gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypothetical molecular interconnection between type 2 diabetes and dyslexia (2021)

The findings of this research included the interaction analysis via gene association, co-expression and protein-protein interaction. These findings clarified the interconnection between dyslexia and type 2 diabetes in molecular level and it will be the beginning of an answer regarding to the relationship between T2D and dyslexia. Finally, by improving the understanding this paper aims to open the way for the possible future approach to examine this hypothesis.
Investigations of the [2,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements of Vinylaziridines and Allylic Amines (2007)

This account summarizes our studies of [2,3]-sigma­tropic rearrangements of vinylaziridines and allylic amines. The scope and limitations of the reactions as well as our present mechanistic understanding are also discussed.
A Dual Reflector Antenna for Point-to-Point System Applications (2011)

In this paper design and realization of a dual reflector antenna for receiving internet signal in the point-to-point system is presented. Three different configurations of dual reflector antenna have been considered to obtain the antenna operating in 5.2-5.8 GHz band and having small dimensions. The results of computer simulations and measurements are shown. The design was based on electromagnetic simulations using QW-V2D package (an axisymmetrical version of finite-difference time-domain software). In measurements the method with a reference antenna was used. Additional discussion about using the main reflector of smaller diameter and decreasing spillover radiation was performed.
Preparation of Electrochemically Stable and SERS Active Silica@Gold Microshell (2013)

전극과 용액 사이 계면에서 일어나는 전기화학 반응 현상을 보다 정확하게 이해하기 위하여 전기화학 반응과정을 분광학적 방법으로 실시간으로 모니터링 할 수 있는 전극으로도 작동할 뿐만 아니라 표면증강라만산란(SERS) 활성도 강한 금 마이크로쉘을 제조하였다. 기존에 보고된 금 마이크로쉘에서 핵으로 사용한 폴리스티렌의 경우 균일성이 떨어지고 유기용매에 약하며 독성이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 폴리스티렌 보다 균일한 구조를 가지고, 유기 용매에서도 사용 가능하며 무독한 실리카 비드를 이용하여 금 마이크로쉘을 만들고 높은 SERS 신호를 낼 수 있도록 최적화시켰다. <TEX>$2{\mu}m$</TEX> 실리카 비드 표면에 서로 다른 양의 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)를 반응시켜 얻은 금 마이크로쉘에서 SERS 신호가 가장 월등히 증폭되는 조건을 비교한 결과 1% (v/v) APTES 조건에서 SERS 신호의 증폭이 가장 컸다. 표면증강라만산란 스펙트럼 및 전계방출형 주사전자현미경(FE-SEM) 이미지를 통해 금 마이크로쉘을 분석하였다. In order to monitor in situ electrochemical reaction we prepared the gold microshells on silica microspheres of <TEX>$2{\mu}m$</TEX> in diameter which were able to not only work as electrodes but also surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrates. Previously reported gold microshell using polystyrene as core material have a few serious problems, mostly coming from solubility in organic solvent, nonuniform distribution in size and toxicity of the polystyrene. Here we prepared silica core-gold microshell to obtain a strong SERS active platform benefitting from the physicochemical stability, uniformity and non-toxicity of silica. Varying the concentration of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), the surfaces of silica beads were modified and the optimal condition was determined to be 1% APTES that made the SERS activity of gold microshell strongest. The gold microshells as made were characterized by homemade Micro-Raman system spectrometer, Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope.
Integrated photonic crystal networks with coupled quantum dots (2010)

Single InAs quantum dots can be used to control the transmission function of photonic crystal cavities, as we have already shown for systems that operate both in strong and weak coupling regime. Here we present our most recent work on devices where the cavity is connected in a micron-scale optical network via multiple photonic crystal waveguides terminated with input and output optical couplers. This architecture allows for multiple signal and control beams to be coupled simultaneously in the cavity via distinct ports. The devices are equipped with two input ports where the waveguides are terminated with input grating-couplers that allow for coupling into the waveguide from an out-of-plane direction. A third waveguide coupled to the cavity is terminated with a different kind of grating out-coupler that allows for improved directional scattering of the light transmitted through the cavity. We have already shown in previous experiments with a single cavity with coupled quantum dots, that this system acts as a highly nonlinear medium that enables all optical switching at powers down to the single photon level. In our most recent experiments we take significant steps towards demonstrating that this switching can be done in integrated structures, as needed for optical signal processing devices for both classical and quantum information science.
Data from Exemestane's 17-hydroxylated metabolite exerts biological effects as an androgen (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Aromatase inhibitors (AI) are being evaluated as long-term adjuvant therapies and chemopreventives in breast cancer. However, there are concerns about bone mineral density loss in an estrogen-free environment. Unlike nonsteroidal AIs, the steroidal AI exemestane may exert beneficial effects on bone through its primary metabolite 17-hydroexemestane. We investigated 17-hydroexemestane and observed it bound estrogen receptor α (ERα) very weakly and androgen receptor (AR) strongly. Next, we evaluated 17-hydroexemestane in MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cells and attributed dependency of its effects on ER or AR using the antiestrogen fulvestrant or the antiandrogen bicalutamide. 17-Hydroexemestane induced proliferation, stimulated cell cycle progression and regulated transcription at high sub-micromolar and micromolar concentrations through ER in both cell lines, but through AR at low nanomolar concentrations selectively in T47D cells. Responses of each cell type to high and low concentrations of the non-aromatizable synthetic androgen R1881 paralleled those of 17-hydroexemestane. 17-Hydroexemestane down-regulated ERα protein levels at high concentrations in a cell type–specific manner similarly as 17β-estradiol, and increased AR protein accumulation at low concentrations in both cell types similarly as R1881. Computer docking indicated that the 17β-OH group of 17-hydroexemestane relative to the 17-keto group of exemestane contributed significantly more intermolecular interaction energy toward binding AR than ERα. Molecular modeling also indicated that 17-hydroexemestane interacted with ERα and AR through selective recognition motifs employed by 17β-estradiol and R1881, respectively. We conclude that 17-hydroexemestane exerts biological effects as an androgen. These results may have important implications for long-term maintenance of patients with AIs. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(11):2817–27]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Interference Exploitation via Symbol-Level Precoding: Overview, State-of-the-Art and Future Directions (2019)

Interference is traditionally viewed as a performance limiting factor in wireless communication systems, which is to be minimized or mitigated. Nevertheless, a recent line of work has shown that by manipulating the interfering signals such that they add up constructively at the receiver side, known interference can be made beneficial and further improve the system performance in a variety of wireless scenarios, achieved by symbol-level precoding (SLP). This paper aims to provide a tutorial on interference exploitation techniques from the perspective of precoding design in a multi-antenna wireless communication system, by beginning with the classification of constructive interference (CI) and destructive interference (DI). The definition for CI is presented and the corresponding mathematical characterization is formulated for popular modulation types, based on which optimization-based precoding techniques are discussed. In addition, the extension of CI precoding to other application scenarios as well as for hardware efficiency is also described. Proof-of-concept testbeds are demonstrated for the potential practical implementation of CI precoding, and finally a list of open problems and practical challenges are presented to inspire and motivate further research directions in this area.
The 21st Century Solar Army Center for Revolutionary Solar Photoconversion Seminar Series (2012)

Summary: The sun is a boundless source of clean energy, but it goes down every night. We and many others are trying to design solar-driven molecular machines that could be used on a global scale to store solar energy by splitting water into its elemental components, hydrogen and oxygen. Hydrogen is a clean fuel that could be used directly or combined with carbon dioxide to produce methanol, a liquid fuel.
Impact of Diverse Immune Evasion Mechanisms of Cancer Cells on T Cells Engaged by EpCAM/CD3-Bispecific Antibody Construct AMG 110 (2015)

Our data suggest that diverse mechanisms employed by cancer cells to fend off T cells cannot inactivate AMG 110-engaged T cells, and that inhibitory effects observed in vitro may be overcome by increased concentrations of the BiTE® antibody construct.
Energy Efficiency of Light Rail Versus Motor Vehicles (2010)

On the basis of various professional studies, it is widely assumed among public transport planners that electric light rail transit (LRT) provides a clean, energy-efficient form of mobility, representing a significant tool to address problems of peaking of global petroleum supplies (peak oil) and global warming and the effects of carbon (CO2) emissions. Nevertheless, critics of public transport and rail passenger services often disparage the energy efficiency of electric rail. In recent years, some critics claim that electric rail consumes, on average, more energy per passenger mile than personal automobiles and motor buses—a criticism based particularly on an assessment of the total energy losses involved in electric power generation and distribution. However, faulty assumptions and calculations may underlie such claims. Any comparison of electrically powered versus petroleum-fueled transportation modes must include equitable assumptions. This includes fully accounting for the comparative production and distribution losses associated with petroleum-fueled motor vehicle transportation, if such losses are assumed for electric propulsion. The present analysis attempts to derive such a more equitable comparison of energy consumption and carbon emissions and attempts to estimate the total production and distribution energy involved with motor fuels, as well as electric power, and provides energy comparisons of electric LRT versus motor vehicles, both as a national average and for a number of important individual transit systems, based on actual performance data. However, the authors must emphasize that there is no precise measure available of efficiency in electricity generation or of energy lost in the production, transportation, and distribution of petroleum products. In addition, only about 72% of U.S. electric power is derived from CO2-emitting sources. The remainder is derived from noncarbon-emitting sources such as hydroelectric, nuclear, geothermal, and wind power conversion. Therefore, it is useful to compare energy intensity with respect to carbon-emitting energy sources.
THz and photonics convergence for future access links (2022)

We review seamless networks consisting of THz radio and optical fiber links. Transmission distance of THz links is shorter than 1km, but is longer than typical radii of small cells for future mobile networks.
Granzyme B-induced Cell Death Involves Induction of p53 Tumor Suppressor Gene and Its Activation in Tumor Target Cells (2007)

In this study we investigated the involvement of p53 in cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL)-induced tumor target cell killing mediated by the perforin/granzymes pathway. For this purpose we used a human CTL clone (LT12) that kills its autologous melanoma target cells (T1), harboring a wild type p53. We demonstrated initially that LT12 kills its T1 target in a perforin/granzymes-dependent manner. Confocal microscopy and Western blot analysis indicated that conjugate formed between LT12 and T1 resulted in rapid cytoplasmic accumulation of p53 and its activation in T1 target cells. Cytotoxic assay using recombinant granzyme B (GrB) showed that this serine protease is the predominant factor inducing such accumulation. Furthermore, RNA interference-mediated lowering of the p53 protein in T1 cells or pifithrin-alpha-induced p53-specific inhibition activity significantly decreased CTL-induced target killing mediated by CTL or recombinant GrB. This emphasizes that p53 is an important determinant in granzyme B-induced apoptosis. Our data show furthermore that when T1 cells were treated with streptolysin-O/granzyme B, specific phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and Ser-37 residues was observed subsequent to the activation of the stress kinases ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and p38K. Treatment of T1 cells with pifithrin-alpha resulted in inhibition of p53 phosphorylation at these residues and in a significant decrease in GrB-induced apoptotic T1 cell death. Furthermore, small interference RNAs targeting p53 was also accompanied by an inhibition of streptolysin-O/granzyme B-induced apoptotic T1 cell death. The present study supports p53 induction after CTL-induced stress in target cells. These findings provide new insight into a potential role of p53 as a component involved in the dynamic regulation of the major pathway of CTL-mediated cell death and may have therapeutic implications.
De-Risking Immunotherapy: Report of a Consensus Workshop of the Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium of the Cancer Research Institute (2016)

With the recent FDA approvals of pembrolizumab and nivolumab, and a host of additional immunomodulatory agents entering clinical development each year, the field of cancer immunotherapy is changing rapidly. Strategies that can assist researchers in choosing the most promising drugs and drug combinations to move forward through clinical development are badly needed in order to reduce the likelihood of late-stage clinical trial failures. On October 5, 2014, the Cancer Immunotherapy Consortium of the Cancer Research Institute, a collaborative think tank composed of stakeholders from academia, industry, regulatory agencies, and patient interest groups, met to discuss strategies for de-risking immunotherapy development, with a focus on integrating preclinical and clinical studies, and conducting smarter early-phase trials, particularly for combination therapies. Several recommendations were made, including making better use of clinical data to inform preclinical research, obtaining adequate tissues for biomarker studies, and choosing appropriate clinical trial endpoints to identify promising drug candidates and combinations in nonrandomized early-phase trials.
Tunnel Stitching for Network Virtualization Overlay (2016)

This document describes a tunnel stitching method for delivering
network virtualization overlay traffic that traverses multiple
underlay networks.
A reflection-mode configuration for enhanced light delivery through turbidity (2012)

We propose a method based on wavefront shaping for enhancing the backscattered light detected from any location in a sample medium, using low-coherence interferometry. The lateral phase profile of the light incident upon the sample is controlled using a spatial light modulator (SLM). In this manner, we apply an orthogonal set of phase masks to the illumination (input) and measure the backscattered signal response (output). These measurements permit us to determine the linear transformation between the input complex-amplitude modulation profile and the output time-resolved signal. Thus, we can determine the appropriate SLM write pattern for maximizing the detected signal for a given optical time delay (in the sample arm). In this manuscript, we are interested in the degree to which maximizing this signal also permits us to localize the three-dimensional sample region from which the backscattered signal is derived.
On-Chip Parallel Architecture Mems FTIR Spectrometers Enabling High Spectral Resolution for Environmental Gas Analysis (2019)

Fourier transform infrared spectrometer is of great importance in field of gas sensing. Miniaturizing such spectrometers using MEMS technology opens the door for low cost and compact spectrometers. Such miniaturization helps in delivering spectrometers to end-customers opening more applications. However, scaling down the spectrometers limits its selectivity or the spectrometer resolution. For Michelson interferometers, this is due to the limited travel range of moving mirror. Mitigating such limit can be achieved using the parallel concept making use of the small size of the MEMS interferometer. Two interferometers monolithically were integrated on the same chip, while the scan range of the mirrors are complementary using the same actuator range. Gas sensing measurement was conducted to show the enhanced selectivity of such novel architecture.
Supplementary Methods and Table S1 from Mesenchymal and MAPK Expression Signatures Associate with Telomerase Promoter Mutations in Multiple Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. TERTp mutations included in this study&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Anti‐Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia Activity of Dicationic Carbazoles. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Laser based hybrid techniques for surface coating (2002)

Laser beam build-up welding gains increasing importance for the production of high-performance coatings for applications in surface treatment and remanufacturing. How-ever, the cladding rate is low and the specific running costs are comparatively high, so that potential laser applications remain undeveloped first of all for economical reasons. Against this background, innovative developments aim at combining laser build-up welding and efficient spraying, welding, and heat treating techniques. For large area claddings, laser assisted plasma spraying guarantees as a one-step coating process high deposition rates, completely dense coatings and a strong, metallurgical bonding to the substrate. Furthermore, the sequential combination of laser and plasma build up welding (PTA) is a promising variant for the production of precision parts. Here, the laser beam generates the outer contours of filigree and complex shape, and the plasma gun fills efficiently the inner volume. Finally, the combination of laser cladding and simultaneous induction heating is a solution for the production of up to 65 HRC hard and crack-free metal coatings or composite claddings containing up to 75 % car-bide particles. The welding speed reaches up to 10 m/min. Examples of application are ceramic coatings on turbine blades, nickel-base coatings on metal forming tools, and repaired tools and molds.
Supplementary Figure Legend from Inhibitor-Sensitive FGFR2 and FGFR3 Mutations in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 46K&lt;/p&gt;
Approximations and synthesis of lumped and distributed filters with arbitrary phase and delay (2002)

A method is presented to generate polynomials with phase values and delay (first derivative) specified at given frequencies. Developments are presented in the simultaneous low-pass approximation problem of amplitude, phase, and delay. The closed-form solutions (reciprocal and nonreciprocal) are expressed in terms of the arbitrary phase and delay polynomials (APD).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Chiroptical Switching Polyguanidine Synthesized by Helix-Sense-Selective Polymerization Using [(R)-3,3‘-Dibromo-2,2‘-binaphthoxy](di-tert-butoxy)titanium(IV) Catalyst (2005)

A series of chiral binaphthyl titanium alkoxide complexes were synthesized. Among them, chiral titanium complex [(R)-3,3'-dibromo-2,2'-binaphthoxy](di-tert-butoxy)titanium(IV) (R-3) exists as a crystallographic C2 dimer in the solid state but a monomer in solution at room temperature. Application of R-3 in the helix-sense-selective polymerization of achiral carbodiimide, N-(1-anthryl)-N'-octadecylcarbodiimide (1), yielded a well-defined regioregular, stereoregular poly[N-(1-anthryl)-N'-octadecylguanidine] (poly-1b) with a relatively narrow polymer dispersity index of 2.7. Full racemization of poly-1b at +80 degrees C in toluene requires more than 100 h. Interestingly, poly-1b was found to undergo fast reversible chiroptical switching at +38.5 degrees C in toluene. Furthermore, at room temperature, poly-1b shows a positively signed Cotton effect in toluene, but negative ones in THF and chloroform, respectively. The chiroptical switching takes place around the toluene content of 90% (vol) in the mixed toluene/THF solvents. This is the first example of chiroptical switching phenomenon occurring in a helical polymer possessing no chiral moieties in the polymer chains. We believe this reversible chiroptical switching phenomenon occurs by reorientation of anthracene rings relative to the chain director.
Tuning of Liver Sieve: The Interplay between Actin and Myosin Regulatory Light Chain Regulates Fenestration Size and Number in Murine Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (2022)

Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) facilitate the efficient transport of macromolecules and solutes between the blood and hepatocytes. The efficiency of this transport is realized via transcellular nanopores, called fenestrations. The mean fenestration size is 140 ± 20 nm, with the range from 50 nm to 350 nm being mostly below the limits of diffraction of visible light. The cellular mechanisms controlling fenestrations are still poorly understood. In this study, we tested a hypothesis that both Rho kinase (ROCK) and myosin light chain (MLC) kinase (MLCK)-dependent phosphorylation of MLC regulates fenestrations. We verified the hypothesis using a combination of several molecular inhibitors and by applying two high-resolution microscopy modalities: structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We demonstrated precise, dose-dependent, and reversible regulation of the mean fenestration diameter within a wide range from 120 nm to 220 nm and the fine-tuning of the porosity in a range from ~0% up to 12% using the ROCK pathway. Moreover, our findings indicate that MLCK is involved in the formation of new fenestrations-after inhibiting MLCK, closed fenestrations cannot be reopened with other agents. We, therefore, conclude that the Rho-ROCK pathway is responsible for the control of the fenestration diameter, while the inhibition of MLCK prevents the formation of new fenestrations.
Intrinsic current overshoot during thermal-runaway threshold switching events in TaOx devices (2019)

The response of a TiN/TaOx/TiN S-type threshold switching device to a rectangular source voltage pulse was simulated using an electrothermal finite element model. At the start of the pulse, the current density within the device was uniform. As the device transitioned to the steady state, the current followed the load line of the series resistor and the current density became increasingly more constricted. Unexpectedly, the temperature and current density evolution was not monotonic. At low values of the load resistor, the current density constricted more during the transition than at the steady state. The temperature at the point of maximum constriction can exceed the steady state temperature by 100 °C if the time of the threshold switching event is shorter than the thermal time constant of the device. The magnitude of the overshoot decreases with decreasing device size. The reported effect can have a significant impact on the reliability of threshold switches and the electroformation of memory devices.