gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular resists based on cholate derivatives for electron-beam lithography (2006)

We have designed and synthesized cholate derivatives <i>(1,4-Bis(methyloxymethylcholate)cyclohexane:</i> C2ChDM and <i>1,2-Bis(oxymethylcholate)ethane:</i> C2E) to investigate the properties as a chemically amplified (CA) positive-tone Electron-beam (EB) resist material. C2ChDM and C2E which were easily obtained by one-step esterification from cholic acid and dichloride showed glass transition temperatures (<i>Tgs</i>), 85 and 84<sup>o</sup>C, respectively. These compounds were dissolved in propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA) and formed amorphous thin films onto silicon wafers by using a spin-coat method. The etch rates of C2ChDM and C2E, which were measured under CF<sub>4</sub>/CHF<sub>3</sub>/Ar mixed gas process, were almost the same as poly (<i>p</i>-hydroxystyrene) (PHS). The model resist samples were formulated with C2ChDM and C2E as base matrix and photo-acid generator (PAG) originated from sulfonium-salt (resist-A and B, respectively). These resists showed good sensitivities with EB exposure. Furthermore, the FT-IR spectra of resist-A and B films unexposed and exposed by the EB lithography tool were measured. From the spectral changes of resist-A and B films, we confirmed that a cleavage reaction of ester bond occurred by EB irradiation and bake treatment, and these resists worked as common CA positive-tone resist. The evaluation results with the resist-A and B by using EB exposure tool indicated the resolution of 120 nm lines and spaces pattern.
Highly Linear, Broadband Optical Modulator Based on Electro-optic Polymer (2014)

In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of a traveling wave directional coupler modulator based on electro-optic polymer, which is able to provide both high linearity and broad bandwidth. The high linearity is realized by introducing domain-inversion technique in the two-domain directional coupler. A travelling wave electrode is designed to function with bandwidth-length product of 302GHz cm, by achieving low microwave loss, excellent impedance matching and velocity matching, as well as smooth electric field profile transformation. The 3-dB bandwidth of the device is measured to be 10GHz. The spurious free dynamic range of about 110dB Hz^(2/3) is measured over the modulation frequency range 2-8GHz. To the best of our knowledge, such high linearity is first measured at the frequency up to 8GHz. In addition, a 1-to-2 multi-mode interference 3dB-splitter, a photobleached refractive index taper and a quasi-vertical taper are used to reduce the optical insertion loss of the device.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-like immunoreactivity in the vertebrate endocrine pancreas. (1983)

The light microscopic immunocytochemical localization of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is described in the endocrine pancreas of several species representing the major classes of vertebrates: fishes (channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus), amphibians (African clawed toad, Xenopus laevis), reptiles (chameleon, Anolis carolinensis), birds (chicken, Gallus domesticus), and several mammals (rat, mouse, cat, rhesus monkey, and man). The CRF-containing cells are scattered over the entire islet tissue in primates and cat, whereas in rat and mouse they are located at the periphery of the islets. In the chicken and catfish, the CRF-containing cells are found in a central location within islets and form larger clusters or cords. Single cells with CRF-like immunoreactivity are interspersed between acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas in all species studied. The CRF cells show a substantial topographical overlap with glucagon cells, but their precise identity and function remain to be determined.
Supercontinuum generation in submicrometer diameter silica fibers (2006)

Silica nanowires provide strong mode confinement in a cylindrical silica-core/air-cladding geometry and serve a model system for studying nonlinear propagation of short optical pulses inside fibers. We report on the fiber diameter dependence of the supercontinuum generated by femtosecond laser pulses in silica fiber tapers with average diameters in the range of 200 nm to 1200 nm. We observe a strong diameter-dependence of the spectral broadening, which can be attributed to the fiber's diameter-dependent dispersion and nonlinearity. The short interaction length (less than 20 mm) and the low energy threshold for supercontinuum generation (about 1 nJ) make tapered fibers with diameters between 400 nm and 800 nm an ideal source of coherent white-light source in nanophotonics.
Racing Radiators Utilizing ORNL's Graphic Foam (2000)

No abstract prepared.
P‐105: Collimating Optical System Made by Band Pass Filter (2018)

Collimating light source is important in AR/VR, 3D and other display products. At present, the collimating light source usually adopts micro lens, prism and so on. The structure and manufacturing process is complex. We present new research results for collimating light, which is a novel collimating LCD backlight technology using a photonic crystal and absorption type color film. There are no complex microstructures and collimating effect in the whole plane. We report progress with performance and describe methodology and results from experiment and simulation results. The angle of collimating light can be controlled in 20°.In the future, we'll optimize the structure and use this technology in the field of QDPR and privacy display.
Development of a multichannel ultrasonic interferometer for the measurements under high pressures and its application to biomolecular studies (2003)

A description is given of a device that comprises four parallel fixed-path interferometric cells with a volume of 0.2 cc each. This device provides relative measurements of sound velocity with an error of about 10/sup -3/ to 10/sup -4/% in the pressure range of 1 to 2500 bar. The specific increments of the nonlinearity acoustic parameter B/A, for different biomolecular compounds (nucleotides, amino acids, and proteins), have been measured. The error of relative measurements of B/A is less than 0.5%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Qualitative Evaluation of Medical Information Processing Needs of 60 Women Choosing Ovarian Cancer Surveillance or Prophylactic Oophorectomy (2002)

Thirty women who had prophylactic oophorectomy (PO) and thirty women undergoing ovarian cancer surveillance (OCS) completed a one-time in-depth telephone interview exploring information gathering and decision-making processes. There were close similarities between groups, including age, race, marital status, education, menopausal status, number undergoing genetic testing for BRCA mutations, and number of prophylactic mastectomies. The majority of participants indicated overall satisfaction with their final decision. However, many described the information gathering process as frustrating and anxiety provoking. Participants in both groups expressed a need to process medical information within the context of individual psychosocial needs and personal perceptions and experiences. There were recurrent themes with regard to informational and psychosocial needs and personal perceptions and experiences that impacted decision-making process for these women. The present paper is a companion paper to Swisher et al. (J Repr Med 2001, 46:87-94) with the focus of this paper to illustrate the medical informational processing needs identified by this group of women.
Phosphoproteomics identifies microglial Siglec‐F inflammatory response during neurodegeneration (2020)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the appearance of amyloid-β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and inflammation in brain regions involved in memory. Using mass spectrometry, we have quantified the phosphoproteome of the CK-p25, 5XFAD, and Tau P301S mouse models of neurodegeneration. We identified a shared response involving Siglec-F which was upregulated on a subset of reactive microglia. The human paralog Siglec-8 was also upregulated on microglia in AD. Siglec-F and Siglec-8 were upregulated following microglial activation with interferon gamma (IFNγ) in BV-2 cell line and human stem cell-derived microglia models. Siglec-F overexpression activates an endocytic and pyroptotic inflammatory response in BV-2 cells, dependent on its sialic acid substrates and immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM) phosphorylation sites. Related human Siglecs induced a similar response in BV-2 cells. Collectively, our results point to an important role for mouse Siglec-F and human Siglec-8 in regulating microglial activation during neurodegeneration.
A PMMA microfluidic droplet platform for in vitro protein expression using crude E. coli S30 extract (2009)

Droplet based microfluidics are promising new tools for biological and chemical assays. In this paper, a high throughput and high sensitivity microfluidic droplet platform is described for in vitro protein expression using crude Escherichia coli S30 extract. A flow-focusing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) microchip was designed and integrated with different functions involving droplet generation, storage, separation and detection. The material used for the chip is superior to the previously tested polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) due to its mechanical and chemical properties. Droplet formation characteristics such as size and generation rate are investigated systematically. The effect of surfactants Abil EM90 and Span80 in the oil phase on droplet formation and optical detection is also studied. The performance of the system is demonstrated by the high throughput and stable droplet generation and ultralow detection limit. The robustness of the system is also demonstrated by the successful synthesis of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) using E. coli S30 extract as a source of RNA translation reagents.
Analgesia, mood and side effects of im heroin and morphine in patients with postoperative pain and chronic pain due to cancer (1981)

Kaiko, R. F.; Wallenstein, S. L.; Rogers, A. G.; Grabinski, P. Y.; Houde, R. W. Author Information
Quantum Tunneling Based Ultra-Compact and Energy Efficient Spiking Neuron Enables Hardware SNN (2022)

Low-power and low-area neurons are essential for hardware implementation of large-scale SNNs. Various novel-physics-based leaky-integrate-and-fire (LIF) neuron architectures have been proposed with low power and area, but are not compatible with CMOS technology to enable brain scale implementation of SNN. In this paper, for the first time, we demonstrate hardware implementation of recurrent SNN using proposed low-power, low-area, and low-leakage band-to-band-tunneling (BTBT) based neurons. A low-power thresholding circuit is proposed. We further propose a predistortion technique to linearize a nonlinear neuron without any area and power overhead. We establish the equivalence of the proposed neuron with the ideal LIF neuron to demonstrate its versatility. The tunneling regime enables a high input impedance in the BTBT neurons (few <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{G}\Omega$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) to enable a voltage input without loading the synaptic array. To verify the effect of the proposed neuron, a 36-neuron recurrent SNN is fabricated in GF-45nm PDSOI technology. We achieved 5000x lower energy-per-spike at a similar area and 10x lower standby power at a similar area and energy-per-spike. Such overall performance improvement enables brain scale computing.
Percolation lithography: Tuning and freezing disorder in 3D photonic crystals using partial wetting and drying (2015)

Although complex, hierarchical nanoscale geometries with tailored degrees of disorder are commonly found in biological systems, few simple self-assembly routes to fabricating synthetic analogues have been identified. We present two techniques that exploit basic capillary phenomena to finely control disorder in porous 3D photonic crystals, leading to complex and hierarchical geometries. In the first, we exposed the structures to mixtures of ethanol and water that partially wet their pores, where small adjustments to the ethanol content controlled the degree of partial wetting. In the second, we infiltrated the structures with thin films of volatile alkanes and observed a sequence of partial infiltration patterns as the liquid evaporated. In both cases, macroscopic symmetry breaking was driven by subtle sub-wavelength variations in the pore geometry that directed site-selective infiltration of liquids. The resulting patterns, well described by percolation theory, had significant effects on the photonic structures' optical properties, including the wavelength-dependence and angular dependence of scattering. Incorporating cross-linkable resins into our liquids, we were able create permanent photonic structures with these properties by freezing in place the filling patterns at arbitrary degrees of partial wetting and intermediate stages of drying. These techniques illustrate the versatility of interfacial phenomena in directing and tuning self-assembly of aperiodic structures.
Normally-Off AlGaN/GaN Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistor with Recessed Gate and p-GaN Back-Barrier (2012)

The recessed-gate AlGaN/GaN metal–oxide–semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs) with a p-GaN back-barrier studied in this work exhibited much lower buffer leakage current than those without the back-barrier. The threshold voltage of the device with the p-GaN back-barrier was controlled by varying the depth of gate recess etching, and a value as high as 2.9 V was obtained with deep gate-recess etching into the channel layer. The device structure has the advantage of both low leakage current and high threshold voltage, which is important for power-switching applications. In contrast, the performance parameters of the device, such as subthreshold slope and field-effect mobility, can be degraded owing to increased plasma damage with increasing recess depth.
Observer-based adaptive robust control of friction stir welding axial force (2010)

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a relatively new and promising joining process that is the subject of much current research. With constant welding parameters the axial force can vary significantly due to changes in workpiece temperature and other process variations, producing welds with inconsistent microstructure and tensile strength. Control of the axial weld force is desirable to improve the weld quality. In this work an observer-based adaptive robust control (ARC) approach for the axial force of FSW is used to overcome process disturbances and model errors stemming from the simplistic dynamic models suitable for control. Good correlation is shown between spindle power and axial force, allowing readily available power measurements to be used for feedback. A model of the axial force is developed as a combination of a nonlinear static gain and linear dynamics. A force controller is constructed using the ARC approach and estimated state feedback from the adaptive divided difference filter (ADDF). Verification experiments are conducted on a vertical milling machine configured for FSW using an open architecture controller. The combined ARC/ADDF technique is shown to dramatically reduce axial force variations.
A Predictive Channel Assignment Method (PCAM) for Interference Avoidance in IEEE 802.15.3 WPANs (2009)

This paper studies communication channel assignment in IEEE 802.15.3 WPANs. We clarify the channel interference problems as well as introduce an interesting channel interference caused by a hidden PNC in IEEE 802.15.3 WPANs. In this paper, we propose a predictive channel assignment method (PCAM) to efficiently avoid the channel interference among piconets and to minimize throughput degradation by channel interference. The basic idea of the proposed method is to synchronize the communication channel time among the piconets residing in the channel interference area, to predict the future channel interference time and to make a schedule of the communication channel time to minimize throughput degradation. The obtained results show that the proposed PCAM highly improves the system throughput by avoiding channel interference compared to the existing method of IEEE 802.15.3 WPANs.
Venomics-Accelerated Cone Snail Venom Peptide Discovery (2018)

Cone snail venoms are considered a treasure trove of bioactive peptides. Despite over 800 species of cone snails being known, each producing over 1000 venom peptides, only about 150 unique venom peptides are structurally and functionally characterized. To overcome the limitations of the traditional low-throughput bio-discovery approaches, multi-omics systems approaches have been introduced to accelerate venom peptide discovery and characterisation. This "venomic" approach is starting to unravel the full complexity of cone snail venoms and to provide new insights into their biology and evolution. The main challenge for venomics is the effective integration of transcriptomics, proteomics, and pharmacological data and the efficient analysis of big datasets. Novel database search tools and visualisation techniques are now being introduced that facilitate data exploration, with ongoing advances in related omics fields being expected to further enhance venomics studies. Despite these challenges and future opportunities, cone snail venomics has already exponentially expanded the number of novel venom peptide sequences identified from the species investigated, although most novel conotoxins remain to be pharmacologically characterised. Therefore, efficient high-throughput peptide production systems and/or banks of miniaturized discovery assays are required to overcome this bottleneck and thus enhance cone snail venom bioprospecting and accelerate the identification of novel drug leads.
In Vitro Electrophysiological Mapping of Stem Cells (2010)

The use of stem cells for cardiac regeneration is a revolutionary, emerging research area. For proper function as replacement tissue, stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (SC-CMs) must electrically couple with the host cardiac tissue. Electrophysiological mapping techniques, including microelectrode array (MEA) and optical mapping, have been developed to study cardiomyocytes and cardiac cell monolayers, and these can be applied to study stem cells and SC-CMs. MEA recordings take extracellular measurements at numerous points across a small area of cell cultures and are used to assess electrical propagation during cell culture. Optical mapping uses fluorescent dyes to monitor electrophysiological changes in cells, most commonly transmembrane potential and intracellular calcium, and can be easily scaled to areas of different sizes. The materials and methods for MEA and optical mapping are presented here, together with detailed notes on their use, design, and fabrication. We also provide examples of voltage and calcium maps of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (mESC-CMs), obtained in our laboratory using optical mapping techniques.
A two-year old boy with recurrent bouts of acute abdominal pain. (2011)

In a small number of patients with pancreas divisum (with stenotic minor papilla) a relative obstruction to pancreatic exocrine secretory flow results in pancreatitis. We report a 2-year-old boy presenting with recurrent bouts of abdominal pain. The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis was made based on blood biochemistry results. Ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed several abdominal pseudocysts, peritoneal exsudate and confirmed pancreatitis but initially failed to reveal the aetiology. Ascites and cysts contained pancreatic enzymes. After weeks of combined conservative and surgical treatment, a magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography with secretin, showed a pancreas divisum with a cyst between the ducts of Santorini and Wirsung. Based on these findings, two endoscopic papillotomies (minor and major papilla) were performed. Three years follow-up was uneventful. In a child with recurrent pancreatitis or pancreatitis with chronic recurrent abdominal pain it is crucial to search aggressively for congenital abnormalities, including pancreas divisum. Secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography or diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool for visualizing pancreatic duct anatomy.
Microbiomic Analysis on Low Abundant Respiratory Biomass Samples; Improved Recovery of Microbial DNA From Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (2020)

In recent years the study of the commensal microbiota is driving a remarkable paradigm shift in our understanding of human physiology. However, intrinsic technical difficulties associated with investigating the Microbiomics of some body niches are hampering the development of new knowledge. This is particularly the case when investigating the functional role played by the human microbiota in modulating the physiology of key organ systems. A major hurdle in investigating specific Microbiome communities is linked to low bacterial density and susceptibility to bias caused by environmental contamination. To prevent such inaccuracies due to background processing noise, harmonized tools for Microbiomic and bioinformatics practices have been recommended globally. The fact that the impact of this undesirable variability is negatively correlated with the DNA concentration in the sample highlights the necessity to improve existing DNA isolation protocols. In this report, we developed and tested a protocol to more efficiently recover bacterial DNA from low volumes of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from infants and adults. We have compared the efficiency of the described method with that of a commercially available kit for microbiome analysis in body fluids. We show that this new methodological approach performs better in terms of extraction efficiency. As opposed to commercial kits, the DNA extracts obtained with this new protocol were clearly distinguishable from the negative extraction controls in terms of 16S copy number and Microbiome community profiles. Altogether, we described a cost-efficient protocol that can facilitate microbiome research in low-biomass human niches.
Application of the HECADE method to the measurement of long-range heteronuclear13C,1H spin-spin coupling constants in tautomeric β-sulfonylenamines (2000)

The applicability of HECADE approach to the measurement of 13C,1H long-range coupling constants, which was difficult to achieve by other methods, is demonstrated. The coupling magnitudes obtained allow the qualitative characterization of rotational degrees of freedom in all isomers of the β-sulfonylenamines studied in terms of the prevailing conformation contribution to conformational averaging. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic, Asymmetric Synthesis of the Carbacephem Framework. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Short-term effect of changes in smoking behaviour on emphysema quantification by CT (2010)

Current smoking status has a major influence on lung density assessed by CT, and the difference in lung density between current and former smokers observed in cross-sectional studies corresponds closely to the change in lung density seen in the years after smoking cessation. Current smoking status, and time since cessation or relapse, should be taken into account when assessing the severity of diseases such as emphysema by CT lung density.