gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The place of early haemoperfusion with polymyxin B fibre column in the treatment of sepsis. (2005)

Direct haemoperfusion with polymyxin B-immobilized fibre (PMX-F) is a promising treatment for Gram-negative sepsis in critically ill patients. Indeed, it has been used routinely in Japan for a decade. Recent evidence presented in this journal suggests that PMX-F can have a positive impact on outcome in patients with sepsis, although other reports in the literature have presented confusing or even conflicting results. This commentary considers whether the available evidence allows us to establish an appropriate role for PMX-F treatment in sepsis and what further work is needed.
On the in‐situ polymerization of cyclic butylene terephthalate oligomers: DSC and rheological studies (2006)

Abstract The thermal and rheological behaviors of cyclic butylene terephthalate (CBT) were studied with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and plate–plate rheometry, respectively. DSC scans were taken at different heating rates. The related first‐heat thermograms indicated crystallization and melting of the resulting poly (butylene terephthalate) (PBT) only at very low heating rate (0.5°C/min). As the crystallization and melting enthalpies were closely matched, one could conclude that the polymerization is essentially athermic. The polymerization was accompanied by a steep increase of the melt viscosity in isothermal rheological tests performed in the temperature range T = 145–210°C. Changes in the viscoelasticity of the polymerizing CBT and crystallizing PBT could be best followed by considering the changes in the phase angle. Viscosity increased with the conversion exponentially in the first approximation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 46:743–750, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers
A chaperone pathway in protein disaggregation: Hsp26 ALTERS THE NATURE OF PROTEIN AGGREGATES TO FACILITATE REACTIVATION BY Hsp104. VOLUME 280 (2005) PAGES 23869-23875 (2006)

PAGE 23869: In the asterisk footnote to the title, the following should be added as the first line: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health Grant R37 GM25874 (to S. L. L.).
Development of Flip‐chip Joining Technology on Flexible Circuitry Using Anistropically Conductive Adhesives and Eutectic Solder* (1996)

Electronic packaging is increasingly becoming a vital part of the electronics industry, representing a key barrier to cost reduction and performance improvement. Of all the packaging methods, flip‐chip technology offers, up to now, the highest packaging density and best electrical performance. In this paper, flip‐chip test design considerations, process development and driving forces for adhesive joining and soldering flip‐chip processes will be given. Reliability test results of flip‐chip interconnection technology using conductive adhesive joining will also be presented. The electrical contact nature of the adhesive joint will be elaborated in the light of continuous and static electrical resistance measurement. Future research work directions in flip‐chip joining using eutectic solder and conductive adhesives on flexible circuits will also be discussed.
Medical Ultrasound Technology Research and Development at the University of Washington Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound (2003)

This grant provided support to expand the scientific program and infrastructure at the University of Washington's Center for Industrial and Medical Ultrasound (CIMU). The many disparate facilities and technical capabilities available to CIMU staff and students were integrated and enhanced to provide a world-class, advanced research center for bioengineering development and graduate education in high-intensity, focused ultrasound (HIFU). This included leveraging of overall research in understanding of acoustic hemostasis and improvement of research tools. Significant progress was made in developing a highly automated transducer characterization capability. Features include acoustic field mapping by scanned hydrophones, acoustic power efficiency measurement, electric and acoustic impedance measurement, medical ultrasound imaging and RF data collection, optical methods of acoustic field mapping (Schlieren apparatus), and for each system a convenient software interface and user manual. Specialized fixtures and instruments were developed to measure HIFU dose response in vitro, an essential component of developing reliable and realistic computer models for HIFU simulation and treatment planning. Single-element HIFU transducers were refined with liquid, gel, and solid coupling media and other improvements to be more powerful, convenient, and robust. These technological enhancements have enabled the development of HIFU arrays and image-guided ultrasound systems for greater flexibility and control in clinical treatment protocol. Lastly, significant bioacoustic model development was undertaken for use in practical engineering design as well as for fundamental research of the mechanisms of ultrasound therapy.
Plasminogen Deficiency Differentially Affects Recruitment of Inflammatory Cell Populations in Mice (1998)

It is widely held that the plasminogen (Plg) system plays a role in inflammation through plasmin-mediated directional cell migration. However, substantial evidence for its involvement in the inflammatory response has been obtained from indirect studies and lacks firm biological confirmation. To directly characterize plasminogen's involvement in the inflammatory response, we used thioglycollate to induce a peritoneal inflammatory reaction in Plg(+/+), Plg(+/-), and Plg(-/-) mice. At 6 hours poststimulation, neutrophil recruitment into the peritoneum was maximal and similar between Plg(+/+), Plg(+/-), and Plg(-/-) mice. In contrast, monocyte recruitment was significantly diminished after 24 hours poststimulation in Plg(-/-) mice relative to Plg(+/+) mice. Lymphocyte recruitment also was blunted. Blood monocyte levels in these mice indicated that diminished recruitment into the peritoneum was not the result of a diminished source of cells in the circulation. Macrophage phagocytic function was similar between Plg(+/+) and Plg(-/-) mice. This study establishes a direct involvement of plasminogen in monocyte recruitment during a representative inflammatory response.
Novel organic-on-InP field-effect transistor (1985)

We report the first organic-on-inorganic contact barrier semiconductor transistor. InP field-effect transistor similar to metal-semiconductor field-effect transistors was made by vacuum subliming a thin film of N, N′-dimethyl 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide onto Si-implanted channel, forming a gate contact. Good pinch-off characteristics and relatively small gate leakage current were obtained. The extrinsic transconductances for these devices are approximately 70–80 mS/mm, with a gate length of 1.5 μm and a channel carrier concentration in the high 1016 cm−3.
Mechanism of Pseudocapacitive Charge Storage in MnO2 (2014)

Electrochemical supercapacitors utilizing {\alpha}-MnO2 offer the possibility of both high power density and high energy density. Unfortunately, the mechanism of electrochemical charge storage in {\alpha}-MnO2 and the effect of operating conditions on the charge storage mechanism are generally not well understood. Here, we present the first detailed charge storage mechanism of {\alpha}-MnO2 and explain the capacity differences between {\alpha}- and {\beta}-MnO2 using a combined theoretical electrochemical and band structure analysis. We identify the importance of the band gap, work function, the point of zero charge, and the tunnel sizes of the electrode material, as well as the pH and stability window of the electrolyte in determining the viability of a given electrode material. The high capacity of {\alpha}-MnO2 results from cation induced charge-switching states in the band gap that overlap with the scanned potential allowed by the electrolyte. The charge-switching states originate from interstitial and substitutional cations (H+, Li+, Na+, and K+) incorporated into the material. Interstitial cations are found to induce charge-switching states by stabilizing Mn-O antibonding orbitals from the conduction band. Substitutional cations interact with O[2p] dangling bonds that are destabilized from the valence band by Mn vacancies to induce charge-switching states. We calculate the equilibrium electrochemical potentials at which these states are reduced and predict the effect of the electrochemical operating conditions on their contribution to charge storage. The mechanism and theoretical approach we report is general and can be used to computationally screen new materials for improved charge storage via ion incorporation.
Graphenic carbon-silicon contacts for reliability improvement of metal-silicon junctions (2016)

Contact resistance and thermal degradation of metal-silicon contacts are challenges in nanoscale CMOS as well as in power device applications. Titanium silicide (TiSi) contacts are commonly used metal-silicon contacts, but are known to diffuse into the active region under high current stress. In this paper we show that a graphenic carbon (C) contact deposited on n-type silicon (C-Si) by CVD, has the same low Schottky barrier height of 0.45 eV as TiSi, but a much improved reliability against high current stress. The C-Si contact is over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> times more stable against high current stress pulses than the conventionally used TiSi junction. The C-Si contact properties even show promise to establish an ultra-low, high temperature stable contact resistance. The finding has important consequences for the enhancement of reliability in power devices as well as in Schottky-diodes and electrical contacts to silicon in general.
Mycoplasma penetrans Is Capable of Activating Vγ9/Vδ2 T Cells While Other Human Pathogenic Mycoplasmas Fail To Do So (2004)

While most mycoplasma species appear to have evolutionarily lost the ability to synthesize isoprenoid precursors, Mycoplasma penetrans has retained the nonmevalonate pathway that proceeds via the immunogenic intermediate (E)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (HMB-PP). Consequently, this pathogen is capable of stimulating human V gamma 9/V delta 2 T cells.
Analysis of Noise Uncertainty and Frequency Selectivity Effects in Wideband Multimode Spectrum Sensing (2015)

The present work is devoted to the comprehensive analysis of the detrimental effects of noise uncertainty in wide-band multimode subband based spectrum sensing over frequency selective channels. Unlike existing analyses that are mostly limited to single-band detection, an analytical model is firstly formulated for the case of wide-band multimode subband based spectrum sensing, considering both noise uncertainty and frequency selectivity. This model is also extended for the case of detecting a reappearing primary user (PU), as well as for the sensing scenarios where the frequency range of a PU is unknown. Novel closed-form expressions are derived for the corresponding probabilities of false alarm and probabilities of detection. The derived expressions are subsequently employed in quantifying the effects of noise uncertainty and frequency selectivity. A subband based scheme for the sensing of multi-channel primary systems is presented and analyzed. The proposed method is found to exhibit significantly reduced sensing time and greatly improved robustness against noise uncertainty compared to the basic wideband energy detection method.
A framework for analysing load balancing in distributed parallel control of calls and services in telecommunications (2002)

The paper deals with a model of load balancing in distributed parallel control of calls and services in telecommunications and a method for evaluating the balancing effect with respect to different load conditions in a network. Basic balancing strategies and simulation methods for evaluating load conditions and balancing algorithms are defined. Some typical results as well as a discussion on system observance are included.
A zero V<inf>TH</inf> memory cell ferroelectric-NAND flash memory with 32% read disturb, 24% program disturb, 10% data retention improvement for enterprise SSD (2009)

A zero V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> memory cell scheme for the ferroelectric (Fe)-NAND flash memory is proposed. In the zero V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> memory cell scheme, the middle of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> of erased and programmed cells is 0 V. Based on the measurement, this paper shows for the first time that the reliability of a Fe-NAND cell such as the data retention, read disturb, and program disturb is best optimized in the proposed zero V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> cell. The measured V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> shift due to the read disturb, program disturb and data retention decreases by 32%, 24% and 10%, respectively. Contrarily, in the negative V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> cell where the middle of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> of erased and programmed cells is negative, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> shift during the data retention is as much as 0.49 V and unacceptably large. In the conventional positive V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> cell where the middle of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> of erased and programmed cells is positive suffers from a sever read and program disturb. The measured results are drastically different from those of the conventional floating-gate NAND cell where the negative V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</sub> cell is most suitable in terms of the reliability.
Beam with Adaptive Divergence Angle in Free-Space Optical Communications for High-Speed Trains (2018)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive beam that adapts its divergence angle according to the receiver aperture diameter and the communication distance to improve the received power and ease the alignment between the communicating optical transceivers in a free-space optical communications (FSOC) system for high-speed trains (HSTs). We compare the received power, signal-to-noise ratio, bit error rate, and the maximum communication distance of the proposed adaptive beam with a beam that uses a fixed divergence angle of 1 mrad. The proposed adaptive beam yields a higher received power with an increase of 33 dB in average over the fixed-divergence beam under varying visibility conditions and distance. Moreover, the proposed adaptive divergence angle extends the communication distance of a FSOC system for HSTs to about three times under different visibility conditions as compared to a fixed divergence beam. We also propose a new ground transceiver placement that places the ground transceivers of a FSOC system for HSTs on gantries placed above the train passage instead of placing them next to track. The proposed transceiver placement provides a received-power increase of 3.8 dB in average over the conventional placement of ground-station transceivers next to the track.
Process variability at the 65nm node and beyond (2008)

The impact of manufacturing-induced variations has been well established as a first order impediment to modern integrated circuit design [1]. Numerous research efforts are currently underway to (a) understand and characterize variability[2], to (b) predict its impact on circuit behavior[3], and (c) to develop layout and circuit design techniques to reduce the impact of variability[4]. Simultaneously, except for the most advanced high performance designs, the increasing cost of migrating to sub-65 nm technology nodes is slowing down adoption of advanced technologies. This slow down is allowing current efforts to catch up and help mitigate variability as an impediment.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Genomic Analysis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines and Human Tumors: A Rational Approach to Preclinical Model Selection (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 75K, Mutation frequencies by source (cell line or tumor) and disease site (larynx, oral cavity, pharynx).&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Poly(ε-caprolactone) Macromonomers by Lipase Catalysis (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteSynthesis of Amphiphilic Poly(ε-caprolactone) Macromonomers by Lipase CatalysisArmando CórdovaView Author Information STFI, Swedish Pulp and Paper Research Institute, P.O. Box 5604, SE−114 86 Stockholm, Sweden Cite this: Biomacromolecules 2001, 2, 4, 1347–1351Publication Date (Web):October 12, 2001Publication History Received18 June 2001Revised30 July 2001Published online12 October 2001Published inissue 1 December 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bm0101015https://doi.org/10.1021/bm0101015brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Acyls,Functionalization,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
Uveal lymphoid infiltrates: immunohistochemical evidence for a lymphoid neoplasia. (1989)

A 67-year-old man presented with a diffuse choroidal and ciliary body infiltrate, suggesting clinically and ultrasonographically a diffuse uveal melanoma. After enucleation both morphological and immunohistochemical data were highly suggestive of a diffuse, low-grade B cell lymphoma or lymphoplasmacytic immunocytoma. The difficulties of clinical and histopathological differential diagnosis of uveal lymphoid infiltrates are emphasised. In view of the excellent life prognosis of these tumours, treatment of the patient should be directed towards the preservation of ocular function.
Production of structured TAG rich in 1,3‐capryloyl‐2‐arachidonoyl glycerol from Mortierella single‐cell oil (2003)

Abstract Two oils containing a large amount of 2‐arachidonoyl‐TAG were selected to produce structured TAG rich in 1,3‐capryloyl‐2‐arachidonoyl glycerol (CAC). An oil (TGA58F oil) was prepared by fermentation of Mortierella alpina , in which the 2‐arachidonyoyl‐TAG content was 67 mol%. Another oil (TGA55E oil) was prepared by selective hydrolysis of a commercially available oil (TGA40 oil) with Candida rugosa lipase. The 2‐arachidonoyl‐TAG content in the latter was 68 mol%. Acidolysis of the two oils with caprylic acid (CA) using immobilized Rhizopus oryzae lipase showed that TGA55E oil was more suitable than TGA58F oil for the production of structured TAG containing a higher concentration of CAC. Hence, a continuous‐flow acidolysis of TGA55E oil was performed using a column (18×125 mm) packed with 10 g immobilized R. oryzae lipase. When a mixture of TGA55E oil/CA (1∶2, w/w) was fed at 35°C into the fixed‐bed reactor at a flow rate of 4.0 mL (3.6 g)/h, the degree of acidolysis initially reached 53%, and still achieved 48% even after continuous operation for 90 d. The reaction mixture that flowed from the reactor contained small amounts of partial acylglycerols and tricaprylin in addition to FFA. Molecular distillation was used for purification of the structured TAG, and removed not only FFA but also part of the partial acylglycerols and tricaprylin, resulting in an increase in the CAC content in acylglycerols from 44.0 to 45.8 mol%. These results showed that a process composed of selective hydrolysis, acidolysis, and molecular distillation is effective for the production of CAC‐rich structured TAG.
Numerical Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Prediction of Rotating Tapered Channel (2009)

Computational fluid mechanics and heat transfer prediction are applied to study the three-dimensional turbulent flow and heat transfer in a rotating smooth tapered channel. Two channel orientations (90° and 135° from the rotation direction), three rotation numbers, Ro = 0, 0.14, and 0.28, and three inlet coolant-to-wall density ratios, 0.12, 0.20, and 0.40, are investigated for one Reynolds number value, 10,000. The local normalized Nusselt number values are reported for four walls: leading, trailing, top, and bottom walls. The results show considerable spanwise local Nusselt number variation across the leading and trailing walls as the rotation number increases. This causes flow reversal at the leading wall. For the top and bottom walls, Nusselt number variation is affected by the rotation angle. As the rotation angle changes from 90° to 135° the flow impinging the bottom wall results in higher Nusselt numbers compared to the top wall. The effect of varying channel cross section and hydraulic diameter (increasing by 19%) on the spanwise-averaged Nusselt number is unappreciable, when compared with experimental Nusselt number values for a rectangular channel.
Modeling the effect of the atmosphere on light (1987)

The interaction of light with particles suspended in the air is the cause of some beautiful effects. Among these effects are the colors of the sunset, the blue of the sky, and the appearance of a scene in fog. A lighting model that takes into account the effects of scattering by suspended particles is presented. A method of computing the colors of the sun and sky, for any sun position above the horizon, is derived from the lighting model. The model is also suitable for rendering fog under general lighting conditions. As an example of the use of the model for rendering fog, the special case of fog lit by the sun, without shadows, is considered.
Lip tracking under varying expressions utilizing domain knowledge (2013)

In recent years the need of a robust facial component tracking especially lip tracking algorithm has increased dramatically. We implement an active contour (snake) model inspired by human perception for lip tracking. In addition to the conventional energy terms for tension, rigidity (internal energy) and gradient magnitude (external energy) we propose to include energy terms from domain knowledge for lip shape constraint and local region profile constraint. Generalized deterministic annealing (GDA) update of the energy functional helps the solution to escape suboptimal local minima in the energy space and give better tracking result. Experimental results show that the proposed method efficiently adapts to the highly deformable lip boundaries even for lips with indistinct edges and colored (adorned) lips where gradient magnitude based or local region based tracking methods respectively fail. We have done a number of experiments to evaluate the performance of our method in comparison with the existing state-of-the-art methods.