gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The HelCat basic plasma science device (2014)

The Hel icon- Cat hode(HelCat) device is a medium-size linear experiment suitable for a wide range of basic plasma science experiments in areas such as electrostatic turbulence and transport, magnetic relaxation, and high power microwave (HPM)-plasma interactions. The HelCat device is based on dual plasma sources located at opposite ends of the 4 m long vacuum chamber – an RF helicon source at one end and a thermionic cathode at the other. Thirteen coils provide an axial magnetic field B ⩾ 0.220 T that can be configured individually to give various magnetic configurations (e.g. solenoid, mirror, cusp). Additional plasma sources, such as a compact coaxial plasma gun, are also utilized in some experiments, and can be located either along the chamber for perpendicular (to the background magnetic field) plasma injection, or at one of the ends for parallel injection. Using the multiple plasma sources, a wide range of plasma parameters can be obtained. Here, the HelCat device is described in detail and some examples of results from previous and ongoing experiments are given. Additionally, examples of planned experiments and device modifications are also discussed.
At-Home Healthcare Through Smart-Environmental Sensing, Including Biometrics for Multi-Factor Authentication (2020)

There is a growing need for at-home, personalized, accessible, and accurate healthcare. The potential of Internet of Things (IoT) enabled sensors for non-invasive medical diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring as well as for environmental monitoring through a "smart-home" system and multi-factor authentication using various biometrics, create a vast number of possibilities for further implementation of these sensing opportunities into society.
Evaluation of digitally reconstructed radiographs (DRRs) used for clinical radiotherapy: A phantom study (1995)

Digitally reconstructed radiographs produced from a commercial CT simulator have been evaluated using an in-house test phantom. The phantom consists of a polystyrene cubic block of dimension 15 cm. It contains four test patterns to measure contrast detail, modulation transfer function, ray line divergence accuracy, and spatial distortion. A total of six CT data sets, which vary by CT slice thickness and separation between slices, as well as CT slice reconstruction area have been used to analyze digitally reconstructed radiographs produced by the system. Results show that contrast detail is independent of slice thickness and separation but dependent upon slice reconstruction area for small object diameters (< or = 1.5 mm). Half field (24-cm diameter) reconstruction images provide lower threshold contrasts than full field (48-cm diameter) scans. The modulation transfer function for each data set was calculated and the spatial frequency at which the modulation transfer function is 50% (f50) of the maximum indicates that high contrast resolution depends on slice thickness for both the full and half field reconstructions. For full field scans, f50 values were 0.19, 0.10, and 0.10 line pairs/mm for the 2 mm/2 mm (slice thickness/separation), 5 mm/3 mm, and 5 mm/5 mm data sets, respectively. Similarly, half field f50 values were 0.19, 0.10, and 0.10 line pairs/mm for these same three thickness/separation data sets, respectively. The error in the ray tracing component of the digitally reconstructed radiograph algorithm for source to skin distances between 60 and 200 cm was 1.0 mm while the spatial linearity error was < or = 2.5 mm. Errors in CT simulator collimator and table rotations were calculated by measuring the angle between a grid pattern inlayed onto two orthogonal faces of the phantom and a graphical grid superimposed onto the digitally reconstructed radiograph by the CT simulator software. Measured angular differences were < or = 1.0 degree. The largest error in shifting the CT simulator field isocenter was 2.2 mm and occurred on the 5-mm slice thickness and separation CT data sets.
Estimated Long-Term Benefit of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure (2022)

Treatment with dapagliflozin is projected to extend event-free survival by up to 2.0 to 2.5 years among middle-aged and older individuals with HF with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction. (DELIVER [Dapagliflozin Evaluation to Improve the Lives of Patients With Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure]; NCT03619213).
A Small Molecule Inhibits Deregulated NRF2 Transcriptional Activity in Cancer (2015)

NRF2 serves as the master regulator of oxidative stress resistance in mammalian cells. Although NRF2 activation decreases tumorigenic events in normal cells, accumulating evidence suggests that cancers have broadly selected for NRF2-activating mutations to promote anabolic growth and chemoresistance. Small molecules which inhibit NRF2 activity may therefore offer promise as an alternative anticancer treatment in NRF2 dependent cancers. We have used a high throughput screen to identify small molecules which decrease NRF2 transcriptional activity at antioxidant response element sites. One such molecule, termed AEM1, is capable of broadly decreasing the expression of NRF2 controlled genes, sensitizing A549 cells to various chemotherapeutic agents, and inhibiting the growth of A549 cells in vitro and in vivo. Profiling of multiple cell lines for their responsiveness to AEM1 revealed that AEM1's activities are restricted to cell lines harboring mutations which render NRF2 constitutively active.
Sequence‐ion studies in peptides: The generation of C″ ions—part 2 (1993)

Abstract The mechanism for the formation of C x ″‐type ions in which x ≤ n – 2, from protonated peptides containing n amino acids, produced under conditions of fast atom bombardment and collisional activation, was investigated. Comparison of the tandem mass spectra of the [M + H] + ions of two model peptides (VGSE and AAA) with those of their corresponding [M d + D] + ions, in which all exchangeable hydrogens are replaced with deuterium, revealed that in the case of VGSE the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl group in the serine residue and/or from the amide group of the adjacent amino acid must be involved in the migration process which leads to the formation of C 2 ″‐type ions. The second peptide (AAA) shows the exclusive transfer of the amide hydrogen atom in the formation of the C 1 ″ ion. The mechanism differs from an earlier reported reaction channel which appeared to be applicable to the formation of C ‐type ions. The most plausible neutral species which is eliminated in the formation process of the C x ″ ion from [M + H] + is proposed on the basis of relative stability calculations.
Performances of Novel Nozzle-Scan Coating Method (2000)

A novel dispenser-nozzle-scan coating (NS-coating) method was developed. NS-coating is very useful for reducing the coated volume and its cost. This method has two stages. The first stage is to form a fluid film on the substrate. The second stage is the vacuum drying process to evaporate the solvent with agitation to improve the thickness uniformity. In the first stage, one of the most important parameters of NS-coating is the relationship of the contact angle of the fluid film on the substrate surface to the scan pitch of the dispenser nozzle. The start and end positions of dispensation are also important in terms of avoiding projection. With selecting the solvent of a resist solution on the anti-reflection-layer (ARL) surface and optimizing the start and end positions of dispensation, the thickness uniformity of less than 2% was obtained in the solid state.
Neural Cross-Lingual Coreference Resolution and its Application to\n Entity Linking (2018)

We propose an entity-centric neural cross-lingual coreference model that\nbuilds on multi-lingual embeddings and language-independent features. We\nperform both intrinsic and extrinsic evaluations of our model. In the intrinsic\nevaluation, we show that our model, when trained on English and tested on\nChinese and Spanish, achieves competitive results to the models trained\ndirectly on Chinese and Spanish respectively. In the extrinsic evaluation, we\nshow that our English model helps achieve superior entity linking accuracy on\nChinese and Spanish test sets than the top 2015 TAC system without using any\nannotated data from Chinese or Spanish.\n
Novel etch technologies utilizing atomic layer process for advanced patterning (2020)

We demonstrated a high selective and anisotropic plasma etch of Si3N4 and SiC. The demonstrated process consists of a sequence of ion modification and chemical dry removal steps. The Si3N4 etch with H ion modification showed a high selectivity to SiO2 and SiC films. In addition, we have developed selective etch of SiC with N ion modification. On the other hand, in the patterning etch processes, the fabrication of multi-layer films requires the precision of atomic scale XY CD controllability in complex hole patterns. In order to solve the requirement, we have developed Advanced Quasi- Atomic Layer Etching (ALE) technology which achieved X-Y CD control in oval patterns, along with a wider X-Y CD control margin. Furthermore, in the memory fabrication process, it is required to vertically etch the organic film mask pattern in high aspect ratio (A/R) feature. Therefore, we have developed a new approach that combines atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique and organic film etch process. With this method, we are able to achieve the vertical mask profile. Thus, we will show that these new process technologies have a significant potential to solve critical challenges in the various processes in advanced nodes.
S0845 Pharmacokinetics and Immunogenicity of Maintenance Therapy With Ustekinumab: 2-Year Results From the UNIFI Long-Term Extension Study (2020)

INTRODUCTION: UNIFI is a phase 3, double-blind, PBO-controlled study that evaluated ustekinumab (UST) treatment in pts with moderate-severe UC who previously failed biologic or conventional therapy. Pts who completed safety and efficacy evaluations at maintenance Wk44 could enter the long-term extension (LTE) continuing the same treatment regimen (PBO or UST 90mg SC q8w or q12w). Starting at Wk56, pts could dose adjust: PBO to UST q8w, UST q12w to q8w, and UST q8w to q8w (sham adjustment). METHODS: PK, immunogenicity, and their relationships with efficacy and safety were evaluated among pts who received UST SC in the LTE. Serum UST concentrations (conc) through Wk92 and antibodies to UST (ATU) through Wk96 were determined using validated assays. Clinical efficacy was assessed with symptomatic and partial Mayo remission at Wk92; safety events were evaluated through Wk96. RESULTS: During the LTE, randomized pts who continued 90mg SC UST and did not dose adjust (n = 271) had median non-trough UST conc of 6.49−6.66 µg/mL, 4 wks after dosing in the q8w group, and 2.11−2.56 µg/mL, 8 wks after dosing in the q12w group. High proportions (≥80%) of pts were in symptomatic remission and partial Mayo remission at Wk92 in each serum UST conc quartile, thus no clear exposure-response was demonstrable; however, proportions of pts with normalized calprotectin and normalized CRP at Wk92 increased with increasing serum UST conc quartiles (Table). No trends were found between serum UST conc and incidence of infections, serious infection, or serious AEs through Wk96 (Table). Among 400 pts who received continuous UST in induction, maintenance, and the LTE, ATU were found in 22/400 (5.5%) and were often transient. Of these, most (18/22 pts) had titers at or below 1:800; 4 of the 22 pts were positive for neutralizing antibodies. Among pts randomized to UST, the proportions in symptomatic or partial Mayo remission at Wk92 were similar between pts who were positive (80.0%, 80.0%; respectively) and pts who were negative (81.0%, 82.2%; respectively) for ATU. No relationship was observed between ATU and injection site reactions. CONCLUSION: Following treatment with UST 90mg SC q12w or q8w during the LTE, sustained serum UST levels were observed through Wk92 and were generally consistent with serum UST levels observed for these treatment groups during the maintenance study. The incidence of ATU was low and often transient through Wk96, and anti-drug antibodies did not appear to affect efficacy or injection site reactions.Table 1
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative Investigation of Ruthenium‐Based Metathesis Catalysts Bearing N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) Ligands. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 1073: A tumor-targeted CD40 agonistic DARPin® molecule leading to antitumor activity with limited systemic toxicity (2020)

Abstract CD40 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily which can activate both innate and adaptive tumor immunity, making it an attractive target for cancer immunotherapy. Systemic administration of agonistic anti-CD40 antibodies has shown signs of activity in cancer patients, but dose-limiting toxicity has prevented the exploration of the full dose range and possibly has impaired clinical efficacy. To overcome this issue, we developed a multispecific DARPin® therapeutic candidate, MP0317, intended to activate CD40 receptor locally, rather than systemically, in the tumor microenvironment through cross-linking with fibroblast activation protein (FAP) that is abundantly present in the stroma of many solid tumors, but has limited expression in healthy adult tissues. Using primary human 1) B cells and 2) dendritic cells, MP0317 activated the CD40 pathway in vitro. Upregulation of CD80, CD86, CD69 and IL12 occurred exclusively in the presence of FAP-positive, but not with FAP-negative cells, confirming a mechanism of action strictly dependent on FAP-mediated cross-linking. A surrogate mouse-specific FAP x CD40 DARPin® molecule (mFAP x mCD40) was generated and tested in murine cell-based in vitro assays showing comparable results as MP0317 with a strict FAP-dependent activation of CD40. The mFAP x mCD40 was also active in vivo and inhibited substantially the progression of FAP-positive tumors. Moreover, in contrast to an anti-mouse CD40 antibody (clone FGK45), the antitumor activity of mFAP x mCD40 was neither associated with elevated blood cytokine levels nor with hepatotoxicity, both of which manifest as dose limiting toxicities of some of the clinical CD40 activating antibodies. These data support a mode of action, both in vitro and in vivo, that is dependent on FAP-mediated crosslinking of CD40 receptor resulting in a tumor-localized CD40 activation without peripheral or off-tumor organ toxicity. In conclusion, we have designed a tumor-targeted CD40 agonistic DARPin® therapeutic candidate that is able to activate the CD40 receptor locally in FAP-positive tumors producing impressive antitumor activity in the absence of systemic toxicity. Citation Format: Nicolo Rigamonti, Sarah Jetzer, Niels Van der Velden, Omar Abdelmotaleb, Sophie Barsin, Jonas Schwestermann, Susanne Mangold, Yvonne Kaufmann, Ralph Bessey, Andrea Valeri, Heidi Poulet, Christof Zitt, Pamela A. Trail, Victor Levitsky, Niina Veitonmäki, Clara Metz. A tumor-targeted CD40 agonistic DARPin® molecule leading to antitumor activity with limited systemic toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1073.
Inhibition factor reduces fast ignition threshold for laser fusion using nonlinear force driven block acceleration (2008)

Abstract Fast ignition for fusion energy by using petawatt-picosecond (PW-ps) laser pulses was modified due to an anomaly based on extremely clean suppression of prepulses. The resulting plasma blocks with space charge neutral ion current densities above 10 11 Amp/cm 2 may be used to ignite deuterium-tritium at densities at or little above solid state density. The difficulty is to produce extremely high energy flux densities of the blocks. Results are reported how the threshold can be reduced by a factor up to fife if the inhibition factor for thermal conductivity due to electric double layers is included in the hydrodynamic analysis.
Improving H.264 performances by quantization of motion vectors (2009)

The coding resources used for motion vectors (MVs) can attain quite high ratios even in the case of efficient video coders like H.264, and this can easily lead to suboptimal rate-distortion performance. In a previous paper, we proposed a new coding mode for H.264 based on the quantization of motion vectors (QMV). We only considered the case of 16 times 16 partitions for motion estimation and compensation. That method allowed us to obtain an improved trade-off in the resource allocation between vectors and coefficients, and to achieve better rate-distortion performances with respect to H.264. In this paper, we build on the proposed QMV coding mode, extending it to the case of macroblock partition into smaller blocks. This issue requires solving some problems mainly related to the motion vector coding. We show how this task can be performed efficiently in our framework, obtaining further improvements over the standard coding technique.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Supported Catalysis of Polyanion-derived Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (2011)

Supported metal oxides (SMOs) are important catalytic materials that find numerous applications in important industrial processes. Improving the structural properties of SMOs is a challenging objective due to material synthesis and characterization limitations. Recent developments in the characterization of SMOs, specifically tungstated zirconia (WO x /ZrO 2 ), have revealed structural information that renewed scientific interest in developing more sophisticated synthetic protocols for SMOs. The current work aims to provide a robust characterization of WO x /ZrO 2 by using different characterization techniques and probe reactions. Conventional and non-conventional synthetic methods are investigated to cover the whole spectrum of published methods in order to understand the properties and limitations of these techniques. In the second part of this work, a new synthetic approach is presented that successfully produces ultrasmall (smaller than 2 nm) tungsten oxide nanoparticles (WO x NPs). By using conventional tungsten precursors and oleylamine, WO x NPs are synthesized, characterized, and finally supported to test their propene metathesis activity. Conventional WO x /ZrO 2 catalysts were prepared and extensively studied by probing their n -pentane isomerization activity and methanol dehydration activity. WO x /ZrO 2 prepared via incipient wetness impregnation shows maximum n -pentane isomerization turnover rates ( TOR ) at intermediate surface densities ( � surf ). This method delivers the most active n -pentane isomerization WO x /ZrO 2 catalysts since it maximizes the number density of the active sub-nm slightly distorted Zr-WO x sites at � surf between 5.2-6.2 W/nm 2 . By comparing the n -pentane isomerization activity with the methanol dehydration activity of WO x /ZrO 2 , n -pentane isomerization is shown to be an excellent probe reaction for qualitatively identifying the relative (to the other species) population density of Zr-WO x clusters. Bimolecular n -pentane isomerization is the prevailing mechanism and requires a higher population density of Zr-WO x clusters than methanol dehydration. In the second part of this work, a new solvothermal synthesis route for the preparation of ultrasmall tungsten oxide nanoparticles (WO x NPs) is introduced. By using ammonium polyanionic salts and oleylamine, high yields (92±5%) of oleylaminecoated WO x NPs were consistently synthesized. The co-addition of an organic oxidant during the synthesis led to smaller WO x NPs thereby providing insight into the NP synthesis mechanism. Deposition and activation of the NPs on SiO 2 support by removal of oleylamine allows better control over the WO x domain size than conventional methods. Oleylamine suppresses WO x NP sintering during calcination and prevents the formation of larger polytungstates present in conventional catalysts. The supported WO x NPs were found to be up to 3 times more selective for metathesis products than conventionally prepared tungstated silica likely due to their controlled structure.
Design of high-speed and area-efficient Montgomery modular multiplier for RSA algorithm (2004)

High-speed and area-efficient Montgomery modular multipliers for RSA algorithm has been developed for digital signature and user authentication in high-speed network and smart card systems. Multiplier-accumulator (MAC) in the developed Montgomery modular multiplier has non-identical multiplicand/multiplier word length. This organization eliminates the bottleneck in memory bandwidth, and enables to use single-port memory for area and power reductions. The developed MAC is faster than the common word length organization due to short critical path. 5,000 digital signature productions/sec is obtained with a three-stage pipelined architecture in 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Effect of creatine kinase activity on mitochondrial ADP/ATP transport. Evidence for a functional interaction. (1984)

Mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocation was measured in the presence of creatine or creatine phosphate to test the proposed functional couple between the nucleotide translocase and creatine kinase. Rat heart mitochondria were preloaded with the corresponding nucleotide which reacts with creatine kinase only after it is transported across the mitochondrial membrane; namely, radioactive ATP-preloaded mitochondria were assayed in the presence of 10 mM creatine plus ADP, and radioactive ADP-preloaded mitochondria in the presence of 10 mM creatine phosphate plus ATP. Results showed that forward creatine kinase reaction (in the direction of creatine phosphate synthesis) inhibits translocation of external ADP into mitochondrial matrix and backward reaction (cleavage of creatine phosphate to creatine) likewise inhibits translocation of ATP across the mitochondrial membrane. Control experiments showed that without the kinase activity when Mg2+ was omitted from the assay medium, the presence of creatine or creatine phosphate had no effect on ADP or ATP transport, respectively. Therefore, the observed inhibition of nucleotide exchange by these compounds is due to creatine kinase activity which upon reacting with the newly exported nucleotide can effectively compete for transport back into the mitochondrial matrix over nucleotides added in the assay medium. Kinetic analysis also indicated that the forward creatine kinase reaction inhibits external ADP uptake competitively. These results are interpreted to support the proposal that a functional interaction exists between the mitochondrial bound creatine kinase and the adenine nucleotide translocase.
Innenrücktitelbild: Durch sichtbares Licht induzierte Klick‐Chemie (Angew. Chem. 35/2015) (2015)

Eine ultraschnelle katalysatorfreie Ligation wurde entwickelt, die durch sichtbares Licht angetrieben wird. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 10423 ff. beschreiben C. Barner-Kowollik und Mitarbeiter eine hocheffiziente Konjugation zwischen einer Azirin-Einheit (weiß) und diversen Dipolarophilen (rot) unter Bestrahlung mit blauen LEDs. Nach der photochemischen Erzeugung eines Nitril-Ylids (cyanfarbene Struktur) findet die vollständige Umwandlung in das Cycloaddukt über eine Klick-Reaktion statt.