gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficiency-optimized flux trajectories for closed cycle operation of field oriented induction machine drives (2003)

A structured design procedure for system integration is presented. A dynamic programming scheme is developed which optimizes efficiency of an induction-machine drive which is operated in closed-cycle and which has both control and state constraints. Application of rotor-flux feed-forward field-orientation control for an induction machine reduces the system equations to contain only three state variables: rotor flux, velocity, and position. Maximum stator current and rotor velocity are set as constraints. Saturation effects are modelled to provide a state-dependent constraint on the rotor-flux magnitude. Load is treated as a function of the rotor position, which is appropriate for many mechanical system applications. To optimize efficiency for closed-cycle operation of the motor, both machine losses as well as the cycle time must be minimized using an appropriate objective function. State trajectories of the system that simultaneously optimize machine efficiency and cycle time are found by dynamic programming. Flux trajectories for the optimal solution are found to vary significantly over the machine cycle. The validity of the energy optimization is investigated experimentally on a feedforward, field-oriented induction machine.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
E3311 trial of transoral surgery for oropharynx cancer: Implementation of a novel surgeon credentialing and quality assurance process. (2016)

6054 Background: ECOG-ACRIN (E3311) examines the role of transoral head and neck surgery in treatment deintensification for stage III/IV p16+ oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Patients with lateralized, resectable T1-T2 OPC and N1-N2b with no matted nodes undergo transoral resection and neck dissection, followed by risk-based adjuvant therapy. Intermediate risk patients [negative margins, N2 ± extranodal extension (ENE) ≤ 1mm] are randomized to 50Gy vs. 60Gy radiation. We established credentialing criteria and ongoing quality assurance (QA) for transoral surgeons wishing to accrue to E3311. Methods: Each surgeon attests to experience of > 20 cases of transoral resection of OPC, using either transoral robotic or laser microsurgery. Surgeons then submit paired surgical pathology and operative reports for 10 transoral resections within the past 24 months. Nine experienced head and neck surgeons established criteria for approval, review case submissions, on-hold status and ongoing QA. Positive margin(s) were permitted on only 1 of 10 cases during initial credentialing or while accruing to E3311. Results: Since 2013, 107 surgeons applied for credentialing. After peer-review, 71 surgeons were credentialed for E3311 at 51 different centers, with 49 surgeons having accrued > 1 and 31 having accrued ≥ 3 patients (accrual per surgeon 1-24, median = 4). Twelve surgeons were asked to provide additional, replacement cases, where histology or margin status was unclear or deemed insufficient during review. Of these, 10 were approved upon re-review. Two surgeons withdrew their applications, and 22 have not submitted cases for credentialing review. Ongoing QA has led to review of two surgeons with positive margin(s) in their first 5 cases. The composite QA stopping rule of 22% combining grade III/IV bleeding and positive margins was not met during planned DSMC review (August 2015), with 8% grade III/IV bleed rate and 3% positive margins. Conclusions: Initial surgeon credentialing and ongoing QA results in low rates of positive margins and grade III/IV oral bleeding rates in a multicenter trial of transoral surgery. Clinical trial information: NCT01898494.
Ferromagnetism and structural distortions induced in atomized Fe-AI (35–42 at.% AI) powder particles by cold milling (1999)

Abstract Micrometre-sized particles of Fe1−x Al x (x = 0.35 − 0.42) powder prepared by the atomizing method have been investigated by magnetization measurement and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. As-atomized particles are paramagnetic and they consist of a few grains of the B2 structure. Cold milling for several hours magnetizes the particles to a spontaneous magnetization as great as 100emu g−1. The milled particles become flakes composed of lamellae, expanding parallel to the (110) plane and having a heavily distorted lattice. The lamella has a mosaic structure consisting of nanometre-sized grains whose boundaries are frequently antiphase with large numbers of Fe-Fe nearest couplings, which may be at the origin of ferromagnetism in cold-worked powders. When the milled powder is heated for a time as short as 1 min at 100–400°C, the lattice distortion is relaxed by recrystallization of the nano-grains. the lamella being kept, and consequently the magnetization decreases to a few emu g−1.
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in myocardial disease (2010)

31-phosphorous ((31)P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a technique that allows the noninvasive characterization of the biochemical and metabolic state of the myocardium in vivo. MRS is a pure form of molecular imaging using magnetic resonance signals from nuclei with nuclear spin to assess cardiac metabolism without the need for external radioactive tracers. (31)P MRS provides information on the underlying metabolic abnormalities that are fundamental to common conditions including ischemic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertrophy and valvular disease. (31)P MRS could potentially also have a role to play in assessing response to therapy as well as the effectiveness of metabolic modulating agents. However, the use of MRS is currently limited to research due to its poor reproducibility, low spatial and temporal resolution, and long acquisition times. With technical advances in both the spectrometers and postprocessing, MRS is likely to play a role in the future of multimodal noninvasive cardiac assessment.
Toxicity of Particulate Silicon Carbide for Macrophages, Fibroblasts and Osteoblast-like Cells In Vitro (1995)

There is widespread interest in the use of interfacial layers in the preparation of diamond and diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings. These DLC coatings deposited onto metal substrates with a silicon carbide (SiC) interfacial layer exhibit improved adhesion and show promise as wear-retardant coatings for biomedical implants. Although the DLC coatings show excellent biocompatibility in vitro, they may be susceptible to damage within the biological environment, leading to exposure of the interfacial silicon carbide. We have investigated the effects of two forms of silicon carbide (alpha-SiC and beta-SiC) on macrophages, fibroblasts and bone cells in vitro. Both alpha- and beta-SiC are well-tolerated by cells at concentrations of up to 0.1 mg/ml but cause severe cytotoxicity at a concentration of 1 mg/ml. If SiC is to be used as an interfacial layer on biomedical implants, the quality of the DLC coating must be optimised to minimise the risk of film breakdown.
Fundamental Manufacturing Process Innovation Changes the World (2020)

We describe fundamental manufacturing process innovation (FMPI) and show that it is central to technological and societal progress. We identify the mechanisms by which FMPI occurs and also explain why it is frequently overlooked and/or misunderstood. By analyzing eight such innovations that shaped the modern world, we highlight the scope of FMPI and reveal its common characteristics. We aim to stimulate a conversation about FMPI, assess its frequency and range of impact, and consider methods for incentivizing it in the future.
Time-resolved emission characteristics of Bi/Er codoped fiber for ultra-broadband applications (2013)

We fabricated several Bi/Er co-doped, Al activated fibers with different doping compositions. Their luminescence and lifetime characteristics of relevant active centers pumped by 532, 815 and 1064 nm wavelengths were measured and analyzed.
Non-destructive, label-free metabolic mapping during stem cell differentiation (2013)

Quantitative two-photon fluorescence imaging methods to detect stem cell differentiation using the optical redox ratio of FAD/(NADH+FAD) are validated and the underlying mechanisms that drive changes in these metabolic cofactors are elucidated.
A flexible algorithm framework for closed-loop neuromodulation research systems (2013)

Modulation of neural activity through electrical stimulation of tissue is an effective therapy for neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Researchers are exploring improving therapy through adjustment of stimulation parameters based upon sensed data. This requires classifiers to extract features and estimate patient state. It also requires algorithms to appropriately map the state estimation to stimulation parameters. The latter, known as the control policy algorithm, is the focus of this work. Because the optimal control policy algorithms for the nervous system are not fully characterized at this time, we have implemented a generic control policy framework to facilitate exploratory research and rapid prototyping of new neuromodulation strategies.
Quasi-coherent thermal emitter based on refractory plasmonic materials (2015)

The thermal emission of refractory plasmonic metamaterial - a titanium nitride 1D grating - is studied at high operating temperature (540 degrees C). By choosing a refractory material, we fabricate thermal gratings with high brightness that are emitting mid-infrared radiation centered around 3 mu m. We demonstrate experimentally that the thermal excitation of plasmon-polariton on the surface of the grating produces a well-collimated beam with a spatial coherence length of 32 lambda (angular divergence of 1.8 degrees) which is quasi-monochromatic with a full width at half maximum of 70 nm. These experimental results show good agreement with a numerical model based on a two-dimensional full-wave analysis in frequency domain. (C)2015 Optical Society of America
Hybrid MU-MIMO Precoding Based on K-Means User Clustering (2019)

Multi-User (MU) Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems have been extensively investigated over the last few years from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The low complexity Linear Precoding (LP) schemes for MU-MIMO are already deployed in Long-Term Evolution (LTE) networks; however, they do not work well for users with strongly-correlated channels. Alternatives to those schemes, like Non-Linear Precoding (NLP), and hybrid precoding schemes were proposed in the standardization phase for the Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) 5G New Radio (NR). NLP schemes have better performance, but their complexity is prohibitively high. Hybrid schemes, which combine LP schemes to serve users with separable channels and NLP schemes for users with strongly-correlated channels, can help reduce the computational burden, while limiting the performance degradation. Finding the optimum set of users that can be co-scheduled through LP schemes could require an exhaustive search and, thus, may not be affordable for practical systems. The purpose of this paper is to present a new semi-orthogonal user selection algorithm based on the statistical K-means clustering and to assess its performance in MU-MIMO systems employing hybrid precoding schemes.
Erratum: Inverse Fourier transform technique to determine second-order optical nonlinearity spatial profiles [Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1362 (2003)] (2003)

First Page
Analysis of GNSS correction data standards for the automotive market (2019)

In this paper, a new standard that has been developed by Sapcorda Services to target the specific requirements of high-precision GNSS technology in the automotive and mass market industry is assessed within the context of existing data standards. This new standard was created as a joint effort of several organizations and has similarities with the Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services (RTCM) v3 standard and compact state-space representation messages (CSSR). However, it has different message design rules that specifically target automotive and mass market sectors. Results indicate significant reduction in bandwidth usage particularly for the atmosphere component, as the new format consumes 15% less bandwidth compared with the all-purpose existing formats, increased end-to-end positioning performance, and integrity, as well as flexibility for future growth of GNSS correction services.
Exploring Discrete Mathematics With Maple (1996)

From the Publisher:
This is the first supplement in discrete mathematics to concentrate on the computational aspects of the computer algebra system Maple. Detailed instructions for the use of Maple are included in an introductory chapter and in each subsequent chapter. Each chapter includes discussion of selected Computational and Exploration exercises in the corresponding chapter of Ken Rosen's text Discrete Math and It's Applications,Third Edition. New exercises and projects are included in each chapter to encourage further exploration of discrete mathematics using Maple. All of the Maple code in this supplement is available online via the Waterloo Maple Web site,in addition to new Maple routines that have been created which extend the current capabilities of Maple.
Molecular determinants of nuclear receptor-corepressor interaction (1999)

Retinoic acid and thyroid hormone receptors can act alternatively as ligand-independent repressors or ligand-dependent activators, based on an exchange of N-CoR or SMRT-containing corepressor complexes for coactivator complexes in response to ligands. We provide evidence that the molecular basis of N-CoR recruitment is similar to that of coactivator recruitment, involving cooperative binding of two helical interaction motifs within the N-CoR carboxyl terminus to both subunits of a RAR-RXR heterodimer. The N-CoR and SMRT nuclear receptor interaction motifs exhibit a consensus sequence of LXX I/H I XXX I/L, representing an extended helix compared to the coactivator LXXLL helix, which is able to interact with specific residues in the same receptor pocket required for coactivator binding. We propose a model in which discrimination of the different lengths of the coactivator and corepressor interaction helices by the nuclear receptor AF2 motif provides the molecular basis for the exchange of coactivators for corepressors, with ligand-dependent formation of the charge clamp that stabilizes LXXLL binding sterically inhibiting interaction of the extended corepressor helix.
2-C-Hydroxymethyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-D-ribono-1,5-lactam. Corrigendum (2010)

The name of one of the authors in the paper by Newton et al. [Acta Cryst. (2004), E60, o909-o910] is corrected.[This corrects the article on p. o909 in vol. 60.].
Threat Space of L1/L2OF and L1/L3OC GLONASS Signals in Accordance with ICAO Threat Model (2022)

Determining the GLONASS signal threat space is necessary for the operation of the signal quality monitor, which is a part of the station that generates differential corrections for these signals. To account for the threat effects on the signal, known as the Evil Waveform (EWF), a model recommended by ICAO is used. The thresholds for the EWF detection are determined according to the established limiting errors of differential measurements. The measuring path of the navigation receiver of the station is represented by a serial connection of a pre-correlation filter, including an antenna, and a tracking loop correlator, the discriminator of which is used to estimate the EWF error. Four types of filters with their numerical parameters and several values of the discrimination S-curve width are considered, which made it possible to obtain the results of the EWF impact for 84 variants of the path configuration for each signal. The maximum range of change in the values ??of the model parameters among all options, when the error exceeded the threshold, determined the desired threat space for each signal. It is concluded that the wider the signal spectrum, the smaller is its threat space. The presented way of determining the threat space is applicable to other signals of navigation systems.
Scaling Optical Networking Technologies for Next Generation SDM (2018)

1. Network traffic growth remains strong Sold WDM transponder capacity scales at ∼45% Scaling is widely supported by compute, storage, access scaling Optical transport is significantly falling behind → Worrisome scaling disparities (“Capacity Crunch”) 2. Parallelism is mandatory log(SNR) scaling vs. linear (pre-log) multiplexing gains 3. By 2025 we will need 10T interfaces in 1P systems Massively integrated (coherent) systems: B × M × log(SNR) Scaling using WDM × SDM 4. Integration, integration, integration Holistic view of client and line interfaces integrated onto digital CMOS chips “Fiber-in-fiber-out” (FIFO) all-in-one transport processor solutions.
Resolving cell state in iPSC-derived human neural samples with multiplexed fluorescence imaging (2021)

Abstract Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived (iPSC) neural cultures offer clinically relevant models of human diseases, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Alzheimer’s, and Autism Spectrum Disorder. In situ characterization of the spatial-temporal evolution of cell state in 2D and 3D culture models and organoids based on protein expression levels and localizations is essential to understanding neural cell differentiation, disease state phenotypes, and sample-to-sample variability. Here we apply PRobe-based Imaging for Sequential Multiplexing (PRISM) to facilitate multiplexed imaging with facile, rapid exchange of imaging probes to analyze iPSC-derived cortical and motor neuron cultures that are relevant to psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease models, using over ten protein targets. Our approach permits analysis of cell differentiation, cell composition, and functional marker expression in both standard 2D cultures and 3D spheroid and organoid sections. Further, our approach is amenable to automation, offering in principle ability to scale-up to dozens of protein targets and samples.
Nanosecond Dynamics of Tryptophans in Different Conformational States of Apomyoglobin Proteins (2000)

Fluorescence anisotropy kinetics were employed to quantify the nanosecond mobility of tryptophan residues in different conformational states (native, molten globule, unfolded) of apomyoglobins. Of particular interest is the similarity between the fluorescence anisotropy decays of tryptophans in the native and molten globule states. We find that, in these compact states, tryptophan residues rotate rapidly within a cone of semiangle 22-25 degrees and a correlation time of 0.5 ns, in addition to rotating together with the whole protein with a correlation time of 7-11 ns. The similar nanosecond dynamics of tryptophan residues in both states suggests that the conformation changes that distinguish the molten globule and native states of apomyoglobins originate from either subtle, slow rearrangements or fast changes distant from these tryptophans.
Induction by Klebsiella aerogenes of a Melanin-Like Pigment in Cryptococcus neoformans (2006)

While studying the interaction of Cryptococcus neoformans with Dictyostelium discoideum, we noticed that yeast colonies in agar with a feeder lawn of Klebsiella aerogenes were brown. This finding was intriguing because C. neoformans colonies are not pigmented unless they are provided with precursors for melanization. Strains of all C. neoformans serotypes produced brown pigment in response to K. aerogenes at 22, 30, and 37 degrees C. Pigment production required fungal laccase and was suppressed by high concentrations of glucose. Treatment of brown cells with guanidinium isothiocyanate and hot concentrated HCl yielded particulate material that had the physical and chemical characteristics of melanins. No pigment formation was observed when C. neoformans was exposed to live Escherichia coli or heat-killed K. aerogenes. Analysis of K. aerogenes supernatants revealed the presence of dopamine, which can be a substrate for melanin synthesis by C. neoformans. Our findings illustrate a remarkable interaction between a pathogenic fungus and a gram-negative bacterium, in which the bacterium produces a substrate that promotes fungal melanization. This observation provides a precedent that could explain the source of a substrate for C. neoformans melanization in the environment.
Differential Go/NoGo Activity in Both Contingent Negative Variation and Spectral Power (2012)

We investigated whether both the contingent negative variation (CNV), an event-related potential index of preparatory brain activity, and event-related oscillatory EEG activity differentiated Go and NoGo trials in a delayed response task. CNV and spectral power (4-100 Hz) were calculated from EEG activity in the preparatory interval in 16 healthy adult participants. As previously reported, CNV amplitudes were higher in Go compared to NoGo trials. In addition, event-related spectral power of the Go condition was reduced in the theta to low gamma range compared to the NoGo condition, confirming that preparing to respond is associated with modulation of event-related spectral activity as well as the CNV. Altogether, the impact of the experimental manipulation on both slow event-related potentials and oscillatory EEG activity may reflect coordinated dynamic changes in the excitability of distributed neural networks involved in preparation.
Ranibizumab in Myopic Choroidal Neovascularization: A Subgroup Analysis by Ethnicity, Age, and Ocular Characteristics in RADIANCE (2016)

East-Asians showed numerically higher BCVA gains than Caucasians. The number of injections varied across subgroups, emphasizing the need for individualized treatment.
Improving Digital IC Testing with Analog Circuits (2006)

This paper presents a promising new scan-based test technique compatible with low cost testers, called captureless delay testing (CDT). This technique uses a modified scan-chain structure, improved with analog circuits. CDT is a top-off technique multiplying the number of delay test patterns, without increasing the pattern count stored in the tester memory. It comes at a minimum performance and area overhead, with a good potential for automation