gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic studies in reduction and rearrangement (1978)

PART ONE SYNTHESIS AND ACID-CATALYSED REARRANGEMENT OF CYCLOPROPANE-1,2-DIOLS A number of cyclopropane-1,2-diyl diacetates have been synthesized by the anhydrous Clemmensen reduction [Zn(Hg)-HCl-organic solvent] of β-diketones and β-ketoaldehydes, and this reaction was found to be a general one for those substrates that did not exist mainly in the enol form. Cyclopropanediol formation does occur with some highly enolized compounds under aqueous conditions but, with the anhydrous system, enol acetate formation or enolic reduction was found to compete with reduction of the diketo form. Acid-catalysed rearrangement of the free diols generally gave α-hydroxy-ketones, or their corresponding αβ-unsaturated enones, with β-hydroxy-ketone formation only being observed with one substrate. A strong preference for methyl ketone formation was observed in all cases and this phenomenon was rationalized by consideration of the apparent relative thermodynamic stabilities of the α-ketol conjugate acids. PART TWO AROMATIZATION OF 2α-HYDROXY[4-13C]CHOLEST-4-EN-3-ONE The aromatization of 2α-hydroxy[4-13C]cholest-4-en-3-one has been found to occur with migration of the labelled carbon to C-10, thereby lending support to previous mechanistic proposals. The aromatization of [4-13C]cholesta-1,4-dien-3-one similarly gave a product with the label at C-10, in agreement with earlier work involving carbon-14 labelling studies. The ease with which these rearrangements could be studied is in marked contrast to earlier work, and the combination of carbon-13 labelling and 13C n.m.r. spectroscopy offers many advantages over the degradative techniques required with carbon-14 labelling. PART THREE CLEMMENSEN REDUCTION OF (5R)-5-HYDROXYHEXAN-2-ONE Previous work in this department suggested that the Clemmensen reduction of γ-substituted ketones involved an intramolecular displacement of the γ-substituent by the carbonyl oxygen atom. However, the reduction of (5R)-5-hydroxyhexan-2-one had given a mixture of hexan-2-ol and cis- and trans-hex-4-en-2-ol, with no inversion of stereochemistry occurring with the saturated isomer. The opposite signs of rotation for the two geometrically isomeric alkenols suggested the possibility of different chiralities, but this was disproved when the 2R-configuration was determined for each alcohol by analysis of the 1H n.m.r. spectra of the esters with (-)-(S)-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethyl-phenylacetic acid. This result thus invalidates the earlier hypothesis.
Proceedings of the Frontiers of Retrovirology Conference 2016 (2016)

Question: Foamy viruses (FV), and in particular PFV, have emerged in recent years as attractive gene therapy vector candidates. Since the lack of knowledge on molecular events in FV replication is a major hurdle for broader usage of foamy virus vectors, we aimed at elucidating PFV biology by investigating interactions of its capsid protein, Gag, with host cell components. Methodology and result: To this end, we identified members of the mammalian PLK family as PFV Gag interactants in a commercial yeasttwo-hybrid (Y2H) screen and validated these results in detailed Y2H experiments for PLK1-3. In the yeast system, the intact PLK kinase and substrate recognition motifs were required for interactions with PFV Gag, in which a unique S 224 -T-P 226 motif served as a PLK binding determinant. PFV Gag mutants harbouring alanine substitutions of STP residues (iSTP) or phosphomimetic mutations of the T 225 (pmSTP) failed to interact with PLK1-3 in yeast. These findings were corroborated by colocalization studies of ectopically expressed, fluorescently tagged proteins in mammalian cells, where mCherry-tagged PFV Gag was able to recruit eGFP-tagged PLK1 and 2 to condensed mitotic chromatin in an STP motif-dependent manner. When characterizing PFV virions containing wild type or STP mutant Gag proteins, we observed that the mutations did not interfere with particle assembly, release or reverse transcription, but led to a 70 % titer reduction relative to wild type in single-round infection experiments. These replication defects became more prominent in the replication-competent PFV context. Therefore, the lack of Gag STP mutant interaction with PLK proteins upon viral entry into host cells was likely underlying this replication deficit. This hypothesis was strengthened by the finding that enzymatic PLK inhibition in host cells during transduction with wild type PFV mimicked the replication phenotype of PFV STP mutants. In addition to the overall reduced infectivity of the mutants, we also observed that the STP mutations in particle-associated Gag lead to differential sensitivity to integrase inhibition by dolutegravir and resulted in decreased integration efficiency. Conclusions: Taken together, our results demonstrate that PLK proteins influence PFV replication by virtue of their interaction with the Gag protein, ensuring timely and efficient transduction.
Relative partition coefficients for organic solutes from fluid simulations (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative partition coefficients for organic solutes from fluid simulationsWilliam L. Jorgensen, James M. Briggs, and M. Leonor. ContrerasCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 4, 1683–1686Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100367a084https://doi.org/10.1021/j100367a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1798Altmetric-Citations473LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Experimental evaluation of curved polymer waveguides with air trenches and offsets (2006)

Excess waveguide bend loss can be minimized through the use of offsets and air trenches. Offsets, used for reducing the junction loss between straight and curved waveguides, and air trenches, which prevent bend radiation loss, were simulated by a three-dimensional, semivectorial beam propagation method. Low loss polymer waveguide bend structures, employing both offsets and trenches, were fabricated. A reduction of the 180° bend insertion loss from 17.7to3.0dB with a bending radius (BR) of 1.5mm is experimentally confirmed at λ=1.55μm. BR ranging from 5to0.5mm are evaluated with decent match when compared with simulation results. The polarization dependent loss is BR dependent with a maximum value of 0.4dB when the BR is reduced to 0.5mm. The experimental results confirm that the joint use of air trenches and junction offsets is effective in reducing the bend radii of low index contrast polymer waveguides in planar lightwave circuits.
The future of long haul optical fibers (2010)

Higher line rates in long haul systems is a trend that is expected to continue. Today we see the deployment of 40 Gb/s and the development of 100 Gb/s systems require higher optical signal to noise ratios. This trend puts more emphasis on the development of fibers with low attenuation and large effective area.
Applications of plasmonic hotspots on laser-treated AgOx thin film (2012)

The femto-second-laser-treated AgOx thin film is used as the plasmon-active substrate for the applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), molecule sensing, and photocatalyst. The proposed technique is helpful for the solar energy harvest, green energy source, and biosensing with high efficiency and throughput.
Automation of intersystem Electromagnetic Susceptibility testing on fighter aircrafts (2006)

Qualifying fighter aircraft for high power RF during Inter system Electromagnetic Compatibility is a elaborate, time consuming and challenging task. Any kind of error during testing may result in loss of costly instrumentation and safety hazard to the personnel involved in the test. This calls for automation of the entire test pattern. This paper brings about various features of the automation package developed for aircraft level radiated susceptibility checks, its features and benefits. The various GUIs developed have been presented and methodology for development of package has been dealt.
Wireless Personal Communications: Bluetooth Tutorial and Other Technologies (2000)

From the Publisher:
Wireless Personal Communications: Bluetooth Tutorial and Other Technologies presents a broad range of topics in wireless communications, including perspectives from both industry and academia. This book serves as a reflection of emerging technologies in wireless communications and features papers from world-renowned authors on the subject.
A new tutorial on the emerging Bluetooth technology is also presented.
Wireless Personal Communications: Bluetooth Tutorial and Other Technologies serves as an excellent reference and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject. It is an essential tool for graduate students, postgraduate researchers, academics, and anyone working in the research aspect of the wireless communications industry.
Technologies for Translational Imaging Using Generators in Oncology (2007)

Improvement of scintigraphic tumor imaging is extensively determined by the development of more tumor specific radiopharmaceuticals. Thus, to improve the differential diagnosis, prognosis, planning and monitoring of cancer treatment, several functional pharmaceuticals have been developed. The application of molecular targets for cancer imaging, therapy and prevention using generator-produced isotopes is the major focus of many ongoing research projects. Radionuclide imaging modalities (single photon emission computed tomography, SPECT; positron emission tomography, PET) are diagnostic cross-sectional imaging techniques that map the location and concentration of radionuclide-labeled radiotracers. Generator produced isotopes, such as 99mTc and 68Ga, are readily available and affordable. 99mTc (t1/2=6 hr; 140 keV) is used for SPECT and 68Ga (t1/2=68 min; 511 keV, 89%) is used for PET. 99mTc- and 68Ga-labeled agents using various chelators have been synthesized and their potential uses to assess tumor targets have been evaluated. Molecular targets labeled with 99mTc and 68Ga can be utilized for the prediction of therapeutic response, monitoring tumor response to treatment and aiding in the differential diagnosis of tumor versus non-tumor tissue. Molecular targets for oncological research in (1) cell apoptosis, (2) gene and nucleic acid-based approach, (3) angiogenesis (4) tumor hypoxia, and (5) metabolic imaging are discussed. Numerous imaging ligands in these categories have been developed and evaluated in animals and humans. Molecular targets were imaged and their potential to redirect optimal cancer diagnosis and therapeutics was demonstrated.
Pairing SDN with network virtualization: The network hypervisor placement problem (2015)

A network virtualization hypervisor for Software Defined Networking (SDN) is the essential component for the realization of virtual SDN networks (vSDNs). Virtualizing software defined networks enables tenants to bring their own SDN controllers in order to individually program the network control of their virtual SDN networks. A hypervisor acts as an intermediate layer between the tenant SDN controllers and their respective virtual SDN networks. The hypervisor consists of the network functions that are necessary for virtualization, e.g., translation or isolation functions. For scalability, the hypervisor can be realized via multiple physically distributed instances each hosting the needed virtualization functions. In this way, the physical locations of the instances, which realize the hypervisor, may impact the overall performance of the virtual SDN networks. Network virtualization adds new dimensions to the general SDN controller placement problem. This paper initiates the study of the network hypervisor placement problem (HPP). The HPP targets the following questions: How many hypervisor instances are needed? Where should the hypervisor instances be placed in the network? For our study of the HPP, we provide a mathematical model that solves the HPP for a case where node and link capacity constraints are not considered. We propose four latency metrics for optimizing placement solutions based on our model for vSDNs. Covering a real network topology, our evaluation quantifies the trade-offs between the new metrics when used as objectives. Furthermore, we analyze the impact of the physical network topology on the optimization results and identify potentials for improvement, e.g., in terms of runtime.
Proximity Detection with Single-Antenna IoT Devices (2018)

Close physical proximity among wireless devices that have never shared a secret key is sometimes used as a basis of trust. In these cases, devices in close proximity are deemed trustworthy while more distant devices are viewed as potential adversaries. Because radio waves are invisible, however, a user may believe a wireless device is communicating with a nearby device when in fact the user's device is communicating with a distant adversary. Researchers have previously proposed methods for multi-antenna devices to ascertain physical proximity with other devices, but devices with a single antenna, such as those commonly used in the Internet of Things, cannot take advantage of these techniques. We investigate a method for a single-antenna Wi-Fi device to quickly determine proximity with another Wi-Fi device. Our approach leverages the repeating nature Wi-Fi's preamble and the characteristics of a transmitting antenna's near field to detect proximity with high probability. Our method never falsely declares proximity at ranges longer than 14 cm.
Analgesic Efficacy of Controlled‐Release Oxycodone in Postoperative Pain (1996)

The efficacy and safety of graded doses (10, 20, and 30 mg) of controlled-release (CR) oxycodone was compared with that of immediate-release (IR) oxycodone (15 mg), immediate-release oxycodone 10 mg in combination with acetaminophen 650 mg (APAP), and placebo in a single-dose, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study. The participants, 182 inpatients experiencing moderate to severe pain after abdominal or gynecologic surgery, provided hourly ratings of pain intensity and relief for 12 hours after administration. All active treatments were significantly superior to placebo for many hourly measurements and for the sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) and total pain relief (TOTPAR). A dose response was found among the three levels of CR oxycodone for pain relief and peak pain intensity difference (PID), with the 20- and 30-mg doses being significantly better than the 10-mg dose. For all active treatments, peak PID and peak pain relief occurred approximately 2 to 4 hours after administration. The median time to onset of relief was 32 minutes for oxycodone plus APAP, 41 minutes for IR oxycodone, and 46 minutes for CR oxycodone 30 mg. Duration of pain relief showed that the 10-, 20-, and 30-mg doses of CR oxycodone had durations of action of 10 to 12 hours compared with IR oxycodone and oxycodone plus APAP (both approximately 7 hours). Typical adverse events, particularly somnolence, occurred in all active treatment groups. Treatment with CR oxycodone was safe and effective in this study, and its characteristics will be beneficial in the treatment of pain.
Abstract 329: Highly potent and selective ATM kinase inhibitor M3541: A clinical candidate drug with strong antitumor activity in combination with radiotherapy (2018)

Abstract M3541 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of the Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase (IC50 &amp;lt; 1 nM), which targets tumor cell survival and growth by inhibiting double-strand break (DSB) repair as well as checkpoint control. DSB repair is crucial for survival of malignant tumor cells, especially under treatment with DNA damaging chemo- and radiotherapy. As such, the rationale of pharmacological inhibition of ATM is to increase and maintain the extent of unrepaired DNA damage generated by radio-, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies to drive tumor cells into cell death. We have developed an orally administered, sub-nanomolar potent &amp; selective kinase inhibitor of ATM, M3541, for cancer therapy in combination with DNA damaging modalities. Here, we present the optimization of initial hit matter &amp; its structure-activity relationships leading to our clinical candidate M3541, its chemical structure (first-time disclosure) &amp; preclinical characterization using biochemical, cellular &amp; human tumor xenograft models. M3541 sensitizes tumor cell lines to radiation therapy in vitro and strongly enhances the anti-tumor activity of ionizing radiation in vivo. These effects are due to the inhibition of ATM kinase activity as demonstrated by the levels of the phosphorylation of its primary downstream target CHK2 in human tumor cell lines. M3541 is currently being investigated in a multicenter Ph I clinical trial. Citation Format: Thomas Fuchss, Werner W. Mederski, Frank T. Zenke, Heike Dahmen, Astrid Zimmermann, Andree Blaukat. Highly potent and selective ATM kinase inhibitor M3541: A clinical candidate drug with strong antitumor activity in combination with radiotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 329.
Differentiation between Focal Malignant Marrow-Replacing Lesions and Benign Red Marrow Deposition of the Spine with T2*-Corrected Fat-Signal Fraction Map Using a Three-Echo Volume Interpolated Breath-Hold Gradient Echo Dixon Sequence (2014)

Fat-signal fraction measurement using T2*-corrected three-echo VIBE Dixon sequence is feasible and has a more accurate diagnostic performance, than the CER, in distinguishing benign red marrow deposition from malignant bone marrow-replacing lesions.
Data dependent keying for wireless networks (2003)

The failure of the 802.11 WEP security specifications to provide any reasonable level of security has come under sharp criticism recently. In this paper we propose a novel scheme for providing security in both a base station based, as well as an ad hoc network environment. Our proposed scheme uses data exchanged between communicating peers to evolve per packet keys. In addition to the concept of data dependent keying (DDK) we include other well known security primitives such as SHA-1 based HMAC and RC4 encryption to provide a complete security solution for wireless networks. We argue that our scheme provides an adequate security/overhead tradeoff, and can be easily implemented in current hardware platforms. In addition, the low overhead characteristic as well as the use of symmetric cryptographic functions makes the scheme an attractive option for sensor networks, where energy efficiency is a primary objective.
Effects of habitat and introduced mammalian predators on the breeding success of Yellow-eyed Penguins Megadyptes antipodes, South Island, New Zealand (1999)

The endemic Yellow-eyed Penguin Megadyptes antipodes is threatened by habitat loss and introduced predators on mainland New Zealand. Nine colonies in the Catlins (south-east coast of South Island) were studied to measure breeding success, penguin abundance, and predator abundance in three successive breeding seasons (1991/92 to 1993/94). Nest numbers increased in all nine colonies in the three years despite predation (probably by Stoats Mustefa erminea) being the most important cause of breeding failure. Larger colonies with higher breeding success were in small gullies with limited shrubs and bushes rather than in the most intact mature forest colonies hitherto assumed to be optimal habitat for the birds. Penguin nests were concentrated near the forest edge, but predators were not, so the predation risk was not elevated near the forest edge. Fragmentation of the original forest habitat had no observable adverse effect on breeding success. Stoats dominated the predator guild, while Ferrets M. furo and Feral Cats Felis catus were rare. Trapping to kill predators early in the season had no marked effect on subsequent predation losses, but trapping intervention when a predation outbreak occurred curtailed further chick deaths. A simple population model predicts that Yellow-eyed Penguins populations will grow provided the average total chicks loss is less than 43% per season, or at least 0.85 chick per nest fledges each year. This requires predation losses to be less than 34%.
Microstructure Development and Its Effects on the Electrical Properties in Epitaxially Grown In-Situ Boron and Carbon (co)-doped Highly Strained High Percentage Silicon-Germanium Layers (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Applications of oxygen for NOx control and CO2 capture in coal-fired power plants (2006)

Two promising combustion modification approaches applicable to pulverized coal fired boilers are presented: "Oxygen-Enriched Combustion" (OEC) for NOx control and "Oxy-Combustion" (PC-OC) for CO2 capture. Oxygen-enriched air rather than air is used as an oxidizer in the OEC technology. Unlike flue gas treatment technologies, OEC directly impacts the NOx formation process by significantly reducing the conversion of coal bound nitrogen to NOx. Pilot-scale and full-scale tests have shown 20 to 30% NOx reduction from an optimized staged-air baseline. In addition to the overall cost competitiveness and the reduced capital requirements, other significant advantages of the O2-enriched technology vs. existing low NOx technologies are presented. The PC-OC technology is shown as a cost-effective technology for CO2 capture from existing or new coal-fired power plants. Pure oxygen diluted in recycled flue gases is used as an oxidizer. The process has been successfully demonstrated and extensively characterized at pilot-scale level (1.5 MWt). The tests have shown substantial benefits of the PC-OC technology, in terms of NOx reduction (60-70% from air-baseline), overall plant efficiency, etc. The cost effectiveness of this capture technology compared to competitive amine scrubbing technology was investigated. The cost of CO2 avoided was around $36/ton for the new PC-OC cases, about $48/ton on a retrofit PC-OC case, which is about 25 to 40% cheaper than the amine scrubbing system. Those numbers were calculated for sub-critical units and include the cost of CO2 compression up to 80 bar. .
Single acquisition polarisation imaging with digitalholography (1999)

A demonstration of the ability of digital holography to image and to measure spatial variations of the polarisation of an object wave with a single image acquisition is presented. This is achieved by recording a hologram with two reference beams presenting orthogonal polarisations and different propagation directions. A CCD camera is used to record the hologram and the reconstruction is performed numerically.