gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Boosting ION/IOFF Ratio in Ultimate Sub-Decananometer Transistors: The Case of FDSOI Multi-gate MOSFETs and Multi-barrier Enhanced Gate Modulated Resonant Tunneling-FETs (2011)

Using efficient NEGF methods, we explore and optimize here ION/IOFF ratios and slope characteristics of ultra scaled nanotransistors. Those depend on the gate-to-channel coupling and carrier statistics that dictate the way carriers are made available to drive a current when increasing VG. We first investigate the gateto- channel coupling. Quantum effects and their impact on ultrascaled nanowires are enlightened when optimizing ION/IOFF ratios vs. the cross-section size in a 10nm nanowire. It is shown that an optimum cross-section of about 3x3 nm2 exist due to a trade-off between electrostatic and confinement. Also the fundamental limit of improving gate control by thinning gate oxide is shown and leads us to switch from EOT to the CET concept. As the density of state is about constant with VG in a standard transistor, when varying the gate voltage the current varies at a rate dictated by Fermi-Dirac statistics only. In order to further increase ION/IOFF ratios, we propose a new device concept, the gate-modulated resonant tunneling FET (RT-FET), that uses a multi-barrier gate controlled architecture to render this DoS non-constant with VG.
[Relevance of lipoprotein cholesterol levels measured by HPLC method to appearance midband on electrophoresis and remnant-like particle (RLP)-cholesterol levels]. (2004)

We have recently developed an HPLC method able to separate five lipoproteins (HDL, LDL, IDL, VLDL and chylomicron) followed by cholesterol measurement on each lipoprotein. As an application of this method, this study focused on analyses of triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins, one of risk factor for atherosclerosis. The appearance of midband on electrophoresis is conceivably implicated in atherogenesis. The present study revealed that cholesterol levels in VLDL, IDL and LDL were significantly higher in midband-positive sera than negative sera. Cholesterol levels in remnant-like proteins, another atherogenic indicator, were significantly related to those in VLDL and Chylomicron measured by the present HPLC method. In conclusion, this novel HPLC method can provide valuable information for analyses on TG-rich lipoproteins.
Liquid cooled data center design selection (2023)

Input data, specifying aspects of a thermal design of a liquid cooled data center, is obtained. The input data includes data indicative of ambient outdoor temperature for a location of the data center; and/or data representing workload power dissipation for the data center. The input data is evaluated to obtain performance of the data center thermal design. The performance includes cooling energy usage; and/or one pertinent temperature associated with the data center. The performance of the data center thermal design is output.
13q14 deletions in CLL involve cooperating tumor suppressors (2010)

B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common human leukemia. 13q14 deletions are most common chromosomal alterations in CLL. We previously reported that miR-15/16 is a target of 13q14 deletions and plays a tumor suppressor role by targeting BCL2. Because DLEU7 is located near miR-15/16 and is also positioned within a minimal deleted region, we investigated whether DLEU7 could also play a tumor suppressor role. Recent studies of transgenic mouse models demonstrated the importance of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway in CLL. To examine the possible role of DLEU7 in CLL, we investigated the effect of DLEU7 expression on NF-kappaB and nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activity. We found that DLEU7 functions as a potent NF-kappaB and NFAT inhibitor by physically interacting and inhibiting TACI and BCMA, members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family involved in B-CLL. In addition, DLEU7 expression in A549 lung cancer cells resulted in a decrease in S phase and increased apoptosis. The results suggest that loss of DLEU7 may cooperate with the loss of miR-15/16 in the pathogenesis of CLL.
Molecular insights into antibody-mediated protection against the prototypic simian immunodeficiency virus (2022)

SIVmac239 infection of macaques is a favored model of human HIV infection. However, the SIVmac239 envelope (Env) trimer structure, glycan occupancy, and the targets and ability of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) to protect against SIVmac239 remain unknown. Here, we report the isolation of SIVmac239 nAbs that recognize a glycan hole and the V1/V4 loop. A high-resolution structure of a SIVmac239 Env trimer-nAb complex shows many similarities to HIV and SIVcpz Envs, but with distinct V4 features and an extended V1 loop. Moreover, SIVmac239 Env has a higher glycan shield density than HIV Env that may contribute to poor or delayed nAb responses in SIVmac239-infected macaques. Passive transfer of a nAb protects macaques from repeated intravenous SIVmac239 challenge at serum titers comparable to those described for protection of humans against HIV infection. Our results provide structural insights for vaccine design and shed light on antibody-mediated protection in the SIV model.
With an antibody whose duty's double, a step towards ending asthma trouble? (2013)

Asthma is a debilitating chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that results in shortness of breath, wheezing and coughing, often triggered by inhalation of common allergens. The prevalence and severity of asthma has increased dramatically over the last several decades to the point where several hundred million people worldwide are affected and each year tens of thousands of individuals die prematurely from asthma symptoms. The rise in disease prevalence is particularly evident in the developed world, where childhood exposure to bacteria and viruses has decreased dramatically, while the use of antibiotics, especially early in life, and births by Caesarean section have increased significantly; correlations that support the hygiene hypothesis. Central to the pathogenesis of asthma are the roles of TH2-type cytokines, including IL (interleukin)-4, IL-5, IL-9 and IL-13, in stimulating and perpetuating an inflammatory cascade that drives detrimental changes in airway structure and function. IL-4 and IL-13, in particular, have been targets of therapeutic development because, together, they specifically promote nearly all of the clinical features of asthma. Their inflammatory functions are highly complementary, but not identical, in large part because they share cell-surface receptors and transcription factors through which they stimulate cell signalling. In this issue of the Biochemical Journal, Redpath et al. have taken advantage of the shared receptor nature of the IL-4- and IL-13-mediated inflammatory responses to generate a novel antibody to the third ectodomain (D3) of IL-13Rα1 (IL-13 receptor α1), which forms a requisite binding site for both interleukins. This antibody potently neutralizes both IL-4 and IL-13 activities in vitro. Using X-ray crystallography complemented by molecular interaction and functional analyses, they clearly define its mechanism of dual cytokine neutralization as one of molecular mimicry of the interleukin-receptor interaction. Considering the complexity of the cytokine-mediated inflammatory cascade that defines asthma pathogenesis, such therapeutics that can effectively and simultaneously neutralize the actions of multiple cytokines and may play a significantly expanded role in the treatment and prevention of asthma in the future.
Vitronectin receptors in vascular disorders. (2002)

Various integrin antagonist candidates, including antibodies, cyclic peptides, peptidomimetics and non-peptides, have been clinically evaluated and have been shown to successfully modulate certain disease processes. The most advanced integrin antagonists in clinical development include intravenous platelet alphaIIb/beta3 integrin antagonists, leukocyte alpha4/beta1 integrin antagonists and vascular alpha v/beta3 antagonists. This review will focus on the key role of the alpha v integrin (alpha v/beta3 and alpha v/beta5) in vascular disorders, such as angiogenesis-mediated disorders and vascular restenosis.
Comparison of parametrization techniques for an electrical circuit model of Lithium-Sulfur batteries (2015)

Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) batteries are an emerging energy storage technology, which draw interest due to its high theoretical specific capacity (approx. 1675 Ah/kg) and theoretical energy density of almost 2600 Wh/kg. In order to analyse their dynamic behaviour and to determine their suitability for various commercial applications, battery performance models are needed. The development of such models represents a challenging task especially for Li-S batteries because this technology during their operation undergo several different chemical reactions, known as polysulfide shuttle. This paper focuses on the comparison of different parametrization methods of electrical circuit models (ECMs) for Li-S batteries. These methods are used to parametrize an ECM based on laboratory measurements performed on a Li-S pouch cell. Simulation results of ECMs are presented and compared against measurement values and the accuracy of parametrization methods are evaluated and compared.
Revisiting the Anionic Polymerization of Methyl Ethacrylate (2017)

Abstract Synthesis of poly(methyl ethacrylate), (PMEA), in tetrahydrofuran at −78 °C using anionic polymerization techniques results in high molar mass (&gt;30 kg mol −1 ), low dispersity (1.3), and high conversion (&gt;81%). The molar masses of a series of samples are consistent with values anticipated by the monomer‐to‐initiator ratio and conversion. These results represent a significant improvement to earlier reported attempts to prepare PMEA using anionic methods. Successful diblock polymerization of polystyrene‐ block ‐PMEA, (PS‐PMEA), and poly(4‐ tert ‐butylstyrene)‐ block ‐PMEA, (PtBS‐PMEA), is achieved through sequential anionic polymerization techniques with dispersities as low as 1.06 and segment molar fractions close to those targeted. Broad principal scattering peaks observed by small‐angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) for symmetric PS‐PMEA at relatively high molar mass (39 kg mol −1 ) suggests an effective interaction parameter (χ eff ) that is smaller than for PS‐ block ‐poly(methyl methacrylate). On the other hand, PtBS‐PMEA block polymers form a well‐ordered morphology based on SAXS measurements and is attributable to the more hydrophobic PtBS segment. These results confirm the viability of PMEA as a new constituent in the expanding suite of polymers suitable for preparing nanostructured block polymers.
Energy Savings for Quick Service Restaurants (2011)

Journal article describing PNNL's work to accomplish a 50% reduction in energy use for quick service restaurants.
Stepped Changes of Monovalent Ligand-binding Force during Ligand-induced Clustering of Integrin αIIBβ3 (2006)

Recent evidence demonstrated that conformational changes of the integrin during receptor activation affected its binding to extracellular matrix; however, experimental assessment of ligand-receptor binding following the initial molecular interaction has rarely been carried out at a single-molecule resolution. In the present study, laser tweezers were used to measure the binding force exerted by a live Chinese hamster ovary cell that expressed integrin alphaIIb beta3 (CHO alphaIIb beta3), to the bead carrier coated with the snake venom rhodostomin that served as an activated ligand for integrin alphaIIb beta3. A progressive increase of total binding force over time was noticed when the bead interacted with the CHO alphaIIb beta3 cell; such an increase was due mainly to the recruitment of more integrin molecules to the bead-cell interface. When the binding strength exerted by a single ligand-receptor pair was derived from the "polyvalent" measurements, surprisingly, a stepped decrease of the "monovalent binding force" was noted (from 4.15 to 2.54 piconewtons (pN)); such decrease appeared to occur during the ligand-induced integrin clustering process. On the other hand, the mutant rhodostomin defective in clustering integrins exhibited only one (1.81 pN) unit binding strength.
Visible Mueller matrix spectropolarimetry (1997)

A Mueller matrix spectropolarimeter operating between 400- 900nm has been developed for optical element characterization at The University of Alabama in Huntsville. Mueller matrices are measured as a function of wavelength and the spectral behavior of the polarization properties can be determined. Measurements of an achromatic retarder in transmission, a reflective beamsplitter, and the electro- optic dispersion of a spatial light modulator will be presented.
Inhibition of Accelerated Graft Arteriosclerosis by Gene Transfer of Soluble Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor-1 in Rat Aortic Transplants (2004)

FGFs play a causal role in the development of accelerated graft arteriosclerosis in the rat aortic transplant model. Targeted interruption of FGF function could potentially reduce neointima formation in patients with heart and kidney transplants.
Image-plane speckle from rotating, rough objects (1985)

Time-varying laser speckle in the image plane is used to measure the shape and rotation rate of rotationally symmetric objects. The analysis is based on the space–time correlation function of the intensity in the image plane, which is derived from a geometrical model for the correlation function of the optical field in the object plane. The geometrical model is developed using the method of stationary phase. Experimental results obtained using a linear detector array located in the image plane are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Cyclopropanation Using Dioxaborolane Ligands (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparative study of design with application to engineering design (2005)

A recent exploratory study examines design processes across domains and compares them. This is achieved through a series of interdisciplinary, participative workshops. A systematic framework is used to collect data from expert witnesses who are practising designers across domains from engineering through architecture to product design and fashion, including film production, pharmaceutical drugs, food, packaging, graphics and multimedia and software. Similarities and differences across domains are described which indicate the types of comparative analysis we have been able to do from our data. The paper goes further and speculates on possible lessons for selected areas of engineering design which can be drawn from comparison with processes in other domains. As such this comparative design study offers the potential for improving engineering design processes. More generally it is a first step in creating a discipline of comparative design which aims to provide a new rich picture of design processes.
<title>How to extract topographic information from Magellan radar images</title> (1993)

NASA's project to map planet Venus in the Magellan mission has become a great success, resulting in an unprecedented set of radar images covering the entire planet, much of it with more than one image. While not part of the nominal mission plan and original NASA program, this data set has been demonstrated to support the extraction of detailed topographic data with accuracies in the range of perhaps +/- 200 m. We discuss in this paper the techniques which were used so far to obtain such data, and we support the proposal to use the Magellan image data set to develop a topographic elevation model of all areas covered by multiple images. This will not only result in topographic data, but also in a set of co-registered and ortho-rectified images which can be the basis of a unique and modern image data base and information system about the planet for use by future generations of planetary scientists.
Application of P/M Titanium in Substructure Manufacturing for Metal-ceramic Systems (2014)

Objective: Conventional manufacturing processes of commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) for metal- ceramic systems involve complicated and costly casting methods. Powder metallurgy (P/M) is a series of novel, simple and efficient manufacturing processes used in metal production. The objective of this study is to evaluate the mechanical and structural properties of hot vacuum pressed (HVP)/hot extruded (HE) CP Ti and compare them to conventional manufacturing processes for metal-ceramic systems. Method: Six HVP/HE CP Ti 99.4%, grain size <150μm, powder compacts were manufactured. Tensile testing according to ISO 22674_2008_25 was performed. Specimens were metallographically prepared, and micro-hardness, SEM, EDS and XDR analyses were conducted and results compared with literature data for cast CP Ti for metal-ceramic systems. Result: Tensile tests showed a mean value of proof strength of 0, 2% non-proportional extension (Rp0, 2) to be 589 MPa, Young modulus (E) 99 GPa and elongation after fracture (A) 11%. Data is comparable with ISO 22674_2008_25 type 4 metals intended for appliances with thin sections that are subject to very high forces. Micro-hardness testing showed a mean value of 167 HV 0, 1. Density was determined at 4.47 – 4.5 g.cm-3. SEM showed a compact structure with very little porosity (0.2- 0, 5%) and EDS and XDR analyses showed pure alpha-faze titanium. Conclusion: This research has shown that mechanical and structural properties of P/M HVP/HE CP Ti are comparable with commercial casting methods and can be considered for substructure manufacturing of metal-ceramic systems in prosthetic dentistry.
A C 18 Quaternary Ammonium Library (2016)

Abstract A library of precursor and functionally active quaternary ammonium cations (QACs) for use as corrosion resistant and or antimicrobial coatings, or alternatively as polymer modifiers, is described. High yielding and improved routes to a series of functionally terminated allyl ([(CH 2 =CH‐CH 2 ) m ‐N + (Me) n ‐C 18 H 37 ][X − ], 1 : m=1, n=2, X − =Br − , 3 : m=2, n=1, X − =I − , 4 : m=3, n=0, X − =Br − ) vinyl ([CH 2 =CHCH 2 CH 2 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Br − ] 5 ), hydroxy ([HO‐(CH 2 ) m ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Br − ], 6 : m=3, 7 : m=4), haloalkyl ([X 1 ‐(CH 2 ) 3 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][X − ] 8 : X 1 =Br, X=Br − , 9 : X 1 =Cl, X=I − ), dimethoxyphenethyl ([(MeO) 2 C 6 H 3 (CH 2 ) 2 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Br − ], 11 ), acetamido ([H 3 C(O)NH‐(CH 2 ) 3 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Cl − ], 12 ) cyano ([N≡C–CH 2 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Cl − ], 13 ), organocarbonylamino ([R‐C(O) 2 NH‐(CH 2 ) 3 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Br − ], 14 : R= t ‐Bu‐, 15 : R=PhCH 2 ‐), phthalimido ([PhthN‐(CH 2 ) 3 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Br − ], 16 ), amino ([H 2 N‐(CH 2 ) 3 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Br − ] 17 ), acetylthio ([HC(O)S‐(CH 2 ) 3 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Cl − ], 18 ), thiol ([HS‐(CH 2 ) 3 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ][Cl − ] 19 ), disulfa ([‐S‐(CH 2 ) 2 ‐N + Me 2 ‐C 18 H 37 ] 2 [Br − ] 2 , 20 ) C 18 QACs prepared by thermal and or microwave driven Menshutkin reactions are detailed. All new compounds were characterized by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS spectrometry and in the case of 1 and 6 by X‐ray crystallography.
Cell Multiprocessor Communication Network: Built for Speed (2006)

Multicore designs promise various power-performance and area-performance benefits. But inadequate design of the on-chip communication network can deprive applications of these benefits. To illuminate this important point in multicore processor design, the authors analyze the cell processor's communication network, using a series of benchmarks involving various DMA traffic patterns and synchronization protocols
Background data format optimization for efficient sub-word parallel program generation (2003)

This paper illustrates the strong interaction between background data format organization and foreground data in the context of speed and power efficient Sub-Word level Parallel (SWP) program generation. Such interaction, if not considered well, results in an (un)packing and reordering overhead that is typically required to match the format of data stored in memory and the one required by the subword parallel processing units. We propose a conceptual methodology to minimize this overhead. The approach is demonstrated on two real-life application kernels. A significant reduction in packing instruction overhead, data- (up to a factor 12) and instruction memory accesses (up to a factor 6) is obtained. 1
Supplementary Dataset For 'A Randomised Phase Iii Trial Of Carboplatin Compared With Docetaxel In Brca1/2 Mutated And Pre-Specified Triple Negative Breast Cancer "Brcaness" Subgroups: The Tnt Trial' (2018)

This dataset corresponds to the PAM50 gene expression profiling of primary tumour samples that were collected as part of the TNT clinical trial (ISRCTN97330959, NCT00532727, CRUK/07/012). NanoString® platform nCounter analysis was performed on the RNA extracts at the Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden Hospital. The manuscript describing the trial outcome is currently under review in Nature Medicine.
How Information Visualization Novices Construct Visualizations (2010)

It remains challenging for information visualization novices to rapidly construct visualizations during exploratory data analysis. We conducted an exploratory laboratory study in which information visualization novices explored fictitious sales data by communicating visualization specifications to a human mediator, who rapidly constructed the visualizations using commercial visualization software. We found that three activities were central to the iterative visualization construction process: data attribute selection, visual template selection, and visual mapping specification. The major barriers faced by the participants were translating questions into data attributes, designing visual mappings, and interpreting the visualizations. Partial specification was common, and the participants used simple heuristics and preferred visualizations they were already familiar with, such as bar, line and pie charts. We derived abstract models from our observations that describe barriers in the data exploration process and uncovered how information visualization novices think about visualization specifications. Our findings support the need for tools that suggest potential visualizations and support iterative refinement, that provide explanations and help with learning, and that are tightly integrated into tool support for the overall visual analytics process.
Transformation media that rotate electromagnetic fields (2007)

The authors suggest a way to manipulate electromagnetic waves by introducing a rotation mapping of coordinates that can be realized by a specific transformation of the permittivity and permeability of a shell surrounding an enclosed domain. Inside the enclosed domain, the information from the outside will appear as if it is coming from a different angle. Numerical simulations were performed to illustrate these properties.
Phoneme Recognition: Neural Networks vs. Hidden Markov Models (1988)

neme recognition which is characterized by two important properties: 1.) Using a 3 layer arrangement of simple computing units, it can rep-resent arbitrary nonlinear decision surfaces. The TDNN learns these decision surfaces automatically using error back-propagatioii[l]. 2.) he time-delay arrangement enables the network to discover acoustic-honetic features and the temporal relationships between them inde-endent of position in time and hence not blurred by temporal shifts in the input. For comparison, several discrete Hidden Markov Mod-els (HMM) were trained to perform the same task, i.e., the speaker-dependent recognition of the phonemes &amp;quot;B&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;D&amp;quot;, and &amp;quot;G &amp;quot; extracted We show that the TDNN &amp;quot;invented &amp;quot; well-known acoustic-phonetic to the same concept. 1