gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Seamless and Unified Flow for Robust Development of DC-DC Digital Controllers (2022)

State-of-the-art DC-DC converters are very complex IPs featuring a broad range of functionalities, and their development is crucial from the early stage. Digital state-machines are the core of DC-DC controllers, and their design must be carefully taken into account; leveraging our agile approach is possible to ease the whole DC-DC development and finally reduce the time to market. Initially, referring to mobile AMOLED applications, a specific exemplary case of complex DC-DC is presented. An overview of the asynchronous design flow and its importance is depicted, while all the aspects concerning the DC-DC digital controller implementation in each design phase are detailed. Silicon results showing a DC-DC developed with the presented flow are then demonstrated. Finally, considerations regarding potential new features that may be easily embedded within the proposed flow are outlined, paving the future for possible improvement to overcome ever increasing DC-DC challenges.
FOCALISATION D'ONDES ULTRASONORES GÉNÉRÉES PAR LASER (1990)

La génération acoustique par effet thermoélastique a l'avantage d'être sans contact et non destructive. Cependant le diagramme de directivité de telle source est très large entraînant une densité d'énergie acoustique très faible dans le faisceau. Afin de modifier ces paramètres, nous utilisons un impact thermoélastique mobile en balayant le faisceau laser. Suivant la vitesse de balayage, un contrôle de la directivité ainsi qu'une amplification de l'intensité acoustique émise sont possibles. La réalisation de telle source est obtenue en utilisant un déflecteur acousto-optique synchronisé à un laser à colorant à impulsion longue. Les résultats expérimentaux obtenus pour l'aluminium sont en bon accord avec les résultats numériques.
A real-time super-resolution robot audition system that improves the robustness of simultaneous speech recognition (2013)

Abstract This study addresses a framework for a robot audition system, including sound source localization (SSL) and sound source separation (SSS), that can robustly recognize simultaneous speeches in a real environment. Because SSL estimates not only the location of speakers but also the number of speakers, such a robust framework is essential for simultaneous speech recognition. Moreover, improvement in the performance of SSS is crucial for simultaneous speech recognition because the robot has to recognize the individual source of speeches. For simultaneous speech recognition, current robot audition systems mainly require noise-robustness, high resolution, and real-time implementation. Multiple signal classification (MUSIC) based on standard Eigenvalue decomposition (SEVD) and Geometric-constrained high-order decorrelation-based source separation (GHDSS) are techniques utilizing microphone array processing, which are used for SSL and SSS, respectively. To enhance SSL robustness against noise while detecting simultaneous speeches, we improved SEVD-MUSIC by incorporating generalized Eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD). However, GEVD-based MUSIC (GEVD-MUSIC) and GHDSS mainly have two issues: (1) the resolution of pre-measured transfer functions (TFs) determines the resolution of SSL and SSS and (2) their computational cost is expensive for real-time processing. For the first issue, we propose a TF-interpolation method integrating time-domain-based and frequency-domain-based interpolation. The interpolation achieves super-resolution robot audition, which has a higher resolution than that of the pre-measured TFs. For the second issue, we propose two methods for SSL: MUSIC based on generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD-MUSIC) and hierarchical SSL (H-SSL). GSVD-MUSIC drastically reduces the computational cost while maintaining noise-robustness for localization. In addition, H-SSL reduces the computational cost by introducing a hierarchical search algorithm instead of using a greedy search for localization. These techniques are integrated into a robot audition system using a robot-embedded microphone array. The preliminary experiments for each technique showed the following: (1) The proposed interpolation achieved approximately 1-degree resolution although the TFs are only at 30-degree intervals in both SSL and SSS; (2) GSVD-MUSIC attained 46.4 and 40.6% of the computational cost compared to that of SEVD-MUSIC and GEVD-MUSIC, respectively; (3) H-SSL reduced 71.7% of the computational cost to localize a single speaker. Finally, the robot audition system, including super-resolution SSL and SSS, is applied to robustly recognize four sources of speech occurring simultaneously in a real environment. The proposed system showed considerable performance improvements of up to 7% for the average word correct rate during simultaneous speech recognition, especially when the TFs were at more than 30-degree intervals.
Induction of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Responses Upon Subcutaneous Administration of a Subunit Vaccine Adjuvanted With an Emulsion Containing the Toll-Like Receptor 3 Ligand Poly(I:C) (2018)

There is an unmet medical need for new subunit vaccines that induce cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses to prevent infection with a number of pathogens. However, stimulation of CTL responses <i>via</i> clinically acceptable subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injection is challenging. Recently, we designed a liposomal adjuvant [cationic adjuvant formulation (CAF)09] composed of the cationic lipid dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) bromide, a synthetic monomycoloyl glycerol analog and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, which induce strong CTL responses to peptide and protein antigens after intraperitoneal administration. By contrast, CAF09 does not stimulate CTL responses upon s.c. or i.m. injection because the vaccine forms a depot that remains at the injection site. Hence, we engineered a series of nanoemulsions (CAF24a-c) based on the active components of CAF09. The oil phase consisted of biodegradable squalane, and the surface charge was varied systematically by replacing DDA with zwitterionic distearoylphosphoethanolamine. We hypothesized that the nanoemulsions drain to the lymph nodes to a larger extent than CAF09, upon s.c. co-administration with the model antigen chicken egg ovalbumin (OVA). This results in an increased dose fraction that reaches the draining lymph nodes (dLNs) and subsequently activates cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs), which can prime CTL responses. Indeed, the nanoemulsions induced antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses, which were significantly higher than those stimulated by OVA adjuvanted with CAF09. We explain this by the observed rapid localization of CAF24a in the dLNs and the subsequent association with conventional DCs, which promotes induction of CTL responses. Uptake of CAF24a was not specific for DCs, because CAF24a was also detected with B cells and macrophages. No measurable dose fraction of CAF09 was detected in the dLNs within the study period, and CAF09 formed a depot at the site of injection. Importantly, s.c. vaccination with OVA adjuvanted with CAF24a induced significant levels of specific lysis of antigen-pulsed splenocytes were induced after, which was not observed for OVA adjuvanted with CAF09. Thus, CAF24a is a promising adjuvant for induction of CTL responses upon s.c. and i.m. immunization, and it offers interesting perspectives for the design of vaccines against pathogens for which CTL responses are required to prevent infection.
Advanced simulation tool for FeRAM design (2001)

Abstract A ferroelectric capacitor model was derived, and a ferroelectric device library was implemented into SPICE (both PSPICE and HSPICE) simulation tool. With this SPICE model, 1T-1C/2T-2C, or any other ferroelectric circuit, such as FeFET, chain cell, link cell can be simulated accurately and in real-time. Simulations of hysteresis loops, TVS, switching characteristics are shown in this paper.
A Heme Oxygenase-1 Transducer Model of Degenerative and Developmental Brain Disorders (2015)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a 32 kDa protein which catalyzes the breakdown of heme to free iron, carbon monoxide and biliverdin. The Hmox1 promoter contains numerous consensus sequences that render the gene exquisitely sensitive to induction by diverse pro-oxidant and inflammatory stimuli. In "stressed" astroglia, HO-1 hyperactivity promotes mitochondrial iron sequestration and macroautophagy and may thereby contribute to the pathological iron deposition and bioenergetic failure documented in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and certain neurodevelopmental conditions. Glial HO-1 expression may also impact neuroplasticity and cell survival by modulating brain sterol metabolism and the proteasomal degradation of neurotoxic proteins. The glial HO-1 response may represent a pivotal transducer of noxious environmental and endogenous stressors into patterns of neural damage and repair characteristic of many human degenerative and developmental CNS disorders.
NemaLife: A structured microfluidic culture device optimized for aging studies in crawling C. elegans (2019)

Abstract Caenorhabditis elegans is a powerful animal model in aging research. Standard longevity assays on agar plates involve the tedious task of picking and transferring animals to prevent younger progeny from contaminating age-synchronized adult populations. Large-scale studies employ progeny-blocking drugs or sterile mutants to avoid progeny contamination, but such manipulations change adult physiology and alter the influence of reproduction on normal aging. Moreover, for some agar growth-based technology platforms, such as automated lifespan machines, reagents such as food or drugs cannot be readily added/removed after initiation of the study. Current microfluidic approaches are well-suited to address these limitations, but in their liquid-based environments animals swim rather than crawl, introducing swim-induced stress in the lifespan analysis. Here we report a simple microfluidic device that we call NemaLife that features: 1) an optimized micropillar arena in which animals can crawl, 2) sieve channels that separate progeny and prevent the loss of adults from the arena during culture maintenance, and 3) ports which allow rapid accessibility to feed the adult-only population and introduce reagents as needed. Culture maintenance and liquid manipulation are performed with simple hand-held syringes to facilitate integration of our technology into general laboratory protocols. Additionally, device geometry and feeding protocols were designed to emulate the body gait, locomotion, and lifespan of animals reared on agar. We validated our approach with longevity analyses of classical aging mutants ( daf-2 , age-1 , eat-2 , and daf-16 ) and animals subjected to RNAi knockdown of age-related genes ( age-1 and daf-16 ). We also showed that healthspan measures such as pharyngeal pumping and tap-induced stimulated reversals can be scored across the lifespan. Overall, the capacity to generate reliable lifespan and physiological data from the NemaLife chip underscores the potential of this device to accelerate healthspan and lifespan investigations in C. elegans .
Dominant Role of the Cytosolic C-Terminal Domain of the Rat 5-HT1BReceptor in Axonal–Apical Targeting (2000)

The 5-HT(1A) and 5-HT(1B) receptors for serotonin exhibit a different membrane localization to either soma and dendrites (5-HT(1A)R) or axons and terminals (5-HT(1B)R) of neurons in the CNS. The mechanisms responsible for their differential targeting were investigated previously by transfecting various 5-HT(1A)R/5-HT(1B)R chimeras in the epithelial Lilly pork kidney (LLC-PK1) cell line. This first study suggested that a specific targeting signal is located in the C-terminal portion (comprising the last two transmembrane and the cytoplasmic C-terminal domains) of the 5-HT(1A)and/or 5-HT(1B) receptors. In the present study, the role of the cytosolic C-terminal tail of the receptors was further investigated by transfecting truncated receptors and 5-HT(1A)R/5-HT(1B)R chimeras in both the epithelial LLC-PK1 cells and rat hippocampal neurons in primary culture. Confocal microscopic analysis of immunofluorescence with specific anti-5-HTR antibodies and anti-microtubule-associated protein 2 or anti-neurofilament 200k antibodies showed that substitution of the cytosolic C-terminal tail of the 5-HT(1B)R in the 5-HT(1A)R addressed the resulting chimera to the axon of neurons and to the apical domain of LLC-PK1 cells. Therefore, the short tail of the 5-HT(1B)R presents an apical targeting signal that can also act as an axonal targeting signal. In addition, a domain within the third intracytoplasmic loop of the 5-HT(1B)R, responsible for its Golgi sequestration in LLC-PK1 cells, appeared to act as another axonal targeting signal in hippocampal neurons.
Synthesis of the enantiomers of myo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate, a regioisomer of myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (1997)

Routes for the synthesis of racemic myo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate DL-Ins(1,2,4,5)P4 5ab and the chiral antipodes D- and L-myo-inositol 1,2,4,5-tetrakisphosphate 5a and 5b, respectively, are described. For the synthesis of racemate 5ab, 3,6-di-O-benzoyl-1,2:4,5-di-O -isopropylidene-myo-inositol 7ab is prepared in two steps from myo-inositol. The ketals are hydrolysed under acidic conditions to give DL-1,4-di-O-benzoyl- myo-inositol 8ab. Phosphitylation of compounds 8ab using chloro(diethoxy)phosphine in the presence of base, followed by oxidation and a three-step deprotection strategy, gives DL-Ins(1,2,4,5)P4 5ab.The chiral tetrakisphosphates 5a and 5b are synthesized using a different route. The 4,5-isopropylidene group of DL-3,6-di-O -benzyl-1,2:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-myo -inositol 13ab are selectively removed under mild acidic conditions to give diol 14ab. p-Methoxybenzylation at the 4,5-positions followed by acid hydrolysis of the cis-isopropylidene ketal affords cis-diol 16ab. Selective coupling of (S)-(+)-O -acetylmandelic acid with diol 16ab at the equatorial hydroxy group provides two diastereoisomers 18 and 19, which are separated by chromatography. Basic hydrolysis of the individual diastereoisomers provides the enantiomers 16a and 16b. Acidic hydrolysis gives D- and L-3,6-di-O-benzyl- myo-inositol 20a and 20b, respectively. Phosphitylation and oxidation of tetraols 20a and 20b gives the fully blocked derivatives, which are deprotected to give tetrakisphosphates 5a and 5b, respectively. The absolute configuration of compound 20a is established by a chemical method. DL-1,2:4,5-Di-O -isopropylidene-myo-inositol 12ab is coupled to (S)-(+)-O -acetylmandelic acid to give a mixture of bis-esters 26 and 27 and crystallisation of the mixture of diastereoisomers affords pure isomer 27. Basic hydrolysis gives the pure enantiomer 12a (for which the absolute configuration is known) and benzylation followed by acid hydrolysis gives tetraol 20a with the same physical properties as compound 20a prepared by a different route described previously. D-Ins(1,2,4,5)P4 5a is a potent mobiliser of intracellular Ca2+ ions in permeabilised platelets, while L-Ins(1,2,4,5)P4 5b is inactive.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Large-Area Graphene Films (2009)

Graphene and few-layer graphene films exhibit unique properties and show promise as electronic devices as well as for passive applications. A significant challenge however is the synthesis of large area graphene and/or multilayer films. A method that is showing promise is the growth of graphene on metal substrates by chemical vapor deposition. In this paper we report on a method to grow large-area graphene films on Cu foils and graphene transfer methods to other substrates. The transferred graphene films were characterized by optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman and UV-VIS spectroscopy, and four-point probe electrical measurements. The data shows that graphene can be grown directly on Cu substrates by chemical vapor deposition. The graphene films transferred to SiO2/Si substrates show low defects as determined by the near absence of the "D" band at 1350 cm-1 in the Raman spectrum. In addition, the films were found to have high optical transmittance and electrical conductivity.
Robust Controller Design to Achieve Active Damping for a MEMS Microphone (2008)

This paper presented an H∞-controller design to achieve active damping for a MEMS microphone system. The parametric uncertainties introduced by linearization process were modeled. The stability and performance of the closed-loop system were analyzed for the uncertain microphone model and both were shown to be robust. The nonlinear simulation further verifies that the controller offers the desired performance.
A Review Study on “5G NR Slicing Enhancing IoT & Smart Grid Communication” (2021)

This paper presents a brief study over the concept of network slicing on the 5G wireless communication for enhancing IoT for renewable energy. As a new emerging technology, the network slicing has large opportunities, variety applications with certain challenges. The terminology network slicing refers to the basic capability of 5G networks which enable an efficient implementation and operation on virtual level over a shared physical network structure. The network slices can be adapted in a way that can fulfill the need of regular as well as specialized functions like mobile broadband, automobiles, smart cities, smart grid, high-tech manufacturing, utilities. There are many challenges network slicing mainly in the Core Network, Radio Access Network (RAN) relating resource allocation, SLA monitoring and many more. There are also some proposed solutions addressing those issues. This review paper gathered a brief knowledge about the matters.
Future prospects for silicon photonics (2007)

The field of Silicon Photonics has gained a significant amount of momentum in recent years. Announcements of high speed modulators and cost-efficient light sources in the Silicon-on-insulator material system have helped to make Silicon Photonics a viable contender as a low-cost active photonic platform. As a pioneer in the field, the University of Surrey continues to investigate the prospects of silicon photonics. Herein we present a summary of our work on several key areas such as ion implanted grating devices, high-speed modulators, switches and ring resonators. We conclude with a discussion on an advanced fabrication technique, proton beam writing.
A Tungsten(VI) Nitride Having a W2(μ-N)2 Core (2008)

The tungsten nitrido species, [W(mu-N)(CH2-t-Bu)(OAr)2]2 (Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl), has been prepared in a reaction between the alkylidyne species, W(C-t-Bu)(CH2-t-Bu)(OAr)2, and organonitriles. The dimeric nature of the nitride was established in the solid state through an X-ray study and in solution through a combination of 15N NMR spectroscopy and vibrational spectroscopy. Reaction of the nitride with trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate afforded the monomeric trimethylsilyl imido species, W(NSiMe3)(CH2-t-Bu)(OAr)2(OSO2CF3), which was also characterized crystallographically. The W2N2 core can be reduced by one electron electrochemically or in bulk with metallocenes to afford the radical anion, {n-Bu4N}{[W(mu-N)(CH2-t-Bu)(OAr)2]2}. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the lowest-energy allowable transition in [W(mu-N)(CH2-t-Bu)(OAr)2]2 is from a highest occupied molecular orbital consisting largely of ligand-based lone pairs into what is largely a metal-based lowest unoccupied molecular orbital.
Symbiotic Radio: Cognitive Backscattering Communications for Future Wireless Networks (2020)

The heterogenous wireless services and exponentially growing traffic call for novel spectrum- and energy-efficient wireless communication technologies. In this paper, a new technique, called symbiotic radio (SR), is proposed to exploit the benefits and address the drawbacks of cognitive radio (CR) and ambient backscattering communications(AmBC), leading to mutualism spectrum sharing and highly reliable backscattering communications. In particular, the secondary transmitter (STx) in SR transmits messages to the secondary receiver (SRx) over the RF signals originating from the primary transmitter (PTx) based on cognitive backscattering communications, thus the secondary system shares not only the radio spectrum, but also the power, and infrastructure with the primary system. In return, the secondary transmission provides beneficial multipath diversity to the primary system, therefore the two systems form mutualism spectrum sharing. More importantly, joint decoding is exploited at SRx to achieve highly reliable backscattering communications. To exploit the full potential of SR, in this paper, we address three fundamental tasks in SR: (1) enhancing the backscattering link via active load; (2) achieving highly reliable communications through joint decoding; and (3) capturing PTx's RF signals using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces. Emerging applications, design challenges and open research problems will also be discussed.
DNNZip: Selective Layers Compression Technique in Deep Neural Network Accelerators (2020)

International audience
Improvement of Endurance and Data-retention in 40nm TaO<inf>X</inf>-based ReRAM by Finalize Verify (2018)

This paper investigates Set/Reset endurance cycles utilizing Verify operation in order to extend the acceptable data-retention time of 40nm TaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> based Resistive Random Access Memory (ReRAM). Applying Verify operation enhances data-retention time drastically at low Set/Reset cycles. However, as Set/Reset cycles with applying Verify operation increase, ReRAM-cell deteriorates and bit-error rate (BER) of low resistance state (LRS) increases [1]. To suppress this deterioration by Verify-stress, “Finalize_Verify” is proposed. As a result, the data-retention time of LRS is enhanced even at the high Set/Reset cycles. In addition, assuming to using error-correcting code (ECC), effect of ECC strength in Verify operation and Finalize_Verify operation is investigated.
Measurement of Chain Transfer Constants to Polymer Using Oligomers and Model Compounds:  Chain Transfer to Poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate] in Radical Polymerization (2005)

The chain transfer constant to polymer (CP) for poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate] was measured directly by the Mayo method by following the decrease in molecular weight at low monomer conversion by gel permeation chromatography of poly(methyl acrylate) generated in the presence of increasing amounts of 11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl propionate (CP = (6.62 ± 0.476) × 10-3) and 11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl isobutyrate (CP = (4.27 ± 0.858) × 10-3) as model compounds that mimic one repeat unit of the polymer and oligo[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate] with nine repeat units (CP = (5.54 ± 0.608) × 10-3) synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. The mean chain transfer constant, CP = 5.48 × 10-3, was used to calculate the extent of branching (ρ) in poly[11-(4‘-cyanophenyl-4‘ ‘-phenoxy)undecyl acrylate] (DPn = 37) synthesized by conventional radical polymerization: ρ = 0.0042−0.020 at 72−99% conversion, which corresponds to one branch per 6.4−1.4 chains, respectively, of 37 repeat units.