gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4723: Macrophages foster neoplastic progression of malignant mesothelioma and limit response to chemotherapy. (2013)

Abstract We, and others, have previously reported that macrophages infiltrating mammary adenocarcinomas foster late-stage cancer progression1-3, and that targeted therapies diminishing macrophage presence in tumors, and improve response to standard chemotherapy (CTX) resulting in slowed primary tumor growth, reduced pulmonary metastasis and increased overall survival (OS) of tumor-bearing mice4,5. These experimental studies correlate with clinical findings indicating that high densities of CD68+ myeloid cells correlate with reduced OS in patients with breast cancer6. Malignant mesotheliomas (MM), a rare cancer that can develop as a result of prior asbestos exposure, is highly resistant to conventional cytotoxic therapy7, and in the pleural space is associated with significant densities of macrophages that also correlate with decreased OS8. To investigate a functional role for macrophages in fostering neoplastic progression of MM, and/or in limiting response to CTX, we investigated the efficacy of several antagonists targeting the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1)/CSF-1 receptor (CSF1-R) CSF-1R signaling cascade to reveal the functional significance of macrophages in MM, and to determine if this class of agents exhibited efficacy as monotherapy, or in combination with CTX, to improve OS of tumor-bearing mice. Using a syngeneic orthotopic mouse model for MM, our results indicate that reducing the presence of macrophages in MM significantly slows early, as well as late-stage MM growth, and improves response to standard-of-care CTX. These experimental findings indicate a protumoral role for macrophages in MM, and support clinical investigation of targeted therapies, in combination with CTX, for treatment of patients with MM. 1. Lin et al., J Exp Med 193, 727-740 (2001). 2. DeNardo et al., Cancer Cell 16, 91-102 (2009). 3. Gocheva et al., Genes Dev 24, 241-255 (2010). 4. DeNardo et al., Cancer Discov 1, 54-67 (2011). 5. Shree et al., Genes and Development in press(2011). 6. Campbell et al., Breast Cancer Res Treat 128, 703-711 (2011). 7. Sugarbaker et al., Expert Rev Respir Med 4, 363-372 (2010). 8. Burt et al., Cancer 117, 5234-5244 (2011). The authors acknowledge generous support from the NIH/NCI, Dept of Defense (DoD) Era of Hope Scholar Award Expansion Award, Susan G. Komen Fndt, Breast Cancer Research Fndt, and an Investigator-Initiated Research Award in Mesothelioma from the DoD. Citation Format: Collin Blakely, Tina Bose, Melissa Wheeler, Raphael Bueno, David Sugarbaker, David Jablons, V. Courtney Broaddus, Lisa Coussens. Macrophages foster neoplastic progression of malignant mesothelioma and limit response to chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4723. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4723
Miniature Oxidizer Ionizer for a Fuel Cell (2006)

A proposed miniature device for ionizing the oxygen (or other oxidizing gas) in a fuel cell would consist mostly of a membrane ionizer using the same principles as those of the device described in the earlier article, Miniature Bipolar Electrostatic Ion Thruster (NPO-21057). The oxidizing gas would be completely ionized upon passage through the holes in the membrane ionizer. The resulting positively charged atoms or molecules of oxidizing gas could then, under the influence of the fringe fields of the ionizer, move toward the fuel-cell cathode that would be part of a membrane/electrode assembly comprising the cathode, a solid-electrolyte membrane, and an anode. The electro-oxidized state of the oxidizer atoms and molecules would enhance transfer of them through the cathode, thereby reducing the partial pressure of the oxidizer gas between the ionizer and the fuel-cell cathode, thereby, in turn, causing further inflow of oxidizer gas through the holes in the membrane ionizer. Optionally the ionizer could be maintained at a positive electric potential with respect to the cathode, in which case the resulting electric field would accelerate the ions toward the cathode.
Liddle's disease: abnormal regulation of amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels by beta-subunit mutation (1996)

Liddle's disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by severe low renin hypertension ("pseudoaldosteronism") that has been genetically linked to a locus on chromosome 16 encoding the beta-subunit of an amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel (ASSC) (15). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) express ASSC that are functionally indistinguishable from those expressed by Na(+)-reabsorbing renal epithelial cells (3, 5). The amiloride-sensitive Na+ conductance in PBL from affected and unaffected individuals from the original Liddle's pedigree was examined using whole cell patch clamp. Typically, the basal Na+ currents in cells from affected individuals were maximally activated. Basal Na+ currents in cells from unaffected individuals were minimal and could be maximally activated by superfusion with 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (CPT-cAMP). Affected cells could not be further stimulated with CPT-cAMP. Superfusion with a supermaximal concentration of amiloride (2 microM) inhibited both the cAMP-activated Na+ conductance in unaffected cells and the constitutively activated inward conductance in affected cells. Cytosolic addition of a peptide identical to the terminal 10 amino acids of the truncated beta-subunit normalized the cAMP-mediated but not the pertussis toxin-induced regulation of the mutant ASSC. The findings show that lymphocyte ASSC are constitutively activated in affected individuals, that a mutation of the beta-subunit alters ASSC responsiveness to specific regulatory effectors, and that the cellular mechanism responsible for the pathophysiology of Liddle's disease is abnormal regulation of Na+ channel activity. These findings have important diagnostic and therapeutic implications and provide a cellular phenotype for the diagnosis of pseudoaldosteronism.
Author Correction: Targeted inhibition of STAT/TET1 axis as a therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia (2018)

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author James C. Mulloy, which was incorrectly given as James Mulloy. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Selective Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Biogenic Carboxylic Acids with [Ru(TriPhos)H]+: A Mechanistic Study (2011)

Selective hydrogenation of biogenic carboxylic acids is an important transformation for biorefinery concepts based on platform chemicals. We herein report a mechanistic study on the homogeneously ruthenium/phosphine catalyzed transformations of levulinic acid (LA) and itaconic acid (IA) to the corresponding lactones, diols, and cyclic ethers. A density functional theory (DFT) study was performed and corroborated with experimental data from catalytic processes and NMR investigations. For [Ru(TriPhos)H](+) as the catalytically active unit, a common mechanistic pathway for the reduction of the C═O functionality in aldehydes, ketones, lactones, and even free carboxylic acids could be identified. Hydride transfer from the Ru-H group to the carbonyl or carboxyl carbon is followed by protonation of the resulting Ru-O unit via σ-bond metathesis from a coordinated dihydrogen molecule. The energetic spans for the reduction of the different functional groups increase in the order aldehyde < ketone < lactone ≈ carboxylic acid. This reactivity pattern as well as the absolute values are in full agreement with experimentally observed activities and selectivities, forming a rational basis for further catalyst development.
Enterocytozoon bieneusiinfection in patients without evidence of immunosuppression: two cases from Zimbabwe found to have positive stools by PCR (2000)

Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often also have intestinal infections with Enterocytozoon bieneusi. Recently, infection with this microsporidian has been described in immunocompetent subjects, mainly from Europe. When the stools of six HIV-negative patients who presented with diarrhoea in Zimbabwe were investigated, using a recently described protocol based on PCR, two patients were found to have E. bieneusi infections. These two individuals presented with a self limited diarrhoea, abdominal cramping and nausea. These data indicate that E. bieneusi may be a more common cause of diarrhoea in Zimbabwe than previously thought. Larger, prospective studies are needed.
Advance care planning in same-sex couples (2018)

Advance care planning (ACP) is a process in which an individual’s goals, desires, and preferences regarding health care during a serious illness or end of life are explored by the clinician through conversations with the patient and their families. ACP is underutilized among same-sex couples. In our case report we describe a same-sex couple who did not have an ACP. The gap in current practice is primarily due to provider discomfort or unfamiliarity in discussing end of life care issues especially in same-sex couples. If not remedied, this could negatively impact the physical and emotional health in this vulnerable population leading to health disparities.
The Palladium-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Chlorides (2010)

The trifluoromethyl group can dramatically influence the properties of organic molecules, thereby increasing their applicability as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, or building blocks for organic materials. Despite the importance of this substituent, no general method exists for its installment onto functionalized aromatic substrates. Current methods either require the use of harsh reaction conditions or suffer from a limited substrate scope. Here we report the palladium-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aryl chlorides under mild conditions, allowing the transformation of a wide range of substrates, including heterocycles, in excellent yields. The process tolerates functional groups such as esters, amides, ethers, acetals, nitriles, and tertiary amines and, therefore, should be applicable to late-stage modifications of advanced intermediates. We have also prepared all the putative intermediates in the catalytic cycle and demonstrated their viability in the process.
Associations between Antibodies to a Panel of Plasmodium falciparum Specific Antigens and Response to Sub-Optimal Antimalarial Therapy in Kampala, Uganda (2012)

Measurement of antibody levels to AMA-1 at the time of malaria may offer a quantitative biomarker of blood stage immunity to P. falciparum, a tool which is currently lacking.
RapaNet: A Web Tool for the Co-Expression Analysis of Brassica rapa Genes (2017)

Accumulated microarray data are used for assessing gene function by providing statistical values for co-expressed genes; however, only a limited number of Web tools are available for analyzing the co-expression of genes of <i>Brassica rapa</i>. We have developed a Web tool called RapaNet (http://bioinfo.mju.ac.kr/arraynet/brassica300k/query/), which is based on a data set of 143 <i>B rapa</i> microarrays compiled from various organs and at different developmental stages during exposure to biotic or abiotic stress. RapaNet visualizes correlated gene expression information via correlational networks and phylogenetic trees using Pearson correlation coefficient (<i>r</i>). In addition, RapaNet provides hierarchical clustering diagrams, scatterplots of log ratio intensities, related pathway maps, and <i>cis</i>-element lists of promoter regions. To ascertain the functionality of RapaNet, the correlated genes encoding ribosomal protein (L7Ae), photosystem II protein D1 (psbA), and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase in glucosinolate biosynthesis (CYP79F1) were retrieved from RapaNet and compared with their <i>Arabidopsis</i> homologues. An analysis of the co-expressed genes revealed their shared and unique features.
Examination of HTLV-I ELISA-Positive Leukemia/Lymphoma Patients by Western Blotting Gave Mostly Negative or Indeterminate Reaction (1990)

We used enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and Western blotting, with "purified" human T-cell leukemia virus I (HTLV-I), to test for HTLV-I antibodies in 2583 plasma samples from 1053 leukemia/lymphoma patients treated at Roswell Park Memorial Institute, mostly between 1972 and 1984, and in 110 sera samples from normal healthy persons. The results demonstrate that ELISA and Western blot assay have limitations for HTLV-I antibody detection in an adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) nonendemic population. This conclusion is based on the many false reactives obtained by ELISA, and weak and indeterminate reaction (mostly p19 band) on Western blotting. All moderate to strongly HTLV-I ELISA-positive samples tested were negative for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies. Although 6/27 mycosis fungoides (MF) patients tested gave mostly a weak reaction on HTLV-I ELISA, 3/6 MF patients gave multiple bands (p19, p31, p36, gp46) on Western blotting and three samples from one patient gave the same p31, p36, and gp46 bands. This may suggest involvement of some HTLV-I-related virus in MF. These results also indicate that prevalence of HTLV-I infection in leukemia/lymphoma patients was rare, if it exists at all, since, despite the reactivity of some sera with HTLV-I-suspected antigens, none of the samples satisfy the USPHS criteria for positivity which is based on the detection of antibodies to gag protein p24 and to an env gene product gp46 or gp61/68.
Flutter of Mistuned Bladed Disks and Blisks With Aerodynamic and FMM Structural Coupling (2004)

This paper presents the initial results from a research effort on blisk and bladed disk mistuning including both structural and aerodynamic coupling. The structural coupling model is based on the Fundamental Mistuning Model (FMM, developed by Feiner &amp; Griffin). This effort extends the FMM technique to accept the aerodynamic coupling coefficients from computational fluid dynamic (CFD) codes. The extended model is applied to a representative engine case. The model and initial studies to identify flutter sensitivities to random and near alternate mistuning are presented. Comparisons are given of tuned and mistuned flutter for only aerodynamic coupling, and with both aerodynamic and structural coupling. For the case studied herein the beneficial effect of mistuning on flutter predicted by aerodynamic coupling models is shown to be greatly inhibited by the inclusion of the structural coupling effects.
Going beyond Church–Turing Thesis Boundaries: Digital Genes, Digital Neurons and the Future of AI (2020)

The Church–Turing thesis deals with computing functions that are described by a list of formal, mathematical rules or sequences of event-driven actions such as modeling, simulation, business workflows, etc. All algorithms that are Turing computable fall within the boundaries of the Church–Turing thesis. There are two paths to pushing the boundaries. The first is to address the limitation in the clause “ignoring resource limitations”. The second is to search for computing models that solve problems that no ordinary Turing machine can solve using superrecursive algorithms. We argue that “structural machines” provide a new solution to managing both without disrupting the computation itself.
Settling infants and toddlers into early care and education (2010)

The transition into early childhood education is a big step for children and their parents. It can help a child settle in if one teacher becomes their 'primary caregiver', giving them someone to relate to and the parents someone to communicate with. This action research project looks at one centre's 'key teacher' system and transition processes and how well they work.
Alternate Communications Spectrum Study (ACSS) for Aviation Data Links (ADL) (2003)

The aim of the work was to identify the key factors involved in the use of alternate spectrum in various bands for a future integrated CNS data link. The study focused on systems and spectral bands that can deliver VDL-or-higher data rates in a two-way communication setting (including air-ground, ground-air, and air-air modes of operation), with multiple platforms (aircraft) operating in the same local environment. We begin with a review of the initial task list, and the final task list. The final task list contained a focus upon spectral availability and related systems that could be affected by the deployment of a new aviation data link (ADL) system. Most of this addresses the lower few layers of the communications protocol stack. A brief review of current related efforts in the aeronautical community is then provided, in which we describe several systems and programs of interest. Participation in some of these efforts is recommended. We also delineate several of the advantages and disadvantages of these system/efforts, in view of anticipated requirements of a new ADL. Desired attributes of a new ADL system are then discussed, and a connection with existing systems is made. The need to consider a wider set of alternative systems and technologies is described, and the beneficial aspects of a particular transmission technique- spread spectrum-are discussed. We then discuss in more detail several potential spectral regions, in terms of propagation conditions, available technology, spectrum availability, and waveform selection. Some comments on the need for standardization are also provided. We note that none of the existing systems described will likely meet the full range of desired features of a new ADL, but that several systems and spectral regions offer promise in terms of one or more characteristics. A system design and analysis approach is then provided. In this, we again focus on the lower few layers of the protocol stack, and aim to capture the main features and parameters that must be selected in the design. Two appendices show example versions and initial results of the first few technical steps in the design approach. Some conclusions are then drawn, and in the final section, recommendations are provided, the most important of which are repeated here: 1. Continue the effort begun here. As detailed in this report, we have only uncovered much of the work that needs to be done in order to provide the foundation for a flexible, high- performance, robust ADL. 2. Seize the opportunity to begin testing in the MLS band. The wide bandwidths and low level of usage of this band make it an ideal one for proof-of-concept type testing. Other (non- aeronautical) organizations are likely to make claims on the band if it is not being used. The primary conclusion is that there is a real and pressing need for a new aviation data link. vi
Development and Experimental Testing of Microstrip Patch Antenna-Inspired RF Probes for 14 T MRI Scanners (2018)

Radio frequency (RF) probes for ultrahigh-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems were developed from structures inspired by microstrip patch antennas. The patch structures provide an alternative to conventional surface coils. We show that these structures, operating as resonators, can produce strong magnetic fields, which act as B1 fields in MRI studies. The addition of high permittivity inserts to the patch substrate was beneficial for increasing B1 field uniformity. It was also shown by simulations that two vis-à-vis placed identical patches fed with 180° phase difference could produce uniform B1 field in the space between patches and could be used as volume RF probes. This possibility was confirmed by experiments with fabricated prototypes in the VARIAN 14.1 T MRI scanner. We further show that the B1 uniformity is enhanced over larger volume with properly profiled substrates of higher permittivity, along with smaller radiation losses. These probes were found competitive and even advantageous in comparison with birdcage coils because of better stability of their Q-factors at loading by lossy phantoms. Thus, patch-based probes offer a viable alternative to RF probes for ultrahigh field MRI.
Nachwort (1995)

Parallele Algorithmen können sehr elegante Lösungen zu klassischen Problemen bieten. Das Sortieren von Zahlen (vgl. Seite 166) ist ein gutes Beispiel, wie der Einsatz von Threads zu einer neuen Implementierung führt. Wie auch die objektorientierte Programmierung bietet die Parallelisierung einen Ansatz, reale Systeme und Vorgänge genauer und überschaubarer im Rechner abzubilden. Die möglichen Anwendungen sind vielfältig und kaum absehbar; sie reichen von Simulationsprogrammen über Bedien- und Beobachtungssysteme bis bin zur Palette der Bürosoftware.
Near infrared-emitting tris-bidentate Os(ii) phosphors: control of excited state characteristics and fabrication of OLEDs (2015)

Os(<sc>ii</sc>) complexes bearing chromophoric 1,10-phenanthroline, diphosphine and bipyrazolate ancillaries display efficient NIR emission ranging from 717 nm to 779 nm in the solid state at RT.
Flocculation inside disc‐stack centrifuges to improve biomass separation (Result of EU project PRODIAS) (2018)

cause complex elution behavior under high loading conditions.Mechanistic modeling is used to investigate the underlying binding mechanisms that cannot be directly observed by experiments.A new binding model is introduced that extends the SMA model by Brooks and Cramer by accounting for multiple binding stages.The multi-state SMA model is 6 Bioverfahrenstechnik
7-nm FinFET CMOS Design Enabled by Stress Engineering Using Si, Ge, and Sn (2014)

Bandgap and stress engineering using group IV materials-Si, Ge, and Sn, and their alloys are employed to design a FinFET-based CMOS solution for the 7-nm technology node and beyond. A detailed simulation study evaluating the performance of the proposed design is presented. Through the use of a common strain-relaxed buffer layer for p- and n-channel MOSFETs and a careful selection of source/drain stressor materials, the CMOS design is shown to achieve performance benefits over strained Si, meet the I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> requirements, and provide a path for continued technology scaling.
Unidirectionally biased Permalloy: A polarized-neutron-reflection experiment (1990)

The depth profile of the magnetization of an exchange-coupled Permalloy-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{50}$ bilayer is determined nondestructively from polarized-neutron reflectometry. The interfacial exchange coupling between the ferromagnetic Permalloy layer and the antiferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{50}$ layer gives rise to an unusual unidirectional anisotropy of the Permalloy layer, whose magnitude is much smaller than would be expected from the bulk exchange constants of these materials. A variety of models have been proposed to account for this result, some of which require inhomogeneous magnetization distributions within the Permalloy layer or at the Permalloy-${\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{50}$ interface. These experiments reveal that, for a structure of the form Si(111)/${\mathrm{Ni}}_{81}$${\mathrm{Fe}}_{19}$(400 \AA{})/${\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}$${\mathrm{Mn}}_{50}$(400 \AA{})/Ta(300 \AA{}), the depth profile of the magnetization is uniform within experimental error. In particular, for fields sufficiently large to magnetize the Permalloy layer at one or other extreme of the hysteresis loop, the layer-by-layer profile of the magnetization is identical, ruling out the possibility of planar domain-wall formation in the Permalloy layer. The hysteresis loop is derived from polarized-neutron reflectometry data as a function of in-plane magnetic field and is the same as that found using conventional magnetometry. The actual layer thicknesses of the structure were separately determined by neutron reflectometry for the structure magnetized with the magnetic moment perpendicular to the neutron-scattering plane.