gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seeking the Light in Intensive Care Unit Sedation: The Optimal Sedation Strategy for Critically Ill Patients (2022)

The clinical approach to sedation in critically ill patients has changed dramatically over the last two decades, moving to a regimen of light or non-sedation associated with adequate analgesia to guarantee the patient's comfort, active interaction with the environment and family, and early mobilization and assessment of delirium. Although deep sedation (DS) may still be necessary for certain clinical scenarios, it should be limited to strict indications, such as mechanically ventilated patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), status epilepticus, intracranial hypertension, or those requiring target temperature management. DS, if not indicated, is associated with prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and ICU stay, and increased mortality. Therefore, continuous monitoring of the level of sedation, especially when associated with the raw EEG data, is important to avoid unnecessary oversedation and to convert a DS strategy to light sedation as soon as possible. The approach to the management of critically ill patients is multidimensional, so targeted sedation should be considered in the context of the ABCDEF bundle, a holistic patient approach. Sedation may interfere with early mobilization and family engagement and may have an impact on delirium assessment and risk. If adequately applied, the ABCDEF bundle allows for a patient-centered, multidimensional, and multi-professional ICU care model to be achieved, with a positive impact on appropriate sedation and patient comfort, along with other important determinants of long-term patient outcomes.
Proteomic Analysis of Barley Cell Nuclei Purified by Flow Sorting (2014)

Many proteins are present in the nucleus; some are involved with its structural and functional organization, some with gene expression, and some with cell division. The plant nuclear proteome has not been well explored. Its characterization requires extraction methods which minimize both the artifactual alteration of the proteins and the extent of contamination with non-nuclear proteins. The conventional multi-step fractionation procedure is both laborious and prone to contamination. Here, we describe a single-step method based on flow sorting. The method allows the separation of G1, S and G2 phase nuclei and minimizes the risk of contamination by non-nuclear proteins. Preliminary results obtained using G1 phase cell nuclei from barley root tips indicate that flow sorting coupled with a protein/peptide separation and mass spectrometry will permit a comprehensive characterization of the plant nuclear proteome.
Ubiquilin2 Mutations in Parkinson's Disease Extend the Spectrum of Ubiquilinopathies (IN2-1.004) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: We identified new ubiquilin2 mutations in PD patients. UbG76V-GFP and LC3-GFP reporters were used to test the impairment of protein degeneration pathways in the two novel PD-related ubiquilin2 mutations.
Dynamic Response of Thermally Bonded Bicomponent Fibre Nonwovens (2011)

Having a unique microstructure, nonwoven fabrics possess distinct mechanical properties, dissimilar to those of woven fabrics and composites. This paper aims to introduce a methodology for simulating a dynamic response of core/sheath-type thermally bonded bicomponent fibre nonwovens. The simulated nonwoven fabric is treated as an assembly of two regions with distinct mechanical properties. One region - the fibre matrix – is composed of non-uniformly oriented core/sheath fibres acting as link between bond points. Non-uniform orientation of individual fibres is introduced into the model in terms of the orientation distribution function in order to calculate the structure’s anisotropy. Another region – bond points – is treated in simulations as a deformable bicomponent composite material, composed of the sheath material as its matrix and the core material as reinforcing fibres with random orientations. Time-dependent anisotropic mechanical properties of these regions are assessed based on fibre characteristics and manufacturing parameters such as the planar density, core/sheath ratio, fibre diameter etc. Having distinct anisotropic mechanical properties for two regions, dynamic response of the fabric is modelled in the finite element software with shell elements with thicknesses identical to those of the bond points and fibre matrix.
Optimization of Shift Control Trajectories for Step Gear Automatic Transmissions (2016)

New generation of torque converter automatic transmissions (ATs) include a large number of gears for improved fuel economy and performance. Control requirements for such a transmission become more demanding, which calls for the development of new shift control optimization tools. A pseudospectral collocation method is used in the paper to optimize AT clutch and engine control trajectories for comfortable and efficient shifts. Since the optimization method requires a smooth formulation of plant model, the emphasized clutch model nonlinearity around the zero slip speed has been found to be a major difficulty to be resolved through proper modeling of the optimization problem. Therefore, different approaches of describing the friction behavior are considered and assessed, starting from simple static models, through dynamics models, toward torque-source approaches subject to the clutch passivity constraint. Apart from the conventional optimization approach based on minimizing the cost function (including the vehicle jerk and clutch energy loss terms), the so-called feasibility approach based on restricting the cost through an inequality constraint is considered, as well. The proposed optimization method has been verified on a characteristic example of 10-speed AT for both single- and double-transition shifts (DTSs). It has been found out that the clutch passivity constraint-based approach results in numerically most efficient optimizations for a wide range of shift tasks and scenarios.
Uniform Core–Shell Nanoparticles with Thiolated Hyaluronic Acid Coating to Enhance Oral Delivery of Insulin (2018)

Oral delivery of protein drugs is an attractive route of administration due to its convenience for repeated dosing and good patient compliance. However, currently oral protein therapeutics show very low bioavailability mainly due to the existence of hostile gastrointestinal (GI) environments, including mucus layers and intestinal epithelial barriers. Herein, using insulin as a model protein therapeutic, the core-shell nanoparticles with thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) coating (NP<sub>HA-SH</sub> ) are produced utilizing a two-step flash nanocomplexation process to enhance oral delivery efficiency of insulin. A positively charged nanoparticle core is first generated by electrostatic complexation between insulin and N-(2-hydroxypropyl)-3-trimethyl ammonium chloride modified chitosan (HTCC), followed by surface coating with HA-SH. The optimized NP<sub>HA-SH</sub> shows an average size of 100 nm with high encapsulation efficiency (91.1%) and loading capacity (38%). In vitro and ex vivo results confirm that NP<sub>HA-SH</sub> shows high mucus-penetration ability, improved intestinal retention and transepithelial transport property due to its thiolated surface and the ability of HA-SH coating to dissociate from the nanoparticle surface when across the mucosal layer. Oral administration of NP<sub>HA-SH</sub> to Type 1 diabetic rats yields high efficacy and an average relative bioavailability of 11.3%. These results demonstrate that the HA-SH coated core-shell nanoparticles are a promising oral delivery vehicle for protein therapeutics.
Facilitated transport of molecular oxygen in cobaltporphyrin/poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) membrane (1992)

Abstract The combination membrane of poly(1‐trimethylsilyl‐1‐propyne) with enormously high permeability and poly(vinylimidazole)‐bound porphinatocobalt with selective oxygenbinding ability was prepared. Oxygen transport through the membrane was facilitated in terms of oxygen transport via the latter domain as a fixed oxygen‐carrier, and this oxygen permeability maintained for a month.
Delayed-Release Phosphatidylcholine Is Effective for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: A Meta-Analysis (2021)

A 30% PC-containing lecithin in delayed intestinal release formulation improves clinical and endoscopic outcomes, histologic activity, and quality of life in patients with ulcerative colitis. For the patients, lack of adverse events is an important consideration.
Development of miniature LTCC filter for TV broadcasting band by using substrates of mixed dielectrics (2007)

Novel design opportunities for microstrip bandpass filters built by using layered substrates of mixed ceramic dielectrics having different permittivities are investigated on the example of a filter for UHF band. The possibilities to enhance and control the rejection band characteristics are demonstrated based on FDTD simulations and lumped element equivalent circuits. A miniature LTCC-filter of (3.6times2.8) mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> size is presented. Measurements of the filter prototypes fabricated by using the multilayer LTCC technology have confirmed the design principles with good agreement.
Antimelanogenic Efficacy of Melasolv (3,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamate Thymol Ester) in Melanocytes and Three-Dimensional Human Skin Equivalent (2017)

Our study showed that Melasolv clearly exerts a whitening effect on various melanocytes and human skin equivalent. These results suggest the possibility that Melasolv can be used as a depigmentary agent to treat pigmentary disorders as well as an active ingredient in cosmetics to increase whitening efficacy.
Composition- and Morphology-Dependent Corrosion Stability of Ruthenium Oxide Materials (2009)

Ruthenium oxide materials were evaluated as possible non-carbon-based supports for fuel cell catalysts. The effects of composition and morphology of ruthenium oxide materials on the conductivity and corrosion stability in the gas-diffusion electrode (GDE) configuration were thoroughly investigated. The compositions of the bulk and surface of three ruthenium oxide materials, along with the surface area and surface morphology, were compared. We have found that all tested ruthenium oxide powders exhibited higher corrosion stability compared to carbon. Full conversion of RuO(2).nH(2)O to the RuO(2) phase by postreduction in a hydrogen atmosphere leads to improved conductivity and corrosion stability.
A Method for Hand Kinematics Designers7 Billion Perfect Hands (2010)

In the past decade the design of kinematic models for hands has been addressed using several different approaches such as numerical optimization or direct measurement of human hands. However, once the mechanical and structural design constraints are included, no existing kinematic model of the hand fits the needs of the DLR Hand Arm System. The diversity of human hands reveals that the functional aspects are more important than the kinematics itself. In order to develop a suitable model for the hand arm system a more empirical method was developed. Based on an basic hand skeleton, that incorporates the structural constraints, incremental variations are performed to improve the parameters to fit the functional needs of the hand. The tests are derived from a set of common grasps as well as some tests performed by surgeons. To be able to rapidly appreciate the results simple cardboard prototypes are constructed. The resulting kinematics revealed to be a promising and suitable hand kinematics for the DLR Hand Arm System. The design is realized in hardware.
Multimodal single-cell/nucleus RNA-sequencing data analysis uncovers molecular networks between disease-associated microglia and astrocytes with implications for drug repurposing in Alzheimer’s disease (2020)

Abstract Systematic identification of molecular networks in disease relevant immune cells of the nervous system is critical for elucidating the underlying pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Two key immune cell types, disease-associated microglia (DAM) and disease-associated astrocytes (DAA), are biologically involved in AD pathobiology. Therefore, uncovering molecular determinants of DAM and DAA will enhance our understanding of AD biology, potentially identifying novel therapeutic targets for AD treatment. Here, we present an integrative, network-based methodology to uncover conserved molecular networks between DAM and DAA. Specifically, we leverage single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from both AD transgenic mouse models and AD patient brains, drug-target networks, metabolite-enzyme associations, and the human protein-protein interactome, along with large-scale patient data validation from the MarketScan Medicare Supplemental Database. We find that common and unique molecular network regulators between DAM (i.e, PAK1, MAPK14 , and SYK ) and DAA (i.e., NFKB1, FOS , and JUN ) are significantly enriched by multiple neuro-inflammatory pathways and well-known genetic variants (i.e., BIN1 ) from genome-wide association studies. Further network analysis reveal shared immune pathways between DAM and DAA, including Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, Th17 cell differentiation, and chemokine signaling. Furthermore, integrative metabolite-enzyme network analyses imply that fatty acids (i.e., elaidic acid) and amino acids (i.e., glutamate, serine, and phenylalanine) may trigger molecular alterations between DAM and DAA. Finally, we prioritize repurposed drug candidates for potential treatment of AD by agents that specifically reverse dysregulated gene expression of DAM or DAA, including an antithrombotic anticoagulant triflusal, a beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist salbutamol, and the steroid medications (fluticasone and mometasone). Individuals taking fluticasone (an approved anti-inflammatory and inhaled corticosteroid) displayed a significantly decreased incidence of AD (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.858, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.829-0.888, P &lt; 0.0001) in retrospective case-control validation. Furthermore, propensity score matching cohort studies also confirmed an association of mometasone with reduced incidence of AD in comparison to fluticasone (HR =0.921, 95% CI 0.862-0.984, P &lt; 0.0001).
Practical Aspects of Sensitivity in Online Experimentation with User Engagement Metrics (2015)

Online controlled experiments, e.g., A/B testing, is the state-of-the-art approach used by modern Internet companies to improve their services based on data-driven decisions. The most challenging problem is to define an appropriate online metric of user behavior, so-called Overall Evaluation Criterion (OEC), which is both interpretable and sensitive. A typical OEC consists of a key metric and an evaluation statistic. Sensitivity of an OEC to the treatment effect of an A/B test is measured by a statistical significance test. We introduce the notion of Overall Acceptance Criterion (OAC) that includes both the components of an OEC and a statistical significance test. While existing studies on A/B tests are mostly concentrated on the first component of an OAC, its key metric, we widely study the two latter ones by comparison of several statistics and several statistical tests with respect to user engagement metrics on hundreds of A/B experiments run on real users of Yandex. We discovered that the application of the state-of-the-art Student's t-tests to several main user engagement metrics may lead to an underestimation of the false-positive rate by an order of magnitude. We investigate both well-known and novel techniques to overcome this issue in practical settings. At last, we propose the entropy and the quantiles as novel OECs that reflect the diversity and extreme cases of user engagement.
Identification of a binding element for the cytoplasmic regulator FROUNT in the membrane-proximal C-terminal region of chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR5 (2013)

Chemokine receptors mediate the migration of leucocytes during inflammation. The cytoplasmic protein FROUNT binds to chemokine receptors CCR2 [chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 2] and CCR5, and amplifies chemotactic signals in leucocytes. Although the interaction between FROUNT and chemokine receptors is important for accurate chemotaxis, the interaction mechanism has not been elucidated. In the present study we identified a 16-amino-acid sequence responsible for high-affinity binding of FROUNT at the membrane-proximal C-terminal intracellular region of CCR2 (CCR2 Pro-C) by yeast two-hybrid analysis. Synthesized peptides corresponding to the CCR2 Pro-C sequence directly interacted with FROUNT in vitro. CCR2 Pro-C was predicted to form an amphipathic helix structure. Residues on the hydrophobic side are completely conserved among FROUNT-binding receptors, suggesting that the hydrophobic side is the responsible element for FROUNT binding. The L316T mutation to the hydrophobic side of the predicted helix decreased the affinity for FROUNT. Co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the CCR2 L316T mutation diminished the interaction between FROUNT and full-length CCR2 in cells. Furthermore, this mutation impaired the ability of the receptor to mediate chemotaxis. These findings provide the first description of the functional binding element in helix 8 of CCR2 for the cytosolic regulator FROUNT that mediates chemotactic signalling.
A Novel Flow Bioreactor for In Vitro Microvascularization (2010)

Although the importance of fluid flow for proper vascular development and function in vivo is well recognized, microvascular formation in response to flow has not been well evaluated in a three-dimensional (3D) environment in vitro. In this study, we developed a novel 3D in vitro perfusion system that allows direct investigation of the effects of shear stress on the development of microvasculature in vitro. This system utilizes a 3D collagen gel for suspension of vascular cells and mesenchymal stem cells, through which flow is directly perfused. We characterized the flow conditions and demonstrate the impact of flow on the development of microvasculature using a coculture of endothelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells. With the unique ability to apply bulk flow through the collagen gels, and to estimate shear stress within the constructs, this perfusion system provides a flexible platform for developing a controllable biomimetic environment that can be adapted for a variety of investigations of microvascularization.
Lumbar vertebrae fracture injury risk in finite element reconstruction of CIREN and NASS frontal motor vehicle crashes (2016)

In conclusion, precrash positioning has a large effect on lumbar injury metrics. The lack of lumbar injury criteria in regulatory crash tests may have led to inadvertent design of seat pans that work to apply axial force to the spinal column during frontal crashes.
Caspases 3 and 7: Key Mediators of Mitochondrial Events of Apoptosis (2006)

The structural effect of H4-K16Ac may di-rectly contribute to regions of decondensed chro-matin in eukaryotic orga nisms. In budding yeast,over 80% of H4 is acetyla ted at lysine 16, andmost of the genome exists in a decondensed state(3, 21). Likewise, evidence suggests that the tran-scriptionally enhanced X chromosome of maleflies, a site of ubiquitous H4-K16Ac, is decon-densed (22). Such decondensation of chromatinmay contribute to the establishment of transcrip-tionally active euchromatic regions. In vitro tran-scription studies suggest that the adoption ofhigher order chromatin structure reduces genetranscription (23). In contrast, acetylation ofH4-K16 increases gene transcription both in vitroandinvivo(24), and the decompaction resultingfrom such modification may increase the acces-sibility of factors that promote transcription.Do other histone marks regulate chroma-tin folding? The phosphorylation of H3-S10(S, serine) does not disrupt chromatin folding(25), and triacetylation of the H3 tail by Gcn5pdoes not disrupt chromatin compaction (26).Similarly, residues 1 to 13 of histone H4 thatinclude three sites of acetylation are dispens-able for folding of 601-177-12 arrays (9). Thus,H4-K16 is likely to be a unique acetylation siteof histone tails, which function as a dual switchfor higher order chromatin structure andprotein-histone interactions, promoting chroma-tin function in a mutually reinforcing manner.
Somatostatin receptors in GtoPdb v.2023.1 (2023)

Somatostatin (somatotropin release inhibiting factor) is an abundant neuropeptide, which acts on five subtypes of somatostatin receptor (SST1-SST5; nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Somatostatin Receptors [98]). Activation of these receptors produces a wide range of physiological effects throughout the body including the inhibition of secretion of many hormones. Endogenous ligands for these receptors are somatostatin-14 (SRIF-14) and somatostatin-28 (SRIF-28). cortistatin-14 has also been suggested to be an endogenous ligand for somatostatin receptors [61].
ChemInform Abstract: NMR Imaging of Solid Polymers: Strategies for Chemical‐Shift Selectivity (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Approximate Matching of Hand-Drawn Pictograms (1993)

We describe a new naming paradigm for pen-based computing which we call Pictographic Naming. Using our approach, traditional character-by-character handwriting recognition (HWX) is avoided. Instead, we use a combination of user interface conventions and approximate matching techniques. Since pictographic names incorporate pen-stroke data, they can never be reproduced exactly, so name lookup becomes a small-dictionary recognition problem. We give efficient algorithms for this problem, and show that we can accurately look up handwritten names in English and Japanese over a reasonably sized dictionary. 1 Introduction Pen-based computers are becoming more and more prevalent. Many users find that interacting with a computer using a pen is more familiar and less intimidating than using a keyboard. We believe that replacing a keyboard by a pen should cause a basic change in the philosophy of naming. Traditionally, a name is a short string of alphanumeric characters with the property that it ...