gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐ and trans‐3‐(3‐Indolyl)proline Derivatives as Conformationally Restricted Analogues of Tryptophan. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Degenerate four-wave mixing as a diagnostic of plasma chemistry. Progress report, September 15, 1992--March 15, 1993 (1993)

Degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) has been found suitable for in situ monitoring during plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. DFWM has been used to monitor CH and C{sub 2} during synthesis of diamond thin films. Analysis of CH rotational and vibrational spectra confirmed the temperature trend predicted by the 1-D model. For substrate temperature 1200 K and free-stream temperatures of 3500 and 4300 K, the 1-D simulations predicted boundary layer thicknesses consistent with observations. The species concentration change across the boundary layer is dramatic; at 2 mm from the surface, both CH and C{sub 2} reach maximum concentration. It has been demonstrated that, using a conventional laser system, operating at visible wavelengths (low energies), DFWM is nonintrusive and can generate signals that are easily monitored.
13 Voice Activity Detection for In-Car Communication Systems (2023)

Occupants in a driving car are often confronted with severe noise levels that impede dialogue among them. Particularly passengers seated at different rows must raise their voices inconveniently and shout against the noise to bridge the gap. In this situation, in-car communication (ICC) systems may assist: these systems pick up speech using microphones close to different speakers and - with only little delay - reinforce the signal via loudspeakers at the listeners' positions. Signal processing algorithms in these systems aim at enhancing the audio reception of the listeners by amplifying speech and reducing the impact of background noise. Many of these algorithms require accurate and robust estimates of speech and background characteristics to ensure that only desired speech is reproduced whereas noise and other undesired components are kept unamplified. For this purpose, voice activity detection (VAD) is a pivotal factor: noise suppression just as many other algorithms rely on the detection of speech components that must be captured and preserved. In this chapter, the concept of VAD is discussed subject to particularly challenging demands on signal processing imposed by low-latency requirements that are typical for an ICC system but that can be also found in other applications such as hearing aids. Features for VAD are derived that can cope with a low spectral resolution resulting from very short time frames that are chosen in favor of low latency. The subsequent evaluation further explicitly addresses the delay introduced by VAD and its impact on different algorithms within an ICC system.
Distributed Routing Based on Minimum End to End Delay for OFDMA Backhaul Mobile Mesh Networks (2013)

In this paper, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA)-based minimum end-to-end delay (MED) distributed routing scheme for mobile backhaul wireless mesh networks is proposed. The proposed scheme selects routing paths based on OFDMA subcarrier synchronization control, subcarrier availability, and delay. In the proposed scheme, OFDMA is used to transmit frames between mesh routers using type-I hybrid automatic repeat request over multipath Rayleigh fading channels. Compared with other distributed routing algorithms, such as most forward within radius R, farthest neighbor routing, nearest neighbor routing, and nearest with forwarding progress, simulation results show that the proposed MED routing can reduce end-to-end delay and support highly reliable routing using only local information of neighbor nodes.
Manufacturing Challenges Implementing Material Changes for the Super Light Weight External Tank: A Welding Process Perspective (2001)

A viewgraph presentation gives an overview of the manufacturing challenges in implementing welding material changes for the super lightweight external tank. Details are given on the external tank configuration, the weld purging equipment used, planning the selection of weld filler wire alloy, the initial weld microstructure, the wide panel tensile testing, and the dome cap welding.
Correction of Phasor Measurements Independent of Transmission Line Parameters (2019)

Phase angle measurements from phasor measurement unit (PMU) data are sensitive to several issues, such as timing error, global positioning system (GPS) signal spoofing attack, transducer sensitivities and latency, and phasor computation algorithms. In some applications, highly accurate phase angle values are essential. In this paper, two methods are developed for correcting the phase angle difference (PAD) between the PMUs at both ends of a line. The method is based on the assumption that the line parameters are unchanged during the measurement period. The proposed scheme does not require knowing the parameters of the transmission line connecting the two PMUs, and uses multi-point measurements to estimate possible PAD bias. An additional benefit of the methods is that the parameters of the transmission line can also be calculated.
Floor Impact Sound Control by Composite Damping Floor Structure Composed of Damping Steel Plates and Concrete Slab in Multiple-dwelling Buildings (1989)

The composite damping floor structure (CDFS) has been developed for the control of the floor impact sound against the Heavy-Impact-Sound-Source designated by JIS A1418 in multiple-dwelling buildings. CDFS has the three-layer sandwich configuration by attaching rectangular damping steel plates (DSP) to the concrete slab. The first layer is the constraining steel plate (the upper steel), the second is the vis-co-elastic resin, and the third is the basic plate (the lower steel and concrete slab). The traditional vibration damping theory for such sandwich configuration structure was extended in order to introduce the effect of the unit width of each rectangular DSP. The extended theoretical analysis explained the vibration loss factors obtained on the floor model tests and on the site tests with good agreement. And also the test results of the floor impact sound radiation were explained theoretically by evaluating the effect of the loss factor on the vibration response of CDFS. Finally the optimum design approach of CDFS was proposed focussing on the unit width and thickness arrangement of each DSP and on the mechanical properties of the resin through the parametric study based on the extended vibration damping theory.
A high-performance solid-state drive by garbage collection overhead suppression (2014)

Currently, solid-state drives (SSDs) are replacing hard-disk drives (HDDs) in many applications. However, SSDs write performance is low because of the NAND flash memory's characteristics. Particularly, the garbage collection (GC) page-copy overhead for the valid data greatly degrades the SSD performance. To suppress this overhead with the address remapping technology, a middleware, LBA scrambler, is proposed [3]. We evaluated the effects of the LBA scrambler with the Ext4 file system (FS). From the experimental results, the SSD performance is boosted by 20.0% with the assistance of the LBA scrambler, compared with the conventional system without LBA scrambler. Moreover, the total SSD energy consumption is reduced by 4.33% while its lifetime is enhanced by 3.56%.
Aminoglycoside Toxicity in the Treatment of Endophthalmitis (1994)

These cases emphasize the potential hazards of the intravitreous use of aminoglycosides. A toxic reaction can occur even when injection of low doses is intended and precautions are made to avoid dilution errors. A localized increase in concentration in dependent areas of the retina may play a role in aminoglycoside toxicity. If some of the perifoveal capillaries are spared, retention of some central vision is possible. Consideration should be given to substituting ceftazidime for aminoglycosides for the treatment and prophylaxis of endophthalmitis.
Reflections on the Ingredients for Success in AI Research: An Interview with Arvind Gupta (2019)

This article contains the observations of Arvind Gupta, who has over 22 years of experience in leadership, policy, and entrepreneurial roles, in both the Silicon Valley and India. Gupta was recently interviewed about the factors that could influence successful artificial intelligence research. At the time of the interview, Gupta was the chief executive officer of MyGov, India. During our interview, he shared with the editorial team his perspectives on investing in artificial intelligence innovations for business and society, in India. The interviewers included members of the special track editorial team from IBM (Biplav Srivastava, Daby Sow, and Ching‐Hua Chen) and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (Oshani Seneviratne).
Mapping and Analysis of Chromatin State Dynamics in Nine Human Cell Types (2011)

Chromatin profiling has emerged as a powerful means of genome annotation and detection of regulatory activity. The approach is especially well suited to the characterization of non-coding portions of the genome, which critically contribute to cellular phenotypes yet remain largely uncharted. Here we map nine chromatin marks across nine cell types to systematically characterize regulatory elements, their cell-type specificities and their functional interactions. Focusing on cell-type-specific patterns of promoters and enhancers, we define multicell activity profiles for chromatin state, gene expression, regulatory motif enrichment and regulator expression. We use correlations between these profiles to link enhancers to putative target genes, and predict the cell-type-specific activators and repressors that modulate them. The resulting annotations and regulatory predictions have implications for the interpretation of genome-wide association studies. Top-scoring disease single nucleotide polymorphisms are frequently positioned within enhancer elements specifically active in relevant cell types, and in some cases affect a motif instance for a predicted regulator, thus suggesting a mechanism for the association. Our study presents a general framework for deciphering cis-regulatory connections and their roles in disease.
Solid‐phase permethylation of glycans for mass spectrometric analysis (2005)

A miniaturized approach was developed for quantitative permethylation of oligosaccharides, which involves packing of sodium hydroxide powder in microspin columns or fused-silica capillaries (500 microm i.d.), permitting effective derivatization in less than a minute at microscale. Prior to mass spectrometry, analytes are mixed with methyl iodide in dimethyl sulfoxide solution containing traces of water before infusing through the microreactors. This procedure minimizes oxidative degradation and peeling reactions and avoids the need of excessive clean-up. Picomole amounts of linear and branched, sialylated and neutral glycan samples were rapidly and efficiently permethylated by this approach and analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed or Base‐Promoted Regioselective Cycloisomerization of N‐Imidoyl‐o‐alkynylanilines for Synthesis of N‐Imidoyl‐(1H)‐indoles and 4‐Alkylidene‐3,4‐dihydroquinazolines. (2015)

Abstract The product selectivity of cyclization reactions of o‐alkynylaniline substrates depends mainly on the catalyst or promotor used and on the substituents of the substrates.
The impact of QoS support on the end user satisfaction in LTE networks with mixed traffic (2008)

How good is a best effort network for different services in multi-service LTE networks? In this paper, we try to answer the question in the context of capacity of an LTE network with users concurrently running multiple services. We present a system simulation study for two-service scenarios with VoIP and a second service represented by real-time video, mobile TV, or web surfing. We present results for a best effort network and compare to those for a network with QoS provisioning. The study demonstrates that traffic differentiation and service prioritization are particularly crucial when a delay-critical service, e.g., VoIP, is in combination with a delay-insensitive intensive traffic. By prioritizing VoIP, we achieve VoIP capacity comparable to that in pure VoIP simulations at a cost of a few-percent capacity loss of the second service. A simple model for network capacity assessment for the two network types is presented to support our observations theoretically.
Acetogenins, Aporphinoids, and Azaanthraquinone fromAnnona cherimoliaSeeds (1989)

We have isolated several known steroids, glycosides, isoquinoline, and azaanthraquinone alkaloids, and five acetogenins belonging to a new group of secondary metabolites, the bis-tetrahydrofuran gamma-lactones, from the seeds of ANNONA CHERIMOLIA. The azaanthraquinone alkaloid isolated was identified as cleistopholine. One new acetogenin is reported here: laherradurine; a second new one was isolated, but its structure has not been determined. The other three: cherimoline, dihydrocherimoline, and asimicine have already been reported.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A High-Throughput Screening Identifies MICU1 Targeting Compounds. (2020)

Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake depends on the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex, a highly selective channel of the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM). Here, we screen a library of 44,000 non-proprietary compounds for their ability to modulate mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake. Two of them, named MCU-i4 and MCU-i11, are confirmed to reliably decrease mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. Docking simulations reveal that these molecules directly bind a specific cleft in MICU1, a key element of the MCU complex that controls channel gating. Accordingly, in MICU1-silenced or deleted cells, the inhibitory effect of the two compounds is lost. Moreover, MCU-i4 and MCU-i11 fail to inhibit mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in cells expressing a MICU1 mutated in the critical amino acids that forge the predicted binding cleft. Finally, these compounds are tested ex vivo, revealing a primary role for mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake in muscle growth. Overall, MCU-i4 and MCU-i11 represent leading molecules for the development of MICU1-targeting drugs.Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 32075766
Power Breakdown Analysis for a Heterogeneous NoC Platform Running a Video Application (2006)

Users expect future handheld devices to provide extended multimedia functionality and have long battery life. This type of application imposes heavy constraints on performance and power consumption and forces designers to optimize all parts of their platform. Evaluating the overall platform power breakdown is therefore critical to determine where to spend the efforts on power optimization. Surprisingly, few studies exist on that topic and decisions generally rely on common belief. We have realized a complete power breakdown for a realistic platform to identify the major power bottlenecks. This paper presents this power assessment of a realistic heterogeneous network on chip platform including processors, network and data/instruction memory hierarchy, running a video processing chain from camera to display. Our power breakdown identifies the main bottlenecks in the memory hierarchy and the foreground memory, and shows that global interconnect is not that critical for a well-optimized application mapping.
Synthesis of double hydrophilic block copolymers by ATRP and their assembly induced by complexation (2008)

International audience
Haplotype transmission analysis provides evidence of association for DISC1 to schizophrenia and suggests sex-dependent effects (2003)

We have previously reported a linkage peak on 1q42 in a Finnish schizophrenia sample. In this study we genotyped 28 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 1q42 covering the three candidate genes TRAX, DISC1 and DISC2, using a study sample of 458 Finnish families ascertained for schizophrenia. Two-point and haplotype association analysis revealed a significant region of interest within the DISC1 gene. A common haplotype (HEP3) was observed to be significantly under-transmitted to affected individuals (P=0.0031). HEP3 represents a two SNP haplotype spanning from intron 1 to exon 2 of DISC1. This haplotype also displayed sex differences in transmission distortion, the under-transmission being significant only to affected females (P=0.00024). Three other regions of interest were observed in the TRAX and DISC genes. However, analysis of only those families with complete genotype information specifically highlights the HEP3 haplotype as a true observation. The finding of a common under-transmitted SNP haplotype might imply that this particular allele offers some protection from the development of schizophrenia. Analysis of component-traits of schizophrenia, derived from the Operational Criteria Checklist of Psychotic Illness (OCCPI), displayed association of HEP3 to features of the general phenotype of schizophrenia, including traits representing delusions, hallucinations and negative symptoms. This study provides further evidence for the hypothesis that the DISC1 gene is involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia, and implies a putative sex difference for the effect of the gene. Our findings would also encourage more detailed analyses of the effect of DISC1 on the component-traits of schizophrenia.
Dielectric-Based Rear Surface Passivation Approaches for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Solar Cells—A Review (2019)

This review summarizes all studies which used dielectric-based materials as a passivation layer at the rear surface of copper indium gallium (di)selenide, Cu(In,Ga)Se2, (CIGS)-based thin film solar cells, up to 2019. The results regarding the kind of dielectric materials, the deposition techniques, contacting approaches, the existence of additional treatments, and current–voltage characteristics (J–V) of passivated devices are emphasized by a detailed table. The techniques used to implement the passivation layer, the contacting approach for the realization of the current flow between rear contact and absorber layer, additional light management techniques if applicable, the solar simulator results, and further characterization techniques, i.e., external quantum efficiency (EQE) and photoluminescence (PL), are shared and discussed. Three graphs show the difference between the reference and passivated devices in terms of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), and efficiency (η), with respect to the thicknesses of the absorber layer. The effects of the passivation layer at the rear surface are discussed based on these three graphs. Furthermore, an additional section is dedicated to the theoretical aspects of the passivation mechanism.
Partial characterization of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene transcript in the rat ovary. (1992)

It has been hypothesized that GnRH or a GnRH-like peptide is produced in the rat ovary, but the presence of GnRH in the ovary has not been unequivocally demonstrated. This study was undertaken to determine whether the GnRH gene is expressed in the rat ovary and to compare the GnRH gene transcripts from the ovary and the hypothalamus. Twelve samples of total RNA from ovaries of individual rats were screened by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the presence of GnRH gene transcripts. Fragments of GnRH cDNA were amplified using pairs of specific primers. GnRH transcripts were detected in all the ovaries examined, and differed from hypothalamic GnRH transcripts in two ways: first, in the ovaries a greater proportion of GnRH transcripts contained intronic sequences; second, the major transcription start utilized in the ovary differed from that used in the hypothalamus. Although fully processed GnRH gene transcripts were detected by RT-PCR in both, ovary and hypothalamus, they were not detected in the ovary by Northern blot. The GnRH probe hybridized specifically to the predicted 0.6 kb transcript in the hypothalamus, and to a 3.3 kb transcript in the ovary. We conclude that in the ovary, most GnRH gene transcripts retain intronic sequences.
Pharmacological, conformational and dynamic properties of cycloleucine‐2 analogues of oxytocin and [1‐penicillamine]oxytocin (1983)

The solid phase syntheses of [2-cycloleucine] oxytocin and [1-penicillamine, 2-cycloleucine] oxytocin are reported. [1-Penicillamine, 2-cycloleucine] oxytocin is an oxytocin antagonist exhibiting no in vitro oxytocic activity. In the in vitro oxytocic assay, [1-penicillamine, 2-cycloleucine] oxytocin has a pA2 value of 6.70 +/- 0.08. [2-Cycloleucine]-oxytocin is a full oxytocin agonist exhibiting 4.9 +/- 0.5 U/mg of oxytocic activity. Neither compound possesses any measurable agonist or antagonist activity in the rat pressor assay. Carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift parameters and spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of the antagonist, [1-penicillamine, 2-cycloleucine] oxytocin, indicate that the antagonist exhibits similar conformational and dynamic properties as other oxytocin inhibitors previously studied. The carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance shift parameters and spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of the oxytocin agonist, [2-cycloleucine] oxytocin, indicate that the agonist exhibits similar conformational and dynamic properties as oxytocin. These results are discussed in terms of the different receptor requirements for agonist and antagonist activities. It appears that there are different structural and conformational requirements at the 2-position for oxytocic agonist and antagonist activities.
Stage tracking of a mask-scan EB mask writer test stand (2002)

A stage tracking function has been developed for a mask-scan EB mask writer. Position error of EB mask on an EB-mask-stage induces position error of projection beam on the EB-mask and the position of a writing pattern. The position of the EB-mask is measured by a laser interferometer. The shift from the aimed position is fed back to a mask selection deflection and a main deflection. The velocity of EB-mask stage and specimen-stage is also fed back to the deflection. The deflection control unit for the stage tracking has been made and the tracking function confirmed from the test memory of the unit. Using the unit, scanning writing patterns have been obtained with step and repeat stage mode.
Fibronectin (1980)

Fibronectin is a cell-surface and blood glycoprotein that apparently mediates adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix. Much of the recent interest in this protein stems from the fact that malignant cells tend to lack cell-surface fibronectin, which may contribute to their capacity for invasive and metastatic growth.
Projection optical system with a pixelated µLED source for automotive applications (2021)

A high-resolution adaptive-driving-beam has been created based on a projection optical system with a pixelated μLED. Covering full FOVs of 40° and 24°, respectively, we will discuss the performance of the combined system.
Performance Enhancement of an MB_OFDM based UWB System in Multiple SOPs Environments (2006)

In this paper, we propose a new transmission scheme to support multiple simultaneously operating piconets (SOPs) in an ultra wideband (UWB) system based on multi-band orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MB/spl I.bar/OFDM), where the code division technique is combined with the MB/spl I.bar/OFDM. When there are 2 or 3 SOPs, the collision between different piconets is increased and the average probabilities of symbol collision increase up to nearly 55.7% and 70.7%, respectively. Hence, the previous scheme using symbol repeater and erasure can't effectively reduce the co-channel interference (CCI). We propose to use the MC/spl I.bar/CDMA to mitigate the CCI from 2 and 3 SOPs. Our simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme is effective in multiple SOPs.