gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vibrotactile Guidance for Wayfinding of Blind Walkers (2015)

We propose a vibrotactile interface in the form of a belt for guiding blind walkers. This interface enables blind walkers to receive haptic directional instructions along complex paths without negatively impacting users' ability to listen and/or perceive the environment the way some auditory directional instructions do. The belt interface was evaluated in a controlled study with 10 blind individuals and compared to the audio guidance. The experiments were videotaped and the participants' behaviors and comments were content analyzed. Completion times and deviations from ideal paths were also collected and statistically analyzed. By triangulating the quantitative and qualitative data, we found that the belt resulted in closer path following to the expense of speed. In general, the participants were positive about the use of vibrotactile belt to provide directional guidance.
The Advanced Encryption Standard: 20 Years Later (2021)

The 20th anniversary of the standardization of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), the workhorse of cryptographic algorithms, takes place on 26 November 2021. In this column, we recount the history of the AES and its predecessor, the Data Encryption Standard.
In vivo expansion of naive and activated CD4 + CD25 + FOXP3 + regulatory T cell populations in interleukin-2–treated HIV patients (2010)

HIV-1 infection is characterized by a progressive decline in CD4(+) T cells leading to a state of profound immunodeficiency. IL-2 therapy has been shown to improve CD4(+) counts beyond that observed with antiretroviral therapy. Recent phase III trials revealed that despite a sustained increase in CD4(+) counts, IL-2-treated patients did not experience a better clinical outcome [Abrams D, et al. (2009) N Engl J Med 361(16):1548-1559]. To explain these disappointing results, we have studied phenotypic, functional, and molecular characteristics of CD4(+) T cell populations in IL-2-treated patients. We found that the principal effect of long-term IL-2 therapy was the expansion of two distinct CD4(+)CD25(+) T cell populations (CD4(+)CD25(lo)CD127(lo)FOXP3(+) and CD4(+)CD25(hi)CD127(lo)FOXP3(hi)) that shared phenotypic markers of Treg but could be distinguished by the levels of CD25 and FOXP3 expression. IL-2-expanded CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells suppressed proliferation of effector cells in vitro and had gene expression profiles similar to those of natural regulatory CD4(+)CD25(hi)FOXP3(+) T cells (Treg) from healthy donors, an immunosuppressive T cell subset critically important for the maintenance of self-tolerance. We propose that the sustained increase of the peripheral Treg pool in IL-2-treated HIV patients may account for the unexpected clinical observation that patients with the greatest expansion of CD4(+) T cells had a higher relative risk of clinical progression to AIDS.
Opposing effects of Ctk1 kinase and Fcp1 phosphatase at Ser 2 of the RNA polymerase II C-terminal domain (2001)

The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the RNA polymerase II (Pol II) largest subunit is hyperphosphorylated during transcription. Using an in vivo cross-linking/chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, we found previously that different phosphorylated forms of RNA Pol II predominate at different stages of transcription. At promoters, the Pol II CTD is phosphorylated at Ser 5 by the basal transcription factor TFIIH. However, in coding regions, the CTD is predominantly phosphorylated at Ser 2. Here we show that the elongation-associated phosphorylation of Ser 2 is dependent upon the Ctk1 kinase, a putative yeast homolog of Cdk9/P-TEFb. Furthermore, mutations in the Fcp1 CTD phosphatase lead to increased levels of Ser 2 phosphorylation. Both Ctk1 and Fcp1 cross-link to promoter and coding regions, suggesting that they associate with the elongating polymerase. Both Ctk1 and Fcp1 have been implicated in regulation of transcription elongation. Our results suggest that this regulation may occur by modulating levels of Ser 2 phosphorylation, which in turn, may regulate the association of elongation factors with the polymerase.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Optically Pure Dioxolanes as Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Replication. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dietary Mannoheptulose Increases Fasting Serum Glucagon Like Peptide-1 and Post-Prandial Serum Ghrelin Concentrations in Adult Beagle Dogs (2015)

There is a growing interest in the use of nutraceuticals for weight management in companion animals. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of mannoheptulose (MH), a sugar in avocados that inhibits glycolysis, on energy metabolism in adult Beagle dogs. The study was a double-blind, randomized controlled trial where dogs were allocated to a control (CON, n = 10, 10.1 ± 0.4 kg) or MH containing diet (168 mg/kg, n = 10, 10.3 ± 0.4 kg). Blood was collected after an overnight fast and 1 h post-feeding (week 12) to determine serum satiety related hormones and biochemistry. Resting and post-prandial energy expenditure and respiratory quotient were determined by indirect calorimetry (weeks 4 and 8). Physical activity was measured using an accelerometer (weeks 3, 7, 11). Body composition was assessed using dual X-ray absorptiometry (week 12). MH significantly (p < 0.05) increased fasting serum glucagon-like peptide-1 and post-prandial serum ghrelin. MH tended (p < 0.1) to increase fasting serum gastric inhibitory peptide and decrease physical activity. Together, these findings suggest that dietary MH has the ability to promote satiation and lowers daily energy expenditure.
Regulation of axonal caliber, neurofilament content, and nuclear localization in mature sensory neurons by nerve growth factor (1991)

The neuronal perikaryal response to axonal injury (axon reaction) includes reduction in axonal caliber beginning in the proximal portion of the nerve (somatofugal axonal atrophy), development of nuclear eccentricity, and chromatolysis. The means by which these events are triggered is unknown, but it has been argued that loss of a neurotrophic signal from the target of injured neurons plays a role. To date, the identity of this substance(s) remains unknown. In the present study, we have asked whether NGF normally functions to control axonal caliber of sensory neurons in the L4 and L5 dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of the adult rat. Two approaches were used: (1) NGF was continuously delivered to the proximal stump of a transected sciatic nerve to determine whether NGF administration would prevent the production of somatofugal axonal atrophy; and (2) NGF antisera were administered to normal animals to determine whether NGF deprivation would produce somatofugal axonal atrophy. In the first experiment, 9-week-old rats underwent a unilateral sciatic nerve transection at midthigh, and the proximal stump was connected to an osmotic pump containing either NGF or cytochrome C (as control). At 11 weeks of age, dorsal root fibers in lumbar DRG from the control group appeared smaller in caliber and less circular in shape than fibers from age-matched normal animals. Although smaller than those in normal animals, fibers from the NGF-treated nerves were larger than in axotomized controls. Mean axonal area and shape factor (an index in circularity) were measured and found to be decreased significantly (22% and 15%, respectively) from the control group. Fibers from the NGF-treated nerves were significantly (p less than 0.05) larger in axonal caliber and more circular in shape; mean values were only reduced by 11% and 10%, respectively. Quantitation of neurofilament (NF) numbers revealed that the larger calibers in the NGF-treated nerves result from a greater NF content. NGF treatment did not prevent the atrophy of motor fibers in the proximal ventral root. In the second experiment, 2 antisera to mouse NGF were given daily into the footpad for 11 or 12 d; control animals were given normal goat serum. Quantitation of axonal calibers in the L5 DRG demonstrated that mean axonal area and shape factor were significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced by 14% and 17% respectively. The axoplasm of atrophic fibers demonstrated a paucity of NFs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Dynamic response of wrought and additively manufactured nickel-based alloys to high velocity impacts of laser-launched flyers (2022)

Although nickel-based superalloys are widely used in the industry, their response to shock loading is still rarely investigated. Here, the impacts of laser-launched flyers were used to study the dynamic behavior of a Rene 65 superalloy under shock pressures of about 10 GPa at very high strain rates of about 106 s−1. Three types of samples, wrought or additively manufactured (laser powder bed fusion) and subjected to different heat treatment conditions, were investigated. These experiments allowed the measurement of the Hugoniot elastic limit (compressive yield strength) and the spall (tensile) strength, both in upper ranges compared with the most common metals. Post-recovery analyses involving various techniques provided insight into dynamic failure with a combination of transgranular ductile fracture and intergranular cracks with preferential nucleation sites, strongly dependent on the different microstructures related to fabrication routes and thermal treatments.
M1/M4-Preferring Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Agonist Xanomeline Reverses Wake and Arousal Deficits in Nonpathologically Aged Mice (2023)

Degeneration of the cholinergic basal forebrain is implicated in the development of cognitive deficits and sleep/wake architecture disturbances in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Indirect-acting muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), remain the only FDA-approved treatments for the cognitive impairments observed in AD that target the cholinergic system. Novel direct-acting muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists also improve cognitive performance in young and aged preclinical species and are currently under clinical development for AD. However, little is known about the effects of direct-acting muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonists on disruptions of sleep/wake architecture and arousal observed in nonpathologically aged rodents, nonhuman primates, and clinical populations. The purpose of the present study was to provide the first assessment of the effects of the direct-acting M<sub>1</sub>/M<sub>4</sub>-preferring muscarinic cholinergic receptor agonist xanomeline on sleep/wake architecture and arousal in young and nonpathologically aged mice, in comparison with the AChEI donepezil, when dosed in either the active or inactive phase of the circadian cycle. Xanomeline produced a robust reversal of both wake fragmentation and disruptions in arousal when dosed in the active phase of nonpathologically aged mice. In contrast, donepezil had no effect on either age-related wake fragmentation or arousal deficits when dosed during the active phase. When dosed in the inactive phase, both xanomeline and donepezil produced increases in wake and arousal and decreases in nonrapid eye movement sleep quality and quantity in nonpathologically aged mice. Collectively, these novel findings suggest that direct-acting muscarinic cholinergic agonists such as xanomeline may provide enhanced wakefulness and arousal in nonpathological aging, MCI, and AD patient populations.
A template-based methodology for efficient microprocessor and FPGA accelerator co-design (2012)

Embedded applications usually require Software/Hardware (SW/HW) designs to meet the hard timing constraints and the required design flexibility. Exhaustive exploration for SW/HW designs is a very time consuming task, while the adhoc approaches and the use of partially automatic tools usually lead to less efficient designs. To support a more efficient codesign process for FPGA platforms we propose a systematic methodology to map an application to SW/HW platform with a custom HW accelerator and a microprocessor core. The methodology mapping steps are expressed through parametric templates for the SW/HW Communication Organization, the Foreground (FG) Memory Management and the Data Path (DP) Mapping. Several performance-area tradeoff design Pareto points are produced by instantiating the templates. A real-time bioimaging application is mapped on a FPGA to evaluate the gains of our approach, i.e. 44,8% on performance compared with pure SW designs and 58% on area compared with pure HW designs.
On Queue-Aware Power Control in Interfering Wireless Links: Heavy Traffic Asymptotic Modelling and Application in QoS Provisioning (2014)

In this work, we address the problem of power allocation for interfering transmitter-receiver pairs so that the probability that each queue length exceeds a specified threshold is fixed at a desired value. One application is satisfying QoS requirements in a dense cellular network. We deal with this problem using heavy traffic approximation techniques which lead to an asymptotic model of a (controlled) stochastic differential equation. The proposed power control strategy consists of allocating most of the power according to the states of the channel and a smaller fraction according to the queue lengths, for which we find a closed-form expression. We first consider a scenario where all channel realizations and queue lengths are known instantaneously to every transmitter. Then, the algorithm is extended to the case where only local SINR feedback is available and when queue length information is shared with delays among the transmitters. These models and results are also extended to the case where the transmitters are equipped with multiple antennas. Finally, the applicability in practical system settings are discussed and simulation results are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed method.
Multi-sensor Multi-target Tracking Using Labelled Random Finite Sets with Homography Data (2019)

This paper proposes a solution for multi-sensor multi-target tracking with homography data using the labelled random finite set with a top-down Bayesian recursion formulation. The proposed method encapsulates multi-target state motion, appearance and disappearance and all aspects of noise, detection and association uncertainty from multiple sensors. This technique naturally incorporates the fusion of multi-sensor measurements to improve the fidelity of multi-target trajectories estimation. A linear Gaussian multi-target model with simulated homography data from multiple sensors is undertaken for verification.
Supplemental Table S3 from The Distinctive Mutational Spectra of Polyomavirus-Negative Merkel Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table S3. MCPyV detection in MCC tumors by qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and transcriptome sequencing&lt;/p&gt;
Spectropolarimetry Of Electro-Optical Materials (1988)

This paper treats the fundamentals of infrared spectropolarimetry as a step in understanding and designing better spatial light modulators. It describes the issues in converting a Fourier transform Epectrometer to perform spectropolarimetric measurements, and includes mathematics to interpret the resulting spectropolarimetric data. Two distinct differences exist between this proposed instrumentation and previous infrared crystal optics studies; 1.) this instrument acquires data at all wavelengths within its spectral range, and 2.) it measures Mueller polarization matrices. Conventional measurements with laser polarimeters take birefringence data with applied fields at a few laser wavelengths. With the spectropolarimeter, data is obtained on and near absorption bands where the most interesting phenomenae occur. By measuring Mueller matrices as a function of wavelength, data is acquired on polarization and scattering, effects which will ultimately limit the performance of a modulating crystal. Thus, more data is available on which to compare materials and optimize modulator designs. Better modulators must result from such investigations.
Recent Results on Aqueous Electrolyte Cells (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Optimisation of patterned illumination to improve depth estimation from a plenoptic camera (2015)

Depth maps of featureless planar scenes acquired using a plenoptic camera contain large errors. The accuracy of the depth estimation can be improved by projecting a random pattern onto the imaged plane
Multi-angle polarization imager : A satellite sensor for studies of continental aerosols (2007)

Knowledge of aerosol radiative forcing over land is essential to answer crucial questions related to climate change. Retrieval of aerosol properties over land is complicated due to irregular terrain characteristics and high surface reflection. The retrieval of algorithms used in conventional satellite sensors for continental regions is not completely free from the high reflectance effect and hence leads to large uncertainties in the retrieved parameters. We propose a dedicated satellite sensor namely multi-angle polarization imager (MAPI). The main characteristic of MAPI is multi-spectral and multi-angle measurements of polarized componnts of reflected radiation from the Earth. The proposed sensor has capability of aerosol retrieval over land. The sensor also has the ability to discriminate dust aerosols (which is the major natural aerosol over land) from other aerosols (using infrared radiance). This is the first step towards separating natural and anthropogenic aerosols, which is needed for the scientific community at large.
Band-to-band tunneling and thermal generation gate-induced drain leakage (1988)

MOSFET oxide scaling for DRAM (dynamic random-access memory) applications can be limited by gate-induced diode leakage, which has been shown previously by experiments at cryogenic temperatures to consist of a thermal volume generation and a band-to-band tunneling mechanism. Tunneling is the dominant mechanism at relatively higher voltages and cryogenic temperatures. The authors have studied the leakage as a function of low applied bias and made low-temperature measurements (25 K to 400 K) of this mechanism, using a submicrometer N/sup +/ polysilicon gate CMOS process. They have also studied the tunnel current dependence on gate-to-drain bias, dielectric thickness, gate-to-drain overlap, flatband voltage and bandgap narrowing for n- and p-channel devices. Experimentally the leakage current characteristic satisfies an exp(-B/E/sub s/) relationship, where E/sub s/ is the electric field at the silicon dioxide-silicon interface. The coefficient B contains the tunneling temperature dependence. The leakage current has strong oxide-thickness, flatband, and voltage dependencies. By withdrawing the diffusion edge, thereby reducing the overlap area, the tunnel current decreases and has a gate voltage dependency. The gated-diode leakage impact on MOSFET dielectric scaling can be reduced by scaling gate-to-diffusion overlap.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Renoprotection with Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide in Cyclosporine A-Induced Nephrotoxicity (2011)

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide 38 ameliorated renal tubular injury, reduced oxidative injury, and inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 in CsA-exposed murine kidneys. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide could be a novel renoprotective and antifibrotic agent for CsA nephrotoxicity.
Improved Light Outcoupling in Organic Electroluminescent Devices with Random Dots (2005)

We fabricated organic electroluminescent devices with improved light outcoupling at the air/glass interface using mesa-shaped random dots. An improvement in the external quantum efficiency of 12.5% compared with that of a conventional device was achieved. In the device with random dots, emission without interference, which is a problem for the device with periodical dots, was obtained.
Strong and Weak Thermalization of Infinite Nonintegrable Quantum Systems (2011)

When a nonintegrable system evolves out of equilibrium for a long time, local observables are in general expected to attain stationary expectation values, independent of the details of the initial state. But the thermalization of a closed quantum system is not yet well understood. Here we show that it presents indeed a much richer phenomenology than its classical counterpart. Using a new numerical technique, we identify two distinct regimes, strong and weak, occurring for different initial states. Strong thermalization, intrinsically quantum, happens when instantaneous local expectation values converge to the thermal ones. Weak thermalization, well known in classical systems, shows convergence to thermal values only after time averaging. Remarkably, we find a third group of states showing no thermalization, neither strong nor weak, to the time scales one can reliably simulate.
KPT-330, a potent and selective exportin-1 (XPO-1) inhibitor, shows antitumor effects modulating the expression of cyclin D1 and survivin in prostate cancer models (2015)

XPO-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer compared to normal or hyperplastic tissues. Increased XPO-1 expression, mainly in the nuclear compartment, was associated with increased Gleason score and bone metastatic potential supporting the use of SINEs in advanced prostate cancer. SINE compounds inhibited proliferation and promoted apoptosis of tumor cells, but did not affect immortalized non-transformed prostate epithelial cells. Nuclei from SINE treated cells showed increased protein localization of XPO-1, survivin and cyclin D1 followed by degradation of these proteins leading to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Oral administration of KPT-251 and KPT-330 in PC3, DU145 and 22rv1 tumor-bearing nude mice reduced tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis and induced apoptosis. Our results provide supportive evidence for the therapeutic use of SINE compounds in advanced/castration resistant prostate cancers and warrants further clinical investigation.
Physical mapping and identification of interspersed homologous sequences in the Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus genome (1996)

A restriction fragment library representing 89.3% of the genome of Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus (TnGV) was constructed. The library consisted of 13 of the 16 BamHI fragments, 18 of the 22 EcoRI fragments, and 6 of the 27 PstI fragments. By restriction endonuclease and Southern blot analysis of cloned or genomic viral DNA fragments, a complete physical map of TnGV was constructed for BamHI, EcoRI, PstI and XhoI. Three interspersed homologous regions (ihs1-ihs3) were identified from hybridization experiments and sequenced. Each TnGV ihs has an approximate size of 400 bp and shows homology to the other two. The orientation of ihs2 is inverted relative to ihs1 and ihs3. TnGV ihs regions do not have repetitive motifs or palindromic sequences, in contrast to homologous regions (hrs) of nuclear polyhedrosis viruses (NPVs). The genomic locations of TnGV ihs1-ihs3, represented in percentage map units, were very similar to those of ihs sequences previously reported in Bombyx mori NPV, suggesting that the ihs may be a novel type of cis-acting element common among baculoviruses. Additionally, an inverted repeat sequence, having overlapping, multiple inverted repeats of 400 bp, was identified to the left of ihs3 on the linearized genome map of TnGV.
A 17β-Estradiol–Progesterone Oral Capsule for Vasomotor Symptoms in Postmenopausal Women (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01942668.