gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper(I) Carboxylates of Type [(nBu3P)mCuO2CR] (m = 1, 2, 3) – Synthesis, Properties, and their Use as CVD Precursors (2008)

Abstract Copper(I) carboxylates of type [( n Bu 3 P) m CuO 2 CR] (m = 1: 3a , R = Me; 3b , R = CF 3 ; 3c , R = Ph; 3d , R = CH=CHPh. m = 2: 4a , R = Me; 4b , R = CF 3 ; 4c , R = Ph; 4d , R = CH=CHPh. m = 3: 8a , R = Me; 8b , R = CF 3 ; 8c , R = CH 2 Ph; 8d , R = (CH 2 OCH 2 ) 3 H; 8e , R = c C 4 H 7 O) are accessible by following synthesis methodologies: the reaction of [CuO 2 CR] ( 1a , R = Me; 1b , R = CF 3 ; 1c , R = Ph; 1d , R = CH=CHPh) with m equivalents of n Bu 3 P ( 2 ) (m = 1, 2, 3), or treatment of [( n Bu 3 P) m CuCl] ( 5a , m = 1; 5b , m = 2) with [KO 2 CCF 3 ] ( 6 ). A more straightforward synthesis method for 8a – 8e is the electrolysis of copper in presence of HO 2 CR ( 7a , R = Me; 7b , R = CF 3 ; 7c , R = CH 2 Ph; 7d , R = (CH 2 OCH 2 ) 3 H; 7e , R = c C 4 H 7 O) and 2 , respectively. This method allows to prepare the appropriate copper(I) carboxylate complexes in virtually quantitative yield, analytically pure form, and on an industrial scale. IR spectroscopic studies reveal that the carboxylic units in 4 , 5 , and 8 bind in a unidentate, chelating or μ‐bridging fashion to copper(I) depending on m and R. The thermal properties of 4 , 6 , and 8 were determined by TG and DSC studies. Based on TG‐MS experiments a conceivable mechanism for the thermally induced decomposition of these species is presented. Hot‐wall C hemical V apor D eposition experiments (CVD) with precursor 4b showed that copper could be deposited at 480 °C onto a TiN‐coated oxidized silicon substrate. The copper films were characterized by SEM and EDX studies. Pure layers were obtained with copper particles of size 200 – 780 nm.
Streptococcal protein SIC activates monocytes and induces inflammation (2021)

<i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> is a major bacterial pathogen in the human population and isolates of the clinically important M1 serotype secrete protein Streptococcal inhibitor of complement (SIC) known to interfere with human innate immunity. Here we find that SIC from M1 bacteria interacts with TLR2 and CD14 on monocytes leading to the activation of the NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways and the release of several pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNFα and INFγ). In human plasma, SIC binds clusterin and histidine-rich glycoprotein, and whole plasma, and these two purified plasma proteins enhanced the activation of monocytes by SIC. Isolates of the M55 serotype secrete an SIC homolog, but this protein did not activate monocytes. M1 isolates are common in cases of invasive <i>S. pyogenes</i> infections characterized by massive inflammation, and the results of this study indicate that the pro-inflammatory property of SIC contributes to the pathology of these severe clinical conditions.
Detection of Orbital Angular Momentum of Light Using Cavity Optomechanics (2018)

We introduce a nanoscale cavity-optomechanical device for non-destructively measuring orbital angular momentum (OAM) of light by detecting torque on a subwavelength grating. The device is based on a photonic crystal cavity and can measure the torque produced by a change Δl = 1 in OAM from a beam with power Pmin 2 µW at an incident wavelength of λ = 780 nm at a cryogenic temperature T = 4 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Real‐Time NMR Studies of Protein Folding (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
13C chemical shielding anisotropy in the solid phases of CH313CN (1996)

The principal elements of the axially symmetric nitrile 13C chemical shift tensor, and the CN bond distance of solid CH3CN have been determined from both static and sample spinning NMR experiments at 78 and 140 K. The spectra show no significant differences between the α and β forms of the solid though a large temperature coefficient is observed for both the isotropic chemical shift, σ, and the 14N nuclear electric quadrupole interactions as seen through the carbon-nitrogen dibole interaction.
Group 13 Allergens as Environmental and Immunological Markers for Grass Pollen Allergy: Studies by Immunogold Field Emission Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (2005)

Group 13 allergens represent one set of marker allergens which specifically occur in pollen of the major grass subfamilies and are rapidly released in association with respirable particles after pollen hydration. They may be considered as environmental markers for grass pollen exposure and group 13-specific IgE antibodies as immunological markers for genuine grass pollen sensitization.
Front Cover: Bottom‐Up Synthetic Biology: Towards the Modular Design of Artifical Cells from Functional Modules (Adv. Biosys. 6/2019) (2019)

This special issue on synthetic cells features a compilation of 12 articles dedicated to different facets of bottom-up synthetic biology. Minimization is an important strategy in synthetic biology, which can be achieved best by stepwise modular assembly of a living system using well-defined functional parts. This is the concept of bottom-up synthetic biology. Starting from single molecular bricks, functional parts and modules can be assembled and used to synthesize an artificial cell or even an artificial organ.
Cell-by-Cell Line-of-Sight Probability Models Based on Real-World Base Station Deployment (2022)

Knowing the wireless channel characteristics, particularly the existence of a line-of-sight (LOS) connection from the user equipment (UE) to the base station (BS), is key in wireless system development and deployments. The LOS becomes even more important in high frequency systems such as fifth generation (5G) mm-wave and terahertz (THz) systems where the difference in channel characteristics varies greatly from LOS to non-LOS (NLOS) situations. While existing LOS models such as the 3GPP model and others in the literature are valuable, they lack cell-by-cell specificity and/or do not generalize well to different environments. In this paper, we aim to close these gaps and propose generalized models derived from extensive real-world analysis in diverse environments. We also study the performance of our models in system-level simulations in terms of signal-to-interference-ratio (SIR) and coverage.
Method Development and Analysis of Free HS and HS in Proteoglycans from Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Evidence for Biosynthetic Pathway Changes in Sulfotransferase and Sulfatase Enzymes (2013)

Heparan sulfate (HS) is one of the most complex and informative biopolymers found on the cell surface or in the extracellular matrix as either free HS fragments or constituents of HS proteoglycans (HSPGs). Analysis of free HS and HSPG sugar chains in human serum at the disaccharide level has great potential for early disease diagnosis and prognosis; however, the low concentration of HS in human serum, together with the complexity of the serum matrix, limits the information on HS. In this study, we present and validate the development of a new sensitive method for in-depth compositional analysis of free HS and HSPG sugar chains. This protocol involved several steps including weak anion exchange chromatography, ultrafiltration, and solid-phase extraction for enhanced detection prior to LC-MS/MS analysis. Using this protocol, a total of 51 serum samples from 26 premenopausal and 25 postmenopausal women were analyzed. Statistically significant differences in heparin/HS disaccharide profiles were observed. The proportion of N-acetylation and N-sulfation in both free HS and HSPG sugar chains were significantly different between pre- and postmenopausal women, indicating changes in N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferases (NDSTs), the enzymes involved in the initial step of the biosynthetic pathway. Differences in the proportion of 6-O-sulfation suggest that 6-O-sulfotransferase and/or 6-O-sulfatase enzymes may also be implicated.
Assessment of the correlation between nitrite concentration and Listericidal activity in cultures of resident and elicited murine macrophages (1994)

Reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) derived from L-arginine have been implicated as important anti-bacterial agents in the control of Listeria monocytogenes by murine macrophages. However, not all evidence is consistent with this conclusion. In the present study, this issue was examined using a simple experimental system to assess the correlation between macrophages Listericidal activity and production of nitrite (a stable end product of RNI) in culture. Various levels of nitrite production were achieved by activating macrophages with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (20 or 500 U/ml) with or without lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 ng/ml) for 20 h before the Listericidal assay, and by using normal and arginine-free culture medium during the Listericidal assay. Nitrite concentration was measured for the same wells used to assess Listericidal activity. There was essentially no correlation between initial or final nitrite concentration and Listericidal activity in resident peritoneal macrophages. Significant correlations were noted between initial and final nitrite concentration and Listericidal activity in proteose peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages. However, the correlation coefficients (0.34 and 0.52) suggested marginal biological relevance. In addition, no correlation was noted when LPS-activated macrophages were omitted from analysis. A previous study suggested that the enhanced Listericidal activity of LPS-treated macrophages could be accounted for by an enhanced rate of phagocytosis during the initial phase of the assay. These results suggest RNI are probably not the predominant bactericidal agents used by macrophages from female CD-1 mice to kill L. monocytogenes. However, it remains possible that RNI are important anti-bacterial agents in highly activated (LPS-treated) macrophages, and that there are other mechanisms whereby RNI contribute to host resistance to L. monocytogenes.
Development of individual medical implants with specific mechanical properties manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (2020)

Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) is an additive manufacturing process, which enables the generation of complex geometries such as lattice structures, using metallic powder. Lattice structures are being used increasingly in medical technology to adapt the stiffness of individualized implants which can lead to faster bone healing. Lattice structures are also used to adjust the contact surface between the bone and implant to adapt the osseointegrative behavior. The goal of this work is to create lattice structures with local adaption of the stiffness (modulus of elasticity) for individual vertebral body replacement implants and their automated design based on patient data. To form the lattice structure a diamond cell type is used, which is common in medical technology. For the later adaptation of the bone stiffness, the stiffness of the lattice structure with different strut diameters are determined. The calculation of the stiffness is done by numerical simulations using Finite Element Methods (FEM). The simulations are validated with tensile and compression tests. Finally, the automated design of the implants is carried out with an in-house generated tool to adjust the strut diameters based on the bone density from patient data. Parts of this work have been funded by the German ministry of education and research (BMBF) under grant number 13GW0116.
Variable course of primary simian immunodeficiency virus infection in lymph nodes: relation to disease progression (1994)

To investigate the dynamics of spread of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the lymphoid organs, we sequentially analyzed the viral burden in lymph nodes (LN) of eight rhesus macaques inoculated intravenously with a high or low dose of the pathogenic SIVmac 251 isolate. For each animal, four axillary or inguinal LN were collected during the first weeks of infection and a fifth LN was taken 6 or 8 months later to estimate disease progression. Measurement of SIV RNA by in situ hybridization showed that all of the macaques studied had a phase of acute viral replication in LN between 7 and 14 days postinoculation which paralleled that observed in the blood. In a second phase, productive infection was controlled and viral particles were trapped in the germinal centers that developed in LN. While the peaks of productive infection were similar for the eight animals, marked differences in the numbers of productively infected cells that persisted in LN after primary infection were seen. Differences were less pronounced in the blood, where productive infection was efficiently controlled in all cases. The persistence of productively infected cells in LN after primary infection was found to be associated with more rapid disease progression, as measured by the decrease of the T4/T8 ratio and the occurrence of clinical signs. However, the persistence of a significant level of viral particles in germinal centers was observed even in animals that remained healthy over a 1- to 2-year observation period. This study indicates that the course of primary SIV infection in LN is variable, and it suggests that the initial capacity of the host to control productive infection in LN may determine the rate of disease progression.
Investigation of hydroxyl groups in crystalline silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34 by diffuse reflectance infrared spectroscopy (1991)

Hydroxyl groups in crystalline silicoaluminophosphate SAPO-34 have been investigated by diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy. By carefully comparing the intensities of stretching vibrations with the appropriate combination and overtone bands the two types of bridged Si—OH—Al group were assigned to the fundamental stretching vibrations at 3625 and 3600 cm–1. Both types of group exhibited approximately the same acidic properties but differed in their localization. The bridged groups with ν= 3600 cm–1 were assumed to be localized in the hexagonal prisms, forming an H-bond with adjacent oxygen anions of the framework. In-plane and out-of-plane bending vibrations were observed for the first time in SAPOs.
Dynamic Features of Transition States for β‐Scission Reactions of Alkenes over Acid Zeolites Revealed by AIMD Simulations (2020)

Zeolite-catalyzed alkene cracking is key to optimize the size of hydrocarbons. The nature and stability of intermediates and transition states (TS) are, however, still debated. We combine transition path sampling and blue moon ensemble density functional theory simulations to unravel the behavior of C<sub>7</sub> alkenes in CHA zeolite. Free energy profiles are determined, linking π-complexes, alkoxides and carbenium ions, for B<sub>1</sub> (secondary to tertiary) and B<sub>2</sub> (tertiary to secondary) β-scissions. B<sub>1</sub> is found to be easier than B<sub>2</sub> . The TS for B<sub>1</sub> occurs at the breaking of the C-C bond, while for B<sub>2</sub> it is the proton transfer from propenium to the zeolite. We highlight the dynamic behaviors of the various intermediates along both pathways, which reduce activation energies with respect to those previously evaluated by static approaches. We finally revisit the ranking of isomerization and cracking rate constants, which are crucial for future kinetic studies.
Preliminary assessment on the application of biochar and spectral‐induced polarization for wastewater treatment (2019)

ABSTRACT In this work, we explore the use of biochar as a remediation agent, and the sensitivity of the spectral‐induced polarization method as a remediation monitoring aid. Biochar amended columns were fully saturated with industrial wastewater (olive oil mill waste) with very high concentration of phenols (∼2485 mg/L) and other substances. The biochar‐amended columns achieved very high removal rates of phenols compared to the control (sand only). Geophysical monitoring over the duration of the experiment (10 days) showed changes in the spectral‐induced polarization signal (imaginary conductivity) consistent with phenol removal as confirmed by geochemical monitoring. This experiment confirmed the utility of biochar as a remediation agent. Furthermore, spectral‐induced polarization can serve as long‐term, high resolution, monitoring aid in organic contaminant degradation processes.
Comparison of nonlinear coefficient of optical fibers at 1550 nm (1996)

Summary form only given. In this paper we report on measurements of the nonlinear coefficient (nonlinear refractive index/effective area) of different fibers of interest in transmission systems at 1550 nm: large-effective area fiber dispersion-shifted fiber (LEAF), dispersion-compensation fiber (DCF), and standard dispersion fibers.
Sea urchin cell lineages (2020)

Cell lineage relationships play a necessary role in the establishment of regional gene activity in sea urchin embryos. Asynchronous unequal cleavages characterize the vegetal half of the sea urchin embryo and the motile nature of these cells renders more difficult analysis of the postgastrular diversification of these vegetal plate cell types which contribute three of the five embryonic tissue territories. A comparison of the unique ectodermal contributions of each macromere with labelled pigment cells and subectodermal strand cells reveals no radial asymmetry to either the origin or final position of these cell types. The contribution of macromere progeny to the coelomic pouches is asymmetrical in that the oral macromere contributes twice the progeny as the other three macromeres and contributes to both pouches as opposed to a single pouch for the other three.
Study of a Method for Reducing Drum Brake Squeal (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Since the modal density of a drum brake system is higher than that of a disc brake system, it is very difficult to identify the cause of brake squeal. The causes of squeal were examined by both complex eigenvalue analysis and experimental analysis. It was confirmed that a complex eigenvalue analysis of a finite element model, a technique so far generally applied to disc brake squeal studies, was effective in analyzing squeal problems of drum brakes.&lt;/div&gt;
Halftoning processing on a JPEG-compressed image (2003)

Digital image processing algorithms are usually designed for the raw format, that is on an uncompressed representation of the image. Therefore prior to transforming or processing a compressed format, decompression is applied; then, the result of the processing application is finally re-compressed for further transfer or storage. The change of data representation is resource-consuming in terms of computation, time and memory usage. In the wide format printing industry, this problem becomes an important issue: e.g. a 1 m<sup>2</sup> input color image, scanned at 600 dpi exceeds 1.6 GB in its raw representation. However, some image processing algorithms can be performed in the compressed-domain, by applying an equivalent operation on the compressed format. This paper is presenting an innovative application of the halftoning processing operation by screening, to be applied on JPEG-compressed image. This compressed-domain transform is performed by computing the threshold operation of the screening algorithm in the DCT domain. This algorithm is illustrated by examples for different halftone masks. A pre-sharpening operation, applied on a JPEG-compressed low quality image is also described; it allows to de-noise and to enhance the contours of this image.
A Robot Singer With Music Recognition Based On Real-Time Beat Tracking. (2008)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Appendix B: Useful Websites (2006)

This Appendix provides many useful websites that are related to the contents of this book. A companion website, www.ntu.edu.sg\home\ewsgan\esp_book.htm, has been set up by the authors to provide more information and latest updates on software tools, installations of software, more hands-on exercises, solutions to selected problems, and many useful teaching and learning aids for instructors and students.
A comparison of power-efficient broadcast routing algorithms (2004)

Following the seminal work of Wieselthier et al. on power-efficient broadcast routing, a novel technique called embedded wireless multicast advantage (EWMA) was proposed to further reduce the total transmit power of a broadcast routing tree. In our previous work, we showed that when the network lifetime is defined as the time for the first node failure due to battery depletion, the total transmit power is not the only measure of power-efficiency. We proved that either maximum transmit power or link longevity plays a crucial role in extending the network lifetime. In this paper, we compare the performance of four known power-efficient algorithms (and their variants) not only in terms of the total transmit power but also in terms of other performance measures such as static network lifetime, total receive and interference power, and maximum and average hop count which have direct impacts on physical, link, and MAC layers and on end-to-end network delay.
Radiographic Comparison of Two Glenoid Preparation Techniques in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (2005)

We compared the prevalence of periglenoid radiolucencies between two glenoid component preparation techniques used in total shoulder arthroplasties. Seventy-two consecutive patients with primary osteoarthritis had total shoulder arthroplasties using one prosthetic system with flat-back keeled polyethylene glenoid components. Thirty-seven shoulders had glenoid implants that were cemented after standard curettage preparation of the keel slot. Thirty-five shoulders had glenoid implants that were cemented after using bone compaction to prepare the keel slot. The immediate postoperative and 2-year postoperative radiographs were examined to evaluate the presence and progression of periglenoid radiolucencies. The curettage group had a higher rate (38%) of keel radiolucencies than the compaction group (11%) seen on the immediate postoperative radiographs. Both groups had progression of periglenoid radiolucencies with time. Progression of the radiolucent lines was worse in the curettage group 2 years after arthroplasty. Preparation of the glenoid component keel slot with the bone compaction technique seems to achieve better fixation of flat-back keeled polyethylene glenoid components in total shoulder arthroplasties.
Advanced High Turning Compressor Airfoils for Low Reynolds Number Condition: Part 2 — Experimental and Numerical Analysis (2003)

Part 1 of this paper describes the design and optimization of two high turning subsonic compressor cascades operating as an outlet guide vane (OGV) behind a single stage low pressure turbine at low Reynolds number condition (Re = 1.3×105). In the numerical optimization algorithm, the design point and off-design performance has been considered in an objective function to achieve a wide low loss incidence range. The objective of the present paper is to examine some of the characteristics describing the new airfoils as well as to prove the reliability of the design process and the applied flow solver. Some aerodynamic characteristics for the two new airfoils and a conventional controlled diffusion airfoil (CDA), have been extensively investigated in the cascade wind tunnel of DLR Cologne. For an inlet Mach number of 0.6 the effect of Reynolds number and incidence angle on each airfoil performance is discussed, based on experimental and numerical results. For an interpretation of the airfoil boundary layer behavior, results of some boundary layer calculations are compared to oil flow visualization pictures. The design goal of an increased low loss incidence range at low Reynolds number condition could be confirmed without having a negative effect on the high Reynolds number region.