gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PAX6 Mutation as a Genetic Factor Common to Aniridia and Glucose Intolerance (2002)

A paired homeodomain transcription factor, PAX6, is a well-known regulator of eye development, and its heterozygous mutations in humans cause congenital eye anomalies such as aniridia. Because it was recently shown that PAX6 also plays an indispensable role in islet cell development, a PAX6 gene mutation in humans may lead to a defect of the endocrine pancreas. Whereas heterozygous mutations in islet-cell transcription factors such as IPF1/IDX-1/STF-1/PDX-1 and NEUROD1/BETA2 serve as a genetic cause of diabetes or glucose intolerance, we investigated the possibility of PAX6 gene mutations being a genetic factor common to aniridia and diabetes. In five aniridia and one Peters' anomaly patients, all of the coding exons and their flanking exon-intron junctions of the PAX6 gene were surveyed for mutations. The results of direct DNA sequencing revealed three different mutations in four aniridia patients: one previously reported type of mutation and two unreported types. In agreement with polypeptide truncation and a lack of the carboxyl-terminal transactivation domain in all of the mutated PAX6 proteins, no transcriptional activity was found in the reporter gene analyses. Oral glucose tolerance tests revealed that all of the patients with a PAX6 gene mutation had glucose intolerance characterized by impaired insulin secretion. Although we did not detect a mutation within the characterized portion of the PAX6 gene in one of the five aniridia patients, diabetes was cosegregated with aniridia in her family, and a single nucleotide polymorphism in intron 9 of the PAX6 gene was correlated with the disorders, suggesting that a mutation, possibly located in an uncharacterized portion of the PAX6 gene, can explain both diabetes and aniridia in this family. In contrast, the patient with Peters' anomaly, for which a PAX6 gene mutation is a relatively rare cause, showed normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and did not show a Pax6 gene mutation. Taken together, our present observations suggest that heterozygous mutations in the PAX6 gene can induce eye anomaly and glucose intolerance in individuals harboring these mutations.
Hydrazide sol–gel synthesis of nanostructured titanium nitride: precursor chemistry and phase evolution (2003)

A hydrazide sol–gel (HSG) process has been developed for synthesizing nanostructured titanium nitride. The process consists of reacting titanium isopropoxide with anhydrous hydrazine in the presence of anhydrous acetonitrile to yield a solid titanium alkoxy hydrazide precursor. Gas chromatography supported by chemical analysis shows that ∼80% of the isopropoxy groups are replaced by hydrazine. The role of acetonitrile, used as a solvent in the formation of titanium alkoxy hydrazide, has been studied using thermogravimetric and mass spectrometry analyses combined with chemical analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy techniques. Crystalline TiN has been obtained after heat-treatment at temperatures above 800 °C in ultra high purity nitrogen (UHP-N2) and UHP-Ar atmospheres. Transmission electron microscopy and specific surface area analyses revealed that the TiN powder obtained after pyrolysis in UHP-N2 at 1200 °C consists of nanocrystalline (∼10–20 nm) particles exhibiting a high specific surface area (∼252 m2 g−1).
Activation of protein kinase C increases phosphorylation of the L-myc trans-activator domain at a GSK-3 target site. (1992)

The L-myc protein migrates as three distinct differentially phosphorylated bands in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This phosphorylation can be rapidly increased either by treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) activator phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or by inhibition of serine/threonine protein phosphatases with okadaic acid. In vitro mutagenesis and phosphoamino acid analyses define the N-terminal serine residues 38 and 42 of L-myc as critical targets for the PKC-dependent phosphorylation. These are the exclusive sites of phosphorylation in the N-terminal third of the L-myc protein, and can be phosphorylated in vitro by glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3 beta). A mutant L-myc protein in which these serines have been replaced by alanine residues does not show heterogeneous electrophoretic migration or hyperphosphorylation in response to PKC activation, and is not a substrate for GSK-3 beta in vitro. Similar potential phosphorylation sites are present in c-myc and N-myc in a highly conserved region thought to represent a transcriptional activation domain. We suggest that N-terminal phosphorylation of the L-myc protein is a means of rapid regulation of this oncoprotein, possibly mediated in vivo by the action of GSK-3.
Serum MicroRNA-Based Risk Prediction for Stroke (2019)

Background and Purpose- Numerous studies have shown that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be used as noninvasive biomarkers of various diseases. This study aimed to identify serum miRNAs that predict the risk of stroke. Methods- The cases were individuals who had been diagnosed with cerebrovascular disorder by brain imaging. The controls were individuals with no history of stroke who had undergone a medical checkup. Serum miRNA profiling was performed for all participants using microarray analysis. Samples were divided into discovery, training, and validation sets. In the discovery set, which consisted of control samples only, serum miRNAs that correlated with the predicted risk of stroke, as calculated using 7 clinical risk factors, were identified by Pearson correlation analysis. In the training set, a discriminant model between cases and controls was constructed using the identified miRNAs, Fisher linear discrimination model with leave-one-out cross-validation and DeLong test. In the validation set, the predictive accuracy of the constructed model was calculated. Results- First, in 1523 control samples (discovery set), we identified 10 miRNAs that correlated with a predicted risk of stroke. Second, in 45 controls and 87 cases (training set), we identified 7 of 10 miRNAs that significantly associated with cerebrovascular disorder (miR-1228-5p, miR-1268a, miR-1268b, miR-4433b-3p, miR-6090, miR-6752-5p, and miR-6803-5p). Third, a 3-miRNA combination model (miR-1268b, miR-4433b-3p, and miR-6803-5p) was constructed in the training set with a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 98%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.92-0.98). Finally, in 45 controls and 86 cases (validation set), the 3-miRNA model achieved a sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 82%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.89 (95% CI, 0.83-0.95) for cerebrovascular disorder. Conclusions- We identified 7 serum miRNAs that could predict the risk of cerebrovascular disorder before the onset of stroke.
Polynomial-based filters with polynomial pieces of different lengths for interpolation (2004)

This contribution presents an idea of polynomial-based filters with segments of different lengths which can be effectively used for sampling rate conversion. For these filters the impulse response is characterized by the following: in each interval of length T/sub n/ the impulse response is expressed as polynomial of low order M, there are all together N intervals, and the impulse response is symmetric around its middle point. In the case of interpolation (decimation), the length of every polynomial segment can be arbitrary integer multiple of input (output) sampling period. In this paper, the effective implementation structure for these filters is derived. The implementation structure is based on the known Farrow structure which is commonly used for implementation of various types of polynomial-based filters. It is also shown that the number of fixed coefficients in the novel structure is the same as in the case of modified and prolonged modified Farrow structure. The novel structure offers tradeoff between filtering requirements and system delay, keeping the number of multipliers unchanged, as it is shown through examples.
A structure‐reactivity study of the binding of acetylglutamate to carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I (1990)

The requirements for binding at the N-acetyl-L-glutamate binding site of carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I were studied by the displacement of the activator from the central enzyme complex by analogs. Two carboxyls are essential and the acetamido group, if linked to the alpha-carbon, enhances binding 5000-fold. The subsite for the delta-carboxyl is mobile with respect to that for the alpha-carboxyl. Mixtures of complementary fragment of acetylglutamate do not bind, indicating a strong 'chelate' effect. Substituents revealed the existence of steric constraints around the delta-carboxyl, the alpha and gamma-carbons, and the whole of the acetamido group. However, phenyl substituents at the beta-carbon did not hamper binding, indicating that substituents at the beta-carbon face the solution. This is consistent with binding of acetylglutamate as the minimum-energy conformer. All analogs binding with high affinity are activators. Some analogs that bind poorly are competitive inhibitors. They appear to bind preferentially to a low-affinity conformation adopted by the site when the products dissociate and the substrates bind. The acetamido group plays no role in the binding of the inhibitors but it is crucial for the binding of the activators, and the high- and low-affinity conformations of the site differ markedly in structural selectivity.
Distributed sensing with OFDR and its application to structural health monitoring (2011)

Optical fiber sensors are promised candidates as sensor elements in structural health monitoring (SHM). Especially fiber-optic distributed strain sensors that return a strain value as a function of linear position along an optical fiber have been attractive for people in the field of SHM. We have developed a distributed strain sensing system using long-length fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), based on optical frequency domain reflectometry (OFDR). We employ long-length FBGs whose length is about 100 mm and the sensing region, in other words the gauge length, can be expanded up to more than 1 m by serially-cascaded long-length FBGs. This sensing system has the high spatial resolution of less than 1 mm. In this paper the distributed sensing system with OFDR and its application to SHM are described.
Transition from steady to unsteady reaction propagation with variations in bilayer spacing in reactive multilayer foils. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
<title>SAR ship detection using new conditional contrast box filter</title> (1999)

We present a new contrast box algorithm for detection of ships in SAR survey (50 m resolution) data. It uses new guard band concepts and conditional contrast box parameter computations (these allow the algorithm to be modified for special problematic ship cases). Initial results are very attractive.
Solution Structure of Two New Toxins from the Venom of the Chinese Scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch Blockers of Potassium Channels, (1998)

The solution structure of BmTX2 purified from the venom of the Chinese Buthid Buthus martensi has been determined by 2D NMR spectroscopy techniques which led to the description of its 3D conformation. The structure consists of a triple-stranded beta-sheet connected to a helical structure. This helix encompasses 10 residues, from 11 to 20, begins with a turn of 310 helix, and ends with an alpha helix. The three strands of beta sheet comprise residues 2-6, with a bulge covering residues 4 and 5, 26-29, and 32-35, with a type I' beta turn centered on residues 30-31. We also characterized the solution structure of BmTX1. The two toxins which are potent blockers of both large-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (BKCa channels) and voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv1. 3) are highly superimposable and possess the same structural characteristics. Analysis of these structures allows us to hypothesize that, besides the main surface of interaction described by the functional map of charybdotoxin, one can expect that the binding of scorpion toxins on BKCa channels may involve residues on the edge of this surface.
Phase Unwrapping in Spectral X-Ray Differential Phase-Contrast Imaging With an Energy-Resolving Photon-Counting Pixel Detector (2014)

Grating-based differential phase-contrast imaging has proven to be feasible with conventional X-ray sources. The polychromatic spectrum generally limits the performance of the interferometer but benefit can be gained with an energy-sensitive detector. In the presented work, we employ the energy-discrimination capability to correct for phase-wrapping artefacts. We propose to use the phase shifts, which are measured in distinct energy bins, to estimate the optimal phase shift in the sense of maximum likelihood. We demonstrate that our method is able to correct for phase-wrapping artefacts, to improve the contrast-to-noise ratio and to reduce beam hardening due to the modelled energy dependency. The method is evaluated on experimental data which are measured with a laboratory Talbot-Lau interferometer equipped with a conventional polychromatic X-ray source and an energy-sensitive photon-counting pixel detector. Our work shows, that spectral imaging is an important step to move differential phase-contrast imaging closer to pre-clinical and clinical applications, where phase wrapping is particularly problematic.
Helminth parasites in the endangered Ethiopian wolf,Canis simensis (2014)

Ethiopian wolves, Canis simensis, are an endangered carnivore endemic to the Ethiopian highlands. Although previous studies have focused on aspects of Ethiopian wolf biology, including diet, territoriality, reproduction and infectious diseases such as rabies, little is known of their helminth parasites. In the current study, faecal samples were collected from 94 wild Ethiopian wolves in the Bale Mountains of southern Ethiopia, between August 2008 and February 2010, and were screened for the presence of helminth eggs using a semi-quantitative volumetric dilution method with microscopy. We found that 66 of the 94 faecal samples (70.2%) contained eggs from at least one group of helminths, including Capillaria, Toxocara, Trichuris, ancylostomatids, Hymenolepis and taeniids. Eggs of Capillaria sp. were found most commonly, followed by Trichuris sp., ancylostomatid species and Toxocara species. Three samples contained Hymenolepis sp. eggs, which were likely artefacts from ingested prey species. Four samples contained taeniid eggs, one of which was copro-polymerase chain reaction (copro-PCR) and sequence positive for Echinococcus granulosus, suggesting a spillover from a domestic parasite cycle into this wildlife species. Associations between presence/absence of Capillaria, Toxocara and Trichuris eggs were found; and egg burdens of Toxocara and ancylostomatids were found to be associated with geographical location and sampling season.
Solid-state activation of Li2O2 oxidation kinetics and implications for Li–O2 batteries (2015)

Solid-state activation of Li 2 O 2 oxidation is mediated by chemical conversion of Li 2 O 2 with slow oxidation kinetics to a lithium metal oxide with generally faster kinetics.
A +110dBm IIP3 SiGe mixer with IM3 cancellation technique (2004)

A 3rd-order intermodulation (IM3) cancellation technique using a sub-mixer is proposed for low-power, low-distortion mixers. The technique reduces IM3 by 18dB with a current increase of less than 10%. The mixer achieves an IIP3 of 10dBm, a gain of 8.7dB, a NF of 9.8dB and dissipates 30mW from 2.9V.
Challenges in microbial ecology: building predictive understanding of community function and dynamics (2016)

The importance of microbial communities (MCs) cannot be overstated. MCs underpin the biogeochemical cycles of the earth's soil, oceans and the atmosphere, and perform ecosystem functions that impact plants, animals and humans. Yet our ability to predict and manage the function of these highly complex, dynamically changing communities is limited. Building predictive models that link MC composition to function is a key emerging challenge in microbial ecology. Here, we argue that addressing this challenge requires close coordination of experimental data collection and method development with mathematical model building. We discuss specific examples where model-experiment integration has already resulted in important insights into MC function and structure. We also highlight key research questions that still demand better integration of experiments and models. We argue that such integration is needed to achieve significant progress in our understanding of MC dynamics and function, and we make specific practical suggestions as to how this could be achieved.
Performance evaluation of the Bluetooth-based public Internet access point (2002)

Bluetooth has been regarded as a promising solution to an inexpensive wireless connection. Although initial application of Bluetooth technology has been focused mainly on replacing cables between hand-held devices, general wireless telecommunication such as public Internet access via a Bluetooth-equipped device is expected to be one of the most popular applications in the near future. However, it is not well understood whether the performance of Bluetooth-based systems is sufficient for such an application. We present preliminary results of performance evaluation of a Bluetooth-based Internet access point. The evaluation is based on simulation of an Internet access model consisting of a Bluetooth-based network access point and a number of Bluetooth-equipped notebook computers. The simulation results indicate that Bluetooth provides performance comparable to the fastest dial-up modem even when a number of users share a single Bluetooth radio unit. Better performance is expected when more than one Bluetooth radio unit are employed such that each unit services different users concurrently. However, Bluetooth units in a single radio range (about 10 m) interferes with each other since the channels established by each unit occasionally collide at the same frequency band. This paper analyzes the impact of such interference based on an analytical model of inter-channel interference. The analysis shows that the performance improves as the number of channels increases up to 40. We expect the proposed inter-channel interference model is useful in the design of systems facilitating multiple Bluetooth units.
Do Vicinal Disulfide Bridges Mediate Functionally Important Redox Transformations in Proteins? (2013)

Vicinal disulfide bridges, in which a disulfide bond is formed between adjacent cysteine residues, constitute an unusual but expanding class of potential allosteric disulfides. Although vicinal disulfide rings (VDRs) are relatively uncommon, they have proven to be functionally critical in almost all proteins in which they have been discovered. However, it has proved difficult to test whether these sterically constrained disulfides participate in functionally important redox transformations. We demonstrate that chemical replacement of VDRs with dicarba or diselenide bridges can be used to assess whether VDRs function as allosteric disulfides. Our approach leads to the hypothesis that not all VDRs participate in functionally important redox reactions.
Optimal ground coverage ratios for tracked, fixed-tilt, and vertical photovoltaic systems for latitudes up to 75°N (2023)

General guidelines for determining the layout of photovoltaic (PV) arrays were historically developed for monofacial fixed-tilt systems at low-to-moderate latitudes. As the PV market progresses toward bifacial technologies, tracked systems, higher latitudes, and land-constrained areas, updated flexible and representational guidelines are required. Using our 3D view-factor PV system model, DUET, we provide formulae for ground coverage ratios (GCRs –i.e., the ratio between PV collector length and row pitch) providing 5%, 10%, and 15% shading loss as a function of mounting type and module type (bifacial vs monofacial) between 17-75°N. Fixed-tilt arrays span a wide range of GCR (0.15–0.68, 5% loss) compared to single-axis tracked arrays (0.17–0.32) and vertical east–west arrays (0.11–0.16). We additionally optimize fixed-tilt module tilt, finding that the optimum tilt can vary from 7° above latitude-tilt to 60° below latitude-tilt in certain cases. We demonstrate that tracked and fixed-tilt PV arrays should have similar GCRs >55°N, but tracked systems are more sensitive to row-to-row shading losses <55°N. The GCR of fixed-tilt arrays at lower latitudes can reach 0.55 without introducing >2.5% shading loss, whereas tracked and vertical arrays reach 2.5% shading loss by GCRs <0.22 and <0.10, respectively. We additionally find that bifacial PV arrays require GCRs up to 0.03 lower than monofacial GCRs. These results can inform future deployment designs for latitudes >15°N.
Hemodilution on Cardiopulmonary Bypass as a Determinant of Early Postoperative Hyperlactatemia (2015)

Hemodilution on CPB is an independent determinant of HL. This association, more evident for severe HL, strengthens the hypothesis that a poor oxygen delivery on CPB with consequent organ ischemia is the mechanism leading to hemodilution-associated bad outcomes.
Safety Performance Evaluation of the Nebraska Open Bridge Rail on an Inverted Tee Bridge Deck (2004)

Nebraska's Open Concrete Bridge Rail attached to an inverted tee bridge deck system was constructed and full-scale vehicle crash tested. The reinforcing design of the bridge rail attachment to the bridge deck was evaluated and redesigned prior to construction. With the redesigned reinforcement details, the 737-mm (29-in.) high bridge rail was constructed 29.57-m (97-ft) long with thirteen bridge posts, each measuring 279-mm (11-in.) wide x 610-mm (24-in.) long x 330-mm (13-in.) high. Post spacings were 2,438 mm (8 ft) on centers. A similar system with the bridge rail attached to the deck with vertical reinforcing bars tied to two layers of reinforcement in the bridge deck was previously certified to meet the Test Level 4 (TL-4) evaluation criteria specified in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350 through testing according to American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Performance Level 2 (PL-2) criteria. Due to this testing, the pickup truck test was the only test necessary to evaluate the safety performance of the bridge rail when attached to thin decks placed on inverted tee bridge girders. Therefore, the research study included one full-scale vehicle crash test using a 3/4-ton pickup truck. The full-scale test, impacting at a speed of 99.8 km/hr (62.0 mph) and at an angle of 26.6 degrees, was conducted and reported in accordance with the requirements specified in the NCHRP Report No. 350. The safety performance of the open concrete bridge rail attached to an inverted tee bridge deck was determined to be acceptable according to the TL-4 evaluation criteria specified in NCHRP Report No. 350.