gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study on constrained efficient global optimization method for noisy computational fluid dynamics data (2013)

The efficient global optimization method is a global optimization technique that can select the next sample point automatically by infill sampling criteria and search for the global minimum with less samples than the conventional global optimization needs. Infill sampling criteria function consists of the predictor and mean square error provided from the kriging model, which is a stochastic metamodel. Also, the constrained efficient global optimization method can minimize the objective function when dealing with constraints under the efficient global optimization concept. In this study, the constrained efficient global optimization method was applied to the RAE2822 airfoil shape design formulated with constraint. But the noisy computational fluid dynamics data caused the kriging model to fail to depict the true function. The distorted kriging model would make the efficient global optimization deviate from the correct search. This distortion of kriging model can be handled with the interpolation (p = free) kriging model. With the interpolation (p = free) kriging model, however, the search for efficient global optimization solution was stalled in a narrow feasible region, so there were less chances to update the objective and constraint functions. Then the accuracy of the efficient global optimization solution may not be good enough, so the three-step search method is proposed to obtain an accurate global minimum as well as prevent the distortion of kriging model for the noisy constrained computational fluid dynamics problem.
DGC-Net: Dense Geometric Correspondence Network (2018)

This paper addresses the challenge of dense pixel correspondence estimation between two images. This problem is closely related to optical flow estimation task where ConvNets (CNNs) have recently achieved significant progress. While optical flow methods produce very accurate results for the small pixel translation and limited appearance variation scenarios, they hardly deal with the strong geometric transformations that we consider in this work. In this paper, we propose a coarse-to-fine CNN-based framework that can leverage the advantages of optical flow approaches and extend them to the case of large transformations providing dense and subpixel accurate estimates. It is trained on synthetic transformations and demonstrates very good performance to unseen, realistic, data. Further, we apply our method to the problem of relative camera pose estimation and demonstrate that the model outperforms existing dense approaches.
Novel in-situ focus monitor technology in attenuated phase shift mask under actual illumination conditions (2004)

Focus monitor technology for attenuated phase shift masks under annular illumination has been developed for a in-line quality control. The focus monitor pattern on a reticle employs a pair of grouped lozenge-shaped opening patterns in the attenuated phase shifting region. Since the phase shifting angles of light passing through the first and second opening patterns are 90° and 0°, respectively, the best focus position for the first pattern shifts to that of the second pattern. Subtraction of the length of the patterns is a linear function of the actual focal position printed on the wafer. The linear function is insensitive to further mask phase error. Therefore, the effective focal position can be extracted by measuring that subtracted from the measured length. High resolution of 10 nm defocus was achieved using this technique.
Concurrent Meta Reinforcement Learning (2019)

State-of-the-art meta reinforcement learning algorithms typically assume the setting of a single agent interacting with its environment in a sequential manner. A negative side-effect of this sequential execution paradigm is that, as the environment becomes more and more challenging, and thus requiring more interaction episodes for the meta-learner, it needs the agent to reason over longer and longer time-scales. To combat the difficulty of long time-scale credit assignment, we propose an alternative parallel framework, which we name "Concurrent Meta-Reinforcement Learning" (CMRL), that transforms the temporal credit assignment problem into a multi-agent reinforcement learning one. In this multi-agent setting, a set of parallel agents are executed in the same environment and each of these "rollout" agents are given the means to communicate with each other. The goal of the communication is to coordinate, in a collaborative manner, the most efficient exploration of the shared task the agents are currently assigned. This coordination therefore represents the meta-learning aspect of the framework, as each agent can be assigned or assign itself a particular section of the current task's state space. This framework is in contrast to standard RL methods that assume that each parallel rollout occurs independently, which can potentially waste computation if many of the rollouts end up sampling the same part of the state space. Furthermore, the parallel setting enables us to define several reward sharing functions and auxiliary losses that are non-trivial to apply in the sequential setting. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed CMRL at improving over sequential methods in a variety of challenging tasks.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Lin<sup>−</sup>Sca-1<sup>+</sup>CD49f<sup>high</sup> Stem/Progenitors Are Tumor-Initiating Cells in the <i>Pten</i>-Null Prostate Cancer Model (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from Lin&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;Sca-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;CD49f&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; Stem/Progenitors Are Tumor-Initiating Cells in the &lt;i&gt;Pten&lt;/i&gt;-Null Prostate Cancer Model
Experimental Investigation of Training Sequence for Adaptive Equalizer Initialization in DP-16QAM System (2013)

A training sequence which realizes frame synchronization, frequency offset estimation and channel estimation simultaneously at the initial capturing stage is proposed and verified in a 32Gbaud DP-16QAM system. Experiment shows that it tolerates various linear distortions, such as CD, PMD and PDL, and avoids the singularity problem.
Transposon insertion site profiling chip (TIP-chip) (2006)

Mobile elements are important components of our genomes, with diverse and significant effects on phenotype. Not only can transposons inactivate genes by direct disruption and shuffle the genome through recombination, they can also alter gene expression subtly or powerfully. Currently active transposons are highly polymorphic in host populations, including, among hundreds of others, L1 and Alu elements in humans and Ty1 elements in yeast. For this reason, we wished to develop a simple genome-wide method for identifying all transposons in any given sample. We have designed a transposon insertion site profiling chip (TIP-chip), a microarray intended for use as a high-throughput technique for mapping transposon insertions. By selectively amplifying transposon flanking regions and hybridizing them to the array, we can locate all transposons present in a sample. We have tested the TIP-chip extensively to map Ty1 retrotransposon insertions in yeast and have achieved excellent results in two laboratory strains as well as in evolved Ty1 high-copy strains. We are able to identify all of the theoretically detectable transposons in the FY2 lab strain, with essentially no false positives. In addition, we mapped many new transposon copies in the high-copy Ty1 strain and determined its Ty1 insertion pattern.
In situ Raman spectroscopy of peroxide ions on barium/magnesium oxide catalysts (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn situ Raman spectroscopy of peroxide ions on barium/magnesium oxide catalystsJack H. Lunsford, Xueming Yang, Kristjan Haller, Jaan Laane, Gerhard Mestl, and Helmut KnoezingerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 51, 13810–13813Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100153a061https://doi.org/10.1021/j100153a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1102Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Biofilm disruption by an air bubble reveals heterogeneous age-dependent detachment patterns dictated by initial extracellular matrix distribution (2017)

Bacteria often adhere to surfaces, where they form communities known as biofilms. Recently, it has been shown that biofilm formation initiates with the microscopically heterogeneous deposition of a skeleton of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) by individual cells crawling on the surface, followed by growth of the biofilm into a surface-covering continuum. Here we report microfluidic experiments with <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> biofilms showing that their "hidden" heterogeneity can affect the later dynamics of their disruption. Using controlled air bubbles as a model for mechanical insult, we demonstrate that biofilm disruption is strongly dependent on biofilm age, and that disruption to early-stage biofilms can take the shape of a semi-regular pattern of ~15 µm diameter holes from which bacteria have been removed. We explain hole formation in terms of the rupture and retreat of the thin liquid layer created by the long bubble, which scrapes bacteria off the surface and rearranges their distribution. We find that the resulting pattern correlates with the spatial distribution of EPS: holes form where there is less EPS, whereas regions with more EPS act as strongholds against the scraping liquid front. These results show that heterogeneity in the microscale EPS skeleton of biofilms has profound consequences for later dynamics, including disruption. Because few attached cells suffice to regrow a biofilm, these results point to the importance of considering microscale heterogeneity when designing and assessing the effectiveness of biofilm removal strategies by mechanical forces.
Amphiphilic Block Copolymer of Styrene and Ionic Acetylene (1996)

A novel amphiphilic block copolymer of an ionic acetylene and styrene was prepared. Initiation of the N-methyl-2-ethynylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (2EPyMeTf) by living anionic polystyryl-−Li+ resulted in polystyrene12-block-poly(2EPyMeTf)4. This amphiphilic block copolymer (PS-PA) contains a conjugated and strongly hydrophilic polyacetylene chain attached to a more flexible hydrophobic polystyrene chain. The structure of PS-PA was confirmed by FT-IR, UV−visible, and 1H, 13C, 14N, and 19F NMR spectroscopy. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), and viscometry were used to obtain information on the molecular mass and molecular mass distribution. Thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PS-PA was shown to form a stable monolayer at the air−water interface. The positively charged rigid polyacetylene segments are believed to be at the water surface and only partially submerge, while the more flexible hydrophobic polystyrene chains are forced out of the water. Doping with iodine was found to cause a contraction of the monolayer. Uniform and stable multilayers were deposited using both Langmuir−Blodgett and self-assembly deposition techniques without the need for a polyanion. Conductivity measurements of the multilayer assemblies suggested an alternating insulator−semiconductor layer structure of the deposited films.
Needle-free small-volume liquid injection system powered by a rotary actuator (2017)

Controllable jet injection could provide a fast, repeatable method for delivery of small volume, high viscosity drugs to the dermis. We have developed a compact, lightweight jet injector that uses a small commercial rotary motor and differential screw to create a jet of fluid with sufficient force to deliver drug into tissue. Clear tissue analogue and ex vivo tissue were used to demonstrate repeatable delivery of <;10 μL of fluid using the device. The fluid when forced through a narrow orifice (108 μm) reaches a velocity of >250 m/s with an injection time of <;3 ms.
The search for antimicrobial agents effective against bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics (1997)

Free access1 March 1997 Share on The search for antimicrobial agents effective against bacteria resistant to multiple antibioticsAuthors: I Chopra, J Hodgson, B Metcalf, G PosteAuthors Info & AffiliationsDOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.41.3.497 PDF/EPUB
Acoustofluidic particle manipulation inside a sessile droplet: four distinct regimes of particle concentration (2015)

In this study, we have investigated the motion of polystyrene microparticles inside a sessile droplet of water actuated by surface acoustic waves (SAWs), which produce an acoustic streaming flow (ASF) and impart an acoustic radiation force (ARF) on the particles. We have categorized four distinct regimes (R1-R4) of particle aggregation that depend on the particle diameter, the SAW frequency, the acoustic wave field (travelling or standing), the acoustic waves' attenuation length, and the droplet volume. The particles are concentrated at the centre of the droplet in the form of a bead (R1), around the periphery of the droplet in the form of a ring (R2), at the side of the droplet in the form of an isolated island (R3), and close to the centre of the droplet in the form of a smaller ring (R4). The ASF-based drag force, the travelling or standing SAW-based ARF, and the centrifugal force are utilized in various combinations to produce these distinct regimes. For simplicity, we fixed the fluid volume at 5 μL, varied the SAW actuation frequency (10, 20, 80, and 133 MHz), and tested several particle diameters in the range 1-30 μm to explicitly demonstrate the regimes R1-R4. We have further demonstrated the separation of particles (1 and 10 μm, 3 and 5 μm) using mixed regime configurations (R1 and R2, R2 and R4, respectively).
Supplemental Figures from EZH2 Modifies Sunitinib Resistance in Renal Cell Carcinoma by Kinome Reprogramming (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental data on additional models to support the role of EZH2 in RTKi resistance&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 1 from Neutrophil Conversion to a Tumor-Killing Phenotype Underpins Effective Microbial Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization of neutrophil populations in single cell analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
Distributed Optimization in Heterogeneous Networks with Proportional Fairness (2010)

International audience
Regulation of endothelial and mesothelial cell function by interleukin- 13: selective induction of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and amplification of interleukin-6 production (1994)

The present study was designed to explore the interaction of interleukin-13 (IL-13) with vascular endothelial cells (EC). In vitro exposure to IL-13 of human umbilical vein EC induced surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). At optimal concentrations (10 to 50 ng/mL) and exposure times (24 hours), IL-13 was a twofold to threefold less effective inducer of VCAM-1 than IL-1, which was used as reference EC activator. When IL-13 was combined with IL-1, an almost additive induction of VCAM-1 was observed. Induction of VCAM-1 by IL-13 was selective in that E-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were unaffected. IL-13 caused a modest reduction of IL-1 induction of E-selectin and ICAM-1. Surface expression of VCAM-1 on IL-13-treated cells was associated with mRNA induction (as assessed by Northern analysis and reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction), with predominance of transcripts encoding the 7 Ig domain form of this molecule. In agreement with previous reports, IL-13 inhibited cytokine production in human monocytes. In contrast, IL-13 was a weak inducer and an amplifier (in concert with IL- 1) of IL-6 expression in EC. Mesothelial cells, which share properties with EC and regulate the traffic and function of leukocytes in serosal cavities, were stimulated to express VCAM-1 and IL-6 by IL-13. Thus, IL- 13 elicits a spectrum of responses in vascular endothelium remarkably similar to that of IL-4 and IL-10. Interaction of these cytokines with vascular endothelium may play an important role in the induction and expression of Th2-dependent responses.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Anaplastic, Plasmablastic, and Plasmacytic Plasmacytomas of Mice: Relationships to Human Plasma Cell Neoplasms and Late-Stage Differentiation of Normal B Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Anaplastic, Plasmablastic, and Plasmacytic Plasmacytomas of Mice: Relationships to Human Plasma Cell Neoplasms and Late-Stage Differentiation of Normal B Cells
Shorter is better: The case for short antibiotic courses for common infections in solid organ transplant recipients (2022)

There are known harms associated with antibiotics and, when studied, existing data do not demonstrate harm associated with shorter courses of antibiotics among SOTRs. Furthermore, several RCTs did include some immune compromised patients and found shorter therapy to result in similar clinical efficacy with diminished adverse effects. Shorter antibiotic durations should be considered in SOTRs, and questions of antibiotic duration among SOTRs should be prioritized for study in clinical trials.
Large-Area Three-Dimensional Molecular Ordering of a Polymer Brush by One-Step Processing (2010)

Rational molecular design and processing, enabling large-area molecular ordering, are important for creating high-performance organic materials and devices. We show that, upon one-step hot-pressing with uniaxially stretched Teflon sheets, a polymer brush carrying azobenzene-containing mesogenic side chains self-assembles into a freestanding film, where the polymer backbone aligns homeotropically to the film plane and the side chains align horizontally. Such an ordered structure forms through translation of a one-dimensional molecular order of the Teflon sheet and propagates from the interface macroscopically on both sides of the film. The resultant wide-area bimorph configuration allows the polymer film to bend rapidly and reversibly when the azobenzene units are photoisomerized. The combination of polymer brushes with hot-pressing and Teflon sheets provides many possibilities in designing functional soft materials.
Stray light and shading reduction in digital photography: a new model and algorithm (2008)

In optical imaging systems, specifically digital cameras, part of the incoming light flux is misdirected to undesired locations due to scattering, undesired reflections, diffraction and lens aberrations. The portion due mainly to scattering and undesired reflections is called stray light. Stray light reduces contrast and causes color inaccuracy in images. The point spread function (PSF) model for stray light is shift variant and has been studied by Jansson et al. (1998) and Bitlis et al. (2007). In this paper, we keep the model's shift variant nature and improve it by first normalizing it and then incorporating the shading effect inherent in the optical system. We then develop an efficient method to estimate the model parameters by using a locally shift invariant approximation. Finally, we reduce the stray light by deconvolution. We conducted extensive experiments with two camera models. Results from these experiments show the reduction of stray light and thus the improvement of image quality and fidelity.
Compiler and runtime techniques for software transactional memory optimization (2008)

Abstract Software transactional memory (STM) systems are an attractive environment to evaluate optimistic concurrency. We describe our experience of supporting and optimizing an STM system at both the managed runtime and compiler levels. We describe the design policies of our STM system and the statistics collected by the runtime to identify performance bottlenecks and guide tuning decisions. We present an initial work on supporting automatic instrumentation of the STM primitives for C/C++ and Java programs in the IBM XL compiler and J9 Java virtual machine. We evaluate and discuss the performance of several transactional programs running on our system. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Edge-Caching Wireless Networks: Energy-Efficient Design and Optimization. (2017)

Edge-caching has received much attention as an efficient technique to reduce delivery latency and network congestion during peak-traffic times by bringing data closer to end users. Existing works usually design caching algorithms separately from physical layer design. In this paper, we analyse edge-caching wireless networks by taking into account the caching capability when designing the signal transmission. Particularly, we investigate multi-layer caching where both base station (BS) and users are capable of storing content data in their local cache and analyse the performance of edge-caching wireless networks under two notable uncoded and coded caching strategies. Firstly, we propose a coded caching strategy that is applied to arbitrary values of cache size. The required backhaul and access rates are derived as a function of the BS and user cache size. Secondly, closed-form expressions for the system energy efficiency (EE) corresponding to the two caching methods are derived. Based on the derived formulas, the system EE is maximized via precoding vectors design and optimization while satisfying a predefined user request rate. Thirdly, two optimization problems are proposed to minimize the content delivery time for the two caching strategies. Finally, numerical results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the two caching methods.
Plasmonic nanostructures based on block copolymer templates for efficient organic solar cells (2016)

Plasmonic nanostructures fabricated from self-assembled patterns of block copolymers (BCPs) were applied for organic solar cells (OSCs). A thin film of a cylinder-forming polystrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymer (PS-b-P2VP) was spin-coated on the transparent electrode of the OSCs, where nanostructures such as dot, dot with mixed line, and line patterns emerged during different solvent annealing processes. Selective conversion of hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (III) (HAuCl4) in P2VP blocks yielded gold (Au) nanostructures, which were used to trigger the localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) effect at the OSCs. Plasmonic nanostructures with almost similar scales of BCP patterns were formed at the anode/buffer interface at the OSC, showing no-table enhancements of the short circuit current (J sc) and the power conversion efficiency (3.57% for the reference compared to 4.35% for the optimum LSPR-OSC) as the size and the anisotropy of Au patterns changed from a simple dot through an integrated dot-line pattern to a line pattern. Based on the experimental analyses of the light absorption, photoluminescence, and exciton lifetime of OSC, such an enhancement would be mainly attributed to size-dependent LSPR-induced scattering and absorption at the OSC’s active layer, which is not in intimate contact with the Au nanostructures. Up to a 26% increase in the power conversion efficiency could be observed at the plasmonic structures from BCP template, providing an accurately tuning and powerful tailoring of the LSPR-enhancing patterns for the OSCs.