gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PItcHPERFeCT: Primary Intracranial Hemorrhage Probability Estimation using Random Forests on CT (2017)

All results presented are for the 102 scans in the validation set. The median DSI for each model was: 0.89 (logistic), 0.885 (LASSO), 0.88 (GAM), and 0.899 (random forest). Using the random forest results in a slightly higher median DSI compared to the other models. After Bonferroni correction, the hypothesis of equality of median DSI was rejected only when comparing the random forest DSI to the DSI from the logistic (<i>p</i> < 0.001), LASSO (<i>p</i> < 0.001), or GAM (<i>p</i> < 0.001) models. In practical terms the difference between the random forest and the logistic regression is quite small. The correlation (95% CI) between the volume from manual segmentation and the predicted volume was 0.93 (0.9,0.95) for the random forest model. These results indicate that random forest approach can achieve accurate segmentation of ICH in a population of patients from a variety of imaging centers. We provide an R package (https://github.com/muschellij2/ichseg) and a Shiny R application online (http://johnmuschelli.com/ich_segment_all.html) for implementing and testing the proposed approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel A‐Ring Cleaved Analogues of Oleanolic and Ursolic Acids Which Affect Growth Regulation in NRP.152 Prostate Cells. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phase behavior in the CdTe–CdS pseudobinary system (2002)

Polycrystalline thin films deposited by coevaporation of CdTe and CdS form metastable single-phase CdTe–CdS alloys. Subsequent heating in a kinetic-enhancing ambient segregates CdTe1−xSx and CdS1−yTey phases from the original alloy phase. The equilibrium miscibility gap between the resulting CdTe1−xSx and CdS1−yTey alloy phases is determined for CdTe1−xSx films with initial x ∼ 0.4 treated from 360 to 700 °C. At 625 °C, the equilibrium compositions correspond to published results for mixed crystals. Below 625 °C the miscibility gap widens asymmetrically due to different mixing free energies for S in CdTe and Te in CdS. The solubility thermodynamics are modeled with an excess mixing free energy to account for nonideal mixing behavior.
DNA Origami Mask for Sub-Ten-Nanometer Lithography (2016)

DNA nanotechnology is currently widely explored and especially shows promises for advanced lithography due to its ability to define nanometer scale features. We demonstrate a 9 × 14 nm(2) hole pattern transfer from DNA origami into an SiO2 layer with a sub-10-nm resolution using anhydrous HF vapor in a semiconductor etching machine. We show that the resulting SiO2 pattern inherits its shape from the DNA structure within a process time ranging from 30 to 60 s at an etching rate of 0.2 nm/s. At 600 s of etching, the SiO2 pattern meets corrosion and the overall etching reaction is blocked. These results, in addition to the entire surface coverage by magnesium occurring on the substrate at a density of 1.1 × 10(15) atom/cm(2), define a process window, fabrication rules, and limits for DNA-based lithography.
Structural and Optical Investigation of GaInP Quantum Dots According to the Growth Thickness for the 700 nm Light Emitters (2013)

We investigate Ga0.33In0.67P quantum dot structures appropriate for special lighting applications in terms of structural and optical behaviors. The Ga0.33In0.67P materials form from 2-dimentional to 3-dimensional dots as the nominal growth thickness increases from 0.5 nm to 6.0 nm, indicating a Stranski-Krastanov growth mode. As the ambient temperature is increased to 300 K, the PL spectrum of the B-type dots is annihilated quickly because the large dot size induces a defect-related nonradiative recombination process. In contrast, the PL spectrum of the A-type dots is well maintained to 300 K. These data indicate that the Ga0.33In0.67P material is appropriate for an active layer of 700 nm light emitters.
Multi-HMM classification for hand gesture recognition using two differing modality sensors (2014)

This paper presents a multi-Hidden Markov Model (HMM) classification approach for hand gesture recognition by utilizing two differing modality and low-cost sensors. The sensors consist of a Kinect depth camera and a wearable inertial sensor. It is shown that the multi-HMM classification based on nine signals that are simultaneously captured by these two sensors leads to a more robust recognition compared to the situation when only a single HMM classification is used to generate the likelihood probabilities of hand gestures. This approach is applied to the hand gestures of the $1Unistroke Recognizer application and the results obtained indicate a 7% improvement in the overall classification rate over a single HMM classification under realistic conditions.
Effects of Coupling Agent on the Mechanical Properties of Silica-Filled Liquid-EPDM Cured by Hydrosilylation Reaction (2007)

液状エチレンプロピレンジエンゴム(EPDM)は，その優れた流動特性から，精密成形やインサート成形が可能であるが，固体状 EPDM に比べて機械的強度が低い欠点を有する．本研究では，液状 EPDM の機械的強度向上を目的とし，ヒドロシリル化反応を利用して架橋(ヒドロシリコーン架橋)したシリカ充てん液状 EPDM の強度特性に及ぼすシランカップリング剤の影響について検討した．シランカッ プリング剤，EPDM および架橋剤間の化学結合形成について，29Si NMR, 1H NMR および赤外吸収測定から検討した結果，液状 EPDM は架橋剤であるヒドロシリコーン化合物とシランカップリング剤を介して，シリカと結合形成していることが明らかとなり，シランカップリング剤を添加した系は，有効網目鎖密度が小さい領域において，引張強さ，引張強さと破断伸びの積(抗張積)が向上することがわかった．
Citizen-Led Sampling to Monitor Phosphate Levels in Freshwater Environments Using a Simple Paper Microfluidic Device (2021)

We demonstrate how a combination of paper microfluidic devices and handheld mobile technology can be used by citizen scientists to carry out a sustained water monitoring campaign. We have developed a paper-based analysis device and a 3 minute sampling workflow that requires no more than a container, a test device and a smartphone app. The contaminant measured in these pilots are phosphates, detectable down to 3 mg L-1. Together these allow volunteers to successfully carry out cost-effective, high frequency, phosphate monitoring over an extended geographies and periods.
TOA estimation improvements in multipath environments by measurement error models (2017)

Many positioning systems rely on accurate time of arrival measurements. In this paper, we address not only the accuracy but also the relevance of Time of Arrival (TOA) measurement error modeling. We discuss how better knowledge of these errors can improve relative distance estimation, and compare the impact of differently detailed measurement error information. These models are compared in simulations based on models derived from an Ultra Wideband (UWB) measurement campaign. The conclusion is that significant improvements can be made without providing detailed received signal information but with a generic and relevant measurement error model.
Low resistance and highly reflective ohmic contacts to p ‐type GaN using transparent interlayers for flip‐chip light emitting diodes (2006)

Abstract Zn (3 nm)/Rh (100 nm) and oxidized Ag‐ITO (100 nm)/Al (200 nm) schemes for the formation of low resistance and highly reflective ohmic contacts for flip‐chip light emitting diodes were investigated. It is shown that annealing the samples at 430 and 530 °C for 1 min in air results in good ohmic behaviors with specific contact resistances of ∼10 –5 Ωcm 2 LEDs fabricated using the Zn/Rh contact layers give forward‐bias voltages of 3.09–3.12 V at the injection current of 20 mA. Furthermore, the oxidized Ag‐ITO film/Al contacts also show good ohmic characteristics with contact resistivity of 10 –5 Ωcm 2 when annealed at 330 °C for 5 min in vacuum. LEDs fabricated using the oxidized Ag‐ITO film/Al contacts layers give forward‐bias voltages of ∼3.40 V at 20 mA. It is clearly shown that a transparent contact interlayer is necessary to make high‐quality ohmic contacts to p ‐type GaN for thermally stable flip‐chip LEDs using Rh‐ and Al‐reflectors. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spatio-temporal pulses with controllable propagation properties based on a combination of spatial modes on different frequency comb lines (2022)

There is growing interest in optical pulses that can be uniquely tailored in both the spatial and time domains. Such dynamic light pulses can be controlled in terms of their propagation properties. The control can be accomplished by combining two different topics, structured light using orthogonal spatial modes and optical frequency combs. By using a set of spatial modes on multiple different comb lines, various types of dynamic spatio-temporal pulses with controllable properties can be produced. This talk will present simulation and experimental results of controllable S-T pulses.
In Vivo Antegrade Fenestration of Abdominal Aortic Stent-Grafts (2007)

In vivo antegrade fenestration of aortic endografts is technically feasible. However, improvements in technique, instrumentation, and materials are required to make it a reliable and reproducible way of allowing stent-graft vascularization of aortic side branches.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Acetaldehyde Acetals from Primary Alcohols. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-Rate Deposition of Amorphous Silicon Films by Microwave-Excited High-Density Plasma (2011)

In this study, the deposition of amorphous silicon (a-Si) thin films using a microwave-excited high-density plasma system is described. We investigate the effects of plasma excitation gas species (argon or helium), total gas pressure, silane (SiH4) flow rate, and substrate stage temperature, estimating the resultant films from cross-sectional morphology, photoconductivity, and dark conductivity measured without light-induced degradation. It is confirmed that high-quality a-Si films (photosensitivity= 1.29 ×106) can be formed in the plasma excitation gas helium at a pressure of 13.3 Pa by relatively high rate (1.1 nm/s) deposition. At the same time, we measure the plasma emission derived from various radicals such as Si and SiH radicals in order to discuss the mechanism of radical generation in the plasma. The result of the measurement implies that when argon is used as plasma excitation gas, metastable states of argon markedly dissociate silane, which produces low-quality a-Si films. On the other hand, it seems that electrons dissociate silane mainly, which produces high-quality a-Si films, in helium.
Lysophosphatidic acid affinity chromatography reveals pyruvate kinase as a specific LPA-binding protein (2005)

Lysophosphatidic acid is a pleiotropic lipid signaling molecule that evokes a broad array of cellular responses including proliferation, tumor cell invasion, neurite retraction, cytoskeletal rearrangements and smooth muscle contraction. Generally, lysophosphatidic acid triggers physiological responses through interaction with specific plasma membrane receptors called LPA 1-4. There is, however, increasing evidence in support of intracellular proteins that interact with LPA. We employed Affigel-immobilized LPA to isolate cytoplasmic proteins that interact with this lysophospholipid. Among the proteins retained by this affinity matrix, pyruvate kinase, clathrin heavy chain and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were identified by mass spectrometry. Isothermal titration calorimetry showed that pyruvate kinase contains one binding site for LPA (Ka approx. 10(6) M(-1)). Furthermore, LPA dissociates enzymatically active pyruvate-kinase tetramers into less active dimers, and is maximally active at concentrations close to its critical micelle concentration. These effects were not mimicked by other lysophospholipids. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments showed that pyruvate kinase interacts with clathrin, and confocal imaging revealed co-localization between clathrin and pyruvate kinase in the perinuclear region of cells. Our data suggest that pyruvate kinase partly exists in complex with clathrin in subcellular membranous areas, and that locally increased LPA levels can trigger inactivation of the metabolic enzyme.
A Low-Power 54μW Adaptive Analog Front-End with Adaptive Intensity Control for an Organic PPG Sensor in Wearable Devices (2021)

This study presents a low-power analog front-end readout for the organic sensor to sense the Photoplethysmography (PPG) signal from the radial wrist artery. The system consists of a current-to-voltage converter, a low pass filter, a high pass filter, a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), an OLED Driver, and a micro-controller unit. In addition, an ambient light channel assisted, a window-based external OLED driver, is proposed for the low power consumption. The analog front-end circuit is implemented in the integrated chip with an area of 1.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and fabricated via TSMC 0.18µm process. With the standard 1.8V, the experimental result shows that the measured linear current sensing range is 50 nA-25 µA. The measured signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) with OLED-OPD PPG sensor is >40dB (at the wrist), and the measured integrated input-referred noise is 36 pA/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">½</sup> . The total power consumption of the designed chip with the senor while measuring PPG at the wrist is 54 µW (readout) + 1.62 mW (OLED driver worst-case power)/ 0.18 mW (best-case depends on the subject and skin), presenting the least power consumption compared to all the other studies.
Application of In-Line Hydrocarbon Adsorber Systems (1998)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An adsorber system for reducing cold start hydrocarbon (HC) emissions has been developed combining existing catalyst technologies with a zeolite-based HC adsorber. The series flow in-line concept offers a passive and simplified alternative to other technologies by incorporating one additional adsorber substrate into existing converters without any additional valving, purging lines, or special substrates.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This contribution describes the current development status of hydrocarbon adsorber aftertreatment technologies. We report results obtained with a variety of adsorber, start-up, and underfloor catalyst system combinations. In each case, it was possible to achieve HC emission levels in compliance with the ULEV standards, and in the best cases, demonstrating HC emissions substantially below the legislated standard. In contrast to electrically heated catalyst (EHC) approaches, HC adsorbers allow for the ready incorporation of a passive element into an existing exhaust system without the need for ancillary EHC hardware and its associated costs.&lt;/div&gt;
Overview of EOS Applicable to CO2 with Impurities (2012)

The physical and transport properties of natural and anthropogenic CO2 are important in the hydraulic process calculations in order to provide accurate material and energy balances, heat transfer, mass transfer, and pressure loss calculations [1]. They are also important in addressing design issues (such as fracture control properties of material, refer to Chapter 7). Therefore, in order to design, operate, and maintain a CO2 pipeline or pipeline network, these properties need to be considered and understood. It should be noted that there is an important difference between calculating phase equilibrium based on mixture compositions and calculating typical physical, thermodynamic, or transport properties of the mixture of known composition. In the latter case (i.e., a pipeline), the properties of a mixture as a whole are of interest, whereas in the former, the partial properties of the individual components that make up the mixture and how those properties affect the mixture as a whole are important.
A hardware efficiency analysis for simplified trellis decoding blocks (2006)

Two simplifications for trellis decoding blocks are analyzed in terms of hardware efficiency. Both architectures use a complementary property of the best rate 1/n convolutional codes to reduce arithmetic complexity. While the reduction can be calculated straightforward in the first approach (17%), the other approach relies on modified computational operations and hence this reduction is not as evident. It is shown that for rate 1/2 codes the first approach is preferable for hardware implementation in terms of area and speed.
Correlation analysis between frequencies of circulating antigen-specific IgG-bearing memory B cells and serum titers of antigen-specific IgG (1999)

Recent studies in mice have indicated that the long-lasting specific antibody responses seen after vaccination are probably due to the existence of long-lived plasma cells. Therefore, because the maintenance of humoral immunity does not necessarily reflect continuous restimulation of long-lived memory B cells, the question arises as to what degree antibody immunity, as determined by measuring serum immunoglobulin titers against a particular antigen, and memory B cell immunity, as determined by counting circulating memory B cells with specificity for that same antigen, correlate. Here, using a new assay combining two-step immunomagnetic enrichment with multiparameter flow cytometry to detect, enumerate and characterize antigen-specific memory B cells, we show for tetanus toxin C-fragment in blood of normal tetanus toxoid vaccinized donors, and for wasp venom phospholipase A1B in blood of wasp venom-allergic donors undergoing an immune therapy with wasp venom, that there is no statistically significant linear correlation between the frequencies of circulating antigen-specific IgG-bearing memory B cells and the serum titers of antigen-specific IgG. This lack of a statistically significant linear correlation is in accordance with the idea that B memory cells and plasma cells represent independently controlled forms of immunological memory.
Telecommunications standards (2013)

The articles in this special section focus on telecommunications standards covering such topics as distributed mobility management, third generation networking, IP traffic management, and radio interface communications.
RSFQ arithmetic blocks for DSP applications (1995)

We have designed a Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) bit-serial real-time pipeline multiplier for digital signal processing (DSP) applications. A single-bit module of this multiplier consists of 96 Josephson junctions and uses a B-flip-flop-based carry-save adder (CSA). For HYPRES' standard 1-kA/cm/sup 2/ Nb process with 3.5 /spl mu/m-diameter Josephson junctions the module occupies all area of 350/spl times/600 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. Simulations show that the circuit should dissipate 28 /spl mu/W of power at 2.6 mV dc supply voltage and operate at frequencies of up to 25 GHz. We have successfully tested all cells of the module and verified correct operation of a simplified version of the module at low frequencies. According to numerical simulations, the speed of the multiplier is limited by the CSA. In order to overcome this bottleneck we have developed a concept of a fast carry-save pipeline adder based on XOR gates which uses an RSFQ-specific algorithm for carry bit calculation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Maximizing Production Life With the Use of Nanotechnology to Prevent Fines Migration (2010)

Abstract Sand-producing reservoirs sometimes contain particles that are small enough to pass through the regular sand control media such as proppant and screens. The tiny particles, referred to as fines, are produced into the near-wellbore region where they can cause plugging of proppant packs and perforations that can severely decline production. These formation fines can cause major erosion of screens and can plug surface equipment, and are very expensive to dispose of. As a result, many solutions have been presented in an attempt to prevent fines from being produced. These solutions range from resin applications to formation consolidation treatments, which have proven to be expensive and which most often fail to achieve their purpose. In order to approach the problem from a different perspective, nanoparticle technology was applied in conjunction with hydraulic fracturing to combat the fines migration issue. The particular case in this paper is focused on the Gulf of Mexico; however, the technology can be applied to any reservoir in the world where formation fines affect the production life of a well. The use of nanotechnology in a hydraulic fracture allowed the operator to achieve near-initial production rate without producing fines particles. The postponement of fines entering the near-wellbore region will also protect the investments made in the downhole assembly and fracture as well as surface equipment, while extending the production life of the well and minimizing the frequency of intervention.
Adaptive tool servo diamond turning for enhancing machining efficiency and surface quality of freeform optics (2015)

Fast tool servo/ slow tool servo (FTS/STS) diamond turning is a very promising technique for the generation of freeform optics. However, the currently adopted constant scheme for azimuth sampling and side-feeding motion possesses no adaptation to surface shape variation, leading to the non-uniform surface quality and low machining efficiency. To overcome this defect, this paper reports on a novel adaptive tool servo (ATS) diamond turning technique which is essentially based on the novel two-degree-of-freedom (2-DOF) FTS/STS. In the ATS, the sampling interval and the side-feeding motion are actively controlled at any cutting point to adapt the machining process to shape variation of the desired surface, making both the sampling induced interpolation error and the side-feeding induced residual tool mark be within the desired tolerances. Characteristic of the required cutting motion suggests that besides the conventional z-axis servo motion, another servo motion along the x-axis synthesizing by the c-axis is mandatory for implementing the ATS. Comparative studies of surface generation of typical micro-structured surfaces in FTS/STS and ATS are thoroughly conducted both theoretically and experimentally. The result demonstrates that the ATS outperforms the FTS/STS with improved surface quality while simultaneously enhanced machining efficiency.
Sub-300 Millivolt Operation in Nonvolatile 300 nm x 100 nm Phase Change Nanoelectromechanical Switch (2023)

This paper reports the design, fabrication, and characterization of the Fin Phase Change Nanoelectromechanical Relay (FinPCNR), a truly nanoscale switch. We harness the nonvolatile volume transformation of GeTe, a widely used phase change material, to drive the laterally actuating relay. The PCNR is turned ON by applying a sub-300 mV short actuation pulse (< 500 ns) to a fin-shaped heater (l: 300 nm, w: 100 nm, h> 100 nm). Novel nanofabrication techniques are developed to self-align multiple functional vertical layers on the heater sidewall. In the OFF state, we achieve near zero leakage (23 fA) by maintaining a sub-5 nm airgap between the metal channel and the drain/source electrodes. This device is an ideal candidate for high density, ultra low-leakage memory circuitry as it combines the nonvolatility of GeTe and the high ON-OFF current ratio of NanoElectroMechanical (NEM) relays.
Two Hundred Years of Cancer Research (2012)

This overview of 200 years of research and progress in the field of cancer provides support for the value of patience and investment in research.
Electron acceleration in a gas-discharge capillary (2007)

[Abstract unavailable]