gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Effects of eliminating the chain extender and varying the grating periodicity on the morphology of holographically written Bragg gratings</title> (1996)

Experimental variables affecting the morphology of holographically written Bragg gratings in polymer dispersed liquid crystalline composite systems are discussed. The spatial anisotropic photo-crosslinking of a multifunctional acrylate monomer results in periodic regions of phase separated LC droplets. These films have many electro-optic applications owing to the fact their refractive index profiles can be modulated. Low-voltage high resolution scanning electron microscopy (LVHRSEM) was used to investigate the morphology of these films due to the very small LC domain sizes formed. Specifically, the morphology is discussed in terms of the rates of LC diffusion parallel to the grating vector, and the relative rates of nucleation and subsequent gelation. Using micrographs, the effect of writing intensity, LC content, and chain extender concentration is examined first in uniformly illuminated (flood lit) samples and then in transmission gratings. Elimination of the chain extender increases the gelation time relative to the nucleation time resulting in larger LC domains. The effect of increasing the Bragg spacing on the phase separation behavior is also examined.
Single‐step preparation of rutile‐type CrNbO 4 and CrTaO 4 oxides from oxalate precursors–characterization and properties (2019)

Abstract Chromium niobate and tantalate (CrNbO 4 and CrTaO 4 ) were synthesized by pyrolysis of the oxalate‐based heterometallic complexes [Cr 2 (bpy) 4 ( μ ‐O) 4 Nb 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 4 ]·3H 2 O (Cr‐Nb) and [Cr(bpy) 2 (H 2 O)( μ ‐O)Ta(C 2 O 4 ) 3 ] 2 ·3.5H 2 O (Cr‐Ta) (bpy = 2,2'‐bipyridine). Compared to conventional solid‐state synthesis, herein studied oxides are prepared at lower temperatures, in one step without repeating grinding procedures. The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the as‐synthesized oxides were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV‐vis DRS). The determined band gap energies of CrNbO 4 and CrTaO 4 are 2.39 and 2.82 eV, respectively, which prompted us to investigate photocatalytic activity of these oxides in degradation of dyes. Microscopy studies show that the particles of both oxides began to aggregate into bigger particles, leading to an increase in grain size. Additionally, magnetization measurements on both oxides revealed spin‐glass behavior at low temperatures.
Preparation of (Tl, Pb)–Sr–Ca–Cu–O Superconducting Thin Films by the Mist Microwave-Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (1994)

Superconducting thin films of (Tl, Pb)–Sr–Ca–Cu–O were prepared on single-crystal MgO(100) substrates by the mist microwave-plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the prepared films consisted of the 1223 and 1212 phases with c -axis orientation perpendicular to the substrates. The dependence of the critical temperature of films on the input molar ratio of oxygen was investigated. The maximum critical temperature (100 K) of as-deposited films was obtained at the input molar ratio of oxygen about of 0.3.
Thin film cadmium telluride charged particle sensors for large area neutron detectors (2014)

Thin film semiconductor neutron detectors are an attractive candidate to replace 3He neutron detectors, due to the possibility of low cost manufacturing and the potential for large areas. Polycrystalline CdTe is found to be an excellent material for thin film charged particle detectors—an integral component of a thin film neutron detector. The devices presented here are characterized in terms of their response to alpha and gamma radiation. Individual alpha particles are detected with an intrinsic efficiency of >80%, while the devices are largely insensitive to gamma rays, which is desirable so that the detector does not give false positive counts from gamma rays. The capacitance-voltage behavior of the devices is studied and correlated to the response due to alpha radiation. When coupled with a boron-based neutron converting material, the CdTe detectors are capable of detecting thermal neutrons.
Wafer applied and no flow underfill screening for 3D stacks (2012)

As the demand for 3D packaging increases, selecting reliable and cost effective materials to be used to build these complex packages has gained a lot of importance. As current IC technology nodes are becoming “Moore-than-Moore” challenging, thus industry and research institutes alike are trying to find ways of addressing this challenge. The integration of new types of underfill materials in 3D stacking is one very important part of the package material set that will determine its reliability and cost effectiveness. With the introduction of 3D technology, bump sizes and pitches have been scaled down significantly which in turn has also shrank underfill gaps between dies which complicates the assembly of 3D stacks. The need of new underfill materials and underfilling concepts becomes inevitable. It is quite difficult to make traditional capillary type underfills and underfilling methods to work due to the very narrow gaps and fine bump pitches that 3D stacks have. Pre-applied underfills (Wafer Applied or No Flow) with or without fillers (submicron or Nano-fillers) may prove to be a suitable solution for this concern. Using a 2 die-stack test vehicle with a bump pitch of 40 μm (with Cu and Cu/Sn bumps) and an underfill gap of 13.5 μm, four (4) different underfill materials (2 NUFs and 2 WAUFs) were screened. This paper will report on the assessment done for both wafer applied and no flow underfill materials, the differences in the application process, the material's filling and stacking process capabilities and finally the reliability of the 3D stacks. The materials were initially screened based on the test vehicle geometry then processed thru the different phases of the screening process. The changes in thermo-compression bonding parameters used in the experiment to improve the electrical yields will also be discussed. It will also be shown how underfill materials with and without fillers differ in the thermo-compression bonding force required to be able to get good bump-to-bump connection.
N‐Acetylglucosamine kinase and N‐acetylglucosamine 6‐phosphate deacetylase in normal human erythrocytes and Plasmodium falciparum (1996)

The major pathways of glucose metabolism in the malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum , have now been elucidated, and the structures and properties of parasite‐specific enzymes are presently being investigated. Little is known, however, about the enzymes catalysing monosaccharide interconversions in the parasite. In the present investigation we have examined the pathway of N‐acetylglucosamine catabolism which, in higher organisms, involves the following reaction sequence: N‐acetylglucosamine → N‐acetylglucosamine 6‐phosphate → glucosamine 6‐phosphate → fructose 6‐phosphate. Assay of the specific kinase (E.C. 2.7.1.59) catalysing the phosphorylation of the sugar showed that the enzyme is present in Plasmodium extracts as well as in normal human erythrocytes; specific activities of 7.2 and 5.3 nmol/h/mg protein were measured for the parasite and erythrocyte extracts, respectively. n ‐Acetylglucosamine 6‐phosphate deacetylase (E.C. 3.5.1.25), catalysing the second reaction, was also detected in both normal and Plasmodium ‐infected erythrocytes. At 75% parasitaemia, the deacetylase activity was close to 3 times higher than that of normal control cells. The erythrocyte deacetylase was purified approximately 16 000‐fold by chromatography on DE52 cellulose, chromatofocusing, and size exclusion chromatography. Attempts to purify the parasite enzyme by the same procedures were unsuccessful due to loss of activity. A partially purified erythrocyte deacetylase preparation (eluted from DE52 cellulose) had a pH optimum of 7.5, a pI of 6.0, as indicated by chromatofocusing, and a K m of 29 μM. In conjunction with previous investigations, the present study indicated that all three enzymes required for N‐acetylglucosamine utilization are present in Plasmodium parasites as well as in normal erythrocytes.
Protective Effects of Glutamine Antagonist 6-Diazo-5-Oxo-l-Norleucine in Mice with Alphavirus Encephalomyelitis (2016)

Encephalomyelitis due to infection with mosquito-borne alphaviruses is an important cause of death and of long-term neurological disability in those who survive infection. This study demonstrates the role of the virus-induced immune response in the generation of neurological disease. DON, a glutamine antagonist, inhibited the proliferation of lymphocytes in response to infection, prevented the development of brain inflammation, and protected mice from paralysis and death during treatment. However, because DON inhibited the immune response to infection, clearance of the virus from the brain was also prevented. When treatment was stopped, the immune response was generated, brain inflammation occurred, virus was cleared, and mice developed paralysis and died. Therefore, more definitive treatment for alphaviral encephalomyelitis should inhibit virus replication as well as neuroinflammatory damage.
Automated 3D Segmentation of Intraretinal Surfaces in SD-OCT Volumes in Normal and Diabetic Mice (2014)

The presented method, initially developed for human OCT, has been adapted for mice, with the potential to be adapted for other animals as well. Quantitative in vivo assessment of the retina in mice allows changes to be measured longitudinally, decreasing the need for them.
Dynamin binds to SH3 domains of phospholipase C gamma and GRB-2. (1994)

Src homology 3 (SH3) domains are found in a variety of proteins that are involved in signal transduction or represent components of the cytoskeleton. These domains are thought to serve as modules that mediate specific protein-protein interactions that include proline-rich sequences on the target protein. We have identified proteins of 110, 80, 65, and 43 kDa in human embryonic fibroblasts that bind specifically to the SH3 domain of phospholipase C gamma, a primary substrate of receptor tyrosine kinases, and characterized the 110-kDa band as the microtubule-activated GTPase dynamin. In addition, dynamin binds the son of sevenless adaptor protein GRB-2 with even higher affinity. This interaction does not require the dynamin GTPase function and involves a proline-rich target sequence between residues 812 and 820 of dynamin.
Determination of Phenolic Hydroxyl Groups in Lignin by Combined Use of 1H NMR and UV Spectroscopy (1999)

Summary Two independent spectroscopic methods are presented and compared for the quantitation of the phenolic hydroxyl groups in lignins. The combined information is used to further elucidate the character of the lignin samples examined. The UV method is based on the difference of the spectroscopic properties of the ionised and the nonionised phenol. The method using 1 H NMR spectroscopy is based on the exchange of phenolic protons in D 2 O. The difference in integrated proton intensities in the sample dissolved in DMSO and the sample with additional 20% D 2 O is proportional to the phenolic protons. The method based on UV spectroscopy uses differences in the maxima close to 300 nm and 350 nm of the sample dissolved in alkali and the neutral sample. The results using the two independent methods are in agreement for milled wood lignin, for kraft lignin and for model compounds carrying one aromatic hydroxyl group. For modified lignins and for model compounds with more than one aromatic hydroxyl group, the UV method gives too low values for phenolic hydroxyl groups. The combined results obtained by the two methods however provide information of the total amount of the phenolic groups and of the nature of the phenolic structure formed by the lignin refining.
Analysis of Dielectric Post-Wall Waveguide-based Passive Circuits using Recurrent Neural Network (2022)

The dielectric post-wall waveguide-based passive circuits are analyzed using a surrogate model represented by an attention-based recurrent neural network. The predicted results from this much simpler, trained model show a good agreement with those obtained by a corresponding full-wave computational electromagnetics analysis with a fully independent EM commercial software package.
Acyl Sulfonamide Anti-Proliferatives:  Benzene Substituent Structure−Activity Relationships for a Novel Class of Antitumor Agents (2004)

Two closely related diaryl acylsulfonamides were recently reported as potent antitumor agents against a broad spectrum of human tumor xenografts (colon, lung, breast, ovary, and prostate) in nude mice. Especially intriguing was their activity against colorectal cancer xenografts. In this paper, rapid parallel synthesis along with traditional medicinal chemistry techniques were used to quickly delineate the structure-activity relationships of the substitution patterns in both phenyl rings of the acylsufonamide anti-proliferative scaffold. Although the molecular target of the compounds remains unclear, we determined that the vascular endothelial growth factor-dependent human umbilical vein endothelial cells assay in combination with a soft agar disk diffusion assay allowed for optimization of potency in the series. The pharmacokinetic properties and in vivo activity in an HCT116 xenograft model are reported for representative compounds.
MP27-20 CAN A SIMPLE PHONE CALL IMPROVE POST-URETEROSCOPY OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE? 6.3.6 (2020)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: A recent publication from our institution demonstrated that among the 12.6% of patients that return to the emergency department (ED) within 30 days of ureteroscopy (URS) for stone disease, approximately 60% have a history of psychiatric disease (PD). Small-scale quality improvement studies have suggested that postoperative nursing telephone calls reduce unplanned care encounters after URS for all patients. We sought to determine if a postoperative phone call by a urology nurse targeted to this high-risk group would reduce the rate of post-URS ED returns. METHODS: PD was defined as having a DSM-5 psychiatric diagnosis, a prescription for a psychoactive medication, or documentation by a clinician regarding the diagnosis and management of either. Our cohort was identified by prospectively screening the medical record of all patients undergoing URS for stone disease between August 2018 and August 2019. Patients with a history of chronic pain syndromes or substance abuse were excluded. Patients who met inclusion criteria were called by urology triage nurses between postoperative days 1-4. Nurses reviewed a standardized script with the patient and then used a templated form to document information regarding symptomatology and medication usage. Information regarding ED presentation was obtained by chart review, and outcomes were compared with our previously published retrospective population. RESULTS: At 12-months follow-up, 42% of 360 patients undergoing URS were identified as having PD. The overall 30-day ED return rate following URS for stone disease was 10.8%, and 56% of the patients who returned had PD. PD patients had an ED return rate of 14.4% (previously 16.7%), and 56% of these visits resulted in admission (previously 36%). The proportion of PD patients returning to the ED with a chief complaint of pain was 32%, whereas previously it was 46%. CONCLUSIONS: PD is a risk factor for post-op ED presentation and is prevalent in patients undergoing URS. Our findings demonstrate that phone calls targeted to these patients may lead to a reduction in 30-day ED returns for reasons that do not require admission, such as pain. Compared with our published retrospective data, the findings of this study reflected an overall reduction in ED returns for PD patients following initiation of postoperative phone calls. Source of Funding: NA
The H89 cAMP‐dependent protein kinase inhibitor blocks Plasmodium falciparum development in infected erythrocytes (2001)

In Plasmodium falciparum, the causative agent of human malaria, the catalytic subunit gene of cAMP-dependent protein kinase (Pfpka-c) exists as a single copy. Interestingly, its expression appears developmentally regulated, being at higher levels in the pathogenic asexual stages than in the sexual forms of parasite that are responsible for transmission to the mosquito vector. Within asexual parasites, PfPKA activity can be readily detected in schizonts. Similar to endogenous PKA activity of noninfected red blood cells, the parasite enzyme can be stimulated by cAMP and inhibited by protein kinase inhibitor.Importantly, ex vivo treatment of infected erythrocytes with the classical PKA-C inhibitor H89 leads to a block in parasite growth. This suggests that the PKA activities of infected red blood cells are essential for parasite multiplication. Finally, structural considerations suggest that drugs targeting the parasite, rather than the erythrocyte enzyme, might be developed that could help in the fight against malaria.
Computer Modelling Studies of the Covalent Interactions between DNA and the Enantiomers of anti-7,8-Diol,9,10-Epoxy-Benzo[a]pyrene (1983)

The molecular structures of adducts between the + and - enantiomers of 7,8-diol 9,10-epoxy benzo[a]pyrene and a double-stranded model for DNA, have been examined by empirical energy calculations. Low-energy structures were only obtained for A form, and not B form DNA. Both + and - adducts are of approximately equal energy. Some structural differences in the orientation of the BP chromophore in the two adducts were found.
A Dual-Polarization Silicon-Photonic Coherent Receiver Front-End Supporting 528 Gb/s/Wavelength (2023)

Supporting advanced modulation schemes such as 16 quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) in a high-speed transimpedance amplifier (TIA) requires minimizing noise and total harmonic distortion (THD) across gain settings and frequency. Accordingly, our automatically reconfigurable TIA reduces base resistor noise, gain peaking, phase margin (PM) degradation, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{T}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> degradation, operating on a single sense voltage and eliminating the need for multiple control loops. A collaborative offset and dc current cancellation technique is introduced to reduce offset-induced nonlinearity, while protecting the receiver (RX) against current overdrive. A prototype of the RX is fabricated on 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process and demonstrates a maximum gain of 75.5 dB <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> with 35.5 dB of dynamic range, 42-GHz bandwidth (BW), and a maximum gain averaged input-referred noise (IRN) of 18.5 pA/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sqrt {\text {Hz}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> . The silicon-photonic transceiver assembly incorporating four such RXs achieves 25-dB required optical signal to noise ratio (ROSNR) for received optical power between–22 and 1 dBm at 50 Gbaud, and aggregate data rate of 528 Gb/s/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 66 Gbaud and 25-dB ROSNR.
Study of the geometry of a radial passive magnetic bearing for application to a turbomolecular pump (1992)

Rodents' lifestyles vary in different environments, and to adapt to various lifestyles specific digestion strategies have been developed. Among these strategies, the morphology of the digestive tracts and the gut microbiota are considered to play the most important roles in such adaptations. However, how subterranean rodents adapt to extreme environments through regulating gut microbial diversity and morphology of the digestive tract has yet to be fully studied. Here, we conducted the comparisons of the gastrointestinal morphology, food intake, food assimilation, food digestibility and gut microbiota of plateau zokor <i>Eospalax baileyi</i> in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and laboratory rats <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> to further understand the survival strategy in a typical subterranean rodent species endemic to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Our results revealed that plateau zokor evolved an efficient foraging strategy with low food intake, high food digestibility, and ultimately achieved a similar amount of food assimilation to laboratory rats. The length and weight of the digestive tract of the plateau zokor was significantly higher than the laboratory rat. Particularly, the weight and length of the large intestine and cecum in plateau zokor is three times greater than that of the laboratory rat. Microbiome analysis showed that genus (i.e., <i>Prevotella</i>, <i>Oscillospira</i>, CF231, <i>Ruminococcus</i> and <i>Bacteroides</i>), which are usually associated with cellulose degradation, were significantly enriched in laboratory rats, compared to plateau zokor. However, prediction of metagenomic function revealed that both plateau zokor and laboratory rats shared the same functions in carbohydrate metabolism and energy metabolism. The higher digestibility of crude fiber in plateau zokor was mainly driven by the sizes of cecum and cecum tract, as well as those gut microbiota which associated with cellulose degradation. Altogether, our results highlight that both gut microbiota and the morphology of the digestive tract are vital to the digestion in wild rodents.
TolTEC focal plane arrays: design, characterization, and performance of kilopixel MKID focal planes (2020)

TolTEC is a 3-band millimeter-wave imaging polarimeter scheduled for deployment to the Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) in January 2020. TolTEC consists of three, kilopixel-scale, monolithic arrays of microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs), together comprising over 7,000 polarization sensitive detectors. Here we describe many of the unique aspects of the TolTEC all-silicon focal plane design. We then present both laboratory and fully integrated in-receiver measurements in the lab with which we characterize the optical, resonator, and noise properties of the arrays.
Atomic‐Resolution Imaging of the Nucleation Points of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Points of view: The nucleation points of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are visualized on the atomic scale. The atomic structure of both the catalysts and the SWNTs growing from them are seen by HRTEM (see Figure) for the first time. The growth pathway extracted from a TEM image sequence demonstrates a root mechanism in SWNT growth. A best assignment of (31,14) for the chirality is obtained by means of inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) analysis.
On the Learnability of Deep Random Networks (2019)

In this paper we study the learnability of deep random networks from both theoretical and practical points of view. On the theoretical front, we show that the learnability of random deep networks with sign activation drops exponentially with its depth. On the practical front, we find that the learnability drops sharply with depth even with the state-of-the-art training methods, suggesting that our stylized theoretical results are closer to reality.