gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of Microstructure of Nanoscale Magnetron Sputtered Ru/Al Multilayers on Thermally Induced Phase Formation (2023)

In this study, we report on phase formation and microstructure evolution in multiscale magnetron sputtered Ru/Al multilayers upon thermal annealing in vacuum at slow heating rates of 10 K/min. By specifically adjusting the microstructure and design of the as-deposited multilayers, the formation of certain desired phases can be tuned. We demonstrate that the synthesis of single phase RuAl thin films is possible in a very controlled manner in a solid state only via thermal activation without initiating the self-propagating exothermic reactions of Ru/Al multilayers. To investigate phase formation sequences and the resulting microstructures, Ru/Al multilayers were designed via magnetron sputtering with systematic variation of bilayer modulation periods and subsequent vacuum annealing. Thin films samples were characterized by in situ high-temperature XRD, TEM imaging and diffraction. It is shown that different phase sequences appear in strong correlation with the modulation length. Depending on the multilayer design, the phase formation toward single-phase RuAl thin films happens as either a multi-step or single-step event. In particular, below a critical threshold of the modulation period, the multi-step phase formation can be suppressed, and only the desired RuAl target phase is obtained with a pronounced growth in a preferred orientation. This finding may be versatile for the targeted synthesis of intermetallic phases, contributing to further understanding of phase formation in such nanoscale multilayer systems.
Tetramethoxy Hydroxyflavone p7F Downregulates Inflammatory Mediators via the Inhibition of Nuclear Factor κB (2004)

Artemisia has been traditionally used in Korean herbal medicine to clear damp heat and to treat uteritis and jaundice. Flavonoids isolated from Artemisia are also known to possess anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, 5,6,3',5'-tetramethoxy 7,4'-hydroxyflavone (p7F) was isolated from Artemisia absinthium. We examined in vitro and in vivo regulatory functions of p7F on the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) as well as the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and collagen-induced arthritis. p7F inhibited the expression or production of proinflammatory mediators such as COX-2/PGE(2) and iNOS/NO in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. p7F also suppressed the serum level of TNF-alpha in mice treated with collagen and inhibited nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation as well as NF-kappaB promoter activity in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. This compound directly inhibited the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. p7F has antioxidant activity and inhibits NF-kappaB activation. Taken together, these results suggest that p7F can be clinically applied to the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Integration of the Transcriptome and Glycome for Identification of Glycan Cell Signatures (2013)

Abnormalities in glycan biosynthesis have been conclusively linked to many diseases but the complexity of glycosylation has hindered the analysis of glycan data in order to identify glycoforms contributing to disease. To overcome this limitation, we developed a quantitative N-glycosylation model that interprets and integrates mass spectral and transcriptomic data by incorporating key glycosylation enzyme activities. Using the cancer progression model of androgen-dependent to androgen-independent Lymph Node Carcinoma of the Prostate (LNCaP) cells, the N-glycosylation model identified and quantified glycan structural details not typically derived from single-stage mass spectral or gene expression data. Differences between the cell types uncovered include increases in H(II) and Le(y) epitopes, corresponding to greater activity of α2-Fuc-transferase (FUT1) in the androgen-independent cells. The model further elucidated limitations in the two analytical platforms including a defect in the microarray for detecting the GnTV (MGAT5) enzyme. Our results demonstrate the potential of systems glycobiology tools for elucidating key glycan biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. The integration of multiple data sets represents an important application of systems biology for understanding complex cellular processes.
594: Mouse Models for Induction and Imaging of Bladder Neoplasms (2005)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: NF-KB is a transcription factor that induces various cytokines and adhesion proteins. It is also known that NF-KB activates anti-apoptotic proteins and prevents apoptosis induced by TNF-a and anticancer drugs. Therefore, inhibition of NF-KB function might be useful for cancer therapy. Recent in vitro studies have already proved such therapeutic effects of a novel NF-KB inhibitor, dehydroxymethyl derivative of epoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), which acts at the level of nuclear translocation. The objective of this study is to evaluate an in vivo mechanism of inhibitory effect of DHMEQ on human bladder cancer, in which NF-KB is constitutively activated.
Motion Planning of Autonomous Road Vehicles by Particle Filtering: Implementation and Validation (2019)

Autonomous driving in urban and highway scenarios involves a set of predefined requirements that the vehicle should obey, such as lane following, safety distances to surrounding vehicles, and speed preferences. We have previously shown that by interpreting the motion-planning problem as a nonlinear non-Gaussian estimation problem, we can leverage particle filtering to determine suitable vehicle trajectories. In this paper, we validate our proposed motion planner using scaled vehicles. We show that our motion planner is capable of determining safe and drivable trajectories for a number of challenging scenarios, and that the trajectories can be accurately tracked by a lower-level nonlinear model predictive control scheme.
SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY FOR THE TREATMENT OF POSTINFECTIOUS GLENOHUMERAL ARTHRITIS (2003)

Background: Currently, no studies on shoulder arthroplasty after a previous infection of the shoulder have been published, as far as we know. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the rates of reinfection and the clinical results after shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of postinfectious glenohumeral arthritis. Methods: Between 1975 and 2000, thirteen patients with a history of infection of the shoulder that resulted in severe glenohumeral arthritis underwent shoulder arthroplasty. One patient who had been followed for less than two years was excluded. Therefore, twelve shoulders that had been followed for a minimum of two years (mean, 9.7 years) or until the time of revision surgery were included in the study. Complications, clinical results (pain, satisfaction, and range of motion), and radiographic results were documented at the time of the latest follow-up. Results: No patient in this study had had a known reinfection at the time of the latest follow-up. Overall pain scores improved from 4.8 to 2.5 points after implantation of a prosthesis. Eight of the twelve patients had no pain or mild or moderate pain only after vigorous activity. The mean shoulder abduction improved from 75° to 117°, and the mean external rotation improved from 13° to 36°. Subjectively, only six of the twelve patients rated the result as much better or better. The results in the eight patients who underwent a full rehabilitation program were better than those in the four patients who underwent a limited-goals rehabilitation program. Conclusion: Shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of the sequelae of an infected shoulder can be performed with a low risk of reinfection. While overall pain and motion can be expected to improve, unsatisfactory clinical results that are related to the destructive effects of the initial infection are not uncommon. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series [no, or historical, control group]). See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
An Obfuscation Scheme Using Affine Transformation and Its Implementation (2006)

Program analysis techniques have improved steadily over the past several decades, and these techniques have made algorithms and secret data contained in programs susceptible to discovery. Obfuscation is a technique to protect against this threat. Obfuscation schemes that encode variables have the potential to hide both algorithms and secret data. We define five types of attack — data-dependency attacks, dynamic attacks, instruction-guessing attacks, numerical attacks, and brute force attacks — that can be launched against existing obfuscation schemes. We then propose an obfuscation scheme which encodes variables in a code using an affine transformation. Our scheme is more secure than that of Sato, et al. because it can protect against dependency attacks, instruction-guessing attacks, and numerical attacks. We describe the implementation of our scheme as an obfuscation tool for C/C++ code.
Determination of Cytochrome P450 Isoenzyme 2D6 (CYP2D6) Genotypes and Pharmacogenomic Impact on Primaquine Metabolism in an Active-Duty US Military Population (2019)

NCT02960568.
An Optical Real‐Time Adaptive Spectral Identification System (ORASIS) (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Linear Mixing Model Orasis Applications Acknowledgments References
Creating a High-Quality Machine Translation System for a Low-Resource Language: Yiddish (2009)

We introduce the first machine translation system for Yiddish-English and English-Yiddish. We discuss challenges presented by this language and their solutions, including an algorithm for cognate extraction. 1
Survey of security services on group communications (2010)

Secure group communication (SGC) has attracted much attention, as group-oriented communications have been increasingly facilitating many emerging applications that require packet delivery from one or more sender(s) to multiple receivers. Of all proposals reported, most have focused on addressing the issue of key management to SGC systems. The authors, however, advocate that security services are also needed to satisfy different security requirements of various applications. The authors also present here a survey on recent advances in several security requirements and security services in group communication systems (GCSs), illustrate some outstanding GCSs that deploy these security services, and describe challenges for any future research works in designing a secure GCS.
Noise contribution to the correlation between temperature-induced localized reflectance of diabetic skin and blood glucose (2006)

We used the effect of temperature on the localized reflectance of human skin to assess the role of noise sources on the correlation between temperature-induced fractional change in optical density of human skin (DeltaOD(T)) and blood glucose concentration [BG]. Two temperature-controlled optical probes at 30 degrees C contacted the skin, one was then cooled by -10 degrees C; the other was heated by +10 degrees C. DeltaOD(T) upon cooling or heating was correlated with capillary [BG] of diabetic volunteers over a period of three days. Calibration models in the first two days were used to predict [BG] in the third day. We examined the conditions where the correlation coefficient (R2) for predicting [BG] in a third day ranked higher than R2 values resulting from fitting permutations of randomized [BG] to the same DeltaOD(T) values. It was possible to establish a four-term linear regression correlation between DeltaOD(T) upon cooling and [BG] with a correlation coefficient higher than that of an established noise threshold in diabetic patients that were mostly females with less than 20 years of diabetes duration. The ability to predict [BG] values with a correlation coefficient above biological and body-interface noise varied between the cases of cooling and heating.
IARPA Babel Amharic Language Pack IARPA-babel307b-v1.0b (2019)

<h3>Introduction</h3><br> IARPA Babel Amharic Language Pack IARPA-babel307b-v1.0b was developed by <a href="http://www.appen.com/">Appen</a> for the IARPA (Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity) <a href="http://www.iarpa.gov/index.php/research-programs/babel">Babel</a> program. It contains approximately 204 hours of Amharic conversational and scripted telephone speech collected in 2014 along with corresponding transcripts. <br> The Babel program focuses on underserved languages and seeks to develop speech recognition technology that can be rapidly applied to any human language to support keyword search performance over large amounts of recorded speech. <br> <h3>Data</h3><br> The Amharic speech in this release represents the Addis Ababa, Shewa, and Gondar dialect regions of Ethiopia. The gender distribution among speakers is approximately equal; speakers' ages range from 16 years to 60 years. Calls were made using different telephones (e.g., mobile, landline) from a variety of environments including the street, a home or office, a public place, and inside a vehicle. <br> Audio data is presented as 8kHz 8-bit a-law encoded audio in sphere format and 48kHz 24-bit PCM encoded audio in wav format. Transcripts are encoded in UTF-8 in fidel (Ge&rsquo;ez/Ethiopic) script and in a romanization scheme developed by Appen. Transcripts are included for approximately 75% of the speech. Further information about transcription methodology is contained in the documentation accompanying this release. <br> Evaluation data is available from <a href="http://www.nist.gov/">NIST</a> in support of <a href="http://www.nist.gov/itl/iad/mig/openkws.cfm">OpenKWS</a>. <br> <h3>Samples</h3><br> Please view the following samples: <br> <ul><br> <li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2019S22.sph">Speech</a></li><br> <li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2019S22.rom.txt">Romanized Transcript</a></li><br> <li><a href="desc/addenda/LDC2019S22.txt">Transcript</a></li><br> </ul><br> <h3>Updates</h3><br> None at this time. </br> Portions © 2015 U.S. Government</br> </br>The U.S. Government acquired this data from Appen Pty Ltd, which assigned the copyright to the data to the U.S. Government.
The Role of the Vasculature in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Lymphocyte trafficking in chronic gut inflammation Angiogenesis and IBD Angiogenic mediators in IBD and experimental colitis Anti-angiogenic gene expression and therapeutics in IBD and experimental colitis Thrombosis and inflammatory bowel disease Microvascular blood flow in intestinal inflammation Acknowledgments References
Synergistic Cytotoxicity of Pyrazoloacridine with Doxorubicin, Etoposide, and Topotecan in Drug-Resistant Tumor Cells (2004)

Pyrazoloacridine (NSC 366140, PD115934, PZA) is a new class of acridine anticancer agents under investigation in Phase II clinical trials in patients with advanced cancers. Although poor responses in patients to the treatment with PZA alone have been observed, this class of agents remains of interest because of its distinct mechanism of action from other topoisomerase poisons. Therefore, the combination of PZA with conventional anticancer agents presents an attractive approach to treat drug-resistant human tumors. In the present study, the cytotoxic effects of PZA combined with doxorubicin, topotecan, and etoposide were determined using paired parental and doxorubicin-resistant human colon carcinoma (SW-620 and SW620/AD-300) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MCF-7/TH). Cytotoxicity was measured by soft agar clonogenic assays. Dose effect and combination effects were analyzed by the method of Chou and Talalay. The combination of PZA with doxorubicin, topotecan, and etoposide in fixed ratios demonstrated synergistic cytotoxicity on both SW-620 and SW620/AD-300 cell lines. The combination of PZA with doxorubicin also exhibited synergistic cytotoxicity against both MCF-7 and MCF-7/TH cell lines. The mechanism of synergism appeared independent of topoisomerase I and II inhibition, and interference with protein-DNA complexes. Strategies to define optimal drug combinations are proving to be of significant value when considering potential clinical applications of new and established agents.
Severity of liver disease predicts the development of glucose abnormalities in patients with chronic hepatitis B or C following achievement of sustained virological response to antiviral therapy (2009)

A higher prevalence of glucose abnormalities has been reported in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection compared to patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. However, previous studies considered some confounding factors and ignored others, which might influence the comparative risk assessment between HBV and HCV infections. Fasting plasma glucose concentration, severity of liver disease and viral load were determined in 220 patients with HCV genotype 4 infection, and 200 patients with HBV infection. Patients completing antiviral therapy were followed-up, and the fasting plasma glucose levels were determined in patients with and without sustained virological response. The prevalence of glucose abnormalities in HCV infection (41%) was significantly higher than that in HBV infection (16%). However, when controlling the severity of liver disease and other risk factors, the prevalence of glucose abnormalities in patients with HCV infection was comparable to that in patients with HBV infection. After attaining of sustained virological response, a decrease of the median fasting plasma glucose value was observed only in chronic hepatitis C. In the group of patients with normal fasting plasma glucose levels, an association of nonsustained virological response with the development of impaired fasting glucose was only observed in chronic hepatitis C. The severity of liver disease was a common predictor of impaired fasting glucose in hepatitis B and C infections. These results indicate that high prevalence of glucose abnormalities can be associated with HBV- and HCV-related liver disease, and that clearance of HCV, but not HBV, may improve glucose metabolism.
Thyroid Autoantibodies Are Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Women (2010)

Independent of thyroid function status, community-dwelling older women who are seropositive for TgAbs and TPOAbs are less likely to be frail than seronegative women.
Patient-specific, multiscale, myocardial blood flow simulation for coronary artery disease (2020)

Patient-specific models of blood flow are used for diagnosing Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). A remaining challenge is bridging scales from flow in arteries to the micro-circulation supplying the my...
Neutron detection by measuring capture gammas in a calorimetric approach (2010)

Radiation detector systems for homeland security applications have been usually equipped with <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He tubes to detect the distinguished neutron signature of Special Nuclear Materials (SNMs). The serious shortage of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He gas, however, recently initiated substantial efforts to develop alternative neutron detectors, particularly for large-area Radiation Portal Monitors (RPMs). Most activities are currently directed to detectors comprising <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> Li or <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> B - beyond doubt with remarkable success. Nevertheless, their broad deployment poses an economic challenge. Our contribution presents a different technique - the detection of neutron capture gammas. In contrast to other attempts we do not focus on characteristic gammas or conversion electrons in the low-energy range, or on the detection of single high-energy capture gammas. Rather we propose to measure the sum energy of multiple gammas released after neutron capture reactions in a semi-calorimetric approach. This method allows simultaneous measurements of neutron and gamma radiation with a single detector (even including spectroscopic information for nuclide identification). A first prototype of such a Neutron Capture Detector (NCD) was developed based on proven standard detector materials and technologies. It consists of thin Cadmium sheets surrounded by four BGO scintillation crystals. The detector response was studied in measurements with cold neutrons extracted at the BER II reactor, and with fission neutrons from <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf. The NCD performance is discussed in comparison with those of a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> He tube. Simulation calculations have been performed to estimate the detection efficiency as a function of the detector size. A complete database to model the multiple-gamma emission from excited <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">114</sup> Cd nuclei was composed by a semi-empirical approach which combines the gamma energies and yields of well resolved transitions with information from integral measurements. The simulation results are validated experimentally and allow optimizing more complex NCD systems for RPM applications.
Release from masking through spatial separation in distance (2012)

It is widely accepted that speech intelligibility improves as a speech signal and interfering masker are separated spatially in azimuth. How-ever, little attention has been given to the effect of spatial separation in distance. In the current study speech reception thresholds (SRTs) were investigated using two different measures, the Listening in Spatialized Noise – Sentences Test (LiSN-S) and the Coordinate Response Measure (CRM). Both corpuses are characterized by providing a large degree of informational masking. To compare the results with pure energetic masking, the SRT was additionally measured in a reference condition using speech-shaped noise (SSN). Two different setups were realized. In a first setup the target was presented at a distance of 0.5m from the center of the listener‘s head and the interferer at a distance of 0.5 m, 1 m, 2 m or 10 m. In a second setup the interferer‘s location was fixed and the target‘s location was varied accordingly. Spatial synthesis was realized through convolution with binaural room impulse responses (BRIRs) recorded in an auditorium. In order to compensate for the distance dependent change in overall intensity, the total signal power was equalized and the long-term frequency spectra of the interferers were adjusted to the average target spectrum. In the case of the SSN interferer the SRT was unaffected by changes in distance. However, for the speech interferer the results revealed a substantial release from masking as the target and interferer were separated in distance. This effect was consistent for both the LiSN-S and CRM measure as well as for both target-masker setups. The strongest release from masking effect of about 10 dB was observed for the CRM corpus when the target talker was at 0.5 m and the distractor was moved from 0.5m to 10 m. In this configuration the SRT was similar to the one observed for the SSN interferer. This study suggests that distance related cues play a significant role when listening in complex environments and that the ability to use such cues could relate directly to how normal hearing and hearing impaired listeners function in complex scenes.