gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Intramolecular Hydroalkoxylation/Cyclization of Unactivated Alkenols Mediated by Lanthanide Triflate Ionic Liquids. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
3D Appearance Super-Resolution with Deep Learning (2019)

We tackle the problem of retrieving high-resolution (HR) texture maps of objects that are captured from multiple view points. In the multi-view case, model-based super-resolution (SR) methods have been recently proved to recover high quality texture maps. On the other hand, the advent of deep learning-based methods has already a significant impact on the problem of video and image SR. Yet, a deep learning-based approach to super-resolve the appearance of 3D objects is still missing. The main limitation of exploiting the power of deep learning techniques in the multi-view case is the lack of data. We introduce a 3D appearance SR (3DASR) dataset based on the existing ETH3D [42], SyB3R [31], MiddleBury, and our Collection of 3D scenes from TUM [21], Fountain [51] and Relief [53]. We provide the high- and low-resolution texture maps, the 3D geometric model, images and projection matrices. We exploit the power of 2D learning-based SR methods and design networks suitable for the 3D multi-view case. We incorporate the geometric information by introducing normal maps and further improve the learning process. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed networks successfully incorporate the 3D geometric information and super-resolve the texture maps.
Deregulation and Competition in the Insurance Industry (1992)

Introduction The Meaning of Deregulation The History of Governmental Regulation of Insurance The Purposes of Governmental Regulation of Insurance The Nature of Insurance in Contemporary Society Product Development and Differentiation Supervision of Services Price Competition The Merger Problem The Issue of Availability Conclusion: The Choices Leading to Deregulation Bibliography Index
On the Truncation of the Numerical SAM Phantom Used in Mobile Phone Antenna Simulations (2006)

Usage of electromagnetic simulation tools has become a significant part of a typical mobile phone antenna design process. The main reasons for this are the developments in the usability of the commercial software packages and the improvements in the everyday computational resources. In particular, the compatibility between the simulation software packages and the modern mechanical design tools has increased the accuracy as well as the applicability of the simulations. However, at the same time the size and the complexity of the simulation models has also increased thus decreasing the available computational resources required in handling the numerically expensive biological models, like head and hand phantoms, which are essential in mobile phone antenna analyses. Therefore, optimization is needed in order to find a good balance between the efficiency and the stability of the simulations and the reliability of the simulation results. This paper demonstrates a way to improve the efficiency of the simulations involving a mobile phone antenna beside the specific anthropomorphic mannequin (SAM) phantom. In the study the effect of the truncation of the phantom on the simulated performance and specific absorption rate (SAR) results of a typical dual-band (GSM 900/1800) antenna was monitored by cutting out slices around the phantom. The object was to find optimal truncations for both frequency bands enabling efficient and stable simulations still producing reliable simulation results. The paper shows that the SAM phantom can be truncated significantly thus freeing computational resources for other components, like the detailed phone structure or the hand phantom.
An Aqueous, Electrolyte‐Type, Rechargeable Device Utilizing a Hydrophilic Radical Polymer‐Cathode (2009)

Abstract A hydrophilic poly(vinyl ether)‐backbone polymer bearing a pendant TEMPO radical, poly(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyloxy‐4‐yl vinyl ether) (PTVE), was designed as a cathode‐active material, which displays a reversible one‐electron redox capability, even in an aqueous electrolyte. The PTVE layer coated on a current collector demonstrated a rapid charging‐discharging rate based on the combination of the redox‐active nitroxide radicals built into the hydrophilic polymer and the aqueous electrolyte that possessed a high electrical conductivity. A test cell fabricated with a PTVE cathode, a zinc anode, and an aqueous electrolyte gave an output voltage of 1.7 V and showed the ability to be recharged more than 500 times rechargeability. magnified image
Unrealizable Cores for Reactive Systems Specifications: Artifact (2021)

This document describes the artifact that accompanies the ICSE'21 paper "Unrealizable Cores for Reactive Systems Specifications". The artifact includes the specifications that were used in the experiments that are described in the paper. It further includes an executable that allows interested readers to reproduce these experiments and inspect their results. Additionally, the executable is applicable to any specification in Spectra format, which allows conducting similar experiments over any Spectra specification. We hope the artifact will be useful for researchers who are interested in reactive synthesis, specifically in different means to deal with unrealizable specifications.
Enzyme immunoassay validation for qualitative detection of cocaine in sweat (1996)

A solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) involving microtiter plates was modified for analysis of cocaine in sweat. Sweat was collected with the PharmChek sweat patch and drugs were eluted from the collection pad of the patch. The sweat contained primarily parent cocaine. The assay was determined to have cross-reactivity for cocaine of 102% relative to 100% for the benzoylecgonine (BE) calibrators and for cocaethylene of 148%. The optimum cutoff concentration for this modified assay, determined by receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, was 10 micrograms/L cocaine or BE equivalents. At this concentration the assay had 94.5% sensitivity and 99.1% specificity vs gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as an acceptable indicator of the true clinical state. The positive predictive value at a prevalence of 50% was 99%. Threshold analysis for positives suggested that the 95% confidence interval for a positive result by the EIA was between 12.5 and 15 micrograms/L and that quality-control samples at 5 and 15 micrograms/L could be run with each batch to certify the precision around the cutoff. All positive samples must be confirmed by GC-MS. The sensitivity and specificity of the overall analysis system (immunoassay screen and GC-MS confirmation) was 86% and 97%, with known cocaine dosing of volunteers as the acceptable indicator of the true clinical state.
Impairment of Na+-dependent amino acid transport in a cultured human T-cell line by hyperthermia and irradiation. (1978)

We have examined the effects of hyperthermia and radiation on the ability of a human T-leukemic lymphocyte line (Molt-4) to transport the Na+-dependent amino acid, 2-aminoisobutyrate (AIB). Heating Molt-4 at 43 degrees for 1 to 4 hr damages the ability of these cells to accumulate AIB. The damage to the transport system at 43 degrees impairs only the maximal rate of AIB uptake, i.e., Vmax. The thermal effect on AIB transport parallels the radiation effects observed for this system. Preliminary data indicate that heat and radiation may induce irreversible transitions in the tertiary or quaternary structure of a plasma membrane protein involved in regulating Na+-dependent amino acid transport. However, the mechanism by which heat and radiation damage this protein is different.
Nuevo puente sobre el río Paraguay en Asunción (2020)

El Gobierno de Paraguay, en vistas del crecimiento de la ciudad y de la saturación del tráfico rodado sobre el único puente existente sobre el río Paraguay, ha decidido proyectar un nuevo cruce.&#x0D; El cauce del río Paraguay cuenta con un ancho en época de estiaje de unos 700m, el cual puede aumentar en época de lluvias a unos 1500m, debiéndose además respetar un tramo central navegable de 150x30m. El volumen del tráfico a soportar implicaba disponer un tablero de 28’50m de ancho. Estos condicionantes planteaban la necesidad de una estructura que se dividía en tres tramos diferenciados: un primer tramo de acceso desde Asunción, el puente principal sobre el cauce navegable y un tramo de acceso desde la orilla opuesta a Asunción sobre la zona inundable del río.&#x0D; En fases preliminares del estudio se analizaron alternativas para el vano principal: tableros sección cajón sencillo o dobles para ejecución por voladizos, celosías metálicas empujadas, tableros extradosados y puentes atirantados de pilono sencillo o doble.&#x0D; Las alternativas que se juzgaron más adecuadas fueron el tablero en sección cajón con un vano principal de 180 m de luz y el puente atirantado de doble pilono y 260 m de luz.&#x0D; La primera alternativa presentaba un esquema de luces de 90+180+90m. La sección adoptada consistía en un cajón con un núcleo de 10’60 m de ancho el cual se ampliaba hasta los 28’45m necesarios de plataforma mediante el uso de jabalcones. Los cantos previstos eran un mínimo de 4’00 m en centro del vano principal y de 9’00 m sobre las pilas intermedias.&#x0D; La alternativa atirantada, finalmente seleccionada, se conformaba por un tablero de hormigón de canto constante de 2’45 m, suspendido de sus bordes mediante dos familias de cables en semiarpa que acometían contra un pilono en diamante con fuste central único.
Hybrid planar Hall-magnetoresistance sensor based on tilted cross-junction (2009)

We report a new kind of high sensitivity magnetic sensor based on a tilted cross-junction which combines both the planar Hall effect (PHE) and magnetoresistance (MR) to enhance the sensitivity and linearity of the sensor. The sensitivity of this hybrid sensor is enhanced by about 30% when the cross-junction is tilted at an angle of 45° compared with a normal cross sensor junction. In this case, a sensitivity of 9.5 µV Oe−1 is reached. Systematic investigations on the role of PHE and MR revealed that the transverse PHE component is always constant with tilt angle variations and it dominates the linearity of the hybrid sensor whereas the longitudinal MR component was the reason for improving the sensor sensitivity. The obtained results of the tilted cross-junction were described successfully using the first order approximation of the Stoner–Wohlfarth energy term.
Revisiting unexploited antibiotics in search of new antibacterial drug candidates: the case of γ-actinorhodin (2017)

Of the thousands of natural product antibiotics discovered to date, only a handful have been developed for the treatment of bacterial infection. The clinically unexploited majority likely include compounds with untapped potential as antibacterial drugs, and in view of the ever-growing unmet medical need for such agents, warrant systematic re-evaluation. Here we revisit the actinorhodins, a class that was first reported 70 years ago, but which remains poorly characterized. We show that γ-actinorhodin possesses many of the requisite properties of an antibacterial drug, displaying potent and selective bactericidal activity against key Gram-positive pathogens (including Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci), a mode of action distinct from that of other agents in clinical use, an extremely low potential for the development of resistance, and a degree of in vivo efficacy in an invertebrate model of infection. Our findings underscore the utility of revisiting unexploited antibiotics as a source of novel antibacterial drug candidates.
Cavitation-mediated extravasation and transtumoral drug delivery by microstreaming: What role do the gas nuclei and the physical properties of the therapeutic play? (2016)

For effective cancer therapy, therapeutic agents must extravasate from the blood stream into the tumour mass, then overcome the elevated intratumoural pressure and dense extracellular matrix to reach each and every cancer cell. Several recent studies have suggested that inertial cavitation in the absence or presence of artificial cavitation nuclei can significantly enhance the delivery, penetration, and distribution of small-molecule or nanoparticulate therapeutic agents into tumors. We first present a comparison of the reported enhancements in delivery achieved for a range of frequencies and therapeutic sizes without or with pre-seeding of cavitation, with particular emphasis on the potential role of cavitation persistence and spatial distribution. With microstreaming hypothesized to be the dominant transport mechanism for drug delivery, the likely benefit of using sub-micron cavitation nucleation agents capable of extravasating alongside the therapeutic, rather than microbubbles confined to the blood pool, is then investigated. Lastly, potential physical and biological modification strategies capable of enhancing the transport of therapeutics by cavitation-microstreaming are discussed, and compared in terms of their relative delivery efficacies in vivo.
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor Shedding Controls Thresholds of Innate Immune Activation That Balance Opposing TNF Functions in Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (2004)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is a potent cytokine exerting critical functions in the activation and regulation of immune and inflammatory responses. Due to its pleiotropic activities, the amplitude and duration of TNF function must be tightly regulated. One of the mechanisms that may have evolved to modulate TNF function is the proteolytic cleavage of its cell surface receptors. In humans, mutations affecting shedding of the p55TNF receptor (R) have been linked with the development of the TNFR-associated periodic syndromes, disorders characterized by recurrent fever attacks and localized inflammation. Here we show that knock-in mice expressing a mutated nonsheddable p55TNFR develop Toll-like receptor-dependent innate immune hyperreactivity, which renders their immune system more efficient at controlling intracellular bacterial infections. Notably, gain of function for antibacterial host defenses ensues at the cost of disbalanced inflammatory reactions that lead to pathology. Mutant mice exhibit spontaneous hepatitis, enhanced susceptibility to endotoxic shock, exacerbated TNF-dependent arthritis, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. These results introduce a new concept for receptor shedding as a mechanism setting up thresholds of cytokine function to balance resistance and susceptibility to disease. Assessment of p55TNFR shedding may thus be of prognostic value in infectious, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases.
Commentary on Gender Differences in Prevalence, Treatment, and Quality of Life of Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2015)

Focused research that examines the effect of gender on the development, treatment, and outcomes of CRS is warranted.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized α,α‐Disubstituted β‐Alkynyl Esters from Allenoates Through an Alkynylenolate Intermediate. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Rapid NIR optical tomography at 35 frames per second by spectrally-encoded parallel light delivery</title> (2006)

NIR tomography has advanced considerably over the past decade. The historical developments which have led to creation of NIR tomography have largely resulted in systems which were optimized for signal accuracy and high numbers of point measurements, rather than speed of acquisition. One of the key technological designs limiting the acquisition speed is the requirement that the source light be delivered sequentially or through frequency encoding of the time signal. The approach presented here provides a method to introduce all sources and all detectors simultaneously with no moving parts and retaining the dynamic range of the detector, by separating the signals spatially prior to detection. This is achieved by spectral wavelength encoding of the sources, which allows many sources to be input into the tissue at the same time, followed by spectral-decoding of all detection channels in parallel using a spectrometer and CCD detector. A data acquisition speed of 35Hz frame rate has been achieved with this configuration. The described system features 8 sources at an overall 785nm center band and 8 detectors evenly deployed in a 27mm array designed for imaging with small animal tissues. This paper discusses the design, instrumentation of the system, and the imaging characteristics.
On-line estimation of respiratory parameters of lung mechanics in different pathologies (2002)

Real-time monitoring of lung function parameters is of crucial importance in patients requiring respiratory assistance. In the present work we applied a recently proposed recursive method to on-line estimation of respiratory resistance and elastance in different pathologies. The approach provides stable and reliable parameter estimates even in critical patients.
Design and Test Issues for Lab-on-Chip Ion Separation for In-Situ Water Quality Monitoring (2012)

Recently there have been advances in automatic monitoring systems for water quality linked to environmental modeling. The difficulty of performing such sensing in natural environments leads to a high probability of faults and demands for high density data make automated self-test an important requirement. As part of an evaluation of failures in Lab-on-Chip (LOC) Ion Chromatography (IC) and Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) based systems, we passed river water through LOC devices for long periods showing that such system are feasible, but illustrating that failures are likely. Conductivity is the preferred method of detection for IC and CE, but a problem with all such detectors is the need to suppress background conductivity. Chemical suppression is often utilized, but in-situ systems can be simplified using electronic methods. We have developed an approach which directly suppresses baseline current. Detection signals and baseline profiles can be used to diagnose faults, typically manually by an experienced technician. In this paper we discuss automated test strategies for in-situ monitors at both the sensor network and individual instrument level. We also report preliminary investigations into development of automated fault detection using baseline and detection signals.
Auditory processing is related to reading ability (1997)

Aspects of auditory processing related to temporal and spectral resolution were investigated in 50 adult subjects (aged 18-58) with varying reading abilities. The tests administered included tone detection, tone frequency discrimination, tone sequencing, interval discrimination, and gap detection. Tones were either long (250 ms) or short (20 ms) and ranged in frequency between 600 and 1400 Hz. Detection and frequency discrimination tasks were given in the clean and in a masking context, in which tones were followed by 300-ms bandpass noise. Thresholds were determined using an adaptive procedure. Backward masking interferences for short tones, as well as interval and frequency discrimination limens were substantially elevated for most poor readers, and were correlated with one another. Three-tone sequencing and short-tone frequency discrimination in a masking context were especially strongly correlated with single-word reading ability. Gap detection thresholds did not correlate with other tasks or with reading ability. In sum, spectral-temporal auditory processing resolution appears to be related to reading ability, possibly via an acoustically based deficit in phonetic development. These findings raise the question of whether nonspeech acoustic training can be used to improve adults’ reading ability. [Work supported by Scientific Learning Corporation.]
Dispersion and Stabilization of Alkylated 2D MXene in Nonpolar Solvents and Their Pseudocapacitive Behavior (2020)

To date, MXene dispersions have been mostly limited to polar solvents. Here, we show that when the lithium cations present between MXene multilayers after etching are exchanged with di(hydrogenated tallow)benzyl methyl ammonium chloride (DHT), they become organophilic and form highly stable colloidal suspensions in nonpolar solvents. The rapid cation exchange occurs under ambient conditions and the resulting two-dimensional flakes are well dispersed and remain oxide free. A 142 ± 0.7-μm thick film (≈10 mg ⋅ cm−2) made from a DHT-Ti3C2Tz suspension in toluene exhibits pseudocapacitive behavior, with a capacitance of 305 F ⋅ g−1 at a scan rate 2 mV ⋅ s−1. The moduli and tensile strengths of solution-processed polyethylene nanocomposites are increased by ≈11% and 32% with a loading of ≈1 vol% DHT-Ti3C2Tz. Our approach may enable the use of MXenes in multiple research and industrial fields.
Synthesis of Novel Chiral Sulfonamide‐Bearing 1,2,4‐Triazole‐3‐thione Analogs Derived fromD‐andL‐Phenylalanine Esters as Potential Anti‐Influenza Agents (2016)

Novel enantiopure 1,2,4-trizole-3-thiones containing a benzensulfonamide moiety were synthesized via multistep reaction sequence starting with D-phenylalanine methyl ester and L-phenylalanine ethyl ester as a source of chirality. The chemical structures of all compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, UV, IR, (1) H NMR, (13) C NMR, 2D NMR (HETCOR), and mass spectral data. All compounds were tested in vitro antiviral activity against a broad variety of DNA and RNA viruses and in vitro cytostatic activity against murine leukemia (L1210), human T-lymphocyte (CEM) and human cervix carcinoma (HeLa) cell lines. Although enantiopure 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione analogs in (R) configuration emerged as promising anti-influenza A H1N1 subtype in Madin Darby canine kidney cell cultures (MDCK), their enantiomers exhibited no activity. Especially compounds , , , , and (EC50 : 6.5, 6.1, 2.4, 1.6, 1.7 μM, respectively) had excellent activity against influenza A H1N1 subtype compared to the reference drug ribavirin (EC50 : 8.0 μM). Several compounds have been found to inhibit proliferation of L1210, CEM and HeLa cell cultures with IC50 in the 12-53 μM range. Compound and in (R) configuration were the most active compounds (IC50 : 12-22 μM for and IC50 : 19-23 μM for ). Chirality 28:495-513, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dynamics and control of a quasi-one-dimensional spin system (2007)

We study experimentally a system comprised of linear chains of spin-1/2 nuclei that provides a test bed for multibody dynamics and quantum-information processing. This system is a paradigm for a class of quantum-information processing devices that can perform particular tasks even without universal control of the whole quantum system. We investigate the extent of control achievable on the system with current experimental apparatus and methods to gain information on the system state, when full tomography is not possible and in any case highly inefficient.