gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon carbide JFET radiation response (1992)

Total dose and neutron-induced displacement damage effect studies are reported for n-channel, 2- mu m channel length, depletion mode junction-field-effect-transistors (JFETs) fabricated on 6H-silicon carbide. Very little effect was observed on device characteristics for total dose ionizing radiation for doses up to 100 Mrads(Si), but the devices were significantly degraded after a neutron fluence of 10/sup 16/ n/cm/sup 2/. A value of 4.5+or-0.5 carriers/cm/sup 3//neutrons/cm was obtained for the carrier removal rate from neutron irradiation. The results offer promise for SiC devices to be used in applications which combine high-temperature and radiation environments, where the use of Si and GaAs technologies is limited.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coupled monopole antenna design for multiband handset devices (2009)

Abstract A low profile planar antenna, comprising a driven element coupled with one or more parasitic elements is proposed. The design is suitable to be used into a handheld device due to the antenna reduced dimensions (33 × 15 × 1 mm 3 ). To facilitate the integration of other components, such as cameras or speakers, a ground plane area at the right side of the antenna is provided. The study carried out reveals the relevance of the arms location over the performance of the antenna. The theoretic analysis is reinforced using a network model and a parametric study. The coupling between elements controls the behavior of the antenna. In this sense, a weak coupling between the driven element and at least one parasitic element enhances the bandwidth, whereas a multiband behavior is achieved by a tight coupling. Finally, the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) influence has also been analyzed. ©2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 359–364, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24893
Dual-modality imaging and quantification of GLP-1R positive insulinoma and pancreatic beta-cell mass using a bimodal PET/fluorescence exendin-4 peptide (2014)

1172 Objectives GLP1-R targeting with exendin based peptides has shown promise for imaging of insulinomas and assessing pancreatic beta-cell mass (1,2). A dual-modality (nuclear and optical) GLP-1 ligand provides the opportunity to study GLP-1R expressing cells at the whole body level with PET and at high resolutions with optical imaging. Methods A novel sequential one-pot synthesis (radiolabeling/click reaction) is the key step in the synthesis of the multimodal imaging agent which is based on exendin-4, the chelator sarcophagine for labeling with radiometals, and a NIR fluorescent dye for optical imaging. Transgenic mice with beta-cell specific expression of EGFP and 916-1 insulinoma xenografts were used to demonstrate specificity. Results With new radiolabeling and click chemistry conditions we were able to synthesize a dual-modality imaging agent and radiolabel it with 64Cu (RCY = >95%, specific activity: 396 μCi/μg). The ligand visualized small ( Conclusions We have synthesized and characterized a new bimodal imaging agent that may be useful for pre-/and intraoperative imaging of insulinomas. Our results also demonstrate that optical imaging with a dual-modality probe can confirm specific targeting of a PET tracer at the cellular level. Research Support Supported by the Brain Tumor Center and the Imaging and Radiation Sciences Program of MSKCC (TR).
Dissonance theory of sound objects (2007)

With the central compositional role it places on timbre, electroacoustic music poses new questions and problems in existing definitions of musical dissonance. However, no comprehensive musical theory of dissonance as it relates to objects themselves or their syntactical constructs has yet been proposed. While the theory described in this dissertation is not comprehensive by any means, it attempts to paint a skeletal model of one through both musical and technical approaches. 
This dissertation first proposes the concept that individual objects can be considered relatively or dissonant, just as theorists have historically described dyads (and only more recently, chords) comprised of distinct pitches, by examining historical writings on dissonance and projecting linkages to the electroacoustic medium. Furthermore, it proposes a rudimentary musical model---not a mathematical or cognitivist one, of which several already do exist---of defined in terms of compositional aspects of electro-acoustic music. In a manner similar to how purely pitch-based notions of dissonance has informed the syntax of tension and release in tonal music, so has the timbral counterpoint of consonant and dissonant objects, if at only an intuitive level. 
Next, the concept of quantifying dissonance---both in historical context and current theoretical practice---is addressed, along with the extent to which objectification of dissonance is musically informative for analysis of particularly non-notated music. Subsequently, the dissertation formally defines the term sound motivating the necessity of viewing musical dissonance as an inherent property of a object, and it argues that objects themselves naturally fall onto multidimensional axes of consonance and dissonance with respect to particular physical and perceptual properties. A battery of listening tests that were conducted to test the proposed theory are then described and analyzed to attempt to find physical properties of and psychoacoustic factors that may influence the perception of sound-object dissonance. 
As a supplement to this dissertation, my composition Tilt for 7.1-channel computer playback with optional live electronics is included on an enclosed DVD. The work was commissioned in 2002 by the International Computer Music Association, and, while a separate project from this essay, is included here as a supplement. The DVD contains program notes and data files containing audio tracks, along with a two-channel mixdown.
Neutrophil Heterogeneity in Cancer: From Biology to Therapies (2019)

Neutrophils have been extensively described in the pathophysiology of autoimmune and infectious diseases. Accumulating evidence also suggests the important role of neutrophils in cancer progression through their interaction with cancer and immune cells in blood and in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Most studies have described neutrophils as key drivers of cancer progression, due to their involvement in various tumor promoting functions including proliferation, aggressiveness, and dissemination, as well as in immune suppression. However, such studies were focusing on late-stages of tumorigenesis, in which chronic inflammation had already developed. The role of tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) at early stages of tumor development remains poorly described, though recent findings indicate that early-stage TANs may display anti-tumor properties. Beyond their role at tumor site, evidence supported by NLR retrospective studies and functional analyses suggest that blood neutrophils could also actively contribute to tumorigenesis. Hence, it appears that the phenotype and functions of neutrophils vary greatly during tumor progression, highlighting their heterogeneity. The origin of pro- or anti-tumor neutrophils is generally believed to arise following a change in cell state, from resting to activated. Moreover, the fate of neutrophils may also involve distinct differentiation programs yielding various subsets of pro or anti-tumor neutrophils. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge on neutrophils heterogeneity across different tissues and their impact on tumorigenesis, as well as neutrophil-based therapeutic strategies that have shown promising results in pre-clinical studies, paving the way for the design of neutrophil-based next generation immunotherapy.
Quasi-periodicity in the wake of a rotationally oscillating cylinder (2000)

A systematic numerical analysis is performed for the quasi-periodicity in the wake where a circular cylinder is rotationally oscillated in time. The main emphasis is placed on the identification of frequency selection subjected to the controlled perturbations in the vicinity of lock-on. The frequency responses are scrutinized by measuring the lift coefficient ( C L ). A direct numerical simulation is made to portray the unsteady dynamics of wake flows at Re = 110. It is found that, after the shedding frequency is bifurcated at the boundary of lock-on, one frequency follows the forcing frequency and the other gradually converges to the natural shedding frequency. The asymptotic convergence phenomena are observed by solving the Van der Pol equation and the circle map. A new frequency selection formula is proposed. The quasi-periodic states are interpreted in terms of the forcing frequency, shedding frequency and modulated frequencies by employing the torus concept and the C L ( t ) diagram. In the quasi-periodic state, the variation of magnitudes and relevant phase changes of C L with forcing phase are examined.
Cancerous glucose metabolism in lung cancer—evidence from exhaled breath analysis (2016)

Cancer cells prefer hyperglycolysis versus oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen. This phenomenon is used through the FDG-PET scans, and may affect the exhaled volatile signature. This study investigates the volatile signature in lung cancer (LC) before and after an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to determine if tumor cells' hyperglycolysis would affect the volatile signature. Blood glucose levels and exhaled breath samples were analyzed before the OGTT, and 90 min after, in both LC patients and controls. The volatile signature was measured by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). Twenty-two LC patients (age 66.6 ± 12.7) with adenocarcinoma (n = 14), squamous (n = 6), small cell carcinoma (n = 2), and twenty-one controls (age 54.4 ± 13.7; 10 non-smokers and 11 smokers) were included. All LC patients showed a hyperglycolytic state in their FDG-PET scans. Both baseline and post OGTT volatile signatures discriminate between the groups. The OGTT has a minimal effect in LC (a decrease in m/z 54 by 39%, p v = 0.0499); whereas in the control group, five masses (m/z 64, 87,88, 142 and 161) changed by -13%, -49%, -40% and -29% and 46% respectively. To conclude, OGTT has a minimal effect on the VOC signature in LC patients, where a hyperglycolytic state already exists. In contrast, in the control group the OGTT has a profound effect in which induced hyperglycolysis significantly changed the VOC pattern. We hypothesized that a ceiling effect in cancerous patients is responsible for this discrepancy.
Co-X: Defining what Agents Do Together (2001)

Discussions of agent interactions frequently characterize behavior as Coherent, collaborative, cooperative, competitive, or coordinated. We propose a series of formal distinctions among these terms and several others. We argue that all of these are specializations of the more foundational category of correlation, which can be measured by the joint information of a system. We also propose congruence as a category orthogonal to the others, reflecting the degree to which correlation and its specializations satisfy user requirements. Then we explore the degree to which lack of correlation can arise purposefully, and show the need to use formal stochasticity in cases where such lack of correlation is truly necessary (such as in stochastic search). Keywords Coordination, correlation, competition, contention, cooperation, congruence, communication, command, constraint, construction, conversation, stigmergy, agent interaction 1.
A morphometric study of normal and varus knees (2014)

Diagnostic study, Level III.
Collaborative Center in Polymer Photonics (2006)

Abstract : A Collaborative Center in Polymer Photonics (CCPP) that utilizes the collected research expertise of the AFRL Materials and Manufacturing Directorate and The University of Akron College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering in the development of polymers for photonic systems has been established. The Collaborative Center was formed so as to augment the Air Force Materials Laboratory in-house photonics research through team work with The University of Akron's polymer program (ranked second in the Nation by U.S. News and World Report). To this end, research teams made up of scientists from both institutions have been set up to pursue topics of mutual interest. This was made possible by funding by AFOSR ($900 k), AFRL ($900 k), and The University of Akron ($900 k). The Center has the capability to respond rapidly to new research directions as the needs of the Air Force change. It is also in a position to leverage resources from other sources such as the State of Ohio.
Virtual Intermediate Bus CPU Voltage Regulator (2021)

This article presents a merged two-stage 48-V-to-1-V point-of-load (PoL) architecture with a 24-V virtual intermediate bus (VIB) for CPU voltage regulator applications. The VIB-PoL architecture includes two power conversion stages linked by a 24-V VIB with a significant voltage ripple. The first stage is a 2:1 interleaved charge pump, which converts 48 to 24 V. The second stage comprises multiple interleaved four-level series-capacitor buck modules with coupled inductors, converting 24 V to regulated 1 V with an equivalent voltage conversion ratio of 6:1. The VIB-PoL architecture achieves high efficiency and high power density by reducing the power conversion stress of both stages and eliminating the intermediate bus capacitors. A 48-V-to-1-V 640-A CPU voltage regulator with a peak power stage efficiency of 95.2% (93.3%, including gate driver loss), a full-load efficiency of 84.4% (83.1%, including gate driver loss), and a power density of 463 W/in <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^3$</tex-math></inline-formula> (at 1-V output with liquid cooling) is built and tested to demonstrate the VIB-PoL architecture.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THIOCANNABINOIDS (1976)

Abstract (+)‐Pu1egon (II) wird unter Piperidin‐ Katalyse an die Thiophenole (I) zu den Thioäthern (III) (Diastereomerengemische) addiert, die oberhalb 200°C wieder in die Ausgangsprodukte zerfallen.
<title>DCT image fidelity metric and its application to a text-based scheme for image display</title> (1993)

The discrete cosine transform (DCT) can be used to transform two images into a space where it is easy to obtain an estimate of their perceptual distance. We used this method to find the closest fit of the ASCII symbols (which includes the English alphabet, numbers, punctuation, and common symbols) to rectangular segments of a gray-scale image. Each segment was converted into a DCT coefficient matrix which was compared to the coefficient matrix of each ASCII symbol. The image segment was replaced with the symbol that had the least weighted Euclidean distance. Thus, a page of text was generated that resembled the original image. The text image format has the advantage that it can be displayed on a non-graphic terminal or printer. It can also be sent via electronic mail without requiring further processing by the receiver. The processing scheme can also be used to preview stored images when transmission bandwidth is limited or a graphic output device is unavailable.
Measuring Fiber and Component DGD Using Polarized Limited-Bandwidth Optical Sources and Monitoring the DOP (2004)

We identify four methods for measuring the differential group delay (DGD) of optical fibers and discrete optical components. We generate a test signal and launch it at 45/spl deg/ with respect to the principal state of polarization of a device under test (DUT). After the DUT, we measure the resulting minimum degree of polarization (DOP) and relate it to the DUT's DGD. Depending on the test signal used, along with the tone frequency-laser spacing and optical filter bandwidth, the relationship between DGD and the minimum DOP after the DUT may vary. In addition, these techniques can be used to measure the birefringence of nonmode-coupled and mode-coupled devices with a narrow transmission bandwidth. Our techniques are simple and provide flexibility in controlling the DGD measurement range and sensitivity.
Multiuser MIMO with Large Intelligent Surfaces: Communication Model and\n Transmit Design (2020)

This paper proposes a communication model for multiuser multiple-input\nmultiple-output (MIMO) systems based on large intelligent surfaces (LIS), where\nthe LIS is modeled as a collection of tightly packed antenna elements. The LIS\nsystem is first represented in a circuital way, obtaining expressions for the\nradiated and received powers, as well as for the coupling between the distinct\nelements. Then, this circuital model is used to characterize the channel in a\nline-of-sight propagation scenario, rendering the basis for the analysis and\ndesign of MIMO systems. Due to the particular properties of LIS, the model\naccounts for superdirectivity and mutual coupling effects along with near field\npropagation, necessary in those situations where the array dimension becomes\nvery large. Finally, with the proposed model, the matched filter transmitter\nand the weighted minimum mean square error precoding are derived under both\nrealistic constraints: limited radiated power and maximum ohmic losses.\n
Formation of Nitrogen vacancy center ensembles in Diamond Nanowires (2014)

We have demonstrated incorporation of a thin layer of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center ensembles at the surface of diamond nanowires. The signature of NV ensembles was confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy and electron spin resonance measurements.
Numerical Analysis of Optimum Peening Condition in terms of Collision Energy on Coil Spring by Shot Peening (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This subject focuses on the simulated shot peening analysis of the collision energy and simulated collision energy distribution on coil spring. The authors studied hit condition by changing peening angle, and checked relationship between collision energy and residual stress. There have been no report that describe an analysis on the simulated shot peening effect on helical-shaped whereas reports on flat material exist&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;span class="xref"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;)&lt;/sup&gt;. In this paper, shot size, peening angle, spring wire overlapping are considered. The effectiveness of this analysis is verified in comparison with the previous test result where light was used to check the shadow of shot shower.&lt;/div&gt;
Biodegradable and bioabsorbable sensors based on two-dimensional materials (2020)

Two-dimensional (2D) materials, including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), have attracted considerable attention for the last decade due to their unique electrical, optical and mechanical properties. Recently, as their unique characteristics of biocompatibility and biodegradation are known, research on applying them in diagnostic and therapeutic applications has received considerable attention. This review provides a broad overview of recent reports on the biocompatibility and biodegradability of 2D materials and highlights recent progress in biodegradable and bioabsorbable sensors for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,6‐DIAZAPHENALENE, A VINYLOGOUS IMIDAZOLE (1979)

Abstract Das aus dem Cyclohexandion (I) und dem Ketoglutarsäureester (II) hergestellte Oxo‐tetrahydrocumarin (III) wird mit Ammoniak in das Oxo‐chinolon (IV) umgewandelt und weiter durch Erhitzen mit Hydroxylamin zum Chinolon‐N‐oxid (V) cyclisiert.
The diabetes epidemic in China is a public health emergency: the potential role of prenatal exposure (2017)

Diabetes mellitus is one of the largest epidemics the world has ever faced (1). Globally, the number of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus has more than doubled over the past 20 years. The most recent global estimate from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) is that in 2015 there were 415 million people with diabetes and that by 2040 the number will be 642 million (2). The global health expenditure was estimated at US$673 billion. The IDF estimates of the number of people with diabetes, and therefore the economic costs to society, are imprecise and underestimate the disease burden (3). It is very likely that both are significant underestimates.
Influence of Geometry, Edges and Roughness on Liquid Penetration and Removal During Wet Cleaning (2013)

We examined how edges and roughness influence the penetration and removal of wet cleaning liquids from model vias. First, we demonstrated the influence of edges on the pinning of liquids. Next, we used this knowledge to construct models for estimating the influence of roughness on the inception of liquid movement. Our findings suggest that roughening of via walls reduces the ability of liquids to penetrate and impedes their removal.
Dynamic Exercise Attenuates Spontaneous Baroreceptor Reflex Sensitivity in Conscious Rats (2003)

In humans, it has been reported that dynamic exercise attenuates spontaneous baroreceptor reflex sensitivity (sBRS), which is an index of the gain of the baroreceptor-cardiac reflex. We demonstrated previously that endogenously produced NO from endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) within the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS), the central terminal site of baroreceptor afferents, depressed sBRS. In this study, we investigated whether eNOS activity within the NTS plays any role in down-modulating the sBRS during dynamic exercise. In conscious Wistar rats arterial pressure and heart rate (HR) were monitored continuously and chronically using radiotelemetry before and during wheel cage running at 6 m min(-1) for 10 min. sBRS was determined by a time-series method. During dynamic exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR were significantly increased (SBP: 138 +/- 2 vs. 125 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.001; HR: 447 +/- 6 vs. 362 +/- 8 beats min(-1), P < 0.001) while sBRS was significantly decreased (0.53 +/- 0.03 vs. 1.08 +/- 0.08 ms mmHg(-1), P < 0.001). In sino-aortic denervated rats the change in SBP in response to dynamic exercise was significantly larger than that in baroreceptor-intact rats (denervated: 21.6 +/- 2.5 mmHg; intact: 12.0 +/- 2.8 mmHg, P < 0.05). In contrast, denervation made no difference to the change in HR. Although disabling eNOS activity in the NTS by adenoviral-directed expression of a dominant negative mutant form of eNOS increased resting sBRS (1.48 +/- 0.20 vs. 1.09 +/- 0.15 ms mmHg(-1), P < 0.05), the absolute level reached during dynamic exercise was identical to control. These results demonstrate that during dynamic exercise (i) the sBRS decreases around the operating point of the baroreceptor-cardiac reflex function curve in normotensive rats, (ii) the baroreceptor reflex operates to limit the rise in arterial pressure, and (iii) the attenuation of sBRS is not mediated by changes in eNOS activity within the NTS.