gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Photon Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Imaging of 4-Dimethylaminonaphthalimide Peptide and Protein Conjugates (2013)

We report detailed photophysical studies on the two-photon fluorescence processes of the solvatochromic fluorophore 4-DMN as a conjugate of the calmodulin (CaM) and the associated CaM-binding peptide M13. Strong two-photon fluorescence enhancement has been observed which is associated with calcium binding. It is found that the two-photon absorption cross-section is strongly dependent on the local environment surrounding the 4-DMN fluorophore in the CaM conjugates, providing sensitivity between sites of fluorophore attachment. Utilizing time-resolved measurements, the emission dynamics of 4-DMN under various environmental (solvent) conditions are analyzed. In addition, anisotropy measurements reveal that the 4-DMN-S38C-CaM system has restricted rotation in the calcium-bound calmodulin. To establish the utility for cellular imaging, two-photon fluorescence microscopy studies were also carried out with the 4-DMN-modified M13 peptide in cells. Together, these studies provide strong evidence that 4-DMN is a useful probe in two-photon imaging, with advantageous properties for cellular experiments.
Ultra-broadband Nonlinear Optics at Telecom Wavelengths in PPLN Nanowaveguides (2021)

We use a dispersion-engineered PPLN nanowaveguide to demonstrate broad- band second-harmonic generation of femtosecond pulses at telecom wavelengths. We ob- serve efficiencies approaching 35% with &lt; 1 pJ, and both supercontinuum generation and CEO detection with &lt; 150 pJ.
Development of Eutectic Free Cladding Materials for Metallic Fuel (2002)

Historically, it is well known that U base metallic fuel has a lower eutectic temperature with stainless steel cladding. In the phase diagram for the U-Fe binary system, the eutectic temperature is 998K. The eutectic reaction is a limiting factor for raising reactor operation temperature.For the purpose of development of eutectic-free cladding materials, three kinds of diffusion-couple tests with 10mass%Zr alloy were conducted at a temperature of 1027K for 2250hrs.We selected the following materials: (a) nitrogen charged zirconium foils, (b) vanadium foils of commercial grade, and (c) nitrogen charged ferritic stainless steel (HT-9).The results showed that typical Zr rich layer was observed in all of these materials. Zr rich layer appeared to act as a barrier against inter-diffusion of U, Fe. The barrier provided immunity to the eutectic reaction.Discussion was made on C-14 problems in relation to another desirable thermodynamic characteristics of Zr such as carbon-14 immobilization.EPMA analysis indicated relatively high nitrogen concentration at the barrier. The barrier is probably composed of ZrN.
Selective NaV1.7 Antagonists with Long Residence Time Show Improved Efficacy against Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain (2018)

Selective block of Na<sub>V</sub>1.7 promises to produce non-narcotic analgesic activity without motor or cognitive impairment. Several Na<sub>V</sub>1.7-selective blockers have been reported, but efficacy in animal pain models required high multiples of the IC<sub>50</sub> for channel block. Here, we report a target engagement assay using transgenic mice that has enabled the development of a second generation of selective Nav1.7 inhibitors that show robust analgesic activity in inflammatory and neuropathic pain models at low multiples of the IC<sub>50</sub>. Like earlier arylsulfonamides, these newer acylsulfonamides target a binding site on the surface of voltage sensor domain 4 to achieve high selectivity among sodium channel isoforms and steeply state-dependent block. The improved efficacy correlates with very slow dissociation from the target channel. Chronic dosing increases compound potency about 10-fold, possibly due to reversal of sensitization arising during chronic injury, and provides efficacy that persists long after the compound has cleared from plasma.
Glycine‐Induced Electrodeposition of Nanostructured Cobalt Hydroxide: A Bifunctional Catalyst for Overall Water Splitting (2019)

Herein, an interconnected α-Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> structure with a network-like architecture was used as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for the overall water splitting reaction in alkaline medium. The complexing ability of glycine with a transition metal was exploited to form [Co(gly)<sub>3</sub> ]<sup>-</sup> dispersion at pH 10, which was used for the electrodeposition. High-resolution TEM, UV/Vis-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to confirm that the as-synthesized materials had an α-Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> phase. The electrocatalytic oxygen and hydrogen evolution activity of the glycine-coordinated α-Co(OH)<sub>2</sub> was found to be approximately 320 and 145 mV, respectively, at 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> . The material required approximately 1.60 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode; RHE) to achieve the benchmark of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> for overall water splitting with a mass activity of approximately 63.7 A g<sup>-1</sup> at 1.60 V (vs. RHE). The chronoamperometric response was measured to evidence the stability of the material for overall water splitting for up to 24 h. Characterization of the catalyst after the oxygen and hydrogen evolution reactions was performed by XPS and showed the presence of a Co<sup>II</sup> /Co<sup>III</sup> oxidation state.
Falcon — A Flexible Architecture For Accelerating Cryptography (2019)

Internet of Things (IoT) devices, once deployed, must remain secure for their entire lifetime, which can be as long as 20 years. Over this lifetime, devices must be able to update which ciphers they use to meet evolving security requirements. However, devices cannot rely on software updates for their cryptography because software implementations consume too much energy. At the same time, fixed function hardware accelerators such as an AES engine cannot support new ciphers. This paper presents Falcon, a hardware architecture for accelerating a broad range of cryptography on energy limited devices. Rather than accelerate a fixed set of current ciphers, Falcon provides a general execution engine that accelerates dominant and emerging ciphers, such as AES, Cha-Cha, SHA-256, RSA, ECC with Curve25519, as well as post-quantum ciphers such as R-LWE. For cryptography, Falcon provides the flexibility of software while reducing the energy consumption of cryptography by 5-60x compared to software. This reduction makes it feasible for IoT applications to upgrade the ciphers they use after deployment, allowing them to keep up to date with security best practices without reducing their deployment lifetime or reducing the application workload. In an application monitoring the temperature of sensitive medical supplies in hospitals, Falcon doubles the deployment lifetime (2.2x).
Electrophysiological Measures of Auditory Processing in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (2012)

Previous studies demonstrated that patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) experience more hearing loss than age-matched control subjects. Patients with MS also exhibit deficits processing auditory stimuli, including speech in a background of noise. These findings suggest that auditory deficits in the MS population can result from damage to central neural pathways in addition to peripheral hearing structures. To assess auditory processing functions in patients with MS, this study used auditory event-related potentials (AERPs)—specifically, the auditory brain stem response (ABR) and long-latency AERPs including the P300. AERPs recorded from 20 patients with MS were compared to AERPs from 20 healthy control subjects. When ABR stimuli (clicks) were presented monaurally, there were no significant differences between groups in component latencies or amplitudes for waves I through V. However, binaural presentation of the same stimuli elicited wave V ABR components significantly greater in amplitude for the control group compared with the MS group. Long-latency AERP results showed no significant differences between groups for N100 latency and amplitude or for P300 latency. P300 component amplitude was significantly greater for control subjects compared with patients with MS. It is probable that neural degeneration and impaired neural transmission within the MS group contributed to these AERP results. AERPs are useful tools that can be used to assess peripheral and central auditory functions as well as cognitive processing abilities in patients with MS. AERPs could be used to evaluate neural integrity, disease progression, and treatment efficacy in this population.
Neutron scattering studies of the isolated C1r2C1s2 subunit of first component of human complement in solution. (1983)

The subunit complex C1r2C1s2 of the first component of complement was investigated by small-angle neutron scattering in both the activated and unactivated forms. From these experiments, a molecular weight of 390,000 for C1r2C1s2 was found. The matchpoint was determined to be 43% 2H2O. Both results are consistent with composition data. The partial specific volume is 0.751 ml/mg. The radius of gyration at infinite contrast was found to be 17 nm for C1r2C1s2 and 1.1 nm for the cross section. Models for C1r2C1s2 were computed by the method of hard spheres, in which C1r2C1s2 was represented by spheres 0.87 nm diameter arranged in a straight rod of length 59 nm and a circular cross section of 3.2 nm. This rod can be bent at one or two places by up to 60 degrees without significant effect on the calculated radii of gyration. The model is in agreement with published ultracentrifugation and electron microscopy data.
Analysis of the ellipticity and general scaling perturbation induced PMD in a transmitting fiber (2002)

Presented is an analysis of general scaling perturbations in a transmitting fiber. For elliptical perturbations, under some conditions an intermode dispersion parameter characterizing modal PMD is shown to be directly proportional to the mode dispersion.
Supplementary Table 1 from PGE2-Driven Expression of c-Myc and OncomiR-17-92 Contributes to Apoptosis Resistance in NSCLC (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 47K, Patient characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;
The remote educational antenna laboratory: making it easier to add projects to antenna courses [education column] (2014)

An antenna measurement facility has been constructed that can be remotely controlled over the Internet. The primary purpose of the facility is to make it easier for instructors to include antenna construction and measurement projects in courses on antennas, RF systems, and electromagnetic fields. The facility is capable of measuring gain, patterns, and return loss for antennas of the type used in personal electronic devices in the 800 MHz to 6.5 GHz range. Experience with remotely supporting courses at Carnegie Mellon University, Georgia Institute of Technology, and Worcester Polytechnic Institute showed that both students and instructors felt that use of the remote laboratory added value to the students' experiences.
Aspect-Ratio-Tailored Silver Nanoplates for Efficient Broad- and Tunable-Bandwidth Extinction in the Visible Range (2015)

We computationally predict and experimentally demonstrate that aspect-ratio-tailored silver nanoplates excel at volume-minimized, visible-range extinction. Normalized extinction (σext/V) closely approaches or meets theory limits in three windows and is a six-fold increase over previous experiments.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED Δ3‐PIPERIDINES: THE NITROGEN ANALOG OF THE FERRIER REARRANGEMENT. AN APPROACH TO STREPTAZOLIN (1984)

Abstract Aus dem Piperidon (I) erhält man bei der Reduktion den Alkohol (II), der mit Nucleophilen (III) zu den Substitutionsprodukten (V) führt.
Assessment of medical professionalism using the Professionalism Mini-Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX): A survey of faculty perception of relevance, feasibility and comprehensiveness (2020)

Introduction: This study aimed to examine the perception of faculty on the relevance, feasibility and comprehensiveness of the Professionalism Mini Evaluation Exercise (P-MEX) in the assessment of medical professionalism in residency programmes in an Asian postgraduate training centre. Methods: Cross-sectional survey data was collected from faculty in 33 residency programmes. Items were deemed to be relevant to assessment of medical professionalism when at least 80% of the faculty gave a rating of ≥8 on a 0-10 numerical rating scale (0 representing not relevant, 10 representing very relevant). Feedback regarding the feasibility and comprehensiveness of the P-MEX assessment was also collected from the faculty through open-ended questions. Results: In total, 555 faculty from 33 residency programmes participated in the survey. Of the 21 items in the P-MEX, 17 items were deemed to be relevant. For the remaining four items ‘maintained appropriate appearance’, ‘extended his/herself to meet patient needs’, ‘solicited feedback’, and ‘advocated on behalf of a patient’, the percentage of faculty who gave a rating of ≥8 was 78%, 75%, 74%, and 69% respectively. Of the 333 respondents to the open-ended question on feasibility, 34% (n=113) felt that there were too many questions in the P-MEX. Faculty also reported that assessments about ‘collegiality’ and ‘communication with empathy’ were missing in the current P-MEX. Conclusion: The P-MEX is relevant and feasible for assessment of medical professionalism. There may be a need for greater emphasis on the assessment of collegiality and empathetic communication in the P-MEX.
Adenosine blocks a GTP-dependent inward current in mouse spinal neurones in culture (1990)

Rats have been shown in several studies to develop delayed cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, the rat model has not yet been fully validated, and there are number of methodological issues. In this study, we present an improved double hemorrhage rat model for studies of delayed cerebral vasospasm. Double hemorrhage was induced at an interval of 24 h using a PE-10 catheter introduced into the cisterna magna through a parieto-occipital burr hole. Blood volumes consisted of 0.3/0.2 ml (Group 1) or 0.2/0.1 ml (Group 2). Regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured with 14C-IMP, and compared to a sham operated control group. Additionally, the diameter and cross-sectional area of basilar artery (BA) was measured microscopically at four different levels. Mortality in Group 1 was 40%, compared to 1.5% in Group 2 and further experiments focused on the latter. Immediately following the second hemorrhage, the vessel diameter and cross-sectional area of BA were not significantly changed, but by day 5 these had decreased to 64 ± 3% and 39 ± 4% of control (p < 0.001), respectively. CBF changes were global, affecting all cerebral areas to a similar degree. Immediately following second SAH induction, CBF diminished to 62–73% of control (p < 0.05). By day 1, CBF had slightly increased above normal (101–120%), but there was then a second progressive reduction in flow in all areas examined at day 5 reaching 70–85% of baseline (p < 0.05). CBF then normalized by day 7 and 9. In this study, we present a new technique for creation of double SAH leading to delayed cerebral vasospasm in rats.
Pilot optimization for mobile services in ATSC 3.0 (2016)

The Advanced Television System Committee (ATSC) has released ATSC 3.0, the next-generation U.S. Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) standard. ATSC 3.0 allows a higher flexibility compared to the previous state-of-the-art DTT standard, DVB-T2 (Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial 2nd Generation). This higher flexibility allows broadcasters to adapt transmission configuration to network and reception requirements. Regarding pilot patterns (PP), whereas DVB-T2 provides 8 different PPs with a unique pilot boosting, ATSC 3.0 extends up to 16 different PPs, with 5 different boostings per each one. This paper is focused on the study of the PP and boosting combination that optimizes performance for time (Time Division Multiplexing, TDM) and power (Layered Division Multiplexing, LDM) multiplexing modes of ATSC 3.0 in mobility reception conditions. The selection of the optimum PP is particularly essential in LDM mode, because it must be shared between the two LDM layers.
Pneumatosis cystoides coli of the ascending colon: colonoscopic and CT colonographic features (2007)

A 51-year-old female was referred to our hospital for asymptomatic multiple cystic lesions detected during screening colonoscopy. The patient had no history of pulmonary disease, peptic ulcers, or connective tissue disease. Colonovideoscopy (CVS) examination revealed 3 - 20 mm sized multiple cystic lesions with an overlying normal mucosal layer in the ascending colon (Figure [1]). The patient subsequently underwent computed tomography (CT) colonography (CTC) in order to evaluate the colonic wall and extracolonic compartments. The CTC images are shown as an endoscopic view and a 3D reconstruction in Figure [2] and Figure [3], respectively. Microscopy examination revealed air-containing cysts and mild inflammation in the submucosal layer (Figure [4]). Based on CVS, CTC, and pathology findings, pneumatosis cystoides coli (PCC) of the ascending colon was diagnosed. As the patient was asymptomatic, treatment consisted of detailed follow-up examinations without medical treatment. The cysts were no longer detectable on CVS and CTC performed 17 months later, indicating that spontaneous resolution had occurred (Figure [5] and [6]).
Single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2000)

Summary form only given. Numerous approaches have attempted to increase the single-transverse-mode output power of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). These include external cavity, lossy or anti-guiding, and filtering approaches. For the purpose of commercial production, a monolithic, continuous wave (cw) device incorporating a lossless filter approach is desirable.
IMP dehydrogenase: the dynamics of drug selectivity (2003)

Inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) is an important target for immunosuppressive, antiviral and anticancer therapy. This enzyme catalyzes the key reaction in guanine nucleotide biosynthesis: the conversion of IMP into XMP with the concomitant reduction of NAD. The reaction involves a dehydrogenase step that produces NADH and a covalent E-XMP* intermediate and a hydrolysis step where E-XMP* is converted to XMP. We have solved the structure of the mizoribine monophosphate complex of IMPDH that resembles the transition state for the hydrolysis of E-XMP*. This structure reveals that IMPDH undergoes a large conformational change after NADH departs, transforming the enzyme into a hydrolase. This conformational change positions a mobile flap in the NADH site, with a conserved Arg-Tyr dyad adjacent to E-XMP*. Surprisingly, the Arg-Tyr dyad appears to act as the general base that activates water. The flap competes with drugs such as mycophenolic acid, so that the conformational change also appears to be a major determinant of drug selectivity.
An analytical commutation law for parasitic forces and torques compensation in coreless linear motors (2016)

For ideal coreless linear motors, simple classical commutation using three-phase sinusoidal currents is sufficient to achieve low propulsion force ripple and zero parasitic force and torque in non-driving directions. However, in nonideal coreless linear motors, there are various parasitic forces and torques for which the classical commutation cannot compensate. This paper proposes an analytical commutation law which can eliminate the parasitic forces and torques. Simulation results with a finite element method model are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed commutation law.
The neural basis of the high degree of stereoanomaly present in the normal population (2019)

The human visual system calculates depth from binocular disparity. This study explored the variability in stereoacuity (minimum discriminable disparity) and in the relative sensitivity to crossed (near) and uncrossed (far) disparity in adults. The task measured thresholds for identifying the location of a depth-defined shape in a field of dots. The surface appeared to be either in front of (crossed) or behind the screen (uncrossed disparity). Performance for each direction was measured separately. We measured thresholds for 53 adults (28 males) with normal vision. Thresholds ranged from 24 to 275 arc second. This range did not display a bimodal distribution (contrary to previous reports). We then used an equivalent noise approach to determine if elevation in thresholds can be attributed to larger internal input noise or reduced processing efficiency. We measured thresholds with different levels of disparity noise (affecting the disparity of each dot) in 18 subjects. Performance was unaffected at low levels of added noise, however beyond a critical value, thresholds increased with the standard deviation of the noise. This transition point indicated when the effect of the stimulus disparity noise was equivalent to the internal noise of the visual system. Thresholds calculated at high external noise levels indicate the efficiency of the system when processing the noisy input. We found differences in processing efficiency largely explained individual differences in performance. Enhanced efficiency for one direction also explained significant within-subject differences in sensitivity between crossed and uncrossed disparities. For subjects lacking a bias in either disparity direction, there was a tendency for increased equivalent internal noise to be balanced out by increased efficiency for the same direction. Our results show it is variations in the quality of processing and not in the quality of the input into disparity-processing mechanisms that explain individual differences in stereoacuity.
ChemInform Abstract: PALLADIUM ASSISTED ORGANIC REACTIONS. V. THE REACTIONS OF DI‐μ‐CHLOROBIS(N,N‐DIALKYLBENZYLAMINE‐2‐C,N)DIPALLADIUM(II) COMPLEXES WITH ACYL CHLORIDES (1984)

Abstract Die Palladium‐Komplexe (III) reagieren mit Acylchloriden (IV) bevorzugt unter ortho‐Acylierung zu den Produkten (VII).
Building a framework for the probability ranking principle by a family of expected weighted rank (2009)

A new principles framework is presented for retrieval evaluation of ranked outputs. It applies decision theory to model relevance decision preferences and shows that the Probability Ranking Principle (PRP) specifies optimal ranking. It has two new components, namely a probabilistic evaluation model and a general measure of retrieval effectiveness. Its probabilities may be interpreted as subjective or objective ones. Its performance measure is the expected weighted rank which is the weighted average rank of a retrieval list. Starting from this measure, the expected forward rank and some existing retrieval effectiveness measures (e.g., top n precision and discounted cumulative gain) are instantiated using suitable weighting schemes after making certain assumptions. The significance of these instantiations is that the ranking prescribed by PRP is shown to be optimal simultaneously for all these existing performance measures. In addition, the optimal expected weighted rank may be used to normalize the expected weighted rank of retrieval systems for (summary) performance comparison (across different topics) between systems. The framework also extends PRP and our evaluation model to handle graded relevance, thereby generalizing the discussed, existing measures (e.g., top n precision) and probabilistic retrieval models for graded relevance.