gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pyrolytic Reprocessing of Scrap Tires Into Value-Added Products (2023)

Scrap tires present formidable disposal problems. The same properties that make them desirable as tires, notably their durability, also make their disposal and reprocessing difficult. Tires are well known to be virtually immune to biological degradation. Landfilling of the 280 million tires that are generated each year in the United States is becoming an unacceptable solution [1]. In addition to the continuous flow of waste tires, approximately 2–3 billion tires are already stored in piles through the United States; illegal dumping is also becoming a serious problem. The tires take up large amounts of valuable landfill space, provide breeding sites for mosquitoes and rodents, and present fire and health hazards. Recently, a large mountain of tires caught on fire in Canada, with widespread environmental consequences resulting from the oils and gases generated from the decomposing rubber. Such fires are difficult to contain because of the high flammability of tire material and because of the pockets of air present in the piles. One fire in Huntington, Virginia, burned for 9 months.
Generation of coherent phonons by coherent extreme ultraviolet radiation in a transient grating experiment (2018)

We investigate the excitation of coherent acoustic and optical phonons by ultrashort extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses produced by a free electron laser. Two crossed femtosecond EUV (wavelength 12.7 nm) pulses are used to excite coherent phonons at a wavelength of 280 nm, which are detected via diffraction of an optical probe beam. Longitudinal and surface acoustic waves are measured in BK-7 glass, diamond, and Bi4Ge3O12; in the latter material, the excitation of a coherent optical phonon mode is also observed. We discuss probing different acoustic modes in reflection and transmission geometries and frequency mixing of surface and bulk acoustic waves in the signal. The use of extreme ultraviolet radiation will allow the creation of tunable GHz to THz acoustic sources in any material without the need to fabricate transducer structures.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐Benzodithiolium Ion Mediated Annulations. (1983)

Abstract Durch Behandeln mit Toluolsulfonsäure in Acetonitril erhält man aus den Ketendithioacetal‐Derivaten (I) die Cyclisierungsprodukte (II), deren Hydrolyse zu l‐Tetralonen (III) führt.
Recording Human Evoked Potentials That Follow the Pitch Contour of a Natural Vowel (2005)

We investigated whether pitch-synchronous neural activity could be recorded in humans, with a natural vowel and a vowel in which the fundamental frequency was suppressed. Small variations of speech periodicity were detected in the evoked responses using a fine structure spectrograph (FSS). A significant response (P < 0.001) was measured in all seven normal subjects even when the fundamental frequency was suppressed, and it very accurately tracked the acoustic pitch contour (normalized mean absolute error < 0.57%). Small variations in speech periodicity, which humans can detect, are therefore available to the perceptual system as pitch-synchronous neural firing. These findings suggest that the measurement of pitch-evoked responses may be a viable tool for objective speech audiometry.
Vitamines et minéraux, micronutriments essentiels (2017)

Les vitamines et minéraux sont des micronutriments essentiels de notre alimentation car, apportés en faibles quantités (de l’ordre du milligramme ou microgramme). Ils sont nécessaires à la croissance et au bon fonctionnement de notre organisme qui n’a pas la capacité de les synthétiser en quantité suffisante. Les besoins en vitamines sont normalement couverts par une alimentation variée. Dans les pays développés, deux vitamines nécessitent une supplémentation : la vitamine D, chez le jeune enfant ou la personne âgée peu exposée au soleil, et la vitamine B9 (folates) chez la femme enceinte.
A novel murine model for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy points to a pathogenic role of Wnt signalling and miRNA dysregulation (2018)

Down-regulation of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signalling might be considered a common key event in the AC pathogenesis. We identified the miRNA signature in AC hearts, with miR-708-5p and miR-217-5p being the most up-regulated and miR-499-5p the most down-regulated miRNAs. All of them were predicted to be involved in the regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and might reveal the potential pathophysiology mechanisms of AC, as well as be useful as therapeutic targets for the disease.
Method of verification for numerical wave tank force (1999)

This paper presents a method of verification of the diffraction force simulated in a NWT. A method called ULSM/L+Q was recently developed and verified against the measured force due to the laboratory storm seas in MARINTEK wave tank. It can predict the force given the free incident wave elevation time series at the center of the structure and the geometry of the structure with the water depth. The ULSM prediction uses the incident wave time series simulated in a NWT and the result is compared with the NWT force. Its prediction agrees with the force due to the Stokes 5 th -order-like laboratory wave of MARINTEK. ULSM agrees with the force of a column tested at TAMU wave tank, which has the same column dimensions as that in the above NWT. The ULSM prediction found that NWT force agreed well overall.
A perspective on stage dynamics and control (2008)

In the semiconductor industry, a wafer stepper is used to expose the pattern on a mask (‘reticle’)\nonto a wafer. Accurate positioning of the reticle and the wafer is of crucial importance for creating a working IC. This paper reflects on the stage dynamics and control design in Stepper technology, introduces the modifications needed to successfully implement Scanner technology, and shows the further improvements in dualstage TWINSCAN systems.
Novel Inhibitor of Plasmodium Histone Deacetylase That Cures P. berghei- Infected Mice (2009)

Histone deacetylases (HDAC) are potential targets for the development of new antimalarial drugs. The growth of Plasmodium falciparum and other apicomplexans can be suppressed in the presence of potent HDAC inhibitors in vitro and in vivo; however, in vivo parasite suppression is generally incomplete or reversible after the discontinuation of drug treatment. Furthermore, most established HDAC inhibitors concurrently show broad toxicities against parasites and human cells and high drug concentrations are required for effective antimalarial activity. Here, we report on HDAC inhibitors that are potent against P. falciparum at subnanomolar concentrations and that have high selectivities; the lead compounds have mean 50% inhibitory concentrations for the killing of the malaria parasite up to 950 times lower than those for the killing of mammalian cells. These potential drugs improved survival and completely and irreversibly suppressed parasitemia in P. berghei-infected mice.
Synthesis and characterization of a novel 99mTc analogue of *I-mIBG showing affinity for nor-epinephrine transport positive tumors (2016)

<sup>123</sup>I/<sup>131</sup>I labeled <italic>meta</italic>-iodobenzylguanidine (<italic>m</italic>IBG) is a radiopharmaceutical used for diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) related to neural crest origin. Present work evaluates a newly synthesized <sup>99m</sup>Tc analogue of this radioiodinated derivative.
An evolutionary path towards UMTS (2002)

An evolutionary time-division multiple-access scheme is presented, that combines GSM compatibility with high performance and UMTS capabilities. In this evolutionary path higher-order modulation schemes and assignment of multiple carriers to a user enable bit rates up to 2 Mbit per second. GSM already employs spread-spectrum techniques through the use of slow frequency hopping. This spread-spectrum technique provides frequency diversity as well as interference diversity through the interleaving and coding: if a single burst is erased by bad channel conditions, good reception of the other bursts enable the channel coding to recover the data without errors. The addition of multi-carrier modes provides an improved spread-spectrum capability in combination with frequency hopping, as different carriers may fade differently, depending on the coherence bandwidth of the channel and the separation of the carriers. Thus, a large frequency separation of the carriers provides good decoded performance for large coherence bandwidths.
Nanoparticles in nematic liquid crystals: Interactions with nanochannels (2007)

A mesoscale theory for the tensor order parameter Q is used to investigate the structures that arise when spherical nanoparticles are suspended in confined nematic liquid crystals (NLCs). The NLC is "sandwiched" between a wall and a small channel. The potential of mean force is determined between particles and the bottom of the channels or between several particles. Our results suggest that strong NLC-mediated interactions between the particles and the sidewalls of the channels, on the order of hundreds of k(B)T, arise when the colloids are inside the channels. The magnitude of the channel-particle interactions is dictated by a combination of two factors, namely, the type of defect structures that develop when a nanoparticle is inside a channel, and the degree of ordering of the nematic in the region between the colloid and the nanochannel. The channel-particle interactions become stronger as the nanoparticle diameter becomes commensurate with the nanochannel width. Nanochannel geometry also affects the channel-particle interactions. Among the different geometries considered, a cylindrical channel seems to provide the strongest interactions. Our calculations suggest that small variations in geometry, such as removing the sharp edges of the channels, can lead to important reductions in channel-particle interactions. Our calculations for systems of several nanoparticles indicate that linear arrays of colloids with Saturn ring defects, which for some physical conditions are not stable in a bulk system, can be stabilized inside the nanochannels. These results suggest that nanochannels and NLCs could be used to direct the assembly of nanoparticles into ordered arrays with unusual morphologies.
Method for recording color images and laser direct imaging signals of object, involves generating colored images, where common complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor has multiple sensor elements (2009)

NOVELTY - The method involves generating colored images, where a common complementary metal-oxide semiconductor sensor (7) has multiple sensor elements. A light with different wavelengths is supplied separately for recording color images. A radiation with another wavelength is supplied separately from the light with the wave length for recording a Laser direct imaging signals of the sensor elements.
Flammability properties of intumescent PLA including starch and lignin (2008)

Abstract The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of different intumescent formulations to flame retard polylactic acid (PLA). First, the ammonium polyphosphate (APP)/pentaerythritol (PER) system is chosen because it previously demonstrated a good behavior for polyethylenic matrices. The PER is then substituted by bioresources such as lignin and starch. The flame retardant properties of the various formulations are evaluated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL‐94, and cone calorimetry. Compared to the PLA/APP/PER composite, the materials containing lignin and starch show lower LOI values but still commercially acceptable (superior to 32%). In contrast, the UL ratings obtained for these formulations are superior to that containing PER (V0 against V2 rating). The cone calorimeter analysis confirms the formation of an intumescent structure for the “green” composites, with a final residue corresponding to 50% of the initial sample mass and also a decrease in the peak of heat release of 50%. Finally, the composition of the formulation is optimized following a mixture design methodology to maximize the quantity of bioresources. A 32% LOI value is obtained for a composite containing 60% PLA, 12% APP, and 28% starch. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Interplay of Metal Node and Amine Functionality in NH2-MIL-53: Modulating Breathing Behavior through Intra-framework Interactions (2012)

A series of amino-functionalized MIL-53 with different metals as nodes has been synthesized. By determining adsorption properties and spectroscopic characterization, we unequivocally show that the interaction between the amines of the organic linker and bridging μ(2)-OH of the inorganic scaffold modulates metal organic framework (MOF) flexibility. The strength of the interaction has been found to correlate with the electropositivity of the metal.
Validation of model-based pelvis bone segmentation from MR images for PET/MR attenuation correction (2012)

With the recent introduction of combined Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) / Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems, the generation of attenuation maps for PET based on MR images gained substantial attention. One approach for this problem is the segmentation of structures on the MR images with subsequent filling of the segments with respective attenuation values. Structures of particular interest for the segmentation are the pelvis bones, since those are among the most heavily absorbing structures for many applications, and they can serve at the same time as valuable landmarks for further structure identification. In this work the model-based segmentation of the pelvis bones on gradient-echo MR images is investigated. A processing chain for the detection and segmentation of the pelvic bones is introduced, and the results are evaluated using CT-generated "ground truth" data. The results indicate that a model based segmentation of the pelvis bone is feasible with moderate requirements to the pre- and postprocessing steps of the segmentation.
Origin of the different transport properties of electron and hole polarons in an ambipolar polyselenophene-based conjugated polymer (2011)

Understanding the mechanisms limiting ambipolar transport in conjugated polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) is of both fundamental and practical interest. Here, we present a systematic study comparing hole and electron charge transport in an ambipolar conjugated polymer, semicrystalline poly(3,3${}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}$-di-$n$-decylterselenophene) (PSSS). Starting from a detailed analysis of the device characteristics and temperature/charge-density dependence of the mobility, we interpret the difference between hole and electron transport through both the Vissenberg-Matters and the mobility-edge model. To obtain microscopic insight into the quantum mechanical wave function of the charges at a molecular level, we combine charge modulation spectroscopy (CMS) measuring the charge-induced absorption signatures from positive and negative polarons in these ambipolar FETs with corresponding density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We observe a significantly higher switch-on voltage for electrons than for holes due to deep electron trap states, but also a higher activation energy of the mobility for mobile electrons. The CMS spectra reveal that the electrons that remain mobile and contribute to the FET current have a wave function that is more localized onto a single polymer chain than that of holes, which is extended over several polymer chains. We interpret this as evidence that the transport properties of the mobile electrons in PSSS are still affected by the presence of deep electron traps. The more localized electron state could be due to the mobile electrons interacting with shallow trap states in the vicinity of a chemical, potentially water-related, impurity that might precede the capture of the electron into a deeply trapped state.
Estimation of Uplink WCDMA Load in a Single RBS (2007)

The measurement of uplink load is important for the scheduling of enhanced uplink channels in WCDMA systems. This measurement is particularly difficult since the thermal noise power floor is unobservable when using power measurements in a single base station. The problem is due to the neighbor cell interference. The paper proposes a work around, using a novel algorithm for soft Bayesian estimation of a conditional probability distribution of the minimum of filtered power samples, this minimum approximating the thermal noise power floor of the digital receiver. The load can then be estimated from the total wideband power of the cell and the estimated minimum. The discretized conditional pdf is one-dimensional - hence the algorithm has a low complexity. Details of the implementation are described in the paper, together with measured results.
128 GSa/s SiGe Analog Multiplexer Enabling PDM-DSCM-PCS-256QAM Transmission over 80 km SSMF (2022)

We report on a SiGe analog multiplexer operating at 128-GSa/s, supporting generation of 63.36-GHz-broad DSCM-PCS-256QAM signal. We successfully achieve net information rate normalized per electrical lane of 2.85-bit/sym/lane back-to-back and 2.81-bit/sym/lane after transmission over 80-km SSMF in a coherent system.
Unsupervised Embedding Learning by Noisy Similarity Label Optimization (2020)

We propose a similarity label optimization framework for unsupervised embedding learning. Existing works use similarity labels obtained from instance labels, which are image identifiers, for unsupervised embedding learning assuming that images of different instance labels have different semantic classes. However, because of the significant semantic gap between classes and instances, instance labels are not enough for learning embeddings. To alleviate this problem, we consider the similarity labels as noisy labels and optimize similarity labels and neural network parameters in an alternating fashion. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms a baseline method by 1.2% in terms of accuracy on the CIFAR-10 dataset and in 1.3% in terms of recall at k (k = 1) on the Stanford Online Product dataset.
In vivo quantification of murine aortic cyclic strain, motion, and curvature: Implications for abdominal aortic aneurysm growth (2010)

The methods presented provide temporally and spatially resolved data quantifying murine aortic motion and curvature in vivo. This noninvasive methodology will allow serial quantification of how these parameters influence the location and direction of AAA growth.
Bus Current Feedback for Motor Control (2000)

Abstract : Many algorithms using nonlinear control ideas have been applied to the induction motor control problem to allow the user to control the torque, speed, or position response of a closed loop servo quite precisely. For many applications, the incremental improvement in transient torque, speed, or position response does not justify the additional computational requirements or a complicated tuning and commissioning process. A better solution would be to improve the utility of existing algorithms that may normally exhibit lower performance, but that can be extended easily. One such extension involves the use of the DC link current as a control variable in various motor control algorithms. This work examined the use of such a variable as an enhancement for scalar and vector control algorithms for the induction motor and discussed the effects of such a control on the operation of an electric vehicle.
SBS Suppression in Nanosecond Fiber Amplifier with Controlled Frequency Chirp (2015)

We observe a nearly 9-fold increase in the SBS threshold for a pulsed Yb fiber amplifier by applying a linear frequency-chirp to the input seed pulse. The chirp is achieved by pulse driving a phase modulator. SBS threshold data and transient SBS gain for various degrees of chirp are reported.
Spectral prediction model for piles of nonscattering sheets (2008)

The present paper investigates the reflection and transmission properties of piles of nonscattering sheets. Using a spectral prediction model, we perform a detailed analysis of the spectral and color variations induced by variations of the number of superposed sheets, the absorbance of the sheet material, the refractive index of the medium between the sheets, and the reflectance of the background. The spectral prediction model accounts for the multiple reflections and transmissions of light between the interfaces bounding the layers. We describe in detail the procedure for deducing model parameters from measured data. Tests performed with nonscattering plastic sheets demonstrate the excellent accuracy of the predictions. A large set of predicted spectra illustrate the different evolutions of reflected and transmitted spectra as well as the corresponding colors for various types of piles.
In vivo cation exchange in quantum dots for tumor-specific imaging (2017)

In vivo tumor imaging with nanoprobes suffers from poor tumor specificity. Here, we introduce a nanosystem, which allows selective background quenching to gain exceptionally tumor-specific signals. The system uses near-infrared quantum dots and a membrane-impermeable etchant, which serves as a cation donor. The etchant rapidly quenches the quantum dots through cation exchange (ionic etching), and facilitates renal clearance of metal ions released from the quantum dots. The quantum dots are intravenously delivered into orthotopic breast and pancreas tumors in mice by using the tumor-penetrating iRGD peptide. Subsequent etching quenches excess quantum dots, leaving a highly tumor-specific signal provided by the intact quantum dots remaining in the extravascular tumor cells and fibroblasts. No toxicity is noted. The system also facilitates the detection of peritoneal tumors with high specificity upon intraperitoneal tumor targeting and selective etching of excess untargeted quantum dots. In vivo cation exchange may be a promising strategy to enhance specificity of tumor imaging.The imaging of tumors in vivo using nanoprobes has been challenging due to the lack of sufficient tumor specificity. Here, the authors develop a tumor-specific quantum dot system that permits in vivo cation exchange to achieve selective background quenching and high tumor-specific imaging.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Mature Cytotoxic CD56<sup>bright</sup>/CD16<i><sup>+</sup></i> Natural Killer Cells Can Infiltrate Lymph Nodes Adjacent to Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 339K, Phenotype of M-LN NK cells in function of the disease stage.&lt;/p&gt;
The Practical Handbook of Internet Computing (2004)

The Practical Handbook of Internet Computing analyzes a broad array of technologies and concerns related to the Internet, including corporate intranets. Fresh and insightful articles by recognized experts address the key challenges facing Internet users, designers, integrators, and policymakers. In addition to discussing major applications, it also
H-Infinity Loop-Shaped Model Predictive Control with Heat Pump Application (2019)

In this paper we derive a formulation for Model Predictive Control (MPC) of linear time-invariant systems based on H-infinity loop-shaping. The design provides an optimized stability margin for problems that require state estimation. Input and output weights are designed in the frequency domain to satisfy steady-state and transient performance requirements, in lieu of conventional MPC plant model augmentations. The H-infinity loop-shaping synthesis results in an observer-based state feedback structure. Using the linear state feedback law, an inverse optimal control problem is solved to design the MPC cost function, and the H-infinity state estimator is used to initialize the prediction model at each time step. The MPC inherits the closed-loop performance and stability margin of the loop-shaped design when constraints are inactive. We apply the methodology to a multi-zone heat pump system in simulation. The design rejects constant unmeasured disturbances and tracks constant references with zero steady-state error, has good transient performance, provides an excellent stability margin, and enforces input and output constraints.
Caspase-8-activated signal predominates in keratinocyte anoikis (2002)

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