gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data Embedding into Characters (2015)

This paper reviews several trials of re-designing conventional communication medium, i.e., characters, for enriching their functions by using data-embedding techniques. For example, characters are re-designed to have better machine-readability even under various geometric distortions by embedding a geometric invariant into each character image to represent class label of the character. Another example is to embed various information into handwriting trajectory by using a new pen device, called a data-embedding pen. An experimental result showed that we can embed 32-bit information into a handwritten line of 5 cm length by using the pen device. In addition to those applications, we also discuss the relationship between data-embedding and pattern recognition in a theoretical point of view. Several theories tell that if we have appropriate supplementary information by data-embedding, we can enhance pattern recognition performance up to 100%.
Resource Recovery and Recycling from Water Streams: Advanced Membrane Technologies and Case Studies (2023)

status: Published
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Sila‐Matteson Rearrangement: A General Access to Silylated Heterocycles. (2012)

Abstract Higher yields and chemoselectivities are observed when tBuLi is used as a lithiating agent.
Nitrate therapy may retard glaucomatous optic neuropathy, perhaps through modulation of glutamate receptors (1998)

Nitrates have been a major part of the internist's pharmacopoeia for more than 100 years, predominantly for the relief of anginal symptoms. The effects of nitroglycerin on the eye and specifically on intraocular pressure has been investigated with diverse results. However, nitroglycerin may also serve to protect retinal ganglion cells against glutamate mediated toxicity--a form of cell death that may be critical in glaucomatous blindness. Consequently, we therefore sought to evaluate whether nitroglycerin preparations, taken for non-ophthalmic reasons, had an effect on glaucomatous damage.
Morphologies of microphase‐separated conformationally asymmetric diblock copolymers (1997)

The equilibrium morphological behavior of a series of conformationally asymmetric linear diblock copolymers is characterized via small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The linear diblock molecules of polyisoprene and poly(t-butylmethacrylate) (PtBMA) are prepared anionically over a range of PtBMA volume fractions 0.17 to 0.85. Solution light-scattering experiments are performed on PtBMA homopolymer at theta conditions, and the results were compared with PI data in the literature in order to characterize the degree of conformational asymmetry between the respective blocks. This conformational asymmetry is quantified by an ε of 0.75. The experimental results are compared with morphological behavior calculated utilizing self-consistent mean field theory for a diblock system with ε = 0.75. At middle to high PtBMA volume fractions, ϕPtBMA > 0.30, the experimental morphological behavior agrees well with the calculated behavior; the microphase boundaries are slightly shifted to higher volume fractions of the PtBMA block due to its larger Kuhn length. At ϕPtBMA < 0.30, however, discrepancies are found in the volume fraction dependence of experimentally determined morphological behavior and that calculated theoretically. Interestingly, extremely well-ordered cylindrical microstructures were observed for PI cylinder domains embedded in PtBMA matrices; these samples were prepared by solvent casting with no treatment, such as shearing, to enhance long-range order. These well-ordered cylinder structures contrast with PtBMA cylinders in a PI matrix on the opposite side of the phase diagram that have very poor long-range order. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2629–2643, 1997
Herstellung und Charakterisierung von metallosupramolekularen dünnen Polyelektrolytfilmen (1998)

Molekulare Erkennung und die elektrostatische Wechselwirkung entgegengesetzt geladener Polyelektrolyte wurden kombiniert bei der Herstellung von strukturierten, ultradünnen metallosupramolekularen Multischichten (siehe schematische Darstellung; PEI=Poly(ethylenimin), PSS=Poly(styrolsulfonat)). Die Schichten zwischen den PSS-Schichten bestehen aus einem FeII-Bis(terpyridin)-Koordinationspolymer.
High Levels of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in CCM3-Deficient Cells Increase Their Susceptibility to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibition (2020)

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular malformations that can be the result of the deficiency of one of the CCM genes. Their only present treatment is surgical removal, which is not always possible, and an alternative pharmacological strategy to eliminate them is actively sought. We have studied the effect of the lack of one of the CCM genes, CCM3, in endothelial and non-endothelial cells. By comparing protein expression in control and CCM3-silenced cells, we found that the levels of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) are higher in CCM3-deficient cells, which adds to the known upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) in these cells. Whereas VEGFR2 is upregulated at the mRNA level, EGFR has a prolonged half-life. Inhibition of EGFR family members in CCM3-deficient cells does not revert the known cellular effects of lack of CCM genes, but it induces significantly more apoptosis in CCM3-deficient cells than in control cells. We propose that the susceptibility to tyrosine kinase inhibitors of CCM3-deficient cells can be harnessed to kill the abnormal cells of these lesions and thus treat CCMs pharmacologically.
Motion Planning: Recent Developments (2018)

A key trait of an autonomous robot is the ability to plan its own motion in order to accomplish specified tasks. Often, the objective of motion planning is to change the state of the world by computing a sequence of admissible motions for the robot. In path planning, people are given a complete description of the geometry of a robot and a static environment populated with obstacles. An important consideration for path planning algorithms is completeness. A path planning algorithm is complete, if it finds a path whenever one exists and reports none exists otherwise. The configuration of a robot is a set of parameters that uniquely determine the position of every point in the robot. The cell decomposition approach first divides a robot’s free space into simple, canonical regions called cells. In general, path planning algorithms based on random sampling cannot detect whether any path exists.
Fractal image coding with regional division of a block (2005)

Fractal image coding is an image compression method that utilizes the self-similarity which is inherent in a natural image. The picture quality of the restored image depends on the detection of adequate self-similarity in the original image. However, for the conventional technique that uses square blocks, it is troublesome to detect good self-similarity in edge parts that have steep changes in gradation values. Therefore, in this paper, the authors perform regional division for each block and use separate contractive transformations in each divided region to implement superior self-similarity detection. This technique can reproduce more apparent edges than the conventional technique that uses square blocks and the SN ratio is improved by 1 to 2 dB at the same bit rate. Also, although the coding performance of the conventional fractal image coding technique is worse than that of JPEG, the proposed technique shows nearly equivalent PSNR to JPEG in the vicinity of 2 to 3 bpp. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 88(8): 1–8, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley. com). DOI 10.1002/ecjc.20153
PMOS SiGe epitaxial growth process improvement to increase Yield and Throughput (2020)

In this paper, we present the development of a new 14nm SiGe process that is designed to improve with-in-wafer uniformity to eventually improve Electrical parameters, parametric limited yield and overall average yield. In addition we showed that throughput has also improved. The methods presented involved adding cross-flows of same process gases and optimizing the flows, temperature, power and time. By doing so, significant improvement in the WIW uniformity (growth and dopant concentration) and improvement in Defects were observed. This WIW uniformity led to significant improvements in various Electrical Test parameters as well as yield.
Interruption of natalizumab therapy for multiple sclerosis (2011)

Thomas Huxley, the great 19th century British biologist, quipped that “many a beautiful theory was killed by an ugly fact.” In late 2004, the Food and Drug Administration approved natalizumab for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), a “magic bullet” that seemed to arrest multiple sclerosis (MS) disease activity. That beautiful idea died a few months later with the discovery of an ugly fact: natalizumab was associated with a risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). After removal from the market in early 2005, natalizumab was rereleased in 2006 to a cautious community of neurologists and patients.

Since the rerelease of natalizumab for the treatment of RRMS, neurologists have struggled with some fundamental questions. Which patients are most appropriately treated with natalizumab? How long should treatment continue? Does the disease rebound when the medication is stopped? Is a drug holiday effective at reducing the risk of PML? How can we assess an individual patient's risk of developing PML and mitigate that risk?

In this issue of Neurology ®, O'Connor et al.1 provide information on the kinetics of the return of MS disease activity after natalizumab cessation. When the risk of PML was discovered in 2005, study participants in natalizumab trials and open-label extension phases were followed for safety after the medicine was discontinued. …
Validation and extension of the gas‐phase superacidity scale (2019)

The introduced methodological innovations were found to be adequate and strong evidence is presented in support of the current GA values of the strong acids.
Modeling the Short-Channel Effects in Coplanar Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2022)

We have developed models for three different short-channel effects [subthreshold-swing degradation, threshold-voltage roll-off, and drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL)] in coplanar organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) and verified them against the measured current–voltage characteristics of TFTs having channel lengths as small as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.5 \mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . To derive the models, the Schwarz–Christoffel transformation was applied to obtain a complex mapping function that links the coplanar device geometry to an equivalent geometry in a different coordinate system in order to solve Laplace’s equation of the 2-D potential problem. The solution to this potential problem serves as the basis for the definition of the short-channel models, which can be incorporated into any compact dc models for coplanar TFTs that use the TFTs’ threshold voltage and subthreshold swing as input parameters. To verify the model, the channel-length-dependent effects were extracted from technology computer-aided design (TCAD) simulations (transfer characteristics and surface-potential profile) and from measurements performed on organic p-channel TFTs fabricated using high-resolution stencil lithography.
A contribution of novel CNVs to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects: CNV Analysis Group and the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2016)

Abstract Genomic copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, apart from a small number of risk variants, elucidation of the CNV contribution to risk has been difficult due to the rarity of risk alleles, all occurring in less than 1% of cases. We sought to address this obstacle through a collaborative effort in which we applied a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. We observed a global enrichment of CNV burden in cases (OR=1.11, P=5.7e −15 ), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR=1.07, P=1.7e −6 ). CNV burden is also enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8e −11 ) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P=7.3e −5 ). We identified genome-wide significant support for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. We find support at a suggestive level for nine additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consist predominantly of CNVs mediated by non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR).
Testing the susceptibility to manuka honey of streptococci isolated from wound swabs (2011)

Honey is a broad spectrum antimicrobial agent that has been re-introduced into clinical practice to treat wounds. Wounds support polymicrobial communities of bacteria that either colonise or infect wounds. Strains with resistance to antibiotics are difficult to eradicate and pose a risk of transfer to other patients. Manuka honey has been shown to inhibit many of the bacteria commonly associated with wounds, such as staphylococci, pseudomonads, coliforms and anaerobes, but its efficacy against streptococci isolated from wounds has not been reported. Using macro- and micro-dilution in broth and an agar incorporation technique, the susceptibility to manuka honey of 15 cultures of catalase negative, Gram positive cocci that had been isolated from wounds was tested. All cultures were inhibited by 10% (v/v) manuka honey and statistically significant differences between the three test methods were not found. Manuka honey offers clinical potential in eradicating streptococci from wounds.
Intake oxygen concentration estimation for DI diesel engines (2003)

In order to reduce emissions and improve performance of internal combustion engines, it is desirable to know the oxygen concentration of the gas inducted into the engine so that the appropriate amount of fuel can be injected. This is especially true for diesel engines in which up to 50% of the exhaust gas is recirculated back into the engine. This work presents an estimation algorithm for the oxygen concentration in the intake manifold of a turbocharged diesel engine. The only quantities needed for the estimation scheme are boost pressure, fueling rate, engine speed and EGR valve lift, all of which are generally known to the engine control unit. This estimator is a first order linear dynamic model (with time varying coefficients) and asymptotically stable. Due to the unobservability of the oxygen concentration model, the speed of convergence of the estimation scheme is fixed by engine parameters, but is as fast as the phenomenon of mixing of the exhaust gas recirculated with the air in the intake manifold. Simulation studies show the effectiveness of the proposed estimator.
1031 – Risk Of Psychiatric Disorders In Hypospadias - a Nationwide Swedish Cohort Study (2013)

Introduction Even though 0.3-0.8% percent of the male population are born with hypospadias, it is not known if this is associated with an increased risk for psychiatric morbidity later in life. Aims The aim of this study was to assess the association between hypospadias and risk of psychiatric disorders in affected individuals. Methods The association between hypospadias and psychiatric disorders was examined in a population-based cohort study using Swedish registers. Individuals born in Sweden between 1973 and 2009 were included in the study. Among them, 11,156 patients with hypospadias were identified and matched with 1,098,714 distinct controls by year of birth and county. The following outcomes were evaluated: 1- suicide attempt, 2- psychotic, 3- mood, 4-anxiety, 5- eating, 6- personality disorders, 7- disorders due to psychoactive substance use, 8- ADHD, 9- pervasive developmental disorders, 10- intellectual disabilities, and 11- other childhood emotional disorders. Results After adjusting for socio-economic and perinatal factors, malformations and/or genetic syndromes, patients with hypospadias were more likely to be diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorders (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.6), intellectual disabilities (OR 1.8; 95% CI 1.6-2.1), ADHD (OR 1.2; 95% CI 1.0-1.4) and other childhood emotional disorders (OR 1.3; 95% CI 1.1-1.4) compared to the controls. No relation between other psychiatric diagnosis and hypospadias was found. Conclusion Hypospadias is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders.
An improved polymer solar cell incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes (2014)

We present an improved efficiency of polymer solar cell by incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A power conversion efficiency of 2.66% was achieved for the device with 0.125 wt% SWCNTs, which is 16% improvement over control device without SWCNTs, primarily due to the increase in the photocurrent and fill factor. The results reveal that SWCNTs serve as effective and additional electron pathways, facilitating the electron transport and improving the interface contact between active layer and electrode. The improved contact area was evidenced by the increased root-mean-square surface roughness as SWCNTs concentration increases. However, the increased peak-to-valley value also indicates the possibility of short circuit in device, thus the concentration of SWCNTs has to be optimized.
Correction of β-thalassemia by CRISPR/Cas9 editing of the α-globin locus in human hematopoietic stem cells (2021)

β-thalassemias (β-thal) are a group of blood disorders caused by mutations in the β-globin gene (HBB) cluster. β-globin associates with α-globin to form adult hemoglobin (HbA, α2β2), the main oxygen-carrier in erythrocytes. When β-globin chains are absent or limiting, free α-globins precipitate and damage cell membranes, causing hemolysis and ineffective erythropoiesis. Clinical data show that severity of β-thal correlates with the number of inherited α-globin genes (HBA1 and HBA2), with α-globin gene deletions having a beneficial effect for patients. Here, we describe a novel strategy to treat β-thal based on genome editing of the α-globin locus in human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs). Using CRISPR/Cas9, we combined 2 therapeutic approaches: (1) α-globin downregulation, by deleting the HBA2 gene to recreate an α-thalassemia trait, and (2) β-globin expression, by targeted integration of a β-globin transgene downstream the HBA2 promoter. First, we optimized the CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and corrected the pathological phenotype in a cellular model of β-thalassemia (human erythroid progenitor cell [HUDEP-2] β0). Then, we edited healthy donor HSPCs and demonstrated that they maintained long-term repopulation capacity and multipotency in xenotransplanted mice. To assess the clinical potential of this approach, we next edited β-thal HSPCs and achieved correction of α/β globin imbalance in HSPC-derived erythroblasts. As a safer option for clinical translation, we performed editing in HSPCs using Cas9 nickase showing precise editing with no InDels. Overall, we described an innovative CRISPR/Cas9 approach to improve α/β globin imbalance in thalassemic HSPCs, paving the way for novel therapeutic strategies for β-thal.
Antidiabetic Effect of Noodles Containing Fermented Lettuce Extracts (2021)

The aim of the current study was to examine the antidiabetic effect of noodle containing fermented lettuce extract (FLE) on diabetic mice as a pre-clinical study. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content, antioxidant capacity, and total polyphenol content of the FLE noodles were analyzed and compared with those of standard noodles. In addition, oral glucose and sucrose tolerance, and fasting blood glucose tests were performed using a high-fat diet/streptozotocin-mediated diabetic mouse model. Serum metabolite profiling of mice feed standard or FLE noodles was performed using gas chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF-MS) to understand the mechanism changes induced by the FLE noodles. The GABA content, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity were high in FLE noodles compared with those in the standard noodles. In vivo experiments also showed that mice fed FLE noodles had lower blood glucose levels and insulin resistance than those fed standard noodles. Moreover, glycolysis, purine metabolism, and amino acid metabolism were altered by FLE as determined by GC-TOF-MS-based metabolomics. These results demonstrate that FLE noodles possess significant antidiabetic activity, suggesting the applicability of fermented lettuce extract as a potential food additive for diabetic food products.
Impact of Gas Flow and Humidity on Trans-Nasal Aerosol Deposition via Nasal Cannula in Adults: A Randomized Cross-Over Study (2019)

Both flow and active heated humidity inversely impact aerosol delivery through HFNC. Nevertheless, aerosol administration across the range of commonly used flows can provide measurable levels of lung deposition in healthy adult subjects (NCT02519465).
Thermal Conductivity of Ceramic Thermal Barrier and Environmental Barrier Coating Materials (2001)

Thermal barrier and environmental barrier coatings (TBC's and EBC's) have been developed to protect metallic and Si-based ceramic components in gas turbine engines from high temperature attack. Zirconia-yttria based oxides and (Ba,Sr)Al2Si2O8(BSAS)/mullite based silicates have been used as the coating materials. In this study, thermal conductivity values of zirconia-yttria- and BSAS/mullite-based coating materials were determined at high temperatures using a steady-state laser heat flux technique. During the laser conductivity test, the specimen surface was heated by delivering uniformly distributed heat flux from a high power laser. One-dimensional steady-state heating was achieved by using thin disk specimen configuration (25.4 mm diam and 2 to 4 mm thickness) and the appropriate backside air-cooling. The temperature gradient across the specimen thickness was carefully measured by two surface and backside pyrometers. The thermal conductivity values were thus determined as a function of temperature based on the 1-D heat transfer equation. The radiation heat loss and laser absorption corrections of the materials were considered in the conductivity measurements. The effects of specimen porosity and sintering on measured conductivity values were also evaluated.