gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4209: Targeting GPNMB with 89Zr-CR011 for PET imaging of triple negative breast cancer (2016)

Abstract Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma B (GPNMB) is a transmembrane protein overexpressed in 30 - 40% of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and has shown to be associated with metastasis and disease recurrence. An anti-GPNMB antibody drug conjugate, Glembatumumab Vedotin (CDX-011), is currently in Phase II clinical trials for the treatment of metastatic TNBC patients, with promising outcomes. Positron Emission Tomography using radiolabeled antibodies could be advantageous in stratifying patients who may benefit from CDX-011, tracking the biodistribution of CDX-011, and assessing GPNMB expression in vivo. To this end, we radiolabeled the naked antibody, Glembatumumab (CR011), with the positron-emitting 89Zr (half life = 3.3 days). We characterized the stability, affinity, rate of cellular internalization, and specificity of 89Zr-CR011 using various cell-binding assays in human TNBC cell lines. We determined that 89Zr-CR011 is stable in serum solution for up to 5 days, binds specifically to GPNMB+ TNBC cells with high affinity (KD = 16 nM), and internalizes rapidly (50% within 30 - 60 min). We conducted a biodistribution study from 1 - 12 days post administration via tail vein in GPNMB+ MDA-MB-468 xenografts to determine the time point at which we achieve the optimal tumor-to-nontarget ratios. A subset of mice was administered a blocking dose of unlabeled CR011 (100-fold excess, 1 mg/mouse), where we observed a 2.5-fold reduction in 89Zr-CR011 tumor uptake, confirming the specificity of 89Zr-CR011 for GPNMB+ TNBC tumors. PET imaging studies and dosimetry calculations are currently in progress. This preliminary study demonstrates that 89Zr-CR011 may be an excellent companion diagnostic agent for CDX-011 therapy and an essential tool to assess the function of GPNMB in vivo. Citation Format: Bernadette V. Marquez, Supum Lee, Tibor Keler, Thomas Hawthorne, Jeremy Hoog, Shunqiang Li, Cynthia Ma, Suzanne E. Lapi. Targeting GPNMB with 89Zr-CR011 for PET imaging of triple negative breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4209.
MBE-Grown AlGaN/GaN HEMTs on SiC (2005)

We report on the development of AlGaN/GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown on SiC using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). In this work, we show that performance comparable to state-of-the-art AlGaN/GaN HEMTs can be achieved using MBE-grown material. Buffer leakage was an important limiting factor for these devices. The use of either carbon-doped buffers, or low Al/N ratio in the nucleation layer growth was effective in reducing buffer leakage. Studies varying the thickness and concentration of the carbon doping were carried out to determine the effect of different carbon doping profiles on the insulating and dispersive properties of buffers. On devices without field plates, at 4 GHz an output power density of 12 W/mm was obtained with a power-added efficiency (PAE) of 46% and gain of 14 dB. 15.6 W/mm with PAE of 56% was obtained from these devices after field-plating. Two-tone linearity measurements of these devices were also carried out. At a C/I3 level of 30 dBc, the devices measured had an output power of 1.9 W/mm with a PAE of 53%. The effect of the Al/N ratio in the AlN nucleation layer on buffer leakage was studied. N-rich conditions yielded highly insulating GaN buffers without carbon doping. At 4 GHz, devices without field plates delivered 4.8 W/mm with a PAE of 62%. At a higher drain bias (50 V), 8.1 W/mm with a PAE of 38% was achieved.
Unoxidized Graphene/Alumina Nanocomposite: Fracture- and Wear-Resistance Effects of Graphene on Alumina Matrix (2014)

It is of critical importance to improve toughness, strength, and wear-resistance together for the development of advanced structural materials. Herein, we report on the synthesis of unoxidized graphene/alumina composite materials having enhanced toughness, strength, and wear-resistance by a low-cost and environmentally benign pressure-less-sintering process. The wear resistance of the composites was increased by one order of magnitude even under high normal load condition (25 N) as a result of a tribological effect of graphene along with enhanced fracture toughness (KIC) and flexural strength (σf) of the composites by ~75% (5.60 MPa·m(1/2)) and ~25% (430 MPa), respectively, compared with those of pure Al2O3. Furthermore, we found that only a small fraction of ultra-thin graphene (0.25-0.5 vol%, platelet thickness of 2-5 nm) was enough to reinforce the composite. In contrast to unoxidized graphene, graphene oxide (G-O) and reduced graphene oxide (rG-O) showed little or less enhancement of fracture toughness due to the degraded mechanical strength of rG-O and the structural defects of the G-O composites.
RF MEMS for ubiquitous wireless connectivity. Part I. Fabrication (2004)

The aim of this article to expose the impact and status of the application of RF-MEMS switchable capacitors, varactors and switches in the three elements of this paradigm, namely, handsets, base stations, and satellites. In particular, issues such as system-level motivation/justification for RF MEMS, device requirements, high-volume manufacturing, packaging, and state-of-the-art performance and reliability, are presented.
Well-Dispersed Nanocomposites Using Covalently Modified, Multilayer, 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) and In-Situ “Click” Polymerization (2021)

Despite the excellent mechanical and electrical performance of MXene–polymer nanocomposites, methods for producing these materials on a larger scale are limited by low-yielding, delaminated, MXene suspensions that are typically employed for their synthesis. Moreover, the hydrophilicity of MXenes restricts the production of well-dispersed nanocomposites with many polymer matrices. In this contribution, we address such limitations and report, for the first time, a simple method to covalently modify multilayered Ti3C2Tz MXenes with isocyanates, which enables their successful dispersion within a hydrophobic thiourethane matrix. The efficacy of our covalent modification was determined to yield high levels of surface grafts and suggests quantitative conversion of the oxygen-containing terminations. In situ-polymerized thiourethane “click” matrices were used to demonstrate the utility of this modification for accessing well-dispersed nanocomposites under ambient conditions. The ease of producing modified, multilayered, MXenes at scale and the availability of a wide variety of isocyanates render this method scalable and highly modular. Furthermore, the reported isocyanate treatment was found to be a valuable tool for easily quantifying the concentration of reactive (oxygen-containing) terminations on MXene surfaces.
Design of a generalized priority queue manager for ATM switches (1997)

Meeting quality of service (QoS) requirements for various services in ATM networks has been very challenging to network designers. Various control techniques at either the call or cell level have been proposed. In this paper, we deal with cell transmission scheduling and discarding at the output buffers of an ATM switch. We propose a generalized priority queue manager (GPQM) that uses per-virtual-connection queueing to support multiple QoS requirements and achieve fairness in both cell transmission and discarding. It achieves the ultimate goal of guaranteeing the QoS requirement for each connection. The GPQM adopts the earliest due date (EDD) and self-clocked fair queueing (SCFQ) schemes for scheduling cell transmission and a new self-calibrating pushout (SCP) scheme for discarding cells. The GPQM's performance in cell loss rate and delay is presented. An implementation architecture for the GPQM is also proposed, which is facilitated by a new VLSI chip called the priority content-addressable memory (PCAM) chip.
Prevention of Ocular Scarring Post Glaucoma Filtration Surgery Using the Inflammatory Cell and Platelet Binding Modulator Saratin in a Rabbit Model (2012)

Treatment with a single intraoperative topical application plus two additional postoperative injections significantly prolonged bleb elevation comparable to MMC, but without toxicity; however, topical application alone was ineffective.
Evaluation of conditions of comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography that yield a near-theoretical maximum in peak capacity gain (2015)

The peak capacity gain (Gn) of a GC × GC system is the ratio of the system peak capacity to that of an optimized one-dimensional GC analysis lasting the same time and providing the same detection limit. A near-theoretical maximum in Gn has been experimentally demonstrated in GC × GC-TOF based on a 60 m × 0.25 mm primary column. It was found that Gn was close to 9 compared to the theoretical maximum of about 11 for this system. A six-sigma peak capacity of 4500 was obtained during an 80 min heating ramp from 50 °C to 320 °C. Using peak deconvolution, 2242 individual peaks were determined in a Las Vegas runoff water sample. This is the first definitive experimental demonstration known to us of an order-of-magnitude Gn. The key factors enabling this gain were: relatively sharp (about 20 ms at half height) reinjection pulses into the secondary column, relatively long (60 m) primary column, the same diameters in primary and secondary columns, relatively low retention factor at the end of the secondary analysis (k ≅ 5 instead of 15, optimal for ideal conditions), optimum flow rate in both columns, and helium (rather than hydrogen) used as the carrier gas. The latter, while making the analysis 65% longer than if using H2, was a better match to the reinjection bandwidth and cycle time.
New Molecular Precursors from the Reaction of Hydrazine and Aluminum Alkoxide for the Synthesis of Powders in the Al−O−N System (1997)

A novel low-temperature sol−gel-based process has been developed for the synthesis of amorphous and crystalline powders in the Al−O−N system. The process involves reacting aluminum tri-sec−butoxide with anhydrous hydrazine using a solvent mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and chloroform (at ≈60 °C) to result in solid precursors. The as-prepared precursors have been pyrolyzed in nitrogen and in anhydrous ammonia to yield amorphous and crystalline oxynitride or nitride powders. The powders have been characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) spectroscopy techniques. Results of the structural spectroscopic analyses conducted on the pyrolyzed powders obtained at 800 °C indicate the formation of an amorphous or nanocrystalline aluminum oxynitride containing Al bonded to O in buta-, penta-, and hexacoordination. Evidence is also presented suggesting the influence of hydrazine in facilitating replacement of the butoxy groups during heat treatment and creating molecular species containing Al−N linkages in the solid precursor. Continued heat treatment of these precursors in NH3 at 1300 °C leads to the formation of crystalline AlN. The role of hydrazine in the formation of the nitride was also verified by conducting the reaction using controlled amounts of deionized (DI) water. The addition of water competes with the nitridation ability of hydrazine leading to the formation of either oxides or oxynitrides of aluminum. The approaches thus developed demonstrate the potential and flexibility of alkoxides for synthesizing precursors that lead to either single phase of AlN or molecularly mixed composites of Al2O3, AlON, and AlN, in the Al−O−N system.
High ALDH Activity Identifies Chemotherapy-Resistant Ewing's Sarcoma Stem Cells That Retain Sensitivity to EWS-FLI1 Inhibition (2010)

Ewing's sarcoma contains an ALDH(high) stem-like population of chemotherapy-resistant cells that retain sensitivity to EWS-FLI1 inhibition. Inhibiting the EWS-FLI1 oncoprotein may prove to be an effective means of improving patient outcomes by targeting Ewing's sarcoma stem cells that survive standard chemotherapy.
Blind Source Separation With Parameter-Free Adaptive Step-Size Method for Robot Audition (2009)

This paper proposes an adaptive step-size method for blind source separation (BSS) suitable for robot audition systems. The design of the step-size parameter is a critical consideration when we apply BSS to real-world applications such as robot audition systems, because the surrounding environment dynamically changes in the real world. It is common to use a fixed step-size parameter that was obtained empirically. However, because of environmental changes and noise, the performance of BSS with a fixed step-size parameter deteriorates and the separation matrix sometimes diverges. Several adaptive step-size methods for BSS have been proposed. However, there are difficulties when applying them to robot audition systems for example, low-computational cost requirements, being free from manual parameter adjustment and so on. We propose an adaptive step-size method suitable for robot audition systems. The proposed method has the following merits: 1) low computational cost; 2) no parameters to be adjusted manually; and 3) no additional preprocessing requirements. We applied our method to six different BSS algorithms for an eight-channel microphone array embedded in Honda's ASIMO robot. The method improved the performance of all six algorithms in experiments on separation and recognition of simultaneous speech. Moreover, the method increased the amount of calculation by less than 10% compared with the original calculation used in most BSS algorithms.
Quantitative Analysis of Norepinephrine Transporter in the Human Brain Using PET with (2008)

(S,S)-18F-FMeNER-D2 was recently developed as a radioligand for the measurement of norepinephrine transporter imaging with PET. In this study, a norepinephrine transporter was visualizedinthehumanbrainusingthisradioligandwithPETandquantified by several methods. Methods: PET scans were performed on 10 healthy men after intravenous injection of (S,S)- 18 FFMeNER-D2. Binding potential relative to nondisplaceable binding (BPND) was quantified by the indirect kinetic, simplified reference-tissue model (SRTM), multilinear reference-tissue model (MRTM), and ratio methods. The indirect kinetic method was used as the gold standard and was compared with the SRTM method with scan times of 240 and 180 min, the MRTM method with a scan time of 240 min, and the ratio method with a time integration interval of 120‐180 min. The caudate was used as reference brain region. Results: Regional radioactivity was highest in the thalamus and lowest in the caudate during PET scanning. BPND values by the indirect kinetic method were 0.54 60.19and0.35 60.25inthethalamusandlocuscoeruleus, respectively. BPND values found by the SRTM, MRTM, and ratio methods agreed with the values demonstrated by the indirect kinetic method (r 5 0.81‐0.92). Conclusion: The regional distribution of (S,S)- 18 F-FMeNER-D2 in our study agreed with that demonstrated by previous PET and postmortem studies of norepinephrine transporter in the human brain. The ratio method with a time integration interval of 120‐180 min will be useful for clinical researchofpsychiatric disorders forestimation ofnorepinephrine transporter occupancy by antidepressants without requiring arterial blood sampling and dynamic PET.
Stimulated triplet–triplet fusion by carrier trap-detrap mechanism in organic light-emitting diodes (2022)

Triplet–triplet fusion (TTF) has been an efficiency-enhancing mechanism in fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) caused by the collision of two triplet excitons. However, achieving a high TTF ratio in fluorescent OLEDs has been difficult despite device strategies to maximize the triplet exciton density within a narrow recombination zone near the electron blocking layer (EBL) due to charge imbalance and hole accumulation between the TTF type emitter and EBL. Based on a trap-detrap mechanism, we were able to realize an improved TTF ratio and reduce hole accumulation by adding a TTF-assisting material (TTF-AM) in the TTF emitter. The TTF-AM served as the hole transport channel, triggering hole trap and detrap while improving the hole transport character of the emitting layer. Through the process of hole detrapping, the improved hole transport properties balanced carriers and generated more triplet excitons in order to activate the TTF mechanism from low to high current density ranges. By adjusting the TTF-AM, the TTF ratio of the anthracene-based emitter was increased from 5.5/20.1% to 13.4/25.5% (low/high current density), thereby resulting in more than doubled external quantum efficiency at low current density.
Viscoelastic Properties of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2005)

In this study, we investigated the viscoelasticity of individual bone marrow-derived adult human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), and the role of specific cytoskeletal component-F-actin microfilaments on the mechanical properties of individual hMSCs. The mechanical properties of hMSCs were determined using the micropipette aspiration technique coupled with a viscoelastic solid model of the cell. For the hMSCs under control conditions the instantaneous Young's modulus E<sub>0</sub> was found to be 886plusmn289(Pa), the equilibrium Young's modulus E<sub>infin</sub> 372plusmn125(Pa), and the apparent viscosity mu 2714plusmn1626(Pamiddots). After exposed to 2muM of chemical agent-cytochalasin D that disrupt the F-actin microfilaments, the Young's moduli of hMSCs decreased by up to 72% and the apparent viscosity increased by 167%. These findings suggest that microfilaments are crucial in providing the viscoelastic properties of the hMSCs, and changes in the structure and properties of them may influence the mechanical properties of hMSCs significantly.
2,4-Dinitrobenzeneseleninic Acid (2001)

[65252-77-9] C6H4N2O6Se (MW 279.07) InChI = 1S/C6H4N2O6Se/c9-7(10)4-1-2-6(15(13)14)5(3-4)8(11)12/h1-3H,(H,13,14) InChIKey = XCLQURSOCSLHEK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (catalyst with hydrogen peroxide for the epoxidation of alkenes1, 2 and the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation of aromatic aldehydes and ketones3) Physical Data: mp 140–143 °C (dec). Solubility: slightly sol water; sol dioxane, ethyl acetate. Preparative Methods: obtained from the oxidation of bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) diselenide with 85% Hydrogen Peroxide4 or fuming Nitric Acid.5 Bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) diselenide is prepared from the reaction of Lithium Diselenide with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene6 or from the base hydrolysis of 2,4-dinitrophenyl selenocyanate.5 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: both 2,4-dinitrobenzeneseleninic acid and bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) diselenide are stable indefinitely at rt. Selenium compounds are potentially toxic and should be handled in a fume hood.
The Pressure Signature of High Reynolds Number Smooth Wall Turbulent Boundary Layers in Pressure Gradient Family (2020)

A comprehensive study of boundary layer growth and fluctuating wall pressure in high Reynolds number smooth wall turbulent boundary layers subjected to a family of continuously varying adverse and favorable pressure gradient flow cases is explored. Strong evidence is found that wall shear stress and integral boundary layer parameters are impacted by upstream flow history and integrated pressure gradient effects. It is observed that the non-dimensional boundary layer thickness (in wall units) grows independently of the pressure gradient, suggesting a balance between the pressure gradient effects on the large and small turbulent length scales. Distinct, independent behavior is observed in the high, low, and mid frequency regions of the wall pressure spectra, suggesting a two-layer or three-layer model. Consistent with this observation, it is found that existing empirical spectral models fail to predict across the family of flow cases. The high frequency pressure spectra collapse on inner variables, but the low frequency shows more complex dependence on pressure gradient effects.
Effects of Cathode Inlet Relative Humidity on PEMFC Durability during Startup–Shutdown Cycling (2010)

This paper uses a variety of physicochemical methods to elucidate the mechanism by which cathode inlet relative humidity (RH) degrades a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) during startup–shutdown cycling. The results revealed that the pronounced Pt coarsening (agglomeration)/oxidation/dissolution (detachment) and migration were observed along with corrosion of the carbon support at the majority of cathode catalyst layers when PEMFCs were exposed to a higher cathode inlet RH during 1500 startup–shutdown cycles. These changes contributed to the significant loss of Pt mass available for electrochemical reactions and an active Pt surface area at the cathode, thus decaying the performance of the fuel cell. In addition, the rate of these multiple processes was RH-dependent. However, the degradation at the anode and membrane was not as severe as those observed at the cathode and did not show any dependence on the cathode inlet RH. Based on these results, a modified mechanism for the degradation of the cathode catalyst layer during startup–shutdown cycling of PEMFCs is proposed to explain the effects of RH on fuel cell performance and durability.
An additional &#x201C;Depth&#x201D; of reverberation helps content stand out: Media content emphasis using audio reverberation effect (2013)

The audio reverberation effect adds in a perceptual depth dimension to media content and can be intelligently applied to emphasis the target media segments. A quantitative model of this emphasis effects is derived from subjective evaluation experiments.
Controlling the Polymer Microstructure in Anionic Polymerization by Compartmentalization (2017)

An ideal random anionic copolymerization is forced to produce gradient structures by physical separation of two monomers in emulsion compartments. One monomer (M) is preferably soluble in the droplets, while the other one (D) prefers the continuous phase of a DMSO-in-cyclohexane emulsion. The living anionic copolymerization of two activated aziridines is thus confined to the DMSO compartments as polymerization occurs selectively in the droplets. Dilution of the continuous phase adjusts the local concentration of monomer D in the droplets and thus the gradient of the resulting copolymer. The copolymerizations in emulsion are monitored by real-time <sup>1</sup> H NMR kinetics, proving a change of the reactivity ratios of the two monomers upon dilution of the continuous phase from ideal random to adjustable gradients by simple dilution.
Nadh: Ubiquinone oxidoreductase in obligate aerobic yeasts (1994)

The strictly aerobic yeasts Candida pinus, Cryptococcus albidus, Rhodotorula minuta, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and Trichosporon beigelii possess mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenases with significant features of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I). These species show in all growth phases and under standard cultivation conditions, NADH dehydrogenases of approximately 700 kDa, which are sensitive to rotenone, a specific inhibitor of this complex. Identical results were obtained with the weakly fermenting C. pinus. The facultatively fermenting yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces marxianus do not possess the 700 kDa-complex and are insensitive to rotenone. In S. cerevisiae, a rotenone-insensitive NADH dehydrogenase of about 500-600 kDa is detected only in stationary phase cells. As in Neurospora crassa, upon incubation of the obligately aerobic yeast R. mucilaginosa with chloramphenicol, an intermediate NADH dehydrogenase of approximately 350 kDa was formed, which was insensitive to rotenone.