gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery Based on Preoperative, Mean Intraoperative and Stratified Cerebral Oximetry Values (2021)

Lower preoperative rSO<sub>2</sub> and mean intraoperative rSO<sub>2</sub> were associated with poor outcomes, notably leading to a significant increase in hospital LOS. Mild degrees of cerebral ischemia below the baseline and minus 10% of the baseline during surgery were well tolerated.
Dynamic mechanical properties of cyclohexane-based glass-forming liquid crystals and a linear side chain polymer analogue (1996)

Abstract A nematic and a cholesteric liquid crystal, both derived from trans-1,3,5-cyclohexanetri-carboxylic acid, and a linear side chain polymer analogue were characterized in terms of storage (G″) and loss (G″) moduli as functions of frequency and temperature. It was found that all three model compounds show a shear shinning flow behaviour with zero shear viscosities of the low molar mass systems significantly less than that of the polymer system at the same reduced temperature, T/T g. With shift factors prescribed by the WLF equation, both the G″ and G″ data of all three compounds are adequately represented by master curves. Furthermore, within the framework of the stretched exponential model, the relaxation behaviours of the low molar mass systems are well described by a single Maxwell element, whereas the polymer system shows a relatively broad distribution of relaxation times. The observed viscoelastic properties suggest a relative ease of material processing of the low molar mass systems compared to the polymer analogue due to a lower zero shear viscosity and a single relaxation time characterizing the dynamics of response to a mechanical or thermal stimulus.
Novel machine learning models outperform risk scores in predicting hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with chronic viral hepatitis (2022)

Novel machine learning models generated accurate risk scores for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic viral hepatitis. HCC ridge score was consistently more accurate than existing HCC risk scores. These models may be incorporated into electronic medical health systems to develop appropriate cancer surveillance strategies and reduce cancer death.
Sputtered stoichiometric TeO2 glass films: Dispersion of linear and nonlinear optical properties (2003)

We report on the optical characterization of TeO2 amorphous films deposited by radio-frequency (rf) reactive sputtering. X-ray diffraction, electronic microscopy, and Rutherford backscattering analysis have been performed in order to assess the structural and compositional properties of the samples. The linear optical characterization has been performed by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry at wavelengths between 260 and 1700 nm, leading to determination of the dispersion of the complex refractive index for sputtered tellurium dioxide. In the spectral range of transparency, between 1700 and 500 nm, refractive index values ranging from 2.05 to 2.16 have been obtained. The dispersion of the complex third-order nonlinear optical coefficient of the sample has been evaluated in the near-infrared spectral range by third harmonic generation measurements. The out-of-resonance value of the χ(3) coefficient for TeO2 is in the range between 1.2×10−12 and 1.4×10−12 esu. The conjugation of optical transparency, high nonlinear refractive index and the possibility of growing films of good optical quality, make rf sputtered TeO2 a promising material for the implementation of devices for the processing of optical communication signals.
Cell Sensing Margin of Lead-Free (Bi,La)<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>3</sub>O<sub>12</sub>Thin Film Deposited on MTP Cell Structure in High Density FeRAM Device (2006)

A 16Mb 1-transistor /1-capacitor (1T1C) FeRAM device was fabricated with lead-free Bi3.25La0.75Ti3.0O12 (BLT) capacitors. The key integration processes contain a scalable MTP (Merged Top-electrode and Plate-line) cell structure and reliable BLT ferroelectric capacitors. Ferroelectric properties of BLT films were optimized on the newly developed MTP cell structure. BLT films were coated on Pt/IrOx/Ir bottom electrode using sol-gel solutions. The composition of the optimized BLT film was about Bi3.25La0.75Ti3.0O12. The switchable polarization obtained in a 100nm-thick BLT film was about 20 µC/cm2 at the 3 V applied voltage, and the optimized BLT film showed a few fatigue losses about 10% up to 1 × 1011 cycles. The imprint properties of the BLT film were also characterized at 25°C and 90°C operating temperature after 125°C data storage. The average cell signal sensing margin between data "1" and data "0" was measured to be about 900 mV, which is a sufficiently large margin for device operation.
Visualization of the protein corona: towards a biomolecular understanding of nanoparticle-cell-interactions (2017)

The use of nanocarriers in biology and medicine is complicated by the current need to understand how nanoparticles interact in complex biological surroundings. When nanocarriers come into contact with serum, proteins immediately adsorb onto their surface, forming a protein corona which defines their biological identity. Although the composition of the protein corona has been widely determined by proteomics, its morphology still remains unclear. In this study we show for the first time the morphology of the protein corona using transmission electron microscopy. We are able to demonstrate that the protein corona is not, as commonly supposed, a dense, layered shell coating the nanoparticle, but an undefined, loose network of proteins. Additionally, we are now able to visualize and discriminate between the soft and hard corona using centrifugation-based separation techniques together with proteomic characterization. The protein composition of the ∼15 nm hard corona strongly depends on the surface chemistry of the respective nanomaterial, thus further affecting cellular uptake and intracellular trafficking. Large diameter protein corona resulting from pre-incubation with soft corona or Apo-A1 inhibits cellular uptake, confirming the stealth-effect mechanism. In summary, the knowledge on protein corona formation, composition and morphology is essential to design therapeutic effective nanoparticle systems.
ChemInform Abstract: TRAPPING OF FREE ALKYL RADICAL INTERMEDIATES IN THE REACTION OF ALKYL BROMDIES WITH MAGNESIUM (1980)

Abstract Das Alkylbromid (I) reagiert in Diethylether bei 34°C in Gegenwart von tert.‐Butanol undTetramethylpiperidinoxyl‐Radikalen mit Mg hauptsächlich zum Kopplungsprodukt (II) und dem Alkan (III).
Dynamic morphology of metastatic mouse T‐lymphoma cells invading through monolayers of 10T½ cells (1991)

We have used an in vitro model system to analyze cytomechanical aspects of tissue infiltration by T-lymphocytes. The interaction of metastatic T-lymphoma cells with a precultured monolayer of 10T1/2 fibroblast-like cells was recorded in time-lapse video with alternating phase contrast and reflection interference contrast microscopy. Sectioning of embedded specimens as well as cytoskeletal stainings have been performed on matching cocultures. The lymphoma cells did not strongly attach or spread on the dorsal surface of the monolayer cells. Invasion started with the protrusion of a pseudopodium through a narrow gap, and conspicuous constriction of the invading cell's body and nucleus was a consistent feature during the later steps. Overt retraction of the target cells was not seen, but the invading lymphoma cells elevated the fibroblasts over relatively large areas, thereby creating dome-shaped open spaces, allowing for further migration under the monolayer with minimal resistance. Invasion was not unidirectional but was readily reversible at any stage. Due to this wavering character, an invasion event could take more than 1 hour, although the shape alterations involved were fast. Even after the invasion process had been completed, the lymphoma cells could come out from below the monolayer again. Therefore we propose that invasion in this model should be considered as a dynamic equilibrium. Invading T-lymphoma cells displayed diffuse F-actin staining and a well-organized microtubular complex with the centrosomes behind the nucleus in the uropod, which also contained most vesicular organelles.
Measles Virus Vaccine–Infected Tumor Cells Induce Tumor Antigen Cross-Presentation by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2013)

Altogether, our results suggest that the use of measles virus vaccine in antitumor virotherapy induces immunogenic tumor cell death, allowing pDC to mature, produce high amounts of IFN-α, and cross-present tumor antigen, thus representing a mode of recruiting these antigen-presenting cells in the immune response. Clin Cancer Res; 19(5); 1147-58. ©2012 AACR.
Analysis of interferon type I receptor activation using cytokine receptor chimeras (2001)

Abstract n°122
Complement component 5 does not interfere with physiological hemostasis but is essential forEscherichia coli-induced coagulation accompanied by Toll-like receptor 4 (2018)

There is a close cross-talk between complement, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and coagulation. The role of the central complement component 5 (C5) in physiological and pathophysiological hemostasis has not, however, been fully elucidated. This study examined the effects of C5 in normal hemostasis and in Escherichia coli-induced coagulation and tissue factor (TF) up-regulation. Fresh whole blood obtained from six healthy donors and one C5-deficient individual (C5D) was anti-coagulated with the thrombin inhibitor lepirudin. Blood was incubated with or without E. coli in the presence of the C5 inhibitor eculizumab, a blocking anti-CD14 monoclonal antibody (anti-CD14) or the TLR-4 inhibitor eritoran. C5D blood was reconstituted with purified human C5. TF mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and monocyte TF and CD11b surface expression by flow cytometry. Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (PTF1·2) in plasma and microparticles exposing TF (TF-MP) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Coagulation kinetics were analyzed by rotational thromboelastometry and platelet function by PFA-200. Normal blood with eculizumab as well as C5D blood with or without reconstitution with C5 displayed completely normal biochemical hemostatic patterns. In contrast, E. coli-induced TF mRNA and TF-MP were significantly reduced by C5 inhibition. C5 inhibition combined with anti-CD14 or eritoran completely inhibited the E. coli-induced monocyte TF, TF-MP and plasma PTF1·2. Addition of C5a alone did not induce TF expression on monocytes. In conclusion, C5 showed no impact on physiological hemostasis, but substantially contributed to E. coli-induced procoagulant events, which were abolished by the combined inhibition of C5 and CD14 or TLR-4.
Harvesting Downstream Energy to Improve Efficiency: Creating Apparent Discharge Coefficients of Jet Nozzles Greater Than 1.3 (2013)

Fluid movement devices use upstream energy to move fluid from one location to another. Flow nozzles that slightly accelerate fluid motion, especially into the same direction, often exhibit discharge coefficients greater than 1.0. Jet nozzles, however, by definition, create a jet stream that is much faster than the upstream fluid, often exceeding 100-fold higher velocities. Energy used to move this fluid is often very high; jetting efficiencies are generally less than 1.0 and will only approach 1.0 if the shape of the entrance is such that there is no “vena contracta” within its flow regime inside the nozzle. High-pressure nozzles require high horsepower to generate high-velocity fluids. As is commonly performed, power is created using high-powered pumping equipment. Oftentimes, nozzles are used to jet in locations that have high ambient pressures, such as at the bottom of the ocean or inside a deep oil well. At these locations, the hydrostatic pressures could be very high. Pressure at the upstream side of the nozzle would be even higher. This paper discusses the design and use of a unique nozzle that uses the hydrostatic (potential) energy to accelerate the fluid velocity of the jet. In essence, the nozzle uses the downstream energy to perform part of its job, thus, substantially reducing the upstream pressure requirement. This phenomenon was proven to occur using CFD analysis. Laboratory tests have shown apparent discharge coefficients between 1.38 and 1.69, depending on the downstream pressure.
Diff in the Loop: Supporting Data Comparison in Exploratory Data Analysis (2022)

Data science is characterized by evolution: since data science is exploratory, results evolve from moment to moment; since it can be collaborative, results evolve as the work changes hands. While existing tools help data scientists track changes in code, they provide less support for understanding the iterative changes that the code produces in the data. We explore the idea of visualizing differences in datasets as a core feature of exploratory data analysis, a concept we call Diff in the Loop (DITL). We evaluated DITL in a user study with 16 professional data scientists and found it helped them understand the implications of their actions when manipulating data. We summarize these findings and discuss how the approach can be generalized to different data science workflows.
Modeling human activity comprehension at human scale: Prediction, segmentation, and categorization (2022)

Humans form sequences of event models—representations of the immediate situation—topredict how activity will unfold. Multiple mechanisms have been proposed for how the cognitivesystem determines when to segment the stream of behavior and switch from one active eventmodel to another. Here we use a large-scale naturalistic dataset to compare two candidategating mechanisms for model updating: prediction uncertainty and prediction error. Weconstructed a computational model combining a recurrent neural network for short-termdynamics with Bayesian inference over event types for event-to-event transitions. Thisarchitecture learns event schemas representing knowledge about event types and uses them,along with observed perceptual information, to construct a series of event models. Thisarchitecture was trained on one pass through an 18-hour corpus of naturalistic human activity.Another 3.5 hours of activities were used to test each variant for agreement with humansegmentation and categorization. The architecture was able to learn to predict human activity,and it developed human-like segmentation and categorization. We then compared two variantsof this architecture designed to better emulate human event segmentation: one transitionedwhen the active event schema produced high uncertainty in its prediction; the other transitionedwhen the active event schema produced a large prediction error. The variant that transitionedfrom one active event schema to another based on prediction uncertainty provided the closestmatch to human segmentation and forming human-like event categories—despite being givenno feedback about segmentation or categorization. These results establish that event modeltransitioning based on prediction uncertainty can naturally reproduce two important features ofhuman event comprehension.
Inspection of Large Area and Large Volume Optics by Raster Scanning (1988)

Scattered light is a problem in many optical systems. Increasingly, scatter is becoming recognized as the real issue with component specifications written in terms of the BSDF (bidirectional scatter distribution function) instead of the often less appropriate surface finish parameters (rms roughness, etc)[1,2]. Additionally, the presence of light scatter from a local area, on an otherwise uniform optic, indicates the presence of a defect or a contamination site. Unfortunately, complete sample coverage by full angle BSDF inspection is often impractical due to time and cost limitations imposed by sample size and/or sample numbers. For these situations a raster scanning technique which rapidly covers the required area may be the best solution. Raster data provides valuable insights into sample non-uniformity caused by production processes and contamination.
Palladium-catalysed direct polyheteroarylation of di- or tribromobenzene derivatives: a one step synthesis of conjugated poly(hetero)aromatics (2011)

The palladium catalysed polyheteroarylation of benzene, biphenyl, fluorene, naphthalene or antracene derivatives via C–H bond functionalisation allows the synthesis of a wide variety of functionalised conjugated poly(hetero)aromatics in only one step. This simple method provides a powerful tool to material chemists allowing to tune easily the physical properties of materials.
A strategy for research projects to impact standards and regulatory bodies: The approach of the EU-funded project MiWaveS (2015)

This paper proposes a strategy, described via a process, which can help collaborative research projects impact standards and engage with regulatory bodies. The process is being successfully used by a running EU-funded project that is taken as a concrete example of how to link in a proper way innovation and pre-development activities to standards. The proposed methodology has a general validity and can be adopted by any other research project, working on new enabling technologies far ahead from market launch, aiming at the broadest possible deployment of such technologies and willing to impact effectively both the research and the industry ecosystems.
Deep Rainrate Estimation from Highly Attenuated Downlink Signals of Ground-Based Communications Satellite Terminals (2020)

While the use of weather radars to continuously monitor the spatiotemporal dynamics of precipitation has grown in recent years, these systems are expensive and sparsely deployed across the world. In this context, densely located ground-based terminals for interactive satellite services have the potential for dual-use as weather sensors because they measure rain-attenuated power of the downlink signal. Although in the millimeter-wave regime, the rain rate has almost a linear relationship with specific attenuation, lack of other weather radar observables at satellite terminals imposes a daunting task of extracting rainfall rate from these highly attenuated signals. We address this problem by designing a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) that learns the relationship between the signal attenuation and rainfall rate observed by weather radars and rain gauges at a given location. During the prediction stage, the CNN accepts downlink attenuation as input and classifies the rain intensity which is then used to apply an appropriate rainfall estimator. Our experiments with real data show that, despite severe attenuation, CNN-based downlink rainfall accumulations closely follow the nearest C-band German weather service Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD) radar.
Surface-modified cyanide-based transition metal compounds (2023)

A system, method, and articles of manufacture for a surface-modified transition metal cyanide coordination compound (TMCCC) composition, an improved electrode including the composition, and a manufacturing method for the composition. The composition, compound, device, and uses thereof according to A.sub.xMn.sub.(y-k)M.sup.j.sub.k[Mn.sup.m(CN).sub.(6-p-q)(NC).sub.p(Che).- sup.r.sub.q].sub.z.(Che).sup.r.sub.w(Vac).sub.(1-z).nH.sub.2O (wherein Vac is a Mn(CN).sub.(6-p-q)(NC).sub.p(Che).sup.r.sub.q vacancy); wherein Che is an acid chelating agent; wherein: A=Na, K, Li; and M=Mg, Al, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Pd, Ag, Cd, In, Sn, Pb; and wherein 0<j.ltoreq.4; 0.ltoreq.k.ltoreq.0.1; 0.ltoreq.(p+q)<6; 0<x.ltoreq.4; 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1; 0<z.ltoreq.1; 0<w.ltoreq.0.2; 0<n.ltoreq.6; -3.ltoreq.r.ltoreq.3; and wherein: x+2(y-k)+jk+(m+(r+1)q-6)z+wr=0.
gamma-Glutamyl hydrolase and folylpolyglutamate synthetase activities predict polyglutamylation of methotrexate in acute leukemias. (1997)

Decreased methotrexate (MTX) long-chain polyglutamate formation is associated with MTX resistance whereas high levels of MTX polyglutamate accumulation are found in the blasts of leukemia patients who respond to therapy and have improved outcome. The steady-state level of long-chain MTX polyglutamates depends on the balance of activities of two enzymes: folylpolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), which adds glutamates to MTX in a gamma-carboxyl linkage, and gamma-glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) or conjugase, which sequentially removes the terminal glutamate residue of MTX polyglutamates. FPGS and GGH activities as well as the formation of total and long-chain MTX polyglutamates were measured after incubation with [3H]MTX in 15 blast samples from patients with acute leukemias (myeloid and lymphoid). The ratio between GGH and FPGS activities was better at predicting the amount of polyglutamate accumulated in the 24-h [3H]MTX assay compared to the determination of either activity alone. The linear regression curve relating the relative levels of long-chain polyglutamates/total polyglutamates with the ratio of GGH/FPGS showed an r value of 0.81 (P < 0.001). These data suggest that the evaluation of both these enzymes at diagnosis may be used as a predictor of MTX polyglutamylation and therefore for response to MTX therapy and outcome.
P4–301: A systematic evaluation of the preclinical pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship of Alzheimer's disease gold standard drugs in the rat: An in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo comparison (2013)

There are only four drugs (donepezil, (Aricept), galantamine (Reminyl ®), rivastigmine (Exelon ®) and memantine (Namenda ®)) clinically-approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Considering the widespread use of these drugs as pre-clinical 'AD gold standards', very few preclinical studies have systematically characterised the four drugs side-by-side and related their pharmacodynamic (PD) efficacy to pharmacokinetic (PK) activity. The present studies systematically evaluated the PK/PD relationship of each drug in order to recommend clinically-relevant, translational doses for future preclinical studies within the IMI PharmaCog consortium. Male Lister hooded rats were pre-treated with 3 active doses of each drug (n =27 per dose; donepezil 0.3–1–3; galantamine 0.63–2.5–5; rivastigmine 0.3–1–3 or memantine 1–10–30; all mg/kg; i.p.) were used throughout. Brain and plasma samples were taken at variable intervals up to 24 hr later. For donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine, an optimized Ellman method (1961) was used to determine acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. For memantine, brain NMDA receptor occupancy was assessed using an ex vivo [3 H]MK-801 binding assay. Open-field locomotor activity (LMA) was measured automatically (EthoVisonXT 8) for 90 min after dosing (n =12 per dose) and samples taken at 95 min. Donepezil was the most potent drug in vitro followed by galantamine and rivastigmine (IC 50 plasma = 0.009 < 0.77 < 14.2 μM, brain = 0.01 < 1.5 < 7.6μM). Rivastigmine was the most potent drug ex vivo followed by donepezil and galantamine (IC 50 plasma = 0.001 < 0.11 < 3.92 μM; brain IC 50 = 0.003 < 0.0076μM). Differences in activity at butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), time-dependency of action and reversibility were also seen in vitro and ex vivo. Memantine occupied brain NMDA receptors in a dose-dependant manner with an IC 50 = 6μM. Significant impairments in LMA were seen following 3mg/kg donepezil, 2.5 - 5mg/kg galantamine and 3mg/kg rivastigmine. Memantine increased LMA at 1 but decreased at 3mg/kg. Systematic characterisation of each AChE inhibitor revealed multiple differences in their preclinical in vitro and ex vivo mechanism of action. Donepezil, whilst not the most potent, was deemed the most robust AChE inhibitor with the biggest efficacy vs. side-effect margin at optimal doses of 1mg/kg. Memantine demonstrated considerable, clinically-relevant activity and exposure at 1mg/kg.