gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution fast temperature mapping of a gas turbine combustor simulator with femtosecond infrared laser written fiber Bragg gratings (2017)

Femtosecond infrared (fs-IR) written fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), have demonstrated great potential for extreme sensing. Such conditions are inherent to the advanced gas turbine engines under development to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; and the ability to measure temperature gradients in these harsh environments is currently limited by the lack of sensors and controls capable of withstanding the high temperature, pressure and corrosive conditions present. This paper discusses fabrication and deployment of several fs-IR written FBG arrays, for monitoring the sidewall and exhaust temperature gradients of a gas turbine combustor simulator. Results include: contour plots of measured temperature gradients contrasted with thermocouple data, discussion of deployment strategies and comments on reliability.
Nitric Oxide Is Involved in the Regulation of the Ascorbate–Glutathione Cycle Induced by the Appropriate Ammonium: Nitrate to Mitigate Low Light Stress in Brassica pekinensis (2019)

Low light intensity is common in northern China due to fog or haze, and causes stress for crop plants. To solve the problem of low light intensity stress on the growth and development of vegetable crops in China, new cropping strategies must be developed. We previously showed that an appropriate ratio of ammonium and nitrate (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>:NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) can alleviate the effect of low light stress on plants, although it is not clear what mechanism is involved in this alleviation. We propose the hypothesis that an appropriate ammonium/nitrate ratio (10:90) can induce NO synthesis to regulate the AsA-GSH cycle in mini Chinese cabbage seedlings under low light intensity. To test the hypothesis, we conducted a series of hydroponic experiments. The results indicated that, under low light intensity conditions, appropriate NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>:NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (N, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>:NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> = 10:90) decreased the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>), and superoxide anion (O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>) in leaves compared with nitrate treatment. Exogenous nitric oxide (SNP) had the same effects on MDA, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. However, with the addition of a NO scavenger (hemoglobin, Hb) and NO inhibitors (N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, L-NAME), NaN<sub>3</sub> (NR inhibitor) significantly increased the contents of MDA, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. The application of N solution enhanced the AsA-GSH cycle by increasing the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and ascorbate oxidase (AAO), compared with control (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>:NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> = 0:100). Meanwhile, exogenous SNP significantly increased the above indicators. All these effects of N on AsA-GSH cycle were inhibited by the addition of Hb, L-NAME and NaN<sub>3</sub> in N solution. The results also revealed that the N and SNP treatments upregulated the relative expression level of <i>GR, MDHAR1, APXT, DHAR2</i>, and <i>AAO</i> gene in mini Chinese cabbage leaves under low light stress. These results demonstrated that the appropriate NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>:NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> (10:90) induced NO synthesis which regulates the AsA-GSH cycle in mini Chinese cabbage seedlings under low light stress.
Chapter 4. Innovative Design of Antimicrobial Photosensitizers (2011)

In recent years the desirable structural features of effective antimicrobial photosensitizers (PS) have become better understood. In addition to the normal requirements of a efficient PS such as a high absorption band in the red/NIR region of the spectrum and a good triplet yield that allows production of reactive oxygen species upon illumination, additional molecular features are needed. The most important structural feature is either a constitutive cationic charge provided by quaternary nitrogen groups or a set of basic amino groups provided by a cationic polymer. Additional features may include a correct balance between lipophilicity and hydrophilicity and a certain degree of molecular asymmetry. This chapter will review four groups of antimicrobial PS that our laboratory has published: (A) conjugates between PS and poly-L-lysine or polyethylenimine; (B) cationic functionalized fullerenes; (C) cationic functionalized bacteriochlorins; (D) chalcogen substituted benzo[a]phenoxazinium dyes.
High power edge-emitting light emitting diodes at 1.5 μm with extremely low back facet feedback (2002)

This paper describes novel semiconductor sources for optical low coherence reflectometry (OLCR), a measurement technique for characterizing device and fiber reflections with high sensitivity and high spatial resolution. Lasers and conventional superluminescent LEDs are not suitable for OLCR because strong reflections from the back facets mask weak reflection signals from the device or fiber under test. Even standard edge emitting LEDs (EELEDs) show significant reflections, which have limited the dynamic range of previous measurements. Low source output powers have also limited sensitivity. In order to obtain high power while minimizing internal reflections, a high single pass gain device is required. The record combination of high power and low internal reflections of the InGaAsP EELEDs reported here significantly expands the dynamic range and sensitivity of LED based reflectometry at 1.5 /spl mu/m. This work also compares the characteristics of quantum well and bulk EELEDs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Selective retention of EBV-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in tissues. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Virus-specific cells were determined by staining single cell suspensions with soluble peptide-MHC complexes (dextramers). (A) The graphs show the normal range and the line at mean value for each virus-specific population in blood (blue), spleen (red) and tonsils (orange). (B) Representative flow cytometry plots show the dual expression of CD69 and CD103 on EBV and CMV-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells in blood, spleen and tonsils. (C) Graphs show the proportions of CD69&lt;sup&gt;—&lt;/sup&gt;CD103&lt;sup&gt;—&lt;/sup&gt;, CD69&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD103&lt;sup&gt;—&lt;/sup&gt;and CD69&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD103&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; EBV-specific and CMV-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells from spleen and tonsils. Data is presented as the mean ± SEM of n = 5 (for EBV specific cells in tonsils and CMV-specific cells in spleen), n = 6 (EBV-specific cells in spleen) and n = 3 (CMV-specific cells in tonsils) different samples. (D) Representative flow cytometry overlayed histogram plots show no difference in the expression of HLA-DR between CD69&lt;sup&gt;—&lt;/sup&gt;(blue) and CD69&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; (red) EBV-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells in the tonsils (left) and spleen (right).&lt;/p&gt;
3D Visualisierung von Organismen. (2012)

S.1535-1545
Syndecan-2 Attenuates Radiation-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis and Inhibits Fibroblast Activation by Regulating PI3K/Akt/ROCK Pathway via CD148 (2017)

Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a severe complication of patients treated with thoracic irradiation. We have previously shown that syndecan-2 reduces fibrosis by exerting alveolar epithelial cytoprotective effects. Here, we investigate whether syndecan-2 attenuates radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting fibroblast activation. C57BL/6 wild-type mice and transgenic mice that overexpress human syndecan-2 in alveolar macrophages were exposed to 14 Gy whole-thoracic radiation. At 24 weeks after irradiation, lungs were collected for histological, protein, and mRNA evaluation of pulmonary fibrosis, profibrotic gene expression, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression. Mouse lung fibroblasts were activated with transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 in the presence or absence of syndecan-2. Cell proliferation, migration, and gel contraction were assessed at different time points. Irradiation resulted in significantly increased mortality and pulmonary fibrosis in wild-type mice that was associated with elevated lung expression of TGF-β1 downstream target genes and cell death compared with irradiated syndecan-2 transgenic mice. In mouse lung fibroblasts, syndecan-2 inhibited α-SMA expression, cell contraction, proliferation, and migration induced by TGF-β1. Syndecan-2 attenuated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling and serum response factor binding to the α-SMA promoter. Syndecan-2 attenuates pulmonary fibrosis in mice exposed to radiation and inhibits TGF-β1-induced fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation, migration, and proliferation by down-regulating phosphoinositide 3-kinase/serine/threonine kinase/Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase signaling and blocking serum response factor binding to the α-SMA promoter via CD148. These findings suggest that syndecan-2 has potential as an antifibrotic therapy in radiation-induced lung fibrosis.
Hetero-trans-β-Glucanase Produces Cellulose–Xyloglucan Covalent Bonds in the Cell Walls of Structural Plant Tissues and Is Stimulated by Expansin (2020)

Current cell-wall models assume no covalent bonding between cellulose and hemicelluloses such as xyloglucan or mixed-linkage β-d-glucan (MLG). However, Equisetum hetero-trans-β-glucanase (HTG) grafts cellulose onto xyloglucan oligosaccharides (XGOs) - and, we now show, xyloglucan polysaccharide - in vitro, thus exhibiting CXE (cellulose:xyloglucan endotransglucosylase) activity. In addition, HTG also catalyzes MLG-to-XGO bonding (MXE activity). In this study, we explored the CXE action of HTG in native plant cell walls and tested whether expansin exposes cellulose to HTG by disrupting hydrogen bonds. To quantify and visualize CXE and MXE action, we assayed the sequential release of HTG products from cell walls pre-labeled with substrate mimics. We demonstrated covalent cellulose-xyloglucan bonding in plant cell walls and showed that CXE and MXE action was up to 15% and 60% of total transglucanase action, respectively, and peaked in aging, strengthening tissues: CXE in xylem and cells bordering intercellular canals and MXE in sclerenchyma. Recombinant bacterial expansin (EXLX1) strongly augmented CXE activity in vitro. CXE and MXE action in living Equisetum structural tissues potentially strengthens stems, while expansin might augment the HTG-catalyzed CXE reaction, thereby allowing efficient CXE action in muro. Our methods will enable surveys for comparable reactions throughout the plant kingdom. Furthermore, engineering similar hetero-polymer formation into angiosperm crop plants may improve certain agronomic traits such as lodging tolerance.
Unconventional T‐cell recognition of an arthritogenic epitope of proteoglycan aggrecan released from degrading cartilage (2015)

It has been proposed that peptide epitopes bind to MHC class II molecules to form distinct structural conformers of the same MHC II-peptide complex termed type A and type B, and that the two conformers of the same peptide-MHC II complex are recognized by distinct CD4 T cells, termed type A and type B T cells. Both types recognize short synthetic peptides but only type A recognize endosomally processed intact antigen. Type B T cells that recognize self peptides from exogenously degraded proteins have been shown to escape negative selection during thymic development and so have the potential to contribute to the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. We generated and characterized mouse CD4 T cells specific for an arthritogenic epitope of the candidate joint autoantigen proteoglycan aggrecan. Cloned T-cell hybridomas specific for a synthetic peptide containing the aggrecan epitope showed two distinct response patterns based on whether they could recognize processed intact aggrecan. Fine mapping demonstrated that both types of T-cell recognized the same core epitope. The results are consistent with the generation of aggrecan-specific type A and type B T cells. Type B T cells were activated by supernatants released from degrading cartilage, indicating the presence of antigenic extracellular peptides or fragments of aggrecan. Type B T cells could play a role in the pathogenesis of proteoglycan-induced arthritis in mice, a model for rheumatoid arthritis, by recognizing extracellular peptides or protein fragments of joint autoantigens released by inflamed cartilage.
ALYSIS AND OPTIMIZATION OF A PqATURAL DRAFT HEAT SINK SYSTEM (1996)

An analytical solution for a system consisting of a parallel-plate, isothermal heat sink and a chimney is presented The result is applied to problems in which the size of the overall system is constrained. A ridge of maximum total heat transfer is observed with respect to the channel width and heat sink height. The ridge suggests that heat sink size may be reduced without diminishing thermal performance for natural draft cooling The flow characteristics of optimal systems reveal that systems with and without chimneys dissipate maximum heat when the velocity profiles within the heat sink are fully developed and developing, respectively.
A training-testing approach to the molecular classification of resected non-small cell lung cancer. (2003)

These results demonstrate that gene expression profiling can identify molecular classes of resected NSCLCs that correctly classifies a blinded test cohort, and correlates with and supplements standard histological evaluation.
Allosteric inhibition of HTRA1 activity by a conformational lock mechanism to treat age-related macular degeneration (2022)

The trimeric serine protease HTRA1 is a genetic risk factor associated with geographic atrophy (GA), a currently untreatable form of age-related macular degeneration. Here, we describe the allosteric inhibition mechanism of HTRA1 by a clinical Fab fragment, currently being evaluated for GA treatment. Using cryo-EM, X-ray crystallography and biochemical assays we identify the exposed LoopA of HTRA1 as the sole Fab epitope, which is approximately 30 Å away from the active site. The cryo-EM structure of the HTRA1:Fab complex in combination with molecular dynamics simulations revealed that Fab binding to LoopA locks HTRA1 in a non-competent conformational state, incapable of supporting catalysis. Moreover, grafting the HTRA1-LoopA epitope onto HTRA2 and HTRA3 transferred the allosteric inhibition mechanism. This suggests a conserved conformational lock mechanism across the HTRA family and a critical role of LoopA for catalysis, which was supported by the reduced activity of HTRA1-3 upon LoopA deletion or perturbation. This study reveals the long-range inhibition mechanism of the clinical Fab and identifies an essential function of the exposed LoopA for activity of HTRA family proteases.
Modeling and SPICE simulation of CdS-pentacene hybrid CMOS TFTs (2012)

In this work we demonstrate that the unified model and parameter extraction method (UMEM) can be used to describe the behavior of hybrid complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor thin film transistors (CMOS TFTs) fabricated with cadmium sulfide (CdS) and pentacene as n-type and p-type active layer, respectively. Both devices were fabricated using a bottom gate configuration and top source-drain (SD) contacts. In particular, we describe the effect of semiconductor defects using the effective medium approximation, which considers a localized charge distribution in the bandgap of the semiconductor. Extracted parameters from UMEM were used in HSPICE to simulate the CMOS inverters fabricated previously by our group.
Photon Limitations in Imaging and Image Restoration (1977)

Abstract : This report describes progress made in image quality factors, limiting performance of speckle and amplitude interferometry, and formulation of a least-squares filtering problem for space-variant degradations. This work is in photon-limited imaging systems, their limitations, and the restorability of their imagery.
Lactic-co-glycolic acid-coated methylene blue nanoparticles with enhanced antibacterial activity for efficient wound healing (2020)

Effective wound healing has been demonstrated using lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid (PLGA)-coated methylene blue nanoparticles (MPNPs) as a novel susceptible agent for photodynamic antibacterial therapy. Compared with methylene blue (MB) solution, MPNPs have a significantly improved antibacterial effect <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. The enhanced antibacterial effect is achieved through increased singlet oxygen generation in MPNPs compared to that of MB solution, as a result of the decreased aggregation-induced quenching (ACQ) effect of the MPNPs. The mouse skin infection model experiment proved that MPNP has good antibacterial effects and promotes wound healing.
Uncertainty Velocity Obstacle Avoidance for sUAS Trajectory Planning in a 2D Plane (2020)

To guarantee safe autonomous navigation of multiple small unmanned aircraft systems (sUAS) operating within a limited airspace, collision avoidance algorithms must be robust to uncertainties in aircraft states. The velocity obstacle (VO) concept is a popular avoidance algorithm which uses a collision cone to effectively determine if two objects will collide in the near future. The VO method is a reactive algorithm that allows for avoidance of dynamic obstacles. This paper proposes a novel approach, the uncertainty velocity obstacle (UVO) method, to enhance the decentralized VO collision avoidance method by addressing uncertainties in the position and velocity of moving obstacles. A scenario is presented to illustrate the utility of this method for an sUAS encountering other cooperating vehicles. In this scenario the vehicles use global positioning system (GPS) messages to communicate position and velocity between cooperative vehicles. Each vehicle uses these states in a constant-jerk Kalman filter to estimate other vehicles' positions and velocities. Numerical simulations show that UVO enhances a vehicle's ability to avoid collisions when operating in uncertain environments.
Investigation into the Effect of Multi-Component Coal Blends on Properties of Metallurgical Coke via Petrographic Analysis under Industrial Conditions (2022)

The coalification rank of the coal blend components and their caking properties initially impact the coke’s quality. In part, the quality of coke depends on the technological parameters of the coke production technology, such as the method of blend preparation, the coking condition, the design features of the coke ovens, and the technique used for post-oven treatment. Therefore, to improve the coke quality, the main attention is paid to the quality of the coal blend. The petrographic analysis is the simplest and most reliable way to control coal quality indicators under industrial conditions. In this paper, the effect of nine industrial blends on coke quality using petrographic analysis has been studied. Additionally, this paper addresses the efficient use of coals and the preparation of coal mixtures under industrial conditions, which contributes to the sustainability of cokemaking. For the preparation of blends, 17 coals were used, for which, in addition to petrographic and proximate analyzes, the maximum thickness of the plastic layer was determined. Industrially produced cokes were analyzed for coke reactivity index (CRI), coke strength after reaction with CO2 (CSR), and Micum indices (M25 and M10). It has been established that the petrographic properties of coal blends are reliable parameters for assessing the quality of coke under conditions of an unstable raw material base, multi-component blends, and changes in coking regimes. Moreover, the research results have shown that to ensure the rational use of coals in the preparation of coal blends to achieve the required coke quality and consequently the sustainability of cokemaking, it is necessary to consider not only the mean reflectance of vitrinite but the proximate and caking properties of coals.
Metallothioneins negatively regulate IL-27–induced type 1 regulatory T-cell differentiation (2013)

IL-27-induced type 1 regulatory T (Tr1) cells suppress autoimmunity by producing IL-10. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and STAT3 have been described as key transcription factors that promote IL-10 secretion from Tr1 cells induced by IL-27. However, the molecular pathways for negatively regulating Tr1 cell differentiation remain elusive. Here, we show that IL-27 induces metallothioneins (MTs) that in turn prevent Tr1 cell development. MT expression leads to the reduction of STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation under Tr1 differentiation condition, resulting in impaired IL-10 production. Accordingly, Tr1 cells derived from MT-deficient mice showed an increased ability to produce IL-10 and potently suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis upon adoptive transfer. Moreover, activation of STAT1 and/or STAT3 can overcome the suppression of IL-10 by MTs, indicating a dynamic balance between STATs and MTs in regulating IL-10 during Tr1 cell differentiation.
MMSE detection of multi-carrier CDMA (2003)

Minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) detection of multi-carrier code-division multiple-access (CDMA) signals is investigated in this paper. The performance of two different design strategies for MMSE detection is compared. In one case, the MMSE filters are designed separately for each carrier while in the other case the optimization of the filters is done jointly. Naturally, the joint optimization produces a better receiver, but the difference in performance is shown to be substantial. A mechanism is then developed to track the channel fading parameters for all the users' signals so that joint optimization of the receiver filters is possible in a time-varying channel. Simulation results show that the performance of this receiver is close to ideal theoretical results for moderate vehicle speeds, those for which the normalized Doppler rate is below one percent.
Multiset rewriting and the complexity of bounded security protocols (2004)

We formalize the Dolev–Yao model of security protocols, using a notation based on multiset rewriting with existentials. The goals are to provide a simple formal notation for describing security protocols, to formalize the assumptions of the Dolev–Yao model using this notation, and to analyze the complexity of the secrecy problem under various restrictions. We prove that, even for the case where we restrict the size of messages and the depth of message encryption, the secrecy problem is undecidable for the case of an unrestricted number of protocol roles and an unbounded number of new nonces. We also identify several decidable classes, including a DEXP-complete class when the number of nonces is restricted, and an NP-complete class when both the number of nonces and the number of roles is restricted. We point out a remaining open complexity problem, and discuss the implications these results have on the general topic of protocol analysis.