gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of Data-driven Feature Selection Methods with Domain Knowledge for Diagnosis of Railway Vehicles (2017)

Railway vehicles are generally maintained preventively within certain time periods. Condition based predictive maintenance strategies have a great economic potential so that modern trains are equipped with many sensors in order to perform diagnostics and prognostics of components.Methods for fault detection need appropriate feature subsets in order to achieve small in-sample and out-sample errors. In our case the typical feature selection approach using pure data-driven methods is difficult, as the number of possible feature sets is very large. On the other hand there exists rich domain knowledge and detailed physical models of the mechanical system. The aim is to combine this knowledge with the often used mathematical methods for feature selection for improving classification of cases when a faulty damper is present. Based on the dynamic equations of motion, this paper presents heuristic feature selection via the analysis of transfer functions. We describe several wellknown methods of automated feature selection and a workflow which combines domain knowledge with automated methods. Results show that it is difficult to definefeatures based only on domain-knowledge, but in combination with data-driven techniques good classification performance can be achieved.
Definition of the M-Conotoxin Superfamily:  Characterization of Novel Peptides from Molluscivorous Conus Venoms (2005)

Most of the >50,000 different pharmacologically active peptides in Conus venoms belong to a small number of gene superfamilies. In this work, the M-conotoxin superfamily is defined using both biochemical and molecular criteria. Novel excitatory peptides purified from the venoms of the molluscivorous species Conus textile and Conus marmoreus all have a characteristic pattern of Cys residues previously found in the mu-, kappaM-, and psi-conotoxins (CC-C-C-CC). The new peptides are smaller (12-19 amino acids) than the mu-, kappaM-, and psi-conotoxins (22-24 amino acids). One peptide, mr3a, was chemically synthesized in a biologically active form. Analysis of the disulfide bridges of a natural peptide tx3c from C. textile and synthetic peptide mr3a from C. marmoreus showed a novel pattern of disulfide connectivity, different from that previously established for the mu- and psi-conotoxins. Thus, these peptides belong to a new group of structurally and pharmacologically distinct conotoxins that are particularly prominent in the venoms of mollusc-hunting Conus species. Analysis of cDNA clones encoding the novel peptides as well as those encoding mu-, kappaM-, and psi-conotoxins revealed highly conserved amino acid residues in the precursor sequences; this conservation in both amino acid sequence and in the Cys pattern defines a gene superfamily, designated the M-conotoxin superfamily. The peptides characterized can be provisionally assigned to four distinct groups within the M-superfamily based on sequence similarity within and divergence between each group. A notable feature of the superfamily is that two distinct structural frameworks have been generated by changing the disulfide connectivity on an otherwise conserved Cys pattern.
Domain-specific and cell type-specific localization of two types of cell wall matrix polysaccharides in the clover root tip. (1992)

Using immunocytochemical techniques and antibodies that specifically recognize xyloglucan (anti-XG), polygalacturonic acid/rhamnogalacturonan I (anti-PGA/RG-I), and methylesterified pectins (JIM 7), we have shown that these polysaccharides are differentially synthesized and localized during cell development and differentiation in the clover root tip. In cortical cells XG epitopes are present at a threefold greater density in the newly formed cross walls than in the older longitudinal walls, and PGA/RG-I epitopes are detected solely in the expanded middle lamella of cortical cell corners, even after pretreatment of sections with pectinmethylesterase to uncover masked epitopes. These results suggest that in cortical cells XG and PGA/RG-I are differentially localized not only to particular wall domains, but also to particular cell walls. In contrast to their nonoverlapping distribution in cortical cells, XG epitopes and PGA/RG-I epitopes largely colocalize in the epidermal cell walls. The results also demonstrate that the middle lamella of the longitudinal walls shared by epidermal cells and by epidermal and cortical cells constitutes a barrier to the diffusion of cell wall and mucilage molecules. Synthesis of XG and PGA/RG-I epitope-containing polysaccharides also varies during cellular differentiation in the root cap. The differentiation of gravitropic columella cells into mucilage-secreting peripheral cells is marked by a dramatic increase in the synthesis and secretion of molecules containing XG and PGA/RG-I epitopes. In contrast, JIM 7 epitopes are present at abundant levels in columella cell walls, but are not detectable in peripheral cell walls or in secreted mucilage. There were also changes in the cisternal labeling of the Golgi stacks during cellular differentiation in the root tip. Whereas PGA/RG-I epitopes are detected primarily in cis- and medial Golgi cisternae in cortical cells (Moore, P. J., K. M. M. Swords, M. A. Lynch, and L. A. Staehelin. 1991. J. Cell Biol. 112:589-602), they are localized predominantly in the trans-Golgi cisternae and the trans-Golgi network in epidermal and peripheral root cap cells. These observations suggest that during cellular differentiation the plant Golgi apparatus can be both structurally and functionally reorganized.
Low-loss and broadband PLC-type mode (de)multiplexer for mode-division multiplexing transmission (2013)

Two types of low-loss and broadband mode (de)multiplexer based on PLC are designed and fabricated. Multiplex/demultiplex of LP01 and LP11 modes is achieved with a low loss over a wide wavelength range.
A unique type II restriction endonuclease fromAcinetobacter twoffiN (1987)

Journal Article A unique type II restriction endonuclease fromAcinetobacter twoffi N Get access Richard D. Morgan, Richard D. Morgan New England Biolabs, Inc.32 Tozer Road, Beverly, MA 01915, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael Dalton, Michael Dalton New England Biolabs, Inc.32 Tozer Road, Beverly, MA 01915, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Robert Stote Robert Stote New England Biolabs, Inc.32 Tozer Road, Beverly, MA 01915, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 15, Issue 17, 11 September 1987, Page 7201, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/15.17.7201 Published: 11 September 1987 Article history Received: 23 July 1987 Published: 11 September 1987
Blood pressure response to an angiotensin II antagonist in thyrotoxic patients with and without high blood pressure. (1980)

An angiotensin II antagonist, [sacrosine1, isoleucine8] angiotensin II, was infused into thyrotoxic patients. Blood pressure was monitored before and during the infusions to investigate whether the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system was involved in the maintenance of blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive thyrotoxic patients. Five out of 17 normotensive patients with hyperthyroidism showed more than a 10 mmHg decrease in mean blood pressure in response to the infusion (responders), while the remaining 12 patients showed no substantial change in blood pressure (non-responders). The infusion caused little change in blood pressure in 8 hyperthyroid patients with systolic hypertension. The mean levels of serum thyroxine, triiodothyronine, plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone concentration in the normotensive responders were significantly higher than the values in the normotensive non-responders. There were no significant differences in these laboratory values between the hypertensive patients and the normotensive non-responders except that serum triiodothyronine levels were significantly higher in the hypertensive patients. The present study indicates that increased activity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is involved in the maintenance of blood pressure in most normotensive patients with severe hyperthyroidism, while hypertension in patients with hyperthyroidism is not angiotensin II dependent.
Full-Resolution Two-Color Infrared Detector (2021)

We discuss thinned InAsSb resonant infrared detectors that are designed to enable high quantum efficiency by using interleaved nanoantennas to read out two wavelengths from each pixel simultaneously.
Spherical Nucleic Acids: Adding a New Dimension to Nucleic Acids and Clinical Chemistry (2017)

Featured Article: Mirkin CA, Letsinger RL, Mucic RC, Storhoff JJ. A DNA-based method for rationally assembling nanoparticles into macroscopic materials. Nature 1996;382:607–9.2

Spherical nucleic acids, or SNAs (1), were first introduced in our 1996 paper in Nature featured here. The original nanoconstructs were composed of gold nanoparticles modified with a layer of DNA at a density high enough to force the strands upright, forming a shell that adopted the spherical shape of the nanoparticle template. Since then, many other core and nucleic acid compositions have been synthesized and explored. SNAs were born from an idea I had after attending a seminar on colloidal crystallization. Researchers were exploring ways of engineering such crystals on the basis of electrostatic and simple small-molecule interactions between particles. I imagined a new type of chemistry in which the interactions between nanoparticles could be programed using sequence-specific DNA interactions—a system in which the particles could be viewed as atoms and the DNA as programmable bonds between them, offering an almost limitless number of possibilities for controlling the assembly of particles into hierarchical materials, crystals in particular. To test this concept, I asked then-Northwestern graduate students Bobby Mucic and James Storhoff to seek out Bob Letsinger, the pioneer of oligonucleotide synthesis, and learn how to make strands of DNA that could be chemically immobilized on gold. Soon after, Bobby and James synthesized two sets of gold particles, each approximately 13 nm in diameter, with DNA strands linked to their surfaces via thiol adsorption on gold; …
Data from Transcriptionally Active Androgen Receptor Splice Variants Promote Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Owing to the marked sexual dimorphism of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), sex hormone receptor signaling has been implicated in numerous aspects of liver cancer pathogenesis. We sought to reconcile the clear contribution of androgen receptor (AR) activity that has been established in preclinical models of HCC with the clinical failure of &lt;i&gt;AR&lt;/i&gt; antagonists in patients with advanced HCC by evaluating potential resistance mechanisms to AR-targeted therapy. The &lt;i&gt;AR&lt;/i&gt; locus was interrogated for resistance-causing genomic modifications using publicly available primary HCC datasets (1,019 samples). Analysis of HCC tumor and cell line RNA-seq data revealed enriched expression of constitutively active, treatment-refractory AR splice variants (AR-SV). HCC cell lines expressed C-terminal–truncated AR-SV; 28 primary HCC samples abundantly expressed AR-SV. Low molecular weight AR species were nuclear localized and constitutively active. Furthermore, AR/AR-SV signaling promoted AR-mediated HCC cell progression and conferred resistance to AR antagonists. Ligand-dependent and -independent AR signaling mediated HCC epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition by regulating the transcription factor SLUG. These data suggest that AR-SV expression in HCC drives HCC progression and resistance to traditional AR antagonists. Novel therapeutic approaches that successfully target AR-SVs may be therapeutically beneficial for HCC.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Treatment-refractory, constitutively active androgen receptor splice variants promote hepatocellular carcinoma progression by regulating the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition pathway.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Real-Time Global Illumination on GPUs (2005)

We have developed a system for computing a plausible global illumination solution for dynamic environments in real time on programmable graphics processors (GPUs). The entire algorithm runs on DirectX 9.0 compatible graphics hardware using vertex and fragment shaders, and computes a global illumination solution for reasonably complex scenes with moving objects and moving lights at frame rates of 10-40 fps. We present the salient steps of the algorithm that made this real time global illumination evaluation possible.
Monitoring Visual Evoked Response during Craniofacial Surgery (1979)

A case is presented in which intraoperative visual evoked response (VER) monitoring was employed during correction of orbital hypertelorism. This procedure is noninvasive and does not interfere with the execution of the operation. The operative time is prolonged only a few minutes to record the VER. This technique is a simple and safe method for detecting intraoperative damage to the optic nerve and chiasm, and may prove useful in avoiding damage to these critical structures during craniofacial surgical procedures.
Friedreich‐like ataxia with retinitis pigmentosa caused by the His101Gln mutation of the α‐Tocopherol transfer protein gene (1997)

The alpha-tocopherol transfer protein (alpha-TTP) is a cytosolic liver protein that is presumed to function in the intracellular transport of alpha-tocopherol, the most biologically active form of vitamin E. We studied 4 unrelated patients with autosomal recessive Friedreich-like ataxia who had isolated vitamin E deficiency. A point mutation was identified in all of them at position 101 of the gene for alpha-TTP, where histidine (CAT) was replaced with glutamine (CAG). Three of the 4 patients developed retinitis pigmentosa subsequent to the onset of ataxia. Neurological symptoms included ataxia, dysarthria, hyporeflexia, and decreased proprioceptive and vibratory sensations. Electrophysiological and pathological examinations showed that the cardinal sites affected were the central axons of dorsal root ganglion cells and the retina, with minor involvement of the peripheral sensory nerve, optic nerve, and pyramidal tract. The vitamin E tolerance test performed showed that the absorption of vitamin E was normal but that its decrease from the serum was accelerated. Oral administration of vitamin E appeared to halt the progression of visual and neurological symptoms. We propose a new treatable syndrome of Friedreich-like ataxia and retinitis pigmentosa caused by a defect in the alpha-TTP gene.
Scope and relevance of a pulmonary biopharmaceutical classification system AAPS/FDA/USP Workshop March 16-17th, 2015 in Baltimore, MD (2016)

The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS), developed in the 1990s for oral immediate release drugs, is utilized by R&D scientists and regulators to streamline product development and regulatory approval timelines. This elegant, science-based approach is based on three in vitro parameters representing a combination of drug substance physicochemical and physiological properties with respect to oral administration; specifically a dose number, dissolution number, and absorption number. Interest in applying similar principles to pulmonary drug products is increasing. To date the focus has been on dissolution of drugs in the lung. A workshop co-sponsored by the AAPS, FDA, and USP was held in March 2015 in Baltimore to evaluate if a systematic framework to classify pulmonary drugs could be established, and the scope and relevance of such a classification scheme. The focus of the workshop was to address factors influencing drug delivery and action in the lungs rather than the development of a specific model or system. Presentations included: the history and evolution of the oral BCS (described as the “giBCS” by Gordon Amidon), lung physiology and the fate of inhaled drugs, regional aerosol deposition and dose, macroscopic clearance mechanisms, particle dissolution, drug permeability, absorption and their interplay with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Background discussions were followed by three separate breakout sessions each focused on the BCS concepts of dose, dissolution, and absorption numbers as they would apply to pulmonary drug delivery. The workshop concluded that a classification system, if fully developed, would be a useful tool for formulators and discovery chemists. The scope of such a system, at this point in time, would not include aspects relevant to regulatory relief. The goals of the workshop were met by identifying an opportunity to develop a model to classify pulmonary drugs based on physicochemical attributes specific to lung physiology and drug delivery.
Al-interconnect/Cu-plug structure for FeRAM multilevel interconnect (1999)

An Al-interconnect/Cu-plug structure, whereby a plug is filled by electrochemical deposition (ECD) for FeRAM interconnection, has been developed. Conventionally sputtered Al for current FeRAM devices cannot fill high aspect ratio plugs. A high aspect ratio plug can successfully be filled by ECD Cu and PZT degradation with this structure is much less than that with an Al-interconnect/W-plug structure, which has been widely adopted for DRAM and logic devices.
Antileishmanial Activity, Uptake, and Biodistribution of an Amphotericin B and Poly(α-Glutamic Acid) Complex (2013)

A noncovalent, water-soluble complex of amphotericin B (AMB) and poly(α-glutamic acid) (PGA), with AMB loadings ranging from 25 to 55% (wt/wt) using PGA with a molecular weight range of 50,000 to 70,000, was prepared as a potential new treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The AMB-PGA complex was shown to be as active as Fungizone (AMB deoxycholate) against intracellular Leishmania donovani amastigotes in differentiated THP-1 cells. The in vitro uptake of the AMB-PGA complex by differentiated THP-1 cells was similar to that of Fungizone and higher than that of AmBisome (liposomal AMB). The AMB-PGA complex also displayed a dose-response profile similar to that of AmBisome in vivo in BALB/c mice against L. donovani, with 50% effective doses (ED50s) of 0.24 ± 0.03 mg/kg of body weight for the AMB-PGA complex and 0.24 ± 0.06 mg/kg for AmBisome. A biodistribution study with mice indicated that the AMB-PGA complex cleared more rapidly from plasma than AmBisome, with a comparable low level of distribution to the kidneys.
A Multifaceted Role of Tryptophan Metabolism and Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Activity in Aspergillus fumigatus–Host Interactions (2018)

<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is the most prevalent filamentous fungal pathogen of humans, causing either severe allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis or often fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in individuals with hyper- or hypo-immune deficiencies, respectively. Disease is primarily initiated upon the inhalation of the ubiquitous airborne conidia-the initial inoculum produced by <i>A. fumigatus</i>-which are complete developmental units with an ability to exploit diverse environments, ranging from agricultural composts to animal lungs. Upon infection, conidia initially rely on their own metabolic processes for survival in the host's lungs, a nutritionally limiting environment. One such nutritional limitation is the availability of aromatic amino acids (AAAs) as animals lack the enzymes to synthesize tryptophan (Trp) and phenylalanine and only produce tyrosine from dietary phenylalanine. However, <i>A. fumigatus</i> produces all three AAAs through the shikimate-chorismate pathway, where they play a critical role in fungal growth and development and in yielding many downstream metabolites. The downstream metabolites of Trp in <i>A. fumigatus</i> include the immunomodulatory kynurenine derived from indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and toxins such as fumiquinazolines, gliotoxin, and fumitremorgins. Host IDO activity and/or host/microbe-derived kynurenines are increasingly correlated with many <i>Aspergillus</i> diseases including IPA and infections of chronic granulomatous disease patients. In this review, we will describe the potential metabolic cross talk between the host and the pathogen, specifically focusing on Trp metabolism, the implications for therapeutics, and the recent studies on the coevolution of host and microbe IDO activation in regulating inflammation, while controlling infection.
Soft Uplink Load Estimation in WCDMA (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) enhanced uplink (EUL) channel transmissions are typically scheduled to time intervals where the interference and load conditions of a cell are favorable—hence, load estimation is central for EUL performance. This paper first proves that the uplink load, which is expressed as the rise over thermal (RoT), is unobservable with any linear estimation technique using measurements in a single radio base station (RBS) of 1) received total wideband power (RTWP) and 2) cell channel powers. A soft nonlinear Bayesian load estimator is proposed to circumvent these problems. The three-stage algorithm first estimates the RTWP, as well as residual power consisting of the sum of the thermal noise floor power and the neighbor cell interference. A time-variable Kalman estimator is used for this first step. The thermal noise power is then approximated by the Bayesian conditional probability density function (pdf) of the minimum of the estimated residual power. The 1-D conditional pdf of the RoT then follows from the quotient of two pdf's—the estimated pdf of the RTWP and the estimated conditional pdf of the thermal noise power. After discretization, the optimal RoT is calculated as a conditional mean. </para>
Characterization of Chemical Sludges (1973)

Sludge solids generated from water‐treatment plants along the major midwestern rivers present a particularly difficult disposal problem. Since these waters are both hard and often very turbid, large quantities of solids are produced. In this article, chemical sludges from plants along the Missouri River were related to variations in treatment schemes and raw‐water quality.
Amplified Pressure Transducers Using SOI Sensors and SOI Electronics, Suitable for High Temperature Operation (250°C) (2011)

In an effort to improve efficiency, reliability and reduce costs, engineers are moving towards distributed control systems on trains, cars, planes and other systems in place of centralized control systems. In a distributed control system, sensors, processors and actuators are all located together at remote locations [1]. Distributed control systems require significantly less cabling which leads to weight reductions and therefore cost and energy savings. To implement distributed control, in many applications sensors and their electronics must be able to withstand higher temperatures. Kulite Semiconductor Products has therefore developed a high temperature amplifier to be coupled with high temperature pressure sensors. While the suitable sensing technologies have been under the development for some time, the development of an Application Specific Integrated circuit (ASIC) utilizing SOI technology is now introduced and optimized. This paper reports on the latest developments of the Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) piezoresistive sensors, the SOI application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and the high temperature packaging of the two together. The design of the latest miniature amplified-pressure transducers capable of operating reliably under extreme environmental conditions (in excess of 250°C and under accelerations of greater than 200g) is described in detail. The performance of such amplified pressure transducers is presented and indicates that ruggedized, piezoresistive transducers with excellent static and dynamic performance characteristics are capable of operation in extremely harsh, high temperature environments.