gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Kidney Stress and Prevention of Acute Kidney Injury (2019)

Critical care physicians continue to be challenged to recognize an environment that has the potential to result in acute kidney injury, with its associated short- and long-term consequences. The recent development of cell cycle arrest biomarkers that signal the potential development of acute kidney injury is part of an evolution in the molecular diagnosis and understanding of acute kidney injury. A preinjury phase that may lead to acute kidney injury has been described as "acute kidney stress." This concept has the potential to stimulate research and innovation that will lead to early implementation of measures to prevent or reverse acute kidney injury.
ChemInform Abstract: Delocalized Carbanions in Synthesis (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High field MRI characterization of tumor growth kinetics, vascularity and cellularity in a PDGF-driven RCAS/tv-a mouse model of glioma (2004)

5115 Introduction: RCAS/tv-a technology provides a promising new platform for development of tissue-, and oncogenic pathway-specific mouse tumor models, for elucidation of mechanisms of neoplatistic transformation, and for development of targeted treatments. The technology relies on somatic gene transfer through infection by RCAS viral vectors derived from the avian retrovirus (ALV-A) in mice expressing the gene for the RCAS receptor (tv-a). We characterized tumor appearance, growth and heterogeneity using high field MRI in a mouse that expresses tv-a under the control of the nestin promoter expressed in glial-progenitors (Ntv-a mouse). Methods: 19 Ntv-a mice that had developed tumors following intracranial injection with RCAS virus encoding PDGF at 3 weeks of age (as determined by MRI) underwent weekly brain MRI to characterize tumor growth and development, until they reached a moribund state and were sacrificed. T2-weighted fast spin-echo MRI was used (3 minute images). At multiple time points, tumors were also evaluated using T1-weighted spin-echo MRI (3 minute images), pre- and post-contrast agent injection, to delineate regions of dense and/or ‘leaky’ microvasculature. Tumor cellularity was also evaluated during the course of the study by diffusion-MRI measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). When signs of illness were apparent, animals were sacrificed, and the brains harvested for histology. Resuts and Discussion: The mean time for tumor appearance was 3.3 ± 0.4 weeks. After appearance, the tumors grew rapidly (2 week doubling time) and invasively, invading one or both ventricles. Tumor cellularity was higher at the outer margins, with ADC similar to that which has been measured in implanted glioma xenografts (∼100-120 cm2/s). Early stage tumors showed little enhancing after contrast injection, but localized enhancing regions were evident in late stage tumors. Histologic sections correlated well with T2-weighted contrast and ADC, confirming localized regions of high cellularity. Conclusion: We have characterized tumor growth, heterogeneity, vasculature and cellularity using high field, high-throughput MRI for the first time in the PDGF-driven Ntv-a mouse model. The MRI-measured tumor characteristics were very similar to those measured clinically in oligodendroglioma, with late stage tumors showing contrast-enhancing regions typical of malignant tissue. This study demonstrates the unique capabilities of MRI in the Ntv-a model, for following tumor appearance and development, showing its potential for pre-clinical efficacy studies in this model. Future use of high field MRI in other RCAS/tv-a models will further highlight this potential.
Lumbosacral pedicle screw placement using a fluoroscopic pedicle axis view and a cannulated tapping device (2015)

A modified fluoroscopic technique using a pedicle axis view and a cannulated tapping instrument can achieve safe and accurate pedicle screw placement. In addition, obesity and degenerative scoliosis were identified as significant risk factors for screw misplacement.
The product of a novel growth factor-activated gene, fic, is a biologically active "C-C"-type cytokine. (1993)

We have characterized a new member of the superfamily of proinflammatory peptides encoded by a growth factor-inducible gene, fic, previously isolated by differential screening of a cDNA library of mRNA from serum-stimulated NIH 3T3 cells. Immunoprecipitation analyses showed that the protein was rapidly induced following serum stimulation and secreted unglycosylated into the medium. The fic protein, FIC, shows highest sequence homology (57%) to human and rabbit monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), an established monocyte activator. To determine the biological activity of FIC and to compare it with that of mouse MCP-1 (muMCP-1), both proteins were expressed in the baculovirus system. FIC and muMCP-1 were purified to near homogeneity by a two-step chromatography protocol. Both proteins elicited changes in intracellular calcium concentration in human monocytes. The effect was dependent on external Ca2+ and was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with pertussis toxin. FIC did not desensitize human monocytes to the three related cytokines muMCP-1, human MCP-1 (huMCP-1), and huMCP-2. However, pretreatment with muMCP-1 or huMCP-1, but not with huMCP-2, desensitized human monocytes to FIC. Specific binding of [125I]FIC was found in human monocytes, mouse monocytic cultured cells, and human endothelial cells but not in lymphocytes, neutrophils, or primary mouse fibroblasts. Scatchard analysis of the binding of [125I]FIC to human monocytes showed the presence of two classes of receptors, with apparent KdS of 1.2 and 7.7 nM and receptor numbers per cell of 2,400 and 6,300, respectively. FIC, muMCP-1, and huMCP-1 competed to the same extent for the binding of [125I]FIC to human monocytes, contrary to huMCP-2, which competed very ineffectively, if at all.
Ammonia borane as a reducing agent in organic synthesis (2020)

Ammonia borane NH3·BH3 is considered a promising material for hydrogen storage and release, and is attracting increasing attention as a relatively inexpensive, atom economy-convenient and viable reagent for developing new green synthetic transformations. The present review offers a wide overview on the use of AB in the reduction of organic compounds, and highlights the versatility of this reagent, due to the possibility of modulating its activity employing different strategies, which include the use of transition metals, p-block species, organocatalysts and FLP systems.
Spread-spectrum multiple-access performance of orthogonal codes: impulsive noise (1988)

A direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (SSMA) communication system that assigned a set of M-orthogonal sequences to each user is analyzed. An accurate model is incorporated for the impulsive noise that characterizes the LF and MF bands, so that the SSMA receiver operates in a combination of multiple-access interference and impulsive (atmospheric) noise. The performance of a linear receiver operating in such an environment is analyzed, and probability-of-error curves are presented. The presence of impulsive noise motivates the derivation and analysis of a nonlinear receiver that use a variable-gain stage to suppress noise impulses. This receiver is effectively optimum when the signal amplitudes are below a certain bound and when the noise and interference samples are independent, or nearly so. However, the gain stage of this nearly optimum receiver depends on the noise model parameters including the various user delays. Consequently, a nonparametric receiver that incorporates a simple clipper is also analyzed. The asymptotic relative efficiency of both receivers is determined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Safety assessment of nebulized xylitol in beagle dogs (2012)

Xylitol, a potential cystic fibrosis treatment, lowers the salt concentration of airway surface liquid and enhances innate immunity of human airways. The study objective was to evaluate the potential toxicity/recovery from a 14-consecutive day (7 days/week), facemask inhalation administration of nebulized xylitol solution in Beagle dogs. Aerosolized xylitol was generated through three Aerotech II nebulizers operating at approximately 40 psi driving pressure. Test article groups were exposed to the same concentration of aerosolized xylitol for 1, 0.5, or 0.25 h for the high, mid, and low exposures, respectively. A control group was exposed for 1 h to a nebulized normal saline solution. Animals were sacrificed the day following the last exposure or subsequently after 14 non-exposure days. Study endpoints included clinical observations, body weights, ophthalmology, and physical examinations, food consumption, clinical pathology, urinalyses, organ weights, and histopathology. Mean xylitol aerosol concentrations for all groups were approximately 3.5 mg/l. Mean total deposited doses to the pulmonary region were estimated as 21, 11, and 5 mg/kg, for the high-, mid-, and low-exposure groups, respectively. All dogs survived to the scheduled necropsy. No treatment-related findings were observed due to xylitol exposure in any end point examined. Lung findings (mild interstitial infiltration, macrophage hyperplasia, alveolitis, and bronchitis) were consistent among exposed and control groups. No exposure-related effect of xylitol in any parameter assessed was seen during or after the 14-day exposure in Beagle dogs. The No Observed Effect Level was the high-exposure level and suggests that inhaled xylitol is safe for clinical administration.
Interaction and disorder in bilayer counterflow transport at filling-factor one (2005)

We study high-mobility, interacting GaAs bilayer hole systems exhibiting counterflow superfluid transport at total filling-factor $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$. As the density of the two layers is reduced, making the bilayer more interacting, the counterflow Hall resistivity $({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xy})$ decreases at a given temperature, while the counterflow longitudinal resistivity $({\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xx})$, which is much larger than ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xy}$, hardly depends on density. On the other hand, a small imbalance in the layer densities can result in significant changes in ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xx}$ at $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$, while ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xy}$ remains vanishingly small. Our data suggest that the finite ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{xx}$ at $\ensuremath{\nu}=1$ is a result of mobile vortices in the superfluid created by the ubiquitous disorder in this system.
GPU-accelerated volume rendering to 3D lenticular displays (2006)

Multi-view lenticular displays offer stereoscopic views, without using additional glasses. In this article a method for hardware accelerated volume rendering of medical data sets to such displays is proposed. Though the generation of multi-view stereoscopic images of large volume rendered medical data sets demands an enormous amount of calculations, the GPU-based implementation offers interactive manipulation throughout. It is shown how the multi-view images are obtained from different focal spot positions, and how they are composed into the final bitmap that is displayed on the lenticular screen.
High-salt diet upregulates kininogen and downregulates tissue kallikrein expression in Dahl-SS and SHR rats (1996)

Tissue kallikrein cleaves low-molecular-weight (low-M(r)) kininogen to produce the vasoactive kinin peptide. It has been suggested that hypertensive patients with low urinary kallikrein excretion may have a defect in sodium handling. In this study, we examined the effect of a high-salt diet on the expression of tissue kallikrein and kininogen genes in Dahl salt-sensitive rats (Dahl-SS), spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and normotensive Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) by Northern and Western blot analysis and radioimmunoassay. Control and experimental groups received normal and high-salt diets containing 0.4% and 8% NaCl, respectively, for 6 wk. High-salt diet induced a significant time-dependent increase of blood pressure in both strains of hypertensive rats and a slight but significant increase of blood pressure in normotensive SD rats. Hepatic kininogen mRNA levels of both Dahl-SS and SHR on a high-salt diet increased 2.4-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively, while alpha 1-antitrypsin mRNA levels were not changed in rats receiving high-salt diet. Immunoreactive total kininogen and low-M(r) kininogen (58 kDa) levels in sera increased in response to high-salt diet in both strains of hypertensive rats. In SD rats, the low-M(r) kininogen level in sera was unaltered, whereas total kininogen increased in response to high-salt diet. Tissue kallikrein mRNAs in the kidney and salivary glands of Dahl-SS, SHR, and SD rats were reduced, whereas beta-actin mRNA was not altered by high-salt diet. Similarly, immunoreactive intrarenal kallikrein levels were reduced in these rats in response to high-salt diet. These studies show that increases in blood pressure after salt loading in Dahl-SS and SHR are accompanied by increases in low-M(r) kininogen. Tissue kallikrein gene expression in hypertensive Dahl-SS and SHR and normotensive SD rats is suppressed after salt loading. These findings show that reduced renal kallikrein expression and increased kininogen expression is regulated at the transcriptional level during salt loading.
Steady-State Marginalized Particle Filter for Attitude Estimation (2014)

A marginalized particle filter (MPF) is designed for attitude estimation problem. Unit quaternions are used to parameterize rotations. The linear structure in the gyroscope bias dynamics enables us to completely decouple its evolution from quaternion particles. We further show that the linear part of the proposed MPF reaches a steady state, similar to what Kalman filter does for controllable and observable linear stochastic systems. Although the steady-state MPF is similar to the particle filter in structure, it has two advantages: (i) the theoretical superiority of marginalizing linear substructure, and (ii) the reduction in total computational time. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrated the performance of the proposed filter.
Synergism of v- myc and v-Ha- ras in the in Vitro Neoplastic Progression of Murine Lymphoid Cells (1986)

Murine bone marrow was either singly or doubly infected with retroviral vectors expressing v-myc (OK10) or v-Ha-ras. The infected bone marrow was cultured in a system that supports the long-term growth of B-lineage lymphoid cells. While the v-myc vector by itself had no apparent effect on lymphoid culture establishment and growth, infection with the v-Ha-ras vector or coinfection with both v-myc and v-Ha-ras vectors led to the appearance of growth-stimulated cell populations. Clonal pre-B-cell lines stably expressing v-Ha-ras alone or both v-myc and v-Ha-ras grew out of these cultures. In comparison with cell lines expressing v-Ha-ras alone, cell lines expressing both v-myc and v-Ha-ras grew to higher densities, had reduced dependence on a feeder layer for growth, and had a marked increase in ability to grow in soft-agar medium. The cell lines expressing both oncogenes were highly tumorigenic in syngeneic animals. These experiments show that the v-myc oncogene in synergy with v-Ha-ras can play a direct role in the in vitro transformation of murine B lymphoid cells.
Coexpression of tissue factor and tissue factor pathway inhibitor by human monocytes purified by leukapheresis and elutriation.Response of nonadherent cells to lipopolysaccharide (1999)

In spite of the coexpression of TF mRNA and TFPI mRNA, elutriated monocytes are capable of supporting prothrombinase activity. This should be taken into account in the evaluation of the safety of adoptive cellular immunotherapy.
Spatial and temporal properties of human rod vision in the achromat. (1986)

The spatial and temporal properties of rod vision were measured for stimuli at and above the detection threshold in an achromat whose spectral sensitivity, dark adaptation, spatial and temporal thresholds and Stiles-Crawford effect suggest the presence of only a normally functioning rod system. The properties of rod and cone vision were compared at illuminances where their respective sensitivities were optimum. The threshold spatial sensitivity of the rod mechanism under optimum illumination (180 scotopic trolands) exhibits bandpass properties with a peak sensitivity of around 80 at 0.5 cycles/deg and a spatial acuity of 6-7 cycles/deg. The threshold temporal sensitivity also exhibits bandpass properties under these conditions with a peak sensitivity of around 80 at 5 Hz and a temporal acuity of 30 Hz. For stimuli of low spatial frequency (less than 0.3 cycles/deg) and low temporal frequency, the threshold sensitivities of rod- and cone-mediated vision are identical. Rod- and cone-mediated vision display comparable spatial and temporal discrimination for targets of equal suprathreshold contrast over the low to mid spatial and temporal range that they share. Rod-mediated discriminations fall below those of cone vision above 1 cycle/deg for spatial judgements and above 15 Hz for temporal judgements. The number of discriminable steps in spatial frequency and temporal frequency at threshold is similar for rod and cone vision over the spatio-temporal frequency range that they share. Over this range rod- and cone-mediated vision can discriminate four steps in spatial frequency and one step in temporal frequency. These results suggest that rod vision shows comparable spatio-temporal discrimination performance to cone vision and that it is subserved by at least five spatial and two temporal labelled detectors. The response of the highest spatial frequency filter subserving rod vision extends from 0.5 to 6 cycles/deg.
Protocol for Assessing Particle Shape of Comminuted Biomass (2011)

Particle shape is increasingly important as a quality parameter for comminuted biomass. Shape affects flowability, pretreatment, rate of conversion, and performance of materials handling systems. This protocol applies to materials that have been subjected to commutation processes including but not limited to chunking, chipping, grinding or milling. Our objective is to enable a uniform terminology and method for characterizing particle shape of chipped, ground, or otherwise comminuted woody biomass. The protocol was specifically developed for chipped and ground woody biomass and may be applicable to other lignocellulosic raw materials and feedstocks. Results are presented for analysis of chipped and shredded forest derived woody biomass.
Disparity in perceptions of disease characteristics, treatment effectiveness, and factors influencing treatment adherence between physicians and patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (2014)

Physicians, nonphysician HCPs, and patients with MDS have disparate views of MDS characteristics and the value and limitations of treatments for MDS. Improved communication and education may increase understanding and achieve better treatment adherence and patient outcomes.
Limits of Intermittent Jugular Bulb Oxygen Saturation Monitoring in the Management of Severe Head Trauma Patients (2000)

Intermittent SjO2 monitoring did not substantially influence the management of severe head trauma. Therefore, recommendation for its routine use in all patients seems inadvisable, and indications for this invasive method should no longer be defined on the basis of experts' opinions, but rather on randomized, prospective studies.
MAPS ‐ A PLANNING TOOL FOR CORPS OF ENGINEERS REGIONAL WATER SUPPLY STUDIES1 (1980)

ABSTRACT: A computer program (MAPS ‐ Methodology for Areawide Planning Studies) has been developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Waterways Experiment Station to assist planners in producing a comprehensive array of alternatives without sacrificing the detail and accuracy of the analyses. MAPS is a set of computer based models which can be used to simulate the water resource alternatives and to develop planning level design and cost estimates. Two application examples are discussed. The Salinas‐Monterey (California) Urban Study sought to identify and determine cost of combinations of water source, transmission, and treatment to meet an array of water needs in future years. The Nashville (Tennessee) Urban Study had similar objectives but the output was prepared on a service area basis for more than 40 such units. Using MAPS it was possible to prepare planning level design and cost estimates for a very large number of alternatives.
Recent advances in translating OCT into GI Endoscopy (2012)

By focusing on clinical diagnostic challenges that cannot be met by endoscopy and biopsy, OCT-based fiberoptic techniques are poised to make a significant impact in diagnostic screening and surveillance for gastrointestinal pathologies. Article not available.
Supplementary Table S2 from Avian Paramyxovirus 4 Antitumor Activity Leads to Complete Remissions and Long-term Protective Memory in Preclinical Melanoma and Colon Carcinoma Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RT-qPCR Primers' sequences&lt;/p&gt;
Hypertension characterizes impairment of coronary flow reserve in patients with diabetes (2000)

The aim of this study is to assess the differences in coronary flow reserve (CFR) in diabetic patients with and without mild hypertension, using non-invasive transthoracic Doppler echocardiography. This study included 12 healthy controls and 28 relatively controlled diabetic patients (13 with and 15 without hypertension). No patients had evidence of coronary artery diseases and left ventricular hypertrophy. We evaluated diastolic blood flow velocity in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) at rest and after maximal vasodilation by adenosine infusion, using high resolution transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography. CFR was defined as the ratio of peak hyperemic to basal averaged peak velocity in the LAD. There was no difference in age, HbA1C and LV mass index between diabetic patients with and without hypertension. Compared to the normotensive group (3.0 ± 0.6), CFR was significantly decreased in diabetic patients with hypertension (2.4 ± 0.3). However, CFR of diabetic patients without hypertension (2.9 ± 0.6) did not decrease, significantly. According to our previous study, impairment of CFR could be also found in hypertensive patients without left ventricular hypertrophy. We conclude that hypertension should characterize impairment of CFR in patients with relatively controlled diabetic mellitus.
Insights into the Effect of Metal Ratio on Cooperative Redox Enhancement Effects over Au- and Pd-Mediated Alcohol Oxidation (2023)

The aerobic oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes over supported heterogeneous catalysts can be considered as comprising two complementary and linked processes: dehydrogenation and oxygen reduction. Significant rate enhancements can be observed when these processes are catalyzed by independent active sites, coupled by electron transport between the two catalysts. This effect, termed cooperative redox enhancement (CORE), could significantly influence how researchers approach catalyst design, but a greater understanding of the factors which influence it is required. Herein, we demonstrate that the Au/Pd ratio used in physical mixtures of monometallic catalysts and phase-separated Au and Pd bimetallic catalysts dramatically influences the degree to which CORE effects can promote alcohol oxidation. Perhaps more interestingly, the roles of Au and Pd in this coupled system are determined to be interchangeable. Preliminarily, we hypothesize that this is attributed to the relative rates of the coupled reactions and demonstrate how physical properties can influence this. This deeper understanding of the factors which influence CORE is an important development in bimetallic catalysis.