gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding charge transport in lead iodide perovskite thin-film field-effect transistors (2017)

Fundamental understanding of the charge transport physics of hybrid lead halide perovskite semiconductors is important for advancing their use in high-performance optoelectronics. We use field-effect transistors (FETs) to probe the charge transport mechanism in thin films of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI<sub>3</sub>). We show that through optimization of thin-film microstructure and source-drain contact modifications, it is possible to significantly minimize instability and hysteresis in FET characteristics and demonstrate an electron field-effect mobility (μ<sub>FET</sub>) of 0.5 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs at room temperature. Temperature-dependent transport studies revealed a negative coefficient of mobility with three different temperature regimes. On the basis of electrical and spectroscopic studies, we attribute the three different regimes to transport limited by ion migration due to point defects associated with grain boundaries, polarization disorder of the MA<sup>+</sup> cations, and thermal vibrations of the lead halide inorganic cages.
Capacity Approaching Low Density Spreading in Uplink NOMA via Asymptotic Analysis (2020)

Low-density spreading non-orthogonal multiple-access (LDS-NOMA) is considered where K single-antenna user-equipments (UEs) communicate with a base-station (BS) over F fading sub-carriers. Each UE k spreads its data symbols over d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> <; <; F sub-carriers. The performance of LDS-NOMA system depends on the allocation of the non-zero elements in the LDS-codes. We aim to identify the LDS resource allocations, based solely on pathlosses, that maximize the ergodic mutual information (EMI). This problem can be solved only via an exhaustive search. Thus, relying on analysis in the regime where F, K, and d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> ,∀k converge to +∞ at the same rate, we present EMI as a deterministic equivalent plus a residual term. The deterministic equivalent is a function of pathloss values and LDS-codes, and the small residual term scales as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</i> (1 / min(d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> )). First, we formulate an optimization problem to identify the resource allocations that maximize the deterministic equivalent of EMI. The Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions give a simple resource allocation rule that facilitates the construction of desired LDS-codes via an efficient partitioning algorithm. The finite-regime analysis shows that such sparse solutions additionally harness the small incremental gain inherent in the residual term, and thus, provides a near-optimal performance. The spectral efficiency enhancement relative to regular and random spreading is validated numerically.
Color reproducibility of skin lesions in multispectral video: Experimental evaluation (2006)

The color reproduction accuracy of a multispectral video system was visually evaluated by expert dermatologists to investigate the feasibility of the system in telemedicine applications. The erythema produced by a skin prick test was used as a substitution of real skin lesion, and the dermatologists performed a color matching experiment, in which the color chips were compared with the reproduced images and the real skins. As a result, the mutisperctral video system, consisting of 6-band HDTV camera, 6-primary display and spectrum-based color reproduction, decreased the perceptual color difference between the reproduced image and the real object, as compared with a conventional 3-band HDTV system. It was also shown that the oversights of skin lesions could be reduced in 6-band video reproduction. Through the experiments including multispectral video transmission between the remote hospitals in addition to above skin color matching, dermatologists rated that the natural color reproduction realized by multispectral video is almost satisfactory for the diagnosis of skin disorders.
LiFi Positioning for Industry 4.0 (2021)

Precise position information is considered as the main enabler for the implementation of smart manufacturing systems in Industry 4.0. In this article, a time-of-flight based indoor positioning system for LiFi is presented based on the ITU - T recommendation G.9991. Our objective is to realize positioning by reusing already existing functions of the LiFi communication protocol which has been adopted by several vendors. Our positioning algorithm is based on a coarse timing measurement using the frame synchronization preamble, similar to the ranging, and a fine timing measurement using the channel estimation preamble. This approach works in various environments and it requires neither knowledge about the beam characteristics of transmitters and receivers nor the use of fingerprinting. The new algorithm is validated through both, simulations and experiments. Results in an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{1}\;{\rm{m}} \times \text{1}\;{\rm{m}} \times \text{2}\;{\rm{m}}$</tex-math></inline-formula> area indicate that G.9991-based positioning can reach an average distance error of a few centimeters in three dimension. Considering the common use of lighting in indoor environments and the availability of a mature optical wireless communication system using G.9991, the proposed LiFi positioning is a promising new feature that can be added to the existing protocols and enhance the capabilities of smart lighting systems further for the benefit of Industry 4.0.
Epidemiology of Objectively Measured Bedtime and Chronotype in the US adolescents and adults: NHANES 2003-2006 (2017)

Background: We propose a method for estimating the timing of in-bed intervals using objective data in a large representative U.S. sample, and quantify the association between these intervals and age, sex, and day of the week. Methods: The study included 11,951 participants six years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006, who wore accelerometers to measure physical activity for seven consecutive days. Participants were instructed to remove the device just before the nighttime sleep period and put it back on immediately after. This nighttime period of non-wear was defined in this paper as the objective bedtime (OBT), an objectively estimated record of the in-bed-interval. For each night of the week, we estimated two measures: the duration of the OBT (OBT-D) and, as a measure of the chronotype, the midpoint of the OBT (OBT-M). We estimated day-of-the-week-specific OBT-D and OBT-M using gender-specific population percentile curves. Differences in OBT-M (chronotype) and OBT-D (the amount of time spent in bed) by age and sex were estimated using regression models. Results: The estimates of OBT-M and their differences among age groups were consistent with the estimates of chronotype obtained via self-report in European populations. The average OBT-M varied significantly by age, while OBT-D was less variable with age. The most pronounced differences were observed between OBT-M of weekday and weekend nights. Conclusions: The proposed measures, OBT-D and OBT-M, provide useful information of time in bed and chronotype in NHANES 2003-2006. They identify within-week patterns of bedtime and can be used to study associations between the bedtime and the large number of health outcomes collected in NHANES 2003-2006.
Familiarity of general practitioners with Q fever decreases hospitalisation risk. (2018)

Our findings suggest that increased GP experience was associated with a reduction in hospitalisations. This supports the public health initiatives to disseminate epidemiological updates and information regarding diagnostic and therapeutic options for Q fever to GPs to reduce Q fever related hospitalisation.
Stable synthetic bacteriochlorins overcome the resistance of melanoma to photodynamic therapy (2010)

Cutaneous malignant melanoma remains a therapeutic challenge, and patients with advanced disease have limited survival. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been successfully used to treat many malignancies, and it may show promise as an antimelanoma modality. However, high melanin levels in melanomas can adversely affect PDT effectiveness. Herein the extent of melanin contribution to melanoma resistance to PDT was investigated in a set of melanoma cell lines that markedly differ in the levels of pigmentation; 3 new bacteriochlorins successfully overcame the resistance. Cell killing studies determined that bacteriochlorins are superior at (LD(50) approximately 0.1 microM) when compared with controls such as the FDA-approved Photofrin (LD(50) approximately 10 microM) and clinically tested LuTex (LD(50) approximately 1 microM). The melanin content affects PDT effectiveness, but the degree of reduction is significantly lower for bacteriochlorins than for Photofrin. Microscopy reveals that the least effective bacteriochlorin localizes predominantly in lysosomes, while the most effective one preferentially accumulates in mitochondria. Interestingly all bacteriochlorins accumulate in melanosomes, and subsequent illumination leads to melanosomal damage shown by electron microscopy. Fluorescent probes show that the most effective bacteriochlorin produces significantly higher levels of hydroxyl radicals, and this is consistent with the redox properties suggested by molecular-orbital calculations. The best in vitro performing bacteriochlorin was tested in vivo in a mouse melanoma model using spectrally resolved fluorescence imaging and provided significant survival advantage with 20% of cures (P<0.01).
The ETS transcription factor ELF1 regulates a broadly antiviral program distinct from the type I interferon response (2019)

Induction of vast transcriptional programs is a central event of innate host responses to viral infections. Here we report a transcriptional program with potent antiviral activity, driven by E74-like ETS transcription factor 1 (ELF1). Using microscopy to quantify viral infection over time, we found that ELF1 inhibits eight diverse RNA and DNA viruses after multi-cycle replication. Elf1 deficiency results in enhanced susceptibility to influenza A virus infections in mice. ELF1 does not feed-forward to induce interferons, and ELF1's antiviral effect is not abolished by the absence of STAT1 or by inhibition of JAK phosphorylation. Accordingly, comparative expression analyses by RNA-seq revealed that the ELF1 transcriptional program is distinct from interferon signatures. Thus, ELF1 provides an additional layer of the innate host response, independent from the action of type I interferons.
Applications of structural nanomaterials (2007)

The very early application of nanomaterials is utilized in systems where nanopowders are used in their free form, without consolidation or blending. For a simple example, nanoscale titanium dioxide and zinc oxide powders are now commonly used by cosmetics manufacturers for facial base creams and sunscreen lotions for UV protection. Nanoscale iron oxide powder is now being used as a base material for rouge and lipstick. Paints with reflective properties are also being manufactured using nanoscale titanium dioxide particles. Figure 7.1 lists some of the common current and future applications of nanomaterials. The list is not complete, however; it is a current summary and the view of the present authors.
Appendices on QoE model and DASH manifest in "Quality of Experience-based Routing of Video Traffic for Overlay and ISP Networks" (2018)

This report provides the details about (i) the QoE-QoS model and (ii) the DASH representations used in the simulations performed in [2]. The report details the calculations required to find a concave Quality of Experience (QoE) curve from Quality of Service (QoS) metrics by using the reference model of ITU-T Rec. P.1202.2 [3], [6], the calibration and linearization of such QoE curve; and, the Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) representations used in the paper simulations.
Supplemental Table 3 from An Integrated Molecular Analysis of Lung Adenocarcinomas Identifies Potential Therapeutic Targets among TTF1-Negative Tumors, Including DNA Repair Proteins and Nrf2 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 3. Protein expression correlated to TTF1 expression in PROSPECT.&lt;/p&gt;
Degradation of organophosphorus wastes. Part II. Degradation of O,O-dimethyl phosphorodithioate by Thiobacillus thioparus TK-1 and pseudomonas AK-2. (1982)

O, O-Dimethyl phosphorodithioate (DMDTP) is an initial breakdown product of organophosphorus pesticides in fields. DMDTP is also released to natural environments by pesticide manufacturers. DMDTP-degrading microorganisms were not known. We isolated two bacteria from activated sludge. One of them, strain TK-1 identified as Thiobacillus thioparus, utilized DMDTP as a sole energy source and produced dimethyl phosphate (DMP) and sulfate. The other, strain AK-2 identified as Pseudomonas sp., utilized DMP as a sole energy and carbon source and degraded DMP to inorganic orthophosphate (Pi). DMDTP was degraded to Pi by the coaction of the two bacteria.
Monoamine Oxidase A–Mediated Enhanced Catabolism of Norepinephrine Contributes to Adverse Remodeling and Pump Failure in Hearts With Pressure Overload (2009)

In addition to adrenergic receptor-dependent mechanisms, enhanced MAO-A activity coupled with increased intramyocardial norepinephrine availability results in augmented reactive oxygen species generation, contributing to maladaptive remodeling and left ventricular dysfunction in hearts subjected to chronic stress.
Vaccine serologic responses among transplant patients associate with COVID-19 infection and T peripheral helper cells (2021)

Immunosuppressed patients have defective vaccine responses but can be induced to generate neutralizing antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Strong correlations of vaccine responsiveness with baseline T <sub>PH</sub> and CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cell numbers highlights a role for T helper activity in B cell differentiation into antibody secreting cells during vaccine response.
1P-125 Conformational changes of the β subunits in F_1-ATPase revealed by single molecule FRET measurement(Molecular motor, The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2009)

1), Yusuke Og
Phenotypic defects in Gammarus fossarum exposed to fenoxycarb as embryo (2017)

International audience
Antibodies Produced in Response toCryptococcus neoformansPulmonary Infection in Mice Have Characteristics of Nonprotective Antibodies (2004)

Murine cryptocococcal pulmonary infection elicited serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG to the capsular polysaccharide, but only IgG stained yeast cells in alveoli. Both isotypes produced punctuate immunofluorescence patterns on yeast cells like those of nonprotective antibodies. The difficulties involved in associating humoral immunity with protection in murine cryptocococcal infection could reflect nonprotective antibody responses.
Saturation mutagenesis of 2,4‐DNT dioxygenase of Burkholderia sp. strain DNT for enhanced dinitrotoluene degradation (2005)

2,4-Dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) and 2,6-DNT are priority pollutants, and 2,4-DNT dioxygenase of Burkholderia sp. strain DNT (DDO) catalyzes the initial oxidation of 2,4-DNT to form 4-methyl-5-nitrocatechol and nitrite but has significantly less activity on other dinitrotoluenes and nitrotoluenes (NT). Hence, oxidation of 2,3-DNT, 2,4-DNT, 2,5-DNT, 2,6-DNT, 2NT, and 4NT were enhanced here by performing saturation mutagenesis on codon I204 of the alpha subunit (DntAc) of DDO and by using a membrane agar plate assay to detect catechol formation. Rates of degradation were quantified both by the formation of nitrite and by the formation of the intermediates with high performance liquid chromatography. The degradation of both 2,3-DNT and 2,5-DNT were achieved for the first time (no detectable activity with the wild-type enzyme) using whole Escherichia coli TG1 cells expressing DDO variants DntAc I204L and I204Y (0.70 +/- 0.03 and 0.22 +/- 0.02 nmol/min/mg protein for 2,5-DNT transformation, respectively). DDO DntAc variant I204L also transformed both 2,6-DNT and 2,4-DNT 2-fold faster than wild-type DDO (0.8 +/- 0.6 nmol/min/mg protein and 4.7 +/- 0.5 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively). Moreover, the activities of DDO for 2NT and 4NT were also enhanced 3.5-fold and 8-fold, respectively. Further, DntAc variant I204Y was also discovered with comparable rate enhancements for the substrates 2,4-DNT, 2,6-DNT, and 2NT but not 4NT. Sequencing information obtained during this study indicated that the 2,4-DNT dioxygenases of Burkholderia sp. strain DNT and B. cepacia R34 are more closely related than originally reported. This is the first report of engineering an enzyme for enhanced degradation of nitroaromatic compounds and the first report of degrading 2,5-DNT.
Oxygen Recombination Probability Data for Plasma-Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition of SiO2 and TiO2 (2021)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) can provide nanometer-thin films with excellent conformality on demanding three-dimensional (3D) substrates. This also holds for plasma-assisted ALD, provided that the loss of reactive radicals through surface recombination is sufficiently low. In this work, we determine the surface recombination probability <i>r</i> of oxygen radicals during plasma ALD of SiO<sub>2</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> for substrate temperatures from 100 to ∼240 °C and plasma pressures from 12 to 130 mTorr (for SiO<sub>2</sub>). For both processes, the determined values of <i>r</i> are very low, i.e., ∼10<sup>-4</sup> or lower, and decrease with temperature and pressure down to ∼10<sup>-5</sup> within the studied ranges. Accordingly, deposition on trench structures with aspect ratios (ARs) of <200 is typically not significantly limited by recombination and obtaining excellent film conformality is relatively facile. For higher AR values, e.g., approaching 1000, the plasma time needed to reach saturation increases exponentially and becomes increasingly dependent on the process conditions and the corresponding value of <i>r</i>. Similar dependence on process conditions can be present for plasma ALD of other materials as well, where, in certain cases, film growth is already recombination-limited for AR values of ∼10. Radical recombination data and trends as provided by this work are valuable for optimizing plasma ALD throughput and feasibility for high-AR applications and can also serve as input for modeling of radical recombination mechanisms.
On the Integration of Dielectrometry into Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy to Obtain Characteristic Properties of a Dielectric Thin Film (2021)

Abstract We demonstrate a novel impedimetric approach providing unprecedented insight into characteristic properties of dielectric thin films covering electrode surfaces. The concept is based on the joint interpretation of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) together with dielectrometry (DEM) whose informative value is mutually interconnected. The advantage lies in the synergistic compensation of individual shortcomings adversely affecting conventional impedimetric analysis strategies relying exclusively on either DEM or the traditional EIS approach, which in turn allows a reliable determination of thickness and permittivity values. The versatility of the method proposed is showcased by an in‐situ growth‐monitoring of a nanoporous, crystalline thin film (HKUST‐1) on an interdigitated electrode geometry.
Laser based cleaning and in-situ verification of bio-loading for planetary protection (Conference Presentation) (2022)

Planetary protection requirements help protect other planets and moons from Earth’s biological matter, but restrictions on spacecraft design, compatibility with heat and chemical treatments, and the need for lengthy verification protocols drive cost and schedule. In this work we present an alternative methodology both for detecting surface microbes and for sterilizing them using a low power, pulsed UV laser-based scanning technique that can generate spectral maps of a surface. At sufficient powers, cells can also be eradicated, thus providing both detection and sterilization capabilities. We show how this tool can be practically applied to spacecraft materials to transform current practices.
A vector quantization approach to universal noiseless coding and quantization (1996)

A two-stage code is a block code in which each block of data is coded in two stages: the first stage codes the identity of a block code among a collection of codes, and the second stage codes the data using the identified code. The collection of codes may be noiseless codes, fixed-rate quantizers, or variable-rate quantizers. We take a vector quantization approach to two-stage coding, in which the first stage code can be regarded as a vector quantizer that "quantizes" the input data of length n to one of a fixed collection of block codes. We apply the generalized Lloyd algorithm to the first-stage quantizer, using induced measures of rate and distortion, to design locally optimal two-stage codes. On a source of medical images, two-stage variable-rate vector quantizers designed in this way outperform standard (one-stage) fixed-rate vector quantizers by over 9 dB. The tail of the operational distortion-rate function of the first-stage quantizer determines the optimal rate of convergence of the redundancy of a universal sequence of two-stage codes. We show that there exist two-stage universal noiseless codes, fixed-rate quantizers, and variable-rate quantizers whose per-letter rate and distortion redundancies converge to zero as (k/2)n/sup -1/ log n, when the universe of sources has finite dimension k. This extends the achievability part of Rissanen's theorem from universal noiseless codes to universal quantizers. Further, we show that the redundancies converge as O(n/sup -1/) when the universe of sources is countable, and as O(n/sup -1+/spl epsiv//) when the universe of sources is infinite-dimensional, under appropriate conditions.
Determination of Lean Burn Combustion Temperature Using Ultraviolet Emission (2008)

Measurements of the ultraviolet emission spectrum emitted from a lean burn premixed natural gas flame were taken over a range of flame temperatures using a fiber-optic/CCD spectrometer. Combustion temperatures were determined by two methods: by measuring the unburned oxygen in the exhaust and by calculating the temperature using the fuel and airflows. These temperatures were correlated to ratios composed of the integrated intensity of the long wavelength region of the OH band between 310 to 340 nm (ratio's numerator) and that between 305 and 310 nm (ratio's denominator). Average local combustor flame temperatures at the end of the combustion zone may then be determined by tracking these ratios during combustor operation. The sensitivity of these ratios yields a 0.8% change in the ratios every 20 degF with a precision of plusmn30 degF or plusmn1% at 3000 degF with 95 % confidence bounds demonstrating the feasibility of this technique for use as a potential control parameter for gas turbine combustors burning natural gas and air mixtures. This method is well suited for the low equivalence ratios (< 1) required to reduce NOx and CO emissions. Other methods using peak ratios of different emission bands exhibit nonlinearity, lower sensitivity and greater uncertainty.