gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of nitrogen incorporation on the properties of GaInNAs∕GaAs quantum well structures (2005)

We report results from theoretical and experimental investigations of GaInNAs∕GaAs quantum well structures. Optical transition energies for samples with different In and N concentrations were determined by photoluminescence measurements. The results show that the reduction of the ground-state transition energy by the introduction of N decreases with increasing In concentration. The experimental data are compared with calculations using the effective-mass approximation. Modifications of the band-gap energy due to N incorporation were accounted for using the two-level repulsion model. Proper effective-mass and band offset values, based on recent experimental work, were used. Calculated and measured transition energies show good agreement. The critical thickness, lattice constant, strain, and optical transition energies are discussed for GaInNAs∕GaAs quantum well structures tuned for emission at 1.3 and 1.55μm, in particular. Such a simple model, within the effective-mass approximation, is a very useful guide for device design.
Effect of Cysteic Acid Position on the Negative Ion Fragmentation of Proteolytic Derived Peptides (2011)

A study on the effect of cysteic acid position on the types of fragment ions formed by collision-induced dissociation (CID) of [M - H](-) ions is presented. Of particular note is the observation of d-type fragment ions for peptides that contain an N-terminal cysteic acid (fixed negative charge) and cleavable amino acid side chains possessing a β-γ carbon-carbon bond. For example, the CID mass spectrum of oxidized cys-kemptide (C(ox)LRRASLG) [M - H + O(3)](-) ions contains abundant series of d-type fragment ions, and similar results are observed for oxidized cysteine-containing ribonuclease A proteolytic peptides. The d(i) fragment ions are assumed to arise by a charge-remote and/or charge-assisted fragmentation mechanism, which both occur at high collision energies and involve consecutive reactions (i.e., the formation of a(i) ions followed by the elimination of the side chain to form d(i) ions).
Evolution of Wireless Communication to 6G: Potential Applications and Research Directions (2022)

The fifth-generation mobile network (5G), as the fundamental enabler of Industry 4.0, has facilitated digital transformation and smart manufacturing through AI and cloud computing (CC). However, B5G is viewed as a turning point that will fundamentally transform existing global trends in wireless communication practices as well as in the lives of masses. B5G foresees a world where physical–digital confluence takes place. This study intends to see the world beyond 5G with the transition to 6G assuming the lead as future wireless communication technology. However, despite several developments, the dream of an era without latency, unprecedented speed internet, and extraterrestrial communication has yet to become a reality. This article explores main impediments and challenges that the 5G–6G transition may face in achieving these greater ideals. This article furnishes the vision for 6G, facilitating technology infrastructures, challenges, and research leads towards the ultimate achievement of “technology for humanity” objective and better service to underprivileged people.
Performance Prediction of Graphene Nanoribbon and Carbon Nanotube Transistors (2011)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) field‐effect transistor (FET) can be the basis for a quasi‐one‐ dimensional (Q1D) transistor technology. Recent experiments show that the on‐off ratio for GNR devices can be improved to level exploration of transistor action is justified. Here we use the tight–binding energy dipersion approximation, to assess the performance of semiconducting CNT and GNR is qualitatively in terms of drain current drive strength, bandgap and density of states for a specified device. By reducing the maximum conductance 4e2/h by half, we observed that our model has a particularly good fit with 50 nm channel single walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) experimental data. Given the same bandgap, CNTs outperform GNRs due to valley degeneracy. Nevertheless, the variation of the device contacts will decide which transistor will exhibit better conductivity and thus higher ON currents.
Tungsten inverse opals: The influence of absorption on the photonic band structure in the visible spectral region (2004)

We report on the fabrication and characterization of tungsten inverse opals for the visible and near-infrared spectral region. The crucial influence of the strong absorption in this spectral region is experimentally investigated by means of a gradient deposition technique and characterization with reflectance and transmittance spectroscopy. With increasing metal infiltration, we observe the breakdown of the photonic band structure, resulting first in a sphere-cavity-like behavior and finally in a behavior similar to that of a periodically structured metal surface.
PlanJury: probabilistic plan evaluation revisited (2014)

Purpose: Over a decade ago, the 'Van Herk margin recipe paper' introduced plan evaluation through DVH statistics based on population distributions of systematic and random errors. We extended this work for structures with correlated uncertainties (e.g. lymph nodes or parotid glands), and considered treatment plans containing multiple (overlapping) dose distributions (e.g. conventional lymph node and hypo-fractionated tumor doses) for which different image guidance protocols may lead to correlated errors.
Evaluation of Preoperative Administration of the Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitor Rofecoxib for the Treatment of Postoperative Pain after Lumbar Disc Surgery (2002)

Preoperative rofecoxib is effective in reducing postoperative narcotic consumption in patients undergoing lumbar laminectomy. The use of rofecoxib does not shorten PACU length of stay or hospital discharge time. These outcome measures depend on multiple administrative factors.
Electrochemical Oxidation of Surface Oxides to Partially Recover the Performance of Non-PGM Catalyst under Fuel Cell Operation (2011)

An iron based metal-nitrogen-carbon (MNC) type oxygen reduction reaction catalyst was tested for in-situ polarization performance and durability. High open circuit voltage (OCV) of ~0.97 V and high activities were observed. Current density around 750 mA/cm2 was obtained at 0.6 ViR-free/RHE and volumetric current density of 31 A/cm3 was obtained at 0.8 ViR-free. A significant decrease in polarization after start-stop durability test was observed for this catalyst. An attempt was made to recover the in-situ performance after start-stop durability test by running the fuel cell at steady state current density. Partial performance recovery was achieved from the significantly degraded MNC based membrane electrode assembly (MEA). However, performance could not be recovered indefinitely due to eventual carbon loss.
Radiation-tolerant optical links for the ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (2002)

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC), currently under construction at CERN, Geneva, will collide proton beams of energy 7 TeV. The high luminosity of the machine will lead to a severe radiation environment for detectors such as ATLAS. The ATLAS Semiconductor Tracker (SCT) must be able to tolerate a radiation field equivalent to an ionising dose of 10 Mrad (Si) and a neutron fluence of 2x10<sup>14</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup> (1MeV,Si) over the 10 year lifetime of the experiment. The SCT is instrumented by silicon microstrip detectors and their front-end chips (ABCDs). Data is transferred from, and control signals to, the ABCDs using multimode optical links carrying light at 840 nm. The incoming timing, trigger and control (TTC) link uses biphase mark encoding to send 40 Mbit/s control signals along with a 40 MHz clock down a single fibre. Optical signals are received by a p-i-n diode and decoded by DORIC chips. Data in electrical form from the ABCDs is used to moderate two VCSELs by means of a VCSEL driver chip (VDC). Each detector module carries 12 ABCDs and is served by two optical fibres for data readout and one for TTC signals. There are 4088 such modules within the SCT. The system performance specifications and architecture are described, followed by test results on individual components and complete links. The optical fibre, active optical components, chips, packaging and interconnects have all been qualified to the necessary radiation levels. This has involved studies of total dose effects, single event upset and ageing at elevated temperatures and details of these studies are presented.
PV inverter control using a TMS320F2812 DSP (2006)

This paper presents the implementation of a control system of an inverter for grid connected photovoltaic (PV) applications, using a low cost TMS320F2812 eZdsp board. The implemented control system contains a P+Resonant current controller, a Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT) to optimize the power extraction from the PV panel, and a Phase Lock Loop (PLL) for grid synchronization. The whole control was implemented in fixed point using Simulink. Code Composer Studio is successfully used as a flexible user interface for controlling and monitoring the process. The experimental results show that this low cost DSP is capable of running a complex control structure in real time at a high sampling rate. In this case a current THD close to 1% and a high efficiency MPP tracking has been achieved.
Effects of Metal-Centered Reduction on the Structural, Electronic, and Coordination Properties of Nickel and Copper Octaethylisobacteriochlorins (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of Metal-Centered Reduction on the Structural, Electronic, and Coordination Properties of Nickel and Copper OctaethylisobacteriochlorinsMark W. Renner, Lars R. Furenlid, and Alan M. StolzenbergCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1, 293–300Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00106a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00106a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
P.155: Altered T Cell Compartment in Type 1 Diabetes With End Stage Renal Disease (2021)

Introduction: Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease with destruction of beta cells resulting in hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis. A subset of patients with T1D develop End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) that requires Kidney or/Simultaneous Pancreas and Kidney transplantation (SPK) while those who preserve their renal function require Pancreas Transplantation alone (PTA). Standard immunosuppression therapy does not take into account the individual risk of infection and graft rejection; both are common in these patients after transplantation therefore emphasizing personalized immunosuppression as an unmet clinical need. To achieve this, we undertook more detailed immune studies in wait listed patients. Methods: After IRB approval, we prospectively studied immune cells by flow cytometry in 20 subjects in 2 groups: T1D ESRD, T1D Non ESRD. Each group had 10 subjects who were age and gender matched. We collected baseline C-peptide, Auto antibodies, duration of diabetes, CMV/EBV, HLA and dialysis data. T cell assessments included quantitative immunophenotyping of CD4 and CD8 T cells and their subsets. Results: Detailed baseline demographics of the two groups are shown under Table 1. T cell subsets showed significant differences (Table 2) in CD4+CD62L-CD27-CD45RO (Tem) cell count (p value: 0.027) and percentages (p value 0.036); Activated CD4 T cell (4+CD25) cell % (p value: 0.032), CD8 +CD62L-CD27-CD45RO+ (Tem) cell % (p value: 0.041)in T1D ESRD Vs. T1D Non ESRD. The increased CD4 and CD8 effector memory T cells (Tem) in the T1D ESRD patients points to a higher likelihood of perhaps ongoing inflammation since active infection was excluded at the screening visit.Conclusion: Previous studies have reported alterations in the T cell compartment in End Stage Renal Disease Our study substantiates these findings in patients with Type 1 diabetes and ESRD. Future studies with a larger sample size would help to confirm these results. Understanding immune dysfunction better in patients with T1D waitlisted for organ transplantation would contribute to the development of personalized immunosuppression and improve the balance between over and under immunosuppression in individual cases.
Copper(II)‐substituted horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase: Structure of the minor species (1992)

Oxygen treatment of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase EE isozyme substituted with Cu(II) at the catalytic site leads to bleaching with concomitant reduction to Cu(I) of approximately 90% of total Cu(II). The Cu(II) of the remaining 'minor species' cannot be reduced nor does it interact with exogenous ligands, e.g. 2-mercaptoethanol, imidazole, pyrazole, or azide ions. The EPR spectrum is axial with a super-hyperfine splitting of 15.6 G indicating binding of one nitrogen atom to Cu(II). These data as well as the energies and intensities of the absorption and CD spectra suggest the Cu(II) ion of the minor species to be located in the catalytic site of HLADH in a position and geometry different from that of the major species.
Yukta: Multilayer Resource Controllers to Maximize Efficiency (2018)

Since computers increasingly execute in constrained environments, they are being equipped with controllers for resource management. However, the operation of modern computer systems is structured in multiple layers, such as the hardware, OS, and networking layers—each with its own resources. Managing such a system scalably and portably requires that we have a controller in each layer, and that the different controllers coordinate their operation. In addition, such controllers should not rely on heuristics, but be based on formal control theory. This paper presents a new approach to build coordinated multilayer formal controllers for computers. The approach uses Structured Singular Value (SSV) controllers from Robust Control Theory. Such controllers are especially suited for multilayer computer system control. Indeed, SSV controllers can read signals from other controllers to coordinate multilayer operation. In addition, they allow designers to specify the discrete values allowed in each input, and the desired bounds on output value deviations. Finally, they accept uncertainty guardbands, which incorporate the effects of interference between the controllers. We call this approach Yukta. To assess its effectiveness, we prototype it in an 8-core big. LITTLE board. We build a two-layer SSV controller, and show that it is very effective. Yukta reduces the ExD and the execution time of a set of applications by an average of 50% and 38%, respectively, over advanced heuristic-based coordinated controllers.
Extracellular-matrix degradation at acid pH. Avian osteoclast acid collagenase isolation and characterization (1993)

Osteoclasts degrade bone matrix, which is mainly type I collagen and hydroxyapatite, in an acidic extracellular compartment. Thus we reasoned that osteoclasts must produce an acid collagenase. We purified this enzyme, a 31 kDa protein, from avian osteoclast lysates (in 100 mM acetate/1 mM CHAPS/1 mM dithiothreitol, pH 4.4), fractionated by (NH2)2SO4 precipitation, gelatin-affinity, cation exchange, and gel filtration. Fraction activity was measured using diazotized collagen or 3H-labelled cross-linked collagen (decalcified and trypsin-treated metabolically L-[4,5-3H]proline-labelled bone) as substrates. Iodoacetate, leupeptin, antipain, pepstatin and mercurials inhibited collagenolysis by the isolated proteinase; mercurial derivatives could not be re-activated by dithiothreitol. Collagen degradation was maximal at pH 4.4; purified proteinase reproduced the collagenolytic activity of cell lysates. The N-terminal amino acid sequence from the isolated protein and its CNBr degradation fragments showed sequence similarity to mammalian cathepsin Bs, and near-identity with avian liver cathepsin B. Peptide substrate specificity of the osteoclastic enzyme resembled those of mammalian cathepsin B and its avian liver counterpart, but degradation of low-molecular-mass substrates by the osteoclastic enzyme was slower, reflecting generally lower kcat. values. Further, kcat/Km varied less between arginine-containing substrates than for previously reported cathepsin Bs, indicating different substrate specificity of the osteoclast enzyme. Polyclonal antibody raised to a 25 kDa fragment of the enzyme recognized a single 31 kDa band in SDS/PAGE of osteoclast lysates blotted to poly(vinylidene difluoride), adsorbed collagenolytic activity of osteoclast lysates, and stained avian osteoclasts in tissue sections. Degenerate sense- and antisense-oligonucleotide primers, predicted from segments of primary amino acid sequence, amplified a 486 bp DNA fragment; this was cloned and sequenced. Of 162 amino acids encoded, 77% are identical with those of human cathepsin B; hybridization identified a 2.4 kb RNA in osteoclast lysates. We conclude that the major avian osteoclast collagenolytic enzyme is a cathepsin B, whose activity varies from other enzymes of its class.
Differential effects of morphine on the affective and the sensory component of carrageenan-induced nociception in the rat (2007)

Pain is generally considered to have a sensory and an affective component. Clinical research has suggested that morphine more potently attenuates the affective component as compared to the sensory component. Because preclinical nociception models typically focus on the sensory component of nociception, and do not assess the affective component, it is unclear whether this potency difference of morphine can also be found in preclinical models. We therefore adapted the place conditioning paradigm to investigate negative affect accompanying carrageenan-induced (0.5% intraplantar) inflammatory nociception in rats. We found that carrageenan produced clear conditioned place aversion (CPA). Morphine (0.01-10mg/kg i.p.) dose-dependently reduced carrageenan-induced CPA with a minimal effective dose (MED) of 0.03mg/kg. Since morphine has a rewarding effect by itself, morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) was also investigated. Morphine induced CPP with a MED of 1mg/kg, suggesting that the rewarding effect of morphine was not responsible for reducing carrageenan-induced CPA. We also demonstrated that morphine reduced carrageenan-induced mechanical nociception as assessed in the Randall Selitto paradigm with a MED of 1mg/kg. It is concluded that the CPA model allows for an assessment of the negative affective component of carrageenan-induced nociception. Moreover, morphine was able to reduce the affective component of nociception at doses that did not affect the sensory component of nociception, and this effect was not due to its rewarding properties. The fact that this finding mirrors the clinical situation validates the use of the CPA model for assessing the affective component of nociception.
543. In Vivo Beta-Cell-Targeted Gene Editing by AAV Vectors (2016)

The CRISPR/Cas9 and guide RNA system has emerged as a promising genome editing platform, due to its simplicity, versatility and efficiency, compared to prior techniques for genome modification. Although the original Cas9 gene is too long to be packaged by AAV vectors, Dr. Zhang and colleagues have identified a shorter Cas9 protein from S. aureus (saCas9), which allows generation of a single AAV vector carrying both saCas9 and a guide RNA. Previously, we and others have demonstrated that AAV serotypes 8 and 9-based vectors are highly pancreas-tropic. Our long-term goal is to develop efficient beta-cell- and acinar-cell-targeted gene editing systems based on the AAV-saCas9 system. We first assessed on-target effects of the AAV-saCas-gRNA vector system in vitro. We generated two GFP sequence-targeted gRNA vectors, and tested their genome editing effects using two HT1080 cell lines carrying a single copy of GFP. Infection of HT1080 lines with an multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2×104 resulted in 40-55% GFP knockout by two AAV-gRNA constructs. Gene editing efficiency was comparable in two HT1080 lines, and dose-dependent. Consecutive, multiple high-dose infections for 3 days achieved up to 80% GFP knockdown. To test whether a subset of cells are more resistant to the AAV-saCas9-mediated genome editing, we sorted the remaining 20% of GFP-positive cells and re-infected recovered GFP-positive cells with the two saCas9 vectors. Our data showed those cells were equally permissive to the saCas9 vectors, when compared to their parental line. To assess the off-target effects of the AAV-saCas9-gRNA system, we compared the exome sequences of the vector-treated cells. Our preliminary result identified multiple off-target deletions upon AAV-saCas9 treatments. We are currently analyzing whether those off-target effects were due to their similarity to the GFP targeting gRNA sequences, or independent from the gRNA sequences. We then tested the feasibility of the AAV-saCas9-gRNA vector system for beta-cell-targeted gene editing in vivo. We generated AAV8 vectors carrying Pdx1-targeting gRNA, with saCas9 driven by CMV promoter. Single intraperitoneal injection of AAV saCas9 vectors led to efficient knockout of Pdx1 expression in the pancreatic beta-cells. To limit potential off-target effects, we need to restrict saCas9 expression in beta-cells. However, our original beta-cell targeted vectors carry a relatively long, 1.1kb insulin promoter sequence. We therefore optimized the insulin promoter sequence and determined the minimum, essential promoter sequence, which facilitates robust transgene expression with high tissue-specificity. We are in the process of testing the AAV-saCas9-gRNA vectors with the optimized insulin promoter sequence for in vivo beta-cell gene editing.
The Effect of Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation on Standing Postural Control in Healthy Adults (2022)

A im: To determine the effects of pulsed current transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (TSCS) on both the spinal circuitry and the neuromotor response observed after a trunk force perturbation. Methods: A group of young healthy adults performed two experiments to study the effects of TSCS. In experiment I, the effect of TSCS on the spinal circuitry was assessed using the Hoffman-reflex (H-reflex) recruitment curve and recovery cycle. In Experiment II, the effect of TSCS on the response to trunk force perturbation was assessed with both stimulation on and off. The force perturbations were delivered by a robotic upright trunk support trainer (RobUST). Results: 30 Hz monophasic pulsed current TSCS induced spinal plasticity and increased spinal excitability. This TSCS protocol also increased muscle activation in response to specific pelvic force perturbations. These results suggest that TSCS can modulate the integration of voluntary descending commands and sensory signals and alter muscle activation during a postural task, even in neurologically intact subjects. We plan to use these results to develop training protocols to improve balance during standing in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).