gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the cooling subsystem availability on a Cloud data center (2017)

A data center is divided into three basic subsystems: information technology (IT), power, and cooling. Cooling plays an important role related to data center availability, and a failure in this subsystem may cause an interruption of services. Generally, a redundant cooling subsystem is implemented based on replacing the failed component by the standby one. However, it also can be based on a rotation of computer room air conditioners (CRACs). This paper proposes scalable models that represent the cooling subsystem behavior to evaluate the impact of cooling failures on the data center availability. Models are based on the TIA-942 standard and represent Tiers I and II. We validate our model by comparing our results with the literatures. Our results show that the CRACs' rotation has similar results in availability when compared to the replace strategy.
Nonaffine Deformations in ULK Dielectric Glasses (2018)

We show that there is a strong relation between the bulk modulus and elastic deformation characteristics of ULK organosilicate glasses. Our results indicate that the degree of deviation from homogeneous translation of the simulation cell deformation to molecular level is related to the constraints imposed by the precursor geometry and mean network connectivity of the structure. Characterization of this relation for a range of hybrid glasses that have different precursor geometries and network connectivity values is an important step towards establishing a robust molecular level design criteria to achieve desired mechanical properties of ULK glass materials.
The structure of a hydrated 1:2 complex of adenylyl(3'-5')adenosine–proflavine hemisulphate (1982)

The 1:2 complex (M r = 1410.28) between adenylyl(3'-
5')adenosine (ApA), C20H25NIoOIoP, and proflavine
hemisulphate, 2C 13H ~2N~ - . SO42-, crystallizes with 16.5
water molecules in the space group P21212 and unit-cell
parameters a = 32.157 (5), b = 21.450 (4) and c =
10.175 (1) A; V = 7018.4 A 3, Z = 4, d c = 1.33, d m =
1.32 Mgm -3,/z(Cu Ka) = 1.32 mm -~, F(000) = 2980.
Crystal data were measured up to 20 = 120 ° with Cu
Ka radiation. The structure was determined by a
multisolution phase method and refined by a blockedmode
full-matrix least-squares procedure. The final R
factor is 0.118 for 3507 observed data. The dinucleoside
phosphate, ApA, in this structure has a very
unusual conformation which is not found in other
oligonucleotide structures. The backbone of ApA is
extended and each adenine ring is hydrogen bonded to
another symmetry-related one forming an adenineadenine
base pair. Each base pair is sandwiched by
proflavine cations which also stack with each other.
Solvent molecules lie in the continuous channels
between columns of stacked heterocyclic rings.
Automatic Analysis and Visualization of Microelectrode Recording Trajectories to the Subthalamic Nucleus: Preliminary Results (2006)

Although microelectrode recordings (MER) are commonly used to confirm stereotactic targets during surgery for movement disorders, there is no consensus on whether the additional risks and cost of MER are worth the benefits. This may be due, in part, to the inconsistency and inefficiency of subjective interpretation of MER data that is currently used in practice. We describe several fully automatic visualization methods for MER that efficiently and clearly indicate segments of the microelectrode trajectories with homogeneous neural activity that correspond to expected deep brain nuclei. Specifically we demonstrate that these visualization methods can help identify the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease patients. These methods have the potential to significantly improve patient outcome by helping neurosurgeons objectively identify target structures more quickly and accurately.
Frontispiece: Recent Progress Toward the Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl‐ and Difluoromethyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes (2017)

Synthetic Methods The trifluoromethylated cyclopropane is considered as fluorinated bioisostere of the tert-butyl group, while the difluoromethylated one could act as a mimic of the cyclopropanol motif. In this article, the most important recent developments toward the synthesis of such scaffolds are summarized. For more details, see the Minireview by A. B. Charette, P. Jubault et al. on page 4950 ff.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Radiomics and Deep Learning (2018)

This guest editorial introduces and summarizes the JMI Special Section on Radiomics and Deep Learning.
4.4 A Highly Linear High-Power 802.11ac/ax WLAN SiGe HBT Power Amplifier Using a Compact 2nd-Harmonic-Shorting Four-Way Transformer and Integrated Thermal Sensors (2019)

Increasing demand on high-speed mobile access requires a spectrum-efficient wireless connectivity platform. With dense modulation and MIMO techniques, 802.11ac WLAN has been widely deployed as a viable solution. The emerging 802.11ax standard promises increased network capacity and higher data-rates. As 802.11ac/ax imposes stringent linearity requirements on power amplifiers (PAs), a high peak-to-average power ratio, operation at large power back-off, and reduced PAE are unavoidable. As a result, III-V processes [1] have dominated the development of high-output-power (P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> ) WLAN PAs. To replace them with lower cost Si-based PAs, several linearization schemes [2], [3] have been proposed, such as digital pre-distortion (DPD) and a spatial power combining, at the cost of increased complexity in the digital domain. In [4], a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> -harmonic short is used for linear Class-AB PAs, but an inductor on the supply lane occupies Si area and causes ohmic losses, degrading P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OUT</sub> and PAE. SiGe HBTs [5] are suitable for WLAN PAs due to their high power density, ruggedness, and CMOS compatibility. However, as current gain (β) drops with junction-temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">J</sub> ) rise, this distorts PA linearity and power gain.
Dual nature of metal gate electrode effects on BTI and dielectric breakdown in TaC/HfSiON MISFETs (2009)

We investigated bias temperature instability (BTI) and time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) in TaCx/HfSiON MOSFETs in terms of the effects of TaCx metal gate electrode, using various Ta composition and TaCx thickness. We find a dual nature of TaCx metal gate electrode effects on the reliability. The gate electrode has both positive and negative influence on BTI and TDDB. Though various TaCx layers were deposited on the same HfSiON layer, high composition of Ta in the TaCx layer and thick TaCx layer improve BTI and mobility, while they deteriorate time to breakdown (Tbd) because of the effects of metal gate induced defects.
Microsensors based on a whispering gallery mode in AlGaN microdisks undercut by hydrogen-environment thermal etching (2017)

AlGaN microdisks were fabricated via a top-down process using electron-beam lithography, inductively coupled plasma reactive-ion etching, and hydrogen-environment thermal etching from commercial epitaxial wafers with a 100-300 nm thick AlGaN layer grown on a c-plane GaN layer by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The hydrogen-environment thermal etching performed well in undercutting the AlGaN microdisks owing to the selective etching for the GaN layer. The AlGaN microdisks acted as the whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical microresonators, exhibiting sharp resonant peaks in room temperature photoluminescence spectra. The evanescent component of the whispering gallery mode (WGM) is influenced by the ambient condition of the microdisk, resulting in the shift of the resonant peaks. The phenomenon is considered to be used for microsensors. Using the WGM in the AlGaN microdisks, we demonstrated microsensors and a microsensor system, which can potentially be used to evaluate biological and chemical actions in a microscale area in real time.
Stereoretentive conversion of cyclic phosphorothioates into [18O]phosphates using [18O]chloral (1984)

A. Okruszek and W. J. Stec, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 117 DOI: 10.1039/C39840000117
The Effect of Three-Dimensional Co-Culture of Hepatocytes and Hepatic Stellate Cells on Key Hepatocyte Functions in vitro (2005)

In this study, we demonstrate the ability of a three-dimensional co-culture model to preserve some key aspects of differentiated hepatocyte function in vitro. Freshly isolated rat hepatocytes in co-culture with activated stellate cells rapidly aggregate to form well-defined viable spheroids. After 5 days in culture, the spheroids have a complex extracellular matrix support and hepatic ultrastructure including bile canaliculi, tight junctions, desmosomes and lipid storage. Co-culture spheroids have superior cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 3A and 2B function, and increased inducibility of 2B function, relative to a range of hepatocyte monoculture techniques (high-performance liquid chromatography of testosterone metabolites). Increased function in co-culture is supported by greater expression of CYP450 3A23, 1A2, and 2E1 mRNA relative to monoculture (reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction). Also, high hepatocyte growth factor mRNA expression in co-culture suggests a post-traumatic, or possibly regenerative, environment. A preliminary study of human hepatocytes co-cultured with rat stellate cells demonstrated prolonged function of CYP450 3A4, 2C19 and 2C9. This study shows that stellate cells facilitate spheroid formation, influence spheroid architecture, and are an effective method of preserving some aspects of hepatocyte function in the early stage of culture.
Metastable magnetism and memory effects in dilute magnetic semiconductors (2008)

Detailed magnetic measurements on the dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS) Cr:InN and Gd:GaN are carried out. These two materials have previously been reported to exhibit room temperature magnetic order. We show that the existence of magnetic hysteresis cannot be taken as proof for conventional ferromagnetism. Instead, we find an unparalleled metastable magnetic behavior together with memory effects in both materials, suggesting that for most DMS metastability plays a crucial role in accounting for the magnetic order even at elevated temperatures up to 400 K.
Architectural design of advanced aluminum matrix composites: a review of recent developments (2022)

Nowadays, advanced aluminum matrix composites (AAMCs) are known as the dominant emerging materials employable in different industrial sectors. The reason behind the use of AAMCs originates from the urgent need for weight reduction as well as high efficiency in the automotive, agriculture, aerospace, mining, and electronic applications. This paper deeply reviewed several recent progresses of AMMCs in architecture designs and advanced manufacturing technologies to break through the limitations and promote the overall performance of the AMMCs. The discussion offers a deep understanding of specific issues mainly related to the well-known strength-ductility conflict. As a matter of fact, the dependency of the properties of materials on the microstructure (size dependent) and their components (e.g. high-performance nano reinforcements) could simultaneously provide high efficiency and a series of size-dependent effects. Designing tailored architectures (e.g. harmonic structure, hierarchical structure, multimodal distributions, layered architectures, network structure, gradient structures, heterogeneous laminated structures), known as most promising, provides new routes for attaining high-efficiency and mechanical properties optimization. It is worth noting that special distribution concept in architecture design is to be used carefully, as a homogenous distribution suggests all the reinforcements are distributed in the undifferentiated locations while inhomogeneous distribution stands for the selective distributed locations following certain regularities. These novel architecture designs could be achieved through applying the advanced manufacturing technologies (e.g. severe plastic deformation, additive manufacturing, and powder metallurgy-based technologies) with the potential to be used on a large scale by employing innovative techniques for the preparation, processing, and producing of AAMCs. This paper aims to correlate the most important factor namely size dependency (in the opinion of the authors) to mechanical properties in architectural designs in AMMCs, and should serve as a guide for research on AMMCs, to design target performance levels for applications to numerous and different industrial applications.
CCA2-secure Lattice-based Public Key Encryption with Equality Test in Standard Model (2020)

With the rapid growth of cloud storage and cloud computing services, many organisations and users choose to store the data on a cloud server for saving costs. However, due to security concerns, data of users would be encrypted before sending to the cloud. However, this hinders a problem of computation on encrypted data in the cloud, especially in the case of performing data matching in various medical scenarios. Public key encryption with equality test (PKEET) is a powerful tool that allows the authorized cloud server to check whether two ciphertexts are generated by the same message. PKEET has then become a promising candidate for many practical applications like efficient data management on encrypted databases. Lee et al. (Information Sciences 2020) proposed a generic construction of PKEET schemes in the standard model and hence it is possible to yield the first instantiation of post-quantum PKEET schemes based on lattices. At ACISP 2019, Duong et al. proposed a direct construction of PKEET over integer lattices in the standard model. However, their scheme does not reach the CCA2-security. In this paper, we propose an efficient CCA2-secure PKEET scheme based on ideal lattices. In addition, we present a modification of the scheme by Duong et al. over integer lattices to attain the CCA2-security. Both schemes are proven secure in the standard model, and they enjoy the security in the upcoming quantum computer era.
Intranuclear Inclusions in Cells Infected with Newcastle Disease Virus (1999)

Cells infected by Newcastle Disease Virus were observed to contain both intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies. Ultrastructurally, they consisted of twisted strands of about 18-20 nm diameter resembling nucleocapsids. The presence of these inclusions was detected irrespective of host cell or pathogenicity of the virus. In immunofluorescence and immunogold labelling experiments, these structures were tagged by an anti-P protein monoclonal antibody. In summary, we show that intracytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies, hitherto used as a taxonomic characteristic for the genus Morbillivirus of the Paramyxoviridae, also occur in a member of the genus Rubulavirus.
Flexible optical waveguide film with 45-degree micromirror couplers for hybrid E/O integration or parallel optical interconnection (2004)

Short-range optical interconnection is more emphasizing in high performance systems. Multimode waveguide array is considered as a major interconnection medium due to the relatively easy packaging with devices. The multimode fiber array conjunction with VCSEL and Pin photodiode array is widely used in board to board and/or system to system interconnection. We demonstrate a flexible optical waveguide film which was composed of VCSEL, photodiode array, multimode waveguide array and 45 degree micro mirror couplers. The flexible waveguide film has many potentials such as it can be integrated with typical rigid electronic board and free from geometrical constraint. The waveguide film with 45° mirror was fabricated on a flexible transparent substrate using soft molding technique and then thin film VCSEL and photo-detector array are integrated. Master structure of the waveguide, which has multimode waveguide array and 45° mirror structure was fabricated using conventional lithography and microtome technique.
Position-Specific Hip and Knee Kinematics in NCAA Football Athletes (2014)

Knowledge of requisite game-like hip and knee ranges of motion is critical for developing goals for nonoperative or surgical recovery of hip and knee range of motion in the symptomatic athlete. These data help to identify playing positions that require remedial hip-related strength and conditioning protocols. Negative correlations between hip and knee kinematics indicated that constrained hip motion, as seen in linemen, could promote injurious motions at the knee.
Formation Fluid Sampling Simulation: The Key to Successful Job Design and Post-Job Performance Evaluation (2019)

Abstract Acquisition of fluid samples using wireline formation testers (WFTs) is an integral part of reservoir evaluation and fluid characterization. The increasing complexity of fluid sampling operations, especially in remote or offshore fields, requires a careful planning process involving systematic de-risking of the sampling objectives through quantitative evaluation of sampling hardware performance under uncertain downhole conditions and reservoir properties. During job execution, the cleanup of mud filtrate is monitored using downhole fluid analysis (DFA) sensor measurements. In addition to quantifying produced contamination and providing guidance for real-time decisions, these measurements hold valuable information about formation and fluid properties that can be extracted through advanced interpretation workflows. In this paper, we demonstrate how a quantitative, model-based workflow was applied to both planning and interpretation for a series of sampling jobs in a remote and harsh environment. At its core, the workflow consists of high-resolution numerical flow models for the filtrate cleanup process that cover both conventional and focused sampling tools. To enable real-time, interactive, and probabilistic workflows, we use machine learning techniques to construct fast, high-fidelity proxy models, which, after thorough validation, replace numerical simulation in the workflow. Finally, the workflow employs methods for uncertainty quantification, global sensitivity analysis, and model inversion. During the pre-job planning phase, the model-based workflow was used to select and mobilize the optimal sampling hardware, estimate sampling time uncertainty, and pinpoint the dominant sources of this uncertainty through global sensitivity analysis. After successful sample acquisition, the DFA measurements were reconciled with the cleanup model and the petrophysical evaluation to extract additional value from the measurements. Using measurements of water-cut and pressure, and conditioned to the petrophysical evaluation, the cleanup model was inverted for two-phase relative permeabilities. This recently developed methodology complements laboratory measurements of relative permeability on core samples. Building on previous work in this area, this paper demonstrates the practical application of advanced planning and interpretation workflows for downhole fluid sampling. The methodology presented couples traditional, full-physics flow modeling with modern machine learning techniques to achieve highly agile workflows, enabling operators to more efficiently plan sampling jobs and extract value from the measurements.
Sensing in power distribution networks via large numbers of smart meters (2012)

The electricity grid is undergoing significant changes as it paves its way towards a smarter grid. New technologies provide a much clearer view on the electricity grid and its processes, mainly due to the fine-grained and near real-time acquisition of data as well as assessment of it. The huge amount of information will include additional technical data beyond the traditional metering information for billing purposes. This may give rise to a new generation of tools that rigorously monitor residential endpoints. Such monitoring may assist towards rapidly identifying problems and decrease the time to resolve them. Currently, a real-time view of the grid state is done by specialized equipment, but their costs combined with their need to be widely deployed, is a limiting factor. Today's modern communication approaches coupled with high-performance analytics can be used in complex system monitoring and assessment. We argue how a large network of distributed smart meters can be used for analytics of the smart grid, based on our experiences in developing a smart metering platform that is currently monitoring approximately 5000 real smart meters. We analyse and discuss the results stemming from the data being streamed to the platform, and show how new insights can be obtained with respect to power quality.
Effect of Sodium Valproate on The Secretion of Prolactin, Cortisol and Growth Hormone in Migraine Patients (1992)

A single oral dose of 500 mg sodium valproate had no effect on prolactin, growth hormone and cortisol secretion in 10 migraine patients when compared with five healthy controls and four migraine patients receiving placebo. Basal values of prolactin (PRL), cortisol and growth hormone (GH) were within the normal range, though PRL basal levels were lower in three patients (21.5%) in the migraine group.
Irradiation-Enhanced Reactivity of Multilayer Al/Ni Nanomaterials (2015)

We have investigated the effect of accelerated ion beam irradiation on the structure and reactivity of multilayer sputter deposited Al/Ni nanomaterials. Carbon and aluminum ion beams with different charge states and intensities were used to irradiate the multilayer materials. The conditions for the irradiation-assisted self-ignition of the reactive materials and corresponding ignition thresholds for the beam intensities were determined. We discovered that relatively short (40 min or less) ion irradiations enhance the reactivity of the Al/Ni nanomaterials, that is, significantly decrease the thermal ignition temperatures (Tig) and ignition delay times (τig). We also show that irradiation leads to atomic mixing at the Al/Ni interfaces with the formation of an amorphous interlayer, in addition to the nucleation of small (2-3 nm) Al3Ni crystals within the amorphous regions. The amorphous interlayer is thought to enhance the reactivity of the multilayer energetic nanomaterial by increasing the heat of the reaction and by speeding the intermixing of the Ni and the Al. The small Al3Ni crystals may also enhance reactivity by facilitating the growth of this Al-Ni intermetallic phase. In contrast, longer irradiations decrease reactivity with higher ignition temperatures and longer ignition delay times. Such changes are also associated with growth of the Al3Ni intermetallic and decreases in the heat of reaction. Drawing on this data set, we suggest that ion irradiation can be used to fine-tune the structure and reactivity of energetic nanomaterials.
ChemInform Abstract: Water‐Soluble Metal Complexes and Catalysts. Part 2. Synthesis of Tris(sodium‐m‐sulfonatophenyl)phosphane in Pure Form and Catalysis‐Relevant Rhodium Complexes. (1990)

Abstract By modification and optimization of the gel‐permeation chromatography, a most reliable method for the purification of aqueous solutions of the title ligand (I) and its industrially important Rh complex derivatives is developed.
Novel E-beam Techniques for Inspection and Monitoring (2022)

In this paper, we report an advanced e-beam defect inspection tool (eProbe®250) and the Design-for- Inspection™ (DFI) system that has been built and deployed by PDF Solutions down to 4nm FinFET technology nodes. This tool has a very high throughput which allows for in-line inspection of nanometer level defects in the most advanced technology nodes. We also present eProbe applications for detection of systematic buried defects and process window characterization.