gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Possible basis for the emergence of H1N1 viruses with pandemic potential from avian hosts (2015)

Influenza A viruses of the H1N1 subtype have emerged from the avian influenza gene pool in aquatic birds and caused human pandemics at least twice during the past century. Despite this fact, surprisingly little is known about the H1N1 gene pool in the aquatic bird reservoir. A preliminary study showed that an H1N1 virus from a shorebird of the Charadriiformes order was transmitted between animals through the airborne route of infection, whereas an H1N1 virus from a bird of the Anseriformes order was not. Here we show that two of the three H1N1 viruses isolated from Charadriiformes species in 2009 were transmitted between animals through the airborne route of infection, and five H1N1 isolates from Anseriformes species were not. The one H1N1 virus from a Charadriiformes species that failed to transmit through the airborne route was a reassortant possessing multiple internal gene segments from Anseriformes species. The molecular differences between the airborne-transmissible and non-airborne-transmissible H1N1 viruses were multigenic, involving the selection of virus with human-like receptor-binding specificity (α2-6 sialic acid) and multiple differences in the polymerase complex, mainly in the PB2, PB1-F2, and nonstructural genes.
609. Acute-Phase Toxicity Following Systemic Administration of Non-Human Primate Derived Adenoviral Vectors to Mice (2006)

Non human primate (NHP) derived adenoviral vectors are currently being pursed as candidate vectors for vaccination in individuals with prior exposure to human adenoviruses. In the present study we monitored toxicity at different times following high dose systemic administration of NHP adenoviruses (AdC6, AdC7 and AdC9) to C57BL/6 mice. Vector administrations were usually accompanied by a transient leukopenia and thrombocytopenia that resolved by day 14. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of various tissues indicated presence of infiltrates primarily in the liver. In addition, serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) and aspartate amino transferase (AST) levels were elevated. However, vectors could be detected in a variety of tissues including liver, spleen, lung and bone marrow. Pro-inflammatory cytokines – notably IFN-α, IL-6, TNF-α and KC – were elevated within 2 hrs of vector administration and started to decline to baseline levels by 24 hrs. The profile and magnitude of cytokines induced by the NHP adenoviruses were different when compared to human Ad5. In particular, the levels of IL-6, TNF-α and IFN-α were substantially higher with NHP adenoviruses than with human Ad5. The increased activation of innate immunity observed with the NHP adenoviruses in mice was studied in vitro with two different types of human dendritic cells, monocytoid and plasmacytoid. In each case, the NHP adenoviruses resulted in increased production of inflammatory cytokines as compared to what was seen with human Ad5. Additional studies were performed in knockout mice (MyD88 KO and type I interferon receptor KO) to better understand the mechanisms that lead to the brisk activation of innate immunity with NHP adenoviruses. These studies suggest that NHP adenoviruses initiate an autocatalytic type I interferon response that augments the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6. The cellular receptors and signaling pathways responsible for these effects are under investigation.
Binding Affinity and Kinetic Analysis of Targeted Small Molecule-Modified Nanoparticles (2009)

Nanoparticles bearing surface-conjugated targeting ligands are increasingly being explored for a variety of biomedical applications. The multivalent conjugation of targeting ligands on the surface of nanoparticles is presumed to enhance binding to the desired target. However, given the complexities inherent in the interactions of nanoparticle surfaces with proteins, and the structural diversity of nanoparticle scaffolds and targeting ligands, our understanding of how conjugation of targeting ligands affects nanoparticle binding remains incomplete. Here, we use surface plasmon resonance (SPR) to directly and quantitatively study the affinity and binding kinetics of nanoparticles that display small molecules conjugated to their surface. We studied the interaction between a single protein target and a structurally related series of targeting ligands whose intrinsic affinity varies over a 4500-fold range and performed SPR at protein densities that reflect endogenous receptor densities. We report that even weak small molecule targeting ligands can significantly enhance target-specific avidity (by up to 4 orders of magnitude) through multivalent interactions and also observe a much broader range of kinetic effects than has been previously reported. Quantitative measurement of how the affinity and kinetics of nanoparticle binding vary as a function of different surface conjugations is a rapid, generalizable approach to nanoparticle characterization that can inform the design of nanoparticles for biomedical applications.
CO2 sorption in poly(ethylene terephthalate) above and below the glass transition (1978)

Abstract High‐pressure CO 2 sorption data in semicrystalline poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are presented for temperatures ranging from 25 to 115°C. The results are described by Henry's law above the glass‐transition temperature of PET, while a dual‐mode sorption model comprised of a Henry's law and a Langmuir isotherm applies in the glassy state. The disappearance of the Langmuir capacity of the polymer above T g presumably results from the elimination of regions of localized lower density which are frozen into the glass upon quenching from the rubbery state. Exposure of PET to a high CO 2 pressure produced a systematic variation in the apparent sorption equilibria. Correlation of the Langmuir capacity of PET with the dilatometric parameters of the polymer provides a useful framework for understanding the origin of the Langmuir sorption mode and for interpreting annealing and conditioning effects in glassy polymers.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis after transplantation of positively selected CD34+ cells from HLA-mismatched donors (1998)

MIYOSHI, HIROKO MD; TANAKA-TAYA, KEIKO MD; NAGAE, YASUNOBU MD; AONO, TOSHIYA MS; FUJISAKI, HIROYUKI MD; MATSUDA, YOSHIKO MD; OSUGI, YUKO MD; HARA, JUNICHI MD; MORI, YASUKO MD; SUNAGAWA, TOMIMASA MD; TANO, YASUO MD; OKADA, SHINTARO MD; YAMANISHI, KOICHI MD Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Step Syntheses of Macrocyclic Compounds: A Short Review (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantitative analysis of the molding of nanostructures (2000)

Mass fabrication processes such as injection molding and hot embossing are highly suitable for the replication of micro- and nanostructures. They require thermoplastic polymers with good molding properties at moderate process temperatures. We show a quantitative approach to the analysis of the molding properties of polymers in the nanorange in which the parameters are most important for achieving good replication fidelity. With this information we were able to fabricate high precision calibration chips for scanning probe microscopes.
Polarization measurement with space-variant retarders in liquid crystal polymers (2011)

We present a real-time polarization measurement method with a space-variant phase retarder in liquid crystal polymers. This retarder presents a continuous and periodical variation of its optical axis orientation. The method computes the Stokes parameters of an incident beam by studying the intensity distribution after the retarder and a linear polarizer. This paper contains the mathematical modelization, the numerical simulation, the description of the experimental setup, the results for several completely polarized beams and the future developments of this method.
Hfe Acts in Hepatocytes To Prevent Hemochromatosis. (2007)

Abstract Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a prevalent, potentially fatal disorder hallmarked by intestinal iron hyperabsorption, hyperferremia and hepatic iron overload. In both humans and mice, type I HH is associated with mutations in the ubiquitously expressed HFE/Hfe gene. To understand the molecular mechanism(s) underlying HH and to identify the cell type in which Hfe acts to prevent HH we generated mice with tissue-specific Hfe ablations. We demonstrate that hepatocyte-specific Hfe deficiency fully recapitulates the phenotype observed in Hfe−/− mice with severe liver iron accumulation, reduced splenic iron content, increased Tf saturation, hyperferremia and reduced hepcidin expression. These findings unambiguously and directly show that Hfe acts in hepatocytes to prevent hemochromatosis.
Characterization of the nature of shear-induced agglomerates as hard and soft in chemical mechanical polishing slurries (2019)

The nature of agglomerates either hard or soft could determine the kind of defects created during the chemical mechanical planarization/polishing process. To understand the nature of shear-induced agglomerates, the silica slurry at different pH is subjected to high shear rate and time to form agglomerates. Subsequently, these stressed slurry samples are subjected to low shear rates 100–1000 s−1 for time 100–1000 s, corresponding to the conditions for which de-agglomeration is observed. Based on the comparison of percentage de-agglomeration in stressed versus as-received slurries, it is qualitatively shown that agglomerates formed due to shear-induced agglomeration in basic pH slurries are soft agglomerates, whereas those formed in neutral and acidic pH slurries are hard agglomerates. Also, between neutral and acidic pH slurries, shear-induced agglomerates in acidic pH slurry are relatively strongly held than the ones that are formed in neutral pH slurries. Subsequently, the nature of agglomerates was compared to defectivity and surface roughness trend of BD1 low-k wafers in silica slurries at different pH from the previous work.
A leopard never changes its spots: Development of colonic adenocarcinoma in an Indiana Pouch (2020)

Colonic adenocarcinoma of a urinary diversion is rare. We report a case of a 70 year-old woman who developed such a malignancy 12 years after creation of an Indiana pouch urinary diversion for treatment of urothelial carcinoma of the bladder cancer.
New technique for measuring sulfuric acid in air. Paper 81. 47. 7 (1981)

A method is described for detecting the sulfuric acid in real time in air containing sulfur dioxide from fossil fuel combustion. A mass spectrometer system is used to detect trace organic and inorganic compounds. The system responds rapidly, with a lag of only 2 seconds. 9 refs.
BEYOND HAMILTONIAN: CHAOTIC ADVECTION IN A THREE-DIMENSIONAL VOLUME PRESERVING FLOW (2012)

The notion that smooth, regular flows can generate complex flow trajectories via chaotic advection has widespread implications for fluid transport. Due to the analogy with Hamiltonian dynamics, almost everything is known regarding chaotic advection in 2D flow. Conversely, much less is known regarding 3D flow, chiefly due to breakdown of the Hamiltonian analogy and the explosion of possible Lagrangian topologies. The bestiary of 3D dynamics is only beginning to be uncovered, and a quantitative framework is yet to be fully developed. Furthermore, volume-preserving particle tracking methods in 3D which preserve the conservative nature of the dynamical system are less well-developed than their counterparts for 2D flow. We study chaotic advection in a 3D potential flow, and develop a highly efficient 3D volume-preserving method for the advection equation. The Lagrangian topology of this flow is elucidated, and mechanisms governing global transport identified.
Truncated Azinomycin Analogues Intercalate into DNA. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Small-Molecule Antiviral β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine Inhibits a Proofreading-Intact Coronavirus with a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance (2020)

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have emerged from animal reservoirs to cause severe and lethal disease in humans, but there are currently no FDA-approved antivirals to treat the infections. One class of antiviral compounds, nucleoside analogues, mimics naturally occurring nucleosides to inhibit viral replication. While these compounds have been successful therapeutics for several viral infections, mutagenic nucleoside analogues, such as ribavirin and 5-fluorouracil, have been ineffective at inhibiting CoVs. This has been attributed to the proofreading activity of the viral 3′-5′ exoribonuclease (ExoN). β-d-N4-Hydroxycytidine (NHC) (EIDD-1931; Emory Institute for Drug Development) has recently been reported to inhibit multiple viruses. Here, we demonstrate that NHC inhibits both murine hepatitis virus (MHV) (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.17 μM) and Middle East respiratory syndrome CoV (MERS-CoV) (EC50 = 0.56 μM) with minimal cytotoxicity. NHC inhibited MHV lacking ExoN proofreading activity similarly to wild-type (WT) MHV, suggesting an ability to evade or overcome ExoN activity. NHC inhibited MHV only when added early during infection, decreased viral specific infectivity, and increased the number and proportion of G:A and C:U transition mutations present after a single infection. Low-level NHC resistance was difficult to achieve and was associated with multiple transition mutations across the genome in both MHV and MERS-CoV. These results point to a virus-mutagenic mechanism of NHC inhibition in CoVs and indicate a high genetic barrier to NHC resistance. Together, the data support further development of NHC for treatment of CoVs and suggest a novel mechanism of NHC interaction with the CoV replication complex that may shed light on critical aspects of replication. IMPORTANCE The emergence of coronaviruses (CoVs) into human populations from animal reservoirs has demonstrated their epidemic capability, pandemic potential, and ability to cause severe disease. However, no antivirals have been approved to treat these infections. Here, we demonstrate the potent antiviral activity of a broad-spectrum ribonucleoside analogue, β-d-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), against two divergent CoVs. Viral proofreading activity does not markedly impact sensitivity to NHC inhibition, suggesting a novel interaction between a nucleoside analogue inhibitor and the CoV replicase. Further, passage in the presence of NHC generates only low-level resistance, likely due to the accumulation of multiple potentially deleterious transition mutations. Together, these data support a mutagenic mechanism of inhibition by NHC and further support the development of NHC for treatment of CoV infections.
Classical to Quantum Transitions in Multilayer Plasmonic Metamaterials (2019)

We demonstrate that classical-to-quantum transition of free electron plasma can be used to as a doping-independent parameter controlling optical topology of metamaterials and present a comprehensive description of this phenomenon. © 2019 The Author(s)
5G and LTE-TDD Synchronized Coexistence with Blind Retransmission and Mini-Slot Uplink (2020)

The fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) cellular system promises a significant increase in capacity with reduced latency. However, the 5G NR system will be deployed along with legacy cellular systems such as the long-term evolution (LTE). Scarcity of spectrum resources in low frequency bands motivates adjacent-/co-carrier deployments. This approach comes with a wide range of practical benefits and it improves spectrum utilization by re-using the LTE bands. However, such deployments restrict the 5G NR flexibility in terms of frame allocations to avoid the most critical mutual adjacent-channel interference. This in turns prevents achieving the promised 5G NR latency figures. In this we paper, we tackle this issue by proposing to use the mini-slot uplink feature of 5G NR to perform uplink acknowledgment and feedback to reduce the frame latency with selective blind retransmission to overcome the effect of interference. Extensive system-level simulations under realistic scenarios show that the proposed solution can reduce the peak frame latency for feedback and acknowledgment up to 33% and for retransmission by up to 25% at a marginal cost of an up to 3% reduction in throughput.
Degradation mechanisms in electronic mold compounds subjected to high temperature in neighborhood of 200&#x00B0;C (2014)

Plastic encapsulated microelectronics (PEMs) has found wide spread applications in automotive environments for varied roles. Transition to hybrid electric vehicles and fully electric vehicles has increased the trend towards greater integration of electronics in automotive under hood environments. Electronics in such applications may be mounted directly on engine and on transmission. Electronics under hood may be subjected to temperatures in neighborhood of 200°C. Commercially available PEMs are able to operate in the neighborhood of 175°C. However, sustained operation at temperatures of 200°C or higher is beyond the state of art. Materials and processing techniques needed for sustained high temperature operation for 10 years and 100,000 miles of vehicle operation are yet unknown. There is need for studies for understanding the failure mechanisms of PEMs at sustained high temperature. In this paper, new approach is discussed to study physical and chemical stability of molding compound when it is subjected to very high temperature for prolonged duration. Four mold compound candidates were selected for test purpose. They were subjected to thermal aging at 200°C and 250°C, for 5000 hours. For degradation study, bulk mold compound specimens as well as 20 pin SOIC devices, encapsulated with MC candidates were used. Test vehicle was bonded with gold wires, and Pd coated Al pad. For bulk mold compound samples, weight loss test, DMA, FTIR, XPS tests were performed at fixed time intervals. To study integrity of SOIC devices, resistance spectroscopy, x-ray inspection and current leakage tests were selected. Another set was subjected to 120 hours of aging at 130°C/100%RH condition to check leakage current. Performance of MC candidates at high temperature was evaluated using all these tests. Sensitivity of each test towards detecting degradation of EMC's is also discussed and most effective tests are suggested.
Preparation and Properties of Antibody Directed Specifically Against the Neuraminidase of Influenza Virus (1967)

Summary Antiserum was prepared against a recombinant influenza virus possessing A0 (NWS strain) type hemagglutinin and A2 (RI/5+) type neuraminidase. This antiserum was absorbed sequentially with NWS and A2 viruses and antibody directed against A2 type neuraminidase was then dissociated from the A2 virus. This antibody had no activity against the hemagglutinin activity of A0, A1 and A2 influenza viruses or against the infectivity of A0 and A1 viruses. It neutralized the enzyme activity of A2 but not A0 or A1 type influenza viruses. Anti-enzyme antibody caused apparent neutralization of the infectivity of influenza viruses possessing A2 type neuraminidase providing that the antibody was allowed to remain in contact with the cells during the test period. This antibody did not prevent infection of susceptible cells but apparently prevented the release of detectable levels of hemagglutinin. It had no effect on the infectivity of an A2 type recombinant virus that lacked neuraminidase activity.
Intrinsic TNFR2 signaling in T regulatory cells provides protection in CNS autoimmunity (2018)

TNF is a multifunctional cytokine involved in autoimmune disease pathogenesis that exerts its effects through two distinct TNF receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. While TNF- and TNFR1-deficient (but not TNFR2-deficient) mice show very similar phenotypes, the significance of TNFR2 signaling in health and disease remains incompletely understood. Recent studies implicated the importance of the TNF/TNFR2 axis in T regulatory (T<sub>reg</sub>) cell functions. To definitively ascertain the significance of TNFR2 signaling, we generated and validated doubly humanized TNF/TNFR2 mice, with the option of conditional inactivation of TNFR2. These mice carry a functional human TNF-TNFR2 (hTNF-hTNFR2) signaling module and provide a useful tool for comparative evaluation of TNF-directed biologics. Conditional inactivation of TNFR2 in FoxP3<sup>+</sup> cells in doubly humanized TNF/TNFR2 mice down-regulated the expression of T<sub>reg</sub> signature molecules (such as FoxP3, CD25, CTLA-4, and GITR) and diminished T<sub>reg</sub> suppressive function in vitro. Consequently, T<sub>reg</sub>-restricted TNFR2 deficiency led to significant exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), accompanied by reduced capacity to control Th17-mediated immune responses. Our findings expose the intrinsic and beneficial effects of TNFR2 signaling in T<sub>reg</sub> cells that could translate into protective functions in vivo, including treatment of autoimmunity.
Multi Loss Fusion For Matching Smartphone Captured Contactless Finger Images (2021)

Traditional fingerprint authentication requires the acquisition of data through touch-based specialized sensors. However, due to many hygienic concerns including the global spread of the COVID virus through contact with a surface has led to an increased interest in contactless fingerprint image acquisition methods. Matching fingerprints acquired using contactless imaging against contact-based images brings up the problem of performing cross modal fingerprint matching for identity verification. In this paper, we propose a cost-effective, highly accurate and secure end-to-end contactless fingerprint recognition solution. The proposed framework first segments the finger region from an image scan of the hand using a mobile phone camera. For this purpose, we developed a cross-platform mobile application for fingerprint enrollment, verification, and authentication keeping security, robustness, and accessibility in mind. The segmented finger images go through fingerprint enhancement to highlight discriminative ridge-based features. A novel deep convolutional network is proposed to learn a representation from the enhanced images based on the optimization of various losses. The proposed algorithms for each stage are evaluated on multiple publicly available contactless databases. Our matching accuracy and the associated security employed in the system establishes the strength of the proposed solution framework.
Ternary Exciplexes for High Efficiency Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Self‐Energy Transfer (2019)

Abstract Ternary exciplexes with an external quantum efficiency of 17.5% are developed by mixing a p‐type donor material, an n‐type acceptor material, and a donor–acceptor type material together. In the ternary mixture, the n‐type donor generates exciplexes with the p‐type donor and the donor–acceptor type material at the same time. Two different exciplexes with dissimilar emission wavelengths are formed and the emission of the high‐energy exciplex is transferred to the low‐energy exciplex by energy transfer. The high‐energy exciplex and low‐energy exciplex work as a host and dopant in the emitting layer, respectively. The internal exciplex‐to‐exciplex energy transfer induces efficient emission of the low‐energy exciplex, resulting in high efficiency of 17.5% in the exciplex device. This is the first demonstration of self‐energy transfer in the exciplex and the efficiency of the ternary exciplexes is one of the best quantum efficiencies achieved in the exciplex organic light‐emitting diodes.