gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P3–367: Assessment of altered blood/brain iron metabolism as a risk factor for the development of Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Iron regulatory protein–2 (IRP–2), a post–transcriptional regulator of proteins responsible for iron uptake and storage, has shown abnormal localization in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) brain. Moreover, IRP–2 knockout mice accumulate higher iron levels in certain brain regions followed by axonal degeneration. To address the role of brain/blood iron perturbation in the pathogenesis of AD two groups of elderly participants, one cognitively intact and the other mildly cognitively impaired (MCI) have been studied longitudinally for changes in level and function of IRP–2 in peripheral blood. Over the past 21 months whole blood RNA and serum samples were obtained from 28 control and 76 amnestic multiple–domain MCI participants. Quantitative Realtime PCR (QPCR) was used to investigate expression levels of IRP–2. To assess the functionality of IRP–2, the expression of three alternative splice forms of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1), one of which contains an iron response element by which IRP–2 controls its translation and two of which do not, is being evaluated. Through nested PCR and DNA sequencing we were able to identify several alternative splicing variants of IRP–2 whose function and possible correlation to AD is currently being assessed in relation to participant's clinical course. QPCR done on RNA samples of nine participants has shown a differential expression of IRP–2 between MCI and either control or progressive MCI (PMCI) patients. A larger scale study involving 20 control, 20 MCI and 13 PMCI age and gender matched participants is currently under way to confirm that finding. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the identification of IRP–2 splice variants. The significance of these in the face of AD is under current investigation. Furthermore, we were able to show expression differences of IRP–2 between MCI and either control or PMCI patients. This finding will be confirmed by a larger study to permit final conclusions as to its significance. Regarding the function of IRP–2, final experiments are currently being done to compare the ratios of DMT1–IRE to DMT1–nonIRE between different stages of cognitive impairment. This research was funded by NIH Grant #AG20948.
A nonparametric estimator for setting (2003)

Electronic auction markets collect large amounts of auction field data. This enables a structural estimation of the bid distributions and the possibility to derive optimal reserve prices. In this paper we propose a new approach to setting reserve prices. In contrast to traditional auction theory we use the buyer's risk statement for getting a winning bid as a key criterion to set an optimal reserve price. The reserve price for a given probability can then be derived from the distribution function of the observed drop-out bids. In order to get an accurate model of this function, we propose a nonparametric technique based on kernel distribution function estimators and the use of order statistics. We improve our estimatior by additional information, which can be observed about bidders and qualitative differences of goods in past auctions rounds (e.g. different delivery times). This makes the technique applicable to RFQs and multi-attribute auctions, with qualitatively differentiated offers.
L'éthique du nord sacrifie les malades du sud (2004)

Experiments using a lung performance analyser demonstrate that if a 1 m length of corrugated 22 mm diameter anaesthetic breathing how (volume 530 ml) is interposed between a lung ventilator delivering air, and the Penlon Bain-type co-axial anaesthetic circuit and valve (volume 660 ml), air-dilution of the respired gas mixture is effectively prevented under conditions likely to be used in clinical practice.
Prácticas de fundamento de ciencias de la materia: equilibrio químico. Desplazamiento del equilibrio químico por efecto del ion común. (2021)

Una reacción reversible alcanza el equilibrio químico cuando la velocidad de la reacción directa se igual a la velocidad de la reacción inversa, lo que provoca que las concentraciones de cada especie permanezcan constantes con el tiempo. En esta práctica se demostrará cómo esta posición de equilibrio puede ser modificada, entre otros parámetros, por la alteración de la concentración de una de las especies. Más concretamente, se observará cómo la adición de un ión común (una especie que ya forma parte de la reacción que está en equilibrio) desplaza el equilibrio en un sentido o en otro en función de si este ion es un reactivo o un producto. Las reacciones químicas reversibles son reacciones que se pueden dar en ambos sentidos de la ecuación química, es decir, que los reactivos reaccionan para dar productos (reacción directa), pero, a su vez, los productos también pueden reaccionar para generar reactivos (reacción inversa). Cuando la velocidad de la reacción directa se iguala a la velocidad de la reacción inversa, la reacción alcanza su posición de equilibrio y se cumple que las concentraciones de todas las especies permanecen constantes con el tiempo. Sin embargo, existen diversas formas en las que una reacción que está en equilibrio puede ser perturbada. Según la ley de Le Chatelier, “si un sistema en equilibrio es perturbado por un cambio de temperatura, presión o concentración de uno de los componentes, el sistema desplazará su posición de equilibrio de modo que se contrarreste el efecto de la perturbación”. En esta práctica se observará cómo, modificando la concentración de alguna de las especies que intervienen en una reacción que se encuentra en equilibrio, la reacción evolucionará para compensar esta modificación.
Absicherung von Produktions- und Logistikprozessen (2011)

Kurzfassung Als eine Folge der stetig wachsenden Variantenvielfalt konzentrieren sich die Unternehmen der Automobilindustrie verstärkt auf ihre Kernkompetenzen und reduzieren ihre Fertigungstiefe. Die Wertschöpfung verteilt sich auf eine zunehmende Anzahl von Verbundpartnern, welche sich in Form komplexer Lieferantennetzwerke organisieren. Auf Grund der kontinuierlichen Reduktion von Bestands- und Zeitreserven zwischen den einzelnen Unternehmen erhöht sich die Anfälligkeit von unternehmensinternen und -übergreifenden Produktions- und Logistikprozessen gegenüber unvorhergesehenen Ereignissen entlang des Wertschöpfungsnetzwerks. Durch den Einsatz einer Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)-basierten hybriden Steuerungsarchitektur kann auf Basis einer unternehmensübergreifenden Kommunikation von Objektverfolgungsdaten die Transparenz in der Lieferkette erhöht werden. Die echtzeitnahe Bereitstellung dieser Daten ermöglicht betrieblichen Planungs- und Informationssystemen, Störungen in der Lieferkette frühzeitig zu identifizieren und die Produktionsplanung zu adaptieren.
Exploiting Site−Site Interactions on Solid Support to Generate Dimeric Molecules (2001)

[structure: see text]. "Intra-site" olefin cross-metathesis on solid support leads to nearly quantitative yields of dimeric molecules.
P3‐228: Detecting amyloid‐beta oligomers in Alzheimer patient's blood using multimer detection system (2010)

The detection of the aggregated or oligomeric forms of various biomarkers in blood and CSF was suggested with possibility of providing robust diagnosis for various progressive neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Prion diseases. Multimer Detection System (MDS) was initially developed for the detection of abnormal prion proteins in blood. In this report, MDS was adapted for Alzheimer's Disease, targeting Amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers in blood and CSF. MDS was a competition assay using capturing antibodies and epitope-overlapping detection antibodies for the detection of only oligomers from monomers in any protein-misfolding diseases. Previously, MDS could differentiate recombinant Aβ peptide spiked in plasma and limited CSF samples from patients died of AD in comparison with non-AD controls. In this preliminary experiments, MDS was used to detect Aβ oligomers in blood samples from possible AD patients. MDS showed differentiation between AD and non-AD in the preliminary experiments using limited blood samples. Interestingly, CDR1 patient samples showed higher signals than CDR3 AD samples. MDS showed a possibility to differentiate Alzheimer's patients from non-AD by detecting Aβ oligomers in blood. Further investigations were warranted with larger set of well characterized samples. The goal of MDS for AD was to develop a non-invasive method for AD diagnosis, prognosis, drug developments, and drug efficacy assessment in the clinical trials.
A phase-change memory model for neuromorphic computing (2018)

Phase-change memory (PCM) is an emerging non-volatile memory technology that is based on the reversible and rapid phase transition between the amorphous and crystalline phases of certain phase-change materials. The ability to alter the conductance levels in a controllable way makes PCM devices particularly well-suited for synaptic realizations in neuromorphic computing. A key attribute that enables this application is the progressive crystallization of the phase-change material and subsequent increase in device conductance by the successive application of appropriate electrical pulses. There is significant inter- and intra-device randomness associated with this cumulative conductance evolution, and it is essential to develop a statistical model to capture this. PCM also exhibits a temporal evolution of the conductance values (drift), which could also influence applications in neuromorphic computing. In this paper, we have developed a statistical model that describes both the cumulative conductance evolution and conductance drift. This model is based on extensive characterization work on 10 000 memory devices. Finally, the model is used to simulate the supervised training of both spiking and non-spiking artificial neuronal networks.
Conditions for Electric Field Enhancement in epsilon-near-zero Slabs under TM-Polarized Oblique Incidence (2013)

Author(s): Campione, Salvatore; de Ceglia, Domenico; Vincenti, Maria A; Scalora, Michael; Capolino, Filippo; IEEE
Frequency-Selective PAPR Reduction for OFDM (2019)

In this correspondence paper, we study the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems. In conventional clipping and filtering based PAPR reduction techniques, clipping noise is allowed to spread over the whole active passband, thus degrading the transmit signal quality similarly at all active subcarriers. However, since modern radio networks support frequency multiplexing of users and services with highly different quality-of-service expectations, clipping noise from PAPR reduction should be distributed unequally over the corresponding physical resource blocks (PRBs). To facilitate this, we present an efficient PAPR reduction technique, where clipping noise can be flexibly controlled and filtered inside the transmitter passband, allowing to control the transmitted signal quality per PRB. Numerical results are provided in 5G new radio mobile network context, demonstrating the flexibility and efficiency of the proposed method.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Antitumor Agents. Part 59. Structure‐Activity Relationships for 2‐Phenylbenzimidazole‐4‐carboxamides, a New Class of “Minimal” DNA‐Intercalating Agents which May not Act via Topoisomerase II. (1990)

Abstract The diaminobenzoic acids (IV) are prepared via Curtius rearrangement of the azide (III) or via oxidation, nitration, and reductive debromination of the isatin (V).
High-Frequency Thermoacoustic Modulation Mechanisms in Swirl-Stabilized Gas Turbine Combustors: Part Two — Modeling and Analysis (2016)

This paper deals with high-frequency thermoacoustic instabilities in swirl-stabilized gas turbine combustors. Driving mechanisms associated with periodic flame displacement and flame shape deformations are theoretically discussed, and corresponding flame transfer functions are derived from first principles. These linear feedback models are then evaluated by means of a lab-scale swirl-stabilized combustor in combination with part one of this joint publication. For this purpose, the models are used to thermoacoustically characterize a complete set of operation points of a this combustor facility. Specifically, growth rates of the first transversal modes are computed, and compared against experimentally obtained pressure amplitudes as an indicator for thermoacoustic stability. The characterization is based on a hybrid analysis approach relying on a frequency domain formulation of acoustic conservation equations, in which non-uniform temperature fields and distributed thermoacoustic source terms / flame transfer functions can be straightforwardly considered. The relative contribution of flame displacement and deformation driving mechanisms — i.e. their significance with respect to the total driving — is identified. Furthermore, promoting/ inhibiting conditions for the occurrence of high frequency, transversal acoustic instabilities within swirl-stabilized gas turbine combustors are revealed.
ChemInform Abstract: DIRECT CONVERSION OF ALKENES INTO METHYL‐SUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPANES USING AN ORGANOIRON ETHYLIDENE TRANSFER REAGENT (1985)

Abstract Aus dem Phenyl‐ethyl‐sulfid (I) wird über das Chlorid (II) ein Organo‐Eisenethyliden‐Transfer‐Reagens (IV) hergestellt, das in Gegenwart von Fluorsulfonsäuremethylester oder Trimethyloxoniumfluoroborat mit Olefinen (V), (VII) und (IX) stereospezifisch zu Methylcyclopropanen reagiert.
Evolution to Mesh 5G X-Haul Networks (2020)

Development of optical x-haul networks is driven by 5G wireless radio requirements. The potential of a mesh optical x-haul architecture merging WDM-PON and DWDM-ROADM networks is examined with respect to 5G requirements in metropolitan networks.
Deployment recommendation for Distributed Acoustic Sensing at the surface (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) is an optical interferometry based ground motion sensing technology which has the potential to revolutionize the field of seismological data acquisition. It offers the possibility to replace very large numbers of cost-intensive conventional point sensors (seismometers or geophones) by interrogating a single low-cost optic-fibre cable. Being unaffected by spatial aliasing, DAS is emerging as a potential next-generation broad-band geo-hazard (e.g. earthquakes, landslides) and reservoir (e.g. geothermal, oil and gas) seismic monitoring tool.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For borehole applications, with the cable appropriately coupled with the casing, the reliability and benefit of DAS-based VSP acquisition is now widely recognized. At the surface however, for reflection seismic for example, the adequate deployment procedure is less well documented, and experiments are performed with cables sometimes directly deployed on the surface, or sometimes buried quite deep (e.g. one meter) in the ground. Especially for non-permanent monitoring, the trenching effort can be substantial or unaffordable due to logistic or permitting issues. One may wonder if such an effort with its associated cost is actually beneficial.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We present here the results of a surface-based active seismic experiment conducted in Switzerland in the context of a geothermal reservoir characterization project with &amp;amp;#8220;co-located&amp;amp;#8221; stretches of cable deployed at different depths. The repeatability of the DAS measurements is quantified and compared to a dense array of conventional multi-component geophones. The study shows that deeply (50 cm) deployed cables offers only marginal data quality improvements compared to very shallow (2 cm) cables. In contrast, the parts of the cable directly laid down at the surface exhibit much larger noise levels and very poor repeatability (approximately one order of magnitude larger NRMS). Our study suggests that only a minor amount of elastic material covering the cable is enough to provide a good coupling and that a modest machine to conveniently perform such a shallow deployment would greatly benefit the growing DAS user community.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Light-Induced Self-Written three-dimensional polymer optical waveguide for module fabrication and interconnection (2007)

Light-induced self-written (LISW) technology is a unique and simple method of forming low-loss 3-dimensional optical circuits in a photopolymer solution. By using this technology, we fabricated and tested a WDM optical module.
Can generalised relative pose estimation solve sparse 3D registration? (2019)

Popular 3D scan registration projects, such as Stanford digital Michelangelo or KinectFusion, exploit the high-resolution sensor data for scan alignment. It is particularly challenging to solve the registration of sparse 3D scans in the absence of RGB components. In this case, we can not establish point correspondences since the same 3D point cannot be captured in two successive scans. In contrast to correspondence based methods, we take a different viewpoint and formulate the sparse 3D registration problem based on the constraints from the intersection of line segments from adjacent scans. We obtain the line segments by modeling every horizontal and vertical scan-line as piece-wise linear segments. We propose a new alternating projection algorithm for solving the scan alignment problem using line intersection constraints. We develop two new minimal solvers for scan alignment in the presence of plane correspondences: 1) 3 line intersections and 1 plane correspondence, and 2) 1 line intersection and 2 plane correspondences. We outperform other competing methods on Kinect and LiDAR datasets.
Wavefront sensorless adaptive optics for large aberrations (2006)

In some adaptive optics systems the aberration is determined not by using a wavefront sensor but by sequential optimization of the adaptive correction element. Efficient schemes for the control of such systems are essential if they are to be effective. A scheme is introduced that permits the efficient measurement of large amplitude wavefront aberrations that are represented by an appropriate series of modes. This scheme uses an optimization metric based on the root-mean-square spot radius (or focal spot second moment) and an aberration expansion using polynomials suited to the representation of lateral aberrations. Experimental correction of N aberration modes is demonstrated with a minimum of N+1 photodetector measurements. The geometrical optics basis means that the scheme can be extended to arbitrarily large aberrations.
Characterization of hydrogel microstructure using laser tweezers particle tracking and confocal reflection imaging (2010)

Hydrogels are commonly used as extracellular matrix mimetics for applications in tissue engineering and increasingly as cell culture platforms with which to study the influence of biophysical and biochemical cues on cell function in 3D. In recent years, a significant number of studies have focused on linking substrate mechanical properties to cell function using standard methodologies to characterize the bulk mechanical properties of the hydrogel substrates. However, current understanding of the correlations between the microstructural mechanical properties of hydrogels and cell function in 3D is poor, in part because of a lack of appropriate techniques. Here we have utilized a laser tracking system, based on passive optical microrheology instrumentation, to characterize the microstructure of viscoelastic fibrin clots. Trajectories and mean square displacements were observed as bioinert PEGylated (PEG: polyethylene glycol) microspheres (1, 2 or 4.7 μm in diameter) diffused within confined pores created by the protein phase of fibrin hydrogels. Complementary confocal reflection imaging revealed microstructures comprised of a highly heterogeneous fibrin network with a wide range of pore sizes. As the protein concentration of fibrin gels was increased, our quantitative laser tracking measurements showed a corresponding decrease in particle mean square displacements with greater resolution and sensitivity than conventional imaging techniques. This platform-independent method will enable a more complete understanding of how changes in substrate mechanical properties simultaneously influence other microenvironmental parameters in 3D cultures.
Correlation of an &lt;i&gt;ex Vivo&lt;/i&gt; Model with Clinical Application of an Epigenetic Modifier, Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Metastasis, in Resistant Cholangiocarcinoma—A Case Study (2016)

Bile duct cancer is a rare form of cancer, with approximately 2000 new cases diagnosed in the United States each year. The prognosis of this disease is very grave, especially in the form of intrahepatic (IHCC), as there is no person with stage four who lives for 5 years, and the average prognosis is less than a year, a majority of patients die in less than 6 months despite all therapies. It is suggested that one of the key elements in the disease progression is the intratumoral hypoxia inducible factor one alfa (HIF-1a) as a regulator of malignant behavior and recently described as a new prognostic indicator of IHCC. (9, 10) HIF is a key regulator under the microenvironmental (terrain) influence, and therefore studies of the cell lines in an in vitro environment where there is no hypoxia, usually fail to translate to a clinical outcome in vivo, unless the cells are transfected by full-length HIF-1alpha (fL HIF-1alpha) and dominant-negative HIF-1alpha (dn HIF-1alpha). To overcome this barrier, an ex vivo model is designed at MD Anderson experimental therapeutics where the patient tumor sample is transferred to the mice and treated with drugs, where the tumor can cross talk with the actual terrain and mimic the human stroma where the HIF can be triggered. Results show significant tumor necrosis on the intrahepatic cholangiocacinoma, only after 5 days of exposure to an experimental compound that is known to suppress hypoxia-induced accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) through inhibiting protein synthesis. (11, 12) Further this is explored in the same actual patient with terminal diagnosis, and proves itself with promising initial response. Here, we review this method and the clinical perspectives, and suggest this method to be studied in larger trials.
Probing the Optical Response and Local Dielectric Function of an Unconventional Si@MoS2 Core–Shell Architecture (2022)

Heterostructures of optical cavities and quantum emitters have been highlighted for enhanced light-matter interactions. A silicon nanosphere, <i>core</i>, and MoS<sub>2</sub>, <i>shell</i>, structure is one such heterostructure referred to as the core@shell architecture. However, the complexity of the synthesis and inherent difficulties to locally probe this architecture have resulted in a lack of information about its localized features limiting its advances. Here, we utilize valence electron energy loss spectroscopy (VEELS) to extract spatially resolved dielectric functions of Si@MoS<sub>2</sub> with nanoscale spatial resolution corroborated with simulations. A hybrid electronic critical point is identified ∼3.8 eV for Si@MoS<sub>2</sub>. The dielectric functions at the Si/MoS<sub>2</sub> interface is further probed with a cross-sectioned core-shell to assess the contribution of each component. Various optical parameters can be defined via the dielectric function. Hence, the methodology and evolution of the dielectric function herein reported provide a platform for exploring other complex photonic nanostructures.
Listening Room Compensation for Wave Field Synthesis. What Can Be Done? (2003)

cote interne IRCAM: Corteel03a
Solution of the protein structure prediction problem at last: crucial innovations and next frontiers (2022)

The protein structure prediction problem is solved, at last, thanks in large part to the use of artificial intelligence. The structures predicted by AlphaFold and RoseTTAFold are becoming the requisite starting point for many protein scientists. New frontiers, such as the conformational sampling of intrinsically disordered proteins, are emerging.