gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the security and usability of dynamic cognitive game CAPTCHAs (2017)

Existing CAPTCHA solutions are a major source of user frustration on the Internet today, frequently forcing companies to lose customers and business. Game CAPTCHAs are a promising approach which may make CAPTCHA solving a fun activity for the user. One category of such CAPTCHAs – called Dynamic Cognitive Game (DCG) CAPTCHA – challenges the user to perform a game-like cognitive (or recognition) task interacting with a series of dynamic images. Specifically, it takes the form of many objects floating around within the images, and the user’s task is to match the objects corresponding to specific target(s), and drag/drop them to the target region(s). In this paper, we pursue a comprehensive analysis of DCG CAPTCHAs. We design and implement such CAPTCHAs, and dissect them across four broad but overlapping dimensions: (1) usability, (2) fully automated attacks, (3) human-solving relay attacks, and (4) hybrid attacks that combine the strengths of automated and relay attacks. Our study shows that DCG CAPTCHAs are highly usable, even on mobile devices and offer some resilience to relay attacks, but they are vulnerable to our proposed automated and hybrid attacks.
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Dimensional Materials for Beyond‐Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2016)

Abstract Review: 184 refs.
TU‐C‐211A‐01: Becoming a Better Teacher (2009)

Every medical physicist is a teacher, either formally in the classroom or informally in the clinic. Some physicists skillfully fulfill their educational obligations, while others struggle with their teaching responsibilities. However, everyone can be a good teacher — what are required are determination, dedication and diligence. This objective was the focus of a 3‐day AAPM Educational Summit held immediately after the 2008 AAPM annual meeting in Houston. It will also be the goal of a second Educational Summit scheduled to follow the 2010 annual meeting in Philadelphia. Discussion of the outcomes of the 2008 Educational Summit, and plans for the 2010 Summit, are the topics of this educational session scheduled for the 2009 annual meeting. This session will include solicitation of suggestions from the audience for the 2010 Educational Summit.
Abstract 2459: Discovery of small molecule TAK1 inhibitors with antiproliferative activity in cell lines derived from hematological malignancies. (2013)

Abstract Transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a member of the MAPKKK family, is a key mediator of proinflammatory and stress signaling. It was shown previously that inhibition of TAK1 via the use of siRNA or small-molecule kinase inhibitors can inactivate NF-κB, down-regulate p38, and activate the intrinsic caspase pathway, resulting in profound induction of apoptosis. Herein we report the discovery of 5-fluoro-4-(imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazin-3-yl)-N-phenylpyrimidin-2-amines as TAK1 ATP competitive small molecule inhibitors. These compounds inhibit the kinase activity of TAK1 in vitro with low nanomolar potency. Evidence is presented that supports a mechanism of action consistent with inhibition of TAK1 kinase activity within the NF-κB pathway. Optimization of potency and selectivity for this series from hit to lead will be discussed, including the structure-based design and crystallographic determination of the binding mode. The outcome of efforts aimed at improving the in vivo pharmacokinetics of compounds is described. Results of kinase selectivity profiling for both an in vitro probe compound - AZ TAK1 - and an in vivo probe compound will be presented. Furthermore, we report low nanomolar antiproliferative activities in cell lines derived from Haematological Malignancies for these compounds. This cellular activity profile is suggesting that TAK1 inhibition presents therapeutic potential in Haematological Cancers. Citation Format: Dorin Toader, Jamal C. Saeh, Nin Guan, Francoise Powell, Raymond Chen, Corinne Reimer, Kate Byth. Discovery of small molecule TAK1 inhibitors with antiproliferative activity in cell lines derived from hematological malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2459. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2459
UCX: An Open Source Framework for HPC Network APIs and Beyond (2015)

This paper presents Unified Communication X (UCX), a set of network APIs and their implementations for high throughput computing. UCX comes from the combined effort of national laboratories, industry, and academia to design and implement a high-performing and highly-scalable network stack for next generation applications and systems. UCX design provides the ability to tailor its APIs and network functionality to suit a wide variety of application domains and hardware. We envision these APIs to satisfy the networking needs of many programming models such as Message Passing Interface (MPI), OpenSHMEM, Partitioned Global Address Space (PGAS) languages, task-based paradigms and I/O bound applications. To evaluate the design we implement the APIs and protocols, and measure the performance of overhead-critical network primitives fundamental for implementing many parallel programming models and system libraries. Our results show that the latency, bandwidth, and message rate achieved by the portable UCX prototype is very close to that of the underlying driver. With UCX, we achieved a message exchange latency of 0.89 us, a bandwidth of 6138.5 MB/s, and a message rate of 14 million messages per second. As far as we know, this is the highest bandwidth and message rate achieved by any network stack (publicly known) on this hardware.
Table S6 from The Lipogenic Regulator SREBP2 Induces Transferrin in Circulating Melanoma Cells and Suppresses Ferroptosis (2023)

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Automotive Enhanced Vision Systems - Issues arising from placing users in the loop (2008)

It is well known that Enhanced Vision Systems (EVS) improve pilot situational awareness and assist flight task performance, making them a firmly established flight deck technology in the Avionics domain. While similar technologies hold the promise ofbringing parallel benefits to the everyday driver, Automotive EVS is current a nascent technology for numerous reasons. In this presentation, a unique Automotive EVS system will be described and several concept applications will be reviewed. Subsequently, a set ofissues that emerge from the nature ofuser­ system interaction, the unique features of the automotive domain and associated system -ilities. Included in this discussion are aspects of system reliability, system availability, user acceptability, user adaptability and the important task ofbuilding user trust through reliable and hierarchical importance ranking and management of information presented on Automotive EVS. Speaker: Tom is the Lab Group Manager ofthe Human Machine Interface group within the Vehicle Development Research Lab at GM in Warren Michigan. He is responsible for developing next generation interfaces that enable safer, more efficient and pleasurable human interactions with GM vehicle interiors. This technical domain is comprised of User Centered Design process development, use of Design Language for brand differentiation and harmonious experience, in addition to the traditional focus of information management, display and control, and user human factors/usability testing. In addition to holding a PhD in Physical Chemistry from Northwestern University, Tom has an MBA from the University of Iowa. He began his career at the Rockwell Science Center where he developed high energy density materials for use as propellants and chemical laser fuels. From there he transferred to Rockwell Collins to lead organizations in the development ofavionics HMI and display technologies. There, he ascended to the position of Air Transport Director ofTechnology and Product Planning. Tom then joined Guardian Industries Science Center as the Director of Sputtered Films Technology, leading an organization charged with developing thin film optics technologies and products. Finally, he was the Director ofAdvanced Technology at Guardian prior to joining GM in 2006.
Spin-Glass Behavior in Graphene Oxide Powders Induced by Nonmagnetic Sodium Sulfate (2017)

Single or a-few-atoms-thick sheets of graphene and graphene oxide (GO) exhibit a range of unique mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties. While these properties have been extensively studied, research into the magnetics of graphene and GO systems is still in its early stages. A number of theoretical studies, which have yet to be verified experimentally, predict that various types of magnetism can be induced in otherwise diamagnetic carbon systems through (1) the introduction of defects in conjugated carbon networks (e.g., vacancies and covalently bonded functional groups that are abundantly present in GO), (2) the substitution of heteroatoms, and (3) edge effects. Although pristine graphene shows in many respects some of the most interesting features, unlike GO, it is difficult to produce pristine graphene in sufficient quantities to characterize or harvest its magnetic properties for real-world applications. In this study, we examine derivatives of graphene and describe an approach to induce a defect-based frustrated magnetic (spin-glass) phase in GO powders using a rather simple chemical process of surface modification by sodium sulfate (SS). Magnetization as a function of applied field (M-H loops) and the temperature dependence of magnetization in zero and nonzero field-cooling experiments show behavior that is typical for superparamagnets and frustrated magnetic systems such as spin glasses. Characterization of the magnetic properties paired with XPS and Raman spectroscopy reveal the nature of the chemical bonds and suggest that the exposure of paramagnetic GO to SS leads to the development of magnetic sites across the GO surface that form spin-glass-like phases similar to other spin-glass phases in highly disordered magnetic materials.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE ETHYLNITRONE OF ACETALDEHYDE (1980)

Abstract Diethylhydroxylamin (I) wird durch Oxidation mittels Silberoxid quantitativ in das Nitron (II) übergeführt.
Hammerstein-Like Predistortion Techniques for Wideband Wireless Power Amplifier Linearization (2007)

In this paper, a novel Hammerstein-like predistortion technique is proposed to linearize the wideband wireless power amplifiers. This Hammerstein-like predistortion technique is based on a Hammerstein-like block configuration, including a memoryless strong nonlinear block followed by a dynamic weak nonlinear block. Here the memoryless strong nonlinear block is utilized to account for the static memoryless nonlinear property, and the weak nonlinear block is employed to eliminate the memory effects. The validation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed Hammerstein-like predistortion technique in suppressing the memory effects in comparison to a traditional one.
Energy aware RAID configuration for data intensive applications in enterprise storages (2015)

Energy consumption of storage at data centres is increasing rapidly. Large storage facilities have various RAID configurations incorporating different RAID levels, numbers of drives, and media types. Nevertheless, few discussions of RAID configurations have been pursued from an energy-savings perspective. We first investigate how different RAID configurations affect not only application performance but also power consumption of storage installations. We then present the simulation results for power consumption and application performance obtained using various RAID configurations. These results reveal that a RAID configuration strongly impacts energy conservation based on application I/O features.
Prognostic value of psychological state in cochlear implantation (2015)

CI resulted in a significant improvement on the MMPI Paranoia scale (p = 0.02). Patients with abnormal pre-operative and post-operative MMPI scores also had an earlier onset of deafness, longer duration of deafness, and lower K-CID scores than patients with normal MMPI scores (all p < 0.05). The post-CI K-CID score had a significant negative correlation with the pre-operative MMPI Schizophrenia score (p < 0.01) and significant negative correlations with the post-operative MMPI Paranoia (p = 0.02), Psychasthenia (p = 0.02), Schizophrenia (p = 0.04), Hypomania (p = 0.02) and Social Introversion (p = 0.03) scores.
Meta-Learning Update Rules for Unsupervised Representation Learning (2018)

A major goal of unsupervised learning is to discover data representations that are useful for subsequent tasks, without access to supervised labels during training. Typically, this involves minimizing a surrogate objective, such as the negative log likelihood of a generative model, with the hope that representations useful for subsequent tasks will arise as a side effect. In this work, we propose instead to directly target later desired tasks by meta-learning an unsupervised learning rule which leads to representations useful for those tasks. Specifically, we target semi-supervised classification performance, and we meta-learn an algorithm -- an unsupervised weight update rule -- that produces representations useful for this task. Additionally, we constrain our unsupervised update rule to a be a biologically-motivated, neuron-local function, which enables it to generalize to different neural network architectures, datasets, and data modalities. We show that the meta-learned update rule produces useful features and sometimes outperforms existing unsupervised learning techniques. We further show that the meta-learned unsupervised update rule generalizes to train networks with different widths, depths, and nonlinearities. It also generalizes to train on data with randomly permuted input dimensions and even generalizes from image datasets to a text task.
Distribution of Inflammation Within Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaques With High-Risk Morphological Features (2011)

Inflammation, as assessed by both FDG uptake and histology, is increased in plaques containing HRM and increases with increasing number of HRM. These data support the concept that inflammation accumulates relative to the burden of morphological abnormalities.
SUMO wrestling in the cellular dohyō: crosstalk between phosphorylation and SUMOylation of PKCδ regulates oxidative cell damage (2021)

The novel PKCδ isoform has been shown to mediate a pro-apoptotic function in response to oxidative stressors. Siman Gao and colleagues performed an in-depth biochemical and molecular analysis of factors that regulate PKCδ function. They demonstrated convincingly that PKCδ is regulated by an interplay between SUMOylation and phosphorylation. They also showed that these events are critical for hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis, thus identifying potentially novel mechanisms that may be harnessed for cell protection. Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16050.
Establishment of high-throughput drug screening system using human limb bud mesenchymal cells derived from skeletal dysplasia specific iPSC (2022)

[Background] To achieve the disease modeling of skeletal dysplasia, human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will be useful but the induction method for limb bud mesenchymal (LBM) cells, which can give rise to most of the future limb elements - bone, cartilage and tendon/ligament, has not been established. In this study, we developed the induction and expansion protocol of LBM cells from human iPSCs, and a high-throughput drug screening system using human LBM cells differentiated from iPSC which is derived from patients with skeletal dysplasia.
Synthesis of a rare Earth Free Oxynitride Phosphor for white LED Application (2013)

The purpose of this research was to promote the performance of rare earth free oxynitride phosphor (BCNO: boron carbon oxynitride) for next generation of white LED. In particular, I undertook the following research topics, (1) Preparation of spherical BCNO phosphor particle via spray pyrolysis and (2) Enhancement of Photoluminescence intensity of BCNO phosphor using nitrogen containing polymer.
Confined modes of two dimensional photonic crystal defect cavities with Indium Arsenide quantum dots (2002)

We have fabricated and characterized two-dimensional photonic crystal with defect cavities containing self-organized indium arsenide quantum dots as active material. Single defect donor modes were found to have well localized close to the single defect.
Orthogonal Multicarrier Division Multiple Access for Multipoint-to-Multipoint Networks (2013)

We develop new transmission schemes for multipoint-to-multipoint (M2M) networks which, unlike the existing approaches, address duplexing/multiplexing and multiple access jointly and possess true M2M characteristics in the physical layer. In the proposed schemes, all forward and reverse links of the M2M network share the overall spectrum concurrently in an orthogonal frequency division manner. This provides increased degrees of freedom and enhanced diversity in scheduling and resource allocation, thus leading to performance enhancement. We first discuss practical implementation issues. Next, we develop our proposed schemes for both centralized and distributed access scenarios. Under the centralized access, we illustrate advantages of the proposed approach for M2M networks using a scheduling algorithm and provide a closed-form analytical throughput upper-bound. Next, we extend the proposed approach to multicasting and present a new scheduling strategy and its closed-form analytical approximate throughput expression. Under the distributed access, we develop a generalized multi-channel carrier sensing multiple access/collision avoidance scheme for M2M networks and propose a new scheme which exploits local channel information. Closed-form analytical throughput expressions for a specific scenario are also presented. Simulation results corroborate substantial performance gains of the proposed schemes over the conventional schemes in both centralized and random access scenarios.
Multicolor fluorescence activated cell sorting to generate humanized monoclonal antibody binding seven subtypes of BoNT/F (2022)

Generating specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that neutralize multiple antigen variants is challenging. Here, we present a strategy to generate mAbs that bind seven subtypes of botulinum neurotoxin serotype F (BoNT/F) that differ from each other in amino acid sequence by up to 36%. Previously, we identified 28H4, a mouse mAb with poor cross-reactivity to BoNT/F1, F3, F4, and F6 and with no detectable binding to BoNT/F2, F5, or F7. Using multicolor labeling of the different BoNT/F subtypes and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of yeast displayed single-chain Fv (scFv) mutant libraries, 28H4 was evolved to a humanized mAb hu6F15.4 that bound each of seven BoNT/F subtypes with high affinity (KD 5.81 pM to 659.78 pM). In contrast, using single antigen FACS sorting, affinity was increased to the subtype used for sorting but with a decrease in affinity for other subtypes. None of the mAb variants showed any binding to other BoNT serotypes or to HEK293 or CHO cell lysates by flow cytometry, thus demonstrating stringent BoNT/F specificity. Multicolor FACS-mediated antibody library screening is thus proposed as a general method to generate multi-specific antibodies to protein subtypes such as toxins or species variants.
Exchange-coupled hard magnetic Fe-Co/CoPt nanocomposite films fabricated by electro-infiltration (2017)

This paper introduces a potentially scalable electro-infiltration process to produce exchange-coupled hard magnetic nanocomposite thin films. Fe-Co/CoPt nanocomposite films are fabricated by deposition of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles onto Si substrate, followed by electroplating of CoPt. Samples are subsequently annealed under H2 to reduce the CoFe2O4 to magnetically soft Fe-Co and also induce L10 ordering in the CoPt. Resultant films exhibit 0.97 T saturation magnetization, 0.70 T remanent magnetization, 127 kA/m coercivity and 21.8 kJ/m3 maximum energy density. First order reversal curve (FORC) analysis and δM plot are used to prove the exchange coupling between soft and hard magnetic phases.
Toward Fairness in AI for People with Disabilities: A Research Roadmap (2019)

AI technologies have the potential to dramatically impact the lives of people with disabilities (PWD). Indeed, improving the lives of PWD is a motivator for many state-of-the-art AI systems, such as automated speech recognition tools that can caption videos for people who are deaf and hard of hearing, or language prediction algorithms that can augment communication for people with speech or cognitive disabilities. However, widely deployed AI systems may not work properly for PWD, or worse, may actively discriminate against them. These considerations regarding fairness in AI for PWD have thus far received little attention. In this position paper, we identify potential areas of concern regarding how several AI technology categories may impact particular disability constituencies if care is not taken in their design, development, and testing. We intend for this risk assessment of how various classes of AI might interact with various classes of disability to provide a roadmap for future research that is needed to gather data, test these hypotheses, and build more inclusive algorithms.
Predicting the Hermeticity of Compression Seals in Microchannel Hemodialysers (2014)

Most end stage renal disease patients receive kidney hemodialysis three to four times per week at central medical facilities. At-home kidney dialysis increases the convenience and frequency of hemodialysis treatments which has been shown to produce better patient outcomes. One limiting factor in realizing home hemodialysis treatments is the cost of the hemodialyser. Microchannel hemodialysers produced using compression sealing techniques show promise for reducing the size and cost of hemodialysers. Challenges include the use of a 25 μm thick elastoviscoplastic mass transfer membrane for gasketing. This paper provides a framework for predicting the hermeticity of these compression seals. The mechanical properties of a Gambro AN69ST membrane are determined and used to establish limits on the dimensional tolerances of the polycarbonate laminae containing sealing boss used to seal the hemodialyser. The resulting methods are applied to the fabrication of a hemodialysis device showing constraints on the scaling of this method to larger device sizes. The resulting hemodialysis device is used to perform urea mass transfer experiments without leakage.
DNA from A to Z. Daniel H. Farkas. Washington, DC: AACC Press, 2004, 144 pp., $25.00 ($20.00 AACC members), softcover. ISBN 1-59425-002-2. (2005)

DNA from A to Z , the third edition of DNA Simplified: The Hitchhikers Guide to DNA , fills a unique niche in popular science. Similar to Carl Sagan’s “billions and billions of stars”, Dan Farkas takes us on an alphabetized tour around the universe of “billions and billions of bases”.

Entries vary from single-sentence definitions of purines to up to four pages describing the PCR. The casual writing style avoids the pedantic chant of most textbooks and lectures on molecular pathology. Many entries begin with a pun against common usage. For example, whereas most …