gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of patterned magnetic microstructures using magnetically assembled nanoparticles (2015)

This work describes the modeling and experimental characterization of a fabrication method for forming magnetic microstructures using self-assembled iron oxide (Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) magnetic nanoparticles. This method can potentially be used in roll-to-roll production of magnetic structures patterned onto substrates or optionally lifted off to create free-floating micromagnetic actuators. This article reports: (1) the use of a selective magnetization process to create magnetic microstructures with complex, photolithographically defined shapes, (2) development of multi-physics simulations that model key fabrication steps (selective magnetization and particle assembly), and (3) experimental evaluation of the microstructure features (line width and height) as functions of process variables. The primary accomplishment is obtaining well-defined microstructures with complex shape and demonstrating their magnetic actuation when released as free-floating structures.
Hyperthermia as a teratogenic agent. (1974)

The common cotton-eared marmoset, a nonhuman primate with a narrow zone of thermoneutrality, was used in an experiment to assess the effects of hyperthermia as a teratogenic agent. Mild heat stress conditions were used. The results of this preliminary study justify further investigation of the effect of hyperthermia on the primate embryo during morphogenesis.
Targeting Replication Stress Using CHK1 Inhibitor Promotes Innate and NKT Cell Immune Responses and Tumour Regression (2021)

Drugs selectively targeting replication stress have demonstrated significant preclinical activity, but this has not yet translated into an effective clinical treatment. Here we report that targeting increased replication stress with a combination of Checkpoint kinase 1 inhibitor (CHK1i) with a subclinical dose of hydroxyurea targets also promotes pro-inflammatory cytokine/chemokine expression that is independent of cGAS-STING pathway activation and immunogenic cell death in human and murine melanoma cells. In vivo, this drug combination induces tumour regression which is dependent on an adaptive immune response. It increases cytotoxic CD8+ T cell activity, but the major adaptive immune response is a pronounced NKT cell tumour infiltration. Treatment also promotes an immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment through CD4+ Treg and FoxP3+ NKT cells. The number of these accumulated during treatment, the increase in FoxP3+ NKT cells numbers correlates with the decrease in activated NKT cells, suggesting they are a consequence of the conversion of effector to suppressive NKT cells. Whereas tumour infiltrating CD8+ T cell PD-1 and tumour PD-L1 expression was increased with treatment, peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells retained strong anti-tumour activity. Despite increased CD8+ T cell PD-1, combination with anti-PD-1 did not improve response, indicating that immunosuppression from Tregs and FoxP3+ NKT cells are major contributors to the immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment. This demonstrates that therapies targeting replication stress can be well tolerated, not adversely affect immune responses, and trigger an effective anti-tumour immune response.
MICA: an innovative approach to remote data acquisition (2012)

Laboratory-based instruction in engineering and physics education often involves activities in which students learn how various sensors and actuators function and how to analyze the data collected. A key requirement for this learning experience to be effective is the ready availability of a broad range of sensors that can be coupled to software and hardware environments with minimal set-up so measurements can be made and analyzed within a reasonable period of time. However, most sensors currently available for this purpose are connected to the data acquisition system via wires which interfere with many of the measurements students want to take, particularly those involving moving parts. Additionally, most existing measurement systems used in laboratory courses cannot generate input variables while measuring the resulting output variables, thus relegating the measurement system to a passive role and eliminating the opportunity for instruction in feedback systems.
Active conformation of a tumor promoter, teleocidin. A molecular dynamics study (1992)

Telecidins are potent tumor promoters, having a nine-membered lactam structure. Teleocidins and their small-molecular-sized active congeners (indolactams) are known to exist in an equilibrium between at least two conformational states, the twist and the sofa form. Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were performed on four indolactams, in order to examine the relationships between preferred ring conformations and the biological activities. It was shown that the tumor-promoting activities are closely related with the existence ratio of the sofa form among 10 possible conformations. This implies that the sofa form is the active ring conformation, which is compatible with the previous result obtained independently from the superposition of teleocidin and phorbol ester. The predicted ratios of conformers for each indolactam were in good agreement with those observed by NMR spectral analysis. The high-temperature MD method proved to be very useful for predicting the preferred structures of these cyclic compounds, in which the overall stabilities are strongly influenced by the conformations of substituent groups on the ring.
A Study on Extreme Wideband 6G Radio Access Technologies for Achieving 100Gbps Data Rate in Higher Frequency Bands (2021)

In sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication system, it is expected that extreme high data rate communication with a peak data rate over 100Gbps should be provided by exploiting higher frequency bands in addition to millimeter-wave bands such as 28GHz. The higher frequency bands are assumed to be millimeter wave and terahertz wave where the extreme wider bandwidth is available compared with 5G, and hence 6G needs to promote research and development to exploit so-called terahertz wave targeting the frequency from 100GHz to 300GHz. In the terahertz wave, there are fundamental issues that rectilinearity and pathloss are higher than those in the 28GHz band. In order to solve these issues, it is very important to clarify channel characteristics of the terahertz wave and establish a channel model, to advance 6G radio access technologies suitable for the terahertz wave based on the channel model, and to develop radio-frequency device technologies for such higher frequency bands. This paper introduces a direction of studies on 6G radio access technologies to explore the higher frequency bands and technical issues on the device technologies, and then basic computer simulations in 100Gbps transmission using 100GHz band clarify a potential of extreme high data rate over 100Gbps.
Enantioselective Synthesis of cis-3-Fluoropiperidin-4-ol, a Building Block for Medicinal Chemistry (2013)

The first enantioselective route to both enantiomers of cis-1-Boc-3-fluoropiperidin-4-ol, a highly prized building block for medicinal chemistry, is reported. An enantioselective fluorination is employed, taking advantage of the methodology reported by MacMillan, which uses a modified cinchona alkaloid catalyst. In studying the fluorination reaction, we have shown that the catalyst can be replaced by commercially available primary amines, including α-methylbenzylamine, with similar levels of enantioselectivity. The piperidinols are readily crystallized to obtain enantiopure material.
Benzannulated tris(2-mercapto-1-imidazolyl)hydroborato ligands: tetradentate κ4-S3H binding and access to monomeric monovalent thallium in an [S3] coordination environment (2013)

The benzannulated tris(mercaptoimidazolyl)borohydride sodium complex, [Tm(Bu(t)Benz)]Na, has been synthesized via the reaction of NaBH4 with 1-tert-butyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-thione, while [Tm(MeBenz)]K has been synthesized via the reaction of KBH4 with 1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-benzimidazole-2-thione. The molecular structures of the solvated adducts, {[Tm(Bu(t)Benz)]Na(THF)}2(μ-THF)2 and [Tm(MeBenz)]K(OCMe2)3, have been determined by X-ray diffraction, which demonstrates that the [Tm(R)] ligands in these complexes adopt different coordination modes to that in {[Tm(MeBenz)]Na}2(μ-THF)3. Specifically, while the [Tm(MeBenz)] ligand of the sodium complex {[Tm(MeBenz)]Na}2(μ-THF)3 adopts a κ(3)-S3 coordination mode, the potassium complex [Tm(MeBenz)]K(OCMe2)3 adopts a most uncommon inverted κ(4)-S3H coordination mode in which the potassium binds to all three sulfur donors and the hydrogen of the B-H group in a linear KH-B manner. Furthermore, the [Tm(Bu(t)Benz)] ligand of {[Tm(Bu(t)Benz)]Na(THF)}2(μ-THF)2 adopts a κ(3)-S2H coordination mode, thereby demonstrating the flexibility of this ligand system. The monovalent thallium compounds, [Tm(MeBenz)]Tl and [Tm(Bu(t)Benz)]Tl, have been obtained via the corresponding reactions of [Tm(MeBenz)]Na and [Tm(Bu(t)Benz)]Na with TlOAc. X-ray diffraction demonstrates that the three sulfur donors of the [Tm(RBenz)] ligands of both [Tm(MeBenz)]Tl and [Tm(Bu(t)Benz)]Tl chelate to thallium. This coordination mode is in marked contrast to that in other [Tm(R)]Tl compounds, which exist as dinuclear molecules wherein two of the sulfur donors coordinate to different thallium centers. As such, this observation provides further evidence that benzannulation promotes κ(3)-S3 coordination in this system.
Brain and Bone Damage in KARAP/DAP12 Loss-of-Function Mice Correlate with Alterations in Microglia and Osteoclast Lineages (2005)

Human polycystic lipomembraneous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy, also known as Nasu-Hakola disease, has been described to be associated with mutations affecting the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif-bearing KARAP/DAP12 immunoreceptor gene. Patients present bone fragilities and severe neurological alterations leading to presenile dementia. Here we investigated whether the absence of KARAP/DAP12-mediated signals in loss-of-function (KΔ75) mice also leads to bone and central nervous system pathological features. Histological analysis of adult KΔ75 mice brains revealed a diffuse hypomyelination predominating in anterior brain regions. As this was not accompanied by oligodendrocyte degeneration or microglial cell activation it suggests a developmental defect of myelin formation. Interestingly, in postnatal KΔ75 mice, we observed a dramatic reduction in microglial cell numbers similar to in vitro microglial cell differentiation impairment. Our results raise the intriguing possibility that defective microglial cell differentiation might be responsible for abnormal myelin development. Histomorphometry revealed that bone remodeling is also altered, because of a resorption defect, associated with a severe block of in vitro osteoclast differentiation. In addition, we show that, among monocytic lineages, KARAP/DAP12 specifically controls microglial and osteoclast differentiation. Our results confirm that KARAP/DAP12-mediated signals play an important role in the regulation of both brain and bone homeostasis. Yet, important differences exist between the symptoms observed in Nasu-Hakola patients and KΔ75 mice.
703 Thermal-hydraulic simulation in simulated subchannels of a nuclear reactor at supercritical pressure condition (2013)

In the thermal-hydraulic design of supercritical water-cooled reactors, it is required to establish a thermal-hydraulic analysis method which can simulate the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of supercritical fluids precisely. Because, there are not easy to conduct thermal-hydraulic experiments using the simulated fuel bundles since the supercritical fluids become high pressure. Then, using the currently numerical analysis method, thermal-hydraulics in four fuel bundles were analyzed numerically and their characteristics were clarified quantitatively.
Effect of Slurry Characteristics on the Surface Tribology During Copper CMP Process (2007)

Tribological properties at the polishing interface during chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) in different slurry chemical environments need to be studied in greater detail, to understand the mechanism and science of CMP. The chemical reactions in different environments significantly affect the actual tribological behavior at the interface. In the present research, slurry temperature, oxidizer percentage and complexing agent concentrations in the slurry are varied and their effect on the tribology at the interface on polyurethane pads has been studied. Specifically, the main goal of this research is to develop fundamental understanding about the role of coefficient of friction in CMP and the effect of slurry characteristics on the tribology at the interface. From the results the effect of slurry temperature was found to be very weak when compared to the other process parameters such as pressure and velocity.
Adaptive visible light communication LED receiver (2017)

We consider a visible light communication (VLC) system with light emitting diodes (LEDs), wherein LEDs are used for information transmission as well as reception while providing illumination. At the transmitter, a combination of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal and a redundant run-length limited encoded on-off keying (OOK) signal is used for data transmission. The LED receiver uses OOK and the OFF periods therein for VLC reception. The range of such a system is however affected by ambient light changes and device portability. To address this problem, we propose a two-step decoder with edge detection followed by K-means clustering and adaptive threshold detection. We show that the proposed system achieves about 33% higher range in comparison to a non-adaptive VLC system.
Review of SIPS Experimental Results for System Calibration and Validation (2010)

,A detailed experimental plan was developed with the goal of transitioning the DARPA/Northrop Grumman Structural Integrity Prognosis System (SIPS) onto a DoD platform. This plan consisted of a series of experiments conducted for the purposes of calibration and validation of the SIPS system. The objective of the first level of experimentation was to develop a detailed understanding of the sequence of events involved in the creation of microstructurally long fatigue cracks in a commercial aluminum alloy. Thus, these experiments involved constant amplitude fatigue tests of notched specimens with periodic interruptions of the fatigue cycling in order to make microstructural observations for use in calibrating the various fatigue models. The next level of experimentation was laboratory testing of coupons with a specimen geometry representative of the fatigue critical location on the aircraft with various fatigue sensors gathering damage data for validation of SIPS deterministic fatigue models. Subsequently, the probabilistic models were validated by subjecting the coupons to two different flight spectra and comparing the laboratory generated crack size distributions to those obtain with probabilistic predictions. Ultimately, the entire prognosis system was validated with three full-scale fatigue tests performed on retired wing panels. Procedures, observations, results, etc. will be reported on for each of the test phases, and the description of how these experiments led to a flight demonstration of SIPS on an active vehicle in the U.S. Navy fleet.
Simulation based sales forecasting on retail small stores (2008)

As the competition becomes more and more intense, many retail small store chain operators are eager to know how to evaluate new store locations quantitatively to support a scientific business development decision, e.g. what will be the potential sales of new stores? How will a new store influence other existing stores? In this paper, we propose a novel framework that can predict the competitions between new store and competing stores. First, we examine the special characteristics of customers' demand on retail small stores and develop several models to estimate different customers' demand; and then model the relationship between customers and multiple stores, such as route model, user behavior model; finally, we compute the store sales via simulation. A real case on the micro-competition analysis in a China city for one of the famous retail small store chain operators shows that our method is more practical and accurate than other methods.
Transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus by herpesviruses. (1987)

We examined the interaction of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and herpes group viruses. For this purpose, a chimeric plasmid (pLTR-CAT) was constructed in which the long terminal repeat (LTR) sequences derived from a molecular clone of HIV were fused to a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT). Transient expression assays in transfected tissue culture cells were used to monitor the activity of the LTR. Basal levels of CAT activity were measured in HeLa and human lung fibroblast (HLF) cells transfected with pLTR-CAT. When HeLa or HLF cells transfected with pLTR-CAT were infected with herpesviruses, HIV LTR-directed expression of the CAT gene was detected. An enhancement of the HIV LTR-directed expression of CAT was observed for herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 and HSV-2, cytomegalovirus and varicella zoster virus. Enhanced CAT expression directed by the LTR was also shown by cotransfection of recombinant plasmids containing two non-overlapping regions of HSV-1, a fragment from HSV-2 which is non-colinear with the regions used from HSV-1, the immediate early gene of pseudorabies virus and the adenovirus early gene EIA. HIV LTR-directed expression may be a useful model for studying the effects on HIV of various infectious agents known to be present in individuals with AIDS or HIV infection.
DHM (Digital Holography Microscope) for imaging cells (2007)

LOA
EZH2 in normal hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies (2015)

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb repressive complex 2, inhibits gene expression through methylation on lysine 27 of histone H3. EZH2 regulates normal hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation. EZH2 also controls normal B cell differentiation. EZH2 deregulation has been described in many cancer types including hematological malignancies. Specific small molecules have been recently developed to exploit the oncogenic addiction of tumor cells to EZH2. Their therapeutic potential is currently under evaluation. This review summarizes the roles of EZH2 in normal and pathologic hematological processes and recent advances in the development of EZH2 inhibitors for the personalized treatment of patients with hematological malignancies.
Intrinsic resolution of ceramic YAG(Ce), GYAG(Ce), and YAG(Ce,Nd) scintillators (2007)

We developed transparent ceramic scintillaotrs of Ce doped YAG, Ce and Nd codoped YAG, and Ce doped (GdV)AG, respectively. We cut them with a size of 5 × 5 ×x 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for Ce:VAG and (Ce, Nd):VAG, and 5 × 5 × 2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for Ce:GVAG. At three temperature conditions, such as +20, 0, and −20 °C, a temperature dependence of a light yield are measured, when they are coupled with avalanche photo diode, which is a S8664- 55 type APD manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics. In these conditions, light yield of them turned out to be ˜ 0.4, ˜ 0.1, and ˜ 0.25 times as large as that of T1:CsI crystal. All of them show little temperature dependence of less than 10% in this 40 K temperature change. By measuring circuit noise and statistical noise due to excess noise factor of APD measurement system, we also study the temperature dependence of intrinsic energy resolution of these scintillators, in the range of 60 to 1400 keV. There are little temperature dependence observed, and it turned out to be about 5% at several hundreds keV.
Efficient Inference for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (2021)

Multilingual NMT has become an attractive solution for MT deployment in production. But to match bilingual quality, it comes at the cost of larger and slower models. In this work, we consider several ways to make multilingual NMT faster at inference without degrading its quality. We experiment with several "light decoder" architectures in two 20language multi-parallel settings: small-scale on TED Talks and large-scale on ParaCrawl. Our experiments demonstrate that combining a shallow decoder with vocabulary filtering leads to more than 2 faster inference with no loss in translation quality. We validate our findings with BLEU and chrF (on 380 language pairs), robustness evaluation and human evaluation.
PtCoFe Nanowire Cathodes Boost Short‐Circuit Currents of Ru(II)‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells to a Power Conversion Efficiency of 12.29% (2017)

Abstract PtCoFe nanowires with different alloying compositions are chemically prepared and acted as counter electrodes (CEs) in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) with Ru(II)‐based dyes. Due to their superior reduction activity, PtCoFe nanowires with rich (111) facets enhance the performance of DSSCs. Hence, N719 DSSCs with PtCoFe nanowires, respectively, produce better power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.10% for Pt 33 Co 24 Fe 43 nanowire, 8.33% for Pt 74 Co 12 Fe 14 nanowire, and 9.26% for Pt 49 Co 23 Fe 28 nanowire in comparison to the PCE of Pt CE (7.32%). Further, the PRT‐22 DSSC with Pt 49 Co 23 Fe 28 nanowire exhibits a maximum PCE of 12.29% with a certificated value of 12.0%, which surpass the previous PCE record of the DSSCs with Ru(II)‐based dyes. The photovoltaic and electrochemical results reveal the composition‐dependent activity along with a volcano‐shaped trend in the I − / redox reaction. Theoretical work on the adsorption energies of I 2 , the desorption energies of I − , and the corresponding absolute energy demonstrates that the reduction activity followed in the order of Pt 49 Co 23 Fe 28 (111) plane &gt; Pt 74 Co 12 Fe 14 (111) plane &gt; Pt 33 Co 24 Fe 43 (111) plane, proving Pt 49 Co 23 Fe 28 nanowire to be a superior cathode material for DSSCs.
An authorization scheme for version control systems (2011)

We present gitolite, an authorization scheme for Version Control Systems (VCSes). We have implemented it for the Git VCS. A VCS enables versioning, distributed collaboration and several other features, and is an important context for authorization and access control. Our main consideration behind the design of gitolite is the balance between expressive power, correctness and usability in realistic settings. We discuss our design of gitolite, and in particular the four user-classes in its delegation model, and the administrative actions a user at each class performs. We discuss also our ongoing work on expressing gitolite precisely in first-order logic, to thereby give it a precise semantics and establish correctness properties. gitolite has been adopted in open-source software development, university and industry settings. We discuss our experience with these deployments, and present some performance results related to access enforcement from a real deployment.
Suborbital Commercial Spaceflight Crewmember Medical Issues (2011)

As directed by the Council of the Aerospace Medical Association, the Commercial Spaceflight Working Group has developed the following position paper concerning medical issues for commercial suborbital spaceflight crewmembers. This position paper has been approved by the AsMA Council to become a policy of the AsMA.