gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of stable direct current microhollow cathode discharge by venturi gas flow system for remote plasma source in atmosphere (2008)

We introduce a microhollow cathode configuration with venturi gas flow to ambient air in order to obtain glow discharge at atmospheric pressure. Stable microhollow cathode discharge was formed in a 200μm diameter at 9mA and the optimum value of gas velocity×diameter for hollow cathode effect was obtained in our system. In order to confirm hollow cathode effect, we measured the enhancement of E∕N strength for 200μm (0.31m2∕s) and 500μm (0.78m2∕s) air discharge at 8mA under the velocity of 156m∕s. As a result, an increase of 46.7% in E∕N strength of the discharge of 200μm hole was obtained compare to that of 500μm.
Horn-coupled, commercially-fabricated aluminum lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors for millimeter wavelengths (2014)

We discuss the design, fabrication, and testing of prototype horn-coupled, lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKIDs) designed for cosmic microwave background studies. The LEKIDs are made from a thin aluminum film deposited on a silicon wafer and patterned using standard photolithographic techniques at STAR Cryoelectronics, a commercial device foundry. We fabricated 20-element arrays, optimized for a spectral band centered on 150 GHz, to test the sensitivity and yield of the devices as well as the multiplexing scheme. We characterized the detectors in two configurations. First, the detectors were tested in a dark environment with the horn apertures covered, and second, the horn apertures were pointed towards a beam-filling cryogenic blackbody load. These tests show that the multiplexing scheme is robust and scalable, the yield across multiple LEKID arrays is 91%, and the measured noise-equivalent temperatures for a 4 K optical load are in the range 26±6 μK√s.
On interactive message secrecy over erasure networks (2012)

In this short review paper we summarize some of our recent results on interactive message secrecy for broadcast erasure channels.
COMPARATIVE PROTEIN BINDING, STABILITY AND DEGRADATION OF SATRAPLATIN, JM118 AND CISPLATIN IN HUMAN PLASMA IN VITRO (2008)

1. Satraplatin is an investigational orally administered platinum-based antitumour drug. The present study compared the plasma protein binding, stability and degradation of satraplatin with that of its active metabolite JM118 and cisplatin. 2. The platinum complexes were incubated in human plasma for up to 2 h at 37 degrees C and quantified in plasma fractions by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry on- or off-line to high-performance liquid chromatography. 3. All three platinum drugs became irreversibly bound to plasma proteins and showed negligible reversible protein binding. They were also unstable in plasma and generated one or more platinum-containing degradation products during their incubation. However, the three platinum complexes differed in the kinetics of their instability and protein binding, as well as in the number of degradation products formed during their incubation. 4. In conclusion, the plasma protein binding, instability and degradation of satraplatin and its active metabolite JM118 are qualitatively similar to that of cisplatin and other clinically approved platinum-based drugs. Quantitative differences in their irreversible protein binding and degradation were related to their respective physiochemical properties and bioactivation mechanisms.
Widely tunable Gaussian-shaped spectral filters using dispersion-engineered fibers for bioimaging applications (2008)

Optical liquids can be used to engineer the dispersion characteristics of fibers by serving as the core or cladding. The short-/long-pass filters are so made and concatenated to achieve widely tunable Gaussian-shaped filters for bio-imaging.
Size-Dependent Electron Dynamics of Gold Nanoparticles (1997)

The electron dynamics of four samples of colloidal gold nanoparticle with average particle diameter of 1.5, 2.5, 3.3, and 30 nm are studied by transient absorption spectroscopy after excitation with 400 fs laser pulses at 600 nm wavelength. Photoexcitation leads to the 'bleach' of the surface plasmon (intraband) and 5d→6sp interband transition. The temporal relaxation of the electron gas of metallic nanoparticles at the peak of plasmon band absorption follows a biexponential kinetics with a 2.5 ps and >50 ps components which are attributed to thermalization of the photoexcited non-fermi 'hot' electron gas through electron-phonon and phonon-phonon interactions, respectively. No direct observation of electron-electron relaxation was possible because this process occurs within the duration of our laser pulse. There is a size-dependent shift in the maximum of steady-state absorption and the transient minimum of the plasmon 'bleach' which is attributed to 'quantum size effect' in the smaller particles.
Deliquescence (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Supplementary Movie 1 from Loss-of-Function Mutations in TRAF7 and KLF4 Cooperatively Activate RAS-Like GTPase Signaling and Promote Meningioma Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Movie 1&lt;/p&gt;
The Effect of Image Size on the Color Appearance of Image Reproductions (2005)

Archiving images of cultural heritage based on spectral imaging techniques is an active research area in imaging science. Original and reproduced art are usually viewed under quite different viewing conditions. One of the interesting differences in viewing condition is size difference. This leads to different surrounds and adaptation states. In order to investigate the effect of size in color perception of rendered images, a visual experiment was conducted using a colorimetrically characterized digital projector and LCD display. An image was rendered and projected on the screen. The same image was processed using various algorithms followed by rendering for the LCD display. These LCD rendered images, by definition, were considerably smaller than the projected image. Using a paired-comparison method, the effect of image size was investigated using a colorimetric image of Georges Seurat's, &#x201C;Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte - 1884&#x201D;. The Image rendered for LCD display with a linear increase in lightness resulted in a closer match to the image projected on screen than the original colorimetric rendered image and was perceived as a more accurate reproduction than the majority of algorithms tested.
What Risks are Associated with Primary THA in Recipients of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation? (2016)

Level IV, therapeutic study.
Compassionate use of recombinant human IL-7-hyFc as a salvage treatment for restoring lymphopenia in patients with recurrent glioblastoma (2022)

Abstract Purpose Lymphopenia is frequently observed and is associated with poor prognosis in glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Restoring lymphopenia in cancer patients has been suggested as a novel immunotherapeutic strategy. As interleukin-7 (IL-7) is necessary for proliferation of lymphocytes and to amplify the total lymphocyte count (TLC), IL-7 therapy has been tried for various cancers, although the results are inconclusive. Here, we describe the clinical results of recurrent GBM treated with long-acting engineered version of recombinant human IL-7 (rhIL-7-hyFc). Methods This prospective case series based on compassionate use was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety in South Korea. Patients with recurrent GBM were enrolled to Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital. Primary outcomes were the safety profile and elevated total lymphocyte count (TLC). Secondary outcomes were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The duration of median follow-up was 372.6 days (range 98–864 days). Results Among 18 patients enrolled, 10 received rhIL-7-hyFc with temozolomide, 5 received rhIL-7-hyFc with bevacizumab, 1 received rhIL-7-hyFc with PCV chemotherapy, and 2 received rhIL-7-hyFc alone. The mean TLC of enrolled patients after the first treatment with rhIL-7-hyFc was significantly increased from 1,131 cells/mm 3 (range 330-2,989) at baseline to 4,356 cells/mm 3 (range 661-22,661). Similar increase was observed in 16 of 18 patients (88.8%), only after the first treatment of rhIL-7-hyFc. TLCs of these patients were maintained higher while rhIL-7-hyFc was repeatedly administered. Most common adverse events were injection sites reactions (64.7%) including urticaria and itching sensation, however, there were no serious adverse events more than grade III. Median OS and PFS were 378 days (range 107-864 days) and 231 days (55-726 days), respectively. Conclusion Our study first reports that IL-7 immunotherapy can restore lymphopenia and maintain TLC with various salvageable chemotherapies in recurrent GBM patients without serious adverse toxicities. This outcome warrants further larger and randomized clinical trials to validate the clinical benefits of rhIL-7-hyFc for GBM patients.
Serendipitous Synthesis of N-Tetrachlorophthaloyldehydroalanine Methyl Ester, a Michael Acceptor which is a Potential Precursor of γ-Carboxyglutamic Acid (1998)

An attempt to synthesise a new protected serine derivative led to the isolation of N-tetrachlorophthaloyldehydroalanine methyl ester, which underwent Michael addition of dialkyl malonates to form γ-carboxyglutamic acid derivatives.
OPASYN: A Compliler for CMOS Operational Amplifiers (2009)

A silicon compilation system for CMOS operational amplifiers (OPASYN) has been developed. The synthesis system takes as inputs system level specifications, fabrication-dependent technology parameters, and geometric layout rules. It produces a design-rule-correct compact layout of an optimized op amp. The synthesis proceeds in three stages: 1) heuristic selection of a suitable circuit topology, 2) parametric circuit optimization based on analytic models, and 3) mask geometry construction using a macro cell layout style. The synthesis process is fast enough for the program to be used interactively at the system design level by system designers who are inexperienced in op amp design.
Tenofovir and Adefovir as Antiviral Agents (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis Mechanism of Action Activity in Animal Models Clinical Experience Drug Resistance Novel Antiviral Nucleotides and Nucleotide Prodrugs Conclusions References
3D heterostructured architectures of Co3O4 nanoparticles deposited on porous graphene surfaces for high performance of lithium ion batteries (2012)

Control of structure and morphology in electrode design is crucial for creating efficient transport pathways of ions and electrons in high-performance energy storage devices. Here we report the fabrication of high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries based on a 3D heterostructured architecture consisting of Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles deposited onto porous graphene surfaces. A combination of replication and filtration processes - a simple and general method - allows a direct assembly of 2D graphene sheets into 3D porous films with large surface area, porosity, and mechanical stability. The polystyrene spheres are employed as sacrificial templates for an embossing technique that yields porous structures with tunable pore sizes ranging from 100 nm to 2 μm. Co(3)O(4) nanoparticles with high-energy storage capacity can be easily incorporated into the pore surfaces by a simple deposition strategy, thereby creating a 3D heterogeneous Co(3)O(4)/graphene film. In particular, we exploit the 3D Co(3)O(4)/graphene composite films as anode materials for lithium ion batteries in order to resolve the current issues of rate capability and cycling life. This unique heterogeneous 3D structure is capable of delivering excellent Li(+) ion storage/release and displays the following characteristics: a high rate capability of 71% retention even at a high current rate of 1000 mA g(-1) and a good cycling performance with 90.6% retention during 50 cycles. The versatile and simple nature of preparing 3D heterogeneous graphene films with various functional nanoparticles can be extended to overcome the major challenges that exist for many electrochemical devices.
Compartmental analysis of washout effect in rat brain: in-beam OpenPET measurement using a11C beam (2013)

In-beam positron emission tomography (PET) is expected to enable visualization of a dose verification using positron emitters (β+ decay). For accurate dose verification, correction of the washout of the positron emitters should be made. In addition, the quantitative washout rate has a potential usefulness as a diagnostic index, but modeling for this has not been studied yet. In this paper, therefore, we applied compartment analyses to in-beam PET data acquired by our small OpenPET prototype, which has a physically opened field-of-view (FOV) between two detector rings. A rat brain was located at the FOV and was irradiated by a (11)C beam. Time activity curves of the irradiated field were measured immediately after the irradiations, and the washout rate was obtained based on two models: the two-washout model (medium decay, k2m; slow decay, k2s) developed in a study of rabbit irradiation; and the two-compartment model used in nuclear medicine, where efflux from tissue to blood (k2), influx (k3) and efflux (k4) from the first to second compartments in tissue were evaluated. The observed k2m and k2s were 0.34 and 0.005 min(-1), respectively, which was consistent with the rabbit study. Also k2m was close to the washout rate in cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements by dynamic PET with (15)O-water, while, k2, k3, and k4 were 0.16, 0.15 and 0.007 min(-1). Our present work suggested the dynamics of (11)C might be relevant to CBF or permeability of a molecule containing (11)C atoms might be regulated by a transporter because the k2 was relatively low compared with a simple diffusion tracer.
Polymer substrate with surface solvent reservoir for polymer-spray mass spectrometric analysis of hydrophilic drugs (2021)

Nonporous, hydrophobic organosiloxane (OSX) polymers with surface reservoirs were developed as sampling supports in polymer-spray mass spectrometry (polyS-MS) for the detection and quantification of hydrophilic drugs, ethyl glucuronide (logP -1.8) and vancomycin (logP -4.4), and a slightly hydrophobic drug, phenobarbital (logP 1.5). OSX polymers with surface reservoirs were prepared by solvent evaporation-induced patterning in the presence of an ionic liquid during sol-gel polymerization of a methylalkoxysilane. The surface reservoir provides a continuous supply of spray solvent, enhancing both signal stability and signal duration when conducting analysis by polyS-MS. Using OSX polymer substrates with surfaces reservoirs, calibration curves were generated with good linearity (R2>0.99) and reproducibility and low data spread over the concentration ranges used to screen each of the drugs tested as compared to paper substrates: ethyl glucuronide, 5 – 1000 ng/mL (methanol) and 50 – 10,000 ng/mL (synthetic urine); vancomycin, 2 – 100 μL/mL (plasma); phenobarbital, 50 – 50,000 ng/mL (methanol) and 50 – 5000 ng/mL (synthetic urine). Quantitative analysis by polyS-MS of phenobarbital samples in synthetic urine at concentrations of 250 ng/mL and 2,500 ng/mL showed good recoveries of 90.2% (RSD 3.51%) and 95.7% (RSD 2.57%), respectively. Compared to paper substrates, OSX polymers gave calibration curves with better linearity and reproducibility, especially at low concentrations, as well as longer signal durations, improved signal stabilities, and increased signal intensities. Little to no sample pretreatment is necessary and the required sample volume is small (1 μL to 2 μL), making polyS-MS easy to use for high throughput sample processing.
Differences in vessel healing following delivery of everolimus or paclitaxel: a comparative experimental study using identical stent and biodegradable polymer platforms (2014)

We aimed to compare the vascular effects exclusive to antiproliferative agents by using identical stent and biodegradable polymeric matrices eluting everolimus (BP-EES) (Carlo; Balton) and paclitaxel (BP-PES) (Luc-Chopin2; Balton) in the porcine model of coronary injury. A total of 37 stents were implanted with 110% overstretch in the coronary arteries of 14 domestic pigs: 13 BP-PES, 16 BP-EES and eight bare metal stents (BMS) (Chopin2; Balton). Coronary angiography was performed after 28 and 90 days, the animals were sacrificed and the stented segments harvested for histopathological evaluation. At 28 days, BP-PES most effectively limited angiographic late loss (LL PES: 0.15±0.1 vs. EES: 0.40±0.3 vs. BMS: 0.5±0.2 mm; p=0.04) and neointimal thickness (NT) in histology (PES: 0.12 [0.1-0.2] vs. EES: 0.38 [0.3-0.4] vs. BMS: 0.35 [0.3-0.4] mm; p<0.01). The BP-PES had lower endothelialisation (EES: 100% vs. PES: 40±4% vs. BMS: 97.5±5%; p<0.01) and slightly higher inflammation scores (EES: 1 vs. PES: 2.1±0.3 vs. BMS: 1; p<0.01). At three months, LL remained unchanged in the EES and BMS groups in contrast to an increase in the PES group (EES: 0.38±0.3 vs. PES: 0.52±0.4 vs. BMS: 0.51±0.3 mm; p=0.69). NT stabilised at 90 days in the EES group in comparison to a fourfold increase in the PES group and a 30% increase in the BMS group (EES: 0.35 [0.3-0.5] vs. PES: 0.53 [0.5-0.8] vs. BMS: 0.46 [0.4-0.5] mm: p=0.07). Stent endothelialisation and inflammation were comparable at 90 days in all groups. Temporal differences in vascular response were seen by the delivery of different antiproliferative agents. In contrast to everolimus, paclitaxel seems to induce a slightly higher degree of inflammation in the short term, potentially leading to further neointimal hyperplasia in the long term.
Supplementary Table S1 from How to Provide the Needed Protection from COVID-19 to Patients with Hematologic Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1&lt;/p&gt;
Deconstructing Categorization in Visualization Recommendation: A Taxonomy and Comparative Study (2021)

Visualization recommendation (VisRec) systems provide users with suggestions for potentially interesting and useful next steps during exploratory data analysis. These recommendations are typically organized into categories based on their analytical actions, i.e., operations employed to transition from the current exploration state to a recommended visualization. However, despite the emergence of a plethora of VisRec systems in recent work, the utility of the categories employed by these systems in analytical workflows has not been systematically investigated. Our article explores the efficacy of recommendation categories by formalizing a taxonomy of common categories and developing a system, Frontier, that implements these categories. Using Frontier, we evaluate workflow strategies adopted by users and how categories influence those strategies. Participants found recommendations that add attributes to enhance the current visualization and recommendations that filter to sub-populations to be comparatively most useful during data exploration. Our findings pave the way for next-generation VisRec systems that are adaptive and personalized via carefully chosen, effective recommendation categories.
Automated Single Molecule Nucleic Acid Detection with a Waveguide Chip (2014)

Lambda DNA (λ-DNA) molecules were labeled with SYBR Gold nucleic acid stain using a PDMS-based programmable microfluidic chip (Automaton). Single DNA molecules were detected in a vertically integrated liquid-core waveguide chip.
Barcode Detection and Decoding in On-line Fashion Images (2019)

A barcode is the representation of data including some information related to goods, offered for sale which frequently appears on manufactured items. Especially in the online fashion market such as Poshmark (a second-hand fashion market), barcodes on the tags of the sale items represent the identified information including producer, manufacturer, etc. The market needs a system to automatically detect and decode barcodes in real time. However, the existing methods have some limitations for detecting 1-D barcodes in various backgrounds including tassels, stripes, and clustered text in fashion images. In this research, our focus is on identifying the barcodes in fashion images and distinguishing the barcode from similar non-barcode image content. It is accomplished by applying a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) to solve this typical objective detection problem. A comparison of the performance between our algorithm and a previous method will be given in our results. Also, a traditional method based on hand-crafted features will be proposed for comparison. For the decoding part, a package including current common types of decoding schemes is used in our work to decode the detected barcodes. But it fails to decode strongly skewed barcode images. Adding pre-processing to warp the skewed images is used to increase the success of decoding.
ChemInform Abstract: THE MESO SUBSTITUTION OF CHLOROPHYLL DERIVATIVES: DIRECT ROUTE FOR TRANSFORMATION OF BACTERIOPHEOPHORBIDES D INTO BACTERIOPHEOPHORBIDES C. (1985)

Abstract Zur Entwicklung einer Methode der direkten Methylierung von Bacteriophäophorbiden d zu Bacteriophäophorbiden c wurde eine Reihe von Reaktionen zur meso‐Substitution an Chlorophyllderivaten untersucht.
Weed Control Efficacy and Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Tolerance to Early Season Mechanical Weeding (1995)

An integrated approach to weed management in pinto bean is needed since available herbicides seldom adequately control all weed species present in a field. A two-year study was conducted to assess weed control efficacy and pinto bean tolerance to mechanical weeding from a rotary hoe or flex-tine harrow at crook, unifoliolate, and trifoliolate stages of bean development. Weed control was similar for both implements and all timings in 1993. In 1994, mechanical weeding at trifoliolate and both crook and trifoliolate stages controlled more weeds than at other growth stages, regardless of type of implement. Using the flex-tine harrow reduced pinto bean stand, but results based on growth stage were not consistent each year. Damage to pinto bean hypocotyls and stems was observed with the flex-tine harrow used at both crook and trifoliolate stages in 1994. Rotary hoeing did not reduce pinto bean stand or cause injury. Yield and seed weight did not differ among treatments in either year.