gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C‐Alkylation of Peptides through Polylithiated and LiCl‐Solvated Derivatives Containing Sarcosine Li‐Enolate Units (1991)

Abstract The tripeptide and hexapeptide derivatives Boc‐Gly‐Sar‐MeLeu‐OH ( 5b ), Boc‐Ala‐Sar‐Sar‐OH ( 6b ), Boc‐Ala‐Sar‐MeLeu‐OH ( 7b ), and Boc‐Abu‐Sar‐MeLeu‐Val‐MeLeu‐Ala‐OH ( 12b ) can be poly‐deprotonated (tri‐ and pentalithio derivatives K and P , respectively), and thus C ‐alkylated on sarcosine (Sar) moieties with MeI and allyl or PhCH 2 Br. The polylithiated species are solubilized in THF, and their reactivity modified by excess base (lithium diisopropylamide (LDA)), by added LiCl, and/or the cosolvent N , N ′‐dimethylpropyleneurea (DMPU). Optimization of the reaction conditions for methylation in the cases of 7b ( Table 3 ) and 12b ( Scheme 8 ) gave products in which the Sar residue of the educt has been transformed into a Me‐ D ‐Ala unit in yields of 80 ( 9c/8c ) and 67% ( 14c/13c ), respectively, and with a diastereoselectivity of ca. 4:1. Less selective methylations and benzylations were observed with the tripeptides 5b and 6b containing only one stereogenic center; also, excess base and alkyl halide may lead to double alkylations in those latter two cases ( Tables 1 and 2 ). No epimerization of stereogenic centers was detected under the strong‐base conditions. The analysis of the products was accomplished by a combination of NMR and FAB‐MS spectroscopy, as well as by hydrolysis to the parent amino acids, subsequent formation of derivatives with isopropyl isocyanate, and GC analysis on the chiral column Chirasil ‐ Val ®.
Improved Reversible Mapping from Color to Gray (2007)

In the reversible conversion of color images to gray ones, colors are mapped to textures and from the textures the receiver can recover the colors, i.e. one may print a color image with a black and white printer and, at a later time, recover colors. Such a method was originally devised using the wavelet transform and replacing high-frequency subbands by subsampled chrominance planes. Here, we propose to improve the original method thorough the use of a largely redundant representation of the chrominance, with multiple embedding into subbands of a general subband transform. Our results point to minimization of the variance of the error caused by noise when the chrominance is replicated into many subbands and not linearly combined. Derived noise bounds guide us on how many subbands to embed the chrominance. Experimental results were carried for multiple noise levels, models, transform sizes, and number of embedding subbands, demonstrating the theoretical analysis and the method's potential.
Global Steady-State Chaotic Behaviour of Power Systems Containing D.C. (1997)

The steady-state chaotic behaviour of power systems containing dc switching elements is displayed in multiple run diagrams. Poincare sampling bifurcation diagrams, maximum and minimum peak voltage diagrams and diagrams showing all peaks in a waveform indicate transitions in behaviour, overvoltages and waveform distortion respectively.
H84T BanLec has broad spectrum antiviral activity against human herpesviruses in cells, skin, and mice (2022)

H84T BanLec is a molecularly engineered lectin cloned from bananas with broad-spectrum antiviral activity against several RNA viruses. H84T BanLec dimers bind glycoproteins containing high-mannose N-glycans on the virion envelope, blocking attachment, entry, uncoating, and spread. It was unknown whether H84T BanLec is effective against human herpesviruses varicella-zoster virus (VZV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), which express high-mannose N-linked glycoproteins on their envelopes. We evaluated H84T BanLec against VZV-ORF57-Luc, TB40/E HCMV-fLuc-eGFP, and HSV-1 R8411 in cells, skin organ culture, and mice. The H84T BanLec EC<sub>50</sub> was 0.025 µM for VZV (SI<sub>50</sub> = 4000) in human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), 0.23 µM for HCMV (SI<sub>50</sub> = 441) in HFFs, and 0.33 µM for HSV-1 (SI<sub>50</sub> = 308) in Vero cells. Human skin was obtained from reduction mammoplasties and prepared for culture. Skin was infected and cultured up to 14 days. H84T BanLec prevented VZV, HCMV and HSV-1 spread in skin at 10 µM in the culture medium, and also exhibited dose-dependent antiviral effects. Additionally, H84T BanLec arrested virus spread when treatment was delayed. Histopathology of HCMV-infected skin showed no overt toxicity when H84T BanLec was present in the media. In athymic nude mice with human skin xenografts (NuSkin mice), H84T BanLec reduced VZV spread when administered subcutaneously prior to intraxenograft virus inoculation. This is the first demonstration of H84T BanLec effectiveness against DNA viruses. H84T BanLec may have additional unexplored activity against other, clinically relevant, glycosylated viruses.
Synthesis of Monoazo Disperse Dyes from 5‐Amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐(3′, 5′‐disubstituted) s‐Triazinylpyrazoles and a Study of Their Visible Absorption and Dyeing Properties* (1986)

A range of azo disperse dyes was prepared from new coupling components, 5‐amino‐3‐methyl‐1‐(3′, 5′‐disubstituted) s‐triazinylpyrazoles. The new dyes have improved spectral absorption properties over the corresponding 5‐aminophenylpyrazole dyes. The visible spectral and colouristic properties of the 5‐amino‐1 H‐(s‐triazinyljpyrazole and 5‐pyrazolone dyes have been compared with the 5‐amino‐1N‐phenylpyrazole and 5‐pyrazolone dyes.
Conversational Agents (1997)

When you build or buy an agent for the Web, you want it to perform as well as possible. Increasingly, this means your agent should take advantage not only of the Web's information resources, but also of all the other agents that might be operating there.
EXTH-62. PRECLINICAL EFFICACY OF THE IMIPRIDONE ONC-206 AGAINST MEDULLOBLASTOMA (2020)

Abstract Treatment for medulloblastoma (MB) is typically ineffective for MYC amplified or metastatic SHH, Group 3 and 4 subgroups. Promising preclinical and clinical results have been obtained for adult and pediatric malignant glioma treated with ONC-201, a selective antagonist of DRD2, a G-protein coupled receptor that regulates prosurvival pathways. Herein, we report the activity of ONC-201 and ONC-206, which has increased non-competitive antagonism of DRD2, against MB. We treated three different MB cell types representative of SHH- and Group 3-like cells, with varied levels of DRD2 expression, and consistently observed increased cell death in a dose-dependent manner at lower doses of ONC-206 compared to ONC-201. We also evaluated ClpP as an additional drug target in MB. ClpP is a mitochondrial protease that has been shown to directly bind and be activated by ONC 201, and is highly expressed at the protein level across pediatric MB, malignant glioma and ATRT, but not normal brain. We observed that similar to ONC-201, ONC-206 treatment of MB cells induces the restoration of mitochondrial membrane potential to the non-proliferative state, degradation of the mitochondrial substrate SDHB, reduction in survivin and elevation in ATF4 (integrated stress response). Importantly, ONC-206 treatment induced significant cell death of patient-derived SHH, WNT, and Group 3 tumors ex vivo and Group 4 cells in vitro, while having no observable toxicity in normal brain. ONC-206 treatment of a transgenic mouse model of Shh MB in vivo significantly reduces tumor growth and doubles survival time in a dose-dependent manner following 2 weeks of therapy. Additional in vivo data will be reported in preparation for a planned Phase I study of ONC-206 in children with malignant brain tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: THE CHEMISTRY OF EREMOPHILA SPP. XII. A NEW DECIPIENE DITERPENE (1980)

Abstract Dem Hauptterpenoid,aus einer unklassifizierten Eremophila‐Spezies isoliert, wird aufgrund chemischer Reaktionen, IR‐, NMR‐ und massenspektroskopischer Daten sowie einer Röntgenkristallanalyse die Struktur (I) zuerkannt.
Erythrocyte Sodium Sensitivity and Eryptosis in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients (2017)

Higher ESS levels in HD patients indicate a pathologic glycocalyx. ESS and eryptosis were not correlated. The decreased eryptosis postHD may possibly be related to dialytic uremic toxin removal, but is likely multifactorial. The relationship between eryptosis and intracellular ROS warrants further research.
THE FUTURE OF TRANSPORTATION : PLATFORMS OF THE INTELLIGENT VEHICLE INITIATIVE (2003)

This article looks at how the Intelligent Vehicle Initiative (IVI) is being applied to the four primary categories of vehicles: light vehicles, commercial vehicles, transit vehicles, and specialty vehicles. It describes how the IVI addresses the three types of driving conditions that have the greatest potential for being improved. These conditions include: normal driving conditions,degraded driving conditions,and imminent crash situations. The article discusses how technologies, ranging from driver warning systems to vehicle control devices, are being developed to combat the four primary categories of collisions: intersection collisions, rear-end collisions, road departure collisions and lane change collisions. The article also looks at how active sensors, such as laser-based sensors and millimeter wave radars, are being used in detection applications. Passive sensors using vision-based technologies are also discussed. Although these sensors are much less robust to changing weather conditions than active sensors, they are considered to be ideal for in-vehicle technologies which do not require infrastructure upgrades.
Optimized moth-eye anti-reflective structures for As_2S_3 chalcogenide optical fibers (2016)

We computationally investigate moth-eye anti-reflective nanostructures imprinted on the endfaces of As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> chalcogenide optical fibers. With a goal of maximizing the transmission through the endfaces, we investigate the effect of changing the parameters of the structure, including the height, width, period, shape, and angle-of-incidence. Using these results, we design two different moth-eye structures that can theoretically achieve almost 99.9% average transmisison through an As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> surface.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Design and Functions of Bioinspired Dendrimers (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ligand‐presenting assembly: a method for C‐ and N‐terminal antigen presentation (2000)

Achiral dicarboxylic acids were coupled with 2 eq. of the free alpha-amino groups of two fully side-chain protected peptide chains while these were still attached to a synthesis resin. Cleavage from the resin with simultaneous side-chain deprotection afforded two assembled peptide chains with free C-terminals. Suitable functionalization of the achiral dicarboxylic acid alternatively permitted continued peptide synthesis in a C to N orientation leading to a final peptide assembly which, after cleavage from the resin, may have multiple N to C and C to N presentation of one or more epitopes.
<title>Time dependence of laser-induced surface breakdown in fused silica at 355 nm in the nanosecond regime</title> (1991)

Laser-induced surface breakdown in fused silica has been studied as a function of pulse width in the nanosecond regime. The third harmonic of a Nd:YAG laser was used to produce 7.5 ns duration pulses (FWHM) at 355 nm. A novel system using optical delay lines was used to extend these pulses to variable widths between 7.5 and 400 ns. At each pulse width, the beam was focused onto the surface of a commercially available fused silica flat and the breakdown fluence was determined. The breakdown fluence threshold was found to scale as the pulse width to the 0.8 power, significantly higher than the 0.5 power reported elsewhere for similar cases. Experiments were also performed on 200 jim core fused silica optical fibers and the results Obtained were consistent with a 0.8 power scaling law. This strong scaling law led to a dramatic increase in the amount of 355 nm light that could be transmitted through 200 p.m core fibers - from 1-2 mJ at 7.5 ns up to over 30 mJ at 400 ns. An experiment was also performed to probe the recovery time of fused silica (the time separation between pulses such that their effects are independent). This time was determined to be less than 25 ns.
Proteinases from pollen and pests. (1996)

An examination of the proteinases present in two very different systems is described, in order to illustrate the diversity in function of this class of enzymes. In the first case we have noted the importance of gut proteinases from the fire ant Solenopsis invicta in relation to the nutritional requirements of the entire colony. In the second we have investigated the properties of endoproteases from both ragweed and mesquite pollen, relative to their role in the development of allergies and asthma. If the function of each type of enzyme(s) is correct, then it is clear that addition of exogenous inhibitors might be useful in a) controlling the infestation associated with the fire ant, and b) reducing the deleterious effects associated with the development of asthma.
Comparison of different hydrological similarity measures to estimate flow quantiles (2017)

This paper aims to evaluate the influence of hydrological similarity measures on the definition of homogeneous regions. To this end, several attribute sets have been analyzed in the context of the Region of Influence (ROI) procedure. Several combinations of geomorphological, climatological, and geographical characteristics are also used to cluster potentially homogeneous regions. To verify the goodness of the resulting pooled sites, homogeneity tests arecarried out. Through a Monte Carlo simulation and a jack-knife procedure, flow quantiles areestimated for the regions effectively resulting as homogeneous. The analysis areperformed in both the so-called gauged and ungauged scenarios to analyze the effect of hydrological measures on flow quantiles estimation.
Effect of DMPA-Clay-POSS Content on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Ionomeric Polyurethanes (2010)

Two series of ionomeric waterborne polyurethane (WBPU)/POSS-clay hybrid nanocomposites were synthesized using various amounts of a diol-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS)/clay (Cloisite 15A) component with two different 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid (DMPA) contents (13.58 mole% and 23.89 mole%). The Tg of WBPU/POSS-clay hybrid nanocomposite was shifted towards higher temperatures in comparison to virgin WBPU and WBPU/clay nanocomposites. The thermal stability of the investigated WBPU/POSS-clay hybrid nanocomposites also dramatically improved compared to pristine WBPU and WBPU/clay nanocomposites. The higher Young's modulus of the WBPU/POSS-clay hybrid nanocomposites as a function of optimal POSS content suggests that the organic-inorganic hybrid networks are significantly reinforced by the inclusion of POSS.
Atomic-force-microscope study of contact area and friction onNbSe2 (1997)

We have used an ultrahigh vacuum atomic-force microscope to study the variation in contact radius and friction with applied force between a silicon tip and a ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$ sample. The data are compared to the Maugis-Dugdale theory, which is the appropriate continuum mechanics model for the properties and size of the tip-sample contact. The lateral stiffness of the tip-sample contact is related to the radius of the tip-sample contact through the shear moduli of the materials and we have used this relationship to measure directly the variation in contact radius with applied load. The contact radius measured in this way is found to be in agreement with the Maugis-Dugdale theory using the bulk values of the shear moduli. We also measured the variation in friction force with applied load using the same silicon tip. The variation in friction force with applied normal force is found to follow the variation of the contact area as predicted by the Maugis-Dugdale theory [D. Maugis, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 150, 243 (1992)], which supports the hypothesis that for a single asperity contact, the frictional shear stress \ensuremath{\tau} is constant. The value of the shear stress is found to be \ensuremath{\tau}\ensuremath{\approx}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{8}$ N/${\mathrm{m}}^{2}$, which is comparable to the estimated theoretical shear strength of ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$.
Search for heavy gauge W′ bosons in events with an energetic lepton and large missing transverse momentum at s=13 TeV (2017)

A search is presented for W bosons in events with an electron or muon and large missing transverse momentum, using proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV collected with the CMS detector in 2015 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb -1 . No evidence of an excess of events relative to the standard model expectations is observed. For a W boson described by the sequential standard model, upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the product of the production cross section and branching fraction and lower limits are established on the new boson mass. Masses below 4.1 TeV are excluded combining electron and muon decay channels, significantly improving upon the results obtained with the 8 TeV data. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level on the product of the W production cross section and branching fraction are also derived in combination with the 8 TeV data. Finally, exclusion limits are set for the production of generic W bosons decaying into this final state using a model-independent approach.
Poor Performance of Universal Sample Processing Method for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Smear Microscopy and Culture in Uganda (2008)

Laboratory methods to improve smear microscopy are an urgent priority for global tuberculosis control. The novel universal sample processing (USP) method has been reported to improve conventional diagnostic testing for tuberculosis while also providing inhibitor-free specimens for molecular assays. However, no studies evaluating the method in the field have been conducted. In this study, we compared the performance of the USP method to that of the standard N-acetyl-L-cysteine-NaOH (NALC) method for conventional diagnosis of tuberculosis in 252 adults admitted to Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda, with a clinical suspicion of pneumonia. A single early-morning sputum specimen collected from each patient was divided into two aliquots, each of which was assigned a random identification number. One randomly numbered specimen was processed by the USP method and the other by the NALC method. Mycobacterial cultures were more frequently negative in USP compared to NALC specimen aliquots (58% versus 43%; P < 0.001). There was no difference in the proportion of contaminated mycobacterial cultures (12% versus 11%; P = 0.87). The sensitivity and specificity of smear microscopy for the USP method were 52% and 86%, respectively, and were not significantly different from those for the NALC method (56% and 86%, respectively) using mycobacterial culture results as a reference standard. These results suggest that the USP method did not provide any significant advantage over the standard NALC method for conventional diagnosis of tuberculosis in our setting and illustrate the importance of well-designed, field-level evaluations of novel diagnostic techniques.
Aspheric collimator for a point source x-ray lithography system (1998)

X-ray point sources are an interesting alternative to synchrotrons for small to medium scale production. These sources are by nature highly divergent, and thus require the use of collimation for delivering an acceptable lithographic illumination. We present the design of an aspheric collimator for a point source such as a dense plasma focus system. Designing a collimating mirror for a point source presents different challenges than designing one for a synchrotron source, although both cases require that the radiation be condensed and collimated to deliver the radiation with 1%–2% uniformity and acceptable runout over a large field area. The collimator is 3 cm wide and 31 cm long, accepts 20 mrad in the vertical and 70 mrad in the horizontal, and delivers the x-ray flux to a 3 cm×3 cm field on a mask located 3 m from the source with a runout of 6 mrad. The figure is an asphere, not dissimilar to those developed previously. The scanning mechanism, however, is radically different, since the virtual rotation point is located at the source, rather than at the mirror pole. This design provides excellent uniformity since the mirror is always scanned inside the radiation cone while maintaining a constant nominal incidence angle. The design principles and predicted performance are discussed in detail, together with a consideration of the manufacturing challenge for such a mirror. The collimator design presented has the capability of delivering the required power density and collimation from an x-ray point source to satisfy the requirements of x-ray lithography.
AIP and MEN1 mutations and AIP immunohistochemistry in pituitary adenomas in a tertiary referral center (2019)

Germline mutations in AIP/MEN1 in pituitary adenoma patients are rare and the use of general risk criteria did not identify cases in a large tertiary-referral setting. In acromegaly, low AIP-IHC was related to larger tumor size and more frequent sparsely granulated subtype but no relationship with SSA responsiveness was seen. The genetics of pituitary adenomas remains largely unexplained and AIP screening criteria could be significantly refined to focus on large, aggressive tumors in young patients.
Measurements (2019)

This chapter presents propagation measurements for above 6 GHz and field experiments on 5G radio technologies using sub-6-GHz and millimeter waves. Propagation measurements and field experiments are essential to comprehend the fundamental characteristics of above-6-GHz bands. Fundamental experiments were conducted in the NTT DOCOMO R&D center in Yokosuka, Japan. The chapter shows the characteristics of path loss in open space, building corner diffraction loss, building penetration loss, scattering effect on rough surfaces, and human blockage effects. It shows the measurement results of frequency bands above 6 GHz (mainly the 20 GHz band), where the path loss characteristics and channel model parameters in the UMi, InH, and O2I scenarios were clarified. The chapter also presents field experiments on the downlink throughput performance of a 5G centimeter wave radio access system at 4.5 GHz with 400 MHz bandwidth employing higher rank Multiple Input Multiple Output in a shopping mall environment and a long corridor.
Targeting the Internal Epitope of Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen with 89Zr-7E11 Immuno-PET (2011)

These findings suggest that (89)Zr-DFO-7E11 displays high tumor-to-background tissue contrast in immuno-PET and can be used as a tool to monitor and quantify, with high specificity, tumor response in PSMA-positive prostate cancer.