gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovery of Wild-Type and Y181C Mutant Non-nucleoside HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Using Virtual Screening with Multiple Protein Structures (2009)

To discover non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs) that are effective against both wild-type (WT) virus and variants that encode the clinically troublesome Tyr181Cys (Y181C) RT mutation, virtual screening by docking was carried out using three RT structures and more than 2 million commercially available compounds. Two of the structures are for WT-virus with different conformations of Tyr181, while the third structure incorporates the Y181C modification. Eventually nine compounds were purchased and assayed. Three of the compounds show low-micromolar antiviral activity toward either or both the wild-type and Y181C HIV-1 strains. The study illustrates a viable protocol to seek anti-HIV agents with enhanced resistance profiles.
A unified model for integrated resistors in CMOS technologies (2007)

In the present work we present a compact model, oriented to the SPICE-like simulation, that pictures the electrical behavior of integrated resistors fabricated in CMOS technologies. The model accounts for the main electrical features of integrated resistors such as the depletion effects, the head resistance contribution, the velocity saturation and the temperature behavior also including possible self-heating phenomena. It has been validated by considering a wide fan of integrated resistors: n-and p-type, diffused, poly silicon devices. It could be a precious tool for design in analog application, where a very accurate description of the electrical behavior is needed.
A dual reflector antenna for point-to-point system applications (2010)

In this paper design and realization of a dual reflector antenna for receiving Internet signal in the point-to-point system is presented. Three different configurations of dual reflector antenna have been considered to obtain the antenna operating in 5.2 – 5.8 GHz band and having small dimensions. The results of computer simulations and measurements are shown. The design was based on electromagnetic simulations using QW–V2D package (an axisymmetrical version of FDTD software).
An Indium-Free Transparent Resistive Switching Random Access Memory (2011)

We report an indium-free transparent resistive switching random access memory device based on GZO-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -ZnO-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -GZO structure by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The memory device shows good transmittance in the visible region and bipolar resistive switching behavior with good cycling characteristics and retention time under room temperature. The conduction and resistive switching mechanism was discussed based on filament theory.
Spin-orbit torque mediated coupling of terahertz light with nanometer-wavelength magnon modes (2022)

Abstract Nonvolatile and energy-efficient spin-based technologies call for new prospects for realization of logic devices able to operate at terahertz (THz) frequencies. For instance, magnonic elements require an efficient generation of high-energy exchange spin waves at nanometer wavelengths. For this to happen, a substantial coupling of the electro-magnetic stimulus, such as coherent THz field pulses, to the magnon modes is needed. However, the efficient excitation of non-uniform spin waves using THz light is elusive, due to the large momentum mismatch between the millimeter-wave radiation and the exchange-dominated, nanometer-sized, spin waves. Here, we overcome this fundamental problem of light-matter interaction via thin film engineering, exploiting relativistic spin-orbit torques confined to the interfaces of heavy-metal/ferromagnet heterostructures. Using single-cycle broadband THz radiation, we are able to excite spin-wave modes with a frequency of up to 0.6 THz and a wavelength as short as 6 nm. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the coupling of THz light with the exchange-dominated magnons originates solely from interfacial spin-orbit torques. Our results are of general applicability to other magnetic multilayered structures, and offer the prospective of nanoscale control of high-frequency signals.
TCP performance under aggregate fair queueing (2005)

In this paper, we studied TCP performance under aggregate fair queueing (FQ). We first showed the livelock problem of FQ under the DropFront scheme, and proposed a simple solution to the problem. Then, to improve the fairness of aggregate FQ, we proposed a new active buffer-management scheme called ALQD+ (approximated longest queue drop), which is fairer than ALQD. Based on these two enhancements, via simulation, we showed that aggregate FQ provides not only excellent scalability (small scheduling and state-maintenance overheads) but also good performance, especially throughput. In addition to the simulation-based evaluation, we provided a simple performance analysis.
Morphological Characterization of Aggregates of Smoke Aerosols as Recognized by Light Scattering and Absorption Measurements (1996)

Laser diagnostics and radiative heat transfer investigations on flame soot particulates appears to be seriously influenced by the a priori uncertainties connected to the lack of knowledge about the physical and chemical properties of the media under test. Both the uncertainty about soot refractive index [1] and [2],[3] morphology are demonstrated to substantially influence the effectiveness of optical in-situ scattering / absorption measurements.
A study on the relation between industry 4.0 technologies and gamification in e-learning (2022)

Purpose COVID-19 played a crucial role in the development and enlargement of learning via electronic media. Still, the recent fourth industrial revolution [Industry 4.0 (I4.0)] paved the road toward Education 4.0. In this regard, several research challenges arise, involving the preparation of gamification strategies in online learning environments. In this sense, this paper aims to investigate the relationship between technologies of I4.0 and gamification practices in online learning around the world. Specifically, to categorize the studies of the scientific literature in the area into knowledge domains and the mention of I4.0 technologies and to verify the relationship of these technologies with the different educational levels. Design/methodology/approach The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocol was used as a research method with 130 papers included for full content analysis and obtained from the Web of Science. Findings The leading I4.0 technologies mentioned in the analyzed papers were simulation, Internet of Things and augmented/virtual reality, in this order. Although there are more mentioned technologies, the domain of knowledge to be applied and the educational level interfere in choosing these pillars. With this, the main findings of this relationship were exposed in a singular, modern, active, realist, technological framework to demonstrate how I4.0 relates to the practice of gamification in online educational environments. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that brings together the relationship of gamification applied in e-learning with I4.0 technologies.
Recent Developments of High-Brightness Slab Geometry Solid State Lasers. (1993)

Recent developments of high brightness solid state slab-geometry lasers are reviewed. Firstly the definitions of a brightness and a parameter of focusability: Q are described. Secondary, methods to realize the high brightness solid-state lasers are summarized. These methods are classified intothe three categories: (1) reduction of thermal distortion, (2) the compensation of thermal distortionand (3) a resonator for high beam quality. In these methods, a zigzag slab geometry laser withan unstable-stable hybrid-resonator is a promising candidate for a high brightness solid state laser. Finally, a list of the performances of high power slab geometry solid-state lasers is presented.
Nanodiamonds for bioapplications, recent developments (2020)

The world of biomedical research is in constant evolution, requiring more and more conditions and norms through pre-clinic and clinic studies. Nanodiamonds (NDs) with exceptional optical, thermal and mechanical properties emerged on the global scientific scene and recently gained more attention in biomedicine and bioanalysis fields. Many problematics have been deliberated to better understand their in vitro and in vivo efficiency and compatibility. Light was shed on their synthesis, modification and purification steps, as well as particle size and surface properties in order to find the most suitable operating conditions. In this review, we present the latest advances of NDs use in bioapplications. A large variety of subjects including anticancer and antimicrobial systems, wound healing and tissue engineering management tools, but also bioimaging and labeling probes are tackled. The key information resulting from these recent works were evidenced to make an overview of the potential features of NDs, with a special look on emerging therapeutic and diagnosis combinations.
Portrait of an Online Shopper: Understanding and Predicting Consumer Behavior (2015)

Consumer spending accounts for a large fraction of the US economic activity. Increasingly, consumer activity is moving to the web, where digital traces of shopping and purchases provide valuable data about consumer behavior. We analyze these data extracted from emails and combine them with demographic information to characterize, model, and predict consumer behavior. Breaking down purchasing by age and gender, we find that the amount of money spent on online purchases grows sharply with age, peaking in late 30s. Men are more frequent online purchasers and spend more money when compared to women. Linking online shopping to income, we find that shoppers from more affluent areas purchase more expensive items and buy them more frequently, resulting in significantly more money spent on online purchases. We also look at dynamics of purchasing behavior and observe daily and weekly cycles in purchasing behavior, similarly to other online activities. More specifically, we observe temporal patterns in purchasing behavior suggesting shoppers have finite budgets: the more expensive an item, the longer the shopper waits since the last purchase to buy it. We also observe that shoppers who email each other purchase more similar items than socially unconnected shoppers, and this effect is particularly evident among women. Finally, we build a model to predict when shoppers will make a purchase and how much will spend on it. We find that temporal features improve prediction accuracy over competitive baselines. A better understanding of consumer behavior can help improve marketing efforts and make online shopping more pleasant and efficient.
Audio part mixture alignment based on hierarchical nonparametric Bayesian model of musical audio sequence collection (2014)

This paper proposes “audio part mixture alignment,” a method for temporally aligning multiple audio signals, each of which is a rendition of a non-disjoint subset of a common piece of music. The method decomposes each audio signal into shared components and components unique to each rendition. At the same time, it aligns each audio signal based on the shared component. Decomposition of audio signal is modeled using a hierarchical Dirichlet process (Hierarchical DP, HDP), and sequence alignment is modeled as a left-to-right hidden Markov model (HMM). Variational Bayesian inference is used to jointly infer the alignment and component decomposition. The proposed method is compared with a classic audio-to-audio alignment method, and it is found that the proposed method is more robust to the discrepancy of parts between two audio signals.
2A1-A06 Development of Writing Material for Visually Impaired Person and Its Evaluation(Tactile and Force Sensing (1)) (2013)

People with visual impairment generally use raised line drawing kits to draw characters and figures. However, there are some disadvantages of these kits; the drawn line cannot be amended, etc. Therefore, new practicable writing material for the visually impaired should be developed. In this study, we developed improved writing material that overcomes the existing problem of raised line drawing kits. Moreover, to determine the internal diameter of pen tip, we investigated the relationship between the line height and line width of tactile symbols and the ease of shape identification. As the result of this experiment, it is found that it is easy to sense the drawn line when the line height is 2.0 mm and the line width is 3.0 mm. From this study, we obtained the information for determine the specification of internal diameter of pen tip (4.0 mm).
Tools of Change (2002)

This article discusses reconfigurable forming dies that increases the efficiency of small-lot production. Manufacturers have long desired single universal tools that could make many different shapes. Patents for reconfigurable “discrete-die” tooling—dies composed of movable elements such as pins or plates—date back nearly to the inception of the patent office. In forming large sheet metal parts, elastic springback can cause unacceptable part shape errors if the part is formed on a tool whose shape mirrors that of the finished part. Two approaches to tool shape correction have been developed for use with the reconfigurable tool. In one, an iterative technique calculates the correct die shape based on two initial guesses. In the other, a predictive technique uses finite element analysis to model and correct for elastic springback. Cost and benefit analysis has shown the attractiveness of reconfigurable tooling based on the initial investment alone. An even greater benefit could be realized through lowered assembly costs and shortened turnaround time for small production lots. Small-lot production shops are likely to profit by replacing fixed-shape forming tools with reconfigurable tools.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Stetter Cyclization of Morita—Baylis—Hillman Adducts: A Versatile Approach Towards Bicycloenediones. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Contrast Agents in MRI: Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (2007)

The sections in this article are 1 History 2 Synthesis 3 Magnetic Properties 4 Clinical Applications 5 Experimental Use 6 Acknowledgements 7 Biographical Sketches Related Articles
Design and VHDL modeling of all-digital PLLs (2010)

In this paper, a VHDL model of a second-order all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) based on bang-bang phase detectors is presented. The developed ADPLL is destined to be a part of a distributed clock generators based on networks of the ADPLL. The paper presents an original model and architecture of a digital multi-bit phase-frequency detector (PFD), and describes in details the VHDL modeling of metastability issues related with asynchronous operation of the digital PFD. This particular architecture of the digital PHD is required by the synchronised operation of the ADPLL network in the context of distributed clock generator. The whole ADPLL model have been validated by purely behavioral (VHDL) and mixed simulation, in which the digital PFD detector was represented by its transistor-level model.
Stock Price Prediction via Discovering Multi-Frequency Trading Patterns (2017)

Stock prices are formed based on short and/or long-term commercial and trading activities that reflect different frequencies of trading patterns. However, these patterns are often elusive as they are affected by many uncertain political-economic factors in the real world, such as corporate performances, government policies, and even breaking news circulated across markets. Moreover, time series of stock prices are non-stationary and non-linear, making the prediction of future price trends much challenging. To address them, we propose a novel State Frequency Memory (SFM) recurrent network to capture the multi-frequency trading patterns from past market data to make long and short term predictions over time. Inspired by Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), the SFM decomposes the hidden states of memory cells into multiple frequency components, each of which models a particular frequency of latent trading pattern underlying the fluctuation of stock price. Then the future stock prices are predicted as a nonlinear mapping of the combination of these components in an Inverse Fourier Transform (IFT) fashion. Modeling multi-frequency trading patterns can enable more accurate predictions for various time ranges: while a short-term prediction usually depends on high frequency trading patterns, a long-term prediction should focus more on the low frequency trading patterns targeting at long-term return. Unfortunately, no existing model explicitly distinguishes between various frequencies of trading patterns to make dynamic predictions in literature. The experiments on the real market data also demonstrate more competitive performance by the SFM as compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Prototyping and Manufacturing of Magnetic Gearbox Components using Innovations in Castings (2018)

This project combines additive manufacturing with the broadly deployed practice of metal casting. Combining these methods will unlock new design possibilities while reducing the economic burden of early stage prototyping while leveraging well established high throughput sand casting. Two main approaches are evaluated: direct printing of single use sand molds and printing of reusable impression patterns used to create sand molds. Reusable impression molds typically can be used to produce hundreds to several thousands of casting thereby amplifying the function of the 3D printed replica mold. Emrgy’s newly developed and tested proprietary magnetic gearbox system for low head hydroelectricity generation was the subject part of this study. Leveraging ORNL’s additive manufacturing capability and expertise, a pattern impression was produced and used to create multiple sand molds of the gearbox during phase 1. Even before considering the cost savings possible once rigging and pattern mounting is optimized through repetition and improved design, final part costs using this combined method resulted in an 80% cost reduction over EMRGY’s previous method of subtractive manufacturing for gearbox production.
<title>Lapped orthogonal transform for motion-compensated video compression</title> (1991)

Two common techniques for compressing digital video are motion-compensated interframe coding and transform coding. In this paper, we combine the Lapped Orthogonal Transform (LOT) with motion compensated (MC) temporal prediction. The statistical structure of the MC frame differences is distinct from than that of still images. Therefore, we introduce a new lapped transform (the straddle LOT (SLOT)) which considers the structure of the MC frame differences. The combination of the conventional LOT with the SLOT, when applied to the entire image, forms the motion-compensated LOT (MCLOT). We demonstrate, both theoretically and on actual images, that the MCLOT outperforms the conventional LOT when applied to MC frame differences.
Einsatz von Model-Checking für die Entwicklung von Chipkartensystemen (1998)

Es wird ein Verfahren zur Entwicklung von Chipkartensystemen unter Einsatz der formalen Technik des Model-Checking vorgestellt. Dieses umfaßt die Verifikation von Sicherheitseigenschaften, Szenarioanalysen und die Überführung in eine Implementierung. Das Verfahren wird am Beispiel eines Chipkartensystems aus dem Universitätsbereich erläutert und die gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden dargestellt. Die praktischen Erfahrungen zeigen, daß das erläuterte Verfahren dazu beiträgt, die Qualität der entwickelten Systeme zu erhöhen.
Simple yet efficient, transparent airtime allocation for TCP in wireless mesh networks (2010)

In this paper, we explore a simple yet effective technique for explicitly allocating airtime to each active pair of communicating neighbors in a wireless neighborhood so that TCP starvation in a wireless mesh network is avoided. Our explicit allocation is efficient, redistributing unused airtime and also accounting for airtime rendered unusable by external interference. Our technique requires no modifications to TCP/IP and the 802.11 MAC, and is responsive to short flows, MAC-layer auto rate adaptation, and other dynamics, as we demonstrate in extensive experiments on two indoor testbeds. Despite its simplicity, the technique is on average within 12% of the max-min optimal allocation on several topologies.
The Politics of China, 1949-1989 (1993)

Bringing together substantial essays by leading scholars, this volume offers a comprehensive introduction to and analysis of the politics of the People's Republic of China from 1949 to 1989. The first four chapters are drawn from the Cambridge History of China, Volumes 14 and 15. The last chapter, covering the events of the 1980s, has been written specifically for this volume. The particular strength of the volume is the depth of expert knowledge provided for each extraordinary period due to each period being covered by a specialist on the events of that time. The volume should serve equally well for the general reader with an interest in China and for students, as well as serving as a valuable reference for specialists.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES OF THE PHOTOCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR OF (UNDECACARBONYL)TRIFERRATE(2‐) IN SOLUTION (1981)

Abstract Die Bestrahlung von (I) in Gegenwart von Triphenylphosphin ergibt die Derivate (II) und (III) neben CO.
ChemInform Abstract: Micromagnetics: Dynamical Aspects (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multifunctional Luminescent Down‐Shifting Fluoropolymer Coatings: A Straightforward Strategy to Improve the UV‐Light Harvesting Ability and Long‐Term Outdoor Stability of Organic Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2014)

A new multifunctional coating for photovoltaic cells incorporating light‐management, UV‐protection, and easy‐cleaning capabilities is presented. Such coating consists of a new photocurable fluorinated polymer embedding a luminescent europium complex that acts as luminescent down‐shifting (LDS) material converting UV photons into visible light. The combination of this system with ruthenium‐free organic dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) gives a 70% relative increase in power conversion efficiency as compared with control uncoated devices, which is the highest efficiency enhancement reported to date on organic DSSC systems by means of a polymeric LDS layer. Long‐term (&gt;2000 h) weathering tests in real outdoor conditions reveal the excellent stabilizing effect of the new coating on DSSC devices, which fully preserve their initial performance. This excellent outdoor stability is attributed to the combined action of the luminescent material that acts as UV‐screen and the highly photostable, hydrophobic fluoropolymeric carrier that further prevents photochemical and physical degradation of the solar cell components. The straightforward approach presented to simultaneously improve performance and outdoor stability of DSSC devices may be readily extended to a large variety of sensitizer/luminophore combinations, thus enabling the fabrication of highly efficient and extremely stable DSSCs in an easy and versatile fashion.