gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Characterization for IEEE 802.11p Network With Single Channel Devices (2011)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of networks built from single-channel devices that use wireless access in vehicular environment protocols. We consider several traffic combinations, each of which presents a mix of traffic classes, over control and service channels. Our results show that time switching between the channels causes synchronization of backoff processes, which increases the frame collision probability, in particular for small sizes of contention windows. We also evaluate the impact of the interruption of the backoff process by inactive channel time, which gives rise to a probability distribution with repeated tails and a coefficient of variation larger than 1. Our model can also be used to evaluate different sets of enhanced distributed channel access parameters and to select the channel duty cycle according to the policy of the network operator.
Greedy learning of graphical models with small girth (2012)

This paper develops two new greedy algorithms for learning the Markov graph of discrete probability distributions, from samples thereof. For finding the neighborhood of a node (i.e. variable), the simple, naive greedy algorithm iteratively adds the new node that gives the biggest improvement in prediction performance over the existing set. While fast to implement, this can yield incorrect graphs when there are many short cycles, as now the single node that gives the best prediction can be outside the neighborhood. Our new algorithms get around this in two different ways. The forward-backward greedy algorithm includes a deletion step, which goes back and prunes incorrect nodes that may have initially been added. The recursive greedy algorithm uses forward steps in a two-level process, running greedy iterations in an inner loop, but only including the final node. We show, both analytically and empirically, that these algorithms can learn graphs with small girth which other algorithms - both greedy, and those based on convex optimization - cannot.
Magnetic phase diagram of two identical coupled nanomagnets (2004)

The theoretical magnetic phase diagram of two identical nanomagnets is presented. The nanomagnets are assumed to be single domains in the shape of very flat ellipsoids, in order to approximate technologically relevant thin-film samples patterned into ellipses. The phase diagram is organized by type of easy axis hysteresis loop and takes into account, using exact closed analytic expressions, the effect of thickness, width, length, magnetization, and uniaxial intrinsic anisotropy of the two nanoparticles, and exchange coupling between the two particles. Two phase diagrams are presented for the two cases where the intrinsic anisotropy is parallel to either the long or short in-plane axis of the nanoparticles. Complete descriptions of all hysteresis loops and exact analytic formulas for all switching fields are given.
ROLLOVER CRASH SAFETY PATENTS I: OCCUPANT PROTECTION, CURTAINS, SHADES AND INFLATABLES. IN: OCCUPANT AND VEHICLE RESPONSES IN ROLLOVERS (2004)

This chapter on rollover crash safety patents is from a comprehensive textbook on occupant and vehicle responses in rollovers. After a brief introduction, the chapter consists of reprinted examples of rollover crash safety patents, primarily labeled line drawings with some very brief descriptions. This chapter focuses on concepts specific to occupant protection, including curtains, shades and inflatable systems with application to rollover safety. The author also includes those concepts for front, side and rear protection, where the technology might have application to rollover crashes. The first page includes historical patents to show information on the concepts and technologies considered. Early concepts emphasized containment of the occupant in the seat and limiting movement in the crash. Ideas for deployable curtains and shades have a rich history with early patents from the 1950s through the present. Finally, a series of patents is included on restraints and barriers. The author located US patents by searching primary, secondary, and tertiary references for rollover safety related topics, using the United States Patent and Trademark Office website (http://patft.uspto.gov/netahtml/search).
Engaging technology for encouraging physical activity in COPD patients: A first user test (2015)

It is known that a physically active lifestyle can improve quality of life and help in managing COPD. It is important for patients to be aware of how physically active they are. Our aim was to test usage, usability, acceptance, and compliance of a web-based physical activity interface (PAI) in COPD patients. 14 COPD patients were recruited (age: 60.9±8.8yrs; 5M, 9F) at the CIRO+ Expertise Center (Horn, Netherlands). Patients were provided a Direct Life (Philips) activity monitor (AM) and physical activity (PA) was monitored for 2 weeks. Patients were provided with the PAI and were instructed to upload their PA data recorded by the AM, review it, plan and mark as complete their activities each day. Patients were not encouraged or asked to perform any additional PA and were interviewed about their experiences and acceptance of the PAI. Compliance to wearing the AM was 88.2±20.5% of time and patients showed an average daily active energy expenditure of 398.5±191.6 kcal. Patients logged on daily with a minimum of 2 sessions but with lower usage during weekends. The average daily time spent on the PAI was 11 minutes. Patients planned 2.68±1.89 tasks a day with 1.70±1.66 tasks marked as complete. There was a significant correlation between the number of planned and completed tasks (r=0.69; p=0.0042). The PAI scored high (&gt;80%) on Usefulness, Satisfaction, and Ease of use questionnaire. Patients were highly engaged in the PAI indicated by the high compliance to activity monitoring and planning tasks. Although patients indicated a beneficial value for managing their PA, further studies are needed to prove the efficacy of a PAI and verify whether such tool could be used in improving/maintaining PA.
Evidence against a role for simian virus 40 in malignant mesothelioma in Japan (2006)

10040 Background: Malignant mesothelioma is a highly aggressive tumor arising from serosal membranes, most commonly the pleura. Worldwide incidence is increasing because of widespread exposure to asbestos, the major causal agent. Incidence of this disease also is increasing dramatically in Japan. Association of simian virus 40 (SV40) with malignant mesothelioma has been reported, suggesting that SV40 plays an important role in the origin of a subset of these tumors. Most recently, evidence against any role for SV40 in this disease has been also reported. The role of SV40 in malignant mesothelioma remains still controversial. In addition, it has been argued that differences in the reported frequency of SV40 detection in malignant mesothelioma may be related to geographic variation in populations exposed to the virus. Whether SV40 is associated with malignant mesothelioma in Japan therefore is an important issue. However, no study concerning SV40 in malignant mesothelioma has been reported from Japan. Methods: To address this, we studied 35 malignant mesotheliomas including 32 men and 3 women with a median age of 61 years (ranges 34 to 85) and examined the presence of SV40 large T antigen DNA with real time PCR based on TaqMan technology using primers that PCR amplified a specific 156-bp region of the large Tag of SV40 as well as its expression with immnohistological methods using anti-SV40 large T antigen antibody (pAb101, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc., CA). Results: Two of 35 mesotheliomas were considered positive for the presence of SV40 large T antigen DNA, showing ratios of 36.0 and 4.9. The ratio in the positive control was 199.0. The two positive cases consisted of one epithelioid tumor and one biphasic tumor. In addition, none of 35 malignant mesothelioma specimens were positve for staining with SV40 large T antigen antibody; in contrast, diffuse staining for SV40 large T antigen was observed in the cytoplasm and on the cell membranes in the positive control. Conclusions: Taken together, these findings strongly argue against any role of SV40 in the etiology of the majority of malignant mesothelioma in Japan. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Airway epithelial gene expression is altered in survivors of preterm birth (2022)

<b>Background &amp; Aim:</b> It is unknown what drives ongoing respiratory symptoms in many survivors of preterm birth (&lt;37 weeks gestation). This study aims to identify which genes and pathways may contribute to poor respiratory outcomes after preterm birth and assesses the hypothesis that prematurity alters transcript expression in airway epithelial cells (AEC). <b>Methods:</b> Primary cell cultures were established using AEC samples collected from nasal brushings of 8 term (GA&gt;37w, 3.0 ± 1.1 years at collection) and 11 preterm participants (GA 25-31.2 weeks, 1.4 ± 0.1 years at collection). RNA was extracted from airway epithelial cells both immediately after brushing and from established cell cultures to perform bulk RNA sequencing (SE, 100bp, 20M). Differential expression analysis was conducted&nbsp;utilising limma voom&nbsp;with a false discovery rate &lt;5% and 1.5 fold-change cut-offs. Enrichment analysis was conducted using the Reactome database. <b>&nbsp;Results:</b> A total of 4,134 genes were differentially expressed between term and preterm AECs in <i>ex vivo</i> samples and 1,029 genes in <i>in vitro</i> samples. Enrichment analysis on downregulated genes present in both <i>ex vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> samples identified 4 clusters from 17 processes, of which ‘immune system’ was the predominant cluster (62.5%). Only 3 processes were identified from upregulated genes which clustered in two categories, ‘signal transduction’ and ‘developmental biology’. <b>Conclusion:</b> A gene expression hallmark was distinguished in the comparison of preterm versus term AECs which is maintained in cultured cells. Variations in immune-related categories suggest differential modulation in survivors of preterm birth, though functional analysis is still required for validation.
Consensus in Ad Hoc WSNs With Noisy Links—Part II: Distributed Estimation and Smoothing of Random Signals (2008)

Distributed algorithms are developed for optimal estimation of stationary random signals and smoothing of (even nonstationary) dynamical processes based on generally correlated observations collected by ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Maximum a posteriori (MAP) and linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) schemes, well appreciated for centralized estimation, are shown possible to reformulate for distributed operation through the iterative (alternating-direction) method of multipliers. Sensors communicate with single-hop neighbors their individual estimates as well as multipliers measuring how far local estimates are from consensus. When iterations reach consensus, the resultant distributed (D) MAP and LMMSE estimators converge to their centralized counterparts when inter-sensor communication links are ideal. The D-MAP estimators do not require the desired estimator to be expressible in closed form, the D-LMMSE ones are provably robust to communication or quantization noise and both are particularly simple to implement when the data model is linear-Gaussian. For decentralized tracking applications, distributed Kalman filtering and smoothing algorithms are derived for any-time MMSE optimal consensus-based state estimation using WSNs. Analysis and corroborating numerical examples demonstrate the merits of the novel distributed estimators.
Clinical-Based, Task-Specific and Subject-Oriented Approaches Essential to Effective Robotics Rehabilitation (2011)

The special issue of Advanced Robotics deals with clinical-based, task-specific and subject-oriented approaches essential to effective robotics rehabilitation of patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. Robotic rehabilitation training leads to a loss of physical interactions between the therapist and the patient. Bio-feedback is a necessary consideration in addition to robotic gait training to overcome this challenge in effective robotics rehabilitation of patients. It can provide an online feedback about the patients' performance to the training and allow the patient and the therapist to assess the walking performance. The rehabilitation, the integration of robot-aided training with biofeedback needs to incorporate a number of features and outcomes to provide an effective robotic rehabilitation. One of the papers from the special issue on gait rehabilitation introduces an overground gait rehabilitation robot, integrating three modules, such as robotic orthosis, pelvic arm, and mobile platform.
Femtosecond laser-induced nanogratings formation assisted by silver ions in a gallophosphate glass and correlated optical properties (2015)

We report on the significant role of silver ions during femtosecond laser-induced formation of nanogratings (NGs) at the surface of high optical quality gallophosphate glasses that we develop. Compared to the non-doped glass matrix, the silver-containing glass showed remarkable silver-dependent behaviors, namely lower fluence thresholds of NGs formation and higher NGs quality with much smoother shapes. Additionally, the silver-containing glass also led to a multi-functional behavior since fluorescence and effective second-order nonlinear optical properties were correlatively observed, resulting from the laser-induced formation of silver clusters and of a space-charge separation, respectively. These silver-related linear and nonlinear optical properties were shown to occur prior the NGs formation. By decoupling the origin of the free ionized electrons from the glass matrix network, we demonstrate that noble metal ions can play the role of a reservoir of available electrons that can facilitate the incubation processes and NGs formation, improving thus the NGs quality. Such a material doping can be thought as a material engineer approach by means of extrinsic doping.
QoS class mapping mechanism at the access gateway (2005)

This paper is concerned about an optimum access control algorithm to guarantee quality of service over an access networks. First, protocol and network architecture after introducing a motive and circumstance is mentioned. And there is some analysis of the queuing model for the access network. Finally the author concluded the effect and performance of this mechanism
Opioid receptors and legal highs:Salvia divinorumand Kratom (2008)

Salvia divinorum and Mitragyna speciosa ("Kratom"), two unscheduled dietary supplements whose active agents are opioid receptor agonists, have discrete psychoactive effects that have contributed to their increasing popularity. Salvia divinorum contains the highly selective kappa- opioid receptor agonist salvinorin A; this compound produces visual hallucinations and synesthesia. Mitragynine, the major alkaloid identified from Kratom, has been reported as a partial opioid agonist producing similar effects to morphine. An interesting minor alkaloid of Kratom, 7-hydroxymitragynine, has been reported to be more potent than morphine. Both Kratom alkaloids are reported to activate supraspinal mu- and delta- opioid receptors, explaining their use by chronic narcotics users to ameliorate opioid withdrawal symptoms. Despite their widespread Internet availability, use of Salvia divinorum and Kratom represents an emerging trend that escapes traditional methods of toxicologic monitoring. The purpose of this article is to familiarize toxicologists and poison control specialists with these emerging psychoactive dietary supplements.
Extending growth inhibition during area-selective atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 on aminosilane-functionalized SiO2 (2022)

During area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) based on growth inhibitors, nucleation eventually occurs as the metal precursor reacts with the surface through secondary pathways. We show that ALD of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on functionalized SiO<sub>2</sub> can be significantly delayed by using a lower reactivity, heteroleptic precursor at well below the saturation dose.
Olfactory Receptors: Transduction, Diversity, Human Psychophysics and Genome Analysis (2007)

The emerging understanding of the molecular basis of olfactory mechanisms allows one to answer some long-standing questions regarding the complex recognition machinery involved. The ability of the olfactory system to detect chemicals at sub-nanomolar concentrations is explained by a plethora of amplification devices, including the coupling of receptors to second messenger generation through GTP-binding proteins. Specificity and selectivity may be understood in terms of a diverse repertoire of olfactory receptors of the seven-transmembrane-domain receptor superfamily, which are probably disposed on olfactory sensory neurons according to a clonal exclusion rule. Signal termination may be related to sets of biotransformation enzymes that process odorant molecules, as well as to receptor desensitization. Many of the underlying molecular components show specific expression in olfactory epithelium, with a well-orchestrated developmental sequence of emergence, possibly related to sensory neuronal function and connectivity requirements. A general model for molecular recognition in biological receptor repertoires allows a prediction of the number of olfactory receptors necessary to achieve efficient detection and sheds light on the analogy between the immune and olfactory systems. The molecular cloning and mapping of a human genomic olfactory receptor cluster on chromosome 17 provides insight into olfactory receptor diversity, polymorphism and evolution. Combined with future genotype-phenotype correlation, with particular reference to specific anosmia, as well as with computer-based molecular modelling, these studies may provide insight into the odorant specificity of olfactory receptors.
Growth of Phthalocyanine Doped and Undoped Nanotubes Using Mild Synthesis Conditions for Development of Novel Oxygen Reduction Catalysts (2010)

Precious metal alloys have been the predominant electrocatalyst used for oxygen reduction in fuel cells since the 1960s. Although performance of these catalysts is high, they do have drawbacks. The two main problems with precious metal alloys are catalyst passivation and cost. This is why new novel catalysts are being developed and employed for oxygen reduction. This paper details the low temperature solvothermal synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotubes that have been doped with both iron and cobalt centered phthalocyanine. The synthesis is a novel low-temperature, supercritical solvent synthesis that reduces halocarbons to form a metal chloride byproduct and carbon nanotubes. Perchlorinated phthalocyanine was added to the nanotube synthesis to incorporate the phthalocyanine structure into the graphene sheets of the nanotubes to produce doped nanotubes that have the catalytic oxygen reduction capabilities of the metallo-phthalocyanine and the advantageous material qualities of carbon nanotubes. The cobalt phthalocyanine doped carbon nanotubes showed a half wave oxygen reduction potential of -0.050 ± 0.005 V vs Hg\HgO, in comparison to platinum's half wave oxygen reduction potential of -0.197 ± 0.002 V vs Hg\HgO.
due to Stress and its Sim (2013)

Modern CMOS and memory d which are high aspect ratio elements. While n enhance electrical characteristics, they are m structures. Unexpected failure mechanisms, s and even cracking can arise in such devices. T such mechanisms and offers a methodology to
A mathematical framework for multiscale science and engineering : the variational multiscale method and interscale transfer operators. (2004)

Existing approaches in multiscale science and engineering have evolved from a range of ideas and solutions that are reflective of their original problem domains. As a result, research in multiscale science has followed widely diverse and disjoint paths, which presents a barrier to cross pollination of ideas and application of methods outside their application domains. The status of the research environment calls for an abstract mathematical framework that can provide a common language to formulate and analyze multiscale problems across a range of scientific and engineering disciplines. In such a framework, critical common issues arising in multiscale problems can be identified, explored and characterized in an abstract setting. This type of overarching approach would allow categorization and clarification of existing models and approximations in a landscape of seemingly disjoint, mutually exclusive and ad hoc methods. More importantly, such an approach can provide context for both the development of new techniques and their critical examination. As with any new mathematical framework, it is necessary to demonstrate its viability on problems of practical importance. At Sandia, lab-centric, prototype application problems in fluid mechanics, reacting flows, magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), shock hydrodynamics and materials science span an important subset of DOE Office of Science applications and form an ideal proving ground for new approaches in multiscale science.
Use of functional protein pathway activation mapping in glioblastoma samples to differentiate long-term from short-term survivors along with pathway-driven molecular subgroups. (2010)

2051 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. It is highly lethal, with a median survival time of 9 to 18 months. New prognostic biomarkers are critically needed to help predict survival and to identify potential targets for therapy of prognostic subgroups. While GBM has recently been characterized by genomic analysis, little is known about what protein pathways are activated in GBM that could be useful for stratification to targeted therapeutics. We have applied a novel protein pathway activation mapping technique to study a set of GBM samples to identify signaling pathways that correlate with survival, and generate a new basis for molecular classification of GBM based on signaling portraits. Methods: Tumor cells from 44 frozen resection samples of GBM patients, were isolated using Laser Capture Microdissection. The activation (phosphorylation) status of over 100 key signaling proteins was then quantitatively measured in these samples by Reverse Phase Protein Microarray. Patients were treated by surgery and external beam radiation therapy, followed by chemotherapy. Statistical analysis of short term survivors (N=21, median OS 4 months) and long term survivors (n = 20, median OS 21 months) was performed using Wilcoxon rank sum and Kaplan Meier analysis. Results: Analysis revealed differently activated proteins that could discriminate short-term and long-term survivors (p < 0.05) that are involved in angiogenesis (VEGFR2, eNOS, HIF1 alpha), cytoskeleton and cytoskeleton reorganization (adducin, beta actin, PAK1/2), apoptosis (bcl-2, caspase 3), growth factor signaling (cKIT, IGFR, IRS) as well as centrally important downstream cytoplasmic kinases (AKT, PKC alpha, FAK, PLK1). Conclusions: Network-scale protein signaling activation analysis of GBM samples identified a novel prognostic signature comprised of phosphoproteins whose activation correlated with OS. These results, if validated in a larger study set, could form the basis of personalized therapy trials for GBM where pathway signatures are used to rationally stratify and select patients for molecular targeted inhibitors. No significant financial relationships to disclose.