gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Urotensin Receptor Antagonist Palosuran in Hypertensive Patients With Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy (2010)

The urotensin system has been hypothesized to play an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 2-period crossover study, the effects of the urotensin receptor antagonist palosuran on urinary albumin excretion and blood pressure in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy treated with a single blocker of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system were assessed. Patients with 24-hour albuminuria >0.5 and <3.0 g, systolic blood pressure >135 and <170 mm Hg, and/or diastolic blood pressure >85 and <110 mm Hg received both palosuran 125 mg BID and placebo for 4 weeks each. Fifty-four patients (20% women; mean age: 61.6 years, blood pressure: 155/84 mm Hg, and albuminuria: 1016 mg per 24 hours) were included in the per-protocol analysis. Palosuran did not affect albuminuria, blood pressure, glomerular filtration rate, or renal plasma flow significantly. These results question whether urotensin receptor antagonism represents a new treatment strategy in this high-risk patient population.
High-Throughput SISCAPA Quantitation of Peptides from Human Plasma Digests by Ultrafast, Liquid Chromatography-Free Mass Spectrometry (2012)

We investigated the utility of an SPE-MS/MS platform in combination with a modified SISCAPA workflow for chromatography-free MRM analysis of proteotypic peptides in digested human plasma. This combination of SISCAPA and SPE-MS/MS technology allows sensitive, MRM-based quantification of peptides from plasma digests with a sample cycle time of ∼7 s, a 300-fold improvement over typical MRM analyses with analysis times of 30-40 min that use liquid chromatography upstream of MS. The optimized system includes capture and enrichment to near purity of target proteotypic peptides using rigorously selected, high affinity, antipeptide monoclonal antibodies and reduction of background peptides using a novel treatment of magnetic bead immunoadsorbents. Using this method, we have successfully quantitated LPS-binding protein and mesothelin (concentrations of ∼5000 ng/mL and ∼10 ng/mL, respectively) in human plasma. The method eliminates the need for upstream liquid-chromatography and can be multiplexed, thus facilitating quantitative analysis of proteins, including biomarkers, in large sample sets. The method is ideal for high-throughput biomarker validation after affinity enrichment and has the potential for applications in clinical laboratories.
Dynamic response tests of inertial and optical wind-tunnel model attitude measurement devices (1995)

Results are presented for an experimental study of the response of inertial and optical wind-tunnel model attitude measurement systems in a wind-off simulated dynamic environment. This study is part of an ongoing activity at the NASA Langley Research Center to develop high accuracy, advanced model attitude measurement systems that can be used in a dynamic wind-tunnel environment. This activity was prompted by the inertial model attitude sensor response observed during high levels of model vibration which results in a model attitude measurement bias error. Significant bias errors in model attitude measurement were found for the measurement using the inertial device during wind-off dynamic testing of a model system. The amount of bias present during wind-tunnel tests will depend on the amplitudes of the model dynamic response and the modal characteristics of the model system. Correction models are presented that predict the vibration-induced bias errors to a high degree of accuracy for the vibration modes characterized in the simulated dynamic environment. The optical system results were uncorrupted by model vibration in the laboratory setup.
Photobiomodulation in human muscle tissue: an advantage in sports performance? (2016)

Photobiomodulation (PBM) describes the use of red or near-infrared (NIR) light to stimulate, heal, and regenerate damaged tissue. Both preconditioning (light delivered to muscles before exercise) and PBM applied after exercise can increase sports performance in athletes. This review covers the effects of PBM on human muscle tissue in clinical trials in volunteers related to sports performance and in athletes. The parameters used were categorized into those with positive effects or no effects on muscle performance and recovery. Randomized controlled trials and case-control studies in both healthy trained and untrained participants, and elite athletes were retrieved from MEDLINE up to 2016. Performance metrics included fatigue, number of repetitions, torque, hypertrophy; measures of muscle damage and recovery such as creatine kinase and delayed onset muscle soreness. Searches retrieved 533 studies, of which 46 were included in the review (n = 1045 participants). Studies used single laser probes, cluster of laser diodes, LED clusters, mixed clusters (lasers and LEDs), and flexible LED arrays. Both red, NIR, and red/NIR mixtures were used. PBM can increase muscle mass gained after training, and decrease inflammation and oxidative stress in muscle biopsies. We raise the question of whether PBM should be permitted in athletic competition by international regulatory authorities.
A low energy positron flux generator for microstructural characterization of thin polymer films (1994)

A low energy positron flux generator using well‐annealed polycrystalline moderators and a Na22 positron source has been developed for microstructural characterization of thin polymer films. A 200 μc Na22 source, deposited on a thin (2.54 μm) aluminized mylar film, is sandwiched between two 0.0127 cm×2.54 cm×2.54 cm tungsten strips. Two identical test polymer films, whose thicknesses may range from 0.001 to 0.01 cm, insulate the two tungsten moderator strips from the aluminized source film. A potential difference of 10–100 volts, depending on the test film thickness, is applied between the tungsten strips and the aluminized source film. Thermalized positrons diffusing out of the moderator strips are attracted to, or repelled from, the source foil depending on the polarity of the potential difference between the moderator strips and the source foil. Thus, more positrons are expected to stop/annihilate in the test films when the source is at a negative potential than when it is at a positive potential. The difference in positron lifetime spectra with the source at ∓(V) volts with respect to the moderator is entirely due to the positrons annihilating in the test films. Two examples showing the usefulness of the new device for monitoring the morphology of thin polymer films are presented.
Intratumoral Payload Concentration Correlates with the Activity of Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2018)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have become important scaffolds for targeted cancer therapies. However, ADC exposure-response correlation is not well characterized. We demonstrated that intratumor payload exposures correlated well with the corresponding efficacies of several disulfide-linked ADCs, bearing an DNA alkylating agent, pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine-dimer (PBD), in HER2-expressing xenograft models. The correlation suggests that a threshold concentration of intratumor payload is required to support sustained efficacy and an ADC can deliver an excessive level of payload to tumors that does not enhance efficacy ("Plateau" effect). In contrast to tumor PBD concentrations, related assessments of systemic exposures, plasma stability, and drug-to-antibody ratio changes of related ADCs did not consistently rationalize the observed ADC efficacies. A minimal efficacious dose could be determined by ADC dose-fractionation studies in the xenograft models. Mechanistic investigations revealed that both linker immolation and linker disulfide stability are the key factors that determine intratumor PBD concentrations. Overall, this study demonstrates how a linker design can impact ADC efficacy and that the intratumor exposure of a payload drug as the molecular mechanism quantitatively correlate with and predict the antitumor efficacy of ADCs. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 17(3); 677-85. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Display Modes for CT Colonography (1999)

The sensitivity of panoramic endoscopy is higher than that of virtual endoscopy, because the former displays more of the colonic surface. Higher sensitivities for three-dimensional displays may justify the additional computation and review time.
Laser wire for crossing chronic total occlusions: “Learning phase” results from the U.S. TOTAL trial (1998)

The Prima laser guidewire system (Spectranectics Corp., Colorado Springs, CO) consists of an 0.018" hypotube containing a bundle of 45-microm optical fibers coupled to a pulsed excimer laser operating at a tip fluence of 60 ml/mm2 and a repetition rate ranging from 25-40 Hz. This laser guidewire was specifically designed to cross total occlusions refractory to passage with conventional wires. The Prima wire was evaluated in a feasibility study at 15 U.S. centers. Following failure to cross a total occlusion with approved guidewires, the Prima wire was utilized in 179 patients. Average age of subjects was 61 yr. Lesion locations included left anterior descending (36%), right (45%), and circumflex (19%) coronary arteries. Mean angiographic age of total occlusions was 70 wk (range, 2-1,020 wk, median, 14 wk). The use of the Prima wire either solely or in combination with conventional guidewires resulted in successful crossing in 61% of these previously impenetrable occlusions. Failure of the device was commonly related to length of the occlusion and tortuosity along the occluded pathway. Major complications included myocardial infarction in 7 patients (3.9%), tamponade in 3 (1.7%), and death in 2 (1.1%). This "learning phase" pilot study confirmed the feasibility of a laser guidewire in chronic total occlusions that are resistant to passage of conventional guidewires. An extended registry at these investigative sites is planned.
The emergence of networks in human genome epidemiology: challenges and opportunities (2009)

The Human Genome Epidemiology Network (HuGENet) recently launched a global network of consortia working on human genome epidemiology. This Network of Investigator Networks aims to create a resource to share information, offer methodologic support, generate inclusive overviews of studies conducted in specific fields, and to facilitate rapid confirmation of findings. In October 2005, HuGENet brought together representatives from established and emerging networks in order to share their experiences at a workshop in Cambridge, United Kingdom. In advance of the meeting, a qualitative questionnaire was distributed to workshop participants. The questionnaire elicited information on experiences and practices in building and maintaining consortia. This chapter reports on the numerous challenges and their possible solutions as identified by the workshop participants, as well as new opportunities offered by the network approach to genetic and genomic epidemiology. © Oxford University Press, 2014.
Molecular characterization of larval development from fertilization to metamorphosis in a reef-building coral (2018)

These results gives insight into the molecular complexity underlying these transitions and reveals receptors and pathways that, if altered by changing environments, could affect dispersal capabilities of reef-building corals. In addition, this dataset provides a toolkit for asking broad questions about sensory capacity in multicellular animals and the evolution of development.
Towards Optimal Cooperative Beamforming in Millimeter Wave Systems via Directional Transmissions (2022)

Deployments of millimeter wave systems suffer from increased propagation and blockage losses that lead to a focus on small cell coverage. With an increased densification of such systems, cooperative transmissions are possible at a user equipment (UE) from multiple transmission reception points (TRPs) and with repeater nodes (e.g., relay UEs, intelligent reflecting surfaces, reflectarrays) in the vicinity of a certain UE. In this context, this work proposes and studies the performance of a class of directional beam steering and co-phasing schemes that leverage the existing set of beam steering solutions for point-to-point transmissions. To benchmark the performance of the proposed schemes, an unrealizable upper bound to the SNR is first established. We then quantify the SNR gap between the proposed directional schemes and the unrealizable upper bound via theory and numerical studies and show that the proposed solutions are of low complexity and comparable performance to the unrealizable upper bound.
Reduced space-time and time costs Ising dislocation codes and arbitrary ancillas (2015)

We propose two distinct methods of improving quantum computing protocols based on surface codes. First, we analyze the use of dislocations instead of holes to produce logical qubits, potentially reducing spacetime volume required. Dislocations\cite{dis2,dis} induce defects which, in many respects, behave like Majorana quasi-particles. We construct circuits to implement these codes and present fault-tolerant measurement methods for these and other defects which may reduce spatial overhead. One advantage of these codes is that Hadamard gates take exactly $0$ time to implement. We numerically study the performance of these codes using a minimum weight and a greedy decoder using finite-size scaling. Second, we consider state injection of arbitrary ancillas to produce arbitrary rotations. This avoids the logarithmic (in precision) overhead in online cost required if $T$ gates are used to synthesize arbitrary rotations. While this has been considered before\cite{ancilla}, we consider also the parallel performance of this protocol. Arbitrary ancilla injection leads to a probabilistic protocol in which there is a constant chance of success on each round; we use an amortized analysis to show that even in a parallel setting this leads to only a constant factor slowdown as opposed to the logarithmic slowdown that might be expected naively.
Kinetic Dispersion in Redox-Active Dithiocarbamate Monolayers (2009)

Dithiocarbamates (dtcs) have been implicated as important gold-binding groups in molecular electronics. Dtcs have two alkane branches connected at a single anchoring point that has a bidentate resonance structure. Forming readily in situ by the combination of secondary amines and CS(2), dtcs adsorb quickly onto gold surfaces. Electroactive self-assembled monolayers (eSAMs) were prepared by the coadsorption of ferrocene dialkyldithiocarbamates (Fc dtcs) with diluent dtcs on gold electrodes. Short and long alkane chains were used (11 and 16 methylene groups, respectively), and a polar ester group was incorporated. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) shows that the electrochemistry is quasi-reversible. At high surface coverage, the peak separations and full widths at half-maximum for Fc dtcs deviate from theoretical values and are analogous to that of ferrocene alkane thiols on gold at high surface coverage. Importantly, these features do not change at low Fc dtc surface coverage as observed for ferrocene alkane thiols. Ferrocene dtcs were used to label monolayer defect sites and to demonstrate the exchange of surface-bound dtcs with solution dtcs. Finally, the rate of electron transfer was analyzed using Tafel plots and ac voltammetric methods. The results for both techniques are consistent with a kinetically disperse population of redox sites. The length of the diluent alkane chain appears to have an effect on the distribution of electron-transfer rates, likely because of the eSAM structure. This work indicates that structurally, Fc dtc eSAMs are fundamentally different from alkane thiol SAMs on gold.
Interaction Distance (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Total synthesis of colneleic acid (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of colneleic acidE. J. Corey and Stephen W. WrightCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 5, 1670–1673Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00292a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00292a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views761Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gait measurements in the transverse plane using a wearable system: An experimental study of test-retest reliability (2017)

3D gait analysis comprises the study of kinematics in the sagittal, coronal, and transverse planes. The transverse plane measurements are usually less used and generally show the lowest reliability. Nevertheless, the knee and ankle joint center trajectories, in the transverse plane, provide new parameters that may be important in clinical gait analysis. The aim of this study is to analyze the test-retest variability of these parameters. Gait measurements were performed using H-Gait, a wearable system based on magnetic and inertial sensors. A normal weight and an overweight subject were recruited and were asked to walk at their preferred speed for 6 trials. For both of them, the angle between the right and left knee and ankle joint center trajectories were analyzed. Overall, results showed a standard deviation across trials always lower than 2°. This small standard deviation was found also in the overweight subject, for whom it is usually challenging to obtain reliable gait measurements. In addition, a greater knee angle between the right and left joint center trajectories was found in the overweight subject compared to the normal weight. The promising results of this study suggest that the new parameters introduced might be suitable to assess gait of subjects with different anthropometric characteristics.
Collaborative Energy and Thermal Comfort Management Through Distributed Consensus Algorithms (2015)

Buildings with shared spaces such as corporate office buildings, university dorms, etc., are occupied by multiple occupants who typically have different temperature preferences. Attaining a common temperature set-point that is agreeable to all users (occupants) in such a multi-occupant space is a challenging problem. Furthermore, the ideal temperature set-point should optimally trade off the building energy cost with the aggregate discomfort of all the occupants. However, the information on the comfort range (function) is held privately by each occupant. Using occupant-differentiated dynamically-adjusted penalty factor as feedback signals, we propose a distributed solution which ensures that a consensus is attained among all occupants upon convergence, irrespective of their ideal temperature preferences being in coherence or conflicting. Occupants are only assumed to be rational, in that they choose their own temperature set-points so as to minimize their individual energy cost plus discomfort. We establish the convergence of the proposed algorithm to the optimal temperature set-point vector that minimizes the sum of the energy cost and the aggregate discomfort of all occupants in a multizone building. Simulations with realistic parameter settings illustrate validation of our theoretical claims and provide insights on the dynamics of the system with a mobile user population.
Expanding the scope of biogenic substrates for the selective production of formic acid from water-insoluble and wet waste biomass (2015)

The selective oxidation of complex, water-insoluble and wet biomass from second and third generation to formic acid including effective catalyst recycling is reported. Additionally, the relevance and limits of potential contaminants are illustrated by different experimental approaches.
Atomic Physics Processes Important to the Understanding of the Scrape-Off Layer of Tokamaks (2002)

The region between the well‐confined plasma and the vessel walls of a magnetic confinement fusion research device, the scrape‐off layer (SOL), is typically rich in atomic and molecular physics processes. The most advanced magnetic confinement device, the magnetically diverted tokamak, uses a magnetic separatrix to isolate the confinement zone (closed flux surfaces) from the edge plasma (open field lines). Over most of their length the open field lines run parallel to the separatrix, forming a thin magnetic barrier with the nearby vessel walls. In a poloidally‐localized region, the open field lines are directed away from the separatrix and into the divertor, a region spatially separated from the separatrix where intense plasma wall interaction can occur relatively safely. Recent data from several tokamaks indicate that particle transport across the field lines of the SOL can be somewhat faster than previously thought. In these cases, the rate at which particles reach the vessel wall is comparable to the rate to the divertor from parallel transport. The SOL can be thin enough that the recycling neutrals and sputtered impurities from the wall may refuel or contaminate the confinement zone more efficiently than divertor plasma wall interaction. Just inside the SOL is a confinement barrier that produces a sharp pedestal in plasma density and temperature. Understanding neutral transport through the SOL and into the pedestal is key to understanding particle balance and particle and impurity exhaust. The SOL plasma is sufficiently hot and dense to excite and ionize neutrals. Ion and neutral temperatures are high enough that charge exchange between the neutrals and fuel and impurity ions is fast. Excitation of neutrals can be fast enough to lead to nonlinear behavior in charge exchange and ionization processes. In this paper the detailed atomic physics important to the understanding of the neutral transport through the SOL will be discussed.