gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical imaging of transient acoustic fields generated by piezocomposite transducers (1995)

Transient surface displacements of 1-3 piezocomposite transducers are measured and their correlative effects on the diffraction of the transmitted pulses are studied. The displacements of the surface of a 210 /spl mu/m pitch piezocomposite are probed with a heterodyne, optical interferometer. An animate sequence is then built from the stored transient displacements so that each frame shows the instantaneous state of the surface of the piezocomposite. Such an animation proves to be a powerful analysing tool which provides a real insight into the piezocomposite's impulse behavior. Finally, the ultrasonic field transmitted in water and measured by the same optical probe is compared with simulations based on the diffraction impulse theory. The results of that comparison clearly show that, as far as diffraction is concerned, a piezocomposite transducer behaves like a homogeneous material.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Anabolic Response to Dietary Protein Is Not Limited by the Maximal Stimulation of Protein Synthesis in Healthy Older Adults: A Randomized Crossover Trial (2020)

We have recently demonstrated in young adults that an anabolic response with mixed meal protein intake above ~35 g/meal, previously recognized as an "optimal" protein dose, was further stimulated. However, it is unknown if this applies to older adults. We therefore examined anabolic response to a mixed meal containing either 35 g (MOD, moderate amount of protein) or 70 g (HIGH, high amount of protein) in a randomized cross-over metabolic study in older adults (<i>n</i> = 8). Primed continuous infusions of L-[<sup>2</sup>H<sub>5</sub>] phenylalanine and L-[<sup>2</sup>H<sub>2</sub>]tyrosine were performed to determine whole-body protein kinetics and muscle protein fractional synthesis rate (MPS) in basal fasted and fed states. Whole-body protein kinetics (NB, net protein balance; PS, protein synthesis; PB, protein breakdown) and MPS was expressed as changes from the baseline post-absorptive state. Consistent with our previous findings in young adults, both feedings resulted in a positive NB, with HIGH being more positive than MOD. Furthermore, NB (expressed as g protein∙240 min) increased linearly with an increasing amount of protein intake, expressed relative to lean body mass. The positive NB was achieved due mainly to the suppression of PB in both MOD and to a greater extent HIGH, while PS was only increased in HIGH. Consistent with the whole-body data, MPS was significantly higher in HIGH than MOD. Plasma concentrations of essential amino acids and insulin were greater in HIGH vs. MOD. We conclude that in the context of mixed meals, whole-body anabolic response linearly increases with increasing protein intake primarily through the suppression of PB, and MPS was further stimulated with protein intake above the previously considered "optimal" protein dose in older adults.
The interplay between emitter conformality and field‐effect passivation in pyramid structured silicon solar devices (2020)

Abstract Light management in crystalline silicon solar cells has conventionally been achieved by random micropyramid texturing but other non‐conventional surface texturing methods, such as diffraction gratings, have also attracted attention with the objective of attaining near‐ideal light trapping. Unlike previous investigations on the subject in which the focus was predominantly to minimize optical losses, we report on surface passivation difference between the micron and nanoscale pyramid textures. From simulations, we find that the conformality of thermally diffused emitters is impacted by downsizing the pyramid texture to the light wavelength scale, which, in turn, affects the field‐effect passivation of the resulting homojunction. The investigation reveals that, for a conformal junction, the field‐effect passivation is diminished due to the formation of weak electrical field zones beneath the pyramid vertices, which is usually the case when homojunction emitters are formed by thermal diffusion on micropyramid textured surfaces. In contrast, thermal diffusion in nanoscale pyramid textured surfaces typically leads to non‐conformal dopant profiles, resulting in flatter junctions and yielding stronger field passivation effect by preventing the formation of these weak electrical field zones. Experimentally, enhanced field‐effect passivation is indirectly observed in terms of improvement in the effective minority‐carrier lifetimes when substituting the standard micropyramid texturing by nanoscale pyramid gratings. At the device level, we demonstrate that the enhancement in the field‐effect passivation increases the open‐circuit voltage with respect to the micropyramid texture under the conditions of comparable chemical passivation and surface‐area increase.
Identification of a subset of pericytes that respond to combination therapy targeting PDGF and VEGF signaling (2007)

The aim of our study was to further explore the use of anti-angiogenic therapy targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) on endothelial cells while simultaneously targeting platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGFRs) on adjacent pericytes. B16 mouse melanoma tumors exogenously expressing PDGF-BB (B16/PDGF-BB) display higher pericyte coverage on the vasculature compared to the parental B16 tumors (B16/mock). These models were used to investigate the effects of combination therapy targeting VEGFR and PDGFR signaling on size-matched tumors. Combination therapy using 25 mg/kg/day of the VEGFR inhibitor PTK787 and 100 mg/kg/day of the PDGFR inhibitor STI571 decreased the tumor growth rate of both tumor types, but the inhibition was only significant in the B16/PDGF-BB tumors. Combination therapy induced vessel remodeling, primarily by reducing the vessel density in B16/mock tumors, and by reducing the vessel size in B16/PDGF-BB tumors. When analyzing the effects of combination therapy on tumor vessel pericytes, it was found to primarily reduce the subpopulation of alpha-smooth muscle actin and PDGFRbeta-positive pericytes partly detached from the tumor vessels, without affecting the number of pericytes closely attached to the endothelium, which also express desmin. Taken together, these data demonstrate an increased benefit of targeting both VEGFR and PDGFR pathways in B16/PDGF-BB tumors, and demonstrates that the increased tumor growth inhibition in this model is accompanied by a reduction in a specific subset of pericytes, characterized by being loosely attached to endothelial cells and negative for the pericyte marker desmin.
Seed-specific expression of a bacterial desensitized aspartate kinase increases the production of seed threonine and methionine in transgenic tobacco (1993)

In order to study the regulation of threonine and methionine synthesis in plant seeds, tobacco plants were transformed with a chimeric gene containing the coding DNA sequence of a mutant lysC gene from Escherichia coli fused to a promoter from a phaseolin seed storage protein gene. The bacterial mutant lysC gene codes for aspartate kinase (AK) which is desensitized to feedback inhibition by lysine and threonine. Increased AK activity, compared with control non-transformed plants, was detected in seeds but not in leaves, roots and flowers of the transgenic plants. This expression was accompanied by a significant increase in the levels of free threonine and methionine in the seed. The level of these amino acids also correlated positively with the levels of the bacterial enzyme. No alteration in plant phenotype and ‘average seed weight’ was observed in any of the transgenic plants, indicating that plant growth and seed development were normal. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that the threonine and methionine biosynthetic pathways are active in plant seeds. Thus, targeting of the production of favorable biosynthetic enzymes to plant seeds may represent a desirable molecular approach for production of crop plants with a more balanced nutritional quality.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Chk2 Phosphorylation of Survivin-ΔEx3 Contributes to a DNA Damage–Sensing Checkpoint in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 93K, Multiparametric flow cytometry detection of GammaH2AX reactivity. HCT116 cells were transfected with vector, WT survivin (SVV), survivin-DeltaEx3 or Chk2 phosphorylation-defective survivin-DeltaEx3-Mut3 cDNA, treated with etoposide (A) or camptothecin (B), and analyzed after 16 h for GammaH2AX (y-axis) and PI (x-axis) staining by multiparametric flow cytometry. In panel A, numbers in parenthesis correspond to GammaH2AX fluorescence units after background subtraction.&lt;/p&gt;
Peptide Deformylase as an Antibacterial Drug Target: Assays for Detection of Its Inhibition in Escherichia coli Cell Homogenates and Intact Cells (2001)

An assay was developed to determine the activity of peptide deformylase (PDF) inhibitors under conditions as close as possible to the physiological situation. The assay principle is the detection of N-terminal [35S]methionine labeling of a protein that contains no internal methionine. If PDF is active, the deformylation of the methionine renders the peptide a substrate for methionine aminopeptidase, resulting in the removal of the N-terminal methionine label. In the presence of a PDF inhibitor, the deformylation is blocked so that the N-formylated peptide is not processed and the label is detected. Using this assay, it is possible to determine the PDF activity under near-physiological conditions in a cell-free transcription-translation system as well as in intact bacterial cells.
Crystal structure of La Cu O S1-x Sex oxychalcogenides (2002)

Solid solutions of LaCuOS1-xSex oxychalcogenides were prepared by solid-statereaction. The crystal structure of the solid solutions was refined by the Rietveldanalysis. The Rietveld analysis revealed that S or Se ions dissolve completely in thesystem of LaCuOS-LaCuOSe. The crystal structure remains almost unchanged amongthe solid solutions except for a slight variation in the lattice constants. A difference inionic radius between S and Se ions is responsible for the variation in the latticeconstants. Long interatomic distances between La and S/Se estimated from the refinedstructure supported that the crystal structure of LaCuOS1-xSex can be visualized as alayered structure composed of La-O and Cu-S/Cu-Se layers.
A Symbolic and Connectionist Approach To Legal Information Retrieval (2013)

Many existing information retrieval (IR) systems are surprisingly ineffective at finding documents relevant to particular topics. Traditional systems are extremely brittle, failing to retrieve relevant documents unless the user's exact search string is found. They support only the most primitive trial-and-error interaction with their users and are also static. Even systems with so-called "relevance feedback" are incapable of learning from experience with users. SCALIR (a Symbolic and Connectionist Approach to Legal Information Retrieval) -- a system for assisting research on copyright law -- has been designed to address these problems. By using a hybrid of symbolic and connectionist artificial intelligence techniques, SCALIR develops a conceptual representation of document relationships without explicit knowledge engineering. SCALIR's direct manipulation interface encourages users to browse through the space of documents. It then uses these browsing patterns to improve its performance by modifying its representation, resulting in a communal repository of expertise for all of its users. SCALIR's representational scheme also mirrors the hybrid nature of the Anglo-American legal system. While certain legal concepts are precise and rule-like, others -- which legal scholars call "open-textured" -- are subject to interpretation. The meaning of legal text is established through the parallel and distributed precedence-based judicial appeal system. SCALIR represents documents and terms as nodes in a network, capturing the duality of the legal system by using symbolic (semantic network) and connectionist links. The former correspond to a priori knowledge such as the fact that one case overturned another on appeal. The latter correspond to statistical inferences such as the relevance of a term describing a case. SCALIR's text corpus includes all federal cases on copyright law. The hybrid representation also suggests a way to resolve the apparent incompatibility between the two prominent paradigms in artificial intelligence, the "classical" symbol-manipulation approach and the neurally-inspired connectionist approach. Part of the book focuses on a characterization of the two paradigms and an investigation of when and how -- as in the legal research domain -- they can be effectively combined.
Moving gradients (2009)

We describe a method for plausible interpolation of images, with a wide range of applications like temporal up-sampling for smooth playback of lower frame rate video, smooth view interpolation, and animation of still images. The method is based on the intuitive idea, that a given pixel in the interpolated frames traces out a path in the source images. Therefore, we simply move and copy pixel gradients from the input images along this path. A key innovation is to allow arbitrary (asymmetric) transition points, where the path moves from one image to the other. This flexible transition preserves the frequency content of the originals without ghosting or blurring, and maintains temporal coherence. Perhaps most importantly, our framework makes occlusion handling particularly simple. The transition points allow for matches away from the occluded regions, at any suitable point along the path. Indeed, occlusions do not need to be handled explicitly at all in our initial graph-cut optimization. Moreover, a simple comparison of computed path lengths after the optimization, allows us to robustly identify occluded regions, and compute the most plausible interpolation in those areas. Finally, we show that significant improvements are obtained by moving gradients and using Poisson reconstruction.
Effects of the antiferromagnetic spin structure on antiferromagnetically induced perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (2017)

Antiferromagnetic (AFM) thin films are promising materials for inducing perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in adjacent ferromagnetic (FM) films. This study demonstrates that in a selected AFM spin structure with out-of-plane uncompensated moments, the magnitude of the induced PMA in its neighboring Co/Ni film could be significantly enhanced by the establishment of a collinearlike exchange interaction between the volume moments of the AFM film and the perpendicular magnetic FM film. Detailed magnetic hysteresis loops and x-ray analysis revealed a quench of perpendicular surface anisotropy in a monolayered ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{50}/\mathrm{Co}/\mathrm{Ni}$ film due to the formation of antiparallel-like coupled Fe and Mn moments. By contrast, the establishment of a three-dimensional quadratic-type AFM spin structure of an ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{50}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{50}$ film triggered parallel-like out-of-plane uncompensated Fe and Mn moments at the interface and reinforced the PMA induced in the Co/Ni film.
Rapid Spontaneous Resolution of an Acute Subdural Hematoma (1986)

A patient is reported who had spontaneous resolution of an acute traumatic subdural hematoma within 6 hours. In this period, clinical signs improved and computed tomography suggested disappearance of the hematoma. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no real disappearance, but rather a redistribution of the blood. A rapid resolution like this has not been observed previously in the natural history of acute subdural hematoma.
InAs SELF-ORGANIZED QUANTUM DOTS GROWN BY MOLECULAR BEAM EPITAXY USING A "NUCLEATION-AUGMENTED" METHOD (2005)

Photoluminescence (PL) measurements performed in a series of InAs self-assembled quantum dot (QD) structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on GaAs (100) substrates using a two-stage "nucleation-augmented" growth method show that an InAs QD "nucleation" layer grown at a fast growth rate, followed by a slowly grown InAs "augmented" layer, dramatically increases the dot density and improves the PL intensity. Besides red-shift in peak wavelength, the PL intensity was found to increase as the growth rate of the InAs augmented layer was reduced. The increased PL intensity was due to a higher dot density arising from the nucleation layer and an improved optical quality caused by the growth interruption in the augmented layer.
Rangeability extension of fiber-optic low-coherence measurement based on cascaded multistage fiber delay line (2012)

We demonstrate a simple method to extend the measurable fiber length with a fiber-optic low-coherence technique. This method is based on a cascaded structure of multistage fiber delay line laid in one arm of the low-coherence technique. By choosing different individual stages in the cascaded fiber delay line, the length of the fiber under test can be continuously measured with a different measurement range. The measurement range of 0.81 km and spatial resolution of 60 μm are successfully realized.
A Phase II Trial of Dovitinib in BCG-Unresponsive Urothelial Carcinoma with FGFR3 Mutations or Overexpression: Hoosier Cancer Research Network Trial HCRN 12-157 (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> To assess the clinical and pharmacodynamic activity of dovitinib in a treatment-resistant, molecularly enriched non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (NMIUC) population.<b>Experimental Design:</b> A multi-site pilot phase II trial was conducted. Key eligibility criteria included the following: Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive NMIUC (<u>></u>2 prior intravesical regimens) with increased phosphorylated FGFR3 (pFGFR3) expression by centrally analyzed immunohistochemistry (IHC+) or <i>FGFR3</i> mutations (Mut+) assessed in a CLIA-licensed laboratory. Patients received oral dovitinib 500 mg daily (5 days on/2 days off). The primary endpoint was 6-month TURBT-confirmed complete response (CR) rate.<b>Results:</b> Between 11/2013 and 10/2014, 13 patients enrolled (10 IHC+ Mut-, 3 IHC+ Mut+). Accrual ended prematurely due to cessation of dovitinib clinical development. Demographics included the following: median age 70 years; 85% male; carcinoma <i>in situ</i> (CIS; 3 patients), Ta/T1 (8 patients), and Ta/T1 + CIS (2 patients); median prior regimens 3. Toxicity was frequent with all patients experiencing at least one grade 3-4 event. Six-month CR rate was 8% (0% in IHC+ Mut-; 33% in IHC+ Mut+). The primary endpoint was not met. Pharmacodynamically active (94-5,812 nmol/L) dovitinib concentrations in urothelial tissue were observed in all evaluable patients. Reductions in pFGFR3 IHC staining were observed post-dovitinib treatment.<b>Conclusions:</b> Dovitinib consistently achieved biologically active concentrations within the urothelium and demonstrated pharmacodynamic pFGFR3 inhibition. These results support systemic administration as a viable approach to clinical trials in patients with NMIUC. Long-term dovitinib administration was not feasible due to frequent toxicity. Absent clinical activity suggests that patient selection by pFGFR3 IHC alone does not enrich for response to FGFR3 kinase inhibitors in urothelial carcinoma. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3003-11. ©2016 AACR</i>.
The Probability and Chromosomal Extent of trans-specific Polymorphism (2004)

Balancing selection may result in trans-specific polymorphism: the maintenance of allelic classes that transcend species boundaries by virtue of being more ancient than the species themselves. At the selected site, gene genealogies are expected not to reflect the species tree. Because of linkage, the same will be true for part of the surrounding chromosomal region. Here we obtain various approximations for the distribution of the length of this region and discuss the practical implications of our results. Our main finding is that the trans-specific region surrounding a single-locus balanced polymorphism is expected to be quite short, probably too short to be readily detectable. Thus lack of obvious trans-specific polymorphism should not be taken as evidence against balancing selection. When trans-specific polymorphism is obvious, on the other hand, it may be reasonable to argue that selection must be acting on multiple sites or that recombination is suppressed in the surrounding region.
HG-113RADIOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA (DIPG) SURVIVING ONE YEAR POST-DIAGNOSIS (2016)

BACKGROUND: DIPG remains a terminal diagnosis. Many centers are reporting patients surviving greater than a year post-diagnosis as novel treatments and modalities are developed. METHODS: We identified all patients treated 2000 -present who met the following criteria: DIPG, alive one year after Overall survival
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson produced in association with top quarks and decaying into $$\varvec{b\bar{b}}$$ b b ¯ in $$\varvec{pp}$$ p p collisions at $$\sqrt{\mathbf{s}}= \varvec{8{{\,\mathrm TeV}}}$$ s = 8 T e V with the ATLAS detector (2015)

A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson produced in association with a top-quark pair, [Formula: see text], is presented. The analysis uses 20.3 fb<sup>-1</sup> of <i>pp</i> collision data at [Formula: see text], collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider during 2012. The search is designed for the [Formula: see text] decay mode and uses events containing one or two electrons or muons. In order to improve the sensitivity of the search, events are categorised according to their jet and <i>b</i>-tagged jet multiplicities. A neural network is used to discriminate between signal and background events, the latter being dominated by [Formula: see text]+jets production. In the single-lepton channel, variables calculated using a matrix element method are included as inputs to the neural network to improve discrimination of the irreducible [Formula: see text] background. No significant excess of events above the background expectation is found and an observed (expected) limit of 3.4 (2.2) times the Standard Model cross section is obtained at 95 % confidence level. The ratio of the measured [Formula: see text] signal cross section to the Standard Model expectation is found to be [Formula: see text] assuming a Higgs boson mass of 125[Formula: see text].
Fundamental characterization of stochastic variation for improved single-expose EUV patterning at aggressive pitch (2020)

With aggressive scaling of single-expose EUV lithography to the sub-7 nm node, stochastic variations play a prominent role in defining the lithographic process window. Fluctuations in photon shot noise, absorption and subsequent chemical reactions can lead to stochastic failure, directly impacting electrical yield. Fundamental characterization of the mode and magnitude of these variations is required to define the threshold for failure. In this work, a complementary series of techniques is enlisted to probe the nature and modulation of stochastic variation in single exposure EUV patterning. Unbiased line edge roughness (LER), local critical dimension uniformity (LCDU) and defect inspection techniques are employed to monitor the frequency of stochastic variations leading to failures in line/space and via patterning. Using this methodology, we explore the modulation of stochastic variations by different photoresists and illuminations, with emphasis on material and process down-selection for improved yield at the sub-7 nm node.