gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A synthetic 5,3-cross-link in the cell wall of rod-shaped Gram-positive bacteria (2021)

Gram-positive bacteria assemble a multilayered cell wall that provides tensile strength to the cell. The cell wall is composed of glycan strands cross-linked by nonribosomally synthesized peptide stems. Herein, we modify the peptide stems of the Gram-positive bacterium <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> with noncanonical electrophilic d-amino acids, which when in proximity to adjacent stem peptides form novel covalent 5,3-cross-links. Approximately 20% of canonical cell-wall cross-links can be replaced with synthetic cross-links. While a low level of synthetic cross-link formation does not affect <i>B. subtilis</i> growth and phenotype, at higher levels cell growth is perturbed and bacteria elongate. A comparison of the accumulation of synthetic cross-links over time in Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria highlights key differences between them. The ability to perturb cell-wall architecture with synthetic building blocks provides a novel approach to studying the adaptability, elasticity, and porosity of bacterial cell walls.
Synthesis of 2D and 3D MOFs with tuneable Lewis acidity from preformed 1D hybrid sub-domains (2018)

Novel MOF-type materials with different morphologies based on assembled 1D organic-inorganic sub-domains were prepared using specific monodentate benzylcarboxylate spacers with functional substituents in the para-position as structure modulating agents. The combination of electron-withdrawing or electron-donating functions in the organic spacers with suitable solvothermal synthesis conditions allowed modulating the structuration level (2D or 3D), vacancies, physico-chemical properties and Lewis acidity strength of the metal-organic structures. Furthermore, bimetallic (Al/Fe) MOF-type materials were synthesized by a one-pot direct process without modification of the structural framework. The activity of these hybrid materials as Lewis acid catalysts was evaluated to prepare cyanohydrins as precursors for the synthesis of biologically active compounds, and for aerobic oxidation of thiols to disulfides. The catalytic results showed that the derived MOFs exhibited modulatable Lewis acid capacities which are a function of the morphology, functionality of monodentate substituents present in the networks and a cooperative effect between metallic nodes of different nature.
Using M/G/l queueing models with vacations to analyze virtualized logic computations (2015)

Visualization of logic computations (i.e., by sharing a fixed function across distinct data streams) provides a means to effectively utilize hardware resources by context switching the logic to support multiple data streams of computation and to improve the total throughput of all streams. Context switching allows the pipeline stages of the logic to be fully utilized when feedback is present and to support additional contexts using secondary memory. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a virtualized hardware design and develop M/G/1 queueing model equations to predict circuit performance. The server is modeled using a general distribution that takes vacations during the computation of an individual data stream. Using the model, we predict circuit performance and tune a schedule for optimal performance.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL ION BINDING SITES COMPOSED OF MULTIPLE NITROGENOUS HETEROCYCLES. SYNTHESIS AND SPECTRAL AND STRUCTURAL STUDY OF BIS(2,2′,2′′‐TRIPYRIDYLAMINE)COPPER(II) BIS(TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE) AND ITS BIS(ACETONITRILE) ADDUCT (1982)

Abstract Durch Reaktion von Cu(II triflat mit 2,2′,2"‐Tripyridylamin in Acetonitril wird der Komplex (I) in guter Ausb. synthetisiert.
Investigation of propellant inefficiencies in a pulsed plasma thruster (1996)

Abstract : A Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT) benefits from the inherent engineering simplicity and reduced tankage fraction gained by storing the propellant as a solid. The solid is converted to the gaseous state during an electric surface discharge. Previous research has concluded that the bulk of the propellant expands gas-dynamically from the chamber at low directed velocity, with possibly as little as 10% ionized and efficiently accelerated to high velocity using electromagnetic forces. The two velocity components result in a low propellant utilization efficiency. Critical to improving the PPT efficiency is preventing the formation of the low-velocity propellant and/or developing a means of accelerating it electromagnetically. In the present work measurements are made of the solid propellant conversion to the gaseous state with the intent of better understanding the formation process. By better understanding the propellant conversion it is hoped that future PPTs can be designed with significantly increased propellant efficiencies.
Satellite-Based Augmentation System Signal-In-Space Integrity Performance Analysis, Experience, and Perspectives (1999)

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is pioneering a transformation of the national airspace system from its present ground based navigation and landing system to a satellite-based system using the Global Positioning System (GPS). To meet the critical safety-of-life aviation positioning requirements, a Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS) known as the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) will be implemented to support navigation for all phases of flight from oceanic through Category I precision approaches. The WAAS will provide its users with integrity information, vector differential corrections and corresponding confidence intervals through ranging capable geostationary satellites. Providing wide area availability of precision approach is the most challenging design feature of WAAS. Integrity and safety are the paramount issues in evaluating the SBAS overall service quality. 

First, a WAAS integrity risk analysis leads to a system level characterization of the SBAS integrity architecture. Analysis illustrates that the most critical challenges of the WAAS total system integrity function include: the ground control stations' ability to guarantee SIS integrity, and the integrity of the airborne navigation system. This study will focus on the statistical characterization of the WAAS signal-in-space (SIS) integrity function, which is fundametally rooted in two aspects: integrity of accuracy and the ability to satisfy the strict time-to-alarm requirements. The theoretical framework of statistical hypothesis testing is generalized to the analysis of the system integrity of accuracy, specifically the vector correction confidence intervals, known as user differential range error (UDRE) and grid ionosphere vertical error (GIVE) algorithms. 

Meanwhile, interoperability between worldwide independent SBASs is desirable to achieve seamless global aviation systems. The integrity issue inevitable becomes one of the most critical factors for interoperation and is investigated in depth based on the previous analysis. Different interoperation scenarios will be investigated and tested using NSTB live data. Recommended interoperation scenarios will be identified for future cooperative efforts to achieve seamless worldwide navigation services.

Quantitative characterization of the system SIS integrity function is achieved and verified through analyses, simulation and National Satellite Test Bed (NSTB) live data.
Effect of stomach motility on food hydrolysis and gastric emptying: Insight from computational models (2022)

The peristaltic motion of stomach walls combines with the secretion of digestive enzymes to initiate the process that breaks down food. In this study, the mixing, breakdown, and emptying of a liquid meal containing protein is simulated in a model of a human stomach. In this model, pepsin, the gastric enzyme responsible for protein hydrolysis, is secreted from the proximal region of the stomach walls and allowed to react with the contents of the stomach. The velocities of the retropulsive jet induced by the peristaltic motion, the emptying rate, and the extent of hydrolysis are quantified for a control case as well as for three other cases with reduced motility of the stomach, which may result from conditions such as diabetes mellitus. This study quantifies the effect of stomach motility on the rate of food breakdown and its emptying into the duodenum and we correlate these observations with the mixing in the stomach induced by the wall motion.
Flow‐controlled thermosyphon using multi‐stacked radiator cores (2000)

We have been developing a more compact cooling unit compared with the conventional cooling aluminum fin and the heat pipe-type cooling unit. The aim of this paper is to examine the cooling performance of the cooling unit using multi-stacked radiator cores and a new flow controller. We propose a new simple structure for the refrigerant circulation flow using multi-stacked radiator cores with holes at both ends. Further we clarified that the cooling performance is greatly improved by the new refrigerant flow controller if the cooling unit is inclined. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 29(8): 648–659, 2000
Calcific Constrictive Pericarditis: Is It Still with Us? (2000)

Pericardial calcification is a common finding in patients with constrictive pericarditis. It is often associated with idiopathic disease and other markers of disease chronicity and is an independent predictor of increased perioperative mortality rates.
Antihypertensive Medication Use and Change in Kidney Function in Elderly Adults: A Marginal Structural Model Analysis (2011)

In summary, estimates from a marginal structural model suggested that antihypertensive therapy was associated with preserved kidney function in hypertensive elderly adults. Confirmatory studies may provide power to determine the strength and validity of the findings.
Analog essays on science (1990)

NEW VIEWS OF THE PAST Base Eight Arithmetic, Meteors, and Man (J. Gribbin) Science and Creation (P. Anderson) The Long Stern Chase: A Speculative Exercise (R. Cook) Advanced Machining in Ancient Egypt? (C. Dunn) A Little More Pollution, Please! (G. Harper) THE UNIVERSE WE LIVE IN Demythologizing the Black Hole (R. Matzner, et al.) Death Risk (M. Rothman) Hot Rocks and Water (R. Terra) WHAT IS THIS THING CALLED MAN? Memetics and the Modular Mind (H. Henson) Man's Biological Future (L. de Camp) THE SEARCH FOR EXTRATERRESTRIAL INTELLIGENCE Xenology: The New Science of Asking Who's Out There?'' (D. Brin) Alien Sex (R. Freitas) COMING SOON New Communications Technologies and the Developing World (A. Clarke) Huntington's Handle (M. Peeples) Space Tourism: The Door Into the Space Age (P. Collins) Exploring the Asteroids (J. Davis) The Postdiluvian World (S. Gillett) Nanotechnology (C. Peterson & K. Drexler) BEYOND TOMORROW: THE FAR FUTURE 24th Century Medicine (T. Donaldson) To the Stars! (G. Woodcock).
Epitope-resolved profiling of the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response identifies cross-reactivity with an endemic human CoV (2020)

A high-resolution understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 is important for the design of effective diagnostics, vaccines and therapeutics. However, SARS-CoV-2 antibody epitopes remain largely uncharacterized, and it is unknown whether and how the response may cross-react with related viruses. Here, we use a multiplexed peptide assay ('PepSeq') to generate an epitope-resolved view of reactivity across all human coronaviruses. PepSeq accurately detects SARS-CoV-2 exposure and resolves epitopes across the Spike and Nucleocapsid proteins. Two of these represent recurrent reactivities to conserved, functionally-important sites in the Spike S2 subunit, regions that we show are also targeted for the endemic coronaviruses in pre-pandemic controls. At one of these sites, we demonstrate that the SARS-CoV-2 response strongly and recurrently cross-reacts with the endemic virus hCoV-OC43. Our analyses reveal new diagnostic and therapeutic targets, including a site at which SARS-CoV-2 may recruit common pre-existing antibodies and with the potential for broadly-neutralizing responses.
Novel Semiconductor Quantum Devices Shaping Our Century [Guest Editorial] (2019)

The three articles in this special section report on novel and new semiconductor quantum devices. The responsible management of energy resources is an important concern. Effective measures for better management of energy resources are urgently needed as the world’s population increases and prosperity reaches more people. Novel semiconductor quantum devices hold the promise of enabling more-efficient energy conversion, the production of cheap and energy-saving integrated photonics, and reliable global connectivity and communication. Researchers across the world are racing to develop technologies that could potentially be worth billions of dollars and create hundreds of thousands of new jobs at all levels in society. However, even as the world economy grows, our planet is in peril, as the media constantly reminds us. One material class, the IIIAs/ P/N semiconductors, may hold the key to both efficiently managing resources and saving our planet.
Serum Fortilin is a Viable Biomarker of In Vivo Apoptosis (2015)

Apoptosis plays a critical role in many diseases including cancer and infectious diseases. The assessment of apoptosis occurring in the human body would allow clinicians to diagnose and treat these conditions. However, there is no sensitive and specific serum biomarker of apoptosis reported. Fortilin is a nuclear‐cytosolic shuttle protein with multifunctional implicated in various cellular functions. Since it is a potent anti‐apoptotic molecule and can be secreted into extracellular space via exosomes, we hypothesized that fortilin could be a viable serum biomarker of apoptosis occurring in vivo. Serum fortilin was quantified using ELISA in pre‐ and post‐treatment sera of patients with solid malignancies who were undergoing chemo‐ or radiation therapy, which trigger apoptosis in cancer tissue. The result showed that serum fortilin level was significantly elevated in patients who received anticancer therapy and more sensitive than cytochrome c, nucleosomal DNA, and fragmented cytokeratin‐18 biomarkers. Strikingly, serum fortilin level was elevated in the mouse model of apoptosis‐induced liver damage where Jo2 anti‐Fas antibody was administered to induce Fas‐mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. Moreover, fortilin was released from apoptosing Jurkat cell before plasma membrane integrity was compromised in a well‐defined Fas‐induced apoptosis. In conclusion, serum fortilin is a viable apoptosis biomarker which is secreted from apoptosing cells into the circulation, reflecting the degree of apoptosis occurring in vivo.
Evidence for Two Tissue-specific Pathways for In Vivo Thyroxine 5′-Deiodination in the Rat (1982)

Propylthiouracil (PTU) is a well known inhibitor of thyroxine (T(4)) to triiodothyronine (T(3)) conversion as evidenced by its effect in several in vitro systems and by the decrease in serum T(3) caused by this drug in either rats or man receiving T(4) replacement. However, the failure of PTU to decrease the intrapituitary T(3) concentration and to completely blunt the serum T(3) concentration in T(4)-replaced athyreotic rats suggest that there may be a PTU-insensitive pathway of T(4) to T(3) conversion in some tissues. To address this question, we have studied the in vivo effect of PTU treatment on the generation of [(125)I]T(3) from [(125)I]T(4) in the serum and cerebral cortex (Cx), cerebellum (Cm), liver (L), and anterior pituitary (P) of euthyroid rats. Whereas PTU decreased the concentration of [(125)I]T(3) in the serum, L homogenates, and L nuclei after [(125)I]T(4), it did not affect the concentration of [(125)I]T(3) in homogenates or nuclei of Cx, Cm, or P. Iopanoic acid pretreatment significantly reduced the [(125)I]T(3) concentration in serum, homogenates, and cell nuclei of all these organs. Neither agent affected the metabolism or tissue distribution of simultaneously injected [(131)I]T(3). The presence of PTU in these tissues was evaluated by in vitro assessment of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinating activity using both [(125)I]rT(3) and [(125)I]T(4) as substrates. In agreement with the in vivo findings, generation of [(125)I]T(3) from T(4) in vitro was not affected by PTU in Cx, Cm, P but it was inhibited by 76% in L. However, rT(3) 5'-deiodination, known to be sensitive to PTU in these tissues, was inhibited in all four indicating that the PTU given in vivo was present in significant amounts. These results demonstrate that in rat Cx, Cm, and P unlike liver, PTU does not inhibit T(4) to T(3) conversion in vivo despite the presence of the drug in the tissues in amounts that significantly inhibit reverse T(3) 5'-deiodination. These results show that in vivo 5'-deiodination of T(4) proceeds via a PTU-insensitive pathway in the central nervous system and pituitary, while this pathway is not quantitatively important in the L. This mechanism accounts for the "locally generated" T(3) in central nervous system and pituitary and could also provide the approximately one-third of extrathyroidally produced T(3) not blocked by PTU administration in athyreotic T(4)-replaced rat.
Mechanistic and Computational Studies of Exocyclic Stereocontrol in the Synthesis of Bryostatin-like Cis-2,6-Disubstituted 4-Alkylidenetetrahydropyrans by Prins Cyclization (2012)

The Prins cyclization of syn-β-hydroxy allylsilanes and aldehydes gives cis-2,6-disubstituted 4-alkylidenetetrahydropyrans as sole products in excellent yields regardless of the aldehyde (R″) or syn-β-hydroxy allylsilane substituent (R') used. By reversing the R″ and R' groups, complementary exocyclic stereocontrol can be achieved. When the anti-β-hydroxy allylsilanes are used, the Prins cyclization gives predominantly cis-2,6-disubstituted 4-alkylidenetetrahydropyrans, now with the opposite olefin geometry in excellent yield. The proposed reaction mechanism and the observed stereoselectivity for these processes are supported by DFT calculations.
Reflections on “Tempest and Typhoon: User-Level Shared Memory” (1999)

Tempest and Typhoon have emerged as among the most influential contributions of the Wisconsin Wind Tunnel project, a collaborative effort with Prof. Mark D. Hill, several staff members, and a large group of graduate students.
Populating the Abyss-Investigating More Efficient Orbits -or- "Getting More Miles to the Gallon for Your (Space) Vehicle" (2025)

Most satellites operating in orbit are spatially distributed in one of the following regions: LEO (below 600 nm and below), MEO (Molniya and GPS), and GEO (synchronous circular). Other than Molniya and a few similar systems, little use has been made of either elliptic orbits or the 'middle-ground' orbits lying between 600 nm and synchronous altitude. This paper explores the potential for exploiting these less populated regions and demonstrates that analyzing system optimization parametrically may in fact, also dictate an increasing interest in this new territory. A non-dimensional coverage parameter is presented which indicates that the 'efficiency' of an orbit may indeed be optimized for altitudes between 1000 to 10,000 nm. This factor usually appears to peak at slightly under 2000 nm. Elliptical orbits (requiring less booster energy than circular orbits of like period) can provide better coverage for specific geographical areas of interest by properly locating the apogee and by using repeating ground tracks. Although radiation has been a significant factor, a judicious choice of orbits coupled with advanced technologies to harden electronic circuits and solar cells may alleviate radiation effects. The increasing use of multi-satellite arrays, or constellations, demands that system costs be minimized; an obvious approach is to design for the minimum number of satellites (and boosters) required to satisfy the requirements.
Daisy Chain Transmitter for Power Reduction in Inductive-Coupling CMOS Link (2007)

A daisy chain of current-driven transmitters in inductive-coupling complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) links is presented. Transmitter power can be reduced since current is reused by multiple transmitters. Eight transceivers are arranged with a pitch of 20μm in 0.18 μm CMOS. Transmitter power is reduced by 35% without sacrificing either the data rate (1 Gb/s/ch) or BER (< 10 -12 ) by using a 4-transmitter daisy chain. A coding technique for efficient use of daisy chain transmitters is also proposed. With the proposed coding technique, additional power reduction can be achieved.
Expression of c- myc in Progenitor Cells of the Bronchopulmonary Epithelium and in a Large Number of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (1993)

We performed in situ hybridization for c-myc, N-myc, and L-myc mRNA expression using 35S-labeled cRNA probes on frozen sections of 19 pairs of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and the surrounding non-neoplastic lung tissue. In non-neoplastic lung, c-myc expression was strongest in bronchial epithelium basal cells and hyperplastic alveolar type II pneumocytes, which are potential progenitor cells for bronchopulmonary epithelium and their tumors. In contrast, N-myc and L-myc mRNAs were not detected in non-neoplastic lung. In studies of freshly resected primary tumors, expression of c-myc was detected in 11 of 19 NSCLC (with the highest levels in squamous cell carcinomas), two of which also expressed L-myc, while N-myc expression was never detected. Levels of c-myc expression in tumors were significantly higher than in non-neoplastic lung samples. We conclude that: (1) c-myc expression in non-neoplastic lung tissues is highest in bronchial basal cells and hyperplastic type II cells, and (2) in NSCLC, overexpression of the myc-proto-oncogene is common.
The use of non-invasive ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure in long term care setting: clinical experience in elderly patient (2020)

Background. Nowadays older patients with acute respiratory failure (ARF) leading to a severe respiratory acidosis are frequently ventilated using a non-invasive approach in intensive care unit (ICU). Current guidelines suggest that patients with more severe acidosis should be managed in a higher dependency area. However, the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is effective and safe in treating ARF in general wards in elderly. Case report. a 82 years old male patient was admitted to a long term care facility due to a severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Three days after the admission, he suffered of severe acute exacerbation of COPD leading to hypercapnic coma. NIV in Bi-PAP mode and standard medical therapy was started, taking into consideration the do-not-intubate order of the patient. His state of consciousness improved after 48 hours of NIV with decreasing of PaCO2 values and the patient was progressively weaned from the ventilator. Conclusions. NIV should be considered a successful approach even in unusual setting of long term facility. The choice of use NIV should be taken by multidisciplinary medical staff in a setting where nurses and medical team are trained in NIV protocol, in order to reduce ICU admission, intubation rates and mortality.
Cavity-enhanced emission from an ensemble of color centers in silicon (2022)

Optical quantum technologies require strong light-matter interaction. We couple silicon color center ensembles to high- Q/V cavities and show enhanced emission in the telecommunications O-band.