gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding how people interact with web search results that change in real-time using implicit feedback (2013)

The way a searcher interacts with query results can reveal a lot about what is being sought. Considerable research has gone into using implicit relevance feedback to identify relevant con-tent in real-time, but little is known about how to best present this newly identified relevant content to users. In this paper we compare a traditional search interface with one that dynamical-ly re-ranks and recommends search results as the user interacts with it in order to build a picture of how and when users should be offered dynamically identified relevant content. We present several studies that compare logged behavior for hun-dreds of thousands of users and millions of queries as well as self-reported measures of success across the two interaction models. Compared to traditional web search, users presented with dynamically ranked results exhibit higher engagement and find information faster, particularly during exploratory tasks. These findings have implications for how search engines might best exploit implicit feedback in real-time in order to help users identify the most relevant results as quickly as possible.
Passive chip-based droplet sorting (2023)

An apparatus for passive sorting of microdroplets including a main flow channel, a flow stream of microdroplets in the main flow channel wherein the microdroplets have substantially the same diameter and wherein the flow stream of microdroplets includes first microdroplets having a first degree of stiffness and second microdroplets having a second degree of stiffness wherein the second degree of stiffness is different than the first degree of stiffness. A second flow channel is connected to the main flow channel for the second microdroplets having a second degree of stiffness. A separator separates the second microdroplets having a second degree of stiffness from the first microdroplets and directs the second microdroplets having a second degree of stiffness into the second flow channel.
A low resistance, styleted spinal cord stimulation lead and connector (2003)

A one or more contact implantable electrical stimulation lead and connector are described. This low resistive lead is made steerable through the use of a removable contoured steering mechanism (stylet). The outer portion of the lead is made of a high strength implantable polymer and the inner conductors are made of a low electrical resistance, high flexibility alloy. The outer diameter of the lead is 1.4 mm, resulting in an extremely low profile. The lead is retained into the connector housing by a contact spring around each contact and a single set-screw. The addition of a stylet to the lead and the simple low insertion force connector make this system easy to use.
Electrical and fluidic C4 interconnections for inter-layer liquid cooling of 3D ICs (2010)

Heat removal technologies are among the most critical needs for 3D integration of high-performance microprocessors. As high performance chips are projected to dissipate more than 100W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and require more than 100A of supply current, integrating high performance chips in a 3D stack greatly exacerbates challenges in power delivery and cooling of chips within the stack. This paper reports the configuration of a 3D integration platform that can support the power delivery, signaling, and heat removal requirements for 3D architectures with integrated high-performance processors in the 3D stack. The researchers demonstrate the use of wafer-level batch fabrication to develop advanced electrical and fluidic three-dimensional interconnect networks in a 3D stack. The on-chip integrated microchannel heat sinks enable cooling of >100W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of each high power density chip. A key element in this platform is the ability to assemble chips with electrical and fluidic I/Os and seal fluidic interconnections at each strata interface. Three assembly and fluidic sealing techniques are discussed. Fabrication, assembly, and experimental results of the novel fluidic sealing technologies that enable the microfluidic network in the inter-layer liquid cooling 3D integration platform are also reported.
Cytokine-Induced Osteoclastic Bone Resorption in Charcot Arthropathy: An Immunohistochemical Study (2006)

The findings of excessive osteoclastic activity in the environment of cytokine mediators of bone resorption (IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) suggest enhanced bone resorption through the stimulation of osteoclastic progenitor cells as well as mature osteoclasts. Alteration in the synthesis, secretion, or activity of these important regulatory molecules through the use of pharmacologic agents may, in turn, alter bone remodeling and loss and lead to accelerated healing without collapse or malalignment.
Continuous deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus may not modulate beta bursts in patients with Parkinson’s disease (2019)

Our results suggest that cDBS of the STN may not change beta burst activity. Additionally, threshold-based analysis can bias the fraction of time spent in bursts. Improved analysis strategies for continuous and adaptive DBS may achieve improved symptom control and reduce side-effects.
Demonstration of PAM-4 Data Transmission from a Modulation Instability Induced Frequency Comb (2020)

We demonstrate PAM-4 modulation on a modulation instability frequency comb, generated by tuning through the cavity resonance of a Kerr microresonator. We determine the BER for the corresponding eye diagram. ©2020 The Author(s)
Network coded information raining over high-speed rail through IEEE 802.16j (2009)

Two-hop network architectures, with wireline and 802.16a backhauls, respectively, and 802.11 repeaters/relays, were proposed for high-speed rail. The resulting infrastructure cost in the former, and complexity of dual mode wireless relays in the latter, urge the need for more technically and economically efficient solutions. In this paper, we first propose a two-hop wireless network architecture for high-speed rail employing 802.16j. Due to its backward compatibility with 802.16e, the use of 802.16j not only mitigates the restrictions of the previous two-hop heterogeneous solutions but also allows a third direct communication link from the base-station to the trains, thus providing opportunities for throughput improvements. We then propose a network coded downlink transmission scheme over the proposed network architecture to both eliminate the undesirable ARQ overhead in high-speed rail communications and better exploit relay diversity. We refer to our proposed scheme as network coded information raining. Simulation results show the merits of our proposed solutions.
Resource allocation in heterogeneous cloud radio access networks: advances and challenges (2015)

Base station densification is increasingly used by network operators to provide better throughput and coverage performance to mobile subscribers in dense data traffic areas. Such densification is progressively diffusing the move from traditional macrocell base stations toward heterogeneous networks with diverse cell sizes (e.g., microcell, picocell, femotcell) and diverse radio access technologies (e.g., GSM, CDMA), and LTE). The coexistence of the different network entities brings an additional set of challenges, particularly in terms of the provisioning of high-speed communications and the management of wireless interference. Resource sharing between different entities, largely incompatible in conventional systems due to the lack of interconnections, becomes a necessity. By connecting all the base stations from different tiers to a central processor (referred to as the cloud) through wire/wireline backhaul links, the heterogeneous cloud radio access network, H-CRAN, provides an open, simple, controllable, and flexible paradigm for resource allocation. This article discusses challenges and recent developments in H-CRAN design. It proposes promising resource allocation schemes in H-CRAN: coordinated scheduling, hybrid backhauling, and multicloud association. Simulations results show how the proposed strategies provide appreciable performance improvement compared to methods from recent literature.
Pocket Programmable Calculators in Biochemistry (1980)

The Calculators. A Word about Program Usage. Introduction. Aqueous Solution of Small Molecules. Macromolecules in Solutions. Sedimentation. Ligand Binding and Kinetics. Thermodynamics in Biochemistry. Spectroscopy. Isotopes in Biochemistry. Appendix I. Least Squares Fit to a Straight Line. Appendix II. Physical Constants and Conversion Factors. Appendix III. Selected Thermodynamic Dissociation Constants. Appendix IV. Other Sources of Calculator Related Information. Index.
Abstract P203: Combination of Diet and Exercise is Preferred for Weight Loss and Weight Loss-Induced Blood Pressure Reduction (2011)

Obesity and sympathetic activation are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Weight loss (WL) is the first choice as the treatment for obesity and hypertension, however, there were few studies to compare the efficacy and mechanisms of WL and WL-induced BP reduction between a diet alone (D), exercise alone (EX) and a combination of diet + exercise (D+EX). The present study compared the effects of WL achievement on WL-induced BP reduction over 24 weeks between D alone, EX alone and a combination with D+EX, especially focusing on the relationships of the sympathetic nervous activity (observed with plasma norepinephrine (NE) levels) and insulin resistance (homeostasis model of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR). The 3 groups were each composed of 20 obese hypertensive men. BMI, fat-mass, waist-to-hip ratio, BP, plasma NE, and HOMA-IR were measured at every 4 week period over 24 weeks. All basal parameters were similar among the 3 groups. At 24 weeks, the combination group with D+EX had significantly higher prevalence of normotensive subjects (n=16) than the D alone (9) or EX alone group (6) (χ 2 =10.81, P&lt;0.05). In the D alone group, plasma NE decreased significantly at 4 weeks, BMI, fat-mass and BP levels reductions were observed at 8 weeks, and waist-to-hip ratios decreased at 12 weeks. In comparison, in the EX alone group, significant reductions of fat-mass were observed at 4 weeks, BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, plasma NE and HOMA-IR significant reductions were observed at 8 weeks, and significant decreases in BP levels were detected at 12 weeks. In the D+EX group, BMI, fat-mass, waist-to-hip ratio, BP levels, plasma NE and HOMA-IR decreased significantly at 4 weeks. The magnitude of reductions of BMI, fat-mass, waist-to-hip ratio, BP, plasma NE, HOMA-IR and leptin were greatest among the 3 groups throughout the study.These results demonstrate that D+EX has stronger effects on WL, WL-induced BP reduction, normalization of hypertension and suppression of sympathetic activation compared to D or EX alone. In the 3 study groups, suppression of plasma NE was followed by reductions of HOMA-IR and BP reduction, suggesting that the suppression of sympathetic activation accompanying the improvement of insulin resistance might play a major role on WL-induced BP reduction.
Degradation of silicone encapsulants in CPV optics (2016)

Concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules operate in extreme conditions, which poses a unique materials challenge for guaranteeing operational lifetimes of at least 25 years. The encapsulants used in the optical elements are critically susceptible to environmental degradation during operation. We studied the effects of weatherings on adhesion using an outdoor concentrator operating in excess of 1100 times the AM1.5 direct irradiance and in environmental chambers with broadband ultraviolet (UV) irradiation combined with controlled temperature and humidity. We observed a sharp initial increase in adhesion energy followed by a gradual decrease in adhesion as a result of both outdoor concentrator exposure and indoor UV weathering. We characterized changes in mechanical properties and chemical structures using XPS, FTIR, and DMA to understand the fundamental connection between mechanical strength and the degradation of the silicone encapsulant.
Calmodulin in Complex with Proteins and Small Molecule Ligands: Operating with the Element of Surprise; Implications for Structure-Based Drug Design (2009)

Calmodulin plays a role in several life processes, its flexibility allows binding of a number of different ligands from small molecules to amphiphilic peptide helices and proteins. Through the diversity of its functions, it is quite difficult to find new drugs, which bind to calmodulin as a target. We present available structural information on the protein, obtained by X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular modeling and try to derive some conclusions on structure-activity relationships. Keywords: Calmodulin, protein interactions, small molecule binding, hydrophobicity, amphiphilicity, drug design
RANS and detached-eddy simulation of the NCCR airfoil (2004)

A circulation control foil is studied using incompressible Reynolds-averaged Navier Stokes and detached-eddy simulation CFD methods. It is shown that Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulations of large jet momentum coefficient cases with a linear Reynolds-stress closure and a blended k-/spl omega/ = k-/spl epsi/ turbulence model is able to successfully predict the pressure-distribution trends in comparison to benchmark data. Details of the simulated flow are presented through analysis of the integral forces and moment, velocity field, and turbulent kinetic energy. However, given the lack of data and CFD grid studies these results lack validation. Detached-eddy simulation is undertaken for the unblown case, and demonstrates that the method is capable of resolving turbulent vortex shedding. Statistical and spectral analysis is used to explain the simulation results, however, as with the RANS simulations, lack of data precludes validation for this problem. Nonetheless, results are encouraging and suggest further application of DES to both circulation control studies as well as other trailing-edge applications. Finally, implications for cavitation-free operation of circulation-control devices are discussed.
Genetic Testing for Inherited Eye Disease (2007)

The data, devices, and molecular techniques that have become part of the practice of medicine as a result of the Human Genome Project are for most clinicians both inspiring and intimidating. While the potential for tests that can help make very accurate diagnoses of rare genetic diseases and that can identify genetic predispositions to more common ones is exciting, the translation of this concept to practice has been slower and more complicated than most people would have imagined.
Consumption of Lactose, Other FODMAPs and Diarrhoea during Adjuvant 5-Fluorouracil Chemotherapy for Colorectal Cancer (2020)

Chemotherapy-induced mucosal injury of the small intestine may interfere with the enzymes and transporters responsible for the hydrolysis and absorption of dietary carbohydrates causing diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort and pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the consumption of foods rich in FODMAPs (fermentable oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols) and gastrointestinal symptoms in patients receiving adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer. The patients (<i>n</i> = 52) filled in a 4-day food diary at baseline and during therapy and kept a symptom diary. The intakes of FODMAP-rich foods were calculated as portions and the intakes were divided into two consumption categories. Patients with high consumption of FODMAP-rich foods had diarrhoea more frequently than those with low consumption (for lactose-rich foods the odds ratio (OR) was 2.63, <i>P</i> = 0.03; and for other FODMAP-rich foods 1.82, <i>P</i> = 0.20). Patients with high consumption of both lactose-rich and other FODMAP-rich foods had an over 4-fold risk of developing diarrhoea as compared to those with low consumption of both (OR, 4.18; <i>P</i> = 0.02). These results were confirmed in multivariate models. Conclusion: Consumption of lactose-rich foods results in an increased risk of diarrhoea during adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer, especially when the consumption of other FODMAP-rich foods is also high.
Disposition and Pharmacokinetics of a GalNAc3-Conjugated Antisense Oligonucleotide Targeting Human Lipoprotein (a) in Monkeys (2016)

Triantennary N-acetyl galactosamine (GalNAc<sub>3</sub>)-conjugated antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) have greatly improved potency due to receptor-mediated uptake into hepatocyte. The disposition and pharmacokinetics of ISIS 681257, a GalNAc<sub>3</sub>-conjugated ASO, were studied in monkeys. Following subcutaneous (SC) injection, ISIS 681257 was rapidly absorbed into the systemic circulation, with peak plasma levels observed within hours after dosing. After reaching C<sub>max</sub>, plasma concentrations rapidly declined in a multiexponential manner and were characterized by a dominant initial rapid distribution phase in which drug transferred to tissues from circulation, followed by a much slower terminal elimination phase (half-life of 4 weeks). Intact ISIS 681257 is the major full-length oligonucleotide species in plasma (≥70%). In tissues, the conjugated-GalNAc sugar moiety was rapidly metabolized, leaving the fully unconjugated form as the only full-length oligonucleotide detected at 48 h after dosing. Unconjugated ISIS 681257 cleared slowly from tissues with a half-life of 4 weeks. ISIS 681257 was highly bound to plasma proteins (>97% bound), which limited its urinary excretion. Disposition of ISIS 681257 in plasma and liver appeared nonlinear over the 1-40 mg/kg dose range studied. The plasma and liver tissue concentration data were well described by a population based mixed-effects modeling approach with Michaelis-Menten uptake from plasma to liver. Safety data from the study and the good exposure, as well as the extended half-life of the unconjugated ASO in the liver, support further development and less frequent dosing in Phase I clinical study.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pictet‐Spengler Condensation: A New Direction for an Old Reaction (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cryopreserved Human Precision-Cut Lung Slices as a Bioassay for Live Tissue Banking. A Viability Study of Bronchodilation with Bitter-Taste Receptor Agonists (2015)

Human precision-cut lung slices (hPCLSs) provide a unique ex vivo model for translational research. However, the limited and unpredictable availability of human lung tissue greatly impedes their use. Here, we demonstrate that cryopreservation of hPCLSs facilitates banking of live human lung tissue for routine use. Our results show that cryopreservation had little effect on overall cell viability and vital functions of immune cells, including phagocytes and T lymphocytes. In addition, airway contraction and relaxation in response to specific agonists and antagonists, respectively, were unchanged after cryopreservation. At the subcellular level, cryopreserved hPCLSs maintained Ca(2+)-dependent regulatory mechanisms for the control of airway smooth muscle cell contractility. To exemplify the use of cryopreserved hPCLSs in smooth muscle research, we provide evidence that bitter-taste receptor (TAS2R) agonists relax airways by blocking Ca(2+) oscillations in airway smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, the banking of cryopreserved hPCLSs provides a robust bioassay for translational research of lung physiology and disease.
Robust Doppler Spread Estimation in the Presence of a Residual Carrier Frequency Offset (2009)

In high data-rate transmission systems, accurate Doppler spread estimation is a critical task for not only mobile velocity estimation, but also for optimal adaptive processing. It is known that the residual carrier frequency offset (CFO) which is inherent to the asynchrony between the communicating ends in a wireless link has a detrimental effect on the Doppler spread estimation. In this correspondence, we propose a new simple and accurate approach that copes with this issue by explicitly taking the CFO into account when estimating the Doppler spread. This new approach stems from the fact that the cross-correlation of the channel is a weighted summation of monochromatic plane waves (or an inverse Fourier transform of its power spectral density). It turns out that these plane waves are locally (as compared to the sampling rate) distributed around a main frequency which is nothing but the CFO. Using this property, we base our analysis on Taylor series expansions in addition to an observation temporal aperture to develop a two-ray spectrum approximate model for the Doppler spread estimation. We find that the Doppler spread is half of the frequency spacing between both rays which are located symmetrically around the CFO. Finally, we deduce new closed-form estimators for the Doppler spread and also for the CFO. These estimators are accurate and practical in environments with isotropic scattering where the channel power spectrum density (PSD) is symmetric. Simulations are provided to illustrate the advantages of the proposed method and its robustness to the CFO.
Efficacy of Hemivertebra Resection for Congenital Scoliosis (2011)

While hemivertebra resection for congenital scoliosis had a higher complication rate than either hemiepiphysiodesis/in situ fusion or instrumentated fusion without resection, posterior hemivertebra resection in younger patients resulted in better percent correction than the other two techniques.
Human immunodeficiency virus‐encoded Tat activates glycogen synthase kinase‐3β to antagonize nuclear factor‐κB survival pathway in neurons (2006)

The pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-associated dementia is mediated by neuronal dysfunction and death, brought about by the action of soluble neurotoxic factors that are released by virally infected macrophages and microglia. Paradoxically, many candidate HIV-1 neurotoxins also possess the ability to activate nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), which has a potent pro-survival effect in primary neurons. The present study explored this conundrum and investigated why NF-kappaB might fail to protect neurons that are exposed to candidate HIV-1 neurotoxins. Here, we evaluated the ability of virus-depleted conditioned medium produced by HIV-1-infected human macrophages (HIV-MCMs) to modulate NF-kappaB activity in neurons. We demonstrated that HIV-MCMs inhibit the normal signaling pathways that lead to NF-kappaB activation in neurons. This inhibitory effect of HIV-MCM is dependent upon the presence of HIV-1 Tat, which activates glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3beta in neurons. Activation of GSK-3beta, in turn, results in modification of the NF-kappaB subunit RelA at serine 468, thereby regulating the physical interaction of RelA with histone deacetylase-3 corepressor molecules. Furthermore, neutralization of Tat or inhibition of GSK-3beta activity prevents neuronal apoptosis induced by HIV-MCM. We conclude that HIV-1 Tat may compromise neuronal function and fate by interfering with normal survival pathways subserved by NF-kappaB. These findings may have important therapeutic implications for the management of HIV-1-associated dementia.