gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LAPD-based terminal adaptation for ISDN (2003)

An approach to terminal adaption for attachment of existing data terminals to integrated-services digital networks (ISDNs) that is based on the link-access protocol for the D-channel (LAPD) is presented. This terminal adaption mechanism has been incorporated in the text of CCITT draft recommendation V.120. A set of functional objectives for terminal adaption is presented; these relate to connectivity, failure isolation, and ability to take advantage of ISDN capabilities. The technique used in the LAPD-based approach, which relies on the encapsulation of the user's data stream with the information field of LAPD frames, is briefly described. The use of CCITT recommendation Q.931 procedures, operating over a logical channel that is multiplexed at the LAPD frame level within the end-to-end physical connection, is then discussed. The Q.931 procedures control the setup of one or more logical channels carrying user data, and also control the negotiation of terminal adaption parameters for each such channel. The properties of LAPD-based terminal adaption are reviewed in the context of the stated functional objectives. It is concluded that this mechanism fulfils all the objectives, and in fact does so by taking advantage of the capabilities of ISDN, LAPD, and Q.931.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Luminescence of atomic magnesium in inert low temperature solids. I. Argon and krypton (1994)

Absorption and luminescence spectra have been recorded in the 200–700 nm range for atomic magnesium isolated in solid Ar and Kr at 12 K. Strong absorptions occurring in the near UV at 285 nm, showing a threefold splitting, are identified as the solid phase equivalent of the gas phase 3p 1P1←3s 1S0 Mg atom transition. Evidence of multiple site trapping of Mg atoms in Ar and Kr matrices formed at 12 K has been obtained from annealing studies in absorption, but especially in luminescence spectroscopy. The single emission band of Mg/Ar, centered at 297.6 nm, exhibits a radiative lifetime of 1.12 ns and is thereby assigned as singlet 3p 1P1→3s 1S0 Mg atom fluorescence. The luminescence exhibited by the Mg/Kr system is more complex than the Mg/Ar system in that a weak visible band at 472 nm occurs as well as several bands in the UV having nanosecond lifetimes. The richness of the Mg/Kr UV spectra has been examined with annealing and time-resolved measurements and identified as arising from multiple trapping site effects, with at least three spectrally distinct sites identified. Efficient resonant radiative energy transfer is demonstrated to be occurring between two of these sites and an average separation between the sensitizor and activator sites is calculated to be 60 nm at a Mg:Ar dilution ratio of 3:104. Annealing of Mg/Kr samples to 45 K was found to remove all but one site which exhibits emission at 297.6 nm and a very weak band at 472.6 nm. The former, having a radiative lifetime of 1.25 ns, is assigned as 3p 1P1→3s 1S0 Mg atom fluorescence; the latter with a radiative lifetime of 8.9 ms, is assigned as 3p 3P1→3s 1S0 Mg atom phosphorescence.
Combined targeting of STAT3 and STAT5: a novel approach to overcome drug resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia (2017)

In chronic myeloid leukemia, resistance against BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors can develop because of <i>BCR-ABL1</i> mutations, activation of additional pro-oncogenic pathways, and stem cell resistance. Drug combinations covering a broad range of targets may overcome resistance. CDDO-Me (bardoxolone methyl) is a drug that inhibits the survival of leukemic cells by targeting different pro-survival molecules, including STAT3. We found that CDDO-Me inhibits proliferation and survival of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant <i>BCR-ABL1<sup>+</sup></i> cell lines and primary leukemic cells, including cells harboring <i>BCR-ABL1</i><sup>T315I</sup> or T315I<sup>+</sup> compound mutations. Furthermore, CDDO-Me was found to block growth and survival of CD34<sup>+</sup>/CD38<sup>-</sup> leukemic stem cells (LSC). Moreover, CDDO-Me was found to produce synergistic growth-inhibitory effects when combined with BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These drug-combinations were found to block multiple signaling cascades and molecules, including STAT3 and STAT5. Furthermore, combined targeting of STAT3 and STAT5 by shRNA and STAT5-targeting drugs also resulted in synergistic growth-inhibition, pointing to a new efficient concept of combinatorial STAT3 and STAT5 inhibition. However, CDDO-Me was also found to increase the expression of heme-oxygenase-1, a heat-shock-protein that triggers drug resistance and cell survival. We therefore combined CDDO-Me with the heme-oxygenase-1 inhibitor SMA-ZnPP, which also resulted in synergistic growth-inhibitory effects. Moreover, SMA-ZnPP was found to sensitize <i>BCR-ABL1<sup>+</sup></i> cells against the combination 'CDDO-Me+ tyrosine kinase inhibitor'. Together, combined targeting of STAT3, STAT5, and heme-oxygenase-1 overcomes resistance in <i>BCR-ABL1<sup>+</sup></i> cells, including stem cells and highly resistant sub-clones expressing BCR-ABL1<sup>T315I</sup> or T315I-compound mutations. Whether such drug-combinations are effective in tyrosine kinase inhibitor-resistant patients with chronic myeloid leukemia remains to be elucidated.
Control of nonlinear systems with time delay (2004)

The concept of control Lyapunov functions (CLF) has recently been extended to time delay system in the form of control Lyapunov-Razumikhin functions (CLRF) and control Lyapunov-Krasovsky functionals (CLKF). If a CLKF is known for a nonlinear time delay system, several stabilizing control laws can be constructed using one of the universal formulas derived for CLFs. In this paper we establish a generic sufficient condition for stabilization using the domination redesign formula. The proof of stability requires that the CLKF be augmented, but the construction of the augmentation term is not needed for control design. The results are illustrated on a model of a stirred tank reactor with recycling.
Visual-Inertial Object Detection and Mapping (2018)

We present a method to populate an unknown environment with models of previously seen objects, placed in a Euclidean reference frame that is inferred causally and on-line using monocular video along with inertial sensors. The system we implement returns a sparse point cloud for the regions of the scene that are visible but not recognized as a previously seen object, and a detailed object model and its pose in the Euclidean frame otherwise. The system includes bottom-up and top-down components, whereby deep networks trained for detection provide likelihood scores for object hypotheses provided by a nonlinear filter, whose state serves as memory. Additional networks provide likelihood scores for edges, which complements detection networks trained to be invariant to small deformations. We test our algorithm on existing datasets, and also introduce the VISMA dataset, that provides ground truth pose, point-cloud map, and object models, along with time-stamped inertial measurements.
Xenophagy in Helicobacter pylori‐ and Epstein–Barr virus‐induced gastric cancer (2014)

Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) account for roughly 80% and 10%, respectively, of gastric carcinomas worldwide. Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved and intricately regulated cellular process that involves the sequestration of cytoplasmic proteins and organelles into double-membrane autophagosomes that eventually fuse with lysosomes for degradation of the engulfed content. Emerging evidence indicates that xenophagy, a form of selective autophagy, plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of H. pylori- and EBV-induced gastric cancer. Xenophagy specifically recognizes intracellular H. pylori and EBV and physically targets these pathogens to the autophagosomal-lysosomal pathway for degradation. In this connection, H. pylori or EBV-induced dysregulation of autophagy may be causally linked to gastric tumourigenesis and therefore can be exploited as therapeutic targets. This review will discuss how H. pylori and EBV infection activate autophagy and how these pathogens evade recognition and degradation by the autophagic pathway. Elucidating the molecular aspects of H. pylori- and EBV-induced autophagy will help us better understand the pathogenesis of gastric cancer and promote the development of autophagy modulators as antimicrobial agents.
Differential modulation for two-user cooperative diversity systems (2005)

This paper introduces a novel differential modulation scheme for a two-user cooperative diversity system which does not require channel state information at either the users or the destination. The performance of fixed decode-and-forward and selection relaying protocols is evaluated in both symmetric and asymmetric interuser-channel cases. The lower bound on the performance of the decode-and-forward protocol is given, while the exact bit-error probability of the selection relaying protocol is thoroughly derived. The decode-and-forward relaying protocol achieves a performance gain when the signal-to-noise ratios in the interuser channels are symmetric and sufficiently high. The selection relaying protocol shows a larger performance gain and does not exhibit an error floor like in the case of the decode-and-forward protocol. In addition, it is robust to the asymmetric interuser channels.
Deriving a fixpoint computation algorithm for top-down abstract interpretation of logic programs (1990)

Bruynooghe described a framework for the top-down abstract interpretation of logic programs. In this framework, abstract interpretation is carried out by constructing an abstract and-or tree in a top-down fashion for a given query and program. Such an abstract interpreter requires fixpoint computation for programs which contain recursive predicates. This paper presents in detail a fixpoint algorithm that has been developed for this purpose and the motivation behind it. We start off by describing a simple-minded algorithm. After pointing out its shortcomings, we present a series of refinements to this algorithm, until we reach the final version. The aim is to give an intuitive grasp and provide justification for the relative complexity of the final algorithm. We also present an informal proof of correctness of the algorithm and some results obtained from an implementation.
Dissection of Malonyl-Coenzyme A Decarboxylation from Polyketide Formation in the Reaction Mechanism of a Plant Polyketide Synthase (2000)

Chalcone synthase (CHS) catalyzes formation of the phenylpropanoid chalcone from one p-coumaroyl-CoA and three malonyl-coenzyme A (CoA) thioesters. The three-dimensional structure of CHS [Ferrer, J.-L., Jez, J. M., Bowman, M. E., Dixon, R. A., and Noel, J. P. (1999) Nat. Struct. Biol. 6, 775-784] suggests that four residues (Cys164, Phe215, His303, and Asn336) participate in the multiple decarboxylation and condensation reactions catalyzed by this enzyme. Here, we functionally characterize 16 point mutants of these residues for chalcone production, malonyl-CoA decarboxylation, and the ability to bind CoA and acetyl-CoA. Our results confirm Cys164's role as the active-site nucleophile in polyketide formation and elucidate the importance of His303 and Asn336 in the malonyl-CoA decarboxylation reaction. We suggest that Phe215 may help orient substrates at the active site during elongation of the polyketide intermediate. To better understand the structure-function relationships in some of these mutants, we also determined the crystal structures of the CHS C164A, H303Q, and N336A mutants refined to 1.69, 2.0, and 2.15 A resolution, respectively. The structure of the C164A mutant reveals that the proposed oxyanion hole formed by His303 and Asn336 remains undisturbed, allowing this mutant to catalyze malonyl-CoA decarboxylation without chalcone formation. The structures of the H303Q and N336A mutants support the importance of His303 and Asn336 in polarizing the thioester carbonyl of malonyl-CoA during the decarboxylation reaction. In addition, both of these residues may also participate in stabilizing the tetrahedral transition state during polyketide elongation. Conservation of the catalytic functions of the active-site residues may occur across a wide variety of condensing enzymes, including other polyketide and fatty acid synthases.
Nanoscale Refractive Index Tuning of Siloxane-Based Self-Assembled Electro-Optic Superlattices (2001)

The refractive indices of self-assembled organic electro-optic superlattices can be tuned by intercalating high-Z optically transparent group 13 metal oxide sheets into the structures during the self-assembly process. Microstructurally regular acentricity and sizable electro-optic responses are retained in this straightforward synthetic procedure. This “one-pot” all wet-chemistry approach involves: i) layer-by-layer covalent self-assembly of intrinsically acentric multilayers of high-hyperpolarizability chromophores on inorganic oxide substrates, ii) protecting group cleavage to generate a large density of reactive surface hydroxyl sites, iii) self-limiting capping of each chromophore layer with octachlorotrisiloxane, iv) deposition of metal oxide sheets derived from THF solutions of Ga(OiC3H7)3 or In(OiC3H7)3, and v) covalent capping of the resulting superlattices.
On-chip microdialysis system with in-line sensing capabilities (2005)

An on-chip microdialysis system with in-line sensing electrodes is presented here. The design of this system is based on membrane bonding onto microfluidic channels, having a high surface to volume ratio to promote efficient dialysis and in-situ integration with biosensors. Miniaturization of the microdialysis technique has several advantages including higher recovery of analytes, better estimation of local analyte concentration, and less invasive systems when used for continuous monitoring. The permeability of this system to glucose has been determined to be 2.5280 /spl mu/m/s (std: 0.3723 /spl mu/m/s) and 3.5543 /spl mu/m/s to small salt ions.
Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector-Mediated Delivery of Woodchuck-Specific Genes for Alpha Interferon (IFN-α) and IFN-γ: IFN-α but Not IFN-γ Reduces Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus Replication in Chronic Infection In Vivo (2004)

Alpha interferon (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma are able to suppress hepadnavirus replication. The intrahepatic expression of high levels of IFN may enhance the antiviral activity. We investigated the effects of woodchuck-specific IFN-alpha (wIFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma(wIFN-gamma) on woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) replication in vivo by helper-dependent adenoviral (HD-Ad) vector-mediated gene transfer. The expression of biologically active IFNs was demonstrated in vitro after transduction of woodchuck cells with HD-Ad vectors encoding wIFN-alpha (HD-AdwIFN-alpha) or wIFN-gamma (HD-AdwIFN-gamma). The transduction efficacy of the HD-Ad vector in woodchuck liver in vivo was tested with a vector expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP). Immunohistochemical staining of liver samples on day 5 after injection showed expression of GFP in a high percentage of liver cells surrounding the central vein. The transduction of livers of WHV carriers in vivo with HD-AdwIFN-alpha or HD-AdwIFN-gamma induced levels of biologically active IFN, which could be measured in the sera of these animals. Expression of wIFN-alpha in the liver reduced intrahepatic WHV replication and WHV DNA in sera of about 1 log step in two of two woodchucks. Transduction with HD-AdwIFN-gamma, however, reduced WHV replicative intermediates only slightly in two of three animals, which was not accompanied with significant changes in the WHV DNA in sera. We demonstrated for the first time the successful HD-Ad vector-mediated transfer of genes for IFN-alpha and IFN-gamma in vivo and timely limited reduction of WHV replication by wIFN-alpha, but not by wIFN-gamma.
Prospective multicenter clinical trial of immunosuppressive drug withdrawal in stable adult liver transplant recipients (2013)

When conducted at late timepoints after transplantation, immunosuppression withdrawal is successful in a high proportion of carefully selected liver recipients. A combination of clinical parameters could be useful to predict the success of this strategy. Additional prospective studies are now needed to confirm these results and to validate clinically applicable diagnostic biomarkers.
A phase I study of BMS-354825 in patients with imatinib-resistant and intolerant chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML): Results from CA180002 (2005)

6519 Background: Resistance to imatinib in CML patients is often associated with Bcr-Abl point mutations which interfere with imatinib binding. BMS-354825 is a novel, orally available, dual SRC/ABL kinase inhibitor with more than 300-fold greater potency than imatinib and has preclinical activity against 14 of 15 imatinib resistant Bcr-Abl mutants (Shah et al, Science, 305:399, 2004). Methods: CA180002 is a phase I, dose-escalation study of BMS-354825 in CML patients with hematologic resistance or intolerance to imatinib. Intrapatient dose escalation is permitted. Patient samples are analyzed for pharmacokinetics (PK), Bcr-Abl kinase domain mutations, and CRKL, HCK, and LYN phosphorylation. Results: 36 chronic phase CML patients have been treated (31 resistant, 5 intolerant) with total daily doses ranging from 15 - 180 mg (given as single or divided doses). Mutations associated with imatinib resistance were identified in 27 patients. Thirty-one patients (86%) have had complete hematologic response (CHR). Only 2 patients have had progression of their disease. Thirteen of 29 patients had cytogenetic improvement including 5 complete and 4 partial cytogenetic responses (i.e. major cytogenetic responses (MCyR) in 9 of 29 patients. MCyR rate = 31%). Hematologic and cytogenetic responses have occurred regardless of mutation status, or whether the mutation was in the P-loop, catalytic or activation region, with the exception of one patient who progressed with T315I. Responses are durable, and 33 of 36 patients remain on study for 1+ to 13+ months. BMS-354825 has been well tolerated. Three patients had grade 4 thrombocytopenia and 2 patients had grade 4 neutropenia, all of which were reversible and easily managed with dose modification. One patient developed a duodenal ulcer possibly related to BMS-354825. Mild QTc prolongation has been noted. Conclusions: BMS-345825 appears to be safe and effective therapy for patients with imatinib-resistant and imatinib-intolerant CML producing hematologic and cytogenetic responses. The phase I study continues to accrue patients to determine the maximally tolerated dose. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Electrochemical Control of the Electron Conductivity of Thin Films of Metalorganic Polymers (2021)

The dependence of the conductivity of thin films of polymer complexes of nickel with N4 ligands of macrocyclic and chelate structure on the doping level has been studied by the method of electrochemical in situ conductivity. The electrochemical conductivity window of polymers depends on the structure of the monomers and reaches 1.2 V for the macrocyclic complex. Electrochemical doping changes the electrical resistance of the investigated materials by 4 orders of magnitude.
A Lewis acid catalytic core sandwiched by inorganic polyoxoanion caps: selective H2O2-based oxidations with [AlIII4(H2O)10(β-XW9O33H)2]6− (X = AsIII, SbIII) (2013)

The Al(III)-containing polyanions [Al(III)4(H2O)10(β-XW9O33H)2](4-) with X = As(III) (1) and Sb(III) (2) feature four aluminum(III) centers sandwiched by two trivacant (β-XW9O33) Keggin units, and trigger peroxide catalysis as well as substrate coordination via multiple Lewis acid site interactions.
Methane Storage in Dry Water Gas Hydrates (2008)

Dry water stores 175 v(STP)/v methane at 2.7 MPa and 273.2 K in a hydrate form which is close to the Department of Energy volumetric target for methane storage. Dry water is a silica-stabilized free-flowing powder (95% wt water), and fast methane uptakes were observed (90% saturation uptake in 160 min with no mixing) as a result of the relatively large surface-to-volume ratio of this material.
Webinar | Immune response monitoring: What can we learn about immunotherapy, pathogen response, and autoimmunity? (2016)

It has recently been recognized that the role of the immune system in health and well-being is perhaps more far-reaching than previously imagined. An insufficient or overactive immune response is at the heart of countless pathologies including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. Monitoring immune responses by measuring cytokine levels has become an integral part of disease-related research, providing clues to the state of the immune system and how it could be targeted therapeutically. Understanding which cytokines are best for monitoring inflammation and immunosuppression, and knowing which are secreted by different immune cell types at each stage of maturation and activation, will provide essential insights into disease treatment options. Importantly, we need to ask whether the use of common biomarkers is good enough, or if a larger number of cytokines needs to be routinely measured to better understand the complexity of immune responses. View the Webinar
Session 5 overview: Processors (2010)

Processors have long been the leading edge of integration and process technology and this year's papers emphatically demonstrate that this is still the case. This year's crop of processors exhibit astounding increases in chip integration levels with more cores, special-function units and huge increases in the bandwidth of both on- and off-die interconnect. Emerging markets combine the attributes of network processors (many-threaded low-power cores) and server processors (large cores with virtualization and RAS). Higher levels of memory integration are achieved by using embedded DRAM in these large processors to support the higher-bandwidth demands of throughput computing. The challenges of managing the dramatic growth in dynamic power and leakage (if all integrated components were allowed to activate simultaneously) are addressed with a variety of innovative power management methods such as on-die gating and multiple voltage and frequency domains. Moore's law continues as the first 32nm processors from Intel and AMD are described, together with the latest implementation of the POWER and SPARC architectures.