gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Copper Matrix Composite by Combustion Synthesis and Simultaneous Bonding with Aluminum (1999)

Bonding between a copper matrix composite and aluminum with the help of the heat of reaction was investigated. The copper matrix composite was synthesized by a combustion reaction between copper, titanium, and AlB12. The reaction between these elemental powders initiated at 1368 K, which was very close to the melting point of copper. As a result of the reaction, TiB2 particles were formed in Cu-Al alloy matrix. The defects (i.e. unbonded parts and/or cracks) at the interface between aluminum and copper matrix composites were reduced by increasing the mixture ratio of both titanium and AlB12 against copper. The formation of the defects at the interface was prevented by the insert of pure copper layer to the aluminum/Cu-composite interface.
Management der Polyneuropathie beim Multiplen Myelom unter der Therapie mit Bortezomib: Empfehlungen aus klinischen Erfahrungen (2011)

Die bortezomibinduzierte periphere Neuropathie (PNP) beim Multiplen Myelom (MM) kann sich schnell entwickeln und fortschreiten. Durch rasches therapeutisches Eingreifen kann das Auftreten neuropathischer Schmerzen und die Weiterentwicklung zu höhergradigen Formen der PNP möglicherweise vermieden werden. Eine Expertenrunde aus Hämatologen und Neurologen gibt diesbezüglich Empfehlungen basierend auf ihren Erfahrungen. Als Basisuntersuchung für eine Verlaufsbeurteilung des Schweregrades einer PNP sind Erhebungen des neurologischen Ausgangsbefundes und neurologische Untersuchungen während der Bortezomibtherapie erforderlich. Diese können vom Hämatologen selbst durchgeführt werden, wobei ein Selbstauskunftsbogen des Patienten als wichtiges Instrument angesehen werden kann. Tritt eine bortezomibassoziierte PNP auf, ist die Therapie zu modifizieren. Internationale Experten benutzen hierzu unterschiedliche Schemata, evidenz-basierte Daten sind spärlich. Bei Polyneuropathien, die durch Komorbiditäten verursacht werden, kann schon vor Therapiebeginn eine Reduktion der Dosis überlegt werden. Die Behandlung der PNP selbst wird in diesem Manuskript erörtert. Medikamentöse und nicht medikamentöse Optionen können häufig zu einer deutlichen Symptomerleichterung oder -kupierung der PNP-Beschwerden führen.
Interview. Le regard de l’historien sur le maire (2017)

1ers paragraphe : L’Association des maires de France (AMF) est le fruit de deux associations qui s’étaient constituées en 1905 et en 1907. La première des deux s’était mobilisée pour des raisons fiscales, en lien notamment avec la préservation de recettes d’octroi et de redevances d’occupation du sous-sol, pour essayer de faire plier les grandes compagnies d’eau.\n\nLa seconde association avait vu le jour dans le but d’encadrer les usages parfois politiques des prérogatives préfectorales, qui n’étaient pas rares durant la République militante d’Emile Combes. Dès la fusion entre ces deux entités en 1925, l’Association des maires de France joue un rôle important dans les évolutions législatives et réglementaires (en particulier avec le décret-loi de 1926 qui allège la tutelle de l’Etat sur les collectivités et accroît la déconcentration dans toute une série de domaines), avant d’être reconnue d’utilité publique en 1933.
Phosphanalkylene, 54[1a]. Kumulierte ylide, 21[1b]. Ein neuer weg zu N‐substituierten (triphenylphosphoranyliden)keteniminen (1993)

Abstract Phosphane Alkylenes, 54 [1a] . – Cumulated Ylides, 21 [1b] . – A New Way to N ‐Substituted (Triphenylphosphoranylidene)‐ketenimines Reaction of methylenetriphenylphosphorane ( 1 ) with isothiocyanates 5 leads to ylides 6B , which can be methylated at the S atom to give the phosphonium salts 8 . Treatment of 8 with sodium methanolate gives rise to formation of the phosphoranes 10 , which on treatment with sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)‐amide undergo β‐elimination to form the N ‐substituted (tri‐phenylphosphoranylidene)ketenimines 3 .
Cation distribution in Eu2+- and/or Eu3+-containing inorganic compounds (2005)

largest value of a d ijk amounts to 0.34(4) pm/V. However, in spite of the relatively small coefficients d ijk there are some interesting aspects for application of Li 2 SO 4 H 2 O as a SHG material: availability of large high-quality crystals, transparency in the UV region and possibility of phase-matching in the range from near UV to near IR.
High‐contention mutual exclusion by elevator algorithms (2018)

Summary This paper presents new starvation‐free hardware‐assisted and software‐only algorithms for the N ‐thread mutual‐exclusion problem. The hardware‐assisted versions use a single atomic‐ CAS instruction and no fences. The software‐only algorithms simulate the CAS instruction using a variation of Burns‐Lamport (1 fence) or Lamport's fast algorithm (3 fences). The algorithms are based on Attiya et al, where every thread in the critical section chooses its successor (if one is available). While Attiya et al use a binary tree for this purpose, it can also be done with a linear search. Surprisingly, all software‐only algorithms perform equally well under maximal contention on three different computer architectures; the hardware‐assisted versions perform better under minimal contention. The new algorithms are between −5% to 50% slower for maximal contention than the starvation‐free first‐come first‐served hardware‐assisted MCS algorithm, which uses two atomic instructions (fetch‐store and CAS); they are between 10% to 50% slower than MCS for minimal contention.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Cross-Species Functional Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Identifies a Critical Role for CLCF1 and IL-6 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 20K, Survival prognosis of a mouse CAF-secretory gene signature in human NSCLC&lt;/p&gt;
Visualization of Confined Jet Impingement With Boiling Using Time-Resolved Stereo-PIV (2015)

Two-phase liquid-vapor flow field measurements of confined jet impingement with boiling are performed using time-resolved stereo particle image velocimetry (stereo-PIV). A single circular jet of water, impinges normally from a 3.75 mm-diameter orifice onto a submerged circular heat source at an orifice-to-target spacing of 4 jet diameters. The impinging jet outflow including the vapor generated at the heat source are confined between the jet orifice plate and the bottom test section wall. Fluorescent seeding particles (10 μm in diameter) and time-resolved PIV measurements (taken at a sampling rate of 750 Hz) allow for imaging of the instantaneous interactions between the liquid and vapor structures. Liquid-phase velocity vectors within the two-phase flow field (with high vapor fractions) are presented as a function of heat flux at jet Reynolds numbers of 5,000 and 15,000 and contrasted with single-phase flow. The time-resolved measurements are used to highlight the influence of the vapor phase on the liquid flow field. It is found that bubble formation effectively blocks the developing wall-jet flow on the heated surface. The resulting liquid flow field in the confinement gap is dominated by vapor motion rather than by the entrainment from the developing wall jet.
Supplemental figures from Mitochondria-Targeted Analogues of Metformin Exhibit Enhanced Antiproliferative and Radiosensitizing Effects in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1: Chemical structures of mitochondria-targeted metformin analogs and the synthetic pathway. Supplemental Figure 2: Effects of Met and Mito-Met10 on proliferation of mouse pancreatic cancer cells. Supplemental Figure 3: The effects of Mito-Met10, Met and other mitochondria-targeted agents (MTAs) on intracellular ATP level and cell death in MiaPaCa-2 cells. Supplemental Figure 4: Mito-Met10, but not control long chain compound (Dec-TPP+), exhibits selectivity in inhibition of cancer cell viability. Supplemental Figure 5: Effects of Mito-Met2 and Mito-Met6 on PDAC proliferation. Supplemental Figure 6: Intracellular concentrations of Mito-Met10 in cancer and normal cells. Supplemental Figure 7: Intracellular redox signaling in Mito-Met10-treated PDAC cells. Supplemental Figure 8: Measurement of respiratory activity in permeabilized cells using extracellular flux analysis and effects of Mito-Met10 and Met on mitochondrial complex I activity. Supplemental Figure 9: Mito-Met10 and metformin directly inhibit pyruvate-driven, but not succinate-driven, respiration in permeabilized cells. Supplemental Figure 10: High concentrations of Mito-Met10 induce cellular oxidants in HPNE cells. Supplemental Figure 11: Tissue accumulation of Mito-Met10 in in vivo FC-1242-luc orthotopic mouse model.&lt;/p&gt;
A Transport Network View of the Link Management Protocol (LMP) (2006)

The Link Management Protocol (LMP) has been developed as part of the Generalized MPLS (GMPLS) protocol suite to manage Traffic Engineering (TE) resources and links. The GMPLS control plane (routing and signaling) uses TE links for establishing Label Switched Paths (LSPs). This memo describes the relationship of the LMP procedures to 'discovery' as defined in the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T), and ongoing ITU-T work. This document provides an overview of LMP in the context of the ITU-T Automatically Switched Optical Networks (ASON) and transport network terminology and relates it to the ITU-T discovery work to promote a common understanding for progressing the work of IETF and ITU-T.
Simultaneous Assessment of Clearance, Metabolism, Induction, and Drug-Drug Interaction Potential Using a Long-Term In Vitro Liver Model for a Novel Hepatitis B Virus Inhibitor (2018)

Long-term in vitro liver models are now widely explored for human hepatic metabolic clearance prediction, enzyme phenotyping, cross-species metabolism, comparison of low clearance drugs, and induction studies. Here, we present studies using a long-term liver model, which show how metabolism and active transport, drug-drug interactions, and enzyme induction in healthy and diseased states, such as hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, may be assessed in a single test system to enable effective data integration for physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling. The approach is exemplified in the case of (3S)-4-[[(4R)-4-(2-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-5-methoxycarbonyl-2-thiazol-2-yl-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-6-yl]methyl]morpholine-3-carboxylic acid RO6889678, a novel inhibitor of HBV with a complex absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) profile. RO6889678 showed an intracellular enrichment of 78-fold in hepatocytes, with an apparent intrinsic clearance of 5.2 <i>µ</i>l/min per mg protein and uptake and biliary clearances of 2.6 and 1.6 <i>µ</i>l/min per mg protein, respectively. When apparent intrinsic clearance was incorporated into a PBPK model, the simulated oral human profiles were in good agreement with observed data at low doses but were underestimated at high doses due to unexpected overproportional increases in exposure with dose. In addition, the induction potential of RO6889678 on cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes and transporters at steady state was assessed and cotreatment with ritonavir revealed a complex drug-drug interaction with concurrent P450 inhibition and moderate UDP-glucuronosyltransferase induction. Furthermore, we report on the first evaluation of in vitro pharmacokinetics studies using HBV-infected HepatoPac cocultures. Thus, long-term liver models have great potential as translational research tools exploring pharmacokinetics of novel drugs in vitro in health and disease.
A Synthetic Data Generator for Clustering and Outlier Analysis (2006)

We present a distribution-based and transformation-based approach to synthetic data generation and demonstrate that the approach is very efficient in generating different types of multi-dimensional numerical datasets for data clustering and outlier analysis. We developed a data generating system that is able to systematically create testing datasets based on user’s requirements such as the number of points, the number of clusters, the size, shapes and locations of clusters, and the density level of either cluster data or noise/outliers in a dataset. Two standard probability distributions are considered in data generation. One is uniform distribution and the other is normal distribution. Since outlier detection, especially local outlier detection, is conducted in the context of clusters of a dataset, our synthetic data generator is suitable for both clustering and outlier analysis. In addition, the data format has been carefully designed so that generated data can be visualized not only by our system but also by some popular statistical rendering tools such as statCrunch [16] and statPoint [17] that display data with standard statistical graphical approaches. To our knowledge, our system is probably the first synthetic data generation system that systematically generates datasets for evaluating the clustering and outlier analysis algorithms. Being an object-oriented system, the current data generator can be easily integrated into other data analysis systems.
Second-Site Suppression of RNase E Essentiality by Mutation of thedeaDRNA Helicase in Escherichia coli (2012)

Escherichia coli cells normally require RNase E activity to propagate and form colonies. Using random Tn10 insertion mutagenesis, we screened for second-site suppressor mutations that restore colony-forming ability (CFA) to E. coli cells lacking RNase E function and found mutations in three separate chromosomal loci that had this phenotype. Restoration of CFA by mutations in two of the genes identified was observed only in nutrient-poor medium, whereas the effects of mutation of the ATP-dependent RNA helicase DeaD were medium independent. Suppression of the rne mutant phenotype by inactivation of deaD was partial, as rne deaD doubly mutant bacteria had a greatly prolonged generation time and grew as filamentous chains in liquid medium. Moreover, we found that CFA restoration by deaD inactivation requires normal expression of the endogenous rng gene in doubly mutant rne deaD cells. Second-site suppression by deaD mutation was attributable specifically to ablation of the helicase activity of DeaD and was reversed by adventitious expression of RhlE or RNase R, both of which can unwind double-stranded RNA. Our results suggest a previously unsuspected role for RNA secondary structure as a determinant of RNase E essentiality.
Stator Winding Fault Detection Using External Search Coil and Artificial Neural Network (2020)

This paper presents a methodology for winding stator fault detection of induction motors, using an external search coil, which is a noninvasive technique and can be applied during motor operation. The dispersion magnetic flux of the motor operating in abnormal conditions induces a voltage in the search coil that differs from a reference pattern corresponding to the healthy stator winding. Experimental data were obtained in a test bench using a 0.75 kW three-phase squirrel-cage induction motor with the stator winding modified to allow the introduction of short circuits. This work considered short circuits in one phase, involving 1%, 3%, 5% and 10% of the turns, with the motor loaded with a varying torque. Fault diagnosis is obtained through two models of artificial neural networks, implemented with the signals in the time domain. The obtained results demonstrated that the developed methodology presents difficulties in predicting short circuits in incipient stages, but for short circuits of higher severity, the behaviour improved substantially, being 100% successful for faults with 10% turns short-circuited.
Interconversion of exceptional points between different orders in non-Hermitian systems (2022)

Abstract Singularities of non-Hermitian systems typified by exceptional points (EPs) are critical for understanding non-Hermitian topological phases and trigger many intriguing phenomena. However, it remains unexplored what happens when EPs meet one another. Here, in a typical four-level model with both touching and crossing intersections of EP hypersurfaces, we report the interconversion mechanisms between EPs of different orders. By examining both the eigenvalues and eigenvectors, we show analytically that all EPs of higher orders are formed at the touching intersections of two different types of EP hypersurfaces of lower orders. Contrarily, the crossing intersection of EP structures lowers the order of EPs. The mechanisms of the increase and decrease in defectiveness discovered here are expected to hold for EPs of any order in various non-Hermitian systems, providing a comprehensive understanding of EPs and inspiration toward advanced applications such as biosensing and information processing.
Imaging of Her2‐targeted magnetic nanoparticles for breast cancer detection: comparison of SQUID‐detected magnetic relaxometry and MRI (2012)

Both magnetic relaxometry and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to detect and locate targeted magnetic nanoparticles, noninvasively and without ionizing radiation. Magnetic relaxometry offers advantages in terms of its specificity (only nanoparticles are detected) and the linear dependence of the relaxometry signal on the number of nanoparticles present. In this study, detection of single-core iron oxide nanoparticles by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-detected magnetic relaxometry and standard 4.7 T MRI are compared. The nanoparticles were conjugated to a Her2 monoclonal antibody and targeted to Her2-expressing MCF7/Her2-18 (breast cancer cells); binding of the nanoparticles to the cells was assessed by magnetic relaxometry and iron assay. The same nanoparticle-labeled cells, serially diluted, were used to assess the detection limits and MR relaxivities. The detection limit of magnetic relaxometry was 125 000 nanoparticle-labeled cells at 3 cm from the SQUID sensors. T(2)-weighted MRI yielded a detection limit of 15 600 cells in a 150 µl volume, with r(1) = 1.1 mm(-1) s(-1) and r(2) = 166 mm(-1) s(-1). Her2-targeted nanoparticles were directly injected into xenograft MCF7/Her2-18 tumors in nude mice, and magnetic relaxometry imaging and 4.7 T MRI were performed, enabling direct comparison of the two techniques. Co-registration of relaxometry images and MRI of mice resulted in good agreement. A method for obtaining accurate quantification of microgram quantities of iron in the tumors and liver by relaxometry was also demonstrated. These results demonstrate the potential of SQUID-detected magnetic relaxometry imaging for the specific detection of breast cancer and the monitoring of magnetic nanoparticle-based therapies.
Design of narrow band-pass filters based on the resonant-tunneling phenomenon in multi-core photonic crystal fibers (2005)

The objective of the present paper is to introduce and numerically demonstrate the operation of a novel band-pass filter based on the phenomenon of resonant tunneling inmulti-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The proposed PCF consists of two identical cores separated by a third one which acts as a resonator. With a fine adjustment of the design parameters associated with the resonant-core, phase matching at a single wavelength can be achieved, thus enabling very narrow-band resonant directional coupling between the input and the output cores. The validation of the design is ensured with an accurate PCF analysis based on finite element and beam propagation algorithms. The proposed narrow band-pass filter can be employed in various applications such as all fiber and pass/bandstop filtering.
Abstract 2439: Clinical Profile and Risk of Sudden Death in Children with Timothy Syndrome (2006)

Timothy Syndrome (TS) is the most malignant form of Long QT Syndrome (LQTS): patients (pts) have the LQTS cardiac phenotype and multisystem disorders such as neuropsychiatric manifestations, syndactyly, immune system dysfunction, hypoglicemia and cardiac malformations. TS is caused by a single mutation (G406R) in the CACNA1C gene encoding the cardiac voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav1.2). We report here clinical data on the largest series of TS patients (22 patients from 24 families) derived from our TS Registry. Data were available since birth and the mean age at last contact was 6 + 6 years. Genetic diagnosis was available in 16/24 pts while for 8 pts DNA could not be obtained. The ECG showed a mean QTc of 600 msec (range 510 –700 msec); 13 patients had a QTc > 600 msec; functional 2:1 AV block was present in 18 pts and macroscopic T wave alternans in 7 pts. Sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias occurred in 19/24 (79%) pts. Congenital heart disease was diagnosed in 55%. Hand/feet syndactyly was present in all patients, facial dysmorphisms in 91%, sepsis occurred in 50% (9/18) and neuropsychiatric disorders in 83%. Response to antiarrhythmic therapy is reported in the table. In 3 families multiple children were affected despite parents did not carry the G406R CACNA1C mutation in genomic DNA: in 2 cases the mutation was identified in DNA extracted from tissues (somatic mutation), in the third case prenatal diagnosis identified the mutation in the fetus. In conclusion: Timothy syndrome is a rare, highly malignant disease that mandates an aggressive management SCD occurs at very young age despite betablockers even when combined with PM and/or LSGx death occurs not only for cardiac arrhythmias but also for extracardiac conditions that should therefore be carefully monitored transmission through somatic mutations warrants careful genetic counseling for TS families.
Abstract A61: Human BDCA3high dendritic cells infiltrate breast and ovarian tumors but are functionally altered (2017)

Abstract Dendritic cells (DC) are key cellular players in the induction of antigen-specific anti-tumoral immunity. BDCA3high DC are equivalent to mouse CD8α+ DC and specialized for Ag cross-presentation. Interestingly, they are also the main producers of interferon-λ (IFN-λ), a recently discovered cytokine family with antiviral, anti-proliferative and anti-tumoral properties. In this study, we first demonstrated by multiparametric flow cytometry that human BDCA3high DC are present in breast and ovarian tumors. Secondly, we observed that their IFN-λ synthesis upon TLR3 activation is reduced compared to their blood equivalents. Using in vitro BDCA3high DC generated from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells, we are currently deciphering mechanisms of this alteration. This study shows for the first time the infiltration of solid tumors by this rare DC subset and highlights a functional DC alteration which has to be taken into account in the design of new anti-tumoral immunotherapeutic strategies. Grants: Ligue contre le cancer, ANRS, INCA (PL BIO2011-155) Citation Format: Margaux Hubert, Anne-Claire Doffin, Estelle Verronese, Isabelle Durand, Christophe Caux, Jenny Valladeau-Guilemond. Human BDCA3high dendritic cells infiltrate breast and ovarian tumors but are functionally altered. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2016 Oct 20-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2017;5(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A61.
75 GENE EXPRESSION PROFILING CAN DISTINGUISH PHYSIOLOGIC B-CELL CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA CLONAL EXPANSIONS FROM PRELEUKEMIC AND LEUKEMIC CLONES. (2006)

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A model for mobility degradation in highly doped arsenic layers (1996)

As arsenic doping concentration increases past the electrical solubility limit, a significant fraction of the arsenic becoming electrically inactive. This inactive arsenic results in an electron mobility degradation. Using laser melt annealing and subsequent deactivation anneals, mobility was studied as a function of active and inactive dose. A model is presented for this effect based on the theory of scattering by neutral defects. Using the model, it is possible to extract active concentration profiles from resistive measurements.