gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observing Electroluminescence from Yellow Luminescence-Like Defects in GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors (2008)

A yellow band electroluminescence (EL) characteristic, which might be attributed to the same origin as the yellow luminescence (YL) defects, was observed in GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) at room temperature. The YL-like defect origin has been tentatively confirmed by comparing EL and photoluminescence (PL) results. To further explore the properties of YL-like EL centers, EL dependence on the drain-to-source and gate-to-source voltage were investigated. The direct comparison between the EL and temperature distribution images from the same GaN HEMT suggests that two distinct EL emission mechanisms exist at the off-state breakdown. The other type of EL emission at off-state is attributed to carrier intravalley transition due to hot carrier generation by impact ionization at localized breakdown sites. This type of hot carrier induced light emission was observed at on-state and off-state operations. The YL-like emission was shown to have a stronger electric field than the hot carrier induced emission.
Frequency-Packed Faster-Than-Nyquist Signaling via Symbol-Level Precoding for Multiuser MISO Redundant Transmissions (2022)

This work addresses the issue of interference generated by co-channel users in downlink multi-antenna multicarrier systems with frequency-packed faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling. The resulting interference stems from an aggressive strategy for enhancing the throughput via frequency reuse across different users and the squeezing of signals in the time-frequency plane beyond the Nyquist limit. The spectral efficiency is proved to be increasing with the frequency packing and FTN acceleration factors. The lower bound for the FTN sampling period that guarantees information losslesness is derived as a function of the transmitting-filter roll-off factor, the frequency-packing factor, and the number of subcarriers. Space-time-frequency symbol-level precoders (SLPs) that trade off constructive and destructive interblock interference (IBI) at the single-antenna user terminals are proposed. Redundant elements are added as guard interval to cope with vestigial destructive IBI effects. The proposals can handle channels with delay spread longer than the multicarrier-symbol duration. The receiver architecture is simple, for it does not require digital multicarrier demodulation. Simulations indicate that the proposed SLP outperforms zero-forcing precoding and achieves a target balance between spectral and energy efficiencies by controlling the amount of added redundancy from zero (full IBI) to half (destructive IBI-free) the group delay of the equivalent channel.
Positive-Tone Photoresist Process for Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Development (2003)

A new supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) developable, chemically amplified positive-tone photoresist is introduced by silylation of poly(tetrahydropyranyl methacrylate-co-1H,1H-dihydroperfluorooctyl methacrylate) block and random copolymers following lithographic patterning by 248-nm irradiation. High-resolution submicrometer features are possible with scCO2 as the developing solvent.
Radio-Channel Characterization of Smart Grid Substations in the 2.4-GHz ISM Band (2016)

The smart grid (SG) represents the present and the future of electric power grids. Wireless networks (WNs) are a key technology for this updating process, empowering electric networks to be easily managed in a flexible and cost-effective way. However, as with any wireless technology and especially in a harsh multipath environment such as the SG, reckoning with an extensive channel characterization is crucial. This paper presents an exhaustive characterization of two representative scenarios, both in the transport and distribution segment of an SG: a 400-kV outdoor substation and a main power room. The 2.4-GHz ISM band-in which most wireless communication technologies applied to SG operate-is examined in depth to characterize the radio-propagation phenomena. Large and small-scale fading, RMS delay, coherence bandwidth, and electromagnetic interferences are studied under different line-of-sight, polarizations, and frequency conditions to derive empirical models allowing to estimate the aforementioned parameters in other SGs of a similar nature. Finally, to further evaluate and compare our channel characterization, a WN was simulated in a substation to examine the channel modeling impact on its suitable design and operation.
Deterministic Ultracold Ion Source Targeting the Heisenberg Limit (2009)

The major challenges to fabricate quantum processors and future nano-solid-state devices are material modification techniques with nanometer resolution and suppression of statistical fluctuations of dopants or qubit carriers. Based on a segmented ion trap with mK laser-cooled ions we have realized a deterministic single-ion source which could operate with a huge range of sympathetically cooled ion species, isotopes or ionic molecules. We have deterministically extracted a predetermined number of ions on demand and have measured a longitudinal velocity uncertainty of 6.3 m/s and a spatial beam divergence of 600 microrad. We show in numerical simulations that if the ions are cooled to the motional ground state (Heisenberg limit) nanometer spatial resolution can be achieved.
Computed Tomography Correlates with Cardiopulmonary Hemodynamics in Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease (2014)

Our objective was to determine whether computed tomography angiography (CTA) measurements of pulmonary artery size can noninvasively assess hemodynamics and diagnose pulmonary hypertension (PH) secondary to sickle cell disease (SCD). Twenty SCD patients with confirmed PH were compared with 20 matched controls. Diameters of the pulmonary artery trunk and branches were measured with CTA and a semiautomatic segmentation algorithm. Measurements were normalized by body size and correlated (Spearman rank) with hemodynamic markers from right-heart catheterization. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to investigate the role of pulmonary artery sizes in diagnosing PH. Analysis of pulmonary artery sizes adjusted for body surface area (BSA) resulted in the most significant discrimination between subjects with PH secondary to SCD and controls (P < 0.001); PH was diagnosed accurately with an area under the ROC curve of 0.99. There was significant correlation between pulmonary artery sizes and body mass index (BMI) and BSA only in controls (r = 0.46-0.68, P < 0.04 for all). The most significant correlations with hemodynamic markers were found between BMI-adjusted pulmonary artery sizes and high systolic pulmonary arterial pressure, high pulmonary vascular resistance, high systemic vascular resistance, and low cardiac output (r = 0.47, 0.62, 0.61, and 0.66, respectively; P < 0.04 for all). BMI-adjusted CTA measures of the pulmonary artery relate to high pulmonary vascular resistance and reduced cardiac output in patients with SCD and PH. CTA with quantitative image analysis is a powerful noninvasive diagnostic tool for PH in SCD and shows promise as estimator of hemodynamic markers.
Leucine-zipper dimerization motif encoded by the AF17 gene fused to ALL-1 (MLL) in acute leukemia. (1994)

Chromosome region 11q23 is involved in reciprocal chromosome translocations associated with human acute leukemias. These aberrations fuse the ALL-1 gene located at 11q23 to a series of partner genes positioned on a variety of human chromosomes. The fused genes encode chimeric proteins. Here we report the cloning and characterization of the ALL-1 partner at 17q21, the AF17 gene. The AF17 gene encodes a protein of 1093 amino acids, containing a leucine-zipper dimerization motif located 3' of the fusion point and a cysteine-rich domain at the N terminus. The latter can be arranged in three zinc fingers and shows homology to a domain within the protein Br140 (peregrin). AF17 contains stretches of amino acids previously associated with domains involved in transcriptional repression or activation. Based on features of AF17 and of the proteins encoded by the other partner genes analyzed and in conjunction with other recent studies, we propose a model in which ALL-1 rearrangements result in loss of function of the gene. In this model, the partner polypeptide plays an accessory role either by repressing activity of the truncated ALL-1 protein or by blocking the function of the normal protein presumably present in the leukemic cells.
Digital interface for IEC 61850. Requirements and accuracy definitions (2009)

This article describes a class designation and an accuracy calculation procedure for merging unit systems. The accuracy error calculations for each part have been performed using simulation models. Additionally, the requirements for the merging unit that come from the usage of the digital protocol according to IEC61850#9#2 a re described. Scenarios for testing a real merging unit and experimental results are presented.
Engaging Unmotivated Smokers to Move Toward Quitting: Design of Motivational Interviewing–Based Chatbot Through Iterative Interactions (2020)

Recruiting ambivalent smokers through the web is a viable method to train a chatbot to increase accuracy in reflection and summary statements, the building blocks of MI. A new set of 21 smoking reasons (both for and against) has been identified. Initial feedback from smokers on the experience shows promise toward using it in an intervention.
Changing epidemiology and emerging risk groups for pertussis (2006)

Pertussis remains one of the least well-controlled vaccine-preventable diseases for which routine vaccination exists. Although most often a persistent but relatively benign respiratory illness, pertussis can result in serious consequences, such as pneumonia, seizures, encephalopathy and death,
Chain Length Dependence of the Dielectric Constant and Polarizability in Conjugated Organic Thin Films (2018)

Dielectric materials are ubiquitous in optics, electronics and materials science. Recently, there has been new effort to characterize the dielectric performance of thin-films made of polarizable molecule assemblies, at both theoretical and experimental levels. [1-3] In this context, we will present the relation between the polarizability of the constituting molecule and the film dielectric constant, using periodic Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, for conjugated and saturated chains. We particularly explore the implication of the peculiar chain length dependence of the polarizability for conjugated molecules. We show and explain from DFT calculations and a simple Clausius-Mossotti-like depolarization model how this chain-length dependence is affected by the collective polarization. We show that a high sensitivity of the dielectric constant to the thin-film thickness is expected for conjugated molecules. This latter can increase by a factor of 3-4 at a reasonable coverage, just by extending the molecular length. This significantly limits the decline of the thin-film capacitance with the film thickness.[4] [1] Heitzer et al, Acc. Chem. Res., 2016, 10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00173 [2] Suchand Sangeeth et al, JACS, 2016, 10.1021/jacs.6b02039 [3] Bergren et al, J. Phys. Chem. C, 2010, 10.1021/jp106362q [4] Van Dyck et al, ACS Nano, 2017, 10.1021/acsnano.7b01807 Figure 1
Sigma-1 Receptor Agonist Fluvoxamine Ameliorates Fibrotic Response of Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2023)

Primary open-angle glaucoma remains a global issue, lacking a definitive treatment. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is considered the primary risk factor of the disease and it can be caused by fibrotic-like changes in the trabecular meshwork (TM) such as increased tissue stiffness and outflow resistance. Previously, we demonstrated that the sigma-1 receptor (S1R) agonist fluvoxamine (FLU) has anti-fibrotic properties in the kidney and lung. In this study, the localization of the S1R in TM cells was determined, and the anti-fibrotic efficacy of FLU was examined in both mouse and human TM cells. Treatment with FLU reduced the F-actin rearrangement, inhibited cell proliferation and migration induced by the platelet-derived growth factor and decreased the levels of fibrotic proteins. The protective role of the S1R in fibrosis was confirmed by a more pronounced increase in alpha smooth muscle actin and F-actin bundle and clump formation in primary mouse S1R knockout TM cells. Furthermore, FLU demonstrated its protective effects by increasing the production of nitric oxide and facilitating the degradation of the extracellular matrix through the elevation of cathepsin K. These findings suggest that the S1R could be a novel target for the development of anti-fibrotic drugs and offer a new therapeutic approach for glaucoma.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Synthesis of Micro and Mesoporous Molecular Sieves at Room Temperature and Neutral PH (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Specific in vitro transcription of conalbumin gene is drastically decreased by single-point mutation in T-A-T-A box homology sequence. (1980)

A single-point mutation, consisting of a T-to-G transversion, was made in the third nucleotide of the conalbumin gene T-A-T-A-A-A-A homology sequence (the T-A-T-A or Goldberg-Hogness box). In an in vitro system, specific transcription of the mutant DNA was drastically decreased compared to the normal gene. This down-mutation is consistent with the idea that the T-A-T-A box is an important element for specific initiation of transcription.
Formation of Disk- and Stacked-Disk-like Self-Assembled Morphologies from Cholesterol-Functionalized Amphiphilic Polycarbonate Diblock Copolymers (2013)

A cholesterol-functionalized aliphatic cyclic carbonate monomer, 2-(5-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-dioxane-5-carboxyloyloxy)ethyl carbamate (MTC-Chol), was synthesized. The organocatalytic ring-opening polymerization of MTC-Chol was accomplished by using N-(3,5-trifluoromethyl)phenyl-N′-cyclohexylthiourea (TU) in combinations with bases such as 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) and (−)-sparteine, and kinetics of polymerization was monitored. By using mPEG-OH as the macroinitiator, well-defined amphiphilic diblock copolymers mPEG113-b-P(MTC-Chol)n (n = 4 and 11) were synthesized. Under aqueous conditions, these block copolymers self-assembled to form unique nanostructures. Disk-like micelles and stacked-disk morphology were observed for mPEG113-b-P(MTC-Chol)4 and mPEG113-b-P(MTC-Chol)11, respectively, by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Small-angle neutron scattering supports the disk-like morphology and estimates the block copolymer micelle aggregation number in the dispersed solution. The hydrophobic nature of the cholesterol-containing block provides a versatile self-assembly handle to form complex nanostructures using biodegradable and biocompatible polymers for applications in drug delivery.
DCE-MRI perfusion imaging of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma nodal metastasis: Identifying radioresistance and the distant metastatic phenotyp (2008)

6041 Background: Nodal metastatic HNSCC (NM-HNSCC) represents a unique population of cells that may develop distant metastasis (DM) and increased radioresistance leading to the practice of post-RT neck dissections (ND). We hypothesized that the tumor vasculature may be important for both phenotypes. Methods: Since 2005, 50 subjects with NM-HNSCC (minimum 1 cm) treated with concurrent platinum based chemoradiotherapy were prospectively enrolled and evaluated with DCE-MRI to evalute nodal perfusion. DCE- MRI was performed on a Siemens 1.5 or 3T scanner with a modified fast 3D spoiled gradient-echo sequence. Patient motion movement was corrected for. A single dose of Gd-DTPA (0.1 mM/kg) was injected at 1 mL/s into an antecubital vein, followed by saline flush and scanning for 9 minutes. The signal-intensity time curves for the first 60 seconds from the nodal tumor and the arterial input function was used to compute the normalized integrated area under the curve (NIAUC60). Patients were treated in a uniform fashion utilizing a simultaneous infield boost IMRT prescription technique to 70.4 Gy in 32 fr. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Nonparametric statistical analysis was applied for comparative analyses. Results: 45 studies are available for analysis. Follow-up ranged from 1–21 months (mean 9 months). Analysis demonstrates a significant association between low nodal perfusion and radioresistance as defined by a positive ND (p=0.012). A significant association was seen between low nodal perfusion and the risk of DM (p=0.048). A scattterplot of nodal perfusion vs. nodal volume demonstrated an inverse relationship fitting a logarithmic model (R2=0.412, p<0.01). At the NIAUC60 cutoff of 0.4 which separated patients with or without residual neck disease, the logarithmic model predicted a corresponding nodal volume of 228 cc which reflects a nodal size of ∼6x6x6 cm. Conclusions: These observations lead to speculations that poor pre-treatment tumor perfusion may be a common mechanism associated with radioresistance and development of the distant metastatic phenotype. The prediction of a clinically prognostic nodal size offers internal validity for the clinical significance of nodal perfusion. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Supplementary Figure 5C-D from NVP-AUY922: A Novel Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Active against Xenograft Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5C-D from NVP-AUY922: A Novel Heat Shock Protein 90 Inhibitor Active against Xenograft Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Metastasis
In‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy of trimethyl aluminum and water half‐cycle treatments on HF‐treated and O3‐oxidized GaN substrates (2011)

Abstract We have investigated the effect of trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and water (H 2 O) half‐cycle treatments on HF‐treated, and O 3 ‐oxidized GaN surfaces at 300 °C. The in‐situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate no significant re‐growth of Ga–O–N or self‐cleaning on HF‐treated and O 3 ‐oxidized GaN substrates with exposure to water and TMA. This result is different from the self‐cleaning effect of Ga 2 O 3 seen on sulfur‐treated GaAs or InGaAs substrates. O 3 causes aggressive oxidation of GaN substrate and direct O–N bonding compared to H 2 O. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and Antiobesity Properties of 6-(4-Chlorophenyl)-3-(4-((3,3-difluoro-1-hydroxycyclobutyl)methoxy)-3-methoxyphenyl)thieno[3,2- d ]pyrimidin-4(3 H )-one (BMS-814580): A Highly Efficacious Melanin Concentrating Hormone Receptor 1 (MCHR1) Inhibitor (2016)

The potent MCHR1 in vitro and in vivo antagonist activity of a series of cyclic tertiary alcohols derived from compound 2b is described. Subsequent pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies identified BMS-814580 (compound 10) as a highly efficacious antiobesity agent with a relatively clean in vitro and in vivo safety profile.
Central Apelin Controls Glucose Homeostasis via a Nitric Oxide-Dependent Pathway in Mice (2011)

These data provide compelling evidence that central apelin participates in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and suggest a novel pathophysiological mechanism involved in the transition from normal to diabetic state.
Generalized Prognostic Algorithm Implementing Kalman Smoother (2015)

The ability to prognosticate the future state of a mechanical component can greatly improve the ability of a helicopter operator to manage their assets. Fundamentally, prognostics can change the logistics support of a helicopter by: reducing spares, improving the likelihood of a deployment meeting its mission requirements, and reducing unscheduled maintenance events. A successful prognosis is based on applying a fault model and usage metrics (torque) to a diagnostic. This paper addresses a generalized fault and usage model through simplification of Paris' Law and the use of a Kalman Smoother. This state observer technique is a backward/forward filtering technique that has no phase delay. This allows a generalized, zero tuning model that provides an improved component health trend, and a better estimate of the current remaining useful life (RUL).
Activity changes in neuron-astrocyte networks in culture under the effect of norepinephrine (2018)

The concerted activity of neuron-glia networks is responsible for the fascinating dynamics of brain functions. Although these networks have been extensively investigated using a variety of experimental (in vivo and in vitro) and theoretical models, the manner by which neuron-glia networks interact is not fully understood. In particular, how neuromodulators influence network-level signaling between neurons and astrocytes was poorly addressed. In this work, we investigated global effects of the neuromodulator norepinephrine (NE) on neuron-astrocyte network communication in co-cultures of neurons and astrocytes and in isolated astrocyte networks. Electrical stimulation was used to activate the neuron-astrocyte glutamate-mediated pathway. Our results showed dramatic changes in network activity under applied global perturbations. Under neuromodulation, there was a marked rise in calcium signaling in astrocytes, neuronal spontaneous activity was reduced, and the communication between neuron-astrocyte networks was perturbed. Moreover, in the presence of NE, we observed two astrocyte behaviors based on their coupling to neurons. There were also morphological changes in astrocytes upon application of NE, suggesting a physical cause underlies the change in signaling. Our results shed light on the role of NE in controlling sleep-wake cycles.
Intact insulin stimulation of skeletal muscle blood flow, its heterogeneity and redistribution, but not of glucose uptake in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (1997)

We tested the hypothesis that defects in insulin stimulation of skeletal muscle blood flow, flow dispersion, and coupling between flow and glucose uptake contribute to insulin resistance of glucose uptake in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We used positron emission tomography combined with [15O]H2O and [18F]-2-deoxy--glucose and a Bayesian iterative reconstruction algorithm to quantitate mean muscle blood flow, flow heterogeneity, and their relationship to glucose uptake under normoglycemic hyperinsulinemic conditions in 10 men with NIDDM (HbA1c 8.1+/-0.5%, age 43+/-2 yr, BMI 27.3+/-0.7 kg/m2) and in 7 matched normal men. In patients with NIDDM, rates of whole body (35+/-3 vs. 44+/-3 micromol/kg body weight.min, P < 0.05) and femoral muscle (71+/-6 vs. 96+/-7 micromol/kg muscle.min, P < 0.02) glucose uptake were significantly decreased. Insulin increased mean muscle blood flow similarly in both groups, from 1.9+/-0.3 to 2.8+/-0.4 ml/100 g muscle.min in the patients with NIDDM, P < 0.01, and from 2.3+/-0.3 to 3.0+/-0.3 ml/100 g muscle.min in the normal subjects, P < 0.02. Pixel-by-pixel analysis of flow images revealed marked spatial heterogeneity of blood flow. In both groups, insulin increased absolute but not relative dispersion of flow, and insulin-stimulated but not basal blood flow colocalized with glucose uptake. These data provide the first evidence for physiological flow heterogeneity in human skeletal muscle, and demonstrate that insulin increases absolute but not relative dispersion of flow. Furthermore, insulin redirects flow to areas where it stimulates glucose uptake. In patients with NIDDM, these novel actions of insulin are intact, implying that muscle insulin resistance can be attributed to impaired cellular glucose uptake.