gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation of energy dispersive diffraction signatures and microCT of small breast tissue samples with pathological analysis (2007)

Identification of specific tissue types in conventional mammographic examinations is extremely limited. However, the use of x-ray diffraction effects during imaging has the potential to characterize the tissue types present due to the fact that each tissue type produces its own unique diffraction signature. Nevertheless, the analysis and categorization of these diffraction signatures by tissue type can be hampered by the inhomogeneous nature of breast tissue, leading to categorization errors where several types are present. This work aims to reduce sample categorization errors by combining spectral diffraction signature collection with sample imaging, giving more detailed data on the composition of each sample. Diffraction microCT was carried out on 19 unfixed breast tissue samples using an energy resolving translate-rotate CT system. High-resolution transmission microCT images were also recorded for comparison and sample composition analysis. Following imaging, the samples were subjected to histopathological analysis. Reconstructing on various momentum transfer regions allows different tissue types to be identified in the diffraction images. Results show a correlation between measured x-ray diffraction images and stained histopathological tissue sections. X-ray diffraction signatures generated from the measured data were categorized and analysed, with a t-test indicating that they have the potential for use in tissue type identification.
Dimensionality reduction of visual features for efficient retrieval and classification (2016)

Visual retrieval and classification are of growing importance for a number of applications, including surveillance, automotive, as well as web and mobile search. To facilitate these processes, features are often computed from images to extract discriminative aspects of the scene, such as structure, texture or color information. Ideally, these features would be robust to changes in perspective, illumination, and other transformations. This paper examines two approaches that employ dimensionality reduction for fast and accurate matching of visual features while also being bandwidth-efficient, scalable, and parallelizable. We focus on two classes of techniques to illustrate the benefits of dimensionality reduction in the context of various industrial applications. The first method is referred to as quantized embeddings, which generates a distance-preserving feature vector with low rate. The second method is a low-rank matrix factorization applied to a sequence of visual features, which exploits the temporal redundancy among feature vectors associated with each frame in a video. Both methods discussed in this paper are also universal in that they do not require prior assumptions about the statistical properties of the signals in the database or the query. Furthermore, they enable the system designer to navigate a rate versus performance trade-off similar to the rate-distortion trade-off in conventional compression.
Electret-based cantilever energy harvester: design and optimization (2011)

We report in this paper the design, the optimization and the fabrication of an electret-based cantilever energy harvester. We develop the mechanical and the electrostatic equations of such a device and its implementation using Finite Elements (FEM) and Matlab in order to get an accurate model. This model is then used in an optimization process. A macroscopic prototype (3.2cm^{2}) was built with a silicon cantilever and a Teflon\textregistered electret. Thanks to this prototype, we manage to harvest 17\muW with ambient-type vibrations of 0.2g on a load of 210MΩ. The experimental results are consistent with simulation results.
Practical Challenges Associated with Catalyst Development for the Commercialization of Li-air Batteries (2014)

Li-air cell is an exotic type of energy storage and conversion device considered to be half battery and half fuel cell. Its successful commercialization highly depends on the timely development of key components. Among these key components, the catalyst (i.e., the core portion of the air electrode) is of critical importance and of the upmost priority. Indeed, it is expected that these catalysts will have a direct and dramatic impact on the Li-air cell's performance by reducing overpotentials, as well as by enhancing the overall capacity and cycle life of Li-air cells. Unfortunately, the technological advancement related to catalysts is sluggish at present. Based on the insights gained from this review, this sluggishness is due to challenges in both the commercialization of the catalyst, and the fundamental studies pertaining to its development. Challenges in the commercialization of the catalyst can be summarized as 1) the identification of superior materials for Li-air cell catalysts, 2) the development of fundamental, material-based assessments for potential catalyst materials, 3) the achievement of a reduction in both cost and time concerning the design of the Li-air cell catalysts. As for the challenges concerning the fundamental studies of Li-air cell catalysts, they are 1) the development of experimental techniques for determining both the nano and micro structure of catalysts, 2) the attainment of both repeatable and verifiable experimental characteristics of catalyst degradation, 3) the development of the predictive capability pertaining to the performance of the catalyst using fundamental material properties. Therefore, under the current circumstances, it is going to be an extremely daunting task to develop appropriate catalysts for the commercialization of Li-air batteries; at least within the foreseeable future. Regardless, nano materials are expected to play a crucial role in this field.
A study of the advantages and limitations of immunoblotting procedures for the detection of antibodies against influenza virus (1993)

An immunoblotting procedure was used to determine the specificity and examine some of the properties of antibodies produced following infection of mice with influenza virus or inoculation with noninfectious material with Alhydrogel or complete Freund's adjuvant. The noninfectious material used was beta-propiolactone-inactivated influenza virus and a preparation (HANA) enriched for the surface glycoproteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). When influenza viral proteins were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under nonreducing conditions, each of the anti-viral antisera tested exhibited strong binding. Under reducing conditions, however, much weaker binding was observed especially towards the HA1 subunit of HA. This was particularly apparent with antisera raised to virus or HANA in the absence of adjuvant. A panel of monoclonal antibodies directed to HA also bound well to viral HA separated by SDS-PAGE under nonreducing conditions but failed to recognize epitopes on HA1 separated under reducing conditions. These results suggest that when HA is reduced and immobilized on a solid support, it does not display the conformational features essential for the integrity of all epitopes. The immunoblotting procedure was also used to determine the isotype of anti-viral antibody directed against individual viral proteins and to detect matrix protein 2 (M2) in purified influenza virions and influenza-infected cells using antisera raised to a synthetic peptide representing a sequence within the M2 protein.
Performance Analysis of Saccades for Primary and Confirmatory Target Selection (2022)

In eye-gaze-based selection, dwell suffers from several issues, e.g., the Midas Touch problem. Here we investigate saccade-based selection techniques as an alternative to dwell. First, we designed a novel user interface (UI) for Actigaze and used it with (goal-crossing) saccades for confirming the selection of small targets (i.e., < 1.5-2°). We compared it with three other variants of Actigaze (with button press, dwell, and target reverse crossing) and two variants of target magnification (with button press and dwell). Magnification-dwell exhibited the most promising performance. For Actigaze, goal-crossing was the fastest option but suffered the most errors. We then evaluated goal-crossing as a primary selection technique for normal-sized targets (≥ 2°) and implemented a novel UI for such interaction. Results revealed that dwell achieved the best performance. Yet, we identified goal-crossing as a good compromise between dwell and button press. Our findings thus identify novel options for gaze-only interaction.
Task Adaptive Feature Transformation for One-Shot Learning (2023)

We introduce a simple non-linear embedding adaptation layer, which is fine-tuned on top of fixed pre-trained features for one-shot tasks, improving significantly transductive entropy-based inference for low-shot regimes. Our norm-induced transformation could be understood as a re-parametrization of the feature space to disentangle the representations of different classes in a task specific manner. It focuses on the relevant feature dimensions while hindering the effects of non-relevant dimensions that may cause overfitting in a one-shot setting. We also provide an interpretation of our proposed feature transformation in the basic case of few-shot inference with K-means clustering. Furthermore, we give an interesting bound-optimization link between K-means and entropy minimization. This emphasizes why our feature transformation is useful in the context of entropy minimization. We report comprehensive experiments, which show consistent improvements over a variety of one-shot benchmarks, outperforming recent state-of-the-art methods.
Characterisation of polymer-shelled microbubbles in wall-less flow phantom using high-frequency ultrasound and video microscopy (2011)

A high frequency ultrasound pulse echo system and a video microscope were combined to investigate the relationship between backscatter from polymer shelled ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) and their diameter. Individual UCAs (manufactured by Point Biomedical or Philips Research) were imaged while being sonicated with 40 MHz tone bursts. The backscatter magnitude produced by the Philips UCAs was proportional to UCA size, which is consistent with theoretically predicted behaviour of encapsulated microbubbles driven at frequencies above resonance. Despite being smaller, the Point UCAs produced a backscatter magnitude twice that of Philips UCAs, indicating that Point UCAs might behave quasi-resonantly when excited at 40 MHz.
Acoustic Field of Circular Plane Piston in Limits of Short Wavelength or Large Radius (1972)

The acoustic beam of a circular plane piston (radius a) is analyzed as it approaches either the short-wavelength limit (SWL) or the large-radius limit (LRL). Using a new expression for the beam, we show that with no absorption the SWL would be a cylindrically collimated beam, with radius a, of plane waves. If absorptive effects are minor, the chief deviations during approach to the SWL occur in two decreasing volumes, a horn-shaped paraxial region and a cylindrical shell of mean radius a. One consequence is that any second harmonic, self-generated in the beam, approaches its own SWL more rapidly than does the first harmonic. Approach to the LRL yields a known paradox: Even the piston's nearfield need not approach a uniform plane wave. We show that the presence of absorption does make the LRL a plane wave and that in the absence of absorption there is a valid reason for the paradox: The piston beam must have a unique axis of cylindrical symmetry; an unbounded plane wave cannot.
Insights in How Computer Science can be a Science (2020)

202203 bcwh
Omnidirectional 3-D Reconstruction Using Stereo Mult i-Perspect ive Panoramas (2004)

In this paper, we propose a novel method for omnidirectional 3-D reconstruction using multi-perspective panoramas. We use two large collections of images taken by parallel stereo cmeras whose motions are constrained to a planar concentric circle. The two collections of regular perspective images are resampled into four multi-perspective panoramas. Then we compute a depth map from three pairs of the panoramas using multi-baseline algorithm with three types of epipolar constraints, that is horizontal, vertical and combination of them. The didity of the proposed method is shown by experimental results using both synthesized and real images.
Use of contraceptive depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is associated with impaired cervicovaginal mucosal integrity (2018)

This study was supported by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) under Cooperative Agreement GPO-A-00-08-00005-00.
<title>Instrumentation systems for passive fiber optic chemical sensors</title> (1992)

This paper treats some of the general requirements of optoelectronic instrumentation systems for fiber optic chemical sensors and points out how non-imaging optical elements can be used to meet those requirements. Passive fiber optic chemical sensors, specifically remote spectroscopic absorbance, fluorescence, and Raman systems, are discussed. The operation of non-imaging optics (NIOs) is explained, as are applications of these optical elements in fiber illumination, sample light collection, and filtering subsystems. Optical design detection methodologies are also presented. The above topics are treated in an introductory or 'tutorial' fashion.
Why engineers should know and use Fitts' law (2002)

Fitts' (1954) law has been used since the early 1950s to characterize the traditional speed-accuracy tradeoffs associated with pointing and/or neuromotor tasks. It provides a paradigm to investigate how a human's control action can be reproduced by simple first-order models of the arm/hand motion. Such a simple human performance paradigm provides valuable insight into how arm motion can be characterized by engineers in certain analysis scenarios. This paper presents a derivation of Fitts' law using basic control theory.
Affinity labeling of nucleotide-binding sites on kinases and dehydrogenases by pyridoxal 5‘-diphospho-5‘-adenosine. (1986)

A new adenine nucleotide analog, [3H]pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine (PLP-AMP), has been synthesized. The effectiveness of PLP-AMP as an affinity probe has been tested using a number of nucleotide-binding enzymes. In comparison to reaction with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, PLP-AMP binds more tightly and exhibits greater specificity of labeling for most enzymes tested. PLP-AMP is a very potent inhibitor of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase and rabbit muscle pyruvate kinase, with complete inhibition obtained upon incorporation of 1 mol of reagent/mol of catalytic subunit. The reagent is also a potent inhibitor of yeast hexokinase and phosphoglycerate kinase. When modified in the absence of substrates, these enzymes require 2 mol of reagent/mol of active site for complete inhibition. However, when modified in the presence of sugar substrates, this stoichiometry decreases to 1.1 for the hexokinase-glucose complex and 1.4 for the phosphoglycerate kinase . 3-phosphoglycerate complex. The most potent inhibition by PLP-AMP was observed with rabbit muscle adenylate kinase. Half-maximal inhibition was obtained at a concentration of approximately 1 microM. In contrast to these examples, PLP-AMP, as well as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, fails to act as a potent or specific inhibitor of beef heart mitochondrial F1-ATP-ase. The high specificity of labeling and the ability of nucleotide substrates to decrease the rate of inactivation of the kinases and dehydrogenase are consistent with the modification of active site residues. The complete reversibility of both modification and inactivation in the absence of reduction by NaBH4 and the absorption spectra of modified enzymes prior to and following reduction indicate reaction with lysyl residues. We conclude that PLP-AMP holds considerable promise as an affinity label for exploring the structure and mechanism of nucleotide-binding enzymes.
Modification and benchmarking of MCNP for low‐energy tungsten spectra (2000)

The MCNP Monte Carlo radiation transport code was modified for diagnostic medical physics applications. In particular, the modified code was thoroughly benchmarked for the production of polychromatic tungsten x-ray spectra in the 30-150 kV range. Validating the modified code for coupled electron-photon transport with benchmark spectra was supplemented with independent electron-only and photon-only transport benchmarks. Major revisions to the code included the proper treatment of characteristic K x-ray production and scoring, new impact ionization cross sections, and new bremsstrahlung cross sections. Minor revisions included updated photon cross sections, electron-electron bremsstrahlung production, and K x-ray yield. The modified MCNP code is benchmarked to electron backscatter factors, x-ray spectra production, and primary and scatter photon transport.
Ring expansion of 2-vinyl derivatives of thiane, N-benzylpiperidine, and thiepane by [2,3] sigmatropic shift (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing expansion of 2-vinyl derivatives of thiane, N-benzylpiperidine, and thiepane by [2,3] sigmatropic shiftEdwin Vedejs, Manuel J. Arco, Dennis W. Powell, James M. Renga, and Stephen P. SingerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 25, 4831–4837Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00419a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00419a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views469Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Stilbenoid Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, G6, Suppresses Jak2-V617F-mediated Human Pathological Cell Growth in Vitro and in Vivo (2010)

Using structure-based virtual screening, we previously identified a novel stilbenoid inhibitor of Jak2 tyrosine kinase named G6. Here, we hypothesized that G6 suppresses Jak2-V617F-mediated human pathological cell growth in vitro and in vivo. We found that G6 inhibited proliferation of the Jak2-V617F expressing human erythroleukemia (HEL) cell line by promoting marked cell cycle arrest and inducing apoptosis. The G6-dependent increase in apoptosis levels was concomitant with increased caspase 3/7 activity and cleavage of PARP. G6 also selectively inhibited phosphorylation of STAT5, a downstream signaling target of Jak2. Using a mouse model of Jak2-V617F-mediated hyperplasia, we found that G6 significantly decreased the percentage of blast cells in the peripheral blood, reduced splenomegaly, and corrected a pathologically low myeloid to erythroid ratio in the bone marrow by eliminating HEL cell engraftment in this tissue. In addition, drug efficacy correlated with the presence of G6 in the plasma, marrow, and spleen. Collectively, these data demonstrate that the stilbenoid compound, G6, suppresses Jak2-V617F-mediated aberrant cell growth. As such, G6 may be a potential therapeutic lead candidate against Jak2-mediated, human disease.
Selective Synthesis of Secondary Amines from Nitriles by a User‐Friendly Cobalt Catalyst (2019)

Abstract Selective hydrogenation/reductive amination of nitriles to secondary amines catalyzed by an inexpensive and user‐friendly cobalt complex, (Xantphos)CoCl 2 , is reported. The use of (Xantphos)CoCl 2 and ammonia borane (NH 3 −BH 3 ) combination affords the selective reduction of nitriles to symmetrical secondary amines, whereas the employment of (Xantphos)CoCl 2 and dimethylamine borane (Me 2 NH−BH 3 ) along with external amines produce unsymmetrical secondary amines and tertiary amines. The general applicability of this methodology is demonstrated by the synthesis of 43 symmetrical and unsymmetrical secondary and tertiary amines bearing diverse functionalities. magnified image
Complementary Facial Selectivity in Conjugate Additions to γ-Hydroxyenones (1992)

Complementary facial selectivity can be achieved in conjugate additions to γ-hydroxyenones by using either Grignard reagents or cuprates. In the case of the former, preliminary complexation of the magnesium reagent with the resident alkoxide, followed by alkyl group transfer, results in the exclusive formation of the syn product. Conversely, cuprate conjugate additions proceed in an anti fashion, presumably because, in this mode of addition, coulombic repulsions are minimized.
<title>Review of the single-mode designs</title> (1999)

A review of the single-mode designs and their progress in the last few years will be given. Important design variables, their interactions and the trade-offs will be discussed. Current status of various designs for Terabit/s throughput on a single fiber will be presented. Emerging applications of single-mode fibers and waveguides will be described.
Protoporphyrin IX Fluorescence Imaging of Glioma Tumor Growth in the Murine Brain (2006)

Aminolevulinic acid induced Protoporphyrin IX fluorescence accumulates preferentially in brain tumor tissue. Microscopic and macroscopic studies are contrasted to determine the utility as a diagnostic measure of tumor extent in vivo for tracking therapeutic response.
Alternative RNA processing events gene-related peptide gene expressi (neuroendocrine/pituitary/RNA processing/hormone precursor) (2016)

Two mRNAs generated as a consequence of alternative RNA processing events in expression of the human calcitonin gene encode the protein precursors of either calcitonin or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Both calcitonin and CGRP RNAs and their encoded peptide prod- ucts are expressed in the human pituitary and in medullary thyroid tumors. On the basis of sequence comparison, it is suggested that both the calcitonin and CGRP exons arose from a common primordial sequence, suggesting that duplication and rearrangement events are responsible for the generation of this complex transcription unit.