gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entomophthora canadensis n.sp., a fungus pathogenic on the woolly pine needle aphid, Schizolachnus piniradiatae (1979)

Entomophthora canadensis n. sp. is described and illustrated, and its morphological development traced. The new species differs from all other species of the genus, by its distinctively shaped conidia, long–elliptical to nearly cylindrical, average 25.0 μm × 10.0 μm, and its ornamented azygospores, verruculose to lightly rugulose, average 34.0 μm diameter. It is compared with E. aphidis, within which it has been included, and E. sphaerosperma, the species it most closely resembles.Entomophthora canadensis is currently known only from populations of the aphid Schizolachnus piniradiatae, in red pine plantations in Ontario, Canada.
Local, regional, and systemic recurrence rates in patients undergoing skin‐sparing mastectomy compared with conventional mastectomy (2010)

SSM is an acceptable treatment option for patients who are candidates for immediate breast reconstruction. Local-regional recurrence rates are similar to those of patients undergoing CM. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
A nocturnal cold front over complex terrain and its influence on the ozone concentrations at the ground (1996)

Am Beispiel einer Kaltfront, die in der Nacht vom 11. auf den 12. September 1992 das TRACT-Gebiet (Ostfrankreich, Süddeutschland und Nordschweiz) passierte, wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit eine synoptische Analyse unter Hinzunahme der bodennahen Ozonkonzentrationen durchgeführt. Beginnend mit einer Frontanalyse auf der Basis der Stationsmeldungen des Europäischen Wetterberichtes wird die Analyse auf zwei Arten erweitert: Zum einen werden alle verfügbaren meteorologischen Bodenmeßstationen im TRACT-Gebiet hinzugenommen, zum anderen wird der plötzliche Ozonsprung im dichten Netz der chemischen Bodenstationen ausgewertet. An den meisten tiefer gelegenen Stationen (z < 400 m ü. NN) wurde dabei ein Ozonanstieg (Sekundärmaximum) beobachtet, an höheren Stationen und Reinluftstationen dagegen ein plötzlicher Ozonrückgang. Die Untersuchungen belegen einen engen zeitlichen Zusammenhang von Frontpassage und Ozonsprung am Boden. Dieser Zusammenhang wird hervorgerufen durch eine starke Intensivierung der vertikalen Durchmischung der stabil geschichteten nächtlichen Grenzschicht und einen Luftmassenaustausch zwischen verschiedenen Höhen durch Aufgleit- und Absinkvorgänge. Es ergab sich eine deutliche Deformation der Front durch die Mittelgebirge und damit verbunden eine Verzögerung der Frontpassage um bis zu zwei Stunden. Insgesamt ergibt der Vergleich von meteorologischer Analyse und Auswertung der Spurengaskonzentrationen eine gute Übereinstimmung, wobei im Süden des Untersuchungsgebietes, am Alpenrand, die Abweichungen etwas größer sind als im Norden.
Functional Association of Somatostatin Receptor Subtypes 2 and 5 in Inhibiting Human Growth Hormone Secretion (2003)

We previously demonstrated that somatostatin (SRIF)-induced inhibition of GH secretion from human pituitary cells is mediated through both the SRIF receptor (SSTR) 2 and 5 subtypes. The interplay between these two SSTR subtypes in regulating GH was therefore tested in primary human fetal pituitary cultures (18-30 wk gestation). GHRH (10 nM)-stimulated GH secretion (51% increase, P < 0.05) was suppressed equally by either SSTR2 or SSTR5-selective agonists (10 nM). GH suppression correlated with agonist affinity for their respective receptor subtypes. Combined addition of SSTR2- and SSTR5-specific agonists was synergistic for GH suppression, achieving 73% (P < 0.05) inhibition as compared with inhibition attained with SSTR2 (32%) and SSTR5 (34%) agonists used alone (P < 0.05). The SSTR2 selective antagonist BIM-23454 dose-dependently blocked SSTR2 but not SSTR5-induced suppression of GH secretion. BIM-23454 also completely reversed GH suppression in response to the combined activation of SSTR2 and SSTR5. The IC(50) for BIM-23454 reversal of agonist-induced GH suppression was 55 nM and 33 nM for two SSTR2 agonists, 45 nM and 40 nM for the combination of SSTR2 and SSTR5 agonists, respectively, and 45 nM for the SSTR2/SSTR5 agonist BIM-23244, all of which were similar to the affinity of BIM-23454 for SSTR2 (32 nM). These results suggest the following: 1) activation of both SSTR2 and SSTR5 induces a functional association of receptor subtypes, resulting in synergistic GH suppression; 2) BIM-23454 is a potent SSTR2-selective antagonist capable of reversing SRIF-induced GH suppression; and 3) the ability of a selective SSTR2 antagonist to inhibit the GH suppressing action of SSTR2 agonist alone, SSTR2/SSTR5 biselective agonists, or SSTR2 and SSTR5 agonists in combination support the concept of a functional interaction between somatotroph SSTR2 and SSTR5 subtypes in primary human fetal pituitary cells.
Characterization of the IgD Binding Site of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Serotype b (2007)

Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae is a causative agent of invasive disease, such as meningitis and septicemia. Several interactions exist between H. influenzae and the human host. H. influenzae has been reported to bind IgD in a nonimmune manner, but the responsible protein has not yet been identified. To define the binding site on IgD for H. influenzae, full-length IgD and four chimeric IgDs with interspersed IgG sequences and Ag specificity for dansyl chloride were expressed in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells. The binding of recombinant IgD to a panel of encapsulated H. influenzae serotype b (Hib) and nontypeable strains were investigated using a whole cell ELISA and flow cytometry. IgD binding was detected in 50% of the encapsulated Hib strains examined, whereas nontypeable H. influenzae did not interact with IgD. Finally, mapping experiments using the chimeric IgD/IgG indicated that IgD CH1 aa 198-224 were involved in the interaction between IgD and H. influenzae. Thus, by using recombinant IgD and chimeras with defined Ag specificity, we have confirmed that Hib specifically binds IgD, and that this binding involves the IgD CH1 region.
Cross-Modal Cortical Activity in the Brain Can Predict Cochlear Implantation Outcome in Adults: A Machine Learning Study (2021)

Individual tactile and visual processing in the brain best classified the current status when classified by combined sensor-source level features. Our results suggest that cross-modal brain plasticity due to deafness may provide a basis for classifying the status. We expect this novel method to contribute to the evaluation and prediction of CI outcomes.
Eavesdropping on Electronic Guidebooks: Observing Learning Resources in Shared Listening Environments (2002)

We describe an electronic guidebook, Sotto Voce, that enables visitors to share audio information by eavesdropping on each other's guidebook activity. We have conducted three studies of visitors using electronic guidebooks in a historic house: one study with open air audio played through speakers and two studies with eavesdropped audio. An analysis of visitor interaction in these studies suggests that eavesdropped audio provides more social and interactive learning resources than open air audio played through speakers.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION STUDIES ON BETA‐LACTAM ANTIBIOTICS. SYNTHESIS OF PENAM AND CEPHEM SULFOXIDES AND SULFONES (1984)

Abstract Die Penicilline (Ia) und Cephalosporine (IIa) werden durch H 2 O, in Essigsäure zu den Sulfoxiden (Ib) bzw. (IIb) und in Ameisensäure zu den Sulfonen (Ic) bzw. (IIc) oxidiert.
Basic Research Needs for Catalysis Science to Transform Energy Technologies: Report from the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences Workshop May 8–10, 2017, in Gaithersburg, Maryland (2017)

Energy technologies affect virtually every aspect of life in modern societies—including transportation, utilities, agriculture, medicine, and the availability of a myriad of consumer products—and depend on human ability to accelerate and to guide chemical transformations. Controlling these transformations, which occur in the microscopic world of atoms and molecules, forms the basis of countless technologies such as production of fuels, fertilizers, plastics, pharmaceuticals and much more. At the very core of these chemical transformations are catalysts—specialized and often highly complex types of matter that allow chemical reactions to occur rapidly and produce specific products. Catalysts also have the remarkable ability to perform their tasks millions of times without themselves being consumed. The discovery of inexpensive and widely-deployable energy and chemical technologies, and their underpinning catalysis science, is critical to ensure the economic viability of U.S. energy and chemical industries. Over the past decade, remarkable new tools have been discovered that allow the observation of catalytic transformations in exquisite detail, and assembly of novel and elaborate catalytic architectures with atomic precision. Furthermore, increasingly sophisticated theoretical and computational tools allow understanding of the essential details of the catalytic processes, and this overall progress has led to the discovery of catalysts with superior performance and the associated economic benefit. In the next decade and beyond, science promises to revolutionize how catalysts and catalytic processes are designed, to enable the introduction of new energy resources, to provide routes to sustainable synthesis of chemicals and other valuable materials, and to create novel approaches to chemical energy storage. This report is the result of the Basic Energy Sciences Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Catalysis Science to Transform Energy Technologies that was held in May 2017, and was attended by more than 100 leading national and international scientific experts. The attendees were organized into four panels: 1. Diversified Energy Feedstocks and Carriers, 2. Novel Approaches to Energy Transformations, 3. Advanced Chemical Conversion Approaches, and 4. Crosscutting Capabilities and Challenges: Synthesis, Theory, and Characterization. The workshop identified five priority research directions (PRDs) that are aimed at harnessing complexity in catalysis to create next-generation energy technologies and realizing efficient catalytic processes to increase the diversity of resources for production of chemicals and energy.
Simulation of Highly Multimode Star Couplers in Polymers (1993)

Optical star couplers are widely used in lightwave local-area networks for even distribution of signals among several users.
Data from PERK–Dependent Regulation of Ceramide Synthase 6 and Thioredoxin Play a Key Role in <i>mda</i>-7/IL-24–Induced Killing of Primary Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Melanoma differentiation associated gene-7(&lt;i&gt;mda&lt;/i&gt;-7) encodes IL-24, a cytokine that can selectively trigger apoptosis in transformed cells. Recombinant &lt;i&gt;mda&lt;/i&gt;-7 adenovirus (Ad.&lt;i&gt;mda&lt;/i&gt;-7) effectively kills glioma cells, offering a novel gene therapy strategy to address deadly brain tumors. In this study, we defined the proximal mechanisms by which Ad-&lt;i&gt;mda&lt;/i&gt;-7 kills glioma cells. Key factors implicated included activation of the endoplasmic reticulum stress kinase protein kinase R–like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK), Ca&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt; elevation, ceramide generation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. PERK inhibition blocked ceramide or dihydroceramide generation, which were critical for Ca&lt;sup&gt;++&lt;/sup&gt; induction and subsequent ROS formation. Activation of autophagy and cell death relied upon ROS formation, the inhibition of which ablated Ad.&lt;i&gt;mda&lt;/i&gt;-7–killing activity. In contrast, inhibiting TRX induced by Ad.MDA-7 enhanced tumor cytotoxicity and improved animal survival in an orthotopic tumor model. Our findings indicate that &lt;i&gt;mda&lt;/i&gt;-7/IL-24 induces an endoplasmic reticulum stress response that triggers production of ceramide, Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;, and ROS, which in turn promote glioma cell autophagy and cell death. Cancer Res; 70(3); 1120–9&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A novel human CD4 + T‐cell inducer subset with potent immunostimulatory properties (2009)

The complexity of immunoregulation has focused attention on the CD4+ T "suppressor" regulatory cell (Treg), which helps maintain balance between immunity and tolerance. An immunoregulatory T-cell population that upon activation amplifies cellular immune responses was described in murine models more than 30 years ago; however, no study has yet identified a naturally occurring T "inducer" cell type. Here, we report that the ectoenzyme CD39/NTPDase1 (ecto-nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1) helps to delineate a novel population of human "inducer" CD4+ T cells (Tind) that significantly increases the proliferation and cytokine production of responder T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, this unique Tind subset produces a distinct repertoire of cytokines in comparison to the other CD4+ T-cell subsets. We propose that this novel CD4+ T-cell population counterbalances the suppressive activity of suppressor Treg in peripheral blood and serves as a calibrator of immunoregulation.
Treatment of neuroleptic-induced akathisia with the 5-HT2antagonist mianserin (1999)

Mianserin at a low dose may be a promising therapeutic option for patients with acute neuroleptic-induced akathisia.
A novel mouse model for identification of HLA-A2.1 epitopes and evaluation of CEA cancer vaccine (2006)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006

4878 

CEA is a 180KDa glycoprotein over-expressed in a high percentage of adenocarcinomas and is currently under evaluation in clinical trials as target for immunotherapy in the treatment of colorectal cancer. An absolute requirement for an effective vaccination strategy targeting CEA is to overcome the immunologic tolerance. Pre-clinical studies cancer vaccine studies have been conducted so far in transgenic mice expressing the human tumor antigen and breaking tolerance requires aggressive and efficient strategies such as genetic vaccines. Among them, in vivo electroporation (EP) of plasmid DNA as well as replication-defective recombinant Ad have been shown to be safe and to induce strong humoral and cellular antigen-specific immune responses. However, because human MHC class I alleles are distinct from those of mice, animals transgenic for only CEA are not suitable for prediction of effective immunological correlates and testing HLA-A2-restricted vaccines. The most widely used and effective mouse model to test HLA-A2.1 restricted immune response are the HHD mice developed by F. Lemonnier at Pasteur institute: such mice express 1 and 2 domains of the human HLA-A2.1 molecule fused to the 3 domain from the mouse H-2Db molecule and to human β2-microglobulin. This molecular complex is functional for efficient epitope presentation. However, mice transgenic only for HHD are unsuitable for in vivo studies of HLA-A2-restricted, CEA-specific responses because these animals recognize CEA as a foreign antigen and lack central and peripheral T cell tolerance. For this reason, we generated HHD/CEA double transgenic mice by breeding transgenic mice homozygous for CEA and HHD. These mice express human CEA antigen presented exclusively by human HLA-A2 molecules. In fact, since these mice are transgenic for CEA, for HHD and lack mouse β2-microglobulin, they represent a unique in vivo animal model to study human immune response of a human CEA-based vaccine. Notably, our model differ from other mice where mouse MHC-I is still present and immunogenic and therapeutic efficacy may be hampered by mouse/human haplotype specificity and competition phenomena. Our data show that genetic vectors expressing CEA derivatives are able to efficiently break immune tolerance against CEA and to elicit strong immune response against known and novel HLA-A2.1 restricted CEA epitopes. Moreover, peptide-based vaccine resulted in effective responses against selected epitopes within the tumor antigen. Most importantly, significant protection was obtained in vaccinated mice upon B16-HHD-CEA tumor cell challenge, a tumor model in which human CEA epitopes are processed and presented by HHD molecule In conclusion, we have developed CEA transgenic mice expressing CEA as a self-antigen with a tissue distribution similar to that of humans which provides a relevant model for the evaluation of the potential efficacy of a human CEA-based vaccine.
Psychometric Properties of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview–Short Form Among U.S. Active Duty Military Service Members and Veterans (2023)

We assessed the interrater reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF) in a sample of 1,944 active duty service members and veterans seeking services for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and related conditions. The SITBI-SF demonstrated high interrater reliability and good convergent and discriminant validity. The measurement properties of the SITBI-SF were comparable across service members and veterans. Approximately 8% of participants who denied a history of suicidal ideation on the SITBI-SF reported suicidal ideation on a separate self-report questionnaire (i.e., discordant responders). Discordant responders reported significantly higher levels of PTSD symptoms than those who denied suicidal ideation on both response formats. Findings suggest that the SITBI-SF is a reliable and valid interview-based measure of suicide-related thoughts and behaviors for use with military service members and veterans. Suicide risk assessment might be optimized if the SITBI-SF interview is combined with a self-report measure of related constructs.
Improvement of Anti-aging Property at Low Temperature by Cr Addition in Bake Hardenable Ultra Low Nitrogen Steels (2015)

The effect of Cr, Mn, Mo, V, Nb, and Al on bake hardenability (BH) at 170°C and anti-aging properties, i.e. the inhibition of the appearance of yield point elongation (YPE) after low temperature aging, in ultra low N steels was investigated. It was found that Cr addition of 0.5–1.0 mass% apparently inhibit the appearance of YPE after aging for 3.6 ks at 100°C without much decreasing the amount of 2%BH at 170°C. The reason for the inhibition by Cr addition was discussed on the diffusion trap model, by using the interactions among Cr atom, N atom, and vacancy evaluated by first-principles calculation. The estimation indicates that (1) Cr would not inhibit the diffusion of N atoms as a repulsive interaction was expected for Cr–N complexes, (2) a small amount of vacancies introduced by skinpass rolling, which attracts strongly with N atoms, seems to play a main role on the inhibition of the diffusion of N atoms, (3) Cr could retard the annihilation of vacancies which trap N atoms during aging, since Cr atom attractively interacts with vacancy–N complexes. Moreover, the effect of annealing temperature and coiling temperature on bake hardenability was investigated, and the effect was found to be understood by the change of solute N, owing to the precipitation of CrN which has a precipitation nose at 650–700°C.
The State of the Union Is Strong: a Review of ASM's 6th Conference on Cell-Cell Communication in Bacteria (2018)

The 6th American Society for Microbiology Conference on Cell-Cell Communication in Bacteria convened from 16 to 19 October 2017 in Athens, GA. In this minireview, we highlight some of the research presented at that meeting that addresses central questions emerging in the field, including the following questions. How are cell-cell communication circuits designed to generate responses? Where are bacteria communicating? Finally, why are bacteria engaging in such behaviors?
Integrin modulation and signaling in leukocyte adhesion and migration (2007)

The movement of leukocytes from the blood into peripheral tissues plays a key role in immunity as well as chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The shear force of blood flow presents special challenges to leukocytes as they establish adhesion on the vascular endothelium and migrate into the underlying tissues. Integrins are a family of cell adhesion and signaling molecules, whose function can be regulated to meet these challenges. The affinity of integrins for their vascular ligands can be stimulated in subseconds by chemoattractant signaling. This aids in inducing leukocyte adhesion under flow conditions. Further, linkage of these integrins to the actin cytoskeleton also helps to establish adhesion to the endothelium under flow conditions. In the case of alpha4beta1 integrins, this linkage of the integrin to the cytoskeleton is mediated in part by the binding of paxillin to the alpha4 integrin subunit and the subsequent binding of paxillin to the cytoskeleton molecule talin. The movement of leukocytes along the vascular endothelium and in between endothelial cells requires the temporal and spatial regulation of small guanosine triphosphatases, such as Rac1. We describe mechanisms through which alpha4beta1 integrin signaling regulates appropriate Rac activation to drive leukocyte migration.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Direct Methylation of Primary and Secondary Aromatic Amines Using Carbon Dioxide and Molecular Hydrogen (2013)

[Ru(triphos)(tmm)] wurde in der katalytischen N-Methylierung von Anilinen eingesetzt unter Verwendung von CO2 als C1-Quelle und molekularem Wasserstoff als Reduktionsmittel. Sekundäre und primäre aromatische Amine wurden in hohen Ausbeuten mono- bzw. dialkyliert. In Kombination mit der Amidhydrierung bietet die N-Methylierung von Amiden einen effizienten Zugang zu nichtsymmetrischen tertiären Methyl-/Alkyl-/aromatischen Aminen.
Differential Expression of Gap Junction Proteins Connexin26, 32, and 43 in Normal and Crush-injured Rat Sciatic Nerves: Close Relationship Between Connexin43 and Occludin in the Perineurium (1999)

We immunohistochemically and morphometrically examined the expression of gap junction protein connexin (Cx) in normal and crush-injured rat sciatic nerves using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cx26 was localized in the perineurium and Cx43 was present in the perineurium and the epineurium, whereas Cx32 was confined to the paranodal regions of the nodes of Ranvier. Double labeling for connexins and laminin revealed that Cx43 was localized in multiple layers of the perineurium, whereas Cx26 was confined to the innermost layer. Double labeling for connexins and a tight junction protein, occludin, showed that occludin frequently coexisted with Cx43 but existed separately from Cx26 in the perineurium. After crush injury, the pattern of normal Cx32 expression was initially lost but recovered, whereas Cx43 rapidly appeared in the endoneurium and its expression was subsequently attenuated. Although crush injury produced no apparent alteration in Cx43 and occludin in the perineurium, a rapid increase and a subsequent decrease in the frequency of Cx26-positive spots during nerve regeneration were shown by morphometric analysis. These results indicate that Cx26, Cx32, and Cx43 are expressed differently in various types of cells in peripheral nerves and that their expressions are differentially regulated after injury. The expression of connexins and occludin in the perineurium suggests that perineurial cells are not uniform in type and that the regulation of gap junctions and tight junctions is closely related in the perineurium.