gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cannabinoid CB2 Receptors in a Mouse Model of Aβ Amyloidosis: Immunohistochemical Analysis and Suitability as a PET Biomarker of Neuroinflammation (2015)

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the early responses to Aβ amyloidosis is recruitment of microglia to areas of new plaque. Microglial receptors such as cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) might be a suitable target for development of PET radiotracers that could serve as imaging biomarkers of Aβ-induced neuroinflammation. Mouse models of amyloidosis (J20APPswe/ind and APPswe/PS1ΔE9) were used to investigate the cellular distribution of CB2 receptors. Specificity of CB2 antibody (H60) was confirmed using J20APPswe/ind mice lacking CB2 receptors. APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice were used in small animal PET with a CB2-targeting radiotracer, [11C]A836339. These studies revealed increased binding of [11C]A836339 in amyloid-bearing mice. Specificity of the PET signal was confirmed in a blockade study with a specific CB2 antagonist, AM630. Confocal microscopy revealed that CB2-receptor immunoreactivity was associated with astroglial (GFAP) and, predominantly, microglial (CD68) markers. CB2 receptors were observed, in particular, in microglial processes forming engulfment synapses with Aβ plaques. In contrast to glial cells, neuron (NeuN)-derived CB2 signal was equal between amyloid-bearing and control mice. The pattern of neuronal CB2 staining in amyloid-bearing mice was similar to that in human cases of AD. The data collected in this study indicate that Aβ amyloidosis without concomitant tau pathology is sufficient to activate CB2 receptors that are suitable as an imaging biomarker of neuroinflammation. The main source of enhanced CB2 PET binding in amyloid-bearing mice is increased CB2 immunoreactivity in activated microglia. The presence of CB2 immunoreactivity in neurons does not likely contribute to the enhanced CB2 PET signal in amyloid-bearing mice due to a lack of significant neuronal loss in this model. However, significant loss of neurons as seen at late stages of AD might decrease the CB2 PET signal due to loss of neuronally-derived CB2. Thus this study in mouse models of AD indicates that a CB2-specific radiotracer can be used as a biomarker of neuroinflammation in the early preclinical stages of AD, when no significant neuronal loss has yet developed.
Reductive Coupling of Metal Triangles in Sandwich Complexes (2008)

The one-electron reduction of [Pd3(C7H7)2(CH3CN)3][BF4]2 in acetonitrile resulted in the formation of the dimer dication [Pd6(C7H7)4(CH3CN)4][BF4]2, whose structure containing a novel bitriangle hexapalladium skeleton was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The dimer is stable in CD3CN at ambient temperature for several days but is highly air-sensitive. Similarly, the cycloheptatriene tripalladium complex [Pd3(C7H7R)2(CH3CN)3][BF4]2 (R = H, t-Bu) dimerized upon one-electron reduction. Both monomer and dimer of cycloheptatriene complexes were structurally determined by X-ray crystallographic analyses.
Tiled Stereoscopic 3D Display Wall - Concept, Applications and Evaluation (2019)

The Tiled Stereoscopic 3D Display Wall (TS3DW) is a monitor system consisting of six consumer 3D TVs. Two monitors reside on a mobile display mount. One standard configuration is to use them in a 135-degree angle to each other, having one mobile mount in the center, and one at each side. In this way, the system can be transported to multiple locations across a campus as well as used in different application scenarios. This system was already used for a number of research projects and presentations.
Efficient Inverted Top-Emitting Organic Light Emitting Diodes with Transparent and Surface-Modified Multilayer Anodes (2010)

Highly transparent and efficient red phosphorescent inverted top-emitting organic light emitting diodes were investigated by using a surface-modified tungsten oxide /silver/ (WAW) anode. A thin buckminsterfullerene (C60) dipole layer was introduced for the surface treatment of the WAW anode, and the thickness of the surface-modified was controlled to optimize the WAW anode for hole injection. The optimum thickness of the surface-modified was 5 nm, and the C60 dipole layer further improved the hole injection from the WAW anode to the hole transport layer.
Formation of Lactic Acid from Cellulosic Biomass by Alkaline Hydrothermal Reaction (2008)

Glucose, as a model compound of cellulosic biomass, was used as a test material. Ca(OH)2 and NaOH were selected as alkali. Results showed that both NaOH and Ca(OH)2, can promote the formation of lactic acid in a hydrothermal reaction of glucose. In the case of the addition of NaOH, lactic acid was obtained with a good yield of 27% based on a carbon base at 300 °C for 60 s with a NaOH concentration of 2.5 M. In the case of the addition of Ca(OH)2, the highest yield of lactic acid is 20%, which occurred at 300 °C for 60 s with a Ca(OH)2 concentration of 0.32 M. The formation mechanisms of lactic acid from glucose were also discussed according to intermediate products identified. Lactic acid may be generated via formaldehyde, glycolaldehyde besides via the aldose having three carbon atoms in hydrothermal reaction which all formed by the reverse aldol condensation of hexoses.
Superfluorinated Ionic Liquid Crystals Based on Supramolecular, Halogen‐Bonded Anions (2016)

Abstract Unconventional ionic liquid crystals in which the liquid crystallinity is enabled by halogen‐bonded supramolecular anions [C n F 2 n +1 ‐I⋅⋅⋅I⋅⋅⋅I‐C n F 2 n +1 ] − are reported. The material system is unique in many ways, demonstrating for the first time 1) ionic, halogen‐bonded liquid crystals, and 2) imidazolium‐based ionic liquid crystals in which the occurrence of liquid crystallinity is not driven by the alkyl chains of the cation.
Lightweight ozonizer for field and airborne use (1982)

An efficient, lightweight apparatus for the production of ozone in flowing oxygen or air has been constructed and tested. The exciter is an automotive electronic ignition running from a 28-V dc power source. The discharge tube consists of coaxial conductive-coated flint glass tubing fitting into Teflon end pieces. A single such unit will produce 4% ozone in oxygen flowing at 0.2 l/min, or a maximum of 0.020 l of ozone per minute in a total flow of 1.0 l/min.
Adsorption of Carboxylate-Modified Gold Nanoparticles on an Octadecylamine Monolayer at the Air/Liquid Interface (2007)

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were prepared and surface-modified by mercaptosuccinic acid (MSA) to render a surface with carboxylic acid groups (MSA-Au). Octadecylamine (ODA) was used as a template monolayer to adsorb the Au NPs dispersed in the subphase. The effect of MSA concentration on the incorporation of Au NPs on the ODA monolayer and the relevant behavior of the mixed monolayer were studied using the pressure-area (pi-A) isotherm and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. The experimental results showed that the adsorbed density of Au NPs is low without the surface modification by MSA. When MSA was added into the Au NP-containing subphase, the incorporation amount of Au NPs increased with increasing MSA concentration up to approximately 1 x 10-5 M for the particle density of 1.3 x 1011 particles/mL. With a further increase in the MSA concentration, the adsorbed particle density decreases due to competitive adsorption between the free MSA molecules and the MSA-Au NPs. It is inferred that free MSA molecules adsorb more easily than the MSA-Au NPs on the ODA monolayer. Therefore, an excess amount of MSA present in the subphase is detrimental to the incorporation of gold particles. The study on the monolayer behavior also shows that the pi-A isotherm of the ODA monolayer shifts right when small amounts of Au NPs or free MSA molecules are incorporated. However, when larger amounts of particles are adsorbed at the air/liquid interface, a left shift of the pi-A isotherm appears, probably due to the adsorption of ODA molecules onto the particle surface and the transferring of the particles from beneath the ODA monolayer to the air/water interface. According to the present method, it is possible to prepare uniform particulate films of controlled densities by controlling the particle concentration in the subphase, the MSA concentration, and the surface pressure of a mixed monolayer.
Konzept und Umsetzung einer Online-Messdatendiagnose an Motorenprüfständen (2005)

Fokus der Arbeit ist die Steigerung der Effektivität und Qualität von Motorprüfständen. Ein normaler Prüfstand für die Applikation und Entwicklung von Verbrennungsmotoren ist meist mit 50 und mehr Messsensoren bestückt, deren Daten mit Erfassungsraten zwischen 0.1 und 100 Hz aufgezeichnet werden. Der Prüfstandsfahrer hat bei dieser heute als Minimum anzusehenden Vielzahl von Werten kaum noch die Chance, deren Richtigkeit schnell genug zu erfassen. Auch die Abkehr vor der Rastervermessung hin zu modellbasierten Vermessungsstrategien macht die Nachvollziehbarkeit der Daten nahezu unmöglich. Gleichzeitig steigt die Fehlerwahrscheinlichkeit mit der Anzahl der Sensoren an. Berücksichtigt man noch die durch Fehlbedienung verursachten Probleme, so muss durchschnittlich alle zwei Tage mit Messausfällen oder Verzögerungen gerechnet werden. Genau diese Aufwände für Wiederholungsmessungen und Ausfallzeiten sollen mittels der erarbeiteten Methodik reduziert werden. Ein Prüfprogramm, das online mit den Prüfstandsdaten versorgt wird, soll diese auf Unstimmigkeiten überprüfen, und gegebenenfalls Fehlermeldungen ausgeben. Die Arbeit gliedert sich grob in zwei Teilgebiete, nämlich die Fehlerdetektion und die Fehlerisolation. Die Detektion basiert auf einer ganzen Reihe verschiedener Methoden, die im Fehlerfalle bestimmte Merkmale generieren. Zum Einsatz kommen Grenzwertüberwachungen, Vergleiche, thermodynamische Ansätze und messdatenbasierte Polynommodelle, sofern sie einer ausreichenden Allgemeingültigkeit gerecht werden. Mittels verschiedener Fehlerisolationsverfahren wird aus den Symptomen, die das Ergebnis der Modellrechnungen sind, auf die tatsächliche Ursache potentieller Unstimmigkeiten geschlossen. Diese beinhalten sowohl mathematisch-logische Verfahren, als auch Wahrscheinlichkeitsbetrachtungen. Das entwickelte Konzept unterscheidet sich deutlich von anderen Arbeiten aus diesem Themengebiet. Meist werden Fehleranalyseverfahren auf detailliert vermessene Systeme angewandt, so z.B. in der motoreigenen "On Board Diagnose" oder Überwachungssystemen im Anlagenbau. Auf modernen Palettensystemen verweilen die Motoren aber nur für wenige Stunden oder Tage am entsprechenden Prüfstand. Über den Motor selbst ist zum Teil nur sehr wenig bekannt. Eine aufwändige Parametrierung oder Vermessung kann somit nicht als Grundlage der Plausibilitätsprüfungen herangezogen werden. Vielmehr muss ein solches Prüfprogramm auf physikalische Grundsätze zurückgeführt werden, die für alle Motortypen richtig sind. Die Parametrierung darf ausschließlich auf den Größen beruhen, die ohnehin am Prüfstand verfügbar sind. Sonstige Informationen müssen den Messdaten selbst entnommen werden. Die Arbeit umfasst die Beschreibung der notwendigen Teilaspekte, die ein solches System beinhalten muss, die Beschreibung einiger Plausibilitätsgleichungen und auch die Strategie zur Fehlerisolation.
High-speed and low-relative-intensity noise 1.3 mu m InGaAsP semi-insulating buried crescent lasers (1991)

The dependence of static and dynamic performance on active layer doping concentration in 1.3- mu m InGaAsP semiinsulating buried crescent (SIBC) Fabry-Perot lasers were investigated experimentally. The optical loss in the active region is one of the dominant mechanisms in determining the threshold current for doped active layer lasers. These SIBC lasers have a 3 dB modulation bandwidth of 19 GHz for pulsed operation and 16 GHz for continuous-wave (CW) operation, and a relative intensity noise below -150 dB/Hz for biased current at 120 mA. The doped active lasers show an initial small degradation rate at 65 degrees C operation, which gives an acceptably long operation lifetime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Simultaneous inhibition of CTGF and Autotaxin reduces lung fibrosis and improves lung function in mice (2021)

IPF is a progressive and lethal disease and phase 2 trials have shown that inhibition of CTGF (Pamrevlumab/FG3019, Fibrogen Inc.) or Autotaxin (Ziretaxestat/GLPG1690 Galapagos Inc.) slow the decline in FVC experienced by IPF patients. Given the stabilization of FVC observed from combining Nintedanib and Pirfenidone, we investigated the potential benefit of combining FG3019 and GLPG1690 in a mouse model of IPF. Mice were subjected to intratracheal dosing of bleomycin to induce lung fibrosis and treated with FG3019 and/or GLPG1690 for 14 days. Changes in bodymass, survival, physiological measurements, plasma, BALF and lung tissue were recorded during the study. The progression of fibrosis was determined by Flexivent, lung hydroxyproline levels, Ashcroft-Hubner histopathological scores, as well as machine learning-based of lung sections or micro CT-scanned lungs respectively. FG3019 prevented the increase in lung hydroxyproline levels caused by bleomycin, while treatment with GLPG1690 did not have this effect. In contrast, GLPG1690 treated mice had better FVC and inspiratory capacity than vehicle controls, while mice receiving FG3019 did not. The combination of FG3019 and GLPG1690 reduced the accumulation of lung hydroxyproline and improved lung function parameters. The Ashcroft-Hubner scores were reduced in mice receiving FG3019 or GLPG1690 as a single treatment, but further reductions were not observed mice treated with FG3019 and GLPG1690. The combination of FG3019 and GLPG1690 treatment demonstrated an enhanced therapeutic efficacy by conferring the independent and parallel benefits of the single agents on experimental lung fibrosis endpoints.
Multi-trigger resist: novel synthesis improvements for high resolution EUV lithography (2019)

Irresistible Materials (IM) is developing novel resist systems based on the Multi-trigger concept, which incorporates a dose dependent quenching-like behaviour. The Multi Trigger Resist is a non-metal based negative tone resist, and consists of a base molecule and a crosslinker, which represent the resist matrix, together with a photoacid generator (PAG). Previously presented MTR2 showed 16 nm half pitch lines patterned with a dose of 38 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, giving a LER of 3.7 nm on the NXE3300. Since then, research has been undertaken to improve this resist. In particular we are focusing on improved RLS; reduced top-loss and wiggling at high aspect ratios; eliminating the antimony PAG and further reduction of chemical stochastics. In this study, we present the approaches that have been taken to attain these goals and the initial results. Using the EUV Interference Lithography tool at PSI, a multi trigger resist with a high absorbance non-metal element included in the resist matrix, MTR2627, has been patterned at a pitch of 28nm with an estimated dose of 53mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> and LER of 4.2nm. The LWR is improved in the low dose region, and results also show that a thicker film can be used without pattern collapse below pitch 32nm due to increased stiffness. Using the Berkeley MET tool, this resist matrix with a higher MTR ratio has patterned 24nm lines at a pitch of 48nm with an LER of 1.9nm with a dose of 65mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>. Additionally, we present initial results for an MTR resist series where the antimony PAG has been replaced with a carbon based PAG.
Chemical synthesis of cyclic peptide nucleic acid-peptide hybrids (2006)

Peptide Nucleic Acids (PNAs) are oligomers in which the naturally occurring nucleobases are attached via methylene carbonyl linkages to an N-(2aminoethyl)glycine backbone [1]. PNA hybridizes strongly, with sequence specificity, to complementary DNA/RNA; such hybridization obeys the Watson-Crick base pairing rules. Alternatively, triple strands can form via Hoogsteen base-pairing [2-4]. We report here the synthesis of cyclic PNA-peptide hybrids with the goal to investigate molecular recognition mechanisms between such cyclic units, and for possible generation of nanotubular structures. Design of hollow tubular structures has been the subject of considerable research [5] for their potential applications to inclusion chemistry, catalysis, molecular electronics, and molecular separation technology.
Angiotensin II increases gene expression after selective intra-arterial adenovirus delivery in a rabbit model assessed using in vivo SSTR2-based reporter imaging (2016)

Angiotensin II improves in vivo gene expression by adenovirus upon intra-arterial delivery and thus may improve gene therapy efficacy. In vivo SSTR2-based reporter imaging can be used to compare methodologies for improving gene expression.
Duplicación del apéndice vermiforme (2011)

We report a 37 years old male presenting with an acute appendicitis. The patient was operated, excising a gangrenous and perforated appendix. During closure a second appendix that was not infl amed, located three cm apart from the fi rst one, was observed. It was also excised and the pathologic report confi rmed that both surgical pieces corresponded to appendices, one infl amed and the other normal.
Shining the Light on Aurora-A Kinase as a Drug Target in Pancreatic Cancer (2011)

Commentary on: 

[Sangeeta Rojanala, Haiyong Han, Ruben M. Munoz, Walden Browne, Raymond Nagle, Daniel D. Von Hoff, and David J. Bearss. The mitotic serine threonine kinase, Aurora-2, is a potential target for drug development in human pancreatic cancer . Mol Cancer Ther 2004;3:451–57.][1]

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Chemicals from Biomass: Selective Synthesis of N-Substituted Furfuryl Amines by the One-Pot Direct Reductive Amination of Furanic Aldehydes (2019)

N-substituted furfuryl amines are an important class of compounds due to their pharmaceutical activities that can be produced by reductive amination of furfuraldehydes derived from biomass. With supported Pd nanoparticles it is possible to obtain high activities and selectivities for the production of secondary amines. CO adsorption monitored by IR shows the importance of the Pd crystal size and crystal face on catalyst activity and selectivity. When using Pd on carbon the amount of unsaturated Pd sites is very much enhanced with the corresponding increase in selectivity. The role of carbon deposition on metal terraces on catalytic selectivity is discussed. The optimized catalyst has been successfully applied in the reductive amination of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with different amines and ammonia as well as in the one-pot reductive amination starting from nitrobenzene instead of aniline, giving the different N-substituted-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furfuryl amines with excellent activity and selectivity.
Recording Temporal Signals with Minutes Resolution Using Enzymatic DNA Synthesis (2021)

Abstract Employing DNA as a high-density data storage medium has paved the way for next-generation digital storage and biosensing technologies. However, the multipart architecture of current DNA-based recording techniques renders them inherently slow and incapable of recording fluctuating signals with sub-hour frequencies. To address this limitation, we developed a simplified system employing a single enzyme, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), to transduce environmental signals into DNA. TdT adds nucleotides to the 3’ ends of single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in a template-independent manner, selecting bases according to inherent preferences and environmental conditions. By characterizing TdT nucleotide selectivity under different conditions, we show that TdT can encode various physiologically relevant signals like Co 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ concentrations and temperature changes in vitro . Further, by considering the average rate of nucleotide incorporation, we show that the resulting ssDNA functions as a molecular ticker tape. With this method we accurately encode a temporal record of fluctuations in Co 2+ concentration to within 1 minute over a 60-minute period. Finally, we engineer TdT to allosterically turn off in the presence of physiologically relevant concentration of calcium. We use this engineered TdT in concert with a reference TdT to develop a two-polymerase system capable of recording a single step change in Ca 2+ signal to within 1 minute over a 60-minute period. This work expands the repertoire of DNA-based recording techniques by developing a novel DNA synthesis-based system that can record temporal environmental signals into DNA with minutes resolution.
La Normal Rural Mactumactzá (2019)

En este libro intentamos recuperar una parte de la historia de la Escuela Normal Rural Mactumactza (ENRM).
Spray-Jet Technique for Studying Nonvolatile Functional Molecules: Comparison of Different Spray-Jet Inlet Systems (2008)

The spray-jet technique enables us to produce a molecular beam of non-volatile molecules under high vacuum from sprayed mists of sample solutions suspended in a carrier gas. A molecular beam apparatus and the spray-jet technique have been used together in spectroscopic studies and as a means of molecular beam deposition. During the process of developing the apparatus, we developed different spray-jet inlet systems. We compared these inlet systems in terms of the efficiency of molecular beam generation, which is evaluated by measuring the signal intensity of the multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrum (MPI–TOF MS) for a sample solution and the amount of sample consumed.
Investigation of 42.7-Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals using linear optical sampling (2005)

The properties of 42.7-Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying signals are investigated using linear optical sampling. The effects of ASE, chromatic dispersion, and nonlinear propagation on the electric field are demonstrated.
Arthroscopic Bristow-Latarjet Combined With Bankart Repair Restores Shoulder Stability in Patients With Glenoid Bone Loss (2014)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Hirshfeld surface analysis of phosphonium salts (2010)

Structurally authenticated phosphonium salts yielded from the treatment of (phosphoniumn+)(Cl− or Br−)n and (imidazoliumn+)(X−)n, n = 1 or 2 have been examined using Hirshfeld surface analysis, revealing the domination of C–H⋯X non-classical hydrogen-bonding between the cations and anions. The crystalline salts of (phosphoniumn+)(X−)n (X− = [SCN]−, [N(CN)2]−, [C(CN)3]−, [PF6]−, [CF3SO3]− or [N(CF3SO2)2]−) were formed by metathetical exchange in the presence of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and aquated gadolinium ions.
Apparent minimal size required for cell division in Escherichia coli (1989)

The experiments described in this report were designed to find out whether there is a minimal size threshold for cell division or for DNA replication in Escherichia coli. Cells with decreasing size (or mass) were obtained by successive amino acid starvations. Following two starvations, the cells were at least 30% smaller than unstarved newborn cells. The results suggest that this size is below a minimal size threshold for cell division but not for initiation of DNA replication.
Wavelength requirements of all-optical networks (2002)

All-optical networks are emerging as a clear choice for wide area networks. With newer developments in optical switching technology, all-optical networks are becoming feasible. The authors discuss a wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) network with optical switches at each node. The number of wavelengths available for a WDMA is limited. The authors focus on the permutation routing problem and present a lower bound on the number of wavelengths as a function of the size of the network. They also construct network topologies to derive upper bounds on the number of wavelengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>