gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Labeling of Surface Discontinuities through the Integration of Vision Modules (2005)

We assume that a major goal of the early vision modules and their integration is to deliver a cartoon of the discontinuities in the scene and to label them in terms of their physical origin. The output of each of the vision modules is noisy, possibly sparse and sometimes not unique. We have used a coupled Markov Random Field (MRF) at the output of each module - stereo, motion, color, texture - to achieve two goals: first, to counteract the noise and fill sparse data and second, to integrate the image within each MRF to find the mod ale discontinuities and align them with the intensity edges. In this work we discuss the extension of this scheme for the integration of all the low-level modules and the labeling of discontinuities in terms of depth, orientation, albedo, illumination and specular discontinuities. We present labeling results using a simple linear classifier operating on the output of the MRF associated with each vision module and coupled to the usage data. The classifier has been trained on a small set of a mixture of synthetic and real data.
Silicon photonic on-chip trace-gas spectroscopy of methane (2016)

We demonstrate a silicon photonic chip sensor for absorption spectroscopy of methane near =1651 nm. Noise analysis demonstrates 8.5×10-4 Hz-1/2 minimum fractional absorption and Gaussian noise performance with 20 ppmv detection limit at ~103 s.
RISK, PERSISTENCE and FOCUS: A LIFE CYCLE OF THE ENTREPRENEUR (2005)

Adapting a life cycle model from managerial literature, conclusions are drawn about the nature of colonial entrepreneurship from a case analysis of 133 New Zealand entrepreneurs, active between 1880 and 1910. Five stages in the life cycle of the entrepreneur are investigated: preparation, embarkation, exploration, expansion and transformation. Characteristic behaviours observed include the prevalence of entrepreneurial partnerships; a propensity for commencing multiple business ventures; and persistence in the face of business failure. Strategically, the colonial entrepreneur leveraged personal skills and abilities as a modus operandi for business expansion, often relying on family ownership and family management structures.
Defect in IgV gene somatic hypermutation in Common Variable Immuno-Deficiency syndrome (1998)

Common Variable Immuno-Deficiency (CVID) is the most common symptomatic primary antibody-deficiency syndrome, but the basic immunologic defects underlying this syndrome are not well defined. We report here that among eight patients studied (six CVID and two hypogammaglobulinemic patients with recurrent infections), there is in two CVID patients a dramatic reduction in Ig V gene somatic hypermutation with 40-75% of IgG transcripts totally devoid of mutations in the circulating memory B cell compartment. Functional assays of the T cell compartment point to an intrinsic B cell defect in the process of antibody affinity maturation in these two cases.
Treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy with minimally invasive corneal neurotisation: long-term clinical outcomes and evidence of corneal reinnervation (2019)

By providing an alternative source of innervation, MICN improves corneal sensation and stabilises the corneal epithelium, permitting optical keratoplasty for patients with NK-related corneal opacity.
Synthesis of 6,7,2',3'-Tetramethoxy-5,4',6'-trihydroxyflavone (1983)

6,7,2',3'-Tetramethoxy-5,4',6'-trihydroxyflavone and its positional isomers were synthesized, and any of them were not identical with the flavone isolated from Notholaena aschenborniana.The structure of hepta-substituted flavone, isolated from Notholaena aschenborniana KL. (Polypodiaceae) was concluded to be 6,7,Zq,3'-tetramethoxy-5,4',6'-trihydroxyflavone (a) by spectroscopic methods by Wollcnweber qt.' We called attention to the structure of this flavone, because it was the first reported flavone having tetra-0-substituted B ring, and was was homospecies flavoneZ which had the same substitutional patterns between in ring A and in ring B in the corresponding 8-diketone ( 2 ) .F o r preparation of A, the problem was how to prepare B ring moiety, OMe -.Chart 1 2,4-dibenzyloxy-5,6-dimethoxybenzaldehyd ( 1 .3-Hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (irininaldehyde) (k), which wag the important synthetic intermediate as precursor for and had not yet been prepared successfully, was able to be synthesized by our new method from o-vanillin by five steps as shown in chart 2 , 12; ' H NMR (CDC1 ) 6 : 3.88, 3.96 (6H, each s, ~xOCH_~), 6.98 (OF), 7.03, 7.10 (ZH, each d, J= 3 2.3 HZ, H-2,6), 9.75 (CP)].After 2 was subjected to the Baeyer-Villiger reaction, the resulting diphenol was benzylated with benzyl chloride and K2C03 in DMF to give CHO CHO CHO &OH -2-2. 1 2 B&0~e3.4.5,$,
Re-engaging and dis-engaging talk in activity (1999)

This article explores how members of small work groups use audible and visible actions to coordinate conversational interaction. The analysis of this activity context includes some methods for re-engaging turn-by-turn talk after it has lapsed, as well as some methods for making relevant a lapse in talk, and dis-engaging it, once it has been engaged. In addition, the actions positioned at conversational boundaries, both pre-re-engaging and post-dis-engaging, show the members' orientation to phases of lapse and phases of turn-by-turn talk. This study is part of a larger dissertation project (Szymanski 1996). I thank Rebecca Simon and her third-graders for welcoming me into their classroom. I also gratefully acknowledge Gene Lerner, John Gumperz, Leslie Jarmon, and Jürgen Streeck for their valuable comments on earlier drafts of this article.
Kinetic study of benzyl [1-14C]acetate as a potential probe for astrocytic energy metabolism in the rat brain: Comparison with benzyl [2-14C]acetate (2015)

Brain uptake of [ 14 C]acetate has been reported to be a useful marker of astrocytic energy metabolism. In addition to uptake values, the rate of radiolabeled acetate washout from the brain appears to reflect CO 2 exhaustion and oxygen consumption in astrocytes. We measured the time–radioactivity curves of benzyl [1- 14 C]acetate ([1- 14 C]BA), a lipophilic probe of [1- 14 C]acetate, and compared it with that of benzyl [2- 14 C]acetate ([2- 14 C]BA) in rat brains. The highest brain uptake was observed immediately after injecting either [1- 14 C]BA or [2- 14 C]BA, and both subsequently disappeared from the brain in a single-exponential manner. Estimated [1- 14 C]BA washout rates in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum were higher than those of [2- 14 C]BA. These results suggested that [1- 14 C]BA could be a useful probe for estimating the astrocytic oxidative metabolism. The [1- 14 C]BA washout rate in the cerebral cortex of immature rats was lower than that of mature rats. An autoradiographic study showed that the washout rates of [1- 14 C]BA from the rat brains of a lithium–pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus model were not significantly different from the values in control rat brains except for the medial septal nucleus. These results implied that the enhancement of amino acid turnover rate rather than astrocytic oxidative metabolism was increased in status epilepticus.
2-kW cw fiber-coupled diode laser system (2000)

We have developed a high-power laser system that is based on actively cooled GaAs diode laser stacks. Fast axis collimation and subsequent beam rearrangement generates a symmetric laser beam in respect to the beam parameter product along the two main axes. By polarization and wavelength coupling 100 diode laser elements can be coupled into one fiber at a beam parameter product of less than 200 mm*mrad in both directions and more than 2 kW cw output power at the workpiece. At a spot diameter of less than 1 mm the power density exceeds 250 kW/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. First material processing experiments show that deep welding at working speeds that meet industrial requirements in steel can be observed. High-power diode lasers show that they become suitable for industrial work.
Planetary Lander Dynamic Model for GN&C (2009)

The Boeing Company, with collaborators, is developing an approach to an integrated precision landing and hazard avoidance (PL&HA) system that is capable of incorporating a suite of sensors to achieve terrain-relative navigation, and hazard detection and avoidance. The approach for the powered descent phase of the lander includes the sensors to provide a digital terrain map (DTM), cost map algorithms that identify the safe-landing sites from the DTM, and guidance navigation and control (GN&C) derived from the Delta Clipper (DC-X) project. A future flight demonstration of the GN&C and PL&HA technology to demonstrate precision landing could utilize the XA-0.2 lander model of Masten Space Systems. Boeing is developing a high-fidelity dynamic simulation model of the Masten XA-0.2 lander platform. Masten Space Systems has provided lander computer-aided design (CAD), mass properties data, and propulsion system models to Boeing for inclusion in this high-fidelity dynamic model. Boeing has developed a fuel-slosh model, rocket plume model, and an aerodynamic model of the XA-0.2 lander, and it will conduct wind tunnel testing to determine aerodynamic properties for the GN&C simulation. Boeing will then conduct extensive Monte Carlo simulations using this high-fidelity dynamic model to predict lander dynamic behavior during autonomous ascent, descent, and landing when controlled by Boeing GN&C adapted from the DC-X. 1 Systems Engineer, Boeing IDS, 5301 Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647/Mail Stop H012-C349, AIAA Member. 2 Flight Simulation Engineer, Boeing IDS, 5301 Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647/Mail Stop H022C328, AIAA Member. 3 Senior Manager, Flight Systems, Boeing IDS, 5301 Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647/Mail Stop H013-C328, AIAA Member. 4 Senior Manager, Advanced Technology Concepts, Boeing Research and Technology, 5301 Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647/Mail Stop H045-E408, AIAA Member. 5 Aerothermodynamics Engineer, Boeing IDS, Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647/Mail Stop H013-C322, AIAA Member. 6 Propulsion Engineer, Boeing Research and Technology, 5301 Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647/Mail Stop H045-E408, AIAA Member. 7 CFD Engineer, Boeing Research and Technology, 5301 Bolsa Avenue, Huntington Beach, CA 92647/Mail Stop H045-E408, AIAA Member. 8 Propulsion Engineer, Masten Space Systems, 1570 Sabovich St., Bldg 25, Mojave, CA 93501, AIAA Member. 9 President, Masten Space Systems, 1570 Sabovich St., Bldg 25, Mojave, CA 93501, non-member. AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition 14 17 September 2009, Pasadena, California AIAA 2009-6571 Copyright © 2009 by The Boeing Co. Published by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., with permission. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics 2
NewN-Arachidonoylserotonin Analogues with Potential “Dual” Mechanism of Action against Pain (2007)

N-arachidonoylserotonin (AA-5-HT, 1a) is an inhibitor of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) that acts also as an antagonist of transient receptor potential vanilloid-type 1 (TRPV1) channels and is analgesic in rodents. We modified the chemical structure of 1a with the aim of developing "hybrid" FAAH/TRPV1 blockers more potent than the parent compound or obtaining analogues with single activity at either of the two targets to study the mechanism of the analgesic action of 1a. Thirty-eight AA-5-HT analogues, containing a serotonin "head" bound to a variety of lipophilic moieties via amide, urea, or carbamate functionalities, were synthesized. Unlike 1a, most of the new compounds possessed activity at only one of the two considered targets. The amides 1b and 1c of alpha- and gamma-linolenic acid, however, showed "hybrid" activity similar to 1a. The carbamate 3f (OMDM106), although unable to antagonize TRPV1 receptors, was the most potent FAAH inhibitor in this study (IC50=0.5 microM). Compounds 3f and 1m (OMDM129), which exhibited activity at only FAAH or TRPV1, respectively, were 10-fold less potent than 1a at preventing formalin-induced hyperalgesia in mice.
Synthesis of (2R,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyproline from D-ribonolactone; an approach to the synthesis of polyfunctionalised D-amino acids from sugar lactones. X-Ray molecular structures of 2-azido-3,4-O-(R)-benzylidene-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,5-lactone, 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone, and (2R,3S,3R)-3,4-dihydroxyproline (1987)

A general approach to the synthesis of polyfunctionalised amino acids from sugar lactones, in which nucleophilic displacement by azide ion of O-trifluoromethanesulphonyl esters adjacent to the lactone carbonyl is the key step, is discussed and is exemplified by the synthesis of the D-amino acid (2R,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyproline from D-ribonolactone; unexpectedly, displacement of a triflate by azide in the C-2 position of ribonolactone occurs with retention of configuration. The X-ray crystal structures of 2-azido-3,4-O-(R)-benzylidene-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,5-lactone, 2-azido-2-deoxy-D-ribono-1,4-lactone, and (2R,3S,4R)-3,4-dihydroxyproline are reported. I.r. spectroscopy does not discriminate reliably between 1,4-and 1,5-lactones, and X-ray crystallography is necessary to provide reliable structural information in this area.
The Chemo-Biological Outreach of Nano-Biomaterials: Implications for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine (2017)

Nanobiomaterials can be defined as materials interacting with and influencing the biological microenvironment at a nanointerface. Recently the basic as well as applied research related to nanobiomaterials - a conjugation of nano-, material- and life-sciences - has immensely evolved for therapeutics and related biotechnology areas. The current overview focused on the potential of nanobiomaterial-based substrates towards the generation of biocompatible surfaces, tissue engineering architectures, and regenerative medicine. Emphasis was given to chemomolecular functionalization of nanobiomaterials, nanobiomaterial composites, and morphomechanically modified nanoarchetypes and their inherent chemo-biological interaction with the biological microenvironment. Additionally, recent developments in nanobiomaterial substrate design and structure, chemo-biological interface related bio-systems uses and further evolving applications in health care, therapeutics and nanomedicine were discussed herein. Furthermore, a special emphasis was placed on the nano-chemo-biological interactions inherent to various nanobiomaterial substrates in close vicinity with biological systems.
Enhanced protection for influenza vaccines using a novel rOv-ASP-1 adjuvant aqueous formulation (VAC2P.933) (2014)

Abstract Adjuvants have been used to enhance the efficacy of a variety of vaccines; however, no adjuvant is included in current influenza vaccines used in the United States. In this study, we found that a novel adjuvant, rOv-ASP-1, co-administrated with inactivated influenza vaccine using an aqueous formulation, substantially improved the influenza-specific antibody response and protection against lethal infection in a mouse model. rOv-ASP-1 enhanced the magnitude of the specific antibody response after immunization with low doses of influenza vaccine, allowing antigen-sparring by 10-fold. The rOv-ASP-1 formulated vaccine induced a more rapid response and a stronger Th1-associated antibody response compared to vaccine alone and to the vaccine formulated with the adjuvant alum. Importantly, rOv-ASP-1 significantly enhanced cross-reactive antibody responses and protection when challenged with a heterologous influenza virus strain. These results demonstrate that rOv-ASP-1 is an effective adjuvant that: 1) accelerates and enhances the specific antibody response induced by influenza vaccine; 2) allows for antigen sparing; and 3) augments a Th1-biased and cross-reactive antibody response that confers heterologous protection.
Determination of empirical polarity parameters of the cellulose solvent N,N‐dimethylacetamide/LiCl by means of the solvatochromic technique (1998)

Empirical solvatochromic polarity parameters (α-, β-, and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \pi ^* $\end{document}, AN and DN, as well as ET(30)-values) for cellulose, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA)/LiCl and cellulose dissolved in DMA/LiCl are presented. The following solvent polarity indicators were applied: 2,6-diphenyl-4-(2,4,6-triphenyl-1- pyridinio)-1-phenolate (1), bis(4-N,N-dimethylamino)-benzophenone (MK, 2), iron(II)-di-cyano-bis(1,10)-phenanthroline, Fe(phen)2(CN)2, (3), and copper(II)-N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-ethylendiamine-acetylacetonate tetraphenylborate/chloride/bromide (Cu(tmen)(acac)+ X− (4)). The solvatochromic shifts (νmax) of the indicators 1, 2, 3, and 4 adsorbed to cellulose or dissolved in DMA/LiCl reflect the corresponding properties of the surrounding, the dipolarity/polarizability (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \pi ^* $\end{document}), the hydrogen bond donating ability or Lewis acidity (α), and the hydrogen bond accepting ability or Lewis basicity (β), respectively. Any indicator employed is well characterized (r > 0.97) by a linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) taking the Kamlet and Taft parameter into account: νmax(indicator) = νmax,0 + s\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \pi ^* $\end{document} + aα + bβ. Cellulose, DMA/LiCl, and the cellulose/DMA/LiCl solution approach a similar polarity with an ET(30) parameter about 52 to 53 kcal mol−1. The hypothetical interaction strength parameter (acid-base interactions, dipolar–dipolar interactions) between cellulose and DMA/LiCl are calculated by means of the individual Kamlet–Taft parameters α, β, and \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \pi ^* $\end{document} of cellulose and DMA/LiCl via a multiparameter equation. The specific chloride/cellulose interaction plays a dominant role in the cellulose solvent DMA/LiCl. Comparison of the polarity parameters of DMA/LiCl with the polarity parameters of other mixtures—such as N,N-dimethyl- formamide/LiCl, DMA/NaCl, or DMA/LiBr—are presented as well. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1945–1955, 1998
A Framework for Structural Input/Output and Control Configuration\n Selection in Large-Scale Systems (2013)

This paper addresses problems on the structural design of control systems\ntaking explicitly into consideration the possible application to large-scale\nsystems. We provide an efficient and unified framework to solve the following\nmajor minimization problems: (i) selection of the minimum number of\nmanipulated/measured variables to achieve structural\ncontrollability/observability of the system, and (ii) selection of the minimum\nnumber of feedback interconnections between measured and manipulated variables\nsuch that the closed-loop system has no structurally fixed modes. Contrary to\nwhat would be expected, we show that it is possible to obtain a global solution\nfor each of the aforementioned minimization problems using polynomial\ncomplexity algorithms in the number of the state variables of the system. In\naddition, we provide several new graph-theoretic characterizations of\nstructural systems concepts, which, in turn, enable us to characterize all\npossible solutions to the above problems.\n
On Activity Identification Pipelines for a Low-Accuracy EEG Device (2019)

Analyzing EEG signals can help us make implications about the user's activities or even thoughts which can result in a myriad of applications. However, clinical EEG monitoring tools are expensive, often immobile and in need of professional supervision. Lately a couple of companies started the production of relatively cheap, easy-to-use, and mobile devices with significantly lower accuracy. In this paper we intend to investigate the usability of these devices in recognizing concrete activities e.g. winking, raising a hand etc. To this end, we provide a comprehensive analysis by applying several signal processing and machine learning methods to the time series recorded by the EMOTIV Epoc+. In addition to the usability analysis of these devices, we also propose a flexible and general pipeline for processing and classifying time series of EEG signals. We hope that this pipeline will make a contribution to researchers' work on this field.
Verrucarin K, the First Natural Trichothecene Derivative Lacking the 12,13‐Epoxy Group. Verrucarins and Roridins. 34th Communication [1] (1977)

Abstract A new metabolite, verrucarin K (C 27 H 34 O 8 ) has been isolated from a strain of Myrothecium verrucaria (A LBERTINI et S CHWEINITZ ) D ITMAR ex F RIES . On the basis of spectral and chemical evidence structure 1 was assigned to the new compound. Base‐catalysed hydrolysis yielded verrucarinolactone ( 5 ), E , Z ‐muconic acid ( 6 ) and trichotheca‐9, 12‐diene‐4,15‐diol ( 3 ). The implications of 1 in the trichothecane biosynthesis are discussed.
Esophageal self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) migration: it's a topsy-turvy world (2012)

Case Reports
A partial tree vector quantizer dynamic element matching technique for audio &#x0394;-&#x03A3; converters (2011)

Multi-bit Δ-Σ modulators are widely used in performing accurate, low-power, and low cost analogue-to-digital conversion (ADC). One of its major limits is the internal feedback digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) non-linearity. It generates unwanted tones and noise in the band of interest, which makes impossible to achieve the signal quality required in audio products. Authors have overcome this difficulty by designing mismatch-shaping techniques, also called Dynamic Element Matching (DEM). We propose in this paper a new vector-based DEM that we have added to a 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> order continuous-time ADC. It achieves good audio performances for a reasonable gate count.
A Practical Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Imidazole p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors: A New Method for the Synthesis of α-Amidoketones (2003)

In this manuscript we disclose new synthetic methodology to prepare a member of a class of tetrasubstituted imidazole p38 inhibitors. The optimal route involves a thiazolium catalyzed cross acyloin-type condensation of a pyridinealdehyde with an N-acylimine. The pyridinealdehyde was prepared in 3 steps and 68% yield from 2-chloro-4-cyano pyridine. The tosylamide precursor to the N-acyl imine was prepared in two steps and 93% yield from isonipecotic acid. We have demonstrated the scope and some preliminary mechanistic studies concerning this new reaction. The resulting «-ketoamide is then cyclized with methyl ammonium acetate to provide the desired tetrasubstituted imidazole. Cbz deprotection and formation of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt completes the synthesis in 6 steps and 38% overall yield.
Synthesis Of Manufacturable Analog Circuits (1994)

We describe a synthesis system that takes operating range constraints and inter- and intra-circuit parametric manufacturing variations into account while designing a sized and biased analog circuit. Previous approaches to CAD for analog circuit synthesis have concentrated on nominal analog circuit design, and subsequent optimization of these circuits for statistical fluctuations and operating point ranges. Our approach simultaneously synthesizes and optimizes for operating and manufacturing variations by mapping the circuit design problem into an Infinite Programming problem and solving it using an annealing within annealing formulation. We present circuits designed by this integrated synthesis system, and show that they indeed meet their operating range and parametric manufacturing constraints.