gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effect of insulin and insulin deficiency on the transport and metabolism of glucose by rat small intestine (1971)

1. Insulin deficiency induced by anti-insulin serum or streptozotocin increased glucose absorption, as measured in everted sacs of rat upper ileum incubated for 30 min with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit bicarbonate medium.2. Everted sacs prepared from the terminal ileum of insulin-deficient rats were able to accumulate glucose against a concentration gradient (i.e. development of active glucose transport).3. In experimental diabetes induced by streptozotocin, everted sacs of upper ileum showed increased 3-methyl glucose active transport, and sacs of terminal ileum showed development of 3-methyl glucose active transport.4. Lactic acid formation during the absorption of both glucose and 3-methyl glucose was increased approximately twofold in everted sacs of insulin-deficient animals.5. Insulin added at 100 mu./ml. to the incubating media of everted sacs prepared from insulin-deficient rats did not result in a reduction of glucose absorption or reverse the other effects.6. Fluoride (5 x 10(-3)M) added to the serosal and mucosal media of sacs of terminal ileum prepared from insulin-deficient rats decreased [(14)C]CO(2) formation from [U-(14)C]glucose and lactate formation during glucose absorption, but was unable to reverse the effect of insulin deficiency on glucose active transport.7. The effects of insulin deficiency induced by streptozotocin were more striking than those induced by anti-insulin serum.8. Everted sacs prepared from rats starved for 3 days showed increased glucose active transport accompanied by diminished conversion of [U-(14)C]glucose to [(14)C]CO(2).9. The possible role of hexokinase is discussed in relation to these findings.
Basis set additivity in calculation of ionization potentials of AHn compounds (1989)

The use of a basis set additivity approximation for the calculation of ionization potentials of AHn compounds has been tested for NH2 and found to be valid. The calculated ionization potentials for NH2→NH+2(3B1) and NH2→NH(1A1) remain in good agreement with experiment.
A data acquisition system for flat-panel imaging arrays (1994)

An electronic data acquisition system for pixelated, two-dimensional, amorphous silicon x-ray imaging arrays has been developed. The system was designed in a modular fashion with digital control provided by field-programmable logic devices. This approach allows sections of the design to be upgraded with little impact an other aspects of the system. Good analog noise performance was obtained by matching the preamplifier design to the characteristics of the array outputs. The design of this system is presented and its performance quantified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thickness Mapping of Eleven Retinal Layers in Normal Eyes Using Spectral\n Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2013)

Purpose. This study was conducted to determine the thickness map of eleven\nretinal layers in normal subjects by spectral domain optical coherence\ntomography (SD-OCT) and evaluate their association with sex and age. Methods.\nMean regional retinal thickness of 11 retinal layers were obtained by automatic\nthree-dimensional diffusion-map-based method in 112 normal eyes of 76 Iranian\nsubjects. Results. The thickness map of central foveal area in layer 1, 3, and\n4 displayed the minimum thickness (P&lt;0.005 for all). Maximum thickness was\nobserved in nasal to the fovea of layer 1 (P&lt;0.001) and in a circular pattern\nin the parafoveal retinal area of layers 2, 3 and 4 and in central foveal area\nof layer 6 (P&lt;0.001). Temporal and inferior quadrants of the total retinal\nthickness and most of other quadrants of layer 1 were significantly greater in\nthe men than in the women. Surrounding eight sectors of total retinal thickness\nand a limited number of sectors in layer 1 and 4 significantly correlated with\nage. Conclusion. SD-OCT demonstrated the three-dimensional thickness\ndistribution of retinal layers in normal eyes. Thickness of layers varied with\nsex and age and in different sectors. These variables should be considered\nwhile evaluating macular thickness.\n
A wideband high dynamic range frequency hopping hardware front-end for the joint tactical radio system (2010)

The Joint Tactical Radio System project is the Department of Defense's effort to create and organize a communication network that links a variety of radio platforms (e.g. handheld, naval, and aircraft). This goal can be achieved by developing a family of interoperable software defined radios with its members optimized for specific platforms. Realistic software defined radios utilize two systems to enable flexible and interoperable communications: software and hardware. The software system is responsible for converting transduced real information (e.g. text, voice, and video) into digitally modulated information and performing data impairment correction and synchronization. The hardware system, also known as a radio frequency front end, performs the physical conversion between relatively low-frequency digital data and high frequency carriers for practical and realizable communication system implementations. This thesis describes the design and implementation of a wideband high dynamic range frequency hopping hardware front-end for the Joint Tactical Radio System software defined radio. The front-end realizes a transceiver that utilizes radio frequencies from 200 MHz to 3.2 GHz and provides a 78 dB maximum dynamic range. The frequency hopping local oscillator is achieved by direct digital synthesis and successive frequency multiplications. Additionally, a low-noise amplifier and band-pass filter bank in support of the radio frequency front-end implementation have been developed and tested. The system features a high level of discrete integration and has been implemented entirely through the use of commercially available integrated circuits and surface- mount devices. The complete system was constructed using manufacturer evaluation kits and custom designed boards
Characterization of epoxy resin hardening with ketimine latent hardeners (2004)

Abstract T-peel strength of joints made with moisture-curable epoxy resin was determined using ketone based imines (ketimines) of different sizes as latent hardeners, and was compared to the amine (1,3-BAC) curing system. The strength was higher for the bulky ketimines (BAC-MIPK, BAC-MIBK) curing systems than the other systems. Both the chemical conversion of the epoxide and the gelfraction in case of the bulky ketimine curing systems showed higher values in the final stage, while the initial curing reaction proceeded faster for the amine and the small ketimine curing systems. The differences observed between the curing systems can be explained in terms of the hydrolysis rate of the ketimines and the diffusion rates of the epoxy resin and the ketimines. The initial curing reactions proceeded faster for the amine and small ketimine curing systems because hydrolysis of the ketimines occurs easily. However, the diffusion of them for the bulky ketimine curing systems would be easier in the final stage of curing because of the larger plasticizing effect with the bulky (large volume) ketones formed by hydrolysis of the ketimines in the systems. This indicates that the ketones formed by hydrolysis of the ketimines are very useful for increasing the crosslink network density of the cured resins, which would result in superior adhesion. Keywords: One-part epoxymoisture cureketiminelatent hardener.
Aziridines and aziridinium ions in the practical synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates--a perspective. (2002)

Recent methods for the synthesis of aziridines and aziridinium ions, the mechanisms of their nucleophilic ring-opening reactions and applications to the practical synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates are reviewed.
Identification of the alpha beta monomer of the adipocyte insulin receptor by insulin binding and autophosphorylation. (1984)

The insulin receptor consists of an insulin-binding subunit (alpha) of 135,000 daltons. More recently, it has been documented that the receptor undergoes insulin-stimulated autophosphorylation that predominantly labels a 95,000-dalton (beta) subunit. We solubilized rat adipocyte insulin receptors in Triton X-100 and partially purified the protein on a wheat germ agglutinin-Sepharose affinity column. Subsequently, we labeled the two subunits of the receptor independently by using 125I-labeled insulin for the 135,000-dalton alpha-subunit and 32P for the 95,000-dalton beta-subunit. Sucrose density gradient sedimentation and NaDodSO4/PAGE were used to characterize the native, oligomeric structure of the receptor. In 0.1% Triton X-100, the receptor sedimented as a single peak of s20,w = 10.2 S as detected by both 125I and 32P. NaDodSO4/PAGE under nonreducing conditions revealed a large species that appeared to be alpha 2 beta 2 and, to a lesser extent, alpha beta. Treatment of the solubilized, partially purified receptor with 10 mM dithiothreitol led to the partial conversion of the 10.2S species to a smaller one sedimenting at 6.6 S. The composition of this species was determined to be alpha beta by nonreducing NaDodSO4/PAGE. Our results suggest that detergent-solubilized insulin receptors can exist as dimers and monomers. The oligomeric structure of receptors functional in the cell membrane cannot be immediately deduced from these results due to the possibility of artifacts arising from membrane disruption and extraction procedures. However, the ability to label the two subunits of the receptor separately should facilitate a detailed study of its oligomeric structure both in solution and in the membrane.
Harmonic Detection of Resonance: A Review (2013)

Electromechanical resonators in the micro (MEMS) and nano (NEMS) regimes have emerged as promising tools for use in such diverse applications as ultrasensitive physical, chemical, and biological sensors, with detection limits as low as a single molecule. The advent of state-of-the-art micro-fabrication techniques has enabled a high throughput platform for commercialization. However, the sensitivity and reliability of such devices are highly dependent on the employed detection technique. This article summarizes the popularly implemented actuation and detection methods, and presents a review of the patented highly useful yet simple electrical detection schemes, the Harmonic Detection of Resonance (HDR) method and the pulsed ring-down method. The prominent HDR features are elucidated, and their advantages are highlighted with respect to other techniques. A theoretical model of the system is presented, and the origin of harmonics in the signal is explained. The applications of HDR range from using microcantilevers as sensors to probing mechanical properties in nano-cantilever systems. Finally, the technique based on the ring-down phenomenon is introduced as an alternative to HDR, and its effectiveness is illustrated in gas sensing applications.
Selective plasmid transduction in Bacillus pumilus (1977)

The inducible temperate bacteriophage phi75 and a clear-plaque-forming variant, phi75C1, mediated transduction of a 4.4 X 10(6)-dalton multicopy Bacillus pumilus plasmid, pPL10, at frequencies of 10(-5) to 10(-6) transductants per plaque-forming unit. phi75- and phi75C1-mediated transduction of several chromosome markers tested did not occur at a detectable frequency. phi75-mediated plasmid transducing activity resides in particles that are similar to infectious particles in sedimentation velocity and buoyant density.
Manufacturing Readiness of BVA(TM) Technology for Fine-Pitch Package-on-Package (2014)

Package-on-Package (PoP) has become common for packaging the processor and memory subunit in today's smartphones and tablets. Today's PoPs provide only about 300 interconnects between the base and top packages due to physical limitations posed by existing manufacturing methods. As a result, memory data bandwidth is limited to 25.6 GB/s at 1600 MHz DDR signal speeds. With a trend towards System-on-Chip (SoC) mobile processors with multi-core CPU, memory bandwidth requirements are sharply increasing. To meet these needs, a wide IO memory industry standard has emerged to specify 512 memory data interconnects. This standard provides about 4 times current bandwidths (&amp;gt;100 GB/s) even at lower 800 MHz DDR signal speeds. For memory devices to offer 512 data lines, a total of about 1000 interconnects are needed to include the accompanying address, control, power and ground signals required for operation. No current PoP technology can offer 1000 interconnects, due to limited fine-pitch capability within the standard 14mm x 14mm package outline. Although industry expectation is for Through-Silicon-Via (TSV) technology to eventually offer a high-bandwidth solution, TSV manufacturing is still being developed and not expected to be widely available for a number of years. A new high-performance PoP interconnect technology called Bond-Via-Array (BVA [TM]) has been developed to provide high-bandwidth interconnect capability today. A BVA test vehicle package demonstrating 1020 processor to memory interconnects at 0.24mm pitch has been assembled inside the industry-standard 14mm x 14mm package outline. These fine pitch vertical interconnects are achieved utilizing well established wirebond equipment and process. As a result, BVA provides a cost-effective and reliable path to high-performance PoP. This paper details equipment and process developments related to high-volume-manufacturing (HVM) readiness of BVA technology. In addition to assembly process and equipment, test hardware that can accommodate fine pitch wire-tip interconnects needs to be demonstrated for manufacturing readiness. Socket and test hardware development and verification studies utilizing the latest 0.24mm pitch test vehicle are underway in cooperation with a 3rd party test hardware supplier. Goals include demonstrating feasibility of the fine-pitch PoP test approach as well as establishing sources for such hardware. In summary, BVA PoP technology enables 1000+ interconnects in a standard PoP outline while taking advantage of existing materials and infrastructure. To ensure manufacturing readiness, package assembly and test demonstrations are being carried out with third party vendors. Results indicate that with proper design and process optimization, high yield assembly and test is possible, and this technology is ready for high volume manufacturing.
Cofractionation of the TATA-binding protein with the RNA polymerase III transcription factor TFIIIB (1992)

We have investigated the requirement for TBP (TATA-binding protein) in transcription mediated by RNA polymerase III (pol III) in fractionated HeLa cell extracts. Two activities, TFIIIB and TFIIIC, found in phosphocellulose fractions PC B and PC C respectively, have been defined as necessary and sufficient, with pol III, for in vitro transcription of tRNA genes. Depletion of TBP from PC B, using antibodies raised against human TBP, is shown to inhibit the pol III transcriptional activity of the fraction. Furthermore, TBP is present in fractions with human TFIIIB activity, and a proportion of TBP cofractionates with TFIIIB over four chromatographic purification steps. TFIIIB fractions are capable of supplying TBP in the form necessary for pol III transcription, and cannot be substituted by fractions containing other TBP complexes or TBP alone. The use of a 5S RNA gene and two tRNA templates supports the general relevance of our findings for pol III gene transcription. Purified TFIIIB activity can also support pol II-mediated transcription, and is found in a complex of approximately 230kD, suggesting that TFIIIB may be the same as the previously characterized B-TFIID complex (1,2). We suggest that transcription by the three RNA polymerases is mediated by distinct TBP-TAF complexes: SL1 and D-TFIID for pol I and pol II respectively, and TFIIIB for pol III.
In vivo targeted delivery of large payloads with an ultrasound clinical scanner (2012)

Since composite droplets can carry various therapeutic and imaging agents, they could deliver such agents specifically in any organ accessible to ultrasound.
Droplet optofluidic imaging for λ-bacteriophage detection via co-culture with host cell Escherichia coli (2014)

Bacteriophages are considered as attractive indicators for determining drinking water quality since its concentration is strongly correlated with virus concentrations in water samples. Previously, bacteriophage detection was based on a plague assay that required a complicated labelling technique and a time-consuming culture assay. Here, for the first time, a label-free bacteriophage detection is reported by using droplet optofluidic imaging, which uses host-cell-containing microdroplets as reaction carriers for bacteriophage infection due to a higher contact ratio. The optofluidic imaging is based on the effective refractive index changes in the microdroplet correlated with the growth rate of the infected host cells, which is highly sensitive, i.e. can detect one E. coli cell. The droplet optofluidic system is not only used in drinking water quality monitoring, but also has high potential applications for pathogenic bacteria detection in clinical diagnosis and food industry.
Selectivity control in the reaction of allyl alcohol over zeolite Y (1994)

G. J. Hutchings and D. F. Lee, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 2503 DOI: 10.1039/C39940002503
Induction of an Enzyme in Genetically Deficient Rats after Grafting of Normal Liver (1973)

Tissue from normal rat livers was grafted onto the livers of rats that were genetically deficient in bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity. Twelve weeks after the grafting operation, the liver of the recipient rats had bilirubin uridine diphosphate glucuronyltransferase activity.
Staphylococcus aureus에 대한 국내산 꿀벌독의 항균성분 분리 (2008)

Pure honeybee venom collected from Korea has been extensively used in livestock and folk medicines for a natural antibacterial agent. In the present study, we isolated and purified a novel antibacterial peptide fraction against Staphylococcus aureus from honeybee venom by liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The average molecular mass of the peptide was estimated to be 895.4 Da. The antibacterial activity of the peptide was evaluated in terms of Minimal inhibitory concentration. Minimal inhibitory concentration value was about 0.1μg/ml. The peptide can be considered as a potential compound for the development of new natural antibacterial agents for use in livestock and human.
In vivo Biologic Effects of Recombinant-Turkey Interferon-Gamma in Neonatal Leghorn Chicks: Protection against Salmonella enteritidis Organ Invasion (2001)

Interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) has been demonstrated to have potent stimulatory effects on parameters of cell-mediated immunity in chickens (11). Protection of neonatal leghorn chickens against infection by invasive salmonellae has been associated with enhanced cell-mediated indices of immunity (5). The present investigation evaluated the effect of recombinant-turkey (rt) IFN-gamma on protection of neonatal leghorn chicks from Salmonella enteritidis (SE) organ invasion after experimental challenge in three experiments. In Expt. 1, intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of 25 microg rtIFNgamma per chick 30 min prior to per os SE challenge resulted in a 35% reduction (P < 0.01) in SE organ invasion when compared with control (vehicle injected) chicks 24 hr post-SE challenge. However, i.p. administration of 2.5 microg rtIFNy per chick was not efficacious in reducing SE organ invasion. In Expt. 2 and Expt. 3, i.p. administration of 13.75 microg rtIFNgamma per chick 30 min prior to per os SE challenge resulted in significant reductions of 38.4% (P < 0.025) and 31.58% (P < 0.01), respectively, in SE organ invasion as compared with control chicks 24 hr post-SE challenge. Administration of 2.5 or 25 microg rtIFNgamma per chick i.p. had no effect on SE organ invasion in either Expt. 2 or Expt. 3 24 hr post-SE challenge. Additionally, i.p. administration of rtIFNgamma 30 min prior to SE challenge in Expt. 2 and Expt. 3 was not associated with protection against SE organ invasion when organ culture was performed 72 hr postchallenge. Further, the oral administration of 25 microg rtIFNgamma per chick was not efficacious in conferring protection against SE organ invasion at 24 or 72 hr postchallenge when this route of administration was evaluated in Expt. 2. Similarly, the subcutaneous administration of a potential repository injection of 13.75 or 25 microg rtIFNgamma per chick did not protect chicks against SE organ invasion when evaluated 72 hr postchallenge. These data indicate a potential acute immunostimulatory activity of rtIFNgamma in chickens experimentally challenged with SE. Further, these experiments, although preliminary, are suggestive of the potential involvement of IFNgamma in cell-mediated or innate mechanisms of protective immunity against salmonellosis in chickens.
MASSIVE EXUDATIVE RETINAL DETACHMENT AFTER PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY FOR PERIPHERAL RETINAL CAPILLARY HEMANGIOMA (2012)

Photodynamic therapy monotherapy to treat retinal capillary hemangioma might result in a massive exudative retinal detachment requiring surgery.
Diagnoseentwicklungsmethodik am Beispiel Dieselsystem (2010)

Während Produktentwicklungsprozesse weitgehend etabliert und die einschlägige Literatur dazu nahezu unüberschaubar wird, sind Empfehlungen zu Methoden- oder Prozessen zur Erreichung guter und vor allem messbarer Diagnosequalität eher rar. So fehlt vielmals ein entwicklungsintegrierter Diagnoseansatz, der nicht nur eine frühzeitige Erkennung und Behebung von Diagnoselücken ermöglicht, sondern auch ein ebenso frühes Anforderungsmanagement, ein Applikations-, Validierungs-, und Testerintegrationskonzept mitsamt einer Erstellung der geführten Fehlersuche enthält. Folglich ist eine intensive Zusammenarbeit von Funktions- bzw. Systementwicklung und der Serviceentwicklung über die Fahrzeugentwicklungsphasen hinweg unerlässlich.
Conus Venom Peptides: Reflections from the Biology of Clades and Species (2002)

▪ Abstract The 500 cone snail species (Conus) use complex venoms to capture prey, defend against predators and deter competitors. Most biologically active venom components are small, highly structured peptides, each encoded by a separate gene. Every Conus species has its own distinct repertoire of 100–200 venom peptides, with each peptide presumably having a physiologically relevant target in prey or potential predators/competitors. There is a remarkable interspecific divergence observed in venom peptide genes, which can be rationalized because of biotic interactions that are species specific. The peptide families/subfamilies characteristic of clades of related Conus species are potentially useful clade markers and can be used to indicate common biological mechanisms characterizing that clade. By knowing both the distribution and the physiological function of venom peptides, a type of reverse ecology becomes possible; the peptides in a Conus venom are a molecular readout of the biotic interactions of a species or clade.
<title>Compound WDM imaging</title> (1997)

In this paper, a novel concept of a platform-based multi- spectral collector, based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), is presented for terrestrial applications.
Local heating with titanium nitride nanoparticles (2013)

We investigate the feasibility of titanium nitride (TiN) nanoparticles as local heat sources in the near infrared region, focusing on biological window. Experiments and simulations provide promising results for TiN, which is known to be bio-compatible.