gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin Responsiveness in Polycythaemia Vera (1975)

A liquid bone marrow culture technique was used to study erythropoiesis in polycythaemia vera. Three patients with the diagnosis of polycythaemia vera treated only by phlebotomy were compared to three healthy volunteers. Erythropoiesis in vitro was assessed by counts of nucleated red cells and 3H-thymidine incorporation into erythroid precursors. Human urinary erythropoietin was found to stimulate erythropoiesis in cultures from the polycythaemia patients as well as normals. The erythropoietin effect was blocked by a rabbit anti-erythropoietin antibody. These results suggest that some erythroid precursor cells maintain an intact erythropoietin response mechanism in polycythaemia vera. They also support clinical studies of this disorder indicating that some regulation by erythropoietin may occur in vivo.
FAST VIDEO STUDY OF SURFACTANT EFFECTS ON FUEL ATOMIZATION IN A TRANSPARENT ENGINE (1998)

Fast video photography and image analysis were used to compare the effect of fuel and mixture preparation variables on the relative quantities of liquid droplets present in the combustion chamber of a port fuel-injected engine. The injection timing and swirl conditions were varied and a fluorinated surfactant was also added to a standard gasoline. Swirl enhanced evaporation. The surfactant decreased the light scattering. There is some indication that swirl and additive together are mutually antagonistic and work against their individual beneficial effects on mixture preparation.
BindingDB Entry 4696: Localization and function of the D3 dopamine receptor. (2011)

A novel dopamine receptor has been recently cloned, which differs from D1 and D2 receptors by its sequence, localization, pharmacology and possibly signalling system, hence its designation as D3 receptor. The D3 receptor cDNA was obtained by a combination of screenings of DNA libraries and PCR polymerase chain reaction experiments. It encodes a protein with a predicted structure consisting in 7 transmembrane domains indicating that it belongs to the G-protein coupled receptor family. Its global homology is 52% with the D2 receptor but 78% if only transmembrane domains are considered. Two shorter transcript variants, in addition to the full-length cDNA were detected by PCR in various rat brain regions. The shorter transcripts are generated by alternative splicing and encode two putative proteins respectively interrupted after the second transmembrane domain and lacking the second extracytoplasmic loop. After transfection of this latter isoform into cultured cells, no dopaminergic activity could be detected. These shorter splice variants may regulate the number of active D3 receptors. The human D3 receptor was also cloned using similar approaches with rat D3 receptor cDNA probes and was found highly homologous to the rat receptor, except in the third intracytoplasmic loop. The human D3 receptor gene was assigned to the chromosome 3 at q13.3 band. Visualisation of D3 receptor mRNA in rat brain by in situ hybridization indicated a predominant expression of the message in the ventral striatum and other "limbic" areas. There is no overlap in the distributions of D2 and D3 receptor mRNAs in discrete structures, suggesting that the two transcripts are expressed by different cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Visual discomfort with stereo 3D displays when the head is not upright (2012)

Properly constructed stereoscopic images are aligned vertically on the display screen, so on-screen binocular disparities are strictly horizontal. If the viewer's inter-ocular axis is also horizontal, he/she makes horizontal vergence eye movements to fuse the stereoscopic image. However, if the viewer's head is rolled to the side, the on-screen disparities now have horizontal and vertical components at the eyes. Thus, the viewer must make horizontal and vertical vergence movements to binocularly fuse the two images. Vertical vergence movements occur naturally, but they are usually quite small. Much larger movements are required when viewing stereoscopic images with the head rotated to the side. We asked whether the vertical vergence eye movements required to fuse stereoscopic images when the head is rolled cause visual discomfort. We also asked whether the ability to see stereoscopic depth is compromised with head roll. To answer these questions, we conducted behavioral experiments in which we simulated head roll by rotating the stereo display clockwise or counter-clockwise while the viewer's head remained upright relative to gravity. While viewing the stimulus, subjects performed a psychophysical task. Visual discomfort increased significantly with the amount of stimulus roll and with the magnitude of on-screen horizontal disparity. The ability to perceive stereoscopic depth also declined with increasing roll and on-screen disparity. The magnitude of both effects was proportional to the magnitude of the induced vertical disparity. We conclude that head roll is a significant cause of viewer discomfort and that it also adversely affects the perception of depth from stereoscopic displays.
Chaos and Variability of Inter-Spike Intervals in Neuronal Models with Slow-Fast Dynamics (2011)

A neuron generates action potentials or spikes in response to electric stimuli, and also produces a train of spikes (periodic oscillation) when a continuous stimulus current is injected. Using the extended Bonhoeffer‐van der Pol (BVP) or FitzHugh‐Nagumo (FHN) equations, which is a simplified version of the famous Hodgkin‐Huxley neuronal model, we show that very slow spiking can appear near the (singular) Hopf bifurcation point in a certain generic situation. The patterns of the extraordinary slow spiking are phenomenologically classified into two types: a regular slow spiking and chaotic slow spiking. The variability of inter‐spike intervals (ISI’s) and the possible mechanism of slow spiking are discussed under slow‐fast decomposition analysis. The noise effects on such variability of ISI’s are also examined.
Decrease in cardiac phosphatidylglycerol in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats does not affect cardiolipin biosynthesis: evidence for distinct pools of phosphatidylglycerol in the heart (1995)

Biosynthesis of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and cardiolipin (CL) were investigated in perfused hearts of diabetic rats 4 days or 28 days after streptozotocin injection. Sham-injected and insulin-treated diabetic rats were used as controls. In addition, another group of rats fasted for 54 h was examined. Isolated rat hearts from these groups were perfused for 30 min with [32P]P(i), and the radioactivity incorporated into PG and CL and their pool sizes were determined in heart ventricles. There was no difference in the amount of radioactivity incorporated into CL, PG or other phospholipids between all groups. In addition, the pool sizes of CL and other phospholipids were unaltered. However, a striking decrease in the pool size of PG was observed in both diabetic and fasted rats compared to sham- and insulin-treated controls at 4 days after streptozotocin injection. The decrease in PG mass in diabetic rats was rapid (within 24-48 h) and was localized to cardiac membranes. Diabetes did not affect the activity of the enzymes of PG and CL biosynthesis in the mitochondrial fraction, or phospholipase A activity in subcellular fractions prepared from rat heart homogenates. In addition, pulse-chase experiments confirmed that diabetes did not affect the rate of new PG or CL biosynthesis. Since radioactivity associated with PG was unaltered in continuous-pulse perfusion experiments, a calculated 1.8-fold increase in the specific radioactivity of cardiac PG was observed in the hearts of acute diabetic rats compared with controls. Since the radioactivity incorporated into PG and CL, and the rate of CL biosynthesis, were unaltered in diabetic-rat hearts compared with controls, new CL was probably synthesized from newly synthesized PG. We postulate the existence of distinct pools of PG in the heart, and that the pool of newly synthesized PG used for CL biosynthesis does not appear to mix immediately with the pre-existing pool of PG in the isolated intact rat heart.
Supplementary Data from Genomic Features of Exceptional Response in Vemurafenib ± Cobimetinib–treated Patients with <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600</sup>-mutated Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Data from Genomic Features of Exceptional Response in Vemurafenib ± Cobimetinib–treated Patients with &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;V600&lt;/sup&gt;-mutated Metastatic Melanoma
Antibiotics in the Chemical Communication of Fungi (2004)

In dual cultures Oudemansiella mucida and Xerula melanotricha (basidiomycetes) react to the presence of living Penicillium notatum or P. turbatum with an increased production of strobilurin A (1) or X (2). P. notatum in turn reacts to the two basidiomycetes or their antibiotic strobilurin A alone with the production of N-(2-hydroxypropanoyl)-2-aminobenzoic acid amide (3) or chrysogine (4). P. melinii and P. urticae overgrow O. mucida due to complete resistance to strobilurin A. P. brevicompactum, P. citrinum, P. janczewskii and the other Penicillium strains are all sensitive but apparently do not induce O. mucida to produce the amounts of strobilurin A needed to inhibit their growth.
Pyruvate Kinase M1 Suppresses Development and Progression of Prostate Adenocarcinoma (2022)

Differential expression of PKM1 and PKM2 impacts prostate tumorigenesis and suggests a potential therapeutic vulnerability in prostate cancer.
Testing of a Convex Reflective Diffraction Grating (2017)

A quantitative nulling interferometric measurement technique for wavefront fidelity validation of a blazed convex reflective diffraction grating is presented. A null wavefront of λ/45 RMS at wavelength 633 nm is demonstrated.
Conversion of Polyolefin Waste to Liquid Alkanes with Ru-Based Catalysts under Mild Conditions (2020)

Chemical upcycling of waste polyolefins via hydrogenolysis offers unique opportunities for selective depolymerization compared to high temperature thermal deconstruction. Here, we demonstrate the hydrogenolysis of polyethylene into liquid alkanes under mild conditions using ruthenium nanoparticles sup-ported on carbon (Ru/C). Reactivity studies on a model n-octadecane substrate showed that Ru/C catalysts are highly active and se-lective for the hydrogenolysis of C(sp3)-C(sp3) bonds at temperatures ranging from 200-250°C. Under optimal conditions of 200°C in 20 bar H2, polyethylene (average Mw ~4,000) was converted into liquid n-alkanes with yields of up to 45% by mass after 16 h using a 5 wt% Ru/C catalyst, with the remaining products comprising light alkane gases (C1-C6). At 250°C, nearly stoichiometric yields of CH4 were obtained from polyethylene over the catalyst. The hy-drogenolysis of long chain, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and a post-consumer LDPE plastic bottle to produce C7-C45 alkanes was also achieved over Ru/C, demonstrating the feasibility of this reac-tion for the valorization of realistic post-consumer plastic waste. By identifying Ru-based catalysts as a class of active materials for the hydrogenolysis of polyethene, this study opens new avenues for the valorization of plastic waste under mild conditions.
Three-dimensional accuracy assessment of eye surgeons (2005)

Overall manual accuracy in simulated microsurgery has been studied. Three eye surgeons have been tested thus far. Subjects attempted to hold a microsurgical instrument still for 30 s and its 3-D tip position was recorded. RMS error, overall motion range were calculated and spectral analysis was performed for each axis. The RMS error was between 54 /spl mu/m and 118 /spl mu/m and the overall range of motion was between 239 /spl mu/m and 588 /spl mu/m, depending on the axis. Substantial low frequency motion was present. Between 73.5% and 83.7% of the total power was found to be below 3 Hz, depending on the axis.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS WITH DIMETHYL 3‐KETOGLUTARATE. SYNTHESIS OF BICYCLIC FURAN DERIVATIVES (1978)

Abstract Das Diketon (I) kondensiert mit Keto‐glutarsäureester (II) über (III) zu (IV), aus dem die Reduktionsprodukte (Va) und (Vb) bzw. sauer ein Decarboxylierungsprodukt (VI) entsteht.
Evaluation of Incoherent-Type Pupil Filter: Spatial Filter for Incoherent Stream (1994)

A new imaging method using an incoherent type filter, spatial filter for incoherent stream (SFINCS) is evaluated by experiment. The experiment was done with an i-line N A 0.57 projection lens. The experimental results show the excellent depth-of-focus (DOF) expanding effect of SFINCS for fine hole patterns with good exposure dose latitude and mask manufacturing error latitude even if multiple focus exposure (FLEX) is used.
Proteasom Inhibitoren sensitivieren HCC Zellinien aber nicht primäre humane Hepatozyten für TRAIL-induzierte Apoptose durch verstärkte Caspase–8 Rekrutierung an den DISC unabhängig von NF-kB (2004)

TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) zeigt potente Anti-Tumor-Wirkung nach systemischer Applikation in-vivo, ohne die bekannten Nebenwirkungen anderer TNF-Familienmitlieder, wie TNF und CD95L, aufzuweisen. Allerdings sind ca. 50% der Tumorzellinien resistent für TRAIL-induzierte Apoptose. Behandlung resistenter HCC (Hepatocelluläres Carcinom) Zellinien mit dem Proteasominhibitor MG132 sensitivierte diese für TRAIL-induzierte Apoptose, während MG132 primäre humane Hepatozyten nicht sensitiveren konnte.
Stability of Tin-Lead Halide Perovskite Solar Cells (2019)

Tin-lead perovskites have low band gaps (1.2 eV - 1.4 eV) that offer complementary absorption spectra to mixed halide perovskites with band gaps in the range of 1.6 eV - 1.85 eV. In combination, tin-lead and mixed halide perovskites can be used to make efficient all-perovskite tandem solar cells. While these can achieve high efficiency, they are hampered by the unproven longterm stability of tin-containing perovskites. We make the first demonstration of tin-lead perovskite solar cells that pass benchmark 1000-hour tests of stability under stressors of heat, light, and atmospheric exposure. We identify that mixed tin-lead perovskites oxidise by a different chemical pathway, one that is much less favourable, than the oxidation pathway followed by pure tin perovskites, making them significantly more stable. Fortuitously, mixed tin-lead perovskites also have band gaps that are close to ideal for the rear cell of an all-perovskite monolithic two-junction tandem. Beyond selecting the composition of the perovskite to be one that has inherently suppressed tendency to oxidise, we also fabricate a novel heterojunction-based architecture that eliminates the commonly used acidic PEDOT:PSS layer, which leads to enhanced stability. By packaging the resulting solar cell in a glass-on-glass package with a pliable low-elastic-modulus polyolefin encapsulant and a butyl rubber edge seal, we also demonstrate that the low band gap perovskite solar cell that passes the IEC damp heat test for thin film solar cells - a milestone that demonstrates the removal of a significant impediment to the commercialization of high efficiency perovskite tandem solar cells.
Backpropagation of accuracy (2002)

We solve the problem: how to determine maximal allowable errors, possible for signals and parameters of each element of a network, proceeding from the condition that the vector of output signals of the network should be calculated with given accuracy? "Backpropagation of accuracy" is developed to solve this problem.
Mechanism of Hydrogenolysis of an Iridium–Methyl Bond: Evidence for a Methane Complex Intermediate (2013)

Evidence for key σ-complex intermediates in the hydrogenolysis of the iridium-methyl bond of (PONOP)Ir(H)(Me)(+) (1) [PONOP = 2,6-bis(di-tert-butylphosphinito)pyridine] has been obtained. The initially formed η(2)-H(2) complex, 2, was directly observed upon treatment of 1 with H(2), and evidence for reversible formation of a σ-methane complex, 5, was obtained through deuterium scrambling from η(2)-D(2) in 2-d(2) into the methyl group of 2 prior to methane loss. This sequence of reactions was modeled by density functional theory calculations. The transition state for formation of 5 from 2 showed significant shortening of the Ir-H bond for the hydrogen being transferred; no true Ir(V) trihydride intermediate could be located. Barriers to methane loss from 2 were compared to those of 1 and the six-coordinate species (PONOP)Ir(H)(Me)(CO)(+) and (PONOP)Ir(H)(Me)(Cl).
Development of Liquid Crystal Display Panel Integrated with Drivers Using Amorphous In–Ga–Zn-Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2010)

We designed, prototyped, and evaluated a liquid crystal panel integrated with a gate driver and a source driver using amorphous In–Ga–Zn-oxide thin film transistors (TFTs). Using bottom-gate bottom-contact (BGBC) thin film transistors, superior characteristics could be obtained. We obtained TFT characteristics with little variation even when the thickness of the gate insulator (GI) film was reduced owing to etching of source/drain (S/D) wiring, which is a typical process for the BGBC TFT. Moreover, a favorable ON-state current was obtained even when an In–Ga–Zn-oxide layer was formed over the S/D electrode. Since the upper portion of the In–Ga–Zn-oxide layer is not etched, the BGBC structure is predicted to be effective in thinning the In–Ga–Zn-oxide layer in the future. Upon evaluation, we found that the prototyped liquid crystal panel integrated with the gate and source drivers using the TFTs with improved characteristics had stable drive.
Influence of Onabotulinumtoxin A on testes of the growing rat (2016)

Onabotulinumtoxin A (onabotA) is gaining wide medical use in children. The present study was planned to investigate the influence of its injection on the maturing testicular structures in rats. Immature rats were injected in the bilateral cremaster muscles by onabotA with three doses of (10, 20, and 40 U/kg) three times in a 2-week interval. The effect of these injections on fertility indices was examined. Levels of antisperm antibodies and several apoptosis parameters were also investigated. DNA content in form of ploidy and histopathological alterations were assessed. OnabotA-injected groups showed decreased sperm count and semen quality, while sperm vitality, morphology, and testosterone levels were not significantly affected. Furthermore, DNA flow cytometric analysis confirmed delayed sperm maturation. Apoptosis markers were significantly increased by the injections. In conclusion, onabotA injection in growing rats adversely affected sperm count and maturation. OnabotA testicular effects are mediated, at least partly, by apoptosis.
Measurement based optimal multi-path routing (2004)

We propose a new architecture for efficient network monitoring and measurements in a traditional IP network. This new architecture enables establishment of multiple paths (tunnels) between source-destination pairs without having to modify the underlying routing protocol(s). Based on the proposed architecture we propose a measurement-based multipath routing algorithm derived from simultaneous perturbation stochastic approximation. The proposed algorithm does not assume that the gradient of analytical cost function is known to the algorithm, but rather relies on noisy estimates from measurements. Using the analytical model presented in the paper we prove the convergence of the algorithm to the optimal solution. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed algorithm under a variety of network scenarios. A comparative study with an existing optimal routing algorithm, MATE, is also provided.
Application of proximity synchrotron orbital radiation lithography and deep ultraviolet phase-shifted-mask lithography to sub-quarter-micron complimentary metal oxide semiconductor devices (1994)

Sub-quarter-micron gate-level device development and process integration of a complimentary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) program are being supported at IBM Microelectronics’ Advanced Semiconductor Technology Center with both synchrotron orbital radiation lithography (proximity x-ray) and phase-edge deep ultraviolet phase-shifted-mask lithography. Data highlighting the feasibility of these two advanced techniques for the lithography support of very aggressive CMOS technologies are presented. Issues of design complexity, design rule impact, and mask engineering are discussed, the exposure process is described, and current process latitude data are presented. Both lithography techniques show feasibility for 200 nm lithography, each with its unique set of challenges and trade-offs.
Recovery scopes, recovery groups, and fine-grained recovery in enterprise storage controllers with multi-core processors (2009)

In this paper we extend a previously published approach to error recovery in enterprise storage controllers with multi-core processors. Our approach first involves the partitioning of the set of tasks in the runtime of the controller software into clusters (recovery scopes) of dependent tasks. Then, these recovery scopes are mapped into a set of recovery groups, on which the scheduling of tasks, both during the recovery process and normal operation, is based. This recovery-aware scheduling (RAS) replaces the performance-based scheduling of the storage controller. Through simulation and benchmark experiments, we find that: 1) the performance of RAS appears to be critically dependent on the values of recovery-related parameters; and 2) our fine-grained recovery approach promises to enhance the storage system availability while keeping the additional overhead, and the resulting degradation in performance, under control.
Clinical status and prognostic factors in Japanese patients with uterine leiomyosarcoma (2020)

Despite complete removal of the primary lesion, the clinical course of patients with uLMS was poor due to recurrence of distant metastasis. The application of a suitable biomarker and effective adjuvant chemotherapy are required to improve the prognosis of patients with uLMS.
Supplementary Data from The Soluble Wnt Receptor Frizzled8CRD-hFc Inhibits the Growth of Teratocarcinomas <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Data from The Soluble Wnt Receptor Frizzled8CRD-hFc Inhibits the Growth of Teratocarcinomas &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Low-Voltage, High-Brightness Silicon Micro-LEDs for CMOS Photonics (2021)

Silicon photonics realized in CMOS processes has transformed computing, communications, sensing, and imaging. Although silicon is an indirect bandgap material prohibiting efficient light generation, considerable work has been conducted in the field of silicon p-n junctions emitting broadband visible light when operating in the high-voltage reverse breakdown avalanching mode. Here, we demonstrate high-brightness near-infrared (NIR) light emission for forward-biased silicon micro-light emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) realized in an open-foundry microelectronic CMOS process-55 BCDLite-with zero modification. Under room-temperature continuous-wave operation, the external light emission intensity of over 40 mW/cm $^{{2}}$ at a central wavelength of 1020 nm is achieved for a 4- μm-diameter device at below 2.5 V. This is realized by adopting a deep vertical junction with guard ring designs that ensure carrier transport away from the device surface and material interfaces where nonradiative recombination usually dominates. Here, we also demonstrate a complete chip-to-chip communication link using only standard multimode fiber and monolithically integrated CMOS micro-LEDs and detectors.