gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AMI: Augmented Michelson Interferometer (2015)

Experiments in optics are essential for learning and understanding physical phenomena. The problem with these experiments is that they are generally time consuming for both their construction and their maintenance, potentially dangerous through the use of laser sources, and often expensive due to high technology optical components. We propose to simulate such experiments by way of hybrid systems that exploit both spatial augmented reality and tangible interaction. In particular, we focus on one of the most popular optical experiments: the Michelson interferometer. In our approach, we target a highly interactive system where students are able to interact in real time with the Augmented Michelson Interferometer (AMI) to observe, test hypotheses and then to enhance their comprehension. Compared to a fully digital simulation, we are investigating an approach that benefits from both physical and virtual elements, and where the students experiment by manipulating 3D-printed physical replicas of optical components (e.g. lenses and mirrors). Our objective is twofold. First, we want to ensure that the students will learn with our simulator the same concepts and skills that they learn with traditional methods. Second, we hypothesis that such a system opens new opportunities to teach optics in a way that was not possible before, by manipulating concepts beyond the limits of observable physical phenomena. To reach this goal, we have built a complementary team composed of experts in the field of optics, human-computer interaction, computer graphics, sensors and actuators, and education science.
Bioactive Indole Alkaloids from the Bark ofUncaria guianensis (1999)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the EtOH extract of the bark of Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) Gmel (Rubiaceae) using a yeast-based assay for DNA-damaging agents has furnished the two weakly but selectively active indole alkaloids uncarine C (1) and uncarine E (2) as the major bioactive constituents in this assay.
Hepatitis C viral infection is not associated with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (2006)

While a familial predisposition may exist in up to 20% of patients with Waldenström's Macroglobulinemia (WM), the precipitating cause of this B-cell malignancy remains unknown in most patients. In previous studies, an association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and WM has been suggested as etiological. This relationship has been the subject of debate, however, with some studies demonstrating increased incidence of HCV infection among WM patients and other studies showing no such association exists. This discordance might be attributable to the analytical method used, HCV antibody detection, which might be ineffective in patients with immunosuppression. We therefore analyzed the prevalence of HCV in a large population of WM patients utilizing both an HCV antibody detection immunoassay as well as qualitative polymerase chain reaction assay to directly detect HCV presence in serum samples. None of 100 randomly tested WM patients in this study tested positive for HCV by either analytical method. Our results therefore demonstrate a lack of association between HCV and WM.
Lowering The Burden of Hereditary Diseases in a Traditional, Inbred Community: Ethical Aspects of Genetic Research and Its Application (1998)

The remarkable progress in modern genetic technology enables the identification of genes causing devastating diseases and thereby the development of tools for prenatal diagnosis and carrier detection. To implement the results of genetic research in traditional societies, where genetic diseases are more prevalent due to inbreeding, necessitates a culturally appropriate approach that also promotes traditional and societal values important to the relevant community. This paper presents our experience with implementing the results of modern genetic research among the traditional community of the Negev Bedouin of Israel. Although the benefit of using those results for the prevention of genetic diseases seems obvious, successful implementation relies on a carefully designed educational program aimed at changing culturally related attitudes and perceptions. Such a program should attend to the needs of the community and be sensitive to its traditional values.
Analysis and Quantitation of Biomolecules by Two-Step Laser Desorption/Multiphoton Ionization Mass Spectrometry (1987)

We report a new methodology, two-step laser desorption/multiphoton ionization mass spectrometry, for the ultrasensitive detection and quantitation of molecular adsorbates. The method has been successfully applied to a number of nonvolatile and thermally labile compounds, including the 20 primary phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)- amino acids, the 4 DNA bases, the steroid β-estradiol and the large porphyrin, protoporphyrin IX dimethylester.
Quantifying & Modeling Multimodal Interactions: An Information Decomposition Framework (2023)

The recent explosion of interest in multimodal applications has resulted in a wide selection of datasets and methods for representing and integrating information from different modalities. Despite these empirical advances, there remain fundamental research questions: How can we quantify the interactions that are necessary to solve a multimodal task? Subsequently, what are the most suitable multimodal models to capture these interactions? To answer these questions, we propose an information-theoretic approach to quantify the degree of redundancy, uniqueness, and synergy relating input modalities with an output task. We term these three measures as the PID statistics of a multimodal distribution (or PID for short), and introduce two new estimators for these PID statistics that scale to high-dimensional distributions. To validate PID estimation, we conduct extensive experiments on both synthetic datasets where the PID is known and on large-scale multimodal benchmarks where PID estimations are compared with human annotations. Finally, we demonstrate their usefulness in (1) quantifying interactions within multimodal datasets, (2) quantifying interactions captured by multimodal models, (3) principled approaches for model selection, and (4) three real-world case studies engaging with domain experts in pathology, mood prediction, and robotic perception where our framework helps to recommend strong multimodal models for each application.
Long‐term monitoring of live cell proliferation in presence of PVP‐Hypericin: a new strategy using ms pulses of LED and the fluorescent dye CFSE (2011)

During fluorescent live cell imaging it is critical to keep excitation light dose as low as possible, especially in the presence of photosensitizer drugs, which generate free radicals upon photobleaching. During fluorescent imaging, stress by excitation and free radicals induces serious cell damages that may arrest the cell cycle. This limits the usefulness of the technique for drug discovery, when prolonged live cell imaging is necessary. This paper presents a strategy to provide gentle experimental conditions for dynamic monitoring of the proliferation of human lung epithelial carcinoma cells (A549) in the presence of the photosensitizer Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Hypericin. The distinctive strategy of this paper is based on the stringent environmental control and optimizing the excitation light dose by (i) using a low-power pulsed blue light-emitting diode with short pulse duration of 1.29 ms and (ii) adding a nontoxic fluorescent dye called carboxyfluorescein-diacetate-succinimidyl-ester (CFSE) to improve the fluorescence signals. To demonstrate the usefulness of the strategy, fluorescence signals and proliferation of dual-marked cells, during 5-h fluorescence imaging under pulsed excitation, were compared with those kept under continuous excitation and nonmarked reference cells. The results demonstrated 3% cell division and 2% apoptosis due to pulsed excitation compared to no division and 85% apoptosis under the continuous irradiation. Therefore, our strategy allows live cell imaging to be performed over longer time scales than with conventional continuous excitation.
Tailoring Materials for Specific Needs (1994)

This paper describes a method to design the periodic microstructure of a material to obtain specified constitutive parameters. The problem can be called an inverse homogenization problem and is formulated as an optimization problem of finding the microstructure with the lowest possible weight which fulfills the specified behavioural requirements. A full ground structure known from topology optimization of trusses is used as starting guess for the optimization algorithm, which implies that the optimal microstructure of a base cell is found from a truss structure with 120 possi ble members in the 2-dimensional case and 2016 possible members in the 3-dimensional case. The material parameters are found by a numerical homogenization method using finite elements to model the representative base cell, and the optimization problem is solved by an optimality criteria method. Numerical examples in two and three dimensions show that it is possible to design materials with many different properties, including isotropic materials with Poisson's ratio close to — 1 and 0.5, us ing base cells modelled as truss structures. Some of the proposed base cells have been tested as macro models and methods to produce them in practice are discussed.
Kinetics of Miniemulsion Polymerization As Revealed by Calorimetry (2000)

The kinetic behavior of styrene miniemulsions with a hydrophilic initiator was investigated by calorimetry, focusing on the studies of parameters such as (a) the amount of surfactant and (b) the quantity of the initiator. Their influence on the net reaction time of polymerization and on the nucleation mechanism in comparison to other heterophase polymerization types is discussed. The course of miniemulsion polymerization kinetics is characterized by three distinguishable intervals. The first two intervals can be defined by the average number of radicals per particle, n̄: during the first interval, n̄ increases until a plateau value of 0.5 is reached at the onset of the second interval. The beginning of the last interval is defined by a sharp increase of n̄. Because of the nature of the first interval, all miniemulsion droplets are nucleated within this interval at a specific time, and therefore the individual conversion in each droplet has reached a different level. Every miniemulsion droplet can be perceived as a separate nanoreactor which does not interact with the others. Independent of the amount of initiator as well as the particle size, i.e., the number of active sites in the system, the limit value of n̄ during the second interval remains 0.5. Therefore, the net polymerization time strongly decreases with decreasing particle size.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolite Phi: A Physical Mixture of Chabazite and Offretite. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance Prediction for Ultrasonically Welded Dissimilar Materials Joints (2016)

Ultrasonic metal welding has been used to join multiple layers of battery tabs with the bus bar in lithium-ion battery assembly operations. This paper describes joint performance models for ultrasonic metal welds of multiple layers of dissimilar battery tab materials, i.e., aluminum and copper. Finite element (FE) models are developed to predict the mechanical performance of the ultrasonically welded joints. The models predict peak shear load, energy absorption capability, and failure modes, which are necessary for modeling product performance and defining process requirements for the welds. The models can be adjusted to represent different quality of welds created in conditions of underweld (UW), normal-weld (NW), or overweld (OW) using physical attributes observed through microscopic analysis. The models are validated through lap shear tests, which demonstrate excellent agreement for the maximum force in the NW condition and good agreement for the UW and OW conditions. The models provide in-depth understanding of the relationship among welding process parameters, physical weld attributes, and the weld performance. The models also provide significant insight for further development of ultrasonic welding process for battery tabs and help optimize welding process for more than four-layered joints.
Alloantigen-specific Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T cell therapy in non-human primate islet transplantation (2022)

Abstract Though islet transplantation has emerged as a promising therapeutic for type 1 diabetes, the immunosuppressive agents that prevent rejection carry significant risk of morbidity. Adoptive transfer of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) Tregs has the potential to protect allografts and transform transplantation medicine in the way that CAR T cells have revolutionized the treatment of cancer. However, there lacks a large animal model in which to optimize the safety and efficacy of CAR Treg therapy. Therefore, we developed methods to sort, transduce, and expand Cynomolgus macaque CAR Tregs recognizing the human/non-human primate cross-reactive alloantigen Bw6. Our novel pan-primate artificial antigen presenting cells expanded Tregs to clinical sized doses of &amp;gt;500 million cells from as few as 25k sorted cells. Expanded Tregs expressed protein and epigenetic markers indicative of stable CAR Tregs and displayed suppressor function without cytotoxicity. CAR Tregs transferred into an antigen negative recipient could be detected for 7 days in peripheral blood and 1 month in bone marrow. When transferred to a diabetic recipient simultaneously with allogeneic Bw6+ islets, islets were partially protected from rejection as measured by increased control of blood glucose with insulin treatment. Transferred Tregs persisted in peripheral blood for &amp;gt;34 days while displaying markers of stable, activated Tregs including CAR, FoxP3, and Helios. Importantly, we could not detect CAR+ FoxP3− effector T cells which would target the graft and expedite graft rejection. Our results provide a proof of concept for CAR Treg adoptive therapy in a large animal model and establish a framework for optimization of therapy before a clinical trial in humans.
An Embodied Cognitive Assistant for Visualizing and Analyzing Exoplanet Data (2019)

In this paper, we describe a cognitive assistant that helps astrophysicists visualize and analyze exoplanet data via natural interactions. When users speak about and point to objects of interest, the assistant finds relevant data or performs requested computations, shows the results on a large display wall, and explains them with synthesized speech.
Silicone elastomers capable of large isotropic dimensional change (2023)

Described herein is a highly effective route towards the controlled and isotropic reduction in size-scale, of complex 3D structures using silicone network polymer chemistry. In particular, a class of silicone structures were developed that once patterned and cured can `shrink` micron scale additive manufactured and lithographically patterned structures by as much as 1 order of magnitude while preserving the dimensions and integrity of these parts. This class of silicone materials is compatible with existing additive manufacture and soft lithographic fabrication processes and will allow access to a hitherto unobtainable dimensionality of fabrication.
O1‐11‐02: In vivo evaluation of the therapeutic potential of novel translocator protein (TSPO) ligands for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (2015)

Ligands of the translocator protein (TSPO) have been identified as promising candidate therapeutic agents for several neurodegenerative disorders due to their ability to enhance neurosteroidogenesis. We have previously demonstrated that the classic TSPO ligands, Ro5-4864 and PK11195, increase brain steroid levels, reduce Aβ accumulation, and improve cognition in a mouse model of AD. Here we evaluated the steroidogenic efficacy and acute behavioral effects of three TSPO imidazopyridine ligands, CLINDE, PBR175, and PBR162, which we have previously shown to be non-toxic in vitro. CLINDE, which exhibited the most favorable behavioral and pharmacokinetic profile, was investigated further for its specificity and binding affinity in human brain. The acute behavioural effects of the three novel TSPO ligands were compared with Ro5-4864, in 3 month old castrated C57BL/6J mice. Two hours after ligand injection (3 mg/kg i.p.), anxiety-, depression-, and memory-related behaviors were assessed in the elevated-plus maze, open field maze, tail-suspension test, and object recognition tests respectively. Brain steroids levels were measured by LC-MS/MS. To determine if the behavioral effects of TSPO ligands were mediated via increased neurosteroidogenesis, mice were pretreated with a steroidogenesis inhibitor, aminogluthetimide (10mg/kg). The pharmacokinetic properties of the novel ligands were assessed by competitive PET imaging [11C]PK-11195. The specificity of action of CLINDE was determined in TSPO knockout mice, and the affinity for TSPO (Ki value) in human brain homogenate was investigated in vitro by [11C]PK-11195 binding assay. CLINDE and PBR175 improved learning and memory performance equally well as Ro5-4864. These improvements were completely ablated by aminogluthetimide, confirming that the beneficial effects were mediated through an increase in neurosteroidogenesis. Anxiety- and depression-related behaviors were unaffected by the TSPO ligands. Competitive PET studies indicated that CLINDE showed the most long lasting binding to TSPO. The specificity of behavioral effects of CLINDE was confirmed. The affinity of CLINDE in high-affinity binder (HAB) and low-affinity binder (LAB) subjects were 5.5 and 29.7 respectively. These findings indicate that CLINDE and PBR175 rapidly promote neurosteroidogenesis, thereby enhancing learning and memory in vivo. These second generation TSPO ligands are promising therapeutic candidates with improved pharmacokinetic properties compared to classic TSPO ligands.
Sunscreens with the New MCE Filter Cover the Whole UV Spectrum: Improved UVA1 Photoprotection In Vitro and in a Randomized Controlled Trial (2021)

Addition of MCE absorber in sunscreen formulations leads to full coverage of UV spectrum and improved UVA1 photoprotection. The data support benefits in the long term on sun-induced consequences, especially those related to public health care issues.
HPTAM for modeling heat and mass transfers in a heat pipe wick, during startup from a frozen state (1995)

HPTAM, a two‐dimensional Heat Pipe Transient Analysis Model, is developed to model the operation of heat pipes in space environment. This paper describes the approach used in HPTAM for modeling heat and mass transfers in the wick of a heat pipe during the startup from a frozen state. HPTAM uses the Brinkman‐Forchheimer‐extended Darcy flow equations to predict the flow of liquid in the fully‐thawed porous wick, and a modified enthalpy method to calculate the progression of freezing and thawing of the working fluid in the wick. Recommended methodologies for calculating the properties of wire‐screened wicks (such as permeability and effective thermal conductivity) are given, based on analysis of experimental data. The continuum conservation equations for heat and mass transfers in the wick are successfully benchmarked using experimental data for solid‐liquid phase change in porous media in the presence of natural convection.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of Ti‐MCM‐41 Structures. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A diagnosability metric for parametric path delay faults (2002)

Published research on delay fault testing has largely focused on generating a minimal set of test vector pairs to detect as many delay faults in a circuit as possible. Little regard has been paid to the diagnosability of delay faults in the quest for generating tests which can simultaneously detect a delay fault on many paths, one loses the ability to determine which paths caused a chip failure. In an earlier work [1996] we presented a framework to detect which paths are likely to have caused a chip failure for a set of delay fault tests, and to find the associated likely fabrication process parameter variations. Here, we quantify the diagnosability of a path delay fault for a test, and develop a methodology based on the diagnosis framework presented earlier to determine the diagnosability of each path delay fault detected by a given test set. Furthermore, we apply this approach to find the diagnosability of robust path delay faults for the ISCAS'89 benchmark circuits.
In vitro characterization of granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) production by dendritic cells and macrophages during Streptococcus suis infection (2020)

Streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent. Infections induce an exacerbated inflammation that can result in sudden death (septic shock) and meningitis. Though neutrophilic leukocytosis characterizes S. suis infection, the mediators involved are poorly understood. Among them, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, triggers proliferation of neutrophil progenitors and neutrophil mobilization. However, the systemic production of G-CSF induced during S. suis infection, the cell types involved, and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. In a S. suis serotype 2 mouse model of systemic infection, plasma levels of G-CSF rapidly increased after infection. S. suis activation of DCs and macrophages resulted in high (> 1000 pg/mL) and comparable production levels of G-CSF, as measured by ELISA. By using mutant strains deficient in capsular polysaccharide (CPS) or lipoprotein maturation in combination with purified lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from the latter mutant strain, it was showed that G-CSF production is mainly mediated by S. suis lipoproteins. The Toll-like receptor (TLR) pathway via myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) is required for G-CSF production by DCs and macrophages following S. suis activation, with a partial involvement of TLR2. On the other hand, TLR2-independant G-CSF production induced by S. suis requires internalization and bacterial DNA might play a role in this pathway. Finally, these signals activated nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways leading to G-CSF production. In conclusion, this study demonstrated for the first time that S. suis induces G-CSF production in vivo and DCs and macrophages are key cellular sources of this cytokine mediator, mainly via the binding of lipoproteins to TLR2. The CPS significantly reduced this activation, confirming the powerful role of this component in S. suis virulence. As such, this study contributes to better understand how DCs and macrophages produce G-CSF in response to S. suis, and potentially to other streptococci.
A Variational Perturbative Approach to the Impurity Magnetopolarons in Parabolic Quantum Wires (1998)

We use a variational perturbative method for the calculation of the energy levels of impurity magnetopolarons in parabolic quantum wires. The method is reasonable for all electron-phonon coupling α, all Rydberg constant R , all parabolic frequency ω and all cyclotron frequency ω c . The ground state and first excited state energies are computed by the method and their dependence on α, R , ω and ω c is discussed.