gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study on substrate noise coupling among TSVs in 3D chip stack (2018)

A map of Si substrate noise from through-silicon vias (TSVs) is presented by measurement of real stacked test vehicle. A 65 nm CMOS test chip is manufactured and integrated by die-to-die bonding. The stacked test chip is packaged with an organic interposer and mounted on an evaluation board. A thinned Si substrate is excited through VDD and VSS TSVs of noise source circuitry and the noise waveforms are captured by an on-chip evaluation circuitry with 2D mapped probe point on the substrate. The result shows overlapped noise waveforms that as its placement, due to voltage division with Si substrate resistance. A simple Si substrate model is created and employed for first analysis. An analytical result explains measurement result qualitatively including the noise overlapping and cancelling on the Si substrate.
Aging Evaluation for the Extension of Qualified Life of Nuclear Power Plant Equipment Through Modulated Poisson Processes (2009)

This paper presents an application of the Modulated Point Process (MPPP) to the service water pumps of a typical pressurized water reactor, as a model for the rate of occurrence of failures (ROCOF) of a repairable system, in order to decide for an extension of the qualified life in the context of a nuclear power plant license renewal. The analysis was carried considering some field data spanning a 2,300 calendar day period, which is approximately equivalent to four burn-up cycles and refueling periods. The reliability is estimated, and maintenance strategies are discussed. As a conclusion, the MPPP is adequate for modeling the rate of occurrence of failures that are time dependent, and can be used where aging mechanisms are present in the operation of repairable systems. This means that equipment characteristics that are important may be inserted into the model and the results can help make decisions in the context of maintenance programs, as is the case with the maintenance rule concept that has been proposed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and is about to be implemented in nuclear power plants in Brazil, for instance. Trade-offs on the difficulty with data acquisition for applying point processes are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: The Intramolecular Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition Approach to the Mitomycins. (1988)

Abstract o‐Aminoacetophenone (I) is transformed into the isomeric oximes (II) which undergo oxidative cyclization to produce the isoxazoline (III).
Mechatronic design of an actuated biomimetic length and velocity sensor (2004)

Biological designs offer roboticists a rich source of mechanisms for the challenge of controlling movement. Our device draws upon this resource, modeling the muscle spindle, a biological sensor which transduces muscle length and velocity for kinesthetic awareness and movement control. The three core neural and mechanical elements of the muscle spindle are identified and implemented in precision engineering hardware using performance specifications derived from biological literature. Intrafusal muscle is modeled by a linear actuator fast enough to replicate muscle dynamics. Its step response exhibits 27 ms rise time and 9.2% overshoot. Sensory region transduction of strain into voltage is modeled by a strain-gauged cantilever 51 /spl mu/m thick. A voltage-controlled oscillator, encoding voltage as a frequency-modulated square wave, models action potential frequency encoding. The transducer exhibits the desired linear response with a 34-nm/Hz sensitivity. The three subsystems were combined to perform integrated systems testing. Driving the actuator with simple position control, the device detects trajectory-tracking errors introduced by phase lag and perturbation. Driving the actuator with physiologically based force control, the device successfully replicates the major features of muscle spindle response under ramp and sinusoidal position inputs. Applications include motor control research and novel sensor design for prosthetics and engineering.
Variable Data Void Pantographs (2011)

Void pantographs (VPs) have been an important part of the security printing toolkit for several decades. When precisely designed for a given printing technology, VPs provide an almost &#x201C;magical&#x201D; effect&#x2014;they are nearly invisible in the original print and then stand out strikingly when they are copied. However, this effect comes at an expense&#x2014;VPs have traditionally contained static content and so are usually fine-tuned for flexo, gravure, offset or screen printing.In this paper, we extend variable data printing to VPs. First, we obtain optimal VP settings (background and foreground pattern&#x2014;the background &#x201C;disappears&#x201D; when copied and the foreground &#x201C;bolds&#x201D; for the printer/copier pair). Next, we create a database of images for which we wish to create variable VPs (e.g. serialized numbers, individual labels, location-specific messages or images, etc.). We then apply an image filter to these images. Our most effective filters to date have been the edge-filter and the entropy-filter, both of which create a VP foreground where the information content of the image is high. For logos, using a chroma-filter is also often effective. Next, the individual VPs are written to the individual print elements (label, page, etc.) for which they are intended. The variable data message is now what &#x201C;pops up&#x201D; when the item is copied.
Analysis of performance degradation due to channel estimation error in pre-rake TDD/CDMA (2004)

In recent years, pre-Rake combining technique has become a hot topic of research as it decreases the complexity of the portable mobile unit, while achieving the same multipath diversity effect of the Rake receiver. In practice, the error in channel estimation in pre-Rake system occurs due to time variability in mobile radio channel. In this paper, we present pre-Rake performance under imperfect channel estimation due to time variability in TDD system, depending on Doppler frequency and compare it with the ideal pre-Rake system.
Computational models in the service of X-ray and cryo-EM structure determination (2021)

CASP (Critical Assessment of Structure prediction) conducts community experiments to determine the state of the art in computing protein structure from amino acid sequence. The process relies on the experimental community providing information about not yet public or about to be solved structures, for use as targets. For some targets, the experimental structure is not solved in time for use in CASP. Calculated structure accuracy improved dramatically in this round, implying that models should now be much more useful for resolving many sorts of experimental difficulty. To test this, selected models for seven unsolved targets were provided to the experimental groups. These models were from the AlphaFold2 group, who overall submitted the most accurate predictions in CASP14. Four targets were solved with the aid of the models, and, additionally, the structure of an already solved target was improved. An a-posteriori analysis showed that in some cases models from other groups would also be effective. This paper provides accounts of the successful application of models to structure determination, including molecular replacement for X-ray crystallography, backbone tracing and sequence positioning in a Cryo-EM structure, and correction of local features. The results suggest that in future there will be greatly increased synergy between computational and experimental approaches to structure determination.
Surgery for the failing heart after myocardial infarction. (2008)

Function follows form and this maxim provides an understanding of the pathophysiology of congestive heart failure following myocardial infarction. The heart fails as it enlarges and becomes more spherical. Surgical methods to treat dilated ischemic cardiomyopathy have evolved and been applied to thousands of patients worldwide. Known as "surgical ventricular restoration", or SVR, the operation reduces left ventricular volume and restores the ventricle towards a more conical normal shape. Global systolic function is improved. Mechanical synchrony is restored. Arrhythmias are largely abated. Neurohumoral mediators that stimulate continued ventricular enlargement are largely reduced. Finally, there is marked and sustained symptomatic improvement of congestive heart failure post-infarction patients after SVR.
Observation of ionization enhancement in two-color circularly polarized laser fields (2017)

journal article
Thermal Via Allocation for 3-D ICs Considering Temporally and Spatially Variant Thermal Power (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The existing 3-D thermal-via allocation methods are based on the steady-state thermal analysis and may lead to excessive number of thermal vias. This paper develops an accurate and efficient thermal-via allocation considering the temporally and spatially variant thermal-power. The transient temperature is calculated by macromodel with a one-time structured and parameterized model reduction, which also generates temperature sensitivity with respect to thermal-via density. The proposed thermal-via allocation minimizes the time-integral of temperature violation, and is solved by a sequential quadratic programming algorithm with use of sensitivities from the macromodel. Compared to the existing method using the steady-state thermal analysis, our method in experiments is 126<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex></formula> faster to obtain temperature, and reduces the number of thermal vias by 2.04<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex></formula> under the same temperature bound. </para>
Soluble CD14 levels are increased and inversely correlated with the levels of hepatitis B surface antigen in chronic hepatitis B patients (2003)

Because it was observed recently that yeast-derived recombinant HBsAg interacts in a lipopolysaccharide binding protein-dependent manner with CD14 expressed on human monocytes, we investigated whether HBsAg influences the serum levels of sCD14, lipopolysaccharide binding protein and C-reactive protein in hepatitis B patients. Samples from acute and chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C patients were tested. All analytes were measured using commercial assays. HBsAg was quantified using an NIBSC titrated standard. sCD14 levels were higher in chronic hepatitis B and C patients than in healthy controls (P = 0.0006 and P < 0.0001, respectively). In chronic hepatitis B patients an inverse correlation was found between sCD14 and HBsAg (P = 0.0309). Lipopolysaccharide binding protein and C-reactive protein levels were higher in acute hepatitis B patients than in control subjects (P = 0.0217 and P = 0.0034, respectively). In chronic hepatitis B and C, sCD14 and C-reactive protein levels were higher in cirrhotic than in non-cirrhotic patients (P = 0.0072 and P = 0.0223, respectively).
TAPE (2009)

A growing challenge in embedded system design is coping with increasing power densities resulting from packing more and more transistors onto a small die area, which in turn transform into thermal hotspots. In the current late silicon era silicon structures have become more susceptible to transient faults and aging effects resulting from these thermal hotspots. In this paper we present an agent-based power distribution approach (TAPE) which aims to balance the power consumption of a multi/many-core architecture in a pro-active manner. By further taking the system's thermal state into consideration when distributing the power throughout the chip, TAPE is able to noticeably reduce the peak temperature. In our simulation we provide a fair comparison with the state-of-the-art approaches HRTM [19] and PDTM [9] using the MiBench benchmark suite [18]. When running multiple applications simultaneously on a multi/many-core architecture, we are able to achieve an 11.23% decrease in peak temperature compared to the approach that uses no thermal management [14]. At the same time we reduce the execution time (i.e. we increase the performance of the applications) by 44.2% and reduce the energy consumption by 44.4% compared to PDTM [9]. We also show that our approach exhibits higher scalability, requiring 11.9 times less communication overhead in an architecture with 96 cores compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Can blog communication dynamics be correlated with stock market activity? (2008)

In this paper, we develop a simple model to study and analyze communication dynamics in the blogosphere and use these dynamics to determine interesting correlations with stock market movement. This work can drive targeted advertising on the web as well as facilitate understanding community evolution in the blogosphere. We describe the communication dynamics by several simple contextual properties of communication, e.g. the number of posts, the number of comments, the length and response time of comments, strength of comments and the different information roles that can be acquired by people (early responders / late trailers, loyals / outliers). We study a "technology-savvy" community called Engadget (http://www.engadget.com). There are two key contributions in this paper: (a) we identify information roles and the contextual properties for four technology companies, and (b) we model them as a regression problem in a Support Vector Machine framework and train the model with stock movements of the companies. It is interestingly observed that the communication activity on the blogosphere has considerable correlations with stock market movement. These correlation measures are further cross-validated against two baseline methods. Our results are promising yielding about 78% accuracy in predicting the magnitude of movement and 87% for the direction of movement.
Highly Diastereoselective Epimerization: Stereodivergent Synthesis of α-Hydroxy-β-amino Isopentanoic Acid (2006)

The high diastereoselectivity of the base-catalyzed epimerization of oxazolidin-2-ones 7 and 8 is shown to depend on the nature of the N-substituent (R group); when R = Bn, the 4,5-trans-product (4S,5R)-9 is formed, whereas when R = H the 4,5-cis-product (4S,5S)-10 is formed, both with >99:1 dr. The successful hydrolysis of the oxazolidin-2-one group in both cis- and trans-derivatives show this to be a stereodivergent route to enantiopure alpha-hydroxy-beta-amino isopentanoic acids (2R,3S)-1 and (2S,3S)-2.
Mechanism of Action of Hypothalamic Hormones in the Adenohypophysis (1979)

The observation of a close parallelism between changes of cyclic adenosine 35 monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and specific hormone release under the influence of 2 stimulatory hypothalamic hormones thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) and 1 inhibitory peptide (somatostatin) strongly suggest that the adenylate cyclase system is involved in the mechanism of action of these 3 peptides in the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism (depicted in a figure) is supported by data obtained on the characteristics of the TRH receptor and properties of adenohypophyseal cAMP-dependent protein kinase and its substrates. Estrogen treatment in vivo led to an increase in the number of adenohpophyseal TRH receptors whereas opposite effects were seen after thyroid hormone administration. In vitro pituitary cell primary cultures showed that estrogens stimualted both LH and follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone secretions while androgens had opposite effects on the secretion of the 2 hormones markedly inhibiting LH and stimulating FSH. The effect of progesterone in estradiol-primed cells was biphasic LH secretion whereas the effect on FSH secretion was exclusively stimulatory. Inhibin activity of ovarian and testicular origin was a potent inhibitor of basal FSH release. Recent data indicate that dopamine may be the main or even the only inhibitory substance of hypothalamic origin controlling prolactin secretion. Estrogens were found to stimulate the prolactin secretion directly at the pituitary level and to reverse the inhibitory effect of dopamine agonists on prolactin secretion.
Chemical‐Labeling‐Assisted Detection of Nucleobase Modifications by Quantum‐Tunneling‐Based Single‐Molecule Sensing (2019)

Quantum-tunneling-based DNA sensing is a single-molecule technique that promises direct mapping of nucleobase modifications. However, its applicability is seriously limited because of the small difference in conductivity between modified and unmodified nucleobases. Herein, a chemical labeling strategy is presented that facilitates the detection of modified nucleotides by quantum tunneling. We used 5-Formyl-2'-deoxyuridine as a model compound and demonstrated that chemical labeling dramatically alters its molecular conductance compared with that of canonical nucleotides; thus, facilitating statistical discrimination, which is impeded in the unlabeled state. This work introduces a chemical strategy that overcomes the intrinsic difficulty in quantum-tunneling-based modification analysis-the similarity of the molecular conductance of the nucleobases of interest.
Influence of Ocular Gaze and Head Position on 4 m Heterophoria and Fixation Disparity (1991)

Four-meter heterophoria and fixation disparity measurements were taken from a sample of 40 young adults in primary gaze, 33 degrees left and right lateral gaze, and in 2 head/gaze positions related to golf putting. Comparisons using analysis of variance were made between the mean values in each gaze position and between the test-retest range of values in each gaze position. Mean heterophoria was more eso (p less than 0.05) in the two head/gaze positions related to golf putting than in other gaze positions, whereas mean fixation disparity was more eso (p less than 0.05) in rightward than in primary gaze. Phoria test-retest range was less (p less than 0.05) in all nonprimary gaze positions than in primary gaze. One of the putting-related gaze positions showed smaller (p less than 0.05) fixation disparity ranges than the primary or leftward position of gaze. All measures were highly variable among subjects. Trends present in the data suggested greater esophoria and eso fixation disparity mean values, and lesser heterophoria and fixation disparity test-retest range values in all nonprimary positions relative to primary gaze. The behavior of exophoric and esophoric subjects differed only in regard to changes in heterophoria associated with left and right lateral gaze. These data indicate differences in oculomotor postural tendencies relative to position of gaze. Relevance of the results to athletes is discussed.
Service OAM in DOCSIS provisioning of EPON networks (2012)

Version 1.0 of the DPoE <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> Specifications provides a mechanism for automated device and service provisioning that is consistent with MSOs' existing DOCSIS provisioning infrastructure. Examining the extension of the DPoE provisioning model to accommodate S-OAM suggests aspects of the current IEEE and MEF configuration management model appear to be at odds with the DPoE model. In this article, we examine the need for S-OAM in DPoE Networks, look deeper into the operation and configuration aspects of S-OAM, and propose a novel approach to automating the process.
DNA Topoisomerase 1 Facilitates the Transcription and Replication of the Ebola Virus Genome (2013)

Ebola virus (EBOV) protein L (EBOL) acts as a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. To better understand the mechanisms underlying the transcription and replication of the EBOV genome, we sought to identify cellular factors involved in these processes via their coimmunoprecipitation with EBOL and by mass spectrometry. Of 65 candidate proteins identified, we focused on DNA topoisomerase 1 (TOP1), which localizes to the nucleus and unwinds helical DNA. We found that in the presence of EBOL, TOP1 colocalizes and interacts with EBOL in the cytoplasm, where transcription and replication of the EBOV genome occur. Knockdown of TOP1 markedly reduced virus replication and viral polymerase activity. We also found that the phosphodiester bridge-cleaving and recombination activities of TOP1 are required for the polymerase activity of EBOL. These results demonstrate that TOP1 is an important cellular factor for the transcription and replication of the EBOV genome and, as such, plays a key role in the EBOV life cycle.
Large magnetotunneling effect at low magnetic fields in micrometer-scale epitaxialLa0.67Sr0.33MnO3tunnel junctions (1996)

We have used a self-aligned lithographic process to fabricate magnetic tunnel junctions of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ down to a few micrometers in size. We have obtained a magnetoresistance ratio as large as 83% at low magnetic fields of a few tens of Oe, which correspond to the coercivities of the magnetic layers. Transmission-electron-microscopy analysis has revealed the heteroepitaxial growth of the trilayer junction structure, ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$/SrTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$/${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$ ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. We have observed current-voltage characteristics typical of electron tunneling across an insulating barrier. The large magnetoresistance is likely due to the nearly half-metallic electronic structure of the manganites.
In silico simulation of liver crack detection using ultrasonic shear wave imaging (2018)

In this paper, we simulate the use of a USWI based method for the detection and delineation of the crack in liver. The in silico simulation helps to improve understanding and interpretation of USWI measurements in a physical scattered liver medium with a crack. This pilot study provides a basis for improved insights in future crack detection studies in a tissue phantom or liver.
Enforced Segregated Stacking in Metallomacrocyclic “METALS.” New Information on Phthalocyanine Donor-Acceptor Interactions (1983)

Abstract The chemical, structural, optical and electrical conductivity characteristics of the cofacially joined metallophthalocyanine polymer [Si(Pc)O]n are probed in response to incremental doping by organic (dichlorodicyanoquinone) and inorganic (NO+BF4 −, NO+PF6 −) oxidants of greatly differing structural and electronic characteristics. The achievable degree of partial oxidation, the homogeneity of the doping process, and the macroscopic mechanism of charge transport appear to be remarkably similar.