gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>An image quality evaluation method for DOE-based camera lenses</title> (2006)

A novel image quality evaluation method, which is based on combination of the rigorous grating diffraction theory and the ray-optic method, is proposed. It is applied for design optimization and tolerance analysis of optical imaging systems implementing diffractive optical elements (DOE). The evaluation method can predict the quality and resolution of the image on the image sensor plane through the optical imaging system. Especially, we can simulate the effect of diffraction efficiencies of DOE in the camera lenses module, which is very effective for predicting different color sense and MTF performance. Using this method, we can effectively determine the fabrication tolerances of diffractive and refractive optical elements such as the variations in profile thickness, and the shoulder of the DOE, as well as conventional parameters such as decenter and tilt in optical-surface alignments. A DOE-based 2M-resolution camera lens module designed by the optimization process based on the proposed image quality evaluation method shows ~15% MTF improvement compared with a design without such an optimization.
A Multi-Site Accelerator-Rich Processing Fabric for Scalable Brain-Computer Interfacing (2023)

Hull is an accelerator-rich distributed implantable Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) that reads biological neurons at data rates that are 2-3 orders of magnitude higher than the prior state of art, while supporting many neuroscientific applications. Prior approaches have restricted brain interfacing to tens of megabits per second in order to meet two constraints necessary for effective operation and safe long-term implantation -- power dissipation under tens of milliwatts and response latencies in the tens of milliseconds. Hull also adheres to these constraints, but is able to interface with the brain at much higher data rates, thereby enabling, for the first time, BCI-driven research on and clinical treatment of brain-wide behaviors and diseases that require reading and stimulating many brain locations. Central to Hull's power efficiency is its realization as a distributed system of BCI nodes with accelerator-rich compute. Hull balances modular system layering with aggressive cross-layer hardware-software co-design to integrate compute, networking, and storage. The result is a lesson in designing networked distributed systems with hardware accelerators from the ground up.
A high-authority/low-authority control strategy for coupled aircraft-style bays (2006)

This paper presents a numerical investigation of an active structural acoustic control strategy for coupled aircraft-style bays. While structural coupling can destabilize or limit the performance of some model-based decentralized control systems, fullycoupled centralized control strategies are impractical for typical aircraft containing several hundred bays. An alternative is to use classical rate feedback with matched, collocated transducer pairs to achieve active damping. Unfortunately, due to the conservative nature of this strategy, stability is guaranteed at the expense of achievable noise reduction. Therefore, this paper describes the development of a combined control strategy using robust active damping in addition to a high-authority controller based on linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) theory. The combined control system is evaluated on a tensioned, two-bay model using piezoceramic actuators and ideal point velocity sensors. Transducer placement on the two-bay structure is discussed, and the advantages of a combined control strategy are presented.
Design considerations for array CGH to oligonucleotide arrays (2005)

Oligonucleotide arrays for analysis of DNA copy number or for single nucleotide polymorphism content should be designed to carry probes to sense and antisense strands of each PCR amplicon to ensure sufficient hybridization and signal intensity.
Nucleosome core particles suppress the thermal untwisting of core DNA and adjacent linker DNA. (1985)

Covalently closed circular DNA is known to undergo a temperature-dependent change in helical twist. We have reconstituted nucleosome core particles onto closed circular DNA and measured the thermal untwisting of the DNA as a function of nucleosome density. The results demonstrate that the DNA associated with the nucleosome core particle does not alter its twist when the temperature is varied between 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C, and that the length of DNA prevented from thermal untwisting includes the linker as well as the core DNA.
Right Ventricular Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (from the Glycometabolic Intervention as Adjunct to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction III Trial) (2016)

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is a powerful risk marker after acute myocardial infarction (MI). Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has markedly reduced myocardial damage of the left ventricle, but reliable data on RV damage using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are scarce. In a recent trial of patients with acute MI treated with primary PCI, in which the primary end point was left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction after 4 months measured with MRI, we conducted a prospectively defined substudy in which we examined RV function. RV ejection fraction (RVEF) and RV scar size were measured with MRI at 4 months. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and RV free wall longitudinal strain (FWLS) were assessed using echocardiography before discharge and at 4 months. We studied 258 patients without diabetes mellitus; their mean age was 58 ± 11 years, 79% men and mean LV ejection fraction was 54 ± 8%. Before discharge, 5.2% of patients had TAPSE <17 mm, 32% had FWLS > -20% and 11% had FWLS > -15%. During 4 months, TAPSE increased from 22.8 ± 3.6 to 25.1 ± 3.9 mm (p <0.001) and FWLS increased from -22.6 ± 5.8 to -25.9 ± 4.7% (p <0.001). After 4 months, mean RVEF on MRI was 64.1 ± 5.2% and RV scar was detected in 5 patients (2%). There was no correlation between LV scar size and RVEF (p = 0.9), TAPSE (p = 0.1), or RV FWLS (p = 0.9). In conclusion, RV dysfunction is reversible in most patients and permanent RV ischemic injury is very uncommon 4 months after acute MI treated with primary PCI.
Fibroblast Activation Protein α-Targeted CD40 Agonism Abrogates Systemic Toxicity and Enables Administration of High Doses to Induce Effective Antitumor Immunity (2021)

FAP-CD40 abrogates the systemic toxicity associated with nontargeted CD40 agonists. This enables administration of high doses, essential for overcoming CD40 sink effects and inducing antitumor immunity. Consequently, FAP-targeted CD40 agonism represents a promising strategy to exploit the full potential of CD40 signaling for CIT.
Damage Detection Through Pipe Bends (2017)

Axial pipeline defects are detectable from torsional guided wave reflections through 90 deg elbows. This paper demonstrates that detection of localized damage in carbon steel pipes with a so-called standard long and very long radius elbow is possible using a single permanently installed source–receiver pair. We use dispersion imaging to determine why this is not possible in a short radius elbow pipe. Although the remote damage is detected in a standard short radius bend pipe, there is not enough signal to detect localized damage. Since pipeline bends are normally of at least standard long radius, the acoustical behavior is similar to that previously determined in straight pipes. The reflective method can thus be applied fruitfully to monitor structural health beyond industrial pipeline bends.
Effective Chirality Transfer in Ionic Liquids through Ion‐Pairing Effects (2007)

Weitergereicht: Da jede Reaktion an einem prochiralen Ion in enger Nachbarschaft zu dessen Gegenion ablaufen muss, sollte es möglich sein, Chiralitätsinformation zwischen den Ionen einer ionischen Flüssigkeit zu übertragen. Tatsächlich verlief die Hydrierung eines prochiralen Keto-funktionalisierten Kations in Gegenwart von (R)-Camphersulfonat mit bis zu 80 % ee (siehe Schema).
Research Issues Related to the Visualization of Complex and Networked Systems (2008)

A number of research issues are discussed on how best to visualize performance and vulnerability in complex and distributed network systems. A powerful paradigm would be to convey information about a distributed network to a decision maker using natural attributes of display systems such as color, shape, and other variables. Future visualizations are hypothesized to enable decision makers to better understand complex visualizations so they can allocate scarce resources to protect their networks.
Ultrathin metasurface coatings for near-perfect electromagnetic cloaking and illusion beyond the quasi-static limit (2014)

In this paper, a low-profile, low-loss electromagnetic cloaking and illusion coating technique is introduced based on single-layer anisotropic metasurfaces for cylindrical objects with moderate sizes beyond the quasi-static limit. In contrast to previous work on metasurface cloaks, coatings with non-vanishing radial response are employed here, which can be accounted for by the second-order surface impedance boundary condition and also be tailored to control higher order scattering modes. It is shown through both analytical solutions and full-wave numerical simulations of realistic coatings comprised of discrete metasurfaces that near-perfect cloaking and illusion can be achieved for a moderate-sized conducting or dielectric cylinder. This work will serve to broaden the usage of metasurfaces to applications ranging from scattering reduction/deception to noninvasive probing for objects beyond the quasi-static limit.
Faraday magnetic balance capable of high resolution measurements on metalloprotein solutions from 6.5 to 300 K (1978)

A Faraday balance, constructed from commercially available components, is reported which is convenient to operate and capable of high resolution measurements on metalloprotein solutions over a 6.5-300 K temperature range. The measurements are as accurately determined as for other, more expensive devices which usually require superconducting magnetic equipment. As an example, the temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility of metmyoglobin fluoride is reported and compared to other available data.
A Hybrid Time-Efficient Modeling Approach for Acoustic Noise Prediction in SRMs (2021)

This study presents a computationally cost-effective modeling approach for a switched reluctance machine (SRM) towards predicting vibration and acoustic noise. In the proposed approach, the SRM is modeled using Finite Element (FE) software for capturing magnetic snapshots from static simulations. Using an advanced field reconstruction method (FRM), these snapshots are used to develop basis functions to estimate magnetic fields under any arbitrary stator excitation and at any desired rotor position. This method includes magnetic properties of the machine and can estimate flux density at once instead of partially predicting it. The vibration model is built in FE software while the acoustic noise is predicted using the analytical method. The proposed study can significantly reduce the computational time for vibration and noise analysis with decent accuracy. Dynamic simulation by finite-element analysis (FEA) software and experimental verification have been carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid model.
Coagulation (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Photonic Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers and Their Application to LiDAR (2021)

Recent progress on photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) and their application to LiDAR are discussed. Following a brief introduction to the progress on PCSELs, it is shown that high-power, high-beam-quality PCSELs can be used to construct lens-free, high-resolution LiDAR systems. Further capability of electrical 2D beam scanning is also addressed.
Hemoglobin O Indonesia (alpha 2 116 (GH4) Glu leads to Lys beta 2) associated with beta-thalassemia in a family from Polesine (Italy). (1978)

Due to the great importance for many industrial applications it is crucial from the point of view of theoretical description to reproduce thermal properties of thermoplastic polyimides as accurate as possible in order to establish "chemical structure–physical properties" relationships of new materials. In this paper we employ differential scanning calorimetry, dilatometry, and atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to explore whether the state-of-the-art computer modeling can serve as a precise tool for probing thermal properties of polyimides with highly polar groups. For this purpose the polyimide R–BAPS based on dianhydride 1,3-bis(3',4-dicarboxyphenoxy)benzene (dianhydride R) and diamine 4,4'-bis(4''-aminophenoxy)biphenyl sulphone) (diamine BAPS) was synthesized and extensively studied. Overall, our findings show that the widely used glass-transition temperature Tg evaluated from MD simulations should be employed with great caution for verification of the polyimide computational models against experimental data: in addition to the well-known impact of the cooling rate on the glass-transition temperature, correct definition of Tg requires cooling that starts from very high temperatures (no less than 800 K for considered polyimides) and accurate evaluation of the appropriate cooling rate, otherwise the errors in the measured values of Tg become undefined. In contrast to the glass-transition temperature, the volumetric coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) does not depend on the cooling rate in the low-temperature domain (T &amp;lt;Tg) so that comparison of computational and experimental values of CTE provides a much safer way for proper validation of the theoretical model when electrostatic interactions are taken into account explicitly. Remarkably, this conclusion is most likely of generic nature: we show that it also holds for the commercial polyimide EXTEM™, another polyimide with a similar chemical structure.
Heterocyclic α‐Alkylidene Cyclopentenones Obtained via a Pauson—Khand Reaction of Amino Acid Derived Allenynes. A Scope and Limitation Study Directed Toward the Preparation of a Tricyclic Pyrrole Library. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An early-warning service for emerging communication problems in security and safety applications (2013)

Experience has shown that unpredictable disruption of communications during emergency operations can have severe consequences both for personal safety and for the ability to conduct a successful operation. An early-warning service for emerging communication disruption due to both unintentional interference and jamming, would therefore be a significant contribution for increased safety and security in such operations. We propose a solution for such an early-warning service both on the terminal and on higher system level. The solution is based on historical recorded data of both local and global information such as signal-to-interference ratio, interference classification, and position. We show by an example that with this service implemented, the operator will have increased time to take actions before a disruption occurs on a specific terminal.
Ultrasonic imaging system which uses a rotating M-sequence phase disk and correlation analysis (1978)

A new ultrasonic imaging system is proposed which uses transformation of the two-dimensional spatial distribution of the wave field of a coherently illuminated object into a temporally coded scattered wave field, by rotating an M-sequence phase disk just behind the object. It is shown that a two-dimensional image of the object can be obtained by cross-correlation analysis of the signal detected by a stationary-point receiver in the farfield with the same M-sequence signal generated in a signal processor. Construction of such a system is described together with some experimental results. Typically, a 1-MHz ultrasonic wave is used and an image of the object in a 40×70-mm region is obtained in 15 s.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Selective Reduction of Aromatic Azides to Amines Employing BF3×OEt2/NaI: Synthesis of Pyrrolobenzodiazepines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Feeding resistant starch affects fecal and cecal microflora and short-chain fatty acids in rats. (1997)

The effects of different forms of resistant potato starch (RS) on the major microbial population groups and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) in the cecum and feces of rats were studied over a 5-mo feeding period. Thirty 8-wk-old male Wistar rats, averaging 210 g initial body weight, were adapted for 7 d to a balanced basal diet containing 60% waxy maize starch devoid of any RS. On d 8, three groups of 10 rats each were fed diets containing the following forms of starch: 1) rapidly digestible waxy maize starch (basal diet), 2) a mixture of 83.3% waxy maize starch and 16.7% native granular potato starch (RS 1), or 3) a mixture of 33.3% waxy maize starch and 66.7% modified potato starch (RS 2). The final RS content in RS 1 and RS 2 was 10%. Fecal samples were collected at d 8 and 1, 3, and 5 mo after the start of the experiment. Cecal contents were taken after 5 mo. The colony counts of microbial groups did not vary with time in the control or the RS 1 group (P > .05). Only the number of Bacteroides/fusobacteria decreased between mo 1 and 5 in rats fed RS 1 (P < .05). The RS 2 diet led to a significant increase in total culturable bacteria, lactobacilli, streptococci, and enterobacteria between mo 1 and 5. The RS 1 and RS 2 diets stimulated the growth of bifidobacteria. Cecal numbers of lactobacilli, streptococci, and enterobacteria were higher in rats fed RS 2 than in rats fed RS 1 or control diet (P < .05). Lactobacillus cellobiosus occurred only in rats fed RS 1 or RS 2. Acetate increased in mo 3 compared with d 8 in all groups (P < .05). The fecal and cecal SCFA displayed higher concentrations of acetate and propionate and a higher molar proportion of propionate in RS 2 than in RS 1 or control rats (P < .05). Stimulation of bifidobacteria, lactobacilli, and SCFA may be useful for the suppression of pathogenic organisms in the colon.
Pokročilé metody studia vzájemných interakcí proteinů s DNA (2017)

DNA-protein interactions play an essential role in many regulatory mechanisms such as replication, transcription or translation and are responsible for the maintenance of the genome integrity. Isolation, identification and subsequent characterization of the biological function of DNA binding proteins propose insight into the pathological mechanisms that underlie various diseases. This review brings an overview of methods used for isolation and identification of DNA binding proteins (DNA-affinity chromatography coupled with quantitative proteomics and mass spectrometry) and subsequent methods for the characterization of their biological functions (fluorescence microscopy). Principles, advantages and disadvantages of individual methods are briefly discussed.
Towards a queueing-based framework for in-network function computation (2011)

We seek to develop joint aggregation, routing, and scheduling algorithms that, for any graph topology and a large class of functions, have analytically provable performance benefits due to in-network computation as compared to simple data forwarding. To this end, we define a class of functions, the Fully-Multiplexible functions, which includes several functions such as parity, k-th order statistic and range, and for which we can exactly characterize the maximum achievable refresh rate of the network in terms of an underlying graph primitive, the min-mincut. In wireline networks, we show that the maximum refresh rate is achievable by a simple algorithm that is dynamic, distributed, and only dependent on local information. In the case of wireless networks, we provide a MaxWeight-like algorithm with dynamic flow splitting that is shown to be throughput-optimal.
Investigating the shape of the contrast sensitivity function using white, bandpass, and contrast jitter noise (2014)

An equivalent noise experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of spatial frequency on contrast sensitivity. Under the linear amplifier model, performance can be accounted for by the efficiency of the mechanism responsible for detecting the target (relative to an ideal observer) and the variance of its internal noise. Previous studies have found conflicting results as to whether efficiency varies with spatial frequency, or if the threshold differences are due entirely to changes in internal noise variance. These experiments have frequently used broadband noise, which has the disadvantage of also activating non-target mechanisms. This leads to additional threshold elevation due to cross-channel masking (through the contrast gain pool), resulting in a confound in experiments where the relationship between the noise and target spectra is not constant. Baker & Meese [2012, Journal of Vision, 12(10):20, 1-12] proposed a novel noise masking method, where the noise is simply a contrast-jittered version of the target. This injects the noise directly into the target mechanism, minimising contrast gain pool effects. In this study, observers detected a horizontal log-Gabor target at five spatial frequencies (0.25 – 4 c/deg) in three types of noise: broadband (2D white), tuned to the target channel (2D noise filtered to have the same power spectrum as the target), and tuned to the target mechanism (contrast jitter). For each noise type, the fitted internal noise variance parameter increased with spatial frequency. In 2D white noise the fitted efficiency parameter increased with spatial frequency from 17% to 55%. In 2D filtered noise and contrast jitter noise efficiency was flat across spatial frequency at 59% and 88% respectively. By tuning our noise to the target mechanism at each spatial frequency we show that efficiency is constant, and that the decline of the contrast sensitivity function arises solely from increasing internal noise. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014