gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size Effects in Vibrating Silicon Crystal Microbeams (2018)

The vibrations of ultrathin silicon cantilever microbeams are studied using consistent couple-stress theory to investigate size-dependent effects. The corresponding Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is used to estimate the couple-stress length scale parameter of single crystal silicon, based on measured experimental data for the resonant frequency of cantilever microbeams. The present work demonstrates that conventional use of classical beam theories, along with rigidly clamped cantilever boundary conditions, can lead to misinterpretation of experimental data, necessitating the introduction of nonphysical size-dependent effective material properties, such as an effective Young’s modulus. Alternatively, proper modeling of the cantilever boundary conditions combined with use of couple-stress theory can account for the observed mechanical scale dependence in silicon micro- and nanostructures from fundamental principles of continuum mechanics. Moreover, the modeling approach presented here can be generalized to other micro- and nanoscale structures and materials. As such, the developed approach may be useful for the rational design of additional novel applications of such structures, ranging from optomechanical transducers to ultrasensitive biochemical sensors.
Volumetric intracardiac imaging using a fully integrated CMUT ring array: Recent developments (2011)

Atrial fibrillation, the most common type of cardiac arrhythmia, now affects more than 2.2 million adults in the US alone. Currently, electrophysiological interventions are performed under fluoroscopy guidance, a procedure that introduces harmful ionizing radiation without providing adequate soft-tissue resolution. Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) provides real-time, high-resolution anatomical information, reduces fluoroscopy time, and enhances procedural success. We have previously developed a forward-looking, volumetric ICE catheter using a ring-shaped, 64-element capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) array with a 10MHz center frequency. The Ring array was flip-chip bonded to a flexible PCB along with 8 identical custom ASICs providing a total of 64 dedicated preamplifiers. The flex was then reshaped for integration with the catheter shaft. In the second-generation catheter, 72 micro-coaxial cables (reduced from 100) are terminated on a newly designed flex to provide the connection between the array electronics and the imaging system. The reduced number of cables enhances the catheter's steerability. Furthermore, the new flex allows grounding of the top CMUT electrode through proper level-shifting of the ASIC supplies without additional circuitry. This feature enables complete ground shielding of the catheter, which improves its noise susceptibility and is an important safety measure for its clinical use. Beyond real-time, forward-looking imaging capability, the Ring catheter provides a continuous central lumen, enabling convenient delivery of other devices such as HIFU transducers, RF ablation catheters, etc. Using a PC-based imaging platform from Verasonics and a commercial Vivid7 imaging system from GE, we have demonstrated the in vivo, volumetric, real-time imaging capability of the finalized Ring catheter in a pig heart.
Analysis of the frequency-domain Wiener filter with the prediction gain (2010)

This paper presents a theoretical analysis on the performance of the optimal noise-reduction filter in the frequency domain. Using the autoregressive (AR) model to model both the clean speech and noise, we build the relationship between the Wiener filter and the AR parameters of the clean speech and noise signals. We show that if noise is not predictable, the Wiener filter is mostly related to the AR parameters of the desired speech signal. On the contrary, if the desired signal is not predictable, the Wiener filter is then mostly related to the AR parameters of the noise signal. More importantly, we provide the bounds for noise reduction, speech distortion, and SNR improvement, and show that the performance of the Wiener filter in terms of SNR improvement and degree of noise reduction and speech distortion is closely related to the prediction gain of the desired speech and noise signals.
Hybrid Optofluidic Device for Fluidic Particle Manipulation and Detection (2013)

Integrated fluidic control and optical detection are presented through the synthesis of microfluidic automata and optofluidic waveguides. Analyte mixing and fluid velocity are controlled on Automaton while optical detection is achieved via liquid-core ARROW waveguides.
PERIVASCULAR ACTION OF THE LOCAL ANAESTHETIC, LIDOCAINE, ON PIAL TERMINAL ARTERIOLES: DIRECT OBSERVATIONS ON THE MICROCIRCULATION (1981)

Considerable controversy currently exists with respect to whether or not local anaesthetics exert direct action on cerebral arteriolar tone. In situ experiments were therefore undertaken on pial terminal arterioles of rats to determine whether or not perivascular application of lidocaine exerts any action on such cerebral vessels. Vessel size was assessed with an image-splitting television microscope recording system. The vessels studied ranged in size from 25 to 30 micron. Lidocaine was applied in artificial CSF in dosages of 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 2.0 mg. Significant dose-dependent dilatation (i.e., 15.7-45.3% increases in lumen sizes) of the pial terminal arterioles was observed. The results are discussed in light of current developments concerning the mechanism whereby local anaesthetics alleviate increased intracranial pressure and cerebral vasospasm.
Performance Driven Six-Port Receiver and Its Advantages over Low-IF Receiver Architecture (2014)

This paper provides an extensive analysis of the performance of a six-port based direct conversion receiver (SPR) in terms of signal quality, dynamic range, noise figure, ports matching, isolation, bandwidth, and cost. Calibration technique using multimemory polynomials has been adopted in order to improve the signal quality of the six-port receiver. The performances of the calibrated receiver are then compared with the performances of a commercially available I-Q demodulator used as a low-IF receiver. The main advantages and disadvantages of the SPR compared to the low-IF receiver are highlighted. The major advantages of the SPR come in terms of its available input frequency bandwidth and the low power requirement. The SPR system requires no external bias supply but suffers in terms of the available conversion gain. A better port matching of the SPR can be guaranteed over a wide frequency bandwidth, which mixer based receiver systems lack. The main component limiting the performance of a SPR is the diode detector. A faster and a better diode detector will alleviate some of the problems highlighted in this paper. The SPR system is calibratable and its error-vector-magnitude performance can be made better than the I-Q demodulator used as a low-IF receiver.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-9, Tables 1-2 from Profound but Dysfunctional Lymphangiogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Ligands from CD11b<sup>+</sup> Macrophages in Advanced Ovarian Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-9, Tables 1-2 from Profound but Dysfunctional Lymphangiogenesis via Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Ligands from CD11b&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; Macrophages in Advanced Ovarian Cancer
P2X7 receptor activation mediates superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) release from murine NSC-34 motor neurons (2022)

Mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) can be constitutively released from motor neurons and transmitted to naïve motor neurons to promote the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, the biological impacts of this process and the precise mechanisms of SOD1 release remain to be fully resolved. Using biochemical and fluorescent techniques, this study aimed to determine if P2X7 receptor activation could induce mutant SOD1 release from motor neurons and whether this released SOD1 could be transmitted to motor neurons or microglia to mediate effects associated with neurodegeneration in ALS. Aggregated SOD1<sup>G93A</sup>, released from murine NSC-34 motor neurons transiently transfected with SOD1<sup>G93A</sup>, could be transmitted to naïve NSC-34 cells and murine EOC13 microglia to induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) release, respectively. Immunoblotting revealed NSC-34 cells expressed P2X7. Extracellular ATP induced cation dye uptake into these cells, which was blocked by the P2X7 antagonist AZ10606120, demonstrating these cells express functional P2X7. Moreover, ATP induced the rapid release of aggregated SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> from NSC-34 cells transiently transfected with SOD1<sup>G93A</sup>, a process blocked by AZ10606120 and revealing a role for P2X7 in this process. ATP-induced SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> release coincided with membrane blebbing. Finally, aggregated SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> released via P2X7 activation could also be transmitted to NSC-34 and EOC13 cells to induce ER stress and TNFα release, respectively. Collectively, these results identify a novel role for P2X7 in the prion-like propagation of SOD1 in ALS and provide a possible explanation for the therapeutic benefits of P2X7 antagonism previously observed in ALS SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice.
Supplementary Table S2 from Mechanisms and Effects of Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Expression in Immune-Privileged Site-Associated B-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

Supplementary Table S2 from Mechanisms and Effects of Loss of Human Leukocyte Antigen Class II Expression in Immune-Privileged Site-Associated B-Cell Lymphoma
Time resolved transillumination: Simulation and comparative results (1992)

A Monte Carlo simulation has been developed to predict the quality of time resolved images of the breast by transillumination. The smallest diameter of a detectable carcinoma located in the breast has been computed. The simulation suggests that time resolved imaging of the breast is possible and invaluable in the near infra-red (NIR) by transillumination. The estimated diameter of the smallest detectable sphere is de rived from the image quality index theory (or IQI theory) and its value is around 4 mm.
An Optimization Framework for Weighting Implicit Relevance Labels for Personalized Web Search (2015)

Implicit feedback from users of a web search engine is an essential source providing consistent personal relevance labels from the actual population of users. However, previous studies on personalized search employ this source in a rather straightforward manner. Basically, documents that were clicked on get maximal gain, and the rest of the documents are assigned the zero gain. As we demonstrate in our paper, a ranking algorithm trained using these gains directly as the ground truth relevance labels leads to a suboptimal personalized ranking.
Architectures for Advanced Cryptographic Systems (2008)

In the last 20-30 years, the world of modern cryptography has been largely dominated by traditional systems such as the Data Encryption Standard and the RSA algorithm. Such systems have provided a secure way for storing and transmitting information and they are nowadays incorporated in many network protocols and secure storage media. More recently, the increasing advance of crypto-analytical techniques and tools and the emergence of new applications, for example wireless communications and mobile computing, have stimulated the research and development of innovative cryptographic algorithms. These newer systems require a more detailed and sophisticated mathematical formalization and operations, which are not normally supported by general-purpose processors. For example, many basic operations required to implement recently proposed cryptographic algorithms, such as the Advanced Encryption Standard or Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems, are based on arithmetic in finite fields (or Galois fields). This chapter is, thus, intended to give an overview of such developments in modern cryptography. In particular, it aims at giving the reader a comprehensive understanding of innovative cryptosystems, their basic structure, alternative existing hardware architectures to implement them, and their performance requirements and characterizations. Emphasis will be made throughout on two important cases: the Advanced Encryption Standard and Elliptic Curve Cryptosystems.
Supplemental Figure 7 from A Systematic Analysis Reveals Heterogeneous Changes in the Endocytic Activities of Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 7: Comparison of internalization and total surface binding of endocytic markers between cluster 1 and cluster 2.&lt;/p&gt;
Complete modal decomposition for optical waveguides (2005)

We present a novel approach to complete modal decomposition of the vectorial field in optical waveguide based on the phase retrieval algorithm. Experimental confirmation is provided by examining mode interaction in a photonic bandgap fiber.
Magnetic moments in a helical edge can make weak correlations seem strong (2016)

We study the effect of localized magnetic moments on the conductance of a helical edge. Interaction with a local moment is an effective backscattering mechanism for the edge electrons. We evaluate the resulting differential conductance as a function of temperature $T$ and applied bias $V$ for any value of $V/T$. Backscattering off magnetic moments, combined with the weak repulsion between the edge electrons, results in a power-law temperature and voltage dependence of the conductance; the corresponding small positive exponent is indicative of insulating behavior. Local moments may naturally appear due to charge disorder in a narrow-gap semiconductor. Our results provide an alternative interpretation of the recent experiment by Li et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 136804 (2015)] where a power-law suppression of the conductance was attributed to strong electron repulsion within the edge, with the value of Luttinger-liquid parameter $K$ fine tuned close to $1/4$.
Echocardiographic findings of pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis and intact ventricular septum in utero (1999)

Abstract Background: Neonates with right ventricular outflow obstruction and intact ventricular septum show serious hemodynamic problems, such as severe hypoxemia, congestive heart failure due to massive tricuspid regurgitation, respiratory distress related to huge pulmonary hypoplasia or ventricular dysfunction due to right ventricle-coronary communication. Recent advances in fetal diagnosis include many cases of in utero diagnosis of pulmonary atresia or critical pulmonary stenosis and intact ventricular septum. Method: Among the fetuses examined from April 1994 to March 1998, five fetuses were found with pulmonary atresia (PA) or critical pulmonary stenosis (CPS). Fetal echocardiograms were reviewed to elucidate the accuracy of fetal information and the efficacy of fetal diagnosis in the perinatal management of patient with CPS or PA and intact ventricular septum. Results: The five cases were divided into two groups: two with a very small right ventricle (group 1) and three with a tripartite right ventricle (group 2). Fetal cardiomegaly and right atrial dilatation were prominent in group 2, whereas cardiac sizes were normal in group 1. Serial fetal examination in one group 2 fetus revealed developing right ventricular hypertrophy in utero. All group 2 cases showed massive tricuspid regurgitation (TR). Estimated right ventricular pressures from TR always exceeded the systemic blood pressures of gestational age-matched neonates. Reversed flow through the ductus arteriosus was recorded in both groups and ductus-dependent pulmonary circulation after birth was anticipated. Patency of both tricuspid and pulmonary valves was difficult to recognize in utero, as was right ventricle-coronary artery communication. Four of the five cases were maternally transported and survived palliative and/or definitive intervention. One fetus with chromosomal abnormality was observed without intervention during infancy and received palliative surgery when she was two years old. Conclusion: Fetal hemodynamic information was useful for making decisions not only after birth, but also in utero, and may eventually result in improving the prognosis of babies with PA/CPS. Serial observation of the fetuses with PA/CPS may also suggest the possible pathogenesis of PA/CPS in utero.
Phosphine ligand and base-free, Pd- catalyzed oxidative cross-coupling reaction of arylboronic acids with arylmercuric acetates (2007)

Arylmercuric acetates have been found to undergo Suzuki type cross coupling reactions with arylboronic acids catalyzed by palladium salts in non-polar solvents under ambient conditions to give biaryl derivatives in high yields.The reaction is mild and does not require any organic or inorganic base nor a phosphine ligand.
Enhancement of CsNO3 Extraction in 1,2-Dichloroethane by Tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Triamide Derivatives via a Dual-Host Strategy (2000)

A systematic study of a dual-host system exhibiting pairwise anion/cation separations has been performed for CsNO3 extraction. Tripodal triamides 1-4 and 9 derived from condensation of hexanoic (for 1), octanoic (for 2), decanoic (for 3), lauric (for 4), and p-tert-butylbenzoic (for 9) acid with tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) were used together with tetrabenzo-24-crown-8, a well-known Cs+ cation receptor. By using 5 mM crown ether in the organic phase and 10 mM CsNO3 with 0.1 mM HNO3 in the aqueous phase, tripods 1, 2, and 9 enhance CsNO3 extraction by factors of 2.4, 1.7, and 4.4, respectively (for 50 mM amide concentration), while the corresponding monoamide controls 5-8 derived from n-propylamine (5, 6) or N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (7, 8) and hexanoic (5, 7) or octanoic (6, 8) acid derivatives gave no significant enhancement under the same conditions. This behavior may be ascribed to nitrate complexation by the triamides, which lowers the overall thermodynamic barrier for the salt transfer to the organic phase. The nitrate binding was confirmed by 1H NMR titration of receptor solutions, using tetrabutylammonium nitrate. Association constants for the formation of the anion-nitrate complexes were found to vary between 33 and 52 M-1 for the more soluble triamides. The synergistic effects for CsNO3 extraction are in reasonable agreement with the values predicted theoretically from the measured association constants. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry confirmed the predominant formation of 1:1 tripod-nitrate complexes. Monoamide controls gave no evidence of anion complexation.
Meta-Analysis of Genome-Wide Association Studies in >80 000 Subjects Identifies Multiple Loci for C-Reactive Protein Levels (2020)

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a heritable marker of chronic inflammation that is strongly associated with cardiovascular disease. We aimed to identify genetic variants that are associated with CRP levels.
Tracking Low-earth Orbit and Inclined Orbit Satellites: A Review of Techniques and Recent Developments (1994)

In order to maintain reliable communications with low-earth and inclined orbit geostationary satellites, ground based antenna systems must use tracking systems. Two approaches to tracking, passive and active tracking systems, are described in this paper including a tutorial style introduction to optimal filtering applications. We show that the design of antenna control and tracking systems is a multidiscipline problem that encompasses computer engineering, structural and mechanical engineering and signal processing. Finally we describe a low earth orbit tracking system being built at the University of Melbourne.
Gene Expression in Transformed Lymphocytes Reveals Variation in Endomembrane and HLA Pathways Modifying Cystic Fibrosis Pulmonary Phenotypes (2020)

Variation in cystic fibrosis (CF) phenotypes, including lung disease severity, age of onset of persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) lung infection, and presence of meconium ileus (MI), has been partially explained by genome-wide association studies (GWASs). It is not expected that GWASs alone are sufficiently powered to uncover all heritable traits associated with CF phenotypic diversity. Therefore, we utilized gene expression association from lymphoblastoid cells lines from 754 p.Phe508del CF-affected homozygous individuals to identify genes and pathways. LPAR6, a G protein coupled receptor, associated with lung disease severity (false discovery rate q value = 0.0006). Additional pathway analyses, utilizing a stringent permutation-based approach, identified unique signals for all three phenotypes. Pathways associated with lung disease severity were annotated in three broad categories: (1) endomembrane function, containing p.Phe508del processing genes, providing evidence of the importance of p.Phe508del processing to explain lung phenotype variation; (2) HLA class I genes, extending previous GWAS findings in the HLA region; and (3) endoplasmic reticulum stress response genes. Expression pathways associated with lung disease were concordant for some endosome and HLA pathways, with pathways identified using GWAS associations from 1,978 CF-affected individuals. Pathways associated with age of onset of persistent P. aeruginosa infection were enriched for HLA class II genes, and those associated with MI were related to oxidative phosphorylation. Formal testing demonstrated that genes showing differential expression associated with lung disease severity were enriched for heritable genetic variation and expression quantitative traits. Gene expression provided a powerful tool to identify unrecognized heritable variation, complementing ongoing GWASs in this rare disease.
Glyco-engineered HEK 293-F cell lines for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins with humanN-glycosylation and improved pharmacokinetics (2020)

N-glycosylated proteins produced in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells often carry terminal N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) and only low levels of sialylation. On therapeutic proteins, such N-glycans often trigger rapid clearance from the patient's bloodstream via efficient binding to asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) and mannose receptor (MR). This currently limits the use of HEK 293 cells for therapeutic protein production. To eliminate terminal GalNAc, we knocked-out GalNAc transferases B4GALNT3 and B4GALNT4 by CRISPR/Cas9 in FreeStyle 293-F cells. The resulting cell line produced a coagulation factor VII-albumin fusion protein without GalNAc but with increased sialylation. This glyco-engineered protein bound less efficiently to both the ASGP-R and MR in vitro and it showed improved recovery, terminal half-life and area under the curve in pharmacokinetic rat experiments. By overexpressing sialyltransferases ST6GAL1 and ST3GAL6 in B4GALNT3 and B4GALNT4 knock-out cells, we further increased factor VII-albumin sialylation; for ST6GAL1 even to the level of human plasma-derived factor VII. Simultaneous knock-out of B4GALNT3 and B4GALNT4 and overexpression of ST6GAL1 further lowered factor VII-albumin binding to ASGP-R and MR. This novel glyco-engineered cell line is well-suited for the production of factor VII-albumin and presumably other therapeutic proteins with fully human N-glycosylation and superior pharmacokinetic properties.