gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydroformylation diastéréosélective de monoterpènes chiraux catalysée par des complexes dinucléaires du rhodium (1996)

L'hydroformylation de monoterpenes homochiraux a ete etudiee en presence de complexes dinucleaires du rhodium a ponts thiolato contenant des ligands phosphores monodentes et bidentes. Les monoterpenes qui possedent une double liaison ethylenique en position terminale sont carbonyles a basse pression (5-20 bar). En revanche, les doubles liaisons endocycliques di- ou trisubstituees sont carbonylees entre 100 et 150 bar. L'introduction de ponts thioaminoacide entre les atomes de rhodium du precurseur catalytique permet de realiser in situ l'acetalisation quantitative des aldehydes issus de l'hydroformylation. L'hydroformylation provoque la creation d'un ou deux centres chiraux. En presence de monophosphines, la reaction est diastereoselective et le niveau de l'induction asymetrique depend en fait de la structure du substrat. L'utilisation de diphosphines chirales ou non n'a pas permis d'ameliorer la diastereoselectivite. Les aldehydes formes qui possedent une fonction alcool en position delta ou gamma du groupement formyle conduisent a une cyclisation intramoleculaire. La rmn 13c s'est revelee une technique de choix pour caracteriser les produits issus de la carbonylation et identifier les diastereoisomeres
A new species of Taraxacum sect. Arctica (Asteraceae, Crepidinae) from northern Kamchatka, Russia, with a synoptic survey and a nomenclator of the section in Russia (2022)

Taraxacum sect. Arctica (Asteraceae, Crepidinae) is a circumpolar and alpidic group, relatively satisfactorily explored and studied. It is comprised of more than 55 species, five of them having sexual reproduction (mostly confined to NE Russia and the Aleutians), the majority with agamospermous reproduction. We examined representative material, including types, of almost all taxa formally recognized in the literature, compiled a synoptic survey of T. sect. Arctica in Russia (46 taxa) and a nomenclatural checklist (55 names), and evaluated new collections from Kamchatka. A new species was revealed in the material from northern Kamchatka, distinct in blackish purple to black-violet achenes with sparse and short spinulosity and a very gradual body/cone transition, a short cone, the absence of pollen, and tubular florets. It is newly described as T. atropurpureum.
<title>Region-based video coder using edge flow segmentation and hierarchical affine region matching</title> (1998)

The essential motivations, towards an object-based approach to video coding, include possible object-based coding scheme. In this work we present an region-based video coder which uses a segmentation map obtained from the previous reconstructed frame, thereby eliminating the need to transmit expensive shape information to the decoder. While the inspiration for this work is derived from previous work by Yokoyama et al, there are major differences between our work and the earlier effort, in the segmentation scheme employed, the motion model, and the handling of overlapped and uncovered regions. We use an edge flow based segmentation scheme, which appears to produce consistent segmentation results over a variety of natural images. Since it combines luminance, chrominance and texture information for image segmentation, it is well suited to segment real world images For motion compensation, we choose an affine model, and use hierarchical region-matching for accurate affine parameter estimation. Heuristic techniques are used to eliminate overlapped and uncovered regions after motion compensation. Extensive coding results of our implementation are presented.
Galvanomagnetic Effect of Permalloy Wire under a Local Magnetic Field. (2000)

The magnetoresistance of an Fe-Ni permalloy wire with a crossing Cu wire was investigated. In this system, the magnetic field produced by an electric current flowing in the Cu wire acts locally on a part of the Fe-Ni wire. The magnetization reversal of the Fe-Ni wire can be controlled by adjusting the strength and sense of the local field. The results are explained by a simple model which assumes that an effective magnetic field is a sum of the external and local magnetic fields.
Highly Stable and Dense Colloids of Silica-Coated Gold Nanoparticles as X-Ray Absorbing Media for Medical Applications (2006)

Abstract not Available.
An Extensible Vector Toolkit and Parts Library for Advanced Engineering of Plant Genomes (2022)

Abstract Plant biotechnology is rife with new advances in transformation and genome engineering techniques. A common requirement for delivery and coordinated expression in plant cells, however, places the design and assembly of transformation constructs at a crucial juncture as desired reagent suites grow more complex. Modular cloning principles have simplified some aspects of vector design, yet many important components remain unavailable or poorly adapted for rapid implementation in biotechnology research. Here, we describe a universal Golden Gate cloning toolkit for vector construction. The toolkit chassis is compatible with the widely accepted Phytobrick standard for genetic parts, and supports assembly of arbitrarily complex T-DNAs through improved capacity, positional flexibility, and extensibility in comparison to extant kits. We also provision a substantial library of newly adapted Phytobricks, including regulatory elements for monocot and dicot gene expression, and coding sequences for genes of interest such as reporters, developmental regulators, and site-specific recombinases. Finally, we use a series of dual luciferase assays to measure contributions to expression from promoters, terminators, and from cross-cassette interactions attributable to enhancer elements in certain promoters. Taken together, these publicly available cloning resources can greatly accelerate the testing and deployment of new tools for plant engineering.
Development of the Control System Using EGR for the HCCI Engine Running on DME (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Tumor Delivery of Ultrasound Contrast Agents Using Shiga Toxin B Subunit (2011)

The present study demonstrates the targeting of ultrasound contrast agents to human xenograft tumors by exploiting the overexpression of the glycolipid Gb3 in neovasculature. To this end, microbubbles were functionalized with a natural Gb3 ligand, the B subunit of the Shiga toxin (STxB). The targeting of Gb3-expressing tumor cells by STxB microbubbles was first shown by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. A significantly higher proportion of STxB microbubbles were associated with Gb3-expressing tumor cells compared to cells in which Gb3 expression was inhibited. Moreover, ultrasonic imaging of culture plates showed a 12 dB contrast enhancement in average backscattered acoustic intensity on the surface of Gb3-expressing cells compared to Gb3-negative cells. Also, a 18 dB contrast enhancement was found in favor of STxB microbubbles compared to unspecific microbubbles. Microbubble signal intensity in subcutaneous tumors in mice was more than twice as high after the injection of STxB-functionalized microbubbles compared to the injection of unspecific microbubbles. These in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that STxB-functionalized microbubbles bind specifically to cells expressing the Gb3 glycolipid. The cell-binding moieties of toxins thus appear as a new group of ligands for angiogenesis imaging with ultrasound.
Synthetic Routes to Ga(CN)3 and MGa(CN)4 (M = Li, Cu) Framework Structures (1997)

Ga(CN)3 has been prepared for the first time with a new method for preparation of inorganic cyanides. Pure crystalline material is formed by reaction of Cl2GaN3 with SiMe3CN via elimination of SiMe3N3 and SiMe3Cl. Reaction of GaCl3 with SiMe3CN also provides Ga(CN)3. A new convenient route to GeMe3CN and SnMe3CN is described, but reactions of GaCl3 with these compounds result in Lewis acid−base adducts. The composition of Ga(CN)3 was confirmed by spectroscopic and elemental analysis. Quantitative X-ray powder diffraction was used to refine the cubic structure, which has CN groups with orientational disorder in a Prussian-blue-like network structure. The symmetry is Pm3̄m, a = 5.295(2) Å. Ga is octahedrally surrounded by on average three C and three N atoms with a Ga−(C,N) bond length of 2.072(2) Å, and the C−N bond length is 1.148(1) Å. LiGa(CN)4 was prepared by reaction of Ga(CN)3 with LiCN and was characterized by quantitative X-ray diffraction. The symmetry is P4̄3m, a = 5.874(2) Å, and the structure consists of LiN4 and GaC4 tetrahedra linked by C−N bonds to form two interpenetrating networks of the Zn(CN)2 type. CuGa(CN)4 has a similar structure with a = 5.729(5) Å, but Cu,Ga and/or C,N disorder cannot be ruled out.
High-speed low-coherence interferometer for optical coherence tomography (2002)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging technology, which provides subsurface imaging of biological tissue with a resolution in the micrometer range. OCT sensors either work in the time or Fourier domain. We present a new interferometer setup based on a ﬁber double pinhole arrangement. Two ﬁbers are placed in parallel similar to Young’s two-pinhole interference experiment with spatial coherent and temporal incoherent light. The interference pattern is observed on a linear CCD-array. A complete A-scan can be derived from a single readout of the CCD-array. The experimental setup is described in detail. The main parameters of the setup are derived theoretically and compared with experiments. First images of technical and biological samples are presented.
Inkjet-Printed Flexible Active Multilayered Structures (2017)

Active inkjet materials are invoked in the fabrication of optoelectronic devices. These types of multilayer assemblies contain a variety of commercially available ink formulations. It is envisioned that a dielectric SU-8 material can be used in a FET-like structure to form an interlayer between conductive silver and semi-conductive MWCNT-doped PEDOT:PSS ink layers. These printed structures may be fabricated onto a polyimide based flexible substrate, for instance. These structures are a starting point for offering valuable information on layer-on-layer printing interactions and interface problematics within a complete inkjet device fabrication.
Quantum Noise Studies with Superconducting Tunnel Junction Mixers (1993)

We have completed our theoretical and experimental investigations of the noise properties of superconducting tunnel junction (SIS) mixers operated as both a phase insensitive linear amplifier and as a phase sensitive linear amplifier. We proposed a technique by which a SIS mixer could be operated as a phase sensitive linear amplifier, i.e., the gain and noise temperature of the amplifier are a function of the phase of the incoming signal. In this technique two phase coherent local oscillators at different frequencies are combined in the mixer simultaneously so both a phase preserving and phase conjugating mixing process occur resulting in a phase sensitive mixer.
A Power-Efficient Binary-Weight Spiking Neural Network Architecture for Real-Time Object Classification (2020)

Neural network hardware is considered an essential part of future edge devices. In this paper, we propose a binary-weight spiking neural network (BW-SNN) hardware architecture for low-power real-time object classification on edge platforms. This design stores a full neural network on-chip, and hence requires no off-chip bandwidth. The proposed systolic array maximizes data reuse for a typical convolutional layer. A 5-layer convolutional BW-SNN hardware is implemented in 90nm CMOS. Compared with state-of-the-art designs, the area cost and energy per classification are reduced by 7$\times$ and 23$\times$, respectively, while also achieving a higher accuracy on the MNIST benchmark. This is also a pioneering SNN hardware architecture that supports advanced CNN architectures.
Non-invasive ultrasound stimulation on the retina and visual cortex for visual restoration (2021)

Nearly 30% of the U.S. population aged over 75 have age-related macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa. 10% of them may become legally blind. Currently, blindness cannot be cured and patients’ living quality can be compromised severely. Electrical visual prostheses are used as the best near-term strategy. However, they have challenges including invasive devices, complex implantation surgeries, and limited resolution. Non-invasive ultrasonic neuromodulation can be a promising technology for non-invasive visual prostheses. Our work showed that direct ultrasound stimulation on the retina can evoke neuron activities in either normal-sighted or retinal degenerated blind rats in vivo, indicating a promising future of ultrasound stimulation as a novel and non-invasive visual prosthesis for translational applications in blind patients. For patients with damaged optic nerves, retinal prostheses are not effective. Thus, we also investigated the feasibility of transcranial focused ultrasound for non-invasive stimulation of the visual cortex to develop a non-invasive cortical visual prosthesis. Besides stimulations, ultrasound has been used to non-invasively monitor brain activity by imaging cortical blood flow. Our study shows that ultrasound-induced visual responses can be monitored by ultrasound flow imaging of the brain, constructing an ultrasound stimulation-recording closed-loop system.
Vision and Technique Behind the New Studios and Listening Rooms of the Fraunhofer IIS Audio Laboratory (2009)

Convention Paper 7672, 15 S.
Noninvasive identification of subcellular organization and nuclear morphology features associated with leukemic cells using light-scattering spectroscopy (2011)

Leukemia is the most common and deadly cancer among children and one of the most prevalent cancers among adults. Improvements in its diagnosis and monitoring of leukemic patients could have a significant impact in their long-term treatment. We demonstrate that light-scattering spectroscopy (LSS)-based approaches could serve as a tool to achieve this goal. Specifically, we characterize the light scattering properties of leukemic (NALM-6) cells and compare them to those of normal lymphocytes and granulocytes in the 440-710 nm range, over ±4 deg about the exact backscattering direction. We find that the LSS spectra are well described by an inverse power-law wavelength dependence, with a power exponent insensitive to the scattering angle but significantly higher for leukemic cells than for normal leukocytes. This is consistent with differences in the subcellular morphology of these cells, detected in differential interference contrast images. Furthermore, the residual light-scattering signal, extracted after subtracting the inverse power-law fit from the data, can be analyzed assuming a Gaussian distribution of spherical scatterers using Mie theory. This analysis yields scatterer sizes that are consistent with the diameters of cell nuclei and allows the detection of the larger nuclei of NALM-6 cells compared to those of lymphocytes and granulocytes.
101 Chemokine Receptor CCR5 Mediates Resistance to West Nile Virus Infection in Mouse and Man (2009)

The CCR5 co-receptor binds to CD4-activated HIV-1 gp120 surface envelope glycoprotein and facilitates HIV-1 entry into cells. Key portions of CCR5 involved in gp120 binding include its N-terminus and second extra cellular loop (ECL2). The N-terminus of CCR5 contains multiple tyrosine-sulfate (Tyr-SO4) residues that are necessary for binding gp120, as do several antibodies that react with the co-receptor-binding site on gp120. We have used a combination of NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography and molecular docking to solve the structure of the CCR5 N-terminus and the tyrosine-sulfated antibody, 412d, in complex with gp120 and CD4. These analyses have revealed a highly conserved Tyr-SO4-specific binding site on gp120 for which HIV-1 Entry inhibitors may be developed, and provide the structural basis for post-translational mimicry between the immune system and an HIV co-receptor. In ongoing studies we are using NMR and biochemical techniques to probe the interactions between CCR5's ECL-2 and gp120; results from these studies will also be discussed.
Synthesis of low/zero index of refraction metamaterials from frequency selective surfaces using genetic algorithms (2005)

Presented is a new means of synthesising thin, planar low or zero index metamaterials (LIM/ZIM) via frequency selective surfaces (FSS), the parameters of which are optimised using a genetic algorithm. FSS-based LIM/ZIM possess advantages such as light weight, ease of fabrication, low loss, and are readily scalable in frequency.
Lymphotoxin Pathway-Directed, Autoimmune Regulator-Independent Central Tolerance to Arthritogenic Collagen (2006)

Ectopic expression of peripherally restricted Ags by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) is associated with negative selection. Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is considered to be the master regulator of these Ags. We show in this study that the ectopic expression of type II collagen (CII) in mTECs and the corresponding central tolerance to CII are AIRE independent but lymphotoxin dependent. The failure to properly express CII in mTECs of Lta(-/-) and Ltbr(-/-) mice leads to overt autoimmunity to CII and exquisite susceptibility to arthritis. These findings define the existence of additional pathways of ectopic peripheral Ag expression, parallel to and independent of AIRE, which may cover an extended spectrum of peripheral Ags in the thymus.
PCEP Extension for Distribution of Link-State and TE Information. (1998)

In order to compute and provide optimal paths, Path Computation
Elements (PCEs) require an accurate and timely Traffic Engineering
Database (TED). Traditionally this TED has been obtained from a link
state (LS) routing protocol supporting traffic engineering extensions.
This document extends the Path Computation Element Communication
Protocol (PCEP) with Link-State and TE Information.
Whole-genome sequence data and analysis of Saccharibacillus sp. ATSA2 isolated from Kimchi cabbage seeds (2019)

<i>Saccharibacillus</i> sp. ATSA2 was isolated from Kimchi cabbage seeds grown in Gyeongbuk province in the Republic of Korea. Whole-genome sequencing of <i>Saccharibacillus</i> sp. ATSA2 was performed using the PacBio RSII and Illumina HiSeq platforms, and it features a 5,619,468 bp circular chromosome with 58.4% G + C content. The genome includes 4543 protein-coding genes, 104 RNA genes (70 transfer RNA genes, 30 ribosomal RNA genes, and 4 non-coding RNA), and 73 pseudogenes. Multiple gene clusters associated with stress responses, nitrogen and phosphorus metabolism, and plant hormone biosynthesis were annotated in the genome. The genome information will provide fundamental knowledge of this organism as well as insight for understanding microbial activity in the agricultural application. The whole-genome sequence of <i>Saccharibacillus</i> sp. ATSA2 is available at GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ under accession number CP041217.
3D Electron Tomography of Pretreated Biomass Informs Atomic Modeling of Cellulose Microfibrils (2013)

Fundamental insights into the macromolecular architecture of plant cell walls will elucidate new structure-property relationships and facilitate optimization of catalytic processes that produce fuels and chemicals from biomass. Here we introduce computational methodology to extract nanoscale geometry of cellulose microfibrils within thermochemically treated biomass directly from electron tomographic data sets. We quantitatively compare the cell wall nanostructure in corn stover following two leading pretreatment strategies: dilute acid with iron sulfate co-catalyst and ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX). Computational analysis of the tomographic data is used to extract mathematical descriptions for longitudinal axes of cellulose microfibrils from which we calculate their nanoscale curvature. These nanostructural measurements are used to inform the construction of atomistic models that exhibit features of cellulose within real, process-relevant biomass. By computational evaluation of these atomic models, we propose relationships between the crystal structure of cellulose Iβ and the nanoscale geometry of cellulose microfibrils.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Generation of isogenic pluripotent stem cells differing exclusively at two early onset Parkinson point mutations. (2011)

Patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from somatic cells provide a unique tool for the study of human disease, as well as a promising source for cell replacement therapies. One crucial limitation has been the inability to perform experiments under genetically defined conditions. This is particularly relevant for late age onset disorders in which in vitro phenotypes are predicted to be subtle and susceptible to significant effects of genetic background variations. By combining zinc finger nuclease (ZFN)-mediated genome editing and iPSC technology, we provide a generally applicable solution to this problem, generating sets of isogenic disease and control human pluripotent stem cells that differ exclusively at either of two susceptibility variants for Parkinson's disease by modifying the underlying point mutations in the α-synuclein gene. The robust capability to genetically correct disease-causing point mutations in patient-derived hiPSCs represents significant progress for basic biomedical research and an advance toward hiPSC-based cell replacement therapies.Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 21757228 Funding information This work was supported by: NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37-HD045022 NINDS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 NS076843 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA084198 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD045022 NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA084198-13 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R37 HD045022 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01-CA084198 NICHD NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 HD045022-06 More Less keyboard_arrow_down
The impact of thermal annealing on the morphology and diffusion behavior of platinum nanoclusters in the anodic aluminum oxide template (2010)

International audience
Analysis of a lithium fluoride, porous thermal energy storage unit subjected to cyclical thermal loading (1997)

A two-dimensional thermal analysis is performed to investigate the transient response and performance of a thermal heat storage module of a solar receiver, subjected to cyclical thermal loading in low-Earth orbit. The module is an annular region filled with lithium fluoride dispersed in a stainless steel honeycomb matrix. A He-Xe gas working fluid for a closed Brayton cycle engine flows through a tube at the center of the module where it is heated. The analysis used a modified volume-averaged homogeneous enthalpy method to predict the phase change of lithium fluoride in the annulus. The thermal cycle is composed of 60 minutes of solar exposure followed by a 30-minutes eclipse. A parametric analysis is performed which investigated the geometry and operation conditions for minimizing the size and mass of the module, while keeping the outlet gas temperature as uniform as possible throughout the flight orbit.