gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge-preserving models and efficient algorithms for ill-posed inverse problems in image processing (1997)

The goal of this research is to develop detail and edge-preserving image models to characterize natural images. Using these image models, we have developed efficient unsupervised algorithms for solving ill-posed inverse problems in image processing applications. The first part of this research deals with parameter estimation of fixed resolution Markov random field (MRF) models. This is an important problem since without a method to estimate the model parameters in an unsupervised fashion, one has to reconstruct the unknown image for several values of the model parameters and then visually choose between the results. We have shown that for a broad selection of MRF models and problem settings, it is possible to estimate the model parameters directly from the data using the EM algorithm. We have proposed a fast simulation technique and an extrapolation method to compute the estimates in a few iterations. Experimental results indicate that these fast algorithms substantially reduce computation and result in good parameter estimates for real tomographic data sets. The second part of this research deals with formulating a functional substitution approach for efficient computation of the MAP estimate for emission and transmission tomography. The new method retains the fast convergence of a recently proposed Newton-Raphson method and is globally convergent. The third part of this research deals with formulating non-homogeneous models. Non-homogeneous models have been largely ignored in the past since there was no effective means of estimating the large number of model parameters. We have tackled this problem in the multiresolution framework, where the space-varying model parameters at any resolution are estimated from the coarser resolution image. Experimental results on real tomographic data sets and optical flow estimation results on real image sequences demonstrate that the multiresolution non-homogeneous model results in cleaner and sharper images as compared to the fixed resolution homogeneous model. Moreover, the superior quality is achieved at no additional computational cost. The last part of this research deals with efficient image reconstruction from time-resolved diffusion data, which employs a finite-difference approach to solve the diffusion equation and adjoint differentiation to compute the gradient of the cost criterion. The intended application is medical optical tomography.
Controller placement strategies for a resilient SDN control plane (2016)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) provides efficient network control and management by introducing a logically centralized control plane. However, outsourcing of the control plane intelligence to an SDN controller requires reliable switch-to-controller connection. This paper presents two strategies to address the Reliable Controller Placement (RCP) problem, which protect the control plane against single link and node failures and provide seamless failover by exploiting the principles of resilient routing. The first approach considers that switches have to be connected to a controller over two Disjoint Control Paths (RCP-DCP). The second approach considers that switches have to be connected to two Different Controller Replicas (RCP-DCR) over two disjoint paths. Both approaches are finding working and protection control paths of minimum length to enable fast and efficient failover. The two models have been compared with respect to the unprotected scenario, in terms of control path length, expected control path loss in different failure scenarios and average control path availability. The results show that both models RCP-DCP and RCP-DCR improve significantly the resilience of the control plane, while adding very limited penalty to the average control path length. If link failures are the dominating failures, both RCP-DCP and RCP-DCR offer similar performance and the best strategy depends on the topological characteristics and the number of the controllers in the network. RCP-DCR provides additional protection against controller failures and it shows better performance when node failures are dominating or are comparable to link failures.
Large-Scale Analysis of Dynamics of Choice Among Discrete Alternatives (2015)

The online world is rife with scenarios in which a user must select one from a finite set of alternatives: which movie to watch, which song to play, which camera to order, which website to visit. There is a long history of study of these types of questions in economics, machine learning, marketing, and psychology. However, historically the study of choice was limited to relatively modest data scales. Today, we have access to large-scale datasets providing insights into the choices of large populations of users faced with a wide variety of sets of alternatives. From such data, we are beginning to develop more detailed models of how users weigh alternatives and make selections.
BABEL: Bodies, Action and Behavior with English Labels (2021)

Understanding the semantics of human movement – the what, how and why of the movement – is an important problem that requires datasets of human actions with semantic labels. Existing datasets take one of two approaches. Large-scale video datasets contain many action labels but do not contain ground-truth 3D human motion. Alternatively, motion-capture (mocap) datasets have precise body motions but are limited to a small number of actions. To address this, we present BABEL, a large dataset with language labels describing the actions being performed in mocap sequences. BABEL consists of language labels for over 43 hours of mocap sequences from AMASS, containing over 250 unique actions. Each action label in BABEL is precisely aligned with the duration of the corresponding action in the mocap sequence. BABELalso allows overlap of multiple actions, that may each span different durations. This results in a total of over 66000 action segments. The dense annotations can be leveraged for tasks like action recognition, temporal localization, motion synthesis, etc. To demonstrate the value of BABEL as a benchmark, we evaluate the performance of models on 3D action recognition. We demonstrate that BABEL poses interesting learning challenges that are applicable to real-world scenarios, and can serve as a useful benchmark for progress in 3D action recognition. The dataset, baseline methods, and evaluation code are available and supported for academic research purposes at https://babel.is.tue.mpg.de/.
Phagocytic cells metabolize 25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 to 10‐oxo‐19‐nor‐25‐hydroxyvitamin D3 and a new metabolite, 8α,25‐dihydroxy‐9, 10‐seco‐4,6,10(19)‐cholestatrien‐3‐one (1987)

The metabolism of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3] was examined in several phagocytic cells including alveolar macrophages and myeloid leukemia cells (M1, HL-60 and U937). Phagocytic cells converted 25(OH)D3 to 10-oxo-19-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and a new metabolite. The former metabolite was dominant in shorter incubation periods (1 h), whereas the latter dominated over longer incubation periods (24 h). The new metabolite was produced from 25(OH)D3 directly but not through 10-oxo-19-nor-25-hydroxyvitamin D3. The new metabolite was unequivocally identified as 8 alpha,25-dihydroxy-9-10-seco-4,6,10(19)-cholestatrien-3-one. These results suggest that phagocytic cells somehow promote oxidation of the triene part of vitamin D compounds.
<title>Instrumentation for real-time dynamic optical tomography</title> (2001)

Presented are the operating characteristics of an integrated CW-near infrared tomographic imaging system capable of fast data collection and producing 2D/3D images of optical contrast features that exhibit dynamic behavior in tissue and other highly scattering media in real time. Results of preliminary in vivo studies on healthy and cancerous breast tissue are shown.
Who's Afraid of Degrees of Truth? (2008)

Abstract This chapter considers objections to the fuzzy view of vagueness in particular, and to degree-theoretic treatments of vagueness in general. These objections are that the very idea of truth coming in degrees is in some way confused or mistaken; that fuzzy theory involves an objectionable violation of classical logic; that degrees of truth cannot be integrated with key developments elsewhere in philosophy of language, outside the study of vagueness; that degree theories which treat the logical connectives as truth functions cannot account for ordinary usage of, and/or intuitions about the truth and/or assertibility of, compound sentences about borderline cases; and that denying bivalence leads to contradiction.
The Elliptic Polarity of Screws (1985)

The nature and invariant properties of the elliptic polarity of screws in Euclidean space is established using a novel series of mappings, central to which is a quaternion representation. The role of the elliptic polarity in modeling constrained motion is detailed and illustrated by way of an example which has application in the control of robot manipulators. Ball’s planar representation of the two system of screws is generalized and is shown to be a representation on a complex plane where the elliptic polarity is a conformal mapping.
Gain and noise characteristics of erbium-doped fiber amplifier pumped at 1530 nm (1996)

Summary form only given. In this report, we will show the result of a basic measurement about an 1530-nm pumped Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA). We backward pumped an EDFA at 1533 nm, and measured its gain and noise characteristics.
Modulation of charge carrier mobility by side-chain engineering of bi(thienylenevinylene)thiophene containing PPE–PPVs (2016)

A dramatic effect of octyloxy side-chains on charge carrier mobility of new PPE–PPVs incorporating lateral bi(thienylenevinylene)thiophene units was observed.
Combinatorial study of exciplex formation at the interface between two wide band gap organic semiconductors (2006)

Combinatorial screening of exciplex formation in blends of 4,4′,4″-tris[2-naphthyl (phenyl)-amino] triphenylamine (2-TNATA), and 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(2,2′-diphenylvinyl) spiro-9,9′-bifluorene (spiro-DPVBi) is described. The blended layer was incorporated in ITO/[2-TNATA]/[1:1 2-TNATA:spiro-DPVBi]/[N,N′ - diphenyl - N,N′ - bis (1-naphthylphenyl) - 1,1′ - bi-phenyl - 4,4′-diamine (NPB)]/[spiro-DPVBi]/[tris(8-hydroxy quinoline) Al]/CsF∕Al organic light-emitting devices; the thickness of the blend and NPB layers were varied systematically. The electroluminescence quantum yield decreased as the blended layer thickness increased. The NPB spacer layer reduced the exciplex formation; an 8-nm-thick layer completely suppressed it.
Freeway to Memory Level Parallelism in Slice-Out-of-Order Cores (2022)

Exploiting memory level parallelism (MLP) is crucial to hide long memory and last level cache access latencies. While out-of-order (OoO) cores, and techniques building on them, are effective at exploiting MLP, they deliver poor energy efficiency due to their complex and energy-hungry hardware. This work revisits slice-out-of-order (sOoO) cores as an energy efficient alternative for MLP exploitation. sOoO cores achieve energy efficiency by constructing and executing \textit{slices} of MLP generating instructions out-of-order only with respect to the rest of instructions; the slices and the remaining instructions, by themselves, execute in-order. However, we observe that existing sOoO cores miss significant MLP opportunities due to their dependence-oblivious in-order slice execution, which causes dependent slices to frequently block MLP generation. To boost MLP generation, we introduce Freeway, a sOoO core based on a new dependence-aware slice execution policy that tracks dependent slices and keeps them from blocking subsequent independent slices and MLP extraction. The proposed core incurs minimal area and power overheads, yet approaches the MLP benefits of fully OoO cores. Our evaluation shows that Freeway delivers 12% better performance than the state-of-the-art sOoO core and is within 7% of the MLP limits of full OoO execution.
Selective Chemistry-Based Separation of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Alignment of the Nanotube Array Network under Electric Field for Field-Effect Transistor Applications (2021)

Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are considered as a replacement for silicon in field-effect transistors (FETs), solar cells, logic circuits, and so forth, because of their outstanding electronic, optical, and mechanical properties. Herein, we have studied the reaction of pristine SWCNTs dispersed in a pluronic F-68 (PF-68) polymer solution with para-amino diphenylamine diazonium sulfate (PADDS) to separate nanotubes based on their metallicity. The preferential selectivity of the reactions was monitored by changes in the semiconducting (S<sub>22</sub> and S<sub>33</sub>) and metallic (M<sub>11</sub>) bands by ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectroscopy. Metallic selectivity depended on the concentrations of PADDS, reaction time, and the solution pH. Furthermore, separation of pure s-SWCNTs was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. After the removal of metallic SWCNTs, direct current electric field was applied to the pure s-SWCNT solution, which effectively directed the nanotubes to align in one direction as nanotube arrays with a longer length and high density. After that, electrically aligned s-SWCNT solution was cast on a silicon substrate, and the length of the nanotube arrays was measured as ∼2 to ∼14 μm with an areal density of ∼2 to ∼20 tubes/μm of s-SWCNTs. Next, electrically aligned s-SWCNT arrays were deposited on the channel of the FET device by drop-casting. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and electrical measurements have been carried out to test the performance of the aligned s-SWCNTs/FETs. The fabricated FETs with a channel length of 10 μm showed stable electrical properties with a field-effect mobility of 30.4 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs and a log<sub>10</sub> (<i>I</i> <sub>on</sub>/<i>I</i> <sub>off</sub>) current ratio of 3.96. We envisage that this new chemical-based separation method and electric field-assisted alignment could be useful to obtain a high-purity and aligned s-SWCNT array network for the fabrication of high-performance FETs to use in digital and analog electronics.
Novel Mechanism for Sympathetically‐Mediated Hypertension by Naturally Occurring Human Alpha1aAR Genetic Variant (2010)

α1a‐Adrenergic receptors (α1aARs) control human blood pressure by mediating vasoconstriction in small arterial resistance vessels; this has important implications in regulation of hypertension. A recent finding is that matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAMs) play key roles in development of hypertension by shedding growth factors and activating some signaling pathways. We previously identified a naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) G247R in the third intracellular loop of α1aAR (α1aAR‐247R) in a patient with severe hypertension. Expression of this SNP in Rat‐1 fibroblasts results in unique, striking 2‐fold increased proliferation compared with wild type (α1aAR‐WT) or other α1AR subtypes, α1b/α1d. In this study we elucidate the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways responsible for this unique proliferation triggered by α1aAR‐247R. We show for the first time that elevated levels of MMP‐7 and ADAM‐12 in cells expressing α1aAR‐247R are responsible for EGFR transactivation, ERK activation and increased cell proliferation; a pathway confirmed using EGFR, MMP and ERK specific inhibitors. Importantly, we show that accelerated proliferation triggered by α1aAR‐247R is serum and agonist independent. Thus, these new data suggest a novel mechanism of sympathetically‐mediated hypertension in humans with this naturally occurring SNP.
Revealing the Nature of the Ultrafast Magnetic Phase Transition in Ni by Correlating Extreme Ultraviolet Magneto-Optic and Photoemission Spectroscopies (2018)

By correlating time- and angle-resolved photoemission and time-resolved transverse magneto-optical Kerr effect measurements, both at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths, we uncover the universal nature of the ultrafast photoinduced magnetic phase transition in Ni. This allows us to explain the ultrafast magnetic response of Ni at all laser fluences-from a small reduction of the magnetization at low laser fluences, to complete quenching at high laser fluences. Both probe methods exhibit the same demagnetization and recovery timescales. The spin system absorbs the energy required to proceed through a magnetic phase transition within 20 fs after the peak of the pump pulse. However, the spectroscopic signatures of demagnetization of the material appear only after ≈200 fs and the subsequent recovery of magnetization on timescales ranging from 500 fs to >70 ps. We also provide evidence of two competing channels with two distinct timescales in the recovery process that suggest the presence of coexisting phases in the material.
Control and Operating Range Analysis of an AC-Stacked PV Inverter Architecture Integrated With a Battery (2018)

This letter presents a control scheme to operate a battery-integrated ac-stacked photovoltaic (PV) inverter architecture and its operating range analysis. The main operation strategy is the combination of decentralized controls of individual inverter members; PV and battery. In ac-series integration, battery charging and discharging operations affect operating margins of the PV inverter members. The interactive operation needs to be analyzed to identify the system operating range under different conditions. A ramp-rate control, which mitigates PV output variations and improves grid stability, is a suitable application for the PV-battery ac-stacked inverter architecture utilizing a panel-level modular inverter design. In this letter, decentralized ramp-rate control is proposed and demonstrated to analyze the system operating range. The detailed system control and analysis are performed through controller hardware-in-the-loop testing.
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Highly Potent and Specific MET Therapeutic Protein Antagonist with Both Ligand-Dependent and Ligand-Independent Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 136KB, Demonstration of PRS-110 dependent MET trafficking in HT29 cells&lt;/p&gt;
A Low-Power Field-Programmable Gate Array Routing Fabric (2009)

This paper describes a new programmable routing fabric for field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Our results show that an FPGA using this fabric can achieve 1.57 times lower dynamic power consumption and 1.35 times lower average net delays with only 9% reduction in logic density over a baseline island-style FPGA implemented in the same 65-nm CMOS technology. These improvements in power and delay are achieved by 1) using only short interconnect segments to reduce routed net lengths, and 2) reducing interconnect segment loading due to programming overhead relative to the baseline FPGA without compromising routability. The new routing fabric is also well-suited to monolithically stacked 3-D-IC implementation. It is shown that a 3-D-FPGA using this fabric can achieve a 3.3 times improvement in logic density, a 2.51 times improvement in delay, and a 2.93 times improvement in dynamic power consumption over the same baseline 2-D-FPGA.
Low Effective Activation Energies for Oxygen Release from Metal Oxides: Evidence for Mass‐Transfer Limits at High Heating Rates (2014)

Oxygen release from metal oxides at high temperatures is relevant to many thermally activated chemical processes, including chemical-looping combustion, solar thermochemical cycles and energetic thermite reactions. In this study, we evaluated the thermal decomposition of nanosized metal oxides under rapid heating (~10(5) K s(-1)) with time-resolved mass spectrometry. We found that the effective activation-energy values that were obtained using the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa isoconversional method are much lower than the values found at low heating rates, indicating that oxygen transport might be rate-determining at a high heating rate.
Detection of hypermethylated genes as markers for cervical screening in women living with HIV (2018)

Hypermethylation analysis of ASCL1 or LHX8 in cervical scrape material of WLHIV detects all cervical carcinomas with an acceptable sensitivity and good specificity for CIN3<sup>+</sup> , warranting further exploration of these methylation markers as a stand-alone test for cervical screening in low-resource settings.
Novel PRKD gene rearrangements and variant fusions in cribriform adenocarcinoma of salivary gland origin (2014)

Polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA) and cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary gland (CAMSG) are low-grade carcinomas arising most often in oral cavity and oropharynx, respectively. Controversy exists as to whether these tumors represent separate entities or variants of one spectrum, as they appear to have significant overlap, but also clinicopathologic differences. As many salivary carcinomas harbor recurrent translocations, paired-end RNA sequencing and FusionSeq data analysis was applied for novel fusion discovery on two CAMSGs and two PLGAs. Validated rearrangements were then screened by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in 60 cases. Histologic classification was performed without knowledge of fusion status and included: 21 CAMSG, 18 classic PLGA, and 21 with "mixed/indeterminate" features. The RNAseq of 2 CAMSGs showed ARID1A-PRKD1 and DDX3X-PRKD1 fusions, respectively, while no fusion candidates were identified in two PLGAs. FISH for PRKD1 rearrangements identified 11 additional cases (22%), two more showing ARID1A-PRKD1 fusions. As PRKD2 and PRKD3 share similar functions with PRKD1 in the diacylglycerol and protein kinase C signal transduction pathway, we expanded the investigation for these genes by FISH. Six additional cases each showed PRKD2 and PRKD3 rearrangements. Of the 26 (43%) fusion-positive tumors, there were 16 (80%) CAMSGs and 9 (45%) indeterminate cases. A PRKD2 rearrangement was detected in one PLGA (6%). We describe novel and recurrent gene rearrangements in PRKD1-3 primarily in CAMSG, suggesting a possible pathogenetic dichotomy from "classic" PLGA. However, the presence of similar genetic findings in half of the indeterminate cases and a single PLGA suggests a possible shared pathogenesis for these tumor types.
A general synthesis of 8‐hydroxy‐6‐substituted‐1,7‐naphthyridines (2006)

Abstract magnified image A general method for the synthesis of 8‐hydroxy‐6‐substituted‐1,7‐naphthyridines is described using acylation of the dianion derived from tert ‐butylamide 1 , followed by cyclization of the resulting intermediate ketones 2 with ammonium acetate.