gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic integrated PCR reactor-CE system for DNA amplification and analysis to the single molecule limit (2003)

A fully integrated genomic analysis microsystem including heaters, temperature sensors, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) chambers directly connected to capillary electrophoresis (CE) separation channels has been developed. The device utilizes pneumatic valves and hydrophobic vents for positive and sensorless sample loading and immobilization within 200 nL PCR chambers. Use of microfabrication techniques for the creation of resistive heating and temperature-sensing elements has improved the thermal response and accuracy of the system beyond previous limits. Amplified PCR products are labeled on-column with a fluorescent intercalating dye and injected into a gel-filled microchannel for electrophoretic analysis. Successful sex determination by performing multiplex PCR from human genomic DNA is demonstrated in under 15 minutes.
Timolol may inhibit aqueous humor secretion by cAMP-independent action on ciliary epithelial cells (2001)

The β-adrenergic antagonist timolol reduces ciliary epithelial secretion in glaucomatous patients. Whether inhibition is mediated by reducing cAMP is unknown. Elemental composition of rabbit ciliary epithelium was studied by electron probe X-ray microanalysis. Volume of cultured bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial (PE) cells was measured by electronic cell sizing; Ca 2+ activity and pH were monitored with fura 2 and 2′,7′-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, respectively. Timolol (10 μM) produced similar K and Cl losses from ciliary epithelia in HCO[Formula: see text]/CO 2 solution but had no effect in HCO[Formula: see text]/CO 2 -free solution or in HCO[Formula: see text]/CO 2 solution containing the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamide. Inhibition of Na + /H + exchange by dimethylamiloride in HCO[Formula: see text]/CO 2 solution reduced Cl and K comparably to timolol. cAMP did not reverse timolol's effects. Timolol (100 nM, 10 μM) and levobunolol (10 μM) produced cAMP-independent inhibition of the regulatory volume increase (RVI) in PE cells and increased intracellular Ca 2+ and pH. Increasing Ca 2+ with ionomycin also blocked the RVI. The results document a previously unrecognized cAMP-independent transport effect of timolol. Inhibition of Cl − /HCO[Formula: see text] exchange may mediate timolol's inhibition of aqueous humor formation.
A temperature-dependent Leslie model to describe the dynamics of a bullhead (Cottus gobio) population (2010)

The main objective of our study was to develop a temperature-dependent age-class Leslie matrix model, based on experimental field data, in order to predict short and long-term population dynamics of a bullhead population in the Bez River network (Drôme, France), for example in view of water temperature fluctuations. Bullhead, a cryophilic species rarely manipulated by humans, is known for its sensitivity to temperature [1] and is thus an appropriate model organism to study the impact of temperature. For the purpose of our model, the Bez River network was divided into six sampling sites differing in their thermal conditions. Local temperatures were recorded at all sampling sites in the river. Census was annually performed between 2002 to 2008 providing body length data, while fecundity data were available for 2002 and 2003. The demographic model parameters (fecundity, survival rates) were then calibrated from part of this experimental data (2002 to 2004). Fecundity was directly related to body length by an allometric equation. Adult survival rates were estimated from data of successive years and were in agreement with values provided in the literature. Juvenile survival rates were modelled using a density-dependent function and larval as well as juvenile dispersion processes between sampling sites were taken into account. We validated our matrix model by predicting the population dynamics in the Bez River network for the years 2005 to 2008 and compared the simulation results to the experimental field data of this period. In order to calculate the age-dependent fecundity, we computed the body lengths of the simulated age classes by using a temperature-dependent von Bertalanffy growth function [2], since previous studies have already shown that temperature had an impact on growth and thus also on reproduction [3]. A global uncertainty analysis was performed by taking into account the uncertainty of all model parameters simultaneously. It allowed us to quantify the uncertainty of the model outputs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolates: A Coordination Chemistry View of Metal‐Ligand Bonding in Intrazeolite MOCVD Type Precursors and Semiconductor Nanoclusters (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hybrid MOEMS tunable filter for interrogation of fiber Bragg grating sensors (2004)

Experimental evaluation and performance results of a tunable optical filter based on hybrid microoptoelectromechanical systems technology are described in this letter. The hybrid optical microsystem is built using an off-the-shelf 200-GHz dense wavelength-division-multiplexing interference filter and a rotary microelectromechanical systems platform, suspended and actuated by an array of thermal microactuators fabricated through a commercially available process (SOIMUMPs). Results show a tuning range of over 870 pm, which satisfies the demodulation requirements for fiber Bragg grating sensors.
Bootstrapping Multilingual Intent Models via Machine Translation for\n Dialog Automation (2018)

With the resurgence of chat-based dialog systems in consumer and enterprise\napplications, there has been much success in developing data-driven and\nrule-based natural language models to understand human intent. Since these\nmodels require large amounts of data and in-domain knowledge, expanding an\nequivalent service into new markets is disrupted by language barriers that\ninhibit dialog automation.\n This paper presents a user study to evaluate the utility of out-of-the-box\nmachine translation technology to (1) rapidly bootstrap multilingual spoken\ndialog systems and (2) enable existing human analysts to understand foreign\nlanguage utterances. We additionally evaluate the utility of machine\ntranslation in human assisted environments, where a portion of the traffic is\nprocessed by analysts. In English-&gt;Spanish experiments, we observe a high\npotential for dialog automation, as well as the potential for human analysts to\nprocess foreign language utterances with high accuracy.\n
Polyphenols enhance total oxidant-scavenging capacities of human blood by binding to red blood cells (2010)

The present study offers a new look at the role of erythrocytes and of erythrocytes-polyphenol complexes as potent 'sinks' for reactive oxygen species. We hereby show that human erythrocytes have the capacity not only to carry oxygen, but also to bind avidly to their surfaces a large variety of polyphenol antioxidants, which endows upon such complexes enhanced total oxidant-scavenging capacities (TOSC). This was proven by using confocal microscopy, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical, Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent, cyclic voltammetry and chemiluminescence techniques. The results presented suggest that the true TOSC of blood is the sum of intracellular antioxidants of red blood cells and other blood cells (mainly due to catalase), the polyphenols bound to their surfaces and the antioxidant agents present in plasma. Since erythrocytes can avidly bind and rapidly remove circulating polyphenols, the rule of the thumb to quantify antioxidants in health and disease processes exclusively in plasma as customary in clinical settings, does not represent the true TOSC of whole blood. We also postulate that circulating erythrocytes and possibly also other blood cells might be constantly coated by polyphenols from supplemented nutrients, which act as antioxidant depots and can thus act as protectors against the harmful consequences of oxidative stress. Further studies are needed to determine the faith of polyphenols in the circulation and their sequestration in the spleen.
Comparison of Microtransducer and Fiberoptic Catheters for Urodynamic Studies (2001)

In Brief OBJECTIVE To assess the validity and reproducibility of a fiberoptic transducer urodynamic catheter for urethral closure pressure profiles and leak point pressure determination, using a microtransducer catheter as the standard. METHODS Ninety women without significant pelvic organ prolapse underwent urodynamic evaluations with both fiberoptic and microtransducer catheters. Maximal urethral closure pressures and “leak point pressures” were repeatedly measured by the two catheters and statistically compared. The order of catheter use was randomized. RESULTS Significantly lower mean maximal urethral closure pressures were recorded by the fiberoptic system than by the microtransducer system (28.9 cmH2O ± 17.3 versus 43.2 cmH2O ± 24.9, P < .001). The fiberoptic catheter predicted microtransducer values for maximum urethral closure pressure only within a range of 27 cmH2O. Mean “leak point pressure” recorded by the fiberoptic catheters (66.9 cmH2O ± 2.9) was not significantly different than that recorded by the microtransducer catheters (66.4 cmH2O ± 2.9, P = .97). CONCLUSION There is a significant difference between maximum urethral closure pressure values recorded by the microtransducer and fiberoptic catheter systems. No significant difference was found between the two systems in measurement of Valsalva “leak point pressure.” Discrepancies between fiberoptic and microtransducer systems should be considered during the interpretation of urodynamic studies for both clinical practice and outcomes research.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance detection of explosives: an overview (2011)

Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR) is a spectroscopic technique closely related to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). These techniques, and NQR in particular, induce signals from the material being interrogated that are very specific to the chemical and physical structure of the material, but are relatively insensitive to the physical form of the material. NQR explosives detection exploits this specificity to detect explosive <i>materials</i>, in contrast to other well known techniques that are designed to detect explosive <i>devices</i>. The past two decades have seen a large research and development effort in NQR explosives detection in the United States aimed at transportation security and military applications. Here, I will briefly describe the physical basis for NQR before discussing NQR developments over the past decade, with particular emphasis on landmine detection and the use of NQR in combating IED's. Potential future directions for NQR research and development are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydrofuran Amino Acids: β‐ and γ‐Azidotetrahydrofurancarboxylic Acid Monomers Derived from D‐Glucoheptonolactone as Building Blocks for β‐ and γ‐Oligopeptides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ABSENCE (2015)

We present our proposed ABSENCE system which detects service disruptions in mobile networks using aggregated customer usage data. ABSENCE monitors aggregated customer usage to detect when aggregated usage is lower than expected in a given geographic region (e.g., zip code), across a given customer device type, or for a given service. Such a drop in expected usage is interpreted as a sign of a potential service disruption being experienced in that region/device type/service. ABSENCE effectively deals with users' mobility and scales to detect failures in various mobile services (e.g., voice, data, SMS, MMS, etc). We perform a systematic evaluation of our proposed approach by introducing synthetic failures in measurements obtained from a US operator. We also compare our results with ground truth (real service disruptions) obtained from the mobile operator.
Neuropathic pain: symptoms, models, and mechanisms (2006)

Abstract Peripheral neuropathic pain is the most debilitating of all clinical pain syndromes and affects a large and growing number of people worldwide. There are diverse causes for peripheral neuropathic pain, which may be experienced after traumatic nerve injury or from diseases that affect peripheral nerves, such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and cancer, and it can also result from toxic chemicals, such as cancer chemotherapy agents. Despite these varying causes, it is clear that neuropathic pain is due to persistent pathological alterations resulting in hyperexcitability in the peripheral and central nervous systems, and it is the neuropathology that must be targeted for effective therapy of which there is none presently available. Mechanistically, neuropathic pain is distinct from acute pain and inflammatory pain, for which many effective therapies are known. In this review, we describe the relationships between clinical symptoms and experimental models of peripheral neuropathic pain, and we provide a framework for understanding the potential mechanisms that involve primary neuronal dysfunction as well as pathological changes in neuron‐glial signaling. Drug Dev. Res. 67:289–301, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytomegalovirus (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients Interpretation of pediatric CMV serology in donors and recipients <18 monthsa [1] Algorithm for pre-emptive therapy of CMV in organ transplant recipients Treatment of CMV infection and disease in SOT recipients Suggested algorithm for the management of ganciclovir (GCV)-resistant CMV infection and disease
Structure-based design of inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. 1. 9-(Arylmethyl) derivatives of 9-deazaguanine (1993)

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP, EC 2.4.2.1) is a salvage enzyme important to the T-cell-mediated part of the immune system and as such is an important therapeutic target. This paper describes the design, synthesis, and enzymatic evaluation of potent, competitive inhibitors of PNP. Potential inhibitors were designed using the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme in an iterative process that involved interactive computer graphics to model the native enzyme and complexes of it with the inhibitors, Monte Carlo-based conformational searching, and energy minimization. Studies of the enzyme/inhibitor complexes were used to determine priorities of the synthetic efforts. The resulting compounds were then evaluated by determination of their IC50 values and by X-ray diffraction analysis using difference Fourier maps. In this manner, we have developed a series of 9-(arylmethyl)-9-deazapurines (2-amino-7-(arylmethyl)-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-d]-pyrimidin-4-ones) that are potent, membrane-permeable inhibitors of the enzyme. The IC50 values of these compounds range from 17 to 270 nM (in 1 mM phosphate), with 9-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-9-deazaguanine being the most potent inhibitor. X-ray analysis explained the role of the aryl groups and revealed the rearrangement of hydrogen bonds in the binding of the 9-deazaguanines in the active site of PNP relative to the binding of the 8-aminoguanines that results in more potent inhibition of the enzyme.
Bistable electrowetting displays (2011)

The electrowetting D³ technology (Droplet-Driven-Displays) was invented by ADT. Those displays have features like
bistability and highest reflectivity, which offer unique application options for real No (green) applications
ranging from indicators to billboards. This paper describes the fundamentals of D³ EW displays (Passive Matrix, no
Active Matrix needed) and system design incl. electronic driving using commercial ICs. We recently demonstrated all
backlight modes (reflective, transflective and transmissive). Pixel size ranges from 0.5 to 10 mm and a wide temperature
range is covered; color is realized by subtractive CMY stacks with printer-like gamut. The measurements of ambient
light contrast ratio and color gamut clearly demonstrates the excellent performance of ADT's electrowetting displays for
applications like No Power bistable LED indicator replacements and sunlight readable electronic billboards.
Bridging Many-Body Quantum Physics and Deep Learning via Tensor Networks (2022)

In this chapter, we describe a tensor network (TN) based common language established between machine learning and many-body physics, which allows for bidirectional contributions. By showing that many-body wave functions are structurally equivalent to mappings of convolutional and recurrent networks, we bring forth quantum entanglement measures as natural quantifiers of dependencies modeled by such networks. Accordingly, we propose a novel entanglement-based deep learning design scheme that sheds light on the success of popular architectural choices made by deep learning practitioners and suggests new practical prescriptions. In the other direction, we construct TNs corresponding to deep recurrent and convolutional networks. This allows us to theoretically demonstrate that these architectures are powerful enough to represent highly entangled quantum systems polynomially more efficiently than previously employed architectures. We thus provide theoretical motivation to shift neural-network-based wave function representations closer to state-of-the-art deep learning architectures.
Mechanical Properties of Polymers (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Origin of Elasticity in Polymers Elastic Behavior of Elastomers Viscoelasticity of Polymers Mechanical Properties at Large Deformations Literature
Displacement vector and energy of a screw dislocation in a Lennard-Jones amorphous solid (1982)

Abstract We show that screw dislocations can be stabilized in a Lennard-Jones amorphous solid. Both the energy and the Eshel by twist are in accord with continuum theory. As in a crystal there is a threshold of the initial displacement vector above which a jump in the final displacement (Burgers) vector is observed. However, unlike a crystal, the motion of a screw dislocation or shear displacement exceeding approximately 0.8 of an atom diameter results in changes in density of the material.
20V-40V Symmetrical Vertical Trench nMOS (SVT MOS) design for display driver ICs (2006)

This paper presents a novel 20V/40V symmetrical vertical trench MOS (SVT MOS) having both drain extension and gate realized in vertical direction respect to the silicon surface. Using silicon depth to realize the gate and to withstand high voltage, carefully designing doping implants and realizing a vertical field oxide, it was possible to reduce more than 60% the device pitch (i.e. spacing between half drain contact and half source contact) maintaining the same performance of equivalent lateral device
Dependence of plasma damage on density and T/sub e/ in a decoupled plasma source metal etcher (2003)

Plasma induced damage due to metal etch is a well established and well studied problem. Work by several groups has shown that the primary mechanism is electron shading, and that current injection through the gate oxide occurs during the period when open areas in the pattern have cleared but dense areas have not, leading to latent antenna effects (Krishnan et al., 1995; Kinoshita et al., 1997; Krishnan et al., 1997). It has also been shown that damage is generally more severe in high power processes, correlating generally with higher plasma density (Colonell et al., 1997; Tabara, 1996). This observation is easily explained by more available current, if the plasma can be viewed as a current limited source. Plasma damage in general is expected to become more severe with increasing electron temperature, but this effect is less well explored, due partly to the difficulty of measuring T/sub e/. In this paper, we examine the dependence of plasma damage on pressure during the overetch. Measurements of plasma density and T/sub e/ show that reduced damage at higher pressures correlates with a drop in both density and T/sub e/; applying a simple circuit model to the data suggests that decreased T/sub e/ is the primary driver.
Towards standard electrolytes for sodium-ion batteries: physical properties, ion solvation and ion-pairing in alkyl carbonate solvents (2020)

The currently emerging sodium-ion battery technology is in need of an optimized standard organic solvent electrolyte based on solid and directly comparable data. With this aim we have made a systematic study of "simple" electrolyte systems consisting of two sodium salts (NaTFSI and NaPF6) dissolved in three different alkyl carbonate solvents (EC, PC, DMC) within a wide range of salt concentrations and investigated: (i) their more macroscopic physico-chemical properties such as ionic conductivity, viscosity, thermal stability, and (ii) the molecular level properties such as ion-pairing and solvation. From this all electrolytes were found to have useful thermal operational windows and electrochemical stability windows, allowing for large scale energy storage technologies focused on load levelling or (to a less extent) electric vehicles, and ionic conductivities on par with analogous lithium-ion battery electrolytes, giving promise to also be power performant. Furthermore, at the molecular level the NaPF6-based electrolytes are more dissociated than the NaTFSI-based ones because of the higher ionic association strength of TFSI compared to PF6- while two different conformers of DMC participate in the Na+ first solvation shells - a Na+ affected conformational equilibrium and induced polarity of DMC. The non-negligible presence of DMC in the Na+ first solvation shells increases as a function of salt concentration. Overall, these results should both have a general impact on the design of more performant Na-conducting electrolytes and provide useful insight on the very details of the importance of DMC conformers in any cation solvation studies.
IMMUNE CELLS SENSE PATHOGENS VIA DNA-MOTIFS: INDUCTION OF LETHAL TOXIC SHOCK (1997)

Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene Technical University Munich Trogerstr. 9, D - 81675 Munich GERMANY
Chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for early stage Hodgkin Lymphoma (2008)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: The main objective of this review is to compare CT alone with CT+RT as treatment of early favourable and early unfavourable stages of HL. For this purpose we will critically, systematically and statistically analyse the effectiveness of CT alone compared to CT+RT in early favourable and early unfavourable stages of HL, with respect to OS, response rate and PFS. We assume that the results of this review will provide significant evidence about the role of RT in the treatment of early stage HL. This review will not emphasize on adverse events as outcome measures because these have been analysed in a recently published review by Franklin JG et al (Franklin 2005).
Les mathématiques au secours de la faune aquatique (2011)

/ Le rejet de substances toxiques dans l'environnement peut causer des dégâts sur la survie, la croissance, la fertilité des organismes peuplant notamment les milieux aquatiques. La démographie de ces populations se trouve alors impactée en fonction du cycle de vie des espèces. Le couplage de données de toxicité individuelle avec la modélisation mathématique de la démographie des populations est donc nécessaire. Ces méthodes permettent pour des espèces modèles de laboratoire d'améliorer l'évaluation des effets potentiels sur les populations aquatiques, et pour des espèces présentes dans les milieux d'avancer dans la compréhension des effets observés dans les écosystèmes.