gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐hydroxy‐4‐substituted Pyridines via Regioselective Metalation of 3‐(1‐Ethylpropyl)[1,3]oxazolo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐2(3H)‐one and Application to Corticotropin Releasing Factor1 Receptor Ligands. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SwitchBack (2015)

Smartphones and tablets are often used in dynamic environments that force users to break focus and attend to their surroundings, creating a form of "situational impairment." Current mobile devices have no ability to sense when users divert or restore their attention, let alone provide support for resuming tasks. We therefore introduce SwitchBack, a system that allows mobile device users to resume tasks more efficiently. SwitchBack is built upon Focus and Saccade Tracking (FAST), which uses the front-facing camera to determine when the user is looking and how their eyes are moving across the screen. In a controlled study, we found that FAST can identify how many lines the user has read in a body of text within a mean absolute percent error of just 3.9%. We then tested SwitchBack in a dual focus-of-attention task, finding that SwitchBack improved average reading speed by 7.7% in the presence of distractions.
Incorporation of an Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bonding Motif in the Side Chain of 4-Aminoquinolines Enhances Activity against Drug-Resistant P. falciparum (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionIncorporation of an Intramolecular Hydrogen-Bonding Motif in the Side Chain of 4-Aminoquinolines Enhances Activity against Drug-Resistant P. falciparumPeter B. Madrid, Ally P. Liou, Joseph L. DeRisi, and R. Kiplin Guy*Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 3, 699Publication Date (Web):January 17, 2008Publication History Published online17 January 2008Published inissue 1 February 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm701572ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm701572acorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 . This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views490Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (29 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:High-performance liquid chromatography,Inorganic carbon compounds,Silica,Solvents,Vacuum Get e-Alerts
Optical controllability of single-electron tunnelling through a molecular Coulomb island in a MOS structure (2004)

The optical controllability of single-electron tunnelling using an organic molecular Coulomb island consisting of a porphyrin derivative was examined. A double-barrier tunnelling junction (DBTJ) consisting of a Si/SiO2/molecule/SiO2/Au multilayer exhibited the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of a Coulomb staircase. Light irradiation was found to induce a reversible change in the threshold voltage of the Coulomb blockade. That is, optical switching of the tunnelling current was achieved under a certain bias voltage. It is believed that the light-induced switching behaviour was due to a change in the charge distribution in the areas near the molecular Coulomb islands. These results demonstrate a potential use for organic molecules in optically functional single-electron devices.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Hemolytic <i>E. coli</i> Promotes Colonic Tumorigenesis in Females (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Better prediction on patterning failure mode with hotspot aware OPC modeling (2021)

A method to perform Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) model calibration that is also sensitive to lithography failure modes and takes advantage of the large field of view (LFoV) e-beam inspection, is presented. To improve the coverage of the OPC model and the accuracy of the after development inspection (ADI) pattern hotspots prediction - such as trench pinching or bridging in complex 2D routing patterns - a new sampling plan with additional hotpot locations and the corresponding contours input data is introduced. The preliminary inspected hotspots can be added to the traditional OPC modeling flow in order to provide extra information for a hotspot aware OPC model. A compact optical/resist 3D modeling toolkit is applied to interpret the impact of photoresist (PR) profiles, as well as accurate predictions of hotspot patterns occurring at the top or bottom of the PR. A contour-based modeling flow is also introduced that uses a site or edge based calibration engine, to better describe hotspot locations in the hotspot aware OPC model calibration. To quantify the improvement in pattern coverage in the modeling flow, feature vectors (FVs) analysis and comparisons between the conventional and the hotspot aware OPC models is also presented.[1] The time and cost of using conventional Critical Dimension Scanning Electron Microscope (CD-SEM) metrology to measure such a large amount of CD gauges are prohibitive. By contrast, using LFoV e-beam inspection with improved training algorithm to extract fine contours from wafer hotspots, a hotspot aware OPC model can predict ADI hotspots with a higher capture rate as compared to main feature OPC model. Presumably, a hotspot-aware modeling flow based on LFoV images/contours not only benefits users by improving the capture rate of the lithography defects, but also brings the advantages to the failure mode analysis for the post-etch stage.
Binding and neutralizing anti-AAV antibodies: Detection and implications for rAAV-mediated gene therapy (2023)

Assessment of anti-adeno-associated virus (AAV) antibodies in patients prior to systemic gene therapy administration is an important consideration regarding efficacy and safety of the therapy. Approximately 30%-60% of individuals have pre-existing anti-AAV antibodies. Seroprevalence is impacted by multiple factors, including geography, age, capsid serotype, and assay type. Anti-AAV antibody assays typically measure (1) transduction inhibition by detecting the neutralizing capacity of antibodies and non-antibody neutralizing factors, or (2) total anti-capsid binding antibodies, regardless of neutralizing activity. Presently, there is a paucity of head-to-head data and standardized approaches associating assay results with clinical outcomes. In addition, establishing clinically relevant screening titer cutoffs is complex. Thus, meaningful comparisons across assays are nearly impossible. Although complex, establishing screening assays in routine clinical practice to identify patients with antibody levels that may impact favorable treatment outcomes is achievable for both transduction inhibition and total antibody assays. Formal regulatory approval of such assays as companion diagnostic tests will confirm their suitability for specific recombinant AAV gene therapies. This review covers current approaches to measure anti-AAV antibodies in patient plasma or serum, their potential impact on therapeutic safety and efficacy, and investigative strategies to mitigate the effects of pre-existing anti-AAV antibodies in patients.
<title>Advances in ultrafast solid state lasers</title> (1995)

An overview of the basic principles, major theoretical aspects and technological issues of self- mode-locked solid state lasers is presented, with particular emphasis on recent advances in femtosecond Ti:sapphire lasers.
Supramolecular Thermoplastic with 0.5 Pa·s Melt Viscosity (2014)

Design of materials with polymer-like properties at service temperature but able to flow like simple liquids when heated remains one of the important challenges of supramolecular chemistry. Combining these antagonistic properties is highly desirable to provide durability, processability, and recyclability of materials. Here, we explore a new strategy based on polycondensation reactions to design supramolecular polymer materials with stress at break above 10 MPa and melt viscosity lower than 1 Pa·s. We report the synthesis and rheological and mechanical properties (uniaxial tensile tests) of supramolecular polymers based on a multiblock polyamide architecture. The flexibility of polycondensation reactions made it possible to control the molecular size distribution, the strength of hydrogen bonds, and the crystallization of middle and end groups and to achieve targeted properties.
Analytical Comparison of Constant Area, Adiabatic Tip, Standard Fins, and Heat Pipe Fins (1999)

The purpose of this study is to derive an expression for a constant area, adiabatic end condition, heat pipe fin efficiency. This will be used to compare the performance of a heat pipe fin with a standard fin
ChemInform Abstract: Doing Chemistry in the Second Ring of a Fused Macrobicyclic Ligand. Substrate Oxygenations by Transition Metal Cyclidenes (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ten renin‐angiotensin system‐related gene polymorphisms in maximally treated Canadian Caucasian patients with heart failure (2008)

This study demonstrates that the SNPs of AGT may be associated with HF in our population and that the AGT/ACE gene combination may play an important role in disease predisposition.
Abstract 3992: Modes of metastasis evolution in human and murine cancer revealed by whole exome sequencing (2014)

Abstract Despite that fact that 90% of cancer deaths are due to metastasis, relatively little is known about how metastases evolve from primary cancers. We subjected 101 trios consisting of primary tumor, brain metastasis, and normal reference tissue to whole exome sequencing (WES). To analyze the data, we developed novel computational tools to derive high quality allelic copy-number profiles directly from the WES data. These were used to perform an integrative analysis of somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs) and somatic single nucleotide variants (SSNVs). This analysis allowed us to estimate the clonal architecture of the primary and metastatic samples from each patient, and to reconstruct a single phylogenetic tree relating all of the subclones detected in both samples. We determined that all of the matched metastases analyzed likely formed from a single clone. In all cases, we observed a sibling relationship between the metastasis and primary tumor samples, indicating that they share a common ancestor, but ongoing evolution in the primary tumor resulted in fully clonal mutations in the primary biopsy that were not present in the metastasis sample. An important corollary of this is that in no case was a metastasis-founding subclone detected in a primary tumor sample. Using mutational spectra associated with tobacco exposure in lung cancers, we determined that most of the evolution leading up to the brain metastasis like occurred within the lung. In contrast with these findings, analysis of related primary tumor and metastasis families in a mouse model of small cell lung cancer using identical methodology revealed evidence of more variable patterns of metastatic spread. Analysis of draining lymph nodes revealed that multiple subclones of the primary contributed to these metastases. In addition, we uncovered evidence for the sequential spread of metastases, consistent with multiregion sequencing of primary and metastatic human pancreatic cancer. The extension of this finding to a mouse cancer model suggests this may be a more frequent feature of cancer metastasis, and raises the possibility of genetically dissecting these processes in this experimental system. Citation Format: Scott L. Carter, Priscilla K. Brastianos, David G. McFadden, Thales Papagiannakopoulos, Amaro Taylor-Weiner, Kristian Cibulskis, Tyler Jacks, William Hahn, Gad Getz. Modes of metastasis evolution in human and murine cancer revealed by whole exome sequencing. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 3992. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-3992
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL SUBSTITUTED 5B ELEMENT SYSTHEMS. 17. SYNTHESIS OF DICHLOROPHOSPHANE‐ AND DIFLUOROPHOSPHANE‐BRIDGED BINUCLEAR COMPLEXES (1977)

Abstract Die Übergangsmetalldichlorphosphine (I) addieren sich aufgrund ihrer hohen Ladungsdichte am dreibindigen P‐Atom leicht bei Raumtemperatur an die photochemisch erzeugten Pentacarbonyle (II).
Structure or Exchange? On the Feasibility of Chemical Exchange Detection with Balanced Steady‐State Free Precession in Tissue – An In Vitro Study (2019)

Balanced steady-state free precession imaging has recently been suggested for chemical exchange detection (bSSFPX). The objective of this work is to investigate the contributions of microstructural, chemical shift and chemical exchange effects to the asymmetry of the bSSFP profile at field strengths of 3 T and 9.4 T. To this end, in vitro bSSFPX experiments are performed for a range of repetition times and flip angles in glucose water solutions with different MnCl<sub>2</sub> concentrations and tissue homogenates obtained from the brainstem of pig brains. The experimental results are compared to multi-pool Bloch-McConnell simulations. Additionally, the influence of white matter tract geometry is analyzed ex vivo in pig brain hemispheres measured at two different angles with respect to B<sub>0</sub> . The detectable bSSFP profile asymmetry in glucose solutions with tissue-like relaxation times and white matter homogenates was consistent with Bloch-McConnell simulations but relatively small. In intact white matter tracts, the asymmetry was dominated by structural effects with a strong dependency on tract orientation relative to B<sub>0</sub> . In tracts perpendicular to B<sub>0</sub> , the asymmetry was ≈ 3-4 times higher than in the homogenates, thus barely affected by chemical exchange effects. In conclusion, chemical exchange-related bSSFP profile asymmetries are detectable in tissue homogenates, however, the observed asymmetry level is generally low and prone to confounding structural effects rendering in vivo chemical exchange detection with bSSFP challenging in the brain.
Monolayer (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Enhancement of Focused Ultrasound Treatment by Acoustically Generated Microbubbles (2013)

Microbubbles, whether introduced from outside the body or ultrasonically generated in situ, are known to significantly enhance the biological effects of ultrasound, including the mechanical, thermal, and sonochemical effects. Phase-change nanodroplets, which selectively accumulate in tumor tissue and whose phase changes to microbubbles can be induced by ultrasonic stimulation, have been proposed for high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) tumor treatment with enhanced selectivity and efficiency. In this paper, a purely acoustic approach to generate microbubble clouds in the tissue to be treated is proposed. Short pulses of focused ultrasound with extremely high intensity, named trigger pulses, are used for exposure. They are immediately followed by focused ultrasound for heating with an intensity similar to or less than that of normal HIFU treatment. The localized generation of microbubble clouds by the trigger pulses is observed in a polyarylamide gel by a high-speed camera, and the effectiveness of the generated clouds in accelerating ultrasonically induced thermal coagulation is confirmed in excised chicken breast tissue. The use of second-harmonic superimposed waves as the trigger pulses is also proposed. The highly reproducible initiation of cavitation by waves with the negative peak pressure emphasized and the efficient expansion of the generated microbubble clouds by waves with the positive peak pressure emphasized are also observed by a high-speed camera in partially degassed water.
Laser-induced thermal grating effects in flames (1994)

Light scattering from a laser-induced thermal grating produced in an atmospheric-pressure H(2)/O(2) flame is observed with a phase-matching geometry commonly used in resonant four-wave mixing and laser-induced grating spectroscopy. The presence of thermal gratings is confirmed in both the time and the frequency domains in two distinct experiments. Diluting the flame with helium decreases the thermal grating signal intensity. Experimental results agree well with calculations based on a solution of the linearized hydrodynamic equations.
1P046 Piezoelectric property of an actin filament(01B. Protein : Structure & Function,Poster,The 52nd Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan(BSJ2014)) (2014)

Real-Time Observation of DNA Digestion by RecBCD
Metabolism of the platelet-activating factor antagonist (±)-trans-2-(3′-methoxy-5′-methylsulphonyl-4′-propoxyphenyl)-5-(3″, 4″,5″-trimethoxyphenyl)tetrahydrofuran (L-659,989) in rhesus monkeys (1991)

1. The plasma concentration, main route of metabolism and excretion of 3H-L-659,989 were studied in male and female rhesus monkeys by dosing either i.v. or orally at 10 mg/kg. 2. The percentage of the AUC for the plasma radioactivity concentration-time curve of oral vs i.v. dosed monkeys was 78% for males and 90% for females, indicating that the dose was well absorbed. 3. The bioavailability of the drug was low (less than or equal to 10%) for all monkeys, probably due to rapid first pass metabolism. The drug was metabolized-predominantly at the C-4'-propoxy side-chain. The two major plasma metabolites were identified as the 4'-2-(hydroxy)propoxy metabolite (3H-trans-4'-HP) and the 4'-hydroxy metabolite (3H-4'-hydroxy) which was isolated as a 2:1 mixture of (+/-)trans: (+/-)cis. 4. Approx. 80% of the radiolabelled dose was excreted equally in the urine and faeces in 96 h, with the largest percentage of the tritiated dose (31 +/- 4%) in the 0-24 h urine. 5. The major metabolites in the excreta were the (+/-)trans/(+/-)cis mixture of 3H-4'-hydroxy and the glucuronide conjugate of 3H-trans-4'-hydroxy. The glucuronide conjugate of 3H-trans-4'-hydroxy was excreted in the urine of i.v. and orally dosed monkeys and represented an average of 21% and 5.1% of the dose, respectively. 3H-4'-Hydroxy was excreted in both the urine and faeces, accounting for less than or equal to 0.1% and 7.4% of the dose in i.v. and orally dosed monkeys, respectively.
Fabrication and Characterization of Conductive Glass Composites with Networks of Silicon Carbide Whiskers (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experiment Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments
A Low-<i>V<sub>t</sub></i> Small-Offset Gated-Preamplifier for Sub-1-V DRAM Mid-Point Sensing (2012)

A gated sense amplifier (GSA) consisting of a low-Vt gated preamplifier (LGA) and a high-Vt sense amplifier (SA) is proposed. The gating scheme of the LGA enables quick amplification of an initial cell signal voltage (vS0) because of its low Vt and prevents the cell signal from degrading due to interference noise between data lines. As for a conventional sense amplifier (CSA), this new type of noise causes sensing error, and the noise-generation mechanism was clarified for the first time by analysis of vS0. The high-Vt SA holds the amplified signal and keeps subthreshold current low. Moreover, the gating scheme of the low-Vt MOSFETs in the LGA drives the I/O line quickly. The GSA thus simultaneously achieves fast sensing, low-leakage data holding, and fast I/O driving, even for sub-1-V mid-point sensing. The GSA is promising for future sub-1-V gigabit dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) because of reduced variations in the threshold voltage of MOSFETs; thus, the offset voltage of the LGA is reduced. The effectiveness of the GSA was verified with a 70-nm 512-Mbit DRAM chip. It demonstrated row access time (tRCD) of 16.4ns and read access (tAA) of 14.3ns at array voltage of 0.9V.
Structure-property correlations of new materials comprising of a cyclic enone for TFT-LCD applications (1996)

Abstract Dielectric, birefringence and voltage-transmission characteristics of novel cyclic enone compounds are reported. The new materials are shown to exhibit high dielectric anisotropies and modest refractive index anisotropies. These results are explained by structural and substituent effects and are in accordance with the results expected from molecular modelling. The analogy found between structural and physical properties may be used to design improved materials for TFT-LCDs. The use of cyclic enones as dopants to contribute to a reduction in the threshold voltage of liquid crystal mixtures for TFT-LCDs is foreseeable.
Structural modification of azolylacryloyl derivatives yields a novel class of covalent modifiers of hemoglobin as potential antisickling agents (2019)

The intracellular polymerization and the concomitant sickling processes, central to the pathology of sickle cell disease, can be mitigated by increasing the oxygen affinity of sickle hemoglobin (HbS). Attempts to develop azolylacryloyl derivatives to covalently interact with βCys93 and destabilize the low-O<sub>2</sub>-affinity T-state (deoxygenated) HbS to the polymer resistant high-O<sub>2</sub>-affinity R-state (liganded) HbS were only partially successful. This was likely due to the azolylacryloyls carboxylate moiety directing the compounds to also bind in the central water cavity of deoxygenated Hb and stabilizing the T-state. We now report a second generation of KAUS compounds (KAUS-28, KAUS-33, KAUS-38, and KAUS-39) without the carboxylate moiety designed to bind exclusively to βCys93. As expected, the compounds showed reactivity with both free amino acid l-Cys and the Hb βCys93. At 2 mM concentrations, the compounds demonstrated increased Hb affinity for oxygen (6% to 15%) <i>in vitro</i>, while the previously reported imidazolylacryloyl carboxylate derivative, KAUS-15 only showed 4.5% increase. The increased O<sub>2</sub> affinity effects were sustained through the experimental period of 12 h for KAUS-28, KAUS-33, and KAUS-38, suggesting conserved pharmacokinetic profiles. When incubated at 2 mM with red blood cells from patients with homozygous SS, the compounds inhibited erythrocyte sickling by 5% to 9%, respectively in correlation with the increase Hb-O<sub>2</sub> affinity. These values compare to 2% for KAUS-15. When tested with healthy mice, KAUS-38 showed very low toxicity.
Decomposition of Trichlorobenzene with Different Radicals Generated by Alternating Current Electrolysis in Aqueous Solution (2005)

Abstract Trichlorobenzenes can be easily decomposed by alternating current electrolysis in aqueous solution. The mechanism of the decomposition was found to be based on selective redox reactions with different radicals—hydrogen atoms and hydroxyl radicals—generated by water electrolysis.