gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
REENGINEERING WATER TREATMENT UNITS FOR REMOVAL OF Sr-90, I-129, Tc-99, AND URANIUM FROM CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER AT THE DOE's SAVANNAH RIVER SITE (2000)

The 33 years of active operation of the F- and H-Area Seepage Basins to dispose of liquid low-level radioactive waste at the Department of Energy’s Savannah River Site has resulted in the contamination of the groundwater underlying these basins with a wide variety of radionuclides and stable metals. The current Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Part B permit requires the operation of a pump-and-treat system capable of 1) maintaining hydraulic control of a specified contaminated groundwater plume, 2) treatment of the extracted groundwater, and 3) reinjection of the treated water hydraulically upgradient of the basins. Two multimillion-dollar water treatment units (WTUs) were designed and built in 1997 and the basic design consists of 1) reverse osmosis concentration, 2) chemical addition, neutralization, precipitation, polymer addition, flocculation, and clarification of the reverse osmosis concentrate, and 3) final polishing of the clarified water by ion exchange (IX) and sorption. During startup of these units numerous process optimizations were identified and, therefore, the WTUs have been recently reengineered. A systematic approach of: 1) developing a technical baseline through laboratory studies, 2) scale-up and plant testing, 3) plant modification, and 4) system performance monitoring was the basis for reengineering the WTUs.
Model Predictive Control of an AFE Rectifier With Dynamic References (2011)

In this paper, a finite control set model predictive controller for closed-loop control of an active front-end rectifier is presented. The proposed method operates in discrete time and does not require additional modulators. The key novelty of the control algorithm presented lies in the way dynamic references are handled. The control strategy is capable of providing suitable references for the source active power and the rectified voltage, without requiring additional control loops. Experimental results show that fast and accurate tracking of dynamic dc voltage and reactive power references can be achieved, while respecting the restrictions on maximum power levels of the rectifier.
Interdecadal Variability in a Numerical Model of the Northeast Pacific Ocean: 1970–89 (1996)

Variations in the thermocline depth of the northeast Pacific Ocean during 1970–1989 are investigated using a reduced-gravity numerical model forced by the local surface wind stress and at the southern land-ocean boundary by a coastal Kelvin wave signal. Three experiments are presented with forcings by wind only, Kelvin wave only, and a combination of both. The wind forcing generates an anticyclonic gyre circulation with mostly annual variations. The Kelvin waves along the coast excite Rossby waves that propagate into the basin interior, producing changes in upper-layer thickness (related to changes in thermocline depth) that last for years after the Kelvin signal has passed. Two sequential upwelling Kelvin waves in 1973 and 1975 produce upwelling Rossby waves that reduce the mean upper-layer thickness by approximately 10–20 m during 1976. This shift is reinforced by later upwelling events lasting until the early 1980s. The authors present a new hypothesis that the previously known climate shift observed in winter sea surface temperature is influenced by changes in the depth of the permanent thermocline induced by remotely forced Rossby waves. Acoustic thermometry might be a sensitive means to detect Rossby waves, motivating a thermometric approach to studying interannual variations in the ocean. The role of the Rossby waves in the travel time variations of acoustic signals on geodesic paths from Hawaii to the North American coast are calculated using the scheme of Roed. Wind forcing produces mainly annual variations in the acoustic travel time anomalies, except for the high latitude paths above 40°N that exhibit sudden shifts in travel times due to changes in the magnitude of the wind stress. The Rossby waves are primarily responsible for interannual variations.
Magnetization dynamics driven by spin momentum transfer (Invited Paper) (2005)

A spin-polarized dc current can induce steady-state, microwave frequency magnetization dynamics in a nanoscale ferromagnet. The torque that drives these dynamics originates from the exchange of spin angular momentum between conduction electrons and the magnetization. We present measurements of current perpendicular to the plane (CPP) giant magnetoresistance (GMR) nanopillar devices in which this phenomenon occurs. We focus on devices that contain one reference ferromagnetic layer that has a fixed magnetization and one free ferromagnetic layer with a magnetization that responds to spin torque. The resulting spin transfer induced magnetization dynamics combined with GMR lead to resistance noise, which we measure in both the frequency- and time-domain. The appearance of these dynamical states is consistent with spin transfer in that dynamics are observed only for those combinations of current direction and magnetic configuration in which spin torque opposes the FL configuration set by the magnetic field. Furthermore, the amplitude of the resultant resistance noise increases rapidly with increasing current until saturating at a value that is a large fraction of the magnetoresistance between parallel and antiparallel states. This behaviour is contrasted with similar measurements of a current-in-plane (CIP) GMR device in which the magnetic resistance noise is thermally activated.
Advanced memory topics (2014)

This session covers wide-IO SRAM, high-performance SRAM, LPDDR DRAM, BTI, ECC, and PCM in advanced nano-scale technology.
Minimally Invasive Lateral Approach to the Thoracic Spine Case Report and Literature Overview (2015)

Background context: Alternatives to access the anterior portion of the thoracic spine include thoracotomy, thoracoscopy, and transpedicular approaches. These techniques have proven to be either extremely traumatic or to be technically difficult. Consequently, these approaches are not routinely used. The development of new monitoring systems, instruments, and implants allow conventional anterior thoracic surgery to be accomplished through a minimally disruptive way. The extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF) is one of these techniques.
Purpose: To describe a new surgical approach to the anterior thoracic spine.
Study Desing/Setting: Literature overview and case report utilizing the lateral approach to access the anterior thoracic spine.
Methods: The lateral access surgery was first developed to approach the lumbar spine. Here we present our experience using this technique to access the thoracic spine in a minimally invasive fashion.
Results: This minimally disruptive spine procedure allowed an adequate approach to the thoracic discs, with less soft tissue aggression and intra-operative bleeding, shorter operation time and hospital stay, lower postoperative pain and earlier return to work. Therefore, the potential complications with an anterior open approach were avoided, and the procedures were performed through a single, 5-6 cm incision.
Conclusion: The modification of the XLIF technique for thoracic spine is a safe and effective procedure to achieve fusion and indirect decompress the neural structures. This minimal invasive procedure allows through a single small incision the treatment of different conditions of the thoracic spine without the need of posterior supplementation and huge incisions, avoiding open approach complications and maximizing results due to less tissue trauma and adequate exposure of the thoracic discs.
A D&T roundtable: challenges for low-power and high-performance chips (1998)

Microprocessor and other lC performance continues to improve at historic rates, with no visible end in sight for the next 10 years. However, we are starting to encounter a power wall. This is true for high-performance components as well as for low-power chips with a very limited energy budget offered by batteries. We need to find ways to manage power and energy consumption on all fronts-technology, design, and architecture-without compromising performance. Otherwise, we may face discontinuation of Moore's law for the semiconductor industry in the near future. This would be triggered not by any difficulty in the scaling of process technology but by formidable barriers posed by packaging and cooling, inefficacy of power delivery, and energy constraints dictated by battery technology, which is advancing at a very lukewarm pace.
Integration of high-k gate dielectrics - Wet etch, cleaning and surface conditioning (2004)

For decades, IC manufacturing has been relying on Si-based materials - especially for the critical front-end-of-line processes. Driven by scaling requirements, the gate dielectric will have to be replaced by materials with a higher dielectric constant. These 'metaloxide' materials pose certain concerns on contamination control. Further, interface preparation (or cleaning) of the silicon substrates prior to high-k deposition is an emerging field, as the quality of the deposited layer and the scaling potential critically depend on these steps. Finally, also the selective removal of these materials after gate stack patterning is considered.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL METHYLENE COMPLEXES. VII. STUDIES ON METAL‐METAL BONDS. V. V. PREPARATION AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF A CARBONYLCOBALT COMPLEX CONTAINING A NOVEL CARBOCYCLIC μ‐METHYLENE LIGAND (1980)

Abstract Der Co‐Komplex (I) reagiert mit 2‐Diazo‐l ,3‐ dioxoindan (II) unter thermischen Bedingungen unter Bildung des kristallinen, luftstabilen zweikernigen Co‐Komplexes (III), der das von (II) abgeleitete Carben als Brückenliganden enthält.
Sliding-Window Aggregation Algorithms (2017)

Stream processing is important for analyzing continuous streams of data in real time. Sliding-window aggregation is both needed for many streaming applications and surprisingly hard to do efficiently. Picking the wrong aggregation algorithm causes poor performance, and knowledge of the right algorithms and when to use them is scarce. This paper was written to accompany a tutorial, but can be read as a stand-alone survey that aims to better educate the community about fast sliding-window aggregation algorithms for a variety of common aggregation operations and window types.
A Slowly Relaxing Rigid Biradical for Efficient Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy: Expeditious Characterization of Functional Group Manipulation in Hybrid Materials (2011)

A new nitroxide-based biradical having a long electron spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1e)) has been developed as an exogenous polarization source for DNP solid-state NMR experiments. The performance of this new biradical is demonstrated on hybrid silica-based mesostructured materials impregnated with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane radical containing solutions, as well as in frozen bulk solutions, yielding DNP enhancement factors (ε) of over 100 at a magnetic field of 9.4 T and sample temperatures of ~100 K. The effects of radical concentration on the DNP enhancement factors and on the overall sensitivity enhancements (Σ(†)) are reported. The relatively high DNP efficiency of the biradical is attributed to an increased T(1e), which enables more effective saturation of the electron resonance. This new biradical is shown to outperform the polarizing agents used so far in DNP surface-enhanced NMR spectroscopy of materials, yielding a 113-fold increase in overall sensitivity for silicon-29 CPMAS spectra as compared to conventional NMR experiments at room temperature. This results in a reduction in experimental times by a factor >12,700, making the acquisition of (13)C and (15)N one- and two-dimensional NMR spectra at natural isotopic abundance rapid (hours). It has been used here to monitor a series of chemical reactions carried out on the surface functionalities of a hybrid organic-silica material.
THE EFFECT OF AMPHOTERICIN B DERIVATIVES ON LEISHMANIA AND IMMUNE FUNCTIONS (2005)

The effects of a water-soluble amphotericin B (AmB)-arabinogalactan (AG) conjugate on several immune functions were investigated. The experiments measured the effects of AmB-AG on (1) release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), nitric oxide (NO), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) from phagocytic cells and (2) cell-mediated immune responses. AmB-AG increased TNF-alpha release from mouse peritoneal macrophages and human monocytes but had no effect on IFN-gamma and NO release. A commercial preparation of nonconjugated AmB (Fungizone) also increased TNF-alpha production, but to a lesser extent than AmB-AG. AG alone had no effect on TNF-alpha production, proving that AmB caused the increased TNF-alpha production. AmB-AG and Fungizone were also tested for their effect on B- and T-cell proliferation. Neither compound altered T-lymphocyte responses to concanavalin A, but both inhibited the stimulation of B lymphocytes by lipopolysaccharides. However, Fungizone showed a stronger inhibitory effect on B cells. Allocytotoxicity was also inhibited by AmB-AG and more strongly by Fungizone. The increased production of TNF-alpha by cells treated with AmB-AG and the lower inhibitory effect of AmB-AG on lymphocyte stimulation and allocytotoxicity, as compared with Fungizone, explain the better therapeutic efficacy of the AmB-polysaccharide conjugate. AmB is active because of its preferential binding to ergosterol rather than cholesterol, the former sterol preferentially present in parasite surface membranes. This is also valid for the axenic amastigotes, which were sensitive to the AmB-AG. Overall, our results suggest that the antileishmanial activity of AmB-AG is mediated both directly and via modulation of immune functions.
Research and Development of Vaccines for Alzheimer's Disease (2019)

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is a degenerative neurological disease including memory loss, language problems, and unpredictable behavior. AD is a growing concern as it appears almost exclusively in older adults. The number of cases will also increase as the number of older people rises. AD is a progressive condition, that is, the symptoms develop gradually over many years and eventually become more severe. It has not been made into a medicine to prevent or cure the disease although many studies have been conducted to overcome AD. The causes of AD are not fully understood and research continues to examine factors involved in the development of Alzheimer's disease. Pathological hallmarks of AD are plaques composed of accumulated amyloid ? peptide (A?) and neurofibrillary tangles due to the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. In this context, A? and tau are considered as causes of AD, and studies on vaccines targeting them have been carried out. This review introduces studies on research and development of vaccines targeting A? and tau.
Quick and dirty sequencing for mixed-model multi-level JIT systems (1992)

Abstract We extend an intuitive level part usage measure to the multi-level case and provide a practical yet powerful algorithm. The measure assigns an ideal due-date to each unit of each part type of each level and sums the squared deviation between these ideal due-dates and the actual completion times. The algorithm schedules the final products in earliest ideal due-date order. This algorithm entirely ignores the lower levels and is consequently extremely fast. Surprisingly, in addition to being many times faster than other algorithms, this quick and dirty algorithm performs very well with respect to both the new ideal due-date measure and the multi-level goal-chasing measure.
Dynamic interlaminar and thalamocortical interaction supported by top-down beta rhythms (2015)

The neocortex, as a great majority of the cerebral cortex, conceals multiple bands of oscillations recorded in local field potentials (LFPs), which are associated with different neural circuits and their corresponding brain functions. Not only are the complex neural connections in this area significant factors in the emergence of the cortical oscillations, but the inputs from the thalamus to the cortex along with cortical projections to dorsal thalamic nuclei and to the thalamic reticular nucleus as a part of the ventral nuclei as well. These cortical oscillations are related to sensory processing, memory, cognition, and motor control. Here, we developed a functional simulation model of the basic thalamocortical - corticothalamic loop architecture with detailed cortical laminar structure and a diverse set of neuron types. Our model generates prominent β oscillations, and demonstrates the role of the time-varying bottom up inputs in the dynamics of β oscillation in different layers of the cortex. Through excitatory top-down β signals, which were strongly modulated based on frontal attentional inputs, two states were also modeled: Attended and Non-Attended.
Stimulated emission in single-walled carbon nanotubes (2003)

We demonstrate stimulated emission at wavelengths near 1053 nm in isolated single-walled carbon nanotubes which are optically pumped at wavelengths of 700–950 nm. Studies of pump-probe wavelength and power dependencies are presented and investigations of pump-probe polarization, nanotube concentration, and various control samples are discussed.
Synthesis of Oligoenes that Contain up to 15 Double Bonds from 1,6-Heptadiynes (2006)

This paper reports the synthesis of polyene oligomers ("oligoenes") that contain up to 15 double bonds that are identical to the "all five-membered ring" species formed through cyclopolymerization of diisopropyldipropargylmalonate. The oligoenes contain an isopropylidene unit at each end. The isolated oligoenes range from the "dimer" (a pentaene, (E)-di-1,2-[1-(2-methyl-propenyl)-4,4-di-iso-propyl-carboxy-cyclopent-1-enyl]-ethene (3b2)) to the "heptamer" (3b7, a pentadecaene). Oligoenes 3b2, 3b3, 3b4, 3b5, and 3b7 were prepared through Wittig-like reactions between aldehydes and the appropriate monometallic Mo alkylidene or bimetallic Mo bisalkylidene species whose alkylidene is derived from an identical five-membered ring monomeric unit. Compounds 3b2, 3b4, and 3b6 were prepared through McMurry coupling reactions of aldehydes. A representative aldehyde (the "monomeric" aldehyde) is diisopropyl-3-formyl-4-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopent-3-ene-1,1-dicarboxylate (2b), McMurry coupling of which yields 3b2. A heptaene that contains a six-membered ring in the central unit also was prepared in a Wittig-like reaction involving a bimetallic Mo alkylidene; this species is a model for oligoenes that contain both six-membered and five-membered rings. X-ray structures of two bimetallic species that are employed in the synthesis of the oligoenes are reported.
Control of Camless Intake Process: Part II (1999)

Abstract A model-based control scheme is designed to regulate the cylinder air charge of a camless multicylinder engine for unthrottled operation. The controller consists of a feedforward and an adaptive feedback scheme based on a control-oriented model of the breathing process of an engine equipped with electro-hydraulic springless valve-train. The nonlinear control scheme is designed to achieve cylinder-to-cylinder balancing, fast cycle-to-cycle response, and minimization of pumping losses. The algorithm uses conventional sensor measurements of intake manifold pressure and mass air flow to the intake manifold, and intake valve duration measurement. Closed loop simulation results are shown for a four cylinder engine.
Supplementary Figures S1 - S6, Tables S1 - S2 from First Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of FGFR4 for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinomas with an Activated FGFR4 Signaling Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Potency against FGFR family and kinome selectivity. Supplementary Figure S2. Kinases with a cysteine at the equivalent position to Cys552 in FGFR4. Supplementary Figure S3. MALDI Mass Spectrometry of FGFR4. Supplementary Figure S4. Induction of Caspase 3/7 activity in Hep 3B cells. Supplementary Figure S5. FGFR4 turnover rates in Hep 3B cells. Supplementary Figure S6. Analysis of TCGA HCC samples. Supplementary Table S1. Kinetic parameters of FGFR4 inhibition by BLU9931. Supplementary Table S2. Pharmacokinetic parameters for BLU9931.&lt;/p&gt;
Heart ablation using a planar rectangular high intensity focused ultrasound transducer and MRI guidance (2011)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a flat rectangular (3×10 mm2) MRI compatible transducer operating at 5 MHz in creating deep lesions in heart at a depth of at least 15 mm.The size of thermal necrosis in heart tissue was estimated as a function of power and time using a simulation model. The system was then tested in freshly excised heart of pig and lamb.In this study we were able to create lesions 15 mm deep with an acoustic power of 6W for an exposure of approximately one minute. The contrast to noise ratio (CNR) between lesion and heart tissue was evaluated using Fast Spin Echo (FSE). With T1W FSE the CNR value was approximately 22. Maximum CNR was achieved with repetition times (TR) between 300 and 800 ms. With T2W FSE the corresponding CNR was approximately 13. The transducer was tested in rabbits in vivo and despite the motion of the heart; it was possible to create thermal lesions.
Figure S3 from Unbiased Metabolic Profiling Predicts Sensitivity of High MYC-Expressing Atypical Teratoid/Rhabdoid Tumors to Glutamine Inhibition with 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-L-Norleucine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Response of high and low MYC cell lines to DON treatment&lt;/p&gt;
Gait adaptations by patients who have a deficient anterior cruciate ligament. (1990)

Sixteen patients who had unilateral deficiency of the anterior cruciate ligament and ten healthy control subjects were analyzed during level walking, jogging, and ascending and descending stairs. Kinematic and kinetic findings for the right and left hips, knees, and ankles of all of the patients and control subjects were recorded during each activity. Substantial differences from normal function were observed for both limbs of the patients during level walking and during jogging. The magnitude of the maximum moment that tended to flex the knee was reduced the most (140 per cent) during level walking. It was reduced less (30 per cent) during jogging, it was not changed while the patient descended stairs, and it was slightly increased while he or she ascended stairs. The reduction in the magnitude of the flexion moment about the knee was interpreted as the patient's effort to reduce or avoid contraction of the quadriceps. Reduction of the flexion moment reduces any contraction of the quadriceps because there must be a mechanical balance between the external moment (due to body weight and the weight and inertia of the segment of the limb) that tends to flex the knee and an internal moment (generated by contraction of the quadriceps) that tends to extend the knee. This so-called quadriceps-avoidance gait was related to the angle of flexion of the knee when the maximum flexion moment occurred during each activity. This angle of flexion was 20 degrees during walking, 40 degrees during jogging, and approximately 60 degrees during stair-climbing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)