gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commensal-Induced Regulatory T Cells Mediate Protection against Pathogen-Stimulated NF-κB Activation (2008)

Host defence against infection requires a range of innate and adaptive immune responses that may lead to tissue damage. Such immune-mediated pathologies can be controlled with appropriate T regulatory (Treg) activity. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of gut microbiota composition on Treg cellular activity and NF-kappaB activation associated with infection. Mice consumed the commensal microbe Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 followed by infection with Salmonella typhimurium or injection with LPS. In vivo NF-kappaB activation was quantified using biophotonic imaging. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell phenotypes and cytokine levels were assessed using flow cytometry while CD4+ T cells were isolated using magnetic beads for adoptive transfer to naïve animals. In vivo imaging revealed profound inhibition of infection and LPS induced NF-kappaB activity that preceded a reduction in S. typhimurium numbers and murine sickness behaviour scores in B. infantis-fed mice. In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, T cell proliferation, and dendritic cell co-stimulatory molecule expression were significantly reduced. In contrast, CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell numbers were significantly increased in the mucosa and spleen of mice fed B. infantis. Adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ T cells transferred the NF-kappaB inhibitory activity. Consumption of a single commensal micro-organism drives the generation and function of Treg cells which control excessive NF-kappaB activation in vivo. These cellular interactions provide the basis for a more complete understanding of the commensal-host-pathogen trilogue that contribute to host homeostatic mechanisms underpinning protection against aberrant activation of the innate immune system in response to a translocating pathogen or systemic LPS.
INDIRECT EVIDENCES OF PROLACTIN INVOLVEMENT IN PRECOCIOUS PUBERTY INDUCED BY HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS IN FEMALE RATS (1977)

The effects of 2-bromo-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) administration in maturing female rats with precocious puberty induced by hypothalamic lesions, as well as the milk secretion rate in these animals after their first parturition were studied. Treatment with CB-154 inhibited precocious vaginal opening induced by hypothalamic lesions. After the treatment with the derivative was terminated, the ovulatory response was not different from that of intact control rats. After their first parturition lesioned rats accumulate milk at a faster rate, following an initial depletion period than their non-operated controls. These results suggest than an alteration in prolactin release may be involved in determining the precocious puberty induced by lesions of the anterior hypothalamic area.
Printed active-matrix TFT arrays for x-ray imaging (Invited Paper) (2005)

A novel jet-printing approach to fabricate thin film transistor (TFT), active matrix backplanes for x-ray imagers is described. The technique eliminates the use of photolithography and has the potential to greatly reduce the array manufacturing cost. We show how jet-printing is used to pattern the layers of the active matrix array and also to deposit semiconductor material. The technique is applied to both amorphous silicon and polymer transistors, and small prototype arrays have been fabricated and tested, including arrays with a high fill factor amorphous silicon p-i-n photodiode layer for indirect detection x-ray imaging applications. The TFT characteristics are excellent, and acquired x-ray images will be presented and compared to those from conventional TFT arrays. The printing process has been extended to flexible substrates which are important for rugged x-ray imagers, using a low temperature amorphous silicon process to accommodate the plastic substrate. Polymer TFT arrays made with jet-printed polymer solutions have also been demonstrated and we present data from arrays, and discuss options for integrating organic photodiodes or direct detection sensors. The opportunities and challenges of using polymer semiconductors in x-ray imaging arrays, are discussed and we show that the TFT performance meets the needs of radiographic imaging, although the radiation hardness and long term degradation are not sufficiently studied.
AN INNOVATED LABORATORY XAFS APPARATUS (2002)

X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS) spectroscopy is one of the most powerful tools to determine valence states of local atoms in various materials. XAFS spectroscopy has an advantage in providing the structural information of amorphous, liquid or catalyst, which cannot be obtained by X-ray powder diffraction technique. Results from XAFS spectroscopy are commonly reported using synchrotron radiation, but results obtained using a laboratory XAFS apparatus has rarely been reported. The shortage of data obtained from a laboratory XAFS apparatus has been mainly due to its availability. A laboratory XAFS apparatus is not as popular as a powder diffractometer or a fluorescence spectrometer since its complicated and expensive mechanism. We have recently developed an innovated laboratory XAFS apparatus, which is compact in size and easy to use. This could boost the popularity of XAFS spectroscopy.
A hierarchical, fuzzy inference approach to data filtration and feature prioritization in the connected manufacturing enterprise (2018)

In manufacturing, the technology to capture and store large volumes of data developed earlier and faster than corresponding capabilities to analyze, interpret, and apply it. The result for many manufacturers is a collection of unanalyzed data and uncertainty with respect to where to begin. This paper examines big data as both an enabler and a challenge for the connected manufacturing enterprise and presents a framework that sequentially tests and selects independent variables for training applied machine learning models. Unsuitable features are discarded, and each remaining feature receives a crisp numeric output and a linguistic label, both of which are measures of the feature’s suitability. The framework is tested using three datasets employing time series, binary, and continuous input data. Results of filtered models are compared to results obtained by base, unfiltered sets of features using a proposed metric of performance-size ratio. Framework results outperform base feature sets in all tested cases, and the proposed future research will be to implement it in a case study in the electronic assembly manufacture.
N -Acetyl-1- d - myo -Inosityl-2-Amino-2-Deoxy-α- d -Glucopyranoside Deacetylase (MshB) Is a Key Enzyme in Mycothiol Biosynthesis (2000)

Mycothiol is a novel thiol produced only by actinomycetes and is the major low-molecular-weight thiol in mycobacteria. Mycothiol was previously shown to be synthesized from 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-amino-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside by ligation with cysteine followed by acetylation. A novel mycothiol-dependent detoxification enzyme, mycothiol conjugate amidase, was recently identified in Mycobacterium smegmatis and shown to have a homolog, Rv1082, in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In the present study we found that a protein encoded by the M. tuberculosis open reading frame Rv1170, a homolog of Rv1082, possesses weak mycothiol conjugate amidase activity but shows substantial deacetylation activity with 1-D-myo-inosityl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (GlcNAc-Ins), a hypothetical mycothiol biosynthetic precursor. The availability of this protein enabled us to develop an assay for GlcNAc-Ins, which was used to demonstrate that GlcNAc-Ins is present in M. smegmatis at a level about twice that of mycothiol. It was shown that GlcNAc-Ins is absent in mycothiol-deficient mutant strain 49 of M. smegmatis and that this strain can concentrate GlcNAc-Ins from the medium and convert it to mycothiol. This demonstrates that GlcNAc-Ins is a key intermediate in the pathway of mycothiol biosynthesis. Assignment of Rv1170 as the gene coding the deacetylase in the M. tuberculosis genome represents the first identification of a gene of the mycothiol biosynthesis pathway. The presence of a large cellular pool of substrate for this enzyme suggests that it may be important in regulating mycothiol biosynthesis.
Differential T Cell-Mediated Regulation of CD23 (FcεRII) in B Cells and Follicular Dendritic Cells (2006)

Differences in murine follicular dendritic cells (FDC)-CD23 expression under Th1 vs Th2 conditions prompted the hypothesis that T cells help regulate the phenotype of FDCs. FDCs express CD40, suggesting that T cell-CD40L and lymphokines may be involved in regulating FDC-CD23. To test this, highly enriched FDCs were incubated with CD40L trimer or anti-CD40 to mimic T cell signaling in the presence of IFN-gamma or IL-4. Surface expression of CD23 was determined by flow cytometry, whereas mRNA levels of CD23 and its isoforms CD23a and CD23b were independently measured by quantitative PCR. When FDCs were incubated with either CD40L trimer or agonistic anti-CD40 Ab, the expression of FDC-CD23 was increased both at the mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, engagement of FDC-CD40 enhanced mRNA levels for both CD23a and CD23b isoforms. In addition, IFN-gamma substantially enhanced CD23a and CD23b mRNA levels in CD40-stimulated FDCs. Curiously, IL-4 could also up-regulate FDC-CD23a but not -CD23b. Anti-IFN-gamma dramatically inhibited FDC-CD23 in mice immunized with CFA, whereas anti-IL-4 had only a modest inhibitory effect. In contrast with FDCs, IFN-gamma inhibited surface expression of murine B cell-CD23 as well as mRNA for B cell CD23a and -CD23b, whereas IL-4 dramatically enhanced message for both isoforms as well as protein expression. In short, CD23 was regulated very differently in FDCs and B cells. Previous studies suggest that high levels of FDC-CD23 inhibit IgE production, and this IFN-gamma and CD40L-mediated up-regulation of FDC-CD23 may explain, at least in part, why Th1 responses are associated with low IgE responses in vivo.
Zirconium and Hafnium Twin Monomers for Mixed Oxides (2014)

The synthesis of Zr and Hf twin monomers of type [M(2-OCH<sub>2</sub> <sup>c</sup> C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>3</sub> O)<sub>4</sub> (x HOCH<sub>2</sub> <sup>c</sup> C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>3</sub> O)] (3, M=Zr, x=0; 4, M=Hf, x=1) and M[(2-OCH<sub>2</sub> -C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> O)<sub>2</sub> (2-HOCH<sub>2</sub> -C<sub>6</sub> H<sub>4</sub> OH)] (5, M=Zr; 6, M=Hf) by reacting M(OR)<sub>4</sub> (M=Zr, R=<sup>n</sup> C<sub>3</sub> H<sub>7</sub> , 1; M=Hf, R=<sup>n</sup> C<sub>4</sub> H<sub>9</sub> , 2) with 2-furylmethanol or 2-hydroxybenzyl alcohol is discussed. Complexes 3-6 were homopolymerized under acidic conditions. Additionally, 5 and 6 were copolymerized with 2,2'-spirobi[4 H-1,3,2-benzodioxasiline] (SBS). Under acidic conditions SBS forms a phenolic resin/SiO<sub>2</sub> nanostructured material. The resulting hybrid materials from the homopolymerization of 3-6 and the copolymerized materials from 5 and 6 were characterized by standard solid-state analytics. The inorganic lattice of the MO<sub>2</sub> materials from the homopolymerized complexes 3-6 and SiO<sub>2</sub> /MO<sub>2</sub> from the copolymerization of 5 and 6 with SBS was obtained by air oxidation. The oxide materials were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, which proved their identity. The inner surface area was determined by N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption studies, which revealed surface areas of 100 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> for MO<sub>2</sub> . The mixed oxides SiO<sub>2</sub> /MO<sub>2</sub> were additionally investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and variable-temperature XRPD to study the thermal behavior. It was found that crystallization of tetragonal MO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles is characteristic within the SiO<sub>2</sub> matrix, but higher sintering temperatures caused crystallization of the SiO<sub>2</sub> lattice.
Supplementary Methods S1 from First-in-Human Study of the Radioligand <sup>68</sup>Ga-N188 Targeting Nectin-4 for PET/CT Imaging of Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
On self-optimization of the random access procedure in 3G Long Term Evolution (2009)

Operationally efficient radio networks typically feature a high degree of self-organization. This means less planning efforts and manual intervention, and a potential for better radio resource utilization when network elements adapts its operation to the observed local conditions. The focus in this paper is self-optimization of the random access channel (RACH) in the 3G Long Term Evolution (LTE). A comprehensive tutorial about the RACH procedure is provided to span the complexity of the self-optimization. Moreover, the paper addresses RACH key performance metrics and appropriate modeling of the various steps and components of the procedure. Finally, some coupling between parameters and key performance metrics as well as self-optimization examples are presented together with a feasibility discussion. The main ambition with this workshop paper is to present and define a relevant set of self-optimization problems, rather than to provide a complete solution.
Slurried solid media for simultaneous water purification and carbon dioxide removal from gas mixtures (2023)

A slurried solid media for simultaneous water purification and carbon dioxide removal from gas mixtures includes the steps of dissolving the gas mixture and carbon dioxide in water providing a gas, carbon dioxide, water mixture; adding a porous solid media to the gas, carbon dioxide, water mixture forming a slurry of gas, carbon dioxide, water, and porous solid media; heating the slurry of gas, carbon dioxide, water, and porous solid media producing steam; and cooling the steam to produce purified water and carbon dioxide.
Modeling and Simulation of Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced Composites (2020)

No AccessDiscontinuous Fiber-Reinforced CompositesMar 2020Modeling and Simulation of Discontinuous Fiber-Reinforced CompositesUmesh N. Gandhi, Sebastian Goris, Tim A. Osswald, Yu-Yang SongUmesh N. GandhiSearch for more papers by this author, Sebastian GorisSearch for more papers by this author, Tim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Yu-Yang SongSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906958.006SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 217-259Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-694-1eISBN: 978-1-56990-695-8 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Benchmarking an interdisciplinary concurrent design methodology for electronic/mechanical systems (1995)

The paper describes the evolution of an Interdisciplinary Concurrent Design Methodology (ICDM) and the metrics used to compare four generations of wearable computer artifacts produced by the methodology at each stage of ICDM's growth. The product cycle is defined, its phases, and the design information representation for each phase. Six generic axes of design activity are defined, and the concept of benchmarking a complete design methodology using these axes is introduced. In addition an approach for measuring design complexity is proposed. When applied to the four generations of the CMU wearable computers, the ICDM has demonstrated two orders of magnitude increase in design and efficiency.
Estimation of Kinematics and Loop Stiffness for Multi-Axis Machine Tool (2018)

Various types of 5-axis machine tools have been developed. In the case of a machine tool composed from linear motion, the kinematic equation can be obtained easily and intuitively. However, machine tools with more than four axes, including rotating axes, have generally performed kinematic and dynamic performance analyses using mathematical methods. In this paper, the kinematic equations of various types of machine tools are obtained, based on the Homogeneous Transformation Matrix method. The loop stiffness was then calculated as a mathematical model. A mathematical model of loop stiffness was verified by using a method to calculate the loop stiffness of a commercial program. The results of the mathematical model showed less than a 1% error with the commercial program, and this could show the validity of the mathematical model. Then, this model was applied to two types of machine tools. The minimum loop stiffness of both models is compared.
Using a Hybrid Si/III-V Semiconductor Laser to Carry 16- and 64-QAM Data Signals over an 80-km Distance (2019)

We have demonstrated the use of a hybrid Si/III-V semiconductor laser to carry 20-Gbaud 16- and 64-QAM data signals over an 80-km fiber. The high coherence of the laser enables below FEC threshold performance after transmission.
An animal model of oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia reveals a crucial role for Nav1.6 in peripheral pain pathways (2013)

Cold allodynia, pain in response to cooling, occurs during or within hours of oxaliplatin infusion and is thought to arise from a direct effect of oxaliplatin on peripheral sensory neurons. To characterize the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying acute oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia, we established a new intraplantar oxaliplatin mouse model that rapidly developed long-lasting cold allodynia mediated entirely through tetrodotoxin-sensitive Nav pathways. Using selective inhibitors and knockout animals, we found that Nav1.6 was the key isoform involved, while thermosensitive transient receptor potential channels were not involved. Consistent with a crucial role for delayed-rectifier potassium channels in excitability in response to cold, intraplantar administration of the K(+)-channel blocker 4-aminopyridine mimicked oxaliplatin-induced cold allodynia and was also inhibited by Nav1.6 blockers. Intraplantar injection of the Nav1.6 activator Cn2 elicited spontaneous pain, mechanical allodynia, and enhanced 4-aminopyridine-induced cold allodynia. These findings provide behavioural evidence for a crucial role of Nav1.6 in multiple peripheral pain pathways including cold allodynia.
Pump-Linewidth-Tolerant Wavelength Conversion with Coherent Pumps (2014)

We propose a pump-linewidth-tolerant wavelength conversion scheme with coherent two-tone pump, and demonstrate high quality wavelength conversion of 64QAM signals with &lt;0.3-dB penalty at BER of 10-3 even using 3.5MHz-linewidth DFB pump source.
Ultralow voltage, High-speed, and Energy-efficient Cryogenic Electro-Optic Modulator (2022)

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) at cryogenic temperatures enable a wide range of applications in scalable classical and quantum systems for computing and sensing. A promising application of cryogenic PICs is to provide optical interconnects by up-converting signals from electrical to optical domain, allowing massive data-transfer from 4 K superconducting (SC) electronics to room temperature environment. Such a solution is central to overcome the major bottleneck in the scalability of cryogenic systems, which currently rely on bulky copper cables that suffer from limited bandwidth, large heat load, and do not show any scalability path. A key element for realizing a cryogenic-to-room temperature optical interconnect is a high-speed electro-optic (EO) modulator operating at 4 K with operation voltage at mV scale, compatible with SC electronics. Although several cryogenic EO modulators have been demonstrated, their driving voltages are significantly large compared to the mV scale voltage required for SC circuits. Here, we demonstrate a cryogenic modulator with ~10 mV peak-to-peak driving voltage and gigabits/sec data rate, with ultra-low electric and optical energy consumptions of ~10.4 atto-joules/bit and ~213 femto-joules/bit, respectively. We achieve this record performance by designing a compact optical ring resonator modulator in a heterogeneous InP-on-Silicon platform, where we optimize a multi-quantum well layer of InAIGaAs to achieve a strong EO effect at 4 K. Unlike other semiconductors such as silicon, our platform benefits from the high-carrier mobility and minimal free carrier freezing of III-V compounds at low temperatures, with moderate doping level and low loss (intrinsic resonator Q~272,000). These modulators can pave the path for complex cryogenic photonic functionalities and massive data transmission between cryogenic and room-temperature electronics.
Supplementary Figure Legend from The Insulin Receptor Negatively Regulates the Action of <i>Pseudomonas</i> Toxin-Based Immunotoxins and Native <i>Pseudomonas</i> Toxin (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 125K&lt;/p&gt;
A Role for p65 Signaling in Muscle‐derived Stem Cell Survival and Differentiation (2010)

Cell therapies to repair damaged muscles with muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) have proven to be superior to similar therapies with myoblasts. MDSCs can differentiate into various mesenchymal lineages and are highly resistant to oxidative stress, which previous work has shown may correlate with enhanced regenerative potential in vivo. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐kB), often considered an anti‐apoptotic signal, has recently been implicated in the muscle differentiation program. Two NF‐kB subunits, p65 and p50, are thought to play a negative role in early myogenesis. We investigated if inhibition of NF‐kB signaling in MDSCs would improve myogenic differentiation. We isolated MDSCs from 5 mo old WT and p65 heterozygous (p65+/−) mice and inhibited p65 signaling in WT MDSCs through the use of IKK‐2 Inhibitor IV (IKKi, Calbiochem), which selectively prevents IKK‐2 from activating the NF‐kB pathway. We also compared the survival under oxidative stress of p65+/− MDSCs to WT MDSCs using a live cell imaging system. We observed that treatment with IKKi enhanced MDSC differentiation into myosin heavy chain expressing myotubes. Interestingly, genetic reduction of p65 not only positively impacted cell survival under oxidative stress but also differentiation under stressful conditions. This data supports the conclusion that NF‐κB signaling has a regulatory role in MDSC survival and fate determination. Furthermore, NF‐kB signal transduction could represent a potential therapeutic target to improve muscle cell based therapies to enhance muscle regeneration in muscle disease and injury. This work was supported in part by the Henry J. Mankin Endowed Chair for Orthopaedic Research at the University of Pittsburgh, the William F. and Jean W. Donaldson Chair at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, and the Hirtzel Foundation.
Hamiltonian Hopping for Efficient Chiral Mode Switching in Encircling Exceptional Points (2020)

Dynamically encircling exceptional points (EPs) can lead to chiral mode switching as the system parameters are varied along a path that encircles EP. However, conventional encircling protocols result in low transmittance due to path-dependent losses. Here, we present a paradigm to encircle EPs that includes fast Hamiltonian variations on the parameter boundaries, termed Hamiltonian hopping, enabling ultrahigh-efficiency chiral mode switching. This protocol avoids path-dependent loss and allows us to experimentally demonstrate nearly 90% efficiency at 1550 nm in the clockwise direction, overcoming a long-standing challenge of non-Hermitian optical systems and powering up new opportunities for EP physics.
Prefetching and caching techniques in file systems for MIMD multiprocessors (1991)

NOTE: this report is meant tobeprinted 2-sided. For best e ect, make acopy this report using a copier that can produce 2-sided output. You might want to substitute a blank page for this page. 1