gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Dual Camera Vision Systems (2009)

Many of the known visual systems in nature are characterized by a wide field of view allowing animals to keep the whole surrounding environment under control. In this sense, dragonflies are one of the best examples: their compound eyes are made up of thousands of separate light-sensing organs arranged to give nearly a 360° field of vision. However, animals with eyes on the sides of their head have high periscopy but low binocularity, that is their views overlap very little. Differently, raptors’ eyes have a central part that permits them to see far away details with an impressive resolution and their views overlap by about ninety degrees. Those characteristics allow for a globally wide field of view and for accurate stereoscopic vision at the same time, which in turn allows for determination of distance, leading to the ability to develop a sharp, three-dimensional image of a large portion of their view. In mobile robotics applications, autonomous robots are required to react to visual stimuli that may come from any direction at any moment of their activity. In surveillance applications, the opportunity to obtain a field of view as wide as possible is also a critical requirement. For these reasons, a growing interest in omnidirectional vision systems (Benosman 2001), which is still a particularly intriguing research field, has emerged. On the other hand, requirements to be able to carry out object/pattern recognition and classification tasks are opposite, high resolution and accuracy and low distortion being possibly the most important ones. Finally, three-dimensional information extraction can be usually achieved by vision systems that combine the use of at least two sensors at the same time. This article presents the class of hybrid dual camera vision systems. This kind of sensors, inspired by existing visual systems in nature, combines an omnidirectional sensor with a perspective moving camera. In this way it is possible to observe the whole surrounding scene at low resolution, while, at the same time, the perspective camera can be directed to focus on objects of interest with higher resolution.
Abstract 12750: Ascorbate Prevents Hypertension, Proteinuria and Concentric Hypertrophy by Balancing the Nitroso-redox System in a Model of Preeclampsia, the S-nitrosoglutathione Reductase (gsnor) Deficient Mice (2016)

Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE), a leading cause of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity, is characterized by increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and S-nitrosylated protein, and decreased levels of the antioxidant, ascorbate (Asc). Mice lacking S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR –/– ), a denitrosylase that regulates protein S-nitrosylation, exhibit a PE-like phenotype including maternal hypertension, proteinuria, cardiac concentric hypertrophy and impaired placental vascularization. We hypothesize that the PE-like phenotype is mediated by nitroso-redox imbalance and nitrosative stress and can be rescued by ascorbate treatment. Methods: Pregnant GSNOR –/– and control (WT) mice (n=5-7) were provided drinking water ± Asc beginning on day 0.5 of gestation (E0.5). We determined blood pressure using a Millar catheter, relative wall thickness by echocardiography, and placental vascularization by isolectin staining. Cardiomyocytes (CM) were isolated at late stage pregnancy (E17.5) and levels of ROS (2’7’-dichlorofluorescein), nitric oxide (NO, diaminofluorescin) and peroxynitrite (dihydrorhodamine 123) were determined by fluorescence (ΔF/F 0 ). Results: CMs isolated from pregnant GSNOR –/– hearts, exhibited elevated levels of ROS (2.48±0.39 vs. 1.58±0.18 in WT, P&lt;0.05), free nitric oxide (6.65±0.43 vs. 5.59±0.26 in WT, P&lt;0.05) and peroxynitrite (0.75±0.04 vs. 0.39±0.03 in WT, P&lt;0.05). These increases were prevented with Asc treatment (P&lt;0.01), which completely rescued the PE phenotype in GSNOR –/– mothers, including hypertension (105±2 mmHg vs. 95± mmHg in Asc-treated, P&lt;0.05), proteinuria (P&lt;0.05) and relative wall thickness (0.56±0.04 vs. 0.45±0.03 in Asc-treated (P&lt;0.05). Placental vascularization was also significantly improved with Asc treatment in GSNOR –/– mothers. Asc had no effect on these parameters in WT mice. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that nitroso-redox imbalance and nitrosative stress contribute to PE in mice. Asc treatment balanced the nitroso-redox system and rescued the pathological phenotypes in GSNOR –/– mice, suggesting that it can be used therapeutically to treat or prevent preeclampsia.
Enantioselective Synthesis of the C18−C25 Segment of Lasonolide A by an Oxonia-Cope Prins Cascade (2005)

[reaction: see text] A 2-oxonia-Cope Prins cascade was developed that led to a facile and stereoselective synthesis of the C18-C25 segment of lasonolide A. The strategy nicely handles the introduction of the quaternary center in the tetrahydropyran ring, and all of the stereogenic centers in the product arise from a single stereocenter introduced in a catalytic enantioselective reaction.
WITHDRAWAL OF MAGNESIUM ENHANCES CORONARY ARTERIAL SPASMS PRODUCED BY VASOACTIVE AGENTS (1982)

1 The influence of external magnesium ions ([Mg2+]o) on the sensitivity (i.e. EC50) and contractility (maximum response) of isolated large and small coronary arteries of the dog, obtained from different regions of the myocardium, to vasoactive agents was studied. 2 Removal of [Mg2+]o from the physiological salt solution enhanced, while elevation in [Mg2+]o to 4.8 mM, lowered the contractile sensitivity to three different agents, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), angiotensin II and KCl. 3 Contractility, of both large and small coronary arteries, to 5-HT and angiotensin II was potentiated and depressed, respectively, by withdrawal and elevation of [Mg2+]o; maximum responses to KCl were not altered by 0 or 4.8 mM [Mg2+]o. 4 Cumulative concentration-contractile effect curves to CaCl2 were shifted leftward on removal of [Mg2+]o; elevation of [Mg2+]o to 4.8 mM shifted the CaCl2 concentration-effect curves to the right. Maximal contractile responses to CaCl2 were enhanced by removal of, and reduced by elevation of, [Mg2+]o. 5 The calcium channel blocking agent, verapamil (10(-6)M), inhibited completely contractile responses to KCl; contractile responses elicited by angiotensin II and 5-HT were attenuated by verapamil. 6 A variety of pharmacological antagonists (phentolamine, propranolol, methysergide, atropine, diphenhydramine), as well as use of a prostaglandin cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, did not modify the altered contractile responses evoked by angiotensin II or KCl in different concentrations of Mg2+. 7 These results suggest: (1) [Mg2+]o may exert considerably greater influence on receptor-operated rather than membrane-potential sensitive channels involved in Ca2+ transport in coronary arterial smooth muscle; (2) Mg2+ interferes with the affinity (binding) of certain agonists (5-HT and angiotensin II) for their respective receptors in coronary vascular muscle; and (3) a functional pool of Ca2+ which is resistant to Ca2+-depletion, but accessible to activation by 5-HT and angiotensin II is present in canine coronary arterial smooth muscle.
Stages of T cell activation: continued antigen dependence of IL 2-producing cells after IL 2 receptor expression. (1986)

Alloantigen stimulation leads, within 48 to 72 hr, to the expression of IL 2 receptors (IL 2R) on the surface of most of the helper T cells with specificity for the stimulating antigens. The IL 2R-bearing cells, separated by flow cytometry from 3-day human or mouse mixed lymphocyte cultures, were found by limiting dilution methods to be enriched 10- to 20-fold (compared to IL 2R- cells) for antigen-specific helper T cells detected by IL 2 production. Although these cells have been activated to an IL 2R+ stage, most of them are unable to produce detectable IL 2 unless they are cultured together with the original, activating antigen. Even when IL 2 is supplied, and lymphokine production measured by assay of a second factor, IL 3, the large majority of individual activated helper T cells remain dependent on further antigenic exposure for their continued maturation into lymphokine-secreting effectors. Helper T cells at this early stage of activation can therefore proliferate when given IL 2 alone, but lymphokine secretion involves a second antigen-dependent step.
High-power erbium-doped fiber amplifier pumped by wavelength multiplexed semiconductor laser diode unit (2002)

High-power optical fiber amplifiers (OFAs) are needed in various optical transmission systems: wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems, large passive splitting systems, long-haul repeaterless systems, analog distribution systems, etc. The use of high power pumping sources is one of the most important factors for high-power OFAs. High-power OFAs with various pumping sources are reported. We demonstrate a high-power Er-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) pumped with wavelength multiplexed light from a MQW semiconductor laser diode unit.
Improved Zonal Isolation in Open Hole Applications (2014)

Abstract Achieving effective zonal isolation within long reach horizontal wells via conventional means, such as cement or swell packers, is becoming increasingly challenging to the industry. The longer step outs limit the Equivalent Circulation Density (ECD) due to frac/pore pressure limitations. Subsequent complex stimulation operations impose higher differential pressure (dP) across the packers. To address these challenges, a novel design was introduced, effectively creating an expandable metal, sleeve-type annular barrier that allows cementless completions and effective zonal isolation. The design of the new annular barriers, assembled on a full bore liner, minimizes the running outside diameter (OD) whilst delivering a high differential pressure seal even within a washed out hole. The qualification process was designed to meet the International Organization for Standardization ISO14310 V3 standard and to simulate the lifecycle of the packer during acid stimulation and later-life water management. The benefits to operators include increased reliability and certainty for success, both in the short-term and over the life of the wells. This paper reports recent implementation of the new annular barrier to meet the unique challenges of annular high pressure containment. Findings are supported by specific case examples, and the paper includes a discussion on design, application and performance.
STUDIES OF ENZYME POLYMORPHISM IN THE KAMUELA POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MERCATORUM. III. EFFECTS OF VARIATION AT THE αGPD LOCUS AND SUBFLIGHT STRESS ON THE ENERGY CHARGE AND GLYCOLYTIC INTERMEDIATE CONCENTRATIONS (1983)

We have employed a "level crossing" strategy to study the primary effects of an enzyme polymorphism in Drosophila mercatorum. This strategy consists of following genetic differences across intervening phenotypes to possible fitness effects. In this paper, we report the steady state concentrations of the glycolytic intermediates and the adenylates (intervening phenotypes) in two genotypes (alpha GPD-F, alpha GPD-S) at two stress levels (rest, subflight). We did not detect a genotype or a genotype by stress interaction effect on glycolytic intermediate or adenylate concentrations despite the ability of the experimental design to detect a 20 to 50% difference from the mean of a control. The flux of glycolysis is adequate to maintain the energy charge in both strains under the stress levels considered. If there is a fitness difference between these alpha GPD variants, it is unlikely to be a result of modifications of glycolysis. Subflight stress, however, resulted in an increase in metabolic flux. The observed pattern of intermediate concentration differences is consistent with the modulation of glycolysis by the ratio of the ATP and AMP concentrations acting on phosphofructokinase activity.
Word spotting method based on HMM phoneme recognition (1988)

A new technique for detecting and locating key words in continuous speech using (hidden Markov model) (HMM) phoneme recognition is proposed. HMM word models are composed of HMM phone models trained on an isolated word database. Because the speaking rates for isolated words and continuous speech are different, phoneme spectra and durations change considerably. An HMM consists of several states and arcs. Each arc has output probabilities for each VQ code. In order to cope with the spectral changes, the output probabilities are smoothed with the probabilities of their spectral neighbor codes. In order to cope with the duration changes, HMM state duration parameters are shifted according to a second-order duration calibration curve. The calibration curve is obtained from a speaking rate ratio of continuous speech to isolated words. The word detection rate for 8 key words in 25 sentences uttered by one speaker was 98.4%. Accurate word spotting is accomplished using the HMM output probability smoothing technique and the state duration control mechanism taking the speaking rate into account.
Effectiveness of Various Hospital-Based Solutions Against Community- Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (2013)

Periprosthetic infections with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) can be particularly burdensome and difficult to eradicate. One of the measures that infection control officers have emphasized in our hospitals has been the use of various hand sanitizers throughout the hospital. Our objective was to determine the level of growth inhibition of common hand sanitizers and surgical scrub solutions that are used to prevent the spread of community-acquired strains of MRSA. Various hospital and surgical agents (n = 13) were applied to community-acquired MRSA bacteria that had been cultured on agar plates. These different commercially available solutions were incubated for 48 h, and the plates were assessed to determine the level of growth inhibition (0, 25, 75, or 100%). The negative control was a test in which no agent was added to the MRSA culture, while a positive control tested 100% alcohol. Eight of the solutions tested had 100% growth inhibition, four solutions had partial growth inhibition effects, and one solution did not inhibit MRSA. Of the solutions with alcohol, the 62% solution did not kill MRSA, while the 80% solution only inhibited MRSA. Both the 95 and 100% alcohol solutions had 100% growth inhibition. Of the two surgical scrub solutions, only the one with iodine had 100% growth inhibition, whereas the solution with chloroxylenol (PCMX 3%) had only partial growth inhibition. This study suggests that the solutions with high levels of alcohol, chlorhexidine, or iodine appear to better kill MRSA and might best be used to prevent the spread of community-acquired MRSA in both the hospital and the surgical environment.
Balancing diversity and tolerance (2005)

The autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is caused by a failure of B cell tolerance. Recent studies in mouse models of SLE have identified several distinct tolerance checkpoints that must each function appropriately to protect against disease. However, studies of B cell repertoire selection in humans are essential to understand which checkpoints are defective in human autoimmune diseases.
Speechreading supplemented with auditorily presented speech parameters (1986)

Results are reported from two experiments in which the benefit of supplementing speechreading with auditorily presented information about the speech signal was investigated. In experiment I, speechreading was supplemented with information about the prosody of the speech signal. For ten normal-hearing subjects with no experience in speechreading, the intelligibility score for sentences increased significantly when speechreading was supplemented with information about the overall amplitude of the speech signal, information about the fundamental frequency, or both. Binary information about voicing appeared not to be a significant supplement. In experiment II, the best-scoring supplements of experiment I were compared with two supplementary signals from our previous studies, i.e., information about the sound-pressure levels in two 1-oct filter bands centered at 500 and 3160 Hz, or information about the frequencies of the first and second formants from voiced speech segments. Sentence-intelligibility scores were measured for 24 normal-hearing subjects with no experience in speechreading, and for 12 normal-hearing experienced speechreaders. For the inexperienced speechreaders, the sound-pressure levels appeared to be the best supplement (87.1% correct syllables). For the experienced speechreaders, the formant-frequency information (88.6% correct), and the fundamental-frequency plus amplitude information (86.0% correct), were equally efficient supplements as the sound-pressure information (86.1% correct). Discrimination of phonemes (both consonants and vowels) was measured for the group of 24 inexperienced speechreaders. Percentage correct responses, confusion among phonemes, and the percentage of transmitted information about different types of manner and place of articulation and about the feature voicing are presented.
Using Electric Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) for the Measurement of Concentration Profiles Within a Binary Mixture (2004)

This paper describes the development of a Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer (ESPI) for measurement of full field two-dimensional concentration gradients as one fluid diffuses into another. The construction and performance of the system is discussed with specific emphasis on developing the interferometer for investigating the mass transfer from a surface into a moving fluid. The system uses a Mach-Zehnder interferometer with a commercially available CCD camera for image acquisition. A phase-shifting algorithm is employed to give full field measurements. Theory pertaining to the optical process involved in these methods is presented with emphasis on optimising the optics by comparison to experimental data. The calculation of the Gladstone-Dale constant for each constituent within a binary mixture is necessary for qualitative measurements and is discussed.
Thermal Managements for Highly Efficient SHG with Linear Input/Output Characteristics Using Periodically Poled Stoichiometric LiTaO<inf>3</inf> (2007)

We demonstrate increased SHG efficiency in periodically-poled near-stoichiometric LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> for 532nm emission at high power density (> 1 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) by compensating temperature nonuniformity along the beam propagation using two-zone temperature control.
IIR filters using stochastic arithmetic (2014)

We consider the design of IIR filters operating on oversampled sigma-delta modulated bit streams using stochastic arithmetic. Conventional digital filters process multi-bit data at the Nyquist rate using multi-bit multipliers and adders. High resolution ADCs based on the sigma-delta modulation generate random bits at an oversampled rate as intermediate data. We propose to filter the sigma-delta modulated bit streams directly and present first and second order low pass IIR filters based on the stochastic integrator. Experimental results show a significant reduction in hardware area by using stochastic filters.
Ventricular noncompaction in a female patient with nephropathic cystinosis: a case report (2009)

This is, as far as we know, the first case report of the co-existence of nephropathic cystinosis and isolated noncompaction of the left ventricle. It highlights the importance of being vigilant to the diagnosis of left ventricular noncompaction.
Pathological Features and Genomic Characterization of an Actinobacillus equuli subsp. equuli Bearing Unique Virulence-Associated Genes from an Adult Horse with Pleuropneumonia (2023)

<i>Actinobacillus equuli</i> subsp. <i>equuli</i> is the etiological agent of sleepy foal disease, an acute form of fatal septicemia in newborn foals. <i>A. equuli</i> is commonly found in the mucous membranes of healthy horses' respiratory and alimentary tracts and rarely causes disease in adult horses. In this study, we report a case of a 22-year-old American Paint gelding presenting clinical signs associated with an atypical pattern of pleuropneumonia subjected to necropsy. The gross and histopathological examinations revealed a unilateral fibrinosuppurative and hemorrhagic pleuropneumonia with an infrequent parenchymal distribution and heavy isolation of <i>A. equuli</i>. The whole genome sequence analysis indicated that the isolate shared 95.9% homology with the only other complete genome of <i>A. equuli</i> subsp. <i>equuli</i> available in GenBank. Seven virulence-associated genes specific to the isolate were identified and categorized as iron acquisition proteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and capsule polysaccharides. Moreover, four genes (<i>glf</i>, <i>wbaP</i>, <i>glycosyltransferase family 2 protein</i>, and <i>apxIB</i>) shared higher amino acid similarity with the invasive <i>Actinobacillus</i> spp. than the reference <i>A. equuli</i> subsp. <i>equuli</i> genome. Availability of the whole genome sequence will allow a better characterization of virulence determinants of <i>A. equuli</i> subsp. <i>equuli</i>, which remain largely elusive.
Characterization of trapping in a GaN HEMT by performing isothermal three-stage pulse measurements (2016)

Modern microwave circuit performance is susceptible to dispersion of the characteristics of microwave FETs. This is because the complex signals used in communication systems invoke charge trapping and self-heating mechanisms. These mechanisms are sensitive to bias, temperature, and frequency variations. A major difficulty in characterizing charge trapping in microwave FETs is to differentiate between the self-heating and charge trapping rates. In this paper, the trapping behavior in a GaN HEMT is characterized by performing isothermal three-stage pulse measurements.
Phase Segmentation and Percentage Prediction of Trunk Movement Cycle (2022)

Deep learning-based cyclic human motion prediction is widely used in motor learning and rehabilitation. These prediction algorithms are typically used for offline measurements. However, algorithms designed as tools to improve the efficacy of activity-based motor trainings are still being explored. This paper proposed a novel Encoder-Recurrent-Decoder structured deep neural network. Its goal is to segment the phase and predict the percentage of the cycle of sequential postural trunk movements during sitting. The model's performance was compared to three commonly used deep learning models for human motion prediction using five evaluation metrics. All models were tested in 4320 trials in 45 healthy subjects. The novel Encoder-Recurrent-Decoder model outperformed the competing models. Additionally, it can predict trunk movement cycle percentage within a Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 7% and reach 89% accuracy in trunk phase segmentation. In future studies, the trunk movement prediction outcomes will be used in the design of a high-level controller for a robotic platform to maximize machine-clinician interaction during the delivery of motor interventions.