gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Service Programming with Path Preprocessing (2021)

Network services are essential in modern networks. They are a crucial part of today's network operation and ensure customizable, reliable, and secure communication. This being said, they also have a noteworthy drawback: they are consumed in a static manner. As a consequence, the management of network services is too complex and thus expensive and error-prone. Furthermore, this static processing cannot react to network changes: a service outage, a link failure, or any other network events can result in connectivity loss for customers and has to be usually resolved manually. This paper proposes a practical solution for dynamic, event-triggered, and fast path calculations that program services and permit a so-called service chain. To allow programming services directly in the backbone of a service provider network is solving the static service consumption in service provider networks. The solution is based on the functionalities of Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6 in short), which implements the source-based routing paradigm with the native IPv6 encapsulation. Our focus was set on finding the best reliable and fast way to calculate the best path through the given service instances. Because service provider networks are constantly growing, an algorithm has to be found and implemented so that the growth of the network has no impact on the calculation performance. A complete cloud-native development approach has been taken to create the application as elastic and fault-tolerant as possible. Thanks to the cloud-native approach, the application can be portable in a different environment, in an on-premise datacenter, or directly in the public cloud.
Sustainable Development in the Field of Automobiles with low Sulfur Fuels (2014)

In today’s world where pollution levels have raised to such an extent that if immediate control isn’t achieved than it could lead to the fallout of various species and ecosystems. One of the leading contributors is air pollution, which is greatly caused by the immense amount of vehicular emissions from the tailpipes of millions of vehicles across the globe. A detailed analysis leads to the fact that the presence of sulfur in the fuels used to power vehicles is a hazardous pollutant and furthermore allows for the increase in volume of other pollutants released. Thus removal of this element from fuel is the best way to cut down drastically on vehicular emissions and provide for sustainable development along with conservation of environment. In this paper we will be discussing about the various benefits of Low Sulfur fuels, the environmental impact they have. Complications that are caused by the presence of sulfur in fuels and how Sulfur prevents the proper functioning of many catalysts are also discussed in detail. Also, the impact of using Low Sulfur fuels in various types of engines is important. Low Sulfur fuels have a positive impact of the emissions of gasoline and diesel engines and Fuel Cell Vehicles, which are the future of Automobile Engineering with reduced emissions and eco friendly. Types and manufacturing processes involved in the production of Low Sulfur fuels are being dealt with exhaustively. Benefits of Low Sulfur fuels far outweigh the costs. They are far less polluting and have a much smaller environmental footprint.
Suppression of reverse recovery ringing 3.3kV/450A Si/SiC hybrid in low internal inductance package: Next high power density dual; nHPD2 (2016)

Suppression of reverse recovery ringing from 3.3kV Si-IGBT SiC Schottky barrier diode hybrid was verified. Reducing loop inductance, consisting of internal module, busbar connection and capacitor, is effective. To realize low inductance within the module and external connection with busbar, the gap between p and n terminal is minimized whilst maintaining the creepage and clearance required by regulation standards. Functional isolation is adopted instead of basic isolation. We achieved an inductance value 9nH for a 3.3kV, 450A dual IGBT, that leads to the extinction of reverse recovery oscillation. Details of switching characteristics of Si + SiC hybrid module is compared with that of Si IGBT module with low inductance.
CUILESS2016: a clinical corpus applying compositional normalization of text mentions (2018)

Our results provide evidence that compositional concepts can increase semantic coverage in clinical text. To our knowledge we provide the first freely available corpus of compositional concept annotation in clinical text.
Oblivious Pseudorandom Functions from Isogenies. (2020)

An oblivious PRF, or OPRF, is a protocol between a client and a server, where the server has a key k for a secure pseudorandom function F, and the client has an input x for the function. At the end of the protocol the client learns F(k, x), and nothing else, and the server learns nothing. An OPRF is verifiable if the client is convinced that the server has evaluated the PRF correctly with respect to a prior commitment to k. OPRFs and verifiable OPRFs have numerous applications, such as private-set-intersection protocols, password-based key-exchange protocols, and defense against denial-of-service attacks. Existing OPRF constructions use RSA-, Diffie-Hellman-, and lattice-type assumptions. The first two are not post-quantum secure.
Chloroacetamide Herbicides (2016)

The chloroacetamides are one of the most widely used groups of herbicides, which are characterized by an excellent efficacy against many annual grass weeds and certain, mainly small-seeded, dicotyledonous weeds in a variety of major crops, such as corn, cotton, rice, and soybean. They are mainly used in preemergent and early postemergent treatment. The herbicidal activity of the chloroacetamides is due to their capability to inhibit the biosynthesis of nonsphingolipid very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), resulting in a lack of lipids, proteins, and lignin for the plant. The chloroacetamides share the mode of action of VLCFA biosynthesis inhibition with the acetamides diphenamid, naproanilide, and napropamide, the oxyacetamides flufenacet and mefenacet, the tetrazolinones ipfencarbazone and fentrazamide as well as the miscellaneous herbicides anilofos, cafenstrole, piperophos, and pyroxasulfone. Most important grass weeds controlled by chloroacetamides are Digitaria sanguinalis, Echinochloa crus-galli, Setaria faberi, and Sorghum halepense.
The continuous synthesis and application of graphene supported palladium nanoparticles: a highly effective catalyst for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions (2015)

Abstract An efficient, sustainable, and continuous method for the preparation of graphene supported palladium nanoparticles (Pd/G) has been developed using microwave irradiation as a heating source for the metal deposition process. The Pd/G produced from this method was effective in Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions with a broad range of substrates. When incorporated into a packed bed flow reactor, this ligand free catalyst system continued to demonstrate high reaction conversions with limited catalyst leaching in the reaction mixture (347 ppb palladium).
The chemoattractant des-Arg74-C5a regulates the expression of its own receptor on a monocyte-like cell line (1986)

The interaction of the chemoattractant des-Arg74-C5a (C5a des Arg) with its receptor on a human monocyte-like cell line, U-937, was examined. The data obtained suggest that C5a des Arg receptor expression is regulated by the extracellular concentration of C5a des Arg itself.
A Real-Time Deformable Detector (2011)

We propose a new learning strategy for object detection. The proposed scheme forgoes the need to train a collection of detectors dedicated to homogeneous families of poses, and instead learns a single classifier that has the inherent ability to deform based on the signal of interest. We train a detector with a standard AdaBoost procedure by using combinations of pose-indexed features and pose estimators. This allows the learning process to select and combine various estimates of the pose with features able to compensate for variations in pose without the need to label data for training or explore the pose space in testing. We validate our framework on three types of data: hand video sequences, aerial images of cars, and face images. We compare our method to a standard boosting framework, with access to the same ground truth, and show a reduction in the false alarm rate of up to an order of magnitude. Where possible, we compare our method to the state of the art, which requires pose annotations of the training data, and demonstrate comparable performance.
Non-linear FM waveform design using Marginal Fisher's Information within the CPM framework (2011)

The optimization of radar codes for specific use within the continuous phase modulation (CPM) implementation is presented as a means to achieve both power and spectral efficiency for radar emissions. An optimization strategy known as Marginal Fisher's Information (MFI), recently shown to be an efficient and effective strategy for the selection of high dimensional codes, is here applied within the CPM framework to design continuous waveforms that are physically realizable.
Assessment of sediment contamination by spermiotoxicity and embryotoxicity bioassays with sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus) and oysters (Crassostrea gigas) (2001)

Gametes (sperm) and fertilized eggs (embryos) of the Mediterranean sea urchin, Paracentrotus lividus, and the Japanese oyster, Crassostrea gigas, were used to investigate the toxicity of two marine sediments, one polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and the other by heavy metals. The sediment samples were freeze-dried for storage, and three different treatments were used for analysis: whole sediment, unfiltered elutriate, and filtered elutriate. The two sediments were toxic to sea urchin spermatozoa but not to oyster spermatozoa, and embryotoxicity was almost always the more sensitive endpoint for toxicity assessment. As a rule, whole sediment was more toxic than the elutriates by nearly two orders of magnitude. With respect to embryotoxicity, the whole sediments and the elutriates of the PAH-contaminated sediment were more toxic to oyster embryos, whereas the elutriates of the sediment polluted by heavy metals had stronger effects on sea urchin embryos. The results confirm that bioassays with Japanese oyster embryos provide a more sensitive appraisal of toxicity in the marine environment than bioassays with other developmental stages. As a whole, Mediterranean sea urchins and Japanese oysters were similar in overall sensitivity and are therefore both equally suited as bioassay organisms, but tests with oysters are more reproducible because of the better performance of the controls.
Enkephalin is liberated from metorphamide and dynorphin A1-8 by endo-oligopeptidase A, but not by metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 (1988)

It has been previously reported that both the cysteinyl-endo-oligopeptidase A and the metalloendopeptidase EC 3.4.24.15 are able to generate enkephalin from a number of enkephalin-containing peptides, including dynorphin A1-8. The present study shows that only endo-oligopeptidase A is able to generate [Leu5]enkephalin and [Met5]enkephalin from dynorphin A1-8 and from metorphamide respectively. It is also shown that endo-oligopeptidase A neither hydrolyses the specific EC 3.4.24.15 substrate alpha-N-benzoyl-Gly-Ala-Ala-Phe p-aminobenzoate, nor is inhibited by the specific EC 3.4.24.15 inhibitor N-[1(RS)-carboxy-2-phenylethyl]-alpha-Ala-Ala-Phe p-aminobenzoate.
Properties and Crystal Structure of Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (2011)

The different intersubunit interfaces and rearrangement of subunits of Thermus MTHFR may be related to human enzyme properties, such as the allosteric regulation by S-adenosylmethionine and the enhanced instability of the Ala222Val mutant upon loss of FAD. Whereas E. coli MTHFR was the only structural model for human MTHFR to date, our findings suggest that Thermus MTHFR will be another useful model for this important enzyme.
Identity-Based Proxy Cryptosystems with Revocability and Hierarchical Confidentialities (2012)

Proxy cryptosystems are classified into proxy decryption systems and proxy re-encryption systems on the basis of a proxy's role. In this paper, we propose an ID-based proxy cryptosystem with revocability and hierarchical confidentialities. In our scheme, on receiving a ciphertext, the proxy has the rights to perform the following three tasks according to the message confidentiality levels of the sender's intention: (1) to decrypt the ciphertext on behalf of the original decryptor; (2) to re-encrypt the ciphertext such that another user who is designated by the original decryptor can learn the message; (3) to do nothing except for forwarding the ciphertext to the original decryptor. Our scheme supports revocability in the sense that it allows proxy's decryption and re-encryption rights to be revoked even during the valid period of the proxy key without changing the original decryptor's public information. We prove that our proposal is indistinguishable against chosen identity and plaintext attacks in the standard model. We also show how to convert it into a system against chosen identity and ciphertext attacks by using the Fujisaki-Okamoto transformation.
What makes the dynamic capacitated Arc routing problem hard to solve (2022)

The Capacitated Arc Routing Problem (CARP) aims at assigning vehicles to serve tasks which are located at different arcs in a graph. However, the originally planned routes are easily affected by different dynamic events like newly added tasks. This gives rise to Dynamic CARP (DCARP) instances, which need to be efficiently optimized for new high-quality service plans in a short time. However, it is unknown which dynamic events make DCARP instances especially hard to solve. Therefore, in this paper, we provide an investigation of the influence of different dynamic events on DCARP instances from the perspective of fitness landscape analysis based on a recently proposed hybrid local search (HyLS) algorithm. We generate a large set of DCARP instances based on a variety of dynamic events and analyze the fitness landscape of these instances using several different measures such as fitness correlation length. From the empirical results we conclude that cost-related events have no significant impact on the difficulty of DCARP instances, but instances which require more new vehicles to serve the remaining tasks are harder to solve. These insights improve our understanding of the DCARP instances and pave the way for future work on improving the performance of DCARP algorithms.
Critical role for arginase 2 in obesity-associated pancreatic cancer (2017)

Obesity is an established risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Despite recent identification of metabolic alterations in this lethal malignancy, the metabolic dependencies of obesity-associated PDA remain unknown. Here we show that obesity-driven PDA exhibits accelerated growth and a striking transcriptional enrichment for pathways regulating nitrogen metabolism. We find that the mitochondrial form of arginase (ARG2), which hydrolyzes arginine into ornithine and urea, is induced upon obesity, and silencing or loss of ARG2 markedly suppresses PDA. In vivo infusion of <sup>15</sup>N-glutamine in obese mouse models of PDA demonstrates enhanced nitrogen flux into the urea cycle and infusion of <sup>15</sup>N-arginine shows that Arg2 loss causes significant ammonia accumulation that results from the shunting of arginine catabolism into alternative nitrogen repositories. Furthermore, analysis of PDA patient tumors indicates that ARG2 levels correlate with body mass index (BMI). The specific dependency of PDA on ARG2 rather than the principal hepatic enzyme ARG1 opens a therapeutic window for obesity-associated pancreatic cancer.Obesity is an established risk factor for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA). Here the authors show that obesity induces the expression of the mitochondrial form of arginase ARG2 in PDA and that ARG2 silencing or loss results in ammonia accumulation and suppression of obesity-driven PDA tumor growth.
A 10.4pJ/b (32, 8) LDPC decoder with time-domain analog and digital mixed-signal processing (2013)

Analog computation is potentially more efficient in certain arithmetic operations since a single wire can represent multiple bits of information, while digital systems retain advantages, for example, in logical operations. However, the use of conventional voltage-domain analog computation [1, 2] is limited due to its poor scalability, design complexity, and the overhead of interface circuits (i.e. ADC/DAC) to a surrounding digital system. Therefore, an alternate technique is required for exploiting the efficiency of analog computation. In this paper, we propose time-domain analog and digital mixed (TDMixed) signal processing, wherein time instead of voltage is utilized as the analog signal. To verify the validity of the TDMixed signal processing, we implement an (32, 8) low-density parity-check (LDPC) decoder in 65nm CMOS. The decoder achieves power and area efficiencies of 10.4pJ/b and 6.1Gb/s/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively.
Boosting PLA melt strength by controlling the chirality of co-monomer incorporation (2021)

Bio-based and degradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) have become prominent. In spite of encouraging features, PLA has a low melt strength and melt elasticity, resulting in processing and application limitations that diminish its substitution potential <i>vis-a-vis</i> classic plastics. Here, we demonstrate a large increase in zero shear viscosity, melt elasticity, elongational viscosity and melt strength by random co-polymerization of lactide with small amounts, <i>viz.</i> 0.4-10 mol%, of diethylglycolide of opposite chiral nature. These enantiomerically pure monomers can be synthesized using one-step zeolite catalysis. Screening of the ester linkages in the final PLA chains by the ethyl side groups is suggested to create an expanding effect on the polymer coils in molten state by weakening of chain-chain interactions. This effect is suspected to increase the radius of gyration, enabling more chain entanglements and consequently increasing the melt strength. A stronger melt could enable access to more cost-competitive and sustainable PLA-based biomaterials with a broader application window. Amongst others, blow molding of bottles, film blowing, fiber spinning and foaming could be facilitated by PLA materials exhibiting a higher melt strength.
Eliminating Inter-BSS Co-Channel Interference by MC-CDMA in WLANs (2007)

Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) was proposed to improve capacities of wireless networks. Instead of increasing the data transmission rates of wireless links, the authors propose to assign independent data streams obtained by MC-CDMA for transmitting uplink and downlink traffic separately in order to eliminate the hidden-node and exposed-node problems between cochannel BSSs in WLANs. Simulations show that our scheme can improve network throughputs by 106% in an exposed-node scenario and by 113% in a hidden-node scenario. The authors also consider the hardware and MAC requirements of our scheme under different settings of physical carrier sensing range. The authors believe this is a first paper in the literature to assign MC-CDMA generated data streams in WLANs so as to mitigate the hidden-node and exposed-node problems.
Coca Chewing and High-Altitude Stress: Possible Effects of Coca Alkaloids on Erythropoiesis [and Comments and Reply] (1978)

Andean Indians who chew coca seek to alleviate symptoms of hunger, thirst, fatigue, cold, and pain. A complete explanation of coca's use should account for these motives. The distribution of coca chewing in the Andes is shown to parallel that of polycythemia. Coca chewing is more common in higher altitudes, with men consistently chewing more than women and children, and chewing is especially common amongst mineworkers. Since androgens stimulate erythropoiesis and estrogens depress it, men at any given altitude are also more susceptible to polycythemia than women. Mineworkers are polycythemic because of silicosis. The debilitating effects of viscous blood from polycythemia are more consequential than the increased ability of the blood to transport oxygen. Clinical manifestations of polycythemia include fatigue and headache, some of the very symptoms which coca chewers seek to alleviate by their use of the drug. A physiological mechanism is suggested by which cocaine and ecgonine, the active ingredients in the coca leaf, may suppress erythropoiesis, thereby helping to alleviate these symptoms. Since evidence exists that, when nutrition and disease are taken into account as influencing factors, coca chewers have lower hematocrits than controls, it is likely that coca use provides specific medicinal relief for chronic polycythemia.
A ‘Multiomic’ Approach of Saliva Metabolomics, Microbiota, and Serum Biomarkers to Assess the Need of Hospitalization in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (2022)

This is a proof of concept that a combined omic analysis can be used to stratify patients independently from COVID-19.
Natural Product-like Combinatorial Libraries Based on Privileged Structures. 2. Construction of a 10 000-Membered Benzopyran Library by Directed Split-and-Pool Chemistry Using NanoKans and Optical Encoding (2000)

Having developed a reliable and versatile solid-phase strategy for the split-and-pool synthesis of naturally occurring and designed derivatives of the benzopyran template (see preceding paper), we now report the construction of a 10 000-membered natural product-like compound library for chemical biology studies. Concomitantly, we report an early application of the IRORI NanoKan optical encoding system for the high throughput nonchemical tagging and sorting of library members during split-and-pool synthesis. The overall synthetic strategy for library construction is discussed and the individual reaction pathways are examined in the context of specific library members, illustrating reaction conditions as well as yields and purities. The issues of building block selection and quality control of library members are also addressed and, finally, potential applications of the library to chemical biology are discussed.
DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS OVER SQUARE-EDGED 2-D AND 3-D ROUGH WALLS (2011)

Direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of spatially developing turbulent boundary layers (TBLs) over two-dimensional (2-D) rod- and three-dimensional (3-D) cube-roughened walls were performed to see the roughness effects on the properties of TBL. The 2-D and 3-D roughness were periodically arranged in the downstream direction with pitches of px/k = 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 10 and, for the cube the spanwise spacing is fixed at pz/k = 2 with staggered array, where px and pz are the streamwise and spanwise spacings of the roughness and k is the roughness height. Inspection of the Reynolds stresses showed that except for px/k = 2 and 3 over the 2-D rough walls, the effects of the surface roughness extend to the outer layer over the 2-D and 3-D rough walls and the magnitude of the Reynolds stresses in the outer layer is increased in proportion to px/k. The consistent results were observed in the behavior of wall-normal fluctuations ( νw+ ) on the crest of the roughness suggested by Orlandi & Leonardi (2008), indicating that νw+ might be a suitable parameter to predict the influence of the surface roughness in the outer layer over the square-edged rough walls. However, such results are contrary to the trends of the form drag, roughness function and roughness length against px/k, which showed the maximum values at px/k = 8 and 4 over the 2-D and 3-D rough walls respectively.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Tyrosine Phosphatase Shp2 Interacts with NPM-ALK and Regulates Anaplastic Lymphoma Cell Growth and Migration (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The Tyrosine Phosphatase Shp2 Interacts with NPM-ALK and Regulates Anaplastic Lymphoma Cell Growth and Migration