gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Arithmetic Considerations for Isogeny-Based Cryptography (2018)

In this paper we investigate various arithmetic techniques which can be used to potentially enhance the performance in the supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman (SIDH) key-exchange protocol which is one of the more recent contenders in the post-quantum public-key arena. First, we give a systematic overview of techniques to compute efficient arithmetic modulo 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sup> p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sup> ± 1. Our overview shows that in the SIDH setting, where arithmetic over a quadratic extension field is required, the approaches based on the Montgomery reduction for such primes of a special shape are to be preferred. Moreover, the outcome of our investigation reveals that there exist moduli which allow even faster implementations. Second, we investigate if it is beneficial to use other curve models to speed up the elliptic curve scalar multiplication. The use of twisted Edwards curves allows one to search for efficient addition-subtraction chains for fixed scalars while this is not possible with the differential addition law when using Montgomery curves. Our preliminary results show that despite the fact that we found such efficient chains, using twisted Edwards curves does not result in faster scalar multiplication arithmetic in the setting of SIDH.
Surface defect sites facilitate fibrillation: an insight into adsorption of gold-binding peptides on Au(111) (2013)

We report new evidence on the surface defect dependent fibrillation of cysteine-free gold-binding peptides (identified from a phage-display peptide library) upon adsorption onto the Au(111) surface revealed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Dramatic changes in the persistence length and binding conformation of the peptide fibrils on Au(111) have been demonstrated to occur via surface reorganization of the peptide. Moreover, surface defect sites played a governing role in initiating fibrillation. These observations could provide new insight into engineering bio-nano interfaces for self-assembly, biotemplating and biotic-abiotic hybrid material systems and device platforms.
A new low-voltage-driven GRIN liquid crystal lens with multiple ring electrodes in unequal widths (2010)

This work is dedicated to design a novel liquid crystal (LC) lens device with multiple ring electrodes in unequal widths, in order to offer tunability on focusing quality and to lower the level of applied voltage. The number and widths of the multiple ring electrodes are pre-designed and optimized to offer the on-line tunability on individual electrode voltages to render a better refraction index distribution for focusing, as compared to the past hole-type LC lenses. The resulted refractive index distribution is expected to offer similar focusing effects based on the theory of the gradient refraction index (GRIN) lens. The transparent electrodes of this new LC lens are placed at the inner surface of the LC cell to minimize the driving voltages, in results, less than 10 V, for the same level of focusing power and an easy practical operation. A new fabrication process in the wafer level to bury bus lines is developed for generating smooth electrical fields over the lens aperture. In addition, a dielectric layer is coated between electrodes and the LC layer.
The Value of Serum Enzymatic Acid Phosphatase in the Staging of Localized Prostate Cancer (1992)

With the development of reliable assays for the measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA), the use of serum enzymatic acid phosphatase in the staging of disease before radical prostatectomy has been called into question. We evaluated 460 consecutive men who were referred to our institution as candidates for radical prostatectomy. Staging evaluation included digital rectal examination, serum measurements of enzymatic acid phosphatase and PSA, bone scans and, in patients in whom advanced clinical stage was anticipated, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging or transrectal ultrasonography. Of the 460 men 21 (4.6%) had elevations of serum enzymatic acid phosphatase. All 19 men with elevations who were fully evaluated proved to have either positive bone scans, extraprostatic extension of disease, PSA greater than 100 ng./ml., positive lymph nodes or positive seminal vesicles. However, in 17 of the 21 men (81%) with elevated serum enzymatic acid phosphatase advanced disease was detected by either abnormal digital rectal examination or PSA alone. Thus, serum enzymatic acid phosphatase provided unique information in only 4 of the entire study population (0.9%). Recognizing this low yield of unique information, we believe that measurements of serum enzymatic acid phosphatase are no longer mandatory before radical prostatectomy but may provide important confirmatory information in patients in whom advanced disease is suspected.
Synthesis of Diynes and Tetraynes from in Situ Desilylation/Dimerization of Acetylenes (2001)

[reaction: see text]. An efficient method for the in situ desilylation/oxidative dimerization of (trialkylsilyl)acetylenes is described. This protocol avoids the complications encountered with sensitive diynes by eliminating the deprotection and isolation steps. Various aromatic and alkyl diynes and tetraynes can be synthesized in a straightforward manner in good yields (82-99%) from TIPS-protected acetylenes. This method facilitates the efficient synthesis of novel tetrayne-bridged acetylenic cyclophanes 6 and 7 in a direct manner.
Flexible Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Platforms for Detecting Deafness Mutations in Koreans: A Proposed Guideline for the Etiologic Diagnosis of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder (2020)

Routine application of next-generation sequencing in clinical settings is often limited by time- and cost-prohibitive complex filtering steps. Despite the previously introduced genotyping kit that allows screening of the 11 major recurring variants of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) genes in the Korean population, the demand for phenotype- and variant-specific screening kits still remains. Herein, we developed a new real-time PCR-based kit (U-TOP™ HL Genotyping Kit Ver2), comprising six variants from two auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) genes (<i>OTOF</i> and <i>ATP1A3</i>) and five variants from three SNHL genes (<i>MPZL2</i>, <i>COCH</i>, and <i>TMC1</i>), with a distinct auditory phenotype, making this the first genotyping kit dedicated to ANSD. The concordance rate with Sanger sequencing, sensitivity, and specificity of this genotyping kit were all 100%, suggesting reliability. The kit not only allows timely and cost-effective identification of recurring <i>OTOF</i> variants, but it also allows timely detection of cochlear nerve deficiency for those without <i>OTOF</i> variants. Herein, we provide a clinical guideline for an efficient, rapid, and cost-effective etiologic diagnosis of prelingual ANSD. Our study provides a good example of continuing to update new key genetic variants, which will continuously be revealed through NGS, as targets for the newly developed genotyping kit.
DCIS neoadjuvant therapy: Targeting the autophagy pathway in malignant precursor cells. (2010)

TPS341 Background: We found that fresh human breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) lesions contain pre-existing carcinoma precursor cells which require autophagy (auto-self, phagy-eating) for survival. Autophagy promotes survival of DCIS cells within the hypoxic duct microenvironment. Based on this finding, we are testing the safety and effectiveness of chloroquine phosphate (CQ), alone or in combination with tamoxifen, administered for a 3 month period to patients with any grade DCIS. This unique DCIS neoadjuvant therapy study design provides immediate molecular and biologic feedback about the in vivo effectiveness of a therapy targeting intraductal neoplastic cells within breast premalignant lesions. Methods: The trial designation is PINC (Preventing Invasive breast Neoplasia with Chloroquine). Current enrollment: trial opened in Jan. 2010. The planned accrual is 30 patients in each treatment arm. Patients with high grade ER positive DCIS receive tamoxifen plus CQ. ER negative patients receive CQ alone. Patients with low grade ER positive DCIS receive tamoxifen only. Eligibility: biopsy proven DCIS, grades I-III, ER positive or ER negative. MRI is performed before and after drug treatment. All patients receive standard of care surgical therapy post drug treatment. Effectiveness is measured at the molecular level and correlated with MRI data. The activated (post translationally modified) state of 59 proteins associated with autophagy, hypoxia, apoptosis, angiogenesis, invasion, and cell cycle pathways are measured by Reverse Phase Protein Microarray, before and after therapy, within the microdissected DCIS biopsy. In parallel, DCIS living organoids are harvested, cultured, and scored for a) invasive potential in autologous human breast stroma ex vivo, b) DCIS progenitor cell yield and growth, and c) growth in NOD SCID mouse xenotransplantation. Full genome molecular cytogenetics is conducted (300,000 SNPs, Illumina HumanCytoSNP profile) and correlated with MRI and protein microarray data. This trial, if successful, provides neoadjuvant therapy for all categories of DCIS and can support a future chemoprevention strategy designed to suppress occult or overt breast premalignant lesions. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Cell Encapsulation in Sub-mm Sized Gel Modules Using Replica Molding (2008)

For many types of cells, behavior in two-dimensional (2D) culture differs from that in three-dimensional (3D) culture. Among biologists, 2D culture on treated plastic surfaces is currently the most popular method for cell culture. In 3D, no analogous standard method--one that is similarly convenient, flexible, and reproducible--exists. This paper describes a soft-lithographic method to encapsulate cells in 3D gel objects (modules) in a variety of simple shapes (cylinders, crosses, rectangular prisms) with lateral dimensions between 40 and 1000 microm, cell densities of 10(5)-10(8) cells/cm(3), and total volumes between 1x10(-7) and 8x10(-4) cm(3). By varying (i) the initial density of cells at seeding, and (ii) the dimensions of the modules, the number of cells per module ranged from 1 to 2500 cells. Modules were formed from a range of standard biopolymers, including collagen, Matrigel, and agarose, without the complex equipment often used in encapsulation. The small dimensions of the modules allowed rapid transport of nutrients by diffusion to cells at any location in the module, and therefore allowed generation of modules with cell densities near to those of dense tissues (10(8)-10(9) cells/cm(3)). This modular method is based on soft lithography and requires little special equipment; the method is therefore accessible, flexible, and well suited to (i) understanding the behavior of cells in 3D environments at high densities of cells, as in dense tissues, and (ii) developing applications in tissue engineering.
Synthesis and Structure of the Pentacopper(II) Substituted Tungstosilicate [Cu5(OH)4(H2O)2 (A‐α‐SiW9O33)2]10‐. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Pulse-shape and pulse-length scaling of ns pulse laser damage threshold due to rate limiting by thermal conduction (1998)

Assuming the observed scaling of laser damage threshold fluence with the (almost) square root of pulse duration is due to thermal conduction, we develop a formalism for directly comparing pulses of different shapes and durations. We find, for example, that a top hat pulse leads to 15% higher temperature (presumably 15% lower damage threshold) than a Gaussian pulse of the same fluence. We also find that the damage threshold of the expected NIF type pulse should be estimated from a Gaussian pulse with the same peak intensity. We find that the deviation of the scaling of damage threshold from square root of pulse duration has contributions from both the small but finite size of laser energy absorbers and from the temperature dependence of thermal properties. Keywords: laser damage, damage threshold, scaling, thermal conduction
10 000-fold concentration increase of the biomarker cardiac troponin I in a reducing union microfluidic chip using cationic isotachophoresis (2011)

This paper describes the preconcentration of the biomarker cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and a fluorescent protein (R-phycoerythrin) using cationic isotachophoresis (ITP) in a 3.9 cm long poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) microfluidic chip. The microfluidic chip includes a channel with a 5× reduction in depth and a 10× reduction in width. Thus, the overall cross-sectional area decreases by 50× from inlet (anode) to outlet (cathode). The concentration is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area so that as proteins migrate through the reductions, the concentrations increase proportionally. In addition, the proteins gain additional concentration by ITP. We observe that by performing ITP in a cross-sectional area reducing microfluidic chip we can attain concentration factors greater than 10,000. The starting concentration of cTnI was 2.3 μg mL⁻¹ and the final concentration after ITP concentration in the microfluidic chip was 25.52 ± 1.25 mg mL⁻¹. To the author's knowledge this is the first attempt at concentrating the cardiac biomarker cTnI by ITP. This experimental approach could be coupled to an immunoassay based technique and has the potential to lower limits of detection, increase sensitivity, and quantify different isolated cTnI phosphorylation states.
Effects of Acoustic Excitation and Annular Swirl Strength on a Non-Premixed and Swirl-Stabilized Flame (2013)

The stabilization of non-premixed flame is often done by coupling an annular swirling flow. Acoustic excitation, however, can improve combustion through fuel jet oscillation but can sometimes blow out the flame. The writers aimed to experimentally investigate the effects of annular swirl strength on acoustically excited non-premixed flame. Visual observations coupled with flame length measurements showed that the flame can be particularly shortened and transformed to blue at a low swirl strength. Flame and flow images obtained through the Mie scattering technique showed that the recirculation bubble enlarged proportionally in accordance with the swirl strength. Jet oscillations were diagnosed by using a laser Doppler anemometer at the central jet. Turbulence and mixing properties obtained from the central jet velocity were statistically compared to identify the best combination of swirl strength and acoustic excitation level. Combustion performance was finely validated through flame length and temperature measurements.
Towards Clinical Application of Artificial Intelligence in Ultrasound Imaging (2021)

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being increasingly adopted in medical research and applications. Medical AI devices have continuously been approved by the Food and Drug Administration in the United States and the responsible institutions of other countries. Ultrasound (US) imaging is commonly used in an extensive range of medical fields. However, AI-based US imaging analysis and its clinical implementation have not progressed steadily compared to other medical imaging modalities. The characteristic issues of US imaging owing to its manual operation and acoustic shadows cause difficulties in image quality control. In this review, we would like to introduce the global trends of medical AI research in US imaging from both clinical and basic perspectives. We also discuss US image preprocessing, ingenious algorithms that are suitable for US imaging analysis, AI explainability for obtaining informed consent, the approval process of medical AI devices, and future perspectives towards the clinical application of AI-based US diagnostic support technologies.
Can We Make a Cake and Eat it Too? A Discussion of ICN Security and Privacy (2017)

In recent years, Information-centric Networking (ICN) has received much attention from both academic and industry participants. ICN offers data-centric inter-networking that is radically different from today's host-based IP networks. Security and privacy features on today's Internet were originally not present and have been incrementally retrofitted over the last 35 years. As such, these issues have become increasingly important as ICN technology gradually matures towards real-world deployment. Thus, while ICN-based architectures (e.g., NDN, CCNx, etc.) are still evolving, it is both timely and important to explore ICN security and privacy issues as well as devise and assess possible mitigation techniques. This report documents the highlights and outcomes of the Dagstuhl Seminar 16251 on ``Information-centric Networking and Security.'' The goal of which was to bring together researchers to discuss and address security and privacy issues particular to ICN-based architectures. Upon finishing the three-day workshop, the outlook of ICN is still unclear. Many unsolved and ill-addressed problems remain, such as namespace and identity management, object security and forward secrecy, and privacy. Regardless of the fate of ICN, one thing is certain: much more research and practical experience with these systems is needed to make progress towards solving these arduous problems.
Experimental Demonstration of Reduced Complexity 43-Gb/s RZ-DQPSK Rate-Tunable Receiver (2008)

We demonstrate an alternative differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) receiver offering reduced complexity through sharing of hardware in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I/Q</i> demodulation paths. Demodulation of 43-Gb/s return-to-zero DQPSK is demonstrated without penalty relative to a traditional DQPSK receiver. Rate tuning is demonstrated using a tunable birefringent element.
Sub-Cycle Strong-Field Induced Modification of the Optical Properties of SiO2 (2013)

Highly nonlinear, but reversible changes in the refractive index of SiO2 induced by strong near-infrared light fields are probed with wave-cycle resolved optical reflectivity and attosecond streaking characterization of the transmitted field.
Geniposide Improves Glucose Homeostasis via Regulating FoxO1/PDK4 in Skeletal Muscle (2019)

It is well-known that imbalance state of glucose metabolism triggers many metabolic diseases and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle accounts for 90% of body weight. Geniposide is one of the major natural bioactive constituents of gardenia fruit, and the regulation of geniposide on glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle has not yet been investigated. Here, on the basis of microarray analysis, we discovered that geinposide decreased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) expression in skeletal muscle of mice and subsequently found that geniposide inhibited the expressions of forkhead box O1 (FoxO1), PDK4, and phosphorylated pyruvate dehydrogenase in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, geniposide promoted a switch of slow-to-fast myofiber type and glucose utilization, suggesting that geniposide improved glucose homeostasis. In addition, mechanistic studies revealed that geniposide played above roles by regulating FoxO1/PDK4, which controlled fuel selection via pyruvate dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, effects of geniposide mentioned above could be reversed by FoxO1 overexpression. Together, these results establish that geniposide confers controls on fuel usage and glucose homeostasis through FoxO1/PDK4 in skeletal muscle.
In-Situ Testing: An Exploration of Increasing Design Complexity. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Molecular Approach to Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection (2019)

16S rRNA PCR/sequencing has higher sensitivity to detect bacteria in SF from extracted CIEDs than does SF culture.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase Inhibition Activity of Functionalized Pyrophosphate Analogues (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Composition-Function Relationships of ACL Enthesis in Relation to Tensile Load (2019)

The anterior cruciate ligament is prone to tearing due to abrupt valgus and rotation during intense sports, and natural healing is difficult, so reconstruction and replacement surgery are required. The ligament and bone tissue are not independent tissues, but cortical bone, calcified fibrocartilage, non-calcified fibrocartilage, and ligament from bone tissue to ligament tissue. Divided into hierarchies, they are collectively referred to as enthesis. In this study, 23-month-old bovine femur specimens were prepared, and Raman spectroscopic measurements were performed on each layer. First, the composition of substances contained in dry and wet specimens was measured in an unloaded state, and the spectra were compared using the strength ratio of the contained substances and FWHM as indicators. Contrary to the expectation that B and L showed the prominent properties of hard and soft tissues, significant peaks were observed for CFC and FC, which are intermediate substances. Since the cause is unknown at present, the results of this study will be considered in detail by increasing the sample size and measuring under tensile load.
[Bone metabolisms of aromatase-knockout mice in male]. (2006)

Aromatase converts androgen to estrogen as the sole enzyme that related bone metabolism as well as gonadal-genesis. We previously discovered aromatase-knockout (ArKO) mice showed bone loss that associated with increasing bone resorption was seen in both female and male mice. This is suggesting essential roles of estrogen for bone metabolism in both of gender. When male ArKO mice were orchidectomized (ORX) to induce a complete deficiency of both estrogen and androgen, ORX/ArKO showed severe osteopenia. The complexities for use of estrogen and androgen in bone metabolisms may have distinct or synergistic roles of bone turnover in female and male mice before/after reaching to sexual maturity.
Power and yield -aware design and test of nano-scale CMOS circuits (2005)

Over the last few decades, semiconductor industry has been fueled by exponential growth in computing power resulting from aggressive miniaturization of device geometry. As device integration and design complexity increase drastically with technology scaling, design and test professionals face major challenges. Leakage current increases exponentially with scaling. Increasing power dissipation and power density have also emerged as important design considerations and major barrier to scaling. Moreover, process parameter variations pose a major yield concern. In my doctoral research, I have addressed some of the major challenges in design and test of nanoscale VLSI systems. I have developed efficient design techniques to reduce system power in both standby and active mode while maintaining performance. Application of these techniques to architectural and logic-level of design abstraction has been addressed. To improve test cost and confidence. I have considered developing design techniques, which are low power and at the same time, testable. Finally. I have explored a novel defect-based-test solution to test CMOS circuits using the dynamic supply current. I have proposed wavelet transform based current signature analysis for efficient failure detection in digital and analog circuits and fault localization in digital circuits.