gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gender differences in emotional and behavioral disorders and service use among adolescent smokers: A nationwide Israeli study (2012)

Marked gender differences have been identified in cigarette smoking. In this study, we aimed to identify the gender-specific emotional and behavioral disorders among adolescent smokers and their consequent utilization of mental health services. We performed a nationwide survey study of an Israeli representative sample of 906 adolescents and their mothers. Mental disorders were assessed using the Development and Well-Being Assessment (DAWBA) Inventory. Levels of emotional and behavioral difficulties were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Mental health services use and smoking habits were also assessed. Among non-smoker adolescents there were significant gender differences in almost all SDQ scales: emotional problems, pro-social, hyperactivity/inattention and conduct problems, whereas in the smoker group there was a difference only in the SDQ emotional problems scale (both self- and maternal-rated, P<0.001 and P=0.002, respectively). Only marginal difference was noted between males and females in help-seeking for emotional or behavioral problems. Over 50% of both male and female smokers in the study had untreated mental disorders (non-significant gender difference). The well-established gender differences in psychiatric symptomatology narrowed markedly in adolescent smokers; the typical gender difference in disruptive behaviors was lost in the adolescent smoking population. The implications of these findings are particularly relevant to developing more effective gender-specific programs to prevent youth smoking, to facilitate quitting and prepare primary care practitioners to identify mental disorders and behavioral problems in adolescents with a smoking history.
Optimal whitespace synchronization strategies (2010)

The whitespace-discovery problem describes two parties, Alice and Bob, trying to establish a communication channel over one of a given large segment of whitespace channels. Subsets of the channels are occupied in each of the local environments surrounding Alice and Bob, as well as in the global environment between them (Eve). In the absence of a common clock for the two parties, the goal is to devise time-invariant (stationary) strategies minimizing the synchronization time. This emerged from recent applications in discovery of wireless devices. We model the problem as follows. There are $N$ channels, each of which is open (unoccupied) with probability $p_1,p_2,q$ independently for Alice, Bob and Eve respectively. Further assume that $N \gg 1/(p_1 p_2 q)$ to allow for sufficiently many open channels. Both Alice and Bob can detect which channels are locally open and every time-slot each of them chooses one such channel for an attempted sync. One aims for strategies that, with high probability over the environments, guarantee a shortest possible expected sync time depending only on the $p_i$'s and $q$. Here we provide a stationary strategy for Alice and Bob with a guaranteed expected sync time of $O(1 / (p_1 p_2 q^2))$ given that each party also has knowledge of $p_1,p_2,q$. When the parties are oblivious of these probabilities, analogous strategies incur a cost of a poly-log factor, i.e.\ $\tilde{O}(1 / (p_1 p_2 q^2))$. Furthermore, this performance guarantee is essentially optimal as we show that any stationary strategies of Alice and Bob have an expected sync time of at least $Ω(1/(p_1 p_2 q^2))$.
Supplemental Figure 5 from A Systematic Analysis Reveals Heterogeneous Changes in the Endocytic Activities of Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 5: Relationship between endocytic activity and cancer cell properties.&lt;/p&gt;
Robotic system for retractable teleoperated arm within enclosed shell with capability of operating within a confined space (2023)

An apparatus for performing a task in a confined space having an access port. The apparatus comprise: a confinement box securable to the access port of the confined space; a shell extending from the confinement box; a teleoperated arm movable between a retracted position, in which the teleoperated arm is disposed within the shell, and a deployed position, in which the teleoperated arm extends through the access port and into the confined space to perform the task; and a control system for commanding the teleoperated arm. The arm links and joint connectors of the teleoperated arm assembly are the conduits for the process
Measurement of the SemileptonicCPAsymmetry inB0-B¯0Mixing (2015)

The semileptonic CP asymmetry in B0-B[over ¯]0 mixing, a(sl)(d), is measured in proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb-1, recorded by the LHCb experiment. Semileptonic B0 decays are reconstructed in the inclusive final states D-μ+ and D*-μ+, where the D- meson decays into the K+π-π- final state and the D*- meson into the D[over ¯]0(→K+π-)π- final state. The asymmetry between the numbers of D(*)-μ+ and D(*)+μ- decays is measured as a function of the decay time of the B0 mesons. The CP asymmetry is measured to be a(sl)(d)=(-0.02±0.19±0.30)%, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This is the most precise measurement of a(sl)(d) to date and is consistent with the prediction from the standard model.
Trajectory Optimization for Thermally-Actuated Soft Planar Robot Limbs (2022)

Practical use of robotic manipulators made from soft materials requires generating and executing complex motions. We present the first approach for generating trajectories of a thermally-actuated soft robotic manipulator. Based on simplified approximations of the soft arm and its antagonistic shape-memory alloy actuator coils, we justify a dynamics model of a discretized rigid manipulator with joint torques proportional to wire temperature. Then, we propose a method to calibrate this model from experimental data and demonstrate that the simulation aligns well with a hardware test. Finally, we use a direct collocation optimization with the robot's nonlinear dynamics to generate feasible state-input trajectories from a desired reference. Three experiments validate our approach for a single-segment robot in hardware: first using a hand-derived reference trajectory, then with two teach-and-repeat tests. The results show promise for both open-loop motion generation as well as for future applications with feedback.
RESEARCH ARTICLE Unfolding four-helix bundles (2011)

A geometrical model has been developed to describe the early stages of unfolding of cytochromes c 0 and c-b562. Calculations are based on a step-wise extension of the polypeptide chain subject to the constraint that the spatial relationship among the residues of each triplet is fixed by the native-state crystallographic data. The response of each protein to these structural perturbations allows the evolution of each of the four helices in these two proteins to be differentiated. It is found that the two external helices in c 0 unfold before its two internal helices, whereas exactly the opposite behaviour is demonstrated by c-b562. Each of these cytochromes has an extended, internal, non-helical (‘turning’) region that initially lags behind the most labile helix but then, at a certain stage (identified for each cytochrome), unravels before any of the four helices present in the native structure. It is believed that these predictions will be useful in guiding future experimental studies on the unfolding of these two cytochromes.
Robust speech separation using two-stage independent component analysis (2003)

This paper proposes a two stage speech (8, 21. Standard ICA, however, suffers from several lim- separation architecture involving a microphone selec- itations. First, there is assumed to be as many ideal tion stage and an Independent Component Analysis mixed signals available as there are independent sig- (ICA) stage. Standalone ICA often fails to correctly nals. In practice, there will always be additive noise as separate speech signals in the presence of Gaussian well as reverberations in an acoustic environment that noise, even occasionally resulting in a reduced signal- make obtaining an ideal mixed signal difficult if not to-noise ratio (SNR) relative to the original mized sig- impossible. The second issue regarding ICA is its ap n&. The technique proposed here utilizes a kurtosis- plication to situations where a large number of micro- based genetic microphone selection mechanism in order phones are present, but only a few independent speech to select an optimal set of microphones from a large sources are present. Take, for example, a small room number of microphones that are agsumed to be wad- with 20 microphones and three simultaneous speakers. able. ICA is performed on the sign& of the selected Does one perform ICA on all 20 microphones, which is microphones and the avemge output kurtosis is used to computationally expensive, or should a certain set of update the microphone selections. This technique re- microphones, say 3, be selected and used? If a small sults in an average improvement of approzimately 11 set of microphones is selected, then how is this selec- dB in the output SNR relative to the result obtained by tion accomplished? What metric can be used to aid a random selection of microphones. The dmwback of the selection process? this technique is its failure in the presence of leptokur- T&~ paper attempts to ansmr these questions by tic noise. proposing a separation-quality metric based on the kurtosis of each of the separated channels. This metric
Deuterium metabolic imaging of the human brain in vivo at 7 T (2022)

Here, we have demonstrated the successful implementation of 3D DMI in the human brain in vivo at 7 T. The spatial and temporal nominal resolutions achieved at 7 T (i.e., 2.7 mL in 28 min, respectively) were close to those achieved at 9.4 T and greatly outperformed DMI at lower magnetic fields. DMI at 7 T and beyond has clear potential in applications dealing with small brain lesions.
Adaptive inverse halftoning for scanned document images through multiresolution and multiscale analysis (2003)

This paper describes an efficient algorithm for inverse halftoning of scanned color document images to resolve problems with interference patterns such as moire and graininess when the images are displayed or printed out. The algorithm is suitable for software implementation and useful for high quality printing or display of scanned document images delivered via networks from unknown scanners. A multi-resolution approach is used to achieve practical processing speed under software implementation. Through data-driven, adaptive, multi-scale processing, the algorithm can cope with a variety of input devices and requires no information on the halftoning method or properties (such as coefficients in dither matrices, filter coefficients of error diffusion kernels, screen angles, or dot frequencies). Effectiveness of the new algorithm is demonstrated through real examples of scanned color document images, as well as quantitative evaluations with synthetic data.
Effect of blocking TNF on IL-6 levels and metastasis in a B16-BL6 melanoma/mouse model. (1997)

We studied the relationship between tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) levels, and the metastatic process in C57BL/6 mice after intravenous inoculation of B16-BL6 melanoma cells. Bioactive TNF was not detectable in the sera of inoculated mice, but these animals did show higher TNF levels following intraperitoneal challenge with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) compared to control animals. Serum IL-6 levels were increased in inoculated animals. Injection of a hybrid molecule (p55-sf2) composed of the human p55 TNF receptor extracellular domain coupled to a human constant region backbone, decreased serum TNF (after LPS challenge) and IL-6 levels in inoculated animals. Lung metastases at 7-14 days were reduced, compared to human IgG-injected control animals, but this effect was lost at day 21 postinoculation. The results suggest that the reduction in the number of metastases may be related to the effect of blocking TNF activity.
Gas bubble transport and emissions for shallow peat from a northern peatland: The role of pressure changes and peat structure (2014)

Gas bubbles are an important pathway for methane release from peatlands. The mechanisms controlling gas bubble transport and emissions in peat remain uncertain. The effects of hydrostatic pressure and peat structure on the dynamics of gas bubbles in shallow peat were therefore tested in laboratory experiments. A peat monolith was retrieved from a raised bog and maintained in a saturated state. Three distinct layers were identified from noninvasive permittivity measurements supported by soil physical properties (porosity, bulk density). Phase I of the experiment involved monitoring for the accumulation of gas bubbles under steady pressure and temperature conditions. The data showed evidence for gas bubbles being impeded by a shallow semiconfining layer at depths between 10 and 15 cm. Visible gas bubbles observed on the side of the sample box were recorded over time to estimate changes in the vertical distribution of volumetric gas content. Porosity estimates derived using the Complex Refraction Index Model (CRIM) suggest that gas bubbles enlarge the pore space when the exerted pressure is high enough. Phase II involved triggering release of trapped bubbles by repeatedly increasing and decreasing hydrostatic pressure in an oversaturated condition. Comparison of changes in pressure head and methane density in the head space confirmed that the increasing buoyancy force during drops in pressure is more important for triggering ebullition than increasing mobility during increases in pressure. Our findings demonstrate the importance of changes in hydrostatic pressure on bubble size and variations in resistance of the peat fabric in regulating methane releases from peatlands.
In-Situ Transesterification of Chlorella vulgaris Using Carbon-Dot Functionalized Strontium Oxide as a Heterogeneous Catalyst under Microwave Irradiation (2016)

The main goal of this study is to functionalize SrO with carbon dots (C-dots) and to explore the composite as a catalyst for fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) production using Chlorella vulgaris as feedstock. C-dots are synthesized by sonicating polyethylene glycol followed by sonochemical modification of Sr(NO3)2 (precursor for SrO) with C-dots. Sonication facilitates the adhesion of C-dots to the surface of Sr(NO3)2. The resulting material is calcined in an inert environment to form a SrO–C-dot composite. The effect of functionalizing SrO with C-dots on the transesterification of the lipids in the alga with methanol is studied. The optimization of a one-stage process of conversion of the lipid fraction of microalga Chlorella vulgaris into FAME using direct transesterification under microwave irradiation is illustrated. A lipid conversion value of 45.5 wt % is achieved using the SrO–C-dot catalyst after 2.5 min of microwave (MW) irradiation. The catalyst displayed better activity than commercial SrO. Microwave irradiation accelerates the disruption of the microalgal cells and facilitates the release of lipid content into the reaction medium. The catalyst is characterized by a variety of physicochemical techniques. The FAME product obtained from the alga is quantified using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The new catalyst, namely, SrO–C-dot nanoparticles (NPs), yielded 97 wt % FAME from Chlorella vulgaris in 2.5 min of MW irradiation.
A Dirichlet process mixture model for clustering longitudinal gene expression data (2017)

Subgroup identification (clustering) is an important problem in biomedical research. Gene expression profiles are commonly utilized to define subgroups. Longitudinal gene expression profiles might provide additional information on disease progression than what is captured by baseline profiles alone. Therefore, subgroup identification could be more accurate and effective with the aid of longitudinal gene expression data. However, existing statistical methods are unable to fully utilize these data for patient clustering. In this article, we introduce a novel clustering method in the Bayesian setting based on longitudinal gene expression profiles. This method, called BClustLonG, adopts a linear mixed-effects framework to model the trajectory of genes over time, while clustering is jointly conducted based on the regression coefficients obtained from all genes. In order to account for the correlations among genes and alleviate the high dimensionality challenges, we adopt a factor analysis model for the regression coefficients. The Dirichlet process prior distribution is utilized for the means of the regression coefficients to induce clustering. Through extensive simulation studies, we show that BClustLonG has improved performance over other clustering methods. When applied to a dataset of severely injured (burn or trauma) patients, our model is able to identify interesting subgroups. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Carrier transport analysis of high-performance poly-Si Nanowire transistor fabricated by advanced SPC with record-high electron mobility (2015)

This paper presents the fundamental carrier transport analysis of high-mobility poly-Si nanowire transistors (NW Tr). By adopting advanced SPC (solid-phase crystallization) process, record-high electron mobility (192cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs) and Ion (200μA/μm) at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> of 4nA/μm are achieved without using lasers or catalysts. Carrier density and temperature dependence of mobility, and also physical analysis of poly-Si crystallinity and the channel size, reveal that the origin of mobility degradation in conventional SPC poly-Si Tr. is Coulomb scattering due to defects inside grains as well as defects at grain boundaries and enhanced surface roughness scattering at poly-Si/gate oxide interface, all of which are weakened by advanced SPC process. At high carrier density, mobility of poly-Si nFETs and pFETs by advanced SPC process even exceeds bulk-Si (110) nFETs and (100) pFETs.
Polyomavirus middle T-antigen NPTY mutants (1992)

A polyomavirus middle T-antigen (MTAg) mutant containing a substitution of Leu for Pro at amino acid 248 has previously been described as completely transformation defective (B. J. Druker, L. Ling, B. Cohen, T. M. Roberts, and B. S. Schaffhausen, J. Virol. 64:4454-4461, 1990). This mutant had no alterations in associated proteins or associated kinase activities compared with wild-type MTAg. Pro-248 lies in a tetrameric sequence, NPTY, which is reminiscent of the so-called NPXY sequence in the low-density-lipoprotein receptor. In the low-density-lipoprotein receptor, mutations in the NPXY motif but not in the surrounding amino acids abolish receptor function, apparently by decreasing receptor internalization (W. Chen, J. L. Goldstein, and M. S. Brown, J. Biol. Chem. 265:3116-3123, 1990). To determine whether this sequence represents a functional motif in MTAg as well, a series of single amino acid substitutions was constructed in this region of MTAg. All of the mutations of N, P, T, or Y, including the relatively conservative substitution of Ser for Thr at amino acid 249, resulted in a transformation-defective MTAg, whereas mutations outside of this sequence allowed mutants to retain near-wild-type transformation capabilities. Transformation-defective mutants with mutations in the NPTY region behaved similarly to the mutant with the original Pro-248-to-Leu-248 mutation when assayed for associated proteins and activities in vitro; that is, they retained a full complement of wild-type activities and associated proteins. Further, insertion of the tetrameric sequence NPTY downstream of the mutated motif restored transforming abilities to these mutants. Thus, the tetrameric sequence NPTY in MTAg appears to represent a well-defined functional motif of MTAg.
The First FLASH Clinical Trial—The Journey of a Thousand Miles Begins With 1 Step (2022)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Oncology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Oncology journal
Existence of activated and memory CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood and their skin infiltration in CD8 deficiency (1999)

CD8 deficiency is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by the defect of a tyrosine kinase, ZAP-70, which transduces signals from the T cell receptor. We report here a case of CD8 deficiency, having CD4+ T cells with a unique phenotype. The patient's T cells did not respond to anti-CD3 stimulation in vitro, suggesting that they were naive. However, many CD4+ T cells with activated and memory phenotypes, which expressed CD45RO+, HLA-DR+ and CD25+, were present in the peripheral blood, and these cells accumulated in the perivascular area of his infiltrative erythematous skin lesions. The patient's T cells could be activated by a high concentration of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), indicating the presence of an alternate signalling pathway which bypasses ZAP-70 and activates CD4+ T cells in vivo. The origin and role of activated CD4+ T cells in the pathogenesis involved in the skin lesions are discussed.