gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-assembled ErAs islands in GaAs: Growth and subpicosecond carrier dynamics (1999)

We report the growth of self-assembled ErAs islands embedded in GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy. The nucleation of ErAs on GaAs occurs in an island growth mode leading to spontaneous formation of nanometer-sized islands. Several layers of ErAs islands separated by GaAs can be stacked on top of each other to form a superlattice. X-ray diffraction shows superlattice fringes from such samples. Pump–probe measurements indicate carrier capture times as short as 120 fs. These capture times are strongly correlated with the period of the superlattice.
Suppressing Plasma Induced Degradation of Gate Oxide Using Silicon-on-Insulator Structures (1998)

Plasma-process induced degradation of gate oxide of metal/oxide/silicon (MOS) devices on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structures and bulk wafers was investigated. In order to evaluate the degradation of the gate oxide, the charge-to-breakdown Q bd of the MOS capacitors was measured under a constant current condition. It was found that the degradation of the gate oxide could be drastically suppressed using SOI. A thicker buried oxide layer showed greater suppression of the gate oxide degradation. A smaller device island size showed lower gate oxide degradation, although the dependence was rather weak. An electrical model is discussed, to account for the effect of SOI, in which the capacitance of the buried oxide played a key role in suppressing the degradation.
Research data supporting: "Local Versus Long-Range Diffusion Effects of Photoexcited States on Radiative Recombination in Organic–Inorganic Lead Halide Perovskites" (2015)

Data provided supports the information provided in the paper and is measured as described in the paper.
What's in a “Smile?” Intra-operative Observations of Contralateral Smiles Induced by Deep Brain Stimulation (2004)

DBS in the region of the nucleus accumbens produced smile and euphoria suggesting that alterations in the ventral striatum may result in emotional experience and displays. We hypothesize the existence of a limbic-motor network responsible for such changes. This observation suggests that DBS may be useful as a therapy for mood disorders.
Data Quality in Rare Cancers Registration: The Report of the RARECARE Data Quality Study (2016)

Our study suggests that the problem of poorly specified morphology and topography cases is mainly one of difficulty in reaching a precise diagnosis. The awareness of the importance of data quality for rare cancers should increase among registrars, pathologists, and clinicians.
Postural Control Strategies in Standing With Handrail Support and Active Assistance From Robotic Upright Stand Trainer (RobUST) (2021)

In people with severe neuromotor deficits of trunk and lower extremities, regaining balance in standing is often performed in rehabilitation with manual assistance, rigid body supports or by the use of handrails. To investigate and further expand postural control training in standing, we developed a Robotic Upright Stand Trainer (RobUST). In this study, we used RobUST to deliver trunk perturbations while simultaneously providing postural assistive forces on the pelvis in 10 able-bodied adults. Posture control responses with 'pelvic support' was then compared to 'no support' and 'hand supported' standing, with and without assistance from RobUST. We characterize postural imbalance with kinematic displacements and center of pressure (COP) outcomes, such as amplitude and root mean square of the excursions of COP. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was also applied to investigate muscle control. We additionally investigated ground reaction and handrail forces during standing to analyze how postural strategies and muscle mechanisms with 'pelvic support' via RobUST would differ from standing with 'no support' and with the 'handrail support'. Our results show that during perturbations, pelvic assistive support decreased kinematic and COP excursions compared to standing with no support. The pelvic assistance from RobUST showed similar level of COP changes as the use of handrail support but without reducing muscle activity or ground reaction forces. As expected, the maximum level of postural stability was observed when participants used the handrail and received pelvic assistive forces. In conclusion, RobUST demonstrates potential as a training device since it enhances postural balance without significantly removing muscular control mechanisms that are of interest in re-training postural control strategies in standing.
Active EMI filters for automotive motor drives (2005)

EM1 filters for automotive motor drives must achieve stringent EM1 specifications while meeting tight cost constraints. This paper explores the use of low-cost active circuitry to suppress motor drive emissions, thus reducing passive filtration requirements. Challenges to the use of active EM1 filters in this application are outlined, and means for addressing these challenges are presented. A voltage sense, current drive active filter is developed that greatly enhances the performance of filter capacitors. The proposed approach is applied to an input filter for an automotive electro-hydraulic power steering pump drive. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the feasibility and high performance of this approach and illustrate its advantages over conventional filter designs.
Progesterone receptor agonists and antagonists (1999)

Steroidal progestin agonists have long been used in oral contraceptives, and the progestin antagonist mifepristone is used as an abortifacient. Progestin antagonists are also likely to be useful for treating breast cancer and various gynaecological disorders. This patent review relates to progestin receptor agonists and antagonists, focusing on applications filed over the past three years. Two emerging themes will be elaborated upon: the development of novel steroidal and non-steroidal compounds, and the elucidation of new therapeutic uses for progestin antagonists.
Cellular perception and misperception: Internal models for decision‐making shaped by evolutionary experience (2016)

Cells live in dynamic environments that necessitate perpetual adaptation. Since cells have limited resources to monitor external inputs, they are required to maximize the information content of perceived signals. This challenge is not unique to microscopic life: Animals use senses to perceive inputs and adequately respond. Research showed that sensory-perception is actively shaped by learning and expectation allowing internal cognitive models to "fill in the blanks" in face of limited information. We propose that cells employ analogous strategies and use internal models shaped through the long process of evolutionary adaptation. Given this perspective, we postulate that cells are prone to "misperceptions," analogous to visual illusions, leading them to incorrectly decode patterns of inputs that lie outside of their evolutionary experience. Mapping cellular misperception can serve as a fundamental approach for dissecting regulatory networks and could be harnessed to modulate cell behavior, a potentially new avenue for therapy.
Conserved Composition of Nod Factors and Exopolysaccharides Produced by Different Phylogenetic Lineage Sinorhizobium Strains Nodulating Soybean (2018)

The structural variation of symbiotic signals released by rhizobia determines the specificity of their interaction with legume plants. Previous studies showed that <i>Sinorhizobium</i> strains from different phylogenetic lineages had different symbiotic performance on certain cultivated soybeans. Whether they released similar or different symbiotic signals remained unclear. In this study, we compared their <i>nod</i> and <i>exo</i> gene clusters and made a detailed structural analysis of Nod factors and EPS by ESI-MS/MS and two dimensions NMR. Even if there are some differences among <i>nod</i> or <i>exo</i> gene clusters; they produced much conserved Nod factor and EPS compositions. The Nod factors consist of a cocktail of β-(1, 4)-linked tri-, tetra-, and pentamers of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc). The C2 position on the non-reducing terminal end is modified by a lipid chain that contains 16 or 18 atoms of carbon-with or without unsaturations-, and the C6 position on the reducing residue is decorated by a fucose or a 2-O-methylfucose. Their EPS are composed of glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, pyruvic acid in the ratios 5:1:2:1 or 6:1:2:1. These findings indicate that soybean cultivar compatibility of <i>Sinorhizobium</i> strains does not result from Nod factor or EPS structure variations. The structure comparison of the soybean microbionts with other <i>Sinorhizobium</i> strains showed that Nod factor structures of soybean microbionts are much conserved, although there are no specific genes shared by the soybean microsymbionts. EPS produced by <i>Sinorhizobium</i> strains are different from those of <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>. All above is consistent with the previous deduction that Nod factor structures are related to host range, while those of EPS are connected with phylogeny.
Electrostatic comb drive for vertical actuation (1997)

The electrostatic comb finger drive has become an integral design for microsensor and microactuator applications. This paper reports on utilizing the levitation effect of comb fingers to design vertical-to-the-substrate actuation for interferometric applications. For typical polysilicon comb drives with 2 micrometers gaps between the stationary and moving fingers, as well as between the microstructures and the substrate, the equilibrium position is nominally 1-2 micrometers above the stationary comb fingers. This distance is ideal for many phase shifting interferometric applications. Theoretical calculations of the vertical actuation characteristics are compared with the experimental result, and a general design guideline is derived from these result. The suspension flexure stiffness, gravity forces, squeeze film damping, and comb finger thicknesses are parameters investigated which affect the displacement curve of the vertical microactuator. By designing a parallel plate capacitor between the suspended mass and the substrate, in situ position sensing can be used to control the vertical movement, providing a total feedback-controlled system. Fundamentals of various capacitive position sensing techniques are discussed. Experimental verification is carried out by a Zygo distance measurement interferometer.
Incision characteristics associated with six laparoscopic trocar-cannula systems: a randomized, observer-blinded comparison (1999)

Blunt conical trocar-cannula systems resulted in significantly smaller fascial defects compared with the widely used pyramidal and the two cutting-dilating trocar-cannula systems tested. These differences have potential clinical implications. For example, smaller fascial defects could reduce risk of incisional hernia and dehiscence.
Packaging and performance of 980nm broad area semiconductor lasers (2006)

High power broad area semiconductor lasers have found increasing applications in pumping of solid state laser systems and fiber amplifiers, frequency doubling, medical systems and material processing. Packaging including the assembly design, process and thermal management, has a significant impact on the optical performance and reliability of a high power broad area laser. In this paper, we introduce the package structures and assembling process of 980nm broad area lasers and report the performances including output power, thermal behavior and far fields. We will report two types of high power broad area laser assemblies. One is a microchannel liquid cooled assembly and the other is a conduction cooled CT-mount assembly. Optical powers of 15W and 10W were achieved from a 980nm broad area laser with a 120 m stripe width in a microchannel liquid cooled assembly and conduction cooled CT-mount assembly, respectively. Furthermore, a high power of 6.5W out of fiber was demonstrated from a pigtailed, fully packaged butterfly-type module without TEC (thermoelectric cooler). The measurement results showed that thermal management is the key in not only improving output power, but also significantly improving beam divergence and far field distribution. The results also showed that the die attach solder can significant impact the reliability of high power broad area lasers and that indium solder is not suitable for high power laser applications due to electromigration at high current densities and high temperatures.
Transient ion disturbances in traveling wave tubes (2002)

It is known that the presence of ions in a traveling wave tube (TWT) can lead to periodic variations in the output power, phase and the body (or helix) current. This has been referred to in the open literature as ion noise and, in internal memoranda, as helix jitter and ticking. There have been several proposed mechanisms but it is generally understood to be due to an ion induced relaxation oscillation. Recently we have observed a different form of helix jitter and while it is still observed as a small variation on the TWT output, it is not periodic. We refer to this as "random jitter" since its random nature is a defining characteristic. A study was undertaken to understand and eliminate this source of noise. It was found that random jitter was due to the spurious release of extremely small amounts of trapped gas inside the TWT. This leads to an increase in the population of trapped ions that, in turn, leads to a sudden de-trapping event. This was readily observed as disturbances in the body current, output power, and phase of the RF signal. These spiky events have a relatively fast rise (/spl sim/1 ms) and slow (/spl sim/500 ms) decay characteristic.
Graphene-Based Spiral Nanoantenna for Intrabody Communication at Terahertz (2018)

In this paper, a graphene-based spiral nanoantenna is proposed and investigated for intrabody communication at the Terahertz (THz) frequency band (0.1-10 THz). A spiral antenna configuration is adopted as it possesses various degrees of freedom and exhibits geometries that facilitate miniaturization, which is crucial for practical deployment of nanobiosensors. Graphene is used in the design of the spiral nanoantenna since it results in the excitation of plasmonic eigenmodes, which lead to strong resonances in the lower THz band. Full wave simulation of the proposed spiral nanoantenna is carried out by COMSOL Multiphysics, to obtain the nanoantenna parameters. The desirable features attained, along with its compact size and circularly polarized characteristic, make the proposed spiral antenna design suitable for intrabody nano-communication applications.
Multiple Enzymic Activities of the Human Cytosolic 85-kDa Phospholipase A2: Hydrolytic Reactions and Acyl Transfer to Glycerol (1995)

The recombinant human 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2), when assayed in the presence of glycerol, catalyzes the transfer of acyl chains of radiolabeled phosphatidylcholine and para-substituted phenyl esters of fatty acids to glycerol, in addition to hydrolyzing these substrates. The product of the transacylation reaction is monoacylglycerol (MAG), and the acyl chain is predominantly esterified (> or = 95%) to a primary hydroxyl group of glycerol (sn-1/3); the stereochemistry is not known. Increasing concentrations of glycerol accelerate enzyme turnover both by providing an additional mechanistic pathway for the enzyme-substrate complex to form products and by increasing the intrinsic hydrolytic and transacylation activities of the enzyme. Significant enzymatic hydrolysis of sn-1/3-arachidonylmonoacylglycerol was measured, while sn-1/3-alpha-linolenoyl- and sn-2-arachidonylmonoacylglycerols were not detectably hydrolyzed. 1,3-Propanediol also serves as an acyl acceptor for the enzyme. cPLA2 hydrolyzes analog of lysophosphatidylcholine that lacks the sn-2 hydroxyl group. The enzyme will hydrolyze sn-1-acyl chains of rac-1-(arachidonyl, alpha-linolenoyl, palmitoyl)-2-O-hexadecyl-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipids and transfer the acyl chain to glycerol. Thus, cPLA2 has phospholipase A1 activity but only if an ether linkage rather than an ester linkage is present at the sn-2 position, and it is shown that the sn-1 acyl chains of both enantiomers of phosphatidylcholine are hydrolyzed. Phenyl [14C]-alpha-linolenate and five para-substituted phenyl esters of [3H]-alpha-linolenic acid with pKa values ranging from 7.2 to 10.2 for the phenol leaving groups were incorporated into 1,2-ditetradecyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphomethanol/Triton X-100 mixed micelles as substrates for the transacylation/hydrolysis reactions of the enzyme. Average product ratios, which are defined as the amount of monoacylglycerol formed to phenyl ester hydrolyzed, were 2.1 +/- 0.1 (n = 5) for the para-substituted phenyl esters and 2.0 +/- 0.3 (n = 7) for phenyl alpha-linolenate. The similarity of the ratios, despite the range of pKa values for the leaving groups, is consistent with the formation of a common enzyme intermediate that partitions to give either fatty acid or MAG. That intermediate may be a covalent acyl enzyme. Finally, the acyl chain specificity of cPLA2 was investigated to better understand the preference of the enzyme for phospholipids with sn-2-arachidonyl chains.
Infrared reflectance characterization of ammonium nitrate residue on roughened aluminum for potential bioinspired stand-off sensor (2019)

Detection of explosives on surfaces could potentially be achieved using handheld standoff optical sensors, providing rapid intelligence and safety to the warfighter or first responder. Recent work has shown the capability to discriminate various chemical vapors using a bioinspired or biomimetic detection system modeled on human color vision. This biomimetic system utilizes three overlapping broadband infrared optical filters to discriminate between various chemicals. Preliminary reflectance data of chemicals on surfaces indicate a capability for discrimination of target chemicals and interferents by analysis of biomimetic sensor output using novel analytical methods such as “Comparative Discrimination Spectral Detection” (CDSD). Transitioning this detection method to threats on surfaces at proximate standoff distances (~1 m) requires additional considerations including surface characteristics and angle of detection. This work explores sensor detection parameters for ammonium nitrate residue on aluminum surfaces of various roughnesses. Samples of the explosives component ammonium nitrate, NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub>, diluted at 10%, 5%, and 1% in DI water, were prepared by dropcasting onto aluminum coupons with four surface finishes: polished, brushed, extruded, and sandblasted. Surface roughnesses were measured. Single beam reflectance spectra (2 – 20 &mu;m) were collected using a FTIR spectrometer over multiple independent angles of incidence and collection (15&deg; - 80&deg;). Multiple factors were analyzed including albedo, and potential sensor configurations. Characteristics for future MWIR and LWIR sensors, such as illumination power and detector sensitivity, are evaluated which enable chemical spectral identification across range of aluminum surface roughness for proximate standoff distances and different angles of incidence.
Development and Deployment of In Situ Mass Spectrometers (2009)

Abstract : Long-term goals for this project include deployment of mass spectrometers on network class autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) for in-situ detection, quantification and mapping of both volatile and non-volatile species in the water column. Ultimately we envision adaptation of our instruments as self-directed, true panoramic chemical sensors capable of, e.g., tracing dispersion of chemicals from point sources and investigating the evolution of reactive chemical species.
Supplementary Figure S16 from Evolution of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer in ctDNA during Sequential Androgen Receptor Pathway Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S16 shows patients without evidence for somatic mutation profile change after treatment progression based on 72-gene targeted sequencing&lt;/p&gt;
Laser pulse shaping for additive manufacturing (2023)

A system for additive manufacturing uses a pulsed laser beam with one or more low flux components on the order of kW/cm2, and one or more high flux components on the order of MW/cm2 during the duration of the pulse. The pulsed laser beam is directed onto the powder particles on the substrate thereby melting the powder particles and melting the substrate at the interface layer between the powder and the substrate such that the powder particles bond to the substrate. This is accomplished by using low power (and low cost) lasers to do the majority of the energy transfer, and using high power (and higher cost) lasers to complete the melting process, overcoming the kinetics of powder agglomeration through surface tension forces by partially melting the powder-substrate interface layer before surface tension can take effect on the molten powder particles.
A 35mW8 b 8.8 GS/s SAR ADC with low-power capacitive reference buffers in 32nm Digital SOI CMOS (2013)

An asynchronous 8x interleaved redundant SAR ADC achieving 8.8GS/s at 35mW and 1V supply is presented. The ADC features pass-gate clocking for time-skew minimization and per-channel gain control based on low-power reference voltage buffers. The sub-ADC stacks the capacitive SAR DAC (CDAC) with the reference capacitor to reduce the area and enhance the settling speed. It achieves 38.5dB SNDR and 58fJ/conversion-step with a core chip area of 0.025mm2 in 32nm CMOS SOI technology.
Effects of radiated electromagnetic fields on measurements performed by air-core passive LPCTs (2015)

The increasing interest versus the employment as measuring transformer of air-core current transformers, such as for example Rogowski coils, is mainly due a combination of factors: linearity, bandwidth, no saturation, small size, lightweight. International standard are therefore endorsing specific requirements and the performance of this kind of current sensors must be stressed under different working condition. In this paper, the effect of radiated electromagnetic fields on measurements performed by air-core current transformers are investigated with the aim of verifying if proper EMC tests are needed.
Extraction of Primitives from ZF-SQRD Algorithm for a DSP Platform (2007)

Implementing complex algorithms on hardware platforms is time consuming. In order to reduce the software efforts needed to implement new algorithms on either a single or multiple digital signal processor platform, it becomes very relevant to predict various metrics. The number of cycles required for an Arithmetical/Logical Unit (ALU) to process an algorithm, memory usage, both ratios data/MIPS and MlPS/data, power consumption are good metrics' illustrators. This paper is focused on the prediction of the resources required by the ALU of a TMS320C6711 processor (Texas Instruments) in order to process in real-time, data through zero forcing sorted QR decomposition (ZF-SQRD) algorithm. A brief description of the ZF-SQRD algorithm and the methodology used to perform the predictions are presented. Moreover, the results of the studies show that for different number of antennas at the transmitter and at the receiver, the expected number of cycles values are quite similar to the simulation ones under appropriate simulation settings.
Complexity of computations (1977)

The framework for research in the theory of complexity of computations is described, emphasizing the interrelation between seemingly diverse problems and methods. Illustrative examples of practical and theoretical significance are given. Directions for new research are discussed.