gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Presenilin 1 Controls γ-Secretase Processing of Amyloid Precursor Protein in Pre-Golgi Compartments of Hippocampal Neurons (1999)

Mutations of presenilin 1 (PS1) causing Alzheimer's disease selectively increase the secretion of the amyloidogenic betaA4(1-42), whereas knocking out the gene results in decreased production of both betaA4(1-40) and (1-42) amyloid peptides (De Strooper et al. 1998). Therefore, PS1 function is closely linked to the gamma-secretase processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Given the ongoing controversy on the subcellular localization of PS1, it remains unclear at what level of the secretory and endocytic pathways PS1 exerts its activity on APP and on the APP carboxy-terminal fragments that are the direct substrates for gamma-secretase. Therefore, we have reinvestigated the subcellular localization of endogenously expressed PS1 in neurons in vitro and in vivo using confocal microscopy and fine-tuned subcellular fractionation. We show that uncleaved PS1 holoprotein is recovered in the nuclear envelope fraction, whereas the cleaved PS fragments are found mainly in post-ER membranes including the intermediate compartment (IC). PS1 is concentrated in discrete sec23p- and p58/ERGIC-53-positive patches, suggesting its localization in subdomains involved in ER export. PS1 is not found to significant amounts beyond the cis-Golgi. Surprisingly, we found that APP carboxy-terminal fragments also coenrich in the pre-Golgi membrane fractions, consistent with the idea that these fragments are the real substrates for gamma-secretase. Functional evidence that PS1 exerts its effects on gamma-secretase processing of APP in the ER/IC was obtained using a series of APP trafficking mutants. These mutants were investigated in hippocampal neurons derived from transgenic mice expressing PS1wt or PS1 containing clinical mutations (PS1(M146L) and PS1(L286V)) at physiologically relevant levels. We demonstrate that the APP-London and PS1 mutations have additive effects on the increased secretion of betaA4(1-42) relative to betaA4(1-40), indicating that both mutations operate independently. Overall, our data clearly establish that PS1 controls gamma(42)-secretase activity in pre-Golgi compartments. We discuss models that reconcile this conclusion with the effects of PS1 deficiency on the generation of betaA4(1-40) peptide in the late biosynthetic and endocytic pathways.
Adrenomedullin Gene Delivery Protects Against Cerebral Ischemic Injury by Promoting Astrocyte Migration and Survival (2004)

Adrenomedullin (AM) has been shown to protect against ischemia/reperfusion-induced myocardial infarction and apoptosis. In the present study, we examined the potential neuroprotective action of delayed AM gene transfer in cerebral ischemia. Three days after a 1-hr occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO), rats were injected intravenously with adenovirus harboring human AM cDNA. The experiment was terminated 7 days after MCAO. AM gene transfer significantly reduced cerebral infarct size compared with that of rats before virus injection and compared with that of rats injected with control virus. The expression of recombinant human AM was identified in ischemic brain by immunostaining. Morphological analyses showed that AM gene transfer enhanced the survival and migration of astrocytes into the ischemic core. Cerebral ischemia markedly increased astrocyte apoptosis, and AM gene delivery significantly reduced apoptosis to near normal levels as seen in sham control rats. Similarly, in primary cultured astrocytes, AM stimulated cell migration and inhibited hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis. The effects of AM on both migration and apoptosis were abolished by calcitonin gene-related peptide [CGRP(8-37)], an AM receptor antagonist. Enhanced cell survival after AM gene transfer was accompanied by markedly increased cerebral nitric oxide and Bcl-2 levels, as well as Akt and GSK-3beta phosphorylation, but reduced NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production. Inactivation of GSK-3beta by phosphorylation led to reduced GSK-3beta activity and caspase- 3 activation. These results indicate that exogenous AM provides neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia injury by enhancing astrocyte survival and migration and inhibiting apoptosis through suppression of oxidative stress-mediated signaling events.
Atrial fibrillation ablation: evolution of the curative approach (2007)

The morbidity and mortality of atrial fibrillation (AF) makes the search for a curative approach one of the main quests in modern electrophysiology. After the ground-breaking steps of surgery for AF, recognition of the pulmonary veins’ (PVs) role in triggering AF, followed by the PV isolation (PVI) technique brought new hope for catheter ablation for AF. Safety and success were progressively improved in parallel with improvements in technological tools. The mechanistic heterogeneity of AF, enhanced in the chronic form, may explain the limited success of PVI alone in long-standing AF. This complex environment needs multiple approaches to extend the success rate to the whole spectrum of AF. Increase in mechanistic knowledge and technology may result in broader indications.
A compact delay model for series-connected MOSFETs (2002)

A compact delay model for series connected MOSFETs has been derived. This model enables accurate prediction of worst-case delay of different logic families such as dynamic logic. It also provides insight into delay change as the device parameters change. Key results show that the relative delay of series connected MOSFETs is almost invariant for different generations of technology.
Odor Control in Waste Management Lagoons via Reduction of p-Cresol using Horseradish Peroxidase (2006)

Para-cresol, p-ethyl phenol and isovaleric acid have been identified as the most persistentand most significant contributors to odor 1.6 km downwind from waste lagoons in concentratedanimal feeding operations (CAFOs), even though more than 200 volatile compounds contribute toodor from these lagoons. Previous studies have indicated that horseradish peroxidase (HRP)coupling with p-cresol generates a high yield of a unique product, Plummerers ketone. Ourpreliminary laboratory studies with synthetic p-cresol, hydrogen peroxide, and HRP demonstratedthat p-cresol can be reduced significantly in a hydrogen peroxide catalyzed reaction with HRP. UsingGC/MS and SPME technologies, a 75% reduction was observed in relative concentrations of 100 ml1% p-cresol after treatment with 1 ml of 170 units of HRP (prepared at 170 units/mg and 1 mg/ml) inthe presence of 3% hydrogen peroxide. Further analyses using semi- volatile organic analyses-GC/MS shows a 41% reduction in the amount of p-cresol in the samples treated with HRP in thepresence of hydrogen peroxide. Data obtained from these preliminary studies demonstrate that HRPhas the potential to reduce the p-cresol content in CAFO effluent and has been a basis for furtherstudies.
Thermal/acoustical aircraft insulation material (1975)

Attempts made to improve the acoustical properties of low density Fiberfrax foam, an aircraft insulation material, are reported. Characterizations were also made of the physical and thermal properties. Two methods, optimization of fiber blend composition and modification of the foam fabrication process, were examined as possible means of improving foam acoustics. Flame impingement tests were also made; results show performance was satisfactory.
RecA homology search is promoted by mechanical stress along the scanned duplex DNA (2011)

A RecA-single-stranded DNA (RecA-ssDNA) filament searches a genome for sequence homology by rapidly binding and unbinding double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) until homology is found. We demonstrate that pulling on the opposite termini (3' and 5') of one of the two DNA strands in a dsDNA molecule stabilizes the normally unstable binding of that dsDNA to non-homologous RecA-ssDNA filaments, whereas pulling on the two 3', the two 5', or all four termini does not. We propose that the 'outgoing' strand in the dsDNA is extended by strong DNA-protein contacts, whereas the 'complementary' strand is extended by the tension on the base pairs that connect the 'complementary' strand to the 'outgoing' strand. The stress resulting from different levels of tension on its constitutive strands causes rapid dsDNA unbinding unless sufficient homology is present.
A characterizable shape-from-texture algorithm using the spectrogram (2002)

Perspective-induced deformations on otherwise uniformly textured surfaces can be used to compute surface normals of objects from monocular images. This is shape-from-texture. Traditional shape-from-texture algorithms are based on image features like blobs and lines, and it is hard to predict how well the algorithms will work on real data. Newer algorithms are based on local spatial frequency representations, which can be characterized mathematically from beginning to end. We summarize our spectrogram-based algorithm, and show how we can characterize the performance of the algorithm based on the program parameters and the underlying texture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct 5‐Arylation of Formyl‐ or Acetyl‐halothiophene Derivatives. (2011)

Abstract Direct arylation of 4‐ (I) or 3‐chloro‐2‐acetylthiophene (IV) with aryl bromides is smoothly achieved in the presence of a simple Pd catalyst.
Elongation enhances encounter rates between phytoplankton in turbulence (2022)

Phytoplankton come in a stunning variety of shapes but elongated morphologies dominate-typically 50% of species have aspect ratio above 5, and bloom-forming species often form chains whose aspect ratios can exceed 100. How elongation affects encounter rates between phytoplankton in turbulence has remained unknown, yet encounters control the formation of marine snow in the ocean. Here, we present simulations of encounters among elongated phytoplankton in turbulence, showing that encounter rates between neutrally buoyant elongated cells are up to 10-fold higher than for spherical cells and even higher when cells sink. Consequently, we predict that elongation can significantly speed up the formation of marine snow compared to spherical cells. This unexpectedly large effect of morphology in driving encounter rates among plankton provides a potential mechanistic explanation for the rapid clearance of many phytoplankton blooms.
Latest advancements in state-of-the-art aSi-based x-ray flat panel detectors (2018)

Since aSi-based Flat Panel Detectors (FPD) were introduced in the early 2000’s with Trixell first generation of products considerable improvements have been brought incrementally to the products architectures and core technologies. Today, the 3<sup>rd</sup> generation of detectors achieve performances that seemed unreachable a decade ago … By combining advanced amorphous Silicon (aSi) sensor plate processes, high absorption and low ghosting indirect deposition CsI and the last generation of very fast and low noise readout ICs, detectors can run over 300 frame per second (fps) in binned mode and 60 fps in full resolution, while keeping sub 1000 e- electronic noise and maintaining Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) @5 nGy, @1 lp/mm, above 45%. This paper will show that a consistent product platform has been built around these optimized building blocks and that this platform is now ready for a complete portfolio allowing to serve the most demanding applications such as Radiography, ultra-low dose fluoroscopy, and even CT-like 3D imaging.
Uncompensated 20 Gb/s duobinary polarization division multiplexing transmission over 200 km (2007)

Transmission of 20 Gb/s optical signal over 200 km of uncompensated SMF fiber is achieved. The duobinary format dispersion robustness has been exploited together with polarization division multiplexing to significantly increase the maximum uncompensated reach.
Optimal filtering to improve performance in hard disk drives: simulation results (1999)

The analysis in this paper demonstrates how resonances limit control system bandwidth in hard disk drives and how optimal filtering can extend the bandwidth. In a hard disk drive, resonances do not limit performance by their oscillation amplitude but rather by limiting bandwidth via stability margin constraints. With a reduced bandwidth, the control system cannot provide enough disturbance rejection to achieve a desired level of performance, which is often measured in track density. This paper will address these issues and demonstrate how optimal filtering can improve hard disk drive performance.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Entry to Pyranoid Glycals: Reaction of Anomeric Glycosyl Sulfoxides with Organolithiums. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analytic performance model of the U.S. en route air traffic control computer systems (1985)

An analytic performance modeling case study of a complex command and control computer system is presented. A queueing network model of the system was developed and validated. Features of the model found to be critical to its accuracy were detailed software models, general service time distributions, and models of transient response time behavior. Response time prediction accuracy of the model was validated to 20 percent for moderate device utilizations. The study shows that analytic techniques can be successfully applied to performance modeling of complex systems. Prediction of response time percentile values and modeling of transient effects are identified as two areas where improved analytic techniques would enhance performance engineering of such systems.
ENCAPSULATED THERMIONIC ENERGY CONVERTER WITH STIFFENED SUSPENSION (2012)

This paper reports a prototype of a mechanically and thermally robust encapsulated microfabricated thermionic energy converter (-TEC). We used conformal sidewall deposition of poly-SiC to form stiff suspension legs with U-shaped cross sections, which increase the out-of-plane rigidity and prevent contact with the substrate during the heating of the suspended emitter-a qualitative improvement over the previously reported planar SiC -TECs [1]. Furthermore, we tested the new -TECs with both barium and barium oxide coatings. The coatings reduced the work function of the SiC emitter to as low as ~2.14 eV and increased the thermionic current by 5-6 orders of magnitude, which is a key step toward realizing a highly efficient thermionic energy converter. In addition, we have sealed small arrays of -TECs using an anodically bonded pyrex wafer.
Aqueous Processing of Mullite‐Containing Green Sheets (1991)

An aqueous‐based slurry for tape‐casting mullite sheets was studied that is suitable for electronic packaging. A latex binder was used to attain the necessary organic content in the tape while maintaining a low slurry viscosity. The colloidal stability of these complex slurries was characterized by electrokinetic sonic amplitude (ESA) measurements and sedimentation experiments. Control of dispersion stability required the addition of a polyelectrolyte. Suitability of the aqueous‐based tapes for multilayer packaging was evaluated by measuring deformation during lamination and by optimizing conditions such that binder loading and total deformation were minimized.
Machine Learning based Antenna Selection and Power Allocation in Multi-user MISO Systems (2019)

We investigate the performance of multi-user multiple-antenna downlinks via joint antenna selection and power control design. In order to fully exploit the spatial diversity while minimizing the energy consumed by active radio frequency (RF) modules, a subset of antennas are selected to serve the users. Firstly, we propose a joint antenna selection and power allocation (JASPA) algorithm to maximize the system sum rate subjected to the total transmit power constraint and quality of service (QoS) requirements. JASPA copes with the non-convexity of the formulated problem via a doubly iterative algorithm, in which an inner iteration successively optimizes the transmit power followed by an outer loop that tries all valid antenna combinations. Although approaching the global optimality, JASPA suffers a combinatorial complexity, which might limit its application in real-time network operations. To overcome this limitation, we propose a learning-based antenna selection and power allocation (L-ASPA) which significantly reduces the high computational time of JASPA while retaining comparative performance. The core idea behind L-ASPA is to exploit the advances in machine learning to establish underlaying relation between the key system parameters and the selected antennas. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithms is demonstrated via numerical results, which show that JASPA could achieve 90% of the optimal performance while reducing more than 93% computation time.
Design of a wound field synchronous machine for electric vehicle traction with brushless capacitive field excitation (2016)

This paper describes the modeling, optimization, mechanical design, and experimental characterization of a high power density wound field synchronous machine (WFSM) for electric vehicle traction applications. The WFSM is designed for brushless rotor field excitation using an axial flux hydrodynamic capacitive power coupler (CPC). A flexible design environment is described which was used for large scale multi-objective optimization. A prototype WFSM, spray cooled with automatic transmission fluid (ATF), with an 80 kW (peak) output at a base speed of 4,000 RPM has been tested. The prototyped WFSM achieves peak volumetric and specific torque and power densities of 17.22 Nm/l, 4.69 Nm/kg, 7.19 kW/l, and 1.95 kW/kg.
Correction to: Current research into brain barriers and the delivery of therapeutics for neurological diseases: a report on CNS barrier congress London, UK, 2017 (2018)

After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that there are some errors in the formatting of names in the final version of the article.
The effect of plasmapheresis on the serum activity level of dalteparin: a case report (2000)

The effect of plasmapheresis on the anticoagulant properties of the low molecular weight heparins has never been studied. We had the opportunity to study this effect in a woman who was receiving dalteparin for the treatment of a pulmonary embolus and required plasmapheresis. Over the course of 8 days, five courses of plasmapheresis were performed. Anti-Xa activity was measured pre- and post-dalteparin administration both during and between the first three courses of plasmapheresis. Comparing the rate of change between pairs of anti-Xa activity, the absorption rate was found to have decreased by over 50%. The decay rate, as compared with a historical control, was found to have increased by over 480%. These results suggest that the level of anticoagulation of dalteparin, as monitored through an anti-Xa assay, is reduced by plasmapheresis.
Electronic Tongue Response to Chemicals in Orange Juice that Change Concentration in Relation to Harvest Maturity and Citrus Greening or Huanglongbing (HLB) Disease (2015)

In an earlier study, an electronic tongue system (e-tongue) has been used to differentiate between orange juice made from healthy fruit and from fruit affected by the citrus greening or Huanglongbing (HLB) disease. This study investigated the reaction of an e-tongue system to the main chemicals in orange juice that impact flavor and health benefits and are also impacted by HLB. Orange juice was spiked with sucrose (0.2-5.0 g/100 mL), citric acid (0.1%-3.0% g/100 mL) and potassium chloride (0.1-3.0 g/100 mL) as well as the secondary metabolites nomilin (1-30 µg/mL), limonin (1-30 µg/mL), limonin glucoside (30-200 µg/mL), hesperidin (30-400 µg/mL) and hesperetin (30-400 µg/mL). Performance of Alpha MOS sensor sets #1 (pharmaceutical) and #5 (food) were compared for the same samples, with sensor set #1 generally giving better separation than sensor set #5 for sucrose, sensor set #5 giving better separation for nomilin and limonin, both sets being efficient at separating citric acid, potassium chloride, hesperitin and limonin glucoside, and neither set discriminating hesperidin efficiently. Orange juice made from fruit over the harvest season and from fruit harvested from healthy or HLB-affected trees were separated by harvest maturity, disease state and disease severity.
Neodymium Ground-State-Depleted Laser Characterization and Demonstration (1989)

A recently proposed class of rare earth doped solid state lasers is described. These Ground State Depleted (GSD) lasers are characterized by a low laser ion doping density (5-10xl018 ions/cc) and a large fractional excited population inversion density (4-8xl018 ions/cc). For efficiency, these lasers must be pumped by narrowband (&lt;few nm), intense (&gt;10-50 kW/cm2) sources. Four level operation at room temperature is obtained and efficient lasing to the ground electronic state manifold is achieved. The design domain of GSD lasers is dominated by the pump transition cross section (2-10x10−20 cm2) and the associated saturation fluence/flux (2-10 J/cm2 and 10-50 kW/cm2). The GSD laser gain element is typically optically thick (Lambert Law) at the pump wavelength, but is substantially bleached at the working pump intensity.
Preclinical studies for plant-based oral enzyme replacement therapy (Oral-ERT) in Pompe disease knockout mice with transgenic tobacco seeds expressing human GAA (tobrhGAA) (2021)

ABSTRACT Genetic deficiency of acid α -glucosidase (GAA) results in glycogen storage disease type II (GSDII) or Pompe disease (PD) encompassing at least four clinical subtypes of varying severity (infantile; childhood, juvenile and late onset). Our objective is to develop an innovative and affordable approach for enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) via oral administration (Oral-ERT) to maintain a sustained, therapeutic level of enzyme on a daily basis to improve efficacy of treatment and quality of life for people living with Pompe disease. A consensus at a 2019 US Acid Maltase Deficiency (AMDA) conference suggested that a multi-pronged approach including gene therapy, diet, exercise, etc. must be evaluated for a successful treatment of Pompe disease. Tobacco seeds contain the metabolic machinery that is more compatible with mammalian glycosylation-phosphorylation and processing. Previously, we have shown that a lysate from transgenic tobacco seeds expressing human GAA (tobrhGAA) was enzymatically active and can correct enzyme deficiency in cultured PD cells and in adult lymphocytes of Pompe patients and in vivo in disease-relevant tissues in GAA knockout (KO) mice when administered IP. We have extended these pre-clinical studies in PD knockout (KO) mice with ground tobrhGAA seeds that supports proof-of-concept for Oral-ERT for future clinical trials. Briefly in GAA KO mice, Oral-ERT with ground tobrhGAA seeds showed significant reversal of fore-limb and hind-limb muscle weakness, increased motor coordination/balance/strength and mobility, improved spontaneous learning, increased GAA baseline activity in tissues, reduced glycogen in tissues and negible serum titers to GAA. Pharmacokinetics showed maximum serum GAA concentration (Cs) at 8-10 hr and peak urine excretion at 10-12 hr. The tobrhGAA was taken up in PD fibroblast, lymphoid and myoblast cells. Enzyme kinetics compared favorably or superior to placental hGAA, plus alglucosidase alfa or other rhGAAs for K m , V max , pH optima, thermal heat stability and IC 50 for inhibitors. The tobrhGAA in seeds was extremely stable stored for 15 years at room temperature. NGS-genome sequencing of the tobrhGAA and wild-type plants and RNA expression profiles was performed and will be posted on our website. Thus, Oral-ERT with ground tobrhGAA seeds is an innovative approach that overcomes some of the challenges of alglucosidase alfa-ERT and provides a more effective, safe and significantly less expensive treatment.