gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of the Lipoxygenase Pathway in Bone-Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells by Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor γ. (91.21) (2009)

Abstract Enzymes of the lipoxygenase (LOX) family generate lipid mediators that activate the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR γ) and regulate immune and inflammatory reactions. GMCSF upregulates the 5-LOX pathway whereas IL-4 suppresses 5-LOX and upregulates 15-LOX expression. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether, in addition of being a molecular target of the lipid mediators generated from arachidonate oxidation by LOX enzymes, PPAR γ regulates the expression of both 5- and 15-LOX. We show that during differentiation of BMDC in GMCSF and IL-4, the loss of PPAR γ resulted in upregulation of 15-LOX. Phenotypically, PPAR γ deficient BMDC differentiated in GMCSF and IL-4 expressed more CD40 and less CD36 than PPARγ-expressing cells. Also, PPAR γ-defficient cells differentiated in the presence of GMCSF alone had more 5-LOX mRNA than PPAR γ-expressing cells, which was paralleled by upregulation of PPAR δ. The loss of PPAR γ did not change the expression of 5-LOX activating protein. LPS stimulation of mature BMDC induced secretion of LTB4, a product of the 5-LOX pathway, in cells differentiated in GMCSF although the loss of PPAR γ did not have any effect on the amount of this lipid mediator released. Our results suggest that a negative feed-back loop is initiated following activation of PPAR γ that regulates further generation of more endogenous ligands.
Synthesis and characterization of oxygen-functionalised-NHC silver(i) complexes and NHC transmetallation to nickel(ii) (2014)

The new alcohol- and ether-functionalised-NHC silver(I) complexes bis(1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(I) chloride, [Ag{ImDiPP(C2OH)}2]Cl (4), bis(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-mesityl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(I) chloride, [Ag{ImMes(C2OH)}2]Cl (5), bis(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(I) chloride, [Ag{ImMe(C2OH)}2]Cl (6), bis(1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(I) tetrafluoroborate, [Ag{ImDiPP(C2OH)}2]BF4 (9), and bis(1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)silver(I) chloride, [Ag{ImDiPP(C2OMe)}2]Cl (13), were synthesized and fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and single crystal X-ray diffraction. For some complexes, an uncommon heteronuclear coupling (4)J((107/109)Ag-H) was unveiled. Their ability to transfer the NHC ligand to Ni(II) was assessed in the presence of different nickel(II) sources; the bis-NHC Ni(II) complex bis(1-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-(2-methoxyethyl)-1H-imidazol-2(3H)-ylidene)nickel(II) chloride, [NiCl2{ImDiPP(C2OMe)}2] (15), was obtained from 13 and shown by X-ray diffraction study to have a trans-arrangement of the two NHC ligands. However, in contrast to other Ag(I) NHC complexes the transmetallation reaction failed with the hydroxyl-functionalised silver complexes, possibly due to the acidity of the alcohol OH function, leading overall to reprotonation of the C(NHC) and isolation of the corresponding imidazolium salts.
Predicting short-term disability progression in early multiple sclerosis: added value of MRI parameters (2007)

The rate of cerebral atrophy conveys added information for the progression of disability in patients with early MS, suggesting that clinical disability is determined by neurodegenerative changes as depicted by MRI.
Play, attention, and learning: How do play and timing shape the development of attention and influence classroom learning? (2013)

The behavioral and neurobiological connections between play and the development of critical cognitive functions, such as attention, remain largely unknown. We do not yet know how these connections relate to the formation of specific abilities, such as spatial ability, and to learning in formal environments, such as in the classroom. Insights into these issues would be beneficial not only for understanding play, attention, and learning individually, but also for the development of more efficacious systems for learning and for the treatment of neurodevelopmental disorders. Different operational definitions of play can incorporate or exclude varying types of behavior, emphasize varying developmental time points, and motivate different research questions. Relevant questions to be explored in this area include, How do particular kinds of play relate to the development of particular kinds of abilities later in life? How does play vary across societies and species in the context of evolution? Does play facilitate a shift from reactive to predictive timing, and is its connection to timing unique or particularly significant? This report will outline important research steps that need to be taken in order to address these and other questions about play, human activity, and cognitive functions.
Evaluation of the xTAG Gastrointestinal Pathogen Panel Assay for the Detection of Enteric Pathogens in Kuwait (2016)

In this study, xTAG GPP detected twice as many pathogens as the conventional assays. We recommend the introduction of this assay in routine diagnostic laboratories for a rapid and better diagnosis and treatment of diarrheal disease.
Coxsackievirus Infections and NOD Mice (2007)

Human enteroviruses (HEVs) like the group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) are prime candidates for infectious, environmental causes of human type 1 diabetes (T1D). Non-obese diabetic (NOD) female mice are well protected from T1D onset if inoculated with CVB when young. Older, prediabetic NOD mice can rapidly develop T1D following inoculation with CVB, mimicking clinical reports of disease-associated T1D onset. The ability to induce rapid T1D in NOD mice is linked to the rate of replication of the CVB strain in beta cell cultures and pancreatic tissue, indicating that any CVB strain is potentially diabetogenic under the correct conditions. Rapid T1D onset is preceded by CVB replication in islet cells including beta cells. Although CVB strains do not productively infect healthy islets of young mice, CVBs can replicate in healthy islets in the presence of murine IL-4. These models expand much of what is known or suspected regarding the etiologic role of HEVs in human T1D.
Laparoscopic isolated caudate lobectomy for HCC (2021)

Hepatoma Research is an open access journal and focuses on all topics related to hepatoma. The following articles are especially welcome: pathogenesis, clinical examination and early diagnosis of hepatoma, complications of hepatoma, and their preventions and treatments, etc.
A phase 1/2, open‐label, multicenter study of isatuximab in combination with cemiplimab in patients with lymphoma (2022)

Patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma have limited treatment options, requiring newer regimens. In this Phase 1/2 study (NCT03769181), we assessed the safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of isatuximab (Isa, anti-CD38 antibody) in combination with cemiplimab (Cemi, anti-programmed death-1 [PD-1] receptor antibody; Isa + Cemi) in patients with classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). In Phase 1, we characterized the safety and tolerability of Isa + Cemi with planned dose de-escalation to determine the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D). Six patients in each cohort were treated with a starting dose of Isa + Cemi to determine the RP2D. In Phase 2, the primary endpoints were complete response in Cohort A1 (cHL anti-PD-1/programmed death-ligand 1 [PD-L1] naïve), and objective response rate in Cohorts A2 (cHL anti-PD-1/PD-L1 progressors), B (DLBCL), and C (PTCL). An interim analysis was performed when the first 18 (Cohort A1), 12 (Cohort A2), 17 (Cohort B), and 11 (Cohort C) patients in Phase 2 had been treated and followed up for 24 weeks. Isa + Cemi demonstrated a manageable safety profile with no new safety signals. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed at the starting dose; thus, the starting dose of each drug was confirmed as the RP2D. Based on the Lugano 2014 criteria, 55.6% (Cohort A1), 33.3% (Cohort A2), 5.9% (Cohort B), and 9.1% (Cohort C) of patients achieved a complete or partial response. Pharmacokinetic analyses suggested no effect of Cemi on Isa exposure. Modest clinical efficacy was observed in patients with cHL regardless of prior anti-PD-1/PD-L1 exposure. In DLBCL or PTCL cohorts, interim efficacy analysis results did not meet prespecified criteria to continue enrollment in Phase 2 Stage 2. Isa + Cemi did not have a synergistic effect in these patient populations.
TESTING OF STATE ROADSIDE SAFETY SYSTEMS. VOLUME XIV: APPENDIX M: - LABORATORY AND PENDULUM TESTING OF MODIFIED BREAKAWAY WOODEN POSTS (1996)

The purpose of this study is to crash test and evaluate new or modified roadside safety hardware and, where necessary, redesign the devices to improve their impact performance. The three major areas addressed in this study are the impact performance of bridge railings, transitions from guardrails to bridge railings, and end treatments for guardrails and median barriers. This report presents the results of laboratory and pendulum tests conducted on a new breakaway wooden post design intended for use with a modified MELT terminal. The new post design incorporates longitudinal slots cut into a standard MELT end post, both above and below the post bolt slot. A total of 12 laboratory tests were first conducted to determine the optimal slot lengths to be used. Upon selection of the optimal slot lengths, one pendulum test was conducted to assess the capacity of the new posts as anchorage for the MELT terminal. An additional 30 pendulum tests were then conducted to assess the breakaway characteristics of the new end post and those of a modified line post with a similar design. This volume is the fourteenth in a series of 14 volumes for the final report.
Machine learning for design of degenerate Cas13a crRNAs using lassa virus as a model of highly variable RNA target (2023)

The design of minimum CRISPR RNA (crRNA) sets for detection of diverse RNA targets using sequence degeneracy has not been systematically addressed. We tested candidate degenerate Cas13a crRNA sets designed for detection of diverse RNA targets (Lassa virus). A decision tree machine learning (ML) algorithm (RuleFit) was applied to define the top attributes that determine the specificity of degenerate crRNAs to elicit collateral nuclease activity. Although the total number of mismatches (0-4) is important, the specificity depends as well on the spacing of mismatches, and their proximity to the 5' end of the spacer. We developed a predictive algorithm for design of candidate degenerate crRNA sets, allowing improved discrimination between "included" and "excluded" groups of related target sequences. A single degenerate crRNA set adhering to these rules detected representatives of all Lassa lineages. Our general ML approach may be applied to the design of degenerate crRNA sets for any CRISPR/Cas system.
Membrane type-matrix metalloproteinases in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. (2006)

MT-MMPs are expressed in IPF, in the same cell types as MMP2. Mostly by different types of epithelial cells a pivotal component in the aberrant remodeling of the lung microenvironment. Interestingly MT3-MMP that was found in fibroblastic foci was upregulated in vitro by TGF-beta1 a potent profibrotic mediator.
Abstract 1277: Utilizing uterine cancer models to study malignant transformation driven by Lkb1 loss. (2013)

Abstract The serine-threonine kinase LKB1 is an upstream component of the AMPK-mTOR pathway and regulates cell survival and growth. Inherited germline mutations in LKB1 predispose women to endocervical malignancies whereas somatic mutations in LKB1 promote cervical cancer progression. Our lab has shown that tissue specific knockout of Lkb1 in the endometrial epithelium of mice facilitates growth of highly invasive, lethal tumors that are well differentiated and retain structural polarity. Additionally, stable shRNA mediated knockdown of LKB1 in human immortalized endocervical cells drives anchorage-independent growth. To investigate potential pathways involved in LKB1 mediated oncogenic transformation, we have employed a microarray based approach comparing hits from human immortalized endocervical cell lines and mouse tissue to identify specific genes that are differentially regulated when LKB1 function is absent. Preliminary data suggests that pro-angiogenic and inflammatory mediators are upregulated in LKB1 deficient cells. We are currently assessing the overall contribution of these factors to growth and invasiveness in our model systems and the mechanisms by which Lkb1 loss facilitates their activation. These pathways can be potential therapeutic targets in other cancers characterized by Lkb1 loss of function mutations. Citation Format: Christopher G. Peña, Yuji Nakada, Diego Castrillon. Utilizing uterine cancer models to study malignant transformation driven by Lkb1 loss. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1277. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1277
An Optimization-based Approach to Flow Control and Resource Allocation Problem in Satellite Communication Systems (2004)

We propose an approach to optimize resource sharing and flow control in a multi-beam broadband satellite system that supports both unicast and multicast flows. We show that, in this architecture, the load on every spot-beam queue could be different, depending on the type of the flows and the distribution of the receivers across spot-beam coverage areas. This load imbalance may significantly under-utilize the system resources and decrease the system throughput when both unicast and multicast flows are active in the system. In this paper, we formulate an optimization problem for intra- and inter-beam resource sharing such that the variance of the session rates experienced by users of a flow located in different beam coverage areas is minimized. The result of our resource allocation also determines the maximum sustainable rate of each flow. We present results that compare the beam utilization and maximum sustainable sessions rates with and without optimization. We conclude that this method improves the average session rates up to 40% and average utilization of the system up to 15% when both unicast and multicast flows are active.
Development and Validation of the Rappel Indicé-24 (2016)

The primary goals of the present study were to develop and validate the Rappel Indicé 24 (RI-24), a shorter version of the original Rappel Indicé, which includes 48 items (RI-48), and to identify the specific brain regions that were correlated with scores on the RI-24. Using these clinical scales, the present study evaluated 91 elderly Korean participants who were classified into 3 groups: normal control (NC; n = 34), patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; n = 29), and patients with Alzheimer disease (AD; n = 28). Of the 91 participants, 77 also underwent magnetic resonance imaging scans. The RI-24 delayed cued recall (DCR) scores significantly differed among the NC, MCI, and AD groups. A receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the RI-24 was very sensitive (89%) and specific (91%) for the detection of AD. Furthermore, although the time needed to administer the RI-24 was half that needed for the RI-48, the 24-item version showed a high correlation (r= .85 for the DCR score) with the 48-item version. In terms of brain morphological characteristics, voxel-based morphometry analyses revealed a significant positive correlation between DCR score and gray matter volume in the parahippocampal gyrus (r= .468), which plays a role in cued recall. Taken together, the present findings indicate that the RI-24 is a sensitive and reliable test for the detection of memory impairments in patients with MCI and AD despite its brief administration time.
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of E-Beam and Thermally Curable IPN Thermosets (2002)

Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) materials possess unique properties that can be exploited for multicomponent composite armor systems, including toughness and thermal stability. E-beam curing of composites and adhesives offers advantages, such as reduced cure shrinkages, over traditional autoclave processing by curing multiple resins through the thickness for thick-section composites in a single step. Because of the complexity and thickness of composite integral armor structures, e-beam curing is an attractive processing method for Future Combat System applications, and the development of these new resins permits this approach. This research seeks to discern the differences in viscoelastic behavior between traditional thermal and e-beam curing in IPN resins, as these viscoelastic characteristics may prove important for composite integral armor applications.
Solvent‐ and Metal‐Free Ketonization of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters and Triacylglycerols with Nitrous Oxide (2007)

Abstract Herein we report a new, one‐step procedure for the metal‐free ketonization of unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters and triacylglycerol mixtures with nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The conversion of various substrates can be tuned by parameters such as temperature, reaction time and N 2 O partial pressure. This ketonization chemistry offers various advantages over the classic Wacker catalytic process and a state‐of‐the‐art two‐step procedure via intermediate epoxides.
Determination of motion breakpoints in a task sequence from human hand motion (2002)

This paper describes the authors' work on the temporal segmentation of grasping task sequences based on human hand motion. The segmentation process results in the identification of motion breakpoints separating the different constituent phases of the grasping task. A grasping task is composed of three basic phases: pregrasp phase, static grasp phase, and manipulation phase. The authors show that by analyzing the fingertip polygon (preshape) area and the speed of hand movement, they can divide a task into meaningful action segments such as approach object, grasp object, manipulate object, place object, and depart. The authors introduce a measure called the volume sweep rate, which is the product of the fingertip polygon area and the hand speed. The profile of this measure is also used in the determination of the task breakpoints. The temporal task segmentation process is important as it serves as a preprocessing step to the characterization of the task phases. Once the breakpoints have been identified, further analyses such as grasp recognition and object motion extraction can then be carried out.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Productive HIV-1 infection of tissue macrophages by fusion with infected CD4+ T cells (2023)

Macrophages are essential for HIV-1 pathogenesis and represent major viral reservoirs. Therefore, it is critical to understand macrophage infection, especially in tissue macrophages, which are widely infected in vivo, but poorly permissive to cell-free infection. Although cell-to-cell transmission of HIV-1 is a determinant mode of macrophage infection in vivo, how HIV-1 transfers toward macrophages remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that fusion of infected CD4+ T lymphocytes with human macrophages leads to their efficient and productive infection. Importantly, several tissue macrophage populations undergo this heterotypic cell fusion, including synovial, placental, lung alveolar, and tonsil macrophages. We also find that this mode of infection is modulated by the macrophage polarization state. This fusion process engages a specific short-lived adhesion structure and is controlled by the CD81 tetraspanin, which activates RhoA/ROCK-dependent actomyosin contractility in macrophages. Our study provides important insights into the mechanisms underlying infection of tissue-resident macrophages, and establishment of persistent cellular reservoirs in patients.
Examination of Corrosion on Steel Structures by Innovative Nano Sol-Gel Sensors (2012)

Abstract Corrosion of steel and steel reinforced infrastructures is urgently needed to address, since most of them have been in service for a long time and aging at a rapid pace. This project is exploring a robust sensor system that can accurately determine the corrosion state of steel structures during service; thereby, giving a chance to accurately estimate the durability and prevent catastrophic failure. This paper addresses preliminary work on sol-gel sensors to detect corrosion. As one of the most ubiquitous and mobile ions, chloride contacts and diffuses into the steel and thus leads to corrosion. Sol-gel is an amorphous, mechanically stable, inert, and porous material that has been found to change its conductivity as a function of the amounts of chloride it absorbs. Therefore, sol-gel sensors may be attached to the steel to detect the amounts of available chloride for corrosion. The sensors can be tailored for its sensitivity to chloride concentration, dimension, and compatibility to sensor circuit. We have found that the sol-gel sensors exhibit a systematic trend in detecting the existence and the concentration of chloride ion. The methods of sol-gel preparation, characterization, and responses to chloride concentration are investigated and reported in this study.
Development of discrete nanopores. II. Comparison between layered films and blends of polyolefins (2004)

Abstract Discrete nanopores develop in the interfacial regions of polyolefin blends and layered films under tension. They originate from crazelike structures in the early development stage, which later undergo disruption processes with an increase in strain. The disruption processes appear to be triggered by the existence of adjacent ductile polyolefins and their micromechanical deformations. The degree of nanopore development significantly varies among blends and layered systems, depending on several material parameters, such as the interfacial strength. Discrete nanopores are observed more often in metallocene systems and blends than in Ziegler–Natta systems and layered films. Macroscopically, with the development of discrete nanopores, metallocene systems show higher strain to break and significant shear yielding under tension. The disruption mechanism can be used to prepare nanoporous materials or to improve the mechanical performances of polyolefins. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 708–718, 2005
Plasmon‐Driven Synthesis of Triangular Core–Shell Nanoprisms from Gold Seeds (2007)

Außen ist Silber, innen ist Gold: Mit Goldnanopartikeln als Keimen wurde der Einfluss der Plasmonenanregung beim photochemischen Wachstum von Silbernanoprismen untersucht. Dieser Ansatz ergibt neuartige Kern-Schale-Nanostrukturen, in denen ein sphärischer (siehe TEM-Bild; Einschub: Seitenansicht) oder dreieckig-prismatischer Goldkern von einer dreieckig-prismatischen Silberschale umgeben ist. Die Partikelstruktur lässt sich über die Anregungswellenlänge und den Durchmesser des Goldkerns steuern.
Magic Angle Spinning NMR Investigation of Influenza A M218−60: Support for an Allosteric Mechanism of Inhibition (2010)

The tetrameric M2 proton channel from influenza A virus conducts protons at low pH and is inhibited by aminoadamantyl drugs such as amantadine and rimantadine (Rmt). We report magic angle spinning NMR spectra of POPC and DPhPC membrane-embedded M2(18-60), both apo and in the presence of Rmt. Similar line widths in the spectra of apo and bound M2 indicate that Rmt does not have a significant impact on the dynamics or conformational heterogeneity of this construct. Substantial chemical shift changes for many residues in the transmembrane region support an allosteric mechanism of inhibition. An Rmt titration supports a binding stoichiometry of >1 Rmt molecule per channel and shows that nonspecific binding or changes in membrane composition are unlikely sources of the chemical shift changes. In addition, doubling of spectral lines in all of the observed samples provides evidence that the channel assembles with twofold symmetry.