gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Speed Flex-Circuit Chip-to-Chip Interconnects (2008)

High-speed chip-to-chip interconnect utilizing flex-circuit technology is investigated for extending the lifetime of copper-based system-level channels. Proper construction of the flex ribbon is shown to improve the raw bandwidth over standard FR-4 boards by about three times. Active testing results from a 130-nm CMOS test vehicle show the potential of up to two times higher data rates. The next-generation test vehicle with 90-nm CMOS circuits gives improved voltage and timing margins at 20 Gb/s. In an interconnect limited case a channel with 36 in (91.4 cm) of flex runs at 18.2 Gb/s data rate at a bit-error ratio (BER) of better than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> . The channel includes two 90-nm CMOS test chips, two organic flip-chip package substrates, and two flex connectors; crosstalk is not included in this experiment. High-speed connector solutions, including results from a ldquosplit socketrdquo assembly test vehicle, are discussed in detail. The characterization of two top-side flex connector prototypes demonstrates their basic durability and good high-frequency performance. Samples survive 100 mating cycles at an average contact resistance of less than 30 mOmega, adequate for high-speed signaling. Measured differential insertion loss is less than 1.5 dB up to 10 GHz and less than 3.5 dB up to 20 GHz. Near-end and far-end crosstalk measurements indicate that the connectors exceed crosstalk specifications.
Temperature-dependent optoelectronic properties of quasi-2D colloidal cadmium selenide nanoplatelets (2017)

Colloidal cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanoplatelets (NPLs) are a recently developed class of efficient luminescent nanomaterials suitable for optoelectronic device applications. A change in temperature greatly affects their electronic bandstructure and luminescence properties. It is important to understand how and why the characteristics of NPLs are influenced, particularly at elevated temperatures, where both reversible and irreversible quenching processes come into the picture. Here we present a study of the effect of elevated temperatures on the characteristics of colloidal CdSe NPLs. We used an effective-mass envelope function theory based 8-band k·p model and density-matrix theory considering exciton-phonon interaction. We observed the photoluminescence (PL) spectra at various temperatures for their photon emission energy, PL linewidth and intensity by considering the exciton-phonon interaction with both acoustic and optical phonons using Bose-Einstein statistical factors. With a rise in temperature we observed a fall in the transition energy (emission redshift), matrix element, Fermi factor and quasi Fermi separation, with a reduction in intraband state gaps and increased interband coupling. Also, there was a fall in the PL intensity, along with spectral broadening due to an intraband scattering effect. The predicted transition energy values and simulated PL spectra at varying temperatures exhibit appreciable consistency with the experimental results. Our findings have important implications for the application of NPLs in optoelectronic devices, such as NPL lasers and LEDs, operating much above room temperature.
Performance Evaluation of Joint MAC and PHY Layers for IEEE 802.11p V2V Communications (2017)

본 논문에서는 차량 통신 표준인 IEEE 802.11p의 물리 계층 성능을 고려한 매체 접근 제어 계층의 처리량 성능을 분석한다. 매체 접근 제어의 성능은 차량의 메시지 도착률 및 밀도와 같은 매체 접근 제어 계층의 조건뿐만 아니라 차량의 이동 속도, 채널 추정 기법에 의한 물리 계층의 성능에 영향을 받는다. 본 논문에서는 물리 계층의 조건들이 매체 접근 제어 계층의 처리량 성능에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해, 무선 채널 상태에 따른 물리 계층 성능과 매체 접근 제어 계층의 성능을 동시에 고려하여 다 계층 통합 성능을 분석할 수 있는 시뮬레이션 방법론을 제안한다. 시뮬레이션 결과 분석을 통해 제안하는 방법론이 무선 채널의 변화, 물리 계층의 채널 추정 방식이 매체 접근 제어 계층의 성능에 미치는 영향을 효과적으로 분석할 수 있음을 보인다.
Dendritic Cells: Migratory Cells that are Attractive (1998)

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen presenting cells, playing an important role in the initiation of T- and T cell dependent immune responses. DC are highly mobile cells and the sequential migration of DC in and out of tissues is accompanied by phenotypical as well as functional changes instrumental to their function as sentinels of the immune system. Herein, we will review recent progress in understanding the origin of DC, their migratory behaviour and their capacity to attract and interact with lymphocytes, with emphasis on the chemokine system.
Power efficiency and consumption factor analysis for broadband millimeter-wave cellular networks (2012)

The growing demand for bandwidth intensive wireless applications and devices portend a future where millimeter-wave and sub-THz carrier frequencies will be used to provide massively broadband® bandwidths and many Giga-bits-per-second (Gbps) data rates in mobile environments [1]. Concurrently, the importance of energy efficiency for communication systems incentivizes discovery of new routing and access techniques that work in conjunction with power saving protocols to maximize battery life and improve power consumption. Wireless channels, as well as the wireless devices themselves, play a major role in determining both achievable data rates and power requirements. In this paper, we use the consumption factor [2] framework to quantify the impact of channel characteristics on both data rate performance and power consumption in a wireless link. Based on recent 38 GHz cellular propagation measurements [3], we demonstrate how future (5G) millimeter-wave cellular channels will impact the data rates and power requirements for future millimeter-wave cellular systems having cell radii less than a km. Analysis results presented here show how to include frequency-domain representations of the channel for use in the consumption factor analysis. A key result from the analysis is that, as massively broadband systems become more prevalent, it will be important to assess the ideal cell size to achieve the lowest energy consumption per pit. Higher bandwidth systems generally benefit form shorter transmission distances. As futuristic cellular standards contemplate the use of millimeter-wave frequencies for greater bandwidths, the work here may offer insight into how to analyze energy efficiency and performance.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor-mediated endosomal cAMP generation promotes glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells (2013)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) plays a major role in promoting glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. In the present study, we synthesized a novel functional analog of GLP-1 conjugated to tetramethyl rhodamine to monitor the internalization of the receptor. Our data show that after being internalized the receptor is sorted to lysosomes. In endosomes, receptor-ligand complex is found to be colocalized with adenylate cyclase. Pharmacological inhibition of endocytosis attenuates GLP-1R-mediated cAMP generation and consequent downstream protein kinase A substrate phosphorylation and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Our study underlines a paradigm shift in GLP-1R signaling and trafficking. The receptor ligand complex triggers cAMP generation both in plasma membrane and in endosomes, which has implications for receptor-mediated regulation of insulin secretion.
Iterative object and part transfer for fine-grained recognition (2017)

The aim of fine-grained recognition is to identify sub-ordinate categories in images like different species of birds. Existing works have confirmed that, in order to capture the subtle differences across the categories, automatic localization of objects and parts is critical. Most approaches for object and part localization rehed on the bottom-up pipeline, where thousands of region proposals are generated and then filtered by pre-trained object/part models. This is computationally expensive and not scalable once the number of objects/parts becomes large. In this paper, we propose a nonparametric data-driven method for object and part localization. Given an unlabeled test image, our approach transfers annotations from a few similar images retrieved in the training set. In particular, we propose an iterative transfer strategy that gradually refine the predicted bounding boxes. Based on the located objects and parts, deep convolutional features are extracted for recognition. We evaluate our approach on the widely-used CUB200-2011 dataset and a new and large dataset called Birdsnap. On both datasets, we achieve better results than many state-of-the-art approaches, including a few using oracle (manually annotated) bounding boxes in the test images.
Morphology of germanium nanowires grown in presence of B2H6 (2006)

We study the Au-catalyzed chemical vapor growth of germanium (Ge) nanowires in the presence of di-borane (B2H6), serving as doping precursor. Our experiments reveal that, while undoped Ge nanowires can be grown epitaxially on Si(111) substrates with very long wire lengths, the B2H6 exposure renders the Ge nanowires significantly tapered. As we describe here, this peculiar morphology stems from the combination of the acicular, one-dimensional nanowire growth and a dramatically enhanced, B-induced conformal Ge deposition. The combination of acicular and conformal Ge growth mechanisms results in cone-shaped Ge nanostructures.
High-Frequency Propagation on Printed Circuit Board Using a Material With a Low Dielectric Constant, a Low Dielectric Loss, and a Flat Surface (2009)

For the next-generation printed circuit boards with a fine pattern, low power consumption and high-speed propagation with low variation of signal propagation must be satisfied. In order to meet such requirements, we investigated a dielectric material for printed circuit boards which has three superior features: low dielectric constant (permittivity), low dielectric loss, and a flat surface with sufficient adhesion force for plating metal. The propagation loss of a microstrip line on the developed material is about 40% of the conventional material at 10 GHz. Significant reduction of the manufacturing fluctuation of the developed materials is achieved due to the flat surface. We adopted a distributed constant model to the propagation results and revealed that the significant reduction of the propagation loss is caused by the flat surface and low dielectric loss. This technology greatly contributes to the next generation of printed circuit boards.
Adaptive Heart Rate Prediction for Black-Blood Systolic Imaging (2009)

International audience
Solution of a 200-Node p-Cycle Network Design Problem with GA-Based Pre-Selection of Candidate Structures (2009)

As a research challenge we have sought to create and solve p-cycle network design problems involving 200 or more nodes. At such problems sizes, the space of all simple cycle structures on the network graph cannot even be known in practice, let alone put into a conventional ILP problem instance. The approach being taken is a combination of GA methods with ILP; GA is guided by a subsidiary ILP surrogate problem to preselect a set of collectively high merit candidate cycles to populate a size-reduced final fully detailed ILP. Feasible solutions of high quality have been obtained for an initial 200- node test case. Comparison of the result by other workers is invited.
Melanoma patients with durable responses to IL-2 treatment (1997)

Lotze, M; Atkins, M; Dutcher, J; Fisher, R; Margolin, K; Weiss, G; Abrams, J; Sznol, M; Parkinson, D; Hawkins, M; Paradise, C; Rosenberg, S A Author Information
An Antigenic Determinant Unique to the Hinge of γ3 Heavy Chains (1975)

Abstract The heavy (H)2 chain (γ3) of the IgG3 subclass of human immunoglobulins has a molecular weight of 60,000, in contrast to the 50,000 value reported for the γ1, γ2 and γ4 H chains. The γ3 hinge (interdomain) region is unusual in containing approximately 100 amino acid residues of which almost half consist of proline and cysteine in a series of repetitive sequences (1). This repetition creates an extra fragment which accounts for the extended size of the γ3 H chain. The availability of a γ3 heavy chain disease (HCD) protein Omm-s, which lacked the VH and CH1 domains but appeared to contain virtually the entire hinge region, permitted the ready isolation of an extended hinge fragment. Antisera prepared against this protein could be made specific for a determinant associated with this interdomain region by appropriate absorptions.
Apple, Insecticide Test, 1977 (1978)

Abstract Due to severe infestations of the rosy apple aphid during 1977, various insecticide trials were conducted to select the materials that could be used for controlling this insect. Insecticides were applied by 3 different application methods to established populations. The 3 types of sprayers and amounts/acre were: (1) Friend Airmaster 393 (50 gal/acre): (2) John Bean High pressure sprayer, 35 gpm pump (ca. 400 gal/acre, amounts expressed per 100 gal in Tables); (3) Agtec Sprayall 3002 (20 gal/acre). Various orchard-blocks were involved in the tests dependent on where populations of the rosy apple aphid were severe. All treatments were replicated at least 3 times. Effectiveness of the materials on the rosy apple aphid was evaluated by examining 10 infested leaf clusters/replicate and determining the percent injured leaves/cluster, the number of leaves with 1-10 live aphids, and the number of leaves with 11+ live aphids. Various predators of the rosy apple aphid were collected from some of the treatments and their identification and tolerance to the treatments were determined.
Integration of traditional scheduling techniques and AI on Prolog basis (1993)

Hispanics had a higher likelihood of consuming high risk foods, while non-Hispanics were more likely to have environmental exposures linked to Campylobacter infection. Focused questionnaires can reveal differences and contribute to improving public health action/education for specific populations.
High-speed programmable photonic circuits in a cryogenically compatible, visible-NIR 200 mm CMOS architecture (2021)

Recent advances in photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have enabled a new generation of "programmable many-mode interferometers" (PMMIs) realized by cascaded Mach Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) capable of universal linear-optical transformations on N input-output optical modes. PMMIs serve critical functions in photonic quantum information processing, quantum-enhanced sensor networks, machine learning and other applications. However, PMMI implementations reported to date rely on thermo-optic phase shifters, which limit applications due to slow response times and high power consumption. Here, we introduce a large-scale PMMI platform, based on a 200 mm CMOS process, that uses aluminum nitride (AlN) piezo-optomechanical actuators coupled to silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides, enabling low-loss propagation with phase modulation at greater than 100 MHz in the visible to near-infrared wavelengths. Moreover, the vanishingly low holding-power consumption of the piezo-actuators enables these PICs to operate at cryogenic temperatures, paving the way for a fully integrated device architecture for a range of quantum applications.
PI-RADS Version 2: Detection of Clinically Significant Cancer in Patients With Biopsy Gleason Score 6 Prostate Cancer (2017)

PI-RADSv2 may help experienced readers identify clinically significant prostate cancers in patients with a biopsy Gleason score of 6. However, some small (< 1 cm<sup>3</sup>) clinically significant cancers can be missed when PI-RADSv2 is used.
Renin inhibitory pentols showing improved enteral bioavailability (1992)

Incorporation of a C-terminal pentahydroxy functionality led to potent, low molecular weight hydrophilic renin inhibitors lacking the P1' side chain. As these compounds are easy to synthesize and have sufficient water solubility, they were chosen for further study. Compound 33 was transported across rabbit intestinal brush border membrane vesicles and yielded a hypotensive effect in sodium-depleted rhesus monkeys which lasted for 90 min when dosed at 2 mg/kg id.
A top‐down systems biology view of microbiome‐mammalian metabolic interactions in a mouse model (2007)

Symbiotic gut microorganisms (microbiome) interact closely with the mammalian host's metabolism and are important determinants of human health. Here, we decipher the complex metabolic effects of microbial manipulation, by comparing germfree mice colonized by a human baby flora (HBF) or a normal flora to conventional mice. We perform parallel microbiological profiling, metabolic profiling by (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance of liver, plasma, urine and ileal flushes, and targeted profiling of bile acids by ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and short-chain fatty acids in cecum by GC-FID. Top-down multivariate analysis of metabolic profiles reveals a significant association of specific metabotypes with the resident microbiome. We derive a transgenomic graph model showing that HBF flora has a remarkably simple microbiome/metabolome correlation network, impacting directly on the host's ability to metabolize lipids: HBF mice present higher ileal concentrations of tauro-conjugated bile acids, reduced plasma levels of lipoproteins but higher hepatic triglyceride content associated with depletion of glutathione. These data indicate that the microbiome modulates absorption, storage and the energy harvest from the diet at the systems level.
Optical pulse compression of a pulse trapped in an optical microcavity (2008)

We demonstrate that optical pulse compression can be realized by tuning the quality factor of an optical microcavity from a high value to a low value, with tuning time shorter than the photon lifetime.
Nanochannels on a Fused-Silica Microchip and Liquid Properties Investigation by Time-Resolved Fluorescence Measurements (2002)

We have fabricated nanometer-sized channels, demonstrated a technique for the introduction of liquid into the channels, and carried out time-resolved fluorescence measurements of aqueous solutions. In this study, 330-nm- and 850-nm-sized channels were fabricated on fused-silica substrates by fast atom beam etching and hydrofluoric acid bonding methods. A liquid introduction method utilizing capillary action was demonstrated. The liquid introduction was observed under an optical microscope, and the liquid velocity during the introduction was analyzed by surface energy and macroscale hydrodynamics. The liquid velocity due to capillary action in the nanometer-sized channel seemed more than four times slower than the estimation. Then, aqueous solutions of rhodamine 6G (R6G), sulforhodamine 101 (SR101), and rhodamine B (RB) in the channels were measured by time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy; spectra of the same solution in a 250-microm-sized channel were also measured as a reference for the macrospace. Although the fluorescence spectra in the 330-nm-, 850-nm- and 250-microm-sized channels agreed with one another, the fluorescent decays in the nanometer-sized channels were faster for R6G and SR101 and slower for RB than the respective decays in the 250-microm-sized channels. The results suggested the solutions had lower dielectric constants and higher viscosities in the nanometer-sized channels.
Variable-wavelength frequency-domain terahertz ellipsometry (2010)

We report an experimental setup for wavelength-tunable frequency-domain ellipsometric measurements in the terahertz spectral range from 0.2 to 1.5 THz employing a desktop-based backward wave oscillator source. The instrument allows for variable angles of incidence between 30 degrees and 90 degrees and operates in a polarizer-sample-rotating analyzer scheme. The backward wave oscillator source has a tunable base frequency of 107-177 GHz and is augmented with a set of Schottky diode frequency multipliers in order to extend the spectral range to 1.5 THz. We use an odd-bounce image rotation system in combination with a wire grid polarizer to prepare the input polarization state. A highly phosphorous-doped Si substrate serves as a first sample model system. We show that the ellipsometric data obtained with our novel terahertz ellipsometer can be well described within the classical Drude model, which at the same time is in perfect agreement with midinfrared ellipsometry data obtained from the same sample for comparison. The analysis of the terahertz ellipsometric data of a low phosphorous-doped n-type Si substrate demonstrates that ellipsometry in the terahertz spectral range allows the determination of free charge-carrier properties for electron concentrations as low as 8x10(14) cm(-3).
Preparation and surface properties of PEO-sulfonate grafted polyurethanes for enhanced blood compatibility (1993)

In order to improve the thromboresistance of the commercial polyurethane(PU), its surface modification was accomplished by three new different methods and their surface characteristics were investigated using ATR-FTIR, ESCA, SEM, and dynamic contact angle measurements. Sulfonations using propane sultone were performed directly onto PU or onto hydrophobic dodecanediol (DDO) grafted PU or onto hydrophilic poly(ethyleneoxide) (PEO) grafted PU. ESCA data coincided well with ATR-IR results, as more 0 at. % for PEO grafted PUs and the presence of S for the sulfonated PUs were revealed. At SEM observation the surfaces of PU-DDO and PU-PEO were relatively smooth, whereas all the sulfonated PU surfaces showed excellent smoothness and homogeneity. The hydrophilicity of the surfaces was considerably increased after PEO grafting or sulfonation. In addition, all the sulfonated PU surfaces, particularly PU-PEO-SO3, which has further hydrophilicity, exhibited complete wetting behavior due to the negatively charged SO3 groups.
Photodeposition Method For Fabricating A Three-Dimensional, Patterned Polymer Microstructure (2023)

The present invention is a photodeposition methodology for fabricating a three-dimensional patterned polymer microstructure. A variety of polymeric structures can be fabricated on solid substrates using unitary fiber optic arrays for light delivery. The methodology allows micrometer-scale photopatterning for the fabricated structures using masks substantially larger than the desired dimensions of the microstructure.
Accuracy bounds for positioning of geostationary data relays using LEO satellites (2012)

The use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites as navigation satellites for geostationary data relays promises positioning with centimetre accuracy. Thereby, the number of visible LEO satellites, the geometry of the LEO constellation, the antenna gains and the signal design have a huge influence on the achievable precision. In addition, LEO satellite position biases propagate into geostationary (GEO) satellite positioning errors. This paper provides a lower bound for the achievable GEO positioning accuracy based on these effects and gives an insight into the correlation between the GEO satellite position and clock estimates.
Generalized monotonic regression using random change points (2003)

We introduce a procedure for generalized monotonic curve fitting that is based on a Bayesian analysis of the isotonic regression model. Conventional isotonic regression fits monotonically increasing step functions to data. In our approach we treat the number and location of the steps as random. For each step level we adopt the conjugate prior to the sampling distribution of the data as if the curve was unconstrained. We then propose to use Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation to draw samples from the unconstrained model space and retain only those samples for which the monotonic constraint holds. The proportion of the samples collected for which the constraint holds can be used to provide a value for the weight of evidence in terms of Bayes factors for monotonicity given the data. Using the samples, probability statements can be made about other quantities of interest such as the number of change points in the data and posterior distributions on the location of the change points can be provided. The method is illustrated throughout by a reanalysis of the leukaemia data studied by Schell and Singh.