gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Peptide Polymeric Silicatein α Mimic for Neutral pH Catalysis in the Formation of Silica (2007)

We have synthesized a catalytically active polymer inspired by the naturally occurring protein silicatein α and have shown it to catalyze the formation of silica from tetraethoxysilane under near-neutral pH and ambient temperatures. We based the composition of the polymer on the functionalities found in silicatein α, specifically those essential components of the catalytically active site for the hydrolysis of silicon alkoxides. Our bioinspired polymer is a block copolymer of poly(2-vinylpyridine-b-1,2-butadiene), functionalized by the addition of hydroxyl groups via hydroboration chemistry. The catalytic action of our polymer on tetraethoxysilane at neutral pH and ambient temperature conditions has been confirmed using a modified molybdic acid assay method, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the resulting gel is investigated by scanning electron microscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance. The microscopic features of the material formed resemble that of gels formed by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane.
Bacteriorhodopsin Thin-Film Assemblies—Immobilization, Properties, and Applications (1999)

Supramolecular assembly of optically active materials into thin film architectures is a topic of significant practical importance. Improving the optical functionality and stability compared to the bulk state of typically fragile biological molecules is a driving force for work in this area. Here, the photocycle of Bacteriorhodopsin (bR, see Fig), and the immobilization methods used to generate thin film structures of bR are reviewed, potential applications are presented, and the controversial mechanism of the differential photoelectric response of bR is discussed.
HLA-Bw4-I-80 Isoform Differentially Influences Clinical Outcome As Compared to HLA-Bw4-T-80 and HLA-A-Bw4 Isoforms in Rituximab or Dinutuximab-Based Cancer Immunotherapy (2017)

Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a family of glycoproteins expressed primarily on natural killer cells that can regulate their function. Inhibitory KIRs recognize MHC class I molecules (KIR-ligands) as ligands. We have reported associations of KIRs and KIR-ligands for patients in two monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based trials: (1) A Children's Oncology Group (COG) trial for children with high-risk neuroblastoma randomized to immunotherapy treatment with dinutuximab (anti-GD2 mAb) + GM-CSF + IL-2 + isotretinion or to treatment with isotretinoin alone and (2) An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) trial for adults with low-tumor burden follicular lymphoma responding to an induction course of rituximab (anti-CD20 mAb) and randomized to treatment with maintenance rituximab or no-maintenance rituximab. In each trial, certain KIR/KIR-ligand genotypes were associated with clinical benefit for patients randomized to immunotherapy treatment (immunotherapy in COG; maintenance rituximab in ECOG) as compared to patients that did not receive the immunotherapy [isotretinoin alone (COG); no-maintenance (ECOG)]. Namely, patients with both KIR3DL1 and its HLA-Bw4 ligand (KIR3DL1+/HLA-Bw4+ genotype) had improved clinical outcomes if randomized to immunotherapy regimens, as compared to patients with the KIR3DL1+/HLA-Bw4+ genotype randomized to the non-immunotherapy regimen. Conversely, patients that did not have the KIR3DL1+/HLA-Bw4+ genotype showed no evidence of a difference in outcome if receiving the immunotherapy vs. no-immunotherapy. For each trial, HLA-Bw4 status was determined by assessing the genotypes of three separate isoforms of HLA-Bw4: (1) HLA-B-Bw4 with threonine at amino acid 80 (B-Bw4-T80); (2) HLA-B-Bw4 with isoleucine at amino acid 80 (HLA-B-Bw4-I80); and (3) HLA-A with a Bw4 epitope (HLA-A-Bw4). Here, we report on associations with clinical outcome for patients with KIR3DL1 and these separate isoforms of HLA-Bw4. Patients randomized to immunotherapy with KIR3DL1+/A-Bw4+ or with KIR3DL1+/B-Bw4-T80+ had better outcome vs. those randomized to no-immunotherapy, whereas for those with KIR3DL1+/B-Bw4-I80+ there was no evidence of a difference based on immunotherapy vs. no-immunotherapy. Additionally, we observed differences within treatment types (either within immunotherapy or no-immunotherapy) that were associated with the genotype status for the different KIR3DL1/HLA-Bw4-isoforms. These studies suggest that specific HLA-Bw4 isoforms may differentially influence response to these mAb-based immunotherapy, further confirming the involvement of KIR-bearing cells in tumor-reactive mAb-based cancer immunotherapy.
Deterministic small‐scale undulations of image‐based risk predictions from the deep learning of lung tumors in motion (2022)

An image-based DL risk score derived from a series of 4D CT images varies in a deterministic, sinusoidal trajectory in a phase with the respiratory cycle. These results indicate that DL models of tumors in motion can be robust to fluctuations in object appearance due to movement and can guide standardization processes in the clinical translation of DL models for patients with lung cancer.
Unusual properties of metastable (Ga,In)(N,As) containing semiconductor structures (2003)

An overview is presented of experimental and theoretical work on band structure aspects of (Ga,In)(N,As) and Ga(N,As) quantum well structures and epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE). The evolution of unusual band structure and phonon features in GaNxAs1−x with increasing x caused by the impurity character of nitrogen in GaAs is discussed. Hydrogenation of Ga(N,As) allows one to virtually switch off the N-induced changes of the band structure and the vibrational modes. A strong blue shift up to about 100 meV of the bandgap of quaternary samples is observed on thermal annealing. The magnitude of the blue shift depends strongly on In and N concentrations as well as on the growth and annealing conditions. Raman spectra of MOVPE-grown (Ga,In)(N,As) epitaxial layers reveal local In–N and Ga–N modes. On annealing, the intensity ratios of the local modes change, indicating a rearrangement of the nitrogen nearest-neighbour environments from Ga-rich to In-rich environments. Tight binding calculations suggest that this might contribute strongly to the observed blue shift. Other possible contributions to the blue shift are also discussed.
P4‐530: PHOSPHORYLATED TAU INTERACTOME IN THE HUMAN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BRAIN (2019)

Accumulation of phosphorylated tau (pTau) is a key pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. pTau accumulation causes synaptic impairment, neuronal dysfunction and formation of neurofibrillary tangles. The pathological actions of pTau are likely mediated by surrounding neuronal proteins, however our knowledge of the specific proteins that pTau interacts with in Alzheimer's disease is surprisingly limited. Therefore, the aim of this study was to comprehensively map the pTau interactome for the first time. We used two complementary proteomics approaches to map the pTau interactome. First, quantitative proteomics was performed on neurofibrillary tangles microdissected from patients with advanced Alzheimer's disease (n=7 cases). Second, affinity purification-mass spectrometry was used to identify which of these proteins specifically bound to PHF1-immunoreactive pTau in the Alzheimer's disease brain (n=5 cases). 542 proteins were identified in neurofibrillary tangles. The abundant detection of proteins known to be present in neurofibrillary tangles including tau, ubiquitin, neurofilament proteins, ApoE and CDK5 validated our approach. Affinity purification-mass spectrometry confirmed that 75 of these 542 proteins were pTau binding partners. 34 proteins had been identified in previous studies to interact with pTau. More excitingly, an additional 34 proteins had previously been associated with Alzheimer's disease, but not linked directly to tau (e.g. synaptic protein VAMP2, RNA binding protein HNRNPA1), therefore we provide new evidence that their role in Alzheimer's disease likely involves their interaction with pTau. In addition, we also identified 7 novel proteins, not previously known to be associated with Alzheimer's disease or with tau. Network analysis showed that the pTau interactome was enriched in proteins involved in phagosome maturation and the protein ubiquitination pathway. Importantly, we were able to pinpoint the specific proteins that pTau interacts with in these pathways for the first time, therefore providing novel pathogenic mechanisms that can be explored in future studies. We present the first comprehensive analysis of the pTau interactome in the human Alzheimer's disease brain. These results reveal novel potential drug targets for the treatment of tauopathies and provide insight into how pTau mediates its pathological effects in Alzheimer's disease.
Ultrafast optical modulation of an exchange biased ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayer (1998)

Time-resolved magneto-optical Kerr techniques are employed to study optically induced ultrafast modulation in an antiferromagnetic (AF) exchange biased ferromagnetic (FM) thin epitaxial bilayer (NiFe/NiO). The interface region between the antiferromagnetic NiO and coupled ferromagnetic NiFe layers is photoexcited with femtosecond laser pulses, following which the transient magneto-optical response of the NiFe layer is measured. When compared with optically induced effects on ``bare'' epitaxial NiFe thin films, we observe a large enhancement to the transient Kerr effect in the exchange biased bilayers, interpreted as a modulation of the AF/FM exchange coupling on a picosecond timescale.
Ingestion of a novel galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide-arabinoxylan (GGMO-AX) complex affected growth performance and fermentative and immunological characteristics of broiler chicks challenged with Salmonella typhimurium (2012)

Fermentable carbohydrates may enhance the ability of the gastrointestinal tract to defend against a pathogenic infection. We hypothesized that a galactoglucomannan oligosaccharide-arabinoxylan (GGMO-AX) complex would positively affect immune status and prevent colonization and shedding in Salmonella typhimurium-infected chicks. Using a completely randomized design, 1-d-old commercial broiler chicks (n = 240 chicks; 4 replications/treatment; 5 chicks/replication) were assigned to 1 of 6 dietary treatments differing in concentration of GGMO-AX (0, 1, 2, or 4%) or containing 2% Safmannan or 2% short-chain fructooligosaccharides. Cellulose was used to make diets iso-total dietary fiber. On d 10 posthatch, an equal number of chicks on each diet were inoculated with either phosphate-buffered saline (sham control) or Salmonella typhimurium (1 × 10(8) cfu). All birds were euthanized on d 10 postinoculation (PI) for collection of intestinal contents and select tissues. Body weight gain and feed intake of chicks were greater (P < 0.05) in infected chicks PI for all time periods, except for weight gain on d 0 to 3 PI. Gain:feed was affected (P < 0.05) by diet, with Safmannan-fed chicks having the highest G:F and 1% GGMO-AX-fed chicks having the lowest. The GGMO-AX substrate demonstrated effects similar to a prebiotic substrate as indicated by increased cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, decreased cecal pH, and increased populations of Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacteria spp. as dietary GGMO-AX concentration increased. Excreta Salmonella typhimurium populations on d 5 and 10 PI, and ileal and cecal Salmonella typhimurium populations, tended to be affected (P < 0.10) by the main effect of diet. Messenger RNA expression of IFN-γ in the cecal tonsils was the only cytokine independently affected by infection and diet (P < 0.01). Chicks fed 2 and 4% GGMO-AX had similar expressions of IFN-γ and IL-1β, regardless of infection, suggesting that Salmonella typhimurium virulence was suppressed. Dietary supplementation with GGMO-AX resulted in prebiotic-like effects but did not limit Salmonella typhimurium intestinal colonization or shedding, but possibly decreased the virulence of Salmonella typhimurium within the digestive tract.
THE ROLE OF HOSPITAL MOBILE MEDICAL TEAMS AT A MAJOR ACCIDENT (1982)

Despite an apparently adequate major accident plan which had been used successfully on two previous occassions, considerable difficulties were experienced by the mobile medical teams at the Moorgate tube train accident, London, England, February 28, 1975. In this article, the authors attempt to describe the role and organization of mobile medical teams, placing particular emphasis on a simple and flexible plan.
Thermionic Conversion (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Background Work Function Modes of Operation Conversion Efficiency Types of Thermionic Converters Engineering Aspects of Thermionic Conversion Application to Space Electric Power Generation Application to Terrestrial Space Electric Power Generation
Nucleoside analogues. Synthesis of 2′,3′-dideoxy and 2′,3′-unsaturated ribofuranonucleosides of 5,6-dichloro-2-mercaptobenzimidazole as potential antiviral agents (1994)

Novel benzimidazole nucleoside derivatives structurally related to 5,6-dichloro-1-(β-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole (DRB) and to tetrahydroimidazobenzodiazepinethione (TIBO) compounds have been synthesized and their antiviral properties examined. The 2′,3′-unsaturated nucleoside was obtained following chemical transformations of the corresponding β-D-ribofuranonucleoside, whereas the 2′,3′-dideoxynucleoside was synthesized by a glycosylation reaction between a suitably protected 2,3-dideoxy-D-glycero-pentofuranose and silylated 5,6-dichloro-2-mercaptobenzimidazole. The prepared compounds were tested for their activity against HIV and against a variety of RNA and DNA viruses, but they did not show significant antiviral activity.
Reply to Osterholm and Kelley: H5N1 in humans—the threat is not as bad as it may seem (2012)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Novel Offset Complementary Split Ring Resonators on Narrow-wall of Waveguides for HPM Applications (2021)

A novel offset Metamaterial-based complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) and its characteristic behavior on the narrow wall of a rectangular waveguide is considered, for the advancement and implementation of high-power microwave (HPM) antennas, operable at L-Band along with other potential frequencies. The architecture improves the properties of traditional slots and split ring resonators (SRRs) mounted on the narrow wall of selected waveguides (radius&#x003D; 24mm, thickness&#x003D;3.5mm, chord&#x003D;0.8., offset&#x003D;2.7mm)., with their designated frequency regimes. The inter-spacing and offset tuning of the array elements have core effects on mechanical strength, coupling, phase, radiation efficiency, as well negative index properties. The design supports high tunability for adaptation on other architectures, as well as decent phase consistency with THz prospects.
Surfactant protein A modulates release of reactive oxygen species from alveolar macrophages (1994)

The production and release of reactive oxygen species (the respiratory burst) is a common metabolic pathway linked to several macrophage-related reactions. The most abundant surfactant protein A (SP-A) binds to alveolar macrophages (AM) through a specific surface receptor with high affinity. Because such binding might initiate or modulate the respiratory burst, we wanted to know whether and how SP-A affects the oxygen radical release from AM. To answer these questions, we measured the release of reactive oxygen species from rat AM under various in vitro conditions using enhanced chemiluminescence systems. We prepared SP-A from pulmonary surfactant isolated either from silica-treated rats or adult dogs. Resident AM were harvested from pathogen-free Wistar rats by lung lavage. Adhered and nonadhered AM were assessed on protein-free or protein-coated surfaces of 96-well microtiter plates. On protein-free surfaces, the sole addition of SP-A failed to induce measurable oxygen radical release from 2 x 10(5) adhered or nonadhered AM, while zymosan opsonized with SP-A induced a marked increase over control. On protein-coated surfaces, AM respond differently depending on the coated protein: on SP-A-coated surfaces, a dose-dependent enhancement of oxygen radical release with a mean effective concentration of approximately 1.15 micrograms/ml was found. No such enhancement was seen on plates coated with similar amounts of either human fibronectin or collagen, and the enhancement with serum albumin was not dose related. Our data demonstrate that SP-A only enhances oxygen radical release from AM if SP-A is fixed to zymosan or the surface of the reaction vial in vitro.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enhanced illustration using Magic Lens filters (1997)

In computerized 2.5D illustration systems such as Adobe Illustrator or CorelDraw, users construct pictures by layering geometrical shapes and specifying graphical properties such as line width, fill color, and transparency. In these systems, the act of applying a graphical property is closely tied to the way the individual objects in the design are constructed. For example, filled regions must be explicitly constructed and closed. Line and fill properties must be applied to complete outlines or line segments. Transformations can only be applied to complete objects or groups of objects. The designer must always plan to create object boundaries to define the extent of any visual effect. Effects that appear to cross object boundaries require the introduction of extra shapes and boundaries into the picture. We describe the value of including spatially bounded visual filters, called Magic Lens filters, as integrated elements in graphical illustrations. Because the effect of a Magic Lens filter is visible only within the lens' boundary, the extent of this effect can be manipulated independently of the boundaries of the objects seen through it. This adds a new design element to the standard illustration system paradigm, making many forms of illustration easier to create. Magic Lens filters were introduced in 1993 as components of see-through user interfaces (E.A. Bier et al., 1993).
Pulmonary Delivery of Novel Therapies (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Drug targeting Removal of aerosol particles from the lung Barriers to drug absorption from the lung Specific proteins Conclusions References
Forming-free resistive switching characteristics of manganese oxide and cerium oxide bilayers with crossbar array structure (2018)

The fabrication of a manganese oxide and cerium oxide bilayer structure with a 5 × 5 crossbar array was demonstrated. The resistive switching characteristics of Ag/MnO/CeO2/Pt devices were investigated. The devices showed stable forming-free bipolar resistive switching properties with high resistance ratio (>105–6). Resistive switching phenomena were ascribed to the formation and rupture of oxygen-deficient conductive filaments. The mechanisms of ohmic and Schottky conductions were investigated to determine the resistance switching mechanism.
FAst Segmentation Through SURface Fairing (FASTSURF): A novel semi-automatic hippocampus segmentation method (2019)

FASTSURF segmentations have high accuracy and require only a fraction of the delineation effort of fully manual segmentation. Atrophy rate quantification based on completely manual segmentation is well reproduced by FASTSURF. Therefore, FASTSURF is a promising tool to be implemented in clinical workflow, provided a future prospective validation confirms our findings.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Immunotargeting of Antigen xCT Attenuates Stem-like Cell Behavior and Metastatic Progression in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Analysis of the cellular response induced by anti-xCT vaccination&lt;/p&gt;
A Low Cost Scheme for Reducing Silent Data Corruption in Large Arithmetic Circuits (2008)

Aggressive scaling of CMOS transistors in last four decades has resulted in circuits with progressively higher packing density, increased switching speed, and higher power density. However in future, CMOS technology nodes are predicted to suffer from greater intermediate to long-term reliability and circuit marginality problems. To address these problems researchers have proposed the usage of redundant circuits to detect and, in some cases, to correct transient or permanent field failures. The proposed solutions target 100% of circuit errors but are expensive in terms of area and more importantly power overhead, some times exceeding 200%. In this paper, we investigate a flexible, lower-overhead error detection scheme that provides trade-off between reliability and circuit overhead in terms of area, performance, and power. Simulation studies on a 32-bit multiplier circuit show that this scheme can provide greater than 90% fault coverage with 15 to 20% area overhead including overhead for the comparator circuitry. Additionally, the redundant portion of the circuit can be turned off when concurrent checking is not critical, resulting in power savings. Currently, mainstream desktop processors use low-cost error detection schemes in busses, IOs and sometimes in embedded memories to reduce likelihood of silent data corruption (SDC). The discussed approach provides significant reduction in likelihood of silent data corruption in generally unprotected arithmetic circuits at a small cost.
Multifunctional cotton fabric: Antimicrobial and durable press (2011)

Abstract 2‐Amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol (AMP) was coated onto cotton fabric with 1,2,3,4‐butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) as a crosslinking agent to simultaneously impart antimicrobial and durable‐press functionalities. The coatings were characterized and confirmed by attenuated total reflectance–IR and thermogravimetric analysis. The coated fabrics were rendered biocidal upon exposure to dilute household bleach, and the chlorinated swatches exhibited about 6 log reductions of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Staphylococcus aureus within 5 min of contact time. A concentration of 1.5 wt % AMP was sufficient to produce this biocidal efficacy. Increasing the BTCA content of the coating improved the wrinkle recovery angle. The coatings were very stable toward repeated laundering, and they exhibited sufficient halogen storage stabilities for industrial applications. A photolytic decomposition was observed when the coatings were exposed to UVA light. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Enhanced Single Photon Emission by Diamond-Plasmon Nanostructures (2011)

We demonstrate plasmon-enhanced single photon emission by NV centers in diamond nanoposts embedded in silver. The resulting hybrid structures exhibit six-fold enhancements in spontaneous emission with increased single photon counts.