gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical performance improvements on RFICs using bump chip carrier packages as compared to standard thin shrink small outline packages (2001)

The electrical models of bump chip carrier (BCC) packages have been established based on the S-parameter measurement. When compared to the standard thin shrink small outline packages (TSSOPs), BCC packages show much smaller parasitics in the equivalent model. In the simulation, the insertion and return losses for a packaged 50-/spl Omega/ microstrip line are calculated against frequency. BCC packages are also less lossy than TSSOPs over a wide frequency range. By setting a random variable with Gaussian distribution varied within a certain range for each equivalent circuit element of the packages, the Monte Carlo analysis has been performed to study the package effects on a GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). Again, BCC packages cause less decrement of HBT unity-gain bandwidth than TSSOPs.
Energy Investment, Burden Distance and Phenomenology of Place (2021)

Designers whose projects are inspired by a community’s unique sense of spatial identity often focus on a site’s observable context, i.e. historic forms and surface aesthetics. Focus on typological components, however, overlooks generative relationships between the phenomenology of place and human energy investment. Recognizing Kubler’s dictum that material history is an observable continuum then, at its most fundamental level, the history of spatial production is the history of energy use. For most of human history, place was a unique socio-cultural expression because it fused energy expenditure with site-specific conditions, including climate, topography and materials. This paper introduces the concept of burden distance, the distance needed to travel to material sources and bring them back from origin points to their place of use. This proposed concept parallels Walter Christaller’s Central Place Theory idea of “range,” but applied in terms phenomenological implications of energy investment and placemaking. Understanding burden distance and its role in placemaking, is an important step in identifying why built environments have a spatial specificity that contributes to mitigate spatial alienation and instead root people to their built environment.
Proofs of theorems for the JRSS-B paper `Likelihood ratio tests in linear mixed models with one variance component' (2003)

Proofs of theorems for the JRSS-B paper `Likelihood ratio tests in linear mixed models with one variance component'
A microwave switchable low‐noise power amplifier for an active backscatter tag (2014)

ABSTRACT This article reports the design of a switchable low‐noise power amplifier (LNPA) intended for an active backscatter tag used in microwave localization and positioning applications. Due to system specifications, the backscattering transponder requires an amplifier having both low‐noise and high‐output power characteristics at the same time. Low‐noise amplifier and PA design considerations are both taken into account to realize a single structure achieving the required performances. The proposed LNPA is operating in the frequency range of 4.5–5.8 GHz. It achieves a gain of 21 dB with a ripple of ±1 dB, a noise figure of less than 2.5 dB, and an output compression point at −1 dB of 11 dBm over the operational bandwidth. This structure can be switched on and off by a control signal to modulate the tag radar cross section and enable distance measurement. A packaged prototype of the LNPA was fabricated and measured. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1251–1255, 2014
Autonomous Marine Sampling Enhanced by Strategically Deployed Drifters in Marine Flow Fields (2018)

We present a transportable system for ocean observations in which a small autonomous surface vehicle (ASV) adaptively collects spatially diverse samples with aid from a team of inexpensive, passive floating sensors known as drifters. Drifters can provide an increase in spatial coverage at little cost as they are propelled about the survey area by the ambient flow field instead of with actuators. Our iterative planning approach demonstrates how we can use the ASV to strategically deploy drifters into points of the flow field for high expected information gain, while also adaptively sampling the space. In this paper, we examine the performance of this heterogeneous sensing system in simulated flow field experiments.
Method for loading shape memory polymer gripper mechanisms (2023)

A method and apparatus for loading deposit material, such as an embolic coil, into a shape memory polymer (SMP) gripping/release mechanism. The apparatus enables the application of uniform pressure to secure a grip by the SMP mechanism on the deposit material via differential pressure between, for example, vacuum within the SMP mechanism and hydrostatic water pressure on the exterior of the SMP mechanism. The SMP tubing material of the mechanism is heated to above the glass transformation temperature (Tg) while reshaping, and subsequently cooled to below Tg to freeze the shape. The heating and/or cooling may, for example, be provided by the same water applied for pressurization or the heating can be applied by optical fibers packaged to the SMP mechanism for directing a laser beam, for example, thereunto. At a point of use, the deposit material is released from the SMP mechanism by reheating the SMP material to above the temperature Tg whereby it returns to its initial shape. The reheating of the SMP material may be carried out by injecting heated fluid (water) through an associated catheter or by optical fibers and an associated beam of laser light, for example.
Energy-Efficient Control for an Unmanned Ground Vehicle in a Wireless Sensor Network (2019)

In this paper, an energy-efficient control solution for an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) in a Wireless Sensor Network is proposed. This novel control approach integrates periodic event-triggered control, packet-based control, time-varying dual-rate Kalman filter-based prediction techniques, and dual-rate control. The systematic combination of these control techniques allows the UGV to track the desired path preserving performance properties, despite (i) existing scarce data due to the reduced usage of the wireless sensor device, which results in less number of transmissions through the network and, hence, bandwidth and battery saving; (ii) appearance of some wireless communication problems such as time-varying delays, packet dropouts, and packet disorder; and (iii) coping with a realistic scenario where external disturbance and sensor noise can arise. The main benefits of the control solution are illustrated via simulation.
A Design Framework for All-Digital mmWave Massive MIMO With per-Antenna Nonlinearities (2021)

Millimeter wave MIMO combines the benefits of compact antenna arrays with a large number of elements and massive bandwidths, so that fully digital beamforming has the potential of supporting a large number of simultaneous users with <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">per user</i> data rates of multiple gigabits/sec (Gbps). In this paper, we develop an analytical model for the impact of nonlinearities in such a system, and illustrate its utility in providing hardware design guidelines regarding two key challenges: the low available precision of analog-to-digital conversion at high sampling rates, and nonlinearities in ultra-high speed radio frequency (RF) and baseband circuits. We consider linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) reception for a multiuser MIMO uplink, and provide performance guarantees based on two key concepts: (a) summarization of the impact of per-antenna nonlinearities via a quantity that we term the “intrinsic SNR”, (b) using linear MMSE performance in an ideal system without nonlinearities to bound that in our non-ideal system. For our numerical results, we employ nominal parameters corresponding to outdoor picocells operating at a carrier frequency of 140 GHz, with a data rate of 10 Gbps per user.
SENSING DNA WITH ALTERNATING CURRENTS USING A NANOGAP SENSOR EMBEDDED IN A NANOCHANNEL DEVICE (2013)

We report an integrated nanochannel/nanoelectrode sensor for the detection of DNA using alternating currents. We find that DNA can be detected using platinum as the metal for the detecting electrodes, with a signal to noise ratio exceeding 10. We argue that the signal is at least in part electrochemical in nature, thus holds the promise to yield a sequence-dependent signal. However, we also find that for large voltages, DNA attaches irreversibly to the driving electrodes.
Photophysical and Redox NIR‐Sensitivity Enhancement in Photorefractive Polymer Composites (2004)

Through the gate: The photophysical effect of “gating” (preillumination at a shorter wavelength) dramatically enhances the near-infrared sensitivity of photorefractive polymer composites with generation-limited recording dynamics. Gating with a short, intense pulse yields better results than when using a longer pulse of reduced intensity. Redox doping (providing permanent charges) leads to an additional improvement of the sensitivity by a factor of two. See the picture for an illustration of the gating mechanism.
Grass roots chemistry: meta -Tyrosine, an herbicidal nonprotein amino acid (2007)

Fine fescue grasses displace neighboring plants by depositing large quantities of an aqueous phytotoxic root exudate in the soil rhizosphere. Via activity-guided fractionation, we have isolated and identified the nonprotein amino acid m-tyrosine as the major active component. m-Tyrosine is significantly more phytotoxic than its structural isomers o- and p-tyrosine. We show that m-tyrosine exposure results in growth inhibition for a wide range of plant species and propose that the release of this nonprotein amino acid interferes with root development of competing plants. Acid hydrolysis of total root protein from Arabidopsis thaliana showed incorporation of m-tyrosine, suggesting this as a possible mechanism of phytotoxicity. m-Tyrosine inhibition of A. thaliana root growth is counteracted by exogenous addition of protein amino acids, with phenylalanine having the most significant effect. The discovery of m-tyrosine, as well as a further understanding of its mode(s) of action, could lead to the development of biorational approaches to weed control.
IM2CAD (2017)

Given a single photo of a room and a large database of furniture CAD models, our goal is to reconstruct a scene that is as similar as possible to the scene depicted in the photograph, and composed of objects drawn from the database. We present a completely automatic system to address this IM2CAD problem that produces high quality results on challenging imagery from interior home design and remodeling websites. Our approach iteratively optimizes the placement and scale of objects in the room to best match scene renderings to the input photo, using image comparison metrics trained via deep convolutional neural nets. By operating jointly on the full scene at once, we account for inter-object occlusions. We also show the applicability of our method in standard scene understanding benchmarks where we obtain significant improvement.
Alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonists prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome and death: implications for Coronavirus disease 2019 (2020)

In severe viral pneumonia, including Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the viral replication phase is often followed by hyperinflammation, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure, and death. We previously demonstrated that alpha-1 adrenergic receptor ($\alpha_1$-AR) antagonists can prevent hyperinflammation (cytokine storm syndrome) in mice. Here, we conducted retrospective analyses in two cohorts of patients with acute respiratory distress (ARD, n=18,547) and three cohorts with pneumonia (n=400,907). Federated across two ARD cohorts, we find that patients exposed to $\alpha_1$-AR antagonists, as compared to unexposed patients, had a 34% relative risk reduction for mechanical ventilation and death (OR=0.70, p=0.021). We replicated these methods on three pneumonia cohorts, all with similar effects on both outcomes. All results were robust to sensitivity analyses. These results highlight the urgent need for prospective trials testing whether prophylactic use of $\alpha_1$-AR antagonists ameliorates lower respiratory tract infection-associated cytokine storm syndrome, as observed in COVID-19.
Dynamics of steady and unsteady operation of inductive discharges with attaching gases (2003)

Relaxation oscillations in charged particle densities are seen in low-pressure inductive discharges, if attaching gases such as SF6 and Ar/SF6 mixtures are used, such that the plasma contains negative ions. These oscillations occur in the neighborhood of the transition between lower power capacitive operation and higher power inductive operation. An instability, which occurs around this transition, can be described by a global model, that consists of time-dependent equations for the electrons, ions, and electron temperature. The model qualitatively agrees with experimental observations, but leaves significant quantitative differences to be explained. To understand the reasons for the model’s inability to make quantitative predictions, the local conditions for instability are determined for a model somewhat simplified from the one that approximates the experiment, but retains most of the important physics. The simplified model allows explicit determination for the local transition to instability and identifies two parameters that govern the transition. The local criteria are related to the global criterion that all fixed points are unstable. The importance for the instability of the physical parameters of the ion wall loss and of the ratio of capacitive to inductive power transfer has led to a reexamination of the size of these factors, and gives better quantitative agreement of the model to experiments.
The Combined Structural and Kinetic Characterization of a Bacterial Nitronate Monooxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 Establishes NMO Class I and II (2014)

Nitronate monooxygenase (NMO) oxidizes the mitochondrial toxin propionate 3-nitronate (P3N) to malonate semialdehyde. The enzyme has been previously characterized biochemically in fungi, but no structural information is available. Based on amino acid similarity 4,985 genes are annotated in the GenBank(TM) as NMO. Of these, 4,424 (i.e. 89%) are bacterial genes, including several Pseudomonads that have been shown to use P3N as growth substrate. Here, we have cloned and expressed the gene pa4202 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, purified the resulting protein, and characterized it. The enzyme is active on P3N and other alkyl nitronates, but cannot oxidize nitroalkanes. P3N is the best substrate at pH 7.5 and atmospheric oxygen with k(cat)(app)/K(m)(app) of 12 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1), k(cat)(app) of 1300 s(-1), and K(m)(app) of 110 μm. Anerobic reduction of the enzyme with P3N yields a flavosemiquinone, which is formed within 7.5 ms, consistent with this species being a catalytic intermediate. Absorption spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and x-ray crystallography demonstrate a tightly, non-covalently bound FMN in the active site of the enzyme. Thus, PA4202 is the first NMO identified and characterized in bacteria. The x-ray crystal structure of the enzyme was solved at 1.44 Å, showing a TIM barrel-fold. Four motifs in common with the biochemically characterized NMO from Cyberlindnera saturnus are identified in the structure of bacterial NMO, defining Class I NMO, which includes bacterial, fungal, and two animal NMOs. Notably, the only other NMO from Neurospora crassa for which biochemical evidence is available lacks the four motifs, defining Class II NMO.
Chronic endothelin-1 infusion elevates glomerular sieving coefficient and proximal tubular albumin reuptake in the rat (2012)

These data provide in vivo evidence that ET-1 directly increases glomerular permeability to albumin and that albuminuria is prevented by increased PT albumin uptake in the rat.
Postquantum Preshared Keys for IKEv2 (2019)

The possibility of Quantum Computers pose a serious challenge to
cryptography algorithms deployed widely today. IKEv2 is one example of
a cryptosystem that could be broken; someone storing VPN
communications today could decrypt them at a later time when a Quantum
Computer is available. It is anticipated that IKEv2 will be extended
to support quantum secure key exchange algorithms; however that is not
likely to happen in the near term. To address this problem before
then, this document describes an extension of IKEv2 to allow it to be
resistant to a Quantum Computer, by using preshared keys.
A complete genomic analysis of hepatitis B virus genotypes and mutations in HBeAg‐negative chronic hepatitis B in China (2008)

We aimed to study the distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes/subgenotypes in different parts of China and their clinical impact on the severity of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B. Residual serum samples from a cohort of HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing were studied. Complete HBV genomic sequencing was performed for phylogenetic tree analysis and determination of HBV mutations was carried out. Mutations associated with severe liver fibrosis (Ishak score 4 or more) were selected by computerized information gain criteria. Genotype B (all subgenotype Ba) HBV was present in 19 of 45 (42%), 12 of 31 (39%) and 5 of 25 (20%) patients in Hong Kong, Shanghai and Beijing, respectively (P = 0.16). Ninety-seven per cent of genotype C HBV in Shanghai and Beijing belonged to subgenotype Ce whereas 69% of genotype C patients in Hong Kong belonged to subgenotype Cs (P < 0.001). Patients infected by subgenotype Cs had the lowest serum albumin and highest alanine aminotransferase levels compared with subgenotype Ce and Ba. Patients infected by subgenotype Cs also had more severe histological necroinflammation than subgenotype Ce. Two HBV mutations were identified to associate with severe liver fibrosis (G2858C and C2289A) and one mutation was protective against severe liver fibrosis (T2201C). The T2201C mutation was found exclusively among patients (21 of 46 patients, 45%) infected by HBV subgenotype Ce. The clinical differences in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B in China may be influenced by different distribution of subgenotype C HBV.
A study of clustering using microelectronic defect monitors (2003)

Clustering of defects has received extensive attention for its impact on the predicted yields of large chips and on-chip redundancy. Defect density, defined for the separation of variables, permits product-independent cross-comparisons between fabricators and technologies. Defect densities are best tracked by inline measurements on microelectronic test structures, with product identity in their sensitivity to defects. It is reported that the defects monitored via the microelectronic test structures may not have the extent of clustering that has been noted in the literature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Classes of Materials: Clathrates and Inclusion Compounds (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The reductive decyclizations of semibullvalene (1984)

Reduction of semibullvalene (5) with potassium more closely resembles deprotonation of tetrahydropentalenes by n-butyl-lithium-potassium t-pentoxide than it does the reduction of (5) with lithium; the former prccesses both provide the cyelo-octatetraenyl dianion (4), plausibly via the intermediate bicyclo[3.3.0]octadienediyl dianion (3).
G proteins: introduction of its history, structure, function, and drug development (2023)

G protein-coupled receptor can be written in GPCR, it has a big great family and this species include 800 human genes, it become the important part of human body. Although each species has their own unique skills, it can make different kind of medicine that can save humans life. And then there's the G-protein-coupled receptor mechanism. The GPCR desensitization regulator - arrestin was further analyzed, and researchers discovered that GPCRs could be activated not only through the G-protein-dependent pathway but also through the non-G-protein-dependent pathway, known as the -inhibitor pathway, to control the ingestion and desensitization throughout vivo and even start a new wave of signal transduction. The development of G-protein-coupled receptor drugs followed. GPCR is strongly associated to pathological conditions and has an essential function in cell signal transmission. More than 40% of the medicines on the market today target GPCR, which is the reached a high point family of pharmacological targets. The intracellular effector proteins (G proteins, etc.) that are activated by the GPCR play an important role in the regulation of its physiological function.
Alternierende Ethen/Propen- Copolymerisation mit einem Metallocenkatalysator (1998)

Durch geringe Variation der Substituenten R′ bei den verwendeten Metallocenkatalysatoren wird aus Ethen und Propen anstelle eines statistischen Copolymers eines mit hochgradig (81–83%) alternierender Struktur (1) erhalten. Solche Copolymere waren bis vor kurzem nur durch Hydrierung von Polyisopren oder 1,4-Poly(pentadien) zugänglich.
Certificate-Based Trust Establishment in eEnabled Airplane Applications (2010)

This chapter describes potential roles of trust in future aviation information systems. The next-generation air transportation systems are envisioned to be a highly networked environment with aircraft digitally linked with ground systems and wireless technologies allowing real-time continuous sensing, collection and distribution of aircraft information assets. The resulting enhancements promise to revolutionize manufacturing, operation and maintenance of commercial airplanes. Safe and dependable aircraft operation as well as public well-being in these complex system-of-systems with multiple stakeholders, demands that the distributed information assets can be trusted to be correct and that the level of trustworthiness in systems can be established. This chapter considers two recent abstractions of such aviation systems – an electronic distribution system connecting aircraft with ground components for exchanging updates and data of onboard software, and a radio frequency identification (RFID) system for logistics and maintenance of aircraft – which use digital certificates to establish trust in integrity and authenticity of information assets as well as in authorized components handling these assets. The chapter presents unique challenges of aviation, such as regulations and business models, which can complicate implementation of certificate-based trust and further warrant trustworthiness proofs.
Formation of Mo<inf>2</inf>C electrodes using stacked sputtering process for thermally stable SiC Schottky barrier diodes (2017)

The introduction of SiC Schottky barrier diodes has enabled further power loss reduction in high voltage power electronics, owing to its high operation speed [1]. Various electrode materials for diodes have been reported so far, including Mo, Ti and Ni [2]. However, interface reactions between these metals and SiC surfaces results in the formation of an inhomogeneous interface, which rises concerns to long-term reliability issues. Mo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> C electrodes, on the other hand, have revealed stable diode characteristics against an annealing up to 1050 °C, suggesting practically reliable operations in power electronics [3]. Although nice electrical characteristics were obtained, the physical analyses of the interface are still yet to be done. In this presentation, detailed analyses of the formation of a Mo <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> C layer on SiC surfaces using stacked sputtering process are reported [4].