gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation on Fast Frequency Response of Energy Storage System Equipped with Advanced Frequency Detection Algorithm (2020)

Fast frequency response (FFR) of Energy Storage System (ESS) is regarded as effective way to mitigate the system frequency deviation induced by fluctuation of power generation from the increased renewable energy resources and the impact of reduced system inertia caused by decreased synchronous generators. However, existing standards which refer to technical requirements for frequency measurements seem not to be specific for the frequency measurement used for plant power output control. In order to realize FFR of ESS, this paper proposes improved frequency measurement logic based on phase locked loop (PLL), and has conducted benchmarking against existing PLL and discrete Fourier transformation based frequency measurement logics. Finally, FFR performance of ESS with each frequency measurement logic has been tested in Control Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL) simulation. This CHIL composes of the actual Power Plant Controller (PPC), the actual inverter control board and the real time simulator. In CHIL experiments, several system disturbance situations which are likely to happen in actual power systems have been considered as test cases, and measurement accuracy and latency of each frequency measurement logic is evaluated. Also, plant power output control performance of ESS based on predefined FFR curve has been experimentally confirmed by closed loop power control simulation with CHIL environment. In conclusion, this paper reveals the effects of frequency measurement accuracy and latency on FFR performance of ESS, and proposes considerations for frequency measurement method used for FFR.
28nm FD-SOI technology and design platform for sub-10pJ/cycle and SER-immune 32bits processors (2015)

This paper presents the technology and design optimization performed in 28nm FD-SOI to reach ultra-low energy and/or soft-error tolerance on ARM® Cortex®-M4 32bits processors. A 8.9pJ per cycle efficiency was measured while performing at 0.5V/45MHz, and a soft-error immunity was measured under alpha and neutron radiation while performing at 1.0V/730MHz. These results were achieved by the design of specific standard cells, macros and clock tree architectures, the technology intrinsic performances, and an adapted CAD flow.
Off-grid solar PV–wind power–battery–water electrolyzer plant: Simultaneous optimization of component capacities and system control (2023)

Green hydrogen production systems will play an important role in the energy transition from fossil-based fuels to zero-carbon technologies. This paper investigates a concept of an off-grid alkaline water electrolyzer plant integrated with solar photovoltaic (PV), wind power, and a battery energy storage system (BESS). The operation of the plant is simulated over 30 years with 5 min time resolution based on measured power generation data collected from a solar photovoltaic installation and a wind farm located in southeastern Finland. Levelized cost of hydrogen (LCOH) is calculated based on the capital expenditures (CAPEX), the operating expenses (OPEX), and the respective learning curves for each of the components. Component degradation and replacements during the operational lifetime are included in the model, and the capacity of the components and the system control are simultaneously optimized to obtain the minimum LCOH. A sensitivity analysis performed over different installation years and discount rates reveals that for the off-grid alkaline system, the implementation of a wind farm as the sole power supply is the most economical solution until the installation years 2035–2040. Solar PV and a BESS are found to increase the full-load hours of the electrolyzer and reduce the electricity curtailed in the off-grid plant to less than 8%. However, with the current component prices and the climate in the studied region, they are not economically beneficial. It is found that the cost of hydrogen can be reduced to 2 €/kg by the year 2030.
Synthesis and Potent Anti-HIV Activity of l-3‘-Fluoro-2‘,3‘-Unsaturated Cytidine (2001)

L-2',3'-Didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-fluorocytidine (L-3'-Fd4C), a novel potent anti-HIV agent (EC(50) 0.03 microM in PBM cells), has been synthesized from L-xylose in 14 steps. [reaction: see text]
Enhanced frequency agility of high-power relativistic backward wave oscillators (1996)

This paper describes how finite length effects in high-power backward wave oscillators can be exploited in a controlled manner to achieve enhanced frequency agility. Experiments were performed using a Sinus-6 high-power relativistic repetitively pulsed electron beam accelerator. A uniform slow wave structure was used in these studies and its parameters were fixed. Sections of smooth-walled circular waveguide of varying lengths were inserted both before and after the slow wave structure. Variations in the length of smooth-walled waveguide on the order of a quarter-wavelength of the generated electromagnetic radiation were found to significantly affect both microwave frequency and radiation efficiency in a periodic-like manner. The experimental results were reproduced in TWOQUICK electromagnetic particle-in-cell simulations. A bandwidth of about 500 MHz centered around 9.5 GHz at hundreds of MW power levels has been achieved with constant beam and slow wave structure parameters.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist Trigger: The Way to Eliminate Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome—A 20-Year Experience (2010)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) trigger instead of human chorionic gonadotropin in the context of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) prevention has been used for >20 years. In its first decade it did not gain popularity because it cannot work in GnRHa-based ovarian stimulation protocols. The introduction of GnRH antagonists has revolutionized our ability to eliminate OHSS completely because patients at high risk for OHSS can be triggered with GnRHa. This has been documented in randomized prospective studies, in which none of the patients randomized to the agonist trigger arm developed OHSS. In other words, GnRHa proved to be a potent tool that, truly remarkably, never fails. Although there is some debate concerning the clinical outcome of these cycles, data so far indicate that aggressive luteal support can ensure a good outcome. Moreover, the large number of frozen embryos in these cycles results in excellent per-oocyte retrieval pregnancy rates. In summary, GnRHa ovulatory trigger is the ultimate tool for complete OHSS prevention. GnRH antagonist-based ovarian stimulation protocols should be considered in OHSS high-risk patients so GnRHa trigger can be used if needed.
Energy-Eﬃcient Online Provisioning for HPCWorkloads (2013)

Distributed computational infrastructures as well as the applications and services that they support are increasingly becoming an integral part of society and aﬀecting every aspect of life. As a result, ensuring their eﬃcient and robust operation is critical. However, the scale and overall complexity of these systems is growing at an alarming rate (current data centers contain tens to hundreds of thousands of computing and storagedevices running complex applications), and issues related topower consumption, air conditioning, and cooling infrastructures are critical concerns impacting reliability as well as operating costs. In fact, power and cooling rates are increasing eightfold every year [1], and are becoming a dominant part of IT budgets. Addressing these costs while balancing multiple dimensions, including performance, quality of service, and reliability is thus an important and immediate task, since it can help service providers increase proﬁtability by reducing operational costs and environmental impact, without signiﬁcant reduction in the service level delivered.
Bin1: a favorable prognostic marker and chemotherapeutic modulator in neuroblastoma (2008)

A35 Bin1 protein displays multiple functions such as suppression of oncogenic transformation and promoting apoptosis. Loss or reduction of Bin1 expression has been evident in many human cancers including breast, prostate, and neuroblastoma (NB), and correlated with the poor outcome of patients. NB originates from precursor cells of the peripheral nervous system and is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. The tumor is metastatic in 70% of NB patients at the time of diagnosis and the overall prognosis is particularly poor despite aggressive therapies (10-40% survival in high-risk cases). Here we show that Bin1 is frequently reduced or lost in cell lines derived from the bone marrow metastasis or abdominal mass of NB patients. To establish the direct functional link between Bin1 expression and NB, we created NB cell lines that stably overexpress Bin1. Because Bin1 has a role in apoptosis and because survival of cancer cells in the systemic circulation plays a crucial role in the multistep metastatic process, we examined the role of Bin1 in cell survival under an anchorage disrupted condition. Forced Bin1 overexpression in the stable cells increased cell death when cultured in Poly-Hema coated plates. This type of cell death is believed to be a specialized apoptosis (anoikis) . Additionally, many chemotherapeutic agents kill tumor cells via apoptosis, and we also evaluated the influence of Bin1 on chemosensitivity. The results showed that Bin1 overexpression enhances cell killing by Doxorubicin, a commonly used anticancer agent. Proteomic analyses of cell lysates from Bin1 transfectants versus the vector controls revealed differentially expressed proteins. This indicates that Bin1 may modify the metastatic behaviors and chemoresponsiveness in NB via regulating the expression levels of other cellular proteins. Our results establish Bin1 as an important factor for NB metastasis and chemosensitivity. Thus, loss of Bin1 could serve as a prognostic marker for metastatic potential and therapeutic response, and targeting Bin1 and Bin1-regulated pathways could be a rational strategy for the treatment of high-risk NB patients.
Data from A Novel Epigenetic Signature for Early Diagnosis in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Lung cancer remains as the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, mainly due to late diagnosis. Cytology is the gold-standard method for lung cancer diagnosis in minimally invasive respiratory samples, despite its low sensitivity. We aimed to identify epigenetic biomarkers with clinical utility for cancer diagnosis in minimally/noninvasive specimens to improve accuracy of current technologies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The identification of novel epigenetic biomarkers in stage I lung tumors was accomplished using an integrative genome-wide restrictive analysis of two different large public databases. DNA methylation levels for the selected biomarkers were validated by pyrosequencing in paraffin-embedded tissues and minimally invasive and noninvasive respiratory samples in independent cohorts.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We identified nine cancer-specific hypermethylated genes in early-stage lung primary tumors. Four of these genes presented consistent CpG island hypermethylation compared with nonmalignant lung and were associated with transcriptional silencing. A diagnostic signature was built using multivariate logistic regression model based on the combination of four genes: &lt;i&gt;BCAT1, CDO1, TRIM58&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;ZNF177&lt;/i&gt;. Clinical diagnostic value was also validated in multiple independent cohorts and yielded a remarkable diagnostic accuracy in all cohorts tested. Calibrated and cross-validated epigenetic model predicts with high accuracy the probability to detect cancer in minimally and noninvasive samples. We demonstrated that this epigenetic signature achieved higher diagnostic efficacy in bronchial fluids as compared with conventional cytology for lung cancer diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Minimally invasive epigenetic biomarkers have emerged as promising tools for cancer diagnosis. The herein obtained epigenetic model in combination with current diagnostic protocols may improve early diagnosis and outcome of lung cancer patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3361–71. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
In vivo MRI electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) of tumors. (2006)

A significant increase in electrical conductivity of neoplasticities compared to healthy tissues and benign formations has been reported in several studies. We previously reported preliminary results with MR based Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) on several phantoms and a single animal. In the presented study, we applied the technique on ten tumor-bearing rats and collected MREIT images to investigate the potential of MREIT for characterizing malignant tumors. Results show that the tumors had significantly higher mean conductivity compared to the mean of conductivity in the rest of the body. Although heterogeneity of conductivity was observed in the tumor, the mean was still higher than the background.
Dissolution and Recrystallization of Iron Oxide during MICP (2020)

An MICP field trial was performed at the Integrated Field-Scale Subsurface Research Challenge (IFRC) site, at Rifle, Colorado, USA. Non-destructive geophysical tests were used to monitor changes in soil properties as a function of time, while groundwater was sampled and tested for chemical indicators, including pH and dissolved iron content. During the field trial, the measured concentration of dissolved iron (Fe2+ ferrous iron) increased, which implied that the increased microbial activity resulted in dissolution of naturally occurring iron oxides, which are naturally occurring cementation agents. Column tests were performed to compare dissolved iron concentrations in the effluent of MICP tests performed in silty sands to sands with iron oxide. Release of ferrous iron was observed in the columns with iron oxide mineral phases; however, no observable differences were detected in the distribution of mass of calcite precipitated within the soil columns.
Advances in percolated thermal underfill (PTU) simulations for 3D-integration (2015)

To satisfy the increasing need in today's industry for high performance, more complex chips are being designed. These chips, when integrated in 3D packages, have a high energy density and require new and innovative cooling strategies as many of them are designed as flip-chip assemblies, usually requiring back-side cooling. Classical underfills currently used offer poor thermal conductivity. But cooling through the underfill would enable cost-efficient and low complexity cooling solutions. For this purpose, thermal underfills with percolating fillers and necks are currently under development. They are to provide a significant improvement in thermal conductivity to classical capillary underfills and will find applications in, for example, 3D integrated packages to improve heat dissipation. The idea behind the percolating thermal underfill (PTU) comprises a sequential joint forming process ensuring a high fill fraction. Although flip chip technology has been well described, the addition of the neck based percolating underfill could entail several new thermo-mechanical reliability concerns that need to be studied using a physics of failure approach, since the PTU exhibits vastly different thermo-mechanical behavior, giving rise to possible new failure mechanisms and locations. This paper in particular deals with FE simulations carried out to understand different key aspects of the thermal underfill and to study the effects of the increased underfill stiffness at these locations. The simulations are implemented using detailed elastic, plastic, visco-elastic and visco-plastic material data. In case of larger models a complexity reduction is required and implemented by using effective material data to improve computational time.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Detailed Characterization, and Theoretical Understanding of Mononuclear Chromium(III)‐Containing Polyoxotungstates [CrIII(HXVW7O28)2] 13‐ (X: P, As) with Exceptionally Large Magnetic Anisotropy. (2014)

Abstract Compounds (IV) and (VI) are characterized in the solid state by single crystal XRD, IR spectroscopy, EPR, magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations.
Three dimensional two-photon brain imaging in freely moving mice using a miniature fiber coupled microscope with active axial-scanning (2018)

We present a miniature head mounted two-photon fiber-coupled microscope (2P-FCM) for neuronal imaging with active axial focusing enabled using a miniature electrowetting lens. We show three-dimensional two-photon imaging of neuronal structure and record neuronal activity from GCaMP6s fluorescence from multiple focal planes in a freely-moving mouse. Two-color simultaneous imaging of GFP and tdTomato fluorescence is also demonstrated. Additionally, dynamic control of the axial scanning of the electrowetting lens allows tilting of the focal plane enabling neurons in multiple depths to be imaged in a single plane. Two-photon imaging allows increased penetration depth in tissue yielding a working distance of 450 μm with an additional 180 μm of active axial focusing. The objective NA is 0.45 with a lateral resolution of 1.8 μm, an axial resolution of 10 μm, and a field-of-view of 240 μm diameter. The 2P-FCM has a weight of only ~2.5 g and is capable of repeatable and stable head-attachment. The 2P-FCM with dynamic axial scanning provides a new capability to record from functionally distinct neuronal layers, opening new opportunities in neuroscience research.
How can we use nanophotonics to help in combating climate change? (2008)

The paper is about emerging technologies enabled by nanophotonics to combat climate change. We developed and demonstrated 1.) nanocrystal hybridized white light sources and those also embedded with plasmonic metal nanoparticles for the reduction of global energy consumption, 2.) photovoltaic nanocrystal scintillators hybridized on solar cells for the generation of efficient green energy sources, and 3.) photocatalytic nanoparticle and nanocomposite systems for massive environmental decontamination, all to contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas amount.
Dynamics of Contacting Head-Disk Interfaces (2004)

We have successfully designed, fabricated, and tested contact recording sliders where most of the suspension load is supported by an air-bearing surface with only a small contact force (<5 mN) acting on the rear contact pad. To understand the contact dynamics, we have developed an integrated approach where experimental results from friction and laser doppler vibrometry are modeled using an air-bearing code modified to include contact forces. A low bounce (<1 nm mean-to-peak) is achieved in our designs by reducing the real area of contact to minimize friction, by increasing disk roughness, and/or by reducing the width of the slider contact pad. Due to the reduced magnetic spacing, these contact recording heads have bit-error rates several orders lower than conventional flying heads.
Test coverage and post-verification defects: A multiple case study (2009)

Test coverage is a promising measure of test effectiveness and development organizations are interested in cost-effective levels of coverage that provide sufficient fault removal with contained testing effort. We have conducted a multiple-case study on two dissimilar industrial software projects to investigate if test coverage reflects test effectiveness and to find the relationship between test effort and the level of test coverage. We find that in both projects the increase in test coverage is associated with decrease in field reported problems when adjusted for the number of prerelease changes. A qualitative investigation revealed several potential explanations, including code complexity, developer experience, the type of functionality, and remote development teams. All these factors were related to the level of coverage and quality, with coverage having an effect even after these adjustments. We also find that the test effort increases exponentially with test coverage, but the reduction in field problems increases linearly with test coverage. This suggests that for most projects the optimal levels of coverage are likely to be well short of 100%.
Important Complexities of the Antivirulence Target Paradigm: A Novel Ostensibly Resistance-Avoiding Approach for Treating Infections: Table 1. (2015)

Use of antivirulence therapy has assumed that inhibition of bacterial fitness at the site of infection without directly affecting viability will minimize the development of resistance. However, selection for resistant strains is much more likely to occur at sites of colonization or in the environment following excretion of the therapeutic agent. Data are needed regarding whether the drug's target promotes fitness among bacteria in (drug-exposed) niches other than sites of infection. Furthermore, in vivo studies of resistance selection should assess off-target selection for resistance (eg, within the microbiome). Only when such data are available can the risk for development of resistance be gauged appropriately.
Direct numerical simulation of flow across a compliant cylinder (2002)

A direct numerical simulation (DNS) code is constructed for solving flow across a three-dimensional deformable bluff body. In the present study, DNS of flow across rigid and compliant cylinders is performed to evaluate the code and the drag reduction effect with a compliant coating. The Strouhal number of shedding of the Karman vortex is calculated and it agrees well with that reported in the literature. Additionally, a slight increase of pressure drag is observed while the friction drag is reduced.
Synthesis of Silver Nanostructures and their Application in Highly Sensitive SERS Sensors (2017)

&lt;p class="p1"&gt;A comparison of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) activity of chemically synthesised silver nanostructures with different shapes is reported. The silver nanostructures of cubical, prism and wire like morphology were synthesised using chemical synthesis route and utilised as SERS substrates. The sensors were fabricated by spin coating these materials over a Silicon or glass substrate. The fabricated sensors were used to analyse response with two different analytes, 4-Mercaptobenzoic acid and Rhodamine 6G under different concentrations. The signal enhancement was compared with a silver coated thin film over glass substrate and it was observed that the enhancement of the order of 10&lt;span class="s1"&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3 &lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;is achieved. The nanowire performed better than the other forms of silver and gave a higher signal enhancement for all the analytes as compared to other nanostructures. The fabricated sensors may be useful for various applications including explosive and biowarfare agent detection.&lt;/p&gt;