gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GRADSIM: A Connectionist Network Simulator Using Gradient Optimization Techniques (1988)

A simulator for connectionist networks which uses gradient methods of nonlinear optimization for network learning is described. The simulator (GRADSIM) was designed for temporal flow model connectionist networks. The complete gradient is computed for networks of general connectivity, including recurrent links. The simulator is written in C, uses simple network and data descriptors for flexibility, and is easily modified for new applications. A version of the simulator which precompiles the network objective function and gradient computations for greatly increased processing speed is also described. Benchmark results for the simulator running on the DEC VAX 8650, SUN 3/260 and CYBER 205 are presented.
Increased serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 are associated with cardiovascular disease in patients with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (2013)

Elevated serum levels of S100A8/A9 and S100A12 may be used as an indicator of severe disease and CVD in SLE, suggesting that SLE patients with elevated serum S100A8/A9 and S100A12 concentrations may benefit from more intense cardiovascular primary preventive strategies and possibly also from more intense and early immunosuppressive treatment.
High extinction ratio and saturation power traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator (2002)

An InGaAsP multiquantum-well traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator is demonstrated with high extinction ratio and modulation efficiency. By designing a strain-compensated quantum-well active region with traveling-wave design, high saturation power (>14 dBm) for >20-GHz high-speed performance (1.5 dB drop at 20 GHz) is achieved. Due to high modulation efficiency (>30 dBN for 0 to 1 V 40-dB extinction ratio in 2 V), error free 10-Gb/s operation with 1 V/sub p-p/ driving voltage is obtained. By comparing codirections and counterdirections of optical and microwave interactions, pulse generation at 40 GHz shows that the traveling-wave performance has an advantage for short pulses with high-power output, where pulsewidth as short as 4.5 ps is obtained in this kind of device.
Mechanism of the acute pressor effect and bradycardia elicited by diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin in anesthetized rats (1998)

Diaspirin crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) is a chemically stabilized hemoglobin (Hb) that induces an increase in blood pressure and a decrease of heart rate when injected intravenously in some animals. The mechanism by which DCLHb elicits these hemodynamic effects was studied in pentobarbital-anesthetized, vagotomized rats using a variety of drugs known for their inhibitory action towards endogenous hemodynamically active systems. The hypertensive episode elicited by DCLHb (100 or 400 mg.kg-1) was attenuated in animals pretreated with NG-nitro-L-arginine (inhibitor of nitric oxide synthases) throughout the 30-min period of observation, but it was not reduced in those pretreated with a variety of sympatholytic drugs (e.g., prazosin), atropine, BIBP-3226 (neuropeptide Y antagonist), indomethacin, [1-(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentanemethylene propionic acid), 2-(0-methyl) tyrosine]-Arg8 vasopressin (vasopressin antagonist), losartan (angiotensin antagonist), bosentan (endothelin antagonist), or L-arginine-(nitric oxide precursor), compared with control animals. With the exception of propranolol and BIBP-3226, none of the aforenamed inhibitors reduced the amplitude of the bradycardia associated with the pressor effect of DCLHb. These results suggest that: (i) the acute (< 30 min) pressor activity of DCLHb in our animal model requires the presence of an endogenous nitric oxide generating system to be expressed; (ii) the bradycardia elicited by DCLHb might involve the participation of neuropeptide Y and (or) its NPY-1 receptors, but it is unlikely to involve a baroreceptor-mediated vagal reflex, at least in our animal model.
Norms as a basis for governing sociotechnical systems (2015)

We understand a sociotechnical system as a mi-crosociety in which autonomous parties interact with and about technical objects. We define gov-ernance as the administration of such a system by its participants. We develop an approach for gov-ernance based on a computational representation of norms. Our approach has the benefit of capturing stakeholder needs precisely while yielding adap-tive resource allocation in the face of changes both in stakeholder needs and the environment. In cur-rent work, we are extending this approach to tackle some challenges in cybersecurity. 1 Challenges in Sociotechnical Systems We define a sociotechnical system (STS) as a microsociety in which autonomous stakeholders interact. How can these stakeholders collaborate effectively even though their inter-ests may only be imperfectly aligned? Administering STSs is made complicated by complexity and change not only in the resources being shared but also the nature of the inter-actions among the stakeholders. We address the challenge of enabling stakeholders to administer or (self-)govern such sys-tems in a manner that respects their autonomy. A particular benefit are the resulting gains in adaptability in accommodat-ing any exceptions and opportunities. The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) [Arrott et al., 2009], which facilitates scientists and research institutions in acquiring, storing, analyzing, and sharing information from the world’s oceans, is a paradigmatic STS. Its stakeholders in-clude oceanographers, educators, and members of the public as well as research laboratories and universities. The OOI has three key features. One, autonomy: the stakeholders own and share resources such as Underwater Autonomous Vehicles (UAVs), buoys, ocean sensors, and research databases. Thus, the OOI would support collaborations in which it would not own all resources involved. Two, lifetime: a requirement for the OOI was to sustain operation for decades. Thus we must accommodate changes in stakeholder needs without relying ∗ c © ACM. Reproduced with permission. This paper is an ex-tended abstract of [Singh, 2013], which appears in the ACM Trans-
Genetic Analysis of Disulfide Isomerization in Escherichia coli : Expression of DsbC Is Modulated by RNase E-Dependent mRNA Processing (2004)

We designed a selection strategy for the isolation of Escherichia coli mutants exhibiting enhanced protein disulfide isomerase activity. The folding of a variant of tissue plasminogen activator (v-tPA), a protein containing nine disulfide bonds, in the bacterial periplasm is completely dependent on the level of disulfide isomerase activity of the cell. Mutations that increase this activity mediate the formation of catalytically active v-tPA, which in turn cleaves a p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA)-peptide adduct to release free PABA and thus allows the growth of an auxotrophic strain. Following chemical mutagenesis, a total of eight E. coli mutants exhibiting significantly higher disulfide isomerization activity, not only with v-tPA but also with two other unrelated protein substrates, were isolated. This phenotype resulted from significantly increased expression of the bacterial disulfide isomerase DsbC. In seven of the eight mutants, the upregulation of DsbC was found to be related to defects in RNA processing by RNase E, the rne gene product. Specifically, the genetic lesions in five mutants were shown to be allelic to rne, while an additional two mutants exhibited impaired RNase E activity due to lesions in other loci. The importance of mRNA stability on the expression of DsbC is underscored by the short half-life of the dsbC transcript, which was found to be only 0.8 min at 37 degrees C in wild-type cells but was two- to threefold longer in some of the stronger mutants. These results (i) confirm the central role of DsbC in disulfide bond isomerization in the bacterial periplasm and (ii) suggest a critical role for RNase E in regulating DsbC expression.
Reflectance Modulation of Metasurface Coupled to Intersubband Transitions using Voltage Controlled Quantum Tunneling (2018)

We demonstrate a fundamentally new approach of using voltage controlled quantum tunneling for modulating optical response of a metasurface coupled to intersubband transitions in semiconductor quantum wells.
Initiation of protein synthesis. 3. Factor-GTP-codon-dependent binding of F-met-tRNA to ribosomes. (1967)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Trypanosomiasis in Southern Africa with particular reference to cases seen in Johannesburg. (1977)

Various exemplary embodiments relate to a method for reallocating loading from a datacenter site to other datacenter sites in a cloud computing network using an objective function that defines a performance characteristic of the cloud computing network at each datacenter site and a derivative of the objective function, the method comprising: evaluating the derivative for each of a set of other datacenter sites; identifying based upon the evaluated derivatives a datacenter site in the set of datacenter sites that results in the smallest increase in the objective function; and reallocating loading among the datacenter site and the other datacenter sites based upon the evaluated derivatives and the identified other datacenter site.
Parameter Evaluation for the Analysis of Oxide-Based Samples with Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParameter Evaluation for the Analysis of Oxide-Based Samples with Radio Frequency Glow Discharge Mass SpectrometryS. De Gendt, Rene E. Van Grieken, S. K. Ohorodnik, and W. W. HarrisonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 6, 1026–1033Publication Date (Print):March 15, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00102a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00102a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High performance multi-layer metal-insulator-metal capacitors for future integrated circuits (2015)

This paper presents the electrical characteristics of anodically grown multi-layer dielectric stacked MIM capacitors using anodization technique. In this work, we have studied the effects of high-k materials (Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) on the device performances of multi-layer capacitors. The fabricated capacitors show a high capacitance density, low leakage current density and low VCC as per the ITRS recommendations and are suitable for future integrated circuits.
Where do thewords come from? Learning models for word choice and ordering from spoken dialog corpora (2008)

Most existing generation systems for spoken dialog require the system engineer to specify by hand the words to be used in system prompts. However, the existence of corpora of spoken dialog makes it possible to acquire the words and structure of system prompts automatically. In this paper, we construct statistical models for generating system prompts, both for word choice and for word ordering. We evaluate these models using a human-computer dialog multicorpus and a human-human dialog corpus. Our results show that statistical models for word choice can work well, while more work is needed on statistical models for word ordering.
The Complexity of TNF‐Related Apoptosis‐Inducing Ligand (2000)

One of the major goals of researchers in the field of apoptosis is to understand the molecular mechanisms of the various components of the apoptotic pathways, with the hope to identify targets for novel cancer therapies. The discovery of a TNF-related, apoptosis-inducing ligand, TRAIL, that kills transformed cells with great specificity in vitro, has provided the hope that TRAIL may be used to induce cell death in tumor cells without affecting normal tissues. However, TRAIL signaling is very complex and a clear understanding of its function is necessary before it can be used in cancer therapy. Complexity of TRAIL-induced signaling is apparent from its ubiquitous expression, its ability to interact with five receptors, and its tumor-selective induction of apoptosis. The signaling events that mediate the tumor selectivity of TRAIL-induced apoptosis and the biological functions of each of the TRAIL receptors are not well characterized. This review will focus on the complexity of TRAIL and the role of c-FLIP in mediating TRAIL function.
Success in predicting troubled projects requires an adaptable model (2011)

Software risk management is a well established discipline that has generated continued academic interest as the complexity and nature of software projects have evolved over time. Traditional risk management techniques have been focused on identifying and codifying best practices that prevent or reduce the failure rate. Large IT organizations have assimilated many of these findings in their risk management practice. However, adopting these best practices does not guarantee that risk is eliminated or even reduced to an acceptable level - new software development models driven by globalization, competition and an ever changing software landscape create new patterns of trouble. Systems that predict trouble early in the project life cycle have had significant impact on our global portfolio of thousands of projects. Managers have mitigated the risks that were identified in our system. As such, the key predictors and their importance have shifted. We have discovered that our prediction model requires frequent updates - and this was not included in our initial design. We have learned that it is equally important to design and select statistical algorithms that will support automated model retraining as a way of incorporating a feedback loop of human behavior responding to our predictions.
Cyclodextrin Reduces Cholesterol Crystal–Induced Inflammation by Modulating Complement Activation (2017)

Cholesterol crystals (CC) are abundant in atherosclerotic plaques and promote inflammatory responses via the complement system and inflammasome activation. Cyclic oligosaccharide 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (BCD) is a compound that solubilizes lipophilic substances. Recently we have shown that BCD has an anti-inflammatory effect on CC via suppression of the inflammasome and liver X receptor activation. The putative effects of BCD on CC-induced complement activation remain unknown. In this study, we found that BCD bound to CC and reduced deposition of Igs, pattern recognition molecules, and complement factors on CC in human plasma. Furthermore, BCD decreased complement activation as measured by terminal complement complex and lowered the expression of complement receptors on monocytes in whole blood in response to CC exposure. In line with this, BCD also reduced reactive oxygen species formation caused by CC in whole blood. Furthermore, BCD attenuated the CC-induced proinflammatory cytokine responses (e.g., IL-1α, MIP-1α, TNF, IL-6, and IL-8) as well as regulated a range of CC-induced genes in human PBMC. BCD also regulated complement-related genes in human carotid plaques treated ex vivo. Formation of terminal complement complex on other complement-activating structures such as monosodium urate crystals and zymosan was not affected by BCD. These data demonstrate that BCD inhibits CC-induced inflammatory responses, which may be explained by BCD-mediated attenuation of complement activation. Thus, these findings support the potential for using BCD in treatment of atherosclerosis.
Use of gEUD for predicting ear and pituitary gland damage following proton and photon radiation therapy (2015)

In this study, we have reported mean dose effects and dose-response relationship of small organs at risk (partial volumes of the inner ear and pituitary gland), which could be useful to define optimal dose constraints resulting in an improved therapeutic ratio.
Naturally Occurring and Artificial N9-Cytokinin Conjugates: From Synthesis to Biological Activity and Back (2020)

Cytokinins and their sugar or non-sugar conjugates are very active growth-promoting factors in plants, although they occur at very low concentrations. These compounds have been identified in numerous plant species. This review predominantly focuses on 9-substituted adenine-based cytokinin conjugates, both artificial and endogenous, sugar and non-sugar, and their roles in plants. Acquired information about their biological activities, interconversions, and metabolism improves understanding of their mechanisms of action and functions in planta. Although a number of 9-substituted cytokinins occur endogenously, many have also been prepared in laboratories to facilitate the clarification of their physiological roles and the determination of their biological properties. Here, we chart advances in knowledge of 9-substituted cytokinin conjugates from their discovery to current understanding and reciprocal interactions between biological properties and associated structural motifs. Current organic chemistry enables preparation of derivatives with better biological properties, such as improved anti-senescence, strong cell division stimulation, shoot forming, or more persistent stress tolerance compared to endogenous or canonical cytokinins. Many artificial cytokinin conjugates stimulate higher mass production than naturally occurring cytokinins, improve rooting, or simply have high stability or bioavailability. Thus, knowledge of the biosynthesis, metabolism, and activity of 9-substituted cytokinins in various plant species extends the scope for exploiting both natural and artificially prepared cytokinins in plant biotechnology, tissue culture, and agriculture.
Inversion of a Class of Singular Integral Operators on Entire Functions (2021)

Given constants $x, ν\in \mathbb{C}$ and the space $\mathscr{H}_0$ of entire functions in $\mathbb{C}$ vanishing at $0$, we consider the integro-differential operator $$ \mathfrak{L} = \left ( \frac{x \, ν(1-ν)}{1-x} \right ) \; δ\circ \mathfrak{M}\, , $$ with $δ= z \, \mathrm{d}/\mathrm{d}z$ and $\mathfrak{M}:\mathscr{H}_0 \rightarrow \mathscr{H}_0$ defined by $$ \mathfrak{M}f(z) = \int_0^1 e^{-z t^{-ν}(1-(1-x)t)} \, f \left (z \, t^{-ν}(1-t) \right ) \, \frac{\mathrm{d}t}{t}, \qquad z \in \mathbb{C}, $$ for any $f \in \mathscr{H}_0$. Operator $\mathfrak{L}$ originates from an inversion problem in Queuing Theory. Bringing the inversion of $\mathfrak{L}$ back to that of $\mathfrak{M}$ translates into a singular Volterra integral equation, but with no explicit kernel. In this paper, the inverse of operator $\mathfrak{L}$ is derived through a new inversion formula recently obtained for infinite matrices with entries involving Hypergeometric polynomials. For $x \notin \mathbb{R}^- \cup \{1\}$ and $\mathrm{Re}(ν) &lt; 0$, we then show that the inverse $\mathfrak{L}^{-1}$ of $\mathfrak{L}$ on $\mathscr{H}_0$ has the integral representation $$ \mathfrak{L}^{-1}g(z) = \frac{1-x}{2iπx} \, e^{z} \int_1^{(0+)} \frac{e^{-xtz}}{t(t-1)} \, g \left (z \, (-t)^ν(1-t)^{1-ν} \right ) \, \mathrm{d}t, \qquad z \in \mathbb{C}, $$ for any $g \in \mathscr{H}_0$, where the bounded integration contour in the complex plane starts at point 1 and encircles the point 0 in the positive sense. Other related integral representations of $\mathfrak{L}^{-1}$ are also provided.
Selective Enhancement of Mid-IR Quantum Dot Electroluminescent Emissions Using Defect Mode Photonic Crystal Cavities. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Automated Line Heating for Plate Forming by IHI-ALPHA System and its Application to Construction of Actual Vessels (2003)

In many shipyards, shell plates having complex curvature are formed using line heating or a combination of line heating and cold forming. These processes are effective but labor intensive. In this paper, we describe a new system that plans and carries out line heating automatically. This system, called IHI-Alpha, projects the desired curved geometry onto the original flat plate, and calculates a heating plan which includes the travel and heat input rate of the heating head. Once calculated, this heating plan is forwarded to a special shop workstation where the final curved form is then produced directly, with no iteration. This differs from the conventional process which is based on operator experience plus trial-and-error.The IHI-Alpha system has been employed in the construction of a number of vessels including bulk carriers, VLCC's, and containerships. In this paper, we introduce the system, its theoretical foundation, and how it works including both software and hardware aspects. Examples of its use in actual ship production are described. Finally, ideas for future development of this technology are discussed.
CATALOGIC 301C model – validation and improvement (2017)

In Europe, REACH legislation encourages the use of alternative in silico methods such as (Q)SAR models. According to the recent progress of Chemical Substances Control Law (CSCL) in Japan, (Q)SAR predictions are also utilized as supporting evidence for the assessment of bioaccumulation potential of chemicals along with read across. Currently, the effective use of read across and QSARs is examined for other hazards, including biodegradability. This paper describes the results of external validation and improvement of CATALOGIC 301C model based on more than 1000 tested new chemical substances of the publication schedule under CSCL. CATALOGIC 301C model meets all REACH requirements to be used for biodegradability assessment. The model formalism built on scientific understanding for the microbial degradation of chemicals has a well-defined and transparent applicability domain. The model predictions are adequate for the evaluation of the ready degradability of chemicals.