gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Robustness Control for Fog Reinforcement in Dynamic Wireless Networks (2021)

The sixth-generation (6G) of wireless communications systems will significantly rely on fog/edge network architectures for service provisioning. To realize this vision, AI-based fog/edge enabled reinforcement solutions are needed to serve highly stringent applications using dynamically varying resources. In this paper, we propose a cognitive dynamic fog/edge network where primary nodes (PNs) temporarily share their resources and act as fog nodes (FNs) for secondary nodes (SNs). Under this architecture, that unleashes multiple access opportunities, we design distributed fog probing schemes for SNs to search for available connections to access neighbouring FNs. Since the availability of these connections varies in time, we develop strategies to enhance the robustness to the uncertain availability of channels and fog nodes, and reinforce the connections with the FNs. A robustness control optimization is formulated with the aim to maximize the expected total long-term reliability of SNs&#x2019; transmissions. The problem is solved by an online robustness control (ORC) algorithm that involves online fog probing and an index-based connectivity activation policy derived from restless multi-armed bandits (RMABs) model. Simulation results show that our ORC scheme significantly improves the network robustness, the connectivity reliability and the number of completed transmissions. In addition, by activating the connections with higher indexes, the total long-term reliability optimization problem is solved with low complexity.
Deep Learning for Distinguishing Normal versus Abnormal Chest Radiographs and Generalization to Unseen Diseases (2020)

Chest radiography (CXR) is the most widely-used thoracic clinical imaging modality and is crucial for guiding the management of cardiothoracic conditions. The detection of specific CXR findings has been the main focus of several artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the wide range of possible CXR abnormalities makes it impractical to build specific systems to detect every possible condition. In this work, we developed and evaluated an AI system to classify CXRs as normal or abnormal. For development, we used a de-identified dataset of 248,445 patients from a multi-city hospital network in India. To assess generalizability, we evaluated our system using 6 international datasets from India, China, and the United States. Of these datasets, 4 focused on diseases that the AI was not trained to detect: 2 datasets with tuberculosis and 2 datasets with coronavirus disease 2019. Our results suggest that the AI system generalizes to new patient populations and abnormalities. In a simulated workflow where the AI system prioritized abnormal cases, the turnaround time for abnormal cases reduced by 7-28%. These results represent an important step towards evaluating whether AI can be safely used to flag cases in a general setting where previously unseen abnormalities exist.
Honey/Chitosan Nanofiber Wound Dressing Enriched with Allium sativum and Cleome droserifolia: Enhanced Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activity (2016)

Two natural extracts were loaded within fabricated honey, poly(vinyl alcohol), chitosan nanofibers (HPCS) to develop biocompatible antimicrobial nanofibrous wound dressing. The dried aqueous extract of Cleome droserifolia (CE) and Allium sativum aqueous extract (AE) and their combination were loaded within the HPCS nanofibers in the HPCS-CE, HPCS-AE, and HPCS-AE/CE nanofiber mats, respectively. It was observed that the addition of AE resulted in the least fiber diameter (145 nm), whereas the addition of the AE and CE combination resulted in the least swelling ability and the highest weight loss. In vitro antibacterial testing against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa was performed in comparison with the commercial dressing AquacelAg and revealed that the HPCS-AE and HPCS-AE/CE nanofiber mats allowed complete inhibition of S. aureus and the HPCS-AE/CE exhibited mild antibacterial activity against MRSA. A preliminary in vivo study revealed that the developed nanofiber mats enhanced the wound healing process as compared to the untreated control as proved by the enhanced wound closure rates in mice and by the histological examination of the wounds. Moreover, comparison with the commercial dressing Aquacel Ag, the HPCS, and HPCS-AE/CE demonstrated similar effects on the wound healing process, whereas the HPCS/AE allowed an enhanced wound closure rate. Cell culture studies proved the biocompatibility of the developed nanofiber mats in comparison with the commercial Aquacel Ag, which exhibited noticeable cytotoxicity. The developed natural nanofiber mats hold potential as promising biocompatible antibacterial wound dressing.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of spergualin analogues. III. Novel method for synthesis of optically active 15-deoxyspergualin and 15-deoxy-11-O-methylspergualin. (1987)

Optically active 15-deoxyspergualin (II) and 15-deoxy-ll-O-methylspergualin (IIa) were synthesized, and their antitumor activities were examined. The (-)-enantiomers of both II and Ha were active against mouse leukemia LI 210, while the (+)-enantiomers were almost inactive. The optical resolution of the key intermediate, (±)-N-(7-guanidinoheptanoyl)-α-alkoxyglycine (VI) was achieved by use of an exopeptidase, serine (acid) carboxypeptidase [EC 3.4.16.1] and (±)-N-(7-guanidinoheptanoyl)-α-alkoxyglycyl-L-amino acid (VIII) as the substrate. Considering the enzymatic susceptibility of the substrate (VIII), we deduced that the absolute configuration of the carbon at 11 (C-11) of the bioactive (-)-enantiomer, and so that of natural spergualin (I), is S. This is, to our knowledge, the first report of the use of carboxypeptidase for the resolution of N-acyl amino acid.
Characterization of the synchrotron-based 0.3-NA EUV microexposuretool at the ALS (2005)

Synchrotron-based EUV exposure tools continue to play a crucial roll in the development of EUV lithography. Utilizing a programmable-pupil-fill illuminator, the 0.3-NA microexposure tool at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source synchrotron radiation facility provides the highest resolution EUV projection printing capabilities available today. This makes it ideal for the characterization of advanced resist and mask processes. The Berkeley tool also serves as a good benchmarking platform for commercial implementations of 0.3-NA EUV microsteppers because its illuminator can be programmed to emulate the coherence conditions of the commercial tools. Here we present the latest resist and tool characterization results from the Berkeley EUV exposure station.
Lithium–Iron (III) Fluoride Battery with Double Surface Protection (2018)

Abstract Lithium–metal fluoride batteries promise significantly higher energy density than the state‐of‐the‐art lithium‐ion batteries and lithium–sulfur batteries. Unfortunately, commercialization of metal fluoride cathodes is prevented by their high resistance, irreversible structural change, and rapid degradation. In this study, a substantial boost in metal fluoride (MF) cathode stability by designing nanostructure with two layers of protective shells—one deposited ex situ and the other in situ is demonstrated. Such methodology achieves over 90% capacity retention after 300 charge–discharge cycles, producing the first report on FeF 3 as a cathode material, where a very high capacity utilization in combination with excellent stability is approaching the level needed for practical applications of FeF 3 . The cathode solid electrolyte interphase (CEI) containing lithium oxalate and BF bond containing anions is found to effectively protect the cathode material from direct contact with electrolytes, thus greatly suppressing the dissolution of Fe. Quantum chemistry and molecular dynamics calculations provide unique insights into the mechanisms of CEI layer formation. As a result, this work not only demonstrates unprecedented performance, but also provides the reader with a better fundamental understanding of electrochemical behavior of MF cathodes and the positive impact observed with the application of a lithium bis(oxalato)borate salt in the electrolyte.
User Feedback on RFID and Integrated Flightline Data for Maintenance Decisions (2006)

Abstract : Creating Agile Combat Support (ACS) requires real time integrated information systems to support human decision making. Real time sensing technologies are being investigated to improve logistics support. The purpose of this study was to investigate integrated Radio Frequency Identification/Real Time Location System (RFID/RTLS) technology with flightline information for improved decision making for flightline maintenance operations. A simulation was developed that integrated information related to the flightline with RFID location information (Smart Systems). A simulated field test was conducted to compare the Smart Systems integrated condition with an off-the- shelf RFID technology and a baseline condition for providing support for the fix or swap decision.
Short-term Motion Prediction of Traffic Actors for Autonomous Driving using Deep Convolutional Networks (2018)

We address one of the crucial aspects necessary for safe and efficient operations of autonomous vehicles, namely predicting future state of traffic actors in the autonomous vehicle's surroundings. We introduce a deep learning-based approach that takes into account a current world state and produces raster images of each actor's vicinity. The rasters are then used as inputs to deep convolutional models to infer future movement of actors while also accounting for and capturing inherent uncertainty of the prediction task. Extensive experiments on real-world data strongly suggest benefits of the proposed approach. Moreover, following completion of the offline tests the system was successfully tested onboard self-driving vehicles.
Evaluation of loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of aprV2 positive Dichelobacter nodosus in-field by secondary users (2019)

Two animal health officers (termed secondary users) from Department of Primary Industries and Regions, South Australia (PIRSA) were trained in the use of VDN LAMP, before carrying out in-field testing on several locations in South Australia. The performance of VDN LAMP assay by secondary user 1 was shown to successfully detect 73.91% (n = 53) aprV2 positive samples, while secondary user 2 detected 37.93% (n = 30) aprV2 positive samples. Overall, the ability to identify virulent D. nodosus by VDN LAMP by secondary users was mixed for various reasons, however, this could be rectified by additional training and commercial production of the LAMP kits to increase stability. We envisaged in the future VDN LAMP will able to be used by non-specialists to aid control programs.
Ultrathin and Stretchable Rechargeable Devices with Organic Polymer Nanosheets Conformable to Skin Surface (2019)

Ultrathin flexible electronic devices have been attracting substantial attention for biomonitoring, display, wireless communication, and many other ubiquitous applications. In this article, organic robust redox-active polymer/carbon nanotube hybrid nanosheets with thickness of just 100 nm are reported as power sources for ultrathin devices conformable to skin. Regardless of the extreme thinness of the electrodes, a moderately large current density of 0.4 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> is achieved due to the high output of the polymers (>10 A g<sup>-1</sup> ). For the first time, the use of mechanically robust yet intrinsically soft electrodes and polymer nanosheet sealing leads to the fabrication of rechargeable devices with only 1-µm thickness and even with stretchable properties.
Dependency of tonality perception on frequency, bandwidth, and duration (2013)

Psychoacoustic studies show that a narrowband noise masker exhibits a stronger simultaneous masking effect than a tonal masker with the same signal power placed at the noise center frequency. Consequently, perceptual audio codecs commonly incorporate some sort of tonality estimation as part of their perceptual model. However, common tonality estimation techniques do not necessarily reflect the perception of tonality by human listeners. As long as the tone and narrowband noise signals are long enough, they are easily distinguishable for normal hearing listeners. However, if the stimulus duration decreases, both signal types approach the shape of impulses, and therefore, at some point become audibly identical. Consequently, at a given frequency and noise bandwidth, there is a duration threshold below which the signals cannot be distinguished. A series of so-called “2-AFC 3-step up-down” psychoacoustic tests are designed and carried out to investigate the frequency and bandwidth dependency of these duration thresholds. The test results, collected from 32 listeners, are statistically evaluated and confirm a decreasing threshold for increasing center frequency and bandwidth. These results can be used to improve psychoacoustic models for audio codecs by using tonality estimators with frequency and bandwidth adapted temporal resolution.
Hybrid quantum well/quantum dot active element for broad spectral bandwidth emitters and amplifiers (2012)

Broad spectral band-width spontaneous emission and gain is achieved by utilizing a hybrid quantum-well/quantum dot active element. The importance of carrier transport and positioning of the QW within the active region is discussed.
TRANSFORMATION OF PRIMARY CHICK-EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS BY VIRALLY-EXPRESSED C-JUN REQUIRES NO MUTATION IN THE PROTEIN WHEN A SUFFICIENT LEVEL OF C-JUN PROTEIN IS REACHED (1994)

Proto-oncogene c-jun transforms primary chick embryo fibroblasts as a single gene when expressed from the replication competent retrovirus R (or RCAS). We have investigated whether transformation is caused by accumulating mutations within the proto-oncogene sequence during the retrotranscription process. c-jun coding sequences carried by three independently isolated R-cJUN viruses have been cloned and entirely sequenced. Two of these-were shown to carry no mutation demonstrating that deregulated expression of a normal c-Jun product is sufficient for transformation. On the contrary when expressed from non replicative Rneo vector lacking gag and pol sequences, the avian c-jun no longer transformed. This difference is correlated with weaker c-Jun accumulation in the second case. When expressed from the same Rneo vector, low level of v-Jun or of the heterologous mouse c-Jun still transform. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that a threshold level of c-Jun product is required for transformation and that this critical level can be lowered by mutations in c-jun or by the synthesis of an heterologous protein.
Masking AES With d+1 Shares in Hardware (2016)

Masking requires splitting sensitive variables into at least d+1 shares to provide security against DPA attacks at order d. To this date, this minimal number has only been deployed in software implementations of cryptographic algorithms and in the linear parts of their hardware counterparts. So far there is no hardware construction that achieves this lower bound if the function is nonlinear and the underlying logic gates can glitch. In this paper, we give practical implementations of the AES using d+1 shares aiming at first- and second-order security even in the presence of glitches. To achieve this, we follow the conditions presented by Reparaz et al. at CRYPTO 2015 to allow hardware masking schemes, like Threshold Implementations, to provide theoretical higher-order security with d+1 shares. The decrease in number of shares has a direct impact in the area requirements: our second-order DPA resistant core is the smallest in area so far, and its S-box is 50% smaller than the current smallest Threshold Implementation of the AES S-box with similar security and attacker model. We assess the security of our masked cores by practical side-channel evaluations. The security guarantees are met with 100 million traces.
BOD (Bcl-2-Related Ovarian Death Gene) Is an Ovarian BH3 Domain-Containing Proapoptotic Bcl-2 Protein Capable of Dimerization with Diverse Antiapoptotic Bcl-2 Members (1998)

Using the yeast two-hybrid protein-protein interaction system to search for genes capable of forming dimers with the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, we have isolated BOD (Bcl-2-related ovarian death agonist) from an ovarian fusion cDNA library. The three variants of BOD (long, medium, and short) have an open reading frame of 196, 110, and 93 amino acids, respectively; all of them contain a consensus Bcl-2 homology 3 (BH3) domain but lack other BH domains found in channel-forming Bcl-2 family proteins. In the yeast cell assay, BOD interacts with diverse antiapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins [Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, Bcl-w, Bfl-1, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) BHRF-1] but not with different proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins (BAD, Bak, Bok, and Bax). After overexpression in mammalian Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, BOD induces apoptosis that can be prevented by the baculoviral caspase inhibitor P35. The cell-killing activity of BOD is also antagonized in cells cotransfected with the antiapoptotic Bcl-w protein, which showed high affinity for BOD in the two-hybrid assay. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies showed that BOD mutants with alterations in the BH3 domain lose cell-killing ability, suggesting that the BH3 domain is important for the mediation of cell killing by BOD. BOD mRNA is ubiquitously expressed in ovary and multiple other tissues. The BOD gene is also conserved in diverse mammalian species. Identification of BOD expands the group of proapoptotic Bcl-2 proteins that only contains the BH3 domain and allows future elucidation of the intracellular mechanism for apoptosis regulation in ovary and other tissues.
Parellel inhibition of LH-RH-induced cyclic AMP accumulation and LH and FSH release by LH-RH antagonists in vitro. (1975)

The relative potencies of seven antagonists of LH-RH to inhibit LH-RH-induced cyclic AMP accumulation and LH and FSH release were measured using rat hemipituitaries in vitro. At appropriate concentrations, [Des-His2, D-Ala6] LH-RH, [Des-His2, D-Ala6, des-Gly-NH210] LH-RH ethylamide, [Des-His2, D-Leu6] LH-RH, [D-Phe2] LH-RH, [Des-His2, Des-Gly-NH210] LH-RH propylamide, [D-Phe2, D-Leu6] LH-RH and [D-Phe2, D-Phe6] LH-RH led to parallel inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation and LH and FSH release. [D-Phe2, D-Leu6] LH-RH and [D-Phe2, D-Phe6] LH-RH can inhibit 50% of LH-RH action at molar ratios of 100 and 30, respectively. These findings of parallel changes of cyclic AMP levels and LH and FSH release add strong support to the already obtained evidence for a mediator role of the adenylate cyclase system in the action of LH-RH in the anterior pituitary gland.
Cities in Contemporary Europe (2000)

European cities are at the centre of social, political and economic changes in Western Europe. This book proposes a new research agenda in urban sociology and politics applying primarily to European cities, in particular those that together make up the urban structure of Europe: a fabric of older cities of over 100,000 inhabitants, regional capitals and smaller state capitals. The contributors develop an analytical framework which views cities as local societies, and as collective factors and site for modes of governance. The three parts of the book examine the economics of cities, the social structures, and the modes and processes of governance. Each chapter comprises a comparison across several countries and examines critically the book's central theoretical perspective. This is not a book about the making of a Europe of cities but rather about how some cities can take advantage of their changing global and European environment.
Crystal Structure of the Ribonucleoprotein Core of the Signal Recognition Particle (2000)

The signal recognition particle (SRP), a protein-RNA complex conserved in all three kingdoms of life, recognizes and transports specific proteins to cellular membranes for insertion or secretion. We describe here the 1.8 angstrom crystal structure of the universal core of the SRP, revealing protein recognition of a distorted RNA minor groove. Nucleotide analog interference mapping demonstrates the biological importance of observed interactions, and genetic results show that this core is functional in vivo. The structure explains why the conserved residues in the protein and RNA are required for SRP assembly and defines a signal sequence recognition surface composed of both protein and RNA.
Extraction of spectral information from a short-time signal using filter-diagonalization: Recent developments and applications to semiclassical reaction dynamics and nuclear magnetic resonance signals (1998)

Filter-diagonalization [M. R. Wall and D. Neuhauser, J. Chem. Phys. 102, 8011 (1995)] is a new method for extracting frequencies and damping constants from a short-time segment of any time-dependent signal, whether of quantum origin or not. The method is efficient and able to handle signals with, e.g., millions of (possibly overlapping) frequencies, since it concentrates on specific spectral ranges. The method was shown to be a powerful tool for extracting eigenstates and normal-modes, and for reducing propagation times, in several recent works by us, by Mandelshtam and Taylor (who recently introduced the box filter) and by other groups. Here we extend the method in several directions: first, we show how it can be used with a filter of any form. Next, we show how the methodology may be extended to treat multi-dimensional signals, of the type that appears, e.g., in 2-D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Finally, we exemplify the performance of the various filters for two types of signals where the time-reduction property is potentially quite important: 1D NMR and a correlation function from a semiclassical propagation (due to Grossmann) analyzed recently with a box filter. Significant reduction in required signal lengths, compared with direct Fourier transform, are found in both cases.
Enaminone‐Based Mimics of Extended and Hydrophilic α‐Helices (2012)

Synthetic molecules capable of the mimicry of α-helices that are elongated and/or contain hydrophilic side chains have been largely elusive. However, the oligophenylenaminone structure can surmount both of these challenges (see scheme).
ProtoDash: Fast Interpretable Prototype Selection (2017)

In this paper we propose an efficient algorithm ProtoDash for selecting
prototypical examples from complex datasets. Our work builds on top of the
learn to criticize (L2C) work by Kim et al. (2016) and generalizes it to not
only select prototypes for a given sparsity level $m$ but also to associate
non-negative weights with each of them indicative of the importance of each
prototype. Unlike in the case of L2C, this extension provides a single coherent
framework under which both prototypes and criticisms (i.e. lowest weighted
prototypes) can be found. Furthermore, our framework works for any symmetric
positive definite kernel thus addressing one of the open questions laid out in
Kim et al. (2016). Our additional requirement of learning non-negative weights
introduces technical challenges as the objective is no longer submodular as in
the previous work. However, we show that the problem is weakly submodular and
derive approximation guarantees for our fast ProtoDash algorithm. Moreover,
ProtoDash can not only find prototypical examples for a dataset $X$, but it can
also find (weighted) prototypical examples from $X^{(2)}$ that best represent
another dataset $X^{(1)}$, where $X^{(1)}$ and $X^{(2)}$ belong to the same
feature space. We demonstrate the efficacy of our method on diverse domains
namely; retail, digit recognition (MNIST) and on the latest publicly available
40 health questionnaires obtained from the Center for Disease Control (CDC)
website maintained by the US Dept. of Health. We validate the results
quantitatively as well as qualitatively based on expert feedback and recently
published scientific studies on public health.