gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing and Characterization of 3‐D Hydroxyapatite Bone Tissue Engineering Scaffolds (2002)

Internal architecture has a direct impact on the mechanical and biological behaviors of porous hydroxyapatite (HA) implants. However, traditional processing methods provide very minimal control in this regard. This paper reviews a novel processing technique developed in our laboratory for fabricating scaffolds with controlled internal architectures. The preliminary mechanical property and in vivo evaluation of these scaffolds are also presented.
Dichroism-sensitive photoacoustic computed tomography (2018)

Photoacoustic computed tomography (PACT), a fast-developing modality for deep tissue imaging, images the spatial distribution of optical absorption. PACT usually treats the absorption coefficient as a scalar. However, the absorption coefficients of many biological tissues exhibit an anisotropic property, known as dichroism or diattenuation, which depends on molecular conformation and structural alignment. Here we present a novel imaging method called dichroism-sensitive PACT (DS-PACT), which measures both the amplitude of tissue's dichroism and the orientation of the optic axis of uniaxial dichroic tissue. By modulating the polarization of linearly polarized light and measuring the alternating signals through lock-in detection, DS-PACT can boost dichroic signals from biological tissues. To validate the proposed approach, we experimentally demonstrated the performance of DS-PACT by imaging plastic polarizers and ex vivo bovine tendons deep inside scattering media. We successfully detected the orientation of the optic axis of uniaxial dichroic materials, even at a depth of 4.5 transport mean free paths. We anticipate that the proposed method will extend the capability of PACT to imaging tissue absorption anisotropy.
Recent Advances in Phosphorescent Pt(II) Complexes Featuring Metallophilic Interactions: Properties and Applications (2015)

Abstract Supramolecular weak interactions can be used for preparing functional self-assembled architectures by powerful bottom-up approaches. In particular, when closed-shell metallophilic and π–π interactions between adjacent transition-metal complexes are established, profound changes in compounds’ properties are obtained and novel features often achieved. In this Review, the most recent advances in the field of luminescent platinum(II) complexes aggregating through Pt–Pt interactions are highlighted and their potential application in different fields presented and discussed.
Correction methods for random coincidences in fully 3D whole-body PET: impact on data and image quality. (2005)

A 15% improvement in image SNR arises from a 32% increase in the NEC rate. Thus, scan duration can be reduced by 25% while still maintaining a constant total acquired NEC.
Structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of different ZnO bulk and nano-structures (2006)

Structural, optical, and electrical characteristics of different ZnO bulk and nano-structures
The Dramaturgy of Ophelia’s Bouquet (2023)

What does Ophelia carry with her on stage in Act 4, scene 5 of Hamlet? She names a variety of botanicals, but productions have often replaced these with sticks, bones, pills, toys, or nothing at all. These replacements seek to provide modern audiences with more accessible or relatable symbols but can rarely capture the complexity and ambiguity of the originals. On page and stage, Ophelia’s bouquet has become a key to interpreting her in her madness – the meaning ascribed to her plants going hand in hand with the presumed qualities she displays in the scene, from childish innocence to overt sexuality to defiant anger. This essay details a series of staging experiments conducted in a graduate Shakespeare class to investigate the dramaturgical possibilities of Ophelia’s bouquet, asking how these items shape our perception and understanding of Ophelia, her mental state, and place within the play.
The persistent store as an enabling technology for integrated project support environments (1985)

The software engineering community has recognised the need for integrated project support environments (IPSEs) for some time. The technique of integration as a method of cost saving applies to all levels in the hierarchy of problem solving, both hardware and software. This paper discusses one such level, that in which the IPSE is implemented and in particular the use of a persistent store as an enabling technology for IPSEs.The facilities of the language PS-ALGOL necessary to support an IPSE are illustrated by example and it is demonstrated how an IPSE's base may be provided by a persistent store that supports first class procedures as data objects. The need for a type secure object system which allows static and dynamic binding is demonstrated and finally the secure transactional base of PS-ALGOL is shown to be a necessary and sufficient condition to provide secure version control and concurrent access to both programs and data.
All-Dielectric Metamaterials for New Areas of Application (2012)

The properties and novel applications of ceramic all-dielectric metamaterials are described. In particular, meta-materials composed of arrays of identical ceramic resonators are shown to provide for negative refraction and backward wave propagation. It is also demonstrated that arrays of ceramic elements can be used as nonresonant metamaterials to form gradient index media. Employment of such media in antenna substrates is shown to provide antenna miniaturization without deteriorating antenna performance. The development of a microwave transmission cloak composed of identical low-loss ceramic resonators to conceal an object with dimensions far exceeding the wavelength of incident radiation is also presented.
Fate of Antioxidative Compounds within Bark during Storage: A Case of Norway Spruce Logs (2020)

Softwood bark is an important by-product of forest industry. Currently, bark is under-utilized and mainly directed for energy production, although it can be extracted with hot water to obtain compounds for value-added use. In Norway spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> [L.] Karst.) bark, condensed tannins and stilbene glycosides are among the compounds that comprise majority of the antioxidative extractives. For developing feasible production chain for softwood bark extractives, knowledge on raw material quality is critical. This study examined the fate of spruce bark tannins and stilbenes during storage treatment with two seasonal replications (i.e., during winter and summer). In the experiment, mature logs were harvested and stored outside. During six-month-storage periods, samples were periodically collected for chemical analysis from both inner and outer bark layers. Additionally, bark extractives were analyzed for antioxidative activities by FRAP, ORAC, and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> scavenging assays. According to the results, stilbenes rapidly degraded during storage, whereas tannins were more stable: only 5-7% of the original stilbene amount and ca. 30-50% of the original amount of condensed tannins were found after 24-week-storage. Summer conditions led to the faster modification of bark chemistry than winter conditions. Changes in antioxidative activity were less pronounced than those of analyzed chemical compounds, indicating that the derivatives of the compounds contribute to the antioxidative activity. The results of the assays showed that, on average, ca. 27% of the original antioxidative capacity remained 24 weeks after the onset of the storage treatment, while a large variation (2-95% of the original capacity remaining) was found between assays, seasons, and bark layers. Inner bark preserved its activities longer than outer bark, and intact bark attached to timber is expected to maintain its activities longer than a debarked one. Thus, to ensure prolonged quality, no debarking before storage is suggested: outer bark protects the inner bark, and debarking enhances the degradation.
Über Sauerstoffradikale, XIII Dehydrierung von Phenanthrolen (1959)

Abstract Die Dehydrierung von 9‐substituierten Phenanthrolen‐(10) gelingt leicht und mit sehr guten Ausbeuten mittels 2.4.6‐Tri‐tert.‐butyl‐phenoxyl‐(1). Für die dabei entstehenden Verbindungen wird die Struktur von einfachen Chinoläthern, die in verdünnter Lösung nicht oder nur zu weniger als 1% in freie Radikale zerfallen, wahrscheinlich gemacht. Die Bedeutung sterischer und mesomerer Effekte für die Existenz von Aroxylen wird am Beispiel der Phenanthren‐Derivate erörtert.
New highly efficient laser bars and laser arrays for 8xx-10xx nm pumping applications (2014)

High-power laser bars and laser arrays are attractive light sources for many industrial applications such as direct material processing or as pump sources for solid state and fiber lasers. There is also a great interest in quasi-CW laser bars for laser ignition and fusion applications. These applications require a continuous improvement of laser diodes for reliable operation at high output powers densities and simultaneously high electrical-to-optical efficiencies. JENOPTIK presents an overview of recent progress in the development of highly efficient CW and quasi-CW laser devices emitting in a wide wavelength range between 880 nm and 1020 nm. Laser arrays emitting in the wavelength range 915 nm to 976 nm exhibit very high efficiencies above 65%. Our technology of new generation 940 nm high fill-factor bars has been currently extended to emission wavelength of 1020 nm with excellent results: 200 W output power with 63% efficiency using passively cooled heatsinks. Additionally, performances of high brightness low fill-factor laser bars with resonator lengths of 4 mm are shown. The innovative design of the laser structure enables, moreover, the realization of 500 W - 880 nm quasi-CW laser bars with wall-plug efficiencies of 55% and a narrow fast-axis divergence angle of 40° (95% power content).
GPR180 is a component of TGFβ signalling that promotes thermogenic adipocyte function and mediates the metabolic effects of the adipocyte-secreted factor CTHRC1 (2021)

Activation of thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes is considered as a strategy to improve metabolic control. Here, we identify GPR180 as a receptor regulating brown and beige adipocyte function and whole-body glucose homeostasis, whose expression in humans is associated with improved metabolic control. We demonstrate that GPR180 is not a GPCR but a component of the TGFβ signalling pathway and regulates the activity of the TGFβ receptor complex through SMAD3 phosphorylation. In addition, using genetic and pharmacological tools, we provide evidence that GPR180 is required to manifest Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) action to regulate brown and beige adipocyte activity and glucose homeostasis. In this work, we show that CTHRC1/GPR180 signalling integrates into the TGFβ signalling as an alternative axis to fine-tune and achieve low-grade activation of the pathway to prevent pathophysiological response while contributing to control of glucose and energy metabolism.
Computing scores in a complete search system (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
Multipass acoustically open photoacoustic detector for trace gas measurements (2006)

What we believe to be a novel multipass, acoustically open photoacoustic detector designed for fast-response, high-sensitivity detection of trace gases and pollutants in the atmosphere is demonstrated. The acoustic pulses generated by the absorption of the light pulses of a tunable optical parametric oscillator by target molecules are detected by an ultrasonic sensor at 40 kHz. The photoacoustic signal is enhanced by an optical multipass arrangement and by concentration of the acoustic energy to the surface of the ultrasonic sensor. The detection sensitivity, estimated from CO2 measurements around a 2 microm wavelength, is approximately 3.3 x 10(-9) W cm(-1).
Synthesis of imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazine ribosides and related compounds of biological interest. (1989)

Several tri-O -acetyl-1-beta-D -ribofuranosyl- and 2-acetoxyethoxymethylimidazo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazine derivatives 5-10 were synthesized from imidazo[4,5-d][1,3]thiazine 4 and tetra-O -acetyl-beta-D -ribofuranose or 2-acetoxyethoxymethyl acetate by fusion method. In each case, depending on the substituent on position 5 of thiazine skeleton, only N3 isomer or both N1 and N3 isomers (in different ratios) were obtained.
R.L.Puurunen ECS AiMES 2018 Invited Talk G02-0987 Learnings from an Open Science effort: Virtual Project on the History of ALD (2018)

Slides of an oral presentation on October 1, 2018, related to ECS transactions article http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/08606.0003ecst.
A practical synthesis of 5‐(chloromethyl)furo[2,3‐b]pyridine, a key intermediate for the HIV protease inhibitor, L‐754,394 (1995)

Abstract A practical synthesis of 5‐(chloromethyl)furo[2,3‐ b ]pyridine ( 10 ), the side chain used to incorporate a key pharmacophore of the HIV protease inhibitor, L‐754,394, is described. The synthesis was accomplished in ten steps and in 15% overall yield from commercially available methyl 2‐furoate.
A single extracellular amino acid in Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 defines antagonist species selectivity and G protein selection bias (2017)

Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 is a GPCR activated by short chain fatty acids produced in high levels in the lower gut by microbial fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrates. A major challenge in studying this receptor is that the mouse ortholog does not have significant affinity for antagonists that are able to block the human receptor. Docking of exemplar antagonists from two chemical series to homology models of both human and mouse Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 suggested that a single lysine - arginine variation at the extracellular face of the receptor might provide the basis for antagonist selectivity and mutational swap studies confirmed this hypothesis. Extending these studies to agonist function indicated that although the lysine - arginine variation between human and mouse orthologs had limited effect on G protein-mediated signal transduction, removal of positive charge from this residue produced a signalling-biased variant of Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 in which G<sub>i</sub>-mediated signalling by both short chain fatty acids and synthetic agonists was maintained whilst there was marked loss of agonist potency for signalling via G<sub>q/11</sub> and G<sub>12/13</sub> G proteins. A single residue at the extracellular face of the receptor thus plays key roles in both agonist and antagonist function.
Wow defect reduction based on interpolation techniques (2006)

Abstract. In this paper the capacity of non-uniform sampling rate conversion techniques, involving different interpolation methods, aimed at wow defect reduction, is examined. Involved are: linear interpolation, four polynomial-based interpolation methods and the windowed sinc-based method. The examined polynomial methods are: Lagrange interpolation, polynomial fitting with additional noise reduction, Hermitan and Spline. The performance of an artificially distorted audio signal, restored using non-uniform resampling, is evaluated on the basis of standard audio defect measurement criteria and compared for all of the aforementioned interpolation methods. The chosen defect descriptors are: total harmonic distortion, total harmonic distortion plus noise and signal to noise ratio.
A Transformer-Combined 31.5 dBm Outphasing Power Amplifier in 45 nm LP CMOS With Dynamic Power Control for Back-Off Power Efficiency Enhancement (2012)

A transformer-combined fully integrated outphasing class-D PA in 45 nm LP CMOS achieves 31.5 dBm peak output power at 2.4 GHz with 27% peak PAE, and supports over 86 dB of output power range. The PA employs dynamic power control (DPC) whereby sections of the PA are turned on or off dynamically according to the instantaneous signal amplitude to reduce power dissipation, especially at back-off. Dynamic on-off switching introduces transients on the power supply that can limit performance. The paper proposes and demonstrates techniques to reduce the impact of such transients. A multi-section slab inductor based transformer combiner is used to allow individual switching of unit PAs. The PA delivers 24.8 dBm average power while meeting 64-QAM WLAN requirements. PAE is 16% when using DPC, which represents a 33% efficiency enhancement compared to the DPC-disabled mode. At lower average power of 20.5 dBm, DPC enables a 140% enhancement in average efficiency, hence increasing battery life.
8.4 Post-silicon voltage-guard-band reduction in a 22nm graphics execution core using adaptive voltage scaling and dynamic power gating (2016)

A graphics execution core in 22nm combines SRAM array-assist circuits to lower intrinsic VMIN, retention flops to reduce leakage power during stall periods, and a fully integrated hybrid digital LDO/SCVR regulator to provide a cost-effective means to realize autonomous DVFS under a shared-rail scenario [1-2]. In a conventional design, a conservative voltage guard band (VGB) is added to the nominal supply of each die to guarantee its correct operation at target frequency in the presence of worst-case delay degradation induced by inverse-temperature dependency (ITD) [3], device aging, and voltage droop. This VGB is determined from post-silicon characterization as the voltage shift needed by the worst-case die, assuming extreme aging usage conditions, while running a power virus load. In this paper, we present a graphics execution core that uses an in-situ tunable replica circuit (TRC) [4-5] to monitor critical timing margin and trigger adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) as needed to dynamically adjust VCC during run time (Fig. 8.4.1). The TRC monitors slow variations in temperature and aging and provides a time-to-digital converter (TDC) code, representing the timing margin measurement, to the AVS controller. Based on the TDC code, the AVS controller communicates a new voltage ID (VID) to the external voltage regulator module (VRM) to maintain minimum VCC necessary to meet a given performance level.
Effect of Cr on Lamellar Spacing and High-Temperature Stability in Eutectoid Steels (2016)

In order to clarify the refinement behavior of the lamellar spacing and high temperature stability of the lamellae in pearlite by the addition of Cr, the effects of supercooling, the diffusion coefficients of C and Cr and spheroidizing of cementite were investigating using Fe-0.8%C binary and Fe-0.8%C-Cr ternary steels.The equilibrium transformation temperature of pearlite was increased by the addition of Cr. In comparison with the Fe-0.8%C steel, at a fixed pearlite transformation temperature, the pearlite lamellar spacing of the Cr-added steel was refined by increasing supercooling, and at the same supercooling, the lamellar spacing was refined by increasing the Cr content. This is caused by a decrease of the diffusion coefficient of C in the austenite by addition of Cr.Spheroidizing of cementite in pearlite at high temperature was inhibited by increasing the Cr content. The spheroidizing rate was reduced by the addition of Cr. Spheroidizing of cementite in pearlite by increasing the Cr content was inhibited due to the increased contribution of Cr diffusion for the coarsening reaction of cementite.
New BARC materials for the 65-nm node in 193-nm lithography (2004)

New fast-etching bottom anti-reflective coatings have been prepared at Brewer Science, Inc., for 193-nm lithography. These materials, EXP03087B and EXP03066, were targeted for first and second reflectivity minima thickness, respectively. The optical constants (n and k) of these materials were 1.70 and 0.50, respectively, for EXP03087B and 1.71 and 0.31, respectively, for EXP03066. After thermosetting, these materials were immiscible with photoresists and were not affected by base developer. Profiles utilizing these BARCs with JSR's AR1221J photoresist have shown 90-nm (l:l line space) dense lines and 100-nm lines with FFA’s GAR8105G1 resist.
Effects of Ion Etching and Annealing in O2 Atmosphere Following Ion Etching on Properties and Chemistry of Sr0.9Bi2.1Ta2O9+a Thin Films (1999)

The effects of ion etching and effects of annealing in an O 2 atmosphere for 60 min at 800°C following ion etching (reannealing) on the properties of Sr 0.9 Bi 2.1 Ta 2 O 9+ a (SBT) thin films for ferroelectric memory were studied. The leakage current increased by six orders of magnitude following Ar-ion etching, and it caused a bulging out of the hysteresis loop. Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) results showed no significant change following the ion etching, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) detected a large decrease in the Bi concentration and increase in the metallic Bi to oxidic Bi ratio. Following reannealing, the electrical properties and surface compositions were restored. Thus, the electrical properties were significantly affected by the presence of metallic Bi together with a large composition deviation in the surface region. It was concluded that ion etching of the SBT thin films causes a reduction of oxidic Bi to metallic Bi and a decrease in the total Bi concentration in the surface region resulting in a high leakage current density, whereas annealing in an O 2 atmosphere is effective for restoring the initial low leakage current density.
EXCITATION OF CHLOROPLASTS IN Euglena gracilis IN THE ABSENCE OF LIGHT (1988)

Abstract— Challenging Euglena gracilis —a unicellular microorganism that contains chloroplasts—with phenylacetaldehyde induces malondialdehyde formation, sustained red emission and Hill activity. In chloroplasts, phenylacetaldehyde appears to undergo peroxidase catalyzed oxidation to formic acid and triplet benzaldehyde; the latter or, less likely, a precursor thereof promotes lipid peroxidation. Triplet benzaldehyde and/or the excited species formed in lipid peroxidation transfer energy to the chlorophylls. This explanation also applies to spinach chloroplasts preparations, thus accounting for the previous unexplained observation that phenylacetaldehyde induced sustained red emission and Hill activity. A homogeneous picture is now available regarding the intracellular generation of excited states and concomitant excitation of built‐in structures.
(Invited) Directions of High Energy Batteries and Status of Battery500 Consortium (2020)

The success in the development and commercialization of Li-ion batteries has transformation the modern society. Currently there have been intense efforts to further improve battery performances and reduce the cost with many different materials and battery concepts. Based on careful analysis of commercially available advanced electrode materials and state-of-art cell manufacturing processes, we have identified the most feasible pathways for developing high energy batteries with a specific energy much higher than 300 Wh kg−1 using Li metal anode and high capacity metal oxides or sulfur cathode materials. This talk will highlight our analysis, the strategy, and current understanding of the scientific and technological challenges, and discuss recent progresses and directions based on a high-energy cell level design, fabrication, characterization and testing. This talk will also discuss the fundamental mechanisms for premature cell failure, and present recent results for achieving long cycle life.