gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1566 – The Relationship Between The 5-httlpr Gene, Major And Minor Life Events And Childhood Trauma And Depression, Anxiety And Suicidal Symptoms: a Clinical Study Among Adolescents (2013)

Life events (LEs) contribute to the development of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety and depression. Nevertheless, the power of the stress-affective disorders correlation is relatively low, suggesting the existence of moderating and mediating factors (Liu et al., 2000). Caspi et al. (2003), showed a mediating effect for short allele in the 5-HTTLPR gene to be a vulnerability factor for developing affective reaction towards life events. The present study t aimed to examine the intensity of anxiety, depression and suicidal symptoms within a clinical population as a function of the genetic vulnerability and LEs variables, focusing on adolescents. The sample consisted of 146 adolescents, aged from 11 to 18 years, 54 with main diagnosis of depression, 38 with anxiety disorder and 54 healthy control group. A post-hoc analysis yielded that only for the anxiety group, but not for the depressive group, the correlation between early trauma and the suicidal ideation is dependent on genetic vulnerability. As such, only for those who suffer from anxiety disorder who also have two short alleles (ss), the existence of childhood trauma predicts more suicidality that accompany their affective disorder., while for those with two long alleles, or for those with depression, this linkage does not have significance.
Grb2 Is Important for T Cell Development, Th Cell Differentiation, and Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (2016)

The small adaptor protein growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (Grb2) modulates and integrates signals from receptors on cellular surfaces in inner signaling pathways. In murine T cells, Grb2 is crucial for amplification of TCR signaling. T cell-specific Grb2(fl/fl) Lckcre(tg) Grb2-deficient mice show reduced T cell numbers due to impaired negative and positive selection. In this study, we found that T cell numbers in Grb2(fl/fl) CD4cre(tg) mice were normal in the thymus and were only slightly affected in the periphery. Ex vivo analysis of CD4(+) Th cell populations revealed an increased amount of Th1 cells within the CD4(+) population of Grb2(fl/fl) CD4cre(tg) mice. Additionally, Grb2-deficient T cells showed a greater potential to differentiate into Th17 cells in vitro. To test whether these changes in Th cell differentiation potential rendered Grb2(fl/fl) CD4cre(tg) mice more prone to inflammatory diseases, we used the murine Th1 cell- and Th17 cell-driven model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In contrast to our expectations, Grb2(fl/fl) CD4cre(tg) mice developed a milder form of EAE. The impaired EAE disease can be explained by the reduced proliferation rate of Grb2-deficient CD4(+) T cells upon stimulation with IL-2 or upon activation by allogeneic dendritic cells, because the activation of T cells by dendritic cells and the subsequent T cell proliferation are known to be crucial factors for the induction of EAE. In summary, Grb2-deficient T cells show defects in T cell development, increased Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation capacities, and impaired proliferation after activation by dendritic cells, which likely reduce the clinical symptoms of EAE.
Biochemical characterization of Australia antigen. Evidence for defective particles of hepatitis B virus. (1975)

Australia antigen exists in the sera of chronic carriers in several particulate forms, one of which may represent the virion of hepatitis B. This report describes the existence of subpopulations of these 43-nm particles, the Dane particles, on the basis of the staining properties of their internal cores and banding characteristics in cesium chloride (CsCl) density gradients. These data suggested that only a minor proportion of Dane particles contained an intact viral genome and represent the standard infectious virus of hepatitis B. The bulk of the Dane particles appeared to be deficient in viral nucleic acid and, as defective interfering particles, may specifically interfere with the growth of standard virus. Such defective interfering particles could thereby play a role in the persistence of HBV infection in man.
Influence of Aging and Environment on Nanoparticle Chemistry: Implication to Confinement Effects in Nanoceria (2012)

The oxidation state switching of cerium in cerium oxide nanoparticles is studied in detail. The influence of synthesis medium, aging time and local environment on the oxidation state switching, between +3 and + 4, is analyzed by tracking the absorption edge using UV-Visible spectroscopy. It is observed that by tuning the local environment, the chemistry of the nanoparticles could be altered. These time dependent, environmentally induced changes likely contribute to inconsistencies in the literature regarding quantum-confinement effects for ceria nanoparticles. The results in this article indicate that there is a need to carry out comprehensive analysis of nanoparticles while considering the influence of synthesis and processing conditions, aging time and local environment.
Factors Affecting Squeaking in Metal on Metal Hip Resurfacings (2014)

We reviewed 380 hip resurfacings cases between December 1999 and Dec 2012. 11 cases (2.89%) squeaked postoperatively. Mean follow-up was 88.6 months (19-130 months). Mean time to squeak was 11.3 months (3-22 months). Ten (91%) cases were male and nine (81%) cases had a Birmingham hip resurfacing. Cases were matched for age, gender, BMI and implant to three controls. Radiographs were analysed using EBRA (Einzel-Bild-Roentgen-Analysis, University of Innsbruck, Austria) software to evaluate cup orientation. There was no significant difference between the mean inclination angle of the cups (p = 0.26) or the mean anteversion angle (p = 0.29). There was no difference in serum cobalt (p = 0.20) or serum chromium (p = 0.45) levels at latest follow-up. Three of the 11 (27.3%) cases had revision surgery at a mean follow-up of 101 months (72-117 months). Squeaking was not influenced by patient demographic parameters and resolved in all cases that did not undergo revision surgery. Males with a resurfacing head size <50 mm had significantly increased odds of squeaking when compared to controls (odds ratio = 26.6; 95% CI = 1.2-573.3; p<0.05). Based on our findings, we do not recommend that squeaking on its own should be an indication for revision of hip resurfacing components.
A character projection low energy electron beam direct writing system for device of small production lot with a variety of design (2006)

A character projection (CP)-type, low energy, electron beam direct writing (EBDW) system, for quick-turn-around-time and mask-less device fabrications of small production lots featuring a variety of designs has been developed. This system, named the EBIS (Electron Beam Integrated System), can satisfy a set of requirements for EBDWs, including higher throughput and mask-less exposure. A standardized CP aperture method that enables reduction in the number of EB shots without frequent aperture making has been applied as a means for attaining effective CP and mask-less fabrication. This breakthrough was able to be realized only by using low energy EB with the advantage of the free proximity effect. To resolve critical low energy EB issues, a compact EB column, equipped with monolithic deflectors and lenses for restricting beam blur caused by Coulomb interaction, was developed and put to use. Sufficient resolution, corresponding to 100 nm L/S patterns, was attained by using a thin-layered resist process. As the mark detection method, voltage contrast imaging using a micro channel plate was used. This method made it possible to detect buried marks when using low energy EB. The authors are currently verifying the basic performance of this EBIS. This paper outlines and discusses geometrical details and performance data of this system.
Effects of ultraviolet exposure on silicon nitride and its application in tuning passive photonic devices (2023)

Silicon nitride films with different compositions are exposed to ultraviolet light using both an LED and a laser as light sources (with a wavelength of 244 nm and 265 nm, respectively). Collected data suggests a decrease in refractive index following the exposure, and this can be used for permanently tuning the response of passive photonic devices. The effects of ultraviolet illumination on the material are studied combining observations of the change in the response of the photonic devices and analysis of exposed films.
HIV‐Specific T Helper Responses and Frequency of Exposure among HIV‐Exposed Seronegative Female Sex Workers in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire (2004)

These findings demonstrate that the presence of HIV-specific T helper cells in ESN FSWs is associated with the frequency, rather than the duration, of exposure to HIV. The data may have important implications for the evaluation of HIV vaccine efficacy.
Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization of a Labeled, Cancer‐Targeting DNA Aptamer (2023)

Enhancing NMR signals of biomacromolecules by hyperpolarization offers exciting opportunities for diagnostic applications. However, their hyperpolarization via parahydrogen remains challenging as specific catalytic interactions are required, which are difficult to tune due to the large size of the biomolecule and its insolubility in organic solvents. Herein, we show the unprecedented hyperpolarization of the cancer-targeting DNA aptamer AS1411. By screening different molecular motifs for an unsaturated label in nucleosides and in DNA oligomers, we were able to identify structural prerequisites for the hyperpolarization of AS1411. Finally, adjusting the polarity of AS1411 by complexing the DNA backbone with amino polyethylene glycol chains allowed the hydrogenation of the label with parahydrogen while the DNA structure remains stable to maintain its biological function. Our results are expected to advance hyperpolarized molecular imaging technology for disease detection in the future.
Analysis of peptide binding patterns in different major histocompatibility complex/T cell receptor complexes using pigeon cytochrome c-specific T cell hybridomas. Evidence that a single peptide binds major histocompatibility complex in different conformations. (1989)

The interaction of TCR, antigen, and MHC complex has been analyzed using synthetic peptide antigens and a series of single amino acid-substituted analogues. Two similar antigens, mouse cytochrome c (mcyt c) and pigeon cytochrome c (pcyt c), elicit T cell responses in strains of mice bearing MHC class II Ek beta Ek alpha (B10.A), Eb beta Ek alpha [B10.A(5R)], and Es beta Ek alpha [B10.S(9R)]. The immunogenic regions of these antigens are located in the peptide sequence p88-104 for pcyt c and m88-103 for mcyt c. The limited T cell repertoire for these antigens is comprised of four groups of T cell phenotypes that have very few differences in their TCR gene make up. In this paper, we examine the diversity in their fine specificity for each of the antigens, m88-103 and p88-104, complexed with each of the I-Ek haplotypes. Epitopes, i.e., residues that interact with the TCR, and agretopes, i.e., residues in the MHC-binding site, were assigned for the two peptide antigens in the presence of APC bearing E beta kEk alpha, Eb beta Ek alpha, or Eb beta Ek alpha using T cell hybridomas of the phenotypes I, IIIa, and IV. From our results, we conclude that first, the substitution of any residue between 95 and 104 of the cytochrome c peptide changed the antigenic potency of the peptide for at least one of the hybridomas. Second, each T cell type has a different recognition pattern of epitopes and agretopes for a particular antigen-MHC complex, thus, ruling out a static model of T cell recognition, which assigns certain, invariant agretopic residues to the peptide by which it interacts with the MHC molecule independently of the TCR. Third, the same T cell hybridoma responded to the antigens differently when presented on various MHC molecules, implying that overall changes in the MHC groove, as displayed by the three haplotypes, may affect the efficiency in binding the peptide. Fourth, since most of the residues are used as epitopes by at least one of the T cell specificities, the peptide appears to be recognized in a different conformation by each T cell hybridoma phenotype; and, finally, the epitopic and agretopic residues do not segregate, for any one of the T cell specificities, in such a way that suggests they are recognized in a helical conformation. In summary, our results suggest that a single peptide may generate diversity in the T cell response by virtue of its conformational flexibility within the TCR-MHC-antigen complex.
Acute Agonist-mediated Desensitization of the Human α1a-Adrenergic Receptor Is Primarily Independent of Carboxyl Terminus Regulation (2002)

Despite important roles in myocardial hypertrophy and benign prostatic hyperplasia, little is known about acute effects of agonist stimulation on alpha(1a)-adrenergic receptor (alpha(1a)AR) signaling and function. Regulatory mechanisms are likely complex since 12 distinct human alpha(1a)AR carboxyl-terminal splice variants have been isolated. After determining the predominance of the alpha(1a-1)AR isoform in human heart and prostate, we stably expressed an epitope-tagged alpha(1a-1)AR cDNA in rat-1 fibroblasts and subsequently examined regulation of signaling, phosphorylation, and internalization of the receptor. Human alpha(1a)AR-mediated inositol phosphate signaling is acutely desensitized in response to both agonist and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) exposure. Concurrent with desensitization, alpha(1a)ARs in (32)P(i)-labeled cells are rapidly phosphorylated in response to both NE and PMA stimulation. Despite the ability of PKC to desensitize alpha(1a)ARs when directly activated with PMA, inhibitors of PKC have no effect on agonist-mediated desensitization. In contrast, involvement of GRK kinases is suggested by the ability of GRK2 to desensitize alpha(1a)ARs. Internalization of cell surface alpha(1a)ARs also occurs in response to agonist stimulation (but not PKC activation), but is initiated more slowly than receptor desensitization. Significantly, deletion of the alpha(1a)AR carboxyl terminus has no effect on receptor internalization or either agonist-induced or GRK-mediated receptor desensitization. Because mechanisms underlying acute agonist-mediated regulation of human alpha(1a)ARs are primarily independent of the carboxyl terminus, they may be common to all functional alpha(1a)AR isoforms.
Supplementary Figure 16 from Aging of Preleukemic Thymocytes Drives CpG Island Hypermethylation in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 16&lt;/p&gt;
Immune Regulatory Properties Are a Common Feature Of Stem Cells (2013)

Abstract Allogeneic stem cell-based therapy is a promising tool for the treatment of a range of human degenerative and inflammatory diseases. Many reports highlighted the immune modulatory properties of some stem cell (SC) types, such as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), but a comparative study with SCs of different origin, to assess whether immune regulation is a general SC property, is still lacking. To this aim, we applied highly standardized methods employed for MSC characterization to compare the immunological properties of bone marrow-MSCs, olfactory ecto-mesenchymal stem cells, leptomeningeal stem cells, and three different c-Kit-positive SC types, i.e. amniotic fluid SCs, cardiac SCs, and lung SCs. We found that all the analyzed human SCs share a common pattern of immunological features, in terms of expression of activation markers, modulatory activity towards immune effector cells, immunogenicity and molecular inhibitory pathways, with some SC type-related peculiarities. In addition, we found that the inhibitory behaviour is not a constitutive property of SCs, but is acquired as a consequence of immune effector cell activation, as previously described for MSCs. Thus, immune regulation is a general property of stem cells and the characterization of this phenomenon may be useful for a proper therapeutical use of SCs. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Mangosteen Metabolites as Promising Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor Candidates: In Silico and In Vitro Evaluations (2022)

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by raised glucose levels in the blood, resulting in grave damage over time to various body organs, including the nerves, heart, kidneys, eyes, and blood vessels. One of its therapeutic treatment approaches involves the inhibition of enzymes accountable for carbohydrate digestion and absorption. The present work is aimed at evaluating the potential of some reported metabolites from <i>Garcinia mangostana</i> (mangosteen, Guttiferae) as alpha-amylase inhibitors. Forty compounds were assessed for their capacity to inhibit alpha-amylase using in silico studies as well as in vitro assays. Molecular docking was carried out to analyze their binding capacities in the 3D structure of alpha-amylase (PDB ID: 4GQR). Among the tested compounds, 6-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2,4,6,3',4',6'-hexahydroxybenzophenone (<b>8</b>), aromadendrin-8-C-glucoside (<b>5</b>), epicatechin (<b>6</b>), rhodanthenone (<b>4</b>), and garcixanthone D (<b>40</b>) had a high XP G.score and a Glide G.score of -12.425, -11.855, -11.135, and -11.048 Kcal/mol, respectively. Compound <b>8</b> possessed the XP and Glide docking score of -12.425 Kcal/mol compared to the reference compounds myricetin and acarbose which had an XP and Glide docking score of -12.319 and 11.201 Kcal/mol, respectively. It interacted through hydrogen bond formations between its hydroxyl groups and the residues His 101, Asp 197, Glu 233, Asp 300, and His 305, in addition to water bridges and hydrophobic interactions. Molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) was used to calculate the binding free energy and molecular dynamic studies that indicated the stability of the alpha-amylase-compound <b>8</b> complex during the 100 ns simulation in comparison with myricetin- and acarbose-alpha-amylase complexes. Additionally, the in vitro alpha-amylase inhibition assay findings validated the in silico study's findings. This could further validate the potential of <i>G. mangostana</i> as a candidate for diabetes management.
Closed-Chest Ablation of Retrograde Conduction in Patients with Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia (1989)

We applied a new technique of catheter ablation to treat atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia and preserve anterograde conduction, performing this procedure in 21 patients with repetitive episodes of tachycardia refractory to antiarrhythmic drugs. Using atrial activation in the His-bundle lead as a reference, we selected the optimal site of ablation by positioning an electrode catheter so that atrial activation occurred simultaneously with or earlier than the reference activation during tachycardia. At this site, the His-bundle deflection was completely absent or was present only at a low amplitude (less than 0.1 mV). In the majority of patients, these criteria could be met by withdrawing the catheter 5 to 10 mm from the site of the His-bundle recording (adjacent to the reference catheter). Shocks of 160 or 240 J were delivered at this site (cumulative energy [mean +/- SD], 689 +/- 442 J). Treatment resulted in preferential abolition or impairment of retrograde nodal conduction. Anterograde conduction, although modified, was preserved in 19 patients; complete heart block persisted in 2 patients. Sixteen patients remained free of arrhythmia, without medication or implantation of a pacemaker, for a mean follow-up period of 14 +/- 8 months (range, 7 to 42). Tachycardia was not inducible in 14 patients in a follow-up electrophysiologic study performed 3.6 +/- 6 months after the procedure. We conclude that catheter ablation is an effective alternative for the treatment of atrioventricular nodal tachycardia in patients with drug-resistant tachycardia.
Drivers and Motivation for 5G (2019)

This chapter will address the drivers and motivation for 5G. It will also provide insights into 5G use cases, requirements from various sources (i.e. International Telecommunication Union-Radio Sector (ITU-R), regional, global requirements) and its ability to enable new services. In addition, it will touch on the business models enabled with the new radio and architecture principles. Furthermore, it will provide insights into the Standards Developing Organization (SDOs) and organizations involved in developing 5G radio and architecture.
CAR dry etching technology to produce 0.13-μm reticle (2002)

Process optimizations have been done to carried out xon '0.13micrometers ' reticle manufacturing with feature sizes of under 520nm. Micro-leading < 10nm and CD uniformity (3S) < 10nm process for binary Cr reticle can be achieved with dry etching process using chemical amplify resists blanks. HL-950 writer with resist films of 400nm and dy etching with Centura system were adopted for the purpose. It has shown that by optimizing selectivity window in Centura system without assistant gas addition, one could improve the process capability significantly. Design of experiment was applied to investigating the effects of source power, bias power and total pressure on CD uniformity, Micro-loading, Linearity and Process bias. With the DOE results, the process conditions could be fine-tuned to an optimal set of variables, which allow us to manufacture 0.13 micrometers masks.
Phytochemical analysis of biological active methanolic extract of cultivated Pelargonium graveolens using countercurrent chromatography conjugated with sephadex column (2013)

Pelargonium graveolens L'Hér. is an important cultivated, aromatic plant with a high worldwide production. It's essential oil has several important applications in aromatotherapy and traditional medicine. Although the essential oil has been extensively studied, there are limited works regarding its polar constituents. Recently a research article showed that both non- and polar extracts exhibit antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and could be considered as an alternative to 'synthetic food preservatives1. Countercurrent chromatography (CCC) has become an important tool for the modern phytochemical analysis, while the easy and effective scaling-up capabilities enable its industrial exploitation. In the current study the methanolic extract of P. graveolens was investigated. 400 mg of phenolic part obtained from the crude extract using resin Amberline XAD-4 were fractionated by FCPC using EtOAc/ButOH/H2O (10:5:15, v/v/v) biphasic system and subsequently the selected fractions were submitted to CC using sephadex LH-20. As a result, 3 simple phenolic compounds and 11 flavonoid derivatives were isolated and identified. The structure elucidation of isolated metabolites was confirmed by NMR and HRMS techniques. Additionally, five flavonoid glucosides, present as minor constitutes in the extract, where determined via UHPLC-UV/DAD-ESI-HRMS analysis. It is important to note that the main compounds of the methanolic extract were rutin and quercetin 3-O-(2-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside. To our knowledge, this is the first complete phytochemical analysis of the polar content of P. graveolens and the first separation procedure including CCC employment regarding the genus Pelargonium. In conclusion, the polar fraction of rose-scented geranium is a rich source of compounds with high antioxidant capacity and CCC could be efficiently utilized for scaling-up and commercial application.