gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Detection thresholds for small haptic effects</title> (2002)

We are interested in finding out whether or not haptic interfaces will be useful in portable and hand held devices. Such systems will have severe constraints on force output. Our first step is to investigate the lower limits at which haptic effects can be perceived. In this paper we report on experiments studying the effects of varying the amplitude, size, shape, and pulse-duration of a haptic feature. Using a specific haptic device we measure the smallest detectable haptics effects, with active exploration of saw-tooth shaped icons sized 3, 4 and 5 mm, a sine-shaped icon 5 mm wide, and static pulses 50, 100, and 150 ms in width. Smooth shaped icons resulted in a detection threshold of approximately 55 mN, almost twice that of saw-tooth shaped icons which had a threshold of 31 mN.
Continuous-Wave, Room-Temperature Operation of 2-µm Sb-Based Optically-Pumped Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Monolithically Grown on GaAs Substrates (2009)

We report on continuous-wave, room-temperature operation at 2.014 mu m of Sb-based optically-pumped vertically-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers monolithically grown on GaAs substrates by using an interfacial misfit (IMF) growth mode. The IMF is characterized by a periodic array of 90 degrees misfit dislocation and enables the relaxed GaSb growth with a low dislocation density on lattice-mismatched GaAs after the growth of only a few monolayers of GaSb. A maximum output power of &gt;100 mW is obtained at -5 degrees C.
Abstract IA010: Hypomethylation of immune-related loci contribute to prostate tumorigenesis (2023)

Abstract Cancer-associated alterations in DNA methylation include hypermethylation of focal CpG islands within promoters, as well as hypomethylation of large stretches of gene-poor chromosomal domains, so called Partially Methylated Domains (PMDs). While CpG island hypermethylation is associated with silencing of tumor suppressor genes, the functional consequences of hypomethylation are uncertain. PMDs may be cause or consequence of cancer cell proliferation, and they have been associated with transcriptional de-repression of repetitive sequences, as well as histone modification-triggered silencing of rare protein encoding genes within these domains. In studying Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) isolated from blood specimens of patients with prostate cancer, we mapped PMDs at the single cell level, identifying a set of 40 “core PMDs” that are shared across cancer cells, within and across different individuals, as well as in prostate cancer cell lines. By analyzing single nuclei from micro-dissected early-stage prostate tumors, we find that hypomethylation of these core PMDs occurs early during prostate tumorigenesis. Core PMDs are highly enriched for immune-related genes, many of which are co-located within a single chromosomal locus targeted for hypomethylation-associated silencing. Nested between adjacent PMDs, we also identify domains that have retained DNA methylation (Preserved Methylation Islands; PMIs), which have sharply demarcated borders, spanning one or a small number of genes. In contrast to PMDs, PMIs are enriched for cell proliferation-associated genes. Together, these observations suggest that hypomethylation-associated silencing of immune-related genes, with sparing of adjacent proliferation-associated genes, is an early event in prostate cancer development. These large-scale chromosomal modifications are detectable within CTCs and may present diagnostic opportunities. Citation Format: Daniel A. Haber, Hongshan Guo, Ben S. Wittner, Joanna A Vuille, Michael S. Lawrence, Chin-Lee Wu, Mehmet Toner, David T. Miyamoto, Shyamala Maheswaran. Hypomethylation of immune-related loci contribute to prostate tumorigenesis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Cancer Metastasis; 2022 Nov 14-17; Portland, OR. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_2):Abstract nr IA010.
Age-Dependent Susceptibility to Pulmonary Fibrosis Is Associated with NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation (2016)

Aging has been implicated in the development of pulmonary fibrosis, which has seen a sharp increase in incidence in those older than 50 years. Recent studies demonstrate a role for the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat containing family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and its regulated cytokines in experimental lung fibrosis. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that age-related NLRP3 inflammasome activation is an important predisposing factor in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Briefly, young and aged wild-type and NLRP3(-/-) mice were subjected to bleomycin-induced lung injury. Pulmonary fibrosis was determined by histology and hydroxyproline accumulation. Bone marrow and alveolar macrophages were isolated from these mice. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was assessed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. IL-1β and IL-18 production was measured by ELISA. The current study demonstrated that aged wild-type mice developed more lung fibrosis and exhibited increased morbidity and mortality after bleomycin-induced lung injury, when compared with young mice. Bleomycin-exposed aged NLRP3(-/-) mice had reduced fibrosis compared with their wild-type age-matched counterparts. Bone marrow-derived and alveolar macrophages from aged mice displayed higher levels of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and caspase-1-dependent IL-1β and IL-18 production, which was associated with altered mitochondrial function and increased production of reactive oxygen species. Our study demonstrated that age-dependent increases in alveolar macrophage mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production and NLRP3 inflammasome activation contribute to the development of experimental fibrosis.
Real-time 3T MRI-guided cardiovascular catheterization in a porcine model using a glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire (2020)

Real-time 3T MRI-guided cardiovascular catheterization using a new MRI-visible glass-fiber epoxy-based guidewire is feasible in terms of visualization and guidewire navigation, and safe in terms of radiofrequency-induced guidewire tip heating.
A minimal model of insulin secretion and kinetics to assess hepatic insulin extraction (2005)

The liver is the principal site of insulin degradation, and assessing its ability to extract insulin is important to understand several pathological states. Noninvasive quantification of hepatic extraction (HE) in an individual requires comparing the profiles of insulin secretion (ISR) and posthepatic insulin delivery rate (IDR). To do this, we propose here the combined use of the classical C-peptide minimal model with a new minimal model of insulin delivery and kinetics. The models were identified on insulin-modified intravenous glucose tolerance test (IM-IVGTT) data of 20 healthy subjects. C-peptide kinetics were fixed to standard population values, whereas insulin kinetics were assessed in each individual, along with IDR parameters, thanks to the presence of insulin decay data observed after exogenous insulin administration. From the two models, profiles of ISR and IDR were predicted, and ISR and IDR indexes of beta-cell responsivity to glucose in the basal state, as well as during first- and second-phase secretion, were estimated. HE profile, obtained by comparing ISR and IDR profiles, showed a rapid suppression immediately after the glucose administration. HE indexes, obtained by comparing ISR and IDR indexes, indicated that the liver is able to extract 70 +/- 9% of insulin passing through it in the basal state and 54 +/- 14% during IM-IVGTT. In conclusion, insulin secretion, kinetics, and hepatic extraction can be reliably assessed during an IM-IVGTT by using insulin and C-peptide minimal models.
Dose/Volume histogram patterns in Salivary Gland subvolumes influence xerostomia injury and recovery (2019)

Xerostomia is a common consequence of radiotherapy in head and neck cancer. The objective was to compare the regional radiation dose distribution in patients that developed xerostomia within 6 months of radiotherapy and those recovered from xerostomia within 18 months post-radiotherapy. We developed a feature generation pipeline to extract dose volume histogram features from geometrically defined ipsilateral/contralateral parotid glands, submandibular glands, and oral cavity surrogates for each patient. Permutation tests with multiple comparisons were performed to assess the dose difference between injury vs. non-injury and recovery vs. non-recovery. Ridge logistic regression models were applied to predict injury and recovery using clinical features along with dose features (D10-D90) of the subvolumes extracted from oral cavity and salivary gland contours + 3 mm peripheral shell. Model performances were assessed by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) using nested cross-validation. We found that different regional dose/volume metrics patterns exist for injury vs. recovery. Compared to injury, recovery has increased importance to the subvolumes receiving lower dose. Within the subvolumes, injury tends to have increased importance towards D10 from D90. This suggests that different threshold for xerostomia injury and recovery. Injury is induced by the subvolumes receiving higher dose, and the ability to recover can be preserved by further reducing the dose to subvolumes receiving lower dose.
ChemInform Abstract: Revision of the Enantiotoposelective PLE‐Catalyzed Hydrolysis of cis‐5‐ Substituted‐1,3‐diacyloxycyclohexanes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reclaiming attention (2022)

Christianity: 1) portrays a living God who invites each person into a close relationship with him, 2) calls on all people to cultivate intimate and loving relationships with one another, and 3) extends this relational model to the natural world, charging each person to be a caring steward of God's creation.
On the Interaction between β2‐Microglobulin and Group A Streptococci (1984)

beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) was found to interact with many group A streptococcal strains. The interaction appeared to require multipoint attachment, since monomeric beta 2m in solution showed no binding, whereas both beta 2m monomers bound to liposomes, and beta 2m in aggregates showed affinity for the bacteria. Aggregated HLA antigens (-A, -B and -C) and aggregated beta 2m exhibited the same binding patterns when tested in binding experiments with various group A streptococcal strains. Furthermore, beta 2m aggregates in excess completely blocked the binding of aggregated HLA antigens, thereby demonstrating that beta 2m is able to interact with streptococcal surface structures also when it is part of the HLA antigen complex. M protein-positive group A streptococcal strains bound significantly more beta 2m than M protein-negative variants of these strains. Purified M 12 protein partly inhibited the binding of radiolabelled beta 2m aggregates to whole streptococci, and in gel filtration and affinity chromatography experiments, the M 12 protein interacted with beta 2m. These various data suggest that the interaction between beta 2m and group A streptococci could be mediated by M protein. Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a constituent of the streptococcal cell wall that has been reported to form complexes with M protein at the bacterial cell surface. However, LTA did not influence the interaction between beta 2m and streptococci, suggesting that the binding of beta 2m to streptococcal M protein represents a pure protein-protein interaction. In vivo such an interaction could be established between infecting streptococci and host cells. Among 45 strains of different M types large differences in beta 2m binding were recorded, whereas among 60 strains of the classical nephritogenic M types 12 and 49, all were highly beta 2m-reactive, which points towards a role for beta 2m in streptococcal pathogenicity.
A framework for modeling the cathode fall illustrated with a single beam model (1988)

A framework for a model of the cathode fall region of a dc glow discharge is presented, and a simple model is solved as an illustration. An extremum condition independent of the model is placed on the electric field behavior to produce a unique solution that agrees with experiment. The zeroth and second moments of the Boltzmann equation are solved for the electrons with a self-consistent electric field. A single-beam model with only two parameters (number density and beam velocity) is assumed for the electron distribution function. Ion motion is modeled with a parametric fit to known ion mobilities. The model is solved for conditions corresponding to the experimental results and to Monte Carlo simulations of Doughty, Den Hartog, and Lawler [Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2668 (1987)]. The results are in good qualitative and ‘‘factor-of-two’’ quantitative agreement with the published results.
Nucleation and Growth Behavior of Atomic Layer Deposited HfO[sub 2] Films on Silicon Oxide Starting Surfaces (2006)

Growing nanometer-thin films by atomic layer deposition (ALD) for implementation in advanced transistor structures is controlled by the density of reactive OH sites on the surface. The impact of thin starting surfaces, grown by wet chemical processes and by wetting a thermal oxide, on the nucleation and growth of ALD has therefore been evaluated. Our results demonstrate that both surface pretreatments display the same dependence of the initial growth on the interfacial layer thickness. This correlation is first characterized by a linear increase, which can be interpreted in terms of increasing OH surface concentration. Once an ellipsometric oxide thickness of approximately is reached, saturation of the deposition occurs. Maximal OH coverage of the surface or steric hindrance of the adsorbed precursor molecules could explain this observation. However, the increased growth-per-cycle at lower deposition temperatures can be attributed to an improved hydroxylation of the surface, excluding steric hindrance as the primary factor causing saturation. Furthermore, electrical characterization revealed that both interfacial oxides show identical leakage scaling behavior down to an equivalent oxide thickness of .
ISPMD consensus on the management of premenstrual disorders (2020)

The second consensus meeting of the International Society for Premenstrual Disorders (ISPMD) took place in London during March 2011. The primary goal was to evaluate the published evidence and consider the expert opinions of the ISPMD members to reach a consensus on advice for the management of premenstrual disorders. Gynaecologists, psychiatrists, psychologists and pharmacologists each formally presented the evidence within their area of expertise; this was followed by an in-depth discussion leading to consensus recommendations. This article provides a comprehensive review of the outcomes from the meeting. The group discussed and agreed that careful diagnosis based on the recommendations and classification derived from the first ISPMD consensus conference is essential and should underlie the appropriate management strategy. Options for the management of premenstrual disorders fall under two broad categories, (a) those influencing central nervous activity, particularly the modulation of the neurotransmitter serotonin and (b) those that suppress ovulation. Psychotropic medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, probably acts by dampening the influence of sex steroids on the brain. Oral contraceptives, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, danazol and estradiol all most likely function by ovulation suppression. The role of oophorectomy was also considered in this respect. Alternative therapies are also addressed, with, e.g. cognitive behavioural therapy, calcium supplements and Vitex agnus castus warranting further exploration.
Synthesis and preliminary antimicrobial evaluation of some new 6-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives (2015)

A series of new 6-methoxyquinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives were synthesized using a variety of synthetic routes. The newly synthesized compounds have been characterized by IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectral data followed by elemental analysis. All of the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against Streptococcus pneumonia and Bacillus subtilis as examples for Gram-positive bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli as examples for Gram-negative bacteria, and Aspergillus fumigatus, Syncephalastrum racemosum, Geotriucum candidum and Candida albicans as representative examples of fungi. The majority of tested compounds showed moderate activities against wide range of selected organisms. Among the tested compounds, the ester derivative 7b and the thioether derivative 9c showed the highest antimicrobial activity against gram-positive strains while the highest activity against gram-negative strains was observed in case of 7b, 7d and 9b while compound 7e found more active than Amphotericin B against three fungal species.
Sexual Transmission and Propagation of SIV and HIV in Resting and Activated CD4 + T Cells (1999)

In sexual transmission of simian immunodeficiency virus, and early and later stages of human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) infection, both viruses were found to replicate predominantly in CD4(+) T cells at the portal of entry and in lymphoid tissues. Infection was propagated not only in activated and proliferating T cells but also, surprisingly, in resting T cells. The infected proliferating cells correspond to the short-lived population that produces the bulk of HIV-1. Most of the HIV-1-infected resting T cells persisted after antiretroviral therapy. Latently and chronically infected cells that may be derived from this population pose challenges to eradicating infection and developing an effective vaccine.
Peptidases Compartmentalized to the Ascaris suum Intestinal Lumen and Apical Intestinal Membrane (2015)

The nematode intestine is a tissue of interest for developing new methods of therapy and control of parasitic nematodes. However, biological details of intestinal cell functions remain obscure, as do the proteins and molecular functions located on the apical intestinal membrane (AIM), and within the intestinal lumen (IL) of nematodes. Accordingly, methods were developed to gain a comprehensive identification of peptidases that function in the intestinal tract of adult female Ascaris suum. Peptidase activity was detected in multiple fractions of the A. suum intestine under pH conditions ranging from 5.0 to 8.0. Peptidase class inhibitors were used to characterize these activities. The fractions included whole lysates, membrane enriched fractions, and physiological- and 4 molar urea-perfusates of the intestinal lumen. Concanavalin A (ConA) was confirmed to bind to the AIM, and intestinal proteins affinity isolated on ConA-beads were compared to proteins from membrane and perfusate fractions by mass spectrometry. Twenty-nine predicted peptidases were identified including aspartic, cysteine, and serine peptidases, and an unexpectedly high number (16) of metallopeptidases. Many of these proteins co-localized to multiple fractions, providing independent support for localization to specific intestinal compartments, including the IL and AIM. This unique perfusion model produced the most comprehensive view of likely digestive peptidases that function in these intestinal compartments of A. suum, or any nematode. This model offers a means to directly determine functions of these proteins in the A. suum intestine and, more generally, deduce the wide array functions that exist in these cellular compartments of the nematode intestine.
A Hybrid Method for Distance Metric Learning (2012)

We consider the problem of learning a measure of distance among vectors in a feature space and propose a hybrid method that simultaneously learns from similarity ratings assigned to pairs of vectors and class labels assigned to individual vectors. Our method is based on a generative model in which class labels can provide information that is not encoded in feature vectors but yet relates to perceived similarity between objects. Experiments with synthetic data as well as a real medical image retrieval problem demonstrate that leveraging class labels through use of our method improves retrieval performance significantly.
Translational studies in older men using testosterone to treat sarcopenia. (2014)

Sarcopenia is the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging. Our research group has found an efficacious administration paradigm using testosterone to combat sarcopenia in humans. In addition, our research has uncovered an important regulatory enzyme of inflammation, nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase that may regulate human skeletal muscle catabolism, and that appears to be counter-regulated by administration of standard doses of testosterone. This is important because a number of age-related clinical circumstances trigger acute and chronic muscle loss including cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hospitalization, acute and chronic illness, and diseases in which systemic inflammation occurs. Moreover, it is often the treatment itself that can induce muscle loss. For example, glucocorticoids are tremendously effective at reducing inflammation and are a frontline therapy for many inflammatory-based diseases, yet paradoxically trigger muscle loss. We will discuss our research findings and the clinical significance of our human clinical translational research with testosterone.
Surgical Measures for Coronary Heart Disease (1975)

Indirect Myocardial RevascularizationON the basis of the myocardial sinusoidal circulation demonstrated by the detailed pathological studies of Wearn and his associates,1 Vineberg postulated that a freely bleeding artery surgically implanted into the myocardium might achieve adequate initial runoff and later establish inter-coronary arterial collateral.2 Vineberg applied the indirect revascularization procedure clinically, with apparently excellent early clinical results.3 Skepticism concerning the procedure prevailed for many years because of the lack of objective evaluation of the clinical results. It was not until the development of an effective method for selective cine coronary arteriography by Sones,4 that objective . . .
Sensor Deployment Using Interleaved Experimentation, Modeling, and Optimization (2006)

Understanding the dynamics of a microclimate environment is difficult because of the number of factors that lead to changes in the environment. Minimizing the number of sensors needed to accurately characterize the environment results in low deployment and maintenance cost, while maximizing the utility of the data. Optimal sensor placement is difficult because it is dependent upon the properties of the environment, the types of obstacles in the environment, as well as the sensing phenomenon. We have deployed a sensor network in a botanical garden consisting of both static and portable nodes. Each node is equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, and readings were taken once per minute for over a month. Using the data from this deployment we present and evaluate two different approaches to sensor placement. The basis for our deployment approach is spatial-temporal statistical analysis that combines splinebased modeling, principal component analysis, and data partitioning. We prove that sensor network deployment is an NP-complete problem using a transformation from the dominating set problem. We also develop an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation that calculates the provably optimal solution to the network deployment problem.