gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conversion of highly active waste to solids. [VERA]; Verfestigung hochaktiver Abfaelle (1976)

Borosilicate glasses were selected as matrix material for solidification of highly radioactive wastes. Current laboratory work on the VERA process is described. Goals were met by a five-component glass VG-38 and a glass-ceramic VC-15. The VERA process is described: flowsheet, denitration, calcinator, fusion facility. (DLC)
Bcl-2 and Bax modulate adenine nucleotide translocase activity. (2003)

Bcl-2 is a prosurvival factor that reportedly prevents the nonspecific permeabilization of mitochondrial membranes, yet enhances specific ADP/ATP exchange by these organelles. Here, we show that Bcl-2 enhances the ADP/ATP exchange in proteoliposomes containing the purified adenine nucleotide translocase (ANT) in isolated mitochondria and mitoplasts, as well as in intact cells in which mitochondrial matrix ATP was monitored continuously using a specific luciferase-based assay system. Conversely, Bax, which displaces Bcl-2 from ANT in apoptotic cells, inhibits ADP/ATP exchange through a direct action on ANT. The Bax-mediated inhibition of ADP/ATP exchange can be separated from Bax-stimulated formation of nonspecific pores by ANT. Chemotherapy-induced apoptosis caused an inhibition of ANT activity, which preceded the loss of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential and could be prevented by overexpression of Bcl-2. These data are compatible with a model of mitochondrial apoptosis regulation in which ANT interacts with either Bax or Bcl-2, which both influence ANT function in opposing manners. Bcl-2 would maintain the translocase activity at high levels, whereas Bax would inhibit the translocase function of ANT.
Common age-related eye diseases and visual impairment (2017)

Abstract General physicians have an essential role in preventing vision loss in older people. However, most vision-threatening eye disorders are initially asymptomatic and often go underdiagnosed. Therefore, screening, early detection, and timely intervention are important in their management. The most common cause of visual impairment is uncorrected or under-corrected refractive error, followed by cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy. Spectacles and cataract surgery can successfully restore sight for uncorrected refractive error and cataract, respectively. Visual impairment as a result of age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy can be prevented with appropriate treatment if they are identified early enough. This chapter provides an overview of common age-related eye disease and visual impairment.
Metalens for light field imaging (2019)

We use a 60 × 60 dielectric achromatic metalens array to capture multidimensional optical information including both image and depth. The scene can be reconstructed slice by slice from a series of rendered full-color images.
Seal spot welding of steel and aluminium alloy by resistance spot welding: dissimilar metal joining of steel and aluminium alloy by Zn insertion (2016)

This research concerns a dissimilar metal joining of steel and aluminium (Al) alloys by means of zinc (Zn) insertion. The authors propose a joining concept for achieving strong bonded joints between Zn-coated steel and Al alloys. A eutectic reaction between Zn in the Zn coating and uniform Al–Fe intermetallic compound (IMC) layer at the joint interface, leading to a strong bonded joint. The ultimate aim of this research was to apply this joining concept in the resistance spot welding process for manufacturing vehicle bodies. As a practical issue characteristic to joints of dissimilar metals, anticorrosion measures against electrochemical corrosion must be undertaken. If there is moisture near a joint interface of dissimilar metals, electrochemical erosion will progress. Therefore, a sealing function that could prevent moisture intrusion is required. By applying the above-mentioned welding process to a set of metals with thermosetting resin spread in between, we realized seal spot welding, which not only prevented moisture intrusion but also retained high tensile strength. In this research, first, a cyclic corrosion test was performed on the seal spot-welded joint of galvanized (GI) steel, a steel grade widely distributed in Japan, and Al alloy was bonded by seal spot welding, and the following topics are discussed. Complete removal of sealant from the joint interface is the key to realizing the high tensile stress joint, because remaining sealant will lead to reduction in tensile strength. Therefore, heat generation at the interface was monitored by measuring electrical current and potential difference between the two electrodes, and a precise temperature control was performed. Moreover, the bonding process was clarified by stepwise analysis of the joint interface using optical microscopy, and a guideline for producing strong joints was proposed. And finally, a TEM observation also confirmed that the interface structure of the seal spot-welded joint was the same as joints without the resin; a thin and uniform Al–Fe IMC layer was formed and a strong metallurgical bonding was achieved.
Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair (2006)

Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is being performed by an increasing number of orthopaedic surgeons. The principles, techniques, and instrumentation have evolved to the extent that all patterns and sizes of rotator cuff tear, including massive tears, can now be repaired arthroscopically. Achieving a biomechanically stable construct is critical to biologic healing. The ideal repair construct must optimize suture-to-bone fixation, suture-to-tendon fixation, abrasion resistance of suture, suture strength, knot security, loop security, and restoration of the anatomic rotator cuff footprint (the surface area of bone to which the cuff tendons attach). By achieving optimized repair constructs, experienced arthroscopic surgeons are reporting results equal to those of open rotator cuff repair. As surgeons' arthroscopic skill levels increase through attendance at surgical skills courses and greater experience gained in the operating room, there will be an increasing trend toward arthroscopic repair of most rotator cuff pathology.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Enantiomer Differentiation in Intramolecular Cyclopropanation Reactions of Racemic Secondary Allylic Diazoacetates. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[Results of endoscopic treatment of non-broken tendinopathies of the rotator cuff. 2. Calcifications of the rotator cuff]. (1993)

The authors studied the results of the arthroscopic treatment of the chronic calcifying tendinitis within a multi-center study of the French Society of Arthroscopy. 112 patients were available for the study. All shoulders had a preoperative radiographic clinical and radiographic evaluation. At follow up, functional results were assessed, using the Constant score, and X rays allowed to appreciate the acromial shape and the calcific deposit aspect. Several arthroscopic procedures were used on the calcification (respect or removal), and the coracoacromial arch (respect, ACL release or acromioplasty). This study found an objective success rate of 89 per cent and a patient subjective satisfaction rate of 82 per cent. Based on follow up radiographs, 88 per cent of the patients had a complete disappearance of the calcific deposit. There were no recurrence, no secondary rotator cuff tear. The results were not correlated with the age of the patients, or with the radiographic aspect (type, size, localization) of the calcification. The results were correlated with the arthroscopic procedure: they were better when the calcification had been removed (superior to deposit respect). Associated acromioplasty gave no better results: it was only considered as necessary when the calcification was not found (12 per cent). The greatest care must be taken in the surgical indication for this pathology because of a high rate of spontaneous resorption. The authors conclude that the arthroscopic surgery is a very effective method for chronic calcific tendinitis, compared to open procedure.
Study of recent CFD-based scheme for analyzing 3D mask effects (2013)

Mask-induced aberration, which causes the deterioration of pattern fidelity owing to the phase difference between the diffraction orders in sub-wavelength lithography conditions, is an intricate problem. To evaluate the extent of the effect computationally, a rigorous electromagnetic field solver is applied. Reduction in the computation time of full-3D calculation is desirable in order to calculate practical patterns of mask layout in short period of time. We propose a new approach based on the Constrained Interpolation Profile (CIP) scheme with Method of Characteristics (MoC) to achieve the reduction of computation time. The CIP scheme is characterized by high accuracy to maintain the phase of each propagating wave using spatial derivatives. Constrained interpolation with derivatives is efficient for reducing the number of cells in the spatial domain because the requirement for keeping the phase accuracy of wavefront is relaxed. Non-uniform meshing also reduces the amount of computation time. The CIP scheme connects the mask topography simulation using non-uniform mesh to the traditional imaging algorithm smoothly. In this paper, we discuss the accuracy of CIP-based Mask3D simulation and the applicability to lithography issues.
Concentrator Optics for Photovoltaic Systems (2015)

An overview of the fundamentals, the optimization strategies, and specific optical designs of concentrators for concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) systems is given. Several designs of secondary optical element (SOE) were compared with respect to their CAP and the achievable photocurrent densities. When using silicone on glass (SOG) Fresnel lens primary optical element (POE), special attention has to be given to the temperature effects of this POE type. It is shown how these effects can be minimized. Concentrator optics for CPV modules are lowest-cost high-volume optical elements. This puts very strong constraints on the parameter space of theoretically feasible optical designs. The field of concentrator optics for CPV is still emerging and it is only recent that very important feedback from the operation of CPV modules in high volumes can be gained. Many possible design variants the most promising will be selected and incorporated in the next generation CPV module designs.
Derivatives of indole-1-acetic acid as antiinflammatory agents (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDerivatives of indole-1-acetic acid as antiinflammatory agentsKarl J. Doebel and Jan W. F. WasleyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1972, 15, 10, 1081–1082Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00280a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00280a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust Classification from Noisy Labels: Integrating Additional\n Knowledge for Chest Radiography Abnormality Assessment (2021)

Chest radiography is the most common radiographic examination performed in\ndaily clinical practice for the detection of various heart and lung\nabnormalities. The large amount of data to be read and reported, with more than\n100 studies per day for a single radiologist, poses a challenge in consistently\nmaintaining high interpretation accuracy. The introduction of large-scale\npublic datasets has led to a series of novel systems for automated abnormality\nclassification. However, the labels of these datasets were obtained using\nnatural language processed medical reports, yielding a large degree of label\nnoise that can impact the performance. In this study, we propose novel training\nstrategies that handle label noise from such suboptimal data. Prior label\nprobabilities were measured on a subset of training data re-read by 4\nboard-certified radiologists and were used during training to increase the\nrobustness of the training model to the label noise. Furthermore, we exploit\nthe high comorbidity of abnormalities observed in chest radiography and\nincorporate this information to further reduce the impact of label noise.\nAdditionally, anatomical knowledge is incorporated by training the system to\npredict lung and heart segmentation, as well as spatial knowledge labels. To\ndeal with multiple datasets and images derived from various scanners that apply\ndifferent post-processing techniques, we introduce a novel image normalization\nstrategy. Experiments were performed on an extensive collection of 297,541\nchest radiographs from 86,876 patients, leading to a state-of-the-art\nperformance level for 17 abnormalities from 2 datasets. With an average AUC\nscore of 0.880 across all abnormalities, our proposed training strategies can\nbe used to significantly improve performance scores.\n
Modulation of Rat Cecal Microbiota by Administration of Raffinose and Encapsulated Bifidobacterium breve (2006)

To investigate the effects of administration of raffinose and encapsulated Bifidobacterium breve JCM 1192T cells on the rat cecal microbiota, in a preclinical synbiotic study groups of male WKAH/Hkm Slc rats were fed for 3 weeks with four different test diets: basal diet (group BD), basal diet supplemented with raffinose (group RAF), basal diet supplemented with encapsulated B. breve (group CB), and basal diet supplemented with both raffinose and encapsulated B. breve (group RCB). The bacterial populations in cecal samples were determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). B. breve cells were detected only in the RCB group and accounted for about 6.3% of the total cells as determined by FISH analysis. B. breve was also detected only in the RCB group by T-RFLP analysis. This was in contrast to the CB group, in which no B. breve signals were detected by either FISH or T-RFLP. Increases in the sizes of the populations of Bifidobacterium animalis, a Bifidobacterium indigenous to the rat, were observed in the RAF and RCB groups. Principal-component analysis of T-RFLP results revealed significant alterations in the bacterial populations of rats in the RAF and RCB groups; the population in the CB group was similar to that in the control group (group BD). To the best of our knowledge, these results provide the first clear picture of the changes in the rat cecal microbiota in response to synbiotic administration.
Challenges to Evaluating the Generalization of Coreference Resolution Models: A Measurement Modeling Perspective (2023)

It is increasingly common to evaluate the same coreference resolution (CR) model on multiple datasets. Do these multi-dataset evaluations allow us to draw meaningful conclusions about model generalization? Or, do they rather reflect the idiosyncrasies of a particular experimental setup (e.g., the specific datasets used)? To study this, we view evaluation through the lens of measurement modeling, a framework commonly used in the social sciences for analyzing the validity of measurements. By taking this perspective, we show how multi-dataset evaluations risk conflating different factors concerning what, precisely, is being measured. This in turn makes it difficult to draw more generalizable conclusions from these evaluations. For instance, we show that across seven datasets, measurements intended to reflect CR model generalization are often correlated with differences in both how coreference is defined and how it is operationalized; this limits our ability to draw conclusions regarding the ability of CR models to generalize across any singular dimension. We believe the measurement modeling framework provides the needed vocabulary for discussing challenges surrounding what is actually being measured by CR evaluations.
A non‐peptide radioiodinated high affinity melanocortin‐4 receptor ligand (2003)

Abstract 4‐Cyclohexyl‐4‐[(1,2,4‐triazol‐1‐yl)methyl]piperidine was introduced into stepwise peptide synthesis procedures using Boc chemistry and derivatives of D ‐4‐iodophenylalanine and D ‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic acid. A halogen replacement analogue ( I‐Mex2 ) of a known high affinity melanocortin‐4 receptor selective compound resulted. It showed a subnanomolar affinity when evaluated on the melanocortin‐4 receptor in competition with the α ‐MSH peptide analogue 125 I‐NDP‐MSH. By treatment with hexamethylditin and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine) palladium I‐Mex2 was converted to the corresponding trimethylstannyl derivative. In the next step, Na 125 I was oxidized by an iodobead. Iododestannylation proceeded in the presence of 1 M phosphate buffer, pH 2.5, and the radio‐active derivative 125 I‐Mex2 formed was separated by HPLC at 40% radiochemical yield. Preliminary investigation showed that 125 I‐Mex2 is useful as a radioligand for melanocortin‐4 receptor binding studies. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Comparative evaluation of Body Biasing and Voltage Scaling for Low-Power Design on 28nm UTBB FD-SOI Technology (2019)

In this paper, we compare the two most common performance tuning techniques: Body-Biasing and Voltage Scaling, when compensating Process, Temperature, and Aging (PTA) variations. We pay special attention to the capability of each technique to improve the worst-case limiting corners that set the product specifications during High Volume Manufacturing (HVM). Results obtained with CAD simulations are validated on silicon with measurements on a 1.4GHz 32-bit ARM® Cortex® with 400kB AXI-memory and ring-oscillator performance monitors fabricated using 28nm FD-SOI technology.
An efficient 1.46 mu m thulium fiber laser via a cascade process (1993)

Continuous wave (CW) lasing in a thulium-doped fluorozirconate fiber at 1.46 mu m with a 20% slope efficiency was observed. Simultaneous lasing at 1.86 mu m with 29% slope efficiency depopulates the normally long lived 1.46- mu m terminal level. It is shown that the cascade process can increase the slope efficiency eta /sub s/, of the 1.45- mu m transition by a factor of ten and the 1.86- mu m transition by a factor of eight. Calculations indicate that the CW laser thresholds decrease significantly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Congenital Heart Disease Genetic Network Study (2013)

Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the leading cause of infant mortality among birth defects, and later morbidities and premature mortality remain problematic. Although genetic factors contribute significantly to cause CHD, specific genetic lesions are unknown for most patients. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-funded Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium established the Congenital Heart Disease Genetic Network Study to investigate relationships between genetic factors, clinical features, and outcomes in CHD. The Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium comprises 6 main and 4 satellite sites at which subjects are recruited, and medical data and biospecimens (blood, saliva, cardiovascular tissue) are collected. Core infrastructure includes an administrative/data-coordinating center, biorepository, data hub, and core laboratories (genotyping, whole-exome sequencing, candidate gene evaluation, and variant confirmation). Eligibility includes all forms of CHD. Annual follow-up is obtained for probands <1-year-old. Parents are enrolled whenever available. Enrollment from December 2010 to June 2012 comprised 3772 probands. One or both parents were enrolled for 72% of probands. Proband median age is 5.5 years. The one third enrolled at age <1 year are contacted annually for follow-up information. The distribution of CHD favors more complex lesions. Approximately, 11% of probands have a genetic diagnosis. Adequate DNA is available from 97% and 91% of blood and saliva samples, respectively. Genomic analyses of probands with heterotaxy, atrial septal defects, conotruncal, and left ventricular outflow tract obstructive lesions are underway. The scientific community's use of Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium resources is welcome.
V‐shaped, Strongly‐emitting, π‐Expanded Hydrophilic Azacyanines: Synthesis, Linear and Nonlinear Optical Properties (2013)

Abstract Rarely studied azacyanine cations react with electron‐rich aromatic aldehydes under Knoevenagel conditions to allow easy access to V‐shaped D ‐π‐A + ‐π‐D chromophores, in which the acceptor moiety A is a π‐electron‐deficient cation and the donor moiety is represented by different π‐electron‐rich benzene rings. The resulting inherently hydrophilic dyes display excellent two‐photon brightness as a result of large two‐photon absorption (2PA) cross‐sections and strong orange fluorescence.
A case of malignant melanoma patient complicating pneumonia of Legionella pneumophila Sg 1 infection and means to detect Legionella from the patient (2013)

Legionella&nbsp;pneumonia&nbsp;is mainly caused by the inhalation of&nbsp;Legionella&nbsp;contaminated aerosol, aspiration or wound infection. Patients undergoing a severe immunosuppressive therapy such as organ transplant or cancer therapy are particularly at risk of infection.This study reported a case of&nbsp;Legionella&nbsp;pneumonia caused by&nbsp;Legionella pneumophila&nbsp;in a man with malignant melanoma. The method for diagnosing&nbsp;Legionella&nbsp;pneumonia&nbsp;by standard culture method was elaborate. A rapid diagnostic method derived from a two-step scheme assay with 99.42% accuracy for identification and differentiation of&nbsp;L. pneumophila&nbsp;and non-&nbsp;L. pneumophila&nbsp;in environmental&nbsp;Legionella&nbsp;isolates were also utilized in this study to evaluate whether this method was available for diagnosingLegionella&nbsp;infection. To confirm the diagnosis result of this rapid diagnostic method, sequencing of the bacteria in patient&rsquo;s&nbsp;sputum&nbsp;partial gene was also carried out. The diagnosis result of this rapid diagnostic method was consistent with the culture method which indicated that it was effective in diagnosing&nbsp;L. pneumophila&nbsp;infection. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;Legionella pneumophila, malignant melanoma, pneumonia.