gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-polarization two-frequency operation in a class-A semiconductor laser (2009)

Tunable dual-frequency oscillation is demonstrated in a VECSEL using spatial separation of the two orthogonally polarized eigenstates. The VECSEL class-A dynamics enables to get rid of electrical phase noise in excess at relaxation oscillation frequency.
Grain-boundary-limited charge transport in solution-processed 6,13 bis(tri-isopropylsilylethynyl) pentacene thin film transistors (2008)

Grain boundaries play an important role in determining the electrical, mechanical, and optical properties of polycrystalline thin films. A side-disubstituted counterpart of pentacene, 6,13 bis(tri-isopropylsilylethynyl) (TIPS) pentacene, has lateral π-π packing and reasonably high solubility in a number of organic solvents. In this paper, the effects of grain boundaries on the effective hole mobility, on/off ratio, threshold voltage, and hysteresis of transistor transfer characteristics were investigated in solution-processed TIPS pentacene thin film transistors with both experiments and simulations. The effects of solvent type, concentration, substrate temperature, and evaporation rate were investigated by optical, electron, and atomic force microscopies. An apparatus for controlled solution casting was designed, fabricated, and used to make TIPS pentacene thin film transistors with more precisely controlled variations in microstructure and defect densities. First, hysteresis in the electrical characteristics was found to correlate directly with grain width WG (the crystal dimension along [12¯0]) in active layers. In addition, since TIPS pentacene crystals with larger grain width (WG&amp;gt;6 μm) generally took a long needle shape and the ones with smaller domain sizes (WG&amp;lt;4 μm) had a more equiaxed geometry, a sharp enhancement in the effective mobility was observed in the larger grains. In devices with active layers cast from toluene solution, the measured field-effect hole mobility for grain width WG smaller than 4 μm was generally ≤0.01 cm2/V s, whereas mobility for films with grain width WG&amp;gt;6 μm was typically 0.1∼1 cm2/V s. A model of boundary-limited transport was developed and used to explain experimental data. Based on the proposed model and an energy barrier (EB) on the order of 100 meV for electrical transport across grain boundary, the effective grain-boundary mobility μGBo was estimated to be approximately 5×10−7 cm2/V s.
Elastomeric Polysiloxane Modifiers for Epoxy Networks (1983)

Novel elastomeric polysiloxane modifiers for epoxy networks have been synthesized and characterized. In addition, curing studies of conventional epoxy resins incorporating these oligomers have been conducted. Structures were prepared having either epoxide, primary amine and/or secondary amine endgroups. The polymerization step for the siloxanes consisted of a base catalyzed equilibration of the appropriately functionalized disiloxane and octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane. In the case of hydroxy piperazine terminated modifiers, polymers were first synthesized with epoxy endgroups. These endgroups were then subsequently capped with an excess of piperazine prior to curing. The oligomers were characterized by FTIR, 'H and 13C NMR, GPC, endgroup analysis and vapor pressure osmometry. The secondary amine terminated oligomers basically act as linear modifiers. By contrast, the aminopropyl functional siloxanes produce a crosslinked network. Piperazine terminated oligomers show much better compatibility with the epoxy resins compared to the aminopropyl terminated oligomers. This is especially true if the modifier contains an amide
Is process or architecture the solution? (2006)

The call for papers for this workshop starts with the observation that software still has bugs, despite considerable investment and improvement in software development process. Software has always had bugs, and as far as I can tell, it will always have bugs. Software, however, need not be fragile, so a single bug can bring down an entire system. Building robust software requires deep, fundamental changes in the architecture of the entire software stack, to introduce isolation between components, to introduce hard interfaces, and to specify and verify many more aspects of systems behavior.
Light Scattering Shape Diagnostics for Nano-Agglomerates (2013)

Motivated by light scattering experiments showing enhanced intensity of electric field aligned nano-agglomerates versus randomly oriented nano-agglomerates, we address the theoretical basis for this effect by applying the theory of small angle Rayleigh-Gans-Debye light scattering to oriented nano-clusters generated by classical diffusion-limited cluster–cluster aggregation (DLCA). We show that the shape anisotropy of these clusters is related to the ratio of small angle light scattering for partially aligned and randomly oriented clusters. It is also shown that state-of-the-art small-angle aerosol scattering measurements would have the angular resolution required to measure the shape anisotropy of clusters with 30 to 1000 nano-monomers. For large q, it is shown from the simulations that S(q) for the partially aligned nano-clusters is not proportional to , where Df is the fractal dimension, as it is for randomly oriented clusters. Nano-clusters with a fixed orientation are shown to result in a structure factor with multiple peaks, which might be used to obtain more detailed information about particle structure than shape anisotropy. The measurements reported in the literature showing enhanced scattering for partially aligned soot agglomerates were for angle integrated measurements. Calculation of the integrated light scattering cross-section for the same range of angles and polarization direction as the experiments indicate a significant enhancement of 70% and 120% for two representative aspect ratios. The smaller value overlaps with measured values of the scattering enhancement for oriented soot agglomerates in an electric field. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Molecular organization, biochemical function, cellular role and evolution of NfuA, an atypical Fe‐S carrier (2012)

Biosynthesis of iron-sulphur (Fe-S) proteins is catalysed by multi-protein systems, ISC and SUF. However, 'non-ISC, non-SUF' Fe-S biosynthesis factors have been described, both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Here we report in vitro and in vivo investigations of such a 'non-ISC, non SUF' component, the Nfu proteins. Phylogenomic analysis allowed us to define four subfamilies. Escherichia coli NfuA is within subfamily II. Most members of this subfamily have a Nfu domain fused to a 'degenerate' A-type carrier domain (ATC*) lacking Fe-S cluster co-ordinating Cys ligands. The Nfu domain binds a [4Fe-4S] cluster while the ATC* domain interacts with NuoG (a complex I subunit) and aconitase B (AcnB). In vitro, holo-NfuA promotes maturation of AcnB. In vivo, NfuA is necessary for full activity of complex I under aerobic growth conditions, and of AcnB in the presence of superoxide. NfuA receives Fe-S clusters from IscU/HscBA and SufBCD scaffolds and eventually transfers them to the ATCs IscA and SufA. This study provides significant information on one of the Fe-S biogenesis factors that has been often used as a building block by ISC and/or SUF synthesizing organisms, including bacteria, plants and animals.
Genetic Evidence That Formins Function within the Nucleus (1996)

The murine limb deformity (ld) locus encodes a set of proteins, termed formins, that are required for embryonic limb and kidney development. Previous studies had indicated that these proteins are located in the nucleus and cytoplasm and have biochemical properties consistent with an action within the nucleus. To test the notion that nuclear localization is crucial for formin function, we carried out molecular and biochemical studies on three ld alleles. We show that two transgene-induced alleles, ldTgHd and ldTgBri, generate similar COOH-truncated formins that lack the terminal 110 amino acids, while a third allele, ldIn2, generates a less extensively truncated formin that lacks the terminal 42 amino acids. Using subcellular fractionation analysis, we find that wild-type formin is detected in both nuclear and cytosolic fractions; in contrast, the truncated formins encoded by ldTgHd and ldTgBri are strictly cytosolic. The less extensively truncated ldIn2 formin shows a similar, but less complete, localization defect. Consistent with this weaker cellular phenotype, hind limbs from ldIn2 mice have milder skeletal defects than those of ldTgBri mice. These observations define a small region in the carboxyl terminus that is required for nuclear localization and suggest that nuclear localization plays a role in formin action.
Increased Expression of Gelatinases and Collagenase in Rat Lungs Exposed to 100% Oxygen (1996)

Exposure of adult rats to 100% O2 produces a lethal injury by 72 h. We reasoned that matrix metalloproteinases participate in the pathogenesis of hyperoxic lung injury. To that end we studied the expression and activity of gelatinases A and B and interstitial collagenase in lung tissues and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of rats exposed to 100% oxygen for 60 h. Gelatin zymography of BALF samples revealed a 472 kDa molecular species both in controls and oxygen-exposed animals. In addition, BALF from hyperoxic rats exhibited a 95-kDa gelatinase. Likewise, BALF total gelatinolytic and collagenolytic activities were significantly increased in oxygen-exposed rats. In situ hybridization revealed an increase in type IV collagenases as well as interstitial collagenase mRNAs in the oxygen-exposed lungs. The three enzymes were expressed by alveolar macrophages, and in variable degrees by interstitial and alveolar epithelial cells. Immunoreactive gelatinase B and collagenase paralleled the cell localization of the mRNAs but were also detected in the alveolar walls and interstitium. In situ zymography showed gelatinolytic activity in frozen sections of oxygen-exposed lungs but not in normal lungs. The upregulation of these metalloproteinases during acute exposure to 100% O2 suggests that they might contribute to hyperoxic lung damage through the degradation of extracellular matrix components.
Stress induced anisotropy in CoFeMn soft magnetic nanocomposites (2015)

The use of processing techniques to create magnetic anisotropy in soft magnetic materials is a well-known method to control permeability and losses. In nanocomposite materials, field annealing below the Curie temperature results in uniaxial anisotropy energies up to ∼2 kJ/m3. Higher anisotropies up to ∼10 kJ/m3 result after annealing Fe-Si compositions under stress due to residual stress in the amorphous matrix acting on body centered cubic crystals. This work describes near zero magnetostriction Co80−x−yFexMnyNb4B14Si2 soft magnetic nanocomposites, where x and y &amp;lt; 8 at.% with close packed crystalline grains that show stress induced anisotropies up to ∼50 kJ/m3 and improved mechanical properties with respect to Fe-Si compositions. Difference patterns measured using transmission X-ray diffraction show evidence of affine strain with respect to the stress axis.
FOXC2 controls formation and maturation of lymphatic collecting vessels through cooperation with NFATc1 (2009)

The mechanisms of blood vessel maturation into distinct parts of the blood vasculature such as arteries, veins, and capillaries have been the subject of intense investigation over recent years. In contrast, our knowledge of lymphatic vessel maturation is still fragmentary. In this study, we provide a molecular and morphological characterization of the major steps in the maturation of the primary lymphatic capillary plexus into collecting lymphatic vessels during development and show that forkhead transcription factor Foxc2 controls this process. We further identify transcription factor NFATc1 as a novel regulator of lymphatic development and describe a previously unsuspected link between NFATc1 and Foxc2 in the regulation of lymphatic maturation. We also provide a genome-wide map of FOXC2-binding sites in lymphatic endothelial cells, identify a novel consensus FOXC2 sequence, and show that NFATc1 physically interacts with FOXC2-binding enhancers. As damage to collecting vessels is a major cause of lymphatic dysfunction in humans, our results suggest that FOXC2 and NFATc1 are potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
4H-SIC VERTICAL RESURF SCHOTTKY RECTIFIERS AND MOSFETS (2007)

This work presents a vertical RESURF structure, which utilizes 2-dimensional depletion in semiconductor to achieve high blocking capability. This approach is then implemented into both 4 H - SiC Schottky rectifiers and MOSFETs. Device characteristics are analyzed with numerical simulations and compared with both conventional Schottky rectifiers and Superjunction structure. Design-of-Experiment (DOE) is also used to optimize the trade-off between several design parameters.
Understanding and Designing Novel H- Ionic Conductors Based on First Principles Calculations (2017)

In contrast to proton (H + ) conductor materials, hydride ion (H - ) conductors are exceedingly rare in nature. Hydride ions are attractive charge carriers with a strong reducing property comparable to that of Mg, indicating potential high voltage and high energy densities. Recently, pure H - conduction in new La 2-x-y Sr x+y LiH 1-x+y O 3-y oxyhydrides has been demonstrated in experiments, opening a promising avenue for exploring new battery chemistry based on hydride ions. In this presentation, we will elucidate the H - diffusion mechanism in the distinctive structures of these new oxyhydrides, using first principles calculations. On the basis of our newly gained understandings of H - diffusion, we performed first principles computation to further optimize and design the oxyhydrides with enhanced properties. Our study demonstrated first principles computation approach for in-depth understanding of new materials and accelerated materials designing with enhanced properties, and is highly transferable to other materials.
Detection of polymorphisms in the estradiol 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II gene at the EDH17B2 locus on 17q11–q21 (1993)

The human estradiol 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase II (17 beta-HSD II) gene has been assigned by somatic cell hybridization to chromosome 17q11-q21, near the region of assignment of the gene BRCA1, which is involved in hereditary breast-ovarian cancer. The nucleotide sequence of 17 beta-HSD II was completely determined in four unrelated individuals. Direct sequencing of PCR fragments that span the complete 17 beta-HSD II gene revealed a total of 11 allelic variants which were due to single base substitutions. The presence of these variants was then studied in twenty six additional unrelated individuals. There were nine frequent and two rare polymorphisms. Seven of the 11 polymorphisms were in complete linkage disequilibrium. These polymorphisms in the 17 beta-HSD II gene provide markers that can be used for the genetic mapping of this locus, and may be used to establish whether 17 beta-HSD II is a candidate gene for hereditary breast-ovarian cancer.
Efficacy of Colchicine in Non-Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (2021)

ABSTRACT Background Evidence suggests the role of an inflammatory storm in COVID-19 complications. Colchicine is an orally administered, anti-inflammatory medication beneficial in gout, pericarditis and coronary disease. Methods We performed a randomized, double-blind trial involving non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing or clinical criteria. The patients were randomly assigned to receive colchicine (0.5 mg twice daily for 3 days and once daily thereafter) or placebo for 30 days. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of death or hospitalization for COVID-19. Results A total of 4488 patients were enrolled. The primary endpoint occurred in 4.7% of the patients in the colchicine group and 5.8% of those in the placebo group (odds ratio, 0.79; 95.1% confidence interval (CI), 0.61 to 1.03; P=0.08). Among the 4159 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, the primary endpoint occurred in 4.6% and 6.0% of patients in the colchicine and placebo groups, respectively (odds ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.57 to 0.99; P=0.04). In these patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, the odds ratios were 0.75 (95% CI, 0.57 to 0.99) for hospitalization due to COVID-19, 0.50 (95% CI, 0.23 to 1.07) for mechanical ventilation, and 0.56 (95% CI, 0.19 to 1.66) for death. Serious adverse events were reported in 4.9% and 6.3% in the colchicine and placebo groups (P=0.05); pneumonia occurred in 2.9% and 4.1% of patients (P=0.02). Diarrhea was reported in 13.7% and 7.3% in the colchicine and placebo groups (P&lt;0.0001). Conclusion Among non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19, colchicine reduces the composite rate of death or hospitalization. (COLCORONA ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT04322682 )
Water Extract of Korean Red Ginseng Stimulates Angiogenesis by Activating the PI3K/Akt-Dependent ERK1/2 and eNOS Pathways in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (2007)

Angiogenesis is important for promoting cardiovascular disease, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. We investigated the effects of Korean red ginseng water extract (KRGE) on angiogenesis and its underlying signal mechanism. KRGE increased in vitro proliferation, migration, and tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells, as well as stimulated in vivo angiogenesis without increasing VEGF expression. KRGE-induced angiogenesis was accompanied by phosphorylation of ERK1/2, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (Akt), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) as well as an increase in NO production. Inhibition of PI3K activity by wortmannin completely inhibited KRGE-induced angiogenesis and phosphorylation of Akt, ERK1/2, and eNOS, indicating that PI3K/Akt activation is an upstream event of the KRGE-mediated angiogenic pathway. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 blocked KRGE-induced ERK1/2 phosphorylation without affecting Akt and eNOS activation. However, the eNOS inhibitor N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine effectively inhibited tube formation, but partially blocked proliferation and migration as well as ERK phosphorylation, without altering Akt and eNOS activation, revealing that the eNOS/NO pathway is partially involved in ERK1/2 activation. This study demonstrated that KRGE stimulates in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis through the activation of the PI3K/Akt-dependent ERK1/2 and eNOS signal pathways and their cross talk.
Does Bone Morphogenetic Protein Increasethe Incidence of Perioperative Complicationsin Spinal Fusion? (2011)

BMP use with anterior cervical fusion was associated with an increased incidence of complications. Use of BMP was not associated with more complications in thoracolumbar and posterior cervical fusions.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIPROTOZOAL ACTIVITY OF 2,5‐BIS(4‐GUANYLPHENYL)FURANS (1977)

Abstract Aus den Dibenzoyläthanen (I) entstehen die Bis‐bromphenyl‐furane (IIa), die zu den Nitrilen austauschen und dann in zahlreiche acyclische und cyclische Amidine (III) übergeführt werden.
A Multiple Target High Precision Laser Range Measurement System Based on the FMCW Concept (2003)

Optical distance measurement systems are well suited for achieving very high measurement accuracies due to the small measurement spot. Unfortunately most of the existing commercial measurement systems suffer from their limitation to one target only. In this article an optical measurement system is described that is able to work even in complex multi target environments like in closed vessels where the measurement signal has to pass through a process window. The system is based on the FMCW concept allowing large bandwidths of more than 2 GHz. Another feature is a baseband phase-locked-loop (PLL) linearization of the frequency ramp generated inside a broadband high frequency oscillator. This PLL guarantees for a highly linear and reproducible frequency generation and thus is the basis for stable and precise measurement results. Measurements on a prototype system underline the good functionality of the concept.
On-line waveform monitoring system for the design and characterization of MIMO RF PAs (2011)

A measurement system capable of relative waveform measurement and on-wafer power de-embedding is presented in this paper. A comprehensive description and calibration mechanism of the developed measurement system is reported. The calibration methodology has been implemented on a two-port Microwave Transition Analyzer (MTA) but is readily applicable to multiport receiver system. The calibration strategy is based on reflection measurement using open-short-load (OSL) calibration standards at each port of the measurement system. The proposed calibration algorithm is fast, simple and accurate for power de-embedding and waveform monitoring. This kind of on-wafer power de-embedding and waveform monitoring is helpful in the design of switching mode power amplifiers (PAs). Finally, the relative waveform measurement of a 3W GaAs FET demonstrates that the developed system is capable of accurately monitoring the input and output ports of multiport microwave devices.
Sustainable existence of solid mercury (Hg) nanoparticles at room temperature and their applications (2021)

Although liquid mercury (Hg) has been known since antiquity, the formation of stable solid nano forms of Hg at room temperature has not been reported so far. Here, for the first time, we report a simple sonochemical route to obtain solid mercury nanoparticles, stabilized by reduced graphene oxide at ambient conditions. The as-formed solid Hg nanoparticles were found to exhibit remarkable rhombohedral morphology and crystallinity at room temperature. Extensive characterization using various physicochemical techniques revealed the unique properties of the solid nanoparticles of Hg compared to its bulk liquid metal phase. Furthermore, the solid nature of the Hg nanoparticles was studied electrochemically, revealing distinctive properties. We believe that solid Hg nanoparticles have the potential for important applications in the fields of electroanalytical chemistry and electrocatalysis.