gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simulation Assisted Design for an Additively Manufactured Autoclave Tool Accounting for an Anisotropic Expansion (2019)

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites have been used in Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) to decrease the distortion during the printing process and increase functional stiffness. These materials are also important for additively manufactured autoclave tooling which expands when exposed to the high temperatures of the operational cycle, causing the dimensions of the mold to differ from the targeted design. Since the reinforcing fibers generally align during the extrusion process, the thermal expansion of the composite along the deposition direction is restrained by fibers, whereas the thermal expansion perpendicular to the bead is largely unconstrained. This leads to an anisotropic expansion of the material that is dependent upon the local deposition path, which may be tortuous and complex. To obtain an accurate final part geometry during the autoclave process, a computational prediction of the thermal expansion of a tool is required to account for the complex extrusion deposition directions. A multi-step approach is presented that accounts for (1) anisotropic thermal expansion of the extruded bead, (2) the complex deposition directions, and (3) internal geometry determined by slicing software. The thermal expansion coefficient in the deposition direction and perpendicular to the deposition direction were measured at multiple locations in the test specimen. A revised model geometry was generated to achieve the target dimensions when accounting for thermal expansion.
Emulsifier-free emulsion copolymerization of styrene with two different amino-containing monomers: II. Surface and colloidal characterization (1997)

The colloidal and surface properties of copolymer latex particles prepared by batch emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization of styrene with two different amino-containing monomers (Amino Ethyl Methacrylate Hydrochloride (AEMH) and Vinyl Benzyl Amine Hydrochloride (VBAH)), and 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (V50) as initiator were investigated. The final particle size was found to decrease with increasing the functional monomer concentration. Different titration methods were used to quantify the surface amino (brought by the monomer) and amidino groups (originated from the initiator) on the latex particles. The same behavior was observed on both type of latexes: increasing the functional monomer concentration caused the surface amino groups density to increase from 0 to a plateau value at 8.2 μC/cm2, whereas the surface amidino groups density decreased from 18.5 to 2 μC/cm2. These results were confirmed by electrophoretic measurements and they corroborated those obtained in a previous kinetic study (Part 1) concerning the role of functional monomers as transfer agents. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2331–2342, 1997
HIV-associated Cryptococcal Meningitis: a Review of Novel Short-Course and Oral Therapies (2020)

Abstract Purpose of review HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis remains a significant public health problem in parts of Africa and Asia and a major cause of AIDS-related mortality, accounting for 15% of all AIDS-related deaths worldwide. Cryptococcal meningitis is uniformly fatal if untreated, and access to antifungal therapy in regions with the highest burden is often limited. Outcomes with fluconazole monotherapy are poor, and induction treatment with amphotericin B and high-dose fluconazole for 2 weeks is associated with significant drug-related toxicities and prolonged hospital admissions. This review focuses on the potential of novel short-course and oral combination therapies for cryptococcal meningitis. Recent findings Recent clinical trials have shown that shorter courses of amphotericin, if paired with oral flucytosine, rather than fluconazole, can achieve non-inferior mortality outcomes. In addition, an oral combination of fluconazole and flucytosine is a potential alternative. Liposomal amphotericin B may further simplify treatment; it is associated with fewer drug-related toxicities, and a recent phase II randomised controlled trial demonstrated that a single, high dose of liposomal amphotericin is non-inferior to 14 standard daily doses at clearing Cryptococcus from cerebrospinal fluid. This has been taken forward to an ongoing phase III, clinical endpoint study. Summary The incidence and mortality associated with cryptococcal meningitis is still unacceptably high. There is evidence supporting the use of short-course amphotericin B and oral combination antifungal treatment regimens for cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Ongoing research into short-course, high-dose treatment with liposomal amphotericin may also help reduce the impact of this devastating disease.
Highly articulated robotic probe for minimally invasive surgery (2008)

We have developed a novel highly articulated robotic probe (HARP) that can thread through tightly packed volumes without disturbing the surrounding tissues and organs. We use cardiac surgery as the focal application of this work. As such, we have designed the HARP to enter the pericardial cavity through a subxiphoid port. The surgeon can effectively reach remote intrapericardial locations on the epicardium and deliver therapeutic interventions under direct control. Our device differs from others in that we use conventional actuation and still have great maneuverability. We have performed proof-of-concept clinical experiments to give us preliminary validation of the ideas presented here.
Effect of Oil-Based-Mud Filtrate on the Wettability of Rock Surfaces with Different Mineralogy and Topology (2020)

One of the most crucial decisions in drilling operations is the choice between water-based mud (WBM) and oil-based mud (OBM). Although WBM is often preferred, mainly due to its low cost, OBM usage is on the rise in light of drilling deeper and increasingly more complex wells. A key disadvantage of using OBM is the effect of mud-filtrate invasion on formation properties in the near-wellbore region, which can complicate interpretation of petrophysical measurements. Rock surfaces for this study were prepared by grinding with silicon carbide powder and polishing with diamond paste. Surface roughness was quantified and OBM surfactant adsorption was visualized, both by atomic force microscopy. Wettability changes on the rock surfaces upon conditioning with surfactant, contained in OBM filtrate, were characterized by contact angle measurements. It was found that, regardless of surface roughness and lithology, conditioning of rock surfaces with low concentrations of surfactant, contained in OBM, resulted in surface alteration to more oil-wet, as shown in the current study for calcite, dolomite, quartz, and mica surfaces. When applied to porous media, this suggests that part of the capillary bound water in the invaded zone becomes more likely to be displaced by the hydrocarbon phase, a factor that needs to be considered when interpreting shallow reading petrophysical measurements.
Crystal structures of bis(terpyridyl)cobalt(II) thiocyanate dihydrate: an X-ray-induced phase transition? (1976)

The crystal structures of two phases (I) and (II) of the title compound have been determined by X-ray diffraction and refined by least squares to R 0.12 (I) and 0.064 (II) for 1 136 and 660 observed reflections. Crystals of both forms are triclinic, Z = 2, space group P(I)a= 20.821 (4). b= 9.119 (2), c= 8.700(2)Å, α= 91.41(2), β= 91.48(2), γ= 101.69(2)° : (II)a= 20.71(1), b= 9.036(5), c= 8.746(3)Å, α= 91.11(4), β= 91.19(4), γ= 104.29(5)°.Phase (II) with unit cell volume 30 Å3 less than for (I) appears to be produdced by X-ray-stimulated phase transition, which is accompained within the lattice by an ordering of one of the thiocyanate groups. The compound is a ‘crossover’ derivative and the central Co–N distances are longer (1.98 and 1.95 Å) than in the corresponding pseudo-isostructural bromide (1.89 Å) in which the proportion of the low-spin component is higher.
Tables of Glycosidase Inhibitors with Nitrogen in the Sugar Ring and Their Inhibitory Activities: Section 3.3–3.4 (1998)

This appendix contains sections titled: 3.3 Six-Membered Rings, C7 3.3.1 1,5-Iminoalditols 3.3.2 2,6-Iminoalditols 3.4 Six-Membered Rings, C8 and Higher
Electromagnetic waves in Faraday chiral media (1992)

Plane wave propagation in two kinds of Faraday chiral media, where Faraday rotation is combined with optical activity, is studied to examine methods of controlling chirality. The two types of media studied are magnetically biased chiroplasmas and chiroferrites. For propagation along the biasing magnetic field, four wavenumbers and two wave impedances are found which are dependent on the strength of the biasing field. Dispersion diagrams for the chiroplasma case are plotted. Propagation at the plasma frequency of the chiroplasma is also investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spinal actions of ω‐conotoxins, CVID, MVIIA and related peptides in a rat neuropathic pain model (2013)

These findings indicate that CVID provides only a marginal improvement over MVIIA in a preclinical model of neuropathic pain, which appears to be unrelated to reversibility from binding. Hybrids of these conotoxins might provide viable alternative treatments.
Beam-Steering Nanophotonic Phased-Array Neural Probes (2019)

We demonstrate the first implantable nanophotonic neural probes with integrated silicon nitride phased arrays. Coherent beam-steering is achieved in brain tissue by wavelength tuning. Beam profiles, optogenetic stimulation, and functional imaging are validated in vitro.
Cross-phase modulation distortion measurements in multispan WDM systems (2000)

We present an experimental study of cross phase modulation crosstalk in wavelength-division-multiplexed systems. Measurements were performed with single and multiple spans of conventional single-mode and nonzero dispersion-shifted fiber. We show that the magnitude of cross phase modulation induced crosstalk is linearly proportional to the powers of the interfering channels and inversely proportional to their wavelength separation. This is consistent with previously obtained theoretical results.
Biochemical and Physiological Differences in the Malathion Carboxylesterase Activities of Malathion-Susceptible and -Resistant Lines of the Sheep Blowfly,Lucilia cuprina (1996)

Three malathion carboxylesterase (MCE) phenotypes have been described previously inLucilia cuprinaadults: low, intermediate, and high. The MCE specific activities of adults with the intermediate and high phenotypes are 21- and 33-fold higher than those with the low phenotype, but the high phenotype is almost 1000-fold more resistant to malathion than either of the other phenotypes. Here we show that MCE activity also peaks in Day 4 larvae from three lines representative of these phenotypes. The MCE activity of the low-line larvae is only 2.7- and 4-fold lower than those of the intermediate and high-line larvae, respectively. The relatively high MCE activity of the low-line larvae is largely explained by their crop activity. Assays in the presence of esterase inhibitors reveal three distinct types of MCE activity across the three lines and two developmental stages. Activity in the low-line adults is not completely inhibited by paraoxon and is classified as a subclass II carboxylesterase. The MCE activities in the larvae of the low and intermediate lines and adults from the intermediate line are inhibited by low concentrations of paraoxon, classifying them as subclass I carboxylesterases. The MCE activities in the high-line larvae and adults are also classified as subclass I carboxylesterases, but they are more sensitive to inhibition by triphenyl phosphate than those in the other two lines. These data suggest that MCE in the malathion-resistant high line may be structurally different from the MCEs in the malathion-susceptible intermediate and low lines.
Exposure driven risk assessment of nanoparticles: Towards a re-equilibration of the traditional risk = hazard x exposure equation (2017)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: NEW, EASILY REMOVABLE POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL) SUPPORTS FOR THE LIQUID‐PHASE METHOD OF PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS (1981)

Abstract Polyethylenglykole (I) reagieren mit den Isocyanaten (II) zu den Urethanen (III).
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Image Guided Prostate Biopsy in Stratifying Men for Risk of Extracapsular Extension at Radical Prostatectomy (2015)

Because of the low sensitivity of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for extracapsular extension, further tools are necessary to stratify men at risk for occult extracapsular extension that would otherwise only become apparent on final pathology. Magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion guided biopsy Gleason score can help identify which men with prostate cancer have extracapsular extension that may not be detectable by imaging.
Growth of adhesive contacts for Maxwell viscoelastic spheres (1998)

Coalescence of a Maxwell viscoelastic sphere to a frictionless and flat rigid plane is analyzed to study the transition from initial elastic adhesion to viscous sintering. Deformation is driven by surface tractions due to the surface energy. The formulation for surface forces consistently combines direct van der Waals attraction across the gap ahead of the contact edge with curvature-based tractions normal to the sphere surface. These two contributions to the surface traction result in two different modes of contact growth. The initial elastic contact and the early stage of time-dependent contact growth are in a zipping mode of contact closure dominated by direct attractive forces. The later stage of sintering is by stretching of the contact and is dominated by curvature-based tractions. The transition from the initial elastic contact to the zipping mode of contact growth is viscoelastic. For a given sphere radius, kinetics of the zipping mode of contact growth scale with a characteristic viscous sintering time. However, this mode is not part of the existing sintering models because direct attractive tractions were neglected in previous analyses of sintering. This stage of coalescence does not have unique scaling with sphere radius. The transition from the zipping to stretching mode of contact growth occurs at a contact radius that depends on sphere radius. The stretching mode of contact growth is in good agreement with previous analyses of viscous sintering.
Transcriptional analysis of the human ornithine aminotransferase promoter. (1991)

The regulation of ornithine delta-aminotransferase (OAT) expression is poorly characterized in humans, but in rat there are tissue-specific responses to nutritional and hormonal stimuli. We analyzed 1.3 kilobases of 5'-flanking sequence and part of intron 1 of the human OAT gene and found several candidate regulatory sequences including four copies of a motif also present in the promoters of three other urea cycle-related enzymes (urea cycle element). We transfected a series of promoter deletion constructs into HepG2 (human hepatoma), H4 (rat hepatoma), and HEK (human embryonic kidney) cells and obtained maximal expression with 134 base pairs (bp) of 5'-flanking DNA. One of the urea cycle elements and the 3' end of exon 1 had positive effects on expression in all cell lines. However, mutations in a 22-bp element which overlaps the transcriptional start site decreased activity 4-fold in H4 cells only. cAMP increased endogenous OAT mRNA 4-fold in HepG2 cells and the expression of constructs containing as little as -85 bp of 5'-flanking DNA 2- 5-fold in HepG2 and H4 cells. DNase I protection analysis of the first 134 bp of 5'-flanking sequence with nuclear extracts from rat liver, rat kidney, HEK, and HepG2 cells showed two patterns of protection over one of the urea cycle elements. These studies provide the foundation for the understanding of tissue-specific regulation of OAT.
Parallel Hough transform on hyper-pyramid architecture: a divide and conquer approach (2002)

We present a parallel divide-and-conquer approach for detecting line segments on coarse grained architectures in general, and a particular solution on a hyper-pyramid structure. We use a method which extract directly the segments from the image without quantification such as in the classical Hough transform. The proposed solution is implemented on an environment on top of PVM.
Photons and electrons for the study of a white veil covering some walls in prehistoric caves (2017)

Our research deals with the evolution of wall surfaces in prehistoric caves. The focus of this paper is dedicated to the structural and chemical characterization of a white concretion partially covering some walls in caves. In one of the caves, a non-ornate one which became a laboratory-cave (the Leye cave at Marquay, Dordogne, France) located in the Vézère valley, a set of physical methods has been proposed and tested on the first samples taken: SEM-EDXS, cathodoluminescence and laser-based techniques such as Raman spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy and LIBS. Thus two facies mainly composed of calcium carbonate crystals have been determined: moonmilk and coralloids. The identification of theses crystalline phases is the first step of an ambitious research project that plans to understand the development of unexpected layers on the cave walls of the famous ornate caves listed as part of the UNESCO cultural heritage sites. This first set of data provides good insight to the structure and the physico-chemical composition of the involved materials. Future works will be dedicated to bring knowledge about the facies chronology, the climatic conditions of environment (temperature, CO&lt;sub&gt;2 &lt;/sub&gt;rate and air velocities) over a long period.
Gas sensor using noble metal-loaded TiO2 nanotubes for detection of large-sized volatile organic compounds (2011)

Detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has attracted considerable attention for indoor air quality and human breath analysis. Here, resistive-type gas sensors with porous films made of Au-loaded TiO2 nanotubes were developed for the detection of large-sized VOCs. Well-dispersed Au nanoparticles (10 to 20 nm) were photo-chemically deposited on TiO2 nanotubes (80 nm in diameter, 700 nm in length) prepared by a hydrothermal method. The device using the Au-loaded TiO2 nanotubes showed improved sensor responses to ethanol and toluene (50 ppm) in air at 500°C. This suggested that Au nanoparticles deposited on the surface of TiO2 nanotubules without aggregation. We also demonstrated that the device could be used for the detection of large-sized VOC molecule, i.e., 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol), an intravenously administered hypnotic drug for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. The Au-loaded TiO2 nanotubes would offer a way to continuously monitor a change in the concentration of VOCs in exhaled air for medical diagnostics.
DigiLens color sequential filtering for microdisplay-based projection applications (2000)

Application Specific Integrated Filters (ASIFs), based on a unique holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) material system offering high efficiency, fast switching and low power, are being developed for microdisplay based projection applications. A new photonics technology based H-PDLC materials combined with the ability to be electrically switched on and off offers a new approach to color sequential filtering of a white light source for microdisplay-based front and rear projection display applications. Switchable Bragg gratings created in the PDLC are fundamental building blocks. Combined with the well- defined spectral and angular characteristics of Bragg gratings, these selectable filters can provide a large color gamut and a dynamically adjustable white balance. These switchable Bragg gratings can be reflective or transmissive and in each case can be designed to operate in either additive or subtractive mode. The spectral characteristics of filters made from a stack of these Bragg gratings can be configured for a specific lamp spectrum to give high diffractive efficiency over the broad bandwidths required for an illumination system. When it is necessary to reduce the spectral bandwidth, it is possible to use the properties of reflection Bragg holograms to construct very narrow band high efficiency filters. The basic properties and key benefits of ASIFs in projection displays are reviewed.
New Considerations in the Design of Clinical Trials for Bone Metastases (2012)

Palliative radiotherapy (RT) is prescribed to patients with bone metastases to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. The lack of consistent endpoints for such trials has made cross study comparison difficult and has led to contradictory conclusions. The International Bone Metastases Consensus Working Party was established to create a standard set of endpoints and recommendations for future clinical trials. Recommendations were included regarding eligibility criteria, pain assessments, follow-up assessments, timing, as well as radiation techniques. Suggestions were also made to facilitate the ease with which different studies could be compared as well as to encourage widespread consistency in certain aspects of trial design. Investigators conducting clinical trials in bone metastases should continue to adopt these recommendations to ensure consistent guidelines based on the most recent literature.
Evaluation of On-Line MPPT Algorithms for PV-Based Battery Storage Systems (2022)

This paper presents a novel Simulink models with an evaluation study of more widely used On-Line Maximum Power Point tracking (MPPT) techniques for Photo-Voltaic based Battery Storage Systems (PV-BSS). To have a full comparative study in terms of the dynamic response, battery state of charge (SOC), and oscillations around the Maximum Power Point (MPP) of the PV-BSS to variations in climate conditions, these techniques are simulated in Matlab/Simulink. The introduced methodologies are classified into two types; the first type is conventional hill-climbing techniques which are based on instantaneous PV data measurements such as Perturb & Observe and Incremental Conductance techniques. The second type is a novel proposed methodology is based on using solar irradiance and cell temperature measurements with pre- build Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model to predict DC–DC converter optimum duty cycle to track MPP. Then evaluation study is introduced for conventional and proposed On-Line MPPT techniques. This comparative study can be useful in specifying the appropriateness of the MPPT techniques for PV-BSS. Also the introduced model can be used as a valued reference model for future research related to Soft Computing (SC) MPPT techniques. A significant improvement of SOC is achieved by the proposed model and methodology with high accuracy and lower oscillations.
Microsatellite instability in aberrant crypt foci from human colons. (1996)

Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) are distinct microscopic lesions of the colon thought to be the earliest identifiable precursors of colon cancer. As precursors of colon cancer, ACF may contain mutations in genes that are altered early in colorectal tumorigenesis. Candidates for these genes include APC, K-Ras, and those of the DNA mismatch repair system. Some colon cancers with mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes are characterized by genomic instability at simple repeated sequences, also known as microsatellite instability. In this study, we analyzed 19 ACF (> or = 20 crypts/focus) and adjoining, microscopically normal colonic mucosa from 10 colon cancer patients for the presence of microsatellite instability. DNA from two ACF from two different patients displayed microsatellite instability. None of the DNA samples from normal mucosa displayed microsatellite instability. These observations support the role of ACF as a precursor to colon cancer and provide some evidence that mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes are early somatic events in colon cancer.