gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bismuth-Based Transient Liquid Phase (TLP) Bonding as High-Temperature Lead-Free Solder Alternatives (2017)

Predominant high melting point solders for high temperature electronics contain lead (Pb), which will soon be banned by environmental regulations as in most of consumer electronics. In an effort to replace the Pb-based solders with a new high-temperature capable material, we developed a transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of bismuth (Bi) and nickel (Ni). A molten Bi (m.p. of 271°C) strongly reacts with Ni to form a Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ni or BiNi intermetallic layer, both of which can withstand over 400°C. To study microstructural developments and their influences on reliability performance, the die attached coupons were assembled using Bi-Ni TLP bonds. It was shown that Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ni is the first phase to form, after which the diffusion of Bi controls the growth kinetics of this intermetallic phase with the activation energy of 65.5 kJ/mol for the temperature range from 160 to 240°C. The solid-state transformation of Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Ni to BiNi follows, which is a slower process and only occurs at a long-term aging (activation energy of 17.8 kJ/mol, for the temperature range from 260 to 300°C). When tested at high temperatures (up to 350°C) or exposed under long-term storage at 200°C over 1000 hours, such bonds showed no degradation in die shear strength. It indicates the potential of the Bi-Ni TLB bonds as a Pb-free alternative to replace high-Pb solders for high temperature electronics that operate at 200°C or higher.
Discovery of a Novel Class of Small-Molecule Antibacterial Agents Against Staphylococcus Aureus (2021)

<b>Background:</b> With constantly increasing resistance against the known antibiotics, the search for novel antibacterial compounds is a challenge. The number of synthetic antibacterial agents is limited. <b>Materials & methods:</b> We discovered novel small-molecule antibacterial agents that are accessible <i>via</i> a simple two-step procedure. The evaluation against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> showed antibacterial effects depending on the substituent positioning at the residues of the molecular scaffold. Additionally, we investigated the potential of the compounds to increase the antibacterial activity of tetracycline. <b>Results:</b> The most effective antibacterial compounds possessed a 3-methoxy function at an aromatic residue. In combination with tetracycline, we found a strong effect for a few compounds in boosting the antibacterial activity, so the first promising lead compounds with dual activities could be identified.
Clubbing in Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis-Reply (1991)

In Reply.— We appreciate Bourke's comments on our article, 1 and we fully agree with his concept that hypersensitivity pneumonitis is a complex clinical syndrome and that subtle, but important, differences between populations may exist in manifestation of the disease. In Mexico, we mainly deal with the chronic form of pigeon breeder's disease that is related to domestic, lowgrade, constant, and prolonged exposure to avian antigens. 2 What we have observed in the last years is that chronic pigeon breeder's disease may follow different clinical courses, ie, some patients can recover, others remain with clinical and/or functional abnormalities, and in others the condition becomes worse and interstitial fibrosis develops. Interestingly, despite avoiding exposure and initiating a well-controlled therapy, progression to pulmonary fibrosis has appeared in about 30% to 40% of our patients. 2,3 In this context, the linkage between inflammation and fibrosis is one of the most fascinating and
Total Synthesis of the Antiparasitic Agent Avermectin B1a (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal Synthesis of the Antiparasitic Agent Avermectin B1aJames D. White, Gary L. Bolton, Anura P. Dantanarayana, Christina M. J. Fox, Roger N. Hiner, Randy W. Jackson, Kazuhiko Sakuma, and Ulhas S. WarrierCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 7, 1908–1939Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00112a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00112a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1609Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Fingerprint and high-wavenumber Raman spectroscopy in a human-swine coronary xenograft in vivo (2008)

Intracoronary Raman spectroscopy could open new avenues for the study and management of coronary artery disease due to its potential to measure the chemical and molecular composition of coronary atherosclerotic lesions. We have fabricated and tested a 1.5-mm-diameter (4.5 Fr) Raman catheter capable of collecting Raman spectra in both the fingerprint (400-1800 cm(-1)) and high-wavenumber (2400-3800 cm(-1)) regions. Spectra were acquired in vivo, using a human-swine xenograft model, in which diseased human coronary arteries are grafted onto a living swine heart, replicating the disease and dynamic environment of the human circulatory system, including pulsatile flow and motion. Results show that distinct spectral differences, corresponding to the morphology and chemical composition of the artery wall, can be identified by intracoronary Raman spectroscopy in vivo.
High-Speed Production of Crystalline Semiconducting Polymer Line Arrays by Meniscus Oscillation Self-Assembly (2020)

Evaporative self-assembly of semiconducting polymers is a low-cost route to fabricating micrometer and nanoscale features for use in organic and flexible electronic devices. However, in most cases, rate is limited by the kinetics of solvent evaporation, and it is challenging to achieve uniformity over length- and time-scales that are compelling for manufacturing scale-up. In this study, we report high-throughput, continuous printing of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) by a modified doctor blading technique with oscillatory meniscus motion-meniscus-oscillated self-assembly (MOSA), which forms P3HT features ∼100 times faster than previously reported techniques. The meniscus is pinned to a roller, and the oscillatory meniscus motion of the roller generates repetitive cycles of contact-line formation and subsequent slip. The printed P3HT lines demonstrate reproducible and tailorable structures: nanometer scale thickness, micrometer scale width, submillimeter pattern intervals, and millimeter-to-centimeter scale coverage with highly defined boundaries. The line width as well as interval of P3HT patterns can be independently controlled by varying the polymer concentration levels and the rotation rate of the roller. Furthermore, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) reveals that this dynamic meniscus control technique dramatically enhances the crystallinity of P3HT. The MOSA process can potentially be applied to other geometries, and to a wide range of solution-based precursors, and therefore will develop for practical applications in printed electronics.
Metformin Decreases Glucose Oxidation and Increases the Dependency of Prostate Cancer Cells on Reductive Glutamine Metabolism (2013)

Metformin inhibits cancer cell proliferation, and epidemiology studies suggest an association with increased survival in patients with cancer taking metformin; however, the mechanism by which metformin improves cancer outcomes remains controversial. To explore how metformin might directly affect cancer cells, we analyzed how metformin altered the metabolism of prostate cancer cells and tumors. We found that metformin decreased glucose oxidation and increased dependency on reductive glutamine metabolism in both cancer cell lines and in a mouse model of prostate cancer. Inhibition of glutamine anaplerosis in the presence of metformin further attenuated proliferation, whereas increasing glutamine metabolism rescued the proliferative defect induced by metformin. These data suggest that interfering with glutamine may synergize with metformin to improve outcomes in patients with prostate cancer.
RepMet: Representative-based metric learning for classification and one-shot object detection (2018)

Distance metric learning (DML) has been successfully applied to object classification, both in the standard regime of rich training data and in the few-shot scenario, where each category is represented by only a few examples. In this work, we propose a new method for DML that simultaneously learns the backbone network parameters, the embedding space, and the multi-modal distribution of each of the training categories in that space, in a single end-to-end training process. Our approach outperforms state-of-the-art methods for DML-based object classification on a variety of standard fine-grained datasets. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on the problem of few-shot object detection, by incorporating the proposed DML architecture as a classification head into a standard object detection model. We achieve the best results on the ImageNet-LOC dataset compared to strong baselines, when only a few training examples are available. We also offer the community a new episodic benchmark based on the ImageNet dataset for the few-shot object detection task.
Texture Classication in Pulmonary CT (2011)

Computed tomography (CT) images of the human lungs show intensity variations that form certain repeated patterns, also referred to as texture. Some of these variations are due to noise and artifacts, but others are due to properties of the imaged tissue. Abnormal lung tissue can often be distinguished from healthy lung tissue based on its texture. The texture of the abnormal lung tissue depends on the type and severity of the abnormality. Three examples of regions of lung tissue extracted from CT are presented in Figure 15.1, an example of normal, healthy lung tissue in Figure 15.1(a) and two examples of abnormal lung tissue, in this case emphysema, in Figures 15.1(b) and 15.1(c). The normal lung tissue exhibits a noisy, gray pattern with thin, bright structures, which are mainly vessels and airway walls. The abnormal lung tissue is in this case characterized by black blobs, due to missing lung tissue, of varying sizes within the normal appearing tissue.
Ozone‐induced changes in natural organic matter (nom) structure (1999)

Abstract Hydrophobic organic acids (combined humic and fulvic acids), obtained from an Antarctic Lake with predominantly microbially derived organic carbon sources and two US river systems with terrestrial organic carbon sources, were ozonated. Several analyses, including 13C‐NMR, UV absorbance, fluorescence, hydrophobic/transphilic classification, and potentiometric titrations, were performed before and after ozonation. Ozonation reduced aromatic carbon content, selectively reducing phenolic carbon content. Ozonation of the samples resulted in increased aliphatic, carboxyl, plus acetal and ketal anomeric carbon content and shifted towards less hydrophobic compounds.
High‐Resolution Tracking of Single‐Molecule Diffusion in Membranes by Confocalized and Spatially Differentiated Fluorescence Photon Stream Recording (2014)

The performance of a method is assessed which allows for the spatiotemporal tracking of single dye-labeled molecules during two-dimensional (2D) diffusional transits through the focal area of a modified confocal microscope. In addition to facilitating the observation of molecular diffusion paths at the shot-noise limit of bright organic emitters with spatial and temporal precisions of ∼10-20 nm and <0.5 ms, respectively, the direct access to the complete stream of detected photons is beneficial for characterizing nanoscale details such as transient pausing (binding). We discuss technical aspects of this approach, along with results from its application to measuring lipid membrane dynamics in live mammalian cells. Presented topics include a discussion of the advantages of the single-photon collection mode and instrument as well as computational considerations for the localization process. A proof-of-principle experiment shows that optical nanoscopy by stochastic single-molecule switching and position readout could be implementable in parallel with such fast molecular tracking. This would allow direct access to contextual imaging data of local cytoskeletal structural elements or localized longer-lived protein assemblies.
Modulation génique et transfert de gènes dans le système plasminogène/plasmine. Application pour la biologie vasculaire (1995)

Le systeme fibrinolytique plasminogene/plasmine avec ses deux voies d’activation physiologiques, l’une passant par le tPA (activateur tissulaire du plasminogene) et l’autre par le uPA (activateur de type urokinase du plasminogene), est implique dans les processus normaux et pathologiques de la paroi vasculaire comme la dissolution des caillots (thrombolyse), l’hemostase, la formation d’anevrisme, la neovascularisation, la restenose et l’atherosclerose. L’implication du systeme fibrinolytique in vivo apparait evidente quand on observe les associations des activites fibrinolytiques a de nombreux phenomenes physiopathologiques. Mais ceci n’avait pas permis d’etablir de facon definitive des relations causes-consequences. La modulation d’expression des genes et le transfert de genes sont des technologies recentes qui permettent d’etablir avec plus de certitude l’implication in vivo des produits de ces genes. Cet article passe en revue les donnees des etudes sur la thrombose et la thrombolyse, l’hemostase, la proliferation intimale, l’atherosclerose et, finalement, les effets associes sur la survie.
Alternative Z-scan geometries for n2 measurements (1990)

We have recently reported a simple experimental technique, 1 Z-scan, for determining nonlinear refraction and nonlinear absorption. By using a Gaussian beam in a tight focusing geometry, the transmittance of a nonlinear medium through an aperture in the far field is measured as a function of the sample position with respect to the focal plane. A typical Z-scan transmittance signal has a maximum before focus and a minimum after focus, or vice versa, depending on the sign of the nonlinearity. In this paper, we explore different geometries of the Z-scan experimental arrangement to further enhance the sensitivity of this technique. Adding an imaging lens in the far field and placing the aperture at the imaging plane of the new system enhances the sensitivity of the Z-scan technique threefold. Moreover, the positions of the peak and valley are reversed with respect to the focal plane.
A Pre-clinical Standard Operating Procedure for Evaluating Orthobiologics in an In Vivo Rat Spinal Fusion Model (2022)

The rat animal model is a cost effective and reliable model used in spinal pre-clinical research. Complications from various surgical procedures in humans often arise that were based on these pre-clinical animal models. Therefore safe and efficacious pre-clinical animal models are needed to establish continuity into clinical trials. A Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is a validated method that allows researchers to safely and carefully replicate previously successful surgical techniques. Thus, the aim of this study is to describe in detail the procedures involved in a common rat bilateral posterolateral intertransverse spinal fusion SOP used to test the efficacy and safety different orthobiologics using a collagen-soaked sponge as an orthobiologic carrier. Only two orthobiologics are currently FDA approved for spinal fusion surgery which include recombinant bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2), and I-FACTOR. While there are many additional orthobiologics currently being tested, one way to show their safety profile and gain FDA approval, is to use well established preclinical animal models. A preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative surgical setup including specific anesthesia and euthanasia protocols are outlined. Furthermore, we describe different postoperative methods used to validate the spinal fusion SOP, which include μCT analysis, histopathology, biomechanical testing, and blood analysis. This SOP can help increase validity, transparency, efficacy, and reproducibly in future rat spinal fusion surgery procedures.
High Throughput, High Precision Hot Testing Tool for HBLED Wafer Level Testing (2015)

The Socrates research effort developed an in depth understanding and demonstrated in a prototype tool new precise methods for teh characterization of color characteristics and flux from individual LEDs for the production of uniform quality lighting. This effort was focused on improving the color quality and consistency of solid state lighting and potentially reducing characterization costs for all LED product types. The patented laser hot testing method was demonstrated to be far more accurate than all current state of the art color and flux characterization methods in use by the solid state lighting industry today. A seperately patented LED grouping method (statistical binning) was demonstrated to be a useful approach to improving utilization of entire lots of large color and flux distributions of manufactured LEDs for high quality color solid-state lighting. At the conclusion of the research in late 2015 the solid-state lighting industry was however generally satisfied with its existing production methods for high quality color products for the small segment of customers that demand it, albeit with added costs.
Improved Speech Intelligibility in Subjects With Stable Sensorineural Hearing Loss Following Intratympanic Dosing of FX-322 in a Phase 1b Study (2021)

Delivery of FX-322 to the extended high-frequency region of the cochlea is well tolerated and enhances speech recognition performance in multiple subjects with stable chronic hearing loss.
Reproductive death of cancer cells induced by femtosecond laser pulses (2007)

We investigate the efficacy of inducing reproductive death of cancer cells by ultraviolet, visible and near infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The reproductive cell death may result from (numerous) single photon absorption events or from multi-photon absorption processes. The high intensity of femtosecond laser pulses facilitate multi-photon processes, which potentially may arrest the reproduction of cells at wavelengths that otherwise are harmless.
Nanostructured Assembly of Homopolymers for a Flexible Bragg Grating (2005)

Fabrication of homogeneous, flexible, polymeric, dielectric Bragg gratings is demonstrated. The Bragg grating is assembled on a poly(ethylene terephthalate) film using polymeric colloidal microspheres of polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (see Figure). The microspheres are stacked successively with precise control at the nanometer scale and the gratings, free of metal and other inorganic materials, cover a relatively large area.
Expression of Concern: HMGB1 mediates splenomegaly and expansion of splenic CD11b+ Ly‐6Chigh inflammatory monocytes in murine sepsis survivors (2013)

Our results indicate that prolonged elevation of HMGB1 is a necessary and sufficient mediator of splenomegaly and splenocyte expansion, as well as splenocyte inflammatory priming in murine severe sepsis survivors.
Nickel-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of Simple Alkenes (2011)

This report describes a nickel-catalyzed allylic substitution process of simple alkenes whereby an important structural motif, a 1,4-diene, was prepared. The key to success is the use of an appropriate nickel–phosphine complex and a stoichiometric amount of silyl triflate. Reactions of 1-alkyl-substituted alkenes consistently provided 1,1-disubstituted alkenes with high selectivity. Insight into the reaction mechanism as well as miscellaneous application of the developed catalytic process is also documented.
Size Monitoring in the Synthesis of Silica Nanoparticles Using Asymmetrical Flow Field‐Flow Fractionation (AF4) (2016)

Particle size is one of the important parameters that determine the characteristics (and applicability) of silica nanoparticles. An accurate sizing technique is therefore required for quality control during the synthesis of silica nanoparticles. Unlike other sizing techniques, the field‐flow fractionation ( FFF ) provides size‐based separation of colloidal particles, and allows an FFF elution profile, which can be converted to a size distribution directly. Synthesis of silica nanoparticles having narrow size distributions is not trivial, as there are many parameters affecting the characteristics of the synthesized particles. In this study, silica nanoparticles were synthesized by emulsion polymerization, where ethanol, ammonium hydroxide, and tetraethyl orthosilicate ( TEOS ) were mixed at room temperature. First, silica nanoparticles were synthesized in a smaller scale with a total reaction volume of 175 mL . Then the effect of various reaction parameters on the particle size distribution ( PSD ) was systematically investigated using asymmetrical flow FFF ( AF4 ), a member of FFF family. The synthesis scale was then increased to the total reaction volume of 3 L. It was observed that, as the concentrations of TEOS and ethanol increased, the size of the silica nanoparticles tended to decrease, while as the concentration of ammonium hydroxide increased, the size tended to increase. Silica nanoparticles of about 100 nm having a relatively narrow size distribution could be obtained in a large scale with the concentrations of TEOS , ethanol, and ammonia solution of 95, 95, and 15%, respectively. The results suggest that AF4 is a useful tool for fast and accurate size monitoring of silica nanoparticles.
Processing of Porous Li0.06(Na0.5K0.5)0.94NbO3 Ceramics and Their Piezoelectric Composites with Hetero-Crystals (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Results and Discussion Summary
3D Localization of Cavitation Bubbles with a two-Array Angular Spectrum Method Implementation (2022)

Based on the Angular Spectrum Method, a new approach for the 3D-localization of cavitation bubbles is introduced in this study. Using two orthogonal arrays, the source location can be determined not only in a very precise but also in a very fast way, compared to reconstruction algorithms like Delay, Multiply, Sum and Integrate. In a first step, the suitability of the method for cavitation monitoring could be shown with numerically obtained data, where the method revealed only small deviations from the ground truth. The experimental results were in overall good agreement with these findings.