gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential applications of dendritic cells (2007)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the professional antigen‐presenting cells of the immune system. Following infection or inflammation they undergo a complex process of maturation, and migrate to lymph nodes where they present antigens to T cells. Their decisive role in inducing immunity formed the rationale for DC immunotherapy: DCs loaded with tumor antigens are injected into cancer patients to stimulate T cells to eradicate tumors. Effective immune responses and favourable clinical outcomes have indeed been observed, but only in a minority of patients. For effective immunotherapy DCs need to traffic throughout the vascular and lymphatic system to reach the T‐cells located within lymph nodes. Though most immunotherapeutic agents are administered intravenously, DCs are predominantly administered intradermally. We observed that &lt; 5% of intradermally administered mature DCs reach the draining lymph nodes amounting to inefficient homing. Despite this low number we could measure effective immune responses in some patients, but generally this may be too low. We demonstrated that DC maturation is a prerequisite to exert their immunostimulatory capacity in vivo. Immuno‐monitoring revealed a remarkable difference in immune responses. In patients vaccinated with immature DC the KLH responses as well as DTH reactivity against KLH and tumor‐peptides were weak and absent, respectively. In contrast, in patients vaccinated with mature DC a pronounced T cell as well a B cell response (IgG) against KLH were observed. Analysis of the response against the tumor peptides demonstrated little or no reactivity in blood. However, following intradermal administration of a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) challenge with gp100‐ and tyrosinase‐peptide loaded DC essentially all patients vaccinated with mature DC showed a positive induration. Moreover, we showed the predictive value of the presence or absence of antigen‐specific T cells in biopsies from DTH sites. In clinically responding patients, T cells specific for the antigen preferentially accumulated in the DTH site in accordance with the applied antigen in the DTH challenge.
Bonding Abilities of Pressure-assisted Sintered Copper for Die-Bonding of Large Chips (2020)

This paper describes sintering properties and bonding abilities of mechanical pressure-assisted sintered copper (pressure-sintered Cu) in N2 atmosphere for power devices with large chips. The pressure-sintered Cu showed equal or improved sintering and bonding properties compared with pressureless-sintered Cu and pressure-sintered silver (Ag). The bonding abilities of pressure-sintered Cu on two different Ag plating (Ti/Ni/Ag, Ti/Ni/Au/Ag) were also investigated. The Cu pressure-sintered at 2 MPa and 300°C for 5 min was successfully bonded to 10 × 10 mm2 chips with Ti/Ni/Ag. Thus, pressure-sintered Cu has a potential as a reliable die-bonding material for power devices with large chips.
Service-lines as major contributor to water quality deterioration at customer ends (2023)

Biofilm detachment contributes to water quality deterioration. However, the contributions of biofilm detachment from different pipes have not been quantified or compared. Following the introduction of partial reverse osmosis (RO) in drinking water production, this study analyzed particles at customers' ends and tracked their origins to water distribution mains and service lines. For doing so, filter bags were installed in front of water meters to capture upstream detached particles, while biofilm from water main and service line were sampled by cutting pipe specimens. The results showed that elemental concentrations of the biofilm in mains were higher than those of service lines (54.3-268.5 vs. 27.1-44.4 μg/cm<sup>2</sup>), both dominated by Ca. Differently, filter bags were dominated by Fe/Mn (77.5-98.1%). After introducing RO, Ca significantly decreased in biofilms of mains but not service lines, but the released Fe/Mn rather than Ca arrived at customers' ends. The ATP concentrations of service lines were higher than mains, which decreased on mains but increased in service lines after introducing RO. For the core ASVs, 13/24 were shared by service lines (17), mains (21), and filter bags (17), which were assigned mainly to Nitrospira spp., Methylomagnum spp., Methylocytis spp., and IheB2-23 spp. According to source tracking results, service lines contributed more than mains to the particulate material collected by filter bags (57.6 ± 13.2% vs. 13.0 ± 11.6%). To the best of our knowledge, the present study provides the first evidence of service lines' direct and quantitative contributions to potential water quality deterioration at customers' ends. This highlights the need for the appropriate management of long-neglected service line pipes, e.g., regarding material selection, length optimization, and proper regulation.
Spirulina platensis Inclusion Reverses Circulating Pro-inflammatory (Chemo)cytokine Profiles in Broilers Fed Low-Protein Diets (2021)

Proteins are considered the most expensive nutrients in commercial modern broiler production, and their dietary inclusion at low levels is pivotal to minimize feed costs and reduce nitrogen waste. The quest for an environmentally friendly source of proteins that favor the formulation of low protein diets without compromising broiler health, welfare, and growth performance has become a hotspot in nutrition research. Due to its high protein content, the naturally growing Spirulina microalgae is considered a promising nutrient source. The purpose of the present study was, therefore, to determine the effects of Spirulina supplementation on liver bacterial translocation, hematological profile, and circulating inflammatory and redox markers in broilers fed a low-protein diet. One-day-old Ross 708 male broilers ( n = 180) were randomly assigned into one of three experimental treatments: standard diet as a control, low protein diet, and low protein diet supplemented with 100 g/kg of Spirulina . Target molecular markers were measured in the peripheral blood circulation using real-time quantitative PCR. Reducing dietary proteins increased bacterial translocation and systemic inflammation as indicated by proportions of basophils among blood leukocytes. The expression levels of circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6, IL-4, IL-18, and tumor necrosis factor-α], chemokines (CCL-20), and NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome were significantly upregulated in birds fed the low protein diet compared with the control. The inclusion of Spirulina reversed these effects, which indicates that Spirulina reduces systemic inflammation- and bacterial translocation-induced by a low protein diet and could be a promising alternative protein source in poultry diets.
Peptide Mimic of Phosphorylcholine, a Dominant Epitope Found onStreptococcus pneumoniae (2000)

Even in the age of antibiotics, Streptococcus pneumoniae causes significant morbidity, especially in the young, the elderly, and the immunocompromised. While a carbohydrate-based vaccine exists, it is poorly immunogenic in the at-risk populations. In mice, antibodies directed against phosphorylcholine (PC), an epitope present on the cell wall C polysaccharide of all pneumococcal serotypes, protect against infection. However, PC itself is a poor vaccine candidate. We report here peptide mimics of PC based on the anti-idiotypic interaction of T15 anti-PC antibodies. T15 antibodies, the dominant and protective idiotype induced in mice by PC immunization, self-associate via a 24-amino-acid region in the PC binding site (ASRNKANDYTTEYSASVKGRFIVS; peptide 1). Peptide 1 has been shown to bind in the PC binding site. We demonstrated that amino acid sequences derived from peptide 1 starting at amino acid 9, 11, or 13 inhibit PC binding. Therefore, we immunized mice with bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugates of peptide 1 or either of two selected 12-mers. The 12-mer peptides were not immunogenic. Mice immunized with peptide 1-BSA developed an anti-PC response consisting mainly immunoglobulin G1 and expressed the T15 heavy chain. Nonetheless, neither BALB/c nor CBA/N mice were protected from lethal pneumococcal infections by immunization with peptide 1-BSA. Preliminary data suggest that peptide 1-BSA is not able to elicit the canonical T15 light chain, explaining the absence of protection. This idiotype-derived mimotope of PC is a useful tool for understanding immunologic cross-reactivity and learning to design T-cell-dependent vaccines for S. pneumoniae.
Broadband Tuning of a Femtosecond Neodymium Fiber Laser (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. H. Ober, M. Hofer, R. Hofer, G. A. Reider, G. D. Sucha, M. E. Fermann, D. Harter, C. A. C. Mendonca, and T. H. Chiu, "Broadband Tuning of a Femtosecond Neodymium Fiber Laser," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, S. Payne and C. Pollack, eds., Vol. 1 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1996), paper PL12. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A diode laser chemical sensor utilizing an oxidized lower cladding layer for high sensitivity (2005)

We demonstrate a chemical sensor incorporating a self-aligned, symmetrically-clad high index contrast evanescent field sensing waveguide. Analyte overlap of 4.8% is obtained with a tightly confined mode, ideal for sensitive affinity assays.
Neutron imaging integrated circuit and method for detecting neutrons (2023)

The present disclosure provides a neutron imaging detector and a method for detecting neutrons. In one example, a method includes providing a neutron imaging detector including plurality of memory cells and a conversion layer on the memory cells, setting one or more of the memory cells to a first charge state, positioning the neutron imaging detector in a neutron environment for a predetermined time period, and reading a state change at one of the memory cells, and measuring a charge state change at one of the plurality of memory cells from the first charge state to a second charge state less than the first charge state, where the charge state change indicates detection of neutrons at said one of the memory cells.
ChemInform Abstract: The Expanded Genetic Alphabet (2015)

Abstract Review: 199 refs.
Parallel fault-tolerant programming of an arbitrary feedforward photonic\n network (2019)

Reconfigurable photonic mesh networks of tunable beamsplitter nodes can\nlinearly transform $N$-dimensional vectors representing input modal amplitudes\nof light for applications such as energy-efficient machine learning hardware,\nquantum information processing, and mode demultiplexing. Such photonic meshes\nare typically programmed and/or calibrated by tuning or characterizing each\nbeam splitter one-by-one, which can be time-consuming and can limit scaling to\nlarger meshes. Here we introduce a graph-topological approach that defines the\ngeneral class of feedforward networks commonly used in such applications and\nidentifies columns of non-interacting nodes that can be adjusted\nsimultaneously. By virtue of this approach, we can calculate the necessary\ninput vectors to program entire columns of nodes in parallel by simultaneously\nnullifying the power in one output of each node via optoelectronic feedback\nonto adjustable phase shifters or couplers. This parallel nullification\napproach is fault-tolerant to fabrication errors, requiring no prior knowledge\nor calibration of the node parameters, and can reduce the programming time by a\nfactor of order $N$ to being proportional to the optical depth (or number of\nnode columns in the device). As a demonstration, we simulate our programming\nprotocol on a feedforward optical neural network model trained to classify\nhandwritten digit images from the MNIST dataset with up to 98% validation\naccuracy.\n
Genomic and Metabolomic Advances in the Identification of Disease and Adverse Event Biomarkers (2009)

Incomplete knowledge of tissue pathogenesis is hampering the identification of biomarkers for the appropriate therapeutic targets to prevent or inhibit disease processes, and the prediction and diagnosis of injury due to disease and adverse events of drug therapy. The revolution in genomics and metabolomics, combined with advanced bioinformatics and computational methods for mining such large, complex data sets, are beginning to provide critical insights into tissue injury. Such results will move us closer to the promise of personalized medicine.
The synaptotagmin C2B domain calcium-binding loops modulate the rate of fusion pore expansion (2018)

In chromaffin cells, the kinetics of fusion pore expansion vary depending on which synaptotagmin isoform (Syt-1 or Syt-7) drives release. Our recent studies have shown that fusion pores of granules harboring Syt-1 expand more rapidly than those harboring Syt-7. Here we sought to define the structural specificity of synaptotagmin action at the fusion pore by manipulating the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-binding C2B module. We generated a chimeric Syt-1 in which its C2B Ca<sup>2+</sup>-binding loops had been exchanged for those of Syt-7. Fusion pores of granules harboring a Syt-1 C2B chimera with all three Ca<sup>2+</sup>-binding loops of Syt-7 (Syt-1:7C2B<sub>123</sub>) exhibited slower rates of fusion pore expansion and neuropeptide cargo release relative to WT Syt-1. After fusion, this chimera also dispersed more slowly from fusion sites than WT protein. We speculate that the Syt-1:7 C2B<sub>123</sub> and WT Syt-1 are likely to differ in their interactions with Ca<sup>2+</sup> and membranes. Subsequent in vitro and in silico data demonstrated that the chimera exhibits a higher affinity for phospholipids than WT Syt-1. We conclude that the affinity of synaptotagmin for the plasma membrane, and the rate at which it releases the membrane, contribute in important ways to the rate of fusion pore expansion.
Prognostic models to predict complete resolution of hypertension after adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2023)

Complete resolution of hypertension (CRH) after adrenalectomy for primary aldosteronism is far from a certainty. Although several prognostic models have been proposed to predict outcome after adrenalectomy, studies have not clarified which of the available models can be used reliably in clinical practice. To identify, describe and appraise all prognostic models developed to predict CRH, and meta-analyse their predictive performances. We searched MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science for development and validation studies of prognostic models. After selection, we extracted descriptive statistics and aggregated area under the receiver operator curve (AUC) using meta-analysis. From 25 eligible studies, we identified 12 prognostic models used for predicting CRH after total adrenalectomy in primary aldosteronism. We report the results for 3 models that had available data from at least 3 external validation studies: the primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) score (AUC: 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74-0.86; 95% predictive interval [PI]: 0.04-1.00), Utsumi nomogram (AUC: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.72-0.85; 95% PI: 0.03-1.00) and the aldosteronoma resolution score (ARS) model (AUC: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.74-0.80; 95% PI: 0.59-0.86 for all studies and AUC: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.75-0.85; 95% PI: 0.57-0.93 for the studies with the same adrenal vein sampling-guided adrenalectomy rate compared to the models meta-analysed). The PASO score, Utsumi nomogram and ARS model showed comparable discrimination performance to predict CRH in primary aldosteronism. Unlike the ARS model, the number of external validation studies for the PASO score and the Utsumi nomogram was relatively low to draw definite conclusions.
Figure S3 from Single and Dual Targeting of Mutant EGFR with an Allosteric Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The relative allelic fraction of T790M does not change the potency of JBJ-04-125-02 in H3255 cells but the presence of EGF blunts the efficacy of JBJ-04-125-02 in Ba/F3 and H1975 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Encrypted Key Transport for DTLS and Secure RTP (2021)

Encrypted Key Transport (EKT) is an extension to DTLS (Datagram
Transport Layer Security) and Secure Real-time Transport Protocol
(SRTP) that provides for the secure transport of SRTP master keys,
rollover counters, and other information within SRTP. This facility
enables SRTP for decentralized conferences by distributing a common
key to all of the conference endpoints.
Negative Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Long lasting phosphorescence properties of Tb-activated reduced calcium aluminate glasses (1998)

A long lasting green phosphorescence was found in -doped calcium aluminate glasses prepared under a strongly reducing atmosphere. An electron-trapped centre giving an EPR signal at g = 1.999, an analogue of the centre in CaO, was induced by illumination with ultraviolet (uv) radiation and decayed slowly after the illumination was stopped. A partial oxidation of ions to ions by uv illumination was observed. A mechanism of the long lasting phosphorescence was suggested to consist of recombination of an electron released thermally from the -like centre with the photo-oxidized .
Another Look at Generic Groups. (2006)

(Communicated by Andreas Stein) Abstract. Starting with Shoup’s seminal paper [24], the generic group model has been an important tool in reductionist security arguments. After an informal explanation of this model and Shoup’s theorem, we discuss the danger of flaws in proofs. We next describe an ontological difference between the generic group assumption and the random oracle model for hash functions. We then examine some criticisms that have been leveled at the generic group model and raise some questions of our own. 1.
Synthesis of 2-Pyridylpyridines via Aza-Diels–Alder Reactions between 3-Pyridyl-1,2,4-triazines and Some Vinyl Alkanoates (2005)

Abstract New synthetic procedure for 2,ω-bipyridines involving aza-Diels–Alder reaction between 3-(ω-pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazine and vinyl octanoate or decanoate as a dienophile is described.
Model Polymer Thin Films To Measure Structure and Dynamics of Confined, Swollen Networks (2018)

In this chapter, we discuss applying X-ray reflectivity to study the structure and dynamics of dense and ultrathin polymer films upon exposure to solvent vapors. These vapor swelling studies permit the measurement of thermodynamic parameters using established mean-field models such as Flory-Huggins, Flory-Rehner, and Painter-Shenoy to understand the elastic contributions to swelling, as well as the polymer solvent interaction parameter of these confined films. This chapter describes the various experimental approaches to leverage mean-field theories towards describing and understanding swelling behavior of thin film networks and brushes, the applications, and their limitations.
Atmospheric Turbulence Characterization with DNN-Enhanced Electro-Optical Sensors (2021)

A deep machine learning signal processing paradigm is applied for prediction of the atmospheric turbulence refractive index structure parameter Cn^2 via DNN-based processing of data received from electro-optical sensors and evaluation of the most prominent turbulence models.
Inverse Scattering Method Design of Regrowth-free Single-mode Semiconductor Lasers for Monolithic Integration (2018)

An inverse scattering method is used to design single moded lasers, using etched depth insensitive pits as perturbations in the laser cavity. We compare 10 pit, 15 pit and 20 pit devices, and report strongly single moded lasers (&gt;40dB).
Pharmacokinetics of Eleven Kratom Alkaloids Following an Oral Dose of Either Traditional or Commercial Kratom Products in Rats (2021)

Kratom, <i>Mitragyna speciosa</i> Korth., is being widely consumed in the United States for pain management and the reduction of opioid withdrawal symptoms. The central nervous system (CNS) active alkaloids of kratom, including mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, and numerous additional compounds, are believed to derive their effects through opioid receptor activity. There is no literature describing the systemic exposure of many of these alkaloids after the consumption of kratom. Therefore, we have developed and validated a bioanalytical method for the simultaneous quantitation of 11 kratom alkaloids (mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, corynantheidine, speciogynine, speciociliatine, paynantheine, corynoxine, corynoxine-B, mitraphylline, ajmalicine, and isospeciofoline) in rat plasma. The validated method was used to analyze oral pharmacokinetic study samples of lyophilized kratom tea (LKT) and a marketed product, OPMS liquid shot, in rats. Among the 11 alkaloids, only mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, speciociliatine, and corynantheidine showed systemic exposure 8 h postdose, and the dose-normalized systemic exposure of these four alkaloids was higher (1.6-2.4-fold) following the administration of the commercial OPMS liquid. Paynantheine and speciogynine levels were quantifiable up to 1 h postdose, whereas none of the other alkaloids were detected. In summary, the method was successfully applied to quantify the exposure of individual kratom alkaloids after an oral dose of traditional or commercial products. This information will contribute to understanding the role of each alkaloid in the overall pharmacology of kratom and elucidating the pharmacokinetic differences between traditional and commercial kratom products.
Neugebauer and Demichel: Dependence and independence inn-screen superpositions for colour printing (2000)

The Neugebauer equations and the Demichel equations on which they are based are one of the basic tools for modeling colour printing systems that use the halftoning technique. However, these equations implicitly assume that the colour ink distributions in the screen superposition are statistically independent. We show that this condition is not satisfied in the conventional screen superposition used for colour printing, and we discuss the consequences of this fact. Furthermore, we give a precise criterion that determines, for any number of superposed regular screens, in which cases the Demichel (and hence the Neugebauer) equations are satisfied, and in which cases they fail: The Demichel equations fail in all cases where the screen superposition is singular, and they are satisfied in all nonsingular screen superpositions. We illustrate our results with several examples of both cases. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 25, 267–277, 2000
INL Site Conditions and Properties (2015)

This report provides a high-level review of potential technical, commercial, and natural components likely to influence the planning, preparing, and positioning for the future by investing in the build-out of energy systems at Idaho National Laboratory.