gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Power Generation for mm-Wave 5G Power Amplifiers in Deep Submicrometer Planar and FinFET Bulk CMOS (2020)

A review is presented of the key techniques for high-power, high-efficiency millimeter-Wave (mm-Wave) 5G power amplifier (PA) design in deep submicrometer planar and FinFET bulk CMOS processes. The work utilizes a distributed unit cell-based layout technique for neutralized differential pairs and stacking transistors in bulk CMOS. This article also proposes a prediction of saturated output power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> ) and its corresponding maximized power-added efficiency (PAE) at 39 GHz for three candidate power combined architectures of three-stage PAs with two supporting prototype PAs fabricated in 16-nm FinFET and 28-nm planar bulk CMOS processes. The single-stage two-stack 16-nm FinFET PA generates a P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> of 18.3 dBm from a 1.8-V supply at 39 GHz with a drain efficiency (DE) of 35.5%. The three-stage 28-nm PA incorporates a two-stack output stage with a balanced and compact 4-to-1 series-parallel combiner and achieves a P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</sub> of 26 dBm using a 2.2-V supply, PAE of 26.6%, and high average power measurements with single-carrier and 5G new radio orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing modulations with competitive efficiencies. Long-term reliability measurements are performed using aging acceleration techniques to demonstrate the robustness of both prototypes. The competitive power and efficiency results, supported with reliability measurements, show that bulk CMOS can achieve performance comparable to SOI CMOS for generating high power at mm-Wave frequencies.
Data from Pomalidomide Alters Pancreatic Macrophage Populations to Generate an Immune-Responsive Environment at Precancerous and Cancerous Lesions (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;During development of pancreatic cancer, alternatively activated macrophages contribute to fibrogenesis, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesion growth, and generation of an immunosuppressive environment. Here, we show that the immunomodulatory agent pomalidomide depletes pancreatic lesion areas of alternatively activated macrophage populations. Pomalidomide treatment resulted in downregulation of interferon regulatory factor 4, a transcription factor for M2 macrophage polarization. Pomalidomide-induced absence of alternatively activated macrophages led to a decrease in fibrosis at PanIN lesions and in syngeneic tumors; this was due to generation of an inflammatory, immune-responsive environment with increased expression of IL1α and presence of activated (IFNγ-positive) CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell populations. Our results indicate that pomalidomide could be used to decrease fibrogenesis in pancreatic cancer and may be ideal as a combination treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs or other immunotherapies.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;These findings reveal new insights into how macrophage populations within the pancreatic cancer microenvironment can be modulated, providing the means to turn the microenvironment from immunosuppressive to immune-responsive.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Efficient oral vaccination by bioengineering virus-like particles with protozoan surface proteins (2019)

Intestinal and free-living protozoa, such as Giardia lamblia, express a dense coat of variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs) on trophozoites that protects the parasite inside the host's intestine. Here we show that VSPs not only are resistant to proteolytic digestion and extreme pH and temperatures but also stimulate host innate immune responses in a TLR-4 dependent manner. We show that these properties can be exploited to both protect and adjuvant vaccine antigens for oral administration. Chimeric Virus-like Particles (VLPs) decorated with VSPs and expressing model surface antigens, such as influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), are protected from degradation and activate antigen presenting cells in vitro. Orally administered VSP-pseudotyped VLPs, but not plain VLPs, generate robust immune responses that protect mice from influenza infection and HA-expressing tumors. This versatile vaccine platform has the attributes to meet the ultimate challenge of generating safe, stable and efficient oral vaccines.
First Demonstration of Uncoupled 4-Core Multicore Fiber in a Submarine Cable Prototype with Integrated Multicore EDFA (2022)

We demonstrate the first 15.2 km prototype of submarine cable with 4-core MCF. Cabled MCF changes are negligible. We confirmed MC-EDFA integration to the cable improves Q-value by 0.6 dB through real-time 5,350 km transmission.
Highly stretchable hydrogels from complex coacervation of natural polyelectrolytes (2017)

The controlled complex coacervation of oppositely charged hyaluronic acid (M<sub>w</sub> ≈ 800-1000 kg mol<sup>-1</sup>) and chitosan (M<sub>w</sub> ≈ 160 kg mol<sup>-1</sup>, degree of acetylation = 15%) led to hydrogels with controllable properties in terms of elasticity and strength. In this work, we performed desalting by dialysis of high ionic strength solutions of mixed polyelectrolytes and showed that the control of the pH during the polyelectrolyte assembly greatly impacts the mechanical properties of the hydrogel. First, for pHs from 5.5 to 7.5, a slight coacervation was observed due to low chitosan protonation and poor polyelectrolyte associations. Then, for pHs from 3.0 to 5.5, coacervation and syneresis led to free-standing and easy to handle hydrogels. Finally, for pHs from 2.0 to 3.0 (close to the pK<sub>a</sub> of the hyaluronic acid), we observed the unusual stretchability of these hydrogels that could arise from the pre-folding of hyaluronic acid chains while physical crosslinking was achieved by hyaluronic acid/chitosan polyelectrolyte complexation.
Growth and electrochemical properties of Li–Ni–Co–Al oxide films (2007)

Li Ni 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 films were grown by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) in the temperature (Ts) range of 30–500°C and oxygen partial pressure (pO2) maintained in the range of 50–150mTorr. The grown films were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), and electrochemical measurements in order to understand their growth behavior, surface morphology, local chemical structure, and electrochemical properties. XRD, RS, and SEM measurements indicate that the growth and microstructure of PLD LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 films are highly sensitive to the deposition temperature and reactive atmosphere during laser ablation. The fabrication conditions were optimized to produce device quality LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 films for electrochemical applications. The charge-discharge profiles of cells using the PLD grown Li(Ni,Co,Al)O2 films as electrodes demonstrate their applicability in microbatteries. A stable capacity of 98μAh∕cm2μm was obtained in the potential range of 4.2–2.5V for LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 films grown at 450°C.
Light‐activated sealing of skin wounds (2014)

These results suggest that in lightly pigmented skin the PTB treatment time can be shortened without compromising the bonding strength. Sealing incisions using PTB in moderately and highly pigmented skin will require a careful balance of irradiance and cooling.
Inherited Disorders of Brain Iron Homeostasis (2009)

• Iron is indispensable for oxidation–reduction catalysis and bioenergetics but, unless appropriately handled, may generate highly toxic reactive oxygen species. • Organisms are endowed with a panoply of proteins that mediate acquisition, export, transport and storage of the transition metal, and mechanisms that maintain the intracellular labile iron pool at physiological levels. • In humans and other organisms, inherited or acquired disruption of these highly coordinated pathways may promote illness as a consequence of tissue iron deficiency or overload. • A number of hereditary conditions perturb iron homeostasis and promote pathological deposition of the metal predominantly or exclusively within the central nervous system. • Hereditary disorders of brain iron overload include aceruloplasminemia, neuroferritinopathy, Friedreich’s ataxia, pantothenate kinase-2-associated neurodegeneration, and possibly X-linked sideroblastic anemia with ataxia in humans, and iron-regulatory protein-2 (IRP2) deficiency in mice. • Gene mutations responsible for hemochromatosis, a genetic disorder of systemic iron homeostasis, may be risk factors or modulators of common degenerative (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) and vascular (ischemic stroke) CNS disorders.
A feasibility study to estimate optimal rigid‐body registration using combinatorial rigid registration optimization (CORRO) (2020)

We have developed a methodology called CORRO that allows us to estimate optimal alignment for rigid-registration of clinical image pairs using a large set landmark point. The results for the rigid-body registration have been shown to be comparable to results from commercially available algorithms for all six cases. CORRO can serve as an excellent tool that can be used to test and validate rigid registration algorithms.
A SQUID biomagnetometer system for measurement of spinal cord evoked magnetic fields (2001)

We developed a 24-channel superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) biomagnetometer system for the measurement of the evoked magnetic field from stimulated spinal cords. The system uses composite LTc SQUID gradiometers and can observe the three-dimensional components of the magnetic field. With the system, we could successfully record the evoked magnetic fields corresponding to neuronal signals transmitting in the spinal cord of a cat.
Water-soluble sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole) catalysts as functional biomimics of cellulases (2016)

A new polymer acid catalyst, sulfonated hyperbranched poly(arylene oxindole), 5-OH-SHPAO, was prepared for selective cellulose hydrolysis. Its superior catalysis, showing high glucose selectivity at almost full cellulose conversion, is attributed to the presence of an hydroxyl group next to the sulfonic acid, therefore mimicking the separate acid-base pair in the cellulase active site.
B7-1 IS THE DOMINANT LIGAND FOR CTLA-4 DOWN REGULATION OF ALLOIMMUNE RESPONSES IN VIVO. (2000)

Yamada, Akira1; Kishimoto, Koji2; Anosova, Natalie G.3; Mandelbrot, Didier A.4; Dong, Victor M.2; Sho, Masayuki2; Benichou, Gilles3; Peach, Robert5; Auchincloss, Hugh Jr.1; Sayegh, Mohamed H.2 Author Information
Different thermodynamic signatures for DNA minor groove binding with changes in salt concentration and temperature (2013)

The effects of salt concentration and temperature on the thermodynamics of DNA minor groove binding have quite different signatures: binding enthalpy is salt concentration independent but temperature dependent. Conversely, binding free energy is salt dependent but essentially temperature independent through enthalpy-entropy compensation.
Occlusion detection in multi-baseline stereo (2003)

Identifying occlusion is a challenging problem for general stereo algorithms. There have been some efforts to detect occlusion regions. In these approaches, occlusion detection is either implicitly incorporated into the matching process or is invoked as a post processing step after initial disparity estimation. However, the conventional methods of treating occlusion have limitations in that they do not explicitly find evidence of occlusion. As a result, occlusion boundaries are often poorly localized. This in turn, results in blurred disparity estimates around depth discontinuities, which obscures important information such as object boundaries. We propose a novel method to detect occlusions and occluding contours. Instead of inferring occlusion from disparity estimates, we try to explicitly find occlusions from confirming evidence. We use the fact that occlusions generate photometric inconsistencies and we search for decorrelations in the disparity space image. We present an analysis of the structure of the disparity space image which utilizes its duality with the epipolar plane image. Our occlusion analysis also allows us to eliminate incorrect matches by exploiting the structure of these disparity space images. From the detected occlusion regions, we extract occluding contours which are aligned with the edges of foreground objects. In this thesis, we also describe how the sparse disparity and discontinuity estimates produced by the proposed method can be used to accurately reconstruct a dense disparity map.
Single-cell bacterial transcription measurements reveal the importance of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) hotspots in ocean sulfur cycling (2020)

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is a pivotal compound in marine biogeochemical cycles and a key chemical currency in microbial interactions. Marine bacteria transform DMSP via two competing pathways with considerably different biogeochemical implications: demethylation channels sulfur into the microbial food web, whereas cleavage releases sulfur into the atmosphere. Here, we present single-cell measurements of the expression of these two pathways using engineered fluorescent reporter strains of Ruegeria pomeroyi DSS-3, and find that external DMSP concentration dictates the relative expression of the two pathways. DMSP induces an upregulation of both pathways, but only at high concentrations (>1 μM for demethylation; >35 nM for cleavage), characteristic of microscale hotspots such as the vicinity of phytoplankton cells. Co-incubations between DMSP-producing microalgae and bacteria revealed an increase in cleavage pathway expression close to the microalgae's surface. These results indicate that bacterial utilization of microscale DMSP hotspots is an important determinant of the fate of sulfur in the ocean.
Targeted Malleability: Homomorphic Encryption for Restricted Computations. (2011)

We put forward the notion of targeted malleability: given a homomorphic encryption scheme, in various scenarios we would like to restrict the homomorphic computations one can perform on encrypted data. We introduce a precise framework, generalizing the foundational notion of non-malleability introduced by Dolev, Dwork, and Naor (SICOMP ’00), ensuring that the malleability of a scheme is targeted only at a specific set of “allowable ” functions. In this setting we are mainly interested in the efficiency of such schemes as a function of the number of repeated homomorphic operations. Whereas constructing a scheme whose ciphertext grows linearly with the number of such operations is straightforward, obtaining more realistic (or merely non-trivial) length guarantees is significantly more challenging. We present two constructions that transform any homomorphic encryption scheme into one that offers targeted malleability. Our constructions rely on standard cryptographic tools and on succinct non-interactive arguments, which are currently known to exist in the standard model based on variants of the knowledge-of-exponent assumption. The two constructions offer somewhat different efficiency guarantees, each of which may be preferable depending on the underlying building blocks. Keywords: Homomorphic encryption, Non-malleable encryption.
ChemInform Abstract: NADH Mimics for the Stereoselective Reduction of Benzoylformates to the Corresponding Mandelates (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gene expression profiling to describe and model peripheral arterial disease (2005)

Evans, David C. BS; Zakaria, Aamir MD; Gray, John L. MD; Lawson, Jeffrey H. MD, PhD Author Information
Analysis of lecithin in cosmetics by reversed-phase liquid chromatography/electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (1998)

A rapid, sensitive and selective method by reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) was employed for the determination of lecithin in a cosmetic raw material for quality control of the product formulation. The mixture of the phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositol in lecithin was separated using aqueous methanol–acetonitrile solvent with a reversed-phase LC column, and detected as forms of pseudomolecular ions. Using this LC/ESI-MS technique, simultaneous separation and detection of phospholipid classes and molecular species within each class were achieved for the first time. Additionally informative fragmentation patterns were obtained by employing LC/ESI-MS/MS in both positive and negative ionization modes to identify these fatty acid chains and polar head groups in each molecular species of the phospholipids. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Generalized Method for the Analysis of Planar Biaxial Mechanical Data Using Tethered Testing Configurations (2014)

Simulation of the mechanical behavior of soft tissues is critical for many physiological and medical device applications. Accurate mechanical test data is crucial for both obtaining the form and robust parameter determination of the constitutive model. For incompressible soft tissues that are either membranes or thin sections, planar biaxial mechanical testing configurations can provide much information about the anisotropic stress-strain behavior. However, the analysis of soft biological tissue planar biaxial mechanical test data can be complicated by in-plane shear, tissue heterogeneities, and inelastic changes in specimen geometry that commonly occur during testing. These inelastic effects, without appropriate corrections, alter the stress-traction mapping and violates equilibrium so that the stress tensor is incorrectly determined. To overcome these problems, we presented an analytical method to determine the Cauchy stress tensor from the experimentally derived tractions for tethered testing configurations. We accounted for the measured testing geometry and compensate for run-time inelastic effects by enforcing equilibrium using small rigid body rotations. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we simulated complete planar biaxial test configurations that incorporated actual device mechanisms, specimen geometry, and heterogeneous tissue fibrous structure using a finite element (FE) model. We determined that our method corrected the errors in the equilibrium of momentum and correctly estimated the Cauchy stress tensor. We also noted that since stress is applied primarily over a subregion bounded by the tethers, an adjustment to the effective specimen dimensions is required to correct the magnitude of the stresses. Simulations of various tether placements demonstrated that typical tether placements used in the current experimental setups will produce accurate stress tensor estimates. Overall, our method provides an improved and relatively straightforward method of calculating the resulting stresses for planar biaxial experiments for tethered configurations, which is especially useful for specimens that undergo large shear and exhibit substantial inelastic effects.
Enhancement human cytomegalovirus replication in a human lung fibroblast cell line by interleukin-8 (1994)

We examined the effects of interleukin-8 (IL-8) on cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication in human fibroblasts. Exposure of fibroblasts to IL-8 augmented both infectious virus production and replication of CMV, with concomitant increases in the levels of both the transcript of the CMV pp71 genome and the synthesis of the CMV late antigen. We also found that CMV selectively induced transcripts of the IL-8 type 1 receptor in fibroblasts. These results suggest that IL-8 also contributes to inflammatory diseases by enhancing CMV replication and that CMV regulates its production through induction of IL-8 receptor.
Chromosome 7 (2006)

Abstract Human chromosome 7 is a submetacentric chromosome containing 5.3% of the genome. It is characterized by T‐cell receptor and homeobox A gene clusters and contains several imprinted genes.
Design of bulk optically controlled semiconductor switches for microelectronics applications (1993)

Summary form only given. The authors describe design and implementation of a BOSS (bulk optically controlled semiconductor switch) device for microelectronic applications, such as a 10 Gbit/s self-routing optical communication network. Experience with large devices indicates that a photon flux of at least 3 /spl times/ 10/sup 24/ cm/sup -2/ s/sup -1/ is required to produce good switching performance. To achieve 10 Gbit/s data rates, the switching time between the two states of this quasi-bistable switch must be no more than 100 ps. Assuming a conservative absorption depth of about 1 mm and a 100-ps duration activating laser pulse, the energy absorbed by the switch to transition states ranges between 1 and 10 pJ. The required average laser power for a proposed 10 Gbit/s optical communications network using BOSS devices to self-route data packets, each containing 50 bits, is approximately 2 mW per network node per address bit.
Plasmon induced transparency in three dimensional metamaterial of upright magnetic meta-molecules (2012)

We demonstrate a new electromagnetic mechanism of plasmon induced transparency (PIT) in three dimensional plasmonic meta-molecules at optical frequency region. Using double electron beam exposure lithography, three erected U-shape gold nano rings are integrated in a unit cell with 600 nm periodicity both in x and y directions on a fused silica substrate. By breaking geometrical symmetry, the bright element couple to the dark elements via magnetic response resulting in a stronger and broader transparency window.
Efficiency droop in AlGaInP and GaInN light-emitting diodes (2012)

At room temperature, AlGaInP pn-junction light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emitting at 630 nm do not exhibit an efficiency droop. However, upon cooling the AlGaInP LEDs to cryogenic temperatures, they show a pronounced efficiency droop. We attribute the efficiency droop in AlGaInP LEDs to electron-drift-induced reduction in injection efficiency (i.e., carrier leakage out of the active region) mediated by the asymmetry of the pn junction, specifically the disparity between electron and hole concentrations and mobilities, with the concentration disparity exacerbated at low temperatures.
Infrared Radiation Image Sensor with Function of Vacuum Pressure Detection (2011)

We propose a new detecting method of vacuum pressure utilizing reference cells with the similar structure as pixels in the IR(infrared radiation) image sensor of which the sensitivity is greatly depended on the vacuum pressure in the sensor package. This method showed the excellent correlation between the vacuum pressure and output voltage without any additional pirani gauge requiring readout circuit which is generally utilized to detect the vacuum pressure. The proposed method is understood to realize the detection of the package vacuum pressure with detecting infrared radiation as an IR image sensor.