gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prostaglandin E1-Induced Hyperostosis: Clinicopathologic Correlations and Possible Pathogenetic Mechanisms (1996)

Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) causes skeletal hypertrophy, a phenomenon noted when it is administered for several weeks to maintain ductus arteriosus patency in neonates with congenital heart disease. This effect, a dose-dependent and reversible hyperostosis, was described radiologically as bone within bone, but skeletal histopathology was not studied. We compared postmortem gross, radiological, and histological bone findings for untreated controls and term gestation infants after 4, 27, and 56 days of continuous 0.1-0.2 microgram/kg/min PGE1. Bone was not significantly different from controls after 4 days of PGE1. Radiographs were negative after 27 days, but femoral cortex showed early periosteal osteoblast proliferation. At 56 days of PGE1, there was severe, radiologically apparent neocortex formation in tubular, rib, and scapular bones. Corresponding sections of femoral shaft revealed distinctive histopathology with thickened periosteum and fibrocartilage-like tissue covering an exuberant neocortex of closely aligned, gracile, woven bone trabeculae. Paratrabecular stroma contained ectatic capillaries orthogonally oriented to the periosteum, suggesting that a vascular reaction to PGE1 is important in the observed effect. The native cortex was partially resorbed; because it is stress shielded by the neocortex and no inflammation was present, this was interpreted as a secondary effect. We conclude that PGE1-associated paracortical bone hypertrophy is distinct from inflammatory processes and that its early stages may not be apparent radiologically. Moreover, the time course of PGE1-induced osteoblast proliferation and mineralization suggests that experimental use for 4-8 weeks may benefit conditions such as ununited fractures.
Subtype-Selective Small Molecule Inhibitors Reveal a Fundamental Role for Nav1.7 in Nociceptor Electrogenesis, Axonal Conduction and Presynaptic Release (2016)

Human genetic studies show that the voltage gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) is a key molecular determinant of pain sensation. However, defining the Nav1.7 contribution to nociceptive signalling has been hampered by a lack of selective inhibitors. Here we report two potent and selective arylsulfonamide Nav1.7 inhibitors; PF-05198007 and PF-05089771, which we have used to directly interrogate Nav1.7's role in nociceptor physiology. We report that Nav1.7 is the predominant functional TTX-sensitive Nav in mouse and human nociceptors and contributes to the initiation and the upstroke phase of the nociceptor action potential. Moreover, we confirm a role for Nav1.7 in influencing synaptic transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord as well as peripheral neuropeptide release in the skin. These findings demonstrate multiple contributions of Nav1.7 to nociceptor signalling and shed new light on the relative functional contribution of this channel to peripheral and central noxious signal transmission.
SAT-655 Bile Acid Sequestration Synergistically Accelerates Glucagon Receptor-Stimulated Body Weight Loss in Diet-Induced Obese Mice (2020)

Abstract Glucagon, an essential regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, also promotes weight loss in obese mice. We have shown that hepatic Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR, a bile acid receptor) and bile acids (BA) play an important role in the anti-obesity effect of glucagon in mice. Specifically, glucagon-receptor (GCGR) agonism is a potent regulator of BA metabolism, increasing total plasma BA levels and preferentially raising cholic and chenodeoxycholic acid levels. These findings led us to hypothesize that BA, signaling via hepatic FXR, contributes to GCGR-stimulated weight loss. Furthermore, we reasoned that BA sequestration may impair GCGR-mediated weight loss by reducing the availability of BA to stimulate FXR-action. Thus, to elucidate the role of BA in GCGR-mediated weight loss, we utilized anion-exchange BA-binding resins (BARS; Cholestyramine and Colesevelam) to prevent intestinal (ileal) re-uptake and reduce plasma total cholesterol, LDL, and BAs via fecal excretion. Diet-induced obese (DIO) C57Bl/6J mice were randomized to groups matched for body-weight and administered daily GCGR agonism (IUB288, 10 nmol/kg, s.c.) or vehicle, in the presence or absence of BARS. Consistent with our prior findings, IUB288-treatment reduced body weight in DIO mice. Counter to our original hypothesis, IUB288+Cholestyramine (3% in high fat diet, HFD [58% kcal%]) enhanced IUB288-stimulated weight loss. Similar body-weight loss effects following combined IUB288 and BARS treatment were replicated both at a lower dose of Cholestyramine (1.5% in HFD), as well as in combination with both low- (2% in HFD) and high- (4% in HFD) dose Colesevelam. IUB288-stimulated weight loss is accompanied by suppression of food intake (FI), while Colesevelam alone did not significantly lower FI at either dose (2 or 4% in HFD). However, 4% Colesevelam with IUB288 completely suppressed FI, while 2% Colesevelam stimulated a reduced, though not complete suppression. GCGR agonism is a potent stimulus of weight loss; however, its impairment of glucose tolerance reduces its value as a monotherapy. Excitingly, Cholestyramine (3% in HFD) rescued IUB288-induced glucose intolerance, restoring glucose excursion to levels observed in control (vehicle-treated) mice. Together these studies suggest BARS may enhance the anti-obesity effect of GCGR agonism, beneficially regulate feeding behaviors, and prevent GCGR-stimulated glucose dysregulation in DIO mice. Furthermore, these studies argue that GCGR agonsim combined with BARS treatment may represent a novel therapeutic approach for obesity and obesity-associated glucose intolerance.
Evaluating Organism-Wide Changes in the Metabolome and Microbiome following a Single Dose of Antibiotic (2020)

Antibiotics are a mainstay of modern medicine, but as they kill their target pathogen(s), they often affect the commensal microbiota. Antibiotic-induced microbiome dysbiosis is a growing research focus and health concern, often assessed via analysis of fecal samples. However, such analysis does not inform how antibiotics influence the microbiome across the whole host or how such changes subsequently alter host chemistry. In this study, we investigated the acute (1 day postadministration) and delayed (6 days postadministration) effects of a single parenteral dose of two common antibiotics, ampicillin or vancomycin, on the global metabolome and microbiome of mice across 77 different body sites from 25 different organs. The broader-spectrum agent ampicillin had the greatest impact on the microbiota in the lower gastrointestinal tract (cecum and colon), where microbial diversity is highest. In the metabolome, the greatest effects were seen 1 day posttreatment, and changes in metabolite abundances were not confined to the gut. The local abundance of ampicillin and its metabolites correlated with increased metabolome effect size and a loss of alpha diversity versus control mice. Additionally, small peptides were elevated in the lower gastrointestinal tract of mice 1 day after antibiotic treatment. While a single parenteral dose of antibiotic did not drastically alter the microbiome, nevertheless, changes in the metabolome were observed both within and outside the gut. This study provides a framework for how whole-organism -omics approaches can be employed to understand the impact of antibiotics on the entire host.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> We are just beginning to understand the unintended effects of antibiotics on our microbiomes and health. In this study, we aimed to define an approach by which one could obtain a comprehensive picture of (i) how antibiotics spatiotemporally impact commensal microbes throughout the gut and (ii) how these changes influence host chemistry throughout the body. We found that just a single dose of antibiotic altered host chemistry in a variety of organs and that microbiome alterations were not uniform throughout the gut. As technological advances increase the feasibility of whole-organism studies, we argue that using these approaches can provide further insight on both the wide-ranging effects of antibiotics on health and how to restore microbial communities to mitigate these effects.
On the Performance of One-Bit DoA Estimation via Sparse Linear Arrays (2021)

Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation using Sparse Linear Arrays (SLAs) has recently gained considerable attention in array processing thanks to their capability to provide enhanced degrees of freedom in resolving uncorrelated source signals. Additionally, deployment of one-bit Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) has emerged as an important topic in array processing, as it offers both a low-cost and a low-complexity implementation. In this paper, we study the problem of DoA estimation from one-bit measurements received by an SLA. Specifically, we first investigate the identifiability conditions for the DoA estimation problem from one-bit SLA data and establish an equivalency with the case when DoAs are estimated from infinite-bit unquantized measurements. Towards determining the performance limits of DoA estimation from one-bit quantized data, we derive a pessimistic approximation of the corresponding Cram\'{e}r-Rao Bound (CRB). This pessimistic CRB is then used as a benchmark for assessing the performance of one-bit DoA estimators. We also propose a new algorithm for estimating DoAs from one-bit quantized data. We investigate the analytical performance of the proposed method through deriving a closed-form expression for the covariance matrix of the asymptotic distribution of the DoA estimation errors and show that it outperforms the existing algorithms in the literature. Numerical simulations are provided to validate the analytical derivations and corroborate the resulting performance improvement.
A Synthetic Strategy for the Cyclodepsipeptide Core of the Antitumor Antibiotic Verucopeptin (2001)

[reaction: see text]. An efficient [2 + 2 + 2]-fragment condensation strategy is described for obtaining the cyclodepsipeptide core of verucopeptin. The 19-membered macrocycle was established through a Carpino HATU mediated macrolactamization, which proceeded in good yield under high-dilution conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Some Macrocyclic C13‐Lactones. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A phase I trial of intravesical antisense oligonucleotide targeting heat shock protein 27 (OGX-427) for the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. (2012)

286 Background: The treatment options to prevent recurrence and progression in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) are limited. Heat Shock Protein 27 (Hsp27) is a cytoprotective protein that has been shown to be important in a variety of malignancies, including bladder cancer (BCa), where it has been linked to therapeutic resistance and disease progression. OGX-427 is a 2nd generation (2’-MOE) antisense oligonucleotide that potently inhibits Hsp27 expression in vitro and in vivo. Methods: We initiated a phase I clinical study to assess the safety, pharmacokinetic (pk), pharmacodynamic (pd) and biologic effects of intravesical treatments of OGX-427 using a presurgical dose-escalating design for patients with BCa. Eligible patients include patients with Ta, T1 or carcinoma-in-situ and candidates for transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT), or patients with muscle invasive BCa (&gt;cT2) and candidates for radical cystectomy (RC). Patients are treated with intravesical OGX-427 on days 1,3,5, and 8 and then undergo surgery on day 9-12. Dose is escalated after tolerability and safety assessment for each cohort at 20uM, 50 uM, 100uM, 250uM, 500uM, and 750uM. Results: To date, we have enrolled 13 patients in the trial and have completed the 250uM cohort. 12 patients had NMIBC and one had cT2 disease and underwent a cystectomy. No significant drug-related adverse events have been reported; no dose limiting toxicity was observed and only one patient developed gross hematuria (grade 1) within 24 hours of administration of drug that spontaneously resolved. Pathological staging of surgical specimens revealed that five patients (38%) had complete responses (p0). The remaining NMIBC patients had pTa tumors that ranged from G1-G2; the sole patient undergoing cystectomy had pT2aG3 bladder cancer. Accrual of the two remaining cohorts will be complete shortly and the pd and pk analysis will be performed once all specimens are available. Conclusions: OGX-427 is well tolerated intravesically with minimal toxicity. Our results indicate early evidence of activity of OGX-427 against bladder cancer that requires confirmation in phase II/III studies.
Live Monitoring of Cargo Release From Peptide‐Based Hybrid Nanocapsules Induced by Enzyme Cleavage (2012)

The miniemulsion process is used as a new route for the preparation of enzyme-responsive nanocapsules with payload-release properties. Peptide-based hybrid nanocapsules are prepared via interfacial polyaddition containing a water-soluble dye that is efficiently encapsulated inside. The influence of the synthetic parameters as the functionality of the peptide and the nature of the dispersed phase on the structure of the nanocapsules were investigated. After redispersion in water, the enzymatic cleavage of the peptide sequence and the release of the fluorescent dye are both monitored in real time. This is evidenced because of the quenching FRET system framing the recognition site in the peptide sequence, and the fluorescence recovery of the self-quenched encapsulated dye respectively.
Effect of Inductively Coupled Plasma on the Electrical and Optical Properties of Indium Tin Oxide Films Deposited by Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Liquid crystalline solvents as mechanistic probes. 50. Kinetics of isothermal crystallization of a smectic partially fluorinated alcohol by deuteron NMR (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiquid crystalline solvents as mechanistic probes. 50. Kinetics of isothermal crystallization of a smectic partially fluorinated alcohol by deuteron NMRKenneth J. McGrath and Richard G. WeissCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 42, 11115–11121Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100144a036https://doi.org/10.1021/j100144a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Selective Agonists for Dopamine/Neurotensin Receptor Heterodimers (2011)

The neuromodulatory peptide neurotensin has been described to functionally interact with dopaminergic pathways of the human brain. We employed radioligand binding studies to investigate the physical interaction between co-expressed dopamine D(2L) or D₃ and neurotensin NTS₁ or NTS₂ receptors. Substantial cross-inhibitory effects of both receptor subtypes NTS(1) and NTS₂ on the agonist binding of D(2L) or D₃ were detected in the presence of neurotensin. To identify ligand-specific modulation and subtype-dependent differences, the novel dopamine receptor agonists 5 and 6 bearing the 7-OH-DPAT pharmacophore were synthesized. Exceptional ligand specificity was observed for D₃-NTS₂ co-expression, which gave a 20-fold decrease in affinity for biphenylcarboxamide 5 in the presence of neurotensin. Comparing the binding properties of dopaminergic compounds in the presence of neurotensin, dopamine receptor subtype-selective profiles of the cross-inhibitory effect of neurotensin were observed.
Synthese von 4‐Methyl‐3‐methylen‐4‐penten‐2‐on (Acetylisopren) und seine Umsetzung mit Dienophilen (1976)

Abstract Mesityloxid (1) reagiert unter Basenkatalyse mit Formaldehyd zu 3‐Hydroxymethyl‐2‐methyl‐I‐penten‐4‐on (2). Die Dehydratisierung von 2 führt zu 4‐Methyl‐3‐methylen‐4‐penten‐2‐on (3). Sowohl 3 als auch 2, reagieren mit Dienophilen zu den Diels‐Alder‐Addukten 6‐12.
Challenging the Hypothesis of de novo Biosynthesis of Bile Acids by Marine Bacteria (2022)

Felipe Gonzalo Tueros, Mostafa M. Hashim Ellabaan, Marcus Henricsson, Ruben Vazquez-Uribe, Fredrik Bäckhed, and Morten Otto Alexander Sommer. Microbiol. Biotechnol. Lett. 2022;50:102-9. https://doi.org/10.48022/mbl.2111.11010
Sleep in Psychotic Disorders: Results From Nationwide SUPER Finland Study (2022)

In our sample, patients with psychotic disorders have more sleep problems-especially long sleep duration but also insomnia symptoms-compared with the general population. The patients can in a latent class analysis of their sleep symptoms be divided into groups with differing sleep profiles.
Tendencias poblacionales de la avifauna madrileña: diez años de Programa Sacre (2005)

Este tipo de informacion solo estaba disponible hasta ahora para un reducido numero de especies socialmente “emblematicas” y facilmente censables en gran parte de su area de distribucion (veanse las sintesis existentes, por ejemplo, para el aguila imperial iberica Aquila adalberti—Gonzalez y Oria 2001—, el quebrantahuesos Gypaetus barbatus—Antor 2001—, la ciguena blanca Ciconia ciconia —Molina y Del Moral 2005—, o la avutarda comun Otis tarda —Alonso et al. 2005). Desconocer esta tendencia para la inmensa mayoria de las especies dificulta mucho la cuantificacion objetiva de su grado de rareza y de su vulnerabilidad, dos parametros imprescindibles para establecer las prioridades de conservacion (UICN 2001; Madrono et al. 2004). No obstante, gracias a los muestreos estandarizados realizados anualmente por los participantes del programa SACRE, actualmente podemos inferir con bastante fiabilidad la evolucion de los efectivos poblacionales de casi el 50% de las especies reproductoras de Espana (www.seo.org/?seguimientodeaves), para la mayoria de las cuales este dato era hasta ahora puramente especulativo o totalmente desconocido.
Coherence-based diffuseness estimation in the spherical harmonic domain (2012)

The diffuseness of sound fields has previously been estimated in the spatial domain using the spatial coherence between a pair of microphones (omnidirectional or first-order). In this paper, we propose a diffuseness estimator for spherical microphone arrays based on the coherence between eigenbeams, which result from a spherical harmonic decomposition of the sound field. The weighted averaging of the diffuseness estimates over all eigenbeam pairs is shown to significantly reduce the variance of the estimates, particularly in fields with low diffuseness.
Progress in Wavelength Conversion Crystals (2011)

Wavelength conversion is essential to extend laser’s application fi eld. While introducing wavelength
Squaraine Dye-Sensitized Upconversion with Enhanced Stability and Minimized Aggregation-Caused Quenching (2023)

Upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) doped with lanthanides have limited brightness due to their small absorption cross section to light. However, using organic sensitizers can significantly enhance their light absorption ability. Unfortunately, the practical application of organic sensitizers has been hindered by poor stability and aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ). To address these issues, we developed a novel squaraine-based dye, SQ-739, for sensitizing upconversion luminescence (UCL). This dye has a maximum absorption at 739 nm, and shows 1 order of magnitude and 2-fold improved chemical- and photostability, compared to the commonly used cyanine-based dye IR-806, respectively. When SQ-739 is used to sensitize UCNPs, the resulting SQ-739-UCNPs exhibit excellent photostability and reduced ACQ in the presence of polar solvents. Moreover, at the single particle level, the SQ-739-UCNPs exhibit a 97-fold increase in UCL emission compared to bare UCNPs. This squaraine dye-based system represents a new design strategy for developing highly stable and efficient NIR upconversion probes.
Looking Inside a Working SiLED (2013)

In this study, we investigate for the first time morphological and compositional changes of silicon quantum dot (SiQD) light-emitting diodes (SiLEDs) upon device operation. By means of advanced transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis including energy filtered TEM (EFTEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, we observe drastic morphological changes and degradation for SiLEDs operated under high applied voltage ultimately leading to device failure. However, SiLEDs built from size-separated SiQDs operating under normal conditions show no morphological and compositional changes and the biexponential loss in electroluminescence seems to be correlated to chemical and physical degradation of the SiQDs. By contrast, we found that, for SiLEDs fabricated from polydisperse SiQDs, device degradation is more pronounced with three main modes of failure contributing to the reduced overall lifetime compared to those prepared from size-separated SiQDs. With this newfound knowledge, it is possible to devise ways to increase the lifetimes of SiLEDs.
Multi-dimensional Graph Convolutional Networks (2019)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) leverage the great power in representation learning on regular grid data such as image and video. Recently, increasing attention has been paid on generalizing CNNs to graph or network data which is highly irregular. Some focus on graph-level representation learning while others aim to learn node-level representations. These methods have been shown to boost the performance of many graph-level tasks such as graph classification and node-level tasks such as node classification. Most of these methods have been designed for single-dimensional graphs where a pair of nodes can only be connected by one type of relation. However, many real-world graphs have multiple types of relations and they can be naturally modeled as multi-dimensional graphs with each type of relation as a dimension. Multi-dimensional graphs bring about richer interactions between dimensions, which poses tremendous challenges to the graph convolutional neural networks designed for single-dimensional graphs. In this paper, we study the problem of graph convolutional networks for multidimensional graphs and propose a multi-dimensional convolutional neural network model mGCN aiming to capture rich information in learning node-level representations for multi-dimensional graphs. Comprehensive experiments on real-world multi-dimensional graphs demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.