gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre-clinical Evaluation of a Variable Length and Conforming Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter Weighted Anchor: In Vitro Analysis and Cadaver Feasibility Study (2020)

<title>Abstract</title> PurposePeritoneal dialysis (PD) catheters function best when residing within the retrovesical space of the peritoneal cavity, but they frequently migrate and fail. A novel variable length and conforming PD catheter weighted anchor to prevent migration has been evaluated.MethodsTest devices were placed in normal saline for 21 months. The effluent was periodically measured for heavy metals, including tungsten. The water-tight property of the device was also tested separately. Four cadavers were subjected to three-dimensional imaging and maneuvering to evaluate percutaneous insertion, function, stability within the retrovesical space, and percutaneous retrievability in 10 test devices.ResultsLiquid leakage was low, with a mean absorbance of the test device effluent saline of 0.015. Mean methylene blue absorbance of the test device was significantly lower than the positive control (p-value = 0.01). Leakage of tungsten from devices made with medical grade Silastic tubing was also low, with a mean of 0.362 µg/L in the effluent saline, compared to a background concentration of 0.166 µg/L. Each test device was successfully inserted into the retrovesical space and retrieved percutaneously and remained completely intact following placement and insertion. No test device migrated as shown on axial cone beam CT imaging. Mean flow times and volumes were satisfactory at 3 minutes and 0.92L, respectively, for all test devices. For all catheters, the mean flow rate was 312 cc/min. No significant difference was found between the pre-roll and post-roll mean flow rates of the test devices (p-value = 0.35).ConclusionThis PD catheter weighted anchor showed stability, with minimal leakage of tungsten. All test devices were successfully inserted and retrieved percutaneously, with no damage or migration, and mean flow rates were satisfactory. Further investigation is warranted.
Synthesis of different types of alkoxy fullerene derivatives from chlorofullerene C60Cl6 (2016)

We report novel synthetic routes for facile preparation of highly functionalized fullerene derivatives C<sub>60</sub>(OR)<sub>5</sub>X (X = H, Cl, Br), C<sub>60</sub>(OR)<sub>4</sub>O and C<sub>60</sub>(OR)<sub>2</sub> from chlorofullerene C<sub>60</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>. The first water-soluble fullerene compound bearing residues of 3-oxypropanoic acid demonstrated a potent anti-HIV activity.
Multi-resolution channel codes (2002)

In this paper, we present a new approach for channel coding on unknown or time-varying channels. Given a family of possible channel characteristics, we define a multi-resolution channel code as a single channel coding codebook from which a collection of codes of increasing rates are extracted by choosing larger and larger nested subsets of the original set of codewords. We give an achievable rate region and a tight converse.
Conformation−Activity Relationship of Neuropeptide S and Some Structural Mutants:  Helicity Affects Their Interaction with the Receptor (2007)

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is the endogenous ligand of the previously orphan G-protein coupled receptor now named NPSR. The NPS-NPSR receptor system regulates important biological functions such as sleep/waking, locomotion, anxiety and food intake. Recently, exhaustive Ala scan and d-amino acid scan studies, together with systematic N- and C-terminal truncation, led to the identification of key residues for biological activity. Because conformational preferences might also play an important role, we undertook a detailed conformational analysis of NPS and several analogues in solution. We show that helicity induced by substitution of three flexible residues in the 5-13 regulatory region abolishes biological activity. A parallel pharmacological and conformational study of single and multiple substitutions of glycines 5, 7, and 9 showed that helicity can be tolerated in the C-terminal part of the peptide but not around Gly7. The identification of hNPSR partial agonists heralds the possibility of designing pure NPS receptor antagonists.
Three‐Dimensional Transformation of Membrane‐Type Electronics Using Transient Microfluidic Channels for the Sequential Selective Plasticization of Supportive Plastic Substrates (2022)

Abstract This study demonstrates a technique for the development of 3D electronics based on planar membrane‐type devices and a supportive plastic (e.g., acrylonitrile butadiene styrene [ABS] used in this study) substrate containing internal microfluidic channels ( µ ‐FCs) that allow selective plasticization and transformation after the insertion of a liquid plasticizer (e.g., N , N ‐dimethylformamide). The internal µ ‐FC has a strong advantage of transiency and does not require an additional removal process because the channels are self‐closed by the swelling and dissolution of the plasticized regions. Furthermore, the 3D printing process to create internal µ ‐FCs provides a considerable amount of freedom in channel design for sequential plasticization and transformation into complex structures. Using this method, extreme scenarios that involve complete bending of the metal electrodes and indium gallium zinc oxide thin‐film transistors laminated to the ABS substrates without electrical failure are possible, regardless of the bending direction and the vertical position of the electrode of the plastic substrate. Finally, a truncated octahedral light‐emitting diode display is successfully developed by multiple cycles of sequential plasticization and transformation processes to demonstrate the feasibility of this method.
Towards a fibrous composite with dynamically controlled stiffness: how do urchins do it? (2000)

Conference Abstract| June 01 2000 Towards a fibrous composite with dynamically controlled stiffness: how do urchins do it? J.A. Trotter; J.A. Trotter 1University of New Mexico, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A.H. Heuer; A.H. Heuer 1University of New Mexico, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Mrksich M. Mrksich 1University of New Mexico, Case Western Reserve University, University of Chicago Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (3): A55. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a055c Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J.A. Trotter, A.H. Heuer, M. Mrksich; Towards a fibrous composite with dynamically controlled stiffness: how do urchins do it?. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 2000; 28 (3): A55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a055c Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Alternative Materials for Fracture Fixation (1995)

Biodegradable polymers are gaining acceptance as alternative materials to metallic devices in fracture fixation applications. Self-reinforced polyglycolide and polylactide fixation devices have been used effectively in managing several thousand clinical cases involving small-fragment fractures. An eight percent incidence of non-specific inflammatory reaction and insufficient mechanical strength to deal with load-bearing situations are the two issues preventing the widespread acceptance of these biodegradable fixation devices. This brief review examines the potential of other biodegradable polymers, discusses the biodegradable composite design, and considers future research directions that might realize the full potential of biodegradable polymeric prostheses.
System on Wafer: A New Silicon Concept in SiP (2009)

System integration is clearly a driving force for innovation in packaging. The need for miniaturization has led to new architectures that combine disparate technologies and materials. Today several different approaches have been developed. These include technologies like system in package. In this way, a new concept for heterogeneous integration is currently being developed at CEA-LETI and is called system on wafer (SoW). This concept is based on a chip to wafer approach. Every component is achieved by using wafer-level technologies, and the final system is performed by single component mounting on a silicon substrate. The main strength of this approach is to use silicon as a substrate for components and for basic support. To perform the SoW, a generic technological toolbox is needed. This includes every standard packaging technology such as flip chip, signal rerouting, and passive component integration as well as new advanced technologies such as microelectromechanical systems packaging, advanced interconnections, energy source integration, integrated cooling, or silicon through vias. In this paper, the SoW concept will be presented and the generic toolbox for SoW achievement will be described.
Chitin Synthesis (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Chitin Synthesis and Inhibitors Mite Growth Inhibitors: Clofentezine, Hexythiazox, Etoxazole References
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF BIS(2,2‐BIS(ETHYLTHIO)ETHENYL) SULFOXIDE (1983)

Abstract Aus DMSO (I) werden über die Stufe der Lithiumsalze (III) die Ketendithioacetale (V) und die Dithioester (VI) hergestellt.
Recovery of Rare Metals with a New Organophosphorus Extractant (1995)

Abstract This work studies a new organophosphorus extractant, DS5834, developed by Zeneca Specialties, which has been shown to be efficient for removing metal ion impurities. The new reagent is a formulation of a type similar to M2EHPA, a monoester, diacid phosphate extractant, but with a lower reported water solubility. A preliminary study was undertaken to determine if DS5834 is effective for the recovery of gallium, indium, and germanium, and the separation of samarium and gadolinium from acid solutions by solvent extraction. The results showed that DS5834 is a strong extractant for all of the metals studied except germanium, which was not extracted. It is not selective for the rare earth elements samarium and gadolinium, and consequently is not effective for the separation of these metals. Iron is also extracted by this reagent but with a lower distribution factor.
Vector signal generation and transmission by radio-over-fiber system with frequency doubling at 96 GHz (2018)

The high-speed train in Japan connects megalopolises through many tunnels or underground routes. To provide seamless internet connectivity to the hundreds of passengers on the train, a new backhaul communication system is proposed in a millimeter-wave band by Radio over Fiber. We have shown that a vector-modulated signal can be generated by multiplying the radio frequency in the optical domain to avoid effects of chromatic dispersion in an optical fiber. In this paper, we show characteristics of long distance transmission by Radio over Fiber. Also, we present our concept and report on the relationship between the symbol rate and the modulation accuracy of the 96 GHz band signal generated by frequency doubling using RoF.
What is the Effect of Overactive Bladder Medication on Sleep? (2006)

The incidence and intensity of central nervous system (CNS) side effects from anticholinergics depend on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the specific agents. CNS side effects are especially worrisome and often exaggerated in the elderly.
Human ageing impairs injury-inducedin vivo expression of tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 proteins and mRNA (1997)

Proteolysis is an essential component of wound healing but, if uncontrolled, it may lead to degradation of the neo-matrix and a delay in wound repair. Despite numerous reports of impaired wound healing associated with increasing age, the control of proteolysis is completely unknown. Tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP)-1 and -2 inhibit the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and the pattern of regulation of these molecules determines in part the spatial and temporal regulation of proteolytic activity. This study reports on TIMP-1 and -2 protein localization using immunocytochemistry in healing wounds of healthy subjects of different ages from day 1 to 6 months post-wounding, and has quantified the mRNA levels for both inhibitors using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 proteins are up-regulated from 24 h post-wounding, with a decrease in staining intensity by day 7 for TIMP-2 and by day 14 for TIMP-1. Steady-state mRNA levels for both TIMPs were significantly greater in normal young skin than in aged skin. In the young, there was a significant increase in mRNA expression for TIMP-1 and -2 by day 3 post-wounding, which decreased by day 14 and had returned to basal levels at day 21. In the wounds of the aged subjects, basal levels were observed for TIMP-1 and -2 at all time-points. These results suggest that intrinsic cutaneous ageing is associated with reduced levels of TIMP mRNA both in normal skin and during acute wound repair. These levels may be instrumental in dermal tissue breakdown in normal skin, retarded wound healing, and the predisposition of the elderly to chronic wound healing states.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Multiple Sclerosis: Survey of Licensed Naturopaths (2004)

Naturopaths use both a broad range and multiple complementary and alternative medicine CAM therapies for treating MS and report treatment effectiveness on the following outcomes: quality of life; symptom severity; relapse rates; and disease progression. Further research on single CAM therapies and holistic CAM systems is warranted in MS.
Simple Evaluation Method of Residual Aberration Using Radius of Curvature in Reflectarray Antenna (2019)

In this paper, a simple evaluation method for the residual aberration of a reflectarray antenna using aberration theory is proposed. It is shown that the aberration is a part of the ellipsoid, and the residual aberration can be evaluated simply by approximating the radius of curvature to a spherical wave. The validity of the method by analysis and theoretical formula is demonstrated.
Exploring Biased Agonism at FPR1 as a Means to Encode Danger Sensing (2020)

Ligand-based selectivity in signal transduction (biased signaling) is an emerging field of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) research and might allow the development of drugs with targeted activation profiles. Human formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) is a GPCR that detects potentially hazardous states characterized by the appearance of N-formylated peptides that originate from either bacteria or mitochondria during tissue destruction; however, the receptor also responds to several non-formylated agonists from various sources. We hypothesized that an additional layer of FPR signaling is encoded by biased agonism, thus allowing the discrimination of the source of threat. We resorted to the comparative analysis of FPR1 agonist-evoked responses across three prototypical GPCR signaling pathways, i.e., the inhibition of cAMP formation, receptor internalization, and ERK activation, and analyzed cellular responses elicited by several bacteria- and mitochondria-derived ligands. We also included the anti-inflammatory annexinA1 peptide Ac2-26 and two synthetic ligands, the W-peptide and the small molecule FPRA14. Compared to the endogenous agonists, the bacterial agonists displayed significantly higher potencies and efficacies. Selective pathway activation was not observed, as both groups were similarly biased towards the inhibition of cAMP formation. The general agonist bias in FPR1 signaling suggests a source-independent pathway selectivity for transmission of pro-inflammatory danger signaling.
Radio over fiber signal generation and distribution and its application to train communication network (2017)

Radio over fiber signal generation by an ultra-fast wavelength-tunable laser under wavelength-division-multiplexing configuration is demonstrated for radio signal delivery to remote sites in a linear-cell-based distributed antenna system. Application to linear-cell train communication system is discussed.
Immunogenicity, Safety, and Breakthrough Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infections After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination in Organ Transplant Recipients: A Prospective Multicenter Canadian Study (2023)

Three or four doses of COVID-19 vaccines were safe, increased immunogenicity, and protected against severe disease requiring hospitalization. Infection paired with multiple vaccinations significantly increased anti-RBD response. However, SOT populations should continue to practice infection prevention measures, and they should be prioritized for SARS-CoV-2 pre-exposure prophylactics and early therapeutics.
Thermal Impact on High Speed PCB Interconnects (2019)

As signal speeds increase, small imperfections start to dictate the performance of interconnects. Thermal effects are an inseparable aspect of interconnects due to self-heating caused by the flow of current, and due to environmental heating in high speed designs. This paper presents in detail, thermal effects and their impact on insertion loss, crosstalk and phase of high-speed signals. The paper also describes the thermal sensitivity on various aspects of interconnect design such as inter pair spacing, trace height, and dielectric thickness. For our analysis, simulations were performed using field solvers for temperatures ranging from 20°C to 100°C. Finally, results are analyzed with percentage variation in copper loss versus dielectric losses.
Mechanism for 193-nm laser radiation-induced effects on mammalian cells. (1990)

The cellular sites for damage in mammalian cells caused by 193-nm radiation from an argon fluoride excimer laser were investigated. The ability of Chinese hamster ovary cells to reduce a tetrazolium dye (MTT) was decreased to 37% of unirradiated control by 2.5 x 10(3) J/m2 of 193-nm radiation when measured either 4 or 24 h after irradiation. In contrast, inhibition of MTT reduction by 254-nm radiation which primarily causes DNA damage was not measurable using this assay at 4 h after exposure; at 24 h 45 J/m2 inhibited MTT reduction to 37% of control. An increase in plasma membrane permeability, detected by 51Cr release, was observed within 15 min of exposure to 193-nm radiation, whereas exposure to 254-nm radiation did not cause this immediate release of 51Cr. In control experiments, the mitochondrial poison, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone, did not cause 51Cr release in the dark, indicating that the 193-nm radiation-induced increase in plasma membrane permeability was not subsequent to loss of mitochondrial function. [3H]-Arachidonic acid was released from C3H10T1/2 cells using low 193-nm fluences, whereas release of [3H]arachidonic acid using UVB (290-32 nm) radiation required cytotoxic fluences. DNA does not appear to be a major site of 193 nm-induced cellular damage because alkali-labile sites were not detected in cells exposed on ice to up to 2 x 10(4) J/m2 of 193-nm radiation. These results indicate that 193-nm radiation produces primary damage on the level of the plasma membrane.
Flipping the Chemistry Classroom with Peer Instruction (2015)

Universities are hotbeds of innovation. Since the advent of our first institutions of higher learning, millions of inventions borne on campuses have radically transformed our lives. The flipped classroom is one such educational disruption that is being adopted in classrooms of all types across the globe. In this chapter, we introduce the concept of a flipped classroom and situate it within the context of chemical education. We identify three big ideas of flipped classrooms: (i) prior knowledge is required to scaffold deeper learning; (ii) people learn best when they are engaged; and (iii) flipped classrooms enable a sustained learning path which cycles from preclass work, to in-class learning, to after-class activities. Finally, we introduce Peer Instruction, which is one research-based way for flipping the chemistry classroom in use at Harvard University.
Preparation of Novel Heteroisoindoles from Nitropyridines and Nitropyridones (2002)

The reaction of nitropyridine derivatives with ethyl isocyanoacetate in the presence of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene proceeded tandem cyclization to give polycyclic pyrrolopyridines or imidazopyridines.On the other hand, N-protected 3-nitro-and 5-nitropyridones and N,N-diprotected 5nitrouracil gave corresponding bicyclic pyrroles in good yields under the similar conditions.Since a large number of medicinally important natural products include azaarene skeletons in their structure, 1 these heteroarenes such as quinolines, indoles, isoindoles and azaisoindoles have generated interest as challenging targets for synthesis.There were various methods reported to prepare quinolines, 2 indoles 3 and isoindoles. 3On the contrary, relatively little attention is given to heteroarene fused pyrroles such as pyrrolopyridinones, 4 pyrrolopyrimidines, 5 and pyrrolopyrroles 6 because of difficulties arose in the synthesis.Most of studies on the preparation of this class of molecules dealt with pyrrole fused with pyridine on its [1,2-x] and [2,3-x] position. 7The synthesis of pyrrolo[3,4-x]pyridines described by
Determinants of Quantitative Optic Nerve Measurements Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in a Population-Based Sample of Non-glaucomatous Subjects (2011)

In a non-glaucomatous population, optic nerve measurements with SD-OCT vary with disc area, age, IOP, AL, lens nuclear color, and signal strength, but systemic parameters have little influence. This information may be useful for interpretation of SD-OCT measurements.
Photogenerators of Sulfamic Acids; Use in Chemically Amplified Single Layer Resists. (1998)

A novel material, bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium cyclamate, an alkylaminosulfonate salt capable of photogenerating a zwitterion sulfamic acid is shown to have utility in 248 and 193nm single layer chemically amplified resists. Specifically, bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodonium cyclamate may be employed as a self-leveled photoacid generator (PAG) in resists in which protecting groups with a low activation energy are present. Alternatively, in resins protected with high activation groups, this material serves the role of a low volatility, low diffusion photodecomposable base used in conjunction with a super-acid PAG. In both types of resists, bis(4-t-butylphenyl)iodomum cyclamate reduces resist line slimming and T-topping by respectively reducing acid diffusion and its depletion at the resist surface. The above mentioned advantages of reduced line slimming and post-exposure bake delay (PED) stability are accomplished both in the case of the low and high activation energy resists without the need for an additional amine component. Finally, formulation of the low activation energy resist with the cyclamate PAG suppresses film thickness loss during exposure thus reducing outgassing off volatiles.