gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of plasma cell dyscrasias by antibody-mediated immunotherapy. (1999)

The use of serotherapy to treat patients with plasma cell dyscrasias (PCDs) has been sought by us and others. Candidate antigens that have been targeted or proposed for targeting in PCDs include the immunoglobulin idiotype, CD19, CD38, CD54, CD126, HM1.24, and Muc-1 core protein. Unfortunately, many of these antigens are not ideal for use in serotherapy since they are not selectively expressed, are either shed or secreted, or have not been fully characterized. Serotherapy with an anti-CD19 monoclonal antibody (B4) conjugated to a blocked ricin toxin had no significant activity in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Circulating CD20+ clonotypic B cells have been detected in the circulation of most MM and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) patients. Plasma cells from most WM patients express CD20, but most MM patient plasma cells either lack CD20 or express it weakly. In view of recent successes with anti-CD20-directed serotherapy in other B-cell malignancies, we initiated a phase II trial to study the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab (Rituxan; IDEC Pharmaceuticals, San Diego, CA, and Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA) in patients with MM. We describe two PCD patients (one with WM and one with MM) who responded to therapy. By flow cytometric analysis, CD20+ plasma cells and B cells present in the bone marrow and peripheral blood of a patient with MM disappeared with response to rituximab therapy. However, residual CD20- tumor cells remained in the bone marrow following rituximab therapy, and after 6 months this patient progressed with CD20- myeloma cells. As a potential strategy to overcome this limitation, we demonstrated that interferon-gamma at pharmacologically achievable levels induced CD20 expression on these CD20- plasma cells, consistent with our recent findings that interferon-gamma is a potent inducer of CD20 expression on MM patient plasma cells and B cells. We also characterize a response to rituximab with a decrease in paraprotein and resolution of anemia in a patient with WM whose response to rituximab is ongoing after 19+ months. This preliminary experience supports the potential use of serotherapy targeting CD20 in PCDs. Our studies further suggest that interferon-gamma may enhance CD20 expression on MM plasma cells, thereby increasing their susceptibility to anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody therapies.
Solid state rapid thermocycling (2023)

The rapid thermal cycling of a material is targeted. A solid state heat exchanger with a first well and second well is coupled to a power module. A thermoelectric element is coupled to the first well, the second well, and the power module, is configured to transfer thermal energy from the first well to the second well when current from the power module flows through the thermoelectric element in a first direction, and is configured to transfer thermal energy from the second well to the first well when current from the power module flows through the thermoelectric element in a second direction. A controller may be coupled to the thermoelectric elements, and may switch the direction of current flowing through the thermoelectric element in response to a determination by sensors coupled to the wells that the amount of thermal energy in the wells falls below or exceeds a pre-determined threshold.
Abstract C045: Outcomes of hormone-receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancers by race and tumor biologic features (2020)

Abstract Background: Black women have higher breast cancer mortality than white women, particularly within the hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+/HER2-) clinical subtype. Interactions between tumor biology and treatment factors are complex and racial disparities in early events (such as 5-year recurrence risk) are not well characterized. Methods: Using data from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study (Phase 3, 2008-2013), a large population-based study enrolling 50% black and 50% white women from 44 counties in North Carolina, we estimated associations between race and recurrence among non-metastatic HR+/HER2- tumors, overall and within subgroups defined by PAM50 Risk of Recurrence score (ROR-PT, calculated from subtype, proliferation level, and tumor size), PAM50 intrinsic subtype, and tumor grade. We also compared treatment patterns by race among HR+/HER2- patients with high-risk disease. Relative frequency differences (RFD), interpretable as the percentage difference between index and referent groups, were estimated using multivariable linear regression. Recurrence risk was estimated using survival curves standardized for age and stage and inverse probability-weighted Cox models. Results: Among 1,775 eligible women, black women had higher recurrence risk relative to white women (crude hazard ratio: 1.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.3, 2.5), which remained elevated after standardizing for age and clinical covariates (hazard ratio: 1.4, CI: 1.0, 1.9). In stratified analyses, racial disparities persisted among women with high ROR-PT score (5-year standardized recurrence risk 18.9% in black vs. 12.5% in white women) and in high grade patients (5-year standardized recurrence risk 16.6% in black vs. 12.0% in white women). Black women with high grade tumors were significantly less likely to initiate endocrine therapy (RFD: -8.4%, CI: -15.9, -1.0) and experienced treatment delay more often than white women (RFD: +10.4%, CI: 1.8, 19.0). Conclusions: Racial disparities in HR+/HER2- breast cancer recurrence persist within high-risk subgroups. Efforts to identify treatment inequities and other causes of variation in cancer treatment are critical to reducing outcome disparities. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: H. Shelton Earp, Andrew F Olshan, Lisa A Carey, Charles M Perou, Melissa A Troester, Halei C. Benefield, Katherine E Reeder-Hayes, Hazel B Nichols, Benjamin C Calhoun, Michael I Love, Xuezheng Sun, Erin L Kirk, Joseph Geradts, Katherine A Hoadley, Stephen R Cole. Outcomes of hormone-receptor positive, HER2-negative breast cancers by race and tumor biologic features [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2019 Sep 20-23; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl_2):Abstract nr C045.
From water-rich to oil-rich gelled non-toxic microemulsions (2021)

Gelled non-toxic microemulsions have great potential in transdermal drug delivery: the microemulsion provides an optimum solubilizing capacity for drugs and promotes drug permeation through the skin barrier, while the gel network provides mechanical stability. We have formulated such a gelled non-toxic microemulsion consisting of H2O - isopropyl myristate (IPM) - Plantacare 1200 UP (technical-grade alkyl polyglucoside with an average composition of C12G1.4) - 1,2-octanediol in the presence of the low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene-d-sorbitol (DBS) at an oil-to-water ratio of φ = 0.50. The study at hand aimed to develop gelled non-toxic microemulsions that can contain both oil- and water-soluble drugs and are either water- or oil-based, depending on the application. To accomplish this, we varied the oil-to-water ratio from being water-rich to oil-rich, i.e. 0.2 ≤ φ ≤ 0.8. Phase studies were carried out along the middle phase trajectory, and a suitable LMWG was identified for all φ-ratios. Electrical conductivity measurements showed that the structure can be tuned from water- to oil-continuous by adjusting the amount of 1,2-octanediol and φ-ratios. The existence of the gel network was visualized by freeze-fracture electron microscopy (FFEM) at three different φ-ratios. We found that all systems from φ = 0.35 to φ = 0.80 form strong gels with nearly the same rheological behavior, while the system with φ = 0.20 is a much weaker gel. We attribute this behavior on the one hand to the microemulsion microstructure and on the other hand to the solvent-dependent gelation properties of DBS, which can be described by the Hansen solubility parameters (HSPs).
Optomechanical design of multiscale gigapixel digital camera (2013)

Recent developments in multiscale imaging systems have opened up the possibility for commercially viable wide-field gigapixel cameras. While multiscale design principles allow tremendous simplification of the optical design, they place increased emphasis on optomechanics and system level integration of the camera as a whole. In this paper we present the optomechanical design of a prototype two-gigapixel system (AWARE-2) that has been constructed and tested.
[Defective autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) in gastric cancer patients]. (1990)

Autologous mixed lymphocyte reaction (AMLR) is an important reaction regulating the immune system in the various diseases. This is the first report investigating AMLR not only in peripheral blood but also in the spleen of gastric cancer patients. AMLR in the spleen of gastric cancer patients was significantly suppressed compared with that of peripheral blood of gastric cancer patients and patients without cancer. In investigation of AMLR composed of peripheral blood cells and spleen cells of gastric cancer patient, AMLR on splenic non-T cells as a stimulator was significantly suppressed compared with peripheral blood non-T cells as a stimulator. It suggests that abnormalities of non-T cells caused suppression of AMLR in the spleen of gastric cancer patients.
Tunable femtosecond high power mid-infrared laser pulses (2005)

We report a mid-infrared (MIR) optical pulse source (6-12 /spl mu/m), which is constructed by a regenerative amplifier and an OPA followed by a DFG unit. The maximum pulse energy at 6.8 /spl mu/m is near 4 /spl mu/J.
COX MODELS WITH NONLINEAR EFFECT OF COVARIATES MEASURED WITH ERROR: A CASE STUDY OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE INCIDENCE (2006)

We propose, develop and implement the simulation extrapolation (SIMEX) methodology for Cox regression models when the log hazard function is linear in the model parameters but nonlinear in the variables measured with error (LPNE). The class of LPNE functions contains but is not limited to strata indicators, splines, quadratic and interaction terms. The first order bias correction method proposed here has the advantage that it remains computationally feasible even when the number of observations is very large and multiple models need to be explored. Theoretical and simulation results show that the SIMEX method outperforms the naive method even with small amounts of measurement error. Our methodology was motivated by and applied to the study of time to chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression as a function of baseline kidney function and applied to the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC), a large epidemiological cohort study
TLS Extension for DANE Client Identity (1997)

This document specifies a TLS and DTLS extension to convey a DNS-
Based Authentication of Named Entities (DANE) Client Identity to a TLS
or DTLS server. This is useful for applications that perform TLS
client authentication via DANE TLSA records.
Uplink weight signaling for HSUPA closed loop transmit diversity (2012)

3GPP is investigating uplink transmit diversity alternatives for High Speed Uplink Packet Access. This paper studies closed loop beamforming transmit diversity where NodeB determines transmit antenna weight vectors and additional feedback is used for signaling the optimal weights to the user equipment. The used transmit antenna weights are signaled back to the NodeB in order to ensure correct decoding. This approach is benchmarked against the results where the used weights are not signaled back to the NodeB. Performance is analyzed in various conditions on system level against the performance without uplink weight signaling. The results show that signaling the used weights increases the performance over the case without uplink signaling especially with higher bit error rates. However, uplink weight signaling requires additional signaling bits which may not be justified if weight feedback bit error rates are expected to be low. Additionally when uplink weight signaling is used, even if the weight signaled in downlink were correctly received, signaling errors can happen in uplink which also will result in incorrect decoding at the NodeB.
Trial protocol 1 from Efficacy of Nivolumab in Pediatric Cancers with High Mutation Burden and Mismatch Repair Deficiency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Full trial protocol NCT02992964&lt;/p&gt;
3D Statistical Shape Models of Patella for Sex Classification (2006)

This paper proposes a new sex classification method from patellae using a novel automated feature extraction technique. A dataset of 228 patellae (95 females and 133 males) was collected and CT scanned. After the CT data was segmented, a set of features was automatically extracted, normalized, and ranked. These features include geometric features, moments, principal axes, and principal components. A feature vector of 45 dimensions for each subject was then constructed. A set of statistical and supervised neural network classification methods were used to classify the patellar feature vectors according to sex. Different classification methods were compared. Classification success ranged from 83.77% average classification rate with labeling using fuzzy C-means method (FCM), to 90.3% for linear discriminant function (LDF) analysis. We obtained results of 96.02% and 93.51% training and testing classification rates (respectively) using feedforward backpropagation neural networks (NN). These promising results encourage the usage of this method in forensic anthropology for identifying the sex from incomplete skeletons containing at least one patella.
Cyclophosphamide metabolism is affected by azole antifungals (2003)

We performed a randomized trial to compare the safety and efficacy of itraconazole with fluconazole in preventing fungal infections in patients undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Itraconazole (intravenous 200 mg daily, or oral solution 2.5 mg/kg 3 times daily) and fluconazole (intravenous or oral, 400 mg daily) were administered with the start of conditioning therapy, until at least 120 days after SCT. After enrollment of the first 197 patients, a data and safety monitoring board reviewed potential drug-related toxicities. Patients who received itraconazole developed higher serum bilirubin and creatinine values in the first 20 days after SCT, with highest values in patients who received itraconazole concurrent with cyclophosphamide (CY) conditioning. Analysis of CY metabolism in a subset of patients demonstrated higher exposure to toxic metabolites among recipients of itraconazole compared with fluconazole. These data suggest that azole antifungals, through differential inhibition of hepatic cytochrome P-450 isoenzymes, affect CY metabolism and conditioning-related toxicities.
Per-App Profiles with AppFork: The Security of Two Phones with the Convenience of One (2014)

Employers increasingly allow employees to use their personal smartphones for work, but also impose strict security policies (e.g., wiping the device after a series of failed logins), which on one hand protects the corporation’s data but on the other hand can affect a user’s privacy and control of her own data. To address these issues, recent proposals securely partition work and personal data by means of virtualization techniques. Yet, virtualization comes with limitations. First, unless heavily optimized, it has a significant overhead on resource-constrained phones. Second, it constrains all apps to be in the same partition at a time, while users like having a mix of work and personal apps running on the device simultaneously. To enable this functionality, we introduce a new point in the design space. We propose AppFork, an Android-based platform which allows users to switch a single app from one active profile (e.g., work) to another without switching the active profile of all other apps. AppFork still achieves the security of virtualization-based approaches, but with a smaller overhead. We built a tool for automatically identifying cross-profile channels in Android apps and applied it to 14,000 apps. Supported by this analysis, we craft the problem of cross-profile isolation for Android and implement our solution to it. AppFork can be used with existing unmodified apps. We evaluate it in depth with 24 Android apps. AppFork was able to successfully run all apps and provide two isolated user profiles within each app.
Genetic Engineering: Reporter Genes (2008)

Abstract Reporter genes are easily measured surrogates for a molecule of interest.
<title>Photoconductivity and charge-carrier photogeneration in photorefractive polymers</title> (2002)

We have studied photogeneration, transport, trapping and recombination as the governing mechanisms for the saturation field strength and the time response of the photorefractive (PR) effect in PVK-based PR materials, utilizing xerographic discharge and photoconductivity experiments. Both the charge carrier photogeneration efficiency and the photocurrent efficiency were found to be independent of chromophore content, suggesting that the chromophore does not participate in carrier generation and trapping. The photoconductivity gain factor G defined as the number of charge carriers measured in photoconductivity in relation to the number of carriers initially photogenerated as determined by the xerographic experiments is found to be much smaller than unity, which indicates that the mean free path of the photogenerated charge carriers is less than the grating period. Photoconductivity data can be explained over 3 orders of magnitude in field, assuming a field-independent trap density. Based on the photoelectric data, PR response times have been predicted by Yeh's model for the build-up of space or by calculating the time, which is necessary to fill all traps by photogenerated holes. Only the latter model can reasonably well explain the observed field dependence of the PR growth time, suggesting that trap-filling essentially controls the PR onset behavior.
Efficacy of moxidectin against cyathostomins after long‐term use in a large herd of draught horses with a high stocking density (2009)

This study was undertaken to determine whether resistance to moxidectin had developed in a large herd of draught horses, maintained on a small acreage, which had been routinely treated with moxidectin for five years. Faeces were collected for egg counts immediately before moxidectin gel was administered orally, and seven, 30, 60 and 90 days later. The faecal egg counts were significantly reduced at seven and 30 days after treatment, but were not significantly different from pretreatment counts at 60 and 90 days after treatment. There was no evidence of resistance having developed.
Six Arabidopsis thaliana homologues of the human respiratory burst oxidase (gp91phox) (1998)

An NADPH oxidase analogous to that in mammalian phagocytes has been hypothesized to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the plant defence response. A. thaliana contains at least six gp91phox homologues, designated AtrbohA-F (A. thaliana Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologues), which map to different positions. Transcripts of three of these genes can be detected in healthy plants by RNA gel blot analyses. The Atrboh gene products are closely related to gp91phox and the intron locations suggest a common evolutionary origin. A putative EF-hand Ca(2+)-binding motif in the extended N-terminal region of the Atrboh proteins suggests a direct regulatory effect of Ca2+ on the activity of the NADPH oxidase in plants.
Quantitative Characterization of the Microstructure and Transport Properties of Biopolymer Networks (2012)

Biopolymer networks are of fundamental importance to many biological processes in normal and tumorous tissues. In this paper, we employ the panoply of theoretical and simulation techniques developed for characterizing heterogeneous materials to quantify the microstructure and effective diffusive transport properties (diffusion coefficient $D_e$ and mean survival time $τ$) of collagen type I networks at various collagen concentrations. In particular, we compute the pore-size probability density function $P(δ)$ for the networks and present a variety of analytical estimates of the effective diffusion coefficient $D_e$ for finite-sized diffusing particles. The Hashin-Strikman upper bound on the effective diffusion coefficient $D_e$ and the pore-size lower bound on the mean survival time $τ$ are used as benchmarks to test our analytical approximations and numerical results. Moreover, we generalize the efficient first-passage-time techniques for Brownian-motion simulations in suspensions of spheres to the case of fiber networks and compute the associated effective diffusion coefficient $D_e$ as well as the mean survival time $τ$, which is related to nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation times. Specifically, the Torquato approximation provides the most accurate estimates of $D_e$ for all collagen concentrations among all of the analytical approximations we consider. We formulate a universal curve for $τ$ for the networks at different collagen concentrations. We apply rigorous cross-property relations to estimate the effective bulk modulus of collagen networks from a knowledge of the effective diffusion coefficient computed here.
Estimation of frequency unsynchronized millimeter-wave channels (2017)

We propose an algorithm for mmWave channel estimation in the presence of a non-negligible carrier frequency offset (CFO) impairment. The algorithm exploits inherent sparsity of the mmWave channel in the angle of departure (AoD) and arrival (AoA) domain, employs sparse channel sensing protocol, and performs blind CFO compensation and estimation of channel paths in the angular domain. The simulation tests show that the proposed algorithm considerably outperforms the conventional orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP)-based mmWave channel estimation algorithm under different CFO and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regimes. Aside from the mmWave channel estimation problem, the algorithm is more generally applicable for greedy sparse recovery problems associated with estimating a sparse vector from measurements impaired by frequency offset.
Remembrance of circuits past (2002)

The introduction of simulation-based analog synthesis tools creates a new challenge for analog modeling. These tools routinely visit 103 to 105 fully simulated circuit solution candidates. What might we do with all this circuit data? We show how to adapt recent ideas from large-scale data mining to build models that capture significant regions of this visited performance space, parameterized by variables manipulated by synthesis, trained by the data points visited during synthesis. Experimental results show that we can automatically build useful nonlinear regression models for large analog design spaces.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of Pyrroles Fused with Rigid Bicyclic Ring Systems at β‐Positions. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.