gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Translation initiation complex eIF4F is a therapeutic target for dual mTOR kinase inhibitors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (2015)

Deregulated mRNA translation has been implicated in disease development and in part is controlled by a eukaryotic initiation complex eIF4F (composed of eIF4E, eIF4G and eIF4A). We demonstrate here that the cap bound fraction from lymphoma cells was enriched with eIF4G and eIF4E indicating that lymphoma cells exist in an activated translational state. Moreover, 77% (110/142) of diffuse large B cell lymphoma tumors expressed eIF4E and this was associated with an inferior event free survival. Over-expression of wild-type eIF4E (eIF4E(WT)) but not cap-mutant eIF4E (eIF4E(cap mutant)) increased the activation of the eIF4F complex. Treatment with the active-site dual mTOR inhibitor CC214-1 reduced the level of the eIF4F complex by decreasing the cap bound fraction of eIF4G and increasing the levels of 4E-BP1. CC214-1 inhibited both the cap dependent and global protein translation. CC214-1 inhibited c-Myc, and cyclin D3 translation by decreasing polysomal fractions from lymphoma cells. Inhibition of eIF4E with shRNA further decreased the CC214-1 induced inhibition of the eIF4F complex, c-Myc, cyclin D3 translation, and colony formation. These studies demonstrate that the eIF4F complex is deregulated in aggressive lymphoma and that dual mTOR therapy has therapeutic potential in these patients.
An Ontology-Based Online Community to Maintain Engineering Knowledge in a Training Domain (2011)

The research presented in this paper seeks to develop an ontology-based online community for knowledge exchange between expert engineers and new engineers. We call this community CREEK (Community for Retention of Engineering dEsign Knowledge). This paper seeks to develop methods and tools related to knowledge acquisition, knowledge modeling, knowledge management, and knowledge presentation that can support activities in this community in engineering design and training domains. An important consideration is to design and deploy the online community and the underlying ontology model such that they will not exist in isolation but will be connected to a product data ontology and a training ontology. In our previous work engineering knowledge related to product data in engineering design and assembly has been modeled. In this work procedural knowledge and knowledge in the training domains related to these procedures are also modeled and populated using ontologies. We have designed an architecture that will allow the ontology of the on-line community to tap into the engineering knowledge from these two supporting domains. In addition, there is a connection the other way too. The online community also allows new knowledge to be captured from experts and be (semi-)automatically transferred to product design and training domains.
Trichloro(1,4,7-tri-n-butyl-1,4,7-triazacyclononane-N,N',N'')chromium (1995)

The facially coordinated macrocyclic ligand 1,4,7-tri-n-butyl- 1,4,7-triazacyclononane ( n Bu 3 tacn) plus three Cl ligands assume a distorted octahedral geometry around the Cr atom in the title compound, [CrCl 3 (C 18 H 39 N 3 )]. The average Cr-N distance of 2.149 (5) A is slightly longer than the distance of 2.090 (8) A found in fac-(diethylenetriamine)CrCl 3 [Fowlie, House, Robinson & Rumball (1970). J. Chem. Soc. A, pp. 803-806] and that of 2.089 (4) A found in [(Me 3 tacn) 2 Cr 2 (OH) 3 ]I 3 [Wieghardt, Chaudhuri, Nuber & Weiss (1982). Inorg. Chem. 21, 3086-3090], indicating some repulsion between n Bu 3 tacn and the Cl atoms. The Cr-Cl distances average 2.324 (5) A
Mastering Dendrimer Self‐Assembly for Efficient siRNA Delivery: From Conceptual Design to In Vivo Efficient Gene Silencing (2016)

Self-assembly is a fundamental concept and a powerful approach in molecular science. However, creating functional materials with the desired properties through self-assembly remains challenging. In this work, through a combination of experimental and computational approaches, the self-assembly of small amphiphilic dendrons into nanosized supramolecular dendrimer micelles with a degree of structural definition similar to traditional covalent high-generation dendrimers is reported. It is demonstrated that, with the optimal balance of hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, one of the self-assembled nanomicellar systems, totally devoid of toxic side effects, is able to deliver small interfering RNA and achieve effective gene silencing both in cells - including the highly refractory human hematopoietic CD34(+) stem cells - and in vivo, thus paving the way for future biomedical implementation. This work presents a case study of the concept of generating functional supramolecular dendrimers via self-assembly. The ability of carefully designed and gauged building blocks to assemble into supramolecular structures opens new perspectives on the design of self-assembling nanosystems for complex and functional applications.
2D materials-enabled optical modulators: From visible to terahertz spectral range (2022)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials with layered structures have a variety of exceptional electronic and optical attributes for potentially developing basic functions of light wave technology from light-emitting to -modulating and -sensing. Here, we present state-of-the-art 2D materials-enabled optical intensity modulators according to their operation spectral ranges, which are mainly determined by the optical bandgaps of the 2D materials. Leveraging rich electronic structures from different 2D materials and the governed unique light–matter interactions, the working mechanisms and device architectures for the enabled modulators at specific wavelength ranges are discussed. For instance, the tunable excitonic effect in monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides allows the modulation of visible light. Electro-absorptive and electro-refractive graphene modulators could be operated in the telecom-band relying on their linear dispersion of the massless Dirac fermions. The bendable electronic band edge of the narrow bandgap in few-layer black phosphorus promises the modulation of mid-infrared light via the quantum-confined Franz–Keldysh or Burstein–Moss shift effect. Electrically and magnetically tunable optical conductivity in graphene also supports the realizations of terahertz modulators. While these modulators were demonstrated as proof of concept devices, part of them have great potential for future realistic applications, as discussed with their wavelength coverage, modulation depth, insertion loss, dynamic response speed, etc. Specifically, benefiting from the well-developed technologies of photonic chips and optical fibers in telecom and datacom, the 2D materials-based modulators integrated on these photonic structures are expected to find applications in fiber and chip optical communications. The free-space mid-infrared and terahertz modulators based on 2D materials can expect application in chemical bond spectroscopy, free-space communications, and environment/health sensing.
Selective Reactions of Functionalized Ruthenium(II) σ-Alkynyl Complexes with Dicobalt Octacarbonyl and Tetracobalt Dodecacarbonyl:  Synthesis of Cyclopentenone Derivatives via Intermolecular Pauson−Khand Reactions (1998)

Treatment of [Ru{C⋮CCPh2(C⋮CH)}(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2] (1) with [Co2(CO)8] leads to the formation of the adduct [Ru{C⋮CCPh2(μ2-η2-C⋮CH)Co2(CO)6}(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2] (3) through the selective coordination of the Co2(CO)6 fragment at the terminal alkyne group on 1. Similarly, the enynyl complex [Ru{C⋮CCHCH(C⋮CPh)}(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2] ((E,Z)-2), prepared via a Wittig reaction from [Ru{C⋮CCH2(PPh3)}(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2][PF6] (5) and phenylpropargyl aldehyde, also reacts with [Co2(CO)8] to yield selectively the adduct [Ru{C⋮CCHCH(μ2-η2-C⋮CPh)Co2(CO)6}(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2] ((E,Z)-6). Protonation of complexes 3 and (E,Z)-6 with HBF4·Et2O affords the cationic vinylidene derivatives [Ru{CC(H)CPh2(μ2-η2-C⋮CH)Co2(CO)6}(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2][BF4] (4) and [Ru{CC(H)CHCH(μ2-η2-C⋮CPh)Co2(CO)6}(η5-C9H7)(PPh3)2][BF4] ((E,Z)-7), respectively. Dicobalt adduct complexes 3 and (E,Z)-6 undergo Pauson−Khand cyclization processes with strained cyclic alkenes (norbornadiene and norbornene) to afford regioselectively the tricyclic cyclopentenone derivatives 8a,b, 9a,b, (E,Z)-10, and 11. (E,Z)-6 reacts with [Co4(CO)12] to give an unprecedented ruthenium(II) vinylidene complex containing a tetranuclear “butterfly” type cobalt cluster (12), which has been characterized by X-ray diffraction.
Vesicle‐Mediated Growth of Tubular Branches and Centimeter‐Long Microtubes from a Single Molecule (2012)

The mechanism by which small molecules assemble into microscale tubular structures in aqueous solution remains poorly understood, particularly when the initial building blocks are non-amphiphilic molecules and no surfactant is used. It is here shown how a subnanometric molecule, namely p-aminothiophenol (p-ATP), prepared in normal water with a small amount of ethanol, spontaneously assembles into a new class of nanovesicle. Due to Brownian motion, these nanostructures rapidly grow into micrometric vesicles and start budding to yield macroscale tubular branches with a remarkable growth rate of ∼20 μm s⁻¹. A real-time visualization by optical microscopy reveals that tubular growth proceeds by vesicle walk and fusion on the apex (growth cone) and sides of the branches and ultimately leads to the generation of centimeter-long microtubes. This unprecedented growth mechanism is triggered by a pH-activated proton switch and maintained by hydrogen bonding. The vesicle fusion-mediated synthesis suggests that functional microtubes with biological properties can be efficiently prepared with a mixture of appropriate diaminophenyl blocks and the desired macromolecule. The reversibility, timescale, and very high yield (90%) of this synthetic approach make it a valuable model for the investigation of hierarchical and structural transition between organized assemblies with different size scales and morphologies.
Development and Evaluation of Hardware Obfuscation Benchmarks (2018)

Obfuscation is a promising solution for securing hardware intellectual property (IP) against various attacks, such as reverse engineering, piracy, and tampering. Due to the lack of standard benchmarks, proposed techniques by researchers and practitioners in the community are evaluated by existing benchmark suites such as ISCAS-85, ISCAS-89, and ITC-99. These open source benchmarks, though widely utilized, are not necessarily suitable for the purpose of evaluating hardware obfuscation techniques. In this context, we believe that it is important to establish a set of well-defined benchmarks, on which the effectiveness of new and existing obfuscation techniques and attacks on them can be compared. In this paper, we describe a set of such benchmarks obfuscated with some popular methods that we created to facilitate this need. These benchmarks have been made publicly available on Trust-Hub web portal. Moreover, we provide the first evaluation of several obfuscation approaches based on the metrics and existing attacks using this new suite. Finally, we discuss our observations and guidance for future work in hardware obfuscation and benchmarking.
Isolation and Sequence Analysis of cDNA for Rat Carboxypeptidase E [EC 3.4.17.10], A Neuropeptide Processing Enzyme (1989)

Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is the carboxypeptidase B-like enzyme associated with the biosynthesis of numerous peptide hormones and neurotransmitters. This enzyme has been previously purified to homogeneity from bovine tissues, and cDNA clones (non-full length) isolated from a bovine pituitary cDNA library. In the present study, cDNA encoding full-length rat CPE has been isolated and sequenced. Both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of rat CPE show substantial homology with the bovine sequences. The bovine and rat nucleotide sequences are homologous within the entire coding region, as well as within several portions of the 3'-untranslated region. The predicted amino acid sequence of rat CPE is greater than 90% homologous with the bovine enzyme. Northern blot analyses indicate a single species of CPE mRNA approximately 2100 nucleotides in length to be present in many neural and endocrine tissues. High levels of CPE mRNA are present in rat hypothalamus, hippocampus, midbrain, striatum, and cerebral cortex; and moderate levels are present in the brain stem, cerebellum, heart, adrenal, and eye. Low levels are detected in testis and duodenum, but not in liver or thymus. This tissue-specific expression of CPE mRNA is consistent with the proposed role for this enzyme in the production of numerous peptide hormones and neurotransmitters.
Localized Defect Modes with High-Quality Factors in a Photonic Crystal Slab on a Low-Index Dielectric Substrate (2002)

Quality factors of localized defect modes in a photonic crystal slab on a SiO2 substrate have been calculated by means of the simulation of dipole radiation based on the finite-difference time-domain method. The defect modes with A1, B1, and E1 spatial symmetries were found when a structural defect was introduced into the crystal. Conditions to achieve strong confinement of light were investigated for each mode. Quality factors over 2000 were obtained for the modes with the A1 and B1 symmetries.
Dynamic Activity of Lipid Droplets:  Protein Phosphorylation and GTP-Mediated Protein Translocation (2007)

Lipid droplet is a cellular organelle with a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and coated with structural as well as functional proteins. The determination of these proteins, especially their functional regulations and dynamic movement on and off droplets, holds a key to resolving the biological functions of the cellular organelle. To address this, we carried out a comprehensive proteomic study that includes a complete proteomic, a phosphoprotein proteomic, and a comparative proteomic analysis using purified lipid droplets and mass spectrometry techniques. The complete proteome identified 125 proteins of which 70 proteins had not been identified on droplets of mammalian cells previously. In phosphoprotein proteomic analysis, 7 functional lipid droplet proteins were determined to be phosphorylated, including adipose differentiation related protein (ADRP/ADFP), two Rab proteins, and four lipid metabolism enzymes, including adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). To understand the dynamics of lipid droplets, GTP-dependent protein recruitment was analyzed by comparative proteomics. Arf1 and some of its coatomers, three other Arfs, several other small G-proteins including 3 Rabs, and several lipid synthetic enzymes were recruited from cytosol to purified droplets. Together, the present study suggests that lipid droplet is an active and dynamic cellular organelle that governs lipid homeostasis and intracellular trafficking through protein phosphorylation as well as GTP-regulated protein translocation.
A high-resolution X-ray detection system using STJ and SQUID amplifier (2001)

We succeeded in separating the STJ upper electrode events from other electrode events. This study is for X-ray spectroscopy of slow ions. With a SQUID amplifier, it is clearly seen that the upper electrode signal has a sharp peak with a narrow base, while the other has a relatively gentle peak with a wide base. The difference in signal width was used to separate the upper electrode events from other electrode events. Then the X-ray spectroscopy of slow highly charged ions was carried out at RIKEN. The results are shown here.
Application of Acoustooptic Tunable Filter to Strain- or Vibration-Sensing System (2007)

Various optical spectrum analyzers have been used as strain-sensing equipment in fiber-optic sensing system based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), which has been expected and investigated to monitor the safety of buildings, bridges, road slopes and other structures. An acoustooptic tunable filter (AOTF) with surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on LiNbO3 has been applied to a wavelength monitor as a simple spectrum analyzer in the system, because it has the characteristics of a small size, a simple configuration, fast response, and low cost. It has not been experimentally varified whether the wavelength monitor consisting of an AOTF device can be used as the strain-sensing system. To check the performance, the fabricated wavelength monitor with the AOTF device has been tested in the fiber-optic strain-sensing system using FBGs. As a result, the shift in the Bragg reflection wavelength corresponding to the change in strain at the fiber sensor has been detected for the first time by an AOTF device. The accuracy of the measured wavelength was approximately 0.9 pm at room temperature.
Silicon nano-scale devices (2000)

In this article, we review our research on electrical transport properties of nano-scale silicon devices at NEC. We used very small devices that were produced by using 10-nm-scale lithographic techniques: electrically variable shallow junction MOSFETs (EJMOSFETs) and lateral hot-electron transistors (LHETs). We succeeded in directly observing the hot-electron current in LHETs and estimated the characteristic length of hot electrons as around 25 nm. Furthermore, we used EJ-MOSFETs to predict that the limit for miniaturization of MOSFETs, in which the source-drain tunneling scheme is applied, is around 5 nm.
The role of staple fiber length on the performance of carded, hydroentangled nonwovens produced with splittable fibers (2019)

Carding is a common web-forming process used for staple fibers in the nonwovens industry. Carded webs can be produced with bicomponent staple fibers designed to split into fine fibers. Splittable bicomponent fibers offer benefits such as increased surface area, improved hand, decreased pore size, improved cover, and enhanced strength. Splittable bicomponent fibers within carded webs can be split and bonded utilizing high-pressure water jets during the hydroentangling process. Staple fibers may be produced in many different lengths. However, the effect of staple fiber length on the nonwoven carding process and structure–property relationships of carded, hydroentangled nonwoven fabrics composed of splittable bicomponent fibers is not well understood. During this research, polyester/polyethylene 16-segmented pie, bicomponent fibers with lengths ranging from 2.54 to 15.24 cm were produced, carded and bonded by hydroentangling. All fiber lengths used during this research were successfully carded, and no significant challenges were observed during carding. Fabric performance was evaluated with air permeability and burst strength testing. Data sets were statistically evaluated with one-way and two-way analysis of variance to determine whether fiber length significantly affected fabric structure and properties. In general, the solid volume fraction and air permeability of the samples were affected by fiber length. However, fiber length did not strongly affect the burst strength of hydroentangled fabrics.
Estimation of abnormalities in a human gait using sensor-embedded shoes (2008)

Systems that assist patients require a means for detecting and quantifying abnormalities in human motions. In the previous work, we introduced a fuzzy logic algorithm that detects phases in a human gait using Smart Shoes. In this paper, a new method for estimating abnormalities in the gait phases is proposed. The proposed method detects two major abnormalities: 1) when the sensors measure improper foot pressure patterns, and 2) when the human does not follow a natural sequence of gait phases. For mathematical realization of the algorithm, a vector analysis method is applied. The proposed method is verified by experiments on abnormal gaits as well as normal gaits.
CELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF SOMATOSTATIN IN ENDOCRINE-LIKE CELLS AND NEURONS OF THE RAT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE A1-CELLS OF THE PANCREATIC ISLETS AND TO THE HYPOTHALAMUS (1975)

ABSTRACT With the indirect immunofluorescence technique somatostatin, a recently isolated and structurally characterized hypothalamic tetradecapeptide, which inhibits growth hormone release, has been traced in different tissues of the rat. Somatostatin or somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) was present in both neurons and endocrine-like cells. Somatostatin positive nerve cell bodies were observed in the periventricular region in the anterior parts of the hypothalamus and in probable nerve endings in the external and internal layer of the median eminence and in the pituitary stalk and in the ventromedial, arcuate and ventral premammillary nuclei and to a small extent in the periventricular region. Somatostatin positive nerve fibers were also found in the posterior pituitary, indicating the existence of a third neurosecretory hypothalamohypophysial system, and in nerves in different layers of the wall of the small and large intestine. These nerves may possibly be of sensory nature since some cell bodies of the spinal ganglia showed a weak immunofluorescence. Somatostatin or SLI was found in certain cells localized in the periphery of the pancreatic islets . In parallel studies with glucagon antibodies it could be established that the somatostatin positive cells and the glucagon positive cells were not identical but localized extremely close to each other. Furthermore, with the Hellman-Hellerström silver staining technique it could be shown that virtually all somatostatin cells are argyrophilic and vice versa. Somatostatin positive cells thus constitute the so-called A 1 -cells (D-cells). Glucagon positive cells, on the other hand, do in all probability not exhibit argyrophilia. The occurrence of probable somatostatin containing cells in the pancreatic islets is of special interest in view of several recent studies demonstrating an inhibitory action of this peptide on glucagon and insulin secretion. Somatostatin or SLI was found in a rather small number of cells in the thyroid gland with a parafollicular position. These cells exhibited a positive immunofluorescence also after pretreatment of the antiserum with calcitonin. Furthermore, endocrine-like cells in the stomach and in the intestine were also somatostatin positive. A large number of cells in various tissues, especially in the lamina propria of the gastro-intestinal tract, showed a strong fluorescence both after incubation with control serum and with FITC conjugated serum alone. The present results indicate that somatostatin or a somatostatin-like peptide(s), in addition to its inhibitory action on growth hormone release, may play a physiological role at many other levels of the organism.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ANTIBIOTIC SS‐228R. STRONG BASE INDUCED CYCLOADDITION OF HOMOPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDES (1985)

Abstract Für das aus dem Antibioticum SS‐228Y unter dem Einfluß .von Licht und Wärme entstehende Umlagerungsprodukt SS‐228R wurden bisher zwei Strukturen (IIIb) und (VIc) diskutiert.
WLC37-2: An Efficient Cooperative Protocol for Multiuser-OFDM Networks (2006)

In this paper, we propose a relay-based scheme where a fixed number of relays are utilized to design a OFDM cooperative protocol. By exploiting limited feedback from the destination such that each relay is able to help forward information of multiple sources in one OFDM symbol, the proposed cooperative protocol not only achieves full diversity but also efficiently utilizes available bandwidth. A practical relay assignment scheme is also proposed to specify the pairing of sources and relays in cooperative networks. The outage probability analysis of the proposed cooperative protocol is provided, and the analytical results are validated via computer experiments. Moreover, a closed-form lower bound on the outage probability of any relay-assignment schemes is established to provide a performance benchmark of the proposed cooperative protocol. Based on the outage probability analysis, the optimum relay location for the proposed relay-assignment scheme is determined.
Rights of the Puget Sound Indians to Game and Fish (2010)

The Indian of Puget Sound stands unique in Indian history. Ever and always has he supported and subsisted himself.