gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural hydrogen treatment effect during formation of double amorphous silicon-carbide p layer structures producing high-efficiency pin-type amorphous silicon solar cells (2005)

We proposed a double p-type amorphous silicon-carbide (p-a-SiC:H) layer structure to improve the p∕i interface of pin-type amorphous silicon based solar cells. We found a natural hydrogen treatment involving an etch of the defective undiluted p-a-SiC:H window layer before the hydrogen-diluted p-a-SiC:H buffer layer deposition and an improvement of the order in the window layer. It is beneficial to increase overall solar cell parameters by successfully reducing recombination at the p∕i interface.
Modulated Periodic Activations for Generalizable Local Functional\n Representations (2021)

Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) make powerful functional representations for\nsampling and reconstruction problems involving low-dimensional signals like\nimages,shapes and light fields. Recent works have significantly improved their\nability to represent high-frequency content by using periodic activations or\npositional encodings. This often came at the expense of generalization: modern\nmethods are typically optimized for a single signal. We present a new\nrepresentation that generalizes to multiple instances and achieves\nstate-of-the-art fidelity. We use a dual-MLP architecture to encode the\nsignals. A synthesis network creates a functional mapping from a\nlow-dimensional input (e.g. pixel-position) to the output domain (e.g. RGB\ncolor). A modulation network maps a latent code corresponding to the target\nsignal to parameters that modulate the periodic activations of the synthesis\nnetwork. We also propose a local-functional representation which enables\ngeneralization. The signal's domain is partitioned into a regular grid,with\neach tile represented by a latent code. At test time, the signal is encoded\nwith high-fidelity by inferring (or directly optimizing) the latent code-book.\nOur approach produces generalizable functional representations of images,\nvideos and shapes, and achieves higher reconstruction quality than prior works\nthat are optimized for a single signal.\n
1,4-Polybutadiene-Based Particles Prepared by Aqueous Suspension Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (2004)

This paper describes two different strategies to obtain stable beads of 1,4-polybutadiene (PB) by suspension ring-opening metathesis of 1,5-cyclooctadiene carried out in water. Both rest on the use of amphiphilic stabilizing agents whose hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance was finely tuned. A norbornenyl-ended poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) macromonomer and an in situ prepared poly(butadiene-g-ethylene oxide) graft copolymer provided the required stability for PB beads in the range of 20 μm to remain suspended in water.
Metric Regression Forests for Human Pose Estimation (2013)

Traditionally, human pose estimation algorithms could be classified into generative [2] and discriminative [4] approaches. Generative approaches model the likelihood of the observations given a pose estimate, however, they are susceptible to local minima and thus require good initial pose estimates. Discriminative approaches learn a direct mapping from image features to pose space from training data, however, they struggle to generalize to unseen poses. Building on previous work [3], Taylor et al. [5] bypass some of these limitations using a hybrid-approach that discriminatively predicts, for each pixel in a depth image, a corresponding point on the surface of a humanoid mesh model. This mesh model is then robustly fit to the resulting set of correspondences using local optimization. Surprisingly though, these correspondences are actually inferred using a random forest whose structure was trained using a classification objective that arbitrarily equates target model points belonging to the same predefined body part [3]. In this paper, we address Taylor et al.’s use of this proxy classification objective by proposing Metric Space Information Gain (MSIG), a replacement objective function for training a random forest to directly minimize the uncertainty over the target model points, naturally encoding the correlation between these points as a function of the geodesic distance. To this end, we view the surface of the model U as a metric space (U,dU) defined by the geodesic distance metric dU (see first panel of Figure 1). The natural objective function to minimize the uncertainty in the resulting true distributions that result from a split function s in such a space, is the information gain I(s) [1]. This is generally approximated using an empirical distribution Q = {ui} ⊆U drawn from the true unsplit distribution pU as I(s)≈ I(s;Q) = Ĥ(Q)− ∑ i∈{L,R} |Qi| |Q| Ĥ(Qi), (1)
Roles of Periostin in Respiratory Disorders (2016)

Periostin is a matricellular protein that has been implicated in many disease states. It interacts with multiple signaling cascades to modulate the expression of downstream genes that regulate cellular interactions within the extracellular matrix. This review focuses on the role of periostin in respiratory diseases, including asthma and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and its potential to help guide treatment or assess prognosis. Epithelial injury is a common feature of many respiratory diseases, resulting in the secretion, among others, of periostin, which is subsequently involved in airway remodeling and other aspects of pulmonary pathophysiology. In asthma, periostin is recognized as a biomarker of type 2 inflammation; POSTN gene expression is up-regulated in bronchial epithelial cells by IL-13 and IL-4. Serum periostin has been evaluated for the identification of patients with increased clinical benefit from treatment with anti-IL-13 (lebrikizumab, tralokinumab) and anti-IgE (omalizumab) therapy and may be prognostic for increased risk of asthma exacerbations and progressive lung function decline. Furthermore, in asthma, periostin may regulate subepithelial fibrosis and mucus production and may serve as a systemic biomarker of eosinophilic airway inflammation. Periostin is also highly expressed in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and its serum levels may predict clinical progression. Overall, periostin contributes to multiple pathogenic processes across respiratory diseases, and peripheral blood levels of periostin may have utility as a biomarker of treatment response and disease progression.
A LandmarkinElectrical Performance ofIGBT Modules Utilizing NextGeneration ChipTechnologies (2006)

'. . ~~~~~~~Charge Extraction (FCE)diode (right). nessand55CMcapability could beachieved while having no drawbacks onother electrical parameters. Inthis paper, wewillTheFCE-diode consists ofacontinuous, highly dopedP+emit- present ahighpowermodule, whichcombines these twotech-terontheanodeside andtheFCE-structure atthecathode side.
Abstract LB-088: Role of histone demethylase JMJD1A in the generation of AR-V7 (2017)

Abstract Formation of androgen receptor (AR) splicing variant, AR-V7, has been shown to contribute to the resistance of prostate cancer to androgen deprivation therapy and development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). We and others have reported that histone demethylase JMJD1A promotes the transcriptional activity of AR by functioning as an AR co-activator. Here, we identified a new role for JMJD1A in the expression of AR-V7 in prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of JMJD1A reduced the mRNA and protein level of AR-V7 but had little effect on the full-length AR (AR-FL). Re-expression of AR-V7 in the JMJD1A-knockdown cells partly restored the expression of select AR target genes and growth of prostate cancer cells under the androgen deprivation condition in vitro and in the mouse xenograft model. Our preliminary data show that JMJD1A promotes the alternative splicing of AR-V7 and we are currently investigating the splicing factor(s) regulated by JMJD1A for the AR-V7 formation. Together, our data reveal that JMJD1A enhances the castration-resistant growth of prostate cancer cells by promoting the alternative splicing of AR-V7. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Lingling Fan, Fengbo Zhang, Martin Gleave, Xuesen Dong, Jianfei Qi. Role of histone demethylase JMJD1A in the generation of AR-V7 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-088. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-LB-088
Comparison of Whole Blood Fibrin-Based Clot Tests in Thrombelastography and Thromboelastometry (2012)

These results demonstrate differences when measuring fibrin-based clotting via the FF and FIBTEM assays on the TEG® and ROTEM® devices. Point-of-care targeted correction of fibrin-based clotting may be influenced by the assay and device used. For the FF assay, data are lacking.
AMTEC Performance and Evaluation Analysis Model (APEAM): Comparison with test results of PX-4C, PX-5A, and PX-3A cells (1998)

An AMTEC Performance and Evaluation Analysis Model (APEAM) was developed to predict the performance of next-generation Pluto/Express, vapor-anode multitube cells. APEAM consists of three major submodels: an electrochemical and electrical model; a vapor pressure loss model; and a radiation/conduction model. An efficient iterative solution procedure was developed to couple the three submodels. Model results compared well with experimental data of PX-4C, PX-5A and PX-3A cells, that were tested at the Air Force Research Laboratory. Results showed that the reduced cell diameter and shorter BASE tubes of PX-3A significantly decreased the parasitic heat losses in the cell, as well as the heat losses through the side wall. At a hot side temperature of 1173 K, the cell’s calculated peak conversion efficiency was 14.2% at an electrical power output of 4.6 We.
Ridge waveguide AIGaAs/GaAs distributed-feedback lasers with a multiple-quantum-well structure (1986)

High-quality AIGaAs/GaAs lasers with a stable single longitudinal mode, low threshold current, narrow spectral linewidth, and stable dynamic behavior are necessary for fiber-optic sensors, laser printers, optical disk memory systems, and GaAs-integrated optoelectronic circuits. Recently, we reported stable single-longitudinal-mode operation of ridge waveguide AIGaAs/GaAs distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers with low-threshold current.1 It has been demonstrated that multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers have superior properties such as lower threshold current density,2 less temperature dependence,3 better dynamic behavior,4 and narrower spectral linewidth.4 We report for the first time fabrication and fundamental characteristics of the ridge waveguide AIGaAs/GaAs DFB lasers with a MQW structure.
SIZE: Satellite Image Zooming and Exploration (2017)

The VAST Challenge 2017 presents the case of the ornithologist Mitch, who wants to understand the vanishing of the Rose-crested Blue Pipit in the Boonsong Lekagul Nature preserve. To help the ornithologist to answer the challenge questions, we propose the Satellite Image Zooming and Exploration (SIZE) application that implements a framework to interactively zoom and explore satellite images of the preserve area provided by the VAST Mini Challenge 3. SIZE enables the experts to generate hypothesis through zooming and exploration, which he can further verify using different satellite images and Tableau. Two major hypothesis to help Mitch solving the poor development of the bird species are developed. One being the destruction of the habitat of the birds and the other being a heavy pollution of a lake in the preserve area.
Child and parental perspectives on communication and decision-making in pediatric chronic kidney disease: a focus group study (2018)

Background &amp; Objectives: Effective communication and shared decision making improve quality of care and patient outcomes but can be particularly challenging in pediatric chronic disease because children depend on their parents and clinicians to manage complex health care and developmental needs. We aimed to describe the perspectives of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and their parents with regard to communication and decision making. / Study Design: Qualitative study. / Setting &amp; Participants: Children with CKD (n = 34) and parents (n = 62) from 6 centers across 6 cities in Australia, Canada, and the United States participated in 16 focus groups. / Analytical Approach: Transcripts were analyzed thematically. / Results: We identified 4 themes: (1) disempowered by knowledge imbalance (unprepared and ill-informed, suspicion of censorship, and inadequacy as technicians), (2) recognizing own expertise (intuition and instinct unique to parental bond, emerging wisdom and confidence, identifying opportunities for control and inclusion, and empowering participation in children), (3) striving to assert own priorities (negotiating broader life impacts, choosing to defer decisional burden, overprotected and overruled, and struggling to voice own preferences), and (4) managing child’s involvement (respecting child’s expertise, attributing “risky” behaviors to rebellion, and protecting children from illness burden). / Limitations: Only English-speaking participants were recruited, which may limit the transferability of the findings. We collected data from child and parent perspectives; however, clinician perspectives may provide further understanding of the difficulties of communication and decision making in pediatrics. / Conclusions: Parents value partnership with clinicians and consider long-term and quality-of-life implications of their child’s illness. Children with CKD want more involvement in treatment decision making but are limited by vulnerability, fear, and uncertainty. There is a need to support the child to better enable him or her to become a partner in decision making and prepare him or her for adulthood. Collaborative and informed decision making that addresses the priorities and concerns of both children and parents is needed.
Metasurface‐Based Abrupt Autofocusing Beam for Biomedical Applications (2022)

Manipulation and precise delivery of optical energies in the regions of interest within specimens require different strategies. Hence, proper control of input beam parameters is a prerequisite. One of the prominent methods is metasurface optics, capable of crafting properties of light at nanoscales. Here, the generation of an abrupt autofocusing (AAF) beam by a nanophotonic metasurface for biomedical applications is demonstrated. Fluorescence guided laser microprofiling of mouse cardiac samples is experimentally investigated, using the AAF beam to deliver optical energy selectively to specific locations. In addition, photocoagulation of ex vivo swine skin tissue is performed and observed through optical coherence tomography. The results show great potentials for integrating metasurface optics to realize miniature laser surgery instruments for wide applications in biomedicine.
Differential Roles of Upstream Stimulatory Factors 1 and 2 in the Transcriptional Response of Liver Genes to Glucose (1998)

USF1 and USF2 are ubiquitous transcription factors of the basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper family. They form homo- and heterodimers and recognize a CACGTG motif termed E box. In the liver, USF binding activity is mainly accounted for by the USF1/USF2 heterodimer, which binds in vitro the glucose/carbohydrate response elements (GlRE/ChoRE) of glucose-responsive genes. To assign a physiological role of USFs in vivo, we have undertaken the disruption of USF1 and USF2 genes in mice. We present here the generation of USF1-deficient mice. In the liver of these mice, we demonstrate that USF2 remaining dimers can compensate for glucose responsiveness, even though the level of total USF binding activity is reduced by half as compared with wild type mice. The residual USF1 binding activity was similarly reduced in the previously reported USF2 -/- mice in which an impaired glucose responsiveness was observed (Vallet, V. S., Henrion, A. A., Bucchini, D., Casado, M. , Raymondjean, M., Kahn, A., and Vaulont, S. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 21944-21949). Taken together, these results clearly suggest differential transactivating efficiencies of USF1 and USF2 in promoting the glucose response. Furthermore, they support the view that USF2 is the functional transactivator of the glucose-responsive complex.
Visual Analysis of Tumor Control Models for Prediction of Radiotherapy Response (2016)

Abstract In radiotherapy, tumors are irradiated with a high dose, while surrounding healthy tissues are spared. To quantify the probability that a tumor is effectively treated with a given dose, statistical models were built and employed in clinical research. These are called tumor control probability (TCP) models. Recently, TCP models started incorporating additional information from imaging modalities. In this way, patient‐specific properties of tumor tissues are included, improving the radiobiological accuracy of models. Yet, the employed imaging modalities are subject to uncertainties with significant impact on the modeling outcome, while the models are sensitive to a number of parameter assumptions. Currently, uncertainty and parameter sensitivity are not incorporated in the analysis, due to time and resource constraints. To this end, we propose a visual tool that enables clinical researchers working on TCP modeling, to explore the information provided by their models, to discover new knowledge and to confirm or generate hypotheses within their data. Our approach incorporates the following four main components: (1) It supports the exploration of uncertainty and its effect on TCP models; (2) It facilitates parameter sensitivity analysis to common assumptions; (3) It enables the identification of inter‐patient response variability; (4) It allows starting the analysis from the desired treatment outcome, to identify treatment strategies that achieve it. We conducted an evaluation with nine clinical researchers. All participants agreed that the proposed visual tool provides better understanding and new opportunities for the exploration and analysis of TCP modeling.
Supplementary Table 4 from Distinct Patterns of Dysregulated Expression of Enzymes Involved in Androgen Synthesis and Metabolism in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 91K, Linear correlation matrix resulting from the analysis of the log2-based mRNA levels in primary and metastatic PCas&lt;/p&gt;
Inhibition of NAALADase by 2‐PMPA attenuates cocaine‐induced relapse in rats: a NAAG‐mGluR2/3‐mediated mechanism (2009)

Pharmacological activation of group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) inhibits cocaine self-administration and reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, suggesting a possible use of mGluR2/3 agonists in the treatment of cocaine dependence. In this study, we investigated whether elevation of the endogenous mGluR2/3 ligand N-acetyl-aspartatylglutamate (NAAG) levels by the N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase inhibitor 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioic acid (2-PMPA) attenuates cocaine self-administration and cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug seeking. N-acetylated-alpha-linked-acidic dipeptidase is a NAAG degradation enzyme that hydrolyzes NAAG to N-acetylaspartate and glutamate. Systemic administration of 2-PMPA (10-100 mg/kg, i.p.) inhibited intravenous self-administration maintained by low unit doses of cocaine and cocaine (but not sucrose)-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior. Microinjections of 2-PMPA (3-5 microg/side) or NAAG (3-5 microg/side) into the nucleus accumbens (NAc), but not into the dorsal striatum, also inhibited cocaine-induced reinstatement, an effect that was blocked by intra-NAc injection of LY341495, a selective mGluR2/3 antagonist. In vivo microdialysis demonstrated that 2-PMPA (10-100 mg/kg, i.p.) produced a dose-dependent reduction in both extracellular dopamine (DA) and glutamate, an effect that was also blocked by LY341495. Finally, pre-treatment with 2-PMPA partially attenuated cocaine-enhanced extracellular NAc DA, while completely blocking cocaine-enhanced extracellular NAc glutamate in rats during reinstatement testing. Intra-NAc perfusion of LY341495 blocked 2-PMPA-induced reductions in cocaine-enhanced extracellular NAc glutamate, but not DA. These findings suggest that 2-PMPA is effective in attenuating cocaine-induced reinstatement of drug-seeking behavior, likely by attenuating cocaine-induced increases in NAc DA and glutamate via pre-synaptic mGluR2/3s.
Comparative study about efficiency and switching noise of bridgeless PFC circuits (2012)

Recently, efficiency improvement has been noted with the rapidly increasing consumption of energy. The diode losses is the main cause of efficiency decrease in bridge rectifier of conventional PFC circuit, it can not be neglected. Therefore bridgeless PFC circuit has been focused. In this research, the various bridgeless PFC circuits are analyzed. The results of switching noise are compared and efficiency improvement is verified.
Incremental step reference governor for load conditioning of hybrid Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine power plants (2008)

A hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell and Gas Turbine (SOFC/GT) system exploits the complementary features of the two power plants, where the GT recuperates the energy in the SOFC exhaust stream and thereby boosting the overall system efficiency. Through model based transient analysis, however, it is shown that the intricate coupling dynamics make the transient load following very challenging. Power shutdown has been observed when the load is changed abruptly. In this work, a novel closed-loop reference governor controller is proposed to mitigate the shutdown phenomenon. The reference governor utilizes the region of attraction of a reduced order SOFC/GT model to determine the feasibility of applying an incremental step change, subject to the constraint of no system shutdown. It is shown that with a moderate computational cost, the speed of the hybrid power system response can be improved significantly compared to the fastest conventional load filter.
Miniature Biofuel Cells with Improved Stability Under Continuous Operation (2006)

Abstract We have developed miniature biofuel cells (BFCs) with dimensions as small as 12×12×9 mm by adopting the design of stackable proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The enzymatic anodes were constructed by using stabilized glucose oxidase (GOx) in the form of crosslinked enzyme clusters (CECs) on the surface of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The combination of stabilized GOx and unbuffered fuel solution resulted in stabilized performance of miniature BFCs under continuous operation for more than 16 hours. This unprecedentedly high operational stability of miniature BFCs opens up new possibilities for many BFC applications.