gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two Iron-Containing Tungstogermanates:  [K(H2O)(β-Fe2GeW10O37(OH))(γ-GeW10O36)]12-and [{β-Fe2GeW10O37(OH)2}2]12- (2007)

Interaction of the dilacunary polyanion precursor [gamma-GeW(10)O(36)](8-) with Fe(3+) ions in aqueous buffer medium (pH 4.8) results in the formation of two dimeric tungstogermanates depending on the reactant ratios. When using an Fe3+ to [gamma-GeW(10)O(36)](8-) ratio of 1:1, the asymmetric anion [K(H(2)O)(beta-Fe(2)GeW(10)O(37)(OH))(gamma-GeW(10)O(36))](12-) (1) is formed, whereas [{beta-Fe(2)GeW(10)O(37)(OH)2}2]12- (2) is formed when using a ratio of 2:1. Single-crystal X-ray analyses were carried out on Cs(3)K(9)[K(H(2)O)(beta-Fe(2)GeW(10)O(37)(OH))(gamma-GeW(10)O(36))].19H(2)O (CsK-1), which crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, a = 11.4547(2), b = 19.9181(5), c = 21.0781(6) A, alpha = 66.7977(12), beta = 89.1061(12), gamma = 84.4457(11) degrees, and Z = 2 and on Cs(7)K(4)Na[{beta-Fe(2)GeW(10)O(37)(OH)(2)}(2)].39H(2)O (CsKNa-2), which crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/m, a = 32.7569(13), b = 12.2631(5), c = 14.2895(5) A, beta = 104.135(2) degrees , and Z = 2. Polyanion 1 consists of (beta-Fe(2)GeW(10)O(37)) and (gamma-GeW(10)O(36)) units linked via two Fe-O-W bridges and a central potassium ion. Two equivalent FeO(6) octahedra complete the belt of the beta-Keggin unit and link to the (gamma-GeW(10)O(36)) fragment. On the other hand, 2 consists of two {beta-Fe(2)GeW(10)O(37)(OH)(2)} units with four bridging hydroxo groups linking the four Fe(3+) ions, forming an eight-membered ring. The magnetic properties of CsK-1 and CsKNa-2 have been studied by magnetic susceptibility and magnetization measurements and fitted according to an isotropic exchange model. Both polyanions 1 and 2 exhibit diamagnetic ground states with a small amount of paramagnetic impurity. Electrochemistry studies on 1 and 2 were carried out in a pH 5 acetate medium. The two polyanions have in common the simultaneous reduction of all of their Fe(3+) centers. This observation suggests the existence of identical or almost-identical influences on these centers and their equivalence, especially in the reduced state. Controlled potential coulometry results indicate the presence of two Fe(3+) centers in 1 and four in 2. The splitting of the tungsten wave of 1 compared to the single tungsten wave of 2 is attributed to a difference in acid-base properties of the polyanions. Voltammetric peak-potential shifts as a function of pH were studied in the case of 2.
Sparse Spectral-based Feature Selection with Side Information (2003)

ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000034286. Registered 8 July 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=55866 .
Extraction of optimally unbiased bits from a biased source (2002)

We explore the problem of transforming n independent and identically biased {-1,1}-valued random variables, X/sub 1/, ..., X/sub n/, into a single {-1,1} value, f(X/sub 1/, ..., X/sub n/), so that this result is as unbiased as possible. In general, no function f produces a completely unbiased result. We perform the first study of the relationship between the bias b of these X/sub i/ and the rate at which f(X/sub 1/, ..., X/sub n/) can converge to an unbiased {-1,1} random variable (as n/spl rarr//spl infin/).
Comparative effects of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetate on arterioles and venules in skeletal muscle: direct in situ studies on the microcirculation and their possible relationship to alcoholic myopathy. (1991)

The precise effects ethanol (ETOH), acetaldehyde (ACT) and acetate (AC) exert on microscopic resistance and capacitance vessels in skeletal muscle is unknown. In-situ studies on the skeletal (cremaster) microvasculature of the rat, using high-resolution television microscopy, were undertaken. Acute administration (topical, intra-arterial or iv) of ethanol (0.001-10%) to young rats produced a concentration-related vasoconstriction of arterioles (18-45 microns) and muscular venules (25-50 microns), ranging from a 7 to 80% reduction in microvessel lumen sizes. Acute administration of either ACT or AC, however, produced concentration-related vasodilatation of these same microvessels. No known amine or opiate pharmacologic antagonist or cyclooxygenase inhibitor could attenuate or prevent ETOH, ACT and AC from eliciting their unique microvascular responses. These new, direct in-situ microcirculatory findings clearly demonstrate: 1) ETOH exerts constrictor, and not dilator, effects on skeletal muscle microscopic resistance and capacitance vessels; 2) both ACT and AC exert dilator, and not constrictor, effects on these muscle microvessels; and 3) the effects of alcohol can not be due to metabolism to ACT or AC. A progressive increase in ischemia of the skeletal muscle microscopic resistance and capacitance vessels, over a period of time (weeks to years), could result in the well-known syndrome of alcoholic myopathy.
Moving Target Imaging for Synthetic Aperture Radar Via RPCA (2021)

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging of moving targets is a challenging task, as standard techniques have been developed for stationary scenes. Motivated by success of robust principal component analysis (RPCA) in change detection for video processing, we establish a rank-1 and sparse decomposition framework for the SAR problem in the image domain. We construct the phase-space reflectivity matrix for single-channel SAR systems reconstructing images at various hypothesized velocities and show that it is the superposition of a rank-1 matrix and a disjoint sparse matrix. This structure allows for additional constraints that reduce the computational complexity when compared to generic RPCA. We compare the performances of two algorithms, proximal gradient descent (PGD) and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), on numerical simulations for the moving target imaging problem.
Comparative Analysis of Anterior Petrosectomy and Transcavernous Approaches to Retrosellar and Upper Clival Basilar Artery Aneurysms (2006)

From an anatomic standpoint, the TcA offers more advantages than the AP, when approaching retrosellar BA aneurysms, except for those cases in which proximal control is the principal issue and the neck of the aneurysm is located more than 6.0 mm below the floor of the sella.
Depolarized light scattering from liquid crystals as a factor for black level light leakage in liquid-crystal displays (2005)

Depolarized light scattering due to thermally excited orientational fluctuations of liquid-crystal directors was investigated in the context of the black level light leakage in liquid-crystal displays. Particular attention was given on the comparison between homogeneous and homeotropic liquid-crystal alignments which are both used as black states of liquid-crystal displays. The homeotropic alignment was found to have lower light-scattering intensity and less light leakage than the homogeneous alignment in the small scattering angle regions. The dependency of the scattering intensity on the cell gap and the extrapolation length was also evaluated. The cell gap and the extrapolation length were found to have a large influence.
High modal discrimination in a Nd:YAG laser resonator with internal phase gratings (1994)

A unique laser resonator containing an internal phase grating and a diffractive mode-selecting mirror provides high modal discrimination in a Nd:YAG laser cavity. Single-spatial-mode lasers with high Fresnel numbers are possible, with negligible loss to the fundamental mode.
José Rebollo Dicenta. Arquitecto (1999)

Este libro es un resumen de la vida y obra del arquitecto Jose Rebollo Dicenta (1914-2012), al que acompana documentacion grafica (planos y fotografias). Son sus autores Francisco Daroca Bruno, Jose Diaz Lopez y Antonio Pena Amaro. Fue promovido por el Colegio de Arquitectos de Cordoba (Espana) debido a la excelencia e interes de la obra de Rebollo Dicenta, y a su influencia en la definicion urbanistica y arquitectonica de la Cordoba actual. Consta de una introduccion y de las distintas fases de su fecunda obra: (1) Regiones Devastadas, obras construidas tras la guerra civil espanola en los pueblos de la provincia de Cordoba. (2) Casas unifamiliares, chalets en su mayoria destinados a una clase social alta. (3) Bloques plurifamiliares. (4) Obras y proyectos singulares, entre los que destacan el teatro al aire libre de Cordoba, la plaza de toros y el edificio del Ayuntamiento. Y, por ultimo, (5) actuaciones urbanisticas municipales, entre las sobresale el primer Plan General de Ordenacion Urbana de Cordoba de 1958. Asi mismo se recogen aqui sus intervenciones sobre su patrimonio historico de Cordoba como los jardines del Alcazar de los Reyes Cristianos y la restauracion de la muralla. Finalmente se muestran algunos cuadros, realizados en la ultima etapa de su vida. Es de sumo valor su autobiografia porque no solo nos informa de su trabajo en Cordoba sino que tambien ilustra sobre sus maestros y estudios en Madrid. Jose Rebollo Dicenta forma parte de los arquitectos que se incorporaron a la profesion en los anos cuarenta, y que fueron fundamentales en la configuracion de la arquitectura moderna espanola. Entre estos se encuentran sus companeros de curso Asis Cabrero, Jose Luis Fernandez del Amo y Miguel Fisac. El libro recoge una etapa fundamental para entender la reconstruccion arquitectonica de la posguerra y los primeros anos de la democracia espanola.
Ultrafast UV−Vis and IR Studies of p-Biphenylyl Acetyl and Carbomethoxy Carbenes (2008)

The photochemistry of a p-biphenylyl diazo ester (BpCN2CO2CH3) and diazo ketone (BpCN2COCH3) were studied by ultrafast time-resolved UV−vis and IR spectroscopies. The excited states of these diazo compounds were detected and found to decay with lifetimes of less than 300 fs. The diazo ester produces singlet carbene with greater quantum efficiency than the ketone analogue due to competing Wolff rearrangement (WR) in the excited state of the diazo ketone. Carbene BpCCO2CH3 has a singlet−triplet gap that is close to zero in cyclohexane, but the triplet is the ground state. The two spin states are in rapid equilibrium in this solvent relative to reaction with cyclohexane. There is (for a carbene) a slow rate of singlet to triplet intersystem crossing (isc) in this solvent because the orthogonal singlet must rotate to a higher energy orientation prior to isc. In acetonitrile and in dichloromethane BpCCO2CH3 has a singlet ground state. Ketocarbene BpCCOCH3 has a singlet ground state in cyclohexane, in dichloromethane, and in acetonitrile and decays by WR to form a ketene detected by ultrafast IR spectroscopy in these solvents. Ketocarbenes have more stable singlet states, relative to carbene esters, because of the superior conjugation of the filled hybrid orbital of the carbene with the π system of the carbonyl group, the same factor that makes methyl ketones more acidic than the analogous esters. The rate of WR of BpCCOCH3 is faster in cyclohexane than in dichloromethane and acetonitrile because of intimate solute−solvent interactions between the empty p orbital of the carbene and nonbonding electron pairs of heteroatoms of the solvent. These interactions stabilize the carbene and retard the rate of WR.
Angiogenesis Induced by Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene Through Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression in a Rat Hindlimb Ischemia Model (2003)

Overall, intramuscular injection of bovine eNOS plasmid induced therapeutic angiogenesis in a rat ischemic hindlimb model, a potential therapy for peripheral arterial disease. The stimulation of angiogenesis by NO might be due to upregulation of local VEGF expression.
The Role of Image Guided Biopsy Targeting in Patients with Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation (2014)

When magnetic resonance imaging/transrectal ultrasound fusion guided biopsy detects isolated atypical small acinar proliferation on index biopsy, early rebiopsy is unlikely to detect clinically significant prostate cancer. Cores that retarget areas of previous atypical small acinar proliferation are more effective than random rebiopsy cores.
<title>Optimum source concepts for optical intersatellite links with RZ coding</title> (2001)

We discuss several potential methods of generating optical RZ data signals, distinguishing between direct RZ modulation and modulation of a primary pulse train which is either generated by using a modelocked laser, by sinusoidally driving of an external modulator, or by gainswitching of a laser diode. We analyze the properties of each method with regard to the most critical aspects for space-borne laser communication systems such as repetition rate, duty cycle, extinction ratio, frequency chirp, timing jitter, robustness, complexity, commercial availability, and lifetime. Most modelocked lasers are highly sensitive to ambient perturbations, necessitating accurate temperature control and mechanical stabilization. Also, they typically provide pulses with less than 10% duty cycle, which can result in a decreased sensitivity of optically preamplified receivers. Directly modulated semiconductor lasers are compact and robust but suffer from large frequency chirp, which deteriorates the receiver sensitivity. One reliable RZ source is a conventional DFB semiconductor laser with two intensity modulators, one for pulse generation and one for data modulation. Both Mach-Zehnder modulators co-packaged with a laser diode or monolithically integrated electroabsorption modulators should be considered. These modulators can provide almost transform-limited pulses at high repetition rates and with duty cycles of about 30%. Robustness and lifetime are highly promising.
Transcriptional profiling of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae during the acute phase of a natural infection in pigs (2010)

These genes that we have identified as up-regulated in vivo, conserved across serotypes and coding for potential outer membrane proteins represent potential candidates for the development of a cross-protective vaccine against porcine pleuropneumonia.
Evolution of polaron size inLa2−xSrxNiO4 (2002)

Transport and paramagnetic susceptibility studies of single-crystal ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{4}$ samples in the range $0.2&lt;~x&lt;~0.55$ reveal an evolution with increasing x from multicenter to small polarons and a giant Van Vleck contribution to the susceptibility that decreases as x increases. Unlike the system ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ where a dynamic segregation of itinerant-electron and localized-electron phases orders at lowest temperatures into a superconductive phase, the Coulombic repulsion between holes in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{NiO}}_{4}$ reduces the polaron volume as x increases to stabilize charge-ordered phases over the range $0.33&lt;~x&lt;~0.50.$ Existing perturbation theory does not appear to be applicable to the large Van Vleck component of the paramagnetic susceptibility that is observed.
The Role of Melt Chemistry in Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (MCFC] Technology (1996)

An overview is presented of recent developments in MCFC technology that are related to the melt chemistry. The status of chemical and electrochemical aspects of MCFC technology is reviewed, with emphasis on the electrode kinetics, in particular of the cathode, and on the corrosion mechanism of electrode and separator plate materials. Although the current demonstrations of large scale MCFCs all make use of Li-K carbonate eutectic, there is considerable interest in alternative electrolyte compositions. It appears that for the long-term performance of the MCFC, a Li-Na-K carbonate mixture with a composition close to that of the Li-Na eutectic would be advantageous.
Supplementary methods from Autocrine Adenosine Regulates Tumor Polyfunctional CD73<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> Effector T Cells Devoid of Immune Checkpoints (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Material and methods for the migration assay of CD4 T cells in response to CXCL10 and CCL20.&lt;/p&gt;
Transcription Profiling of the Stringent Response in Escherichia coli (2007)

The bacterial stringent response serves as a paradigm for understanding global regulatory processes. It can be triggered by nutrient downshifts or starvation and is characterized by a rapid RelA-dependent increase in the alarmone (p)ppGpp. One hallmark of the response is the switch from maximum-growth-promoting to biosynthesis-related gene expression. However, the global transcription patterns accompanying the stringent response in Escherichia coli have not been analyzed comprehensively. Here, we present a time series of gene expression profiles for two serine hydroxymate-treated cultures: (i) MG1655, a wild-type E. coli K-12 strain, and (ii) an isogenic relADelta251 derivative defective in the stringent response. The stringent response in MG1655 develops in a hierarchical manner, ultimately involving almost 500 differentially expressed genes, while the relADelta251 mutant response is both delayed and limited in scope. We show that in addition to the down-regulation of stable RNA-encoding genes, flagellar and chemotaxis gene expression is also under stringent control. Reduced transcription of these systems, as well as metabolic and transporter-encoding genes, constitutes much of the down-regulated expression pattern. Conversely, a significantly larger number of genes are up-regulated. Under the conditions used, induction of amino acid biosynthetic genes is limited to the leader sequences of attenuator-regulated operons. Instead, up-regulated genes with known functions, including both regulators (e.g., rpoE, rpoH, and rpoS) and effectors, are largely involved in stress responses. However, one-half of the up-regulated genes have unknown functions. How these results are correlated with the various effects of (p)ppGpp (in particular, RNA polymerase redistribution) is discussed.
Monolithic Chalcogenide Optical Nanocomposites Enable Infrared System Innovation: Gradient Refractive Index Optics (2020)

Abstract The size and weight of conventional imaging systems is defined by costly non‐planar lenses and the complex lens assemblies required to minimize optical aberrations. The ability to engineer gradient refractive index (GRIN) optics has the potential to overcome constraints of traditional homogeneous lenses by reducing the number of components in optical systems. Here, an innovative strategy to realize this goal based on monolithic GRIN media created in Ge‐As‐Se‐Pb chalcogenide infrared nanocomposites is presented. A gradient heat treatment to spatially modulate the volume fraction of high refractive index Pb‐rich nanocrystals within a glass matrix is utilized, providing a GRIN profile while maintaining an optical transparency. A first‐ever correlation of material chemistry and microstructure, processing protocol, and optical property modification resulting in a prototype GRIN structure is presented. The integrated approach and mechanistic understanding illustrated by this versatile modification paradigm provides a platform for new optical functionalities in next‐generation imaging applications.
IMPROVEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF RAPESEED PROTEIN CONCENTRATES PRODUCED VIA ALCOHOLIC PROCESSES BY THERMAL AND MECHANICAL TREATMENTS (2010)

ABSTRACT Plant protein products produced via alcoholic extraction procedures often show a deterioration of their functional characteristics. The aim of this study was to modify rapeseed protein concentrates (RPCs) obtained by alcoholic extraction using different treatments in order to reconstitute their functional properties and to evaluate the influences of different modification procedures. It could be shown that a heat treatment at alkaline pH resulted in significant lower emulsification capacity (232 mL/g) but led to amelioration of water binding capacity (4.9 mL/g) and emulsion stability (95%). Heat treatment was also connected with loss in protein solubility whereas homogenization at high pressure revealed maintenance of protein solubility of the RPC concurrent with a significant higher emulsion capacity (357 mL/g) and emulsion stability (83%) in comparison with the untreated RPC (335 mL/g and 56%, respectively). Homogenization technique for RPC seems to be a promising tool for the development of applications in bakery or meat products. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research project Napus 2000 investigated how the use of rapeseed could be improved. The key objectives of this project were to utilize all the rapeseed and to use modern methods of genetic engineering in combination with classical plant cultivation to improve the rape products and so make a contribution to more healthy nutrition. More than 15 famous industrial partners and scientific institutions participated in this project. The key work fields in Napus 2000 were neutral lipids, proteins, antioxidants and polar lipids. The main work area of the Fraunhofer IVV was on proteins and this work covered the development of methods to recover proteins and potential applications of the rape protein products in foods.
Photoresponsive Supramolecular Polymers: Halogen Bonding versus Hydrogen Bonding in Driving Self‐Assembly and Performance of Light‐Responsive Supramolecular Polymers (Adv. Funct. Mater. 12/2012) (2012)

On page 2572 Arri Priimagi, Pierangelo Metrangolo, Giuseppe Resnati, and co-workers report the first light-responsive halogen-bonded polymer systems and highlight the remarkable potential of halogen bonding in fundamental studies of photoresponsive azobenzene-containing polymers. Because of its directionality and tuneable interaction strength, halogen bonding is a viable tool to design high-performance supramolecular polymers for holographic inscription of surface relief gratings (SRG).
Species-specific structural differences in the alpha 1 + alpha 2 domains determine the frequency of murine cytotoxic T cell precursors stimulated by human and murine class I molecules. (1988)

The frequency of murine CTL precursors (CTLp) that recognize the human histocompatibility Ag HLA-A2 and HLA-B7 was measured and found to be approximately two orders of magnitude lower than the frequency of CTLp that recognize murine H-2 alloantigens. The possible contribution of other cell surface molecules to this difference in response was addressed by expression of the H-2Ld molecule on a human cell and the HLA-B7 molecule on a murine cell. It was found that both human and murine H-2Ld expressing cells elicited comparable levels of H-2Ld specific CTL. Although murine HLA-B7 positive cells stimulated a higher frequency of HLA-B7-specific CTLp than did human cells, this appeared to be largely due to stimulation of CTLp that recognized HLA-B7 in the context of H-2 molecules; consequently, it was concluded that the difference in the frequency of murine CTLp elicited by human and murine class I Ag is due to species specific structural differences in these molecules. The regions of the class I molecule that were responsible for this difference were mapped using chimeric class I molecules constructed to replace domains of the human molecule with their murine counterparts. It was found that the frequency of CTLp is controlled by structures within the alpha 1 and alpha 2 domains of the molecule. These results are discussed in the light of models for T cell recognition of class I Ag and the diversification of the T cell receptor repertoire.