gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biology and karyology of murine leukemia L1210 xenografted to the hamster. (1972)

Murine leukemia L1210 has been serially propagated in the cheek pouches of unconditioned, adult golden hamsters for 5 years. This hamster-adapted tumor cell line, called “L1210/Mes.,” disseminates and metastasizes from the cheek pouch to other organs of the hamster, as is documented by morphological, transplantation, and karyological data.

Due to this unusual behavior of a tumor in a xenogeneic host, a detailed analysis of L1210/Mes.'s chromosome constitution was undertaken. L1210/Mes. has a tetraploid modal chromosome number, the chromosomes of which resemble, although in increased quantity, those of the original L1210 lymphoma of the mouse. However, a new marker chromosome, a long, biarmed dicentric, appeared in 8.6% of the L1210/Mes. cells examined. L1210/Mes. is capable of back-transfer in BDF1 mice, where a gradual shift in stemline towards that of the original mouse cell population was observed.

This study supports the view that a xenogeneic tumor can metastasize in a foreign host while retaining its original chromosomes, although in increased number. It appears that the progression of a tumor in an alien host involves changes in the tumor genome probably related to host-tumor interactions.
Model-independent confirmation of theZ(4430)−state (2015)

The decay B0→ψ(2S)K+π- is analyzed using 3 fb-1 of pp collision data collected with the LHCb detector. A model-independent description of the ψ(2S)π mass spectrum is obtained, using as input the Kπ mass spectrum and angular distribution derived directly from data, without requiring a theoretical description of resonance shapes or their interference. The hypothesis that the ψ(2S)π mass spectrum can be described in terms of Kπ reflections alone is rejected with more than 8σ significance. This provides confirmation, in a model-independent way, of the need for an additional resonant component in the mass region of the Z(4430)- exotic state.
Characterization and analysis of a pulse forming network based 11 stage Marx system for a high power microwave, plasma and beam physics test stand (2014)

Summary form only given. The University of New Mexico Electrical and Computer Engineering Department is developing advanced high power microwave sources and charged particle beam accelerators and pulsed power capabilities. This paper presents the characterization, analysis, implementation and modification of a high power Marx coupled to a low impedance charged particle beam accelerator. The 11 stage Marx is a bipolarity charged 100 kV device and each stage is comprised of the main capacitor and switch as well as an LCR based pulse forming line and a fast rise time peaking switch. A numerical model of the device has been created that includes the pulse forming network and is compared to experiments at various charging voltages. A configuration as well as experimental data for unipolar charging will also be presented. A variable load impedance has been designed that allows for output characterization of the Marx driving different impedances. To match the driver to a low impedance device and conical transmission line has been designed and numerical as well as experimental results of this are also presented. The initial triggering scheme called for electrical high voltage triggering of the first three stages but a design of a laser trigger based on 800 nm laser burst impinging on one of the electrode and its implementation will also be presented along with jitter measurements.
Developing standardized methods for breeding preharvest sprouting resistant wheat, challenges and successes in Canadian wheat (2012)

Preharvest sprouting (PHS) in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var durum) causes significant economic losses due to a reduction in grain yield, grain functionality and viability of seed for planting. Average annual estimated losses in Canada are about $100 million. Genetic resistance to PHS reduces these losses. Development of PHS resistant cultivars is complicated by the effects of factors under genetic control, such as spike morphology, seed dormancy, environment, and kernel diseases. Resistance to PHS has been a breeding priority since the late 1960s. Development of RL4137, which is the primary source of PHS resistance in the Canada Western Red Spring market class, has led to cultivar improvements. A white-seeded derivative of RL4137 is the primary source of PHS in the Canada Prairie Spring White and Canada Western Hard White Spring wheat market classes. Procedures to select for PHS resistance vary among breeding programs, market classes and by degree of inbreeding. Methods include artificial sprouting of intact spikes, germination tests, natural weathering in field trials, artificial weathering trials, and indirect assessment of sprouting by measuring Hagberg falling number. Although many genetic loci have been attributed to preharvest sprouting resistance, application of molecular markers is currently limited due to the complex inheritance of the trait. In Canada, cultivars are characterized for their relative level of PHS resistance and the information is made available to producers.
Preliminary evaluation of line-edge roughness metrology based on CD-SAXS (2004)

Line edge roughness (LER) remains a predominant measure of pattern quality used to evaluate processing parameters throughout the many steps of fabricating microelectronics. In the effort to minimize LER, a critical component is a metrology capable of rapid and non-destructive characterization of fluctuations in the position of the pattern, or line, edge. Previously, we have demonstrated a non-destructive metrology capable of sub-nm precision in the measurement of pitch and linewidth termed Critical Dimension Small Angle X-ray Scattering (CD-SAXS). Here, we explore the capability of CD-SAXS to measure line edge fluctuations using the diffuse scattering from diffraction peaks. Models of varying forms of line edge roughness are used to explore the effects of different types of line edge roughness on CD-SAXS results. It is found that the frequency and the degree of correlation of the roughness between patterns greatly influences the scattering pattern predicted. Model predictions are then compared to CD-SAXS results from a photoresist grating.
Putting It All Together: Methods for Combining Neural Networks (1993)

The past several years have seen a tremendous growth in the complexity of the recognition, estimation and control tasks expected of neural networks. In solving these tasks, one is faced with a large variety of learning algorithms and a vast selection of possible network architectures. After all the training, how does one know which is the best network? This decision is further complicated by the fact that standard techniques can be severely limited by problems such as over-fitting, data sparsity and local optima. The usual solution to these problems is a winner-take-all cross-validatory model selection. However, recent experimental and theoretical work indicates that we can improve performance by considering methods for combining neural networks. This workshop examined current neural network optimization methods based on combining estimates and task decomposition, including Boosting, Competing Ex-
Velocities of First and Zero Sound in Quartz (1970)

The temperature dependence of the velocity of sound in $X$-cut and $\mathrm{BC}$-cut natural quartz crystals has been measured in the range 4 to 75 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. Measurements were made at frequencies of 35, 100, and 1000 MHz. By assuming that at these frequencies the velocity is frequency independent at 4 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, these results can be used to obtain the frequency dependence of the velocity at higher temperatures. At temperatures below 20 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, or above about 65 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, there is no velocity dispersion in the frequency range studied, to within the experimental uncertainty. In the temperature range between 20 and about 65 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, the velocity is greater at 1000 MHz than at the lower frequencies, both for the $X$-cut and the $\mathrm{BC}$-cut crystals. These results are compared with theories of velocity dispersion due to interaction with thermal phonons, and qualitative agreement is obtained.
Derivation of a screening tool to identify patients with right ventricular dysfunction or tricuspid regurgitation after negative computerized tomographic pulmonary angiography of the chest (2015)

AbstractMany dyspneic patients who undergo computerized tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for presumed acute pulmonary embolism (PE) have no identified cause for their dyspnea yet have persistent symptoms, leading to more CTPA scanning. Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction or overload can signal treatable causes of dyspnea. We report the rate of isolated RV dysfunction or overload after negative CTPA and derive a clinical decision rule (CDR). We performed secondary analysis of a multicenter study of diagnostic accuracy for PE. Inclusion required persistent dyspnea and no PE. Echocardiography was ordered at clinician discretion. A characterization of isolated RV dysfunction or overload required normal left ventricular function and RV hypokinesis, or estimated RV systolic pressure of at least 40 mmHg. The CDR was derived from bivariate analysis of 97 candidate variables, followed by multivariate logistic regression. Of 647 patients, 431 had no PE and persistent dyspnea, and 184 (43%) of these 431 had e...
Oxidation of methyl p-tolyl sulfide with bakers' yeast: preparation of a synthon of the mevinic acid-type hypocholestemic agents (1995)

Bakers' yeast oxidized methyl p-tolyl sulfide to produce the R-sulfoxide 1 in good yield and high enantiomeric excess; the sulfoxide 1 was used to prepare (4R,6S)-tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-6-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran-2-one 15.
Synthesis of compounds active against HIV. Part 2. Preparation of some 2′,3′-dideoxy-6′-fluorocarbocyclic nucleosides (1990)

D. M. Coe, P. L. Myers, D. M. Parry, S. M. Roberts and R. Storerb, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 151 DOI: 10.1039/C39900000151
Fairness-Aware Machine Learning: Practical Challenges and Lessons Learned (2019)

Researchers and practitioners from different disciplines have highlighted the ethical and legal challenges posed by the use of machine learned models and data-driven systems, and the potential for such systems to discriminate against certain population groups, due to biases in algorithmic decision-making systems. This tutorial aims to present an overview of algorithmic bias / discrimination issues observed over the last few years and the lessons learned, key regulations and laws, and evolution of techniques for achieving fairness in machine learning systems. We will motivate the need for adopting a “fairness-first” approach (as opposed to viewing algorithmic bias / fairness considerations as an afterthought), when developing machine learning based models and systems for different consumer and enterprise applications. Then, we will focus on the application of fairness-aware machine learning techniques in practice, by highlighting industry best practices and case studies from different technology companies. Based on our experiences in industry, we will identify open problems and research challenges for the data mining / machine learning community.
ChemInform Abstract: The Asymmetric Baylis—Hillman Reaction. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Systems and methods for electrodepositing manganese oxide with improved rate capabilities for electrical energy storage (2023)

Systems and methods that facilitate enhancing the energy storage capabilities of MnO2 in nanowire energy storage devices such as nanowire-based capacitors or batteries.
Myeloid dendritic cells isolated from tissues of SIV-infected Rhesus macaques promote the induction of regulatory T cells (2011)

Tissue mDCs from SIV-infected animals exhibit an enhanced capability to induce Treg and may contribute to the accumulation of Treg in lymphoid tissues during progressive infection. The activation status of dendritic cell impacts this process but the capacity to induce Treg was not restricted to mucosal dendritic cells in infected animals.
Is the regulation of SIRT1 by miRNA-34a the key to mesenchymal stem cell survival? (2016)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being used clinically to treat cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease (1,2).
Total Synthesis of (R,R,R)‐α‐Tocopherol Through Asymmetric Cu‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition (2014)

By introducing a disposable activating substituent at C-3, the asymmetric 1,4-addition to a notoriously unreactive 2-substituted chromenone was achieved with high levels of (2R)-stereoselectivity in the presence of a chiral Cu(I)-phosphoramidite complex as a catalyst. This paved the way for an efficient and conceptually novel synthesis of (R,R,R)-α-tocopherol from readily available starting materials.
Data replication strategies in grid environments (2003)

Data grids provide geographically distributed resources for large-scale data-intensive applications that generate large data sets. However, ensuring efficient and fast access to such huge and widely distributed data is hindered by the high latencies of the Internet. To address these problems we introduce a set of replication management services and protocols that offer high data availability, low bandwidth consumption, increased fault tolerance, and improved scalability of the overall system. Replication decisions are made based on a cost model that evaluates data access costs and performance gains of creating each replica. The estimation of costs and gains is based on factors such as run-time accumulated read/write statistics, response time, bandwidth, and replica size. To address scalability, replicas are organized in a combination of hierarchical and flat topologies that represent propagation graphs that minimize inter-replica communication costs. To evaluate our model we use the network simulator NS to study the impact of replication. Our results prove that replication improves the performance of data access on the data grid, and that the gain increases with the size of data used.
Electron beam metrology for advanced technology nodes (2019)

Abstract The critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) is one of the main tools used to estimate critical dimension (CD) in semiconductor manufacturing nowadays, but, as all metrology tools, it will face considerable challenges to keep up with the requirements of the future technology nodes. The root causes of these challenges are not uniquely related to the shrinking CD values, as one might expect, but to the increase in complexity of the devices in of morphology and chemical composition as well. In fact, complicated three-dimensional device architectures, high aspect ratio features, and wide variety of materials are some of the unavoidable characteristics of the future metrology nodes. In this paper, we report on the development of advanced CD-SEM metrology at imec on a variety of device platforms and processes, for both logics and memories. The large variety of results reported here a clear indication of the on-going creative effort needed to ensure that the critical potential of CD-SEM metrology tools is fully enabled for the 5 nm node and beyond.
Electron and photon energy calibration with the ATLAS detector using LHC Run 1 data (2014)

This paper presents the electron and photon energy calibration achieved with the ATLAS detector using about 25 fb -1 of LHC proton-proton collision data taken at centre-of-mass energies of s = 7 and 8 TeV. The reconstruction of electron and photon energies is optimised using multivariate algorithms. The response of the calorimeter layers is equalised in data and simulation, and the longitudinal profile of the electromagnetic showers is exploited to estimate the passive material in front of the calorimeter and reoptimise the detector simulation. After all corrections, the Z resonance is used to set the absolute energy scale. For electrons from Z decays, the achieved calibration is typically accurate to 0.05 % in most of the detector acceptance, rising to 0.2 % in regions with large amounts of passive material. The remaining inaccuracy is less than 0.2-1 % for electrons with a transverse energy of 10 GeV, and is on average 0.3 % for photons. The detector resolution is determined with a relative inaccuracy of less than 10 % for electrons and photons up to 60 GeV transverse energy, rising to 40 % for transverse energies above 500 GeV.
A tapestry of identity-based encryption: practical frameworks compared (2008)

This paper surveys the practical benefits and drawbacks of several identity-based encryption schemes based on bilinear pairings. After providing some background on identity-based cryptography, we classify the known constructions into a handful of general approaches. We then describe efficient and fully secure IBE and IBKEM instantiations of each approach, with reducibility to practice as the main design parameter. Finally, we catalogue the strengths and weaknesses of each construction according to a few theoretical and many applied comparison criteria.
Immersion lithography extension to sub-10nm nodes with multiple patterning (2014)

This paper investigates the possibility of 193 nm immersion lithography extensions to sub-10 nm technology nodes using the patterning scheme of unidirectional (1D) grating lines and cuttings. Technological feasibility down to 5 nm nodes is examined with experimental data of self-aligned multiple patterning method (SAxP) and Litho-Etch (LE) cuttings. For the cutting by LE repetition, relationship between node definition and the repetition number n (LE^n) is discussed. Cost is evaluated for SADP, SAQP and SAOP to generate unidirectional grating formation, and the following LE^n cutting process. Finally, schemes of gridded cutting and trim are introduced, and found to be advantageous to keep the scaling merit of transistor cost at 7 and 5 nm technology nodes.
Ultrasonic Sensing and Life Prediction for the DARPA Structural Integrity Prognosis System (2007)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jennifer E. Michaels, Thomas E. Michaels, Adam C. Cobb, Gregory J. Kacprzynski; Ultrasonic Sensing and Life Prediction for the DARPA Structural Integrity Prognosis System. AIP Conf. Proc. 21 March 2007; 894 (1): 1453–1460. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2718137 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Hybrid nanodiamond and titanium dioxide nanobeam cavity design (2017)

Titanium dioxide is an emerging optical material, with a relatively high refractive index (n ∼ 2), which allows for high confinement of the electromagnetic field. Extensive research has been conducted on the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centre in diamond due to its robust electronic and optical properties. In particular, its stable room-temperature photoluminescence properties have been considered for quantum optical applications. Nanobeam cavities are a geometry that offer exceptionally large-Q values given their minimal footprint, a must for high density and compact optical architecture. This paper presents an ultrahigh-Q nanobeam cavity within titanium dioxide in a low-refractive index environment operating at the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centre of diamond. This research opens the possibility of hybrid optical devices utilising titanium dioxide and diamond.
Multi-Objective Optimization to Improve Both Thermal and Device Performance of a Nonuniformly Powered Micro-Architecture (2010)

Integration of different functional components such as level two (L2) cache memory, high-speed I/O interfaces, and memory controller has enhanced microprocessor performance. In this architecture, certain functional units on the microprocessor dissipate a significant fraction of the total power while other functional units dissipate little or no power. This highly nonuniform power distribution results in a large temperature gradient with localized hot spots that may have detrimental effects on computer performance, product reliability, and yield. Moving the functional units may reduce the junction temperature but can affect performance by a factor as much as 30%. In this paper, a multi-objective optimization is performed to minimize the junction temperature without significantly altering the computer performance. The analysis was performed for 90 nm Pentium IV Northwood architecture operating at 3 GHz clock speed. Each functional unit on the die has a specific role, so functional units with similar roles were grouped together. Thus, the actual Pentium IV die was divided into four groups (front end, execution cores, bus and L2, and out-of-order engine). Repositioning constraints were determined using circuit delay models of major functional units in a micro-architectural simulator. Thus, depending on the scenario, relocating functional units can result in virtually no performance loss (less than 2% is assumed to be minimal and is reported as 0%) to as much as 30% performance loss. From the results, the minimum and the maximum temperatures were 56.6°C and 62.2°C. This ΔT corresponds to thermal design power of 60.2 W. For microprocessors with higher thermal design power (115 W) and operating at higher clock speed, higher ΔT can be realized. Based on this paper’s analysis, the optimized scenario resulted in a junction temperature of 56.6°C at the cost of a 14% performance loss.
Upadacitinib monotherapy versus methotrexate monotherapy in methotrexate-naïve Japanese patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a sub-analysis of the Phase 3 SELECT-EARLY study (2020)

Similar to the global study population, upadacitinib demonstrated clinical efficacy superior to placebo in the Japanese subpopulation. Among upadacitinib-treated patients, herpes zoster was least common with 7.5 mg.