gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
General-purpose, long-context autoregressive modeling with Perceiver AR (2022)

Real-world data is high-dimensional: a book, image, or musical performance can easily contain hundreds of thousands of elements even after compression. However, the most commonly used autoregressive models, Transformers, are prohibitively expensive to scale to the number of inputs and layers needed to capture this long-range structure. We develop Perceiver AR, an autoregressive, modality-agnostic architecture which uses cross-attention to map long-range inputs to a small number of latents while also maintaining end-to-end causal masking. Perceiver AR can directly attend to over a hundred thousand tokens, enabling practical long-context density estimation without the need for hand-crafted sparsity patterns or memory mechanisms. When trained on images or music, Perceiver AR generates outputs with clear long-term coherence and structure. Our architecture also obtains state-of-the-art likelihood on long-sequence benchmarks, including 64 x 64 ImageNet images and PG-19 books.
Aerosol route to TiO2–SiO2 catalysts with tailored pore architecture and high epoxidation activity (2019)

We present the aerosol-assisted sol-gel preparation of hierarchically porous TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; catalysts having a sphere-like shell morphology and a high Ti dispersion. In order to control the porosity at the micro-, meso- and macro- levels, we use the evaporation-induced self assembly (EISA) of a surfactant, possibly combined with polymer beads as hard templates. These catalysts are tested for the epoxidation of cyclohexene with cumene hydroperoxide as oxidant, and their performance is compared to the reference TS-1 zeolite. The high catalytic performance observed with the catalysts prepared by aerosol stems from their high specific surface area, but also from the short diffusion path length generated by the meso-/macro-pore architecture which provide entryways for bulky reactants and products.
An Integrated Gravimetric FBAR Circuit for Operation in Liquids Using a Flip-Chip Extended 0.13&#x003BC;m CMOS Technology (2007)

A 0.13μm CMOS chip is fabricated with eight resonator-amplifiers to demonstrate a highly integrated gravimetric sensor based on an FBAR oscillator. The oscillator is attached via flip-chip bonding to a CMOS resonator. Each active 1.86GHz oscillator draws 27mA from a single 17V supply for 200×200μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sensors. The resonance frequency shifts by 5MHz in ethanol and 7.3MHz in water and jitter is <3kHz
Excited state absorption and femtosecond lifetime dynamics in a new series of near IR dyes (2008)

Large excited-state-absorption (ESA) spectra and lifetime dynamics for a new series of NIR cyanine-like dyes are compared to similar visible dyes. Strongly red-shifted (200-300 nm) and increased ESA are observed and explained through quantum-chemical calculations. © 2008 Optical Society of America.
Self-supervised capturing of users' activities from weblogs (2012)

The goal of this paper is to describe a method to automatically extract all basic attributes namely actor, action, object, time and location which belong to an activity from Japanese weblogs. Sentences retrieved from weblogs are often diversified, complex, syntactically wrong, have emoticons and new words. There are some works that have tried to extract users’ activities in sentences retrieved from web and weblogs. However, these works have several limitations, such as inability of extracting infrequent activities, high setup cost, limitation on the types of sentences that can be handled, necessary of preparing a list of object and action. To resolve these problems, we propose a novel approach that treats the activity extraction as a sequence labelling problem, and automatically makes its own training data. This approach can extract infrequent activities, and has advantages such as scalability, and unnecessary any hand-tagged data. Since it does not require to fix the positions and the number of the attributes in activity sentences, this approach can extract all attributes, with high recall.
Membrane-Bound and Soluble Alpha IL-5 Receptor mRNA in the Bronchial Mucosa of Atopic and Nonatopic Asthmatics (1997)

Eosinophilic inflammation and interleukin-5 (IL-5) expression are characteristic features of the bronchial mucosa in asthma. We have investigated the differential expression of membrane and soluble isoforms of alpha IL-5 receptor (alpha IL-5Rm and alpha IL-5Rs) mRNA in asthmatics and in normal control subjects and examined the correlation between alpha IL-5Rm and alpha IL-5Rs expression and the FEV1 and airway hyperresponsiveness. Nineteen subjects with stable asthma (atopic = 9; intrinsic = 10) and 22 control subjects (atopic = 12; nonatopic = 10) were recruited. Endobronchial biopsies were obtained and processed for in situ hybridization and double-staining techniques. There was a significant increase in the number of cells per millimeter basement membrane expressing mRNA for total, membrane-bound, and soluble alpha IL-5R in asthmatics when compared with that in nonasthmatic control subjects (p < 0.001); 93% of the cells positive for alpha IL-5R mRNA were EG2+ve eosinophils. There was no significant difference in the expression of alpha IL-5Rm and alpha IL-5Rs between the atopic and nonatopic asthmatics. The expression of alpha IL-5Rm and alpha IL-5Rs was also nonsignificantly different between the atopic and nonatopic control subjects. However, in the asthmatic subjects, the number of positive cells expressing mRNA for alpha IL-5Rm inversely correlated with FEV1(r2 = 0.89, p < 0.001), whereas the expression of alpha IL-5Rs mRNA directly correlated with FEV1 (r2 = 0.52, p < 0.001). There were no significant correlations between alpha IL-5R isoforms and the methacholine PC20. These results suggest that alpha IL-5R upregulation and differential regulation of alternatively spliced alpha IL-5R mRNA transcripts may influence the eosinophil response and the accompanying changes in airflow limitation in both atopic and nonatopic variants of chronic asthma.
Atmospheric quantum key distribution in daylight: ground-based experiments and prospects for satellite communications (2001)

In quantum key distribution (QKD) single-photon transmissions generate the shared, secret random number sequences, known as cryptographic keys that are used to encrypt and decrypt secret communications. Because the security of QKD is based on principles of quantum physics an adversary can neither successfully tap the key transmissions, nor evade detection (eavesdropping raises the key error rate above a threshold value). We have developed an experimental QKD system that uses the four-state BB84 protocol with non-orthogonal photon polarization states and lowest-order adaptive optics to generate shared key material over multi-kilometer atmospheric, line-of-sight paths. I will present results of a daylight demonstration of this system. Key material is built up using the transmission of a photon-pulse per bit of an initial secret random sequence. I will describe the design and operation of the system, present an analysis of the system's security, efficiency, error rate, and secret key rate, as well as cryptographic testing of the key bits produced. I will describe the prospects for longer-distance applications of free-space QKD, particularly for satellite communications.
Trajectory tracking of a class of underactuated systems with external disturbances (2013)

This paper considers trajectory tracking of vehicles modeled as underactuated rigid bodies. The goal is to obtain a simple and intuitive convergent controller that avoids issues with tuning gains or using coordinates associated with singularities. The main novelty lies in the derivation of a generally applicable control law that handles external disturbances.
Development and Performance Test Results of 50kA Vapor-cooled Current Lead for ITER. (1998)

JAERI has developed 50kA current leads for the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The Center Solenoid (CS) Model Coil program is under way by means of international collaboration in ITER-EDA. The CS model coil is being developed for ITER CS coil and is for demonstration for ITER construction. The performance test of the CS model coil will be carried out at the JAERI ITER common test facility (CTF). The current lead consists of the vertical lead and the connection lead. The vertical lead is a vapor-cooled type and has a cable-in-conduit geometry. The vertical lead was designed with a heat leak of 1.2W/kA at a helium flow rate of 0.06g/(s·kA). The measured heat leak satisfied the designed value. The connection lead was made from copper pipe soldered with NbTi supreconducting wires. The pipe was stabilized by the supreconducting wires and a cooling channel. The current lead was operated up to 60kA. The design and the performance test results of 50kA current leads are reported. The results meet the specifications for the CS model coil test and for the ITER real machine.
Mechanisms and Application of a Rapid Solid State Reaction at Fine Particle Interfaces with Atoms is Low-coordination States. (2000)

Theoretical background of bridging bond formation of dissimilar metal atoms mediated by an oxygen atom is given for the system Ca(OH)2-SiO2. Physicochemical significance of low coordination state is emphasized in conjunction with higher reaction probability. A solid state addition reaction at room temperature is shown to be well possible when mechanical stress is applied to promote materials transfer via a mechanical diffusion. Application of such a soft-mechanochemical process is given for complex perovskite oxides. Associated ligand field distortion is also used for solid state synthesis of Fe (II) octahedral comlexes, e.g., Fe (II) (phen)2Cl2, where phen denotes 1, 10-phenanthroline.
Effects of Hesel-coil deep transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression – a systematic review (2016)

The existing scientific support for H-coil dTMS therapy for depression is insufficient. The clinical implication is that the use of dTMS in depression should be restricted to the framework of clinical trials pending further studies. Fortunately, additional studies are underway and the evidence base should presumably improve over the next several years.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploratory Photochemistry of Iodinated Aromatic Azides. (1989)

Abstract The aryl azides (I) are irradiated in 2‐methyltetrahydrofuran to yield the anilines (II) and the azo compound (IIIa).
Efficacy and safety of single‐triple capsules of bismuth biskalcitrate, metronidazole and tetracycline, given with omeprazole, for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori: an international multicentre study (2003)

This omeprazole-bismuth biskalcitrate-metronidazole-tetracycline 10-day regimen is a very effective and well-tolerated treatment, which overcomes metronidazole resistance.
Signal processing techniques for inverse problems in stochastic propagation and scattering channels (2005)

The basic signal processing techniques associated with inverse problems are signal extraction, deconvolution, signal and signal parameter estimation, channel modeling and characterization. Maximum entropy, minimum cross-entropy, Kullback-Liebler divergence and other information theoretic criteria have been widely used for regularization of underdetermined inversion. We show how maximum entropy and continuous wavelet transforms can be used for spreading function (reflection density function) estimation. If the signal source or receivers are in motion through heterogeneous medium with randomly rough boundaries, propagation and scattering channels are stochastic. Stochastic channels can be characterized by stochastic Greens functions and spreading functions. If the medium probing signals are narrow band, spreading functions are random functions that show how the received signal is spread in delay and Doppler. For wideband probing signals, spreading function spread the received echo in time and time-scale dilation. If the probing signal satisfies admissibility conditions for CWT, wideband spreading functions can be estimated by inverting CWT. Rebollo-Neira and Fernandez-Rubio have shown that the continuous wavelet transform is an optimal solution of the inverse problem, estimation of the spreading function, in a maximum entropy sense. [Work supported by Office of Naval Research Code 333 and Code 321 US.]
Performance of Scroll Expander for CO2 Refrigeration Cycle (2006)

Since trans-critical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycles have a large throttling loss, recovering the throttling loss by an expander is effective for improvement of the cycle performance. There are many types of expander such as turbo, rotary vane, screw and scroll. Among them, the scroll machine is one of the expanders having good performance. In this study, in order to examine feasibility of the scroll expander for the carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle, the performance of the carbon dioxide scroll expander is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Since a leakage in the expander influences its performance greatly and is a trans-critical flow from a supercritical to a twophase region in the expander for the trans-critical carbon dioxide refrigeration cycle, a calculation method of the trans-critical leakage flow rate in the expander is discussed at first in the theoretical study. The calculation results showed that the total efficiency of the scroll expander becomes about 60% when the leakage gap size is 10 μm and the rotational speed is 3600rpm. On the other hand, a prototype of scroll expander was made using a mechanical element of a scroll compressor for a water heater and its performance was measured. The volumetric efficiency of 80 % was obtained and the total efficiency reached about 55 % although the scroll element of the compressor is used without any major modifications.
Efficacy of Dimethylaminoparthenolide and Sulindac in Combination With Gemcitabine in a Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer (2012)

Intervention with DMAPT and sulindac in combination with gemcitabine may delay or prevent progression of premalignant pancreatic lesions in the LSL-Kras(G12D);Pdx-1-Cre mouse model of pancreatic cancer.
Session 2 overview: Technologies for health / technology directions (2011)

Summary form only given. Technology advancement not only enables smaller biosensors, health-care monitoring and communication systems, but also reduces their power dissipation.
Atomistic Mechanism of Stress-Induced Combined Slip and Diffusion in Sub-5 Nanometer-Sized Ag Nanowires (2019)

With continuous minimization of nanodevices, the dimensions of metallic materials used in nanodevices decrease to a few nanometers. Understanding the structural stability and deformation behavior of these small-sized metallic materials is important for their practical applications. Here we report our atomic-resolution observation of the deformation processes of Ag nanowires with widths of ∼3 nm. The nanowires under tension experienced plastic deformation via partial dislocation activities, which led to deformation twinning in and homogeneous elongation of the nanowires, and surface atom diffusion that reduced the nanowires' width but did not contribute to the nanowire elongation. The diffusion of surface atoms was initiated at surface steps introduced by the partial dislocation activities, leading to fracture of the nanowires with relatively low homogeneous elongation.
Topochemical acetylation of cellulose nanopaper structures for biocomposites: mechanisms for reduced water vapour sorption (2014)

Moisture sorption decreases dimensional stability and mechanical properties of polymer matrix biocomposites based on plant fibers. Cellulose nanofiber reinforcement may offer advantages in this respect. Here, wood-based nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) and bacterial cellulose (BC) nanopaper structures, with different specific surface area (SSA), ranging from 0.03 to 173.3 m2/g, were topochemically acetylated and characterized by ATR-FTIR, XRD, solid-state CP/MAS 13C-NMR and moisture sorption studies. Polymer matrix nanocomposites based on NFC were also prepared as demonstrators. The surface degree of substitution (surface-DS) of the acetylated cellulose nanofibers is a key parameter, which increased with increasing SSA. Successful topochemical acetylation was confirmed and significantly reduced the moisture sorption in nanopaper structures, especially at RH = 53 %. BC nanopaper sorbed less moisture than the NFC counterpart, and mechanisms are discussed. Topochemical NFC nanopaper acetylation can be used to prepare moisture-stable nanocellulose biocomposites.
Integrative genomic mining for enzyme function to enable engineering of a non-natural biosynthetic pathway (2015)

The ability to biosynthetically produce chemicals beyond what is commonly found in Nature requires the discovery of novel enzyme function. Here we utilize two approaches to discover enzymes that enable specific production of longer-chain (C5-C8) alcohols from sugar. The first approach combines bioinformatics and molecular modelling to mine sequence databases, resulting in a diverse panel of enzymes capable of catalysing the targeted reaction. The median catalytic efficiency of the computationally selected enzymes is 75-fold greater than a panel of naively selected homologues. This integrative genomic mining approach establishes a unique avenue for enzyme function discovery in the rapidly expanding sequence databases. The second approach uses computational enzyme design to reprogramme specificity. Both approaches result in enzymes with >100-fold increase in specificity for the targeted reaction. When enzymes from either approach are integrated in vivo, longer-chain alcohol production increases over 10-fold and represents >95% of the total alcohol products.
Repetitive model predictive approach to individual pitch control of wind turbines (2011)

A novel model predictive (MPC) approach for individual pitch control of wind turbines is proposed in this paper. A repetitive wind disturbance model is incorporated into the MPC prediction. As a consequence, individual pitch feed-forward control action is generated by the controller, taking “future” wind disturbance into account. Information about the estimated wind spatial distribution one blade experience can be used in the prediction model to better control the next passing blade. A simulation comparison between the proposed controller and an industry-standard PID controller shows better mitigation of drive-train, blade and tower loads.
Review—Emerging Trends in the Development of Electrochemical Devices for the On-Site Detection of Food Contaminants (2022)

Traditional laboratory-based sensing strategies for food contaminant detection are often limited because they are time-consuming and expensive and require trained personnel, which makes them unsuitable for routine sensing. Therefore, the scientific and industrial community is showing enormous interest in the design and development of portable sensing devices for the on-site and point-of-care detection of food contaminants. Portability is one of the chief characteristic features of designing contemporary analytical devices. Portable devices have received tremendous attention, as these novel devices have advanced the field of sensing. Various sensing strategies have been utilized for on-site detection of food contaminants. Among these, portable electrochemical devices have emerged vigorously in the past few years. Scientists and industrialists have worked effortlessly to develop portable electrochemical devices for a minute amount of food contaminant detection in water bodies and food products. The current work aims to demonstrate recent research progress related to the design, development, and improvement of portable electrochemical devices for detection of food contaminants.
F123 Development of micro steam energy generator (2007)

The minor scale steam plant is widely prevalent in the industrial world. However, change of steam flow, a small amount of steam, and low-pressure steam prevent energy saving technology in spreading minor scale steam plants. From such a reason, screw type small steam generator was developed, it was called micro steam energy generator. This machine enables effective use of steam in a minor scale steam plant and promotes the further energy saving and CO2 reduction. The advantage of this machine can control the downstream pressure, equivalent to a reducing valve, and generate the power in the wide range of steam flow. Furthermore, 60% or more of high efficiency was realized in the 100kW class steam turbine. The test result of this machine is shown in this paper.
Methotrexate Restores CD73 Expression on Th1.17 in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriatic Arthritis Patients and May Contribute to Its Anti-Inflammatory Effect through Ado Production (2019)

Our study unveils uncovered mode of action of MTX on Teff subsets modulation and in the adenosine-dependent termination of inflammation in RA and PsA.
CCDC 285329: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2006)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Recent progress on commissioning an optically pumped Cesium beam as primary frequency standard at Brazilian NMI (2014)

This paper describes the progress on commissioning a thermal Cesium beam frequency standard developed at IFSC-USP and transferred to the Brazilian NMI in order to be continuously operated as a primary frequency standard. The system is composed of a short Ramsey cavity for electromagnetic excitation and an optical pumping for atom detection and energy-state selection. The uncertainty budget for the measurement technique is under verification to acquire the same performance achieved earlier during the scientific development of the standard. Some aspects of the standard implantation are discussed here according to the technical and metrological requirements for the system.
Chrysanthemum flower shape modification by suppression of chrysanthemum-AGAMOUS gene (2008)

Creation of new flower shapes is a major breeding target for ornamental plants. The ABC model on the flower structure is known to be applicable to a broad range of plants. Suppression of the C gene would produce a double flower phenotype with loss of floral determinacy. The flower shape of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) was modified by suppressing the chrysanthemum-AGAMOUS (CAG) gene, which might be a C gene, with an antisense transgene. We obtained 103 transgenic plants; however, only a single line (951-2) showed modified flower shape. The pistil of each ray floret in line 951-2 was transformed to several corolla-like tissues (secondary corolla) and a pistil-like tissue. Southern blot analysis showed multiple-copy integration of the transgene into the 951-2 genome. The amount of CAG mRNA was reduced in line 951-2 compared to the wild-type. On the ray florets, the cell shapes of the adaxial surfaces of the corolla seemed to be almost the same between the proper corolla and the secondary corolla. The stigma was poorly developed and plain structured both on the ray and disk florets. We observed abnormally wide filaments in 951-2. The structure of the surface cells of the abnormal filaments transformed to corolla-like cells. In this study, we demonstrate that suppression of the CAG gene converted the stamen and pistil into corolla-like tissues.