gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Monoglyceride Polymorphism on Cold‐Flow Properties of Biodiesel Model Fuel (2017)

Abstract The cloud point (CP) of biodiesel refers to the temperature at which crystallization begins on cooling. However, solid precipitates are often formed at a temperature higher than the CP during storage. Such precipitates are known to consist largely of monoglycerides (MGs) as intermediate compounds. MGs have high melting points, which are detrimental to the cold‐flow properties of biodiesel. MGs have several polymorphic forms, including α, β′ and β, with different melting points (α &lt; β′ &lt; β), and this fact makes the behavior of biodiesel at low temperature complicated. In this study, the precipitation behavior of MGs in biodiesel is discussed focusing on polymorphism using 1‐monopalmitin and methyl oleate mixtures as a model biodiesel fuel. The CPs measured were close to the calculated solid‐liquid equilibrium curve for α‐type 1‐monopalmitin. However, precipitates formed at temperatures higher than the CP when the mixtures were held at temperatures lower than the equilibrium curve of the β′ form. This indicates that the β′ form causes a risk of precipitation at temperatures above the CP and that the CP is not a suitable indicator of the cold‐flow properties of biodiesel.
Outer Membrane Phospholipase A Is Dimeric in Phospholipid Bilayers:  A Cross-Linking and Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Study (1999)

In the cell, the activity of outer membrane phospholipase A (OMPLA) is strictly regulated to prevent uncontrolled breakdown of the membrane lipids. Previously, it has been shown that the enzymatic activity is modulated by reversible dimerization. The current studies were carried out to define the oligomeric state of OMPLA in a membrane and to investigate the activation process. Three single-cysteine variant proteins H26C, H234C, and S144C were produced and purified to homogeneity. Using maleimido-based homo-bifunctional cross-linking reagents, H26C could be efficiently cross-linked as assessed by SDS-PAGE, whereas S144C and H234C could not be cross-linked. These data suggest that residue 26 is located close to the dimer symmetry axis. H26C was specifically labeled with 5-({[(2-iodoacetyl)amino]ethyl}amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid and N,N'-dimethyl-N-(iodoacetyl)-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1, 3-diazol-4-yl)ethylenediamine as the fluorescent energy donor and acceptor, respectively, and dimerization was investigated using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Quenching of the donor in the presence of the acceptor demonstrated the dimeric nature of OMPLA, in agreement with cross-linking data. The observed FRET effect was dependent on the cofactor calcium, and the presence of substrate, indicating the specificity of the dimerization process. The labeled protein was reconstituted in phospholipid vesicles. In bilayers, OMPLA exhibited low activity and was dimeric as assessed by FRET. Addition of detergent resulted in a 70-fold increase in activity, while the protein remained dimeric. The results are discussed in terms of the activation of dimeric OMPLA due to changes in the physical state of the bilayer which occur upon perturbation of the membrane integrity.
Online Channel-state Clustering And Multiuser Capacity Learning For Wireless Scheduling (2019)

In this paper we propose an online algorithm for clustering channel-states and learning the associated achievable multiuser rates. Our motivation stems from the complexity of multiuser scheduling. For instance, MU-MIMO scheduling involves the selection of a user subset and associated rate selection each time-slot for varying channel states (the vector of quantized channels matrices for each of the users) - a complex integer optimization problem that is different for each channel state. Instead, our algorithm clusters the collection of channel states to a much lower dimension, and for each cluster provides achievable multiuser capacity trade-offs, which can be used for user and rate selection. Our algorithm uses a bandit approach, where it learns both the unknown partitions of the channel-state space (channel-state clustering) as well as the capacity region for each cluster along a pre-specified set of directions, by observing the success/failure of the scheduling decisions (e.g. through packet loss). We propose an epoch-greedy learning algorithm that achieves a sub-linear regret, given access to a class of classifying functions over the channel-state space. Finally, we empirically validate the performance of our algorithm through simulations.
Redox-Based Resistive Switching Memories (2012)

This review covers resistive random access memories which utilize redox processes and ionic motion on the nanoscale as their storage principle (ReRAM). Generic aspects are described in order to provide the physics and chemistry background for the explanation of the microscopic switching mechanism and of the high nonlinearity in the switching kinetics. The valence change memory (VCM) effect is elaborated in more detail. As common features, ReRAM typically show very short switching times, low switching energies, and long data retention times. In addition, they offer a scalability potential down to feature sizes in the order of 5 nm and below.
Scanning Fabry-Perot filter for terahertz spectroscopy based on silicon dielectric mirrors (2007)

A scanning Fabry-Perot transmission filter composed of a pair of dielectric mirrors has been demonstrated at millimeter and sub-millimeter wavelengths. The mirrors are formed by alternating quarter-wave optical thicknesses of silicon and air in the usual Bragg configuration. Detailed theoretical considerations are presented for determining the optimum design. Characterization was performed at sub-mm wavelengths using a gas laser together with a Golay cell detector and at mm-wavelengths using a backward wave oscillator and microwave power meter. High resistivity in the silicon layers was found important for achieving high transmittance and finesse, especially at the longer wavelengths. A finesse value of 411 for a scanning Fabry-Perot cavity composed of three-period Bragg mirrors was experimentally demonstrated. Finesse values of several thousand are considered to be within reach. This suggests the possibility of a compact terahertz Fabry-Perot spectrometer that can operate in low resonance order to realize high free spectral range while simultaneously achieving a high spectral resolution. Such a device is directly suitable for airborne/satellite and man-portable sensing instrumentation.
Hierarchical Model of Reaction Rate Distributions and Effectiveness Factors in Catalyst Layers of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells (2013)

The cathode catalyst layer incurs a major proportion of the total voltage loss in a polymer electrolyte fuel cell. Objectives of the present study are to investigate how catalyst layer performance depends on electrostatic interactions between reacting protons and the charged metal phase and how these relations are affected by composition and microstructure of agglomerates as well as transport phenomena at the macro-scale. To this end, we present a hierarchical model to study structure-performance relations of cathode catalyst layers based on a refined description of the porous agglomerated morphology. The model consists of coupled relations for reactant transport, metal charging behavior, and interfacial charge transfer kinetics, considered under steady state conditions. Results of the model are evaluated by comparison with experimental data from different sources. The effectiveness factor calculated for cathode catalyst layers is 1–4% which lies in the range of experimentally found values.
The Microbiome of Catheter Collected Urine in Males with Bladder Cancer According to Disease Stage (2020)

The bladder is colonized by endogenous bacteria and microbial modifications characterize the microbiome of patients with bladder cancer. Different microbial compositions can be characterized by changing sampling strategy. These results pave the way for exploring new diagnostic and therapeutic options based on the manipulation of the bacterial community.
On Routing-Optimal Network for Multiple Unicasts (2014)

In this paper, we consider networks with multiple unicast sessions. Generally, non-linear network coding is needed to achieve the whole rate region of network coding. Yet, there exist networks for which routing is sufficient to achieve the whole rate region, and we refer to them as routing-optimal networks. We identify a class of routing-optimal networks, which we refer to as information-distributive networks, defined by three topological features. Due to these features, for each rate vector achieved by network coding, there is always a routing scheme such that it achieves the same rate vector, and the traffic transmitted through the network is exactly the information transmitted over the cut-sets between the sources and the sinks in the corresponding network coding scheme. We present more examples of information-distributive networks, including some examples from index coding and single unicast with hard deadline constraint.
The Sierpinski fractal bowtie patch: a multifracton-mode antenna (2003)

Miniature behaviour of microstrip antennas with Sierpinski bowtie geometry is investigated and the existence of fracton modes is studied. A fracton mode is a mode found at a higher frequency than the one obtained for the fundamental mode. The antenna presents as many fracton-modes as fractal iterations. These fracton modes are interesting because they provide a broadside radiation pattern with higher directivity than that obtained from the fundamental mode.
Substantial Neutralization Escape by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant BQ.1.1 (2022)

ABSTRACT Omicron BA.5 has been the globally dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and has demonstrated substantial neutralization escape compared with prior variants. Additional Omicron variants have recently emerged, including BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, and BQ.1.1, all of which have the Spike R346T mutation. In particular, BQ.1.1 has rapidly increased in frequency, and BA.5 has recently declined to less than half of viruses in the United States. Our data demonstrate that BA.2.75.2 and BQ.1.1 escape NAbs induced by infection and vaccination more effectively than BA.5. BQ.1.1 NAb titers were lower than BA.5 NAb titers by a factor of 7 in two cohorts of individuals who received the monovalent or bivalent mRNA vaccine boosters. These findings provide the immunologic context for the rapid increase in BQ.1.1 prevalence in regions where BA.5 is dominant and have implications for both vaccine immunity and natural immunity.
Open platform and open software for an Intelligent Wheelchair with autonomous navigation using sensor fusion (2016)

This paper is focused in the inclusion of open software tools and standard hardware devices into advanced mobility aids. Its urgency is due to the incorporation need of the numerous advances in mobile robotics to the area of the Assistive Technologies, and more specifically in the field of the so called Intelligent Wheelchairs (IW). In this paper we propose a common core for IWs based both on an open robotic platform and an open and a well extended software for robotics (ROS “Robotic Operating System”). Such an IW core has got a distributed architecture whose processing nodes are linked through a CAN standard bus, which connects the low level control functions based on low cost and highly portable Cortex platforms. This paper describes also the autonomous navigation algorithm developed for the Intelligent Wheelchair by using an Extended Kalman Filter. In the chosen approach the absolute position of the IW (a mobile robot) is estimated using sensor fusion which combines data from two of the sensory systems included in the described open platform: the dead-reckoning system and a visual system based on QR landmarks located on the ceiling. Within this context, the paper demonstrates the potential of the platform proposal in relation to the quick and easy incorporation of recent advances in mobile robotics.
Performance Evaluation and Equivalent Model of Silicon Interconnects for Fully-Encapsulated RF MEMS Devices (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper aims to demonstrate the utility of silicon interconnects for radio-frequency (RF) microelectromechanical system (MEMS) devices that are packaged using a wafer-scale encapsulation process. Design and fabrication steps for the packaged interconnects are described. Measurement results show that encapsulated devices can be operated at frequencies up to 6 GHz with less than 1 dB insertion loss from the through-package silicon interconnects. This paper also describes a simple and accurate lumped-element model for simulating the performance of packaged silicon interconnects. The model is verified with <emphasis emphasistype="italic">S</emphasis>-parameter measurements from 50 MHz to 6 GHz. The modeling method and extracted values are intended to aid in the design and simulation of RF MEMS devices packaged using this technology. </para>
Multiple Source Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Time of Arrival Measurement (2014)

We investigate the localization of multiple signal sources based on sensors performing time-of-arrival (TOA) measurement in wireless sensor networks. Moving beyond the widely studied single source localization problem, concurrently active multiple sources substantially complicate the problem since anchored sensor nodes are unaware of associations between measured signals and source nodes. At the same time, as the total number of possible source-measurement associations grows exponentially with the number of sensor nodes, it is inefficient to attempt conventional single-source localization algorithm for each possible association in a brute-force manner. In this work, we address this difficult problem from a joint optimization perspective. Specifically, we consider simultaneous estimation of source-measurement associations and the source locations, in addition to finding the initial signal transmission time. This joint optimization problem includes both discrete and continuous variables. We propose an efficient three-step algorithm that progressively simplifies the original problem through convex relaxation and sensible approximations. Our proposed algorithm demonstrates results comparable to a genie-aided method that utilizes known source-measurement associations.
Fractalkine Receptor Deficiency Is Associated with Early Protection but Late Worsening of Outcome following Brain Trauma in Mice (2015)

An impaired ability to regulate microglia activation by fractalkine (CX3CL1) leads to microglia chronic sub-activation. How this condition affects outcome after acute brain injury is still debated, with studies showing contrasting results depending on the timing and the brain pathology. Here, we investigated the early and delayed consequences of fractalkine receptor (CX3CR1) deletion on neurological outcome and on the phenotypical features of the myeloid cells present in the lesions of mice with traumatic brain injury (TBI). Wild type (WT) and CX3CR1(-/-) C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to sham or controlled cortical impact brain injury. Outcome was assessed at 4 days and 5 weeks after TBI by neuroscore, neuronal count, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Compared with WT mice, CX3CR1(-/-) TBI mice showed a significant reduction of sensorimotor deficits and lower cellular damage in the injured cortex 4 days post-TBI. Conversely, at 5 weeks, they showed a worsening of sensorimotor deficits and pericontusional cell death. Microglia (M) and macrophage (μ) activation and polarization were assessed by quantitative immunohistochemistry for CD11b, CD68, Ym1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-markers of M/μ activation, phagocytosis, M2, and M1 phenotypes, respectively. Morphological analysis revealed a decreased area and perimeter of CD11b(+) cells in CX3CR1(-/-) mice at 4 days post-TBI, whereas, at 5 weeks, both parameters were significantly higher, compared with WT mice. At 4 days, CX3CR1(-/-) mice showed significantly decreased CD68 and iNOS immunoreactivity, while at 5 weeks post-injury, they showed a selective increase of iNOS. Gene expression on CD11b(+) sorted cells revealed an increase of interleukin 10 and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) at 1 day and a decrease of IGF1 4 days and 5 weeks post-TBI in CX3CR1(-/-), compared with WT mice. These data show an early protection followed by a chronic exacerbation of TBI outcome in the absence of CX3CR1. Thus, longitudinal effects of myeloid cell manipulation at different stages of pathology should be investigated to understand how and when their modulation may offer therapeutic chances.
Measurement of electroweak WZ boson production and search for new physics in WZ + two jets events in pp collisions at s=13TeV (2019)

A measurement of WZ electroweak (EW) vector boson scattering is presented. The measurement is performed in the leptonic decay modes WZ , where , = e, . The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV at the LHC collected with the CMS detector and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . The WZ plus two jet production cross section is measured in fiducial regions with enhanced contributions from EW production and found to be consistent with standard model predictions. The EW WZ production in association with two jets is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 2.2 (2.5) standard deviations. Constraints on charged Higgs boson production and on anomalous quartic gauge couplings in terms of dimension-eight effective field theory operators are also presented.
LEDs using halide perovskite nanocrystal emitters (2019)

The emerging family of lead-halide perovskite (LHP) nanocrystal emitters has shown impressive achievements in solid-state light-emitting applications. With luminous efficiency comparable to that of organic light-emitting diodes, LHP light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have demonstrated a wide colour gamut with high colour purity and a widely tunable range of emissive wavelengths across the whole visible range. Herein, the understanding of LHP nanocrystals in light emission and the resulting PeLEDs are reviewed. Additionally, key features of LHP nanocrystal emitters applied in PeLEDs and guidelines towards realizing high-performance devices are discussed.
High-Dose Folic Acid Pretreatment Blunts Cardiac Dysfunction During Ischemia Coupled to Maintenance of High-Energy Phosphates and Reduces Postreperfusion Injury (2008)

FA pretreatment blunts myocardial dysfunction during ischemia and ameliorates postreperfusion injury. This is coupled to preservation of high-energy phosphates, reducing subsequent reactive oxygen species generation, eNOS-uncoupling, and postreperfusion cell death.
ChemInform Abstract: Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane as Mediator in the Radical‐Based Allylation Reactions of Allyl and 2‐Functionalized Allyl Phenyl Sulfones. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tailoring Surface Frustrated Lewis Pairs of In2O3−x(OH)y for Gas‐Phase Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 by Isomorphous Substitution of In3+ with Bi3+ (2018)

Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) created by sterically hindered Lewis acids and Lewis bases have shown their capacity for capturing and reacting with a variety of small molecules, including H<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub>, and thereby creating a new strategy for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. Here, the photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction behavior of defect-laden indium oxide (In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> (OH) <i><sub>y</sub></i> ) is greatly enhanced through isomorphous substitution of In<sup>3+</sup> with Bi<sup>3+</sup>, providing fundamental insights into the catalytically active surface FLPs (i.e., In-OH···In) and the experimentally observed "volcano" relationship between the CO production rate and Bi<sup>3+</sup> substitution level. According to density functional theory calculations at the optimal Bi<sup>3+</sup> substitution level, the 6s<sup>2</sup> electron pair of Bi<sup>3+</sup> hybridizes with the oxygen in the neighboring In-OH Lewis base site, leading to mildly increased Lewis basicity without influencing the Lewis acidity of the nearby In Lewis acid site. Meanwhile, Bi<sup>3+</sup> can act as an extra acid site, serving to maximize the heterolytic splitting of reactant H<sub>2</sub>, and results in a more hydridic hydride for more efficient CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. This study demonstrates that isomorphous substitution can effectively optimize the reactivity of surface catalytic active sites in addition to influencing optoelectronic properties, affording a better understanding of the photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction mechanism.
Human Action Recognition Based on Selected Spatio-Temporal Features via Bidirectional LSTM (2018)

Recently, many deep convolutional networks approaches have been proposed for human action recognition. The challenge is to capture complementary information from still and motion frames. In contrast to previous models, which use holistic clips to model spatial information and traditional temporal information for sequential processing, in this paper, we propose a novel framework that can select the discriminative part in the spatial dimension and enrich the modeling action of motion in the temporal dimension. We utilize part selection within clips and consider the bidirectional temporal information when modeling the temporal pattern using multiple layers of a long short-term memory framework, which can learn compositional representations in space and time. Our results are evaluated on the standard benchmarks UCF101 and HMDB51 and show that the proposed architecture achieves state-of-the-art results.
Specific inhibition of proliferation of nonmalignant rat hepatic cells by a factor from rat liver. (1980)

A simple quantitative assay based on the colony-forming ability of cells was used to investigate the effect of partially purified factors isolated from rat liver on the proliferation of nonmalignant and malignant rat liver epithelial cells in culture. Using this assay, which differentiates between the cytostatic and cytotoxic actions of the test materials, we found that the liver factors exerted a dose-dependent cytostatic inhibition of nonmalignant liver cells but had no inhibitory effect on malignant liver cells. However, the crude fractions showed a significant activation of the proliferation of one of the malignant cell lines tested. The inhibitory effect of this material was not due to arginase, thymidine, or thymidine-degrading enzymes. The respective inhibitory and activating effects exerted by very low concentration of the liver fractions could not be resolved by our separation methods. Even though the material may contain a mixture of activators and inhibitors, it is likely that the differential effect on the proliferative capacity of nonmalignant and malignant cells is due to the altered state of the malignant cells.
A STUDY ON THE PERIODICITY OF THE CHARACTERISTIC FLOW STRUCTURES AT THE SITES OF WATER ACCIDENTS (2021)

本研究では水遊び時の水難事故が多発する箇所を対象として数値解析を実施することで，流れの特徴的な構造やその周期性について検討を行った．流れの検討を実施する際には，ラジコンボートによる測深やポール式のカメラによる高所撮影などを実施し，詳細な河道の形状を取得した．平面 2 次元および 3 次元乱流モデルによる流れの数値解析を実施した結果，瀬から淵にかけての下降流，狭窄部下流の縮流，および狭窄部下流の循環流の存在が，水難事故発生個所の特徴として推測された．数値解析結果に対してスペクトル解析を実施し，それら特徴的な流れについて周期性を検討した結果，概ね局所的な地形の空間スケ ールと平均流速に規定された周期を有することが推測された．