gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reynolds stress closure description of separation control with vortex generators in a plane asymmetric diffuser (2007)

A way to model the effects of streamwise vortices in a turbulent flow with one homogeneous direction is presented. The Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved with a differential Reynolds stress turbulence model. Assuming that the vortices can be approximated with the Lamb-Oseen model, wall-normal Reynolds stress distributions are calculated, corresponding to the spanwise variances of the estimated velocity distribution downstream of the vortex generators. The Reynolds stress contributions that are due to the vortex generators are added to the Reynolds stresses from the turbulence model so as to mimic the increased mixing due to the vortex generators. Volume forces are applied also in the mean momentum equations to account for the drag of the vortex generators. The model is tested and compared with experimental data from a plane asymmetric diffuser flow which is separating without vortex generators. The results indicate that the model is able to mimic the major features of vortex generator flow control and that the flow case in question is susceptible to separation control. The model results show that the pressure recovery of the diffuser could be increased by almost 10% by applying vortex generators and that, if keeping the shape of the vortex generators fixed, their optimal position is close to the diffuser inlet. Computations also indicated that the time to re-establish the separation zone when the control suddenly is turned off is substantially longer than the time it takes to remove the separation after the control is turned on again. Some work on adapting a differential Reynolds stress turbulence model was necessary in order to make it capable of realistic predictions of the asymmetric diffuser flow in which the vortex generator model is tested. However, the main focus of the article is on the modelling of vortex generator effects.
Deep Learning to Scale up Time Series Traffic Prediction (2019)

The transport literature is dense regarding short-term traffic predictions, up to the scale of 1 hour, yet less dense for long-term traffic predictions. The transport literature is also sparse when it comes to city-scale traffic predictions, mainly because of low data availability. The main question we try to answer in this work is to which extent the approaches used for short-term prediction at a link level can be scaled up for long-term prediction at a city scale. We investigate a city-scale traffic dataset with 14 weeks of speed observations collected every 15 minutes over 1098 segments in the hypercenter of Los Angeles, California. We look at a variety of state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning predictors for link-based predictions, and investigate ways to make such predictors scale up for larger areas, with brute force, clustering, and model design approaches. In particular we propose a novel deep learning spatio-temporal predictor inspired from recent works on recommender systems. We discuss the potential of including spatio-temporal features into the predictors, and conclude that modelling such features can be helpful for long-term predictions, while simpler predictors achieve very satisfactory performance for link-based and short-term forecasting. The trade-off is discussed not only in terms of prediction accuracy vs prediction horizon but also in terms of training time and model sizing.
Development of an improved Stirling cooler for vacuum super-insulated fridges with thermal store and photovoltaic power source for industrialized and developing countries. (1994)

The performances of a free-piston Stirling cooler and a super-insulated refrigerator specifically designed for high-efficiency household refrigeration are presented. Photovoltaic (PV) power is used without battery back-up. Overnight operation is ensured by the presence of a cold store. The cooling system modulates according to thermal load and available PV power and maintains high part-load efficiency. Preliminary results suggest that an energy consumption of below 50 kilowatthour/year is possible.
Single‐Crystalline Films of the Homologous Series InGaO3(ZnO)m Grown by Reactive Solid‐Phase Epitaxy (2003)

Abstract Single‐crystalline thin films of the homologous series InGaO 3 (ZnO) m (where m is an integer) are fabricated by the reactive solid‐phase epitaxy (R‐SPE) method. Specifically, the role of ZnO as epitaxial initiator layer for the growth mechanism is clarified. High‐temperature annealing of bilayer films consisting of an amorphous InGaO 3 (ZnO) 5 layer deposited at room temperature and an epitaxial ZnO layer on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrate allows for the growth of single‐crystalline film with controlled chemical composition. The epitaxial ZnO thin layer plays an essential role in determining the crystallographic orientation, while the ratio of the thickness of both layers controls the film composition.
2532 (2017)

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The central goal is to predict the metabolites of varenicline and predictively evaluate their propensities for eliciting an increased binding effect in the brain. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Molecular modeling computational software and other cheminformatic tools present a strategic in silico strategy to predict a complete metabolic transformation for the varenicline molecule. Molecular docking tools help to highlight key interactions of the varenicline with key metabolizing enzymes that are differentially expressed across a population. This will assist in validating clinical models for smoking cessation. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Differentialized binding results depending on whatever metabolite is produced. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Products of metabolism of varenicline may differ in individuals and across groups, thus, binding effects and the propensity for adverse effects may differ in individuals.
Covering radius and discrete Chebyshev polynomials (2002)

We derive a new upper bound on the covering radius of a code as a function of its dual distance. This bound improves on the bound proved previously (Honkala et al., 1995) and in a certain interval it is also better than Tietavainen's bound.
Tenascin‐C induced stimulation of chondrogenesis is dependent on the presence of the C‐terminal fibrinogen‐like globular domain (2000)

The relationship between structure of tenascin-C (Tn-C), a multi-domain extracellular matrix protein, and its stimulation of chondrogenesis was examined using recombinant Tn-C isoforms (full length or with specific domains deleted) as substrata for undifferentiated chicken mesenchymal cells. Of the Tn-C variants tested, only Tn-C lacking the fibrinogen-like domain or Tn-C comprised solely of fibrinogen-like domains failed to stimulate chondrogenesis. The ability of variants to stimulate chondrogenesis was not dependent on their ability to support adhesion or stimulate proliferation. These results demonstrate that the fibrinogen-like domain of Tn-C is necessary but not sufficient for induction of chondrogenesis.
Spatial and Temporal Variation in De Facto Wastewater Reuse in Drinking Water Systems across the U.S.A. (2014)

De facto potable reuse occurs when treated wastewater is discharged into surface waters upstream of potable drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) intakes. Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) discharges may pose water quality risks at the downstream DWTP, but additional flow aids in providing a reliable water supply source. In this work de facto reuse is analyzed for 2056 surface water intakes serving 1210 DWTPs across the U.S.A. that serve greater than 10,000 people, covering approximately 82% of the nation’s population. An ArcGIS model is developed to assess spatial relationships between DWTPs and WWTPs, with a python script designed to perform a network analysis by hydrologic region. A high frequency of de facto reuse occurrence was observed; 50% of the DWTP intakes are potentially impacted by upstream WWTP discharges. However, the magnitude of de facto reuse was seen to be relatively low, where 50% of the impacted intakes contained less than 1% treated municipal wastewater under average streamflow conditions. De facto reuse increased greatly under low streamflow conditions (modeled by Q95), with 32 of the 80 sites yielding at least 50% treated wastewater, this portion of the analysis is limited to sites where stream gauge data was readily available.
Statistical Disclosure Limitation of Health Data Based on Pk-Anonymity (2012)

The Act for the Protection of Personal Information in Japan considers as personal information any quasi-identifier that may be used to obtain information that identifies individuals through comparisons with datasets. Studies using health records are not widely conducted because of the concern regarding the safety of anonymized health records. To increase the safety of such records, we used the Pk-anonymity method. In this method, attributes are probabilistically randomized and then reconstructions are performed on the basis of statistical information from perturbed data. Hence, it is expected to provide more precise statistics and more reliably preserve privacy than the traditional "k-anonymity" method. We anonymized health records, performed cross tabulation, and assessed the error rate using original data. This study shows that the Pk-anonymity method can be used to perform safety statistical disclosures with low error rates, even in small cases.
Bortezomib Warhead-Switch Confers Dual Activity against Mycobacterial Caseinolytic Protease and Proteasome and Selectivity against Human Proteasome (2017)

Mycobacteria harbor two main degradative proteolytic machineries, the caseinolytic protease ClpP1P2 and a proteasome. We recently showed that Bortezomib inhibits ClpP1P2 and exhibits whole cell activity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. Bortezomib, a dipeptide with a boronic acid warhead, is a human proteasome inhibitor approved for cancer therapy. The boronic acid warhead of the compound has been shown to drive potency against both the human proteasome and ClpP1P2 protease. Selectivity for the bacterial ClpP1P2 protease over the human proteasome is lacking but needs to be achieved to move this new anti-tuberculosis lead forward. In this study we explored whether an alternative warhead could influence Bortezomib's selectivity. We synthesized an analog containing a chloromethyl ketone instead of the boronic acid warhead and determined potencies against the bacterial and human enzymes. Surprisingly, the analog retained activity against mycobacterial ClpP1P2 and was active against the mycobacterial proteasome, but was devoid of activity against the human proteasome. Interrogation of a set of chloromethyl ketone peptides identified three additional compounds similarly inhibiting both ClpP1P2 and the proteasome in the bacteria while leaving the human proteasome untouched. Finally, we showed that these compounds display bactericidal activity against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> with cytotoxicity ranging from acceptable to undetectable. These results suggest that selectivity over the human proteasome is achievable. Selectivity, together with dual-targeting of mycobacterial ClpP1P2 and proteasome makes this new scaffold an attractive starting point for optimization.
Design and Fabrication of Mixed Electronics-Optics Modulator for Dual-Carrier QPSK Generation (2015)

We discuss in detail the design and fabrication of a mixed electronics-optics (MEO) modulator and related key devices. Our proposed MEO modulator generates dual-carrier quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) signals utilizing both analog electrical and optical modulation with a simple optical circuit configuration. The key devices for the MEO modulator include a high-speed electrical-phase modulator and a complex optical modulator. We report the design and fabrication of a high-speed phase modulator IC with 0.5-μm InP HBT technology, and a silica-LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> integrated optical amplitude and phase modulator. We performed proof-of-concept experiments for the MEO modulator, and confirmed the generation of 26-GHz spacing 14-GBaud dual-carrier QPSK signals.
Online Spatio-Temporal Action Detection in Long-Distance Imaging Affected by the Atmosphere (2021)

Current state-of-the-art approaches for spatio-temporal action detection deal with stable videos and quite sterilized environments, as seen in the UCF-101 benchmark. In addition, the objects of interest are typically relatively close to the camera, and therefore fairly clear and easily distinguished. This study presents an approach method for online human action detection in long-distance imaging affected by atmospheric distortions. We created a unique dataset of typical actions in long-range imaging. Various CNN frameworks were examined for the initial moving object detection phase, including 2D, 3D, one stream, and two-stream (RGB frames and optical flow). The basic object detection methods examined within these frameworks include the YOLOv3 and an extension of the inflated 3D ConvNet with a Feature-Fused Single Shot Multibox Detector (FFSSD) to improve small object detection. To cope with the harmful effect of the spatio-temporal random movements induced by atmospheric effects on motion estimation, we first fit the optical flow stream characteristics to a temporally noisy turbulent environment. A significant improvement of the action detection quality under such noisy conditions was obtained by constructing an online tracking algorithm that incrementally constructs and labels the objects' tracks from the network's frame-level detections. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art on our dataset in terms of the mAP measure.
All-Silicon Photodetectors for Photonic Integrated Circuit Calibration (2021)

All-silicon highly-doped PN junction-based photodetectors, for photonic integrated circuit (PIC) calibration and power monitoring, are designed and fabricated in the C-band. The photodetector response is measured for different doping conditions. The photodetectors are integrated with an interferometric based phase-interrogator structure for a test calibration circuit. The measured devices show high responsivity (12 A/W) obtained under avalanche condition at 5.7 V reverse bias and reasonable dark current ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) due to photon assisted tunneling effect and are therefore, proved to be an ideal candidate for power monitoring and phase calibration of PICs.
Highly emissive colloidal nanocrystals of mixed dimensionality (2004)

Single particle measurements on a novel class of materials consisting of spherical CdSe cores surrounded by elongated CdS shells reveal unprecedented photophysical stability due to exceptional extinction coefficients as well as high quantum efficiencies.
Antiproliferative Effect of Resveratrol in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells (2003)

Resveratrol, a polyphenolic phytoalexin found in grapes, may have potential for the prevention and treatment of human cancer. We report here that resveratrol inhibits the growth of human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells and provide a molecular explanation of the effect. Resveratrol treatment in DU145 cells resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death. The antiproliferative effect of resveratrol was associated with the inhibition of D-type cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) 4 expression, and the induction of tumor suppressor p53 and Cdk inhibitor p21. Moreover, the kinase activities of cyclin E and Cdk2 were inhibited by resveratrol without alteration of their protein levels. Resveratrol treatment also up-regulated the Bax protein and mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner; however, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL levels were not significantly affected. These effects were found to correlate with an activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. Taken together, our study suggests that resveratrol has a strong potential for development as an agent for the prevention of human prostate cancer.
Compressive Classification via Secant Projections (2013)

One novel dimensional reduction method based on manifold modeling is applied on Rice single pixel camera for targets classification. The number of measurements is at least halved compared with equivalent classification result via random projections.
Efficient Coiled-Tubing Fracturing for Proppant-Placement Assurance and Contingency-Cost Mitigation (2012)

Abstract Combining production from multiple intervals within a well during completion has been used for many years. Many of these reservoirs required hydraulic-fracture stimulation, and a number of promising fracturing methods have been developed where several stages can be performed sequentially, provided there is some method used to isolate previously stimulated intervals. One method claims high efficiency by using high-rate treatments and limited-entry perforating concepts. However, the promises proved to be elusive. Contingencies for early screenout, perforating gun missfires, and other equipment failures have often dramatically impacted completion efficiency. To guard against these failures, the proppant schedules were underdesigned or purposely overflushed, thus reducing the resulting fracture conductivity. To achieve limited-entry diversion, high-treatment rates were used, which required a large amount of hydraulic horsepower onsite. Yet, even when efficiencies were achievable, production logging often showed that, at best, only 50% of the intended fracturing targets would actually produce at fracture-stimulated rates. Discovery of an important phenomenon was recently explained using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. It was found that the difference in the physical qualities of proppant and the carrying fluid cause the upper intervals to receive mostly proppant-free fluid. Pinpoint-stimulation fracturing methods can allow all of the multiple intervals completed to be stimulated efficiently, such that all intervals received the designed proppant volumes one interval at a time. For the most effective of these methods, coiled tubing (CT) is used to hydrajet perforate intervals for individual fracturing treatments, and proppant plugs are used to isolate stimulated intervals while maximizing near-wellbore (NWB) conductivity. These methods do not require removing the CT from the well between treatments, so early screenouts can be remediated immediately with minimal impact. A new entry in this class of fracturing that allows real-time, on-demand downhole proppant-schedule control can be combined with real-time fracture-mapping diagnostics to optimize stimulated reservoir volume (SRV) on-the-fly, when needed. A 15-stage completion in the Marcellus is used to demonstrate the process.
Photocatalytic CO2 reduction by a mixed metal (Zr/Ti), mixed ligand metal–organic framework under visible light irradiation (2015)

Postsynthetic exchange (PSE) of Ti(IV) into a Zr(IV)-based MOF enabled photocatalytic CO2 reduction to HCOOH under visible light irradiation with the aid of BNAH and TEOA. Use of a mixed-ligand strategy enhanced the photocatalytic activity of the MOF by introducing new energy levels in the band structure of the MOF.
Real-time Cinematic Design Of Visual Aspects In Computer-generated Images (2010)

Creation of visually-pleasing images has always been one of the main goals of computer graphics. Two important components are necessary to achieve this goal --- artists who design visual aspects of an image (such as materials or lighting) and sophisticated algorithms that render the image. Traditionally, rendering has been of greater interest to researchers, while the design part has always been deemed as secondary. This has led to many inefficiencies, as artists, in order to create a stunning image, are often forced to resort to the traditional, creativity-baring, pipelines consisting of repeated rendering and parameter tweaking. Our work shifts the attention away from the rendering problem and focuses on the design. We propose to combine non-physical editing with real-time feedback and provide artists with efficient ways of designing complex visual aspects such as global illumination or all-frequency shadows. We conform to existing pipelines by inserting our editing components into existing stages, hereby making editing of visual aspects an inherent part of the design process. Many of the examples showed in this work have been, until now, extremely hard to achieve. The non-physical aspect of our work enables artists to express themselves in more creative ways, not limited by the physical parameters of current renderers. Real-time feedback allows artists to immediately see the effects of applied modifications and compatibility with existing workflows enables easy integration of our algorithms into production pipelines.
Grain-Orientation Induced Work Function Variation in Nanoscale Metal-Gate Transistors—Part II: Implications for Process, Device, and Circuit Design (2010)

This paper investigates the process, device, and circuit design implications of grain-orientation-induced work function variation (WFV) in high-k/metal-gate devices. WFV is caused by the dependence of the work function of metal grains on their orientations and is analytically modeled in the companion paper (part I). Using this modeling framework, various implications of WFV are investigated in this paper. It is shown that process designers can utilize the proposed models to reduce the impact of WFV by identifying proper materials and fabrication processes. For instance, four types of metal nitride gate materials (TiN and TaN for NMOS devices and WN and MoN for PMOS devices) are studied, and it is shown that TiN and WN result in lower V_th fluctuations. Moreover, device engineers can study the impact of WFV on various types of classical and nonclassical metal-gate CMOS transistors using these analytical models. As an example, it is shown that, for a given channel length, single-fin FinFETs are less affected by WFV compared to fully depleted SOI and bulk-Si devices due to their larger gate area. Furthermore, circuit designers can benefit from the proposed modeling framework that allows straightforward evaluation of the key performance and reliability parameters of the circuits under such V_th fluctuations. For instance, an SRAM cell is analyzed in the presence of V_th fluctuations due to WFV, and it is shown that such variations can result in considerable performance and reliability degradation.
BAYESIAN FRAMEWORK FOR ARTIFACT REDUCTION ON ECG IN MRI (2016)

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is required during Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) for two reasons, patient monitoring and MRI se-quence synchronization for cardiovascular imaging. The MRI en-vironment severely distorts ECG signals. The Magnetic Field Gra-dients (MFG) especially induce artifacts, which make ECG analysis during MRI acquisition challenging. Specific signal processing is thus required. An MFG artifact modeling has been proposed for their suppression. However the resulting techniques do not take the ECG signals into account during the model parameter estimation. Recently, ECG denoising based on an artificial ECG model and non-linear Bayesian filtering has been presented. In this paper, a new MFG artifact suppression method based on nonlinear Bayesian fil-tering and the unification of the ECG and MFG models is proposed. This new approach enables accurate patient monitoring and outper-forms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both QRS detection qual-ity and signal to noise ratio.