gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ANATOMICAL LANDMARK SELECTION ON REGISTRATION ACCURACY IN COMPUTER-ASSISTED ELBOW SURGERY (2009)

Accurate implant alignment with the flexion-extension axis of the elbow is likely critical for optimal function and durability following elbow replacement arthroplasty. Implant alignment can be optimised by imaging the contralateral normal elbow prior to surgery and transferring this information to the diseased elbow in the operating room through registration. Successful registration is dependent on the presence of unique anatomical landmarks. Bone loss can create a challenge for registration as key anatomical landmarks are absent, limiting the number of sampling areas. This study investigated the effect of intraoperative sampling area on registration accuracy. We hypothesised that a low registration error can be achieved by acquiring surface data from areas unlikely compromised due to injury and readily available to the surgeon during typical surgical exposures. CT images of twenty cadaveric distal humeri were acquired. Surface data was acquired from nineteen anatomical landmarks of the distal humerus using a hand-held laser scanner (FastSCANTM, Polhemus). Registration to the CT image was performed for thirty-nine landmark combinations. Only six combinations are discussed for succinctness. Combining data from the anterior articular surface and humeral shaft, the lowest registration error was achieved in translation (0.8±0.3 mm) and rotation (0.3±0.2°). However, using data from the posterior shaft and proximal medial supracondylar column, a registration error of 1.1±0.2 mm and 0.4±0.2° was achieved. Based on the results of this study, a low registration error can be achieved by acquiring data from two areas that are located proximal to the articular surface (the proximal medial supracondylar column and posterior humeral shaft), readily available surgically, and unlikely compromised due to distal humeral fractures, non-unions or bone loss due to severe erosive arthritis. Registration error was similar to the reported resolution of the laser scanner. Overall, this study demonstrates the promise for a successful registration of the contralateral normal elbow to physical surface data of the diseased or injured elbow using only a small portion of undamaged bone structure.
Active Management of Flap-Edge Trailing Vortices (2008)

The vortex hazard produced by large airliners and increasingly larger airliners entering service, combined with projected rapid increases in the demand for air transportation, is expected to act as a major impediment to increased air traffic capacity. Significant reduction in the vortex hazard is possible, however, by employing active vortex alleviation techniques that reduce the wake severity by dynamically modifying its vortex characteristics, providing that the techniques do not degrade performance or compromise safety and ride quality. With this as background, a series of experiments were performed, initially at NASA Langley Research Center and subsequently at the Berlin University of Technology in collaboration with the German Aerospace Center. The investigations demonstrated the basic mechanism for managing trailing vortices using retrofitted devices that are decoupled from conventional control surfaces. The basic premise for managing vortices advanced here is rooted in the erstwhile forgotten hypothesis of Albert Betz, as extended and verified ingeniously by Coleman duPont Donaldson and his collaborators. Using these devices, vortices may be perturbed at arbitrarily long wavelengths down to wavelengths less than a typical airliner wingspan and the oscillatory loads on the wings, and hence the vehicle, are small. Significant flexibility in the specific device has been demonstrated using local passive and active separation control as well as local circulation control via Gurney flaps. The method is now in a position to be tested in a wind tunnel with a longer test section on a scaled airliner configuration. Alternatively, the method can be tested directly in a towing tank, on a model aircraft, a light aircraft or a full-scale airliner. The authors believed that this method will have significant appeal from an industry perspective due to its retrofit potential with little to no impact on cruise (devices tucked away in the cove or retracted); low operating power requirements; small lift oscillations when deployed in a time-dependent manner; and significant flexibility with respect to the specific devices selected.
Electrons and cavitation in liquid helium (1998)

We describe a number of experiments in which the effect of electrons on cavitation is studied. Electrons in liquid helium become trapped in a bubble from which the liquid is almost completely excluded. By applying a negative pressure to the helium, we are able to make these bubbles explode. We have measured the variation of this pressure with temperature and the results are in very good agreement with theoretical expectations. At low temperatures the electron bubbles become attached to vortices. The circulation of the liquid around the electron bubble leads to a reduction in the magnitude of the negative pressure required to explode the bubble, and we have been able to measure this reduction.
Arthroscopic Suprascapular Nerve Release at the Suprascapular Notch: An Anatomic Approach (SS‐17) (2006)

Compression of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch is an uncommon disorder which can lead to denervation and dysfunction of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles. When indicated, open release of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch may be required. Arthroscopic release of the suprascapular nerve at the suprascapular notch, to our knowledge, has rarely been described. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relevant anatomic landmarks which can be identified arthroscopically for safe, reliable and reproducible arthroscopic release of the superior transverse scapular ligament.
Electrodialysis Can Lower the Environmental Impact of Hemodialysis (2021)

The hemodialysis technique, used worldwide for patients with chronic kidney disease, is considered as a treatment with a high economic and ecological impact, especially for water consumption. Getting ultrapure water for the preparation of the dialysate to clean patient's blood from toxins leads to high volumes of salt-enriched water that directly goes to sewage. The aim of this work is to propose operating conditions for electrodialysis to allow the reuse of reverse osmosis (RO) rejects. We first performed a parametric study to evaluate the influence of different parameters, such as flow rates, initial concentration, and applied voltage on the demineralization rate (DR) and specific energy consumption (SPC) with a NaCl model solution. The optimal conditions for desalination (i.e., a potential of 12 V, and flow rate of 20 L·h<sup>-1</sup>) were then successfully applied to real samples collected from a dialysis center with total dissolved salts concentration of about 1.4 g/L (conductivity of 2.0 mS·cm<sup>-1</sup>). We demonstrated that the choice of adequate conductivity targets allowed meeting the physico-chemical requirements to obtain water re-usable for either rehabilitation swimming pool, manual or machine washing of instruments before sterilization or irrigation. Saving this water could contribute in the reduction of the environmental impact of hemodialysis.
Circularly polarized light emission from a chiral nematic phenylterthiophene dimer exhibiting ambipolar carrier transport (2015)

A dimer bearing two phenylterthiophene parts linked by a chiral moiety with a minimized molecular volume has been synthesized.
HIV-1 escape from a small molecule, CCR5-specific entry inhibitor does not involve CXCR4 use (2002)

To study HIV-1 escape from a coreceptor antagonist, the R5 primary isolate CC1/85 was passaged in peripheral blood mononuclear cells with increasing concentrations of the CCR5-specific small molecule inhibitor, AD101. By 19 passages, an escape mutant emerged with a >20,000-fold resistance to AD101. This virus was cross-resistant to a related inhibitor, SCH-C, and partially resistant to RANTES but still sensitive to CCR5-specific mAbs. The resistant phenotype was stable; the mutant virus retained AD101 resistance during nine additional passages of culture in the absence of inhibitor. Replication of the escape mutant in peripheral blood mononuclear cells completely depended on CCR5 expression and did not occur in cells from CCR5-Delta32 homozygous individuals. The escape mutant was unable to use CXCR4 or any other tested coreceptor to enter transfected cells. Acquisition of CXCR4 use is not the dominant in vitro escape pathway for a small molecule CCR5 entry inhibitor. Instead, HIV-1 acquires the ability to use CCR5 despite the inhibitor, first by requiring lower levels of CCR5 for entry and then probably by using the drug-bound form of the receptor.
Advances in clinical trial design: Weaving tomorrow’s TB treatments (2020)

Christian Lienhardt and co-authors discuss the conclusions of the PLOS Medicine Collection on advances in clinical trial design for development of new tuberculosis treatments.
Rotation invariant neural network-based face detection (2002)

In this paper, we present a neural network-based face detection system. Unlike similar systems which are limited to detecting upright, frontal faces, this system detects faces at any degree of rotation in the image plane. The system employs multiple networks; a "router" network first processes each input window to determine its orientation and then uses this information to prepare the window for one or more "detector" networks. We present the training methods for both types of networks. We also perform sensitivity analysis on the networks, and present empirical results on a large test set. Finally, we present preliminary results for detecting faces rotated out of the image plane, such as profiles and semi-profiles.
Multi-Party Privacy-Preserving Set Intersection with Quasi-Linear Complexity (2012)

Secure computation of the set intersection functionality allows n parties to find the intersection between their datasets without revealing anything else about them. An efficient protocol for such a task could have multiple potential applications in commerce, health care, and security. However, all currently known secure set intersection protocols for n>2 parties have computational costs that are quadratic in the (maximum) number of entries in the dataset contributed by each party, making secure computation of the set intersection only practical for small datasets. In this paper, we describe the first multi-party protocol for securely computing the set intersection functionality with both the communication and the computation costs that are quasi-linear in the size of the datasets. For a fixed security parameter, our protocols require O(n2k) bits of communication and Õ(n2k) group multiplications per player in the malicious adversary setting, where k is the size of each dataset. Our protocol follows the basic idea of the protocol proposed by Kissner and Song, but we gain efficiency by using different representations of the polynomials associated with users' datasets and careful employment of algorithms that interpolate or evaluate polynomials on multiple points more efficiently. Moreover, the proposed protocol is robust. This means that the protocol outputs the desired result even if some corrupted players leave during the execution of the protocol.
The Atomic Mobility Component of Protein Antigenicity (1985)

A full understanding of the cellular immune response requires a detailed knowledge of the structural basis for protein antigenicity at a molecular level that approaches atomic resolution. The development of techniques using anti-peptide antibodies ( 1 , 2) as well as the continued growth of information derived using monoclonal antibodies to whole proteins (3) makes it possible to examine the antigenicity of specific protein sites. As a result, recent studies, using both anti-peptide antibodies corresponding to protein sites and monoclonal antibodies that are directed against proteins of known three-dimensional structure have produced new information concerning the relationship between antigenicity and protein structure. In the simplest sense, antigenic determinants or epitopes of proteins represent those amino acid residues that interact with the binding site of an antibody molecule. It is now apparent that the set of antigenic specificities seen after immunization with the native protein is not representative of the entire potential antigenic repertoire. Yet, certain sequences and residues have been identified as immunodominant sites in that they represent epitopes to which most of the immune response is directed. Although the exact mechanism is unknown, immunodominance has been attributed to either intrinsic structural properties of the antigen or host regvlatory mechanisms including tolerance, immune gene response, and specificity of T-cell help. While it is likely that both intrinsic and regulatory mechanisms
La mujer que se diseñó a sí misma. "Coco, de la rebeldía a la leyenda de Chanel" (2009)

Primero fue Edith Piaf. Algun dia sera Carla Bruni. Francia se rinde a sus iconos, y ahora le toca a la mujer que reinvento la moda y el rol femenino en la sociedad y el trabajo. Fotogramas acudio al taller de confeccion de este biopic de Coco Chanel.
Corticosteroid-Free Remission vs Overall Remission in Clinical Trials of Moderate–Severe Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn’s Disease (2019)

Protocol-specified corticosteroid tapering regimens vary across trials. These findings will help to inform the design and interpretation of future clinical trials and highlight the need for standardization.
Source and channel coding tradeoff on a Gaussian channel (2002)

Consider a system that quantizes and encodes analog data for transmission across an additive noise Gaussian channel. To minimize distortion, the channel code rate must be chosen to optimally allocate the available transmission rate between lossy source coding and block channel coding. We establish approximations of the channel code rate that minimizes the average distortion of a vector quantizer cascaded with a channel coder and a Gaussian channel, thus complementing some recently-obtained results for the binary symmetric channel. Analytic expressions are derived for large signal-to-noise ratios and for large source vector dimension. As in the binary symmetric channel, the distortion decays exponentially with the number of channel uses.
Route to high surface area TiO2/C and TiCN/C composites (2009)

In this study, the synthesis and characterization of high surface area carbon-supported titania and titanium carbonitride aerogels is presented. An activated carbon aerogel with surface area greater than 2000 m2 g−1 was used as a support for the sol–gel deposition of titania. The resulting titania-coated carbon aerogel retained a surface area greater than 2000 m2 g−1 even after conversion to the anatase crystalline phase. The carbon-supported titanium carbonitride aerogel was made by the carbothermal reduction of the titania-coated carbon aerogel under flowing nitrogen at 1400 °C. The resulting monolith consisted of nitrogen-rich titanium carbonitride (TiC1−xNx, x = 0.90) nanocrystals and exhibited a surface area of 1838 m2 g−1.
CMR adenosine stress perfusion in pediatrics and congenital heart disease: effects on clinical decision making and outcomes (2012)

Methods Consecutive patients, who completed CMR adenosine stress perfusion and were 21yo with CHD, were enrolled. SSFP cine and delayed enhancement CMR (DE-CMR) were performed in a standard manner. Adenosine stress perfusion was performed with administration of adenosine (140 ug/kg/min) for 2-4 minutes and gadolinium (0.1 mmol/kg) using a standard adult protocol. Perfusion defects matching infarct size on DECMR and defects corresponding to DE-CMR at the right ventricular insertion site or post-surgical changes were considered negative for ischemia.
Raising the Thermoelectric Performance of p-Type PbS with Endotaxial Nanostructuring and Valence-Band Offset Engineering Using CdS and ZnS (2012)

We have investigated in detail the effect of CdS and ZnS as second phases on the thermoelectric properties of p-type PbS. We report a ZT of ~1.3 at 923 K for 2.5 at.% Na-doped p-type PbS with endotaxially nanostructured 3.0 at.% CdS. We attribute the high ZT to the combination of broad-based phonon scattering on multiple length scales to reduce (lattice) thermal conductivity and favorable charge transport through coherent interfaces between the PbS matrix and metal sulfide nanophase precipitates, which maintains the requisite high carrier conductivity and the associated power factor. Similar to large ionically bonded metal sulfides (ZnS, CaS, and SrS), the covalently bonded CdS can also effectively reduce the lattice thermal conductivity in p-type PbS. The presence of ubiquitous nanostructuring was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Valence and conduction band energy levels of the NaCl-type metal sulfides, MS (M = Pb, Cd, Zn, Ca, and Sr) were calculated from density functional theory to gain insight into the band alignment between PbS and the second phases in these materials. The hole transport is controlled by band offset minimization through the alignment of valence bands between the host PbS and the embedded second phases, MS (M = Cd, Zn, Ca, and Sr). The smallest valence band offset of about 0.13 eV at 0 K was found between PbS and CdS which is diminished further by thermal band broadening at elevated temperature. This allows carrier transport between the endotaxially aligned components (i.e., matrix and nanostructure), thus minimizing significant deterioration of the hole mobility and power factor. We conclude the thermoelectric performance of the PbS system and, by extension, other systems can be enhanced by means of a closely coupled phonon-blocking/electron-transmitting approach through embedding endotaxially nanostructured second phases.
Microscopic analysis for water stressed by high electric fields in the prebreakdown regime (2004)

Analysis of the electrical double layer at the electrode-water interface for voltages close to the breakdown point has been carried out based on a static, Monte Carlo approach. It is shown that strong dipole realignment, ion-ion correlation, and finite-size effects can greatly modify the electric fields and local permittivity (hence, leading to optical structure) at the electrode interface. Dramatic enhancements of Schottky injection, providing a source for electronic controlled breakdown, are possible. It is also shown that large pressures associated with the Maxwell stress tensor would be created at the electrode boundaries. Our results depend on the ionic density, and are in keeping with recent observations. A simple, perturbative analysis shows that high field regions with a sharp variation in permittivity can potentially be critical spots for instability initiation. This suggests that the use of polished electrodes, or composite materials, or alternative nonpolar liquids might help enhance high-voltage operation.
Improving Temperature-Dependent Energy Output of Concentrator Photovoltaic Systems using Nanotextured Surfaces (2019)

International audience
Abstract 5614: Targeting the radiation-inducible neoantigen GRP78 as a novel strategy for non-small cell lung carcinoma treatment (2018)

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks among the highest cancer-related mortalities worldwide. NSCLC immunotherapy has not been successful in the past. Although lung cancer is not typically believed to be an immunogenic malignancy, more and more evidence suggests that immune responses to lung cancer may be important. The objective of this research was to address a critical barrier and develop a new paradigm in the treatment of NSCLC. Development of anticancer antibodies is limited by the scarcity of antigens that are specifically overexpressed in lung cancer, resulting in too few molecular targets and small percentages of patients who can be treated with the therapeutic antibody. We established a platform technology to develop antibodies to radiation-inducible neoantigens. Several radiation-inducible antigens have been identified by our group. Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a multifunctional protein folding chaperone and co-receptor that is highly expressed on the surface of NSCLC, holds significant promise as a cancer-specific target. Although the potential of targeting GRP78 has been demonstrated in prostate cancer, melanoma, and breast cancer, there are limited data on the impact of targeting cell surface-associated GRP78 in NSCLC. We show that GRP78 undergoes radiation-induced translocation to the surface of NSCLC cells. We developed several GRP78-targeting monoclonal antibodies. NSCLC-specific antibody binding is achieved for several days by anti-GRP78 monoclonal antibodies after irradiation. Optical imaging and immunohistochemical staining indicated that the GRP78-specific antibodies achieve specific binding to irradiated NSCLC in mouse models. The anti-GRP78 antibodies also have a direct cytotoxic effect on NSCLC cells. The combination of anti-GRP78 antibodies and radiation showed an additive effect. Overall, this study suggests that GRP78 is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of lung cancer. We propose to harness the physiologic response of cancer to radiotherapy and evolve it for immunotherapy of lung cancer using specific targeting antibodies. Citation Format: Abhay Singh, Vaishali Kapoor, David Dadey, Dinesh Thotala, Dennis Hallahan. Targeting the radiation-inducible neoantigen GRP78 as a novel strategy for non-small cell lung carcinoma treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5614.
Molecular Features of the Viral and Cellular Src Kinases Involved in Interactions with the GTPase-Activating Protein (1991)

GTPase-activating protein (GAP) enhances the rate of GTP hydrolysis by cellular Ras proteins and is implicated in mitogenic signal transduction. GAP is phosphorylated on tyrosine in cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus and serves as an in vitro substrate of the viral Src (v-Src) kinase. Our previous studies showed that GAP complexes stably with normal cellular Src (c-Src), although its association with v-Src is less stable. To further investigate the molecular basis for interactions between GAP and the Src kinases, we examined GAP association with and phosphorylation by a series of c-Src and v-Src mutants. Analysis of GAP association with c-Src/v-Src chimeric proteins demonstrates that GAP associates stably with Src proteins possessing low kinase activity and poorly with activated Src kinases, especially those that lack the carboxy-terminal segment of c-Src containing the regulatory amino acid Tyr-527. Phosphorylated Tyr-527 is a major determinant of c-Src association with GAP, as demonstrated by c-Src point mutants in which Tyr-527 is changed to Phe. While the isolated amino-terminal half of the c-Src protein is insufficient for stable GAP association, analysis of point substitutions of highly conserved amino acid residues in the c-Src SH2 region indicate that this region also influences Src-GAP complex formation. Therefore, our results suggest that both Tyr-527 phosphorylation and the SH2 region contribute to stable association of c-Src with GAP. Analysis of in vivo phosphorylation of GAP by v-Src mutants containing deletions encompassing the SH2, SH3, and unique regions suggests that the kinase domain of v-Src contains sufficient substrate specificity for GAP phosphorylation. Even though tyrosine phosphorylation of GAP correlates to certain extent with the transforming ability of various c-Src and v-Src mutants, our data suggest that other GAP-associated proteins may also have roles in Src-mediated oncogenic transformation. These findings provide additional evidence for the specificity of Src interactions with GAP and support the hypothesis that these interactions contribute to the biological functions of the Scr kinases.