gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Reply to Elder (2018)

We thank Dr. Elder for his comments and for the opportunity to continue a dialogue on the potential consequences of eliminating performance-based assessments as a requirement for medical licensure in the United States. We agree that careful consideration should be given to the impact such a decision would have on international medical graduates (IMGs). Interestingly, the United Kingdom is engaged in similar conversations. The General Medical Council (GMC) revealed plans to implement a national licensing examination (NLE) for all UK graduates and IMGs seeking to enter the medical register.1 The GMC has published reports of its engagement with UK medical schools2 and the public.3 As a result of the United Kingdom’s European Union membership, physicians from the European Economic Area (EEA) are not required to demonstrate competence by an NLE to gain registration in the United Kingdom, yet most physicians outside of the EEA are required to pass the United Kingdom’s Professional and Linguistic Assessments Board. The Medical Licensing Assessment (MLA) will be a two-part assessment of applied knowledge and clinical skills. Inevitable issues surrounding exam cost and burden have been raised. As a result, the GMC currently states that the clinical skills assessment will occur at individual universities for UK medical students as part of their degree program, and “we will check that this meets our requirements.”4 It will be interesting to see how the GMC balances cost, standardization, and oversight within a decentralized system, especially when concerns about variability in medical schools’ finals have already been expressed.5 Furthermore, the GMC plans to administer the clinical skills assessment for IMGs, which raises the question of whether candidates will be held to a common standard regardless of the country in which they were trained. The United Kingdom offers a unique case study of the various ways medical graduates gain registration, and as the United Kingdom withdraws from the European Union, we can learn lessons from the implementation of the MLA. Ultimately, assessment drives learning and demonstrates that our professional values align with public concerns. We do not support forfeiting a national clinical skills competency standard in the United States. Rather, we support further evolution of the United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 2 Clinical Skills to reflect the needs of students, medical schools, training programs, and patients as well as the desired outcomes for physicians of the future. David J. Ecker, MDAssistant professor of medicine, assistant director of education, Hospital Medicine Group, and director, Foundations of Doctoring Curriculum, Integrated Clinicians Course, and Clinical Practice Exam, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado; [email protected] Michelle Daniel, MD, MHPEAssistant dean for curriculum, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan. Felise B. Milan, MDProfessor of medicine and director, Ruth L. Gottesman Clinical Skills Center and Introduction to Clinical Medicine Program, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York.
Preliminary report on the use of oral tacrolimus (FK506) in the treatment of complicated proximal small bowel and fistulizing Crohn??s disease (1997)

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology publishes papers reporting original clinical and scientific research which are of a high standard and which contribute to the advancement of knowledge in the field of gastroenterology and hepatology. The journal publishes five types of manuscript: reviews, original papers, short papers, case reports and letters to the Editor. Submitted articles undergo a preliminary review by the editor. Some articles may be returned to authors without further consideration. Those being considered for publication will undergo further assessment and peer-review by the editors and those invited to do so from a reviewer pool. Peer-review is single blind.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thiolate-Protected Gold Nanoparticles of Controlled Diameter (2019)

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have been the focus of many studies owing to their unique optical and electronic properties and versatile applications. However, synthesis of stable and homogeneous AuNPs with a particular choice of size is still a challenge. In this study we describe a direct synthesis approach to produce stable and monodisperse water-soluble AuNPs with a tightly controlled diameter in the 1.7–2.4 nm range. We controlled the size by changing only the sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentration in the synthesis. Gel electrophoresis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and solution X-ray scattering showed that the AuNPs had narrow size-distributions. We further showed that AuNPs of the different sizes were clearly distinguishable in TEM micrographs, paving the way to dual-target labeling. The reactivity of the AuNPs toward DNA and proteins was also demonstrated. We utilized this reactivity to label tail-anchored proteins embedded in the membrane of the anticancer nanodrug Doxil as a means to target it to specific cell types. The gold-labeling enabled the precise localization of the tail-anchored proteins in cryo-TEM images of the therapeutic liposomes.
Novel N‐Aryl and N‐Heteroaryl Sulfamide Synthesis via Palladium Cross‐Coupling. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pavement Repair Guidelines for Longitudinal Joints (2010)

This report provides information on the implementations of Project 5-5444-01, "Pilot Implementation of Pavement Repair Guidelines for Longitudinal Cracks and joints," applies the lessons and recommendations from the previous Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) funded Center for Transportation Research (CTR) Research Project 0-5444, "Rehabilitation Procedures for Longitudinal Cracks and Joints Separation in Concrete Pavement,: which investigated the causes and repairs of longitudinal joint separations and faulting.
Bifunctional Therapeutic Peptides for Targeting Malignant B Cells and Hepatocytes: Proof of Concept in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2020)

Abstract Protein–protein interactions are well recognized as therapeutic targets and therefore interfering peptides (IP) that block these interactions are receiving increasing attention. Four different tumor‐penetrating peptides (TPPs) (iRGD, RPARPAR, Linear TT1 (LinTT1), and cyclic TT1 (TT1)) are associated to an IP that blocks the interaction between the protein phosphatase PP2A and its binding protein SET, generating new bifunctional peptides able to intracellularly target the PP2A/SET interaction in malignant B cells and tumoral hepatocytes. The TPPs are able to penetrate into B cells of patients suffering chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and into tumoral hepatocytes but not into B cells from healthy donors and healthy hepatocytes. The association of cargo does not affect the penetration of the TPPs in CLL B cells. All the bifunctional peptides induce apoptosis in human CLL B cells and tumoral hepatocytes, and stability tests reveal that iRGD‐IP, RPARPAR‐IP, and TT1‐IP are stable after 24 h incubation in human serum. The iRGD associated with the IP significantly increases the survival of mice bearing xenograft models of CLL without any symptom of toxicity, suggesting that the bifunctional peptides may have a therapeutic application for selective tumoral targeting of PP2A/SET interaction, which is deregulated in several cancers, including CLL.
Use of the fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine to study the interactions of aminoglycoside antibiotics with the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1984)

The mode of interaction of the polycationic aminoglycoside antibiotics with the surface of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cells was studied with the hydrophobic fluorescent probe 1-N-phenylnaphthylamine (NPN). The addition of the aminoglycoside gentamicin to intact cells in the presence of NPN led to a shift in the fluorescence emission maximum from 460 to 420 nm. At the same time the NPN fluorescence intensity increased fourfold. Gentamicin caused no such effects when added to outer membrane vesicles, suggesting that the increased fluorescence resulted from the interaction of gentamicin with intact cells. Gentamicin-promoted NPN uptake was inhibited by the divalent cations Mg2+ and Ca2+, but occurred in the absence of gentamicin transport across the inner membrane. Low concentrations of gentamicin (2 micrograms/ml) caused NPN fluorescence to increase over a period of 4 min in a sigmoidal fashion. At higher concentrations (50 micrograms/ml) the increase occurred within a few seconds. The final fluorescence intensity was almost independent of the gentamicin concentration. A centrifugation technique was used to demonstrate that gentamicin caused actual uptake of NPN from the supernatant. The initial rate of NPN uptake varied according to the gentamicin concentration in a sigmoidal fashion. Similar data were obtained for seven other aminoglycoside antibiotics. The data, when reanalyzed as a Hill plot, gave a series of lines with a mean slope (the Hill number) of 2.26 +/- 0.26, suggesting that the interaction of aminoglycosides with the cell surface to permeabilize it to NPN involved at least three sites and demonstrated positive cooperativity. There was a statistically significant relationship between the pseudoassociation constant K, from the Hill plots and the minimal inhibitory concentrations for the eight antibiotics. These results are consistent with the concept that aminoglycosides interact as a divalent cation binding site on the P. aeruginosa outer membrane and permeabilize it to the hydrophobic prove NPN.
Micro-tensile bond strength of solely self-cured composite cement onto dentin (2016)

To evaluate bonding effectiveness of a new experimental composite cement to dentin in terms of microtensile bond strength (μTBS) after 1week (‘immediate’) and 6month (‘aged’) artificial aging. Flat ground dentin of 32 human molars was prepared using 600-grit SiC paper. Selfmade composite blocks (Clearfil AP-X,Kuraray Noritake) were bonded to flat dentin surfaces using 4 composite cements: Exp. HPC100 (Kuraray Noritake), Multilink (Ivoclar Vivadent), RelyX Unicem 2 and RelyX Ultimate (both 3M). The composite cements were not lightcured but solely allowed to selfcure. The μTBS was measured using a LRX testing device (LRX, Lloyd) after 1week and 6month water storage. Bond strength data were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a posthoc Nemenyi multiple comparisons analysis (p<0.05). The failure mode of representative fractured specimens was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. The significantly highest μTBS was measured for the exp. HPC100 composite cement, both after 1week and 6-month water storage. No difference in μTBS was found between RelyX Unicem and RelyX Ultimate for both storage periods. The ‘immediate’ and ‘aged’ μTBS was lowest for Multilink. As compared to the commercially available composite cements tested, the bonding effectiveness to dentin of the new exp. HPC100 composite cement, being the experimental precursor of Panavia V5 that was recently launched by Kuraray Noritake, was significantly higher and appeared resistant against 6-month water storage aging, this when all composite cements were solely selfcured.
Quinpramine Ameliorates Rat Experimental Autoimmune Neuritis and Redistributes MHC Class II Molecules (2011)

Activation of inflammatory cells is central to the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating diseases of the peripheral nervous system. The novel chimeric compound quinpramine--generated from imipramine and quinacrine--redistributes cholesterol rich membrane domains to intracellular compartments. We studied the immunological and clinical effects of quinpramine in myelin homogenate induced Lewis rat experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN), a model system for acute human inflammatory neuropathies, such as the Guillain-Barré syndrome. EAN animals develop paresis of all limbs due to autoimmune inflammation of peripheral nerves. Quinpramine treatment ameliorated clinical disease severity of EAN and infiltration of macrophages into peripheral nerves. It reduced expression of MHC class II molecules on antigen presenting cells and antigen specific T cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Quinpramine exerted its anti-proliferatory effect on antigen presenting cells, but not on responder T cells. Our data suggest that quinpramine represents a candidate pharmaceutical for inflammatory neuropathies.
UV-Triggered Transient Electrospun Poly(propylene carbonate)/Poly(phthalaldehyde) Polymer Blend Fiber Mats (2018)

This work reports the first transient electrospun nanofiber mat triggered by UV-irradiation using poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC)/poly(phthalaldehyde) (cPPA) polymer blends. The ability to trigger room temperature transience of nanofiber mats without the need for additional heat or solvent expands its utility in nonbiological fields, especially for transient electronic devices. The addition of a photo-acid-generator to the system, working in combination with UV light, provides an acid source to enhance degradation because both polymer backbones are acid-sensitive. Electrospinning enables the production of PPC/cPPA composite nanofiber mats capable of significant degradation upon exposure to UV radiation while maintaining relatively high mechanical properties. An acid amplifier, an autocatalytically decomposing compound triggered by acid, was used to generate more acid and accelerate nanofiber degradation. The electrospun fiber mats can be post-annealed to achieve an improved mat with a mechanical strength of ∼170 MPa.
Kisspeptin is involved in ovarian follicular development during aging in rats (2015)

We have previously reported that kisspeptin (KP) may be under the control of the sympathetic innervation of the ovary. Considering that the sympathetic activity of the ovary increases with aging, it is possible that ovarian KP also increases during this period and participates in follicular development. To evaluate this possibility, we determined ovarian KP expression and its action on follicular development during reproductive aging in rats. We measured ovarian KP mRNA and protein levels in 6-, 8-, 10- and 12-month-old rats. To evaluate follicular developmental changes, intraovarian administration of KP or its antagonist, peptide 234 (P234), was performed using a mini-osmotic pump, and to evaluate FSH receptor (FSHR) changes in the senescent ovary, we stimulated cultured ovaries with KP, P234 and isoproterenol (ISO). Our results shows that KP expression in the ovary was increased in 10- and 12-month-old rats compared with 6-month-old rats, and this increase in KP was strongly correlated with the increase in ovarian norepinephrine observed with aging. The administration of KP produced an increase in corpora lutea and type III follicles in 6- and 10-month-old rats, which was reversed by P234 administration at 10 months. In addition, KP decreased the number and size of antral follicles in 6- and 10-month-old rats, while P234 administration produced an increase in these structures at the same ages. In ovarian cultures KP prevented the induction of FSHR by ISO. These results suggest that intraovarian KP negatively participates in the acquisition of FSHR, indicating a local role in the regulation of follicular development and ovulation during reproductive aging.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Fluorophosphonium Cations in Frustrated Lewis Pair Hydrogen Activation and Catalytic Hydrogenation of Olefins. (2015)

Abstract The hydrogenation of olefins is achieved using a combination of phoshorous(V)‐based Lewis acids with diaryl amines for the activation of dihydrogen.
Poster abstract: Themis: A data-driven approach to bot detection (2018)

We propose Themis, a bot detection approach based on the inference of the structure of time varying IP-to-IP communication with the Stochastic Block Model (SBM). Themis uses the inferred structure to detect and quantify abnormal behavior of individual hosts. The novelty of our approach is the use of probabilistic inference directly on host interactions to model normality. The challenges of our approach are the adaptation of the inference process to obtain usable outputs in a dynamic system, and the specification of abnormal behavior with respect to the inferred structure. Themis identifies infected hosts with accuracy larger 95 % and compares favorably against state of the art botnet detection mechanisms.
Web-based learning and technology – Chinese Orthopaedic Association and World Orthopaedic Association Beijing Summit task group (2013)

Orthopaedic translation is a dynamic process. It entails an ever changing working relationship among the various key professional groups, namely, orthopaedic surgeons, scientists and engineers, industries, and regulatory bodies. Interactive sharing of information among these groups is the key to the fast development of orthopaedic translation in the past decades. There is an enormous pool of information on the Internet, which may pose a puzzle to the readers. It is therefore imperative for the Journal of Orthopaedic Translation to examine the power of web-based learning technology at the onset of the journal's launch.
Reengineering a server ecosystem for enhanced portability and performance (2018)

We describe the design and implementation of the new, little-endian Linux on Power operating environment, with a particular emphasis on its application interfaces. The new environment was designed to simplify porting of applications from other processor architectures to Power. It uses little-endian data formats to reduce the need for code adaptation and debugging during porting, and to simplify the use of commodity off-the-shelf system components, such as I/O adapters and accelerators. We took advantage of introducing a new operating environment to optimize the platform application binary interface (ABI) for new programming patterns and paradigms, resulting in enhanced out-of-the-box performance. The new ABI responds to increasing componentization of applications by reducing the overhead involved in function calls with an emphasis on accelerating calls to short functions as well as calls to runtime-resolved functions, i.e., functions in shared libraries, function pointers, virtual methods, and interface functions.
Metastasis of mouse T lymphoma cells is controlled by the level of major histocompatibility complex class I H‐2DK antigens (1994)

In vivo inoculation of a low metastatic BW 5147 derived T-cell lymphoma variant into syngeneic mice, had led to the generation of a highly metastatic variant. The shift towards a more metastatic phenotype is accompanied by an increase in major histocompatibility class I H-2Dk antigen expression. This suggests that H-2Dk antigens may control the metastatic potential of BW T lymphoma cells. Our present findings indicate that H-2Dk expression is directly correlated with the metastatic potential of BW cells. We have confirmed such correlation by specifically altering the level of H-2Dk expression by: 1) FACS analysis, 2) IFN-gamma treatment, 3) H-2Dk gene transfection. Cells sorted for low H-2Dk expression had a significantly reduced metastatic potential. Induction of H-2Dk expression on these cells by either IFN-gamma treatment or H-2Dk gene transfection concomitantly led to increased metastasis. We also assessed metastatic potential of BW cells in irradiated, immunocompromised recipients. Our results show that the immune system is implicated and we further tested which immune effectors are involved. In vivo depletion of natural killer (NK) and CD8+ T-cells revealed that the difference in metastatic potential of the H-2Dk variants relies upon an NK-dependent mechanism, whereas CD8+ T-cells are not implicated. Our observations suggest that highly metastatic cells, expressing a high level of H-2Dk antigens are more resistant to NK-cell-mediated cytotoxicity in vivo. We have confirmed our in vivo results by in vitro cytotoxicity assays using poly I:C induced NK and IL-2 activated LAK cells. We conclude that a NK-dependent mechanism accounts for the association between differential H-2Dk antigen expression and metastasis.
A DAML-based repository for QoS-aware semantic Web service selection (2004)

The Web is moving toward a collection of interoperating Web services. Achieving this interoperability requires dynamic discovery of Web services on the basis of their capabilities. The capability of a service can be properly determined by using not only its functional description (or service interface), but also its quality attributes as judged by previous users of the service. We develop a service repository that extends UDDI registries. This repository combines an ontology of attributes with evaluation data. We base our repository on a new query and manipulation language based on DAML. Our language includes support for a rich set of operations, which are needed to maintain an attribute ontology, publish services, rate services, and select services based on their functional attributes as well as evaluations by others. We have implemented our approach and evaluated its practical completeness via a number of key query and manipulation templates.
CyberCode (2000)

The CyberCode is a visual tagging system based on a 2D-barcode technology and provides several features not provided by other tagging systems. CyberCode tags can be recognized by the low-cost CMOS or CCD cameras found in more and more mobile devices, and it can also be used to determine the 3D position of the tagged object as well as its ID number. This paper describes examples of augmented reality applications based on CyberCode, and discusses some key characteristics of tagging technologies that must be taken into account when designing augmented reality environments.
Relationship between male age, semen parameters and assisted reproductive technology outcomes (2020)

Paternal factors are associated with assisted reproductive technology outcomes, and future studies should explore mechanisms by which semen quality is associated with assisted reproductive technology outcomes.
Regulation of acetone butanol production in batch and continuous cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum (1983)

The influence of pH and glucose concentration in batch and continuous cultures of Clostridium acetobutylicum is examined. At high pH and low glucose concentration only acids are produced. At low pH and high initial or feed glucose concentration, butanol and acetone are the main metabolites produced. According to a detailed kinetic analysis of the different fermentations, solvents are only produced if the concentration of undissociated butyric acid in the medium reaches a critical level. 10 references, 9 figures, 1 table.
Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy with a modeless dye laser (1997)

We develop a modeless dye laser for broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) and investigate the operational characteristics of the modeless laser. The energy efficiency of the modeless laser is 6%, and the beam divergence is 0.65 mrad. We construct a compact movable CARS system with the modeless laser and a graphite tube furnace to assess the accuracy of the CARS temperature. It is found that the difference between the averaged CARS temperature and the radiation temperature measured with an optical pyrometer is <2% at a temperature range from 1000 to 2400 K. We also measure the averaged CARS temperature drift owing to the variation of the spectral distribution of the modeless laser, which is <1.5% during 5 h of operation.