gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoelectrics with Earth Abundant Elements: High Performance p-type PbS Nanostructured with SrS and CaS (2012)

We report high thermoelectric performance in nanostructured p-type PbS, a material consisting of highly earth abundant and inexpensive elements. The high level of Na doping switched intrinsic n-type PbS to p-type and substantially raised the power factor maximum for pure PbS to ~9.0 μW cm(-1) K(-2) at >723 K using 2.5 at. % Na as the hole dopant. Contrary to that of PbTe, no enhancement in the Hall coefficient occurs at high temperature for heavily doped p-type PbS, indicating a single band model and no heavy hole band. We also report that the lattice thermal conductivity of PbS can be greatly reduced by adding SrS or CaS, which form a combination of a nanostructured/solid solution material as determined by transmission electron microscopy. We find that both nanoscale precipitates and point defects play an important role in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity, but the contribution from nanoscale precipitates of SrS is greater than that of CaS, whereas the contribution from point defects in the case of CaS is greater than that of SrS. Theoretical calculations of the lattice thermal conductivity based on the modified Callaway model reveal that both nanostructures and point defects (solid solution) effectively scatter phonons in this system. The lattice thermal conductivity at 723 K can be reduced by ~50% by introducing up to 4.0 at. % of either SrS or CaS. As a consequence, ZT values as high as 1.22 and 1.12 at 923 K can be achieved for nominal Pb(0.975)Na(0.025)S with 3.0 at. % SrS and CaS, respectively. No deterioration was observed after a 15 d annealing treatment of the samples, indicating the excellent thermal stability for these high performance thermoelectrics. The promising thermoelectric properties of nanostructured PbS point to a robust low cost alternative to other high performance thermoelectric materials.
Hippea maritima gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus of thermophilic, sulfur-reducing bacterium from submarine hot vents (1999)

Three strains of moderately thermophilic, sulfur-reducing bacteria were isolated from shallow-water hot vents of the Bay of Plenty (New Zealand) and Matupi Harbour (Papua New Guinea). Cells of all isolates were short, Gram-negative, motile rods with one polar flagellum. All strains were obligate anaerobes and grew optimally at pH 5.8-6.2, 52-54 degrees C and 2.5-3% (w/v) NaCl. Growth substrates were molecular hydrogen, acetate and saturated fatty acids; one of the strains, isolated from Matupi Harbour, was able to utilize ethanol. Elemental sulfur was required for growth. H2S and CO2 were the only growth products. No growth occurred in the absence of 100 mg yeast extract I-1. The G+C content of the DNA determined for the type strain MH2T was 40.4 mol%. Results of 16S rDNA sequencing indicated that these strains represent a distinct lineage most closely related to the genus Desulfurella. On the basis of the results of morphological, physiological and phylogenetic studies, a new genus, Hippea gen. nov., is proposed with the type species Hippea maritima gen. nov., sp. nov., of which the type strain is MH2T (= DSM 10411T).
Nonhuman Primate Models in Translational Regenerative Medicine (2014)

Humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs) are similar in size, behavior, physiology, biochemistry, structure and function of organs, and complexity of the immune system. Research on NHPs generates complementary data that bridge translational research from small animal models to humans. NHP models of human disease offer unique opportunities to develop stem cell-based therapeutic interventions that directly address relevant and challenging translational aspects of cell transplantation therapy. These include the use of autologous induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cellular products, issues related to the immune response in autologous and allogeneic setting, pros and cons of delivery techniques in a clinical setting, as well as the safety and efficacy of candidate cell lines. The NHP model allows the assessment of complex physiological, biochemical, behavioral, and imaging end points, with direct relevance to human conditions. At the same time, the value of using primates in scientific research must be carefully evaluated and timed due to expense and the necessity for specialized equipment and highly trained personnel. Often it is more efficient and useful to perform initial proof-of-concept studies for new therapeutics in rodents and/or other species before the pivotal studies in NHPs that may eventually lead to first-in-human trials. In this report, we present how the Southwest National Primate Research Center, one of seven NIH-funded National Primate Research Centers, may help the global community in translating promising technologies to the clinical arena.
From Scourge to Cure: Tumour-Selective Viral Pathogenesis as a New Strategy against Cancer (2014)

Tumour mutations corrupt cellular pathways, and accumulate to disrupt, dysregulate, and ultimately avoid mechanisms of cellular control. Yet the very changes that tumour cells undergo to secure their own growth success also render them susceptible to viral infection. Enhanced availability of surface receptors, disruption of antiviral sensing, elevated metabolic activity, disengagement of cell cycle controls, hyperactivation of mitogenic pathways, and apoptotic avoidance all render the malignant cell environment highly supportive to viral replication. The therapeutic use of oncolytic viruses (OVs) with a natural tropism for infecting and subsequently lysing tumour cells is a rapidly progressing area of cancer research. While many OVs exhibit an inherent degree of tropism for transformed cells, this can be further promoted through pharmacological interventions and/or the introduction of viral mutations that generate recombinant oncolytic viruses adapted to successfully replicate only in a malignant cellular environment. Such adaptations that augment OV tumour selectivity are already improving the therapeutic outlook for cancer, and there remains tremendous untapped potential for further innovation.
Multifunctional and reconfigurable 10-GHz operation of an optical injection-locked VCSEL (2009)

Using a single chirp-adjustable injection-locked 1.55-µm multi-mode VCSEL followed by a tunable interferometer, we experimentally demonstrate three reconfigurable 10 GHz functions, showing UWB generation, NRZ-to-PRZ format conversion, and clock recovery.
Abstract 5387: Prostate-targeted radiosensitization via aptamer-shRNA chimeras (2011)

Abstract Dose-escalated radiation therapy for localized prostate cancer (PCa) has a clear therapeutic benefit; however, escalated doses may also increase injury to non-cancerous tissues. Radiation-sensitizing agents can improve ionizing radiation (IR) potency, but without targeted delivery these agents will also sensitize surrounding normal tissues. Here we describe the development and application of prostate-targeted RNA interference agents which selectively sensitize PSMA-positive cells to IR. A high throughput siRNA screen identified DNA-PK, MAD2L2, BRCA2, NBN, RAD23B, and RAD54L as candidate DNA-repair pathway targets for prostate cancer radio-sensitization. When candidate shRNAs were conjugated to the PSMA-targeting RNA aptamer, A10-3, they were selectively delivered into PSMA positive prostate cancer cells in the absence of traditional transfection reagents. The shRNA portion was then processed by dicer to the corresponding siRNA. DNA-PK shRNAs, delivered by PSMA-targeting RNA aptamers, selectively reduced DNA-PK in PCa cells, xenografts and human prostate tissues. The mechanism of DNA-PK knock-down was confirmed to be through RNA interference by 5’-RACE assay. In tumor injection models A10-3-DNA-PK-shRNAs, combined with IR, dramatically and specifically enhanced PSMA-positive tumor response to IR. This treatment extended time to reach quadruple tumor volume by approximately 10 weeks when compared to only one week in tumors treated with radiation and control aptamer-shRNAs. A10-3-DNA-PK-shRNA and radiation had no affect on the PSMA negative PC-3 tumors. These studies support aptamer-shRNAs as selective sensitizing agents which may improve the treatment of high-risk localized PCa. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5387. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5387
Global Transcriptional Programs Reveal a Carbon Source Foraging Strategy by Escherichia coli (2005)

By exploring global gene expression of Escherichia coli growing on six different carbon sources, we discovered a striking genome transcription pattern: as carbon substrate quality declines, cells systematically increase the number of genes expressed. Gene induction occurs in a hierarchical manner and includes many factors for uptake and metabolism of better but currently unavailable carbon sources. Concomitantly, cells also increase their motility. Thus, as the growth potential of the environment decreases, cells appear to devote progressively more energy on the mere possibility of improving conditions. This adaptation is not what would be predicated by classic regulatory models alone. We also observe an inverse correlation between gene activation and rRNA synthesis suggesting that reapportioning RNA polymerase (RNAP) contributes to the expanded genome activation. Significant differences in RNAP distribution in vivo, monitored using an RNAP-green fluorescent protein fusion, from energy-rich and energy-poor carbon source cultures support this hypothesis. Together, these findings represent the integration of both substrate-specific and global regulatory systems, and may be a bacterial approximation to metazoan risk-prone foraging behavior.
Synthesis of 1,3- and 2,3-Diglycosylated Indoles as Potential Trisaccharide Mimetics (2012)

Diglycosylated heteroaromatics may serve as metabolically stable mimetics of trisaccharides. Herein, the preparation of several 1,3- and 2,3-diglycosylindoles by direct C-glycosylation of monoglycosylated precursors is described.
β‐substitution of simple pyrroles in metal‐assisted reactions with kthyl diazoacetate (1977)

Abstract The reaction of N ‐methylpyrrole with ethyl diazoaeelate, assisted by copper bronze or copper powder, as described previously by a number of researchers, produces not only ethyl N ‐melhylpyrrole‐2‐acetate ( 3 ), but also heretofore unrecognized ethyl N ‐melhylpyrrole‐3‐acetate ( 4 ); the ratio of 3/4 was ca. 84/16. Promotion of this reaction with other transition metal catalysts furnished differing proportions of 3 and 4 , indicating that the metal is intimately involved in the substitution process. Certain agents, notably cupric fluoborate, cupric trifluoromelhylsullonate, palladous acetate, and (π‐ C 3 H 5 PdCI ) 2 , were particularly active in this reaction and gave β‐substi‐lulion to the extent of ca. 35‐45%. Other pyrrole compounds, namely 1,2‐dimethylpyrrole, 1,3‐dimethylpyrrole, 3 , and pyrrole, were also found (in preliminary work) to undergo β‐substi‐tution in their reaction with copper carbenoids.
Attenuation of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction by muscle LIM protein-calcineurin signaling at the sarcomeric Z-disc (2005)

Adverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause for heart failure. Molecular modifiers of the remodeling process remain poorly defined. Patients with heart failure after MI have reduced LV expression levels of muscle LIM protein (MLP), a component of the sarcomeric Z-disk that is involved in the integration of stress signals in cardiomyocytes. By using heterozygous MLP mutant (MLP+/-) mice, we explored the role of MLP in post-MI remodeling. LV dimensions and function were similar in sham-operated WT and MLP+/- mice. After MI, however, MLP+/- mice displayed more pronounced LV dilatation and systolic dysfunction and decreased survival compared with WT mice, indicating that reduced MLP levels predispose to adverse LV remodeling. LV dilatation in MLP+/- mice was associated with reduced thickening but enhanced elongation of cardiomyocytes. Activation of the stress-responsive, prohypertrophic calcineurin-nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) signaling pathway was reduced in MLP+/- mice after MI, as shown by a blunted transcriptional activation of NFAT in cardiomyocytes isolated from MLP+/-/NFAT-luciferase reporter gene transgenic mice. Calcineurin was colocalized with MLP at the Z-disk in WT mice but was displaced from the Z-disk in MLP+/- mice, indicating that MLP is essential for calcineurin anchorage to the Z-disk. In vitro assays in cardiomyocytes with down-regulated MLP confirmed that MLP is required for stress-induced calcineurin-NFAT activation. Our study reveals a link between the stress sensor MLP and the calcineurin-NFAT pathway at the sarcomeric Z-disk in cardiomyocytes and indicates that reduced MLP-calcineurin signaling predisposes to adverse remodeling after MI.
Partially resonant active filter using the digital PWM control circuit with the DSP (2002)

The partially resonant active filter, as a pre-regulator, using the digital PWM control circuit with the DSP is proposed to improve the power factor and input current harmonic distortion factor. The steady-state and dynamic characteristics of this active filter are analysed and the relationship among the circuit parameters, variables and performance characteristics such as the pre-regulation of the output voltage, input power factor, input current harmonic distortion, boundaries of stability and so forth are defined. Using the partially resonant active filter, high power efficiency over 91% is obtained and the high frequency switching noise is suppressed. Also, the digital control with the DSP is versatile and consequently, the power factor over 0.99 and total harmonic distortion factor less than 1% are easily realized.
I-V performance characterisation of perovskite solar cells (2018)

Interlaboratory comparisons of I-V performance measurements of perovskite solar cells have highlighted a clear need for\ndevelopment in application of measurement routines to deliver repeatable and comparable results. This work investigates the impact of applied measurement methodologies and conditions on I-V performance. Dependencies on light soaking, temperature effects and I-V\ncurve trace speed are investigated. Furthermore, the problems faced with tracking the maximum power point are detailed. Measurement results on slow responding perovskite solar cells highlight the problems when tracing the I-V curve and show that maximum power point trackers can easily fail to track the real maximum output. Best practice advice is given with the aim to achieve realistic and reproducible characterisation results that are comparable among laboratories.
Young bone marrow transplantation preserves learning and memory in old mice (2019)

Restoration of cognitive function in old mice by transfer of blood or plasma from young mice has been attributed to reduced C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 (CCL11) and β2-microglobulin, which are thought to suppress neurogenesis in the aging brain. However, the specific role of the hematopoietic system in this rejuvenation has not been defined and the importance of neurogenesis in old mice is unclear. Here we report that transplantation of young bone marrow to rejuvenate the hematopoietic system preserved cognitive function in old recipient mice, despite irradiation-induced suppression of neurogenesis, and without reducing β2-microglobulin. Instead, young bone marrow transplantation preserved synaptic connections and reduced microglial activation in the hippocampus. Circulating CCL11 levels were lower in young bone marrow recipients, and CCL11 administration in young mice had the opposite effect, reducing synapses and increasing microglial activation. In conclusion, young blood or bone marrow may represent a future therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative disease.
An evaluation of the signal and noise characteristics of four CCD‐based film digitizers (1998)

Film digitizers are common devices in radiology departments involved with picture archive and communication systems (PACS) and teleradiology. In this paper, we studied the performance of film digitizers based on charge-coupled device detectors (CCD digitizers), and compared this with the performance of a laser digitizer (the de facto standard). Our focus was on the assessment of signal, noise and useful optical density range performance. A function (L* delta D) derived from the Rose model was used to evaluate these parameters in absolute terms, based their predicted ability to detect objects of specific size and optical density difference with respect to background. We studied CCD digitizers from four different vendors and found that none was able to reliably operate up to the maximum density of 3.0 required to digitize plain radiographs, while the laser digitizer was capable of this task. Our analysis also indicated that two of the four CCD digitizers were adequate for digitizing laser-printed cross-sectional images in certain cases. Finally, our analysis indicated that digitization of SMPTE pattern films along with visual assessment of the 5% and 95% contrast patches was not sufficient for determining the utility of film digitizers for clinical tasks. Computation of the L* delta D function provides a useful means of assessing the performance of film digitizers (e.g., for acceptance testing and quality control), and this technique may be adaptable for evaluation of other digital imaging modalities.
Supervised Regularized Canonical Correlation Analysis: integrating histologic and proteomic measurements for predicting biochemical recurrence following prostate surgery (2011)

The classifier performance in the SRCCA space was found to be statistically significantly higher compared to the fused data representations obtained, not only from CCA and RCCA, but also two other statistical techniques called Principal Component Analysis and Partial Least Squares Regression. These results suggest that SRCCA is a computationally efficient and a highly accurate scheme for representing multimodal (histologic and proteomic) data in a metaspace and that it could be used to construct fused biomarkers for predicting disease recurrence and prognosis.
Influence of Oriented Silicon Steel on The Performance of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (2020)

Permanent magnet (PM) synchronous motors have replaced the induction motors in recent years. Development of permanent magnet synchronous motors has gained a lot of importance due to the benefits they can provide. It is important to increase the efficiency and minimize losses in permanent magnet synchronous motors. With the development of the motor technology, motor costs are expected to decrease while efficiency is increased. In this study, a conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor is designed and manufactured with a non-oriented magnetic material. An oriented silicon steel material is then utilized, analyzed and tested. The analysis and test results of the two motors are examined comparatively. As a result of the investigations, it was observed that the motor with oriented steel material have higher torque and power density with respect to the conventional PM motor.
Complementary costimulation of human T-cell subpopulations by cluster of differentiation 28 (CD28) and CD81 (2012)

Cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81) is a widely expressed tetraspanin molecule that physically associates with CD4 and CD8 on the surface of human T cells. Coengagement of CD81 and CD3 results in the activation and proliferation of T cells. CD81 also costimulated mouse T cells that lack CD28, suggesting either a redundant or a different mechanism of action. Here we show that CD81 and CD28 have a preference for different subsets of T cells: Primary human naïve T cells are better costimulated by CD81, whereas the memory T-cell subsets and Tregs are better costimulated by CD28. The more efficient activation of naïve T cells by CD81 was due to prolonged signal transduction compared with that by CD28. We found that IL-6 played a role in the activation of the naïve T-cell subset by CD81. Combined costimulation through both CD28 and CD81 resulted in an additive effect on T-cell activation. Thus, these two costimulatory molecules complement each other both in the strength of signal transduction and in T-cell subset inclusions. Costimulation via CD81 might be useful for expansion of T cells for adoptive immunotherapy to allow the inclusion of naïve T cells with their broad repertoire.
From design to microreactors (1996)

Physical Characterization of Liposomes for Understanding Structure-Function Relationships in Biological Membranes, D. Marsh The Suitability of Liposomes as Models for Studying Lipid Phase Transitions and Lipid Organization and Dynamics in Biological Membranes, R.N. McElhaney Consequences of Phase Separations in Membranes, W.L.C. Vaz What Do Probe Molecules Monitor in Lipid Bilayers?, U.A. van der Heide, H. Eviatar, and Y.K. Levine Characterization of Liposomes and Vesicles by 31P-NMR, P.L. Yeagle LIPIDAT: A Database of Lipid Phase Transition Temperatures, Enthalpy Changes, and Associated Information, M. Caffrey, R. Koynova, J. Hogan, and D. Moynihan Liposomes and Membrane Stability, R.M. Epand and I. Polozov Membrane Systems as Models for Studying Permeabilization Exemplified by Polyene Antibiotics, C. Salerno, C. Crif'o, and E. Capuozzo Liposomes as a Tool to Study Blood Coagulation, B.R. Lentz Use of Liposomes for Administering Fluorescent Lipids and Studying Their Metabolism in Normal and Lipidotic Cells, S. Gatt, T. Dinur, S. Cerbu-Karabat, A. Dagan, and V. Agmon Vesicles in Biological Systems and the Origin of Life-A Foreword to Section Two, Y. Barenholz and D. Lasic Specifically Designed Lipid Assemblies as Tools for Two-Dimensional Crystallization of Soluble Biological Macromolecules, L. Lebeau, P. Schultz, H. Celia, P. Mesini, S. Nuss, C. Klinger, S. Olland, P. Oudet, and C. Mioskowski Supermolecular Assembly of Peptide Molecules in Liposomes, Y. Imanishi and S. Kimura Liposomes as a Model for Solubilization and Reconstitution of Membranes, D. Lichtenberg Liposomes in Reconstitution of Ion-Pumps, F. Cornelius and J.V. Moller Liposomes in Reconstitution of Proton-Motive Proteins, S. Papa, M. Lorusso, N. Capitanio, and F. Zanotti Reconstitution of Gap Junction Channels: Liposomes as Tools to Assay the Activity of Channel-Forming Proteins, J.A. Diez and A. Villalobo Kinetic, Thermodynamic, and Spectroscopic Studies of the Interactions between Redox Proteins and Lipid Bilayers, G. Tollin, Z. Salamon, and G. Cheddar Transbilayer Transport Induced by Transmembrane pH Gradients in Liposomes: Implications for Biological Systems, M.J. Parr and P.R. Cullis Liposome Models of Primitive Membrane Structures, D.W. Deamer and A.C. Chakrabarti Self-Reproducing Liposomes and Chemicals Autopoiesis, P.L. Luigi and P. Walde Lipid Vesicles as Model Systems for Archaea Membranes, A. Gliozzi and A. Relini Liposomes in Biomineralization, E.D. Eanes Liposome Interaction with Hydroxyapatite May Explain Calcification in Biological Systems, S. Sarig Index