gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombination, selection, and the genetic construction of computer programs (2017)

Computational intelligence seeks, as a basic goal, to create artificial systems which mimic aspects of biological adaptation, behavior, perception, and reasoning. Toward that goal, genetic program induction--Genetic Programming--has succeeded in automating an activity traditionally considered to be the realm of creative human endeavor. It has been applied successfully to the creation of computer programs which solve a diverse set of model problems. This naturally leads to questions such as: (1) Why does it work? (2) How does it fundamentally differ from existing methods? (3) What can it do that existing methods cannot?
The research described here seeks to answer those questions. This is done on several fronts. Analysis is performed which shows that Genetic Programming has a great deal in common with heuristic search, long studied in the field of Artificial Intelligence. It introduces a novel aspect to that method in the form of the recombination operator which generates successors by combining parts of favorable strategies. On another track, we show that Genetic Programming is a powerful tool which is suitable for real-world problems. This is done first by applying it to an extremely difficult induction problem and measuring performance against other state-of-the-art methods. We continue by formulating a model induction problem which not only captures the pathologies of the real world, but also parameterizes them so that variation in performance can be measured as a function of confounding factors. At the same time, we study how the effects of search can be varied through the effects of the selection operator. Combining the lessons of the search analysis with known properties of biological systems leads to the formulation of a new recombination operator which is shown to improve induction performance. In support of the analysis of selection and recombination, we define problems in which structure is precisely controlled. These allow fine discrimination of search performance which help to validate analytic predictions. Finally, we address a truly unique aspect of Genetic Programming, namely the exploitation of symbolic procedural knowledge in order to provide explanations from genetic programs.
(Copies available exclusively from Micrographics Dept., Doheny Library, USC, L.A., CA 90089-0182).
Effects of temperature and sodium on myocardial and hepatocellular fatty acid uptake. (1994)

Fatty acid influx into human myocardium was studied in 15 patients during the cooling phase of cardiopulmonary bypass at myocardial temperatures of 37 degrees to 25 degrees C. The fitting of the data to a functional relation, developed in this study, revealed fatty acid influx to be a temperature-dependent saturable process corresponding to a Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) at 37 degrees C of 0.26 +/- 0.084 mumol/g, a maximal fatty acid influx velocity (Vmax) at 37 degrees C of 0.28 +/- 0.045 mumol/g per minute, activation energy for fatty acid binding to the putative carrier (E) of 23.8 +/- 5.6 kcal/mol, and a free energy for conformational change of the carrier (U) of 10.9 +/- 8.0 kcal/mol. In short-term cultured hepatocytes, Km increased in the absence of Na+ from 171 +/- 48 to 301 +/- 71 nmol/L, and Vmax of [3H]oleate decreased from 1063 +/- 69 to 847 +/- 68 pmol/min per milligram protein. The fitting of these data to a functional relation revealed a transmembrane potential-dependent component of parameters E and U to be -0.479 and -0.374 kcal/mol, respectively. It is proposed that for fatty acid influx a protonated fatty acid form is preferred that consists of a Na+ complex with the mesomeric form of nondissociated fatty acid from which Na+ and H+ are released during collision with the carrier.
Protein‐DNA Array‐based identification of transcription factor activities following dehydration in the hypothalomo‐neurohypophyseal system (2006)

The hypothalamo‐neurohypophyseal system (HNS) of mammals controls the homeostatic function of water balance and salt excretion. Physiological activation of the HNS by dehydration results in the release of vasopressin into the circulation, which promotes water conservation at the level of the kidney. Concomitantly, fully differentiated neurons of the HNS undergo phenotypic changes, a property known as function‐related plasticity, which may serve as an adaptive response to functional demand. These changes are associated with alterations in gene expression, presumably, at least in part, mediated by transcription factors. Since little is known about which transcription factors mediate these gene changes, the DNA binding capacity of nuclear extracts of supraoptic nuclei (SON) to 345 consensus sequences was analyzed in samples prepared from normal and dehydrated rats using Panomics Protein/DNA Array. Following statistical analysis, the binding capacity of AP‐1, CREB, Myc‐max and other 8 transcription factors were shown to be significantly up‐regulated in the SON following dehydration and PEBP2, EGR1, and MTB‐Zf were shown to be significantly down‐regulated. We are currently using electrophortic mobility shift assays (EMSA) to validate the results of the Protein‐DNA array. In addition, we are using a real‐time biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) coupled with Mass Spectrometry to identify the components of the protein complexes that bind to these consensus sequences. Supported by British Heart Foundation and BBSRC.
ABOVE-THE-KNEE AMPUTATION AFTER A TOTAL KNEE REPLACEMENT (2003)

The overall prevalence of amputation after total knee arthroplasty at our tertiary care center was 0.36%. The majority (63%) of the amputations were performed for reasons not attributable to complications of the arthroplasty. The functional outcome after amputation performed above a total knee replacement is poor. A substantial percentage of the patients were never fitted with a prosthesis, and those who were seldom obtained functional independence.
Exposure and video feedback vs. imagery rescripting, which is the better intervention for social anxiety disorder? : A pilot study (2019)

본 연구는 사회불안장애 진단을 받은 참가자들을 대상으로 노출 및 비디오 피드백과 이미지 재구성법을 시행하 고 치료 효과를 비교하기 위한 예비연구로 진행되었다. 연구대상은 구조화된 면접을 통해 사회불안장애로 진단 된 22명의 사람들로 선발하였다. 부정적 자기상과 부정적인 과거 기억의 생생함, 고통, 빈도를 측정하였으며, 사 회적 상호작용 불안 척도, 사회공포증 척도, 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움 척도, 사회적 회피 및 불편 척도, 주관적 가능성/손실 평정 척도, 핵심 신념을 치료 전, 후에 측정하였다. 노출 및 비디오 피드백과 이미지 재구성법의 집 단 간 차이를 비교한 결과, 1) 부정적 자기상의 생생함, 고통 및 빈도 감소의 유의한 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 시간에 따른 주효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 2) 부정적인 과거 기억의 생생함과 고통 감소의 유의 한 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 시간 주효과는 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 부정적 과거 기억 빈도의 경우 에는 상호작용과 시간 주효과 모두 유의하지 않았다. 3) 사회불안 증상 감소의 유의한 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 시간에 따른 주효과는 유의하였다. 사회불안 척도 중 부정적 평가에 대한 두려움 척도에서는 이미지 재구성법 집단 내 변화는 유의하였으나, 노출 및 비디오 피드백 집단 내 변화는 유의하지 않았다. 4) 판단 편향 감소의 유의한 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 시간에 따른 주효과는 유의하였다. 손실 편향의 경우 이미지 재구성법 집단 내 변화는 유의하였으나, 노출 및 비디오 피드백 집단 내 변화는 유의하지 않았다. 5) 핵심 신념 감소의 유의한 상호작용 효과는 나타나지 않았으나, 시간에 따른 주효과는 유의하였다. 6) 사회불안과 관련된 모 든 척도 점수에서 노출 및 비디오 피드백 집단은 중간~큰 효과크기로 감소되는 양상이었고, 이미지 재구성법은 모두 큰 효과크기로 감소하는 양상이었다. 이 결과에 대한 시사점을 논의하고 본 연구의 제한점과 추후 연구에 대한 제언을 제시하였다.
Intelligence in a materials world : selected papers from IPMM-2001, the Third International Conference on Intelligent Processing and Manufacturing of Materials (2003)

Intelligence in a Materials World contains 87 refereed papers selected from those presented at the Third International Conference on Intelligent Processing and Manufacturing of Materials. The contents span the full scope of the field of materials production and manufacturing from all parts of the world. The focus of this book is on practical applications of intelligent hardware and software. Topics include: New Intelligent Software Methods and Models Production of Raw Materials Biologically-Inspired Systems Simulation and Design of New Materials Atomistic and Electronic Modeling Web-based Design Metrology and Instrumentation Intelligent Manufacturing Systems Agent-based Large-Scale System Simulation Environmental Systems Planning and Scheduling Applications in Space Exploration Financial Transactions Materials Forming Rolling and Sheet Metal Systems Machining and Finishing Processes Language Recognition and Communication Cross-Disciplinary Research This book is an essential reference tool for individuals interested in applying state-of-the-art artificial Intelligence and its related modeling methods within areas that deal with materials production and manufacturing, from raw materials and ore to final consumer products. IPMM is an organization of over 400 individuals from over 45 countries who come together every two years to share in new ideas and applications that use intelligence (artificial or otherwise) to achieve new designs, novel planning methods, improved system optimization techniques, advanced process control or monitoring methods in different fields dealing with material science and engineering.
Experimental cryptosporidiosis in laboratory mice (1982)

Eight strains of laboratory mice were susceptible to subclinical infections with Cryptosporidium sp. at 1 to 4 days of age, but only a transient infection could be established at 21 days of age or older. Immunosuppression of 21-day-old mice failed to render them more susceptible to infection. Laboratory storage conditions for Cryptosporidium sp. were investigated by titration in 1- to 4-day-old mice. Storage by freezing with a variety of cryoprotectants was unsuccessful, but storage at 4 degrees C in phosphate-buffered saline or 2.5% potassium dichromate was possible for 4 to 6 months.
Degradation of Charge Collection Efficiency Obtained for 6H-SiC n<sup>+</sup>p Diodes Irradiated with Gold Ions (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A stepped plate transducer as ultrasonic range sensor (2008)

A new type of highly directional ultrasonic transducer is designed and tested as an ultrasonic range sensor by using the parametric acoustic arrays. To get intensive primary waves, a modified stepped plate transducer is proposed. Gallego-juarez et al.(1978) first proposed stepped plate transducer for high power radiation at one frequency. The steps with the height of half-wavelength of sound in air compensate discrete phase difference on the vibrating plate. However, two collimated beams are required for the parametric acoustic array. The position and height of the steps are modified to compensate the flexural vibration for two frequencies in this transducer. The transducer diameter is 50mm. The optimal primary frequencies are designed as 80kHz and 120kHz to generate difference frequency of 40kHz efficiently. The proposed transducer has the HPBW of 5° that is much higher directivity than general ultrasonic range sensor(Generally 20° on same size). The maximum SPL is 130dB at primary frequencies and 95dB at difference frequency on 75Vpk input. These experimental results show that the proposed transducer can successfully improve the spatial resolution of ultrasonic sensor. [Research is partly supported by MIC/IITA Intelligent Robot Sensor and partly supported by DAPA and ADD UD070054AD]
High gain lens antennas for 71–86 GHz point-to-point applications (2013)

In this paper design of integrated lens antennas (ILA) dedicated for 71-86 GHz point-to-point applications is presented. The specific antenna requirements for these applications are a narrow beam width typically on the order of 1-2 degrees and consequently high gain of 35-43 dBi. Conformance to these requirements necessitates the use of large lenses with the diameters of 30-60 free space wavelengths (~120-240 mm for 71-86 GHz band). The paper presents the numerical simulations and experimental investigations results for teflon lenses with the diameters of 120 mm and 246 mm. The designed lenses provide the gain of 37 and 43 dBi and the half power beam width below 2° and 1° correspondingly. The antennas can be used for point-to-point millimeter wave communications systems at the distances of more than 1-3 km. The performed investigation of scanning properties of the lens antennas confirms that electronic beam steering can be implemented in the considered point-to-point communication systems to automatically compensate swings and twists of the installation masts and to simplify the initial beam alignment procedure.
Generation of Recombinant Primary Human B Lymphocytes Using Non-Viral Vectors (2021)

Although the development of gene delivery systems based on non-viral vectors is advancing, it remains a challenge to deliver plasmid DNA into human blood cells. The current "gold standard", namely linear polyethyleneimine (l-PEI 25 kDa), in particular, is unable to produce transgene expression levels >5% in primary human B lymphocytes. Here, it is demonstrated that a well-defined 24-armed poly(2-dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA, 755 kDa) nano-star is able to reproducibly elicit high transgene expression (40%) at sufficient residual viability (69%) in primary human B cells derived from tonsillar tissue. Moreover, our results indicate that the length of the mitogenic stimulation prior to transfection is an important parameter that must be established during the development of the transfection protocol. In our hands, four days of stimulation with rhCD40L post-thawing led to the best transfection results in terms of TE and cell survival. Most importantly, our data argue for an impact of the B cell subsets on the transfection outcomes, underlining that the complexity and heterogeneity of a given B cell population pre- and post-transfection is a critical parameter to consider in the multiparametric approach required for the implementation of the transfection protocol.
Securing the Payload, Finding the Cell, and Avoiding the Endosome: Peptide‐Targeted, Fusogenic Porous Silicon Nanoparticles for Delivery of siRNA (2019)

Despite the promise of ribonucleic acid interference therapeutics, the delivery of oligonucleotides selectively to diseased tissues in the body, and specifically to the cellular location in the tissues needed to provide optimal therapeutic outcome, remains a significant challenge. Here, key material properties and biological mechanisms for delivery of short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to effectively silence target-specific cells in vivo are identified. Using porous silicon nanoparticles as the siRNA host, tumor-targeting peptides for selective tissue homing, and fusogenic lipid coatings to induce fusion with the plasma membrane, it is shown that the uptake mechanism can be engineered to be independent of common receptor-mediated endocytosis pathways. Two examples of the potential broad clinical applicability of this concept in a mouse xenograft model of ovarian cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis are provided: silencing the Rev3l subunit of polymerase Pol ζ to impair DNA repair in combination with cisplatin; and reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages into a proinflammatory state.
Metal–supported catalysts encapsulated in mesoporous solids: Challenges and opportunities of a model concept (2013)

Abstract An overview of work with model systems designed to study metal–support interactions in heterogeneous catalysts is given. In these models, metal and support are both miniaturized by introduction as guests into a mesoporous host. The use of such models is demonstrated with AuTiO 2 clusters encaged in MCM‐48, and CuZnO clusters encapsulated in siliceous mesopore systems and in carbon nanotubes. The models promise a better opportunity to track changes in the support component during catalyst activation and catalysis, including the action of poisons that may at first be trapped on the support surface. Challenges to be met are the stabilization of the mesoporous matrix during synthesis and catalysis, possible reactivity of the matrix surface towards any of the catalyst components, as well as clustering and segregation of the latter from the matrix. The challenges were encountered as pore damage during preparation of AuTiO 2 /MCM‐48 catalysts, as deactivating interactions of siliceous walls with zinc ions during deposition of zinc species from aqueous media, and as clustering of the Cu component during calcination and reduction. Among the conclusions drawn from the studies are the irrelevance of order at the AuTiO 2 interface (and, hence, of epitaxy and of crystal strain in gold) for high activity of Au/TiO 2 catalysts in CO oxidation. In the models for CuZnO methanol synthesis catalysts, two different types of CuZn interaction could be observed: a direct contact between Zn 2+ and Cu(0) under strong reducing conditions, and the formation of alloy nanoparticles (nano‐brass). A discussion of the relevance of these interactions for the methanol synthesis reaction is given.
Structural Analysis of an Antigen Chemically Coupled on Virus‐Like Particles in Vaccine Formulation (2021)

Structure determination of adjuvant-coupled antigens is essential for rational vaccine development but has so far been hampered by the relatively low antigen content in vaccine formulations and by their heterogeneous composition. Here we show that magic-angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR can be used to assess the structure of the influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk long alpha helix antigen, both in its free, unformulated form and once chemically coupled to the surface of large virus-like particles (VLPs). The sensitivity boost provided by high-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) and proton detection at fast MAS rates allows to overcome the penalty associated with the antigen dilution. Comparison of the MAS NMR fingerprints between the free and VLP-coupled forms of the antigen provides structural evidence of the conservation of its native fold upon bioconjugation. This work demonstrates that high-sensitivity MAS NMR is ripe to play a major role in vaccine design, formulation studies, and manufacturing process development.
Design and implementation of a comprehensive real-time java virtual machine (2007)

The emergence of standards for programming real-time systems in Java has encouraged many developers to consider its use for systems previously only built using C, Ada, or assembly language. However, the RTSJ standard in isolation leaves many important problems unaddressed, and suffers from some serious problems in usability and safety.
Concise Stereoselective Routes to Advanced Intermediates Related to Natural and Unnatural Pinnaic Acid (2001)

Wichtige Zwischenverbindungen: In einem Ansatz zur Synthese und Bestimmung der Konfiguration von Pinnasäure wurden die beiden epimeren C14-Aldehyde 1 und 2 aus dem Meyers-Lactam 3 hergestellt. Ein Schlüsselschritt bei dieser Parallelsynthese ist die hoch stereoselektive vinyloge Michael-Cyclisierung.
Novel Recycling System of Sn-Ag-Cu Alloy Particles in Wasted Solder Paste (2009)

Abstract not Available.
Crystal structure of the conserved protein TTHA0727 from Thermus thermophilus HB8 at 1.9 Å resolution: A CMD family member distinct from carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase (CMD) and AhpD (2006)

TTHA0727 is a conserved hypothetical protein from Thermus thermophilus HB8, with a molecular mass of 12.6 kDa. TTHA0727 belongs to the carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase (CMD) family (Pfam 02627). A sequence comparison with its homologs suggested that TTHA0727 is a distinct protein from alkylhydroperoxidase AhpD and gamma-carboxymuconolactone decarboxylase in the CMD family. Here we report the 1.9 A crystal structure of TTHA0727 (PDB ID: 2CWQ) determined by the multiwavelength anomalous dispersion method. The TTHA0727 monomer structure consists of seven alpha-helices (alpha1-alpha7) and one short 3(10)-helix. The crystal structure and the analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that TTHA0727 forms a hexameric ring structure in solution. The electrostatic potential distribution on the solvent-accessible surface of the TTHA0727 hexamer showed that positively charged regions exist on the side of the ring structure, suggesting that TTHA0727 interacts with some negatively charged molecules. A structural homology search revealed that the structure of three alpha-helices (alpha4-alpha6) is remarkably conserved, suggesting that it is the common structural motif for the CMD family proteins. In addition, the nine residues of the N-terminal tag bound to the cleft region between alpha1 and alpha3 in chains A and B of TTHA0727, implying that this region is the putative binding/active site for some small molecules.
Single-Crystal Polycationic Polymers Obtained by Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Photopolymerization (2020)

The efficient preparation of single-crystalline ionic polymers and fundamental understanding of their structure-property relationships at the molecular level remains a challenge in chemistry and materials science. Here, we describe the single-crystal structure of a highly ordered polycationic polymer (polyelectrolyte) and its proton conductivity. The polyelectrolyte single crystals can be prepared on a gram-scale in quantitative yield, by taking advantage of an ultraviolet/sunlight-induced topochemical polymerization, from a tricationic monomer-a self-complementary building block possessing a preorganized conformation. A single-crystal-to-single-crystal photopolymerization was revealed unambiguously by in situ single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, which was also employed to follow the progression of molecular structure from the monomer, to a partially polymerized intermediate, and, finally, to the polymer itself. Collinear polymer chains are held together tightly by multiple Coulombic interactions involving counterions to form two-dimensional lamellar sheets (1 nm in height) with sub-nanometer pores (5 Å). The polymer is extremely stable under 254 nm light irradiation and high temperature (above 500 K). The extraordinary mechanical strength and environmental stability-in combination with its impressive proton conductivity (∼3 × 10<sup>-4</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup>)-endow the polymer with potential applications as a robust proton-conducting material. By marrying supramolecular chemistry with macromolecular science, the outcome represents a major step toward the controlled synthesis of single-crystalline polyelectrolyte materials with perfect tacticity.