gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating Formation Properties in Heterogeneous Reservoirs Using 3D Interval Pressure Transient Test and Geostatistical Data (2005)

Proposal The medium scale formation heterogeneity (about 1 foot to 100 feet near-wellbore) cannot be usually resolved well by conventional well test data, particularly in vertical direction. Spatial pressure data sets from the interval pressure transient testing (IPTT) along the wellbore measured by using multi-probe and dual packer-probe wireline formation testers (WFT) provide information about near-wellbore heterogeneity. The objective of this work is to examine the use of spatial 3D (three dimensional) IPTT data acquired by dual packer-probe WFTs and geostatistical information for estimating heterogeneous formation properties (e.g. horizontal and vertical permeability) in both lateral and vertical directions along the wellbore. There has been no systematic study in the literature about resolving heterogeneity in horizontal and vertical permeability and porosity from spatial 3D IPTT data. Throughout, formation property and parameter will be used interchangeably. In this study, a 3D single-phase single-well (r-T-z) numerical flow model (simulator) was developed to simulate the behavior of IPTT measurements in heterogeneous media. Heterogeneity in formation properties is modeled at the gridblock scale by using geostatistics that allows properties to be treated as random regional variables with certain correlation structures. Horizontal and vertical property distributions conditional to IPTT data sets are estimated by using the inverse problem methodology based on Bayesian probability theorem. For estimation of formation parameters (properties) conditional to IPTT spatial data sets and geostatistical model, we minimize the objective function resulting from the application of the Bayesian probability theorem by using the well-known Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm. The sensitivity coefficients required in the LM algorithm are efficiently computed by using the adjoint method. We also show maps of sensitivity coefficients of packer interval and observation probe pressures with respect to parameter distributions (e.g., horizontal/vertical permeabilities and porosities) that offer important evidence about near-wellbore heterogeneities, where formation property distributions might be well resolved by interval pressure transient data.Synthetic examples are presented to show the methodology proposed in this work.
Organocuprate Cross‐Coupling: The Central Role of the Copper(III) Intermediate and the Importance of the Copper(I) Precursor (2007)

CuIII in focus: The key intermediate in copper-mediated cross-coupling reactions has long been believed to be a “copper(III) intermediate”. Investigation of reactions of a variety of methyl Gilman reagents Me2CuLi⋅LiX with EtI using rapid-injection NMR spectroscopy conditions reveals a number of formally CuIII tetracoordinate square-planar intermediates (see scheme) with a surprising range of stabilities. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z703035_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Microscale Features and Surface Chemical Functionality Patterned by Electron Beam Lithography:  A Novel Route to Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) Stamp Fabrication (2006)

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) has become a ubiquitous material for microcontact printing, yet there are few methods available to pattern a completed PDMS stamp in a single step. It is shown here that electron beam lithography (EBL) is effective in writing patterns directly onto cured PDMS stamps, thus overcoming the need for multiple patterning steps. Not only does this method allow the modification of an existing lithographic pattern, but new 3D features such as cones, pits, and channels can also be fabricated. EBL can also be used to fabricate PDMS masks for photolithography whereby 1:1 pattern transfer into a photoresist is achieved. Additionally, direct EBL writing of surface chemical features has been achieved using a PDMS stamp coated with a self-assembled monolayer. An electrostatic mechanism appears to be operative in the EBL patterning process, as supported by calculations, thermogravimetric analysis, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy, optical and atomic force microscopy, and chemical functionalization assays.
O-linked fucose is present in the first epidermal growth factor domain of factor XII but not protein C. (1992)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) domains are found in many proteins, particularly those of the coagulation/fibrinolytic system. We and others have demonstrated that tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and prourokinase are modified by the attachment of fucose to equivalent threonine residues within their EGF domains. Factor XII and protein C each contain two EGF domains; in both proteins, the EGF domain nearest the N terminus has a threonine residue in a position homologous to that which is fucosylated in t-PA. In protein C, this site is 3 residues from the position of another post-translational modification, beta-hydroxylation of Asp-71. We isolated peptides containing these sites to determine, primarily by mass spectrometric analysis, the presence of O-linked fucose and/or beta-hydroxyaspartate. We found that factor XII is fully fucosylated at Thr-90. Protein C is unmodified at the equivalent site (Thr-68) and is completely beta-hydroxylated at Asp-71. It has been recently reported that the first EGF domain of human factor VII has O-linked fucose at the equivalent position (Ser-60) (Bjoern, S., Foster, D. C., Thim, L., Wiberg, F. C., Christensen, M., Komiyama, Y., Pedersen, A. H., and Kisiel, W. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 11051-11057), while it is unmodified at Asp-63 despite having the consensus sequence for beta-hydroxylation at the latter site. These observations raise the possibility that O-linked fucosylation and beta-hydroxylation of EGF domains are mutually exclusive post-translational modifications.
Lipophilic, Acid-Stable, Adenosine Deaminase-Activated Anti-HIV Prodrugs for Central Nervous System Delivery. 2. 6-Halo- and 6-Alkoxy Prodrugs of 2'-.beta.-Fluoro-2',3'-dideoxyinosine (1995)

A series of 6-halo-(F-, Cl-, Br-, I-) and 6-alkoxy-(OMe-, OEt-) 9-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-threopentofuranosyl) purines (F-ddN) have been synthesized and characterized with the objective of finding compounds which might be superior to existing drugs for the treatment of HIV in the central nervous system. These compounds, which contain lipophilic 6-substituents, were chosen as acid-stable prodrugs for the anti-HIV-active F-ddN, 9-(2,3-dideoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-threo-pentofuranosyl) hypoxanthine (F-ddI), because of their potential to increase blood-brain-barrier penetration relative to F-ddI. All the new compounds were more lipophilic than the currently approved anti-AIDS drugs. Partition coefficient increases of 30- and 110-fold were achieved, relative to didanosine (ddI), for the 6-chloro- and 6-ethoxy analogues. 2'-Fluoro substitution abolished the pH 1, acid-catalyzed cleavage of the nucleoside glycosylic bond. However, pH 1, acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of the 6-fluoro substituent to produce F-ddI was observed to occur at a rate (t1/2 0.54 h) which was ca. 40-170 times faster than that of the other prodrugs. The utility of the F-ddNs as prodrugs for F-ddI depends upon their ability to act as substrates for adenosine deaminase. The relative rates of adenosine deaminase-catalyzed prodrug hydrolysis to F-ddI varied by a factor of > 25,000 with the 6-fluoro- and 6-ethoxy analogues reacting the fastest and slowest, respectively. All of the prodrugs possessed anti-HIV activity in the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell test system and a qualitative correlation exists between prodrug anti-HIV activity and adenosine deaminase hydrolysis rates.
Supplementary Fig. S1 from Engineered anti-CD70 antibody-drug conjugate with increased therapeutic index (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from Engineered anti-CD70 antibody-drug conjugate with increased therapeutic index
Direct observation of microscopic plastic deformation of stainless steel using lattice drawn by focused ion beam of Ga+ (2005)

AbstractAbstractVisualisation of the microscopic deformation of a stainless steel was attempted. A mirror polished, flat surface specimen was subjected to a simple tension test, and the deformation of a fine lattice drawn by a focused ion beam (FIB) of Ga+ was observed. The depth of the lattice was of the order of a few tens of nanometres. The penetration depth of Ga+ was estimated using SRIM software, and the result indicated that the use of a FIB might not cause serious detriment to the mechanical properties of the lattice surface. After testing, lattices were examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The results showed that displacement was continuous in the grain as well as across the grain boundary, and the microscopic deformation was categorised into three patterns: (a) a clear thin layer of shear deformation which was discontinuous across the grain boundary, (b) an area of uniform deformation inside this thin layer and (c) microscopic shear bands appearing sporadically in the grains.Keywords: MICROSCOPIC PLASTIC DEFORMATIONMACROSCOPIC BEHAVIOURLATTICEFOCUSED ION BEAMSTAINLESS STEEL
Definition of T cell epitopes within the 19 kDa carboxylterminal fragment of Plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein 1 (MSP119) and their role in immunity to malaria (1998)

MSP1(19) is one of the leading malaria vaccine candidates. However, the mechanism of protection is not clear. To determine whether MSP1(19)-specific effector T cells can control parasitaemia, we analysed the specificity of T cells induced following immunization with recombinant forms of P. yoelii MSP1(19) and asked whether they could protect mice. There was no evidence that effector T cells were capable of protecting since: (1) immunization of mice with yMSP1(19), but not defined epitopes, was able to induce protection; and (2) long term MSP1(19)-specific CD4+ T cell lines were incapable of adoptively transferring protection. In contrast, priming mice with the T cell epitopes resulted in a rapid anamnestic antibody response to MSP1(19) after either challenge with MSP1(19) or parasite. Thus, MSP1(19) contains multiple T cell epitopes but such epitopes are the targets of helper T cells for antibody response but not of identified effector T cells capable of controlling parasitaemia.
Real-time Auditory and Visual Multiple-speaker Tracking For Human-robot Interaction (2002)

This paper addresses real-time multiple speaker tracking because it is essential in robot perception and human-robot social interaction. The difficulty lies in treating a mixture of sounds, occlusion (some speakers are hidden) and real-time processing. Our approach consists of three components: (1) the extraction of the direction of each speaker by using interaural phase difference and interaural intensity difference, (2) the resolution of each speakers direction by multimodal integration of audition, vision and motion with canceling inevitable motor noises in motion in case of an unseen or silent speaker, and (3) the distributed implementation to three PCs connected by TCP/IP network to attain real-time processing. As a result, we attain robust real-time speaker tracking with 200 ms delay in a non-anechoic room, even when multiple speakers exist and the tracking person is visually occluded. In addition, the feasibility of social interaction is shown through application of our technique to a receptionist robot and a companion robot at a party.
Contrasting responses within a single neuron class enable sex- specific attraction in C. elegans (2016)

Animals find mates and food, and avoid predators by navigating to regions within a favorable range of available sensory cues. How are these ranges set and recognized? Here we show that male C. elegans exhibit strong concentration preferences for sex- specific small molecule cues secreted by hermaphrodites, and that these preferences emerge from the collective dynamics of a single male-specific class of neurons, the CEMs. Within a single worm, CEM responses are dissimilar, not determined by anatomical classification and can be excitatory or inhibitory. Response kinetics vary by concentration, suggesting a mechanism for establishing preferences. CEM responses are enhanced in the absence of synaptic transmission, and worms with only one intact CEM show non-preferential attraction to all concentrations of ascaroside for which CEM is the primary sensor, suggesting that synaptic modulation of CEM responses is necessary for establishing preferences. A heterogeneous concentration-dependent sensory representation thus appears to allow a single neural class to set behavioral preferences and recognize ranges of sensory cues.
De l'oeil élémentaire à l'oeil composé artificiel : application à la stabilisation visuelle en vol stationnaire (2013)

La strategie de l'equipe biorobotique est de s'inspirer de decouvertes faites en biologie chez l'insecte aile dont la vision est adaptee a la navigation autonome dans un environnement 3D inconnu. Cette inspiration donne naissance la realisation de capteurs visuels minimalistes permettant de rendre autonomes des robots volants, pour des tâches complexes telles que : le decollage et l'atterrissage automatiques, l'evitement d'obstacles et, dans le cas de cette these, le vol stationnaire.Cette these presente la mise en œuvre des capteurs visuels minimalistes bio-inspires qui, grâce a des algorithmes de traitement que nous avons realises, sont capables de localiser la position d'objets visuels en tirant partie de proprietes souvent bannies en optique : un flou, obtenu par defocalisation, associe a un micro-mouvement retinien actif. Nous montrons que la precision en localisation ainsi obtenue est considerablement amelioree par rapport a la resolution statique definie par l'echantillonnage spatial : ces capteurs optiques bio-inspires sont donc dotes d'hyperacuite.Cette these presente aussi l'œil compose artificiel miniature CurvACE (de 2,2cm3 pour 1,75g) dote d'une vision panoramique (180x60°). Cette these decrit la caracterisation et la mise en œuvre du capteur CurvACE sur le robot HyperRob. En fusionnant les mesures de position donnees par une quarantaine de pixels couvrant un grand champ visuel, l'œil CurvACE mesure sa position par rapport a un environnement visuel texture complexe. Nous montrons aussi que le robot volant HyperRob, attache au bout d'un bras, stabilise son roulis et sa position, dans le plan azimutal, grâce a son œil compose artificiel dote d'hyperacuite.
Nanosilica-based Conformance Gels (2015)

Abstract Conformance gels based on nanosilicas are used as environmentally acceptable materials for plugging and sealing water- or gas-producing zones and controlling water production. Because of the lower pH(compared to sodium silicate solutions) of these solutions, they are environmentally acceptable in the North Sea area. The gelling agents required to activate the materials to produce gels are typically common salts, such as sodium chloride and potassium chloride. The reduced environmental impact of nanosilica has led to its commercial success in the North Sea. At temperatures greater than 80°F, the gel time of nanosilica can be controlled to desirable values by adjusting concentrations of the gelation agents. The nanosilicas that are currently used in the oilfield, however, are not suitable for low-temperature applications (e.g., below 80°F) because of extremely long gel times. This paper describes a new nanosilica system that demonstrates non-spherical-shaped nanosilica particle assemblies, such as rod-like and string-of-pearl geometries that display superior gelation activity in the presence of salts, exemplified by sodium chloride, compared with their spherical counterparts. These materials can gel in a reasonable time frame in the presence of an activator at temperatures as low as 50°F. A trend of increasing reactivity in nanosilicas based on their geometries is presented in this paper. In particular, nanosilicas with a high aspect ratio render stable gels in a shorter period of time than their spherical counterparts. It is proposed that the aspect ratio could enable formation of a networked superstructure of silica at lower concentrations than required for a networked structure of nanosilica spheres of similar diameter.
Towards Cost-efficient Reliable Vehicle-MEC Connectivity for B5G Mobile Networks: Challenges and Future Directions (2021)

Reliable connectivity between vehicle and mobile edge computing (MEC) server is paramount to exchange the information in time and without loss. Reliable vehicle-MEC communication is supported by different mechanisms of 3GPP 5G mobile networks, however, they are often inefficient in keeping the balance between reliability of the connection and the associated operational service costs of mobile operators, such as resource usage and signaling load, to provide the desired reliability. In this respect, we identify the challenges that need to be overcome to maintain cost-efficient reliable connection between vehicle and MEC server. We propose the usage of distributed intelligence to address the challenges and analyze the categories of distributed machine learning from the perspective of solving the challenges.
Abstract B37: Mesothelin-targeted immunotoxin RG7787 (LMB-100) preferentially depletes secreted proteins and short-lived intracellular proteins to augment tumor cell killing by taxanes (2016)

Abstract Mesothelin (MSLN) is a cell surface antigen expressed by a number of solid tumors including most pancreatic adenocarcinomas. RG7787 is a MSLN-targeted immunotoxin that is entering clinical testing for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. RG7787 binds to MSLN on the cancer cell surface through a high affinity Fab and delivers a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) payload into the cell cytosol. PE induces apoptosis by catalyzing the irreversible modification and inactivation of elongation factor-2 (EF-2), halting protein synthesis. This is a novel mechanism of action which produces synergistic tumor killing in combination with nab-paclitaxel in preclinical mouse models and in cell culture. Our goal is to understand the mechanism of this interaction. We have previously demonstrated that taxane does not increase delivery of RG7787 to tumors grown in mice and that taxane does not augment protein synthesis inhibition caused by RG7787. We hypothesized that RG7787 should deplete levels of secreted proteins and short-lived intracellular proteins and that insufficiencies of these factors may enhance taxane-mediated killing. To examine the effect of RG7787 on the pancreatic cancer secretome, we treated pancreatic cancer cells grown in culture or mice bearing tumor xenografts with RG7787 and used ELISA to examine levels of secreted proteins in conditioned medium and interstitial tumor fluid. We found that RG7787 treatment causes dose-dependent decreases in secreted proteins even at non-lethal doses. To demonstrate proof of principle that short-lived proteins are preferentially depleted, we created a reporter cell line co-expressing both GFP and a destabilized fluorescent Cherry protein (Cherry-PEST). We found that treatment with RG7787 reduced the levels of Cherry-PEST but not GFP in a dose-dependent fashion confirming our hypothesis. Consistent with this, we found that levels of the short-lived Bcl-2 family survival factor Mcl-1 are reduced in cells treated with the combination of RG7787 and taxane compared to taxane treatment alone. We conclude that RG7787 depletion of Mcl-1 primes cells for killing by taxane. We are now testing the combination of RG7787 (LMB-100) with nab-paclitaxel in a Phase IB/II trial for patients with pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Christine Alewine, Rebekah Landsman, Michael Rudloff, Emily Kolyvas, Jinqiu Chen, Ira Pastan.{Authors}. Mesothelin-targeted immunotoxin RG7787 (LMB-100) preferentially depletes secreted proteins and short-lived intracellular proteins to augment tumor cell killing by taxanes. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr B37.
<title>High-performance epoxy casting resins for SMD-LED packaging</title> (2000)

In order to come up with high volume SMD-LED production encompassing 1.9 billion devices for current fiscal year we did basic exploratory work to establish structure-processing- property relations for robust epoxy casting resin packages with identical ppm level of one. Bisphenol A-based epoxy casting resins (DGEBA) with acidic ester modified Hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HHPA) hardeners using strictly controlled high-grade raw materials were formulated and thermally transferred to highly transparent polyester networks. For 1 mm thick samples transparency in the 400 to 800 nm region is above 90%. Thermal aging tests for 6 weeks at 120 degrees Celsius reveal only slight discoloration with a color distance of 2. To avoid significant light losses within the LED operating life of 100,000 hrs stress on mechanically sensitive light-emitting chips was reduced by matching glass transition temperature Tg and E-modulus to 115 degrees Celsius and 2,800 MPa, respectively. Total chloride content below 1,000 ppm imply low corrosion potential. Further, resin composition, epoxy-hardener mixing ratio as well as curing profile were adapted to materialize fast curing for demand quantities while introducing effective low stress moieties in the final structure. Low internal stress, superior thermal shock and crack resistance were derived from supreme fracture toughness: K<SUB>IC</SUB> and G<SUB>IC</SUB> values were 1.350 MPam<SUP>1/2</SUP> and 560 J/m<SUP>2</SUP>. With favorable water absorption behavior LED-packages withstand all soldering processes including TTW (through the wave) soldering. Thus, SMD-LEDs fulfill electronic industry standard JEDEC LEVEL 2.
Disodium lauriminodipropionate tocopheryl phosphates: A potent new anti-inflammatory (2003)

Disodium lauriuminodipropionate locopheryl phosphates the two main complexes in a new derivative of vitamin E. /provide cubanced stability and greater efficacy as an anti-inflammatory, as demonstrated in results reported here.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Soluble CD200 Is Critical to Engraft Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells in Immunocompromised Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 137K, Engraftment of human CLL and T cells in murine bone marrow: Engraftment of human CD45+ cells in murine bone marrow (left column) at day 70 (Sp6) . Within the CD45+ population, the distribution of CD19+CD5+ CLL cells and T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) are shown in the middle and right column, respectively. CD19, CD5, CD5, and CD8 staining on engrafted cells is compared to that of the original cells used for engraftment from Sp6 (upper panel). FACS data from two representative animals are shown&lt;/p&gt;