gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating the Rate of Progressive Visual Field Damage in Those with Open-Angle Glaucoma, from Cross-Sectional Data (2008)

The estimates of typical worsening per year in the worse eye among subjects with OAG suggested slightly more rapid progression than in some clinic-based studies. The rate did not differ significantly by ethnicity or gender, but was worse in those with known, treated OAG and in pseudophakic subjects.
Sub-Nyquist Sampling and Fourier Domain Beamforming in Volumetric Ultrasound Imaging (2016)

A key step in ultrasound image formation is digital beamforming of signals sampled by several transducer elements placed upon an array. High-resolution digital beamforming introduces the demand for sampling rates significantly higher than the signals' Nyquist rate, which greatly increases the volume of data that must be transmitted from the system's front end. In 3-D ultrasound imaging, 2-D transducer arrays rather than 1-D arrays are used, and more scan lines are needed. This implies that the amount of sampled data is vastly increased with respect to 2-D imaging. In this work, we show that a considerable reduction in data rate can be achieved by applying the ideas of Xampling and frequency domain beamforming (FDBF), leading to a sub-Nyquist sampling rate, which uses only a portion of the bandwidth of the ultrasound signals to reconstruct the image. We extend previous work on FDBF for 2-D ultrasound imaging to accommodate the geometry imposed by volumetric scanning and a 2-D grid of transducer elements. High image quality from low-rate samples is demonstrated by simulation of a phantom image composed of several small reflectors. Our technique is then applied to raw data of a heart ventricle phantom obtained by a commercial 3-D ultrasound system. We show that by performing 3-D beamforming in the frequency domain, sub-Nyquist sampling and low processing rate are achievable, while maintaining adequate image quality.
Cotranslational recruitment of ribosomes in protocells recreates a translocon-independent mechanism of proteorhodopsin biogenesis (2021)

The emergence of lipid membranes and embedded proteins was essential for the evolution of cells. Translocon complexes mediate cotranslational recruitment and membrane insertion of nascent proteins, but they already contain membrane-integral proteins. Therefore, a simpler mechanism must exist, enabling spontaneous membrane integration while preventing aggregation of unchaperoned protein in the aqueous phase. Here, we used giant unilamellar vesicles encapsulating minimal translation components to systematically interrogate the requirements for insertion of the model protein proteorhodopsin (PR) - a structurally ubiquitous membrane protein. We show that the N-terminal hydrophobic domain of PR is both necessary and sufficient for cotranslational recruitment of ribosomes to the membrane and subsequent membrane insertion of PR. Insertion of N-terminally truncated PR was restored by artificially attaching ribosomes to the membrane. Our findings offer a self-sufficient protein-inherent mechanism as a possible explanation for effective membrane protein biogenesis in a "pretranslocon" era, and they offer new opportunities for generating artificial cells.
P‐5: Solution‐Processed SiO 2 Films Using Hydrogenated Polysilane Based Liquid Materials (2007)

Abstract Polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors (poly‐Si TFTs) have been fabricated using solution‐processed SiO 2 films made from a polysilane‐based liquid precursor. Spin‐coating this precursor, which already had been reported as a precursor for silicon film [Nature, vol. 440, pp. 783–786, 2006], we have prepared gate silicon oxide films for the TFTs. The fabricated TFT has been operated with the mobility of 108.9 cm 2 /Vs and sufficient low gate leakage current.
The randomised uterine septum transsection trial (TRUST): design and protocol (2018)

Dutch trial registry ( NTR1676 , 18th of February 2009).
The Medicinal Chemistry of RNase H-activating Antisense Oligonucleotides (2019)

This review focuses on the properties that an RNase H-activating antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) drug must have to function effectively in animals, as well as on medicinal chemistry strategies to achieve these properties. The biochemistry and structural requirements for activating RNase H are briefly summarized, as well as chemical modifications that can effect activation of RNase H when an ASO is bound to target RNA. The key modifications available to the medicinal chemist to engineer desired properties of the ASO are briefly reviewed, as are ASO design strategies to achieve optimal activity in animal systems. Lastly, the interactions of ASOs with proteins and strategies to control these interactions to improve the profile of ASOs are discussed.
Statistics for attempted suicide during follow-up among 3678 female bipolar patients. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Distribution of study variables, bivariate statistics, and adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for attempted suicide during follow-up among 3678 female bipolar patients recorded in the BipoläR 2004–2011 and followed-up annually 2005–2012.&lt;/p&gt;a&lt;p&gt;Fatal or non-fatal attempted suicide during follow-up, as registered in the BipoläR at annual follow-ups.&lt;/p&gt;b&lt;p&gt;Chi-square values derived from two-by-two tables, hence df = 1.&lt;/p&gt;c&lt;p&gt;When previous suicide attempts was explanatory variable, the logistic regression model included the potential confounder age as well as all variables in the table that had a significant p-value in bivariate comparison. When other variables in the table were explanatory variables, the variable previous suicide attempts was omitted.&lt;/p&gt;d&lt;p&gt;Categorical variable. Bipolar disorder type 1 was reference category in the chi-square tests and in the multiple regression.&lt;/p&gt;e&lt;p&gt;Bipolar disorder of unspecified type.&lt;/p&gt;f&lt;p&gt;Schizoaffective disorder of bipolar type.&lt;/p&gt;g&lt;p&gt;First-degree relatives; data available for a subset of the cohort only.&lt;/p&gt;h&lt;p&gt;Data available for a subset of the cohort only.&lt;/p&gt;i&lt;p&gt;Before 18 years of age; data available for a subset of the cohort only.&lt;/p&gt;j&lt;p&gt;One cell had expected count less than 5; therefore, Fisher's exact test was used instead of the chi-square test.&lt;/p&gt;k&lt;p&gt;For instance, illness, injury, or poisoning.&lt;/p&gt;l&lt;p&gt;For instance, family-, work- or economy-related.&lt;/p&gt;m&lt;p&gt;Directed towards people; data available for a subset of the cohort only.&lt;/p&gt;
Genetic Differentiation by Nucleic Acid Homology II. Genotypic Variations Within TwoMycoplasmaSpecies (1966)

Somerson, Norman L. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.), Paul R. Reich, Barbara E. Walls, Robert M. Chanock, and Sherman M. Weissman. Genetic differentiation by nucleic acid homology. II. Genotypic variations within two Mycoplasma species. J. Bacteriol. 92:311-317. 1966.-A deoxyribonucleic-ribonucleic acid (DNA-RNA) homology technique was used to determine genetic relatedness among the nucleic acids of eight mycoplasmas which were serologically classified as Mycoplasma hominis type 1. The DNA preparations from these organisms were each found to be distinct. No subgrouping of the M. hominis type 1 strains could be demonstrated. In contrast, when the nucleic acids from six serologically related mycoplasmas which were isolated from tissue cultures were studied, the DNA from these species could not be distinguished. The DNA buoyant densities of the tissue culture isolates were similar. These isolates were closely related genetically to a porcine mycoplasma, M. hyorhinis.
Photon-counting Detector CT in Patients Pre- and Post-Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (2023)

Photon-counting detector CT (PCD CT) has increasingly garnered interest in cardiothoracic imaging due to its high spatial resolution and ability to perform spectral imaging. CT plays an important role in the planning and postprocedural assessment of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Limitations of current CT technology resulting in blooming and metal artifacts may be addressed with PCD CT. This case series demonstrates the potential advantages of PCD CT in patients prior to and post-TAVR. In TAVR planning, PCD CT allowed for a detailed depiction of the aortic valve, aortic root, coronary arteries, and potential vascular access routes. The high-spatial-resolution reconstructions enabled assessment of hypoattenuating leaflet thickening and periprosthetic leakage for prosthetic valves. This study shows promising initial results, but further research is needed to determine the clinical impact of PCD CT in patients prior to and post-TAVR. <b>Keywords:</b> Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Cardiac, Coronary Arteries, Heart, Valves, Photon-counting Detector CT © RSNA, 2023 An earlier incorrect version appeared online. This article was corrected on October 27, 2023.
Lipid Ion Channels and the Role of Proteins (2013)

In the absence of proteins, synthetic lipid membranes can display quantized conduction events for ions that are virtually indistinguishable from those of protein channels. The phenomenological similarities between typical conductances are striking: they are of equal order and show similar lifetime distributions and current histograms. They can include conduction bursts, flickering, and multistep conductance. Lipid channels can be gated by voltage and blocked by drugs. They respond to changes in lateral membrane tension and temperature. Thus, they behave like voltage-gated, temperature-gated, and mechano-sensitive protein channels, or like receptors. The similarity between lipid and protein channels poses an important problem for the interpretation of protein channel data. For example, the Hodgkin-Huxley theory for nerve pulse conduction requires a selective mechanism for the conduction of sodium and potassium ions. To this end, the lipid membrane must act both as a capacitor and as an insulator. Nonselective ion conductance by mechanisms other than the gated protein channels challenges the proposed mechanism for pulse propagation. Nevertheless, textbooks rarely describe the properties of the lipid membrane surrounding the proteins in their discussions of membrane models. These similarities lead to important questions: Do these similarities in lipid and protein channels result from a common mechanism, or are these similarities fortuitous? What distinguishes protein channels from lipid channels, if anything? In this Account, we document experimental and theoretical findings that show the similarity between lipid and protein channels. We discuss important cases where protein channel function strongly correlates with the properties of the lipid. Based on statistical thermodynamics simulations, we discuss how such correlations could come about. We suggest that proteins can act as catalysts for lipid channel formation and that this hypothesis can explain some of the unexplained correlations between protein and lipid membrane function.
Continuous electrochemical monitoring of L-glutamine using redox-probe-modified L-glutamine-binding protein based on intermittent pulse amperometry (2021)

The development of a continuous electrochemical monitoring system using a periplasmic binding protein (PBP), which changes its conformational dynamics upon ligand binding, is promising for in situ, real-time, continuous measurement technologies for use in effective biological production processes. This study focuses on a continuous L-glutamine biosensor based on Escherichia coli-derived L-glutamine-binding protein (QBP), a PBP that can speficically bind to L-glutamine. In this sensor, QBP was modified with a redox probe, amine-reactive phenazine ethosulfate (PES), and the conformational change in QBP through the recognition of L-glutamine was monitored electrochemically by intermittent pulse amperometry (IPA) based on the change in the access of QBP-modified PES to the electrode. This sensor exhibited a change in the current against logarithmic L-glutamine concentrations between 0.2–50 μM. Continuous monitoring of L-glutamine, based on IPA measurements, revealed that continuous changes in L-glutamine concentration were observed for both increasing and decreasing concentrations. During continuous monitoring, L-glutamine concentration was monitored between 50 and 500 μM, with a limit of detection of 50 μM. This result is expected to address the future development of an electrochemical biosensor for in situ, real-time, continuous monitoring of various metabolites based on PBPs.
Comparison of winding concepts for bearingless pumps (2007)

Bearingless slice motors as employed in semiconductor, pharmaceutical and medical industry perform magnetic levitation by radial bearing forces and rotation by tangential forces. This requires bearing and drive windings, which can be realized as separate bearing and drive coils or as identical, concentrated coils on the stator claws. In this paper, a detailed comparison between these two winding concepts is undertaken, where the coil losses, the coil volume, the power electronics requirements and the achievable rotation speed are evaluated. Furthermore, practical features such as control complexity, cabling effort and manufacturability are taken into account. Finally, the trade-off between losses, volume and realization effort will be discussed in order to give a guideline for the selection of the appropriate winding concept for a specific application of a bearingless pump.
Effect of a Longitudinal Course on Student Performance in Clerkships (1999)

Experiences with pediatric preceptors in the early years of medical school may improve a student's performance and confidence in the pediatric clerkship.
METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RISK OF CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE IN US ADULTS (2004)

Chen, J.; Muntner, P.; Hamm, L.; Jones, D.; Batuman, V.; Fonseca, V.; Whelton, P.; He, J. Author Information
Sonoluminescence, sonochemistry, and sonophysics (1994)

Recent measurements of sonoluminescence produced by a single, stable, pulsating gas bubble indicate that the spectrum can be modeled by that for a blackbody at a temperature of nearly 40 000 K [R. Hiller, S. J. Putterman, and B. P. Barber, ‘‘Spectrum of synchronous picosecond sonoluminescence,’’ Phys. Rev. Lett. 69, 1182 (1992)]. These results are in contrast with earlier measurements of the spectrum which is modeled by electronic transitions of rotational and vibrational bands within specific elements of the host liquid [E. B. Flint and K. S. Suslick, ‘‘The temperature of cavitation,’’ Science 253, 1397 (1991)]. It is suggested that the single-bubble SL observed by Hiller et al. is intrinsically different from the multiple-bubble SL observed by Flint and Suslick. In the former case, symmetric bubble collapse leads to shock wave formation in the gas; in the latter case, asymmetric bubble collapse leads to liquid jets that penetrate the hot bubble interior and result principally in incandescence of the host liquid.
Polarization-dependent proximity effects (2007)

To meet the imaging resolution requirements, driven by the evolution of IC design rules, leading-edge scanners incorporate projection lenses with hyper-NAs. Moreover, immersion scanners are being introduced into IC manufacture. Both dry and immersion tools explore the lens design regimes of unprecedented complexity. The need to predict, to analyze and to control the IC pattern CDs is met by various photolithography simulators. The continuing demand for simulation accuracy is reflected by the requirement to quantify the scanner projection lens fingerprints, i.e. projection lens infinitesimal excursions from the ideal performance. The scanner engineering community has been relying on photolithography simulators to analyze the impact of the projection lens fingerprints on the imaging characteristics. However small, these excursions are always present in the projection tools and they control important imaging characteristics such as overlay, CD uniformity, across-field exposure latitude, to name but a few. Customarily, phase front aberrations and lens pupil apodization signatures have been used to predict the scanners imaging responses. Of course, the need to design, to manufacture and to deploy scanners of ever improving quality resulted in dramatic reductions of these non-ideal imaging excursions. The evolution of IC designs and imaging tools complexity escalate the requirements for imaging simulation accuracy. Simultaneously, predicting scanner imaging response has become a key mission in the Deign For Manufacture arena. In view of these developments, it necessary to pose a question if the conventional equipment engineering and imaging simulation methodologies predict scanner imaging responses with the accuracy required by the IC design rules. Differently put, the question is: what is necessary to provide simulation accuracy required by the current IC design rules? This report attempts to address these questions.
Optical investigations of nanostructured oxides and semiconductors (2009)

This work is motivated by the prospect of building a quantum computer: a device that would allow physicists to explore quantum mechanics more deeply, and allow everyone else to keep their credit card numbers safe on the internet. In this thesis we explore materials that are relevant to a proposed quantum computer architecture.Systems with a ferroelectric to paraelectric transition in the vicinity of room temperature areuseful for devices. Adjusting the ferroelectric transition temperature is traditionally accomplished by chemical substitution, as in barium strontium titanate. We investigate strained-strontium titanate, which is ferroelectric at room-temperature, and a composite material of barium strontium titanate and magnesium oxide.We present optical techniques to measure electron spin dynamics with GHz dynamical bandwidth,transform-limited spectral selectivity, and phase-sensitive detection. We demonstrate the technique with a measurement of GHz-spin precession in n-GaAs. We also describe our efforts to measure single quantum dots optically.Nanoscale devices with photonic properties have been the subject of intense research over the past decade. Potential nanophotonic applications include communications, polarization-sensitive detectors, and solar power generation. Here we show photosensitivity of a nanoscale detectorwritten at the interface between two oxides.
Comparison of Second Hyperpolarizability in liquid and gas phases of Carbon Disulfide (2016)

Using nonlinear beam deflection, a highly sensitive method for time-resolved measurement of nonlinear refraction, we directly measure the second hyperpolarizability in the gas phase of CS2 without the need for local field correction.© OSA 2016.
BAG1 promotes axonal outgrowth and regeneration in vivo via Raf-1 and reduction of ROCK activity (2008)

Improved survival of injured neurons and the inhibition of repulsive environmental signalling are prerequisites for functional regeneration. BAG1 (Bcl-2-associated athanogene-1) is an Hsp70/Hsc70-binding protein, which has been shown to suppress apoptosis and enhance neuronal differentiation. We investigated BAG1 as a therapeutic molecule in the lesioned visual system in vivo. Using an adeno-associated viral vector, BAG1 (AAV.BAG1) was expressed in retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and then tested in models of optic nerve axotomy and optic nerve crush. BAG1 significantly increased RGC survival as compared to adeno-associated viral vector enhanced green fluorescent protein (AAV.EGFP) treated controls and this was independently confirmed in transgenic mice over-expressing BAG1 in neurons. The numbers and lengths of regenerating axons after optic nerve crush were also significantly increased in the AAV.BAG1 group. In pRGC cultures, BAG1-over-expression resulted in a approximately 3-fold increase in neurite length and growth cone surface. Interestingly, BAG1 induced an intracellular translocation of Raf-1 and ROCK2 and ROCK activity was decreased in a Raf-1-dependent manner by BAG1-over-expression. In summary, we show that BAG1 acts in a dual role by inhibition of lesion-induced apoptosis and interaction with the inhibitory ROCK signalling cascade. BAG1 is therefore a promising molecule to be further examined as a putative therapeutic tool in neurorestorative strategies.
Olfactory receptors in macrophages and inflammation (2022)

Olfactory receptors (ORs) that bind odorous ligands are the largest family of G-protein-coupled receptors. In the olfactory epithelium, approximately 400 and 1,100 members are expressed in humans and mice, respectively. Growing evidence suggests the extranasal functions of ORs. Here, we review OR expression and function in macrophages, specialized innate immune cells involved in the detection, phagocytosis, and destruction of cellular debris and pathogens as well as the initiation of inflammatory responses. RNA sequencing data in mice suggest that up to 580 ORs may be expressed in macrophages. Macrophage OR expression is increased after treatment with the Toll-like receptor 4 ligand lipopolysaccharide, which also induces the transcription of inflammasome components. Triggering human OR6A2 or its mouse orthologue Olfr2 with their cognate ligand octanal induces inflammasome assembly and the secretion of IL-1β, which exacerbates atherosclerosis. Octanal is positively correlated with blood lipids like low-density lipoprotein -cholesterol in humans. Another OR, Olfr78, is activated by lactate, which promotes the generation of tumor-associated macrophages that dampen the immune response and promote tumor progression. Olfactory receptors in macrophages are a rich source of untapped opportunity for modulating inflammation. It is not known which of the many ORs expressed in macrophages promote or modulate inflammation. Progress in this area also requires deorphanizing more ORs and determining the sources of their ligands.
3D Printing: Controlling Material Reactivity Using Architecture (Adv. Mater. 10/2016) (2016)

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has demonstrated great promise as a means for tailoring material behavior. To date, most studies have focused on improving the mechanical properties, and testing is often performed quasi-statically. On page 1934, K. T. Sullivan and co-workers demonstrate that 3D printing can be used to tailor the dynamic behavior of materials, so long as the feature sizes are made commensurate with the length scale of the governing phenomena.