gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D contrast ultrasound dispersion imaging by mutual information for prostate cancer localization (2015)

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most occurring type of cancer in the Western World. Yet, the most common diagnostic tool, systematic biopsy, is invasive and has low sensitivity. Recently, contrast-ultrasound dispersion imaging (CUDI) by spatiotemporal similarity analysis on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has been proposed as a promising, non-invasive alternative for PCa localization. It was shown that increased mutual information (MutI) between the indicator dilution curves in a block kernel and its central pixel relates to the presence of PCa. However, until now CUDI by MutI has been investigated in 2-D only, requiring a separate contrast injection for each imaging plane. Moreover, out-of-plane contrast flow could not be taken into account. In this work, we implemented CUDI by MutI using 4-D CEUS to overcome the aforementioned issues. We tested its feasibility to perform 3-D CUDI by comparison with 12-core systematic biopsies in 3 patients. The mean MutI for the patient with only one positive biopsy sample was significantly lower than that for the other two patients with more than 6 positive samples. This result encourages refinement and validation of the presented method in a larger patient group.
American Sign Language Recognition and Translation Feasibility Study (2018)

The development of a system for automatically and robustly translating between American SignLanguage (ASL) and spoken English in real time on mobile devices holds the promise of enabling naturaland spontaneous communication between Deaf ASL signers and English speakers anywhere and anytime.One key component of such a system is the automatic recognition of ASL signs, which is an active area ofresearch in the academic community. A number of other system challenges remain in order to supportdeploying this technology on mobile devices that include addressing compute limitations and recognition robustness for acquired signals that are highly variable (e.g., sign variation, apparent pose angle) and poorly matched to existing training corpora. While several commercial companies have pursued the development of mobile translation systems, none of them has successfully commercialized such a system to date. This report investigates the technical feasibility of performing real-time translation between ASL and spoken English on mobile devices. An important aspect of this investigation is the identification of the key technical challenges in developing such a system and the development of a roadmap for addressing these challenges. In order to support the feasibility study detailed in this report, an extensive literature search has been completed, a number of rigorous experiments have been performed to characterize state of the art performance, and a prototype system has been developed.
Downregulation of vascular endothelial-cadherin expression is associated with an increase in vascular tumor growth and hemorrhagic complications (2005)

The pathogenesis of vascular tumors such as angiosarcomas is poorly understood. Cadherin expression inversely correlates with tumor malignancy and the endothelial specific VE-cadherin is low or absent in angiosarcomas, suggesting an inhibitory role for this protein in tumor progression. In this paper we report that PmyT VE-cadherin null (VEC null) endothelial cells form larger vascular tumors in nude mice when injected subcutaneously as compared to isogenic VE-cadherin positive (VEC pos) cells. This effect requires the association of beta-catenin to VEcadherin, since a VE-cadherin mutant lacking the domain responsible for beta-catenin binding (Deltabetacat) cannot rescue the phenotype. In VEC null cells beta-catenin is phosphorylated and partly degraded. N-cadherin is increased and detected at junctions. VEC null cells also present an altered fibrinolytic activity with increases in tPA, uPA, uPAR and a strong reduction in PAI-1, which may be correlated to the high incidence of abrupt hemorrhages in VEC null tumors. Overall, these data strongly suggest that downregulation of VE-cadherin in endothelial tumors may have important consequences for tumor growth and bleeding complications.
Synthesis of High-Silica LTA and UFI Zeolites and NH3–SCR Performance of Their Copper-Exchanged Form (2016)

A series of LTA zeolites with Si/Al = 8.3-∞ and a UFI zeolite with Si/Al = 11 are synthesized using benzylimidazolium-based cations as organic structure-directing agents in fluoride media, if required, together with the tetramethylammonium ion. Two LTA zeolites with Si/Al = 11 and 16 showed an enhanced operating temperature window with excellent thermal durability for selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3, compared to Cu-SSZ-13 commercially being used for automotive applications.
The role(s) of lipophosphoglycan (LPG) in the establishment of Leishmania major infections in mammalian hosts (2003)

The abundant cell surface glycolipid lipophosphoglycan (LPG) was implicated in many steps of the Leishmania infectious cycle by biochemical tests. The presence of other abundant surface or secreted glycoconjugates sharing LPG domains, however, has led to uncertainty about the relative contribution of LPG in vivo. Here we used an Leishmania major lpg1- mutant, which lacks LPG alone and shows attenuated virulence, to dissect the role of LPG in the establishment of macrophage infections in vivo. lpg1- was highly susceptible to human complement, had lost the ability to inhibit phagolysosomal fusion transiently, and was oxidant sensitive. Studies of mouse mutants defective in relevant defense mechanisms confirmed the role of LPG in oxidant resistance but called into question the importance of transient inhibition of phagolysosomal fusion for Leishmania macrophage survival. Moreover, the limited lytic activity of mouse complement appears to be an ineffective pathogen defense mechanism in vitro and in vivo, unlike human hosts. In contrast, lpg1- parasites bound C3b and resisted low pH and proteases normally, entered macrophages efficiently and silently, and continued to inhibit host-signaling pathways. These studies illustrate the value of mechanistic approaches focusing on both parasite and host defense pathways in dissecting the specific biological roles of complex virulence factors such as LPG.
Procedural and clinical outcomes of combined endocardial-epicardial ablation as compared to endocardial ablation alone (2013)

Purpose: As one third of ventricular tachycardias (VT) arise deep within the myocardium or on the epicardial surface, epicardial mapping/ablation is increasingly performed in conjunction with conventional endocardial methods. We sought to determine whether this leads to procedural and clinical benefit over endocardial ablation alone. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent epicardial access/mapping and grouped them according to whether they had endocardial ablation alone (group 1) or combined endo-/epicardial ablation (group 2). Procedural success was defined as elimination of clinical VT/premature ventricular complexes (PVC). Clinical success was defined as elimination of symptoms without need for repeat ablation. Results: 107 patients were identified (48 in group 1, 59 in group 2). Patient age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, procedural indications and previous ablations (average 1.5) were similar between groups. There was no difference in the number of VTs/PVCs found (2.4 vs. 2.8) or ablated (1.8 vs. 1.7) between group 1 and 2, respectively. The number of endocardial burns (15.4 vs. 14.8) was similar. Group 2 averaged 8.5 epicardial lesions and more total lesions than group 1 (25.7 vs. 17.5, P=0.002). Radiation dose, fluoroscopy time and study time were comparable. Overall, procedural success rates were similar (91.7 vs. 93.8% [P=0.76]). After an average follow up of 1.3 years, clinical success rate was equal (71% [P=0.99]) between group 1 and 2, respectively. Figure 1. Procedural and clinical success outcome Conclusion: In patients in whom percutaneous epicardial access is obtained at the time of the procedure, epicardial ablation was delivered in 55%. The 71% success rate at 1.3 years in patients with typically complex ablation suggests that epicardial mapping may be helpful even in the absence of epicardial ablation.
A novel transverse gradient coil design for high‐resolution mr imaging (1995)

The authors describe a new gradient coil design for high resolution human, animal, specimen, or phantom imaging with high gradient efficiency and a large region of excellent gradient uniformity. Important features of our new design are the simple analytical description of the wire patterns that comprise the design, and ease of construction. Wires are spaced in a sinusoidal distribution around the circumference of the cylinder, and curved in an arcsin shape along the length of the cylinder. This coil produces a magnetic field pointing in a direction transverse to the axis of the coil with a gradient in the direction parallel to the axis of the coil. The same arcsin coil can be used to create a magnetic field pointing in a direction parallel to its axis with a gradient in a direction perpendicular to the coil axis. A prototype coil was constructed; field and inductance calculations were verified. Geometric variations on this coil design were modeled and their performance characteristics compared. This coil design is ideal for rapid implementation of a transverse gradient coil, since no specialized design software is required.
Morphology-controlled In2O3 nanostructures enhance the performance of photoelectrochemical water oxidation (2015)

Nanotower- and nanowall-like indium oxide structures were grown directly on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/In2O3 seeded substrates and pristine FTO substrates, respectively, by a straightforward solvothermal method. The tower-like nanostructures are proposed to form via a self-assembly process on the In2O3 seeds. The wall-like nanostructures are proposed to form via epitaxial growth from the exposed edges of SnO2 crystals of the FTO substrate. The nanotowers and nanowalls are composed of highly crystalline and ordered nanocrystals with preferred orientations in the [111] and [110] directions, respectively. The two structures display remarkably different activities when used as photoanodes in solar light-driven water splitting. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results suggest an increased density of hydroxyl groups in the nanowalls, which results in a decrease of the work function and a concomitant shift in the onset potential of the photocurrent in the linear sweep voltammograms, which is further confirmed by Mott-Schottky and flat-band potential measurements, indicating the importance of hydroxyl content in determining the photoelectrochemical properties of the films. Morphology-controlled, nanostructured transparent conducting oxide electrodes of the kind described in this paper are envisioned to provide valuable platforms for supporting catalysts and co-catalysts that are intentionally tailored for efficient light-assisted oxidation of water and reduction of carbon dioxide.
Preparation of ordered nanohole array structures by anodization of prepatterned Cu, Zn, and Ni (2022)

Anodic porous oxides with ordered nanohole array structures were prepared by the formation of concave arrays on the surface of Cu, Zn, and Ni substrates and the subsequent anodization of the prepatterned substrates. The concave arrays on the surface of the substrate were formed by Ar ion milling using an alumina mask. Although the anodization of Cu, Zn, and Ni substrates without prepatterning generates spongelike porous structures, ordered arrays of cylindrical nanoholes were obtained by the anodization of prepatterned substrates. The interpore distance of the obtained nanohole arrays was controlled by changing the period of the concave arrays. Crystallized ordered nanohole arrays of Cu<sub>2</sub>O, ZnO, and NiO were also obtained by heat treatment. The obtained anodic porous oxide with ordered nanohole array structures can be used for various applications such as photocatalysts, solar cells, and sensors.
Synthesis and Characterization of Phenylphosphine Oxide Containing Perfluorocyclobutyl Aromatic Ether Polymers for Potential Space Applications (2003)

A novel class of phenylphosphine oxide (PPO) containing perfluorocyclobutyl (PFCB) polymers has been developed for potential use as multifunctional materials in space environments. The reaction of p-BrArOCFCF2 (for Ar = phenyl and biphenyl) with tert-butyllithium affords the lithium reagent smoothly below −20 °C. Subsequent substitution with phenylphosphonic dichloride provides the first bis(trifluorovinyl ether) monomers containing the PPO group. Polymerization proceeds thermally above 150 °C to give polymers that exhibit glass transition temperatures of 169 and 224 °C, respectively, and catastrophic weight loss by TGA in N2 and air above 450 °C (10 °C/min). Copolymerization with bis(4,4‘-trifluorovinyloxy)biphenyl affords film-forming transparent thermoplastic copolymers with high Tg (>140 °C) and good thermal stability (>450 °C). Initial evaluations with ground-based simulation of atomic oxygen (AO) rich space environments indicate that the PPO group imparts significant space durability to PFCB polymers.
Rheological, Thermal, and Morphological Characteristics of Plasticized Cellulose Acetate Composite with Natural Fibers (2005)

Abstract Plasticized cellulose acetates processed with biofibers like industrial hemp and henequen were investigated with respect to their thermal, morphological and rheological characteristics. Discernable fibril morphologies in the biocomposites were observed via a SEM investigation. Such morphological characteristics were further analyzed with the results of TGA and rheometry. Furthermore, the obtained rheological properties were also interpreted in conjunction with the formation and destruction of internal structure in biocomposites.
Comparative effects of two multi-enzyme combinations and a Bacillus probiotic on growth performance, digestibility of energy and nutrients, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides, and gut microflora in broiler chickens (2017)

The efficacy of two exogenous enzyme combinations and a multi-strain Bacillus probiotic (DFM) on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and gut microbial composition was investigated in broilers. One-day old Ross 308 chicks were assigned to 36 pens with 22 birds/pen and 6 pens/treatment (Experiment 1) or 36 cages with 8 birds/cage and 6 cages/treatment (Experiment 2). Treatment additives were added to nutritionally complete corn/soy based starter (d 1 to 21) and finisher (d 22 to 42) diets. Treatments included 1) a control diet containing 500 FTU/kg phytase (CTL), 2) CTL + xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and amylase (200 U/kg; XA), 3) CTL+XA + protease (4000 U/g; XAP), 4) CTL+DFM (150,000 cfu/g of 3 strains of Bacillus spp), 5) CTL+DFM+XA, and 6) CTL+DFM+XAP. Supplementation with DFM increased BW, BWG, and FI compared with the CTL (P < 0.05); XAP, but not XA, resulted in increased final BW, BWG and FI compared to the control (P < 0.05). XA and XAP improved apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of starch and fat on d 22 to 42 with XAP improving AMEn (by ∼82 kcal) compared with CTL birds (P < 0.01). DFM+XAP improved apparent ileal digestible energy (AIDE), AID of fat and starch on d 22 to 42, and additionally had a greater than additive effect on AIDE and AMEn. Supplementation with DFM+XAP reduced the ileal and total tract flow of insoluble arabinose and additionally total tract flow of soluble and insoluble xylose and total galactose (P < 0.05); similar effects of XA+DFM were not seen or were lower in magnitude, suggesting that the protease component plays an important role in increasing the availability of NSP for hydrolysis. Supplementation with DFM alone did not affect gut bacterial populations, but XA and XAP reduced numbers of Campylobacter species (by > 2.5 log cfu/g; P < 0.001) and Bacteroides (P < 0.02) in the cecum compared with CTL birds.
Antibodies from Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Juvenile Chronic Arthritis Analyzed with Core Histone Synthetic Peptides (1990)

Antihistone antibodies were detected in the sera of a randomly selected group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with the five individual histones and by immunoblotting. In ELISA, the overall frequency of antihistone antibodies in RA and JCA was 51 and 44%, respectively. Antibodies present in these serum samples were further studied by ELISA by means of 17 core histone synthetic peptides. The fragment 1-21 of H3 was recognized by 60% of RA sera and by 62% of JCA sera. In addition, at least four terminal or internal peptides of H3 and H4 were recognized by more than a third of JCA sera, while only two of these peptides reacted with 20% of RA sera. Many of the sera that did not show any reactivity with the whole histone reacted with various histone peptides. This finding demonstrates the usefulness of synthetic peptides for identifying autoantibodies.
Product Lifetime Estimation in 7nm with Large data of Failure Rate and Si-Based Thermal Coupling Model (2021)

We got lifetime (LT) of FPGA chips with FEOL TDDB and EM. Reliability results from design are saved as a database of TDDB Aeff and EM Cumulative Failure Rate (CFR). With use conditions, EM CFR of each metal layers are used to get more accurate EM LT. We measured Thermal Coupling Factor (TCF) by using 4-point probe metal resistance test structures and found that the values are lower than assumed model in thermal-aware flow. It was demonstrated that lower TCF results in better product EM LT. We built Product-Level Reliability Estimator (PLRE) with better GUI and it provides quantitative answers for product reliability.
Supercapacitors specialities - Technology review (2014)

Commercial electrochemical capacitors (supercapacitors) are not limited to mobile electronics anymore, but have reached the field of large-scale applications, like smart grid, wind turbines, power for large scale ground, water and aerial transportation, energy-efficient industrial equipment and others. This review gives a short overview of the current state-of-the-art of electrochemical capacitors, their commercial applications and the impact of technological development on performance.
Advances in liquid crystalline materials and technologies : symposium held november 26-29, 2001, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2002)

Numerous established and newly emerging technologies are taking advantage of the novel properties of liquid crystalline (LC) materials. The unique optical, electro-optical and mechanical properties of LC fluids, polymers and composites enable applicability and significant improvements in a number of advanced technologies including displays, telecommunication, information storage and mechanical actuation. Advances in both low-molar mass and polymeric systems, ranging from synthesis to device physics, enable the continued integration of this class of materials into real-world applications. This book spans a diverse set of LC-related topics, from reports on the latest hot research areas, including flexoelectro-optics, V-shaped switching, chiral discotics, and banana phases, to developments in LC-polymer composite systems and LC gels. Much of the work has potential applicability, ranging from sophisticated photonics and beam-steering to creation of 'electronic paper'. Topics include: smectic and chiral liquid crystals and gels; photo-polymerization and liquid crystals; emerging concepts in liquid crystals; rheology of liquid crystals and main chain/lyotropic systems.
Coherent Coupling of Two Dopants in a Silicon Nanowire Probed by Landau-Zener-Stückelberg Interferometry (2013)

We report on microwave-driven coherent electron transfer between two coupled donors embedded in a silicon nanowire. By increasing the microwave frequency we observe a transition from incoherent to coherent driving revealed by the emergence of a Landau-Zener-Stückelberg quantum interference pattern of the measured current through the donors. This interference pattern is fitted to extract characteristic parameters of the double-donor system. In particular we estimate a charge dephasing time of 0.3±0.1 ns, comparable to other types of charge-based two-level systems. The demonstrated coherent coupling between two dopants is an important step towards donor-based quantum computing devices in silicon.
B7-H6-mediated downregulation of NKp30 in NK cells contributes to ovarian carcinoma immune escape (2015)

In this study the phenotype and function of tumor-associated NK cells from peritoneal fluids of a selected cohort of patients with seropapillary ovarian carcinoma were analyzed. In > 50% of these patients, the expression of the activating receptor NKp30 in tumor-associated NK cells was substantially reduced as compared to autologous peripheral blood (PB) NK cells. The impaired expression of this receptor was associated with the presence of one of its cellular ligands (B7-H6), which was detectable as a surface/cytosolic molecule in tumor cells and as a soluble molecule in the peritoneal fluid. NK cells from patients expressing this NKp30low phenotype displayed an impaired interferon-gamma (IFNγ) production and cytolytic function when tested against target cells expressing surface B7-H6. Our data also suggest that in these patients, the defective expression and function of NKp30 may be induced by the chronic engagement of this receptor by soluble B7-H6 or by tumor cells expressing this ligand. The impairment of NK cell functions described herein could represent a novel mechanism by which the tumor microenvironment may contribute to the escape from immune surveillance.
Fast design algorithm for competitive learning (1997)

The authors present a new, fast computation algorithm which significantly reduces the training time of the competitive learning (CL) algorithm without sacrificing its performance. The training process is performed in the wavelet domain to identify the winning neural units with a small number of multiplications. Simulation results show that in many cases the algorithm requires &lt; 10% of the computational time required by traditional CL algorithms.
Imaging the Structure of an Individual C60 Fullerene Molecule and its Deformation Process Using HRTEM with Atomic Sensitivity (2007)

Individual molecular imaging with near atomic resolution has been achieved by using a spherical aberration corrected transmission electron microscope (Cs-corrected TEM). Since the spatial resolution was pushed down to 0.14 nm, enabling resolution of the typical carbon−carbon distance, we can directly assign the local configurations of hexagons and pentagons just perpendicular to the electron beam for individual fullerene molecules and identify the orientation for each C60 molecule. The individual molecular events of fullerenes under the electron microscopic observations, such as symmetry degradation or conformation change, are demonstrated on the single-molecular basis as a consequence of the carbon atom loss. A transformation of the C60 molecule (Ih) to C58 (C1), corresponding to the loss of two carbon atoms, was experimentally proposed for the first time.
Cyclostationarity in partial response signaling: a novel framework for blind equalization (2002)

When fractional samples are available at the receiver, blind channel estimation methods can be developed exploiting the cyclostationary nature of the received signal. In this paper, we show that different solutions are possible if cyclostationarity is introduced at the transmitter instead of the receiver. We propose specific coding and interleaving strategies at the transmitter which induce cyclostationarity and facilitate the equalization task. Novel subspace equalization algorithms are derived which make no assumptions whatsoever on the channel zero locations. Synchronization issues are briefly discussed and some simulation examples are presented.