gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of recursive database query languages (1987)

Recently, logic-based languages have received a lot of attention both in logic programming systems and in extended relational database systems. If these systems are to be practical, they will require powerful optimization techniques, especially for recursions. In this thesis we present three such optimizations.
We first consider how to detect bounded recursions, that is, recursions that can be replaced by equivalent nonrecursive definitions. By varying the problem parameters, one can produce classes of recursions for which the bounded recursion problem ranges from linearly decidable to NP-hard to undecidable.
Next we consider removing redundant predicates from unbounded recursions. We prove that detecting redundant predicates is undecidable, but give an algorithm to detect and remove redundant predicates that is complete for a large subset of recursions.
Finally, we define a useful class of recursions, the one-sided recursions. We show how to detect one-sided recursions, give two simple evaluation algorithms for one-sided recursions, and discuss some properties of one-sided recursions that make evaluating selections on one-sided recursions particularly simple.
21.1: A 513‐ppi FFS‐Mode TFT‐LCD using CAAC Oxide Semiconductor Fabricated by a 6‐Mask Proces (2014)

Abstract A driving method which does not need planarity for high definition and enables low frequency driving was examined. Further, a 513‐ppi FFS‐mode liquid crystal display (LCD) panel with high aperture ratio was fabricated via a six‐mask process, using a technique that combines an oxide semiconductor and an oxide conductor.
Gene expression changes in the MAPK pathway in both Fragile X and Down syndrome human neural progenitor cells. (2012)

The two most common genetic developmental disorders that cause intellectual disability are Down syndrome (DS) and Fragile X syndrome (FXS). Although the genetics and behavioral hallmarks of these two disorders are distinct, common underlying defects in neural development may lead to the cognitive impairment characteristic of both. Human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) enable the study of prenatal human brain development in these developmental disorders. We therefore tested whether there are common affected molecular pathways in FXS and DS hNPCs that may be indicators of the fundamental developmental causes of intellectual disability. Comparison of gene expression data from FXS and DS (disorder group) hNPCs to unaffected hNPCs indicated genes in specific signal transduction cascades are dysregulated. Importantly, altered expression of genes in these signaling pathways did not emerge when the two disorder hNPCs were analyzed separately. Specifically, genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK/ERK) and calcium signaling pathways are mis-expressed in disorder hNPCs. These results suggest that DS and FXS hNPCs do not communicate or respond appropriately to extracellular cues during neural development. These results validate the use of hNPCs as a tool to assess complex cell functions during neural development and suggest that defects in the pathways identified could have profound effects on how neural progenitor cells survive, proliferate and differentiate, thereby leading to intellectual disability.
Imaging systems and applications (2013)

Imaging systems have numerous applications in industrial, military, consumer, and medical settings. Assembling a complete imaging system requires the integration of optics, sensing, image processing, and display rendering. This issue features original research ranging from fundamental theories to novel imaging modalities and provides a systems perspective to imaging.
Artificial cells: Unique insights into exocytosis using liposomes and lipid nanotubes (2003)

Exocytosis is the fundamental process underlying neuronal communication. This process involves fusion of a small neurotransmitter-containing vesicle with the plasma membrane of a cell to release minute amounts of transmitter molecules. Exocytosis is thought to go through an intermediate step involving formation of a small lipid nanotube or fusion pore, followed by expansion of the pore to the final stage of exocytosis. The process of exocytosis has been studied by various methods; however, when living cells are used it is difficult to discriminate between the molecular effects of membrane proteins relative to the mechanics of lipid-membrane-driven processes and to manipulate system parameters (e.g., membrane composition, pH, ion concentration, temperature, etc.). We describe the use of liposome-lipid nanotube networks to create an artificial cell model that undergoes the later stages of exocytosis. This model shows that membrane mechanics, without protein intervention, can drive expansion of the fusion pore to the final stage of exocytosis and can affect the rate of transmitter release through the fusion pore.
Invariant Representations for Noisy Speech Recognition (2016)

Modern automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems need to be robust under acoustic variability arising from environmental, speaker, channel, and recording conditions. Ensuring such robustness to variability is a challenge in modern day neural network-based ASR systems, especially when all types of variability are not seen during training. We attempt to address this problem by encouraging the neural network acoustic model to learn invariant feature representations. We use ideas from recent research on image generation using Generative Adversarial Networks and domain adaptation ideas extending adversarial gradient-based training. A recent work from Ganin et al. proposes to use adversarial training for image domain adaptation by using an intermediate representation from the main target classification network to deteriorate the domain classifier performance through a separate neural network. Our work focuses on investigating neural architectures which produce representations invariant to noise conditions for ASR. We evaluate the proposed architecture on the Aurora-4 task, a popular benchmark for noise robust ASR. We show that our method generalizes better than the standard multi-condition training especially when only a few noise categories are seen during training.
Packaging (2006)

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Understanding drug‐likeness (2011)

Abstract ‘Drug‐likeness’, a qualitative property of chemicals assigned by experts committee vote, is widely integrated into the early stages of lead and drug discovery. Its conceptual evolution paralleled work related to Pfizer's ‘rule of five’ and lead‐likeness, and is placed within this framework. The discrimination between ‘drugs’ (represented by a collection of pharmaceutically relevant small molecules, some of which are marketed drugs) and ‘nondrugs’ (typically, chemical reagents) is possible using a wide variety of statistical tools and chemical descriptor systems. Here we summarize 18 papers focused on drug‐likeness, and provide a comprehensive overview of progress in the field. Tools that estimate drug‐likeness are valuable in the early stages of lead discovery, and can be used to filter out compounds with undesirable properties from screening libraries and to prioritize hits from primary screens. As the goal is, most often, to develop orally available drugs, it is also useful to optimize drug‐like pharmacokinetic properties. We examine tools that evaluate drug‐likeness and some of their shortcomings, challenges facing these tools, and address the following issues: What is the definition of drug‐likeness and how can it be utilized to reduce attrition rate in drug discovery? How difficult is it to distinguish drugs from nondrugs? Are nondrug datasets reliable? Can we estimate oral drug‐likeness? We discuss a drug‐like filter and recent advances in the prediction of oral drug‐likeness. The heuristic aspect of drug‐likeness is also addressed. © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd. WIREs Comput Mol Sci 2011 1 760–781 DOI: 10.1002/wcms.52 This article is categorized under: Computer and Information Science &gt; Chemoinformatics
Monolithic device for on-chip fast optical phase conjugation integrating an image sensor and a spatial light modulator (2014)

Optical phase conjugation is a technique that could find many applications in medical imaging and industry. However, state of the art techniques are limited in speed, portability and efficiency. Especially for digital optical phase conjugation, the electronic delays for image readout on a camera and addressing a spatial light modulator make this technique unpractical for phase conjugation in biological medium. Furthermore, the calibration of such a system is a very complex and expensive task. Thus, we propose integrating on the same device a camera and a liquid crystals spatial light modulator to achieve phase control thanks to in-pixel processing of a photodiode signal.
Efficacy of Suprachoroidal–Transretinal Stimulation in a Rabbit Model of Retinal Degeneration (2010)

Purpose. To develop a middle-sized animal model of outer retinal degeneration and to evaluate the effectiveness of suprachoroidal-transretinal stimulation (STS) in eliciting cortical potentials from this model. Methods. Twelve rabbits were intravenously injected with 0.47 mg/kg verteporfin and the retinas were irradiated with a red light for 90 minutes. Fluorescein angiography and full-field and focal electroretinography (ERG) were performed at 7 and 28 days after the irradiation. Electrically evoked potentials (EEPs) were elicited by electrical stimulation, with the STS electrode implanted over the irradiated region, 1 month and 1 year after the irradiation. EEPs were also recorded from three rabbits before and after retinotomy of the normal retina surrounding the degenerated area, to eliminate the influence of stray currents. The retina beneath the site of the STS electrode was examined histologically at 1 month (group 1) and 1 year (group 2) after the irradiation. Results. An extensive area of degeneration was detected histologically, mainly in the outer retina after the irradiation. Focal ERGs were not recorded when the stimulus was confined to the irradiated area; however, EEPs were successfully elicited by STS of the same area 1 month and 1 year after the irradiation. The 360 degrees retinectomy did not significantly alter the amplitudes, the implicit times, or the thresholds of EEPs evoked by STS. Conclusions. Verteporfin with light irradiation induces degeneration predominantly in the outer retinal layers in rabbits. The elicitation of EEPs by STS from the degenerated area suggests that the STS system may be useful in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.
Transverse Losses and Zeff Measurements at GOL-3 Facility (2007)

Transverse losses from hot dense plasma were studied on the GOL-3 facility. Concentration of impurities, effective charge of ions in plasma, line radiation power and charge exchange loses were found from spectroscopic measurements in VUV and visible spectral regions. Estimation of effective charge of ion required for comparison of measurements and predictions of global confinement time was derived from the measurements of impurities concentration.
Improved Hydraulic Fracturing Perforation Efficiency Observed With Constant Entry Hole and Constant Penetration Perforating System (2017)

Abstract Conventional perforating systems exhibit a distribution of perforation entry hole diameters around the circumference of the casing, when the system is decentralized within the wellbore. In the case of horizontal, limited entry, cluster style perforating operations the perforating system normally lies along the bottom of the casing. When hydraulically fracturing these intervals, perforation efficiency is difficult to predict since the entry hole diameters and perforation penetrations are not definitive. A perforating system has been developed which provides a consistent entrance hole diameter and formation penetration independent of the clearance between the perforating carrier and casing. The system has been engineered to provide optimal perforation placement and to ensure that every perforation is the same regardless of circumferential position. The system provides a somewhat shallower penetration depth than conventional charges but some data suggests that depth of penetration may not significantly impact unconventional fracturing operations. The system has been field tested in well over 5000 stages in a variety of unconventional resource field applications. Direct comparisons with conventional perforating systems show improved perforation efficiency as observed through step rate test analysis conducted during hydraulic fracturing operations. Case studies are presented which illustrate the impact of having all perforations with a consistent penetration and constant entry hole diameter. With each individual perforation configured identically, no one perforation can dominate during hydraulic fracturing operations, and as a result more perforations may contribute to fracture development.
Beam propagation method analysis of transverse-electric waves propagating in a nonlinear tapered planar waveguide (1991)

The propagation of TE-polarized guided waves in a nonlinear tapered waveguide is studied. The incident fields are chosen from the stable branches of the nonlinear dispersion curve in its uniform section. The propagations of the field in both directions are calculated by the beam-propagation method. Wave propagation in the tapered waveguide is discussed in terms of the nonlinear dispersion curves of the waveguide. Depending on the intensity, the field can radiate as a spatial soliton or it can have an abrupt transition between the guided mode and the surface polariton. The wave propagation of an incident field that is composed of a dominant TE0 wave and a small TE1 wave is investigated. Finally, using a property of this wave propagation, we present a new device for continuous signal routing.
Application of Low-Cost Turbo-Jet Powered Interceptors for Cruise Missile Defense (2000)

Abstract : With the proliferation of highly accurate long-range cruise missiles and the demonstrated capabilities of this type of weapon, defense against this threat is becoming an essential military requirement. Furthermore, the inherent characteristics of evolving cruise missiles, such as low cost, long range, payload mix and numerous launch options, are making cruise missiles a weapon of choice for many military planners. As a result, potential adversaries could soon possess sufficiently large numbers of this type of weapon that cannot be cost effectively addressed with available U.S. air defense systems. What is needed is a low-cost ground launched interceptor that can fulfill this critical need. This paper will detail the concept for such an affordable cruise missile defense system. It will include the Concept of Operations (CONOPS), a definition of the integrated system and detail the innovative use of current sensors and other technologies. Analytical and simulation results are utilized as the basis for the development of the concept and evaluation of its expected capabilities.
Fluorine in medicinal chemistry: β-fluorination of peripheral pyrrolidines attached to acridine ligands affects their interactions with G-quadruplex DNA (2011)

Comparative X-ray structure studies reveal that C-F bond incorporation into the peripheral pyrrolidine moieties of the G-quadruplex DNA binding ligand BSU6039 leads to a distinct pyrrolidine ring conformation, relative to the non-fluorinated analogue, and with a different binding mode involving reversal of the pyrrolidinium N(+)-H orientation.
Unsupervised Estimation of Domain Applicability of Models (2018)

With growing applications of machine learning across many domains, it is increasingly important to assess whether or not a given machine learning model is applicable to a domain. It is well-known that accuracy of a deployed model is highly dependent on the “similarity” of the deployed environment to the training environment where data was collected and processed. Present methods for assessing the applicability of a given model on a new dataset rely on the dataset having the “ground truth” labels. However, in many scenarios, especially those involving coalition edge operations, labeling the new datasets is costly or not feasible. As a result, model predictions based on anomalous data inputs may lead to erroneous predictions and faulty downstream decisions. This paper presents a novel unsupervised algorithm for detecting whether or not a given input to a deployed model is anomalous, without requiring the input to be labeled. Further, a practical approach for discovering new emerging classes in the edge environment is presented. The algorithm is evaluated on the MNIST character recognition dataset. The results show that the anomaly detection algorithm catches 93 % of the anomalies when the model is deployed in a new domain. Further, only 1.5% of the normal inputs are falsely identified as anomalies. Via existing clustering techniques, we also show the effectiveness of our algorithm in discovering new classes from the anomalous inputs.
Genetic Tumor Syndromes with Endocrine Involvement: A Compendium and an Update. (2019)

Many hereditary and sporadic tumor and other syndromes are associated with endocrine functional and or structural abnormalities. The last few decades have yielded advancements in the field with improvements in diagnostic testing, screening guidelines and novel treatment options. In general, endocrine functional abnormalities and neoplasms share an early age of onset. There remains room for improvement as limited literature exists regarding clinical course, prognosis, and screening for earlier cancer detection. This should allow for more timely intervention, and possibly improved outcomes. The aim of this article is to summarize the current knowledge about prevalence, clinical course, and prognosis of functional and structural pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal abnormalities in patients with 17 known syndromic, mostly tumor-predisposing, diseases, wherever possible, we review screening recommendations.
Diastereoselective Baylis-Hillmanreaction: Use of Sugar Derived Aldehydes as Chiral Electrophiles (2003)

The asymmetric Baylis-Hillman reaction of sugar-derived aldehydes as chiral electrophiles with an activated olefin in dioxane: water (1:1) with 36-86% de and in good yields is described.
Surface IgG content of murine hybridomas: Direct evidence for variation of antibody secretion rates during the cell cycle (1995)

Previous experiments have shown that population average surface lgG content is correlated with the specific antibody production rates of batch hybridoma cultures. Therefore, surface associated lgG content of single hybridoma cells might indicate antibody secretion rates of individual cells. Moreover, the surface lgG content should reflect the pattern of secretion rates during the cell cycle. To probe for lgG secretion rates during the cellcycle, a double staining procedure has been developed allowing simultaneousflow cytometric analysis of surface lgG content and DNA content of murine hybridoma cells. Crosslinking of the surface associated immunofluorescence with the cell by paraformaldehyde fixation permits subsequent DNA staining without loss of immunofluorescence. The optimized protocol has been used to determine the pattern of the surface lgG fluorescence as a function of the cell cycle position. It is highest during the G2+M cell cycle phase and the experimental data are in excellent agreement with the previously predicted secretion pattern during the cell cycle. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Sparse Coding with Enhanced Atom Selection for FDD Massive MIMO Channel Estimation (2021)

In sparse coding-based channel estimation, atom selection is based on jointly minimizing the sparsity and the error of the representation of the noisy measurement. However, this selection is not necessarily optimal in terms of minimizing the channel estimation error. This calls for better ways of atom selection. Accordingly, we propose an algorithm for improved atom selection in sparse coding for frequency division duplex (FDD) massive multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) downlink channel estimation. The proposed algorithm performs iterative atom selection based on two residuals. First is the received signal residual used to guide on a small selection pool of candidate atoms. Second is the residual of an initial channel estimate which is used to pick the best atom within the selection pool. Simulation results show the advantage of the proposed algorithm over standard sparse coding-based channel estimation. Moreover, the proposed algorithm eliminates the need for cell-specific trained dictionaries without sacrificing the performance. Furthermore, the proposed sparse coding can be applied in the process of dictionary learning to train for improved dictionaries achieving further performance enhancement.
The TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort: Introduction (2013)

Nichols, J. J., Jones, L., Nelson, J. D., Stapleton, F., Sullivan, D. A., &amp; Willcox, M. D. P. (2013). The TFOS International Workshop on Contact Lens Discomfort: Introduction. Investigative Opthalmology &amp; Visual Science, 54(11), TFOS1. https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.13-13195
Electron microscopic immunostaining of kallikrein in rat submandibular glands. (1983)

The subcellular localization of glandular kallikrein in ducts and tubules of the rat submandibular gland was determined using a postembedding immunostaining (peroxidase--antiperoxidase) technique on thin sections of Eponembedded tissue. Kallikrein was found in large granules of granular convoluted tubule cells and in small, apical granules of striated duct cells. It was also present in patchy aggregates along the surface of striated duct cells and intercalated duct cells, but not in granules of the latter. Basal dense bodies (lysosomes?) of granular tubules also stained for kallikrein. Absorption of kallikrein antiserum with rat urinary kallikrein, but not with rat urinary esterase A, abolished the specific immunostaining in these sites.
Paisajes, gentes, poderes, economía del Casentino en los últimos siglos de la Edad Media (2012)

En el Casentino, un valle definido claramente por sus características naturales, de monjes y frailes franciscanos, pero ya anteriormente y por siempre territorio de bellísimas pievi románicas, es oportuno añadir el Casentino de los poderes señoriales, los del obispo de Arezzo, sobretodo los de los condes Guidi, cuyos poderes se extendían a Romagna y que habían estado también presentes en el territorio pistoies, junto a los de algunos monasterios o señoríos menores. También más allá del Casentino religioso, feudal, agrícola, ganadero, caracterizado por los bosques y prados, está el que recogió y nos legó Dante. Él nos dice muchas otras cosas, hasta el punto que se puede colocar al valle en una de las áreas geográficas y humanas más observadas por él y tal vez más amadas, y más agudamente descritas. Pero quiero hacer también referencia a Dante con otro objetivo y por un hecho menos conocido, la utilización, de parte mía, de un modesto poema anónimo redactado por un monje u oblato camaldulense originario de Bibbiena entre el 1453 y el 1473 sobre la sugestión de las tercerillas dantescas, y con la intención de presentar el valle al lector. Un Casentino que ya no será el Casentino de Dante.
Channel Identification with Linear Time-Varying Channel Model for Pilot Channel Aided DS/CDMA Systems (2006)

A new channel identification algorithm using both pilot and traffic channels is proposed. It is based on the linear modelling for the fading channel and takes the form of a modified recursive least-squares (RLS) algorithm. Its existence is also analyzed. It will be shown through computer simulation that the proposed algorithm is robust to the variation of the channel fade rate in a mean square error (MSE) sense.