gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genesis of wireless broadband technology (from 2G to 4.5G) (2011)

The digital cellular technology revolution started with the introduction of GSM (Groupe Special Mobile) in the late 1980s. The GSM technology was based on time-division multiple access (TDMA) and was capable of supporting data services of up to 9.6 kbps. In the early 1990s, IS-95, a standard based on code-division multiple-access (CDMA) technology was introduced. This offered data rates of up to 14.4 kbps and improved spectral efficiencies over a GSM system. Subsequently, both these technologies evolved over time, with each phase offering higher peak rates and improved sector/edge spectral efficiencies. Both GSM and IS-95 CDMA evolved in different phases. In 1997, the Generalized Packet Radio System (GPRS) based on packet data instead of circuit data was standardized, followed by Enhanced Data Rates for Global Evolution (EDGE). Also, at the end of 1998, the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was started. This was responsible for defining a third-generation (3G) wideband CDMA (WCDMA) standard based on the evolved GSM core network. At the same time the GSM standardization work was moved from ETSI SMG2 to 3GPP, and was called GERAN. Similarly, in the United States the IS-95 standard evolved to cdma2000 under the umbrella of Third-Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2).
Achieving superwide-color-gamut display by using narrow-band green-emitting γ-AlON:Mn,Mg phosphor (2017)

The display backlight generated using sharp β-sialon:Eu (green) and K2SiF6:Mn (red) phosphors shows a very wide color gamut that mostly covers the whole National Television System Committee (NTSC) triangle. In this work, an alternative green phosphor is investigated to further improve the display color gamut. γ-AlON:Mn,Mg is a green phosphor that shows a shorter and narrower emission spectrum than sharp β-silaon:Eu. The display color gamut in the blue-green region is thus widened greatly by substituting γ-AlON:Mn,Mg for sharp β-sialon:Eu. The color gamut of displays with γ-AlON:Mn,Mg and K2SiF6:Mn exceeds 100% of the NTSC standard both in the CIE 1931 and the CIE 1976 color spaces. Furthermore, the white LEDs with γ-AlON:Mn,Mg have excellent stability that is comparable to those of LEDs with sharp β-sialon:Eu.
The Sparse Matrix Transform for Covariance Estimation and Analysis of High Dimensional Signals (2010)

Covariance estimation for high dimensional signals is a classically difficult problem in statistical signal analysis and machine learning. In this paper, we propose a maximum likelihood (ML) approach to covariance estimation, which employs a novel non-linear sparsity constraint. More specifically, the covariance is constrained to have an eigen decomposition which can be represented as a sparse matrix transform (SMT). The SMT is formed by a product of pairwise coordinate rotations known as Givens rotations. Using this framework, the covariance can be efficiently estimated using greedy optimization of the log-likelihood function, and the number of Givens rotations can be efficiently computed using a cross-validation procedure. The resulting estimator is generally positive definite and well-conditioned, even when the sample size is limited. Experiments on a combination of simulated data, standard hyperspectral data, and face image sets show that the SMT-based covariance estimates are consistently more accurate than both traditional shrinkage estimates and recently proposed graphical lasso estimates for a variety of different classes and sample sizes. An important property of the new covariance estimate is that it naturally yields a fast implementation of the estimated eigen-transformation using the SMT representation. In fact, the SMT can be viewed as a generalization of the classical fast Fourier transform (FFT) in that it uses "butterflies" to represent an orthonormal transform. However, unlike the FFT, the SMT can be used for fast eigen-signal analysis of general non-stationary signals.
Reliability of Clustered vs. Declustered Replica Placement in Data Storage Systems (2011)

The placement of replicas across storage nodes in a replication-based storage system is known to affect rebuild times and therefore system reliability. Earlier work has shown that, for a replication factor of two, the reliability is essentially unaffected by the replica placement scheme because all placement schemes have mean times to data loss (MTTDLs) within a factor of two for practical values of the failure rate, storage capacity, and rebuild bandwidth of a storage node. However, for higher replication factors, simulation results reveal that this no longer holds. Moreover, an analytical derivation of MTTDL becomes intractable for general placement schemes. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model that is applicable for any replication factor and provides a good approximation of the MTTDL for small failure rates. This model characterizes the system behavior by using an analytically tractable measure of reliability: the probability of the shortest path to data loss following the first node failure. It is shown that, for highly reliable systems, this measure approximates well the probability of all paths to data loss after the first node failure and prior to the completion of rebuild, and leads to a rough estimation of the MTTDL. The results obtained are of theoretical and practical importance and are confirmed by means of simulations. As our results show, the declustered placement scheme, contrary to intuition, offers a reliability for replication factors greater than two that does not decrease as the number of nodes in the system increases.
L'hyperthyroidie sévère associée à la prise d'amiodarone : une urgence chirurgicale. (1995)

peer reviewed
Erratum: “Computer simulations of dense hard-sphere systems” [J. Chem. Phys. 105, 9258 (1996)] (1997)

First Page
Bradykinin Receptor Antagonists (2018)

The term &quot;kinins&quot; is generally made in reference to either the nonapeptide bradykinin. Nearly all cells express kinin receptors that mediate the activities of both bradykinin and kallidin. Alternatively, the receptor binding environment might also be hydrophobic and thereby lead to similar conformational biases in the ligand. More recently, bradykinin B2 receptors have been cloned from both rat and human sources. The bradykinin receptor is a member of a family of receptors for which an intracellular interaction with a G-protein is a critical part of the signal transduction pathway following agonist binding. A hydrophobicity calculation on the amino acid sequence of the rat bradykinin receptor yielded seven segments, each of which were 21 to 25 contiguous residues with predominantly hydrophobic side chains. G-Protein-coupled receptors do not lend themselves to analysis by either nuclear magnetic resonance or x-ray crystallography due to their structural dependence on an intact cell membrane.
Acousto-Optic Double Side-Band Amplitude Modulation of a Fiber Bragg Grating in a Four-Holes Suspended-Core Fiber (2018)

A dynamic multiwavelength reflection filter is acoustically induced by the reflectivity modulation of a fiber Bragg grating in a suspended-core fiber. The fiber composed by four air holes is combined with a specially designed acousto-optic modulator to increase the modulation efficiency and to reduce significantly the device size. The effect of the two strongest modulator modes on the grating is evaluated at 374 and 474 kHz. The high-frequency acoustic waves are amplitude modulated by a low-frequency signal from 100 to 500 Hz, generating resonant wavelengths peaks in the grating spectrum. The modulated grating reflectivity is experimentally characterized in the spectral domain. The modulation depth, bandwidth, and number of the induced resonances are tuned by the voltage and frequency of an electrical signal. Up to 15 wavelength peaks with a spectral bandwidth of ~5 pm and a modulation depth up to 74% are generated, indicating new possibilities for compact and fast all-fiber acousto-optic devices.
An unpaired electron-based hole-transporting molecule: Triarylamine-combined nitroxide radicals (2007)

A durable nitroxide radical combined with a triarylamine moiety exhibited a hole-drift mobility of 6 x 10(-3) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), to which the aminophenyl nitroxide structure contributed.
The segmentation of the HMD market: optics for smart glasses, smart eyewear, AR and VR headsets (2014)

This paper reviews the various optical technologies that have been developed to implement HMDs (Head Mounted Displays), both as AR (Augmented Reality) devices, VR (Virtual Reality) devices and more recently as smart glasses, smart eyewear or connected glasses. We review the typical requirements and optical performances of such devices and categorize them into distinct groups, which are suited for different (and constantly evolving) market segments, and analyze such market segmentation.
Sucrase‐isomaltase Gene Variants in Patients With Abnormal Sucrase Activity and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (2020)

Heterozygous and compound heterozygous mutations in the SI gene were more prevalent in cases with abnormal sucrase activity presenting with FGIDs, and normal histopathology. This suggests heterozygous pathogenic variants of congenital sucrase-isomaltase deficiency may present as FGIDs. Concomitant lactase or pan-disaccharidase deficiencies were common in abnormal sucrase cases with SI gene variants.
Perioperative onset of acquired von Willebrand syndrome: Comparison between HVAD, HeartMate II and on-pump coronary bypass surgery (2017)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;Objectives&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Acquired von Willebrand syndrome (AvWS) is associated with postoperative bleeding complications in patients with continuous flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). The aim of this study is to analyze the perioperative vWF profile comparing an axial pump (HMII) to a centrifugal pump (HVAD) regarding the correlation between perioperative occurrence of AvWS, early- and late-postoperative bleeding events.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Methods&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From July 2013 until March 2015 blood samples of 33 patients (12 HMII/ 8 HVAD/ 13 controls) were prospectively collected at 12 different time points and analyzed for the vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), its activity (vWF:Ac) and the vWF:Ac/vWF:Ag-ratio (vWF:ratio). The follow up period for postoperative bleeding events was from July 2013 until July 2016.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Postoperatively, there was no difference in the vWF-profile between HVAD and HMII groups. However, a subgroup of patients already had significantly lower vWF:ratios preoperatively. Postoperatively, both CF-LVAD groups presented significantly lower vWF:ratios compared to the control group. Bleeding events per patient-year did not differ between the two groups (HMII vs. HVAD: 0.67 vs. 0.85, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.685). We detected a correlation between vWF:ratio &lt;0.7at LVAD-start (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = -0.583, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006) or at the end of surgery (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = -0.461, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.035) and the occurrence of pericardial tamponade. In the control group, the drop in both vWF:Ag and vWF:Ac recovered immediately postoperatively above preoperative values.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A subgroup of patients with end-stage heart failure already suffers AvWS preoperatively. In both CF-LVAD groups, AvWS begins immediately after surgery. Intraoperative vWF:ratios &lt;0.7 correlate with higher incidences of pericardial tamponade and re-operation. The presumably dilutive effect of the heart lung machine on vWF vanishes immediately at the end of surgery, possibly as part of an acute-phase response.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis and Characterization of Volatile, Fluorine-Free β-Ketoiminate Lanthanide MOCVD Precursors and Their Implementation in Low-Temperature Growth of Epitaxial CeO2 Buffer Layers for Superconducting Electronics (2002)

A new class of volatile, low-melting, fluorine-free lanthanide metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) precursors has been developed. The neutral, monomeric Ce, Nd, Gd, and Er complexes are coordinatively saturated by a versatile, multidentate ether-functionalized beta-ketoiminato ligand series, the melting point and volatility characteristics of which can be tuned by altering the alkyl substituents on the keto, imino, and ether sites of the ligand. Direct comparison with conventional lanthanide beta-diketonate complexes reveals that the present precursor class is a superior choice for lanthanide oxide MOCVD. Epitaxial CeO(2) buffer layer films can be grown on (001) YSZ substrates by MOCVD at significantly lower temperatures (450-650 degrees C) than previously possible by using one of the newly developed cerium beta-ketoiminate precursors. Films deposited at 540 degrees C have good out-of-plane (Deltaomega = 0.85 degrees ) and in-plane (Deltaphi = 1.65 degrees ) alignment and smooth surfaces (rms roughness approximately 4.3 A). The film growth rate decreases and the films tend to be smoother as the deposition temperature is increased. High-quality yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) films grown on these CeO(2) buffer layers by pulsed organometallic molecular beam epitaxy exhibit very good electrical transport properties (T(c) = 86.5 K, J(c) = 1.08 x 10(6) A/cm(2) at 77.4 K).
Thermoelectric Thick-Film Hydrogen Gas Sensor Operating at Room Temperature (2001)

A sensor of thick film NiO doped with alkali ions was fabricated and coated with Pt as the catalyst on half of its surface. When this sensor was exposed to air mixed with hydrogen gas, the catalytic reaction heated up the Pt-coated surface, and then thermoelectric voltage appeared across the hot and cold region of the oxide film. At 22°C, the sensor showed the built-up temperature difference and voltage signal of 0.12°C and 0.087 mV, respectively, for the 100 ccm flow of 3% hydrogen/air mixed gas, with the full response time, T 90 , of 55 s.
Comparison of adaptive diversity receivers for TDMA digital mobile radio (2002)

This paper presents a rapid adaptive channel equalizer and diversity combining technique for application in the US digital cellular system. The equalizer operates adaptively in order to cope with the time-varying nature of the cellular/mobile radio channel and the burst structure of time division multiple access (TDMA) transmission. The performance of the equalizer for fading channel with and without diversity combining is investigated. Our simulation results indicate that this techniques is numerically stable and provides a powerful means to reduce the intersymbol interference (ISI) produced by the radio channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: OKTAEDRISCHE NICKEL(II)‐KOMPLEXE VON CYCLISCHEN POLYFUNKTIONELLEN THIOAETHERN (1970)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Schwefelverbindungen (I), wobei die Verbindung (Ia) aus 1,2‐Äthandithiol und 2‐Chloräthanol und (Ib) nach Literaturzitaten erhalten wird, mit 1,2‐Dibromäthan in Na/Äthanol führt zu den neuen makrocyclischen Liganden (II), die mit Nickel(II) in Essigsäureanhydrid in über 80%iger Ausbeute die Nickelkomplexe (III) bilden, die als Tetrafluoroborate isoliert werden.
Evaluation of image quality and task performance for a mobile C-arm with a complementary metal–oxide semiconductor detector (2020)

We assessed interventional radiologists' task-based image quality preferences for two- and three-dimensional images obtained with a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) flat-panel detector versus a hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) flat-panel detector. CMOS and a-Si:H detectors were implemented on identical mobile C-arms to acquire radiographic, fluoroscopic, and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of cadavers undergoing simulated interventional procedures using low- and high-dose settings. Images from both systems were displayed side by side on calibrated, diagnostic-quality displays, and three interventional radiologists evaluated task performance relevant to each image and ranked their preferences based on visibility of pertinent anatomy and interventional devices. Overall, CMOS images were preferred in fluoroscopy ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.002</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and CBCT ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.004</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), at low-dose settings ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.001</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), and for tasks associated with high levels of spatial resolution [e.g., fine anatomical details ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.006</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) and assessment of interventional devices ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.015</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> )]. No significant difference was found for fluoroscopic imaging tasks emphasizing temporal resolution ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.072</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), for radiography tasks ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.825</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), when using high-dose settings ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.360</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ), or tasks involving general anatomy ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0.174</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:math> ). The image quality preferences are consistent with reported technical advantages of CMOS regarding finer pixel size and reduced electronic noise.
Stereoselective and regioselective propylene polymerization with group 4 bisphenolate ether complexes (2012)

Abstract Octahedral group 4 bisphenolate ether complexes, activated by methylaluminoxane, were tested in propylene polymerization in the presence and absence of diethyl zinc. The resulting polypropylenes were analyzed thoroughly by means of differential scanning calorimetry and 13 C NMR techniques. Despite structural similarity of the Hf and Zr complexes, the performance in propylene polymerization differs significantly in terms of productivity, isospecificity, and propensity to incorporate specific regioerrors. These catalysts are capable of generating high‐molecular weight polypropylene ( M n = 130,000–360,000 g/mol) with isotacticities [mmmm] up to 97% and melting points as high as 165 °C when very bulky ligands are used. 13 C NMR analysis revealed that the type and the number of regioerrors being incorporated into the polymer chain highly depend on the ligand and the metal. Polymerizations in the presence of diethyl zinc generate saturated low‐molecular weight polypropylenes ( M n = 1700–9900 g/mol) and facilitated an end‐group analysis, which revealed the presence of isobutyl and 2‐methylbutyl groups. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Disrupting fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans clinical isolates with tetracyclic indoles (2012)

Continuing efforts to discover novel means of combating fluconazole resistance in Candida albicans have led to the identification of an indole derivative capable of sensitizing strains demonstrating resistance to fluconazole. This tetracycle (2, ML229) does not appear to act through established Hsp90 or calcineurin pathways to chemosensitize C. albicans, as determined in S. cerevisiae models, and may be a useful probe to uncover alternative resistance pathways.
The Transitional Transmittance Response of ZIF-8 Gas Adsorption Observed Using Terahertz Waves (2018)

In this study, we recorded the transitional response in terms of terahertz transmittance of zeolitic imidazole framework-8 [Zn(2-methylimidazolate)2, ZIF-8] at 2.0 THz as a function of exposure time to gaseous propane and n-butane. The transmittance at 2.0 THz increased as gas adsorbed onto the ZIF-8. Conversely, during a nitrogen purge, transmittance decreased as the alkane gas desorbed. We estimated time constants for the adsorption and desorption of the two gases by comparing the plots of their responses. We also demonstrated the potential of using a combination of ZIF materials and terahertz technology as a novel gas analyzer. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2018.142]
Endotoxin-induced serum factor controlling differentiation of bone-marrow-derived lymphocytes. (1977)

Serum from bacillus Calmette-Guerin-infected mice injected with endotoxin induces the appearance of surface immunoglobulin, Ia antigen, and complement receptor on the surface of precursor bone-marrow-derived (B) cells. While endotoxin itself causes phenotypic conversion of both thymus-derived (T) cells and B cells in vitro, the endotoxin-induced serum factor was found to be a selective inducer of B cell differentiation. Spleen cells rendered immunodeficient by removal of B cells bearing the complement receptor regained the capacity to cooperate with helper T cells and to produce antibody against red cell antigens in vitro upon upon addition of the serum factor to the culture medium. Thus, a factor that controls selective phenotypic and functional differentiation of B cells has been identified and can now be characterized,
A simplified formulation of adhesion problems with elastic plates (2009)

The solution of adhesion problems with elastic plates generally involves solving a boundary-value problem with an assumed contact area. The contact region is then found by minimizing the total potential energy with respect to the contact area (i.e. the contact radius for the axisymmetric case). Such a procedure can be extremely long and tedious. Here, we show that the inclusion of adhesion is equivalent to specifying a discontinuous internal bending moment at the contact region boundary. The magnitude of this moment discontinuity is related to the work of adhesion and flexural rigidity of the plate. Such a formulation can greatly reduce the algebraic complexity of solving these problems. It is noted that the related plate contact problems without adhesion can also be solved by minimizing the total potential energy. However, it has long been recognized that it is mathematically more efficient to find the contact area by specifying a continuous internal bending moment at the boundary of the contact region. Thus, our moment discontinuity method can be considered to be a generalization of that procedure which is applicable for problems with adhesion.