gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Experimental and Numerical Study of Transversal Dispersion of Granular Material on a Vibrating Conveyor (2008)

The mixing of thin granular layers transported on the surface of an oscillating trough is experimentally and numerically examined. The particle dispersion was experimentally quantified by an image processing system recording the growth of the mixing layer thickness of two differently colored but otherwise identical sand particle streams along the longitudinal position within the transporting channel. Granular flow and dispersion on the vibrating conveyor were studied numerically based on a three-dimensional discrete element code. Both experiments and simulations were used to derive quantities characterizing the transversal dispersion. The mixing was found to be directly proportional to the vertical acceleration of the conveyor and inversely proportional to the mass flow of the transported material. Keeping the above-mentioned parameters constant, the dispersion increases with increasing mean particle diameter. When performing the experiments with materials of different mean particle diameters and tuning the mass flow to achieve the same level of dimensionless bed height, the magnitude of the dispersion coefficient remains constant, as was also confirmed by the numerical simulation.
Increasing oxygenation and radiation sensitivity following photodynamic therapy with verteporfin in the RIF-1 tumor (2003)

The combination of verteporfin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) wiht radiaiton therapy from an orthovoltage device has been examiend in the radiation induced fibrosarcoma tumor model. PDT with verteporfin using a 3 hour delay between injection and the time of optical irradiation has been shown to cause a significant rise in overlal tumor oxygenation. It was huypothesized that this mechanism arises from the reduced oxygen consumption from cells where the PDT has targeted the mitochondria and shut down cellular respiration. Tumor blood flow was measured and found to be still be patent immediately following therapy. This increasing oxygenation was thought to provide an opportunity to increase the radiation sensitivity of the tumor immediately following PDT. When this type of treatment was combined with radiation therapy, a delay in the tumor regrowth time demonstrated that the combined effect was greater than additive. Further study of this phenomenon will provide a more complete mechanistic understanding of the effect and possibly provide a viable pre-treatment for radiation therapy of tumore that increases the therapeutic ratio. This effect could be used to either increase the radiaton dose without increasing the side effects or decrease the dose needed for the same effect on the tumor.
Choroba Kimury u chłopca z zespołem nerczycowym – opis przypadku i przegląd piśmiennictwa (2013)

Kimura disease is a rare, benign, chronic disease of unknown etiology. It is characterized by recurrent tumor-like lesions in the soft tissues localized mainly in the head and neck region with peripheral eosinophilia, and elevated serum total IgE levels. The diagnosis is confirmed by histopathological examination. Kimura disease may be associated with glomerulonephritis. This disease usually occurs in men, mainly of Asian origin in the second and third decade of life. In this report, the authors present a case of 15-year-old boy treated for nephrotic syndrome. During hospitalization, peripheral lymphadenopathy was observed in the pericubital area of both forearms. It was diagnosed for the first time in June 2010 and in December 2010, the histopathology defined it as reactive lymphadenopathy. Considering the late onset of the nephrotic syndrome after 12th year of life with the simultaneously present peripheral lymphadenopathy the decision of repeated oncological screening was made to exclude neoplastic transformation. In the second lymph node histopathological examination the characteristic picture for Kimura disease was obtained. The authors emphasize very rarely occurring diseases, atypical for the local population and the age of onset, may create difficulties both for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in pediatric practice.
Extreme scale computing: Modeling the impact of system noise in multicore clustered systems (2010)

System noise or Jitter is the activity of hardware, firmware, operating system, runtime system, and management software events. It is shown to disproportionately impact application performance in current generation large-scale clustered systems running general-purpose operating systems (GPOS). Jitter mitigation techniques such as co-scheduling jitter events across operating systems improve application performance but their effectiveness on future petascale systems is unknown. To understand if existing co-scheduling solutions enable scalable petascale performance, we construct two complementary jitter models based on detailed analysis of system noise from the nodes of a large-scale system running a GPOS. We validate these two models using experimental data from a system consisting of 128 GPOS instances with 4096 CPUs. Based on our models, we project a minimum slowdown of 2.1%, 5.9%, and 11.5% for applications executing on a similar one petaflop system running 1024 GPOS instances and having global synchronization operations once every 1000 msec, 100 msec, and 10 msec, respectively. Our projections indicate that additional system noise mitigation techniques are required to contain the impact of jitter on multi-petaflop systems, especially for tightly synchronized applications.
BioMEMS and microfluidics applications of surface micromachining technology (2002)

In the last decade, examples of devices manufactured with SUMMiT technology have demonstrated the capabilities of polysilicon surface micromachining. Currently we are working on enhancements to this technology to enable Microfluidics and BioMEMS. The goal is to ultimately provide functionality that is not feasible with other microfabrication technologies. The enhancements build on the key features of surface micromachining: manufacturability and compatibility with CMOS processing, and allow us to leverage the investment already made in the microelectronics processing technology.
Impact of HFE gene variants on iron overload, overall survival and leukemia-free survival in myelodysplastic syndromes. (2021)

Although iron overload is a clinical challenge, little is known about the clinical impact of <i>HFE</i>-variants in myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) to date. We analyzed the <i>HFE</i> status in 167 MDS patients and 494 healthy controls. One or more of the 3 <i>HFE</i>-variants (H63D, C282Y, S65C) were found in 65/167 (38.9%) MDS patients and in 164/494 (33.2%) controls. At diagnosis, the median serum ferritin levels were higher in MDS patients with <i>HFE</i>-variants (409 µg/L; range: 23-7415) compared to those without <i>HFE</i>-variants (346.5 µg/L; range: 10-5450) (P=0.62). Moreover, '<i>HFE</i>-mutated' patients had a slightly faster increase in serum ferritin in follow up examinations. The percentage of patients with <i>HFE</i>-variants was higher in refractory anemia (RA) (22/53=41.5%) or RA with ring sideroblasts (RARS) (17/39=43.6%) compared to RA with excess of blasts (RAEB) (16/46=34.8%) or RAEB in transformation (RAEB-T) (5/17=29.4%). Differences were also detectable when comparing low- and high-risk MDS variants defined by the World Health Organization classification. There was no significant correlation between <i>HFE</i>-variants and MDS-related somatic mutations. Progression-free survival was substantially longer in patients with <i>HFE</i>-variants compared to those without <i>HFE</i>-variants H63D and C282Y (P=0.089). Together, the <i>HFE</i>-variants H63D and C282Y are frequently detected in Austrian MDS patients. These patients have substantially higher ferritin levels at diagnosis, accumulate iron slightly faster and have a better progression-free survival than non-mutated patients.
Evaluation of some dietary treatments designed to reduce the incidence of swine dysentery (1998)

Swine dysentery (SD) is an infectious diarrhoeal disease of pigs caused by the bacterium Serpulina hyodysenteriae. Apart from the spirochaete, vigorous hindgut fermentation, particularly associated with two common dietary components - resistant starch (RS) and soluble non-starch polysaccharides (sNSP) - is linked to a higher incidence of SD (2, 3). The mechanism is unclear, but is assumed to act through modifications to the intestinal microflora, which in tum react with the spirochaete. Wheat, as a commonly used grain in pig production, is rich both in RS and sNSP, but some dietary treatments can increase the availability of these components in the small intestine, limiting the amount of substrate reaching the hindgut for fermentation. Extrusion causes gelatinisation of RS, whilst addition of enzymes (xylanases) to the diet can hydrolyse sNSP prior to its arrival in the large intestine.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe aim of this study was to increase the digestibility of RS and sNSP in the small intestine by applying specific treatments to wheat -based diets, thereby reducing both hindgut fermentation and the incidence of SD.
FACAS TÁTICAS: NOVAS CONFIGURAÇÕES ERGONÔMICAS PARA ADEQUÁ-LAS À CAÇA E À PRÁTICA MILITAR (2020)

Este artigo apresenta uma investigação revisada das características estéticas e funcionais das facas táticas, isso é, aquelas projetadas estrategicamente para operações de risco, como nas atividades de policiais, bombeiros, socorristas, campistas, mergulhadores ou caçadores. Estes produtos tiveram seu desenvolvimento minimamente registrado na ciência formal, sendo que o conhecimento sobre o design e sobre a avaliação de facas táticas se deu quase exclusivamente em meio artesanal ou industrial. As empresas não revelam seus processos de design, e os artesãos que o fazem, não têm qualquer comprovação científica quanto aos resultados que alcançaram no decorrer das décadas: foi um processo de tentativa e erro, até se chegar a níveis de qualidade adequados aos usuários. Neste projeto, investigam-se possíveis diretrizes formais da ergonomia e da usabilidade de facas táticas que possam ser registradas e futuramente testadas na produção desses produtos, buscando registrar cientificamente tal linha de pesquisa e sua relevância à indústria da segurança. Desde à época da realização deste projeto de conclusão de curso, em 2012, até o ano corrente, não havia produções acadêmicas que definissem, classificassem ou testassem facas táticas, sob a visão de qualquer disciplina de análise de qualidade.
The effect of variation of retinal polyene side-chain length on formation and function of bacteriorhodopsin analog pigments (1986)

The effect of the length of the retinal polyene side chain on bacterioopsin pigment formation and function has been investigated with two series of synthetic retinal analogues. Cyclohexyl derivatives with polyene chains one carbon longer and one or more carbons shorter than retinal and linear polyenes with no ring have been synthesized and characterized. Compounds of six carbons or less in the polyene chain form pigments very poorly or not at all with bacterioopsin. Compounds containing at least seven carbons in the chain are found to form reasonably stable bacterioopsin pigments that show a small shift in absorbance on irradiation. However, photocycling and proton photorelease are not detected. The analogue with nine carbons in the polyene chain (one less than retinal) forms a stable pigment with an M-type intermediate but demonstrates reduced amounts of photocycling and light-activated proton release. The analogue with a polyene chain identical with that of retinal, but containing no ring, forms a pigment that shows both an efficient light-activated proton photocycle and release. The pigment containing the chromophore with the polyene chain one carbon longer than retinal is likewise fully active. We thus conclude that the length of the polyene chain must be at least 9 carbons for the formation of a stable pigment that photocycles and must be 10 carbons for both the photocycle and light-activated proton release to have a high quantum efficiency.
Combinatorial screening of inorganic and organometallic materials (2023)

Methods and apparatus for the preparation and use of a substrate having an array of diverse materials in predefined regions thereon. A substrate having an array of diverse materials thereon is generally prepared by delivering components of materials to predefined regions on a substrate, and simultaneously reacting the components to form at least two materials. Materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, covalent network solids, ionic solids and molecular solids. More particularly, materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, inorganic materials, intermetallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, organic materials, organometallic materials, non-biological organic polymers, composite materials (e.g., inorganic composites, organic composites, or combinations thereof), etc. Once prepared, these materials can be screened for useful properties including, for example, electrical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, optical, magnetic, chemical, or other properties. Thus, the present invention provides methods for the parallel synthesis and analysis of novel materials having useful properties.
Intentionality, anger, coping, and ego defensiveness in reactive aggressive driving (2014)

Abstract A motivational sequence was used as a theoretical framework for studying reactive aggressive driving. Study 1 tested the validity of the sequence “perceived intentionality‐anger‐reactive aggressive driving” and assessed the impact of coping on anger and reactive aggressive driving. The ecological validity of the same sequence was verified in Study 2 with a large sample of adult drivers, while examining the role of ego defensiveness as a determinant of anger and aggressive driving. Study 1 showed the proposed sequence was supported and that coping strategies intervened at both anger and reaction levels, depending if the situation was perceived as intentional or not. Study 2 showed that anger mediated the impact of coping and ego defensiveness on driving aggression. S obel tests confirmed the anger mediation effect in both studies.
Towards photonic quantum simulation of ground states of frustrated Heisenberg spin systems (2014)

Photonic quantum simulators are promising candidates for providing insight into other small- to medium-sized quantum systems. Recent experiments have shown that photonic quantum systems have the advantage to exploit quantum interference for the quantum simulation of the ground state of Heisenberg spin systems. Here we experimentally characterize this quantum interference at a tuneable beam splitter and further investigate the measurement-induced interactions of a simulated four-spin system by comparing the entanglement dynamics using pairwise concurrence. We also study theoretically a four-site square lattice with next-nearest neighbor interactions and a six-site checkerboard lattice, which might be in reach of current technology.
Automatically embedding newsworthy links to articles (2012)

It is of great interest to news providers such as Yahoo! News to attain higher visitor rates by promoting greater engagement with their content. One aspect of engagement deals with keeping users on the site longer by allowing them to navigate through content with enhanced, click-through experiences. News portals have invested in ways to provide embedded links within news stories. So far these links have been manually curated by professional editors, and due to the manual effort involved, the use of such links has been limited. In this paper we propose an automated approach to detecting and linking newsworthy events to associated articles. Our analysis, conducted on Amazon's Mechanical Turk, reveals that our system's performance is comparable to that of professional editors, and that users find the automatically generated highlights interesting and the associated articles worthy of reading.
Carbon Nanotube-Connected Yolk–Shell Carbon Nanopolyhedras with Cobalt and Nitrogen Doping as Sulfur Immobilizers for High-Performance Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2018)

The lithium sulfur battery is regarded as a promising energy solution because of its high energy density. However, the insulating nature and large volumetric expansion of sulfur and the high solubility of polysulfides restrict their practical applications. Here carbon nanotube (CNT)-induced yolk–shell carbon nanopolyhedra, with Co–N-doping, is used as host material for sulfur. The CNTs are used to create a conductive network which interweaves each carbon polyhedron and induces the formation of a yolk–shell structure during the sulfur melt-diffusion process due to the “perforation effect”. The CNT-connected Co–N-doped carbon nanopolyhedra containing sulfur yolk–shell structure (S@Co–N–C/CNTs-0.5) can achieve a capacity of 712.2 mAh g–1 at 1675 (1 C) mA g–1 after 300 cycles and 511.8 mAh g–1 at 3350 (2 C) mA g–1. The outstanding performance is attributed to the new paradigm, S@Co–N–C/CNTs-0.5 yolk–shell structure, which creates a conductive network allowing for improved electron transport and convenient electrolyte infiltration, as well as enhanced reaction kinetics for the electrochemical process synchronously. The significant internal void space of yolk–shell structure effectively accommodates the volume expansion of sulfur. Simultaneously, Co–N-doping in yolk–shell structure carbon polyhedra can synergistically trap polysulfides due to the strong chemical adsorption.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells regulate B-cell growth and differentiation via CD70 (2010)

The ability of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) to promote plasma cell differentiation and immunoglobulin (Ig) secretion through the production of type I interferon and interleukin-6 has been well documented, although the role of additional factors, including tumor necrosis factor receptor-ligand interactions, has not been addressed. On stimulation with the Toll-like receptor ligand CpG (B type, 2006) we found that pDCs exhibit strong and stable expression of CD70, a tumor necrosis factor family ligand that binds to its receptor CD27 expressed on memory B cells and promotes plasma cell differentiation and Ig secretion. Using a pDC/B-cell coculture system, we found that CpG-stimulated pDCs can induce the proliferation of CD40L-activated human peripheral B cells and Ig secretion. This occurs independently of interferon and residual CpG, and requires physical contact between pDCs and B cells. CpG-stimulated pDCs can induce the proliferation of both naive and memory B cells, although Ig secretion is restricted to the memory subset. Blocking the interaction of CD70 with CD27 using an antagonist anti-CD70 antibody reduces the induction of B-cell proliferation and IgG secretion by CpG-stimulated pDCs. We have therefore identified CD70 as an important factor in the regulation of B-cell growth and differentiation by pDCs.
Ultra-Compact Fourier Transform Near-Infrared MEMS Spectral Sensor for Smart Industry and IoT (2021)

Miniaturized spectrometers are being developed in the recent few years leveraging the rapidly-progressing technology and triggering new markets in the field of on-site and mobile spectroscopic analysis. Although some devices were commercialized for the near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), their size and cost still don't meet the requirements for the ubiquitous deployment of the spectrometer as a spectral sensor needed for the smart industry and IoT applications. In this work we report an integrated microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectral sensor. A monolithic scanning Michelson interferometer MEMS chip and an extended InGaAs photodetector chip are integrated with a micro-optical system in a tiny package with a footprint of 18 mm, presenting the smallest reported FT-IR solution to date. A compact light source head is designed and implemented targeting diffuse-reflection applications. The reported sensor's spectral resolution is about 66.6 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> across the spectral range of 1350-2550 nm. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved is 8000:1 at 2400 nm in 2 seconds, with an order of magnitude improvement with respect to previously reported fiber-coupled solution. The presented solution provides a low cost, low power, wide wavelength range NIR spectral sensor that can be manufactured with high volumes leveraging economies of scale.
Analytical model of a phase-shift controlled three-level zero-voltage switching converter (2016)

Soft-switching of resonant dc-dc converters is used to enable high switching-frequencies and miniaturization of filter components. These converters are typically modeled using a first-harmonic approximation. This results in generalization of the operating modes, by only using the first harmonic of the converter. In this paper a phase-shift controlled series-resonant converter is analyzed per operating mode using an accurate analysis. For each operating mode, an analytical expression is derived resulting in a more accurate representation of the converter behavior when compared to first-harmonic approximation. Experimental results show that the model accurately predicts the converter.
Investigation of the radical step in the chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol by potassium ferricyanide in the presence of hydrogen peroxide with the aid of magnetic modulation (1987)

A method employing magnetic modulation of the rate of the chemical reaction was previously applied with success to the establishment of the chemiluminescent reaction involving the oxidation of luminol (LH/sub 2/) by potassium ferricyanide K/sub 3/Fe-(CN)/sub 6/ in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (0.1 M NaOH). The purpose of the present work was to experimentally investigate the radical steps of the more complex chemiluminescent reaction involving the oxidation of LH/sub 2/ in the presence of H/sub 2/O/sub 2/. The action of the magnetic field on the reaction causes an increase in the intensity of the chemiluminescence. The dependence of the intensity of the chemiluminescence on the magnetic field strength has the form of a saturation curve. The hyperfine interaction of the electronic and nuclear spins of the recombining radicals create a possibility for the mixing of the singlet and triplet states of the radical pairs, which results in relative alteration of the populations of these states with the rate constant K/sub st/(H). An external magnetic field reduces this constant, causing an increase in the concentration of the LOH/sup 2 -/ radicals and, consequently, an increase in the output of light.
Er-Doped Mg4Ta2O9 Single-Crystal Scintillators Emitting Near-Infrared Photons for High-Dose Field Monitoring (2023)

Mg4Ta2O9 single crystals doped with 0.01, 0.1, and 1% Er were grown using the floating zone method, and their photoluminescence and scintillation properties were studied. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all samples had a hexagonal structure of Mg4Ta2O9. The samples showed that the emission peak at 1550 nm was due to 4f−4f transitions of Er3+ ions, with quantum yields of 32.9, 46.6, and 18.0% for 0.01, 0.1, and 1% doping concentrations, respectively. All samples showed scintillation with a broad emission band at 350 nm due to charge transfer from Ta5+ to O2− ions and emission peak at 1550 nm due to 4f−4f transition of Er3+ ions. The dose rate response functions showed that the detection limit for all samples was 0.06 Gy/h for scintillation detector applications.