gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MDM2 gene amplification in bone and soft‐tissue tumors: Association with tumor progression in differentiated adipose‐tissue tumors (1995)

We have studied 107 bone and soft-tissue sarcomas and 8 lipomas for amplification of the MDM2 gene. This gene was amplified in 3 out of 67 osteosarcomas, 3 out of 20 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, 4 out of 20 liposarcomas, and 4 out of 8 lipomas. The amplification was associated with overexpression of mRNA. In osteosarcomas, contrary to previous findings, all amplifications were observed in primary lesions. In liposarcomas, the amplification was seen exclusively in well-differentiated tumors with high frequency (4/5) but not in other subtypes (0/15). In addition, MDM2 amplification was also frequently found in deep-seated intra- or intermuscular lipomas (4/5). Hence, it is suggested that MDM2 amplification plays a significant role in the development of differentiated adipose-tissue tumors. Three well-differentiated liposarcomas with MDM2 amplification coexisted with high-grade dedifferentiated sarcomas, in which MDM2 amplification was also observed. Interestingly, in 2 of these cases, the grades of amplification correlated with the histological grades, indicating an important role of MDM2 overexpression in tumor progression.
10 th Annual Conference of the International Speech (2009)

We present in this paper a twofold contribution to Machine Translation. First, we present a method to automatically build training and testing corpora for confidence measures containing realistic errors. Errors introduced into reference translation simulate classical machine translation errors (word deletion and word substitution), and are supervised by Wordnet. Second, we use SVM to combine original and classical confidence measures both at word- and sentence-level. We show that the obtained combination outperform by 14% (absolute) our best single word-level confidence measure, and that sentence-level combination of confidence measures produces meaningful scores.
Assessment of the Technical Potential for Achieving Zero- Energy Commercial Buildings (2006)

The U.S. Department of Energy's Building Technologies Program has adopted the goal of making zero-energy commercial buildings (ZEBs) marketable by 2025. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted an assessment of the entire commercial sector to evaluate the technical potential for meeting this goal with technology available in 2005 and projected forward to possible technology improvements for 2025. The analysis looked at the technical feasibility of ZEBs, limitations in market penetration and utility grid structures notwithstanding.
A luminescent oxygen channeling biosensor that measures small GTPase activation (2011)

We established a homogeneous luminescent oxygen channeling sensor for measuring activation states of small GTPases. The assay quantifies activated GTPases in cell lysates, can be applied to different GTPases, and can be used for multiplex screening. The study will provide guidelines for determining activation states of diverse GTPases in various biological contexts.
Exclusive ρ 0 production in deep inelastic electron-proton scattering at HERA (1995)

The exclusive production of rho(0) mesons in deep inelastic electron-proton scattering has been studied using the ZEUS detector Cross sections have been measured in the range 7 &lt; Q(2) &lt; 25 GeV2 for gamma*p centre of mass (c.m.) energies from 40 to 130 GeV. The gamma*p --&gt; rho(0)p cross section exhibits a Q(-(4.2+/-0.8-0.5+14)) dependence and bath longitudinally and transversely polarised rho(0)'s are observed. The gamma*p --&gt; rho(0)p cross section rises strongly with increasing c.m. energy, when compared with NMC data at lower energy, which cannot be explained by production through soft pomeron exchange. The data are compared with perturbative QCD calculations where the rise in the cross section reflects the increase in the gluon density at low x.
Organ-specific inhibition of metastatic colon carcinoma by CXCR3 antagonism (2009)

Liver and lung metastases are the predominant cause of colorectal cancer (CRC)-related mortality. Recent research has indicated that CXCR3/chemokines interactions that orchestrate haematopoetic cell movement are implicated in the metastatic process of malignant tumours, including that of CRC cells to lymph nodes. To date, however, the contribution of CXCR3 to liver and lung metastasis in CRC has not been addressed. To determine whether CXCR3 receptors regulate malignancy-related properties of CRC cells, we have used CXCR3-expressing CRC cell lines of human (HT29 cells) and murine (C26 cells) origins that enable the development of liver and lung metastases when injected into immunodeficient and immunocompetent mice, respectively, and assessed the effect of CXCR3 blockade using AMG487, a small molecular weight antagonist. In vitro, activation of CXCR3 on human and mouse CRC cells by its cognate ligands induced migratory and growth responses, both activities being abrogated by AMG487. In vivo, systemic CXCR3 antagonism by preventive or curative treatments with AMG487 markedly inhibited the implantation and the growth of human and mouse CRC cells within lung without affecting that in the liver. In addition, we measured increased levels of CXCR3 and ligands expression within lung nodules compared with liver tumours. Altogether, our findings indicate that activation of CXCR3 receptors by its cognate ligands facilitates the implantation and the progression of CRC cells within lung tissues and that inhibition of this axis decreases pulmonary metastasis of CRC in two murine tumour models.
CaF<inf>2</inf>(Eu): An &#x201C;Old&#x201D; scintillator revisited (2010)

Homeland security applications demand high performance Compton-camera systems, with high detector efficiency, good nuclide identification and able to operate in-field conditions. A low-Z scintillator has been proposed and studied as a promising candidate for use in the scattering plane of a scintillator-based Compton camera: CaF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> (Eu). All the relevant properties for the application of this scintillator in a mobile Compton camera system have been addressed: the energy resolution and the non-linearity at room temperature and in the temperature range of −20°C to +55°C, the photoelectron yield and the relative light yield in the relevant temperature range. A new method of inferring the relative light output of scintillators as a function of temperature has been proposed.
Weight‐bearing MRI of patellofemoral joint cartilage contact area (2004)

Using an open magnet and specially designed apparatus, it is possible to image the patellar cartilage during physiologic loading. Knowledge of patellar cartilage contact area is needed to assess patellofemoral stress, which may be increased in patients with patellofemoral pain syndrome.
TH-D-351-03: Streaking Artifacts Reduction in Four-Dimensional Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (2008)

Purpose: In order to track tumor motion for patients with lung cancer four-dimensional CBCT (4D CBCT) techniques have been introduced to deal with respiratory motion by gating projections into several phases. However, due to the limited gantry rotation speed, fewer than 100 projections are available for the image reconstruction at each phase. Thus, severe undersampling streaking artifacts plague 4D CBCT images. In this presentation, we propose a simple scheme to significantly reduce the streaking artifacts. Method and Materials: A prior image is first reconstructed using all of the cone-beam projection data without gating. This image volume is then reprojected to generate a synthesized projection data set. The difference projections generated from these two data sets are then gated and reconstructed to generate a difference image for each respiratory phase. The difference image is added back to the prior image to generate the final 4D CBCT image volume for each phase. A home-made motion phantom was built and scanned on a Varian Trilogy system. Projection data were retrospectively gated based on the phase information. Results: For a given phase, only ∼12 projections were selected (i.e. one projection for each respiratory cycle) to reconstruct the 4D CBCT images. The fidelity of stationary objects was preserved and descent reconstructions of moving objects were obtained. Streak artifacts were significantly reduced in the reconstructed images. A figure of merit to characterize the streak artifacts strength was introduced and about 70% streak artifacts reduction was achievable compared with traditional FDK reconstruction. Conclusion: An algorithm has been proposed to reduce undersampling streaking artifacts in 4D CBCT. In physical phantom studies, we demonstrated that the streaking artifacts were effectively mitigated (70% reduction compared with FDK reconstruction). This correction scheme enables gating of the 4D CBCT data in a very narrow window (12∼95ms) which significantly improves the temporal resolution.
Deterministic generation of non-classical states of light using photon blockade (2009)

The generation of non-classical states of light via photon blockade with time-modulated input is analyzed. We show that improved single photon statistics can be obtained by adequately choosing the parameters of the driving laser pulses. An alternative method, where the system is driven via a continuous wave laser and the frequency of the dipole is controlled (e.g. electrically) at very fast timescales is presented.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Response to Neoadjuvant Targeted Therapy in Operable Head and Neck Cancer Confers Survival Benefit (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Detection of methylated DNA in plasma of HNSCC patients&lt;/p&gt;
An electron spin resonance reinvestigation of dihydropyridyl radicals (1977)

An e.s.r. study of substituted dihydropyridyl radicals is reported. Some spectra previously described have been reinterpreted and the structures of the radicals reassigned. The factors influencing the persistence of dihydro-pyridyl radicals are discussed. In one case (4-aceteyl-1-methyidihydropyridyl) extraordinarly large variations of hyperfine splitting constants with solvent were observed: these were explained in terms of mesomerism. The large solvent-induced redistribution of spin density makes this radical a useful substrate for studying medium effects.
Nanocrystalline α-MnO2Nanowires by Electrochemical Step-Edge Decoration (2004)

Nanocrystalline α-MnO2 nanowires are prepared by electrodeposition of MnO2 at step edges on graphite electrodes. MnO2 wires have an adjustable diameter of 40−150 nm, were 10−500 μm in length, and were organized into parallel ensembles of hundreds of wires.
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy Observation of Pulverization of Aluminum Nanowires and Evolution of the Thin Surface Al2O3 Layers during Lithiation–Delithiation Cycles (2011)

Lithiation-delithiation cycles of individual aluminum nanowires (NWs) with naturally oxidized Al(2)O(3) surface layers (thickness 4-5 nm) were conducted in situ in a transmission electron microscope. Surprisingly, the lithiation was always initiated from the surface Al(2)O(3) layer, forming a stable Li-Al-O glass tube with a thickness of about 6-10 nm wrapping around the NW core. After lithiation of the surface Al(2)O(3) layer, lithiation of the inner Al core took place, which converted the single crystal Al to a polycrystalline LiAl alloy, with a volume expansion of about 100%. The Li-Al-O glass tube survived the 100% volume expansion, by enlarging through elastic and plastic deformation, acting as a solid electrolyte with exceptional mechanical robustness and ion conduction. Voids were formed in the Al NWs during the initial delithiation step and grew continuously with each subsequent delithiation, leading to pulverization of the Al NWs to isolated nanoparticles confined inside the Li-Al-O tube. There was a corresponding loss of capacity with each delithiation step when arrays of NWs were galvonostatically cycled. The results provide important insight into the degradation mechanism of lithium-alloy electrodes and into recent reports about the performance improvement of lithium ion batteries by atomic layer deposition of Al(2)O(3) onto the active materials or electrodes.
Uniform Information Segmentation (2016)

Size uniformity is one of the main criteria of superpixel methods. But size uniformity rarely conforms to the varying content of an image. The chosen size of the superpixels therefore represents a compromise - how to obtain the fewest superpixels without losing too much important detail. We propose that a more appropriate criterion for creating image segments is information uniformity. We introduce a novel method for segmenting an image based on this criterion. Since information is a natural way of measuring image complexity, our proposed algorithm leads to image segments that are smaller and denser in areas of high complexity and larger in homogeneous regions, thus simplifying the image while preserving its details. Our algorithm is simple and requires just one input parameter - a threshold on the information content. On segmentation comparison benchmarks it proves to be superior to the state-of-the-art. In addition, our method is computationally very efficient, approaching real-time performance, and is easily extensible to three-dimensional image stacks and video volumes.
Can 1H-Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) be used for early detection of hepatocellular cancer (HCC)? (2007)

15107 Background: HCC is a common and rapidly fatal cancer. Current screening tools are inadequate for identification of potentially curable cases. Our aim was to determine whether H-NMR can identify HCC compared to controls in the woodchuck (WC) model of hepatitis related HCC. Methods: Eastern WCs were bred and inoculated at birth with dilute sera from WCs that are chronic carriers of Woodchuck Hepatitis B Virus (WHV). This resulted in chronic hepatitis in ∼60% animals and all carriers developed HCC by 24–36 months. Serum from 10 chronic WHV carriers with HCC (group 1), 5 WHV carriers with no HCC (group 2) and 15 matched non-infected controls (group 3) was obtained. 45uL serum was diluted with 5uL of D2O containing 27mM formic acid + 0.9% saline. Spectra were collected on a 600 MHz INOVA spectrometer using a CapNMR flow probe with 10uL flow cell at 298K without knowledge of group assignments. The resulting 1D spectra were processed using Nuts from AcornNMR. Results: Principle component analysis and supervised PLS-DA was performed using Simca P+ from Umetrics. Despite general separation of groups, the Q2 value of this model was relatively low (0.20). We trained a Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm, a supervised machine-learning algorithm, to learn to identify the groups. Evaluation of the performance of the algorithm using 10-fold validation on the data set achieved a Kappa value of 0.43. This algorithm learnt to identify HCC [0.765 ROC, 0.8 sensitivity, and 0.727 positive predictive value (PPV)] and controls (0.75 ROC, 0.69 sensitivity and 0.73 PPV) but not the WHV carrier group, likely due to the small numbers. In a second analysis of 10 HCC and 15 controls, PLS-DA showed clear separation using three components (Q2= 0.5). The corresponding SVM model showed a kappa value of 0.52 and ROC values of 0.767 for both classes. Conclusions: Our preliminary results indicate that H-NMR spectra alone can be used to distinguish HCC from healthy controls using the machine-learning algorithm for classification. Further validation in a larger cohort of woodchucks is ongoing and confirmation of these preliminary findings would support investigation of this technique as a screening tool in patients at risk for developing HCC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Imaging Tumor Angiogenesis: The Road to Clinical Utility (2013)

The superior molecular sensitivity of PET and the lack of radiation from MRI and contrast-enhanced ultrasound put these techniques at the forefront of clinical translation.
Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is activated by KLK2 in prostate cancer ex vivo models and in prostate‐targeted PSA/KLK2 double transgenic mice (2010)

These data demonstrate, with biologically relevant models, that KLK2 is the protease responsible for activating PSA. While PSA is involved in the processing and release of a number of important growth factors, our results suggest that active PSA is not sufficient to induce the development of prostate cancer or prostate cancer precursors in aging PSA transgenic mice.
Recurrent Signature Patterns in HIV-1 B Clade Envelope Glycoproteins Associated with either Early or Chronic Infections (2011)

Here we have identified HIV-1 B clade Envelope (Env) amino acid signatures from early in infection that may be favored at transmission, as well as patterns of recurrent mutation in chronic infection that may reflect common pathways of immune evasion. To accomplish this, we compared thousands of sequences derived by single genome amplification from several hundred individuals that were sampled either early in infection or were chronically infected. Samples were divided at the outset into hypothesis-forming and validation sets, and we used phylogenetically corrected statistical strategies to identify signatures, systematically scanning all of Env. Signatures included single amino acids, glycosylation motifs, and multi-site patterns based on functional or structural groupings of amino acids. We identified signatures near the CCR5 co-receptor-binding region, near the CD4 binding site, and in the signal peptide and cytoplasmic domain, which may influence Env expression and processing. Two signatures patterns associated with transmission were particularly interesting. The first was the most statistically robust signature, located in position 12 in the signal peptide. The second was the loss of an N-linked glycosylation site at positions 413-415; the presence of this site has been recently found to be associated with escape from potent and broad neutralizing antibodies, consistent with enabling a common pathway for immune escape during chronic infection. Its recurrent loss in early infection suggests it may impact fitness at the time of transmission or during early viral expansion. The signature patterns we identified implicate Env expression levels in selection at viral transmission or in early expansion, and suggest that immune evasion patterns that recur in many individuals during chronic infection when antibodies are present can be selected against when the infection is being established prior to the adaptive immune response.
Antiglycation Activity of Triazole Schiff’s Bases Against Fructosemediated Glycation: In Vitro and In Silico Study (2019)

The study identifies triazole Schiff's bases active against fructose-mediated glycation of HSA, thus indicates their potential against late diabetic complications due to production of advancedend products (AGEs).
Reversing epigenetic mechanisms of drug resistance in solid tumors using targeted microRNA delivery (2016)

Reversal of epigenetically controlled tumor drug resistance mechanisms via miRNA delivery presents a novel strategy for enhancing the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. Further, the ability to target delivery of miRNAs may provide the opportunity to go beyond reversal of resistance to hyper-sensitization of tumor cells to the cytotoxic effects of drugs. However, understanding of the role of miRNA in epigenetic regulation is still in its early stages and further research is critical for potential utility in improving therapeutic efficacy in cancer patients.
Featherweight OCL (2012)

At its origins, OCL was conceived as a strict semantics for undefinedness, with the exception of the logical connectives of type Boolean that constitute a three-valued propositional logic. Recent versions of the OCL standard added a second exception element, which, similar to the null references in programming languages, is given a non-strict semantics.
Effects of mutual coupling on interference mitigation with a focal plane array (2005)

A focal plane array feed of electrically small elements has been proposed as a means for achieving high sensitivity for radio astronomy applications in the presence of radio frequency interference (RFI). For a broadband system, mutual coupling effects become significant as the array element spacing becomes small relative to the electromagnetic wavelength. We present a theoretical framework for modeling the effects of mutual coupling and for determining the optimal multiport matching network between array elements and front-end transistor low-noise amplifiers for maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Numerical results are given for a model scenario including spillover and amplifier thermal noise and point signal and interference sources. A suboptimal self-impedance matching network yields performance close to that of a full network match.
OFDM pilot-tone assisted distributed control for SDN-based elastic optical networks (2015)

We demonstrate for the first time an SDN-based OFDM elastic optical network with pilot-tone assisted distributed control. Improvement in spectral efficiency and a fast reconfiguration time of 30ms have been achieved in our experiment.
Monitoring in fog computing: state-of-the-art and research challenges (2021)

Fog computing has rapidly become a widely accepted computing paradigm to mitigate cloud computing-based infrastructure limitations such as scarcity of bandwidth, large latency, security, and privacy issues.Fog computing resources and applications dynamically vary at run-time, and they are highly distributed, mobile, and appear-disappear rapidly at any time over the internet.Therefore, to ensure the quality of service and experience for end-users, it is necessary to comply with a comprehensive monitoring approach.However, the volatility and dynamism characteristics of fog resources make the monitoring design complex and cumbersome.The aim of this article is therefore threefold: (i) to analyze fog computing-based infrastructures and existing monitoring solutions; (ii) to highlight the main requirements and challenges based on a taxonomy; and (iii) to identify open issues and potential future research directions.
The Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Chimpanzees May Not Necessarily Correlate with the Appearance of Acquired Immunity (2002)

Clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in humans and chimpanzees is thought to be associated with the induction of strong T-cell responses. We studied four chimpanzees infected with HCV derived from an infectious full-length HCV genotype 1b cDNA. Two of the chimpanzees cleared the infection to undetectable levels for more than 12 months of follow-up; the other two became persistently infected. Detailed analyses of HCV-specific immune responses were performed during the courses of infection in these chimpanzees. Only weak and transient T helper responses were detected during the acute phase in all four chimpanzees. A comparison of the frequency of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells in peripheral blood by ELISpot assay did not reveal any correlation between viral clearance and T-cell responses. In addition, analyses of IFN-gamma, IFN-alpha, and interleukin-4 mRNA levels in liver biopsies, presumably indicative of intrahepatic T-cell responses, revealed no distinct pattern in these chimpanzees with respect to infection outcome. The present study suggests that the outcome of HCV infection in chimpanzees is not necessarily attributable to HCV sequence variation and that chimpanzees may recover from HCV infection by mechanisms other than the induction of readily detectable HCV-specific T-cell responses.