gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does Anterior Column Realignment Result in Greater Morbidity than Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion Alone When Treating Adult Spinal Deformity? (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Anterior column realignment (ACR) can be utilized for correction of adult spinal deformity (ASD), but the additional benefit over lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) alone is unclear. METHODS: Inclusion criteria were age = 18 yr, and one of the following: coronal cobb > 20°, SVA > 5 cm, PT > 20°, PI-LL > 10°. Patients were treated with circumferential MIS (cMIS) surgery or hybrid MIS surgery and had 1-year minimum follow-up. HRQOL (Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), visual analog score (VAS), SRS-22) and spinopelvic parameters were captured. RESULTS: A total of 127 patients met inclusion criteria, 101 underwent LLIF and 26 had ACR. Average age and BMI were 66.3/27.7 and 67.8/27.4 (P = .654/0.957). The groups had similar rates of prior spine surgery (48.5% vs 57.7%; P = .403), cMIS (58.7% vs 73.1%; P = .222), posterior osteotomies (43.6% vs 34.6%; P = .409), levels instrumented (7.8 vs 8; P = .895), and interbody fusion levels (3.4 vs 3.6; P = .478). Preop (PT: 23.6/26.3; P = .373, SVA: 77.6/54.6 mm; P = .151, PI-LL: 17.3/20; P = .692) and postop spinopelvic parameters were similar between groups, except for postop SVA which was higher in the LLIF group (40 mm vs 13 mm; P = .028). 1 yr PI-LL (3.8 vs 5.8; P = .555), PT (20.6 vs 22.9; P = .536), and SVA were normalized in both groups. Preop and postop ODI, VAS, and SRS -22 scores were similar between groups. Complication rates between groups were similar as well (57.4% LLIF vs 57.7% ACR; P = .98), including neurologic (16.8% vs 15.4%; P = .859) and vascular (0% for both groups) injuries. CONCLUSION: Use of ACR via lateral approach for correction of adult spinal deformity results in no increase in neurologic, vascular, or other overall complications rates, when compared to using LLIF alone. Optimization of spinopelvic parameters was achieved regardless of the technique employed. Segmental radiographic changes were not specifically evaluated, but regional and global parameters were not differentially impacted when comparing ACR and LLIF impact.
α-Adrenoceptor blockade modifies neurally induced atrial arrhythmias (2008)

Our objective was to determine whether neuronally induced atrial arrhythmias can be modified by alpha-adrenergic receptor blockade. In 30 anesthetized dogs, trains of five electrical stimuli (1 mA; 1 ms) were delivered immediately after the P wave of the ECG to mediastinal nerves associated with the superior vena cava. Regional atrial electrical events were monitored with 191 atrial unipolar electrodes. Mediastinal nerve sites were identified that reproducibly initiated atrial arrhythmias. These sites were then restimulated following 1 h (time control, n = 6), or the intravenous administration of naftopidil (alpha(1)-adrenergic blocker: 0.2 mg/kg, n = 6), yohimbine (alpha(2)-adrenergic blocker: 1 mg/kg, n = 6) or both (n = 8). A ganglionic blocker (hexamethonium: 1 mg/kg) was tested in four dogs. Stimulation of mediastinal nerves sites consistently elicited atrial tachyarrhythmias. Repeat stimulation after 1 h in the time-control group exerted a 19% decrease of the sites still able to induce atrial tachyarrhythmias. Hexamethonium inactivated 78% of the previously active sites. Combined alpha-adrenoceptor blockade inactivated 72% of the previously active sites. Bradycardia responses induced by mediastinal nerve stimulation were blunted by hexamethonium, but not by alpha(1,2)-adrenergic blockade. Naftopidil or yohimbine alone eliminated atrial arrhythmia induction from 31% and 34% of the sites (similar to time control). We conclude that heterogeneous activation of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system results in atrial arrhythmias that involve intrinsic cardiac neuronal alpha-adrenoceptors. In contrast to the global suppression exerted by hexamethonium, we conclude that alpha-adrenoceptor blockade targets intrinsic cardiac local circuit neurons involved in arrhythmia formation and not the flow-through efferent projections of the cardiac nervous system.
Abstract A211: Fragment-based drug discovery of the synthetic small molecule HSP90 inhibitor AT13387 (2009)

Abstract Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) is a member of a family of molecular chaperone proteins which directs the folding of polypeptides into functional configurations affecting stabilisation and activation. Many of these proteins are oncogenes regulating tumor cell growth, survival and apoptosis. This poster will focus on the screening and medicinal chemistry work that led to the identification of AT13387, a high affinity HSP90 inhibitor that is currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. A fragment screening campaign was conducted against the N-terminal domain of HSP90 to detect very low molecular weight compounds (Molecular Weight &amp;lt;250 Da) that bound to the ATPase active site. The screening produced a small fragment which was co-crystallised with HSP90 and had an affinity of 790µM. Three iterations of structure-guided medicinal chemistry led to the identification of a lead compound with 0.5nM affinity for the enzyme, good cell activity and confirmed mechanism of action in cells. The fragment to lead optimisation increased affinity by over a million fold but resulted in a molecule that was only 6 heavy atoms larger than the fragment starting point. Such an efficient optimisation campaign is unprecedented in the field of fragment-based drug discovery. Subsequent lead optimisation focussed on the improvement of in vivo distribution properties via the addition of basic moieties to the lead molecule. These compounds showed encouraging in vivo pharmacology and biological profiles, and further medicinal chemistry work led to the discovery of AT13387, an inhibitor with sub-nanomolar affinity, prolonged duration of action and excellent in vivo anti-tumor efficacy. This poster represents first disclosure of the structure of AT13387 and illustrates how a fragment-based drug discovery approach can be efficiently used to discover compounds suitable for clinical testing in oncology. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A211.
Neutralisation of HIV-1 cell-cell spread by human and llama antibodies (2014)

Direct cell-cell spread of HIV-1 is a very efficient mode of viral dissemination, with increasing evidence suggesting that it may pose a considerable challenge to controlling viral replication in vivo. Much current vaccine research involves the study of broadly neutralising antibodies (bNabs) that arise during natural infection with the aims of eliciting such antibodies by vaccination or incorporating them into novel therapeutics. However, whether cell-cell spread of HIV-1 can be effectively targeted by bNabs remains unclear, and there is much interest in identifying antibodies capable of efficiently neutralising virus transmitted by cell-cell contact. In this study we have tested a panel of bNAbs for inhibition of cell-cell spread, including some not previously evaluated for inhibition of this mode of HIV-1 transmission. We found that three CD4 binding site antibodies, one from an immunised llama (J3) and two isolated from HIV-1-positive patients (VRC01 and HJ16) neutralised cell-cell spread between T cells, while antibodies specific for glycan moieties (2G12, PG9, PG16) and the MPER (2F5) displayed variable efficacy. Notably, while J3 displayed a high level of potency during cell-cell spread we found that the small size of the llama heavy chain-only variable region (VHH) J3 is not required for efficient neutralisation since recombinant J3 containing a full-length human heavy chain Fc domain was significantly more potent. J3 and J3-Fc also neutralised cell-cell spread of HIV-1 from primary macrophages to CD4+ T cells. In conclusion, while bNabs display variable efficacy at preventing cell-cell spread of HIV-1, we find that some CD4 binding site antibodies can inhibit this mode of HIV-1 dissemination and identify the recently described llama antibody J3 as a particularly potent inhibitor. Effective neutralisation of cell-cell spread between physiologically relevant cell types by J3 and J3-Fc supports the development of VHH J3 nanobodies for therapeutic or prophylactic applications.
Supp Figure Legends from Clinical and Immunologic Biomarkers for Histologic Regression of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia and Clearance of HPV16 and HPV18 after Immunotherapy (2023)

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Gigantic transverse x-ray magnetic circular dichroism in ultrathin Co in Au/Co/Au(001) (2014)

Transverse-geometry x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (TXMCD) measurements on Au/Co-staircase/Au(001) reveal the orbital origin of intrinsic in-plane magnetic anisotropy A gigantic TXMCD was successfully observed at the Co L3,2 edges for Co thickness (tC0) in the 2-monolayer regime. A TXMCD-sum-rule analysis shows a remarkable enhancement of an orbital-moment anisotropy (Δmorb) and of an in-plane magnetic dipole moment (m||T). Both Δmorb and m||T exhibit close similarity in tCo dependence, reflecting the in-plane magnetic anisotropy These observations evidence that extremely strong, intrinsic, in-plane magnetic anisotropy originates from the anisotropic orbital part of the wave function, dominating the dipole-dipole-interaction-derived, extrinsic, in-plane magnetic anisotropy.
Giant irradiance spikes in laser beam propagation in volume turbulence: analysis and impact (2016)

In the wave-optics numerical simulations of laser beam propagation in volume atmospheric turbulence, we observe irregular appearance of giant intensity spikes with amplitudes exceeding the diffraction-limited intensity value by a factor of ten or even more. The presence of giant spikes may explain the existing significant difference between the scintillation index theoretical prediction and the results obtained in numerical simulation and experimental measurements. The giant spikes' physics-based origin, probability of appearance, and impact on irradiance scintillation index are analyzed.
Photodynamic therapy as a new treatment modality for inflammatory and infectious conditions (2015)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently used as a minimally invasive therapeutic modality for cancer. Whereas antitumor treatment regimens require lethal doses of photosensitizer and light, sublethal doses may have immunomodulatory effects, antibacterial action and/or regenerative properties. A growing body of evidence now indicates that non-lethal PDT doses can alleviate inflammation or treat established soft-tissue infections in various murine models of arthritis, experimental encephalomyelitis, inflammatory bowel disease and chronic skin ulcers. Furthermore, PDT is already used in clinical application and clinical trial for the treatment of psoriasis, chronic wounds and periodontitis in humans. Sublethal PDT should be regarded as a new viable option for the treatment of inflammatory conditions.
Hybrid energy storage system for conventional vehicle start-stop application (2015)

Ultracapacitors can provide high power density, high efficiency, and extended cycle life in various applications. Lead acid batteries, on the other hand, offer high energy density, low cost, and good performance in low temperature. In this paper, a hybrid energy storage device comprised of a Lithium-ion ultracapacitor module and a lead acid battery is modeled, built, and tested for the vehicular start-stop application. Hundreds of cranking events have been performed with the single lead acid battery and the hybrid storage and the performance of the systems have been evaluated and compared. Mathematical derivation, analysis, and a thorough energy storage aging study have also been conducted and presented.
Bertha: Tunneling through the Network API (2020)

Network APIs such as UNIX sockets, DPDK, Netmap, etc. assume that networks provide only end-to-end connectivity. However, networks increasingly include smart NICs and programmable switches that can implement both network and application functions. Several recent works have shown the benefit of offloading application functionality to the network, but using these approaches requires changing not just the applications, but also network and system configuration. In this paper we propose Bertha, a network API that provides a uniform abstraction for offloads, aiming to simplify their use.
Mechanism of chain propagation in “living” polypropylene synthesis. 1H and 13C NMR analyses of chain‐end structures (1985)

Abstract The mechanism of chain propagation in the living coordination polymerization of propene initiated by the soluble V(acac) 3 /Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl catalyst was studied by 1 H and 13 C NMR analyses of iodine‐terminated polypropylenes of low molecular weights ( M n = 630 to 3200). A vanadium‐carbon bond in the living polypropylene end reacts quantitatively with the iodine molecule to yield a new iodine‐polymer bond. The 1 H and 13 C NMR analyses of iodine‐bonded polypropylene provide direct evidence on the stereochemistry of the first and last inserted propylene units and the structure of the living polypropylene end.
Energy efficient transmission policies in non-stationary underwater acoustic channels (2013)

This work focuses on making underwater acoustic communications energy-efficient, by reducing the amount of unsuccessful transmissions. The approach is enabled by a priori information regarding the second order statistics of the channel quality. However, the non-stationarity of the physical processes that primarily influence the acoustic propagation makes both channel representation and identification challenging. Therefore, we first evaluate the different types of second order statistics of the underwater acoustic channel measured during two experiments, SPACE08 and KAM11, during which the same source and receiver hardware was employed in different environmental conditions. Then, we classify the different observed second order statistics estimated over a few minutes time intervals and propose suitably trained Markov models to represent the evolution of these different second order statistics. This channel representation is used to derive an optimal transmission scheduling that minimizes the number of transmissions required to deliver a given amount of information B by a given deadline T. In particular, we provide insights on how the structure of the optimal policy changes with the different observed behaviors of the second order statistics of the channel.
Application of Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope on Fluorescence in situ Hybridization (FISH). (1993)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with chromosome-specific probes enables several new areas of cytogenetic investigation by allowing visual determination of the presence and normality of specific genetic sequences in single metaphase or interphase cells. However, it is difficult to obtain the characteristic or three-dimensional information of individual DNA sequence in nuclei using the conventional fluorescent microscope. Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope (CLSM) was applied on the touch preparations of ovarian neoplasia and tissue sections of melanoma, which were hybridized with centrometric or c-erb B 2 (HER-2/neu) oncogene-specific probes. It enabled us to observe clear optical sections in vertical or horizontal directions at any depth from the top to bottom of samples and also to reveal the difference of distribution of specific DNA sequences in nuclei using image-analytical devices.Copies of chromosome 6 centromeres showed an eccentric localization on optical sections, although those of c-erb B 2 distributed throughout the plans. Furthermore, the reconstructed three-dimensional images revealed that the centromere of chromosome 6 localized close to the nuclear membranes and c-erb B 2 oncogene spread sparsely, or in a dendrometric shape, throughout the nuclei. Since an application of CLSM on the samples which hybridized with DNA sequences specific probes clarified the individual localization of sequences in the nuclei of interphase, this is an especially useful method for biological dosimetry and cancer biology.
Synthesis of stable “gold nanoparticle–polymeric micelle” conjugates: A new class of star “molecular chimera” that self‐assemble into linear arrays of spherical micelles (2007)

Abstract Stable and aggregation‐free “gold nanoparticle–polymeric micelle” conjugates were prepared using a new and simple protocol enabled by the hydrogen bonding between surface‐capping ligands and polymeric micelles. Individual gold nanoparticles were initially capped using a phosphatidylthio–ethanol lipid and further conjugated with a star poly(styrene‐ block ‐glutamic acid) copolymer micelle using a one‐pot preparation method. The morphology and stability of these gold–polymer conjugates were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV–vis spectroscopy. The self‐assembly of this class of polymer‐ b ‐polypeptide in aqueous an medium to form spherical micelles and further their intermicelle reorganization to form necklace‐like chains was also investigated. TEM and laser light scattering techniques were employed to study the morphology and size of these micelles. Polymeric micelles were formed with diameters in the range of 65–75 nm, and supermicellular patterns were observed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3570–3579, 2007
Chimeric Cellobiose Dehydrogenases Reveal the Function of Cytochrome Domain Mobility for the Electron Transfer to Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenase (2020)

The natural function of cellobiose dehydrogenase (CDH) to donate electrons from its catalytic flavodehydrogenase (DH) domain via its cytochrome (CYT) domain to lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) is an example of a highly efficient extracellular electron transfer chain. To investigate the function of the CYT domain movement in the two occurring electron transfer steps, two CDHs from the ascomycete <i>Neurospora crassa</i> (<i>Nc</i>CDHIIA and <i>Nc</i>CDHIIB) and five chimeric CDH enzymes created by domain swapping were studied in combination with the fungus' own LPMOs (<i>Nc</i>LPMO9C and <i>Nc</i>LPMO9F). Kinetic and electrochemical methods and hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry were used to study the domain movement, interaction, and electron transfer kinetics. Molecular docking provided insights into the protein-protein interface, the orientation of domains, and binding energies. We find that the first, interdomain electron transfer step from the catalytic site in the DH domain to the CYT domain depends on steric and electrostatic interface complementarity and the length of the protein linker between both domains but not on the redox potential difference between the FAD and heme <i>b</i> cofactors. After CYT reduction, a conformational change of CDH from its closed state to an open state allows the second, interprotein electron transfer (IPET) step from CYT to LPMO to occur by direct interaction of the <i>b</i>-type heme and the type-2 copper center. Chimeric CDH enzymes favor the open state and achieve higher IPET rates by exposing the heme <i>b</i> cofactor to LPMO. The IPET, which is influenced by interface complementarity and the heme <i>b</i> redox potential, is very efficient with bimolecular rates between 2.9 × 10<sup>5</sup> and 1.1 × 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>.
Characterization of Lantana camara roots (Pentacyclic Triterpenoid)and Mutagenicity Testing of extracted Oleanolic acid Using Salmonella typhimurium. (2022)

Abstract Objective The objective of the present study was to isolate oleanolic acid from the roots of Lantana camara , and characterize it chemically using DSC, HPLC, and FTIR methods, and additionally carrying out a short term assay for assessment of its mutagenic potential by conducting bacterial reverse mutation test to evaluate the ability of the “Oleanolic acid (Pentacyclic Triterpenoid)” to induce point mutations in tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium in both presence and absence of exogenous metabolic activation system (S9) containing microsomal enzymes. Methods Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers were used to chemically analyze the isolated molecule. Oleanolic acid was utilized to carry out Preliminary Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity study. Results According to the results of spectrophotometric research, oleanolic acid extracted from Lantana camara roots exhibits identical spectrum characteristics to standard oleanolic acid also the mutagenic potential of Oleanolic acid (Pentacyclic Triterpenoid). Oleanolic acid was found to be non-mutagenic in all five test strains of Salmonella typhimurium —TA98, TA100, TA102, TA1535, and TA1537 employing plate incorporation assays Conclusion It may be determined that oleanolic acid isolated from Lantana camara roots gives identical, identifiable signals and absorbance like previously reported reference standard based on the results of DLC, HPLC, and FTIR spectra and their interpretation and was determined that oleanolic acid purified from Lantana camara roots is non-mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium.
Improvements in Both Thermal Stability of Ni-Silicide and Electrical Reliability of Gate Oxides Using a Stacked Polysilicon Gate Structure (2001)

A process design is presented for improving the thermal stability of Ni-silicide (nickel-silicide) using a stacked polysilicon gate structure. The Ni-silicide formed has low sheet resistance up to 800°C on a silicidation process. Additionally, the metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated using these proposed gate structures demonstrate higher electrical reliability for gate oxides than those of nonstacked films. That is, the gate oxides of the MOS capacitors were only slightly degraded after silicidation step at 800°C. In conclusion, the Ni-silicide formed on those stacked polysilicon gates are attractive in fabricating ultralarge scale integration (ULSI) circuits because both the thermal stability of Ni-silicide and the reliability of gate oxides are improved simultaneously. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
High Efficiency of Functional Carbon Nanodots as Entry Inhibitors of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 (2016)

Nanostructures have been lately identified as an efficient therapeutic strategy to modulate viral attachment and entry. The high concentrations of ligands present on nanostructures can considerably enhance affinities toward biological receptors. We demonstrate here the potential of carbon nanodots (C-dots) surface-functionalized with boronic acid or amine functions to interfere with the entry of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). C-dots formed from 4-aminophenylboronic acid hydrochloride (4-AB/C-dots) using a modified hydrothermal carbonization are shown to prevent HSV-1 infection in the nanograms per milliliter concentration range (EC50 = 80 and 145 ng mL(-1) on Vero and A549 cells, respectively), whereas the corresponding C-dots formed from phenylboronic acid (B/C-dots) have no effects even at high concentrations. Some of the presented results also suggest that C-dots are specifically acting on the early stage of virus entry through an interaction with the virus and probably the cells at the same time.