gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Wavelength-Tunable Photodetector Using Subwavelength Graphene\n Field-Effect Transistors (2017)

Dynamic wavelength tunability has long been the holy grail of photodetector\ntechnology. Because of its atomic thickness and unique properties, graphene\nopens up new paradigms to realize this concept, but so far this has been\nelusive experimentally. Here we employ detailed quantum transport modeling of\nphotocurrent in graphene field-effect transistors (including realistic\nelectromagnetic fields) to show that wavelength tunability is possible by\ndynamically changing the gate voltage. We reveal the phenomena that govern the\nbehavior of this type of device and show significant departure from the simple\nexpectations based on vertical transitions. We find strong focusing of the\nelectromagnetic fields at the contact edges over the same length scale as the\nband-bending. Both of these spatially-varying potentials lead to an enhancement\nof non-vertical optical transitions, which dominate even the absence of phonon\nor impurity scattering. We also show that the vanishing density of states near\nthe Dirac point leads to contact blocking and a gate-dependent modulation of\nthe photocurrent.\n
Synthesis, characterization and post-modification of aromatic (Co)polyesters possessing pendant maleimide groups (2022)

A new series of (co)polyesters possessing pendent maleimide groups was synthesized by low temperature solution polycondensation of 4, 4’-(5-maleimidopentane-2, 2-diyl) diphenol (BPA-MA) with isophthalic acid chloride (IPC), terephthalic acid chloride (TPC) and a mixture of TPC and IPC (50:50 mol %). Copolyesters were also synthesized by polycondensation of varying compositions of BPA-MA and bisphenol-A (BPA) with IPC. The chemical structures and compositions of (co)polyesters were confirmed by NMR spectroscopy. Inherent viscosity values and number-average molecular weights of (co)polyesters were in the range 0.50–0.76 dL/g and 17,700-32,100 g/mol, respectively, indicating the formation of reasonably high molecular weight polymers. (Co)polyesters were readily soluble in common organic solvents and could be cast into tough, transparent and flexible films from chloroform solutions. (Co)polyesters exhibited 10% weight loss and glass transition temperatures in the range 464–468 and 142–178°C, respectively. A representative copolyester possessing pendant maleimide groups was chemically modified via metal-free azide-maleimide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition click reaction with two azido compounds, namely, (azidomethyl)benzene (Bz-N 3 ) and 1-(azidomethyl)-pyrene (Py-N 3 ) to yield corresponding modified copolyesters in a quantitative manner.
Editor’s Pick: TYRO3, AXL, and MERTK Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Is There Evidence of Direct Involvement in Development and Onset of Sjögren’s Syndrome? (2016)

Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) is a chronic, progressive, systemic, human autoimmune disease in which an auto-inflammatory process within the salivary and lacrimal glands results in loss of saliva and tear production, respectively. In-depth analyses of the autoimmune process in humans and animal models of SjS substantiates one of the more important pathoaetiological pathways: an increased level of glandular apoptosis and/or cell lysis. We have hypothesised that failure in clearance of dying cells by macrophages, dendritic cells, and neighbouring tissues results in a sustained innate inflammatory response that transitions to autoimmunity. Since the intrinsic inhibition of inflammation following phagocytosis of dying cells is a function of a family of three receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) known as the TAM (Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk), we put forward the following hypothesis: based on published information and analysis of our public microarray data, the failure of TAM RTK signalling, specifically in activating suppressor of cytokine signalling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3 (which are inhibitors of immune responses), may lead to autoimmunity, and specifically, to SjS-like disease.
Regulation by Interleukin-10 and Interleukin-4 of Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Human Neutrophils (1997)

Neutrophils are important effector cells of acute inflammation because of their potential capacity to synthesize various proinflammatory mediators, and inhibition of their production is expected to result in anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigate the effects of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-4, on prostanoid synthesis in human neutrophils. Neutrophils isolated from healthy donors constitutively produced a small amount of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) without any stimulations, whereas they produced a large amount of PGE2 after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. IL-10 and IL-4 selectively inhibited their LPS-induced PGE2 production. Inhibition by both cytokines occurred at an early stage of LPS stimulation. Anti-IL-10 treatment of LPS-stimulated neutrophils resulted in enhanced PGE2 production. LPS-induced PGE2 and thromboxane B2 (TXB2) production in aspirin-treated neutrophils was significantly inhibited by IL-10, IL-4, and NS-398. Moreover, IL-10 and IL-4 inhibited LPS-induced cyclooxygenase (COX) activity in neutrophils. Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis showed that COX-2 protein was clearly induced in LPS-stimulated neutrophils and that its induction was inhibited by both IL-10 and IL-4. Moreover, both of these cytokines inhibited COX-2 mRNA expression in LPS-stimulated neutrophils. These results raise the possibility that these two cytokines may both offer potent clinical utility as anti-inflammatory agents in the future.
Long-term follow up of renal function and histology after renal allograft transplantation in early childhood (1998)

Abstract Survival rates, renal function, and histopathology were evaluated in 49 prospectively followed patients transplanted under 5 years of age at our center. Most patients (84%) suffered from congenital nephrosis of the Finnish type. Triple immunosuppression with cyclosporin administered in three daily doses to pre-school children was used. Patient survival 7 years after transplantation was 98 % and graft survival 88 %. All graft losses were due to post-transplantation nephrosis. The proportion of pathological findings in the follow-up biopsies did not change substantially with time. Five years after transplantation, 47 % showed a normal histology and after 7 years this rose to 67 %. Mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 68 and 55 ml min per 1.73 m2 5 years and 7 years, respectively, after transplantation. The decline in GFR with time was significant. We conclude that good long-term results can be achieved with individually tailored triple immunosuppression in the youngest age group, even with cadaveric donors.
Flexible organic photovoltaics from zinc oxide nanowires grown on transparent and conducting single walled carbon nanotube thin films (2008)

The fabrication of flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs) which utilize transparent and conducting single walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) thin films as current collecting electrodes on plastic substrates in zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW)/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices is reported. The bulk heterojunctions for exciton dissociation are created by directly growing ZnO nanowires from solution on the SWNT electrodes and spin coating the P3HT polymer. A maximum OPV power conversion efficiency of ∼0.6% was achieved. Our results indicate that nanotube–nanowire hybrids fabricated via solution based methods are promising for optoelectronic and energy harvesting devices.
Determining barriers to effective data sharing in cancer genomic sequencing initiatives: A Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) survey. (2016)

11502 Background: Harmonizing informatics in the era of next generation sequencing (NGS) is a precision medicine priority as unconnected data silos unacceptably stall advancement of genomic medicine. GA4GH is a not for profit organization that promotes responsible and effective sharing of genomic/clinical data. In this context, GA4GH conducted a survey of international cancer sequencing initiatives to catalog global activity and dissect perceived barriers to data sharing. Methods: A total of 108 genomic sequencing initiatives were invited to participate in a web based survey that assessed perceived barriers to data sharing. Responses were presented as Likert scales (minor barrier ( = 1); major barrier ( = 6)) and were analyzed by Chi-square testing. Results: Responses were obtained from 59 initiatives (55%) which were largely North American or European based (61%). Initiatives varied in samples analyzed/year ((1-1000 (small): 49%; > 1000 (large): 51%)) and were well distributed between Diagnostic (D) and Research (R) intent (D: 15%; R: 37%; D/R: 34%; Unknown:14%). Biggest perceived barriers to effective data sharing (Likert scales ≥ 4) were: A: lack of funding (75%); incompatible data systems (69%); insufficient clinical data capture (58%); B: lack of informatics expertise (49%); legal (36%) and privacy issues (34%); (A vs B, p < 0.001)). Informatics barriers did not differ between initiative size (p = NS) or intent (D v R, p = NS), but larger initiatives had greater difficulty in capturing clinical data (p < 0.001). Financial barriers did not differ according to size or initiative’s intent (D vs R). Data protection legislation barriers were more apparent in European initiatives (p = 0.04). Conclusions: In this survey, funding, informatics system, clinical data capture and European data protection legislation were perceived as the greatest hurdles to effective data sharing. This more granular definition of potential deficits is informing GA4GH’s efforts to promote system interoperability, collect and effectively share clinical outcome data and harmonize legal/ethics policies, thus maximizing the value of clinico-genomic data for improving patient care.
Rational Design of a Biomimetic Cell Penetrating Peptide Library (2013)

Cell penetrating peptides have demonstrated potential to facilitate the cellular delivery of therapeutic molecules. Here we develop a set of 50 cell penetrating peptide based formulations with potential to deliver small interfering RNAs intercellularly. The transfection efficacy of siRNA containing lipid-like nanoparticles decorated with different peptides was evaluated both &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and correlated with the peptide physical and chemical properties. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt;, these particles were internalized primarily through macropinocytosis. When the peptides were presented to bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, they induce low immunoactivation relative to control cell penetrating peptides including the antennapedia homeodomain and TAT, as quantified by the expression of activation specific surface proteins like CD80, CD86, and major histocompatibility complex class II. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, peptide decorated nanoparticles primarily accumulated in the lungs and the liver. Three human peptides derived from surfactant protein B (a lung surfactant protein), orexin (a neuropeptide hormone, and lactoferricin (a globular glycoprotein) that exist in many physiological fluids facilitated the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; delivery of siRNA and induce significant knock down (90%) of a hepatocyte expressed protein, coagulation Factor VII.
Etude du transfert trophique de nanomatériaux et des conséquences sur les organismes (2014)

/ Le projet TRONANO visait à acquérir des données sur l'écotoxicité de différentes nanoparticules (NP) et résidus de dégradation de nanomatériaux en étudiant leur impact sur des biofilms et des macroinvertébrés d'eau douce via une exposition par l'eau ou la nourriture respectivement. Trois\ncatégories de nanomatériaux commercialisés, avant ou après dégradation ont été étudiés : des produits de dégradation de NPs manufacturées à base de TiO2 (Tlite®) et de CeO2 (nanobyk®), du TiO2 nu (rutile) et des NPs d'or fonctionnalisées. Le projet visait à répondre à plusieurs questions relatives au danger de bioaccumulation et d'effet toxique. Nous avons mis en oeuvre des expositions\nen laboratoire de biofilms diatomiques et de macroinvertébrés, crustacé (G. fossarum), insecte (C.riparius), gastéropode prosobranche (P. antipodarum) à différentes NPs altérées ou non, via un apport de nourriture naturelle (biofilms, feuilles) ou de nourriture commerciale. Des méthodologies de mesure d'exposition (dosage et détection des NPs dans le biote) d'une part et des mesures d'effet (analyses métabolomiques, caractérisation de gènes chez G. fossarum et dans le biofilm diatomique)\nd'autre part ont été développées.\nSuite à ces expositions, relativement longues (jusqu'à 6 semaines pour le gastéropode) comparativement à ce qui est couramment réalisé en laboratoire, nous avons cherché à détecter les réponses des organismes en mettant en oeuvre des mesures à différentes échelles d'organisation\nbiologique, moléculaire, cellulaire ou au niveau individu (trait de vie). En fonction des nanomatériaux étudiés nos résultats mettent en évidence un possible transfert de la\ncontamination depuis la nourriture vers les organismes. Cette contamination s'est accompagnée\nd'effets biologiques, avec des réponses moléculaires et biochimiques détectables sur les biofilms et\nles invertébrés. En particulier les NPs d'or chargées positivement conduisent à des réponses moléculaires et histologiques significatives pour les biofilms et les gammares. En conséquence l'évaluation de l'impact potentiel de ces AuNPs sur la croissance ou la reproduction des organismes, suite à des expositions sur de plus longues périodes apparait nécessaire pour une évaluation du risque pertinente. De la même manière, l'exposition trophique aux NP de CeO2, de TiO2 rutile et de RDN de Tlite® conduit à des perturbations de certaines activités enzymatiques du métabolisme digestif et de défense au stress oxydant. Ces perturbations/ acclimatations dépendent des invertébrés et des activités mesurées. Néanmoins malgré des expositions que l'on peut qualifier de chroniques (21 jours pour G. fossarum, 42 jours pour P. antipodarum et 7 jours pour C. riparius), aucun des traits de vie (survie, croissance, reproduction, alimentation) couramment mesurés chez ces espèces pour étudier la toxicité de substances n'a été affecté. Ces résultats conduisent à conclure à un faible danger environnemental de ce type de nanomatériaux.
A New Immobilized Positional Nonspecific Lipase for Fat Modification and Ester Synthesis (1989)

The yeast Candida antarctica produces a positional non-specific lipase. The lipase preparation retained about 60% of its activity after 30 min of incubation at 70°C, pH 6.5. A highly thermostable and positional non-specific catalyst is formed when the lipase preparation is immobilized on a macroporous resin. The catalyst is efficient in ester synthesis and in interesterification. It is able to catalyze ester formation with both primary and secondary alcohols. The temperature optimum for interesterification is 85°C or higher, and the half-life in continuous acidolysis of soy bean oil with lauric acid at 60°C is above 2500 h. The non-specificity makes the catalyst useful in random interesterification of different fats. The catalyst has some saturated fatty acid specificity. Two lipase components (A and B) were purified. Lipase A is important for interesterification, and Lipase B is important in ester synthesis.
Pseudo-chaotic time hopping for UWB impulse radio (2001)

In this paper, we propose a pseudo-chaotic modulation suitable for ultrawide-bandwidth impulse-radio communication systems. The coding scheme is based upon controlling the symbolic dynamics of a chaotic map for encoding the digital information to be transmitted. The pseudo-chaotic time hopping enhances the spread-spectrum characteristics of the system, by removing most periodic components from the transmitted signal. A maximum-likelihood detector for the proposed scheme is presented and its scalability features are illustrated. Finally, theoretical performance bounds for both soft and hard Viterbi decoding are derived and compared with the simulation results.
Fukutin is required for maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histiogenesis and normal eye development (2003)

Fukuyama-type congenital muscular dystrophy (FCMD), one of the most common autosomal-recessive disorders in Japan, is characterized by congenital muscular dystrophy associated with brain malformation due to a defect during neuronal migration. Through positional cloning, we previously identified the gene for FCMD, which encodes the fukutin protein. Here we report that chimeric mice generated using embryonic stem cells targeted for both fukutin alleles develop severe muscular dystrophy, with the selective deficiency of alpha-dystroglycan and its laminin-binding activity. In addition, these mice showed laminar disorganization of the cortical structures in the brain with impaired laminin assembly, focal interhemispheric fusion, and hippocampal and cerebellar dysgenesis. Further, chimeric mice showed anomaly of the lens, loss of laminar structure in the retina, and retinal detachment. These results indicate that fukutin is necessary for the maintenance of muscle integrity, cortical histiogenesis, and normal ocular development and suggest the functional linkage between fukutin and alpha-dystroglycan.
Comparison of concepts for improving the line power quality of Electrostatic Precipitator systems (2010)

In this article the distortions caused by the pulsed operation of a group of power supplies (PS) feeding an Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP) are investigated, and means for improving the line power quality are proposed. In order to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortions (THD) of the line current and also to improve the loading balance between the grid phases for pulsed operation, the pulses of the individual power supplies are scheduled and controlled together, so that the power consumption becomes more continuous. As an alternative to the three-phase diode bridge rectifiers, which are used as front-end converters in modern ESP power supplies, multi-pulse and PWM rectifier topologies described in the literature and other concepts including hybrid systems as well as active filters are evaluated in order to identify a suitable topology for ESP applications. A comparison of the proposed ESP systems, considering the implementation complexity, power semiconductor losses, circuit elements stresses, etc. is presented.
Flexible regression models for ROC and risk analysis, with or without a gold standard (2015)

A novel semiparametric regression model is developed for evaluating the covariate-specific accuracy of a continuous medical test or biomarker. Ideally, studies designed to estimate or compare medical test accuracy will use a separate, flawless gold-standard procedure to determine the true disease status of sampled individuals. We treat this as a special case of the more complicated and increasingly common scenario in which disease status is unknown because a gold-standard procedure does not exist or is too costly or invasive for widespread use. To compensate for missing data on disease status, covariate information is used to discriminate between diseased and healthy units. We thus model the probability of disease as a function of 'disease covariates'. In addition, we model test/biomarker outcome data to depend on 'test covariates', which provides researchers the opportunity to quantify the impact of covariates on the accuracy of a medical test. We further model the distributions of test outcomes using flexible semiparametric classes. An important new theoretical result demonstrating model identifiability under mild conditions is presented. The modeling framework can be used to obtain inferences about covariate-specific test accuracy and the probability of disease based on subject-specific disease and test covariate information. The value of the model is illustrated using multiple simulation studies and data on the age-adjusted ability of soluble epidermal growth factor receptor - a ubiquitous serum protein - to serve as a biomarker of lung cancer in men. SAS code for fitting the model is provided. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the volume of coronary microemboli needed for reproducible visualization of microinfarcts on contrast enhanced MDCT and MRI (2012)

The purpose of this study was to 1) determine the threshold volume of coronary microemboli (<120m) needed for reproducible visualization of microinfarcts on contrast enhanced MDCT and MRI and 2) assess the impact of microemboli volumes on myocardial perfusion and left ventricular (LV) function.
5G New Radio for Public Safety Mission Critical Communications (2021)

Driven by increasing demands on connectivity to improve safety, situational awareness and operational effectiveness for first responders, more and more public safety agencies are realizing the need of modernization of their existing non-3GPP networks. 3GPP based cellular networks offer the unique opportunity of providing fast, reliable, and prioritized communications for first responders in a shared network. In this article, we give an overview of service requirements of public safety mission critical communications. We identify key technical challenges and explain how 5G NR features are being evolved to meet the emerging safety critical requirements, including enabling connectivity everywhere, supporting efficient group communications, prioritizing mission critical traffic, and providing accurate positioning for first responders.
Strained SOI FINFET SRAM Design (2013)

Impact of strained silicon effects in double-gated FinFET structures on static random access memory (SRAM) cell functionality is presented. Three FinFET silicon-on-insulator (SOI) SRAM cell embodiments representing unstrained, strained, and NFET-only-strained devices are compared against a planar PDSOI SRAM cell design. The metrics encompass both static and dynamic behavior of the cell and are analyzed through 2-D process hardware-calibrated device models ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Lg</i> =25 nm). The key findings of this letter are: 1) PFET devices with tensile strain are found to degrade the FinFET cell Read Noise Margin and cell ability to write a strong “1”; 2) by restricting the tensile strain to the NFET devices FinFET SRAM cell Read stability and access times improve by 10%-20% relative to their unstrained FinFET and NFET-only strained PDSOI counterparts.
Comparative Analysis of Thick Gauge Blended and Coextruded Polyethylene Films (1990)

Linear and branched polyethylene resins are extensively used in film production for packaging. Branched polyethylenes, such as low density polyethylene (LDPE), are unique due to their high melt strength and good optical properties; while linear polyethylenes, such as linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), exhibit excellent physical properties and drawdown capabilities The combination of both resins via blends or coextrusion provides a mix of film properties very difficult to achieve with pure materials. This paper evaluates the performance of thick blown films made from blends of LLDPE (1.0 melt index, 0.926 density) with high pressure LDPE (0.2 melt index, 0.920 density), versus three-layer coextruded films made of the same materials at the same resin ratios. A major market for these films is in pack aging free-flowing granular products. The objective is to answer which fabrication method yields superior mechanical properties, as well as outline the fundamental reasoning to understand the differences through structural and morphological analyses