gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Levels of Soluble Immunoregulatory Receptors in Patients with WaldenstroM’s Macroglobulinemia. (2004)

Abstract CD25, CD27, CD30 and CD40 are receptors for IL-2, CD70, CD153 and CD154, respectively, which provide important signaling for both B- and T-cell immune responses. We therefore examined the sera of patients with Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM), a B-cell disorder characterized by excess IgM secreting bone marrow lymphoplasmacytic cells (LPC) for the presence of soluble CD25, CD27, CD30, CD40, IL-2, CD153, and CD154. Sera were from patients with active disease and off-therapy. Sera from healthy age matched donors (HD) was used for controls. The results of these studies were as follows: WM ELISA Results HD ELISA Results p-value n= median range n= median range sCD25 pg/ml 2.647x10−6 41 3418.99 3–19756.2 20 573.6 184.96–891.03 IL-2 pg/ml 0.72385 41 22.96 3–76.83 20 11.07 5.64–64.7 sCD27 U/ml 2.4727x10−7 26 7.45 0–19.42 10 0 0–2.78 sCD70 ND ND ND ND ND ND ND sCD30 U/ml 0.00088 25 89.25 0–550.81 15 39.12 0–135.25 sCD153 ng/ml 0.68388 25 8.18 0–43.8 15 5.65 0–24.82 sCD40 pg/ml 0.02484 25 101.39 11.76–584.99 11 50.73 0–150.5 sCD154 pg/ml 0.81317 55 949.58 92–4973.16 17 1078.03 351.88–2323.38 Considering our recent studies demonstrating a role for mast cells (MC) in supporting WM cell growth (JCO 2004 22:571S), we examined bone marrow LPC along with MC from WM patients for expression of CD25, CD27 and CD40 and/or their ligands by flow cytometry and RT-PCR analysis. The results of these studies are as follows: Flow Cytometry RT-PCR WM MC WM MC CD25 4/10 (40%) 2/7 (29%) 7/9 (78%) 7/15 (47%) IL-2 ND ND ND ND CD27 5/12 (42%) 2/8 (25%) 7/7 (100%) 4/7 (57%) CD70 6/6 (100%) 10/11 (91%) 7/7 (100%) 2/7 (29%) CD30 1/21 (4.7%) ND ND ND CD153 3/7 (43%) 12/13 (92%) 2/2 (100%) 9/11 (82%) CD40 25/30 (83%) ND ND ND CD154 2/3 (67%) 9/13 (69%) 7/9 (78%) ND The above studies demonstrate high levels of circulating immunoregulatory receptors, and expression of these receptors and/or their ligands on WM tumor and mast cells. Studies addressing their role in immune dysregulation in WM are underway.
Importance of oxide capping on the suppression of dopant outdiffusion for salicide block process (2000)

In this paper, the effect of dopant out diffusion on unsalicided polysilicon resistance has been intensively investigated. It has been found that excessive dopant out diffusion as a result of non-optimized oxide capping could cause a large variation in sheet resistance of the unsalicided polysilicon resistor. For this salicide block process, great attention needs to be paid for the suppression of dopant out diffusion. Based on understanding of the cause of the inconsistent, unsalicided polysilicon resistance, we demonstrate an implementation of salicide blocking for 0.25 micrometers CMOS technology with a well controlled unsalicided polysilicon resistance by exploring the various process trade-offs in the choice of oxide for the salicide blocking and optimizing the subsequent thermal annealing process.
An Inductor-First Single-Inductor Multiple-Output Hybrid DC–DC Converter With Integrated Flying Capacitor for SoC Applications (2022)

With the increasing complexity of highly integrated system on chips (SoCs), the power management system (PMS) is required to provide several power supplies efficiently for individual blocks. This paper presents a single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) inductor-first hybrid converter that generates three outputs between 0.4V and 1.6V from a 1.8V input. The proposed multiple-output hybrid power stage can improve the conversion efficiency by reducing inductor current while extending the output voltage range compared with the existing hybrid topologies. In addition, the proposed converter employs an on-chip switched-capacitor power stage (SCPS) with a dual-switching frequency technique, resulting in a fast response time, low cross-regulation, and reduced number of on-chip pads. Measurement results show that the converter achieves a peak efficiency of 87.5% with the maximum output current of 450mA. The converter is integrated with a fast voltage regulation loop with 500MHz system clock to achieve a less than 0.01mA/mV cross-regulation and a maximum 20mV overshoot at full-load transient response. The design is fabricated in the standard 180nm CMOS technology.
Reversal of diabetes‐evoked changes in mitochondrial protein expression of cardiac left ventricle by treatment with a copper(II)‐selective chelator (2007)

Cardiac disease is the commonest cause of death amongst diabetic patients. Diabetic cardiomyopathy, which has a poor prognosis, is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and impaired cardiac function and mitochondrial damage is said to contribute to its development. We recently showed that treatment with the Cu(II) -selective chelator, triethylenetetramine (TETA), improved cardiac structure, and function in diabetic subjects without modifying hyperglycemia. Thus, TETA has potential utility for the treatment of heart disease. To further understand the molecular mechanism by which it causes these effects, we have conducted the first study of the effect of oral TETA on protein abundance in the cardiac left ventricle of rats with severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Proteomic methods showed that of 211 proteins changed in diabetes, 33 recovered after treatment. Through MS, 16 proteins were identified which may constitute major targets of drug action. Remarkably, most of these were mitochondrial proteins with roles in energy metabolism. In addition to components of the mitochondrial respiratory chain and enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation, TETA treatment normalized both myocardial expression and enzymatic activity of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2. These findings indicate that mitochondria constitute major targets in the mechanism by which TETA restores cardiac structure and function in diabetes.
Cross-Cultural Work in Music Cognition (2020)

<b>Many foundational questions in the</b> psychology of music require cross-cultural approaches, yet the vast majority of work in the field to date has been conducted with Western participants and Western music. For cross-cultural research to thrive, it will require collaboration between people from different disciplinary backgrounds, as well as strategies for overcoming differences in assumptions, methods, and terminology. This position paper surveys the current state of the field and offers a number of concrete recommendations focused on issues involving ethics, empirical methods, and definitions of "music" and "culture."
Mechanistic and structural basis for activation of cardiac myosin force production by omecamtiv mecarbil (2017)

Omecamtiv mecarbil is a selective, small-molecule activator of cardiac myosin that is being developed as a potential treatment for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Here we determine the crystal structure of cardiac myosin in the pre-powerstroke state, the most relevant state suggested by kinetic studies, both with (2.45 Å) and without (3.10 Å) omecamtiv mecarbil bound. Omecamtiv mecarbil does not change the motor mechanism nor does it influence myosin structure. Instead, omecamtiv mecarbil binds to an allosteric site that stabilizes the lever arm in a primed position resulting in accumulation of cardiac myosin in the primed state prior to onset of cardiac contraction, thus increasing the number of heads that can bind to the actin filament and undergo a powerstroke once the cardiac cycle starts. The mechanism of action of omecamtiv mecarbil also provides insights into uncovering how force is generated by molecular motors.Omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) is a cardiac myosin activator that is currently in clinical trials for heart failure treatment. Here, the authors give insights into its mode of action and present the crystal structure of OM bound to bovine cardiac myosin, which shows that OM stabilizes the pre-powerstroke state of myosin.
Long-lasting blood pressure lowering effects of nitrite are NO-independent and mediated by hydrogen peroxide, persulfides, and oxidation of protein kinase G1α redox signalling (2019)

Under physiological conditions, nitrite induces a delayed and long-lasting blood pressure lowering effect, which is NO-independent and occurs via a new redox mechanism involving H2O2, persulfides, and PKG1α oxidation/activation. Targeting this novel pathway may provide new prospects for anti-hypertensive therapy.
A 2-Step Approach to Peripheral Blood Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Advanced High Risk Lymphomas (2018)

Background: Haploidentical (HI) transplantation (SCT) using non-myeloablative conditioning and post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) in patients (pts) with lymphoma is associated with low non-relapse mortality (NRM). We developed a 2-step peripheral blood (PB) HI SCT using more intense conditioning to provide better disease control and enhance engraftment in pts with advanced lymphomas. We present long term results using this approach in pts with advanced lymphomas. Methods: Fourteen pts received myeloablative (MA) conditioning with 12 Gy TBI and 24 pts received reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) using fludarabine(flu)/busulfan or flu/cytarabine ± thiotepa. This was followed by a large fixed dose (2 × 108/kg) of donor T cells (Step 1), then high dose cyclophosphamide (CY) to eradicate alloreactive T cells and induce bidirectional tolerance. A CD34-selected stem cell product was then infused (Step 2). GVHD prophylaxis consisted of tacrolimus and mycophenolate. Results: Thirty-eight pts (27 males; 11 females) with high risk lymphomas (DLBCL = 3, DLBCL transformed from an underlying indolent lymphoma = 4, CLL = 7, HD = 6, T-NHL = 6, mantle cell NHL = 5, indolent NHL = 4, Burkitt's = 2, and cutaneous lymphoblastic lymphoma = 1) with a median age of 55 years (y) (range 24-74) were included. Response to last therapy prior to HI SCT was: CR = 14, PR = 16, progressive/stable disease = 8. Some patients received prior SCT (autologous = 5, allogeneic = 1). The HCT-CI was >2 in 47% of pts. After a median follow-up of 61 months (mo) for the RIC and 68 mo for the MA group, the 5-year OS and PFS were 61% (RIC = 56%, MA = 70%, P = .7) and 56% (RIC = 52%, MA = 51%, P = .9), respectively. There was a trend towards better PFS in patients transplanted in remission versus with disease (median 15 months versus not reached, P = .1). Three pts died before engraftment from infections (n = 2) or regimen-related toxicity (n = 1). The median neutrophil and platelet recovery were 11 and 17 days, respectively. The 2-yr cumulative incidence (CI) of relapse for the RIC and MA groups at 2 years were 9% and 14% (P = .3). All three relapses were in CR prior to transplant. The 1-yr CI of NRM for the RIC group and MA pts were 23% and 21% (P = .5). Causes of death were: disease relapse (n = 2), infection (n = 6), regimen toxicity (n = 4), and GVHD (n = 2). Overall rates for aGVHD (II-IV) and severe aGVHD (III-IV) at 6 months were 48% and 5.4%. The overall 5-year CI of cGVHD was 17%. Conclusions: The 2-step approach to HI SCT was associated with long term survival in pts with high risk lymphomas with rapid engraftment, excellent disease control, and acceptable NRM rates. RIC conditioning had similar relapse and NRM rates to MA conditioning, supporting its role in pts with lymphomas who need a HI SCT.Figure 2Progression Free SurvivalView Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)
Special Section on Waveform Diversity from the Fifth International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference, Niagara Falls, Canada (2011)

It is our great pleasure and singular honor to introduce this Special Section of the IET Journal on Radar, Sonar & Navigation, dedicated to the Fifth International Waveform Diversity and Design Conference (WDD) that was held in Niagara Falls Canada from 3?10 August 2010. WDD is an international conference devoted to bringing together researchers and technologists from diverse backgrounds and specialties to facilitate the exchange of ideas, research, and technologies for dynamically adapting waveforms to their propagation environments. Specific objectives include developing analytical methodologies and new hardware technologies for system applications in sensors, communications, navigation, and countermeasures.
Preface (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceTOBIN J. MARKSTOBIN J. MARKSDepartment of Chemistry Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208More by TOBIN J. MARKSDOI: 10.1021/bk-1990-0428.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):June 25, 1990Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 25 June 1990Request reuse permissions Copyright © 1990 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Bonding Energetics in Organometallic Compoundsp xiACS Symposium SeriesVol. 428ISBN13: 9780841217911eISBN: 9780841212848Chapter Views141Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (174 KB) Get e-Alerts
Impact of the radical prostatectomy surgical technique and surgeon experience on freedom from cancer recurrence (2006)

4569 Background: We have shown a direct relation between positive margin (PM), morbidity outcomes and surgeon volume, technique after radical prostatectomy (RP). Significant variation occurs even among high volume providers. Our aim was to analyze the surgeon effects on cancer control after RP. Methods: We evaluated 8196 consecutive cT1–3NxMx naive men who underwent RP by one of 76 surgeons within 4 institutions between 1987 and 2003. We calculated the 5-yr probability of recurrence (BCR, PSA elevation &gt;0.4 ng/ml × 2 or initiation of secondary therapy for a PSA rise) for each surgeon assuming a log-logistic survival distribution. A meta-analysis controlling for case mix: PSA, Gleason score, stage, PM and surgical expertise (i.e. cumulative number of surgeries performed) to evaluate for differences in BCR rates between surgeons was performed. We applied the I-square statistic to determine what proportion of the variation represented genuine differences v. chance alone. Results: 33 surgeons performed &gt; 40 RP with 17 surgeons having &gt; 100 procedures during the study period. BCR events were recorded in 1361 patients. The overall 5-yr freedom from BCR with 2524 patients remaining at risk was 80% (79%, 81%) . Extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle invasion, nodal metastasis, PM, Gleason score and PSA were independent predictors of BCR. The surgical volume also correlated independently with BCR. Importanntly we found significant variability on freedom from BCR between high volume surgeons. The I-squared statistic from the meta-analysis was 0.63. That is, approximately 63% of the difference in BCR rates among surgeons can be explained by genuine differences in surgical skill and approach, and approximately 37% is compatible with chance alone. For a sensitivity analysis, we repeated the analysis excluding surgeons who performed less than 100 procedures. In this sub-analysis, the I-squared statistic remained very significant at 0.48. Conclusions: Our data shows that in men treated by RP, the BCR outcomes of men are not exclusively determined by the biology and stage of prostate cancers (explained in most models), but to the surgical skill. Clinical trials evaluating BCR outcomes must prove equivalency among providers so that results are not biased by them. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Model Risk Scores May Underestimate Rate of Biochemical Recurrence in African American Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: A Cohort Analysis of Over 3000 Men (2022)

Abstract Introduction: This study aims to determine if there is a difference in the CAPRA and Kattan model-adjusted risk of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and/or adverse pathology between African American (AAM) and Caucasian men (CM) undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: We identified men in the Pennsylvania Urologic Regional Collaborative (PURC) who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP). Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compare the rate of BCR after RP between CM and AAM adjusting for the CAPRA, CAPRA-S, and pre- and post-operative Kattan model score. Logistic regression models were used to compare the rate of adverse pathology after RP between CM and AAM, adjusting for the same models. Results: The 2-year BCR free survival was lower in AAM (72.5%) compared to Caucasian men (CM) (79.0%), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.38 (95% CI 1.16-1.63, p&lt;0.001). The rate of BCR was significantly greater in AAM compared to CM after adjustment for pre-op Kattan (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08-1.53; p=0.004), and post-op Kattan scores (HR 1.26; 95% CI 1.05-1.49; p&lt;0.001). There was a trend towards higher BCR rates among AAM after adjustment for CAPRA (HR 1.13; 95% CI 0.95-1.35; p=0.17) and CAPRA-S (HR 1.11; 95% 0.93-1.32; p=0.25), which did not reach statistical significance. The overall rate of adverse pathology was similar between AAM (38.4%) and CM (37.8%) (OR 1.02; 95% CI 0.89-1.17; p=0.72) but was significantly greater in AAM compared to CM after adjusting for CAPRA (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.10-1.50; p=0.001) and Kattan scores (OR 1.23; 95% CI 1.06-1.43; p=0.007). Conclusion: Our analysis from a large multicenter real world cohort provides further evidence that African American men may have a greater-than predicted rate of BCR and adverse pathology after RP than is currently predicted by CAPRA and Kattan models. Accordingly, AAM may benefit from more frequent use of adjuvant therapies.
Antibody-free digital influenza virus counting based on neuraminidase activity (2019)

There is large demand for a quantitative method for rapid and ultra-sensitive detection of the influenza virus. Here, we established a digital influenza virus counting (DIViC) method that can detect a single virion without antibody. In the assay, a virion is stochastically entrapped inside a femtoliter reactor array device for the fluorogenic assay of neuraminidase, and incubated for minutes. By analyzing 600,000 reactors, the practical limit of detection reached the order of 10<sup>3</sup> (PFU)/mL, only 10-times less sensitive than RT-PCR and more than 1000-times sensitive than commercial rapid test kits (RIDTs). Interestingly, neuraminidase activity differed among virions. The coefficient of variance was 30-40%, evidently broader than that of alkaline phosphatase measured as a model enzyme for comparison, suggesting the heterogeneity in size and integrity among influenza virus particles. Sensitivity to oseltamivir also differed between virions. We also tested DIViC using clinical gargle samples that imposes less burden for sampling while with less virus titre. The comparison with RIDTs showed that DIViC was largely superior to RIDTs in the sensitivity with the clinical samples although a few false-positive signals were observed in some clinical samples that remains as a technical challenge.
Methods for the synthesis of arrays of DNA probes (2023)

The synthesis of arrays of DNA probes sequences, polypeptides, and the like is carried out using a patterning process on an active surface of a substrate. An image is projected onto the active surface of the substrate utilizing reflective projection optics. The projection optics project a light image onto the active surface of the substrate to deprotect linker molecules thereon. A first level of bases may then be applied to the substrate, followed by development steps, and subsequent exposure of the substrate utilizing a different light image, with further repeats until the elements of a two dimensional array on the substrate surface have an appropriate base bound thereto.
T Cell Ig- and Mucin-Domain-Containing Molecule-3 (TIM-3) and TIM-1 Molecules Are Differentially Expressed on Human Th1 and Th2 Cells and in Cerebrospinal Fluid-Derived Mononuclear Cells in Multiple Sclerosis (2004)

T cell Ig- and mucin-domain-containing molecules (TIMs) comprise a recently described family of molecules expressed on T cells. TIM-3 has been shown to be expressed on murine Th1 cell clones and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Th1-driven experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. In contrast, association of TIM-1 polymorphisms to Th2-related airway hyperreactivity has been suggested in mice. The TIM molecules have not been investigated in human Th1- or Th2-mediated diseases. Using real-time (TaqMan) RT-PCR, we show that human Th1 lines expressed higher TIM-3 mRNA levels, while Th2 lines demonstrated a higher expression of TIM-1. Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells obtained from patients with multiple sclerosis revealed significantly higher mRNA expression of TIM-1 compared with controls. Moreover, higher TIM-1 expression was associated with clinical remissions and low expression of IFN-gamma mRNA in cerebrospinal fluid mononuclear cells. In contrast, expression of TIM-3 correlated well with high expression of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. These data imply the differential expression of human TIM molecules by Th1 and Th2 cells and may suggest their differential involvement in different phases of a human autoimmune disease.
Experimental Demonstration of Optical Three-Layer Neural Network (1990)

An optical three-layer neural network using a microchannel plate spatial light modulator (MSLM) is firstly demonstrated. The back-propagation learning algorithm is used to calculate optimum weight matrices. Experimental results on learning of exclusive OR operation are presented.
The clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of enteritis associated with rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli infections in domestic animals. (1983)

Rotavirus and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) are enteropathogens each capable of inducing diarrhoea in some animal species and man. Unstressed young animals develop an age-related resistance to infection with either rotavirus or ETEC which differs for each animal species. The effects of experimental infection of calves, lambs, foals and piglets with rotavirus and ETEC given either alone or in combination, have been examined. In general, dual infections tended to lengthen the period of age susceptibility and increase the severity of gastroenteritis, compared to infection with either agent alone. ETEC caused little or no pathological changes in the small intestine while rotavirus induced moderate inflammatory, morphological and physiological changes including reduced activity of membrane-bound digestive enzymes. In dual infections, mucosal lesions were more severe than those seen after rotavirus infection and ETEC proliferation in the lumen of the small intestine was greater than in animals infected with ETEC alone. Two distinct mechanisms of diarrhoea, presumably, were involved; net fluid hypersecretion into the lumen of the gut mediated by ETEC enterotoxin(s), and brush border maldigestion and malabsorption which was caused by rotavirus infection of the small intestine.