gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Things you should be aware of during the lecture (2007)

The job of the lecturer is to teach a concept or an idea to an audience. However, many lecturers often forget this and instead focus on just the lecture instead of the audience (to the point that some lecturers do not even look at the audience). Needless to say, focusing on just the lecture often makes the lecture itself a failure. The audience's understanding of a topic is the goal. To maximize or optimize this level of understanding, it is very important to routinely observe the audience, gauge their level of interest and/or connection to the lecture, and to adjust the lecture accordingly. In this chapter, we will focus on the very important mechanism of observing the level of interest of the audience as well as on the process of correctly interpreting visual and verbal feedback.
Calcium responses of chicken trigeminal ganglion neurons to methyl anthranilate and capsaicin (2004)

Using digital fluorescence imaging, we determined the effects of methyl anthranilate (MA), an avian irritant, and capsaicin (CAP), a mammalian irritant, on intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) in chicken trigeminal neurons. Concentration-response functions indicated that the threshold for inducing increases in [Ca(2+)](i) was higher for CAP (30 micromol l(-1)) than for MA (10 micromol l(-1)). The maximum magnitudes of [Ca(2+)](i) in response to MA and CAP were compared after normalization to 40 mmol l(-1) KCl. At equal concentrations (300 micro mol l(-1)), trigeminal neurons responded with a greater change in [Ca(2+)](i) to MA (78% of KCl) than to CAP (43% of KCl). Furthermore, at 300 micromol l(-1), 48% of neurons responded to MA whereas only 16% responded to CAP. The increases in [Ca(2+)](i) induced by both MA and CAP were dependent upon extracellular calcium. While the calcium responses to MA were also dependent on extracellular sodium, responses to CAP were not. There were separate but overlapping populations of neurons sensitive to MA and CAP. Taken together, the higher threshold concentration of CAP, the higher response magnitude to MA than CAP and the greater number of neurons sensitive to MA than CAP provide a rationale for the observed behavioral differences of birds to these two compounds. Finally, the findings that the calcium responses to MA and CAP have different ion dependencies and that there are separate populations sensitive to these compounds suggest different transduction mechanisms mediating chicken trigeminal responses to MA and CAP.
Accuracies Of Optical Processors For Adaptive Optics (1992)

Paper presents analysis of accuracies and requirements concerning accuracies of optical linear-algebra processors (OLAP's) in adaptive-optics imaging systems. Much faster than digital electronic processor and eliminate some residual distortion. Question whether errors introduced by analog processing of OLAP overcome advantage of greater speed. Paper addresses issue by presenting estimate of accuracy required in general OLAP that yields smaller average residual aberration of wave front than digital electronic processor computing at given speed.
A digital physician peer to automatically detect erroneous prescriptions in radiotherapy (2022)

Appropriate dosing of radiation is crucial to patient safety in radiotherapy. Current quality assurance depends heavily on a physician peer-review process, which includes a review of the treatment plan's dose and fractionation. Potentially, physicians may not identify errors during this manual peer review due to time constraints and caseload. A novel prescription anomaly detection algorithm is designed that utilizes historical data from the past to predict anomalous cases. Such a tool can serve as an electronic peer who will assist the peer-review process providing extra safety to the patients. In our primary model, we create two dissimilarity metrics, R and F. R defining how far a new patient's prescription is from historical prescriptions. F represents how far away a patient's feature set is from that of the group with an identical or similar prescription. We flag prescription if either metric is greater than specific optimized cut-off values. We use thoracic cancer patients (n = 2504) as an example and extracted seven features. Our testing set f1 score is between 73%-94% for different treatment technique groups. We also independently validate our results by conducting a mock peer review with three thoracic specialists. Our model has a lower type II error rate compared to the manual peer-review by physicians.
Performance of planar Floquet codes with Majorana-based qubits (2022)

Quantum error correction is crucial for any quantum computing platform to achieve truly scalable quantum computation. The surface code and its variants have been considered the most promising quantum error correction scheme due to their high threshold, low overhead, and relatively simple structure that can naturally be implemented in many existing qubit architectures, such as superconducting qubits. The recent development of Floquet codes offers another promising approach. By going beyond the usual paradigm of stabilizer codes, Floquet codes achieve similar performance while being constructed entirely from two-qubit measurements. This makes them particularly suitable for platforms where two-qubit measurements can be implemented directly, such as measurement-only topological qubits based on Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Here, we explain how two variants of Floquet codes can be implemented on MZM-based architectures without any auxiliary qubits for syndrome measurement and with shallow syndrome extraction sequences. We then numerically demonstrate their favorable performance. In particular, we show that they improve the threshold for scalable quantum computation in MZM-based systems by an order of magnitude, and significantly reduce space and time overheads below threshold.
Hands-On Blockchain with Hyperledger: Building decentralized applications with Hyperledger Fabric and Composer (2018)

Leverage the power of Hyperledger Fabric to develop Blockchain-based distributed ledgers with ease Key Features Write your own chaincode/smart contracts using Golang on hyperledger network Build and deploy decentralized applications (DApps) Dive into real world blockchain challenges such as integration and scalability Book Description Blockchain and Hyperledger technologies are hot topics. Hyperledger Fabric and Hyperledger Composer are open source projects that help organizations create private, permissioned blockchain networks. Applications that exploit them include finance, banking, supply chains, IoT, and much more. This book will be an easy reference to explore and build blockchain networks using Hyperledger technologies. This book will start by explaining the blockchain evolution, including an overview of relevant blockchain technologies. You will learn how to configure Hyperledger Fabric on a cloud platform. Understand the architectural components of Hyperledger Fabric, and how they are configured to build private blockchain networks, and applications that connect to them. You'll build up a network and application from scratch, starting with first principles. You'll learn how to implement smart contracts in chaincode and much more on the Hyperledger network. By the end of this book, you will be able to build and deploy your own decentralized applications using Hyperledger, addressing the key pain points encountered in the blockchain life cycle. What you will learn Discover why blockchain is a game changer in the technology landscape Set up blockchain networks using basic Hyperledger Fabric deployment Understand the considerations for creating decentralized applications Learn the process of creating good business networks using Hyperledger Write Smart Contracts quickly with Hyperledger Composer Design transaction model and chaincode with Golang Deploy Composer REST Gateway to access the Composer transactions Discern how business network impacts your Hyperledger Fabric solutions Who This Book Is For The book benefits business leaders as it provides a comprehensive view on blockchain business models, governance structure, and business design considerations of blockchain solutions. Technology leaders stand to gain a lot from the detailed discussion around the technology landscape, technology design, and architecture considerations in the book. With model-driven application development, this guide will speed up understanding and concept development for blockchain application developers. The simple and well organized content will put novices at ease with blockchain concepts and constructs.
Radiation-induced apoptosis of Ewing's sarcoma cells: DNA fragmentation and proteolysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. (1995)

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) cells express high levels of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PADPRP) and are responsive to killing by ionizing radiation. We have determined that ionizing radiation induced a pronounced but reversible G2-M phase cell cycle arrest that was maximum by 24 h after exposure. Following the release from this block, floating cells began to appear. These floating cells were shown to be apoptotic by flow cytometric and DNA fragmentation analyses. We found that apoptosis is a significant component of radiation-induced death in ES cells and that this is accomplished in conjunction with proteolytic cleavage of PADPRP. Two fragments of M(r) 25,000 and M(r) 29,000 containing the PADPRP DNA-binding domain were identified in floating (apoptotic) cells, whereas only the full-length M(r) 116,000 native protein was detected in adherent cells that retained DNA intact. These data are consistent with PADPRP cleavage being an early step in the apoptotic cascade of biochemical events in ES cells after ionizing radiation exposure.
The preparation and characterization of new polyether ketone‐tetraethylorthosilicate hybrid glasses by the sol‐gel method (1990)

Abstract In recent years, tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) has been used as a precursor in preparing inorganic glasses. The technique, known as the sol‐gel process involves a two step poly(hydrolysis‐condensation)reaction sequence. The work presented here is concerned with the utilization of a suitably functionalized oligomeric “glassy” organic polymeric component in this two step sequence. In particular, an amine terminated amorphous poly(arylene ether) ketone, (PEK), end capped with isocyantonropyl triethoxy silane was used to synthesize a hybrid network with TEOS. Low incorporation of the PEK oligomers into the network caused by early vitrification can be eliminated by carrying out reactions at elevated temperatures. A systematic change in mechanical and physical properties of the hybrid glass has been found with TEOS content and the annealing temperatures. A model for the network has been proposed based on structural and morphological evidence.
Filter Design for SOA-Assisted SS-WDM Systems Using Parallel Multicanonical Monte Carlo (2009)

We address design and optimization of optical filters for spectrum-sliced wavelength division multiplexed (SS-WDM) systems employing saturated semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) to suppress intensity noise. We study the impact of the shape of both slicing and channel selecting optical filters vis-a-vis two important impairments: the filtering effect and the crosstalk. The quantification of bit error rate (BER) is made possible by a parallel implementation of the multicanonical Monte Carlo algorithm. The intensity noise suppression by the SOA and signal degradation by subsequent optical filtering are studied both numerically and experimentally. We find optical filter shape and bandwidth that minimizes BER. By varying channel spacing and width, we estimate the achievable spectral efficiency when using both noise-cleaning SOA and forward error correction. We show that when constrained to use a symmetric architecture, i.e., identical filters for both slicing and channel selecting filters, there is a degradation in achievable spectral efficiency. We show that noise suppression is robust to variations in relative channel powers in multichannel systems. Our numerical simulations, vetted experimentally, provide accurate and quantitative results on optimized system performance.
Solar variations in extremely low frequency propagation parameters: 1. A two‐dimensional telegraph equation (TDTE) model of ELF propagation and fundamental parameters of Schumann resonances (2003)

The primary purpose of the research presented is to study solar variations in extremely low frequency (ELF) propagation parameters using Schumann resonance (SR) data from our irregular observations carried out in the East Carpathian mountains. The natural electromagnetic ELF fields in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity (the global resonator) are strongly dependent on its resonance and propagation properties as well as on the global thunderstorm activity. Thus a determination of the global resonator parameters from Schumann resonances needs information about such signal properties, which depend only on physical conditions of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity. To seek such signal properties, we consider the two‐dimensional telegraph equation (TDTE) approach for describing propagation of ELF electromagnetic waves in a two‐dimensional spherical transmission line model of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity. We have set up a model consisting of a network of finite, homogeneous, one‐dimensional transmission lines covering the sphere; with the square root dependence of the attenuation rate from frequency as a sufficient model for the study of the solar influence on global properties of the Earth‐ionosphere cavity. Using this model, we have constructed useful formulae and algorithms connecting the observed parameters of Schumann resonances with the attenuation rate. This enables us to study the solar influence on the attenuation rate from diurnal observations of the NS‐magnetic component of the ELF field measured at one station. As the measurements were carried out during both the minimum and the maximum of the solar cycle 23, we present in the work of Ku ak et al. [2003] evidence for a change in the ELF attenuation rate in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity with solar activity.
All-conjugated polyelectrolyteblock copolymers (2009)

Novel, all-conjugated polyelectrolyte block copolymers of the rod-rod type can be generated in a “grafting from” scheme and exhibit a preferred tendency to self-assemble into layered aggregates both in solution and the solid state. Here, the rigid-rod structure of the individual, complex macromolecules favours the formation of low-curvature vesicular and lamellar aggregates. Our poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene)-b-poly[3-(6-ammoniumhexyl)thiophene] (PF2/6-b-P3TMAHT and PFO-b-P3TMAHT, where PF2/6 and PFO denote 2-(ethyl)hexyl and linear octyl alkyl pendant groups, respectively), and poly(9,9-dialkylfluorene)-b-poly[3-(6-pyridylhexyl)thiophene] (PF2/6-b-P3PyHT and PFO-b-P3PyHT) polyelectrolyte diblock copolymers allow for simple and reliable control of the occurring self-organisation process and the resulting nano-scaled architectures. They are, therefore, promising candidates for application as the active layer in electronic devices or as functional membranes (e.g. for sensor applications). Moreover, the electronic properties of the materials (especially the excitation energy transfer between both blocks) strongly depend on the aggregation state present. Aggregation can be further controlled via addition of oppositely charged surfactants resulting in the formation of ordered polyelectrolyte/surfactant complexes.
Dietary Fat Acutely Increases Glucose Concentrations and Insulin Requirements in Patients With Type 1 Diabetes (2012)

This evidence that dietary fat increases glucose levels and insulin requirements highlights the limitations of the current carbohydrate-based approach to bolus dose calculation. These findings point to the need for alternative insulin dosing algorithms for higher-fat meals and suggest that dietary fat intake is an important nutritional consideration for glycemic control in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
Fluid Permeabilities of Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (2006)

It has recently been shown that triply periodic two-phase bicontinuous composites with interfaces that are the Schwartz primitive (P) and diamond (D) minimal surfaces are not only geometrically extremal but extremal for simultaneous transport of heat and electricity. The multifunctionality of such two-phase systems has been further established by demonstrating that they are also extremal when a competition is set up between the effective bulk modulus and electrical (or thermal) conductivity of the bicontinuous composite. Here we compute the fluid permeabilities of these and other triply periodic bicontinuous structures at a porosity $ϕ=1/2$ using the immersed boundary finite volume method. The other triply periodic porous media that we study include the Schoen gyroid (G) minimal surface, two different pore-channel models, and an array of spherical obstacles arranged on the sites of a simple cubic lattice. We find that the Schwartz P porous medium has the largest fluid permeability among all of the six triply periodic porous media considered in this paper. The fluid permeabilities are shown to be inversely proportional to the corresponding specific surfaces for these structures. This leads to the conjecture that the maximal fluid permeability for a triply periodic porous medium with a simply connected pore space at a porosity $ϕ=1/2$ is achieved by the structure that globally minimizes the specific surface.
Duobinary modulation format in 10 Gb/s ethernet multi mode fibre (MMF) transmission systems (2006)

We compare experimentally the on-off keying (OOK) modulation format with the bandwidth efficient duobinary modulation format in 10 Gb/s Ethernet short haul transmission systems based on multi mode fibre (MMF). Thereby, the investigations are focussed on the robustness towards the negative influences of multimode fibre characteristics. It is shown by experiments that the duobinary modulation format owns a better performance against the limiting fibre influences due to the narrower spectrum. Based on these experimental results, the duobinary modulation format seems to be a very promising candidate for short haul transmission systems based on multi mode fibre as well as on single mode fibre.
Adsorption and hydrogenolysis of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid on aluminum oxide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAdsorption and hydrogenolysis of cyclopropanecarboxylic acid on aluminum oxideM. K. Templeton and W. H. WeinbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 3, 544–551Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00289a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00289a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Enantioselective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Addition of Potassium Alkenyltrifluoroborates to Cyclic Imines (2012)

Erzwungenes Zusammensein: Cyclische Imine, deren CN-Bindung in der Z-Anordnung fixiert ist, erwiesen sich als hoch effiziente Substrate für enantioselektive Rh-katalysierte Additionen von Kaliumalkenyltrifluoroboraten. Das Alken in den Produkten ist ein nützlicher Startpunkt für weitere Modifizierungen, und Arylsulfamat-Produkte können zudem in Ni-katalysierten Suzuki-Miyaura- und Kumada-Kupplungen eingesetzt werden.
Data from Monitoring of Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy Using Noninvasive Imaging Modalities (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Cancer immunotherapies can be guided by cellular imaging techniques, which can identify the presence or absence of immune cell accumulation in the tumor tissue &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and in real time. This review summarizes various new and evolving imaging techniques employed for tracking and monitoring of adoptive natural killer cell immunotherapies. Cancer Res; 70(15); 6109–13. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Temporal Patterns of Diagnostic Results in Serial Samples from Cattle with Advanced Paratuberculosis Infections (2003)

As part of investigating diagnostic strategies for Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map), serial results from polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on extraintestinal tissues (blood, milk, and liver) were compared with those from more conventional detection methods including serum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fecal culture, and fecal PCR. Three cows previously identified as being subclinically infected with Map were selected for the study. Blood, milk, and feces were collected daily and liver biopsies were obtained weekly for a 30-day period. Unexpectedly, a substantial daily variation in serum ELISA sample to positive (S/P) ratios was observed in all 3 cows. In contrast, fecal culture results were consistently positive. However, whereas fecal culture colony counts were consistently high for 2 cows throughout the study, colony counts from the third cow varied from day to day. Diagnostic sensitivity of PCR for fecal, blood, milk, and liver samples in these advanced subclinically infected cows was 87%, 40%, 96%, and 93%, respectively.
<title>High-aspect-ratio trench etching</title> (1993)

A high aspect ratio (&gt; 15:1), sub-micron, deep capacitor trench process is demonstrated in an 8 inch Applied Materials P5000E magnetically enhanced reactive ion etcher (MERIE) using HBr/NF<SUB>3</SUB>/He-O<SUB>2</SUB> chemistry. Through the insertion of ferro-magnetic sheet material into the pedestal, sub-micron trenches can be etched to depths greater than 10 micrometers , with etch rates &gt; 6000 angstroms/min, uniformity &lt; +/- 5%, profile uniformity 89 +/- 0.5 degree(s) and selectivity to oxide &gt; 40:1. The importance of the wafer surface temperature on trench etch properties is established. Studies indicate that there is a threshold temperature below which the chosen recipe would need to be modified to produce satisfactory trenches.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Cycloadditions to Oxyallyl Zwitterions Generated from Photorearrangements of 2,5‐Cyclohexadien‐1‐ones. (1988)

Abstract Photolysis of the 4‐(azidopropyl)cyclohexa‐2,5‐dienones (I) yields the rearranged products (II) and (III) or (IV) or the heterocyclic compound (V).