gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Direct and Quantitative Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of the Internal Structure of Disordered Mesoporous Carbon with Tailored Pore Size (2013)

A new technique that allows direct three-dimensional (3D) investigations of mesopores in carbon materials and quantitative characterization of their physical properties is reported. Focused ion beam nanotomography (FIB-nt) is performed by a serial sectioning procedure with a dual beam FIB-scanning electron microscopy instrument. Mesoporous carbons (MPCs) with tailored mesopore size are produced by carbonization of resorcinol-formaldehyde gels in the presence of a cationic surfactant as a pore stabilizer. A visual 3D morphology representation of disordered porous carbon is shown. Pore size distribution of MPCs is determined by the FIB-nt technique and nitrogen sorption isotherm methods to compare both results. The obtained MPCs exhibit pore sizes of 4.7, 7.2, and 18.3 nm, and a specific surface area of ca. 560 m(2)/g.
Ultra-fast finite element analysis of brushless PM machines based on space-time transformations (2009)

A computationally-efficient method is proposed for the steady-state performance simulation of brushless permanent magnet (BLPM) motors. Only a minimum number of magneto-static FEA solutions are used in conjunction with space-time transformations, which are based on the periodicity specific to synchronous machines. For an example interior permanent magnet (IPM) motor with six teeth per pole, a single magneto-static FE solution was employed to estimate the flux density time waveforms in the stator teeth and yoke. Other results include core losses, back EMF and torque. The extension of the method to fractional slot topologies with reduced number of teeth is discussed with reference to a 9-slot 6-pole IPM motor example. The results compare satisfactorily with those obtained from substantially more laborious time-stepping FEA.
Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping/Trace for Segment Routing Networks Using MPLS Dataplane (2016)

Segment Routing architecture leverages the source routing and
tunneling paradigms and can be directly applied to MPLS data plane. A
node steers a packet through a controlled set of instructions called
segments, by prepending the packet with a Segment Routing header. The
segment assignment and forwarding semantic nature of Segment Routing
raises additional consideration for connectivity verification and
fault isolation in LSP with Segment Routing architecture. This
document illustrates the problem and describe a mechanism to perform
LSP Ping and Traceroute on Segment Routing network over MPLS data
plane.
Biomedical Applications of polymeric micelles in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: Current success and future approaches (2022)

PMs provide a unique platform for self-regulated or spatiotemporal drug delivery, mimicking the working mode of pancreatic islets to maintain glucose homeostasis for prolonged periods. This unique characteristic is achieved by tailoring the functional chemistry of ABCs considering the physicochemical traits of PMs, including sensing capabilities, hydrophobicity, etc. In addition, the application of ABCs for the inhibition of conformational changes in islet amyloid polypeptide garnered attention as one of the root causes of DM. However, research in this field is limited and further studies at the clinical level are required.
Wide-Range Adaptive RF-to-DC Power Converter for UHF RFIDs (2016)

A wide-range, differential, cross-coupled rectifier is proposed with an extended dynamic range of input RF power that enables wireless powering from varying distances. The proposed architecture mitigates the reverse-leakage problem in conventional, cross-coupled rectifiers without degrading sensitivity. A prototype is designed for UHF RFID applications, and is implemented using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. On-chip measurements demonstrate a sensitivity of -18 dBm for 1 V output over a 100 kΩ load and a peak RF-to-DC power conversion efficiency of 65%. A conventional, fully cross-coupled rectifier is fabricated alongside for comparison and the proposed rectifier shows more than 2× increase in dynamic range and a 25% boosting in output voltage than the conventional rectifier.
Performance analysis of switch‐and‐examine diversity systems with interference and Rayleigh fading channels (2015)

Abstract This paper studies the behavior of the low‐complexity switch‐and‐examine diversity combining (SEC) and switch‐and‐examine diversity combining with post‐examine selection (SECps) antenna selection schemes with interference. In this paper, we first derive the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the end‐to‐end (e2e) signal‐to‐interference plus noise ratio at the selection scheme combiner output. This CDF is then used to derive closed‐form expressions for the e2e outage and symbol error probabilities for the independent nonidentically distributed and independent identically distributed cases of diversity branches. In the analysis, the channels of the desired user and the interferers are assumed to follow Rayleigh distribution. Furthermore, to have more details about the system insights, the performance is evaluated at the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values where the diversity order and coding gain are derived and analyzed. The derived analytical and asymptotic results are validated via a comparison with Monte‐Carlo simulations. Main findings show that with interference power does not scale with average SNR; the system can still achieve performance gain when more receive antennas are used. This happens at the values of switching threshold that are close to average SNR. Also, results illustrate that the interference is noticeably affecting the gain achieved in system performance when more antennas are used. Furthermore, findings show that the SECps selection scheme outperforms the conventional SEC scheme when more antennas are added with the switching threshold is much larger than the average SNR. Finally, findings show that the SEC and SECps antenna selection schemes are efficient for systems which operate at the range of low SNR values and this makes them attractive candidates to be implemented in the emerging mobile broadband communication systems. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Multicast in SR Networks (2018)

With Segment Routing (SR) architecture [rfc8402], a unicast flow can
be routed through an SR network following an explicit path specified
in the packet, w/o the need for per-flow state in the network. As a
result, the otherwise needed protocols to signal the per-flow unicast
state can also be removed from the network. This document discusses
options for multicast in an SR network.
Extraintestinal colonisation by Serpulina pilosicoli in an experimentally inoculated pig (1998)

The intestinal spirochaete Serpulina pilosicoli colonises the porcine large intestine where characteristically, but not invariably, large numbers of these bacteria become attached by one cell end to the mucosa (4). This colonisation can induce a colitis and a diarrhoeal disease called intestinal spirochaetosis (IS). Besides pigs, IS occurs naturally in various species of birds, as well as in dogs and human beings. Recently, S. pilosicoli was isolated from the bloodstream of a series of debilitated and/or immunocompromised human patients, some of whom subsequently died (5). It is not known whether S. pilosicoli can also invade and colonise extraintestinal sites in pigs, whether immunosupression would be necessary for this to occur, nor what the clinical outcomes might be. The current experiment was undertaken to investigate these possibilities, using pigs inoculated intravenously with the spirochaete so as to maximise the opportunity for colonisation to occur.
Multi-shot analysis of the gamma reaction history diagnostic (2012)

The gamma reaction history diagnostic at the National Ignition Facility has the capability to determine a number of important performance metrics for cryogenic deuterium-tritium implosions: the fusion burn width, bang time and yield, as well as the areal density of the compressed ablator. Extracting those values from the measured γ rays of an implosion, requires accounting for a γ-ray background in addition to the impulse response function of the instrument. To address these complications, we have constructed a model of the γ-ray signal, and are developing a simultaneous multi-shot fitting routine to constrain its parameter space.
A Multiscale Atomistic-Continuum Modeling Via Qc Finite Element Mesh Superposition Method (2008)

A multiscale modeling from micromechanics to macromechanics is investigated on the basis of quasicontinuum atomistic approach for interface fracture problems in association with coatings. in the quasicontinuum method, the atomistic region is discretized by finite elements, and the position of atom is prescribed in terms of the nodal displacements of the elements with the shape functions. Total energy of the system is represented by an interatomic potential, and minimized through variational method of conventional finite element formulation. We believe the manner of finite element discretization, that is, the dimension of the element affects the result of the analysis. This study consists of several quasicontinuum simulations of the fracture behavior around a crack tip to find adequate discretization manner in use of quasicontinuum method. We conclude that an atomistic quasicontinuum region, which is discretized by the fmest elements, should be extended to at least 15 atoms distance from the crack tip.
Prospective Multicenter Validation of Patient-Reported Nasal Quality-of-Life Tool for Endonasal Skull Base Surgery: The Anterior Skull Base Nasal Inventory-12 (2013)

Introduction: Patient-reported quality-of-life (QOL) endpoints are becoming increasingly important healthcare metrics. Nasal trauma is one primary source of postoperative morbidity in endonasal skull base surgery. Current nasal morbidity scales have shortcomings, which may limit their applicability for this population. In this study, we describe the development and validation of a site-specific nasal morbidity instrument to assess patient-reported rhinological outcomes following endonasal skull base surgery.
[Substrate inhibitors of DNA biosynthesis]. (1987)

We present an account of the data on the inhibition analysis of DNA biosynthesis by substrate analogs with DNA polymerases of different origin. An attempt has been made to substantiate the factors that underline the specificity of inhibitors with respect to DNA synthesis that is catalyzed by various DNA polymerases.
Inhibition of GSK‐3β decreases NF‐κB‐dependent gene expression and impairs the rat liver regeneration (2007)

Serine-threonine protein kinase glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 is involved in regulation of many cell functions, but its role in regulating liver regeneration is unknown. Here we investigated the effects of GSK-3beta inhibition on liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in the rat. The potent and selective GSK-3beta inhibitor SB216763 (0.6 mg/kg intravenously) or vehicle (10% dimethyl sulfoxide) was administered 30 min before 70% partial hepatectomy. Liver regeneration was estimated by the cell proliferation, apoptosis, and the related cell signaling and cycling proteins. In 30 min after hepatectomy in the rat, GSK-3beta was found to be translocated to the nucleus, but GSK-3beta inhibitor SB216763 that could phosphorylate residue Ser9 on GSK-3beta did not attenuated the accumulation. Consequently, the inhibition of GSK-3beta decreased the nuclear factor-kappaB activity, the NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression, and COX2 expression, but enhanced p21(WAF1/Cip1) transcription. Moreover, the injection of SB216763 impaired the proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) index and increased the apoptosis of liver compared to the vehicle. GSK-3beta plays an important role in rat liver regeneration. We conclude it may partially result from the inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway and enhancement of p21 (WAF1/Cip1) expression.
Novel combined single dose anti-hepatitis C therapy: a pilot study (2021)

The new anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) molecules improve treatment regimens and outcomes, but there are drawbacks. New combinations should target the HCV infectious cycle and be effective against all HCV genotypes. We developed the novel formulation Catvira, composed of epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) + sofosbuvir + ribavirin. Here, we compared Catvira to sofosbuvir + ribavirin tablets in patients with CHC genotype 4 in a randomized open-label efficacy and safety study. Treatment-naïve and treatment-experienced patients (n = 80) were randomly assigned to receive a single daily fixed dose of Catvira or sofosbuvir + ribavirin for 12 or 24 weeks. Both Catvira and sofosbuvir + ribavirin yielded similar outcomes of viral load (p < 0.001). Patients receiving Catvira had a significantly more rapid rate of viral load decline with sustained virologic response (SVR12) achieved by 90% of patients receiving 12 weeks of treatment. Catvira did not impact hemoglobin levels while sofosbuvir + ribavirin showed significant decline in hemoglobin levels after 24 weeks (p < 0.05). In this clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02483156), we found that Catvira administered daily for 12 or 24 weeks is safe, effective, and well-tolerated in both naïve and treatment-experienced patients with HCV genotype 4.
<title>Implementation of in-situ particle monitor to improve process condition prediction</title> (1997)

This paper investigates the use of in situ particle monitors as a means of yield enhancement and wafer cost reduction, for a fab which has upgraded its tool set and technology during the previous two years. As the new technologies were introduced and we reached the entitlement of the available tool set we found that 50% of the yield limiting causes were directly attributed to particles introduced during process. We describe here two ISPM projects with AMAT 8330 and MRC Eclipse. We discuss the baseline established during normal operation for AMAT 8330, comparing it with traditional methods of particle measurement, the particle trending between wet cleans, in order to establish the effectiveness of these cleans. With the ISPM it was possible to identify the most contaminating processes and correlate the yield loss when particle amount was high. Using the ISPM we identified the influence of the type of wet cleans as well as of the process pumping steps and showed that yield could be improved if the ISPM counts were reduced. A similar exercise done with the MRC eclipse did not give us any significant correlation with our present monitors and so the project was stopped for lack of usefulness of the ISPM monitor.
The heme-heme oxygenase system: a molecular switch in wound healing (2003)

When cells are injured they release their contents, resulting in a local accumulation of free heme proteins and heme. Here, we investigated the involvement of heme and its degrading enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) in the inflammatory process during wound healing. We observed that heme directly accumulates at the edges of the wound after inflicting a wound in the palate of Wistar rats. This coincided with an increased adhesion molecule expression and the recruitment of leukocytes. To prove that heme is responsible for the recruitment of leukocytes, heme was administered intradermally 24 hours prior to injury. A clear heme-induced influx of both macrophages and granulocytes was observed. When examining the HO isoforms, HO-1 and HO-2, we found that HO-2 was present in the entire submucosa. Surprisingly, we observed also that HO-1 is significantly expressed in the epithelium of both the mucosa and the skin of animals without wounds. On inflammation, HO-1 expression increased, particularly in infiltrating cells during the resolution phase of inflammation. Interestingly, we observed that heme-induced influx of leukocytes was highly elevated after pharmacologic inhibition of HO activity. These observations suggest that the heme-HO system is closely involved in the control of wound healing. Our results demonstrate that the local release of heme may be a physiologic trigger to start inflammatory processes, whereas HO-1 antagonizes inflammation by attenuating adhesive interactions and cellular infiltration. Moreover, the basal level of HO expression in the skin may serve as a first protective environment against acute oxidative and inflammatory insults.
Effects of the Mcl-1/Bcl-2 Inhibitor GX015-070 (Obatoclax®) on Growth and Viability of Canine and Human Neoplastic Mast Cells (2008)

Abstract Mcl-1 is a Bcl-2 family-member that has been described to act anti-apoptotic in various myeloid neoplasms. We and others have recently shown that neoplastic mast cells (MC) in patients with systemic mastocytosis (SM) display Mcl-1, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL. In the present study, we examined the effects of the Mcl-1/Bcl-2-targeting drug GX015-070 (obatoclax®; GeminX, Montréal, Quebéc, Canada) on growth and viability of primary neoplastic MC obtained from patients with SM (n=3), the human MC leukemia cell line HMC-1, and the canine mastocytoma cell line C2. Two HMC-1 subclones, one lacking KIT D816V (HMC- 1.1) and one expressing KIT D816V (HMC-1.2) were examined. As assessed by RT-PCR and immunostaining, primary neoplastic MC as well as HMC-1 cells (both subclones) were found to express Mcl-1 mRNA and the Mcl-1 protein in a constitutive manner, but did not express significant amounts of proapoptotic Bim. Transfection of HMC-1 cells with Mcl-1-specific siRNA resulted in reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis compared to cells transfected with a control siRNA. GX015-070 was found to inhibit 3H-thymidine uptake and thus proliferation in HMC-1 cells in a dose-dependent manner, with higher IC50 values obtained in HMC-1.2 cells (0.5 μM) compared to HMC-1.1 cells (0.05 μM). GX015-070 also inhibited the growth and survival in the canine mastocytoma cell line C2 (IC50: 0.5-1 μM). Moreover, GX015-070 was found to inhibit the proliferation of primary human neoplastic MC in all SM patients tested (IC50: 0.05-0.1 μM). We next attempted to combine obatoclax with a modulator of Mcl-1/Bim expression in MC, in order to enhance drug effects. Since Bim is degraded via the proteasome, we applied the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Whereas GX015-07 did not modulate the production/expression of Mcl-1 or Bim in HMC-1 cells, bortezomib was found to promote the expression of Bim in our Western blot experiments. In addition, bortezomib was found to suppress 3H-thymidine uptake in both HMC-1 subclones. Finally, bortezomib was found to cooperate with GX015-070 in producing apoptosis in HMC-1.1 cells, HMC-1.2 cells, and C2 cells. Together, our data show that the Mcl-1/Bcl-2-targeting drug GX015-070 is a potent inhibitor of in vitro growth and survival of canine and human neoplastic MC. Targeting of Mcl-1 in neoplastic MC alone or in combination with a Bim-regulator may be an interesting pharmacologic approach in advanced SM.
P2-12-32: Association between Progranulin (GP88) Expression and Recurrence Risk for Breast Cancer Patients with Estrogen Receptor Positive Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. (2011)

Abstract Purpose: GP88 (progranulin) is a critical player of breast tumorigenesis for estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Pathological studies showed that GP88 was expressed in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), but not in normal mammary tissue, benign lesions or lobular carcinoma. The present study examines GP88 prognostic significance in association with recurrence risk for patients with ER+ IDC. Patients and Methods: Two retrospective multi-site clinical studies examined GP88 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis in paraffin-embedded tumor tissues in correlation with patients’ survival outcomes. The training study established a GP88 cut-off value associated with decreased disease-free (DFS) and overall (OS) survivals. The validation study verified the GP88 cut-off value and compared GP88 prognostic information with other prognostic factors in multivariate analysis. Results: GP88 expression is associated with a statistically significant increase in recurrence risk for ER+ IDC patients. The training study established that GP88 3+ score by IHC analysis was associated with decreased DFS (p=0.0004) and OS (p=0.0036). The independent validation study verified that GP88 3+ score for the high risk group and demonstrated that GP88 3+ score was associated with a 5.9-fold higher hazard of disease recurrence and a 2.5-fold higher mortality hazard compared to patients with tumor GP88&amp;lt;3+. GP88 remained an independent risk predictor after considering age, nodal status, tumor size, tumor grade, progesterone receptor expression, treatment and disease stage. Conclusion: Our training and validation studies demonstrate that the survival factor GP88 is a prognostic biomarker, predictive of recurrence risk and increased mortality for ER+ IDC patients, independent from other prognostic factors. These results provide support for measuring GP88 tissue expression for newly diagnosed early stage breast cancer patients. This work was supported by grants R43CA124179, and U01CA113916 from the National Cancer Institute, grants 07-2007-064 and 02-2010-010 from the Avon Foundation for Women. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-12-32.
Design and Evaluation of General Purpose, Barrier, and Multichannel Plasticating Extrusion Screws (2020)

Extrusion screw designs and validation are presented for three multiple channel, fractal screws for comparison with common general purpose, and barrier screws using an instrumented single screw extruder with high impact polystyrene (HIPS) and low density polyethylene (LDPE) at varying screw speeds. The fractal screws are designed with multiple channels and pressure–volume–temperature relations to control shear heating with cooling by adiabatic decompression. The general‐purpose design had the highest throughput but did not provide sufficient mixing and so resulted in excessive variation in the melt temperature and pressure at screw speeds above 40 RPM. The barrier screw was a capable design with good performance for LDPE and HIPS with screw speeds from 20 to 60 RPM. However, it tended to provide excessive shear heating at higher screw speeds due to the large surface area of the barrier and mixing sections. The first fractal screw design was a multichannel variant of the general‐purpose design and exhibited good consistency but excessive heating due to the large bearing area between the flights and barrel. The second fractal screw design provided decompression in the feed zone and metering zone to improve throughput but was limited by a poor transition section design. The third fractal screw design remedied these deficiencies with an improved transition section and intermittent clearances for dispersive mixing. Its performance rivaled that of the barrier screw with respect to volumetric output and energy efficiency but provided better melt pressure consistency. Cold screw freezing experiments were performed for all five screws with 5% black, blue, and violet colorants serially added to neat HIPS. The cold screw pulls showed that the general purpose and barrier screws exhibited significant racing of the materials within their screw channels and, thus, broad residence time distributions. Examination of the material cross sections indicated persistent coiled sheet morphologies, which were best dispersed with the third fractal screw. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 60:752–764, 2020. © 2020 The Authors. Polymer Engineering &amp; Science published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Plastics Engineers.
Increased quantum efficiency and reduced red-shift in polymer nanoparticle luminophors (2008)

In this paper, using a polyfluorene derivative, increased fluorescence quantum efficiency and reduced red-shift in the film form of polymer nanoparticle luminophors is achieved, when compared to directly spin coated polymer thin films.