gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
9‐Silafluorenyl Dichlorides as Chemically Ligating Coupling Agents and Their Application in Peptide Synthesis (2016)

Abstract A fundamentally simple, mild, and practical procedure for peptide bond formation is reported that employs a stoichiometric amount of easy‐to‐access 9‐silafluorenyl dichlorides as the coupling agent. Without initial preactivation or elaboration of the carboxylic acid or amine termini of the amino acids, the developed reagent is proposed to act through an unprecedented chemical ligation mechanism, bringing the two coupling partners together before being subsequently eliminated. The desired amides or peptide bonds are thus furnished in good yields and with low to no epimerization.
Prevalence and risk factors for Trichomonas foetus infection in cattle in northeastern Costa Rica (1992)

Two studies (one pilot and one cross-sectional) were conducted in the two main livestock-rearing areas of Costa Rica using an improved method (In-Pouch TF) for the detection of Trichomonas foetus infection in bulls. Herd prevalence rates of 6.7% (698) and 15.9% (1063), and bull prevalence rates of 3.9% (6153) and 6.2% (14225) were found in the pilot and cross-sectional studies, respectively. Adjusted prevalences in the cross-sectional study were 18.4% and 7.2% for aarms and bulls, respectively. Breed (Bos taurus) and age (over 4 years) were the main risk factors identified using random-effects logistics regression. The nature of the disease and the high prevalence indicated that trichomoniasis could have a serious economic impact on cattle production in Costa Rica.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 2‐(1‐Alkylpiperidin‐4‐yl)‐N‐ [(1R)‐1‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐methylpropyl]acetamide Derivatives as Novel Antihypertensive Agents. (2012)

Abstract Title compound (Ic) shows potent and specific inhibition of T‐type Ca 2+ channels and exerts an antihypertensive effect without associated reflex tachycardia when orally administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Supplementary Figure S1 from The CARMA3–Bcl10–MALT1 Signalosome Drives NFκB Activation and Promotes Aggressiveness in Angiotensin II Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AGTR1 expression in breast cancer specimens from METABRIC and TCGA, and in breast cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Field experiments on adaptive antenna array-beam forming with simultaneous path timing and its DOA estimations employing directive-beam reception for broadband CDMA packet access in reverse link (2005)

This paper presents field experimental results on an adaptive antenna array-beam forming (AAA-BF) receiver with that uses simultaneous estimations of received timings and direction of arrivals (DOAs) of Rake combining paths employing directive beam reception based on a pilot channel-assisted two-dimensional power profile in the reverse link for broadband DS-CDMA packet wireless access. Laboratory experimental results elucidate that path-independent weight generation is superior to path-common weight generation based on the implemented AAA-BF receiver in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel with up to eight paths. The required average received signal energy per bit-to-background noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub b//N/sub 0/) using path-common antenna weight generation is increased according to the increase in the angle spread among paths, /spl sigma/, since the antenna gain toward the DOA of each path is reduced. Nevertheless, the increase in the antenna gain according to the number of antennas is achieved by using path-independent antenna weight generation regardless of the /spl sigma/ value up to 20 degrees. Furthermore, the field experimental results show that the required average received signal to interference plus background noise power ratio (SINR) at the average block error rate (BLER) of 10/sup -2/ employing path-independent weight generation is reduced by approximately 3.5 dB compared to that using path-common weight generation for a large r.m.s. angle spread such as 9 degrees. In the field experiments, the required average received SINR at the average BLER of 10/sup -2/ using the AAA-BF receiver with path-independent antenna weight generation is reduced by approximately 6.0 dB compared to that with one-antenna reception, regardless of the angle spread values.
Reliable index of tumor targeting in RIT with 177Lu-J591 monoclonal antibody in patients with metastatic prostate cancer (2011)

1758 Objectives Based on clinical trials in patients with metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (metCRPC), we have previously demonstrated that radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with 177Lu-J591 monoclonal antibody (mAb) results in a significant decline of PSA levels and tumor burden (TB). We have used tumor targeting index (TTI) and TB to quantify tumor targeting. We want to identify which index (TBI or TB) is more reliable and predicts treatment response. Methods In phase I clinical trial, 14 patients with metCRPC received repeated RITs with 177Lu-J591 (2 doses, 15-60 mCi/m2, 20mg mAb), imaging studies were performed on day 5-8 in each RIT. TTI was calculated as tumor count intensity corrected for background and total body count intensities. TB was calculated as a product of tumor count and pixel. TTI and TB of consecutive images were analysed with correlation coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. In phase II clinical trial, 34 patients with metCRPC received RIT with 177Lu-J591 (single dose, 65-70 mCi/m2, 20mg mAb), imaging studies were performed on day 6-7. Decline of PSA levels in phase II trial were compared to TTI and TB. Results Correlation coefficients of TTI and TB were r2=0.74 (p Conclusions This study clearly documents that TTI is a reliable index to quantify tumor targeting and may potentially be useful to predict treatment response in RIT with 177Lu-J591 monoclonal antibody in patients with metCRPC
Mechanical Properties of Interphase Nuclei Probed by Cellular Strain Application (2008)

The mechanical properties of the interphase nucleus have important implications for cellular function and can reflect changes in nuclear envelope structure and/or chromatin organization. Mutations in the nuclear envelope proteins lamin A and C cause several human diseases, such as Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, and dramatic changes in nuclear stiffness have been reported in cells from lamin A/C-deficient mice. We have developed a cellular strain technique to measure nuclear stiffness in intact, adherent cells and have applied this experimental method to fibroblasts from mouse models of Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy and to skin fibroblasts from laminopathy patients and healthy control subjects. The experimental protocol is based on measuring induced nuclear deformations in cells plated on a flexible silicone substrate; the nuclear stiffness can subsequently be inferred from the ratio of induced nuclear strain to the applied membrane strain. These experiments reveal that lamins A and C are important determinants of nuclear stiffness and that lamin mutations associated with muscular dystrophies and other laminopathies often result in disturbed nuclear stiffness that could contribute to the tissue-specific disease phenotypes.
Argentina: Stereo-Radargrammetrc Analysis (1986)

Eachstereo modelwasmeasured onaspecially programmed photogrammetric analytical plotter; theresulting coordinates ofgroundpoints werecompared withthosefrommaps.Itis concluded thataccuracies arelowerthanexpected atthelarger stereointersection angles, amounting toabout±60m ineachcoordinate direction. Thismightbeexplained bylimitations ofthequality ofstereofusion causedbylookangle differences andspecular pointmigration,backscatter differences due to different incidence angles, differences inazimuth directions, andimagenoise andspeckle.
Providing a cloud network infrastructure on a supercomputer (2010)

Supercomputers and clouds both strive to make a large number of computing cores available for computation. More recently, similar objectives such as low-power, manageability at scale, and low cost of ownership are driving a more converged hardware and software. Challenges remain, however, of which one is that current cloud infrastructure does not yield the performance sought by many scientific applications. A source of the performance loss comes from virtualization and virtualization of the network in particular. This paper provides an introduction and analysis of a hybrid supercomputer software infrastructure, which allows direct hardware access to the communication hardware for the necessary components while providing the standard elastic cloud infrastructure for other components.
Use of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) with Polymers in Solar Cells (2014)

There is a clear need to make energy cheap, readily accessible and green, while ensuring its production does not contribute to further climate change. Of all the options available, photovoltaics offer the highest probability of delivering a meaningful and sustainable change in the way society produces its energy. One approach to the development of such photovoltaics involves the use of polymers. These systems offer the advantages of cheap production, flexibility (and hence a range of deployment opportunities) and tunability of light absorption. However, there are issues with polymer-based photovoltaic systems and one significant effort to improve these systems has involved the use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). This review will focus on those efforts. CNTs have been used in virtually every component of the devices to help charge conduction, improve electrode flexibility and in some cases as active light absorbing materials.
Understanding Phase Behavior of Nearly Energetically Equivalent Polymorphs To Achieve Controlled Crystallization for a Nav1.7 Pain Inhibitor Compound (2018)

GENE-A, a Nav1.7 inhibitor compound with analgesic activity, was developed as a crystalline anhydrate, for which two polymorphic forms, I and II, were discovered. The two forms were found to possess very similar free energies as determined experimentally with Form II being thermodynamically stable above 25 °C based on solubility measurements. A detailed solid-state characterization was conducted to determine the relative stability of these solid forms, and both thermodynamic and kinetic pathways (slurry bridging and crystallization) were evaluated. Form II was obtained as the final form in competitive slurries at RT. The outcome of crystallization experiments in terms of the solid form obtained was complicated and yielded variable results depending on the form of the starting material and that of the seeds. Form II was reproducibly obtained as the end product in unseeded experiments and in those with Form II as seeds and starting material, while Form I was obtained in all other seeded experiments. On the basis of the experimental data, a controlled crystallization strategy was developed, wherein Form II was used both as starting material and seeds to reproducibly obtain the desired form upon scale-up.
Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Constructed with Titanium Mesh and 3-D Array of TiO2 Nanotubes (2010)

We have designed and constructed dye sensitized solar cells based on new, 3-D configurations of TiO(2) nanotubes. The overall efficiency of our best cells is 5.0% under standard air mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) solar conditions, and the incident photon-to-current efficiency exceeds 60% over a broad part of the visible spectrum. Unlike prior nanotube-based cells where tubes are grown vertically in a 2-D array, the anodes of the present cells consist of tubes that extend radially in a 3-D array from a grid of fine titanium wires. The nanotubes are tens of micrometers in length, and the radial nature of the anode allows the photon absorption path length to exceed the electron transport distance (nanotube length). The cells are front-illuminated and do not require a transparent conductive oxide substrate at either the anode or cathode. The use of 3-D configured nanotubes and low-resistance titanium metal substrates are expected to enhance the performance and simplify the construction of large area dye-sensitized solar cells.
Characterization of Influenza Virus Pseudotyped with Ebolavirus Glycoprotein (2017)

We have produced a new Ebola virus pseudotype, E-S-FLU, that can be handled in biosafety level 1/2 containment for laboratory analysis. The E-S-FLU virus is a single-cycle influenza virus coated with Ebolavirus glycoprotein, and it encodes enhanced green fluorescence protein as a reporter that replaces the influenza virus hemagglutinin. MDCK-SIAT1 cells were transduced to express Ebolavirus glycoprotein as a stable transmembrane protein for E-S-FLU virus production. Infection of cells with the E-S-FLU virus was dependent on the Niemann-Pick C1 protein, which is the well-characterized receptor for Ebola virus entry at the late endosome/lysosome membrane. The E-S-FLU virus was neutralized specifically by an anti-Ebolavirus glycoprotein antibody and a variety of small drug molecules that are known to inhibit the entry of wild-type Ebola virus. To demonstrate the application of this new Ebola virus pseudotype, we show that a single laboratory batch was sufficient to screen a library (LOPAC<sup>1280</sup>; Sigma) of 1,280 pharmacologically active compounds for inhibition of virus entry. A total of 215 compounds inhibited E-S-FLU virus infection, while only 22 inhibited the control H5-S-FLU virus coated in H5 hemagglutinin. These inhibitory compounds have very dispersed targets and mechanisms of action, e.g., calcium channel blockers, estrogen receptor antagonists, antihistamines, serotonin uptake inhibitors, etc., and this correlates with inhibitor screening results obtained with other pseudotypes or wild-type Ebola virus in the literature. The E-S-FLU virus is a new tool for Ebola virus cell entry studies and is easily applied to high-throughput screening assays for small-molecule inhibitors or antibodies.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Ebola virus is in the <i>Filoviridae</i> family and is a biosafety level 4 pathogen. There are no FDA-approved therapeutics for Ebola virus. These characteristics warrant the development of surrogates for Ebola virus that can be handled in more convenient laboratory containment to study the biology of the virus and screen for inhibitors. Here we characterized a new surrogate, named E-S-FLU virus, that is based on a disabled influenza virus core coated with the Ebola virus surface protein but does not contain any genetic information from the Ebola virus itself. We show that E-S-FLU virus uses the same cell entry pathway as wild-type Ebola virus. As an example of the ease of use of E-S-FLU virus in biosafety level 1/2 containment, we showed that a single production batch could provide enough surrogate virus to screen a standard small-molecule library of 1,280 candidates for inhibitors of viral entry.
Text-based RL Agents with Commonsense Knowledge: New Challenges, Environments and Baselines (2021)

Text-based games have emerged as an important test-bed for Reinforcement Learning (RL) research, requiring RL agents to combine grounded language understanding with sequential decision making. In this paper, we examine the problem of infusing RL agents with commonsense knowledge. Such knowledge would allow agents to efficiently act in the world by pruning out implausible actions, and to perform look-ahead planning to determine how current actions might affect future world states. We design a new text-based gaming environment called TextWorld Commonsense (TWC) for training and evaluating RL agents with a specific kind of commonsense knowledge about objects, their attributes, and affordances. We also introduce several baseline RL agents which track the sequential context and dynamically retrieve the relevant commonsense knowledge from ConceptNet. We show that agents which incorporate commonsense knowledge in TWC perform better, while acting more efficiently. We conduct user-studies to estimate human performance on TWC and show that there is ample room for future improvement.
Search for association between suicide attempt and serotonergic polymorphisms (2000)

Serotonergic neurotransmission has been implicated in suicidal behavior. Polymorphisms in the genes coding for tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin receptor 2A and serotonin transporter were investigated in a sample of suicide attempters (n = 165) and healthy control subjects (n = 99). No significant differences were found for any of the investigated polymorphisms. Neither did any significant differences emerge in comparison with control subjects when the suicide attempters were grouped into different diagnostic categories: unipolar disorder (n = 45), adjustment disorder (n = 37), substance use disorder (n = 37) and personality disorder, cluster B (n = 36). The results suggest that alleles defined by the investigated polymorphisms do not represent a major determinant in suicide attempt. However, a highly significant (P = 0.001; odds ratio, 1.47; 99% confidence interval, 1.42-1.53) allelic association between tryptophan hydroxylase and suicide attempt is indicated after pooling our data with literature data. In light of previous data, a possible association between the tryptophan hydroxylase polymorphism and a phenotype that may become differently stratified within differently selected samples of suicide attempters is discussed.
Using Protein Microarrays to Study Cancer (2002)

Microarrays or "biochips" provide an efficient way to achieve a global molecular perspective of human disease. DNA microarrays have been used extensively to generate transcriptional fingerprints of cancer. More recently, high-throughput technique to study proteins have also been developed. Biochip-based microarrays containing spotted antigens or antibodies offer the ability to study protein-protein interactions, identify biomarkers, and study the humoral response to cancer. This review will focus on developments in the area of antigen and antibody microarrays and describe some of their applications to cancer research.
O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 controls tyrosine phosphorylation and oncogenic transcription in STAT5-dependent malignancies (2017)

The signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) regulates differentiation, survival, proliferation and transformation of hematopoietic cells. Upon cytokine stimulation, STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation (pYSTAT5) is transient, while in diverse neoplastic cells persistent overexpression and enhanced pYSTAT5 are frequently found. Post-translational modifications might contribute to enhanced STAT5 activation in the context of transformation, but the strength and duration of pYSTAT5 are incompletely understood. We found that O-GlcNAcylation and tyrosine phosphorylation act together to trigger pYSTAT5 levels and oncogenic transcription in neoplastic cells. The expression of a mutated hyperactive gain-of-function (GOF) STAT5 without O-GlcNAcylation resulted in decreased tyrosine phosphorylation, oligomerization and transactivation potential and complete loss of oncogenic transformation capacity. The lack of O-GlcNAcylation diminished phospho-ERK and phospho-AKT levels. Our data show that O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 is an important process that contributes to oncogenic transcription through enhanced STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation and oligomerization driving myeloid transformation. O-GlcNAcylation of STAT5 could be required for nutrient sensing and metabolism of cancer cells.
Expression of Gap Junctional Protein Connexins in Human Nasal Epithelium, and Its Contribution to Intercellular Calcium Signalling. (2000)

The purpose of this study was to elucidate what gap junctional protein connexins (Cxs) were expressed in human nasal mucosa and polyps, and to analyze the role of gap junctions in intercellular calcium waves elicited by mechanical stimulation in cultured human nasal epithelial cells. Immunoconfocal labeling in human nasal tissue showed that Cx26 was expressed between epithelial cells, whereas Cx43 existed in stromal cells. No specific immunolabeling for Cx32 was observed. The capacity of gap junctional intercellular communication in cultured nasal epithelial cells was tested by microinjection with Lucifer yellow, which was transferred into neighboring epithelial cells. To analyze intercellular propagation of calcium waves, cultured nasal epithelial cells were loaded with fluo−3/AM, and then treated with heptanol (a gap junction inhibitor) or suramin (a P2−purinergic receptor inhibitor). Both heptanol and suramin reduced intercellular propagation of the calcium wave to 65% and 66%, respectively. Our study indicates that chronic inflammation doesn’t significantly influence the pattern of connexin expression in human nasal mucosa, and suggests that calcium waves elicited by mechanical stimulation in cultured human nasal epithelium propagate between epithelial cells through at least two pathways, i.e, gap junctions and P2−purinergic receptors.
Inclusive J/ψ production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 5.02 TeV (2019)

A bstract Inclusive J /ψ production is studied in minimum-bias proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 5 . 02 TeV by ALICE at the CERN LHC. The measurement is performed at mid-rapidity ( |y| &lt; 0 . 9) in the dielectron decay channel down to zero transverse momentum p T , using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of L int = 19 . 4 ± 0 . 4 nb − 1 . The measured p T -integrated inclusive J /ψ production cross sec- tion is d σ/ d y = 5 . 64 ± 0 . 22(stat.) ± 0 . 33(syst.) ± 0 . 12(lumi.) μ b. The p T -differential cross section d 2 σ/ d p T d y is measured in the p T range 0–10 GeV /c and compared with state-of- the-art QCD calculations. The J /ψ 〈 p T 〉 and $$ \left\langle {p}_{\mathrm{T}}^2\right\rangle $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mfenced> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mfenced> </mml:math> are extracted and compared with results obtained at other collision energies.
Cost benefits and vehicle-to-grid regulation services of unidirectional charging of electric vehicles (2011)

The goal of this paper is to show that with proper power-draw scheduling and dynamic pricing, a unidirectional charger can provide cost benefits and regulation services to the grid. In this work, power scheduling aspects of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles are addressed. The use of electric vehicles (EVs) as demand response resources and unidirectional vehicle-to-grid benefits are investigated. Power draw can be scheduled with the EV charger in control of charging or via control by a utility or an aggregator. Charging cost functions suitable for charger- and utility-controlled power-draw scheduling are presented. Ancillary service levels possible with unidirectional vehicle-to-grid are quantified using different charging scenarios. Impacts of various power-draw schedules and vehicle participation as a demand-response resource on electricity prices are evaluated. These include cost benefits to both owners and load-serving entities. Ideas to encourage vehicle-to-grid participation are discussed.