gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
More than smell - COVID-19 is associated with severe impairment of smell, taste, and chemesthesis (2020)

Abstract Recent anecdotal and scientific reports have provided evidence of a link between COVID-19 and chemosensory impairments such as anosmia. However, these reports have downplayed or failed to distinguish potential effects on taste, ignored chemesthesis, generally lacked quantitative measurements, were mostly restricted to data from single countries. Here, we report the development, implementation and initial results of a multi-lingual, international questionnaire to assess self-reported quantity and quality of perception in three distinct chemosensory modalities (smell, taste, and chemesthesis) before and during COVID-19. In the first 11 days after questionnaire launch, 4039 participants (2913 women, 1118 men, 8 other, ages 19-79) reported a COVID-19 diagnosis either via laboratory tests or clinical assessment. Importantly, smell, taste and chemesthetic function were each significantly reduced compared to their status before the disease. Difference scores (maximum possible change ±100) revealed a mean reduction of smell (−79.7 ± 28.7, mean ± SD), taste (−69.0 ± 32.6), and chemesthetic (−37.3 ± 36.2) function during COVID-19. Qualitative changes in olfactory ability (parosmia and phantosmia) were relatively rare and correlated with smell loss. Importantly, perceived nasal obstruction did not account for smell loss. Furthermore, chemosensory impairments were similar between participants in the laboratory test and clinical assessment groups. These results show that COVID-19-associated chemosensory impairment is not limited to smell, but also affects taste and chemesthesis. The multimodal impact of COVID-19 and lack of perceived nasal obstruction suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may disrupt sensory-neural mechanisms.
Inductive programming meets the real world (2015)

Inductive programming can liberate users from performing tedious and repetitive tasks.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of Model Catalysts (2009)

Supported metal catalysts enable the production of essentially all forms of liquid hydrocarbon fuels as well as facilitate a multitude of other industrial processes. Catalytic behavior is influenced by a plethora of competing factors of which the most important is catalyst structure. The catalyst size, on which structure is strongly reliant, complicates its study by pushing the limitations of qualitative and quantitative analyses. In general, it can be said that 30 nm marks a transition into improved catalytic ability and, in some cases, the onset of dramatically distinct behaviors in small clusters [1 Matthias, A. 2005. J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127(18): 6819 [Google Scholar]]. It therefore remains a significant goal in science to fundamentally understand and predict the local structure and stability of catalytic materials at this scale so that tailor-made catalysts with distinct technological applications can be created. Dramatic progress toward this idea of “rational catalyst design” through the combined use of simulation and experimentation is already being realized by several groups [2–5 Baiker, A. 1998. Chimia, 52: 517 Besenbacher, F. 1998. Science, 279: 1913 Xu, H. 2005. Mater. Res. Soc. Proc., 876E(R4.8.1) Madhavan, N. 2008. Acc. Chem. Res., 41(9): 1153 ].
Rapid assessments of Pacific Ocean net coral reef carbonate budgets and net calcification following the 2014–2017 global coral bleaching event (2022)

Abstract The 2014–2017 global coral bleaching event caused widespread coral mortality; however, its impact on the capacity for coral reefs to maintain calcium carbonate structures has not been determined. Here, we quantified remotely sensed maximum heat stress during the 2014–2017 bleaching event, census‐based net carbonate budgets from benthic imagery and fish survey data, and net reef calcification from salinity normalized seawater total alkalinity anomalies collected from 2017–2019 for 56 Pacific coral reef sites (Mariana Islands, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Pacific Remote Island Areas, and American Samoa). We incorporated the census‐based and chemistry‐based metrics to determine a calcification vulnerability index for each site to maintain calcium carbonate balance to provide accessible information to managers and policy makers. Most coral reef sites likely experienced ecologically severe (79%, n = 44) or significant (9%, n = 7) heat stress during the 2014–2017 coral bleaching event. Census‐based net carbonate budgets (mean ± 95% = 2.1 ± 0.6 kg CaCO 3 m −2 yr −1 ) were positive for 77% of sites ( n = 43), neutral for 16% of sites ( n = 9), and negative for 7% of sites ( n = 4). Chemistry‐based relative net reef calcification (mean ± 95% = 22 ± 10 μ mol kg −1 ) was positive for 84% of sites ( n = 47), neutral for 11% of sites ( n = 6), and negative for 5% of sites ( n = 3). The calcification vulnerability index suggested the Pacific Ocean reef sites surveyed were of minimal (68%, n = 38) to moderate (32%, n = 18) concern for maintaining calcium carbonate balance following the bleaching event. This suggests that many reefs maintained positive calcium carbonate balance, but that a large number of reefs may be approaching a potential threshold for maintaining their calcium carbonate balance under the climate crisis.
Glycogen synthase kinase‐2 from rabbit skeletal muscle is activated by the calcium‐dependent regulator protein (1979)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Meeting Report: The Role of Telomeres and Telomerase in Cancer (2005)

The role of telomeres and telomerase in cancer is an area of much recent interest. This conference sponsored by the American Association of Cancer Research provided a timely opportunity to bring together basic and clinical scientists interested in the field of telomeres and telomerase cancer biology. The meeting included over 250 attendees with 150 oral and poster presentations focused on understanding telomere and telomerase biology for the development of cancer therapeutics. The meeting chairpersons were Dr. Jerry W. Shay, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX; Dr. Elizabeth H. Blackburn, University of California San Francisco, CA; and Dr. Maria A. Blasco, Spanish National Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain. The meeting provided an update on the field, pointing to areas in which our knowledge is deficient, and explored how the most promising areas may be advanced into translational research. This conference brought together cell and molecular biologists with clinicians interested in fundamental cancer mechanisms as they relate to telomeres and telomerase. The symposium consisted of formal presentations by prominent scientists working in these areas and by participants selected from submitted abstracts. In addition, there were two poster sessions. Whereas there were many basic research advances presented, the focus of this overview will be the areas of clinical advances.
VLS-grown silicon nanowire tunnel FET (2009)

In the present work we demonstrate the successful implementation of tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs) based on silicon nanowires (Si NWs) that were grown using the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth method. Device optimization resulted in increased band-to-band tunneling with an on-current of 0.5 ¿A/¿m, and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ratio of about 6 decades combined with an inverse subthreshold slope (SS) of around 100 mV/dec over several decades of current and even sub-60 mV/dec for the lowest currents.
Supplementary Tables S1-S11 from Adult Low-Hypodiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Emerges from Preleukemic <i>TP53</i>-Mutant Clonal Hematopoiesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Karyotypes of LH-ALL patients at diagnosis. Supplementary Table 2. Somatic variants detected in LH-ALL patients at diagnosis. Supplementary Table 3. ARCH related variants detected in LH-ALL patients at remission. Supplementary Table 4. Minimal residual disease values of remission samples used for mutation analysis. Supplementary Table 5. Somatic alterations in cell populations from diagnostic samples (BMMC) based on single-cell analyses. Supplementary Table 6. Somatic alterations in FACS-sorted cell populations from diagnostic samples. Supplementary Table 7. Panel of genes for targeted sequencing. Supplementary Table 8. Single cell DNA amplicons for genotyping and LOH analyses. Supplementary Table 9. Single cell DNA amplicons for B-ALL clono-specific IG/TR detection. Supplementary Table 10. ADT-seq panel and spike-in antibodies. Supplementary Table 11. Single cell sequencing metrics.&lt;/p&gt;
Enzymatic Labeling of DNA (1994)

This appendix describes the preparation of uniformly labeled radioactive probes by nick translation and random oligonucleotide-primed synthesis, as well as the end-labeling of oligonucleotides by T4 polynucleotide kinase. Accompanying these protocols are methods for removing unincorporated dNTP precursors with spin columns and for measuring the specific activity of a probe by acid precipitation.
HIGH TEMPERATURE POLYMERS FROM 1,3-DIPOLAR ADDITION REACTIONS. (1968)

Methods were sought for the synthesis of thermally stable, oil resistant elastomers based on chains containing aromatic heterocyclic rings. Three 1,3-dipole presursors, the sydnone, the hydrazide chloride, and the tetrazole systems were studied in terms of their usefulness as monomers for 1,3- dipolar addition reactions. Of the three, only the tetrazoles show promise as useful monomers. A series of polymers which possessed moderate viscosities, high thermal stabilities, and high polarity was generated via the 1,3-doplar addition reaction. In general, the polymers showed high second-order transition temperatures and efforts to decrease the transition temperature by incorporating flexible linkages into the polymer were unsuccessful. Methods of synthesis and characterization of monomers, model compounds, and polymers are described.
38.4: Full‐Color Patterning of Quantum Dot (QD) Light‐Emitting Diodes using QD Transplanting Techniques (2011)

Abstract We provide simple and versatile QD transplanting method, which allows well‐defined QD patterns down to a few micrometers and also provides compatibility with conventional device fabrication process and device architecture. We also demonstrate red, green, and blue QLEDs with transplanted QD active layers and characterize them in systematic correlation study between QD pattern morphology and device performances.
High electrical conductivity and carrier mobility in oCVD PEDOT thin films by engineered crystallization and acid treatment (2018)

Air-stable, lightweight, and electrically conductive polymers are highly desired as the electrodes for next-generation electronic devices. However, the low electrical conductivity and low carrier mobility of polymers are the key bottlenecks that limit their adoption. We demonstrate that the key to addressing these limitations is to molecularly engineer the crystallization and morphology of polymers. We use oxidative chemical vapor deposition (oCVD) and hydrobromic acid treatment as an effective tool to achieve such engineering for conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT). We demonstrate PEDOT thin films with a record-high electrical conductivity of 6259 S/cm and a remarkably high carrier mobility of 18.45 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> by inducing a crystallite-configuration transition using oCVD. Subsequent theoretical modeling reveals a metallic nature and an effective reduction of the carrier transport energy barrier between crystallized domains in these thin films. To validate this metallic nature, we successfully fabricate PEDOT-Si Schottky diode arrays operating at 13.56 MHz for radio frequency identification (RFID) readers, demonstrating wafer-scale fabrication compatible with conventional complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The oCVD PEDOT thin films with ultrahigh electrical conductivity and high carrier mobility show great promise for novel high-speed organic electronics with low energy consumption and better charge carrier transport.
Late amniocentesis with uniparental disomy testing following successful in vitro fertilization and transfer of three mosaic embryos in a pregnancy with a favorable outcome (2022)

Prenatal diagnosis of normal karyotype following mosaic embryo transfer should include UPD testing if necessary.
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Caribbean Sea and Atlantic Ocean: Reconciling the Multiplicity of Ciguatoxins and Analytical Chemistry Approach for Public Health Safety (2023)

Ciguatera is a major circumtropical poisoning caused by the consumption of marine fish and invertebrates contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs): neurotoxins produced by endemic and benthic dinoflagellates which are biotransformed in the fish food-web. We provide a history of ciguatera research conducted over the past 70 years on ciguatoxins from the Pacific Ocean (P-CTXs) and Caribbean Sea (C-CTXs) and describe their main chemical, biochemical, and toxicological properties. Currently, there is no official method for the extraction and quantification of ciguatoxins, regardless their origin, mainly due to limited CTX-certified reference materials. In this review, the extraction and purification procedures of C-CTXs are investigated, considering specific objectives such as isolating reference materials, analysing fish toxin profiles, or ensuring food safety control. Certain in vitro assays may provide sufficient sensitivity to detect C-CTXs at sub-ppb levels in fish, but they do not allow for individual identification of CTXs. Recent advances in analysis using liquid chromatography coupled with low- or high-resolution mass spectrometry provide new opportunities to identify known C-CTXs, to gain structural insights into new analogues, and to quantify C-CTXs. Together, these methods reveal that ciguatera arises from a multiplicity of CTXs, although one major form (C-CTX-1) seems to dominate. However, questions arise regarding the abundance and instability of certain C-CTXs, which are further complicated by the wide array of CTX-producing dinoflagellates and fish vectors. Further research is needed to assess the toxic potential of the new C-CTX and their role in ciguatera fish poisoning. With the identification of C-CTXs in the coastal USA and Eastern Atlantic Ocean, the investigation of ciguatera fish poisoning is now a truly global effort.
Session TA1a: MIMO in optical communications (invited) [breaker page] (2012)

Start of the above-titled section of the conference proceedings record.
Boryltrihydroborate: Synthesis, Structure, and Reactivity as a Reductant in Ionic, Organometallic, and Radical Reactions (2010)

Reaction of lithium 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborol-2-ide with borane.THF provides the first boryl-substituted borohydride: lithium [1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborol-2-yl]trihydroborate. The compound is fully characterized by (11)B, (1)H, and (7)Li NMR spectra and other means, and these data are compared to neutral and anionic benchmark compounds. The compound crystallizes as a dimer complexed to four THF molecules. The dimer lacks the bridging B-H bonds seen in neutral boranes and is instead held together by ionic Li---HB interactions. A preliminary scan of reactions with several iodides shows that the compound participates in an ionic reduction (with a primary-alkyl iodide), an organometallic reduction (Pd-catalyzed with an aryl iodide), and a radical reduction (AIBN-initiated with a sugar-derived iodide). Accordingly the new borylborohydride class may share properties of both traditional borohydrides and isoelectronic N-heterocyclic carbene boranes.
High Speed Switching Devices in 4H-SiC - Performance and Reliability (2006)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a very attractive material for high temperature semiconductor devices because of its very wide bandgap (3.26 eV). Due to the wide bandgap, thermal carrier generation is very low in SiC, resulting in negligible junction leakage currents for temperatures up to 500 degC. Other advantage of SiC is high breakdown strength (10times that of silicon) and high thermal conductivity. This allows the drift layers in SiC power devices to be 10times thinner with 100times the doping concentration, compared to a silicon device for a given blocking voltage. Thus, high voltage majority carrier power devices with reasonably low on-resistances are possible in SiC (Ryu et al., 2004). Due to lack of excess minority carriers, these devices can operate at much higher switching frequencies with acceptable switching losses. The ability to operate at higher frequencies reduces the passive components in a power system. In addition, higher temperature capability of SiC devices can translate into more relaxed heat sinking requirements. This means that smaller heat sinks and/or passive cooling can be used for SiC power devices. It is expected that the size and weight of power electronics utilizing SiC switching devices and diodes will be significantly reduced by means of passive cooling, and smaller and lighter passive components
Alkaline cations directing the transformation of FAU zeolites into five different framework types (2013)

Exposure of faujasite zeolites to different alkali hydroxide solutions readily yields zeolites with ABW, CHA, MER and ANA topologies. In NaOH faujasite persisted. Aside from new opportunities for zeolite synthesis, this reveals that a suitable aluminosilicate connectivity in the source material significantly facilitates zeolite crystallization.
Spatial and temporal dosimetry of individual electron FLASH beam pulses using radioluminescence imaging (2021)

<i>Purpose.</i>In this study, spatio-temporal beam profiling for electron ultra-high dose rate (UHDR; >40 Gy s<sup>-1</sup>) radiation via Cherenkov emission and radioluminescence imaging was investigated using intensified complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor cameras.<i>Methods.</i>The cameras, gated to FLASH optimized linear accelerator pulses, imaged radioluminescence and Cherenkov emission incited by single pulses of a UHDR (>40 Gy s<sup>-1</sup>) 10 MeV electron beam delivered to the isocenter. Surface dosimetry was investigated via imaging Cherenkov emission or scintillation from a solid water phantom or Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>S:Tb screen positioned on top of the phantom, respectively. Projected depth-dose profiles were imaged from a tank filled with water (Cherenkov emission) and a 1 g l<sup>-1</sup>quinine sulfate solution (scintillation). These optical results were compared with projected lateral dose profiles measured by Gafchromic film at different depths, including the surface.<i>Results.</i>The per-pulse beam output from Cherenkov imaging agreed with the photomultiplier tube Cherenkov output to within 3% after about the first five to seven ramp-up pulses. Cherenkov emission and scintillation were linear with dose (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.987 and 0.995, respectively) and independent of dose rate from ∼50 to 300 Gy s<sup>-1</sup>(0.18-0.91 Gy/pulse). The surface dose distribution from film agreed better with scintillation than with Cherenkov emission imaging (3%/3 mm gamma pass rates of 98.9% and 88.8%, respectively). Using a 450 nm bandpass filter, the quinine sulfate-based water imaging of the projected depth optical profiles agreed with the projected film dose to within 5%.<i>Conclusion.</i>The agreement of surface dosimetry using scintillation screen imaging and Gafchromic film suggests it can verify the consistency of daily beam quality assurance parameters with an accuracy of around 2% or 2 mm. Cherenkov-based surface dosimetry was affected by the target's optical properties, prompting additional calibration. In projected depth-dose profiling, scintillation imaging via spectral suppression of Cherenkov emission provided the best match to film. Both camera-based imaging modalities resolved dose from single UHDR beam pulses of up to 60 Hz repetition rate and 1 mm spatial resolution.
Synthesis of P-Chiral Dihydrobenzooxaphospholes Through Negishi Cross-Coupling (2015)

An efficient Negishi cross-coupling was developed for the synthesis of the biaryl axes present in useful P-chiral dihydrobenzooxaphosphole ligands. This approach has allowed for the synthesis of new derivatives of these ligands that were not accessible by the previous route employing Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. The use of Pd2(dba)3/BI-DIME as the catalyst system affords the desired biaryl compounds in good yields with excellent rates and with catalyst loadings as low as 0.25 mol %.
P4‐371: PRECLINICAL DEVELOPMENT OF AN AMYLOID‐B OLIGMER (ABO) SPECIFIC MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (5E3) FOR POTENTIAL PASSIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2014)

Soluble AβOs trigger a cascade of toxic signaling in neurons that disrupt neuronal communication, causing cell death, behavior dysfunction and memory loss in AD. A murine monoclonal antibody (m5E3) against a conformationally constrained epitope (cSNK) has been developed, with demonstrated specificity and selectivity against AβOs (Silverman et al. 2012; Gibbs et al., 2013). The m5E3 specifically recognizes AβOs in AD CSF and TBS brain extracts, while displaying negligible reactivity to healthy controls. This provides a unique opportunity to selectively target and neutralize toxic AβOs implicated in the progression of AD. In the current study, target engagement for m5E3 in the Tg2576 AD mouse model was evaluated. Humanized constructs of m5E3 have been generated and characterization in vitro and in vivo in mouse models is in progress. Aged (12 mo.) Tg2576 mice were treated weekly with mAb5E3 or nonspecific murine IgG1 control for six weeks. At study termination, soluble aggregated Aβ were assayed in plasma, CSF and brain homogenates. The m5E3 was humanized (h5E3) to IgG1, IgG2 and IgG4 frameworks and purified antibodies characterized by Western analysis and affinity confirmed against cSNK epitope (Octet analysis and Biacore™ 300). Treatment with m5E3 antibody was evaluated for impact on the levels of soluble AβOs in CSF and brain homogenates in Tg2576 treated mice. This data is consistent with previous analyses and further supports selective target engagement of pathophysiologically relevant AβOs. Humanized h5E3 variants have been generated and shown to retain the same affinity, specificity and selectivity as m5E3 against the conformational epitope cSNK and AβOs species. The therapeutic potential of m5E3 is under evaluation in preclinical mouse models. These studies suggest intervention with 5E3 selectively targets AβO species and may represent a unique immunotherapeutic approach. Emergent BioSolutions is now positioned to study the h5E3 variants for lead selection and further development.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallization of Precursors to Forsterite and Chromium‐Doped Forsterite. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The ODAC Chronicles: Part 4. Hurdles pre and post accelerated approval (2005)

‘What is a hero? Now, my definition is completely different. I think a hero is an ordinary individual who finds the strength to persevere and endure in spite of overwhelming obstacles’ . Christopher Reeve