gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted Disruption of RC3 Reveals a Calmodulin-Based Mechanism for Regulating Metaplasticity in the Hippocampus (2002)

We used homologous recombination in the mouse to knock-out RC3, a postsynaptic, calmodulin-binding PKC substrate. Mutant brains exhibited lower immunoreactivity to phospho-Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) but had the same synaptic density as wild type and did not exhibit a gross neuroanatomical phenotype. Basal excitatory synaptic transmission in CA1 was depressed, long-term potentiation (LTP) was enhanced, and the depressant effects of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist (RS)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine was occluded compared with littermate controls. The frequency-response curve was displaced to the left, and long-term depression (LTD) could not be induced unless low-frequency stimuli were preceded by high-frequency tetani. Depotentiation was much more robust in the mutant, and only one stimulus was required to saturate LTD in primed mutant hippocampi, whereas multiple low-frequency stimuli were required in wild-type slices. Thus, ablation of RC3 appears to render the postsynaptic neuron hypersensitive to Ca(2+), decreasing its LTD and LTP thresholds and accentuating the effects of priming stimuli. We propose an mGluR-dependent CaM-based sliding threshold mechanism for metaplasticity that is governed by the phosphorylation states of RC3 and CaMKII.
Carrier Aggregation (2011)

In order to fulfil such requirements, a transmission bandwidth of up to 100 MHz is required; however, since the availability of such large portions of contiguous spectrum is rare in practice, Long Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced uses carrier aggregation of multiple Component Carriers (CCs) to achieve high-bandwidth transmission. The CCs corresponding to the PCell are referred to as the Downlink and Uplink Primary Component Carriers (PCCs), while the CCs corresponding to a SCell are referred to as Downlink and Uplink Secondary Component Carriers (SCCs). The main motivations for modifying this scheme for LTE-Advanced in Release 10 were the possibilities of performance improvements, especially in conjunction with the introduction of uplink Single-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (SU-MIMO), and the opportunity to increase the flexibility of uplink resource allocation to maximize the utilization of the spectrum. Controlled Vocabulary Terms long term evolution; MIMO systems
Supplemental Figure Legends from Bayesian Network Inference Modeling Identifies TRIB1 as a Novel Regulator of Cell-Cycle Progression and Survival in Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Receptor-Based Prediction of Binding Affinities (2005)

1 . pharmacological receptors: macromolecular complexes that can be activated by specific signal molecules (e.g. agonists), process followed by a specific biological response from the cell (organ) associated with these complexes; enzymes: proteins that catalyze specific biochemical reactions upon substrate (ligand) binding with (± high) specificity: antibodies: macromolecules (receptors) that ± specifically bind antigens (haptens), then activate cellular (immune) responses in the presence of these antigens; DNA: nucleic acid chains that (±) specifically bind drugs (e.g. antiviral or antimitotic) designed to block DNA replication. 2.
Peak Height (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Melatonin protects in vitro matured porcine oocytes from toxicity of Aflatoxin B1 (2018)

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a major food and feed contaminant that threaten public health. Previous studies indicate that AFB1 exposure disrupted oocyte maturation. However, an effective and feasible method is unavailable for protecting oocytes against toxicity of AFB1. In the present study, using in vitro matured porcine oocytes and parthenogenetic embryos as model, we confirmed that AFB1 exposure during in vitro oocyte maturation (IVM) significantly impaired both nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The different concentrations of melatonin were also tested for their protective effects on oocytes against the AFB1-induced toxicity. Our results showed that supplementation of a relative high concentration of melatonin (10<sup>-3</sup> mol/L) during IVM efficiently reversed the impaired development rate and blastocyst quality, to the levels comparable to those of the control group. Further analysis indicated that melatonin application efficiently alleviated reactive oxygen species accumulation and initiation of apoptosis induced by AFB1 exposure. In addition, disrupted GSH/GPX system, as well as inhibited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and mitochondrial biogenesis in AFB1-treated oocytes, can be notably reversed by melatonin application. Furthermore, cumulus cells may be important in mediating the toxicity of AFB1 to oocytes, and the metabolism of AFB1 in cumulus cells can be depressed by melatonin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to confirm that melatonin application can efficiently protect oocytes from AFB1-induced toxicity. Our study provides a promising and practical strategy for alleviating or reversing AFB1-induced female reproductive toxicity in both clinical treatment and domestic reproductive management.
Helping RNAi Deliver (2005)

The phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi) was first discovered in plants and C. elegans and was subsequently shown to be present in mammalian cells as well. RNAi is clearly a powerful mechanism for sequence-specific inhibition of gene expression and its use has dramatically changed the way most investigators study gene function. During a period of only four years, RNAi has grown from an interesting biological phenomenon to one of the most widely used tools in biology.
Elliptical-ring magnetic arrays fabricated using zone-plate-array lithography (2004)

Zone-plate-array lithography and lift-off processing were employed to fabricate large arrays of elliptical-ring thin film magnets with widths of 600nm and above. An undercut profile was created using WiDE™ antireflection coating spun underneath a PFI-88 resist layer. The process allowed for up to 60-nm-thick sputtered magnetic multilayered structures. The magnetic properties of the elliptical ring arrays clearly show that the shape anisotropy induced by the ellipticity of the ring creates different magnetization reversal depending on the applied field direction. Magnetic force microscopy shows that the rings display magnetic states characteristic of ring structures, as well as sharp transitions between them. A fabrication process to produce magnetic memory prototypes based on these elliptical rings is presented.
Supplementary Figure S5 from A Drug Repositioning Approach Identifies Tricyclic Antidepressants as Inhibitors of Small Cell Lung Cancer and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;- PDF file 779K, Induction of cell death in SCLC cells after treatment with related TCAs and with specific GPCR inhibitors&lt;/p&gt;
Production of avian leukosis virus particles in mammalian cells can be mediated by the interaction of the human immunodeficiency virus protein Rev and the Rev-responsive element. (1995)

In human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected cells, the efficient expression of viral proteins from unspliced and singly spliced RNAs is dependent on two factors: the presence in the cell of the viral protein Rev and the presence in the viral RNA of the Rev-responsive element (RRE). We show here that the HIV-1 Rev/RRE system can increase the expression of avian leukosis virus (ALV) structural proteins in mammalian cells (D-17 canine osteosarcoma) and promote the release of mature ALV virions from these cells. In this system, the Rev/RRE interaction appears to facilitate the export of full-length unspliced ALV RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, allowing increased production of the ALV structural proteins. Gag protein is produced in the cytoplasm of the ALV-transfected cells even in the absence of a Rev/RRE interaction. However, a functional Rev/RRE interaction increases the amount of Gag present intracellularly and, more strikingly, results in the release of mature ALV particles into the supernatant. RCAS virus containing an RRE is replication-competent in chicken embryo fibroblasts; however, we have been unable to determine whether the particles produced in D-17 cells are as infectious as the particles produced in chicken embryo fibroblasts.
Author Correction: A highly thermostable crude endoglucanase produced by a newly isolated Thermobifida fusca strain UPMC 901 (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Aggregation of molecules is controlled in microdroplets (2022)

Molecular de-aggregation was observed at the air/water interface of aqueous microdroplets. We probed this phenomenon using dyes such as Rhodamine 6G (R6G), Rhodamine B, acridine orange, and fluorescein, which show aggregation-induced shift in fluorescence. The fluorescence micrographs of microdroplets derived from the aqueous solutions of these dyes show that they are monomeric at the air/water interface, but highly aggregated at the core. We propose that rapid evaporation of the solvent influences the de-aggregation of molecules at the air-water interface of the microdroplets.
FS05.3 New characterization and chemistry of Germall 115 and Germall II (2004)

Germall 115 and Germall II are well known cosmetic preservatives, widely used as such since the early 1970’s and 1980’s, respectively. This investigation reveals that they have mistakenly been regarded as pure chemical entities with specific structures by the majority of the chemical society. In fact Germall 115 and Germall II both consist of complex mixtures of numerous and fast degradable allantoin‐formaldehyde condensation products and may not even contain the conventionally assigned chemical structures of imidazolidinyl urea (Germall 115) and diazolidinyl urea (Germall II). Equilibrium between different structures may be formed in different cosmetic formulations/test materials. This may have led to the discrepancies in the literature: Are the Germalls themselves sensitizers or are the allergic reactions caused by formaldehyde release? The identification and structure assignment of (4‐hydroxymethyl‐2,5‐dioxo‐imidazolidin‐4‐yl)‐urea (HU) will be presented, as it is the major and chemically stable degradation product of both Diazolidinyl urea and Imidazolidinyl urea. A guinea pig maximization test has been performed to determine the potential of HU to induce delayed contact hypersensibility in guinea pigs. Separate chemically stable TRUE Test patches containing the mixtures have shown clinical efficacy.
Application Heartbeats. A Generic Interface for Expressing Performance Goals and Progress in Self-Tuning Systems (2010)

Self-tuning, self-aware, or adaptive computing has been proposed as one method to help application programmers confront the growing complexity of multicore software development.Such systems have been proposed for architectures, compilers, and operating systems to ease the application programmer's burden by providing services that automatically customize to meet the needs of the application.However, these systems often rely on ad hoc methods for understanding and monitoring an application and thus struggle to incorporate the true performance goals of the applications they are designed to support.This paper presents the Application Heartbeats API which addresses the need to provide a standardized interface for applications to communicate with supportive adaptive systems.The Application Heartbeats framework provides a simple, standard programming interface that applications can use to indicate their performance and which system software can use to query that performance.Several experiments demonstrate the simplicity and efficacy of the Application Heartbeat approach.
Supplementary Data from Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Molecular Profiles and Therapeutic Implications (2023)

Supplementary Data from Lung Cancer in Never Smokers: Molecular Profiles and Therapeutic Implications
On Energy-Reliability Tradeoff in Analog-to-Digital Converters with Imperfect Comparators (2006)

The paper investigates the tradeoff between energy-per-conversion and comparator reliability for Flash, first order SigmaDelta, and Beta expansion analog-to-digital converter architectures. Upper bounds on the minimum number of index bits required to achieve a prescribed distortion are derived as a function of comparator reliability. These bounds are then combined with a comparator energy-per-comparison-reliability relation to provide upper bounds on the energy-per-conversion for each architecture. The upper bounds are found to be monotonically increasing in reliability, suggesting that it is better from an energy-per-conversion perspective to use relatively unreliable comparators.
Thermal atomic layer etching of cobalt using sulfuryl chloride for chlorination and tetramethylethylenediamine or trimethylphosphine for ligand addition (2023)

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of cobalt was developed using sulfuryl chloride (SO2Cl2) for chlorination and either tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA) or trimethylphosphine (PMe3) for ligand addition. In situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements were used to monitor the thermal ALE of cobalt using the SO2Cl2/TMEDA and SO2Cl2/PMe3 processes. For every SO2Cl2 exposure, there was a mass gain during chlorination. For every TMEDA or PMe3 exposure, there was a mass loss during ligand addition. The result was a net removal of cobalt during each chlorination/ligand-addition reaction cycle. Average etch rates determined from QCM measurements for the SO2Cl2/TMEDA process at 175, 200, 225, 250, 275, and 300 °C were 0.62 ± 0.41, 1.35 ± 0.64, 2.31 ± 0.91, 6.43 ± 1.31, 10.56 ± 2.94, and 7.62 ± 4.87 Å/cycle, respectively. These etch rates were corroborated using x-ray reflectivity (XRR) studies on cobalt thin films on silicon coupons. Quadrupole mass spectroscopy analysis also revealed that the cobalt etch product from TMEDA exposures on CoCl2 powder was CoCl2(TMEDA). The SO2Cl2/TMEDA process could remove the surface chloride layer formed by each SO2Cl2 exposure with one TMEDA exposure. In contrast, the SO2Cl2/PMe3 process required 20–40 individual PMe3 exposures to remove the surface chloride layer formed from each SO2Cl2 exposure at 130–200 °C. An increasing number of PMe3 exposures were needed as the temperature decreased below 130 °C. The etch rates for the SO2Cl2/PMe3 process with multiple PMe3 exposures were 2–4 Å/cycle as determined by the QCM and XRR studies. For both the SO2Cl2/TMEDA and SO2Cl2/PMe3 processes, the etch rate was determined by the amount of CoCl2 created during the SO2Cl2 exposure. Thicker surface CoCl2 layers from larger SO2Cl2 exposures resulted in higher Co etch rates that could exceed one crystalline unit cell length. Atomic force microscopy measurements determined that the cobalt surface roughness decreased after Co ALE with the SO2Cl2/TMEDA process. In contrast, the cobalt surface roughness increased after Co ALE with the SO2Cl2/PMe3 process. The chlorination and ligand-addition mechanism should be generally applicable for metal ALE for metals that form stable chlorides.
The ethanopharmacological aspect of carbon nanodots in turmeric smoke (2016)

Smoke manifested ever since our ancient's lit fire; today it has evolved to become an environmental concern. However, medicinal smoke is still part of man's natural remedies, religious and cultural practices too. The Asiatic household practice of burning turmeric rhizomes to relieve nose and chest congestion is a well known yet never scientifically authenticated or studied practice. For the first time we investigate the components of these turmeric smudges, validate their antimicrobial and anticancer properties and their cell compatibility. With smoke there is always nanoparticulate carbon and turmeric smoke is no exception. If so, what is the role of the nano carbon (NC) in the turmeric smudge effect? This study isolated, characterized and exposed these secret natural NC undercover agents in turmeric smoke. Their unequivocal role in the ethanopharmocological activity of turmeric smudging has been demonstrated. This work opens a new avenue for use of such nano components of smoke for harnessing the ethanopharmacological property of various medicinal smokes, by excluding the smoke factor, through extracting the nano carbon material in them. This is a possibility to realizing the use of such naturally available nanomaterial, as an eco friendly substitute for the notorious anthropogenic nanomaterials.
Mismatch effects on passive matched-field, thick-sediment inversion (2006)

Acoustic field predictions in shallow-water areas can be severely limited by environmental uncertainty, especially in sediment property characteristics. Direct methods of obtaining geophysical data are expensive, so inverse methods, which invert signals from controlled active sources, have recently become popular. This work assesses the impact of environmental mismatch on low-frequency (&amp;lt;100 Hz) matched-field correlations on broadband signals from surface ships with unknown source levels at unknown ranges. A range-staggered technique is employed to create a range-dependent sediment description, with ever-increasing confidence as additional ships are analyzed. Matched-phase techniques are applied in a simulated shallow-water environment with a single vertical array and high signal-to-noise ratios. The simulations indicate significant potential for passive, range-dependent, thick-sediment characterizations out to ranges of tens of water depths in shallow water, despite reasonable mismatch conditions in the water and in the sediments. [Work sponsored by SPAWAR.]
Adaptive optic vision correction system using the Z-View wavefront sensor (2005)

High order aberrations in human eye can deteriorate visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Such aberrations can not be corrected with traditional low-order (defocus and astigmatism) spectacles or contact lenses. A state-of-the-art adaptive optics vision correction system was developed using Ophthonix's Z-View diffractive wavefront sensor and a commercial miniature deformable mirror. While being measured and corrected by this system, the patient can also view a Snellen chart or a Contrast Sensitivity chart through the system in order to experience the vision benefits both in visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Preliminary study has shown the potential that this system could be used in a doctor's office to provide patients with a subjective feel of the objective high order prescription measured on Z-View.
Influence of morphology on the toughening mechanisms of polypropylene modified with core-shell particles derived from thermoplastic elastomers (1998)

The micromechanical deformation processes of impact- modified polypropylene (PP) with core– shell particles derived from PP/EPR (ethylene– propylene– rubber) block copolymers and PP/PA/SEBS-g-MA (polypropy-­lene / polyamide / polystyrene - block - poly(ethene - co - but -1-ene)-block-polystyrene-graft-maleic anhydride) graft copolymers have been investigated by in-situ tensile tests in high-voltage electron microscopy. Morphology studies in transmission electron microscopy show that the morphology of modifier particles is drastically affected by their concentration. It was found that the driving mechanism for the initiation of plastic deformation is a controlled microvoid formation, which is caused by cavitation in the stretched rubber shell under mechanical loading. According to the inherent properties and phase structures of modifier particles, a single or multiple cavitation appears with or without fibril formation at the interface between the modifier particles and the matrix. The Predominant mechanism for the improvement of toughness is the shear yielding of the ligaments of matrix material induced by local stress concentration by the microvoids. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal tuning of a fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity (2021)

Here, we present the thermal tuning capability of an alignment-free, fiber-integrated Fabry-Pérot cavity. The two mirrors are made of fiber Bragg gratings that can be individually temperature stabilized and tuned. We show the temperature tuning of the resonance wavelength of the cavity without any degradation of the finesse and the tuning of the individual stop bands of the fiber Bragg gratings. This not only permits for the cavity's finesse to be optimized post-fabrication but also makes this cavity applicable as a narrowband filter with a FWHM spectral width of 0.07 ± 0.02 pm and a suppression of more than -15 dB that can be wavelength tuned. Further, in the field of quantum optics, where strong light-matter interactions are desirable, quantum emitters can be coupled to such a cavity and the cavity effect can be reversibly omitted and re-established. This is particularly useful when working with solid-state quantum emitters where such a reference measurement is often not possible once an emitter has been permanently deposited inside a cavity.
Understanding Context for Tasks and Activities (2019)

Human activity is one of the most important pieces of context affecting an individual's information needs. Understanding the relationship between activities, time, location, and other contextual features can improve the quality of various intelligent systems, including contextual search engines, task managers, digital personal assistants, chat bots, and recommender systems.
Doubling the Power Output of Bifacial Thin‐Film GaAs Solar Cells by Embedding Them in Luminescent Waveguides (2013)

Thin-film, microscale GaAs solar cells transfer printed into luminescent concentrating waveguides show significantly enhanced power output compared to cells evaluated in isolation. Experimental and numerical simulation results demonstrate that optimized configurations involve a free-standing waveguide and a diffuse backside reflector, as a way to maximize capture of both waveguided and scattered photons. Such unusual options in engineering design suggest promising additional avenues for the use of luminescent concentration in advanced photovoltaics. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.