gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nucleating agents for high‐density polyethylene—A review (2016)

A review of nucleating agent (NA) types and their effect on crystallization in high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) is presented. The focus is on methods to improve the physical properties of HDPE due to its widespread use in commercial applications and high volume use in typical industrial processes including extrusion, injection molding, and blow molding. The crystallization process in HDPE significantly affects its final optical, mechanical, and thermal properties. The addition of NAs affects the physical properties of HDPE by controlling the crystallization from the melt state. Specific NAs improve properties such as clarity, cycle time, and modulus. NAs are more widely developed for polypropylene (PP) than HDPE as its slower crystallization rate allows greater control in achieving property improvements. While certain NAs are effective in improving property characteristics in HDPE, greater control over the crystallization process would achieve further improvements in specific properties. Research has progressed in identifying effective NAs for HDPE, though the magnitude of the effects remains lower than those generally observed in PP. Inorganic and organic NAs are reviewed with an emphasis on the mechanisms by which they function. Fundamentals of polymer crystallization and modeling kinetics during both isothermal and nonisothermal studies provide the necessary framework for characterizing the effects of a NA in HDPE. Finally, the interactions between HDPE, NA, and industrial processing conditions as related to practical applications are discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 56:541–554, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
Fabrication of microcalcifications for insertion into phantoms used to evaluate x-ray breast imaging systems (2021)

Physical breast phantoms can be used to evaluate x-ray imaging systems such as mammography, digital breast tomosynthesis and dedicated breast computed tomography (bCT). These phantoms typically attempt to mimic x-ray attenuation properties of adipose and fibroglandular tissues within the breast. In order to use these phantoms for task-based objective assessment of image quality, relevant diagnostic features should be modeled within the phantom, such as mass lesions and/or microcalcifications. Evaluating imaging system performance in detecting microcalcifications is of particular interest due to its' clinical significance. Many previously-developed phantoms have used materials that model microcalcifications using unrealistic chemical composition, which do not accurately portray their desired x-ray attenuation and scatter properties. We report here on a new method for developing real microcalcification simulants that can be embedded in breast phantoms. This was achieved in several steps, including cross-linking hydroxyapatite and calcium oxalate powders with a binder called polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and mechanical compression. The fabricated microcalcifications were evaluated by measuring their x-ray attenuation and scatter properties using x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction systems, respectively, and were demonstrated with x-ray mammography and bCT images. Results suggest that using these microcalcification models will make breast phantoms more realistic for use in evaluating task-based detection performance of the abovementioned breast imaging techniques, and bode well for extending their use to spectral imaging and x-ray coherent scatter computed tomography.
siRNAs containing 2′-fluorinated Northern-methanocarbacyclic (2′-F-NMC) nucleotides: in vitro and in vivo RNAi activity and inability of mitochondrial polymerases to incorporate 2′-F-NMC NTPs (2021)

We recently reported the synthesis of 2'-fluorinated Northern-methanocarbacyclic (2'-F-NMC) nucleotides, which are based on a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold. Here, we analyzed RNAi-mediated gene silencing activity in cell culture and demonstrated that a single incorporation of 2'-F-NMC within the guide or passenger strand of the tri-N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated siRNA targeting mouse Ttr was generally well tolerated. Exceptions were incorporation of 2'-F-NMC into the guide strand at positions 1 and 2, which resulted in a loss of the in vitro activity. Activity at position 1 was recovered when the guide strand was modified with a 5' phosphate, suggesting that the 2'-F-NMC is a poor substrate for 5' kinases. In mice, the 2'-F-NMC-modified siRNAs had comparable RNAi potencies to the parent siRNA. 2'-F-NMC residues in the guide seed region position 7 and at positions 10, 11 and 12 were well tolerated. Surprisingly, when the 5'-phosphate mimic 5'-(E)-vinylphosphonate was attached to the 2'-F-NMC at the position 1 of the guide strand, activity was considerably reduced. The steric constraints of the bicyclic 2'-F-NMC may impair formation of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the vinylphosphonate and the MID domain of Ago2. Molecular modeling studies explain the position- and conformation-dependent RNAi-mediated gene silencing activity of 2'-F-NMC. Finally, the 5'-triphosphate of 2'-F-NMC is not a substrate for mitochondrial RNA and DNA polymerases, indicating that metabolites should not be toxic.
Field emission from graphene based composite thin films (2008)

Field emission from graphene is challenging because the existing deposition methods lead to sheets that lay flat on the substrate surface, which limits the field enhancement. Here we describe a simple and general solution based method for the deposition of field emitting graphene/polymer composite thin films. The graphene sheets are oriented at some angles with respect to the substrate surface leading to field emission at low threshold fields (∼4Vμm−1). Our method provides a route for the deposition of graphene based thin film field emitter on different substrates, opening up avenues for a variety of applications.
Cooling system with automated seasonal freeze protection (2023)

An automated multi-fluid cooling system and method are provided for cooling an electronic component(s). The cooling system includes a coolant loop, a coolant tank, multiple valves, and a controller. The coolant loop is at least partially exposed to outdoor ambient air temperature(s) during normal operation, and the coolant tank includes first and second reservoirs containing first and second fluids, respectively. The first fluid freezes at a lower temperature than the second, the second fluid has superior cooling properties compared with the first, and the two fluids are soluble. The multiple valves are controllable to selectively couple the first or second fluid into the coolant in the coolant loop, wherein the coolant includes at least the second fluid. The controller automatically controls the valves to vary first fluid concentration level in the coolant loop based on historical, current, or anticipated outdoor air ambient temperature(s) for a time of year.
THE BURNING OF JUDE THE OBSCURE (1988)

THE BURNING OF JUDE THE OBSCURE Get access MICHAEL MASON MICHAEL MASON University CollegeLondon Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 35, Issue 3, September 1988, Pages 332-b–334, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/35-3-332b Published: 01 September 1988
Stereochemistry of thermal ring opening of substituted 7-(ethoxycarbonyl)bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1(6)-enes and related substances (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereochemistry of thermal ring opening of substituted 7-(ethoxycarbonyl)bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-1(6)-enes and related substancesEdward Piers and Yee Fung LuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 10, 2267–2268Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00271a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00271a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Correction: Corrigendum: A dual specificity kinase, DYRK1A, as a potential therapeutic target for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 36132; published online: 31 October 2016; updated: 26 June 2017. This Article contains errors. The Acknowledgements section is incomplete. “We thank the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Government of India for research support to the Institute of Bioinformatics (IOB), Bangalore.
Directed diffusion: an application-specific and data-centric communication paradigm for wireless sensor networks (2002)

Advances in radio, sensor, and VLSI technology will enable small and inexpensive sensor nodes capable of wireless communication and significant computation. Large-scale networks of such sensors may require novel data dissemination paradigms which are scalable, robust, and energy-efficient. In this dissertation, we design and evaluate directed diffusion, one such paradigm for distributed sensing applications in wireless sensor networks. Directed diffusion incorporates attribute-based naming, reinforcement-based adaptation, data-centric routing, and application-specific processing inside the network (e.g., data aggregation). By using attributes with external meaning at the lowest levels of communication, diffusion avoids multiple levels of name binding common to other approaches. Attribute-based naming in turn enables in-network processing with filters, supporting data aggregation, nested queries, and similar techniques that are critical to reducing network traffic and conserving energy. Given that, in wireless sensor networks, the communication cost is several orders of magnitude higher than the computation cost, directed diffusion can achieve significant energy savings with in-network data aggregation. We evaluate the energy efficiency of directed diffusion analytically and experimentally. 
We also propose two instantiations of directed diffusion with different aggregation schemes: opportunistic aggregation and greedy aggregation. In the former approach, data is opportunistically aggregated at intermediate nodes on a low-latency tree. Our evaluation indicates that the opportunistic approach can achieve significant energy savings and can outperform idealized traditional schemes even with relatively unoptimized path selection. In the greedy approach, a greedy incremental tree is constructed to improve path sharing for more energy savings. Our result suggests that although greedy aggregation and opportunistic aggregation are roughly equivalent in low-density and medium-density networks, greedy aggregation can achieve significant energy savings in high-density networks without adversely impacting latency or robustness.
The Logbook, A Publication of the Wayne E. Meyer Institute of Systems Engineering / August 2003 (2003)

www.nps.navy.mil/meyerinstitute Email:MeyerInst@nps.navy.mil Phone:(831) 656-7847 Fax:(831) 656-2336 Naval Postgraduate School, 777 Dyer Rd., Mail Code 97, Monterey, CA
CareView (2004)

In a study of home-healthcare practitioners, we found that temporal trends contained in patients' clinical records form one of the most critical pieces of information when selecting and administering appropriate treatment. However, these records are comprised of quantitative and qualitative data, and recorded as a narrative. This format makes the extraction of historical trends difficult and time-consuming. To address this limitation, we introduce CareView, a system that utilizes a set of visualization techniques to increase the visibility of temporal trends in clinical narratives. Specifically, our system focuses on integrated temporal visualizations of numeric and qualitative records; a visualization to facilitate rapid comparison of a patient's condition against previously established care goals; and the ability to immediately visualize data as it is entered. Two experiments comparing the market-leading tabular interface with CareView revealed a significant reduction in the time required to identify trends in patients' conditions. However, interviews with nurses highlighted the importance of preserving the integrity of the holistic narrative and suggested extending the design space.
Atomic-scale understanding of structural relaxation in simple and complex borosilicate glasses (2007)

The temporal evolution of the coordination environments of B atoms in simple and complex borosilicate glasses following temperature jumps near the glass-transition temperature has been studied using $^{11}\mathrm{B}$ magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy. The relaxation kinetics for boron speciation is found to be in excellent agreement with those for density and shear relaxation at the same temperature, irrespective of the compositional makeup of the glass. Moreover, the temperature dependence of boron speciation is found to be the most important source for the production of configurational entropy in these glasses near the glass-transition range, signifying a direct link between structure, configurational entropy, and viscous flow. When taken together, these results are shown to be consistent with the predictions of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.
Antitumor effect of combination of hyperthermotherapy and 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA). (2013)

Therefore, ALA administration markedly enhanced the tumor growth-inhibitory effect of HT.
Genetic, Photic and Temperature Effects on the Fecundity of Tribolium (1974)

Fecundity of two unrelated populations of Tribolium castaneum as measured by eggs laid and hatchability was studied in a factorial design involving two levels of temperature (28°C vs. 33°C) and of lighting (light vs. dark). Significant differences between genotype, temperatures, and lighting regimes were observed for egg numbers, whereas temperature represented the only significant influence on hatchability. Egg numbers were increased considerably by the higher temperature but hatchability declined. In addition, more eggs were laid in continuous dark than in continuous light. Genotypes interacted with levels of temperature in the dark. The photonegative response of Tribolium was the probable mechanism for the observed photic influence. The response of these two genotypes indicated that Tribolium can adapt to continuous light with a resulting decrease in the photonegative sensitivity. There is a possibility of genotype by environment interactions in population studies with Tribolium.
Unassisted 3D camera calibration (2012)

With the rapid growth of 3D technology, 3D image capture has become a critical part of the 3D feature set on mobile phones. 3D image quality is affected by the scene geometry as well as on-the-device processing. An automatic 3D system usually assumes known camera poses accomplished by factory calibration using a special chart. In real life settings, pose parameters estimated by factory calibration can be negatively impacted by movements of the lens barrel due to shaking, focusing, or camera drop. If any of these factors displaces the optical axes of either or both cameras, vertical disparity might exceed the maximum tolerable margin and the 3D user may experience eye strain or headaches. To make 3D capture more practical, one needs to consider unassisted (on arbitrary scenes) calibration. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that relies on detection and matching of keypoints between left and right images. Frames containing erroneous matches, along with frames with insufficiently rich keypoint constellations, are detected and discarded. Roll, pitch yaw , and scale differences between left and right frames are then estimated. The algorithm performance is evaluated in terms of the remaining vertical disparity as compared to the maximum tolerable vertical disparity.
The FHA domain of OdhI interacts with the carboxyterminal 2‐oxoglutarate dehydrogenase domain of OdhA in Corynebacterium glutamicum (2010)

In Corynebacterium glutamicum, the unphosphorylated 15-kDa OdhI protein inhibits the activity of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (ODHc) by binding to OdhA, which in corynebacteria and mycobacteria is a large fusion protein with two major domains exhibiting structural features of E1o and E2 proteins. Using copurification and surface plasmon resonance experiments with different OdhI and OdhA length variants it was shown that the entire forkhead-associated (FHA) domain of OdhI and the C-terminal dehydrogenase domain of OdhA are required for interaction. The FHA domain was also sufficient for inhibition of ODHc activity. Phosphorylated OdhI was binding-incompetent and did not inhibit ODHc activity.
Novel AC coupled gate driver for ultra fast switching of normally-off SiC JFETs (2010)

Over the last years, more and more SiC power semiconductor switches became available in low production volumes in order to prove their superior behavior with respect to fast switching speed, low on-resistance per chip area, high voltage range and high temperature operation. A very promising device among those introduced in numerous publications over the last years is the 1200 V 30 A JFET introduced by SemiSouth. It features a very low on-resistance (2.8m Ω cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), switching operation within 20 ns, a normally-off characteristic and has already been commercialized in contrast to many other SiC switches. To fully exploit the potential of the SiC normally-off JFET, conventional gate drivers for unipolar devices must be adapted to this device due to its special requirements: During on-state the gate voltage must not exceed 3 V, while a current of around 300 mA must be fed into the gate, during switching operation the transient gate voltage should be around ±15 V and the low threshold voltage of 0.7 V requires a high noise immunity which is a severe challenge as the device has a comparably low gate-source but high gate-drain capacitance. To meet these requirements, several concepts have been published recently. They deal with the challenges mentioned, but they also note certain limitations (e. g. frequency and duty cycle limitations or need for additional cooling). In this paper, a novel gate driver consisting only of one standard gate driver IC, resistors, capacitors and diodes is designed and experimentally validated. It supplies enough gate current for minimum on-resistance, allows fast switching operation, features a high noise immunity and can be used for any duty cycle and usual switching frequencies without significant self-heating.
Locking Frequency Band Detection Method for Islanding Protection of Distribution Generation (2017)

An islanding condition refers to an undesired event in which a portion of utility system, including both distributed generator(s) (DG) and local loads, remains energized while the main grid is disconnected. Unintentional islanding incident can result in serious personnel safety issues, interference to grid-protection facilities, power quality degradation, and equipment damage. Accordingly, anti-islanding protection for DG system is required by standard and utility codes. In this paper, an active islanding protection method is proposed called locking frequency band detection. The proposed method functions by introducing a virtual detection band only based on local grid frequency measurements at the point of common coupling. Hence, it has little or no impact on DG output and its power quality, and it does not get affected by a number of DGs. In addition, the proposed protection method eliminates the dreaded nondetection zone for DG systems typically observed during most severe power system transient conditions. In this paper, detailed description of the algorithm is explained and its performance and efficacy are evaluated through simulation and hardware experiments for different load quality factors.
Design of a high sensitive non-faradaic impedimetric sensor (2012)

An electrochemical approach towards identifying antigen-antibody binding interactions is studied by using a non-faradaic impedimetric sensor fabricated on a printed circuit board (PCB) chip. An electrical methodology for detecting protein interactions at ultra-low concentrations (in the femtogram/mL) regime has been demonstrated. Nanoporous alumina with pore diameter of 200nm and pore depth of 250 nm was used as the signal amplifying medium. Cardiac biomarker, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) was used as the study marker in characterizing the sensor's sensitivity. A sensitivity of 10 femtogram/mL was determined based on the impedimetric signal response. Sensitivity was determined through Nyquist plot analysis for the non-faradaic interactions of the protein biomolecules. This paper is the first demonstration of clinically relevant limit of detection with the BNP biomarker.
Multibody cofactor and substrate molecular recognition in the myo-inositol monophosphatase enzyme (2016)

Molecular recognition is rarely a two-body protein-ligand problem, as it often involves the dynamic interplay of multiple molecules that together control the binding process. Myo-inositol monophosphatase (IMPase), a drug target for bipolar disorder, depends on 3 Mg(2+) ions as cofactor for its catalytic activity. Although the crystallographic pose of the pre-catalytic complex is well characterized, the binding process by which substrate, cofactor and protein cooperate is essentially unknown. Here, we have characterized cofactor and substrate cooperative binding by means of large-scale molecular dynamics. Our study showed the first and second Mg(2+) ions identify the binding pocket with fast kinetics whereas the third ion presents a much higher energy barrier. Substrate binding can occur in cooperation with cofactor, or alone to a binary or ternary cofactor-IMPase complex, although the last scenario occurs several orders of magnitude faster. Our atomic description of the three-body mechanism offers a particularly challenging example of pathway reconstruction, and may prove particularly useful in realistic contexts where water, ions, cofactors or other entities cooperate and modulate the binding process.