gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SIFA: Exploiting Ineffective Fault Inductions on Symmetric Cryptography (2018)

Since the seminal work of Boneh et al., the threat of fault attacks has been widely known and techniques for fault attacks and countermeasures have been studied extensively. The vast majority of the literature on fault attacks focuses on the ability of fault attacks to change an intermediate value to a faulty one, such as differential fault analysis (DFA), collision fault analysis, statistical fault attack (SFA), fault sensitivity analysis, or differential fault intensity analysis (DFIA). The other aspect of faults—that faults can be induced and do not change a value—has been researched far less. In case of symmetric ciphers, ineffective fault attacks (IFA) exploit this aspect. However, IFA relies on the ability of an attacker to reliably induce reproducible deterministic faults like stuck-at faults on parts of small values (e.g., one bit or byte), which is often considered to be impracticable.As a consequence, most countermeasures against fault attacks do not focus on such attacks, but on attacks exploiting changes of intermediate values and usually try to detect such a change (detection-based), or to destroy the exploitable information if a fault happens (infective countermeasures). Such countermeasures implicitly assume that the release of “fault-free” ciphertexts in the presence of a fault-inducing attacker does not reveal any exploitable information. In this work, we show that this assumption is not valid and we present novel fault attacks that work in the presence of detection-based and infective countermeasures. The attacks exploit the fact that intermediate values leading to “fault-free” ciphertexts show a non-uniform distribution, while they should be distributed uniformly. The presented attacks are entirely practical and are demonstrated to work for software implementations of AES and for a hardware co-processor. These practical attacks rely on fault induction by means of clock glitches and hence, are achieved using only low-cost equipment. This is feasible because our attack is very robust under noisy fault induction attempts and does not require the attacker to model or profile the exact fault effect. We target two types of countermeasures as examples: simple time redundancy with comparison and several infective countermeasures. However, our attacks can be applied to a wider range of countermeasures and are not restricted to these two countermeasures.
Effect of Relative Humidity on Oxidation of Flaxseed Oil in Spray Dried Whey Protein Emulsions (2008)

Flaxseed oil was emulsified in whey protein isolate (WPI) and spray-dried. Powder characteristics and oxidative stability of oil at relative humidities (RH) from RH approximately 0% to RH 91% at 37 degrees C were analyzed. Oil droplets retained their forms in drying and reconstitution, but the original droplet size of the emulsion was not restored when the powder was dispersed in water. The particles seemed to be covered by a protein-rich surface layer as analyzed by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA). Oxidation of flaxseed oil dispersed in the WPI matrix was retarded from that of bulk oil but followed the same pattern as bulk oil with respect to humidity. A high rate of oxidation was found for both low and high humidity conditions. The lowest rate of oxidation as followed by peroxide values was found at RH 75%, a condition that is likely to diverge significantly from the monolayer moisture value. A weak baseline transition observed for the WPI matrix in a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogram suggested a glassy state of the matrix at all storage conditions. This was not consistent with the observed caking of the powder at RH 91%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed a considerable structural change in the WPI matrix in these conditions, which was suggested to be linked with a higher rate of oxygen transport. Possible mechanisms for oxygen transport in the whey protein matrix under variable RHs are discussed.
Handcrafted and Deep Trackers (2019)

In recent years, visual object tracking has become a very active research area. An increasing number of tracking algorithms are being proposed each year. It is because tracking has wide applications in various real-world problems such as human-computer interaction, autonomous vehicles, robotics, surveillance, and security just to name a few. In the current study, we review latest trends and advances in the tracking area and evaluate the robustness of different trackers based on the feature extraction methods. The first part of this work includes a comprehensive survey of the recently proposed trackers. We broadly categorize trackers into Correlation Filter based Trackers (CFTs) and Non-CFTs. Each category is further classified into various types based on the architecture and the tracking mechanism. In the second part of this work, we experimentally evaluated 24 recent trackers for robustness and compared handcrafted and deep feature based trackers. We observe that trackers using deep features performed better, though in some cases a fusion of both increased performance significantly. To overcome the drawbacks of the existing benchmarks, a new benchmark Object Tracking and Temple Color (OTTC) has also been proposed and used in the evaluation of different algorithms. We analyze the performance of trackers over 11 different challenges in OTTC and 3 other benchmarks. Our study concludes that Discriminative Correlation Filter (DCF) based trackers perform better than the others. Our study also reveals that inclusion of different types of regularizations over DCF often results in boosted tracking performance. Finally, we sum up our study by pointing out some insights and indicating future trends in the visual object tracking field.
Analysis of the Role of Negative T Cell Costimulatory Pathways in CD4 and CD8 T Cell-Mediated Alloimmune Responses In Vivo (2005)

Negative costimulatory signals mediated via cell surface molecules such as CTLA-4 and programmed death 1 (PD-1) play a critical role in down-modulating immune responses and maintaining peripheral tolerance. However, their role in alloimmune responses remains unclear. This study examined the role of these inhibitory pathways in regulating CD28-dependent and CD28-independent CD4 and CD8 alloreactive T cells in vivo. CTLA-4 blockade accelerated graft rejection in C57BL/6 wild-type recipients and in a proportion of CD4(-/-) but not CD8(-/-) recipients of BALB/c hearts. The same treatment led to prompt rejection in CD28(-/-) and a smaller proportion of CD4(-/-)CD28(-/-) mice with no effect in CD8(-/-)CD28(-/-) recipients. These results indicate that the CTLA-4:B7 pathway provides a negative signal to alloreactive CD8(+) T cells, particularly in the presence of CD28 costimulation. In contrast, PD-1 blockade led to accelerated rejection of heart allografts only in CD28(-/-) and CD8(-/-)CD28(-/-) recipients. Interestingly, PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) blockade led to accelerated rejection in wild-type mice and in all recipients lacking CD28 costimulation. This effect was accompanied by expansion of IFN-gamma-producing alloreactive T cells and enhanced generation of effector T cells in rejecting allograft recipients. Thus, the PD-1:PD-L1 pathway down-regulates alloreactive CD4 T cells, particularly in the absence of CD28 costimulation. The differential effects of PD-1 vs PD-L1 blockade support the possible existence of a new receptor other than PD-1 for negative signaling through PD-L1. Furthermore, PD-1:PD-L1 pathway can regulate alloimmune responses independent of an intact CD28/CTLA-4:B7 pathway. Harnessing physiological mechanisms that regulate alloimmunity should lead to development of novel strategies to induce durable and reproducible transplantation tolerance.
Interplay between hepatitis B virus and innate immune signaling pathways (2015)

The liver features many immunological functions, due to the large number of resident specialized immune cells, as well as immune-related properties of nonparenchymal and hepatocyte cells, and contributes to pathogen clearance from the bloodstream. Among the microorganisms infecting this organ, the hepatitis B virus (HBV) displays a unique interaction with intrahepatic immune signaling pathways. HBV has long been considered as a “stealth” virus, since its life cycle seems to completely evade detection by ad hoc immune innate sensors/receptors. However, growing evidence suggests that HBV is, indeed, recognized by the innate immune system, but has evolved strategies to counteract immune responses in order to establish persistent infection in a large number of individuals. This, in turn, has clinical implications for the pathogenesis of chronic HBV infections and the development of future antiviral treatments.
In vivo inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth by sulfamoylated derivatives of 2-methoxyestradiol, STX 140 and STX 641 (2006)

4696 The natural estrogen metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol, inhibits cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis in vitro but is rapidly inactivated in vivo by oxidation and sulfo-conjugation. In this study we have tested the ability of 2-methoxyestradiol- bis -sulfamate (STX 140) and a C17 modified analog, 2-methoxy-3- O -sulfamoyl-17β-cyanomethyl estra-1,3,5-triene (STX 641) to inhibit in vivo angiogenesis and the growth of xenografts derived from MCF-7 breast caner cells. For the in vivo angiogenesis testing C57BL/6J mice were injected subcutaneously with Matrigel with or without bFGF (500ng) supplement. Twenty four hours later mice were dosed orally with compounds (20mg/kg daily for 4 days). On day 7 mice were injected with FITC-Dextran (0.1ml intravenously) to visualize and quantify angiogenesis, after dispase digestion, in the recovered Matrigel plugs. Both STX 140 and STX 641 completely inhibited bFGF-induced angiogenesis (p nu/nu ) bearing MCF-7 cell-derived tumors, daily oral dosing with compounds (20mg/kg for 5 days/week for 3 weeks) reduced tumor volumes by 53 ± 13% (STX 140) and 22 ± 7% (STX 641). 2-Methoxyestradiol (20mg/kg) had no effect on tumor growth. Immuno-histochemical analysis of tumors revealed that both STX140 and STX641 caused a significant decrease (p
Novel evidence that the ABO blood group shapes erythropoiesis and results in higher hematocrit for blood group B carriers (2023)

The ABO blood group (BG) system is of great importance for blood transfusion and organ transplantation. Since the same transcription factors (TFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) govern the expression of ABO BG antigens and regulate erythropoiesis, we hypothesized functional connections between both processes. We found significantly higher hemoglobin and hematocrit values in BG B blood donors compared to BG A. Furthermore, we observed that erythropoiesis in BG B hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) was accelerated compared to BG A HSPCs. Specifically, BG B HSPCs yielded more lineage-specific progenitors in a shorter time (B: 31.3 ± 2.2% vs. A: 22.5 ± 3.0%). Moreover, non-BG A individuals exhibited more terminally differentiated RBCs with higher enucleation rates containing more hemoglobin compared to BG A. Additionally, we detected increased levels of miRNA-215-5p and -182-5p and decreased expression of their target TFs RUNX1 and HES-1 mRNAs in erythroid BG B precursor cells compared to BG A. This highlights the important roles of these factors for the disappearance of differentiation-specific glycan antigens and the appearance of cancer-specific glycan antigens. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of erythropoiesis gene regulatory networks and identifies its interference with BG-specific gene expression regulations particularly in diseases, where ABO BGs determine treatment susceptibility and disease progression.
Cellular Image Processing Techniques for VLSI Circuit Layout Validation and Routing (1982)

The architecture of the Cytocomputer?, an existing special-purpose, pipelined cellular image processor, is described. A formalism used to express cellular operations on images is then given. Cellular image processing algorithms are then developed that perform (1) design rule checks (DRC's) on VLSI circuit layouts, and (2) Lee-type wire routing. Two sets of cellular image processing transformations for checking the Mead and Conway design rules and for Lee-routing have been defined and used to program the Cytocomputer. Some experimental results are shown for these cellular implementations.
Supplementary Materials and Methods and Figures 1-3 from Potent Immunomodulatory Effects of the Trifunctional Antibody Catumaxomab (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 115K, upplemental Figure 1. Activation of CD4+ T cells by CatmAb in mixed lymphocyte tumor cocultures. Supplemental Figure 2. Activation of CD8+ T cells by CatmAb in mixed lymphocyte tumor cocultures. Supplemental Figure 3. Activation of NK cells by CatmAb in mixed lymphocyte tumor cocultures.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Iron‐Catalyzed Kumada Cross‐Coupling Reactions Utilizing Flow Technology under Low Catalyst Loadings. (2016)

Abstract The first continuous flow iron‐catalyzed Kumada cross‐coupling is developed for the coupling of 2‐chloropyrazine and various aryl Grignard reagents using low catalyst loadings (0.5 mol‐%).
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of temperature profiles (1986)

Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging using 81Br is used to obtain measurements of an inhomogeneous temperature distribution in KBr. Possible applications of the technique are presented.
Story Version Control and Graphical Visualization for Collaborative Story Authoring (2017)

This paper presents a story version control and graphical visualization framework to enhance collaborative story authoring. We propose a media-agnostic story representation based on story beats, events, and participants that describes the flow of events in a storyline. We develop tree edit distance operations for this representation and use them to build the core features for story version control, including visual diff, conflict detection, and conflict resolution using three-way merge. Our system allows authors to work independently on the same story while providing the ability to automatically synchronize their efforts and resolve conflicts that may arise. We further enhance the collaborative authoring process using visualizations derived from the version control database that visually encode relationships between authors, characters, and story elements, during the evolution of the narrative. We demonstrate the efficacy of our system by integrating it within an existing visual storyboarding tool for authoring animated stories, and additionally use it to collaboratively author stories using video and images. We evaluate the usability of our system though two user studies. Our results reveal that untrained users are able to use and benefit from our system. Additionally, users are able to correctly interpret the graphical visualizations and perceive it to benefit collaboration during the story authoring process.
SIE-OBI (2010)

Emerging business intelligence (BI) applications aim to provide situational awareness, i.e., information about real-world events that might affect the business operations of an enterprise. For instance, an enterprise might want to know whether customers are posting positive or negative comments about a new product it has just introduced; or whether some natural disaster affects its contracted suppliers. It is difficult to develop such applications today because they require extracting and correlating facts from multiple streaming and stored data sources, typically including unstructured data, which is not well supported by BI platforms today. In this paper, we describe SIE-OBI, a system that we are developing to enable the development and execution of such applications. We describe the novel features of this system, including a declarative interface for rapidly developing such applications, and a platform for optimizing and executing the applications. We illustrate its applicability through two use cases.
Comprehensive intervention for the management of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia (2011)

Our comprehensive intervention for the management of elderly patients with aspiration pneumonia achieved a significant improvement in 1-year RFS.
Abstract TP487: Comprehensive Profiling of Secreted Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Moyamoya Disease Patients (2020)

Background: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a chronic cerebrovascular disease characterized by progressive occlusion of the internal carotid arteries leading to ischemic and hemorrhagic events. The underlying pathogenesis of MMD remains unclear. In this study we investigated key secreted molecules in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MMD patients including relation to the extent of neovascularization and eventual functional outcomes. Methods: This study included intraoperative CSF collected from 32 controls (Chiari malformation and cranial nerve hyperactive syndromes) and 73 MMD patients (ischemic: 39; hemorrhagic: 34) that underwent combined direct and indirect superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery revascularization procedure. 62 factors were analyzed using multiplex luminex assay, including angiogenic growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRBP1) was also measured using ELISA. Functional outcome was assessed using the modified Rankin scale score (mRS). Matsushima criteria was used for grading the neovascularization. Results: Forty molecules were significantly elevated in both MMD subtypes in comparison with controls. The common top highly secreted CSF proteins included platelet-derived growth factor bb, chemokine ligand 5 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (p&lt;0.001). CRBP1 and other growth factors such as brain-derived nerve growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor were also elevated in both MMD subtypes (p&lt;0.01). Our results also revealed a number of proteins not previously reported in MMD. Ingenuity pathway analysis indicated that the ischemic and hemorrhagic MMD subtypes exhibited similar cellular/molecular functions and pathways including cellular activation, migration and inflammatory response. Interestingly, while neuro-inflammation and dendritic cell pathways were activated in MMD patients, lipid signaling pathways involving nuclear receptors PPAR and LXR/RXR signaling were inhibited. Conclusions: CSF analysis revealed that a number of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are elevated in both MMD subtypes. These molecules potentially contribute to the pathogenesis of MMD and could be potential future therapeutic targets.
Switch recombination breakpoints are strictly correlated with DNA recognition motifs for immunoglobulin S gamma 3 DNA-binding proteins. (1992)

The deletion looping out model of switch (S) recombination predicts that the intervening DNA between switch regions will be excised as a circle. Circular excision products of immunoglobulin switch recombination have been recently isolated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated spleen cells. The recombination breakpoints in these large circles were found to fall within switch regions. Since switch recombination is clearly focused on switch regions, we hypothesized that some DNA-binding protein factor might be involved in specifically recognizing and facilitating the alignment of switch regions before recombination. Two DNA-binding proteins that specifically interact with two discrete regions of the S gamma 3 tandem repeat have been identified in crude and partially purified nuclear extracts derived from LPS- and dextran sulfate (DxS)-activated splenic B cells. The first factor has been found indistinguishable from NF-kappa B by mobility shift assays, methylation interference, competition binding studies, and supershift analysis using an antiserum specific for the p50 component. The second appears to be composed of two closely traveling mobilities that do not separate upon partial purification. This second complex is unique and specific for S gamma 3 by methylation interference assays and competition-binding analysis. The sites at which recombination occurs in the S gamma 3 switch region have been analyzed and found to strictly correlate with the binding sites of the S gamma 3 switch binding proteins.
High strength welds in titanium & nickel based alloys by impact welding – A practical method (2021)

Joining titanium-based alloys to nickel-based superalloys is of great interest for applications in aerospace propulsion. Direct welding of these materials using conventional welding methods is very difficult as they are prone to heat affected zone and formation of strain-aged cracking. The purpose of this study is to produce multiple weld combinations of Ni-based superalloys (Ni-230, Ni-718, and Ni-625) to a near-alpha Ti-based alloy (6242), Ti to Ti, and Ni to Ni welds using Vaporizing foil actuator welding (VFAW) technique. The bonding quality of the joints was evaluated by mechanical lap shear and peel tests. The microstructural characterization of the weld interface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The VFAW technique was successfully used to create 6 dissimilar and 4 similar combinations presented at various levels in this work. The Ni-Ti joints displayed mixed failure modes in both lap shear and peel tests, whereas nugget failure was observed for similar weld and dissimilar Ni-Ni joints. EDS maps of the peel surfaces showed both ductile and brittle facets that signified the material transfer between both parent materials. Irrespective of weld combinations, the microstructure showed a transition from a smooth bonding interface at the weld center to a wave profile showing a natural spatial progression as the weld forms. The VFAW process can be of interest in aerospace industries to join different exotic grade alloys, difficult to weld using conventional welding methods.
Effect of the new dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant on nighttime respiratory function and sleep in patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea (2020)

In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study, the effect of the dual orexin receptor antagonist daridorexant was evaluated on nighttime respiratory function and sleep in 28 patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In each period, 50 mg daridorexant or placebo was administered every evening for 5 days. The primary endpoint was apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) during total sleep time (TST) after the last dosing. Other endpoints included peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), sleep duration, latency to persistent sleep (LPS), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep efficiency index (SEI). Pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability were also assessed. The mean treatment difference for AHI during TST (i.e. daridorexant - placebo) after the last dosing was 0.74 events/hour (90% confidence interval [CI]: -1.43, 2.92). The corresponding treatment difference for SpO2 during TST was 0.16% [90% CI: -0.21, 0.53]. Overall, there was no clinically relevant effect of daridorexant on AHI or SpO2-related data after single and repeated dosing irrespective of sleep phase (i.e. rapid eye movement [REM] vs non-REM). Moreover, after single and repeated dosing, daridorexant prolonged TST by 39.6 minutes (90% CI: 16.9, 62.3) and 38.8 minutes (19.7, 57.9), respectively, compared with placebo and favorably modulated other sleep-related endpoints (i.e. increased SEI, decreased WASO, and shortened LPS). It attained expected plasma concentrations and was well tolerated in patients with mild and moderate OSA. These results indicate that single and repeated doses of 50 mg daridorexant do not impair nighttime respiratory function and improve sleep in patients with mild and moderate OSA. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03765294. A study to investigate the effects of ACT-541468 on nighttime respiratory function in patients with mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT03765294.