gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Elastography Shear Wave Velocity Correlates with Liver Fibrosis and Hepatic Venous Pressure Gradient in Adults with Advanced Liver Disease (2017)

<i>Background.</i> Portal hypertension, an elevation in the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG), can be used to monitor disease progression and response to therapy in cirrhosis. Since obtaining HVPG measurements is invasive, reliable noninvasive methods of assessing portal hypertension are needed. <i>Methods.</i> Noninvasive markers of fibrosis, including magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) shear wave velocity, were correlated with histologic fibrosis and HVPG measurements in hepatitis C (HCV) and/or HIV-infected patients with advanced liver disease enrolled in a clinical trial of treatment with simtuzumab, an anti-LOXL2 antibody. <i>Results.</i> This exploratory analysis includes 23 subjects: 9 with HCV monoinfection, 9 with HIV and HCV, and 5 with HIV and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Median Ishak fibrosis score was 4 (range 1-6); 11 subjects (48%) had cirrhosis. Median HVPG was 6 mmHg (range 3-16). Liver stiffness measured by MRE correlated with HVPG (<i>r</i> = 0.64, <i>p</i> = 0.01), histologic fibrosis score (<i>r</i> = 0.71, <i>p</i> = 0.004), noninvasive fibrosis indices, including APRI (<i>r</i> = 0.81, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and soluble LOXL2 (<i>r</i> = 0.82, <i>p</i> = 0.001). On stepwise multivariate regression analysis, MRE was the only variable independently associated with HVPG (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.377, <i>p</i> = 0.02). <i>Conclusions.</i> MRE of the liver correlated independently with HVPG. MRE is a valid noninvasive measure of liver disease severity and may prove to be a useful tool for noninvasive portal hypertension assessment. <i>Trial Registration Number</i>. This trial is registered with NCT01707472.
Liver decompensation predicts ribavirin overexposure in hepatitis C virus patients treated with direct-acting antivirals (2017)

Liver decompensation might affect RBV clearance leading to an overexposure and increased related toxicities in decompensated cirrhosis. Our findings underscore the importance of an early ribavirin therapeutic drug monitoring and suggest that an initial lower RBV dose, rather than weight-based, might be considered in those with advanced liver disease (CP-B) treated with direct-acting antivirals.
Cryogenic supply system for high-temperature superconductivity devices (SCR 001) (2017)

Creation of an autonomous and efficient cryogenic supply system with a resource of continuous operation of at least 30,000 hours for use in high-current devices (cables, electric motors, generators, transformers, etc.) using high-temperature superconductivity is a key task for the widespread introduction of promising technologies in industry. The study gives the results of the work on creation of a cryogenic supply system for SCR 001 with a cooling capacity of 1,5 ... 2,5 kW at a temperature of 65K for local and distributed cryogenic systems. SCR 001 circulates liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 65 75K in a closed circuit of cooling superconductors and ensures the operation of electric motors, generators, etc. The refrigerator KR 001 has been built with a cooling capacity of 1...2,5 kW at 65 K. The refrigerator operates by the gas refrigerating inverted Brighton cycle with radial turbomachines. The design features of the cryorefrigerator are as follows: neon is the working fluid in the gas circuit; turbochargers and turboexpander have gas-dynamic bearings; cooling of the working fluid (neon) after compression occurs in compact platefinned end heat exchangers with the help of antifreeze, and cooling of antifreeze is due to the air in the heat exchanger by means of fans.
Retinoic acid inhibits human melanoma tumor cell invasion. (1990)

The anticancer effects of retinoids have been recognized both in vivo and in vitro; however, little is known about their mechanism of action. Our study evaluated the effects of retinoic acid on the invasiveness of four human melanoma cell lines in vitro and showed a time-dependent inhibition of the ability of these cells to penetrate matrigel-coated filters. The possible mechanisms of action responsible for the anti-invasive effect were further investigated, and the data showed that retinoic acid-treated cells: (a) secreted lower levels of collagenolytic enzymes detected in type IV collagen-containing polyacrylamide gels compared with control cells, which was demonstrated by a decreased ability to degrade [3H]proline-labeled type IV collagen substrate; (b) showed a reduction in PA activity, primarily in the form of tPA, as demonstrated by chromogenic analysis; (c) showed a heterogeneous response with regard to c-myc, c-fos and c-jun mRNA expression, as determined by Northern blot analysis; and (d) demonstrated a decrease in B-actin levels and an increase in vimentin, as demonstrated by Northern blot analysis and SDS-PAGE transblot analysis. Collectively, these data suggest that RA causes an inhibitory effect on tumor cell invasion through a reconstituted basement basement membrane matrix by suppressing type IV collagenolytic activity and PA activity, which is probably triggered through a complex series of oncogene trans-acting factors, ultimately affecting cytoskeletal expression.
Observation of tera-hertz electromagnetic wave emission from InAs/GaAs quantum dots (2003)

Summary form only given. The authors propose using the intersubband (ISB)-transition in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) for THz electromagnetic wave emission, by considering the following features of the QDs: the ISB energy spacing corresponds to the photon energy in the THz frequency region, the quantum levels are completely discrete, and whenever the spacing of the quantum levels are not equal to the phonon energy, it is expected that nonradiative ISB-relaxation is greatly suppressed. They utilize a pin diode structure to observe the ISB-emission from the QDs, where both electrons and holes are injected into the QDs, and when the electrons relax from higher quantum levels to lower ones, the ISB-emission can be observed.
Optical power control filters: from laser dazzling to damage protection (2012)

With the development of more powerful lasers for applications, optical limiters and blockers are required for providing human eye and optical sensors protection. In some scenarios, laser radiation may seriously interrupt the signal, from transient saturation and can lead to permanent damage. We present a variety of non-linear, solid-state dynamic filter solutions protecting from dazzling and damage in a passive way. Our filters either limit or block the transmission, only if the power exceeds a certain threshold as opposed to spectral filters that block a certain wavelength permanently. We propose a dynamic protection for cameras, sensors and the human eye from laser threats.
“Stethoscopes” for nonintrusive monitoring (2017)

This paper provides a survey of example sensors that can be implemented with nonintrusive electromagnetic measurements. Stray electric and magnetic fields exist around many important components in commercial and industrial processes. For example, power cables operate surrounded by magnetic and electric fields. Flow meters operate with cyclically-varying magnetic fields. And stray electromagnetic fields can serve as an energy source for powering sensors wirelessly. These stray fields provide remarkable opportunities for nonintrusive sensing of industrial processes. Sensed information can be used to establish monitoring in new or retrofit systems, or can be used as a backup or redundant source to verify the operation of an installed sensor network. Three different example sensors are presented in this paper for power monitoring, fluid flow tracking, and electromechanical vibration monitoring. All three sensors make use of a common set of circuits for electric and magnetic field sensing. They illustrate approaches that could be applied for many other sensing applications.
Photochemical Tissue Passivation Prevents Contracture of Full Thickness Wounds in Mice (2019)

PTP significantly limits contracture of full-thickness wounds and improves wound healing. PTP-treated wounds histologically demonstrate more mature structural organization than untreated wounds and closely resemble native skin. PTP treatment may be applicable not only for excisional wounds, but also for wounds with a high incidence of contracture and associated morbidity. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
What is a Blockchain? A Definition to Clarify the Role of the Blockchain in the Internet of Things (2021)

The use of the term blockchain is documented for disparate projects, from cryptocurrencies to applications for the Internet of Things (IoT), and many more. The concept of blockchain appears therefore blurred, as it is hard to believe that the same technology can empower applications that have extremely different requirements and exhibit dissimilar performance and security. This position paper elaborates on the theory of distributed systems to advance a clear definition of blockchain that allows us to clarify its role in the IoT. This definition inextricably binds together three elements that, as a whole, provide the blockchain with those unique features that distinguish it from other distributed ledger technologies: immutability, transparency and anonimity. We note however that immutability comes at the expense of remarkable resource consumption, transparency demands no confidentiality and anonymity prevents user identification and registration. This is in stark contrast to the requirements of most IoT applications that are made up of resource constrained devices, whose data need to be kept confidential and users to be clearly known. Building on the proposed definition, we derive new guidelines for selecting the proper distributed ledger technology depending on application requirements and trust models, identifying common pitfalls leading to improper applications of the blockchain. We finally indicate a feasible role of the blockchain for the IoT: myriads of local, IoT transactions can be aggregated off-chain and then be successfully recorded on an external blockchain as a means of public accountability when required.
Scripts for the manuscript "The impact of rare protein coding genetic variation on adult cognitive function" (2023)

Scripts used to process, QC and analyze the data and produce tables and figures for the manuscript "The impact of rare protein coding genetic variation on adult cognitive function".
Evidence that α-Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Is a Neurohormone that Controls Systemic Lipid Availability and Utilization (2007)

Alpha-calcitonin gene-related peptide (alphaCGRP) is released mainly from sensory and motor nerves in response to physiological stimuli. Despite well-documented pharmacological effects, its primary physiological role has thus far remained obscure. Increased lipid content, particularly in skeletal muscle and liver, is strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, but the physiological regulation of organ lipid is imperfectly understood. Here we report our systematic investigations of the effects of alphaCGRP on in vitro and in vivo indices of lipid metabolism. In rodents, levels of alphaCGRP similar to those in the blood markedly stimulated fatty acid beta-oxidation and evoked concomitant mobilization of muscle lipid via receptor-mediated activation of muscle lipolysis. alphaCGRP exerted potent in vivo effects on lipid metabolism in muscle, liver, and the blood via receptor-mediated pathways. Studies with receptor antagonists were consistent with tonic regulation of lipid metabolism by an endogenous CGRP agonist. These data reveal that alphaCGRP is a newly recognized regulator of lipid availability and utilization in key tissues and that it may elevate the availability of intramyocellular free fatty acids to meet muscle energy requirements generated by contraction by evoking their release from endogenous triglyceride.
Introduction to special section: Seismic uncertainties and their impact (2015)

Uncertainty plays an important role in managing risk at all stages of the hydrocarbon exploration and production business. Much of this uncertainty is tied to the imperfect description of the subsurface in terms of structure and formation properties (the earth model). Therefore, our ability to
Artificial Intelligence for Retinopathy of Prematurity (2022)

The ROP vascular severity score correlates well with the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity committee member's labels for plus disease and stage, which had significant intergrader variability. Generation of a consensus for a validated scoring system for ROP SaMD can facilitate global innovation and regulatory authorization of these technologies.
Extracellular sulfatases as potential blood-based biomarkers for early detection of lung cancer (2021)

Our findings highlight the potential for the plasma levels of SULF2 protein and its bio-activity as novel blood biomarkers for early diagnosis of NSCLC.
FeIII48‐Containing 96‐Tungsto‐16‐Phosphate: Synthesis, Structure, Magnetism and Electrochemistry (2020)

The 48-Fe<sup>III</sup> -containing 96-tungsto-16-phosphate, [Fe<sup>III</sup> <sub>48</sub> (OH)<sub>76</sub> (H<sub>2</sub> O)<sub>16</sub> (HP<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> O<sub>48</sub> )<sub>8</sub> ]<sup>36-</sup> (Fe<sub>48</sub> ), has been synthesized and structurally characterized. This polyanion comprises eight equivalent {Fe<sup>III</sup> <sub>6</sub> P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> } units that are linked in an end-on fashion forming a macrocyclic assembly that contains more iron centers than any other polyoxometalate (POM) known to date. The novel Fe<sub>48</sub> was synthesized by a simple one-pot reaction of an {Fe<sub>22</sub> } coordination complex with the hexalacunary {P<sub>2</sub> W<sub>12</sub> } POM precursor in water. The title polyanion was characterized by single-crystal XRD, FTIR, TGA, magnetic and electrochemical studies.
Vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases (2010)

The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a group of parasitic and related infectious diseases such as amebiasis, Chagas disease, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, hookworm, leishmaniasis, and schistosomiasis. Together, these conditions are considered the most common infections in low- and middle-income countries, where they produce a level of global disability and human suffering equivalent to better known conditions such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and malaria. Despite their global public health importance, progress on developing vaccines for NTD pathogens has lagged because of some key technical hurdles and the fact that these infections occur almost exclusively in the world's poorest people living below the World Bank poverty line. In the absence of financial incentives for new products, the multinational pharmaceutical companies have not embarked on substantive research and development programs for the neglected tropical disease vaccines. Here, we review the current status of scientific and technical progress in the development of new neglected tropical disease vaccines, highlighting the successes that have been achieved (cysticercosis and echinococcosis) and identifying the challenges and opportunities for development of new vaccines for NTDs. Also highlighted are the contributions being made by non-profit product development partnerships that are working to overcome some of the economic challenges in vaccine manufacture, clinical testing, and global access.
Subharmonic Response of Polymer Contrast Agents Based on the Empirical Mode Decomposition (2016)

The subharmonic threshold for ultrasound contrast agents has been defined as a 20-25 dB difference between the fundamental and subharmonic (2/1) spectral components of the backscatter signal. However, this Fourier-based criterion assumes a linear time-invariant signal. A more appropriate criterion for short cycle and frequency-modulated waveforms is proposed with an adaptive signal-processing approach based on the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method. The signal is decomposed into an orthogonal basis known as intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a subharmonic threshold is defined with respect to the energy ratio of the subharmonic IMF component to that of the incident signal. The method is applied to backscatter data acquired from two polymer-shelled contrast agents, Philips (#38, mean diameter 2.0 [Formula: see text]) and Point Biomedical (#12027, mean diameter 3.9 [Formula: see text]). The acoustic backscatter signals are investigated for a single contrast agent subjected to monofrequency (20 MHz, 20 cycles) and chirp (15-25 MHz, 20 cycles) forcing for incident pressures ranging from 0.5 to 2.4 MPa. In comparison to the spectral peak difference (20 dB) criterion, the EMD method is more sensitive in determining subharmonic signals.
Multilineage plasticity in prostate cancer through expansion of stem–like luminal epithelial cells with elevated inflammatory signaling (2021)

Abstract Lineage plasticity is a well–established mechanism of resistance to targeted therapies in lung and prostate cancer, where tumors transition from adenocarcinoma to small–cell or neuroendocrine carcinoma. Through single–cell analysis of a cohort of heavily–treated castration–resistant human prostate cancers (CRPC), we report a greater degree of plasticity than previously appreciated, with multiple distinct neuroendocrine (NEPC), mesenchymal (EMT–like), and other subpopulations detected within single biopsies. To explore the steps leading to this plasticity, we turned to two genetically engineered mouse models of prostate cancer that recapitulate progression from adenocarcinoma to neuroendocrine disease. Time course studies reveal expansion of stem–like luminal epithelial cells ( Sca1 +, Psca +, called L2) that, based on trajectories, gave rise to at least 4 distinct subpopulations, NEPC ( Ascl1 +), POU2F3 ( Pou2f3 +), TFF3 ( Tff3 +) and EMT–like ( Vim +, Ncam1 +)––these populations are also seen in human prostate and small cell lung cancers. Transformed L2–like cells express stem–like and gastrointestinal endoderm–like transcriptional programs, indicative of reemerging developmental plasticity programs, as well as elevated Jak/Stat and interferon pathway signaling. In sum, while the magnitude of multilineage heterogeneity, both within and across patients, raises considerable treatment challenges, the identification of highly plastic luminal cells as the likely source of this heterogeneity provides a target for more focused therapeutic intervention. One Sentence Summary Multilineage plasticity results from expansion of stem–like luminal cells with JAK/STAT activation, serving as a therapeutic target.
Does Diet Influence the Retinal Microvasculature in Children? (2009)

10.1161/STROKEAHA.108.545616
Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning in Ophthalmology (2018)

Artificial intelligence (AI) based on deep learning (DL) has sparked tremendous global interest in recent years. DL has been widely adopted in image recognition, speech recognition and natural language processing, but is only beginning to impact on healthcare. In ophthalmology, DL has been applied to fundus photographs, optical coherence tomography and visual fields, achieving robust classification performance in the detection of diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, the glaucoma-like disc, macular oedema and age-related macular degeneration. DL in ocular imaging may be used in conjunction with telemedicine as a possible solution to screen, diagnose and monitor major eye diseases for patients in primary care and community settings. Nonetheless, there are also potential challenges with DL application in ophthalmology, including clinical and technical challenges, explainability of the algorithm results, medicolegal issues, and physician and patient acceptance of the AI 'black-box' algorithms. DL could potentially revolutionise how ophthalmology is practised in the future. This review provides a summary of the state-of-the-art DL systems described for ophthalmic applications, potential challenges in clinical deployment and the path forward.
A PLL based 12GHz LO generator with digital phase control in 90nm CMOS (2009)

A 12 GHz PLL with digital output phase control has been implemented in a 90 nm CMOS process. It is intended for LO signal generation in integrated phased array transceivers. Locally placed PLLs eliminate the need of long high frequency LO routing to each transceiver in a phased array circuit. Routing losses are thereby reduced and design of integrated phased array transceivers become more modular. A chip was manufactured, featuring two separate fully integrated PLLs operating at 12 GHz, with a common 1.5 GHz reference. The chip, including pads, measures 1050 × 700 ¿m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Each PLL consumes 15 mA from a 1.2 V supply, with a typical measured phase noise of -110 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The phase control range exceeds 360°.
Dispersible Plasmonic Doped Metal Oxide Nanocrystal Sensors that Optically Track Redox Reactions in Aqueous Media with Single‐Electron Sensitivity (2015)

Electron transfer in complex aqueous systems can be observed remotely with single‐electron sensitivity using locally dispersed nanostructures conferred with electronic charge concentration‐dependent plasmonic properties. When introduced to a system out of redox equilibrium, tin‐doped indium oxide nanocrystals undergo rapid multielectron transfer until redox equilibrium is reached; this modulates their free carrier concentration and plasmonic optical properties in the spectrally isolated near‐infrared. This capability is harnessed here to noninvasively track, model, and quantify electron transfer events reversibly for organic, inorganic, biogenic, and even living cells.