gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galleria mellonella immune melanization is fungicidal during infection (2022)

A key component of the insect immune response is melanin production, including within nodules, or aggregations of immune cells surrounding microbes. Melanization produces oxidative and toxic intermediates that limit microbial infections. However, a direct fungicidal role of melanin during infection has not been demonstrated. We previously reported that the fungus Cryptococcus neoformans is encapsulated with melanin within nodules of Galleria mellonella hosts. Here we developed techniques to study melanin's role during C. neoformans infection in G. mellonella. We provided evidence that in vivo melanin-encapsulation was fungicidal. To further study immune melanization, we applied tissue-clearing techniques to visualize melanized nodules in situ throughout the larvae. Further, we developed a time-lapse microscopy protocol to visualize the melanization kinetics in extracted hemolymph following fungal exposure. Using this technique, we found that cryptococcal melanin and laccase enhance immune melanization. We extended this approach to study the fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Candida auris. We find that the yeast morphologies of these fungi elicited robust melanization responses, while hyphal and pseudohyphal morphologies were melanin-evasive. Approximately 23% of melanin-encapsulated C. albicans yeast can survive and breakthrough the encapsulation. Overall, our results provide direct evidence that immune melanization functions as a direct antifungal mechanism in G. mellonella.
Translating promising strategies for bowel and bladder management in spinal cord injury (2018)

Loss of control over voiding following spinal cord injury (SCI) impacts autonomy, participation and dignity, and can cause life-threatening complications. The importance of SCI bowel and bladder dysfunction warrants significantly more attention from researchers in the field. To address this gap, key SCI clinicians, researchers, government and private funding organizations met to share knowledge and examine emerging approaches. This report reviews recommendations from this effort to identify and prioritize near-term treatment, investigational and translational approaches to addressing the pressing needs of people with SCI.
Supplementary Data from Assessment of Tumor Redox Status through (<i>S</i>)-4-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropyl)-L-Glutamic Acid PET Imaging of System x<sub>c</sub><sup>−</sup> Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods and Figures 1 - 6. Fig. S1 shows effect of TBHP treatment on ROS and [18F]FSPG uptake in ovarian cancer cell lines; Fig. S2 illustrates the relationship between glutamate and cystine concentrations on [18F]FSPG uptake; Fig. S3 quantifies [U-13C6, U-15N2]cystine labeling of M+8 GSSG; Fig. S4 indicates extensive disulfide exchange between cystine and NAC; Fig. S5 depicts doxorubicin-mediated alterations in tumor cell redox state and [18F]FSPG; and Fig. S6 illustrates changes in [18F]FSPG and [18F]FDG tumor retention after doxil treatment of mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Parameterization of triangle meshes over quadrilateral domains (2004)

We present a method for parameterizing irregularly triangulated input models over polyhedral domains with quadrilateral faces. A combination of center-based clustering techniques is used to generate a partition of the model into regions suitable for remeshing. Several issues are addressed: the size and shape of the regions, their positioning with respect to features of the input geometry, and the amount of distortion introduced by approximating each region with a coarse polygon. Region boundaries are used to define a coarse polygonal mesh which is quadrangulated to obtain a parameterization domain. Constraints can be optionally imposed to enforce a strict correspondence between input and output features. We use the parameterization for multiresolution Catmull-Clark remeshing and we illustrate two applications that take advantage of the resulting representation: interactive model editing and texture mapping.
High Performance LSM-Based Cathode Boosted by Stabilized Bismuth Oxide for Low to Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Immunity to Breast Cancer in Mice Immunized with X-Irradiated Breast Cancer Cells Modified to Secrete IL-12 (1999)

A mouse mammary adenocarcinoma cell line (410.4) originating in a BALB/c mouse, was transduced with a retroviral vector (TGF-mIL-12-Neo) that encoded murine IL-12. After confirmation of IL-12-secretion, the cells were tested for their tumorigenic properties in BALB/c mice. The results indicated that unlike other tumors modified for cytokine secretion, modification of 410.4 cells to secrete IL-12 (410.4-IL-12 cells) failed to eliminate the cells' neoplastic growth properties. Progressively growing tumors of 410.4-IL-12 cells invariably formed in syngeneic BALB/c mice and led, eventually, to the animals' death. However, the cells' immunogenic properties were preserved as indicated by the finding that immunizations with 410.4-IL-12 cells, inactivated before injection by X-irradiation, resulted in potent, long-term immunity toward unmodified 410.4 cells and protected the mice against the malignant proliferation of the breast cancer cells. We conclude that modification of 410.4 cells for IL-12-secretion augmented the response of syngeneic BALB/c mice to weakly immunogenic tumor-associated antigens expressed by the cells. The increase in the cells' immunogenic properties, however, was insufficient to prevent tumor growth in the mice. The results point toward the immunotherapeutic potential of X-irradiated tumor cells modified for the secretion of immune augmenting cytokines.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Synthesis of L‐Proline Benzyl Ester. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intradermal delivery of a synthetic DNA vaccine protects macaques from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (2021)

Emerging coronaviruses from zoonotic reservoirs, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been associated with human-to-human transmission and significant morbidity and mortality. Here, we study both intradermal and intramuscular 2-dose delivery regimens of an advanced synthetic DNA vaccine candidate encoding a full-length MERS-CoV spike (S) protein, which induced potent binding and neutralizing antibodies as well as cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques. In a MERS-CoV challenge, all immunized rhesus macaques exhibited reduced clinical symptoms, lowered viral lung load, and decreased severity of pathological signs of disease compared with controls. Intradermal vaccination was dose sparing and more effective in this model at protecting animals from disease. The data support the further study of this vaccine for preventing MERS-CoV infection and transmission, including investigation of such vaccines and simplified delivery routes against emerging coronaviruses.
Dominant-negative p53-overexpression in skeletal muscle induces cell death and fiber atrophy in rats (2022)

The tumor suppressor p53 is thought to play a key role in the maintenance of cell size and homeostasis, but relatively little is known about its role in skeletal muscle. Based on its ability to suppress cell growth, we hypothesized that inhibiting the function of wild-type p53 through the overexpression of a dominant-negative p53 mutant (DDp53) could result in muscle fiber hypertrophy. To test this hypothesis, we electroporated adult rat tibialis anterior muscles with DDp53 and collected the tissue three weeks later. We confirmed successful overexpression of DDp53 on a histological and biochemical level and found pronounced changes to muscle architecture, metabolism, and molecular signaling. Muscle mass, fiber cross-sectional area, and fiber diameter significantly decreased with DDp53 overexpression. We found histopathological changes in DDp53 transfected muscle which were accompanied by increased levels of proteins that are associated with membrane damage and repair. In addition, DDp53 decreased oxidative phosphorylation complex I and V protein levels, and despite its negative effects on muscle mass and fiber size, caused an increase in muscle protein synthesis as assessed via the SUnSET technique. Interestingly, the increase in muscle protein synthesis was concomitant with a decrease in phospho-S6K1 (Thr389). Furthermore, the muscle wasting in the DDp53 electroporated leg was accompanied by a decrease in global protein ubiquitination and an increase in proteasome activity. In conclusion, overexpression of a dominant-negative p53 mutant in skeletal muscle results in decreased muscle mass, myofiber size, histological muscle damage, a metabolic phenotype, and perturbed homeostasis between muscle protein synthesis and degradation.
An Overview on the Isolation and Analysis of Circulating Tumor DNA in Plasma and Serum (2000)

Molecular biology has brought about a new dimension to our understanding and analysis of human cancer. Diagnosis and prognosis of cancer have increasingly benefited from the use of molecular markers and molecular approaches. Although the description of circulating tumor DNA in the blood has a long history, the clinical implications of its presence require a large body of well-controlled and stringently performed large research and clinical tests. This chapter has provided an overview of the essential elements for the preparation and analysis of circulating DNA in the plasma or serum. We hope that the basic approaches and tips summarized here will serve as a foundation for the rigorous and comprehensive molecular analysis of circulating nucleic acids in the years to come.
New Zealand Ballet productions and portraits of dancers (1953)

Collection of photographic prints documenting ballet productions of the New Zealand Ballet Company (and United Ballet Company), dating mainly from the time of its inception in 1953 to the early 1960s, and portaits of New Zealand ballet dancers, including images taken by Keith Woods, John Tudehope, John Ashton, Ronald Woolf and others.
The collection consists of photographs of dancers and productions, including:
'Swan Lake' (1953) - including portraits of Poul Gnatt solo, Marion Newman solo, Gnatt and Newman dancing pas de deux, and Gnatt together with Newman, Gloria Young and Pamela Bishop-Williams.
'Valse Triste' (1953) - a series of seven images of Poul Gnatt and Joyce Quealy.
'Le Spectre de la Rose' (1953) - Poul Gnatt and unidentified female dancer.
'Napoli' (Act III) (1954) - portraits of individuals and full cast of unidentified dancers.
'Giselle' (1954) - excerpts performed under the auspices of the Auckland University College Ballet Appreciation Club on 10 March 1954, photographed by Keith Woods. Features Pamela Bishop-Williams, Gloria Young, Poul Gnatt, Julie Barker, Randell Young, Joyce Quealy and Marion Newman.
'Satan's Wedding' (1954) - images showing cast in rehearsal.
'Sonata' (1956) - featuring Rodney MacDonald and three other dancers.
'Popular Pastime' (1956)
'La Sylphide' (1958)
'Prince Igor' (1959) - featuring Russell Kerr and other cast members, photographed by John Tudehope.
'Prismatic Variations' (1959-1960) - United Ballet Company production premiered in Auckland in 1959, and a major feature of the Wellington season in 1960. Images portray Russell Kerr and his wife June Kerr, nee Greenhalgh, and the cast of ten dancers.
'Peter and the Wolf' (1962) - features Christine Stevenson and Jacqui Trimmer, nee Oswald, in the roles of Bird and Cat.
'Casse Noisette' ['The Nutcracker'] (1963)
And images from 'Les Preludes' and other unidentified productions.
Portraits of New Zealand Ballet dancers, including:
Poul Gnatt (by Ronald D Woolf), Russell Kerr, Christopher Lyall, June Mason, Yvonne Parnell, Jane Roseman, Jon Trimmer, and Gloria Young.
Also includes photographs of Poul Gnatt and helpers building stage decor at his home in Gribblehurst Road, photographed by Keith Woods, and images of the ballet company on tour. 
Arrangement: Photographs with caption information are grouped in approximately chronological order by production, followed by portraits of dancers. 
Quantity: 81 b&w original photographic print(s).
The costs and benefits of tonal centers for chord processing. (2003)

Harmonic priming studies have shown that a musical context, with its established tonal center, influences target chord processing. This study investigated costs and benefits of priming tonal centers for target processing by adding a baseline condition (sequences without a specific tonal center). Results confirmed harmonic priming, with faster processing for related than for unrelated and less related targets (tonic chord, out-of-key chord, subdominant chord). Comparing targets in baseline contexts with targets in sequences with well-established tonal centers revealed a benefit of processing for related targets but a cost of processing for unrelated and less related targets. Findings are discussed in terns of tonal knowledge activation and suggest that an activated tonal center gives rise to strong expectations for the tonic.
Duodenal Varices in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (1993)

See also: Evaluation of Endosonography in Sclerotherapy of Esophageal VaricesEndoscopy 1991; 23(05): 247-250DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-1010678
Parallel image compression circuit for high-speed cameras (2005)

In this paper, we propose 32 parallel image compression circuits for high-speed cameras. The proposed compression circuits are based on a 4 x 4-point 2-dimensional DCT using a DA method, zigzag scanning of 4 blocks of the 2-D DCT coefficients and a 1-dimensional Huffman coding. The compression engine is designed with FPGAs, and the hardware complexity is compared with JPEG algorithm. It is found that the proposed compression circuits require much less hardware, leading to a compact high-speed implementation of the image compression circuits using parallel processing architecture. The PSNR of the reconstructed image using the proposed encoding method is better than that of JPEG at the region of low compression ratio.
Highly-efficient high-power pumps for QCW fiber lasers (2019)

We report on new generation high power multimode pumps based on long cavity AlGaInAs/GaAs 9XX-nm chips. These chips are produced in high volume by Solid Source MBE growth on four-inch diameter GaAs wafers. Uniformity of material grown on multi-four-inch wafers is presented. We also demonstrate the uniformity of lasing parameters of ChipOn-Submount (COS) across individual four-inch wafers and across the entire 19”-diameter MBE-platen growth area. We discuss the performance of high power pumps based on simple spatial beam combining. Ultimate ex-fiber (~100 µm core diameter) power launched in CW and QCW modes of operation was recorded in excess of 350 W and 450W, correspondingly. We demonstrate fully wavelength stabilized operation in driving current range in excess of 22A and exfiber power in excess of 135W.
Frozen in Time: The History of Proteins (2017)

The ribosome is imprinted with a detailed molecular chronology of the origins and early evolution of proteins. Here we show that when arranged by evolutionary phase of ribosomal evolution, ribosomal protein (rProtein) segments reveal an atomic level history of protein folding. The data support a model in which aboriginal oligomers evolved into globular proteins in a hierarchical step-wise process. Complexity of assembly and folding of polypeptide increased incrementally in concert with expansion of rRNA. (i) Short random coil proto-peptides bound to rRNA, and (ii) lengthened over time and coalesced into β-β secondary elements. These secondary elements (iii) accreted and collapsed, primarily into β-domains. Domains (iv) accumulated and gained complex super-secondary structures composed of mixtures of α-helices and β-strands. Early protein evolution was guided and accelerated by interactions with rRNA. rRNA and proto-peptide provided mutual protection from chemical degradation and disassembly. rRNA stabilized polypeptide assemblies, which evolved in a stepwise process into globular domains, bypassing the immense space of random unproductive sequences. Coded proteins originated as oligomers and polymers created by the ribosome, on the ribosome and for the ribosome. Synthesis of increasingly longer products was iteratively coupled with lengthening and maturation of the ribosomal exit tunnel. Protein catalysis appears to be a late byproduct of selection for sophisticated and finely controlled assembly.
Genome-wide tracking of dCas9-methyltransferase footprints (2018)

In normal mammalian development cytosine methylation is essential and is directed to specific regions of the genome. Despite notable advances through mapping its genome-wide distribution, studying the direct contribution of DNA methylation to gene and genome regulation has been limited by the lack of tools for its precise manipulation. Thus, combining the targeting capability of the CRISPR-Cas9 system with an epigenetic modifier has attracted interest in the scientific community. In contrast to profiling the genome-wide cleavage of a nuclease competent Cas9, tracing the global activity of a dead Cas9 (dCas9) methyltransferase fusion protein is challenging within a highly methylated genome. Here, we report the generation and use of an engineered, methylation depleted but maintenance competent mouse ES cell line and find surprisingly ubiquitous nuclear activity of dCas9-methyltransferases. Subsequent experiments in human somatic cells refine these observations and point to an important difference between genetic and epigenetic editing tools that require unique experimental considerations.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Oxidative Coupling of Alkenes/ α‐Bromoacetophenones with Aldehydes: A Facile Entry to α,β‐Epoxy Ketones (2015)

A novel, N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyzed direct oxidative coupling of styrenes with aldehydes has been described for the synthesis of α,β-epoxy ketones in good yields. This unprecedented regioselective oxidative coupling employs NBS/DBU/DMSO (DBU=1,8-diazabicyclo [5.4. 0] undec-7-ene, DMSO=dimethylsulfoxide, NBS=N-bromosuccinimide) as an oxidative system at ambient conditions. Additionally, first NHC-catalyzed Darzens reaction of α-bromoketones and aldehydes under mild reaction conditions has also been described. Interestingly, mechanistic studies have revealed the preferred reactivity of NHC with alkene/α-bromoketone rather than aldehydes, thus proceeding via the ketodeoxy Breslow intermediate.
Differences in left ventricular and left atrial function assessed during breath-holding and breathing (2021)

Systolic and diastolic LV and LA function parameters acquired during inspiratory breath-holding and breathing differ, and large inter-individual breath-hold-to-breathing variations are possible. Thus, the breathing state should be taken into account, especially when comparing results in patient follow-up acquired in different respiratory states.
2-D Digital Predistortion (2-D-DPD) Architecture for Concurrent Dual-Band Transmitters (2011)

This paper presents a novel 2-D digital-predistortion (2-D-DPD) technique that is applicable for linearization of concurrent dual-band transmitters. This technique uses a unique way for distortion compensation and linearization of dual-band transmitters by selecting, characterizing, and applying predistortion in each band separately. Compared to conventional linearization techniques, this 2-D-DPD method requires a lower sampling rate for digital-to-analog and analog-to-digital converters. The performance of the 2-D-DPD topology is evaluated using two modulated signals, Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access and wideband code-division multiple-access, separated in frequency by 100 MHz. The measurement results show an adjacent channel power ratio of less than -50 dBc and a normalized mean square error of less than -40 dB.
Integrated parallel interleaved concatenation for lowering error floors of LDPC codes (2016)

In order to suppress error floors of low density parity check (LDPC) codes, we study a parallel concatenation scheme with an intermediate single parity check (SPC) code and interleavers. The interleavers of the concatenation play an important role to lower error floors, because it is highly possible that interleaved bits in a trapping set are not to be in error even if the bits in the trapping set are originally in error. For quasi-cyclic LDPC codes, our simulation results confirm that the integrated parallel interleaved concatenation with circulant-size cyclic-shift interleavers improves error-floor performance, and it is better than serial concatenation schemes with BCH codes. If a decoder can afford to accommodate higher-hardware complexity, the decoding performance of our scheme improves so that the error floor can be lowered further.
Digital Watermarking Framework (2006)

This chapter reviews a framework that includes digital watermark classifications, applications, important algorithm parameters, the requirements for applications in terms of these parameters, and workflow. Digital watermarks are digital data that is embedded into content and may survive analog conversion and standard processing. Digital watermarking extends digital asset management (DAM) and electronic content management (ECM) solutions outside compliant internal systems and can speed entering metadata into local DAM and ECM systems. The challenge in commercializing watermarking algorithms is to find the optimal set of trade-offs for a given application and validating performance against customer requirements. Depending on the application, performance of the embedder or detector may be more important. Digital watermarks enable copyright holders to communicate their ownership, usually with a public detector, thereby helping to protect their content from unauthorized use, enabling infringement detection, and promoting licensing. Ideally, the watermark data is not perceptible to the human eye and ear, but can be read by computers.
An improved robust data transmission based on Walsh sequences and RS code for the ATSC terrestrial DTV systems (2012)

In order to facilitate the interference manipulation, the ATSC recommended practice (RP) A/110B introduces transmitter identification (TxID) signals with very low level, which are embedded in the DTV signal to be transmitted from each transmitter and repeater. Also, the TxID signals can be used for a very low-rate additional data transmission in ATSC DTV systems. In this paper, we propose an improved robust data transmission system based on Walsh sequences and RS (Reed-Solomon) code for the ATSC terrestrial DTV systems. The proposed system significantly improves the robustness compared to the conventional system.