gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroprotection by the N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate Receptor Antagonist CGP 40116: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies (1995)

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of a novel competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, D-(E)-2-amino-4-methyl-5-phosphono-3-pentoic acid (CGP 40116), on neuronal damage in vivo and in vitro. We studied 20 rabbits that underwent a 2-h occlusion of the left internal carotid, anterior cerebral, and middle cerebral arteries followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Ten minutes after occlusion the animals were treated with either normal saline (n = 7) or CGP 40116 at two different doses (20 mg/kg, n = 6; 40 mg/kg, n = 7) administered over a 5-min period. Somatosensory evoked potentials were used to confirm adequate ischemia and neuronal injury was assessed by histopathology and magnetic resonance imaging. CGP 40116 decreased cortical ischemic neuronal damage by 74 and 77% (control, 37.8 +/- 13.1%; CGP 20 mg/kg, 9.9 +/- 3.6%; CGP 40 mg/kg, 8.7 +/- 3.7%; p < 0.01) and reduced cortical ischemic edema by 52 and 35% (control, 42.3 +/- 10.4%; CGP 20 mg/kg, 20.1 +/- 6.7%; CGP 40 mg/kg, 27.5 +/- 13.3%; p < 0.05) but did not protect against striatal injury. We performed a second study using primary cell cultures from mouse neocortex to determine the effects of CGP 40116 on neuronal death induced by a 10-min exposure to 500 microM NMDA or by 45 min of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Our results demonstrate that CGP 40116 was effective at attenuating neuronal death in a concentration-dependent manner (ED50 of 3.2 microM against NMDA toxicity and 23.1 microM against OGD) as measured by lactate dehydrogenase levels 24 h after the insult.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Biomechanics of Stabilization After Cervicothoracic Compression-Flexion Injury (2005)

Combined instrumentation provides a significant improvement in stability over either anterior or posterior instrumentation alone. Extension of the posterior instrumentation to include T2 improves stability at T1-T2 as well as rostral levels. Inclusion of C7 in the construct is largely inconsequential biomechanically.
Targeting B-Cell Lymphoma with Idiotype-Specific Peptibodies: Toward a Personalized and Tumor-Specific Therapy (2012)

Abstract Abstract 3713 Background: The complementarity determining region, or idiotype, of the surface immunoglobulin receptor is a tumor-specific marker on B-cell lymphomas that is unique to each patient. Antibodies against idiotype can induce complete regression of lymphoma in patients, but since this therapeutic approach requires the generation of a custom monoclonal antibody for each patient, it has not been practical. Objective: Here we describe a method for targeting the idiotype on the surface of a B-cell lymphoma by using synthetic idiotype-ligands covalently linked to a recombinant IgG Fc domain (Figure 1A). These peptide idiotype-ligands can be identified through oligopeptide library screens and produced inexpensively by automated solid-phase synthesis. Linkage of idiotype-ligands to the Fc domain serves two purposes: to enhance their pharmacokinetics and to augment their anti-tumor effect by activating immune effector functions. Since each patient-specific peptide can be chemically linked to a common IgG Fc domain, this modular construct design yields a patient-specific therapeutic that does not require the production of a custom biologic macromolecule for each patient. Results: Idiotype peptide-ligands were produced by solid-phase synthesis and covalently linked to the amino-terminus of a recombinant mouse IgG2a Fc domain by native chemical ligation, a method for site-selective polypeptide ligation. The resulting peptibody demonstrated targeted killing of a human lymphoma cell line in vitro by crosslinking surface immunoglobulin and triggering activation-induced death. Additionally, the peptibody triggered complement-mediated cytotoxicity of opsonized lymphoma cells in vitro and activated natural killer cells co-cultured with opsonized lymphoma cells. The peptibody exhibited a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and peptibody treatment was sufficient to clear tumor in SCID mice challenged intravenously with a luciferase-labeled human lymphoma cell line (p = 0.0018; Figure 1B-D). Conclusions: Idiotype-specific peptibodies demonstrate multimodal activity against lymphoma cells in vitro and clear human lymphoma in a disseminated xenograft model. The modular design of this therapeutic may enable a personalized and targeted therapy that is feasible to produce for patients with B-cell lymphoma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The TEL/platelet-derived growth factor β receptor (PDGFβR) fusion in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia is a transforming protein that self-associates and activates PDGFβR kinase-dependent signaling pathways (1996)

The TEL/PDGF beta R fusion protein is the product of the t(5;12) translocation in patients with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia. The TEL/PDGF beta R is an unusual fusion of a putative transcription factor, TEL, to a receptor tyrosine kinase. The translocation fuses the amino terminus of TEL, containing the helix-loop-helix (HLH) domain, to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain of the PDGF beta R. We hypothesized that TEL/PDGF beta R self-association, mediated by the HLH domain of TEL, would lead to constitutive activation of the PDGF beta R tyrosine kinase domain and cellular transformation. Analysis of in vitro-translated TEL/ PDGF beta R confirmed that the protein self-associated and that self-association was abrogated by deletion of 51 aa within the TEL HLH domain. In vivo, TEL/PDGF beta R was detected as a 100-kDa protein that was constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine and transformed the murine hematopoietic cell line Ba/F3 to interleukin 3 growth factor independence. Transformation of Ba/F3 cells required the HLH domain of TEL and the kinase activity of the PDGF beta R portion of the fusion protein. Immunoblotting demonstrated that TEL/PDGF beta R associated with multiple signaling molecules known to associate with the activated PDGF beta R, including phospholipase C gamma 1, SHP2, and phosphoinositol-3-kinase. TEL/PDGF beta R is a novel transforming protein that self-associates and activates PDGF beta R-dependent signaling pathways. Oligomerization of TEL/PDGF beta R that is dependent on the TEL HLH domain provides further evidence that the HLH domain, highly conserved among ETS family members, is a self-association motif.
A foldable OLED display with an in‐cell touch sensor having embedded metal‐mesh electrodes (2016)

Abstract A foldable organic light‐emitting diode display integrating a touch sensor is fabricated. The touch sensor has an in‐cell structure where metal‐mesh sensor electrodes are formed in a counter substrate. It is demonstrated that touch on the entire panel surface, including a bent portion, is detected and that the touch panel operates correctly after 100,000 folding operations with a radius of curvature of 5 mm.
Determination of the Absolute Configuration of (S)‐N‐(1‐Aryl‐allyl)‐3,5‐dinitrobenzamides and Their Elution Order on Brush‐Type Chiral Stationary Phases (2018)

A series of ten enantiomerically pure ( S )‐ N ‐(1‐aryl‐allyl)‐3,5‐dinitrobenzamides ( S ‐DNBs) was prepared using enzymatic resolution and chiral chromatography. Enzymatic resolution of corresponding 1‐aryl‐allylamines using Candida antarctica lipase B (CaLB) was efficient for amines with no steric hindrance near the stereogenic center and S ‐DNB amides were prepared by acylation of the obtained S ‐amine. When steric effects interrupted enzymatic resolution, racemic DNB amides were resolved using a brush‐type chiral column ( CSP‐A ) developed in our laboratory. Previously reported behavior of CaLB in kinetic resolution of amines was considered a starting point for the determination of absolute configuration (AC). The AC of prepared S ‐DNB amides was anticipated using the elution order of prepared DNB amides on CSP‐A and commercial Whelk‐O1 columns and comparison with DNB amides obtained after acylation of ( S )‐amines. The comparison between experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra with those obtained by conformational analysis and ECD calculations of representative compounds allowed us to verify the AC of prepared DNB amides.
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for self tumor immunoglobulin express T cell receptor delta chain. (1989)

CTL are thought to play a role in the elimination of transformed cells in vivo. The effectiveness of such CTL is in part dependent on recognition of tumor specific antigens. Among the best characterized tumor-specific antigens are the unique or idiotypic determinants on the Ig of B cell lymphomas. Here we describe the generation and properties of human CTL specific for the idiotype on autologous B cell tumors. These cells are CD3+,CD4-,CD8- and express the delta chain of the TCR. Such cells may prove useful in tumor-specific adoptive therapy.
Fully depleted extremely thin SOI for mainstream 20nm low-power technology and beyond (2010)

We present circuit design aspects of fully depleted extremely thin SOI (ETSOI) enabling 22 nm low-power CMOS and beyond, and demonstrate that all devices including analog, I/O, and passive devices can be fabricated in the thin silicon layer. Excellent device matching, g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> /g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> scaling to small gate length, good RF performance, and absence of history effect are the main features of the ETSOI technology.
Impact of Artificial Intelligence Assistance on Chest CT Interpretation Times: A Prospective Randomized Study (2022)

<b>BACKGROUND.</b> Deep learning-based convolutional neural networks have enabled major advances in development of artificial intelligence (AI) software applications. Modern AI applications offer comprehensive multiorgan evaluation. <b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The purpose of this article was to evaluate the impact of an automated AI platform integrated into clinical workflow for chest CT interpretation on radiologists' interpretation times when evaluated in a real-world clinical setting. <b>METHODS.</b> In this prospective single-center study, a commercial AI software solution was integrated into clinical workflow for chest CT interpretation. The software provided automated analysis of cardiac, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal findings, including labeling, segmenting, and measuring normal structures as well as detecting, labeling, and measuring abnormalities. AI-annotated images and autogenerated summary results were stored in the PACS and available to interpreting radiologists. A total of 390 patients (204 women, 186 men; mean age, 62.8 ± 13.3 [SD] years) who underwent out-patient chest CT between January 19, 2021, and January 28, 2021, were included. Scans were randomized using 1:1 allocation between AI-assisted and non-AI-assisted arms and were clinically interpreted by one of three cardiothoracic radiologists (65 scans per arm per radiologist; total of 195 scans per arm) who recorded interpretation times using a stopwatch. Findings were categorized according to review of report impressions. Interpretation times were compared between arms. <b>RESULTS.</b> Mean interpretation times were significantly shorter in the AI-assisted than in the non-AI-assisted arm for all three readers (289 ± 89 vs 344 ± 129 seconds, <i>p</i> < .001; 449 ± 110 vs 649 ± 82 seconds, <i>p</i> < .001; 281 ± 114 vs 348 ± 93 seconds, <i>p</i> = .01) and for readers combined (328 ± 122 vs 421 ± 175 seconds, <i>p</i> < .001). For readers combined, the mean difference was 93 seconds (95% CI, 63-123 seconds), corresponding with a 22.1% reduction in the AI-assisted arm. Mean interpretation time was also shorter in the AI-assisted arm compared with the non-AI-assisted arm for contrast-enhanced scans (83 seconds), noncontrast scans (104 seconds), negative scans (84 seconds), positive scans without significant new findings (117 seconds), and positive scans with significant new findings (92 seconds). <b>CONCLUSION.</b> Cardiothoracic radiologists exhibited a 22.1% reduction in chest CT interpretations times when they had access to results from an automated AI support platform during real-world clinical practice. <b>CLINICAL IMPACT.</b> Integration of the AI support platform into clinical workflow improved radiologist efficiency.
Inverse-cavity structure for low-threshold miniature lasers (2022)

Creating micro and nano lasers, high threshold gain is an inherent problem that have critically restricted their great technological potentials. Here, we propose an inverse-cavity laser structure where its threshold gain in the shortest-cavity regime is order-of-magnitude lower than the conventional cavity configurations. In the proposed structure, a resonant feedback mechanism efficiently transfers external optical gain to the cavity mode at a higher rate for a shorter cavity, hence resulting in the threshold gain reducing with decreasing cavity length in stark contrast to the conventional cavity structures. We provide a fundamental theory and rigorous numerical analyses confirming the feasibility of the proposed structure. Remarkably, the threshold gain reduces down by a factor ~ 10<sup>-3</sup> for a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser structure and ~ 0.17 for a lattice-plasmonic nanocavity structure. Therefore, the proposed approach may produce extremely efficient miniature lasers desirable for variety of applications potentially beyond the present limitations.
Comparison and improvement of laboratory SIP and NMR models of permeability (2015)

Summary In this laboratory study, permeability models using spectral induced polarization (SIP) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data are tested on a large set of sandstone cores in order to compare the effectiveness of each method. Models from the literature are first tested to assess and compare their applicability to the sandstone cores. In order to correct for the effect of variations in mineralogy on the models, the samples are split into two distinct groups: cores without large amounts of iron oxides and cores with visible concentrations of iron oxides. Established petrophysical models are used to determine fitting parameters that for each group of cores, suggesting that mineralogy is a controlling factor in SIP and NMR data. This simple categorization according to the mineralogy is enough to reduce scatter in the predicted permeability values. In general, the NMR models outperform the SIP models, although accounting for mineralogy improves the SIP models to a greater extent.
Cancer cells release anaphylatoxin C5a from C5 by serine protease to enhance invasiveness (2014)

Anaphylatoxin C5a indirectly fosters cancer cells through recruitment of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDS) for inhibiting antitumor CD8+ T cells and induction of neovascularization. We recently found activation of cancer cells by C5a directly via the C5a-receptor (C5aR; CD88) to enhance invasiveness. Thus, C5a possibly contributes to cancer progression rather than elimination. C5a generation in cancer tissues has been reported; however, the mechanism is not fully elucidated. Cancer cell expression of complement regulatory molecules suggests inefficient C5a generation through activation of the complement system in response to cancer cells. To explore another C5a generation mechanism in cancer tissues, we examined cancer cells for C5a-releasing activity from C5. C5a was present in C5-supplemented culture media of cancer cells including C5aR-expressing cells, and the media enhanced C5aR-expressing cancer cell invasion, which was abolished by anti-C5a antibody. The C5a-releasing activity was absent in the supernatants of the media and was inhibited by aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor, and decanoyl-Arg-Val-Lys-Arg-chloromethylketone but not by inhibitors specific for cysteine, acid, or metal proteases. These results indicated C5a release from C5 by a cancer cell membrane-bound serine protease that can cleave peptide bonds at the carboxy-terminal site of paired basic amino acid residues. Cancer cell C5a release from the complement-immobilized plasma supported feasibility of this cancer cell protease-dependent C5a generation in cancer tissues. The new mechanism of C5a generation suggests self-activation of C5aR-expressing cancer cells to enhance invasiveness and induction of MDS recruitment and neovascularization to create a microenvironment favorable for cancer progression.
Does a Low Protein Diet Really Slow Down the Rate of Progression of Chronic Renal Failure? (1989)

In this paper we present evidence from data obtained by different study groups, indicating that a low protein diet slows down the rate of progression of chronic renal failure. These data also demonstrate that the delay of progression is highly dependent on the underlying renal disease. In absolute terms, patients suffering from polycystic kidney disease experienced most benefit from a low protein diet, while in relative terms, the natural course of the renal disease of patients suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis is significantly more delayed than in other disease groups. Furthermore, a vegetarian diet seems to be superior to a meat-containing diet. Thus, we conclude that there are sufficient data from the literature to suggest that a low protein diet delays the progression of chronic renal failure.
Generating iPSC-Derived Choroidal Endothelial Cells to Study Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2015)

Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived CECs will be a valuable tool for modeling of choriocapillaris-specific insults in AMD and for use in future choroidal endothelial cell replacement approaches.
Stationary Reference Frame Position Sensorless Control Based on Stator Flux Linkage and Sinusoidal Current Tracking Controller for IPMSM (2017)

Generally, standard direct torque control (DTC) does not require fine current responses from the current controller because the torque and flux of a DTC-based drive are controlled by a closed-loop system without current loops. It is often difficult for the standard DTC to achieve the desired current regulation and fine harmonic current disturbance suppression performancew. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new stationary reference frame position sensorless control system based on stator flux linkage estimation, and a new sinusoidal current tracking controller. In this paper, the current control performance of IPMSMs using the proposed sinusoidal current tracking controller is evaluated through numerical simulation and experiments. Finally, using the proposed sinusoidal current tracking controller, the effectiveness of the proposed stationary reference frame position sensorless control system with the stator flux control method is confirmed through experimental results.
Polarisation optical-time-domain reflectometry : experimental results and application to loss and birefringence measurements in single-mode optical fibres (1980)

Optical time-domain reflectometry is now a well established means of examining the length-dependence of attenuation in multimode optical fibres. Theoretical work has shown that the technique is similarly applicable to monomode fibres and experimental results have lately appeared in the literature. It has recently been noted that in monomode fibres the scatter return contains additional information concerning the local state of polarisation (SOP) in the fibre, since at any point the scattered light mirrors the SOP at that position. A polarisation optical time-domain reflectometry technique (POTDR) has thus been proposed, in which the backscattered light is analysed by means of a polariser to reveal the variation of polarisation along a mononode fibre. Such a technique would be invaluable in the study of the properties of polarisation-maintaining fibres for sensor applications (e.g. gyroscopes, hydrophones) and of low-birefringence fibres for the Faraday Current Monitor and telecommunications. In the latter case, information could be obtained relating to the polarisation dispersion in the fibre and to the variation of the SOP with time, an effect which is expected to produce problems when interfacing to integrated-optics devices. We present here the first measurement to be made using POTDR. Our results clearly establish the feasibility of the technique and, furthermore, show that polarisation effects can cause substantial errors in conventional backscatter attenuation measurements on monomode fibres. Consequently, care must be taken to eliminate the polarisation sensitivity of the measurement and caution exercised in the interpretation of backscatter curves.
A small molecule CRTH2 antagonist inhibits FITC-induced allergic cutaneous inflammation (2008)

A FITC-induced allergic contact hypersensitivity model was used to investigate the role that the prostaglandin D(2) receptor-chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on T(h)2 cells (CRTH2) plays in modulating cutaneous inflammation. Our results show that inhibition of CRTH2, achieved via administration of a potent, small molecule antagonist, Compound A (Cmpd A), effectively blocked edema formation and greatly reduced the inflammatory infiltrate and skin pathology observed in drug vehicle-treated animals. Gene expression analysis revealed that Cmpd A administration down-regulated the transcription of a wide range of pro-inflammatory mediators. This correlated with decreases in cytokine and chemokine protein levels, notably IL-4, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, transforming growth factor-beta, GRO-alpha, MIP-2 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in FITC-challenged ears. The administration of an anti-TSLP-neutralizing antibody was only partially effective in lowering the FITC-induced inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine production compared with the CRTH2 antagonist. Taken together, these data suggest that blockade of CRTH2 inhibits multiple pathways leading to cutaneous inflammation in this model. This suggests that CRTH2 antagonism may be a viable route for therapeutic intervention in allergic skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis.
An Initial Investigation into Parental Perceptions Surrounding the Impact of Mobile Media Use on Child Behavior and Executive Functioning (2022)

Children demonstrate increasing early engagement with mobile media facilitated by its portability and interactivity. Parents are known to employ a range of mediation strategies for mobile media use but continue to have limited awareness about the impact of mobile media on their child’s executive functioning. Mobile media use has previously been shown to be negatively correlated with the executive functioning development of a child; however, little is known of how parents approach their child’s mobile media use. This study employed a survey design ( <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><a:mi>N</a:mi><a:mo>=</a:mo><a:mn>281</a:mn></a:math> ) to examine how parents access information related to mobile media and document their perspectives about the impact of mobile media on their child’s behavior and executive functioning. Correlational analyses and cooccurrence graphs showed that parents implement several mediation strategies but rarely access guidelines on mobile media use. A confirmatory factor analysis examined the model fit for four latent constructs of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF®), which included the Inhibit, Emotional Control, Initiate, and Working Memory scales. Structural equation modelling substantiated the association between parental perception of negative impacts of mobile media related to their child’s behavior, academics, and/or attention and a lower observed executive functioning. Overall, these findings suggest that parents recognize the negative impacts of mobile media on their child’s behavior, and this is associated with how they see the development of their child’s executive functioning. The results emphasize the importance of educating parents as to the role of mobile media in shaping their child’s behavior and associated executive functions.