gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theileria-Induced Leukocyte Transformation: an Example of Oncogene Addiction? (2014)

In the case of Theileria parva, the initial invasion and developmental steps can be successfully completed in caprine (goat) lymphocytes in vitro after proteolytic cleavage of surface proteins. Importantly, long-term culture of Theileria annulata-infected field isolates that leads to attenuation is associated with a significant reduction of the matrix metalloproteases (MMP) activities. A recurrent theme in Theileria research has been the search for putative parasite oncogene(s). A number of receptor-associated and cytosolic kinases, as well as transcription factors, were found to be permanently active in various Theileria-infected cell lines. The development of Theileria inside its host cell involves highly interdependent interactions between the intracellular parasite and the parasitized cell. With the determination of the genome sequences of T. parva and T. annulata in 2005, combined with the availability of the B. taurus genome, research on Theileria-infected bovine leukocytes has entered the postgenomic era. These resources make it possible to screen both bovine and parasite microarrays. Screening of bovine arrays will allow the identification of host cell genes that are either up or down regulated during infection and leukocyte transformation. Screening of T. annulata microarrays with mRNA isolated from virulent and attenuated macrophage vaccine lines should allow the identification of parasite genes whose expression is down regulated during host cell attenuation (i.e., loss of metastatic potential).
A 64 channel programmable receiver chip for 3G wireless infrastructure (2006)

We present a CDMA wireless infrastructure chip that handles digital baseband receive functions for up to 64 voice channels, representing over 150 GOPS of computation, and dissipating 32mW/channel. Vector datapaths and two embedded ARM cores are employed for flexibility and high channel density. The chip is fabricated in a 130 nm 7 layer metal process and contains 75M transistors.
Editorial: New Microenvironments for Neuronal Differentiation (2022)

Editorial of a Research Topic
The role of 'omics' in the quest to eliminate human filariasis (2017)

Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a disease affecting approximately 120 million people in over 73 countries Wuchereria bancrofti is responsible for approximately 90% of the disease worldwide, while the remaining cases are due to Brugia malayi and B. timori These filarial nematodes have important social and economic impact causing high morbidity and serious illnesses resulting in social stigmatization, marginalization, and loss of work for the afflicted In 2000, The Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF) was launched with the objective to eliminate this disease as a public health problem by 2020 The eradication of lymphatic filariasis relies on mass drug administration (MDA) using the three drugs currently available for treatment: diethylcarbamazine (DEC), albendazole, and ivermectin. GPELF also has made significant progress in many countries, delivering, between the years 2000 and 2014, 5.6 billion treatments to more than 763 million people living in 61 countries. It was estimated that this directly prevented 36 million clinical cases and saved 175 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) However, it is unlikely that LF will be eliminated by the target year of 2020 as 55 of the 73 countries considered to be endemic for LF in 2015 still require MDA Moreover, GPELF has lagged in Sub-Saharan Africa where only 2 of 35 LF-endemic countries have stopped MDA and started post-MDA surveillance. Notably, recent studies show that single-dose combination therapy with the three antifilarial drugs (ivermectin/albendazole/diethylcarbamazine, or IDA) appears to be superior to current regimens used in the elimination programs, which may help accelerate LF elimination in Africa. Although it has not yet been tested, IDA may also be useful for treating onchocerciasis However, reports of drug resistance to ivermectin and albendazole [9,10] as well as serious concerns about using DEC in Sub-Saharan Africa because of ocular adverse events after DEC treatment of onchocerciasis in the past, makes the discovery of novel drugs against onchocerciasis imperative
C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2)-dependent DC migration is controlled by tetraspanin CD37 (2018)

Cell migration is central to evoking a potent immune response. Dendritic cell (DC) migration to lymph nodes is dependent on the interaction of C-type lectin-like receptor 2 (CLEC-2; encoded by the gene <i>Clec1b</i>), expressed by DCs, with podoplanin, expressed by lymph node stromal cells, although the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we show that CLEC-2-dependent DC migration is controlled by tetraspanin CD37, a membrane-organizing protein. We identified a specific interaction between CLEC-2 and CD37, and myeloid cells lacking CD37 (<i>Cd37</i><sup>-/-</sup>) expressed reduced surface CLEC-2. CLEC-2-expressing <i>Cd37</i><i><sup>-/-</sup></i> DCs showed impaired adhesion, migration velocity and displacement on lymph node stromal cells. Moreover, <i>Cd37</i><i><sup>-/-</sup></i> DCs failed to form actin protrusions in a 3D collagen matrix upon podoplanin-induced CLEC-2 stimulation, phenocopying CLEC-2-deficient DCs. Microcontact printing experiments revealed that CD37 is required for CLEC-2 recruitment in the membrane to its ligand podoplanin. Finally, <i>Cd37</i><i><sup>-/-</sup></i> DCs failed to inhibit actomyosin contractility in lymph node stromal cells, thus phenocopying CLEC-2-deficient DCs. This study demonstrates that tetraspanin CD37 controls CLEC-2 membrane organization and provides new molecular insights into the mechanisms underlying CLEC-2-dependent DC migration.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Laser Ion Acceleration from Shock Wave Generated Targets (2012)

California in Los Angeles have achieved acceleration using Terawatt CO2 interacting with gas jets. Gas targets are advantageous in that they are relatively simple and can be operated at high repetition rates; however, they typically operate at densities far below those required for optical wavelengths, where most of the world’s terawatt lasers operate. To get around this and other issues, a new type of target, a “gas foil,” has been developed at the Naval Research Laboratory. The target is created by igniting an optically driven hydrodynamic shock into the flow of a gas jet in vacuum. Experiments have shown that a laser-ignited shock is capable of producing 4 times ambient. These results have been incorporated into 3D PIC simulations. Results for a relatively compact and inexpensive 20 TW laser yielded protons with energies in excess of 5 MeV. Simulations as well as preliminary experimental results will be discus
Laser doping of boron-doped Si paste for high-efficiency silicon solar cells (2015)

Boron laser doping (LD) is a promising technology for high-efficiency solar cells such as p-type passivated locally diffused solar cells and n-type Si-wafer-based solar cells. We produced a printable phosphorus- or boron-doped Si paste (NanoGram® Si paste/ink) for use as a diffuser in the LD process. We used the boron LD process to fabricate high-efficiency passivated emitter and rear locally diffused (PERL) solar cells. PERL solar cells on Czochralski Si (Cz-Si) wafers yielded a maximum efficiency of 19.7%, whereas the efficiency of a reference cell was 18.5%. Fill factors above 79% and open circuit voltages above 655 mV were measured. We found that the boron-doped area effectively performs as a local boron back surface field (BSF). The characteristics of the solar cell formed using NanoGram® Si paste/ink were better than those of the reference cell.
The mutual exclusion problem: part II---Statement and solutions (2019)

The theory developed in Part I is used to state the mutual exclusion problem and several additional fairness and failure-tolerance requirements. Four "distributed" N-process solutions are given, ranging from a solution requiring only one communication bit per process that permits individual starvation, to one requiring about N! communication bits per process that satisfies every reasonable fairness and failure-tolerance requirement that we can conceive of.
Subscapularis Muscle Activity during Selected Rehabilitation Exercises (2003)

Our results showing that the upper and lower portions of the subscapularis muscle are functionally independent may affect training or rehabilitation protocols for the rotator cuff muscles.
BCRP expression does not result in resistance to STX140 in vivo, despite the increased expression of BCRP in A2780 cells in vitro after long-term STX140 exposure (2009)

The anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties of the endogenous oestrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyoestradiol (2-MeOE2), are enhanced in a series of sulphamoylated derivatives of 2-MeOE2. To investigate possible mechanisms of resistance to these compounds, a cell line, A2780.140, eightfold less sensitive to the 3,17-O,O-bis-sulphamoylated derivative, STX140, was derived from the A2780 ovarian cancer cell line by dose escalation. Other cell lines tested did not develop STX140 resistance. RT-PCR and immunoblot analysis demonstrated that breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) expression is dramatically increased in A2780.140 cells. The cells are cross-resistant to the most structurally similar bis-sulphamates, and to BCRP substrates, mitoxantrone and doxorubicin; but they remain sensitive to taxol, an MDR1 substrate, and to all other sulphamates tested. Sensitivity can be restored using a BCRP inhibitor, and this pattern of resistance is also seen in a BCRP-expressing MCF-7-derived cell line, MCF-7.MR. In mice bearing wild-type (wt) and BCRP-expressing tumours on either flank, both STX140 and mitoxantrone inhibited the growth of the MCF-7wt xenografts, but only STX140 inhibited growth of the MCF-7.MR tumours. In conclusion, STX140, a promising orally bioavailable anti-cancer agent in pre-clinical development, is highly efficacious in BCRP-expressing xenografts. This is despite an increase in BCRP expression in A2780 cells in vitro after chronic dosing with STX140.
<title>Application Of Optical Communication Technology To Optical Information Processing</title> (1980)

An incoherent optical system that performs the product of an input vector and a stored matrix is described. The input vector is suitably biased and entered into the system on an array of infrared light emitting diodes. The output vector is measured on parallel elements of a PIN photodiode array. With proper data encoding, vectors and matrices with complex elements can be achieved. An experimental system designed to perform discrete Fourier transforms is described. While the throughput rate of the current system is 108 data samples per second, systems with throughput rates of 1010 can be envisioned.
Testing switch rules in software defined networks (2018)

SDN-technology is efficiently used for implementing service function chains can be efficiently implemented utilizing common resources and their management principles in virtual networks. The network is based on a connected undirected graph of physical links called usually referred to as resource network connectivity topology (RNCT); graph nodes are network switches and hosts and each host is connected exactly with one switch. Switches operate based on rule tables that are configured by a controller that operates independently of network equipment. The configuration of network switches provides the transmission of packets from the initial to final hosts depending on the values of the packet parameters. The paper discusses the relationship between switch configurations and paths which are created for trasmitting packets depending on RNCT properties. It is shown that, in general, not any configuration of any switch is verifiable. Testing abilities depend on the accepted hypotheses about the switch operating. Two hypotheses are discussed in the paper: the switch hypothesis assumes that the switch operation does not depend on the settings of other switches; a stronger hypothesis about the rule, besides this, assumes that the switch operation according to this rule does not depend on other rules in the configuration of this switch. Section 2 contains preliminaries while Section 3 is devoted to the relationship between switch rules and sets of paths to be implemented. In Section 4, the problem of testing the switch configuration is considered based on the rule hypothesis; a number of statements are estableshed, in particular, the necessary and sufficient conditions of the ability of testing a given rule of a given switch. Section 5 discusses and proves the necessary (but not sufficient) condition and sufficient (but not necessary) condition for checking any switch configuration based on the switch hypothesis. In conclusion, the problems of establishing the necessary and sufficient conditions for verifiability of any switch configuration are discussed.
Versatile One-Pot Synthesis of Supramolecular Plastics and Self-Healing Rubbers (2016)

International audience
Synthesis of tritium‐ and deuterium‐labeled budesonide (2008)

Abstract Tritium‐labeled budesonide was prepared by the selective reduction of a double bond in the butenylenedioxy side chain using carrier‐free tritium and palladium on carbon as a catalyst in absolute ethanol. Although the reduction gave a mixture of the desired product and the expected byproducts resulting from over reduction of the other double bonds in ring A, the desired tritium‐labeled budesonide was easily isolated by reverse phase HPLC and with specific activity of 54 Ci/mmol. [D 8 ]‐budesonide was prepared from 16α‐hydroxyprednisolone and D 8 ‐butyraldehyde in 1,4‐dioxane in the presence of perchloric acid. The isotopic enrichment was found to be more than 99 atom% D. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Near-Infrared Fluorescent RGD Peptides for Optical Imaging of Integrin αvβ3Expression in Living Mice (2005)

Near-infrared fluorescence optical imaging is a powerful technique for studying diseases at the molecular level in preclinical models. We recently reported that monomeric RGD peptide c(RGDyK) conjugated to the NIR fluorescent dye specifically targets integrin receptor both in cell culture and in living subjects. In this report, Cy5.5-conjugated mono-, di-, and tetrameric RGD peptides were evaluated in a subcutaneous U87MG glioblastoma xenograft model in order to investigate the effect of multimerization of RGD peptide on integrin avidity and tumor targeting efficacy. The binding affinities of Cy5.5-conjugated RGD monomer, dimer, and tetramer for alpha(v)beta(3) integrin expressed on U87MG cell surface were determined to be 42.9 +/- 1.2, 27.5 +/- 1.2, and 12.1 +/- 1.3 nmol/L, respectively. All three peptide-dye conjugates had integrin specific uptake both in vitro and in vivo. The subcutaneous U87MG tumor can be clearly visualized with each of these three fluorescent probes. Among them, tetramer displayed highest tumor uptake and tumor-to-normal tissue ratio from 0.5 to 4 h postinjection. Tumor-to-normal tissue ratio for Cy5.5-conjugated RGD monomer, dimer, and tetramer were found to be 3.18 +/- 0.16, 2.98 +/- 0.05, and 3.63 +/- 0.09, respectively, at 4 h postinjection. These results suggest that Cy5.5-conjugated monomeric, dimeric, and tetrameric RGD peptides are all suitable for integrin expression imaging. The multmerization of RGD peptide results in moderate improvement of imaging characteristics of the tetramer, compared to that of the monomer and dimeric counterparts.
Immune Complex-Dependent Remodeling of the Airway Vasculature in Response to a Chronic Bacterial Infection (2005)

Chronic inflammation in the airways is associated with dramatic architectural changes in the walls of the airways and in the vasculature they contain. In this study, we show that the adaptive immune system is essential for airway remodeling that occurs in mice that are chronically infected with the respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma pulmonis. Angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and epithelial remodeling were greatly reduced in mice that lacked B cells. Substantiating a role for Ab and airway immune complexes, we found that the transfer of immune serum to B cell-deficient mice could reconstitute pathogen-induced angiogenesis. Inflammatory cells recruited to the infected airways were activated by the humoral response, and this activation correlated with the induction of genes for remodeling factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor-D. The results reveal a novel pathway whereby T cell-dependent humoral immunity to a persistent airway infection can induce inflammation-dependent angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and chronic airway pathology.
Logic Synthesis Meets Machine Learning: Trading Exactness for Generalization (2021)

Logic synthesis is a fundamental step in hardware design whose goal is to find structural representations of Boolean functions while minimizing delay and area. If the function is completely-specified, the implementation accurately represents the function. If the function is incompletely-specified, the implementation has to be true only on the care set. While most of the algorithms in logic synthesis rely on SAT and Boolean methods to exactly implement the care set, we investigate learning in logic synthesis, attempting to trade exactness for generalization. This work is directly related to machine learning where the care set is the training set and the implementation is expected to generalize on a validation set. We present learning incompletely-specified functions based on the results of a competition conducted at IWLS 2020. The goal of the competition was to implement 100 functions given by a set of care minterms for training, while testing the implementation using a set of validation minterms sampled from the same function. We make this benchmark suite available and offer a detailed comparative analysis of the different approaches to learning.
Is Year of Radical Prostatectomy a Predictor of Outcome in Prostate Cancer? (2004)

When controlling for preoperative features, the year in which RP was performed is a predictor of outcome on multivariate analysis. This effect could not be explained by stage migration.
Brain Vacuolation Resulting From Administration of the Type II Ampakine CX717 Is An Artifact Related to Molecular Structure and Chemical Reaction With Tissue Fixative Agents (2017)

Ampakines are small molecule positive allosteric modulators of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA). One class II ("low impact") ampakine, CX717, has been implicated to have a neurotoxic effect based on findings in nonclinical, long-term toxicity studies. The neurotoxicity concerns, which halted the clinical development of the molecule, arose due to a finding of extensive white matter vacuolation in multiple brain regions of animals that were administered high doses of CX717 in several test species (unpublished data). This work characterized the features and a potential mechanism by which ampakines induce vacuoles in brain tissue. Brain sections from adult rats given CX717 (750 mg/kg BID by oral gavage) exhibited no vacuoles with acute or short-term dosing. However, after 14 or more days of treatment, vacuoles were prominent in cerebellum, globus pallidus, and hippocampus. Vacuole margins were lined by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and by transmission electron microscopy were shown to be astrocyte processes. CX717-associated vacuoles occurred in formaldehyde-fixed specimens but not flash-frozen samples. Time-course experiments showed that brain tissue slices from CX717-treated animals exhibit no vacuoles until immersed in formaldehyde fixative, whereupon vacuoles form and expand in a time-dependent manner. Chemical interactions in test tube experiments have demonstrated that the combination of CX717 and formalin in an aqueous solution produces an exothermic reaction. Taken together, the data indicate that CX717 does not induce vacuoles in vivo, but rather is associated with astrocyte vacuolation post mortem, likely as the ampakine reacts with formalin to produce gas pockets in brain parenchyma.
UWB Dual-Vivaldi nano-antenna and load effect on the reflection properties (2013)

Dual-Vivaldi nanoantenna arrays were designed, fabricated and optically characterized in the infrared (IR) and visible regimes. The antenna arrays were characterized by measuring the scattered light at IR (1450-1640 nm) and visible (780 nm) spectral ranges. The radiation efficiency and the spectral response of the antennas were found to be in good agreement with numerical simulations. The results presented here demonstrate the extremely wide-band nature of the dual-Vivaldi antennas and the strong dependence of the scattering response on the load at the antenna terminals. These properties, as well as their many degrees of freedom for design, render the dual-Vivaldi antennas excellent candidates for optical sensing applications.
Acceleration of potential-induced degradation in crystalline Si photovoltaic modules after a lightning impulse strike (2023)

Abstract The potential-induced degradation (PID) is one of the significant issues in realizing low-cost electricity from photovoltaic (PV) power generation plants. In this paper, we have investigated PID in crystalline Si (c-Si) PV modules with conventional p-type multicrystalline Si solar cells after the application of lightning impulse strikes. Lightning impulses with a voltage of −40 kV were applied to the module between the shorted electrodes of the c-Si cell and the mimic aluminum frame. It is confirmed that no degradation in the electrical characteristics of the c-Si cell occurs by applying the impulse only. We have found that the PID of c-Si PV modules was accelerated by applying the impulses between a c-Si cell and a metal frame. The acceleration of PID in the module applied with a lightning impulse might be caused by the migration of Na + ions easily toward the c-Si cell owing to damage to the ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulant by impulses.
Desensitized D2 autoreceptors are resistant to trafficking (2017)

Dendritic release of dopamine activates dopamine D2 autoreceptors, which are inhibitory G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), to decrease the excitability of dopamine neurons. This study used tagged D2 receptors to identify the localization and distribution of these receptors in living midbrain dopamine neurons. GFP-tagged D2 receptors were found to be unevenly clustered on the soma and dendrites of dopamine neurons within the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). Physiological signaling and desensitization of the tagged receptors were not different from wild type receptors. Unexpectedly, upon desensitization the tagged D2 receptors were not internalized. When tagged D2 receptors were expressed in locus coeruleus neurons, a desensitizing protocol induced significant internalization. Likewise, when tagged µ-opioid receptors were expressed in dopamine neurons they too were internalized. The distribution and lack of agonist-induced internalization of D2 receptors on dopamine neurons indicate a purposefully regulated localization of these receptors.
Studies with Timed-Pregnant Squirrel Monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) (1979)

Timed-pregnant monkeys were produced in a large nonhabituated colony of Saimiri sciureus of Bolivian origin. In a colony of 373 females and 40 males, 277 females (74%) were considered to be inseminated, based on microscopic observation of sperm and/or detection of a coagulum (plug) in the vagina. Forty-six full-term progeny were delivered. The mean gestational period was 152.5 days (SD = 3.9 days). For continuous cohabitation, the median time to insemination was five days, with 75% of inseminations occurring within eight days. Pregnancy evaluation (mouse bioassay) indicated a high level of resorptions within the first 50 days of gestation. This may help explain the low birth rates reported for other nonhaibuated colonies.