gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of TCP over free-space optical links with ARQ-SR (2013)

This paper presents an analytical study on the performance of transmission control protocol (TCP) over free-space optical (FSO) links when the automatic-repeat request, selective repeat (ARQ-SR) scheme is used for the link layer. Using a three-dimensional (3-D) Markov model, we analytically derive the TCP throughput and energy-throughput efficiency, which is the the ratio between the TCP throughput and the average energy for transmitting an unit data of TCP. In the numerical analysis, we quantitatively discuss the impact of various FSO physical and link layer parameters on the trade-off between the energy consumption and the TCP throughput.
Interaction with Implanted Devices through Implanted User Interfaces (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Implanted User Interfaces Evaluating Basic Implanted User Interfaces Qualitative Evaluation Medical Considerations Discussion and Limitations Conclusions References
Protective Efficacy of Baculovirus Dual Expression System Vaccine Expressing Plasmodium falciparum Circumsporozoite Protein (2013)

We have previously developed a new malaria vaccine delivery system based on the baculovirus dual expression system (BDES). In this system, expression of malaria antigens is driven by a dual promoter consisting of the baculovirus-derived polyhedrin and mammal-derived cytomegalovirus promoters. To test this system for its potential as a vaccine against human malaria parasites, we investigated immune responses against the newly developed BDES-based Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein vaccines (BDES-PfCSP) in mice and Rhesus monkeys. Immunization of mice with BDES-PfCSP induced Th1/Th2-mixed type immune responses with high PfCSP-specific antibody (Ab) titers, and provided significant protection against challenge from the bites of mosquitoes infected with a transgenic P. berghei line expressing PfCSP. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity of the BDES-PfCSP vaccine in a rhesus monkey model. Immunization of BDES-PfCSP elicited high levels of anti-PfCSP Ab responses in individual monkeys. Moreover, the sera from the immunized monkeys remarkably blocked sporozoite invasion of HepG2 cells. Taken together with two animal models, our results indicate that this novel vaccine platform (BDES) has potential clinical application as a vaccine against malaria.
Structure‐function analysis of a double‐mutant cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator protein occurring in disorders related to cystic fibrosis (1999)

A number of disorders related to cystic fibrosis have been described since the cloning of the cystic fibrosis gene, including infertility due to the congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens. We have identified, in several patients, complex cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator genotypes like double-mutant alleles. We have now analyzed the structure-function relationships of one of these mutants, R74W-D1270N cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, expressed in HeLa cells, to evaluate the contribution of each mutation in the phenotype. We found that R74W cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator appears to be a polymorphism, while D1270N cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator could be responsible for the congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens phenotype. The combination of the two produced a more severe effect on the chloride conductance pathway as well as on the phenotype.
Erratum: “High output power density from GaN-based two-dimensional nanorod light-emitting diode arrays” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 141111 (2009)] (2009)

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NHC‐Cu‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroboration of Acyclic and Exocyclic 1,1‐Disubstituted Aryl Alkenes (2011)

Harte Nuss zu knacken: Chirale zweizähnige NHC-Kupfer-Komplexe wurden entwickelt, die enantioselektive Hydroborierungen einer der problematischsten Substratklassen vermitteln: Acyclische und exocyclische 1,1-disubstituierte Alkene wurden mit >98 % Positionsselektivität in bis zu >98 % Ausbeute und e.r.=96.5:3.5 umgesetzt (siehe Schema, B2(pin)2=Bis(pinakolato)dibor, NHC=N-heterocyclisches Carben). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis and characterization of novel degradable photocrosslinked poly(ether-anhydride) networks (2000)

New degradable poly(ether-anhydride) networks were synthesized by UV photopolymerization. Dicarboxylated poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) was reacted with an excess of methacrylic anhydride to form dimethacrylated macromers containing anhydride linkages. The percent of conversion for the macromer formation was more than 80% at 60 °C after 24 h. 1H NMR and IR spectroscopies show the presence of anhydride linkages in the macromer. In vitro degradation studies were carried out at 37 °C in PBS with crosslinked polymer networks formed by UV irradiation. All PEG-based polymers degraded within 2 days, while PTMG-based polymers degraded by 50% of the initial weight after 14 days. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1277–1282, 2000
Design Tools for Power Electronics : Trends and Innovations (2007)

Abstract: Numerical simulation is a standard procedure in the design of power electronic systems. With simulation, one can test new concepts immediately without the need to order components and assembling which might be time-consuming and expensive. If something fails, there is no destruction but information about too high voltages and/or currents. Critical operating states just before failure can be exactly reproduced, and currents, voltages and junction temperatures can be easily monitored in simulation which makes it comparably easy to identify problematic designs. Expensive equipment for measurement, power supply and load which is essential for testing prototypes is not needed in a first design stage. Further advantages of simulation are the ability to easily visualize fields, flows and distributions of physical properties, and the ability of automated parameter
Scalable FPGA/ASIC Implementation Architecture for Parallel Table-Lookup-Coding Using Multi-Ported Content Addressable Memory (2007)

This paper presents a scalable FPGA/ASIC implementation architecture for high-speed parallel table-lookup-coding using multi-ported content addressable memory, aiming at facilitating effective table-lookup-coding solutions. The multi-ported CAM adopts a Flexible Multi-ported Content Addressable Memory (FMCAM) technology, which represents an effective parallel processing architecture and was previously reported in [1]. To achieve a high-speed parallel table-lookup-coding solution, FMCAM is improved by additional schemes for a single search mode and counting value setting mode, so that it permits fast parallel table-lookup-coding operations. Evaluation results for Huffman encoding within the JPEG application show that a synthesized semi-custom ASIC implementation of the proposed architecture can already reduce the required clock-cycle number by 93% in comparison to a conventional DSP. Furthermore, the performance per area unit, measured in MOPS/mm2, can be improved by a factor of 3.8 in comparison to parallel operated DSPs. Consequently, the proposed architecture is very suitable for FPGA/ASIC implementation, and is a promising solution for small area integrated realization of real-time table-lookup-coding applications.
Privacy Preserving Data Quality Assessment for High-Fidelity Data Sharing (2014)

In a data-driven economy that struggles to cope with the volume and diversity of information, data quality assessment has become a necessary precursor to data analytics. Real-world data often contains inconsistencies, conflicts and errors. Such dirty data increases processing costs and has a negative impact on analytics. Assessing the quality of a dataset is especially important when a party is considering acquisition of data held by an untrusted entity. In this scenario, it is necessary to consider privacy risks of the stakeholders.
Griffithsin, a potent HIV entry inhibitor, is an excellent candidate for anti‐HIV microbicide (2007)

The in vitro efficacy of GRFT revealed low cytotoxicity, high potency, rapid onset of antiviral activity and long-term stability in cervical/vaginal lavage. GRFT is an excellent candidate for anti-HIV microbicide development.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled and Chemoselective Reduction of Secondary Amides. (2011)

Abstract The chemoselective transformation of secondary amides to imines, amines, or aldehydes is achieved under metal‐free conditions.
Analyzing the effect of absorption and refractive index on image formation in high numerical aperture transmission microscopy of single cells (2013)

Transmission bright-field microscopy is the clinical mainstay for disease diagnosis where image contrast is provided by absorptive and refractive index differences between tissue and the surrounding media. Different microscopy techniques often assume one of the two contrast mechanisms is negligible as a means to better understand the tissue scattering processes. This particular work provides better understanding of the role of refractive index and absorption within Optical Projection Tomographic Microscopy (OPTM) through the development of a generalized computational model based upon the Finite-Difference Time-Domain method. The model mimics OPTM by simulating axial scanning of the objective focal plane through the cell to produce projection images. These projection images, acquired from circumferential positions around the cell, are reconstructed into isometric three-dimensional images using the filtered backprojection normally employed in Computed Tomography (CT). The model provides a platform to analyze all aspects of bright-field microscopes, such as the degree of refractive index matching and the numerical aperture, which can be varied from air-immersion to high NA oil-immersion. In this preliminary work, the model is used to understand the effects of absorption and refraction on image formation using micro-shells and idealized nuclei. Analysis of absorption and refractive index separately provides the opportunity to better assess their role together as a complex refractive index for improved interpretation of bright-field scattering, essential for OPTM image reconstruction. This simulation, as well as ones in the future looking at other effects, will be used to optimize OPTM imaging parameters and triage efforts to further improve the overall system design.
Plasma proteins present in osteoarthritic synovial fluid can stimulate cytokine production via Toll-like receptor 4 (2012)

Our findings suggest that plasma proteins present in OA synovial fluid, whether through exudation from plasma or production by synovial tissues, could contribute to low-grade inflammation in OA by functioning as so-called damage-associated molecular patterns in the synovial joint.
Inducible and Developmental Control of Neuroendocrine Genes (1985)

In animals, the endocrine and the nervous systems produce a diverse set of cells and molecules which interact to exert profound effects of developmental physiology and behavior. Development of the neuroendocrine system, like other tissue and organs, includes proliferation, migration, cell-cell interaction, and the establishment of phenotypic diversity which is ultimately based on precise temporal and spatial patterns of differential gene expression. Accordingly, the sequential production of regulatory proteins capable of activating gene expression will lead to progressive phenotypic change. These proteins are expected to be sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins capable of binding high-affinity sites on chromatin and regulating transcription of a limited set of genes. Such proteins may be expressed transiently and thus function during discrete phases of development or may be expressed indefinitely and thus promote expression of the differentiated phenotype. These factors would accordingly be trans-acting and exert their transcriptional effects through the recognition of cis-acting regulatory sequences....
Untersuchung des Erosionsverhaltens von silberbasierten Kontaktwerkstoffen mittels FIB‐Techniken (2008)

Abstract Für das Verständnis der Schädigungsmechanismen von Kontaktwerkstoffen und die Entwicklung neuartiger Materialien ist die korrekte Darstellung und Analyse der Gefügesituation von essentieller Bedeutung. Dieses Verständnis erreicht man durch Untersuchung der Mikrostrukturveränderungen auf und unter der Oberfläche, die durch einen Lichtbogen verursacht wurden. In dieser Arbeit wird sowohl das Erosionsverhalten von reinem Silber und Silber‐Metalloxid‐Kompositen, als auch die Charakterisierung in zwei und drei Dimensionen besprochen. Einzelschaltungen unter Gleichstrombedingungen wurden durchgeführt und analysiert. Die Kratertopographie wurde mit Hilfe eines Weißlichtinterferometers vermessen und das bewegte Volumen berechnet. Mit Hilfe der Dual‐Beam Techniken wurden die Schaltkrater ober‐ und unterhalb der Oberfläche untersucht, sowie dreidimensional rekonstruiert.
X-Ray Photoelectron Study of the Methane Interaction with LaCoO3 (1992)

Abstract The interaction of CH4 with LaCoO3 has been studied at room temperature with the use of an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyzer. CH4 dissociated on the surface of LaCoO3, and new carbonaceous products were detected at 104 langmuir exposure on the spectra for C1s. Since the intensities of the adsorbed oxygen on the spectra for O1s gradually decreased in proportion to the increase in the amount of CH4 exposure, methane reacted with adsorbed oxygen of LaCoO3 at room temperature in an XPS analyzer.
Parallel Corpora for the Biomedical Domain (2018)

A vast amount of biomedical information is available in the form of scientific literature and government-authored patient information documents. While English is the most widely used language in many of these sources, there is a need to provide access to health information in languages other than English. Parallel corpora can be leveraged to implement cross-lingual information retrieval or machine translation tools. Herein, we review the extent of parallel corpus coverage in the biomedical domain. Specifically, we perform a scoping review of existing resources and we describe the recent development of new datasets for scientific literature (the EDP dataset and an extension of the Scielo corpus) and clinical trials (the ReBEC corpus). These corpora are currently being used in the biomedical task in the Conference on Machine Translation (WMT'16 and WMT'17), which illustrates their potential for improving and evaluating biomedical machine translation systems. Furthermore, we suggest additional applications for multilingual natural language processing using these resources, and plan to extend resource coverage to additional text genres and language pairs.
Standing-wave Enhanced Electroabsorption Modulator for 80Gb/s to 10Gb/s OTDM Demultiplexing (2002)

Abstract A novel standing-wave mode of operation of the electroabsorption modulator is proposed which reduces the required microwave driving voltage for error-free 80Gb/s to 10Gb/s OTDM demultiplexing.
Deep-focus compound-eye camera with polarization filters for 3D endoscopes (2012)

A deep-focus three-dimensional endoscope based on a compact compound-eye camera called TOMBO (thin observation module by bound optics) with polarization filters and polarized illuminations is presented. TOMBO is a very compact multi-camera system, which is composed of a single image sensor, a lens array, and a crosstalk barrier. Features of TOMBO are compactness of the camera system, and additional functionality achieved by attaching optical filters to lenses. In this paper, to enhance surface or deep structures of biological tissues selectively, polarization filters, which are parallel and vertical to the polarized illumination, respectively, are attached to a part of lenses. To achieve extended depth of focus, a wavefront coding (WFC) technique based on the spherical aberration is introduced. A prototype TOMBO with 3x3 lenses and a 2.2-&mu;m-pixel color CMOS image sensor was fabricated. Depth estimation and superresolution with the WFC technique are demonstrated. Enhancement of surface or deep structures is also verified theoretically and experimentally.
Hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids induced by stimulation of the T cell antigen receptor complex in antigen-specific, murine helper T cell clones. Requirement for exogenous calcium. (1989)

Two murine, keyhole limpet hemocyanin-specific, Th cell clones were studied for their ability to respond to antibody-mediated stimulation of the TCR complex or to Ag-pulsed accessory cells by hydrolyzing inositol phospholipids. Both clones were positive for the determinant expressed on the epsilon chain of CD3 that is recognized by the mAb, 145-2C11 (2C11 mAb); one clone also expressed the V beta 8 epitope of the alpha/beta chains of the TCR recognized by the F23.1 mAb. Treatment of these cells with 2C11 or F23.1 mAb adsorbed onto polystyrene beads induced a time-dependent accumulation of inositol phosphates (IP). Keyhole limpet hemocyanin-pulsed accessory cells which expressed the appropriate MHC phenotype also induced IP accumulation, whereas no response was induced by medium-treated or MHC congenic accessory cells. The hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids induced by TCR perturbation depended upon the presence of exogenous Ca2+; Mg2+ did not substitute for Ca2+. Treatment of cells with ionomycin at concentrations up to 30 microM was unable to induce hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, indicating that entrance of Ca2+ was itself insufficient to generate IP. Stimulated IP generation was rapidly blocked upon addition of EGTA to the incubation medium. Reducing the level of exogenous Ca2+ decreased the production of inositol mono-, bis-, and trisphosphate isomers similarly, suggesting that extracellular Ca2+ was required for the initiation of the hydrolysis rather than affecting phospholipase C affinity for its substrates. We concluded that activation of inositol phospholipid hydrolysis by perturbation of the TCR complex in the Th cell clones under investigation displays a Ca2+-dependent component which is likely to be proximal to IP generation.
Arginase II Contributes to the Ca 2+ /CaMKII/eNOS Axis by Regulating Ca 2+ Concentration Between the Cytosol and Mitochondria in a p32‐Dependent Manner (2018)

Background Arginase II activity contributes to reciprocal regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS ). We tested the hypotheses that arginase II activity participates in the regulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent kinase II / eNOS activation, and this process is dependent on mitochondrial p32. Methods and Results Downregulation of arginase II increased the concentration of cytosolic Ca<sup>2+</sup> ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]c) and decreased mitochondrial Ca<sup>2+</sup> ([Ca<sup>2+</sup>]m) in microscopic and fluorescence-activated cell sorting analyses, resulting in augmented eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation and decreased eNOS Thr495 phosphorylation through Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent kinase II . These changes were observed in human umbilical vein endothelial cells treated with small interfering RNA against p32 (sip32). Using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, fluorescence immunoassay, and ion chromatography, inhibition of arginase II reduced the amount of spermine, a binding molecule, and the release of Ca<sup>2+</sup> from p32. In addition, arginase II gene knockdown using small interfering RNA and knockout arginase II -null mice resulted in reduced p32 protein level. In the aortas of wild-type mice, small interfering RNA against p32 induced eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation and enhanced NO -dependent vasorelaxation. Arginase activity, p32 protein expression, spermine amount, and [Ca<sup>2+</sup>]m were increased in the aortas from apolipoprotein E (ApoE<sup>-/-</sup>) mice fed a high-cholesterol diet, and intravenous administration of small interfering RNA against p32 restored Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Ca<sup>2+</sup>/calmodulin-dependent kinase II -dependent eNOS Ser1177 phosphorylation and improved endothelial dysfunction. The effects of arginase II downregulation were not associated with elevated NO production when tested in aortic endothelia from eNOS knockout mice. Conclusions These data demonstrate a novel function of arginase II in regulation of Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent eNOS phosphorylation. This novel mechanism drives arginase activation, mitochondrial dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, and atherogenesis.
Modification of a Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide with Cholesterol Induces Association of the Oligonucleotide to Serum Lipoproteins and Affects Its Biological Fate (1997)

Abstract A cholesterol-conjugated phosphorothioate ICAM-1 antisense oligo-nucleotide was evaluated for its binding to lipoproteins and its biodistribution. Our study indicates that the conjugate behaves differently from the parent compound.
A 0.7V resistive sensor with temperature/voltage detection function in 16nm FinFET technologies (2014)

This paper reports a combination structure of temperature and voltage sensor in a 16nm FinFET technology. The circuit transforms PTAT voltage across a resistor into an output clock with PTAT pulse-width. Fabricated in a 16nm CMOS, the temperature sensor achieves 1°C resolution over −10 ∼ 90°C range and the voltage sensor achieves 4mV output error over 0.38V to 0.56V. The total chip size is 0.01mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and draws 70uW total power from a 0.7V supply. Depending on resolution, the measurement time can change from 10µsec to 1.6msec. This approach is not restricted by forward junction bias (∼0.7V) of conventional BJTs and diodes.
Molecular-weight dependence of interchain polaron delocalization and exciton bandwidth in high-mobility conjugated polymers (2006)

Interchain interactions have a profound effect on the optical as well as charge transport properties of conjugated polymer thin films. In contrast to oligomeric model systems in solution-deposited polymer thin films the study of such effects is complicated by the complex microstructure. We present here a detailed study of interchain interaction effects on both charged polarons as well as neutral excitons in highly crystalline, high-mobility poly-3-hexylthiophene (P3HT) as a function of molecular weight. We find experimental evidence for reduced exciton bandwidth and increased polaron delocalization with increasing conjugation length and crystalline quality. From comparative studies of field-effect transistor characteristics, film morphology, and optical properties our study provides a microscopic understanding of the factors which limit the charge transport in P3HT to field-effect mobilities around $0.1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}∕\mathrm{V}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{s}$, and which will need to be addressed to improve mobility further.