gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Importance of insulin content in infant diet: suggestion for a new infant formula (2001)

Oral insulin promotes intestinal maturation and may prevent diabetes in animal models. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concentration of insulin in human milk and in different infant formulas. Our results show that the concentration of insulin in human milk is significantly higher (60.23 +/- 41.05 microU/ml mean +/- SD) compared with cow's milk (16.32 +/- 5.98 microU/ml mean +/- SD) and that insulin is hardly detectable in infant formulas. We propose the addition of human insulin to infant formula to match its composition more closely to human milk.
Short- and Long-Term Effects of Amiodarone on the Two Components of Cardiac Delayed Rectifier K+Current (2001)

Amiodarone has differential effects on the 2 components of I(K), depending on the application period; short-term treatment inhibits primarily I(Kr), whereas long-term treatment reduces I(Ks).
Congestion-driven regional re-clustering for low-cost FPGAs (2009)

FPGA device area is dominated by a limited amount of interconnect. CAD tools must meet a hard channel-width constraint for a circuit to be successfully mapped to a device. Previous work has shown that if a design cannot be mapped to a device due to insufficient interconnect availability, it is possible to identify regions of high interconnect demand and spread out the logic in this area into surrounding regions. This is done by re-packing logic in the affected regions into an increased number of CLBs. This increases the effective amount of interconnect in these high-demand areas. This methodology has been shown to significantly reduce channel width, at the expense of CLB count and runtime. In this paper, we extend this previous algorithm in two ways: we present novel region selection techniques to optimize the selection of which regions should be depopulated, and we introduce a local channel-width demand model which can be used to more accurately determine the amount of white space insertion at each iteration. Together, these techniques lead to significant run-time improvements and reduce the area of the resulting FPGA implementations. We were able to improve runtime by a factor of up to 5.5 times while reducing area by up to 20% when compared to previous methods.
Culture of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells (2002)

This chapter describes the isolation and culture of mammary epithelial cells from reduction mammoplasty tissue and from human milk in two separate sections and outlines the difficulties involved with the culture of epithelium from tumors. The structure of the gland and the role of cytokeratins in establishing cellular identity are described. Disaggregation of reduction mammoplasty tissue is achieved in collagenase and hyaluronidase and the cells are cultured serum-free in MCDB 170, while milk cells, which do not require disaggregation, are grown in serum-containing RPMI 1640. Both types of culture may be propagated, senesce after a few passages but give rise to foci of small refractile epithelial cells which eventually overgrow and can be propagated for up to a further 70 generations. Cryopreservation and immortalization of these lines is discussed, and the chapter concludes with sections on differentiation, growth in Matrigel, cell cycle synchronization, and DNA transfection. Preparation of MCDB 170 is covered in a tabular appendix.
The retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors are differentially expressed during myoblast differentiation (1994)

Retinoids (all trans and 9-cis retinoic acid) are pleiotropic regulators of cell fate, and have been shown to regulate the expression of helix loop helix transcription factors (e.g MyoD, myogenin and Myf-5) that control myogenic differentiation. The effects of retinoids are mediated through the ligand dependent retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs). We have found that the messenger RNA transcripts encoding RAR are repressed during differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts while, conversely, RXR mRNA transcripts are induced in C2C12 myotubes. These results imply that RXRs, play a major regulatory role in differentiated muscle.
Average charged-particle multiplicities inπ−pinclusive reactions at 147 GeV/c (1979)

The experimentally determined average charged-particle multiplicities, $〈{n}_{X}〉$, of the systems, $X$, produced in the following reactions for 147 GeV/c incident pion momentum are presented as functions of the square of the invariant mass of $X$, ${{M}_{X}}^{2}$, and of $|t|:{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}_{\mathrm{fast}}^{\ensuremath{-}}X$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{pX}$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Delta}}^{++}X$, ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{({\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+})}_{{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}}X$, and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}^{0}X$. Details of the analysis are discussed. These data can be fit by the expression $〈{n}_{X}〉=A+B \mathrm{ln} {{M}_{X}}^{2}+C|t|$ and the coefficients obtained for $B$ are equal within their uncertainties. $C$ is significantly different from zero only for ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}_{\mathrm{fast}}^{\ensuremath{-}}X$. These results and $〈{n}_{X}〉$ data from other inclusive and total-inelastic-reaction studies are discussed in terms of a simple model which assumes contributions to $〈{n}_{X}〉$ from the target-fragmentation, the central, and the beam-fragmentation regions in the case of total-inelastic reactions. For inclusive reactions, either the beam or target fragmentation is replaced by an exchange-particle-fragmentation contribution. The $s$, $t$, and ${{M}_{X}}^{2}$ dependence of the parameters of the model are deduced from triple-Regge considerations. The data are found to be consistent with the model and values are presented for the parameters.
Development for Low Stress Photosensitive Buffer Coating Material (2004)

The integration of new low k dielectric materials into active devices has proven challenging due to the fragile nature of these emerging dielectrics. This has created a number of semiconductor process challenges, which to a large degree have been overcome, and the latest set of challenges is now related to die fragility in a packaged device, which manifests itself primarily in poor thermal cycling reliability. To address this limitation, a number of packaging architectures now involve the use of compliant packages or low modulus materials. Today, polynorbornene-based stress buffer coatings are well suited to respond to the challenges presented by low k integration. The polymer has attractive processing properties, such as a low cure temperature, excellent dielectric properties, and desirable mechanical properties, most notably, low residual stress after cure. The suitability of the polymer as a stress buffer layer was further validated via a Finite Element Method simulation in an assembled flip chip package. A discussion of the polymer properties, processing conditions, and the results of the finite element model (FEM) simulation will be presented.
PMD Outage Probabilities Revisited (2007)

In the time intervals of its validity, the new hinge model for optical fiber transmission links requires a re-examination of the traditional concepts of PMD outage and their impact on system design. copy2007 Optical Society of America
Comparison of gadopentetate dimeglumine and albumin‐(Gd‐DTPA)30 for microvessel characterization in an intracranial glioma model (1998)

To compare the performance of macromolecular albumin gadolinium-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA)30 and low molecular weight gadopentetate dimeglumine for microvessel characterization, we examined an intracranial 9L glioma model in which increased angiogenesis, hypervascularity, and hyperpermeability mimic characteristics of clinical malignant brain tumors. Dynamic MRI data were analyzed using a bidirectional, two-compartment kinetic model to extract quantitative estimates for fractional blood volume (fBV) and permeability surface area product (PS). Three criteria were used for comparison of contrast agent performance: (a) tumor conspicuity, defined as the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR); (b) dynamic range of differential permeability estimates between tumor and normal brain; (c) reasonableness of blood volume estimates. Gadopentetate was superior to macromolecular albumin-(Gd-DTPA)30 for detection of 9L brain gliomas and for measurements of hyperpermeability.
SIF (2013)

Mobile app ecosystems have experienced tremendous growth in the last five years. As researchers and developers turn their attention to understanding the ecosystem and its different apps, instrumentation of mobile apps is a much needed emerging capability. In this paper, we explore a selective instrumentation capability that allows users to express instrumentation specifications at a high level of abstraction; these specifications are then used to automatically insert instrumentation into binaries. The challenge in our work is to develop expressive abstractions for instrumentation that can also be implemented efficiently. Designed using requirements derived from recent research that has used instrumented apps, our selective instrumentation framework, SIF, contains abstractions that allow users to compactly express precisely which parts of the app need to be instrumented. It also contains a novel path inspection capability, and provides users feedback on the approximate overhead of the instrumentation specification. Using experiments on our SIF implementation for Android, we show that SIF can be used to compactly (in 20-30 lines of code in most cases) specify instrumentation tasks previously reported in the literature. SIF's overhead is under 2% in most cases, and its instrumentation overhead feedback is within 15% in many cases. As such, we expect that SIF can accelerate studies of the mobile app ecosystem.
Thermal modeling and experimental verification using large-sized stacked chips (2017)

This paper introduces a thermal design method for 3D integration, using stacked thermal chips consisting of 100 polysilicon heaters in a 30 mm by 30 mm area on each chip to verify thermal models. For each heater, two levels of thermal load can be selected. Thermal effects from hot-spots in stacked chips were measured and verified in simulation results. Through this investigation, thermal models with a cooling plate were established. The resulting thermal design simulations can be applied to different conditions by varying both the power map of stacked chips and the flow rate of coolant supply toward an optimized operation point.
Numerical Analysis of Musculotendinous Forces and Joint Reaction Forces during Motion of Index Finger. (2001)

In this paper, an optimal method of numerical analysis was proposed for the musculotendinous forces and joint reaction forces in the index finger. The finger model at each position in motion was constructed taking three dimensional locations and directions of all musculotendons into account. The bones were modeled as massless rigid bodies, and each musculotendon was as a straight element from the origin to the insertion. A Iocal orthogonal coordinate system at each finger joint was used to define force and moment. Because the control mechanism of the finger is very complex, musculotendinous forces and joint reaction forces can not be calculated by only the static equilibrium equations of force and moment. The SQP method of the non-linear optimization was applied to solve this statically indeterminate problem. The results obtained from this analysis gave good agreements with well-known physiological phenomena. The optimal finger position, at which the sum of musculotendinous forces was the minimum, was determined in tip-loaded finger motion like touchtyping motion. The findings are very important to understand the functional anatomy and pathologic deformities of the hand as well as to develope a prosthetic design for finger joints.
A tight bound on the error probability of space-time codes for rapid fading channels (2002)

This paper presents the performance of space-time (ST) codes over rapid fading channels. A tight upper bound on the pairwise error probability (PWEP) of ST codes over rapid fading channels is derived. Also, an upper bound on the bit error probability (BEP) is evaluated using the derived PWEP. The existing and new bounds are evaluated for different QPSK ST codes and compared to the simulation results. The new bound is shown to be tighter than the existing bound by almost 2 dBs and is very tight to the simulation results.
Additional waves in the graphene layered medium (2014)

We investigate the features of additional waves that arise in the graphene layered medium, within the framework of nonlocal effective medium model. The additional wave is manifest on the biquadratic dispersion relation of the medium and represents as a distinctive nonlocal character at long wavelength. In particular, the reflection and transmission coefficients for the nonlocal medium are underdetermined by Maxwell's boundary conditions. An additional boundary condition based on modal expansions is proposed to derive the generalized Fresnel equations, based on which the additional wave in the graphene layered medium is determined. The additional wave tends to be significant near the effective plasma frequency, near which the graphene plasmons are excited inside the medium.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembling Structures Based on Hydrogen‐Bonding Subunits (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Energy-Efficient Classifier via Boosted Spin Channel Networks (2019)

With diminishing energy and delay benefits via CMOS scaling, there is much interest in exploring the use of alternative state variables such as electronic spin. Multiple research efforts are underway exploring both Boolean and non-Boolean design space using spin devices in order to make their energy and delay benefits competitive to CMOS. In this paper, we propose spin channel networks (SCNs) - spin-based circuits that exploit exponential decay of spin current to efficiently realize multi-bit dot product computation. We show that proposed SCNs can be employed with adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) learning algorithm to efficiently realize a binary classifier for breast cancer detection. The proposed SCN implementation achieves 112× and 14× lower energy per decision compared to the conventional all spin logic (ASL) and 20nm CMOS designs, respectively, for identical decision throughput.
Comparisons of Salivary Proteins From Five Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Species (2011)

Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) saliva, when injected into host plants during feeding, causes physiological changes in hosts that facilitate aphid feeding and cause injury to plants. Comparing salivary constituents among aphid species could help identify which salivary products are universally important for general aphid feeding processes, which products are involved with specific host associations, or which products elicit visible injury to hosts. We compared the salivary proteins from five aphid species, namely, Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov), D. tritici (Gillette), D. mexicana (Baker), Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), and Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris). A 132-kDa protein band was detected from the saliva of all five species using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alkaline phosphatase activity was detected from the saliva of all five species and may have a universal role in the feeding process of aphids. The Diuraphis species cause similar visible injury to grass hosts, and nine electrophoretic bands were unique to the saliva of these three species. S. graminum shares mutual hosts with the Diuraphis species, but visible injury to hosts caused by S. graminum feeding differs from that of Diuraphis feeding. Only two mutual electrophoretic bands were visualized in the saliva of Diuraphis and S. graminum. Ten unique products were detected from the saliva of A. pisum, which feeds on dicotyledonous hosts. Our comparisons of aphid salivary proteins revealed similarities among species which cause similar injury on mutual hosts, fewer similarities among species that cause different injury on mutual hosts, and little similarity among species which feed on unrelated hosts.
<title>Hall-effect sensor positional transducer</title> (1999)

This paper presents the usage of Hall-Effect sensors for the creation of a low cost, zero friction, minimally invasive precise positional sensor. Hall-Effect sensors are generally being used for revealing the speed of geared-wheels as well as the angular position of wheels having an array of magnets mounted on. In most cases the Hall-Effect sensor have only been used as threshold sensing devices for revealing the presence of magnetic field.
Hollow Core Fiber Optic Ring Resonator for Rotation Sensing (2006)

An exciting new fiber optic resonator architecture that addresses performance barriers of the past is presented for applications in rotation sensing. It uses bandgap fiber. Experimental results of first resonators showing encouraging performance are presented.
Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) technology for future ultra high density storage memories (2013)

We proposed Bit Cost Scalable (BiCS) technology in 2007 as a three-dimensional memory for the future ultra high density storage devices, which extremely reduce the bit costs by vertically stacking memory arrays with punch and plug process. We've applied it to just NAND flash, which is BiCS Flash memory, and established the mass production technology. Moreover, we can apply the BiCS technology to various memories. The critical scaling issues and the comparison among various 3D-Flash-type memories are to be discussed, as well.
Manual exfoliation of fresh tissue obviates the need for frozen sections for molecular profiling (2005)

Molecular macromolecules of high quality and sufficient quantity can be retrieved from human clinical samples using manual exfoliation and LCM to procure specific cell populations. The manual exfoliation technique does not destroy the original tissue source, thereby allowing subsequent formalin tissue fixation. The technique of manual exfoliation in conjunction with LCM can enable the molecular profiling of a sampled selected cell population. Because it does not destroy the original tissue, histologic correlation can be combined with molecular profiling.
EGR2 is critical for peripheral naïve T-cell differentiation and the T-cell response to influenza (2014)

Early growth response 2 (EGR2) transcription factor negatively regulates T-cell activation, in contrast to the positive regulation of this process by EGR1. Here, we unexpectedly found that EGR2 promotes peripheral naïve T-cell differentiation, with delayed T-cell receptor-induced proliferation in naïve T cells from Egr2 conditional knockout (CKO) mice and decreased production of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-9, and IL-17A in cells subjected to T-helper differentiation. Moreover, genes that promote T-cell activation, including Tbx21 and Notch1, had decreased expression in Egr2 CKO T cells and are direct EGR2 target genes. Following influenza infection, Egr2 CKO mice had delayed viral clearance, more weight loss, and more severe pathological changes in the lung than did WT and Egr1 KO mice, with decreased production of effector cytokines, increased infiltration of antigen-specific memory-precursor CD8(+) T cells, and lower numbers of lung-resident memory CD8(+) T cells. Thus, unexpectedly, EGR2 can function as a positive regulator that is essential for naïve T-cell differentiation and in vivo T-cell responses to a viral infection.
A Compressive Superresolution Display (2014)

In this paper, we introduce a new compressive display architecture for super-resolution image presentation that exploits co-design of the optical device configuration and compressive computation. Our display allows for superresolution, HDR, or glasses-free 3D presentation.
Apocytochromeb562 as a Novel Chiral Host Molecule: The First Enantioselective Reconstitution (1998)

A unique helix-bundled architecture with an exceptionally high conformational stability is exhibited by apocytochrome b562. Reconstitution of this new type of chiral host molecule with the racemate of a chiral zinc mesoporphyrin II having a 1,4-xylylenediamide strap resulted in perfect enantioselection of (R)-1.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Thyroid Cancers Exhibit Oncogene-Enhanced Macropinocytosis that Is Restrained by IGF1R and Promote Albumin–Drug Conjugate Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MAPK/ERK and PTEN/PI3K modulation of macropinocytosis and albumin uptake&lt;/p&gt;
Extrasynaptic localization is essential for α5GABA A receptor modulation of dopamine system function (2023)

Dopamine activity is known to be altered in both psychosis patients and in animal models, with promising new antipsychotics restoring normal dopamine system function. One such drug is GL-II-73, a positive allosteric modulator of α5GABA <sub>A</sub> Rs (α5-PAM). Interestingly, previous research has shown that a positive allosteric modulator of α1GABA <sub>A</sub> Rs (α1-PAM) does not share this ability, even when directly given to the ventral hippocampus, a region known to modulate dopamine activity. One potential explanation for this difference we examined in this study is that α1GABA <sub>A</sub> Rs are primarily located in the synapse, whereas α5GABA <sub>A</sub> Rs are mostly extrasynaptic. Determining the mechanism of this differential efficacy could lead to the refinement of antipsychotic treatment and improve patient outcomes overall.
Description of a large kindred with autosomal dominant inheritance of branchial arch anomalies, hearing loss, and ear pits, and exclusion of the branchio-oto-renal (BOR) syndrome gene locus (chromosome 8q13.3) (1998)

It has been suggested that branchio-oculo-facial (BOF) syndrome, deafness with ear pits, and associated conditions [MIM nos. 125100, 120502], and branchio-oto-renal (BOR) [MIM no. 113650] or Melnick-Fraser syndrome represent phenotypic variants of the BOR syndrome, which is inherited in an autosomal dominant (AD) manner and has variable clinical expression. Recently, the BOR gene was mapped to chromosome region 8q13.3 and its sequence was identified as the human homolog of the Drosophila eyes absent (EYA1) gene. We studied an extended family with AD inheritance of branchial arch anomalies (BAA), hearing loss, and ear pits, whose phenotype differed from that of patients with BOR in that none of the affected members had renal abnormalities or lacrimal duct stenosis. Fifteen affected members were studied; ear pits were present in all of them, whereas hearing loss and other BAA were present in 40 and 20%, respectively. Blood was collected from 31 patients; DNA was extracted by standard methods and amplified using primers from microsatellite sequences flanking the BOR locus on chromosome 8q13.3 (D8S1807, D8S530, and D8S543). Linkage analysis was performed under two models of AD inheritance with different penetrance: 100% and 80%. In both cases, the logarithm of odds (LOD) scores produced were significantly less than -2; exclusion of the 8q13.3 locus was also confirmed by multipoint LOD score analysis. We conclude that, in one large family with AD inheritance of BAA, hearing loss and ear pits, the BOR locus was excluded. This represents the first documentation of heterogeneity in branchio-oto anomalies, syndromes with phenotypes similar to BOR syndrome.