gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Front-End Readout as an Encoder IC for Magneto-Resistive Linear Scale Sensors (2016)

This study proposes a front-end readout circuit as an encoder chip for magneto-resistance (MR) linear scales. A typical MR sensor consists of two major parts: one is its base structure, also called the magnetic scale, which is embedded with multiple grid MR electrodes, while another is an "MR reader" stage with magnets inside and moving on the rails of the base. As the stage is in motion, the magnetic interaction between the moving stage and the base causes the variation of the magneto-resistances of the grid electrodes. In this study, a front-end readout IC chip is successfully designed and realized to acquire temporally-varying resistances in electrical signals as the stage is in motions. The acquired signals are in fact sinusoids and co-sinusoids, which are further deciphered by the front-end readout circuit via newly-designed programmable gain amplifiers (PGAs) and analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). The PGA is particularly designed to amplify the signals up to full dynamic ranges and up to 1 MHz. A 12-bit successive approximation register (SAR) ADC for analog-to-digital conversion is designed with linearity performance of ±1 in the least significant bit (LSB) over the input range of 0.5-2.5 V from peak to peak. The chip was fabricated by the Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) 0.35-micron complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology for verification with a chip size of 6.61 mm², while the power consumption is 56 mW from a 5-V power supply. The measured integral non-linearity (INL) is -0.79-0.95 LSB while the differential non-linearity (DNL) is -0.68-0.72 LSB. The effective number of bits (ENOB) of the designed ADC is validated as 10.86 for converting the input analog signal to digital counterparts. Experimental validation was conducted. A digital decoder is orchestrated to decipher the harmonic outputs from the ADC via interpolation to the position of the moving stage. It was found that the displacement measurement error is within ±15 µm for a measuring range of 10 mm.
The Interaction of Immunoglobulin Heavy and Light Chains in the Absence of the VH Domain (1977)

Recent studies of the micron- and kappa-chains of the first patient (GLI) with micronHCD indicated that the observed defect was the result of the failure of assembly of the intact kappa-chain to the micron-chain, which lacked the VH domain but had the CH1 Cys normally linked to the light chain. To explore the possibility that the VH region is necessary for the formation of the HL disulfide bond, in vitro studies were performed with GLI micron- and kappa-chains and with the CH1 domain and kappa-chain derived from an IgG3 myeloma protein, KUP, which yields separate VH, CH1, and kappa-chains after papain digestion and reduction. The proteins were reduced and allowed to reoxidize, and the combination products were assessed by gel chromatography under dissociating conditions by SDS-PAGE and by immunoprecipitation techniques. The results suggest that, although in vitro covalent and noncovalent combinations are possible between intact light chains and their autologous heavy chains even in the absence of the VH domain, the efficiency is less than that when the intact Fd region is used. Hence, it seems likely that lack of VH alone is not sufficient to explain the failure of assembly observed in muHCD.
“There will be blood” from fibroblasts (2013)

Keywords: : reprogrammingdirect inductionhematopoietic stem cellhemogenic endotheliumblood specificationGata2cFosGfi1bEtv6
Fabrication of high-purity single-crystal diamond nano-slabs for photonic applications (2013)

We present a mass fabrication method of diamond nanoscale slabs by alternating plasma etching and mask deposition. These slabs support NV− spins with long coherence times and are suitable for a range of nanophotonic devices.
Diffusivity of Cu Ions in Solid Electrolyte and Its Effect on the Performance of Nanometer-Scale Switch (2008)

A novel solid-electrolyte nonvolatile switch that we previously developed for programmable large-scale-integration circuits turns on or off when a conducting Cu bridge is formed or dissolved in the solid electrolyte. Cu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ion migration and an electrochemical reaction are involved in the switching process. For logic applications, we need to adjust its turn-on voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> ), which was too small to maintain the conductance state during logic operations. In this paper, we clarified that <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> is mainly affected by the rate of Cu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ion migration in the solid electrolyte. Considering the relationship between the migration rate and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> , we replaced the former electrolyte, Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2-alpha</sub> S, with Ta <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> , which enabled us to appropriately adjust <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> with a smaller Cu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> ion diffusion coefficient.
Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Results of two 52-week, Phase III, randomized, placebo-controlled trials (INPULSIS™) (2015)

Background: Nintedanib (formerly known as BIBF 1120) is an intracellular inhibitor that targets multiple tyrosine kinases.
Lithium Superoxide Hydrolysis and Relevance to Li–O2 Batteries (2017)

Fundamental understanding of reactions of lithium peroxides and superoxides is essential for the development of Li–O2 batteries. In this context, an investigation is reported of the hydrolysis of lithium superoxide, which has recently been synthesized in a Li–O2 battery. Surprisingly, the hydrolysis of solid LiO2 is significantly different from that of NaO2 and KO2. Unlike KO2 and NaO2, the hydrolysis of LiO2 does not produce H2O2. Similarly, the reactivity of Li2O2 toward water differs from LiO2, in that Li2O2 results in H2O2 as a product. The difference in the LiO2 reactivity with water is due to the more exothermic nature of the formation of LiOH and O2 compared with the corresponding reactions of NaO2 and KO2. We also show that a titration method used in this study, based on reaction of the discharge product with a Ti(IV)OSO4 solution, provides a useful diagnostic technique to provide information on the composition of a discharge product in a Li–O2 battery.
Pharmacokinetics of fluconazole in immune-compromised children with leukemia or other hematologic diseases. (1995)

Fluconazole elimination was well described using a two-compartment model. Oral absorption was rapid and nearly complete. Children have a larger volume of distribution for the central compartment and faster elimination rate than adults. Body surface area and weight are important factors in determining pharmacokinetics in these patients.
MoxWx–1S2 Nanotubes for Advanced Field Emission Application (2023)

Abstract Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanotubes complement the field of low‐dimensional materials with their quasi‐1D morphology and a wide set of intriguing properties. By introducing different transition metals into the crystal structure, their properties can be tailored for specific purpose and applications. Herein, the characterization and a subsequent preparation of single‐nanotube field emission devices of Mo x W x‐1 S 2 nanotubes prepared via the chemical vapor transport reaction is presented. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction indicate that the molybdenum and tungsten atoms are randomly distributed within the crystal structure and that the material is highly crystalline. High resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction (ED) patterns further corroborate these findings. A detailed analysis of the ED patterns from an eight‐layer nanotube reveal that the nanotubes grow in the 2H structure, with each shell consists of one bilayer. The work function of the nanotubes is comparable to that of pure MoS 2 and lower of pure WS 2 NTs, making them ideal candidates for field emission applications. Two devices with different geometrical setup are prepared and tested as field emitters, showing promising results for single nanotube field emission applications.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, CHEMISTRY, AND SPECTROSCOPY OF SOME TRIS(PENTAHAPTOCYCLOPENTADIENYL)URANIU(IV) ALKYL AND ARYL COMPOUNDS (1973)

Abstract Die thermisch stabilen Titelkomplexe (I) wurden durch Umsetzung von Chlorotris‐[rr‐cyclopentadienyl]‐uran(IV) mit entsprechenden Li‐Verbindungen bzw. Allylmagnesiumchlorid dargestellt und durch IR‐ und NMR‐Spektren charakterisiert.
A design environment for acoustic interfaces to databases (2002)

We present a novel service creation environment for spoken dialogue interfaces to databases. On the dialogue level, all procedural information has been hidden in the dialogue manager such that the application designer is relieved of the exact specification of individual dialogue steps and can work purely declaratively. The declarations comprise an application's tasks and the parameters needed from the user. On the linguistic level, the designer is requested to provide application specific templates, words, and phrases. A speech generator and a speech interpreter supply the deep linguistic knowledge that is necessary to produce the system's announcements and to recognize and interpret the user's utterances.
To Seal or Not To Seal: Study of Splashes (2021)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;iframe allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/qeCHyoLNd5c" width="560"&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;The data provided in this publication was used to deliver the first detailed mechanical analysis of splash curtain, providing a physical understanding on why the splash curtain sometimes seals, and other times it does not.&lt;b&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;When an object impacts the free surface of a liquid, it ejects a splash curtain upwards and creates an air cavity below the free surface. As the object descends into the liquid, the air cavity eventually closes under the action of hydrostatic pressure (deep seal). In contrast, the surface curtain may splash outwards or dome over and close, creating a surface seal. We experimentally investigate how the splash curtain dynamics are governed by the interplay of cavity pressure difference, gravity, and surface tension and how they control the occurrence, or not, of surface seal. Based on the experimental observations and measurements, we develop an analytical model to describe the trajectory and dynamics of the splash curtain. The model enables us to reveal the scaling relationship for the dimensionless surface seal time and discover the existence of a critical dimensionless number that predicts the occurrence of surface seal. This scaling indicates that the most significant parameter governing the occurrence of surface seal is the velocity of the airflow rushing into the cavity. This is in contrast to the current understanding which considers the impact velocity as the determinant parameter.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
Treatment with Cytochrome c and Evaluation of Insulin Secretion in a Patient with Kearns-Sayre Syndrome (1998)

A 23-year-old male with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS) and diabetes mellitus (DM) was treated with cytochrome c (Cardiocrome®). We evaluated the insulin secretion by glucagon loading test, as well as changes in DM control after the treatment. When the patient was diagnosed with DM, he had already presented with very low insulin secretion which further deteriorated with time. Symptoms found in KSS patients such as muscle weakness and sensory defects make control of DM more difficult. Cardiocrome did not ameliorate the insulin secretion, probably because almost all the β cells had already been irreversibly damaged. It was the improvement in the patient’s activity in daily life that was responsible for the decreased incidence of extreme hypo- or hyperglycemic episodes. Cardiocrome treatment for KSS may be useful in controlling DM at least through the improvement of the general life condition. For the direct effect on β cells, further investigation with more patients is necessary.
Flow Aware Traffic Management (2012)

When the TCP and IP protocols were first proposed the emphasis was on a simple best-effort service. Later on TCP was modified in order to address the issue of congestion control, that is to make sure that the senders would not overwhelm the network by sending data too fast. Over the years these protocols have shown an excellent scalability and have allowed the Internet to grow from a network connecting a few research centers to one that connects a very large number of computers all over the world. In its simplest form, which is still by far the most widely used, TCP congestion control works by using drop tail queues that simply drop packets whenever there is no more space in the router’s buffers. TCP senders react to these losses by reducing their sending window and, hence, their rate. This mechanism, while simple and scalable, has several
Periodic Electric Field Enhancement Along Gold Rods with Nanogaps (2009)

Eine periodische Abhängigkeit von der Länge des Au-Segments wurde für das elektrische Feld an der Nanolücke langsegmentiger Au-Nanostrukturen beobachtet. Bei optimierter Geometrie dieser Systeme resultiert eine intensive oberflächenverstärkte Raman-Streuung (SERS) an der Nanolücke (siehe Bild), wodurch Informationen über den Molekültransport und Schwingungsspektren simultan erhältlich sein könnten. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Layout options for stability tuning of SRAM cells in multi-gate-FET technologies (2007)

We present an investigation of different layout options for multi-gate-FET (MuGFET) SRAM cell design. Measurement results for four different core cell layouts are shown. Two different gate stacks using single mid-gap metal gates and HfSiON/SiON gate oxides were investigated. Static noise margins (SNM) of 210 mV have been measured at IV VDD. Trade-offs for MuGFET SRAM cell design are explored. The impact on cell area and scalability is examined.
Ground-state Dirac monopole (2011)

We show theoretically that a monopole defect, analogous to the Dirac magnetic monopole, may exist as the ground state of a dilute spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate. The ground-state monopole is not attached to a single semi-infinite Dirac string but forms a point where the circulation of a single vortex line is reversed. Furthermore, the three-dimensional dynamics of this monopole defect is studied after the magnetic field pinning the monopole is removed and the emergence of antimonopoles is observed. Our scheme is realizable with the current experimental facilities.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Oxidation of Ethers with H2O2 over Zeolites. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ARMA modeling and phase reconstruction of multidimensional non-Gaussian processes using cumulants (2003)

A statistical multidimensional sequence, generated by a non-Gaussian process, passes through a linear space-invariant (perhaps ARMA) model and colored Gaussian noise is added at the output. Given output cumulants, algorithms are derived for the nonparametric reconstruction of the system's phase as well as for the parametric identification of the ARMA model, which can be noncausal or have nonseparable denominator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
<title>Use of static versus dynamic wavelength converters in all-optical networks</title> (1998)

In this paper, the importance of wavelength converter modules in all-optical networks is highlighted. Two types of wavelength converters are proposed, static and dynamic wavelength converters. A wavelength converter (also referred to as Frequency Transformer) converts the wavelength of the incoming optical signal to another wavelength in the wavelength spectrum. The goal of this work is to provide some insights into the effect of static versus dynamic wavelength conversion on the performance of optical networks based on Bidirectional de Bruijn (BdB) topology. We study how performance (in terms of blocking probability and the network load) depend on the number of wavelengths per optical link. We also evaluate performance of a given network employing both static and dynamic wavelength converters through simulation and present the simulation results. The motivation behind having static wavelength converters is the relatively low cost compared to dynamic wavelength converters. Also an Error-Correcting Routing Algorithm (ECRA) is proposed that makes use of static wavelength converters which is based on the principle of error-correcting routing.
Inner scale of turbulence as derived from NAVSLaM and applied to measurements of scintillation (2021)

Atmospheric turbulence parameters are measured routinely across the Chesapeake Bay. The 16.2km propagation path is slightly sloped, with the laser transmitter at a height of 30m while the receivers are at 5m above sea level. We measure angle-of-arrival variance to give C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup> and irradiance variance over various apertured receivers to give &sigma;<sub>I</sub><sup>2</sup>.The Navy Atmospheric Vertical Surface Layer Model (NAVSLaM) is used to predict C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup> that is based upon prevailing meteorological parameters. Comparison with measured C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup> over extended time periods shows reasonable correlation. A value of the inner scale of turbulence l0 is also predicted from NAVSLaM. This paper looks at the significance of using C<sub>n</sub><sup>2</sup> and l<sub>0</sub> from NAVSLaM in standard analytical models of scintillation.
DPC 817: a Cytidine Nucleoside Analog with Activity against Zidovudine- and Lamivudine-Resistant Viral Variants (2002)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) is the standard treatment for infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HAART regimens consist of protease inhibitors or nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors combined with two or more nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). DPC 817, 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (PSI 5582 D-D4FC) is a potent inhibitor of HIV type 1 replication in vitro. Importantly, DPC 817 retains activity against isolates harboring mutations in the reverse transcriptase gene that confer resistance to lamivudine (3TC) and zidovudine (AZT), which are frequent components of initial HAART regimens. DPC 817 combines this favorable resistance profile with rapid uptake and conversion to the active metabolite DPC 817-triphosphate, which has an intracellular half-life of 13 to 17 h. Pharmacokinetics in the rhesus monkey suggest low clearance of parent DPC 817 and a plasma half-life longer than that of either AZT or 3TC. Together, these properties suggest that DPC 817 may be useful as a component of HAART regimens in individuals with resistance to older NRTI agents.
Maskless Lithography Tool for Fabrication and Inspection of Diffractive Optical Elements and Computer Generated Holograms (2010)

A high-speed maskless lithography tool is described for fabricating diffractive optical elements and computer generated holograms. The system has the capability to write gray-scale features is also used for inspection of the sample after fabrication.
Membrane-stabilizing copolymers confer marked protection to dystrophic skeletal muscle in vivo (2015)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal disease of striated muscle deterioration. A unique therapeutic approach for DMD is the use of synthetic membrane stabilizers to protect the fragile dystrophic sarcolemma against contraction-induced mechanical stress. Block copolymer-based membrane stabilizer poloxamer 188 (P188) has been shown to protect the dystrophic myocardium. In comparison, the ability of synthetic membrane stabilizers to protect fragile DMD skeletal muscles has been less clear. Because cardiac and skeletal muscles have distinct structural and functional features, including differences in the mechanism of activation, variance in sarcolemma phospholipid composition, and differences in the magnitude and types of forces generated, we speculated that optimized membrane stabilization could be inherently different. Our objective here is to use principles of pharmacodynamics to evaluate membrane stabilization therapy for DMD skeletal muscles. Results show a dramatic differential effect of membrane stabilization by optimization of pharmacodynamic-guided route of poloxamer delivery. Data show that subcutaneous P188 delivery, but not intravascular or intraperitoneal routes, conferred significant protection to dystrophic limb skeletal muscles undergoing mechanical stress in vivo. In addition, structure-function examination of synthetic membrane stabilizers further underscores the importance of copolymer composition, molecular weight, and dosage in optimization of poloxamer pharmacodynamics in vivo.
A study on fast rate-distortion optimized coding mode decision for H.264 (2005)

The H.264 video coding standard can achieve considerably higher coding efficiency than any other existing standards by deciding the best mode among many prediction modes and various sixes of prediction blocks. Although the coding efficiency is improved by using Lagrange optimization for the mode decision, computational complexity increases significantly at the encoder. In this paper, we propose the fast rate-distortion optimization method for the hierarchical and adaptive coding mode decision in order to reduce the number of candidates for the best coding mode.
A Phase 2 study of L‐asparaginase encapsulated in erythrocytes in elderly patients with Philadelphia chromosome negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia: The GRASPALL/GRAALL‐SA2‐2008 study (2015)

The addition of GRASPA®, especially at the 100 IU/kg dose level, is feasible in elderly patients without excessive toxicity and associated with durable asparagine depletion. (clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT01523782).