gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excitation of a Single Compound by Light and Ultrasound Enhanced the Long-Term Cure of Mice Bearing Prostate Tumors (2023)

Current treatment for prostate cancer is dependent on the stages of the cancer, recurrence, and genetic factors. Treatment varies from active surveillance or watchful waiting to prostatectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy in combination or alone. Although radical prostate cancer therapy reduces the advancement of the disease and its mortality, the increased disease treatment associated morbidity, erectile dysfunction, and incontinence affect the quality of life of cancer survivors. To overcome these problems, photodynamic therapy (PDT) has previously been investigated using Photofrin<sup>TM</sup> as a photosensitizer (PS). However, Photofrin-PDT has shown limitations in treating prostate cancer due to its limited tumor-specificity and the depth of light penetration at 630 nm (the longest wavelength absorption of Photofrin<sup>TM</sup>). The results presented herein show that this limitation can be solved by using a near infrared (NIR) compound as a photosensitizer (PS) for PDT and the same agent also acts as a sonosensitizer for SDT (using ultrasound to activate the compound). Compared to light, ultrasound has a stronger penetration ability in biological tissues. Exposing the PS (or sonosensitizer) to ultrasound (US) initiates an electron-transfer process with a biological substrate to form radicals and radical ions (type I reaction). In contrast, exposure of the PS to light (PDT) generates singlet oxygen (type II reaction). Therefore, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by SDT and PDT follow two distinct pathways, i.e., type I (oxygen independent) and type II (oxygen dependent), respectively, and results in significantly enhanced destruction of tumor cells. The preliminary in vitro and in vivo results in a PC3 cell line and tumor model indicate that the tumor specificality of the therapeutic agent(s) can be increased by targeting galectin-1 and galectin-3, known for their overexpression in prostate cancer.
Detection of human presence in a vehicle by vibration analysis (2012)

The aim of this study is to propose a complete instrumentation and signal processing method able to detect the presence of a person seated on the rear bench of a vehicle. The sensor is based on a piezoelectric film (EMFI sensor), designed to detect mechanical vibrations. In order to avoid confusion between humans and heavy objects or empty seats, the authors focused on the extraction of a biological signature from the acquired signals. This physiological pattern was extracted using an original wavelet denoising algorithm and was used further as a matched filter, in order to detect human presence in the vibration signals. Physiologically significant features were extracted from the output of the (on-line) filtering process and fed further-on into a classical Bayes-based classifier. After training, the proposed method yielded very promising results, the output of the classifier being almost error-free for different acquisition conditions (stopped and on-road vehicle, new and artificially aged sensor).
Identification of larval-stage-specific antigens ofOnchocerca volvulusuniquely recognized by putative immune sera from humans and vaccination sera from animal models (1997)

Immunity to Onchocerca volvulus is indicated by the existence of putative immune individuals (PI), who do not develop patent infections or clinical symptoms after living in endemic areas for extended periods of time. To gain insight into the nature of the humoral response of PI from Liberia and Ecuador, their sera and those of infected individuals were investigated and compared using western blots. The antigen preparations used were extracts of third- and fourth-stage larvae (L3 and L4, respectively), excretory-secretory proteins (ES-L3) and extracts of third-stage larvae (L3-day2) that had been cultured for 2 days, and extracts of nodular and skin microfilariae. Whereas some antigens were commonly recognized by all individuals, many stage-specific antigens (of 68, 60, 55, 46, 43, 42, 20 and 18 kDa in L3; 100, 88, 80, 50, 48, 45, 40 and 20 kDa in L3-day2; 110, 80 and 72 kDa in ES-L3; 48, 18, 16 and 14 kDa in L4; and 115, 60, 47, 43 and 17 kDa in skin and/or nodular microfilariae) were uniquely recognized by sera from PI. Some of the unique antigens were also recognized by sera from mice and a chimpanzee that were resistant to challenge after immunization with irradiated third-stage larvae. The results support the validity of the assumption that a unique status of immunity develops in certain individuals living in areas where onchocerciasis is endemic.
5G New Radio Evolution Meets Satellite Communications: Opportunities, Challenges, and Solutions (2019)

The 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) completed the first global 5th generation (5G) new radio (NR) standard in its Release 15, paving the way for making 5G a commercial reality. So, what is next in NR evolution to further expand the 5G ecosystem? Enabling 5G NR to support satellite communications is one direction under exploration in 3GPP. There has been a resurgence of interest in providing connectivity from space, stimulated by technology advancement and demand for ubiquitous connectivity services. The on-going evolution of 5G standards provides a unique opportunity to revisit satellite communications. In this article, we provide an overview of use cases and a primer on satellite communications. We identify key technical challenges faced by 5G NR evolution for satellite communications and give some preliminary ideas for how to overcome them.
Nanometrology of delignifiedPopulususing mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy (2011)

The study of the spatially resolved physical and compositional properties of materials at the nanoscale is increasingly challenging due to the level of complexity of biological specimens such as those of interest in bioenergy production. Mode synthesizing atomic force microscopy (MSAFM) has emerged as a promising metrology tool for such studies. It is shown that, by tuning the mechanical excitation of the probe-sample system, MSAFM can be used to dynamically investigate the multifaceted complexity of plant cells. The results are argued to be of importance both for the characteristics of the invoked synthesized modes and for accessing new features of the samples. As a specific system to investigate, we present images of Populus, before and after a holopulping treatment, a crucial step in the biomass delignification process.
Microwave-Assisted Solution–Liquid–Solid Synthesis of Single-Crystal Copper Indium Sulfide Nanowires (2015)

Chalcopyrite copper indium sulfide (CuInS2) is an important semiconductor with a bandgap optimal for terrestrial solar energy conversion. Building photovoltaic and microelectronic devices using one-dimensional CuInS2 nanowires can offer directional conduits for rapid and undisrupted charge transport. Currently, single-crystal CuInS2 nanowires can be prepared only using vapor-based methods. Here, we report, for the first time, the synthesis of single-crystal CuInS2 nanowires using a microwave-assisted solution–liquid–solid (MASLS) method. We show that CuInS2 nanowires with diameters of less than 10 nm can be prepared at a rapid rate of 33 nm s–1 to more than 10 μm long in less than 10 min, producing a high mass yield of 31%. We further show that the nanowires are free of structural defects and have a near-stoichiometric composition. The success of MASLS in preparing high-quality tertiary nanowires is explained by a eutectic growth mechanism involving an overheated alloy catalyst.
Structural aspects of small peptides. Synthesis and characterization of protected homo‐oligomers derived from L‐alanine (1975)

Abstract A series of protected L ‐alanine homo‐oligomers from dimer to heptamer was prepared by the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide and acyl azide coupling methods. In the course of the synthetic approach tert ‐butoxycarbonyl as the N ‐protecting and methyl ester as the C ‐protecting end groups were employed. The monodisperse oligomers prepared in this manner were characterized and found to be chemically pure. A polarimetric investigation in a structure disrupting solvent also indicated that all reactions proceeded with complete retention of the configuration. In addition, the dependence of the experimental molar rotation values at 589 nm of L ‐alanine internal residues in a polypeptide in a statistical coil conformation on the end groups of the molecule and the solvent is emphasized.
Interferons limit inflammatory responses by induction of tristetraprolin (2006)

Interferons (IFNs) are cytokines with pronounced proinflammatory properties. Here we provide evidence that IFNs also play a key role in decline of inflammation by inducing expression of tristetraprolin (Ttp). TTP is an RNA-binding protein that destabilizes several AU-rich element-containing mRNAs including TNFalpha. By promoting mRNA decay, TTP significantly contributes to cytokine homeostasis. Now we report that IFNs strongly stimulate expression of TTP if a costimulatory stress signal is provided. IFN-induced expression of Ttp depends on the IFN-activated transcription factor STAT1, and the costimulatory stress signal requires p38 MAPK. Within the Ttp promoter we have identified a functional gamma interferon-activated sequence that recruits STAT1. Consistently, STAT1 is required for full expression of Ttp in response to LPS that stimulates both p38 MAPK and, indirectly, interferon signaling. We demonstrate that in macrophages IFN-induced TTP protein limits LPS-stimulated expression of several proinflammatory genes, such as TNFalpha, IL-6, Ccl2, and Ccl3. Thus, our findings establish a link between interferon responses and TTP-mediated mRNA decay during inflammation, and propose a novel immunomodulatory role of IFNs.
Continuum of structure between solution, gel and solid forms of chitosan at the origin of peculiar biological properties (2007)

International audience
Cadaveric Evaluation of Minimally Invasive Posterolateral Thoracic Corpectomy (2009)

Minimally invasive thoracic corpectomy is feasible and a 6 cm approach off of midline appears optimal.
Shadowing-Based Antenna Selection for V2V Communications (2018)

Antenna selection (AS) is considered as an ideal approach for improving the performance of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications, while satisfying the hardware and power limitations that exist in vehicles. However, the promised gain over single antenna schemes is affected by the fast varying wireless channel, since AS is frequently performed using outdated versions of the signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, we propose an AS scheme that exploits the stationarity of large scale fading. In particular, by adopting shadowing information as an AS criterion, the negative consequences of the outdated channel state information (CSI) can be alleviated, since large-scale fading varies more slowly as compared to small-scale fading. The performance of the proposed technique is analyzed using the criterion of outage probability. It is shown that the new scheme outperforms the corresponding one that is based on outdated CSI, especially in scenarios with mild channel conditions, in terms of fading/shadowing severity. Moreover, empirical results have been used to verify the effectiveness of the considered shadowing model.
Low-loss Subwavelength Grating Waveguide Bends Based on Index Engineering (2016)

We report the design, simulation and experimental demonstration of low loss subwavelength grating waveguide (SWG) bends. With trapezoidal shape silicon pillars, the average insertion loss of a 5μm SWG waveguide bend is reduced drastically from 5.43 dB to 1.10 dB per 90° bend for quasi-TE polarization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of a Lacunar Bis(isothiocyanato)cobalt(III) Cyclidene Complex: A Structural Model for Distal Steric Effects in Hemoproteins. (1987)

Abstract The title complexes (I) and (II) (for comparison) are prepared starting with the corresponding Co(II) compounds without axial ligands in MeCN by reaction with NaSCN and oxidation by Ce(IV) ions.
The application of ZnOx thin films for the transparent conducting films and the SAW deveices. (1990)

Zinc oxide thin films were well known to grow parallel to the C-axis, a (002) oriented film, on various substrates. To utilize for the SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) devices, a (110) textured and high resistivity films are necessary. By considering the binding style, the (110) oriented film devices could be obtained. In this paper, the resistivity controlling of ZnO films having the controlled texture to apply for the SAW filter and the transparent conducting film is discussed.
Polar Polymeric Stationary Phases for Normal-Phase HPLC Based on Monodisperse Macroporous Poly(2,3-dihydroxypropyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) Beads (2003)

The effect of variables such as shape template size, porogen composition and percentage, content of cross-linking monomer, and polymerization temperature on the properties of uniformly sized 3-microm porous poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads prepared by the staged templated suspension polymerization technique has been studied. The porous properties of the beads including surface morphology, pore size distribution, and specific surface area have been optimized to obtain highly efficient stationary phases for normal-phase HPLC. A column packed with diol stationary phase obtained by hydrolysis of poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) beads affords an efficiency of 67,000 plates/m for toluene using THF as the mobile phase. The retention properties and selectivity of the diol beads are easily modulated by changes in the composition of the mobile phase. The performance of these beads is demonstrated with the separations of a variety of polar compounds including positional isomers, aniline derivatives, and basic tricyclic antidepressant drugs.
Extremely potent monoclonal antibodies neutralize Omicron and other SARS-CoV-2 variants (2022)

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has triggered a devastating global health, social and economic crisis. The RNA nature and broad circulation of this virus facilitate the accumulation of mutations, leading to the continuous emergence of variants of concern with increased transmissibility or pathogenicity <sup>1</sup> . This poses a major challenge to the effectiveness of current vaccines and therapeutic antibodies <sup>1, 2</sup> . Thus, there is an urgent need for effective therapeutic and preventive measures with a broad spectrum of action, especially against variants with an unparalleled number of mutations such as the recently emerged Omicron variant, which is rapidly spreading across the globe <sup>3</sup> . Here, we used combinatorial antibody phage-display libraries from convalescent COVID-19 patients to generate monoclonal antibodies against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with ultrapotent neutralizing activity. One such antibody, NE12, neutralizes an early isolate, the WA-1 strain, as well as the Alpha and Delta variants with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations at picomolar level. A second antibody, NA8, has an unusual breadth of neutralization, with picomolar activity against both the Beta and Omicron variants. The prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of NE12 and NA8 was confirmed in preclinical studies in the golden Syrian hamster model. Analysis by cryo-EM illustrated the structural basis for the neutralization properties of NE12 and NA8. Potent and broadly neutralizing antibodies against conserved regions of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein may play a key role against future variants of concern that evade immune control.
Effectiveness of Normal and Angled Slot Cooling (2004)

An experimental and numerical investigation was conducted to determine the film cooling effectiveness of a normal slot and angled slot under realistic engine Mach number conditions. Freestream Mach numbers of 0.65 and 1.3 were tested. For the normal slot, hot gas ingestion into the slot was observed at low blowing ratios (M &amp;lt; 0.25). At high blowing ratios (M &amp;gt; 0.6) the cooling film was observed to “lift off” from the surface. For the 30° angled slot, the data was found to collapse using the blowing ratio as a scaling parameter. Results from the current experiment were compared with the subsonic data previously published. For the angle slot, at supersonic freestream Mach number, the current experiment shows that at the same x/Ms, the film-cooling effectiveness increases by as much as 25% as compared to the subsonic case. The results of the experiment also show that at the same x/Ms, the film cooling effectiveness of the angle slot is considerably higher than the normal slot, at both subsonic and supersonic Mach numbers. The flow physics for the slot tests considered here are also described with computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations in the subsonic and supersonic regimes.
On the capacity of an infinite cascade of channels (2005)

We consider communication through an infinite cascade of identical discrete memoryless channels. We allow the source and destination nodes to use coding schemes of arbitrary complexity, but restrict the intermediate (relay) nodes to process blocks of a fixed blocklength. We calculate the optimal end-to-end rate, maximized over all possible processings at the relays, and show that it coincides with the end-to-end zero-error capacity. The optimal processing is shown to be identical at each relay and to correspond to a zero-error code. We also show that the rate of convergence to the asymptotic value is exponential in the length of the cascade. 1
Development of terrestrial DMB transmission system based on Eureka-147 DAB system (2005)

This paper introduces T-DMB transmission system in Korea based on Eureka-147 DAB and presents a new architecture of transmission system for digital multimedia services. For transmission of the digital multimedia contents in mobile environment by using the existing DAB, we developed a T-DMB processor which performs T-DMB encoding and insertion of the media stream into the existing DAB transmission system. After the implemented T-DMB processor can be connected to the front of the commercial Eureka-J47 DAB system, and the performance of the T-DMB system is confirmed through the T-DMB experimental broadcasting in Korea.
‘Some kind of innocence’ (2015)

The Beatles Book had been overlooked in both academic research and popular biographies of the Beatles. Over 77 monthly issues between 1963 and 1979, the magazine told the Beatles story at it happened, giving modern readers a unique chance to follow the story without hindsight. This article looks in detail at the content of the magazine and its historical and social context: its beginnings as a form of ‘pop propaganda’, issues of fandom and the communication between fans and the band and the treatment of the change in the Beatles image in early 1967.
Essential role of hypodermal PMP-4 in regulating axon morphology and locomotion in a Caenorhabditis elegans modelo of X-ALD (2015)

Trabajo presentado en la V Spanish Worm Meeting, celebrada en Salamanca el 5 y 6 de marzo de 2015.
Kuwanon V Inhibits Proliferation, Promotes Cell Survival and Increases Neurogenesis of Neural Stem Cells (2015)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into neurons and glia. Regulation of NSC fate by small molecules is important for the generation of a certain type of cell. The identification of small molecules that can induce new neurons from NSCs could facilitate regenerative medicine and drug development for neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we screened natural compounds to identify molecules that are effective on NSC cell fate determination. We found that Kuwanon V (KWV), which was isolated from the mulberry tree (Morus bombycis) root, increased neurogenesis in rat NSCs. In addition, during NSC differentiation, KWV increased cell survival and inhibited cell proliferation as shown by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine pulse experiments, Ki67 immunostaining and neurosphere forming assays. Interestingly, KWV enhanced neuronal differentiation and decreased NSC proliferation even in the presence of mitogens such as epidermal growth factor and fibroblast growth factor 2. KWV treatment of NSCs reduced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, increased mRNA expression levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, down-regulated Notch/Hairy expression levels and up-regulated microRNA miR-9, miR-29a and miR-181a. Taken together, our data suggest that KWV modulates NSC fate to induce neurogenesis, and it may be considered as a new drug candidate that can regenerate or protect neurons in neurodegenerative diseases.
Cathepsin g Degrades Both Glycosylated and Unglycosylated Regions of Lubricin, a Synovial Mucin (2020)

Lubricin (PRG4) is a mucin type protein that plays an important role in maintaining normal joint function by providing lubrication and chondroprotection. Improper lubricin modification and degradation has been observed in idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA), while the detailed mechanism still remains unknown. We hypothesized that the protease cathepsin G (CG) may participate in degrading lubricin in synovial fluid (SF). The presence of endogenous CG in SF was confirmed in 16 patients with knee OA. Recombinant human lubricin (rhPRG4) and native lubricin purified from the SF of patients were incubated with exogenous CG and lubricin degradation was monitored using western blot, staining by Coomassie or Periodic Acid-Schiff base in gels, and with proteomics. Full length lubricin (∼300 kDa), was efficiently digested with CG generating a 25-kDa protein fragment, originating from the densely glycosylated mucin domain (∼250 kDa). The 25-kDa fragment was present in the SF from OA patients, and the amount was increased after incubation with CG. A CG digest of rhPRG4 revealed 135 peptides and 72 glycopeptides, and confirmed that the protease could cleave in all domains of lubricin, including the mucin domain. Our results suggest that synovial CG may take part in the degradation of lubricin, which could affect the pathological decrease of the lubrication in degenerative joint disease.
Label‐Free and Ultra‐Low Level Detection of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2009)

Abstract An immunosensor for rapid and low level detection of the bacterial pathogen Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium was designed and developed based upon label‐free electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and correlated to viable cell counts. The immunosensor was fabricated by electroplating gold onto a disposable printed circuit board (PCB) electrode by immobilizing monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific against Salmonella typhimurium cell surface lipopolysaccharide (LPS) onto the surface of the electrode. Use of mass‐fabricated and electroplated PCB electrodes allowed for disposable, highly sensitive, and rapid detection of Salmonella in an aqueous environment. Results demonstrate that in purified solution, Salmonella can be detected as low as 10 CFU in a 100 μL volume and label‐free and rapid manner in fewer than 90 s. The cost effective approach described here can be used for detection of pathogens with relevance for healthcare, food, and environmental applications.