gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid organic–inorganic structured materials as single-site heterogeneous catalysts (2012)

Catalyst selectivity is associated with well-defined homogeneous active sites. Transition metal complexes and organocatalysts are highly active and selective in the homogeneous phase, and their heterogenization by incorporating them into inorganic solid materials allows combining their excellent catalytic activity with improved separation, recovering and recycling properties. In this article, we present the structural characteristics and catalytic properties of hybrid organic–inorganic materials in which the molecular catalysts are part of the inorganic structure, emphasizing the possibilities of periodic mesoporous hybrid materials and coordination polymers as single-site solid catalysts.
Macrocyclic CuII4and CuII2MIIcomplexes. Structure of a heterotrinuclear CuII2ZnIIcomplex exhibiting a helical twist (1995)

Three heterotrinuclear complexes [Cu2Zn(HL)][CIO4]3·3H2O 1, [Cu2Mg(HL)][CIO4]3·2H2O 2 and [Cu2Mg(HL)][NO3]3·3H2O 3 and two tetranuclear complexes [Cu4L][CIO4]4·4H2O 4 and [Cu4L(µ3-OH)][CIO4]3·MeOH 5 have been synthesized from a 38-membered macrocycle (H4L) having eight amine and four phenol functionalities. The compounds have been characterized on the basis of IR, UV/VIS and ESR spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Their redox chemistry has been studied by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined. The two copper centers have N2O2 square-planar co-ordination environments and the zinc has a trigonal-bipyramidal geometry with N3O2 donors; one of the copper(II) ions is bridged to the zinc(II) ion by two phenolate oxygens. The cation in 1 has a helically twisted configuration.
Abstract IA02: Advances in drug delivery (2017)

Abstract Advanced drug delivery systems are having an enormous impact on human health. We start by discussing our early research on developing the first controlled release systems for macromolecules and the isolation of angiogenesis inhibitors and how these led to numerous new cancer therapies. New drug delivery technologies including nanoparticles and nanotechnology are now being studied for use treating cancer and other illnesses. We will also discuss novel super long acting oral drug delivery systems as well as ways of developing novel microchips for drug delivery and how they also can be used for designing personalized cancer drug regimens. Finally, we will discuss new approaches for cell therapy based on a novel method of “squeezing” materials into cells. Citation Format: Robert S. Langer. Advances in drug delivery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Engineering and Physical Sciences in Oncology; 2016 Jun 25-28; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA02.
Safety profile of lamotrigine in overdose (2016)

Even though lamotrigine has been reported to be well tolerated, there is a risk of toxic effects which can be life threatening in overdose. This needs to be borne in mind when prescribing to patients at an increased risk of deliberate drug overdose.
Effects of Alloying Elements on SiC Dispersion in Liquid Aluminum (1990)

The effects of alloying elements on dispersion of SiC particles into molten aluminum were investigated. The time required for incorporation of SiC particle into molten aluminum was defined as an incorporation time. The incorporation time of SiC was shortened by alloying magnesium, or by alloying titanium together with tin. These alloying elements have strong affinity for SiC and are able to form silicide as a result of reaction with SiC. Magnesium silicide was detected by EPMA, although the existence of titanium silicide could not be conformed. The incorporation time of SiC was prolonged by adding zinc, copper and tin which have no affinity for SiC. Moreover, particulate dispersion is considerably influenced by surface-active elements. The incorporation time of SiC particle was shortened by adding lithium which is a surface-active element with strong affinity for SiC, whereas it was prolonged by adding surface-active elements with weak affinity for SiC such as lead and bismuth. This is probably because lead and bismuth adsorb at the interface and hinder the wetting between SiC particle and molten aluminum. The addition of silicon into aluminum prolonged the incorporation time of SiC because the dissociation of SiC, that might be necessary for good wetting, was retarded by the existence of silicon.
Phosphonopeptides Revisited, in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance (2020)

Given the increase in resistance to antibacterial agents, there is an urgent need for the development of new agents with novel modes of action. As an interim solution, it is also prudent to reinvestigate old or abandoned antibacterial compounds to assess their efficacy in the context of widespread resistance to conventional agents. In the 1970s, much work was performed on the development of peptide mimetics, exemplified by the phosphonopeptide, alafosfalin. We investigated the activity of alafosfalin, di-alanyl fosfalin and β-chloro-L-alanyl-β-chloro-L-alanine against 297 bacterial isolates, including carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) (<i>n</i> = 128), methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) (<i>n</i> = 37) and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) (<i>n</i> = 43). The interaction of alafosfalin with meropenem was also examined against 20 isolates of CPE. The MIC<sub>50</sub> and MIC<sub>90</sub> of alafosfalin for CPE were 1 mg/L and 4 mg/L, respectively and alafosfalin acted synergistically when combined with meropenem against 16 of 20 isolates of CPE. Di-alanyl fosfalin showed potent activity against glycopeptide-resistant isolates of <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> (MIC<sub>90</sub>; 0.5 mg/L) and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (MIC<sub>90</sub>; 2 mg/L). Alafosfalin was only moderately active against MRSA (MIC<sub>90</sub>; 8 mg/L), whereas β-chloro-L-alanyl-β-chloro-L-alanine was slightly more active (MIC<sub>90</sub>; 4 mg/L). This study shows that phosphonopeptides, including alafosfalin, may have a therapeutic role to play in an era of increasing antibacterial resistance.
Changing Crohn's disease management: Need for new goals and indices to prevent disability and improve quality of life (2012)

Crohn's disease is a destructive, inflammatory condition. The recent IMPACT survey showed that it has a major impact on quality of life including fatigue, relationships and employment. Although patients are generally satisfied with healthcare services, improvements are needed in the timeliness of diagnosis and in communication between patients and healthcare professionals. Evidence is lacking about what constitutes quality of care and value to patients. Moving forward, value should become the primary goal of healthcare delivery, which is likely to require new treatment goals. Indeed, goals are already evolving beyond symptom control towards deep remission, which encompasses clinical remission together with mucosal healing. The ultimate goals are to prevent bowel damage, reduce long-term disability and maintain normal quality of life. A new treat-to-target approach, with increased monitoring and tighter control of symptoms and inflammation, will be needed. This approach will be enabled by use of biomarkers and new indices such as the Lémann score, which assesses the extent and severity of bowel damage at a specific time-point and over time, and a new disability index for patients with inflammatory bowel disease. These principles have been adopted for managing rheumatoid arthritis where there is now a focus on treat-to-target to achieve early remission. Lessons from rheumatoid arthritis can be translated to Crohn's disease.
Convective heat transfer during endometrial cryoablation using PFC fluid (2003)

Presents experimental and numerical studies of convective heat transfer inside a uterus model simulating the application of a Perfluoro-chemical (PFC) fluid into the endometrium cavity to achieve cryoablation. The numerical prediction is based on a 1-D finite difference method of the bio-heat equation using the Crank Nicolson scheme. The numerical method is first validated by a 1-D physical model by measuring temperature history at several locations within a silicone rubber sheet. The heat flux and heat transfer coefficient of PFC during the process are determined.
Maintaining shared belief in a large multiagent team (2007)

A cooperative team's performance strongly depends on the view that the team has of the environment in which it operates. In a team with many autonomous vehicles and many sensors, there is a large volume of information available from which to create that view. However, typically communication bandwidth limitations prevent all sensor readings being shared with all other team members. This paper presents three policies for sharing information in a large team that balance the value of information against communication costs. Analytical and empirical evidence of their effectiveness is provided. The results show that using some easily obtainable probabilistic information about the team dramatically improves overall belief sharing performance. Specifically, by collectively estimating the value of a piece of information, the team can make most efficient use of its communication resources.
AN ITERATIVE SEGMENTATION ALGORITHM FOR AUDIO SIGNAL SPECTRA DEPENDING ON ESTIMATED LOCAL CENTERS OF GRAVITY (2009)

Modern music production and sound generation often relies on manipulation of pre-recorded pieces of audio, so-called samples, taken from a huge database. Consequently, there is a increasing re-quest to extensively adapt these samples to any new musical con-text in a flexible way. For this purpose, advanced digital signal processing is needed in order to realize audio effects like pitch shifting, time stretching or harmonization. Often, a key part of these processing methods is a signal adaptive, block based spec-tral segmentation operation. Hence, we propose a novel algorithm for such a spectral segmentation based on local centers of gravity (COG). The method was originally developed as part of a multi-band modulation decomposition for audio signals. Nevertheless, this algorithm can also be used in the more general context of im-proved vocoder related applications. 1.
The Discovery of Potent Antitumor Agent C11-Deoxypsymberin/irciniastatin A: Total Synthesis and Biology of Advanced Psymberin Analogs (2009)

Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies by modification of the unsaturated side chain of potent anticancer marine natural product psymberin/irciniastatin A (1) suggest that substitution at C4 and C5 is important for the cytotoxicity of psymberin, but the terminal double bond is not essential for activity. An aryl group is a good replacement for the olefin. The total synthesis of structurally simplified C11-deoxypsymberin (29) was completed, and its activity is consistently more potent than the natural product which provides a unique opportunity for further SAR studies in the psymberin and pederin family. Preliminary mechanism studies suggest the mode of action of psymberin is through cell apoptosis.
Large area organic light emitting diodes with multilayered graphene anodes (2012)

In this work, we demonstrate fully uniform blue fluorescence graphene anode OLEDs, which have an emission area of 10×7 mm<sup>2</sup>. Catalytically grown multilayered graphene films have been used as the anode material. In order to compensate the current drop, which is due to the graphene’s electrical resistance, we have furnished metal bus lines on the support. Processing and optical issues involved in graphene anode OLED fabrications are presented. The fabricated OLEDs with graphene anode showed comparable performances to that of ITO anode OLEDs. Our works shows that metal bus furnished graphene anode can be extended into large area OLED lighting applications in which flexibility and transparency is required.
Synthesis of (±)-Emtricitabine and (±)-Lamivudine by Chlorotrimethylsilane-Sodium Iodide Promoted Vorbrüggen Glycosylation (2021)

By simply adding water and sodium iodide (NaI) to chlorotrimethylsilane (TMSCl), promotion of a Vorbrüggen glycosylation en route to essential HIV drugs emtricitabine (FTC) and lamivudine (3TC) is achieved. TMSCl-NaI in wet solvent (0.1 M water) activates a 1,3-oxathiolanyl acetate donor for N-glycosylation of silylated cytosine derivatives, leading to cis ox-athiolane products with up to 95% yield and &gt;20:1 dr. This telescoped sequence is followed by recrystallization and borohydride reduction, resulting in rapid synthesis of (±)-FTC/3TC from an achiral tartrate ester.
Aging of Cultured Human Skin Fibroblasts (2003)

Since the seminal observations of Hayflick and Moorhead () that cultured human fibroblasts have a finite replicative lifespan, study of in vitro cellular senescence has provided a foundation for understanding organismal aging.
Re: Reporter Nanoparticle that Monitors its Anticancer Efficacy in Real Time (2016)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative Urology1 Oct 2016Re: Reporter Nanoparticle that Monitors its Anticancer Efficacy in Real Time Anthony AtalaMD Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2016.07.046AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: Reporter Nanoparticle that Monitors its Anticancer Efficacy in Real Time." The Journal of Urology, 196(4), pp. 1313–1314 © 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 196Issue 4October 2016Page: 1313-1314 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony Atala More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Characterization Test of the 12.5-kW Advanced Electric Propulsion System Engineering Test Unit Hall Thruster (2020)

This work presents a summary of the detailed characterization test of the 12.5 kW Advanced Electric Propulsion System (AEPS) Engineering Test Unit 2 (ETU-2) thruster produced by Aerojet Rocketdyne. This test campaign had two major goals: to assess the risk of design compliance with thruster requirements and provide a comparison to the previously-tested NASA Hall Effect Rocket with Magnet Shielding (HERMeS) Technology Demonstration Units (TDUs) from which the AEPS ETU design was derived. Assessments of ETU-2 performance and stability were conducted for discharge powers of 6.25 to 13.1 kW, magnetic field strengths between 75% and 125% of nominal, cathode flow fractions between 5% and 10%, and nominal and reversed magnetic field polarities. The results from each of these test segments indicate that ETU-2 performance meets or exceeds all the AEPS thruster performance requirements and matches the values and trends previously measured with the HERMeS TDUs. In addition, similar to the HERMeS TDUs, ETU-2 performance showed minimal sensitivity to both electrical and pressure facility effects. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that the AEPS design is successfully replicating the performance of the HERMeS TDUs and has high probability of compliance with the performance requirements as the design progresses to its Critical Design Review.
Fabrication and Characterization of Metal-Ferroelectric-Metal-Insulator-Semiconductor (MFMIS) Structures Using Ferroelectric (Bi, La)4Ti3O12 Films (2001)

We have fabricated and characterized Pt/(Bi, La) 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BLT)/Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor (MFMIS) structures for ferroelectric-gate transistor applications. It is demonstrated that BLT films fabricated using the metalorganic decomposition (MOD) technique at 750°C have excellent electrical properties. Remanent polarization 2 P r as large as 30 µC/cm 2 can be obtained. It is also shown that in the memory window increases with the area ratio S F : S M of the MFMIS structure and that a large memory window (3 V) can be obtained for a voltage sweep of ±5 V for MFMIS structures with an area ratio S F : S M of 1:15. In addition, it is demonstrated that MFMIS structures with an area ratio S F : S M of 1:15 have good data retention characteristics.
Constant Propeller Thrust Control Using Linear Approximation Observer for 4-axis Electric Propulsion Ship (2016)

Electric ship attracted attention in ship industry because it has a merit of improving manueverability. In early study, 4-axis electric propulsion ship has proposed which recognized to improves ship motion control. 4-axis electric propulsion ship can control surge and yaw and roll suppression at the same time. however accurate thrust control is required. In this paper, linear approximation propeller thrust observer and thrust control is proposed and verified by simulation. Result of simulations suggest that proposed method can accurately estimate propeller thrust.
Nutrition and physical activity in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia: systematic review (2017)

Physical exercise has a positive impact on muscle mass and muscle function in healthy subjects aged 60 years and older. The biggest effect of exercise intervention, of any type, has been seen on physical performance (gait speed, chair rising test, balance, SPPB test, etc.). We observed huge variations in regard to the dietary supplementation protocols. Based on the included studies, mainly performed on well-nourished subjects, the interactive effect of dietary supplementation on muscle function appears limited.
Electrochemical Behavior of Mordant Red 19 and its Complexes with Light Lanthanides (1993)

Mordant Red 19(MR19) is reduced at mercury electrode at -0.67 V vs. Ag/AgCl with two electrons per molecule in pH 9.2 buffer by differential pulse polarography and linear sweep voltammetry. The peak potential is dependent on the pH of solution. The exhaustive electrolysis, however, gives 4 electrons per molecule because of the disproportionation of the unstable hydrazo intermediate. The electrochemical reduction of lanthanide-MR19 complexes is observed at more cathodic potential than that of free ligand. The difference in peak potentials between complex and free ligand varies from 75 mV for to 165 mV for and increases with increasing the atomic number of lanthanide. The electrochemical reduction of lanthanide complexes with MR19 is due to the reduction of ligand itself, and it can be potentially useful as an indirect method for the determination of lanthanides. The shape of i-E curves and the scan rate dependence indicates the presence of adsorption and the adsorption was confirmed by potential double-step chronocoulometry and the effect of standing time. Also the surface excess of the adsorbed species and diffusion coefficients are determined. The composition of the complex is determined to be 1 : 2 by spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods.
Recent Progress in Functional Nanomaterials towards the Storage, Separation, and Removal of Tritium (2023)

Tritium is a sustainable next-generation prime fuel for generating nuclear energy through fusion reactions to fulfill the increasing global energy demand. Owing to the scarcity-high demand tradeoff, tritium must be bred inside a fusion reactor to ensure sustainability and must therefore be separated from its isotopes (protium and deuterium) in pure form, stored safely, and supplied on demand. Existing multistage isotope separation technologies exhibit low separation efficiency and require intensive energy inputs and large capital investments. Furthermore, tritium-contaminated heavy water constitutes a major fraction of nuclear waste, and accidents like the one at Fukushima Daiichi leave behind thousands of tons of diluted tritiated water, whose removal is beneficial from an environmental point of view. In this review, the recent progress and main research trends in hydrogen isotope storage and separation by focusing on the use of metal hydride (e.g., intermetallic, and high-entropy alloys), porous (e.g., zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs)), and 2-D layered (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and MXenes) materials to separate and store tritium based on their diverse functionalities are discussed. Finally, the challenges and future directions for implementing tritium storage and separation are summarized in the reviewed materials.
Considerations for Static Energy Reduction in Digital CMOS ICs Using NEMS Power Gating (2017)

Due to its infinite OFF resistance, Nano-Electro-Mechanical Switches (NEMS) have been recently proposed to reduce leakage current during the standby mode in large-scale Digital ICs in nano regime area. However, detailed analysis of the conditions at which the NEMS devices will have impact is missing. In this brief, the technique of power gating is analyzed with a NEMS switch using detailed circuit level simulations to obtain the conditions under which one can obtain net energy savings as compared with FinFET-based power gating. Finally, applicability in the energy reduction on a futuristic system-on-chip for mobile platform made using 14 nm gate length FinFET device is evaluated.
Spatial inter-centromeric interactions facilitated the emergence of evolutionary new centromeres (2020)

Centromeres of <i>Candida albicans</i> form on unique and different DNA sequences but a closely related species, <i>Candida tropicalis</i>, possesses homogenized inverted repeat (HIR)-associated centromeres. To investigate the mechanism of centromere type transition, we improved the fragmented genome assembly and constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly of <i>C. tropicalis</i> by employing PacBio sequencing, chromosome conformation capture sequencing (3C-seq), chromoblot, and genetic analysis of engineered aneuploid strains. Further, we analyzed the 3D genome organization using 3C-seq data, which revealed spatial proximity among the centromeres as well as telomeres of seven chromosomes in <i>C. tropicalis</i>. Intriguingly, we observed evidence of inter-centromeric translocations in the common ancestor of <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>C. tropicalis</i>. Identification of putative centromeres in closely related <i>Candida sojae</i>, <i>Candida viswanathii</i> and <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> indicates loss of ancestral HIR-associated centromeres and establishment of evolutionary new centromeres (ENCs) in <i>C. albicans</i>. We propose that spatial proximity of the homologous centromere DNA sequences facilitated karyotype rearrangements and centromere type transitions in human pathogenic yeasts of the CUG-Ser1 clade.
First-Order PMD Monitoring for NRZ Data Using RF Clock Regeneration Techniques (2004)

We propose and demonstrate two novel techniques for 10 Gb/s polarization-mode-dispersion (PMD) monitoring for NRZ signals that use a regenerated RF clock tone as a monitoring signal. Our techniques regenerate the RF clock tone that is usually absent after square-law detection in the electrical NRZ data spectrum (in the absence of dispersion). Our first technique uses a dispersive element in the monitoring tap-line to put the beat terms between the optical clock sidebands and the carrier in phase and thus regenerates the RF clock tone after detection. Our second technique involves the use of an optical filter that is centered at the bit rate frequency on either the upper or lower sideband of the optical spectrum, removing one of the sidebands and thus preventing the beating that normally cancels the RF clock tone. We show (theoretically, via simulation, and experimentally) the effect that PMD has on these regenerated RF clock tones. We also demonstrate PMD compensation at 10 Gb/s using these techniques for monitoring and show a 6-dB improvement in the 1% power penalty tail. Our techniques are simple, do not require modification at the transmitter, and can be applied to WDM systems via the use of a multichannel dispersive element or a tunable filter swept across all channels.