gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vulva (2017)

Summary Vulvar cancer is a rare disease accounting for 5% of all gynaecological malignancies. Treatment is primarily surgical, with wide local excision combined with inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy being the standard treatment for macroinvasive disease (depth of invasion &amp;gt;1 mm). The morbidity of this treatment is very high, especially related to the lymphadenectomy. The sentinel node procedure has been introduced into the treatment of early‐stage vulvar cancer to minimize treatment‐related morbidity. In selected patients and experienced hands, the sentinel lymph node procedure is a safe alternative to determine the status of the inguinofemoral lymph nodes. In case of a negative sentinel lymph node, patients can be spared inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy. In case of more than one lymph node metastases or extranodal tumour growth, radiotherapy on the groins is indicated. Prognosis is good for early‐stage disease. Lymph node metastases are the most important prognostic factor.
Structure of Cloned Retrovirus Circular DNAs: Implications for Virus Integration (1981)

During the multiplication cycle of retroviruses, double-stranded DNA reverse transcripts are produced, some of which integrate into the host-cell genome. Although the exact order of events preceding integration of the retroviral DNA is not known, certain potentially relevant steps have been described. The initial reverse transcript is a linear molecule containing a directly repeated sequence at each end (Gilboa et al. 1979a). These long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences range from 300 bp to 1200 bp (Shank et al. 1978a,b; Gilboa et al. 1979b) and contain an inverted repeat at each end (Sutcliff et al. 1980). The linear retroviral DNA molecules can enter the nucleus, whereupon some form circles (Shank and Varmus 1978) containing either one or two LTR sequences (Shank et al. 1978b; Yoshimura and Weinberg 1979). The circularization event may be a prerequisite to integration, since in mouse cells incompatible at Fv-1, linear retroviral DNA accumulates but circularization and...
Influence of Doping Profiles on p-type AlGaN/GaN Superlattices (2001)

Transport properties of modulation-, shifted-modulation-, and uniformly doped Al0.20Ga0.80N/GaN superlattices are reported. The modulation-doped sample is doped only in the AlGaN barriers. The shifted-modulation-doped sample has its dopants shifted by one-quarter period. Measurements reveal a strong improvement in mobility and resistivity for the modulation-doped and shifted-modulation-doped structures versus the uniformly doped structure. The modulation-doped sample has a mobility of 9.2 and 36 cm2/Vs at 300 and 90 K, respectively, and a very low resistivity of 0.20 and 0.068 Ωcm at 300 and 90 K, respectively. Capacitance–voltage profiling shows multiple two-dimensional hole gases. The results are consistent with a reduction of neutral impurity scattering for modulation-doped structures as compared to uniformly doped structures.
Analysis of Idle Time Effect on Color Consistency of Electrophotographic Printer (2009)

This study analyzes idle time effect on a color electrophotographic (EP) printer. The idle time effect is defined as color or tone variations between the prints before- and immediately after- a printer having been idle for an extended period of time. In the study, 15 hours of idle time, which is regularly experienced in an office setting from 5pm to 8am, is investigated. Four off-the-shelf printers of the same model were placed in a temperature controlled environment with their engine calibration disabled. First, a preliminary experiment to know the inherent printer characteristics was conducted. With the preliminary experiments, the design of the experiments for the idle time effects was determined and total 39 sets of experiments were performed. More than 75% of the cases showed statistically significant tone differences, which are greater than 2 &#x394;E76 from paper white, for test pages printed before and after the idle time. It is also shown that these tone variations diminished once three pages have been printed after the idle time ends.
Rectal Artery Embolization for Hemorrhoidal Disease: Anatomy, Evaluation, and Treatment Techniques (2022)

Chronic hemorrhoidal disease is a common anorectal condition that leads to hemorrhoidal hyperplasia, which affects millions of people worldwide and is a significant medical and socioeconomic issue. Rectal bleeding is one of the main chronic symptoms. Recurrent rectal bleeding can alter an individual's quality of life and, more rarely, cause anemia. Pain is less common, occurring only in the event of complications such as congestive exacerbation, external hemorrhoidal thrombosis, or fissures. The most standard treatment involves dietary and hygiene measures, use of phlebotonic drugs, and nonsurgical treatment such as infrared photocoagulation or elastic band ligation. Excisional treatments such as hemorrhoidectomy and hemorrhoidopexy are the reference standards for treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. Embolization of the rectal arteries (ie, emborrhoid) has recently emerged as an effective treatment option, with few reported adverse effects, minimal blood loss, and a same-day hospital procedure. Hemorrhoid embolization is performed by using femoral or radial access. The inferior mesenteric artery and then the superior rectal arteries are catheterized with a microcatheter. Embolization can be performed by using different agents. Studies have shown improvement in symptoms and high technical success rates after treatment. The basic principles of hemorrhoid embolization that must be understood to achieve effective treatment, including those related to patient evaluation, the arterial anatomy, basic embolization, and published results, are reviewed. <i>An invited commentary by Thompson and Kelley is available online.</i> <sup>©</sup>RSNA, 2022.
Update to a Systematic Approach to Bearing Health Monitoring (2011)

This paper presents recent advances at Honeywell’s Condition Based Maintenance Center of Excellence (CBM COE) in developing a bearing health monitoring system for a gas turbine engine. Our systematic approach characterizes bearing damage progression by identifying damage milestones based on bearing geometry. For each damage milestone, we derive appropriate condition indicators and model the damage progression as a function of these indicators. Using an oil debris monitoring (ODM) sensor, we developed a condition indicator based on particle count and size to detect the onset of a spallation while ignoring debris “fuzz.” An additional condition indicator based on particle accumulation rate quantifies bursts of particles after spall initiation. A third condition indicator based on accumulated particulate mass is used throughout the failure progression and is tuned to the specific stage of damage evolution. The ODM2based condition indicators are complemented with vibration2based condition indicators. More than 300 condition indicators (CI) are defined based on vibration signals and bearing geometry. These CIs are grouped and processed hierarchically to produce second level indicators for bearing damage isolation. A two2stage fusion method, based on fuzzy logic and using ODM and vibration CIs, provides robust detection and isolation. The resulting bearing health indicators are mapped onto on2board and on2g round notices for pilots and maintainers. These notices support confirmation of impending failure by external evidence from oil filter analysis. The approach is demonstrated using rig and engine test data and scenarios describing how this approach facilitates scheduling and coordinating ground logistics are discussed.
Single Photon Detection with a Quantum Dot Transistor (2001)

We propose and demonstrate a type of GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped field effect transistor (FET) which is sensitive to single photons. The FET contains a layer of InAs quantum dots formed using an in-situ , self-organising method, adjacent to the channel and separated from it by a thin AlGaAs barrier. Capture of a single photo-excited carrier by a quantum dot leads to a sizeable change in the source-drain current through the transistor, allowing the detection of a single photon. We show this is because the mobility of the electron channel is extremely sensitive to the charge trapped in the dots. This discovery may allow a new type of single photon detector to be developed which does not rely upon avalanche processes.
On IMC-Based PID Tuning Using Gain-Integrator-Delay Dynamics (2020)

The Internal Model Control (IMC)-based PID tuning using integrator dynamics is an effective technique for tuning the boost pressure control system in a turbocharged gasoline engine, as investigated in a previous work by the authors. In that work, two IMC-based PID tuning approaches were delineated: one that involved a post hoc modification of initial design to achieve a desired closed-loop performance, and another that assigned a desired closed-loop bandwidth exactly. This paper extends the results of that work by introducing a third design approach employing the technique: one that assigns the desired phase margin exactly. Also, the viability of all three approaches for use with more general plants that are less similar to the boost system is investigated through Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, to illustrate their effectiveness in practice, all three design approaches are applied to a DC motor control problem.
Multi-criteria Performance Assessment of Adaptive Radar Resources Management: Application to Naval Scenario (2019)

International audience
Altered subcellular localization of transcription factor TEAD4 regulates first mammalian cell lineage commitment (2012)

In the preimplantation mouse embryo, TEAD4 is critical to establishing the trophectoderm (TE)-specific transcriptional program and segregating TE from the inner cell mass (ICM). However, TEAD4 is expressed in the TE and the ICM. Thus, differential function of TEAD4 rather than expression itself regulates specification of the first two cell lineages. We used ChIP sequencing to define genomewide TEAD4 target genes and asked how transcription of TEAD4 target genes is specifically maintained in the TE. Our analyses revealed an evolutionarily conserved mechanism, in which lack of nuclear localization of TEAD4 impairs the TE-specific transcriptional program in inner blastomeres, thereby allowing their maturation toward the ICM lineage. Restoration of TEAD4 nuclear localization maintains the TE-specific transcriptional program in the inner blastomeres and prevents segregation of the TE and ICM lineages and blastocyst formation. We propose that altered subcellular localization of TEAD4 in blastomeres dictates first mammalian cell fate specification.
On feedforward control using physics–guided neural networks: Training cost regularization and optimized initialization (2022)

Performance of model–based feedforward controllers is typically limited by the accuracy of the model describing the inverse system dynamics. Physics–guided neural networks (PGNN), where a known physical model cooperates in parallel with a neural network, were recently proposed as a method to achieve high accuracy of the identified inverse dynamics. However, the flexible nature of neural networks can create overparameterization when employed in parallel with a physical model, which results in a parameter drift during training. This drift may result in parameters of the physical model not corresponding to their physical values, which increases vulnerability of the PGNN to operating conditions not present in the training data. To address this problem, this paper proposes a regularization method via identified physical parameters, in combination with an optimized training initialization that improves training convergence. The regularized PGNN framework is validated on a real–life industrial linear motor, where it delivers better tracking accuracy and extrapolation.
ArrayMAPPIT: A Screening Platform for Human Protein Interactome Analysis (2011)

Mammalian protein-protein interaction trap (MAPPIT) is a two-hybrid technology to identify and characterize interactions of proteins with other proteins or organic molecules in living mammalian (human) cells. The method relies on complementation of a modified cytokine receptor complex. Protein interaction restores the signalling competence of the complex, which is monitored through the activation of a reporter gene. Here, we describe a protocol that has been recently developed to increase the utility of MAPPIT as a tool to identify novel interactions. In the ArrayMAPPIT assay, a collection of prey proteins which is arrayed in high-density microtiter plates is efficiently screened for interaction partners using reverse transfection into a bait-expressing cell pool.
Data from Paclitaxel-Loaded Polymersomes for Enhanced Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Peritoneal carcinomatosis is present in more than 60% of gastric cancer, 40% of ovarian cancer, and 35% of colon cancer patients. It is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality, with a median survival of 1 to 3 months. Cytoreductive surgery combined with intraperitoneal chemotherapy is the current clinical treatment, but achieving curative drug accumulation and penetration in peritoneal carcinomatosis lesions remains an unresolved challenge. Here, we used flexible and pH-sensitive polymersomes for payload delivery to peritoneal gastric (MKN-45P) and colon (CT26) carcinoma in mice. Polymersomes were loaded with paclitaxel and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; drug release was studied as a function of pH and time. Paclitaxel-loaded polymersomes remained stable in aqueous solution at neutral pH for up to 4 months. In cell viability assay on cultured cancer cell lines (MKN-45P, SKOV3, CT26), paclitaxel-loaded polymersomes were more toxic than free drug or albumin-bound paclitaxel (Abraxane). Intraperitoneally administered fluorescent polymersomes accumulated in malignant lesions, and immunofluorescence revealed an intense signal inside tumors with no detectable signal in control organs. A dual targeting of tumors was observed: direct (circulation-independent) penetration, and systemic, blood vessel–associated accumulation. Finally, we evaluated preclinical antitumor efficacy of paclitaxel-polymersomes in the treatment of MKN-45P disseminated gastric carcinoma using a total dose of 7 mg/kg. Experimental therapy with paclitaxel-polymersomes improved the therapeutic index of drug over free paclitaxel and Abraxane, as evaluated by intraperitoneal tumor burden and number of metastatic nodules. Our findings underline the potential utility of the polymersome platform for delivery of drugs and imaging agents to peritoneal carcinomatosis lesions. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 670–9. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Quantitative study of the transmission of axially channeled protons in thin silicon crystals (1978)

The azimuthal distributions of protons transmitted through thin silicon single crystals near the $〈110〉$ axis were measured using a two-dimensional position-sensitive detector. The data are composed of ringlike distributions with strong azimuthal and transverse energy dependence. The azimuthal distributions are compared with theoretical predictions based on the random string approximation using different forms of the interatomic potential. "Blocking" in the transverse plane is also observed. In addition, from an analysis of the radial spreading of the distribution the effects of inelastic scattering in the transverse plane are clearly seen.
The effects of nonlinear loads on EMI/RFI filters (2002)

Power feeder electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) filters are widely used in the US Army and industry for filtering unwanted signals on power lines supplying sensitive loads such as computers and communication equipment. Typically these low pass filters are passive circuits designed to attenuate frequencies above 10 kHz. Under 60 Hz sinusoidal conditions, the filters dissipate little power. But when nonlinear loads are present (such as those associated with computers, adjustable speed drives, electronic power supplies, and communication equipment), significant power dissipation can occur within the filters. This can shorten filter lifetime or even lead to complete filter failure. Laboratory testing and mathematical analyses were performed on a selected EMI/RFI filter to: (1) determine its frequency response in the 60 Hz to 3 kHz range; (2) identify the filter components that dissipate the most power when subjected to harmonic currents; and (3) measure filter component temperature rises when harmonic line currents are present. It is shown that power line harmonics, not considered by EMI/RFI filter manufacturers, interact with filter component parasitics and cause considerable power dissipation in the filters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Erasure code with shingled local parity groups for efficient recovery from multiple disk failures (2014)

The ever-growing importance and volume of digital content generated by ICT services has led to the demand for highly durable and space-efficient content storage technology. Erasure code can be an effective solution to such requirements, but the current research outcomes do not efficiently handle simultaneous multiple disk failures. We propose Shingled Erasure Code (SHEC), an erasure code with local parity groups shingled with each other, to provide efficient recovery for multiple disk failures while ensuring that the conflicting properties of space efficiency and durability are adjustable according to user requirements. We have confirmed that SHEC meets the design goals using the result of a numerical study on the relationships among the conflicting properties, and a performance evaluation of an actual SHEC implementation on Ceph, a type of open source scalable object storage software.
A cytoplasmic peptide of the neurotrophin receptor p75NTR: induction of apoptosis and NMR determined helical conformation (1997)

The neurotrophin receptor (NTR) and tumor necrosis factor receptor family of receptors regulate apoptotic cell death during development and in adult tissues [Beutler and van Huffel, Science 264 (1994) 667–668]. We have examined a fragment of p75NTR from the carboxyl terminus of the receptor and a variant form of this peptide via NMR techniques and in vitro assays for apoptotic activity. The wild type peptide induces apoptosis and adopts a helical conformation oriented parallel to the surface of lipid micelles, whereas the variant form adopts a non‐helical conformation in the presence of lipid and shows no activity. These experiments suggest a link between structure and function of the two peptides.
Preface (1995)

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Use of Modeling in Decision Making for Water Distribution Master Planning (2000)

One of the primary uses of water distribution system models is to identify problems and evaluate alternative solutions to existing or anticipated problems in water distribution planning. While numerous papers have been written on use of optimization for design, optimization techniques rarely fit real problems. Rather than discuss the generalities of modeling, this paper uses the Comprehensive Planning Study (CPS) (i.e. "master plan") of the water distribution system for the Pennsylvania American Water Company's (PAWC) Wilkes-Barre/Scranton system to illustrate the kinds of issues that drive modeling efforts in a master planning study.
Alleviation of Aflatoxin B1‐Induced Genomic Damage by Proanthocyanidins via Modulation of DNA Repair (2016)

In order to study the mechanisms underlying the alleviation of aflatoxin B1-induced genomic damage by proanthocyanidins (PAs), we examined the modulation of oxidative DNA damage induced by aflatoxin B1 in PAs-pretreated animals. The effects of PAs on changes in the expression of DNA damage and repair genes induced by aflatoxin B1 were also evaluated in rat marrow cells. Administration of PAs before aflatoxin B1 significantly mitigated aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative DNA damage in a dose-dependent manner. Aflatoxin B1 treatment induced significant alterations in the expression of specific DNA repair genes, and the pre-treatment of rats with PAs ameliorated the altered expression of these genes. Conclusively, PAs protect against aflatoxin B1-induced oxidative DNA damage in rats. These protective effects are attributed to the antioxidant effects of PA and enhanced DNA repair through modulation of DNA repair gene expression. Therefore, PAs are a promising chemoprotective agent for averting genotoxic risks associated with aflatoxin B1 exposure.
Generation of pulses shorter than 200 fs from a passively mode-locked Er fiber laser (1993)

The generation of stable bandwidth-limited pulses as short as 180 fs with pulse energies as high as 100 pJ is demonstrated with a passively mode-locked Er fiber. These are to our knowledge the shortest and most intense pulses directely produced from a mode-locked Er fiber laser to date. A wide stability regime is achieved by using a dispersion-compensated cavity and employing nonlinear polarization evolution for passive amplitude modulation.
Effect of dominant features on neural network performance in the classification of mammographic lesions (1999)

Two different classifiers, an artificial neural network (ANN) and a hybrid system (one step rule-based method followed by an artificial neural network) have been investigated to merge computer-extracted features in the task of differentiating between malignant and benign masses. A database consisting of 65 cases (38 malignant and 26 benign) was used in the study. A total of four computer-extracted features--spiculation, margin sharpness and two density-related measures--was used to characterize these masses. Results from our previous study showed that the hybrid system performed better than the ANN classifier. In our current study, to understand the difference between the two classifiers, we investigated their learning and decision-making processes by studying the relationships between the input features and the outputs. A correlation study showed that the outputs from the ANN-alone method correlated strongly with one of the input features (spiculation), yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.91, whereas the correlation coefficients (absolute value) for the other features ranged from 0.19 to 0.40. This strong correlation between the ANN output and spiculation measure indicates that the learning and decision-making processes of the ANN-alone method were dominated by the spiculation measure. Three-dimensional plots of the computer output as functions of the input features demonstrate that the ANN-alone method did not learn as effectively as the hybrid system in differentiating non-spiculated malignant masses from benign masses, thus resulting in an inferior performance at the high sensitivity levels. We found that with a limited database it is detrimental for an ANN to learn the significance of other features in the presence of a dominant feature. The hybrid system, which initially applied a rule concerning the value of the spiculation measure prior to employing an ANN, prevents over-learning from the dominant feature and performed better than the ANN-alone method in merging the computer-extracted features into a correct diagnosis regarding the malignancy of the masses.