gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distinct sequence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in dogfish brain provides insight into GnRH evolution. (1992)

In vertebrates, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) belongs to a family of decapeptides characterized by the conservation of residues 1, 2, 4, 9, and 10. In the jawed vertebrates only positions 5, 7, and 8 in the GnRH molecules vary. We have now purified two forms of GnRH from the brains of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) by using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The primary structures were established by automated Edman degradation and mass spectral analysis. The distinct structure of the first form (dogfish GnRH) is pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Leu-Pro-Gly-NH2 (pGlu represents pyroglutamyl). The second peptide is identical to a form of GnRH originally isolated from chicken brains (chicken GnRH-II; pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-His-Gly-Trp-Tyr- Pro-Gly-NH2) and is widespread throughout the vertebrates. We are aware of no other species of cartilaginous fish in which the primary structures of two forms of GnRH have been determined. The presence of chicken GnRH-II in dogfish supports the idea that chicken GnRH-II is the oldest GnRH to evolve in jawed vertebrates. With the addition of the dogfish GnRH structure to the family, two main structural branches of GnRH can be delineated. The physiological effects of dogfish GnRH included the release of not only gonadotropin but also growth hormone from goldfish pituitary fragments.
Comparative Genomic Hybridization Identifies Virulence Differences in Streptococcus suis (2014)

Streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen. However, identification of virulent S. suis strains is complicated because of the high diversity of the species. Here we evaluated the genetic difference among S. suis strains using comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and virulence variation in vivo and in vitro. We showed that different clades differed in their ability to activate TLR2/6 in vitro and their capacity to induce cytokine production in vivo as well as their resistance to phagocytosis and survival in vivo. Our data showed the S. suis strains tested can be classified into three groups having differing levels of virulence: epidemic and highly virulent strains were clustered into clade Ia (epidemic and highly virulent group, E/HV group), virulent strains were clustered into clade Ib (virulent group, V group), and intermediately or weakly virulent strains were clustered into other clades (intermediately or weakly virulent group, I/WV group). Our study provided further insight into the genomic and virulence variation of S. suis.
Search for dark matter in events with energetic, hadronically decaying top quarks and missing transverse momentum at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2018)

A bstract A search for dark matter is conducted in events with large missing transverse momentum and a hadronically decaying, Lorentz-boosted top quark. This study is performed using proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, in data recorded by the CMS detector in 2016 at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb −1 . New substructure techniques, including the novel use of energy correlation functions, are utilized to identify the decay products of the top quark. With no significant deviations observed from predictions of the standard model, limits are placed on the production of new heavy bosons coupling to dark matter particles. For a scenario with purely vector-like or purely axial-vector-like flavor changing neutral currents, mediator masses between 0.20 and 1.75 TeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, given a sufficiently small dark matter mass. Scalar resonances decaying into a top quark and a dark matter fermion are excluded for masses below 3.4 TeV, assuming a dark matter mass of 100 GeV.
Utility Driven Mobile-Agent Scheduling (2005)

Mobile agents are programs capable of migrating from one host machine to another. We propose that mobile agents purchase resource access rights from host machines thereby establishing a market for computational resources and giving agents a metric to evenly distribute themselves throughout the network. Market participation requires quantitative information about resource consumption to define demand and calculate utility. We create a formal utility model to derive user-demand functions, allowing agents to efficiently plan expenditure and deal with price fluctuations. By quantifying demand and utility, resource owners can precisely set a value for a good. We simulate our model in a mobile agent scheduling environment and show how mobile agents may use server prices to distribute themselves evenly throughout a network. 1 Introduction Mobile agents are programs that may, under their own volition, jump from one host and resume execution at another host. We propose using electronic Revi...
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Synthesis of 3,5‐Diaryl‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles from Thiobenzamides and Methyl Bromocyanoacetate. (2011)

Abstract Attempted synthesis of thiazole‐5‐carboxylates (III) as potential antiviral agents from ester (II) and arylthiobenzamides results in an unexpected formation of the pseudo‐dimeric 1,2,4‐thiadiazoles (IV), where compound (II) acts only as mediator.
On energy harvesting for augmented tags (2016)

In this paper, the harmonic signals generated by UHF RFID chips, usually considered as spurious effects and unused, are exploited. Indeed, the harmonic signals are harvested to feed a supplementary circuitry associated with a passive RFID tag. Two approaches are presented and compared. In the first one, the third-harmonic signal is combined with an external 2.45-GHz Wi-Fi signal. The integration is done in such a way that the composite signal boosts the conversion efficiency of the energy harvester. In the second approach, the third-harmonic signal is used as the only source of a harvester that energizes a commercial temperature sensor associated with the tag. The design procedures of the two “augmented-tag” approaches are presented. The performance of each system is simulated with ADS software, and using Harmonic Balance tool (HB), the results obtained in simulation and measurements are compared also.
Epidermal Langerhans cells are not principal reservoirs of virus in HIV disease (1991)

Several reports implicate Langerhans cells of skin as susceptible targets, reservoirs, and vectors for transmission of HIV: 1) numbers of Langerhans cells in skin of HIV-infected patients were decreased about 50% of that in control skin; 2) as many as 30% of Langerhans cells in the skin of HIV-infected patients were morphologically abnormal; 3) viral particles typical for HIV were identified in or around 2 to 5% of these cells; and 4) infectious HIV was isolated from skin biopsies of infected patients. These results were consistent with similar observations of HIV-infected macrophages in such tissues as brain, lung, and lymph node. Despite these findings, other investigators find no evidence for virus infection in the epidermis of HIV-infected patients by any of several immunohistochemical or ultrastructural criteria. To address this controversy, we obtained skin from 28 HIV-seropositive subjects at various clinical stages by full thickness biopsy or suction blister. Samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy for presence of HIV virions, by immunofluorescent staining for viral proteins, by in situ hybridization for HIV-specific mRNA, by polymerase chain reaction amplification of virus-specific DNA, and by direct virus isolation by coculture of epidermis onto monocyte target cells. By any of these techniques, demonstration of HIV in the epidermis of infected patients was equivocal and even then, infrequent. In contrast, viral DNA was detected from the dermis of the same skin samples (26 of 28 samples). Moreover, the number and morphology of Langerhans cells in skin of infected patients were within normal limits, regardless of stage of disease. These studies in toto suggest that a role for Langerhans cells as a principal viral reservoir or vector of transmission is highly unlikely.
Artificial life techniques for market data mining and emulation (2002)

Summary form only given as follows. Techniques from the area of artificial life include artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, and genetic programming. These techniques have been applied to build expert system models of expert actions such as market trading. These expert system models are then the starting point of emulating market behavior. Interesting market behavior detection includes market power, price leadership, market share, market chaos and market clearing problems. Recent research to identify techniques to sabotage market activity has been started to identify techniques to jam market clearing as well as to exhibit localized market power.
Characterization of multicomponent polymer trilayers with resonant soft X‐ray reflectivity (2009)

Abstract Resonant soft X‐ray reflectivity (RSoXR) has been used to quantify the layer thicknesses and the interfacial widths of a single, complex thin film with three polymeric layers supported on an inorganic substrate. By adjusting the photon energy, the sensitivity to particular interfaces within the trilayer can be selectively enhanced. The results significantly improve and broaden the capabilities of RSoXR, which has previously only been demonstrated and used for bilayers on silicon substrates. The capability of RSoXR to characterize polymer trilayers was not readily predictable from prior bilayer results, as the RSoXR characterization of bilayers benefits from a strong X‐ray reflection from the substrate that serves as a reference beam with which the reflections from the other interfaces interfere with. The impact of having the capability to investigate trilayers is exemplified by discussing the utility of RSoXR to characterize organic electronic light emitting multilayers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 1291–1299, 2009
SENSITIVE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR SOMATOSTATIN USING N‐[1251‐TYR‐SOMATOSTATIN AS LABELLED ANTIGEN (1979)

A sensitive radioimmunoassay for somatostatin using N-[125I]-Tyr-somatostatin is described and compared with that using [125I]-Tyr1-somatostatin. The minimum detectable amount of somatostatin using N-[125I]-Tyr-somatostatin as tracer was 0.1 to 0.5 pg, which is approximately 10-fold lower than the lower detection limit of the RIA using [125I]-Tyr1-somatostatin. Moreover, it was found that the shelf-life of N[125I]Tyr-somatostatin was prolonged in comparison with labelled Tyr1-somatostatin. Human pancreatic and gastric extracts displayed immunological similarity to synthetic somatostatin tetradecapeptide.
Butyrate increases apical membrane CFTR but reduces chloride secretion in MDCK cells (1999)

Sodium butyrate and its derivatives are useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of genetic diseases including urea cycle disorders, sickle cell disease, thalassemias, and possibly cystic fibrosis (CF). Butyrate partially restores cAMP-activated Cl(-) secretion in CF epithelial cells by stimulating DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (DeltaF508-CFTR) gene expression and increasing the amount of DeltaF508-CFTR in the plasma membrane. Because the effect of butyrate on Cl(-) secretion by renal epithelial cells has not been reported, we examined the effects of chronic butyrate treatment (15-18 h) on the function, expression, and localization of CFTR fused to the green fluorescent protein (GFP-CFTR) in stably transfected MDCK cells. We report that sodium butyrate reduced Cl(-) secretion across MDCK cells, yet increased apical membrane GFP-CFTR expression 25-fold and increased apical membrane Cl(-) currents 30-fold. Although butyrate also increased Na-K-ATPase protein expression twofold, the drug reduced the activity of the Na-K-ATPase by 55%. Our findings suggest that butyrate inhibits cAMP-stimulated Cl(-) secretion across MDCK cells in part by reducing the activity of the Na-K-ATPase.
DOP17 Identification of biomarkers and mechanistic insight for upadacitinib in ulcerative colitis: Analysis of serum inflammatory mediators in the phase 2b U-ACHIEVE study (2020)

Abstract Background The U-ACHIEVE trial evaluated upadacitinib (UPA), an oral JAK1 selective inhibitor, in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC). Patient-reported and endoscopic outcomes improved after UPA treatment. This analysis used pharmacodynamic profiling to link changes in serum biomarkers to changes in UC disease activity, and to assess the UPA mechanism of action in UC. Methods U-ACHIEVE (NCT02819635) was a randomised, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled phase 2b clinical trial. Adults with an inadequate response, loss of response, or intolerance to corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, or biologic therapies were randomised to receive 7.5, 15, 30, or 45 mg UPA once daily or PBO for 8 weeks (weeks). Serum samples (baseline [BL], weeks 2, 4, and 8) were analysed by OLINK® inflammation panel (92 proteins) and by Singulex immunoassay for interleukin-1b (IL-1b), IL-17A, IL-17F, and IL-22. Protein-level changes were analysed by a mixed-effect model; BL protein level was adjusted as a covariate; treatment group, time point, and their interaction were included as fixed effects. Spearman rank-correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between changes of serum biomarker levels and improvements in adapted Mayo scores and endoscopic subscores. Multiplicity adjusted P values were calculated using 1000 runs of random permutations. Results Paired BL and week 8 serum samples were available from 114 patients (PBO, n = 17; UPA 7.5 mg, n = 21; UPA 15 mg, n = 21; UPA 30 mg, n = 29; UPA 45 mg, n = 26). UPA treatment reduced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators associated with immune cell migration, type I/II IFN responses, T-cell responses, macrophage and dendritic cell activity and increased expression of biomarkers associated with haematopoiesis, neuroprotection and mucosal repair in a dose-dependent manner. Improvements in adapted Mayo score, endoscopic subscore, and stool frequency correlated with increases in CX3CL1, DNER and FLt3L (p &amp;lt; 0.05 for all). Endoscopic improvements correlated with reductions in OSM, and improvements in fatigue correlated with increases in CCL25 and NT-3. There was a substantial overlap in biomarkers modulated by UPA in patients with UC and Crohn’s disease (Figure). Conclusion UPA modulated expression of serum pro-inflammatory mediators found in pathways associated with the pathogenesis of UC, including immune cell migration, type I/II IFN responses, T-cell responses, macrophage and dendritic cell activity, haematopoiesis, neuroprotection, and mucosal repair. Consistent correlations were observed between changes in biomarker expression and improvements in disease activity and symptoms of UC.
New ionic photo-acid generators (PAGs) incorporating novel perfluorinated anions (2002)

A new class of ionic photo-acid generators (PAGs) useful in chemically amplified photoresist formulations has been developed. The new PAGs are salts comprising a photoactive cation and a fluoroorganic sulfonylimide or sulfonylmethide anion. These highly delocalized, nitrogen- and carbon-centered anions are extremely nonbasic and weakly coordinating. Correspondingly, their conjugate acids are powerful superacids. The imide and methide acids produced by photolysis of the corresponding ionic PAGs are highly active in initiating the cationic polymerization of various organic monomers (as in negative resists) and have been shown to catalyze the deprotection of acid-sensitive organic functional groups (as in high activation energy, positive resists) with good photospeeds. The unique balance of reactivity and physical properties provided by the imide and methide anions suggests that they may be useful alternatives to, or replacements for, the organic or inorganic anions commonly employed in existing ionic PAG formulations (e.g., perfluoroalkanesulfonate anions and MF6- anions, where M is Sb, As or P). A family of ionic PAGs based upon these new anions and their combinations with diaryliodonium or triarylsulfonium cations has recently been made available by 3M as experimental products for lithographic evaluations in positive and negative photoresists. In this report we will describe the characterization of these PAGs, including melting points, thermal stabilities, UV extinction coefficients, solubilities and photo-acid volatilities. Potential advantages of these new PAGs in positive and negative photoresist applications will also be presented.
Black-Box Models for Laser Electrophotographic Printers &#x2013; Recent Progress (2013)

In the electrophotographic printing process, the deposition of toner within the area of a given printer-addressable pixel is strongly influenced by the values of its neighboring pixels in the digital halftone image. This interaction between neighboring pixels is complex and nonlinear. To account for these effects, a printer model can be embedded in the halftoning algorithm before the printing process. Models that are designed to predict the effect of these factors on the printed halftone page can be used to design halftoning processes that will yield higher print quality, more consistently.In our previous work, we developed a strategy to account for the impact of a 5&#xD7;5 neighborhood of pixels on the measured value of a printer-addressable pixel at the center of that neighborhood. We also examined the potential influence of a much larger neighborhood of pixels (45&#xD7;45) on the central printeraddressable pixel. In the present paper, we improve the design of the test page for 45&#xD7;45 pixel models to yield more accurate and more robust results with fewer pages. We create six different models to more accurately account for local neighborhood effects and the influence of a 45&#xD7;45 neighborhood of pixels on the central printer-addressable pixel. These models have a variety of computational structures that allow system designers to choose the model that is best-suited to their particular application. They also offer varying degrees of accuracy. The model validation experimental results show that the best of these new models can yield a significant improvement in the accuracy of the prediction of the pixel values of the printed halftone image. With respect to prediction of mean absorptance (cross-validation), we gain over a 4&#xD7; improvement in accuracy between the best of the six new models and our previous 5&#xD7;5 model.
E-021 Initial experience using the Penumbra Coil 400: comparison of aneurysm packing and coil efficiency (2012)

Introduction Penumbra Coil 400 gained FDA approval and was introduced to the market April 2011. Due to its larger 0.020″ diameter and inherent softness, there is potential to provide more efficient coiling. More efficient coiling may result in shorter catheter in vessel time and less radiation exposure for the patient and healthcare team. This is a retrospective single operator experience of aneurysm coiling at the Ochsner Clinic comparing the Penumbra Coil 400 with the other most commonly used coil types, Orbit and Galaxy. Methods Forty aneurysms treated exclusively with Orbit or Galaxy coils and 18 aneurysms treated only with Penumbra coils from 2010 to February 2012 were compared. There were 36 other aneurysm treatments excluded because they were not initial treatments, other manufacturers' coils were used, or they had mixed coil types. Measurements included packing density, number of coils per unit aneurysm volume, and total coil length per unit aneurysm volume. Other parameters including presenting aneurysm rupture status, frequency of stent or balloon use, aneurysm occlusion rates, and complications were also compared. Results Mean packing density of 33.7% using Penumbra coils was significantly &gt;24.4% for Orbit/Galaxy coils (p=0.0001). Number of coils per aneurysm volume of 0.026 coils/mm 3 for Penumbra was significantly lower than 0.114 coils/mm 3 for Orbit/Galaxy (p&lt;0.001). Total coil length per aneurysm volume of 0.11 cm/mm 3 for Penumbra was significantly &lt;0.32 cm/mm 3 for Orbit/Galaxy treatments (p&lt;0.001). Aneurysm sizes ranged from 6.3 mm 3 to 5564.0 mm 3 in the Orbit/Galaxy group and from 31.0 mm 3 to 12 666.4 mm 3 in the Penumbra group. There were more ruptured aneurysms treated using Orbit/Galaxy (67%) than with Penumbra (28%). Aneurysm occlusion rates and frequency of balloons or stent use was similar in both groups. There were no procedural complications in the Penumbra cases, and there were two small branch infarctions in the Orbit/Galaxy group that were not clinically apparent. Conclusion In our practice, aneurysm treatments with the Penumbra 400 coil have resulted in significantly greater average packing density using less than one fourth of the number of coils per volume compared with Orbit/Galaxy. Aneurysms were larger in the penumbra group, and more ruptured aneurysms were treated with Orbit/Galaxy. Occlusion rates and complication rates were similar and acceptable in both groups. Competing interests J Milburn: Penumbra. A Pansara: None. R Martinez: None. G Vidal: None.
3D reconstruction of curvilinear structures with stereo matching deep convolutional neural networks (2022)

Curvilinear structures frequently appear in microscopy imaging as the object of interest. Crystallographic defects, i.e dislocations, are one of the curvilinear structures that have been repeatedly investigated under transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and their 3D structural information is of great importance for understanding the properties of materials. 3D information of dislocations is often obtained by tomography which is a cumbersome process since it is required to acquire many images with different tilt angles and similar imaging conditions. Although, alternative stereoscopy methods lower the number of required images to two, they still require human intervention and shape priors for accurate 3D estimation. We propose a fully automated pipeline for both detection and matching of curvilinear structures in stereo pairs by utilizing deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) without making any prior assumption on 3D shapes. In this work, we mainly focus on 3D reconstruction of dislocations from stereo pairs of TEM images.
Poly(aryl ether oxadiazoles) (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly(aryl ether oxadiazoles)J. L. Hedrick and R. TwiegCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 7, 2021–2025Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00033a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00033a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts