gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved synthesis of substituted dibenzo[l,4]dioxines (1990)

An improved general synthesis of substituted dibenzo[1,4]dioxines by reaction of catechol and substituted 1,2-dichloro- or 2-chloronitro-benzenes with metallic potassium in hexamethylphosphoramide is reported. The yields are generally superior to those in published methods, and in particular the reaction appears the one of choice for the synthesis of both the parent dibenzodioxine and the 1-carboxy derivative.
Ablation Properties of C Fibers and SiC Fibers Reinforced Glass Ceramic Matrix Composites Upon Oxyacetylene Torch Exposure (2011)

The ablation properties of two laminated composites, having both a glass ceramic matrix and different kinds of fibers (C or SiC) with the same architecture, are evaluated and compared. Ablation tests are performed using an oxyacetylene torch on samples having two different thicknesses. Mass loss and ablation depth are measured after flame exposure. The results obtained show that the decomposition of SiC fibers during thermal exposure has a significant impact on ablation behavior. Oxidation of SiC produces a liquid SiO2 film at the top of the material during ablation. This leads to an improved ablation resistance compared to the glass ceramic matrix/C composite, especially in case of successive flame exposures where the SiO2 film consumes a substantial fraction of the heat flow during its liquefaction upon re-heating.
Parametric boundary reconstruction algorithm for industrial CT metrology application (2009)

High-energy X-ray computed tomography (CT) systems have been recently used to produce high-resolution images in various nondestructive testing and evaluation (NDT/NDE) applications. The accuracy of the dimensional information extracted from CT images is rapidly approaching the accuracy achieved with a coordinate measuring machine (CMM), the conventional approach to acquire the metrology information directly. On the other hand, CT systems generate the sinogram which is transformed mathematically to the pixel-based images. The dimensional information of the scanned object is extracted later by performing edge detection on reconstructed CT images. The dimensional accuracy of this approach is limited by the grid size of the pixel-based representation of CT images since the edge detection is performed on the pixel grid. Moreover, reconstructed CT images usually display various artifacts due to the underlying physical process and resulting object boundaries from the edge detection fail to represent the true boundaries of the scanned object. In this paper, a novel algorithm to reconstruct the boundaries of an object with uniform material composition and uniform density is presented. There are three major benefits in the proposed approach. First, since the boundary parameters are reconstructed instead of image pixels, the complexity of the reconstruction algorithm is significantly reduced. The iterative approach, which can be computationally intensive, will be practical with the parametric boundary reconstruction. Second, the object of interest in metrology can be represented more directly and accurately by the boundary parameters instead of the image pixels. By eliminating the extra edge detection step, the overall dimensional accuracy and process time can be improved. Third, since the parametric reconstruction approach shares the boundary representation with other conventional metrology modalities such as CMM, boundary information from other modalities can be directly incorporated as prior knowledge to improve the convergence of an iterative approach. In this paper, the feasibility of parametric boundary reconstruction algorithm is demonstrated with both simple and complex simulated objects. Finally, the proposed algorithm is applied to the experimental industrial CT system data.
Mechamatronics: an automotive perspective (2004)

The automobile today is primarily a mechanical system focused on the conversion of energy from a variety of forms into mechanical effort and desired motion. Consequently, automobile designers and engineers have traditionally taken mechanically-oriented approaches to solving problems or enhancing the performance and functionality of the automobile. Unfortunately, this way of looking at problems severely limits the options available and has usually led to bulky, massive, inflexible and expensive solutions. Expanding the solution domain beyond the purview of traditional mechanical approaches can enhance the realization of effective solutions. This paper introduces the notion that "Mechamatronics," the integration of mechanical systems, smart materials and electronics, offers new degrees of freedom for achieving this goal.
Chemical constituents from three Inula species. Biological activities (2007)

The genus Inula consists of variable perennial herbs distributed in Asia, Europe, Africa and predominantly in the Mediterranean region (Asteraceae family, tribe Inuleae). Plants of the genus are used as traditional herbal medicines throughout the world [1]. Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton. (syn. Dittrichia viscosa (L.) Greuter) is a widespread Mediterranean plant proven to be a rich source of sesquiterpenes, lactones and flavonoids. Inula pseudolimonella (Rech. F.) and I. candida subsp. candida are both Greek endemic plants and have never been studied phytochemically before [2]. The non-polar (dichloromethane) and the polar (methanolic) extracts of all species were investigated thoroughly and afforded a new sesquiterpenoid lactone
Appearance Degradation and Chromatic Shift in Energy-Efficient Lighting Devices (2011)

All artificial lighting devices undergo some color shift over the course of their useful lifetime. Unlike incandescent and halogen lamps, which display a gradual shift along the Plankian locus, energy-efficient lamps degrade Color-Correlated Temperature (CCT), in a non-blackbody manner. This exacerbates a generally poor appearance, and can impede public acceptance, especially among residential users. We show the trend of degradation and chromatic shift of the two available incandescent replacements for residential general lighting, Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Compact Fluorescent (CFL). It is found that over the useful lifetime, not only does the efficiency of the lamp decrease, but the CCT and Color Rendering Index (CRI) of these lamps shifts continuously in an unfavorable manner. The majority of the shift is due to differential phosphor aging. In several cases, the shift is alarming in that the lamps start in a part of color space which is tenuous in its color acceptability, and shift into substantially inferior color space, with poor CRI and undesirable CCT. Possible solutions, using current LED and CFL technology, can only be implemented by paying a price in energy efficiency. Some solutions for the future which retain reasonable color and efficiency over lamp lifetime are discussed.
Characterization of thin textured tunnel oxide prepared by thermal oxidation of thin polysilicon film on silicon (1996)

In this paper, the characteristics of thin textured tunnel oxide prepared by thermal oxidation of thin polysilicon film on Si substrate (TOPS) are studied. Because of the rapid diffusion of oxygen through the grain boundaries of the thin polysilicon film into the Si substrate and the enhanced oxidation rate at the grain boundaries, the oxidation rate of the TOPS sample is close to that of a normal oxide grown on a (111) Si substrate. Also, a textured Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface is obtained. The textured Si/SiO/sub 2/ interface results in localized high fields and causes a much higher electron injection rate. The optimum TOPS sample can be obtained by properly oxidizing the stacked /spl alpha/-Si film, independent of the substrate doping level. Also, the optimum TOPS sample exhibits a smaller electron trapping rate and a lower interface state generation rate when compared to the sample from a standard tunnel oxide process. These differences are attributed to a lower bulk electric field and a smaller injection area in the TOPS samples.
Accurate Measurement of Sneak Current in ReRAM Crossbar Array with Data Storage Pattern Dependencies (2019)

In this paper, readout scheme in ReRAM crossbar array based on sneak current compensation is introduced. This scheme consists of two cycles. In the first measurement cycle, an accurate sneak current is measured which is dependent on the data storage patterns of the crossbar arrays in which the selector ON/OFF ratio is not large enough. In the second cycle, the measured sneak current is subtracted from the total bit line current to predict the cell current accurately. To make the measured sneak current accurate, the crossbar array is divided into many blocks only in one direction so that the impact of array size increase is minimal. The scheme is validated by using HSPICE.
Anthracycline-free tumor elimination in mice leads to functional and molecular cardiac recovery from cancer-induced alterations in contrast to long-lasting doxorubicin treatment effects (2021)

Systemic effects of advanced cancer impact on the heart leading to cardiac atrophy and functional impairment. Using a murine melanoma cancer model (B16F10 melanoma cells stably transduced with a Ganciclovir (GCV)-inducible suicide gene), the present study analysed the recovery potential of cancer-induced cardiomyopathy with or without use of doxorubicin (Dox). After Dox-free tumor elimination and recovery for 70 ± 5 days, cancer-induced morphologic, functional, metabolic and molecular changes were largely reversible in mice previously bearing tumors. Moreover, grip strength and cardiac response to angiotensin II-induced high blood pressure were comparable with healthy control mice. In turn, addition of Dox (12 mg/kg BW) to melanoma-bearing mice reduced survival in the acute phase compared to GCV-alone induced recovery, while long-term effects on cardiac morphologic and functional recovery were similar. However, Dox treatment was associated with permanent changes in the cardiac gene expression pattern, especially the circadian rhythm pathway associated with the DNA damage repair system. Thus, the heart can recover from cancer-induced damage after chemotherapy-free tumor elimination. In contrast, treatment with the cardiotoxic drug Dox induces, besides well-known adverse acute effects, long-term subclinical changes in the heart, especially of circadian clock genes. Since the circadian clock is known to impact on cardiac repair mechanisms, these changes may render the heart more sensitive to additional stress during lifetime, which, at least in part, could contribute to late cardiac toxicity.
Luteolin induced growth inhibition and apoptosis in hepatoma cells involving TGF-β and Fas/Fas-ligand signaling pathways (2007)

441 Anti-proliferative effects of flavonoids, such as luteolin and apigenin, were investigated on immortalized Chang liver cells, HepG2 (wild-type p53) cells and Hep3B (p53 deleted) cells. Luteolin showed more anti-proliferative effects on HepG2 and Hep3B cells than apigenin. However, luteolin and apigenin did not show any significant anti-proliferative effect on Chang liver cells. We thereafter used luteolin to study more detailed molecular mechanism involved in anti-proliferative effects on both cells. Luteolin-treated HepG2 and Hep3 cells showed typical apoptotic nuclear changes and the increase of a sub-G1 population. Flow cytometry analysis also revealed that luteolin induced G1 phase arrest on HepG2 and Hep3B cells dose- and time-dependent manners. Cell cycle related proteins, such as cyclin D1, Cdk4, Cdk2 as well as retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and E2F were down-regulated in HepG2 cells, while the expression level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21WAF1/CIP1, was increased in HepG2 cells after treatment with luteolin. However, Hep3B cells cells showed no significant induction of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p21WAF1/CIP1, which is regulated by p53 and instead showed significant upregulation of the expression level of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27 KIP1, which is regulated by TGF-β1 signaling pathway. To clarify the role of TGF-β1 signaling pathway in Hep3B cells, we examined the expression level of Smad4, which is a down stream regulator of the TGF-β1 signaling pathway, and identified the dose-dependent up-regulation of Smad4 proteins in Hep3B cells treated with luteolin. Fas/Fas-L signaling pathway was also involved at the apoptotic process in both cells treated with luteolin. Moreover, pro-caspase-3 was activated and showed the dose- and time-dependent cleavages of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in both cells. Luteolin also modulated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 to induce apoptosis in both cells treated with luteolin. Finally we examined the expression levels of transcription factors, such as c-Jun and c-Myc, and early growth response-1 (Egr-1), and found out that these transcription factors were significantly up-regulated in luteolin-treated HepG2 cells, but not in Hep3B cells. Therefore, these results suggest that the state of p53 protein in human hepatocarcinoma cells might have a key role on the regulation of susceptibility to luteolin. These findings also suggest that luteolin may have a potential to be developed as an anti-cancer agent. (This work was supported by grant No. R01-2006-000-11117-0 from the Basic Research Program of the Korea Science & Engineering Foundation).
Abstract 2060: Comprehensive multiparametric assay of hypoxia and reactive oxygen species in live cells using different instrumentation platforms (2011)

Abstract Hypoxia is a pathological condition in cells and tissue arising from oxygen deprivation. Cancer-associated hypoxia has been linked to drug treatment resistance, increased cell proliferation and metastatic potential, which overall contributes to poor patient prognosis. Many of the cellular responses to hypoxia are now known to be mediated by the production of reactive oxygen species at mitochondrial complex III. The importance of the maintenance of cellular oxygen supply requires further investigation into the role of ROS as hypoxia signaling molecules. Despite sustained interest in the association between hypoxia, ROS production and disease, methods for conveniently and reliably identifying and quantifying hypoxic cells as well as redox status in patients have remained elusive. We designed and synthesized a series of non-fluorescent or weakly fluorescent aromatic compounds that become fluorescent once activated by hypoxic conditions. The probes were validated using a variety of in vitro cell-based hypoxia model systems involving exposure to hypoxia-inducing compounds (CoCl2, desferrioxamine or dimethyloxalylglycine) or by incubation in an anoxic environment (95% N2, 5% CO2). In the in vitro cell-based hypoxia model systems, all tested probes exhibited strong fluorescent cytoplasmic signal, readily detectable by different instrumental platforms. For the real-time profiling of both hypoxic and redox cellular status, these self-immolative hypoxia probes were combined with various ROS detection probes and stained samples were analyzed using conventional fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. The described assay workflow facilitates rapid, reproducible, specific and relatively simple functional and quantitative detection of cellular oxygen status in a real-time format, and can readily be implemented on widely available instrumentation. The assay may be applicable to the screening of putative modulators of hypoxia or ROS production. Profiling of ROS is also possible when specific inhibitors of ROS are implied. The outlined fluorescence detection method offers an attractive approach for studying hypoxia and ROS pathways in a noninvasive manner, providing the ability for spatial and temporal resolution of cellular signaling events. The described multiparameter assay should find use in diverse applications relating to detection, quantification and localization of hypoxic cells in vivo and in vitro, as tools for the development of predictive assays or possibly as biosensors for early treatment monitoring and validation of potential endogenous hypoxia biomarkers and signaling molecules. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2060. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2060
Synthesis, Chiral High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Resolution and Enantiospecific Activity of a Potent New Geranylgeranyl Transferase Inhibitor, 2-Hydroxy-3-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl-2-phosphonopropionic Acid (2010)

3-(3-Pyridyl)-2-hydroxy-2-phosphonopropanoic acid (3-PEHPC, 1) is a phosphonocarboxylate (PC) analogue of 2-(3-pyridyl)-1-hydroxyethylidenebis(phosphonic acid) (risedronic acid, 2), an osteoporosis drug that decreases bone resorption by inhibiting farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) in osteoclasts, preventing protein prenylation. 1 has lower bone affinity than 2 and weakly inhibits Rab geranylgeranyl transferase (RGGT), selectively preventing prenylation of Rab GTPases. We report here the synthesis and biological studies of 2-hydroxy-3-imidazo[1,2-a]pyridin-3-yl-2-phosphonopropionic acid (3-IPEHPC, 3), the PC analogue of minodronic acid 4. Like 1, 3 selectively inhibited Rab11 vs. Rap 1A prenylation in J774 cells, and decreased cell viability, but was 33-60x more active in these assays. After resolving 3 by chiral HPLC (>98% ee), we found that (+)-3-E1 was much more potent than (-)-3-E2 in an isolated RGGT inhibition assay, approximately 17x more potent (LED 3 microM) than (-)-3-E2 in inhibiting Rab prenylation in J774 cells and >26x more active in the cell viability assay. The enantiomers of 1 exhibited a 4-fold or smaller potency difference in the RGGT and prenylation inhibition assays.
In Vitro Comparison of Three Different Chimeric Receptor-modified Effector T-cell Populations for Leukemia Cell Therapy (2011)

The identification of the optimal T-cell effector subtype is a crucial issue for adoptive cell therapy with chimeric receptor-modified T cells. The ideal T cell population must be able to home toward tumor site, exert prolonged antitumoral activity, and display minimal toxicity against normal tissues. Therefore, we characterized the in vitro antitumoral properties of three effector T-cell populations: Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs), cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells, and γ₉δ₂ T (GDT) cells, after transduction with a chimeric receptor specific for the CD33 antigen, broadly expressed on acute myeloid leukemia cells. EBV-CTLs, CIK, and GDT cells were generated and transduced with high efficiency with a retroviral vector coding for an anti-CD33-ζ chimeric receptor without alterations of their native phenotype. Anti-CD33-ζ chimeric receptor-redirected T cells displayed analogous in vitro chemotactic activity toward CXCL12. In addition, anti-CD33-ζ chimeric receptor-expressing EBV-CTLs, CIK, and GDT cells showed potent and similar cytotoxicity against several CD33⁺ leukemic targets both in short-term 4-hours-⁵¹chromium-release assays (mean killing vs primary leukemic cells at effector:target ratio of 5:1; 50%, 61%, and 50% for EBV-CTLs, CIK, and GDT cells, respectively) and in long-term assays, where they were cocultured with leukemic cells for 6 days on stromal mesenchymal cells (mean survival of primary leukemic cells at effector:target ratio of 1:100; 18%, 16%, and 29% for EBV-CTLs, CIK, and GDT cells, respectively). Moreover, all effector cells acquired consistent capability to proliferate in vitro after contact with CD33⁺ cells and to release high and comparable levels of immunostimulatory cytokines, while secreting similar low amount of immunoregulatory cytokines as the unmanipulated counterpart. Our results indicate that expression of an anti-CD33-ζ chimeric receptor potently and similarly increase the antileukemic functions of different effector T-cell subtypes, underlying the impossibility to identify a more potent T-cell population through in vitro analysis, and consistently with recent observations that have emerged from clinical trials with chimeric receptor-modified T cells, suggesting the need to perform such type of studies in the human setting.
Mapping of a Lattice-Plane Tilting in a GaN Wafer Using Energy-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction Topography (2019)

In industrial semiconductor fabrication, it is important to determine the quality of an entire wafer, not just a small area. Energy-resolved x-ray diffraction topography is important for visualizing the tilting distribution of a crystal lattice over a large area, yet in spite of technical progress it has been difficult to analyze a whole wafer qualitatively. By analyzing diffracted-angle positions of a two-dimensional detector under one-dimensional polychromatic (white) x-ray illumination, the authors visualize the periodic lattice-tilting structure over a large area on a substrate. This approach will have an impact on improving manufacturing processes for single-crystal wafers.
A scalable and effective full-text search in P2P networks (2009)

We consider the problem of full-text search involving multi-term queries in a network of self-organizing, autonomous peers. Existing approaches do not scale well with respect to the number of peers, because they either require access to a large number of peers or incur a high communication cost in order to achieve good query results. In this paper, we present a novel algorithmic framework for processing multi-term queries in P2P networks that achieves high recall while using (per-query) a small number of peers and a low communication cost, thereby enabling high query throughput. Our approach is based on per-query peer-selection strategy using two-dimensional histograms of score distributions. A full utilization of the histograms incurs a high communication cost. We show how to drastically reduce this cost by employing a two-phase peer-selection algorithm. We also describe an adaptive approach to peer selection that further increases the recall. Experiments on a large real-world collection show that the recall is indeed high while the number of involved peers and the communication cost are low.
Above 20% external quantum efficiency in novel hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes having green thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitter (2014)

High efficiency hybrid type white organic light-emitting diodes (WOLEDs) combining a green thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) emitting material with red/blue phosphorescent emitting materials were developed by manipulating the device architecture of WOLEDs. Energy transfer between a blue phosphorescent emitting material and a green TADF emitter was efficient and could be managed by controlling the doping concentration of emitters. A high quantum efficiency above 20% was achieved in the hybrid WOLEDs by optimizing the device structure of the hybrid type WOLEDs for the first time and the device performances of the hybrid WOLEDs were comparable to those of all phosphorescent WOLEDs.
Publisher Correction: Achieving high permeability and enhanced selectivity for Angstrom-scale separations using artificial water channel membranes (2018)

The original version of this Article contained an error in the spelling of the author Woochul Song, which was incorrectly given as Woochul C. Song. This has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Practical Route to 7‐Hydroxy‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one from p‐Anisidine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.