gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sustained Photoproduction of Ammonia from Dinitrogen and Water by the Nitrogen-Fixing Cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. Strain ATCC 33047 (1984)

Conditions have been developed that lengthen the time during which photosynthetic dinitrogen fixation by filaments of the cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. strain ATCC 33047 proceeds freely, whereas the subsequent conversion of ammonia into organic nitrogen remains blocked, with the resulting ammonia released to the outer medium. When l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine was added every 20 h, maximal rates of ammonia production (25 to 30 mumol/mg of chlorophyll per h) were maintained for about 50 h. After this time, ammonia production ceased due to a deficiency of glutamine and other nitrogenous compounds in the filaments, conditions which finally led to cell lysis. The effective ammonia production period could be further extended to about 7 days by adding a small amount of glutamine at the end of a 40-h production period or by allowing the cells to recover for 8 h in the absence of l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine after every 40-h period in the presence of the inhibitor. A more prolonged steady production of ammonia, lasting for longer than 2 weeks, was achieved by alternating treatments with the glutamine synthetase inhibitors l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine and phosphinothricin, provided that 8-h recovery periods in the absence of either compound were also alternated throughout. The biochemically manipulated cyanobacterial filaments thus represent a system that is relatively stable with time for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, with the net generation of a valuable fuel and fertilizer through the photoreduction of dinitrogen to ammonia.
The Do-loop Considered Harmful in Production System Programming (1986)

In this paper we focus on some aspects of Expert System programming. In particular we consider some of the language constructs which from part of a new production system language known as Herbal that we are developing at Columbia University. These language constructs greatly increase the expressiveness of a typical production system language and can be efficiently executed on a para11el machine. We briefly describe the DADO machine under development at Columbia University and J basic algorithm for production system execution for that machine. We conclude with a discussion of some performance Statistics recently calculated from m _analysis of production systems simulations and describe the expected effects of our added language constructs on these statistics.
Supratentorial hemangioblastoma: clinical features, prognosis, and predictive value of location for von Hippel-Lindau disease (2012)

Supratentorial hemangioblastoma is a rare form of hemangioblastoma; little information is available regarding prognosis, treatment, and clinical characteristics, because the available literature is primarily composed of case reports and small case series. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the literature to analyze clinical characteristics, disease progression, and surgical outcomes with respect to survival for supratentorial hemangioblastomas. The rate of progression-free survival (PFS) was determined using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Differences in categorical factors, including location of tumor and diagnosis of von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease, were analyzed using the Pearson χ(2) test. A total of 106 articles met the search criteria, which combined for a total of 132 patients. Of the patients with supratentorial tumors, 60% had VHL disease, and 31 (84%) of 37 patients with tumors in the sellar/suprasellar region had associated VHL (χ(2), P < .001). Five-year PFS for gross-total resection and subtotal resection were 100% and 53%, respectively (Log rank, P < .01). On the basis of our analysis of the literature on published cases of supratentorial hemangioblastoma, gross-total resection appears to be superior to other treatment modalities in extending PFS. Von Hippel-Lindau disease is positively correlated with supratentorial hemangioblastoma when compared with non-supratentorial CNS hemangioblastomas, particularly when present in the sellar/suprasellar region.
A Compact Microcontroller-Based MEMS Rate Integrating Gyroscope Module with Automatic Asymmetry Calibration (2020)

This paper presents the first microcontroller-based module-level MEMS rate integrating gyroscope (RIG) for direct angle measurement after automatic asymmetry calibration. The 5-cm prototype module integrates a vacuum-sealed donut-mass gyroscope device on analog and digital PCBs. In automatic calibration mode, the initial frequency and decay-time asymmetries are electrically tuned and reduced by >40 and >18 times, respectively. The sensing mode is enabled by built-in digital controls of vibration energy and frequency. Continuous angle measurement is confirmed with an angular random walk (ARW) of 0.6 deg/rt-h and a bias instability (BI) of 4.3 deg/h, proving comparable performances with previous FPGA-based large RIG systems. This module paves the way for RIG commercialization studies.
Insights into the Na+ Storage Mechanism of Phosphorus‐Functionalized Hard Carbon as Ultrahigh Capacity Anodes (2018)

Abstract Hard carbon as a typical anode material for sodium ion batteries has received much attention in terms of its low cost and renewability. Herein, phosphorus‐functionalized hard carbon with a specific “honeycomb briquette” shaped morphology is synthesized via electrospinning technology. When applied as an anode material for Na + storage, it exhibits an impressively high reversible capacity of 393.4 mA h g −1 with the capacity retention up to 98.2% after 100 cycles. According to first‐principle calculation, the ultrahigh capacity of the as‐prepared anode is ascribed to the enhancement of Na‐absorption through formation of PO and PC bonds in graphitic layers when doped with phosphorus. Moreover, the increase of electron density around the Fermi level is found to be mainly caused by O atoms instead of P atoms.
Table S2 from IL1 Receptor Antagonist Controls Transcriptional Signature of Inflammation in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sample information of invasive breast carcinoma dataset in TCGA and METABRIC&lt;/p&gt;
Particular Changes in the Activity of Intramuscular Dipeptidyl Peptidase III in Comparison to Those of Other Hydrolytic Enzymes in Dystrophic Mice. (1991)

Muscular dystrophy is known to occur mainly in hindlimb muscle, rather than in forelimb muscle, of dystrophic mice. In order to explain this phenomenon, we measured the activities of 12 hydrolytic enzymes, including exopeptidases, endopeptidases, and glycosidases, in muscle of forelimb and hindlimb. In spite of similar enzymatic changes in both limbs, multivariate analysis enabled us to extract two important factors that may explain the difference in the metabolism between forelimb muscle and hindlimb muscle of dystrophic mice. Of the two factors, one was closely correlated to mannosidase, DPP-IV, PEP, and cathepsin B, while the other was correlated to DPP-III, kallikrein, and AP-A. Of these enzymes, DPP-III was particular in that its activity was decreased in forelimb, but not in the hindlimb, muscle of dystrophic mice. The lack of a significant decrease in this enzymatic activity may prompt the muscular breakdown in the hindlimb of dystrophic mice.
J0320604 Relationship between Thickness of Pipe and Compressive Deformation Behavior of ADC12 Porous Aluminum / A1050 Pipe Composite Material (2014)

Porous aluminum (Al) is a lightweight with high energy absorption properties and expected as structural materials. In this study, porous Al core filled in Al pipe composite material (porous core pipe) was fabricated by friction welding. Precursor of porous Al was fabricated by mixing the Al plates and blowing agent powder by friction stir welding. Precursor was put into the Al pipe, and rotating tool was pressed into the precursor. Then, bonding Al precursor to Al pipe can be conducted. Porous core pipe with metal bonding was successfully fabricated by heating the precursor. By using X-ray CT, pore structures of porous Al was observed.
Data from Circulating Biomarkers and Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Metastatic Breast Cancers: Correlative Results from AZD9496 Oral SERD Phase I Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Common resistance mechanisms to endocrine therapy (ET) in estrogen receptor (ER)–positive metastatic breast cancers include, among others, ER loss and acquired activating mutations in the ligand-binding domain of the ER gene (&lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;sub&gt;LBD&lt;/sub&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;). &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;/i&gt; mutational mediated resistance may be overcome by selective ER degraders (SERD). During the first-in-human study of oral SERD AZD9496, early changes in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) were explored as potential noninvasive tools, alongside paired tumor biopsies, to assess pharmacodynamics and early efficacy.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;CTC were enumerated/phenotyped for ER and Ki67 using CellSearch in serial blood draws. ctDNA was assessed for the most common &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;sub&gt;LBD&lt;/sub&gt;m&lt;/i&gt; by droplet digital PCR (BioRad).&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Before starting AZD9496, 11 of 43 (25%) patients had ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL whole blood (WB), none of whom underwent reduction to &lt;5 CTC/7.5 mL WB on C1D15. Five of 11 patients had baseline CTC-ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, two of whom had CTC-ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; reduction. CTC-Ki67 status did not change appreciably. Patients with ≥5 CTC/7.5 mL WB before treatment had worse progression-free survival (PFS) than patients with &lt;5 CTC (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0003). Fourteen of 45 (31%) patients had &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;sub&gt;LBD&lt;/sub&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ctDNA at baseline, five of whom had ≥2 unique mutations. Baseline &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;sub&gt;LBD&lt;/sub&gt;m&lt;/i&gt; status was not prognostic. Patients with persistently elevated CTC and/or &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;sub&gt;LBD&lt;/sub&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ctDNA at C1D15 had worse PFS than patients who did not (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0007).&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Elevated CTC at baseline was a strong prognostic factor in this cohort. Early on-treatment changes were observed in CTC-ER&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ESR1&lt;sub&gt;LBD&lt;/sub&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ctDNA, but not in overall CTC number. Integrating multiple biomarkers in prospective trials may improve outcome prediction and ET resistance mechanisms' identification over a single biomarker.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Figure 2 from Systematic Kinome shRNA Screening Identifies CDK11 (PITSLRE) Kinase Expression Is Critical for Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Proliferation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 38K, Dose-dependent effect of siRNA targeting CDK11 in osteosarcoma cell lines KHOS and U-2OS.&lt;/p&gt;
Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen to Ammonia by Molybdenum (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Some Characteristics of Triamidoamine Complexes Possible [HIPTN3N]Mo Intermediates in a Catalytic Reduction of Molecular Nitrogen Interconversion of Mo(NH3) and Mo(N2) Catalytic Reduction of Dinitrogen MoH and Mo(H2) Ligand and Metal Variations Comments Acknowledgements References
Natural Killer Cells for the Treatment of Malignancies* (2006)

For years activated natural killer (A-NK) cells have been explored with respect to their efficacy in anticancer therapy,but except for some anecdotal reports no clear clinical benefit has been shown. However, as the understanding about the interactions of NK cells and tumor cells advance,the use of A-NK cells might be revisited with more sophisticated approaches. The recent discovery of specific receptors on NK cells that interact with HLA molecules on target cells but also the discovery of specific activating receptors have allowed NK cells to step out of the shadow of T cells to be considered for cellular therapy of malignant diseases. NK cells are a subgroup of lymphoid cells that provide one of the first lines of defense against virus-infected and tumor cells. For clinical use NK cells have to be enriched to deplete contaminating T lymphocytes which is especially important in allogeneic NK cell infusion. Recently attention has been drawn to the clonal NK cell line NK-92, which appears as an attractive alternative for the adoptive immunotherapy of malignancies. NK-92 exhibits high cytotoxicity towards a broad range of tumors, which can be further extended by the recombinant expression of chimeric antigen receptors. This review summarizes the key features of primary and clonal NK cells and their potential use in adoptive immunotherapy of malignancies.
W-band microstrip reflectarray with double-cross element for bandwidth improvement (2015)

A broadband microstrip reflectarray is designed with the proposed element at W-band. The element consists of two cross-shaped resonators. Based on the analysis on the resonance mechanism of the double-cross element, the reflection phase of the element is controlled to achieve broadband characteristics by adjusting the dimensions of the element. Using the proposed element, a reflectarray with diameter of 50 mm is designed at f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> = 95 GHz. At f = f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , the peak gain of 31.73 dBi is achieved with aperture efficiency of 66.1%. Also, 1-dB gain bandwidth of 15.9% is achieved at W-band.
T-AutoML: Automated Machine Learning for Lesion Segmentation using Transformers in 3D Medical Imaging (2021)

Lesion segmentation in medical imaging has been an important topic in clinical research. Researchers have proposed various detection and segmentation algorithms to address this task. Recently, deep learning-based approaches have significantly improved the performance over conventional methods. However, most state-of-the-art deep learning methods require the manual design of multiple network components and training strategies. In this paper, we propose a new automated machine learning algorithm, T-AutoML, which not only searches for the best neural architecture, but also finds the best combination of hyper-parameters and data augmentation strategies simultaneously. The proposed method utilizes the modern transformer model, which is introduced to adapt to the dynamic length of the search space embedding and can significantly improve the ability of the search. We validate T-AutoML on several large-scale public lesion segmentation data-sets and achieve state-of-the-art performance.
An Integrated Multidisciplinary Nanoscience Concentration Certificate Program for STEM Education (2013)

Integration of nanoscience and nanotechnology curricula into the College of Science, Mathematics, and Technology (CSMT) at the University of Texas at Brownsville (UTB) is reported. The rationale for the established multidisciplinary Nanoscience Concentration Certificate Program (NCCP) is to: (i) develop nanotechnology-relevant courses within a comprehensive Science, Engineering and Technology curriculum, and, to offer students an opportunity to graduate with a certificate in nanoscience and nanotechnology; (ii) to contribute to students' success in achieving student outcomes across all college's majors, and, improve the breath, depth and quality of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) graduates' education; (iii) through NCCP, recruit certificate- and associate-degree seeking students into four year programs in engineering and physical sciences. A long-term goal is to develop an ABET accredited bachelor program in nanoscience. This program is expected to reach out to a large group of undergraduate students in a coordinated manner, enhance students' knowledge and skills, as well as facilitate efforts of individual faculty members in STEM education. The UTB NCCP is supported by the NSF NUE program, under which we are developing and offering seven upper-level interdisciplinary undergraduate courses. These courses and program are assessed and evaluated.
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Preclinical Trial and Molecularly Annotated Patient Cohort Identify Predictive Biomarkers in Homologous Recombination–deficient Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3 shows the histological analysis of the xenografts evaluated in the preclinical trial&lt;/p&gt;
Thigh muscle atrophy after femoral shortening (1992)

We determined the effect of a shortening/lengthening osteotomy on muscle fiber cross-sectional area in the vastus intermedius in 14 rats. The left femur was shortened 5 mm in half of the rats and elongated 5 mm in the other half. In both groups, the right femur was osteotomized and stabilized without shortening/lengthening. After 3 months, open biopsy specimens of the vastus intermedius were taken for measurements of the muscle cross-sectional area in both Type 1 and Type 2 fibers; 150 fibers were measured in each specimen. In the shortened group, the cross-section was reduced in both types of fibers. After lengthening, no differences in the fiber cross-sectional area were found. We conclude that differences in stretch and tension of the muscles are responsible for the atrophy after femoral shortening and the maintenance of the fiber cross-sectional area after lengthening.
ChemInform Abstract: Deciding Whether to Go with the Flow: Evaluating the Merits of Flow Reactors for Synthesis (2011)

Abstract Review: 184 refs.
Modular Type III Porous Liquids Based on Porous Organic Cage Microparticles (2021)

Abstract The dispersion of particulate porous solids in size‐excluded liquids has emerged as a method to create Type III porous liquids, mostly using insoluble microporous materials such as metal–organic frameworks and zeolites. Here, the first examples of Type III porous liquids based on porous organic cages (POCs) are presented. By exploiting the solution processability of the POCs, racemic and quasiracemic cage microparticles are formed by chiral recognition. Dispersion of these porous microparticles in a range of size‐excluded liquids, including oils and ionic liquids, forms stable POC‐based Type III porous liquids. The flexible pairing between the solid POC particles and a carrier liquid allows the formation of a range of compositions, pore sizes, and other physicochemical properties to suit different applications and operating conditions. For example, it is shown that porous liquids with relatively low viscosities or high thermal stability can be produced. A 12.5 wt% Type III porous liquid comprising racemic POC microparticles and an ionic liquid, [BPy][NTf 2 ], shows a CO 2 working capacity (104.30 µmol g L −1 ) that is significantly higher than the neat ionic liquid (37.27 µmol g L −1 ) between 25 and 100 °C. This liquid is colloidally stable and can be recycled at least ten times without loss of CO 2 capacity.
Abnormal intracellular sorting of O-linked carbohydrate-deficient interleukin-2 receptors. (1988)

The synthesis and intracellular sorting of the interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor were studied with a line of mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells with a reversible defect in protein O glycosylation. Under normal culture conditions the mutant ldlD cannot add N-acetylgalactosamine (Ga1NAc) to proteins. Ga1NAc is the first sugar of mucin-type O-linked oligosaccharides attached to protein. This O-glycosylation defect is rapidly corrected when Ga1NAc is added to the culture mediu. An expression vector for the p55 human IL-2 receptor was transfected into wild-type CHO and ldlD cells and the structure, stability, and cell surface expression of the receptor were examined by immunoprecipitation and antibody-binding assays. Essentially all of the mature form of the normally glycosylated IL-2 receptor in both wild-type CHO cells and ldlD cells incubated with Ga1NAc was expressed on the cell surface. The stability of O-linked carbohydrate-deficient (Od) IL-2 receptors (in ldlD cells without Ga1NAc) was normal; however, missorting of the Od receptors resulted in very little cell surface expression. The sialidase sensitivity and endoglycosidase H resistance of mature Od IL-2 receptors suggest that Od receptor missorting occurred in or beyond the trans Golgi apparatus. The abnormal sorting of the Od IL-2 receptor is compared with the O-glycosylation dependence of the surface expression and stability of the low-density lipoprotein receptor, decay-accelerating factor, and the major antigen envelope protein of Epstein-Barr virus.
A drug candidate for Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s disease, PBT2, can be repurposed to render Neisseria gonorrhoeae susceptible to natural cationic antimicrobial peptides (2021)

Here we show that PBT2, a candidate Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease drug, can be repurposed to render MDR N. gonorrhoeae more susceptible to the endogenous antimicrobial peptides LL-37 and PG-1. In the presence of LL-37, PBT2/zinc can synergize with tetracycline to restore tetracycline susceptibility to gonococci resistant to this antibiotic.
Normal pressure hydrocephalus: An analysis of aetiology and response to shunting based on mathematical modeling (1995)

The dynamics which maintain the state of enlarged cerebral ventricles and normal intracranial pressures (normal pressure hydrocephalus) are not completely understood, making the response to cerebrospinal fluid diversion difficult to predict. Using our previously described mathematical model of intracranial physiology which allows nonlinear relationships of pressure, volume, and flow in 7 distinct compartments, we desired to determine factors which could be responsible for the development and maintenance of the steady state of normal pressure hydrocephalus. Using typical starting values for CSF volume, pressure, and flow, the model indicates that this condition cannot be sustained, in spite of high CSF outflow resistance, unless capillary flow resistance is elevated. This condition can be the result of arterial hypertension. The additional modeling of a CSF diversion device demonstrates predicted time courses for ventricular size reduction which are consistent with clinical observations. We conclude that certain vascular conditions may allow for the maintenance of an enlarged ventricular size, and that mathematical modeling can assist in identifying factors for clinical study that may maintain normal pressure hydrocephalus even after treatment by CSF diversion.