gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital control of three-phase series converter for DFIG wind turbine low voltage ride-through solution (2011)

This paper introduces a new solution for Doubly-Fed Induction Generators (DFIG) to stay connected to the grid during short circuit condition. The main idea is to increase the stator voltage to a level that creates the required flux to keep the rotor side converter current below its transient rating. To accomplish this goal, a series compensator is added to inject voltage, during the short circuit, in series to the stator side line. Digital deadbeat controller is designed, implemented, and applied to a three-phase series converter. The proposed controller adjusts the series converter voltage with four sampling periods. Since the turbine and converter stay connected, the synchronization of operation remains established during and after the fault and normal operation can be resumed immediately after the fault is cleared. Simulation and experimental results are presented, which show the feasibility of the proposed controller for this topology.
High-temperature ultrasonic characterization of Ag-clad superconductor tapes (1995)

An ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation technique was developed to monitor liquid-phase evolution during heat treatment of high-T/sub c/ superconductors. The liquid phase is essential for microstructural and phase development of superconductors and is important in fabricating conductors with high critical current density, J/sub c/. Tapes were fabricated by a powder-in-tube process and then placed in a controlled-atmosphere furnace. During heat treatment, a magnetostrictive transducer launches a 140-kHz wave into the sample, and the relative change in acoustic velocity is then measured. A significant decrease in velocity was seen at the incongruent melting temperatures of Bi-based superconductors. In addition, Ag-clad tapes with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and NaCl cores were used to validate the measurement technique. Advantages of this approach over other thermal analysis methods include in-situ analysis of final tape form, monitoring of isothermal liquid evolution, control of volatile species such as Tl and Pb.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Rational Design of a Bisphenol A Aptamer Selective Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Nanoprobe (2014)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) optical nanoprobes offer a number of advantages for ultrasensitive analyte detection. These functionalized colloidal nanoparticles are a multifunctional assay component. providing a platform for conjugation to spectral tags, stabilizing polymers, and biorecognition elements such as aptamers or antibodies. We demonstrate the design and characterization of a SERS-active nanoprobe and investigate the nanoparticles' biorecognition capabilities for use in a competitive binding assay. Specifically, the nanoprobe is designed for the quantification of bisphenol A (BPA) levels in the blood after human exposure to the toxin in food and beverage plastic packaging. The nanoprobes demonstrated specific affinity to a BPA aptamer with a dissociation constant Kd of 54 nM, and provided a dose-dependent SERS spectra with a limit of detection of 3 nM. Our conjugation approach shows the versatility of colloidal nanoparticles in assay development, acting as detectable spectral tagging elements and biologically active ligands concurrently.
Life expectancy and early detection of neoplasia: One stop screening for multiple cancer types—11 year (2006-2017) experience of an integrated cancer prevention center (ICPC). (2018)

e13553 Background: Cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Methods: Screening of healthy individuals (20-80 years) at the ICPC included 11 most common cancer types. Extensive clinical and epidemiological data was obtained. Peripheral blood DNA was genotyped for APC I1307K and E1317Q. Subjects were examined by specialists in internal medicine, surgery, plastic surgery, OBGYN, urology, oncology, oral surgery, gastroenterology, and others when indicated. Women (all ages) underwent vaginal US and pap smear and (40 yr) mammography and US/MRI when indicated. PSA and free PSA for Men ( > 40 yr). LDCT for heavy smokers. Colonoscopy to all subjects ( > 40 yr). Results: 7067 (49.4%) men and 7240 women mean age 46.69±11.5 years. 647 new lesions were detected among 602 (4.21%). Over half of them were malignant (366, 56.6%). Skin (105, 0.73%), breast (44, 0.31%), prostate (35, 0.24%), thyroid (31, 0.22%), CRC (24, 0.17%), ovarian (19, 0.13%), urinary (17, 0.12%), lung (15, 0.10%), hematology (15, 0.10%), cervical (14, 0.10%) and oropharynx (11, 0.08%). Patients with newly diagnosed cancers began screening at a significantly older age (55±13 years, P < 0.0001). In 23 (0.16%) more than one cancer was detected. Among cancer patients 6.0% died after 33±26 months at a mean age of 69±13 years. Their survival rate was similar to the general population. The APC I1307K and E1317Q variants were detected in 572 (4.8%) and 182 (1.5%) subjects respectively. First-degree family member with cancer (OR = 1.8), I1307K carriership (OR = 1.4), female gender (OR = 1.3) and advanced age (OR = 1.1) were all associated with statistically significant (P < 0.05) increased cancer risk. Advanced age and first degree family history were also associated with detection of more than one cancer types. Conclusions: One stop shop screening for 11 common cancers is feasible. It can significantly improve morbidity and mortality. The I1307K APC carries an overall increase cancer risk. The life expectancy of cancer patients diagnosed at the ICPC is similar to the general population
Murine Coronavirus Delays Expression of a Subset of Interferon-Stimulated Genes (2010)

The importance of the type I interferon (IFN-I) system in limiting coronavirus replication and dissemination has been unequivocally demonstrated by rapid lethality following infection of mice lacking the alpha/beta IFN (IFN-alpha/beta) receptor with mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), a murine coronavirus. Interestingly, MHV has a cell-type-dependent ability to resist the antiviral effects of IFN-alpha/beta. In primary bone-marrow-derived macrophages and mouse embryonic fibroblasts, MHV replication was significantly reduced by the IFN-alpha/beta-induced antiviral state, whereas IFN treatment of cell lines (L2 and 293T) has only minor effects on replication (K. M. Rose and S. R. Weiss, Viruses 1:689-712, 2009). Replication of other RNA viruses, including Theiler's murine encephalitis virus (TMEV), vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), Sindbis virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and Sendai virus (SeV), was significantly inhibited in L2 cells treated with IFN-alpha/beta, and MHV had the ability to rescue only SeV replication. We present evidence that MHV infection can delay interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) induction mediated by both SeV and IFN-beta but only when MHV infection precedes SeV or IFN-beta exposure. Curiously, we observed no block in the well-defined IFN-beta signaling pathway that leads to STAT1-STAT2 phosphorylation and translocation to the nucleus in cultures infected with MHV. This observation suggests that MHV must inhibit an alternative IFN-induced pathway that is essential for early induction of ISGs. The ability of MHV to delay SeV-mediated ISG production may partially involve limiting the ability of IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) to function as a transcription factor. Transcription from an IRF-3-responsive promoter was partially inhibited by MHV; however, IRF-3 was transported to the nucleus and bound DNA in MHV-infected cells superinfected with SeV.
Kuppfer Cells Trigger Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Development in Diet-induced Mouse Model through Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production (2012)

Myeloid cells-targeted silencing of TNFα might be a tenable therapeutic approach. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), characterized by lipid deposits within hepatocytes (steatosis), is associated with hepatic injury and inflammation and leads to the development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocarcinoma. However, the pathogenic mechanism of NASH is not well understood. To determine the role of distinct innate myeloid subsets in the development of NASH, we examined the contribution of liver resident macrophages (i.e. Kupffer cells) and blood-derived monocytes in triggering liver inflammation and hepatic damage. Employing a murine model of NASH, we discovered a previously unappreciated role for TNFα and Kupffer cells in the initiation and progression of NASH. Sequential depletion of Kupffer cells reduced the incidence of liver injury, steatosis, and proinflammatory monocyte infiltration. Furthermore, our data show a differential contribution of Kupffer cells and blood monocytes during the development of NASH; Kupffer cells increased their production of TNFα, followed by infiltration of CD11b(int)Ly6C(hi) monocytes, 2 and 10 days, respectively, after starting the methionine/choline-deficient (MCD) diet. Importantly, targeted knockdown of TNFα expression in myeloid cells decreased the incidence of NASH development by decreasing steatosis, liver damage, monocyte infiltration, and the production of inflammatory chemokines. Our findings suggest that the increase of TNFα-producing Kupffer cells in the liver is crucial for the early phase of NASH development by promoting blood monocyte infiltration through the production of IP-10 and MCP-1.
Biomaterials and Advanced Biofabrication Techniques in hiPSCs Based Neuromyopathic Disease Modeling (2019)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are reprogrammed somatic cells by defined factors, and have great application potentials in tissue regeneration and disease modeling. Biomaterials have been widely used in stem cell-based studies, and are involved in human iPSCs based studies, but they were not enough emphasized and recognized. Biomaterials can mimic the extracellular matrix and microenvironment, and act as powerful tools to promote iPSCs proliferation, differentiation, maturation, and migration. Many classic and advanced biofabrication technologies, such as cell-sheet approach, electrospinning, and 3D-bioprinting, are used to provide physical cues in macro-/micro-patterning, and in combination with other biological factors to support iPSCs applications. In this review, we highlight the biomaterials and fabrication technologies used in human iPSC-based tissue engineering to model neuromyopathic diseases, particularly those with genetic mutations, such as Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD), Congenital Heart Diseases (CHD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Buck Converter With Merged Active Charge-Controlled Capacitive Attenuation (2011)

This letter introduces a converter and a complementary digital controller that, compared to conventional buck, have a smaller output filter volume, improved dynamic response, and lower switching losses. To reduce the volume and switching losses, the input-to-output voltage difference is decreased with a capacitive attenuator that replaces the input filter capacitor and has approximately the same volume. Both the attenuator and the downstream buck converter share the same set of switches, minimizing conduction losses. A single digital controller governs operation of the both stages. The controller utilizes the inductor current to regulate the center tap voltage, through a charge-control algorithm. During transients, the attenuator is bypassed, so the inductor current slew rate is improved. Experiments with a 5-1.5-V, 2.5-A, 1-MHz prototype show that, compared to the conventional buck, the merged topology has 43% smaller inductor, 36% smaller output capacitor, up to 30% lower power losses, and a 25% faster transient response.
Minimum BER linear transceivers for MIMO channels via primal decomposition (2005)

This paper considers the employment of linear transceivers for communication through multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with channel state information (CSI) at both sides of the link. The design of linear MIMO transceivers has been studied since the 1970s by optimizing simple measures of the quality of the system, such as the trace of the mean-square error matrix, subject to a power constraint. Recent results showed how to solve the problem in an optimal way for the family of Schur-concave and Schur-convex cost functions. In particular, when the constellations used on the different transmit dimensions are equal, the bit-error rate (BER) averaged over these dimensions happens to be a Schur-convex function, and therefore, it can be optimally solved. In a more general case, however, when different constellations are used, the average BER is not a Schur-convex function, and the optimal design in terms of minimum BER is an open problem. This paper solves the minimum BER problem with arbitrary constellations by first reformulating the problem in convex form and then proposing two solutions. One is a heuristic and suboptimal solution, which performs remarkably well in practice. The other one is the optimal solution obtained by decomposing the convex problem into several subproblems controlled by a master problem (a technique borrowed from optimization theory), for which extremely simple algorithms exist. Thus, the minimum BER problem can be optimally solved in practice with very simple algorithms.
Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Urothelial Carcinoma (2016)

While bacillus Calmette-Guérin has demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of patients with bladder cancer, additional therapies are needed for those in whom bacillus Calmette-Guérin fails, as well as for those with advanced disease. Immunotherapy for urothelial carcinoma remains a promising and active area of research, and numerous agents, particularly the monoclonal antibodies targeting checkpoint inhibition pathways, are showing encouraging signs of clinical activity.
Size of the memory for storage of ordered rooted graph (2017)

The paper considers boundaries of memory necessary and sufficient for storage of undirected ordered rooted connected graphs, both numbered and unnumbered. The introduction contains the basic definitions and the problem statement. A graph is rooted if one of its vertices is marked as a root. A graph is ordered if for each of its vertices all the incident edges are ordered (numbered). A graph is numbered if all its vertices are numbered with different integer numbers (from 0 to n -1, where n is the number of vertices). Two undirected ordered graphs G and G` are weakly isomorphic if there exists a one-to-one correspondence between their vertices, for which corresponding vertices has the same degrees (numbers of incident edges) and two edges having corresponding ends and the same numbers in these ends, also have the other ends corresponding. Isomorphism of rooted graphs should also correspond their roots. Isomorphism of numbered graphs should also correspond the vertices with the same numbers. Graphs are considered up to weak isomorphism. It is shown that the memory necessary and sufficient for storage of any graph has the size Q( mlogn ) for numbered graphs, Q( n +( m - n +1) logn ) for unnumbered graphs with the number of vertices n and the number of edges m , and Q( n 2 logn ) for graphs without multiple edges and loops with the number of vertices n . It is also shown that the memory sufficient for storage of an edge sequence of length O ( n ) or a spanning tree, has the O ( nlog ( n D)) or O ( nlog D) size, respectively, where D is the maximum vertex degree.
Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume III: Vision and Vision Optics(set) (2009)

The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource available
Prepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to the fundamentals of the discipline and its greatest minds.

Individual chapters are written by the world's most renowned experts who explain, illustrate, and solve the entire field of optics. Each volume contains a complete chapter listing for the entire Handbook, extensive chapter glossaries, and a wealth of references. This pioneering work offers unprecedented coverage of optics data, techniques, and applications.
Volume III, all in full color, covers vision and vision optics.
Table of contents
Vision
Ch1. Optics of the Eye
Ch2. Visual Performance by Wilson Geisler and Martin Banks
Ch3. Psychophysical Methods by Dennis Pelli and Bart Farell
Ch4. Visual Acuity and Hyperacuity by Gerald Westheimer
Ch5. Optical Generation of the Visual Stimulus by Stephen A. Burns and Robert H. Webb
Ch6. The Maxwellian View Combined with an Addendum on Apodization by Gerald Westheimer
Ch7. Ocular Radiation Hazards by David Sliney
Ch8. Biological Waveguides by Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan and Jay M. Enoch
Ch9. The Problem of Correction for the Stiles-Crawford effect in Radiometry and Photometry by Jay M. Enoch and Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan
Ch10. Colorimetry by David Brainard and Andrew Stockman
Ch11. Color Vision by Andrew Stockman and David Brainard
Ch12. Assessment of Refraction and Refractive Errors and Their Influence on Optical Design by Ralph Chou
Ch13. Binocular Vision Factors That Influence Optical Design by Clifton Schor
Ch14. Optics of Vision in the Aging Eye by John Werner and Brooke Schefrin
Ch15. Adaptive Optics (AO) in Retinal Microscopy and Vision by Donald Miller and Austin Roorda
Ch16. Refractive Surgery, Correction of Vision, PRK and LASIK by Harilaos and Luis Diaz-Santana
Ch17. Corneal Confocal Imaging by Barry Masters
Ch18. Diagnostic Use of Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) in the Eye by Johanes de Boer
Ch19. Graded Index of Refraction (GRIN) Profiling of the Eye Lens by B. Pierscionek
Ch20. Optics of Contact Lenses by E. Bennett
Ch21. Inter-Ocular Lenses (IOL's), Accommodative and Multifocal IOL's by James Schweigerling
Ch22. Displays for Vision Research by William Cowan
Ch23. Visual Problems at Computers by Jeffrey Anshel and James Sheedy
Ch24. Human Vision and Electronic Imaging by Bernice Rogowitz, T.N. Pappas, Jan P. Allerback
Ch25. Visual Factors Associated with Head-Mounted Displays by Brian H. Tsou and Martin Shenker
Advanced patterning approaches based on negative-tone development (NTD) process for further extension of 193nm immersion lithography (2015)

Two approaches which achieve the further evolution of NTD (Negative Tone Development) process are shown in this article. One is ACCEL (Advanced Chemical Contrast Enhancement Layer) process that can improve the lithography performance and the other is DTD (Dual Tone Development) process that can shrink patterning pitch below the limit of single exposure process. ACCEL is an additionally provided layer which is coated on a surface of NTD resist film before exposure and removed by NTD developer. ACCEL can enhance the acid distribution and dissolution contrast of the NTD resist. In fact, lithography performances such as exposure latitude (EL) and DOF improved dramatically by applying ACCEL compared to the NTD resist without ACCEL. We consider that suppression of excessive acid diffusion and material transfer between the resist layer and the ACCEL layer are the causes of the contrast enhancement. DTD process is one of the simplest pitch shrink method which is achieved by repeating PTD and NTD process. Feasibility study of DTD patterning has been demonstrated so far. However, Exposure latitude margin and CDU performance were not sufficient for applying DTD to HVM. We developed the novel DTD specific resist under a new concept, and 32 nm half pitch (hp) contact hole (CH) pattern was successfully formed with enough margins. DTD line and space (L/S) patterning are also demonstrated and 24 nm hp L/S pattern can be resolved. k1 factors of DTD CH and L/S patterns reach to 0.20 and 0.15, respectively.
Estimating Displacement of Periodic Motion With Inertial Sensors (2008)

Inertial sensors, like accelerometers and gyroscopes, are rarely used by themselves to measure displacement. Accuracy of inertial sensors is greatly handicapped by the notorious integration drift, which arises due to numerical integration of the sensors zero bias error. A solution is proposed in this paper to provide drift free estimation of displacement from inertial sensors.
Dose-dependent immunogenicity of H1N1 A/California/7/2009 candidate vaccine in mice. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;CD1 mice were immunized twice with different doses of the candidate vaccine, and HI titers were determined 21 days after the first (d21) and 21 days after the booster immunization (d42) to calculate the percentage of seroconversion (%SC), geometric mean titers (GMT), and effective dose 50 (ED&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt;) based on an HI titer of ≥40.&lt;/p&gt;
Plastics Handbook (2018)

You have accessPlastics HandbookJan 2019Plastics HandbookErwin Baur, Tim A. Osswald, Natalie RudolphErwin Baur, Tim A. Osswald, Natalie Rudolphhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905609.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2018Pages: I-XXIPrint ISBN: 978-1-56990-559-3eISBN: 978-1-56990-560-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2019 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
A Numerical Solution for Broadband PLC Splitter with Variable Splitting Ratio Based on Asymmetric Three Waveguide Structures (2019)

A numerical solution for the broadband planar-lightwave-circuit (PLC) splitter with a variable splitting ratio based on asymmetric three waveguides weighted by the Blackman weighting function is designed for passive optical network applications with wavelengths between 1.53 and 1.57 µm. The performance of the proposed splitter is verified using the beam propagation method (BPM). It was found that a polynomial function of the splitting ratios accompanying a geometrical shift can be derived from the proposed splitter. The splitting ratio can be changed from 50:50 to 90:10 with this geometrical shift. The excess loss, crosstalk, polarization dependent loss, and splitting ratio variations against wavelength of the proposed splitter with wavelengths between 1.53 and 1.57 µm are better than 0.139 dB, −22.75 dB, 0.006 dB, and 0.335%, respectively. Obviously, the proposed splitter with variable splitting ratio retains the advantages of the symmetric design, such as low excess loss, low crosstalk, polarization insensitivity, broadband, and wavelength insensitivity.
Ray-based optical design tool for freeform optics: coma full-field display (2016)

The field of optical fabrication has progressed to a point where manufacturing optical quality freeform surfaces is no longer prohibitive. However, to stimulate the development of freeform systems, optical designers must be provided with the necessary tools. Full-field displays are an example of such a tool. Identifying the field dependence of the dominant aberrations of a freeform system is critical for a controlled optimization and with the help of full-field displays, this can be accomplished. Of specific interest is coma, an often system-limiting aberration and an aberration that has recently been directly addressed with freeform surfaces. In this research, we utilize nodal aberration theory to develop a ray-based method to generate a coma full-field display that circumvents wavefront fitting errors that can affect Zernike polynomial-based full-field displays for highly aberrated freeform starting designs.