gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and theoretical studies of single frequency PCF amplifier with output of 400 W (2010)

We report on experimental and theoretical investigations of single frequency high power PCF amplifiers. A model describing the interplay among laser gain, thermals effects, and SBS was developed to study the power limitations of single frequency amplifiers in general, and PCF amplifiers in particular. A distributed noise term was used to initiate the SBS process with the Stokes light spanning multi-frequency channels. The use of thermal and acoustic gradients in conjunction was considered and indicated marginal improvement. In the set of experiments, slope efficiencies as high as 77% were obtained with a maximum output of 427 W. The linewidth was measured and yielded values that were less than 10 KHz. A pump-probe measurement of the Brillouin gain spectrum revealed secondary peaks lying at the highfrequency side. Measurements conducted on a novel PCF, specifically designed to utilize thermal and acoustic gradients in conjunction, showed the existence of two primary gain peaks.
Manual Control of Higher Order Systems (1980)

This work is concerned with the extended signal quickening, a technique for manual control of higher order plants with little or no damping. It has been shown that adding first and/or higher order derivatives to the error signal and displaying the combined signal are effective in facilitating human control over such plant. This technique was first proposed by Birmingham and Taylor, and is called “Signal Quickening”. The signal quickening is further extended to incorporate future reference trajectory variation into displayed signals so as to minimize the tracking error. The design of extended signal quickening systems is based on the discrete time optimal control theory.The experiments for a triple integrator plant with a pure time delay indicate the effectiveness of the proposed method for achieving high quality tracking. The extended signal quickening is also shown to be effective under the following realistic conditions: 1) imperfect measurement of plant state variables, 2) presence of input noise.
Web-Based Resources for Clinical Bioinformatics (2008)

In the post-Human Genome Project era, awareness of the resources available through the internet is essential to both molecular biologists and clinicians. An overview of the main databases and analytical tools described in this chapter is important to understand the principles upon which hypotheses are generated, experiments are based and conclusions reached. Similarly, an introduction to the terminology of these resources often facilitates their use and adoption into practice. This chapter covers database resources such as NCBI/ Entrez, Ensembl and UCSC as well as analytical tools for sequence alignment, promoter analysis and molecular interactions.
Carbamoyl Anion Addition to Nitrones (2014)

The addition of carbamoyl anions derived from N,N-disubstituted formamides and LDA to N-tert-butyl nitrones is described. The reaction was demonstrated with a variety of formamides and nitrones and provided a direct route to α-(N-hydroxy)amino amides. The use of a tert-leucinol derived chiral auxiliary on the nitrone provided products in good diastereoselectivity. Derivatization of the products by tert-butyl deprotection or N-deoxygenation was demonstrated.
A Method for the Traveling Salesman Problem Based on the Genetic Algorithm (1995)

The genetic algorithm (GA) is an optimization technique simulating the process of natural evolution, and it has been successfully applied to several optimization problems which are difficult to solve exactly by conventional methods. This paper proposes a new method for solving the traveling salesman problem (TSP) based on the GA. In applications of GA to TSP proposed so far, a coding where the chromosome represents a list of cities arrayed in the visiting order has been mainly used. However, in such a coding, we have to devise a crossover operator that keeps each chromosome to be a permutation, and it inevitably causes a difficulty in inheritance of tour characteristics.The present paper proposes a new method in which a genetic coding represents edges of the tour, and a crossover operator exchanges the edges of the parent tours. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through several computational experiments, including a comparison with another typical method. Furthermore, the paper proposes an algorithm which combines GA with the 2-opt method, a local search technique. The effectiveness of this algorithm is also confirmed through a comparison with other methods for solving the TSP.
Novel treatments and therapies in development for pancreatic cancer (2002)

Until recently, 5-fluorouracil was the most widely used treatment for non-resectable pancreatic cancer. This treatment, however, only resulted in a median survival time of approximately 4 months. In the last few years, gemcitabine has rapidly become the new treatment benchmark, due more to its superior clinical benefit rather than to it conferring an increased median survival (approximately 5-6 months). Thus, the outlook for patients with pancreatic cancer is still relatively bleak. A number of new treatment options are presently being investigated. Some of these are combination therapies involving gemcitabine and other chemotherapeutic agents or radiation. Other novel treatment strategies are also already being evaluated in clinical studies. Some of the more promising treatments in development are discussed and evaluated in this article.
Enhanced electron mobility and high order fractional quantum Hall states in AlAs quantum wells (2002)

We report improvements in the quality of two-dimensional (2D) electrons in modulation-doped AlAs quantum wells, leading to electron mobilities as high as 31 m2/Vs, a ten-fold increase over the mobility of previous AlAs samples. Confirming the quality of our quantum wells, developing fractional quantum Hall states are observed in the first Landau level at high order filling factors ν=2/5, 3/5, 3/7, 4/7, and 4/9, and at larger fillings, at ν=4/3, 5/3, 7/3, 8/3, 8/5, and 11/3. Thanks to the much larger effective mass and g factor of AlAs 2D electrons compared to GaAs, and to the possible multivalley occupancy of AlAs 2D electrons, our improved systems help bring a wider scope to the investigation of low-disorder, interacting 2D electrons.
Rubus idaeus extract improves symptoms in knee osteoarthritis patients: results from a phase II double-blind randomized controlled trial (2022)

NCT03703024 (11/10/2018).
Semantic lexicon adaptation for use in query interpretation (2010)

We describe improvements to the use of semantic lexicons by a state-of-the-art query interpretation system powering a major search engine. We successfully compute concept label importance information for lexicon strings; lexicon augmentation with such information leads to a 6.4% precision increase on affected queries with no query coverage loss. Finally, lexicon filtering based on label importance leads to a 13% precision increase, but at the expense of query coverage.
Space Shuttle radargrammetry results (1986)

Preliminary results on the radargrammetric processing of SIR-A and SIR-B data are presented. Radargrammetric processing was applied to images of the Trinity National Forest in Northern California, the islands of Cephalonia, Ithaka, and Sardegna, Mt. Shasta, and Cordon La Grasa, Argentina. The preliminary processing of the SIR-A and SIR-B data has produced digital elevation models, stereo models, and a contour map.
Cytotoxic Effects of TGF-α-Pseudomonas Exotoxin A Fusion Protein in Human Pancreatic Carcinoma Cells (1996)

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is overexpressed in human pancreatic cancers and cultured cell lines. TP40 is a chimeric protein composed of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) linked to a modified Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE40) that exerts growth inhibitory effects on cells bearing a high number of EGF receptors. Therefore, we compared the effect of TP40 on the growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), cells expressing varying levels of the EGF receptor and on the growth of two human pancreatic cancer cell lines. The growth of CHO cells devoid of endogenous EGF receptors was minimally altered by high concentrations of TP40, even following a 72-h incubation period. In contrast, in CHO cells expressing approximately 95,000 and 438,000 EGF receptors per cell, one-half maximal growth inhibition occurred at 5 and 3 ng/ml TP40, respectively. Following a 72-h incubation in T3M4 and COLO 357 human pancreatic cancer cells, one-half maximal growth inhibition occurred at 0.2 and 0.4 ng/ml TP40, respectively. This effect was significantly greater than that of native Pseudomonas exotoxin A. These findings indicate that human pancreatic cancer cells are markedly sensitive to the growth inhibitory effects of TP40 and raise the possibility that TP40 may have a therapeutic role in this disorder.
Phenotype and Effector Function of CC Chemokine Receptor 9-Expressing Lymphocytes in Small Intestinal Crohn’s Disease (2007)

CCL25/CCR9 chemokine ligand/receptor pair has been reported to play an important role in small bowel (SB) immunity and inflammation. We have previously reported an aberrant SB expression of CCL25 in Crohn's disease (CD) and an increased frequency of CCR9(+) T cells in the peripheral blood of patients with SB inflammatory diseases such as CD and celiac disease. In this study, we have characterized the phenotype and effector function of CCR9(+) T cells in mucosal lymphoid tissues in CD. We show that CCR9(+) T cells isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) draining CD SB express a more activated phenotype compared with MLN draining normal SB. Stimulation of CCR9(+) T cells isolated from CD SB lamina propria produced more IFN-gamma and IL-17 in response to anti-CD3 or IL-12/IL-18 stimulation compared with those isolated from normal SB. The addition of TL1A to the cytokine combination markedly augmented the secretion of IFN-gamma, but not IL-17, by CD lamina propria CCR9(+) T cells. CCL25 incubation of CD SB lamina propria lymphocytes and MLN lymphocytes increased their adhesion to VCAM-1/Fc in vitro. Finally, the TCRVbeta analysis of CCR9(+) T cells revealed a diverse TCRVbeta repertoire among MLN CCR9(+) T cells in patients with SB CD. Our data indicate that CCR9(+) T cells in SB CD are proinflammatory and support the rationale for the use of CCR9 antagonists for the treatment of human SB CD.
An MILP approach for real-time optimal controller synthesis with Metric Temporal Logic specifications (2016)

The fundamental idea of this work is to synthesize reactive controllers such that closed-loop execution trajectories of the system satisfies desired specifications that ensure correct system behaviors, while optimizing a desired performance criteria. We define the correctness of a system's behavior according to the system's relation to the environment, for example, the output trajectories of the system terminate in a goal set without entering an unsafe set. Using Metric Temporal Logic (MTL) specifications we can capture complex system behaviors and timing requirements, such as the output trajectories must pass through a number of way-points within a certain time frame before terminating in the goal set. Given a Mixed Logical Dynamical (MLD) system and system specifications in terms of MTL formula or simpler reach-avoid specifications, our goal is to find a closed-loop trajectory that satisfies the specifications, in non-deterministic environments. Using an MILP framework we search over the space of input signals to obtain such valid trajectories of the system, by adding constraints to satisfy the MTL formula only when necessary, to avoid the exponential complexity of solving MILP problems. We also present experimental results for planning a path in real-time for a mobile robot through a dynamically changing environment with a desired task specification.
Matrix metalloproteinase‐19 deficient fibroblasts display a profibrotic phenotype (1046.4) (2014)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and usually lethal interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology characterized by aberrant activation of epitelial cells that induce the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblast/myofibroblasts. The resulting distinctive fibroblastic foci are responsible of the excessive extracellular matrix production. We have recently found that Mmp19‐/‐ mice develop an exaggerated bleomycin‐induced lung fibrosis but the mechanisms are unclear. In this study we explored the effect of MMP19 deficiency on fibroblast behavior. Compared with wild type mice, Mmp19‐/‐ lung fibroblasts showed a decreased expression of Th1‐1 (p&lt;0.01), and alpha 1 (I) collagen gene and collagen protein production at baseline and after TGF‐β treatment (p&lt; 0.05). Likewise, they showed a significant increase in growth rate (p&lt; 0.01), and in transmigration over Boyden chambers coated with type I collagen or with Matrigel (p&lt; 0.05). Microarray analysis revealed the upregulation of several profibrotic pathways in Mmp19‐/‐ lung fibroblasts. These findings suggest that the absence of MMP19 induces in lung fibroblasts a profibrotic phenotype. Grant Funding Source : CONACyT 177641
Highly crystalline 3D graphene (2023)

Disclosed here is a composition comprising at least one graphene aerogel comprising a three-dimensional structure of graphene sheets, wherein the graphene sheets are covalently interconnected, and wherein the graphene aerogel is highly crystalline. Also described is a method for making a graphene aerogel, comprising preparing a mixture comprising a graphene oxide suspension and at least one catalyst; curing the reaction mixture to produce a wet gel; drying the wet gel to produce a dry gel; and pyrolyzing the dry gel at a temperature of 1500-3500° C. to produce the graphene aerogel.
Baseline-free damage detection through mode separation of lamb waves using self-sensing piezoelectric wafer transducers (2009)

This research is supported by the Radiation Technology Program under Korea
Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) and the Ministry of Science and
Technology (M20703000015-07N0300-01510) and Korea Research Foundation
(D00462).
P‐165: Use of Lyotropic Liquid Crystals for Patterned Polarizer and Retarder Applications (2006)

Abstract We have developed a technique to pattern arrays of polarizers and retarders using an automated fluid dispensing system in conjunction with lyotropic liquid crystal polarizer technology. The resulting patterned optical elements have potential in flexible, stereoscopic and transflective displays.
A Label-free Multicolor Optical Surface Tomography (ALMOST) imaging method for nontransparent 3D samples (2019)

Thus, our new modality for spectral/color, macro/mesoscopic 3D imaging can be applied to a variety of model organisms and enables the longitudinal surface dynamics during development to be revealed.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from Integrative Analysis of Proteomic Signatures, Mutations, and Drug Responsiveness in the NCI 60 Cancer Cell Line Set (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-4 from Integrative Analysis of Proteomic Signatures, Mutations, and Drug Responsiveness in the NCI 60 Cancer Cell Line Set
Multiple Hypothesis Colorization (2016)

In this work we focus on the problem of colorization for image compression. Since color information occupies a large proportion of the total storage size of an image, a method that can predict accurate color from its grayscale version can produce dramatic reduction in image file size. But colorization for compression poses several challenges. First, while colorization for artistic purposes simply involves predicting plausible chroma, colorization for compression requires generating output colors that are as close as possible to the ground truth. Second, many objects in the real world exhibit multiple possible colors. Thus, to disambiguate the colorization problem some additional information must be stored to reproduce the true colors with good accuracy. To account for the multimodal color distribution of objects we propose a deep tree-structured network that generates multiple color hypotheses for every pixel from a grayscale picture (as opposed to a single color produced by most prior colorization approaches). We show how to leverage the multimodal output of our model to reproduce with high fidelity the true colors of an image by storing very little additional information. In the experiments we show that our proposed method outperforms traditional JPEG color coding by a large margin, producing colors that are nearly indistinguishable from the ground truth at the storage cost of just a few hundred bytes for high-resolution pictures!
Multiple scattering of sound (2000)

Abstract We present a topical review which summarizes the main contributions to ‘multiple scattering of acoustic and elastic waves’ including the most recent advances. The review is divided into five main parts. In the first part, the effects of multiple scattering on ultrasonic propagation are illustrated on the basis of three experimental examples. In the second and third parts, we present the two possible descriptions for the propagation of an acoustic wave in a random medium. The first one is based on the study of the coherent wave, i.e. the wave amplitude averaged over disorder, whereas the second one deals with the propagation of the incoherent intensity, i.e. the intensity averaged over disorder. We especially insist on the microscopic basis for the phenomenological radiative transfer equation and show how it can be solved in the diffusion approximation. The theory is illustrated with experimental results obtained on a two-dimensional multiple-scattering prototype made of thousands of steel rods randomly distributed and immersed in water. In the fourth part, we present experimental evidence that the diffusion equation fails in describing all the aspects of the propagation of an acoustic wave in a random medium: e.g. the coherent backscattering effect recently observed for ultrasonic waves. We show that this effect arises as a consequence of reciprocity. Finally, in the fifth part, we discuss another property which is not taken into account in the radiative transfer theory: the reversibility of an acoustic wave propagating in a disordered medium.
A stem cell reporter based platform to identify and target drug resistant stem cells in myeloid leukemia (2020)

Intratumoral heterogeneity is a common feature of many myeloid leukemias and a significant reason for treatment failure and relapse. Thus, identifying the cells responsible for residual disease and leukemia re-growth is critical to better understanding how they are regulated. Here, we show that a knock-in reporter mouse for the stem cell gene Musashi 2 (Msi2) allows identification of leukemia stem cells in aggressive myeloid malignancies, and provides a strategy for defining their core dependencies. Specifically, we carry out a high throughput screen using Msi2-reporter blast crisis chronic myeloid leukemia (bcCML) and identify several adhesion molecules that are preferentially expressed in therapy resistant bcCML cells and play a key role in bcCML. In particular, we focus on syndecan-1, whose deletion triggers defects in bcCML growth and propagation and markedly improves survival of transplanted mice. Further, live imaging reveals that the spatiotemporal dynamics of leukemia cells are critically dependent on syndecan signaling, as loss of this signal impairs their localization, migration and dissemination to distant sites. Finally, at a molecular level, syndecan loss directly impairs integrin β<sub>7</sub> function, suggesting that syndecan exerts its influence, at least in part, by coordinating integrin activity in bcCML. These data present a platform for delineating the biological underpinnings of leukemia stem cell function, and highlight the Sdc1-Itgβ7 signaling axis as a key regulatory control point for bcCML growth and dissemination.
Exploitation ofArabidopsis-tomato synteny to construct a high-resolution map of theovate-containing region in tomato chromosome 2 (2001)

High-resolution genetic and physical maps were constructed for the region of chromosome 2 containing the major fruit-shape locus ovate. A total of 3,000 NIL F2 and F3 NILs derived from Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Yellow Pear (TA503) x L. pennellii (a wild tomato) were used to position ovate adjacent to the marker TG645 and flanked by markers TX700 and BA10R (a 0.03-cM interval). BAC libraries and a BIBAC library were screened with the closest marker, TG645. Genetic mapping with the ends of isolated BAC clones revealed that two BAC clones (100 and 140 kb) both contained the ovate locus. Screening of sequences from these BAC clones revealed synteny between this segment of tomato chromosome 2 and the chromosome-4 region of Arabidopsis containing the BAC clone ATAP22. Microsynteny between the two genomes was exploited to find additional markers near the ovate locus. The placement of ovate on a BAC clone will now allow cloning of this locus and, hence, may open the door to understanding the molecular basis of fruit development and also facilitate the genetic engineering of fruit-shape characteristics. This also represents the first time that microsynteny with Arabidopsis has been exploited for positional cloning purposes in a different plant family.
Protein kinase C isotype expression and regulation of lymphoid cell motility (1996)

Lymphocyte migration into inflammatory sites involves a change from a spherical, non-motile phenotype to an irregular, constantly shape-changing, motile phenotype. We have previously shown that lymphocytes are maintained in the non-motile state by the constitutive activity of protein kinase C (PKC). In this paper we have attempted to identify the PKC isotype which regulates these morphological changes by three different approaches. (a) Motile and non-motile T-cell lines were compared for expression of the alpha, beta I, beta II, gamma, delta, epsilon, eta, zeta and theta isotypes by Western blotting. There was no obvious correlation of isotype expression with motility. (b) Two different PKC inhibitors, one specific for classical isotypes, Go6976 and the other GF109203X, which inhibits both classical and non-classical isotypes were compared for induction of motility in non-motile lymphocytes. Only GF109203X induced motility implying that a non-classical isotype is involved. (c) Non-motile lymphocytes were chronically treated with the PKC activator bryostatin and the time courses of induction of motility and downregulation of PKC isotypes were compared. Induction of motility correlated better with downregulation of epsilon, eta and theta than with alpha or beta. It is concluded that the data fit best with the involvement of a non-classical PKC isotype in regulating lymphocyte motility although no association with a particular isotype was found.
Brain microstructural changes support cognitive deficits in HIV uninfected children born to HIV infected mothers (2020)

The presence of brain tissue changes and neurocognitive function deficit in absence of HIV infection in HUC indicates that ART may have a detrimental impact on the developing brain. The findings of the current study underscore the need for screening of ART exposed children for neurodevelopment and cognitive abnormalities at an early stage and call for access to early interventions, and nutritional and care programs.