gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Tissue Atlas and Online Tool for the Interrogation of Small RNA Expression in Human Tissues and Biofluids (2022)

One promising goal for utilizing the molecular information circulating in biofluids is the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers. Extracellular RNAs (exRNAs) are one of the most diverse classes of molecular cargo, easily assayed by sequencing and with expressions that rapidly change in response to subject status. Despite diverse exRNA cargo, most evaluations from biofluids have focused on small RNA sequencing and analysis, specifically on microRNAs (miRNAs). Another goal of characterizing circulating molecular information, is to correlate expression to injuries associated with specific tissues of origin. Biomarker candidates are often described as being specific, enriched in a particular tissue or associated with a disease process. Likewise, miRNA data is often reported to be specific, enriched for a tissue, without rigorous testing to support the claim. Here we provide a tissue atlas of small RNAs from 30 different tissues and three different blood cell types. We analyzed the tissues for enrichment of small RNA sequences and assessed their expression in biofluids: plasma, cerebrospinal fluid, urine, and saliva. We employed published data sets representing physiological (resting vs. acute exercise) and pathologic states (early- vs. late-stage liver fibrosis, and differential subtypes of stroke) to determine differential tissue-enriched small RNAs. We also developed an online tool that provides information about exRNA sequences found in different biofluids and tissues. The data can be used to better understand the various types of small RNA sequences in different tissues as well as their potential release into biofluids, which should help in the validation or design of biomarker studies.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Analytic Validation of RNA <i>In Situ</i> Hybridization (RISH) for AR and AR-V7 Expression in Human Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2: AR-E1 RISH signals show greater nuclear localization compared to other genes and are decreased with RNase pre-treatment of slides prior to RISH assay. (A) AR-E1 RISH signal shows dramatic nuclear localization (arrows) with some cytoplasmic signal (arrowheads) across benign and malignant primary prostate tumors, including some that have been treated with androgen deprivation therapy. In contrast, other genes such as positive control gene PPIB (cyclophilin B) show only cytoplasmic signal. (B) Both intranuclear and cytoplasmic signals are markedly decreased and nearly undetectable after RNase, confirming both signals correspond to RNA. (C) qRT-PCR analysis of LNCaP and LAPC4 cells performed on nuclear and cytosolic fractions of RNA (accompanying immunoblot confirms appropriate laminin and GAPDH enrichment in each fraction) reveals abundance of unspliced AR RNA in the nuclear compartment of both cell lines, while spliced AR message is present in both compartments.&lt;/p&gt;
Chewing Oscillopsia (1984)

A 60-year-old man had a history of frontal headaches and chewing-related oscillopsia. Examination disclosed a retro-orbital epidermoid cyst that had eroded through the lateral orbital wall and under the temporalis muscle. The illusion of movement was due to mechanical displacement of the tumor mass and eye by contraction of the temporalis muscle. Removal of the cyst produced complete remission of the oscillopsia.
Frequent deletion of the transgene in T cell receptor β chain transgenic mice (1993)

TCR V beta 8.1 transgenic mice were generated using a genomic TCR V beta gene construct under the control of its promoter and enhancer. Among three lines of transgenic mice, one line expressed the transgenic TCR on only approximately 70% of peripheral T cells, while the other two lines expressed it on almost all mature T cells. T cells which lacked expression of the transgenic TCR beta chain expressed endogenous TCR beta chains. The molecular basis underlying the lack of transgene expression in T cells of this line of transgenic mice was investigated. The transgenic TCR- cells were isolated by two methods. First, Thy-1+ V beta 8.1/8.2- cells were purified from peripheral T cells using cell sorting. Second, transgenic TCR- T cell clones were established. In both cases, Southern blotting indicated that V beta 8.1- T cells had deleted the transgenic TCR gene. Thus, deletion of the transgenic TCR can occur in a high proportion of T cells, which allows rearrangement and expression of endogenous TCR beta chains.
Polymer-waveguide-based fully embedded board-level optoelectronic interconnects (2002)

A fully embedded board-level guided wave optical interconnection is presented to solve the packaging compatibility problem. All elements involved in providing high speed optical communications within a board are demonstrated. Experimental results on a 12-channel linear array of polymeric waveguides, thin film VCSELs (10 &#956;m), and GaAs MSM photodetectors suitable for a fully embedded implementation are provided. By embedded approach, all the real estate of the PC board surface are occupied by electronics so that one only observes the performance enhancement due to the employment of optical interconnection without any interface problems between electronic and optoelectronic components. Thin film 1X12 linear array VCSEL and GaAs MSM detector were demonstrated and thermal management issue of the VCSEL in the fully embedded scheme was discussed.
Synthesis of 18F-Tetrafluoroborate via Radiofluorination of Boron Trifluoride and Evaluation in a Murine C6-Glioma Tumor Model (2016)

A rapid, practical, and high-specific-activity synthesis of the NIS reporter probe (18)F-TFB was achieved via direct radiofluorination on BF3 using an automated synthesis system. The synthesis of high-specific-activity (18)F-TFB should enable future clinical studies with hNIS gene reporter viral constructs.
Techno-Economic Analysis of an SOFC Hybrid Carbon Conversion Concept (2023)

This is a presentation prepared for the 2023 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Seminar to take place in Long Beach, CA on February 7-9, 2023. The presentation highlights analysis recently conducted by NETL on the cost and performance associated with operating SOFC systems in a hybridized configuration with compressed air energy storage.
Control of Particle Morphology from Porous to Hollow by Spray-Drying with a Two-Fluid Nozzle and Template Materials (2007)

二流体ノズルを用いた噴霧乾燥装置によりチタニアおよびシリカコロイドナノ粒子とテンプレート材料（polystyrene latex: PSL）のコンポジット粒子を製造し，有機溶媒または加熱によりテンプレート材料を除去することで，チタニア，シリカの多孔質粒子，中空粒子の合成を検討した．これより二流体ノズルを用いた噴霧乾燥装置により，平均粒子径1.31 μm，幾何標準偏差約1.59の多孔質粒子を合成することが可能となった．またテンプレート材料の粒子径を変化させることで，多孔質粒子のポア径を制御できることが確認され，さらに300 nm以上のテンプレート材料を用いることで中空粒子が合成されることが明らかとなった．またテンプレート材料と熱分解温度が近い有機材料（ポリエチレングリコール: PEG）についても，有機溶媒によるテンプレート材料の除去を行うことで多孔質粒子の合成が可能であった．
Lossless image compression with projection-based and adaptive reversible integer wavelet transforms (2003)

Reversible integer wavelet transforms are increasingly popular in lossless image compression, as evidenced by their use in the recently developed JPEG2000 image coding standard. In this paper, a projection-based technique is presented for decreasing the first-order entropy of transform coefficients and improving the lossless compression performance of reversible integer wavelet transforms. The projection technique is developed and used to predict a wavelet transform coefficient as a linear combination of other wavelet transform coefficients. It yields optimal fixed prediction steps for lifting-based wavelet transforms and unifies many wavelet-based lossless image compression results found in the literature. Additionally, the projection technique is used in an adaptive prediction scheme that varies the final prediction step of the lifting-based transform based on a modeling context. Compared to current fixed and adaptive lifting-based transforms, the projection technique produces improved reversible integer wavelet transforms with superior lossless compression performance. It also provides a generalized framework that explains and unifies many previous results in wavelet-based lossless image compression.
Physics–Guided Neural Networks for Feedforward Control: From Consistent Identification to Feedforward Controller Design (2022)

Model–based feedforward control improves tracking performance of motion systems if the model describing the inverse dynamics is of sufficient accuracy. Model sets, such as neural networks (NNs) and physics–guided neural networks (PGNNs) are typically used as flexible parametrizations that enable accurate identification of the inverse system dynamics. Currently, these (PG)NNs are used to identify the inverse dynamics directly. However, direct identification of the inverse dynamics is sensitive to noise that is present in the training data, and thereby results in biased parameter estimates which limit the achievable tracking performance. In order to push performance further, it is therefore crucial to account for noise when performing the identification. To address this problem, this paper proposes a forward system identification using (PG)NNs from noisy data. Afterwards, two methods are proposed for inverting PGNNs to design a feedforward controller. The developed methodology is validated on a real–life industrial linear motor, where it showed significant improvements in tracking performance with respect to the direct inverse identification.
Membrane-Fusing Capacity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Proteins Determines the Efficiency of CD4+T-Cell Depletion in Macaques Infected by a Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (2001)

The mechanism of the progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, which underlies the development of AIDS in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)-infected individuals, is unknown. Animal models, such as the infection of Old World monkeys by simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) chimerae, can assist studies of HIV-1 pathogenesis. Serial in vivo passage of the nonpathogenic SHIV-89.6 generated a virus, SHIV-89.6P, that causes rapid depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes and AIDS-like illness in monkeys. SHIV-KB9, a molecularly cloned virus derived from SHIV-89.6P, also caused CD4+ T-cell decline and AIDS in inoculated monkeys. It has been demonstrated that changes in the envelope glycoproteins of SHIV-89.6 and SHIV-KB9 determine the degree of CD4+ T-cell loss that accompanies a given level of virus replication in the host animals (G. B. Karlsson et. al., J. Exp. Med. 188:1159-1171, 1998). The envelope glycoproteins of the pathogenic SHIV mediated membrane fusion more efficiently than those of the parental, nonpathogenic virus. Here we show that the minimal envelope glycoprotein region that specifies this increase in membrane-fusing capacity is sufficient to convert SHIV-89.6 into a virus that causes profound CD4+ T-lymphocyte depletion in monkeys. We also studied two single amino acid changes that decrease the membrane-fusing ability of the SHIV-KB9 envelope glycoproteins by different mechanisms. Each of these changes attenuated the CD4+ T-cell destruction that accompanied a given level of virus replication in SHIV-infected monkeys. Thus, the ability of the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins to fuse membranes, which has been implicated in the induction of viral cytopathic effects in vitro, contributes to the capacity of the pathogenic SHIV to deplete CD4+ T lymphocytes in vivo.
Aggressive Wear Testing of a Cross-Linked Polyethylene in Total Knee Arthroplasty (2002)

Recently, highly cross-linked polyethylenes with high wear and oxidation resistance have been developed. These materials may improve the in vivo performance of polyethylene components used in total knee arthroplasty. To date, the in vitro knee wear testing of these new polyethylenes has been done under conditions of normal gait. However, their critical assessment also must include aggressive in vitro fatigue and wear testing. In the current study, an aggressive in vitro knee wear and device fatigue model simulating a tight posterior cruciate ligament balance during stair climbing was developed and used to assess the performance of one type of highly cross-linked polyethylene tibial knee insert in comparison with conventional polyethylene. The highly cross-linked inserts and one group of conventional inserts were tested after sterilization. One additional group of conventional inserts was subjected to accelerated aging before testing. The articular surfaces of the inserts were inspected visually for surface delamination, cracking, and pitting at regular intervals during the test. The aged conventional polyethylene inserts showed extensive delamination and cracking as early as 50,000 cycles. In contrast, the unaged conventional and highly cross-linked polyethylene inserts did not show any subsurface cracking or delamination at 0.5 million cycles. The appearance and location of delamination that occurred in the aged conventional inserts tested with the current model previously have been observed in vivo with posterior cruciate-sparing design knee arthroplasties with a tight posterior cruciate ligament.
High-tolerance CWDM4 wavelength multiplexer based on 2×2/2×1 MZ filters with polarization multiplexing (2021)

A novel Si four-wavelength multiplexer (MUX) for CWDM system composed of two types of Mach-Zehnder (MZ) MUX, and a polarization splitter rotator (PSR) based on a tapered asymmetric directional coupler (ADC) and TE1-TM0 mode converter (MC) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. To make the ADC fabrication-tolerant and broadband, a new design method is proposed, in which waveguide width dependence is taken into account. Although due to the waveguide width change during the fabrication process, the loss of the fabricated ADC is relatively large, a proof-of-concept four wavelength multiplexing is experimentally demonstrated.
Development of resistance spot welding technology applying multi-stage adaptive control for narrow pitch spot welding of high strength steel sheets (2023)

In order to expand the application of high strength steel sheets to automotive bodies, stabilizing nugget diameter of resistance spot welds is required in the presence of several industrial disturbances. This study aims to ensure the nugget diameter of high strength steel sheets regardless weld spacing by utilizing adaptive control technology based on real-time feedback of heat quantity. Short weld spacing leads to expulsion from the sheet surface applying conventional adaptive control welding for mild steel sheets, whereas decrease in nugget diameter due to reduction of effective welding current for high strength steel sheets. On the other hand, two-stage adaptive control method enables to ensure nugget diameter regardless of steel strength even with 10 mm weld spacing, in which heat quantity was controlled independently in each stage of welding. The mechanism of these phenomena was revealed by verifying the influence of physical properties of steel and welding current pattern on the shunting phenomena using numerical simulation.
MtsABC Is Important for Manganese and Iron Transport, Oxidative Stress Resistance, and Virulence of Streptococcus pyogenes (2003)

MtsABC is a Streptococcus pyogenes ABC transporter which was previously shown to be involved in iron and zinc accumulation. In this study, we showed that an mtsABC mutant has impaired growth, particularly in a metal-depleted medium and an aerobic environment. In metal-depleted medium, growth was restored by the addition of 10 microM MnCl(2), whereas other metals had modest or no effect. A characterization of metal radioisotope accumulation showed that manganese competes with iron accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, iron competes with manganese accumulation but to a lesser extent. The mutant showed a pronounced reduction (>90%) of (54)Mn accumulation, showing that MtsABC is also involved in Mn transport. Using paraquat and hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress, we show that the mutant has an increased susceptibility to reactive oxygen species. Moreover, activity of the manganese-cofactored superoxide dismutase in the mutant is reduced, probably as a consequence of reduced intracellular availability of manganese. The enzyme functionality was restored by manganese supplementation during growth. The mutant was also attenuated in virulence, as shown in animal experiments. These results emphasize the role of MtsABC and trace metals, especially manganese, for S. pyogenes growth, susceptibility to oxidative stress, and virulence.
Transient effects in lubricated textured bearings (2015)

The aim of this paper is to study the transient phenomena in hydrodynamic textured bearings. Both convergent and convergent–divergent reciprocating textured bearings are considered. A mass-conserving formulation of the Reynolds equation recently proposed by some of the authors and used to capture cavitation in steady-state lubricated contacts has been implemented to study transient effects in lubricated textured bearings. It is shown that the proposed solver is capable of capturing the frictional response of bearings characterised by various geometries and loading conditions in both steady-state and transient configurations. Depending on the boundary conditions governing the problems under investigation, changes in load support or film thickness variations are correctly predicted, demonstrating that the methodology developed in this paper is suitable to provide an efficient tool for the design and optimisation of textured bearings. A qualitative comparison with preliminary experimental data obtained using an apparatus developed to study reciprocating textured surfaces is performed, showing that the characteristic transient behaviour of such surfaces in different loading regimes can be correctly captured using the proposed numerical implementation.
Comparative analyses of the nutraceutical potentialities of selected Indian traditional black rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces (2021)

The present investigation aims to explore the importance of some traditional black rice varieties with their nutraceutical properties. The beneficial properties of these varieties remain unknown to the majority of the population due to the inadequate data. Decorticated rice grains of four black rice varieties were evaluated and compared with two commonly consumed white rice varieties - Gobindabhog (traditional aromatic) and BPT 5204 (modern high yielding variety). The sugars and total lipid levels were similar in Gobindabhog and BPT 5204. The black rice varieties, however, had considerably greater protein, thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and antimicrobial activities compared to the two selected white rice varieties. The ICPMS analysis of black rice grains showed that the former also had higher levels of Mn, Fe, and Zn than the white rice varieties. However, BPT 5204 contained a greater amount of Cu than the black rice varieties. Total flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as antioxidant potentiality of black rice varieties were also considerably higher than those of the white rice varieties.
Particle Transport, Deposition And Removal A Combined Research And Curriculum Development Project (2020)

A sequence of two on particle transport, deposition and removal and reentrainment are described. The primary objective of these courses are to bring the new important research findings in the related field available to the class room for the benefit of seniors and first year graduate students in engineering. The course materials were also made available on the web and the courses were taught it at two campuses simultaneously.
Conformational dependence of isotope effects for hyperconjugating methyl groups. Nonadditivity of NMR isotope shifts in benzylic ions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational dependence of isotope effects for hyperconjugating methyl groups. Nonadditivity of NMR isotope shifts in benzylic ionsDavid A. Forsyth, Peter Lucas, and Robert M. BurkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 1, 240–245Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00365a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00365a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The forehead flap for nasal reconstruction: how we do it. (2006)

The forehead flap is a useful technique to reconstruct deep and large nasal defects. It can safely be performed under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting. Advantages of this flap include the fact that it provides an excellent color and texture match to the missing nasal skin. Disadvantages include the fact that it is at least a two-stage procedure and that often patients require "touch up" surgeries to provide the best possible cosmetic outcome.
A stretcher fiber for use in fs chirped pulse Yb amplifiers (2010)

A newly developed fiber for use in pulse stretchers for chirped pulse amplifiers working in the 1 mum wavelength range of Yb fiber amplifiers is reported. The fiber has a record high numerical third order to second order dispersion beta(3)/beta(2) ratio of -7.7 fs. The fiber has very good dispersion match to a grating compressor for second, third, and fourth order dispersion. By combining the stretcher fiber with an anomalous dispersion fiber working in a higher order mode, even higher beta(3)/beta(2) ratio of -16.8 fs is demonstrated. The combined module shows very good dispersion match to a grating compressor.
Web-scale knowledge extraction from semi-structured tables (2010)

A wealth of knowledge is encoded in the form of tables on the World Wide Web. We propose a classification algorithm and a rich feature set for automatically recognizing layout tables and attribute/value tables. We report the frequencies of these table types over a large analysis of the Web and propose open challenges for extracting from attribute/value tables semantic triples (knowledge). We then describe a solution to a key problem in extracting semantic triples: protagonist detection, i.e., finding the subject of the table that often is not present in the table itself. In 79% of our Web tables, our method finds the correct protagonist in its top three returned candidates.