gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Open Port Sampling Interface for the Chemical Characterization of Levitated Microparticles (2022)

Several studies have reported ionization methods to classify the chemical composition of levitated particles held in an electrodynamic balance using mass spectrometry (MS). These methods include electrospray-based paper spray (PS) ionization, plasma discharge ionization, and direct analysis in real-time (DART) ionization, with each showing advantages and disadvantages. Our recent work demonstrated that PS ionization could yield accurate data for the chemical evolution of mixed component particles undergoing evaporation. However, measurements were performed using an internal standard to account for and correct the inherent variability in the PS ionization source. Here, we explore a new electrospray-based method coupled to particle levitation-the Open Port Sampling Interface (OPSI), which provides many advantages over the PS method, with few disadvantages. In this application note we report experiments in which micron-sized particles, containing analytes such as citric acid, maleic acid, and tetraethylene glycol, were levitated and optically probed to determine their size and mass. Subsequent transfer of individual levitated particles into the OPSI allowed for the ionization and mass spectrometry analysis of these particles. We discuss the stability and reproducibility of MS measurements, demonstrate effective quantitation in both positive and negative mode, and determine the sensitivity of the OPSI to a range of analyte mass present in levitated particles. Importantly, we show stability of the OPSI over >6 h without the need for normalizing signal variations with an internal standard in the sample, demonstrating robust application of the OPSI to measurements over extended periods of time.
Example-based Enhancement of Degraded Video (2014)

We present an example-based approach to general enhancement of degraded video frames. The method relies on building a dictionary with non-degraded parts of the video and to use such a dictionary to enhance the degraded parts. The image degradation has to originate from a “repeatable” process, so that the dictionary image patches (blocks) are equally degraded, thus originating a dictionary with degraded blocks and their residues (differences in between degraded and original blocks). Once a match is found between a degraded block in the video and a degraded block in the dictionary, the associated residue of the latter is soft-added to the block of the former. The method is a generalization of the method for example-based super-resolution. Results are presented to demonstrate the applicability of the method to many scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Density Chemical Intercalation of Zero‐Valent Copper into Bi2Se3 Nanoribbons. (2012)

Abstract Up to 60 at.% copper can be intercalated into layered Bi 2 Se 3 nanoribbons without disrupting the host lattice.
Graphical method for obtaining retention time and number of theoretical plates from tailed chromatographic peaks (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGraphical method for obtaining retention time and number of theoretical plates from tailed chromatographic peaksWilliam E. Barber and Peter W. CarrCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 12, 1939–1942Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00235a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00235a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemistry of o-xylidene–metal complexes. Part 3. Tungste o-xylidene complexes derived from tetrachloro(oxo)tungsteh(VI); X-ray crystal structures of [W(CH2C6H4CH2-o)3]·0.5C6H6and [{W(CH2C6H4CH2-o)2O}2Mg(C4H8O)4] (1984)

Reaction of WCl4O with the di-Grignard reagent o-C6H4(CH2MgCl)2 or the chloride-free ‘o-xylidene’ complex Mg(CH2C6H4CH2-o)(thf) in tetrahydrofuran (thf) yields either the thermally stable tris(chelate), [[graphic omitted]H2-o)3](7), or the WV complex [{[graphic omitted]H2-o)2[graphic omitted]g(thf)4](8)(a non-electrolyte in thf), in a manner critically dependent on reaction conditions. In both reactions a reduction step precedes alkylation, as determined by e.s.r., with probable intermediates being [WCl4O]–, [WCl5O]2–, and [WCl3O(thf)3]. The complex (7) undergoes reversible one-electron reduction as shown by cyclic voltammetry, E½red=–1.68 V, and the WV radical anion, gav.= 2.005, is also accessible from (7) and sodium dihydronaphthylide. X-Ray analysis shows that the o-xylenediyl ligand (1) behaves as a chelating ligand in both (7) and (8), but in (8) the two ligands (1) are bonded differently. One is typically metallacyclic in nature, W–Cα 2.16(2)Å, W–Cα–C(aromatic) 109(1)° with a fold angle (Φ) of 42.4°, whereas the other has a larger Φ(66.1°) with <W–Cα> 2.16(4)Å, and W–Cα–C(aromatic) 98(2) and 93(1)°, possibly arising from an aromatic π interaction with the tungsten atom. For the tris(chelate)(7) all ligands are equivalent, the tungsten symmetry is quasi-3/m, with a more pronounced W–π-arene interaction, possibly of a stabilising influence [W–C 2.21, W–C(aromatic) 2.49Å; W–C–C(aromatic) 82.7°, Φ= 83.3°]. In complex (8), the magnesium atom is octahedrally co-ordinated, with the four thf ligands disposed equatorially; the WO bond is short, 1.71(1)Å.
Planar Array Infrared Emission Spectroscopy (2007)

Planar array infrared spectroscopy (PA-IR) is shown to be a powerful new approach to infrared emission spectroscopy (IRES). A proof-of-concept study of selected polymers indicates that PA-IRES allows acquisition of emission spectra with a high signal-to-noise ratio at temperatures as low as 80 degrees C. It is shown that a time resolution below 20 ms is readily achievable for time-resolved characterization of single non-repeatable events. The possibility of recording spatially resolved emission spectra is also demonstrated, and potential applications of this novel technique are finally described.
Berichtigung: 7‐Step Flow Synthesis of the HIV Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir (2018)

Diese Zuschrift und ihre Hintergrundinformationen enthalten Fehler,d ie hiermit korrigiert werden: Auf S. 5der Hintergrundinformationen sind flschlicherweise eine Sammelzeit von 15 Minuten und eine Masse von 7. 16 g(27.4 mmol, 95 %) angegeben;die korrekten Werte sind 10 Minuten und 7. 18 g(27.4 mmol, 95 %). Auf S. 10 der Hintergrundinformationen wurde als Ausbeute fr 19 0.32 mmol (48 %) angegeben, richtig ist aber 0.30 mmol (49 %). Auerdem wurde als theoretische mmol-Zahl fr 19 auf der Grundlage des geschwindigkeistbestimmenden Materials 0.62 angegeben. Der korrekte Wert ist 0.61 mmol. Der letzte Satz im Text der Zuschrift auf S. 7301 muss entsprechend lauten:" The optimized setup proceeded in atotal residence time of just over 3hand a49%isolated yield of DTG-OMe 19 in 7:1d r(Scheme 8)." Auch in Schema 8muss die berechnete Ausbeute fr 19 ber drei Stufen auf 49 %korrigiert werden. Eine aktualisierte Version der Hintergrundinformationen wird mit dieser
Long-term results for living donor liver transplant recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma using intraoperative blood salvage with leukocyte depletion filter (2012)

Massive intraoperative bleeding during liver transplantation often requires large amounts of blood products. The goal of this study was to investigate long-term outcomes of living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) recipients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent intraoperative use of intraoperative blood salvage (IBS) and leukocyte depletion filter (LDF). In this study, we included 230 LDLT recipients with HCC from two transplantation centers, between February 2002 and December 2007. Group 1 patients (n = 121) underwent intraoperative IBS with LDF and group 2 patients (n = 109) did not. The amount of autotransfused, filtered red blood cells (RBCs) in group 1 was 1590.2 ± 1486.8 ml, which corresponded to 5.9 units of allogenic leukocyte-depleted RBCs saved. The incidences of renal dysfunction, postoperative bleeding, and urinary tract infection in group 2 were higher than in group 1 (P < 0.05). Recurrence-free survival rates for 1, 3, and 5 years were 91.3%, 83.3%, and 83.3%, respectively, in group 1, and 84.6%, 79.0%, and 77.4%, respectively, in group 2 (P = 0.314). IBS using LDF does not increase the risk of cancer recurrence during LDLT for recipients with HCC. Therefore, the use of IBS with LDF appears to be safe for LDLT recipients with HCC.
The paparazzi problem (2002)

Multiple mobile robots, or robot collectives, have been proposed as solutions to various tasks in which distributed sensing and action are required. Here we consider applying a collective of robots to the paparazzi problem - the problem of providing sensor coverage of a target robot. We demonstrate how the computational task of the collective can be formulated as a global energy minimization task over the entire collective, and show how individual members of the collective can solve the task in a distributed fashion so that the entire collective meets its goal. This result is then extended to consider unbounded communication delays between members and complete failure of individual members of the collective.
Functionalization of atomic force microscopy Akiyama tips for magnetic force microscopy measurements (2017)

In this work we have used focused electron beam induced deposition of cobalt to functionalize atomic force microscopy Akiyama tips for application in magnetic force microscopy. The grown tips have a content of 90% Co after exposure to ambient air. The magnetic tips were characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In order to investigate the magnetic properties, current loops were prepared by electron beam lithography. Measurements at room temperature as well as 4.2K were carried out and the coercive field of 68 Oe of the Co tip was estimated by applying several external fields in the opposite direction of the tip magnetization. Magnetic Akiyama tips open new possibilities for low to room-temperature magnetic force microscopy measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolites and Zeotypes as Catalysts (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
P-Type Silicon Strip Sensors for the new CMS Tracker at HL-LHC (2017)

The upgrade of the LHC to the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) is expected to increase the LHC design luminosity by an order of magnitude. This will require silicon tracking detectors with a significantly higher radiation hardness. The CMS Tracker Collaboration has conducted an irradiation and measurement campaign to identify suitable silicon sensor materials and strip designs for the future outer tracker at the CMS experiment. Based on these results, the collaboration has chosen to use n-in-p type silicon sensors and focus further investigations on the optimization of that sensor type. This paper describes the main measurement results and conclusions that motivated this decision. © 2017 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration.
Measurement Technique of Slug Flow Characteristics Using Image Data Processing (1999)

Geysering may be induced during start-up in natural circulation boiling water reactors. It is necessary for simulation of this flow instability to model the coalescence mechanism and condensation process of slug bubbles. In this work, image data processing technique using a digital video camera has been developed to measure slug flow characteristics. The developed measurement technique of velocity field in the wake region and liquid film velocity surrounding a slug bubble and its measurement accuracy are discussed in this paper.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Sonogashira‐Type Cross Couplings of Various Heterocyclic Methylthioethers. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase transfer catalyzed enantioselective cyclopropanation of 4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles (2012)

Heavily substituted cyclopropane esters were prepared in high yields, complete diastereoselection and high (up to 96%) enantioselectivity. The reaction described herein entailed reacting 4-nitro-5-styrylisoxazoles, a class of cinnamate synthetic equivalent, with 2-bromomalonate esters under the catalysis of 5 mol% of a Cincona derived phase-transfer catalyst. The reaction allowed multi-gram preparation of desired products.
Impact of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy on the Evolution of Breast Reconstruction (2006)

Background: Although sentinel lymph node biopsy is rapidly replacing complete axillary lymph node dissection for lymph node staging in women with clinically node-negative breast cancer, it is unclear what impact the transition to sentinel lymph node biopsy will have on the practice of breast reconstruction. Methods: To determine the effect of the transition from complete axillary lymph node dissection to sentinel lymph node biopsy on their practice of breast reconstruction, the authors reviewed the records of 717 patients with breast cancer who underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy and 1887 breast reconstructions—487 were performed in patients who also underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1998 and 2003. Results: Before 1999, sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed infrequently. Between 1999 and 2003, the number of sentinel lymph node biopsy procedures performed per year increased almost 50-fold. Concurrent with this increase in the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy, there was a corresponding increase in the proportion of breast reconstruction procedures performed in patients who had also undergone sentinel lymph node biopsy (13 percent per year, p = 0.0001). In 2003, 54 percent of all breast reconstructions were performed in patients who had sentinel lymph node biopsy. In 2000, 1 year after the use of sentinel lymph node biopsy began to increase, the choice of recipient vessels for free transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap breast reconstruction began to change. Between 2001 and 2002, the internal mammary vessels replaced the thoracodorsal vessels as the preferred recipient vessels for TRAM flap reconstruction (p < 0.0001). Over the study period, the authors noted a decrease in the percentage of free TRAM flap procedures requiring revision, more frequent use of contralateral implant-based augmentation to achieve symmetry, an increase in the percentage of patients desiring a second attempt at reconstruction after loss of a TRAM flap, and a decrease in the percentage of patients being referred for physical therapy or treatment of lymphedema after free TRAM flap reconstruction. Conclusions: The transition from axillary lymph node dissection to sentinel lymph node biopsy has resulted in a change in breast reconstruction practices. The increased use of the internal mammary vessels reflects the decreased dissection of axillary tissue to expose the thoracodorsal vessels with sentinel lymph node biopsy in addition to concern that a subsequent axillary surgery to remove additional axillary nodes might injure the thoracodorsal vessels should they be used in breast reconstruction. Awareness of the decreased morbidity associated with sentinel lymph node biopsy has led patients to expect less morbidity and better aesthetic outcomes from TRAM flap reconstruction.
Countering the Modern Metabolic Disease Rampage With Ancestral Endocannabinoid System Alignment (2019)

When primitive vertebrates evolved from ancestral members of the animal kingdom and acquired complex locomotive and neurological toolsets, a constant supply of energy became necessary for their continued survival. To help fulfill this need, the endocannabinoid (eCB) system transformed drastically with the addition of the cannabinoid-1 receptor (CB1R) to its gene repertoire. This established an eCB/CB1R signaling mechanism responsible for governing the whole organism's energy balance, with its activation triggering a shift toward energy intake and storage in the brain and the peripheral organs (i.e., liver and adipose). Although this function was of primal importance for humans during their pre-historic existence as hunter-gatherers, it became expendable following the successive lifestyle shifts of the Agricultural and Industrial Revolutions. Modernization of the world has further increased food availability and decreased energy expenditure, thus shifting the eCB/CB1R system into a state of hyperactive deregulated signaling that contributes to the 21st century metabolic disease pandemic. Studies from the literature supporting this perspective come from a variety of disciplines, including biochemistry, human medicine, evolutionary/comparative biology, anthropology, and developmental biology. Consideration of both biological and cultural evolution justifies the design of improved pharmacological treatments for obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) that focus on peripheral CB1R antagonism. Blockade of peripheral CB1Rs, which universally promote energy conservation across the vertebrate lineage, represents an evolutionary medicine strategy for clinical management of present-day metabolic disorders.
On Density Based Transforms for Uncertain Data Mining (2007)

In spite of the great progress in the data mining field in recent years, the problem of missing and uncertain data has remained a great challenge for data mining algorithms. Many real data sets have missing attribute values or values which are only approximately measured or imputed. In some methodologies such as privacy preserving data mining, it is desirable to explicitly add perturbations to the data in order to mask sensitive values. If the underlying data is not of high quality, one cannot expect the corresponding algorithms to perform effectively. In many cases, it may be possible to obtain quantitative measures of the errors in different entries of the data. In this paper, we will show that this is very useful information for the data mining process, since it can be leveraged to improve the quality of the results. We discuss a new method for handling error-prone and missing data with the use of density based approaches to data mining. We discuss methods for constructing error-adjusted densities of data sets, and using these densities as intermediate representations in order to perform more accurate mining. We discuss the mathematical foundations behind the method and establish ways of extending it to very large scale data mining problems. As a concrete example of our technique, we show how to apply the intermediate density representation in order to accurately solve the classification problem. We show that the error-based method can be effectively and efficiently applied to very large data sets, and turns out to be very useful as a general approach to such problems.
Gas turbines use ‘abradable’ coatings for clearance-control seals (2002)

Research and development work that has been done by Sulzer Metro has led to ‘abradable’ coatings which are now being used successfully in turbine-engine applications for clearance-control seals of gas leakage over the tips of the blades. This feature, based on an article by Sulzer's Mitchell Dorfman, Ulrich Erning and James Mallon, which appears in Sulzer Technical Review, briefly looks at the underlying technology which, among other reasons, has been developed in response to customers' concerns over increasing demands on turbine operating temperatures and output efficiencies.
Chemical and biological studies of the major DNA adduct of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), cis[Pt(NH3)2{d(GpG)}], built into a specific site in a viral genome (1988)

A duplex Escherichia coli bacteriophage M13 genome was constructed containing a single cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] intrastrand cross-link, the major DNA adduct of the anticancer drug cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II). The duplex dodecamer d(AGAAGGCCTAGA).d(TCTAGGCCTTCT) was ligated into the HincII site of M13mp18 to produce an insertion mutant containing a unique StuI restriction enzyme cleavage site. A genome with a 12-base gap in the minus strand was created by hybridizing HincII-linearized M13mp18 duplex DNA with the single-stranded circular DNA of the 12-base insertion mutant. The dodecamer d(TCTAGGCCTTCT) was synthesized by the solid-phase phosphotriester method and platinated by reaction with cis-[Pt(NH3)2(H2O)2]2+ (yield 39%). Characterization by pH-dependent 1H NMR spectroscopy established that platinum binds to the N7 positions of the adjacent guanosines. The platinated oligonucleotide was phosphorylated in the presence of [gamma-32P]ATP with bacteriophage T4 polynucleotide kinase and incorporated into the 12-base gap of the heteroduplex, thus situating the adduct specifically within the StuI site in the minus strand of the genome. Approximately 80% of the gapped duplexes incorporated a dodecanucleotide in the ligation reaction. Of these, approximately half did so with the dodecanucleotide covalently joined to the genome at both 5' and 3' termini. The site of incorporation of the dodecamer was mapped to the expected 36-base region delimited by the recognition sites of XbaI and HindIII. The cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] cross-link completely inhibited StuI cleavage, which was fully restored following incubation of the platinated genome with cyanide to remove platinum as [Pt(CN)4]2-. Gradient denaturing gel electrophoresis of a 289-base-pair fragment encompassing the site of adduction revealed that the presence of the cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] cross-link induces localized weakening of the DNA double helix. In addition, double- and single-stranded genomes, in which the cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] cross-link resides specifically in the plus strand, were constructed. Comparative studies revealed no difference in survival between platinated and unmodified double-stranded genomes. In contrast, survival of the single-stranded platinated genome was only 10-12% that of the corresponding unmodified single-stranded genome, indicating that the solitary cis-[Pt(NH3)2(d(GpG]] cross-link is lethal to the single-stranded bacteriophage.
RNAdjuvant®, a novel, highly-potent RNA-based adjuvant, combines strong immunostimulatory capacities with a favorable safety profile (2015)

Meeting abstracts Purified recombinant proteins and peptides, which are currently under development in various anti-cancer vaccination approaches, lack sufficient immunogenicity. Therefore, potent adjuvants are needed to induce strong and persistent anti-tumor immunity. However, currently only few