gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pro‐inflammation and pro‐fibrosis factors were highly induction in heart tissues of carotid arteries balloon‐injured animal model (2012)

To investigate the changes of cardiomyocyte inflammation and fibrosis factors in heart of carotid artery balloon injury inflammatory rat model. Using rat carotid artery balloon injury model to detect left ventricular characteristics at 2 h, 2 days and 14 days after surgery using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) gross stain, Masson's trichome stain and Western blot analysis for inflammatory and fibrosis-induced factors, tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), JNK1, P38α, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), SP1 and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) protein expressions. The rat carotid arteries were injured after 2 h, 2 days and 14 days. Balloon-angioplasty to H&E stain results showed the increasing trend of left ventricular wall at 2 h and 2 days; then, the left ventricular wall became thinner, and the left ventricular chamber became enlarged and dilated after 14 days of carotid artery balloon injury. In addition, the Masson's trichome stain results showed that the left ventricular section has fibrosis-related blue staining (collagen) at 2 and 14 days after rat carotid artery balloon injury, and became even more severe at 14 days. Furthermore, we observed the protein expression level changs, which include TNFα, JNK1, P38α, CTGF, SP1 and TGFβ using Western blotting assay. All proteins were induced at 2 h, 2 days and then reached the maximal level at 14 days. The vessel inflammation was associated with cardiac inflammatory and fibrosis effects during or after carotid artery balloon injury.
LIMAN: Local Information-Based Multiattention Network for 3D Shape Recognition (2021)

Exploring effective 3D shape recognition algorithms attracts much research attention recently. The existing multiview-based 3D shape recognition methods usually ignore the local information exploration in each view image. In this article, we propose a novel local information-based multiattention network, which concentrates the effective information in the feature maps and captures the view-wise interactions to improve the shape representation performance. Concretely, we design the spatial-aware and channel-aware weight learning modules to quantify the contributions of each spatial region and channel for feature map updating in the view-wise descriptor extraction process. Then, the multihead attention module is introduced for multiview feature aggregation, considering the view-wise interactions to preserve the effective information. Finally, we generate the discriminative shape descriptors for 3D shape recognition task. We conduct comprehensive experiments on the ModelNet databases and achieve competitive performances compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
Fast Search of a Similar Patch for Self-Similarity Based Image Super Resolution (2016)

In the self-similarity super resolution (SR) approach, similar examples are searched across down-scales in the image pyramid, and the computations of searching similar examples are very heavy. This makes it difficult to work in a real-time way under common software implementation. Therefore, the search process should be further accelerated at an algorithm level. Cauchy-Schwarz inequality has been used previously for fast vector quantization (VQ) encoding. The candidate patches in the search region of SR are analogous to the code-words in the VQ, and Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is exploited to exclude implausible candidate patches early. Consequently, significant acceleration of the similar patch search process is achieved. The proposed method can easily make an optimal trade-off between running speed and visual quality by appropriately configuring the bypass-threshold.
Corrosion Behavior of Stainless Steels in Crevice under Wet-Dry Exposure in Chloride-Containing Environments (2016)

すきま内に蓄積した塩化物と腐食特性との関係を明らかにするために，数種のステンレス鋼を用いてスポット溶接によりすきまを形成して，0.86 kmol･m－3NaCl 水溶液噴霧，乾燥，湿潤過程からなる塩乾湿繰り返し試験を行った．すきま内に蓄積した塩化物は主としてNaCl であり，少量の金属塩化物を含む．すきま内Cl 量が約20 mmol･m－2，（Fe＋Cr）量が0.5 mmol･m－2 に到達したとき，SUS436L とSUS444 の最大腐食深さはサイクル数の増加とともに増加した．SUS304 とSUS316L の場合，最大腐食深さがサイクル数とともに増加するのに必要なNaCl および金属塩化物がすきま内に蓄積されなかった．深さ方向に腐食を成長させるには，すきま内にある一定濃度以上の金属塩化物を含む塩化物を蓄積する必要がある．本研究における腐食形態は孔食であった．すきまには塩化物の蓄積を促進する役割があると考えられた．
Definitions of response and remission for the Robarts Histopathology Index (2018)

The Robarts Histopathology Index (RHI) is a recently validated instrument that measures histological disease activity in ulcerative colitis.1 Given the increasing importance and use of histology in UC as a treatment outcome, additional evaluation and clarification of the definitions for histological remission and response using the RHI is needed.

During the development of the RHI, we demonstrated that most patients in clinical or endoscopic remission had an RHI≤6. However, an RHI≤6 should not be used to define histological remission as was recently suggested by Magro et al .2 Rather, the minimal criteria for histological remission should be the absence of neutrophils from the mucosa (both lamina propria and epithelium), as neutrophils have long been used to define histologically active disease.3 Furthermore, the presence of mucosal neutrophils in biopsies from patients in clinical remission predicts clinical relapse.4 Using the RHI, an absence of mucosal neutrophils is defined as RHI≤3 with the additional requirement of subscores of 0 for lamina propria neutrophils and 0 for neutrophils in epithelium. Given that basal plasmacytosis has also been suggested as an important histological predictor of adverse outcomes,5 an alternate histological endpoint that requires both the absence of mucosal neutrophils and basal plasmacytosis defined as an RHI≤1 could be attractive. However, this composite definition might be too …
Mechanism-Based Screen for G1/S Checkpoint Activators Identifies a Selective Activator of EIF2AK3/PERK Signalling (2012)

Human cancers often contain genetic alterations that disable G1/S checkpoint control and loss of this checkpoint is thought to critically contribute to cancer generation by permitting inappropriate proliferation and distorting fate-driven cell cycle exit. The identification of cell permeable small molecules that activate the G1/S checkpoint may therefore represent a broadly applicable and clinically effective strategy for the treatment of cancer. Here we describe the identification of several novel small molecules that trigger G1/S checkpoint activation and characterise the mechanism of action for one, CCT020312, in detail. Transcriptional profiling by cDNA microarray combined with reverse genetics revealed phosphorylation of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha (EIF2A) through the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3/PERK) as the mechanism of action of this compound. While EIF2AK3/PERK activation classically follows endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress signalling that sets off a range of different cellular responses, CCT020312 does not trigger these other cellular responses but instead selectively elicits EIF2AK3/PERK signalling. Phosphorylation of EIF2A by EIF2A kinases is a known means to block protein translation and hence restriction point transit in G1, but further supports apoptosis in specific contexts. Significantly, EIF2AK3/PERK signalling has previously been linked to the resistance of cancer cells to multiple anticancer chemotherapeutic agents, including drugs that target the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and taxanes. Consistent with such findings CCT020312 sensitizes cancer cells with defective taxane-induced EIF2A phosphorylation to paclitaxel treatment. Our work therefore identifies CCT020312 as a novel small molecule chemical tool for the selective activation of EIF2A-mediated translation control with utility for proof-of-concept applications in EIF2A-centered therapeutic approaches, and as a chemical starting point for pathway selective agent development. We demonstrate that consistent with its mode of action CCT020312 is capable of delivering potent, and EIF2AK3 selective, proliferation control and can act as a sensitizer to chemotherapy-associated stresses as elicited by taxanes.
ATP7B variant c.1934T > G p.Met645Arg causes Wilson disease by promoting exon 6 skipping (2020)

Wilson disease is a recessive genetic disorder caused by pathogenic loss-of-function variants in the <i>ATP7B</i> gene. It is characterized by disrupted copper homeostasis resulting in liver disease and/or neurological abnormalities. The variant NM_000053.3:c.1934T > G (Met645Arg) has been reported as compound heterozygous, and is highly prevalent among Wilson disease patients of Spanish descent. Accordingly, it is classified as pathogenic by leading molecular diagnostic centers. However, functional studies suggest that the amino acid change does not alter protein function, leading one ClinVar submitter to question its pathogenicity. Here, we used a minigene system and gene-edited HepG2 cells to demonstrate that c.1934T > G causes ~70% skipping of exon 6. Exon 6 skipping results in frameshift and stop-gain, leading to loss of <i>ATP7B</i> function. The elucidation of the mechanistic effect for this variant resolves any doubt about its pathogenicity and enables the development of genetic medicines for restoring correct splicing.
Septicemia after Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (1990)

Clinical and bacteriological data from 55 patients who developed septicemia within 3 days after ERCP were collected. Forty-four patients presented with septicemia after therapeutic endoscopy, with incomplete drainage in forty, eight after diagnostic ERCP performed in obstructed bile ducts in another center and not followed by endoscopic therapy, and three with a normal common bile duct after diagnostic ERCP. The incidence of septicemia is significantly higher in cases of malignant obstruction than in benign obstruction (21% vs 3%; p less than 0.01), due mainly to the problems of drainage associated with tumoral infiltration. Forty-eight patients (87%) had incomplete bile duct drainage when they developed septicemia, and among the seven remaining cases, 3 had cholecystitis and 3 abscesses in the biliopancreatic area. Previous diagnostic ERCP without drainage was also clearly associated with septicemia after therapeutic ERCP. The most commonly isolated bacteria from blood and bile cultures were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. P. aeruginosa was observed mainly in patients referred from other centers after previous diagnostic ERCP, and was unusual in patients without previous ERCP. It is associated with problems in the disinfection of the scopes. Six deaths were attributed to sepsis, always in patients with incomplete biliary drainage which could not be improved. In most of the cases, septicemia after ERCP is related to incomplete bile duct drainage, and in some cases, to biliopancreatic infected collections. Careful disinfection of the endoscopes and other endoscopic devices is mandatory to avoid an unacceptably high rate of P. aeruginosa infection.
Breakdown degradation of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with multi-finger gate patterns (2016)

This paper describes breakdown characteristics of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with multi-finger gate patterns. We studied the spatial profile of electroluminescence (EL) from AlGaN/GaN HEMTs under high drain and near pinch-off gate bias. As a result, different EL emission profiles and breakdown characteristics were observed depending on the drain electrode pattern of the devices.
Enhanced DFT-based channel estimation for LDM systems over SFN channels (2015)

Layered-Division-Multiplexing (LDM) technology is a non-orthogonal multiplexing (NOM) technology which enables efficient transmission of multiple signals with different robustness and throughput requirements. By performing efficient noise filtering, DFT-based channel estimation (DFT-CE) method has been shown to be able to provide near-optimal performance with low complexity in a Typical Urban (TU) fading channel environment. On the other hand, in a Single-Frequency-Network (SFN) deployment, a receiver often faces the more challenging SFN channels, in which large delays are found between the signals received from different transmitters. This could significantly degrade the mobile performance of the future OFDM-based digital TV (DTV) system. In this paper, we propose a DFT-CE technique based on sub-window filtering (SubWin-DFT-CE). We show that the proposed method is able to significantly improve the mobile performance for SFN channels even with a delay spread close to the guard interval (GI) duration.
The utility of upper urinary tract urine cytology before and after application of the Paris system (2018)

Using strict TPS criteria in upper urinary tract cytology specimens may decrease the frequency of positive diagnoses with a concurrent increase in suspicious diagnoses. These findings may indicate that different morphologic features, particularly markedly irregular nuclear contours, may have different predictive values for HGUC in upper urinary tract cytology specimens compared with those from the lower urinary tract.
A high-drive CMOS buffer for high capacitive loads (2002)

A CMOS buffer for high capacitive loads is presented. The objective of the design has been a high-power, area-efficient buffer to be used in very large scale analog applications. The use of compensation capacitor has been avoided and therefore a significant saving of die area has been achieved. This was made possible by using two half-circuits at the input and eliminating the intermediate stage, and also resistive compensation at the output stage. The buffer can deliver a slew rate of 1.2 V/ mu s to capacitive loads in excess of 5000 pF. It has a total harmonic distortion of less than 3% at 20 kHz. At stand-by, it consumes only 125 mu A (0.625 mW). The buffer occupies 100 mils/sup 2/ of die area in a 3 mu m technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Musical Enculturation in Preschool Children: Acquisition of Key and Harmonic Knowledge (2010)

Even adults without formal music training have implicit musical knowledge that they have acquired through day-to-day exposure to the music of their culture. Two of the more sophisticated musical abilities to develop in childhood are knowledge of key membership (which notes belong in a key) and harmony (chords and chord progressions). Previous research suggests sensitivity to key membership by 4 or 5 years, but provides no behavioral evidence of harmony perception until 6 or 7. Thus, we examined knowledge of key membership and harmony in 4- and 5-year-old children using a simple task and a familiar song. In line with previous research, we found that even the youngest children had acquired key membership. Furthermore, even 4-year-olds demonstrated some knowledge of Western harmony, which continued to develop between 4 and 5 years of age. In sum, our results indicate that harmony perception begins to develop earlier than has been previously suggested.
Clinicopathological characteristics of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor according to progranulin expression. (2019)

57 Background: As an autocrine growth factor, progranulin (PGRN) has been known to stimulate tumorigenesis and proliferation of several types of cancer cells. However, little is known about the clinicopathological features of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) according to the PGRN expression. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed for patients with GIST who underwent curative surgical resection between March 2007 and March 2018. PGRN expression in tumor cells was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis and semi-quantitatively categorized (no expression, 0; weak, 1+; moderate, 2+; strong, 3+). High expression was considered for tumors graded 2+ or 3+ staining intensity. Results: A total of 54 patients were analyzed, and 31 patients (57%) were male. Median age at surgery was 60 years (range, 33-79), and the most common primary site was stomach (36 patients, 67%). Spindle histology was observed in 35 patients (65%). Median tumor size was 8 cm (range, 2-47), and low mitotic count (≤ 5/50 HPF) was observed in 18 patients (33%). According to the modified NIH classification, 42 patients (78%) were grouped into high risk. With IHC evaluation, KIT and CD34 expression were observed in 51 patients (94%) and 40 patients (80%), respectively, and 27 patients (50%) had high PGRN-expressing tumors. Among the 34 patients whose tumors were genotyped, 25 patients (74%) had an exon 11 mutation, and D842V was observed in 3 patients (9%). According to the PGRN expression, high PGRN-expressing tumors had more epithelioid/mixed histology (68% vs. 32%; p = 0.046), and KIT exon 11 mutation (76% vs. 24%; p = 0.037). Regarding other clinicopathological characters, such as sex, age at surgery, primary site, size, mitotic count, risk classification, and KIT/CD34 expression, there was no significant difference between high PGRN-expressing tumors and low PGRN-expressing tumors. Conclusions: High PGRN-expressing GISTs had more epithelioid/mixed histology and more KIT exon 11 mutation in GIST patients who underwent curative surgical resection.
Heterogeneity of the autosomal dominant split hand/split foot malformation. (1995)

Reply to Zlotogora: Heterogeneity of the autosomal dominant split hand/split foot malformation
Dual-System Simulation-Soundness with Applications to UC-PAKE and More. (2014)

We introduce a novel concept of dual-system simulation-sound non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs. Dual-system NIZK proof system can be seen as a two-tier proof system. As op-posed to the usual notion of zero-knowledge proofs, dual-system defines an intermediate partial-simulation world, where the proof simulator may have access to additional auxiliary information about the potential language member, for example a membership bit, and simulation of proofs is only guaranteed if the membership bit is correct. Further, dual-system NIZK proofs allow a quasi-adaptive setting where the CRS can be generated based on language parameters. This allows for the further possibility that the partial-world CRS simulator may have access to fur-ther trapdoors related to the language parameters. We show that for important hard languages like the Diffie-Hellman language, such dual-system proof systems can be given which allow unbounded partial simulation soundness, and which further allow transition between partial simulation world and single-theorem full simulation world even when proofs are sought on non-members. The construction is surprisingly simple, involving only two additional group elements in asymmetric bilinear pairing groups.
Capturing the Stars: Predicting Ratings for Service and Product Reviews (2010)

Bloggers, professional reviewers, and consumers continuously create opinion–rich web reviews about products and services, with the result that textual reviews are now abundant on the web and often convey a useful overall rating (number of stars). However, an overall rating cannot express the multiple or conflicting opinions that might be contained in the text, or explicitly rate the different aspects of the evaluated entity. This work addresses the task of automatically predicting ratings, for given aspects of a textual review, by assigning a numerical score to each evaluated aspect in the reviews. We handle this task as both a regression and a classification modeling problem and explore several combinations of syntactic and semantic features. Our results suggest that classification techniques perform better than ranking modeling when handling evaluative text. 1
Effect of cinnamamides on atopic dermatitis through regulation of IL-4 in CD4+ cells (2019)

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of cinnamamides on atopic dermatitis (AD) and the mechanisms underlying these effects. To this end, the actions of two cinnamamides, (E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenylethyl acrylamide (NCT) and N-trans-coumaroyltyramine (NCPA), were determined on AD by orally administering them to mice. Oral administration of the cinnamamides ameliorated the increase in epidermal and dermal thickness as well as mast cell infiltration. Cinnamamides suppressed serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels and expression of T-helper (Th)1/Th2 cytokines. Moreover, cinnamamides suppressed interleukin (IL)-4, which plays a crucial role in preparing naïve clusters of differentiation (CD)4<sup>+</sup> T cells, and decreased the cervical lymph node size and weight. Interestingly, in almost all cases, NCPA exhibited higher anti-AD activity compared to NCT. These results strongly indicate that NCPA may have potential as an anti-AD agent, and further mechanistic comparative studies of NCT and NCPA are required to determine the cause of differences in biological activity.
From 2D to 3D Nonvolatile Memories (2020)

The NAND architecture has been leading nonvolatile memories in both the technology scaling and the market size. The 4 bits per cell technology has been realized in 3D NAND, which further enhances the bit cost scaling in 3D NAND. In a 2D NAND string, memory cells are arranged in series between select gates. The principle of the technology scaling is different between 2D NAND architecture and 3D NAND architecture. In the 2D NAND, the cell density was increased by reducing the physical cell size. The cell-to-cell interference increases in the scaled 2D NAND when the cell becomes smaller and the distance to the neighboring cells becomes shorter. Polysilicon is used for the channel in 3D NAND due to the requirements from process integration. The 3D NAND cell shows improved electrical characteristics compared to the scaled 2D NAND cell thanks to a larger cell size and a GAA cell structure.
Performance trade-offs of argon implanted SOI MOSFETs with In and Sb retrograde channel doping (2003)

We report high performance device characteristics of 0.18 /spl mu/m SOI CMOS technology with indium (In) and antimony (Sb) retrograde channel doping and argon (Ar) implant. Experimental results demonstrate significant suppression of floating body (FB) effects, reduced off-state current, improved I/sub on/-I/sub off/ characteristics, and reduced drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) values for the Ar implanted SOI devices. At the same time, the presence of Ar leads to increased subthreshold swing (SS), degraded GIDL characteristics, and increased electrical gate oxide thickness. Experimental results also show that the Ar implant for suppression of FB effects in PD SOI NMOS devices is less significant as the device gate channel length reduces to 0.15 /spl mu/m and below.
Fast amplifier PAE optimization using resonant frequency interval halving with an evanescent-mode cavity tuner (2017)

Fast tuning of a new evanescent-mode cavity tuner is demonstrated to optimize amplifier device power-added efficiency in simulations. The tuning is accomplished by adjusting the two resonant frequencies of the two-element tuner network with a modified interval halving approach. The tuner model is used to adjust the load impedance presented to a power amplifier device. Simulation results show that the tuner is able to quickly converge to provide optimum-efficiency matching to the device from different starting resonant-frequency combinations.
Analysis of the comminution of mixtures (1962)

Abstract This investigation has shown that the unit operation of size reduction can be considered to be the result of many individual comminution events and that the distribution modulus of a comminuted solid is a property of the material, independent of whether the material has been ground separately or as part of a mixture. Investigation of the comminution of quartz and limestone in a rod mill has shown that the energy‐size reduction relationships which have been developed for the comminution of homogeneous materials can be used to analyze the comminution of mixtures. Size reduction of mixtures in rod mills has been found to be complex because energy is consumed preferentially by the harder material. Methods are presented to predict the distribution modulus, size modulus, and energy consumption for the size reduction of mixtures.