gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Polyaniline Modified Electrode for the Electroanalysis of Heme Proteins (1999)

ABSTRACT Polyaniline, which was electroactive in pH5.5 NaAc-HAc buffers, was used to investigate the electrochemistry of some heme proteins. The polyaniline was electropolymerized and deposited on a macro- and a micro- platinum electrode successfully. The optimum preparation method and conditions were that the polymer film was polymerized by a galvanostatic method with 35 μA/cm2 current density in a 2.0 mol/L HCl solution containing 1.0 mol/L monomer under nitrogen atmosphere. The deposit amount was about 7.0 mC/cm2 for the macro- and 8.5 mC/cm2 for the micro- electrode. Experimental results revealed that the commonly used heme proteins, myoglobin and hemoglobin, could exhibit useful current responses at the polymer coated electrode. Since polyaniline modified electrode have a lot of virtues such as stability, good longevity, reversibility, conductivity etc., they may be useful for protein studies in the future. Another application of the polymer is, therefore, reported in this paper.
Multi-kilohertz repetition rate Ti:sapphire amplifier based on down-chirped pulse amplification (2006)

We present a novel ultrafast multipass laser amplifier design optimized for sub-millijoule output energy and capable of being operated at repetition rates exceeding 40 kHz. This ti:sapphire based system makes use of a grism based stretcher, a cryogenically cooled ti:sapphire crystal and an astigmatically compensated multipass amplifier design that allows for pumping with significantly lower pump pulse energies than has been demonstrated to date. We also make use of the downchirped pulse amplification scheme to minimize loss in the pulse compression process. Preliminary experiments demonstrate an output pulse energy of 290 muJ at 10 kHz and 270 muJ at 15 kHz with a pulse duration of 36 fs.
Recurrent Model-Free RL is a Strong Baseline for Many POMDPs (2021)

Many problems in RL, such as meta RL, robust RL, and generalization in RL,
can be cast as POMDPs. In theory, simply augmenting model-free RL with memory,
such as recurrent neural networks, provides a general approach to solving all
types of POMDPs. However, prior work has found that such recurrent model-free
RL methods tend to perform worse than more specialized algorithms that are
designed for specific types of POMDPs. This paper revisits this claim. We find
that careful architecture and hyperparameter decisions yield a recurrent
model-free implementation that performs on par with (and occasionally
substantially better than) more sophisticated recent techniques in their
respective domains. We also release a simple and efficient implementation of
recurrent model-free RL for future work to use as a baseline for POMDPs. Code
is available at https://github.com/twni2016/pomdp-baselines
Cross-Linked Functionalized Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Nanofibers with Tunable Excitonic Coupling (2013)

We show that mechanically and chemically robust functionalized poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers can be made via chemical cross-linking. Dramatically different photophysical properties are observed depending on the choice of functionalizing moiety and cross-linking strategy. Starting with two different nanofiber families formed from (a) P3HT-b-P3MT or (b) P3HT-b-P3ST diblock copolymers, cross-linking to form robust nanowire structures was readily achieved by either a third-party cross-linking agent (hexamethylene diisocyanate, HDI) which links methoxy side chains on the P3MT system, or direct disulfide cross-link for the P3ST system. Although the nanofiber families have similar gross structure (and almost identical pre-cross-linked absorption spectra), they have completely different photophysics as signaled by ensemble and single nanofiber wavelength- and time-resolved photoluminescence as well as transient absorption (visible and near-IR) probes. For the P3ST diblock nanofibers, excitonic coupling appears to be essentially unchanged before and after cross-linking. In contrast, cross-linked P3MT nanofibers show photoluminescence similar in electronic origin, vibronic structure, and lifetime to unaggregated P3HT molecules, e.g., dissolved in an inert polymer matrix, suggesting almost complete extinction of excitonic coupling. We hypothesize that the different photophysical properties can be understood from structural perturbations resulting from the cross-linking: For the P3MT system, the DIC linker induces a high degree of strain on the P3HT aggregate block, thus disrupting both intra- and interchain coupling. For the P3ST system, the spatial extent of the cross-linking is approximately commensurate with the interlamellar spacing, resulting in a minimally perturbed aggregate structure.
Investigation of the phototoxic effect of ZnO nanorods on fibroblasts and melanoma human cells (2014)

Photocytotoxic effects of as-grown and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods coated with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) have been studied on human cells, i.e. melanoma and foreskin fibroblast, under dark and ultraviolet light exposures. Zinc oxide nanorods have been grown on the very sharp tip (diameter = 700 nm) of borosilicate glass pipettes and then were coated by the photosensitizer for targeted investigations inside human cells. The coated glass pipette's tip with photosensitizer has been inserted inside the cells with the help of a micro-manipulator and irradiated through ultraviolet light (UVA), which reduces the membrane potential of the mitochondria leading to cell death. Cell viability loss has been detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay when exposed to the dissolved ZnO nanorods and the production of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been detected along with the enhanced cytotoxic effect under UVA irradiation. Additionally, the influence of the lipid soluble antioxidant vitamin E and water-soluble N-acetyl-cysteine toward the enhancement or reduction of the toxicity has been investigated. A comparative analysis of the toxic nature of ZnO nanorods has been drawn between normal human fibroblast and melanoma cells, which can be favorable for understanding the clinical setting for killing tumor cells.
The Scalable Video Coding Extension of the H.264/AVC Standard [Standards in a Nutshell] (2008)

The current article focuses on the scalable video coding (SVC) extension in terms of technology, performance, and targeted application scenarios.
Tailoring router architectures to performance requirements in cut-through networks (1996)

Message-passing parallel machines have emerged as a cost-effective platform for exploiting concurrency in a variety of applications. These multicomputer systems employ a wide range of policies for routing, switching, arbitration, queueing, and flow control, implemented in the router hardware that connects an individual processing node to the interconnection fabric and manages traffic flowing through the node en route to other destinations. To address the requirements of emerging applications, we develop new techniques for designing and evaluating new router architectures that tailor network policies to application characteristics. These results facilitate the development of effective support for communication in real-time systems and local area networks, as well as more traditional multicomputer domains like high-speed scientific computing. Most modern routers employ cut-through switching schemes, such as virtual cut-through and wormhole switching, that permit an arriving packet to proceed directly to an idle outgoing link. We develop analytical models for evaluating cut-through routing algorithms with different degrees of adaptivity. The analytical results permit an efficient evaluation of large networks, while detailed comparisons with simulation results characterize the subtle effects of the simplifying assumptions in the analysis; in particular, cut-through networks introduce unique dependencies between adjacent nodes. Additional simulation experiments show that the network topologies, routing algorithms, and traffic patterns in modern multicomputers exacerbate these effects. Based on these results, we present a routing algorithm that capitalizes on inter-node dependencies to improve network performance.
Hypoxia/reoxygenation: A dynamic regulator of lysyl oxidase‐facilitated breast cancer migration (2007)

Fluctuating oxygen levels characterize the microenvironment of many cancers and tumor hypoxia is associated with increased invasion and metastatic potential concomitant with a poor prognosis. Similarly, the expression of lysyl oxidase (LOX) in breast cancer facilitates tumor cell migration and is associated with estrogen receptor negative status and reduced patient survival. Here we demonstrate that hypoxia/reoxygenation drives poorly invasive breast cancer cells toward a more aggressive phenotype by up-regulating LOX expression and catalytic activity. Specifically, hypoxia markedly increased LOX protein expression; however, catalytic activity (beta-aminopropionitrile inhibitable hydrogen peroxide production) was significantly reduced under hypoxic conditions. Moreover, poorly invasive breast cancer cells displayed a marked increase in LOX-dependent FAK/Src activation and cell migration following hypoxia/reoxygenation, but not in response to hypoxia alone. Furthermore, LOX expression is only partially dependent on hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1alpha) in poorly invasive breast cancer cells, as hypoxia mimetics and overexpression of HIF-1alpha could not up-regulate LOX expression to the levels observed under hypoxia. Clinically, LOX expression positively correlates with tumor progression and co-localization with hypoxic regions (defined by HIF-1alpha expression) in ductal carcinoma in situ and invasive ductal carcinoma primary tumors. However, positive correlation is lost in metastatic tumors, suggesting that LOX expression is independent of a hypoxic environment at later stages of tumor progression. This work demonstrates that both hypoxia and reoxygenation are necessary for LOX catalytic activity which facilitates breast cancer cell migration through a hydrogen peroxide-mediated mechanism; thereby illuminating a potentially novel mechanism by which poorly invasive cancer cells can obtain metastatic competency.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Cancer-Associated Adipose Tissue Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Paracrine Oncostatin M and Jak/STAT3 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Upper left panel: Image representing a protein array of 507 proteins used for detection of soluble factors present in a mixture of CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt; from two patients. Each protein is spotted in duplicate. The boxes show the positive controls. The brackets indicate adiponectin (1) confirming the adipose nature of CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt;, GCSF (2), IL-6 (3), IL-8 (4), leptin (5), LIF (6), OSM (7). Upper right panels: western blot analysis of Y705 pSTAT3 of MCF-7 cells treated for 48h with control medium; neutralizing antibodies against hIL-6, hLIF and hIL-8 (1 µg/ml); rhIL-6, rhLIF and rhIL-8 (10 ng/ml); combination of the recombinant protein with the neutralizing antibody (same concentrations); western blot analysis of MCF-7 cells treated for 48h with CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt; and neutralizing antibodies against hIL-6, hLIF and hIL-8 at indicated concentrations. Lower panel: Phase-contrast images of MCF-7 cells treated or 48h with control medium, rhIL-6, rhLIF and rhIL-8 at indicated concentrations, CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt; and CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt; combined with neutralizing antibodies against hIL-6, hLIF and hIL-8 at indicated concentrations (Scale bar is 100 µm).&lt;/p&gt;
S-MIM: A novel radio interface for efficient messaging services over satellite (2012)

This paper presents a radio interface recently standardised by ETSI under the name of S-MIM (S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia) and especially designed to provide messaging services over GEO satellites using low-power terminals.
Effects of a new lumbosacral distraction-stabilization device on lumbosacral kinematics in the dog. (2018)

Objective: To determine the biomechanical behaviour of a novel distraction-stabilization system, consisting of an intervertebral distraction bolt, polyaxial screws and connecting rods, in the canine lumbosacral spine. Study design: Biomechanical study. Sample population: Cadaveric canine lumbosacral spines (L4-Cd3) (N=8) Methods: Cadaveric lumbosacral spines were harvested, stripped of musculature, mounted on a 4-point bending jig, and tested in extension, flexion and lateral bending using non-destructive compressive axial loads (0-150N). Angular displacement was recorded from reflective optical trackers rigidly secured to L6, L7 and S1. Data for primary and coupled motion were collected from intact spines; after destabilization at L7-S1, and following surgical stabilisation with the new implant system. Results: As compared with the intact spine, laminectomy resulted in a modest increase in angular displacement at L6-L7 and a marked increase at L7-S1. Instrumentation significantly reduced motion at the operated level (L7-S1) with a concomitant increase at the adjacent level (L6-L7). Conclusion: The combination of a polyaxial pedicle screw-rod system and intervertebral spacer provides a versatile solution of surgical stabilisation of the lumbosacral joint following surgical decompression in the canine lumbosacral spine. The increase in motion at L6-L7 may suggest the potential for adjacent level effects and clinical trials should be designed to address this question. Clinical relevance: These results support the feasibility of using this new implant system for the management of degenerative lumbosacral disease in dogs. The increase in motion at L6-L7 may suggest the potential for adjacent level effects and clinical trials should be designed to address this question.
Development of Autoimmunity against Transcriptionally Unrepressed Target Antigen in the Thymus of Aire-Deficient Mice (2005)

Autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene mutation is responsible for the development of organ-specific autoimmune disease with monogenic autosomal recessive inheritance. Although Aire has been considered to regulate the elimination of autoreactive T cells through transcriptional control of tissue-specific Ags in thymic epithelial cells, other mechanisms of AIRE-dependent tolerance remain to be investigated. We have established Aire-deficient mice and examined the mechanisms underlying the breakdown of self-tolerance. The production and/or function of immunoregulatory T cells were retained in the Aire-deficient mice. The mice developed Sjogren's syndrome-like pathologic changes in the exocrine organs, and this was associated with autoimmunity against a ubiquitous protein, alpha-fodrin. Remarkably, transcriptional expression of alpha-fodrin was retained in the Aire-deficient thymus. These results suggest that Aire regulates the survival of autoreactive T cells beyond transcriptional control of self-protein expression in the thymus, at least against this ubiquitous protein. Rather, Aire may regulate the processing and/or presentation of self-proteins so that the maturing T cells can recognize the self-Ags in a form capable of efficiently triggering autoreactive T cells. With the use of inbred Aire-deficient mouse strains, we also demonstrate the presence of some additional factor(s) that determine the target-organ specificity of the autoimmune disease caused by Aire deficiency.
Efficacy and safety of yttrium-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan in patients with relapsed or refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma not appropriate for autologous stem-cell transplantation (2007)

A prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized phase 2 trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single dose of yttrium-90 ((90)Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan in elderly patients in first relapsed or primary refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) ineligible for stem-cell transplantation. Patients had been previously treated with chemotherapy (group A, n = 76) or chemotherapy plus rituximab (group B, n = 28). Patients in group A were further divided into patients in whom induction therapy had failed (stratum AI, n = 33) and patients who had relapsed after achieving complete response (CR; stratum AII, n = 43). The overall response rate (ORR) was 52% and 53% in strata AI and AII, respectively, and 19% in group B, with CR/CRu rates of 24%, 39.5%, and 12%, respectively. Median progression-free survival was 5.9 months and 3.5 months in strata AI and AII, respectively, and 1.6 months in group B. Median overall survival was 21.4, 22.4, and 4.6 months in stratum AI, stratum AII, and group B, respectively. Two patients died from thrombocytopenic cerebral bleeding following administration of therapy. Nonhematologic adverse events were mild to moderate. (90)Y-ibritumomab is active in patients with relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its further evaluation in phase 3 studies is ongoing.
Innervation Zone of Orbicularis Oculi Muscle and Implications for Botulinum A Toxin Therapy (1991)

Motor points (areas of maximal sensitivity to electrical stimulation) were found in constant locations over orbicularis oculi when measured in both eyes of six normal subjects. All subjects had a motor point at the lateral terminus of the upper lid crease and the medial extent of the lower lid crease. A study of the innervation zone [distribution of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ)] was conducted on strips of pretarsal and preseptal portions of the upper eyelid orbicularis that had been removed routinely during involutional ptosis surgery. There was no significant difference in NMJ concentration between the medial and lateral sections, as determined by cholinesterase staining. Therefore, we concluded that the innervation zone is diffuse for the orbicularis muscle within this portion of the upper eyelid. Single-point injections of botulinum toxin were then compared to the conventional multiple injection sites on separate eyes in 10 patients with benign essential blepharospasm. Eight of the 10 patients reported greater relief on the side given injections into multiple points; the other two patients experienced no difference between the two methods. Both histologic data and clinical observation of response to botulinum toxin injection suggest the innervation zone for the upper orbicularis is diffuse. Thus, we conclude that multiple injections are superior to the injection of a single motor point.
ChemInform Abstract: Generation of Glycinyl Radicals via a 1,5‐Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reaction. Applications to γ‐Lactam Formation. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Conductivity mapping at 0.55 T with balanced steady state free precession (2023)

Conductivity mapping depends sensitively on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the transmit phase estimation. It is thus questionable, whether conductivity mapping can be performed at low field. Due to reduced off-resonances, however, a possible solution for the reduced SNR might be offered by balanced steady state free precession (bSSFP). Brain conductivity mapping with bSSFP was investigated at 0.55 T and appears to be feasible but besides SNR also the reduced curvature of the transmit field becomes challenging.
Improvement of R2* mapping in Alzheimer’s Disease at 9.4T through reduction of B0 fluctuation-induced image artifacts using Navigator Echoes (2019)

Ultra-High-Field (UHF) MRI provides a potential non-invasive means to investigate Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). R2* map is one of the most established MRI techniques to detect iron concentration in the brain. However, image quality can be substantially affected by B0 fluctuation-related-artifacts at UHF. In this study we showed an improvement of the quality of R2* maps in AD at 9.4T using Navigator Echos approach.
Current and future technology for adaptive optics in the human eye (2004)

Recent years has seen remarkable results in high resolution imaging and testing of the human visual system [1-3]. The ability to obtain in vivo images of the human fundus on the cellular level will allow for much earlier diagnosis and treatment of a range of retinal diseases. These advances have been made possible in part through the use of adaptive optics (AO).
Cutting Edge: Human Latency-Associated Peptide+ T Cells: A Novel Regulatory T Cell Subset (2010)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play an important role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Several molecules including TGF-beta have been linked to the function and differentiation of Tregs. In this study, we describe a unique population of T cells expressing a membrane bound form of TGF-beta, the latency-associated peptide (LAP), and having regulatory properties in human peripheral blood. These CD4(+)LAP(+) T cells lack Foxp3 but express TGF-betaR type II and the activation marker CD69. CD4(+)LAP(+) T cells are hypoproliferative compared with CD4(+)LAP(-) T cells, secrete IL-8, IL-9, IL-10, IFN-gamma, and TGF-beta upon activation, and exhibit TGF-beta- and IL-10-dependent suppressive activity in vitro. The in vitro activation of CD4(+)LAP(-) T cells results in the generation of LAP(+) Tregs, which is further amplified by IL-8. In conclusion, we have characterized a novel population of human LAP(+) Tregs that is different from classic CD4(+)Foxp3(+)CD25(high) natural Tregs.
Chromosome heteromorphism quantified by high-resolution bivariate flow karyotyping. (1989)

Maternal and paternal homologues of many chromosome types can be differentiated on the basis of their peak position in Hoechst 33258 versus chromomycin A3 bivariate flow karyotypes. We demonstrate here the magnitude of DNA content differences among normal chromosomes of the same type. Significant peak-position differences between homologues were observed for an average of four chromosome types in each of the karyotypes of 98 different individuals. The frequency of individuals with differences in homologue peak positions varied among chromosome types: e.g., chromosome 15, 61%; chromosome 3, 4%. Flow karyotypes of 33 unrelated individuals were compared to determine the range of peak position among normal chromosomes. Chromosomes Y, 21, 22, 15, 16, 13, 14, and 19 were most heteromorphic, and chromosomes 2-8 and X were least heteromorphic. The largest chromosome 21 was 45% larger than the smallest 21 chromosome observed. The base composition of the variable regions differed among chromosome types. DNA contents of chromosome variants determined from flow karyotypes were closely correlated to measurements of DNA content made of gallocyanin chrome alum-stained metaphase chromosomes on slides. Fluorescence in situ hybridization with chromosome-specific repetitive sequences indicated that variability in their copy number is partly responsible for peak-position variability in some chromosomes. Heteromorphic chromosomes are identified for which parental flow karyotype information will be essential if de novo rearrangements resulting in small DNA content changes are to be detected with flow karyotyping.
Communicating through a sea of frustration: Zero-temperature triangular Ising antiferromagnet on a cylinder (2018)

``Communication'' through the frustrated ground state of a classical triangular Ising antiferromagnet wrapped on a cylinder is studied via reformulation as imaginary-time evolution of a system of fermions on a ring, detailing a breakdown of the ordinary Perron-Frobenius scenario for disordered one-dimensional systems. For instance, constraint of the configuration at one cylinder end allows infinite-range, albeit partial, control of the state. Mutual information between end configurations under open boundary conditions, which measures the strength of the correlations, has an asymptotic decay with a complex dependence on cylinder circumference and spin (anti)periodicity. In some cases, the decay is not even exponential in length, but inverse square.