gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the gamma2 subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase cause familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: evidence for the central role of energy compromise in disease pathogenesis. (2001)

Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been widely studied as a genetic model of cardiac hypertrophy and sudden cardiac death. HCM has been defined as a disease of the cardiac sarcomere, but mutations in the known contractile protein disease genes are not found in up to one-third of cases. Further, no consistent changes in contractile properties are shared by these mutant proteins, implying that an abnormality of force generation may not be the underlying mechanism of disease. Instead, all of the sarcomeric mutations appear to result in inefficient use of ATP, suggesting that an inability to maintain normal ATP levels may be the central abnormality. To test this hypothesis we have examined candidate genes involved in energy homeostasis in the heart. We now describe mutations in PRKAG2, encoding the gamma(2) subunit of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), in two families with severe HCM and aberrant conduction from atria to ventricles in some affected individuals (pre-excitation or Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome). The mutations, one missense and one in-frame single codon insertion, occur in highly conserved regions. Because AMPK provides a central sensing mechanism that protects cells from exhaustion of ATP supplies, we propose that these data substantiate energy compromise as a unifying pathogenic mechanism in all forms of HCM. This conclusion should radically redirect thinking about this disorder and also, by establishing energy depletion as a cause of myocardial dysfunction, should be relevant to the acquired forms of heart muscle disease that HCM models.
Forward Problem Solution of EMSI’s with FEM on a Network of Workstations (2001)

Article Forward Problem Solution of EMSI’s with FEM on a Network of Workstations was published on January 1, 2001 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 46, issue s2).
Sparse signal recovery from nonlinear measurements (2013)

We treat the problem of minimizing a general continuously differentiable function subject to sparsity constraints. We present and analyze several different optimality criteria which are based on the notions of stationarity and coordinate-wise optimality. These conditions are then used to derive three numerical algorithms aimed at finding points satisfying the resulting optimality criteria: the iterative hard thresholding method and the greedy and partial sparse-simplex methods. The theoretical convergence of these methods and their relations to the derived optimality conditions are studied.
High-Q, low index-contrast polymeric photonic crystal nanobeam cavities (2011)

We present the design, fabrication and characterization of high-Q (Q=36,000) polymeric photonic crystal nanobeam cavities made of two polymers that have an ultra-low index contrast (ratio=1.15) and observed thermo-optical bistability at hundred microwatt power level. Due to the extended evanescent field and small mode volumes, polymeric nanobeam cavities are ideal platform for ultra-sensitive biochemical sensing. We demonstrate that these sensors have figures of merit (FOM=9190) two orders of magnitude greater than surface plasmon resonance based sensors, and outperform the commercial Biacore(TM) sensors. The demonstration of high-Q cavity in low-index-contrast polymers can open up versatile applications using a broad range of functional and flexible polymeric materials.
Characterization of metallic foil joints using diffusion bonding and diffusion soldering in micro-technology-based energy and chemical systems (2001)

The several 316 stainless steel mesoscopic devices were made using diffusing bonding and diffusion soldering. Tensile strength, pressure drop of the devices were measured, and metallurgical examinations were made of the joints. Continuous bonds were observed in both diffusion bonded and diffusion soldered samples. Strengths of the diffusion soldered samples were up to 80% of the strength of the Ag(sub3) Sn joint material or 125 MPa. The pressure drop in diffusion soldered samples was 0.76 psi at the highest flow rates of 2.08 L/min. Diffusion bonded joints had strengths of up to 700 MPa but the back pressures were higher at all flow rates.
Experiments on Personal Opinion Expression and Consensus Building using &#147;Future Chronicle&#148; (2008)

It is an important issue to understand the mechanism of personal opinion expression and consensus building in communities. We implemented an interactive application called ldquofuture chroniclerdquo for monitoring personal opinion expression and consensus building in communities. Future chronicle produces the field of personal opinion expression from multiple users, and users can share their thoughts with each other on this field. Moreover, we can observe the growth of communities through this application. In this paper, we report our experiments using future chronicle.
Data from Selective Targeting and Potent Control of Tumor Growth Using an EphA2/CD3-Bispecific Single-Chain Antibody Construct (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The EphA2 receptor tyrosine kinase is frequently overexpressed and functionally altered in malignant cells and thus provides opportunities for selective targeting of tumor cells. We describe here the development of a novel, bispecific single-chain antibody (bscAb) referred to as bscEphA2xCD3. This molecule simultaneously targets EphA2 on tumor cells and the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex on T cells and possesses structural and functional characteristics of the recently developed BiTE technology. An EphA2-specific single-chain antibody was selected for recognition of an epitope that is preferentially exposed on malignant cells based on the concept of epitope exclusion; this was fused to a CD3-specific single-chain antibody to generate bscEphA2xCD3. The resultant bscAb redirected unstimulated human T cells to lyse EphA2-expressing tumor cells both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In separate experiments, efficient tumor cell lysis was achieved &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; at drug concentrations ≤1 μg/mL, at a low T-cell effector-to-tumor target cell ratio (1:1), and with tumor cells that possess few available binding sites (2,400 per cell) for bscEphA2xCD3. Time-lapsed microscopy revealed potent cytotoxic activity of bscEphA2xCD3-activated T cells against monolayers of malignant cells but not against monolayers of nontransformed EphA2-positive cells except at the edges of the monolayer where the target epitope was exposed. BscEphA2xCD3 was also efficacious in human xenograft mouse models modified to show human T-cell killing of tumors. Together, our results reveal opportunities for redirecting the potent activity of cytotoxic T cells towards tumor cells that express selectively accessible epitopes and establish EphA2-specific bscAb molecules as novel and potent therapeutics with selectivity for tumor cells. [Cancer Res 2007;67(8):3927–35]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
WDM/SDM Transmission of 10 × 128-Gb/s PDM-QPSK over 2688-km 7-Core Fiber with a per-Fiber Net Aggregate Spectral-Efficiency Distance Product of 40,320 km·b/s/Hz (2011)

We demonstrate 2688-km multi-span transmission using wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) of ten 50-GHz spaced 128-Gb/s PDM-QPSK signals, space-division multiplexed (SDM) in a low-crosstalk 76.8-km seven-core fiber, achieving a record net aggregate per-fiber-spectral-efficiency-distance product of 40,320 km·b/s/Hz.
The Gaia-ESO Survey: The inner disc, intermediate-age open cluster Pismis 18 (2019)

Context . Pismis 18 is a moderately populated, intermediate-age open cluster located within the solar circle at a Galactocentric distance of about seven kpc. Few open clusters have been studied in detail in the inner disc region before the Gaia -ESO Survey. Aims . New data from the Gaia -ESO Survey allowed us to conduct an extended radial velocity membership study as well as spectroscopic metallicity and detailed chemical abundance measurements for this cluster. Methods . Gaia -ESO Survey data for 142 potential members, lying on the upper main sequence and on the red clump, yielded radial velocity measurements, which, together with proper motion measurements from the Gaia Second Data Release ( Gaia DR2), were used to determine the systemic velocity of the cluster and membership of individual stars. Photometry from Gaia DR2 was used to re-determine cluster parameters based on high confidence member stars only. Cluster abundance measurements of six radial-velocity member stars with UVES high-resolution spectroscopy are presented for 23 elements. Results . The average radial velocity of 26 high confidence members is −27.5 ± 2.5 (std) km s −1 with an average proper motion of pmra = −5.65 ± 0.08 (std) mas yr −1 and pmdec = −2.29 ± 0.11 (std) mas yr −1 . According to the new estimates, based on high confidence members, Pismis 18 has an age of τ = 700 +40 −50 Myr, interstellar reddening of E ( B − V ) = 0.562 +0.012 −0.026 mag and a de-reddened distance modulus of DM 0 = 11.96 +0.10 −0.24 mag. The median metallicity of the cluster (using the six UVES stars) is [Fe/H] = +0.23 ± 0.05 dex, with [ α /Fe] = 0.07 ± 0.13 and a slight enhancement of s - and r -neutron-capture elements. Conclusions . With the present work, we fully characterized the open cluster Pismis 18. We confirmed its present location in the inner disc. We estimated a younger age than the previous literature values and we gave, for the first time, its metallicity and its detailed abundances. Its [ α /Fe] and [ s -process/Fe], both slightly super-solar, are in agreement with other inner-disc open clusters observed by the Gaia -ESO survey.
Attenuation-corrected fluorescence spectra unmixing for spectroscopy and microscopy (2014)

In fluorescence measurements, light is often absorbed and scattered by a sample both for excitation and emission, resulting in the measured spectra to be distorted. Conventional linear unmixing methods computationally separate overlapping spectra but do not account for these effects. We propose a new algorithm for fluorescence unmixing that accounts for the attenuation-related distortion effect on fluorescence spectra. Using a matrix representation, we derive forward measurement formation and a corresponding inverse method; the unmixing algorithm is based on nonnegative matrix factorization. We also demonstrate how this method can be extended to a higher-dimensional tensor form, which is useful for unmixing overlapping spectra observed under the attenuation effect in spectral imaging microscopy. We evaluate the proposed methods in simulation and experiments and show that it outperforms a conventional, linear unmixing method when absorption and scattering contributes to the measured signals, as in deep tissue imaging.
SOME RADAR TOPICS: WAVEFORM DESIGN, RANGE CFAR AND TARGET RECOGNITION (2006)

The first RADAR patent was applied for by Christian Huelsmeyer on April 30, 1904 at the patent office in Berlin, Germany. He was motivated by a ship accident on the river Weser and called his experimental system “Telemobiloscope”. In this chapter some important and modern topics in radar system design and radar signal processing will be discussed. Waveform design is one innovative topic where new results are available for special applications like automotive radar. Detection theory is a fundamental radar topic which will be discussed in this chapter for new range CFAR schemes which are essential for all radar systems. Target recognition has for many years been the dream of all radar engineers. New results for target classification will be discussed for some automotive radar sensors.
Towards an Edge Cloud Based Coordination Platform for Multi-User AR Applications Built on Open-Source SLAMs (2023)

Multi-user and collaborative AR applications pose several chal-lenges. The expected user experience requires accurate pose infor-mation for each device and precise synchronization of the respective coordinate systems in real-time. Unlike mobile phones or AR glasses running on battery with constrained resource capacity, cloud and edge platforms can provide the computing power for the core functions under the hood. In this paper, we propose a novel edge cloud based platform for multi-user AR applications realizing an essential coordination service among the users. The latency criti-cal, computation intensive Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) function is offloaded from the device to the edge cloud infrastructure.
Inter-AS Option B between NVO3 and BGP/MPLS IP VPN network (2015)

This draft describes inter-as option-C solution between NVO3 network
and MPLS/IP VPN network. Transport layer stitching solution should be
provided. Also to ensure VPNv4 route exchange correctly between local
NVE and remote PE, VNID space should be partitioned, only the VNIDs of
lower 1 Million can be used for interconnection with outer MPLS VPN
network using option-C solution, the rest 15 Million VNIDs can only be
used for intra DC.
Structural changes in surface and bulk LiNi0.5Mn0.5O2 during electrochemical reaction on epitaxial thin-film electrodes characterized by in situ X-ray scattering (2010)

Surface and bulk structural changes of LiNi(0.5)Mn(0.5)O(2) were investigated during electrochemical reaction using synchrotron X-ray scattering and a restricted reaction plane consisting of two-dimensional epitaxial-film electrodes. The changes in bulk structure confirmed lithium diffusion through the (110) surface, which was perpendicular to the two-dimensional (2D) edges of the layered structure. No (de)intercalation reaction was observed through the (003) surface at voltages of 3.0-5.0 V. However, intercalation did proceed through the (003) plane below 3.0 V, indicating unusual three-dimensional (3D) lithium diffusion in the over-lithiated 2D structure. During the electrochemical process, the surface of the electrode showed different structure changes from those of the bulk structure. The reaction mechanism of the intercalation electrodes for lithium batteries is discussed on the basis of surface and bulk structural changes.
Improving Etch Processes by Using Pulsed Plasmas (2011)

International audience
Nitrogen-doped graphene anchored with mixed growth patterns of CuPt alloy nanoparticles as a highly efficient and durable electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction in an alkaline medium (2017)

A highly active and durable CuPt alloy catalyst with trigonal bipyramidal and truncated cube-type mixed morphologies, anchored on the nitrogen-doped graphene (NGr) surface (CuPt-TBTC/NGr), was prepared by a simple and fast method. The obtained CuPt alloy showed improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, with a 30 mV positive shift in the half-wave potential value, as compared to the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst in a 0.1 M KOH solution. The CuPt alloy with the trigonal bipyramidal morphology possesses porous type inter-connected sides, which help to achieve improved mass transport of oxygen during the ORR. The exposure of the (111) plane of the CuPt alloy further improved the catalytic activity towards the dioxygen reduction in alkaline media. The ORR activity of the NGr-supported CuPt alloy was found to be dependent on the reaction time, and improved activity was obtained on the material derived at a reaction time of 90 min (CuPt-TBTC/NGr-90). The material synthesized at a lower or higher reaction time than 90 min resulted in a partially formed trigonal bipyramidal morphology with more truncated cubes or agglomerated trigonal bipyramidal and truncated cubes with closed type structures, respectively. Along with the high intrinsic ORR activity, CuPt-TBTC/NGr-90 displayed excellent electrochemical stability. Even after repeated 1000 potential cycling in a window ranging from 0.10 to 1.0 V (vs. RHE), the system clearly outperformed the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst with 15 and 60 mV positive shifts in the onset and half-wave potentials, respectively. CuPt-TBTC/NGr-90 also exhibited 2.1 times higher mass activity and 2.2 times higher specific activity, compared to Pt/C at 0.90 V (vs. RHE). Finally, a zinc-air battery fabricated with the alloy catalyst as the air electrode displayed a peak power density of 300 mW cm<sup>-2</sup>, which is much higher than the peak power density of 253 mW cm<sup>-2</sup> obtained for the state-of-the-art Pt/C catalyst as the air electrode.
Which Virus Will Cause the Next Pandemic? (2023)

One of the most pressing and consequential problems in infectious disease research is to better understand the potential of viruses to cause a pandemic, or, in simple terms, determine which virus will cause the next pandemic. We here define pandemics as WHO-declared pandemics, or disease outbreaks commonly referred to as pandemics that predate the WHO pandemic framework. Despite extensive research in the field of infectious diseases in recent decades, all pandemics have found us unprepared, with enormous losses of human lives, tremendous costs for public health, and vast and potentially long-lasting economic losses. Here, we discuss viruses that may cause a pandemic in the future.
Increasing organic vertical carrier mobility for the application of high speed bilayered organic photodetector (2009)

The direct influence of the vertical carrier mobility on the frequency response of bilayered organic photodiodes (PDs) is investigated for the first time. With fullerene as the acceptor material, changing vertical hole mobility from 2.3×10−5 to 2.8×10−4 cm2/V s increases PD bandwidth from 10 to 80 MHz under a 4 V operation. The influence of deposition rate on vertical hole mobility of pentacene film is also discussed. Our results facilitate the application of bilayered organic PDs on the detection of very-high-frequency optical signals.
A Luminance-aware Model of Judder Perception (2019)

The perceived discrepancy between continuous motion as seen in nature and frame-by-frame exhibition on a display, sometimes termed judder, is an integral part of video presentation. Over time, content creators have developed a set of rules and guidelines for maintaining a desirable cinematic look under the restrictions placed by display technology without incurring prohibitive judder. With the advent of novel displays capable of high brightness, contrast, and frame rates, these guidelines are no longer sufficient to present audiences with a uniform viewing experience. In this work, we analyze the main factors for perceptual motion artifacts in digital presentation and gather psychophysical data to generate a model of judder perception. Our model enables applications like matching perceived motion artifacts to a traditionally desirable level and maintain a cinematic motion look.
Enhanced acoustic pressure sensors based on coherent perfect absorber-laser effect (2021)

Lasing is a well-established field in optics with several applications. Yet, having lasing or huge amplification in other wave systems remains an elusive goal. Here, we utilize the concept of coherent perfect absorber-laser to realize an acoustic analog of laser with a proven amplification of more than 104 in terms of the scattered acoustic signal at a frequency of a few kHz. The obtained acoustic laser (or the coherent perfect absorber-laser) is shown to possess extremely high sensitivity and figure of merit with regard to ultra-small variations of the pressure (density and compressibility) and suggests its evident potential to build future acoustic pressure devices such as precise sensors.
Struktur permutationsisomerer 2,3‐Dihydro‐1,3,2λ5 benzoxazaphosphole (1981)

Abstract o ‐Aminophenole 1 reagieren mit Dihalogenphosphoranen zu (2‐Hydroxyphenylimino)phosphoranen 3 bzw. zu den tautomeren 2,3‐Dihydrobenzoxazaphospholen 2 . Die Struktur der heterocyclischen Verbindung wurde am Beispiel des 5,7‐Di‐ tert ‐butyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐methyl‐2,2‐diphenyl‐1,3,2λ 5 benzoxazaphosphols ( 2a ) bestimmt. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der Raum gruppe P 2 1 / c mit Z = 4. Der Oxazaphosphol‐Fünfring ist äquatorial‐axial an den praktisch trigonal‐bipyramidalen Phosphor gebunden. Die Methylgruppe besetzt eine äquatoriale Position. Nach den temperaturabhängigen 31 P‐NMR‐Spektren in Lösung der in der Methylgruppe mit 13 C angereicherten Verbindung liegt ein Gleichgewicht zweier Permutationsisomerer vor, die durch Wechsel der Methylgruppe von axialer zu äquatorialer Position entstehen. Die Lage des Gleichgewichts wird von der Reaktionsentropie bestimmt.
<title>Plasma reactor etch modeling using inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy diagnostic techniques</title> (1997)

An ICP spectrometer was modified to sample both gaseous and liquids in a controlled format. The gas proportioner was characterized and the ICP sample flow rate was adjusted to prevent negative effects on the plasma profile. Spectra comparisons were done using Ar to compare the effect of sampling techniques. The comparison of spectra from the ICP and the plasma etch tools from simple gas mixtures resulted in similar atomic spectra, although the spectral intensity distribution differed. Characterizations were done on moisture contamination, additive gas effects, loading effects, ionic dopant levels, and metallic silicide films. As the samples became more complex, the resulting spectra differences between plasma sources became less similar.
Associated production of prompt J/ψ and Υ mesons in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2023)

A bstract The associated production of prompt J/ψ and Υ mesons in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV is studied using LHCb data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4 fb − 1 . The measurement is performed for J/ψ ( Υ ) mesons with a transverse momentum p T &lt; 10 (30) GeV/ c in the rapidity range 2 . 0 &lt; y &lt; 4 . 5. In this kinematic range, the cross-section of the associated production of prompt J/ψ and Υ (1 S ) mesons is measured to be 133 ± 22 ± 7 ± 3 pb, with a significance of 7 . 9 σ , and that of prompt J/ψ and Υ (2 S ) mesons to be 76 ± 21 ± 4 ± 7 pb, with a significance of 4 . 9 σ . The first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic, and the third due to uncertainties on the used branching fractions. This is the first observation of the associated production of J/ψ and Υ (1 S ) in proton-proton collisions. Differential cross-sections are measured as functions of variables that are sensitive to kinematic correlations between the J/ψ and Υ (1 S ) mesons. The effective cross-sections of the associated production of prompt J/ψ and Υ mesons are obtained and found to be compatible with measurements using other particle productions.