gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schistosomal egg granuloma-derived fibroblast-stimulating factor is apparently distinct from interleukin-1 (1989)

We have previously reported that egg granulomas isolated from livers of Schistosoma mansoni-infected euthymic mice in vitro elaborate a factor(s) that stimulates a variety of fibroblast responses including fibroblast proliferation and enhanced synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. We have postulated that these factors play a role in the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis in schistosomiasis mansoni. Serum-free supernatants from egg granuloma cultures also stimulate thymocyte proliferation in an assay that defects interleukin-1 (IL-1). Thymocytes and fibroblasts are stimulated to proliferate by the same fractions of egg granuloma culture supernatant separated by gel filtration, isoelectric focusing, and ion-exchange chromatography. This suggested that granuloma-derived IL-1 is responsible for the observed fibroblast stimulation. Here we report that the ability of granuloma culture supernatants to stimulate the IL-1-sensitive D10.G4.1 cells but not fibroblasts is removed by treatment with immobilized anti-IL-1 antibody. We also observed that dialyzed culture supernatants from egg granulomas obtained from infected congenitally athymic (nude) mice also stimulate fibroblast proliferation. Treatment with anti-IL-1 antibody did not abrogate this response. In contrast to our experience with egg granulomas isolated from euthymic mice, IL-1- and fibroblast-stimulating activity could be separated by gel filtration and isoelectric focusing. We conclude that the fibroblast growth-stimulating activities elaborated by egg granulomas from S. mansoni-infected euthymic and athymic mice may be different but both appear to be distinct from IL-1.
Proteomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate for diagnostics of respiratory system diseases (2016)

Study of proteomic composition of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a promising non-invasive method for diagnostics of respiratory system diseases in patients. In this study the EBC proteomic composition of 53 donors, including patients with different respiratory system diseases has been investigated. Cytoskeletal keratins type II (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) and cytoskeletal keratins type I (9, 10, 14, 15, 16) were invariant for all samples. Analyzing the frequency of occurrence of proteins in different groups of examined patients, several categories of proteins have been recognized: proteins found in all pathologies (dermcidin, alpha-1- microglobulin, SHROOM3), proteins simultaneously found in two groups (CSTA, LCN1, JUP, PIP, TXN), and proteins specific for a particular group (PRDX1, annexin A1/A2). The EBC analysis by HPLC-MS/MS can be used for identification of potential protein markers specific for inflammatory pulmonary diseases of infective origin (pneumonia) as well as for non-infectious diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Analysis of a novel horizontal output power supply circuit with distortion correction for television receivers (2003)

In the direct view type television receiver, the anode voltage of the picture tube, that is, the high voltage to supply the color picture varies with the change of brightness of the video signal. Consequently, the original picture is distorted by the change of the horizontal driving pulse width. Many circuits have been proposed to improve this problem. However in the conventional circuit, the horizontal width distortion seems to be not always improved sufficiently. This paper presents a novel horizontal output power supply circuit to correct the horizontal width distortion without power supply circuit to correct the horizontal width distortion without any side effects such as a voltage change in the low voltage sources. In the proposed circuit, the picture distortion is improved to less than one fourth of that in the conventional circuit when the white peak video signal is received.
Design and fabrication of flexible rod meshes (2015)

We present a computational tool for fabrication-oriented design of flexible rod meshes. Given a deformable surface and a set of deformed poses as input, our method automatically computes a printable rod mesh that, once manufactured, closely matches the input poses under the same boundary conditions. The core of our method is formed by an optimization scheme that adjusts the cross-sectional profiles of the rods and their rest centerline in order to best approximate the target deformations. This approach allows us to locally control the bending and stretching resistance of the surface with a single material, yielding high design flexibility and low fabrication cost.
Globally Optimal Symbolic Regression (2017)

In this study we introduce a new technique for symbolic regression that guarantees global optimality. This is achieved by formulating a mixed integer non-linear program (MINLP) whose solution is a symbolic mathematical expression of minimum complexity that explains the observations. We demonstrate our approach by rediscovering Kepler's law on planetary motion using exoplanet data and Galileo's pendulum periodicity equation using experimental data.
The Diels-Alder Reaction in Polymer Synthesis (1969)

The synthesis of high molecular weight polymers through the Diels-Alder step-growth reaction has been investigated for the preparation of polyimides and polyphenylenes. The reaction of biscyclopentadienones with bismaleimides affords high molecular weight, soluble polyimides while the same reaction of the cyclopentadienones with diacetylenes produces colorless, soluble, phenylated polyphenylenes of high molecular weight and in quantitative conversions. The polymers are amorphous, form clear films, and are stable in air to 550°C. The reaction of bis-2-pyrones with the diacetylene dienophile also has been shown to give polyphenyls.
Intersection Congestion Analysis Based on Cellular Activity Data (2020)

Intersections are the key joint points on arterials in urban transportation networks. Congestions at intersection areas significantly degrade human travel efficiency. Therefore, analyzing congestion and exploring congestion detection technologies to mitigate intersection congestions is important for intelligent transportation systems. This paper proposed the space mean speed calculation method at intersection related areas and explored the relationship between space mean speed and the number of cellular activities around the examined intersections. The number of vehicles in queue in each traffic signal phase-cycle at signalized intersections in Taicang city of China was counted from videos to verify the effectiveness of our proposed space mean speed calculation method. The results showed that our proposed calculation method of space mean speed at intersection areas were effective in describing traffic status. The investigated relationship between space mean speed and the number of cellular activities indicated that the number of cellular activities near intersections was a promising indicator for congestion detection.
Comparing noun phrasing techniques for use with medical digital library tools (2000)

In an effort to assist medical researchers and professionals in accessing information necessary for their work, the A1 Lab at the University of Arizona is investigating the use of a natural language processing (NLP) technique called noun phrasing. The goal of this research is to determine whether noun phrasing could be a viable technique to include in medical information retrieval applications. Four noun phrase generation tools were evaluated as to their ability to isolate noun phrases from medical journal abstracts. Tests were conducted using the National Cancer Institute's CANCERLIT database. The NLP tools evaluated were Massachusetts Institute of Technology's (MIT's) Chopper, The University of Arizona's Automatic Indexer, Lingsoft's NPtool, and The University of Arizona's AZ Noun Phraser. In addition, the National Library of Medicine's SPECIALIST Lexicon was incorporated into two versions of the AZ Noun Phraser to be evaluated against the other tools as well as a nonaugmented version of the AZ Noun Phraser. Using the metrics relative subject recall and precision, our results show that, with the exception of Chopper, the phrasing tools were fairly comparable in recall and precision. It was also shown that augmenting the AZ Noun Phraser by including the SPECIALIST Lexicon from the National Library of Medicine resulted in improved recall and precision.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Optically Active α‐Hydroxy Lactones by Sharpless Asymmetric Dihydroxylations of Ketene Acetals, Enol Ethers, and Ene Lactones. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2-(1,4-Dioxo-1,4-dihydro-2-naphthyl)-2-methylpropanoic acid (2007)

The sterically crowded title compound, C 14 H 12 O 4 , crystallizes as centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded dimers involving the carboxyl groups. The naphthoquinone ring system is folded by 11.5 (1)° about a vector joining the 1,4-C atoms, and the quinone O atoms are displaced from the ring plane, presumably because of steric interactions with the bulky substituent.
Physiologically relevant binding affinity quantification of monoclonal antibody PF‐00547659 to mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule for in vitro in vivo correlation (2016)

Our results successfully demonstrated that BSI measurements of physiologically relevant K<sub>D</sub> values can be used to establish IVIVC, for PF-00547659 to MAdCAM despite the lack of correlation when using Biacore measured K<sub>D</sub> and accurately estimates endogenous target concentrations. The application of BSI would greatly enhance successful basic pharmacological research and drug development.
Supersilyliertes Ethen trans-(tBu3Si)HC=CH(SitBu3) und Ethin (tBu3Si)C≡C(SitBu3) / Supersilylated Ethene trans-(tBu3Si)HC=CH(SitBu3) and Ethyne (tBu3Si)C≡C(SitBu3) (2009)

The supersilylated ethene trans-(tBu 3 Si)HC=CH(SitBu 3 ) (triclinic, P ī) is accessible from the reaction of tBu 3 SiCHBr 2 with nBuLi at −78 °C in THF or Et2 O. The reaction of Li(H 2 NCH 2 CH 2 NH 2 )C≡CH with tBu 3 SiBr leads to the formation of (tBu 3 Si)C≡CH and (tBu 3 Si)C≡C(SitBu 3 ). X-Ray quality crystals of (tBu 3 Si)C≡C(SitBu 3 ) (triclinic, P ī) were obtained by recrystallization from hexane. In contrast to the structures of the disilane tBu3Si-SitBu3 and the disiloxane tBu 3 Si-O-SitBu 3 , the sterically crowded ethene trans-(tBu 3 Si)HC=CH(SitBu 3 ) and ethyne (tBu 3 Si)C≡C(SitBu 3 ) feature dihedral angles of 60° in the solid-state structures
Refraction contrast imaging with a scanning microlens (2001)

We demonstrate subwavelength spatial resolution with a scanning microlens operating in collection mode with a large-area detector. Optical contrast is created by refraction of off-axis light rays at angles larger than the maximum collection angle. With a microfabricated silicon microlens 10 μm in diameter, we measure spatial resolution due to refraction contrast of λ/4.3 at a wavelength of λ=10.7 μm. A model based on ray tracing is developed to explain our result, and we show that lens diameter and index of refraction limit resolution for large emission and collection angles.
Strategic Approaches in Coronary Intervention (2000)

Updated to include the newest devices and procedures, this practical reference is a clinically oriented guide to interventional cardiology. Chapters by the foremost experts present step-by-step approaches to specific clinical problems and offer guidelines for selecting the most appropriate device and technique. The authors' recommendations are backed by their extensive experience and by evidence-based clinical trials. This Third Edition describes the latest stents and stenting procedures--including local drug delivery with coated stents--and provides state-of-the-art information on local myocyte injection, distal protection devices, peripheral vascular intervention, and new adjunctive therapies. The concluding chapter previews future developments in the field.
Recovery of Rare Earth Elements from Bioleachates by Precipitation (2020)

Rare earth elements are essential components in electronic devices, however because of the limited imports and mining capabilities in the US, recycling these rare earths is crucial. Common practices used to recover REEs including hydrometallurgy and pyrometallurgy are harmful to the environment. Bioleaching, a form of biohydrometallurgy, is an emerging process that uses organic acids synthesized by microorganisms and can leach REEs at comparable efficiencies to less environmentally conscious processes. Once the REEs are leached by the bio-lixiviant produced by microorganisms, the REEs are suspended in the solution and need to precipitate out in order to be harvested for reuse. Common chemicals used for rare earth precipitation in hydrometallurgy processes include sodium sulfate and oxalic acid. These two reagents were tested at varying stoichiometric excess concentrations in bio-leachate derived from smart phone speaker magnets and bio-lixiviant. Following the precipitation reactions, it was observed that the oxalic acid reaction precipitated an abundance of iron (II) oxalate, an REE contaminate. This is most likely due to the bio-leachate having a higher pH compared to the hydrometallurgical leachates. Therefore, it was determined that sodium sulfate is a better candidate for REE precipitation.
A Pyrene–Poly(acrylic acid)–Polyrotaxane Supramolecular Binder Network for High‐Performance Silicon Negative Electrodes (2019)

Although being incorporated in commercial lithium-ion batteries for a while, the weight portion of silicon monoxide (SiO<sub>x</sub> , x ≈ 1) is only less than 10 wt% due to the insufficient cycle life. Along this line, polymeric binders that can assist in maintaining the mechanical integrity and interfacial stability of SiO<sub>x</sub> electrodes are desired to realize higher contents of SiO<sub>x</sub> . Herein, a pyrene-poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)-polyrotaxane (PR) supramolecular network is reported as a polymeric binder for SiO<sub>x</sub> with 100 wt%. The noncovalent functionalization of a carbon coating layer on the SiO<sub>x</sub> is achieved by using a hydroxylated pyrene derivative via the π-π stacking interaction, which simultaneously enables hydrogen bonding interactions with the PR-PAA network through its hydroxyl moiety. Moreover, the PR's ring sliding while being crosslinked to PAA endows a high elasticity to the entire polymer network, effectively buffering the volume expansion of SiO<sub>x</sub> and largely mitigating the electrode swelling. Based on these extraordinary physicochemical properties of the pyrene-PAA-PR supramolecular binder, the robust cycling of SiO<sub>x</sub> electrodes is demonstrated at commercial levels of areal loading in both half-cell and full-cell configurations.
Microdissection of Primary Renal Tissue Segments and Incorporation with Novel Scaffold-free Construct Technology (2018)

Kidney transplantation is now a mainstream therapy for end-stage renal disease. However, with approximately 96,000 people on the waiting list and only one-fourth of these patients achieving transplantation, there is a dire need for alternatives for those with failing organs. In order to decrease the harmful consequences of dialysis along with the overall healthcare costs it incurs, active investigation is ongoing in search of alternative solutions to organ transplantation. Implantable tissue-engineered renal cellular constructs are one such feasible approach to replacing lost renal functionality. Here, described for the first time, is the microdissection of murine kidneys for isolation of living corticomedullary renal segments. These segments are capable of rapid incorporation within scaffold-free endothelial-fibroblast constructs which may enable rapid connection with host vasculature once implanted. Adult mouse kidneys were procured from living donors, followed by stereoscope microdissection to obtain renal segments 200 - 300 µm in diameter. Multiple renal constructs were fabricated using primary renal segments harvested from only one kidney. This method demonstrates a procedure which could salvage functional renal tissue from organs that would otherwise be discarded.
A dual-stage nanopositioning approach to high-speed scanning probe microscopy (2012)

A novel positioning concept for high-speed scanning probe microscopy is presented in which a dual-stage nanopositioner is used for precise positioning over large areas at high speeds. The nanopositioner combines a low-bandwidth, large-range commercial scanner with a custom-designed high-speed scanner for short-range positioning. We present the mechanical design, finite element simulations and experimental characterization of the high-speed scanner, showing exceptionally clean dynamics, high linearity and large actuation bandwidth. The scanner is equipped with a magneto-resistive position sensing scheme that provides subnanometer resolution over a large bandwidth. Advanced model-based feedback controllers are designed according to a newly developed control design architecture with direct shaping of the closed-loop noise sensitivity and experimental results are presented in which the dual-stage system is used for high-speed imaging in a custom-built atomic force microscope.
Effects on neurite outgrowth and cell survival of a secreted fibroblast growth factor binding protein upregulated during spinal cord injury (2007)

The fibroblast growth factor binding protein (FGF-BP; GenBank accession no. NP_005121) is a secreted protein that mobilizes FGFs from the extracellular matrix, protects them from degradation, and enhances their biological activity. Several previous studies reported that FGF-BP is an early response gene upregulated during tissue repair processes including wound healing and atherogenesis. In this study we analyzed whether FGF-BP expression was impacted by spinal cord injury and could have an effect on neuronal cell viability. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies revealed a dramatic upregulation of FGF-BP protein and mRNA levels following unilateral hemisection and contusion injury of adult rat spinal cord. In spinal cord sections of laminectomized rats, increased FGF-BP expression was observed in the fibers and cell bodies ipsilateral to the lesion site but was absent in the uninjured spinal cord tissue contralateral to the lesion. Increased expression of FGF-BP was observed at all postinjury time points, examined with peak levels occurring at day 4, a time when injury-induced increased levels of FGF2 have also been reported to be maximal. Moreover, using PC12 cells as a neuronal model, we observed that exogenous FGF-BP increased the capacity of FGF2 to stimulate neurite outgrowth and to increase cell survival. At the molecular level, FGF-BP enhanced FGF2-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and AKT/PKB activation. Collectively, these results suggest that FGF-BP is an early response gene after spinal cord injury and that its upregulation in regenerating spinal cord tissue may provide a molecular mechanism for enhancing the initial FGF2-mediated neurotrophic effects occurring after such tissue damage.
Anticancer anilinoacridines. A process synthesis of the disubstituted amsacrine analog CI‐921 (1989)

Abstract An improved process for the synthesis of bulk quantities of the clinical amsacrine analog CI‐921 is reported. Described also are detailed analytical and spectroscopic data for this agent.
Spondylolisthesis and Tight Hamstrings (1970)

1. Ten cases of spondylolisthesis with hamstring tightness are reported. 2. The clinical appearance as well as the roentgenographic findings are described, and the associated findings of scoliosis and spina bifida occulta are stressed. 3. Myelograms were available for eight of the ten patients. A complete block was present in five patients and partial obstruction was seen in the remaining three. 4. In seven of the ten patients, the posterior elements of the fifth lumbar vertebra were loose, and a defect in the pars interarticularis was demonstrated at surgery. 5. Satisfactory immediate results were obtained in all patients following laminectomy of the fifth lumbar vertebra and spine fusion (plus sacral osteoplasty in five patients and excision of the disc between the fifth lumbar and first sacral vertebrae in two patients). In one patient there was recurrence of back pain three years after surgery.
HEx: a heterologous expression platform for the discovery of fungal natural products (2018)

Abstract For decades, fungi have been a source of FDA-approved natural products such as penicillin, cyclosporine, and the statins. Recent breakthroughs in DNA sequencing suggest that millions of fungal species exist on Earth with each genome encoding pathways capable of generating as many as dozens of natural products. However, the majority of encoded molecules are difficult or impossible to access because the organisms are uncultivable or the genes are transcriptionally silent. To overcome this bottleneck in natural product discovery, we developed the HEx (Heterologous EXpression) synthetic biology platform for rapid, scalable expression of fungal biosynthetic genes and their encoded metabolites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We applied this platform to 41 fungal biosynthetic gene clusters from diverse fungal species from around the world, 22 of which produced detectable compounds. These included novel compounds with unexpected biosynthetic origins, particularly from poorly studied species. This result establishes the HEx platform for rapid discovery of natural products from any fungal species, even those that are uncultivable, and opens the door to discovery of the next generation of natural products. Summary Here we present the largest scale effort reported to date toward the complete refactoring and heterologous expression of fungal biosynthetic gene clusters utilizing HEx, a novel synthetic biology platform.
Root-Polynomial Colour Correction (2011)

Cameras record three colour responses (RGB) which are device dependent i.e. different cameras will produce different RGB responses for the same scene. Moreover, the RGB responses do not correspond to the device-independent tristimulus values as defined by the CIE. The most common method for mapping RGBs to XYZs is the simple 3&#xD7;3 linear transform (usually derived through regression). While this mapping can work well it does sometimes map RGBs to XYZs with high error. On the plus side the linear transform is independent of camera exposure. An alternative and on the face of it more powerful, method for colour correction is polynomial regression. Here, the RGB at a pixel is augmented by polynomial terms e.g up to second order RGB maps to the 9-vector (R,G,B,R2,G2,B2,RG,RB,GB). With respect to this polynomial expansion colour correction is a 9&#xD7;3 linear transform. For a given calibration set-up polynomial regression can work very well indeed and can reduce colorimetric error by more than 50%. However, unlike linear maps the polynomial fit depends on exposure: as exposure changes the vector of polynomial components alters in a non linear way. In this paper we propose a new polynomial-type regression which we call &#x2018;Root-Polynomial Colour Correction&#x2019;. Our idea is to take each term in a polynomial expansion and take its kth root of each k-order term. For the 2nd order polynomial expansion the corresponding independent root terms are R,G,B, &#x221A;RG, &#x221A;RB and &#x221A;GB (6 independent terms instead of 9: the first roots of R, G and B equal the 2nd roots of R2, G2 and B2). It is easy to show terms defined in this way scale with exposure and so a 6&#xD7;3 regression mapping can be used for colour correction. Encouragingly, our initial experiments demonstrate that root-polynomial colour correction enhances colour correction performance on real and synthetic data.