gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for attenuation of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) impulse strength with preservation of GnRH pulse frequency in men with chronic renal failure. (1993)

To investigate the nature of putative disturbances in pulsatile gonadotropin (LH) secretion in men with chronic renal failure, we undertook blood sampling at 10-min intervals for 24 h in 9 hemodialysis-dependent uremic men and 16 community- and age-matched controls. Serum LH concentrations were measured in a 2-site immunoradiometric assay, which does not cross-react with free alpha or LH beta-subunit and correlates well with an in vitro Leydig cell bioassay. Deconvolution analysis was applied to calculate the number, amplitude, mass, and duration of spontaneous LH release episodes and simultaneously estimate the half-life of endogenous LH in each subject. We observed that: 1) the estimated half-life of immunoradiometric LH removal from plasma averaged 103 +/- 11 min in normal and 207 +/- 29 min in uremic men (P < 0.01); 2) the number of LH secretory bursts was slightly higher in uremic than healthy men (e.g. 20 +/- 2.2 vs. 15 +/- 1.0 secretory bursts/24 h, respectively; P = 0.05); 3) the mass of LH secreted per burst was approximately 50% lower in chronic renal failure than in health, namely 1.4 +/- 0.18 vs. 2.8 +/- 0.42 IU/L (P < 0.01); 4) the decrease in the mass of LH secreted per burst was not due to a decline in LH secretory burst amplitude, but rather an attenuation of LH secretory burst duration (4.8 +/- 0.35 min in uremic vs. 11 +/- 1.3 min in normal men; P < 0.001); 5) the mean 24-h serum immunoradiometric LH concentration was significantly higher in uremia at 5.7 +/- 0.68 vs. 3.6 +/- 0.41 IU/L in controls (P = 0.017); and 6) serum estradiol concentrations were increased in uremia, but total and free testosterone concentrations did not differ significantly between the two subject groups. In response to synthetic GnRH (10 micrograms, administered iv after the 24-h basal sampling period), the mean mass of immunoradiometric LH released within each calculated LH secretory burst was similar in uremic (n = 8) and normal (n = 21) individuals. We conclude that uremia is accompanied by a specific defect in the pulsatile mode of LH secretion, which is marked by an abbreviation of LH secretory burst duration and a consequent fall in the mass of LH secreted per spontaneous release episode. There is no overall decline in LH secretory pulse frequency or gonadotroph responsiveness to a submaximally effective dose of exogenous GnRH. Such findings are consistent with diminished hypothalamic GnRH impulse strength.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Resolution Enhancement Using Timefrequency Spectral Modelling and Fourier Scaling Theorem (2017)

Summary Improving vertical resolution is important for detecting more detail in seismic data. Most bandwidth-broadening methods assumed the seismic source wavelet to be time-invariant, or stationary. In practice, seismic scattering and attenuation lead to non-stationary seismic source wavelets. To address this issue, we propose to approximate the time-variant wavelet spectra using the generalized S-transform and the non-stationary polynomial fitting. We then replace the estimated time-variant wavelet spectra by bandwidth-enhanced wavelet spectra, which are made by stacking the weighted amplitude spectra of the estimated, stretched and squeezed wavelets. The stretched and squeezed wavelet spectra are calculated using the Fourier scaling theorem. We test the performance of the algorithm on synthetic and real data to obtain broader frequency spectra without greatly boosting the noise.
Expression of the Open Reading Frame 74 (G-Protein-Coupled Receptor) Gene of Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS)-Associated Herpesvirus: Implications for KS Pathogenesis (1999)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS)-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor (GCR) homolog. This protein is a potent, constitutively active signalling molecule that can influence both proliferation and angiogenesis when ectopically expressed in fibroblasts in vitro. Here we have examined the expression of the KSHV GCR gene in virus-infected lymphoid cells and in KS tumors. Our results show that in both situations the gene is expressed primarily during lytic replication; its transcription is unaffected by inhibition of viral DNA synthesis, indicating that it is expressed in the early phases of the lytic program. The major transcript bearing GCR sequences is bicistronic, harboring coding sequences for another viral gene, K14, at its 5' end. Extensive searches for monocistronic GCR mRNAs using nuclease mapping and reverse transcription-PCR failed to detect such species. The 5' end of K14/GCR mRNA maps to nucleotide (nt) 127848, and its poly(A) addition site maps to nt 130546; a 149-nt intron is present in the K14/GCR intergenic region. These results suggest that the KSHV GCR is translated by unconventional mechanisms involving either translational reinitiation, internal ribosomal entry, or leaky ribosomal scanning. The restriction of GCR expression to the lytic cycle has important implications for the potential role(s) of the GCR in KS pathogenesis.
ATTEMPTS System: A Macromolecular Prodrug Strategy for Cancer Drug Delivery (2010)

In order to reduce systemic toxicity and effectively deliver macromolecular drug into tumor cells, a system termed "ATTEMPTS" (antibody targeted, [protamine] triggered, electrically modified prodrug-type strategy) was developed in our laboratory. This approach was adapted from our previously reported heparin/protamine-based system for controlled delivery of protease drugs such as tissue- specific plasminogen activator (tPA). In this "ATTEMPTS" system, the cell-permeable protein drugs are synthesized by conjugating proteins to cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs). Cell penetration ability of such CPP-protein conjugates would initially be disabled, acting as a "prodrug", by forming polyelectrolyte complexes with a functionalized heparin-antibody moiety. The complexes would accumulate in tumor sites by the antibody targeting function, and then the local release of CPP-protein conjugates would be triggered by protamine. We applied this system to the macromolecular anticancer agents, such as the protein drugs (gelonin and asparaginase) as well as the polymerdrugs (polyrotaxane-doxorubicin and polyrotaxane-camptothecin). Both in vitro and preliminary in vivo studies demonstrated the regulable cell penetration behavior based on the competitive ionic interactions between CPP/heparin and heparin/protamine. Thus, this ATTEMPTS approach provides a multi-functionalized system incorporating the features of targeting, prodrug-like, triggerable release, and cell penetration ability for the delivery of macromolecular anticancer agents. A summary of our work on "ATTEMPTS" is presented in this review.
Proceedings of the thirteenth ACM international symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing (2012)

On behalf of the organizing committee, it is my pleasure to welcome you to MobiHoc 2012, the Thirteenth ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing. MobiHoc continues its tradition of serving as the premier forum for bringing together researchers and practitioners on a broad spectrum of wireless networking and mobile computing topics that include mobile ad hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, wireless mesh networks, cognitive radio networks, and other emerging areas. MobiHoc 2012 is being held on the beautiful Hilton Head Island, SC, which we hope will provide an enjoyable environment for presenting the most recent research achievements and connecting with the research community in these areas.

This year's MobiHoc includes seven exciting technical sessions that include 24 exceptional papers, four workshops, and a poster session. The technical program committee led by the chairs Yih-Chun Hu and Sanjay Shakkottai did an outstanding job in reviewing and selecting the MobiHoc papers, while maintaining the MobiHoc tradition of high selectivity and fairness. The Workshop chairs Ryuji Wakikawa and Wenye Wang did an excellent job in getting together the MobiHoc workshops: the Workshop on Sensor-Enhanced Safety and Privacy in Public Spaces; the Workshop on Airborne Networks and Communications; the Workshop on Name-Oriented Mobile Networking Design - Architecture, Algorithms, and Applications; and the Workshop on Pervasive Wireless Healthcare. These workshops are focused on areas of emerging interest and provide significant diversity to the MobiHoc program. The poster chair Karthik Sundaresan did substantial work to have poster papers reviewed and accepted in time for the proceedings. I am deeply thankful to all of these committee members.

I am delighted to announce keynote presentations from two renowned contributors to MobiHoc (as well as their respective research areas): Dr. Edward Knightly from Rice University, who will be presenting on Urban-scale Wireless Networks in Unlicensed sub-GHz bands; and Dr. Nitin Vaidya from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who will be presenting on Resilient Distributed Consensus.
G<sub>0</sub> Colorants (2010)

Mixtures of colorants that faithfully render G0 colors at maximum NCS chromaticness for the twenty-four (24) NCS aim hues were derived computationally. Candidate colorants were modeled with a Gaussian function smoothly varying as in natural materials distinguishing G0 as the limit of object color independent of MacAdam's loci of pure spectral color. Spectra were synthesized using a gradient-based, nonlinear optimization with an objective function that maximized the color inconstancy of the mixture between two illuminants, CIE D65 and Illuminant A, thereby synthesizing a theoretical target set most sensitive to those changing conditions of illuminant that affect colorimetry.
Achieving High Accuracy in Predicting Blood Flow Volume at the Arteriovenous Fistulas of Hemodialysis Patients by Intelligent Quality Assessment on PPGs (2022)

A machine learning (ML) algorithm is successfully developed to assess the signal quality of measured photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms for effective real-time prediction of blood flow volume (BFV). This algorithm is essential to achieve high prediction accuracy of BFV for hemodialysis patients to monitor the quality of their arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) at home by themselves using a new hand-held device. The algorithm is built on an ML classifier of 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN), calibrated by two groups of PPG waveforms that are pre-identified by experienced experts to 300 qualified and 202 un-qualified PPG waveforms in 6-second windows, as the ones to render accurate BFV predictions and the others to inaccurates, respectively. The qualified ones satisfy at least the deterministic criteria such as adequate signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), stable/small fluctuations of AC/DC components, and also the presence of secondary bio-features, to ensure minimized influence from mis-positioning, hand movement, pressurization and varied ambient lighting. With the classifier algorithm in hand, together with another fully-connected neural network for estimating BFV, a combined real-time computation algorithm is built, being able to achieve much better accuracy for real-time measurement ubiquitously. In results, using the newly-developed quality-assessment algorithm, the error of predicted BFVs is improved from ±175.577 ml/min to ±122.8259 ml/min significantly.
Value of health-related quality of life to predict disability course in multiple sclerosis (2004)

A patient's subjectively perceived health-related quality of life may not be only a clinically and psychosocially meaningful outcome per se but may also be a predictor of objective outcomes such as change in disability status over a substantial period of time.
Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products Acts as a Fuel to Colorectal Cancer Development (2020)

Receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multiligand binding and single-pass transmembrane protein taken in diverse chronic inflammatory conditions. RAGE behaves as a pattern recognition receptor, which binds and is engaged in the cellular response to a variety of damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, as well as HMGB1, S100 proteins, and AGEs (advanced glycation end-products). The RAGE activation turns out to a formation of numerous intracellular signaling mechanisms, resulting in the progression and prolongation of colorectal carcinoma (CRC). The RAGE expression correlates well with the survival of colon cancer cells. RAGE is involved in the tumorigenesis, which increases and develops well in the stressed tumor microenvironment. In this review, we summarized downstream signaling cascade activated by the multiligand activation of RAGE, as well as RAGE ligands and their sources, clinical studies, and tumor markers related to RAGE particularly in the inflammatory tumor microenvironment in CRC. Furthermore, the role of RAGE signaling pathway in CRC patients with diabetic mellitus is investigated. RAGE has been reported to drive assorted signaling pathways, including activator protein 1, nuclear factor-κB, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, SMAD family member 4 (Smad4), mitogen-activated protein kinases, mammalian target of rapamycin, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, reticular activating system, Wnt/β-catenin pathway, and Glycogen synthase kinase 3β, and even microRNAs.
Generation of myocyte agonal Ca2+ waves and contraction bands in perfused rat hearts following irreversible membrane permeabilisation (2023)

Although irreversible cardiomyocyte injury provokes intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub>) overload, the underlying dynamics of this response and its effects on cellular morphology remain unknown. We therefore visualised rapid-scanning confocal fluo4-[Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> dynamics and morphology of cardiomyocytes in Langendorff-perfused rat hearts following saponin-membrane permeabilisation. Our data demonstrate that 0.4% saponin-treated myocytes immediately exhibited high-frequency Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves (131.3 waves/min/cell) with asynchronous, oscillatory contractions having a mean propagation velocity of 117.8 μm/s. These waves slowly decreased in frequency, developed a prolonged decay phase, and disappeared in 10 min resulting in high-static, fluo4-fluorescence intensity. The myocytes showing these waves displayed contraction bands, i.e., band-like actin-fibre aggregates with disruption of sarcomeric α-actinin. The contraction bands were not attenuated by the abolition of Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves under pretreatment with ryanodine plus thapsigargin, but were partially attenuated by the calpain inhibitor MDL28170, while mechanical arrest of the myocytes by 2,3-butanedione monoxime completely attenuated contraction-band formation. The depletion of adenosine 5'-triphosphate by the mitochondrial electron uncoupler carbonyl cyanide 4-trifluoromethoxy phenylhydrazone also attenuated Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves and contraction bands. Overall, saponin-induced myocyte [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]<sub>i</sub> overload provokes agonal Ca<sup>2+</sup> waves and contraction bands. Contraction bands are not the direct consequence of the waves but are caused by cross-bridge interactions of the myocytes under calpain-mediated proteolysis.
Thermal Wave Nondestructive Evaluation of Ceramic Matrix Composite Components (2008)

Since ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components are typically used in applications where adverse high-temperature conditions prevail, it is extremely important that CMC parts are free of defects, such as anomalous porosity, inclusions, or delaminations, before they are installed. We have investigated the use of a noncontact, time dependent, infrared (IR) method for nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of CMCs on wide variety of calibration standards (variable porosity and discrete flaws) and gas turbine components. The method, pulsed thermal wave imaging (PTWI), utilizes optical flashlamps to generate a thermal pulse at the sample surface, which is transmitted into the bulk. Results indicate that 3 to 5% changes in porosity can be discerned in 2-D and 3-D specimens fabricated using the varying number of pyrolysis cycles. Also, subsurface thermally insulating and conducting targets at various depths were detected. This technique has been applied to inspect gas turbine components at various stages of the manufacturing process.
Towards Visual Foundational Models of Physical Scenes (2023)

We describe a first step towards learning general-purpose visual representations of physical scenes using only image prediction as a training criterion. To do so, we first define "physical scene" and show that, even though different agents may maintain different representations of the same scene, the underlying physical scene that can be inferred is unique. Then, we show that NeRFs cannot represent the physical scene, as they lack extrapolation mechanisms. Those, however, could be provided by Diffusion Models, at least in theory. To test this hypothesis empirically, NeRFs can be combined with Diffusion Models, a process we refer to as NeRF Diffusion, used as unsupervised representations of the physical scene. Our analysis is limited to visual data, without external grounding mechanisms that can be provided by independent sensory modalities.
Quantitative tomography of early-onset spontaneous AA amyloidosis in interleukin 6 transgenic mice. (2008)

Mice that constitutively express the human interleukin 6 (huIL6) protein from a heritable transgene (H2-L(d)-IL-6) express high levels of the acute-phase reactant, serum amyloid protein A, a liver-derived apoprotein of high-density lipoprotein that is the precursor of AA amyloid. Typically at approximately 5 mo of age B6(C)- Tg(H2-L(d)-IL-6)Kish (H2/huIL-6) animals begin to develop splenic deposits of AA amyloid, which progress to involve the liver, kidney, and vasculature, ultimately resulting in death due to severe systemic AA amyloidosis at 8 to 9 mo of age. These mice provide a robust model in which to study novel therapeutic and diagnostic imaging agents for AA amyloidosis. We recently have noted a change in onset of spontaneous disease, as evidenced by 2 female transgenic mice that were found moribund at only 5 mo of age. Extensive hepatosplenic amyloid deposits in both mice were identified and quantified by single-photon emission computed tomography, which further revealed heterogeneous distribution of radiotracer in the spleen indicating a distinction between amyloid-laden red pulp and the disease-free lymphoid follicles. The AA nature of the deposits was evidenced immunohistochemically and by mass spectrometric analyses of extracted amyloid fibrils. Our studies have documented the manifestation of early-onset, severe, spontaneous AA amyloidosis in 2- to 5-mo-old H2/ huIL-6 mice; we hypothesize that this disease is due to genetic rather than environmental factors.
Bayer bilateral denoising on TriMedia3270 (2009)

Digital cameras are now commonly included in several digital devices such as mobile phones. They are present everywhere and have become the principal image capturing tool. Inherent to light and semiconductors properties, sensor noise [10] continues to be an important factor of image quality [12], especially in low light conditions. Removing the noise with mathematical solutions appears thus unavoidable to obtain an acceptable image quality. However, embedded devices are limited by processing capabilities and power consumption and thus cannot make use of the full range of complex mathematical noise removing solutions. The bilateral filter [6] appears to be an interesting compromise between implementation complexity and noise removing performances. Especially, the Bayer [5] bilateral filter proposed in [11] is well adapted for single sensor devices. In this paper, we simulate and optimize the Bayer bilateral filter execution on a common media-processor: the TM3270 [4] from the NXP Semiconductors TriMedia family. To do so we use the TriMedia Compilation System (TCS). We applied common optimization techniques (such as LUT, loop unrolling, convenient data type representation) as well as custom TriMedia operations. We finally propose a new Bayer bilateral filter formulation dedicated to the TM3270 architecture that yields an execution improvement of 99.6% compared to the naïve version. This improvement results in real-time video processing at VGA resolution at the 350MHz clock rate.
MT1-MMP Plays a Critical Role in Hematopoiesis by Regulating HIF-Mediated Chemo-/Cytokine Gene Transcription within Niche Cells. (2012)

Abstract Abstract 2351 Stem cells reside in a physical niche. The organization of cellular niches has been shown to play a key role in regulating normal stem cell differentiation, stem cell maintenance and regeneration. Various stem cell niches have been shown to be hypoxic, thereby maintaining the stem cell phenotype of e.g. hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) or cancer stem cells. The bone marrow (BM) niche is a rich reservoir of tissue-specific pluripotent HSCs. Proteases such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been implicated in cell movement, partly due to their proteolytic function, and they have been linked to cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation. The proteolytic function of Membrane-type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP/MMP-14) is essential for angiogenesis, arthritis and tumour growth. Recently, it has been reported that MT1-MMP is highly expressed in HSCs and stromal/niche cells. However the clear function of MT1-MMP in hematopoiesis is not well understood. To reveal the functional consequences of MT1-MMP deficiency for post-natal hematopoiesis in vivo, we have taken advantage of MT1-MMP−/− mice to demonstrate that MT1-MMP deficiency leads to impaired steady state hematopoiesis of all hematopoietic cell lineages. In a search for factors whose deficiency could cause this hematopoietic phenotype, we found not only reduced protein release, but also reduced transcription of the following growth factors/chemokines in MT1-MMP−/− mice: erythropoietin (Epo), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1a/CXCL12), interleukin-7 (IL-7) and Kit ligand (KitL, also known as stem cell factor). All of these factors, except for Epo, are typical stromal cell-derived factors. To ensure that impaired gene transcription in vivo was not due to a lower number of stromal cells in vivo, we demonstrated that MT1-MMP knockdown in stromal cells in vitro also reduced transcription of the stromal cell derived factors SDF-1a/CXCL12, IL-7 and KitL. In contrast, overexpression of MT1-MMP in stromal cells enhanced gene transcription of these factors. All genes, whose transcription was altered in vitro and in vivo due to MT1-MMP deficiency, had one thing in common: their gene transcription is regulated by the hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway. Further mechanistic studies revealed that MT1-MMP activates the HIF-1 pathway via factor inhibiting HIF-1 (FIH-1) within niche cells, thereby inducing the transcription of HIF-responsive genes, which induce terminal hematopoietic differentiation. Thus, MT1-MMP in niche cells regulates postnatal hematopoiesis by modulating hematopoietic HIF-dependent niche factors that are critical for terminal differentiation and migration. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
An Aggregate Production Planning Model Incorporating Dynamic Productivity: Part I. Model Development (1983)

Abstract All aggregate planning models, except two, utilize a constant productivity factor throughout the planning horizon. The two models which allow changing productivity factors have limitations and unrealistic assumptions. This article incorporates into an aggregate planning model the effects of manpower-level transactions on productivity.