gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Boronates Bearing a Trisubstituted Alkenyl Fluoride and Related Derivatives (2019)

Abstract The first catalytic method for diastereo‐ and enantioselective synthesis of allylic boronates bearing a Z ‐trisubstituted alkenyl fluoride is disclosed. Boryl substitution is performed with either a Z ‐ or E ‐allyldifluoride and is catalyzed by bisphosphine/Cu complexes, affording products in up to 99 % yield with &gt;98:2 Z / E selectivity and 99:1 enantiomeric ratio. A variety of subsequent modifications are feasible, and notable examples are diastereoselective additions to aldehydes/aldimines to access homoallylic alcohols/amines containing a fluorosubstituted stereogenic quaternary center.
Abstract 19709: Increasing Ca2+ Influx After Myocardial Infarction Improves Myocyte Contractility but Depresses Cardiac Pump Function by Increasing Myocyte Death (2010)

Introduction: Myocardial infarction (MI) causes death of cardiac tissue and depresses cardiac pump performance. Increasing the contractility of the surviving myocytes is one therapy thought to improve the function of the failing heart. However inotropic therapy involving sympathetic agonists can induce cell death and induce arrhythmias. We tested if increasing myocyte contractility without activating sympathetic signaling, by increasing Ca influx (ICa-L), would improve post MI heart function. Methods: Double transgenic mouse lines with inducible (Tet-off system) and cardiac myocyte specific overexpression of the β2a subunit of the L-type Ca2+ channel were used to increase ICa-L. ICa-L, and myocyte fractional shortening (FS) and in vivo cardiac function were measured in wild type (WT) and β2a hearts before, and 3 weeks after MI. Apoptosis (TUNEL), fibrosis (Masson's Trichrome staining) and myocyte proliferation (Ki67 staining, a nuclear marker of cellular replication), were measured. Results: ICa-L and FS ...
Collision Avoidance Systems - Advancements and Efficiency (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper first discusses the advancement and challenges in the areas of developing Collision Avoidance Systems, or CAS. CAS have been on the market for a decade, and their development has been rapid. Starting with forward collision warning with brake support, targeting vehicles moving in the same direction in front of the car, CAS now cover pedestrians and cyclists in front of the car as well as vehicles standing still and even some situations of approaching vehicles in crossings. This development up to date is described and discussed according to the challenge areas of detection, decision strategy and intervention strategy.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Next, the paper discusses assessment of system effects on driving safety. Numerous studies have tried to predict the effect of various CAS, and the real world effect of these systems has been shown to be significant. For example, for a standard equipped low-speed CAS, independent studies have found real world benefits in terms of reduction of the rate of rear-end frontal impacts as well as claim frequency rates.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Based on these discussions, several conclusions are drawn. First, the discussion on technical development shows that many CAS are reaching maturity from a technical standpoint. Second, a clear conclusion from the effect studies is that a high market penetration is essential to achieve real-world safety. Standard equipped systems are likely to provide higher real-world benefits, simply through the exposure to traffic they provide.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Together, these lead to a third conclusion which is that while continued technological development remains a core activity, in the future it will be just as important to develop new and improved strategies for pushing consumer take up of CAS. The full safety potential of CAS can only be realized through widespread presence in the vehicle fleet. Finally, if such strategies are successful and CAS fitment rates in the fleet indeed do increase, a shift in the focus of CAS development can be expected. As more and more drivers will need to successfully interact with CAS in critical situations, drivers' acceptance of the CAS becomes critical. Since drivers who have systems fitted as standard rather than option can be expected to show lower acceptance, it is quite possible that future CAS success may come to depend just as much on HMI design as it does on technological prowess.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of rhamnogalacturonase A from Aspergillus aculeatus (1997)

Recombinant rhamnogalacturonase A from Aspergillus aculeatus has been crystallized and X-ray diffraction data has been collected. Crystals were grown by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion technique, under the conditions 10% PEG 8000, 0.05 M KH(2)PO(4) and 0.1 M sodium acetate buffered at pH 3.5. The crystals diffract beyond 2.0 A resolution and belong to one of the orthorhombic space groups I2(1)2(1)2(1) or I222, with the unit-cell parameters a = 62.9, b = 125.4 and c = 137.0 A. There is one molecule in the asymmetric unit and a solvent content of approximately 54%. The enzyme is highly glycosylated corresponding to 5.9 kDa.
Enhanced light-extraction in GaInN near-ultraviolet light-emitting diode with Al-based omnidirectional reflector having NiZn∕Ag microcontacts (2006)

Enhancement of light extraction in a GaInN near-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (LED) employing an Al-based omnidirectional reflector (ODR) consisting of GaN, a SiO2 low-refractive-index layer perforated by an array of NiZn∕Ag microcontacts, and an Al layer is presented. A theoretical calculation reveals that a SiO2∕Al ODR has much higher reflectivity than both a SiO2∕Ag ODR and a Ag reflector at a wavelength of 400nm. It is experimentally shown that GaInN near-ultraviolet LEDs with GaN∕SiO2∕Al ODR have 16% and 38% higher light output than LEDs with SiO2∕Ag ODR and Ag reflector, respectively. The higher light output is attributed to enhanced reflectivity of the Al-based ODR in the near-ultraviolet wavelength range.
Induction of Immunosuppressive CD8+CD25+FOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells by Suboptimal Stimulation with Staphylococcal Enterotoxin C1 (2017)

Abstract Superantigens (SAgs) produced by Staphylococcus aureus at high concentrations induce proliferation of T cells bearing specific TCR Vβ sequences and massive cytokinemia that cause toxic shock syndrome. However, the biological relevance of SAgs produced at very low concentrations during asymptomatic colonization or chronic infections is not understood. In this study, we demonstrate that suboptimal stimulation of human PBMCs with a low concentration (1 ng/ml) of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1, at which half-maximal T cell proliferation was observed, induced CD8+CD25+ T cells expressing markers related to regulatory T cells (Tregs), such as IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β, FOXP3, CD28, CTLA4, TNFR2, CD45RO, and HLA-DR. Importantly, these CD8+CD25+ T cells suppressed responder cell proliferation mediated in contact-dependent and soluble factor–dependent manners, involving galectin-1 and granzymes, respectively. In contrast, optimal stimulation of human PBMCs with a high concentration (1 μg/ml) of staphylococcal enterotoxin C1, at which maximal T cell proliferation was observed, also induced similar expression of markers related to Tregs, including FOXP3 in CD8+CD25+ cells, but these T cells were not functionally immunosuppressive. We further demonstrated that SAg-induced TCR Vβ–restricted and MHC class II–restricted expansion of immunosuppressive CD8+CD25+ T cells is independent of CD4+ T cells. Our results suggest that the concentration of SAg strongly affects the functional characteristics of activated T cells, and low concentrations of SAg produced during asymptomatic colonization or chronic S. aureus infection induce immunosuppressive CD8+ Tregs, potentially promoting colonization, propagation, and invasion of S. aureus in the host.
Correction: A cross-linkable hole transport material having improved mobility through a semi-interpenetrating polymer network approach for solution-processed green PHOLEDs (2018)

Correction for ‘A cross-linkable hole transport material having improved mobility through a semi-interpenetrating polymer network approach for solution-processed green PHOLEDs’ by So-Ra Park <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>J. Mater. Chem. C</italic>, 2018, <bold>6</bold>, 7750–7758.
Viscoelasticity (2014)

No AccessPolymer RheologyNov 2014ViscoelasticityTim Osswald, Natalie RudolphTim OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Natalie RudolphSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905234.005SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2014Pages: 143-185Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-517-3eISBN: 978-1-56990-523-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2015 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Changes in Gene Expression During the Formation of Bioengineered Heart Muscle (2009)

A three-dimensional bioengineered heart muscle (BEHM) construct model had been previously developed, exhibiting contractile forces up to 800 microN. The interest of this study was to determine gene expression levels of biologic markers involved in calcium-handling between BEHM, cell monolayer, and neonatal heart. Cardiac cells were isolated from one litter of F344 rats and organized into groups (n = 5): 4-, 7-, 10-day BEHM and cell monolayer; BEHM was evaluated for cell viability and contractility. Groups were then analyzed for mRNA expression of calcium-handling proteins: myosin heavy chain (MHC) alpha and beta, Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca++ ATPase (SERCA) 2, phospholamban (PBL), and ryanodine receptor. BEHM exhibited electrically stimulated active force (208 +/- 12 microN day 4, 361 +/- 22 microN day 7, and 344 +/- 29 microN day 10) and no decrease in cell number. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed an increase in gene expression of all calcium-handling proteins in BEHM at 7 and 10 days compared with monolayers, for example, comparing BEHM to monolayer (7 and 10 days, respectively), MHC-alpha: 2600-fold increase and a 100-fold increase; MHC-beta: 70-fold increase at 10 days; ryanodine receptor: 74-fold increase at 10 days; SERCA: 19-fold increase and sixfold increase; PBL: 158-fold increase and 24-fold increase. It was concluded that a three-dimensional environment is a better culturing condition of cardiac cells than a monolayer. Also, BEHM constructs demonstrated a high similarity to a native myocardium, and is, thus, a good starting foundation for engineered heart muscle.
O3‐05‐02: Allosteric activation of M1 and M5 provide efficacy in Alzheimer models (2010)

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonists have shown efficacy in preclinical AD models and in AD patients; however, these orthosteric agonists, due to poor mAChR selectivity, have serious GI side effects which precluded their development. M1 and/or M5 are the relevant mAChR subtypes of intetest as targets for AD, and highly selective M1 and M5 activators are needed. Employing functional screening, we identified M1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), M1 allosteric agonists and M5 PAMs. M1 and M5 HTS leads were optimized to provide highly selective, centrally penetrant M1 PAMs, M1 allosteric agonists as well as M5 PAMs. In vitro molecular pharamacological characterization confirmed that these highly M1 or M5 ligands were indeed allosteric ligands, with >100-fold selectivity versus other mAChRs and devois of other ancillary pharmacology. Novel allosteric binding sites were identified for these ligands through mutagenesis studies which also supported the development of mAChR homology models. Different chemotypes of allosteric M1 activators were found to differential effects on downstream receptor signaling; thus, all M1 activation is not equivalent. In vivo electrophysiology and in vivo cognition studies, in both wild type and APP mice, showed robust improvement in cognitive performance. In vitro studies showed a significant decrease in Ab40-42 and a shift in APP processign towards the non-amyloidogeneic pathway. While both were efficacious, M1 allosteric agonists outperformed M1 PAMs. M5 PAMs showed similar, but lessened effects, perhaps due to lower receptor expression or a smaller contribution relative to M1. Data from in vivo electrophysiology, rodent cognition models and transgenic rodent models suggest that selective activation of M1 has both a palliative cognitive benefit as well as disease modification potential in AD. M5 while efficacious, plays a minor role as compared to M1. Thus, M1 allosteric agonists represent a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
Short Synthesis of 2,4-Disubstituted 1,3-Oxathiolane and 1,3-Dithiolane Cytosine Nucleosides: Facile Introduction of a 4-Benzoate Group Using Benzoyl Peroxide (1998)

benzoyl peroxide - benzoate as leaving group - 1,3-oxathiolane - 1,3-dithiolane - pyrimidine bases - TMSI - cis nucleoside analogs selectively
Two-dimensional transverse cracking in [Om/90n]s cross-ply laminates (1993)

Linear elastic fracture mechanics in combination with a stress analysis based on the principle of minimum complementary energy is used. The proposed model accounts for nonuniform stress distribution in both the specimen length and thickness direction. The 90° layer is considered to be composed of two sublayers, where one is cracked and the other uncracked
Highly reliable high-power AlGaAs/GaAs 808 nm diode laser bars (2007)

There are strong demands at the market to increase power and reliability for 808 nm diode laser bars. Responding to this JENOPTIK Diode Lab GmbH developed high performance 808 nm diode laser bars in the AlGaAs/GaAs material system with special emphasis to high power operation and long term stability. Optimization of the epitaxy structure and improvements in the diode laser bar design results in very high slope efficiency of >1.2 W/A, low threshold current and small beam divergence in slow axis direction. Including low serial resistance the overall wall plug efficiency is up to 65% for our 20%, 30% and 50% filling factor 10 mm diode laser bars. With the JENOPTIK Diode Lab cleaving and coating technique the maximum output power is 205 W in CW operation and 377 W in QCW operation (200 &mgr;s, 2% duty cycle) for bars with 50% filling factor. These bars mounted on micro channel cooled package are showing a very high reliability of >15.000 h. Mounted on conductive cooled package high power operation at 100 W is demonstrated for more than 5000h.
Everywhere messaging (2000)

By “;everywhere messaging” we refer to the ability to send and receive electronic communication at any time and through a variety of means, including wired and wireless computer networks, voice telephones, and pagers. Our goal is to design messaging systems in which the receiver is always “on” and available, and messages are correctly chosen for unintrusive delivery. But even in the office, and especially out of it, message arrival must compete in the real world with other activities that place demands on users' cognition and for which message alerting may itself be a distraction. In this paper we consider four experimental projects in terms of their ability to meet everywhere messaging requirements of minimizing interruption, adaptation to the user, location awareness, and unintrusive user interfaces. These projects demonstrate message filtering, location-specific delivery, flexible auditory alerting, and operation in, and monitoring of, a heterogenous networking environment.
Higher-dimensional segmentation by minimum-cut algorithm (2005)

It is important in many applications of 3D and higher dimensional segmentation that the resulting segments of voxels are not required to have only one connected component, as in some of extant methods. Indeed, it is generally necessary to be able to automatically determine the appropriate number of connected components. More generally, for a larger class of applications, the segments should have no topological restrictions at all. For instance, each connected component should be allowed to have as many holes as appropriate to fit the data. We propose a method based on a graph algorithm to automatically segment 3D and higher-dimensional images into two segments without user intervention, with no topological restriction on the solution, and in such a way that the solution is optimal under a precisely defined optimization criterion. 1
Laparoscopic Cystoprostatectomy With Intracorporeally Constructed Ileal Conduit (2000)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Video Review: Ureteroscopy/Laparoscopy/Bladder Reconstruction1 Dec 2000Laparoscopic Cystoprostatectomy With Intracorporeally Constructed Ileal Conduit Julio M. Pow-Sang and M.D. Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Julio M. Pow-SangJulio M. Pow-Sang More articles by this author and Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)67003-6AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Laparoscopic Cystoprostatectomy With Intracorporeally Constructed Ileal Conduit." The Journal of Urology, 164(6), p. 2201 References 1 : Laparoscopic radical cystoprostatectomy with ileal conduit performed completely intracorporeally: the initial 2 cases. Urology2000; 56: 26. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar © 2000FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 164Issue 6December 2000Page: 2201 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2000MetricsAuthor Information Julio M. Pow-Sang More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Role of oxide surface radicals for methane carbon-hydrogen bond activation and subsequent reactions on molybdena: molecular orbital theory (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of oxide surface radicals for methane carbon-hydrogen bond activation and subsequent reactions on molybdena: molecular orbital theoryS. P. Mehandru, Alfred B. Anderson, James F. Brazdil, and Robert K. GrasselliCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 11, 2930–2934Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/j100295a056RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (675 KB) Get e-Alerts
Hybrid algorithm for compact and stable macromodelling of parameterised frequency responses (2009)

A novel hybrid technique for the macromodelling of parameterised frequency responses is presented. A more compact model representation is proposed that guarantees stability of the poles by construction. It is shown that accurate parametric macromodels can be calculated using a reduced amount of model coefficients and data samples. The obtained macromodels can be used for efficient real-time design space exploration, design optimisation and sensitivity analysis.
High throughput microfluidic cell array for cytotoxicity screening (2008)

A microfluidic array with micro cell sieves was designed to fabricate multiple cells array for high-throughput cell cytotoxicity screening. Micro channels in both directions (column and row) were individually addressable by using a set of elastomeric monolithic array valves, enabling parallel loading of various cell lines in one direction and introducing of different toxins in the other direction. Several micro cell sieves were designed in each chamber. Cell number and distribution in chambers can be conveniently controlled by the adjustment of cell sieve number, distribution and size. Fluid transport property and cell loading in chamber were simulated and verified experimentally. The capability of the microfluidic array was demonstrated for seeding multiple mammalian cell lines in chambers and observing the cell viabilities after cells exposed to different toxins with a fluorescence microscope.
Unexpected Complication of Central Venous Catheter Exchange: Catheter Fragment Migration (2020)

Tunneled central venous catheter (TCVC) placement is often an easy and uncomplicated procedure. As such, some clinicians pay little attention to the procedure, and different complications occurred. Catheter fragment loss in major vessels is a rare but serious complication of in situ catheter exchange with few reported cases in the literature. Once catheter fragments slip into a deep vein, endovascular retrieval should be attempted, due to its high success rate and minimal associated morbidity. A 37-year-old male patient underwent replacement of his temporary catheter with TCVC through a trans-right-internal-jugular-vein approach for maintenance of dialysis. As a major unintended outcome of the operation, a catheter fragment slipped into the right internal jugular vein, then migrated and lodged in the inferior vena cava. We retrieved it with a gooseneck snare without complications. We report the case hoping to emphasize on and raise awareness of the fact that catheter fragment loss is a completely evitable complication, provided the operator follows the correct safety measures and protocols. However, if catheter fragment loss occurred, the fragment should be retrieved as soon as possible. A gooseneck snare is an ideal option for retrieving catheter fragments that have migrated into deep veins.