gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial EOR -- Critical Aspects Learned From The Lab (2010)

DuPont and BP have been working together to develop Microbial EOR targeted at viscous oil in the Schrader Bluff formation on the North Slope of Alaska. The goal of this program was a 5% increase in the recovery factor. Mechanisms to be assessed in the original agreement included Viscosity reduction of the oil by transformation or degradation of heavy components in the oil – thus improving the oil – water mobility ratio.Drastic reduction (to ~<0.01 dynes/cm) in the interfacial tension between water and the oilAfter extensive fundamental research we have learned many critical aspects of microbial EOR that made the application of these two mechanisms to the Schrader Bluff formation impractical. Instead, we have demonstrated two site appropriate mechanisms that achieved, in the lab, the targeted increase in the recovery factor. Improved flow conformance and increased sweep efficiency by preferential plugging of high permeable zones thereby forcing water to produce oil from previously unswept parts of the reservoir.Reduced oil / rock surface tension and a subsequent reduction in the oil
Improvement Of Overlay Accuracy In SR Lithography For Gigabit-Scale Dram Fabrication (1998)

Synchrotron radiation (SR) lithography is expected as a next lithography techniques for the fabrication of gigabit-scale dynamic random access memory (DRAM) at design rule 0.15 μm and below, SIA roadmap requires the overlay accuracy of 55nm in this generation.
The potential use of theranostic bacteria in cancer (2020)

Conventional chemotherapy approaches have not been fully successful in the treatment of cancer, due to limitations imposed by the pathophysiology of solid tumors, leading to nonspecific drug uptake by healthy cells, poor bioavailability, and toxicity. Thus, novel therapeutic modalities for more efficient cancer treatment are urgently required. Living bacteria can be used as a theranostic approach for the simultaneous diagnosis and therapy of tumors. Herein, we summarize the currently available literature focused on the advantages and challenges for the use of theranostic bacteria in cancer therapy.
Recent Developments in Aerospace Gears and Gearbox Designs (2018)

Aerospace power transmission elements and units like gears and gearboxes are critical componentswhich need to be designed, manufactured and installed for a well performing fail-safe operation. Recent development of such components has seen rather satisfying improvements regarding different subjects like materials, design, manufacturing processes, surface treatment, etc. While cleanliness of material and special alloys help increase the strength of gear material, different design methods help reduce stresses under service loads. Similarly, different manufacturing methods help reduce surface burn like defects while material surface coatings help increase the resistance to wear and pitting like failures of both gears and bearings. Different examples of recent developments in aerospace gears and gearbox designs are provided in this paper to keep readers up to date with the aerospace power transmission technology. Keywords : aerospace, development, design, gear, gearbox, performance
Design of a VLSI-based artificial neural network system by a student group (1991)

Describes the subject of a particular group of projects carried out by undergraduate, MSc and PhD students, over the past three years. The projects relate to the analysis, design, development and construction of a VLSI-based artificial neural network (ANN) system. The projects have been carefully specified so that they complement each other without significant overlap. In general, the projects fall into one of three categories: applications development (e.g. speech recognition, image recognition, robot control), systems analysis (e.g. hardware configuration requirements for optimum system performance), and hardware design and development (e.g. design of a VLSI IC, design of a demonstrator system for the IC, design of input/output instrumentation such as CCD imagers or robot motion control components). As well as providing for a range of skill/ability levels from construction to open ended research, the projects enable students to concentrate on specific subject areas ranging from software engineering (applications) through hardware/software (systems analysis) to hardware design at IC, PCB and system levels.
Traumatic Shoulder Instability Involving Anterior, Inferior, and Posterior Labral Injury (2011)

Arthroscopic repair of these extensive labral injuries involving 270° of the glenoid fossa was an effective surgical treatment and restored mechanical stability of the shoulder. The arthroscopic approach allowed for complete visualization and repair of all labral pathology.
Alternative lengthening of telomeres and ATRX/DAXX loss can be reliably detected in FNAs of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (2017)

Both ALT and loss of ATRX/DAXX can be accurately performed on FNA specimens with adequate material. Because ALT is a fundamental mechanism of pathogenesis, the ability to determine ALT in small biospecimens has implications for the design of clinical trials. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:544-51. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Experience on a 362 MVA Turbogenerator pressplates cracks evolution at underexcited conditions (2019)

The operation of turbogenerators at underexcited conditions increases the heating in the end-core region, especially in the pressplates. The pressplates should have excellent mechanical properties but low magnetic permeability to avoid high losses due to magnetic flux, so exotic steels and irons are used for this application. This paper presents the experience on a 362 MVA turbogenerator which operates at underexcited conditions for more than ten years, always in the allowable area according to the capacity curve. In the pressplates of this machine several cracks appeared, with the risk of catastrophic failure. Although the manufacturer recommendation was to replace the cracked pressplates, the material and the cause of the cracks have been analyzed and it has been determined than in this particular case, changing the machine operation, the risk of the growth of the cracks was very low. After one year of operation under our specified operating conditions, the size of the cracks has remained the same, avoiding some months of machine overhaul.
[Atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulation and nephroprotection: caution or bravery?] (2022)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are strictly related and share several risk factors (i.e. hypertension, diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure). As consequence, AF is very common among CKD patients, especially in those with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Moreover, patients with AF and advanced kidney disease have a higher mortality rate than patients with preserved renal function due to an increased incidence of stroke and an unpredicted elevated hemorrhagic risk. The adequate long-term oral anticoagulation in this subgroup of patients represents a major challenging issue faced by physicians in clinical practice. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are currently contraindicated in patients with ESRD while vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) are characterized by a narrow therapeutic window, increased tissue calcification and an unfavorable risk/benefit ratio with low stroke prevention effect and augmented risk of major bleeding. The purpose of this review is to shed light on the applications of DOAC therapy in CKD patients, especially in ESRD patients.
Comparison of the Physical Stability of Astringent Hydrogels Based on Cellulose Derivatives (1995)

Formulation and physical stability of hamamelis gels, using as gelling agents cellulose derivatives, were studied. Gelled vehicles were selected according two criteria: spreading diameter and limpidity.The tests of physical stability applied to the hamamelis gels showed four of them to have the required stability : one based on methylcellulose Benecel M 142C®, one based on hydroxyethylcellulose, Natrosol 250G® and two based on hydroxypropylcellulose, Klucel m® and Klucel h®
Bone morphogenetic proteins in articular cartilage repair (2004)

Cartilage regeneration and repair is one of the major obstacles in current orthopedics. The importance is enormous since osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of disability among the adult population in the United States. OA is considered a process of attempted, but gradually failing, repair of damaged cartilage extracellular matrix, as the balance between synthesis and breakdown of matrix components is disturbed and shifted towards catabolism. In recent times, members of the bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) family of proteins have received the highest attention among potential anabolic factors for cartilage repair because of their ability to induce matrix synthesis and promote repair in different connective tissues, including cartilage. This Chapter will review the information accumulated on BMPs from in vitro studies as well as from studies of repair in various animal models. The data show significant promise for BMPs in cartilage repair and suggest that this indication could become the most important application for BMPs in orthopedics.
TU-F-12A-04: Differential Radiation Avoidance of Functional Liver Regions Defined by 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid SPECT/CT with Proton Therapy (2014)

Purpose: Radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients is conventionally planned without consideration of spatial heterogeneity in hepatic function, which may increase risk of radiation-induced liver disease. Pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton radiotherapy (pRT) plans were generated to differentially decrease dose to functional liver volumes (FLV) defined on [99mTc]sulfur colloid (SC) SPECT/CT images (functional avoidance plans) and compared against conventional pRT plans. Methods: Three HCC patients underwent SC SPECT/CT scans for pRT planning acquired 15 min post injection over 24 min. Images were reconstructed with OSEM following scatter, collimator, and exhale CT attenuation correction. Functional liver volumes (FLV) were defined by liver:spleen uptake ratio thresholds (43% to 90% maximum). Planning objectives to FLV were based on mean SC SPECT uptake ratio relative to GTV-subtracted liver and inversely scaled to mean liver dose of 20 Gy. PTV target coverage (V95) was matched between conventional and functional avoidance plans. PBS pRT plans were optimized in RayStation for single field uniform dose (SFUD) and systematically perturbed to verify robustness to uncertainty in range, setup, and motion. Relative differences in FLV DVH and target dose heterogeneity (D2-D98)/D50 were assessed. Results: For similar liver dose between functional avoidance and conventional PBS pRT plans (Dmean≤5% difference, V18Gy≤1% difference), dose to functional liver volumes were lower in avoidance plans but varied in magnitude across patients (FLV70%max Dmean≤26% difference, V18Gy≤8% difference). Higher PTV dose heterogeneity in avoidance plans was associated with lower functional liver dose, particularly for the largest lesion [(D2-D98)/D50=13%, FLV90%max=50% difference]. Conclusion: Differential avoidance of functional liver regions defined on sulfur colloid SPECT/CT is feasible with proton therapy. The magnitude of benefit appears to be patient specific and dependent on tumor location, size, and proximity to functional volumes. Further investigation in a larger cohort of patients may validate the clinical utility of functional avoidance planning of HCC radiotherapy.
Raman Excited Spin Coherences for Turbulence Imaging (1999)

The objective of this project was to explore the feasibility of using Raman excited spin coherence for turbulence imaging. We experimentally demonstrated that it is possible to use degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in Na vapor to correct intracavity high-speed turbulence aberrations. The use of sodium vapor as a phase conjugate mirror (PCM) provides gains greater than unity and an ideal response time of about 16 nsec, even with cw laser pump beams. We demonstrated a cw degenerate phase conjugate resonator (PCR) using Na vapor with a very low lasing threshold of 4.5 W/cm2 of pump intensity. This low power threshold is produced by DFWM based on coherent population trapping (CPT) in Na vapor when operating close to the Dl transition. The intracavity turbulence was created by a He jet from a nozzle that was driven at the nozzle's resonance of 18 kHz. In the intracavity turbulence correction experiment, a typical intensity for the forward and reverse DFWM pump beams is 10W/ cm2. This experiment provided a low-threshold PCR involving a double-A CPT interaction that produced a correction factor of 9.6 for the temporal aberrations caused by an 18 kHz intracavity turbulence with a flow rate of 250 m/s.
Biodistribution and Trafficking of Hydrogel Nanoparticles in Adult Mosquitoes (2015)

Herein we have developed a tool box of NPs with the biodistribution and tissue tropism characteristics for gene structure/function studies and for delivery of vector lethal cargoes for mosquito control.
Optical property measurements of a novel type of upconverting reporter (2003)

We have recently developed a new type of reporter (upconverting chelate) for biomedical diagnostics. For this reporter, the light is absorbed and emitted by a lanthanide ion, rather than an organic molecule, as is the case for a typical fluorescent dye. These materials do not photobleach and have no autofluorescent background. We focus in this paper on neodymium ions complexed with the familiar chelating agents, EDTA, DPA, DTPA and DOTA. We have performed experimental measurements with one- and two-color laser light excitation for different chelate compounds. The samples are excited using two Nd:YAG-pumped dye laser systems that provide laser light near 587 nm and 800 nm. For one-color excitation, the emitted light depends quadratically on the incident laser power, as expected. Three strongly emitting lines are observed, located near 360 nm, 387 nm, and 417 nm. We observed more efficient upconversion in EDTA although the DPA chelates show comparable ground state absorbance. We have studied the influence of temporal delay between the two laser pulses and obtained the decay lifetime of the first intermediate state in the various chelated compounds.
Ion Mobility Tandem Mass Spectrometry Enhances Performance of Bottom-up Proteomics (2014)

One of the limiting factors in determining the sensitivity of tandem mass spectrometry using hybrid quadrupole orthogonal acceleration time-of-flight instruments is the duty cycle of the orthogonal ion injection system. As a consequence, only a fraction of the generated fragment ion beam is collected by the time-of-flight analyzer. Here we describe a method utilizing postfragmentation ion mobility spectrometry of peptide fragment ions in conjunction with mobility time synchronized orthogonal ion injection leading to a substantially improved duty cycle and a concomitant improvement in sensitivity of up to 10-fold for bottom-up proteomic experiments. This enabled the identification of 7500 human proteins within 1 day and 8600 phosphorylation sites within 5 h of LC-MS/MS time. The method also proved powerful for multiplexed quantification experiments using tandem mass tags exemplified by the chemoproteomic interaction analysis of histone deacetylases with Trichostatin A.
Molecular dynamics simulations of phosphonic acid–aluminum oxide self-organization and their evolution into ordered monolayers (2017)

We outline an unprejudiced molecular dynamics simulation approach to study the mechanisms of self-organization encompassing the evolution of surfactant-surface interactions to the growth of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Therein, the time-length scale problem is tackled by combining an efficient docking-type procedure for implementing surfactant-by-surfactant association with detailed molecular simulations to explore structural relaxation. For this, nanosecond-scale molecular dynamics simulations unravel ordering processes during the gradual assembly of the monolayer. Along this line, different packing motifs of octadecyl phosphonic acid (ODPA) on the (0001) surface of α-alumina and implications for the final density and ordering of the resulting monolayers are elucidated. Moreover, the role of the solvent is discriminated by comparing SAM formation in 2-propanol, hexane and in a vacuum.
OpenTracker-an open software architecture for reconfigurable tracking based on XML (2002)

This paper describes OpenTracker, an open software architecture that provides a generic solution to the different tasks involved in tracking input devices and processing tracking data for virtual environments. It combines a highly modular design with a configuration syntax based on XML, thus taking full advantage of this new technology. OpenTracker is a first attempt towards a "write once, track anywhere" approach to virtual reality application development.
Eight City Study of Child Political Socialization, 1961-1962 (1961)

This study sought to measure children's early receptiveness to political concepts. A structured questionnaire was administered to a sample of white urban public school children in grades 2 through 8 from eight American cities: Boston, Massachusetts, Portland, Maine, Chicago, Illinois, Sioux City, Iowa, Atlanta, Georgia, Jackson, Mississippi, San Francisco, California, and Tacoma, Washington. Information was collected on attitudes toward real people and roles, opinions concerning the origin, relevance, and supremacy of laws, and cognizance of current affairs and issues. All grades were given the same physical questionnaire, but only grades 4 through 8 completed it in its entirety. Grades 2 and 3 stopped after they had reached their respective limits.
On the Impact of Sentiment and Emotion Based Features in Detecting Online Sexual Predators (2012)

According to previous work on pedophile psychology and cyberpedophilia, sentiments and emotions in texts could be a good clue to detect online sexual predation. In this paper, we have suggested a list of high-level features, including sentiment and emotion based ones, for detection of online sexual predation. In particular, since pedophiles are known to be emotionally unstable, we were interested in investigating if emotion-based features could help in their detection. We have used a corpus of predators ’ chats with pseudo-victims downloaded from www.perverted-justice.com and two negative datasets of different nature: cybersex logs available online and the NPS chat corpus. Naive Bayes classification based on the proposed features achieves accuracies of up to 94 % while baseline systems of word and character n-grams can only reach up to 72%. 1
Effect of propofol on memory in mice (1993)

The amnestic effects of the intravenous hypnotic anesthetic agent 2,6-diisopropylphenol (propofol; Diprivan) were studied in a single-trial passive avoidance task. Mice were injected with propofol 10 min before or immediately after training. Memory was impaired in a dose-dependent fashion when the anesthetic was administered before learning, but no amnesia was apparent with posttraining injections. Examination of the acquisition of passive avoidance using a multitrial task showed that propofol-treated mice learned the response normally but forgot the learning significantly faster than vehicle-treated controls. The anterograde amnesia was not the result of state-dependent learning. Propofol also disrupted extinction of fear conditioning when the anesthetic was given during the extinction session. Propofol-induced amnesia could be attenuated by amphetamine (1 mg/kg) injected 30 min before the retention test.
Multi-scale surface patterning – an approach to control friction and lubricant migration in lubricated systems (2019)

Purpose The paper aims to investigate the possibilities to control friction in lubricated systems by surface patterning, making use of a multi-scale approach. Surface patterns inside the tribological contact zone tend to directly reduce friction, whereas surface patterns located in the close proximity of the contact area can improve the tribological performance by avoiding lubricant starvation and migration. Finally, optimized surface patterns were identified by preliminary laboratory tests and transferred to a journal bearing, thus testing them under more realistic conditions. Design/methodology/approach Surface patterns on a large scale (depth &gt; 10 µm) were fabricated by micro- and roller-coining, whereas surface patterns on a small scale (depth &lt; 2 µm) were produced by direct laser interference patterning. The combination of both techniques resulted in multi-scale surface patterns. Tribologically beneficial surface patterns (verified in ball-on-disk laboratory tests) were transferred onto a journal bearing’s shaft and tested on a special test-rig. To characterize the lubricant spreading behavior, a new test-rig was designed, which allowed for the study of the lubricant’s motion on patterned surfaces under the influence of a precisely controlled temperature gradient. Findings All tested patterns accounted for a pronounced friction reduction and/or an increase in oil film lifetime. The results from the preliminary laboratory tests matched well, with results from the journal bearing test-rig, both tests showing a maximum friction reduction by a factor of 3-4. Numerical investigations, as well as experiments, have shown the possibility to actively guide lubricant over patterned surfaces. Smaller periodicities, as well as greater structural depths and widths, led to a more pronounced anisotropic spreading and/or greater spreading velocities. Multi-scale surfaces demonstrated the strongest effects regarding the lubricant’s spreading behavior. Originality/value Friction, as well as lubricant migration, can be successfully controlled by using micro-coined, laser-patterned and/or multi-scale surfaces. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the study demonstrates for the first time the unique possibility to transfer results obtained in laboratory tests to a real machine component.
Integrated Optical Fir-filters for Adaptive Equalization of Fiber Channel Impairments at 40 Gbit/s (2006)

In high bitrate optical transmission systems the dynamic changes of the transmission channel easily exceed the system tolerances for an error free operation. To meet the tolerances an adaptive equalizer is necessary. We demonstrate the capabilities of planar lightwave circuit integrated optical FIR-filters for an adaptive compensation of optical fiber channel impairments with electrical spectrum monitoring as feedback in simulations and measurements at 40 Gb/s.
Recent trends in the synthesis of high-silica zeolites (2017)

Novel zeolites continue to be synthesized using organic structure directing agents in combination with unconventional choices of inorganic conditions. The latter include synthesis in concentrated fluoride media, synthesis in concentrated hydroxide media, synthesis in the presence of germanium, and synthesis with high concentrations of boron. Post-synthetic treatments of germanosilicates with the ADOR method have resulted in fully intact zeolites that cannot be obtained through direct synthesis. Unusual compositions of known frameworks have been obtained through topotactic condensation of layered precursors. Coupled with the appropriate choice of inorganic conditions, the use of new SDA molecules has also produced materials with known frameworks but with amazingly small crystal dimensions that are less than 10 nm. The preparations of once “exotic” materials are now being performed with commercially available or easily prepared organic structure directing agents. In some instances methods have been found to prepare high-silica zeolites from seeded preparations in the absence of an organocation. Methods to target zeolite catalysts for a particular reaction have been realized by identifying structure directing agent molecules that are a mimic of the transition state of the reaction.