gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restorable mesh network design under demand uncertainty: toward "future proofed transport investments (2004)

We consider the span-restorable mesh capacity design problem where demand uncertainty is represented by a set of possible future scenarios. An integer program is formulated to study the tradeoff between initial network cost and robustness to uncertainty.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Tasquinimod Modulates Suppressive Myeloid Cells and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapies in Murine Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 6. The effect of tasquinimod on nitric oxide synthase activity in infiltrating myeloid cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of source decay in bioluminescence tomography: a phantom study (2009)

Recent studies in bioluminescence tomography have been mainly focusing on the ill-posedness and non-uniqueness nature of the problem. In this paper, we demonstrate the significance of the effect of bioluminescence source decay on the reconstruction results with both simulations and phantom studies. Time variation of the bioluminescence source can cause artifacts in the tomographic images. The results show that source dynamic information is pivotal for accurate reconstruction when the decay half-life is comparable to the duration of the data acquisition.
Human thymic epithelial cells produce IL-6, granulocyte-monocyte-CSF, and leukemia inhibitory factor. (1990)

The development of conditions for culturing normal human thymic epithelial (TE) cells free from contaminating stromal cells has allowed us to characterize a number of cytokines produced by TE cells. Using cDNA probes for human IL-6, granulocyte-monocyte-CSF, and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), we identified mRNA for these cytokines by RNA blot analysis of total RNA preparations derived from TE cells. We demonstrated that TE cells produced IL-6 transcripts and that TE cell culture supernatants contained IL-6 biologic activity, as determined by the ability to support proliferation of the T1165 plasmacytoma line. The 1.0-kilobase (kb) transcript of granulocyte-monocyte-CSF was also detected in TE cell-derived total RNA. TE cell culture supernatants contained LIF activity, as determined by proliferation of the murine cell line DA-1a, and a 4.0-kb LIF transcript was detected in TE cell-derived total RNA preparations. The 4.0-kb LIF transcript from TE cell-derived total RNA corresponded in size to the LIF transcripts in PMA-activated T lymphocytes. Thus, using biologic assays and RNA blot analysis, we demonstrated that cultured normal human TE cells produced both immunoregulatory cytokines and cytokines that drive various differentiation stages of human hematopoiesis. Our findings support the hypothesis that TE cells may play a role in providing cytokines that are important for the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells that migrate to the thymus during fetal and postnatal human thymic development.
Vive la radiorésistance!: converging research in radiobiology and biogerontology to enhance human radioresistance for deep space exploration and colonization (2018)

While many efforts have been made to pave the way toward human space colonization, little consideration has been given to the methods of protecting spacefarers against harsh cosmic and local radioactive environments and the high costs associated with protection from the deleterious physiological effects of exposure to high-Linear energy transfer (high-LET) radiation. Herein, we lay the foundations of a roadmap toward enhancing human radioresistance for the purposes of deep space colonization and exploration. We outline future research directions toward the goal of enhancing human radioresistance, including upregulation of endogenous repair and radioprotective mechanisms, possible leeways into gene therapy in order to enhance radioresistance via the translation of exogenous and engineered DNA repair and radioprotective mechanisms, the substitution of organic molecules with fortified isoforms, and methods of slowing metabolic activity while preserving cognitive function. We conclude by presenting the known associations between radioresistance and longevity, and articulating the position that enhancing human radioresistance is likely to extend the healthspan of human spacefarers as well.
Effect of stress on viral–bacterial synergy in bovine respiratory disease: novel mechanisms to regulate inflammation: Conference Papers (2005)

The severity of bovine respiratory infections has been linked to a variety of factors, including environmental and nutritional changes, transportation, and social reorganization of weaned calves. Fatal respiratory infections, however, usually occur when a primary viral infection compromises host defences and enhances the severity of a secondary bacterial infection. This viral–bacterial synergy can occur by a number of different mechanisms and disease challenge models have been developed to analyse host responses during these respiratory infections. A primary bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) respiratory infection followed by a secondary challenge with Mannheimia haemolytica results in fatal bovine respiratory disease (BRD) and host responses to these two pathogens have been studied extensively. We used this disease model to demonstrate that stress significantly altered the viral–bacterial synergy resulting in fatal BRD. Functional genomic analysis revealed that BHV-1 infection enhanced toll-like receptors (TLR) expression and increased pro-inflammatory responses which contribute to the severity of a Mannheimia haemolytica infection. TLRs play a critical role in detecting bacterial infections and inducing pro-inflammatory responses. It is difficult to understand, however, how stress-induced corticosteroids could enhance this form of viral–bacterial synergy. Nuclear translocation of the glucocorticoid receptor activates cell signalling pathways which inhibit both TLR signalling and pro-inflammatory responses. The apparent conundrum between stress-induced corticosteroids and enhanced BRD susceptibility is discussed in terms of present data and previous investigations of stress and respiratory disease. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic Relaxation Switch: Nanosensoren zur Bildgebung molekularer Prozesse mit MRT (2004)

Ziele: Bei der Magnetresonanztomographie (MRT) werden neben Gd-Chelaten Eisenoxid- Partikel als Kontrastmittel eingesetzt. Die Eigenschaft dieser Partikel bei gleicher Eisenkonzentration im aggregierten Zustand eine höhere Relaxation (R2) aufzuweisen als disperse Partikel (magnetic relaxation switch=MRS) kann für die molekulare Bildgebung genutzt werden. Durch Kopplung spezifischer Liganden an Eisenpartikel kann somit eine target-induzierte Aggregation und eine damit verbundene Reduktion des T2-Signals erreicht werden. Methode: An Eisenoxid-Nanopartikel wurden über stabile Thioether-Linker einsträngige DNA-Sequenzen zum Nachweis von Telomeraseaktivität sowie Telomerlänge, mRNA-Sequenzen (spezifisch für GFP) und Antikörper gegen die enzymatisch aktive Untereinheit der Telomerase (hTERT) oder gegen HSV-Hüllproteine gekoppelt. Die Messungen der T2-Änderungen in-vitro nach Inkubation dieser modifizierten Partikel mit den entsprechenden Targets erfolgten bei verschiedenen Feldstärken (0.47 bis 4.7T) mittels Multi-Echo SE-Sequenzen. Ergebnis: Nach Bindung der Partikel an die Targets kam es zu einem raschen Abfall der T2 innerhalb weniger Minuten. Die Amplitude der Änderung korrelierte mit der Konzentration des Targets sowie mit der Anzahl der and die Partikel gekoppelten Liganden. Durch die Nutzung von 384-well plates konnten hunderte bis tausende von Proben zeitgleich analysiert werden. Schlussfolgerung: Der MRS ermöglicht den spezifischen Nachweis und die rasche Quantifizierung von Molekülen (enzymatischer Funktionen, Proteinen, DNA, RNA) mit hoher Sensitivität (für DNA im attomol Bereich). Diese Technologie erlaubt die Entwicklung aktivierbarer Kontrastmittel für die MRT.
Origin of the performances degradation of two-dimensional-based metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors in the sub-10 nm regime: A first-principles study (2016)

The impact of the scaling of the channel length on the performances of metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors, based on two-dimensional (2D) channel materials, is theoretically investigated, using density functional theory combined with the non-equilibrium Green's function method. It is found that the scaling of the channel length below 10 nm leads to strong device performance degradations. Our simulations reveal that this degradation is essentially due to the tunneling current flowing between the source and the drain in these aggressively scaled devices. It is shown that this electron tunneling process is modulated by the effective mass of the 2D channel material, and sets the limit of the scaling in future transistor designs.
Effects of Temperature on Aggregate Local Structure in a Zinc-Neutralized Carboxylate Ionomer (2000)

The aggregate structure of a zinc-neutralized ionomer made from an ethylene−methacrylic acid copolymer was studied as a function of temperature using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. No gross changes in structure were found in the range 6−450 K, indicating that the aggregate structure remains basically unperturbed over this temperature range under quiescent (no-stress) conditions. Changes in EXAFS spectra were assigned to changes in mean-squared displacement with temperature as expected. At a temperature that corresponds roughly to the melting point of polyethylene, an extremely slight change in EXAFS spectra occurred which might be evidence of minor changes in average aggregate size. No evidence was found for any dramatic changes in structure such as an order−disorder transition or acid salt formation.
Linearizing intuitionistic implication (2002)

An embedding of the implicational propositional intuitionistic logic (IIL) into the nonmodal fragment of intuitionistic linear logic (IMALL) is given. The embedding preserves cut-free proofs in a proof system that is a variant of IIL. The embedding is efficient and provides an alternative proof of the PSPACE-hardness of IMALL. It exploits several proof-theoretic properties of intuitionistic implication that analyze the use of resources in IIL proofs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Exposure-Related Anxiety and Improving Patient Satisfaction with Medical Undergarments During Surgery (2022)

Therapeutic Level I . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Topologies for Future Automotive Generators – Part II: Optimization (2005)

For pt.I see ibid., p.819-30, (2005). This paper compares the relative suitability of four different alternator topologies for use in an advanced automobile electrical system. The four candidate topologies are: the salient-and non-salient-pole wound-field synchronous alternators, the Lundell alternator, and the homopolar inductor alternator. In part I, each of the four alternators was modeled. Relative power and efficiency were evaluated based on hand calculations. Part II involves a more accurate optimization of each of these alternators for cost, subject to constraints on output and efficiency. The performance of each machine is determined both with a conventional diode rectifier bridge and also with a switched-mode boost rectifier. Mechanical finite element analyses are performed to evaluate stresses. The most cost effective machines are compared based on size, weight, and inertia. The results reveal that the Lundell and salient-pole wound-field synchronous alternators are the most cost effective. Most surprising is the finding that the Lundell is capable of meeting the challenging next-generation requirements of power and efficiency while meeting the mechanical constraints set on the machines. Also noteworthy is the fact that the switched-mode boost rectifier gives a decrease in cost of more than 10% for each of the least expensive machines
Effect of Magnetic Coupling on Water Proton Relaxivity in a Series of Transition Metal GdIII Complexes (2018)

A fundamental challenge in the design of bioresponsive (or bioactivated) Gd<sup>III</sup>-based magnetic resonance (MR) imaging probes is the considerable background signal present in the "preactivated" state that arises from outer-sphere relaxation processes. When sufficient concentrations of a bioresponsive agent are present (i.e., a detectable signal in the image), the inner- and outer-sphere contributions to r<sub>1</sub> may be misinterpreted to conclude that the agent has been activated, when it has not. Of the several parameters that determine the observed MR signal of an agent, only the electron relaxation time ( T<sub>1e</sub>) impacts both the inner- and outer-sphere relaxation. Therefore, strategies to minimize this background signal must be developed to create a near zero-background (or truly "off" state) of the agent. Here, we demonstrate that intramolecular magnetic exchange coupling when Gd<sup>III</sup> is coupled to a paramagnetic transition metal provides a means to overcome the contribution of second- and outer-sphere contributions to the observed relaxivity. We have prepared a series of complexes with the general formula LMLn(μ-O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub>)(O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (M = Co, Cu, Zn). Solid-state magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal significant magnetic coupling between Gd<sup>III</sup> and the transition metal ion. Nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) analysis confirms that the observed differences in relaxivity are associated with the modulation of T<sub>1e</sub> at Gd<sup>III</sup>. These results clearly demonstrate that magnetic exchange coupling between Gd<sup>III</sup> and a transition metal ion can provide a significant decrease in T<sub>1e</sub> (and therefore the relaxivity of Gd<sup>III</sup>). This design strategy is being exploited to prepare new generations of preclinical bioresponsive MR imaging probes with near zero-background.
Assessment across the United States of the Benefits of Altered Soybean Drought Traits (2010)

A number of plant traits have been suggested to ameliorate the effects of water deficits on crop yield. A quantitative response across a range of years and location is needed because many traits that could be beneficial in dry years might also be detrimental in wet years. This analysis was undertaken using a robust simulation model of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] development and growth to quantify yield changes as a result of modification of five traits: rooting depth extension, rate of leaf area development, decreased stomata conductance at high soil water content, reduced maximum transpiration rate, and drought‐tolerant nitrogen fixation. Simulations were done for 50 yr of weather data for 2655 grid locations of 30 km by 30 km size in the United States. Slow rate of rooting development was a neutral or negative trait in most locations. Slow leaf area development proved beneficial in less than half the years and in wetter years it resulted in yield losses. Water conservation both by early decrease in stomata conductance with soil drying and by reducing the maximum transpiration rate resulted in yield increases in many locations in 70% or more of the years. Both traits resulted in only small yield decreases in the wet years. Drought‐tolerant nitrogen fixation had the greatest benefit of all traits with a yield gain in more than 85% of the years at nearly all locations, and in those cases with no yield increase there was only a very small yield loss.
2D QSAR Consensus Prediction for High-Throughput Virtual Screening. An Application to COX-2 Inhibition Modeling and Screening of the NCI Database (2003)

Using classification (SOM, LVQ, Binary, Decision Tree) and regression algorithms (PLS, BRANN, k-NN, Linear), this paper details the building of eight 2D-QSAR models from a 266 COX-2 inhibitor training set. The predictive performances of these eight models were subsequently compared using an 88 COX-2 inhibitor test set. Each ligand is described by 52 2D descriptors expressed as van der Waals Surface Areas (P_VSA) and its COX-2 binding IC50. One of our best predictive models is the neural network model (BRANN), which is able to select a subset, from the 88 ligand test set, that contains 94% COX-2 active inhibitors (pIC50>7.5) and detects 71% of all the actives. We then introduce a QSAR consensus prediction protocol that is shown to be more predictive than any single QSAR model: our C3 consensus approach is able to select a subset from the 88 ligand test set that contains 94% active inhibitors and 83% of all the actives. The 2D QSAR consensus protocol was finally applied to the high-throughput virtual screening of the NCI database, containing 193,477 organic compounds.
Novel approximations to the statistics of general cascaded Nakagami-m channels and their applications in performance analysis (2013)

A novel closed-form approximation is derived for the statistics of cascaded Nakagami-m channels with integer and half-integer m. The adopted approximation generalizes the prior results by incorporating cross-correlations between each pair of component channels. The approximative probability density function is constructed by an easily computable log-normal density and its associated orthogonal polynomials. The proposed approximation shows good agreement with numerical simulations under light fading condition and yields improved accuracy compared with the well-known lognormal distribution. To illustrate the usefulness of the derived result, we apply it in performance analysis involving the cascaded Nakagami-m channels.
Dual-wavelength Digital Holography for quantification of cell volume and integral refractive index (RI) (2011)

Quantitative Phase Imaging techniques such as DHM have emerged recently in life sciences and can be aimed at monitoring and quantifying non-invasively dynamic cellular processes modifying cell morphology and/or content. Concretely, the DHM phase signal depends on two cell parameters: cell thickness and integral refractive index. Consequently, due to its dual origin, the interpretation of the phase signal variations remain difficult. Since a net water flux across the cell membrane causes a variation of both parameters, the phase signal cannot be related directly to cellular RI or thickness variations, but must be understood as a coupled signal of these two parameters. We have developped a Dual-wavelength Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) setup to separately measure in a single shot fashion cellular thickness and integral RI of living cells. The method is based on the use of an absorbing dye that causes a high RI dispersion in the extracellular medium at the two recording wavelength. Consequently, the phase signals measured at the two wavelengths, differ significantly from each other. Practically, both cell RI and thickness can be univocally determined from the two phase measurements. Important biophysical parameters of living cells, including dry mass concentrations and water membrane permeability can be deduced.
Some Renal Masses Did Not “Read the Book”: A Case of a High Grade Hybrid Renal Tumor Masquerading as a Renal Cyst on Non-contrast Imaging (2015)

Hybrid renal tumors (HRT) are rare neoplasms that contain both benign and malignant components. Sporadic solitary HRT that contain high-grade malignant pathology appear to be extremely rare [1]. We describe a case at our institution of a tumor that was characterized as a type-2 papillary RCC and atypical oncocytoma hybrid that mimicked a simple cyst on non-contrast computed tomography.
Enantioselective Synthesis of All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereogenic Centers by Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Additions of Alkyl and Aryl Aluminum Reagents to Five‐, Six‐, and Seven‐Membered‐Ring β‐Substituted Cyclic Enones (2008)

Solution to pesky problems: Effective methods for catalytic asymmetric conjugate additions of alkyl and aryl aluminum reagents with unactivated β-substituted cyclopentenones are now available (see scheme). Transformations, promoted by chiral bidentate N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) copper complexes derived from 1, give rise to all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centers. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z802910_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Evaluation of Oximetry Measurement Accuracy of Multispectral Photoacoustic Imaging Systems Using a Dynamically Tunable Blood Flow Phantom (2018)

A blood flow phantom with tunable oxygen saturation (SO2) was developed as an oximetry performance test method for rapidly emerging photoacoustic imaging systems. Results highlight the importance of fluence corrections in improving SO2 measurement accuracy.
Charge Density Analysis of the (C−C)→Ti Agostic Interactions in a Titanacyclobutane Complex (2009)

The experimental electron density study of Ti(C(5)H(4)Me)(2)[(CH(2))(2)CMe(2)] provides direct evidence for the presence of (C-C)-->Ti agostic interactions. In accord with the model of Scherer and McGrady, the C(alpha)-C(beta) bond densities no longer show cylindrical symmetry in the vicinity of the Ti atom and differ markedly from those of the other C-C bonds. At the points along the C(alpha)-C(beta) bond where the deviation is maximal the electron density is elongated toward the metal center. The distortion is supported by parallel theoretical calculations. A calculation on an Mo complex in which the agostic interaction is absent supports the Scherer and McGrady criterion for agostic interactions. Despite the formal d(0) electron configuration for this Ti(IV) species, a significant nonzero population is observed for the d orbitals, the d orbital population is largest for the d(xy) orbital, the lobes of which point toward the two C(alpha) atoms. Of the three different basis sets for the Ti atom used in theoretical calculations with the B3LYP functional, only the 6-311++G** set for Ti agrees well with the experimental charge density distribution in the Ti-(C(alpha)-C(beta))(2) plane.
Synthesis and fungicidal activity againstPyricularia oryzaeof some heteroaryl thiophene carbamates (1999)

A series of novel 3-(5-cyanopentylcarbamoyloxy)-5-(heteroaryl)-thiophene-2-carboxylic acid ester and amide derivatives has been synthesised and tested for fungicidal activity against the rice blast pathogen Pyricularia oryzae. The highest levels of fungicidal activity were observed when the heteroaryl group comprised either a 2-pyridyl or 2-pyrazinyl group. Ester derivatives proved to be more active than amides, the highest activity being associated with esters derived from C6 and C7 alcohols. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry