gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting hepatocyte isolation, engraftment, and replication in an in vivo model (2010)

We congratulate Kawahara et al.1 on their excellent study published in Liver Transplantation.We read about their experiences with human hepatocyte isolation and the subsequent application of the isolated cells with keen interest. Our group also has good experience with human hepatocyte isolation.2 We have 2 points to raise with respect to this excellent study. The authors used human hepatocytes isolated from resected normal liver tissue in their study (51 cancer specimens and 39 specimens of benign etiology). Our data show that such hepatocytes differ in their response to hypoxia and hypoxia/reoxygenation in comparison with hepatocytes isolated from normal livers.2 Did the authors note any phenotypic differences between hepatocytes isolated from cancer specimens and those isolated from benign livers? Moreover, did this have a bearing on transplant success? Kawahara et al.1 stated that their initial experiences with the isolation of human hepatocytes from cirrhotic livers was poor in terms of viable cell yields and transplant success. In our laboratory, we isolate human hepatocytes from all explanted livers after transplantation (for primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, alcoholic liver cirrhosis, or metabolic liver disease), from donor livers exceeding surgical requirements, and from normal tissue obtained from hepatic resections (for metastatic disease). We do not isolate the hepatocytes of patients with a viral hepatic disease. Although we have not published our results yet, we can state that our overall success rate for attempted human hepatocyte isolation is 54%. Because we use all liver tissue that is available to us, we have viable cell yields of 20,000 to 5,000,000 cells/mL. Therefore, we suggest that cirrhotic livers could be a valuable source of human hepatocytes for experimental use. We concur with Kawahara et al. that human hepatocytes isolated from extended criteria donors are suitable for cell transplantation, but we also stress that human hepatocytes isolated from diseased livers can be a valuable source of cells for functional studies.2 We again congratulate the authors on their excellent work within this challenging area, and we hope that with continuing research in human hepatocyte isolation, clear parameters and protocols can be established so that hepatocytes can be harvested from all available livers. Ricky H. Bhogal M.R.C.S.Ed [email protected]*, Simon C. Afford Ph.D., FRCPath*, * Centre for Liver Research Institute for Biomedical Research University of Birmingham Birmingham, United Kingdom.
Impact of silicon substrates on leakage currents (1983)

Leakage currents of n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -p-diodes, made on four different groups of p-type silicon substrates, are investigated at temperatures between 50 and 120°C. At these temperatures, diffusion of thermally generated minority carriers from the bulk is the dominant leakage current mechanism and determines the holding time of dynamic memories. Measurements at these temperatures show that for Czochral-sky-grown wafers (CZ) with a high interstitial oxygen concentration as is used for intrinsic gettering, the leakage current densities are about 1O× higher than for CZ wafers with a low oxygen concentration or floating-zone wafers (FZ), and are about 100× higher than for p-p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> -epitaxial substrates. Simple analytical formulas explaining these large differences will be presented. Finally a short discussion about the optimum substrate for future high-density memories will be given.
Variable effects of human and canine polymorphonuclear leucocytes on vascular smooth muscle tone (1992)

The endothelium dependent nature of the canine neutrophil induced contraction suggests that the 5-lipoxygenase product leukotriene A4 is taken up by endothelial cells for conversion to peptido-leukotrienes. Since SOD had no effect and FPL 55,712 totally blocked the vasoconstrictor effects of canine neutrophils, it appears that the vasoconstrictor effects of the latter are mediated primarily through peptido-leukotrienes. In contrast, the vasorelaxation by human neutrophils is mediated through release of NO.
Interplay between vertical sectorization and user distribution for urban NB-IoT networks (2022)

Vertical sectorization introduces considerable gain to particular scenarios where user equipment (UE) are distributed in 3D domain, i.e. high-rise buildings, in terms of coverage and network capacity thanks to availability of active antenna systems. However, due to the huge varieties in distribution of UEs and different physical environments, presenting a comprehensive analytical framework is quite challenging. From this aspect, most available studies on vertical sectorization are limited to present only empirical results. In this paper, we introduce a novel methodology to forecast the performance of NB-IoT systems over urban scenarios. In particular, a logistic distribution-based analytical framework is exploited in order to calculate the group probabilities for each available UE. Based on these probabilities, we propose a scheduling framework with beamforming which improves physical resource block (PRB) utilization by over 50% compared to the case with no scheduling.
CZT gamma camera with pinhole collimator: Spectral measurements (2008)

To date, CZT has been investigated for a variety of nuclear imaging applications using mostly parallel hole collimators. The image quality realized has evolved to make these configurations competitive with the mature conventional configurations using scintillators such as NaI. However the full potential of CZT detectors is still evolving. In our investigations we have found that there are significant additional advantages of the combination of monolithic CZT detectors with pinhole collimators over the known advantages of CZT detectors by themselves. In particular we show here the improved energy response spectrum for a selection of common nuclear medicine isotopes. The improved energy resolution is important to quality control, image fidelity and stability, and new applications such as dual isotope imaging.
Synthesis and tissue distribution study of iodine-labeled benzyl- and xylylamines (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and tissue distribution study of iodine-labeled benzyl- and xylylaminesKenneth M. Tramposch, Hank F. Kung, and Monte BlauCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1982, 25, 7, 870–873Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00349a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00349a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views160Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Boron Chemicals in Diagnosis and Therapeutics (2013)

Advances in the field of boron chemistry have expanded the application of boron from material use to medicine. Boron-based drugs represent a new class of molecules that possess several biomedical applications including use as imaging agents for both optical and nuclear imaging as well as therapeutic agents with anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and other disease-specific activities. For example, bortezomib (Velcade(®)), the only drug in clinical use with boron as an active element, was approved in 2003 as a proteasome inhibitor for the treatment of multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Several other boron-based compounds are in various phases of clinical trials, which illustrates the promise of this approach for medicinal chemists working in the area of boron chemistry. It is expected that in the near future, several boron-containing drugs should become available in the market with better efficacy and potency than existing drugs. This article discusses the current status of the development of boron-based compounds as diagnostic and therapeutic agents in humans.
Search for $ {\text{B}}_{\text{s}}^0 $ → μ + μ − and B0 → μ + μ − decays (2012)

A bstract A search for the rare decays $ {\text{B}}_{\text{s}}^0 $ → μ + μ − and B 0 → μ + μ − is performed in pp collisions at $ \sqrt {s} = {7}\;{\text{TeV}} $ , with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5 fb −1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. In both decays, the number of events observed after all selection requirements is consistent with the expectation from background plus standard model signal predictions. The resulting upper limits on the branching fractions are $ \mathcal{B}\left( {{\text{B}}_{\text{s}}^0 \to {\mu^{ + }}{\mu^{ - }}} \right) &lt; {7}.{7} \times {1}{0^{{ - {9}}}} $ and $ \mathcal{B}\left( {{{\text{B}}^0} \to {\mu^{ + }}{\mu^{ - }}} \right) &lt; 1.8 \times {10^{{ - 9}}} $ at 95% confidence level.
Integrative Genomics Implicates Genetic Disruption of Prenatal Neurogenesis in Congenital Hydrocephalus (2020)

Panchagnula, Shreyas; Jin, Sheng C; Dong, Weilai BS; Kundishora, Adam MD; Moreno-De-Luca, Andres; Furey, Charuta G BA; Allocco, August A BS; Walker, Rebecca; Nelson-Williams, Carol; Smith, Hannah; Dunbar, Ashley; Conine, Sierra B BS; Lu, Qiongshi; Zen, Xue; Sierant, Michael; Knight, James; Sullivan, William; Phan, Duy BS; DeSpenza, Tyrone BA; Reeves, Benjamin; Karimy, Jason K MS; Marlier, Arnaud; Castaldi, Christopher; Tikhonova, Irina; Li, Boyang; Peña;, Helena; Broach, James; Kabachelor, Edith M; Ssenyonga, Peter; Hehnly, Christine; Ge, Li; Keren, Boris; Timberlake, Andrew T; Goto, June; Mangano, Francesco T DO; Johnston, James M MD; Butler, William MD; Warf, Benjamin C MD; Smith, Edward R MD; Schiff, Steven J MD, PhD; Limbrick, David D MD, PhD; Heuer, Gregory G MD, PhD; Jackson, Eric M MD; Iskandar, Bermans J MD; Mane, Shrikant; Haider, Shozeb PhD; Guclu, Bulent MD; Bayri, Yasar MD; Sahin, Yener; Duncan, Charles C MD; Apuzzo, Michael L.J MD; DiLuna, Michael L MD; Hoffman, Ellen; Sestan, Nenad; Ment, Laura; Alper, Seth; Bilguvar, Kaya; Geschwind, Daniel; Günel, Murat; Lifton, Richard P MD, PhD; Kahle, Kristopher T MD, PhD Author Information
Considering Time Correlation in the Estimation of Privacy Loss for Consumers with Smart Meters (2018)

Global electricity smart meter roll-out has brought about serious privacy risks for consumers. The masking of consumer consumption using rechargeable batteries has been studied as a means of protecting consumer privacy. One metric used to measure the effectiveness of such approaches is the empirical mutual information (MI), whose computation requires the estimation of both consumer load and grid-visible load distributions. These distributions have previously been modelled as independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.), or as stationary first-order Markov processes for simplicity. However, consumer load statistics are time-varying in nature, and have inherent intertemporal dependencies. Consequently, the empirical MI based on the stationarity assumption lacks accuracy, resulting in the risk of underestimating the information leakage. In this paper, we propose using features to characterise the change in consumer demand, modelling them as feature-dependent first-order Markov processes to better approximate the actual privacy-loss. Results indicate that this approach is more accurate than i.i.d. models, and in certain cases may be a better empirical estimate of MI compared to stationary first-order Markov models.
Combined 5‐minute double‐echo in steady‐state with separated echoes and 2‐minute proton‐density‐weighted 2D FSE sequence for comprehensive whole‐joint knee MRI assessment (2018)

2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
Scatterometry-based metrology for the 14nm node double patterning lithography (2015)

Critical dimension and overlay measurements have become a key challenge in microelectronics process control, and the weight of metrology in the success of a patterning technique is increasing. For the 14 nm node, the limit of scanner resolution can be overcome by double patterning, which requires a maximum overlay variability of 3 nm between the two reticles of the first metal level. In the double patterning case of metal layers, critical dimension of line spaces and overlay are no longer independent. In this paper, the possibility of a common measurement after the second lithography is studied. Scatterometry has been used to fit successfully the critical dimension of the two sublevels. As sensitivity to overlay is too low in device-like target, a strategy has been implemented from diffraction-based overlay measurement. So it becomes possible to provide information on the lithography step quality before the second etch process to enable rework if necessary. Finally a scatterometry target has been designed to fit simultaneously the two critical dimensions and overlay. This target, which is designed to maximize overlay sensitivity, has been placed in the next 14 nm CMOS product and is expected to make this scatterometry method even more attractive.
Draft Genome Sequence of Ralstonia sp. Strain GA3-3, Isolated from Australian Suburban Soil (2013)

Ralstonia sp. strain GA3-3 is a hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH)-degrading bacterial strain isolated from suburban soil in Canberra, Australia. The genome of strain GA3-3 was sequenced to investigate its ability to degrade α-HCH. Here, we report the annotated genome sequence of this strain.
Photoconductive Cadmium Sulfide Hemicylindrical Shell Nanowire Ensembles (2005)

We report the synthesis and characterization of hemicylindrical shell nanowires (HSNWs) composed of nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide (CdS). CdS HSNWs were synthesized by first electrodepositing microcrystalline cadmium (Cd) nanowires by electrochemical step-edge decoration on graphite electrode surfaces and then converting these Cd nanowires into CdS by exposure to H2S at elevated temperature. These nanowires had a hemicylindrical shell morphology that was produced by the Kirkendall effect, involving disparate rates for diffusion of Cd and S atoms within the nascent CdS layer during the conversion from Cd to CdS. The outer diameter of the CdS HSNWs was 1.6-2.4 times that of Cd precursor nanowires and was adjustable over the range from 116 to 550 nm. CdS HSNWs showed strong, band-edge photoluminescence at 2.45 eV and a fast, reversible, and stable photoconductivity response in air characterized by "on" and "off" times of less than 15 ms.
Ten-year survival of patients with small-cell lung cancer treated with combination chemotherapy with or without irradiation. (1990)

We evaluated the 10- to 15-year outcome of 252 patients with small-cell lung cancer entered into therapeutic clinical trials with or without chest and cranial irradiation. Thirty-two patients (13%) survived free of cancer for 2 or more years. Twelve patients (5%) survived at least 10 years free of cancer, and 10 patients are currently alive and free of cancer beyond 10 years. Six of these 10 patients currently function at a level comparable with that before diagnosis. The other 22 patients who were cancer-free at 2 years have died. Nine patients died from recurrent small-cell lung cancer 2 to 6.2 years after initiation of chemotherapy. Five died from non-small-cell lung cancer, three died of other malignancies, and five died of causes other than cancer. A small fraction of patients with small-cell lung cancer are cured of their original malignancy, but these patients remain at high risk for second cancers and death from other causes.
Correction: Evaluating the impact of fast-fMRI on dynamic functional connectivity in an event-based paradigm (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190480.].
Aerosol (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Effect of layered structures on the location of emissive regions in organic electroluminescent devices (1996)

Effect of layered structures on the location of emissive regions was studied in four types of organic electroluminescent (EL) devices: a single-layered (SL) device consisting only of an emissive layer (EML), two types of double-layered (DL-H and DL-E) devices in which a hole-transport layer (HTL) or an electron-transport layer (ETL) is attached to an EML, and a triple-layered (TL) device in which an EML is sandwiched between a HTL and an ETL. As EML, HTL and ETL material, 9, 10-bis[4-(diphenylamino)styryl]anthracene, 4,4′-bis[(3-methylphenyl)phenylamino]biphenyl and 1,3-bis[(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl]phenylene, respectively, were used. Within EML layers, a thin sensing layer doped with a squarilium dye, 2,4-bis[4-diethylamino)-2- hydroxyphenyl]cycrobutenediylium-1,3-dioxide was inserted. The change in emission intensity from the dopant, when the location of the sensing layer was systematically varied, gave information on emissive regions in each type of EL device. The emissive region in the SL device extended through the EML, and that in the DL-H device resided near the HTL/EML boundary. On the contrary, those in the DL-E and TL devices were located within a 10-nm-wide region adjacent to the EML/ETL boundary. Moreover, the emission efficiencies of the DL-E and TL devices were found to be higher than those of the SL and DL-H devices. It was experimentally demonstrated that the carrier recombination within the narrow region adjacent to the EML/carrier transport layer boundary gave high emission efficiency.
Wavelength division demultiplexing in the near infrared using holographically processed polymer microstructure waveguides (1990)

A five-channel wavelength-division demultiplexer (WDDM) is demonstrated that is fabricated in polymer microstructure waveguides and operates over a 100-nm bandwidth centered at 750 nm in the near-IR. The device has a maximum diffraction efficiency of about 50 percent at 730 nm, a spectral bandwidth of about 15 nm, and effectively utilizes the large optical transparency of the photolime gelatin polymer material at laser diode wavelengths.
Effects of Added Surfactant on Swelling and Molecular Transport in Drug-Loaded Tablets Based on Hydrophobically Modified Poly(acrylic acid) (2014)

A combination of NMR chemical shift imaging and self-diffusion experiments is shown to give a detailed molecular picture of the events that occur when tablets of hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid) loaded with a drug (griseofulvin) swell in water in the presence or absence of surfactant (sodium octylbenzenesulfonate). The hydrophobic substituents on the polymer bind and trap the surfactant molecules in mixed micelles, leading to a slow effective surfactant transport that occurs via a small fraction of individually dissolved surfactant molecules in the water domain. Because of the efficient binding of surfactant, the penetrating water is found to diffuse past the penetrating surfactant into the polymer matrix, pushing the surfactant front outward as the matrix swells. The added surfactant has little effect on the transport of drug because both undissolved solid drug and surfactant-solubilized drug function as reservoirs that essentially follow the polymer as it swells. However, the added surfactant nevertheless has a strong indirect effect on the release of griseofulvin, through the effect of the surfactant on the solubility and erosion of the polymer matrix. The surfactant effectively solubilizes the hydrophobically modified polymer, making it fully miscible with water, leading to a more pronounced swelling and a slower erosion of the polymer matrix.
Brienzersee: ein Okosystem unter der Lupe (2006)

Keywords: - Abteilung_SURF_2006 ; - Abteilung_ECO_2006 ; - Abteilung_ECO ; - Abteilung_SURF Note: 04862 IN BEARBEITUNG!! Reference EPFL-REPORT-187337 Record created on 2013-06-28, modified on 2016-08-09
Highly mismatch-tolerant homology testing by RecA could explain how homology length affects recombination (2023)

In E. coli, double strand breaks (DSBs) are resected and loaded with RecA protein. The genome is then rapidly searched for a sequence that is homologous to the DNA flanking the DSB. Mismatches in homologous partners are rare, suggesting that RecA should rapidly reject mismatched recombination products; however, this is not the case. Decades of work have shown that long lasting recombination products can include many mismatches. In this work, we show that in vitro RecA forms readily observable recombination products when 16% of the bases in the product are mismatched. We also consider various theoretical models of mismatch-tolerant homology testing. The models test homology by comparing the sequences of Ltest bases in two single-stranded DNAs (ssDNA) from the same genome. If the two sequences pass the homology test, the pairing between the two ssDNA becomes permanent. Stringency is the fraction of permanent pairings that join ssDNA from the same positions in the genome. We applied the models to both randomly generated genomes and bacterial genomes. For both randomly generated genomes and bacterial genomes, the models show that if no mismatches are accepted stringency is ∼ 99% when Ltest = 14 bp. For randomly generated genomes, stringency decreases with increasing mismatch tolerance, and stringency improves with increasing Ltest. In contrast, in bacterial genomes when Ltest ∼ 75 bp, stringency is ∼ 99% for both mismatch-intolerant and mismatch-tolerant homology testing. Furthermore, increasing Ltest does not improve stringency because most incorrect pairings join different copies of repeats. In sum, for bacterial genomes highly mismatch tolerant homology testing of 75 bp provides the same stringency as homology testing that rejects all mismatches and testing more than ∼75 base pairs is not useful. Interestingly, in vivo commitment to recombination typically requires homology testing of ∼ 75 bp, consistent with highly mismatch intolerant testing.