gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote Monitoring for the Wearable Artificial Kidney (2011)

Recent technological advances have led to the construction of a truly wearable artificial kidney (WAK). This device offers the promise of regulation of volume status and provision of adequate solute clearances, while at the same time allowing its user to receive continuous therapy while going on with the normal activities of daily life. An important component of such a therapy is the ability to remotely monitor the treatment. This remote monitoring allows assurance of patient safety through surveillance of critical portions of the treatment as well as the ability to monitor compliance with prescribed therapy and automated collection of treatment data. Recent advances in telemedicine, telemonitoring, remote network access and sensor technologies have made such remote monitoring of the WAK feasible. Furthermore, experience with remote monitoring for nocturnal hemodialysis, which shares some similarities with the needs of the WAK for monitoring, can guide implementation of such a system.
Full Brain and Lung Prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 by Intranasal Lentiviral Vaccination in a New hACE2 Transgenic Mouse Model or Golden Hamsters (2021)

Summary Non-integrative, non-cytopathic and non-inflammatory lentiviral vectors are particularly suitable for mucosal vaccination and recently emerge as a promising strategy to elicit sterilizing prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 in preclinical animal models. Here, we demonstrate that a single intranasal administration of a lentiviral vector encoding a prefusion form of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein induces full protection of respiratory tracts and totally avoids pulmonary inflammation in the susceptible hamster model. More importantly, we generated a new transgenic mouse strain, expressing the human Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2, with unprecedent brain permissibility to SARS-CoV-2 replication and developing a lethal disease in &lt;4 days post infection. Even though the neurotropism of SARS-CoV-2 is now well established, so far other vaccine strategies under development have not taken into the account the protection of central nervous system. Using our highly stringent transgenic model, we demonstrated that an intranasal booster immunization with the developed lentiviral vaccine candidate achieves full protection of both respiratory tracts and brain against SARS-CoV-2.
Utilizing confocal laser endomicroscopy for evaluating the adequacy of laparoscopic liver ablation (2015)

Laparoscopic, dual wavelength CLE imaging using two different fluorophores enables clinically useful visualization of multiple liver tissue compartments, in greater detail than is possible at a single wavelength. CLE imaging may provide valuable intraoperative information on the extent of laparoscopic liver ablation.
Large-scale ligand-based predictive modelling using support vector machines (2016)

The increasing size of datasets in drug discovery makes it challenging to build robust and accurate predictive models within a reasonable amount of time. In order to investigate the effect of dataset sizes on predictive performance and modelling time, ligand-based regression models were trained on open datasets of varying sizes of up to 1.2 million chemical structures. For modelling, two implementations of support vector machines (SVM) were used. Chemical structures were described by the signatures molecular descriptor. Results showed that for the larger datasets, the LIBLINEAR SVM implementation performed on par with the well-established libsvm with a radial basis function kernel, but with dramatically less time for model building even on modest computer resources. Using a non-linear kernel proved to be infeasible for large data sizes, even with substantial computational resources on a computer cluster. To deploy the resulting models, we extended the Bioclipse decision support framework to support models from LIBLINEAR and made our models of logD and solubility available from within Bioclipse.
The dependence of GaN HEMT's frequency figure of merit on temperature (2009)

This study presents extensive thermal characterization of GaN/SiC devices from five US sources across temperature (-25degC to +125degC). The changes with temperature for: cutoff frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ), maximum oscillation frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> ), saturated current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dss</sub> ), transconductance (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) are measured, statistics studied, and correlations investigated. Temperature-coefficients are established for f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dss</sub> , and g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> in GaN technology. The results obtained provide MMIC designers with key information required for meeting temperature specifications.
Stimulated Brillouin processes in crystals and glasses (1992)

The basic physics and material properties needed to describe and predict the Brillouin gain for a variety of materials have been investigated. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) has identified transverse stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) as an important limiting mechanism in high power laser fusion systems. At sufficiently high laser intensities, SBS drives acoustic vibrations that can damage optical components. SRI has performed measurements and developed the corresponding theory for stimulated Brillouin gain spectroscopy in anisotropic crystals. Absolute Brillouin steady-state gain coefficients, linewidths, and frequency shifts have been determined at 532 nm for a number of optical materials of interest to LLNL. This knowledge can be used to select optical materials and devise suppression schemes that will allow much higher laser fluences to be used in laser fusion.
Robust static and moving object detection via multi-scale attentional mechanisms (2013)

Real-time detection of objects in video sequences captured from an aerial platforms is a key task for surveillance applications. It is common to perform expensive frame to frame registration as preprocessing to moving object detection in this type of application, and there is no principled approach to the detection of stationary targets.We explore the Spectral Residual algorithm,<sup>6</sup> a fast linearithmic run time saliency model which requires no training and has no temporal dependencies, and is capable of detecting proto-objects in a single image. In this paper we describe methods for enhancing the Spectral Residual saliency algorithm to generate candidate object detections from video sequences captured from moving platforms. These object candidates can then be passed to a classification module for further processing. We describe a method that makes the Spectral Residual algorithm more robust to natural variances in color images, and a pyramidal approach to make the processes more robust to objects of varying size. Furthermore we describe a technique for processing the resulting saliency map into a set of tight bounding boxes suitable for extracting image regions for classification. These methods result in a system that is fast, robust, and efficient with reliable performance for low SWaP surveillance platforms.
Synthesis of (R)‐3‐(tert‐Butoxycarbonylamino)‐4‐(2,4,5‐trifluorophenyl)butanoic Acid, a Key Intermediate, and the Formal Synthesis of Sitagliptin Phosphate (2020)

An alternate formal synthesis of Sitagliptin phosphate is disclosed from 2,4,5-trifluorobenzadehyde in 8 linear steps with an overall yield of 31%. The chiral β-amino acid moiety present in sitaglitpin is installed via an asymmetric hydrogenation followed by a stereoselective Hofmann rearrangement as the key steps. The key chiral intermediate Boc-amino acid 1 prepared by this novel route was further converted to Sitagliptin phosphate following the known literature protocol.
Large Molecular Hyperpolarizabilities in “Push−Pull” Porphyrins. Molecular Planarity and Auxiliary Donor−Acceptor Effects (1998)

Linear optical and SHG coefficients of a number of “push−pull” porphyrins are analyzed using the semiempirical INDO/S Hamiltonian and singles-only CI. The NLO response properties are computed at a nonresonant excitation energy of 0.1 eV using the correction vector formalism, and the calculations are carried out in both ideal planar and SYBYL force-field optimized geometries. The results strongly suggest that large NLO responses may be obtained by (1) minimizing the dihedral twist of phenyl substituents with respect to the porphyrin plane, (2) replacing the homoaromatic phenyl rings in tetraphenylporphyrins by electron excessive or deficient heteroaromatic rings such as pyrrole or tetrazine, (3) exploiting the electron-excessive and -deficient sites of the porphyrin π-electron bridge itself. Thus, functionalizing the electron excessive β position with donor substituents and electron-deficient meso position with acceptor substituents leads to enhanced NLO response properties. The enhancement in the NLO response properties is modest in chromophores containing spacer groups which reduce the dihedral twist angles. This is attributed to the diminished inductive effect of the electron excessivity/deficiency of the porphyrin rings due to the intervening spacer and phenyl moieties.
Femtosecond laser direct inscription of mid-IR transmitting waveguides in BGG glasses (Conference Presentation) (2018)

The investigation of the photo-inscription of waveguides in Barium Gallo-Germanate glass (BGG: BaO, GeO2, Ga2O3) is presented. This type of glass has been chosen because of its robustness, its chemical stability and its transmission throughout the whole visible region up to 5 µm. Irradiation with a focused femtosecond laser pulse train of different BGG samples leads to relatively high positive refractive index changes over a wide range of exposure conditions. Waveguides with a controllable diameter ranging from 4 to 35 µm and index change up to 10-2 were inscribed. A glass sample with custom molecular composition, adding a halogen component to remove hydroxyl ions and reduce the absorption band near 3 µm, was fabricated. Inscription of low-loss waveguides was performed, supporting only two transverse modes at the wavelength of 2.78 µm, and matching well with single-mode fluoro-zirconate fibres at this wavelength. An upper bound for the propagation losses of 0.5±0.1 dB/cm was determined along the waveguides, mainly due to absorption of hydroxyl ions in the glass, which can further be reduced by improving the purification process. The results presented show the great potential of the BGG glass family for the fabrication of core waveguides operating in the 2-5 µm spectral range and open a pathway towards the integration of mid-IR photonic devices based on BGG glasses.
Supplementary Methods, Results and Figure Legends from Antibody-Based Profiling of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway in Clinical Prostate Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Results and Figure Legends from Antibody-Based Profiling of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway in Clinical Prostate Cancer
High prevalence of multidrug resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolated from outpatient urine samples but not the hospital environment in Bo, Sierra Leone (2016)

The surprisingly high proportion of C. freundii found in urine of patients with suspected UTI supports earlier findings of the growing role of this pathogen in UTIs in low-resource countries. The isolates of all analyzed species showed worryingly high levels of resistance to both first- and second-line antibiotics as well as a high frequency of MDR and ESBL phenotypes, which likely resulted from the lack of consistent antibiotic stewardship policies in Sierra Leone. Analysis of hospital environmental isolates however suggested that fomites in this naturally ventilated hospital were not a major reservoir for Enterobacteriaceae or antibiotic resistance determinants.
ALBORZ: Address Level Bus Power Optimization (2003)

In this paper we introduce a new low power address bus encoding technique, and the resulting code, named ALBORZ. The ALBORZ code is constructed based on transition signaling the limited-weight codes and, with enhancements to make it adaptive and irredundant, results in up to 89% reduction in the instruction bus switching activity, at the expense of a small area overhead.
Joint predistortion and PAPR reduction in multibeam satellite systems (2016)

Precoding for multibeam satellites with aggressive frequency reuse has attracted interest of late towards enhancing system capacity. Most of the works on precoding mitigate the linear co-channel interference between the beams caused by frequency reuse. However, the high power amplifier (HPA), an integral part of the satellite payload, is inherently non linear. Non-linear amplification combined with the linear co-channel interference introduces non-linear co-channel distortions at the receiver. Further, signals with very high peak to average power ratios (PAPR), typical of spectrally efficient modulations, are sensitive to the non-linear characteristic of the HPA and necessitate large back-off to have manageable distortion levels. In this work, a novel architecture comprising multistream Crest Factor Reduction (signal pre-clipping) and Signal Predistortion (SPD) in cascade, is devised to counter the non-linearities and co-channel interference in multibeam satellite systems. An iterative algorithm to optimize the parameters of the signal clipping and predistortion is devised taking recourse to analytical derivations. The proposed joint estimation paradigm is shown to compare favorably with state-of-art and provides a framework to combine predistortion and precoding.
<title>Packaging and characterization of micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems</title> (2004)

Modern optical analytics require more and more compact and cost-effective modules for analysis of surfaces, solids, thin films, powders, pastes, gels, liquids and alike. Thereby a fast and non-invasive measurement is often necessary. Microsystem technology, more precisely Micro-Opto-Electro-Mechanical System (MOEMS) technology is suitable for the realization of such modules. Different miniaturized optical analyzers employing MOEMS have been developed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Reliability and Microintegration (IZM) in collaboration with the Center for Microtechnologies (ZfM) and the company COLOUR CONTROL Farbmesstechnik GmbH. These devices are based on the principle of spectral sensing in the infrared range. Due to the requirement of compact dimensions and short optical paths a high packaging accuracy is necessary. In the development process different setups with a continuous packaging improvement have been realized. The first packaging principle was based on particularly assembled laser-cut stainless steel sheets and optical standard components. The design requires exact positioning of the functional elements to attain a sufficient optical resolution. The reduction of the active components by means of monolithic combinations was one improvement. Further progress could be achieved by a package made of aluminum cast, whose models were provided using modern methods of rapid prototyping. Consequently adjustment tolerances will be minimized and the vibration stability will be increased. During the development process, simulations and characterization of the system are essential to obtain necessary improvements. Thereby an evaluation of the packaging accuracy regarding its influence on the defocus was made. According to precision and reproducibility, the optical and electrical performance are being tested.
Ultrashort free-carrier lifetime in low-loss silicon nanowaveguides (2010)

We demonstrate reduction of the free-carrier lifetime in a silicon nanowaveguide from 3 ns to 12.2 ps by applying a reverse bias across an integrated p-i-n diode. This observation represents the shortest free-carrier lifetime demonstrated to date in silicon waveguides. Importantly, the presence of the p-i-n structure does not measurably increase the propagation loss of the waveguide. We derive a figure of merit demonstrating equal dependency of the nonlinear phase shift on free-carrier lifetime and linear propagation loss.
Adaptive critic designs and their applications (1997)

This dissertation develops a methodology of adaptive critic designs (ACDs). It is a synthetic development generalizing various previous results in the area of adaptive critics for over twenty years. In the past, ACDs have been primarily used in domains of Markov chains. A methodology developed in this study extends ACDs to Markov sequences.
ACDs are studied in a framework of model reference adaptive control using neural networks. ACD consists of several interacting modules called critic network, action network (controller), identification ne:work, plant (environment), and reference model. Critic, the essential module of ACD, is adapted to evaluate how well action network controls the environment. Action network is trained to optimize outputs of the critic.
There are two main ACDs. One is called an evaluation function ACD, another is a derivative ACD. These differ by the kind of output critic produces. A preferable way of training critic network is established, which is the same for both types of ACDs.
Little attention has been devoted to finding an appropriate quality gauge for critic-based derivatives. A new enabling vision resulted from this study is in recognizing close similarity between derivatives of a form of backpropagation through time and derivatives provided by critics. Moreover, both types of derivatives are proven to be related in a certain way for the case of linear quadratic regulation. This vision helped to clarify several important issues that have remained obscure prior to this study: (1) when to use action dependent derivative critics, (2) how to treat unobservable states, and (3) when to connect a reference model to the critic. In addition, general training procedure applicable to any ACD is proposed and analyzed. It includes a family of new training procedures for derivative ACDs and their hybrids with backpropagation through time.
A new critic-based method of verifying stability of unforced motion is proposed and tested.
All main results and conclusions are verified in several experiments (mostly, computer simulations). Another new feature of this study is an extensive use of a powerful node decoupled extended Kalman filter algorithm for ACD training.
Bayesian Spatial Binary Regression for Label Fusion in Structural Neuroimaging (2021)

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition that accelerates cognitive decline relative to normal aging. It is of critical scientific importance to gain a better understanding of early disease mechanisms in the brain to facilitate effective, targeted therapies. The volume of the hippocampus is often used in diagnosis and monitoring of the disease. Measuring this volume via neuroimaging is difficult since each hippocampus must either be manually identified or automatically delineated, a task referred to as segmentation. Automatic hippocampal segmentation often involves mapping a previously manually segmented image to a new brain image and propagating the labels to obtain an estimate of where each hippocampus is located in the new image. A more recent approach to this problem is to propagate labels from multiple manually segmented atlases and combine the results using a process known as label fusion. To date, most label fusion algorithms employ voting procedures with voting weights assigned directly or estimated via optimization. We propose using a fully Bayesian spatial regression model for label fusion that facilitates direct incorporation of covariate information while making accessible the entire posterior distribution. Our results suggest that incorporating tissue classification (e.g, gray matter) into the label fusion procedure can greatly improve segmentation when relatively homogeneous, healthy brains are used as atlases for diseased brains. The fully Bayesian approach also produces meaningful uncertainty measures about hippocampal volumes, information which can be leveraged to detect significant, scientifically meaningful differences between healthy and diseased populations, improving the potential for early detection and tracking of the disease.
Non-premixed Hydrogen Flame Structure in Supersonic Coflowing Air Flows (2002)

Experiments have been performed to investigate the structure of axisymmetric hydrogen diffusion flame in a supersonic coflow air. The characteristics and structure of supersonic flames are compared with those of subsonic flames as the velocity of coflow air increases from subsonic to supersonic velocity of Mach 1.8. Also, the subsonic and supersonic flow fields are analyzed numerically for the non-reacting conditions and the possible flame contours indicated by fuel mass fraction are compared with the measured OH radical distributions. It is found that the flame structure indicates more like a partially premixed flame as the coflow air velocity is increased from subsonic to supersonic regimes; strong reaction zone indicated by intense OH signal is found at the center, which is different from subsonic flame cases. And it is shown that the fuel jet passes along the recirculation zones behind the bluff-body fuel nozzle resulting in relatively long mixing time. This is believed to be the reason of the partially premixed flame characteristics found in the present supersonic flames.
1H‐NMR studies on poly(oxyethylene)‐bound oligopeptides (1983)

Abstract Conformational studies on poly(oxyethylene)‐bound homo‐, oligo‐, guest‐host, and sequential peptides synthesized according to the liquid‐phase method were carried out by means of 1 H‐nmr spectroscopy. The solubilizing effect of the C‐terminal polymeric support allowed a thorough investigation of the secondary structure in solution.
Severe Hepatocellular Injury With Apoptosis Induced by a Hepatitis C Polymerase Inhibitor (2009)

HCV-796 may cause severe hepatocellular injury and apoptosis, with a marked immune reaction in susceptible patients.
Ergodic Energy Management Leveraging Resource Variability in Distribution Grids (2016)

Contemporary electricity distribution systems are being challenged by the variability of renewable energy sources. Slow response times and long energy management periods cannot efficiently integrate intermittent renewable generation and demand. Yet stochasticity can be judiciously coupled with system flexibilities to enhance grid operation efficiency. Voltage magnitudes for instance can transiently exceed regulation limits, while smart inverters can be overloaded over short time intervals. To implement such a mode of operation, an ergodic energy management framework is developed here. Considering a distribution grid with distributed energy sources and a feed-in tariff program, active power curtailment and reactive power compensation are formulated as a stochastic optimization problem. Tighter operational constraints are enforced in an average sense, while looser margins are enforced to be satisfied at all times. Stochastic dual subgradient solvers are developed based on exact and approximate grid models of varying complexity. Numerical tests on a real-world 56-bus distribution grid and the IEEE 123-bus test feeder relying on both grid models corroborate the advantages of the novel schemes over their deterministic alternatives.
Supplementary Movie S6 from Plk1 Inhibitors and Abiraterone Synergistically Disrupt Mitosis and Kill Cancer Cells of Disparate Origin Independently of Androgen Receptor Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Normal mitotic cell division&lt;/p&gt;