gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
C-type natriuretic peptide enhances mouse preantral follicle growth (2019)

Compared to ovarian antral follicle development, the mechanism underlying preantral follicle growth has not been well documented. Although C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) involvement in preantral folliculogenesis has been explored, its detailed role has not been fully defined. Here, we used mouse preantral follicles and granulosa cells (GCs) as a model for investigating the dynamic expression of CNP and natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) during preantral folliculogenesis, the regulatory role of oocyte-derived growth factors (ODGFs) in natriuretic peptide type C (Nppc) and Npr2 expression, and the effect of CNP on preantral GC viability. Both mRNA and protein levels of Nppc and Npr2 were gradually activated during preantral folliculogenesis. CNP supplementation in culture medium significantly promoted the growth of in vitro-cultured preantral follicles and enhanced the viability of cultured GCs in a follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-independent manner. Using adult and prepubertal mice as an in vivo model, CNP pre-treatment via intraperitoneal injection before conventional superovulation also had a beneficial effect on promoting the ovulation rate. Furthermore, ODGFs enhanced Nppc and Npr2 expression in the in vitro-cultured preantral follicles and GCs. Mechanistic study demonstrated that the regulation of WNT signaling and estrogen synthesis may be implicated in the promoting role of CNP in preantral folliculogenesis. This study not only proves that CNP is a critical regulator of preantral follicle growth, but also provides new insight in understanding the crosstalk between oocytes and somatic cells during early folliculogenesis.
412 Study of the energy dissipation rate based on DNS of Turbulent Premixed Flames (2005)

We have carried out the modeling based on DNS databases of the fully developed turbulent premixed flames in order to improve combustion models. On the way of development of modeling, the definition of the energy dissipation rate ε, which is very important for whole of modeling, was modified sometimes. The energy dissipation rate ε estimated with each definition showed the different distributions in the flame region. It is a future subject to examine details more to decide the definition of the most suitable and reasonable energy dissipation rate ε to improve the combustion models.
A 60 GHz BiFET constructive wave power amplifier (2012)

A V-band BiFET Constructive Wave Power Amplifier (BiFET CWPA) is presented that allows for a graceful degradation in operation. The four-stage amplifier operates from 52–62 GHz with a peak small-signal gain of 10.7 dB at 60 GHz. Peak output saturation power (P <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sat</inf> ) is 16.4 dBm with associated power-added efficiency (PAE) of 15.3%. The amplifier nominally consumes 52 mW (4 V × 0.13 mA) and the active area occupies only 0.074 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of die space.
Soil Gas Movement—Monitoring Under Natural and Remediation Conditions (2018)

Environmental scientists and engineers have focused their attention on a new area of soil and groundwater pollution: soil gases. Because of soil variation, an on-site test for gas yield, zone of influence, vertical efficiency, and vapor content should be conducted before final design and approval of a remediation procedure. The time required for remediation of heterogeneous soils depends upon the proportion of contaminated material exposed to bulk air flow. A simple double-well test was conducted to measure horizontal changes in conductivity using direct velocity measurements. The installed flow meters intercepted gas flows at their highest velocities. Soil vapor extraction/sparge systems should be monitored at least once a month. The monitoring allows for fine tuning of the system. Sparging refers to air injection into the saturated zone of the aquifer in order to remove volatile organic substances. The sparge-point wellfield can be superimposed within the conceptual relationship of the double-well withdrawal/injection combination.
Extending low speed self-sensing via flux tracking with volt-second sensing (2017)

This paper introduces an enhanced speed self-sensing method that tracks stator flux linkage in electric machines at very low speeds. Volt-second sensing technology is used to mitigate the inverter nonlinearity, which is the major source of flux estimation error in the very low speed range. By integrating volt-second sensing in the Gopinath style closed-loop flux observer, the rotor speed information with more precision and lower noise is extracted from the estimated stator flux. Experimental results show that the proposed self-sensing method extends the low speed operating range, reduces the speed and torque ripple, and increases the disturbance rejection capability compared with the traditional self-sensing method based on back-EMF tracking. This research is sponsored by Toshiba Mitsubishi - Electric Industrial Systems Corporation (TMEIC), Fuchu, Japan.
Existence and nature of a smectic-A–hexatic-B–smectic-Ipoint (1986)

The binary-mixture phase diagram of n-propyl-4'-n-decyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate [3(10)OBC] and n-butyl-4'-n-decyloxybiphenyl-4-carboxylate [4(10)OBC] has been investigated by optical microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and heat-capacity studies. Here 3(10)OBC and 4(10)OBC have the isotropic (I)--smectic-A (SmA)--hexatic-B and I--SmA--smectic-I (SmI) transition sequence, respectively. This binary-mixture study reveals two new features, namely, the existence of the hexatic-B--SmI transition and a SmA--hexatic-B--SmI point where the relevant three phases coexist.
Irrelevant variability normalization in learning HMM state tying from data based on phonetic decision-tree (1999)

We propose to apply the concept of irrelevant variability normalization to the general problem of learning structure from data. Because of the problems of a diversified training data set and/or possible acoustic mismatches between training and testing conditions, the structure learned from the training data by using a maximum likelihood training method will not necessarily generalize well on mismatched tasks. We apply the above concept to the structural learning problem of phonetic decision-tree based hidden Markov model (HMM) state tying. We present a new method that integrates a linear-transformation based normalization mechanism into the decision-tree construction process to make the learned structure have a better modeling capability and generalizability. The viability and efficacy of the proposed method are confirmed in a series of experiments for continuous speech recognition of Mandarin Chinese.
Release of Histamine, Prostaglandins, and Leukotrienes after Antigen Challenge in Hayfever Subjects (1988)

Nasal washes before and at intervals after nasal challenge with mixed grass pollen extract were carried out in nine patients with allergic rhinitis and four control subjects. In the nasal wash, histamine was measured using the radioenzymatic method, prostaglandins (PGs) and leukotrienes (LTs) were measured by high pressure liquid chromatography. Control subjects did not react to allergen challenge. Small amounts of histamine (0.47 ± 0.23 ng/ml) and PGD 2 were found in the nasal fluid before challenge with no increase in either mediator after challenge. Leukotrienes were not found before or after challenge. Subjects with allergic rhinitis developed sneezing, rhinorrhea, and stuffy nose after challenge. High levels of histamine (5.3 ± 7.0 ng/ml) and PGD 2 (2.7 ± 3.2 ng/ml) were found in the first prechallenge wash even though the subjects were asymptomatic. The second prechallenge wash showed reduction of histamine (2.8 ± 5.2 ng/ml) and PGD 2 (1.4 ± 1.8 ng/ml). Five to 15 minutes after antigen challenge, there was a rise in histamine and PGD 2 in four of nine subjects. No LTs were detectable in the prechallenge wash. Five of nine subjects showed a rise in LTC 4 and/or LTE 4 , immediately after challenge. Our results showed that although nasal challenge with antigen can induce the release of mediators in seven of nine subjects with allergic rhinitis, the profile of mediator release was variable, and there was no correlation between the type or amount of mediator released and the severity of the nasal symptoms. The pathogenetic role of these mediators in pollenallergic rhinitis needs further evaluation.
Highly efficient, deep-red organic light-emitting devices using energy transfer from exciplexes (2017)

Record-breaking highly efficient, deep-red phosphorescent OLEDs are developed. The optimized device exhibits an external quantum efficiency of nearly 18% and an electroluminescence emission wavelength of 670 nm.
FOCUS ISSUE: CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY Normal QRS Duration and Resynchronization Electrical Signals Applied During the Absolute Refractory Period An Investigational Treatment for Advanced Heart Failure in Patients With Normal QRS Duration (2005)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment for patients with systolic ventricular dysfunction, prolonged (120 ms) QRS duration, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III or IV symptoms despite optimal medical therapy. However, studies show that a majority of heart failure patients have QRS duration 120 ms. We have been investigating the potential utility of cardiac contractility modulating (CCM) signals as a treatment option for such patients. Cardiac contractility modulating signals are non-excitatory signals applied during the absolute refractory period using a pacemaker-like device that connects to the heart with pacemaker leads. Acute studies carried out in animals and humans with heart failure suggest that CCM signals can enhance the strength of left ventricular contraction. Results of initial long-term studies designed mainly to demonstrate feasibility and provide preliminary indication of safety in patients with medically refractory NYHA functional class III heart failure are summarized. The results of these preclinical and clinical studies formed the basis for proceeding with two prospective, randomized clinical studies currently underway to definitively test the safety and efficacy of this treatment. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;46:2229 –36) © 2005 by the American College of Cardiology Foundation
Abstract LB-125: A novel telomerase inhibitor. (2013)

Abstract Telomeres are highly specialized structures that are found at the very ends of linear chromosomes. Normal human somatic cells progressively lose their telomeres with each cell division due to the end replication problem. Unlike most normal somatic cells, the vast majority of advanced cancers have telomerase activity, which overcomes the end replication problem by adding multiple TTAGGG sequences to the end of linear chromosomes. Because of the selective expression of this enzyme in cancer cells, it is an almost universal target for antitumor drug development. However, there are surprisingly few telomerase inhibitors in clinical trials. We have modified a chemotherapeutic antimetabolite agent, 6-thioguanine (6-thio-G) so that this newly synthesized compound targets telomeres while retaining its antimetabolite activity. 6-thio-dG is a nucleoside analogue that is recognized by telomerase and is incorporated into telomeres. Telomeric incorporation results in structurally modified telomeres, functionally uncapping the shelterin protective complex, resulting in telomere associated DNA damage foci. Here, we report that 6-thio-dG causes progressive telomere shortening independent from inhibition of telomerase activity and induces telomere dysfunction in HCT116 human colon cancer cell line. Combination of the telomerase inhibitor GRN163L, which is in advanced clinical trials, and 6-thio-dG have additive effects on telomere shortening in HCT116 cells. 6-thio-dG treatment altered HCT116 cellular morphology and killed most of these cells within 1 week. Normal BJ fibroblast cells, which are telomerase silent, were not affected by 6-thio-dG in either cell morphology after 1 week or in enhanced telomere shortening after long-term treatment. These results show that 6-thio-dG is a novel anti-cancer inhibitor and a potential therapeutic agent targeting both telomeres and general DNA damage. Citation Format: Ilgen Mender, Sergei Gryaznov, Zeliha Gunnur Dikmen, Woodring Wright, Jerry Shay. A novel telomerase inhibitor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-125. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-125
First Results From an X-ray, Weak Lensing, and Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect\n Survey of Nearby Clusters: Abell 3266 (2003)

As part of a combined Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect (SZE), X-ray and weak lensing\nsurvey of low redshift (z&lt;0.1) X-ray clusters, we present SZE images of the\nz=0.059 X-ray cluster Abell 3266 at three observing frequencies (150, 220, 275\nGHz) and after the spectral subtraction of primary Cosmic Microwave Background\n(CMB) anisotropies. These images were generated using the ACBAR bolometer array\noperated on the Viper telescope at the South Pole. The multi-frequency data\nfrom ACBAR should allow us to overcome one of the main obstacles facing the\nanalysis of SZE observations of nearby clusters, i.e. contamination from\nprimary Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) anisotropies.\n
Split-Field Drift Tube/Mass Spectrometry and Isotopic Labeling Techniques for Determination of Single Amino Acid Polymorphisms (2006)

A combination of split-field drift tube/mass spectrometry and isotopic labeling techniques is evaluated as a means of identifying single amino acid polymorphisms (SAAPs) in proteins. The method is demonstrated using cytochromec (equine and bovine) and hemoglobin (bovine and sheep). For these studies, proteins from different species are digested with trypsin, and the peptides are labeled at primary amine groups [using either a light (H(3))- or heavy (D(3))-isotopic reagent]. SAAP analysis is carried out by mixing the light-labeled peptides of one species with the heavy-labeled peptides of the other and electrospraying the resulting mixture into a split-field drift tube/mass spectrometer. Peptides having the same sequence in both species appear as doublets in the mass spectrum [shifted in mass-to-charge (m/z) according to the number of incorporated labels]; additionally, these species have identical mobility distributions. Peptides having sequences that differ by one amino acid appear as peaks in the mass spectrum that are shifted in m/z according to the mass difference associated with the SAAP and the number of incorporated labels. The ion mobility distributions for these peptides (differing by only a single amino acid) can often be rationalized by their expected similarities or differences providing additional evidence that they are related. In all, 12 and 26 peptide variants (between species) corresponding to 5 and 11 amino acid polymorphisms have been identified for the cytochrome c and hemoglobin protein samples, respectively.
Supplementary Figures from Immunologic Recognition of a Shared p53 Mutated Neoantigen in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 7&lt;/p&gt;
Strategies to design clinical studies to identify predictive biomarkers in cancer research (2016)

The discovery of reliable biomarkers to predict efficacy and toxicity of anticancer drugs remains one of the key challenges in cancer research. Despite its relevance, no efficient study designs to identify promising candidate biomarkers have been established. This has led to the proliferation of a myriad of exploratory studies using dissimilar strategies, most of which fail to identify any promising targets and are seldom validated. The lack of a proper methodology also determines that many anti-cancer drugs are developed below their potential, due to failure to identify predictive biomarkers. While some drugs will be systematically administered to many patients who will not benefit from them, leading to unnecessary toxicities and costs, others will never reach registration due to our inability to identify the specific patient population in which they are active. Despite these drawbacks, a limited number of outstanding predictive biomarkers have been successfully identified and validated, and have changed the standard practice of oncology. In this manuscript, a multidisciplinary panel reviews how those key biomarkers were identified and, based on those experiences, proposes a methodological framework-the DESIGN guidelines-to standardize the clinical design of biomarker identification studies and to develop future research in this pivotal field.
Mathematical Modeling Of The High Rate Activated Sludge System: Optimizing The Cod:N Ratio In The Process Effluent (2014)

This paper discusses the application of a high rate activated sludge (HRAS) model to describe the effects of varying specific operating parameters including SRT, DO, influent COD and temperature on the effluent COD:N ratio. This model will include process mechanisms for flocculation of particulate and colloidal substrate, hydrolysis, production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and intracellular storage products. The COD:N ratio would be suitable for a downstream nitritation/denitritation process implementing nitrite shunt. In the downstream process the goal is to eliminate nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) from the reactor while selecting for ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Based a data set collected from an A/B pilot scale process, a COD:N ratio of 7:1 was used to support the B-stage nitritation/denitritation process. The HRAS model was able to predict that a suitable COD:N ratio could be maintained at an SRT at or below 0.25 days. This was confirmed when the model results were compared to the A/B pilot data which showed a consistent COD:N ratio suitable to support the B-Stage nitritation/denitritation process at an SRT of approximately 0.2 d.
1061: Effect of Bilateral Cavernosal Nerve Resection on the Histological Alterations in the Penile Vascular System (2005)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 24,2005, 8:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 20051061: Effect of Bilateral Cavernosal Nerve Resection on the Histological Alterations in the Penile Vascular System Hugo H. Davila, Alejandro J. Miranda-Sousa, Istvan Kovanecz, Rafael E. Carrion, Camille Miller, Raoul Salup, Nestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid, and Jacob Rajfer Hugo H. DavilaHugo H. Davila More articles by this author , Alejandro J. Miranda-SousaAlejandro J. Miranda-Sousa More articles by this author , Istvan KovaneczIstvan Kovanecz More articles by this author , Rafael E. CarrionRafael E. Carrion More articles by this author , Camille MillerCamille Miller More articles by this author , Raoul SalupRaoul Salup More articles by this author , Nestor F. Gonzalez-CadavidNestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid More articles by this author , and Jacob RajferJacob Rajfer More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)35217-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1061: Effect of Bilateral Cavernosal Nerve Resection on the Histological Alterations in the Penile Vascular System." The Journal of Urology, 173(4S), p. 288 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 4SApril 2005Page: 288 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Hugo H. Davila More articles by this author Alejandro J. Miranda-Sousa More articles by this author Istvan Kovanecz More articles by this author Rafael E. Carrion More articles by this author Camille Miller More articles by this author Raoul Salup More articles by this author Nestor F. Gonzalez-Cadavid More articles by this author Jacob Rajfer More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Construction of Quaternary Stereocenters by Nickel‐Catalyzed Heck Cyclization Reactions (2016)

A nickel-catalyzed Heck cyclization for the construction of quaternary stereocenters is reported. This transformation is demonstrated in the synthesis of 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles, which are prevalent motifs seen in numerous biologically active molecules. The method shows broad scope, proceeds in synthetically useful yields, and provides a rare means to construct stereochemically complex frameworks by nonprecious-metal catalysis.
Fluid shear stress inhibits vascular inflammation by decreasing thioredoxin-interacting protein in endothelial cells (2005)

Regions in the vasculature that are exposed to steady laminar blood flow are protected from atherosclerosis as compared with regions where flow is disturbed. We found that flow decreased TNF-mediated VCAM1 expression by inhibiting JNK and p38. JNK inhibition correlated with inhibition of apoptosis signal–regulating kinase 1 (ASK1), a JNK and p38 activator. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is a stress-responsive protein that inhibits thioredoxin (TRX) activity. Since thioredoxin inhibits ASK1, we hypothesized that changes in TXNIP-TRX-ASK1 interactions mediate the antiinflammatory effects of flow. To explore this, we used perfused vessels and cultured ECs. Exposure of rabbit aortae or ECs to normal flow (12 dyn/cm2, 24 hours) was associated with decreased TXNIP expression and increased TRX activity compared with exposure to low flow (0.4 dyn/cm2). Normal flow inhibited TNF activation of JNK/p38 and VCAM1 expression. In cultured ECs, reduction of TXNIP expression by small interfering RNA increased TRX binding to ASK1 and inhibited TNF activation of JNK/p38 and VCAM1 expression. Conversely, overexpression of TXNIP stimulated JNK and p38. In aortae from TXNIP-deficient mice, TNF-induced VCAM1 expression was inhibited. The data suggest that TXNIP and TRX are key components of biomechanical signal transduction and establish them as potentially novel regulators of TNF signaling and inflammation in ECs.
Efficient Bayesian estimates for discrimination among topologically different systems biology models (2014)

A major effort in systems biology is the development of mathematical models that describe complex biological systems at multiple scales and levels of abstraction. Determining the topology-the set of interactions-of a biological system from observations of the system's behavior is an important and difficult problem. Here we present and demonstrate new methodology for efficiently computing the probability distribution over a set of topologies based on consistency with existing measurements. Key features of the new approach include derivation in a Bayesian framework, incorporation of prior probability distributions of topologies and parameters, and use of an analytically integrable linearization based on the Fisher information matrix that is responsible for large gains in efficiency. The new method was demonstrated on a collection of four biological topologies representing a kinase and phosphatase that operate in opposition to each other with either processive or distributive kinetics, giving 8-12 parameters for each topology. The linearization produced an approximate result very rapidly (CPU minutes) that was highly accurate on its own, as compared to a Monte Carlo method guaranteed to converge to the correct answer but at greater cost (CPU weeks). The Monte Carlo method developed and applied here used the linearization method as a starting point and importance sampling to approach the Bayesian answer in acceptable time. Other inexpensive methods to estimate probabilities produced poor approximations for this system, with likelihood estimation showing its well-known bias toward topologies with more parameters and the Akaike and Schwarz Information Criteria showing a strong bias toward topologies with fewer parameters. These results suggest that this linear approximation may be an effective compromise, providing an answer whose accuracy is near the true Bayesian answer, but at a cost near the common heuristics.