gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urokinase Receptor Deficiency Accelerates Renal Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy (2003)

The urokinase cellular receptor (uPAR) recognizes the N-terminal growth factor domain of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and is expressed by several cell types. The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that uPAR regulates the renal fibrogenic response to chronic injury. Groups of uPAR wild-type (+/+) and deficient (-/-) mice were investigated between 3 and 14 d after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) or sham surgery. Not detected in normal kidneys, uPAR mRNA was expressed in response to UUO in the +/+ mice. By in situ hybridization, uPAR mRNA transcripts were detected in renal tubules and interstitial cells of the obstructed uPAR+/+ kidneys. The severity of renal fibrosis, based on the measurement of total collagen (13.5 +/- 1.5 versus 9.8 +/- 1.0 microg/mg kidney on day 14; -/- versus +/+) and interstitial area stained by Masson trichrome (22 +/- 4% versus 14 +/- 3% on day 14; -/- versus +/+) was significantly greater in the uPAR-/- mice. In the absence of uPAR, renal uPA activity was significantly decreased compared with the wild-type animals after UUO (62 +/- 20 versus 135 +/- 13 units at day 3 UUO; 74 +/- 17 versus 141 +/- 16 at day 7 UUO; 98 +/- 20 versus 165 +/- 10 at day 14 UUO; -/- versus +/+). In contrast, renal expression of several genes that regulate plasmin activity were similar in both genotypes, including uPA, tPA, PAI-1, protease nexin-1, and alpha2-antiplasmin. Worse renal fibrosis in the uPAR-/- mice appears to be TGF-beta-independent, as TGF-beta activity was actually reduced by 65% in the -/- mice despite similar renal TGF-beta1 mRNA levels. Significantly lower levels of the major 2.3-kb transcript and the 69-kd active protein of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), a known anti-fibrotic growth factor, in the uPAR-/- mice suggests a potential link between HGF and the renoprotective effects of uPAR. These data suggest that renal uPAR attenuates the fibrogenic response to renal injury, an outcome that is mediated in part by urokinase-dependent but plasminogen-independent functions.
CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION, CARDIAC SURGERY, AND THE NEWBORN INFANT—1969 (1969)

Surgical successes in newborn infants with critical cardiac defects challenge pediatricians, pediatric cardiologists, and thoracic surgeons to recognize, diagnose, and correct these lesions. The report of Varghese and his colleagues documenting the management of 100 consecutive infants with apparently life-threatening cardiac malformations will be of interest to all concerned. Such newborn infants present formidable problems. The difficulties of recognizing which infant has a naturally fatal lesion, the suddenness and rapidity with which the clinical course may shift downwards, the logistics of transferring a sick infant to a center equipped and staffed for emergency cardiac catheterization and emergency surgery, the technical difficulties of miniaturizing equipment for cardiac catheterization and cardiac surgery, and the inherent risks of diagnostic catheterization and cardiac surgery in seriously ill babies are sobering obstacles.
The farthest point strategy for progressive image sampling (1997)

A new method of farthest point strategy (FPS) for progressive image acquisition-an acquisition process that enables an approximation of the whole image at each sampling stage-is presented. Its main advantage is in retaining its uniformity with the increased density, providing efficient means for sparse image sampling and display. In contrast to previously presented stochastic approaches, the FPS guarantees the uniformity in a deterministic min-max sense. Within this uniformity criterion, the sampling points are irregularly spaced, exhibiting anti-aliasing properties comparable to those characteristic of the best available method (Poisson disk). A straightforward modification of the FPS yields an image-dependent adaptive sampling scheme. An efficient O(N log N) algorithm for both versions is introduced, and several applications of the FPS are discussed.
Computer-Assisted Spinal Osteotomy (2010)

The use of a computer-assisted navigation system will help ensure the safety and efficacy of a complex 3D spinal osteotomy.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF THE TOTALLY DEGENERATE BICYCLO(3.2.2)NONATRIENYL RADICAL BY ELECTRON TRANSFER (1978)

Abstract Mit einem Gemisch aus K‐ethylthiolat und Ethylmercaptan wird aus dem Sulfat (I) ausschließlich das Sulfid (IIa) erhalten, aber kein Bicyclononatrien.
Large Enhancement in the Third Order Response of Asymmetric β-Carotenoïds (1995)

Trans-β-Carotene shows one of the largest instantaneous off-resonant nonlinearities reported to date. 1 Increasing the electron conjugation with longer back bones, polymers, has been the most common approach to enhance such a nonlinear optical response 2 . However it has been recognized that molecular asymmetrization represents another viable route for increasing the third order susceptibility without having to pay a price for smaller molecular densities, an increased molecular instability and poor solubility 3 . Here we report an enhancement of approximately a factor of 50.
A User Interface-Level Integration Method for Multiple Automatic Speech Translation Systems. (2006)

We propose a new method to integrate multiple speech translation systems based on user interface-level integration. Users can select the result of free-sentence speech translation or that of registered sentence translation without being conscious of the configuration of the automatic speech translation system. We implemented this method on a portable device.
The Laser-Assisted Photoelectric Effect from Solids (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Luis Miaja-Avila, Guido Saathoff, Chifong Lei, Martin Aeschlimann, John L. Gland, Margaret M. Murnane, and Henry C. Kapteyn, "The Laser-Assisted Photoelectric Effect from Solids," Optics & Photonics News 17(12), 47-47 (2006) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Selective deposition of a gadolinium(III) cluster in a hole opening of single-wall carbon nanohorn (2004)

Selective synthesis of particles of angstrom to nanometer size consisting of one to many metal atoms is instrumental in various applications, but it has been hampered by the tendency of the metal atom to form large clusters. We found, as studied by the state-of-the-art electron microscopic technique, a strategy to produce metal-containing nanoparticles isolated from each other by depositing metal atoms in a hydrophilic hole on or in the interior of a carbon nanotube as demonstrated by the reaction of Gd(OAc)(3) with oxidized single-wall nanohorns. Besides the potential utilities of the deposited metal clusters, the metal deposition protocol provides a method to control permeation of molecules through such openings.
Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker disease due to a novel prion protein gene mutation (2011)

Prion diseases are rapidly progressive, fatal brain disorders arising sporadically, genetically, or by infection.1 Dominant, high-penetrance mutations in the gene ( PRNP ) encoding the prion protein (PrP) cause 5%–15% of human cases.2 Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker (GSS) disease is an exceedingly rare inherited phenotype,2 defined neuropathologically by multicentric, PrP-containing amyloid plaques. We present a patient with prominent seizures, cognitive decline, and ataxia who was found to have a novel mutation in PRNP .

### Case report.

A 34-year-old man presented in status epilepticus. Despite multiple anticonvulsants, he continued to have complex partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures. He developed an unsteady gait, slurred speech, and personality change marked by disinhibition. Three years prior, he had onset of gradual cognitive decline, which accelerated following the onset of epilepsy. Eight years prior, the patient had developed night terrors, which resolved spontaneously after 6 years. Otherwise, the patient was healthy. His 7-year-old son was recently diagnosed with Asperger syndrome.

Examination showed a Montreal Cognitive Assessment score of 15/30. Neuropsychiatric assessment revealed memory and executive function deficits. The patient demonstrated saccadic pursuit, square wave jerks, and flaccid dysarthria. Power and reflexes were normal; plantar responses were flexor. There was diffuse paratonia and axial rigidity. Finger-to-nose testing was normal but he had mild difficulty with heel-to-shin testing. Rapid alternating movements were impaired by apraxia. Gait was slightly wide-based. Nonstimulus-sensitive myoclonus was present.

The patient underwent extensive investigations (table e-1 on the Neurology ® Web site at www.neurology.org). Brain MRI on multiple occasions showed mild diffuse cortical atrophy and mild cerebellar vermian atrophy without restricted diffusion or gadolinium …
Thickness variation compensation in a Fabry–Perot modulator array using a self-tuned Fabry–Perot structure (1997)

A method is presented for compensating cavity thickness variations in conventional Fabry–Perot devices through the replacement of the input mirror with a holographic mirror, resulting in a self-tuned Fabry–Perot (STFP) device. The technique is suitable for integrating large arrays of electro-optic Fabry–Perot modulators with silicon circuitry. Experimental results of a STFP modulator are presented showing cavity thickness compensation of an electrooptic 9/65/35 bulk lead lanthanum zirconate titanate crystal having thickness variations corresponding to ~6 Fabry–Perot fringes in a 2.5×2.5mm2 area. The compensated modulator used an in situ recorded Fe-doped LiNbO3 holographic mirror, and had a uniform backreflection over a 2.5×2.5mm2 area.
MOF catalysis in relation to their homogeneous counterparts and conventional solid catalysts (2014)

Metal–organic frameworks have recently attracted attention as heterogeneous catalysts due to their high content of metal centres and large surface area and pore volume, along with their impressive topological richness. Therefore, many studies describing the use of MOFs as heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts have been published. In this regard, these efforts have been directed towards probing the catalytic activity. Further information is required in terms of kinetic parameters and comparison of performance with their homogeneous counterparts, or other conventional heterogeneous catalysts. Here we have attempted to put MOFs into perspective with respect to their homogeneous counterparts and more conventional heterogeneous catalysts to show their advantages and limitations. We have exemplified a number of reactions reported in the literature wherein MOFs have been used as catalysts, and we have carried them out using homogeneous counterparts, i.e. benzoates and acetates, and other well defined conventional solid catalysts. The activities and selectivities of the catalysts are compared and then put into perspective on the basis of kinetic parameters, such as turnover numbers and turnover frequencies. Additionally, we illustrate using selected examples what the potential advantages of MOF catalysts could be, and how they may outperform the potential of other solid catalysts.
Final Report of a CRADA Between Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and the General Motors Company (CRADA No. PNNL/271): ?Degradation Mechanisms of Urea Selective Catalytic Reduction Technology? (2011)

Diesel engines can offer substantially higher fuel efficiency, good driving performance characteristics, and reduced carbon dioxide (CO2) emission compared to stoichiometric gasoline engines. Despite the increasing public demand for higher fuel economy and reduced dependency on imported oil, however, meeting the stringent emission standards with affordable methods has been a major challenge for the wide application of these fuel-efficient engines in the US market. The selective catalytic reduction of NOx by urea (urea-SCR) is one of the most promising technologies for NOx emission control for diesel engine exhausts. To ensure successful NOx emission control in the urea-SCR technology, both a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a urea-SCR catalyst with high activity and durability are critical for the emission control system. Because the use of this technology for light-duty diesel vehicle applications is new, the relative lack of experience makes it especially challenging to satisfy the durability requirements. Of particular concern is being able to realistically simulate actual field aging of the catalyst systems under laboratory conditions, which is necessary both as a rapid assessment tool for verifying improved performance and certifiability of new catalyst formulations. In addition, it is imperative to develop a good understanding of deactivation mechanisms to help develop improved catalyst materials. In this CRADA program, General Motors Company and PNNL have investigated fresh, laboratory- and vehicle-aged DOC and SCR catalysts. The studies have led to a better understanding of various aging factors that impact the long-term performance of catalysts used in the urea-SCR technology, and have improved the correlation between laboratory and vehicle aging for reduced development time and cost. This Final Report briefly highlights many of the technical accomplishments and documents the productivity of the program in terms of peer-reviewed scientific publications (2 total), reports (3 total including this Final Report), and presentations (5 total).
Silicon-based visible and near-infrared optoelectric devices (2023)

In one aspect, the present invention provides a silicon photodetector having a surface layer that is doped with sulfur inclusions with an average concentration in a range of about 0.5 atom percent to about 1.5 atom percent. The surface layer forms a diode junction with an underlying portion of the substrate. A plurality of electrical contacts allow application of a reverse bias voltage to the junction in order to facilitate generation of an electrical signal, e.g., a photocurrent, in response to irradiation of the surface layer. The photodetector exhibits a responsivity great than about 1 A/W for incident wavelengths in a range of about 250 nm to about 1050 nm, and a responsivity greater than about 0.1 A/W for longer wavelenths, e.g., up to about 3.5 microns.
The D2 receptor is critical in mediating opiate motivation only in opiate‐dependent and withdrawn mice (2001)

According to the dual systems model for opiate reward, dopamine mediates opiate motivation when an animal is in a deprived motivational state (i.e. opiate-dependent and in withdrawal) and not when an animal is in a nondeprived state (i.e. previously drug-naive). To determine the role of the D2 dopamine receptor subtype in mediating opiate motivation, we examined the behaviour of N5 congenic D2 receptor knockout mice and their wild-type siblings in opiate-naive and opiate-dependent and withdrawn place conditioning paradigms. Opiate-naive D2 receptor knockout mice demonstrated acquisition of morphine-conditioned place preference but failed to acquire place preference when conditioned in the deprived state. We propose that D2 receptor function is critical in mediating the motivational effects of opiates only when the animal is in an opiate-dependent and withdrawn motivational state. These findings also underscore the important influence of the genetic background to a given phenotype, as evidenced by the observation that increasing the allelic contribution from the 129/SvJ strain abolishes morphine place preference in C57BL/6 wild-type mice.
What If We Only Use Real Datasets for Scene Text Recognition? Toward Scene Text Recognition With Fewer Labels (2021)

Scene text recognition (STR) task has a common practice: All state-of-the-art STR models are trained on large synthetic data. In contrast to this practice, training STR models only on fewer real labels (STR with fewer labels) is important when we have to train STR models without synthetic data: for handwritten or artistic texts that are difficult to generate synthetically and for languages other than English for which we do not always have synthetic data. However, there has been implicit common knowledge that training STR models on real data is nearly impossible because real data is insufficient. We consider that this common knowledge has obstructed the study of STR with fewer labels. In this work, we would like to reactivate STR with fewer labels by disproving the common knowledge. We consolidate recently accumulated public real data and show that we can train STR models satisfactorily only with real labeled data. Subsequently, we find simple data augmentation to fully exploit real data. Furthermore, we improve the models by collecting unlabeled data and introducing semi- and self-supervised methods. As a result, we obtain a competitive model to state-of-the-art methods. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that 1) shows sufficient performance by only using real labels and 2) introduces semi- and self-supervised methods into STR with fewer labels. Our code and data are available: https://github.com/ku21fan/STR-Fewer-Labels.
Toward virtual manipulation: from one point of contact to four (2004)

This paper describes a series of kinematic and haptic analyses which lead to the design of a particularly simple, yet useful multi‐hand, multi‐finger haptic interface. The proposed device is desktop‐based and has been built with maximizing transparency in mind. By interacting with virtual environments, using two fingers per hand, users are able to grasp and manipulate virtual objects, something that current state‐of‐the‐art commercial desktop haptic devices do not allow. These additional capabilities lend themselves to more complex virtual reality and teleoperation applications such as surgical training, hand rehabilitation and nanomanipulation.
An image dataset of diverse safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes for salt response phenotyping (2022)

This article describes a dataset of high-resolution visible-spectrum images of safflower (<i>Carthamus tinctorius</i> L.) plants obtained from a LemnaTec Scanalyser automated phenomics platform along with the associated image analysis output and manually acquired biomass data. This series contains 1832 images of 200 diverse safflower genotypes, acquired at the Plant Phenomics Victoria, Horsham, Victoria, Australia. Two Prosilica GT RGB (red-green-blue) cameras were used to generate 6576 × 4384 pixel portable network graphic (PNG) images. Safflower genotypes were either subjected to a salt treatment (250 mM NaCl) or grown as a control (0 mM NaCl) and imaged daily from 15 to 36 days after sowing. Each snapshot consists of four images collected at a point in time; one of which is taken from above (top-view) and the remainder from the side at either 0°, 120° or 240°. The dataset also includes analysis output quantifying traits and describing phenotypes, as well as manually collected biomass and leaf ion content data. The usage of the dataset is already demonstrated in Thoday-Kennedy <i>et al.</i> (2021) [1]. This dataset describes the early growth differences of diverse safflower genotypes and identified genotypes tolerant or susceptible to salinity stress. This dataset provides detailed image analysis parameters for phenotyping a large population of safflower that can be used for the training of image-based trait identification pipelines for a wide range of crop species.
Push‐Pull Design of Bis(tridentate) Ruthenium(II) Polypyridine Chromophores as Deep Red Light Emitters in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells (2013)

Abstract Light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LECs) with a simple device structure were prepared by using heteroleptic bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes [ 1 ](PF 6 ) 2 –[ 3 ](PF 6 ) 2 as emitters. The push‐pull substitution shifts the emission energy to low energy, into the NIR region. The devices emit deep red light up to a maximum emission wavelength of 755 nm [CIE (International Commission on Illumination) coordinates: x = 0.731, y = 0.269 for [ 3 ](PF 6 ) 2 ], which, to the best of our knowledge, is the lowest emission energy for LECs containing bis(tridentate) ruthenium(II) complexes. A device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/ruthenium(II) complex/Ag was used, and the thickness of the emitting layer was measured by AFM [ITO: indium tin oxide, PEDOT: poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), PSS: poly(styrenesulfonate), AFM: atomic force microscopy]. To enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE), cells were fabricated with and without poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as additive in the emitting layer.
TOP2A aberrations as predictive and prognostic marker in high-risk breast cancer patients. A randomized DBCG Trial (DBCG89D) (2006)

532 Background: The primary objective of the study was to evaluate TOP2A as predictive marker for adjuvant treatment with epirubicin in high-risk breast cancer patients. As a secondary objective the prognostic characteristics of TOP2A gene aberrations was investigated. The data presented on the predictive properties is a follow-up to the data previously published (Knoop et al, J Clin Oncol 2005; 23: 7483–90). Methods: 962 pre- and postmenopausal high-risk Danish patients were enrolled in the DBCG89D protocol. The patients were randomly allocated to either 9 × CMF (cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, 5-flurouracil) (n=495) or 9 × CEF (cyclophosphamide, epirubicin, 5-flurouracil) (n=467) every 3 weeks. Tumor-tissue was available from 806 patients (84%). The tumors were analyzed for TOP2A copy number changes with the TOP2A FISH pharmDx Kit (Dako, Glostrup). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was used as primary end-point. Univariate and multivariate statistics were used to assess the predictive and prognostic properties of the TOP2A gene aberrations. Results: The TOP2A test was successful in 96% of the patients. Ninety-two (12.0%) patients were found to have TOP2A amplified tumors, and 86 (11.1%) to have TOP2A deleted tumors. For the primary study endpoint (RFS) a significant predictive value of TOP2A gene amplifications was found (HR=0.39; CI: 0.22–0.70; p=0.0017). A similar trend was seen with respect to TOP2A deletions (HR=0.61; CI: 0.35–1.07; p=0.082). TOP2A gene aberrations were significantly associated with several established prognostic factors and had independent prognostic value, associated with a significant worse prognosis both for RFS (p=0.036) and overall survival (p=0.012). Conclusions: The DBCG89D study has shown that TOP2A amplifications are associated with a favorable outcome of adjuvant treatment with epirubicin in primary breast cancer. Further, TOP2A aberrations demonstrated an independent prognostic value. [Table: see text]
Early diagnosis of lung cancer based on proteome analysis of exhaled breath condensate (2016)

A comparative study of the exhaled-breath-condensate (EBC) proteome that was obtained for four donor groups was carried out using ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. The groups included subjects with diagnosed lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, community-acquired pneumonia, and healthy nonsmoking control subjects. More than 300 proteins were identified, while 19 of them were found in the EBC samples of the donors who were diagnosed with lung cancer in the early stages and are potentially significant in the development of a diagnostic lung-cancer biomarker panel. It was shown that the EBC protein profiles of different donor groups can be distinguished. It may be possible to highlight a specific protein group that is typical for certain conditions/diseases of the respiratory system. Thus, the EBC analysis could be a promising non-invasive method for early diagnosis of lung cancer.