gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clearance of infection in cats naturally infected with feline coronaviruses is associated with an anti-S glycoprotein antibody response (1999)

We have investigated by Western blotting the antibody responses against the three major structural proteins in cats naturally infected with feline coronaviruses that cleared virus infection (group I), established chronic asymptomatic infection (group II) or were sick (group III). The cats of group I developed an anti-S glycoprotein response that was, relative to the anti-M glycoprotein response, at least 30-fold higher than that of chronically infected cats from groups II and III. These results suggest that the anti-S glycoprotein response against antigenic domains revealed by Western blot is associated with clearance of the virus after natural infection, and is not a risk factor for the establishment of a chronic infection.
Targeting the pregnane X receptor in liver injury (2012)

While evidence of PXR involvement in acute and chronic liver injuries identifies it as a possible therapeutic target, it raises additional concerns for all drug candidates. The in vitro and in vivo tests for human PXR activation should be incorporated into the FDA regulations for therapeutic drug approval to identify potential liver toxicities. In addition, PXR pharmacogenetic studies will facilitate the prediction of patient-specific drug reactivities and associated liver disorders.
Posttranscriptional Regulatory Mechanisms In Escherichia Coli (1988)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
ChemInform Abstract: Selectin Inhibitors (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Locating animals from their sounds and tomography of the atmosphere: Experimental demonstration (1999)

Calling animals are located using widely distributed receivers, and the sounds from the animals are used to map the sound speed and wind fields by means of tomography. In particular, two Red-Winged Blackbirds Agelaius phoeniceus are correctly located within a meter using recordings from five receivers spread over a 20×30-m2 region. The demonstration hinges on two new developments. First, a new algorithm for blindly estimating the impulse response of the channel is shown capable of estimating the differences in the time of first arrivals at two receivers. Since it is known that the first arrivals travel along nearly straight paths, the difference in time constrains the animal’s location to a hyperboloid, and the animal is located by intersecting hyperboloids from many pairs of receivers. Second, in order to accurately find the intersection point and map the sound speed and wind fields using tomography, a nonlinear equation is solved. The new algorithm for blindly estimating the impulse response of a channel offers a new way for locating sounds and making tomographic maps of the environment without any requirement for a model for the propagation of sound such as is needed for focalization, matched field processing, and conventional tomography.
From Easily Oxidized to Easily Reduced Thiophene-Based Materials (1998)

Thiophene-based materials for n-type semiconductor devices? A new strategy towards this goal that consists of chemically transforming the thienyl sulfurs into the corresponding S,S-dioxides (see Figure) is described. This is shown—for quarter- and quinquethiophenes—to lead to very stable oligomers with increased electron delocalization and electron affinity.
Ultra-stable dry cryostat for variable temperature break junction (2021)

We present the design of a variable temperature setup that uses a pulse tube cryocooler to perform break-junction experiments at variable temperatures ranging from 12 K to room temperature. The use of pulse tube coolers is advantageous because they are easy to use, can be highly automatized, and used to avoid wastage of cryogenic fluids. This is the reason why dry cryostats are conquering more and more fields in cryogenic physics. However, the main drawback is the level of vibration that can be up to several micrometers at the cold-head. The vibrations make the operation of scanning probe-based microscopes challenging. We implemented vibration-damping techniques that allow obtaining a vibration level of 12 pm between the tip and sample. With these adaptations, we show the possibility to perform break junction measurements in a cryogenic environment and keep in place atomic chains of a few nanometers between the two electrodes.
Neural Network Based Predictive Emission Monitoring Module for a GE LM2500 Gas Turbine (2010)

A Predictive Emission Monitoring (PEM) model has been developed for a non-DLE GE LM2500 gas turbine used on a natural gas compressor station on the TransCanada Pipeline System in Alberta. The PEM model is based on an optimized Neural Network (NN) architecture which takes four fundamental engine parameters as input variables. The model predicts NOx emission in ppmv-dry-O2 corrected and in kg/hr as NO2. The NN was trained using Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) measurements comprising two sets of actual emission data collected over two different dates in 2009, when the ambient ambient temperatures were vastly different (∼1° C and 24 °C), respectively. These training data were supplemented by other emission data generated by GE ‘Cycle-Deck’ tool to generate emission data at different ambient temperatures ranging from −30 to +30 °C. The outcome is a total of 1872 emission data of engine emissions at different operating conditions covering the range of the engine operating parameters (402 data points from CEM and 1470 data points from GE Cycle-Deck). The PEM model comprises a simple single hidden layer perceptron type NN with only two neurons in it. The performance of the NN-based model showed a correlation coefficient greater than 0.99, and error standard deviation of 4.5 ppmv of NOx and 1.4 kg/hr as NO2. Uncertainty analysis was conducted to assess the effects of uncertainties in the engine parameters on the NOx predictions by PEM. It was shown that for uncertainty in the ambient temperature of ±1 °C, the uncertainty in the NOx prediction is ± 0.9 to ±3.5%. Uncertainties of the order of ±1% in the other three input parameters results in uncertainties in NOx predictions by ±2.5 to ±6%. Finally, the PEM model was implemented in the station CEHM (Compressor Equipment Health Monitoring) system and NOx prediction were reported online on a minutely basis. These data are presented here over the first three months since implementation.
Minocycline Confers Early but Transient Protection in the Immature Brain following Focal Cerebral Ischemia—Reperfusion (2005)

The incidence of neonatal stroke is high and currently there are no strategies to protect the neonatal brain from stroke or reduce the sequelae. Agents capable of modifying inflammatory processes hold promise. We set out to determine whether delayed administration of one such agent, minocycline, protects the immature brain in a model of transient middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in 7-day-old rat pups. Injury volume in minocycline (45 mg/kg/dose, beginning at 2 h after MCA occlusion) and vehicle-treated pups was determined 24 h and 7 days after onset of reperfusion. Accumulation of activated microglia/macrophages, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38 in the brain, and concentrations of inflammatory mediators in plasma and brain were determined at 24 h. Minocycline significantly reduced the volume of injury at 24 h but not 7 days after transient MCA occlusion. The beneficial effect of minocycline acutely after reperfusion was not associated with changed ED1 phenotype, nor was the pattern of MAPK p38 phosphorylation altered. Minocycline reduced accumulation of IL-1beta and CINC-1 in the systemic circulation but failed to affect the increased levels of IL-1beta, IL-18, MCP-1 or CINC-1 in the injured brain tissue. Therefore, minocycline provides early but transient protection, which is largely independent of microglial activation or activation of the MAPK p38 pathway.
Blood pressure studies in two Pacific populations with varying degrees of modernisation. (1980)

The prevalence of hypertension and the change in blood pressure with age were investigated in a Polynesian population (Tuvalu), and in a Micronesian population (Nauru) in the South Pacific region. Hypertension was present in 27.2 percent of the Nauruans and 11.1 percent of the Tuvaluans. Both population groups also showed a rise in mean blood pressure with increasing age--a phenomenon apparently absent in traditional-living populations of the world but present in western societies.
Comparative Pathogenicity ofEscherichia coliO157 and Intimin-Negative Non-O157 Shiga Toxin-ProducingE. coliStrains in Neonatal Pigs (2003)

We compared the pathogenicity of intimin-negative non-O157:H7 Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O91:H21 and O104:H21 strains with the pathogenicity of intimin-positive O157:H7 and O157:H(-) strains in neonatal pigs. We also examined the role of Stx2d-activatable genes and the large hemolysin-encoding plasmid of O91:H21 strain B2F1 in the pathogenesis of STEC disease in pigs. We found that all E. coli strains that made wild-type levels of Stx caused systemic illness and histological lesions in the brain and intestinal crypts, whereas none of the control Stx-negative E. coli strains evoked comparable central nervous system signs or intestinal lesions. By contrast, the absence of intimin, hemolysin, or motility had little impact on the overall pathogenesis of systemic disease during STEC infection. The most striking differences between pigs inoculated with non-O157 STEC strains and pigs inoculated with O157 STEC strains were the absence of attaching and effacing intestinal lesions in pigs inoculated with non-O157:H7 strains and the apparent association between the level of Stx2d-activatable toxin produced by an STEC strain and the severity of lesions.
Development and Testing of an OFDM Physical Layer for the DESERT Simulator (2021)

The realization of efficient, robust, and adaptable applications for the emergent Internet of Underwater Things enables the sustainable and effective conservation and exploitation of our oceans and waterways. Recent advances have focused on Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) physical layers for supporting applications requiring high data rates and swift adaptation to changing underwater conditions. This prompts the need of tools for testing new OFDM-enabled underwater solutions. To this aim, this paper presents the implementation and evaluation of an OFDM-based physical layer module for the popular underwater network simulator DESERT. We aim at modeling the flexibility of the software-defined acoustic SEANet modem by realizing OFDM features that can vary in time, including the number and the selection of subcarriers and their modulation on a per-transmission basis. We demonstrate the usage of the proposed module through the DESERT-based simulation of three simple OFDM-enabled cross-layer MAC protocols in underwater acoustic networks of different sizes. The diverse and detailed set of results are obtained by using our physical layer module simply and swiftly. Our results also confirm the advantages of using the OFDM technology in solutions for underwater networking in challenging environments.
A Machine Learning Technique Regularization of the Inverse Problem in Cardiac Electrophysiology (2013)

Radio-frequency ablation is one of the most efficient treatments of atrial fibrillation. The idea behind it is to stop the propagation of ectopic beats coming from the pulmonary vein and the abnormal conduction pathways. Medical doctors need to use invasive catheters to localize the position of the triggers and they have to decide where to ablate during the intervention. ElectroCardioGraphy Imaging (ECGI) provides the opportunity to reconstruct the electrical potential and activation maps on the heart surface and analyze data prior to the intervention. The mathematical problem behind the reconstruction of heart potential is known to be ill posed. In this study we pro- pose to regularize the inverse problem with a statistically reconstructed heart potential, and we test the method on synthetically data produced using an ECG simulator.
Electroluminescent devices using a high-temperature stable GaN-based phosphor and thick-film dielectric layer (2002)

Red, green, and blue light emission has been obtained from electroluminescent devices on glass using a high-temperature stable (HTS) GaN-based phosphor doped with rare earths (Eu, Er, Tm) and a screen-printed thick-film dielectric layer. The thick-dielectric electroluminescent (TDEL) structure consists of metal/dielectric/GaN/indium-tin-oxide/Corning 1737 glass. The BaTiO/sub 3/-based /spl sim/20-40 /spl mu/m thick-film dielectric layer has a dielectric constant of /spl epsiv//sub r//spl sim/500-1000 and breakdown voltage >300 V. Despite granularity of the dielectric layer, the emission is uniform to well-below pixel dimensions (<10 /spl mu/m). Red GaN:Eu TDEL operated at 240 V and 1 kHz exhibits a luminance of 35-40 cd/m/sup 2/. Under 140 lux illumination, the TDEL device structure exhibits a contrast ratio of 5:1 at 120 V, 1 kHz biasing, without the assistance of contrast-enhancement techniques. Accelerated aging tests of TDEL devices show 60 Hz operating lifetimes exceeding 1000 h at >95% brightness. The TDEL structure has advantages over current thin-film and thick-dielectric electroluminescent structures in flat panel display applications.
Acoustic waves in characterizing biological materials: From molecules to soft tissue and bone. A review (2012)

Various types of acoustic waves: bulk compressional, shear, surface, and numerous modes of guided waves, are used for characterizing structure and composition of biological media. Bulk waves can be used to assess the composition of biological fluids, such as blood, plasma, milk, urine, stomach juice, and biopolymers in solutions and both bulk and shear waves can be used when characterizing soft tissues. While the assessment of skin is primarily performed using surface waves; various modes of guided waves are used to characterize bone and blood vessels. Historically, the problem of acoustic characterization of tissue properties became a hot topic in the early 1970s in conjunction with the emergence and great success of ultrasonography. The idea of remotely assessing the properties of tissue in a region of interest, as seen on an ultrasonic image, attracted the attention of numerous researchers, but until recently and despite intensive studies and great expectations, not many examples of acoustic characterization of tissue properties made a significant impact. Only in the last decade, this idea started to bring first fruits and is being implemented in commercial devices which are using shear elasticity modulus of tissue as a characterization parameter.
Abstract C151: Contribution of serine, folate, and glycine metabolism to the ATP, NADPH, and purine requirements of cancer cells. (2013)

Abstract Background: Recent observations on cancer cell metabolism indicate increased serine synthesis from glucose as a marker of poor prognosis. Expression of genes in this pathway also correlate with sensitivity to the antifolate methotrexate (Vazquez A, et al, Cancer Res. 2013 Jan 15;73(2):478-82). Using a large-scale model of human cell metabolism we have predicted that serine synthesis can be routed to a pathway for ATP production. The pathway is composed by reactions from the serine synthesis, one carbon (folate) metabolism and the glycine cleavage system (SOG pathway) and its flux is predicted to increase at high proliferation rates. Results: Here we show that the SOG pathway is upregulated at the level of gene expression in a subset of human tumors and its level of expression correlates with gene signatures of cell proliferation and Myc targets activation. To investigate the activity of the SOG pathway at the level of metabolic fluxes we estimated the metabolic fluxes of the NCI60 panel of tumor derived cell lines, using previously reported exchange fluxes and a flux balance model of cell metabolism. We show that the estimated rates of reactions in the SOG pathway are highly correlated with the proliferation rates of these cell lines. We also find that the SOG pathway contributes significantly to the energy requirements of biosynthesis, the NADPH requirements of fatty acid synthesis and to the synthesis of purines. Finally, when the PC-3 prostate cancer cell line is subject to treatment with the antifolate methotrexate, we observe a decrease in the ATP levels, an inhibition of the proliferation rate and a decrease in the ribonucleotides and fatty acids synthesized from glucose. Conclusions: Taken together our results indicate that the SOG pathway activity increases with the rate of cell proliferation and it contributes to the biosynthetic requirements of purines, ATP and NADPH. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):C151. Citation Format: Philip M. Tedeschi, Elke K. Markert, Murugesan Gounder, HongXia Lin, Sonia C. Dolfi, Leo Li-Ying Chan, Jean Qiu, Kim M. Hirshfield, Laszlo G. Boros, Joseph R. Bertino, Zoltan N. Oltvai, Alexei Vazquez. Contribution of serine, folate, and glycine metabolism to the ATP, NADPH, and purine requirements of cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C151.
An analysis of screen reader use in India (2012)

We present the results of two surveys and a qualitative interview-based study with users of screen readers in India. Our early interviews moved us in the direction of examining patterns that differentiate users of two particular software applications -- the dominant market standard JAWS and the free, open source challenger NVDA. A comparison between the two is timely and particularly relevant to issues elsewhere in the developing world. In the short term, the question of choosing one application over another could be based on price and support for custom-made applications, but in the long term, issues of language support are likely to be of concern as well. We explore software adoption behavior and present results that show the relationship between the quality of audio and peoples' willingness to use one software over another. We also compare the switch from JAWS to NVDA to other kinds of switches from dominant software to open source options. In conclusion, we discuss the business aspects of screen readers and examine why the comparison between these two applications is particularly important in the discussion on accessible personal computing for people with vision impairments in the developing world.
Non-redundant properties of IL-1α and IL-1β during acute colon inflammation in mice (2013)

The role of IL-1α and IL-1β differs in DSS-induced colitis in that IL-1α, mainly of colon epithelial cells is inflammatory, whereas IL-1β, mainly of myeloid cell origin, promotes healing and repair. Given the dissimilar functions of each IL-1 agonistic molecule, an IL-1 receptor blockade would not be as therapeutically effective as specific neutralising of IL-1α, which leaves IL-1β function intact.
Strong stripes as a paradigm of quasi-topological hysteresis (1994)

Micromagnetic numerical computations are used to simulate the equilibrium magnetization distribution within (periodic) stripe patterns in thin films with a canted easy axis and intermediate quality factor. Two thicknesses are considered, either close to the critical thickness for domain nucleation in zero field or in fair excess of this last quantity. Several micromagnetic structural transitions are observed to take place under the action of an external field applied along the stripe’s elongation direction. The computed intrinsic hysteresis curves prove to be in excellent agreement with experimental data, provided some degree of heterogeneous nucleation is accounted for. Although all computed equilibrium structures are homotopic to a point, transient magnetization distributions are shown to be just filling the order parameter space. For this reason, the transitions and the intrinsic hysteresis phenomena are termed quasi-topological.
WKB Approximation to the Thin Shell Equations. (2014)

Abstract not provided.
High-Reliability Multi-Agent Q-Learning-Based Scheduling for D2D Microgrid Communications (2019)

This paper proposes a multi-agent Q-learning-based resource allocation algorithm that allows long-term evolution (LTE)-enabled device-to-device (D2D) communication agents to generate the orthogonal transmission schedules outside the network coverage. This algorithm reduces packet drop rates (PDR) in distributed D2D communication networks to meet the quality-of-service requirements of the microgrid communications. The data traffic characteristics of three archetypal smart grid applications, namely demand response, solar, and generation forecasting, and synchrophasor communications, were simulated under seven different traffic congestion scenarios, where the total aggregate throughput of users ranged from 50% to 140% channel utilization. The PDR and latency performance of the proposed algorithm were compared with the existing random self-allocation mechanism introduced under the Third-Generation Partnership Project's LTE Release 12 standard for such scenarios. Our algorithm outperformed the LTE algorithm for all tested scenarios, demonstrating 20%-40% absolute reductions in PDR and 10-20-ms reductions in latency for all microgrid applications. The use of our algorithm in a simulated D2D-enabled demand response application resulted in a hundredfold reduction in power oscillations about the desired power flows.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Ring‐Closing Metathesis and the Development of Enantioselective Processes (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Recent Advancements in Optical Orbital-Angular-Momentum Multiplexing (2014)

This tutorial discusses recent advancements in OAM-multiplexed systems. High-capacity transmission of OAM-multiplexed data channels in free-space and fiber links is presented along with an overview of key challenges in OAM-based systems.
66‐4: High Brightness Active Matrix Micro‐LEDs with LTPS TFT Backplane (2018)

We report the active matrix micro‐LEDs (AMLEDs) with high brightness over 40,000 cd/m 2 . Active‐matrix low temperature poly‐Si TFT with mobility over 150 cm 2 /Vs by using blue laser annealing is used for AMLEDs. A 256 pixels micro‐LED with ~ 40,000 cd/m 2 at the driving current of 10 mA is fabricated and then 1,024 pixels micro‐LED is demonstrated using Au bonding on the LTPS TFT backplane.