gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rough Surface Effects on Film Cooling of the Suction Side Surface of a Turbine Vane (2003)

In-service turbine airfoils generally have surface roughness much greater than new airfoils due to deposition, erosion, and spallation. This surface roughness has the effects of promoting early transition and increasing surface friction and heat transfer rates. When film cooling is used on the airfoil, the surface roughness affects film cooling performance by changing the approach boundary layer flow, and by increasing the turbulent mixing downstream of coolant injection. Previous studies of surface roughness effects on film cooling performance have used flat surface wind tunnel facilities. The present study was unique in using a simulated vane test facility. Hence it is the first study of surface roughness effects on film cooling of a highly curved surface. In our experiments, effects of roughness upstream and downstream of coolant injection were studied. Combined effects of leading edge showerhead injection and high mainstream turbulence levels were also investigated. In this study, determination of the effects on film cooling performance was limited to measurements of adiabatic effectiveness. Each configuration was tested over a range of blowing ratios and with a density ratio of 1.6. In each case roughness caused a significant degradation in adiabatic effectiveness. Roughness was observed to have a much greater effect on adiabatic effectiveness on the vane geometry than previous studies had observed using flat surfaces.
Low‐latency Radio‐interface Perspectives for Small‐cell5GNetworks (2016)

The exponential growth projections for mobile data traffic have initiated a significant research effort on 5G wireless access. The 5G solutions should provide at least a tenfold reduction in latency, a tenfold improvement in peak data rates, a hundredfold improvement in area capacity, and a thousandfold improvement in energy efficiency over 4G solutions. Several innovations and new concepts of network layers, protocol layers, and hardware are required to achieve these targets. In this chapter, we consider one option for a new centimeter-wave radio interface for 5G, which will support dense small-cell networks and ultra-low-latency communications. We start by describing the expected channel environments for below-6-GHz carriers and for 38-GHz and 60-GHz carriers. Then we briefly discuss the traffic expectations and ways of modeling the traffic. Based on these, we define requirements for a new frame design and discuss our new physical layer numerology and frame design entitled 5GETLA. We provide a detailed description of how sub-millisecond round-trip-times are achieved with our design and explain how reduced latency leads to improved energy and spectral efficiency. We also discuss the multiple-input multiple-output reference symbol layout and show that significant overhead savings can be achieved when compared to LTE-A. Finally, we extend the reference frame design to millimeter-wave communications and describe two designs: one for line-of-sight and one for non-line-of-sight communications. These designs provide ultra-low latency and ultra-dense spatial reuse wireless access with multi-gigabit data rates for end users. In the conclusion, we wrap-up the discussion related to the new low-latency radio interfaces and indicate the most important open topics for research in the area of low-latency 5G physical layer design for ultra-dense small-cell communications.
Protocol Design Beyond Graph-Based Models. (2006)

In this paper we shed new light on the fundamental gap between graph-based models used by protocol designers and fading channel models used by communication theorists in wireless networks. We experimentally demonstrate that graph-based models capture real-world phenomena inadequately. Consequentially, we advocate studying models beyond graphs even for protocol-design. In the main part of the paper we present an archetypal multi-hop situation. We show that the theoretical limits of any protocol which obeys the laws of graph-based models can be broken by a protocol explicitly defined for the physical model. Finally, we discuss possible applications, from data gathering to media access control. 1
A Wafer‐Level Integrated White‐Light‐Emitting Diode Incorporating Colloidal Quantum Dots as a Nanocomposite Luminescent Material (2012)

High-brightness, color-tunable colloidal quantum dots are incorporated in 3D nanoporous GaN to create a nanocomposite material (CQD/NP-GaN), which is demonstrated to be an effective approach for a wavelength down-conversion nanomaterial in solid-state lighting. The white-light-emitting diode (LED) made from a blue GaN-based LED and the CQD/NP-GaN shows an increase of extraction efficiency by a factor of 2, a controllable white color, and a down-conversion quantum efficiency as high as 82%.
Intercalation of biomolecules in the MnPS3 layered phase (2003)

Lysine, poly-lysine and lysozyme were successfully intercalated in the MnPS3 layered phases. Intercalates were characterised by elemental and thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray powder diffraction. Biomolecules conformation between the layers appears to result from the optimisation of the host–guest interactions. Moreover, infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry measurements suggest that lysozyme is not denatured by the intercalation process.
Compact, Two-Port, Slot, Antenna for Dual-Band WiFi 2x2 MIMO Applications (2019)

This paper presents a novel planar compact two-port slot antenna for 2.45GHz/ 5.5GHz dual-band WiFi 2x2 MIMO applications. The antenna's two ports are very well matched in the two bands of interest with a good isolation (respectively -11.7dB and -31dB in the two bands) and radiation efficiency (above 96%). The antenna different parameters are presented and thoroughly analyzed revealing a satisfactory performance.
Synthesis of Biologically Active Piperidine Metabolites of Clopidogrel: Determination of Structure and Analyte Development (2015)

Clopidogrel is a prodrug anticoagulant with active metabolites that irreversibly inhibit the platelet surface GPCR P2Y12 and thus inhibit platelet activation. However, gaining an understanding of patient response has been limited due to imprecise understanding of metabolite activity and stereochemistry, and a lack of acceptable analytes for quantifying in vivo metabolite formation. Methods for the production of all bioactive metabolites of clopidogrel, their stereochemical assignment, and the development of stable analytes via three conceptually orthogonal routes are disclosed.
A New View of Bone Loss in Phenylketonuria (2021)

Osteopenia is common in phenylalanine hydroxylase deficient phenylketonuria (PKU). PKU is managed by limiting dietary phenylalanine. Osteopenia in PKU might reflect a therapeutic diet, with reduced bone forming materials. However, osteopenia occurs in patients who never received dietary therapy or following short-term therapy. Humans and animal studies find no correlation between bone loss, plasma hyperphenylalaninemia, bone formation, and resorption markers. Work in the Pah<sup>enu2</sup> mouse recently showed a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) developmental defect in the osteoblast pathway. Specifically, Pah<sup>enu2</sup> MSCs are affected by energy dysregulation and oxidative stress. In PKU, MSCs oximetry and respirometry show mitochondrial respiratory-chain complex 1 deficit and over-representation of superoxide, producing reactive oxygen species affecting mitochondrial function. Similar mechanisms are involved in aging bone and other rare defects including alkaptonuria and homocysteinemia. Novel interventions to support energy and reduce oxidative stress may restore bone formation PKU patients, and in metabolic diseases with related mechanisms.
Increased blood pressure in mice lacking cytochrome P450 2J5 (2008)

The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes participate in a wide range of biochemical functions, including metabolism of arachidonic acid and steroid hormones. Mouse CYP2J5 is abundant in the kidney where its products, the cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), modulate sodium transport and vascular tone. To define the physiological role of CYP2J5 in the kidney, knockout mice were generated using a conventional gene targeting approach. Cyp2j5 (-/-) mice develop normally and exhibit no overt renal pathology. While renal EET biosynthesis was apparently unaffected by the absence of CYP2J5, deficiency of this CYP in female mice was associated with increased blood pressure, enhanced proximal tubular transport rates, and exaggerated afferent arteriolar responses to angiotensin II and endothelin I. Interestingly, plasma 17beta-estradiol levels were reduced in female Cyp2j5 (-/-) mice and estrogen replacement restored blood pressure and vascular responsiveness to normal levels. There was no evidence of enhanced estrogen metabolism, or altered expression or activities of steroidogenic enzymes in female Cyp2j5 (-/-) mice, but their plasma levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone were inappropriately low. Together, our findings illustrate a sex-specific role for CYP2J5 in regulation of blood pressure, proximal tubular transport, and afferent arteriolar responsiveness via an estrogen-dependent mechanism.
Solid Electrolyte Carbon Dioxide Sensor Using Sodium-Ion Conductor and Li2CO3-BaCO3 Electrode (1992)

A sodium-ion conductor (Na 3 Zr 2 Si 2 PO 12 : NASICON)-based CO 2 sensor using a Li 2 CO 3 -BaCO 3 electrode responded very well to CO 2 in air over a wide temperature range of 270-600°C. The sensor responses, electromotive force (EMF), to varying partial pressure of CO 2 ( P CO 2 ) were in accordace with a 2-electron reaction of CO 2 . On the other hand, the sensor response to a fixed P CO 2 (2×10 -3 atm) was almost independent of partial pressure of O 2 ( P O 2 ) at temperatures above 450°C, while at 305°C and below, it depended on P O 2 in a manner similar to a 2-electron reactionof O 2 . Thus, two types of sensing electrode reactions were indicated to occur depending on working temperature.
Scene and human face recognition in the central vision of patients with glaucoma (2018)

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) firstly mainly affects peripheral vision. Current behavioral studies support the idea that visual defects of patients with POAG extend into parts of the central visual field classified as normal by static automated perimetry analysis. This is particularly true for visual tasks involving processes of a higher level than mere detection. The purpose of this study was to assess visual abilities of POAG patients in central vision. Patients were assigned to two groups following a visual field examination (Humphrey 24-2 SITA-Standard test). Patients with both peripheral and central defects and patients with peripheral but no central defect, as well as age-matched controls, participated in the experiment. All participants had to perform two visual tasks where low-contrast stimuli were presented in the central 6° of the visual field. A categorization task of scene images and human face images assessed high-level visual recognition abilities. In contrast, a detection task using the same stimuli assessed low-level visual function. The difference in performance between detection and categorization revealed the cost of high-level visual processing. Compared to controls, patients with a central visual defect showed a deficit in both detection and categorization of all low-contrast images. This is consistent with the abnormal retinal sensitivity as assessed by perimetry. However, the deficit was greater for categorization than detection. Patients without a central defect showed similar performances to the controls concerning the detection and categorization of faces. However, while the detection of scene images was well-maintained, these patients showed a deficit in their categorization. This suggests that the simple loss of peripheral vision could be detrimental to scene recognition, even when the information is displayed in central vision. This study revealed subtle defects in the central visual field of POAG patients that cannot be predicted by static automated perimetry assessment using Humphrey 24-2 SITA-Standard test.
On the Influence of Fuel Distribution on the Flame Structure of Bluff-Body Stabilized Flames (2013)

This paper describes recent learning on the flame structure associated with bluff-body stabilized flames and the influence of the fuel distribution with nonpremixed, jet-in-crossflow fuel injection. Recent experimental and analytical results disclosing the flame structure are discussed in relation to classical combustion reaction zone regimes. Chemiluminescence and planar fluorescence imaging of OH* radicals as an indicator of the flame zone are analyzed from various tests conducted at Georgia Tech using a two-dimensional vane-type bluffbody with simple wall-orifice fuel injectors. The results described in this paper support the view that combustion occurs in separated flame zones aligned with the non-premixed fuel distribution associated with the fuel jets that are very stable and contribute to flame stability at low fuel flow rates. The experimental data is also compared with computational reacting flow large-eddy simulations and interpreted in terms of the fundamental reaction zone regimes for premixed flames. For the conditions of the present experiment, the results indicate combustion occurs over a wide range of flame regimes including the broken reaction zone or separated flamelet regimes.
A New Type of Blue-Light-Emitting Electroluminescent Polymer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Type of Blue-Light-Emitting Electroluminescent PolymerJin-Kyu Lee, Richard R. Schrock, Derek R. Baigent, and Richard H. FriendCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 6, 1966–1971Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00110a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00110a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Compact modeling and performance analysis of Double-Gate MOSFET-based circuits (2006)

This paper presents the implementation in an analog IC circuit simulator (Eldo TM ) of a compact model for symmetric Double-Gate (DG) MOSFET and the evaluation of performances of simple DG-based circuits. A compact model for intrinsic long channel DG devices including analytical drain current and node charges for both n- and pchannel DG transistors are implemented in Eldo. The model is firstly validated by DC numerical simulations in terms of drain current. Secondly, the transient characteristics of DG-based inverters and ring oscillators are simulated in Eldo. The inverter time responses as well as the inverter delays are finally compared to numerical results obtained via a mixed-mode simulation approach.
Fluorine-19 NMR study of the myosin and tropomyosin binding sites on actin (1990)

Actin was labeled with pentafluorophenyl isothiocyanate at Lys-61. The label was sufficiently small not to affect the rate or extent of actin polymerization unlike the much larger fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate which completely inhibits actin polymerization [Burtnick, L. D. (1984) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 791, 57-62]. Furthermore, the label resonances in the 376.3-MHz 19F NMR spectrum were unaffected by actin polymerization. However, the binding of the relaxing protein tropomyosin resulted in the fluorinated Lys-61 resonances broadening out beyond detection due to a substantial increase in the effective correlation time of the label. Similarly, the binding of myosin subfragment 1 to F-actin resulted in the dramatic broadening of the labeled Lys-61 resonances. Thus, Lys-61 on actin appears to be closely associated with the binding sites for both tropomyosin and myosin, suggesting that both these proteins can compete for the same site on actin. The other region of actin known to be involved in myosin binding, Cys-10, was found to be more remote from the actin-actin interfaces than Lys-61. Labels on Cys-10 exhibited substantially greater mobility than fluorescein 5-isothiocyanate attached to Lys-61 which appeared to be held down on the surface of the actin monomer. This may sterically hinder the actin-actin interaction about 1 nm from the tropomyosin/myosin binding site.
Sparsity and Heterogeneous Dropout for Continual Learning in the Null Space of Neural Activations (2022)

Continual/lifelong learning from a non-stationary input data stream is a cornerstone of intelligence. Despite their phenomenal performance in a wide variety of applications, deep neural networks are prone to forgetting their previously learned information upon learning new ones. This phenomenon is called "catastrophic forgetting" and is deeply rooted in the stability-plasticity dilemma. Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in deep neural networks has become an active field of research in recent years. In particular, gradient projection-based methods have recently shown exceptional performance at overcoming catastrophic forgetting. This paper proposes two biologically-inspired mechanisms based on sparsity and heterogeneous dropout that significantly increase a continual learner's performance over a long sequence of tasks. Our proposed approach builds on the Gradient Projection Memory (GPM) framework. We leverage k-winner activations in each layer of a neural network to enforce layer-wise sparse activations for each task, together with a between-task heterogeneous dropout that encourages the network to use non-overlapping activation patterns between different tasks. In addition, we introduce two new benchmarks for continual learning under distributional shift, namely Continual Swiss Roll and ImageNet SuperDog-40. Lastly, we provide an in-depth analysis of our proposed method and demonstrate a significant performance boost on various benchmark continual learning problems.
Genetic Transformation of an argB Mutant of Aspergillus oryzae (1988)

An argB mutant of Aspergillus oryzae NRRL 492 has been genetically transformed with the Aspergillus nidulans argB gene. Protoplasts were generated with a combination of Novozyme 234 and beta-glucuronidase and regenerated on sucrose-stabilized minimal medium without arginine as described for A. nidulans. A frequency of 5 to 10 transformants per mug of DNA was obtained; however, most transformants appeared abortive. The A. nidulans argB gene and vector sequences appeared to be integrated into the A. oryzae chromosome.
An Improved Timing Synchronization Scheme for BOC Signals (2007)

Binary offset carrier (BOC) signal synchronization is one of the most important steps to recover the transmitted information in a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) such as Galileo and global positioning system (GPS). Generally, BOC signal synchronization is achieved based on the correlation between the received and locally generated BOC signals. Thus, the multiple side-peaks in BOC autocorrelation are one of the main error sources in synchronizing BOC signals. Recently, a novel correlation function with reduced side-peaks was proposed for BOC signal synchronization by Julien [8]; however, Julien's correlation function not only still has the side-peaks, but also is only applicable to sine phased BOC(n, n), where n is the ratio of the pseudo random noise (PRN) code rate to 1.023 MHz. In this paper, we propose a new correlation function for BOC signal synchronization, which does not have any side-peaks and is applicable to general types of BOC signals, sine/cosine phased BOC(kn, n), where k is the ratio of a PRN chip duration to the period of a square wave sub-carrier used in BOC modulation. In addition, an efficient correlator structure is presented for generating the proposed correlation function.
Porosity Control for Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy of GaN Nanowires (2019)

We report on the bottom-up fabrication, by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, of monocrystalline GaN solid, hollow, and c-shape nanowires deposited in a compact fashion. The shape exhibited by these nanostructures varies from solid to c-shape and hollow nanowires. They were epitaxially grown with their [0001] directions perpendicular with respect to different surfaces of Si substrates. Advanced studies of these GaN nanostructures were carried out by means of selected-area electron diffraction and scanning and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy evidencing their structure and epitaxial alignments with respect to the silicon. Through a comprehensive analysis of the growth conditions (substrate temperature and Ga and N* fluxes) we demonstrate that a local Ga-limited regime is the mechanism behind the particular shape of these nanostructures. Additionally, spectroscopic ellipsometry studies, applying a model based on Bruggeman effective medium approximations and taking into account several aspects related to the nature of these GaN nanostructures, were carried out to obtain valuable information about the evolution of the optical constants and the porosity along the layer. This work shows a way to control the porosity and shape of GaN nanowires by varying the growth conditions, which could open new horizons in the development of GaN nanostructures for future applications.
Morphology analysis of near IR sensitized polymer/fullerene organic solar cells by implementing low bandgap heteroanalogue C-/Si-PCPDTBT (2014)

In the current work, we have investigated the morphological aspects of the ternary solar cells based on host matrices of P3HT:PCBM and P3HT:ICBA, using the low bandgap polymer analogues of C- and Si-bridged PCPDTBT as near IR sensitizers, which show noticeably different performance. A direct comparison of these well-functional and poorly functional ternary blend systems provides insights into the bottlenecks of device performance and enables us to set up an initial set of design rules for ternary organic solar cells. Our study reveals the importance of surface energy as a driving force controlling sensitizer location and morphology formation of ternary blends. The interfacial surface energy results indicate that Si-PCPDTBT locates at amorphous interfaces and P3HT crystallites, while C-PCPDTBT tends to accumulate at amorphous interfaces and semi-crystalline (or agglomerated) domains of the fullerene derivatives. GIWAXS and SCLC results support this prediction where adding high content of C-PCPDTBT influences mainly the semi-crystallinity (aggregation) of the fullerene and reduces the electron mobility, but Si-PCPDTBT impacts mainly the P3HT ordering and, in turn, deteriorates the hole mobility. These findings show that the disruption of the fullerene semi-crystalline domains is more detrimental to the device performance than the disruption of the polymer domains.