gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra-rare disruptive and damaging mutations influence educational attainment in the general population (2016)

Ultra-rare inherited and de novo disruptive variants in highly constrained (HC) genes are enriched in neurodevelopmental disorders 1–5 . However, their impact on cognition in the general population has not been explored. We hypothesize that disruptive and damaging ultra-rare variants (URVs) in HC genes not only confer risk to neurodevelopmental disorders, but also influence general cognitive abilities measured indirectly by years of education (YOE). We tested this hypothesis in 14,133 individuals with whole exome or genome sequencing data. The presence of one or more URVs was associated with a decrease in YOE (3.1 months less for each additional mutation; P-value=3.3×10 −8 ) and the effect was stronger in HC genes enriched for brain expression (6.5 months less, P-value=3.4×10 −5 ). The effect of these variants was more pronounced than the estimated effects of runs of homozygosity and pathogenic copy number variation 6–9 . Our findings suggest that effects of URVs in HC genes are not confined to severe neurodevelopmental disorder, but influence the cognitive spectrum in the general population
Low Drift Zener-based voltage reference (2015)

This paper presents an alternative architecture for a Monolithic IC Buried Zener-type voltage reference implemented on a 0.6μm BICMOS process. Low supply voltage, good power supply rejection, reduced process dependency, low Long Term Drift (LTD) with capability of an easy and effective Temperature Coefficient (TC) trim are all features of the presented architecture. Good simulated performance and very promising silicon results with standard deviation of 9.31mV, a mean value of 4.786V and temperature coefficient after trimming of less than 1.5ppm/°C were obtained for all tested parts.
ChemInform Abstract: The Electrochemical Synthesis of Telluride Zintl Anions. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Berberine Suppresses Colonic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Murine Colitis Through Inhibition of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Activity (2020)

Ulcerative colitis (UC) causes chronic inflammation and damage to the colonic mucosal layer. Recent studies have reported significant changes in phosphatidylcholine (PC) and lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in UC patients and oral administration of PC has considerable therapeutic effects against UC, suggesting the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine may be involved in the UC development. Our previous work has demonstrated that berberine effectively suppresses inflammation and protects colonic mucosa injury in DSS-induced colitic mice. However, whether the therapeutic effects of berberine are attributed to its action on the PC metabolism remains unknown. In the present study, we have shown that berberine significantly reduces the lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) levels in the sera of DSS-induced experimental colitis mice and LPS-stimulated macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. The cytosolic phospholipase A2a (PLA2G4A), an enzyme for hydrolyzing PC to LPC, was found to be up-regulated in the colon tissue of experimental colitis mice and inflamed macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. We then demonstrated berberine inhibits the phosphorylation of cytosolic phospholipase A2a (PLA2G4A) in the colon tissue of experimental colitis mice and inflamed macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Subsequently, we revealed berberine suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory factors including TNF-alpha and IL-6 through regulating PLA2G4A dysfunction in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Mechanistically, we found that berberine directly binds to PLA2G4A and inhibits MAPK/JNK signaling pathway to inhibit PLA2G4A activity in inflammatory status. Therefore, we concluded that berberine inhibits colonic PLA2G4A activity to ameliorate colonic inflammation in experimental colitic mice, suggesting modulation of the PC metabolism via PLA2G4A might be beneficial for establishing new therapies strategy for UC.
Nonlinear Absorption Measurements of Aza-Borondipyrromethene Dyes by the Z-Scan Method (2019)

We studied the effects of bromine substitution on the nonlinear absorption properties of aza-dipyrromethene dyes. Nonlinear absorption is measured at wavelengths of 1200, 1500, and 1700nm At 1200nm, excited-state absorption due to two-photon excitation appears, and it is more pronounced in the brominated polymethine cyanine.
Elliptic Flow of Electrons from Beauty-Hadron Decays in Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02  TeV (2021)

The elliptic flow of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity (|y|&lt;0.8) is measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt {s_{NN}}$ = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The azimuthal distribution of the particles produced in the collisions can be parametrized with a Fourier expansion, in which the second harmonic coefficient represents the elliptic flow, $v_2$. The $v_2$ coefficient of electrons from beauty hadron decays is measured for the first time in the transverse momentum ($p_T$) range 1.3–6 GeV/c in the centrality class 30%–50%. The measurement of electrons from beauty-hadron decays exploits their larger mean proper decay length cτ ≈ 500 μm compared to that of charm hadrons and most of the other background sources. The $v_2$ of electrons from beauty hadron decays at midrapidity is found to be positive with a significance of 3.75 σ. The results provide insights into the degree of thermalization of beauty quarks in the medium. A model assuming full thermalization of beauty quarks is strongly disfavored by the measurement at high $p_T$, but is in agreement with the results at low $p_T$. Transport models including substantial interactions of beauty quarks with an expanding strongly interacting medium describe the measurement within uncertainties.
The Use of Closed Incision Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy in Orthopaedic Surgery (2018)

Wound complications and surgical site infections after orthopaedic procedures result in substantial morbidity and costs. Traditional postoperative wound care consists of applying sterile, dry gauze and abdominal pads to the surgical site, with more frequent dressing changes performed in cases in which wound drainage is excessive. Persistent incisional drainage is of particular concern because it increases the risk of deep infection. The use of closed incision negative-pressure wound therapy (ciNPWT) to manage delayed wound healing was first reported a decade ago, and the benefits of this treatment modality include wound contraction with diminished tensile forces, stabilization of the wound environment, decreased edema and improved removal of exudate, and increased blood and lymphatic flow. Numerous trauma, plastic surgery, and general surgery studies have demonstrated that ciNPWT improves wound healing. In orthopaedic surgery, ciNPWT has been shown to be clinically effective for incisions at high risk for perioperative complications. However, specific indications for ciNPWT continue to be defined.
Excess mucus viscosity and airway dehydration impact COPD airway clearance (2019)

The mechanisms by which cigarette smoking impairs airway mucus clearance are not well understood. We recently established a ferret model of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exhibiting chronic bronchitis. We investigated the effects of cigarette smoke on mucociliary transport (MCT).Adult ferrets were exposed to cigarette smoke for 6 months, with <i>in vivo</i> mucociliary clearance measured by technetium-labelled DTPA retention. Excised tracheae were imaged with micro-optical coherence tomography. Mucus changes in primary human airway epithelial cells and <i>ex vivo</i> ferret airways were assessed by histology and particle tracking microrheology. Linear mixed models for repeated measures identified key determinants of MCT.Compared to air controls, cigarette smoke-exposed ferrets exhibited mucus hypersecretion, delayed mucociliary clearance (-89.0%, p<0.01) and impaired tracheal MCT (-29.4%, p<0.05). Cholinergic stimulus augmented airway surface liquid (ASL) depth (5.8±0.3 to 7.3±0.6 µm, p<0.0001) and restored MCT (6.8±0.8 to 12.9±1.2 mm·min<sup>-1</sup>, p<0.0001). Mixed model analysis controlling for covariates indicated smoking exposure, mucus hydration (ASL) and ciliary beat frequency were important predictors of MCT. Ferret mucus was hyperviscous following smoke exposure <i>in vivo</i> or <i>in vitro</i>, and contributed to diminished MCT. Primary cells from smokers with and without COPD recapitulated these findings, which persisted despite the absence of continued smoke exposure.Cigarette smoke impairs MCT by inducing airway dehydration and increased mucus viscosity, and can be partially abrogated by cholinergic secretion of fluid secretion. These data elucidate the detrimental effects of cigarette smoke exposure on mucus clearance and suggest additional avenues for therapeutic intervention.
A semi-flexible kinematic model for serial manipulators (1995)

Summary Structural and control flexibilities affect the absolute precision of serial manipulators. A semi-flexible kinematic model is developed, to improve the absolute static precision. It expands the solid body model by incorporating a spring effect for each joint and a beam effect for each link. Simulation results confirm the adequacy of the model. The dependencies existing between the articulate posture of the manipulator, the effects of the external efforts and the gravitational load on the global structure are properly described. The identifiability of the added parameters is explored on a RR planar robot. It requires efforts and pose errors to be known in the tool frame only.
Coded Hierarchical Modulation for Wireless Progressive Image Transmission (2011)

A robust coded scheme for progressive multimedia transmission is proposed for additive white Gaussian noise, flat Rayleigh fading channels, and frequency-selective channels using different unequal error protection methods in combination. Hierarchical modulation is coupled with a packetization/combining strategy and an efficient channel encoder consisting of a cyclic redundancy check outer coder concatenated with an inner rate-compatible punctured convolutional coder. Distortion-optimal hierarchical parameters are jointly chosen with the set of channel coding parameters on a packet-switched wireless network with fixed length packets. A lower bound for the performance improvement of the proposed system is derived and shown to give significant gains at lower packet sizes and higher transmission rates. The proposed system is also shown to outperform several existing schemes for realistic wireless channels.
The Value of MRI and Clinical Features in Differentiating Between Cellular and Fibrous Solitary Fibrous Tumors (2016)

Fibrous SFTs have nonspecific findings with regard to signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images and enhancement patterns on DCE-MRI, whereas cellular SFTs show high signal intensity on T2-weighted images and rapid initial enhancement on DCE-MRI.
Antitumor Activity of Cytogenin. (1995)

Antitumor effect of cytogenin against IMC carcinoma in mice was investigated. Since cytogenin did not show cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro at 50 micrograms/ml and toxicity at more than 2,000 mg/kg i.p., it was considered that the antitumor effect is due to host mediated events. Cytogenin showed antitumor activity against a syngeneic murine transplantable tumor, IMC carcinoma by oral administration depending upon schedule of administration. The optimum effect was observed by the administration starting day 8 after transplantation of tumor cells, every other day for 10 times or every 2nd day for 7 times. The antitumor effect was reduced in immunosuppressed mice given anti-asialo GM1 serum and in athymic mice, but not in mice irradiated with X ray. The antitumor effector cells activated by cytogenin were determined to be macrophages and T cells.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Adjuvant Immunotherapy to Improve Outcome in High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DC phenotypes reveal consistent pattern of activation.&lt;/p&gt;
Two highly efficient syntheses of scalemic azocines (1996)

Two approaches to the synthesis of disubstituted azocines in scalemic form, via intramolecular alkylation and olefin metathesis, respectively, are described.
Chiral recognition and the determination of optical purity of some amino acid ester salts using monosaccharides as chiral selectors under liquid secondary ion mass spectral conditions† (1999)

Naturally occuring monosaccharides D-mannose, D-galactose and D-glucose have been used for the first time as co-matrices for chiral recognition and for the determination of optical purity of the enantiomers of α-amino acid methyl ester hydrochlorides.
Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and PSA Density: Racial Differences in Men Without Prostate Cancer (1997)

Published criteria for normal PSA level and density have been derived primarily from white men and may not be directly applicable to other populations. Race-specific data are needed to fully optimize PSA as a tumor marker in racial populations that are at high risk for prostate cancer death.
Organic Transistors (2010)

Abstract Organic transistors are field‐effect transistors in which the semiconductor is a thin film of a conjugated organic material. As organic semiconductors can often be processed at or near room temperature, this allows the implementation of electronic functionality on large‐area flexible substrates for a variety of emerging applications.
Adventitious Virus Detection in Cells by High-Throughput Sequencing of Newly Synthesized RNAs: Unambiguous Differentiation of Cell Infection from Carryover of Viral Nucleic Acids (2019)

The use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to identify viruses in biologicals differs from current molecular approaches, since its use enables an unbiased approach to detection without the need to design specific primers to preamplify target sequences. Its broad range of detection and analytical sensitivity make it an important tool to ensure that biologicals are free from adventitious viruses. Similar to other molecular methods, however, identification of viral sequences in cells by HTS does not prove viral infection, since this could reflect carryover of inert viral sequences from reagents or other sources or the presence of transcriptionally inactive cellular sequences. Due to the broad range of detection associated with HTS, the above can potentially be perceived as a drawback for the testing of pharmaceutical biological products using this method. In order to avoid the identification of inert viral sequences, we present a methodology based on metabolic RNA labeling and sequencing, which enables the specific identification of newly synthesized viral RNAs in infected cells, resulting in the ability to unambiguously distinguish active infection by DNA or RNA viruses from inert nucleic acids. In the present study, we report the ability to differentiate Vero cells acutely infected by a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus (tick-borne encephalitis virus) from cells which have been in contact with nonreplicating virus particles. Additionally, we also found a laboratory contamination by the squirrel monkey retrovirus of our Vero cell line, which was derived from an Old World (African green) monkey, a type of contamination which until now has been identified only in cells derived from primates from the New World.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The use of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) to identify viral contamination of biological products is extremely sensitive and provides a broad range of detection. Nevertheless, viral sequences identified can also be inert. Examples include contamination resulting from reagents or the presence of inactivated viruses in animal-derived components of the cell culture medium. We therefore developed a method that relies on the sequencing of newly synthesized RNAs, an unequivocal sign of the presence of a transcriptionally active virus. This improvement in the specificity of viral testing increases the acceptability of HTS as a standard test for cells used in manufacturing biologicals and in biotherapies.
Integration of SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films for high density ferroelectric random access memory (2006)

Ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) is an attractive candidate technology for embedded nonvolatile memory, especially in applications where low power and high program speed are important. Market introduction of high-density FeRAM is, however, lagging behind standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) because of the difficult integration technology. This paper discusses the major integration issues for high-density FeRAM, based on SrBi2Ta2O9 (strontium bismuth tantalate or SBT), in relation to the fabrication of our stacked cell structure. We have worked in the previous years on the development of SBT-FeRAM integration technology, based on a so-called pseudo-three-dimensional (3D) cell, with a capacitor that can be scaled from quasi two-dimensional towards a true three-dimensional capacitor where the sidewalls will importantly contribute to the signal. In the first phase of our integration development, we integrated our FeRAM cell in a 0.35μm CMOS technology. In a second phase, then, possibility of scaling of our cell is demonstrated in 0.18μm technology. The excellent electrical and reliability properties of the small integrated ferroelectric capacitors prove the feasibility of the technology, while the verification of the potential 3D effect confirms the basic scaling potential of our concept beyond that of the single-mask capacitor. The paper outlines the different material and technological challenges, and working solutions are demonstrated. While some issues are specific to our own cell, many are applicable to different stacked FeRAM cell concepts, or will become more general concerns when more developments are moving into 3D structures.
Predicting charge-times of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (2009)

A novel method of validation of the mathematical model for batteries that power Medtronic's Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators (ICDs) is presented. In a conventional approach used in the past, the model has been validated against data collected in controlled laboratory conditions. To supplement this approach, we now validate the model against ICD performance data reported from devices used in the field for periods ranging from about five to seven years. The key model output is ICD "charge time" - the time required to charge a high voltage capacitor in preparation to deliver shock to the heart. This validation is carried out for five of Medtronic's ICD designs and very close agreement is obtained between model predictions and field data.
Holographic RAM for optical fiber communications (2000)

Preliminary experimentation of angle-multiplexed high- efficiency volume holograms at 1550 nm is presented. It exploits two-color technique by recording digital bytes at 488 nm in iron-doped lithium niobate and retrieving them in near infrared. The stored database constitutes a first holographic memory for optical fiber communication systems.
TNF Skews Monocyte Differentiation from Macrophages to Dendritic Cells (2003)

Monocytes represent a large pool of circulating precursors of APCs, both macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). It is thus important to identify the mechanisms by which microenvironment regulates monocyte differentiation. We have previously shown that, upon contact with resting stromal cells such as fibroblasts, monocytes differentiate into macrophages in an IL-6/M-CSF-dependent fashion. Yet, in the inflamed tissue, monocytes need to yield DCs for the adaptive immunity to be induced. Inasmuch as TNF and IL-1 are present at the site of inflammation, we tested their capacity to modulate monocyte differentiation into either macrophages or DCs. TNF, but not IL-1, induce monocytes to become DCs despite the presence of fibroblasts. TNF-induced DCs contain Langerin-positive cells and are able to induce allogenic T cell proliferation. Then, TNF was found to decrease the expression and internalization of the M-CSF receptor, thus overriding the IL-6/M-CSF pathway. Thus, TNF facilitates the induction of adaptive immunity by promoting DC differentiation not only from CD34+ progenitors but also from CD14+ blood precursors.
EQUAL: Improving the Fidelity of Quantum Annealers by Injecting Controlled Perturbations (2022)

Quantum computing is an information processing paradigm that uses quantum-mechanical properties to speedup computationally hard problems. Gate-based quantum computers and Quantum Annealers (QAs) are two commercially available hardware platforms that are accessible to users today. Although promising, existing gate-based quantum computers consist of only a few dozen qubits and are not large enough for most applications. On the other hand, existing QAs with few thousand qubits have the potential to solve some domain-specific optimization problems. QAs are single instruction machines and to execute a program, the problem is cast to a Hamiltonian, embedded in the hardware, and a single quantum machine instruction (QMI) is run. Unfortunately, noise and imperfections in hardware result in sub-optimal solutions on QAs even if the QMI is run for thousands of trials.Due to the limited programmability of QAs users execute the same QMI for all trials. This subjects all trials to a similar noise profile throughout the execution, resulting in a systematic bias. We observe that systematic bias leads to sub-optimal solutions and cannot be alleviated by executing more trials or using existing error-mitigation schemes. To address this challenge, we propose EQUAL (Ensemble QUantum AnneaLing). EQUAL generates an ensemble of QMIs by adding controlled perturbations to the program QMI. When executed on the QA, the ensemble of QMIs steers the program away from encountering the same bias during all trials and thus, improves the quality of solutions. Our evaluations using the 2041-qubit D-Wave QA show that EQUAL bridges the difference between the baseline and the ideal by an average of 14% (and up to 26%) without requiring any additional trials. EQUAL can be combined with existing error mitigation schemes to further bridge the difference between the baseline and ideal by an average of 55% (and up to 68%).
KIDNEY BIOPSY FINDINGS IN FAMILIAL CHLORIDE DIARRHOEA (1967)

ABSTRACT Percutaneous renal biopsies from seven children with familial chloride diarrhoea were studied. The age of the patients ranged from one month to three and a half years. Typical potassium losing nephropathy was observed in the three youngest children. Nephrocalcinosis was found in all the biopsies. Hyperplasia of the juxtaglomerular apparatus was present in all children. Arteriolar and arterial changes resembling those seen in hypertensive disease were observed. On the basis of these findings a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of the syndrome is presented.
Identification of Pure Beta Nuclides with Very Near Maximum Energies Using a GM Counter and Thin Absorbers (2005)

A method for identifying 14C from 35S having very near maximum energies was devised by using a GM counterand thin absorbers.Differentiation was conducted by using attenuation rates of 14C and 35S in a low energy regionwithout determining their maximum ranges.35S can be discriminated from 14C by measuring twice.
Phonons in amorphous silica (1977)

A new theory of lattice vibrations in amorphous silicon dioxide is presented in which the randomness of the solid is treated separately from its chemistry. The theory attributes all measurable properties of phonons in silica to the nearly crystalline nearest-neighbor geometry of the lattice and to the disruptive effects of bondangle disorder. Neutron, infrared, and Raman spectra are calculated and compared with experiment. The theory is an application of the recently developed cluster-Bethe-lattice approach to studying amorphous solids.