gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
"The relaxation behavior of highly entangled polybutadiene critical gels/ (2021)

The stress relaxation behavior of critical gels originating from six highly entangled polybutadienes of low polydispersity with molecular weights from 18,100 to 97,000 g/mole were investigated. The polymers were vulcanized by a hydrosilation reaction which takes place nearly exclusively at the pendant 1,2-vinyl sites which are distributed randomly along the polybutadiene chain. The empirical BSW-spectrum was found to describe the relaxation behavior of the uncrosslinked precursor state. A characteristic parameter of the BSW-spectrum is the longest relaxation time of the precursor. Crosslinking increases this longest relaxation time even further but had little effect on the relaxation behavior in the entanglement and transition zones. The relaxation time spectrum of the material at the gel point (critical gel) was found to be well represented by the superposition of the BSW-spectrum and CW-spectrum with minor modifications to the intermediate time regime. The long time behavior follows a power law as described by the Chambon-Winter equation, G(t) = St$\\sp{\\rm -n}.$ n was found to be constant with a value close to 0.5 over a stoichiometric ratio range of 0.25 $&lt;$ r $&lt;$ 3.0. The gel strength (S) was found to scale with the precursor molecular weight as $\\rm S \\sim M\\sbsp{w}{zn}$ where z is the exponent from the zero shear viscosity molecular weight relationship $\\rm\\eta\\sb0\\sim M\\sbsp{w}{z},$ is commonly found to be z = 3.3-3.6. A simple empirical model combining first order kinetic analysis with the Flory-Stockmayer branching theory was developed to predict the gel time as a function of stoichiometric ratio and precursor functionality. In-situ rheological measuring techniques of gelation allow for accurate determination of the gel point. The kinetic model was found to agree well with experimental data.
Rate-Limiting Spin Crossover and Cp Ligand Involvement During Ir(III) Retro-Hydroformylation Catalysis (2023)

While catalytic hydroformylation is a well-established reaction, there are only a few reports of homogeneous catalyzed retro-hydroformylation where carbon monoxide and dihydrogen are eliminated from an aldehyde to generate an olefin. Our in-depth assessment of reaction pathways using density functional theory and metadynamics calculations for aldehyde retro-hydroformylation by cyclopentadienyl phosphine-type IrIII catalysts has revealed two surprising and unique aspects of catalysis: (1) Catalytic cycle turnover is determined by the rate of singlet-triplet spin state crossover; and (2) during catalysis, after C–H bond activation, a transient IrIII–H intermediate undergoes intramolecular proton transfer to give a dearomatized η4-Cp-H diene ligand. This IrI intermediate provides the key coordination unsaturation to enable decarbonylation and β-hydride elimination reaction steps. Overall, these mechanistic insights set the stage for the design of novel retro-hydroformylation molecular catalysts.
COTS-based DSRC testbed for rapid algorithm development, implementation, and test (2006)

This paper describes a Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) testbed which demonstrates the use of common, off-the-shelf (COTS) products to enable rapid algorithm development from conception to hardware implementation and test.
Synthesis of block polycarboxylate copolymer and its application in a cement system (2015)

The sequence structure of polymers plays an important role in determining their performance. However, existing polycarboxylates mostly have a broad molecular weight distribution and the sequence structure is randomly distributed. In this work, a novel water-soluble block copolymer made of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (OEGMA) and acrylic acid (AA) was designed using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerisation. Structural information of the block polycarboxylate was characterised by gel permeation chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance. The effects of molar ratio of AA to OEGMA on flowability, zeta potential and adsorption in cement paste were studied. It was proved that polycarboxylate with a block distribution could be successfully applied as a superplasticiser. Furthermore, the length of the two blocks in the block distribution influenced the zeta potential and adsorption of the superplasticiser onto cement particle surfaces, and thereby the workability of cementitious materials. The knowledge gained from this work may be used in the design of superplasticisers for optimal performance in some specific applications.
Crystal structure of a defective folding protein (2003)

Maltose-binding protein (MBP or MalE) of Escherichia coli is the periplasmic receptor of the maltose transport system. MalE31, a defective folding mutant of MalE carrying sequence changes Gly 32-->Asp and Ile 33-->Pro, is either degraded or forms inclusion bodies following its export to the periplasmic compartment. We have shown previously that overexpression of FkpA, a heat-shock periplasmic peptidyl-prolyl isomerase with chaperone activity, suppresses MalE31 misfolding. Here, we have exploited this property to characterize the maltose transport activity of MalE31 in whole cells. MalE31 displays defective transport behavior, even though it retains maltose-binding activity comparable with that of the wild-type protein. Because the mutated residues are in a region on the surface of MalE not identified previously as important for maltose transport, we have solved the crystal structure of MalE31 in the maltose-bound state in order to characterize the effects of these changes. The structure was determined by molecular replacement methods and refined to 1.85 A resolution. The conformation of MalE31 closely resembles that of wild-type MalE, with very small displacements of the mutated residues located in the loop connecting the first alpha-helix to the first beta-strand. The structural and functional characterization provides experimental evidence that MalE31 can attain a wild-type folded conformation, and suggest that the mutated sites are probably involved in the interactions with the membrane components of the maltose transport system.
Low-Noise Silicon Mid-Infrared Frequency Comb (2015)

We demonstrate low-noise mid-infrared frequency comb generation using a silicon microresonator. Using an integrated PIN-diode detector, we show a transition to a low RF-amplitude-noise state consistent with demonstrations of phase-locking in other microresonator platforms.
Design considerations for medium-frequency power transformers in offshore wind farms (2009)

In a recently proposed converter system for offshore wind farms, single-phase medium-frequency (MF) transformers replace the conventional three-phase line-frequency transformers that convert the electricity from the wind turbine generators to high voltage. MF operation allows a reduction of the transformer size and weight, thus leading to a compact and efficient design, which minimizes the installation and maintenance costs. This paper presents design considerations for dry-type single-phase MF power transformers in offshore wind farms. Recent transformer problems in large wind turbines have shown that a thorough and careful magnetic, electric, and thermal design is required to ensure the reliability and performance of the transformers. As a result, a suitable design for a 3 MW wind turbine transformer is proposed.
Delay Optimal Scheduling for Chunked Random Linear Network Coding Broadcast (2017)

We study the broadcast transmission of a single file to an arbitrary number of receivers using Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) in a network with unreliable channels. Due to the increased computational complexity of the decoding process (especially for large files) we apply chunked RLNC (i.e. RLNC is applied within non-overlapping subsets of the file). In our work we show the optimality of the Least Received (LR) batch scheduling policy (which was introduced in our prior work) with regards to the expected file transfer completion time. Furthermore, we refine some of our earlier results, namely the expected file transfer completion time of the LR policy and the minimum achievable coding window size in the case of a user defined delay constraint. Finally, we experimentally evaluate a modification of the LR policy in a more realistic system setting with reduced feedback from the receivers.
Combination Chemoimmunotherapy Using Alemtuzumab, Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Doxorubicin (Campath-FCD) Is an Effective First-Line Regimen in Peripheral T-Cell Lymphomas. (2004)

Abstract Peripheral (mature) T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are represented by distinct lymphoma entities, many of which with a rather unfavourable clinical outcome as compared to B-cell lymphomas. Standard treatment regimens have not been established, except in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (PCTCL). With regard to the unfavourable prognosis we designed a treatment protocol using chemoimmunotherapy in peripheral T-cell lymphomas except PCTCL and ALK-positive large cell anaplastic T-cell lymphomas, consisting of alemtuzumab 3, 10, 30, 30 mg, days 1–4, fludarabine (Flu) 25 mg/m2 days 2–4, cyclophosphamide (CP) 600 mg/m2 day 3, and doxorubicin (Dox) 50 mg/m2 day 4. Included were patients with primary diagnosis or with first or second relapse. Rationales for this regimen were proven efficacy of CP and Dox in T-cell lymphomas, high efficacy of Flu and CP (FC) in other lymphomas and the possible synergism of antibodies with cytotoxic drugs. So far, 23 patients have been included, 18 are evaluable for response and toxicity. Of the latter, 10 patients were diagnosed with PTCL-NOS, 5 with AILD, one with enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma, one with NK-cell lymphoma, and one with T-PLL. 9 patients were enrolled with primary diagnosis and 9 patients in relapse. The median age was 60 years (range 21–77); the median non-age adjusted IPI 2.5 (0–4), 2 in patients with primary diagnosis and 3 in patients with relapse. The overall response rate was 61% (11/18). In patients with primary diagnosis the CR rate was 78% (7/9), one patient achieved no change, and one patient died from treatment associated complications before response could be evaluated. All responding patients are in ongoing CR at 2+, 2+, 6+, 11+, 15+,16+, and 17+ months. In the group of relapsed patients one CR and 3 PR (44%) were observed. The main toxicity was leukocytopenia (81% grade III and IV of all evaluable treatment cycles), other grade III and IV toxicities included anemia (18%), thrombocytopenia (39%), infections (18%) nausea/emesis (9%), and allergic reactions (4%). Ten (56%) patients reactivated CMV without CMV-related disease and one patient with suspected CMV-peumonia. In conclusion, this is the first study demonstrating that alemtuzumab can be integrated into a triple-agent chemotherapy regimen. The combination is effective in the first-line treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphomas, however, regarding the general outcome a longer follow-up period of a larger patient population is required.
The Internet of Things: Secure Distributed Inference (2018)

The growth in the number of devices connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) poses major challenges in security. The integrity and trustworthiness of data and data analytics are increasingly important concerns in IoT applications. These are compounded by the highly distributed nature of IoT devices, making it infeasible to prevent attacks and intrusions on all data sources. Adversaries may hijack devices and compromise their data. As a result, reactive countermeasures, such as intrusion detection and resilient analytics, become vital components of security. This article overviews algorithms for secure distributed inference in IoT.
Optimization and Characterization of Nanostructured Surfaces for Photon-Enhanced Thermionic Emission and Photoemission cathodes (2011)

PETE vs. Ideal PV PETE vs. PETE+Thermal Theoretical PETE conversion efficiency as a function of Eg and concentration of the direct+circumsolar AM1.5 solar spectrum has been calculated. Each Photon with energy greater than the bandgap is absorbed and creates one electron/hole pair, while sub-bandgap photons are absorbed as heat. Black body radiation losses and transfer, as well as radiative and Auger recombination losses are included. The cathode temperature and electron affinity are chosen to maximize overall efficiency. A PETE device combined with solar thermal could have efficiencies >50%!
Bioderived Syngas to Alcohols (2010)

The catalytic synthesis of alcohols from biomass-derived syngas is an important process for utilization of this bioresource as a renewable source of energy. Although the synthesis of methanol from syngas is a mature technology, the synthesis of higher alcohols from syngas has been plagued by low yields and is yet to be commercialized. Interest in the formation of C2+ (“higher”) alcohols appears to be increasing as these compounds are finding uses as fuel additives and hydrogen carriers. Formation of these higher alcohols from syngas is fundamentally different from methanol synthesis, since both C-H bonds and C-OH bonds must be formed from the CO and CO2 in the syngas. This chapter discusses various catalyst systems that have been investigated for the formation of alcohols from bio-derived syngas. Typically, alkali doping of traditional methanol and FT synthesis catalysts is necessary to promote chain growth and increase selectivity to higher alcohols. The effect of the presence of CO2 in bio-derived syngas on alcohol synthesis is also addressed.
Computationally Driven Design of Soft Materials with Tissue-like Mechanical Properties (2018)

Mimicking the mechanical properties of soft materials and biological tissues is crucial for novel materials development for medical implants, tissue engineering, soft robotics, and wearable electronics. Unfortunately, the required combination of softness, strength, and toughness is difficult to replicate in synthetic materials. Modern design strategies are predominantly Edisonian in nature and are based on exploratory mixing of assorted polymers, variation in cross-linking schemes, and solvents. However, it was recently demonstrated that it is possible to encode mechanical properties of soft tissues in solvent free synthetic elastomers by varying architecture of the network strands. This approach is based on the theoretical and computational studies of correlations between mechanical properties and architecture of networks with brush-like strands. Different types of graft polymers such as combs and bottlebrushes were modeled as ideal chains or filamets with effective Kuhn length. This representation of graft polymers allows for a precise mapping of network’s mechanical properties in both linear and nonlinear deformation regimes into molecular architecture of the network strands. This approach to materials design was tested by reproducing mechanical properties of assorted biological gels and tissues using poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PBA) graft polymer elastomers. This technique lays the foundation for a computationally driven materials design that will be capable of encoding mechanical properties of soft materials in solvent free elastomers.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Trap Blocks Tumor Growth, Metastasis Formation, and Vascular Leakage in an Orthotopic Murine Renal Cell Cancer Model (2007)

VEGF Trap is a potent inhibitor of RENCA tumor growth and metastasis formation and blocks the biological function of VEGF in vivo. These results support further clinical development of VEGF Trap for renal cell cancer and other cancer types.
The inhibitory effects of the cysteine protease inhibitor, oryzacystatin, on digestive proteases and on larval survival and development of the southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi) (1996)

Abstract At least eight proteolytic activities have been identified in the midgut contents of larval Southern corn rootworm ( Diabrotica undecimpunctata howardi ). Around 70% of protease activity could be arrested by the cysteine protease inhibitors E‐64 and chicken egg‐white cystatin, while the aspartic acid protease inhibitor pepstatin caused 30% inhibition. The cysteine protease activity was found to be highly sensitive to inhibition by both chicken egg‐white cystatin and the rice cystatin, oryzacystatin I. Oryzacystatin I, expressed as a fully functional fusion protein in E. coli , was found to strongly inhibit larval gut protease activity. This recombinant oryzacystatin, incorporated into artificial diet at concentrations of 10 mM and above, caused significant decreases in larval survival and weight gain. E‐64 was also shown to cause a significant antimetabolic in vivo effect. These results demonstrate the great potential for cysteine protease inhibitors, such as oryzacystatin, as tools for exploitation in the control of the Southern corn rootworm.
Structural basis of HLX10 PD-1 receptor recognition, a promising anti-PD-1 antibody clinical candidate for cancer immunotherapy (2021)

Cancer immunotherapies, such as checkpoint blockade of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), represents a breakthrough in cancer treatment, resulting in unprecedented results in terms of overall and progression-free survival. Discovery and development of novel anti PD-1 inhibitors remains a field of intense investigation, where novel monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and novel antibody formats (e.g., novel isotype, bispecific mAb and low-molecular-weight compounds) are major source of future therapeutic candidates. HLX10, a fully humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody against PD-1 receptor, increased functional activities of human T-cells and showed in vitro, and anti-tumor activity in several tumor models. The combined inhibition of PD-1/PDL-1 and angiogenesis pathways using anti-VEGF antibody may enhance a sustained suppression of cancer-related angiogenesis and tumor elimination. To elucidate HLX10's mode of action, we solved the structure of HLX10 in complex with PD-1 receptor. Detailed epitope analysis showed that HLX10 has a unique mode of recognition compared to the clinically approved PD1 antibodies Pembrolizumab and Nivolumab. Notably, HLX10's epitope was closer to Pembrolizumab's epitope than Nivolumab's epitope. However, HLX10 and Pembrolizumab showed an opposite heavy chain (HC) and light chain (LC) usage, which recognizes several overlapping amino acid residues on PD-1. We compared HLX10 to Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab and it showed similar or better bioactivity in vitro and in vivo, providing a rationale for clinical evaluation in cancer immunotherapy.
Piezoresistive 6-MNA coated microcantilevers with signal conditioning circuits for electronic nose (2011)

This paper presents a micro cantilever based piezo-resistive sensor and its fabrication process along with two different techniques for signal conditioning of sensor output aimed for artificial nose applications. The proposed micro-cantilevers feature a special coating of 6-Marcaptonicotonic acid (6-MNA) on one side of the cantilever which leads to a selective reaction of the target analyte molecules with the functionalized cantilever surface. Two signal conditioning schemes, a novel current excitation method and a resistance to frequency conversion (RFC) method using a new proposed circuit are implemented to precisely read the piezo-resistance changes. Current excitation method is implemented using commercial ICs while RFC method is implemented using a low-power test chip constituting of instrumentation amplifier, buffer and comparator in 180nm mixed-mode CMOS technology. It is shown that the implemented RFC method provides a resolution of 5ppm and is useful for low-cost on-chip measurements involving the piezo-resistive sensors. Implemented current excitation method provides measurement resolution of 40 parts per billion with minimum SNR value of 5 dB which is better than previously-reported values.
Imaging of the wrist at 1.5 tesla using isotropic three‐dimensional fast spin echo cube (2011)

Isotropic data from 3D-FSE-Cube allows reformations in arbitrary scan planes, which may make multiple 2D acquisitions unnecessary, and improve depiction of complex wrist anatomy. However, axial reformations suffer from blurring, likely due to T2 decay during the long echo train, limiting overall image quality in this plane.
Image Noise and Colorimetric Precision in Multispectral Image Capture (1998)

The performance of a multispectral (more than three color-records) camera is addressed from the standpoint of pixel-to-pixel error introduced by image detection. Matrix equations are given for the propagation of this image noise from camera signal through colorimetric transformations. Results of the analysis are shown to agree with experimental results, allowing the prediction of system colorimetric precision.
Axonal plasticity elicits long‐term changes in oligodendroglia and myelinated fibers (2009)

Axons are linked to induction of myelination during development and to the maintenance of myelin and myelinated tracts in the adult CNS. Currently, it is unknown whether and how axonal plasticity in adult CNS impacts the myelinating cells and their precursors. In this article, we report that newly formed axonal sprouts are able to induce a protracted myelination response in adult CNS. We show that newly formed axonal sprouts, induced by lesion of the entorhino-hippocampal perforant pathway, have the ability to induce a myelination response in stratum radiatum and lucidum CA3. The lesion resulted in significant recruitment of newly formed myelinating cells, documented by incorporation of the proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine into chondroitin sulphate NG2 expressing cells in stratum radiatum and lucidum CA3 early after lesion, and the occurrence of a 28% increase in the number of oligodendrocytes, of which some had incorporated bromodeoxyuridine, 9 weeks post-lesion. Additionally, a marked increase (41%) in myelinated fibres was detected in silver stained sections. Interestingly, these apparently new fibres achieved the same axon diameter as unlesioned mice but myelin thickness remained thinner than normal, suggesting that the sprouting axons in stratum radiatum and lucidum CA3 were not fully myelinated 9 weeks after lesion. Our combined results show that sprouting axons provide a strong stimulus to oligodendrocyte lineage cells to engage actively in the myelination processes in the adult CNS.
EP18213753.9: Tissue Anchoring Assembly (2018)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Sea-Based Deployment of Floating-Launch Missiles (Near-Term and Far-Term Design Concepts for Sea-Based Surface Mobile MX Missile Deployment) (1980)

This report presents systems concept descriptions for sea-based MX missiles, using surface ships as transporters. Near-term (1985-1990) and far- term (1990-2000) systems are described. Floating-launch methods are proposed, using either encapsulated missiles or the simpler (bare) HYDRA-type vertical floating launch. Parameters described include: force composition, missile jettison techniques, port facilities, deployment areas, personnel requirements, system costs, vulnerability, countermeasures, and C3 considerations.
Chelatbisphosphite mit Calix[4]arenrückgrat: neue Liganden für die rhodiumkatalysierte Niederdruckhydroformylierung mit steuerbarer Regioselektivität (1999)

Erstaunlich hohe Regioselektivitäten werden bei der rhodiumkatalysierten Niederdruckhydroformylierung von 1-Octen zu n-Nonanal mit Chelatbisphosphiten erzielt, die ein p-tert-Butylcalix[4]aren-Rückgrat aufweisen (siehe Bild). Mit Hilfe von Molecular-Modeling-Rechnungen konnten die Strukturen und damit die katalytischen Eigenschaften der Komplexe maßgeschneidert werden.