gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Dispersive Infrared Sensor for Online Condition Monitoring of Gearbox Oil (2017)

The condition of lubricating oil used in automotive and industrial gearboxes must be controlled in order to guarantee optimum performance and prevent damage to machinery parts. In normal practice, this is done by regular oil change intervals and routine laboratory analysis, both of which involve considerable operating costs. In this paper, we present a compact and robust optical sensor that can be installed in the lubrication circuit to provide quasi-continuous information about the condition of the oil. The measuring principle is based on non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy. The implemented sensor setup consists of an optical measurement cell, two thin-film infrared emitters, and two four-channel pyroelectric detectors equipped with optical bandpass filters. We present a method based on multivariate partial least squares regression to select appropriate optical bandpass filters for monitoring the oxidation, water content, and acid number of the oil. We perform a ray tracing analysis to analyze and correct the influence of the light path in the optical setup on the optical parameters of the bandpass filters. The measurement values acquired with the sensor for three different gearbox oil types show high correlation with laboratory reference data for the oxidation, water content, and acid number. The presented sensor can thus be a useful supplementary tool for the online condition monitoring of lubricants when integrated into a gearbox oil circuit.
Methemoglobin‐Albumin Cluster Incorporating Protoporphyrin IX: Dual Functional Protein Drug for Photodynamic Therapy (2021)

We describe the synthesis, photophysical properties, and photodynamic activity of a methemoglobin (metHb) wrapped covalently by human serum albumins (HSAs) incorporating protoporphyrin IX (PPIX): a metHb-HSA<sub>3</sub> -PPIX<sub>2</sub> cluster. The metHb core catalyzes H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> disproportionation to generate O<sub>2</sub> in tumor tissue. The HSA<sub>3</sub> -PPIX<sub>2</sub> shell acts as a photosensitizer for <sup>1</sup> O<sub>2</sub> formation. The metHb-HSA<sub>3</sub> -PPIX<sub>2</sub> cluster acts as a dual functional protein drug for photodynamic therapy.
Distributed MIMO Systems for 6G (2023)

This study focuses on Distributed MIMO (D-MIMO) systems and provides a discussion about their role in next generation networks. The paradigm shift to distributed networks offers great potential to address the 6G requirements, through macro diversity. As 6G scenarios and use cases continue to emerge, new challenges are likely to arise that may affect the widespread imp-lementation of D-MIMO. To address those, different deployment options have been proposed for roll-out considerations. They are composed of several sub-components that can be categorized as (i) wireless or wired fronthaul/backhaul, (ii) analog or digital signals, (iii) distributed or centralized processing, and (iv) coherent or non-coherent transmission. To facilitate standardization efforts, we provide 3GPP-aligned terminology for network nodes, multi-point transmission and reception schemes. In order to enable large-scale implementation of D-MIMO systems, it is important to determine the needed amount of distribution, develop practical solutions for high-frequency bands, and ways to convey data that meet the transport requirements. On this regard, we discuss key enablers and present simulation results for D-MIMO systems towards 6G. In particular, we present solutions for D-MIMO networks in dynamic scenarios related to channel estimation and layer-l mobility considering coherent and non-coherent joint transmission, and analog fronthaul implementation using analog-radio-over-fiber that are promising for high (upper mm-Wave and (sub-)THz) carrier frequencies, as well as integrated access and backhaul, network-controlled repeaters, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces that are possible enablers for cost-efficient network densification at both low (cm-Wave, lower mm-Wave) and high carrier frequencies.
Schizophrenia classification using functional network features (2012)

This paper focuses on discovering statistical biomarkers (features) that are predictive of schizophrenia, with a particular focus on topological properties of fMRI functional networks. We consider several network properties, such as node (voxel) strength, clustering coefficients, local efficiency, as well as just a subset of pairwise correlations. While all types of features demonstrate highly significant statistical differences in several brain areas, and close to 80% classification accuracy, the most remarkable results of 93% accuracy are achieved by using a small subset of only a dozen of most-informative (lowest p-value) correlation features. Our results suggest that voxel-level correlations and functional network features derived from them are highly informative about schizophrenia and can be used as statistical biomarkers for the disease.
A Software-Defined Networking Solution for Interconnecting Network Functions in Service-Based Architectures (2022)

Mobile core networks handle critical control functions for delivering services in modern cellular networks. Traditional point-to-point architectures, where network functions are directly connected through standardized interfaces, are being substituted by service-based architectures (SBAs), where core functionalities are finer-grained microservices decoupled from the underlying infrastructure. In this way, network functions and services can be distributed, with scaling and fail-over mechanisms, and can be dynamically deployed, updated, or removed to support slicing. A myriad of network functions can be deployed or removed according to traffic flows, thereby increasing the complexity of connection management. In this context, 3GPP Release 16 defines the service communication proxy (SCP) as a unified communication interface for a set of network functions. In this paper, we propose a novel software-defined networking (SDN)-based solution with the same role for a service mesh architecture where network functions can be deployed anywhere in the infrastructure. We demonstrated its efficiency in comparison with alternative architectures.
Transformer-based molecular optimization beyond matched molecular pairs (2022)

Abstract Molecular optimization aims to improve the drug profile of a starting molecule. It is a fundamental problem in drug discovery but challenging due to (i) the requirement of simultaneous optimization of multiple properties and (ii) the large chemical space to explore. Recently, deep learning methods have been proposed to solve this task by mimicking the chemist’s intuition in terms of matched molecular pairs (MMPs). Although MMPs is a widely used strategy by medicinal chemists, it offers limited capability in terms of exploring the space of structural modifications, therefore does not cover the complete space of solutions. Often more general transformations beyond the nature of MMPs are feasible and/or necessary, e . g . simultaneous modifications of the starting molecule at different places including the core scaffold. This study aims to provide a general methodology that offers more general structural modifications beyond MMPs. In particular, the same Transformer architecture is trained on different datasets. These datasets consist of a set of molecular pairs which reflect different types of transformations. Beyond MMP transformation, datasets reflecting general structural changes are constructed from ChEMBL based on two approaches: Tanimoto similarity (allows for multiple modifications) and scaffold matching (allows for multiple modifications but keep the scaffold constant) respectively. We investigate how the model behavior can be altered by tailoring the dataset while using the same model architecture. Our results show that the models trained on differently prepared datasets transform a given starting molecule in a way that it reflects the nature of the dataset used for training the model. These models could complement each other and unlock the capability for the chemists to pursue different options for improving a starting molecule.
Synthesis and in Vitro Evaluation of Potential Antichagasic Dipeptide Prodrugs of Primaquine (1997)

American trypanosomiasis (Chagas' disease) is an endemic parasitic disease afflicting more than 20 million people in Latin America. Currently, therapy is unsatisfactory and only two drugs are available. Primaquine, an antimalarial drug, has trypanocidal activity. Dipeptide derivatives of primaquine, Phe-Arg-PQ, Lys-Arg-PQ, and Phe-Ala-PQ, were synthesized. The choice of the peptides was based on the primary specificity of cruzipain, the major cysteine proteinase from T cruzi. The prodrugs obtained were tested on the LLC-MK2 cell culture infected with trypomastigotes forms of T. cruzi. Phe-Arg-PQ, Lys-Arg-PQ, and Phe-Ala-PQ were active in all stages.
Chemoselective Strategy for the Direct Formation of Tetrahydro-2,5-methanobenzo[c]azepines or Azetotetrahydroisoquinolines via Regio- and Stereoselective Reactions (2019)

The present study reports regio- and highly diastereoselective preparative methods for the synthesis of versatile alkaloid-type compounds from oxiranylmethyl tetrahydroisoquinolines. 2,5-Methanobenzo[ c]azepines or azetidine-fused heterocycles were synthesized in tandem reactions depending on the absence or presence of a BF3 co-reagent. A high functional group tolerance has also been demonstrated. DFT calculations with an explicit solvent model confirmed the proposed reaction mechanisms and the role of kinetic controls on the stereochemical outcome of the reported new methods.
Structure of Metal Organic Frameworks and the Periodicity of Their Properties (2019)

A structural analysis is presented of metal organic frameworks associated with the periodicity of their properties due to the position of elements forming the framework in Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of Elements. As of today, 69 666 compounds of such coordination polymers containing 78 elements of the Periodic Table have been synthesized, and their structures have been characterized. Circumstances that hamper satisfactory analysis of the investigated structures are listed.
Spectroscopic studies of Rhus vernicifera and Polyporus versicolor laccase. Electronic structures of the copper sites (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic studies of Rhus vernicifera and Polyporus versicolor laccase. Electronic structures of the copper sitesDavid M. Dooley, Jill Rawlings, John H. Dawson, Philip J. Stephens, Lars-Erik Andreasson, B. G. Malmstrom, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 17, 5038–5046Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00511a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00511a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of Primary Structure on Initial Free Radical Products Trapped in A:T Polydeoxynucleotides X-Irradiated at 4 K (1993)

EPR measurements were made at Q-band microwave frequencies on powder samples pressed into pellets and X-irradiated at 4 K. Measurements were made at 4 K after no anneal, then after a 77 K anneal, and then after a 300 K anneal. In poly(dA):poly(T) the free radical distribution is approximately a simple sum of the distributions in the separate homopolymers. In poly(dA-T) the free radical distribution differs from that of poly(dA):poly(T). The clearest difference is that in poly-(dA):poly(T) the concentration of one-electron-reduced thymine (Tre.) is reduced relative to the total radical concentration. On warming the thymine-containing samples from 77 K to room temperature, the Tox. radical disappears and the (T-H5'). radical appears. Also, the Tre. radical disappears and the (T + H6). radical appears. There are three main conclusions. First, little or no transfer of free radicals between strands is needed to explain the data. Second, when A and T are interstacked, either the Tre. radical is less stable against recombination than other radical products or radical transfer occurs to an adjacent adenine. Third, in the poly- and oligonucleotides, the Tox. radical is a likely precursor to the (T-H5'). radical.
Local positioning WLANs communicating with unattended ground sensor (2002)

In this paper, a new WLAN integrating local positioning with Unattended Ground Sensors is described.
Adaptive Equalization in a Turbo Loop (2015)

Turbo equalization has been an important topic in wireless communication for some time. Various approaches to incorporating the a priori information from the decoder into the equalization process have been developed. In this paper, we present and investigate an algorithm for adaptive equalization in a turbo loop. The algorithm exploits the soft information from the decoder directly in the adaptation process, while keeping the complexity of the resulting method on the same order as the original adaptive algorithm. The performance of the proposed turbo equalizer is compared with that of existing turbo methods to demonstrate its practical value. Real-world underwater communication data from the KAM11 experiment are used to characterize the performance.
An algorithm for real time minimum toe clearance estimation from signal of in-shoe motion sensor (2021)

An algorithm has been constructed for estimating minimum toe clearance (MTC), an important gait parameter previously proven to be a critical indicator of tripping risk. It uses data from a previously reported in-shoe motion sensor (IMS) for detecting gait events. First, candidate feature points in the IMS signal for use in detecting MTC events were identified. Then, the temporal agreement between each feature point and target MTC event was evaluated. Next, the accuracy and precision of the MTC estimated using each feature point was evaluated using a reference value obtained using a 3-D optical motion-capture system. The MTC was estimated using a geometric model and the IMS signal corresponding to the predicted MTC event. Once the best candidate feature point was identified, a real-time MTC estimation algorithm for use with an IMS was constructed. The mean values and standard deviations of measured foot motions obtained in a previous study were used for evaluating accuracy and precision. The results suggest that MTC events can be estimated by detecting the crossing point between the acceleration waveforms in the anterior-posterior and superior-inferior directions in an accuracy of 2.0% gait cycle. Using this feature point enables the MTC to be estimated in real time with an accuracy of 8.6 mm, which will enable monitoring of MTC in daily living.
Tumor molecular differences associated with outcome disparities of Black patients with head and neck cancer (2022)

There are molecular differences between tumors of Black and White patients that may partially account for differences in survival. These may inform targeted treatment decisions to achieve equitable outcomes.
Hydrate Networks under Mechanical Stress – A Case Study for Co3(PO4)2·8H2O (2016)

Abstract The nature of the bound water in solids with hydrogen‐bonded networks depends not only on temperature and pressure but also on the nature of the constituents. The collapse and reorientation of these network structures determines the stability of hydrated solids and transitions to other crystalline or amorphous phases. Here, we study the mechanochemically induced loss of bound water in Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 · 8H 2 O and compare this process to the behavior under hydrostatic pressure. The associated phase transition and its kinetics were monitored by X‐ray powder diffraction with synchrotron radiation and quantitative IR spectroscopy. High shearing forces are responsible for the degradation of the hydrogen‐bonded network and the concomitant crystalline–amorphous transformation. UV/Vis spectroscopy, extended X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (EXAFS), and X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES) provided information about the short‐range order in the amorphous solid, and thermal analysis revealed its composition and showed that the moderate charge densities of the Co 2+ and PO 4 3– ions, which make the hydration enthalpy comparable to the binding energy of the counteranions, and the formation of hydrogen‐bonded networks favor multistage crystallization processes associated with the release and uptake of coordinated water. The changes of the Co 2+ coordination induce a color change from pink to blue; therefore, Co 3 (PO 4 ) 2 · 8H 2 O can be used as an overheat temperature indicator.
A first principles, multipole-based cable braid electromagnetic penetration model (2017)

We report in this paper a first principles, multipole-based cable braid electromagnetic penetration model. We apply this formulation to the case of a one-dimensional array of wires, which can be modeled analytically via a multipole-conformal mapping expansion for the wire charges and extension by means of Laplace solutions in bipolar coordinates. We analyze both electric and magnetic penetrations and compare results from the first principles cable braid electromagnetic penetration model to those obtained using the multipole-conformal mapping expansion method. We find results in very good agreement when using up to the octopole moment (for the first principles model), covering a dynamic range of radius-to-half-spacing ratio up to 0.6. These results give us the confidence that our first principles model works within the geometric characteristics of many commercial cables.
Types I and III collagens and the activities of prolyl hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase in skin lesions of tuberous sclerosis (1982)

Collagen synthesis and the ratios of collagen types I and III were assayed from the skin lesions of five subjects with tuberous sclerosis. Collagen synthesis, measured by the activities of prolyl hydroxylase and galactosylhydroxylysyl glucosyltransferase, was clearly increased in three angiofibromas of these patients and in one soft tumour of the face, but it was unchanged in shagreen patches. The total collagen content was decreased in angiofibromas, indicating either increased turnover of collagen or an increased amount of cellular or other macromolecular elements in these lesions. The proportions of types I and III collagens, estimated by cyanogenbromide digestion and SDS-gel electrophoresis, were 80-90% and 10-20%, respectively, in all samples except two angiofibromas, in which the relative amount of type III collagen was increased. This may indicate that angiofibromas of tuberous sclerosis are heterogenous with respect to the collagen types they contain, and that there may be disturbed cell growth or collagen synthesis, with individual variation from case to case.
Retromastoid-transmuscular identification and harvest of the occipital artery during retrosigmoid craniotomy (2019)

This transmuscular technique for identification of the OA is a reliable method and may facilitate exposure and protection of the OA during a retrosigmoid approach. This technique may obviate the need for larger incisions when planning a bypass to nearby arteries in the posterior circulation via a retrosigmoid craniotomy. Additionally, the small skin incision can be enlarged when a different craniotomy and/or bypass is planned or when a greater length of the OA is needed to be harvested.
Putative amino acid determinants of the emergence of the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus in the human population (2011)

The emergence of the unique H1N1 influenza A virus in 2009 resulted in a pandemic that has spread to over 200 countries. The constellation of molecular factors leading to the emergence of this strain is still unclear. Using a computational approach, we identified molecular determinants that may discriminate the hemagglutinin protein of the 2009 human pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) strain from that of other H1N1 strains. As expected, positions discriminating the pH1N1 from seasonal human strains were located in or near known H1N1 antigenic sites, thus camouflaging the pH1N1 strain from immune recognition. For example, the alteration S145K (an antigenic position) was found as a characteristic of the pH1N1 strain. We also detected positions in the hemagglutinin protein differentiating classical swine viruses from pH1N1. These positions were mostly located in and around the receptor-binding pocket, possibly influencing binding affinity to the human cell. Such alterations may be liable in part for the virus's efficient infection and adaptation to humans. For instance, 133(A) and 149 were identified as discriminative positions. Significantly, we showed that the substitutions R133(A)K and R149K, predicted to be pH1N1 characteristics, each altered virus binding to erythrocytes and conferred virulence to A/swine/NC/18161/02 in mice, reinforcing the computational findings. Our findings provide a structural explanation for the deficient immunity of humans to the pH1N1 strain. Moreover, our analysis points to unique molecular factors that may have facilitated the emergence of this swine variant in humans, in contrast to other swine variants that failed.
ROLLOVER CRASH SAFETY PATENTS II: ROLLBARS, STRUCTURE, CONVERTIBLES AND SENSING. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS (2004)

This chapter on rollover crash safety patents is from a comprehensive textbook on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers. After a brief introduction, the chapter consists of reprinted examples of rollover crash safety patents, primarily labeled line drawings with some very brief descriptions. This chapter focuses on concepts specific to rollbars, structure, convertibles, and sensing devices. It also includes concepts for front, side, and rear structure and crash sensing where the technology may have application to rollover crashes. The first page includes historical patents to show information on the concepts and technologies considered. The author notes that the industry converted to full steel turrets (roofs) in the late 1930s for rollover protection. The author located US patents by searching primary, secondary, and tertiary references for rollover safety related topics, using the United States Patent and Trademark Office website (http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/search).
A Software-Defined GPS and Galileo Receiver A Single-Frequency Approach (2006)

Preface List of Figures List of Tables Abbreviations Signals and Systems GPS Signal Galileo Signal GNSS Antennas and Front Ends GNSS Receiver Operation Overview Acquisition Carrier and Code Tracking Data Processing for Positioning Problems Appendix A. MATLAB Code Appendix B. GNSS Signal Simulation Bibliography Index
Highly dispersible, superparamagnetic magnetite nanoflowers for magnetic resonance imaging (2009)

A one-pot reaction process was developed to synthesize highly dispersible, superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoflowers; the potential of these nanoflowers as MRI contrast agents was investigated.