gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Giant Micelles and Shampoos (2007)

Shampoos are the most important hair care products in terms of volume. More than 4 billion bottles, manufactured and marketed by several hundred companies, are sold annually around the world. A shampoo is generally presented as a liquid, gel, or cream. The primary function of a shampoo is to clean the hair and the scalp. The primary function of shampoos rests on the use of synthetic detergents. Careful selection is essential because they set the washing power and for a large part the quality of the foam, as well as the level of eye and skin tolerance of the composition. The “secondary” functions of hair conditioning are provided nowadays in high performance shampoos by two major types of ingredients used alone or combined, that is, cationic polyelectrolytes and silicone oils. Shampoos can also contain thickening polymers such as cross-linked poly-acrylic acids or certain polysaccharides. Finally, shampoos also contain perfume and agents for bacteriological protection.
Bend-resistant, single-stage, S-band erbium-doped photonic crystal fiber amplifiers (2009)

We present design guidelines to achieve ∼ 50-dB of gain with an average gain value of 26-dB over 70-nm bandwidth in a 7.2-m long erbium-doped depressed-cladding photonic crystal fiber amplifier showing bend-resistant functionality.
Energy measurement in nonlinearly coupled nanomechanical modes (2011)

We report direct measurements of average vibration energy in a high frequency flexural resonance mode achieved via an-harmonic elastic coupling to a fundamental vibration mode of a nanomechanical resonator. The second order coupling effect produces a frequency shift of the read-out mode as a function of the mean square of the excitation amplitude of the high order mode. We measure frequency shifts at the lowest driving amplitudes, down to the noise floor of the experimental setup. With implementation of existing ultra-sensitive amplifiers, the reported technique will enable direct measurements of quantized energy transitions in low-thermal occupation number nanomechanical resonators.
Measuring the predictability of life outcomes with a scientific mass collaboration (2020)

How predictable are life trajectories? We investigated this question with a scientific mass collaboration using the common task method; 160 teams built predictive models for six life outcomes using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a high-quality birth cohort study. Despite using a rich dataset and applying machine-learning methods optimized for prediction, the best predictions were not very accurate and were only slightly better than those from a simple benchmark model. Within each outcome, prediction error was strongly associated with the family being predicted and weakly associated with the technique used to generate the prediction. Overall, these results suggest practical limits to the predictability of life outcomes in some settings and illustrate the value of mass collaborations in the social sciences.
Patient Perception and Use of an Insulin Injector/Glucose Monitor Combined Device (2004)

Use of the combination device was associated with significant improvements in patient treatment satisfaction.
New calibration and evaluation method for PET scanners using point-like radioactive sources (2010)

Objective: In order to improve the convenience and reliability of the calibration procedure with respect to the quantitative aspects of PET scanners, we have been developing new methods that rely on the use of point-like radioactive sources. The aim of this study is to report the results of the application of the proposed method for obtaining the cross-calibration factors (CCFs) of a clinical PET scanner for the first time. Methods: A <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sup> Na point-like source was moved in the axial direction to cover the axial field-of-view (FOV) of a commercial PET scanner, SET-2400W (Shimadzu). From reconstructed images, saturated regions-of-interest (ROI) values were used to calculate the CCFs that were defined slice by slice. Results: It was possible to obtain CCFs that were practically equivalent to those obtained by the standard method with cylindrical water phantoms. The variations in the CCFs obtained over about a half-year were well reproduced by the proposed method. Conclusion: The proposed calibration method, which is based on the use of a point-like radioactive source, is useful for determining CCFs and their variations for a clinical PET scanner.
The monobactam LYS228: mode of action and mechanisms decreasing in vitro susceptibility of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (2018)

The monobactam chemical scaffold is attractive for the development of new agents to treat infections caused by drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria since it is stable to metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). However, the clinically used monobactam aztreonam lacks stability to serine β-lactamases (SBLs) that are often co-expressed with MBLs. The novel monobactam LYS228 is stable to MBLs and most SBLs. LYS228 bound purified Escherichia coli penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3) similarly to ATM (k2/Kd = 367504 s-1M-1 and 409229 s-1M-1, respectively) according to stopped-flow fluorimetry. A gel-based PBP binding assay showed that LYS228 bound mainly to E. coli PBP3, with weaker binding to PBP1a and PBP1b. Exposing E. coli cells to LYS228 caused filamentation, consistent with cell division defects resulting from inhibition of PBP3. No single-step mutants were selected from twelve Enterobacteriaceae strains expressing different classes of β-lactamases at 8X the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of LYS228 (frequency <2.5x10-9). At 4X the MIC, mutants were selected from two of twelve strains at frequencies of 1.8x10-7 and 4.2x10-9. LYS228 MICs were ≤ 2 μg/mL against all mutants. These frequencies compared favorably to those obtained with meropenem and tigecycline. Mutations decreasing LYS228 susceptibility occurred in ramR and cpxA (Klebsiella pneumoniae) and baeS (E. coli and K. pneumoniae). Susceptibility of E. coli ATCC 25922 to LYS228 decreased 256-fold (MIC 0.125 to 32 µg/mL) after 20 serial passages. Mutants had accumulated mutations in ftsI (encoding the target, PBP3), baeR, acrD, envZ, sucB and rfaI. These results support the continued development of LYS228, which is currently undergoing Phase II clinical trials for complicated intraabdominal infection and complicated urinary tract infection (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03354754).
Human Cytomegalovirus Inhibits IFN-α-Stimulated Antiviral and Immunoregulatory Responses by Blocking Multiple Levels of IFN-α Signal Transduction (1999)

Abstract The type I IFNs represent a primordial, tightly regulated defense system against acute viral infection. IFN-α confers resistance to viral infection by activating a conserved signal transduction pathway that up-regulates direct antiviral effectors and induces immunomodulatory activities. Given the critical role of IFN-α in anti-human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immunity and the profound ability of HCMV to escape the host immune response, we hypothesized that HCMV blocks IFN-α-stimulated responses by disrupting multiple levels of the IFN-α signal transduction pathway. We demonstrate that HCMV inhibits IFN-α-stimulated MHC class I, IFN regulatory factor-1, MxA and 2′,5-oligoadenylate synthetase gene expression, transcription factor activation, and signaling in infected fibroblasts and endothelial cells by decreasing the expression of Janus kinase 1 and p48, two essential components of the IFN-α signal transduction pathway. This investigation is the first to report inhibition of type I IFN signaling by a herpesvirus. We propose that this novel immune escape mechanism is a major means by which HCMV is capable of escaping host immunity and establishing persistence.
Extending the mass range of the quadrupole ion trap using axial modulation (1989)

Abstract Secondary‐ion mass spectrometry, using Cs + ion bombardment of solid and liquid matrices, has been implemented on a quadrupole ion trap. Tetraalkylammonium cations and protonated peptides, generated in an external source using a pulsed primary‐ion beam, are injected into the ion trap where they are decelerated and trapped in the course of collisions with the helium bath gas. The contents of the trap are then examined by recording a mass spectrum using the mass‐selective instability scan. To improve performance in the examination of these trapped ions, the technique of axial modulation is used to cause resonance ejection of ions from the trap during the mass‐analysis step. The supplementary AC voltage applied to the end‐caps causes resonant ejection of ions at q z values below those which correspond to the normal stability limit. This is demonstrated to increase the mass limit of a commercial ion trap from 650 Da to approximately 1300 Da with no loss in resolution or sensitivity, and to more than 20 000 Da at reduced sensitivity.
Tailoring the biodegradability of porous silicon nanoparticles (2012)

Porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs) are attractive carriers for targeted drug delivery in nanomedicine. For in vivo applications, the biodegradation property of PSiNPs provides a pathway for their safe clearance from the body. Particles sizes of 80-120 nm are of particular interest as they are important for cellular applications, such as drug delivery for cancer therapy, because these nanoparticles can take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect to deliver drug preferentially to tumors with leaky vasculature, yet large enough to avoid renal clearance. However, the biodegradability rate of such particles is often too fast, which limits particle half-life and potentially reduces their in vivo delivery efficiency. In this work, we focus on the degradation of nanoscale particles and study the effect of both thermal oxidation and silica coating on the stability of PSiNPs in phosphate buffered saline solution (a close mimic of a basic biological fluid). Using thermal oxidation, the half-life of PSiNPs can be varied from 10 min up to 3 h. Using silica coating, the half-life can be extended further to 8 h. The particles produced using both these techniques can be functionalized using standard silica surface chemistries developed for applications in drug delivery.
The Discovery and Characterization of ML218: A Novel, Centrally Active T-Type Calcium Channel Inhibitor with Robust Effects in STN Neurons and in a Rodent Model of Parkinson’s Disease (2011)

T-type Ca(2+) channel inhibitors hold tremendous therapeutic potential for the treatment of pain, epilepsy, sleep disorders, essential tremor and other neurological disorders; however, a lack of truly selective tools has hindered basic research, and selective tools from the pharmaceutical industry are potentially burdened with intellectual property (IP) constraints. Thus, an MLPCN high-throughput screen (HTS) was conducted to identify novel T-type Ca(2+) channel inhibitors free from IP constraints, and freely available through the MLPCN, for use by the biomedical community to study T-type Ca(2+) channels. While the HTS provided numerous hits, these compounds could not be optimized to the required level of potency to be appropriate tool compounds. Therefore, a scaffold hopping approach, guided by SurflexSim, ultimately afforded ML218 (CID 45115620) a selective T-Type Ca(2+) (Ca(v)3.1, Ca(v)3.2, Ca(v)3.3) inhibitor (Ca(v)3.2, IC(50) = 150 nM in Ca(2+) flux; Ca(v)3.2 IC(50) = 310 nM and Ca(v)3.3 IC(50) = 270 nM, respectively in patch clamp electrophysiology) with good DMPK properties, acceptable in vivo rat PK and excellent brain levels. Electrophysiology studies in subthalamic nucleus (STN) neurons demonstrated robust effects of ML218 on the inhibition of T-Type calcium current, inhibition of low threshold spike and rebound burst activity. Based on the basal ganglia circuitry in Parkinson's disease (PD), the effects of ML218 in STN neurons suggest a therapeutic role for T-type Ca(2+) channel inhibitors, and ML218 was found to be orally efficacious in haloperidol-induced catalepsy, a preclinical PD model, with comparable efficacy to an A(2A) antagonist, a clinically validated PD target. ML218 proves to be a powerful new probe to study T-Type Ca(2+) function in vitro and in vivo, and freely available.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of C‐Ribo‐Nucleosides Having Typical Aromatic Heterocycles as Base Moiety. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Loss-coupled DFB nano-ridge laser monolithically grown on a standard 300-mm Si wafer (2021)

We present a loss-coupled distributed feedback microlaser, monolithically grown on a standard 300-mm Si wafer using nano-ridge engineering. The cavity is formed by integrating a metallic grating on top of the nano-ridge. This allows forming a laser cavity without etching the III-V material, avoiding damaged interfaces and the associated carrier loss. Simulations, supported by experimental characterisation of the modal gain of the nano-ridge devices, predict an optimal duty cycle for the grating of ~0.4, providing a good trade-off between coupling strength and cavity loss for the lasing mode. The model was experimentally verified by characterising the lasing threshold and external efficiency of devices exhibiting gratings with varying duty cycle. The high modal gain and low threshold obtained prove the excellent quality of the epitaxial material. Furthermore, the low loss metal grating might provide a future route to electrical injection and efficient heat dissipation of these nanoscale devices.
Acoustically Mediated Microwave-to-Optical Conversion on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate (2020)

Taking advantage of the strong piezoelectricity of lithium niobate (LN) and the high-quality ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Q$</tex> ) -factor acoustic resonator around 3 GHz, on-chip microwave-to-optical conversion is demonstrated by our integrated acousto-optic Mach-Zehnder modulator on suspended LN thin film. Our devices achieve microwave-to-acoustic coupling efficiencies of 90%, and the half-wave voltage of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$V_{\pi}=3.9\ \mathrm{V}$</tex> for only a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$400-\mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> modulation length at the telecommunication optical wavelength. This result gives the half-wave-voltage-length product <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$V_{\pi}L$</tex> , the figure of merit for optical modulator, as low as 0.15 V·cm, which is a 10-fold reduction over the start-of-the-art electro-optic modulators. In addition, our acoustic device demonstrates an acoustic <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$Q$</tex> factor of 3,600 at 3.3 GHz that results in a start-of-the-art acoustic frequency-quality product of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$fQ=10^{13}$</tex> at room-temperature.
Advanced full additive process for high density printed wiring boards (2003)

A description is given of a recently developed heat-resistant adhesive for the full additive process, which has been used successfully for the formation of excellent anchors without the use of synthetic rubber. An epoxy resin with excellent heat resistance and electrical insulating properties is used instead. The adhesive is prepared from an oxidizing-agent-soluble particulate epoxy resin and a heat-resistant epoxy resin solution, that is substantially insoluble in oxidizing agents. The adhesive is applied to an insulating substrate and cured to form an adhesive layer. The particulate epoxy resin on the surface of the cured layer is dissolved by an oxidizing agent to form fine anchors, whereby firm bonding between the unclad laminate and the conductor circuit can be achieved. Full-additive wiring boards made with this heat-resistant adhesive characteristically show high accuracy in high-density wiring, high electrical reliability, high bonding strength at high temperatures, and excellent soldering heat resistance and wire-bonding properties. It is suitable for making printed wiring boards with high density and high reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Triggers Transcription-Dependent, Late Phase Long-Term PotentiationIn Vivo (2002)

Acute intrahippocampal infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) leads to long-term potentiation (BDNF-LTP) of synaptic transmission at medial perforant path-->granule cell synapses in the rat dentate gyrus. Endogenous BDNF is implicated in the maintenance of high-frequency stimulation-induced LTP (HFS-LTP). However, the relationship between exogenous BDNF-LTP and HFS-LTP is unclear. First, we found that BDNF-LTP, like HFS-LTP, is associated with enhancement in both synaptic strength and granule cell excitability (EPSP-spike coupling). Second, treatment with a competitive NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist blocked HFS-LTP but had no effect on the development or magnitude of BDNF-LTP. Thus, NMDAR activation is not required for the induction or expression of BDNF-LTP. Formation of stable, late phase HFS-LTP requires mRNA synthesis and is coupled to upregulation of the immediate early gene activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc). Local infusion of the transcription inhibitor actinomycin D (ACD) 1 hr before or immediately before BDNF infusion inhibited BDNF-LTP and upregulation of Arc protein expression. ACD applied 2 hr after BDNF infusion had no effect, defining a critical time window of transcription-dependent synaptic strengthening. Finally, the functional role of BDNF-LTP was assessed in occlusion experiments with HFS-LTP. HFS-LTP was induced, and BDNF was infused at time points corresponding to early phase (1 hr) or late phase (4 hr) HFS-LTP. BDNF applied during the early phase led to normal BDNF-LTP. In contrast, BDNF-LTP was completely occluded during the late phase. The results strongly support a role for BDNF in triggering transcription-dependent, late phase LTP in the intact adult brain.
Dipole Antennas (2007)

Abstract Dipole antennas and their associated arrays are among the most common antennas used for communication systems and measurement of electric and magnetic fields. This article describes the basic nature of these antennas and some of their applications. Variations such as biconical and bow‐tie antennas, slot dipoles, folded dipoles, sleeve dipoles, and shunt‐fed dipoles are also described.
HCI remixed: At the intersection of graphics, vision, cool hardware, and mixed reality (2012)

Summary form only given. The Interreg IV project “Smart Resource-Aware Multi-Sensor Network (SRSnet)” <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> is coordinated, managed and disseminated by Lakeside Labs GmbH. The project is planned for three years and focuses on the design of a smart resource-aware multi-sensor network capable of autonomously detecting and localizing various events such as screams animal noise, tracks of persons and more complex human behaviours. The project's research areas include (i) collaborative audio and video analysis, (ii) complex event detection and (iii) network reconfiguration. The SRSnet will be demonstrated in a biologically sensitive environmental, namely in the Nationalpark Hohe Tauern.
Wound Healing Monitoring Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Fibrinogen (2014)

An imaging strategy is demonstrated to monitor wound healing using near-infrared fluorescent fibrinogen. The preliminary data show that applying this strategy in diabetic rats could provide crucial information for early intervention of wound care.
Early intervention with 3BNC117 and romidepsin at antiretroviral treatment initiation in people with HIV-1: a phase 1b/2a, randomized trial (2022)

Attempts to reduce the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir and induce antiretroviral therapy (ART)-free virologic control have largely been unsuccessful. In this phase 1b/2a, open-label, randomized controlled trial using a four-group factorial design, we investigated whether early intervention in newly diagnosed people with HIV-1 with a monoclonal anti-HIV-1 antibody with a CD4-binding site, 3BNC117, followed by a histone deacetylase inhibitor, romidepsin, shortly after ART initiation altered the course of HIV-1 infection ( NCT03041012 ). The trial was undertaken in five hospitals in Denmark and two hospitals in the United Kingdom. The coprimary endpoints were analysis of initial virus decay kinetics and changes in the frequency of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells containing intact HIV-1 provirus from baseline to day 365. Secondary endpoints included changes in the frequency of infected CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and virus-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity from baseline to day 365, pre-ART plasma HIV-1 3BNC117 sensitivity, safety and tolerability, and time to loss of virologic control during a 12-week analytical ART interruption that started at day 400. In 55 newly diagnosed people (5 females and 50 males) with HIV-1 who received random allocation treatment, we found that early 3BNC117 treatment with or without romidepsin enhanced plasma HIV-1 RNA decay rates compared to ART only. Furthermore, 3BNC117 treatment accelerated clearance of infected cells compared to ART only. All groups had significant reductions in the frequency of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells containing intact HIV-1 provirus. At day 365, early 3BNC117 + romidepsin was associated with enhanced HIV-1 Gag-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity compared to ART only. The observed virological and immunological effects of 3BNC117 were most pronounced in individuals whose pre-ART plasma HIV-1 envelope sequences were antibody sensitive. The results were not disaggregated by sex. Adverse events were mild to moderate and similar between the groups. During a 12-week analytical ART interruption among 20 participants, 3BNC117-treated individuals harboring sensitive viruses were significantly more likely to maintain ART-free virologic control than other participants. We conclude that 3BNC117 at ART initiation enhanced elimination of plasma viruses and infected cells, enhanced HIV-1-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> immunity and was associated with sustained ART-free virologic control among persons with 3BNC117-sensitive virus. These findings strongly support interventions administered at the time of ART initiation as a strategy to limit long-term HIV-1 persistence.
Two-Dimensional Phase Transition in Granular NbN Films (1981)

The resistance of several granular NbN films has been measured as a function of temperature as they approach the superconducting state. The lowest-resistance data deviate from earlier reported power-law behavior above a phase-ordering transition ${T}_{cj}$, but are consistent with the exponential expression describing the resistance above a two-dimensional phase-transition temperature, ${T}_{2\mathrm{D}}$, of the type proposed by Kosterlitz and Thouless. At ${T}_{2\mathrm{D}}$ a finite supercurrent appears.