gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic integration of silicon CMOS and GaN transistors in a current mirror circuit (2011)

GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were monolithically integrated with silicon CMOS to create a functional current mirror circuit. The integrated circuit was fabricated on 100 mm diameter modified silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers incorporating a resistive (111) silicon handle substrate and a lightly doped (100) silicon device layer. In a CMOS-first process, the CMOS was fabricated using the (100) device layer. Subsequently GaN was grown by plasma molecular beam epitaxy in windows on the (111) handle substrate surface without wire growth despite using gallium-rich growth conditions. Transmission lines fabricated on the GaN buffer/SOI wafer exhibited a microwave loss of less than 0.2 dB/mm up to 35 GHz. Direct current measurements on GaN HEMTs yielded a current density of 1.0 A/mm and transconductance of 270 mS/mm. At 10 GHz and a drain bias of 28 V, 1.25 mm long transistors demonstrated a small signal gain of 10.7 dB and a maximum power added efficiency of 53% with a concomitant power of 5.6 W. The silicon and GaN transistors were interconnected to form high yield test interconnect daisy chains and a monolithic current mirror circuit. The CMOS output drain current controlled the GaN transistor quiescent current and consequently the microwave gain.
Pico Satellite Solar Cell Testbed (PSSC Testbed) (2006)

The proposed PSSC Testbed flight experiment is designed to obtain space environmental degradation data for advanced solar cells. The purpose of the first flight (International Space Station orbit) is to develop and operationally test the picosatellite and associated ground station. Subsequent flights will be in a GEO transfer orbit, which will provide accelerated radiation degradation data for missions to geosynchronous orbit
Improved Glucose Tolerance Restores Insulin-Stimulated Akt Kinase Activity and Glucose Transport in Skeletal Muscle From Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats (1997)

The serine/threonine kinase Akt (protein kinase B [PKB] or related to A and C protein kinase [RAC]) has recently been implicated to play a role in the signaling pathway to glucose transport. However, little is known concerning the regulation of Akt activity in insulin-sensitive tissues such as skeletal muscle. To explore the role of hyperglycemia on Akt kinase activity in skeletal muscle, normal Wistar rats or Goto-Kakizaki (GK) diabetic rats were treated with phlorizin. Phlorizin treatment normalized fasting blood glucose and significantly improved glucose tolerance (P < 0.001) in GK rats, whereas in Wistar rats, the compound had no effect on glucose homeostasis. In soleus muscle from GK rats, maximal insulin-stimulated (120 nmol/l) Akt kinase activity was reduced by 68% (P < 0.01) and glucose transport was decreased by 39% (P < 0.05), compared with Wistar rats. Importantly, the defects at the level of Akt kinase and glucose transport were completely restored by phlorizin treatment. There was no significant difference in Akt kinase protein expression among the three groups. At a submaximal insulin concentration (2.4 nmol/l), activity of Akt kinase and glucose transport were unaltered. In conclusion, improved glucose tolerance in diabetic GK rats by phlorizin treatment fully restored insulin-stimulated activity of Akt kinase and glucose transport. Thus, hyperglycemia may directly contribute to the development of muscle insulin resistance through alterations in insulin action on Akt kinase and glucose transport.
Analysis of the subthreshold current of pocket or halo-implanted nMOSFETs (2006)

In this work, we analyzed the subthreshold current (I/sub D/) of pocket implanted MOSFETs using extensive device simulations and experimental data. We present an analytical model for the subthreshold current applicable for any type of FET and show that the subthreshold current of nMOSFETs, which is mainly due to diffusion, is determined by the internal two-dimensional hole distribution across the device. This hole distribution is affected by the electric potential of the gate and the doping concentration in the channel. The results obtained allow accurate modelling of the subthreshold current of future generation MOS devices.
The In Vitro and In Vivo Effect of Carvacrol in Preventing Campylobacter Infection, Colonization and in Improving Productivity of Chicken Broilers (2017)

The current trend in reducing the antibiotic usage in animal production imposes urgency in the identification of novel biocides. The essential oil carvacrol, for example, changes the morphology of the cell and acts against a variety of targets within the bacterial membranes and cytoplasm, and our in vitro results show that it reduces adhesion and invasion of chicken intestinal primary cells and also biofilm formation. A trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of carvacrol at four concentrations (0, 120, 200, and 300 mg/kg of diet) on the performance of Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and broilers. Each of the four diets was fed to three replicates/trial of 50 chicks each from day 0 to 35. Our results show that carvacrol linearly decreased feed intake, feed conversion rates and increased body weight at all levels of supplementation. Plate count analysis showed that Campylobacter spp. was only detected at 35 days in the treatment groups compared with the control group where the colonization occurred at 21 days. The absence of Campylobacter spp. at 21 days in the treatment groups was associated with a significant increase in the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp. Also, carvacrol was demonstrated to have a significant effect on E. coli numbers in the cecum of the treatment groups, at all supplementation levels. In conclusion, this study shows for the first time that at different concentrations, carvacrol can delay Campylobacter spp., colonization of chicken broilers, by inducing changes in gut microflora, and it demonstrates promise as an alternative to the use of antibiotics.
Program Synthesis (2017)

Program synthesis is the task of automatically ﬁnding a program in the underlying programming language that satisﬁes the user intent expressed in the form of some speciﬁcation. Since the inception of AI in the 1950s, this problem has been considered the holy grail of Computer Science. Despite inherent challenges in the problem such as ambiguity of user intent and a typically enormous search space of programs, the ﬁeld of program synthesis has developed many diﬀerent techniques that enable program synthesis in diﬀerent real-life application domains. It is now used successfully in software engineering, biological discovery, computer-aided education, end-user programming, and data cleaning. In the last decade, several applications of synthesis in the ﬁeld of programming by examples have been deployed in mass-market industrial products. This survey is a general overview of the state-of-the-art approaches to program synthesis, its applications, and subﬁelds. We discuss the general principles common to all modern synthesis approaches such as syntactic bias, oracle-guided inductive search, and optimization techniques. We then present a literature review covering the four most common state-of-the-art techniques in program synthesis: enumerative search, constraint solving, stochastic search, and deduction-based programming by examples. We conclude with a brief list of future horizons for the ﬁeld.
Constructing optimal wavelet basis for image compression (2002)

We study the problem of choosing an image based optimal wavelet basis with compact support for image data compression and provide a general algorithm for computing the optimal wavelet basis. We parameterize the mother wavelet and scaling function of wavelet systems through a set of real coefficients of the relevant quadrature mirror filter (QMF) banks. We further introduce decomposition entropy as an information measure to describe the distance between a given digital image and its projection into the subspace spanned by the wavelet basis. The optimal basis for the given image is obtained through minimizing this information measure. The resulting subspace is used for image analysis and synthesis. Experiments show improved compression ratios due to the application of the optimal wavelet basis and demonstrate the potential applications of our methodology in image compression. This method is also useful for constructing efficient wavelet based image coding systems.
Characterization of emulsion polymerizations through ultrasound propagation velocity measurements (1995)

Abstract The application of the measurement of ultrasound waves propagation velocity for characterizing emulsion polymerization systems is discussed. The ultrasound velocity sensor provides informations about various properties of interest in emulsion polymerization systems. These include the evaluation of monomer solubility and emulsifier critical micellar concentration in water, the in‐situ and on‐line monitoring of conversion in homo‐ and co‐polymerizations, the investigation of the polymer glass transition and finally the measure of monomer solubility in submicron polymer particles.
A novel design of the sample holder for broadband complex permittivity measurements (2004)

The paper provides a novel design of the sample holder for the complex permittivity determination of nonmagnetic linear dielectric materials by measuring reflection and transmission coefficients. The sample holder is made of the common N connector female-female adapter. The design described is very simple and compact. Especially the price of our design is much cheaper than price for commonly used airline coaxial waveguide from verification kit with comparative measurement accuracy. Several plastics in the frequency range from 0.4 GHz up to 18 GHz were measured and reached results are presented and discussed.
Influence of Solvent Vapor Atmospheres to the Self-assembly of Poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane) (2012)

Self-assembly process of poly(styrene-b-dimethylsiloxane) (PS-b-PDMS) was investigated by using the solvent-annealing with acetone, hexane and dimethylforamide (DMF) vapor. Solvent-annealing with hexane vapor yielded a mixture of cylindrical and spherical microdomains. Acetone and DMF vapors yielded well-oriented arrays of PDMS sphere dots with 17 nm in pitch. Voronoi analysis was applied to these self-assembled patterns and revealed that the quality of the ordering of acetone and DMF were 92% and 99%, respectively. DMF was a superior solvent for self-assembly of PS-b-PDMS for the application to the bit-patterned magnetic recording media (BPM). Self-assembled dot pattern with 12 nm-pitch, which is equivalent to 5 Tb/in2, is also demonstrated with N-methylpyrrolidone solvent vapor annealing. One of the important factors to align the PDMS sphere dots of the PS-b-PDMS by solvent-annealing is the miscibility of the solvent to the majority polymer.
The 62Pak IGBT module range employing the 3rd Generation 1700V SPT++ chip set for 175 °C operation (2016)

In this paper, we present a newly developed 62Pak with optimized IGBT and diode performance for high temperature operations. The latest generation of ABB's enhanced planar 1700V IGBT (SPT++) has been improved by introducing a new termination concept and silicon design. Diode leakage current at 175deg C has been significantly reduced by introducing the field shielded anode concept while still keeping the same electrical characteristics of the previous soft SPT+ diode platform. All mentioned features enable the development of a 1700V 62Pak module rated at 300A and operating at -40deg C to 175deg C junction temperature range with low losses and high Safe Operating Area (SOA).
Soft bit generation for reduced-state equalization in EDGE (2004)

In this paper, reduced state sequence estimation (RSSE) for EDGE system is described. A significant issue associated with soft information generation for the RSSE receiver is discussed in detail. Several practical algorithms that calculate soft values efficiently are given. The performance of these algorithms is evaluated through computer simulation and compared with the performance of a more complex decision feedback sequence estimation (DFSE) receiver.
Three-dimensional ladar focal plane array development at Rockwell Scientific: an update (2003)

We have developed a three-dimensional (3D) imaging ladar focal plane array (FPA) for military and commercial applications. The FPA provides snap-shot, direct detection, high-resolution range and range-sampled intensity imaging capability on a single chip. The FPA is made of a 64x64 element, 100-&mu;m pixel pitch detector array that is directly bump bonded to a matched CMOS based silicon readout integrated circuit (ROIC) with parallel ladar signal processing at each pixel. A room temperature, SWIR InGaAs detector variant for imaging near 1.5-&mu;m wavelengths and a cooled MWIR HgCdTe detector variant for imaging near 3-&mu;m to 5-&mu;m wavelengths have been fabricated. We have built a prototype SWIR FPA, integrated it to a compact, transportable SWIR flash ladar transceiver, and collected initial range images outdoors. We present the measured performances of the detector, the readout, and the image data collected with the focal plane array.
Preseismic rupture progression and great earthquake instabilities at plate boundaries (1983)

We present a procedure for modeling the initially quasi‐static upward progression of a zone of slip from some depth in the lithosphere toward the earth's surface, along a transform plate margin, culminating in a great crustal earthquake. Stress transmission in the lithosphere is analyzed with a generalized Elsasser model, in which elastic lithospheric plates undergo plane stress deformation and are coupled by an elementary foundation model to a Maxwellian viscoelastic asthenosphere. Upward progression of rupture over a finite length of plate boundary, corresponding to a seismic gap along strike, is analyzed by a method based on the ‘line‐spring’ concept, whereby a two‐dimensional antiplane analysis of the upward progression provides the relation between lithospheric thickness‐averaged stress and slip used as a boundary condition in the generalized Elsasser plate model. The formulation results in a nonlinear integral equation for the rupture progression as a function of time and distance along strike. A simpler approximate single degree of freedom analysis procedure is described and shown to lead to instability results that can be formulated in terms of the slip‐softening slope at the boundary falling below the elastic unloading stiffness of the surroundings. The results also indicate a delay of ultimate (seismic) instability due to the stiffer short versus long time asthenospheric response and predict a final period of self‐driven creep toward instability. The procedures for prediction of rupture progression and instability are illustrated in detail for an elastic‐brittle crack model of slip zone advance, and parameters of the model are chosen consistently with great earthquake slips and stress drops. For example, an effective crack fracture energy of the order 4×10 6 J/m 2 at the peak, 7 to 10 km below surface, of a Gaussian bell‐shaped distribution of fracture energy with depth, with variance of the order 5 km, simulating strength build‐up in a seismogenic layer, leads to prediction of nominal seismic stress drops of 30 to 60 bars and slips of 2 to 5 m in great strike slip earthquake ruptures breaking 100 to 400 km along strike. Precursory surface straining in the self‐driven stage is predicted to proceed at a distinctly higher rate over time intervals beginning 3 to 10 months before such an earthquake, this interval being greater for longer distances along strike over which the preseismic upward rupture progression takes place.
The Tumor Suppressor Gene TUSC2 (FUS1) Sensitizes NSCLC to the AKT Inhibitor MK2206 in LKB1-dependent Manner (2013)

TUSC2-defective gene expression is detected in the majority of lung cancers and is associated with worse overall survival. We analyzed the effects of TUSC2 re-expression on tumor cell sensitivity to the AKT inhibitor, MK2206, and explored their mutual signaling connections, in vitro and in vivo. TUSC2 transient expression in three LKB1-defective non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines combined with MK2206 treatment resulted in increased repression of cell viability and colony formation, and increased apoptotic activity. In contrast, TUSC2 did not affect the response to MK2206 treatment for two LKB1-wild type NSCLC cell lines. In vivo, TUSC2 systemic delivery, by nanoparticle gene transfer, combined with MK2206 treatment markedly inhibited growth of tumors in a human LKB1-defective H322 lung cancer xenograft mouse model. Biochemical analysis showed that TUSC2 transient expression in LKB1-defective NSCLC cells significantly stimulated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and enzymatic activity. More importantly, AMPK gene knockdown abrogated TUSC2-MK2206 cooperation, as evidenced by reduced sensitivity to the combined treatment. Together, TUSC2 re-expression and MK2206 treatment was more effective in inhibiting the phosphorylation and kinase activities of AKT and mTOR proteins than either single agent alone. In conclusion, these findings support the hypothesis that TUSC2 expression status is a biological variable that potentiates MK2206 sensitivity in LKB1-defective NSCLC cells, and identifies the AMPK/AKT/mTOR signaling axis as an important regulator of this activity.
Identification of New Biomarkers of Low-Dose GH Replacement Therapy in GH-Deficient Patients (2011)

Evaluation of the identified proteins provides a novel alternative to traditional markers of GH status, such as serum IGF-I levels, to assess GH therapy in GH deficient adults.
Granulosa cell and oocyte mitochondrial abnormalities in a mouse model of fragile X primary ovarian insufficiency (2016)

Studies were supported by NIH R21 071873 (J.J./G.H), The Albert McKern Fund for Perinatal Research (J.J.), NIH Intramural Funds (K.U.), and a TUBITAK Research Fellowship Award (B.U.). No conflict(s) of interest or competing interest(s) are noted.
Design and Synthesis of Megamolecule Mimics of a Therapeutic Antibody (2020)

This communication describes the design, synthesis, and biological activity of a megamolecule mimic of an anti-HER2 antibody. The antibody mimic was prepared by linking two Fabs from the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab, which are fused through the heavy chain variable domain to either cutinase or SnapTag, with a linker terminated in an irreversible inhibitor for each enzyme. This mimic binds HER2 with comparable avidity to trastuzumab, has similar activity in a cell-based assay, and can arrest tumor growth in a mouse xenograft BT474 tumor model. A panel of 16 bivalent anti-HER2 antibodies were prepared wherein each varied in the orientation of the fusion domain on the Fabs. The analogs displayed a range of cytotoxic activity, and surprisingly, the most active mimic binds to cells with a 10-fold lower avidity than the least active variant suggesting that structure plays a large role in their efficacy. This work suggests that the megamolecule approach can be used to prepare antibody mimics having a broad structural diversity.
Application of optical phase lock loops in coherent beam combining (2008)

Coherent Beam Combining (CBC) technology holds the promise of enabling laser systems with very high power and near-ideal beam quality. In this work we propose and demonstrate a novel CBC servo system using optical phase lock loops for phase control. This servo system is based on entirely electronic components and, consequently, can be considerably more compact and less expensive compared to servo systems made of optical phase/frequency shifters. In the proof-of-concept experiments we have combined two 100mW 1064nm commercial semiconductor lasers with the filled-aperture approach at an efficiency of 94% and also two 50mW 1538nm commercial semiconductor lasers using the tiled-aperture approach with a strehl ratio of 0.9. In addition, we also present a theoretical consideration of the influence of various sources of noise on the combining efficiency of a cascaded filled-aperture CBC system.
Characteristics of hand motion of eye surgeons (2002)

Overall manual accuracy and motion frequency in simulated microsurgery have been studied. Eye surgeons were tested in two tasks: attempting to hold an instrument still, and repeatedly actuating. The RMS error and overall motion range were measured. Spectral analysis was also performed. The average RMS errors for the two test conditions were 49 /spl mu/m and 133 /spl mu/m, respectively, and the average range of motion while trying to hold still was 202 /spl mu/m. Substantial low-frequency motion occurred under both conditions. On average, 98.9% of the total power of voluntary movements tested was found to be below 2 Hz.
Metabolic Engineering Optimizes Bioorthogonal Glycan Labeling in Living Cells (2021)

Metabolic oligosaccharide engineering (MOE) has fundamentally contributed to our understanding of protein glycosylation. Efficient MOE reagents are activated into nucleotide-sugars by cellular biosynthetic machineries, introduced into glycoproteins and traceable by bioorthogonal chemistry. Despite their widespread use, the metabolic fate of many MOE reagents is only beginning to be mapped. While metabolic interconnectivity can affect probe specificity, poor uptake by biosynthetic salvage pathways may impact probe sensitivity and trigger side reactions. Here, we use metabolic engineering to turn the weak alkyne-tagged MOE reagents Ac&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;GalNAlk and Ac&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;GlcNAlk into efficient chemical tools to probe protein glycosylation. We find that bypassing a metabolic bottleneck with an engineered version of the pyrophosphorylase AGX1 boosts nucleotide-sugar biosynthesis and increases bioorthogonal cell surface labeling by up to two orders of magnitude. Comparison with known azide-tagged MOE reagents reveals major differences in glycoprotein labeling, substantially expanding the toolbox of chemical glycobiology.
Two-phase flow modelling of the cryogenic propellant loading system (2015)

We report on a progress in development of a hierarchy of two-phase flow models that can accurately predict cryogenic fluid dynamics in real time. We provide details of the separated two-phase cryogenic flow model, which is one of the key components of the hierarchy. We discuss the stability and speed of the algorithm and demonstrate a good agreement of the model predictions with experimental data. We discuss progress in developing of a set of tools for parametric studies and optimization of the two-phase flow in cryogenic transfer lines. We provide examples of the sensitivity study and optimization of parameters for the model of a chilldown experiment.