gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance and inter-blade flow of axial flow fans with different blade angles of attack (2011)

The predictions of fan performance on the pressure and flow rate characteristics of the axial flow fans using the conventional computational flow dynamics (CFD) approaches generally show a large deviation of about 20–30% from the experimental results. This article modifies the conventional CFD approaches by engaging the flow resistance of the fan test bench on the downstream area of the computational domain. The downstream pressure and flow rate are adjusted iteratively during the computational process. The results show that the prediction deviations using this method can be reduced to at most 3%, which is a great improvement compared to the conventional method. The inter-blade flows of three axial flow fans with different blade angles of attack are subsequently studied using this method. The results show that the flow patterns are drastically sensitive to the variation of the blade angle of attack, and the fan performances are closely related to the inter-blade flow behaviors. In the pre-stall regime, inappropriately designed blade angle of attack would cause the inter-blade flows in the region near the blade tip and the flows in the tip clearance region to present larger lateral and smaller axial velocity components with recirculation bubbles near the blade trailing edges. These flow behaviors cause the degradation of the fan performance. In the stall regime, boundary layer separation occurs to the suction surface of fan blades. Large recirculation bubbles appear near the trailing edges of blades and cause blockage effect against the axial flows. For the fans with inappropriately designed blade angle of attack, reverse flows can even be observed in the inter-blade passages with huge recirculation bubbles attaching to the trailing edges of fan blades.
Advanced Photoelectrocatalysts for TEMPO-Mediated Alcohol Oxidations (2017)

The transformation of primary alcohols to carbonyls or acids is a fundamental chemical process of interest from both academic and industrial viewpoints, but typically requires stoichiometric oxidants which are costly and generate potentially toxic waste. As an alternative approach, conversion of biomass-derived alcohols in a photoelectrochemical (PEC) cell is a promising environmentally-friendly route, which takes advantage of renewable carbon feedstocks, renewable solar energy, and renewable electricity from wind, geothermal, or photovoltaic sources. In this talk, we will share our recent progress in designing semiconductor / electrocatalyst composite photoanodes made of earth-abundant elements for photoelectrochemical alcohol oxidation. Previously, we have studied selective electrocatalytic oxidation of biomass-derived alcohols and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) on noble metal catalysts. 1-2 Electroactive homogeneous catalysts such as (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) represent an alternative to expensive metal catalysts. 3 Furthermore, it was recently reported that the electrode potential required to drive TEMPO-mediated alcohol oxidation can be significantly reduced in a PEC reactor, where solar energy is harvested with a bismuth vanadate (BiVO 4 ) semiconductor electrode. 4 However, significant electron-hole recombination and efficiency losses due to the competing oxygen evolution reaction (OER) make BiVO 4 a poor electrode material for TEMPO oxidation. While it is common to modify semiconductor electrodes with electrocatalysts to enhance OER, such strategies to selectively promote TEMPO oxidation have not been explored. We present the first composite photoanode for enhanced TEMPO-mediated alcohol oxidation. BiVO 4 modified with a cobalt-based electrocatalyst layer facilitated TEMPO oxidation at potentials &gt;400 mV lower than unmodified BiVO 4 by enabling facile charge transfer across solid–solid and solid–electrolyte interfaces. The competing OER was completely suppressed, allowing nearly 100% faradaic efficiency for TEMPO oxidation. In this talk, factors that tune the competition between TEMPO oxidation and OER, including photoanode structure, applied potential, and other reaction conditions will be discussed. References: (1) Chadderdon, D. J. et al., Green Chem. (2014), 16 3778–3786. (2) Chadderdon, D. J. et al., ACS Catal. (2015), 5 6926−6936. (3) Rafiee, M.; Miles, K. C.; Stahl, S. S., JACS (2015), 137 14751−14757. (4) Cha, H. G.; Choi, K. S., Nature Chem. (2015), 7 328–333.
Silicon Based Pore Systems for Emerging Biosensor Applications (2009)

Recent research in the domain of single molecule biosensors aims at using silicon pore systems for the electrical detection of charged entities. Detection is achieved through resistive pulse measurements also known as Coulter counting. This work demonstrates the use of silicon based cylindrical micropores which can be used to detect biomolecules with high selectivity and robustness. The micropores used in the experiment were patterned using semiconductor processing techniques to have a final diameter of 5μm and a length of 30μm on a siliconsubstrate. The probes used in the study were silica beads which have been functionalized to detect two types of protein immunocomplexes: (i) biotin-avidin and (ii) immunoglobulin-G using its specific antibody within the silicon micropore system.
Abstract B93: Concatenated multitype L2 fusion proteins as prophylactic human papillomavirus vaccines (2008)

Abstract B93 Vaccination with minor capsid protein L2, is known to induce antibodies that cross-neutralize diverse papillomavirus types.However, neutralizing titers against the homologous type are generally much higher than the titers against heterologous types. We hypothesized that vaccination with concatenated multi-type L2 fusion proteins derived from known cross-protective epitopes of several divergent HPV types might increase immunity across medically significant HPV genotypes. Here, the antibody responses of mice and rabbits to vaccination with HPV16 L2 polypeptides comprising residues 1-88 or 11-200, was compared with multi-type L2 fusion proteins, namely 11-200x3 types (HPV6, 16, 18), 11-88x5 types (HPV1, 5, 6,16, 18), or 17-36x22 types (5 cutaneous, 2 mucosal low risk and 15 oncogenic types), and with a licensed quadrivalent HPV L1 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, Gardasil. The monotype L2 polypeptides generated robust neutralization titers against HPV16 but lower titers against other HPV types. In contrast, the antisera to the multi-type L2 fusion proteins, notably 11-200x3 and 11-88x5, induced high neutralizing titers against all heterologous HPVs tested. However, in mice, these neutralizing titers were consistently lower than those to L1 VLP. The in vitro neutralization titers elicited by vaccination with 11-200x3 in different adjuvant combinations tested were not significantly different at two weeks after immunization. However, the vaccines formulated in GPI-0100 adjuvant or alum and ISS 1018 protected mice against HPV16 challenge at four months after immunization in the same manner as HPV16 L1 VLP, whereas 11-200x3 alone or formulated with either alum or ISS 1018 alone was significantly less effective. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B93.
P‐251L: Late‐News Poster : Miniature Wide‐Throw‐Angle Scanning Fiber Projection Display (2008)

Abstract Advances in mobile devices have enabled internet access and viewing of images and video, but small screens constrain the experience. We have developed a novel scanning fiber optical projector that is 1.07 mm in diameter and 13 mm long, and can project images at up to a 100° throw angle.
ChemInform Abstract: HOMOGENEOUS OXIDATIVE COUPLING CATALYSTS. STOICHIOMETRY AND KINETICS OF THE REACTIONS OF TWO STRUCTURALLY DISTINCT (μ‐CARBONATO)‐DICOPPER(II) OXIDATIVE COUPLING INITIATORS WITH 2,4,6‐TRICHLOROPHENOL IN METHYLENE CHLORIDE (1982)

Abstract Die Reaktion des symm.‐ μ‐Carbonato‐Komplexes (I) und des asymm, μ‐Carbonato‐Komplexes (V) mit Trichlorphenol wurde untersucht.
Experimental Validation of >1 kHz Electrowetting Modulation (2008)

Presented here is an experimental measurement of the switching speed one could expect for electrowetting optics. The switching capabilities of various sized elements are studied through basic electrowetting droplet modulation. The relative size of the droplets can be directly related to the dimensions of pixels or prisms used in arrayed electrowetting optics. Experimental results reported herein confirm that scaling down the liquid volume can potentially provide switching speeds of >1 kHz for elements that are <100 mum in size. The factors that determine switching speed are contact line velocity and damping time for the liquid meniscus oscillation.
Gene editing of Gluconobacter oxydans for improved xylose metabolism and bioleaching (2019)

Rare earth elements can be recycled using bioleaching methods that employ agricultural waste as the carbon source. One of the most abundant sources of this waste is corn stover, which contains both glucose and xylose sugars. The chosen bacteria, Gluconobacter oxydans (G. ox), has low efficiency for metabolizing xylose, which can affect the concentration of organic acids produced. This research focused on the introduction of a plasmid for xylose metabolism into the G. ox genome. A triparental mating method was used. Success of the conjugation was verified with a plasmid prep and restriction digest. The restriction digest suggested some unexpected damage to the plasmid DNA, which will require some backtracking to remedy. In the future, the cells with altered genetics will be used in experimentation with the production of corn stover lixiviant.
High Modulus, Thermally Stable, and Self-Extinguishing Aramid Nanofiber Separators (2020)

Mechanically and thermally robust separators offer an alternative approach for preventing battery failure under extreme conditions such as high loads and temperatures. However, the trade-off between electrochemical performance and mechanical and thermal stability remains an ongoing challenge. Here, we investigate aramid nanofiber (ANF) separators that possess high moduli and self-extinguishing characteristics. The ANF separators are formed from the dissolution of bulk Kevlar fibers and their subsequent vacuum-assisted self-assembly. Thermogravimetric analysis shows a high 5 wt % decomposition temperature of 447 °C, which is over ∼175 °C higher than commercial Celgard separators. The ANF separator also possesses a high Young's modulus of 8.8 GPa, which is ∼1000% higher than commercial separators. Even when dry or when soaked in battery electrolyte, the ANF separators self-extinguish upon exposure to flame, whereas commercial separators melt or drip. We show that these features, although adventitious, present a trade-off with electrochemical performance in which a lithium nickel manganse cobalt (NMC) oxide-based battery possessed a reduced capacity of 123.4 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>. Considering the separator holistically, we propose that the ANF separator shows an excellent balance of the combined properties of high modulus, flame-resistance, thermal stability, and electrochemical stability and might be suitable for extreme environment applications with further testing.
Low complexity cloud-video-mixing using HEVC (2014)

Real-time video applications, such as video conferencing and video surveillance systems, typically involve the simultaneous transport of multiple video sources to interested parties that consume the content. It may be desirable to mix these multiple source videos into a single video stream at intermediary nodes in the network. This has the advantage of reduced application and transport complexity on the client device and also makes it possible for devices with a single hardware decoder to consume the content. A typical approach is to apply transcoding operations to the original videos, i.e. the videos are decoded, merged and encoded into a single video stream. This paper proposes an alternative solution to video transcoding, which uses the new video coding standard HEVC and has a much lower processing complexity. We consider how our approach can be realized in real-world applications such as a cloud video mixer. Such systems typically require some degree of dynamics and personalization and we provide some insight into how transport signaling complexities can be addressed.
New Recombinant Mycobacterium bovis BCG Expression Vectors: Improving Genetic Control over Mycobacterial Promoters (2016)

The expression of many antigens, stimulatory molecules, or even metabolic pathways in mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium bovis BCG or M. smegmatis was made possible through the development of shuttle vectors, and several recombinant vaccines have been constructed. However, gene expression in any of these systems relied mostly on the selection of natural promoters expected to provide the required level of expression by trial and error. To establish a systematic selection of promoters with a range of strengths, we generated a library of mutagenized promoters through error-prone PCR of the strong PL5 promoter, originally from mycobacteriophage L5. These promoters were cloned upstream of the enhanced green fluorescent protein reporter gene, and recombinant M. smegmatis bacteria exhibiting a wide range of fluorescence levels were identified. A set of promoters was selected and identified as having high (pJK-F8), intermediate (pJK-B7, pJK-E6, pJK-D6), or low (pJK-C1) promoter strengths in both M. smegmatis and M. bovisBCG. The sequencing of the promoter region demonstrated that it was extensively modified (6 to 11%) in all of the plasmids selected. To test the functionality of the system, two different expression vectors were demonstrated to allow corresponding expression levels of the Schistosoma mansoni antigen Sm29 in BCG. The approach used here can be used to adjust expression levels for synthetic and/or systems biology studies or for vaccine development to maximize the immune response.
Characteristics of Three-Dimensional Bicontinuous Periodic Structures Produced by Multi-Beam Interference (2016)

The ranges of bicontinuity for three-dimensional, periodic structures made by multi-beam interference are reported, along with their volume fractions and surface areas. Corresponding results for sphere-based models are presented for comparison.
Construction of Peptoids with AllTrans-Amide Backbones and Peptoid Reverse Turns via the Tactical Incorporation ofN-Aryl Side Chains Capable of Hydrogen Bonding (2010)

The ability to design foldamers that mimic the defined structural motifs of natural biopolymers is critical for the continued development of functional biomimetic molecules. Peptoids, or oligomers of N-substituted glycine, represent a versatile class of foldamers capable of folding into defined secondary and tertiary structures. However, the rational design of discretely folded polypeptoids remains a challenging task, due in part to an incomplete understanding of the covalent and noncovalent interactions that direct local peptoid folding. We have found that simple, peptoid monomer model systems allow for the effective isolation of individual interactions within the peptoid backbone and side chains and can facilitate the study of the role of these interactions in restricting local peptoid conformation. Herein, we present an analysis of a set of peptoid monomers and an oligomer containing N-aryl side chains capable of hydrogen bonding with the peptoid backbone. These model peptoids were found to exhibit well-defined local conformational preferences, allowing for control of the ω, ϕ, and ψ dihedral angles adopted by the systems. Fundamental studies of the peptoid monomers enabled the design and synthesis of an acyclic peptoid reverse-turn structure, in which N-aryl side chains outfitted with ortho-hydrogen bond donors were hypothesized to play a critical role in the stabilization of the turn. This trimeric peptoid was characterized by X-ray crystallography and 2D NMR spectroscopy and was shown to adopt a unique acyclic peptoid reverse-turn conformation. Further analysis of this turn revealed an n→π*(C═O) interaction within the peptoid backbone, which represents the first reported example of this type of stereoelectronic interaction occurring exclusively within a polypeptoid backbone. The installation of N-aryl side chains capable of hydrogen bonding into peptoids is straightforward and entirely compatible with current solid-phase peptoid synthesis methodologies. As such, we anticipate that the strategic incorporation of these N-aryl side chains should facilitate the construction of peptoids capable of adopting discrete structural motifs, both turnlike and beyond, and will facilitate the continued development of well-folded peptoids.
Responses to an acellular pertussis booster vaccination in children, adolescents, and young and older adults: A collaborative study in Finland, the Netherlands, and the United Kingdom (2021)

Acellular pertussis booster vaccination induces significant serum IgG responses to pertussis antigens across the age range which are not uniformly less in older adults. Acellular boosters could be considered for older adults to reduce the health and economic burden of pertussis.
Interactive Autonomous Driving through Adaptation from Participation (2014)

We present an intelligent driving software system that is capable of adapting to dynamic task conditions and adjusting to the steering preferences of a human passenger. This interactive autonomous system is a realization of a natural human-robot interaction paradigm known as Adaptation from Participation (AfP). AfP exploits intermittent input from the human passenger in order to adapt the vehicle’s autonomous behaviors to match the intended navigation targets and driving preferences. In our system, this is realized by dynamically adjusting the parameter settings of a visionbased algorithm for tracking terrain boundaries. We deployed the resulting interactive autonomous vehicle in diverse task settings, and demonstrated its ability to learn to drive on unseen paths, as well as to adapt to unexpected changes to the environment and to the vehicle’s camera placement.
Copolymer Micelles and Nanospheres with Different In Vitro Stability Demonstrate Similar Paclitaxel Pharmacokinetics (2011)

Paclitaxel loaded amphiphilic block copolymer nanoparticles have been demonstrated to enhance the aqueous solubility and improve the toxicity profile as compared to the commercially available product Taxol; however, in many cases long circulation of the drug is not achieved due to rapid partitioning of the drug from the carrier and/or carrier instability upon injection. In this work we investigated the effect of increasing the hydrophobic block length of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (MePEG-b-PCL) copolymers on the physicochemical properties and in vitro stability of the formed nanoparticles as well as the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of both the copolymer and solubilized drug. We hypothesized that copolymers composed of high molecular weight hydrophobic blocks (MePEG₁₁₄-b-PCL₁₀₄) that form nanoparticles with a kinetically "frozen core" (which we term nanospheres) would better retain their PTX payload as compared to micelles composed of shorter hydrophobic blocks (MePEG₁₁₄-b-PCL₁₉), thus leading to prolonged drug circulation. Nanospheres solubilized PTX more efficiently, released the drug in a more sustained fashion and were characterized by enhanced stability and drug retention in the presence of plasma proteins as compared to micelles. Using radiolabeled copolymers and PTX, it was found that, upon injection, MePEG₁₁₄-b-PCL₁₀₄ circulated for longer than MePEG₁₁₄-b-PCL₁₉; however, the drug was rapidly eliminated from the blood regardless of the formulation. These results suggest that, despite formulation in more stable nanospheres, PTX was still rapidly extracted from these nanoparticles.
Effects of Hematopoietic Growth Factors on Interleukin 6 Secretion by Blast Cells Derived from Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Patients (1996)

Interleukin 6 (IL6) secretion by blast cells derived from peripheral blood of patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) was characterized. IL6 secretion showed a wide variation both when AML blasts were cultured in medium alone and in the presence of exogenous cytokines. The level of IL6 secretion was significantly correlated to secretion of other cytokines (IL1 alpha, IL1 beta, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, tumor necrosis factor alpha). IL1 beta, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, macrophage colony-stimulating factor and stem cell factor increased IL6 secretion, whereas IL4 caused decreased IL6 secretion together with increased release of IL1 receptor antagonist.
Maintaining end-to-end throughput in a differentiated-services Internet (1999)

This paper examines the use of adaptive priority marking for providing soft bandwidth guarantees in a differentiated-services Internet. In contrast to other proposals for achieving the same objective, the proposed scheme does not require resource reservation for individual connections and can be supported with minimal changes to the network infrastructure. It uses modest support from the network in the form of priority handling for appropriately marked packets, and relies on intelligent transmission control mechanisms at the edges of the network to achieve the desired throughput levels. This paper describes the control mechanisms and evaluates their behavior in various network environments. These mechanisms are show in to have several salient features which make them suitable for deployment in an evolving Internet.
Genetic disruption of soluble epoxide hydrolase is protective against streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy (2012)

Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid into epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which play important roles in regulating cardiovascular functions. The anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, proangiogenic, and antihypertensive properties of EETs suggest a beneficial role for EETs in diabetic nephropathy. Endogenous EET levels are maintained by a balance between synthesis by CYP epoxygenases and hydrolysis by epoxide hydrolases into physiologically less active dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids. Genetic disruption of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH/EPHX2) results in increased EET levels through decreased hydrolysis. This study investigated the effects of sEH gene disruption on diabetic nephropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic manifestations were attenuated in sEH-deficient mice relative to wild-type controls, with significantly decreased levels of Hb A(1c), creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen and urinary microalbumin excretion. The sEH-deficient diabetic mice also had decreased renal tubular apoptosis that coincided with increased levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl, and decreased levels of the proapoptotic Bax. These effects were associated with activation of the PI3K-Akt-NOS3 and AMPK signaling cascades. sEH gene inhibition and exogenous EETs significantly protected HK-2 cells from TNFα-induced apoptosis in vitro. These findings highlight the beneficial role of the CYP epoxygenase-EETs-sEH system in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy and suggest that the sEH inhibitors available may be potential therapeutic agents for this condition.
Epoxidation–alcoholysis of cyclic enol ethers catalyzed by Ti(OiPr)4or Venturello's peroxophosphotungstate complex (2007)

Venturello's peroxophosphotungstate compound and Ti(O(i)Pr)(4) were successfully used as catalysts for the epoxidation-alcoholysis of various dihydropyrans and dihydrofuran using H(2)O(2) as the oxidant. Different alcohols can be used as solvents and nucleophiles, resulting in hydroxy ether products with varying alkoxy groups. The Venturello compound can also be used as catalyst in a biphasic conversion of dihydropyran, in which long chain alcohols or fatty acids are incorporated in the hydroxy ether products with high yield and (stereo)selectivity.