gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Dual-Band Class-F Load Coupling Network for Applications at 1.7 and 2.14 GHz (2008)

Highly efficient multiband power amplifiers (PAs) are key elements for the development of future multistandard multiband communication terminals and cognitive radios. This paper reports the design of a multiharmonic dual-band Class-F power amplifier for applications at wireless communication frequencies based on a switchless multiharmonic multiband load coupling network topology. The proposed output network topology is able to precisely synthesize Class-F impedance conditions with up to three harmonics at two distinct nonharmonic frequencies without the need of switches or electronically tunable elements. The proposed topology was used to design a Class-F PA in hybrid technology for the frequency bands at 1.7 and 2.14 GHz. Optimum impedances for maximum efficiency of the used GaAs MESFET for the two bands were determined by multiharmonic load-pull measurements and synthesized by the proposed switchless dual-band Class-F network. With a dual-band input matching network, the fabricated PA achieves 44.0% and 61.3% drain efficiency for an output power of more than 32.8 dbm and 34.4 dbm at 1.7 and 2.14 GHz, respectively. To the best knowledge of the authors, this is the first concurrent multiharmonic dual-band PA reported in open literature.
Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet holography: dynamic monitoring of surface deformation (2007)

We demonstrate femtosecond time-resolved dynamic Gabor holography using highly coherent extreme ultraviolet light generated by high harmonic upconversion of a femtosecond laser. By reflecting this light from an impulsively heated surface, we implement a simple and robust single-reflection geometry for phase-sensitive holographic detection at extreme UV wavelengths. Using this setup, we study the ultrafast deformation and subsequent acoustic oscillations within a thin metal film. These measurements exhibit subpicometer spatial sensitivity in the vertical dimension.
Structural investigations into the interaction of hemoglobin and part structures with bacterial endotoxins (2008)

An understanding of details of the interaction mechanisms of bacterial endotoxins (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) with the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is still lacking, despite its high biological relevance. Here, a biophysical investigation into the endotoxin:hemoglobin interaction is presented which comprises the use of various rough mutant LPS as well as free lipid A; in addition to the complete hemoglobin molecule from fetal sheep extract, also the partial structure alpha-chain and the heme-free sample are studied. The investigations comprise the determination of the gel-to-liquid crystalline phase behaviour of the acyl chains of LPS, the ultrastructure (type of aggregate structure and morphology) of the endotoxins, and the incorporation of the hemoglobins into artificial immune cell membranes and into LPS. Our data suggest a model for the interaction between Hb and LPS in which hemoglobins do not react strongly with the hydrophilic or with the hydrophobic moiety of LPS, but with the complete endotoxin aggregate. Hb is able to incorporate into LPS with the longitudinal direction parallel to the lipid A double-layer. Although this does not lead to a strong disturbance of the LPS acyl chain packing, the change of the curvature leads to a slightly conical molecular shape with a change of the three-dimensional arrangement from unilamellar into cubic LPS aggregates. Our previous results show that cubic LPS structures exhibit strong endotoxic activity. The property of Hb on the physical state of LPS described here may explain the observation of an increase in LPS-mediating endotoxicity due to the action of Hb.
Attested append-only memory (2007)

Researchers have made great strides in improving the fault tolerance of both centralized and replicated systems against arbitrary (Byzantine) faults. However, there are hard limits to how much can be done with entirely untrusted components; for example, replicated state machines cannot tolerate more than a third of their replica population being Byzantine. In this paper, we investigate how minimal trusted abstractions can push through these hard limits in practical ways. We propose Attested Append-Only Memory (A2M), a trusted system facility that is small, easy to implement and easy to verify formally. A2M provides the programming abstraction of a trusted log, which leads to protocol designs immune to equivocation -- the ability of a faulty host to lie in different ways to different clients or servers -- which is a common source of Byzantine headaches. Using A2M, we improve upon the state of the art in Byzantine-fault tolerant replicated state machines, producing A2M-enabled protocols (variants of Castro and Liskov's PBFT) that remain correct (linearizable) and keep making progress (live) even when half the replicas are faulty, in contrast to the previous upper bound. We also present an A2M-enabled single-server shared storage protocol that guarantees linearizability despite server faults. We implement A2M and our protocols, evaluate them experimentally through micro- and macro-benchmarks, and argue that the improved fault tolerance is cost-effective for a broad range of uses, opening up new avenues for practical, more reliable services.
Identification and structural characterization of synthetic cathinones: N-propylcathinone, 2,4-dimethylmethcathinone, 2,4-dimethylethcathinone, 2,4-dimethyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 4-bromo-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one and 2,4-dimethylisocathinone (2019)

Seven synthetic cathinone derivatives detected in samples seized in Poland from clandestine laboratories: N-propylcathinone, 2,4-dimethylmethcathinone (2,4-DMMC), 2,4-dimethylethcathinone (2,4-DMEC), 2,4-dimethyl-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (2,4-DMPPP) and 2,4-dimethylisocathinone (4-iso-DMC), collected from smartshops: 4-bromo-α-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (4-Br-PPP) or received from an attorney 1-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)hexan-1-one (5-BPDi) were identified and analytically characterized. Unequivocal identification of seven cathinones was performed using liquid chromatography–high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry with a quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In this study, we reported the detection and structure elucidation of seven substituted cathinones: N-propylcathinone, 2,4-DMMC, 2,4-DMEC, 2,4-DMPPP, 4-Br-PPP, 5-BPDi and 2,4-iso-DMC. New derivatives of cathinone still appear on the market, mainly due to their legal status. This situation clearly indicates and alarms that permanent recognition of the designer drug market should be conducted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive report to fully characterize these cathinones; however, some analytical data have been published recently.
Conductive Polymer Coating on Nonconductive Ceramic Substrates for Use in the Electrophoretic Deposition Process (2008)

Uniform coating and line patterning of a conductive polypyrrole (Ppy) film on nonconductive ceramic materials were performed for use as substrates in the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. The Ppy was synthesized by chemical oxidation in the pyrrole solution. Direct shaping or line patterning of alumina or zirconia particles by EPD was carried out using the Ppy films as cathodes.
Quasi One-Dimensional Nanopores in Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorn Colloids Using Grand Canonical Monte Carlo Simulation Aided Adsorption Technique (2005)

The average interstitial nanopore structure of single-wall carbon nanohorn (SWNH) assemblies was determined using X-ray diffraction and grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation aided N(2) adsorption at 77 K. The interstitial nanopores of SWNH assemblies can be regarded as quasi one-dimensional pores due to the partial orientation of the SWNH particles; the average pore width of the interstitial pores is 0.6 nm. Good agreement between the GCMC simulation of a structural model with one-dimensional interstitial nanopores and an experimental adsorption isotherm below P/P(0) = 10(-4) is evidence of the quasi one-dimensionality of the interstitial nanopores. A snapshot from the GCMC simulation showed one-dimensional growth of adsorbed N(2) molecules.
GaAs microcrystallites-doped glass: preliminary results (1990)

A new type of semiconductor microcrystallites-doped glass has been fabricated by ion beam sputtering of GaAs/glass composite targets. The deposition of such a material was a preliminary step toward the fabrication of semiconductor doped glass, which would demonstrate large optical nonlinearities at wavelengths compatible with the emission wavelengths of solid-state lasers and laser diodes. GaAs, which is known to exhibit large optcial nonlinearities at the wavelengths close to the material bandgap (870 nm), was then selected as the doping semiconductor. Physical properties and characteristics of the deposited thin films were studied by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Raman spectroscopy. Results of ESCA demonstrated that concentration of the doping semiconductor is relatively high, at least on the sample surface. Identification of the Ga and As compounds present in the films were also performed using ESCA. In particular, GaAs, Ga 2 CO 3 and AS 2 O 3 were found on the surface of the samples while only GaAs was present in the core of the films. Raman spectroscopy studies lead to detection of the characteristic GaAs phonon peaks in the films. This demonstrates that the GaAs microcrystallites are present in the fabricated films. Finally, real and imaginary parts of the complex refractive index of the films were determined using optical ellipsometry technique.
(S)-1-Methyl-2-(piperidinomethyl)pyrrolidine (2003)

[84466-85-30] C11H22N2 (MW 182.31) InChI = 1S/C11H22N2/c1-12-7-5-6-11(12)10-13-8-3-2-4-9-13/h11H,2-10H2,1H3/t11-/m0/s1 InChIKey = VCVPSRADUBPOKJ-NSHDSACASA-N (reagent used as a chiral ligand in asymmetric synthesis of organic compounds) Physical Data: bp 121–123 °C/22 mmHg; d 0.909 g cm−3; ‘α’20D −69 (c 0.5, EtOH). Solubility: soluble in alcohol, diethyl ether, and most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid; commercially available form Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd. (TCI) and Aldrich. Purification: usable without further purification. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: (S)-1-methyl-2-(piperidinomethyl)pyrrolidine and its derivatives can be synthesized from L-proline. Methods for the preparation are described in refs 1b and 2b. Properties of chiral diamines and synthetic intermediates are shown in refs 1b, 2d, and 3b.
Laboratory-Generated DNA Can Cause Anomalous Pathogen Diagnostic Test Results (2021)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has brought about the unprecedented expansion of highly sensitive molecular diagnostics as a primary infection control strategy. At the same time, many laboratories have shifted focus to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) research and diagnostic development, leading to large-scale production of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids that can interfere with these tests. We have identified multiple instances, in independent laboratories, in which nucleic acids generated in research settings are suspected to have caused researchers to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 in surveillance testing. In some cases, the affected individuals did not work directly with these nucleic acids but were exposed <i>via</i> a contaminated surface or object. Though researchers have long been vigilant of DNA contaminants, the transfer of these contaminants to SARS-CoV-2 testing samples can result in anomalous test results. The impact of these incidents stretches into the public sphere, placing additional burdens on public health resources, placing affected researchers and their contacts in isolation and quarantine, removing them from the testing pool for 3 months, and carrying the potential to trigger shutdowns of classrooms and workplaces. We report our observations as a call for increased stewardship over nucleic acids with the potential to impact both the use and development of diagnostics. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> To meet the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic, research laboratories shifted their focus and clinical diagnostic laboratories developed and utilized new assays. Nucleic acid-based testing became widespread and, for the first time, was used as a prophylactic measure. We report 15 cases of researchers at two institutes testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 on routine surveillance tests, in the absence of any symptoms or transmission. These researchers were likely contaminated with nonhazardous nucleic acids generated in the laboratory in the course of developing new SARS-CoV-2 diagnostics. These contaminating nucleic acids were persistent and widespread throughout the laboratory. We report these findings as a cautionary tale to those working with nucleic acids used in diagnostic testing and as a call for careful stewardship of diagnostically relevant molecules. Our conclusions are especially relevant as at-home COVID-19 testing gains traction in the marketplace and these amplicons may impact on the general public.
On the capacity of HSDPA (2004)

An analytical model for the evaluation of HSDPA capacity is proposed and used to carry out a comparison of several MIMO systems. HSDPA is an evolution of the UMTS standard over the air interface to achieve higher aggregate bit rates through the introduction of adaptive modulation and coding, hybrid ARQ, fast scheduling, fast cell selection and MIMO (space time coding and Blast) techniques. The model is used to compare MIMO systems, a typically difficult task to provide some insight. The results are supported by a simulation.
Roles of glucose transport and glucose phosphorylation in muscle insulin resistance of NIDDM (1996)

Insulin resistance for glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle is a key feature in NIDDM. The quantitative role of the cellular effecters of glucose metabolism in determining this insulin resistance is still imperfectly known. We assessed transmembrane glucose transport and intracellular glucose phosphorylation in vivo in skeletal muscle in nonobese NIDDM patients, We performed euglycemic insulin clamp studies in combination with the forearm balance technique (brachial artery and deep forearm vein catheterization) in five nonobese NIDDM patients and seven age- and weight-matched control subjects (study 1), D-Mannitol (a nontransportable molecule), 3-O-[C-14]methyl-D-glucose (transportable, but not metabolizable) and D[3-H-3]glucose (transportable and metabolizable) were simultaneously injected into the brachial artery, and the washout curves were measured in the deep venous effluent blood, In vivo rates of transmembrane transport and intracellular phosphorylation of D-glucose in forearm muscle were determined by analyzing the washout curves with the aid of a multicompartmental model of glucose kinetics in forearm tissues, At similar steady-state concentrations of plasma insulin (similar to 500 pmol/l) and glucose (similar to 5.0 mmol/l), the rates of transmembrane influx (34.3 +/- 9.1 vs. 58.5 +/- 6.5 mu mol . min(-1). kg(-1), P &lt; 0.05) and intracellular phosphorylation (5.4 +/- 1.6 vs, 38.8 +/- 5.1 mu mol . min(-1). kg(-1), P &lt; 0.01) in skeletal muscle were markedly lower in the NIDDM patients than in the control subjects, In the NIDDM patients (study 2), the insulin clamp was repeated at hyperglycemia (similar to 13 mmol/l) trying to match the rates of transmembrane glucose influx measured during the clamp in the controls, The rate of transmembrane glucose influx (62 +/- 15 mu mol . min(-1). kg(-1)) in the NIDDM patients was similar to the control subjects, but the rate of intracellular glucose phosphorylation (16.6 +/- 7.5 mu mol . min(-1). kg(-1)), although threefold higher than in the patients during study 1 (P &lt; 0.05), was still similar to 60% lower than in the control subjects (P &lt; 0.05), These data suggest that when assessed in vivo, both transmembrane transport and intracellular phosphorylation of glucose are refractory to insulin action and add to each other in determining insulin resistance in skeletal muscle of NIDDM patients, It will be of interest to compare the present results with the in vivo quantitation of the initial rate of muscle glucose transport when methodology to perform this measurement becomes available.
Comment on "hot-hole-induced negative oxide charges in n-MOSFETs" [with reply] (1996)

For the original article see ibid., vol. 42, p. 1473 (1995). The commenters state that a clear proof of the generation of electron traps under hot-hole injections and a clear distinction from the effect of stress-induced interface states have been given by them in a paper (see ibid., vol. 40, p. 773, 1993) previous to the work reported by Weber et al. Also, the consequences of the creation of these defects in AC lifetime predictions have been extensively discussed by Mistry and Doyle (see ibid., vol. 40, p.96, 1993 and IEEE Electron Device Lett., vol. 12, p. 492, 1991). Detrapping experiments extensively used by Weber et al. are another independent evidence of such a creation of electron traps by hot-hole injections in n-MOSFET's, and the suggestion of new data acquisition to take into account the effects of such electron traps in the determination of lifetimes is a key point to further development, especially as far as operating conditions of analog CMOS circuits are considered. In reply the authors remark that the paper by Vuillaume et al. was inadvertently left off the reference list as they were unaware of its existence and as the paper is certainly relevant to the issue being discussed, it should have been included in the reference list. Also the authors give several arguments why they believe that their technique using time-dependent changes in the multiplication factor M is superior to either charge pumping or floating gate measurements for differentiating between the two types of negative charge created by hot-hole injection: interface traps and oxide traps.
Monolingual Machine Translation for Paraphrase Generation (2004)

We apply statistical machine translation (SMT) tools to generate novel paraphrases of input sentences in the same language. The system is trained on large volumes of sentence pairs automatically extracted from clustered news articles available on the World Wide Web. Alignment Error Rate (AER) is measured to gauge the quality of the resulting corpus. A monotone phrasal decoder generates contextual replacements. Human evaluation shows that this system outperforms baseline paraphrase generation techniques and, in a departure from previ-ous work, offers better coverage and scal-ability than the current best-of-breed paraphrasing approaches. 1
Insights into the activation mechanism of class I HDAC complexes by inositol phosphates (2016)

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) 1, 2 and 3 form the catalytic subunit of several large transcriptional repression complexes. Unexpectedly, the enzymatic activity of HDACs in these complexes has been shown to be regulated by inositol phosphates, which bind in a pocket sandwiched between the HDAC and co-repressor proteins. However, the actual mechanism of activation remains poorly understood. Here we have elucidated the stereochemical requirements for binding and activation by inositol phosphates, demonstrating that activation requires three adjacent phosphate groups and that other positions on the inositol ring can tolerate bulky substituents. We also demonstrate that there is allosteric communication between the inositol-binding site and the active site. The crystal structure of the HDAC1:MTA1 complex bound to a novel peptide-based inhibitor and to inositol hexaphosphate suggests a molecular basis of substrate recognition, and an entropically driven allosteric mechanism of activation.
Neuroattenuation of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus through Picornaviral Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (2013)

Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is potent and a highly promising agent for the treatment of cancer. However, translation of VSV oncolytic virotherapy into the clinic is being hindered by its inherent neurotoxicity. It has been demonstrated that selected picornaviral internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements possess restricted activity in neuronal tissues. We therefore sought to determine whether the picornavirus IRES could be engineered into VSV to attenuate its neuropathogenicity. We have used IRES elements from human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV2) and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to control the translation of the matrix gene (M), which plays a major role in VSV virulence. In vitro studies revealed slowed growth kinetics of IRES-controlled VSVs in most of the cell lines tested. However, in vivo studies explicitly demonstrated that IRES elements of HRV2 and FMDV severely attenuated the neurovirulence of VSV without perturbing its oncolytic potency.
Reconfigurable computing using content addressable memory for improved performance and resource usage (2008)

Conventional FPGA architectures leverage on the spatial computing model where the design to be realized is represented in the form of multi-input single-output lookup tables (LUTs). However, such a model incorporates a reconfigurable interconnect network which leads to significant design overhead and poor scalability with process technology. In this paper, we propose a multi-cycle Memory Based Computational methodology that utilizes Content Addressable Memory (CAM) as the underlying reconfigurable fabric. The use of CAM in the proposed framework leads to significant reduction in memory requirement compared to LUT-based approach. Simulation results for standard benchmark circuits indicate that the proposed CAM based implementation improves the memory requirement significantly compared to its LUT counterpart, at the cost of little or no degradation in performance.
Utilization of ancillary studies in the cytologic diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic lesions: The papanicolaou society of cytopathology guidelines for pancreatobiliary cytology (2014)

The Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology has developed a set of guidelines for pancreatobiliary cytology including indications for endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration, terminology and nomenclature of pancreatobiliary disease, ancillary testing, and post-biopsy management. All documents are based on the expertise of the authors, a review of the literature, discussions of the draft document at several national and international meetings, and synthesis of selected online comments of the draft document. This document presents the results of these discussions regarding the use of ancillary testing in the cytologic diagnosis of biliary and pancreatic lesions. Currently, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) appears to be the most clinically relevant ancillary technique for cytology of bile duct strictures. The addition of FISH analysis to routine cytologic evaluation appears to yield the highest sensitivity without loss in specificity. Loss of immunohistochemical staining for the protein product of the SMAD4 gene and positive staining for mesothelin support a diagnosis of ductal adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemical markers for endocrine and exocrine differentiation are sufficient for a diagnosis of endocrine and acinar tumors. Nuclear staining for beta-catenin supports a diagnosis of solid-pseudopapilary neoplasm. Cyst fluid analysis for amylase and carcinoembryonic antigen aids in the preoperative classification of pancreatic cysts. Many gene mutations (KRAS, GNAS, VHL, RNF43, and CTNNB1) may be of aid in the diagnosis of cystic neoplasms. Other ancillary techniques do not appear to improve diagnostic sensitivity sufficiently to justify their increased costs.
Interpolant based Decision Procedure for Quantifier-Free Presburger Arithmetic (2007)

Recently, off-the-shelf Boolean SAT solvers have been used to construct ground decision procedures for various theories, including Quantifier-Free Presburger (QFP) arithmetic. One such approach (often called the eager approach) is based on a satisfia