gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition mechanism of human sterol O-acyltransferase 1 by competitive inhibitor (2020)

Abstract Sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident, multi-transmembrane enzyme that belongs to the membrane-bound O-acyltransferase (MBOAT) family 1 . It catalyzes the esterification of cholesterol to generate cholesteryl esters for cholesterol storage 2 . SOAT1 is a target to treat several human diseases 3 . However, its structure and mechanism remain elusive since its discovery. Here, we report the structure of human SOAT1 (hSOAT1) determined by cryo-EM. hSOAT1 is a tetramer consisted of a dimer of dimer. The structure of hSOAT1 dimer at 3.5 Å resolution reveals that the small molecule inhibitor CI-976 binds inside the catalytic chamber and blocks the accessibility of the active site residues H460, N421 and W420. Our results pave the way for future mechanistic study and rational drug design of SOAT1 and other mammalian MBOAT family members.
Low power/area branch prediction using complementary branch predictors (2008)

Although high branch prediction accuracy is necessary for high performance, it typically comes at the cost of larger predictor tables and/or more complex prediction algorithms. Unfortunately, large predictor tables and complex algorithms require more chip area and have higher power consumption, which precludes their use in embedded processors. As an alternative to large, complex branch predictors, in this paper, we investigate adding complementary branch predictors (CBP) to embedded processors to reduce their power consumption and/or improve their branch prediction accuracy. A CBP differs from a conventional branch predictor in that it focuses only on frequently mispredicted branches while letting the conventional branch predictor predict the more predictable ones. Our results show that adding a small 16-entry (28 byte) CBP reduces the branch misprediction rate of static, bimodal, and gshare branch predictors by an average of 51.0%, 42.5%, and 39.8%, respectively, across 38 SPEC 2000 and MiBench benchmarks. Furthermore, a 256-entry CBP improves the energy-efficiency of the branch predictor and processor up to 97.8% and 23.6%, respectively. Finally, in addition to being very energy-efficient, a CBP can also improve the processor performance and, due to its simplicity, can be easily added to the pipeline of any processor.
Kinetic Study of the Pyrolysis of 1- and 2-Phenylethyl Phenyl N-Tosylsulfilimines (1973)

Abstract The pyrolysis of 1-phenylethyl phenyl N-tosylsulfilimine was found to proceed more than 103 times faster than that of ethyl phenyl derivative. The large rate enhancement suggests that the mechanism changes from an ideal cis-elimination to nearly El type. However, substituent effect, kinetic isotope effect with 1-phenylethyl-2,2,2-d3 phenyl N-tosylsulfilimine and solvent effect clearly reveal that the reaction proceeds via an intramolecular concerted process.
Molecular Orientation and Dynamics in Ferroelectric Diblock Copolymers Monitored by FT-IR Spectroscopy (1998)

In ferroelectric liquid crystalline block copolymers the properties of ferroelectric liquid crystals (LC) are combined with those of diblock copolymers: hence, one observes in these materials a microphase separation between the amorphous polymer (polystyrene [PS]) and the ferroelectric liquid crystal segment. The latter group can be switched by applying an external electric field (<104 V cm-1). FT-IR spectroscopy (time-resolved) was employed to study structure and dynamics in these systems. From analysis of the dichroism of the FT-IR spectra, it was concluded that the components in the PS microphase are oriented randomly while the liquid crystalline groups form an ordered phase. Time-resolved measurements of the switching of the LC block were performed during the application of an external electric field. It may be shown that switching is of an electroclinic type and that the tilt angle and the mesogenic motion increase with temperature, especially if the PS block is heated above Tg. The orientation of the LC block after heating to the isotropic phase is completely restored due to the memory effect of the polymer microstructure.
Human Body Pose Recognition Using Spatio-Temporal Templates (2005)

We present a novel approach to detecting human silhouettes in monocular sequences that achieves very low rates of both false positives and negatives by combining shape and motion information. To this end, we use sequences of moving silhouettes built using motion capture data that we match against short image sequences. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our technique using both indoor and outdoor images of people walking in front of cluttered backgrounds and acquired with a moving camera, which makes techniques such as background subtraction impractical.
Supplementary Figure S9 from Tumor Cell–Autonomous SHP2 Contributes to Immune Suppression in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Representative dot plots for data shown in figure 4B-C and additional exhaustion marker analysis of CD4+ T cells in mice bearing SHP2 manipulated 4T1 metastases.&lt;/p&gt;
Analysis and Compensation of Transmitter and Receiver I/Q Imbalances in Space-Time Coded Multiantenna OFDM Systems (2007)

The combination of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques has been widely considered as the most promising approach for building future wireless transmission systems. The use of multiple antennas poses then big restrictions on the size and cost of individual radio transmitters and receivers, to keep the overall transceiver implementation feasible. This results in various imperfections in the analog radio front ends. One good example is the so-called I/Q imbalance problem related to the amplitude and phase matching of the transceiver I and Q chains. This paper studies the performance of space-time coded (STC) multiantenna OFDM systems under I/Q imbalance, covering both the transmitter and the receiver sides of the link. The challenging case of frequency-selective I/Q imbalances is assumed, being an essential ingredient in future wideband wireless systems. As a practical example, the Alamouti space-time coded OFDM system with two transmit and M receive antennas is examined in detail and a closed-form solution for the resulting signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) at the detector input due to I/Q imbalance is derived. This offers a valuable analytical tool for assessing the I/Q imbalance effects in any STC-OFDM system, without lengthy data or system simulations. In addition, the impact of I/Q imbalances on the channel estimation in the STC-OFDM context is also analyzed analytically. Furthermore, based on the derived signal models, a practical pilot-based I/Q imbalance compensation scheme is also proposed, being able to jointly mitigate the effects of frequency-selective I/Q imbalances as well as channel estimation errors. The performance of the compensator is analyzed using extensive computer simulations, and it is shown to virtually reach the perfectly matched reference system performance with low pilot overhead.
Cover Picture: Solvent Polarity Controls the Helical Conformation of Short Peptides Rich in Cα‐Tetrasubstituted Amino Acids (Chem. Eur. J. 2/2007) (2006)

Like shock absorbers in cars short helical peptides rich in C α ‐tetrasubstituted amino acids change their elongation responding to an external stimulus. In fact, they behave like molecular springs and adjust their conformation according to the polarity of the medium in which they are dissolved. In solvents of high polarity (like water) they shrink, adopting an α‐helix conformation, while in solvents of low polarity (like isopropanol) they elongate, adopting a 3 10 ‐helix conformation. Details of this behavior are to be found in the Full Paper by P. Scrimin, S. Mammi, L. Randaccio, L. Pasquato et al. on page 407 ff.
Bhubaneswin: A New Bicoumarin (1984)

e n i a a l b i f l o r a Reichb.ex MeLssner (Rutaceae).
An FRTP fusion ignition experiment (1982)

The Field-Reversed Theta Pinch (FRTP) represents a promising confinement approach to fusion power. This possibility has become more evident as a result of the favorable confinement scaling predicted by our studies of Loss-Cone Scattering Transport (LCST). Therefore, a step towards a FRTP prototype power reactor is proposed here that involves an ignition experiment designed to study confinement of a fusion grade plasma and the associated technology. In effect, this device would play a role similar to that proposed for the Fusion Energy Device (FED) in the Fusion Energy Act of 1980. However, the cost of the smaller FRTP experiment would be considerably less than the Tokamak-type FED now envisioned.
Optimal Power Control in Green Wireless Sensor Networks With Wireless Energy Harvesting, Wake-Up Radio and Transmission Control (2016)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are autonomous networks of spatially distributed sensor nodes that are capable of wirelessly communicating with each other in a multihop fashion. Among different metrics, network lifetime and utility, and energy consumption in terms of carbon footprint are key parameters that determine the performance of such a network and entail a sophisticated design at different abstraction levels. In this paper, wireless energy harvesting (WEH), wake-up radio (WUR) scheme, and error control coding (ECC) are investigated as enabling solutions to enhance the performance of WSNs while reducing its carbon footprint. Specifically, a utility-lifetime maximization problem incorporating WEH, WUR, and ECC, is formulated and solved using distributed dual subgradient algorithm based on the Lagrange multiplier method. Discussion and verification through simulation results show how the proposed solutions improve network utility, prolong the lifetime, and pave the way for a greener WSN by reducing its carbon footprint.
Role of 3D Printing in the Development of Biodegradable Implants for Central Nervous System Drug Delivery (2022)

Increased life expectancy has led to a rise in age-related disorders including neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Limited progress has been made in the development of clinically translatable therapies for these central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Challenges including the blood-brain barrier, brain complexity, and comorbidities in the elderly population are some of the contributing factors toward lower success rates. Various invasive and noninvasive ways are being employed to deliver small and large molecules across the brain. Biodegradable, implantable drug-delivery systems have gained lot of interest due to advantages such as sustained and targeted delivery, lower side effects, and higher patient compliance. 3D printing is a novel additive manufacturing technique where various materials and printing techniques can be used to fabricate implants with the desired complexity in terms of mechanical properties, shapes, or release profiles. This review discusses an overview of various types of 3D-printing techniques and illustrative examples of the existing literature on 3D-printed systems for CNS drug delivery. Currently, there are various technical and regulatory impediments that need to be addressed for successful translation from the bench to the clinical stage. Overall, 3D printing is a transformative technology with great potential in advancing customizable drug treatment in a high-throughput manner.
Designing Custom Mechanics in Running-Specific Prosthetic Feet via Shape Optimization (2022)

With this framework, researchers can begin to elucidate the link between prosthesis mechanics and athlete biomechanics and performance.
Solving a steady-state PDE using spiking networks and neuromorphic hardware (2020)

The widely parallel, spiking neural networks of neuromorphic processors can enable computationally powerful formulations. While recent interest has focused on primarily machine learning tasks, the space of appropriate applications is wide and continually expanding. Here, we leverage the parallel and event-driven structure to solve a steady state heat equation using a random walk method. The random walk can be executed fully within a spiking neural network using stochastic neuron behavior, and we provide results from both IBM TrueNorth and Intel Loihi implementations. Additionally, we position this algorithm as a potential scalable benchmark for neuromorphic systems.
Fluctuations of correlations and Green’s function reconstruction: Role of scattering (2008)

Correlations of ambient seismic or acoustic vibrations are now widely used to reconstruct the impulse response between two passive receivers as if a source was placed at one of them. This provides the opportunity to do imaging without a source, or passive imaging. Applications include terrestrial and solar seismology, underwater acoustics, and structural health monitoring, to cite only a few. Nevertheless, for a given set of data, correlations do not only yield Green’s function between the sensors. They also contain residual fluctuations that result from an imperfect time or source averaging that might eventually blur the images. In this article, we propose a heuristic model to describe the level of fluctuations of the correlations in the case of nonstationary wavefields, and more particularly in the case of scattering media. The work includes theoretical derivations and numerical simulations. The role of multiple scattering is quantitatively evaluated. The level of fluctuations decreases when the duration and intensity of the diffuse waves increase. The role of absorption is also discussed: absorption is properly retrieved by correlation, but the level of fluctuations is greater, thus degrading Green’s function reconstruction. Discrepancies of our simple model in the case of strong multiple scattering (kℓ*⩽18) are discussed.
Performance comparison between MC-CDMA and DS-CDMA for broadband wireless transmissions (2005)

This article presents a comparison between DS-CDMA and MC-CDMA systems. The objective is to evaluate these two access techniques with similar assumptions (such as bandwidth, radio channel, number of users), and with the same kind of receivers (MRC, sub-optimal and optimal MMSE). A MC-CDMA system can be viewed as a DS-CDMA system that uses complex codes instead of binary ones. Intuitively, we expect to obtain the same level of performance. Using random matrix theory, it is possible to demonstrate that both systems offer the same performance as long as the spreading factor is sufficiently large (SF>16 typically). Simulation results confirm the accuracy of the asymptotic SINR and also that both techniques offer the same performance.
Phase‐Selective Chemistry in Block Copolymer Systems (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Block Copolymers as Useful Nanomaterials Block Copolymers as Lithographic Materials Nanoporous Monoliths Using Block Copolymers Photo-Crosslinkable Nano-Objects Block Copolymers as Nanoreactors Interface-Active Block Copolymers Summary and Outlook References
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of a Fucosylated Glycopeptide of Human Factor IX with a Fucose‐α‐(1 → O)‐serine Linkage. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Novel 18F-Labeled Benzofuran Derivatives with Improved Properties for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging of β-Amyloid Plaques in Alzheimer’s Brains (2011)

In vivo imaging of β-amyloid plaques in the brain may lead to the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and monitoring of the progression and effectiveness of treatment. In the present study, we report on the development of two potential PET probes, [(18)F]FPYBF-2 ([(18)F]10) and [(18)F]FPHBF-2 ([(18)F]21), for imaging of β-amyloid plaques in AD brain. In experiments in vitro, 10 and 21 displayed high affinity for Aβ(1-42) aggregates (K(i) = 2.41 and 3.85 nM, respectively). In biodistribution experiments using normal mice, they displayed high uptake in the brain (7.38 and 8.18% ID/g at 2 min postinjection, respectively), and the radioactivity washed out from the brain rapidly (3.15 and 3.87% ID/g at 60 min postinjection, respectively), which is highly desirable for β-amyloid imaging agents. In vivo, they clearly labeled β-amyloid plaques in Tg2576 mice. Furthermore, the specific labeling of β-amyloid plaques by 10 and 21 was observed in autoradiographs of sections of autopsied AD brain. These new fluorinated benzofuran derivatives are promising PET probes for imaging cerebral β-amyloid plaques.
Managing incontinence: the tip of the iceberg. (1999)

The patients who seek help for urinary incontinence may be only the tip of the iceberg. It has been estimated that perhaps only 10% of patients with urinary incontinence have told their doctors about their embarrassing problem. To make the problem worse, we urologists have not been all that interested in incontinence nor did we have many good tools in our armentarium to treat patients with this condition. For as long as I have been a urologist, taking care of urinary incontinence has not been as glamorous as curing cancer by performing a radical prostatectomy. Most of the pills we have been prescribing for incontinence have significant side effects, and, if a bladder suspension surgery does not work, we often raise our hands and give up.

In this review section I want to share with you how big a problem urinary incontinence really is, how severely it affects your patients, and how you can help. [See also Meeting Review: Mapping the Future for Incontinence Treatment Worldwide, page 145.]
ChemInform Abstract: A Multi‐Centered Electrophile Formed from a Unique Bioactive Cyclic Hydroxamic Acid, 4‐Hydroxy‐7‐methoxy‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3(4H)‐one. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Controlled Text Generation for Data Augmentation in Intelligent\n Artificial Agents (2019)

Data availability is a bottleneck during early stages of development of new\ncapabilities for intelligent artificial agents. We investigate the use of text\ngeneration techniques to augment the training data of a popular commercial\nartificial agent across categories of functionality, with the goal of faster\ndevelopment of new functionality. We explore a variety of encoder-decoder\ngenerative models for synthetic training data generation and propose using\nconditional variational auto-encoders. Our approach requires only direct\noptimization, works well with limited data and significantly outperforms the\nprevious controlled text generation techniques. Further, the generated data are\nused as additional training samples in an extrinsic intent classification task,\nleading to improved performance by up to 5\\% absolute f-score in low-resource\ncases, validating the usefulness of our approach.\n
Web Enabled Telecommunication Service Control Using VoxML (2000)

Techniques for enabling voice access to the World Wide Web have been extensively investigated both within the research community and industry. The voice markup language VoxML1 has been proposed as a markup language enabling the HTML-like description of voice services by describing such services as “dialogues”. By means of some sample services, we show that VoxML would highly benefit from additional language features for call control. We propose a set of tags that allow to access call control from within VoxML dialogues, and describe a prototype system that implements these tags.
Multistage Active Microwave Filters (2016)

Microwave filters are commonly located in the front end of the telecommunication system. This chapter shows that the real frequency method (RFT) can be modified to successfully design active filters. It presents simulation results for two broadband microwave active filters: a low-pass case from 0 to 5??GHz with two transmission zeros and a bandpass case from 3 to 7??GHz with four transmission zeros. The chapter also gives a bandpass active filter from 7.7 to 8.1??GHz with two transmission zeros realized in monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology. The optimization algorithm is used to define polynomial coefficients for an equalizer that minimize a least mean square error function that includes desired target functions with different weight factors. For the active filters of the chapter, the error function consists of the transducer gain, the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), and the group delay.
Sleep and perivascular spaces in the middle‐aged and elderly population (2021)

Sleep has been hypothesised to facilitate waste clearance from the brain. We aimed to determine whether sleep is associated with perivascular spaces on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a potential marker of impaired brain waste clearance, in a population-based cohort of middle-aged and elderly people. In 559 participants (mean [SD] age 62 [6] years, 52% women) from the population-based Rotterdam Study, we measured total sleep time, sleep onset latency, wake after sleep onset and sleep efficiency with actigraphy and polysomnography. Perivascular space load was determined with brain MRI in four regions (centrum semiovale, basal ganglia, hippocampus, and midbrain) via a validated machine learning algorithm using T2-weighted MR images. Associations between sleep characteristics and perivascular space load were analysed with zero-inflated negative binomial regression models adjusted for various confounders. We found that higher actigraphy-estimated sleep efficiency was associated with a higher perivascular space load in the centrum semiovale (odds ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.04-1.16, p = 0.0008). No other actigraphic or polysomnographic sleep characteristics were associated with perivascular space load in other brain regions. We conclude that, contrary to our hypothesis, associations of sleep with perivascular space load in this middle-aged and elderly population remained limited to an association of a high actigraphy-estimated sleep efficiency with a higher perivascular space load in the centrum semiovale.
Norepinephrine Controls Effector T Cell Differentiation through β2-Adrenergic Receptor–Mediated Inhibition of NF-κB and AP-1 in Dendritic Cells (2015)

Despite accumulating evidence indicating that neurotransmitters released by the sympathetic nervous system can modulate the activity of innate immune cells, we still know very little about how norepinephrine impacts signaling pathways in dendritic cells (DC) and the consequence of that in DC-driven T cell differentiation. In this article, we demonstrate that β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) activation in LPS-stimulated DC does not impair their ability to promote T cell proliferation; however, it diminishes IL-12p70 secretion, leading to a shift in the IL-12p70/IL-23 ratio. Although β2AR stimulation in DC induces protein kinase A-dependent cAMP-responsive element-binding protein phosphorylation, the effect of changing the profile of cytokines produced upon LPS challenge occurs in a protein kinase A-independent manner and, rather, is associated with inhibition of the NF-κB and AP-1 signaling pathways. Moreover, as a consequence of the inverted IL-12p70/IL-23 ratio following β2AR stimulation, LPS-stimulated DC promoted the generation of CD4(+) T cells that, upon TCR engagement, produced lower amounts of IFN-γ and higher levels of IL-17. These findings provide new insights into molecular and cellular mechanisms by which β2AR stimulation in murine DC can influence the generation of adaptive immune responses and may explain some aspects of how sympathetic nervous system activity can modulate immune function.