gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling the dynamics of human hair cycles by a follicular automaton (2000)

The hair follicle cycle successively goes through the anagen, catagen, telogen, and latency phases, which correspond, respectively, to hair growth, arrest, shedding, and absence before a new anagen phase is initiated. Experimental observations collected over a period of 14 years in a group of 10 male volunteers, alopecic and nonalopecic, allowed us to determine the characteristics of scalp hair follicle cycles. On the basis of these observations, we propose a follicular automaton model to simulate the dynamics of human hair cycles. The automaton model is defined by a set of rules that govern the stochastic transitions of each follicle between the successive states anagen, telogen, and latency, and the subsequent return to anagen. The transitions occur independently for each follicle, after time intervals given stochastically by a distribution characterized by a mean and a variance. The follicular automaton model accounts both for the dynamical transitions observed in a single follicle and for the behavior of an ensemble of independently cycling follicles. Thus, the model successfully reproduces the evolution of the fractions of follicle populations in each of the three phases, which fluctuate around steady-state or slowly drifting values. We apply the follicular automaton model to the study of spatial patterns of follicular growth that result from a spatially heterogeneous distribution of parameters such as the mean duration of anagen phase. When considering that follicles die or miniaturize after going through a critical number of successive cycles, the model can reproduce the evolution to hair patterns similar to well known types of diffuse or androgenetic alopecia.
Highly Efficient Production of Synthesis Gas by Catalytic Gasification of Biomass at Low Reaction Temperature. (2002)

バイオマスから水素や合成ガスを製造するガス化プロセスは，従来非常に高温を必要としてきた．ここでは，高性能触媒と流動層反応器を用いることによって，従来と比較して圧倒的に低温である773–873K程度で高効率ガス化を実現する新しい触媒反応プロセスの開発を行った．セルロースをモデル化合物として，バッチ供給型及び連続供給型流動層反応装置を用いてガス化性能を評価した．様々な酸化物担体，酸化物担持金属触媒を用いた性能試験から，酸化セリウムに担持したロジウム触媒が他の触媒に比べて高い性能を持つことを見出した．しかし，その触媒を用いた際，経時劣化が確認された．これは，酸化セリウム担体のシンタリングによる表面積低下に起因している．また，水蒸気改質用の担持ニッケル触媒を用いた場合，比較的高い活性を示すものの，炭素析出による経時劣化が観測された．そこで，高表面積担体シリカをもちいてRh/CeO2/SiO2を調製し，性能試験を行ったところ，炭素ペースのガスへの転化率がRh/CeO2と比較して，大きく向上し，同時に安定した活性を得ることに成功した．これらと従来型ガス化を比較した場合，より低温で高い合成ガス収量を安定に与える高効率プロセスになり得ることが示された．
The Within-Group Discrimination Ability of the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Score for Men with Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer (2018)

The within-group discrimination ability of preoperative CAPRA score might help in patient counseling and selecting optimal treatments for those with IRPCa.
Elucidation of Codoping Effects on the Solubility Enhancement of Er3+ in SiO2 Glass:  Striking Difference between Al and P Codoping (2006)

The codoping effect mechanism of Al and P on the solubility enhancement of Er(3+) ion in SiO(2) glass was clarified by electron spin-echo envelope modulation spectroscopy. It turned out that doped P ions preferentially coordinate to the Er(3+) ion to form a "solvation shell structure", and the environment is similar to that in phosphate glass, while doped Al ions do not form such a selective solvation structure, taking octahedral coordination. This striking difference indicates that the primary roles of the P-doping and the Al-doping are attributed to "enthalpy of mixing" and to "entropy of mixing", respectively.
Acoustic methods of invasive species detection in agriculture shipments (2016)

Stevens Institute of Technology in cooperation with the DHS Science and Technology Directorate and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection has been investigating engineering solutions to augment the current inspection process at ports of entry in an effort to minimize the threat posed by invasive species. This paper presents the initial results of acoustic sensors application detection of rodents and small insects in grains with the goal of improving the accuracy and effectiveness of current manual inspection methods.
Inhibition of Pim1 Kinase Activation Attenuates Allergen-Induced Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Inflammation (2011)

Pim kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases whose activity can be induced by cytokines involved in allergy and asthma. These kinases play a role in cell survival and proliferation, but have not been examined, to the best of our knowledge, in the development of allergic disease. This study sought to determine the role of Pim1 kinase in the development of allergic airway responses. Mice were sensitized and challenged with antigen (primary challenge), or were sensitized, challenged, and rechallenged with allergen in a secondary model. To assess the role of Pim1 kinase, a small molecule inhibitor was administered orally after sensitization and during the challenge phase. Airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine, airway and lung inflammation, cell composition, and cytokine concentrations were assessed. Lung Pim1 kinase concentrations were increased after ovalbumin sensitization and challenge. In the primary allergen challenge model, treatment with the Pim1 kinase inhibitor after sensitization and during airway challenges prevented the development of airway hyperresponsiveness, eosinophilic airway inflammation, and goblet cell metaplasia, and increased Th2 cytokine concentrations in bronchoalveolar fluid in a dose-dependent manner. These effects were also demonstrated after a secondary allergen challenge, where lung allergic disease was established before treatment. After treatment with the inhibitor, a significant reduction was evident in the number of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and concentrations of cytokines in the airways. The inhibition of Pim1 kinase was effective in preventing the development of airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, and cytokine production in allergen-sensitized and allergen-challenged mice. These data identify the important role of Pim1 kinase in the full development of allergen-induced airway responses.
Reactivity of 4‐amino‐6,7‐diphenyl‐8H‐pyrazino[2,3‐c]‐1,2,6‐thiadiazine 2,2‐dioxide towards methylating agents (1990)

Abstract Reaction of the title compound with different methylating agents to give mono‐, di‐ and trisubstituted derivatives has been studied.
Simulation of a virtual reality tracking system (2011)

Virtual reality tracking systems are used to detect the position and orientation of a user inside spatially immersive systems. In this paper, we simulate a laser-based tracking system that was originally developed for a six-sided spatially immersive system in environments with one and five walls to evaluate its performance for other installations. As expected, the results show that performance degrades with the number of walls, but they also show that tracking with even one wall is still very feasible.
Pose Estimation of Kinematic Chain Instances via Object Coordinate Regression (2015)

Accurate pose estimation of object instances is a key aspect in many applications, including augmented reality or robotics. For example, a task of a domestic robot could be to fetch an item from an open drawer. The poses of both, the drawer and the item have to be known by the robot in order to fulfil the task. 6D pose estimation of rigid objects has been addressed with great success in recent years. In large part, this has been due to the advent of consumer-level RGB-D cameras, which provide rich, robust input data. However, the practical use of state-of-the-art pose estimation approaches is limited by the assumption that objects are rigid. In cluttered, domestic environments this assumption does often not hold. Examples are doors, many types of furniture, certain electronic devices and toys. A robot might encounter these items in any state of articulation. This work considers the task of one-shot pose estimation of articulated object instances from an RGB-D image. In particular, we address objects with the topology of a kinematic chain of any length, i.e. objects are composed of a chain of parts interconnected by joints. We restrict joints to either revolute joints with 1 DOF (degrees of freedom) rotational movement or prismatic joints with 1 DOF translational movement. This topology covers a wide range of common objects (see our dataset for examples). However, our approach can easily be expanded to any topology, and to joints with higher degrees of freedom.
Segmentation of Facial Expressions Using Semi-Definite Programming and Generalized Principal Component Analysis (2009)

In this paper, we use semi-definite programming and generalized principal component analysis (GPCA) to distinguish between two or more different facial expressions. In the first step, semi-definite programming is used to reduce the dimension of the image data and "unfold" the manifold which the data points (corresponding to facial expressions) reside on. Next, GPCA is used to fit a series of subspaces to the data points and associate each data point with a subspace. Data points that belong to the same subspace are claimed to belong to the same facial expression category. An example is provided.
The genetic causes of pituitary gigantism (2015)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Multi-photon electron emission with non-classical light (2023)

Photon number distributions from classical and non-classical light sources have been studied extensively, yet their impact on photoemission processes is largely unexplored. In this article, we present measurements of electron number-distributions from metal needle tips illuminated with ultrashort light pulses of different photon quantum statistics. By varying the photon statistics of the exciting light field between classical (Poissonian) and quantum (super-Poissonian), we demonstrate that the measured electron distributions are changed substantially. Using single-mode bright squeezed vacuum light, we measure extreme statistics events with up to 65 electrons from one light pulse at a mean of 0.27 electrons per pulse - the likelihood for such an event equals $10^{-128}$ with Poissonian statistics. Changing the number of modes of the exciting bright squeezed vacuum light, we can tailor the electron-number distribution on demand. Most importantly, our results demonstrate that the photon statistics is imprinted from the driving light to the emitted electrons, opening the door to new sensor devices and to strong-field quantum optics with quantum light.
Sol-gel process for the manufacture of high power switches (2023)

According to one embodiment, a photoconductive semiconductor switch includes a structure of nanopowder of a high band gap material, where the nanopowder is optically transparent, and where the nanopowder has a physical characteristic of formation from a sol-gel process. According to another embodiment, a method includes mixing a sol-gel precursor compound, a hydroxy benzene and an aldehyde in a solvent thereby creating a mixture, causing the mixture to gel thereby forming a wet gel, drying the wet gel to form a nanopowder, and applying a thermal treatment to form a SiC nanopowder.
Steering of the Reference Timescale for German Galileo Test Environment (2007)

The steering of timescales involves a wide range of different algorithms which each deals with different timescale aspects. For instance producing highly accurate time and frequency offset estimations for different prediction intervals or computing reasonable steering values which on the one hand hold time and frequency nearby zero and on the other hand few affect Allan Deviation. In the following, two different steering algorithms are shortly introduced: the method of the National Physical Laboratory of Israel (INPL) [1] and the Least Quadratic Gaussian Control approach [2]. In contrast to the INPL method which corresponds to a parameterized ad-hoc solution of the timescale steering problem, the LQG Control approach which uses Kalman filtered measurements and the solution of the regulator problem as steering implementation is a considerable more complex method. To come up with the answer to the question if the indeep approach of the LQC method is justified the performance of both steering techniques is tested in the situation of a simulated steering against the public frequency standard of the Physikalische Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB).
Contribución de las técnicas de medicina nuclear al diagnóstico y localización del hiperparatiroidismo (2003)

Primary hyperparathryoidism is a PTH hypersecretion caused by the parathyroid glands. In most cases (85%), the origin is to be due to the existence of a parathyroid adenoma, despite the intrinsic difficulty in being localized under certain circumstances. From some time now, we can count with the invaluable help of a nuclear medicine technique, namely the parathyroid scintigraphy with Technetium 99m-sestamibi (Tc99m-MIBI), a technique which is easy to perform, cheap and with excellent results, and which additionally can provide us with the above mentioned necessary information regarding location. We present here the case of a patient suffering from primary hyperparatyiroidism, in whom both the disease and the precise location of the hyperfunctioning tissue were identified by means of the parathyroid scintigraphy. Another nuclear medicine procedure, the one known as bone scintigraphy, also contributed meaningfully to the correct diagnosis in the same patient.
Galerkin-MoM analysis for dielectric scatters by using sinusoidal reaction technique (2002)

The Galerkin-MoM analysis was reported, where the uniform function is used as the basis and test functions, and the double volume integral was reduced to a triple integral. However, the discontinuity of the polarization current between the neighboring dielectric blocks still remains because of use of the uniform basis function. In this paper, a method using the sinusoidal functions for the basis and test functions is presented to avoid the problem of the discontinuity. The mutual impedance between the dielectric blocks is expressed as a triple integral form instead of the double volume integral. Numerical results are shown to demonstrate the accuracy and the short CPU time of the proposed procedure.
1,3,5‐Triamino‐1,3,5‐trideoxy‐cis‐inositol, a Ligand with a Remarkable Versatility for Metal Ions. Part XIII (2005)

Abstract The two neutral complexes [Re(CO) 3 (H −1 taci)] ( 1 ) and [ReO 3 (H −1 taci)] ( 2 ) (taci=1,3,5‐triamino‐1,3,5‐trideoxy‐ cis ‐inositol) were synthesized from the conventional Re I and Re VII precursors (Et 4 N) 2 [ReBr 3 (CO) 3 ] and [ReO 3 (OSnMe 3 )]. The crystal structures of 1 and 2 , which were determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis, are virtually isomorphous. Both compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnma, Z =4; 1 : a =14.806(3), b =8.466(2), c =9.781(2) Å, 2 : a =13.050(2), b =8.732(1), c =9.061(1) Å. In both complexes, the monodeprotonated H −1 taci ligand is bonded to the Re center in an N,O,N‐coordination mode. The resulting molecular C s symmetry is retained in the crystal structure and confirmed by IR spectroscopy of solid‐state samples. The observed binding mode of the ligand is discussed in terms of steric and electronic effects.
Optical coherence tomography substudy of a prospective multicentre randomised post-market trial to assess the safety and effectiveness of the Firehawk cobalt-chromium coronary stent (rapamycin target-eluting) system for the treatment of atherosclerotic lesions: TARGET All Comers (2018)

Based on OCT, the Firehawk BP-DES has a similar healing response three months after implantation compared to the DP-DES, with near complete strut coverage, moderate neointima formation and minimal strut malapposition.
Bardet–Biedl syndrome proteins are required for the localization of G protein-coupled receptors to primary cilia (2008)

Primary cilia are ubiquitous cellular appendages that provide important yet not well understood sensory and signaling functions. Ciliary dysfunction underlies numerous human genetic disorders. However, the precise defects in cilia function and the basis of disease pathophysiology remain unclear. Here, we report that the proteins disrupted in the human ciliary disorder Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) are required for the localization of G protein-coupled receptors to primary cilia on central neurons. We demonstrate a lack of ciliary localization of somatostatin receptor type 3 (Sstr3) and melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 1 (Mchr1) in neurons from mice lacking the Bbs2 or Bbs4 gene. Because Mchr1 is involved in the regulation of feeding behavior and BBS is associated with hyperphagia-induced obesity, our results suggest that altered signaling caused by mislocalization of ciliary signaling proteins underlies the BBS phenotypes. Our results also provide a potential molecular mechanism to link cilia defects with obesity.
Implementing New Non-Chromate Coatings Systems (Briefing Charts) (2011)

Abstract : NAVAIR's goal is to identify, test, validate and implement non-chromate primers and surface preparations which are as broad in capabilities and performance as current chromated primers and surface preparations. Alternatives can be implemented during design and production by OEMs and subcontractors and at Navy and contractor facilities which carry out O, I and D-level maintenance. Compliance with memos and expected DFARs contract language will increase cost of acquisition environmental and corrosion support. RDT&E needs to be prioritized and linked to Cr6+ goals.
The DTM packet service and protocol (1992)

The purpose of this document is to describe and specify the service of the DMT Packet Service (DPS) and Segmentation and Re-assembly (SAR) protocol, implementing the service. The document consists of two sections, one for the service and one for the protocol. The intent of the document is to specify, not to justify the design.
Thermal Stress Simulation Method in Substrate with Cure Shrinkage Reaction of Thermosetting Resin (2018)

Thermal warp of substrates is largely influenced by the cure shrinkage reaction of resins, as well as the mismatch in the residual copper rate of conductive layers and the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of substrate materials. In this study, the thermal warp in a substrate consisting of only resin was simulated under the manufacturing process condition of the resin substrate. As a result, the warp behavior of the resin substrate was accurately predicted.
Contributions to the Mechanism of Isobutene Polymerization. III. Effect of Branched Alkenes and Influence of Steric Factors (1967)

Abstract The effect of branched alkenes on the rate (yield) and molecular weight of polyisobutene has been investigated. Monosubstituted branched ethylenes, i.e., 3-methyl-1-butene, 3,3-dimethyl-1-butene, and 4-methyl-1-pentene, were found to be virtually inert and did not affect the polymerization of isobutene under our experimental conditions. 2,2-Disubstituted branched ethylenes, i.e., 2-methyl-1-pentene, 2-ethyl-1-hexene, 2,4,4-trimethyl-1-pentene, and 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-pentene, were rate poisons and strong transfer agents. The steric configuration of substituents in the vicinity of allylic hydrogens strongly influences the poison and transfer coefficients of these materials. These coefficients have been discussed quantitatively in terms of the allylic termination theory.
A look at emerging delivery systems for topical drug products (2011)

The introduction of new topical drugs based on new chemical entities has become a rare event. Instead, pharmaceutical companies have been focused on reformulating existing drugs resulting in an ever-growing number of topical drug products for every approved drug substance. In light of this trend, soon reformulations may not be as rewarding to their sponsors as they are today unless they offer a substantial improvement over other formulations of the same drug substance and the same indication, namely improved efficacy over existing drugs, reduced side effects, unique drug combinations, or applicability for new indications. This article reviews and compares topical drug delivery systems currently under active research that are designed to offer such advantages in the coming years. The reviewed delivery systems are: liposomes, niosomes, transferosomes, ethosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers, cyclodextrin, and sol-gel microcapsules. Among all the topical drug delivery systems currently undergoing active research, only the sol-gel microencapsulation is at clinical stages.
Pillar-beam structures prevent layered cathode materials from destructive phase transitions (2021)

Energy storage with high energy density and low cost has been the subject of a decades-long pursuit. Sodium-ion batteries are well expected because they utilize abundant resources. However, the lack of competent cathodes with both large capacities and long cycle lives prevents the commercialization of sodium-ion batteries. Conventional cathodes with hexagonal-P2-type structures suffer from structural degradations when the sodium content falls below 33%, or when the integral anions participate in gas evolution reactions. Here, we show a "pillar-beam" structure for sodium-ion battery cathodes where a few inert potassium ions uphold the layer-structured framework, while the working sodium ions could diffuse freely. The thus-created unorthodox orthogonal-P2 K<sub>0.4</sub>[Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.8</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> cathode delivers a capacity of 194 mAh/g at 0.1 C, a rate capacity of 84% at 1 C, and an 86% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 C. The addition of the potassium ions boosts simultaneously the energy density and the cycle life.
Effect of latency training on surgical performance in simulated robotic telesurgery procedures (2014)

Latency training is effective and this effect lasts at least 1 week. Latency training on a simple task may improve results in complex procedures. However, attention should be paid to avoiding carelessness due to confidence from training. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transcriptome signatures preceding the induction of anti-stalk antibodies elicited after universal influenza vaccination (2022)

A phase 1 clinical trial to test the immunogenicity of a chimeric group 1 HA (cHA) universal influenza virus vaccine targeting the conserved stalk domain of the hemagglutinin of influenza viruses was carried out. Vaccination with adjuvanted-inactivated vaccines induced high anti-stalk antibody titers. We sought to identify gene expression signatures that correlate with such induction. Messenger-RNA sequencing in whole blood was performed on the peripheral blood of 53 vaccinees. We generated longitudinal data on the peripheral blood of 53 volunteers, at early (days 3 and 7) and late (28 days) time points after priming and boosting with cHAs. Differentially expressed gene analysis showed no differences between placebo and live-attenuated vaccine groups. However, an upregulation of genes involved in innate immune responses and type I interferon signaling was found at day 3 after vaccination with inactivated adjuvanted formulations. Cell type deconvolution analysis revealed a significant enrichment for monocyte markers and different subsets of dendritic cells as mediators for optimal B cell responses and significant increase of anti-stalk antibodies in sera. A significant upregulation of immunoglobulin-related genes was only observed after administration of adjuvanted vaccines (either as primer or booster) with specific induction of anti-stalk IGVH1-69. This approach informed of specific immune signatures that correlate with robust anti-stalk antibody responses, while also helping to understand the regulation of gene expression induced by cHA proteins under different vaccine regimens.