gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Calcium channel antagonists and human immunodeficiency virus coat protein–mediated neuronal injury (1991)

Recent evidence in vitro has suggested that neuronal injury observed in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome dementia complex may depend, at least in part, on toxic effects of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope protein, gp120. This laboratory previously reported that members of the dihydropyridine class of calcium channel antagonists, nimodipine and nifedipine, greatly attenuate the rise in intracellular calcium engendered by gp120 and prevent subsequent neuronal injury. The relatively low (nanomolar) concentrations of dihydropyridines that were effective suggested that their action might be exerted at the level of the L-type of voltage-dependent calcium channels. In the present study, I tested members of the three other major classes of Ca2+ channel antagonist drugs to determine if they too could prevent neurotoxicity induced by gp120. At the maximal dose that did not cause neuronal damage in and of itself, a diphenylalkylamine piperazine derivative (flunarizine, 10 microM) was the most effective, a phenylalkylamine (verapamil, 100 microM) was possibly effective, whereas a benzothiazepine (diltiazem, 1 microM) was ineffectual in protecting rat retinal ganglion cells from gp120-induced toxicity in vitro. To explain these results, previous work has shown that the various classes of Ca2+ channel antagonists may exhibit differential potency in blocking voltage-dependent Ca2+ current in neurons, with dihydropyridines and flunarizine being the most potent at neuronal calcium channels. Moreover, these channels on mammalian central neurons are relatively insensitive to agents such as verapamil and diltiazem compared with other cell types like muscle. The low micromolar concentrations necessary for potency of flunarizine is in keeping with that predicted by binding and electrophysiological studies for block of voltage-dependent calcium channels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Spectral Fingerprinting of Individual Cells Visualized by Cavity-Reflection-Enhanced Light-Absorption Microscopy (2015)

The absorption spectrum of light is known to be a "molecular fingerprint" that enables analysis of the molecular type and its amount. It would be useful to measure the absorption spectrum in single cell in order to investigate the cellular status. However, cells are too thin for their absorption spectrum to be measured. In this study, we developed an optical-cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopic microscopy method for two-dimensional absorption imaging. The light absorption is enhanced by an optical cavity system, which allows the detection of the absorption spectrum with samples having an optical path length as small as 10 μm, at a subcellular spatial resolution. Principal component analysis of various types of cultured mammalian cells indicates absorption-based cellular diversity. Interestingly, this diversity is observed among not only different species but also identical cell types. Furthermore, this microscopy technique allows us to observe frozen sections of tissue samples without any staining and is capable of label-free biopsy. Thus, our microscopy method opens the door for imaging the absorption spectra of biological samples and thereby detecting the individuality of cells.
P-D3 Crystal structures of small-molecules HIV-1 entry ihibitor, BMS-378806 and BMS-626529, bound to BG505 SOSIP.664 HIV-1 Env trimer reveal an allosteric competitive etry inhibition mechanism (2017)

JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes​ seeks to end the HIV epidemic by presenting important new science across all disciplines that advance our understanding of the biology, treatment and prevention of HIV infection worldwide. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the trusted, interdisciplinary resource for HIV- and AIDS-related information with a strong focus on basic and translational science, clinical science, and epidemiology and prevention. Co-edited by the foremost leaders in clinical virology, molecular biology, and epidemiology, JAIDS publishes vital information on the advances in diagnosis and treatment of HIV infections, as well as the latest research in the development of therapeutics and vaccine approaches. This ground-breaking journal brings together rigorously peer-reviewed articles, reviews of current research, results of clinical trials, and epidemiologic reports from around the world.
Interaction laser dans les verres et processus Optiques Non Linéaires (2007)

High power laser has developed the interest on nonlinear optical properties of glasses such as ultra fast intensity-dependent index, third harmonic generation, stimulated Raman, second harmonic generation, multiphoton absorption...
Carrier Cooling in Colloidal Quantum Wells (2012)

It has recently become possible to chemically synthesize atomically flat semiconductor nanoplatelets with monolayer-precision control over the platelet thickness. It has been suggested that these platelets are quantum wells; that is, carriers in these platelets are confined in one dimension but are free to move in the other two dimensions. Here, we report time-resolved photoluminescence and transient-absorption measurements of carrier relaxation that confirm the quantum-well nature of these nanomaterials. Excitation of the nanoplatelets by an intense laser pulse results in the formation of a high-temperature carrier population that cools back down to ambient temperature on the time scale of several picoseconds. The rapid carrier cooling indicates that the platelets are well-suited for optoelectronic applications such as lasers and modulators.
Asymmetric Resilience: Exploiting Task-Level Idempotency for Transient Error Recovery in Accelerator-Based Systems (2020)

Accelerators make the task of building systems that are re-silient against transient errors like voltage noise and soft errors hard. Architects integrate accelerators into the system as black box third-party IP components. So a fault in one or more accelerators may threaten the system's reliability if there are no established failure semantics for how an error propagates from the accelerator to the main CPU. Existing solutions that assure system reliability come at the cost of sacrificing accelerator generality, efficiency, and incur significant overhead, even in the absence of errors. To over-come these drawbacks, we examine reliability management of accelerator systems via hardware-software co-design, coupling an efficient architecture design with compiler and run-time support, to cope with transient errors. We introduce asymmetric resilience that architects reliability at the system level, centered around a hardened CPU, rather than at the accelerator level. At runtime, the system exploits task-level idempotency to contain accelerator errors and use memory protection instead of taking checkpoints to mitigate over-heads. We also leverage the fact that errors rarely occur in systems, and exploit the trade-off between error recovery performance and improved error-free performance to enhance system efficiency. Using GPUs, which are at the fore-front of accelerator systems, we demonstrate how our system architecture manages reliability in both integrated and discrete systems, under voltage-noise and soft-error related faults, leading to extremely low overhead (less than 1%) and substantial gains (20% energy savings on average).
Microfluidically fabricated pH-responsive anionic amphiphilic microgels for drug release (2015)

Amphiphilic microgels of different composition based on the hydrophilic, pH-responsive acrylic acid (AA) and the hydrophobic, non-ionic n-butyl acrylate (BuA) were synthesised using a lab-on-a-chip device. Hydrophobic droplets were generated via a microfluidic platform that contained a protected form of AA, BuA, the hydrophobic crosslinker, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA), and a free radical initiator in an organic solvent. These hydrophobic droplets were photopolymerised within the microfluidic channels and subsequently hydrolysed, enabling an integrated platform for the rapid, automated, and in situ production of anionic amphiphilic microgels. The amphiphilic microgels did not feature the conventional core-shell structure but were instead based on random amphiphilic copolymers of AA and BuA and hydrophobic crosslinks. Due to their amphiphilic nature they were able to encapsulate and deliver both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties. The model drug delivery and the swelling ability of the microgels were influenced by the pH of the surrounding aqueous solution and the hydrophobic content of the microgels.
801 The anti-tumor efficacy of immunogenic chemotherapy is enhanced by the dual A2aR/A2bR antagonist etrumadenant, relieving the necessity for an extended chemotherapy regimen (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> Generation of extracellular adenosine is a hallmark of cancerous tissue and drives immunosuppression that facilitates tumor growth/survival. Chemotherapy releases adenosine triphosphate into the tumor microenvironment, where it is rapidly converted into adenosine, primarily by the ectoenzymes CD39 and CD73. Recent studies have demonstrated that certain chemotherapies can enhance the expression of tumoral CD73, suggesting that inhibition of adenosine generation and/or signaling might enhance the immune-activating and anti-tumor effects of those chemotherapeutic agents. Indeed, our preclinical studies with the dual A<sub>2a</sub>R/A<sub>2b</sub>R antagonist etrumadenant (etruma) have shown a marked ability to suppress mouse syngeneic tumor growth and enhance intra-tumoral T cell infiltration when combined with immunogenic chemotherapies. Various etruma/chemotherapy combinations are currently being studied in clinical trials. We have investigated the capacity of etruma to drive enhanced tumor control and immune activation in mouse tumor models, in combination with lower chemotherapy doses or reduced dosing regimens. <h3>Methods</h3> Mice were inoculated with either AT3-OVA or 4T1 syngeneic cancer cell lines. Mice with established tumors were dosed with oxaliplatin or doxorubicin, alone or in combination with etruma and the effects of the various treatments on tumor growth were assessed. Tumors were removed for histologic analysis or analysis of immune cell infiltration by flow cytometry. <h3>Results</h3> Etruma increased anti-tumoral activity and tumor infiltration of antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells across a dose range of oxaliplatin using the AT3-OVA mammary cancer model. Similar results were also found using the 4T1 model, a strongly CD73<sup>+</sup> tumor, in which a combination of etruma with doxorubicin showed a reduction in both primary tumor growth and metastatic tumor burden. Following these results, we investigated whether a shorter course of chemotherapy could provide similar therapeutic benefit in combination with etruma. Using the AT3-OVA model, etruma significantly enhanced the efficacy of doxorubicin at both low and higher doses (3 vs 5 mg/kg). Interestingly, a shorter course of doxorubicin (2 doses) in combination with etruma provided similar efficacy and was statistically indistinguishable from the full course of chemotherapy (4 doses), indicating that the greatest therapeutic benefit of chemotherapy, when combined with etruma, may result from the initial, priming, doses of chemotherapy. <h3>Conclusions</h3> These findings demonstrate a clear benefit for etruma combinations with chemotherapeutic agents in preclinical models. Furthermore, our most recent studies suggest that a truncated course of immunogenic chemotherapy plus etruma may be sufficient to enhance immune activation and yield similar anti-tumor effects as a full course of chemotherapy.
Real-time triangulation matting using passive polarization (2006)

Blue screen matting separates foreground and background elements of video for special effects shots. It balances the benefit of real-time performance against the drawbacks of blue light spill through-out the scene. In this sketch we replace the traditional blue screen with a gray, polarized one, and film the scene with a single camera containing two differently-polarized sensors. For each frame, this camera simultaneously captures an image of the actor against an apparently black background and an apparently gray background. From these two images we can triangulate the foreground color and matte; this is an extension of a mathematically similar idea by Smith and Blinn that was previously applicable only to static scenes.Our new method operates in real-time on video. It has comparable controls and setup to blue-screen matting, which is the de facto standard for practicality. Unlike blue-screen matting, our gray screen does not impact the illumination color of the scene.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends from The SMARCA2/4 ATPase Domain Surpasses the Bromodomain as a Drug Target in SWI/SNF-Mutant Cancers: Insights from cDNA Rescue and PFI-3 Inhibitor Studies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Theoretical model for en face optical coherence tomography imaging and its application to volumetric differential contrast imaging (2023)

A new formulation of the lateral imaging process of point-scanning optical coherence tomography (OCT) and a new differential contrast method designed by using this formulation are presented. The formulation is based on a mathematical sample model called the dispersed scatterer model (DSM), in which the sample is represented as a material with a spatially slowly varying refractive index and randomly distributed scatterers embedded in the material. It is shown that the formulation represents a meaningful OCT image and speckle as two independent mathematical quantities. The new differential contrast method is based on complex signal processing of OCT images, and the physical and numerical imaging processes of this method are jointly formulated using the same theoretical strategy as in the case of OCT. The formula shows that the method provides a spatially differential image of the sample structure. This differential imaging method is validated by measuring <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> samples.
Spin‐Controlled Helical Quantum Sieve Chiral Spectrometer (2023)

This article reports on a molecular-spin-sensitive-antenna (MSSA) that is based on stacked layers of organically functionalized graphene on a fibrous helical cellulose network for carrying out spatiotemporal identification of chiral enantiomers. The MSSA structures combine three complementary features: (i) chiral separation via a helical quantum sieve for chiral trapping, (ii) chiral recognition by a synthetically implanted spin-sensitive center in a graphitic lattice; and (iii) chiral selectivity by a chirality-induced-spin mechanism that polarizes the local electronic band-structure in graphene through chiral-activated Rashba spin-orbit interaction field. Combining the MSSA structures with decision-making principles based on neuromorphic artificial intelligence shows fast, portable, and wearable spectrometry for the detection and classification of pure and a mixture of chiral molecules, such as butanol (S and R), limonene (S and R), and xylene isomers, with 95-98% accuracy. These results can have a broad impact where the MSSA approach is central as a precautionary risk assessment against potential hazards impacting human health and the environment due to chiral molecules; furthermore, it acts as a dynamic monitoring tool of all parts of the chiral molecule life cycles.
An evaluation of posterior modeling techniques for phonetic recognition (2013)

Several methods have been proposed recently for modeling posterior representations derived from local classifiers [1, 2]. In recent work, Sainath et al. have proposed the use of a tied-mixture-based posterior modeling approach [3] to enhance exemplar-based posterior representations for phone recognition tasks. In this work, we conduct a detailed evaluation to determine the effectiveness of this technique on three representative posterior systems. In addition, we propose and evaluate an alternative discriminative formulation of the posterior modeling objective function that seeks to minimize framelevel errors. In experimental evaluations on the TIMIT corpus, we find that posterior modeling results in relative phone error rate (PER) reductions of between 1.1-5.5% across the systems tested. In fact, using S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pif</sub> -NN [4, 3] posteriors, we are able to achieve a PER of 18.5; to the best of our knowledge, this is the best result reported in the literature to date. minimize framelevel errors.
High Forward Thrust Metasurface Beam-Riding Sail (2023)

The radiation pressure force and torque on a one-dimensional bi-grating composed of a Si-SiO_2 high contrast binary metagrating is analyzed for the purpose of stable beam riding whereupon a high power laser having an expanding Gaussian irradiance distribution propels the grating in outer space, free from gravitational forces. The binary metagrating structure has been simultaneously optimized to afford high forward thrust, and corrective restoring forces and torques in the event of small linear and angular disturbances. We demonstrate that stability may be enhanced at the expense of forward thrust. The validity of our metamaterial findings is reinforced owing to good agreements between finite-difference time-domain and finite element numerical methods. To reduce mass and enhance forward acceleration this laser-driven sail was designed to be free of a stabilizing boom.
Audio-visual scene analysis in conditions with head- and eye-steered beamformers in virtual reality (2023)

In crowded social settings, listeners often face the challenge of following a conversation in the presence of other conversations. Several factors influence the difficulty of this task, including the number of talkers, the amount of reverberation, and the hearing status. Beamformers in hearing aids have the potential to mitigate these factors by improving the signal-to-noise ratio, but their effectiveness in real-world settings has not yet been clearly demonstrated. Here, we used virtual reality to investigate the effect of head- and eye-steered beamformers on the ability of participants to analyze complex audio-visual scenes. The participants’ task was to find and locate an ongoing story in a mixture of other stories in scenes differing in terms of the number of concurrent talkers and the amount of reverberation. The talkers were distributed in the frontal hemisphere between ±105°. The primary outcome measure was the time taken to identify the location of the target talker. Preliminary results show shorter response times with beamforming (in comparison to an omnidirectional setting), especially when more talkers were present. This framework provides a new means for examining the effects of hearing technologies on behavior in complex audio-visual scenes.
Porous carbon nanowire array for highly sensitive, biocompatible, reproducible surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2019)

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful tool for vibrational spectroscopy as it provides several orders of magnitude higher sensitivity than inherently weak spontaneous Raman scattering by exciting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) on metal substrates. However, SERS is not very reliable, especially for use in life sciences, since it sacrifices reproducibility and biocompatibility due to its strong dependence on "hot spots" and large photothermal heat generation. Here we report a metal-free (i.e., LSPR-free), topologically tailored nanostructure composed of porous carbon nanowires in an array as a SERS substrate that addresses the decades-old problem. Specifically, it offers not only high signal enhancement due to its strong broadband charge-transfer resonance, but also extraordinarily high reproducibility or substrate-to-substrate, spot-to-spot, sample-to-sample, and time-to-time consistency in SERS spectrum due to the absence of hot spots and high compatibility to biomolecules due to its fluorescence quenching and negligible denaturation capabilities. These excellent properties make SERS suitable for practical use in diverse biomedical applications.
Depth of Field With Multi-Aperture LWIR Imagers (2007)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Portnoy, M. Shankar, N. Pitsianis, D. Brady, R. Gibbons, A. Silver, D. Keller, C. Chen, and D. Prather, "Depth of Field With Multi-Aperture LWIR Imagers," in Frontiers in Optics 2007/Laser Science XXIII/Organic Materials and Devices for Displays and Energy Conversion, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2007), paper FThQ1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Pathway to 50% Brake Thermal Efficiency Using Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Continued improvement in the combustion process of internal combustion engines is necessary to reduce fuel consumption, CO2 emissions, and criteria emissions for automotive transportation around the world. In this paper, test results for the Gen3X Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) engine are presented. The engine is a 2.2L, four-cylinder, double overhead cam engine with compression ratio ~17. It features a “wetless” combustion system with a high-pressure direct injection fuel system. At low load, exhaust rebreathing and increased intake air temperature were used to promote autoignition and elevate exhaust temperatures to maintain high catalyst conversion efficiency. For medium-to-high loads, a new GDCI-diffusion combustion strategy was combined with advanced single-stage turbocharging to produce excellent low-end torque and power. Time-to-torque (TT) simulations indicated 90% load response in less than 1.5 seconds without a supercharger. For cold starts, the engine is equipped with a fast 2.5kW electric air heater positioned upstream of the intake valves. No spark plugs are used.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dynamometer tests indicated excellent fuel efficiency over the operating map. Minimum BSFC of 194 g/kWh (BTE 43%) was measured at 1750rpm- 12bar IMEP with BSFC less than 210 (40% BTE) over a very wide operating region. The GDCI engine operates on US pump gasoline (RON91) and is ideal for down speeding and uploading for improved vehicle fuel economy. New simulations showed that potentially 48% BTE could be achieved through use of thermal barrier coatings and other improvements to the engine (Gen4X engine).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Vehicle simulations were performed at Argonne using the Gen3X engine map for a midsize sedan, SUVs, and a pickup truck. Results indicated a 36 to 51% improvement in combined FTP fuel economy over a competitive 2015 1.6L turbocharged GDi engine equipped with intake variable valve lift. The simulations showed that the Gen3X engine with 12V start/stop or mild hybridization can compete with full hybrid powertrains in various vehicle segments.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;