gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RECFEC: A Reconfigurable FEC Processor for Viterbi, Turbo, Reed-Solomon and LDPC Coding (2008)

RECFEC is a REConfigurable processor optimized for soft implementation of Forward Error Correction (FEC) algorithms. Viterbi, Turbo, Reed-Solomon and LDPC coding algorithms are widely used in wired and wireless standards. The implantation of these algorithms on RECFEC for a multi-mode wireless system is explored and performance metrics are demonstrated. RECFEC is comprised of a pool of processing elements, a processing element controller and memory. Each processing element encapsulates multiple functional units which are optimized for FEC algorithms. Memory includes the configuration and the data buffers. A high bandwidth interconnect network facilitates data movements. Unlike traditional approach to programmable FEC architectures, RECFEC supports multiple algorithms and is instruction-level programmable which results the ultimate flexibility and programmability.
Spatiotemporal Multicolor Labeling of Individual Cells Using Peptide-Functionalized Quantum Dots and Mixed Delivery Techniques (2011)

Multicolor fluorescent labeling of both intra- and extracellular structures is a powerful technique for simultaneous monitoring of multiple complex biochemical processes. This approach remains extremely challenging, however, as it often necessitates the combinatorial use of numerous targeting probes (e.g., antibodies), multistep bioconjugation chemistries, different delivery strategies (e.g., electroporation or transfection reagents), cellular fixation coupled with membrane permeabilization, and complex spectral deconvolution. Here, we present a nanoparticle-based fluorescence labeling strategy for the multicolor labeling of distinct subcellular compartments within live cells without the need for antibody conjugation or cellular fixation/permeabilization. This multipronged approach incorporates an array of delivery strategies, which localize semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) to various subcellular structures. QD uptake is implemented in a spaciotemporal manner by staggering the delivery of QD-peptide composites and exploiting various innate (peptide-mediated endocytosis, peptide-membrane interaction, polymer-based transfection) along with physical (microinjection) cellular delivery modalities to live cells growing in culture over a 4 day period. Imaging of the different intracellular labels is simplified by the unique photophysical characteristics of the QDs in combination with Förster resonance energy transfer sensitization, which allow for multiple spectral windows to be accessed with one excitation wavelength. Using this overall approach, QDs were targeted to both early and late endosomes, the cellular cytosol, and the plasma membrane in live cells, ultimately allowing for simultaneous five-color fluorescent imaging.
Geschäfte mit nahestehenden Personen aus empirischer Sicht: Zur Umsetzung von Art. 9c der reformierten Aktionärsrechterichtlinie (2019)

Mit den Regeln zu „Geschaften mit nahestehenden Unternehmen oder Personen“ fuhrt die Aktionarsrechterichtlinie einen europaisch harmonisierten Schutz fur Aktionarsminderheiten ein. Trotz der Bedeutung solcher Geschafte und der erheblichen Umsetzungsspielraume der Mitgliedstaaten fehlt bislang eine Datengrundlage. Der Beitrag will diese empirischen Angaben zu deutschen borsennotierten Gesellschaften gleichsam nachreichen und leitet daraus einige Folgerungen fur die Umsetzung der Richtlinienvorgaben in das deutsche Recht ab.
Review and comparison of shearography and pulsed thermography for adhesive bond evaluation (2007)

To reduce costs and facilitate automation in the automotive industry, adhesive bonding has gained popularity as a replacement for conventional mechanical fasteners such as bolts, screws, rivets, and welding. Adhesive bonding is particularly useful for bonding parts made of plastics and polymer composites, which are playing an increasing role in reducing vehicle weight. However, the adhesive bonding process is more susceptible to quality variations during manufacturing than traditional joining and fastening methods. Shearography and pulsed thermography are full-field, noncontact, nondestructive testing methods that are widely used in the aerospace industry, offering significant potential as practical tools for in-process inspection of adhesive bond quality. The two techniques are often used to address a common set of aerospace applications, e.g., delaminations or skin-to-core disbonds in composite structures. However, they are fundamentally different, based on different flaw detection mechanisms: Shearography measures the sample's mechanical response to mechanical stresses, while pulsed thermography measures the sample's thermal response to an instantaneous thermal excitation. For the convenience of potential users and readers, the authors review shearography and pulsed thermography. The potential of these techniques for inspecting adhesive bonding is demonstrated and compared.
Wavelength-tunable add-drop multiplexers using fiber Fabry-Pe´rot tunable filters for bidirectional wavelength-division multiplexing networks (2004)

A novel wavelength-tunable add-drop multiplexer (ADM) using fiber Fabry-Pérot tunable filters (FFP-TFs) for the bidirectional wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network is proposed and demonstrated. The wide tuning range, low loss, and low polarization dependence properties of the FFP-TFs are used for the ADM operation. The experimental results show that the wavelength tuning range of this wavelength-tunable ADM can be up to 40 nm. The bit-error-rate performance of the dropped and pass-through channels for a 2.5 Gbit/s system shows the feasibility of ADM.
Improved endothelialization of small-diameter ePTFE grafts through growth factor therapy. (2018)

Background: Prosthetic vascular grafts in humans characteristically lack confluent endothelialization regardless the duration of implantation. Use of high-porosity grafts has been proposed as a way to induce endothelialization through transgraft capillarization, although early experiments failed to show increased healing in man. Objectives: We hypothesized that transduction of tissues around the prosthetic conduit with vectors encoding VEGF Receptor-2 (VEGFR2) ligands would augment transinterstitial capillarization and induce luminal endothelialization of high-porosity PTFE grafts. Methods: Fifty-two NZW rabbits received 87 ePTFE uni- or bilateral end-to-end interposition grafts in carotid arteries. Rabbits were randomized to local therapy with adenoviruses encoding AdVEGF-A165, AdVEGF-A109 or control AdLacZ and analyzed at 6 and 28d after surgery by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and histology. Results: AdVEGF-A165 and AdVEGF-A109 dramatically increased perfusion in perigraft tissues at 6d (14.2±3.6 or 16.7±2.6- fold increases, P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.01). At 28d the effect was no longer significantly higher than baseline. At 6d no luminal endothelialization was observed in any of the groups. At 28d, AdVEGF-A109 and AdVEGF-A165 treated animals showed enhanced ingrowth of transinterstitial capillaries (66.0±13.7% and 77.4±15.7% of graft thickness vs. 44.7±24.4% in controls, P&lt;0.05) and improved luminal endothelialization (11.2±26.3% and 11.4±22.2%, AdVEGF-A109 and AdVEGF-A165 vs. 0% in controls, P&lt;0.05). No increased stenosis was observed in the treatment groups as compared to LacZ controls. Conclusions: This study suggests that transient local overexpression of VEGFR2 ligands in the peri-implant tissues at time of graft implantation is a novel strategy to increase endothelialization of high-porosity ePTFE vascular grafts and improve the patency of small-diameter vascular prostheses.
Rescue of CFTR function impaired by mutations in EXON 15 in children with cyctic fibrosis (2018)

Introduction: Over 2000 different mutations have been reported in patients with CF and found to occur in all CFTR exons and introns. Of these, 168 are nonsense mutations, 295 are frameshift mutations that are not amenable to current therapies, and therefore new drugs must be developed. Antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) are synthetic RNA analogues that can be designed to anneal to selected splice motifs within pre-mRNAs. AO binding alters the recognition of the splice site by the spliceosome and therefore modulates exon selection. Exon 15 has been selected as an initial target since it has been reported to harbour ~40 mutations and exclusion of this exon will not disrupt the mRNA reading frame. We hypothesize that by skipping exon 15 in patients with amenable mutations such as p.Phe861Leufsx3, studied here, the disease-causing mutation can be bypassed and the induced isoform may retain some residual function, therefore altering the course of disease. &#13;\n&#13;\nMethods: AO sequences were initially optimised using 2’-O-methyl modified bases on a phosphorothioate backbone (2OMe) and transfected into monolayer primary non-CF (2.6 years M) and p.Phe861Leufsx3/p. Phe508del CF airway epithelial cells (4.1 years M). The ratio of the AO induced, CFTR RT-PCR transcript product missing the target exon, relative to the full length product provides an estimate of AO exon skipping efficiency. The most effective 2OMe AO sequence was identified and re-synthesised as the clinically validated phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMO) chemistry. Monolayer transfections were repeated. AO mediated modification of protein was shown by Western blot analysis and comparison to size standards. CFTR function before and after PMO application was measured using Ussing chamber studies. &#13;\n&#13;\nResults: 2OMe AOs were designed, evaluated and further optimised by micro-walking around sequences shown to be capable of modifying splicing. The 2OMe sequence that was most efficient induced an estimated 50% skipping in p.Phe861Leufsx3/p.Phe508del CF airway epithelial cells The PMO induced efficient skipping of exon 15 from non-CF (49%) and p.Phe861Leufsx3/p.Phe508del CF (88%) cells after 7 days in culture. Western blot was used to determine the effect on the induced CFTR protein. Airway epithelial cells from children with CF were also grown at air-liquid interface 28 days to become mucocillary differentiated then assessed for CFTR function using an Ussing chamber. &#13;\n&#13;\nConclusion: Exon 15 can be efficiently skipped from the CFTR transcript in both non-CF and CF-derived airway epithelial cells. We propose that exon skipping to remove disease-causing mutations in selected in-frame exons can improve function in amenable CF patients, either alone or in combination with current therapeutics. &#13;\n&#13;\nAcknowledgments: Supported by USCF; NHMRC; CFWA.
Interconnect Challenges for 3D Multi-cores: From 3D Network-on-Chip to Cache Interconnects (2015)

With the era of massive multi-core architecture targeting cloud computing for high end performances or advanced consumer electronics with tighter power consumption constraints, 3D integration technology will allow to design large scale multi-core. Thanks to advanced available 3D technology, it will be possible to maintain overall power consumption budget, increase chip to chip bandwidth, and preserve overall system cost by smart system partitioning. One of the main challenge of such multi-cores is clearly the interconnect infrastructure. For designing such 3D multi-cores, it is required to address two primary concerns: the 3D physical link by itself, and advanced interconnects scaled to 3D. The paper present an overview of 3Dinterconnects with 3D asynchronous Network-on-Chip architectures, with focus on 3D asynchronous links, and advanced interconnect structures for memory caches in 3D.
Corrosion of High Thermal Conductive AlN Ceramics in Aqueous Solutions (2003)

Although there is a strong need to understand the chemical corrosion resistance of aluminum nitride (AlN) ceramics for their applications as structural parts in semiconductor processes, there is insufficient information on chemical corrosion. We examined two kinds of commercial AlN ceramics with high thermal conductivity (170 and 200Wm-1K-1) in both acid and basic aqueous solutions, such as KOH, NaOH, HNO3 and H2SO4, using different concentrations. Weight changes, phases present, and microstructures on the surfaces before and after testing were evaluated. Basic aqueous solutions corroded AlN ceramics in exactly the same way as acid aqueous solutions. Although secondary phases, such as yttrium aluminate, were mainly dissolved in acid aqueous solutions, AlN itself was corroded in basic aqueous solutions. Furthermore, we observed that the weight loss of AlN ceramics with higher thermal conductivity exceeded that of lower thermal conductivity. It seems that oxygen dissolved in AlN grain influences on corrosion of AlN ceramics.
Structural Basis for Induction of Peripheral Neuropathy by Microtubule-Targeting Cancer Drugs (2016)

Peripheral neuropathy is a serious, dose-limiting side effect of cancer treatment with microtubule-targeting drugs. Symptoms present in a "stocking-glove" distribution, with longest nerves affected most acutely, suggesting a length-dependent component to the toxicity. Axonal transport of ATP-producing mitochondria along neuronal microtubules from cell body to synapse is crucial to neuronal function. We compared the effects of the drugs paclitaxel and ixabepilone that bind along the lengths of microtubules and the drugs eribulin and vincristine that bind at microtubule ends, on mitochondrial trafficking in cultured human neuronal SK-N-SH cells and on axonal transport in mouse sciatic nerves. Antiproliferative concentrations of paclitaxel and ixabepilone significantly inhibited the anterograde transport velocity of mitochondria in neuronal cells, whereas eribulin and vincristine inhibited transport only at significantly higher concentrations. Confirming these observations, anterogradely transported amyloid precursor protein accumulated in ligated sciatic nerves of control and eribulin-treated mice, but not in paclitaxel-treated mice, indicating that paclitaxel inhibited anterograde axonal transport, whereas eribulin did not. Electron microscopy of sciatic nerves of paclitaxel-treated mice showed reduced organelle accumulation proximal to the ligation consistent with inhibition of anterograde (kinesin based) transport by paclitaxel. In contrast, none of the drugs significantly affected retrograde (dynein based) transport in neuronal cells or mouse nerves. Collectively, these results suggest that paclitaxel and ixabepilone, which bind along the lengths and stabilize microtubules, inhibit kinesin-based axonal transport, but not dynein-based transport, whereas the microtubule-destabilizing drugs, eribulin and vincristine, which bind preferentially to microtubule ends, have significantly less effect on all microtubule-based axonal transport. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5115-23. ©2016 AACR.
Evaluating Piezoelectric Materials for Power Conversion (2020)

Piezoelectric energy storage has several potential advantages for use in power conversion; it offers very high power density and efficiency capabilities, especially compared to magnetics at small scales. Converter architectures have been developed for efficient utilization of piezoelectrics, but without fundamental criteria for selecting the piezoelectric devices themselves. In this paper, we derive figures of merit for piezoelectric materials in power electronics based on achievable efficiency and power density, assuming realistic converter operation. We then apply these metrics to evaluate 51 commercially-available PZT piezoelectric materials and identify promising candidates. These figures of merit and their associated geometry conditions serve as guidelines for high-efficiency, high-power density piezoelectric resonator design, which we demonstrate and validate in LTSpice. With both mechanical efficiency and physical limits constrained, it is shown that piezoelectrics demonstrate favorable scaling properties for miniaturized power conversion.
Measurement of the $ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross section in the dilepton channel in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV (2012)

A bstract The $ \mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}} $ production cross section $ \left( {{\sigma_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}}}}} \right) $ is measured in proton-proton collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV in data collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb −1 . The measurement is performed in events with two leptons (electrons or muons) in the final state, at least two jets identified as jets originating from b quarks, and the presence of an imbalance in transverse momentum. The measured value of $ {\sigma_{{\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}}}} $ for a top-quark mass of 172.5 GeV is $ 161.9\pm 2.5\left( {\mathrm{stat}.} \right)_{-5.0}^{+5.1}\left( {\mathrm{syst}.} \right)\pm 3.6\,\left( {\mathrm{lumi}.} \right)\,\mathrm{pb} $ , consistent with the prediction of the standard model.
All electro-optic polymer waveguides towards vertical integration of modulators and switches (2013)

All-polymer electro-optic (EO) waveguides were fabricated by using cross-linkable EO polymers for both core and clad layers. Such formation has advantages in making multilayered integration of EO devices for the multicore fiber communication system.
The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Imatinib Augments Extracellular Fluid Exchange and Reduces Average Collagen Fibril Diameter in Experimental Carcinoma (2016)

A typical obstacle to cancer therapy is the limited distribution of low molecular weight anticancer drugs within the carcinoma tissue. In experimental carcinoma, imatinib (STI571) increases efficacy of synchronized chemotherapy, reduces tumor interstitial fluid pressure, and increases interstitial fluid volume. STI571 also increases the water-perfusable fraction in metastases from human colorectal adenocarcinomas. Because the mechanism(s) behind these effects have not been fully elucidated, we investigated the hypothesis that STI571 alters specific properties of the stromal extracellular matrix. We analyzed STI571-treated human colorectal KAT-4/HT-29 experimental carcinomas, known to have a well-developed stromal compartment, for solute exchange and glycosaminoglycan content, as well as collagen content, structure, and synthesis. MRI of STI571-treated KAT-4/HT-29 experimental carcinomas showed a significantly increased efficacy in dynamic exchanges of solutes between tumor interstitium and blood. This effect was paralleled by a distinct change of the stromal collagen network architecture, manifested by a decreased average collagen fibril diameter, and increased collagen turnover. The glycosaminoglycan content was unchanged. Furthermore, the apparent effects on the stromal cellular composition were limited to a reduction in an NG2-positive stromal cell population. The current data support the hypothesis that the collagen network architecture influences the dynamic exchanges of solutes between blood and carcinoma tissue. It is conceivable that STI571 reprograms distinct nonvascular stromal cells to produce a looser extracellular matrix, ultimately improving transport characteristics for traditional chemotherapeutic agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(10); 2455-64. ©2016 AACR.
Copper-Catalyzed Rearrangement of Vinyl Oxiranes (2006)

A novel copper-catalyzed vinyl oxirane ring expansion protocol has been developed. A wide range of vinyl oxiranes can be rearranged to 2,5-dihydrofurans in excellent yields in the presence of electrophilic copper(II) acetylacetonate catalysts. Regioisomeric vinyl oxiranes can be converted to a single dihydrofuran product using these conditions. This method uses low catalyst loadings (0.5-5 mol %), has good tolerance of substitution patterns, and can be done in the absence of solvent.
Low-energy run of Fermilab Electron Cooler's beam generation system (2010)

As a part of a feasibility study of using the Fermilab Electron Cooler for a low-energy Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) run at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), the cooler operation at 1.6 MeV electron beam energy was tested in a short beam line configuration. The main result of the study is that the cooler beam generation system is suitable for BNL needs. In a striking difference with running 4.3 MeV beam, no unprovoked beam recirculation interruptions were observed.
Pulse propagation through a dispersive intracavity medium (2010)

In this paper, we study theoretically the behavior of a pulse as it propagates through an intracavity fast-light medium. The method of using a transfer function to determine a pulse after it passes through a cavity is well known. However, this approach cannot be used to determine the behavior of the pulse inside the cavity. To circumvent this constraint, we use an approach that starts by finding a self-consistent solution for a monochromatic field of infinite spatial and temporal extents, and determine its amplitudes before, inside, and after the cavity. We then construct a Gaussian input pulse by adding a set of these waves, properly phased and weighted, to represent a moving pulse before the cavity. Adding these waves at various time intervals then yields the complete spatial profile everywhere, including before, inside and after the cavity. We first confirm the prediction of this model by analyzing the behavior of a pulse passing through an empty cavity, and comparing the prediction of the output with the one produced by the transfer function method. We then apply the technique to a cavity containing a fast-light medium. The resulting model allows us to visualize the behavior of the pulse as it propagates superluminally inside the cavity, and interferes with itself through multiple bounces. For a vanishing group index, an interference pattern is formed immediately after the pulse enters the cavity, with an output pulse emerging with no time delay or distortion. The results obtained here illustrates the physical mechanism behind pulse propagation through a white light cavity, a process we have proposed earlier for realizing a high bandwidth, long delay data buffering system
Radiation properties of parabolic torus reflector (1989)

General radiation-pattern formulas for a torus reflector antenna have been developed using physical optics. These expressions are valid at arbitrary feed locations not only within the primary focal arc but also for beam scanning with squinted feed horn illuminations. Numerical results were obtained at 22 GHz for an experimental 1.25 m*2.5 m torus reflector in both elevational beam scanning and extended azimuthal scanning outside the primary +or-15 degrees field of view. An elevation scanning range of 7 degrees showed only a 1 dB gain reduction. The 20 degrees azimuth beam (i.e. 5 degrees extended azimuth scanning) showed a 1.4 dB gain reduction. Comparison between calculated and measured patterns showed agreement in beamwidth and most pattern features. The discrepancy between calculated and measured sidelobe levels in the azimuthal plane is attributed to imperfection enhancement by the horizontal oversize of the reflector.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Manufacturable extremal low-dielectric, high-stiffness porous materials (2005)

The drive toward increased semiconductor device densities and improved performance has set in motion the search for low-dielectric-constant materials. While introducing porosity in silica holds promise for reducing the dielectric constant, it remains elusive how to accomplish this without seriously degrading the thermomechanical performance. This article demonstrates a contemporary protocol for materials by design. Applying rigorous cross-property relations, we identify the extremal porous material structure that possesses the desired reduction in the dielectric constant while providing the highest possible stiffness for any given level of porosity. This structural design is crucial to the integration of porous low-dielectric materials into microelectronics and should serve as a guide to future synthetic efforts. Using recently developed self-assembly techniques, we also demonstrate that structures approaching the optimal one can be fabricated. Importantly, our procedure can be applied to general material design problems.