gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Super-Light Substrate for LEV III/Tier3 Emission Regulation (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With the increasing number of automobiles, the worldwide problem of air pollution is becoming more serious. The necessity of reducing tail-pipe emissions is as high as ever, and in countries all over the world the regulations are becoming stricter.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The emissions at times such as after engine cold start, when the three-way catalyst (TWC) has not warmed up, accounts for the majority of the emissions of these pollutants from vehicles. This is caused by the characteristic of the TWC that if a specific temperature is not exceeded, TWC cannot purify the emissions. In other words, if the catalyst could be warmed up at an early stage after engine start, this would provide a major contribution to reducing the emissions. Therefore, this research is focused on the substrate weight and investigated carrying out major weight reduction by making the porosity of the substrate larger than that of conventional products. A lightweight substrate achieving about 31% weight reduction compared to conventional technology, and a conventional substrate with the same cell structure were both mounted into vehicles and a comparison performed. The results showed that, for the lightweight substrate, the time taken for light-off at which it purified the emissions was reduced compared to conventional products.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Harmonic suppression performance of a 5GHz MMIC class-E PA using a lowpass lumped-element impedance termination approximation (2007)

Lowpass lumped-element load coupling network approximation of class-E switching conditions are very common at microwave frequencies, where the classic approach is not feasible. Although such modified lowpass networks are a valuable approach in approximating class-E efficiency at microwaves, harmonic suppression of these networks has to be considered closely together with switching-mode circuits. This paper assesses experimentally the harmonic output of a fabricated monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) C- band class-E power amplifier (PA) utilising a modified lowpass load transformation topology. Measurements show that harmonic output of the class-E PA based on such a network without additional filtering is -19.1 dBc, -30.5 dBc and -38.5 dBc for the second, third and fourth harmonic frequency components, respectively.
Environmental Issues Related to Compressor and Pump Stations (2013)

Most compressor stations are fuelled by a portion of the natural gas flowing through the station, although in some areas, all or some of the units may be electrically powered primarily for environmental or security reasons. All compressor stations are also equipped with emergency shutdown systems that can detect abnormal conditions such as an unanticipated pressure drop or natural gas leakage. These systems are designed to automatically shut down the engines, isolate and vent the affected piping, and direct the natural gas flow from the main part of the station.
Two-photon excitation of neon at 133 nm (1993)

High VUV powers, up to 2.5 kW at 133 nm, are obtained from two-photon-resonant, difference-frequency generation in hydrogen by using an ArF excimer laser and a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser. This radiation is used to perform two-photon excitation of neon at greater than 150000 cm(-1) , the shortest two-photon transition yet accessed to our knowledge.
Abstract 3839: Vitamin E delta-tocotrienol targets human colon cancer stem cells and inhibits colon cancer metastasis and induces apoptosis (2016)

Abstract Background: Colon cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer both in men and women and cause of cancer related deaths worldwide. Treatment for the recurrent and metastatic colon cancer remains a center of clinical attention. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are suggested to be the only cells within tumor with tumorigenic capacity and implicated in metastasis. We have shown that vitamin E delta-tocotrienol (VEDT) is the most bioactive tocotrienols against cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of VEDT on colon cancer growth, metastatic epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration/ invasion/angiogenesis and colon CSCs growth and apoptosis. Methods: Human colon cancer cells HCT-116 and metastatic colon cancer cells SW-620 and colon CSCs were treated with VEDT (10-100 μM) for 72 h and cell viability recorded. VEDT (50 μM) was used for malignant transformation; migration/invasion, CSCs spheroid formation, and pluripotency were determined. Azoxymethane treated Fisher 344 rats were used as colon carcinogenesis model. They were treated with 1) vehicle control and 2) VEDT (200 mg/kg, orally twice a day) for 20 weeks. After 20 weeks the polyps and tumor formation were recorded. Results: VEDT significantly inhibited the anchorage-dependent and independent cancer cell growth, migration/invasion and induced apoptosis compared to control. VEDT inhibited the CSC spheroid formation EMT (E-cadherin to vimentin), metastasis (MMP9), angiogenesis (VEGF), CSCs transcription factors (Nanog, Oct4, Sox2 and KLF4) compared to control. Conclusion: Vitamin E delta-tocotrienol inhibited colon cancer growth and metastasis through inhibition of cancer stem cell pluripotency, EMT, migration, invasion, angiogenesis and induction of apoptosis. Citation Format: Kazim Husain, Domenico Coppola, Said M. Sebti, Mokenge P. Malafa. Vitamin E delta-tocotrienol targets human colon cancer stem cells and inhibits colon cancer metastasis and induces apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3839.
The Relative Roles of Intragenic Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene in Lumbar Spine Degeneration and Bone Density (2001)

The strongest association of Vitamin D receptor TaqI polymorphisms with degeneration in nonmineralized connective tissues suggests that the underlying mechanism of TaqI polymorphisms is not specific to bone. This study demonstrated for the first time that those with the tt genotype had more anular tears than those with the TT genotype, a finding that should stimulate further analyses of this gene in conditions that result in back pain. The apparent discrepancies of the associations of the tt genotype with lower signal intensity and more anular tears, but less bulges and osteophytes, could be explained if bulging and osteophytes primarily represented remodeling related to lifetime physical loading.
Place & Play SERS: sample collection and preparation-free surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2022)

The ability to perform sensitive, real-time, in situ, multiplex chemical analysis is indispensable for diverse applications such as human health monitoring, food safety testing, forensic analysis, environmental sensing, and homeland security. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is an effective tool to offer the ability by virtue of its high sensitivity and rapid label-free signal detection as well as the availability of portable Raman spectrometers. Unfortunately, the practical utility of SERS is limited because it generally requires sample collection and preparation, namely, collecting a sample from an object of interest and placing the sample on top of a SERS substrate to perform a SERS measurement. In fact, not all analytes can satisfy this requirement because the sample collection and preparation process may be undesirable, laborious, difficult, dangerous, costly, or time-consuming. Here we introduce "Place &amp; Play SERS" based on an ultrathin, flexible, stretchable, adhesive, biointegratable gold-deposited polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanomesh substrate that enables placing the substrate on top of an object of interest and performing a SERS measurement of the object by epi-excitation without the need for touching, destroying, and sampling it. Specifically, we characterized the sensitivity of the gold/PVA nanomesh substrate in the Place &amp; Play SERS measurement scheme and then used the scheme to conduct SERS measurements of both wet and dry objects under nearly real-world conditions. To show the practical utility of Place &amp; Play SERS, we demonstrated two examples of its application: food safety testing and forensic analysis. Our results firmly verified the new measurement scheme of SERS and are expected to extend the potential of SERS by opening up untapped applications of sensitive, real-time, in situ multiplex chemical analysis.
Effect of head surface roughness and sterilization on wear of UHMWPE acetabular cups (2008)

The impact of femoral head surface roughness on wear of gamma-irradiation sterilized (3 MRad in nitrogen, crosslinked) and nonsterilized (not crosslinked) UHMWPE acetabular cups has been evaluated. Gravimetric wear testing was performed in a hip joint simulator for 2 x 10(6) cycles. CoCrMo heads were used with different surface roughness (R(a) = 15 nm and R(a) = 400 nm). The surface roughness after wear test was unchanged for the roughened heads, whereas the initially smooth heads showed a few scratches. The roughened heads increased the wear of the acetabular cups 2-fold. The gamma-irradiated cups tested against rough heads underwent the highest wear. The absorption of water was highest for the gamma-irradiated cups (0.0204% compared to 0.0031% after 85 days). Raman spectroscopy showed small but significant crystallinity changes in the wear zone, where the gamma-irradiated cups with the most extensive abrasion increased in crystallinity, whereas the nonsterilized cups underwent a crystallinity decrease.
A phase I trial of nordihydroguareacetic acid (NDGA) in patients with non-metastatic prostate cancer and rising PSA (2007)

15500 Background: NDGA is a butanediol with effects on tumor cells, including inhibition of insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) autophosphorylation. In vitro studies suggest that NDGA attenuates androgen-mediated prostate cancer growth without competitive androgen receptor blockade. Its effects on PSA in pts were studied. Methods: Eligible pts included men with recurrent prostate cancer following definitive local therapy with a rising PSA and no metastasis. Both androgen dependent prostate cancer (PSA rising with a normal tesosterone - ADPC) and androgen independent prostate cancer (PSA rising with castrate level of testosterone - AIPC) was allowed. Treatment consisted of continuous oral daily dosing of NDGA according to a planned dose escalation of 750, 1,250, 1,750, 2,250 and 2,500 mg. Pts were followed for safety and changes in PSA and PSA doubling time (PSADT). Results: 15 pts were enrolled: 11 pts with ADPC and 4 pts with AIPC. Median baseline serum PSA was 3.6 ng/mL in ADPC pts and 5.74 mg/mL in AIPC pts. Median age was 66 (range 48–81). Following a median of 5.5 cycles (range 1–13), transaminase elevations occurred in five pts (33%): 1 gr 1, 1 gr 2 and 3 gr 3- all occurring in month 3 or later. Transaminase elevations resolved after drug discontinuation but recurred with repeated dosing. Doses up to 2,500 mg/day were otherwise well- tolerated. The median baseline PSADT was 6.1 months for ADPC and 6.7 months for AIPC and was and 8.4 months on therapy (p=0.12) for ADPC and 4.2 months for AIPC. Of 11 ADPC pts, one (9%) had a decline in PSA by &gt;50% compared to baseline and one (9%) had a decline of 3 fold increase in PSADT while on therapy, one from 11 to 46 months (750 mg), one from 9.5 to 49.5 months (1,750 mg), and one from 5.9 to 46.2 months (2,500 mg). There were no PSA reductions in the AIPC pts, however one pt had a &gt;3 fold increase in PSADT (from 1.4 to 7.5 months). No significant effects on testosterone, adrenal androgen or estradiol levels were observed while on study. Conclusions: NDGA is well tolerated with the exception of transaminase elevations which occur after approximately 3 cycles in a minority of patients. Combined with preclinical data, the modest effects on PSA kinetics suggest that further study on androgen dependent tumors is justified. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategy in Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selective Ammoximation of Ketones via In Situ H2O2 Synthesis (2023)

The ammoximation of ketones to the corresponding oxime via the in situ production of H2O2 offers a viable alternative to the current means of industrial-scale production, in particular for the synthesis of cyclohexanone oxime, a key precursor to Nylon-6. Herein, we demonstrate that using a bifunctional catalyst, consisting of Pd-based bimetallic nanoparticles immobilized onto a TS-1 carrier, it is possible to bridge the considerable condition gap that exists between the two key distinct reaction pathways that constitute an in-situ approach (i.e., the direct synthesis of H2O2 and ketone ammoximation). The formation of PdAu nanoalloys is found to be crucial in achieving high reactivity and in promoting catalytic stability, with the optimal formulation significantly outperforming both alternative Pd-based materials and the monometallic Pd analogue.
Spontaneous oscillations of a sessile lens (2007)

When an oil drop is placed on a water surface, it assumes the form of a sessile lens. We consider the curious behaviour that may arise when the oil contains a water-insoluble surfactant: the lens radius oscillates in a quasi-periodic fashion. While this oscillatory behaviour has been reported elsewhere, a consistent physical explanation has yet to be given. We present the results of an experimental investigation that enable us to elucidate the subtle mechanism responsible. Videomicroscopy reveals that the beating behaviour is generated by a subtle process of partial emulsification at the lens edge and sustained by evaporation of surfactant from the water surface.
Impact of number of stimulation sites on long-lasting desynchronization effects of coordinated reset stimulation (2020)

Excessive neuronal synchrony is a hallmark of several neurological disorders, e.g., Parkinson's disease. An established treatment for medically refractory Parkinson's disease is high-frequency deep brain stimulation. However, it provides only acute relief, and symptoms return shortly after cessation of stimulation. A theory-based approach called coordinated reset (CR) has shown great promise in achieving long-lasting effects. During CR stimulation, phase-shifted stimuli are delivered to multiple stimulation sites to counteract neuronal synchrony. Computational studies in plastic neuronal networks reported that synaptic weights reduce during stimulation, which may cause sustained structural changes leading to stabilized desynchronized activity even after stimulation ceases. Corresponding long-lasting effects were found in recent preclinical and clinical studies. We study long-lasting desynchronization by CR stimulation in excitatory recurrent neuronal networks of integrate-and-fire neurons with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP). We focus on the impact of the stimulation frequency and the number of stimulation sites on long-lasting effects. We compare theoretical predictions to simulations of plastic neuronal networks. Our results are important regarding CR calibration for two reasons. We reveal that long-lasting effects become most pronounced when stimulation parameters are adjusted to the characteristics of STDP-rather than to neuronal frequency characteristics. This is in contrast to previous studies where the CR frequency was adjusted to the dominant neuronal rhythm. In addition, we reveal a nonlinear dependence of long-lasting effects on the number of stimulation sites and the CR frequency. Intriguingly, optimal long-lasting desynchronization does not require larger numbers of stimulation sites.
The delivery of PEBBLE nanosensors to measure the intracellular environment (2007)

Cellular introduction of PEBBLEs (photonic explorers for bioanalysis with biologically localized embedding) has been investigated by a wide variety of methods in a range of cell types. These methods include surface functionalization with CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides), pinocytosis, commercial lipid transfection agents, cytochalasin D, picoinjection, and Gene gun bombardment. This paper will overview several of the most popular methods used for the introduction of PEBBLE nanosensors to the cellular environment and discuss the efficacy of the techniques.
Bedrock lithology control on contemporaneous alluvial fan facies, Oligo‐Miocene, southern Pyrenees, Spain (2005)

Abstract Climate and tectonics play important roles in controlling processes of transport and deposition on alluvial fans, but the bedrock lithology in the fan catchment area is also a significant, independent factor. Adjacent Oligo‐Miocene alluvial fan deposits on the northern margin of the Ebro Basin display contrasting depositional characteristics with one dominated by the deposits of debris flows and the other by deposition from flows of water. A difference in clast compositions indicates that the two studied fans (the Nueno and San Julián fans) had contrasting bedrock lithology in their drainage basins. The proximal facies of the Nueno fan body contains matrix‐supported conglomerate beds with up to 80% pebble clasts of gypsum in a matrix of gypsiferous sand, interbedded with gypsarenite beds. The drainage basin of this fan was dominated by Triassic bedrock consisting of beds of gypsum, marl and micritic limestone. The San Julián fan body comprises clast‐supported, polymict conglomerate beds containing pebbles from Triassic, Cretaceous and Palaeogene limestone units that are exposed in the adjacent part of the basin margin. The interfingering of the deposits of these two fans demonstrates that they were contemporaneous. Given the consistent climate, the differences in fan depositional processes must therefore be attributed to the contrasting bedrock lithology in their drainage basins. A drainage basin consisting mainly of marl and gypsum bedrock provided sufficient fine‐grained material to generate debris flows, whereas more dilute, water‐lain processes dominated where the drainage basin was largely limestone strata.
Development of an autoclave curing system for fibre reinforced polymer composites (1988)

An autoclave curing system has been developed and fabricated which is capable of curing both flat and contoured fibre reinforced polymer composite components. The system can operate at up to 20 bar pressure whilst achieving a 0·1-bar vacuum within the lay-up film bagging. Cure temperatures of up to 180°C were achieved using a stepwise temperature controlling system, which enabled the dwell temperature to be maintained within a ±1 °C tolerance.
Efficient Synthesis of Biomass‐Derived N‐Substituted 2‐Hydroxymethyl‐5‐Methyl‐Pyrroles in Two Steps from 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (2018)

An efficient two‐step synthesis for the conversion of biomass‐derived 5‐hydroxymethyl‐furfural (HMF) to a variety of N‐substituted 2‐hydroxymethyl‐5‐methylpyrroles was developed. In the first step, 1‐hydroxyhexane‐2,5‐dione (HHD) was obtained by hydrogenation of HMF and thereafter used in a Paal–Knorr reaction with a range of amines in the absence of catalyst at room temperature. The reaction could potentially be used as a click reaction.
cSPARCOM: Multi-detector reconstruction by confocal super-resolution correlation microscopy (2021)

Image scanning microscopy (ISM), an upgraded successor of the ubiquitous confocal microscope, facilitates up to two-fold improvement in lateral resolution, and has become an indispensable element in the toolbox of the bio-imaging community. Recently, super-resolution optical fluctuation image scanning microscopy (SOFISM) integrated the analysis of intensity-fluctuations information into the basic ISM architecture, to enhance its resolving power. Both of these techniques typically rely on pixel-reassignment as a fundamental processing step, in which the parallax of different detector elements to the sample is compensated by laterally shifting the point spread function (PSF). Here, we propose an alternative analysis approach, based on the recent high-performing sparsity-based super-resolution correlation microscopy (SPARCOM) method. Through measurements of DNA origami nano-rulers and fixed cells labeled with organic dye, we experimentally show that confocal SPARCOM (cSPARCOM), which circumvents pixel-reassignment altogether, provides enhanced resolution compared to pixel-reassigned based analysis. Thus, cSPARCOM further promotes the effectiveness of ISM, and particularly that of correlation based ISM implementations such as SOFISM, where the PSF deviates significantly from spatial invariance.
Retinal vascular calibre as a predictor of incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy (2012)

Recent advances in retinal photographic imaging techniques have allowed objective and precise measurement of subtle vascular characteristics in the retina, including the retinal vessel calibre (diameter). Data from population-based and clinic-based studies show that changes in retinal calibre are associated with systemic vascular risk factors and might reflect early microcirculatory alterations in people with diabetes prior to the onset of clinically significant complications, such as diabetic retinopathy. Prospective studies suggest that in people with type 1 diabetes, wider retinal venules are associated with progression of mild to more severe levels of retinopathy, including proliferative retinopathy. Thus, studying retinal vascular calibre changes might offer the potential to improve our understanding of the early pathophysiological pathways of diabetic retinopathy, potentially allowing the development of novel therapies. Future research is still needed to assess the ability of retinal vessel calibre measures to provide clinically useful prognostic information that might add to risk prediction of diabetic retinopathy over and above the contribution from traditional risk factors, including glycaemic levels and the duration of diabetes.
Resonant state selection in synthetic ferrimagnets (2013)

Resonant activation of a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) is known to result in a dynamic running state, where the SAF's symmetric spin-flop pair continuously rotates between the two antiparallel ground states of the system, with the two magnetic moments in-phase in the so-called acoustical spin-resonance mode. The symmetry of an ideal SAF does not allow, however, to deterministically select a particular ground state using a resonant excitation. In this work, we study asymmetric SAF's, or synthetic ferrimagnets (SFi), in which the two magnetic particles are different in thickness or are biased asymmetrically with an external field. We show how the magnetic phase space of the system can be reversibly tuned, post-fabrication, between the antiferro- and ferri-magnetic behavior by exploiting these two asymmetry parameters and applying a uniform external field. We observe a splitting of the optical spin-resonance for the two ground states of the SFi system, with a frequency spacing that can be controlled by a quasistatic uniform external field. We demonstrate how the tunable magnetic asymmetry in SFi allows to deterministically select a particular ground state using the splitting of the optical spin-resonance. These results offer a new way of controlling the magnetic state of a spin-flop bilayer, currently used in such large scale applications as magnetic memory.