gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of an unmodified bivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in female small animal models (2023)

Combining optimized spike (S) protein-encoding mRNA vaccines to target multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants could improve control of the COVID-19 pandemic. We compare monovalent and bivalent mRNA vaccines encoding B.1.351 (Beta) and/or B.1.617.2 (Delta) SARS-CoV-2 S-protein in a transgenic mouse and a Wistar rat model. The blended low-dose bivalent mRNA vaccine contains half the mRNA of each respective monovalent vaccine, but induces comparable neutralizing antibody titres, enrichment of lung-resident memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, antigen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> responses, and protects transgenic female mice from SARS-CoV-2 lethality. The bivalent mRNA vaccine significantly reduces viral replication in both Beta- and Delta-challenged mice. Sera from bivalent mRNA vaccine immunized female Wistar rats also contain neutralizing antibodies against the B.1.1.529 (Omicron BA.1 and BA.5) variants. These data suggest that low-dose and fit-for-purpose multivalent mRNA vaccines encoding distinct S-proteins are feasible approaches for extending the coverage of vaccines for emerging and co-circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase from Porphyromonas gingivalis Abolishes Anaphylatoxin C5a Activity (2014)

Evasion of killing by the complement system, a crucial part of innate immunity, is a key evolutionary strategy of many human pathogens. A major etiological agent of chronic periodontitis, the Gram-negative bacterium Porphyromonas gingivalis, produces a vast arsenal of virulence factors that compromise human defense mechanisms. One of these is peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), an enzyme unique to P. gingivalis among bacteria, which converts Arg residues in polypeptide chains into citrulline. Here, we report that PPAD citrullination of a critical C-terminal arginine of the anaphylatoxin C5a disabled the protein function. Treatment of C5a with PPAD in vitro resulted in decreased chemotaxis of human neutrophils and diminished calcium signaling in monocytic cell line U937 transfected with the C5a receptor (C5aR) and loaded with a fluorescent intracellular calcium probe: Fura-2 AM. Moreover, a low degree of citrullination of internal arginine residues by PPAD was also detected using mass spectrometry. Further, after treatment of C5 with outer membrane vesicles naturally shed by P. gingivalis, we observed generation of C5a totally citrullinated at the C-terminal Arg-74 residue (Arg74Cit). In stark contrast, only native C5a was detected after treatment with PPAD-null outer membrane vesicles. Our study suggests reduced antibacterial and proinflammatory capacity of citrullinated C5a, achieved via lower level of chemotactic potential of the modified molecule, and weaker cell activation. In the context of previous studies, which showed crosstalk between C5aR and Toll-like receptors, as well as enhanced arthritis development in mice infected with PPAD-expressing P. gingivalis, our findings support a crucial role of PPAD in the virulence of P. gingivalis.
Impact of Dietary Protein Restriction on the Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Whole-Sporozoite Malaria Vaccination (2022)

Malaria remains one of the world's most prevalent infectious diseases. Several vaccination strategies currently under investigation aim at hampering the development of the <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite during the clinically silent liver stage of its life cycle in the mammalian host, preventing the subsequent disease-associated blood stage of infection. Immunization with radiation-attenuated sporozoites (RAS), the liver-infecting parasite forms, can induce sterile protection against malaria. However, the efficacy of vaccine candidates in malaria-naïve individuals in high-income countries is frequently higher than that found in populations where malaria is endemic. Malnutrition has been associated with immune dysfunction and with a delay or impairment of the immune response to some vaccines. Since vaccine efficacy depends on the generation of competent immune responses, and malaria-endemic regions are often associated with malnutrition, we hypothesized that an inadequate host nutritional status, specifically resulting from a reduction in dietary protein, could impact on the establishment of an efficient anti-malarial immune response. We developed a model of RAS immunization under low protein diet to investigate the impact of a reduced host protein intake on the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of this vaccine. Our analysis of the circulating and tissue-associated immune compartments revealed that a reduction in dietary protein intake during immunization resulted in a decrease in the frequency of circulating CD4+ T cells and of hepatic NK cells. Nevertheless, the profile of CD8+ T cells in the blood, liver and spleen was robust and minimally affected by the dietary protein content during RAS immunization, as assessed by supervised and in-depth unsupervised X-shift clustering analysis. Although mice immunized under low protein diet presented higher parasite liver load upon challenge than those immunized under adequate protein intake, the two groups displayed similar levels of protection from disease. Overall, our data indicate that dietary protein reduction may have minimal impact on the immunogenicity and efficacy of RAS-based malaria vaccination. Importantly, this experimental model can be extended to assess the impact of other nutrient imbalances and immunization strategies, towards the refinement of future translational interventions that improve vaccine efficacy in malnourished individuals.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of AlS− Diatomic Anion (1994)

Abstract Photoelectron spectra of AlS− radical were measured using a magnetic bottle electron spectrometer. Electron affinity of AlS was determined to be 2.60(3) eV, and a new electronic excited state, A′2Π, was found 0.4 eV above the AlS ground state, which is consistent with theoretical calculations.
A Rare Presentation of a Non-Asian Female With Metastatic Non-small-cell Lung Cancer HarboringEGFRL747P Mutation With Clinical Response to Multi-targeted Epigenetic andEGFRInhibition (2021)

This case represents a possible novel approach to reducing resistance in patients harboring this rare EGFR mutation which may translate to better outcomes.
Bitter Sensing TAS2R50 Mediates the trans-Resveratrol-Induced Anti-inflammatory Effect on Interleukin 6 Release in HGF-1 Cells in Culture (2021)

Recent data have shown anti-inflammatory effects for <i>trans</i>-resveratrol (RSV) and rosmarinic acid (RA) in various immune-competent cell models through reduction of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin 6 (IL-6) release. Because both compounds have been reported to taste bitter, we hypothesized an involvement of human bitter taste sensing receptors (TAS2Rs) on IL-6 release in LPS-treated human gingival fibroblasts (HGF-1). First, the bitter taste intensity of RSV and RA was compared in a sensory trial with 10 untrained panelists, of whom 90% rated a 50 ppm of RSV in water solution more bitter than 50 ppm of RA. A mean 19 ± 6% reduction of the RSV-induced bitter taste intensity was achieved by co-administration of 50 ppm of the bitter-masking, TAS2R43 antagonist homoeriodictyol (HED). Mechanistic experiments in a stably CRISPR-Cas9-edited <i>TAS2R43ko</i> gastric cell model revealed involvement of TAS2R43 in the HED-evoked effect on RSV-induced proton secretion, whereas the cellular response to RSV did not depend upon <i>TAS2R43</i>. Next, the IL-6 modulatory effect of 100 μM RSV was studied in LPS-treated immune-competent HGF-1 cells. After 6 h of treatment, RSV reduced the LPS-induced IL-6 gene expression and protein release by -46.2 ± 12.7 and -73.9 ± 2.99%, respectively. This RSV-evoked effect was abolished by co-administration of HED. Because real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed a regulation of <i>TAS2R50</i> in RSV with or without HED-treated HGF-1 cells, an siRNA knockdown approach of <i>TAS2R50</i> was applied to verify <i>TAS2R50</i> involvement in the RSV-induced reduction of the LPS-evoked IL-6 release in HGT-1 cells.
A Brief Review of the Relationships between Monolayer Viscosity, Phase Behavior, Surface Pressure, and Temperature Using a Simple Monolayer Viscometer (2006)

The two-dimensional surface shear viscosity, eta, of fatty acid monolayers of different chain lengths, measured using a simple magnetic needle viscometer, strongly correlates with the molecular organization in condensed phases and the absolute temperature. eta can increase by orders of magnitude at phase boundaries associated with tilted to untilted molecular order, providing the underlying order is semicrystalline. Hence, untilted, long-range ordered CS phases are the most viscous films. However, despite being untilted, the LS rotator phase is less viscous than certain laterally ordered tilted phases, suggesting a decrease of the van der Waals interactions due to molecular rotation. In certain regions of the L2 phase, eta reaches a maximum before the L2-LS transition, an anomalous behavior correlated with the change in the lattice symmetry of the headgroup. Surface shear viscosity, even when measured with a macroscopic probe, is particularly sensitive to the microscopic organization of monolayers.
Transient response of a localised demand control system (2013)

Electricity systems worldwide are experiencing significant change with a large push towards renewable energy generation and an intelligent grid. Increased renewables also increases forecast uncertainty and in turn makes system frequency regulation more difficult. The addition of electric vehicles (EVs) may cause further issues by increasing the evening peak and increasing distribution transformer loading. A Demand Side Management system for managing load on individual distribution transformers has previously been created. EVs and a number of typical household loads can be time shifted with little impact on the end user. In this manner these loads can become highly beneficial to the grid by being moved out of peak demand periods and controlled in response to fluctuations in supply. Additional frequency monitoring functionality has now been added to the system and the frequency keeping performance has been quantified. Initial results suggest the system has good frequency keeping capabilities and could contribute significantly to system stability if deployed on a wide scale, while still managing local distribution constraints.
Self homodyne tomography of a squeezed laser diode (2005)

Summary form only given. Considerable interest is growing around self homodyne techniques. Such techniques allow to avoid nonunitary detection efficiencies due to inefficient mode matching of the local oscillator. As proposed by Galatola et al. [1991], one possible scheme of self homodyne detection of a field with a strong coherent component involves the use of a Fabry-Perot cavity with a high reflecting rear mirror. Using this setup we are able to perform a tomographic measure of the Wigner function of the field emitted by a laser diode.
A Unique, Histopathologic Lesion in a Subset of Patients With Spontaneous Pneumothorax (2012)

Our review identified a distinct pattern of pneumothorax-associated fibroblastic lesions in a subset of cases of spontaneous pneumothorax. Whether this is related to the pathogenesis of the pneumothorax remains to be elucidated.
From Body Art to Anticancer Activities: Perspectives on Medicinal Properties of Henna (2012)

Nature has been a rich source of therapeutic agents for thousands of years and an impressive number of modern drugs have been isolated from natural sources based on the uses of these plants in traditional medicine. Henna is one such plant commonly known as Persian Henna or Lawsonia inermis, a bushy, flowering tree, commonly found in Australia, Asia and along the Mediterranean coasts of Africa. Paste made from the leaves of Henna plant has been used since the Bronze Age to dye skin, hairs and fingernails especially at the times of festivals. In recent times henna paste has been used for body art paintings and designs in western countries. Despite such widespread use in dyeing and body art painting, Henna extracts and constituents possess numerous biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anticancer activities. The active coloring and biologically active principle of Henna is found to be Lawsone (2- hydroxy-1, 4-naphthoquinone) which can serve as a starting building block for synthesizing large number of therapeutically useful compounds including Atovaquone, Lapachol and Dichloroallyl lawsone which have been shown to possess potent anticancer activities. Some other analogs of Lawsone have been found to exhibit other beneficial biological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitubercular and antimalarial. The ability of Lawsone to undergo the redox cycling and chelation of trace metal ions has been thought to be partially responsible for some of its biological activities. Despite such diverse biological properties and potent anticancer activities the compound has remained largely unexplored and hence in the present review we have summarized the chemistry and biological activities of Lawsone along with its analogs and metal complexes.
ChemInform Abstract: Localized and Overall Properties Related to the Nature and Structural Organization of the Framework Atoms (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The use of evolutionary-genetic analogy in numerical analysis (1998)

A new approach was developed for the analysis of problems of physics governed by laws of conservation. The methodology establishes an analogy between various aspects of evolution and genetics of life processes and inanimate physical systems. This analogy is then used to generate solutions to physical problems in a similar way to which organisms in nature solve problems imposed by environmental constraints. Finite difference and finite elements approximations are used in the numerical implementation of the method and a simple two-dimensional problem is solved to illustrate the method. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Novel Chloride Channel in Drosophila melanogaster Is Inhibited by Protons (2005)

A systematic analysis of the Drosophila genome data reveals the existence of pHCl, a novel member of ligand-gated ion channel subunits. pHCl shows nearly identical similarity to glutamate-, glycine-, and histamine-gated ion channels, does however not belong to any of these ion channel types. We identified three different sites, where splicing generates multiple transcripts of the pHCl mRNA. The pHCl is expressed in Drosophila embryo, larvae, pupae, and the adult fly. In embryos, in situ hybridization detected pHCl in the neural cord and the hindgut. Functional expression of the three different splice variants of pHCl in oocytes of Xenopus laevis and Sf9 cells induces a chloride current with a linear current-voltage relationship that is inhibited by extracellular protons and activated by avermectins in a pH-dependent manner. Further, currents through pHCl channels were induced by a raise in temperature. Our data give genetic and electrophysiological evidence that pHCl is a member of a new branch of ligand-gated ion channels in invertebrates with, however, a hitherto unique combination of pharmacological and biophysical properties.
Laser and spectroscopic properties of Sr_5[PO_4]_3F:Yb (1994)

Sr5(PO4)3F (S-FAP) has been investigated as a new Yb-doped laser crystal belonging to the apatite structural family. The spectroscopy of the Yb3+ ion and the laser properties of the medium have been investigated. The maximum absorption cross section of Yb in S-FAP is 8.6 × 10−20 cm2, and the maximum emission cross section is 7.3 × 10−20 cm2. The measured emission lifetime of Yb3+ is 1.26 ms. An Yb:S-FAP laser has been demonstrated with a Ti:sapphire laser pump operating at 899 nm. The Yb:S-FAP laser was measured to have slope efficiencies as high as 71%. The spectroscopy and laser studies are reported, as well as certain thermal, mechanical, and optical properties.
A cluster of cases of streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis in Gloucestershire (1995)

We describe the first cluster of cases of necrotizing fasciitis (NF) in this century in the United Kingdom (UK). Between 1 January and 30 June 1994 there were six cases (five confirmed, one probable) of Streptococcus pyogenes NF in west Gloucestershire, population 320,000. Two cases died. The first two patients probably acquired their infections during the course of elective surgery performed in the same operating theatre, possibly from a nasopharyngeal carrier amongst the theatre staff. The remaining infections were community-acquired. Of 5 S. pyogenes isolates there were 2 M1 strains, 1 M3, 1 M5 and 1 M non-typeable strain. S. pyogenes NF had not been recorded in west Gloucestershire in the preceding 10 years and the incidence of S. pyogenes bacteraemia in England and Wales had not risen in the past 5 years. The two presumably theatre-acquired infections raised several issues. The need for detailed bacteriological investigation of all cases of post-surgical NF was confirmed. Clusters of S. pyogenes infection following surgery should be managed by closure of the operating theatre until all staff have been screened for carriage. Closure of an operating theatre and screening of staff following a sporadic case is probably not justified because of the infrequency of surgical cross-infection with S. pyogenes. Regular, routine screening of theatre staff is neither practical nor necessary.
System and plastic scintillator for discrimination of thermal neutron, fast neutron, and gamma radiation (2023)

A scintillator material according to one embodiment includes a polymer matrix; a primary dye in the polymer matrix, the primary dye being a fluorescent dye, the primary dye being present in an amount of 3 wt % or more; and at least one component in the polymer matrix, the component being selected from a group consisting of B, Li, Gd, a B-containing compound, a Li-containing compound and a Gd-containing compound, wherein the scintillator material exhibits an optical response signature for thermal neutrons that is different than an optical response signature for fast neutrons and gamma rays. A system according to one embodiment includes a scintillator material as disclosed herein and a photodetector for detecting the response of the material to fast neutron, thermal neutron and gamma ray irradiation.
The Removal of Sulfur Compounds Using Activated Carbon-Based Sorbents Impregnated with Alkali or Alkaline Earth Metal (2010)

To remove sulfur compounds, such as methyl mercaptan (M.M.), ethyl mercaptan (E.M.), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and diethyl disulfide (DEDS) in the fluidized catalytic cracking (FCC) process, various activated carbon (AC)-based sorbents impregnated with alkali and alkaline earth metal were tested in a fixed-bed quartz reactor at 30 °C. The sulfur removal capacities of the AC-based sorbents (e.g., the CaAC, NaAC and KAC series) prepared via impregnation with alkali or alkaline earth metal were more enhanced than those of the pure AC sorbents despite a notable decrease in their surface areas and pore volumes. It was found that the alkali/alkaline earth metal was the adsorption site of the sulfur compound. Moreover, the KAC-10 sorbent showed excellent sulfur removal capacity and regeneration ability.
Analyses of acute kidney injury biomarkers by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (2015)

The newly developed acute kidney injury biomarkers are very important for the early and timely detection of kidney diseases. This review contains details of the analyses of several acute kidney injury biomarkers using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in urine and plasma samples. In this review we attempt to discuss some aspects of the types of the biomarkers, patents, sample preparation, and the analyses. Besides, efforts were also made to discuss the possible uses of superficially porous (core-shell) columns in traditional and inexpensive high-performance liquid chromatography instruments. Additionally, the challenges and the future prospects are also highlighted. The present review will be useful for the academicians, scientists, and clinicians for the early detection of acute kidney injury biomarkers.
Dysuria in Male Elderly Outpatients Evaluated by a Questionnaire Survey. (1992)

We surveyed complaints of dysuria in male elderly outpatients by questionnaire survey. Seven hundred and twenty outpatients (39 aged 30-39, 63 aged 40-49, 170 aged 50-59, 229 aged 60-69, and 219 aged 70 or more) visiting our outpatient internal medicine clinics were asked by a questionnaire about the subjective symptoms of dysuria, including frequencies of nocturia, prolongation of the start of urination, straining at urination, and residual urine, graded as asymptomatic, mild, moderate and severe. The subjects were divided into three groups as to the dysuria; normal group without symptoms or one mild symptom, borderline group with two or more mild symptoms, and dysuria group with one moderate or severe symptom or more. The rates of the patients in the dysuria group were increased with age, being 15%, 16%, 21%, 31% and 53%, respectively, in the above-mentioned age groups. This finding emphasized the importance of questions about dysuria in elderly patients also in internal medicine outpatient clinics, and of differential diagnosis for the causal factor(s) for dysuria in elderly patients including benign prostate hypertrophy.
Critical properties of random Potts models (1981)

The critical properties of Potts models with random bonds are considered in two dimensions. A position-space renormalization-group procedure, based on the Migdal-Kadanoff method, is developed. While all previous position-space calculations satisfied the Harris criterion and the resulting scaling relation only approximately, we found conditions under which these relations are exactly satisfied, and constructed our renormalization-group procedure accordingly. Numerical results for phase diagrams and thermodynamic functions for various random-bond Potts models are presented. In addition, some exact results obtained using a duality transformation, as well as an heuristic derivation of scaling properties that correspond to the percolation problem are given.
Arthroscopic excision of the os trigonum: using the posteromedial portal safely. (2010)

The os trigonum is an accessory ossicle that, though usually asymptomatic, can become a chronic source of pain, particularly in dancers and athletes. Surgical intervention is sometimes necessary, with arthroscopy having the theoretical advantages of less pain, inflammation, and scarring. Presented here is an example of chronic posterior ankle pain in an athlete successfully treated with arthroscopic os trigonum resection using posteromedial and posterolateral portals. We review the technical features and surgical technique of safe placement of the posteromedial portal and associated advantages.