gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of carbon black and carbon nanotubes on the conductivity, morphology, and rheology of conductive ternary polymer blends (2017)

The influence of carbon black (CB) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (CNT) with different colloidal properties on the phase morphology, electrical properties, and rheological behavior in a polypropylene (PP)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/ethylene acrylic acid copolymer (EAA) ternary polymer blend was studied. A PP/PMMA/(EAA‐CNT) system was compared to two different PP/PMMA/(EAA‐CB) systems. The relationship between the phase morphology, electrical percolation threshold, and rheological behavior was analyzed. The critical percolation threshold for the ternary system was found to be around 0.5 vol% for the PP/PMMA/(EAA‐CB1) and 0.2 vol% for the PP/PMMA/(EAA‐CB2) and PP/PMMA/(EAA‐CNT), which were more than 8 times lower than for the single phase systems. The rheological threshold coincided with the electrical resistivity percolation threshold inversion point. It was proposed that beyond a critical loading of conductive filler particles in the minor EAA phase, especially for high aspect ratio fillers such as the CB2 and CNT, phase separation is slowed significantly due to the aggregation of particles into a network formation within the EAA phase causing a significant increase in phase viscosity. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the kinetics of phase separation and resulting formation of a tri‐continuous morphology are dictated by the viscosity of the minor phase relative to the two major phases. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:1329–1339, 2017. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Detection of Advanced Neoplasia in Pancreatic Cysts by Assay of Novel DNA Methylation Markers in Cyst Fluid: A Multicenter Pilot Study: 2016 ACG Fellows-In-Training Award (Biliary/Pancreas Category) (2016)

Introduction: An important subset of pancreatic cysts harbor advanced neoplasia (high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or cancer). Yet, current diagnostic approaches for detecting this high risk group are based on imaging criteria or cyst fluid analyses which lack accuracy. Management of patients with pancreatic cysts may be further optimized by molecular markers informative for advanced neoplasia. We have recently identified and validated a panel of novel methylated DNA markers (MDMs) in pancreatic tissue that discriminates HGD or adenocarcinoma from low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and non-dysplastic tissue1. It remains to be determined if this discrimination in tissue holds when applied to cyst fluid. In the present study, we aimed to assess and compare distributions of candidate MDMs in cyst fluid from cases with cysts containing advanced neoplasia and from controls with cysts containing either low-grade dysplasia (LGD) or no dysplasia. Methods: In this blinded multicenter study, archival pancreatic cyst fluid was identified from 83 surgically resected cysts. DNA from 0.2 ml cyst fluid was extracted and bisulfite converted. Assay of selected MDMs was then performed by methylation specific PCR; levels were normalized to beta actin (total DNA) and age. Cases (n=14) were cysts with adenocarcinoma or HGD and controls (n=61) were cysts with LGD or no dysplasia. Cysts with intermediate grade dysplasia (n=8) were analyzed separately. Results: The top 5 MDMs (BMP3, EMX1, CLEC11A, ST8IA1, VWC2) individually achieved areas under the ROC curve of ≥ 0.90 to distinguish cases from controls. Cyst fluid level distributions of the 2 top MDMs (BMP3, EMX1) illustrate the high discrimination (figure). At specificity of 90% (95% CI 80-96%), this 2 MDM panel detected 93% (66-100 %) of cases. MDM levels in cysts with intermediate grade dysplasia generally fell between HGD and LGD (figure); the 2 MDM panel would have called 38% of these lesions positive at 95% specificity. Conclusion: We demonstrate that assay of novel MDMs from pancreatic cyst fluid accurately distinguish cases with cancer or HGD from controls with LGD or no dysplasia. MDMs assayed from cyst fluid have potential to complement existing diagnostic approaches to improve predictive accuracy for pancreatic cysts at highest malignant risk. Further investigation and corroboration of these promising early results are needed.1Majumder S, et al. Gastroenterology 2016; S120-S121Figure 1
Protective Layer for Collective Die to Wafer Hybrid Bonding (2019)

Blade dicing compatible particle protective layer is investigated for feasibility study of collective Die-to- Wafer (D2W) direct bonding. Having the compatibility to blade dicing, the protective layer needs to be insoluble for de-ionized water (DIW), because blade dicing requires cooling water to maintain the cutting performance. Therefore, polymers soluble in alkaline solutions (e.g. TMAH, NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> OH), however, insoluble in DIW are tested for collective die to wafer direct bonding. With the dicing particle protective layer technology, successful collective die to wafer direct bonding with current die assembly tools are achieved. The alternative protective layer ensures high yield and cost of ownership for collective die to wafer integration.
A specific terminal structure is required for Ty1 transposition. (1990)

Yeast retrotransposon Ty1 directs the synthesis of virus-like particles (VLPs) consisting of Ty1-encoded proteins, RNA, and reverse transcripts. Ty1 reverse transcripts, tagged with a selectable marker and found within VLPs, are capable of transposing into naked target DNA in vitro. Cassettes consisting of a Ty long terminal repeat (LTR), or delta, marked with supF, and flanked by appropriate restriction sites were constructed. These artificial substrates, whose termini resemble those of linear, full-length Ty1 reverse transcripts, can be coincubated with VLPs (containing unmarked reverse transcripts), resulting in the very efficient integration of the artificial substrate. The results suggest that Ty DNA is limiting for transposition in vivo, suggesting that inefficient reverse transcription regulates Ty1 transposition. Analysis of the transposition of these model substrates, which resemble in vivo Ty1 transposition intermediates or differ from them in subtle ways, shows that Ty transposition proceeds by the linkage of the 3' hydroxyl residue of the reverse transcript to target DNA.
Expansion of CD8+ T cells lacking Sema4D/CD100 during HIV-1 infection identifies a subset of T cells with decreased functional capacity (2011)

Sema4D, also known as CD100, is a constitutively expressed immune semaphorin on T cells and NK cells. CD100 has important immune regulatory functions that improve antigen-specific priming by antigen-presenting cells, and can also act as a costimulatory molecule on T cells. We investigated the consequence of HIV-1 infection on CD100 expression by T cells, and whether CD100 expression signifies functionally competent effector cells. CD100 expression on T cells from healthy individuals was compared with HIV-1-infected subjects including elite controllers, noncontrollers, and patients receiving antiretroviral therapy. The frequency and fluorescence intensity of CD100 on CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells were decreased during HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, the absolute number of CD100-expressing CD8(+) T cells was positively associated with the magnitude of HIV-1-specific T-cell responses. CD8(+) T cells lacking CD100 expression were functionally impaired and present in increased numbers in HIV-1-infected individuals. The number of CD100(-)CD8(+) T cells positively correlated with T-cell immunosenescence, immune activation, and viral load. Loss of CD100 expression appears to result from direct antigen stimulation, as in vitro cytokine exposure and viral replication did not significantly impact CD100 expression. These data suggest that loss of CD100 expression probably plays an important role in dysfunctional immunity in HIV-1 infection.
Novel Uniformly Sized Polymeric Stationary Phase with Hydrophilized Large Pores for Direct Injection HPLC Determination of Drugs in Biological Fluids (1994)

Abstract Novel separation media for the direct injection of complex samples have been prepared from porous 10 μrn uniformly sized poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads. The simple hydrolysis of all epoxide groups produces beads with separation characteristics similar to those of some restricted access media. The use of a novel size-specific modification of porous materials provides separation media with even better chromatographic properties. In this approach, hydrolysis of the epoxide groups to diols can be carried out exclusively within the large pores of the medium through the use of a polymeric catalyst. The epoxide groups remaining in the small pores after hydrophilization of the large pores were then transformed either to hydrophobic C18 or phenyl groups, or to more polar diethylamino groups. Due to the size specific characteristics of the modification process used in the preparation of the beads which renders the large pores hydrophilic, no protein interaction with the surface of the pores was observed, the protein recovery was high, and the retention times of proteins and of a non-retained probe was similar. Examples of separations of drugs from plasma document the good efficiency and excellent selectivity of columns packed with the novel separation medium.
Density dependence in Caenorhabditis larval starvation (2013)

Availability of food is often a limiting factor in nature. Periods of food abundance are followed by times of famine, often in unpredictable patterns. Reliable information about the environment is a critical ingredient of successful survival strategy. One way to improve accuracy is to integrate information communicated by other organisms. To test whether such exchange of information may play a role in determining starvation survival strategies, we studied starvation of L1 larvae in C. elegans and other Caenorhabditis species. We found that some species in genus Caenorhabditis, including C. elegans, survive longer when starved at higher densities, while for others survival is independent of the density. The density effect is mediated by chemical signal(s) that worms release during starvation. This starvation survival signal is independent of ascarosides, a class of small molecules widely used in chemical communication of C. elegans and other nematodes.
JBIR-37 and -38, Novel Glycosyl Benzenediols, Isolated from the Sponge-Derived Fungus,Acremoniumsp. SpF080624G1f01 (2009)

In the course of our chemical screening program for new secondary metabolites, we isolated new compounds JBIR-37 (1) and -38 (2) from a culture broth of the marine sponge-derived fungus, Acremonium sp. SpF080624G1f01. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined to be di- and mono-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-(1,1-dimethyl-2-propenyl)benzene on the basis of extensive NMR and MS spectroscopic data, respectively.
Design, Manufacture, and Analysis of Photonic Materials for Historical and Modern Visual Art: feature issue introduction (2019)

History has seen many significant contributions by artists in science and vice versa, e.g. Leonardo Da Vinci’s flying machines, and Isaac Newton’s color theory. More recently, with the advent of nanofabrication techniques, lasers, and materials, photonics research has found exciting new applications in art. The 14 papers positioned at the boundary between art and science in this feature issue capture this breadth of topics. Creative art-scientists/science-artists create new art using the colorful properties of metallic nanostructures, birefringence of liquid crystals, interference in thin films, and coherence of lasers. A noteworthy new art form that is gaining interest uses metals as the “canvas”, lasers and nanolithography as the “brush”, and resonant nanostructures as the “paint”. We hope the reader will enjoy the spectrum of topics here that illustrate the potential of cutting edge photonic research for art-related applications: from the generation of modern visual art to the preservation and tagging of precious historical art.
Supplementary Table S1 from Genomic Features of Exceptional Response in Vemurafenib ± Cobimetinib–treated Patients with <i>BRAF</i><sup>V600</sup>-mutated Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Genomic Features of Exceptional Response in Vemurafenib ± Cobimetinib–treated Patients with &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;V600&lt;/sup&gt;-mutated Metastatic Melanoma
Calibrating surface NMR hydraulic conductivity estimates using logging NMR and direct hydraulic conductivity measurements (2013)

Assessment of aquifer flow properties such as hydraulic conductivity (K) is critical for locating new wells and informing investigations of contaminant transport. Often direct hydrologic measurements are used to estimate K, however geophysical methods are emerging as a viable alternative for estimating K either by using existing wells or through entirely noninvasive methods. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has particularly high potential in this field because the measurement is directly sensitive to water content and is also related to properties of the pore space. Here we demonstrate the transformation from surface NMR T2* to hydraulic conductivity values. We also explore the possibility of making a calibration at one location and then using that calibration at nearby locations for detailed site characterization. Our results demonstrate this application in two sites with contrasting hydrologic properties and show that a site-specific calibration can result in NMR estimates of K within an order of magnitude of traditional direct K measurements.
Cost-Aware Cloud Bursting for Enterprise Applications (2014)

The high cost of provisioning resources to meet peak application demands has led to the widespread adoption of pay-as-you-go cloud computing services to handle workload fluctuations. Some enterprises with existing IT infrastructure employ a hybrid cloud model where the enterprise uses its own private resources for the majority of its computing, but then “bursts” into the cloud when local resources are insufficient. However, current commercial tools rely heavily on the system administrator’s knowledge to answer key questions such as when a cloud burst is needed and which applications must be moved to the cloud. In this article, we describe Seagull, a system designed to facilitate cloud bursting by determining which applications should be transitioned into the cloud and automating the movement process at the proper time. Seagull optimizes the bursting of applications using an optimization algorithm as well as a more efficient but approximate greedy heuristic. Seagull also optimizes the overhead of deploying applications into the cloud using an intelligent precopying mechanism that proactively replicates virtualized applications, lowering the bursting time from hours to minutes. Our evaluation shows over 100% improvement compared to naïve solutions but produces more expensive solutions compared to ILP. However, the scalability of our greedy algorithm is dramatically better as the number of VMs increase. Our evaluation illustrates scenarios where our prototype can reduce cloud costs by more than 45% when bursting to the cloud, and that the incremental cost added by precopying applications is offset by a burst time reduction of nearly 95%.
Secrecy energy efficiency optimization for MISO and SISO communication networks (2015)

Energy-efficiency, high data rates and secure communications are essential requirements of the future wireless networks. In this paper, optimizing the secrecy energy efficiency is considered. The optimal beamformer is designed for a MISO system with and without considering the minimum required secrecy rate. Further, the optimal power control in a SISO system is carried out using an efficient iterative method, and this is followed by analyzing the trade-off between the secrecy energy efficiency and the secrecy rate for both MISO and SISO systems.
Prognostic and biologic impact of molecular markers in papillary renal cell carcinoma (2007)

15525 Background: Papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC) is the second most common histological subtype among patients undergoing surgery for kidney cancer, but the molecular profile of this entity is not well characterized. The goals of this study were (1) to evaluate differences in expression between type 1 and 2 PRCC, and (2) to analyze the prognostic impact of molecular markers. Methods: We examined clinicopathological and molecular parameters of 42 patients treated with nephrectomy with the final pathology being PRCC. A tissue microarray consisting of the tumor specimens was constructed. Immunohistochemical staining was performed with antibodies directed against CAIX, CAXII, CXCR3, Gelsolin, HIF-1a, Ki-67, Vimentin, EpCAM, p21, p27, p53, pS6, pAkt, PTEN, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-R1, VEGF-R2, and VEGF-R3. Staining was analyzed by one anatomical pathologist (DS) who was blinded to outcome. Mann- Whitney’s U-test was used to compare marker expressions between type 1 and 2. Endpoint was disease-specific survival (DSS). Expression cut-offs were detected by using recursive partitioning. The Kaplan-Meier curves were compared using the log-rank test. Results: At last follow-up, 21 patients (50%) had died including 12 (29%) of RCC. The median follow-up for the patients alive was 8 years. Type 1 PRCC had significantly higher expression of nuclear p27, nuclear pAkt, and p53 compared with type 2. Since none of these 3 markers provided prognostic information, survival analyses were performed together for both types. Using the cut-offs identified with recursive partitioning, higher expression of Ki-67 (p=0.02), lower gelsolin (p&lt;0.001), lower p21 (p=0.01), higher cytoplasmic p27 (p=0.01), higher endothelial VEGF-A (p=0.01), lower epithelial VEGF-D (p=0.04), and lower endothelial VEGFR-3 (p=0.01) were adverse prognostic factors. Conclusions: Out of 19 molecular markers, a specific molecular profile for PRCC was identified. pAkt, p27, and p53 can assist in subdividing type 1 and type 2 PRCC. Ki-67, gelsolin, p21, p27 and proteins of the VEGF family were found to be important prognostic factors among these patients. Although prognostic relevant, the VEGF proteins cannot be used to differentiate type 1 and 2 PRCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Ex Vivo Drug Testing in Patient-derived Papillary Renal Cancer Cells Reveals EGFR and the BCL2 Family as Therapeutic Targets (2023)

We used a new approach to generate patient-derived cells from a specific type of kidney cancer. We showed that these cells have the same genetic background as the original tumour and can be used as models to study novel treatment options for this type of kidney cancer.
Investigation of Fast Wave Current Drive a High Nz Four-Loop Antenna in JFT-2M Tokamak (1992)

The 0.8MW, 200MHz fast wave current drive experiment has been investigated in JFT‐2M tokamak. An electron heating by the fast waves was performed successfully by using the four‐loop antenna which has a peaked parallel refractive index (Nz) of ∼6 at (0,π,0,π) phasing, however the absorption of fast wave at (0,π/2,π,3π.2) phasing for current drive was too small and then the resultant current drive was not clear. The new antenna, which has Nz∼6 at (0,π/2,π,3π/2) phasing, is employed. The loading characteristics show the excitation of fast waves and the performance of optimum spectral control. The absorption efficiency is consistent with that of the first antenna under the equal Nz condition and the coupling between fast waves and resonant electrons is observed at current drive phasing.
Properties of Nanosize Zinc Titanium Desulfurization Sorbents Promoted with Iron and Cerium Oxides (2008)

To improve the sulfidation and regeneration properties of Zn−Ti-based desulfurization sorbents, sorbents with 5 wt % of the promoters, iron or cerium oxide, were prepared and tested in a packed reactor under intermediate temperature conditions (H2S absorption at 480 °C, regeneration at 580 °C). These sorbents showed excellent sulfur-removing capacities without deactivation even after 10 cycles of absorption and regeneration. Their regeneration properties were also improved by the iron and cerium promoters. In the case of the iron promoter, heat was released when the metal sulfide was converted to the metal oxide, which improved the regeneration property of the Zn−Ti-based sorbent. In the case of the cerium promoter, there was no reaction with hydrogen sulfide gases, and the spent Zn−Ti-based sorbent was easily regenerated by virtue of the OSC (oxygen storage capacity) property of the cerium promoter, which easily converted the S of ZnS to SO2.
Heterojunction emitter for rear junction n-type solar cells (2009)

In this paper heterojunction emitters formed by intrinsic and doped amorphous silicon layers on top of the crystalline silicon are presented as a promising option for rear junction n-type silicon solar cells which are suited for the indoor application. In a preliminary test, n-type solar cells with a rear-junction heterojunction emitter show higher open circuit voltages compared to rear-junction cells with a screen-printed Al-alloyed emitter. 15.6% efficiency heterojunction emitter cells have been obtained without any optimization. From a characterization of the emitter saturation current density, we conclude that optimization of the amorphous silicon deposition conditions can improve the HIT emitter quality and that the implied open circuit voltage can be as high as 698 mV, which is very encouraging especially also for low light intensity applications.
Alleviating Semantic-level Shift: A Semi-supervised Domain Adaptation Method for Semantic Segmentation (2020)

Utilizing synthetic data for semantic segmentation can significantly relieve human efforts in labelling pixel-level masks. A key challenge of this task is how to alleviate the data distribution discrepancy between the source and target domains, i.e. reducing domain shift. The common approach to this problem is to minimize the discrepancy between feature distributions from different domains through adversarial training. However, directly aligning the feature distribution globally cannot guarantee consistency from a local view (i.e. semantic-level). To tackle this issue, we propose a semi-supervised approach named Alleviating Semantic-level Shift (ASS), which can promote the distribution consistency from both global and local views. We apply our ASS to two domain adaptation tasks, from GTA5 to Cityscapes and from Synthia to Cityscapes. Extensive experiments demonstrate that: (1) ASS can significantly outperform the current unsupervised state-of-the-arts by employing a small number of annotated samples from the target domain; (2) ASS can beat the oracle model trained on the whole target dataset by over 3 points by augmenting the synthetic source data with annotated samples from the target domain without suffering from the prevalent problem of overfitting to the source domain.