gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treating Systematic Errors in Multiple Sclerosis Data (2005)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by high variability between patients and, more importantly here, within an individual over time. This makes categorization and prognosis difficult. Moreover, it is unclear to what degree this intra-individual variation reflects the long-term course of irreversible disability and what is attributable to short-term processes such as relapses, to interrater variability and to measurement error. Any investigation and prediction of the medium or long term evolution of irreversible disability in individual patients is therefore confronted with the problem of systematic error in addition to random fluctuations. The approach described in this article aims to assist in detecting relapses in disease curves and in identifying the underlying disease course. To this end neurological knowledge was transformed into simple rules which were then implemented into computer algorithms for pre-editing disease curves. Based on simulations it is shown that pre-editing time series of disability measured with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) can lead to more robust and less biased estimates for important disease characteristics, such as baseline EDSS and time to reach certain EDSS levels or sustained progression.
Ten Gb/s optically pre-amplified RZ-DPSK for FSO communications systems with very large link losses (2008)

For free-space optical (FSO) communications systems, sensitive optical receivers are the key to closing the link over long distances in inter-satellite transmission scenarios, or to overcome large atmospheric attenuation in terrestrial FSO systems. We present a 10.7 Gb/s optical transmitterreceiver pair operating at 1550-nm, based on return-to-zero, differential phase-shift keying (RZDPSK). The receiver is pre-amplified and uses an optical delay interferometer and a balanced photo-receiver. The outer dimensions, the weight, and power consumption are 44&times;44&times;18 cm<sup>3</sup>, 14.1 kg, and 35 W, respectively. This optical receiver is single-mode fiber coupled. At 10.7 Gb/s, a receiver sensitivity of 27 photons/bit was measured, which yields a bit error rate of 1e-9. This is less than 1 dB from the quantum limit (22 photons/bit). Coupled with a commercial optical booster amplifier having an output power of about +37 dBm, a link loss of more than 80 dB can be bridged. In an inter-satellite communications scenario, this corresponds to several tens of thousands of kilometers. Additionally, high link losses can also be experienced in terrestrial systems as the result of atmospheric scintillation. To study this effect, the transmitter and receiver combination were tested with simulated turbulence (scintillation). A turbulence box was used to emulate different levels of scintillation under which the pre-amplified RZ-DPSK system was investigated. Results of these tests are presented.
Advance Resource Reservation Protocols: Applications in Mobile Networks (2006)

AbstractUsers employing communication networks for their critical business needs expect a very high level of Quality of Service (QoS) and are aware of their requirements in advance in many cases. In this papers, we propose a model for a network that allows users to specify their requirements in advance and defer the decision to admit the call to optimize the usage of network resources. The application of this model for mobile networks is especially studied.Indexing terms: Mobile networksResource reservationQuality of service Additional informationNotes on contributorsAbhinav MathurAbhinav Mathur was born in New Delhi, India in 1971. He received his Bachelor of Engineering in Computer Engineering from the Delhi Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1992. He completed his PhD from the Department of Electrical Engineering at Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi in 2002. His research interests are in the area of Grid Computing, Mobile Communications, Next Generation Network Components and Architectures and Value Added Services. He has worked in the area of Intelligent Networks and Mobile Communications in Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT) and is currently working for Intersolutions Pvt Ltd, a US based Telecom incubator Company, as their Vice President.S KarSubrat Kar graduated with Honours in Electrical & Electronics Engineering from the Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani in 1987. He holds a Doctoral Degree in Electrical Communication Engineering from the Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore (1991). He has been with the International Center for Theoretical Physics, Trieste as a Post-Doctoral Fellow (1991–1994). Presently he is a Professor at the Department of Electrical Engineering and the Bharti School of Telecommunication Technology, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi. His research areas are in optical communication, switching, access technologies, telecom protocols, embedded systems and high speed networks.
Electrodeposition of Nickel‐Aluminum Alloys from the Aluminum Chloride‐1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium Chloride Room Temperature Molten Salt (1996)

The electrodeposition of nickel and nickel‐aluminum alloys on glassy carbon was investigated in the 66.7–33.3 mole percent (m/o) aluminum chloride‐1‐methyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium chloride molten salt containing electrogenerated nickel(II) at 40°C. The electrodeposition of nickel on glassy carbon involves three‐dimensional progressive nucleation on a finite number of active sites with hemispherical diffusion‐controlled growth of the nuclei. At potentials slightly more negative than those needed to induce the reduction of nickel(II) to the metal, aluminum is codeposited with nickel to produce Ni‐Al alloys. Controlled‐potential and controlled‐current experiments revealed that it is possible to produce alloy deposits containing up to approximately 40 atomic percent (a/o) aluminum under conditions that circumvent the bulk deposition of aluminum. The aluminum content of the Ni‐Al deposit was found to vary linearly with the deposition potential but nonlinearly with the current density. The electrodeposited Ni‐Al alloys are thermodynamically unstable with respect to nickel(II), i.e., immersion of the alloy deposit in melt containing nickel(II) under open‐circuit conditions leads to a reduction in the aluminum content of the alloy. The mechanism of alloy formation appears to involve underpotential deposition of aluminum on the developing nickel deposit; however, alloy formation must be kinetically hindered because the aluminum content is always less than predicted from theoretical considerations. Ni‐Al alloys produced at 0.30 V [vs. Al/Al(III) in pure 66.7–33.3 m/o melt] in melt containing nickel(II) and 20% (w/w) benzene as a cosolvent contained about 15 a/o nickel and were of high quality with a disordered fee structure, but alloys produced at more negative potentials had the visual appearance of a loosely adherent, finely divided, black powder and were heavily contaminated with chloride, probably as a result of the occlusion of the molten salt solvent by the dendritic alloy deposit during deposit growth.
Structure-property relationships in self-assembled metalorganic chemical vapor deposition–grown CoFe2O4–PbTiO3 multiferroic nanocomposites using three-dimensional characterization (2011)

Multiferroic nanocomposites, consisting of branched, ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 filaments and large protruding PbTiO3 particles embedded in a piezoelectric PbTiO3 matrix, have been fabricated by co-deposition using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Branched CoFe2O4 filaments reduce the CoFe2O4/PbTiO3 interfacial strain and induce a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Three-dimensional characterizations reveal that in addition to the c-domain, grains with a second orientation in PbTiO3 particles contribute to an additional four apparent variants of polarization. In contrast, the PbTiO3 matrix exhibits only c-domain polarization with a smaller magnitude. The smaller piezoresponse results from the constraints imposed by the branched CoFe2O4 filaments. Three-dimensional microstructure and property analysis provide a comprehensive insight on the structure-property relationship of multiferroic nanocomposites grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition.
Abstract B15: Comprehensive cistromic characterization of SOX10, a lineage-specific genetic dependency in melanoma, via the integration of functional genomic approaches (2017)

Abstract Melanoma accounts for less than 5% of skin cancers, but a majority of skin cancer deaths. Genomic studies and drug discovery programs have led to the development of targeted therapies, including BRAF and MEK inhibitors, but the inevitable resistance to these targeted agents necessitates a greater understanding of melanoma biology and genetics. By integrating genome-wide functional genomic and transcriptomic data, we have identified SOX10 as a lineage-specific genetic dependency in melanoma independent of BRAF or NRAS mutation status. Subsequent analyses indicate that SOX10 dependency is highly correlated with SOX10 gene expression and functional in vitro experiments have confirmed the role of SOX10 in the proliferation and growth of melanoma cell lines regardless of their sensitivity to MAPK pathway inhibitors. Chromatin immunoprecipitation of endogenous SOX10 followed by sequencing (SOX10 ChIP-seq) combined with transcriptomic profiling (RNA-seq) following SOX10 depletion by shRNA in a panel of melanoma cell lines determined the SOX10 cistrome, the set of SOX10 target genes across the melanoma genome. Integration of the SOX10 cistrome with genetic dependency data may lead to novel therapeutic approaches in melanoma. Citation Format: Terence Wong, Cory Johannessen, Jingyu Fan, Henry Long, Shirley Liu, Levi Garraway. Comprehensive cistromic characterization of SOX10, a lineage-specific genetic dependency in melanoma, via the integration of functional genomic approaches [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Opportunities and Challenges of Exploiting Synthetic Lethality in Cancer; Jan 4-7, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2017;16(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B15.
Common human genetic variants and HIV-1 susceptibility: a genome-wide survey in a homogeneous African population (2010)

This is the first GWAS of host determinants of HIV-1 susceptibility, performed in an African population. The absence of any significant association can have many possible explanations: rarer genetic variants or common variants with weaker effect could be responsible for the resistance phenotype; alternatively, resistance to HIV-1 infection might be due to nongenetic parameters or to complex interactions between genes, immunity and environment.
Biometrics boost business outcomes and security in public services (2012)

Whether enhancing security measures or automating identity authentication, there is little doubt that biometrics is presenting new opportunities for public service organisations to excel. With the growth of globalisation, increased mobility and the societal shift toward online activities, the pressure is on for biometrics technologies to increase security and facilitate business transactions while achieving greater cost efficiencies in public services.
Optical coherence tomography with digital holographic microscopy (2004)

A new 3D imaging technique combining the advantages of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) with those of reduced coherence interferometry is described. Tomographic images (10μm thick) of epithelial cells of the porcine cornea are presented.
Is the connectionist-logicist clash one of AI's wonderful red herrings? (1991)

Abstract Abstract A careful adjudication of the connectionist-logicist clash in AI and cognitive science seems to disclose that it is a mirage. Keywords: logicismconnectionismsymbol systemsneural networks
ChemInform Abstract: INTRAZEOLITE RHODIUM CARBONYL AND RHODIUM CARBONYL PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES (1984)

Abstract Ein voll hydratisierter Zeolith (13X) wird durch Behandeln mit RhCl 3 ·3H 2 O (Rückfluß in NH 3 ‐H 2 O) oder mit [Rh(NH 3 ) 5 Cl]Cl 2 (in siedendem Wasser) mit Rh(III) beladen.
Increased intracellular iron in mouse primary hepatocytes in vitro causes activation of the Akt pathway but decreases its response to insulin (2018)

These findings may help explain why both insulin resistance and increased sensitivity have been observed in iron-overloaded states. They are of relevance to a variety of disease conditions characterized by hepatic iron overload and increased risk of diabetes.
Nanoscale mechanisms in age-related hip-fractures (2020)

Nanoscale mineralized collagen fibrils may be important determinants of whole-bone mechanical properties and contribute to the risk of age-related fractures. In a cross-sectional study nano- and tissue-level mechanics were compared across trabecular sections from the proximal femora of three groups (n = 10 each): ageing non-fractured donors (Controls); untreated fracture patients (Fx-Untreated); bisphosphonate-treated fracture patients (Fx-BisTreated). Collagen fibril, mineral and tissue mechanics were measured using synchrotron X-Ray diffraction of bone sections under load. Mechanical data were compared across groups, and tissue-level data were regressed against nano. Compared to controls fracture patients exhibited significantly lower critical tissue strain, max strain and normalized strength, with lower peak fibril and mineral strain. Bisphosphonate-treated exhibited the lowest properties. In all three groups, peak mineral strain coincided with maximum tissue strength (i.e. ultimate stress), whilst peak fibril strain occurred afterwards (i.e. higher tissue strain). Tissue strain and strength were positively and strongly correlated with peak fibril and mineral strains. Age-related fractures were associated with lower peak fibril and mineral strain irrespective of treatment. Indicating earlier mineral disengagement and the subsequent onset of fibril sliding is one of the key mechanisms leading to fracture. Treatments for fragility should target collagen-mineral interactions to restore nano-scale strain to that of healthy bone.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis and in vitro Screening of New 1H‐Pyrazole and 1,2‐Isoxazole Derivatives as Potential Inhibitors for ROS and MAPK14 Kinases. (2013)

Abstract A new series of pyrazoles (VII) and their isoxazole analogues (VIII) are designed, synthesized and evaluated for the kinase inhibitory activity.
Differential Signaling after β1 Integrin Ligation Is Mediated Through Binding of CRKL to p120 and p110 (1997)

CRKL is an SH2-SH3-SH3 adapter protein that is a major substrate of the BCR/ABL oncogene. The function of CRKL in normal cells is unknown. In cells transformed by BCR/ABL we have previously shown that CRKL is associated with two focal adhesion proteins, tensin and paxillin, suggesting that CRKL could be involved in integrin signaling. In two hematopoietic cell lines, MO7e and H9, we found that CRKL rapidly associates with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins after cross-linking of beta1 integrins with fibronectin or anti-beta1 integrin monoclonal antibodies. The major tyrosine-phosphorylated CRKL-binding protein in the megakaryocytic MO7e cells was identified as p120(CBL), the cellular homolog of the v-Cbl oncoprotein. However, in the lymphoid H9 cell line, the major tyrosine-phosphorylated CRKL-binding protein was p110(HEF1). In both cases, this binding was mediated by the CRKL SH2 domain. Interestingly, although both MO7e and H9 cells express p120(CBL) and p110(HEF1), beta1 integrin cross-linking induces tyrosine phosphorylation of p120(CBL) (but not p110(HEF1)) in MO7e cells and of p110(HEF1) (but not p120(CBL)) in H9 cells. In both cell types, CRKL is constitutively complexed to C3G, SOS, and c-ABL through its SH3 domains, and the stoichiometry of these complexes does not change upon integrin ligation. Thus, in different cell types CRKL and its SH3-associated proteins may form different multimeric complexes depending on whether p120(CBL) or p110(HEF1) is tyrosine-phosphorylated after integrin ligation. The shift in association of CRKL and its SH3-associated proteins from p120(CBL) to p110(HEF1) could contribute to different functional outcomes of "outside-in" integrin signaling in different cells.
Exploiting temporal coherence in scene analysis for autonomous navigation (2003)

A technique for building reliable scene descriptions by evaluating the temporal stability of detected objects is presented. The approach is designed to avoid mistakes and to increase the competence of the sensing system by tracking objects from image to image and evaluating the stability of their descriptions over time. Since the information available about an object can change significantly over time, the authors introduce the idea of a representation space, which is a lattice of representations progressing from crude blob descriptions to complete semantic models, such as bush, rock, and tree. One of these representations is associated with an object only after the object has been described multiple times in the representation and the parameters of the representation are stable in a statistical sense enhanced by a set of explanations describing valid reasons for deviations. To illustrate the power of these ideas, the authors have implemented a system, called TraX, that constructs and refines models of outdoor objects detected in sequences of range data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Sampling of Data Derived from Historical Documents in Anthropological Research (2010)

In response to Joshua Piker's (this issue) comment on our article (Foster and Cohen 2007), we point out that our article was a description of a test of a hypothesis. Piker's (this issue) criticism of our paper is grounded in the differences between historians and anthropological archaeologists. The historic literature that Piker (this issue) cited does not inform about whether or not Creek Indians hunted where we performed the sediment cores. It merely points out that Creek hunters may have hunted with greater frequency elsewhere. But that is irrelevant to our study, which tested whether the eighteenth-century deerskin trade increased the frequency of forest fires in a particular region. Archaeologists will benefit from using historical documents but archaeologists still have to be clear about the potential biases of those interdisciplinary data sources.
An RNAi-Therapeutic Targeting Tmprss6, in Conjunction With Oral Chelator Therapy, Ameliorates Anemia and Additively Diminishes Secondary Iron Overload In a Mouse Model Of β-Thalassemia Intermedia (2013)

Abstract β-Thalassemias are a group of inherited blood disorders caused by loss of β-globin synthesis and are characterized by anemia, extramedullary hematopoiesis and ineffective erythropoiesis leading to secondary iron overload. Increased iron absorption is due to inappropriately low levels of the liver hormone, hepcidin (HAMP). The membrane serine protease Matriptase-2 (TMPRSS6) attenuates BMP-mediated HAMP induction by cleaving the BMP co-receptor, hemojuvelin (HJV). Previously, we demonstrated that an RNAi-therapeutic targeting Tmprss6 elevates hepcidin expression and reduces disease severity in the Hbbth3/+ mouse model of β-Thalassemia intermedia (Blood. 2013; 14;121(7):1200-8). To further interrogate the efficacy of this therapeutic approach, Hbbth3/+ animals were treated with a siRNA directed against Tmprss6 on a replete 50ppm iron diet, a low iron diet (3-5ppm iron) or a 50ppm iron diet containing deferiprone. Systemic administration of an siRNA directed against Tmprss6 in the three diet conditions leads to significant inhibition of Tmprss6 mRNA in the livers of Hbbth3/+ mice with concomitant elevation in hepcidin expression. In correspondence with earlier studies, we demonstrate here that Tmprss6 silencing in animals under each of the three diet regimens leads to a significant improvement in the anemia of Hbbth3/+ mice as evidenced by increased total hemoglobin. Furthermore, hallmarks of ineffective erythropoiesis, including splenomegaly and reticulocytosis, were decreased in all Tmprss6 silenced Hbbth3/+ animals. If untreated, excessive iron loading in humans with β-Thalassemia leads to tissue iron deposition and eventual organ damage and failure. Importantly, here we demonstrate that the total body iron burden of Hbbth3/+ mice, as assessed by non-heme liver iron, is decreased by almost 30% in animals chelated with oral deferiprone and treated with Tmprss6 siRNA. A similar diminution of iron deposition is not evident in animals on a low iron diet or in mice fed deferiprone alone. Taken together, this data suggest that siRNA suppression of Tmprss6, in conjunction with chelation therapy, may provide an improved modality for treatment of the anemia and secondary iron loading seen in hemoglobinopathies such as β-Thalassemia. Disclosures: Racie: Alnylam Pharmaceutical, Inc: Employment. Butler:Alnylam Pharmaceutical, Inc: Employment. Fitzgerald:Alnylam: Employment. Fleming:Alnylam Pharmaceutical, Inc: Research Funding.
Estrogenic endocrine disruptive components interfere with calcium handling and differentiation of human trophoblast cells (2003)

During development, calcium (Ca) is actively transported by placental trophoblasts to meet fetal nutritional and the skeletal mineralization needs. Maternal exposure to estrogenic pesticides, such as 1,1-bis(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethane (DDT) and methoxychlor (MTC), has been shown to result in reproductive disorders and/or abnormal fetal development. In this study, we have examined the effects of exposure of trophoblastic cells to MTC and DTT, in comparison to 17beta-estradiol (E2) and diethylstilbestrol (DES), to test the hypothesis that cellular Ca handling is a target for these endocrine disruptive components. Treatment with DDT, MTC, DES, or E2 increased cellular Ca uptake, and the expression of trophoblast-specific human Ca binding protein (HCaBP) was down-regulated by both MTC and DDT. Treatment with MTC, DDT, and DES inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed expression of several trophoblast differentiation marker genes. These effects were reversed by overexpression of metallothionein IIa, a gene highly responsive to cadmium and other metals. These results strongly suggest that trophoblast Ca handling functions are endocrinally modulated, and that their alteration by candidate endocrine disruptors, such as MTC and DDT, constitutes a possible pathway of the harmful effects of these components on fetal development.
Investigation of Switching-Induced Local Defects in Oxide-Based CBRAM Using Expanded Analytical Model of TDDB (2019)

The degradation behavior of Ag/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based conductive bridging RAM (CBRAM) is analyzed by conventional and expanded time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) models. By comparing the total cycling stress with time-to-breakdown (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bd</sub> ) of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> used as a solid electrolyte switching layer, it is clarified that the cycling stress does not reach the level at which dielectric breakdown of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is triggered. On the other hand, we found that the t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bd</sub> distribution after several cycles of set/reset stress agrees well with the simulated t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">bd</sub> distribution derived from expanded TDDB models, in which we assumed that a large amount of defects exists locally in the device area. This approach is useful for understanding the degradation in solid-electrolyte oxide of CBRAM.