gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Low Inhomogeneous Broadening and High Coherent Fraction through Dicationic Ligand Engineering (2023)

Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (LHP NCs) are an emerging materials system with broad potential applications, including as emitters of quantum light. We apply design principles aimed at the structural optimization of surface ligand species for CsPbBr<sub>3</sub> NCs, leading us to the study of LHP NCs with dicationic quaternary ammonium bromide ligands. Through the selection of linking groups and aliphatic backbones guided by experiments and computational support, we demonstrate consistently narrow photoluminescence line shapes with a full-width-at-half-maximum below 70 meV. We observe bulk-like Stokes shifts throughout our range of particle sizes, from 7 to 16 nm. At cryogenic temperatures, we find sub-200 ps lifetimes, significant photon coherence, and the fraction of photons emitted into the coherent channel increasing markedly to 86%. A 4-fold reduction in inhomogeneous broadening from previous work paves the way for the integration of LHP NC emitters into nanophotonic architectures to enable advanced quantum optical investigation.
Characterization and simulation methodology for time-dependent variability in advanced technologies (2015)

This paper describes the implications of Bias Temperature Instability (BTI) related time-dependent threshold voltage distributions on the performance and yield of devices and SRAM cells. We show that nFET and pFET time-dependent variability, in addition to the standard time-zero variability, can be fully characterized and projected using a series of measurements on a large test element group (TEG) fabricated in an advanced technology. The statistical distributions encompassing both time-zero and time-dependent variability and their correlations are discussed. The assumption of Normally distributed threshold voltages, imposed by State-of-the-Art design approaches, is shown to induce inaccuracy which is readily solved by adopting our defect-centric statistical approach.
Shape of the Cloak: Formal Analysis of Clock Skew-Based Intrusion Detection System in Controller Area Networks (2019)

This paper presents a new masquerade attack called the cloaking attack and provides formal analyses for clock skew-based intrusion detection systems (IDSs) that detect masquerade attacks in the controller area network (CAN) in automobiles. In the cloaking attack, the adversary manipulates the message inter-transmission times of spoofed messages by adding delays so as to emulate a desired clock skew and avoid detection. In order to predict and characterize the impact of the cloaking attack in terms of the attack success probability on a given CAN bus and IDS, we develop formal models for two clock skew-based IDSs, i.e., the state-of-the-art (SOTA) IDS and its adaptation to the widely used network time protocol (NTP), using parameters of the attacker, the detector, and the hardware platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper that provides formal analyses of clock skew-based IDSs in automotive CAN. We implement the cloaking attack on two hardware testbeds, a prototype and a real vehicle (the University of Washington EcoCAR), and demonstrate its effectiveness against both the SOTA and NTP-based IDSs. By comparing each predicted attack success probability curve against its experimental curve, we find that the average prediction error is within 3.0% for the SOTA IDS and 5.7% for the NTP-based IDS.
Involvement of the FGFR4 Arg388 allele in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2004)

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in various forms of human hyperproliferative disorders such as cancers of the cervix and bladder. We investigated the expression pattern of FGFR4 and the clinical significance of the recently identified Gly/Arg polymorphism (388) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) of the oral cavity and the oropharynx. Sections from 104 paraffin-embedded tumors were analyzed by a restriction fragment length polymorphism-based method to determine the FGFR4 genotypes. Protein expression was investigated immunohistochemically and graded into a low, intermediate, or high degree of staining. FGFR4 expression was scored as high in 17, as intermediate in 59 and as low in 28 cases. The FGFR4 Arg388 allele was found in 59 tumors, 46 of them having heterozygous and 13 homozygous genotypes. High expression of the FGFR4 Arg388 allele was significantly associated with reduced overall survival (p = 0.032) and with an advanced tumor stage (p = 0.023), whereas expression of the FGFR4 Gly388 had no impact on disease progression. Our findings indicate that high expression of FGFR4 in connection with the Arg388 allele is associated with poor clinical outcome and support the significance of FGFR4 as a diagnostic marker and a target for therapeutic intervention in human HNSCC.
Directed Self-Assembly of Colloidal Quantum Dots Using Well-Ordered Nanoporous Templates for Three-Colored Nanopixel Light-Emitting Diodes (2019)

We demonstrate high-resolution light-emitting diodes based on well-defined nanoarrays of colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with different sizes in a large area using nanoporous templates. To fabricate the nanoporous templates, a thin film of asymmetric polystyrene-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine) copolymers (S2VPs) is spin-coated on a ZnO layer and solvent-annealed in a vapor of toluene to induce vertically oriented P2VP cylinders in a PS matrix. When immersed in ethanol, the surface of BCP thin films is reconstructed and well-ordered nanopores are generated over the whole surface. The nanopores are then directly utilized as templates for self-assembly of quantum dots during the spin-coating process. Consequently, the quantum dots of three primary colors are selectively deposited in nanopores and are used to fabricate a well-ordered array of nanometer-scale pixels that can be operated by applying the proper voltage for each color.
Electrochemical Modulation of the Flammability of Ionic Liquid Fuels (2023)

Flammability and combustion of high energy density liquid propellants are controlled by their volatility. We demonstrate a new concept through which the volatility of a high energy density ionic liquid propellant can be dynamically manipulated enabling one to (a) store a thermally insensitive oxidation resistant nonflammable fuel, (b) generate flammable vapor phase species electrochemically by applying a direct-current voltage bias, and (c) extinguish its flame by removing the voltage bias, which stops its volatilization. We show that a thermally stable imidazolium-based energy dense ionic liquid can be made flammable or nonflammable simply by application or withdrawal of a direct-current bias. This cycle can be repeated as often as desired. The estimated energy penalty of the electrochemical activation process is only ∼4% of the total energy release. This approach presents a paradigm shift, offering the potential to make a "safe fuel" or alternatively a simple electrochemically driven fuel metering scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Radical Additions: An Expedient Entry into Complex Frameworks. (1988)

Abstract The allylic radical, generated by photolysis of the carboxylate (I), reacts with the activated alkenes (II) to give the bicyclo(3.3.0)octanes (III) and (IV).
Emerging from uncertainty: International perspectives on the impact of COVID-19 on university research (Full report) (2020)

Springer Nature commissioned Research Consulting to produce a report providing preliminary evidence on the current and long-term impacts of COVID-19 on research activities within universities. This report focuses on two higher education systems, in the UK and Australia, which are particularly reliant on international student fees to cross-subsidise research. However, many of the findings are equally applicable to higher education and research systems globally, as are the risks of failing to protect investment in these systems over the coming years.
Ultrafast switching characteristics of a bistable surface-emitting multiple quantum well distributed Bragg reflector laser (1988)

We describe an ultrafast switching operation of a bistable surface-emitting distributed Bragg reflector laser. The rise time was as small as 12 ps and the fall time was 90 ps. Both are much smaller than those of conventional bistable laser diodes. Ths was realized by the effect of the multiple quantum well structure and a strong detuning.
ROTATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY OF FLAVOR COMPOUNDS IN PEACH BRANDY FOR PROCESS MONITORING IN CRAFT DISTILLERIES (2019)

The feasibility of using molecular rotational spectroscopy as an on-line monitoring system for brandy distillation has been investigated in collaboration with Monte Piccolo Farm and Distillery.The target product is brandy produced from Indian Blood peaches.A previous study identified key flavor components from 18 peach cultivars, and lactones in the C 8 -C 12 size range appear to produce much of the characteristic peach flavor.a These lactones are present in different ratios across peach cultivars and, as a result, these ratios may help identify the ideal peach for brandy distillation.Rotational spectra of octa-, deca-, and dodecalactone isomers were collected to provide a library of possible flavor congeners.Experimental spectra of the lactones were in good agreement with dispersion corrected density functional theory calculations.b Despite the lactones possessing long alkyl tails, conformational populations observed in the pulsed-jet expansion were dominated by one or two conformations.A lab-prepared mixture of peach flavor compounds and commercial peach extracts were analyzed to test the ability of the technique to analyze complex mixtures, similar to what would be seen during distillation.These measurements use temperature-programmed broadband rotational spectroscopy to separate the full spectrum of all mixture compounds into a spectrum for each compound.Rapid monitoring of these flavor components with a cavityenhanced Fourier transform microwave spectrometer using a pre-programmed sample profile has been demonstrated on the commercial instrument from BrightSpec that is based on the NIST compact Balle-Flygare spectrometer design.c
Insights into receptor structure and dynamics at the surface of living cells (2023)

Evaluating protein structures in living cells remains a challenge. Here, we investigate Interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) into which the non-canonical amino acid bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne-lysine (BCNK) is incorporated by genetic code expansion. Bioorthogonal click labeling is performed with tetrazine-conjugated dyes. To quantify the reaction yield in situ, we develop brightness-calibrated ratiometric imaging, a protocol where fluorescent signals in confocal multi-color images are ascribed to local concentrations. Screening receptor mutants bearing BCNK in the extracellular domain uncovered site-specific variations of both click efficiency and Interleukin-4 binding affinity, indicating subtle well-defined structural perturbations. Molecular dynamics and continuum electrostatics calculations suggest solvent polarization to determine site-specific variations of BCNK reactivity. Strikingly, signatures of differential click efficiency, measured for IL-4Rα in ligand-bound and free form, mirror sub-angstrom deformations of the protein backbone at corresponding locations. Thus, click efficiency by itself represents a remarkably informative readout linked to protein structure and dynamics in the native plasma membrane.
<title>A neural network approach to key frame extraction</title> (2003)

We present a neural network based approach to key frame extraction in the compressed domain. The proposed method is an amalgamation of both the MPEG-7 descriptors namely motion intensity descriptor and spatial activity descriptor. Shot boundary detection and block motion estimation techniques are employed prior to the extraction of the descriptors. The motion intensity (“pace of action”) is obtained using a fuzzy system that classifies the motion intensity into five categories proportional to the intensity. The spatial activity matrix determines the spatial distribution of activity (“active regions”) in a frame. A neural network is used to pick those frames as key frames which have high intensity and maximum spatial activity at the center of the frame. Results are compared against two well-known key frame extraction techniques to demonstrate the advantage and robustness of the proposed approach. Results show that the neural network approach performs much better than selecting first frame of the shot as a key frame and selecting middle frame of the shot as a key frame methods.
Adaptive active noise and vibration control systems (2005)

A review of research concerned with adaptive noise and vibration control systems and performed under the supervision of Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.A. Zverev at Nizhni Novgorod State University in the 1980s and 1990s is presented. The history of the subject is briefly outlined, and the theoretical foundations of the design of adaptive active control systems for random wave fields are considered. The main experimental studies performed in this area of research at the Department of Bionics and Statistical Radiophysics of Nizhni Novgorod State University are described. Promising lines of research in this area are indicated, and examples of the practical application of adaptive control systems are given.
[Insertion of percutaneous transhepatic biliary endoprosthesis for unresectable lower cholangiocellular carcinoma following cholangitis due to endoscopic biliary plastic stent obstruction]. (2013)

The patient was an 87-year-old woman who was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation, which was treated with an anticoagulant, and with chronic kidney disease. The patient was diagnosed as having liver dysfunction and lower cholangiocellular carcinoma (cStage I) on ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography. Since it was impossible to perform curative resection owing to the patient's decreased cardiac and renal function, we performed palliative endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD) with a plastic stent (PS), and the patient was discharged 11 days later. However, the patient was readmitted because of fever (>38.0°C) and vomiting 124 days after ERBD. We assumed that the patient had developed cholangitis due to PS obstruction. Moreover, her blood culture was positive for Klebsiella pneumoniae. We were unable to replace the PS as the tumor had increased in size and hemorrhage from the papilla of Vater continued after the stent had been removed. The signs of inflammation improved after treatment of sepsis with antibiotics and immunoglobulins, and we performed percutaneous transhepatic cholangio drainage( PTCD) and eventually inserted a percutaneous transhepatic biliary endoprosthesis (PTBE) with an expandable metallic stent (EMS). The patient died 2 months later; no stent occlusion was observed. Our experience suggests that endoscopic biliary stents should be selected bearing in mind the patency of the stent and the prognosis.
A low noise, non-contact capacitive cardiac sensor (2012)

The development of sensitive, non-contact electric field sensors to measure weak bioelectric signals will be useful for the development of a number of unobtrusive health sensors. In this paper we summarize our recent work on a number of specific challenges in the development of non-contact ECG sensors. First, we considered the design of a low noise sensor preamplifier. We have adapted circuit designs that incorporate a double feedback loop to cancel the input transistor leakage current while providing stable operation, fast settling time and good low frequency response without the need for ultrahigh value resistors. The measured input referred noise of the preamplifier in the frequency band 0.05-100 Hz is 0.76 µV(rms), which is several times lower than existing ECG preamplifiers.
Fællesfagligheden til prøve: udfordringer i første års implementering af den fælles prøve i naturfagene i folkeskolen (2018)

I foråret 2017 blev den nye fællesfaglige prøve for naturfagene fysik/kemi, biologi og geografi for første gang afviklet for alle elever i 9. klasse. Den nye mundtlige prøve er karakteriseret ved at inddrage alle udskolingens naturfag, tage udgangspunkt i elevernes fællesfaglige arbejde indenfor en selvvalgt problemstilling samt vægtlægge elevernes naturfaglige kompetencer. Da få danske naturfagslærere er uddannede til at varetage fællesfaglig, problemorienteret og kompetencefokuseret undervisning, må prøven og det prøveforberedende arbejde forventes at udgøre en udfordring. Første års prøveafvikling har været fulgt tæt af et forskningssamarbejde, og artiklen belyser hvorledes det er gået med at håndtere disse nye udfordringer.
Detailed Mechanistic Studies of Hydroprocessing Catalysts on Real Feeds for Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Production (2021)

Quite a few gaps exist in between academic studies and industrial needs in the field of hydroprocessing. Many rooted in the difference of model compounds versus real feeds, and kinetic studies at low conversion versus rate-limiting factors occurred only at high conversion. In this study, we developed a detailed mechanistic model to decouple a few key kinetic components (rate/order with respect to organosulfur species and H2 partial pressure) using real feeds at high conversion (90%+) for ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) production. With the advancement in 2D sulfur gas chromatography with a resolution down to 5 ppm S, we were able to quantify each organosulfur species (e.g., 2,4,6-trimethyl dibenzothiophene) and calculate the rate constant both on an absolute scale and relative to the total sulfur conversion to derive a full mechanistic picture of the rate-limiting step under ULSD (<10 ppm) production process conditions.
A 0.9 V 1.5 mW continuous-time ΔΣ modulator for WCDMA (2004)

A second-order continuous-time /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ modulator for a WCDMA RX is implemented with inverter-based OTAs, enabling operation at a voltage of 0.9 V. The OTAs are balanced by using CMFB. The modulator consumes only 1.5 mW and occupies 0.12 mm/sup 2/ in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS process. SNDR is 50.9 dB over a bandwidth of 1.92 MHz.
Brain calcification process and phenotypes according to age and sex: Lessons from SLC20A2, PDGFB, and PDGFRB mutation carriers (2015)

Primary Familial Brain Calcification (PFBC) is a dominantly inherited cerebral microvascular calcifying disorder with diverse neuropsychiatric expression. Three causative genes have been identified: SLC20A2, PDGFRB and, recently, PDGFB, whose associated phenotype has not yet been extensively studied. We included in the largest published case series of genetically confirmed PFBC, 19 PDGFB (including three new mutations), 24 SLC20A2 (including 4 new mutations), and 14 PDGFRB mutation carriers, from two countries (France and Brazil). We studied clinical features and applied our visual rating scale on all 49 available CT scans. Among the symptomatic mutation carriers (33/57, 58%), the three most frequently observed categories of clinical features were psychiatric signs (72.7%, 76.5%, and 80% for PDGFB, SLC20A2, and PDGFRB, respectively), movement disorders (45.5%, 76.5%, and 40%), and cognitive impairment (54.6%, 64.7%, and 40%). The median age of clinical onset was 31 years, 25% had an early onset (before 18) and 25% a later onset (after 53). Patients with an early clinical onset exhibited mostly isolated psychiatric or cognitive signs, while patients with a later onset exhibited mostly movement disorders, especially in association with other clinical features. CT scans rating allowed identifying four patterns of calcification. The total calcification score was best predicted by the combined effects of gene (SLC20A2 > PDGFB > PDGFRB mutations), sex (male), and (increasing) age, defining three risk classes, which correlated with the four patterns of calcification. These calcification patterns could reflect the natural history of the calcifying process, with distinct risk classes characterized by different age at onset or rate of progression.
Association of Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) overexpression with improved survival in patients with locally-advanced cervical cancer. (2015)

e16594 Background: PP2A is a widely conserved phosphatase that functions as a major tumor suppressor. Inhibition of PP2A is a necessary prerequisite for the transformation of cancer cells. Dephosphorylation of the transcription factor c-Myc is required for tumor suppressor activity of PP2A. There exists an endogenous oncoprotein, CIP2A (Cancerous Inhibitor of PP2A), that inhibits PP2A dephosphorylation of c-Myc. This leads to stabilization of c-Myc and subsequent cellular transformation. While the role of PP2A itself has not yet been directly elucidated in cervical cancer (CC), previous investigations demonstrate CIP2A overexpression in several other human squamous cell cancers. The objective of this study was to directly correlate PP2A expression with survival in CC using a Tissue Microarray (TMA). Methods: Immunohistochemical staining of a CC TMA was performed on specimens from patients with locally-advanced disease who underwent definitive radiation (±chemotherapy) to determine expression patterns of PP2A. Stained slides were reviewed by 2 independent investigators to determine cytoplasmic H-Scores (HS). Median HS for all specimens was 8. Samples were then divided into 2 groups: HS < 8 [Low PP2A Expression (PP2A-L)] and HS ≥ 8 [High PP2A Expression (PP2A-H)]. The association between HS and survival was evaluated. Results: 65 patient samples were stained and analyzed. 25 samples had PP2A-L and 40 had PP2A-H. Groups did not differ between age, histology, grade, or stage. Median follow-up time was 33 (1 – 82) months (mos). Progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly longer for PP2A-H (52.2 mos, 95% CI 42.0 – 62.4) than PP2A-L (23.6 mos, 95% CI 15.7 – 31.7) (p = 0.045). Overall survival (OS) was significantly longer for the PP2A-H (63.4 mos, 95% CI 54.7 – 72.0) than for PP2A-L (32.3 mos, 95% CI 24.2 – 40.4) (p = 0.047). Conclusions: PP2A overexpression is correlated with improved PFS and OS in CC. This preliminary data provides that rationale for therapeutically targeting the interactions between PP2A and CIP2A with investigational agents for the treatment of CC.
Management of Crohn's Disease in Adults (2009)

Guidelines for clinical practice are intended to suggest preferable approaches to particular medical problems as established by interpretation and collation of scientifically valid research, derived from extensive review of published literature. When data are not available that will withstand objective scrutiny, a recommendation may be made based on a consensus of experts. Guidelines are intended to apply to the clinical situation for all physicians without regard to specialty. Guidelines are intended to be flexible, not necessarily indicating the only acceptable approach, and should be distinguished from standards of care that are inflexible and rarely violated. Given the wide range of choices in any health care problem, the physician should select the course best suited to the individual patient and the clinical situation presented. These guidelines are developed under the auspices of the American College of Gastroenterology and its Practice Parameters Committee. Expert opinion is solicited from the outset for the document. Guidelines are reviewed in depth by the Committee, with participation from experienced clinicians and others in related fields. The final recommendations are based on the data available at the time of the production of the document and may be updated with pertinent scientific developments at a later time.