gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen-specific immunotherapy for ovarian cancer (2012)

Immunosurveillance is critical to ovarian cancer pathogenesis and progression. The goal of ovarian cancer immunotherapy is to exploit host defenses against tumor. Antigen-specific immunotherapy involves induction of effective and specific T-cell responses against tumor-associated antigens. In this chapter, we introduce the basic elements of the immune response to malignancy. We discuss the various approaches to ovarian cancer immunotherapy and summarize ovarian tumor-associated antigens that have progressed to study in clinical trials. We review the mechanisms of immune evasion inherent to many tumors, which have represented major barriers to successful therapy. Lastly, we explore recent advances in the understanding of inhibitory pathways involving regulatory T cells and B7 family proteins, which have prompted a paradigm shift towards synergistic strategies designed not only to target specific antigens, but also to modulate critical immune checkpoints.
Effectiveness of elevated vacuum and suction prosthetic suspension systems in managing daily residual limb fluid volume change in people with transtibial amputation (2020)

A better understanding of how elevated vacuum (EV) affects residual limb fluid volume will allow prosthetists to make more informed clinical decisions regarding accommodation strategies designed to improve daily socket fit.
Polyspector™ (2016)

With the advent of the 'big data' era, there are unprecedented opportunities and challenges to explore complex and large datasets. In the paper, we introduce Polyspector, a web-based interactive visualization platform optimized for interactive visual analysis with two distinguishing features. Firstly, a visualization-specific database engine based on pixel-aware aggregation is implemented to generate views of hundreds of millions of data items within a second even with an off-the-shelf PC. Secondly, a novel deep-linking mechanism, combined with the pixel-aware aggregation, is exploited to realize interactive visual analysis interfaces such as zooming, overview + detail, context + focus etc.
Validity of acoustic method for the assessment of whole-body hydration status (2015)

In almost any sport, athletes undergoing dehydration often suffer from numerous dehydration related injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of acoustic method to detect changes in the hydration status of athletes after undergoing acute dehydration and a 2-hour rehydration protocol. The acoustic method of assessing body hydration status is based on the experimental fact that ultrasound speed in muscle is a linear function of the tissue water content. The assessment of water imbalance was conducted by measuring speed of ultrasound in the calf muscles using through transmission method. Eighty-two male and female collegiate athletes were examined to detect changes in hydration status before and after undergoing 3% acute dehydration. Results demonstrated that the changes of ultrasound velocity are in average about 1.1 m/s per 1% of body dehydration and ultrasound velocity in muscle potentially may serve as a measure of body hydration status. However, ultrasound speed measurement using through transmission mode implemented in this study is highly dependent on the positioning of the probe: even slight variation in the acoustic path results in significant changes in the measured values, which may results in unacceptable error. A solution to this problem is proposed and discussed. [NIH2R44AG042990.]
Human immunodeficiency virus infection of T-lymphoblastoid cells reduces intracellular pH (1996)

Alterations in plasma membrane function are induced by many cytopathic viruses, including human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). These alterations can result in changes in the intracellular content of ions and other small molecules and can contribute to cytolysis and death of the infected cell. The pH-sensitive fluorescent probe 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5,6-carboxyfluorescein-acetoxymethyl ester was used to quantitate intracellular pH (pHi) in HIV-1-infected T cells. Infection of cells from the CD4+ T-lymphoblastoid line HUT-78 (RH9 subclone) with HIV-1 strain LAI resulted in a significant decrease of pHi, from approximately 7.2 in mock-infected cells to below 6.7 by day 4 after infection, when cells were undergoing acute cytopathic effects. The pHi in persistently infected cells that survived the acute cytopathic effects of HIV-1 was approximately 6.8 to 7.0. Studies with amiloride, an inhibitor of the Na+/H+ exchange system, suggest that HIV-1-induced intracellular acidification in lymphocytes is due, in part, to dysfunction of this plasma membrane ion transport system. The alterations in pHi may mediate certain cytopathic effects of HIV-1, thereby contributing to depletion of CD4+ T lymphocytes in patients with AIDS.
Modelling a fuzzy time system (2002)

The author gives an analysis of the fuzzy time covert channel reduction technique developed at the Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) and applied to the VAX security kernel for both a single computer system and a network of hosts. Specifically, he investigates covert channels in a model of a fuzzy time system and in a network model of n fuzzy time hosts and one nonfuzzy time host. The fuzzy time operating system model predicts a covert channel with a datarate of roughly 50 b/s, given a mean time between upticks of 20 ms as in the VAX security kernel. Several countermeasures including scheduler redesign are suggested, which will close or reduce the channels that are analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transcriptional regulation of neurofilament expression by protein kinase A (1997)

RN46A cells, a conditionally immortalized neuronal cell line derived from E12 rat medullary raphe nucleus, upregulate low M(r) (68 kDa, neurofilament [NF]-L) and medium M(r) (160 kDa, NF-M) neurofilament protein expression upon activation of protein kinase A (PKA). To examine possible transcriptional regulation of neurofilament protein expression by PKA, two cell lines were used; RN46A cells and C alpha EV6 cells, a cell line derived from RN46A cells that stably expresses the catalytic subunit of PKA under the control of the metallothionein promoter. Treatment of RN46A cells with dbcAMP resulted in an increase in the steady-state levels of both NF-L and NF-M, but not high M(r) (200 kDa, NF-H) neurofilament mRNA. These increases were both time and dose dependent and were sensitive to treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. In C alpha EV6 cells, activation of PKA by 80 microM ZnSO4 upregulated the expression of C alpha mRNA with maximal levels reached 8 hr post-treatment and maintained at 24 hr. Reporter gene assays in C alpha EV6 cells following transfection with increasing lengths of the NF-L promoter demonstrated that both a putative Sp1-like and a cAMP response (CRE), but not a NGFI-A, element were likely involved in PKA-dependent activation of the NF-L promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed these results but showed that the nuclear proteins induced by PKA which bound to the NF-L promoter Sp1-like sequence were not Sp1. Collectively, these data suggest that constitutively expressed Sp1 may be involved in basal NF-L promoter activity, and newly synthesized, PKA-dependent nuclear proteins may synergistically activate the rat NF-L promoter.
Impact of low-dose electron irradiation on n+p silicon strip sensors (2015)

The response of n+p silicon strip sensors to electrons from a 90Sr source was measured using a multi-channel read-out system with 25 ns sampling time. The measurements were performed over a period of several weeks, during which the operating conditions were varied. The sensors were fabricated by Hamamatsu Photonics on 200 μm thick float-zone and magnetic-Czochralski silicon. Their pitch was 80 μm, and both p-stop and p-spray isolation of the n+ strips were studied. The electrons from the 90Sr source were collimated to a spot with a full-width-at-half-maximum of 2 mm at the sensor surface, and the dose rate in the SiO2 at the maximum was about 50 Gy(SiO2)/d. After only a few hours of making measurements, significant changes in charge collection and charge sharing were observed. Annealing studies, with temperatures up to 80 °C and annealing times of 18 h showed that the changes can only be partially annealed. The observations can be qualitatively explained by the increase of the positive oxide-charge density due to the ionization of the SiO2 by the radiation from the β source. TCAD simulations of the electric field in the sensor for different oxide-charge densities and different boundary conditions at the sensor surface support this explanation. The relevance of the measurements for the design of n+p strip sensors is discussed.
Vitamin K–Dependent Proteins (1984)

Vitamin K–dependent coagulation-factor proenzymes (factors II, VII, IX, and X) contain γ-carboxyglutamic acid,1 2 3 an amino acid formed by the post-translational action of a vitamin K–dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase on specific glutamyl residues.4 Residues of γ-carboxyglutamic acid are located near the amino-terminal portions of these proteins; factors II (prothrombin) and VII each possess 10 such residues per molecule, whereas factors IX and X each possess 12. There is a striking sequence homology in the amino-terminal portions of these factors, especially with respect to the positions of the γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues.The discovery of γ-carboxyglutamic acid, after decades of speculation about the actions . . .
Conformational Analysis of Nucleosides Constructed on a Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Template. Structure-Antiviral Activity Analysis for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres of the Pseudorotational Cycle (1997)

Abstract A conformational analysis of carbocyclic nucleosides built on a rigid bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane template (1–4, Northern and 5–8 Southern) showed that the Northern conformation prefers an anti glycosyl torsion angle whereas the Southern conformation favors the syn range. Antiviral activity was mostly associated with the Northern conformers.
Anion Sensing Using Quinolinium Based Boronic Acid Probes (2005)

In this paper we review a series of water-soluble quinolinium boronic acid fluorescent probes, sensitive to halide and cyanide anions. We have intelligently combined the well-known halide, in particular chloride, bromide and iodide, sensing capability of the quinolinum nucleus with the fluoride or cyanide ion binding boronic acid moiety, to afford a range of water-soluble probes sensitive to fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide and cyanide anions. These new probes offer the most attractive capability of sensing all important halides at physiological concentrations, coupled with a cyanide response at the lethal threshold level of about ≉ 20-30 μM. Some of the probes such as the BAQBAs show spectral shifts and intensity changes in the presence of fluoride and cyanide in a wavelength-ratiometric and colorimetric manner, enabling the detection of these anion concentrations at visible wavelengths. Although the sensing mechanism is different for fluoride and cyanide as compared to the other halides (chloride, bromide and iodide), the results reveal that these probes are in fact potential candidates towards the sensing of the all the halides and cyanide. Also we have constructed the corresponding control compounds that have no boronic acid moiety and are therefore insensitive to fluoride and cyanide but are mildly sensitive to chloride, bromide and iodide, similar to that of the boronic acid probes.
Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying into a b quark and a W boson in proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV (2017)

A search is presented for a heavy vector-like quark, decaying into a b quark and a W boson, which is produced singly in association with a light flavor quark and a b quark. The analysis is performed using a data sample of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV collected at the LHC in 2015. The data set used in the analysis corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb -1 . The search is carried out using events containing one electron or muon, at least one b-tagged jet with large transverse momentum, at least one jet in the forward region of the detector, and missing transverse momentum. No excess over the standard model prediction is observed. Upper limits are placed on the production cross section of heavy exotic quarks: a T quark with a charge of 2/3, and a Y quark with a charge of -4/3. For Y quarks with coupling of 0.5 and B(Y bW) = 100%, the observed (expected) lower mass limits are 1.40 (1.0) TeV. This is the most stringent limit to date on the single production of the Y vector-like quark.
Quality control of next‐generation sequencing library through an integrative digital microfluidic platform (2012)

We have developed an automated quality control (QC) platform for next-generation sequencing (NGS) library characterization by integrating a droplet-based digital microfluidic (DMF) system with a capillary-based reagent delivery unit and a quantitative CE module. Using an in-plane capillary-DMF interface, a prepared sample droplet was actuated into position between the ground electrode and the inlet of the separation capillary to complete the circuit for an electrokinetic injection. Using a DNA ladder as an internal standard, the CE module with a compact LIF detector was capable of detecting dsDNA in the range of 5-100 pg/μL, suitable for the amount of DNA required by the Illumina Genome Analyzer sequencing platform. This DMF-CE platform consumes tenfold less sample volume than the current Agilent BioAnalyzer QC technique, preserving precious sample while providing necessary sensitivity and accuracy for optimal sequencing performance. The ability of this microfluidic system to validate NGS library preparation was demonstrated by examining the effects of limited-cycle PCR amplification on the size distribution and the yield of Illumina-compatible libraries, demonstrating that as few as ten cycles of PCR bias the size distribution of the library toward undesirable larger fragments.
Miniature thin-film NiTi hydraulic actuator with MEMS microvalves (2005)

The implementation of smaller, lighter, and more agile military systems requires new actuation technologies that offer high power density in compact form factors. The Compact Hybrid Actuator Program (CHAP) is pursuing active material based, rectifying actuators to create new actuation solutions for these demanding applications. Our actuator approach is based on thin film NiTi membranes operating in parallel (high intrinsic power density, >125 kW/kg) combined with liquid rectification, MEMS passive check valves, and commercially available power electronics. Previous results demonstrated 8 micron thick membrane actuation with 150 Hz forced convection response and force output of 100N. This paper focuses on two developments critical in scaling up previous single membrane results to power levels sufficient for military applications. This first is the development of SOI MEMS fabricated microvalve arrays which exhibit high flow rate at high frequencies. The second focus area is the design, fabrication, and assembly of a form factor compact actuator. The initial prototype demonstration of this concept shows great promise for thin film NiTi based actuation both in military technologies and in other areas which demand extremely compact actuation such as embedded fluid delivery for biomedical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Tetrodotoxin from D‐Glucose: A New Route to Multi‐Functionalized Cyclitol Employing the Ferrier(II) Reaction Toward (‐)‐Tetrodotoxin. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sugar‐Modified Conjugated Diene Analogues of Adenosine and Uridine: Synthesis, Interaction with S‐Adenosyl‐L‐homocysteine Hydrolase, and Antiviral and Cytostatic Effects. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Characterization of Siglec-5, a Novel Glycoprotein Expressed on Myeloid Cells Related to CD33 (1998)

We describe the characterization of siglec-5 (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin-5), a novel transmembrane member of the immunoglobulin superfamily, highly related to the myeloid antigen, CD33. A full-length cDNA encoding siglec-5 was isolated from a human activated monocyte cDNA library. Sequencing predicted that siglec-5 contains four extracellular immunoglobulin-like domains, the N-terminal two of which are 57% identical to the corresponding region of CD33. The cytoplasmic tail is also related to that of CD33, containing two tyrosine residues embodied in immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-like motifs. The siglec-5 gene was shown to map to chromosome 19q13.41-43, closely linked to the CD33 gene. When siglec-5 was expressed on COS cells or as a recombinant protein fused to the Fc region of human IgG1, it was able to mediate sialic acid–dependent binding to human erythrocytes and soluble glycoconjugates, suggesting that it may be involved in cell-cell interactions. By using specific antibodies, siglec-5 was found to have an expression pattern distinct from that of CD33, being present at relatively high levels on neutrophils but absent from leukemic cell lines representing early stages of myelomonocytic differentiation. Western blot analysis of neutrophil lysates indicated that siglec-5 exists as a disulfide-linked dimer of approximately 140 kD. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Sliding multislice (SMS): A new technique for minimum FOV usage in axial continuously moving‐table acquisitions (2006)

A novel technique for axial continuously moving-table scans is described that minimizes the required extension of the scanner's field of view (FOV) along the direction of table motion (z) by applying a segmented multislice acquisition technique. Any anatomical slice is acquired by applying the same phase-encoding steps at the same spatial positions along the scanner FOV. The full k-space data set of any anatomical slice is collected while the slice moves through the scanner from one scan position to the next. Simultaneous acquisition of multiple slices is realized by shifting the acquisition trajectories of different slices in time. It is demonstrated how the image artifact behavior that relates to varying imaging properties along the distance the table traverses during the acquisition of any given anatomical slice can be optimized simultaneously for all images. Discontinuities between the images along the slice axis are avoided because all z-dependent scan properties are encoded identically for all slices. Flexible spatial acquisition patterns are proposed to enable data oversampling and overlapping slice acquisitions at reduced table speeds. A framework of equations is presented by which matched parameter combinations for sliding multislice acquisitions can be applied to both single- and multiecho sequences. The new technique is validated on phantom and in vivo measurements using a T1-weighted fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence as well as a T2-weighted multi-spin-echo sequence of variable echo train lengths.
Monte Carlo simulation of the field back-scattered from rough surfaces (2012)

A novel approach for the simulation of the field back-scattered from a rough surface is presented. It takes into account polarization and multiple scattering events on the surface, as well as diffraction effects. The validity and usefulness of this simulation is demonstrated in the case of surface topology measurement.
Percolation in the signal to interference ratio graph (2006)

Continuum percolation models in which pairs of points of a two-dimensional Poisson point process are connected if they are within some range of each other have been extensively studied. This paper considers a variation in which a connection between two points depends not only on their Euclidean distance, but also on the positions of all other points of the point process. This model has been recently proposed to model interference in radio communications networks. Our main result shows that, despite the infinite-range dependencies, percolation occurs in the model when the density λ of the Poisson point process is greater than the critical density value λ c of the independent model, provided that interference from other nodes can be sufficiently reduced (without vanishing).
Prediction of rotor position at standstill and rotating shaft conditions in switched reluctance machines (2006)

Development of a reliable, smooth, and precise position sensorless startup routine is an integral part of the switched reluctance machine (SRM) control. The proposed sensorless startup method presented in this paper presents high grade performance and does not require additional hardware or memory. Further, the proposed sensorless technique is extended to rotating shaft conditions. These capabilities are highly demanded by automotive applications such as starter/alternator and electric power steering systems. An assessment of the impact of motor parameters and diagnostic signal measurement on the quality of the sensorless startup method is also included. This will help practicing engineers to make judicious selections for implementation of the proposed technique. Experimental and theoretical results are included to validate our claims.
Induction of increase in the heterocyst frequency ofAnabaenasp. strain ATCC33047. Effect on ammonium photoproduction (1986)

Several approaches have been followed to increase the nitrogenase level in filaments of Anabaena ATCC33047. In a nitrogen-free medium lacking added molybdate and supplemented with 10 mM tungstate, growth was impaired as a result of decreased nitrogenase activity level. Under these conditions, the filaments exhibited nitrogen starvation symptoms and a high heterocyst frequency, with heterocysts being up to 28% of the total number of cells in the filaments, while a regular pattern of heterocyst distribution was maintained. Normal nitrogenase level and nitrogen status were recovered upon molybdate addition, with resumption of growth and decrease of the heterocyst frequency with time until reaching a value of about 10%. The yield of ammonium photoproduction from N2 by filaments displaying different heterocyst frequencies and treated with l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine (MSX) was determined. Maximal rates were obtained with filaments containing 16% of the cells differentiated as heterocysts. Results indicate that appropriate manipulation of the heterocyst frequency leads to an improvement in the efficiency of conversion of light energy into chemical energy through photoreduction of N2 to ammonium.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Combinatorial Methods in Catalysis. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.