gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and synthesis of acmellonate, a new unsaturated long chain 2-ketol ester from Spilanthes acmella (2006)

Paracress (Spilanthes acmella) is commonly used as a spice, e.g., in Madagascar. To get more information about the taste active compounds, Jambu oleoresin produced from Spilanthes acmella and extracts prepared directly from the plant were fractionated and the fractions were analysed and evaluated by tasting. In addition to the long known tingling compounds (2E,6Z,8E)-deca-2,6,8-trienoic acid N-isobutyl amide (spilanthol) and (2E,6Z,8E)-deca-2,6,8-trienoic acid N-(2-methylbutyl) amide, as a minor constituent also the new 2-ketol ester (7Z,9E)-2-oxo-undeca-7,9-dienyl 3-methylbut-2-enoate (acmellonate) was isolated. The structure of the latter compound was verified by total synthesis of the ketol ester via the reaction of tris(trimethylsilyloxy)ethene and (6Z,8E)-deca-6,8-dienoic acid chloride and subsequent classical esterification. Acmellonate shows a weak tingling and numbing effect on the tongue and contributes only to a small extend to the overall flavour of Jambu.
GAMMA-RAY PENETRATION INTO THE COMPARTMENTS OF A LIGHT AIRCRAFT CARRIER. Paper 18 of PAPERS FROM SEVENTH SEMIANNUAL SHIELDING INFORMATION MEETING, OCTOBER 14-15, 1959 (1961)

The penetration of gamma rays into compartments of an aircraft carrier from three radioisotopes was measured. Co/sup 60/ (1.25 Mev), Cs/sup 137/ (0.66 Mev), and Ir/sup 192/ (0.38 Mev) sou rces were exposed at numerous points on the flight deck, and Landsverk air-wall equivalent dosimeters were used to measure dose in two general areas of the ship and at three different deck levels. Average dose rates and transmission factors were calculated by integration of the data to represent the case of uniform contamination of 1 curie per square foot. Point source data were compared with data taken using a uniformly distributed source. Effective shielding thicknesses of a ship's structure were determined from experimental data and compared with known structural thicknesses. Energy dependence of the shielding effectiveness can be adequately determined by using attenuation coefficients and build-up factors for the energies involved. (auth)
271 Comparison of genomic instability test scores used for predicting PARP activity in ovarian cancer (2020)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Genomic instability (GI) scores and gene panels that assess deficiencies in the homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair pathway to support PARP inhibitor use in ovarian cancer may not be equivalent. We compared the proportion of patients identified as candidates for PARP inhibitor use by three measures of HR deficiency: a 3-biomarker HR deficiency (HRD) score, percent loss of heterozygosity (%LOH), and an 11-gene panel. <h3>Methods</h3> Whole-genome SNP analysis was used to reconstruct ovarian tumor genomic profiles for two cohorts (clinical laboratory cohort, N = 3,689; SCOTROC4 trial, N = 176). Mutation screening was performed for 11 HR pathway genes (ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CHEK2, MRE11A, NBN, PALB2, RAD51C, RAD51D) for a subset of tumors from SCOTROC4 (N = 153). Samples were considered positive if they had HRD score&gt;threshold (thresholds at 33 and 42 evaluated),%LOH&gt;16%, or a pathogenic variant in one of the 11 HR genes. Correlation between results from%LOH and the 11-gene panel were compared to HRD score. <h3>Results</h3> Among patients with positive HRD scores, up to 51% were negative by%LOH and up to 63% were negative by the 11-gene panel. Only 3% of patients identified as positive by%LOH and 7% positive by the 11-gene panel were negative by HRD score. <h3>Conclusions/Implications</h3> These data show that HR deficiency tests used in clinical trials are not equivalent and should not be considered interchangeable in predicting PARP inhibitor response in clinical practice.
Nonspecific Cellular and Humoral Defence Mechanisms in Sheatfish (Silurus glanis) (1998)

Early diagnosis of fish diseases by control of immunological parameters is one of the most important part of prophylactic in intensive fish culture. For the first time, the nonspecific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms were studied in farming sheatfish, using two size of fishes weighing 300-500 g and 2000-3000 g. For each group, the respiratory burst activity and the potential killing activity of blood and pronephric phagocytes, the proliferative ability of lymphocytes and the myeloperoxidase activity in PMN cells was measured. The lysozyme and ceruloplasmine activity as well as total proteins and immunoglobulins in serum are also presented. Those results will be used for control the defence mechanisms and protection against infection diseases of sheatfish raised in farming conditions.
Data from DNA Methylation and Complete Transcriptional Silencing of Cancer Genes Persist after Depletion of EZH2 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Recent work suggests a link between the polycomb group protein EZH2 and mediation of gene silencing in association with maintenance of DNA methylation. However, we show that whereas basally expressed target cancer genes with minimal DNA methylation have increased transcription during EZH2 knockdown, densely DNA hypermethylated and silenced genes retain their methylation and remain transcriptionally silent. These results suggest that EZH2 can modulate transcription of basally expressed genes but not silent genes that are densely DNA methylated. [Cancer Res 2007;67(11):5097–102]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Bone sarcomas: ESMO-PaedCan-EURACAN Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up (2018)

Primary bone tumours are rare, accounting for &lt; 0.2% of malignant neoplasms registered in the EUROCARE (European Cancer Registry based study on survival and care of cancer patients) database. Different bone tumour subtypes have distinct patterns of incidence, and each has no more than 0.3 incident cases per 100 000 per year. Osteosarcoma (OS) and Ewing sarcoma (ES) have a relatively high incidence in the second decade of life, whereas chondrosarcoma (CS) is more common in older age.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Event Package for Content Push Delivery (2009)

This document specifies a protocol for push delivery protocol over
SIP. The purpose is to allow an application on a UA to subscribe to
updates to its own application events containing either content or
references to the content. This document describes how content can be
pushed out to an application by the use of push events. As part of
this framework, a new SIP event package is defined for notification of
push events for content delivery.
Pineal (2017)

Interactive, smart objects-customized to individuals and uses-are central to many movements, such as tangibles, the internet of things (IoT), and ubiquitous computing. Yet, rapid prototyping both the form and function of these custom objects can be problematic, particularly for those with limited electronics or programming experience. Designers often need to embed custom circuitry; program its workings; and create a form factor that not only reflects the desired user experience but can also house the required circuitry and electronics. To mitigate this, we created Pineal, a design tool that lets end-users: (1) modify 3D models to include a smart watch or phone as its heart; (2) specify high-level interactive behaviours through visual programming; and (3) have the phone or watch act out such behaviours as the objects' "smarts". Furthermore, a series of prototypes show how Pineal exploits mobile sensing and output, and automatically generates 3D printed form-factors for rich, interactive, objects.
Flat combining and the synchronization-parallelism tradeoff (2010)

Traditional data structure designs, whether lock-based or lock-free, provide parallelism via fine grained synchronization among threads.
Pneumatic Displacement of Subretinal Hemorrhage Without Tissue Plasminogen Activator (1998)

Gas injected into the vitreous cavity can displace SRH without the use of tissue plasminogen activator in some cases. Visual acuity after gas injection may be improved, making this treatment an alternative to evacuation of SRH with vitrectomy.
Overcoming the near-infra-red spectral range limit with Fabry-Perot silicon microcavity enabled by slotted micromirrors (2017)

In this work we report, a novel Fabry-Perot architecture and its implementation on silicon leading to an ultra-wideband spectral range, where the latter is not limited to the infrared range, but extended below 1100 nm and even to the visible range. The microcavity is constructed of two flat slotted mirrors. The microcavity is fabricated using deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) of silicon wafer. The structure is metalized with Aluminum to improve the mirrors reflectivity, while the mirror is partially transmitting; thanks to the slots in the mirrors. The characterization is carried out using tunable laser sources (TLS) around 1575 nm and 914 nm. The measured free spectral range (FSR) is 6.7 nm around 1575 nm and 2.2 nm around 914 nm. Two microcavities are characterized having 2-pm and 4-pm slot widths, and their quality factor is about 1300 and 2000, respectively at 1575 nm. The quality factor is 2555 for the 2 pm slotted mirrors structure at 914 nm demonstrating the operation below 1100 nm. The reported results open the door for MEMS microcavity operating below 1100 nm, which is a range of high interest for biomedical and food spectroscopy applications.
Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Identifies a Novel Population of CD4+CD8+ T Cells that are Regulated by COX-2 During Allergic Lung Inflammation (2020)

Abstract To better understand the relative contributions of different cell types during allergic lung inflammation and the role of cyclooxygenase (COX)-derived eicosanoids in this process, we compared vehicle (control) and ovalbumin (OVA)-exposed lungs from wild type (WT) and COX-2−/− mice by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). Twenty-two unique cell clusters were identified in allergic lungs based on cell signature markers. In addition to known cell types, we identified 2 clusters of CD4+CD8+. Both populations were mitotically active (high % in S/G2/M phases) and exhibited a unique molecular identifier (UMI) index. FACS analysis confirmed the presence of these two distinct cell populations (CD4+HCD8+H and CD4+LCD8+H) that were increased after OVA-induced allergic lung inflammation. Interestingly, isolated CD4+HCD8+H T cells stimulated with phorbol ester expressed IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, but not IFNγ. In contrast, isolated and stimulated CD4+LCD8+H T cells primarily expressed IL-5. Mass cytometry (CyTOF) using a 37-antibody panel confirmed the increase in CD4+CD8+ T cells after OVA sensitization/exposure, as well as the induction of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13. Importantly, CD4+CD8+-1 and CD4+CD8+-2 cell populations identified by scRNA-Seq were increased in lungs from OVA-treated COX-2−/− mice compared to lungs from OVA-treated WT mice. Furthermore, COX-2−/− CD4+CD8+ T cells preferentially produced more IL-4 and IL-5 than WT CD4+CD8+ T cells. Thus, using scRNA-Seq, CyTOF and FACS analyses, we identified two populations of CD4+CD8+ T cells that produce immunoregulatory cytokines and are regulated by COX-2. These cells may play an important, previously unappreciated role in the pathogenesis of allergic lung disease.
Inferring Viscoelastic Dynamic Material Properties From Finite Element and Experimental Studies of Beams With Constrained Layer Damping (2006)

Viscoelastic materials are often used to add damping to metal structures, usually via the constrained layer damping method. The added damping depends strongly on material temperature and frequency, as do the underlying material properties of the viscoelastomer. Several standardized test methods are available to characterize the dynamic material properties of viscoelastomers. However, they rely on limited test data which is extrapolated using the time—temperature superposition technique. The authors have found that the different testing methods typically produce significantly different dynamic material properties, or “master curves.” An approach for inferring viscoelastomer dynamic moduli with better accuracy is suggested here. Several metal bars are treated using constrained layer damping. Experimental modal analyses are conducted on the bars at different temperatures to produce sets of system resonance frequencies and loss factors. Corresponding finite element (FE) models of the treated bars are analyzed using assumed viscoelastomer material properties based on master curves generated using a standardized test technique. The parameters which define the master curves are adjusted by trial and error until the FE-simulated system loss factors match those of the measurements. The procedure is demonstrated on two viscoelastomers with soft and stiff moduli.
Developmental Control and Plasticity of Fruit and Seed Dimorphism in Aethionema arabicum (2016)

Understanding how plants cope with changing habitats is a timely and important topic in plant research. Phenotypic plasticity describes the capability of a genotype to produce different phenotypes when exposed to different environmental conditions. In contrast, the constant production of a set of distinct phenotypes by one genotype mediates bet hedging, a strategy that reduces the temporal variance in fitness at the expense of a lowered arithmetic mean fitness. Both phenomena are thought to represent important adaptation strategies to unstable environments. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms of these phenomena, partly due to the lack of suitable model systems. We used phylogenetic and comparative analyses of fruit and seed anatomy, biomechanics, physiology, and environmental responses to study fruit and seed heteromorphism, a typical morphological basis of a bet-hedging strategy of plants, in the annual Brassicaceae species Aethionema arabicum Our results indicate that heteromorphism evolved twice within the Aethionemeae, including once for the monophyletic annual Aethionema clade. The dimorphism of Ae. arabicum is associated with several anatomic, biomechanical, gene expression, and physiological differences between the fruit and seed morphs. However, fruit ratios and numbers change in response to different environmental conditions. Therefore, the life-history strategy of Ae. arabicum appears to be a blend of bet hedging and plasticity. Together with the available genomic resources, our results pave the way to use this species in future studies intended to unravel the molecular control of heteromorphism and plasticity.
Combination Therapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by GPC3-Targeted Bispecific Antibody and Irinotecan is Potent in Suppressing Tumor Growth in Mice (2021)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a world leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and currently no curative treatment for advanced HCC is available. Glypican-3 (GPC3) is an attractive target for HCC immunotherapy. This study explored the efficacy of six GPC3-targeted bispecific antibodies, alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drug Irinotecan, for the treatment of HCC. The bispecific antibodies were constructed using three different structures, knob-into-hole (KH), scFv-scFv-hFc, and scFv-hFc-scFv, where CD3-targeting mAb OKT3 (scFv) was paired with two representative GPC3 mAbs hYP7 (scFv) and HN3 (VH only) that target different epitopes. The <i>In vitro</i> cell killing assay revealed that all bispecific antibodies efficiently killed GPC3 positive cancer cells, with hYP7-KH, hYP7-OKT3-hFc, and HN3-KH being most potent. <i>In vivo</i> xenograft mouse studies demonstrated that all bispecific antibodies suppressed tumor growth similarly, with hYP7-OKT3-hFc performing slightly better. Combination of hYP7-OKT3-hFc with Irinotecan dramatically improved the efficacy and arrested tumor growth of HepG2, Hep3B, and G1 in xenograft mice. Our results demonstrated that the cell surface proximal bispecific antibody hYP7-OKT3-hFc was superior in terms of potency and the GPC3-targeted bispecific antibody combined with Irinotecan was much potent to control HCC growth.
Effect of intracellular Ca2+ on insulin-like growth factor II. internalization into pancreatic acini. Roles of insulin and cholecystokinin. (1984)

Previously, we reported that pancreatic acini have specific receptors for the insulin-like growth factors (IGF) I and II. We now report that the binding of 125I-labeled IGF II to mouse pancreatic acini is maximally increased by 100 nM insulin (51%) and is maximally reduced by 10 nM cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK8) (34%), but is not affected by other regulatory peptides such as somatostatin or glucagon. Since many polypeptide hormones are internalized, we determined whether this regulation of IGF II binding occurred via a change in internalization. Acid washing or trypsinization has been shown to remove surface-bound hormone while the acid- or trypsin-resistant radioactivity represents internalized radioligand. Insulin increased and CCK8 decreased the internalization of IGF II as determined by these techniques. Studies of IGF II binding to acini at low temperature (15 degrees C) and binding to particulate fractions from acini were also consistent with the effect of insulin to increase and CCK8 to decrease the internalization of IGF II. When insulin and CCK8 were added together, the inhibitory effect of CCK8 predominated, indicating that CCK8 acted distal to the effect of insulin. Several lines of evidence suggest that this effect of CCK8 was via the CCK receptor and was mediated via a change in intracellular Ca2+: the effect of CCK8 on inhibiting IGF II binding was blocked by the cholecystokinin antagonist N2,O2'-dibutyryl cGMP; the cholinergic agent carbachol (1-100 microM), which acts through the muscarinic receptor to increase intracellular Ca2+, also inhibited IGF II binding; the Ca2+ ionophore A23187 (1-5 microM) mimicked the effects of CCK8 and carbachol. These data indicate, therefore, that CCK8 and possibly insulin may regulate the internalization of IGF II via intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, the data raise the possibility that alterations of hormone internalization may be a general phenomenon of hormone-hormone interaction.
MET activation confers resistance to cetuximab, and prevents HER2 and HER3 upregulation in head and neck cancer (2019)

An understanding of the mechanisms underlying acquired resistance to cetuximab is urgently needed to improve cetuximab efficacy in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Here, we present a clinical observation that MET pathway activation constitutes the mechanism of acquired resistance to cetuximab in a patient with HNSCC. Specifically, RNA sequencing and mass spectrometry analysis of cetuximab-sensitive (Cetux<sup>Sen</sup> ) and cetuximab-resistant (Cetux<sup>Res</sup> ) tumors indicated MET amplification and overexpression in the Cetux<sup>Res</sup> tumor compared to the Cetux<sup>Sen</sup> lesion. Stimulation of MET in HNSCC cell lines was sufficient to reactivate the MAPK pathway and to confer resistance to cetuximab in vitro and in vivo. In addition to the direct role of MET in reactivation of the MAPK pathway, MET stimulation abrogates the well-known cetuximab-induced compensatory feedback loop of HER2/HER3 expression. Mechanistically, we showed that the overexpression of HER2 and HER3 following cetuximab treatment is mediated by the ETS homologous transcription factor (EHF), and is suppressed by MET/MAPK pathway activation. Collectively, our findings indicate that evaluation of MET and HER2/HER3 in response to cetuximab in HNSCC patients can provide the rationale of successive line of treatment.
Defect-Engineered Nanostructured Ni/MOF-Derived Carbons for an Efficient Aqueous Battery-Type Energy Storage Device (2020)

A Ni-based metal-organic framework (Ni-MOF) has been synthesized using a microwave-assisted strategy and converted to nanostructured Ni/MOF-derived mesoporous carbon (Ni/MOFDC) by carbonization and acid treatment (AT-Ni/MOFDC). The materials are well characterized with Raman, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), revealing that chemical etching confers on the AT-Ni/MOFDC-reduced average nanoparticle size (high surface area) and structural defects including oxygen vacancies. AT-Ni/MOFDC displays low series resistances and a higher specific capacity (<i>C</i> <sub>s</sub>) of 199 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> compared to Ni/MOFDC (92 mAh g<sup>-1</sup>). This study shows that the storage mechanism of the Ni-based electrode as a battery-type energy storage (BTES) system can be controlled by both non-faradic and faradic processes and dependent on the sweep rate or current density. AT-Ni/MOFDC reveals mixed contributions at different rates: 75.2% faradic and 24.8% non-faradic contributions at 5 mV s<sup>-1</sup>, and 34.1% faradic and 65.9% non-faradic at 50 mV s<sup>-1</sup>. The full BTES device was assembled with AT-Ni/MOFDC as the cathode and acetylene black (AB) as the anode. Compared to recent literature, the AT-Ni/MOFDC//AB BTES device exhibits high energy (33 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>) and high power (983 W kg<sup>-1</sup>) with excellent cycling performance (about 88% capacity retention over 2000 cycles). This new finding opens a window of opportunity for the rational designing of next-generation energy storage devices, supercapatteries, that combine the characteristics of batteries (high energy) and supercapacitors (high power).
Evaluation of the Relative Weight (Wr) Index for Assessment of White Crappie and Black Crappie Populations (1991)

We evaluated a large data set and confirmed that current standard weight (Ws) equations for white crappies Pomoxis annularis and black crappies P. nigromaculatus are length-biased. We applied the regression-line-percentile (RLP) technique to length-weight data for 27,002 white crappies (175 populations) and 21,709 black crappies (80 populations) to develop new 75th-percentile Ws relationships. The proposed Ws equations are log10 Ws(g) = −5.642 + 3.332 log10TL(mm) for white crappies and log10 Ws(g) = −5.618+ 3.345 log10TL(mm) for black crappies; TL is total length. There was no systematic bias evident in Wr values (Wr = 100· W /Ws; W is individual fish weight) calculated with the RLP-generated equations. Frequency distributions of population-mean Wr values were consistent with those from studies of other fish species. No regional trends in Wr were observed. Moderate correlations were found between Wr and population structure. Relative weight was generally highest in the spring, decreased after spawning, and increased throughout the summer and fall.
Molecular Sieves: Porous Organic Cage Thin Films and Molecular‐Sieving Membranes (Adv. Mater. 13/2016) (2016)

Porous organic cage molecules are a new class of molecular materials that combine microporosity and solution-processability. On page 2629, E. Sivaniah, A. I. Cooper, and co-workers demonstrate solution processing of cage molecules into thin films with tunable structures. For the first time, cage molecules are fabricated into continuous and pinhole-free microporous molecular-sieving membranes, as confirmed by selective gas transport in terms of high permeance and molecular selectivity. Image credit: Adam Kewley.