gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultralight Luminescent Solar Concentrators for Space Solar Power Systems (2019)

Space-based solar power systems (SSPS) offer a renewable source of energy generation that features higher power production than terrestrial photovoltaics (PV) systems with visibly unobstructed access to direct sunlight. Because of the high launch and deployment costs for SSPS, PV arrays intended for such applications are designed so as to maximize the specific power (W/kg) of the array. Here we present a first analysis for a luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) module designed for SSPS. LSC devices absorb and trap incident sunlight in a planar dielectric waveguide through photon downshifting via absorption and Stokes-shifted emission from embedded luminophores. Emitted photons are trapped within the waveguide and concentrated onto small area solar cells, spectrally matched to the luminophore band edge. Here we investigate the influence of luminophore material and concentration factor on the LSC specific power. We develop an LSC system design that can achieve up to 1.8 kW/kg.
Total synthesis of ionophores. 6. Asymmetric induction in the permanganate-promoted oxidative cyclization of 1,5-dienes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of ionophores. 6. Asymmetric induction in the permanganate-promoted oxidative cyclization of 1,5-dienesDavid M. Walba, Claire A. Przybyla, and Christopher B. Walker Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 14, 5624–5625Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00170a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00170a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coupled external cavity photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence (2012)

We report a fundamentally new approach to enhance fluorescence in which surface adsorbed fluorophore-tagged biomolecules are excited on a photonic crystal surface that functions as a narrow bandwidth and tunable mirror of an external cavity laser. This scheme leads to ∼10× increase in the electromagnetic enhancement factor compared to ordinary photonic crystal enhanced fluorescence. In our experiments, the cavity automatically tunes its lasing wavelength to the resonance wavelength of the photonic crystal, ensuring optimal on-resonance coupling even in the presence of variable device parameters and variations in the density of surface-adsorbed capture molecules. We achieve ∼10(5) × improvement in the limit of detection of a fluorophore-tagged protein compared to its detection on an unpatterned glass substrate. The enhanced fluorescence signal and easy optical alignment make cavity-coupled photonic crystals a viable approach for further reducing detection limits of optically-excited light emitters that are used in biological assays.
Turning Pololu 3Pi into a Multi-Programming Platform (2018)

Line-following robots have the ability to recognize and follow a line drawn on a surface. It works based on a simple self-sustainable system composed with a set of sensors, motors and a controller. In order to get optimal performance in such robots, it's necessary to carry out several tests to evaluate the behavior in each trial. In the majority of cases, a new trial requires to upload a new program, thus slowing down the development of the line-following. This paper presents an approach to solve the inconvenience of having to upload a new program in each trial. It consists in merging multiple codes in to one to create a program that gives the user the ability to switch between them anytime inside Pololu's 3pi line follower platform.
Flexible Physical Layer Security for Joint Data and Pilots in Future Wireless Networks (2022)

In this work, novel physical layer security (PLS) schemes are proposed for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) to secure both data and pilots in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The majority of previous studies focus on only securing the data without considering the security of the pilots used for channel estimation. However, the leakage of channel state information (CSI) from a legitimate node to an eavesdropper allows the latter to acquire knowledge about the channel of the legitimate nodes. To this end, we propose adaptive and flexible PLS algorithms which can 1) secure data, 2) secure pilots, and 3) jointly secure both data and pilots. Particularly, minimum-phase all-pass channel decomposition is exploited, where the proposed algorithms use the all-pass component to provide security without harming the performance of the legitimate user. In the analysis for data security, we evaluate the secrecy under correlated and uncorrelated eavesdropping channels via closed-form bit error rate (BER) formulas. For pilot security, we analyze the estimated channel’s normalized mean squared error (NMSE) performance. The simulation results and theoretical analysis demonstrate that the proposed algorithms can effectively enhance the communication secrecy of the overall system.
Promoting Effect of CeO2 on the Catalytic Activity of Ba–Y2O3 for Direct Decomposition of NO (2015)

Abstract The effect of CeO2 additive on the catalytic performance of Ba–Y2O3 prepared by coprecipitaion for the direct decomposition of NO was investigated. Although Ba–Y2O3 effectively catalyzed NO decomposition, its activity was clearly increased by addition of CeO2. The optimum CeO2 content was 10 mol %. CO2-TPD measurement revealed that the addition of CeO2 into Ba–Y2O3 caused an increase in the CO2 desorption peak in the temperature range of 473 and 723 K derived from highly dispersed Ba species. The predominant role of CeO2 additive was suspected to effectively create the highly dispersed Ba species as catalytically active sites. Kinetic studies of NO decomposition on Ba–CeO2(10)–Y2O3 suggested that coexisting O2 suppresses the NO decomposition reaction by competitive adsorption. Isotopic transient kinetic analysis suggested a reaction pathway in which the surface NOx adspecies act as reaction intermediates for the formation of N2 in NO decomposition over Ba–CeO2–Y2O3. We concluded that CeO2 additive does not directly participate in the NO decomposition reaction as catalytically active species.
Cross comparison of thin film tensile-testing methods examined with single-crystal silicon, polysilicon, nickel, and titanium films (2003)

This paper reports the results of a comparison of the different types of tensile testing methods used to evaluate thin films properties. We tested the same material fabricated on a single wafer using different testing techniques at five different research institutions. The testing methods are different in the way of gripping the specimen. Materials tested were single-crystal silicon, polysilicon, nickel, and titanium films. Specimens of three different shapes were processed through the same fabrication steps. The tensile strength, fracture strain, and Young's modulus of the films were measured and compared. The measured values of the mechanical properties were in good agreement with each other among the testing methods, thus demonstrating the accuracy of these testing methods.
Optimal Thermal Management of Microelectronic Packages (2010)

The increasing trend in power levels and associated densities leads to the need of design thermal optimization, at module and at system (module-board stack-up) levels. The microelectronics industry is facing multiple challenges as it tries to promote smaller, faster and cost-effective packages, yet trying to cope with potential thermal bottlenecks. The present study investigates a family of packages, whose thermal and electrical performances are far superior to the classic (standard) packages. A 3-D conjugate numerical study was conducted to evaluate the thermal performance of Gallium Arsenic (GaAs) die packaged in Quad Flat No Lead (QFN) packages for various wireless and networking applications. Two different QFN packages are investigated: a standard package and a Power package (PQFN) with thicker leadframe and solder die attach. The thermal impact of die attach material, leadframe thickness, die pad size, and board structure is evaluated and provides valuable information for product designers. Two powering scenarios are investigated: 1) one for standard operating parameters and 2) an alternative for extreme operating powering scenarios. Results indicate that the peak temperature reached on the die for 3x3 mm QFN under normal powering conditions is ~138.5°C (or 119°C/W junction-to-air thermal resistance), while for the extreme scenario, the junction temperature is ~186°C (or 125°C/W junction-to-air thermal resistance). The top Au metal layer has limited impact on lateral heat spreading. Under extreme powering conditions, the PQFN package reaches a peak temperature of ~126°C (66°C/W thermal resistance). A ~32% reduction in peak temperature is achieved with the 5x5 PQFN package. The improvement is mainly due to the larger package size, high conductivity die attach material, thicker leadframe and more board thermal vias. A parametric study shows that the increase in leadframe thickness from 0.2 mm (8 mils) to 0.5 mm (20 mils) in the QFN package leads to only 3% reduction in peak temperature. By comparison, the die attach material (conductive epoxy vs. solder) has significant impact on overall reduction in peak temperature (~12%). Experimental measurements using Infrared (IR) Microscope are performed to validate the numerical results.
New Epoxy-Based Autodepositing Coating System (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A new series of epoxy-based Autophoretic&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; coatings have been developed and commercialized at several manufacturing facilities for use as a protective paint film. Autophoretic&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; coatings are a proprietary series of autodepositing coatings specifically designed for painting ferrous metal substrates. Autodeposition is an immersion process that coats a substrate because of a chemical reaction between aqueous paint dispersion and the base metal. The new epoxy-based Autophoretic&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; coatings provide a high level of corrosion protection, excellent appearance, and very low VOC. These coatings have automotive approvals and can be used as a sole coat or primer. Typical epoxy-based Autophoretic&lt;sup&gt;®&lt;/sup&gt; coating application conditions and performance data will be presented.&lt;/div&gt;
Maximizing the guessability of symbolic input (2005)

Guessability is essential for symbolic input, in which users enter gestures or keywords to indicate characters or commands, or rely on labels or icons to access features. We present a unified approach to both maximizing and evaluating the guessability of symbolic input. This approach can be used by anyone wishing to design a symbol set with high guessability, or to evaluate the guessability of an existing symbol set. We also present formulae for quantifying guessability and agreement among guesses. An example is offered in which the guessability of the EdgeWrite unistroke alphabet was improved by users from 51.0% to 80.1% without designer intervention. The original and improved alphabets were then tested for their immediate usability with the procedure used by MacKenzie and Zhang (1997). Users entered the original alphabet with 78.8% and 90.2% accuracy after 1 and 5 minutes of learning, respectively. The improved alphabet bettered this to 81.6% and 94.2%. These improved results were competitive with prior results for Graffiti, which were 81.8% and 95.8% for the same measures.
Epigenetische Modulation als therapeutischer Ansatz im experimentellen Model für inflammations-assoziierte Tumorgenese (2006)

Hintergrund: Histon-Deacetylase (HDAC)-Inhibitoren sind in ihrer Wirkung bisher als anti-proliferativ beschrieben. In früheren Arbeiten konnten wir zusätzlich eine anti-inflammatorische Wirkung für HDAC-Inhibitoren in verschiedenen Modellen experimenteller Kolitis zeigen. In diesen Modellen erwies sich SAHA, in Bezug auf die anti-inflammatorische Wirkung, als am wirksamsten. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war es, die anti-inflamatorische, sowie die pro-apoptotische Wirkung von SAHA und von ITF2357, einem neuen HDACi aus der selben Substanzklasse, bei experimenteller Kolitis, sowie in einem Entzündungs-assoziierten Tumormodell zu untersuchen.
Multi-site Cloud Networking – Connectivity, Orchestration, and Telemetry (2017)

As Cloud vision comes true and more users, applications, and enterprises are moving to clouds, dependency on connectivity services grows tremendously. Telemetry-based Orchestration helps answering the demanding new requirements for Cloud Networking.
A Gender-Dependent Molecular Switch of Inflammation via MyD88/Estrogen Receptor-alpha Interaction (2018)

Abstract Most Toll-like receptors and IL-1/IL-18 receptors activate a signaling cascade via the adaptor molecule MyD88, resulting in NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine and chemokine production. Females are less susceptible than males to inflammatory conditions, presumably due to protection by estrogen. Here we show that MyD88 interacts with a methylated, cytoplasmic form of estrogen receptor-alpha (methER-α). This interaction is required for NF-κB transcriptional activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and is dissociated by estrogen. Importantly, we show a strong gender segregation in gametogenic reproductive organs, with MyD88/methER-α interactions found in testicular tissues and in ovarian tissues from menopausal women, but not in ovaries from women age 49 and less -suggesting a role for estrogen in disrupting this complex in situ . Collectively, our results indicate that the formation of MyD88/methER-α complexes during inflammatory signaling and their disruption by estrogen may represent a mechanism that contributes to gender bias in inflammatory responses.
Spatially modeless semiconductor laser cavity for the generation of spatio-temporal localized structures (2020)

Spatially Localized States are individually addressable structures that may appear in large aspect-ratio optical resonators. They can be used as bits of information for all-optical buffering. We design and operate a modeless laser cavity based on a 1/2 VCSEL coupled to a distant mirror in self-imaging condition. Our study indicates how a VeCSEL can be specially designed to provide a robust system potentially capable of emitting Spatially Localized States and paves the way towards the observation of three dimensional - in space and time - confined states, the so-called light bullets.
Optimal multi-layer adaptation of SVC video over heterogeneous environments (2007)

Scalable video coding (SVC) is a new video coding format which provides scalability in three dimensional (SNR-spatio-temporal) space. In this paper, we focus on the adaptation in SNR dimension. Usually, a SVC bitstream may contain multiple spatial layers, and each spatial layer may be enhanced by up to 3 FGS layers. To meet a bitrate constraint, the FGS data of different spatial layers can be truncated in various manners. However the contributions of FGS layers to the overall/collective video quality are different. In this work, we propose an optimized framework to control the SNR scalability across multiple spatial layers. Our proposed framework has the flexibility in allocating the resource (i.e. bitrate) among spatial layers, where the overall quality is defined as a function of all spatial layers' qualities and can be modified on the fly.
dNTP pool modulation dynamics by SAMHD1 protein in monocyte-derived macrophages (2014)

This study reveals that a very low level of SAMHD1 sufficiently modulates the normally low dNTP levels in macrophages and proposes potential diverse mechanisms of Vpx-mediated dNTP regulation in macrophages.
Cyclic‐Disulfide‐Based Prodrugs for Cytosol‐Specific Drug Delivery (2014)

Abstract The cytosolic conversion of therapeutically relevant nucleosides into bioactive triphosphates is often hampered by the inefficiency of the first kinase‐mediated step. Nucleoside monophosphate prodrugs can be used to bypass this limitation. Herein we describe a novel cyclic‐disulfide class of nucleoside monophosphate prodrugs with a cytosol‐specific, reductive release trigger. The key event, a charge‐dissipating reduction‐triggered cyclodeesterification leads to robust cytosolic production of the cyclic 3′,5′‐monophosphate for downstream enzymatic processing. The antiviral competence of the platform was demonstrated with an O ‐benzyl‐1,2‐dithiane‐4,5‐diol ester of 2′‐C‐methyluridine‐3′,5′‐phosphate. Both in vitro and in vivo comparison with the clinically efficacious ProTide prodrug of 2′‐deoxy‐2′‐α‐fluoro‐β‐C‐methyluridine is provided. The cytosolic specificity of the release allows for a wide range of potential applications, from tissue‐targeted drug delivery to intracellular imaging.
Evolution and ecology of influenza A viruses. (1992)

In this review we examine the hypothesis that aquatic birds are the primordial source of all influenza viruses in other species and study the ecological features that permit the perpetuation of influenza viruses in aquatic avian species. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of influenza A virus RNA segments coding for the spike proteins (HA, NA, and M2) and the internal proteins (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, M, and NS) from a wide range of hosts, geographical regions, and influenza A virus subtypes support the following conclusions. (i) Two partly overlapping reservoirs of influenza A viruses exist in migrating waterfowl and shorebirds throughout the world. These species harbor influenza viruses of all the known HA and NA subtypes. (ii) Influenza viruses have evolved into a number of host-specific lineages that are exemplified by the NP gene and include equine Prague/56, recent equine strains, classical swine and human strains, H13 gull strains, and all other avian strains. Other genes show similar patterns, but with extensive evidence of genetic reassortment. Geographical as well as host-specific lineages are evident. (iii) All of the influenza A viruses of mammalian sources originated from the avian gene pool, and it is possible that influenza B viruses also arose from the same source. (iv) The different virus lineages are predominantly host specific, but there are periodic exchanges of influenza virus genes or whole viruses between species, giving rise to pandemics of disease in humans, lower animals, and birds. (v) The influenza viruses currently circulating in humans and pigs in North America originated by transmission of all genes from the avian reservoir prior to the 1918 Spanish influenza pandemic; some of the genes have subsequently been replaced by others from the influenza gene pool in birds. (vi) The influenza virus gene pool in aquatic birds of the world is probably perpetuated by low-level transmission within that species throughout the year. (vii) There is evidence that most new human pandemic strains and variants have originated in southern China. (viii) There is speculation that pigs may serve as the intermediate host in genetic exchange between influenza viruses in avian and humans, but experimental evidence is lacking. (ix) Once the ecological properties of influenza viruses are understood, it may be possible to interdict the introduction of new influenza viruses into humans.
Wnt signaling pathway functionally reprograms human virus-specific CD8 T cells (VAC4P.1065) (2015)

Abstract Polyfunctionality, a single T cell producing a set of different effector molecules, is a hallmark of protective immunity against infection and tumor, but the molecular pathways governing the polyfunction T cells were not well known. In our lab, we found that memory CD8 T cells treated with TWS119, a Wnt pathway activator, increased highly polyfunctional memory T cells formation during expansion. The treatment of TWS119 enhanced CD62L+, CD28+ and KLRG1- central memory T cell phenotype. We further analyzed the impact of Wnt activation on influenza virus or CMV(cytomegalovirus) antigen-specific stimulation, and found TWS119 also improved the polyfunctionality. Especially in CMV-specific T cells, terminal differentiated non-polyfunctional population, Wnt signaling reversed their non polyfunctional state. Wnt-activated T cells were capable of superior homeostatic proliferation and expressed more anti-apoptotic molecules. Mechanistically, RNA microarray analysis revealed that Wnt activation led the gene expression profile correlated with stem-cell specific gene expression pattern. Our findings provided the evidence that non-polyfunctional antigen-specific human CD8 T cells response can be pharmacologically reprogrammed and have important translational implications for immunotherapy against chronic viral infections and malignancies.
Photodynamic therapy can induce non-specific protective immunity against a bacterial infection (2012)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer is known to induce an immune response against the tumor, in addition to its well-known direct cell-killing and vascular destructive effects. PDT is becoming increasingly used as a therapy for localized infections. However there has not to date been a convincing report of an immune response being generated against a microbial pathogen after PDT in an animal model. We have studied PDT as a therapy for bacterial arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus infection in the mouse knee. We had previously found that PDT of an infection caused by injection of MRSA (5X10<sup>7</sup> CFU) into the mouse knee followed 3 days later by 1 &#956;g of Photofrin and 635- nm diode laser illumination with a range of fluences within 5 minutes, gave a biphasic dose response. The greatest reduction of MRSA CFU was seen with a fluence of 20 J/cm2, whereas lower antibacterial efficacy was observed with fluences that were either lower or higher. We then tested the hypothesis that the host immune response mediated by neutrophils was responsible for most of the beneficial antibacterial effect. We used bioluminescence imaging of luciferase expressing bacteria to follow the progress of the infection in real time. We found similar results using intra-articular methylene blue and red light, and more importantly, that carrying out PDT of the noninfected joint and subsequently injecting bacteria after PDT led to a significant protection from infection. Taken together with substantial data from studies using blocking antibodies we believe that the pre-conditioning PDT regimen recruits and stimulates neutrophils into the infected joint which can then destroy bacteria that are subsequently injected and prevent infection.
Synthesis of two 1,3‐2,4‐calix[4]bis‐crown ethers containing two 1,2‐phenylene and one pyridine or anisole units in each crown ether moiety (2000)

Abstract Syntheses of 1,3–2,4‐calix[4]bis‐crown ethers ( 1 and 2 ) fixed in the 1,3‐alternate conformation by 1,3‐ and 2,4‐bridges made of two modified polyether chains each containing two 1,2‐phenylene residues and one pyridine or anisyl unit are reported. The structures of compounds 1 and 2 were established by 1 H nmr, 13 C nmr, hrms and elemental analyses.