gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>HPDLC color reflective displays</title> (1999)

We have carried out experiments and simulations to optimize the materials and processes for fabricating holographically formed polymer dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) devices. Bright reflective HPDLC displays with peak reflection above 60% have been achieved with fast, sub-millisecond (tau) <SUB>ON</SUB> + (tau) <SUB>OFF</SUB> switching speed. The switching voltage has been reduced by more than a factor of 2 by selecting appropriate liquid crystal and polymer materials and by the addition of surfactants. The viewing angle of HPDLCs has been extended by a novel fabrication technique. We have fabricated color HPDLC demonstration displays by stacking red, green, and blue HPDLC layers and have achieved the widest color gamut that has ever been reported for a reflective display. The methods for making these novel color reflective displays and the measured are presented.
Domination-Based Ordinal Regression for Expensive Multi-Objective Optimization (2019)

Most surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms save expensive evaluations by approximating fitness functions. However, many real-world applications are high-dimensional multi-objective expensive optimization problems, and it is difficult to approximate their fitness functions accurately using a very limited number of fitness evaluations. This paper proposes a domination-based ordinal regression surrogate, in which a Kriging model is employed to learn the domination relationship values and to approximate the ordinal landscape of fitness functions. Coupling with a hybrid surrogate management strategy, the solutions with higher probabilities to dominate others are selected and evaluated in fitness functions. Our empirical studies on the DTLZ testing functions demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more efficient when compared with other state-of-the-art expensive multi-objective optimization methods.
Elevated Expression of Proto‐Oncogenes during Interleukin‐5‐Induced Growth and Differentiation of Murine B Lineage Cells (1990)

Abstract Intcrleukin 5 (IL‐5), a lymphokine produced by helper T cells, is involved in the regulation of growth and differentiation of B cells and other hematopoietic cells. To elucidate IL‐5‐mediated intracellular mechanisms, we have established IL‐5‐dependent and ‐independent murine early B cell lines, J6 and MJ88‐1, respectively, and examined the effect of IL‐5 on the expression of proto‐oncogenes during proliferation. Two‐ to 3.5‐fold increases in the levels of c‐myb, c‐myc, c‐fos , and c‐fms mRNA were observed in J6 cells, compared with those in MJ88‐1 cells. Further, a role of IL‐5 in the proto‐oncogene expression during differentiation was examined by using thymidine‐treated murine B‐cell chronic leukemia BCL 1 ‐B20 cells with growth arrest. After 4‐day culture, the amount of IgM secreted from BCL 1 ‐B20 cells was augmented 4‐6 fold in the presence of IL‐5. Although expression of c‐myb, c‐fos , and c‐fms mRNA did not change, only c‐myc mRNA expression was elevated within 30 min of stimulation with IL‐5 and reached a maximal level by 1 hr. Addition of phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) or IL‐4 to the culture of BCL 1 ‐B20 cells inhibited both the IL‐5‐mediated augmentation of IgM secretion and the elevated expression of c‐myc mRNA. These findings suggest that the IL‐5 signal may be associated with the up‐regulation of c‐myc expression.
Chronic Effect of Transrectal Split-Focus Ultrasonic Ablation on Canine Prostatic Tissue (2006)

The treatment time needed for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation might be decreased substantially by using the split-focus approach, so we made a prototype 4.2-MHz split-focus therapeutic transducer combined with a small 6.5-MHz imaging ultrasonic probe for transrectally treatment of canine prostatic cancer and used it to experimentally evaluate the feasibility of using split-focus transrectal HIFU to ablate canine prostatic tissue without injuring surrounding tissues. The prostates of 5 dogs were transrectally treated with split-focus ablation at a peak intensity in the water of 1.7 kW/cm(2) for 4 s (4 shots) under the guidance of ultrasonic B-mode imaging. After ultrasonic exposure, the prostates became stiff because of thermal effect of HIFU. For the first 3-5 days after treatment, dogs were catheterized daily for urinary management and treated with oral antibiotics to prevent urinary tract infection. The dogs were able to urinate normally by a week after. Within two weeks a large centrally located cystic cavity had formed in the prostate by replacing the necrotic parenchyma around the prostatic urethra. Necropsy three months after treatment found the rectum and prostate capsule to be normal grossly and histologically. The 4 shots of split-focus HIFU destroyed the prostatic parenchyma and created a prostatic cavity 0.34-0.45 cm(3) in volume without injuring surrounding tissues. These results suggest that split-focus HIFU ablation could be used for noninvasive treatment of prostatic cancer in dogs.
A New Approach for a Nonlocal, Nonlinear Conservation Law (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Encapsulation Geometry Impacts Three-Dimensional Developing Human Engineered Cardiac Tissue Functionality (2022)

Cardiac tissue engineering has been working to alleviate the immense burden of cardiovascular disease for several decades. To improve cardiac tissue homogeneity and cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation, in this study, we investigated altering initial encapsulation geometry in a three-dimensional (3D) direct cardiac differentiation platform. Traditional engineered cardiac tissue production utilizes predifferentiated CMs to produce 3D cardiac tissue and often involves various cell selection and exogenous stimulation methods to promote CM maturation. Starting tissue formation directly with human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), rather than predifferentiated CMs, simplifies the engineered cardiac tissue formation process, making it more applicable for widespread implementation and scale-up. In this study, hiPSCs were encapsulated in poly (ethylene glycol)-fibrinogen in three tissue geometries (disc-shaped microislands, squares, and rectangles) and subjected to established cardiac differentiation protocols. Resulting 3D engineered cardiac tissues (3D-ECTs) from each geometry displayed similar CM populations (∼65%) and gene expression over time. Notably, rectangular tissues displayed less tissue heterogeneity and suggested more advanced features of maturing CMs, including myofibrillar alignment and Z-line formation. In addition, rectangular tissue showed significantly higher anisotropic contractile properties compared to square and microisland tissues (MI 0.28 ± 0.03, SQ 0.35 ± 0.05, RT 0.79 ± 0.04). This study demonstrates a straightforward method for simplifying and improving 3D-ECT production without the use of exogenous mechanical or electrical pacing and has the potential to be utilized in bioprinting and drug testing applications. Impact statement Current methods for improving cardiac maturation postdifferentiation remain tedious and complex. In this study, we examined the impact of initial encapsulation geometry on improvement of three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissue (3D-ECT) production and postdifferentiation maturation for three tissue geometries, including disc-shaped microislands, squares, and rectangles. Notably, rectangular 3D-ECTs displayed less tissue heterogeneity and more advanced features of maturing cardiomyocytes, including myofibrillar alignment, Z-line formation, and anisotropic contractile properties, compared to microisland and square tissues. This study demonstrates an initial human induced pluripotent stem cell-encapsulated rectangular tissue geometry can improve cardiac maturation, rather than implementing cell selection or tedious postdifferentiation manipulation, including exogenous mechanical and/or electrical pacing.
Synthesis and reactions of cyanovinyl substituted benzenediazonium salts for nonlinear optics (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of cyanovinyl substituted benzenediazonium salts for nonlinear opticsM. L. Schilling, H. E. Katz, and D. I. CoxCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 23, 5538–5540Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00258a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00258a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of RNA synthesis by deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin in resting lymphocytes. (1983)

Deoxyadenosine has been implicated in the lymphocytopenia that occurs in immunodeficient children with an inherited deficiency of adenosine deaminase (ADA) and in leukemic patients treated with the ADA inhibitor deoxycoformycin. The recent reports of deoxyadenosine toxicity to nondividing lymphocytes indicates a challenge to the mechanism for deoxyadenosine toxicity, which involves the inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase by dATP, leading to the inhibition of DNA synthesis. This study provides evidence for the inhibition of transcription by deoxyadenosine as an alternative mechanism of toxicity. The incubation of resting peripheral blood lymphocytes with deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin led to an inhibition of uridine incorporation. The extent of inhibition increased with the increasing time of incubation and concentration of deoxyadenosine. Replacement of deoxyadenosine with other nucleosides, adenosine or deoxyguanosine, had no effect, suggesting that deoxyadenosine-induced inhibition was not due to the reduced transport of uridine. Separation of DNA from RNA by differential alkaline hydrolysis showed that the reduction of uridine incorporation was primarily in the RNA fraction. The time sequence of the reduction in uridine incorporation coincided with that of the accumulation of dATP, but preceded that of ATP depletion and cell lysis. The phosphorylation of uridine into UTP was slightly reduced by deoxyadenosine, but this could not entirely account for the reduced incorporation of uridine into RNA. Finally, the direct measurement of RNA synthesis by the incorporation of UTP into isolated nuclei showed that RNA synthesis was inhibited to 88% and 41% of control values in lymphocytes preincubated with 20 microM deoxyadenosine for 3 and 15 hr, respectively. These findings demonstrate that deoxyadenosine plus deoxycoformycin inhibits RNA synthesis in resting lymphocytes.
Phenylenevinylene Oligomers and Poly-p-Phenylenevinylene for Organic Field-Effect Transistors (2007)

Organic field-effect transistors using oligomers and polymers with a phenylenevinylene repeat unit were fabricated. In the case of oligo- phenylenevinylenes, films were prepared by vacuum-sublimation. Polyphenylene-vinylene films were prepared via water soluble-precursor route. Field-effect mobility of 0.13 cm2V−1s−1 was observed in oligo-phenylenevinylene films, which indicated that holes move via intermolecular π-π stacking. In the case of polyphenylenevinylene, p- and n-type carrier transport were observed depending on the electrodes use.
Corneal innervation in mesocephalic and brachycephalic dogs and cats: assessment using in vivo confocal microscopy (2008)

The noninvasive IVCM accurately detects corneal innervation and provides a reliable quantification of central corneal nerves.
Anti-Tumor Effects of Second Generation β-Hydroxylase Inhibitors on Cholangiocarcinoma Development and Progression (2016)

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) has a poor prognosis due to widespread intrahepatic spread. Aspartate β-hydroxylase (ASPH) is a transmembrane protein and catalyzes the hydroxylation of aspartyl and asparaginyl residues in calcium binding epidermal growth factor (cbEGF)-like domains of various proteins, including Notch receptors and ligands. ASPH is highly overexpressed (>95%) in human CCA tumors. We explored the molecular mechanisms by which ASPH mediated the CCA malignant phenotype and evaluated the potential of ASPH as a therapeutic target for CCA. The importance of expression and enzymatic activity of ASPH for CCA growth and progression was examined using shRNA "knockdown" and a mutant construct that reduced its catalytic activity. Second generation small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) of β-hydroxylase activity were developed and used to target ASPH in vitro and in vivo. Subcutaneous and intrahepatic xenograft rodent models were employed to determine anti-tumor effects on CCA growth and development. It was found that the enzymatic activity of ASPH was critical for mediating CCA progression, as well as inhibiting apoptosis. Mechanistically, ASPH overexpression promoted Notch activation and modulated CCA progression through a Notch1-dependent cyclin D1 pathway. Targeting ASPH with shRNAs or a SMI significantly suppressed CCA growth in vivo.
Power Efficient and Robust Sense Amplifiers for Embedded Non-Volatile Memories in High-Speed Microcontrollers for Automotive Applications (2014)

A novel circuit concept is introduced using bitline-capacitance-cancellation, enabling higher memory density under low power and high speed read operation in an embedded Flash module. Future trends in memory technology are addressed by a second new circuit exploiting a time-differential approach developed to provide higher read yield and robustness for STT-MRAM. All newly developed circuits are compared to state-of-the-art approaches by analysis and measurements showing the considerable improvements achieved in speed, power consumption and robustness.
Resonance Raman Spectra of an O2-Binding H-NOX Domain Reveal Heme Relaxation upon Mutation (2009)

Resonance Raman spectra were measured for the wild type Heme-Nitric oxide/OXygen binding domain from Thermoanaerobacter tengcongensis (Tt H-NOX WT) and three other Tt H-NOX proteins containing mutations at key conserved residues to determine the heme conformation in solution. The most dramatic changes in heme conformation occurred in the O2-bound forms, and the single Tt H-NOX P115A mutation was sufficient to generate a significant relaxation of the chromophore. Clear evidence of heme relaxation in the Tt H-NOX I5L, P115A, and I5L/P115A mutants in solution is demonstrated by the observation of reduced resonance Raman intensities for several out-of-plane low frequency modes (e.g., gamma11, gamma12, gamma13, and gamma15) in the 400-750 cm(-1) region known to be sensitive to ruffling and saddling deformations, as well as increased vibrational frequencies for the core heme skeletal stretching modes, nu3, nu2, and nu10. In addition, all three mutants exhibited some degree of heme conformational heterogeneity based on several broad skeletal markers (e.g., nu10) in the high frequency region. These results are comparable to those observed by Olea et al. for Tt H-NOX P115A in crystal form, where four different heme structures were determined from a single unit cell. On the basis of the resonance Raman spectra, it is clear that the actual heme conformation for Tt H-NOX P115A in solution is considerably more relaxed than that of the WT protein, with increased flexibility within the protein pocket, allowing for rapid sampling of alternate conformations.
Design and Validation of a New PPG Module to Acquire High-Quality Physiological Signals for High-Accuracy Biomedical Sensing (2018)

A new photoplethysmography (PPG) module is designed, optimized, and fabricated in this study to obtain quality PPG signal for high-accuracy bio-sensing. The module contains four light emitting diodes (LEDs) in wavelengths of 530, 660, 850, and 940 nm and a photo-diode (PD). The distances between LEDs and PD are optimized for quality PPG signals via maximizing the ratios of pulsatile (ac) to non-pulsatile (dc) components in PPG waveforms. The optimization is carried out based on an establishment of a complete optical model that simulates well optics under the user's skin based on Beer-Lambert law. In results, the optimal LED/PD distances that lead to maximal ac/dc ratios of PPGs for different wavelengths are derived. With the optimal LEDs/PD distances in hand, a new PPG module is designed and fabricated subsequently, and further installed in a hand-held blood pressure (BP) sensing device for performance validation. Based on experimental results, for the PPG module, an ac/dc ratio of 8.02% is achieved by the proposed PPG module as opposed to 6.74% and 6.90% by two other commercial modules. As for sensing BP based on reflective pules transient time, the error is controlled well with the mean difference (MD) and standard deviation (SD) as -1.16 ± 5.38 (MD±SD) and -0.53 ± 1.92 mmHg, respectively, for systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. The resulted accuracy successfully categories the developed PPG sensor among the bests by Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation and British Hypertension Society.
Quantitative measurement of cutaneous perception in diabetic neuropathy (1995)

To determine the diagnostic value of various cutaneous sensory modalities in diabetic neuropathy, we studied cutaneous perception at the dominant hallux of 113 subjects (32 normal healthy controls and 81 diabetic subjects). The cutaneous sensory perception tests included warm and cold thermal perception, vibration, touch-pressure sensation, and current perception testing (CPT). The sensitivity of each modality when specificity is held greater than 90% was as follows: warm = 78%, cold = 77%, vibration = 88%, tactile-pressure = 77%, 5-Hz CPT = 52%, 250-Hz CPT = 48%, and 2000-Hz CPT = 56%. Combination thermal and vibratory gave optimum sensitivity (92-95%) and specificity (77-86%). We conclude that vibratory and thermal testing should be the primary screening tests for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Other modalities may be of use only in specific situations.
Learned primal-dual reconstruction for dual energy computed tomography with reduced dose (2019)

Dual energy computed tomography (DECT) usually uses 80kVp and 140kVp for patient scans. Due to high attenuation, the 80kVp image may become too noisy for reduced photon flux scenarios such as low-dose protocols or large-sized patients, further leading to unacceptable decomposed image quality. In this paper, we proposed a deep-neural-network-based reconstruction approach to compensate for the increased noise in low-dose DECT scan. The learned primal-dual network structure was used in this study, where the input and output of the network consisted of both low- and high-energy data. The network was trained on 30 patients who went through normal-dose chest DECT scans with simulated noises inserted into the raw data. It was further evaluated on another 10 patients undergoing half-dose chest DECT scans. Improved image quality close to the normal-dose scan was achieved and no significant bias was found on Hounsfield units (HU) values or iodine concentration.
Modeling of electric railway vehicle for harmonic analysis of traction power-supply system using spline interpolation in frequency domain (1999)

It is essential to model nonlinear traction power converter loads for the harmonic analysis of traction systems. A behavioral model in the frequency domain to represent electric railway vehicles based on testing and measurements is proposed for harmonic analysis. The harmonic current characteristics are represented by a set of polynomials generated from cubic smoothing spline interpolation. The purpose of this paper is to report and discuss the development of an electric railway model for harmonic analysis and demonstrate results from the simulation with this train load model. System simulation based on this model is performed and the results match satisfactorily with field measurements.
Preclinical evaluation of a new self‐expanding device for closure of muscular ventricular septal defects in a pig model (2009)

Our preclinical study shows successful closure of iatrogenic created mVSDs without residual shunting. The device is characterized by a more controlled deployment, an independent deployment of disk and waist, and a good alignment of the left ventricular disk to the muscular septum.
Adenosine Triphosphate Activates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Human Granulosa-Luteal Cells* (2001)

ATP has been shown to activate the phospholipase C/diacylglycerol/protein kinase C (PKC) pathway. However, little is known about the downstream signaling events. The present study was designed to examine the effect of ATP on activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and its physiological role in human granulosa-luteal cells. Western blot analysis, using a monoclonal antibody that detected the phosphorylated forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (p42(mapk) and p44 (mapk), respectively), demonstrated that ATP activated MAPK in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of the cells with suramin (a P2 purinoceptor antagonist), neomycin (a phospholipase C inhibitor), staurosporin (a PKC inhibitor), or PD98059 (an MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor) significantly attenuated the ATP-induced activation of MAPK. In contrast, ATP-induced MAPK activation was not significantly affected by pertussis toxin (a G(i) inhibitor). To examine the role of G(s) protein, the intracellular cAMP level was determined after treatment with ATP or hCG. No significant elevation of intracellular cAMP was noted after ATP treatment. To determine the role of MAPK in steroidogenesis, human granulosa-luteal cells were treated with ATP, hCG, or ATP plus hCG in the presence or absence of PD98059. RIA revealed that ATP alone did not significantly affect the basal progesterone concentration. However, hCG-induced progesterone production was reduced by ATP treatment. PD98059 reversed the inhibitory effect of ATP on hCG-induced progesterone production. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of ATP-induced activation of the MAPK signaling pathway in the human ovary. These results support the idea that the MAPK signaling pathway is involved in mediating ATP actions in the human ovary.
Noble-Gas Binary Mixtures for Closed-Brayton-Cycle Space Reactor Power Systems (2007)

The advantages and limitations of pure helium and noble-gas binary mixtures as working fluids for space nuclear reactor power systems with closed Brayton cycles are examined. Helium has the best transport properties, but its small molecular weight increases the aerodynamic loading of the impeller blades. The binary mixture of He-Xe with a molecular weight of 40 g/mol is the recommended working fluid because it has the same heat transfer coefficient as helium, but results in a significant reduction in the aerodynamic loading (10% of that with helium) and hence, in the size and mass of the turbomachines and the power system. The performance parameters of a power system with no single-point failure in reactor cooling, three independent closed-Brayton-cycle loops, and He-Xe binary-mixture working fluid (40 g/mol) are presented and compared with those reported for similar systems.