gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsatile Flow Patterns and Wall Shear Stresses in Arch of a Turn-Around Tube With/Without Stenosis (2011)

ABSTRACT The temporal/spatial evolution processes of the flow pattern, velocity distribution, and wall shear stress of pulsatile water flows in the arch of 180o turn-around tubes with/without stenosis were experimentally studied by using the particle image velocimetry (PIV). Three transparent tubes made of glass were used: A tube without stenosis in the arch, a tube with a 25% stenosis at the inner wall of arch, and a tube with a 50% stenosis at the inner wall of arch. Here the percentage of stensis denoted the ratio between the stenosis height to inner diameter of arch in the diametral cross section across mid-arch of the central plane. The flow was provided by a pump which approximately simulated the pulsatile pressure waves of human heart beats. The systole to diastole time period ratio is set at 35%:65%. The Womersley parameter, Dean number, and time-averaged Reynolds number were 14, 2348, and 3500, respectively. In the arch of the turn-around tube without stenosis, no boundary layer separation was found during the systolic phase. The reverse flow and recirculation bubble appeared in the arch only during the diastolic phase. The inner wall of the arch experienced lower wall shear stress during the diastolic phase due to the formation of recirculation bubble and secondary flow. In the arch with stenosis, the boundary layer separated from the inner wall and formed a recirculation bubble downstream the stenosis during the systolic phase. Lower stenosis (25%) did not cause drastic variation of the wall shear stresses. At higher stenosis (50%), however, the wall shear stress around the inner wall downstream the stenosis became extraordinarily low, whereas the wall shear stress around the upstream region of the outer wall of the downstream branch of the tube became anomalously large.
A Novel Nanofluidic Diode Based on an Asymmetric Nanoslit Array for Label-Free Protein Detection (2014)

A novel nanofluidic diode is demonstrated and used as an ultrasensitive and label-free electrical biosensor. The device features a planar glass nanoslit array with a unique tapered profile integrated on silicon. The planar nanoslits taper upward to an approximately 60-nm-wide surface opening and rectify ionic currents that are sensitive to the surface charge surrounding their highly confined tips. Functionalized by specific antibodies, the device is capable of selectively detecting human cardiac troponin T, a cardiac injury biomarker, at femtomolar concentrations. The nanoslit array is self-formed during non-conformal glass deposition, and therefore its fabrication does not require high-resolution advanced lithography.
Yeast-Expressed SARS-CoV Recombinant Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD219-N1) Formulated with Aluminum Hydroxide Induces Protective Immunity and Reduces Immune Enhancement (2020)

We developed a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) subunit recombinant protein vaccine candidate based on a high-yielding, yeast- engineered, receptor-binding domain (RBD219-N1) of the SARS beta-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike (S) protein. When formulated with Alhydrogel®, RBD219-N1 induced high-level neutralizing antibodies against both pseudotyped virus and a clinical (mouse-adapted) isolate of SARS-CoV. Here, we report that mice immunized with RBD219-N1/Alhydrogel® were fully protected from lethal SARS-CoV challenge (0% mortality), compared to ~ 30% mortality in mice when immunized with the SARS S protein formulated with Alhydrogel®, and 100% mortality in negative controls. An RBD219-N1 formulation Alhydrogel® was also superior to the S protein, unadjuvanted RBD, and AddaVax (MF59-like adjuvant)-formulated RBD in inducing specific antibodies and preventing cellular infiltrates in the lungs upon SARS-CoV challenge. Specifically, a formulation with a 1:25 ratio of RBD219-N1 to Alhydrogel® provided high neutralizing antibody titers, 100% protection with non-detectable viral loads with minimal or no eosinophilic pulmonary infiltrates. As a result, this vaccine formulation is under consideration for further development against SARS-CoV and potentially other emerging and re-emerging beta-CoVs such as SARS-CoV-2.
Topcon�s Innovative B210 Receiver Board: Advanced Multi-Engine Platform (AMP�) is a Key to Unparalleled Performance (2018)

The paper is dedicated to the description of Topcon’s innovative B210 receiver board. This board is capable to track open signals of all the available GNSS, but its main specifics is that the board has two independent radio-frequency (RF) front-ends and a single digital section. These specifics create a foundation for achieving unparalleled performance in the areas of RTK positioning and attitude determination. Improved RTK positioning and attitude determination performance are achieved due to a synergy of two technologies developed by Topcon: patent pending AMP™ (Advanced Multi-engine Platform) and VHD™ These two technologies use the advantages that B210 represents, and allow for: ? computing more robust and precise attitude (heading and tilt) with reduced number of unknowns, based on GNSS data only, without constant ambiguity estimation and resolution; ? calculating more robust position, based on RTK-derived solutions obtained with data from two RF front-ends, combined with help of computed attitude. The paper describes the receiver board itself, specifics of patent pending AMP™ and VHD™, and test results that prove the efficiency of the suggested approach.
<title>Ultrasound catheters for circumferential cardiac ablation</title> (1999)

The purpose of this study was to investigate performance characteristics of a catheter-based ultrasound applicator intended for circumferential ablation of cardiac tissue. The catheter design integrates a cylindrical ultrasound transducer within a distendable water filled balloon in order to produce circumferential lesions at sites in the atria (i.e., pulmonary vein ostia), intended for treatment of certain atrial arrhythmias. Biothermal simulations were used to investigate thermal lesion depths corresponding to variations in applied power, duration, balloon diameter, and acoustic efficiency. Prototype applicators of varying frequency (7 - 12 MHz) and balloon diameter were constructed and characterized using measurements of acoustic efficiency and rotational beam plots. In vitro studies were performed in freshly excised beef hearts to characterize the radial penetration, axial length, and angular uniformity of thermal lesions produced by these applicators. Selected applicators were tested in vivo within pulmonary veins, coronary sinus, and atrial appendage of canine and porcine hearts. These preliminary efforts have indicated that circumferential ablation of cardiac tissue using ultrasound balloon catheters is feasible, and devices between 7 - 12 MHz with balloon diameters of 1.5 - 2.0 cm are capable of producing uniform lesions between 1 - 5 mm depth or greater for treatment durations of 120 seconds or less.
ChemInform Abstract: New Materials for Superconducting Electronics: Epitaxial Growth of LaSrGaO4 and PrSrGaO4 Dielectric Thin Films by MOCVD. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
All-fiber higher-order-mode module with anomalous dispersion below 800 nm (2010)

We present an all-silica fiber-based module with anomalous dispersion below 800nm. The fiber module is based on propagation in a higher-order-mode (HOM), and mode conversion is achieved using UV inscribed broadband longperiod gratings. The large normal material dispersion in silica in the near infrared is compensated by anomalous waveguide dispersion of the HOM resulting in a total HOM dispersion of +112.7ps/(nm&bull;km) (&beta;<sub>2</sub> = -0.0355ps<sup>2</sup>/m) at 770nm. The dispersion has been calculated from the preform index profile and measured with a white light interferometer. The operation bandwidth is ~20nm with an insertion loss of ~1.5dB. The multipath interference noise is less than -27dB in the operation bandwidth. Nearly linear pulse propagation can be obtained for pulse energies up to 65pJ at 75fs pulse duration. This power regime is interesting for e.g. medical two-photon fluorescence imaging. The proposed anomalous dispersion module is demonstrated in a 3.6m long femtosecond fiber delivery application to deliver 110fs pulses directly from the output of a Ti:Sapphire femtosecond laser without the need for pre-chirping.
Novel “mucinomics” platform reveals molecular signatures of cancer in cellular systems and ovarian cancer patient ascites fluid (2021)

Mucin domains are densely O‐glycosylated modular protein domains found in a wide variety of cell surface and secreted proteins. When strung together in “tandem repeats”, mucin domains can form the large structures characteristic of mucin family proteins, such as MUC1 and MUC16. These canonical mucins are known to be key players in a host of human diseases, especially cancer. However, several other glycoproteins are known to contain mucin domains, such as: CD43, PSGL‐1, and CD45, and their mucin domains are key to their molecular functions. However, a comprehensive list of mucin‐domain glycoproteins does not exist, and this knowledge is critical in unraveling the role of mucin domains in health and disease. Recently, we characterized a bacterial mucinase, StcE, and used its unique properties to improve analysis of mucin‐domain glycoproteins by mass spectrometry. Given StcE's selectivity for mucins, we reasoned that it could be employed to purify mucins from complex mixtures. Thus, the inactivated point mutant of StcE was conjugated to beads and we demonstrated that we could selectively enrich canonical mucins from HeLa cell lysate. However, we were faced with the issue of how to define a mucin domain. Thus, we developed a “mucin candidate algorithm” in order to calculate which human proteins have a high probability of bearing a mucin domain. With this program in‐hand, we expanded our “mucinomics” platform to several other cell lines and crude ovarian cancer patient ascites fluid. We demonstrated high mucin overlap between ovarian cancer patients, and the enrichment strategy allowed us to detect hundreds of glycopeptides from the mucin proteins. Finally, we used a KRAS dox‐inducible system to show which mucins contribute to molecular bulk at the cell surface. Ultimately, we demonstrate this mucinomics platform can be used in a wide variety of systems to define key molecular signatures of cancer.
Broadband phase shifter using air holes in Substrate Integrated Waveguide (2011)

This paper presents a novel configuration of broadband phase shifter designed with Substrate Integrated Waveguide (SIW) technique. The phase shift mechanism is based on the synthesis of a low dielectric slab in the middle of the SIW using an array of air holes. A simple design technique is proposed where unit cells are simply cascaded, which leads to the summation of their phase shift. The number of holes, their diameter and their spacing can be adjusted in order to obtain the required phase shift, thus giving a very flexible structure. Two different phase shifters, both giving a phase shift of 30° are designed and simulated. Finally, an experimental validation in the Ka band (26.5 to 40 GHz) is presented for both circuits.
Fitness and runtime correlation of compact model complexity (2008)

The development of efficient resist models for optical and process proximity correction (OPC) is a problem of particular importance in microlithography. A resist model is considered efficient if it is fast and accurate and properly accounts for the transfer of latent image patterns into resist shapes. Here we study the runtime-accuracy tradeoff of the Compact Model 1 (CM1) resist model. The model is represented as a linear combination of the aerial image, orthogonal basis functions, and other terms designed to mimic various effects such as acid and base diffusion, slope, maximum and minimum local intensity, etc. Clearly, the greater the number of terms involved the more flexible and accurate the model becomes. On the other hand, adding too many terms to the model substantially increases the OPC runtime and may lead to overfitting. Our goal is to find model forms that are optimal with respect to both runtime and accuracy. This is achieved using a consecutive descent method for multi-objective optimization that seeks so-called Pareto optimal solutions. We found that model forms which include the diffused acid term and orthogonal basis functions almost always represent a reasonable compromise between fitness and performance.
Evolution of neuroinflammation across the lifespan of individuals with Down syndrome (2020)

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that a disease-aggravating neuroinflammatory process is present at preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease. Given that individuals with Down syndrome are at increased genetic risk of Alzheimer's disease and therefore develop the spectrum of Alzheimer's neuropathology in a uniform manner, they constitute an important population to study the evolution of neuroinflammation across the Alzheimer's continuum. Therefore, in this cross-sectional study, we characterized the brain inflammatory profile across the lifespan of individuals with Down syndrome. Microglial morphology and inflammatory cytokine expression were analysed by immunohistochemistry and electrochemiluminescent-based immunoassays in the frontal cortex from foetuses to adults with Down syndrome and control subjects (16 gestational weeks to 64 years), totalling 127 cases. Cytokine expression in mixed foetal primary cultures and hippocampus of adults with Down syndrome, as well as the effects of sex on cytokine expression were also analysed. A higher microglial soma size-to-process length ratio was observed in the frontal cortex of children and young adults with Down syndrome before the development of full-blown Alzheimer's pathology. Moreover, young adults with Down syndrome also displayed increased numbers of rod-like microglia. Increased levels of interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 were observed in children with Down syndrome (1-10 years; Down syndrome n = 5, controls n = 10) and higher levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-1α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interleukin-10, interleukin-15, eotaxin-3, interferon gamma-induced protein 10, macrophage-derived chemokine, and macrophage inflammatory protein-beta, were found in young adults with Down syndrome compared to euploid cases (13-25 years, Down syndrome n = 6, controls n = 24). Increased cytokine expression was also found in the conditioned media of mixed cortical primary cultures from second trimester foetuses with Down syndrome (Down syndrome n = 7, controls n = 7). Older adults with Down syndrome (39-68 years, Down syndrome n = 22, controls n = 16) displayed reduced levels of interleukin-10, interleukin-12p40, interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Microglia displayed larger somas and shorter processes. Moreover, an increase in dystrophic microglia and rod-like microglia aligning to neurons harbouring tau pathology were also observed. Sex stratification analyses revealed that females with Down syndrome had increased interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 levels compared to males with Down syndrome. Finally, multivariate projection methods identified specific cytokine patterns among individuals with Down syndrome. Our findings indicate the presence of an early and evolving neuroinflammatory phenotype across the lifespan in Down syndrome, a knowledge that is relevant for the discovery of stage-specific targets and for the design of possible anti-inflammatory trials against Alzheimer's disease in this population.
Supplementary Table from ASO-Based PKM Splice-Switching Therapy Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth (2023)

Supplementary Table from ASO-Based PKM Splice-Switching Therapy Inhibits Hepatocellular Carcinoma Growth
Vibration Control of a Time-Delayed Rotor-Active Magnetic Bearing System by Time-Varying Stiffness (2022)

Active magnetic bearing (AMB) can actively control the vibration of the rotor, and its control law plays a key role. In this study, the vibration control of a rotor-AMB system with time delay is studied. The nonlinear vibration equation is derived based on the Newton law considering the time-varying stiffness (TVS) control. The method of multiple scales is applied to obtain the approximate solutions in the case of the primary parametric resonance and 1:1 internal resonance. The results show that the vibration amplitude and stable region are both periodic with respect to time delay. Their period is exactly equal to the rotating period of rotor. Additionally, the eccentricity-response curves are constructed to illustrate the vibration control of the time-varying stiffness. The results show that the time-varying stiffness control suppresses the vibration effectively. At the same time, it is also found that the time-varying stiffness control may cause an increase in vibration amplitude or even instability in small range of unbalance eccentricity. The influence of time delay on the time-varying stiffness control is investigated. It is found that the time-varying stiffness controller exhibits different performance depending on the time delay.
Fundamentals of Video Compression: H.263 as an Example (2018)

In this chapter we introduce the video coding standards of the telecommu­ nication standardization sector of the International Telecommunications Union (ITU-T), with the focus on the latest version, H.263. This version is also known as H.263, version 2, or H.263+, as opposed to an earlier version of H.263.
Environmental stress cracking performance of polyether and PDMS‐based polyurethanes in an in vitro oxidation model (2016)

ABSTRACT Environmental stress cracking (ESC) was replicated in vitro on Optim™ (OPT) insulation, a polydimethylsiloxane‐based polyurethane utilized clinically in cardiac leads, using a Zhao‐type oxidation model. OPT performance was compared to that of two industry standard polyether urethanes: Pellethane ® 80A (P80A), and Pellethane ® 55D (P55D). Clinically relevant specimen configurations and strain states were utilized: low‐voltage cardiac lead segments were held in a U‐shape by placing them inside of vials. To study whether aging conditions impacted ESC formation, half of the samples were subjected to a pretreatment in human plasma for 7 days at 37°C; all samples were then aged in oxidative solutions containing 0.9% NaCl, 20% H 2 O 2 , and either 0 or 0.1 M CoCl 2 , with or without glass wool for 72 days at 37°C. Visual and SEM inspection revealed significant surface cracking consistent with ESC on all P80A and P55D samples. Sixteen of twenty P80A and 10/20 P55D samples also exhibited breaches. Seven of 20 OPT samples exhibited shallow surface cracking consistent with ESC. ATR–FTIR confirmed surface changes consistent with oxidation for all materials. The number average molecular weight decreased an average of 31% for OPT, 86% for P80A, and 56% for P55D samples. OPT outperformed P80A and P55D in this Zhao‐type in vitro ESC model. An aging solution of 0.9% NaCl, 20% H 2 O 2 , and 0.1 M CoCl 2 , with glass wool provided the best combination of ESC replication and ease of use. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1544–1558, 2017.
Influence of Parthenogenetic Activation on Nuclear Maturation of Canine Oocytes (2010)

This study was designed to evaluate the nuclear maturation and maturation promoting factor (MPF) level at different maturation times, and the effect of parthenogenetic activation on nuclear maturation in canine oocytes. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in TCM-199 supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, hormones, 0.57 mM cysteine, and 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor for 72 hr at 38.5 degrees C. In Experiment 1, COCs at 0, 24, 48 and 72 hr of culture were assessed for nuclear maturation and MPF levels using histone H1 kinase activity assay. A significantly higher rate of oocytes at 72 hr than 0, 24 and 48 hr of culture developed to metaphase I-anaphase I and metaphase II. Relative abundance of histone H1 kinase activity of oocytes matured for 48 hr increased to ~1.5 x, with a marked increase to approximately 2.5 x for 72 hr, significantly higher than others. In Experiment 2, oocytes matured for 48 hr were parthenogenetically activated with 5 microm ionomycin for 5 min (Group 1) and followed by 10 microg/ml cycloheximide for 3 hr (Group 2), or no treatment (Control). Oocytes were then cultured for 24 hr and assessed for nuclear maturation. A significantly higher rate of oocytes in Group 1 developed to metaphase II than in Group 2 and the control. These results indicated that ionomycin treatment at 48 hr of in vitro maturation had a positive influence on oocyte progression to the metaphase II stage.
Astrea: Accurate Quantum Error-Decoding via Practical Minimum-Weight Perfect-Matching (2023)

Quantum devices suffer from high error rates, which makes them ineffective for running practical applications. Quantum computers can be made fault tolerant using Quantum Error Correction (QEC), which protects quantum information by encoding logical qubits using data qubits and parity qubits. The data qubits collectively store the quantum information and the parity qubits are measured periodically to produce a syndrome, which is decoded by a classical decoder to identify the location and type of errors. To prevent errors from accumulating and causing a logical error, decoders must accurately identify errors in real-time, necessitating the use of hardware solutions because software decoders are slow. Ideally, a real-time decoder must match the performance of the Minimum-Weight Perfect Matching (MWPM) decoder. However, due to the complexity of the underlying Blossom algorithm, state-of-the-art real-time decoders either use lookup tables, which are not scalable, or use approximate decoding, which significantly increases logical error rates.
Continuous soluble Ziegler‐Natta ethylene polymerizations in reactor trains. I. Mathematical modeling (2000)

A detailed mathematical model is developed to describe the dynamics of continuous soluble Ziegler-Natta ethylene polymerizations in reactor trains composed of series of both stirred tank and tubular reactors. The model comprises a detailed description of the reaction mechanism and the mass, energy, and momentum balance equations for each reactor vessel, which are then used to allow the prediction of final polymer properties (average polymer molecular weights, polymer density, melt flow index, etc.) and process performance (polymer productivity, head losses, energy consumption, etc.). Tubular reactors are assumed to behave as ideal plug flow reactors, and the method of characteristics is used to solve the set of algebraic-partial differential equations that describe the process. Plant data are used to validate the model, which is shown to describe very well the operation of actual industrial reactors. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 1574–1590, 2000