gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene Therapy for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2007)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a debilitating X-linked disease with limited treatment options. We examined the possibility of moving forward with gene therapy, an approach that demonstrates promise for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Gene therapy is not limited to replacement of defective genes but also includes strategies using surrogate genes with alternative but effective means of improving cellular function or repairing gene mutations. The first viral-mediated gene transfer for any muscle disease was carried out at Columbus Children's Research Institute and Ohio State University for limb girdle muscular dystrophy type 2D, and the first viral-mediated trial of gene transfer for Duchenne muscular dystrophy is under way at the same institutions. These studies, consisting of intramuscular injection of virus into a single muscle, are limited in scope and represent phase 1 clinical trials with safety as the primary end point. These initial clinical studies lay the foundation for future studies, providing important information about dosing, immunogenicity, and viral serotype in humans. This article highlights the challenges and potential pitfalls as the field advances this treatment modality to clinical reality.
Surface and Wetting Properties of Embiopteran (Webspinner) Nanofiber Silk (2016)

Insects of the order Embioptera, known as embiopterans, embiids, or webspinners, weave silk fibers together into sheets to make shelters called galleries. In this study, we show that silk galleries produced by the embiopteran Antipaluria urichi exhibit a highly hydrophobic wetting state with high water adhesion macroscopically equivalent to the rose petal effect. Specifically, the silk sheets have advancing contact angles above 150°, but receding contact angle approaching 0°. The silk sheets consist of layered fiber bundles with single strands spaced by microscale gaps. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM) images of silk treated with organic solvent and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of the organic extract support the presence of a lipid outer layer on the silk fibers. We use cryogenic SEM to demonstrate that water drops reside on only the first layer of the silk fibers. The area fraction of this sparse outer silk layers is 0.1 to 0.3, which according to the Cassie-Baxter equation yields an effective static contact angle of ∼130° even for a mildly hydrophobic lipid coating. Using high magnification optical imaging of the three phase contact line of a water droplet receding from the silk sheet, we show that the high adhesion of the drop stems from water pinning along bundles of multiple silk fibers. The bundles likely form when the drop contact line is pinned on individual fibers and pulls them together as it recedes. The dynamic reorganization of the silk sheets during the droplet movement leads to formation of "super-pinning sites" that give embiopteran silk one of the strongest adhesions to water of any natural hydrophobic surface.
Implementing mHealth Interventions in a Resource-Constrained Setting: Case Study From Uganda (2020)

Pan-African Clinical Trials Registration PACTR201509000877140; https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=877.
Learning to Flip the Sentiment of Reviews from Non-Parallel Corpora (2019)

Canasai Kruengkrai. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Uveal and Conjunctival Malignant Melanoma in Denmark, 1943–97: Incidence and Validation Study (2005)

The incidence of malignant melanoma in the ocular region was stable in contrast to a major increase in cutaneous melanoma in Denmark during the period 1943-97. The incidence of iris melanomas increased substantially, whereas the rate was stable for choroid/ciliary body and conjunctival melanomas.
ChemInform Abstract: A Cyclic Sulfate with a Seven‐Membered Ring: 1,3,2‐Dioxathiepane 2,2‐Dioxide. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Immune Modulating Antibody–Drug Conjugate (IM-ADC) for Cancer Immunotherapy (2021)

Antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) offer promising approaches for cancer treatment. Here, we describe an ADC constructed by conjugating anti-PD-L1 THIOMAB with a bifunctional immunomodulator <b>D18</b> via a redox-cleavable linker. The resulting ADC <b>HE-S2</b> not only triggers a potent antitumor immune response by blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction and activating the Toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) signaling pathway but also upregulates its targeted PD-L1 expression via epigenetic regulation and/or IFN-γ induction, thus conferring more sensitivity to the PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We identify that ADC <b>HE-S2</b> treatment could lead to more pronounced tumor suppression than the treatment of <b>D18</b> in combination with the anti-PD-L1 antibody. Accordingly, this study provides a novel ADC strategy to enhance the antitumor immune response to ICB therapy.
Genetically Determined Plasma Lipid Levels and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Mendelian Randomization Study (2017)

Results from observational studies examining dyslipidemia as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (DR) have been inconsistent. We evaluated the causal relationship between plasma lipids and DR using a Mendelian randomization approach. We pooled genome-wide association studies summary statistics from 18 studies for two DR phenotypes: any DR (<i>N</i> = 2,969 case and 4,096 control subjects) and severe DR (<i>N</i> = 1,277 case and 3,980 control subjects). Previously identified lipid-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms served as instrumental variables. Meta-analysis to combine the Mendelian randomization estimates from different cohorts was conducted. There was no statistically significant change in odds ratios of having any DR or severe DR for any of the lipid fractions in the primary analysis that used single nucleotide polymorphisms that did not have a pleiotropic effect on another lipid fraction. Similarly, there was no significant association in the Caucasian and Chinese subgroup analyses. This study did not show evidence of a causal role of the four lipid fractions on DR. However, the study had limited power to detect odds ratios less than 1.23 per SD in genetically induced increase in plasma lipid levels, thus we cannot exclude that causal relationships with more modest effect sizes exist.
Concurrent Covalent and Supramolecular Polymerization (2016)

Covalent and supramolecular polymerizations, both of which offer their own unique advantages, have emerged as popular strategies for making artificial materials. Herein, we describe a concurrent covalent and supramolecular polymerization strategy-namely, one which utilizes 1) a bis-azide-functionalized diazaperopyrenium dication that undergoes polymeriation covalently with a bis-alkyne-functionalized biphenyl derivative in one dimension as a result of a rapid and efficient β-cyclodextrin(CD)-accelerated, cucurbit[6]uril(CB)-templated azide-alkyne cycloaddition, while 2) the aromatic core of the dication is able to dimerize in a criss-cross fashion by dint of π-π interactions, enabling simultaneous supramolecular assembly, resulting in an extended polymer network in an orthogonal dimension.
Antenna phase center locations in tapered aperture subarrays (2016)

Antenna apertures are often parsed into subapertures for Direction of Arrival (DOA) measurements. However, when the overall aperture is tapered for sidelobe control, the locations of phase centers for the individual subapertures are shifted due to the local taper of individual subapertures. Furthermore, individual subaperture gains are also affected. These non-uniform perturbations complicate DOA calculations. Techniques are presented to calculate subaperture phase center locations, and algorithms are given for equalizing subapertures’ gains.
Nuclear translocation of FGFR 1 and FGF 2 in pancreatic stellate cells facilitates pancreatic cancer cell invasion (2014)

Pancreatic cancer is characterised by desmoplasia, driven by activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). Over-expression of FGFs and their receptors is a feature of pancreatic cancer and correlates with poor prognosis, but whether their expression impacts on PSCs is unclear. At the invasive front of human pancreatic cancer, FGF2 and FGFR1 localise to the nucleus in activated PSCs but not cancer cells. In vitro, inhibiting FGFR1 and FGF2 in PSCs, using RNAi or chemical inhibition, resulted in significantly reduced cell proliferation, which was not seen in cancer cells. In physiomimetic organotypic co-cultures, FGFR inhibition prevented PSC as well as cancer cell invasion. FGFR inhibition resulted in cytoplasmic localisation of FGFR1 and FGF2, in contrast to vehicle-treated conditions where PSCs with nuclear FGFR1 and FGF2 led cancer cells to invade the underlying extra-cellular matrix. Strikingly, abrogation of nuclear FGFR1 and FGF2 in PSCs abolished cancer cell invasion. These findings suggest a novel therapeutic approach, where preventing nuclear FGF/FGFR mediated proliferation and invasion in PSCs leads to disruption of the tumour microenvironment, preventing pancreatic cancer cell invasion.
Optimal maximum correlation filter for arbitrarily constrained devices (1989)

Almost all coherent pattern recognition architectures are based on optical correlation of the input with a designed filter. However, the filter can be implemented via many different media, and each medium will impose different realizability constraints on the filter. That is, different media will have different regions of physical realizability. In the past, there has not been much work addressing the problem of designing an optimal filter given an arbitrary region of realizability. This paper presents the theory for just such an optimal filter design. A fast algorithm is presented to implement the theory. The algorithm is demonstrated with two examples.
Blood-based peptide, genetic, and epigenetic biomarkers for diagnosing gastrointestinal cancers (2010)

In spite of the limited success of first-generation tests, data gathered in recent years clearly support the notion that we are on the verge of discovering and optimizing a new generation of non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for GI neoplasia.
Nanoflares for the Detection, Isolation, and Culture of Live Tumor Cells from Human Blood* (2020)

Primary tumor cells disseminate through the bloodstream before the appearance of detectable metastatic lesions. The analysis of cancer cells in blood—so-called circulating tumor cells (CTCs)—may provide unprecedented opportunities for metastatic risk assessment and investigation. The loss of intercellular contacts and apical–basal polarity during effective medium theory results in a more invasive and migratory phenotype of tumor cells. This chapter reports the application of nanoflares for the capture of live circulating breast cancer cells. It also reports the retrieval of live recurrent breast cancer cells spiked into whole human blood using nanoflares and subsequent culture as mammospheres. Nanoflare function was initially determined by performing a buffer test in which the fluorescence increase of each nanoflare was measured in the presence of excess complementary or noncomplementary target DNA. Vimentin and Fibronectin nanoflares were evaluated for their ability to identify breast cancer cells seeded in human whole blood as a proxy for the detection of CTCs from patient blood samples.
Nickel-Catalyzed Synthesis of Acrylamides from α-Olefins and Isocyanates (2007)

[reaction: see text] The nickel(0)-catalyzed coupling of alpha-olefins and isocyanates proceeds in the presence of the N-heterocyclic carbene ligand IPr to provide alpha,beta-unsaturated amides. Carbon-carbon bond formation occurs preferentially at the 2-position of the olefin. The N-tert-butyl amide products can be converted to the corresponding primary amides under acidic conditions.
Transrectal ultrasound-guided percutaneous radical cryosurgical ablation of the prostate (1993)

Preliminary results indicate that percutaneous transperineal ultrasound-guided prostate cryosurgery may be an effective treatment for prostate cancer with minimal associated morbidity.
Pharmacological Vasodilation Improves Insulin-Stimulated Muscle Protein Anabolism but Not Glucose Utilization in Older Adults (2010)

Pharmacological enhancement of muscle perfusion and amino acid availability during hyperinsulinemia improves the muscle protein anabolic effect of insulin in older adults.
Colorimetric Ethanol Indicator Based on Instantaneous, Localized Wetting of a Photonic Crystal (2019)

Easy-to-use sensors for ethanol solutions have broad applications ranging from monitoring alcohol quality to combating underage drinking. Although there are a number of electronic and colorimetric sensors available for determining alcohol concentration, there is currently no device that can concurrently provide a prompt, well-defined, quickly recoverable readout and remain readily affordable. Here, we developed a field-ready, colorimetric indicator that provides a fast, clear identification of ethanol-water mixtures between 0 and 40% based on the discoloration of a wetted photonic crystal. We cooperatively exploit the iridescence and the geometrical gating in silica inverse opal films (IOFs), together with a fine-tuned surface chemistry gradient, to distinguish ethanol concentrations by their wettability patterns in the different segments of the IOFs. The resultant all-in-one colorimetric sensor delivers a striking and instantaneous optical response at an ethanol concentration as low as 5%. We further improve the ease of use by seamlessly integrating this colorimetric platform with drinking glassware (a glass stirrer and a vial). This research provides an optimal means for colorimetric ethanol detection and is a step toward the immersible sensing of diverse molecules (e.g., biomarkers) in aqueous solutions without expensive laboratory tests.
A unique loop in T7 DNA polymerase mediates the binding of helicase-primase, DNA binding protein, and processivity factor (2005)

Bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase (gene 5 protein, gp5) interacts with its processivity factor, Escherichia coli thioredoxin, via a unique loop at the tip of the thumb subdomain. We find that this thioredoxin-binding domain is also the site of interaction of the phage-encoded helicase/primase (gp4) and ssDNA binding protein (gp2.5). Thioredoxin itself interacts only weakly with gp4 and gp2.5 but drastically enhances their binding to gp5. The acidic C termini of gp4 and gp2.5 are critical for this interaction in the absence of DNA. However, the C-terminal tail of gp4 is not required for binding to gp5 when the latter is bound to a primer/template. We propose that the thioredoxin-binding domain is a molecular switch that regulates the interaction of T7 DNA polymerase with other proteins of the replisome.
Multimedia Semantics: Interactions Between Content and Community Research on pattern analysis and monitoring of web-based social communities is reviewed in this paper; the authors study how media-rich social networks provide insight into multimedia research problems. (2012)

This paper reviews the state of the art and some emerging issues in research areas related to pattern analysis and monitoring of web-based social communities. This re- search area is important for several reasons. First, the presence of near-ubiquitous low-cost computing and communication technologies has enabled people to access and share informa- tion at an unprecedented scale. The scale of the data necessitates new research for making sense of such content. Furthermore, popular websites with sophisticated media sharing and notification features allow users to stay in touch with friends and loved ones; these sites also help to form explicit and implicit social groups. These social groups are an important source of information to organize and to manage multimedia data. In this article, we study how media-rich social networks provide additional insight into familiar multimedia research problems, including tagging and video ranking. In particular, we advance the idea that the contextual and social aspects of media are as important for successful multimedia applications as is the media content. We examine the inter- relationship between content and social context through the prism of three key questions. First, how do we extract the context in which social interactions occur? Second, does social interaction provide value to the media object? Finally, how do social media facilitate the repurposing of shared content and engender cultural memes? We present three case studies to examine these questions in detail. In the first case study, we show how to discover structure latent in the social media data, and use the discovered structure to organize Flickr photo streams. In the second case study, we discuss how to determine the interestingness of conversationsVand of participantsV around videos uploaded to YouTube. Finally, we show how the analysis of visual content, in particular tracing of content remixes, can help us understand the relationship among YouTube participants. For each case, we present an overview of recent work and review the state of the art. We also discuss two emerging issues related to the analysis of social networksV robust data sampling and scalable data analysis.
Hydrophilization of Porous Polystyrene-Based Continuous Rod Column (1995)

Reactive porous rods of poly[(chloromethyl)styrene-co-divinylbenzene] have been prepared for the first time by copolymerization of the monomers in the presence of a porogenic diluent. A two-step modification process involving reaction with ethylenediamine followed by reaction with gamma-gluconolactone leads to a porous medium that has highly hydrophilic surface functionalities. Preliminary chromatographic evaluation with both small molecules such as alkylbenzenes in reversed-phase mode and large proteins in hydrophobic adsorption and ion-exchange modes demonstrates that the surface of the modified rods possesses a hydrophilicity that is comparable to that of the best hydrophilic HPLC packings.
Pseudowire System with VCCV Insertion (VI) in Optical Access Networks (2008)

In this paper, we propose a new scheme, VCCV insertion (VI), to tackle the pseudowire system data transmission in optical access networks. We build a state space model for VI performance analysis. We prove that the VI scheme is both controllable and stable.
A Proposal for Post-Assessment Test of Long-Term Creep Rupture Strength of Grade 91 Steel (2018)

Predictions as to 105 hrs creep rupture strength of grade 91 steel have been made recently. The predictions should be verified by some means, since they are based on certain assumptions. A formula for predicting long-term creep rupture lives should correctly describe long-term data points used in its formulation. Otherwise the formula cannot properly predict further longer-term creep rupture lives. On the basis of this consideration, the predictions are examined with long-term creep rupture data of the steel. In the predictions three creep rupture databases were used: data of tube products of grade 91 steel reported in NIMS Creep Data Sheet (NIMS T91 database), data of T91 steel collected in Japan, and data of grade 91 steel collected by an ASME code committee. Short-term creep rupture data points were discarded by the following criteria for minimizing overestimation of the strength: selecting long-term data points with low activation energy (multi-region analysis), selecting data points crept at stresses lower than a half of proof stress (σ0.2/2 criterion), and selecting data points longer than 1000 hrs (cut-off time of 1000 hrs). In the case of NIMS T91 database, a time-temperature parameter (TTP) analysis of a dataset selected by the multi-region analysis can properly describe the long-term data points. However, the TTP analyses of datasets selected by the σ0.2/2 criterion and by the cut-off time of 1000 hrs from the same database overestimate the long-term data points. The different criteria for data selection have more substantial effects on predicted values of the strength of the steel than difference of the databases.
Microfabrication with smooth thin carbon nanotube composite sheets (2016)

Carbon nanotube (CNT)/polymer composite materials can be high strength, stiff, and lightweight, which makes them attractive for fabrication of micromechanical structures. Here we demonstrate a method whereby smooth, thin, high CNT concentration composite sheets can be fabricated and patterned on the microscale using a process of photolithography and plasma etching. Two types of CNT/polymer composite sheets were fabricated: one made from CNTs grown on patterned supported catalyst and one made from CNTs grown with floating catalyst; these had thicknesses of 6 µm and 26 µm respectively and a roughness of less than 60 nm.
First-in-human immunoPET imaging of COVID-19 convalescent patients using dynamic total-body PET and a CD8-targeted minibody (2023)

With the majority of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells residing and functioning in tissue, not blood, developing noninvasive methods for <i>in vivo</i> quantification of their biodistribution and kinetics in humans offers the means for studying their key role in adaptive immune response and memory. This study is the first report on using positron emission tomography (PET) dynamic imaging and compartmental kinetic modeling for <i>in vivo</i> measurement of whole-body biodistribution of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in human subjects. For this, a <sup>89</sup>Zr-labeled minibody with high affinity for human CD8 (<sup>89</sup>Zr-Df-Crefmirlimab) was used with total-body PET in healthy subjects (N=3) and in COVID-19 convalescent patients (N=5). The high detection sensitivity, total-body coverage, and the use of dynamic scans enabled the study of kinetics simultaneously in spleen, bone marrow, liver, lungs, thymus, lymph nodes, and tonsils, at reduced radiation doses compared to prior studies. Analysis and modeling of the kinetics was consistent with T cell trafficking effects expected from immunobiology of lymphoid organs, suggesting early uptake in spleen and bone marrow followed by redistribution and delayed increasing uptake in lymph nodes, tonsils, and thymus. Tissue-to-blood ratios from the first 7 h of CD8-targeted imaging showed significantly higher values in the bone marrow of COVID-19 patients compared to controls, with an increasing trend between 2 and 6 months post-infection, consistent with net influx rates obtained by kinetic modeling and flow cytometry analysis of peripheral blood samples. These results provide the platform for using dynamic PET scans and kinetic modelling to study total-body immunological response and memory.
Adenosine Receptor A 2A Deficiency in Leukocytes Increases Arterial Neointima Formation in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2010)

A(2A)R plays a complex role in inflammation and tissue injury. The deficiency of A(2A)R enhances the homing ability of leukocytes and increases the formation of the arterial neointima after injury. A(2A)R antagonists are being tested for the treatment of neurodegenerative and other chronic diseases. An evaluation of the effect of A(2A)R antagonists on arterial restenosis after arterial angioplasty should be conducted.