gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaffold Translation: Barriers Between Concept and Clinic (2011)

Translation of scaffold-based bone tissue engineering (BTE) therapies to clinical use remains, bluntly, a failure. This dearth of translated tissue engineering therapies (including scaffolds) remains despite 25 years of research, research funding totaling hundreds of millions of dollars, over 12,000 papers on BTE and over 2000 papers on BTE scaffolds alone in the past 10 years (PubMed search). Enabling scaffold translation requires first an understanding of the challenges, and second, addressing the complete range of these challenges. There are the obvious technical challenges of designing, manufacturing, and functionalizing scaffolds to fill the Form, Fixation, Function, and Formation needs of bone defect repair. However, these technical solutions should be targeted to specific clinical indications (e.g., mandibular defects, spine fusion, long bone defects, etc.). Further, technical solutions should also address business challenges, including the need to obtain regulatory approval, meet specific market needs, and obtain private investment to develop products, again for specific clinical indications. Finally, these business and technical challenges present a much different model than the typical research paradigm, presenting the field with philosophical challenges in terms of publishing and funding priorities that should be addressed as well. In this article, we review in detail the technical, business, and philosophical barriers of translating scaffolds from Concept to Clinic. We argue that envisioning and engineering scaffolds as modular systems with a sliding scale of complexity offers the best path to addressing these translational challenges.
Synthesis of [3H]FPL 64176, a potent calcium channel activator (1994)

Abstract Tritium labelled FPL 64176 ( 1 , methyl 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐2‐(phenylmethyl)benzoyl]‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐3‐carboxylate), a potent calcium channel activator with insulinotropic properties was synthesized from the corresponding bromo derivative ( 3 ) using tritium gas and Pd/C catalyst. ( 3 ) was in turn prepared from methyl 2,5‐dimethylpyrrole‐3‐carboxylate ( 4 ) in a one pot procedure. The specific activity of [ 3 H]FPL 64176 was 38 mCi/mmol and radiochemical purity &gt;98%.
Nonlinear behaviors of low-temperature-grown GaAs based photodetectors at long telecommunication wavelength (∼1.3 μm) (2004)

We observed distinct nonlinear behaviors of bandwidth degradation in low-temperature-grown-GaAs based traveling-wave-photodetectors under long wavelength (/spl sim/1300 nm) operation. The disclosed unique material properties of LTG-GaAs at different excitation wavelengths are important for its applications in ultrafast optoelectronic and understanding its carrier dynamics in the defect states.
Anatomic Position of a Herniated Nucleus Pulposus Predicts the Outcome of Lumbar Discectomy (1996)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the anatomic position of a lumbar disc herniation has any significant effect on the clinical outcome of lumbar discectomy. Between January 1988 and March 1993, 80 patients with simple disc herniations underwent lumbar discectomy for herniated nucleus pulposus. We reviewed preoperative computed tomography scans after discography and magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine. Disc herniations were classified as central, paracentral, intraforaminal, extraforaminal, or multiregional broad-based protrusions. The Smiley-Webster evaluation scale, which divided patients into groups with excellent, good, fair, and poor clinical outcome and evaluated the long-term need for pain medication, was applied. The post-operative evaluation period ranged from 6 to 48 months. The clinical outcome was then correlated with the different positions of herniations. The frequencies of the clinical outcomes were compared using the chi 2 test. We found a poorer clinical outcome that was statistically significant in patients with central herniations and with multiregional protrusions. Most herniations occurred at the L4-L5 level (58.7%). However, the level of disc herniation was not found to be a predictor of clinical outcome. Form and anatomic position of the lumbar disc herniation are of prognostic value for the outcome of lumbar discectomy. Further studies are required to confirm our preliminary results and eventually help improve surgical indications for lumbar discectomy.
Residue growth on metallic hard mask after dielectric etching in fluorocarbon based plasmas. II. Solutions (2011)

Metallic hard mask architecture becomes an integration of choice for an advanced back end of the line interconnect technology node. However, one of the main integration issues is the growth of residue (titanium based compounds) after dielectric etching. In this article, the authors study the efficiency of different in situ postetch plasma treatments such as hydrogen, oxygen, and methane based plasmas, which are investigated in order to prevent the residue formation. The efficiency of those plasma treatments is demonstrated for a C045 dual-damascene level technology using a trench first hard mask integration with a porous SiOCH dielectric (porosity of 25%, k=2.5, deposited by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition). The authors show that they strongly improve the yield after a 1 day air exposure. Complementary x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyses performed on blanket titanium nitride wafers revealed that oxygen or hydrogen based plasmas act on the kinetics of residue formation by removing the fluorine species concentration on top of the titanium nitride layer. On the other hand, with methane based chemistry, the formation of a carbon and nitrogen based passivation layer on top of the titanium nitride layer prevents a reaction with air moisture and thus leads to a residue free surface. The authors also show that the methane based in situ postetch treatment presents superior efficiency than any other investigated chemistries since its efficiency to limit residue growth is independent of fluorocarbon etching process conditions.
<title>Correction method for shift-variant characteristics of the SPECT measurement system</title> (1997)

SPECT imaging system has shift-variant characteristics due to nonuniform attenuation of gamma-ray, collimator design, scattered photons, etc. In order to provide quantitatively accurate SPECT images, these shift-variant characteristics should be compensated in reconstruction. This paper presents a method to correct the shift-variant characteristics based on a continuous-discrete mapping model. In the proposed method, the projection data are modified using sensitivity functions so that filtered backprojection (FBP) method can be applied. Since the projection data are assumed to be acquired by narrow ray sum beams in the FBP method, narrow ray sum beams are approximated by a weighted sum of sensitivity functions of the measurement system, then the actual projection data are corrected by the weighting factors. Finally, FBP method is applied to the corrected projection data and a SPECT image is reconstructed. Since the proposed method requires the inversion of smaller matrices than the conventional algebraic methods, the amounts of calculation and memory space become smaller, and the stability of the calculation is greatly improved as well. The results of the numerical simulations are also demonstrated.
Clusterin CSF Levels in Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders (S27.007) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of clusterin and to compare these levels among patients with probable PD, PDD, DLB, AD, PSP, MSA and a control group. BACKGROUND: Clusterin, a heterodimeric glycoprotein, is thought to be involved in many cellular physiological functions, including cell-cell interaction, cell survival and apoptosis. The increase of clusterin in brain tissue is thought to reflect a regenerative response process. It has been reported that clusterin is associated with many degenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Finding in vivo markers could help in the differential diagnosis of these neurodegenerative (ND) diseases. DESIGN/METHODS: CSF levels of clusterin were assessed in 122 patients (23 patients with PD, 18 with PDD, 15 with DLB, 17 with AD, 16 with PSP, 12 with MSA and 21 subjects as a control group). RESULTS: Significantly higher clusterin CSF levels in PD and PDD patients compared to the control group (p = 0.028, resp. p = 0.016) and also compared to MSA (p = 0.003, resp. p = 0.001) were found. Significantly higher clusterin CSF levels were also found between AD and MSA (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: The results of the presented study support the role of clusterin in PD pathogenesis. Clusterin CSF levels could serve as a potential marker for PDD and DLB differentiation. Study Supported by: Grant IGA MHCR NT 12221-5/2011
中学校における新しい国際交流プログラムの開発II : Exploris Middle School・Odyssey Schoolとの交流を通して (2010)

本研究では, アメリカのExploris Middle Schoolの来日交流及びOdyssey Schoolとの宮島交流による実践を通して, 中学校における新しい国際交流プログラムの指針を示そうとした。2008年度の研究結果から, 語学力が充分でない中学生が国際交流を進めるためには, 伝えたい内容を明確にする指導・支援が必要であることが分かった。今年度は2008年度の成果を踏まえ, 双方の中学生に共通のテーマを持たせ参加型の交流を設定し, 最終的な目標達成に向けて意思疎通ができることに重点を置いた。活動内容に伴って相互理解の質が変容することが明確になった。
Streptococcus suis Capsular Polysaccharide Inhibits Phagocytosis through Destabilization of Lipid Microdomains and Prevents Lactosylceramide-Dependent Recognition (2011)

Streptococcus suis type 2 is a major swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent, causing meningitis in both swine and humans. S. suis infects the host through the respiratory route, reaches the bloodstream, and persists until breaching into the central nervous system. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of S. suis type 2 is considered a key virulence factor of the bacteria. Though CPS allows S. suis to adhere to the membrane of cells of the immune system, it provides protection against phagocytosis. In fact, nonencapsulated mutants are easily internalized and killed by macrophages and dendritic cells. The objective of this work was to study the molecular mechanisms by which the CPS of S. suis prevents phagocytosis. By using latex beads covalently linked with purified CPS, it was shown that CPS itself was sufficient to inhibit entry of both latex beads and bystander fluorescent beads into macrophages. Upon contact with macrophages, encapsulated S. suis was shown to destabilize lipid microdomains at the cell surface, to block nitric oxide (NO) production during infection, and to prevent lactosylceramide accumulation at the phagocytic cup during infection. In contrast, the nonencapsulated mutant was easily internalized via lipid rafts, in a filipin-sensitive manner, leading to lactosylceramide recruitment and strong NO production. This is the first report to identify a role for CPS in lipid microdomain stability and to recognize an interaction between S. suis and lactosylceramide in phagocytes.
COVID-19 and the eye (2020)

As evidence on COVID-19 continues to emerge, its impact on the eyes is becoming more apparent, leading to a better understanding of ocular manifestations and transmission. This article details the recent information regarding COVID-19 from an ophthalmologic context, including prevalence, clinical features, impact on the clinic logistics, and key information for practitioners.
Effect of interwall interaction on the electronic structure of double-walled carbon nanotubes (2015)

Through this study, the results of density functional theory calculations within the local density approximation of the electronic structure of zigzag-zigzag double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs), with chiral indices (n, 0)@(m, 0) for n = 7-15, and m = 15-26, has been presented and the effects of interwall interaction and orbital hybridization on the electronic structure of these systems has been discussed. It was observed that the electronic band gap of the aforementioned DWCNTs depends on the interwall distance only for metallic-semiconductor configurations and on the intrinsic properties of the constituent tubes in all other combinations. It was also observed that the calculated band gap for most of the metallic-metallic DWCNTs was smaller than semiconductor-metallic, metallic-semiconductor, and semiconductor-semiconductor configurations. Metallic-semiconductor DWCNTs were found to be desirable for band gap tuning applications because of their dependence on interwall distance, opening up the possibility of using such systems in electronic device applications, such as transistors. Other applications include the use of DWCNTs in macroscopic carbon nanotube conducting wires, for which metallic-metallic and semiconducting-metallic zigzag-zigzag DWCNTs were found to be the most desirable configurations due to their small band gaps.
Catalyst assessment for upgrading short contact time SRC (solvent-refined coal) to low-sulfur boiler fuels (1980)

Of nine catalysts tested in a fixed-bed pilot unit for upgrading a 50% West Kentucky SRC recycle solvent blend, best desulfurization and deoxygenation activities were obtained with proprietary catalysts, Mobil HCL-2 and HCL-3, American Cyanamid's commercial HDS-1443, and Harshaw's commercial 618X catalyst. The activities depended in part on the presence of macropores. The best Conradson carbon residue reduction was obtained with Mobil HCL-2 and HCL-3, and with Amoco'/s developmental catalyst Amocat 1B. The highest polar asphaltene conversion was obtained with Amocat 1B and HDS-1443. The lowest hydrogen consumption as a function of total liquid product sulfur content occurred with HCL-2, HDS-1443, and Amocat 1A. An aging run with Amocat 1A was operated smoothly for 15 days at 2000 psig and 775/sup 0/F, and then terminated owing to incipient reactor plugging; a simple deactivation equation correctly predicted the degree of desulfurization with time on stream, which was equivalent to a 2/sup 0/ to 3/sup 0/F/day temperature rise for maintaining constant product sulfur levels. The deposits formed on the catalysts were analyzed.
Virtual Heritage Expo: Joint presentation of research work and historic artefacts (2019)

Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft for the advancement of applied research has created a “Virtual Heritage Expo” as a contribution to the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018: It consists of several virtual exhibition halls presenting the research and technology development performed at Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft for the protection of historic monuments and artefacts. Over hundred individual objects, 3D models of significant artefacts from 20,000 years of human history, virtual projection screens and complex installations are used in this exhibition. The Virtual Heritage Expo can be visited in two ways: By individual visits using Virtual Reality glasses or as a multi-user experience, by watching a virtual tour on an ultra-high resolution (2000 × 7000 pixel) curved screen. Different technologies have been used to create the content for these virtual experiences: Render engines for high resolution CGI, Lidar and 3D scanners for scanning 3D objects, 360° cameras with up to 10.000 × 3.500 pixel resolution and a volumetric studio, to create dynamic 3D models of persons.
Molecular adaptation to resistance exercise (2022)

In Chapter seven, we defined the signal transduction theory of exercise adaptation. The present chapter builds on this theory and focuses specifically on the molecular responses to resistance exercise and adaptation to training. In summary, resistance exercise training uses different strategies to increase muscle mass and strength. Loading to failure at any weight increases muscle mass, in part by increasing mTORC1 pathway activity in almost all the fibres within the muscle, resulting in increased myofibrillar protein synthesis and muscle hypertrophy. Adding leucine-rich protein with training augments the increase in muscle size by activating mTORC1 using a distinct mechanism. Beyond mTORC1, load to failure results in muscle-specific inhibition of myostatin signalling through the cleavage of Notch, and the activation of Akt and the production of E3 ubiquitin ligases that increase protein turnover and the addition of sarcomeres in parallel. Lifting a heavy weight is needed to maximise strength changes since this increases neural drive to the muscle and improves force transfer through the load-dependent activation of the ERK/Egr1 pathway. Resistance exercise can induce muscle injury, and serious muscle injury requires resident stem cells (satellite cells) to fully repair. Furthermore, when muscle fibres increase in cross-sectional area beyond ˜1,000 µm2, these same satellite cells are recruited to provide the greater transcriptional and translational capacities needed to support the larger cells. Together, these molecular effectors (mTORC1, myostatin, Akt, ERK and satellite cells) transduce the signal of high load from resistance exercise into a coordinated increase in muscle size and strength.
Efficient Organic EL Devices with New Electron Transport Materials (2003)

Highly Efficient EL devices were obtained by the use of new electron transport materials. The efficiency over 15 cd/A was achieved in the light blue region. Furthermore, the driving voltage dramatically decreased, and the luminance of 307 nit was measured at a very low voltage of 3.5 V. As a result, the peak luminous efficiency of 13 1lm/W was successfully obtained at a luminance of 307 nit.
CCDC 176657: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2002)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Spread-Spectrum Clock Generator for Serial ATA with Multi-Bit Modulator-Controlled Fractional PLL (2006)

We have developed a spread-spectrum Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) for serial Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) applications. We investigated the relation between the output jitter of PLLs in serial ATA applications and ΣΔ modulators in PLLs. On the basis of this study, we developed a spread-spectrum PLL for serial ATA applications and achieved a combination of small jitter and large electromagnetic interference (EMI) peak power reduction. This was achieved using two key components: multi-bit SA-controlled PLL and voltage-controlled oscillation with cross-coupled load delay cells. Using a 0.15-μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process, we fabricated a complete serial ATA transceiver featuring a spread-spectrum clock generator (SSCG). We achieved a spread-spectrum PLL with 10-dB EMI reduction and 8.1 ps random jitter for use in serial ATA applications. All other measured results for SSCG performance were very good and showed that the spread-spectrum generator more than satisfies serial ATA specifications.
Using NLG and Sensors to Support Personal Narrative for Children with Complex Communication Needs (2010)

computing.dundee.ac.uk We are building a tool that helps children with Complex Communication Needs 1 (CCN) to create stories about their day at school. The tool uses Natural Language Generation (NLG) technology to create a draft story based on sensor data of the child’s activities, which the child can edit. This work is still in its early stages, but we believe it has great potential to support interactive personal narrative which is not well supported by current Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) tools. 1
Supplementary Table 3 from PD-1 and Tim-3 Regulate the Expansion of Tumor Antigen–Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Induced by Melanoma Vaccines (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 78K, Ex vivo frequencies of cytolytic molecule-expressing and CD107a+ NY-ESO-1 157-165-specific CD8+ T cells before and after vaccination with either MHC class I peptide alone (arm 1), or both MHC class I and class II peptides (arm 2).&lt;/p&gt;
Unleash Stranded Power in Data Centers with RackPacker (2009)

Data center infrastructures are highly underutilized on average. Typically, a data center manager computes the number of servers his facility can host by dividing the total power capacity of each rack by an assigned “peak power rating ” for each server. However, this scheme suffers from the weakness of all static provisioning schemes – it does not account for the variability of load on the servers. We propose an algorithm that studies the power consumption behavior of the servers over time and suggests optimal ways to combine them in racks to maximize rack power utilization. Our algorithm – RackPacker – smooths aggregate rack power utilization by grouping together servers that are unlikely to peak together. Our evaluation of RackPacker on data from an MSN Messenger deployment shows substantially superior results than static packing. 1
Learning reference-enriched approach towards large scale active ontology alignment and integration (2017)

With the increasing number of ontologies being designed to represent and manage knowledge in all sorts of sectors, ontology alignment and integration become more and more important in aggregating intelligent efforts on homogenous and heterogeneous data. From the computational perspective, it is challenging due to the ubiquitous existence of diverse classifications of same data. In this paper, we propose an active ontology integration and alignment system, which plugs in expandable learning reference context pool. In the reference context pool, we have integrated WordNet, MeSH, and external curated mapping sources (ICD9 to SNOMEDCT) with an extension to injecting UMLS. The active ontology integration and alignment system takes account of not only subsumption tree but also directed acyclic graph underlying ontologies. It allows 1) finding exact one-to-one matching terms of pairwise ontologies, 2) finding inexact one-to-one term mappings, where two terms have at least a concept in common on basis of the lexical context, and 3) finding one-to-many concept mappings, where one concept can be lexically mapped to the combination of multiple exclusive concepts.
Thermal-MechanicalLife Prediction System for Anisotropic TurbineComponents (2005)

Abstract Modern gas turbine engines provide large amounts of thrust and withstand severe thermal-mechanical conditions during the load and mission operations characterized by cyclic transients and long dwell times. All these operational factors can be detrimental to the service life of turbine components and need careful consideration. Engine components subject to the harshest environments are turbine high-pressure vanes and rotating blades. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a turbine component three-dimensional life prediction system, which accounts for mission transients, anisotropic material properties, and multi-axial, thermal-mechanical, strain, and stress fields. This paper presents a complete life prediction approach for either commercial missions or more complex military missions, which includes evaluation of component transient metal temperatures, resolved maximum shear stresses and strains, and subsequent component life capability for fatigue and creep damage. The procedure is based on considering all of the time steps in the mission profile by developing a series of extreme points that envelop every point in the mission. Creep damage is factored into the component capability by debiting thermal-mechanical accumulated cycles using the traditional Miner’s rule for accumulated fatigue and creep damage. Application of this methodology is illustrated to the design of the NASA Energy Efficient Engine (E3) high pressure turbine blade with operational load shakedown leading to stress relaxation on the external hot surfaces and potential state of overstress in the inner cold rib regions of the airfoil.