gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On localising North Atlantic’s microseism sources using time reversal imaging (2023)

The ambient seismic noise is dominated by surface waves associated with ocean microseisms that are defined by a strong acoustic/seismic coupling at the seafloor. The understanding of microseism sources not only benefits seismic passive imaging and monitoring, but can also help track ocean storms using seismic signals recorded on land. Numerical simulations show that heterogeneous seafloor morphologies and structures can significantly affect the propagation of microseism&amp;#8217;s surface waves and therefore the accuracy in locating their origin using traditional methods, such as array beamforming. Here, we aim to investigate how the use of time-reversal imaging can help overcome those limitations. The technique has mainly been developed for acoustics but has been applied successfully in seismology for earthquake localisation.&amp;#160;Time-reversal imaging consists on back-propagating, through a realistic model, the signal measured at a network of receivers so that it eventually refocuses back at its origin.&amp;#160;For this study, simulations are performed using the code SPECFEM3D and a regional 3D acoustic/elastic model of the Irish offshore, with seismic receivers homogeneously distributed along the coast of Ireland. First, methodologies and stations layout are tested with synthetic data generated from forward modelling using different source distributions. Processing approaches for the time-reversed simulation results are investigated in order to optimize the recovery of the original sources.&amp;#160;Following those tests, real time windows of seismic noise &amp;#8220;events&amp;#8221; are then back-propagated into the model with the aim to map the microseism sources associated with local storms in the model area. The results are compared with microseism sources derived from global ocean wave models. Overall, the use of time-reversal imaging for microseism sources localisation looks promising. Although challenging due to the diffuse distribution of sources, there is good potential for developing further our understanding of microseism sources and monitor dominant microseism generation areas in the North Atlantic region with the implementation of a larger model.
Construction of a Positive Selection Marker by a Lethal Gene with the Amber Stop Codon(s) Regulator (2006)

A novel positive selection marker for Escherichia coli transformation was developed. The marker consisted of a DNA fragment encoding the C-terminal ribonuclease domain (CRD) of colicin E3 (colE3) and one or more amber stop codons between the initiation codon and the E3-CRD coding sequence. The toxicity of the marker was controlled by the suppressor activity the host cells possessed. This allowed both effective selection and propagation of the vector possessing the maker by selecting appropriate hosts from among those widely distributed: sup+ strains for selection and sup0 strains for propagation respectively. The insert DNA fragment was introduced onto the vector by replacing the marker DNA. The transformants harboring the vector with an insert grew, but those without an insert were effectively removed by the killing activity of E3-CRD encoded on the marker DNA. The marker was also successfully applied to lambda phage display vector.
P3‐265: DEVELOPMENT OF AN INDICATOR CELL ASSAY FOR BLOOD‐BASED DIAGNOSIS OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2019)

We are developing an indicator cell assay platform (iCAP) for blood-based diagnosis of early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This assay uses standardized, commercially-sourced neurons from a single normal individual as biosensors that detect and respond to AD signals in plasma. The diagnostic readout is the expression level of a small number of selected genes in the indicator cells. We developed an iCAP for AD diagnosis and trained and validated iCAP classifiers with plasma samples from three separate sources. Case samples were from subjects with presymptomatic AD or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD, and control samples were from cognitively normal individuals or patients with non-AD dementia. Classes were defined by CDR scores and Abeta42 levels detected by imaging or CSF analysis. Classifiers were tested by blind independent validation at two stages of data collection. With training and validation sets of 101 and 41 samples, respectively, the assay achieved 69% sensitivity and 91% specificity in distinguishing early stages of AD from normal controls (AUC of ROC = 0.76; ANOVA p-value 0.0065). With training and validation sets of 186 and 50, respectively, the assay distinguished subjects at early stages of AD from normal controls and those with non-AD dementia with AUC of ROC = 0.68 (p-value 0.023; FDR 0.14). Both classifiers used samples from 3 separate sources. This work establishes a paradigm for using cultured cells as biosensors for blood-based diagnosis of AD before clinical onset.
Agent-based pathogen kinetics model (2015)

People who inject drugs (PWID) are at high risk for blood-borne pathogens transmitted during the sharing of contaminated injection equipment, particularly hepatitis C virus (HCV). To adequately address this complexity in HCV epidemic forecasting, we have developed a computational model, the Agent-based Pathogen Kinetics model (APK). APK simulates the PWID population in metropolitan Chicago, including the social interactions that result in HCV infection. See accompanying publication for details. <br> This file provides an installer for APK software and requires Java 7 environment. It could be run from the command line using "java -jar apk_setup_2015-01-09.jar". Source code, demo population files and documentation is available after the installation in the installation directory.
Monte-Calro Simulation of the Tensile Strength in a Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite Including the Effect of Dynamic Behavior Caused by Fiber Breaks. (1992)

A Monte-carlo simulation technique was applied to investigate how the dynamic behavior caused by fiber-breaks affects the tensile failure process and the tensile strength of unidirectional fiber reinforced metals. A shear-lag model was used as the stress analysis method, and the solution for the equation of motion was obtained by the semi-discrete analysis. Such an analysis technique was taken into the simulation procedure, based on the rmin method as proposed in the previous report. Conditions of uniaxial tension in a mono-layer of boron-aluminum composite were simulated fifty times and compared with the case in which the fibers break statically. The results showed that many of the simulated failure processes are quite the same as in the case of the static fiber-breaks, but some of the failure processes indicate the more noncumulative mode. Also, the average of the simulated tensile strengths did not change appreciably and the coefficient of variation increased slightly, in comparison with the case of the static fiber-breaks.
Evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR gene drives (2016)

Abstract The alteration of wild populations has been discussed as a solution to a number of humanity’s most pressing ecological and public health concerns. Enabled by the recent revolution in genome editing, CRISPR gene drives, selfish genetic elements which can spread through populations even if they confer no advantage to their host organism, are rapidly emerging as the most promising approach. But before real-world applications are considered, it is imperative to develop a clear understanding of the outcomes of drive release in nature. Toward this aim, we mathematically study the evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR gene drives. We demonstrate that the emergence of drive-resistant alleles presents a major challenge to previously reported constructs, and we show that an alternative design which selects against resistant alleles greatly improves evolutionary stability. We discuss all results in the context of CRISPR technology and provide insights which inform the engineering of practical gene drive systems.
Effect of Microstructure on Deformation Behavior of Ferrite-Bainite Steels (2005)

Effect of bainite volume fraction on tensile properties of ferrite-bainite steels was investigated experimentally and analytically. Ferrite-bainite steels with different bainite volume fractions having the similar mechanical properties for each constituent phase were prepared and the tensile properties were investigated. Lower yield ratio (YR) and higher n-value were obtained for the steels with bainite volume fraction of 16 to 35%, while the ferrite or bainite single phase steels exhibited relatively higher YR and lower n-value. In order to investigate microscopic deformation behavior of ferrite-bainite steels, an axisymmetric unit cell model based on a regular array of second-phase particles arranged on a BCC lattice was applied. Finite element analyses were carried out to investigate the macroscopic and microscopic response of unit cells with morphological features based on the actual steels. Macroscopic deformation behavior of ferrite-bainite steels calculated by the unit cell model showed good agreement with experimental results. In addition, the effect of bainite volume fraction on YR and n-value was well simulated by the unit cell model. Microscopic investigation on the unit cells revealed that significant strain concentration existed in the ferrite phase near the ferrite/bainite boundary for ferrite-16% and 35% bainite steel, which had higher experimental n-value. However, further increasing of bainite volume fraction caused plastic deformation of bainite phase and the strain concentration was decreased, resulting in lower level of n-value for ferrite-58% bainite steel. Effect of bainite morphology on strain hardening behavior of ferrite-bainite steels was also discussed based on analytical study using the unit cell model.
Advancing Universal Design (2010)

This paper reflects on current practices in universal design and how they can be improved to increase adoption of the concept in mainstream design and engineering disciplines. Theory and practice in the diffusion of innovation are used to identify lessons learned in other fields that can be applied to universal design practice. Questions addressed include: How has the concept of universal design been diffused? Are these methods effective? How could they be improved? What can be done to improve adoption? How can the rehabilitation sciences, health sciences, and other disciplines help advance the effectiveness of universal design practice?
Reconnectable Sub-5 nm Nanogaps in Ultralong Gold Nanowires (2009)

A protocol is described for forming reconnectable sub-5 nm nanogaps in single ultralong (>100 microm) gold nanowires fabricated by lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE). During an initial computer-controlled electromigration process, gold nanowires with a rectangular cross-section were transformed by the formation of a constriction at a single point along the 250 microm length of the nanowire, and within this constriction a nanogap of width <5 nm. After this initial nanogap formation, 42% (19 of 45) of the gaps could be reconnected by applying a voltage ramp, restoring the electrical resistance of the original nanowire to within 10%. The voltage threshold for nanogap reconnection was narrowly distributed across multiple wires and nanogaps and in the range from 2 to 3 V. Using voltage programming, it was possible to cycle between the open and closed states for some nanogaps more than 100 times. We propose that the mechanism for reconnection involves the field evaporation of gold, qualitatively as observed previously for metal transfer from the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope.
A practical analytic model for the radiosity of translucent scenes (2013)

Light propagation in scenes with translucent objects is hard to model efficiently for interactive applications. The inter-reflections between objects and their environments and the subsurface scattering through the materials intertwine to produce visual effects like color bleeding, light glows and soft shading. Monte-Carlo based approaches have demonstrated impressive results but are computationally expensive, and faster approaches model either only inter-reflections or only subsurface scattering. In this paper, we present a simple analytic model that combines diffuse inter-reflections and isotropic subsurface scattering. Our approach extends the classical work in radiosity by including a subsurface scattering matrix that operates in conjunction with the traditional form-factor matrix. This subsurface scattering matrix can be constructed using analytic, measurement-based or simulation-based models and can capture both homogeneous and heterogeneous translucencies. Using a fast iterative solution to radiosity, we demonstrate scene relighting and dynamically varying object translucencies at near interactive rates.
Design of wideband waveguide to microstrip transition for 60 GHz frequency band (2011)

In this paper, design of a planar wideband waveguide to microstrip transition for the 60 GHz frequency band is presented. The designed transition is fabricated using standard high frequency multilayer printed circuit board technology RO4003C. The waveguide to microstrip transition provides low production cost and allows for simple integration of the WR-15 rectangular waveguide without any modifications in the waveguide structure. Results of electromagnetic simulation and experimental investigation of the designed waveguide to microstrip transition are presented. The transmission bandwidth of the transition is equal to the full bandwidth of the WR-15 waveguide (50–75 GHz) for the −3 dB level of the insertion loss that was achieved by special modifications in the general aperture coupled transition structure. The transition loss is lower than 1 dB at the central frequency of 60 GHz.
New brain phantoms suitable for brain scanners with hemisphere detector arrangement (2017)

We have developed the brain-dedicated compact PET scanner which has a hemispherical helmet detector unit and an add-on detector unit located at the neck position (helmet-neck PET). To realize clinical applications of the helmet-neck PET scanner, we need to evaluate the performance regarding their absolute quantitation, image contrast, noise and uniformity using appropriate phantoms. However, existing standard phantoms are not applicable for the helmet-neck PET scanner because of its hemisphere geometry. Therefore, in this study, we developed two new phantoms, a small sphere contrast phantom and a 3-dimensional hemispherical Hoffman brain phantom, which model a brain tumor and static regional cerebral blood flow, respectively. These phantoms have an adaptive structure for use with the PET scanner with hemispherical detector arrangement. In addition, we tested the developed contrast phantom using the helmet-neck PET prototype. The PET image obtained by the helmet-neck PET prototype showed high image contrast and acceptable noise level. These phantoms are useful for evaluating the imaging performance of compact helmet-shape scanners.
Molecular Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Based on a Guest-Host Active Layer: Approaches for Enhancing Device Performance (2000)

Abstract We present a comprehensive study of enhancement mechanisms in electroluminescence devices where the active layer is doped with fluorescent dye. We demonstrate two typical systems where the emission mechanism is based on either energy transfer or direct carrier recombination. For the energy transfer mechanism, we find that the maximum quantum efficiency of multilayered devices depends on the nature of the host in addition to the luminescent properties of the guest, by comparing electroluminescence and absolute photoluminescence quantum yields in various guest-host systems. For the direct carrier recombination mechanism using rubrene as the dopant and TPD as the host, we find that the dual electronic nature of rubrene acting as a hole trap and an electron hopping site is responsible for maximizing the carrier recombination on the dopant molecule.
Frog secretions and hunting magic in the upper Amazon: identification of a peptide that interacts with an adenosine receptor. (1992)

A frog used for "hunting magic" by several groups of Panoan-speaking Indians in the borderline between Brazil and Peru is identified as Phyllomedusa bicolor. This frog's skin secretion, which the Indians introduce into the body through fresh burns, is rich in peptides. These include vasoactive peptides, opioid peptides, and a peptide that we have named adenoregulin, with the sequence GLWSKIKEVGKEAAKAAAKAAGKAALGAVSEAV as determined from mass spectrometry and Edman degradation. The natural peptide may contain a D amino acid residue, since it is not identical in chromatographic properties to the synthetic peptide. Adenoregulin enhances binding of agonists to A1 adenosine receptors; it is accompanied in the skin secretion by peptides that inhibit binding. The vasoactive peptide sauvagine, the opioid peptides, and adenoregulin and related peptides affect behavior in mice and presumably contribute to the behavioral sequelae observed in humans.
Dual-frequency operation of a vertical external-cavity semiconductor laser at 852 nm (2012)

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Carcinogenic mechanisms of endometrial cancer: Involvement of genetics and epigenetics (2014)

Endometrial cancer is increasing worldwide and the number of patients with this disease is likely to continue to grow, including younger patients. Many endometrial cancers show estrogen-dependent proliferation, but the carcinogenic mechanisms are unknown or not completely explained beyond mutations of single oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Possible carcinogenic mechanisms include imbalance between endometrial proliferation by unopposed estrogen and the mismatch repair (MMR) system; hypermethylation of the MMR gene hMLH1; mutation of PTEN, β-catenin and K-ras genes in type I endometrial cancer and of HER-2/neu and p53 genes in type II endometrial cancer; hypermethylation of SPRY2, RASSF1A, RSK4, CHFR and CDH1; and methylation of tumor suppressor microRNAs, including miR-124, miR-126, miR-137, miR-491, miR-129-2 and miR-152. Thus, it is likely that the carcinogenic mechanisms of endometrial cancer involve both genetic and epigenetic changes. Mutations and methylation of MMR genes induce various oncogenic changes that cause carcinogenesis, and both MMR mutation in germ cells and methylation patterns may be inherited over generations and cause familial tumorigenesis. Determination of the detailed carcinogenic mechanisms will be useful for prevention and diagnosis of endometrial cancer, risk assessment, and development of new treatment strategies targeting MMR genes.
Conduction Barriers in Human Atrial Flutter: (1996)

Animal models of atrial flutter and early mapping studies of human atrial flutter have suggested the importance of barriers in this reentrant arrhythmia. The consistency of rate and morphology of typical atrial flutter suggest a common anatomic substrate for this arrhythmia. The unique endocardial architecture of the right atrium provides anatomic barriers around which reentry occurs. In typical human atrial flutter, the crista terminalis, eustachian ridge, and tricuspid annulus have been identified as barriers to conduction. The importance of conduction barriers, methodology for defining barriers, the anatomic substrate for these barriers, and the role of these barriers in other atrial arrhythmias are discussed.
Circulation in Native and Artificial Kidneys (1997)

This interesting volume presents research on all aspects of the circulation in native and artificial kidneys. For the first time, such a specific topic is reviewed by experimental physiologists, pharmacologists, intensive care physicians and nephrologists to reach a multidisciplinary approach to definitions, diagnostic measures and therapeutic inte
Surface Passivation for Si Solar Cells: A Combination of Advanced Surface Cleaning and Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (2012)

Thermal atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 provides an adequate level of surface passivation for both p-type and n-type Si solar cells. To obtain the most qualitative and uniform surface passivation advanced cleaning development is required. The studied pre-deposition treatments include an HF (Si-H) or oxidizing (Si-OH) last step and finish with simple hot-air drying or more sophisticated Marangoni drying. To examine the quality and uniformity of surface passivation - after cleaning and Al2O3 deposition - carrier density imaging (CDI) and quasi-steady-state photo-conductance (QSSPC) are applied. A hydrophilic surface clean that leads to improved surface passivation level is found. Si-H starting surfaces lead to equivalent passivation quality but worse passivation uniformity. The hydrophilic surface clean is preferred because it is thermodynamically stable, enables higher and more uniform ALD growth and consequently exhibits better surface passivation uniformity.
Surgical clipping of a ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm (2015)

Posterior circulation aneurysms are commonly treated with endovascular techniques. In select cases, microsurgery remains an essential tool for treating these lesions. We present a case of a ruptured posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) aneurysm approached via a craniotomy. Given the labyrinth of neurovascular bundles present in the posterior fossa, surgical exposure of PICA aneurysms can be challenging. This video demonstrates the steps of the craniotomy, subarachnoid dissection, mobilization of the vertebral artery and lower cranial nerves, and clipping of the aneurysm. The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/fQSxQj7oL0U .
Application of Low Plasticity Burnishing to Improve Damage Tolerance of a Ti-6Al-4V First Stage Fan Blades (2003)

This paper describes the application of Low Plasticity Burnishing (LPB) to increase the damage tolerance and fatigue strength of a Ti-6Al-4V fan blade that is fatigue life limited by the occurrence of leading edge foreign object damage (FOD) as small as 0.1mm (0.005 in.). The size and location distributions of service generated FOD were documented; no FOD exceeded a depth of 0.5mm (0.020 in.). LPB processing of the fan blade leading edge was therefore designed to provide tolerance of 0.5 mm deep FOD. A zone of –100 ksi through-thickness compression was achieved extending back 6.3 mm chord-wise from the leading edge along the lower half of the blade from the platform to the mid-span damper. Residual stress distributions were measured as functions of depth and position along the leading edge using x-ray diffraction mapping. HCF testing was with the leading edge cantilever loaded under a sustained mean stress (R=0.1). FOD was simulated with 60-degree “V” notches machined into the leading edge at the point of maximum applied stress. The 620 MPa (90 ksi) endurance limit of as-received blades was reduced to less than half by 0.5mm. FOD. LPB produced an HCF strength of 861 MPa (125 ksi) without FOD, and strengths equal or greater than the as-received blades for FOD up to 1.3 mm (0.050 in.) deep an order of magnitude improvement in damage tolerance. Fatigue life modeling confirmed the HCF strength achieved, and suggests FOD tolerance can be further increased by optimizing the size and shape of the compressive zone.