gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel lipoprotein (a) lowering drug, D-47, decreases neointima thickening after vascular injury (2017)

Although Lp(a) have been thought to be a cardiovascular risk factor, it is unclear whether lowering Lp(a) levels reduces the risk of cardiovascular diseases. No pharmacological agents which selectively reduce serum Lp(a) levels, and Lp(a) is present in primate but absent in common laboratory animals such as mice and pigs. In the present study we used transgenic mice of human Lp(a) and tested effect a novel Lp(a) lowering drug D-47 on neointima formation after vascular injury. D-47 successfully decreased plasma levels of Lp(a) and possibly inhibited neointima formation in Lp(a) transgenic mice. The results indicate that we can modulate plasma Lp(a) levels by pharmacologic agents and inhibit atherogenic properties of Lp(a) by reducing plasma levels of Lp(a). J. Med. Invest. 64: 64-67, February, 2017.
Controversies in Protocol Selection in the Imaging of Articular Cartilage (2005)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, with its unique ability to noninvasively image and characterize soft tissue, has shown promise in assessment of cartilage. The development of new, fast imaging methods with high contrast will improve the MR evaluation of cartilage morphology. In addition to morphological MR imaging methods, MR imaging contrast mechanisms under development may reveal detailed information regarding the physiology of cartilage. However, many of these methods remain to be tested in the clinical setting. Protocol selection for cartilage imaging requires understanding of the patient population and the advantages and limitations of these techniques.
Aza-Crown Ether:  1,2-Dicarbadodecaborane(12) Supramolecular Assemblies (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTAza-Crown Ether: 1,2-Dicarbadodecaborane(12) Supramolecular AssembliesPeter D. Godfrey, Warren J. Grigsby, Peter J. Nichols, and Colin L. RastonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Monash University Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 39, 9283–9284Publication Date (Web):October 1, 1997Publication History Received25 April 1997Published online1 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://doi.org/10.1021/ja971314yCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views456Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (103 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystallization,Energy,Ethers,Macrocyclic compounds,Nitrogen Get e-Alerts
Thermal Conductivity Reduction in Nanostructured Semiconductor Using Broad-Band-Phonon Scattering (2004)

Low thermal conductivity is essential for efficient operation of thermoelectric/thermionic power generation devices. There have been several attempts to design materials with low thermal conductivity without sacrificing electrical transport. These approaches utilized different mechanisms of phonon scattering, such as acoustic impedance mismatch of the adjacent layers in superlattices or defect scattering of phonons etc [1, 2]. However, each of these approaches scatter phonons only in a particular region of the phonon spectrum. In this paper we present experimental results of the thermal conductivity of epitaxially grown superlattices engineered to take advantage of the various scattering mechanisms to scatter phonons over the entire phonon spectrum.
<title>Polygonal gratings for wafer scale one-to-many optical clock signal distribution</title> (1995)

In contrast to volume holographic material where 1-to-many fanouts are realized using multiplexed volume holograms, we report in this paper the first Si-based surface relief polygonal gratings aiming at optical clock signal distribution application. Surface relief grating with 1 micrometers period (0.5 micrometers feature size) was fabricated using reactive ion beam etch. Both hexagonal and square gratings were demonstrated for 1-to-4 and 1-to-6 fanouts. Surface- normal input and output coupling schemes were carried out with efficiency as high as 65%. Employment of substrate modes in silicon instead of the guided modes greatly releases the required grating spacing for the demonstrated two-way surface-normal coupling. Clock signal distribution operating at 1.3 micrometers with 7.5 GHz clock speed was demonstrated with signal to noise ratio as high as 60 dB.
MagX (2021)

Accurate tracking of the hands and fingers allows users to employ natural gestures in various interactive applications. Hand tracking also supports health applications, such as monitoring face-touching, a common vector for infectious disease. However, for both types of applications, the utility of hand tracking is often limited by the impracticality of bulky tethered systems (e.g., instrumented gloves) or inherent limitations (e.g., Line of Sight or privacy concerns with vision-based systems). These limitations have severely restricted the adoption of hand tracking in real-world applications. We present MagX, a fully untethered on-body hand tracking system utilizing passive magnets and a novel magnetic sensing platform. Since passive magnets require no maintenance, they can be worn on the hands indefinitely, and only the sensor board needs recharging, akin to a smartwatch.
Metabolic Engineering of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (2005)

Anthocyanins are red, purple, or blue plant pigments that belong to the family of polyphenolic compounds collectively called flavonoids. Their demonstrated antioxidant properties and economic importance to the dye, fruit, and cut-flower industries have driven intensive research into their metabolic biosynthetic pathways. In order to produce stable, glycosylated anthocyanins from colorless flavanones such as naringenin and eriodictyol, a four-step metabolic pathway was constructed that contained plant genes from heterologous origins: flavanone 3beta-hydroxylase from Malus domestica, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase from Anthurium andraeanum, anthocyanidin synthase (ANS) also from M. domestica, and UDP-glucose:flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase from Petunia hybrida. Using two rounds of PCR, each one of the four genes was first placed under the control of the trc promoter and its own bacterial ribosome-binding site and then cloned sequentially into vector pK184. Escherichia coli cells containing the recombinant plant pathway were able to take up either naringenin or eriodictyol and convert it to the corresponding glycosylated anthocyanin, pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside or cyanidin 3-O-glucoside. The produced anthocyanins were present at low concentrations, while most of the metabolites detected corresponded to their dihydroflavonol precursors, as well as the corresponding flavonols. The presence of side product flavonols is at least partly due to an alternate reaction catalyzed by ANS. This is the first time plant-specific anthocyanins have been produced from a microorganism and opens up the possibility of further production improvement by protein and pathway engineering.
Identification and Validation of HCC-specific Gene Transcriptional Signature for Tumor Antigen Discovery (2016)

Abstract A novel two-step bioinformatics strategy was applied for identification of signatures with therapeutic implications in hepatitis-associated HCC. Transcriptional profiles from HBV- and HCV-associated HCC samples were compared with non-tumor liver controls. Resulting HCC modulated genes were subsequently compared with different non-tumor tissue samples. Two related signatures were identified, namely “HCC-associated” and “HCC-specific”. Expression data were validated by RNA-Seq analysis carried out on unrelated HCC samples and protein expression was confirmed according to The Human Protein Atlas" ( http://proteinatlas.org/ ), a public repository of immunohistochemistry data. Among all, aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10, and IGF2 mRNA-binding protein 3 were found strictly HCC-specific with no expression in 18/20 normal tissues. Target peptides for vaccine design were predicted for both proteins associated with the most prevalent HLA-class I and II alleles. The described novel strategy showed to be feasible for identification of HCC-specific proteins as highly potential target for HCC immunotherapy.
Optimal state estimation for discrete-time Markovian Jump Linear Systems, in the presence of delayed output observations (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the design of optimal state estimators for Markovian jump linear systems. We consider that the state has two components: the first component is finite valued and is denoted as mode, while the second (continuous) component is in a finite dimensional Euclidean space. The continuous state is driven by a zero mean, white and Gaussian process noise. The observation output has two components: the first is the mode and the second is a linear combination of the continuous state observed and zero mean, white Gaussian noise. Both output components are affected by delays, not necessarily equal. Our paradigm is to design optimal estimators for the current state, given the current output observation. We provide a solution to this paradigm by giving a recursive estimator for the continuous state, in the minimum mean square sense, and a finitely parameterized recursive scheme for computing the probability mass function of the current mode conditioned on the observed output. We show that when the mode is observed with a greater delay then the continuous output component, the optimal estimator nonlinear in the observed outputs.
Optimization Algorithms and Applications for Speech and Language Processing (2013)

Optimization techniques have been used for many years in the formulation and solution of computational problems arising in speech and language processing. Such techniques are found in the Baum-Welch, extended Baum-Welch (EBW), Rprop, and GIS algorithms, for example. Additionally, the use of regularization terms has been seen in other applications of sparse optimization. This paper outlines a range of problems in which optimization formulations and algorithms play a role, giving some additional details on certain application problems in machine translation, speaker/language recognition, and automatic speech recognition. Several approaches developed in the speech and language processing communities are described in a way that makes them more recognizable as optimization procedures. Our survey is not exhaustive and is complemented by other papers in this volume.
Ultrasound-based targeting and monitoring of high intensity focused ultrasound fields. (2011)

A new method to address the challenging tasks of image-guidance, targeting, and treatment monitoring during HIFU treatments is presented. The approach, enabled by the use of a novel multi-layer PZT-PVDF array with broad receive bandwidth in conjunction with a programmable ultrasound engine, uses the passive-mode received echoes of the imaging array with a custom pixel-based beamforming for HIFU focal tracking and targeting, allowing real-time two-dimensional (2D) B-mode visualization of the HIFU beam. Temperature monitoring during treatment is based on acoustic nonlinear propagation theory and the physical relationship of sound speed and attenuation to frequency and temperature. The harmonics-rich received echoes are processed differentially, encoded into an RGB additive color channel, beamformed, and overlayed in color over regular B-mode images. Dynamic local temperature changes in the region of interest become visible as the 2D color image changes from frame to frame. Preliminary results on beam visualization and temperature estimations during HIFU exposure in ex-vivo muscle tissue will be presented. [Work supported by NIH NIDDK].
Data from Preclinical Studies on the Mechanism of Action and the Anti-Lymphoma Activity of the Novel Anti-CD20 Antibody GA101 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;GA101 is a novel glycoengineered Type II CD20 monoclonal antibody. When compared with rituximab, it mediates less complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). As expected for a Type II antibody, GA101 appears not to act through CDC and is more potent than the Type I antibody rituximab in inducing cell death via nonclassical induction of apoptosis cytotoxicity, with more direct cytotoxicity and more antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. We evaluated the antitumor activity of GA101 against the human-transformed follicular lymphoma RL model &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in severe combined immunodeficient mice (SCID) mice. GA101 induced stronger inhibition of tumor growth than rituximab. Combination of GA101 with cyclophosphamide &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; confirmed the superiority of GA101 over rituximab. Neutralizing the complement system with cobra venom factor partially impaired the antitumor activity of rituximab, but had no impact on the efficacy of GA101. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; GA101 more potently induced cell death of RL cells than rituximab. The expression of a limited number of genes was found to be induced by both antibodies after exposure &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Among these, early growth response 1 and activation transcription factor 3 were confirmed to be increased at the protein level, suggesting a possible role of these proteins in the apoptotic signalling of anti-CD20 antibodies. These data imply that GA101 is superior to rituximab not only as a single agent, but also in combination with chemotherapy. These data suggest the presence of novel signalization pathways activated after exposure to anti-CD20 antibodies. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 10(1); 178–85. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Poly(1,4‐cyclohexylenedimethylene 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate): Influence of stereochemistry of 1,4‐cyclohexylene units on the thermal properties (2008)

Abstract A series of poly(1,4‐cyclohexylenedimethylene 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate) (PCCD) samples, characterized by different cis / trans ratio of the 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarbonyl unit, have been synthesized and analyzed by thermogravimetry (TGA), calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The thermal stability results are good and are not affected by the stereochemistry of the 1,4‐cyclohexylene units. On the other hand, the thermal transitions are notably influenced by the cis / trans content. With the increment of the trans content the polymer changes from completely amorphous to semicrystalline material. T g , T m , and crystallinity increase. These results suggest that the trans configuration induces a better chain packing and higher symmetry, improving the crystallizability of the samples. The effect of the molecular structure on the thermal properties is analyzed by using a statistical approach. From the effective correlations found between stereochemistry of the C 6 rings and transition temperatures it is possible to extrapolate that the configuration of 1,4‐cyclohexylene ring deriving from 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid or dimethyl 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylate results to be the main element responsible for the thermal properties. This is due to the high rigidity of the 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarbonyl unit with respect to 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethyleneoxy unit, deriving from the diol. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 619–630, 2008
High-resolution sequencing of DNA G-quadruplex secondary structures in the human genome (2015)

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from NPG via http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nbt.3295
Early B‐Cell Factor (EBF) Down‐Regulates Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Intron Enhancer Function in a Plasmacytoma Cell Line (1996)

The immunoglobulin heavy chain intron enhancer contains two potential binding sites for early B-cell factor (EBF). To investigate the functional properties of these, EBF was expressed in the EBF non-expressing S194 plasmacytoma cell line and found to down-regulate the activity of a co-transfected immunoglobulin heavy chain intron enhancer reporter construct. The expression of an unrelated reporter construct was unaltered. Dividing the immunoglobulin heavy chain intron enhancer into two subregions showed that the EBF mediated down-regulation of expression was mediated by at least two independent sites. These data indicate a role for EBF in the regulation of immunoglobulin gene expression.
Increase in thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) in lysinuric protein intolerance (1981)

The common occurrence of increased serum PBI concentration in patients with lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) was elucidated by further studies. The reason was found to be an increase in the concentration of thyroid binding globulin (TBG), concomitantly with an increase in the binding capacity of TBG. The concentrations of serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine were elevated, whereas the free thyroxine index remained normal. The free triiodothyronine index was slightly increased. The binding capacity of thyroid hormone binding pre-albumin (TBPA) was significantly decreased. The concentrations of reverse triiodothyronine (3,3',5'-T3) and of 3,3'-diiodothyronine were normal. In all patients serum lactic acid dehydrogenase activities and ferritin concentrations were elevated. The reason for the almost constant increase in TBG remains obscure. It may be related to the primary disorder of LPI, a defect in diaminoacid transport.
Gate insulators influencing electronic transport in organic FETs (2003)

New findings are presented relating to the optimal choice of gate insulators in organic field effect transistors (OFET). It was recently found that some organic semiconductors operate better when low-k materials are used in the gate. This is quite contrary to the conventional trend to use high permittivity dielectrics for low voltage operation. Interaction between the insulator and the semiconductor materials plays an important role in carrier transport. On one hand, the insulator is often responsible for the morphology of the semiconductor layer, but on the other hand it can also change the distribution of states by local polarisation effects. Carrier localisation is enhanced by insulators with large permittivities, due to the random dipole field present at the interface. We have investigated this effect on a number of disordered organic semiconductor materials and show here that the use of low-k materials may lead to improvements in mobility, reduced temperature activation and hysteresis. In particular, the behaviour of the threshold voltage is interesting. The differences in the underlying physics compared to the case of FETs based on band-like semiconductors, is also discussed.
Comprehensive Analysis of Hole-Trapping in SiN Films with a Wide Range of Time Constants Based on Dynamic C-V (2023)

The charge trapping characteristics in the silicon nitride (SiN) film were comprehensively studied by using dynamic CV technique with charge centroid analysis under various temperatures. We found two types of hole traps with short (long) time constant which capture holes at low (high) electric field. Traps with time constant down to 10 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mu \mathrm{s}$</tex> can be detected thanks to dynamic CV. For each kind of traps, the trapped charge density, spatial position, and the activation energy of de-trapping process are clarified, which are essential to understand the reliability issues of charge-trap memory devices.
O2–11–05: Imaging microglial activation in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease using PET/MRI and ex vivo autoradiography (2013)

Microglial activation is intimately associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), however its exact role in AD is unknown. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a biomarker of microglial activation, could enhance our understanding of the in vivo role of microglia in AD, and might serve as a marker of AD progression and treatment response. We aim to evaluate a TSPO-specific radioligand [18 F]PBR06 for visualizing alterations in TSPO and microglial activation in a transgenic mouse model of AD, Thy1-hAPP Lond/Swe (APP L/S). APP L/S mice (n=5) and wild-type (wt) littermates (n=5) underwent [18 F]PBR06-PET/computed tomography (CT) imaging at either 9–10 months or 15–16 months of age. 7T magnetic resonance (MR) images were fused with PET/CT data (attenuation corrected) to quantify [18 F]PBR06 uptake in hippocampus (H) and cortex (Ctx). Brain sections from mice were analyzed via digital autoradiography (ARG), and subsequently stained to evaluate levels of microglia (CD68), plaques (ThioS), and TSPO. Brain [18 F]PBR06 signal was significantly higher in 15–16 month APP L/S mice compared to wts (1.36 ± 0.06 vs. 1.06 ± 0.10 %ID/g, p<0.05); however, no significant difference was found between 9–10 month old mice (p = 0.49). Analysis of specific brain regions known to contain increasing levels of microglial activation in AD revealed an even greater difference in [18 F]PBR06 signal (normalized to muscle) between 15–16 month old APP L/S and wts (Ctx: 1.52 ± 0.09 vs. 0.87 ± 0.14, p<0.005; H: 1.59 ± 0.13 vs. 0.92 ± 0.14, p<0.005). Similarly, ARG images showed significantly higher [18 F]PBR06 signal in 15–16 month APP L/S mice compared to wts (Ctx: 1.32 ± 0.04 vs. 1.00 ± 0.10 %ID/g, p<0.005; H: 1.36 ± 0.06 vs. 1.07 ± 0.01 %ID/g, p<0.05). Unexpectedly, we observed a significantly higher signal in the choroid plexus of APP L/S mice in ARG images (1.99 ± 0.05 vs. 1.53 ± 0.02, p<0.005). This is the first demonstration of TSPO-related molecular alterations in the choroid plexus of an AD mouse model. Lastly, we showed that ARG and PET results correlated well with immunostaining - i.e., increased [18 F]PBR06 uptake in brain regions containing elevated CD68, ThioS, and TSPO staining in APP L/S compared to wts. [18 F]PBR06 -PET/MR imaging shows great potential as a tool for investigating the in vivo role of microglia and TSPO in the progression and treatment of AD. Results from [18F]PBR06-PET/MRI mouse brain imaging and ex vivo autoradiography (ARG). A) Coronal PET/CT/MRI images of [18F]PBR06 accumulation in APPL/S versus wild-type (wt) mice at 15–16 months of age; B) Ex vivo ARG of coronal APPL/S and wt mouse brain sections shown on the same scale. Nissl staining of same sections are shown below for anatomical correlation. Ctx = cortex and H = hippocampus. Arrows point to choroid plexus.