gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiochemical and thermal characterisation of faba bean starch (2022)

Abstract The structure and physicochemical properties of starch isolated from the cotyledon and hull of faba beans and from wheat (as reference) were examined using 16 different methods. The amylose content in faba bean cotyledon and hull starch was 32% and 36%, respectively, and that in wheat starch was 21%. The faba bean cotyledon and hull starch were structurally alike both displaying C-polymorphic pattern, a similar degree of branching and similar branch chain length distributions. Wheat starch had a significantly greater prevalence of short amylopectin chains (DP &lt; 12) and a higher degree of branching. Granules in both faba bean starches exhibited surface cracks and were more homogenous in size than the smoother wheat starch granules. Gelatinisation temperature was higher for the faba bean starches, likely as an effect of high amylose content and longer starch chains delaying granular swelling. Cotyledon starch produced pastes with the highest viscosities in all rheological measurements, probably owing to larger granules. Higher prevalence of lipids and resistant starch reduced the viscosity values for hull starch. For all starches, viscosity increased at faster heating rates. During the rheological analyses, the samples were exposed to different instruments, heating rates and temperatures ranges, differing from standard rheological procedures, which could help predict how different processing techniques effect the final starch textures. Graphical abstract
A simple multiband approach for solving frequency dependent problems in numerical time domain methods (2011)

With the rapid growth of computational power and recent advances in GP-GPU technology, &#13;\nnumerical time domain methods are becoming increasingly popular for room acoustics applications &#13;\ndue to their accuracy, simplicity and ease of implementation. However, in order to model realistic &#13;\nspaces one should consider boundary conditions and source directivity functions as empirically &#13;\nmeasured frequency dependent quantities. Previously suggested methods rely on performing time &#13;\ndomain convolution or employing recursive filters at the boundaries of the domain. Although shown &#13;\nto be highly accurate, these formulations normally involve complex implementations which not only &#13;\nreduce the attractiveness of using such methods, but may also result in computationally expensive &#13;\nalgorithms. In this paper we examine a straightforward approach for solving such frequency &#13;\ndependent problems at the expense of being able to run a single broadband simulation. Using the &#13;\nfinite difference time domain (FDTD) method, a number of band-limited frequency independent &#13;\nsimulations are initiated in intervals depending on the availability of empirical impedance and &#13;\ndirectivity data and the desired spectral resolution. Generated impulse responses are filtered &#13;\naccording to their respective frequency bandwidths and summed to produce a single frequency &#13;\ndependent impulse response. Intermediate values are automatically interpolated based on the &#13;\ncharacteristics of the chosen post processing filters. Results are analysed and validated and &#13;\nagreement with theoretical models is shown.
A Series <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${N}$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Path Code Selective Filter for Transmitter Rejection in Full-Duplex Communication (2018)

A series code selective filter (CSF) for full-duplex communication is presented. The CSF passes a desired signal in a frequency band only when the signal is tagged with a pseudonoise (PN) code that matches the code at the filter. This approach is shown to reject a transmit signal in the same band as a desired receive signal. The coded transmitter signal is orthogonal through appropriate code selection from a codebook and the PN sequence spreads the signal energy outside the filter bandwidth (BW). The CSF achieves a self-interference rejection of 23.2 dB over a 10-MHz BW using on-chip generated Walsh codes. The CSF operates from 300 to 675 MHz and consumes 28.2 mA from a 1-V supply at 500 MHz. The CSF achieves an IIP3 of 15.7 dBm. The CSF was implemented in a 45-nm CMOS silicon on insulator process and occupies an area of 0.9 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Morphology, electrical resistance, electromagnetic interference shielding and mechanical properties of functionalized MWNT and poly(urea urethane) nanocomposites (2006)

Abstract The functionalized multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) had been prepared by free radical reaction with vinyltriethoxysilane. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)‐based poly(urea urethane) (PUU) was also synthesized. PUU was further end‐capped with aminopropyltriethoxysilane (A‐silane), or with phenyltrimethoxysilane (P‐silane). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectra and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed the functionalization of MWNT. The M n and M w of PUU were 85,123 and 235,876 g/mol, respectively. Both A‐silane end‐capped PUU and P‐silane end‐capped PUU showed improved dispersion of MWNT compared with that of PUU and MWNT. Moreover, the reduced discrepancy of surface electrical resistance of the two sides of the MWNT/PUU nanocomposite film was found due to the homogeneous dispersion of MWNT. The microwave absorption and tensile strength of MWNT/PUU were also improved by the well dispersion of MWNT in PUU matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1096–1105, 2006
TCAD and SPICE modeling help solve ESD protection issues in analog CMOS technology (2003)

The number of circuit design iterations due to electrostatic discharge (ESD) failures increases with the complexity of VLSI technologies and the shrinkage of their dimensions. In this paper, we show how TCAD and ESD SPICE modeling can be used to solve ESD protection issues in an analog CMOS technology.
ChemInform Abstract: Allylic Alcohols as Radical Allylating Agents. An Overall Olefination of Aldehydes and Ketones. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MARKERLESS GESTURE RECOGNITION ACCORDING TO BIOMECHANICAL CONVENTION (2014)

During rehabilitation it is important to perform determined exercises according to joint biomechanics in order to achieve the right improvements. In order to rehabilitation systems and applications to be able of recognizing movements according to these necessities, this paper proposes a gesture recognition method developed considering International Society of Biomechanics standards for upper and lower limbs. Joints positions were obtained through Kinect sensor and the angles between consecutive joints associated with normal vectors of the anatomic planes were computed based on body references. Movements of upper and lower limbs were classified according to the biomechanical standards. All movements were tested by a specialized physiotherapist. Each movement was performed 60 times: 20 correct executions at normal velocity, 20 fast and 20 wrong performances. These movements were submitted to different movement tolerance margins in order to analyze the most adequate for applications. The method proposed presented good capability in classifying biomechanical exercises, and therefore, it is indicated as recognition method for rehabilitation applications.
Recent methods for the synthesis of α-acyloxy ketones (2018)

The present review provides a broad description of the methods reported for the synthesis of α-acyloxy ketones and some of their derivatives. α-Acyloxy ketones and their derivatives are vital synthetic intermediates and are ubiquitous as biochemical constituents of living organisms, biologically active natural products and pharmaceuticals. Due to their biological importance, new methods for their synthesis are being continuously developed and documented in the recent past. However, the chemical literature lacks a comprehensive summary on the synthetic methodologies targeting α-acyloxy ketones. In an attempt to fill this void, this review discusses their synthetic procedures developed over time. The synthetic approaches are systematically classified based on the substrates used. The mechanistic details for certain critical cases are also discussed. In the past, preparation of α-acyloxy ketones was reported from functionalized ketones like α-haloketones and diazo esters. Later on, among the reactions that formed the acyloxy ketones, oxidative coupling of ketones with carboxylic acids both under metal and metal-free conditions made their synthesis simple and versatile. Specifically, in the last decade, many oxidative coupling reactions emerged as a powerful tool for the synthesis of α-acyloxy ketones. Quite recently, acyloxy ketones' synthesis has been reported from commercially available alkenes and alkynes through oxidative addition reactions. Subsequently, the mechanistic details for these coupling reactions became interesting to many organic chemists. The asymmetric version of the title compounds hails from their enzymatic resolution to metal catalysed chiral synthesis. Besides, the synthesis of acyloxy ketones from epoxides, alcohols and enamides using various oxidative reagents has also been documented.
Thermoelectric La-doped SrTiO3epitaxial layers with single-crystal quality: from nano to micrometers (2017)

High-quality thermoelectric La<sub>0.2</sub>Sr<sub>0.8</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (LSTO) films, with thicknesses ranging from 20 nm to 0.7 μm, have been epitaxially grown on SrTiO<sub>3</sub>(001) substrates by enhanced solid-source oxide molecular-beam epitaxy. All films are atomically flat (with rms roughness < 0.2 nm), with low mosaicity (<0.1°), and present very low electrical resistivity (<5 × 10<sup>-4</sup> Ω cm at room temperature), one order of magnitude lower than standard commercial Nb-doped SrTiO<sub>3</sub> single-crystalline substrate. The conservation of transport properties within this thickness range has been confirmed by thermoelectric measurements where Seebeck coefficients of approximately -60 μV/K have been recorded for all films. These LSTO films can be integrated on Si for non-volatile memory structures or opto-microelectronic devices, functioning as transparent conductors or thermoelectric elements.
Unsupervised Resource Creation for Textual Inference Applications. (2008)

This paper explores how a battery of unsupervised techniques can be used in order to create large, high-quality corpora for textual inference applications, such as systems for recognizing textual entailment (TE) and textual contradiction (TC). We show that it is possible to automatically generate sets of positive and negative instances of textual entailment and contradiction from textual corpora with greater than 90 % precision. We describe how we generated more than 1 million TE pairs – and a corresponding set of 500,000 TC pairs – from the documents found in the 2 GB AQUAINT-2 newswire corpus. 1.
Enhancer Domains in Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Regulate KIT Expression and Are Targetable by BET Bromodomain Inhibition (2019)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by activating mutations in the related receptor tyrosine kinases KIT and PDGFRA. GIST relies on expression of these unamplified receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) genes through a large enhancer domain, resulting in high expression levels of the oncogene required for tumor growth. Although kinase inhibition is an effective therapy for many patients with GIST, disease progression from kinase-resistant mutations is common and no other effective classes of systemic therapy exist. In this study, we identify regulatory regions of the <i>KIT</i> enhancer essential for <i>KIT</i> gene expression and GIST cell viability. Given the dependence of GIST upon enhancer-driven expression of RTKs, we hypothesized that the enhancer domains could be therapeutically targeted by a BET bromodomain inhibitor (BBI). Treatment of GIST cells with BBIs led to cell-cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cell death, with unique sensitivity in GIST cells arising from attenuation of the <i>KIT</i> enhancer domain and reduced <i>KIT</i> gene expression. BBI treatment in KIT-dependent GIST cells produced genome-wide changes in the H3K27ac enhancer landscape and gene expression program, which was also seen with direct KIT inhibition using a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Combination treatment with BBI and TKI led to superior cytotoxic effects <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, with BBI preventing tumor growth in TKI-resistant xenografts. Resistance to select BBI in GIST was attributable to drug efflux pumps. These results define a therapeutic vulnerability and clinical strategy for targeting oncogenic kinase dependency in GIST. SIGNIFICANCE: Expression and activity of mutant KIT is essential for driving the majority of GIST neoplasms, which can be therapeutically targeted using BET bromodomain inhibitors.
Multicasting in Stochastic MIMO Networks (2014)

Physical-layer multicast transmission, which seeks to deliver information messages to all users simultaneously, is becoming more important in wireless systems with demand for various multimedia mobile applications such as Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Services. The spatial randomness of communicating nodes in a wireless network is one of inevitable uncertainties in the design and analysis of network information flow and connectivity. The use of multiple antennas at both transmitting and receiving nodes is the most promising strategy to increase spectral efficiency and communication reliability as well as to enhance physical-layer confidentiality of wireless systems. In this paper, we characterize multicasting in such a stochastic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network where a probe transmitter broadcasts confidential data with sectorized transmission to legitimate receivers sitting in a region R. We first put forth a measure of the total amount of information flow, called the space-time capacity, into R in a spatial random field of legitimate receivers without accounting for intrinsic confidentiality at the physical layer. We then derive the space-time capacity into the sectoral region R and the nth nearest ergodic capacity in a Poisson field to characterize the spatial average and ordering of MIMO ergodic capacity achieved by legitimate receivers in R. Using the Mar\u{c}enko-Pastur law, we further assess the asymptotic space-time capacity and the nth nearest ergodic capacity per receive antenna as the antenna numbers tend to infinity. In the presence of eavesdropping, we determine a total amount of confidential information flow per receive antenna, called the space-time secrecy rate, into R in Poisson fields of receiving equivalents-with asymptotic arguments. Using an asymptotic secrecy graph on R, we also characterize local confidential connectivity such as the secrecy range, out-degree, and out-isolation probability of the probe transmitter. The framework developed in this work enables us to quantify the local information flow in random MIMO wireless networks by averaging first small-scale fading processes over time and then large-scale path losses over space.
Incoherent solitons in fast and local nonlinear media (2007)

We predict randomly fragmented coherent breathers and partially-coherent spatial solitons in instantaneous and local (e.g. Kerr) nonlinear media.
In vivo quantification of formulated and chemically modified small interfering RNA by heating-in-Triton quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (HIT qRT-PCR) (2010)

While increasing numbers of small interfering RNA (siRNA) therapeutics enter into clinical trials, the quantification of siRNA from clinical samples for pharmacokinetic studies remains a challenge. This challenge is even more acute for the quantification of chemically modified and formulated siRNAs such as those typically required for systemic delivery. Here, we describe a novel method, heating-in-Triton quantitative reverse transcription PCR (HIT qRT-PCR) that improves upon the stem-loop RT-PCR technique for the detection of formulated and chemically modified siRNAs from plasma and tissue. The broad dynamic range of this assay spans five orders of magnitude and can detect as little as 70 pg duplex in 1 g of liver or in 1 ml of plasma. We have used this assay to quantify intravenously administrated siRNA in rodents and have reliably correlated target reduction with tissue drug concentrations. We were able to detect siRNA in rat liver for at least 10 days post injection and determined that for a modified factor VII (FVII) siRNA, on average, approximately 500 siRNA molecules per cell are required to achieve a 50% target reduction. HIT qRT-PCR is a novel approach that simplifies the in vivo quantification of siRNA and provides a highly sensitive and reproducible tool to measure the silencing efficiency of chemically modified and formulated siRNAs.
Angiographic classification of patterns of restenosis following femoropopliteal artery intervention: A proposed scoring system (2017)

A classification system that enables healthcare professionals to anticipate and describe failures following the index procedure, thereby impacting the choice of options for retreatment, may facilitate consistency and standardization within the heterogeneous field of endovascular device treatments for the femoropopliteal artery.
Optoelectronic integrated circuits IX : 22-24 January 2007, San Jose, California (2007)

Trends in OEIC Components and Subsystems; Micro-Cavity OEICs; Microscale/Nanoscale OEICs; Design of OEICs and Their Control ICs; Quantum IT OEICs; OEIC Integration, Packaging and Interconnects I - Joint Session with Conference 6478; OEIC Integration, Packaging and Interconnects II - Joint Session with Conference 6478; Compound Semiconductor OEICs; Polymer OEICs.
NMR Molecular Replacement Provides New Insights into Binding Modes to Bromodomains of BRD4 and TRIM24 (2022)

Structure-based drug discovery (SBDD) largely relies on structural information from X-ray crystallography because traditional NMR structure calculation methods are too time consuming to be aligned with typical drug discovery timelines. The recently developed NMR molecular replacement (<i>N</i>MR<sup>2</sup>) method dramatically reduces the time needed to generate ligand-protein complex structures using published structures (apo or holo) of the target protein and treating all observed NOEs as ambiguous restraints, bypassing the laborious process of obtaining sequence-specific resonance assignments for the protein target. We apply this method to two therapeutic targets, the bromodomain of TRIM24 and the second bromodomain of BRD4. We show that the <i>N</i>MR<sup>2</sup> methodology can guide SBDD by rationalizing the observed SAR. We also demonstrate that new types of restraints and selective methyl labeling have the potential to dramatically reduce "time to structure" and extend the method to targets beyond the reach of traditional NMR structure elucidation.
Printable, Degradable, and Biocompatible Ion Gels from a Renewable ABA Triblock Polyester and a Low Toxicity Ionic Liquid (2017)

We have designed printable, biocompatible, and degradable ion gels by combining a novel ABA triblock aliphatic polyester, poly(ε-decalactone)-<i>b</i>-poly(dl-lactide)-<i>b</i>-poly(ε-decalactone), and a low toxicity ionic liquid, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide ([P<sub>14</sub>][TFSI]). Due to the favorable compatibility between amorphous poly(dl-lactide) and [P<sub>14</sub>][TFSI] and the insolubility of the poly(ε-decalactone), the triblock polymer forms self-assembled micellar cross-links similar to thermoplastic elastomers, which ensures similar processing conditions and mechanical robustness during the fabrication of printed electrolyte-gated organic transistor devices. Additionally, the ester backbone in the polymer structure enables efficient hydrolytic degradation of these ion gels compared to those made previously using carbon-backbone polymers.
Towards Autonomous VNF Auto-scaling using Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is one of the main enablers behind the promised improvements in the Fifth Generation (5G) networking era. Thanks to this concept, Network Functions (NFs) are evolving into software components (e.g., Virtual Network Functions (VNFs)) that can be deployed in general-purpose servers following a cloud-based approach. In this way, NFs can be deployed at scale, fulfilling a great variety of service requirements. Unfortunately, the complexity in the management and orchestration of NFV-based networks has increased due to the diverse demands from a growing number of network services. Such complexity calls for an automated and autonomous solution that self adapts to the needs of those network services. In this paper, we propose and compare a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) agent, a classical Proportional–Integral–Derivative (PID) controller, and a Threshold (THD)-based algorithm for autonomously determining the amount of VNF instances to fulfill a service latency requirement without knowing or predicting the expected demand. Finally, we present a comparison of the three approaches in terms of created VNFs and peak latency performed in a discrete event simulator.
A Novel Mutation in the Sterol 27-hydroxylase Gene of a Pakistani Family with Autosomal Recessive Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis (1997)

Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CTX) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of lipid storage with prominent neurologic features. The disease is associated with mutations in CYP27, which encodes mitochondrial sterol 27-hydroxylase, an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of sterol intermediates during bile acid synthesis. The loss of this enzyme results in accumulation of cholestanol in the nervous system and other tissues. Six different mutations have been previously described in CTX. We analyzed a Pakistani family, which included four affected individuals with clinical characteristics of CTX, for mutations in CYP27. The exons of CYP27 in the family DNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and analyzed for mutations by band shifts (single stranded conformational polymorphism [SSCP]) and DNA sequencing. The PCR product for exon 4 showed an SSCP change in this family. The DNA of affected individuals showed an abnormal mobility pattern interpreted as homozygous for the mutation. One non-affected sibling was homozygous for the normal migrating pattern, whereas the parents and another non-affected sibling were heterozygous. The sequence of exon 4 of affected individuals showed a substitution of C to T in codon 237, thus substituting arginine to a stop codon. This mutation would terminate the translation, which may result in a protein half the size of the wild type rendering it practically inactive.
Isolation and possible composition of glucosylceramides from Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. (1996)

Twelve different species of neutral monohexosyl ceramides (CMHs) and two species of neutral monohexosyl ceramides were isolated from mycelium and yeast forms of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, respectively, by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography, HPLC, and HPTLC. The glucosylceramides did not react with sera from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Carbohydrate analysis indicated that CMHs contain glucose. Analysis of 1H-NMR and mass spectrometry data suggest that the structure of the CMHs is Glcp beta 1-->Cer (mycelium forms present 12 different ceramides and yeast forms present 2 different ceramides). The composition of the lipid moieties was analyzed by negative fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. No glycosphingolipid other than glucosylceramide was detected in P. brasiliensis.