gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A broadly cross-reactive antibody neutralizes and protects against sarbecovirus challenge in mice (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses 1 (SARS-CoV) and 2 (SARS-CoV-2), including SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, can cause deadly infections. The mortality associated with sarbecovirus infection underscores the importance of developing broadly effective countermeasures against them, which could be key in the prevention and mitigation of current and future zoonotic events. Here, we demonstrate the neutralization of SARS-CoV; bat coronaviruses WIV-1 and RsSHC014; and SARS-CoV-2 variants D614G, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, B.1.429, B.1.526, B.1.617.1, and B.1.617.2 by a receptor binding domain (RBD)–specific human antibody, DH1047. Prophylactic and therapeutic treatment with DH1047 was protective against SARS-CoV, WIV-1, RsSHC014, and SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 infection in mice. Binding and structural analysis showed high affinity binding of DH1047 to an epitope that is highly conserved among sarbecoviruses. Thus, DH1047 is a broadly protective antibody that can prevent infection and mitigate outbreaks caused by SARS-related strains and SARS-CoV-2 variants. Our results also suggest that the conserved RBD epitope bound by DH1047 is a rational target for a universal sarbecovirus vaccine.
Interfacial Behavior of Poly(styrene)−Poly(ethylene oxide) Diblock Copolymer Monolayers at the Air−Water Interface. Hydrophilic Block Chain Length and Temperature Influence (1996)

Spread monolayers of poly(styrene)−poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers (PSm−PEOn, m = 38, n = 90, 148, 250, and 445) have been studied at the air−water interface by measuring the surface pressure−area (π−A) isotherms at several temperatures. The π−A isotherms exhibit several regions which can be ascribed to different conformations of the polymer chains: a pancake structure at low surface pressures and high areas when the isolated chains are adsorbed by both the PS globule and the PEO segments at the interface; an intermediate structure, quasi-brush, when the PEO segments are solubilized in the subphase; and finally a brush developed at low surface areas when the PEO chains are obliged to stretch away from the interface to avoid overlapping. At surface pressures near 10 mN/m there is a transition between a high-density pancake and the quasi-brush regime. The compression and the subsequent expansion curves superpose at the transition and quasi-brush regions but not at the brush and pancake stages. This points to a high cohesion in the brush structure after compression and to some irreversible entanglement and hydration of the PEO chains when immersed in the subphase. These two local hystereses depend differently on the PEO chain length and temperature. The hysteresis observed at high surface pressures (brush conformation) decreases with the PEO length and temperature, whereas the low surface pressure hysteresis (pancake) increases with PEO chain length, decreases with temperature in the range 283−298 K, and increases in the range 298−315 K. A negative mean transition entropy change was obtained from the temperature dependence of the quasi-SSAL−quasi-brush transition. The results indicate that the extensive properties of the present diblock copolymers at the interface, such as the pancake limiting area and the mean transition entropy, when expressed by PEOmer, are independent of the PEO length.
Bound States in the Continuum in Fiber Bragg Gratings (2019)

Optical fibers typically confine light through total internal reflection or through photonic bandgaps. Here we show that light can be perfectly guided in optical fibers through a different mechanism based on bound states in the continuum (BICs). In fibers with periodic Bragg gratings, we predict bona fide BICs in pure-polarization modes, as well as quasi-BICs in hybrid-polarization modes. These guided modes exist robustly without the need for fine structural tuning, and they persist even with the very small grating index contrasts that are available in conventional fiber Bragg gratings. The suppression of radiation loss arises from the coupling between a weakly-radiating mode and a strongly-radiating one. This finding opens the possibility of guiding light with BICs in optical fibers and their applications in distributed fiber sensors, in-line fiber filters, and high-power fiber lasers.
Orbital Angular Momentum-based Space Division Multiplexing for High-capacity Underwater Optical Communications (2016)

To increase system capacity of underwater optical communications, we employ the spatial domain to simultaneously transmit multiple orthogonal spatial beams, each carrying an independent data channel. In this paper, we show up to a 40-Gbit/s link by multiplexing and transmitting four green orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams through a single aperture. Moreover, we investigate the degrading effects of scattering/turbidity, water current, and thermal gradient-induced turbulence, and we find that thermal gradients cause the most distortions and turbidity causes the most loss. We show systems results using two different data generation techniques, one at 1064 nm for 10-Gbit/s/beam and one at 520 nm for 1-Gbit/s/beam; we use both techniques since present data-modulation technologies are faster for infrared (IR) than for green. For the 40-Gbit/s link, data is modulated in the IR, and OAM imprinting is performed in the green using a specially-designed metasurface phase mask. For the 4-Gbit/s link, a green laser diode is directly modulated. Finally, we show that inter-channel crosstalk induced by thermal gradients can be mitigated using multi-channel equalisation processing.
M. S. M. Setnakula Kiwanuka, A History of Buganda. From the Foundation of the Kingdom to 1900. New York, African Publishing House, 1972, pp. xv, 322, maps, plans, appendices, genealogies. (1973)

"M. S. M. Setnakula Kiwanuka, A History of Buganda. From the Foundation of the Kingdom to 1900. New York, African Publishing House, 1972, pp. xv, 322, maps, plans, appendices, genealogies." published on 20 Dec 1973 by Brill.
What determines average and outage performance in fading channels? (2004)

We quantify the average performance of digital transmissions over fading channels at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The performance criteria considered here are probability of error and outage probability. We show that as functions of the average SNR, they can both be characterized by two parameters: the diversity and coding gains. They have the same diversity order, but their coding gains in dB differ by a constant. The diversity and coding gains are found to be related to the behavior of the probability density function (PDF) only at the origin, or equivalently, to the decaying order of the characteristic function. Diversity and coding gains for diversity combining systems are found in terms of branch average SNR's for arbitrarily distributed independent (in some cases, correlated) branches, which can allow one to analyze, e.g., coded transmissions through independent or correlated fading channels.
Neuropeptide GPCRs in Neuroendocrinology (2014)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the single largest family of plasma membrane receptors, encompassing about 860 members in humans. During the last decades, considerable progress has been made regarding the biochemical identification, signaling mechanisms, allosteric modulation, structural characterization and pathophysiological implication of GPCRs, which are considered as major targets for the development of new therapeutic agents. Thus, in 2012, Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobila shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for their seminal contribution on GPCR structures and functions.Neuropeptides play a pivotal role in chemical communication in the brain and in peripheral organs. To date, more than 100 neuropeptides have been identified and it is established that a vast majority of them act through GPCRs. Neuropeptide GPCRs are involved in the control of a large array of physiological processes including feeding, reproduction, growth, metabolism, stress response, sleep and a number of behaviors. The aim of this Research Topic is to illustrate the importance of neuropeptide GPCRs in neuroendocrine communication by gathering a bouquet of 72 review papers and original articles from leading scientists in this fast-evolving field.
Properties of Filter Cake of Water-Based Drilling Fluid under Dynamic Conditions Using Computer Tomography (2012)

Abstract Heterogeneity of the filter cake plays a key role in the design of chemical treatments needed to remove the filter cake. Filtrate invasion into the formation can substantially reduce the permeability of the near wellbore region and in turn, damage the formation. In addition, the nature and the thickness of the filter cake will increase the potential of differential pipe sticking. Extensive lab studies were conducted to measure the filter cake thickness and porosity of 69 pcf water-based drilling fluid using a CT (computed tomography) scanner and develop a relationship between the porosity and the permeability of the filter cake. An HPHT filter press was used to perform the filtration process under dynamic conditions at 250 °F and 300 psi differential pressure using 10-micron ceramic disks. Experiments were done at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 min. After each experiment, the filter cake was scanned using CT. The results obtained from the CT scan showed that the filter cake contained two layers with different properties. No compression period was observed during the filtration operation. The ratio of the layer closer to drilling fluid thickness was 70% of the filter cake, which will affect the amount of enzymes and acid, which are used to remove the filter cake. The layer closer to rock surface had a near constant thickness (0.04 in.), a decrease in porosity from 30 to 10% during the buildup of the filter cake, and an average permeability of 2.4 µd which was obtained from different correlations (Elkatatny et al. 2011a). The porosity of the layer closer to drilling fluid decreased from 0.25 to 0.0 %, due to poor sorting, which resulted in zero permeability. Using CT for the first time allowed us to evaluate existing models to predict porosity-permeability relationships of the filter cake.
SAHRV Modem P3I and SAHRV Modem P3I System Integration (2005)

Abstract : The long-term goals of our acoustic communications efforts are to better understand the underwater acoustic communication channel and the performance of acoustic communication signals under conditions representative of acoustic links useful for AUVs and Navy vessels. This work includes development of modulation methods, design of receiver strategies, work on error-control coding, optimization of system components for different applications, and other related work. The objective of this project was to transition WHOI acoustic communications technology into a production-ready system for use by the Navy. The Pre-Planned Product Improvement (P3I) program specifically included several technologies, including forward-looking sonar and acoustic communications. Our work focused on the acoustic communications technology with the goal of complete integration into REMUS/SAHRV (Semi-Autonomous Hydrographic Reconnaissance Vehicle).
Measurement of six acoustical properties of a three-layered medium using resonant frequencies (2003)

An ultrasonic technique for a simultaneous determination of traveling times and acoustic impedances of three-layered, platelike specimens using a normally incident longitudinal wave is presented. The acoustical properties are determined by minimizing the difference between measured and calculated resonant frequencies in the well-known least-squares sense. The resonant frequencies of the layered structure are deduced, in transmission, from the maxima of the magnitude of the transmission spectrum, or, in reflection, from the pi values of the phase of the reflection spectrum. Measurements are carried out in the frequency range 1-20 MHz for steel/aluminum/steel and silver/copper/nickel specimens with individual layer thickness values ranging from 0.3 mm to 2 mm. The differences between the inverted thicknesses and those measured directly with an optical microscope range from -4 microm to +13 microm. Estimated error bounds suggest that the inverted travel times are accurate within +/- 1 ns with 95% probability.
Metric mapping: a new method to aid in the design of nanomanufacturing systems (2011)

The creation of new systems for nanomanufacturing can be catalysed by a knowledge of manufacturing systems. A method for comparing macro-scale manufacturing metrics and nanoscale manufacturing processes allows a design engineer to objectively evaluate similarities between macro-scale and nano-scale processes. The result of mapping manufacturing metrics is that a design engineer will have a better understanding of which currently-available manufacturing technology can be easily modified to enable a given nano-scale process. Furthermore, a design engineer will be able to clearly identify areas where new technology must be developed in order to satisfy the performance requirements for a nanomanufacturing process not met by existing technology. A metric mapping method for comparing manufacturing process metrics to nanomanufacturing processes has been developed, which can be used to aid in the design of systems for manufacturing nano-scale products; metric mapping has been utilised to help create a machine for enabling high-throughput dip pen nanolithography.
Supplementary Table 2 from Dysregulation of EGFR Pathway in EphA2 Cell Subpopulation Significantly Associates with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2A. KRAS mutational status vs. EphA2 expression (N = 70; P = 0.133{section sign}); 2B. Response rate vs. EphA2 expression (N = 68; P = 0.33{section sign}); 2C. Disease control rate vs. EphA2 expression (N = 68; P = 0.012{section sign}); 2D. Response rate vs. EphA2 expression (In KRAS WT patients; N = 39; P = 0.574{section sign}); 2E. Disease control rate vs. EphA2 expression (In KRAS WT patients; N = 39; P = 0.008{section sign})&lt;/p&gt;
Induced strain mechanism of current collapse in AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (2001)

Gated transmission line model pattern measurements of the transient current–voltage characteristics of AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) and metal–oxide–semiconductor HFETs were made to develop a phenomenological model for current collapse. Our measurements show that, under pulsed gate bias, the current collapse results from increased source–gate and gate–drain resistances but not from the channel resistance under the gate. We propose a model linking this increase in series resistances (and, therefore, the current collapse) to a decrease in piezoelectric charge resulting from the gate bias-induced nonuniform strain in the AlGaN barrier layer.
Drug-coated balloon treatment for lower extremity vascular disease intervention: an international positioning document (2015)

The advent of drug-coated balloons (DCBs) provides a novel means to locally deliver paclitaxel into the arterial wall without the need of a chronically implanted delivery system. The widespread use of these devices in the clinical arena is contemporary with the introduction and adoption of paclitaxel eluting stents for peripheral vascular intervention. However, DCB remain highly attractive approach as the long-term consequences of permanent metallic implants in peripheral applications are still unknown. Notably, the clinical value of DCB is supported by robust pre-clinical evidence regarding safety and efficacy. Likewise, the clinical value of DCB in patients has also been demonstrated by multiple randomized clinical trials in the superficial femoral artery (SFA) and proximal popliteal artery territory. However, the widespread clinical adoption of DCB into routine clinical practice remains elusive. The evidence on the value of DCB has been summarized in consensus documents and in clinical practice guidelines. In the coronary field, currently available information has been summarized in two comprehensive Experts' Consensus Documents and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on coronary revascularization.1–3 These documents emphasized that not all DCB are created equal and that a ‘class effect’ cannot be anticipated as the results obtained with different DCB are not uniform. This remains a major challenge since many CE marked devices are currently available yet many of these have not been supported by robust clinical results.

In the peripheral territory, the information regarding the clinical use of DCB is scarce. Moreover, no previous consensus document exists describing the clinical applications and indications for the use of this technology …
The Future of Linguistics and Lexicographers: Will there be Lexicographers in the Year 3000? (2008)

Abstract Lexicology has been posed as a science ever since the 18th century. In the article Grammaire from Diderot and D’Alembert’s Encyclopedia, lexicology is described as the explanation of three aspects of knowledge about each of the words from a language: its Material, its Value, and its Etymology. The Material is described as how a given word is put together: the syllables that compose it, how it is pronounced. The Value of a word is divided into three parts: the fundamental sense (proper or figurative), the specific sense (now called the part-of-speech), and the accidental sense (morphological variants of the word). The Etymology concerns the rules by which new words are formed, as well as the historical sources of a word interesting as an aid to understanding the word’s current meaning. Lexicology dealt with words taken in isolation, while syntax concerned words in the context of other words. The section ends: “Tels sont les points de vue fondamentaux auxquels on peut rapporter les principes de la Lexicologie. C’est aux dictionnaires de chaque langue à marquer sur chacun des mots qu’ils renferment, les décisions propres de l’usage, relatives à ces points de vue.” Looking at modern dictionaries, we find that lexicographers in every language have taken these words to heart. The same principles are found in today’s dictionary entries. The Material is presented in a word’s spelling, pronunciation, and syllabification. The Etymology is often covered by a succinct presentation of the word’s origins. Two of the three parts of the word’s Value, the part-of-speech and special morphological variants, are almost invariably included in the entry. The remaining point of view on a word, a description of the fundamental sense, composes the meat of the dictionary entry, and, to mix the culinary metaphor, is the bread-and-butter of the lexicographer.
Effects of Biogas Combustion on the Operation Characteristics and Pollutant Emissions of a Micro Gas Turbine (2003)

The capability of gas turbines to burn low-BTU biogenic fuels besides natural gas becomes an increasingly important feature for small sized plants. This is particularly the case for micro gas turbines targeting decentralized applications. The energy conversion of biomass to electricity can be improved by integration of a micro gas turbine with the biogas generation process. Such an integrated plant concept is presented in this paper after a general overview of low-BTU fuels suitable for utilization in gas turbines has been given. The advantages are a more efficient biomass conversion and an extension of biomass digestion to biomass with reduced biochemical availability such as mildly lignocellulosic biomass. The effects of biogas utilization on the characteristics of operation of a representatively modeled microturbine are investigated in this paper. Particularly, contributions to the efficiency decrease occuring when biogas is burnt instead of natural gas are analyzed. Further, an overview of the effects of low-BTU fuels on gas turbine materials and pollutant emissions is given. The change of emissions of nitrogen oxide and carbon monoxide is analyzed with a combustion model based on a systematically reduced 6-step reaction mechanism. This study was conducted for an advanced combustor design applying ceramic materials and a transpiration cooling technology.
Mechanical tunability in one-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by direct laser writing (2023)

Recently, two-photon polymerization has been successfully employed to fabricate high-contrast one-dimensional photonic crystals. Using this approach, photonic bandgap reflectivities over 90% have been demonstrated in the infrared spectral range. As a result of this success, modifications to the design are being explored which allow additional tunability of the photonic bandgap. In this paper, a one-dimensional photonic crystal fabricated by two-photon polymerization which has been modified to include mechanical flexures is evaluated. Experimental findings suggest these structures allow mechanically induced spectral shifting of the entire photonic bandgap. These results support the use of one-dimensional photonic crystals fabricated by two-photon polymerization for opto-mechanical applications.
A 0.297-pJ/Bit 50.4-Gb/s/Wire Inverter-Based Short-Reach Simultaneous Bi-Directional Transceiver for Die-to-Die Interface in 5-nm CMOS (2023)

This article presents a clock-forwarded, inverter-based short-reach simultaneous bi-directional (ISR-SBD) physical layer (PHY) targeted for die-to-die communication over silicon interposers or similar high-density interconnect. Short-reach links of this type are increasingly important to support larger systems built with chiplets and multiple die and to facilitate the shift to medium- and long-range optical communication based on silicon photonics. This project explores the advantages of simultaneous bi-directional signaling (SBD) over other bandwidth-doubling techniques (e.g., PAM4). Fabricated in a 5-nm standard CMOS process, the ISR-SBD PHY demonstrates 50.4 Gb/s/wire (25.2 Gb/s each direction) and 0.297 pJ/bit on a 750-mV supply over a 1.2-mm on- chip channel.
Development and clinical assessment of new objective adherence markers for four microbicide delivery systems used in HIV prevention studies (2018)

We demonstrated clinical proof-of-concept that adherence markers for placebo product can be measured using simple, lower cost approaches. Measuring adherence in both placebo and drug arms of a HIV PrEP study would better inform future trial designs.
The molecular nature of photovoltage losses in organic solar cells (2011)

Since the inception of heterojunction organic photovoltaic research the organic/organic interface has been thought to play a crucial role in determining the magnitude of the open-circuit voltage. Yet, the task of defining the molecular properties dictating the photovoltage delivered by these devices, that employ mixed or neat layers of different organic molecules to convert incident photons to electricity, is still an active area of research. This will likely be a key step in designing the new materials required for improving future device efficiencies. With the intent to underscore the importance of considering both thermodynamic and kinetic factors, this article highlights recent progress in elucidating molecular characteristics dictating photovoltage losses in heterojunction organic photovoltaics.
Targeting Nodal in Conjunction with Dacarbazine Induces Synergistic Anticancer Effects in Metastatic Melanoma (2015)

Targeting Nodal in combination with DTIC therapy holds promise for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.