gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ESD robust DeMOS devices in advanced CMOS technologies (2011)

Improvement of ∼5X in the I T2 (3.3mA/μm) of a grounded gate N-DeMOS device compared to a standard design is achieved by simple layout variations with a minor impact on its footprint. Robustness of P-DeMOS devices is shown to be further increased by additional p implant in drain region. Electrical and thermal instabilities are studied by Transmission Line Pulsing (TLP), Transient Interferometric Mapping (TIM) method and 3D TCAD simulations.
Mammalian Glycan Biosynthesis: Building a Template for Biological Recognition (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction and Outline The Mechanics of Mammalian Glycosylation Methodology-New Technologies Mesh with “Tried and True” Approaches Acknowledgements References
In-Cycle Closed-Loop Combustion Control for Pilot Misfire Compensation (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Pilot injections are normally used for the reduction of diesel engine emissions and combustion noise. Nonetheless, with a penalty on the indicated thermal efficiency. The cost is reduced by the minimization of the pilot mass, which on its counterpart increases the risk of pilot misfire. Pilot misfire can have a higher penalty on the indicated efficiency if it is not compensated adequately. This paper investigates how in-cycle closed-loop combustion control techniques can reduce the effects of pilot misfire events.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;By closed-loop combustion control, pilot misfire can be detected and counteracted in-cycle. Two injection strategies are investigated. The first is the control of the main injection, the second includes an additional second pilot injection. Based on the in-cycle misfire diagnose, two architectures are investigated. The first uses a cycle-to-cycle controller to set the main injection under each scenario. The second is a fully in-cycle controller with feedback from predictive models. All the algorithms were tested experimentally in a Scania D13 engine.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results confirmed that in-cycle closed-loop combustion control can effectively reduce the effects of pilot misfire. An error of +1.5CAD on the main SOC and −0.5bar IMEP on the engine load was reduced to 0±0.6CAD and 0±0.4bar IMEP using the cycle-to-cycle architecture. The predictive in-cycle control can further reduce the error of the main SOC to 0±0.4CAD and 0±0.2bar IMEP for the engine load. These two approaches had one degree of freedom, and therefore only one of the combustion timing parameters (SOC or CA50) was regulated successfully. With the additional degree of freedom of the second pilot injection, the misfire effects were not only reduced, but also fully counteracted.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The methods are limited by the time window where pilot misfire observability and controllability overlap. This is set by the injections’ separations and the respective ignition delays. The second pilot injection can be further improved by the regulation of its injection timing and duration. The results can enhance the nominal set-up optimization by including the in-cycle controllability and regulation performance in the constraints.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The detection of brain ischaemia in rats by inductive phase shift spectroscopy (2009)

Ischaemia in the brain is an important clinical problem that is often monitored and studied with expensive devices such as MRI and PET, which are not readily available in low economical resource parts of the world. We have developed a new less expensive tool for non-invasive monitoring of ischaemia in the brain. This is a first feasibility study describing the concept. The system is based on the hypothesis that electromagnetic properties of the tissue change during ischaemia and that measuring the electromagnetic properties of the bulk of the brain with non-contact means can detect these changes. The apparatus we have built and whose design we describe here consists of two electromagnetic coils placed around the head. The system measures the bulk change in time of the phase difference between the electromagnetic signal on the two coils in a range of frequencies. A mathematical model simulating the device and the measurement is also introduced. Ischaemia was induced in the brain of rats by occlusion of the right cerebral and carotid arteries. Experimental subjects were monitored for 24 h. Inductive phase shift measurements were made at five frequencies in the range of 0.1-50 MHz eight times during the observation period. An ex vivo estimation of the percentage of necrosis in the ischemic subjects at t = 24 h was done. The mathematical model was also applied to the experimental tested situation. The results of both experiments and theory show significant phase shifts increase as a function of frequency and ischaemia time. The theoretical and experimental results suggest that the tested technique has the potential to detect the processes and level of ischaemia in the brain by non-invasive, continuous, bulk volumetric monitoring with a simple and inexpensive apparatus.
ORIGIN OF CHAOS IN A TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAP MODELING SPIKING-BURSTING NEURAL ACTIVITY (2003)

Origin of chaos in a simple two-dimensional map model replicating the spiking and spiking-bursting activity of real biological neurons is studied. The map contains one fast and one slow variable. Individual dynamics of a fast subsystem of the map is characterized by two types of possible attractors: stable fixed point (replicating silence) and superstable limit cycle (replicating spikes). Coupling this subsystem with the slow subsystem leads to the generation of periodic or chaotic spiking-bursting behavior. We study the bifurcation scenarios which reveal the dynamical mechanisms that lead to chaos at alternating silence and spiking phases.
New variable Stars from the Photographic Archive: Semi-automated Discoveries, Attempts of Automatic Classification, and the New Field 104 Her (2018)

Using 172 plates taken with the 40-cm astrograph of the Sternberg Astronomical Institute (Lomonosov Moscow University) in 1976-1994 and digitized with the resolution of 2400 dpi, we discovered and studied 275 new variable stars. We present the list of our new variables with all necessary information concerning their brightness variations. As in our earlier studies, the new discoveries show a rather large number of high-amplitude Delta Scuti variables, predicting that many stars of this type remain not detected in the whole sky. We also performed automated classification of the newly discovered variable stars based on the Random Forest algorithm. The results of the automated classification were compared to traditional classification and showed that automated classification was possible even with noisy photographic data. However, further improvement of automated techniques is needed, which is especially important having in mind the very large numbers of new discoveries expected from all-sky surveys.
Microfilariae Trigger Eosinophil Extracellular DNA Traps in a Dectin-1-Dependent Manner (2021)

Eosinophils mediate protection against filarial nematodes. Our results demonstrate that eosinophil extracellular traps (EETosis) are induced by microfilariae and infective L3 larvae of Litomosoides sigmodontis. These extracellular DNA traps inhibit microfilariae motility in a DNA- and contact-dependent manner in vitro. Accordingly, microfilariae-injection triggers DNA release in an eosinophil-dependent manner in vivo and microfilariae covered with DNA traps are cleared more rapidly. Using dectin-1, we identify the required receptor for the microfilariae-induced EETosis, whereas signaling via other C-type lectin receptors, prior priming of eosinophils, and presence of antibodies are not required. The DNA released upon microfilariae-induced EETosis is mainly of mitochondrial origin, but acetylated and citrullinated histones are found within the traps. We further demonstrate that the presented DNA-dependent inhibition of microfilariae motility by eosinophils represents a conserved mechanism, as microfilariae from L. sigmodontis and the canine heartworm Dirofilaria immitis induce ETosis in murine and human eosinophils.
Preclinical Differentiation between Apparently Safe and Potentially Hepatotoxic Applications of TRAIL Either Alone or in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Drugs (2006)

Our data show that whereas TRAIL alone or together with selected chemotherapeutic drugs seems to be safe, the combination of TRAIL with cisplatin is toxic to PHH.
Efficient Large Scale Video Classification (2015)

Video classification has advanced tremendously over the recent years. A large part of the improvements in video classification had to do with the work done by the image classification community and the use of deep convolutional networks (CNNs) which produce competitive results with hand- crafted motion features. These networks were adapted to use video frames in various ways and have yielded state of the art classification results. We present two methods that build on this work, and scale it up to work with millions of videos and hundreds of thousands of classes while maintaining a low computational cost. In the context of large scale video processing, training CNNs on video frames is extremely time consuming, due to the large number of frames involved. We propose to avoid this problem by training CNNs on either YouTube thumbnails or Flickr images, and then using these networks' outputs as features for other higher level classifiers. We discuss the challenges of achieving this and propose two models for frame-level and video-level classification. The first is a highly efficient mixture of experts while the latter is based on long short term memory neural networks. We present results on the Sports-1M video dataset (1 million videos, 487 classes) and on a new dataset which has 12 million videos and 150,000 labels.
Monitoring of an Alpine landslide using dense seismic observations: combining Distributed Acoustic Sensing and 1000 autonomous seismic nodes (2023)

Landslides are a major natural hazard that can cause significant loss of life and property damage around the world. As global temperatures rise and weather extremes become more frequent, we can expect an increase in the hazard emanating from landslides too. In order to better understand and mitigate landslide risks, a variety of strategies have been developed to characterize and monitor landslide activity. Many established approaches provide valuable information about surface displacement and surface properties, but are not suited to inspect the subsurface parts of a landslide body. In contrast, seismic imaging and monitoring methods allow us to study subsurface structures, properties, and internal processes that control landslide behaviour.In our project, we develop novel seismic data acquisition and interpretation approaches to characterize and monitor one of the largest active unstable slopes in the Alps, the Cuolm da Vi landslide, with an unprecedented spatial resolution. We achieve this by combining an array of over 1&amp;#8217;000 seismic nodes with fiber-optic based monitoring techniques such as Distributed Acoustic (DAS) and Strain Sensing (DSS).The deep-seated Cuolm da Vi landslide is located near Sedrun (Central Switzerland) and consists of approximately 100-200 million m3 of unstable rock reaching displacement rates up to 10-20 cm/yr with clear seasonal cycles. In summer 2022, we buried over 6 kilometres of fiber-optic cable in this alpine environment covering the most active part of the landslide with multiple cable orientations. Additionally, we deployed a nodal array of 1046 accelerometers in a hexagonal grid covering around 1km2 with a nominal spacing of 28 meters. Seismic data were acquired with the nodes and the DAS system continuously for four weeks. This time period included the blasting of 163 dynamite shots for calibration and active-source imaging purposes. In 2023, we plan to conduct data acquisition for longer periods using primarily fibre-optic based techniques with a focus on the temporal evolution of the landslide dynamics.Our first goal is to resolve the internal structure of the landslide based on the controlled-source data acquired in summer 2022 to construct, for example, a seismic velocity model. Based on the models derived from the active-source seismic data, we plan to exploit the continuous seismic recordings of ambient vibrations and potential seismic signals produced by the landslide activity to complement structural models and study the landslide dynamics. We will present our current results and discuss their implications for the next steps towards monitoring this landslide over time.
Immunity and Cancer: The Role of PSA igM Immune Complexes for Prostate Cancer (2010)

Immunoediting is a new concept in cancer surveillance. Immunity is involved in detecting cellular waste, and taking off transformed cells. In particular, natural IgM antibodies play an important role in immunosurveillance mechanisms against transformed cells in humans. Scientific evidence indicates that biomarkers for different types of cancer, such as liver and colorectal cancer, circulate in blood associated with immunoglobulin M (IgM) to form complexes that improve diagnosis in comparison to circulating free biomarkers. In prostate cancer it has been demonstrated that testing for serum levels of the PSA-IgM immune complex improves the diagnostic performance of total PSA. Preliminary reports indicate that the combination of PSA-IgM with total PSA is the best approach to reduce the number of negative prostatic mapping thus improving the diagnosis of prostate cancer.
LA PHOTOOXYDATION DU GROUPE PEPTIDE—II. PEPTIDES ET POLYAMINOACIDES A L‘ÉTAT SOLIDE* (1967)

Abstract— The determination of glyoxylic and pyruvic acids in oligo‐and poly‐, glycine and alanine shows that the peptide group is photooxydized, probably with the radical ‐NH‐CR‐CO‐ as an intermediate. The characterisation of pyruvic acid in glutathione and oxydized glutathione confirms the photolysis of the C‐S bond in combined cysteine and cystine. Finally, a comparison of the photoreactivity of peptides of the types aliphatic amino acid‐aromatic amino acid and aromatic amino acid‐aliphatic amino acid allows us to propose a selective mechanism for the transfer of excitation energy from the phenyl group to the preceding amino acid residue in the polypeptide chain.
Factors affecting the deformation of tungsten (a literature survey) (1978)

Background information relative to wrought tungsten forming was required in support of development studies. Seven principal areas of tungsten metallurgy were of interest: fabrication methods, delamination, recrystallization, heat treatment, fracture characteristics, impurity effects, and surface treatments. Pertinent information in Metal Abstracts from 1967 to mid 1977 was summarized for each area. Only a few papers were reviewed in their entirety; the great majority of information was derived from abstracts of the papers. 61 references.
Inhibition of p53 Transcriptional Activity by Bcl-2 Requires Its Membrane-anchoring Domain (1999)

We show here that the anti-apoptosis protein Bcl-2 potently inhibits p53-dependent transcriptional activation of various p53-responsive promoters in reporter gene co-transfection assays in human embryonic kidney 293 and MCF7 cells, without affecting nuclear accumulation of p53 protein. In contrast, Bcl-2(Deltatransmembrane (TM)), which lacks a hydrophobic membrane-anchoring domain, had no effect on p53 activity. Similarly, in MCF7 cells stably expressing either Bcl-2 or Bcl-2(DeltaTM), nuclear levels of p53 protein were up-regulated upon treatment with the DNA-damaging agents doxorubicin and UV radiation, whereas p53-responsive promoter activity and expression of p21(CIP1/WAF1) were strongly reduced in MCF7-Bcl-2 cells but not in MCF7-Bcl-2(DeltaTM) or control MCF7 cells. The issue of membrane anchoring was further explored by testing the effects of Bcl-2 chimeric proteins that contained heterologous transmembrane domains from the mitochondrial protein ActA or the endoplasmic reticulum protein cytochrome b5. Both Bcl-2(ActA) and Bcl-2(Cytob5) suppressed p53-mediated transactivation of reporter gene plasmids with efficiencies comparable to wild-type Bcl-2. These results suggest that (a) Bcl-2 not only suppresses p53-mediated apoptosis but also interferes with the transcriptional activation of p53 target genes at least in some cell lines, and (b) membrane anchoring is required for this function of Bcl-2. We speculate that membrane-anchored Bcl-2 may sequester an unknown factor necessary for p53 transcriptional activity.
Stat3 Inhibition Augments the Immunogenicity of B-cell Lymphoma Cells, Leading to Effective Antitumor Immunity (2012)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an aggressive and incurable subtype of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Although patients often respond initially to first-line treatment with chemotherapy plus monoclonal antibodies, relapse and decreased response to further lines of treatment eventually occurs. Harnessing the immune system to elicit its exquisite specificity and long-lasting protection might provide sustained MCL immunity that could potentially eradicate residual malignant cells responsible for disease relapse. Here, we show that genetic or pharmacologic disruption of Stat3 in malignant B cells augments their immunogenicity leading to better activation of antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells and restoration of responsiveness of tolerized T cells. In addition, treatment of MCL-bearing mice with a specific Stat3 inhibitor resulted in decreased Stat3 phosphorylation in malignant B cells and anti-lymphoma immunity in vivo. Our findings therefore indicate that Stat3 inhibition may represent a therapeutic strategy to overcome tolerance to tumor antigens and elicit a strong immunity against MCL and other B-cell malignancies.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaracylation of Enamines. Part 1. Synthesis of 4‐Quinolone‐3‐carboxylic Acids. (1987)

Abstract The reaction of sec. enamines (II) with benzoyl chloride derivatives leads to E/Z mixtures of vinylogous amides (e.g.
Overcoming the Stability Gap in Continual Learning (2023)

Pre-trained deep neural networks (DNNs) are being widely deployed by industry for making business decisions and to serve users; however, a major problem is model decay, where the DNN's predictions become more erroneous over time, resulting in revenue loss or unhappy users. To mitigate model decay, DNNs are retrained from scratch using old and new data. This is computationally expensive, so retraining happens only once performance significantly decreases. Here, we study how continual learning (CL) could potentially overcome model decay in large pre-trained DNNs and greatly reduce computational costs for keeping DNNs up-to-date. We identify the "stability gap" as a major obstacle in our setting. The stability gap refers to a phenomenon where learning new data causes large drops in performance for past tasks before CL mitigation methods eventually compensate for this drop. We test two hypotheses to investigate the factors influencing the stability gap and identify a method that vastly reduces this gap. In large-scale experiments for both easy and hard CL distributions (e.g., class incremental learning), we demonstrate that our method reduces the stability gap and greatly increases computational efficiency. Our work aligns CL with the goals of the production setting, where CL is needed for many applications.
Obstetric and perinatal health outcomes after pertussis vaccination during pregnancy in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective cohort study (2021)

Our results complement evidence that maternal Tdap vaccination is not associated with adverse outcomes in mothers or infants. Ongoing evaluation in Canada is needed as maternal Tdap vaccination coverage increases in coming years.
ENHANCEMENT OF MYOCARDIAL INFARCTIONS WITH NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE CONTRAST MEDIA (1984)

Wesbey, George E.; Higgins, Charles B.; Lipton, Martin J.; Brasch, Robert C.; Engelstad, Barry L.; McNamara, Michael T.; Weinmann, Hanns J.; Ehman, Richard; Sievers, Richard; Lovin, Jeffrey
Organocatalytic Enantioselective Aziridination of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes (2006)

Einfache chirale Amine katalysieren die hoch chemo- und enantioselektive Aziridinierung von α,β-ungesättigten Aldehyden zu 2-Formylaziridinen in guten Ausbeuten und mit bis zu 99 % ee. Diese organokatalytische Methode wurde zur zweistufigen asymmetrischen Synthese von β-Aminosäureestern mit leicht entfernbaren Schutzgruppen eingesetzt (siehe Schema; R1=tert-Butoxycarbonyl, Benzyloxycarbonyl). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z603810_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
3D bioprinting technology to mimic the tumor microenvironment: tumor-on-a-chip concept (2021)

Despite many advances in cancer treatment, cancer still remains a major global health problem owing to its high rate of recurrence, the tendency to metastasize, and the development of drug resistance. In addition to animal models, cancer researchers can employ in vitro tumor models to mimic in vivo tumor microenvironment with the purpose of discovering new therapeutic approaches. In order to engineer a realistic tumor microenvironment that can recapitulate not only cancer progression but also angiogenesis and metastasis, many complex interacting factors must be taken into account. Strategies based on 3D bioprinting are now being investigated, which could simulate the tumor microenvironment by bioprinting living human cells. These approaches allow the accurate placement of the normal cancer cells and bioactive macromolecules to monitor cancer progression, facilitate drug screening, and provide to design new generations of anticancer therapies. The present review summarizes progress in the area of 3D bioprinting utility for mimicking the tumor microenvironment, and studying the physicochemical/biological factors for new and improved therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
On aCPanisotropy measurement in the Dalitz plot (2009)

We describe a novel use of the Dalitz plot to probe $CP$ symmetry in three-body modes of $B$ and $D$ mesons. It is based on an observable inspired by astronomers' practice, namely the significance in the difference between corresponding Dalitz plot bins. It provides a model-independent mapping of local $CP$ asymmetries. We illustrate the method for probing $CP$ symmetry in the two complementary cases of $B$ and $D$ decays: in the former sizable or even large effects can be expected, yet have to be differentiated against leading standard model contributions, while in the latter one cannot count on sizable effects, yet has to deal with much less standard model background.