gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metastable Nitric Acid Trihydrate in Ice Clouds (2016)

European Geosciences UnionGeneral Assembly 2016; Vienna (Austria) 17–22 April 2016; https://www.egu2016.eu/
Sensitive photo-thermal response of graphene oxide for mid-infrared detection (2015)

This study characterizes the effects of incident infrared (IR) radiation on the electrical conductivity of graphene oxide (GO) and examines its potential for mid-IR detection. Analysis of the mildly reduced GO (m-GO) transport mechanism near room temperature reveals variable range hopping (VRH) for the conduction of electrons. This VRH behavior causes the m-GO resistance to exhibit a strong temperature dependence, with a large negative temperature coefficient of resistance of approximately -2 to -4% K(-1). In addition to this hopping transport, the presence of various oxygen-related functional groups within GO enhances the absorption of IR radiation significantly. These two GO material properties are synergically coupled and provoke a remarkable photothermal effect within this material; specifically, a large resistance drop is exhibited by m-GO in response to the increase in temperature caused by the IR absorption. The m-GO bolometer effect identified in this study is different from that exhibited in vanadium oxides, which require added gold-black films that function as IR absorbers owing to their limited IR absorption capability.
Absolute-magnetic-field measurement using nanogranular in-gap magnetic sensor with second-harmonic and liquid-nitrogen-temperature operation (2017)

To detect the absolute magnetic field, such as the earth’s magnetic field, a linear magnetic response, a zero point, and thermal stability are required. We thus propose an operating method and sensor probe consisting of a nanogranular in-gap magnetic sensor (GIGS), an operational amplifier integrated circuit, and a modulation coil. The sensor probe was operated in second-harmonic mode at a liquid-nitrogen (Liq. N2) temperature. When an AC magnetic field was applied to GIGS, the second-harmonic signal was generated and modulated by the outer magnetic field to be measured. After lock-in detection, the modulated output signal showed good linearity and a zero point. Moreover, higher sensitivity and low noise with low thermal fluctuation was obtained by the cooling at Liq. N2 temperature.
Spatially and temporally resolved measurements of NO x fluxes byairborne eddy-covariance over Greater London (2021)

Abstract. Flux measurements of nitrogen oxides (NOx) were made over London using airborne eddy-covariance from a low flying aircraft. Seven low altitude flights were conducted over Greater London performing multiple over-passes across the city during eight days in July 2014. NOx fluxes across the Greater London region exhibited high heterogeneity and strong diurnal variability, with central areas responsible for the highest emission rates (20–30 mg m−2 h−1). Other high emission areas included the M25 orbital motorway. The complexity of London’s emission characteristics makes it challenging to pinpoint single emission sources definitively using airborne measurements. Multiple sources, including road transport and residential, commercial and industrial combustion sources are all likely to contribute to measured fluxes. Measured flux estimates were compared to scaled National Atmospheric Emissions Inventory (NAEI) estimates, accounting for; monthly, daily and hourly variability. Significant differences were found between the flux-driven emissions and the NAEI estimates across Greater London, with measured values up to two times higher in Central London than those predicted by the inventory. To overcome the limitations of using the national inventory to contextualise measured fluxes, we used physics-guided flux data fusion to train environmental response functions (ERF) between measured flux and environmental drivers (meteorological and surface). The aim was to generate time-of-day emission surfaces using calculated ERF relationships for the entire Greater London region (GLR). 98 % spatial coverage was achieved across GLR at 400 m2 spatial resolution. All flight leg projections showed substantial heterogeneity across the domain, with high emissions emanating from Central London and major road infrastructure. The diurnal emission structure of the GLR was also investigated, through ERF, with the morning rush-hour distinguished from lower emissions during the early afternoon. Overall, the integration of airborne fluxes with an ERF-driven strategy enabled the first independent generation of surface NOx emissions, at high resolution using an eddy-covariance approach, for an entire city region.
Mechanism of 24,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐mediated inhibition of rapid, 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3‐induced responses: Role of reactive oxygen species (2006)

In intestine, 24,25(OH)(2)D(3), which is made under conditions of calcium-, phosphate-, and 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) sufficiency, inhibits the stimulatory actions of 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) on phosphate and calcium absorption. In the current work, we provide evidence that 24,25(OH)(2)D(3)-mediated signal transduction occurs mechanistically through increased H(2)O(2) production which involves binding of 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) to catalase and resultant decreases in enzyme activity. Physiological levels of H(2)O(2) mimicked the action of 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) on inhibiting 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)-stimulated phosphate uptake in isolated enterocytes. Moreover, the molecular basis of such inhibition was suggested by the presence of two thioredoxin domains in the 1,25D(3)-MARRS protein/ERp57: Exposure of cells to either 24,25(OH)(2)D(3) or H(2)O(2) gradually reduced 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) binding to 1,25D(3)-MARRS protein, between 10 and 20 min of incubation, but not to VDR. Feeding studies with diets enriched in the antioxidants vitamins C and E showed that net phosphate absorption in vivo nearly doubled relative to chicks on control diet. Antioxidant diets also resulted in increased [(3)H]1,25(OH)(2)D(3) binding to both 1,25D(3)-MARRS and VDR, suggesting benefits to both transcription- and membrane-initiated signaling pathways. Intriguingly, phosphorous content of bones from birds on antioxidant diets was reduced, suggesting increased osteoclast activity. Because mature osteoclasts lack VDR, we analyzed a clonal osteoclast cell line by RT-PCR and found it contained the 1,25D(3)-MARRS mRNA. The combined data provide mechanistic details for the 1,25(OH)(2)D(3)/24,25(OH)(2)D(3) endocrine system, and point to a role for the 1,25D(3)-MARRS protein as a redox-sensitive mediator of osteoclast activity and potential therapeutic target.
Growth and Optical Properties of Tm:GdVO4 Single Crystal (1999)

Thulium-doped gadolinium vanadate (Tm:GdVO4) single crystal has been successfully grown by a modified Czochralski (CZ) technique. Effective distribution coefficient of Tm was determined to be 0.74. Absorption characterization was performed in the 800 nm region and the maximum absorption peak was found at 799 nm for p polarization. Fluorescence spectra for tuning at the maximum absorption were obtained around 1.8-2.0µm region with 100 nm bandwidth. This suggests that a Tm:GdVO4 crystal is expected as a new promising LD pumped solid-state laser in the 2µm region.
uMan: A Low-Impedance Manipulator for Human–Robot Cooperation Based on Underactuated Redundancy (2017)

This paper revisits the concept of underactuated manipulator in order to significantly improve physical human-robot cooperation for the assembly industry. The main focus is to achieve intuitive and minimum effort fine manipulation, regardless of the payload's shape and weight. An underactuated manipulator-referred to as uMan-based on a macro-mini architecture is designed with a novel passive mini mechanism, which aims at minimizing the impedance, eliminating the nonlinear impedance, and decoupling the human and robot dynamics. A specific control strategy is developed to achieve these objectives, while handling the underactuated nature of the robot for cooperative and autonomous assistance. Experimental validations are provided to assess the ease of fine manipulation using a peg-in-hole task to demonstrate the safety of the device using an effective collision detection and to establish the viability of the concept for practical industrial assembly tasks.
Abstract PR508 (2016)

Background & Objectives: Fentanyl has been used as an adjunct to local anaesthetics to prolong the duration and improve quality of block. Our study was designed to assess the effectiveness of fentanyl as an adjuvant to ropivacaine infusion in thoracic paravertebral block after modified radical mastectomy. A previous study showed comparable pain scores with and without fentanyl as adjuvant to local anaesthetic. Materials & Methods: 40 females were randomly allocated to receive 0.2% ropivacaine alone (group R) or in combination with 2µg/ml fentanyl (group R+F) at 0.1ml/kg/hr for post operative pain relief after modified radical mastectomy. Fentanyl I.V. was provided through patient controlled analgesia for break through pain. The total fentanyl consumed was calculated as given via PCA and through paravertebral infusion. The difference in pain scores between the groups at rest and during movement at various time intervals and the total fentanyl consumed were designated as the primary outcome. Opioid related side-effects, disturbance of sleep and patient satisfaction were also analysed. Results: 20 patients in each group were analysed. VAS scores (mean [inter quartile range]) was lower in group R+F compared to group R after overnight infusion at rest (1[0-6] vs 2[0-7]; P=0.016) and on movement (2[1-8] vs 2.5[1-8]; P=0.042) & at 60min after surgery on movement (2[1-2] vs 2[0-9]; P=0.010). VAS scores were < 3 at all time intervals in both groups. The total fentanyl consumed was insignificant between both the groups (225µg vs 206µg; P = 0.06). Both groups had similar opioid related side effects, sleep disturbance and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Paravertebral infusion of fentanyl and ropivacaine for modified radical mastectomy results in reduced pain both at rest and on movement after overnight infusion. Pain on movement at 60min post surgery is also better controlled with this combination. However as the VAS score remained < 3 in both the groups at all time intervals, showing addition of fentanyl 2µg/ml to 0.2% ropivacaine at 0.1ml/kg/hour seems to offer no advantage over plain solution of 0.2% ropivacaine at same infusion rate. Disclosure of Interest: None declared
Digital Transformation: Why Projects Fail, Potential Best Practices and Successful Initiatives (2019)

The World Economic Forum predicts that digital transformation initiatives will lead to more than $320 billion of value for the mining and cement industries, a 610 million ton reduction in CO2 emissions, and 1,000 lives saved as worker safety improves. But no one is talking about the fact that most digital transformation initiatives fail before they're fully implemented. The problem isn't isolated either: a recent Gartner study showed that across all market segments, 85% of big data projects fail. How can a company `go digital' safely? This paper will examine the main roadblocks encountered in digital transformation projects: From lack of holistic vision and clear definition of corporate digital strategy, to talent deficits, failure to plan for scalability, and internal resistance to change. We will share some simple ideas that work for our customers, provide information about `ready-to-implement' technologies, and help construct a basic roadmap for implementing digital transformation projects.
Lens aberration control for fine patterning with PSM (2001)

The impact of lens aberration on linewidth control and pattern shift is investigated with aerial image simulation using Zernike sensitivity method through focus to secure sufficient depth-of-focus (DOF). We found 0 and even theta component has large amount of impact on linewidth control in defocused condition due to best focus shift. This phenomenon makes degradation of DOF performance. For actual phase shift mask (PSM) application, DOF performance is very important, so as to reduce the focus shift by lens aberration, and the lens is controlled with pre-correction of best focus deviation in the field. This method is effective to obtain large DOF with PSM.
Hyperspectral imaging for textile sorting in the visible–near infrared range (2019)

Recycling of textile materials is becoming important due to the increasing amount of textile waste and its large environmental impact. The Resyntex project aims at dealing with this textile waste by enabling its chemical recycling. To do so, pure textile materials and blends need to be sorted first. In this paper we evaluate the suitability of hyperspectral imaging for pure and blend textile sorting. We also test the discrimination capacity between denim and non-denim textile, since this is required prior to the de-colouration processes. For this purpose, we use a line-scan sensor in the 450–950 nm range, since its cost, compactness and speed characteristics make it suitable for industrial deployment. To deal with the strong colour interference of the textile a hierarchical classification approach is proposed. The results on the available sample set show promising discrimination potential for material discrimination as well as for denim versus non-denim detection.
Polypropylene-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotube reinforced polypropylene composite bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (2010)

Polypropylene-grafted multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs/PP-g-MA) were prepared via a ring-opening reaction between polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and animated MWCNTs by a solution process. The prepared MWCNTs/PP-g-MA were introduced to the PP nanocomposite bipolar plates, to achieve a high compatibility and good adhesion between MWCNTs and the immiscible PP matrix through PP-g-MA chains. Replacement of amine-terminated groups by PP-g-MA on the MWCNTs leads to covalent grafting of longer copolymer chains to the MWCNTs, and to improve the dispersion of MWCNTs in the PP matrix. The resulting PP nanocomposite bipolar plates with 1, 2, and 4 wt% of MWCNTs/PP-g-MA demonstrates not only improved flexural strengths by 56.3, 68.5, and 70.9%, but also enhanced bulk electrical conductivities by 282, 425, and 473%, respectively, over those of the neat composite bipolar plates. The contact resistance of the MWCNTs/PP-g-MA/PP nanocomposite bipolar plate is 9.1 mOhm cm2, which is lower than the D.O.E. target ∼10 mOhm cm2 in the year 2010. The maximum current density and power density of the single cell test for the nanocomposite bipolar plate with 4 wt% MWCNTs/PP-g-MA are 1.41 A cm−2 and 0.586 W cm−2, respectively, which are 12.4 and 4.56% slightly lower than those of graphite plates. Comparing with pristine MWCNTs/PP nanocomposite bipolar plates, MWCNTs/PP-g-MA/PP nanocomposite bipolar plates are suitable for bipolar plates of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.
Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of Electrospun Nanofibers and Their Application for Aerosol Filtration (2014)

静電紡糸法を用いてポリアクリロニトリル（PAN）を溶かしたジメチルホルムアミド（DMF）の溶液からナノファイバーを作製した．PAN濃度，雰囲気の温度，原料溶液の物性値（粘度，表面張力，電気伝導度）などを広範囲に変化させて紡糸実験を行い，作製されたファイバーの形態への影響を検討した．実験結果より，粘度の上昇に伴い繊維径，ビーズ径，ビーズ長さ，ビーズ間距離が直線的に増大することがわかった．また，ファイバーの形態がビーズ状，スピンドル型のビーズ状，ストレート状，リボン状へと変化する原料溶液の粘度の閾値が初めて明らかとなった．さらに，作製したファイバーを既存のフィルタの上に紡糸しエアフィルタを作製し，単分散のエアロゾル粒子を用いてエアフィルタの捕集効率および圧力損失を測定した結果，ビーズ状ファイバーを用いたフィルタが最も高い捕集効率を示すことがわかった．
Embeddings of hypersurfaces in affine spaces (2000)

In this paper, we address the following two general problems: given two algebraic varieties in ${\bf C}^n$, find out whether or not they are (1) isomorphic; (2) equivalent under an automorphism of ${\bf C}^n$. Although a complete solution of either of these problems is out of the question at this time, we give here some handy and useful invariants of isomorphic as well as of equivalent varieties. Furthermore, and more importantly, we give a universal procedure for obtaining all possible algebraic varieties isomorphic to a given one, and use it to construct numerous examples of isomorphic, but inequivalent algebraic varieties in ${\bf C}^n$. Among other things, we establish the following interesting fact: for isomorphic hypersurfaces $\{p(x_1,...,x_n)=0\}$ and $\{q(x_1,...,x_n)=0\}$, the number of zeros of $grad(p)$ might be different from that of $grad(q)$.
Mehrfachbindungen zwischen Hauptgruppenelementen und Übergangsmetallen, LXXI: Offenkettige und ringförmige Organorhenium‐Komplexe der π‐Aromaten‐Reihe: sauerstoff‐, schwefel‐ und selenhaltige Derivate. Starker statischer trans‐Einfluß in der Kristall‐ und Molekülstruktur von Di‐μ‐sulfido‐bis‐[oxo(η5‐pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhenium(V)] (1989)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung des Re(V)‐Komplexes (η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )ReCl 4 ( 1b ) mit Lithiumhydroxid läßt sich sehr einfach die Schlüsselverbindung (η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Re 2 O 4 ( 2 ) herstellen. Behandlung von 2 mit Kohlenstoffdisulfid in der Hitze gibt den neuen μ‐Sulfido‐Komplex (η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 ) 2 Re 2 (μ‐S) 2 O 2 ( 3 ), der einer Röntgenstrukturanalyse zufolge zueinander trans ‐ständige, stark dezentral π‐koordinierte Ringliganden und brückenständige Schwefelatome aufweist (pseudotetraedrische Metallkoordination). Der Komplex (η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )ReOCl 2 ( 1a ) ergibt mit Silbersalzen von anorganischen und organischen Säuren die neuen Verbindungstypen 4 – 8 und 9a . Die η 2 ‐Sulfito‐ und η 2 ‐Selenito‐Komplexe 9b bzw. 9c erhält man durch Cycloaddition von Schwefel‐ bzw. Selendioxid an Rhenium‐Sauerstoff‐Bindungen von 2 .
FinFET to nanowire transition at 5nm design rules (2015)

Semi-classical and quantum transport approaches are applied and compared to analyze the relative driving strength of nmos nanowires compared to FinFETs at 5nm design rules. Both transport approaches show better-than-expected nanowire drive current. The reason for this strong performance is explained in terms of electrostatic and subband structure effects. The impact of scattering on the fin to nanowire transition is also examined.
Abstract 71: The immunocytokine PD1-IL2v overcomes immune checkpoint resistance, and combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody further enhances its anti-tumor activity (2021)

Abstract Cancer immunotherapies have shown therapeutic benefits in the clinic, but treatments involving immuno-stimulatory agents such as interleukin 2 (IL-2) are typically accompanied by severe adverse events. One strategy to limit the systemic toxicity of IL-2 is to target it specifically to the tumor microenvironment. Here we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of the bi-specific immunocytokine PD1-IL2v in the genetically engineered, spontaneous RIP1-Tag5 (RT5) mouse model of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs). PD1-IL2v is a bi-specific molecule based on a bivalent PD-1 antibody to which a single IL2 variant (IL2v) is fused. PD-1 serves as a targeting moiety to deliver IL2v in cis to PD-1-positive T cells located in the immune tumor microenvironment, and IL2v has been engineered to lack binding to CD25 in order to selectively expand effector T cells but not immuno-suppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs). Although RT5 mice are capable of mounting an adaptive immune response against the tumor-driving oncoprotein, PanNETs developing in RT5 are resistant to immune checkpoint inhibitors. In comparing the untargeted version of IL2v combined with an anti-PD-1 antibody vs. the PD-1 targeted immunocytokine PD1-IL2v, we found that PD1-IL2v, but not the mixture, produced significant anti-tumor activity. PD1-IL2v treatment resulted in a substantial infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the pancreatic islet tumors, which in the context of sustained treatment with PD1-IL2v resulted in tumor regression. Interestingly, following tumor shrinkage, the PanNETs appeared to stabilize and eventually relapsed. Notably, we identified up-regulation of PD-L1 on the tumor vasculature in relapsing tumors as a potential factor in the observed adaptive resistance, which encouraged combining an anti-PD-L1 antibody with PD1-IL2v, leading to enhanced therapeutic benefit. The data obtained in this spontaneous de novo tumor model motivate consideration of evaluating the PD1-IL2v/anti-PD-L1 combination therapy in the clinical setting, in particular in anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 resistant tumors infiltrated with PD1+CD8+ T cells. Citation Format: Stephan Wullschleger, Mélanie Tichet, Laura Codarri-Deak, Pablo Umana, Christian Klein, Douglas Hanahan. The immunocytokine PD1-IL2v overcomes immune checkpoint resistance, and combination with an anti-PD-L1 antibody further enhances its anti-tumor activity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 71.
Dynamic control of photon lifetime for quantum random number generation (2021)

In a passive cavity geometry, there exists a trade-off between resonant enhancement and response time, which is inherently limited by the cavity photon lifetime. We demonstrate frequency-selective, dynamic control of the photon lifetime using a silicon-nitride coupled-ring resonator. The photon lifetime is tuned by controlling an avoided mode crossing using thermo-optic tuning of the cavity resonance with integrated heaters. Using this effect, we achieve fast turn-on/off of a <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> degenerate optical parametric oscillator (DOPO) and on-chip true random number generation. Our approach allows us to overcome the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>Q</mml:mi> </mml:math> -limited generation rate of a single-ring-based DOPO and offers a path toward the development of a scalable integrated high-quality entropy source for modern cryptographic systems.
Towards the specification of access control policies on multiple operating systems (2005)

In the past, operating systems tended to lack well-defined access control policy specification languages and syntax. For example, a UNIX operating system that is based on the discretionary access control (DAC) paradigm has decentralized security policies based on technology that has been developed over the years. With such policies, it is difficult to identify the permissions given to each user, and who has what access to which resources. With the advent of recent security-enhanced operating systems such as SELinux, this is no longer the case; the access control policy for almost all resources is now stored centrally and applied universally throughout the system. This is certainly more manageable but is not without costs. Firstly, such policies tend to be complex. Secondly, as more of such systems are developed, each system would have its own policy specification syntax. A system administrator who intends to evaluate or migrate to a new system would have to learn the syntax of the new system. In this paper, we propose a solution to this problem by introducing the initial design of a new policy specification language that can be used to represent access control policies for multiple operating systems. To serve its purpose, this language must be flexible enough to cater to many operating systems, while being sufficiently extensible to support the specific features of each target operating system. We present the criteria, features, and approach that we are using to design the language. We also describe the role of two systems - SELinux and Systrace - in the design of our language. We also discuss our consideration of ASL as a potential candidate language, and why we chose to design our own language instead.