gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum State Tomography with a Single Observable (2017)

Quantum information has been drawing a wealth of research in recent years, shedding light on questions at the heart of quantum mechanics, as well as advancing fields such as complexity theory, cryptography, key distribution, and chemistry. These fundamental and applied aspects of quantum information rely on a crucial issue: the ability to characterize a quantum state from measurements, through a process called Quantum State Tomography (QST). However, QST requires a large number of measurements, each derived from a different physical observable corresponding to a different experimental setup. Unfortunately, changing the setup results in unwanted changes to the data, prolongs the measurement and impairs the assumptions that are always made about the stationarity of the noise. Here, we propose to overcome these drawbacks by performing QST with a single observable. A single observable can often be realized by a single setup, thus considerably reducing the experimental effort. In general, measurements of a single observable do not hold enough information to recover the quantum state. We overcome this lack of information by relying on concepts inspired by Compressed Sensing (CS), exploiting the fact that the sought state - in many applications of quantum information - is close to a pure state (and thus has low rank). Additionally, we increase the system dimension by adding an ancilla that couples to information evolving in the system, thereby providing more measurements, enabling the recovery of the original quantum state from a single-observable measurements. We demonstrate our approach on multi-photon states by recovering structured quantum states from a single observable, in a single experimental setup. We further show how this approach can be used to recover quantum states without number-resolving detectors.
Amorphous boron–indium–zinc-oxide active channel layers for thin-film transistor fabrication (2014)

Thin-film transistor fabrication was investigated using a novel amorphous boron–indium–zinc-oxide active channel layer.
High‐Throughput Screening in Agrochemical Research (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Target-Based High-Throughput Screening Other Screening Approaches In Vivo High-Throughput Screening Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Advances in Nano-Enabled Platforms for the Treatment of Depression (2021)

Nanotechnology has aided in the advancement of drug delivery for the treatment of several neurological disorders including depression. Depression is a relatively common mental disorder which is characterized by a severe imbalance of neurotransmitters. Several current therapeutic regimens against depression display drawbacks which include low bioavailability, delayed therapeutic outcome, undesirable side effects and drug toxicity due to high doses. The blood-brain barrier limits the entry of the drugs into the brain matrix, resulting in low bioavailability and tissue damage due to drug accumulation. Due to their size and physico-chemical properties, nanotechnological drug delivery systems present a promising strategy to enhance the delivery of nanomedicines into the brain matrix, thereby improving bioavailability and limiting toxicity. Furthermore, ligand-complexed nanocarriers can improve drug specificity and antidepressant efficacy and reduce drug toxicity. Biopolymers and nanocarriers can also be employed to enhance controlled drug release and reduce the hepatic first-pass effect, hence reducing the dosing frequency. This manuscript reviews recent advances in different biopolymers, such as polysaccharides and other nanocarriers, for targeted antidepressant drug delivery to the brain. It probes nano-based strategies that can be employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants through the oral, intranasal, and parenteral routes of administration.
genotools SNP MANAGER: A New Software for Automated High-Throughput MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry SNP Genotyping (2001)

Analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is a rapidly growing field of research that provides insights into the most common type of differences between individual genomes. The resulting information has a strong impact in the fields of pharmacogenomics, drug development, forensic medicine, and diagnostics of specific disease markers. The technique of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been shown to be a highly suitable tool for the analysis of DNA. It supplies a very versatile method for addressing a high-throughput SNP genotyping approach. Here, we present the Bruker genotools SNP MANAGER, a new software tool suitable for highly automated MALDI-TOF MS SNP genotyping. The genotools SNP MANAGER administers the sample preparation data, calculates masses of allele-specific primer extension products, performs genotyping analysis, and displays the results. In the current study, we have used the genotools SNP MANAGER to perform an automated duplex SNP analysis of two biallelic markers from the promoter of the gene encoding the inflammatory mediator interleukin-6.
Muscle-specific and age-related changes in protein synthesis and protein degradation in response to hindlimb unloading in rats (2017)

Disuse is a potent inducer of muscle atrophy, but the molecular mechanisms driving this loss of muscle mass are highly debated. In particular, the extent to which disuse triggers decreases in protein synthesis or increases in protein degradation, and whether these changes are uniform across muscles or influenced by age, is unclear. We aimed to determine the impact of disuse on protein synthesis and protein degradation in lower limb muscles of varied function and fiber type in adult and old rats. Alterations in protein synthesis and degradation were measured in the soleus, medial gastrocnemius, and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of adult and old rats subjected to hindlimb unloading (HU) for 3, 7, or 14 days. Loss of muscle mass was progressive during the unloading period, but highly variable (-9 to -38%) across muscle types and between ages. Protein synthesis decreased significantly in all muscles, except for the old TA. Atrophy-associated gene expression was only loosely associated with protein degradation as muscle RING finger-1, muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), and Forkhead box O1 expression significantly increased in all muscles, but an increase in proteasome activity was only observed in the adult soleus. MAFbx protein levels were significantly higher in the old muscles compared with adult muscles, despite the old having higher expression of microRNA-23a. These results indicate that adult and old muscles respond similarly to HU, and the greatest loss in muscle mass occurs in predominantly slow-twitch extensor muscles due to a concomitant decrease in protein synthesis and increase in protein degradation.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> In this study, we showed that age did not intensify the atrophy response to unloading in rats, but rather that the degree of atrophy was highly variable across muscles, indicating that changes in protein synthesis and protein degradation occur in a muscle-specific manner. Our data emphasize the importance of studying muscles of varying fiber-type and physiological function at multiple time points to fully understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for disuse atrophy.
Molecular Imaging of Hypoxia: Strategies for Probe Design and Application (2011)

Tumor hypoxia is a negative prognostic factor and its precise imaging is of great relevance to therapy planning. The present review summarizes various strategies of probe design for imaging hypoxia with a variety of techniques such as PET, SPECT and fluorescence imaging. Synthesis of some important probes that are used for preclinical and clinical imaging and their mechanism of binding in hypoxia are also discussed.
Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of low intensity, 248 and 193 nm excimer laser radiation in mammalian cells. (1987)

The cytotoxicity of 193 and 248 nm excimer laser radiation was compared to that produced by a germicidal lamp (predominantly 254 nm) using Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO), and a human diploid fibroblast line, AG-1522A. Excimer laser radiation at 248 nm (3.5 X 10(2) w/m2) and germicidal radiation (5.3 X 10(-5) w/m2) caused toxicity in both cell lines, with the AG-1522A cells (D37 = 7-8 J/m2) being slightly more sensitive than the CHO cells (D37 = 11 J/m2). Incident 193 nm radiation was less cytotoxic than 248 nm to AG-1522A and CHO cells with D37 values of 18 and 85 J/m2, respectively. The mutagenic potential of UV excimer radiation at 193 and 248 nm was evaluated using the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transfer assay system with CHO cells. Excimer laser radiation at 248 nm induced mutation in proportion to dose (1.7 X 10(-5) resistant colonies per survivor per J/m2 incident radiation) up to 14 J/m2, similar to results reported for 254 nm light. However, excimer laser radiation at 193 nm did not cause mutation greater than the dark control. The decreased cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of 193 nm radiation may be due to the shielding of the nucleus by cytoplasmic and membrane components or to the formation of different DNA photoproducts. These differences between 193 and 248 nm radiation may be important in choosing an excimer wavelength for ablation in biological systems.
56 Gb/s Si/GeSi Optical Modulator (2018)

We present experimental measurements of an EAM modulator developed on an 800 nm SOI platform working at 1566 nm with dynamic ER of 5.2 dB at 56 Gb/s, EO bandwidth of 56 GHz and power consumption of 44 fJ/bit.
Recrystallization of Isolated Deformed Grains in High Purity Iron (2015)

Early stage of recrystallization behavior was investigated in high purity deformed iron with isolated crystal grains to elucidate the mechanism of recrystallization. Recrystallization of the isolated deformed grains was greater than that of the bi-crystal matrix. The recrystallized grains were observed in the RD×ND section at the tip portion of the deformed isolated grains extending in the rolling direction. Recrystallized grains were also observed inside the deformed isolated grains. The crystal orientations of the recrystallized nucleus were positioned where they were in the perimeter portion of the orientation spread of the deformed matrix, or there may have been the intermediate orientation between the matrix and the isolated grains.
Diversity and Activity of Sulfate-Reducing Prokaryotes in Kamchatka Hot Springs (2021)

Microbial communities of the Kamchatka Peninsula terrestrial hot springs were studied using radioisotopic and cultural approaches, as well as by the amplification and sequencing of <i>dsrB</i> and 16S rRNA genes fragments. Radioisotopic experiments with <sup>35</sup>S-labeled sulfate showed that microbial communities of the Kamchatka hot springs are actively reducing sulfate. Both the cultivation experiments and the results of <i>dsrB</i> and 16S rRNA genes fragments analyses indicated the presence of microorganisms participating in the reductive part of the sulfur cycle. It was found that sulfate-reducing prokaryotes (SRP) belonging to <i>Desulfobacterota</i>, <i>Nitrospirota</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i> phyla inhabited neutral and slightly acidic hot springs, while bacteria of phylum <i>Thermodesulofobiota</i> preferred moderately acidic hot springs. In high-temperature acidic springs sulfate reduction was mediated by archaea of the phylum <i>Crenarchaeota</i>, chemoorganoheterotrophic representatives of genus <i>Vulcanisaeta</i> being the most probable candidates. The 16S rRNA taxonomic profiling showed that in most of the studied communities SRP was present only as a minor component. Only in one microbial community, the representatives of genus <i>Vulcanisaeta</i> comprised a significant group. Thus, in spite of comparatively low sulfate concentrations in terrestrial hot springs of the Kamchatka, phylogenetically and metabolically diverse groups of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes are operating there coupling carbon and sulfur cycles in these habitats.
INT230-6 shows strong synergy with anti-PD-1 and can induce high complete response rates with T cell memory response in a colon cancer mouse model (2015)

Meeting abstracts Intratumorally (IT) administered INT230-6 (a combination of cisplatin, vinblastine and an amphiphilic cell penetration excipient) induces complete responses (CR) in large established tumors, durable protection against re-inoculation, and the ability to shrink and/or resolve non-
Abstract 2414: Comparable effect of p53 peptide vaccine in adjuvant or pulsed on dendritic cells in ovarian cancer patients: A gynecologic oncology group study (2010)

Abstract Purpose: Peptide antigens have been administered by different approaches in cancer vaccine therapy, including direct injection or pulsed onto dendritic cells; however, the optimal delivery method is still debatable. In this study, we describe the immune response elicited by the wild-type (wt) p53 vaccine using two approaches. Experimental Design: Twenty-one HLA-A2.1 patients with stage III, IV, or recurrent ovarian cancer overexpressing the p53 protein with no evidence of disease were treated in two cohorts. Arm A received subcutaneous wt p53:264-272 peptide admixed with Montanide and GM-CSF. Arm B received wt p53:264-272 peptide-pulsed dendritic cells intravenously. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) was administered in both cohorts in alternative cycles. The immunologic response was assessed by ELISPOT and tetramer assays. Results: Nine of 13 patients (69%) in arm A and 5 of 6 patients (83%) in arm B had an immunologic response. The vaccine caused no serious systemic side effects. IL-2 administration resulted in grade 3 and 4 toxicities in both arms and directly induced expansion of T regulatory cells. The median overall survival was 40.8 and 29.6 months for arm A and B, respectively; the median progression-free survival was 4.2 and. 8.7 months, respectively. Conclusion: We demonstrated that using either vaccination approach could generate comparable specific immune responses against the wt p53 peptide with minimal toxicity. Accordingly, our findings support the utilization of the less demanding subcutaneous method. Furthermore, as IL-2 may add toxicity and induce T regulatory cells, which can suppress the immune response, therefore, it may not be needed in future trials. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2414.
Expression of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 1 (SOCS1) Impairs Viral Clearance and Exacerbates Lung Injury during Influenza Infection (2014)

Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are inducible feedback inhibitors of cytokine signaling. SOCS1-/- mice die within three weeks postnatally due to IFN-γ-induced hyperinflammation. Since it is well established that IFN-γ is dispensable for protection against influenza infection, we generated SOCS1-/-IFN-γ-/- mice to determine whether SOCS1 regulates antiviral immunity in vivo. Here we show that SOCS1-/-IFN-γ-/- mice exhibited significantly enhanced resistance to influenza infection, as evidenced by improved viral clearance, attenuated acute lung damage, and consequently increased survival rates compared to either IFN-γ-/- or WT animals. Enhanced viral clearance in SOCS1-/-IFN-γ-/- mice coincided with a rapid onset of adaptive immune responses during acute infection, while their reduced lung injury was associated with decreased inflammatory cell infiltration at the resolution phase of infection. We further determined the contribution of SOCS1-deficient T cells to antiviral immunity. Anti-CD4 antibody treatment of SOCS1-/-IFN-γ-/- mice had no significant effect on their enhanced resistance to influenza infection, while CD8+ splenocytes from SOCS1-/-IFN-γ-/- mice were sufficient to rescue RAG1-/- animals from an otherwise lethal infection. Surprisingly, despite their markedly reduced viral burdens, RAG1-/- mice reconstituted with SOCS1-/-IFN-γ-/- adaptive immune cells failed to ameliorate influenza-induced lung injury. In conclusion, in the absence of IFN-γ, the cytoplasmic protein SOCS1 not only inhibits adaptive antiviral immune responses but also exacerbates inflammatory lung damage. Importantly, these detrimental effects of SOCS1 are conveyed through discrete cell populations. Specifically, while SOCS1 expression in adaptive immune cells is sufficient to inhibit antiviral immunity, SOCS1 in innate/stromal cells is responsible for aggravated lung injury.
Diversity and geochemical community assembly processes of the living rare biosphere in a sand-and-gravel aquifer ecosystem in the Midwestern United States (2019)

Natural microbial communities consist of a limited number of abundant species and an extraordinarily diverse population of rare species referred to as the rare biosphere. Recent studies have revealed that the rare biosphere is not merely an inactive dormant population but may play substantial functional roles in the ecosystem. However, structure, activity and community assembly processes of the rare biosphere are poorly understood. In this study, we evaluated the present and living microbial community structures including rare populations in an aquifer ecosystem, the Mahomet Aquifer, USA, by both 16S rDNA and rRNA amplicon deep sequencing. The 13 groundwater samples formed three distinct groups based on the "entire" community structure, and the same grouping was obtained when focusing on the "rare" subcommunities (<0.1% of total abundance), while the "abundant" subcommunities (>1.0%) gave a different grouping. In the correlation analyses, the observed grouping pattern is associated with several geochemical factors, and structures of not only the entire community but also the rare subcommunity are correlated with geochemical profiles in the aquifer ecosystem. Our findings first indicate that the living rare biosphere in the aquifer system has the metabolic potential to adapt to local geochemical factors which dictate the community assembly processes.
Fundamental Study on Thermo-Hydraulics during Start-Up in Natural Circulation Boiling Water Reactors, (III) (1994)

The authors have been investigating the fundamentals of thermo-hydraulic instabilities which may appear during the start-up in natural circulation BWRs in order to understand their driving mechanisms and to examine the methods preventing their occurrence with an aim of establishing a rational start-up procedure and reactor configuration. In this paper, based on our proposed driving mechanisms of geysering and natural circulation oscillation, the effects of system pressure on their occurrences and features are investigated experimentally. It is made clear that an increase in the system pressure suppresses their occurrences. From the results, a consideration is drawn to understand the differences in the start-ups between thermal natural circulation boilers using fossil fuel and the Dodewaard reactor. Lastly, a rational start-up procedure to prevent their instabilities from occurring is recommended and a new idea of separator is proposed.
Nature‐Inspired Computing for Autonomic Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

This chapter presents how nature-inspired algorithms can affect the underlying design principles, enabling technologies, implementation, and management issues of autonomic wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It explains how WSN can benefit from autonomic mechanisms. The chapter provides a brief introduction to nature-inspired computing. It reviews several current nature-inspired techniques such as genetic algorithms (GA) and genetic programming (GP) to construct autonomic WSN. The chapter also presents the state-of-the-art techniques in those areas. It introduces several works such as bio-networking architecture, and biologically-inspired architecture for sensor NETworks (BiSNET) in which multiple biological principles are used to build fundamental frameworks for implementing autonomic WSNs. Self-organized mechanisms alleviate the dependence of sensors on a central controller and therefore help sensors to consume energy more efficiently in reaching the primary goal of WSNs to prolong their lifetime.
Solution‐phase synthesis of luminescent materials libraries (1997)

The application of combinatorial methods to the synthesis and characterization of novel materials is described for the case of solution‐phase synthesis of phosphors based on rare‐earth‐activated refractory metal oxides. A scanning multiinkjet system is shown to be suitable for the fabrication of a liberry such as (La m Gd 1‐ m )‐Al n O x :Eu , the photoluminescence image of part of which is shown in the Figure. magnified image
Effects of high-intensity progressive resistance training on self-reported health status in older persons with type 2 diabetes (2005)

\n\t\t\t\t\tPurpose: To evaluate the influence of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) on self-reported physical and mental health in older persons with type 2 diabetes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Methods: We performed a 12-month RCT with 36 overweight men and women with type 2 diabetes (aged 60-80 years) who were randomly assigned to a moderate weight-loss diet plus PRT (PRT&amp;amp;WL) or a moderate weight-loss diet plus a control (stretching) program (WL). Gymnasium-based training for 6 months was followed by an additional 6 months of home-based training. The SF-36 (v1) questionnaire was used to obtain physical (PCS) and mental (MCS) health component summary scores at baseline, 6 and 12 months.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Results: Subject retention was 81% and 72% after 6 and 12 months respectively. Exercise adherence during gymnasium- and home-based training was 88% and 73% for the PRT&amp;amp;WL group, and 85% and 78.1% for the WL group respectively. In a regression model adjusted for age and sex, PCS improved in the PRT&amp;amp;WL group compared to the WL group after 6 months of gymnasium-based training (2.3 versus -2.0, p = 0.05), which persisted after 12 months training (0.7 versus -4.1, p = 0.03). There were no between-group differences at 6 or 12 months for the MCS.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conclusion: High-intensity PRT was effective in improving self-reported physical health, but not mental health. PRT provides an effective exercise alternative in lifestyle management for older adults with type 2 diabetes.&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
Erratum for Amblard et al., “Novel Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulator Induces Potent Antiviral Responses In Vitro and in Humanized Mice” (2020)

Volume 64, no. 2, e01701-19, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.01701-19. Acknowledgments: the following conflict of interest declarations should be included in the Acknowledgments section. “R. F. Schinazi, F. Amblard, and L. Bassit along with Emory University are entitled to equity and royalties related to products licensed to Aligos Therapeutics, Inc., being further evaluated in the research described in this paper. The terms of this arrangement have been reviewed and approved by Emory University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies.”