gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chlorpromazine affects glioblastoma bioenergetics by interfering with pyruvate kinase M2 (2023)

Abstract Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and lethal brain tumor, whose therapeutic outcome - only partially effective with current schemes - places this disease among the unmet medical needs, and effective therapeutic approaches are urgently required. In our attempts to identify repositionable drugs in glioblastoma therapy, we identified chlorpromazine (CPZ) as a very promising compound. Here we aimed to further unveil the mode of action of this drug. We performed a supervised recognition of the signal transduction pathways potentially influenced by CPZ via Reverse-Phase Protein microArrays (RPPA) and carried out an Activity-Based Protein Profiling (ABPP) followed by Mass Spectrometry (MS) analysis to possibly identify cellular factors targeted by the drug. Indeed, the glycolytic enzyme PKM2 was identified as a major target of CPZ. Furthermore, using the Seahorse platform, we analyzed the bioenergetics changes induced by the drug. CPZ hindered GBM anabolic pathways and stimulated autophagy. Consistent with the ability of CPZ to target PKM2, we detected relevant changes in GBM energy metabolism, possibly attributable to the drug’s ability to inhibit the oncogenic properties of PKM2. RPE-1 non-cancer neuroepithelial cells appeared resistant to the drug. PKM2 silencing reduced the effects of CPZ. 3D modeling showed that CPZ interacts with PKM2 tetramer in the same region involved in binding other known activators. The effect of CPZ can be epitomized as an inhibition of the Warburg effect and, thus, malignancy in GBM cells while sparing RPE-1 cells. These preclinical data enforce the rationale that allowed us to investigate the role of CPZ in GBM treatment in an ongoing multicenter Phase II clinical trial.
A 9b10b Line Code for 2.5Gb/s Upstream PONs (2009)

We propose a novel 9b10b line code suitable for the XG-PON1 2.5Gb/s upstream. It provides a good balance of line conditioning and efficiency. We show that this line code outperforms the scrambled NRZ code.
Internet of Things security: Are we paranoid enough? (2018)

Security has become a critical design challenge for modern electronic hardware. With the emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) regime that promises exciting new applications from smart cities to connected autonomous vehicles, security has come to the forefront of the system design process. Recent discoveries and reports on numerous security attacks on microchips and circuits violate the well-regarded concept of hardware trust anchors. It has prompted system designers to develop wide array of design-for-security and test/validation solutions to achieve high security assurance for electronic hardware. At the same time, emerging security issues and countermeasures have also led to interesting interplay between security, verification, and interoperability. Verification of hardware for security and trust at different levels of abstraction is rapidly becoming an integral part of the system design flow. The global economic trend that promotes outsourcing of design and fabrication process to untrusted facilities coupled with the prevalent practice of system on chip design using untrusted 3rd party IPs, has given rise to the critical need of trust verification of IPs, system-on-chip design, and fabricated chips. The talk will also cover spectrum of security challenges for IoTs and describe emerging solutions in creating secure trustworthy hardware that can enable IoT security for the mass.
Class, Gender, Pleasure, and Criticism (1991)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Diffusion-Controlled Simultaneous Sensing and Scavenging of Heavy Metal Ions in Water Using Atomically Precise Cluster–Cellulose Nanocrystal Composites (2016)

Development of a system that can simultaneously sense and scavenge toxic heavy metal ions at low concentrations is an ideal solution for in situ monitoring and purification of contaminated water. In this paper, we report on the synthesis and application of a novel system, luminescent atomically precise cluster–cellulose nanocrystal composite, namely, bovine serum albumin-protected gold nanoclusters (Au@BSA NCs)-loaded cellulose nanocrystal–alginate hydrogel beads, that can simultaneously sense and scavenge heavy metal ions, specifically mercury ions in water. Characterization of the system performed using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy elucidated the physical and chemical characteristics of the system. Additionally, we proposed a new method to visualize the diffusion phenomenon and calculate the effective diffusion coefficient of heavy metal ions in hydrogel beads by monitoring the fluorescence-quenching dynamics of Au@BSA NCs upon binding with mercury ions. Finally, practical applications of this nanocomposite were demonstrated using batch adsorption experiments as well as using a dip pen device loaded with the hydrogel beads for in situ monitoring of heavy metal ions in water.
L-edge x-ray absorption in fcc and bcc Cu metal: Comparison of experimental and first-principles theoretical results (1996)

High resolution Cu ${\mathit{L}}_{2,3}$ x-ray absorption spectra of bulk fcc Cu metal are compared with those of thin Cu layers in Cu/Fe multilayers. Comparison of the measured fine structure with that obtained from a fully relativistic first-principles calculation for fcc and bcc Cu reveals that Cu is bcc in Cu(3 \AA{})/Fe(10 \AA{}) and fcc in Cu(10 \AA{})/Fe(3 \AA{}) multilayers. This result indicates that the thicker layer simply acts as a template for the structure of the thinner layer. The excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical spectra also demonstrates the validity of the theoretical approach. The theoretical spectra are discussed in terms of their angular momentum composition and the energy dependence of the radial transition matrix elements. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Low distortion lens design for large scintillators (2017)

Tomographic imaging of large objects from an x-ray source require a 240 mm square scintillator that is imaged onto a 90 mm square CCD with <0.01% distortion. A large pellicle and internal folding mirror keep the optical elements and the CCD camera out of the x-ray beam path to minimize shielding requirements.
Increased production of soluble CD23 in rheumatoid arthritis, and its regulation by interleukin‐4 (1993)

CD23 status in RA is characterized by increased expression of CD23 on B cells, increased production of sCD23 in sera and supernatants, and increased sensitivity of RA PBMC and B cells to IL-4.
Quantification of Large Deformation with Punching in Dual Phase Steel and Change of its’ Microstructure – Part III: Micro-tensile Behavior of Pre-strained Dual-phase Steel (2016)

The deformation behavior of inhomogeneous microstructures developed by pre-straining was studied by micro-tensile testing to elucidate the cause of low hole expandability of ferrite-martensite dual-phase (DP) steels. Slip bands developed in the ferritic phase, when the DP steel was cold-rolled (CR) at a reduction of 60% in thickness; in the 88% CR microstructure, ultrafine ferrite grains with a strong texture were locally observed. While the nanohardness increased with increasing pre-strain in the ferritic phase, it was invariable in the martensitic phase. Tensile tests using micrometer-sized specimens with ferritic and martensitic phases revealed that the ultrafine-grained ferritic microstructure exhibited high yield strength but low ductility when compared to the slip band ferritic microstructure. While a shear type fracture occurred without necking in the former, the latter exhibited a chisel-edge type failure. Without ultra-grain refinement by pre-straining, the inhibition of slip transfer by the interphase boundary was a major contributor to the strengthening in the DP steel. The ductility loss of the severely deformed DP steel was presumably attributed to localized strain into the ultrafine-grained ferritic microstructure.
Data-Driven Estimation of Backward Reachable and Invariant Sets for Unmodeled Systems via Active Learning (2018)

Ensuring control performance with state and input constraints is facilitated by the understanding of reachable and invariant sets. While exploiting dynamical models have provided many set-based algorithms for constructing these sets, set-based methods typically do not scale well, or rely heavily on model accuracy or structure. In contrast, it is relatively simple to generate state trajectories in a data-driven manner by numerically simulating complex systems from initial conditions sampled from within an admissible state space, even if the underlying dynamics are completely unknown. These samples can then be leveraged for reachable/invariant set estimation via machine learning, although the learning performance is strongly linked to the sampling pattern. In this paper, active learning is employed to intelligently select batches of samples that are most informative and least redundant to previously labeled samples via submodular maximization. Selective sampling reduces the number of numerical simulations required for constructing the invariant set estimator, thereby enhancing scalability to higher-dimensional state spaces. The potential of the proposed framework is illustrated via a numerical example.
NAD+-Dependent 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Regulates Levels of Bioactive Lipids in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2008)

Elevated levels of procarcinogenic prostaglandins (PG) are found in a variety of human malignancies including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin synthase 1 occurs in tumors and contributes to increased PG synthesis. NAD+-dependent 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH), the key enzyme responsible for metabolic inactivation of PGs, is down-regulated in various malignancies. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the effect of loss of 15-PGDH on levels of bioactive lipids in NSCLC. We found that levels of cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal prostaglandin synthase 1 were commonly increased whereas the amount of 15-PGDH was frequently decreased in NSCLC compared with adjacent normal lung. Reduced expression of 15-PGDH occurred in tumor cells and was paralleled by decreased 15-PGDH activity in tumors. Amounts of PGE1, PGE2, and PGF(2alpha), known substrates of 15-PGDH, were markedly increased whereas levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2, a catabolic product of PGE2, were markedly reduced in NSCLC compared with normal lung. Complementary in vitro and in vivo experiments were done to determine whether these changes in PG levels were a consequence of down-regulation of 15-PGDH in NSCLC. Similar to NSCLC, amounts of PGE1, PGE2, and PGF(2alpha) were markedly increased whereas levels of 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGE2 were decreased in the lungs of 15-PGDH knockout mice compared with wild-type mice or when 15-PGDH was silenced in A549 lung cancer cells. Collectively, these data indicate that 15-PGDH is commonly down-regulated in NSCLC, an effect that contributes to the accumulation of multiple bioactive lipids in NSCLC.
A Catalytic Method for the Conversion of Silanes to Stannanes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Catalytic Method for the Conversion of Silanes to StannanesBenjamin P. Warner and Stephen L. BuchwaldCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 19, 5822–5823Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00098a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00098a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views947Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
KMEANS CLUSTERING FOR HIDDEN MARKOV MODEL (2004)

An unsupervised k­means clustering algorithm for hidden Markov models is described and applied to the task of generating subclass models for individual handwritten character classes. The algorithm is compared to a related clustering method and shown to give a relative change in the error rate of as much as 8% on a 30,000­word vocabulary, unconstrained­ style, on­line, writer­independent handwriting recognition t
Protective effect of rSm28GST-specific T cells in schistosomiasis: role of gamma interferon (1994)

Immunization with a single dose of 50 micrograms of recombinant Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione-S-transferase (rSm28GST) was able to induce a reduction in the worm burden, the number of eggs, and the degree of hepatic fibrosis as quantified by the measurement of collagen content in the liver of S. mansoni-infected mice. No relationship was found between anti-Sm28GST immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A titers and the levels of protection obtained. Adoptive transfers of Sm28GST-specific total, CD4+, or CD8+ T cells reproduced the protective effect obtained with the recombinant molecule. Moreover, experiments studying in vivo T-cell depletion demonstrated that anti-CD4- or anti-CD8-treated mice showed a significant decrease in the protective effect conferred, suggesting a role of the two T-cell subpopulations in the expression of Sm28GST-mediated protection against hepatic damage. Sm28GST-specific cells produced little interleukin-4 and high levels of gamma interferon. Treatment of immunized mice with anti-gamma interferon antibody totally suppressed the Sm28GST-induced protective effect and led to the rapid death of infected animals, suggesting a role for this cytokine in the expression of the protective immunity obtained after immunization with rSm28GST.
HIV Protease Inhibitory Bis-benzamide Cyclic Ureas:  A Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Analysis (1996)

A series of N,N'-disubstituted cyclic urea 3-benzamides has been synthesized and evaluated for HIV protease inhibition and antiviral activity. Some of these benzamides have been shown to be potent inhibitors of HIV protease with Ki < 0.050 nM and IC90 < 20 nM for viral replication and, as such, may be useful in the treatment of AIDS. The synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationship for this benzamide series will be discussed.
Optical simulation of phase-distorted imaging systems: nonlinear and adaptive optics approach (1995)

We discuss a technique based on nonlinear and adaptive optics for simulation of phase-distortion effects in imaging systems. This technique uses a nonlinear two-dimensional optical feedback system to produce a controllable spatially and temporally varying chaotic intensity distribution. The intensity pattern is converted into a spatially varying thin phase screen using an optically addressed spatial phase modulator. A chaotic phase distortion is then introduced into an imaging system's output image by propagation through the phase screen. A deformable mirror with computer control is used for simulation of large-scale phase distortions.
Instrumental and Sensory Analysis of Tomato Flavor (1995)

Sugars, acids, and flavor volatiles are components of flavor that have been measured instrumentally, revealing differences among tomato cultigens. For objective measurements to be useful, however, they need to relate to sensory data. In this study, objective and sensory analyses of tomato flavor were compared. Seven tomato cultigens were ranked for sweetness, sourness, and flavor and rated for overall acceptability by a panel of 32 experienced judges. Sucrose equivalents (SE), measured by HPLC, but not soluble solids correlated with sweetness at P = 0.10. In addition, SE highly correlated with flavor ( P = 0.03), while titratable acidity (TA) negatively correlated with overall acceptability ( P = 0.03). Regression analysis indicated that 2+3-methylbutanol, cis -3-hexenal, and 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one significantly contributed to flavor at a 5% level of significance. It is apparent from this study that sucrose equivalents are more meaningful than soluble solids for measurement of sweetness, and that certain flavor volatiles play a role in tomato flavor.
White LEDs using the sharp β‐sialon: Eu phosphor and Mn‐doped red phosphor for wide‐color gamut display applications (2016)

Abstract The sharp β‐sialon (Si 6‐z Al z O z N 8‐z : 0 &lt; z &lt; 0.1):Eu green phosphor, combining with a blue LED and CaAlSiN 3 :Eu red phosphor, is suitable for the wide‐color gamut white LEDs backlighting system, because of its sharp and asymmetric emission spectrum shape. However, the color gamut and the brightness of the aforementioned display is restricted because of the wide emission band of the CaAlSiN 3 :Eu red phosphor. In this work, we used K 2 SiF 6 :Mn as an alternate red phosphor, which has a sharp emission spectrum. The display with the white LED using sharp β‐sialon:Eu and K 2 SiF 6 :Mn shows a wide‐color gamut, which covers the hole NTSC triangle. The use of K 2 SiF 6 :Mn enables to realize not only a wider color gamut but also a higher brightness of displays, compared with the use of CaAlSiN 3 :Eu. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the white LED using sharp β‐sialon:Eu and K 2 SiF 6 :Mn is stable against temperature and also durable under the accelerated drive conditions.
Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction: From Homogeneous Catalysts to Heterogeneous-Based Reticular Chemistry (2018)

CO₂, emitted mainly from fossil fuel combustion, is one of the major greenhouse gases. CO₂ could be converted into more valuable chemical feedstocks including CO, HCOOH, HCHO, CH₃OH, or CH₄. To reduce CO₂, catalysts were designed and their unique characteristics were utilized based on types of reaction processes, including catalytic hydrogenation, complex metal hydrides, photocatalysis, biological reduction, and electrochemical reduction. Indeed, the electroreduction method has received much consideration lately due to the simple operation, as well as environmentally friendly procedures that need to be optimized by both of the catalysts and the electrochemical process. In the past few decades, we have witnessed an explosion in development in materials science-especially in regards to the porous crystalline materials based on the strong covalent bond of the organic linkers containing light elements (Covalent organic frameworks, COFs), as well as the hybrid materials that possess organic backbones and inorganic metal-oxo clusters (Metal-organic frameworks, MOFs). Owing to the large surface area and high active site density that belong to these tailorable structures, MOFs and COFs can be applied to many practical applications, such as gas storage and separation, drug release, sensing, and catalysis. Beyond those applications, which have been abundantly studied since the 1990s, CO₂ reduction catalyzed by reticular and extended structures of MOFs or COFs has been more recently turned to the next step of state-of-the-art application. In this perspective, we highlight the achievement of homogeneous catalysts used for CO₂ electrochemical conversion and contrast it with the advances in new porous catalyst-based reticular chemistry. We then discuss the role of new catalytic systems designed in light of reticular chemistry in the heterogeneous-catalyzed reduction of CO₂.
ΔΙΑΤΡΟΦΗ ΚΑΙ ΟΞΕΙΔΩΤΙΚΟ ΣΤΡΕΣ (2015)

Eλeύθeρeς ρίζeς:Βιοχημeία και Παθολογική Βιοχημeία [ΠΑΝEΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΩΝ, ΣΧΟΛΗ EΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΥΓEΙΑΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ]
Elucidation of the mechanism of cell type specific IRF-4-mediated transcription in CD4+ T cells (P1081) (2013)

Abstract IL-21 plays a key role in Th17 differentiation. Interferon (IFN) regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a critical regulator of differentiation in B and T cells, and Th17 differentiation is defective in Irf4 KO CD4+ T cells. In B cells, IRF4 is known to cooperatively bind DNA in partnership with the Ets family protein PU.1. However, PU.1 is not expressed in most T cells even though IRF4 is active within these cells, and the functional transcription factor complex that regulates Th17-specific genes was not known. Genome-wide Chip-Seq analysis was used to demonstrate that in T cells, IRF4 binds to a novel composite DNA motif that includes AP1 motifs and which we named AP1-IRF4 composite elements (AICEs). Moreover, IL-21-regulated genes in Th17 cells have co-localized binding of IRF4, BATF, and JUN family proteins, and the genes encoding these transcription factors are themselves regulated by IL-21 in CD4+ T cells. RNA-seq analysis revealed subsets of genes whose regulation by IL-21, either positive or negative, depends on IRF4, and reporter studies demonstrated that IL-21-induced transcription of these genes was dependent on both IRF4 and AP1 transcription factor binding. Our results demonstrate that by utilizing distinct binding partners and DNA sequences, IRF4 mediates cell-type and stimulus-specific functions in multiple lymphocyte lineages.
REVIEW OF TEST MATRICES AND CONDITIONS (1998)

National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 contains recommended test matrices and impact conditions for evaluating the impact performance of roadside safety features. This paper focuses on related issues that may warrant consideration in future updates of these guidelines. Specific areas discussed are, for impact conditions, impact speed, impact angle, energy considerations, accident data, and lateral offset relationship, and for test matrices, terminals/crash cushions (tests 30, 32, 33, and 39), terminals/crash cushions transition, truck mounted attenuators (tests 3-50, 52 and 53), optional tests, and side impact testing.
Hydroisomerization of Emerging Renewable Hydrocarbons using Hierarchical Pt/H‐ZSM‐22 Catalyst (2013)

Last site standing: A new generation of hierarchical Pt/H-ZSM-22 zeolites is designed for the efficient processing of upcoming renewable feedstocks. The enhanced accessibility of the active sites is vital for the superior activity and exceptional selectivity in the hydroisomerization of model molecules such as nonadecane and pristane.
Aerosol Drug Administration with Helium-Oxygen (Heliox) Mixtures: An Overview (2010)

Aerosol drug administration using helium-oxygen mixtures as a carrier gas has been advocated in the treatment of severe airway obstruction. Heliums low density has been shown to reduce resistance of gas flow through restricted airways passages, work of breathing, and minute ventilation requirements. Thus, it improves aerosol delivery in patients with acute airway obstruction, during both spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation. Although heliox has been shown to improve deposition of particles into the lung, the clinical evidence supporting the benefit of heliox is mixed. This review of the literature from 1934 – 2009 includes a brief review of the history of use of heliox in respiratory medicine, its physical properties and how they relate to the potential effects, limitations, and practical considerations associated with heliox-driven aerosol drug administration in acute and critically ill patients. Keywords: Helium, oxygen, heliox, inhaled medications, aerosols, bronchodilators, nebulizer