gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Characterization of 18F-hGTS13 for Molecular Imaging of xC− Transporter Activity with PET (2019)

The aim of this study was development of an improved PET radiotracer for measuring x<sub>C</sub><sup>-</sup> activity with increased tumor uptake and reduced uptake in inflammatory cells compared with (<i>S</i>)-4-(3-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoropropyl)-l-glutamate (<sup>18</sup>F-FSPG). <b>Methods:</b> A racemic glutamate derivative, <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13, was evaluated in cell culture and animal tumor models. <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13 was separated into C5 epimers, and the corresponding <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13-isomer1 and <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13-isomer2 were evaluated in H460 tumor-bearing rats. Preliminary studies investigated the cellular uptake of <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13-isomer2 in multiple immune cell populations and states. <b>Results:</b><sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13 demonstrated excellent H460 tumor visualization with high tumor-to-background ratios, confirmed by ex vivo biodistribution studies. Tumor-associated radioactivity was significantly higher for <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13 (7.5 ± 0.9 percentage injected dose [%ID]/g, <i>n</i> = 3) than for <sup>18</sup>F-FSPG (4.6 ± 0.7 %ID/g, <i>n</i> = 3, <i>P</i> = 0.01). <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13-isomer2 exhibited excellent H460 tumor visualization (6.3 ± 1.1 %ID/g, <i>n</i> = 3) and significantly reduced uptake in multiple immune cell populations relative to <sup>18</sup>F-FSPG. <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13-isomer2 exhibited increased liver uptake relative to <sup>18</sup>F-FSPG (4.6 ± 0.8 vs. 0.7 ± 0.01 %ID/g), limiting its application in hepatocellular carcinoma. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13-isomer2 is a new PET radiotracer for molecular imaging of x<sub>C</sub><sup>-</sup> activity that may provide information on tumor oxidation states. <sup>18</sup>F-hGTS13-isomer2 has potential for clinical translation for imaging cancers of the thorax because of the low background signal in healthy tissue.
Efficient Rectangular Maximal-Volume Algorithm for Rating Elicitation in\n Collaborative Filtering (2016)

Cold start problem in Collaborative Filtering can be solved by asking new\nusers to rate a small seed set of representative items or by asking\nrepresentative users to rate a new item. The question is how to build a seed\nset that can give enough preference information for making good\nrecommendations. One of the most successful approaches, called Representative\nBased Matrix Factorization, is based on Maxvol algorithm. Unfortunately, this\napproach has one important limitation --- a seed set of a particular size\nrequires a rating matrix factorization of fixed rank that should coincide with\nthat size. This is not necessarily optimal in the general case. In the current\npaper, we introduce a fast algorithm for an analytical generalization of this\napproach that we call Rectangular Maxvol. It allows the rank of factorization\nto be lower than the required size of the seed set. Moreover, the paper\nincludes the theoretical analysis of the method's error, the complexity\nanalysis of the existing methods and the comparison to the state-of-the-art\napproaches.\n
Evaluation of Anastomotic Leak after Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer: Typical Time Point of Occurrence, Mode of Diagnosis, Value of Routine Radiocontrast Agent Studies and Therapeutic Options (2017)

The majority of AL occurred within the first 3 weeks after esophagectomy without a typical time point. In our series, RRCS on the fifth POD had a low sensitivity of 16%. Therefore, standardized RRCS and fasting till the examination cannot be generally recommended. In case of clinical suspicion of AL, computed tomography of the chest and abdomen with oral contrast agent should be performed, followed by endoscopy. Endoscopic stent placement remains the standard therapy of AL in our center. Endoscopic vacuum therapy evolves as it is an interesting alternative therapeutic option and can be combined with stenting in selected cases.
GSK-3β and β-Catenin Signaling Pathway is Involved in Myofibroblast Transition of Ligamentum Flavum in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Patients (2023)

Level 3.
A graph-based aspect interference detection approach for UML-based aspect-oriented models (2009)

Aspect Oriented Modeling (AOM) techniques facilitate separate modeling of concerns and allow for a more flexible composition of these than traditional modeling techniques. While this improves the understandability of each submodel, in order to reason about the behavior of the composed system and to detect conflicts among submodels, automated tool support is required. Current techniques for con°ict detection among aspects generally have at least one of the following weaknesses. They require to manually model the abstract semantics for each system; or they derive the system semantics from code assuming one specific aspect-oriented language. Defining an extra semantics model for verification bears the risk of inconsistencies between the actual and the verified design; verifying only at implementation level hinders fixing errors in earlier phases. We propose a technique for fully automatic detection of conflicts between aspects at the model level; more specifically, our approach works on UML models with an extension for modeling pointcuts and advice. As back-end we use a graph-based model checker, for which we have defined an operational semantics of UML diagrams, pointcuts and advice. In order to simulate the system, we automatically derive a graph model from the diagrams. The result is another graph, which represents all possible program executions, and which can be verified against a declarative specification of invariants. To demonstrate our approach, we discuss a UML-based AOM model of the "Crisis Management System" and a possible design and evolution scenario. The complexity of the system makes conflicts among composed aspects hard to detect: already in the case of two simulated aspects, the state space contains 623 different states and 9 different execution paths. Nevertheless, in case the right pruning methods are used, the state-space only grows linearly with the number of aspects; therefore, the automatic analysis scales.
Corrigendum to: The effect of alginates on deoxycholic-acid-induced changes in oesophageal mucosal biology at pH 4 (2007)

Long-standing gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) can give rise to Barrett's oesophagus (BM), a metaplastic condition and precursor to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (AC). Oesophageal cancer was once rare but is now the 5th biggest cancer killer in the UK. Reflux of bile acids into the oesophagus is implicated in the progression to BM as bile acids at pH 4 have been shown to induce c-myc expression, an oncogene upregulated in BM and AC. In the present study we investigated the role of the biopolymer alginate on bile acid induced molecular changes in oesophageal cell lines. OE21, OE33 and TE-7 oesophageal cell lines were exposed to 100 mu M deoxycholic acid at pH 4 in the presence or absence of alginates. Levels of c-myc, E-cadherin, beta-catenin and Tcf signalling were determined by Real-Time PCR, Western blotting, immunofluoresence and reporter assays. All alginates tested were able to prevent the induction of c-myc by acidified deoxycholic acid in vitro. The upstream effects of acidified deoxycholic acid on E-cadherin, beta-catenin and Tcf signalling were also suppressed by alginate. Therefore, we have demonstrated that reflux of bile acids into the oesophagus initiates a potentially damaging molecular cascade of events using an in vitro model and that a biopolymer, alginate, can protect against these effects.
Injectable and topical local anesthetics for acute dental pain (2023)

Bupivacaine may be superior to lidocaine with epinephrine and mepivacaine with regard to time to and amount of analgesic consumption. Benzocaine may be superior to placebo in reducing pain for 20 through 30 minutes after application.
Poly(methacrylate) Precursors to Forsterite (1992)

A novel polymer precursor method for the preparation of silicates including enstatite‐free forsterite is being investigated. Precursors to crystalline materials were prepared via the copolymerization of the K and/or Mg salts of methacrylic acid with various combinations of a siloxane‐methacrylate and a methoxysilyl‐methacrylate Thermogravimetric/differential thermal, pyrolysis mass spectrometry, and high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction analyses were used to monitor the conversion of the precursors to inorganic oxide during air pyrolysis. Some precursors to crystalline oxides showed yields as high as 77% of theoretical.
Combined stereotactic biopsy and stepping-source interstitial irradiation of glioblastoma multiforme (2018)

Patients diagnosed with glioblastoma multiforme receiving stereotactic biopsy only either due to tumor localization or impaired clinical status face a devastating prognosis with very short survival times. One strategy to provide an initial cytoreductive and palliative therapy at the time of the stereotactic biopsy is interstitial irradiation through the pre-defined trajectory of the biopsy channel. We designed a novel treatment planning system and evaluated the treatment potential of a fixed-source and a stepping-source algorithm for interstitial radiosurgery on non-spherical glioblastoma in direct adjacency to risk structures. Using both setups, we show that radiation doses delivered to 100% of the gross tumor volume shifts from sub-therapeutic (10-12 Gy) to sterilizing single doses (25-30 Gy) when using the stepping source algorithm due to improved sparing of organs-at-risk. Specifically, the maximum doses at the brain stem were 100% of the PTV dose when a fixed central source and 38% when a stepping-source algorithm was used. We also demonstrated precision of intracranial target points and stability of superficial and deep trajectories using both a phantom and a body donor study. Our setup now for the first time provides a basis for a clinical proof-of-concept trial and may widen palliation options for patients with limited life expectancy that should not undergo time-consuming therapies.
Investigation of Sand Particle Deposition and Erosion Within a Short Pin Fin Array (2010)

This paper investigates the erosion and deposition characteristics of sand particles in a short pin fin array. The simulation is carried out using a LES solver for the fluid (carrier) phase and a Langragian approach for the particle (dispersed) phase. Three particles Stokes numbers (0.78, 3.1 and 19.5) are explored as well as three non-dimensional particle softening temperatures (θST = 0, 0.37 and 0.67). The deposition is shown to increase with decreasing particle Stokes number from 0.005% for Stp = 19.5 to 13.4% for Stp = 0.78 and is almost completely concentrated on the channel walls (99.6%–100%). The erosion potential is shown to increase with Stokes number and is highest on the pin faces. The deposition increases with decreasing softening temperature from 13.4% at θST = 0.67 to 79% for θST = 0. Overall, the channel walls of the array show the greatest potential for deposition. On the other hand, the pin faces show the greatest potential for erosion.
Motionless Movies of Myocardial Strain‐Rates using Stimulated Echoes (1995)

We present methods to acquire and analyze NMR movies of myocardial strain rates in which cardiac motion is suppressed and the histories of strain rates are accurately defined for each voxel of myocardial tissue. By means of stimulated echoes, the myocardial strain-rate tensor is phase-encoded at progressive delays in the cardiac cycle while the slice-select and spatial encoding of the image acquisition are performed at a constant cardiac delay. In these data, every image shows the identical myocardial tissue, and the anatomic configuration of the heart appears motionless. The myocardial strain-rate data, however, indicate the state of motion which existed in this slice at the time of the velocity phase-encoding, and these data evolve with the progressive delay as a movie. Using echo-planar MRI, motionless movies of myocardial strain rate of four to eight cardiac delays are obtained in a breath-hold. As an application, a quantitative characterization of cardiac mechanical synchrony is accomplished by principal component analysis (PCA) of the time series of strain rates.
Cell Surface Antigens on Normal and Neoplastic Human Lymphoid Cells (1982)

In the last 20 years, we have learned a great deal about the structure and function of the normal lymphoid system. In parallel, we have also learned much more about tumors of the lymphoid system. Frequently, information developed through experiments on lymphomas has been helpful to our understanding of normal lymphoid cells and vice versa. The irresistible tendency to draw parallels between the normal and malignant lymphoid system is illustrated by the current ways of classifying lymphomas. It is postulated that different types of malignant lymphoid cells reflect a particular stage of development of a normal lymphoid cell. For example, not only do we now classify some lymphomas as B cell-derived, but also attempt an even further refinement and describe the surface markers of the malignant cells as characteristic of pre B cells, mature B cells, or plasma cells (Greaves and Janossy, 1978; Greaves et al., 1980.)
Living laboratories (2000)

The Future Computing Environments (FCE) Group at Georgia Tech is a collection of faculty and students that share a desire to understand the partnership between humans and technology that arises as computation and sensing become ubiquitous. With expertise covering the breadth of Computer Science, but focusing on HCI, Computational Perception, and Machine Learning, the individual research agendas of the FCE faculty are grounded in a number of shared living laboratories where their research is applied to everyday life in the classroom (Classroom 2000), the home (Aware Home), the office (Augmented Offices), and on one's person (Wearable Computing).
Crystal structure of dimeric N-lithiohexamethyldisilazane etherate, [(Et2O)Li{η-N(SiMe3)2}2Li(OEt2)] (1983)

The crystal structure of a 1 : 1 adduct, Li[N(SiMe3)2]·OEt2, has been determined by X-ray diffraction. Crystals are tetragonal, space group Pn2, with a= 9.762(6), c= 17.280(9)Å, and Z= 4. The lattice contains dimeric molecules of symmetry 222 with the silazane groups functioning as the bridging ligands [Li–N 2.055(5)Å, Li–N–Li 75.1(2)°, N–Li–N 104.9(3)°]; the lithium atoms are three-co-ordinate [Li–O 1.943(6)Å, O–Li–N 127.5(1)°].
Ultrasound backscatter tensor imaging (BTI): analysis of the spatial coherence of ultrasonic speckle in anisotropic soft tissues (2014)

The assessment of fiber architecture is of major interest in the progression of myocardial disease. Recent techniques such as magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (MR-DTI) or ultrasound elastic tensor imaging (ETI) can derive the fiber directions by measuring the anisotropy of water diffusion or tissue elasticity, but these techniques present severe limitations in a clinical setting. In this study, we propose a new technique, backscatter tensor imaging (BTI), which enables determination of the fiber directions in skeletal muscles and myocardial tissues, by measuring the spatial coherence of ultrasonic speckle. We compare the results to ultrasound ETI. Acquisitions were performed using a linear transducer array connected to an ultrasonic scanner mounted on a motorized rotation device with angles from 0° to 355° by 5° increments to image ex vivo bovine skeletal muscle and porcine left ventricular myocardial samples. At each angle, multiple plane waves were transmitted and the backscattered echoes recorded. The coherence factor was measured as the ratio of coherent intensity over incoherent intensity of backscattered echoes. In skeletal muscle, maximal/minimal coherence factor was found for the probe parallel/perpendicular to the fibers. In myocardium, the coherence was assessed across the entire myocardial thickness, and the position of maxima and minima varied transmurally because of the complex fibers distribution. In ETI, the shear wave speed variation with the probe angle was found to follow the coherence variation. Spatial coherence can thus reveal the anisotropy of the ultrasonic speckle in skeletal muscle and myocardium. BTI could be used on any type of ultrasonic scanner with rotating phased-array probes or 2-D matrix probes for noninvasive evaluation of myocardial fibers.
Enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and its electric field-induced change through interface engineering in Cr/Fe/MgO (2017)

Recently, perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) and its voltage control (VC) was demonstrated for Cr/Fe/MgO. In this study, we shed light on the origin of large voltage-induced anisotropy change in Cr/Fe/MgO. Analysis of the chemical structure of Cr/Fe/MgO revealed the existence of Cr atoms in the proximity of the Fe/MgO interface, which can affect both magnetic anisotropy (MA) and its VC. We showed that PMA and its VC can be enhanced by controlled Cr doping at the Fe/MgO interface. For Cr/Fe (5.9 Å)/Cr (0.7 Å)/MgO with an effective PMA of 0.8 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>, a maximum value of the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect of 370 fJ/Vm was demonstrated due to Cr insertion.
2‐Triaxanemethyl Cation and 2,10‐para‐[32.56]Octahedranedimethyl Dication (1996)

A description as sets of nonclassical, unsymmetric, bridged bicyclobutonium ions fits the title ions 1 and 2. These are accessible by ionization of the corresponding methanol derivatives in superacidic media; the assignment of structure rests on ab initio calculations and on comparisons of experimental and calculated 13C NMR chemical shifts.
Thermotropic Mesophase (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
IBRUTINIB FOR THE TREATMENT OF BING‐NEEL SYNDROME: A RETROSPECTIVE, MULTICENTER STUDY (2019)

Background: The oral BTK inhibitor ibrutinib is the only approved therapy for patients with symptomatic Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM). Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS) is a rare complication of WM that results from infiltration of malignant lymphoplasmacytic cells into the central nervous system (CNS) causing neurological deficits. Treatment options in patients with BNS are limited to agents with CNS penetration. Furthermore, patients with BNS are excluded from WM clinical trials. Methods: We performed a multicenter retrospective study evaluating the efficacy of ibrutinib in patients with BNS. The diagnosis of BNS was established in patients with a clinicopathological diagnosis of WM by radiological and/or cytological evidence of CNS involvement by WM. Ibrutinib was given orally at doses of 420-560 mg PO once daily until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. Response was assessed using criteria from the 8th International Workshop for WM. Events were defined as disease progression, death from disease progression and stopping ibrutinib due to ibrutinib-related toxicity. The time to event was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Adverse events were assessed according to the Common Toxicity Criteria version 4.03. Conclusion: Ibrutinib monotherapy can induce durable responses with acceptable toxicity in patients with BNS. Despite symptomatic and radiological improvements in the majority of patients, half of the patients can have persistence of disease in the CSF, and this should not represent treatment failure. Keywords: BTK inhibitors; ibrutinib; Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM). Disclosures: Castillo, J: Consultant Advisory Role: Beigene, Janssen, Roche; Research Funding: Abbvie, Beigene, Janssen, Pharmacyclics, TG Therapeutics.
A Commercial Extract of Cyanotis arachnoidea Roots as a Source of Unusual Ecdysteroid Derivatives with Insect Hormone Receptor Binding Activity (2021)

Ecdysteroids act as molting hormones in insects and as nonhormonal anabolic agents and adaptogens in mammals. A wide range of ecdysteroid-containing herbal extracts are available worldwide as food supplements. The aim of this work was to study such an extract as a possible industrial source of new bioactive ecdysteroids. A large-scale chromatographic isolation was performed from an extract of <i>Cyanotis arachnoidea</i> roots. Ten ecdysteroids (<b>1</b>-<b>10</b>) including eight new compounds were isolated and characterized by extensive nuclear magnetic resonance studies. Highly unusual structures were identified, including a H-14β (<b>1</b>, <b>2</b>, <b>4</b>, and <b>10</b>) moiety, among which a 14β(H)17β(H) phytosteroid (<b>1</b>) is reported for the first time. Compounds with an intact side chain (<b>4</b>-<b>10</b>) and 11 other natural or semisynthetic ecdysteroids (<b>11</b>-<b>21</b>) were tested for insect ecdysteroid receptor (EcR) binding activity. Two new compounds, i.e., 14-deoxydacryhainansterone (<b>5</b>) and 22-oxodacryhainansterone (<b>6</b>), showed strong EcR binding activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 41.7 and 380 nM, respectively). Six compounds were identified as EcR agonists and another two as antagonists using a transgenic ecdysteroid reporter gene assay. The present results demonstrate that commercial <i>C. arachnoidea</i> extracts are rich in new, unusual bioactive ecdysteroids. Because of the lack of an authentic plant material, the truly biosynthetic or artifactual nature of these compounds cannot be confirmed.
Prediction of Shrinkage and Warpage of Fiber Reinforced Thermoset Composite Parts (1994)

One of the most challenging tasks in designing plastic parts, especially those that are fiber reinforced, is to predict shrinkage and warpage of the molded parts. Shrinkage and warpage result from material inhomogeneities caused by flow induced fiber orientation, curing, poor thermal mold lay-out, and processing conditions. Shrinkage and warpage are directly related to residual stresses which result from locally varying strain fields that occur during the curing or solidification stage of a manufacturing process. This paper presents research conducted in modeling, analysis and process simulation of the thermomechanical behavior of compression molded fiber reinforced composite parts. The theory behind shrinkage and warpage of fiber reinforced composite parts is described first, followed by a description of finite element/finite difference simulation of the thermo mechanical behavior of fiber reinforced composites during a part's manufacturing process. A coupled temperature and stress simulation program with a three-noded shell element formulation was developed to calculate the residual stress build-up during curing and solidification stages of a compression molding process. The effects of fiber content, part thickness, unsymmetric curing and flow-induced fiber orientation on the shrinkage and warpage of the molded parts are also investigated.
Transient power in CMOS gates driving LC transmission lines (2002)

The dynamic and short-circuit power consumption of a CMOS gate driving an LC transmission line as a limiting case of an RLC transmission line is investigated in this paper. Closed form solutions for the output voltage and short-circuit power of a CMOS gate driving an LC transmission line are presented. These solutions agree with circuit simulations within 11% error for a wide range of transistor widths and line impedances for a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. The ratio of the short-circuit to dynamic power is shown to be less than 7% for CMOS gates driving LC transmission lines where the line is matched or underdriven. The total power consumption is expected to decrease as inductance effects becomes more significant as compared to an RC dominated interconnect line.