gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopamine D1 Receptor Regulation of Phospholipase C (1995)

Dopamine is an endogenous catecholamine which exerts its actions by occupancy of specific receptors. Dopamine receptors are classified into two main groups: the two cloned D1-like receptors (D1A and D1B in rats; D1B is also known as D5 in humans) are linked to stimulation of adenylyl cyclase, while the three cloned D2-like receptors (D2 or D2A, D3 or D2B, D4 or D2C) are linked to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. All these dopamine receptors originally cloned from the brain are expressed in tissues outside the central nervous system including the kidney. Dopamine regulates many cellular activities, including transmembrane ion transport. Activation of D1-like receptor decreases sodium transport by cAMP dependent and cAMP independent mechanisms. Dopamine, via D1-like receptors, may inhibit Na+/H+ exchange activity in renal brush border membranes by a cAMP independent/Gs alpha-linked mechanism. Another cAMP independent pathway of sodium transport inhibition is mediated by phospholipase C, which has several isoforms (PLC beta, PLC gamma, and PLC delta with several members in each). Catecholamines stimulate expression and activity of phospholipase C isoforms in a concentration, time, and receptor-dependent as well as regional and subcellular compartmental-specific manner. In renal cortical membranes, intrarenal administration of norepinephrine for 3-4 h increases PLC beta expression and activity but has no effect on PLC gamma activity. In contrast, intrarenal administration of a D1 agonist for 3-4 h increases PLC beta 1 but decreases PLC gamma expression and activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
IntellidriveSM Road Weather Research & Development - The Vehicle Data Translator (2011)

One of the goals of the Research and Innovative Technology Administration’s IntelliDriveSM initiative is for the public and private organizations that collect, process, and generate weather products to utilize vehicle sensor data to improve weather and road condition products. It is likely that some users will not be able to contend with the complexities associated with vehicle data, such as data quality, representativeness, and format. A solution for addressing this issue is to utilize a Vehicle Data Translator (VDT) to preprocess weather-related vehicle data before they are distributed to data subscribers. This paper will describe the VDT and how vehicle data sets are being processed by the prototype VDT to generate derived weather and road condition information.
FGF-7 modulates ureteric bud growth and nephron number in the developing kidney (1999)

The importance of proportioning kidney size to body volume was established by clinical studies which demonstrated that in-born defecits of nephron number predispose the kidney to disease. As the kidney develops, the expanding ureteric bud or renal collecting system induces surrounding metanephric mesenchyme to proliferate and differentiate into nephrons. Thus, it is likely that nephron number is related to ureteric bud growth. The expression patterns of mRNAs encoding Fibroblast Growth Factor-7 (FGF-7) and its high affinity receptor suggested that FGF-7 signaling may play a role in regulating ureteric bud growth. To test this hypothesis we examined kidneys from FGF-7-null and wild-type mice. Results of these studies demonstrate that the developing ureteric bud and mature collecting system of FGF-7-null kidneys is markedly smaller than wild type. Furthermore, morphometric analyses indicate that mature FGF-7-null kidneys have 30+/-6% fewer nephrons than wild-type kidneys. In vitro experiments demonstrate that elevated levels of FGF-7 augment ureteric bud growth and increase the number of nephrons that form in rodent metanephric kidney organ cultures. Collectively, these results demonstrate that FGF-7 levels modulate the extent of ureteric bud growth during development and the number of nephrons that eventually form in the kidney.
ChemInform Abstract: New Syntheses of Orelline (X) and Analogues via Metalation and Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long term reliability prediction of fluorescent silver nanoclusters embedded in glass for perennial optical recording (2012)

International audience
Designing Ionic Liquids:  Imidazolium Melts with Inert Carborane Anions (2000)

A new class of low-melting N,N‘-dialkylimidazolium salts has been prepared with carborane counterions, some of the most inert and least nucleophilic anions presently known. The cations and anions have been systematically varied with combinations of 1-ethyl-3-methyl- (EMIM+), 1-octyl-3-methyl- (OMIM+), 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethyl- (EDMIM+), and 1-butyl-2,3-dimethyl- (BDMIM+) imidazolium cations and CB11H12-, CB11H6Cl6-, and CB11H6Br6- carborane anions to elucidate the factors which affect their melting points. From trends in melting points, which range from 156 °C down to 45 °C, it is clear that the alkylation pattern on the imidazolium cation is the main determinant of melting point and that packing inefficiency of the cation is the intrinsic cause of low melting points. C-Alkylation of the anion can also contribute to low melting points by the introduction of a further packing inefficiency. Nine of the thirteen salts have been the subject of X-ray crystal structural determination. Notably, crystallographic disorder of the cation is observed in all but one of these salts. It is the most direct evidence to date that packing inefficiency is the major reason unsymmetrical N,N‘-dialkylimidazolium salts can be liquids at room temperature.
On Receiver Algorithms for OFDM Systems (2007)

This thesis addresses the problem of designing a receiver for an Orthogonal FrequencyDivisionMultiplexing (OFDM)communication system operating over fading channels, taking into account the effects of hardware imperfections. We discuss solutions for efficiently estimating the parameters of a channel model and for compensating oscillator phase noise and analog to digital converter (ADC) quantisation errors at the receiver.The thesis consists of a general introduction to the topics of digital communication (OFDM, channelmodelling, estimation) and of threemain parts addressing the issues of phase noise compensation, channel estimation and ADC quantisation noise cancellation, respectively.In part I, after characterising the oscillator phase noise using aWiener process model, we analyse the effects of phase noise on an OFDM system operating over fading channels and provide an analytical bit error rate (BER) result. We then discuss the problem of estimating and reducing the effects of phase noise. Our solution is based on a two step iterative algorithm that estimates and removes the phase noise-induced common phase error (CPE) and intercarrier interference (ICI). The method is compared to existing algorithms and shows improvement at the cost of additional complexity.In part II, we propose a channel estimation algorithm for a coded multiband-OFDM system operating over the UWB channel. The algorithm is based on the classic Wiener filter-based MMSE channel estimator, which is extended to a decision directed iterative algorithm, taking into account the reliability of the information feedback. Different feedback methods with different orders of complexity are proposed and compared. The performance of the receiver algorithms are presented for the standardMB-OFDM UWB system which uses a punctured convolutional code as well as for a modified system which replaces the channel code for a rate and complexity equivalent turbo code. The results show that introducing the reliability measure in the estimation procedure improves the error rate performance of the system. Moreover, for an equivalent complexity, simulation showed an improvement of the performance using a turbo code over a convolutional code.In part III, we discuss the effect of ADC quantisation of the received signal for an OFDM system using a memoryless uniform quantiser. After providing an analysis of the effect of quantisation of an OFDM signal on the bit error rate and the channel capacity for AWGN and fading channels, we discuss a compensation algorithm. The algorithm is based on a decision feedback method with a feedback loop describing the quantisation error with a power-series type non-linearity. The algorithm is tested on a perfectly known channel as well as with a channel estimated with the algorithm in part II and proved to be able to effectively cancel the effects of quantisation on the received OFDM signal, as well as being robust to channel estimation error.
Yeast can accommodate phosphotyrosine: v-Src toxicity in yeast arises from a single disrupted pathway (2018)

Tyrosine phosphorylation is a key biochemical signal that controls growth and differentiation in multicellular organisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and nearly all other unicellular eukaryotes lack intact phosphotyrosine signaling pathways. However, many of these organisms have primitive phosphotyrosine-binding proteins and tyrosine phosphatases, leading to the assumption that the major barrier for emergence of phosphotyrosine signaling was the negative consequences of promiscuous tyrosine kinase activity. In this work, we reveal that the classic oncogene v-Src, which phosphorylates many dozens of proteins in yeast, is toxic because it disrupts a specific spore wall remodeling pathway. Using genetic selections, we find that expression of a specific cyclic peptide, or overexpression of SMK1, a MAP kinase that controls spore wall assembly, both lead to robust growth despite a continuous high level of phosphotyrosine in the yeast proteome. Thus, minimal genetic manipulations allow yeast to tolerate high levels of phosphotyrosine. These results indicate that the introduction of tyrosine kinases within single-celled organisms may not have been a major obstacle to the evolution of phosphotyrosine signaling.
In-Situ Measurements of Combustion Species Using Near-IR Diode Laser Sensors (1998)

The rapid improvements in room-temperature diode laser technology for communications and data storage applications has given rise to a entirely new class of potential optical sensors for species composition and gasdynamic parameter measurements. These sensors are finding widespread application to chemical processing, environmental monitoring, and, increasingly, aerodynamic and propulsion needs. High quality devices are now commercially available in a number of discrete spectral windows between 630 nm and 2.0 μm. For aerodynamic and propulsion applications, most activity to date has focussed on O 2 -based measurements using 763 nm AlGaAs lasers and H 2 O-based measurements using 1.31 to 1.39 μm InGaAsP lasers. These devices are characterized by a rapid time response, extreme sensitivity, and opto-mechanical robustness consistent with practical industrial installations.
Discovery of Novel Antibacterial Agents Active Against Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus from Combinatorial Benzopyran Libraries (2001)

In vitro antibacterial potencies similar to that of vancomycin against several strains of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus were found for some novel benzopyran-derived antibacterial agents (see picture; R=H, tBu; X=O, S). Lead compounds were identified from compound libraries, generated by split-and-pool combinatorial synthesis, by using high-throughput antibacterial screening. A preliminary optimization was achieved by molecular fine-tuning through design and chemical synthesis followed by further biological testing.
Estimating spread of contact-based contagions in a population through sub-sampling (2021)

Various phenomena such as viruses, gossips, and physical objects (e.g., packages and marketing pamphlets) can be spread through physical contacts. The spread depends on how people move, i.e., their mobility patterns. In practice, mobility patterns of an entire population is never available, and we usually have access to location data of a subset of individuals. In this paper, we formalize and study the problem of estimating the spread of a phenomena in a population, given that we only have access to sub-samples of location visits of some individuals in the population. We show that simple solutions that estimate the spread in the sub-sample and scale it to the population, or more sophisticated solutions that rely on modeling location visits of individuals do not perform well in practice. Instead, we directly model the co-locations between the individuals. We introduce PollSpreader and PollSusceptible, two novel approaches that model the co-locations between individuals using a contact network , and infer the properties of the contact network using the sub-sample to estimate the spread of the phenomena in the entire population. We analytically show that our estimates provide an upper bound and a lower bound on the spread of the disease in expectation. Finally, using a large high-resolution real-world mobility dataset, we experimentally show that our estimates are accurate in practice, while other methods that do not correctly account for co-locations between individuals result in entirely wrong observations (e.g, premature prediction of herd-immunity).
A crucial role of IL-6 in B cell tolerance induction after antigen activation (167.6) (2011)

Abstract Receptor editing, clonal deletion and anergy are the key components of the central tolerance. It is well characterized that receptor editing plays the most important role among the three mechanisms. We recently identified a post germinal center tolerance check point, where receptor editing is re-induced to diminish the autoreactive B cells generated by class switching and somatic hypermutation. Here we demonstrate that this de-novo re-induction of the recombinase RAG gene in antigen-activated B cells is reduced by neutralization of IL-6. Serum level of autoreactive anti-dsDNA antibodies is increased in mice immunized with a peptide mimetope of dsDNA if they are given antibodies to IL-6 to reduce receptor editing. The same effect is observed in mice haploid for IL-6 when compared to WT mice. This dependence on IL-6 is B cell intrinsic, as demonstrated in adoptive transfer experiments when B cells from either WT mice or IL-6+/- mice were reconstituted in uMT mice. Our data reveal a novel but crucial role of IL-6 in regulation of the B cell autoimmunity, and show that Il-6 serves a regulatory function as well as being proinflammatory.
Disappearance of factor VIII autoantibodies preceding autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (2000)

We describe a previously healthy woman who at the age of 44 years developed a factor VIII inhibitor, that over the years increased to a maximum level of 3600 Bethesda units (BU) mL(-1) in 1978. The epitope specificity of the factor VIII inhibitor was investigated and antibodies directed against the A2 and C2 domains of factor VIII were detected. The majority of these antibodies were of subclass IgG4. Over the years, the inhibitor titre gradually decreased and in 1989, the inhibitor could no longer be detected. Shortly after, the patient developed autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. A possible link between the disappearance of factor VIII inhibitors and the development of other autoantibodies may be explained by concomitant development of anti-idiotypic antibodies that neutralize the activity of factor VIII inhibitors. We were unable to detect anti-idiotypic antibodies, which could explain the decline in factor VIII inhibitor titre in this patient.
Iterated learning in a layered feed-forward neural network (1988)

A model-layered feed-forward neural network with an iterated learning stage is described. The system is capable of self-organizing its ``internal representations'' so that a large number of patterns can be perfectly stored and retrieved. The performance of the network is found to be robust against various degrading operations. Comparison of performance with an exactly solvable model is made.
Open online platforms advancing DSP education (2013)

Two open, online educational platforms, OpenStax Exercises and OpenStax Tutor, are working to revolutionize the way in which students learn concepts in diverse subject areas. Born and tested in the area of signal processing education, these tools bring to bear cutting-edge ideas in cognitive science and machine learning to automatically build personalized learning pathways for today's students and to advance the field of learning science. These platforms are introduced and initial results discussed.
Biocompatibility: Meeting a Key Functional Requirement of Next-Generation Medical Devices (2008)

The array of polymeric, biologic, metallic, and ceramic biomaterials will be reviewed with respect to their biocompatibility, which has traditionally been viewed as a requirement to develop a safe medical device. With the emergence of combination products, a paradigm shift is occurring that now requires biocompatibility to be designed into the device. In fact, next-generation medical devices will require enhanced biocompatibility by using, for example, pharmacological agents, bioactive coatings, nano-textures, or hybrid systems containing cells that control biologic interactions to have desirable biologic outcomes. The concept of biocompatibility is moving from a "do no harm" mission (i.e., nontoxic, nonantigenic, nonmutagenic, etc.) to one of doing "good," that is, encouraging positive healing responses. These new devices will promote the formation of normal healthy tissue as well as the integration of the device into adjacent tissue. In some contexts, biocompatibility can become a disruptive technology that can change therapeutic paradigms (e.g., drug-coated stents). New database tools to access biocompatibility data of the materials of construction in existing medical devices will facilitate the use of existing and new biomaterials for new medical device designs.
Highly Fluorescent Au25-xAgx Nanoclusters Protected with Poly(ethylene glycol) - and Zwitterion-Modified Thiolate Ligands (2018)

&lt;p&gt;We describe the growth and characterization of highly fluorescing, near-infrared-emitting nanoclusters made of bimetallic Au&lt;sub&gt;25-x&lt;/sub&gt;Ag&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; cores, prepared using various monothiol-appended hydrophobic and hydrophilic ligands. The reaction uses well-defined triphenylphosphine-protected Au&lt;sub&gt;11&lt;/sub&gt; clusters (as precursors), which are reacted with Ag(I)-thiolate complexes. The prepared nanoclusters are small (diameter &lt; 2nm, as characterized by TEM) with emission peak at 760 nm and long lifetime (~12 µs). The quantum yield measured for these materials was 0.3 - 0.4 depending on the ligand. XPS measurements show the presence of both metal atoms in the core, with measured binding energies that agree with reported values for nanocluster materials. The NIR emission combined with high quantum yield, small size and ease of surface functionalization afforded by the coating, make these materials suitable to implement investigations that address fundamental questions and potentially useful for biological sensing and imaging applications.&lt;br&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
0.3 Release Candidate 2 (2014)

This contains bugfixes and necessary improvements for the final 0.3 release. 0.3 is still open for bugfixes. We have not branched yet, so master is not yet open for 0.4 changes.
Ion Thruster Discharge Performance per Magnetic Field Topography (2006)

DC-ION is a detailed computational model for predicting the plasma characteristics of rain-cusp ion thrusters. The advanced magnetic field meshing algorithm used by DC-ION allows precise treatment of the secondary electron flow. This capability allows self-consistent estimates of plasma potential that improves the overall consistency of the results of the discharge model described in Reference [refJPC05mod1]. Plasma potential estimates allow the model to predict the onset of plasma instabilities, and important shortcoming of the previous model for optimizing the design of discharge chambers. A magnetic field mesh simplifies the plasma flow calculations, for both the ions and the secondary electrons, and significantly reduces numerical diffusion that can occur with meshes not aligned with the magnetic field. Comparing the results of this model to experimental data shows that the behavior of the primary electrons, and the precise manner of their confinement, dictates the fundamental efficiency of ring-cusp. This correlation is evident in simulations of the conventionally sized NSTAR thruster (30 cm diameter) and the miniature MiXI thruster (3 cm diameter).
FCGR3Apolymorphism story: a new piece of the puzzle (2009)

The story of FCGR3A polymorphism began in 1997, when two teams [1],[2] described that a polymorphism located at amino acid residue 158 of the FcγRIIIa led to a substitution of a phenylalanine (FcγR...
ProjecToR (2016)

We explore a novel, free-space optics based approach for building data center interconnects. It uses a digital micromirror device (DMD) and mirror assembly combination as a transmitter and a photodetector on top of the rack as a receiver (Figure 1). Our approach enables all pairs of racks to establish direct links, and we can reconfigure such links (i.e., connect different rack pairs) within 12 us. To carry traffic from a source to a destination rack, transmitters and receivers in our interconnect can be dynamically linked in millions of ways. We develop topology construction and routing methods to exploit this flexibility, including a flow scheduling algorithm that is a constant factor approximation to the offline optimal solution. Experiments with a small prototype point to the feasibility of our approach. Simulations using realistic data center workloads show that, compared to the conventional folded-Clos interconnect, our approach can improve mean flow completion time by 30-95% and reduce cost by 25-40%.
A stepwise one-pot synthesis of aliphatic thiols and their derivatives from acrylamides and sulfur (2022)

Elemental sulfur enables the convenient formation of C-S bonds and the direct incoporation of S-S bonds. The reactivity of easily accessible electron deficient alkenes towards sulfur, however, is barely disclosed. Herein, we investigated the reactivity of acrylamides with sulfur and eventually developed a new pseudo-multicomponent reaction for the preparation of polysulfides. Sequential one-pot reduction led to diversely substituted thiols. Additional third stage one-pot modifications provided thioethers, unsymmetric disulfide and thioester.
Cyclic Dimers of Metalloporphyrins as Tunable Hosts for Fullerenes: A Remarkable Effect of Rhodium(III) (2001)

Supramolecular interaction of fullerenes with cyclic dimers of metalloporphyrins (1-M, M=central metal ions) showed a pronounced dependence on the nature of the metal ions, whereby 1-RhMe/fullerene systems displayed extremely high association constants (ca. 108 M−1) and low dissociation activities. Crystal-structure analysis and NMR data suggested a charge-transfer interaction and van der Waals interactions between the host and guest. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.