gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physics, technology, and modeling of polysilicon emitter contacts for VLSI bipolar transistors (1986)

The physics of minority-carrier injection into polysilicon-contacted emitters has been studied through a series of experiments correlating the base current of the transistor to the structure of the polysilicon/single-crystal silicon interface. Most of the relevant material and processing parameters have been examined. In addition, a novel approach has been taken in the modeling of transport in these emitters to quantify the minority-carrier blocking properties of the polysilicon contacts. Experimental results show that extremely low values of base current can be obtained for devices etched in HF prior to the polysilicon deposition, i.e., devices with only a remnant "native" oxide layer at the polysilicon/single-crystal silicon interface. For these devices, the base current is mainly determined by the recombination and blocking of minority carriers at the polysilicon/monosilicon interface. A number of competing mechanisms exist in several domains of doping, temperature, and time which influence the properties of this interface. One of these mechanisms is the blocking of minority carriers by the native oxide layer itself. The uniformity and, consequently, the blocking characteristics of this layer were found to be strongly affected by the polysilicon doping level and thermal treatment.
High-Q High Power Tunable Filters Manufactured With Injection Molding Technology (2022)

This paper presents the first demonstration of injection molding technology to enable large-scale mass manufacturing of high-performance tunable microwave filters to meet the growing needs of 5G small cell stations. This is the first time that a tunable filter satisfies all four of the following requirements simultaneously: low manufacturing cost, high quality factor, wide tuning range, and high power handling. Exhaustive research exists on the use of polymers for 3D microwave device manufacturing; nonetheless, mass-production technologies, such as injection molding, can provide low costs without compromising performance. The proposed bandpass filter implementation uses a tunable evanescent-mode cavity resonator injection molded with an acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene thermoplastic polymer. In addition, changing the critical gap size over the resonator’s post using a commercial microactuator provides frequency tuning. The measured filter achieves an 86% tuning range from 2.8 – 5.2 GHz with a state-of-the-art measured unloaded quality factor <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q_{u}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of 1548 – 2573. The filter has a measured insertion loss of 0.06 - 0.1 dB with a fractional bandwidth from 7.6 - 8.4% across the entire tuning range. Moreover, for the first time in this manufacturing technology implementation, a bandpass filter is demonstrated with power handling capabilities beyond 100 W. The manufactured device demonstrates the significant potential of this technology for the scale-up manufacturing of reconfigurable high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> RF filters without compromising the performance.
A test structure for statistical evaluation of pn junction leakage current based on CMOS image sensor technology (2010)

We propose a test structure to enable us to evaluate statistical distributions of small pn junction leakage currents of numerous samples in a very short time (0.1 – 10 fA, 28,672 n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /p diodes in 0.77s). This test structure is based on a CMOS active pixel image sensor, which contains a current-to-voltage conversion function by a capacitor and amplifiers of voltage signals in each pixel. The test structure can be designed easily because of a small number of mask layer requirements (at least one metal layer). Its simplicity has considerable benefits such as an easy fabrication for various processes without exceptional cares and also produces usefulness of statistical evaluation for anomalous pn junction leakage phenomena such as extremely large currents or dynamic and quantum fluctuations which show more and more as the device dimension shrinks.
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Alternative Splicing of Caspase 9 Is Modulated by the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway via Phosphorylation of SRp30a (2023)

Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from Alternative Splicing of Caspase 9 Is Modulated by the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway via Phosphorylation of SRp30a
Molekulare Erkennung in der aktiven Tasche der Catechol‐O‐ Methyltransferase: energetisch günstige Verdrängung eines von einem Bisubstratinhibitor importierten Wassermoleküls (2009)

Verdrängungswettbewerb: Der Bindungsmodus hochpotenter Bisubstratinhibitoren der Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) wurde durch Kristallstrukturanalysen des ternären Komplexes mit COMT und Mg2+ bestimmt. Ein einzelnes, vom Liganden importiertes Wassermolekül wird verdrängt, wobei mindestens eine freie Bindungsenthalpie in Höhe von −1.8 kcal mol−1 gewonnen wird, welche die energetisch ungünstige Konformation des Liganden im gebundenen Zustand kompensiert. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Novel Route to Preussomerins via 2-Arylacetal Anions (2000)

[reaction--see text] Dimerization of salicylaldehydes provided 6H,12H-6,12-epoxydibenzo[b, f][1,5]dioxocins in multigram quantities. Deprotonation-allylation of the benzylic acetals followed by further functionalization of the diallyl derivative and double Friedel-Crafts cyclization gave a novel preussomerin analogue which possessed the full carbon skeleton of the natural products.
Predictive control for agile semi-autonomous ground vehicles using motion primitives (2012)

This paper presents a hierarchical control framework for the obstacle avoidance of autonomous and semi-autonomous ground vehicles. The high-level planner is based on motion primitives created from a four-wheel nonlinear dynamic model. Parameterized clothoids and drifting maneuvers are used to improve vehicle agility. The low-level tracks the planned trajectory with a nonlinear Model Predictive Controller. The first part of the paper describes the proposed control architecture and methodology. The second part presents simulative and experimental results with an autonomous and semi-autonomous ground vehicle traveling at high speed on an icy surface.
In defense of the quasimolecular ion (2020)

The term quasimolecular ion has been used to describe ions comprising a molecule and weakly bound positive or negative ion or an ion formed by the loss of a proton from a molecule. This term was used in mass spectrometry from the late 1960s after the development of chemical ionization but has been deprecated in recent terms recommendations due to what is perceived as its overly broad use. This letter argues that the term is well defined and has a long history of use in mass spectrometry and other fields and should be considered as a recommended term.
Rear surface passivation of ultra-thin CIGS solar cells using atomic layer deposited HfOx (2020)

In this work, hafnium oxide layer is investigated as rear surface passivation layer for ultra-thin (550 nm) CIGS solar cells. Point contact openings in the passivation layer are realized by spin-coating potassium fluoride prior to absorber layer growth. Contacts are formed during absorber layer growth and visualized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). To assess the passivating qualities, HfO x was applied in a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) structure, and it demonstrates a low interface trap density in combination with a negative density of charges. Since we used ultra-thin devices that are ideal to probe improvements at the rear, solar cell results indicated improvements in all cell parameters by the addition of 2 nm thick HfO x passivation layer with contact openings.
Trigger Factor Binding to Ribosomes with Nascent Peptide Chains of Varying Lengths and Sequences (2006)

Trigger factor (TF) is the first protein-folding chaperone to interact with a nascent peptide chain as it emerges from the ribosome. Here, we have used a spin down assay to estimate the affinities for the binding of TF to ribosome nascent chain complexes (RNCs) with peptides of varying lengths and sequences. An in vitro system for protein synthesis assembled from purified Escherichia coli components was used to produce RNCs stalled on truncated mRNAs. The affinity of TF to RNCs exposing RNA polymerase sequences increased with the length of the nascent peptides. TF bound to RNA polymerase RNCs with significantly higher affinity than to inner membrane protein leader peptidase and bacterioopsin RNCs. The latter two RNCs are substrates for signal recognition particle, suggesting complementary affinities of TF and signal recognition particle to nascent peptides targeted for cytoplasm and membrane.
Parameters affecting high performance liquid chromatographic separations of neurohypophyseal peptide hormones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTParameters affecting high performance liquid chromatographic separations of neurohypophyseal peptide hormonesDennis D. Blevins, Michael F. Burke, and Victor J. HrubyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 3, 420–424Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50053a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50053a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of Norwalk Virus in Outbreaks of Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis (1979)

Twenty-five separate outbreaks of nonbacterial gastrointestinal illnesses were studied serologically for evidence of infection with the Norwalk virus and the rotaviruses that affect humans. Eight of 25 outbreaks appeared to be related to the Norwalk virus. In one of the 25 outbreaks, there was evidence of rotavirus infection. These observations suggest that the Norwalk virus or serologically related agents play an important role in epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis in adults and older children.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Rapid Expansion of Highly Functional Antigen-Specific T Cells from Patients with Melanoma by Nanoscale Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Nano-aAPC expanded CD8+ T-cells targeting gp100.&lt;/p&gt;
Percutaneous Coronary Angioscopy: Applications in Interventional Cardiology (1993)

We performed percutaneous coronary angioscopy in 35 patients to study the surface morphology of coronary artery lesions. Twenty-five patients had angioscopy performed in conjunction with PTCA, including 20 patients with de novo lesions (16 patients with unstable angina, four patients with stable angina), and five patients with restenosis lesions. Ten cardiac transplant patients had angioscopy performed in conjunction with annual follow-up angiography in attempt to identify accelerated atherosclerotic lesions. There were no complications of angioscopy in any patient. There were no intracoronary thrombi seen either by angiography or angioscopy in the stable angina patients. In the unstable angina group, angiography identified thrombus in 2 out of 16 (12.5%) versus 15 out of 16 (94%) (P less than 0.001) with angioscopy. Following angioplasty, dissections were seen angiographically in 7 out of 16 (44%) of patients versus 16 of 16 (100%) of the patients by angioscopy (P less than 0.01). Restenosis lesions were characterized by a white, fibrous appearance instead of the usual yellow color of primary atherosclerotic lesions. In the ten cardiac transplant patients, angioscopy appeared to be more sensitive than angiography for the detection of atherosclerosis. Yellow (atherosclerotic) and white (fibrotic) plaques were seen in the transplant patients, which often were not detected by angiography. In summary, angioscopy is an excellent tool for visualizing the surface morphology of coronary artery lesions. The clinical indications for angioscopy remain undefined at present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An Application of the BGP Community Attribute in Multi-home Routing (1996)

This document presents an application of the BGP community attribute [2] in simplifying the implementation and configuration of routing policies in the multi-provider Internet. It shows how the community based configuration can be used to replace the AS-based customization of the BGP LOCAL_PREF attribute, a common method used today. Not only does the technique presented simplifies configuration and management at the provider level, it also represents a paradigm shift in that it gives the potential for the customer to control its own routing policy with respect to its service provider, as well as providing the ability for policy configuration to be done at a prefix based granularity rather than the more common AS based granularity.
Optimal Algorithm Selection in Multimodal Medical Image Registration (2021)

Many medical applications benefit from the diversity inherent in imaging technologies to obtain more reliable diagnoses and assessments. Typically, the images obtained from multiple sources are acquired at distinct times and from different viewpoints, rendering a multitude of challenges for the registration process. Furthermore, different areas of the human body require disparate registration functional capabilities and degrees of accuracy. Thus, the benefit attained from the image multiplicity hinges heavily on the imaging modalities employed as well as the accuracy of the alignment process. It is no surprise then that a wide range of registration techniques has emerged in the last two decades. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that despite the many attempts, no registration technique has been able to deliver the required accuracy consistently under diverse operating conditions. This paper introduces a novel method for achieving multimodal medical image registration based on exploiting the complementary and competitive nature of the algorithmic approaches behind a wide range of registration techniques. First, a thorough investigation of a wide range of registration algorithms is conducted for the purpose of understanding and quantifying their registration capabilities as well as the influence of their control parameters. Subsequently, a supervised randomized machine learning strategy is proposed for selecting the best registration algorithm for a given registration instance, and for determining the optimal control parameters for such algorithm. Several experiments have been conducted to verify the capabilities of the proposed selection strategy with respect to registration reliability, accuracy, and robustness.
Informatics in Radiology: RADTF: A Semantic Search–enabled, Natural Language Processor–generated Radiology Teaching File (2010)

Storing and retrieving radiology cases is an important activity for education and clinical research, but this process can be time-consuming. In the process of structuring reports and images into organized teaching files, incidental pathologic conditions not pertinent to the primary teaching point can be omitted, as when a user saves images of an aortic dissection case but disregards the incidental osteoid osteoma. An alternate strategy for identifying teaching cases is text search of reports in radiology information systems (RIS), but retrieved reports are unstructured, teaching-related content is not highlighted, and patient identifying information is not removed. Furthermore, searching unstructured reports requires sophisticated retrieval methods to achieve useful results. An open-source, RadLex(®)-compatible teaching file solution called RADTF, which uses natural language processing (NLP) methods to process radiology reports, was developed to create a searchable teaching resource from the RIS and the picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The NLP system extracts and de-identifies teaching-relevant statements from full reports to generate a stand-alone database, thus converting existing RIS archives into an on-demand source of teaching material. Using RADTF, the authors generated a semantic search-enabled, Web-based radiology archive containing over 700,000 cases with millions of images. RADTF combines a compact representation of the teaching-relevant content in radiology reports and a versatile search engine with the scale of the entire RIS-PACS collection of case material.
Irrigation Regime and Honeybee Activity as Related to Seed Yield in Alfalfa1 (1980)

Abstract Seed yields of alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) vary capriciously in time and space. This variation seems mainly caused by the delicate interplay between plant factors monitored by soil moisture availability and the obligate tripping requirement of alfalfa flowers by pollinators. The object of this study was to quantify the main effects and interactions between water application to the alfalfa field and tripping by honeybees, to identify mechanisms which affect the seed yield and to suggest indices for their quantitative evaluation. A wide array of conditions differing in soil moisture and in tripping level was established in the sprinkler‐irrigated field. Observations were made on flowering and pod set of the plants and on the pollinating behavior of the bees. High water rates decreased seed yield. A moderate rate, applied at mid‐flowering to a relatively dry soil, markedly increased seed yield; the effect diminished toward the beginning of the end of flowering. The effect of water application depended also on the degree of tripping. The tripping pressure of honeybees (ie., their propensity to trip alfalfa flowers) was found to be inconsistent and seems to depend mainly on the availability of competing pollen sources. Dry and wet plots were equally welltripped under high tripping pressure and were neglected under low tripping pressure. Under moderate tripping pressure, pollen bees were attracted to dry plots earlier in the morning and in greater numbers than to wet plots, resulting in a higher percentage of tripped flowers, but the total number of tripped flowers was higher in the wet plots. Death of stem apices and a decrease in the rate of node formation were identified as mechanisms which regulate the duration and intensity of flowering and pod set.
Study of the stability and unfolding mechanism of BBA1 by molecular dynamics simulations at different temperatures (1999)

BBA1 is a designed protein that has only 23 residues. It is the smallest protein without disulfide bridges that has a well-defined tertiary structure in solution. We have performed unfolding molecular dynamics simulations on BBA1 and some of its mutants at 300, 330, 360, and 400 K to study their kinetic stability as well as the unfolding mechanism of BBA1. It was shown that the unfolding simulations can provide insights into the forces that stabilize the protein. Packing, hydrophobic interactions, and a salt bridge between Asp12 and Lys16 were found to be important to the protein's stability. The unfolding of BBA1 goes through two major steps: (1) disruption of the hydrophobic core and (2) unfolding of the helix. The beta-hairpin remains stable in the unfolding because of the high stability of the type II' turn connecting the two beta-strands.
Asymmetric Synthesis Using Cofactor-Requiring Enzymes (1982)

The use of cofactor-requiring enzymes as catalysts for large-scale requires efficient and economical procedures for in situ regeneration of these cofactors. This manuscript summarizes the procedures which are now available for cofactor preparation and regeneration. ATP can be effectively regenerated from ADP (and AMP) using acetyl phosphate and acetate kinase (and adenylate kinase), and it can be prepared inexpensively from RNA. Use of ATP-requiring enzymes is now routine (at least as far as the ATP regeneration is concerned). The use of the nicotinamide cofactors is more difficult, because these materials decompose in solution. The best procedure for regenerating NAD(P)H from NAD(P)+ are those based on formate/formate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and ethanol/alcohol dehydrogenase/aldehyde dehydrogenase. The best procedures for regenerating NAD(P)+ from NAD(P)H use dioxygen/methyl viologen or ketoglutarate/glutamic dehydrogenase.
Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 Receptor Activation In Vitro and In Vivo by Pro-tussive Agents: GRC 17536 as a Promising Anti-Tussive Therapeutic (2014)

Cough is a protective reflex action that helps clear the respiratory tract which is continuously exposed to airborne environmental irritants. However, chronic cough presents itself as a disease in its own right and despite its global occurrence; the molecular mechanisms responsible for cough are not completely understood. Transient receptor potential ankyrin1 (TRPA1) is robustly expressed in the neuronal as well as non-neuronal cells of the respiratory tract and is a sensor of a wide range of environmental irritants. It is fast getting acceptance as a key biological sensor of a variety of pro-tussive agents often implicated in miscellaneous chronic cough conditions. In the present study, we demonstrate in vitro direct functional activation of TRPA1 receptor by citric acid which is routinely used to evoke cough in preclinical and clinical studies. We also show for the first time that a potent and selective TRPA1 antagonist GRC 17536 inhibits citric acid induced cellular Ca(+2) influx in TRPA1 expressing cells and the citric acid induced cough response in guinea pigs. Hence our data provides a mechanistic link between TRPA1 receptor activation in vitro and cough response induced in vivo by citric acid. Furthermore, we also show evidence for TRPA1 activation in vitro by the TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8 ligands which are implicated in bacterial/respiratory virus pathogenesis often resulting in chronic cough. In conclusion, this study highlights the potential utility of TRPA1 antagonist such as GRC 17536 in the treatment of miscellaneous chronic cough conditions arising due to diverse causes but commonly driven via TRPA1.