gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Urban River Water Purification Experiment by Strengthening Ecological Engineering Methods (2014)

Based on the biological purification technology combined with the engineering measures, the enhanced nitrogen purification biological experiment is implemented in Wenyu River in Beijing. The water in the river mainly is the outflow from the sewage treatment plant, in which the ammonium (NH4-N) has been effectively removed for the deeply nitrification, while treatment of the nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) and total nitrogen (TN) is incomplete due to the denitrification. The water has low C/N value and has poor biodegradability. In this study, aiming at the water feature of low C/N and poor biodegradability, the effective way to strengthen denitrification by some enhanced techniques, such as increasing the microorganisms number and biodegradability (ie, improved nitrogen ratio), changing denitrification rates and so on, has been studied. The experimental results show that under the condition of water flow (Q) as 15 ~ 27L/hr, hydraulic detention time as (HRT) 10 ~ 18h, concentration of nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N) as 12.20 ~ 31.44mg / L, and total nitrogen (TN) as 14.50 ~ 34.71 mg / L, the removal rates of NO3-N and TN are over 30%.
Hepatic FcRn regulates albumin homeostasis and susceptibility to liver injury (2017)

The neonatal crystallizable fragment receptor (FcRn) is responsible for maintaining the long half-life and high levels of the two most abundant circulating proteins, albumin and IgG. In the latter case, the protective mechanism derives from FcRn binding to IgG in the weakly acidic environment contained within endosomes of hematopoietic and parenchymal cells, whereupon IgG is diverted from degradation in lysosomes and is recycled. The cellular location and mechanism by which FcRn protects albumin are partially understood. Here we demonstrate that mice with global or liver-specific FcRn deletion exhibit hypoalbuminemia, albumin loss into the bile, and increased albumin levels in the hepatocyte. In vitro models with polarized cells illustrate that FcRn mediates basal recycling and bidirectional transcytosis of albumin and uniquely determines the physiologic release of newly synthesized albumin into the basal milieu. These properties allow hepatic FcRn to mediate albumin delivery and maintenance in the circulation, but they also enhance sensitivity to the albumin-bound hepatotoxin, acetaminophen (APAP). As such, global or liver-specific deletion of FcRn results in resistance to APAP-induced liver injury through increased albumin loss into the bile and increased intracellular albumin scavenging of reactive oxygen species. Further, protection from injury is achieved by pharmacologic blockade of FcRn-albumin interactions with monoclonal antibodies or peptide mimetics, which cause hypoalbuminemia, biliary loss of albumin, and increased intracellular accumulation of albumin in the hepatocyte. Together, these studies demonstrate that the main function of hepatic FcRn is to direct albumin into the circulation, thereby also increasing hepatocyte sensitivity to toxicity.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Multiphoton Photoemission from Gold and Carrier-Envelope Phase Sensitivity (2005)

Multiphoton-induced photoelectron emission from gold was investigated using ultrashort pulses to assess additional effects influencing its carrier-envelope phase dependence. The third-order interferometric autocorrelation showed short side-wings indicating ultrafast hot electron dynamics reducing the phase contrast.
Crystallization of novel polyglycine hydrolases from two fungal families, Epicoccum sorghi and Fusarium solani (2018)

Polyglycine hydrolases (PGH) are secreted endoproteases that cleave glycine-glycine peptide bonds. Some PGH proteases specifically disrupt ChitA chitinase through recognition of the Nterminal chitin-binding domain. Subsequent cleavage occurs at the linker region between the chitin-binding domain and the chitinase domain. The cleavage activity is dependent on the presence of the SXXF serine motif. Two currently identified PGH proteases are ES-chitinase modifying protein (ES-Cmp) and FS-chitinase modifying protein (FS-Cmp), secreted by Epicoccum sorghi and Fusarium solani respectively. Despite minimal sequence and motif identity between ES-Cmp and FS-Cmp, both proteases share analogous cleavage activity deviating only in specific glycine recognition. Modelling software has been utilized to generate predictive structures for both proteases, based on solved structures in the PDB. Preliminary crystal conditions have been determined and reproduced utilizing the hanging drop vapour diffusion technique. These conditions provide the foundation for structural determination of the proteases. Current work is focused on co-crystallizing the proteases with a synthetic peptide substrate for determining structural differences and similarities between ES-Cmp and FS-Cmp during cleavage activity.
Recent advances in submicron alignment 300 mm copper-copper thermocompressive face-to-face wafer-to-wafer bonding and integrated infrared, high-speed FIB metrology (2010)

We report on recent experimental studies performed as part of a 3D integrated circuit (3DIC) production-worthy process module roadmap check for 300 mm wafer-to-wafer (WtW) copper-to-copper thermocompression bonding and face-to-face (F2F) aligning. Specifically, we demonstrate submicron alignment capabilities (3sigma alignment variability ~ 1 μm) post Cu bonding on topography M1V1-to-M2 Cu wafers with no interfacial voids observed and complete Cu interdiffusion, as supported by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) data. Also, less than 0.1% clustered voids bonding uniformity were observed on bonded blanket Cu wafers. In addition to bonding quality characterization studies involving scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) and confocal infra-red (IR) laser scanning microscopy, we report on the development of a prototype integrated IR, highspeed focused-ion-beam (FIB) technique with CAD overlay capabilities that enable the creation of site specific cross-sections and TEM samples to better observe bonding structures of interest.
Stromal fibroblasts shape the myeloid phenotype in normal colon and colorectal cancer and induce CD163 and CCL2 expression in macrophages (2021)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) accounts for about 10% of cancer deaths worldwide. Colon carcinogenesis is critically influenced by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) represent the major components of the tumor microenvironment. TAMs promote tumor progression, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. However, the impact of the molecular crosstalk of tumor cells (TCs) with CAFs and macrophages on monocyte recruitment and their phenotypic conversion is not known in detail so far. In a 3D human organotypic CRC model, we show that CAFs and normal colonic fibroblasts are critically involved in monocyte recruitment and for the establishment of a macrophage phenotype, characterized by high CD163 expression. This is in line with the steady recruitment and differentiation of monocytes to immunosuppressive macrophages in the normal colon. Cytokine profiling revealed that CAFs produce M-CSF, and IL6, IL8, HGF and CCL2 secretion was specifically induced by CAFs in co-cultures with macrophages. Moreover, macrophage/CAF/TCs co-cultures increased TC invasion. We demonstrate that CAFs and macrophages are the major producers of CCL2 and, upon co-culture, increase their CCL2 production twofold and 40-fold, respectively. CAFs and macrophages expressing high CCL2 were also found in vivo in CRC, strongly supporting our findings. CCL2, CCR2, CSF1R and CD163 expression in macrophages was dependent on active MCSFR signaling as shown by M-CSFR inhibition. These results indicate that colon fibroblasts and not TCs are the major cellular component, recruiting and dictating the fate of infiltrated monocytes towards a specific macrophage population, characterized by high CD163 expression and CCL2 production.
Microcirculation of the intestinal mucosa (1989)

The sections in this article are: 1 Intrinsic Regulation of Blood Flow and Oxygenation 1.1 Basic Concepts 1.2 Vascular Response to Arterial Pressure Alterations 1.3 Vascular Response to Venous Pressure Elevation 1.4 Reactive Hyperemia 1.5 Vascular Response to Alterations in Arterial Blood Gases and Hematocrit 1.6 Postprandial Intestinal Hyperemia 1.6.1 Anticipatory/Ingestion Phase 1.6.2 Digestion/Absorption Phase 1.6.3 Localization of Postprandial Hyperemia 1.6.4 Luminal Stimuli Responsible for Intestinal Hyperemia 1.6.5 Mechanisms of Postprandial Intestinal Hyperemia 2 Influence of Blood Flow on Intestinal Transport 2.1 Washout of Flow-Limited Solutes 2.2 Effects of Oxygen Delivery on Absorption 3 Countercurrent Exchange 3.1 Anatomical Basis 3.2 Theoretical Considerations 3.3 Experimental Evidence 3.3.1 Countercurrent Multiplier 4 Vascular Capacitance 5 Vasoactive Agents and Intestinal Oxygen Uptake 5.1 Relation Between Blood Flow and Oxygen Uptake 5.2 Oxidative Metabolism 5.3 Effective Capillary Density 5.4 Intramural Blood Flow Distribution 6 Angiotensin II and Vasopressin 7 Effects of Experimental Conditions on the Intestinal Circulation 7.1 Anesthesia and Adjuvants 7.2 Respiration and Blood Gases 7.3 Laparotomy and Visceral Manipulation 7.4 Temerature 8 Transcapillary Fluid and Solute Exchange 8.1 Starling Hypothesis 8.2 Rate of Transcapillary Fluid Movement (Lymph Flow) 8.3 Capillary Filtration Coefficient 8.4 Capillary Hydrostatic Pressure 8.5 Interstitial Hydrostatic Pressure 8.6 Osmotic Reflection Coefficient 8.7 Transcapillary Oncotic Pressure Gradient 8.8 Interaction of Capillary and Interstitial Forces 8.8.1 Edema Safety Factors 8.8.2 Venous Pressure Elevation 8.8.3 Arterial Pressure Reduction 8.8.4 Net Fluid Absorption 8.8.5 Net Fluid Secretion 9 Small-Solute and Macromolecule Exchange 9.1 Small Solutes 9.2 Macromolecules 9.3 Factors Influencing Permeability 9.4 Pathways for Macromolecule Exchange 10 Conclusions
Work in progress: [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose and positron emission tomography in the evaluation of radiation necrosis of the brain. (1982)

Five patients who had undergone radiation therapy for cerebral tumors and whose conditions were deteriorating were examined by means of positron emission tomography (PET) with [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose. All five cases had similar clinical and computed tomographic findings. Using the PET technique the two cases of radiation necrosis were distinguished from the three recurrent tumors. In the two cases of radiation necrosis the rate of glucose utilization in the lesion was markedly reduced compared with the normal brain parenchyma. In the recurrent gliomas, however, the glucose metabolic rate was elevated. All five diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy or autopsy.
Measurements of properties of the Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair in pp collisions at s=13TeV (2019)

Measurements of the production of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to a W boson pair are reported. The W$^+$W$^-$ candidates are selected in events with an oppositely charged lepton pair, large missing transverse momentum, and various numbers of jets. To select Higgs bosons produced via vector boson fusion and associated production with a W or Z boson, events with two jets and three or four leptons are also selected. The event sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb$^{-1}$, collected in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV by the CMS detector at the LHC during 2016. Combining all channels, the observed cross section times branching fraction is 1.28$^{+0.18}_{-0.17}$ times the standard model prediction for the Higgs boson with a mass of 125.09 GeV. The probability of observing a signal at least as large as the one seen, under the background-only hypothesis, corresponds to an observed significance of 9.1 standard deviations, to be compared with the expected value of 7.1 standard deviations.
MPTH-19. GLIOMA CHARACTERIZATION USING THE NOVEL BIOMARKER ACID CERAMIDASE (2016)

Acid ceramidase (ASAH1) plays an important role in the production of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a known tumor promotor. While S1P was shown to stimulate invasiveness of glioblastoma (GBM) cells in vitro, the exact role of ASAH1 in glioma biology still needs to be established. To our knowledge, this is the first use of ASAH1 to characterize gliomas by grade and type. All studies were conducted with IRB approval. Tissue specimens of 19 consented adult patients who previously underwent therapeutic brain tumor resection were submitted for ASAH1 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Photomicrographs of stained tissues were graded blindly using the Allred scoring system before scores were matched with the individual pathological diagnoses. Glioma tissues from all specimens stained positive for ASAH1, but to varying degrees. Mean Allred scores were lower (AS=5) in Grade II oligodendrogliomas and mixed oligoastrocytomas vs. pure astrocytomas (AS=7). Similarly, mean Allred scores were lower in conventional GBMs (AS=6) compared to GBMs with oligodendroglial component (mixed GBM, AS=7). While it is possible that ASAH1 is naturally overexpressed in astrocytomas, it is more likely our IHC scores reflect the dense cellularity of these tumors. This is consistent with our previous advanced MR imaging findings where the ADC of pure astrocytomas was significantly lower than that of oligodendrogliomas and mixed tumors, and mixed GBMs had a significantly lower ADC than conventional ones. The high IHC scores (AS=7) seen in recurrent GBM samples are likely due to overexpression of ASAH1 following radiation therapy. Our results support a biological distinction between astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas, and a biological agreement between oligodendrogliomas and oligoastrocytomas, corroborating previous findings that mixed gliomas may not represent a separate glioma group, but rather a subtype of oligodendrogliomas. Further tissue analysis on more specimens is underway. Acid ceramidase shows great potential as a supplemental biomarker in glioma characterization.
Near‐Infrared Electrochemiluminescence from Bistridentate Ruthenium(II) Di(quinoline‐8‐yl)pyridine Complexes in Aqueous Media (2020)

We report the synthesis, photophysics, electrochemistry and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of two dqp (dqp=2,6-di(quinoline-8-yl)pyridine) based ruthenium(II) complexes, bearing either a n-butyl ester (1) or the corresponding carboxylic acid functionality (2). The complexes were prepared from [Ru(dqp)(MeCN)<sub>3</sub> ][PF<sub>6</sub> ]<sub>2</sub> by reaction with the dqp precursor using microwave irradiation. In both cases, photoluminescence spectra present strong <sup>3</sup> MLCT-based red/near-infrared (NIR) emissions centred at about 710 nm. The photoluminescence quantum yields were 6.1 % and 1.8 % for 1 and 2 respectively while the excited state lifetimes were 3.60 μs and 2.37 μs. Both complexes are ECL active, although ECL efficiency (Φ<sub>ECL</sub> ) of 1 was substantially higher than 2, due to its more favourable electrochemical properties. Importantly, 1 also gave strong ECL in aqueous media, which is rare for near-infrared emitters. The results suggest the possibility of very interesting ECL sensing applications for this class of emitter in biological media.
39.3: Invited Paper : Advances in Application of Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulator (LCOS‐SLM) (2014)

Abstract A high quality and high performance 2D Spatial Light Phase Modulator has been developed for wide range of basic and practical applications. We will discuss how LCOS micro‐display device is developed into LCOS‐SLM for various important non‐display applications ranging from basic and applied researches such as singular optics and fluorescence microscopy to industrial applications in laser processing and machining.
Workload sampling for enterprise search evaluation (2007)

In real world use of test collection methods, it is essential that the query test set be representative of the work load expected in the actual application. Using a random sample of queries from a media company's query log as a 'gold standard' test set we demonstrate that biases in sitemap-derived and top n query sets can lead to significant perturbations in engine rankings and big differences in estimated performance levels.
First observation of the decay $ B_c^{+}\to {J \left/ {{\psi {K^{+}}}} \right.} $ (2013)

A bstract The decay $ B_c^{+}\to {J \left/ {{\psi {K^{+}}}} \right.} $ is observed for the first time using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb −1 , collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. A yield of 46 ± 12 events is reported, with a significance of 5.0 standard deviations. The ratio of the branching fraction of $ B_c^{+}\to {J \left/ {{\psi {K^{+}}}} \right.} $ to that of $ B_c^{+}\to {J \left/ {{\psi {\pi^{+}}}} \right.} $ is measured to be 0.069 ± 0.019 ± 0.005, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Measurement of the cosmic ray and neutrino-induced muon flux at the Sudbury neutrino observatory (2023)

Results are reported on the measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced muon flux at a depth of 2 kilometers below the Earth's surface from 1229 days of operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). By measuring the flux of through-going muons as a function of zenith angle, the SNO experiment can distinguish between the oscillated and unoscillated portion of the neutrino flux. A total of 514 muonlike events are measured between -1≤cos θzenith≤0.4 in a total exposure of 2.30×1014cm2s. The measured flux normalization is 1.22±0.09 times the Bartol three-dimensional flux prediction. This is the first measurement of the neutrino-induced flux where neutrino oscillations are minimized. The zenith distribution is consistent with previously measured atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters. The cosmic ray muon flux at SNO with zenith angle cos θzenith>0.4 is measured to be (3.31±0.01(stat)±0.09(sys))×10-10μ/s/cm2.
Interview: The cause of Type 2 diabetes: a new paradigm (2011)

Professor Paul Zimmet was the Foundation Director of the International Diabetes Institute, which merged with the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute in 2008 to create the largest diabetes and cardiovascular disease institute in the Southern Hemisphere. He is co-chair of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention. He is also the Director Emeritus of the Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute (Melbourne, Australia). Professor Zimmet served on the Australian Government Executive Committee for the Prevention of Type 2 diabetes and since 2008 has been involved with the Australian Labor Government’s Prevention Taskforce for Obesity, Tobacco and Alcohol. Numerous awards have been given in recognition of Professor Zimmet’s work, including awards from the American Diabetes Association, the European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Diabetes UK, the Australian Diabetes Society and the Canadian Diabetes Association. In 2007, he received the international Novartis Aw...
Host Immune Transcriptional Profiles Reflect the Variability in Clinical Disease Manifestations in Patients with Staphylococcus aureus Infections (2012)

Staphylococcus aureus infections are associated with diverse clinical manifestations leading to significant morbidity and mortality. To define the role of the host response in the clinical manifestations of the disease, we characterized whole blood transcriptional profiles of children hospitalized with community-acquired S. aureus infection and phenotyped the bacterial strains isolated. The overall transcriptional response to S. aureus infection was characterized by over-expression of innate immunity and hematopoiesis related genes and under-expression of genes related to adaptive immunity. We assessed individual profiles using modular fingerprints combined with the molecular distance to health (MDTH), a numerical score of transcriptional perturbation as compared to healthy controls. We observed significant heterogeneity in the host signatures and MDTH, as they were influenced by the type of clinical presentation, the extent of bacterial dissemination, and time of blood sampling in the course of the infection, but not by the bacterial isolate. System analysis approaches provide a new understanding of disease pathogenesis and the relation/interaction between host response and clinical disease manifestations.
The structure of SV 40 chromatin (1978)

Abstract Simian virus 40 (SV40) nucleoprotein complexes were studied with the electron microscope. Depending on the isolation procedure, SV40 chromatin has two different conformations: complexes isolated in the presence of 0.15 M NaCl appeared as very compact globular structures, while those isolated in the presence of 0.6 M NaCl had the typical ‘beads-on-a-string’ appearance of the primary nucleofilament. Concomitant with this structural change was a variation in the histone pattern and sedimentation behaviour of the complexes: with NaCl at 0.15 mol l-1 the isolated complexes contained both the nucleosomal histones and histone Hi, and sedimented in sucrose gradients at 70S. Increasing the ionic strength to 0.6 M NaCl resulted in the removal of histone Hi from the complexes and in a decrease of the sedimentation coefficient to 40S.DNA relaxing enzyme is associated with the SV40 nucleoprotein complexes. The numbers of superhelical turns in DNA from compact and open types of complexes were found to be the same. Therefore the transition from the condensed to the open structure of viral chromatin does not require a change in the topological winding number of its DNA.
Heart Failure Diagnosis in the General Community – Who, how and When? A Clinical Consensus Statement of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) (2023)

A significant proportion of patients experience delays in the diagnosis of heart failure due to the non-specific signs and symptoms of the syndrome. Diagnostic tools such as measurement of natriuretic peptide concentrations are fundamentally important when screening for heart failure, yet are frequently under-utilized. This clinical consensus statement provides a diagnostic framework for general practitioners and non-cardiology community-based physicians to recognize, investigate and risk-stratify patients presenting in the community with possible heart failure.
Field Trial Nyquist-WDM Transmission of 8#x000D7;216.4Gb/s PDM-CSRZ-QPSK Exceeding 4b/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency (2012)

We have achieved the first ever field transmission of 8⨉216.4 Gb/s Nyquist-WDM signals over 1750-km G.652 fiber consisting of 950km field-deployed and 800km lab fibers with 21.6-dB average loss per span and EDFA-only amplification. Each channel is 54.2-Gbaud (216.4-Gbit/s) PDM-CSRZ-QPSK signal on 50-GHz grid with a record spectral efficiency of 4b/s/Hz. The digital post filter and 1-bit MLSE are introduced at the receiver DSP to suppress noise, linear crosstalk and filtering effects.