gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power inverter implementing phase skipping control (2023)

A power inverter includes a DC/AC inverter having first, second and third phase circuitry coupled to receive power from a power source. A controller is coupled to a driver for each of the first, second and third phase circuitry (control input drivers). The controller includes an associated memory storing a phase skipping control algorithm, wherein the controller is coupled to receive updating information including a power level generated by the power source. The drivers are coupled to control inputs of the first, second and third phase circuitry, where the drivers are configured for receiving phase skipping control signals from the controller and outputting mode selection signals configured to dynamically select an operating mode for the DC/AC inverter from a Normal Control operation and a Phase Skipping Control operation which have different power injection patterns through the first, second and third phase circuitry depending upon the power level.
Coating Noble Metal Nanocrystals (Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) on Polystyrene Spheres via Ultrasound Irradiation (2005)

The method of ultrasound irradiation is used for anchoring metallic nanocrystals (Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt) onto the surface of polystyrene spheres. In former studies, almost all the sonochemically prepared, coated metallic nanomaterials were formed as amorphous nanoparticles (Pol, V. G.; et al. Langmuir 2002, 18, 3352; Pol, V. G.; et al. Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 1111; Zhong, Z. Y.; et al. Chem. Mater. 1999, 11 (9), 2350; Pol, V. G.; et al. Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 1378), which were coated on various substrates (silica spheres, carbon spherules, titania, and alumina). On the other hand, the noble metal nanoparticles deposited on polystyrene spheres via ultrasound irradiation yielded nanocrystalline Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt particles on the surface of polystyrene as as-synthesized materials. The sonochemical mechanism is proposed based on chemical interactions between the particles.
Hierarchical Benchmark Circuit Generation for FPGA Architecture Evaluation (2012)

We describe a stochastic circuit generator that can be used to automatically create benchmark circuits for use in FPGA architecture studies. The circuits consist of a hierarchy of interconnected modules, reflecting the structure of circuits designed using a system-on-chip design flow. Within each level of hierarchy, modules can be connected in a bus, star, or dataflow configuration. Our circuit generator is calibrated based on a careful study of existing system-on-chip circuits. We show that our benchmark circuits lead to more realistic architectural conclusions than circuits generated using previous generators.
Nondestructive position-resolved measurement of the zero-dispersion wavelength in an optical fiber (1997)

We describe a new technique for mapping the distribution of the zero-dispersion wavelength in a span of optical fiber. With this technique, which is based on four-wave mixing of short pulses, we obtained a spectral accuracy of /spl plusmn/0.2 nm and a spatial resolution of 700 m. Theoretical analysis agrees well with experimental results and points to an order of magnitude improvement in spatial resolution using shorter pulses. Spatial resolutions less than 100 m may be necessary because we find, by destructive measurements, variations in lambda-zero by as much as 0.5 nm over spans of 500 m.
Über Metallcarbonyle. 50. Die Bedeutung von Nickel(IV)‐komplexen bei der Bildung von Nickelcarbonyl (1952)

Abstract Bei der Reaktion von Nickelverbindungen organischer Thiosäuren mit Kohlenoxyd in Systemen mit flüssiger Phase entsteht häufig auf bisher ungeklärte Weise Nickelcarbonyl. Kritische Untersuchungen führten zu dem überraschenden Ergebnis, daß hierbei Verbindungen mit vierwertigem Nickel die ausschlaggebende Rolle spielen. Es findet Valenzdisproportionierung nach dem Schema 2 Ni II → Ni IV (Komplex) + Ni 0 (CO) 4 statt, so daß bei Bildung stabiler Nickel(IV)‐verbindungen Carbonyl im Umfang von 50% entsteht. Systeme, in denen gegenüber Kohlenoxyd unbeständige Nickel(IV)‐Verbindungen zu erwarten wären, ermöglichen durch den katalytisch wirkenden Valenzwechsel Ni(II) → Ni(IV) → Ni(II) eine quantitative Carbonylbildung. Die Kohlenoxydreaktion findet nicht statt, wenn die Voraussetzungen zur Bildung einer Nickel(IV)‐Verbindung fehlen. – Aus diesen Überlegungen heraus ließ sich eine bequeme Laboratoriumsmethode zur Darstellung von Nickelcarbonyl unter normalen Bedingungen, d. h. bei gewöhnlichem Druck, entwickeln.
Gaussian-4 theory using reduced order perturbation theory (2007)

Two modifications of Gaussian-4 (G4) theory [L. A. Curtiss et al., J. Chem. Phys. 126, 084108 (2007)] are presented in which second- and third-order perturbation theories are used in place of fourth-order perturbation theory. These two new methods are referred to as G4(MP2) and G4(MP3), respectively. Both methods have been assessed on the G3/05 test set of accurate experimental data. The average absolute deviation from experiment for the 454 energies in this test set is 1.04 kcalmol for G4(MP2) theory and 1.03 kcalmol for G4(MP3) theory compared to 0.83 kcalmol for G4 theory. G4(MP2) is slightly more accurate for enthalpies of formation than G4(MP3) (0.99 versus 1.04 kcalmol), while G4(MP3) is more accurate for ionization potentials and electron affinities. Overall, the G4(MP2) method provides an accurate and economical method for thermochemical predictions. It has an overall accuracy for the G3/05 test set that is much better than G3(MP2) theory (1.04 versus 1.39 kcalmol) and even better than G3 theory (1.04 versus 1.13 kcalmol). In addition, G4(MP2) does better for challenging hypervalent systems such as H(2)SO(4) and for nonhydrogen species than G3(MP2) theory.
Asymptotically exact bounds on the size of high-order spectral-null codes (1999)

The spectral-null code S(n, k) of kth order and length n is the union of n-tuples with /spl plusmn/1 components, having kth-order spectral-null at zero frequency. We determine the exact asymptotic in n behavior of the size of such codes. In particular, we prove that for n satisfying some divisibility conditions, log/sub 2/|S(n, k)|=n-k/sup 2//2log/sub 2/n+c/sub k/+o(1), where c/sub k/ is a constant depending only on k and o(1) tends to zero when n grows. This is an improvement on the earlier known bounds due to Roth, Siegel, and Vardy (see ibid., vol40, p.1826-40, 1994).
First observation of soft x-ray induced phase transition of RbMn[Fe(CN)6] studied by Fe L-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (2009)

Temperature-induced and photoinduced phase transition in a ferromagnet Rb0.94Mn[Fe(CN)6]0.980.4H2O was studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy at Fe L-edge. Compared with spectra of K4[Fe(CN)6] and K3[Fe(CN)6] as standards for Fe(II) and Fe(III), temperature-induced phase transition is clearly shown. At 43 K, phase transition induced by the soft X-rays was firstly observed.
Fault localization by Dynamic Laser Stimulation extended testing (2009)

Up to date ULSI devices are triggering incredible challenges for End User Failure Analyst. Laser Stimulation (LS) techniques is one of the most adapted to face them. Static Laser Stimulation (SLS), with an appropriate choice of wavelength, has been widely use for leakage localization. More recently, Dynamic Laser Stimulation (DLS) has been applied to localize soft defects. It has been completed by Variation Mapping techniques (xVM). Today, Dynamic Laser Stimulation Extended testing, based on multi xVM and Full Dynamic Laser Stimulation (FDLS) open a wider range of applications for failure analysis and reliability purpose.
The hammerhead ribozyme (1999)

The hammerhead ribozyme is an intriguing RNA molecule with the ability to serve as a catalyst to cleave sequence-specifically RNA molecules in an intermolecular reaction. Preferentially Mg(2+) is required for optimal activity by inducing the catalytically competent conformation and by possibly acting as an acid-base catalyst. Even though the three-dimensional structure has been elucidated details of the structure-function relationship and of the mechanism remain unanswered. The hammerhead ribozyme has stimulated the concept of the sequence-specific cleavage of mRNAs intracellularly and thus to inhibit gene expression by preventing translation. This represents an area of considerable interest as it has the potential for the development of drugs.
A novel case of biliary common bile duct reconstruction by the rendezvous technique using endoscopic cholangioscopy and percutaneous cholangioscopy (2022)

SCOPUS: ar.j
Immobilization of a Hyperbranched Polyester via Grafting-to and Electron Beam Irradiation (2008)

Stable thin films of an aromatic-aliphatic hyperbranched polyester with hydroxyl groups were fabricated on silicon substrates using electron beam irradiation and a grafting-to approach. We present a detailed study on the influence of the dose, dose rate, and temperature on the film properties and degradation behavior of the polyester immobilized by electron beam irradiation. A patterned polyester film was prepared on the substrate using a masking technique. In the second part of this work, we report on a method for the strong binding of the hyperbranched polyester onto the surface of an "activated" silicon substrate without using any coupling agent. The results are compared with the grafting-to of the hydroxyl-terminated polyester using thin PGMA anchoring layers ( Reichelt et al. Macromol. Symp. 2007, 254, 240- 247 ). The optimal conditions and mechanism of the anchoring procedures were investigated. The surface and film properties of all immobilized polymer films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrokinetic measurements, contact-angle measurements by drop-shape analysis, spectroscopic and imaging ellipsometry, and infrared spectroscopy. It is shown that all immobilization methods can be optimized in such a way that the polymer surface properties remain unchanged compared to those of nongrafted polyesters.
Serum miR-22 as potential non-invasive predictor of poor clinical outcome in newly diagnosed, uniformly treated patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: an explorative pilot study (2018)

Our data suggest that miR-22 is of potential interest as non-invasive biomarker to predict clinical outcome in DLBCL patients. Characterization of miR-22 pathways can pave the way to the development of targeted therapy approaches for specific subgroups of DLBCL patients.
Predicting functional responses in agro‐ecosystems from animal movement data to improve management of invasive pests (2019)

Functional responses describe how changing resource availability affects consumer resource use, thus providing a mechanistic approach to prediction of the invasibility and potential damage of invasive alien species (IAS). However, functional responses can be context dependent, varying with resource characteristics and availability, consumer attributes, and environmental variables. Identifying context dependencies can allow invasion and damage risk to be predicted across different ecoregions. Understanding how ecological factors shape the functional response in agro-ecosystems can improve predictions of hotspots of highest impact and inform strategies to mitigate damage across locations with varying crop types and availability. We linked heterogeneous movement data across different agro-ecosystems to predict ecologically driven variability in the functional responses. We applied our approach to wild pigs (Sus scrofa), one of the most successful and detrimental IAS worldwide where agricultural resource depredation is an important driver of spread and establishment. We used continental-scale movement data within agro-ecosystems to quantify the functional response of agricultural resources relative to availability of crops and natural forage. We hypothesized that wild pigs would selectively use crops more often when natural forage resources were low. We also examined how individual attributes such as sex, crop type, and resource stimulus such as distance to crops altered the magnitude of the functional response. There was a strong agricultural functional response where crop use was an accelerating function of crop availability at low density (Type III) and was highly context dependent. As hypothesized, there was a reduced response of crop use with increasing crop availability when non-agricultural resources were more available, emphasizing that crop damage levels are likely to be highly heterogeneous depending on surrounding natural resources and temporal availability of crops. We found significant effects of crop type and sex, with males spending 20% more time and visiting crops 58% more often than females, and both sexes showing different functional responses depending on crop type. Our application demonstrates how commonly collected animal movement data can be used to understand context dependencies in resource use to improve our understanding of pest foraging behavior, with implications for prioritizing spatiotemporal hotspots of potential economic loss in agro-ecosystems.
Research for the Development of a pRMC Program for the Planetary Gear Noise (2013)

To design the optimized low noise planetary gear sets, a program called pRMC(planetary run many cases) is developed. The pRMC is especially using a combination analysis method for all gear specifications and also able to analyze any type of planetary gear sets. The pRMC is composed of the 5 sections those are generate, setting, evaluate, combine and analysis. After calculating all candidate gear sets, the pRMC could show many results that represent the character of each gear set including the transmission error which is the main gear noise factor, the contact ratios, the bending stress and so on. By comparing the results objectively, user could predict and select the optimized gear set which has quiet noise level and desired durability. The planetary gear designed by pRMC could have reduced noise and vibration level from 5 to 10 dB than previous-designed one.
Biogenic carbonate mineralogies through the Phanerozoic (1985)

Evidence is rapidly becoming available which indicates that global ocean chemistry has fluctuated with respect to carbonate solubility through Phanerozoic time; the mineralogy of inorganically precipitated carbonate cements appears to have changed as a result. Reported here are new scanning and transmission electron microscopic and ultrastructural evidence together with theoretical calculations that suggest such changes in global ocean chemistry also mediated mineralogic changes in the carbonate skeletons or some organisms. Many groups of organisms are thought to mediate the entire skeletal crystal growth process by actively directing ions into a potentially charged organic matrix, always constructing a specific mineral. A host of other groups of organisms only initiate skeletal crystal growth so that the majority of their skeletal mineral growth is physicochemical, akin to the precipitation of marine cements; inorganic skeletal crystal growth is usually followed by readsorption of these inorganically precipitating crystals by the organism, halting crystal growth and forming skeletons of finished adaptive design. The author propose that physicochemical dominated skeletonizers had heterogeneous primary mineralogies through Phanerozoic time; he further suggests that organisms most susceptible to mineralogic inversion with changing ocean chemistry are those that, by new definition (presented here), are organisms which are the dominant reef builders more » of any given ancient carbonate system. « less
The prediction of the damping effectiveness of multiple constrained layer damping treatments (1979)

An accurate, closed form solution is presented to the problem of determining the damping effectiveness of a damping treatment on a beam consisting of an arbitrary number of alternate viscoelastic and elastic layers. It was found that the sensitivity of the damping effectiveness to temperature variations may be controlled by using dissimilar viscoelastic layers.
Synthesis and Studies of 3′-C-Trifluoromethyl-β-D-ribonucleosides Bearing the Five Naturally Occurring Nucleic Acid Bases (2003)

3'-C-Trifloromethyl-beta-D-ribonucleoside derivatives bearing the five naturally occurring nucleic acid bases have been synthesized. All these derivatives were prepared by glycosylation reactions of purine and pyrimidine bases with a suitable peracylated 3-C-trifluoromethyl ribofuranose precursor. After deprotection, the resulting title nucleoside analogues were tested for their inhibitory properties against the replication of HIV, HBV and several RNA viruses. However, none of these compounds showed significant antiviral activity.
Chemodivergent Organolanthanide-Catalyzed C–H α-Mono-Borylation of Pyridines (2022)

Chemodivergent synthetic methodologies enable the efficient introduction of structural diversity into high-value organic products via simple chemical alterations. In this regard, C-H activation and functionalization of pyridinoid azines are important transformations in the synthesis of many natural products, pharmaceuticals, and functional materials. Reflecting on azinyl nitrogen lone-pair steric repulsion, its tendency to irreversibly coordinate metal ion catalysts, and the electron deficiency of pyridine, C-H functionalization at the important α-position remains challenging. Thus, developing earth-abundant catalysts for α-selective azine mono-functionalization is an attractive target for chemical synthesis. Here, the selective organolanthanide-catalyzed α-mono-borylation of a diverse series of 18 pyridines is reported using Cp*<sub>2</sub>LuCH(TMS)<sub>2</sub> (Cp* = η<sup>5</sup>-C<sub>5</sub>Me<sub>5</sub>) (TMS = SiMe<sub>3</sub>) and affording valuable precursors for subsequent functionalization. Experimental and theoretical mechanistic data reported here support the intermediacy of a C-H-activated η<sup>2</sup>-lanthanide-azine complex, followed by intermolecular α-mono-borylation via σ-bond metathesis. Notably, varying the lanthanide identity and substrate substituent electronic character promotes marked chemodivergence of the catalytic selectivity: smaller/more electrophilic lanthanide<sup>3+</sup> ions and electron-rich substrates favor selective α-C-H functionalization, whereas larger/less electrophilic lanthanide<sup>3+</sup> ions and electron-poor substrates favor selective B-N bond-forming 1,2-dearomatization. Such lanthanide series catalytic chemodivergence is, to our knowledge, unprecedented.
Environmentally friendly patterning of thin films in linear methyl siloxanes (2012)

A number of green solvents have been explored to reduce the environmental impact of many chemical processes. Among them, linear methyl siloxanes make up a class of solvents that are low in toxicity, VOC exempt and not ozone-depleting. In addition, their unique physical properties such as low surface tension and low viscosity can mitigate several issues encountered with conventional processing solvents. In order to understand the behavior of linear methyl siloxanes as processing solvents, the solubilities of polymers and small molecular glasses are studied in this work. Using lithography as a test of solubility differences, we have successfully shown patterning of thin films in linear methyl siloxanes thereby demonstrating their utility in processing organic systems.
Concise Total Synthesis of Dihydrocorynanthenol, Protoemetinol, Protoemetine, 3‐epi‐Protoemetinol and Emetine (2011)

Abstract A concise asymmetric assembly of secologanine tryptamine and dopamine alkaloids by means of a one‐pot three‐component cascade reaction methodology is disclosed. This is demonstrated by the expeditious total syntheses of (–)‐dihydrocorynanthenol, (–)‐protoemetinol, (–)‐protoemetine, (–)‐3‐ epi ‐protoemetinol, and emetine (3–6 steps). The biomimetic synthetic strategy involved the following key steps: (i) One‐pot three‐component highly enantioselective catalytic Michael/Pictet–Spengler/lactamization cascade reactions; (ii) One‐pot tandem Swern oxidation/Wittig sequences; (iii) One‐pot tandem hydrogenation sequences.
Exploring the molecular basis for selective C–H functionalization in plant P450s (2020)

Highly prevalent in nature, cytochrome P450 enzymes are powerful biocatalysts for selective C-H functionalization [1].These heme-containing enzymes activate inert C-H bonds within complex molecules for a plethora of transformations with exquisite regio-, chemo-and stereoselectivity.Many plant P450s are of industrial relevance in the production of pharmaceuticals, fragrances, pesticides and vitamins, yet few have been employed commercially [2].Key examples include the P450 CYP71AV1 used for large-scale production of the antimalarial drug artemisinin, and CYP75 enzymes exploited for their differential hydroxylation abilities to manipulate color patterns in top-selling flowers [3].These cases illustrate a minuscule portion of the synthetic potential of P450s.Unveiling the molecular basis for selective C-H oxidation in plantderived P450s can facilitate their engineering towards increased commercial applications.However, despite their widespread occurrence [1,2], little is known about the basis for their late-stage selectivity given the limited number of crystal structures available [4].Contrary to bacterial P450s, which are generally soluble and expressed in high levels [1,3], most plant P450s are found in low yields in native tissues complicating their isolation.Moreover, they are typically membranebound through the N-terminus in the endoplasmic reticulum (Fig. 1A), and insoluble when produced in bacterial expression systems such as Escherichia coli [2].Other challenges include the need for co-expression of native reductase partners, proper incorporation of the heme cofactor, differences in codon preference and genetic instabilities when large or multiple plasmids are employed [5].Eukaryotic-based heterologous hosts exist, including Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, yet similar challenges remain.In their recent ACS Catalysis article [6], authors Chun Li and coworkers highlight an interesting avenue towards the rational engineering of plant P450s that are difficult to express in vitro.This work deepens our understanding of the selectivity and iterative mechanism involved in the biosynthesis of medicinally relevant molecules.
Effect of caloric restriction on the expression of the Sirtuin Proteins (2012)

SirT1 is a deacetylase whose expression and activity increases during times of caloric restriction (CR). CR has been implicated lifespan extension in rodents, flies and worms, and SirT1 appears to be required for this increased longevity. Sirtuins have also been implicated in the regulation of transcriptional events, apoptosis, and energy efficiency. Many of the sirtuin proteins are similar in function, although they vary in cellular location. Interestingly, numerous studies demonstrated SirT1 activity during CR, but CR effects on the remaining six sirtuin proteins remains relatively unknown. This study aims to analyze the expression of sirtuins in a variety of tissues from mice subjected to a two week 60% CR. We hypothesize that CR will cause increases in mRNA levels of multiple sirtuins. Male and female mice were monitored daily to determine their individual food intake for two weeks and were then given 60% of their normal daily intake for two weeks. Animals were euthanized and tissues snap frozen and stored until further processing. We will present data showing the levels of SirT1–7 as well as other important metabolic and reproductive genes in response to CR. This work is supported by NIH grants U54 HD012303 and T32 DK007494.
ChemInform Abstract: Improving the Odds in Discriminating “Drug‐Like” from “Non Drug‐Like” Compounds. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.