gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the Brewster angle illumination technique to eliminate resist-induced alignment errors (1998)

Resist coating on alignment marks can be asymmetrical due to the spinning motion. Alignment errors may result from this asymmetrical coating because the alignment signal can contain asymmetry when the optics detects the mark through the resist. The amount of signal asymmetry depends on the mark topography, resist thickness, spin speed, location on the wafer and the alignment technique. We have proposed a Brewster angle illumination technique (BAIT) as an effective means to greatly reduce the resist-induced alignment error by reducing alignment signal reflections from the surface of the resist. In this paper, we present the experimental results. We built an interferometric alignment system to implement BAIT. By scanning a resist-coated mark in close proximity to an exposed reference mark, drift and other system offsets are minimized, allowing an offset detectability of 6 nm. Resist-induced alignment errors with a radial dependence on mark position and magnitudes up to 25 nm have been measured when BAIT is not used. However, when BAIT is employed the resist-induced errors at all positions on the wafer are reduced to less than 10 nm and are close to the resolution limit of the alignment setup. The validity of the data was established by changing the polarization of the light from TM to TE, thereby destroying the BAIT condition while holding all other parameters constant. A study of the dependence of resist-induced alignment error on spin speed reveals that the amount of asymmetry in the resist profile increases monotonically as the spin speed increases. This effect is due to two factors: that the resist is thinner and that the spin speed is also faster. Further study using a thinner to dilute the resist isolated these factors and showed that the resist-induced alignment errors depend more sensitively on spin speed than the resist thickness. In most of the cases, the BAIT alignment system is immune to resist coating asymmetry and the error magnitude stays below 10 nm. However, the BAIT cannot work effectively when resist thickness becomes thinner than 0.6 micrometer. This limitation of BAIT technique was attributed to the ripples in the resist profile causing local impinging angles to deviate significantly from the Brewster angle.
Data from Immunomodulation of Curcumin on Adoptive Therapy with T Cell Functional Imaging in Mice (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Adoptive T-cell therapy involves the &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; expansion and subsequent transfusion of tumor-specific T lymphocytes to eliminate tumors. Using immune modulators to block immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment has emerged as a promising strategy to enhance T-cell–mediated tumor regression. Curcumin, a major component of turmeric, has been shown to possess antitumor and immunomodulatory effects by regulating a diverse range of molecular targets. Thus, we hypothesize that these beneficial effects of curcumin may improve the therapeutic efficacy of adoptive therapy. Here, we have shown that curcumin enhances cytotoxicity of CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells toward tumors via alteration of the tumor microenvironment when combined with adoptive therapy. We found that T-cell accumulation and function were increased in combined treatment due to the blockade of different immunosuppressors, including TGF-β, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and regulatory T cells. Furthermore, bioluminescent imaging with a granzyme B promoter–conjugated optical reporter also reflected improved cytotoxicity of antigen-specific CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells in tumor-bearing mice during treatment. These findings suggest that combination of multitargeting drugs, such as curcumin, with adoptive therapy may have potential for clinical application. In addition, using a granzyme B–specific imaging reporter to assess T-cell function may also be applied for the development and therapeutic evaluation of new immunotherapy in preclinical studies. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Prev Res; 5(3); 444–52. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Inside Back Cover: Electrodeposition of Single‐Metal Nanoparticles on Stable Protein 1 Membranes: Application of Plasmonic Sensing by Single Nanoparticles (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 1/2012) (2011)

The growth of metal nanoparticles on ion-channel pores of a stable protein 1 (SP1) membrane is monitored in situ by dark field microscopy and plasmon resonance Rayleigh scattering. In their Communication on page 140 ff., Y.-T. Long and co-workers describe the electrodeposition process of single nanoparticles in the core of an SP1 template and the sensing of antigen–antibody binding on single nanoparticles.
Statistical moments based classifier for MPSK signals (2002)

The authors report a novel moments-based classifier to classify MPSK (M-ary phase shift keying) signals by using the moments of the phase utilizing the exact phase distribution. When compared with a case in which the Tikhonov function is used to approximate the asymptotic distribution of the phase, the new classifier with 1024 samples offered a 2 dB improvement. The 2 dB improvement is offered when the probability of misclassification is 0.01. Furthermore, improvement in performance can be obtained by increasing the length of the observation interval.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Modeling Fuel and EGR Effects under Conventional and Low Temperature Combustion Conditions (2013)

Precise combustion control and a wider operating load range are the two major challenges in the application of advanced combustion modes, as the combustion process is chemical kinetically driven and thus is sensitive to the fuel composition. Although diesel fuels are complex multicomponent mixtures, most previous research has been carried out using simple single- or two-component surrogate models. This assumption leads to inaccuracies when modeling advanced combustion systems due to differences between the model and real fuel compositions. The present study proposes multicomponent surrogate models for three different diesel fuels that mimic the compositions and property variations of European and American diesel fuels. The composition of the surrogate fuels were arrived at by modeling the distillation data of the three fuels to within 1.5% maximum absolute error. The developed surrogate models were then applied to predict the combustion and emission characteristics of the three fuels tested in a single cylinder diesel engine operated under various conditions, including conventional and low temperature combustion (LTC) conditions. The computations were performed using the multidimensional computational fluid dynamics code, KIVA-ERC, incorporated with suitable reduced reaction mechanisms for the surrogate fuels. The predicted combustion and emission characteristics showed good agreement with measured data. The peak pressures are predicted to within 9.8% mean absolute error. Sensitivities to fuel type and EGR concentration were also explored in conventional and LTC modes using the surrogate models. The results showed that the combustion trends in conventional combustion are less affected by fuel or EGR changes, while a much higher sensitivity was observed under LTC conditions, thus demanding more realistic fuel models to precisely describe advanced combustion modes.
3D Video Objects For Interactive Applications (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Targeted gene expression using a 1.1 kilobase promoter fragment of the tumour-associated antigen EpCAM. (2005)

The epithelial cell adhesion molecule EpCAM is over- or de novo expressed during carcinogenesis. EpCAM expression correlates with increased proliferation and dedifferentiation. Recently, we reported the cloning of a 1.1 kilobase fragment upstream of the epcam gene and demonstrated its specific transcriptional activity. Here, we analyzed the potential of this fragment for targeted gene expression. The fragment was used to regulate the expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and HSV-1 thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), as a model therapeutic gene. Transfection of the pEpProm-control or pEpProm-GFP plasmids resulted in the expression of functional GFP and HSV-TK proteins specifically in EpCAM-positive cells. Expression levels of both proteins correlated with the amount of EpCAM. Additionally, the targeted expression of HSV1-TK transferred a marked sensitivity to ganciclovir treatment in EpCAM-positive HEK293-EBNA1 and SkBr3 carcinoma cells. The EpCAM promoter fragment is, thus, a novel tool to allow for the transcription of therapeutic genes, specifically, in EpCAM-positive carcinomas.
Defining the Optimal FVIII Transgene for Placental Cell-Based Gene Therapy to Treat Hemophilia A (2020)

The delivery of factor VIII (FVIII) through gene and/or cellular platforms has emerged as a promising hemophilia A treatment. Herein, we investigated the suitability of human placental cells (PLCs) as delivery vehicles for FVIII and determined an optimal FVIII transgene to produce/secrete therapeutic FVIII levels from these cells. Using three PLC cell banks we demonstrated that PLCs constitutively secreted low levels of FVIII, suggesting their suitability as a transgenic FVIII production platform. Furthermore, PLCs significantly increased FVIII secretion after transduction with a lentiviral vector (LV) encoding a myeloid codon-optimized bioengineered FVIII containing high-expression elements from porcine FVIII. Importantly, transduced PLCs did not upregulate cellular stress or innate immunity molecules, demonstrating that after transduction and FVIII production/secretion, PLCs retained low immunogenicity and cell stress. When LV encoding five different bioengineered FVIII transgenes were compared for transduction efficiency, FVIII production, and secretion, data showed that PLCs transduced with LV encoding hybrid human/porcine FVIII transgenes secreted substantially higher levels of FVIII than did LV encoding B domain-deleted human FVIII. In addition, data showed that in PLCs, myeloid codon optimization is needed to increase FVIII secretion to therapeutic levels. These studies have identified an optimal combination of FVIII transgene and cell source to achieve clinically meaningful levels of secreted FVIII.
THERMAL BEHAVIOR OF PYROLYSIS OIL - DIESEL OIL EMULSION IN EVAPORATING MICRONIC DROPLETS (2019)

Transformations inside emulsion droplets of 82 µm have been studied by using laser diagnostics. Arrays of calibrated droplets of emulsion 70/30 w/w diesel oil/pyrolysis oil were injected in pre-heated air flow inside a tubular reactor. Four thermal regimes have been studied: room temperature, 150°C, 250°C, and 350°C. For comparison, droplets of the diesel oil used to form the emulsion were studied in the same experimental conditions.The investigation has been performed by applying the Generalized Scattering Imaging laser technique that allows the simultaneous determination of size and optical properties of droplets. This optical diagnostic technique permitted to infer the chemical-physical changes inside the emulsion droplet by measuring the imaginary part of their refractive index. At 150°C and 250°C, the emulsion droplets suffered progressive depletion of the diesel oil phase. The pyrolysis oil, dispersed in the diesel oil matrix in the form of microdroplets 2 µm sized, underwent partial evaporation, liquid phase pyrolysis, and polymerization. At 350°C almost all the diesel oil had evaporated and the pyrolysis oil microdroplets dispersed in the emulsion droplet had merged to form a single droplet. These residual droplets showed a very narrow size distribution and an absorption coefficient greater than that of the original PO in agreement with the assessment that they represent the combined outcome of evaporation, liquid phase pyrolysis and polymerization of the pyrolysis oil. Samples of residual droplets were captured at the exit of the reactor and analyzed by means of optical microscopy. The microscope analysis was consistent with the laser diagnostics results.
Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome in sisters with novel compound heterozygous mutation in UBE3B (2015)

A pair of sisters was ascertained for multiple congenital defects, including marked craniofacial dysmorphisms with blepharophimosis, and severe psychomotor delay. Two novel compound heterozygous mutations in UBE3B were identified in both the sisters by exome sequencing. These mutations include c.1A>G, which predicts p.Met1?, and a c.1773delC variant, predicted to cause a frameshift at p.Phe591fs. UBE3B encodes a widely expressed protein ubiquitin ligase E3B, which, when mutated in both alleles, causes Kaufman oculocerebrofacial syndrome. We report on the thorough clinical examination of the patients and review the state of art knowledge of this disorder.
Note on Prony's method (1993)

Prony's method can be used to compute the frequencies of two signals using four equations. It is shown in this note that this can be done with only three equations.
Chirp consequences of all-optical RZ to NRZ conversion using cross-phase modulation in an active semiconductor photonic integrated circuit (2000)

Data is converted from return-to-zero (RZ) to nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format, at 5 Gb/s using a Mach-Zehnder (MZ) interferometric wavelength conversion photonic integrated circuit. The resulting NRZ data has chirp on both its leading and trailing edges. Nevertheless, propagation up to 240 km is reported.
Conformal RFID sensing for assisted living (2014)

Two passive sensing designs based on UHF RFID technology are presented for assisted living application. The first tag is mounted on the hard palette of the mouth and detects tongue position, while the second is a skin-mounted strain gauge. Both designs are proposed for wheelchair or computer mouse control applications. Measurements show the sensors can communicate over short ranges comparable with the distance expected between a patent's mouth or face and a reader antenna. The mouth sensor is demonstrated to act as a tongue controlled switch, while the epidermal sensor is intended for eyebrow twitch control, tests indicate both designs have a useful and repeatable sensing function, with more than 3dB isolation in the switching case and approximately 0.25dBm per percentage stretch in the strain gauge.
Convolutional-Code-Specific CRC Code Design (2015)

Cyclic redundancy check (CRC) codes check if a codeword is correctly received. This paper presents an algorithm to design CRC codes that are optimized for the code-specific error behavior of a specified feedforward convolutional code. The algorithm utilizes two distinct approaches to computing undetected error probability of a CRC code used with a specific convolutional code. The first approach enumerates the error patterns of the convolutional code and tests if each of them is detectable. The second approach reduces complexity significantly by exploiting the equivalence of the undetected error probability to the frame error rate of an equivalent catastrophic convolutional code. The error events of the equivalent convolutional code are exactly the undetectable errors for the original concatenation of CRC and convolutional codes. This simplifies the computation because error patterns do not need to be individually checked for detectability. As an example, we optimize CRC codes for a commonly used 64-state convolutional code for information length k=1024 demonstrating significant reduction in undetected error probability compared to the existing CRC codes with the same degrees. For a fixed target undetected error probability, the optimized CRC codes typically require 2 fewer bits.
HTTP/2 Priority Tree Synchronization (2015)

This specification describes an issue in HTTP/2 linked to the
synchronization of priority trees between a client and a server. It
outlines possible solutions to this issue.
Pre-breakdown evaluation of gas discharge mechanisms in microgaps (2013)

The individual contributions of various gas discharge mechanisms to total pre-breakdown current in microgaps are quantified numerically. The variation of contributions of field emission and secondary electron emission with increasing electric field shows contrasting behavior even for a given gap size. The total current near breakdown decreases rapidly with gap size indicating that microscale discharges operate in a high-current, low-voltage regime. This study provides the first such analysis of breakdown mechanisms and aids in the formulation of physics-based theories for microscale breakdown.
Pyrromethene Dye Sensitized Photopolymer and the Application to Visible Laser Direct Imaging (2004)

We investigated a photosensitivity of various initiating systems that consist of sensitizing dyes and initiators. A photopolymer that consists of a pyrromethene sensitizing dye, a naphthalimide type photoacid generator, and a polymer bearing acetal group could exhibit extremely high photosensitivity by applying the chemical amplification mechanism. The sensitization mechanism was also studied by means of absorption and fluorescence spectrum, high performance liquid chromatography, and laser flash photolysis method, and then we applied the novel photopolymer to the Computer-to-Plate technology (CTP) and dry film resist for printed circuit board (PCB).
Einkorn: A Functional Wheat for Developing High-Lutein Whole Grain Baked Products (2014)

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L.) is an ancient hulled wheat that has the simplest genetic makeup among domesticated wheat species. It has a soft endosperm with a high protein content and yellow pigments with unique nutritional profiles. Einkorn flour has a wide range of quality characteristics that are similar to durum and common wheat flours. In general, it has poor bread baking quality but does have cookie and muffin baking qualities that are comparable to modern soft and hard wheats. Einkorn contains the highest levels of lutein among wheat species, accounting for ≈77–83% of the total carotenoid content, followed by zeaxanthin at 9–13% of the total carotenoid content. Einkorn whole grain flour alone or blended with corn flour or a lutein supplement was processed into cookie, muffin, and yeast-free flatbread formulations. Studies of lutein stability showed a sharp decline in the three baked products. Despite significant lutein losses, the lutein-fortified whole grain baked products contained ≈1.1–1.3 mg...
Broadband coherent Raman spectroscopy running at 24,000 spectra per second (2016)

We present a Fourier-transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (FT-CARS) spectroscopy technique that achieves broadband CARS measurements at an ultrahigh scan rate of more than 20,000 spectra/s - more than 20 times higher than that of previous broadband coherent Raman scattering spectroscopy techniques. This is made possible by an integration of a FT-CARS system and a rapid-scanning retro-reflective optical path length scanner. To demonstrate the technique's strength, we use it to perform broadband CARS spectroscopy of the transient mixing dynamics of toluene and benzene in the fingerprint region (200-1500 cm(-1)) with spectral resolution of 10 cm(-1) at a record high scan rate of 24,000 spectra/s. Our rapid-scanning FT-CARS technique holds great promise for studying chemical dynamics and wide-field label-free biomedical imaging.
Beyond PARP: Inhibitors of DNA Repair Processes as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Cancer (2017)

Medicinal Chemistry Reviewsis an outstanding 600 page volume providing timely and critical reviews of important topics in medicinal chemistry. It is provided free of charge to MEDI members in electronic format. Members can also order a print copy, for the cost of printing, shipping and handling
CD4 T‐cell epitopes of human α B‐crystallin (2004)

Of potential importance to multiple sclerosis (MS), oligodendroglial alpha B-crystallin is expressed and associated with the myelin sheath at the earliest stage of MS lesion development. We selected T-cell lines specific for human alpha B-crystallin from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of HLA-DR2 homozygous MS patients and found that the alpha B-crystallin-specific T-cells were CD4+ and restricted by DRB1*1501, and expressed Th1 cytokines. The CD4 T-cell epitopes of human alpha B-crystallin were determined by proliferation of alpha B-crystallin-specific T-cell lines to 17 20-mer synthetic overlapping peptides spanning the entire molecule of human alpha B-crystallin. It was found that the HLA-DR2 donor-derived alpha B-crystallin-specific T-cell lines proliferated to alpha B-crystallin peptides 21-40, 41-60, and to a lesser extent, 131-150. These T-cell proliferation responses were associated with intracellular expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and secretion of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The amino acid sequences of these peptides were compatible with predicted HLA-DR2-restricted binding motifs. PBMC of an early active MS patient proliferated to the epitope-containing peptides significantly better than did those of later stage MS patients or healthy controls. Taken together, these findings suggest that autoreactive alpha B-crystallin-specific Th1 cells may have the potential to contribute to MS pathogenesis.
Impact of time and frequency offsets on cooperative multi-user MIMO-OFDM systems (2009)

We study impacts of frequency and time offsets on cooperative multi-user MIMO-OFDM systems. In such systems, frequency offsets cause multi-user interference in addition to the inter-carrier interference effects typically seen in traditional MIMO-OFDM systems. Also, the impact of time offsets is more severe since the time offsets are larger due to transmitter synchronization imperfections and different propagation delays from the transmitters to the receivers. We derive an expression for the SINR seen at the receiver, showing especially how frequency offsets rotate the equivalent channel, thereby causing precoding imperfections. We simulate the interference impacts in the context of LTE-Advanced with realistic assumptions. Simulation results clearly show that the impacts of time and frequency offsets are more severe in cooperative MIMO-OFDM systems than in traditional MIMO-OFDM systems.
Speeding up R-LWE post-quantum key exchange. (2016)

Post-quantum cryptography has attracted increased attention in the last couple of years, due to the threat of quantum computers breaking current cryptosystems. In particular, the key size and performance of post-quantum algorithms became a significant target for optimization. In this spirit, Alkim et al. have recently proposed a significant optimization for a key exchange scheme that is based on the R-LWE problem. In this paper, we build on the implementation of Alkim et al., and focus on improving the algorithm for generating a uniformly random polynomial. We optimize three independent directions: efficient pseudorandom bytes generation, decreasing the rejection rate during sampling, and vectorizing the sampling step. When measured on the latest Intel processor Architecture Codename Skylake, our new optimizations improve over Alkim et al. by up to \(1.59\times \) on the server side, and by up to \(1.54\times \) on the client side.