gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evident lower blood levels of multiple nutritional compounds and highly prevalent malnutrition in sub-acute stroke patients with or without dysphagia (2023)

This study shows that malnutrition is highly prevalent in sub-acute stroke patients during rehabilitation. Even though patients with OD were more likely to be malnourished, blood levels of specific nutritional compounds were similarly lower in stroke patients with or without OD compared to healthy reference subjects. Furthermore, subgroup analysis showed similarly lower blood levels of specific nutritional compounds in patients that are normal nourished <i>vs</i>. patients with (risk of) malnutrition. This might imply disease-specific changes in blood levels on top of overall protein-energy malnutrition. The results of the current study underline that it is important to screen for nutritional impairments in every stroke patient, either with or without OD.
Numerical Simulation of a Turbulent Jet Diffusion Flame by a Hybrid PDF Method. (2001)

A hybrid probability density function (PDF) method has been developed so as to analyze turbulent diffusion flames, devoting to only PDF's of the mixture fraction, based on the conserved scalar approach. To evaluate the potentiality of the method, a turbulent jet diffusion flame has been calculated by this method and also the presumed PDF method called the flamelet model to compare those results with experimental results. The hybrid PDF method is able to evaluate the process of inhomogeneous turbulent mixing, while the flamelet model overestimates the scalar turbulent mixing, as the presumed PDF assumption ignoring the inhomogeneous mixing. The accuracy of the estimation of the flow field is crucial for the hybrid PDF method, whereas the underestimation of the turbulent kinetic energy by the k-ε 2 equation model used in the present study leads to the underestimation of the scalar turbulent mixing.
Immunodominant Minor Histocompatibility Antigen-Specific T Lymphocytes Eradicate BCR-ABL-Induced B-ALL and CML without Causing Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Mice. (2006)

Abstract Adoptive immunotherapy of human Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) leukemia has not been effective due to difficulties of identifying tumor-specific antigens for the disease. It has been reported that T lymphocytes activated by some minor histocompatibility antigens (mHAs) can efficiently treat mice receiving HL4 cells (a leukemia cell line) without causing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We investigated whether this anti-mHA immunotherapeutic strategy is applicable to treating Ph+ leukemia that includes B-ALL (B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia) and CML (chronic myeloid leukemia). Because the mHA, H60, is an immunodominant mHA among H7, H28, and H58 in mice (Choi et al, Immunity 17:593–603, 2002), we tested whether H60 can serve as an immunotherapeutic target in the treatment of B-ALL and CML in our retroviral bone marrow transduction/transplantation disease models (Li et al, J Exp Med189:1399–1412, 1999). We used C57BL/6-H60 congenic mouse splenocytes to immunize wild type C57BL/6 (B6) mice that do not have the H60 gene, and the activated T lymphocytes from the immunized B6 mice were injected into mice with BCR-ABL-induced B-ALL or CML (3×107 cells/mouse). We found that H60-specific T lymphocytes at a single dose completely eliminated leukemic cells within 10 days after the injection of the cells and cured B-ALL and CML, however, in mice receiving donor bone marrow cells transduced with empty vector and treated with H60-specific T lymphocytes, the non-BCR-ABL-expressing donor marrow cells lasted for more than 4 weeks, suggesting that H60-activated T lymphocytes have much stronger inhibitory effect on BCR-ABL-expressing leukemic cells than on normal marrow cells. In contrast, leukemia mice receiving naïve T lymphocytes died within 3 to 4 weeks post BCR-ABL induction of leukemia. Six months later, no residual leukemia cells were detected in the spleen and bone morrow of the leukemia mice receiving H60-activated T lymphocytes. In addition, no GVHD was observed in the mice. We also use H7/H28/H60 triple congenic B6 mice in our study, and found that H7/H28/H60-primed T lymphocytes were more effective in elimination of leukemia cells in mice compared with when the single H60 antigen was used in similar experiment. Especially, the H7/H28/H60-primed T lymphocytes were highly effective in treating B-ALL mice, and did not induce GVHD. These results indicate that mHAs are promising targets for immunotherapy of BCR-ABL-induced B-ALL and CML.
Understanding the Cross-Talk between Ovarian Tumors and Immune Cells: Mechanisms for Effective Immunotherapies (2011)

Despite decades of research, ovarian cancer remains a lethal disease. Recent studies have reported the critical role played by the immune system in controlling growth and spread of ovarian tumors. Accordingly, immunotherapy has been indicated as the most likely successful new approach in the treatment of the disease. Unfortunately, ovarian cancer triggers immune inhibitory mechanisms that hamper anti-tumor responses. Therefore, future immunotherapies should be able to overcome these obstacles. Here we review the basic mechanisms of tumor immune surveillance with a particular focus on ovarian cancer, and we discuss cutting-edge strategies to promote immune system eradication of ovarian tumors.
Optical fiber for deep ultraviolet light (2001)

Deep ultraviolet optical fibers are fabricated using modified SiO/sub 2/ glasses containing 2000-ppm fluorine for the clad and 200 ppm for the core. The transmission at 193 nm is improved to more than 60%/m by optimizing the fiber drawing condition. The H/sub 2/-inpregnation into the fiber suppresses the degradation of the transmission by irradiation of ArF excimer laser (50 mJ/cm/sup 2//pulse). Further improvement may be expected by reducing oxygen-deficient center (I) defect generation in the drawing process.
Power Production by Linear Wave Energy Converters of Point Absorber Type with Vertical Cylindrical Buoys during Various Sea States (2014)

Two wave energy converters (WEC) were deployed near the city of Lysekil as part of Uppsala University's wave energy project. The converters were electrically identical and mechanically very similar ...
Development of Highly-Sensitive Electrochemical Measurement System on Dry Chemistry Using Ionic Liquid (2013)

It is necessary to detect some disease marker molecules in body fluid in order to find out the disease in an early stage. Most of conventional chemical sensors seem to have problems in terms of sensitivity. We have focused on substitutional stripping voltammetry (SSV), which is highly-sensitive electrochemical measurement technique and been developing a sensor. However, it is impossible for conventional SSV to be applied for sensor without any treatment due to the complexities that SSV requires salt bridge and two electrochemical cells. Hydrophobic ionic liquid which is room-temperature molten salt was mixed with polymer. The obtained gel possessed ionic conductivity, and could replace the auxiliary electrolyte solution and the salt bridge for SSV. We have succeeded to conduct SSV in a simplified system by use of the gel.
Impedance matching and implementation of planar space-filling dipoles as intraocular implanted antennas in a retinal prosthesis (2005)

In this work, an extremely compact planar meander line dipole is designed and implemented for use as an intraocular element in a retinal prosthesis. This planar meander dipole antenna exhibits a high degree of current vector alignment and is impedance matched by inducing a current phase reversal along its length. This current phase reversal is induced by a minor offset in feed location which yields a highly directive broadside radiation pattern on this particular planar antenna geometry. This concept is applied in designing and implementing a 6/spl times/6 mm planar compact wire dipole at 1.4 GHz as the intraocular element for the data telemetry link of a retinal prosthesis. Coupling measurements between an external microstrip patch antenna and the intraocular wire dipole are presented and compared with those obtained with intraocular microstrip patch antennas in place of the wire dipole. It is demonstrated that such compact meander dipoles can perform better than previously reported microstrip patch antennas as intraocular elements for a retinal prosthesis.
Automatic alignment of renal DCE-MRI image series for improvement of quantitative tracer kinetic studies (2008)

Tracer kinetic modeling with dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and the quantification of the kinetic parameters are active fields of research which have the potential to improve the measurement of renal function. However, the strong coronal motion of the kidney in the time series inhibits an accurate assessment of the kinetic parameters. Automatic motion correction is challenging due to the large movement of the kidney and the strong intensity changes caused by the injected bolus. In this work, we improve the quantification results by a template matching motion correction method using a gradient-based similarity measure. Thus, a tedious manual motion correction is replaced by an automatic procedure. The only remaining user interaction is reduced to a selection of a reference slice and a coarse manual segmentation of the kidney in this slice. These steps do not present an overhead to the interaction needed for the assessment of the kinetic parameters. In order to achieve reliable and fast results, we constrain the degrees of freedom for the correction method as far as possible. Furthermore, we compare our method to deformable registration using the same similarity measure. In all our tests, the presented template matching correction was superior to the deformable approach in terms of reliability, leading to more accurate parameter quantification. The evaluation on 10 patient data series with 180-230 images each demonstrate that the quantitative analysis by a two-compartment model can be improved by our method.
Fiduciary relations in a commercial setting (2022)

In the Earl of Oxford’s Case1 Ellesmere C explained the reason for the court of Chancery: […] that men’s actions are so diverse and infinite that it is impossible to make a general law which may aptly meet with every particular and not fail in some circumstances. The office of the chancellor is to correct men’s conscience for frauds, breaches of trust, wrongs and oppressions of what nature soever they be, and to soften and mollify the extremity of the law. It is the height of irony that courts which originated to provide an escape from the defects of the common law should become bedevilled by procedural defects of their own, highlighted by Dickens in Bleak House. This led to procedural reform culminating in the Judicature Acts 1873 which resulted in the abolition of the old courts and the transfer of their jurisdiction to the new High Court of Justice. Thus, the division of function and principles between the Court of Chancery and the common law courts was no more. Procedural fusion was the main objective. The Acts’ promoters envisaged fusion at a deeper level. Section 25 of the Judicature Act 1873 contains provisions to resolve clashes between legal and equitable rules. These include the provision in section 25(11) that in the event of conflict or variance, rules of equity “shall prevail”.2 Maitland points out that the provision is based on a misapprehension. Law and equity were never in conflict or variance because equity was not a self-sufficient system; at every point, equity presupposed the existence of the common law.3
150 Effect of Stimulation Parameters on Visual Percepts Elicited by Stimulation of a Visual Cortical Prosthesis for the Blind (2017)

Niketeghad, Soroush; Muralidharan, Abirami; Patel, Uday; Dorn, Jessy; Greenberg, Robert; Pouratian, Nader MD, PhD
Concussion in Professional Football: Helmet Testing to Assess Impact Performance—Part 11 (2005)

The proposed NOCSAE standard is the first to address helmet performance in reducing concussion risks in football. Helmet performance has improved with thicker padding and fuller coverage by the shell. However, there remains a challenge for innovative designs that reduce risks in the 11.2 m/s elite impact condition.
Abstract 4844: Development of an oxygen consumption rate assay for a standard plate reader (2023)

Abstract Cells generate ATP by two metabolic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis. Together, the amount of ATP generated by both OXPHOS and glycolysis define a cell’s metabolic phenotype and fitness. Researchers are interested in methods to characterize cellular metabolic fitness, which can be a powerful a selection criterion for cell-based therapies such as CAR-T cell therapy. Researchers are also interested in measuring the effects of drug treatment on metabolic fitness, to identify metabolic targets for cancer therapeutics and to determine mitochondrial toxicity of novel therapeutics. Here, we have developed a low-cost strategy for a standard plate reader to monitor the rate change of oxygen concentration, or the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which is a measure of OXPHOS activity. In our assay, oxygen quenches a phosphorescent porphyrin dye in a concentration dependent manner, allowing one to calculate the oxygen concentration of the culture system with the Stern-Volmer relationship. The porphyrin dye is embedded within nanobeads that are suspended above the cell monolayer and the phosphorescence of the beads is measured from the bottom of the well with a standard plate reader. We found that the OCR increased with cell seeding density in three separate cell lines: HEP-G2, HCT-116, and K-562 suspension cells. We showed that inhibitors of the electron transport chain (ETC) decreased OCR, whereas an uncoupler of the electron transport chain, FCCP, increased OCR in a dose dependent manner. Lastly, mitochondrial fitness (e.g., spare respiratory capacity) was determined by sequentially dosing the mitochondria with poisons specific to the different ETC complexes. Citation Format: Ian Marozas, Zhiyang Zeng, Mike Valley, Jolanta Vidugiriene, James Cali, Wenhui Zhou. Development of an oxygen consumption rate assay for a standard plate reader. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4844.
Inclusion of Plasma Lipid Species Improves Classification of Individuals at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2013)

Plasma lipid species can improve the performance of classification models based on standard lipid and non-lipid risk factors.
The CD19 Molecule is Crucial for MID‐Dependent Activation of Tonsillar B Cells from Children (2005)

The Moraxella immunoglobulin (Ig) D-binding protein (MID) induces a strong proliferative response in human peripheral blood IgD+ B cells from adults isolated by positive selection using anti-CD19-conjugated microbeads. Here, we show that tonsillar B cells from children isolated with positive selection are unable to respond to MID stimulation. The proliferative response was very low or absent at various concentrations of MID tested and at different time points analysed, whereas the MID response of tonsillar B cells from adults isolated with positive selection was considerably higher. Tonsillar B cells from children isolated with positive selection responded to formalin-fixed preparations of Moraxella catarrhalis and Staphylococcus aureus Cowan strain I. In comparison to cells isolated with positive selection, a much higher proliferative response was recorded in tonsillar B cells from children isolated with negative selection, indicating that occupation of the CD19 molecule (i.e. positive selection) inhibited the response. Indeed, the addition of anti-CD19 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) to MID-activated tonsillar B cells from children isolated with negative selection strongly inhibited the proliferative response. In contrast, anti-CD21 MoAb at the same concentration did only show a minor inhibition on the MID-induced response. Pre-incubation of tonsillar B cells isolated from children with anti-CD19 or anti-CD21 MoAb did not affect the binding of biotin-conjugated MID as analysed by flow cytometry. These results suggest that MID-activated tonsillar B cells from children have a strong requirement for signalling through the CD19 molecule. Future experiments will further reveal the importance of CD19 and possibly other molecules for optimal activation of tonsillar B cells isolated from both children and adults.
Unravelling the immune signature of Plasmodium falciparum transmission-reducing immunity (2018)

Infection with Plasmodium can elicit antibodies that inhibit parasite survival in the mosquito, when they are ingested in an infectious blood meal. Here, we determine the transmission-reducing activity (TRA) of naturally acquired antibodies from 648 malaria-exposed individuals using lab-based mosquito-feeding assays. Transmission inhibition is significantly associated with antibody responses to Pfs48/45, Pfs230, and to 43 novel gametocyte proteins assessed by protein microarray. In field-based mosquito-feeding assays the likelihood and rate of mosquito infection are significantly lower for individuals reactive to Pfs48/45, Pfs230 or to combinations of the novel TRA-associated proteins. We also show that naturally acquired purified antibodies against key transmission-blocking epitopes of Pfs48/45 and Pfs230 are mechanistically involved in TRA, whereas sera depleted of these antibodies retain high-level, complement-independent TRA. Our analysis demonstrates that host antibody responses to gametocyte proteins are associated with reduced malaria transmission efficiency from humans to mosquitoes.
Compact Translating-Head Magnetic Memories (1992)

Stationary magnetic media stores information at densities up to 6.5 Gb/cm(Sup 2). High-density memory devices combine features of advanced rotating-disk magnetic recording and playback systems with compact two-axis high-acceleration linear actuators. New devices weigh less, occupy less space, and consume less power than disk and tape recorders.
Bromate minimization during ozonation (1997)

A study of BrO 3 ‐ and TOBr production during ozonation indicates that both can be controlled by decreasing HO· and HOBr/OBr ‐ concentrations. Significant levels of both bromate (BrO 3 ‐ ) and brominated organics, measured as total organic bromine (TOBr), form during ozonation of water containing bromide and natural organic matter (NOM). Ozonation of several ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membrane NOM isolates leads to approximately 17 percent of the bromide converting to bromate and 7 percent to TOBr. Depressing pH or adding hydroxyl radical scavengers decreases BrO 3 ‐ production but promotes TOBr formation. In the presence of NOM, hydrogen peroxide addition lowers TOBr formation and may increase or decrease BrO 3 ‐ formation, depending on other water quality factors. Ammonia addition decreases both BrO 3 ‐ and TOBr production. Both BrO 3 ‐ production and TOBr production decrease when the initial bromide concentration is decreased and the ratio of ozone dosage to dissolved organic carbon is lowered.
A semi-blind technique for MIMO channel matrix estimation (2003)

In this work we present a semi-blind algorithm for the estimation of a flat-fading MIMO channel matrix H. The algorithm is based on a decomposition of the channel matrix H as the product of a whitening matrix W and a unitary matrix Q. The whitening matrix can be estimated blindly from all received data. Several techniques are then suggested to estimate the optimum rotation matrix from training samples. Since it uses both blind and training data, the algorithm is semi-blind in nature. Theoretical results show that estimation of the channel matrix based on estimating only the Q matrix from pilot data can perform more efficiently than estimating H directly from the pilot data. However, performance of the technique depends on the accuracy with which W is estimated and is found to typically perform well in low SNR and fading environments.
Unexpected Diversity in the Fine Specificity of Monoclonal Antibodies That Use the Same V Region Gene to Glucuronoxylomannan of Cryptococcus neoformans (2004)

Most mAbs to the capsular polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) of Cryptococcus neoformans are generated from the same VH and VL gene families. Prior Ab studies have assessed protective efficacy, Id structure and binding to capsular polysaccharides, and peptide mimetics. These data have been interpreted as indicating that most mAbs to GXM have the same specificity. A new approach to Ab specificity analysis was investigated that uses genetic manipulation to generate C. neoformans variants with structurally different capsules. C. neoformans mutants expressing GXM with defective O-acetylation were isolated and complemented by the C. neoformans gene CAS1, which is necessary for the O-acetylation of GXM. The mAbs exhibited differences in their binding to the GXM from these mutant strains, indicating previously unsuspected differences in specificity. Analysis of three closely related IgMs revealed that one (mAb 12A1) bound to an epitope that did not require O-acetylation, another (mAb 21D2) was inhibited by O-acetylation, and the third (mAb 13F1) recognized an O-acetylation-dependent conformational epitope. Furthermore, an IgG Ab (mAb 18B7) in clinical development retained binding to de-O-acetylated polysaccharide; however, greater binding was observed to O-acetylated GXM. Our findings suggest that microbial genetic techniques can provide a new approach for epitope mapping of polysaccharide-binding Abs and suggest that this method may applicable for studying the antigenic complexity of polysaccharide Ags in other capsulated microorganisms.
Prion Formation and Polyglutamine Aggregation Are Controlled by Two Classes of Genes (2011)

Prions are self-perpetuating aggregated proteins that are not limited to mammalian systems but also exist in lower eukaryotes including yeast. While much work has focused around chaperones involved in prion maintenance, including Hsp104, little is known about factors involved in the appearance of prions. De novo appearance of the [PSI+] prion, which is the aggregated form of the Sup35 protein, is dramatically enhanced by transient overexpression of SUP35 in the presence of the prion form of the Rnq1 protein, [PIN+]. When fused to GFP and overexpressed in [ps⁻] [PIN+] cells, Sup35 forms fluorescent rings, and cells with these rings bud off [PSI+] daughters. We investigated the effects of over 400 gene deletions on this de novo induction of [PSI+]. Two classes of gene deletions were identified. Class I deletions (bug1Δ, bem1Δ, arf1Δ, and hog1Δ) reduced the efficiency of [PSI+] induction, but formed rings normally. Class II deletions (las17Δ, vps5Δ, and sac6Δ) inhibited both [PSI+] induction and ring formation. Furthermore, class II deletions reduced, while class I deletions enhanced, toxicity associated with the expanded glutamine repeats of the huntingtin protein exon 1 that causes Huntington's disease. This suggests that prion formation and polyglutamine aggregation involve a multi-phase process that can be inhibited at different steps.