gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Relative Weight (Wr) Index, with New Applications to Walleye (1990)

Relative weight (Wr) is 100 × W/Ws, W being the weight of an individual fish and W the “standard” weight of a fish of the same length. The widespread application of relative weight in fisheries management has been hindered by the slow development of standard weights at length for many important fish species. We found the conventional approach to Ws development to be limited by data availability and improperly influenced by sample weighting. We designed and tested a method of Ws development that addresses these shortcomings. Our method treats log10weight-log10length regression equations for a series of a species' populations as the statistical population to be modeled. First, we predict mean fish weight in 1-cm total length intervals for each population. Then we find the 75th percentile of the mean weights in each interval, and regress these on length to determine the parameters for the Ws equation. Standard-weight equations determined by our regression-line-percentile (RLP) technique were functionally equivalent to published equations for several species tested. We then used the RLP technique to develop Ws equations for walleye Stizostedion vitreum based on 114 site-specific weight-length regressions for 42,487 fish from across North America. The metric equation is log10 Ws (g) = −5.453 + 3.180 log10total length (mm). The English-unit equation is log10 Ws (lb) = −3.642 + 3.180 log10total length (in). There was no important influence of fish length on Wr values calculated with these equations. Neither proportional nor relative stock densities of walleyes were correlated meaningfully with Wr. Confidence interval width for mean Wr in walleye populations is directly predictable from sample size because sample variance is independent of sample size. “Desirable” mean Wr target values (100 ± 5) were achieved by approximately one quarter of the lakes in our sample. The RLP technique appears to be a viable approach to the development of Ws relationships that should speed and improve the application of Wr theory to important fish species.
Abstract 5091: Potent anti-tumor activity of blocking stromal Dll4 in ovarian xenograft models. (2013)

Abstract Potent anti-tumor activity of blocking stromal Dll4 in ovarian xenograft models Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) is an emerging anticancer target given its predominant tumor vasculature expression and its role in regulating angiogenic sprouting. We have previously demonstrated that pharmacological blockade of the Dll4-Notch axis results in an excessive production of aberrant non-functional tumor vessels, and these changes were associated with reduced tumor growth. Using VelocImmune® mice, we identified a fully human IgG1 monoclonal antibody, termed REGN421/SAR153192, which binds human Dll4 and potently neutralizes Notch signaling. REGN421 treatment caused potent and dose-dependent inhibition of a number of human tumor xenografts grown in immunodeficient mice engineered to express human Dll4. In the current study, we found that REGN421 treatment of ovarian xenograft models produces potent anti-tumor effects that are dependent on targeting Dll4 in the tumor stroma as opposed to tumor cell-expressed Dll4. In particular, REGN421 treatment (2.5 mg/kg, once weekly) of humanized Dll4 mice bearing established subcutaneous TOV-112D or intraperitoneal A2780 human tumor xenografts resulted in growth inhibition of 86% and 83%, respectively. The inhibition of ovarian tumor growth by REGN421 was associated with a marked increase in tumor vascular structures but reduced vascular perfusion, consistent with the function of Dll4 as a regulator of angiogenic sprouting. Similar anti-tumor effects were observed by strictly targeting stromal Dll4 with a mouse Dll4-specific surrogate antibody REGN1035 in SCID mice bearing OVCAR3 tumors. In contrast, the specific blockade of tumor cell-expressed human Dll4 did not exhibit any appreciable anti-tumor activity, indicating the lack of tumor growth-promoting autocrine Dll4-Notch tumor cell signaling in these models. Finally, the combined treatment of Dll4 antibody with the anti-VEGF agent ziv-aflibercept (VEGF Trap) resulted in enhanced anti-tumor effects and virtually the complete suppression of intraperitoneal A2780 tumor growth, suggesting clinical benefit for the combined blockade of VEGF and Dll4 in ovarian cancer. These studies lend further support for the therapeutic targeting of Dll4 as a promising new angiogenesis-based anticancer strategy in ovarian cancer, both as a single agent and in combination with anti-VEGF agents. Citation Format: Frank Kuhnert, Guoying Chen, Gavin Thurston. Potent anti-tumor activity of blocking stromal Dll4 in ovarian xenograft models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5091. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-5091
A New Condensation Reaction for the Synthesis of Carboxylic Esters from Nearly Equimolar Amounts of Carboxylic Acids and Alcohols Using 2-Methyl-6-nitrobenzoic Anhydride (2002)

Abstract Various carboxylic esters were obtained in excellent yields with high chemoselectivities from nearly equimolar amounts of carboxylic acids and alcohols using 2-methyl-6-nitrobenzoic anhydride with triethylamine in the presence of a catalytic amount of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine.
Capacity efficient distributed routing of mesh-restored lightpaths in optical networks (2002)

A mesh-restored lightpath in an optical network has a primary route and a diversely routed backup route. The wavelength channels on the primary route of a mesh-restored lightpath are dedicated for that lightpath whereas the wavelength channels on the backup route are shared among different mesh-restored lightpaths. Wavelength channels are shared in a way that ensures restoration of all lightpaths affected by any single link failure. In the centralized scenario, complete knowledge of the network state allows determination of the sharability of a backup channel during path computation. This information is not available in the distributed scenario. Use of 1+1 routing algorithms for mesh-restored lightpaths leads to inefficient capacity sharing. We propose distributed routing techniques to decrease the capacity efficiency gap between centralized routing and 1+1 routing of mesh-restored lightpaths. The algorithm uses information about the number of available and (shared) backup channels in a link, which can be disseminated through traffic engineering extensions to OSPF. A sharing database at each OXC maintains information about the lightpaths whose primary or backup paths traverse that OXC. The approach involves distributed determination of the sharability of a link on the backup path during path signaling using the sharing database at each OXC on the backup path. This, combined with a retry scheme facilitated by crankback routing extensions to CR-LDP/RSVP-TE to reduce lightpath blocking, leads to capacity efficient distributed routing of mesh-restored lightpaths.
Tunable fiber laser concepts in the 2µm spectral range for tunable dual wavelength emission (2020)

Fiber lasers are a great source for tunable lasers due to the wide and relatively flat gain spectra of rare earth transitions in a glassy host (as compared to crystals). Thulium (Tm)-doped fibers, in particular, offer an extremely wide tunability of up to 330 nm in the 2μm wavelength region in a dual gain module configuration<sup>1</sup>. More recently, new concepts have emerged, which allow the synchronized emission of two or even more wavelengths<sup>2</sup>. These sources are particularly useful for nonlinear frequency conversion via four-wave mixing (FWM) or difference frequency generation (DFG). We will present a very versatile fiber-integrated approach based on Fiber-Bragg-Grating (FBG) arrays implemented in a theta-shaped cavity. The Tm-doped fiber source emits typical average powers of 0.5W and is tunable from 1931nm to 2040nm. The emission linewidth follows the spectral characteristic of the FBG and is typically 30GHz in our case. This concept allows a constant wavelength-independent repetition rate as well as a synchronous emission of two or even three independently tunable wavelengths. The tuning is performed purely electronically by optical gating, and in addition the pulse duration can be tuned between 4ns and 25ns. The switching speed is very fast and was measured to be less than 10μs. These experiments will be contrasted with a different approach based on a VLMA fiber associated to a set of two volume Bragg gratings (VBG), one of them being angle-tunable. This concept allows pulsed (Q-switched) as well as CW operation and features a continuous and wider tunability of up to 144nm especially and also the dual wavelength mode. The output power was &gt; 4.5W in CW mode and pulse peak power of 12kW have been obtained in the Q-switched mode with pulse durations of 25ns.
POVM Design for Quantum State Discrimination (2021)

A qubit pure state can be specified by a point on the Bloch sphere, and similarly certain quantum measurements can be specified by M points on a sphere which we refer to as an Etro sphere. A key objective of this paper is to compare the performance for discriminating between two qubit pure states using POVM designs based on the distribution of M points on the Etro sphere. We specifically address the case where the alignment of the M points relative to the coordinates of the sphere is unknown. Of particular interest is the insensitivity of the POVM designs as measured by the difference between the maximum and minimum probabilities of error over all alignments. We consider distributions of the M points corresponding to Platonic solids as well as optimal distributions with respect to several criteria including, for example, maximum nearest neighbor distance and minimum Riesz s-energy. We provide evidence through simulation of various performance tradeoffs such as the tradeoff between stability and best case performance.
Improving the contrast of all-printed electrochromic polymer on paper displays (2009)

PEDOT:PSS-based electrochromic displays have been explored for manufacture on flexible paper substrates in roll-to-roll printing presses at high volumes and low costs. Here, we report the improvement of the optical contrast of such devices by adding an extra layer of a dihexyl-substituted poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT-Hx2) to complement the optical absorption spectrum of PEDOT:PSS. The oxidized state of PProDOT-Hx2 is highly transparent and is an intense magenta color while in the reduced state. By adding a layer of PProDOT-Hx2 directly on top of PEDOT:PSS, we were able to improve the optical contrast by nearly a factor of two. In this report, we present optical and electrochemical data of PProDOT-Hx2/PEDOT:PSS-based electrochromic paper displays and compare their performance with PEDOT:PSS-only equivalents.
Molecular characterization of a large homozygous deletion in the small cell lung cancer cell line U2020: A strategy for cloning the putative tumor suppressor gene (1992)

Homozygous deletions are instrumental in the detection and cloning of tumor suppressor genes. We report the isolation and characterization of 39 new single-copy probes saturating a submicroscopic homozygous deletion detected in the DNA of the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell line U2020. The probes were selected from a large collection, covering the entire length of chromosome 3 with an estimated average spacing of 100-150 kb. Based on the number of probes in the deletion and the probe density, the size of the U2020 submicroscopic deletion was estimated to be in the range of 4-7 megabases. Among the deleted loci, 17 showed conservation across species, probably representing potential coding gene sequences. By genetic and physical mapping of a large randomly chosen fraction of the deleted probes, we defined the location of the U2020 deletion within chromosome band 3p12. Our cloning strategy is based on narrowing the region of interest by eliminating probes that retain heterozygosity in SCLC samples, thus selecting for probes in the region of common loss.
Relationship Between Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing and Myocardial Perfusion (2007)

Retinal arteriolar narrowing is a marker of chronic hypertension. Myocardial perfusion reflects microvascular processes in the heart. The relationship between these 2 measures has not been studied previously and is examined in 212 men and women aged 45 to 84 years and free of cardiovascular disease diagnoses. Retinal caliber was measured through fundus photography and presented as central retinal arteriolar and venular caliber equivalents. Myocardial blood flow was measured using MRI during rest and adenosine-induced hyperemia. Among subjects with no coronary artery calcification (n=98), smaller retinal arteriolar caliber was associated with lower hyperemic myocardial blood flow and perfusion reserve (calculated as the ratio of hyperemic:resting blood flow). Mean hyperemic blood flow (3.43, 3.28, 3.26, and 3.09 mL/min per gram; P(linear)=0.006) and mean perfusion reserve (3.52, 3.37, 3.19, and 3.10; P(linear)=0.01) progressively decreased across decreasing quartiles of retinal arteriolar caliber. These associations remained significant after adjusting for age, gender, and race/ethnicity but were no longer significant after additionally adjusting for other cardiovascular risk factors. In contrast, among subjects with coronary calcification (n=114), retinal arteriolar caliber was not associated with hyperemic myocardial blood flow (P(linear)=0.73) or perfusion reserve (P(linear)=0.79). There were no associations between retinal venular caliber and perfusion measurements. We conclude that narrower retinal arterioles were associated with lower hyperemic myocardial blood flow and perfusion reserve in asymptomatic adults with no coronary calcification, which is partially mediated by traditional cardiovascular risk factors. This finding suggests that retinal arteriolar narrowing may serve as a marker of coronary microvascular disease.
End-to-End Intent-Based Networking (2022)

To reap its full benefits, 5G must evolve into a scalable decentralized architecture by exploiting intelligence ubiquitously and securely across different technologies, network layers, and segments. In this article, we propose end-to-end and ubiquitous secure machine learning (ML)-powered intent-based networking (IBN). The IBN framework is aware of its state and context to autonomously take proactive actions for service assurance. It is integrated in a zero-touch control and orchestration framework featuring an ML function orchestrator to manage ML pipelines. The objective is to create an elastic and dynamic infrastructure supporting per-domain and end-to-end network and services operation. The solution is supported by a radio access network and forwarding plane, and a cloud/edge virtualization infrastructure with ML acceleration. The resulting framework supports application-level resilience and intelligence through replication and elasticity. An illustrative intelligent application use case is presented.
Electrical interconnect design for testing of high-speed IC transceivers (2012)

This paper discusses the requirements and challenges associated with the design of electrical interconnects to support the test and evaluation of high-speed transceivers working up to 40 Gb/s. It will be shown that relatively low cost technologies such as FR-4 boards, push-on connectors, and wire bonding can effectively achieve this goal. A specific platform and its application for testing of a 40-Gb/s VCSEL-based optoelectronic link are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMISTRY OF NUCLEOPHILIC DISPLACEMENT ON TWO PHOSPHORIC MONOESTERS AND A PHOSPHOGUANIDINE: THE ROLE OF METAPHOSPHATE (1984)

Abstract Phenyl‐ und 2,4‐Dinitrophenyl‐ [(R)‐′°O,"O,"′O]phosphat sowie [(R)‐′60,′7O,′8O]Phosphokreatin werden synthetisiert.
Intronic MicroRNA: Creation, Evolution and Regulation (2019)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are short non-coding RNAs that down-regulate gene expression by silencing specific target mRNAs through translational inhibition and/or degradation. Interestingly, a large fraction of miRNAs maps within introns of their “host” genes, generating potentially interesting regulatory circuits, the full significance of which has barely been appreciated. In this review, we offer a comprehensive yet short treatise on the nature, location, evolution, regulation and potential mechanisms of action of the different types of intronically situated miRNAs. It is hoped that the outline presented here will provoke novel thoughts and research in this new and exciting miRNA world.
Benzene Detection by Absorbance in the Range of 20 ppb-100 ppb Application: Quality of Indoor Air (2012)

In the framework of a French Joint program COVADIS, an innovative system is developed for the simultaneous detection of benzene, toluene and xylenes in indoor air. The present work is mainly focused on the benzene detection. The detection is based on absorbance measurements over the 250 nm-300 nm range with a cooled spectrophotometer. The prototype includes an exposure chamber, which contains five sensors. The sensors are nanoporous disks, whose pore sizes are tailored to efficiently entrap the targeted pollutants. 20 ppb of benzene have been successfully detected within 40 minutes of exposure.
Abstract 242: Multi-omics Profiling of Rat Offspring Exposed to Gestational Diabetes Reveals Cardiometabolic Disease Development With Age (2020)

Through unknown mechanisms, fetal exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases the risk for cardiovascular disease development later in life. We hypothesize that fetal exposure to GDM induces alterations in cardiomyocyte metabolism and induces left ventricular (LV) dysfunction with age. GDM was induced in female rats with a high fat (45% kcal) and sucrose diet prior to mating, throughout pregnancy and lactation. Lean control females received a low fat (10% kcal) diet. Fetal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (FRVC) were isolated from e20.5 offspring for U-13C glucose metabolic flux analysis, mitochondrial respiration and calcium handling. The cardiac transcriptome and metabolome were measured in 3-month old offspring. LV morphology and function was assessed in the offspring from e18 to 12-months of age by transthoracic ultrasound. Offspring exposed to GDM exhibited increased LV posterior wall thickness across their life course (fetal to 12-months of age; p&lt;0.05) and impaired LV filling beginning at 6-months of age (p&lt;0.05). Consistent with the development of diastolic dysfunction in vivo, alterations in calcium flux and sarcoplasmic reticulum-dependent calcium re-uptake (1.5-fold and 1.6-fold greater, respectively) were observed in FRVC isolated from GDM offspring (p&lt;0.05). When FRVC were treated with isoproterenol, U-13C glucose metabolic flux through glycolysis and the citric acid cycle was reduced in GDM offspring, compared to Lean controls. In 3-month old offspring serum metabolomics revealed reduced citric acid cycle intermediates and an altered acylcarnitine profile. These metabolic changes corresponded to alterations in gene expression patterns identified by RNASeq associated with glucose metabolism and fatty acid transport pathways (e.g. Irs2, Slc2a4, Pfkfb2, Pdk4 and Cpt1a) . Large-scale profiling revealed GDM induced alterations in the cardiac gene expression profile leading to modified serum metabolite levels in the offspring. These alterations corresponded with mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired cardiomyocyte metabolic flux and contractility, in concert with LV hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the rat offspring. Our findings identify several mechanisms that link early-life GDM exposure to the development of cardiovascular disease later in life.
Monitoring Variance Components (1994)

This article discusses methods for monitoring a process in which the variance of the measurements is attributed to several known sources of variability. For example, in the case of integrated circuit fabrication one is typically interested in monitoring the process mean as well as the lot-to-lot, wafer-to-wafer-within-lot, and within-wafer components of variability. The article discusses the problem of monitoring the process level and variability by using the cumulative sum technique. Some aspects of the implementation of this methodology are also considered, and examples are given.
Superresolution reconstruction of a video captured by a translational vibrated staggered TDI camera (2004)

Time-delay and integration (TDI) scanning imaging technique is used in various applications such as military reconnaissance and industrial product inspection. Its high sensitivity is significant in low light-level imaging and in thermal imaging. Due to physical constraints the TDI sensor elements may have a staggered structure, in which the odd and the even sensors are horizontally separated. The electrical cooling system of the detectors, as well as the camera platform, vibrates the system and causes image distortions such as space variant comb effects and motion blur. These vibrations are utilized here in means of superresolution in order to create an improved high resolution sequence from lower resolution sequence in two main stages: inter-frame space-variant motion estimation followed by an efficient implementation of the projection onto convex sets (POCS) restoration method. This work generalizes an algorithm for restoration of a single staggered TDI image preformed previously. The additional information included in an image sequence allows more efficient restoration process, and better restoration results. The lack of any assumption about the correlation between the vibrations of the odd and even sensors enables also an implementation to TDI cameras that don't contain the staggering structure. Experimental results with real degraded thermal video are provided.
Differentiation between virulent and avirulent Yersinia enterocolitica isolates by using Congo red agar (1983)

Cultivation of clinical isolates of Yersinia enterocolitica of diverse geographical origin on a medium containing 5 micrograms of Congo red per ml disclosed two colony types. These were designated CR+ and CR- according to their ability to bind Congo red. CR+ strains bore plasmids of between 40 and 50 megadaltons and were positive in several tests of Y. enterocolitica virulence, including autoagglutination, reduced growth on magnesium oxalate agar, resistance to the bactericidal effect of serum, and lethality for iron-overloaded mice. CR- strains were plasmidless and were negative in all these assays. The Congo red reaction provides a simple and efficient means of screening Y. enterocolitica for virulence and is the best available method for identifying individual plasmid-bearing colonies.
Molecular Design Tactics for Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2018)

Recently, pure organic thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have attracted considerable interest from the scientific community in the field of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) as they can theoretically realize 100 % of the internal quantum efficiency by exploiting both the singlet and triplet excitons via the reverse intersystem crossing enabled by small singlet-triplet energy splitting. Currently, the external quantum efficiency of the TADF emitters is reaching the level of phosphorescent emitters. Therefore, the TADF approach is considered as a potential alternative to the low efficiency conventional fluorescent and expensive phosphorescent emitters. In this account, we summarized our recent development of blue and green TADF molecular designs to improve the device performances of the TADF devices.