gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromagnetic properties of complex media: nano-structured semicontinuous films and fractal aggregates (2005)

The nonlinear optical properties of complex medium are extremely difficult to study due to the randomness of the underlying structure. Important members of the family of inhomogeneous systems are the metal-dielectric composites and fractal aggregates. Studies based on effective medium approach have shed some light on the macroscopic properties of those materials but only recently, due to the advances of computer technology, researchers were able for first time to study and ultimately understand their local electromagnetic response. In this work we develop new numerical and analytical methods that explain the effective and local electromagnetic properties of nano-structured materials. Specifically, we study the electromagnetic response of random metal-dielectric films and fractal aggregates in wide spectral range. The Surface Plasmon (SP) eigenvalue-eigenvector problem is solved and modifications of the eigenfunctions resulting from the current conservation are investigated. The theoretical findings are shown to be in excellent agreement with the experimental results. New analytical theory for the Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) of periodic and semi-periodic arrays of nanometer size metal particle is developed and checked with direct numerical calculations. Our study shows that under resonant conditions, periodic arrays can be superior in their non-linear properties when compared to random films and fractal aggregates. Numerical and analytical investigations of dielectric particles coated with semicontinuous film are performed. We propose an adiabatic photomodification of the optical response which is achieved through intensity modulated laser pulses. The absorption properties of mixtures of steroidal particles and conductive sticks are investigated in great details.
Photoactive Hybrid Nanomaterial for Targeting, Labeling, and Killing Antibiotic‐Resistant Bacteria (2009)

Killing with light: A multifunctional nanosized zeolite L uses amino groups, a luminescent dye, and a 1O2 producer to target, label, and kill pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Expedient Synthesis of Chiral 1,2‐ and 1,4‐Diamines: Protecting Group Dependent Regioselectivity in Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reactions. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A novel design technique for ultra-thin tunable EBG AMC surfaces (2004)

A design methodology is presented for achieving considerable operating bandwidth at low frequencies, specifically below 1 GHz, by the use of an ultra-thin tunable electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) artificial magnetic conducting (AMC) surface. By incorporating a high dielectric, ultra-thin substrate into the design of an EBG AMC surface, it is not possible to achieve a large instantaneous bandwidth of operation. However, by utilizing a tunable surface, the narrow bandwidth resulting from the ultra-thin high-k design can be exploited and used advantageously. The narrow bandwidth of the structure gives rise to a "channel" frequency determined by the sharp resonance of the AMC surface. By actively tuning the dielectric substrate and hence the overall capacitance of the surface, this resonant frequency can be shifted between channels to cover a reasonably wide bandwidth. Thus, the same bandwidth can be utilized as that of a much thicker structure by tuning the thinner AMC accordingly. This design approach is especially useful at low frequencies below 1 GHz, where the overall thickness of conventional AMC surfaces becomes an issue of practical limitation. Several design examples are presented for ultra-thin tunable EBG AMC surfaces that have an overall thickness on the order of /spl lambda//2000.
Liquid chromatographic study of solute hydrogen bond basicity (1994)

The purpose of the present work was to investigate a liquid chromatographic method for the measurement of relative hydrogen bond basicities of dilute species. This type of determination cannot be done with conventional reversed-phase liquid chromatography due to the silanophilic interactions of basic solutes with the silica packing material. The studies were done on a polymeric stationary phase with pendant phenol groups that act as powerful hydrogen bond donors. Solute retention was evaluated in terms of two hydrogen bond basicity scales, beta 2H and beta 2C, and a steric hindrance parameter, Es. beta 2H and beta 2C are basicity scales based on the free energy of forming 1:1 hydrogen bond complexes and the retention on a strong hydrogen bond donor gas chromatographic phase, respectively. The Es parameter characterizes the steric effect experienced by the solute acceptor site. It is shown that retention correlates very strongly with beta 2H and less strongly with beta 2C. The log k' values need only two descriptive parameters, i.e., beta 2H and Es, to give a good fit. As a whole, retention on the phenolic polymeric phase provides an efficient method for the measurement of relative hydrogen bond basicities.
Design of all-optical switches based on carrier injection in Si/SiO/sub 2/ split-ridge waveguides (SRWs) (2006)

All-optical switches based on optical carrier injection in high-index-contrast Si/SiO/sub 2/ split-ridge-waveguide (SRW) couplers are analyzed. The waveguide devices are suitable for the construction of low-loss optical switch matrices as well as fast optical switching. These devices exhibit robustness against fabrication tolerances, improved heat sinking, good carrier confinement, and high uniformity in transmission over the entire C-band of optical communications, in contrast to comparable devices based on buried or ridge waveguides. Reasonably low electrical switching power of 1-10 mW is predicted for switching frequencies of 1 MHz to 1 GHz. Carrier recombination measurements in thin Si layers passivated with different oxide layers confirm the feasibility of the designed switches and modulators.
The NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli as a source of superoxide radicals. (1994)

The NAD(P)H:flavin oxidoreductase (encoded by the fre gene) of Escherichia coli is a soluble enzyme which, under aerobic conditions and together with NAD(P)H and flavins, generates superoxide radicals selectively. This was demonstrated from spin trapping experiments and from the ability of the flavin reductase to achieve a superoxide dismutase (SOD)-sensitive reduction of cytochrome c. The participation of the flavin reductase to O2-. generation in E. coli cells has been studied. Superoxide production in dialyzed cytosolic fraction of SOD-deficient E. coli was stimulated by the addition of flavins. There was no stimulation in soluble extracts of flavin reductase-deficient strains. Moreover, using fusions of sodA promoter to lacZ, we showed that sodA transcription was diminished in flavin reductase-deficient E. coli and that the induction of MnSOD by flavin reductase was SoxRS-independent. These results suggest that the flavin reductase might: (i) in vivo, be an important cytosolic site of O2-. generation; (ii) in vitro, serve as a simple, efficient, and selective O2-. generator.
Dovetail Tip: A New Approach for Low-Threshold Vacuum Nanoelectronics (2015)

An innovative approach for the fabrication of low-threshold, nanoscale field-emitter cathodes and arrays is proposed. By shaping a titanium cathode as dovetail geometry and using a thin vertical wall of high-permittivity dielectric, Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> , to isolate the tip from the gate, the electric field intensity near the tip edges is strongly increased, and a turn-ON voltage in the range of a few volts is predicted numerically and observed experimentally. The resulting cathode structure is compact, self-aligned to the vacuum cavity and is fabricated through the standard silicon fabrication processes. Besides, unlike all existing approaches, vacuum is achieved at the wafer level and not at the package level, thereby reducing fabrication costs. Measurements on a first prototyped array of 5×4 diode-connected parallel devices with a silicon area of 5 μm×4 μm, confirm Fowler-Nordheim emission with a 2 V turn-ON voltage, while displaying a total emission current of 25 μA at a gate-cathode bias of 20 V.
Scheduling algorithms for shared fiber-delay-line optical packet switches - the single-stage case (2005)

Optical packets may arrive at an optical switch in an uncoordinated fashion. Therefore, fiber delay lines (FDL) are needed to buffer packets when contention occurs. There have been several optical-buffered switch architectures and FDL assignment algorithms proposed in the literature. However, most of them either have high implementation complexity, or fail to schedule departure time for delayed packets. In this paper, we study the scheduling algorithms for the single-stage shared-FDL optical packet switch. We propose two new FDL assignment algorithms: the sequential FDL assignment (SEFA) algorithm and the multi-cell FDL assignment (MUFA) algorithm. Our algorithms can make resource reservation so as to schedule departure time for packets. Owing to FDL and/or output-port conflicts, the packets that fail to be scheduled are discarded before entering the switch. We show by simulation that with these algorithms, the optical-buffered switch can achieve a loss rate of /spl sim/10/sup -7/ even at the load of 0.9.
Diagnostic Capability of 3D Peripapillary Retinal Volume for Glaucoma Using Optical Coherence Tomography Customized Software (2019)

The diagnostic capability of RV is similar to RNFL thickness for perimetric open-angle glaucoma, but RV had fewer artifacts compared with RNFL thickness.
Near-Infrared Waveguide-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Trace Gases (2017)

Functionalized silicon nitride waveguides are used to detect Raman scattering from trace concentrations of vapor phase chemicals. Parts-per-billion detection limits are measured using single-mode rib and nanoslot waveguides pumped at 785 nm.
PELDOR Spectroscopy with DOPA-β2 and NH2Y-α2s:  Distance Measurements between Residues Involved in the Radical Propagation Pathway of E. coli Ribonucleotide Reductase (2007)

Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) catalyzes the reduction of nucleotides to 2'-deoxynucleotides. The active enzyme is a 1:1 complex of two homodimeric subunits, alpha2 and beta2. The alpha2 is the site of nucleotide reduction, and beta2 harbors a diferric tyrosyl radical (Y122*) cofactor. Turnover requires formation of a cysteinyl radical (C439*) in the active site of alpha2 at the expense of the Y122* in beta2. A docking model for the alpha2beta2 interaction and a pathway for radical transfer from beta2 to alpha2 have been proposed. This pathway contains three Ys: Y356 in beta2 and Y731/Y730 in alpha2. We have previously incorporated 3-hydroxytyrosine and 3-aminotyrosine into these residues and showed that they act as radical traps. In this study, we use these alpha2/beta2 variants and PELDOR spectroscopy to measure the distance between the Y122* in one alphabeta pair and the newly formed radical in the second alphabeta pair. The results yield distances that are similar to those predicted by the docking model for radical transfer. Further, they support a long-range radical initiation process for C439* generation and provide a structural constraint for residue Y356, which is thermally labile in all beta2 structures solved to date.
Induction of nAbs and protection of mice immunized with VLP's expressing CHIKV env (2014)

Background: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has re-emerged as a dangerous mosquito-borne alphavirus and has been responsible for several recent epidemics in tropical Africa and Asia. Despite the recent resurgence of CHIKV, there are still no available vaccines or therapeutics for the disease. Considering the current potential for a global CHIKV pandemic, developing a CHIKV vaccine that elicits potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies is of paramount importance. Results: In our previous attempts to measure the immune response against DNA-encoded antigens delivered by EP, we observed that these immunogens are capable of providing protection from CHIKV viral infection in mice and inducing strong neutralizing antibody responses in non-human primates. While expressing CHIKV envelope in pseudoviral assays for these studies, we observed that even in the absence of core protein, CHIKV envelope would bud from transfected cells as long tubular structures that mimic native envelope. We purified these virus-like-particles (VLPs) from the cell culture supernatant and performed immunogenicity studies in Balb/C mice by intra-peritoneal administration. Sera from immunized animals showed high reactivity with CHIKV-envelope antigen in ELISA binding assays and high neutralization activity. Conclusion: Our results confirm the in vivo effectiveness of synthetic CHIKV VLPs as a useful vaccine platform. Furthermore, our results suggest the possibility of extending this in vivo technology to other pathogens for which a vaccine remains unavailable
A sample application of supercapacitor storage systems for suburban transit (2010)

The advance in energy storage technologies allows to improve significantly the performances of electrified light transportation systems. This is aligned with the massive requirement of competitiveness compared to other transportation technologies in terms of sustainable energy and high reduction of environmental impact. The installation of stationary storage devices, as widely recognized, allows the recovery of the braking energy for increasing the energy efficiency as well as lower line voltage drops. In the paper, the storage system under investigation is based upon a bidirectional dc-dc converter with supercapacitors, characterized by high power density. The main parameters of the storage system are determined by employing an optimization technique, which in a quite general way is capable of taking into account contemporaneously several aspects in an integrated manner. Some simulations of lines of a suburban railways in Southern Italy managed by Sepsa Company are presented, pointing out how supercapacitors can be practically designed with the proposed technique.
Highly efficient multiplex editing: one‐shot generation of 8× Nicotiana benthamiana and 12× Arabidopsis mutants (2021)

Genome editing by RNA-guided nucleases, such as SpCas9, has been used in numerous different plant species. However, to what extent multiple independent loci can be targeted simultaneously by multiplexing has not been well documented. Here, we developed a toolkit, based on a highly intron-optimized zCas9i gene, which allows assembly of nuclease constructs expressing up to 32 single guide RNAs (sgRNAs). We used this toolkit to explore the limits of multiplexing in two major model species, and report on the isolation of transgene-free octuple (8×) Nicotiana benthamiana and duodecuple (12×) Arabidopsis thaliana mutant lines in a single generation (T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> , respectively). We developed novel counter-selection markers for N. benthamiana, most importantly Sl-FAST2, comparable to the well-established Arabidopsis seed fluorescence marker, and FCY-UPP, based on the production of toxic 5-fluorouracil in the presence of a precursor. Targeting eight genes with an array of nine different sgRNAs and relying on FCY-UPP for selection of non-transgenic T<sub>1</sub> , we identified N. benthamiana mutant lines with astonishingly high efficiencies: All analyzed plants carried mutations in all genes (approximately 112/116 target sites edited). Furthermore, we targeted 12 genes by an array of 24 sgRNAs in A. thaliana. Efficiency was significantly lower in A. thaliana, and our results indicate Cas9 availability is the limiting factor in such higher-order multiplexing applications. We identified a duodecuple mutant line by a combination of phenotypic screening and amplicon sequencing. The resources and results presented provide new perspectives for how multiplexing can be used to generate complex genotypes or to functionally interrogate groups of candidate genes.
Electrically Active Defects in Plated Crystalline Silicon n+p Solar Cells: A DLTS Perspective (2018)

Laser ablation (LA) has been compared with standard wet etching for contact opening in crystalline silicon n(+)p solar cells, from a perspective of electrically active defects, assessed by Deep-Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS). Copper metallization is employed, including a plated nickel diffusion barrier. It is shown that a hole trap around 0.17 eV above the valence band is systematically present in the depletion region of the junctions, irrespective of the contact opening method. It is believed that this could correspond with the substitutional nickel donor level in silicon and indicates that nickel in-diffusion occurs during the contact processing. No clear evidence for the presence of electrically active copper has been found. In addition, two other hole traps H2 and H3, belonging to point defects, have been observed after wet etching and standard LA, while for the highest laser power (hard LA) a broad band develops around 175 K, which is believed to be associated with laser-ablation-induced dislocations, penetrating the p-type base region. Evidence will also be given for the impurity decoration of the dislocations, which enhances their electrical activity.
RE: BLADDER PROLAPSE IN A FEMALE INFANT WITH COMPLETE EPISPADIAS (1998)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Letters to the Editor1 Feb 1998RE: BLADDER PROLAPSE IN A FEMALE INFANT WITH COMPLETE EPISPADIAS L.E. Ponsky and J.S. Elder L.E. PonskyL.E. Ponsky More articles by this author and J.S. ElderJ.S. Elder More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)63972-7AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: BLADDER PROLAPSE IN A FEMALE INFANT WITH COMPLETE EPISPADIAS." The Journal of Urology, 159(2), p. 512 References 1 : Personal communication.1997; . Google Scholar © 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 159 Issue 2 February 1998 Page: 512 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1998 by American Urological Association, Inc.Metrics Author Information L.E. Ponsky More articles by this author J.S. Elder More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Down regulation of BRCA2 causes radio‐sensitization of human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo (2008)

In order to study the role of BRCA2 protein in homologous recombination repair and radio-sensitization, we utilized RNA interference strategy in vitro and in vivo with human tumor cells. HeLa cells transfected with small-interfering BRCA2 NA (BRCA2 siRNA) (Qiagen) as well as negative-control siRNA for 48 h were irradiated, and several critical end points were examined. The radiation cell survival level was significantly reduced in HeLa cells with BRCA2 siRNA when compared with mock- or negative-control siRNA transfected cells. DNA double strand break repair as measured by constant field gel-electrophoresis showed a clear inhibition in cells with BRCA2 siRNA, while little inhibition was observed in cells with negative control siRNA. Our immuno-staining experiments revealed a significant delay in Rad51 foci formation in cells with BRCA2 siRNA when compared with the control populations. However, none of the non-homologous end joining proteins nor the phosphorylation of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit was affected in cells transfected with BRCA2 siRNA. In addition, the combined treatment with radiation and BRCA2 siRNA in xenograft model with HeLa cells showed an efficient inhibition of in vivo tumor growth. Our results demonstrate down-regulation of BRCA2 leads to radio-sensitization mainly through the inhibition of homologous recombination repair type double-strand break repair; a possibility of using BRCA2 siRNA as an effective radiosensitizer in tumor radiotherapy may arise.
Metal‐Catalyzed Regioselective Oxy‐Functionalization of Internal Alkynes: An Entry into Ketones, Acetals, and Spiroketals. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Practical design of a liquid rate gyroscope using an electro-conjugate fluid (2009)

An electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) is a kind of dielectric fluid that works as a functional/smart fluid generating a powerful jet flow (ECF jet) when subjected to a high d.c. voltage. The authors previously proposed the first liquid rate gyroscope in the world using ECF. The ECF liquid rate gyroscope proposed uses the drift of the ECF jet due to the Coriolis force when an angular motion is applied. The contribution of the proposed concept to gyroscope technology is that it provides the possibility of a low-cost micro gyroscope with inherent robustness to external impact. To move beyond a mere laboratory curiosity, the present paper describes the practical design of an ECF liquid rate gyroscope and characterizes the prototype. The ECF liquid rate gyroscope developed in this study has a scale factor, range of detection, resolution, and linearity of 32 mV/(°/s), ±400°/s, 0.04°/s, and 2 per cent of full scale (with a range of ±60°/s), respectively. These results show that the ECF liquid rate gyroscope could possibly become the next generation standard of micro gyroscopes.
Exact Expressions for the Total Radiated Power, Radiation Resistance, and Directivity of an Arbitrary Size Uniform Current Elliptical Loop Antenna (2020)

This communication presents complete derivations of exact analytical expressions for the total radiated power, radiation resistance, and directivity corresponding to an elliptical loop antenna of arbitrary size with a uniform current distribution. Known results for the important special case of the far-zone electric fields radiated by an arbitrary size uniform current elliptical loop antenna serve as a starting point in the development. These field expressions are then utilized to derive an advantageous form of an exact expansion for the total radiated power and associated radiation resistance. This derivation is carried out in an elegant and complete manner by invoking properties of generalized hypergeometric functions as well as gamma and beta functions. Finally, a convenient expansion is presented that can be used to obtain a series of useful approximations for the directivity by including an appropriate number of higher-order terms, e.g., which are valid for loops of increasing size.
DeepSleep: IEEE 802.11 enhancement for energy-harvesting Machine-to-Machine communications (2012)

As future M2M (Machine-to-Machine) communications aim at supporting wireless networks which feature long range, long operating duration and large device number, the IEEE 802.11ah Task Group is going to specify a global WLAN standard that utilizes carrier frequencies below 1GHz. To power the M2M devices, harvesting energy from ambient environment has attracted attentions from researchers. Although applying the IEEE 802.11 PSM (Power-Saving Mode) scheme reduces energy consumption, devices go to sleep only when the traffic buffer is empty, staying awake unnecessarily, which wastes energy in overhearing the uplink traffic transmitted to the AP. In this paper, we propose DeepSleep, a novel energy-aware scheme, which grants higher channel access priority for low energy level devices dynamically. Moreover, applying DeepSleep scheme alleviates the channel congestion by randomly deferring the wake up time of the devices, thereby achieving higher energy-efficiency, which saves nearly 75 % of energy per delivered packet. Additionally, the overall performance improvement when DeepSleep devices co-exist with 802.11 devices is also verified.