gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Encapsulation of Essential Oils within a Polymeric Liposomal Formulation for Enhancement of Antimicrobial Efficacy (2010)

Essential oils and their constituents are known to possess antimicrobial activity; however, their inherent volatility is a limiting factor. In order to exploit the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oils, encapsulation within polymeric liposomal systems was undertaken. The liposomes were subsequently polymer-coated in order to further enhance the stability of the formulations. Essential oils distilled from Artemisia afra, Eucalyptus globulus and Melaleuca alternifolia were encapsulated into diastearoyl phosphatidylcholine and diastearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine liposomes employing a reverse phase evaporation methodology. A polyelectrolyte coating was then applied via the layer-by-layer self-deposition technique. A batch of the liposomes was polymer-coated with a 0.15%w/v chitosan solution. Using the minimum inhibitory concentration assay, the liposome-encapsulated, unencapsulated and polymer-coated liposome-encapsulated essential oils were compared in order to observe whether the antimicrobial efficacy was improved with encapsulation and polymer coating. Fractional inhibitory concentrations (FICs) were calculated in order to determine the antimicrobial interactions amongst the lipoid components, polymer coating and essential oils (synergistic, additive, indifferent and antagonistic interactions). With the exception of A. afra, microbial growth was inhibited at lower concentrations for the encapsulated formulations in comparison with the nonencapsulated oils. Synergistic to additive interactions were noted for encapsulated E. globulus (sigmaFIC values 0.25-0.45) and M alternifolia (sigmaFIC values 0.26-0.52) formulations. The addition of the polymer coating did not enhance antimicrobial activity, but owing to their positive effects on membrane stability, its presence is important as a means of extending the shelf life of these formulations. Additionally, the presence of the polymeric coating availed the essential oil at a slower rate. This investigation is a stepping stone towards the promotion of the antimicrobial use of essential oils. The added benefits are that essential oils not only provide effective antimicrobial efficacy, but also promote a "greener" consumerism. Within liposomes, they will enhance dermato-cosmetic properties and increase the marketing image of the final product.
Biomodulation of 5-fluorouracil with antifolates. (1997)

The cytotoxic activity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) can be modulated by coadministration of antifolates or leucovorin (LV). Although a recent meta-analysis concluded that a sequential combination of methotrexate (MTX) and 5-FU was superior to 5-FU alone in terms of response rate and survival, combination MTX and 5-FU therapy has not been actively pursued by many leading cancer centers. We have subsequently investigated the combination of trimetrexate (TMTX) plus 5-FU/LV. Unlike MTX, TMTX does not compete with LV for uptake or polyglutamylation. In a phase I clinical study, combination TMTX/5-FU/LV was well tolerated and produced an overall response rate of 20% in previously treated colorectal cancer patients. In a follow-up phase II clinical study, this combination was highly active in patients with advanced colorectal cancer, demonstrating a 50% overall response rate. Currently, a phase III clinical trial is in progress comparing this regimen with combination 5-FU/LV.
Constructing Fast Hydraulic Robot Models for Optimal Motion Planning (2018)

Computing optimal motions for any robot requires a good model, and a method to compute the optimal motions using that model. As research is conducted into automating operations in construction, excavation etc. there arises a need to compute optimal motions for the hydraulic machines used in these areas. Hydraulic machines disallow a simple extension of work done previously on optimal motion planning for electric drive robots. We have constructed a fast model for a hydraulic excavator(HEX) that can capture the non-linear actuator interactions. This model can simulate 75 secs of machine motion in 1 sec. of real time on a Sun Sparc 20. We use a set of neural networks to approximate the actuator response functions.We use the HEX model with a simulated annealing optimization method to compute time-optimal motions for the HEX, for defined start and end states. We demonstrate the efficacy of the constructed model and show results from using it in optimal motion computation. Real testbed results are shown in both cases. This is the first time that such a result has been reported in the literature for hydraulic machines.
What Happens to Hemostatic Agents in Contact with Urine? An in Vitro Study (2005)

Fibrin glue and oxidized regenerated cellulose maintain a solid form when initially placed in direct contact with urine and then assume a semisolid gelatinous state, which is still present at 5 days. Polyethylene glycol forms a solid clot initially and does not change after 5 days. Only hemostatic gelatin matrix remained as a fine particulate suspension in both normal and sanguineous urine. The implications of these findings with regard to sealing the renal parenchyma or small violations of the collecting system after percutaneous or laparoscopic surgery await in-vivo testing.
Zinc bromide: a general mediator for the ionothermal synthesis of microporous polymers via cyclotrimerization reactions (2023)

Porous organic polymers are prepared via cyclotrimerization reactions mediated by zinc bromide under solvent-free conditions.
Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae P5 Binds Human C4b-Binding Protein, Promoting Serum Resistance (2021)

Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (NTHi) is a Gram-negative human pathogen that causes infections mainly in the upper and lower respiratory tract. The bacterium is associated with bronchitis and exacerbations in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and frequently causes acute otitis media in preschool children. We have previously demonstrated that the binding of C4b binding protein (C4BP) is important for NTHi complement evasion. In this study, we identified outer membrane protein 5 (P5) of NTHi as a novel ligand of C4BP. Importantly, we observed significantly lower C4BP binding and decreased serum resistance in P5-deficient NTHi mutants. Surface expression of recombinant P5 on <i>Escherichia coli</i> conferred C4BP binding and consequently increased serum resistance. Moreover, P5 expression was positively correlated with C4BP binding in a series of clinical isolates. We revealed higher levels of P5 surface expression and consequently more C4BP binding in isolates from the lower respiratory tract of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and tonsil specimens compared with isolates from the upper respiratory tract and the bloodstream (invasive strains). Our results highlight P5 as an important protein for protecting NTHi against complement-mediated killing.
Improving Reliability of Copper Dual-Damascene Interconnects by Impurity Doping and Interface Strengthening (2007)

Electromigration (EM)-derived void nucleation and growth in 65-nm-node dual-damascene interconnects were investigated, and the effects of impurity doping as well as copper adhesion strength to a capping-dielectric layer (CAP) are clarified. It is found that surface-reductive treatment of the copper line improves its adhesion to the SiCN-CAP, elongating the incubation time of voiding at the via bottom. An aluminum doping is effective in suppressing both the void nucleation and growth. Consequently, an aluminum-doped copper alloy with the strong copper/CAP interface improves the EM lifetime by 50 times compared to that of a conventional pure copper. These results clearly indicate that blocking migration paths of vacancies through both grain boundaries and the copper/CAP interface is essential in improving the EM reliability.
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN WASHINGTON, D.C. (1973)

Journal Article EPIDEMIOLOGY OF RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTION IN WASHINGTON, D.C. III. COMPOSITE ANALYSIS OF ELEVEN CONSECUTIVE YEARLY EPIDEMICS Get access CARL D. BRANDT, CARL D. BRANDT Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar HYUN WHA KIM, HYUN WHA KIM Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JULITA O. ARROBIO, JULITA O. ARROBIO Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar BARBARA C. JEFFRIES, BARBARA C. JEFFRIES Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar SERRAH C. WOOD, SERRAH C. WOOD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT M. CHANOCK, ROBERT M. CHANOCK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar ROBERT H. PARROTT ROBERT H. PARROTT 2 2Reprint request to Dr. Parrott, Children's Hospital, 2125 Thirteenth St., N.W. Washington, D.C. 20009. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 98, Issue 5, November 1973, Pages 355–364, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a121565 Published: 01 November 1973 Article history Received: 02 March 1973 Published: 01 November 1973
Silica Nanopillar Arrays for Monitoring Diffraction-Based Label-Free Biomolecule Separation (2020)

Recent studies on nanopillar arrays, one type of nanofluidic device, have demonstrated various tools for bioanalysis. When carrying out nanopillar array-based separation, it is indispensable to observe biomolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and extracellular vesicles, that have fluorescence labeling; however, fluorescence labeling influences the biomolecular characteristics. Here, we have proposed label-free monitoring of biomolecule separation by using diffracted light derived from the nanopillar array that was fabricated inside a microchannel by combining laser interference lithography with general photolithography techniques. Using an electrophoresis approach, we demonstrated that our diffraction-based label-free method possessed high sensor initialization ability, and the nanopillar array device successfully monitored DNA separation without labeling bias. Results obtained using our label-free monitoring of DNA separation confirmed, for the first time, that the molecular dynamics of DNA molecules in the nanopillar array were changed in the presence or absence of fluorescent labeling. The presented concept will provide a useful tool for nonbiased monitoring of label-free biomolecule analysis in nanofluidic channels.
Trehalose Ingestion Modifies Mucosal Immune Responses of the Small Intestine in Mice. (2002)

Trehalose has been utilized as a supplement to various products such as food and cosmetics, and has recently been reported to have multiple biological functions in vitro and in vivo. We have previously found that trehalose administered orally inhibits mouse osteoclastogenesis induced by estrogen-deficiency or by injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we examined whether oral administration of trehalose to mice produced changes in the Peyer's patches (PP) of the small intestine, that are essential for mucosal immune responses, to clarify the inhibitory mechanism of trehalose on osteoclastogenesis. Male C3H/HeN mice were orally administered trehalose 1 g/kg for 5 consecutive days. Interestingly, trehalose administration caused a significant decrease in the total number of PP lymphocytes (PPL) and in the spontaneous release of interleukin (IL)-6 by PPL compared with those of controls, without inducing apparent pathological damage. Moreover, proliferation and interferon (IFN)-γ production by PPL in response to LPS tended to increase compared with those of the control group. Considering that IL-6 and IFN-γ are factors associated with bone metabolism, our results suggest the possibility that trehalose ingestion may modify the intestinal immune environment, resulting in altered systemic immunity and bone metabolism.
Supplementary Fig. S.6 from NK-Cell Recruitment Is Necessary for Eradication of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis with an IL12-Expressing Maraba Virus Cellular Vaccine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cytotoxicity of human NK cells derived from healthy individual and cancer patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Book Reviews (1979)

MALIGNANT MELANOMA . Alfred W. Kopf, M.D., Robert S. Bart, M.D., René S. Rodríguez‐Sains, M.D., and A. Bernard Ackerman, M.D. Masson Publishing USA, New York, 237 pages, 1979, $49.50.
Methane Pyrolysis for CO2-free H2 and Carbon Nanomaterials (Abstract) (2022)

We propose to continue to develop a new process for producing CO2-free hydrogen (H2) from inexpensive and domestically-abundant natural gas (NG), while simultaneously reducing H2’s net production cost to $1.0/kg through the sale of valuable crystalline solid carbon co-product. Producing clean hydrogen at this price is a DOE Hydrogen Energy Earthshot goal. Cost effective production of clean H2 is also of commercial relevance to project partners Southern California Gas Company (SoCalGas) and startup company C4-MCP, who aim to further develop, demonstrate at scale, and ultimately deploy the new process technology developed on this project in order to meet regulatory demands in the State of California. In the current project we have focused on i) understanding the catalyst science for thermocatalytic decomposition of methane (TCD), which resulted in the development of a patent pending bimetallic catalyst offering favorable activity, stability, and selectivity under industrially relevant process conditions, ii) developing a novel, patent pending process to enable the separation of produced carbon and catalyst, and re-synthesis of the catalyst using recycled materials, iii) performing limited characterization of the produced carbon materials, and iv) performing detailed process modeling in order to perform techno economic assessment. The additional scope proposed here will accelerate the commercial deployment of TCD for CO2-free H2 and valuable solid carbon nanotubes (CNT) co-product, by i) scaling up the production of CNT co-product using a scalable, fluidized bed reactor (25 g catalyst scale versus the 1 g catalyst scale demonstrated to-date), ii) producing at least 40 g of CNT product, produced via multiple cycles of TCD, carbon-catalyst separation, and catalyst re-synthesis, to enable the production of sufficient quantities of solid carbon so as to explore its market potential, iii) understanding the quality of the co-product CNTs, produced at larger scale, through advanced characterization, and iv) beginning to explore multiple promising high volume carbon product applications (thermoplastics, automotive composites, battery, and cement reinforcement applications).
The basic isoform of profilin in pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica (1995)

In the human parasite Entamoeba histolytica , components of the cytoskeleton are involved in the pathogenicity by their contribution to immune evasion by antibody capping and shedding. In this study, we focus on profilin as a central regulatory component of the cytoskeleton. Profilin was isolated from trophozoites of the pathogenic E. histolytica strain SFL‐3, and partial amino acid sequences were used to devise a probe for isolating a profilin cDNA. The deduced complete primary structure was divergent: plant profilins with amino acid sequence identities in the range 33–38% were more closely related than the mammalian profilins with sequence identities 21–28%. The cDNA was expressed as a nonfusion protein in Escherichia coli. Isoelectric focussing of the natural profilin isolated from E. histolytica showed two isoforms with different isoelectric points; the recombinant profilin migrated with the basic isoform. In a blot overlay experiment, purified 125 I‐labeled recombinant profilin bound not only to plant actin, but also to mammalian actin, demonstrating that cytoskeletal components from distantly related organisms with divergent primary structures can be compatible.
Forces at the Shoulder During the Baseball Pitch in Youth and Professional Baseball Throwers (2006)

Overall Discussion 4:55 PM – 5:15 PM
The Biomolecular Corona of Lipid Nanoparticles for Gene Therapy (2020)

Gene therapy holds great potential for treating almost any disease by gene silencing, protein expression, or gene correction. To efficiently deliver the nucleic acid payload to its target tissue, the genetic material needs to be combined with a delivery platform. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have proven to be excellent delivery vectors for gene therapy and are increasingly entering into routine clinical practice. Over the past two decades, the optimization of LNP formulations for nucleic acid delivery has led to a well-established body of knowledge culminating in the first-ever RNA interference therapeutic using LNP technology, i.e., Onpattro, and many more in clinical development to deliver various nucleic acid payloads. Screening a lipid library <i>in vivo</i> for optimal gene silencing potency in hepatocytes resulted in the identification of the Onpattro formulation. Subsequent studies discovered that the key to Onpattro's liver tropism is its ability to form a specific "biomolecular corona". In fact, apolipoprotein E (ApoE), among other proteins, adsorbed to the LNP surface enables specific hepatocyte targeting. This proof-of-principle example demonstrates the use of the biomolecular corona for targeting specific receptors and cells, thereby opening up the road to rationally designing LNPs. To date, however, only a few studies have explored in detail the corona of LNPs, and how to efficiently modulate the corona remains poorly understood. In this review, we summarize recent discoveries about the biomolecular corona, expanding the knowledge gained with other nanoparticles to LNPs for nucleic acid delivery. In particular, we address how particle stability, biodistribution, and targeting of LNPs can be influenced by the biological environment. Onpattro is used as a case study to describe both the successful development of an LNP formulation for gene therapy and the key influence of the biological environment. Moreover, we outline the techniques available to isolate and analyze the corona of LNPs, and we highlight their advantages and drawbacks. Finally, we discuss possible implications of the biomolecular corona for LNP delivery and we examine the potential of exploiting the corona as a targeting strategy beyond the liver to develop next-generation gene therapies.
PAVEMENT ECONOMIC ANALYSIS MADE EASIER (1992)

This paper describe a microcomputer program, PRLEAM, developed for project level life-cycle economic evaluation of pavement rehabilitation alternatives. It provides a general outline of the methodology for conducting pavement life-cycle analysis, as well as an example of program operation. PRLEAM uses the present worth method of analysis. It combines four sets of costs (related to construction, maintenance, user delay during construction, and salvage value) together with the corresponding economic benefits. Economic benefits are calculated using the effectiveness method which reflects pavement performance, section length, and traffic volume. The program is user friendly and the work is guided through self-explanaotry menus. It provides quantitative support to pavement designers for selecting appropriate project-specific pavement rehabilitation treatments. For the covering abstract of this conference, see IRRD number 853909. (A)
ROBUST CHARACTERISTIC POINTS FOR ICG - Definition and Comparative Analysis (2011)

The impedance cardiogram (ICG) is a promising tool for non-invasive and cost effective assessment of the hemodynamic state, especially in low acuity and home settings. Important diagnostic parameters are related to characteristic points within the ICG, i.e. the B and the X points that are assumed to mark the opening and closure of the aortic valve., respectively. Based on synchronized echocardiography-ICG data obtained from healthy subjects at rest, we compare 4 existing alternatives for the ICG’s characteristic point definitions associated detection algorithms. We show that those points exhibit considerable biases with respect to the intended onsets of the systole and diastole compared to the Echocardiography Goldstandard. We introduce a new approach to determine these characteristic points based on the analysis of the ICG morphology. For its implementation a computationally simple algorithm, based on high order derivatives, is proposed. This algorithm is evaluated using simultaneously recorded echocardiographies and ICG signals. The achieved results show that the proposed method enables the identification of the main characteristic points, B and X, with significantly smaller errors and much higher correlations compared to current state of the art methods and existing alternative characteristic point definitions.
Genetic Determinants of Height Growth Assessed Longitudinally from Infancy to Adulthood in the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 (2009)

Recent genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified dozens of common variants associated with adult height. However, it is unknown how these variants influence height growth during childhood. We derived peak height velocity in infancy (PHV1) and puberty (PHV2) and timing of pubertal height growth spurt from parametric growth curves fitted to longitudinal height growth data to test their association with known height variants. The study consisted of N = 3,538 singletons from the prospective Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 with genotype data and frequent height measurements (on average 20 measurements per person) from 0-20 years. Twenty-six of the 48 variants tested associated with adult height (p<0.05, adjusted for sex and principal components) in this sample, all in the same direction as in previous GWA scans. Seven SNPs in or near the genes HHIP, DLEU7, UQCC, SF3B4/SV2A, LCORL, and HIST1H1D associated with PHV1 and five SNPs in or near SOCS2, SF3B4/SV2A, C17orf67, CABLES1, and DOT1L with PHV2 (p<0.05). We formally tested variants for interaction with age (infancy versus puberty) and found biologically meaningful evidence for an age-dependent effect for the SNP in SOCS2 (p = 0.0030) and for the SNP in HHIP (p = 0.045). We did not have similar prior evidence for the association between height variants and timing of pubertal height growth spurt as we had for PHVs, and none of the associations were statistically significant after correction for multiple testing. The fact that in this sample, less than half of the variants associated with adult height had a measurable effect on PHV1 or PHV2 is likely to reflect limited power to detect these associations in this dataset. Our study is the first genetic association analysis on longitudinal height growth in a prospective cohort from birth to adulthood and gives grounding for future research on the genetic regulation of human height during different periods of growth.
Synthesis and Reactivity of a Stable Crystalline Diastereomerically Pure Trifluoromethanesulfinic Acid Derivative: (S)‐(‐)‐1‐Trifluoromethylsulfinyl‐(R)‐4‐phenyloxazolidine‐2‐one. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.