gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of angiotensin II-forming chymase in the cardiomyopathic hamster heart (1997)

These results indicate that heart chymase is activated concurrently with the development of cardiomyopathy. Thus, we conclude that heart chymase could play the primary role in accelerating ANG II formation, thereby causing deleterious changes in the cardiomyopathic heart.
Thin, fast, and flexible (2011)

Amorphous silicon has long been the king of flat panel displays. It began its reign in PC monitors and high-definition TV, then conquered netbooks, e-readers, and smartphones. No other substance was as suitable for the thin-film transistors that sit behind a display's hundreds of thousands of pixels, turning each one on or off. But soon the dominion of amorphous silicon will pass, because it can't provide what coming generations of electronic products will require. For one thing, it isn't fast enough. Next-generation LCD TVs will be refreshed at least 240 times a second, which is two to four times as quick as today's versions; that way, they'll provide sharper fast-action sports and movies. Three-dimensional displays will need refresh rates twice again as high, to provide all that fast-motion goodness to each eye.
A workstation network for cardiac electrophysiology (2003)

A system based on a network of engineering workstations has been developed for data acquisition and analysis in multichannel cardiac mapping. The system consists of a microcomputer-controlled data-acquisition front end, the network of workstations, and the necessary software for display and analysis of cardiac activations. The system has been designed for ease of use in experimental and clinical studies by investigators with little computer expertise. The expandability of the system allows the accommodation of more users without major increases in cost and complexity. The network consists of monochrome, color, and high-performance graphics workstations at several campus locations. The compatibility of nodes allows the efficient and convenient sharing of software and data among groups; all of the stations have the ability to run the suite of data analysis programs. This network has proved to be extremely useful in support of research efforts, offering extensive shared file storage and software access. Each user has dedicated processing power and bit-mapped graphics capability, allowing data analysis and display program development, as well as document preparation, with little impact on others.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
RF generation using a compact bench gyromagnetic line (2022)

The search for new technologies aiming to reach radiofrequency (RF) generation in different manners for diverse ends is a constant demand for several applications. The goal is to develop cost-effective and simpler systems compared to those that already exist. Our motivation is to reach an alternative way of generating RF in pulsed transmission systems employing a gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission line (GNLTL). The GNLTL consists of a ferrite-loaded-coaxial transmission line and can produce a large frequency spectrum with RF conversion efficiency above 10% from about 200 MHz up to the frequency of 2-4 GHz (S-band) for potential space-based applications. In a GNLTL, the signal amplitude is related to its propagation velocity since the peak voltage travels faster than its portion of lower amplitudes since the ferrite permeability decreases with the current amplitude. As the pulse crest travels faster than its valley, a time reduction happens in the output rise time, called pulse sharpening. Besides, the magnetic moments of ferrite dipoles initially aligned with the axial magnetic bias are displaced from their original position by the azimuthal field generated around the inner conductor by the current pulse, resulting in a damped precession movement. This movement happens along the line length as the current pulse propagates, inducing high-frequency oscillations. In short, the paper's goal is to present the experimental results using a 60-cm gyromagnetic line to provide RF in the GHz range using a solenoid for magnetic bias on a testing bench. Finally, the paper discusses the influence of the azimuthal and the axial magnetic fields on the output signal with the ferrite rings operating in a saturation state during the current pulse propagation.
Group-velocity mismatch effect in high-order harmonic generation (2015)

We theoretically investigate the role of group velocity matching in high-order harmonic generation. We introduce the associated walk-off length, and present its scaling with wavelength and pulse duration.
Novel strain-level resolution of Crohn’s disease mucosa-associated microbiota via an ex vivo combination of microbe culture and metagenomic sequencing (2021)

The mucosa-associated microbiota is widely recognized as a potential trigger for Crohn's disease pathophysiology but remains largely uncharacterised beyond its taxonomic composition. Unlike stool microbiota, the functional characterisation of these communities using current DNA/RNA sequencing approaches remains constrained by the relatively small microbial density on tissue, and the overwhelming amount of human DNA recovered during sample preparation. Here, we have used a novel ex vivo approach that combines microbe culture from anaerobically preserved tissue with metagenome sequencing (MC-MGS) to reveal patient-specific and strain-level differences among these communities in post-operative Crohn's disease patients. The 16 S rRNA gene amplicon profiles showed these cultures provide a representative and holistic representation of the mucosa-associated microbiota, and MC-MGS produced both high quality metagenome-assembled genomes of recovered novel bacterial lineages. The MC-MGS approach also produced a strain-level resolution of key Enterobacteriacea and their associated virulence factors and revealed that urease activity underpins a key and diverse metabolic guild in these communities, which was confirmed by culture-based studies with axenic cultures. Collectively, these findings using MC-MGS show that the Crohn's disease mucosa-associated microbiota possesses taxonomic and functional attributes that are highly individualistic, borne at least in part by novel bacterial lineages not readily isolated or characterised from stool samples using current sequencing approaches.
Fluid-fluid levels in injured knees: do they always represent lipohemarthrosis? (1996)

Single fluid-fluid levels in posttraumatic knee joints do not necessarily represent a lipohemarthrosis. Double fluid-fluid levels are a more specific finding.
Mammographic Density: A Heritable Risk Factor for Breast Cancer (2008)

The appearance of the breast on mammography varies among women, reflecting variations in tissue composition. Stroma and epithelium attenuate x-rays more than fat and appear light on a mammogram, which we refer to here as " mammographic density, " while fat appears dark. We show evidence that mammographic density is a strong risk factor for breast cancer, and that risk of breast cancer is four to five times greater in women with density in more than 75% of the breast, compared with those with little or no density. Density in more than 50% of the breast may account for a large proportion of breast cancers. Density is influenced by age, parity, body mass index, and menopause but these factors account for only 20 - 30% of the variation in density in the population. Twin studies have shown that percent mammographic density, at a given age, is highly heritable, and that inherited factors explain 63% of the variance. Mammographic density has the characteristics of a quantitative trait, and may be influenced by genes that are easier to identify than those associated with breast cancer itself. The genes that influence mammographic density may also be associated with risk of breast cancer, and their identification is also likely to provide insights into the biology of the breast, and to identify potential targets for preventive strategies.
Pulsed, Intense Electron Beams From Pseudo-Spark Discharges (1988)

ABSTRACT With multigap pseudo-spark chambers intense pulsed electron beams are generated by a low pressure discharge in different kinds of gases. The beams propagate in a self-focused man­ ner through the low pressure gas. This depends on the influence of its own magnetic field and space charge neutralization. After a few millimeters the flight path of the beams hit metallic targets and drills holes of some tenths of millimeters in diameter. In principle the fact of drilling holes is not restricted to metallic materials. This is also possible into organic and inorganic insulators. The main applications for such beams therefore is high quality material processing. Furthermore it is shown to produce wideband soft X-rays. The option of postacceleration of such beams makes it attractive for future accelerators. 1. INTRODUCTION The first reference to a special discharge at low pressure was made by J. Christiansen during the development of gasfilled parallel plate counters1 ' 2 for nuclear and high energy physics. High current sparks were found at low gas pressure near the PASCHEN3 minimum, par­ ticularly at the edges of the electrodes. There was not simple explanation for their exist­ ence. Twenty years later4, investigations finally were started to explore this phenomenon. The solution to this high current spark problem was to guide the discharge using central bore holes in the electrodes. This geometry forms the basis of the so-called pseudo-spark chamber. Various applications for the pseudo-spark discharge5/ 6 as a pulsed particle beam source (ions, electrons) or fast power switch? are imaginable with this new geometric lay­ out.
Interference in tactile discrmination performance by neuronal modulation (2019)

Perceiving and processing sensory stimuli are essential to generate motor action. Previous studies suggested features of vibrotactile stimulus such as amplitude and frequency are differently represented onto somatosensory cortices so that the stimulus can be discriminated. In the present study, we aimed to demonstrate the effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) triplet pulses over primary somatosensory cortex (S1) or secondary somatosensory cortex (S2) on a tactile discrimination task. In two alternative forced choice task, TMS over S1 or S2 significantly interfered with the discrimination performance. This disruptive influence was mostly shown when the vibrotactile stimulus was close to high frequency (320Hz). Therefore we concluded the inhibitory effect of TMS is selective with tactile frequency.
Supplementary Material and Methods from Imaging of Esophageal Lymph Node Metastases by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Full methodological details of data analysis with respect to: tissue specific mass spectra extraction; data pre-processing (mass range selection, peak alignment, normalization, de-noising, data averaging); multivariate statistical models; glycerophospholipid annotation and individual glycerophospholipid comparison between tissue types.&lt;/p&gt;
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy (2012)

Abstract This article describes basic approaches to image materials by means of optical microscopy with fluorescence markers. The fluorescence microscopy is used to image materials in which the contrast cannot be achieved by light absorption, scattering, or birefringence. The fluorescence microscopy benefits greatly from a confocal mode of observation that eliminates signal coming from outside the small region of sample that is probed by a tightly focused laser beam. By scanning the focused laser beamthrough the sample, one obtains a 3D map of density of fluorescing molecules staining the sample. This technique is called confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). By using fluorescent markers of anisometric shape and a polarized laser beam, one can produce 3D images of orientationally ordered materials such as liquid crystals. In this technique, called a fluorescent confocal polarizing microscopy (FCPM), the signal depends on the angle between the transition dipole of the dye and the polarization of probing light. Recent advances in the development of fluorescent markers that can be controllably switched between the bright state and the dark state lead to revolutionary development of far‐field optical microscopy with resolution well below the diffraction limit.
Terpenes and Terpenoid Compounds, 14. Synthesis of Oxygenated Derivatives in the Tetramethyllimonene Series. New Odorants of the Wood‐ambergris Type (1985)

Abstract A practical preparation of TM‐α‐terpineol ( 4 ), cis ‐TM‐β‐terpineol ( 6c ), trans ‐TM‐β‐terpineol ( 6t ), TM‐Δ 1,7 ,Δ 8 ‐menthadiene ( 7 ), its spirocyclic epoxide ( 5 ), and TM‐isocryptone ( 8 ) is described (TM = tetramethyl). Some of the new tetramethylated monoterpenes, unlike the simple C 10 ‐monoterpenes, have a woody‐ambergis‐like odour.
The growth and optical properties of Bi12SiO20 single crystals (2002)

Single crystals of Bi12SiO20 were grown from the melt by the Czochralski technique. The critical crystal diameter dc=10 mm and the critical rate of rotation ?c=20 rpm were calculated by equations from the hydrodynamics of a melt. The rate of crystal growth was experimentally obtained to be 5 mm/h. The crystal growth was in the [111] direction. The lattice parameter a=1.0096nm was determined by X-ray powder diffraction. The reflectance spectra were recorded in the wave numbers range 20?5000 cm-1 at different temperatures. For all the recorded spectra the values of the vibrational TO and LO modes were found using the Kramers-Kronig analysis (KKA). Twentyfive TO and LO modes were found at 70 K, and eighteen at 295 K. The obtained results are discussed and compared with published data.
Direct and Indirect Associations Between Diabetes and Intraocular Pressure: The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Diseases Study (2018)

Diabetes or higher long-term hyperglycemia was associated with higher IOP. CCT contributed a small proportion of mediating effect to the total effect of diabetes on IOP. We conclude that high IOP observed in diabetes is mainly due to the direct association of diabetes and IOP, and this finding may have pathophysiologic significance with respect to the risk of glaucoma among persons with diabetes.
Spin-trapping of free radicals by PBN-type β-phosphorylated nitrones in the presence of SDS micelles † (1997)

Three PBN-type β-phosphorylated nitrones, PPN 1, 4-PyOPN 2, and 4-ClPPN 3, have been used to trap two carbon centred free radicals, CH3˙ and CO2˙–, in a water–SDS biphasic system. The location of the traps and their adducts has been found by EPR spectroscopy. 4-PyOPN is found to remain in water, while 4-ClPPN is preferentially sequestered into the micellar structure, and PPN partitioned between the two phases. With the three nitrones, the CO2˙– spin adduct always remains in the bulk aqueous phase. In contrast, the three CH3˙ spin adducts seem to be present in both phases. However, 4-PyOPN-CH3 is essentially located in water, and 4-ClPPN–CH3 in the micelles, while PPN–CH3 is clearly shown to partition between the aqueous environment and the micellar interior. For all these spin adducts, the phosporus hyperfine splitting constant, aP, is found to be a good indicator of aminoxyl behaviour in the presence of micelles. For the various sodium dodecyl sulfate concentrations, the PPN–CH3 affinity for the micellar phase was evaluated from the average aP value.
Design of ultrasonic transmitters with defined frequency characteristics for wireless pressure sensing in injection molding (2005)

This paper describes a new mechanical wireless data transmission technique using ultrasonic waves as the information carrier for on-line injection mold cavity pressure measurement. Ultrasonic transmitters with specific frequency characteristics were designed, modeled, simulated, and prototyped for pressure data retrieval from an enclosed machine environment, as well as for sensor identification in a sensor matrix configuration. The effects of the front layer and bonding layer of the transmitter on the overall sensor frequency characteristics were investigated, using an equivalent circuit model. The optimal layer thickness was determined for the design of transmitters with specific dominant resonant frequency and narrow bandwidth. Experimental results were in good agreement with the analysis, thus confirming the design approach.
Mast Cell-derived Prostaglandin D2 Controls Hyaluronan Synthesis in Human Orbital Fibroblasts via DP1 Activation (2010)

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is a debilitating disorder characterized by the accumulation of adipocytes and hyaluronan (HA). Production of HA by fibroblasts leads to remarkable increases in tissue volume and to the anterior displacement of the eyes. Prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)), mainly produced by mast cells, promotes orbital fibroblast adipogenesis. The mechanism by which PGD(2) influences orbital fibroblasts and their synthesis of HA is poorly understood. We report here that mast cell-derived PGD(2) is a key factor that promotes HA biosynthesis by orbital fibroblasts. Primary orbital fibroblasts from TED patients were isolated and used to test the effects of PGD(2), prostaglandin J(2), as well as prostaglandin D receptor (DP) agonists and antagonists on HA synthesis. The expression of HA synthase (HAS), hyaluronidase, DP1, and DP2 mRNA levels was assessed by PCR. Small interfering RNAs against HAS1 or HAS2 were used to assess the importance of HAS isoforms on HA production. Treatment of human orbital fibroblasts with PGD(2) and PGJ(2) increased HA synthesis and HAS mRNA. HAS2 was the dominant isoform responsible for HA production by PGD(2). The effect of PGD(2) on HA production was mimicked by the selective DP1 agonist BW245C. The DP1 antagonist MK-0524 completely blocked PGD(2)-induced HA synthesis. Human mast cells (HMC-1) produced PGD(2). Co-culture of HMC-1 cells with orbital fibroblasts induced HA production and inhibition of mast cell-derived PGD(2) prevented HA synthesis. Mast cell-derived PGD(2) increased HA production via activation of DP1. Selectively targeting the production of PGD(2) and/or activation of DP1 may prevent pathological changes associated with TED.
A Coupled Momentum Method to Model Blood Flow in Deformable Arteries (2004)

Blood velocity and pressure fields in large arteries are greatly influenced by the deformability of the vessel. However, computational methods for simulating blood flow in three dimensional models of arteries have either considered a rigid wall assumption for the vessel or significantly simplified geometries. Computing blood flow in deformable domains using standard techniques like the ALE method remains an intractable problem for realistic anatomic and physiologic models. We have developed a new method to model blood flow in three dimensional deformable models of arteries. The method couples the equations of the deformation of the vessel wall at the variational level as a boundary condition for the fluid domain, by assuming that for a thin-walled structure the internal traction due to the fluid friction is felt uniformly through the vessel wall. We consider a strong coupling of the degrees of freedom of the fluid and the solid domains, and a linear membrane model (enhanced with through-plane stiffness) for the vessel wall. We have used the generalized-alpha method to integrate the time evolution of the resulting equations for the deformable system. We present here the mathematical formulation of the method and discuss issues related to the fluid-solid coupling, membrane formulation, time integration method, and boundary and initial conditions (including pre-stressing the membrane). Implementation issues will be discussed and initial results with simple geometries will be presented.
Establishing In Situ Closed Circuit Perfusion of Lower Abdominal Organs and Hind Limbs in Mice (2020)

Ex vivo perfusion is an important physiological tool to study the function of isolated organs (e.g. liver, kidneys). At the same time, due to the small size of mouse organs, ex vivo perfusion of bone, bladder, skin, prostate, and reproductive organs is challenging or not feasible. Here, we report for the first time an in situ lower body perfusion circuit in mice that includes the above tissues, but bypasses the main clearance organs (kidney, liver, and spleen). The circuit is established by cannulating the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava above the iliac artery and vein and cauterizing peripheral blood vessels. Perfusion is performed via a peristaltic pump with perfusate flow maintained for up to 2 h. In situ staining with fluorescent lectin and Hoechst solution confirmed that the microvasculature was successfully perfused. This mouse model can be a very useful tool for studying pathological processes as well as mechanisms of drug delivery, migration/metastasis of circulating tumor cells into/from the tumor, and interactions of immune system with perfused organs and tissues.
Cavity Quantum Electrodynamical Metamaterials (2020)

We introduce the concept of designing new optical materials from “meta-atoms” comprised of matter ultra-strongly-coupled to an optical cavity. Such “strongly-coupled” materials can have surprising properties, such as metallic behavior at low frequencies.
Role of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase in Postischemic Recovery of Heart Contractile Function (2006)

Cytochrome P450 epoxygenases metabolize arachidonic acid to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) which are converted to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) by soluble epoxide hydrolase (Ephx2, sEH). To examine the functional role of sEH in the heart, mice with targeted disruption of the Ephx2 gene were studied. Hearts from sEH null mice have undetectable levels of sEH mRNA and protein and cannot convert EETs to DHETs. sEH null mice have normal heart anatomy and basal contractile function, but have higher fatty acid epoxide:diol ratios in plasma and cardiomyocyte cell culture media compared with wild type (WT). sEH null hearts have improved recovery of left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP) and less infarction compared with WT hearts after 20 minutes ischemia. Perfusion with the putative EET receptor antagonist 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (10 to 100 nmol/L) before ischemia abolishes this cardioprotective phenotype. Inhibitor studies demonstrate that perfusion with phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitors wortmannin (200 nmol/L) or LY294002 (5 micromol/L), the ATP-sensitive K+ channel (K(ATP)) inhibitor glibenclamide (1 micromol/L), the mitochondrial K(ATP) (mitoK(ATP)) inhibitor 5-hydroxydecanoate (100 to 200 micromol/L), or the Ca2+-sensitive K+ channel (K(Ca)) inhibitor paxilline (10 micromol/L) abolishes the cardioprotection in sEH null hearts. Consistent with increased activation of the PI3K cascade, sEH null mice exhibit increased cardiac expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) phospho-protein after ischemia. Together, these data suggest that targeted disruption of sEH increases the availability of cardioprotective EETs that work by activating PI3K signaling pathways and K+ channels.
Intraocular pressure reduction with a fixed treatment protocol in the Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (2010)

With a fixed treatment protocol, the IOP reduction achieved depended very strongly on baseline untreated IOP levels. There seemed to be a lower threshold around 15 mmHg, where therapy did not result in any reduction of IOP. Our results suggest that when effects of IOP-lowering treatment are reported, whether expressed in mmHg or as a percentage of untreated pressure levels, the baseline IOP levels should be specified as well.