gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 28 nm 2 Mbit 6 T SRAM With Highly Configurable Low-Voltage Write-Ability Assist Implementation and Capacitor-Based Sense-Amplifier Input Offset Compensation (2015)

This paper presents a highly configurable low-voltage write-ability assist implementation along with a sense-amplifier offset reduction technique to improve SRAM read performance. Write-assist implementation combines negative bit-line (BL) and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{\text{DD}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> collapse schemes in an efficient way to maximize <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$V_{{\min}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> improvements while saving on area and energy overhead of these assists. Relative delay and pulse width of assist control signals are also designed with configurability to provide tuning of assist strengths. Sense-amplifier offset compensation scheme uses capacitors to store and negate threshold mismatch of input transistors. A test chip fabricated in 28 nm HP CMOS process demonstrates operation down to 0.5 V with write assists and more than 10% reduction in word-line pulsewidth with the offset compensated sense amplifiers.
Diffusion and induced crystallization in polycarbonate (1981)

Abstract The study of the effect of thickness on the mass uptake is shown to be quite helpful in the understanding of the complexities of polymer/organic penetrant sorption behavior. Isothermal diffusion results for methanol, acetone, and carbon tetrachloride in polycarbonate plates and films of various thicknesses ranging from 12 mils (0.030 cm) to 1/4 in. (0.633 cm) are presented. The diffusion is purely Fickian only in the case of methanol, which is a poor solvent for polycarbonate and has a low level of saturation in it (0.06 g/g). Methanol does not lead to a detectable swelling or any appreciable crystallization of the polymer during the diffusion process. Acetone and carbon tetrachloride are much better solvents and lead to much higher saturation levels; they crystallize polycarbonate, and their mass uptake is anomalous. The diffusion of carbon tetrachloride exhibits initially a case II diffusion behavior followed for thicker plates by an intermediate behavior between case II and Fickian diffusion. The anomalous diffusion in the case of acetone appears to be associated primarily with surface effects.
Supplementary Table Legends from Functional Kinomics Identifies Candidate Therapeutic Targets in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Ab Initio Study of Doped Tin Niobates and Tantalates as Prospective Catalyst Supports for Water Electrolysis (2010)

The electronic structure of Sn2Ta2O7, Sn2Nb2O7, SnTa2O6, and SnNb2O6 compounds doped with small amounts of As, Sb, Bi, Cr, Mo, and W has been calculated in an attempt to identify new electrochemically stable viable catalyst supports for water electrolysis. Vienna ab-initio simulation package (VASP), within the projector augmented-wave (PAW) method in the general gradient approximation (GGA) for conducting the exchange-correlation corrections, has been utilized for the calculations. The role of doping 5A- and 6B-elements in improving the electronic conductivity has been discussed. Discussion of the cohesive energies for the materials and their electronic conductivity indicates that the thoreaulite structure of SnTa2O6 doped with As, Sb, or Bi could be the most appropriate candidates for use as catalyst supports in water electrolysis.
Abstract 226: GGF2 Requires Activation Of PI3 Kinase Pathway To Mediate Cytoprotective Effects In The Mouse Atrial-derived Hl-1 Cardiomyocyte-like Cell Line (2014)

Glial growth factor (GGF2) is a Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), which binds ErbB receptors and activates downstream cell signaling processes. NRG-1 ligands and their receptors are required for cardiac development and adult cardiac function. GGF2 has been shown to improve left ventricular function in several models of heart failure though the mechanisms by which GGF2 is efficacious are poorly understood. GGF2 is currently in clinical trials for treatment of congestive heart failure. Many studies have focused on GGF2 regulation of PI3 kinase (PI3K) as measured by formation of pAKT in vivo and in numerous cell lines, including HL-1 cells, neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. NRG-1s also activate the MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway as measured by pERK1/2 formation. To better understand GGF2 action in the stressed heart, we have developed in vitro systems to study GGF2 protection of cardiomyocytes from doxorubicin induced toxicity. After serum starvation, cells were pre-incubated with GGF2 (0.15 pM to 9.5 nM) for 1 hr followed by exposure to 1 μM doxorubicin for 18 hrs. After doxorubicin treatment MTT labeling index of cultures was used as an endpoint measurement of cell metabolic status. Doxorubicin decreases MTT labeling index by 90% while GGF2 prevented this toxicity by almost 50% compared to untreated cells, with an EC 50 of 83.3±19.4 pM . This effect appears to be dependent upon AKT signaling and not MAPK as assessed using inhibitors of both pathways. Inhibition of MAPK increases pAKT formation without changing extent of GGF2 protection. Blocking ErbB4 receptor, highly expressed in cardiomyocytes, causes a decrease in pAKT formation, suggesting that this receptor is important for mediating GGF2 action in these cells. Our results demonstrate that, in HL-1 cells, GGF2 mediates cytoprotective responses which require PI3K activation. Similar studies are being pursued in doxorubicin-treated NRVMs and human iPS derived cardiomyocytes. Initial results indicate GGF2 also mediates cytoprotective effects in these cell types. Future efforts will be aimed at elucidating potential roles for PI3K-dependent GGF2 regulation of mitochondrial function, Ca 2+ signaling or REDOX regulation in the observed cytoprotective actions.
Low-Grade Gliomas and Focal Cortical Developmental Malformations: Differentiation with Proton MR Spectroscopy (2004)

MR spectroscopy allows distinction between low-grade gliomas and FCDMs and between low-grade glioma subtypes. Metabolite changes are more informative than are metabolite ratios.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTRON‐TRANSFER PROCESSES. SELECTIVE SYNTHESES OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES OF INDUSTRIAL INTEREST BY CATALYZED PEROXYDISULFATE OXIDATION (1979)

Abstract In einer wäßrig‐methanolischen Mischung wird 4‐Methoxytoluol (I) in Gegenwart von Eisen(II)‐sulfat und Kupfer(II)‐ acetat unter Stickstoff mit einer 24%igen Natriumperoxidisulfatlösung bei 70°C mit 93%igem Umsatz und 87%iger Ausbeute zu 4‐Methoxybenzaldehyd (II) oxidiert.
The origin and nature of flame retardance in ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymers containing hostaflam AP 750 (1999)

The aim of the study is to investigate new intumescent materials based on ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. Hostaflam AP 750 is used as a flame-retardant system. Fire testing and thermal analyses have shown that the incorporation of AP 750 leads to the formation of an intumescent coating which provides good fire barrier properties. Spectrochemical analyses have shown that the coating consists of polyethylenic chains issued from the polymer. Polyaromatic structures and phosphorus oxides are also observed in the coating. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Discovering a hidden binding site of spermidine synthase inhibitors for Chagas disease by combining molecular simulations and X-ray crystallography (2021)

Background Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi and is one of the neglected tropical diseases. Although two types of drugs are currently available, new drugs are still required because they have serious side effects. To develop a therapeutic agent for trypanosomiasis, we focused on spermidine synthase (SpdSyn) as the target protein and determined the hidden binding site which was not identified in the X-ray structure for obtaining seed compounds using a computational simulation. Methodology/Principal Findings Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was performed for TcSpdSyn to predict new binding sites. These results indicated that the highly druggable binding site was discovered around Glu22. We also conducted docking simulation for the new binding site and in vitro assay to determine half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value. Furthermore, to confirm ligand of binding site and pose, we conducted X-ray crystallographic studies. As a result, two compounds were discovered as inhibitors of TcSpdSyn with IC50 values of 82.27 and 43.41 μM, respectively. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that two inhibitors are bound to the hidden binding site which is detected by computational simulation. Conclusions/Significance MD simulation revealed that there are new sites in the TcSpdSyn that are not an active site. This site exists near Glu22 and Asp77, and crystal structures revealed that compounds 1 and 2 are bound to the hidden binding site, as predicted by MD simulations, and interacts with Glu22 and Asp77 through hydrogen bonds. 4MCHA which has been reported as known inhibitor binds to the TcSpdSyn active site while interacting with Asp171. Therefore, these inhibitors we discovered differs in binding mode from a known inhibitor and this new binding site is useful for antitrypanosomiasis target.
Engine and control system modelling to reduce powertrain development risk (1997)

There is an underlying shift in philosophy away from map based controls towards more widespread use of models to represent elements of the engine system. Models have the dual advantage of supporting both control and diagnosis activity in the engine management system. This paper is based on work we have done to build an accurate control development capability using a full phenomenological model of the engine. The result will allow the control development process to proceed significantly further in simulation than if conventional modelling techniques were employed. The consequence is an early reduction in development risk. The CPower environment is developed, which is a combination of the GTPower engine modelling code and the Simulink 2 control simulation package. Our objective in bringing these tools together is to allow controls development to be set in the context of an accurate engine model. (4 pages)
Collisional damping interface for an electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (1998)

A new interface between atmosphere and high vacuum has been developed for orthogonal injection of electrosprayed ions into a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. A small rf quadrupole operating at 100 mtorr (1.33 × 10−4 bar) is its key element. Ions enter the quadrupole with velocities acquired in the free expansion/declustering process. As they pass through the quadrupole their motion is constrained by the rf field. Meanwhile, they lose energy by collisions with the gas molecules. The time delays of ions passing through the quadrupole have been measured in order to determine the average velocities of the ions and the factors determining this value. In addition, a simple computational model based on a Monte Carlo approach has been developed to simulate the ion motion; it shows a considerable decrease in both transverse and axial ion velocity components. As the result of collisional damping the interface provides a dramatic improvement in the overall quality of the ion beam transported into the mass spectrometer. Both resolution and sensitivity of the time-of-flight instrument are improved and mass-to-charge ratio discrimination is greatly reduced.
Bioinspired nanofibers support chondrogenesis for articular cartilage repair (2012)

Articular cartilage repair remains a significant and growing clinical challenge with the aging population. The native extracellular matrix (ECM) of articular cartilage is a 3D structure composed of proteinaceous fibers and a hydrogel ground substance that together provide the physical and biological cues to instruct cell behavior. Here we present fibrous scaffolds composed of poly(vinyl alcohol) and the biological cue chondroitin sulfate with fiber dimensions on the nanoscale for application to articular cartilage repair. The unique, low-density nature of the described nanofiber scaffolds allows for immediate cell infiltration for optimal tissue repair. The capacity for the scaffolds to facilitate cartilage-like tissue formation was evaluated in vitro. Compared with pellet cultures, the nanofiber scaffolds enhance chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stems cells as indicated by increased ECM production and cartilage specific gene expression while also permitting cell proliferation. When implanted into rat osteochondral defects, acellular nanofiber scaffolds supported enhanced chondrogenesis marked by proteoglycan production minimally apparent in defects left empty. Furthermore, inclusion of chondroitin sulfate into the fibers enhanced cartilage-specific type II collagen synthesis in vitro and in vivo. By mimicking physical and biological cues of native ECM, the nanofiber scaffolds enhanced cartilaginous tissue formation, suggesting their potential utility for articular cartilage repair.
Sharc: managing cpu and network bandwidth in shared clusters (2004)

We argue the need for effective resource management mechanisms for sharing resources in commodity clusters. To address this issue, we present the design of Sharc-a system that enables resource sharing among applications in such clusters. Sharc depends on single node resource management mechanisms such as reservations or shares, and extends the benefits of such mechanisms to clustered environments. We present techniques for managing two important resources-CPU and network interface bandwidth-on a cluster-wide basis. Our techniques allow Sharc to 1) support reservation of CPU and network interface bandwidth for distributed applications, 2) dynamically allocate resources based on past usage, and 3) provide performance isolation to applications. Our experimental evaluation has shown that Sharc can scale to 256 node clusters running 100,000 applications. These results demonstrate that Sharc can be an effective approach for sharing resources among competing applications in moderate size clusters.
Recyclable PUFs: Logically Reconfigurable PUFs. (2011)

Abstract. Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are security primitives that exploit intrinsic random physical variations of hardware components. In the recent years, many security solutions based on PUFs have been proposed, including identification/authentication schemes, key storage and hardware-entangled cryptography. Existing PUF instantiations typically exhibit a static challenge/response behavior, while many practical applications would benefit from reconfigurable PUFs. Examples include the revocation or update of “secrets ” in PUF-based key storage or cryptographic primitives based on PUFs. In this paper, we present the concept of Logically Reconfigurable PUFs (LR-PUFs) that allow changing the challenge/response behavior without physically replacing or modifying the underlying PUF. We present two efficient LR-PUF constructions and evaluate their performance and security. In this context, we introduce a formal security model for LR-PUFs. Finally, we discuss several practical applications of LR-PUFs focusing on lightweight solutions for resource-constrained embedded devices, in particular RFIDs. 1
Figure S5 from MAPK7 Regulates EMT Features and Modulates the Generation of CTCs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S5. Knockdown of MAPK7, CDC7, CDC2L5 and CSNKID induces Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition (MET).&lt;/p&gt;
Strong Crypto for RFID Tags - A Comparison of Low-Power Hardware Implementations (2007)

The implementation of security protocols in RFID systems is challenging because of the fierce constraints concerning power consumption and low die size of RFID tags. The choice of the appropriate cryptographic primitive is difficult because there are many different algorithms available and the design options for each are manifold. In this paper, we analyze the standardized cryptographic algorithms SHA-256, SHA-1, MD5, AES-128, and ECC-192 in terms of implementation efficiency. The three parameters mean power consumption, chip area, and the number of clock cycles, are used to introduce a metric for a fair comparison of different hardware implementations. We describe the implementations of the five modules which were optimized for application in passive RFID tags and compare their results. We give conclusive evidence that the use of AES in RFID systems is most appropriate today
Caveolin Gene Expression Predicts Clinical Outcomes for Early-Stage HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy in the GeparSepto Trial (2023)

Our findings indicate high CAV1/2 expression is associated with worse DFS and OS in paclitaxel-treated patients. Conversely, in nab-paclitaxel-treated patients, high CAV1/2 expression is associated with increased pCR and no significant detriment to DFS or OS compared with low CAV1/2 expression.
Towards Multi-Domain Congestion Control in Next-Generation Networks (2019)

The performance problems of recent transport protocols applied in fixed and high-speed wireless networks call for research for an effective congestion control approach, which is able to work efficiently in both domains. In this paper we propose a framework incorporating a novel Multi-Domain congestion control with a novel Lightweight Performance Enhancing Proxy (PEP), which requires no client modification. The method was implemented in the Linux kernel and the Lightweight PEP in ns-3 and we carried out a comprehensive performance evaluation of our proposed framework. We demonstrate that our approach can achieve a robust behavior in the presence of wireless loss while keeping the TCP fairness in the wired domain. Moreover, we also present that our method provides a faster adaptation in the wireless domain compared to the currently used CUBIC TCP.
TiCN: A new chemical vapor deposited contact barrier metallization for submicron devices (1994)

High-quality chemical vapor deposited TiCN films were produced in a single wafer reactor using a metallorganic (TDMAT) precursor. The films have excellent step coverage over high aspect-ratio contacts as well as very low particle content. These properties are obtained because the films are deposited under surface-reaction controlled conditions. The films show also excellent barrier properties against Al and WF6 attack. These properties make this material a superb contact barrier material for ultra-large-scale integrated devices.
Feasibility of Cosmic Object Detection Using an X-ray FSR System (2019)

The feasibility of an X-ray Forward Scatter Radar (FSR) system, which exploits X-ray pulsars as opportunity transmitters, is examined. We provide a power budget estimate for detection of large cosmic objects using such a FSR system and assume the use of the high-resolution X-ray telescopes mounted on a satellite as the receivers. The numerical results are obtained for three types of pulsars and small asteroids, whose diameters equal and overcome 50m.
Mitochondrial DNA–enriched microparticles promote acute-on-chronic alcoholic neutrophilia and hepatotoxicity (2017)

Over the last several years, one of the major advances in the field of alcoholic liver disease research was the discovery that binge alcohol consumption induced neutrophilia and hepatic neutrophil infiltration in chronically ethanol-fed mice and human subjects with excessive alcohol use (EAU); however, the underlying mechanisms remain obscure. Here, we demonstrated that chronic EAU patients with a history of recent excessive drinking (EAU + RD) had higher serum levels of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)-enriched microparticles (MPs) than EAU without recent drinking (EAU - RD) and healthy controls, which correlated positively with circulating neutrophils. Similarly, mice with chronic-plus-binge (E10d + 1B) ethanol feeding also had markedly elevated serum levels of mtDNA-enriched MPs, with activation of hepatic ER stress and inflammatory responses. Inhibition of ER stress by gene KO or inhibitors attenuated ethanol-induced elevation of mtDNA-enriched MPs, neutrophilia, and liver injury. The data from the study of hepatocyte-specific deletion of the protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (Perk) gene in mice and of cultured hepatocytes demonstrated that hepatocytes were the main source of mtDNA-enriched MPs after ethanol feeding. Finally, administration of mtDNA-enriched MPs isolated from E10d+1B-fed mice caused neutrophilia in mice. In conclusion, E10d + 1B ethanol consumption activates hepatic ER stress-dependent mtDNA-enriched MP release, leading to neutrophilia and liver injury.
Mid-Air Haptic Feedback Enabled by Aluminum Nitride PMUTs (2022)

This work achieves mid-air haptic feedback, using piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs), with a 6 times higher ultrasound carrier frequency than previously demonstrated [1]. More specifically, a PMUT array, fabricated at the Silterra foundry, reaches 145 dB SPL up to 25 mm above the chip, which is well in the pressure range previously established for tactile sensation [2], [3]. The resonance frequency of the 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> array is 596 kHz which corresponds to a 575 µm acoustic wavelength in air. This enables volumetric shapes with more than 6 times higher resolutions, compared to previously demonstrated haptic feedback, using 100 and 40 kHz transducers [1], [2].
Adaphostin-induced oxidative stress overcomes BCR/ABL mutation-dependent and -independent imatinib resistance (2005)

The BCR/ABL kinase has been targeted for the treatment of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) by imatinib mesylate. While imatinib has been extremely effective for chronic phase CML, blast crisis CML and Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are often resistant. In particular, mutation of the T315 residue in the bcr/abl activation loop renders cells highly resistant to imatinib and to second-generation kinase inhibitors such as BMS-354825 or AMN107. Adaphostin is a tyrphostin that was originally intended to inhibit the BCR/ABL kinase by competing with its peptide substrates. Recent findings have in addition implicated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytotoxic mechanism of adaphostin. In view of this unique mode of action, we examined the effects of adaphostin on numerous imatinib-resistant leukemia models, including imatinib-resistant CML and Ph+ ALL cell lines, cells harboring point mutations in BCR/ABL, and specimens from imatinib-resistant CML patients, using assays for intracellular ROS, apoptosis, and clonogenicity. Every model of imatinib resistance examined remained fully sensitive to adaphostin-induced cell death. Collectively, these data suggest that ROS generation by adaphostin overcomes even the most potent imatinib resistance in CML and Ph+ ALL.
High-precision DAC based on a self-calibrated sub-binary radix converter (2004)

A DAC architecture based on a sub-binary radix converter is presented. By calibrating digitally the non-linear sub-binary converter, it is possible to use it as a high-precision, high-resolution, digital-to-analog converter. The analog part of the new DAC doesn't need precise components. It becomes thus possible to build high-performance DACs on a small area, neither requiring aggressive analog design nor highly matched components. By relaxing the constraints on the analog part, this new topology is very promising for the design of high-performance converters with modern technologies. Both digital and analog components are straightforward to design, allowing their automated synthesis by CAD tools. The new converter structure is presented, and the necessary calibration and conversion algorithms are detailed.