gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large electro-optic effect in tensile strained Ge-on-Si films (2006)

The authors report the first observation of a large, strain-enhanced, electro-optic effect in the weakly absorbing regime for Ge epitaxial films grown directly on Si substrates. The field dependence of absorption in the Ge films was measured from spectral responsivity measurements of Ge-on-Si p-i-n diodes. The experimental data were analyzed using the generalized Franz-Keldysh formalism [H. Shen and F. H. Pollak, Phys. Ref. B 42, 7097 (1990)] and the valence band edge shifts of the light- and heavy-hole energy positions were in response to biaxial stress. With measured Δα∕α∼3 and derived Δn∕F=280pm∕V, the material has significant potential for field-induced phase or electroabsorption modulator devices.
Effect of Loading Path and Specimen Shape on Inverse Identification of Elastic Properties of Composites (2006)

This paper presents a methodology for using sensor-generated data from multi-degree-of-freedom mechatronic loading systems to identify the elastic moduli of a composite laminate material system. This is done not to demonstrate the method itself but rather to study how various features of the experimental and analytical procedure can affect the identification process. The analytical formulation of the identification problem is described first given the geometry of a test specimen and a loading path. The concept of singular value decomposition (associated with pseudo inversion factorization) is introduced for the purpose of parameter identification as it applies to the elastic moduli. Also, the concepts of distinguishability and uniqueness are introduced to evaluate the quality of parameter identification. The analysis is performed on a continuum model basis in order to evaluate if the proposed technique can work for specimens of arbitrary shape. Elastic coefficients were identified using pseudo-experimental (numerically synthesized) data created by finite element analysis (FEA) and the effect of the introduced distinguishability and uniqueness on the identification was investigated through several numerical examples. The effects of the form of the chosen multidimensional loading path(s) and the shape of the specimen on various features of the inverse identification process related to the elastic moduli parameter estimation are also determined. The results of the numerical studies demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed methodology and suggests subsequent avenues for optimizing the specification of the loading path both a priori and in real-time.
Epoxyquinomicins A, B, C and D, New Antibiotics from Amycolatopsis. II. Effect on Type II Collagen-induced Arthritis in Mice. (1997)

The anti-arthritic effects of epoxyquinomicins on type II collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice were examined. Prophylactic treatment with epoxyquinomicins A, B, C and D (1-4 mg/kg) had potent inhibitory effects on type II collagen-induced arthritis. In contrast to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), epoxyquinomicin C (1-30 mg/kg) had neither an anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats nor an analgesic effect on acetic acid-induced writhing in mice. These results suggest that the mode of action of epoxyquinomicins is different from that of NSAIDs and that epoxyquinomicins may become useful drugs for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Modeling the write process in direct overwrite magneto-optic media (1991)

A model for the write process in exchange coupled direct overwrite magneto-optic media is presented. The model has the flexibility to simulate poor overwrite with multiple domains. The exchange coupled interface between layers is accounted for with a domain wall energy when the transition metal spins in the top and bottom layer are not aligned. Magnetic layer properties suitable for direct overwrite are explored. Conditions under which overwrite fails or written domains are unstable are examined.
Optical Characterization of Homogeneous Nematic Liquid Crystal Cells Based on the Liquid Crystal Continuum Model (1995)

We formulated and applied a new algorithm based on the continuum theory of nematic liquid crystals to the characterization of the electrooptic response of homogeneous nematic liquid crystal cells. Appropriate selection of the device parameters ensures predictions of the electrooptic response which are in agreement with results of optical measurements to a precision of better than 1°. The effect of induced molecular twist and the limitations of decoupling between orthogonal polarizations are discussed.
OPA1 links human mitochondrial genome maintenance to mtDNA replication and distribution (2010)

Eukaryotic cells harbor a small multiploid mitochondrial genome, organized in nucleoids spread within the mitochondrial network. Maintenance and distribution of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) are essential for energy metabolism, mitochondrial lineage in primordial germ cells, and to prevent mtDNA instability, which leads to many debilitating human diseases. Mounting evidence suggests that the actors of the mitochondrial network dynamics, among which is the intramitochondrial dynamin OPA1, might be involved in these processes. Here, using siRNAs specific to OPA1 alternate spliced exons, we evidenced that silencing of the OPA1 variants including exon 4b leads to mtDNA depletion, secondary to inhibition of mtDNA replication, and to marked alteration of mtDNA distribution in nucleoid and nucleoid distribution throughout the mitochondrial network. We demonstrate that a small hydrophobic 10-kDa peptide generated by cleavage of the OPA1-exon4b isoform is responsible for this process and show that this peptide is embedded in the inner membrane and colocalizes and coimmunoprecipitates with nucleoid components. We propose a novel synthetic model in which a peptide, including two trans-membrane domains derived from the N terminus of the OPA1-exon4b isoform in vertebrates or from its ortholog in lower eukaryotes, might contribute to nucleoid attachment to the inner mitochondrial membrane and promotes mtDNA replication and distribution. Thus, this study places OPA1 as a direct actor in the maintenance of mitochondrial genome integrity.
Infrared spectra of three crystalline forms of cationically synthesized poly‐3‐methyl‐1‐butene (1973)

Abstract Poly‐3‐methyl‐1‐butene has been synthesized by Et 2 AlCl/tBuCl initiator at −130°C. A cast film of this material gave three well defined crystalline phases, α, β, and γ, characterized by infrared spectroscopy. The γ polymorph could not be obtained independently of the other two. Synthesis and/or manipulative procedures that would consistently give only one of the polymorphs are still unavailable. Evidently, the three crystalline phases have very similar lattice energies, and the subtle factors that determine the ultimate nature of the crystal lattice are not yet understood.
Procedure for Hydraulic Model Calibration (2017)

Calibrating a model can appear to be a daunting task, but by using an organized approach, the modeler can make the right adjustments and understand why.
Investigation of Electromechanical Coupling and Quality Factor of X-Cut Lithium Niobate Laterally Vibrating Resonators Operating Around 400 MHz (2018)

In this paper we present laterally vibrating resonators (LVRs) based on X-cut lithium niobate (LN) exhibiting a maximum quality factor (Q) around 1200 and an electromechanical coupling (k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) of 30%. This paper shows how the highest k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ever attained in X-cut LN resonators can be combined with very high Q to achieve a resonator figure of merit (FoM = k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> · Q) of 360. In this paper, we validate the theoretical prediction of k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> versus the resonator orientation in the YZ plane and investigate what geometrical parameters mostly impact the Q of these devices.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Method for the Preparation of 2‐Hydroxy‐1,4‐dioxane and Its Use in Reductive Alkylation of Amines. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cervical dysplasia, ploidy, and human papillomavirus status correlate with loss of Fhit expression. (2001)

These data clearly suggest that loss of Fhit expression occurs in the early stages of cervical carcinogenesis. Pap test represents one of the most convenient and rapid procedures available in identification of cellular changes; hence, Fhit staining might be used as an useful tool in larger population screening to detect early alteration in cellular behaviors.
Technology mapping technique for throughput enhancement of character projection equipment (2006)

The character projection is utilized for maskless lithography and is a potential for the future photomask manufacture. The drawback of the character projection is its low throughput and leads to a price rise of ICs. This paper discusses a technology mapping technique for enhancing the throughput of the character projection. The number of EB shots to draw an entire chip determines the fabrication time for the chip. Reduction of the number of EB shots, therefore, increases the throughput of character projection equipment and reduces the cost to produce ICs. Our technology mapping technique aims to reduce the number of EB shots to draw an entire chip for increasing the throughput of character projection equipment. Our technique treats the number of EB shots as an objective to minimize. Comparing with an conventional technology mapping, our technology mapping technique achieved 19.6% reduction of the number of EB shots without any performance degradation of ICs. Moreover, our technology mapping technique achieved 48.8% reduction of the number of EB shots under no performance constraints. Our technique is easy for both IC designers and equipment developers to adopt because it is a software approach with no additional modification on character projection equipment.
Multi-Stage Influence Function (2020)

Multi-stage training and knowledge transfer, from a large-scale pretraining task to various finetuning tasks, have revolutionized natural language processing and computer vision resulting in state-of-the-art performance improvements. In this paper, we develop a multi-stage influence function score to track predictions from a finetuned model all the way back to the pretraining data. With this score, we can identify the pretraining examples in the pretraining task that contribute most to a prediction in the finetuning task. The proposed multi-stage influence function generalizes the original influence function for a single model in (Koh &amp; Liang, 2017), thereby enabling influence computation through both pretrained and finetuned models. We study two different scenarios with the pretrained embeddings fixed or updated in the finetuning tasks. We test our proposed method in various experiments to show its effectiveness and potential applications.
Amino Acid Immobilization of Copper Surface Diffusion on Cu(111) (2019)

Abstract Surface diffusion and molecular self‐assembly are two critically important processes in chemistry and nature. Amino acids deposited on a Cu(111) surface driving a separation at the 2D limit between self‐assembling molecules and diffusing copper atoms is reported. Since the self‐assembling amino acids prefer non‐planar, tridentate bonding with neighboring adatoms, they attach to and immobilize diffusing copper adatoms on the surface. This chemical interaction freezes out the copper diffusion causing the condensation of “solid” copper adatom islands on the surface. Such separation and immobilization are observed for eight different amino acids, suggesting the generality of this phenomenon beyond a single amino acid species. Furthermore, at elevated temperatures, a disruption of the prototypical Ostwald ripening of adatom islands is also observed. These results provide fundamental insight into chiral molecular self‐assembly and its interplay with metal atom surface diffusion.
Design of Gut-Restricted Thiazolidine Agonists of G Protein-Coupled Bile Acid Receptor 1 (GPBAR1, TGR5) (2018)

Bile acid signaling and metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract have wide-ranging influences on systemic disease. G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, TGR5) is one of the major effectors in bile acid sensing, with demonstrated influence on metabolic, inflammatory, and proliferative processes. The pharmacologic utility of TGR5 agonists has been limited by systemic target-related effects such as excessive gallbladder filling and blockade of gallbladder emptying. Gut-restricted TGR5 agonists, however, have the potential to avoid these side effects and consequently be developed into drugs with acceptable safety profiles. We describe the discovery and optimization of a series of gut-restricted TGR5 agonists that elicit a potent response in mice, with minimal gallbladder-related effects. The series includes 12 (TGR5 EC<sub>50</sub>: human, 143 nM; mouse, 1.2 nM), a compound with minimal systemic availability that may have therapeutic value to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, or inflammatory bowel disease.
Real-time power control for dynamic optical networks - Algorithms and experimentation (2013)

Core and aggregation optical networks are remarkably static, despite the emerging dynamic capabilities of the individual optical devices. This stems from the inability to address optical impairments in real-time. As a result, tasks such as adding and removing wavelengths take a substantial amount of time, and therefore, optical networks are over-provisioned and inefficient in terms of capacity and energy. Optical Performance Monitors (OPMs) that assess the Quality of Transmission (QoT) in real-time can be used to overcome these inefficiencies. However, prior work mostly focused on the single link level. In this paper, we present a network-wide optimization algorithm that leverages OPM measurements to dynamically control the wavelengths' power levels. Hence, it allows adding and dropping wavelengths quickly while mitigating the impacts of impairments caused by these actions, thereby facilitating efficient operation of higher layer protocols. We evaluate the algorithm's performance using a network-scale optical simulator under real-world scenarios and show that the ability to add and drop wavelengths dynamically can lead to significant power savings. Moreover, we experimentally evaluate the algorithm in an optical testbed and discuss the practical implementation issues. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first attempt at providing a global power control algorithm that uses live OPM measurements to enable dynamic optical networking.
Pathogenicity ofYersinia enterocoliticabiotype 1A (2003)

Yersinia enterocolitica strains of biotype 1A lack the known virulence determinants of strains in other categories, including the Yersinia virulence plasmid (pYV), and several chromosomal markers of pathogenicity. For this reason, and also because Y. enterocolitica strains of biotype 1A are frequently isolated from the environment or asymptomatic individuals, these bacteria are often assumed to be avirulent. On the other hand, there is a considerable body of clinical, epidemiological and experimental evidence to indicate that at least some strains of Y. enterocolitica biotype 1A are able to cause gastrointestinal symptoms which resemble those caused by pYV-bearing strains. The availability of a number of experimental systems, including cell culture and animal models of infection, provides an opportunity to identify and characterise the essential virulence determinants of biotype 1A strains.
Rho Kinase Regulates Induction of T-Cell Immune Dysfunction in Abdominal Sepsis (2013)

T-cell dysfunction increases susceptibility to infections in patients with sepsis. In the present study, we hypothesized that Rho kinase signaling might regulate induction of T-cell dysfunction in abdominal sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice were treated with the specific Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 (5 mg/kg of body weight) prior to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Spleen CD4 T-cell apoptosis, proliferation, and percentage of regulatory T cells (CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+)) were determined by flow cytometry. Formation of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) in the spleen and plasma levels of HMBG1, IL-17, and IL-6 were quantified by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that CLP evoked apoptosis and decreased proliferation in splenic CD4 T cells. Inhibition of Rho kinase activity decreased apoptosis and enhanced proliferation of CD4 T cells in septic animals. In addition, CLP-evoked induction of regulatory T cells in the spleen was abolished by Rho kinase inhibition. CLP reduced the levels of IFN-γ and IL-4 in the spleen. Pretreatment with Y-27632 inhibited the sepsis-induced decrease in IFN-γ but not IL-4 formation in the spleen. CLP increased plasma levels of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) by 20-fold and IL-6 by 19-fold. Inhibition of Rho kinase decreased this CLP-evoked increase of HMGB1, IL-6, and IL-17 levels in the plasma by more than 60%, suggesting that Rho kinase regulates systemic inflammation in sepsis. Moreover, we observed that pretreatment with Y-27632 abolished CLP-induced bacteremia. Together, our novel findings indicate that Rho kinase is a powerful regulator of T-cell immune dysfunction in abdominal sepsis. Thus, targeting Rho kinase signaling might be a useful strategy to improve T-cell immunity in patients with abdominal sepsis.
Is man the only moral animal (2019)

The neurobiologist Alain Prochiantz describes humanity’s place in the history of animal species and what it is that distinguishes us from the other animals. Arguing against the rising tide of antispeciesism, he argues that humans cannot be placed on the same level as other animals because of their unrivaled cognitive and linguistic capacities.
Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to influenza virus antigens after influenza infection and vaccination in humans (1978)

Virus-specific in vitro cell-mediated immune responses were investigated in 20 normal volunteers who were challenged with liver influenza A/VIC/3/75 (H3N2) virus and in 13 volunteers who were vaccinated with inactivated vaccine containing A/VIC and A/NJ/8/76 (HswN1) antigens. Lymphocyte cultures were established from peripheral blood samples obtained prior to and at various times after infection or vaccination. Blastogenesis was determined by [3H]thymidine incorporation after stimulation of cultures with purified, inactivated, whole influenza viruses. Six days after infection, significantly elevated levels of blastogenesis were observed after in vitro stimulation with A viruses of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase subtypes that were the same as (H3N2) or antigenically distinct from (Heq1Neq1 or HswN1) those of the challenge virus, although maximum stimulation was noted with virus of the same hemagglutinin subtype (H3) as the challenge virus. Similar although more prolonged blastogenic responses were noted in lymphocyte cultures from vaccinees who had serum antibody rises after vaccination. The kinetics of these responses suggest that cell-mediated immunity may play a role in early events after infection and vaccination with influenza virus.
Association between exhaled volatile organic compounds and urinary levels of oral corticosteroids within the U-BIOPRED Cohort (2018)

<b>Rationale:</b> In uncontrolled asthma short courses of oral corticosteroids (OCS) are often prescribed, however it is difficult to monitor their uptake. Since our lungs are in direct contact with blood, the analysis of exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) may be suitable for monitoring the uptake and distribution of OCS. <b>Objective:</b> To test the association between exhaled VOCs by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and urinary levels of prednisolone and its metabolites in severe asthma patients. <b>Methods:</b> In this pan-European study, urine and breath samples were collected from adult severe asthma patients. Analysis of urine samples was done by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). VOCs were trapped on Tenax tubes and analyzed by GC-MS. Statistical analysis was based on: 1) univariate Wilcoxon sum-rank testing (p&lt;0.05) plus computation of area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC&gt;0.7) [yes vs. no urinary prednisolone detected], 2) multivariate sparse partial least squares (SLPS) modeling and 3) bootstrapped linear regression. <b>Results:</b> Complete data were available for 108 patients [mean (± SD) age 52 (±14) years, 48% male, 68% using daily OCSs]. Ten VOCs endured univariate testing, of which four [identification in progress] were combined in the SPLS model. Regression analysis between the multivariate model and urinary prednisolone levels resulted in a R<sup>2</sup> of 0.63 (95%CI: 0.33-0.94), p&lt;0.01. <b>Conclusion:</b> This study revealed an exhaled VOC profile potentially associated with urinary prednisolone levels, suggesting that breathomics qualifies for development into a point of care tool for therapeutic drug monitoring.
Lithium-Based Upconversion Nanoparticles for High Performance Perovskite Solar Cells (2021)

In this work, we report an easy, efficient method to synthesize high quality lithium-based upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) which combine two promising materials (UCNPs and lithium ions) known to enhance the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Incorporating the synthesized YLiF<sub>4</sub>:Yb,Er nanoparticles into the mesoporous layer of the PSCs cells, at a certain doping level, demonstrated a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19%, additional photocurrent, and a better fill factor (FF) of 82% in comparison to undoped PSCs (PCE = ~16.5%; FF = 71%). The reported results open a new avenue toward efficient PSCs for renewable energy applications.