gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Diode laser sensors for aeropropulsion monitoring and control</title> (1995)

Recent advances in room-temperature tunable diode lasers, fiberoptic beam transport, and sensitive detection strategies now permit in-stream sensing of numerous parameters relevant to aeropropulsion monitoring and control. These include density measurements of important flow constituents such as O<SUB>2</SUB>, H<SUB>2</SUB>O, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and NO<SUB>x</SUB>. Based on path-averaged absorption measurements, the basic density measurements can be expanded to include other gasdynamic properties such as temperature and velocity. Simultaneous, multiparameter measurements allow determination of high order system parameters such as mass flux and thrust continuously and in real-time. This paper describes several sensor development efforts, exhaust mass flux, and emissions monitoring. Example measurements from laboratory configurations are presented along with performance projections for test-stand and flight systems. Integration issues with full-scale hardware and control opportunities are also discussed.
Performance and functional verification of microprocessors (2002)

We address the problem of verifying the correctness of pre-silicon models of a microprocessor. We touch on the latest advances in this area by considering two different aspects of the validation problem: (a) verifying the functional integrity of the model and (b) testing the model for timing accuracy at the architectural level. The latter area, that of performance verification, is of increasing importance in the design of server-class processor chips, with one or more high performance cores on a single die. We show how simulation-based test cases can be generated under a unified defect and coverage model to detect both performance and functional bugs. We present and discuss examples of such integrated validation methodologies used in real processor development projects.
Virulence of Fungal Pathogens (Imperfect Fungi: Hyphomycetes) to Pear Psylla (Homoptera: Psyllidae) (1994)

Entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin, M. flavoviride (Gams & Rozsypal), Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (Wise) Brown & Smith, and Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas were evaluated for pathogenicity and virulence to pear psylla, Cacopsylla pyricola (Foerster), nymphs using a detached-leaf bioassay. Isolates within B. bassiana and P. fumosoroseus were also compared. Conidia suspended in water were applied to first and second instars at various concentrations and evaluated 3, 5, and 7 d after application. All of the fungal isolates tested were pathogenic to pear psylla nymphs. B. bassiana, P. farinosus, and V. lecanii were significantly more virulent than the Metarhizium spp. (mortality range, 92.5–99.6% versus 42.3–54.7%, respectively, on 7 d at 107 conidia/ml). Similarly, the LC50s did not significantly differ for all isolates except the Metarhizium spp. and ranged between 1.4 × 102 – 2.0 × 104 conidia/ml on 7 d. Metarhizium spp. had significantly lower LC50s than the other isolates, that ranged from 2.3 × 107 – 11.7 × 1010 conidia/ml on 7 d. The fastest acting isolate when applied at 107 conidia/ml was P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 with an LC50 of 1.8 d, which was significantly higher than other isolates except B. bassiana. The LC50 could not be calculated for M. anisopliae because percent mortality did not increase with time. Based on LT50, LT50, and percent mortality comparisons, P. fumosoroseus ARSEF #2658 was the most virulent fungal isolate followed by B. bassiana AHSEF #2860. The potential of these isolates as mycoinsecticides for the control of pear psylla nymphs in orchards is discussed.
Über die Inhaltsstoffe des grünen Knollenblätterpilzes, XXXIX1)Isolierung und Charakterisierung eines antitoxischen Cyclopeptids, Antamanid, aus der lipophilen Extraktfraktion von Amanita phalloides (1969)

Abstract Aus dem Aceton‐löslichen Anteil der angereicherten Extraktstoffe von A. phalloides wurde durch Chromatographie, speziell an Sephadex LH‐20, ein cyclisches Decapeptid, antamanid, isoliert, das mit 0.5–1 mg pro kg Körpergewicht bei der weißen Maus die sicher tödliche Dosis von 5 mg Phalloidin pro kg kompensiert. Antamanid besteht aus Alanin, Phenylalanin, Prolin und Valin im Molverhältnis von 1:4:4:1. Mit einer chromatographischen Mikromethode, die auf der Trennung diastereomerer Dipeptide beruht, wurde die Zugehörigkeit aller Aminosäuren zur L ‐Reihe festgestellt.
Personal projection with Ujoy technology (2007)

Personal projection is a new way to use projectors for gaming, entertainment or photo projection.
The requirements for this new category have been defined based on market research with focus
groups. A screen brightness of 200-300lm out of compact and affordable devices is a must. In order
to reach this performance a very bright light source is at least as important as for professional
projectors. The new 50W Ujoy lamp system with 1mm arc enables efficient projection systems.
Lower cooling requirements, the potential for battery operation and the low voltage input makes it
the ideal source for this new category of projectors.
Wheat—the cereal abandoned by GM (2018)

Genetic modification of wheat for disease resistance could help stabilize food production
Minimum-time collision-free trajectory planning for dual-robot systems (1992)

Collision-free multirobot motion planning can be achieved in two steps: path planning and trajectory planning. Path planning finds for the robots geometric paths to avoid collision with static obstacles and trajectory planning determines how fast each robot must move along its geometric path to avoid collision with other moving robots. For a dual-robot system, a simple trajectory planning strategy is to let each robot move along its path as fast as possible and delay one robot at its initial position to avoid collision with the other robot. A sufficient condition under which this simple (thus easy to implement) strategy for dual-robot systems can achieve time optimality as well as collision avoidance, i.e., the two robots reach their final positions without colliding with each other in the minimum amount of time, is derived. A demonstrative example is presented, showing how this strategy can be used for loading and unloading applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Suppression of inflammatory disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis is associated with improvements in retinal microvascular health (2015)

We demonstrated that suppression of inflammation in RA is associated with a reduction of retinal venular calibre, suggesting that therapies targeting inflammation could improve vascular health in RA.
STORY DAMAGE DETECTION OF MULTISTORY BUILDINGS USING NATURAL .FREQUENCY SHIFTS OF MULTIPLE MODES (2002)

A damage detection scheme is presented to locate and evaluate story damage of multistory buildings. Natural frequency shifts of multiple modes are identified by AR model from acceleration time series at each story. The modal strain energy ratios of each story in the undamaged state are calculated as prior information. The relationship between natural frequency shift and modal strain energy ratio is constructed. A shape fitting method is applied to detect single story damage, whereas sensitivity analysis is used to detect plural story damage. To discuss the effectiveness and limitation of the scheme, a series of shaking table tests on a five story steel frame have been performed for various damage locations and conditions.
Causal Effect Models for Realistic Individualized Treatment and Intention to Treat Rules (2007)

Marginal structural models (MSM) are an important class of models in causal inference. Given a longitudinal data structure observed on a sample of n independent and identically distributed experimental units, MSM model the counterfactual outcome distribution corresponding with a static treatment intervention, conditional on user-supplied baseline covariates. Identification of a static treatment regimen-specific outcome distribution based on observational data requires, beyond the standard sequential randomization assumption, the assumption that each experimental unit has positive probability of following the static treatment regimen. The latter assumption is called the experimental treatment assignment (ETA) assumption, and is parameter-specific. In many studies the ETA is violated because some of the static treatment interventions to be compared cannot be followed by all experimental units, due either to baseline characteristics or to the occurrence of certain events over time. For example, the development of adverse effects or contraindications can force a subject to stop an assigned treatment regimen.In this article we propose causal effect models for a user-supplied set of realistic individualized treatment rules. Realistic individualized treatment rules are defined as treatment rules which always map into the set of possible treatment options. Thus, causal effect models for realistic treatment rules do not rely on the ETA assumption and are fully identifiable from the data. Further, these models can be chosen to generalize marginal structural models for static treatment interventions. The estimating function methodology of Robins and Rotnitzky (1992) (analogue to its application in Murphy, et. al. (2001) for a single treatment rule) provides us with the corresponding locally efficient double robust inverse probability of treatment weighted estimator.In addition, we define causal effect models for "intention-to-treat" regimens. The proposed intention-to-treat interventions enforce a static intervention until the time point at which the next treatment does not belong to the set of possible treatment options, at which point the intervention is stopped. We provide locally efficient estimators of such intention-to-treat causal effects.
その数式、プログラムできますか? : 数式は如何にしてプログラムに翻訳されるのか (2015)

本書の内容 最初のアルゴリズム 古代ギリシャの数論 ユークリッドの互除法 近代数論の誕生 数学における抽象性 アルゴリズムの一般化 その他の代数構造 数学的知識の体系化 プログラミングの基本概念 置換アルゴリズム ＧＣＤの拡張 現実の世界での応用 最後に
Jean-François Vonck sous le regard des historiens (1996)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Organic neuromorphic electronics for sensorimotor integration and learning in robotics (2021)

In living organisms, sensory and motor processes are distributed, locally merged, and capable of forming dynamic sensorimotor associations. We introduce a simple and efficient organic neuromorphic circuit for local sensorimotor merging and processing on a robot that is placed in a maze. While the robot is exposed to external environmental stimuli, visuomotor associations are formed on the adaptable neuromorphic circuit. With this on-chip sensorimotor integration, the robot learns to follow a path to the exit of a maze, while being guided by visually indicated paths. The ease of processability of organic neuromorphic electronics and their unconventional form factors, in combination with education-purpose robotics, showcase a promising approach of an affordable, versatile, and readily accessible platform for exploring, designing, and evaluating behavioral intelligence through decentralized sensorimotor integration.
Permeability of skin to silver nanoparticles after epidermal skin barrier disruption in rats (2017)

To analyze the permeability of rat skin to silver nanoparticles, the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley rats was exposed to 5 nm Ag nanoparticles or silver nitrate (Ag + ions) percutaneously for 24 hr after disruption of the epidermal barrier by tape stripping (TS) or acetone wiping (AC). Systemic toxicity was examined hematologically and histopathologically, and by assessing blood biochemistry. Although parakeratosis, decrease in keratohyaline granule, and thickening in the epidermis occurred following exposure to both 5 nm Ag nanoparticles and Ag + ions after TS or AC, no Ag-specific changes were observed. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) showed silver in the skin of rats exposed to both 5 nm Ag nanoparticles and Ag + ions after TS or AC. Silver was only detected in the liver of rats exposed to Ag + ions after TS, but not exposed to 5 nm Ag nanoparticles after TS or AC. No abnormal histopathological changes in the liver were observed in all rats. In the blood, silver was below detectable levels in all rats and had no adverse effects on hematology or blood biochemistry. These results indicate that silver ions released from 5 nm Ag nanoparticles can percutaneously infiltrate the body only when the skin barrier is disrupted, but does not induce any acute toxicity.
A new positive‐type photoreactive polyimide precursor using 1,4‐dihydropyridine derivative (1992)

Abstract A novel positive‐type polyimide precursor (BPDA/DDE) has been developed and examined. It is synthesized by the polycondensation of biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and 4,4′‐diamino‐diphenyl ether, based on systems composed of dimethyl 1,4‐dihydro‐2,6‐dimethyl‐4‐(2‐nitrophenyl)‐3,5‐pyridinecarboxylate (nifedipine). Nifedipine photoconverted quantitatively to 4‐(2′‐nitrosophenyl)‐2,3‐dicarboxymethyl‐3,5‐dimethylpyridine (NDMPy) in a polyimide precursor film. It has been confirmed that nifedipine and NDMPy in the film act as a dissolution inhibitor and as a disolution promotor, respectively. The dissolution inhibition and promotion mechanisms were further investigated and subsequently expressed as follows: Dissolution inhibition is due to resistivity of the polyimide precursor to an alkaline aqueous solution through intermolecular hydrogen bonding between — COOH in the polymer structure and — NH — in nifedipine. Dissolution promotion is due to the hydrogen bond‐breaking by photoconversion from nifedipine to NDMPy and the newly formed intermolecular complex between the COOH and N in NDMPy. The photoreactive polyimide precursor (BPDA/DDE), including 25wt% nifedipine, shows a 170mJ/cm 2 sensitivity and a 5.5 γ value.
Data from Loss of Function of DOCK4 in Myelodysplastic Syndromes Stem Cells is Restored by Inhibitors of DOCK4 Signaling Networks (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) with deletion of chromosome 7q/7 [-7/(del)7q MDS] is associated with worse outcomes and needs novel insights into pathogenesis. Reduced expression of signaling protein dedicator of cytokinesis 4 (DOCK4) in patients with -7/(del)7q MDS leads to a block in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) differentiation. Identification of targetable signaling networks downstream of DOCK4 will provide means to restore hematopoietic differentiation in MDS.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We utilized phosphoproteomics approaches to identify signaling proteins perturbed as a result of reduced expression of DOCK4 in human HSCs and tested their functional significance in primary model systems.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate that reduced levels of DOCK4 lead to increased global tyrosine phosphorylation of proteins in primary human HSCs. LYN kinase and phosphatases INPP5D (SHIP1) and PTPN6 (SHP1) displayed greatest levels of tyrosine phosphorylation when DOCK4 expression levels were reduced using DOCK4-specific siRNA. Our data also found that increased phosphorylation of SHIP1 and SHP1 phosphatases were due to LYN kinase targeting these phosphatases as substrates. Increased migration and impediment of HSC differentiation were consequences of these signaling alterations. Pharmacologic inhibition of SHP1 reversed these functional aberrations in HSCs expressing low DOCK4 levels. In addition, differentiation block seen in DOCK4 haplo-insufficient [-7/(del)7q] MDS was rescued by inhibition of SHP1 phosphatase.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;LYN kinase and phosphatases SHP1 and SHIP1 are perturbed when DOCK4 expression levels are low. Inhibition of SHP1 promotes erythroid differentiation in healthy HSCs and in -7/(del)7q MDS samples with low DOCK4 expression. Inhibitors of LYN, SHP1 and SHIP1 also abrogated increased migratory properties in HSCs expressing reduced levels of DOCK4.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
EBV‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified: 2018 update on diagnosis, risk‐stratification and management (2018)

Patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, should be staged and managed following similar guidelines than patients with EBV-negative DLBCL. EBV+ DLBCL, NOS, however, has a worse prognosis than EBV-negative DLBCL in the era of chemoimmunotherapy. There is an opportunity to study and develop targeted therapy in the management of patients with EBV+ DLBCL, NOS.
Changes in the electronic structure of CuInS2 thin films by Na incorporation (1998)

For Na-free and Cu-deficient CuInS2 thin films with chalcopyrite structure, electron spectra of core levels and valence band were similar to each other in spite of a difference in Cu deficiency. Incorporation of Na with the CuInS2 films caused peak shifts by −0.5 eV for the core levels without changes in both linewidth and shape. The electron density of states, deeper by 1–5 eV than that from Cu d–S p hybridization centered at around 2.5 eV, increased by the Na incorporation, and increments in the electron density of states were larger for the films with larger the Cu deficiency. The Na incorporation yielded a surface layer expressed as (Na,Cu)InS2 on the Cu deficient CuInS2 films.
Maskless zone-plate-array lithography (ZPAL): for enhanced creativity in nanostructures fabrication and research (2004)

Summary form only given, as follows. We report on our development of a maskless lithography system that uses an array of Fresnel phase zone plates to bring CW laser radiation to an array of onaxis focal spots. A Grating Light Valve (GLVm') device from Silicon Light Machines modulates the intensity of the spots as the stage is moved, enabling the creation of patterns of arbitrary geometry, with excellent control of linewidth. Placement accuracy -1nm is ensured by fabricating the zone plates with spatialphase-locked e-beam lithography, We have demonstrated multilevel alignment, fully multiplexed writing, and lithographic performance near theoretical limits with zone plates of 0.85 numerical aperture. Although our ZPAL prototype employs 400 nm wavelength, 150nm dense lines and spaces (Le,, k, = 0.32) are achieved with little difficulty. Throughput is limited primarily by the speed of beam modulation. We are proceeding toward commercial manufacturing of ZPAL tools for research and development. Diffractive optics has significant advantages over refractive approaches since near-ideal performance is achieved on axis, costs are low, and the approach can be readily scaled to shorter wavelengths. Maskless lithography, such as we will describe, should enable circuit designers to more fully exploit their creativity, unencumbered by the constraints of mask-based lithography. Ths may revolutionize custom circuit design as well as research in electronics, NEMS, microphotonics, nanomagnetics and nanoscale science and engineering.
Quantum Dots for GaAs-Based Long Wavelength Edge-Emitting and Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (1999)

InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) are very promising for extending the lasing wavelength of GaAs-based devices, including vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), edge-emitting lasers, and microcavity light emitting diodes, into the 1.0 µm to 1.3 µm wavelength range.
Nanoscale Size Control of Protein Aggregates (2013)

Herein, a novel method to synthesize soluble, sub-micrometer sized protein aggregates is demonstrated by mixing native and denatured proteins without using bacteria and contaminating proteins. Ovalbumin (OVA) is employed as a model protein. The average size of the formed aggregates can be controlled by adjusting the fraction of denatured protein in the sample and it is possible to make unimodal size distributions of protein aggregates. OVA aggregates with a size of ∼95 nm are found to be more immunogenic compared to native OVA in a murine splenocyte proliferation assay. These results suggest that the novel method of engineering size specific sub-micrometer sized aggregates may constitute a potential route to increasing the efficacy of protein vaccines. The protein aggregates may also be promising for use in other applications including the surface functionalization of biomaterials and as industrial catalysis materials.
Basic Science: Mechanisms of Medication Overuse Headache (2004)

Headache caused by overuse of symptomatic medications to treat headache represents a challenging clinical problem. Recent studies exploring both the mechanisms of migraine headache and neuroplastic changes following sustained exposure to analgesic drugs suggest insights regarding the pathophysiology of medication overuse headache. In this review, changes that occur following chronic morphine that may be particularly relevant to the induction of medication overuse headache will be discussed. Peripherally, these changes include increased expression of calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) in primary afferent neurons. Centrally, they include increased descending facilitation from the rostral ventromedial medulla and increased excitatory neurotransmission at the level of the dorsal horn. Interestingly, many of these same changes, including increased CGRP levels and peripheral and central sensitization, are apparent in inflammatory pain states. Recent revelations into the mechanisms of migraine headache suggest that neurogenic inflammation leads to both peripheral and central sensitization in the migraine sufferer. Furthermore, CGRP plays a prominent role in initiating vasodilation of the intracranial blood vessels and subsequent headache. Given the many parallels between the effects of chronic morphine exposure and processes that occur during migraine, it is evident that overuse of symptomatic medications to treat headache could lead to worsening of symptoms. In animals, the neural adaptations that occur after sustained morphine exposure are manifested behaviorally as an increased sensitivity to both tactile and thermal stimulation. In the headache sufferer, these adaptations could lead to medication overuse headache.
Cyber Assessment Methods For SCADA Security (2005)

This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may not be made before publication, this preprint should not be cited or reproduced without permission of the author. This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party’s use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the United States Government or the sponsoring agency.