gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges of today for Na-based batteries of the future: From materials to cell metrics (2020)

Several emerging battery technologies are currently on endeavour to take a share of the dominant position taken by Li-ion batteries in the field of energy storage. Among them, sodium-based batteries offer a combination of attractive properties i.e., low cost, sustainable precursors and secure raw material supplies. Na-based batteries include related battery concepts, such as Na-ion, all solid-state Na batteries, Na/O2 and Na/S, that differ in key components and in redox chemistry, and therefore result in separate challenges and metrics. Na-ion batteries represent an attractive solution which is almost ready to challenge Li-ion technology in certain applications; the other cell concepts represent a more disruptive innovation, with a higher performance gain, provided that major hurdles are overcome. The present review aims at highlighting the most promising materials in the field of Nabased batteries and challenges needed to be addressed to make this technology industrially appealing, by providing an in-depth analysis of performance metrics from recent literature. To this end, half-cell reported metrics have been extrapolated to full cell level for the more mature Na-ion technology to provide a fair comparison with existing technologies.
Stereomutation in optically active regioregular polythiophenes (1995)

π‐conjugated polymers substituted with optically active side chains (see Figure) have been studied using circular dichroism, a powerful technique which reveals conformational changes. Thermochroism with a unique stereomutation (see this month's cover also) has been observed in regioregular chiral polythiophenes. magnified image
F-enhanced morphological and thermal stability of NiSi films on BF2+-implanted Si(001) (2002)

The morphological and thermal stability of conducting NiSi films formed on Si(001) are significantly enhanced by pre-implantation of the Si wafer with BF2+. In the absence of F, the maximum silicidation temperature Tmax is 650 °C; higher temperatures lead to the formation of the competing high-resistivity NiSi2 phase. Tmax, however, is increased to ⩾750 °C during NiSi formation on Si(001) implanted with 20 keV BF2+ at a dose of 5×1015 cm−2. The observed enhancement in NiSi thermal stability is due to F segregation to the silicide/Si(001) interface and silicide grain boundaries, which retards NiSi grain growth, leading to much smoother layers, and inhibits NiSi2 nucleation.
BioSPICE: Access to the Most Current Computational Tools for Biologists (2003)

The goal of the BioSPICE program is to create a framework that provides biologists access to the most current computational tools. At the program midpoint, the BioSPICE member community has produced a software system that comprises contributions from approximately 20 participating laboratories integrated under the BioSPICE Dashboard and a methodology for continued software integration. These contributed software modules are the BioSPICE Dashboard, a graphical environment that combines Open Agent Architecture and NetBeans software technologies in a coherent, biologist-friendly user interface. The current Dashboard permits data sources, models, simulation engines, and output displays provided by different investigators and running on different machines to work together across a distributed, heterogeneous network. Among several other features, the Dashboard enables users to create graphical workflows by configuring and connecting available BioSPICE components. Anticipated future enhancements to BioSPICE include a notebook capability that will permit researchers to browse and compile data to support model building, a biological model repository, and tools to support the development, control, and data reduction of wet-lab experiments. In addition to the BioSPICE software products, a project website supports information exchange and community building.
Return of individual research results: What do participants prefer and expect? (2021)

Newer data platforms offer increased opportunity to share multidimensional health data with research participants, but the preferences of participants for which data to receive and how is evolving. Our objective is to describe the preferences and expectations of participants for the return of individual research results within Project Baseline Health Study (PBHS). The PBHS is an ongoing, multicenter, longitudinal cohort study with data from four initial enrollment sites. PBHS participants are recruited from the general population along with groups enriched for heart disease and cancer disease risk. Cross-sectional data on return of results were collected in 2017-2018 from an (1) in-person enrollment survey (n = 1,890), (2) benchmark online survey (n = 1,059), and (3) participant interviews (n = 21). The main outcomes included (1) preferences for type of information to be added next to returned results, (2) participant plans for sharing returned results with a non-study clinician, and (3) choice to opt-out of receiving genetic results. Results were compared by sociodemographic characteristics. Enrollment and benchmark survey respondents were 57.1% and 53.5% female, and 60.0% and 66.2% white, respectively. Participants preferred the following data types be added to returned results in the future: genetics (29.9%), heart imaging, (16.4%), study watch (15.8%), and microbiome (13.3%). Older adults (OR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41-0.87) were less likely to want their genetic results returned next. Forty percent of participants reported that they would not share all returned results with their non-study clinicians. Black (OR 0.64, 95% CI 0.43-0.95) and Asian (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.30-0.73) participants were less likely, and older participants more likely (OR 1.45-1.61), to plan to share all results with their clinician than their counterparts. At enrollment, 5.8% of participants opted out of receiving their genetics results. The study showed that substantial heterogeneity existed in participant's preferences and expectations for return of results, and variations were related to sociodemographic characteristics.
Molecular MRI of myocardial peroxidase activity in ischemic injury reveals a chemical milieu incompatible with stem cell survival (2016)

Background The delivery of stem cells to the myocardium after ischemic injury has the potential to prevent left ventricular remodeling and heart failure. Ischemic injury, however, elicits a robust inflammatory response and the release of cytotoxic substances from infiltrating leucocytes. We aimed here to use a myeloperoxidase activatable gadolium chelate (MPO-Gd) [1], to quantify peroxidase activity in the myocardium in vivo after ischemic injury. We further aimed to determine, using bioluminescence imaging, whether the detected levels of MPO were compatible with cell survival.
Targeting the cyclin dependent kinase and retinoblastoma axis overcomes standard of care resistance in BRAFV600E-mutant melanoma (2017)

Patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) mouse models were used to discover new therapies for naïve and drug resistant <i>BRAF</i><sup><i>V600E</i></sup> -mutant melanoma. Tumor histology, oncogenic protein expression, and antitumor activity were comparable between patient and PDTX-matched models thereby validating PDTXs as predictive preclinical models of therapeutic response in patients. PDTX models responsive and non-responsive to BRAF/MEK standard of care (SOC) therapy were used to identify efficacious combination therapies. One such combination includes a CDK4/6 inhibitor that blocks cell cycle progression. The rationale for this is that the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) is 95% wildtype in <i>BRAF</i> mutant melanoma. We discovered that 77/77 stage IV metastatic melanoma tissues were positive for inactive phosphorylated pRb (pRb-Ser780). Rb is hyperphosphorylated and inactivated by CDK4/6:cyclin D1 and when restored to its hypophosphorylated active form blocks cell cycle progression. The addition of a CDK4/6 inhibitor to SOC therapy was superior to SOC. Importantly, triple therapy in an upfront treatment and salvage therapy setting provided sustained durable response. We also showed that CDK4/6 blockade resensitized drug resistant melanoma to SOC therapy. Durable response was associated with sustained suppression of pRb-Ser780. Thus, reactivation of pRb may prove to be a clinical biomarker of response and the mechanism responsible for durable response. In light of recent clinical trial data using this triple therapy against <i>BRAF</i><sup><i>V600E</i></sup> -mutant melanoma, our findings demonstrating superior and prolonged durable response in PDTX models portend use of this therapeutic strategy against naïve and SOC resistant <i>BRAF</i><sup><i>V600E</i></sup> -mutant metastatic melanoma coupled with pRB-Ser780 as a biomarker of response.
Toxicogenomics and Classic Toxicology: How to Improve Prediction and Mechanistic Understanding of Human Toxicity (2008)

The field of toxicogenomics has been advancing during the past decade or so since its origin. Most pharmaceutical companies are using it in one or more ways to improve their productivity and supplement their classic toxicology studies. Acceptance of toxicogenomics will continue to grow as regulatory concerns are addressed, proof of concept studies are disseminated more fully, and internal case studies show value for the use of this new technology in concert with classic testing.
Introduction to Digital Image Processing (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Digital Images and Systems RGB Color Spaces and Color Filter Array Interpolation Color Spaces YCbCr Subsampled Color Spaces Color Balance and Correction Image Histogram Image Filtering Image Filtering Using Fast Convolution Practical Applications Experiments and Program Examples References Exercises
Randomized Sinc Interpolation Of Nonuniform Samples (2009)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Glasgow, Scotland, 2009
HLA typing and immunological characterization of young‐onset diabetes mellitus in a Hong Kong Chinese population (2001)

Seven subjects with Type 2 diabetes at presentation had autoantibodies to GAD. Causes other than GAD autoimmunity, however, must be sought to explain the high prevalence of insulin deficiency observed in the Chinese patients. This study highlights the heterogeneity of the pathogenic processes leading to the diabetic phenotype.
Characterizing and modeling electrical response to light for metal-based EUV photoresists (2016)

Metal-based photoresists are appealing for use in EUV lithography due to their improved etch resistance and absorption compared with organic resists, and due to their resolving power demonstrated with 13.53 nm exposures using synchrotron light. Recently imec has started a new project to study novel photoresists for EUV lithography, with particular attention to metal containing materials, in order to explore alternative approaches that may offer superior characteristics in photoresist imaging and etching performance compared with more mature chemically amplified resists. In order to model these novel resists it is mandatory to understand both the optical properties and the electronic response to photon absorption. As in previous experiments on organic materials, some of the optical properties can be determined by merging analysis from high-energy electron scattering models (e.g. CXRO website), X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and DUV spectroscopic ellipsometry. Dispersion curves can be used to calculate the electronic inelastic and elastic mean-free paths; convolved with the expected spectrum at wafer level it is possible to estimate the electron yield and the secondary electron blur of the photoresist. These material properties can be used to modify the physical models currently used to simulate organic photoresist performance in computational lithography software.
New facile and convenient synthesis of bispolyazamacrocycles using Boc protection. Determination of geometric parameters of dinuclear copper(II) complexes using ESR spectroscopy and molecular mechanics calculations (1996)

Une nouvelle voie d'acces a des bis-polyazamacrocycles est decrite. Elle est realisee par condensation d'un intermediaire N,N'N-triboctetraazamacrocycle ou N,N'-diboctriazamacrocycle avec un derive bis-electrophile de l'o-, m-, p-zylene, ou de l'anthracene. L'utilisation du groupement protecteur tert-butyloxycarbonyle (Boc), aisement elimine par action de HCl 6 M ou du TFA, permet d'obtenir les synthons proteges. Les derives bismacrocycliques pontes par un groupement anthracenyle ou o-zylenyle sont prepares au depart des precurseurs dichlorure d'acide : les diamides ainsi formes sont reduits par BH 3 -THF puis la deprotection est effectuee par un traitement acide. La N-alkylation des macrocycles proteges par le 1,3- ou 1,4-bis(bromomethyl)benzene conduit aux bis-macrocycles correspondants, et les composes cibles sont obtenus apres acidification du milieu. Des mesures par RPE de la distance spin-spin pour les complexes de cuivre ont ete effectuees en evaluant le rapport entre l'intensite de la transition interdite et celle des transitions permises. Des calculs de mecanique moleculaire permettent egalement d'evaluer la distance Cu-Cu, en utilisant un champ de force base sur de nouvelles regles generant ses parametres.
A similarity-based Bayesian mixture-of-experts model (2023)

Abstract We present a new nonparametric mixture-of-experts model for multivariate regression problems, inspired by the probabilistic k -nearest neighbors algorithm. Using a conditionally specified model, predictions for out-of-sample inputs are based on similarities to each observed data point, yielding predictive distributions represented by Gaussian mixtures. Posterior inference is performed on the parameters of the mixture components as well as the distance metric using a mean-field variational Bayes algorithm accompanied with a stochastic gradient-based optimization procedure. The proposed method is especially advantageous in settings where inputs are of relatively high dimension in comparison to the data size, where input–output relationships are complex, and where predictive distributions may be skewed or multimodal. Computational studies on five datasets, of which two are synthetically generated, illustrate clear advantages of our mixture-of-experts method for high-dimensional inputs, outperforming competitor models both in terms of validation metrics and visual inspection.
Identifying Profitable Specialization in Object-Oriented Languages (1994)

The performance of object-oriented languages can be greatly improved if methods can be specialized for particular classes of arguments. Such specialization can provide the compiler with enough class information about the receivers of messages within the specialized routine to enable these messages to be statically-bound to their target methods and subsequently inlined. We present an algorithm for automatically determining which methods are most profitable to specialize for which argument classes. This algorithm improves on previous automatic techniques by avoiding the twin problems of over- and underspecialization and by being suitable for specializing programs that use multi-methods. 1 Introduction Object-oriented languages are useful for implementing abstractions and structuring programs to be more extensible and maintainable. One of the key reasons is dynamic binding (also known as message passing). Unfortunately, dynamic binding is slow, compared with a simple procedure call. In ...
Ca2+–Secretion Coupling Is Impaired in Diabetic Goto Kakizaki rats (2007)

The Goto Kakizaki (GK) rat is a widely used animal model to study defective glucose-stimulated insulin release in type-2 diabetes (T2D). As in T2D patients, the expression of several proteins involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis of insulin-containing large dense-core vesicles is dysregulated in this model. So far, a defect in late steps of insulin secretion could not be demonstrated. To resolve this apparent contradiction, we studied Ca(2+)-secretion coupling of healthy and GK rat beta cells in acute pancreatic tissue slices by assessing exocytosis with high time-resolution membrane capacitance measurements. We found that beta cells of GK rats respond to glucose stimulation with a normal increase in the cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration. During trains of depolarizing pulses, the secretory activity from GK rat beta cells was defective in spite of upregulated cell size and doubled voltage-activated Ca(2+) currents. In GK rat beta cells, evoked Ca(2+) entry was significantly less efficient in triggering release than in nondiabetic controls. This impairment was neither due to a decrease of functional vesicle pool sizes nor due to different kinetics of pool refilling. Strong stimulation with two successive trains of depolarizing pulses led to a prominent activity-dependent facilitation of release in GK rat beta cells, whereas secretion in controls was unaffected. Broad-spectrum inhibition of PKC sensitized Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis, whereas it prevented the activity-dependent facilitation in GK rat beta cells. We conclude that a decrease in the sensitivity of the GK rat beta-cell to depolarization-evoked Ca(2+) influx is involved in defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, we discuss a role for constitutively increased activity of one or more PKC isoenzymes in diabetic rat beta cells.
Octave-spanning ultrafast OPO with 26-61µm instantaneous bandwidth pumped by femtosecond Tm-fiber laser (2012)

We report the extension of broadband degenerate OPO operation further into mid-infrared. A femtosecond thulium fiber laser with output centered at 2050 nm synchronously pumps a 500-μm-long crystal of orientation patterned GaAs providing broadband gain centered at 4.1 µm. We observe a pump threshold of 17 mW and output bandwidth extending from 2.6 to 6.1 µm at the -30 dB level. Average output power was 37 mW. Appropriate resonator group dispersion is a key factor for achieving degenerate operation with instantaneously broad bandwidth. The output spectrum is very sensitive to absorption and dispersion introduced by molecular species inside the OPO cavity.
How to Undo Things with Codes: New Writing Mechanisms and the Un/archivable Dis/appearing text (2014)

The discourses of criticism are being transformed at the same time that our writing mechanisms are undergoing a major change. Reflecting on the relationship between our writing tools and our perceptions and taking programmability and interactivity as the main characteristics of new writing media, this essay attempts an approach to how that which is new in scriptural techniques, that is to say, programmability and interactivity, are undoing our perception of such notions as the archive and embodiment. The two works which are here commented contain the conditions of unwriting their written trace; the interactor who makes the text appear paradoxically also causes its disappearance by acts of destruction or dispersion. In the case of AGRIPPA (A Book of The Dead), William Gibson reserves for the reader the role of the destructor of the text through an extreme gesture of interaction which destines the work to erasure and calls for the retrieval of a text that contains the conditions of its own death. In the case of Garry Hill‘s Writing Corpora, the body‘s acts are created of, create and are turned against writing, they embody and disperse the writing traces, while the body experiences the shift from inscription to embodiment.
0985. Open lung ventilation improves conditions for right ventricle performance by decreasing pulmonary vascular wave reflections in an experimental model of ARDS (2014)

Impaired right ventricle (RV) function is associated with worse outcome in ARDS. Pulmonary artery pressure waveform analysis provides information about phenomena that affect RV performance. In particular, pulmonary vascular wave reflection (WR) is directly related with RV stress. We hypothesised that open lung ventilation (OLV), compared with conventional ARDS-net ventilation (CV), would improve conditions for RV performance in an ARDS model. This hypothesis was tested by measuring pulmonary vascular wave reflection (WR).
Vaccines Against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: An Overview from Preclinical Animal Studies to the Clinic (2012)

The bacille Calmette-Gurin (BCG) vaccine, derived from an attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, has been used to vaccinate over 3 billion people throughout the world
Principal factors that determine the extension of detection range in molecular beacon aptamer/conjugated polyelectrolyte bioassays (2015)

A strategy to extend the detection range of weakly-binding targets is reported that takes advantage of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based bioassays based on molecular beacon aptamers (MBAs) and cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs). In comparison to other aptamer-target pairs, the aptamer-based adenosine triphosphate (ATP) detection assays are limited by the relatively weak binding between the two partners. In response, a series of MBAs were designed that have different stem stabilities while keeping the constant ATP-specific aptamer sequence in the loop part. The MBAs are labeled with a fluorophore and a quencher at both termini. In the absence of ATP, the hairpin MBAs can be opened by CPEs <i>via</i> a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions, showing a FRET-sensitized fluorophore signal. In the presence of ATP, the aptamer forms a G-quadruplex and the FRET signal decreases due to tighter contact between the fluorophore and quencher in the ATP/MBA/CPE triplex structure. The FRET-sensitized signal is inversely proportional to [ATP]. The extension of the detection range is determined by the competition between opening of the ATP/MBA G-quadruplex by CPEs and the composite influence by ATP/aptamer binding and the stem interactions. With increasing stem stability, the weak binding of ATP and its aptamer is successfully compensated to show the resistance to disruption by CPEs, resulting in a substantially broadened detection range (from millimolar up to nanomolar concentrations) and a remarkably improved limit of detection. From a general perspective, this strategy has the potential to be extended to other chemical- and biological-assays with low target binding affinity.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Dasatinib (BMS-354825) Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells Dependent on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling for Survival (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Dasatinib (BMS-354825) Selectively Induces Apoptosis in Lung Cancer Cells Dependent on Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling for Survival