gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P3–037: Modeling and elucidating the pathobiology of blast‐induced traumatic brain injury in the mouse (2013)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from blast exposure (Wolf, 2009; Triton Report, 2011) affects an estimated 12–23% of the 2.4 million U.S. military servicemen and women deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan (Hoge, 2009; Terrio, 2009a). Blast-related TBI is a significant risk factor for persistent neuropsychiatric and cognitive impairment (Hoge, 2008a,b; Tanielian, 2008; Benzinger, 2009; Ling, 2009; Terrio, 2009a; Vasterling, 2009; Brenner, 2010; Hicks, 2010; MacDonald, 2011; Peskind, 2011). Our research team is uncovering evidence linking repetitive concussive TBI with later development of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), a devastating tau protein-linked chronic neurodegenerative disease (McKee, 2009; McKee, 2010; McKee, 2012). Blast mouse model, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, electrophysiology, neurobehavior. We report the first case series of postmortem brains from U.S. military veterans with histories of blast exposure and/or concussive injury. Examination of these military veteran brains revealed evidence of CTE neuropathology that was indistinguishable from the pathology in a comparison group of postmortem brains obtained from the youngest athletes with CTE studied to date. In the same study, we demonstrated that C57BL/6 mice exposed to a single blast also develop CTE-linked tau neuropathology, axonopathy, microvasculopathy, and neurodegeneration. Moreover, blast-exposed mice also developed persistent learning and memory deficits that correlated with impaired axonal conduction and defective long-term synaptic plasticity. The neuropathology and neurobehavioral deficits we observed in blast-exposed mice closely recapitulate key clinical features observed in individuals affected by CTE (Baugh, 2012). Finally, we demonstrated that head immobilization during blast exposure blocked blast-induced neurobehavioral impairments, a finding that points to traumatic head acceleration as a major pathogenic contributor to blast-related CTE. Our data identify common determinants leading to CTE neuropathology in blast-exposed military veterans and head-injured athletes, and additionally, provide mechanistic evidence linking blast exposure to later development of CTE-linked neuropathology and neurobehavioral deficits.
Front Cover: Druggability Assessment for Selected Serine Proteases in a Pharmaceutical Industry Setting (ChemMedChem 21/2020) (2020)

The Front Cover shows the backbone representation of a protein structural ensemble for the serine protease FXa with a reticle pointing at it. The potential of targeting a protein with a drug-like molecule plays an important role in early drug discovery. In their study, the authors address the topic of target druggability assessment. They present key insights from high-throughput screening (HTS) and protein structure-based druggability assessments and illustrate that conformational variability matters. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Leon Wehrhan, Katharina Meier et al.
Regulation of carbon and electron flow in Clostridium acetobutylicum grown in chemostat culture at neutral pH on mixtures of glucose and glycerol (1994)

The metabolism of Clostridium acetobutylicum was manipulated, at neutral pH and in chemostat culture, by changing the overall degree of reduction of the substrate, using mixtures of glucose and glycerol. Cultures grown on glucose alone produced only acids, and the intracellular enzymatic pattern indicated the absence of butyraldehyde dehydrogenase activity and very low levels of coenzyme A-transferase, butanol, and ethanol dehydrogenase activities. In contrast, cultures grown on mixtures of glucose and glycerol produced mainly alcohols and low levels of hydrogen. The low production of hydrogen was not associated with a change in the hydrogenase level but was correlated with the induction of a ferredoxin-NAD reductase and a decreased level of NADH-ferredoxin reductase. The production of alcohols was related to the induction of a NAD-dependent butyraldehyde dehydrogenase and to higher expression of NAD-dependent ethanol and butanol dehydrogenases. The coenzyme A-transferase was poorly expressed, and thus no acetone was produced. These changes in the enzymatic pattern, obtained with cultures grown on a mixture of glucose and glycerol, were associated with a 7-fold increase of the intracellular level of NADH and a 2.5-fold increase of the level of ATP.
A general framework for shaping luminescence in materials Charles (2021)

We develop a general framework to describe non-equilibrium radiation by materials in nanophotonic structures (such as photoluminescence/cathodoluminescence/scintillation). We demonstrate the concept experimentally, enhancing and shaping cathodoluminescence from a silica photonic crystal.
Energy-efficient packet processing in 5G mobile systems (2022)

There are several ways to improve the energy efficiency of mobile communication systems and reduce the amount of energy it takes to provide mobile broadband services.
Capacitive sensing testability in complex memory devices (2012)

Printed circuit boards (PCB) with soldered-down arrays of advanced memory devices are growing more common and present a class of difficult testing problems to PCB manufacturing. With the large memory capacities now available, memory expansion connectors are less necessary, and many products have reduced form factors (thinness) that means upright memory DIMM arrays are being phased out. When memory devices are soldered down, they become part of the board test problem, where in the past it was only necessary to test the empty sockets that would later be populated with memory. This paper discusses a Design-for-Test (DFT) technology that can be easily applied to memory devices which is independent of the silicon, and only impacts the design of the package the memory is placed within. This means DFT can be retrofitted to memories already in production without a costly silicon design change.
Primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma: hypermutation of the BCL6 gene targets motifs different from those in diffuse large B-cell and follicular lymphomas. (2004)

The consistent expression of bcl6 protein and occurrence of hypermutation indicate that PMBL should be considered of germinal center origin. The fact that the hypermutation sites and mutational spectrum of BCL6 in PMBL differ from those found in FL and DLCL might suggest that the maturation block of the transforming cells differs among these tumor types, and that the characteristic mutational pattern is present before neoplastic transformation. Thus, our findings strengthen the hypothesis that PMBL originate from an already defined sub-population of B-cells, which are different from those leading to either DLCL or FL.
Gastrointestinal Tolerance of D-Allulose in Healthy and Young Adults. A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial (2018)

D-allulose has recently received attention as a sugar substitute. However, there are currently no reports regarding its association with gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance. Thus, we performed a GI tolerance test for D-allulose in order to establish its daily acceptable intake level. When the dose of D-allulose was gradually increased in steps of 0.1 g/kg·Body Weight (BW) to identify the maximum single dose for occasional ingestion, no cases of severe diarrhea or GI symptoms were noted until a dose of 0.4 g/kg·BW was reached. Severe symptoms of diarrhea were noted at a dose of 0.5 g/kg·BW. Similarly, the GI tolerance test did not show any incidences of severe diarrhea or GI symptoms until a dose of 0.5 g/kg·BW was reached. A correlation analysis of the GI tolerance test for D-allulose and sugar revealed significantly higher frequencies of symptoms of diarrhea (<i>p</i> = 0.004), abdominal distention (<i>p</i> = 0.039), and abdominal pain (<i>p</i> = 0.031) after D-allulose intake. Increasing the total daily D-allulose intake gradually to 1.0 g/kg·BW for regular ingestion resulted in incidences of severe nausea, abdominal pain, headache, anorexia, and diarrheal symptoms. Based on these results, we suggest a maximum single dose and maximum total daily intake of D-Allulose of 0.4 g/kg·BW and 0.9 g/kg·BW, respectively.
Variation of mechanical properties along the length of the aorta in C57bl/6 mice (2003)

The objective of the present study is to obtain a systematic set of data on the mechanical properties along the entire length of the mouse aorta. The ascending aorta of seven mice was cannulated near the aortic valve, and the aorta was preconditioned with several cyclic changes in pressure. The perfusion pressure was then increased in 30-mmHg increments from 0 to 150 mmHg. Cab-O-Sil, colloidal silica, was mixed into the perfusate to prevent flow through the microvessels and hence attain zero-flow distensions. Our results show that the residual circumferential strain leads to a uniformity of transmural strain of the aorta in the loaded state along the entire length of the aorta. This uniformity is attained in the range of 60-120 mmHg. At pressures <60 mmHg, the outer strain is greater than the inner strain, whereas at pressures >120 mmHg, the converse is true. Furthermore, we found that the circumferential and longitudinal stress-strain relationships are linear in the pressure range of 30-120 mmHg. Finally, the circumferential modulus is greatest (most rigid) near the diaphragm, and the majority of volume compliance (85%) is in the thoracic compared with the abdominal aorta. These findings are important for an understanding of the hemodynamics of the cardiovascular system of the normal mouse and will serve as a reference state for the study of various diseases in knock-in and knock-out models of this species.
Flexible array sensors based on zinc oxide nanowires for touch displays (2009)

Recent efforts towards the fabrication of touch sensing systems are presented, in which zinc oxide nanowire arrays are embedded in a polymer matrix to produce an engineered composite material. In the future, these sensor systems will be fully flexible and multi-touch as intended for Nokia's 'Morph' concept device.
Analysis of Clipping-Based PAPR-Reduction in Multicarrier Systems (2009)

This paper presents comparatory studies of two different peak-to-average power-ratio (PAPR) reduction methods when applied to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) communication signals. The studied methods are based on clipping with windowing, and they were originally devised for OFDM transmitters. The performance comparisons are done by evaluating bit error rate and spectral regrowth behavior. The study also investigates the near-far effect for adjacent signals considering both the synchronized and unsynchronized cases. The results show that the methods designed for OFDM can be fully applied to FBMC with similar performance in the synchronized case. Further, the well-known advantage of high spectral selectivity of FBMC in unsynchronized scenarios is also clearly visible when applying the studied techniques.
Organic Reactions. Volume 31 (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic Reactions. Volume 31Stephen BuchwaldCite this: Organometallics 1984, 3, 11, 1776Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online7 January 2004Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00089a903https://doi.org/10.1021/om00089a903research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Peritoneal Dialysis for Acute Kidney Injury: Techniques and Dose (2009)

It has not been clearly shown which modality of dialysis is superior in the management of acute kidney injury (AKI). Most centers in developed countries have adopted extracorporeal blood purification (EBP) strategies, such as continuous or intermittent forms of hemodialysis or hemofiltration, for the supportive management of AKI. On the other hand, the use of peritoneal dialysis (PD) is widespread in developing countries in view of its ease of use, low cost and minimal requirements on infrastructure. The dose of dialysis required for AKI remains controversial, although an augmented dose with a high small solute clearance is advocated until further definitive evidence becomes available. No studies have directly examined the effects of the dose of PD on outcomes in AKI. The targets of dose for PD are inferred from studies conducted with EBP. There are concerns that PD is unable to achieve high clearances required to support a patient with renal failure. However, various techniques have been described which are able to achieve the targets of small solute clearance. These include high volume PD and continuous flow PD. The selection of flexible peritoneal catheters with better catheter function and dialysate flow rates can improve the efficiency of PD. Other aspects of dose should also be examined, including clearance of middle molecular weight toxins as well as adequate fluid removal. With careful selection of techniques to meet the individual demands of the patient, PD is an appropriate modality of dialysis for patients with AKI.
Role of Nanoparticle Surface Functionality in the Disruption of Model Cell Membranes (2012)

Lipid bilayers are biomembranes common to cellular life and constitute a continuous barrier between cells and their environment. Understanding the interaction of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with lipid bilayers is an important step toward predicting subsequent biological effects. In this study, we assess the effect of varying the surface functionality and concentration of 10-nm-diameter gold (Au) and titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) ENMs on the disruption of negatively charged lipid bilayer vesicles (liposomes) using a dye-leakage assay. Our findings show that Au ENMs having both positive and negative surface charge induce leakage that reaches a steady state after several hours. Positively charged particles with identical surface functionality and different core compositions show similar leakage effects and result in faster and greater leakage than negatively charged particles, which suggests that surface functionality, not particle core composition, is a critical factor in determining the interaction between ENMs and lipid bilayers. The results suggest that particles permanently adsorb to bilayers and that only one positively charged particle is required to disrupt a liposome and trigger the leakage of its entire contents in contrast to mellitin molecules, the most widely studied membrane lytic peptide, which requires hundred of molecules to generate leakage.
Apache Spark (2016)

This open source computing framework unifies streaming, batch, and interactive big data workloads to unlock new applications.
Formal Analysis of UML/OCL Models (2008)

In this talk, we present the theorem proving environment -. e - system is an interactive proof environment for / specifications that is integrated in an  framework. - allows to reason over  class models annotated with  specifications. Moreover, - provides several derived proof calculi that allow for formal derivations of validity of / formulae. ese formulae arise naturally when checking the consistency of class models, when formally refining abstract models to more concrete ones or when discharging side-conditions from model-transformations.
Synthesis of the 17-electron cations [FeL(L′)(NO)2]+(L, L′= PPh3, OPPh3): structure and bonding in four-co-ordinate metal dinitrosyls, and implications for the identity of paramagnetic iron dinitrosyl complex catalysts (1996)

The complex [FeL2(NO)2](L = PEt31a, L = PPh31b or L2= dppe 1c) prepared from [{Fe(µ-I)(NO)2}2] and PPh3 or Ph2PCH2CH2PPh2(dppe){in the presence and absence of [Co(cp)2](cp =η5-C5H5) respectively} undergo one-electron oxidation at a platinum electrode in CH2Cl2. The complex [{Fe(µ-dppm)(NO)2}2]2, prepared from [{Fe(µ-I)(NO)2}2] and Ph2PCH2PPh2(dppm) in the presence of [Co(cp)2], undergoes two sequential one-electron oxidations. Complex 1b with [Fe(cp)2]+ gave 1b+, X-ray studies of which show a distorted tetrahedral geometry with near C2v symmetry. Oxidation of 1b leads to substantial lengthening of the Fe–P bonds and changes in the P–Fe–P and N–Fe–N angles. These changes are consistent with significant Fe–P π-bonding character in the singly occupied molecular orbital of 1b+. Cation 1b+ reacts with halide ions, giving [FeX(PPh3)(NO)2](X = Cl or I) and then [FeX2(NO)2]–, and with OPPh3 to give [Fe(OPPh3)(PPh3)(NO)2]+3. X-Ray studies on the last, as its [PF6]– salt, show a distorted tetrahedral geometry; the co-ordination angles at iron approach trigonal bipyramidal with the PPh3 ligand in one apical site and the other apical site vacant. The complex [Fe(OPPh3)2(NO)2]+4+ resulted from the reaction between [{Fe(µ-I)(NO)2}2] and OPPh3 in the presence of TlPF6. An analysis of the ESR spectra of the paramagnetic cations 1b+, 3+ and 4+, together with extended-Hückel MO calculations on models of 1b+ and 3+, suggest that the complex catalysts formed from [{Fe(µ-Cl)(NO)2}2] and Ag+ or Tl+ are also four-co-ordinate 17-electron radicals. A crystallographic database study of four-co-ordinate dinitrosyl complexes of iron and other metals confirms that the N–Fe–N and O ⋯ Fe ⋯ O angles are linearly related. Consideration of these geometric effects, and those resulting from oxidation of 1b, in the light of a model proposed by Summerville and Hoffmann provides insight into the bonding in these and related species.
Dielectrophoresis Field Flow Fractionation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

We report a study on Dielectrophoresis Field Flow Fractionation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs). SWNTs, individually suspended in 1% SDBS solution, were separated by type when they passed a dielectrophoresis field flow fractionation device where 1 MHz AC voltage was supplied and the field strength was well below 1 V per mum. Furthermore, we uniquely observed enrichment of semiconductive SWNTs based on their band gap. In addition to Raman spectrum, UV-vis absorption and NIR fluorescence spectra were used for solution samples for characterization.
How to feed patients with renal dysfunction (2000)

Renal dysfunction is common in critically ill patients and its presence has, in the past, posed serious challenges to nutritional support. Such challenges were due to the increased azotemia induced by protein or amino acid administration, the fluid overload caused by the administration of nutrients, and the difficulties associated with the control of these complications by means of conventional dialytic techniques.The development and increasing application of continuous renal replacement therapy has removed such concerns, because control of azotemia and fluid balance can be predictably and reliably achieved in all patients. Accordingly, the presence of renal failure should in no way influence the amount or type of nutritional support administered to a critically ill patient. We recommend that approximately 30-35 kCal/kg/d be administered enterally and begun within the first few hours of admission to the intensive care unit, and that protein intake be kept in the 1.5-2 g/kg/d range.Accumulating evidence also suggest that immune-enhancing enteral preparations decrease the duration of hospital stay, the number of infections, and perhaps mortality. Such preparations should be used in these patients. Finally, adequate vitamin and trace element supplementation is recommended to counterbalance the decrease in antioxidants and the loss of some vitamins during continuous renal replacement therapy. Available evidence suggests that if these steps are applied as part of a protocol-based approach to the nutritional support of patients with renal failure, morbidity and perhaps mortality can be significantly decreased.
Adrenal Diseases (1998)

The adrenal glands became known as gladulae renis incumbentes through the work of Bartolommeo Eustachio, nearly five centuries ago. These anatomic structures, however, did not enter the realm of clinical medicine until the middle of the 19th century, when T. Addison described the first patients with adrenal insufficiency. In the years that followed, the three zonae of the adrenal cortex were defined and several clinical and pathologic abnormalities were described. Recently, a number of adrenocortical disorders have had their pathophysiology elucidated at the physiologic and molecular levels. This chapter reviews diseases associated with adrenocortical dysfunction, whose molecular pathogenesis is either known or under investigation. These include primary glucocorticoid and corticotropin resistance (hereditary isolated glucocorticoid deficiency, triple A syndrome), adrenal hypoplasia congenita, pseudohypoaldosteronism, adrenoleukodystrophy and adrenomyeloneuropathy, the apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome, and Carney complex. Adrenocortical cancer is discussed separately, since in its inherited forms (Li-Fraumeni and Beckwith-Wiedemann syndromes) the molecular pathogenesis has been elucidated to some extent, whereas little is known about the molecular mechanisms leading to sporadic carcinomas. The congenital adrenal hyperplasia syndromes and Liddle syndrome and other causes of hypertension are described elsewhere.
Thickness dependence of exchange bias and structure in MnPt and MnNi spin valves (2002)

We describe x-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements of annealed MnPt and NiMn spin valves as a function of MnPt (NiMn) film thickness. Thin films (≲5–10 nm) are not chemically ordered and hence not antiferromagnetic, which explains the lack of exchange coupling in these films. With increasing thickness, the L10 chemical order develops (through coexistence between fcc and L10 phases) and there is a strong correlation between chemical order and exchange coupling. The lack of chemical order in the thin films is likely due to a lack of nucleation sites for the L10 phase.