gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sample-size calculations for short-term proof-of-concept studies of tissue protection and repair in multiple sclerosis lesions via conventional clinical imaging (2015)

Lesion recovery is a powerful outcome measure for proof-of-concept clinical trials of tissue protection and repair in MS. The trial design requires active cases and is therefore best implemented near disease onset.
The Crisis of Finance (2021)

Chapter one sets the scene of the present crisis of finance and lays the foundations for how we are using the idea of democracy throughout the book. We introduce three models of democracy to reveal important criteria for assessing crowdfunding as a form of democratic finance, and begin to explore who really controls your money.
The genetics of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Teare redux: Figure 1 (2008)

In contrast to the challenges that frustrate the complete genetic delineation of complex common diseases (for example, type 2 diabetes mellitus or coronary disease),1–3 there has been extensive success in the delineation of highly penetrant loci in rarer disorders that conform to Mendelian inheritance.4 Linkage studies in multi-case, multi-generation families have identified more than 1300 of such causal genes. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) represents the first, and hence perhaps best known, example of an inherited cardiac disorder to be understood in this way and its study has epitomised the application of genetics to cardiovascular disease.5 6

A generation before any such genetic advances contributed to the understanding of HCM, Donald Teare’s now classic 1958 paper7 emphasised aspects of the disease that not only endure but resonate and inform today’s state-of-the-art genetic research. After his training at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, and at St George’s Hospital, the professor of forensic medicine at the University of London went on to become the third member of the forensic “Three musketeers” of the 1940s,8 who were involved with more than 80 000 postmortems (some of which were causes celebres). The fact that Teare made a number of seminal observations reflects more than the volume of this work; as Michael Davies noted, he identified HCM because of “[his] innate ability to recognise morphological abnormalities and the intellectual curiosity to store hearts and other organs away for future consideration. The concordance of a similar abnormal morphological appearance of the hearts in two subjects from one family dying suddenly at a young age prompted a search for other hearts with a similar appearance in his collection”.9

In this review we propose to further update10 and re-evaluate three of Teare’s major original observations in light of our current understanding of …
Decreased Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow Index Highlights Abnormal Retinal Microcirculation in Multiple Sclerosis (P5.225) (2015)

Objective The objective was to compare the vascular blood flow index (FI) at the optic nerve head (ONH) to standard structural and functional measures between eyes of persons with MS and age and sex-matched controls. Background There is growing interest in the role of vascular changes in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis (MS). A new optical coherence tomography (OCT) algorithm allows assessment of microvascular blood flow at the ONH. Methods In this cross-sectional study, ONH FI and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were obtained using a high speed swept-source OCT system from 47 people with MS and 43 controls. Visual acuity, MS disability, vascular risk factors and optic neuritis (ON) histories were obtained. A mixed model was used for comparing ONH FI and mean RNFL values between groups. Spearman correlations were used between ONH FI, structural and functional outcomes, and vascular risk factors. Results The ONH FI was reduced in MS eyes compared to controls (p=<0.01). Likewise the RNFL thickness was reduced in MS compared to controls (p < 0.01). However there was little overlap between the MS populations with abnormal FI and abnormal RNFL, with the existing overlap most likely to have occurred by chance (p = 0.56). The ONH FI and RNFL thickness values had low correlation (r = -0.061, p = 0.58). While a history of ON resulted in lower RNFL values than MS eyes without ON (p < 0.01), ON history did not influence the ONH FI between MS groups (p = 0.16). Nor did the presence of vascular risk factors correlate with ONH FI (p = 0.83). Conclusion People with MS have abnormal ONH FI independent of structural damage or vascular risk factors suggesting a unique role of microcirculation in the pathophysiology of MS. Study supported by: Medical Research Foundation of Oregon
Syntheses and chemical properties of β-nicotinamide riboside and its analogues and derivatives (2019)

The β-anomeric form of nicotinamide riboside (NR<sup>+</sup>) is a precursor for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>), a redox cofactor playing a critical role in cell metabolism. Recently, it has been demonstrated that its chloride salt (NR<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>-</sup>) has beneficial effects, and now NR<sup>+</sup>Cl<sup>-</sup> is available as a dietary supplement. Syntheses and studies of analogues and derivatives of NR<sup>+</sup> are of high importance to unravel the role of NR<sup>+</sup> in biochemical processes in living cells and to elaborate the next generation of NR<sup>+</sup> derivatives and conjugates with the view of developing novel drug and food supplement candidates. This review provides an overview of the synthetic approaches, the chemical properties, and the structural and functional modifications which have been undertaken on the nicotinoyl riboside scaffold.
Posterior tracheopexy for preterm infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia and severe tracheobronchomalacia: A case series (2022)

We report a series of four patients with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who underwent posterior tracheopexy for severe tracheomalacia (TM). While posterior tracheopexy is an established surgical treatment for TM associated with tracheoesophageal fistula, it has not been previously described in TM associated with BPD. There were no significant intraoperative or postoperative complications from the surgeries. Three of the four patients required tracheostomy and mechanical ventilation, which may reflect the degree of lung disease and other multisystem comorbidities in these patients. More investigation is needed to determine whether posterior tracheopexy is an effective surgical option for TM related to BPD.
142 GHz Multipath Propagation Measurements and Path Loss Channel Modeling in Factory Buildings (2023)

This paper presents sub-Terahertz (THz) radio propagation measurements at 142 GHz conducted in four factories with various layouts and facilities to explore sub-THz wireless channels for smart factories in 6G and beyond. Here we study spatial and temporal channel responses at 82 transmitter-receiver (TX-RX) locations across four factories in the New York City area and over distances from 5 m to 85 m in both line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) environments. The measurements were performed with a sliding-correlation-based channel sounder with 1 GHz RF bandwidth with steerable directional horn antennas with 27 dBi gain and 8\degree~half-power beamwidth at both TX and RX, using both vertical and horizontal antenna polarizations, yielding over 75,000 directional power delay profiles. Channel measurements of two RX heights at 1.5 m (high) emulating handheld devices and at 0.5 m (low) emulating automated guided vehicles (AGVs) were conducted for automated industrial scenarios with various clutter densities. Results yield the first path loss models for indoor factory (InF) environments at 142 GHz and show the low RX height experiences a mean path loss increase of 10.7 dB and 6.0 dB when compared with the high RX height at LOS and NLOS locations, respectively. Furthermore, flat and rotatable metal plates were leveraged as passive reflecting surfaces (PRSs) in channel enhancement measurements to explore the potential power gain on sub-THz propagation channels, demonstrating a range from 0.5 to 22 dB improvement with a mean of 6.5 dB in omnidirectional channel gain as compared to when no PRSs are present.
Site-Specific Conjugation to Native and Engineered Lysines in Human Immunoglobulins by Microbial Transglutaminase (2017)

The use of microbial transglutaminase (MTG) to produce site-specific antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) has thus far focused on the transamidation of engineered acyl donor glutamine residues in an antibody based on the hypothesis that the lower specificity of MTG for acyl acceptor lysines may result in the transamidation of multiple native lysine residues, thereby yielding heterogeneous products. We investigated the utilization of native IgG lysines as acyl acceptor sites for glutamine-based acyl donor substrates. Of the approximately 80 lysines in multiple recombinant IgG monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), none were transamidated. Because recombinant mAbs lack the C-terminal Lys447 due to cleavage by carboxypeptidase B in the production cell host, we explored whether blocking the cleavage of Lys447 by the addition of a C-terminal amino acid could result in transamidation of Lys447 by a variety of acyl donor substrates. MTG efficiently transamidated Lys447 in the presence of any nonacidic, nonproline amino acid residue at position 448. Lysine scanning mutagenesis throughout the antibody further revealed several transamidation sites in both the heavy- and light-chain constant regions. Additionally, scanning mutagenesis of the hinge region in a Fab' fragment revealed sites of transamidation that were not reactive in the context of the full-length mAb. Here, we demonstrate the utility of single lysine substitutions and the C-terminal Lys447 for engineering efficient acyl acceptor sites suitable for site-specific conjugation to a range of glutamine-based acyl donor substrates.
Supplementary Figure 6 from c-Src Modulates Estrogen-Induced Stress and Apoptosis in Estrogen-Deprived Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 82K, 6A, The c-Src inhibitor blocked tumor necrosis factor (TNF) super family genes induced by E2. MCF-7:5C cells were treated with vehicle (0.1% DMSO), E2 (10-9 mol/L), 4-OHT (10-6 mol/L), E2 (10-9 mol/L) plus 4-OHT (10-6 mol/L), PP2 (5x10-6 mol/L), E2 (10-9 mol/L) plus PP2 (5x10-6 mol/L) respectively for 72 hours. Cells were harvested in TRIzol. LTA (TNF super family member 1) gene was detected by real-time PCR. P&lt;0.001, ** compared with control. 6B, LTB (TNF super family member 3) gene was detected by real-time PCR. P&lt;0.001, ** compared with control. 6C, TNFα activated apoptotic pathways in MCF-7:5C cells. MCF-7:5C cells were treated with vehicle (H2O) and TNFα (5ng/mL) for 24 hours. Cell lysates were harvested. Pro-apoptotic pathways PARP and Caspase-9 were examined by immunoblotting with primary antibodies. Immunoblotting for beta-actin was detected for loading control. 6D, TNFα inhibited MCF-7:5C cell growth. MCF-7:5C cells were treated with vehicle (H2O) and TNFα (5ng/mL) for 7 days. Cells were harvested and total DNA was determined using a DNA fluorescence quantitation kit. P&lt;0.001, ** compared with control. All the data shown were representative of at least three separate experiments with similar results.&lt;/p&gt;
Electronic and optical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes under a uniform transverse electric field: A first-principles study (2009)

A systematic study on the effect of a transverse electric field on the optical properties of carbon nanotubes has been performed using density-functional calculations. The band gaps of the zigzag tubes decrease significantly as the electric field is increased. In the case of armchair tubes, the metallic band energy dispersion relation develops multivalleys at the Fermi level at high fields. The electric-field-induced changes in band dispersions lead to changes in optical properties as manifested in the dielectric functions. Some of the changes are not obvious. For example, a significant field-induced change in band gap can lead to small changes in dielectric functions in some special cases. Our results show that the armchair carbon nanotubes can be a promising material for electro-optical modulation device applications.
Errata: Optimization of the planar microcavity structure in bottom-emitting gallium nitride light-emitting diode (2014)

Some results in the previously published paper [Opt. Eng.. 52, (9 ), 091715 (2013)] had been incorrectly calculated. In this errata, the corrected results are shown and discussed. Here, the absorption of the dielectric reflector is considered, and the results are more accurate.
Effects of Dihydropyridine-Type Ca 2+ Antagonists on the Renal Arterial Tree in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2002)

The effects of hypertension and of treatment with dihydropyridine-type Ca2+ antagonists and the vasodilator hydralazine on renal arterial tree were investigated in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) with quantitative microanatomical techniques. Pharmacological treatment decreased to a similar extent systolic blood pressure values in SHR. Increased thickness of the tunica media of intrarenal arteries accompanied and luminal narrowing were observed in control SHR. Lercanidipine, manidipine, and nicardipine significantly countered wall thickening and luminal narrowing. Hydralazine countered luminal narrowing only. Dihydropyridines exerted renal vasocilatory activity primarily on resistance arteries, being lercanidipine the only compound active on small sized arteries.
Background calibration using noisy reference ADC for a 12 b 600 MS/s 2 × TI SAR ADC in 14nm CMOS FinFET (2017)

A 12 b 600 MS/s 2 × TI SAR ADC achieving 60 dB SNDR at Nyquist is presented. Time-interleaving errors are calibrated in the background by using a linear but noisy reference ADC. A test chip demonstrates that interleaving spurs are reduced to below −70 dBFS using an off-chip least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm. The reference ADC is an 8 b SAR with reduced sampling capacitance and input amplitude. This results in a low-power reference ADC with high bandwidth and low harmonic distortion. Linearity errors introduced by capacitor mismatch are reduced with dynamic element matching (DEM). The LMS algorithm also calibrates third-order harmonic distortion. The noise of the reference ADC is averaged in the LMS algorithm. Hence, it allows us to combine the high linearity of the reference ADC with the low-noise performance of the main ADC. The total power consumption, including clock generation and input buffers, is 38.5 mW. The reference ADC running at 200 MS/s contributes 2.2 mW to the total power.
Validity of Born-Markov master equations for single- and two-qubit systems (2021)

The urgent need for reliable simulation tools to match the extreme accuracy needed to control tailored quantum devices highlights the importance of understanding open quantum systems and their modeling. To this end, we compare here the commonly used Redfield and Lindblad master equations against numerically exact results in the case of one and two resonant qubits transversely coupled at a single point to a Drude-cut ohmic bath. All the relevant parameters are varied over a broad range, which allows us to give detailed predictions about the validity and physically meaningful applicability of the weak-coupling approaches. We characterize the accuracy of the approximate approaches by comparing the maximum difference of their system evolution superoperators with numerically exact results. After optimizing the parameters of the approximate models to minimize the difference, we also explore if and to what extent the weak-coupling equations can be applied at least as phenomenological models. Optimization may lead to an accurate reproduction of experimental data, but yet our results are important to estimate the reliability of the extracted parameter values such as the bath temperature. Our findings set general guidelines for the range of validity of the usual Born-Markov master equations and indicate that they fail to accurately describe the physics in a surprisingly broad range of parameters, in particular, at low temperatures. Since quantum-technological devices operate there, their accurate modeling calls for a careful choice of methods.
Matrix Isolation Studies of High Temperature Species (1979)

Studies of the spectroscopy of matrix isolated high temperature molecules have provided valuable insight into the bonding characteristics and reactivity of many high temperature species. Some of the more recent reviews and books which discuss matrix isolation applications and technique are referenced. This discussion concerns itself with the use of infrared and ESR isolation techniques as practiced in the Rice University laboratory. Possible new directions in matrix isolation are discussed.
Paving the way of systems biology and precision medicine in allergic diseases: the Me DALL success story (2016)

MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy; EU FP7-CP-IP; Project No: 261357; 2010-2015) has proposed an innovative approach to develop early indicators for the prediction, diagnosis, prevention and targets for therapy. MeDALL has linked epidemiological, clinical and basic research using a stepwise, large-scale and integrative approach: MeDALL data of precisely phenotyped children followed in 14 birth cohorts spread across Europe were combined with systems biology (omics, IgE measurement using microarrays) and environmental data. Multimorbidity in the same child is more common than expected by chance alone, suggesting that these diseases share causal mechanisms irrespective of IgE sensitization. IgE sensitization should be considered differently in monosensitized and polysensitized individuals. Allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization are often associated with the persistence or severity of allergic diseases. Environmental exposures are relevant for the development of allergy-related diseases. To complement the population-based studies in children, MeDALL included mechanistic experimental animal studies and in vitro studies in humans. The integration of multimorbidities and polysensitization has resulted in a new classification framework of allergic diseases that could help to improve the understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of allergy as well as to better manage allergic diseases. Ethics and gender were considered. MeDALL has deployed translational activities within the EU agenda.
Novel Class of Psychedelic Iboga Alkaloids Disrupts Opioid Use (2021)

Abstract Substance use and related mental health epidemics are causing increasing suffering and death in diverse communities. 1,2 Despite extensive efforts focused on developing pharmacotherapies for treating substance use disorders, there is an urgent need for radically different therapeutic approaches. 3,4 Ibogaine provides an important drug prototype in this direction, as a psychoactive iboga alkaloid suggested to have the ability to interrupt opioid use in drug-dependent humans. 5 However, ibogaine and its major metabolite noribogaine present considerable safety risk associated with cardiac arrhythmias. 6 We introduce a new class of iboga alkaloids - “oxa-iboga” - defined as benzofuran-containing iboga analogs and created via structural editing of the iboga skeleton. The oxa-iboga compounds act as potent kappa opioid receptor agonists in vitro and in vivo , but exhibit atypical behavioral features compared to standard kappa psychedelics. We show that oxa-noribogaine has greater therapeutic efficacy in rat models of opioid use, and no cardiac pro-arrhythmic potential, in contrast to noribogaine. Oxa-noribogaine induces long-lasting suppression of morphine and fentanyl intake after a single dose, persistent reduction of morphine intake and reinforcing efficacy after a short treatment regimen, and suppression of morphine and fentanyl drug seeking in relapse models. Oxa-noribogaine also induces a lasting elevation of neurotrophin proteins in the ventral tegmental area and medial prefrontal cortex, consistent with targeted neuroplasticity induction and alteration of addiction-like states. As such, oxa-iboga compounds represent candidates for a novel type of pharmacotherapy for treatment of opioid use disorder.
Favorable outcomes of adequate laser photocoagulation and salvage bevacizumab treatment for aggressive posterior retinopathy of prematurity (2018)

and Importance: Adequate laser treatment and salvage intravitreal bevacizumab achieved favorable anatomical and functional outcomes in AP-ROP patients with recurrence.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-12, Table Legends 1-4, Results from Cancer Vaccine Enhanced, Non–Tumor-Reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Exhibit a Distinct Molecular Program Associated with “Division Arrest Anergy” (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-12, Table Legends 1-4, Results from Cancer Vaccine Enhanced, Non–Tumor-Reactive CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T Cells Exhibit a Distinct Molecular Program Associated with “Division Arrest Anergy”
Measurement of cortical functional activation in awake mice using two-photon microscopy and a novel pO2-sensitive probe (Conference Presentation) (2017)

We characterized cortical microvascular PO2 and blood flow changes in response to whisker stimulation in awake mice. The measurements were performed by combining two-photon microscopy imaging of the cortical oxygenation and optical coherence tomography imaging of the cerebral blood flow. In order to perform fast spatio-temporally resolved measurements of PO2, we used a newly-developed oxygen-sensitive probe PtG-2P, which has significantly higher brightness than the established two-photon-enhanced oxygen sensor PtP-C343. We characterized the performance of the new probe in vivo and mapped the amplitudes and shapes (e.g. initial dip, overshoot, and post stimulus undershoot) of the PO2 changes as a function of the vessel type (e.g., arterioles, capillaries, and venules) and a distance from the activation center. The measurements in the awake mice are not affected by the confounding factors of anesthesia on the animal physiology, including the level of cerebral metabolism and the amplitude and speed of neuronal and vascular responses. Our results will help to understand changes in oxygenation and blood flow on the cortical microvascular scale, will lead to improved understanding of the cerebral physiology, pathophysiology and will improve quantitative interpretation of fMRI signals.
ChemInform Abstract: New Stereoselective Transformations Involving Organoboranes and Organozinc Compounds. Applications of the Boron—Zinc Chain Reaction and the Diastereoselective Migration of Organoboranes (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.