gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Operation of PWM voltage source-inverters in the overmodulation region (1996)

Pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters experience a reduction in gain when overmodulation occurs. The pulse dropping or transition region is examined for continuous and discontinuous modulation strategies. Transition region characteristics for a number of modulation strategies are introduced. The effect of the transition region on field oriented control (FOC) is presented. The adverse effects of bus disturbances on current regulated AC inverters, while in the transition region, are demonstrated by experimental results. The problems encountered are the consequence of the reduced gain of the PWM inverter regardless of the PWM strategy. A compensated modulation technique (CMT) adaptable to continuous and discontinuous modulators eliminates the voltage error and transitions to six-step operation without inducing a voltage transient. The CMT applies to voltage and current regulated PWM inverters employing most of the modern switching strategies. Experimental results presented in the paper demonstrate the CMT's smooth transition to six-step and the improved performance a CMT-PWM algorithm provides.
Monolithic integration of low-threshold-current 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP DFB lasers (1984)

Two 1.3 μm GaInAsP/InP DFB lasers with low threshold currents (28 and 29 mA) were successfully integrated. Both DFB lasers operated continuously at temperatures of up to 68°C. The 12 Å separation in wavelength between the two lasers was produced by a 2 Å difference of the grating periods. A thermal interaction between the two lasers was estimated from the shift in their wavelengths.
Measurement of alpha-lactalbumin in serum and mammary tumors of rats by radioimmunoassay. (1977)

Rat α-lactalbumin was iodinated by lactoperoxidase, chloramine-T, or monoiodochloride to a specific activity of 8 µCi/µg, and all retained immunological cross-reactivity. Separation of the free 125I-labeled α-lactalbumin from the antibody-bound 125I-labeled α-lactalbumin was achieved by selective precipitation of the α-lactalbumin-antibody complex with 10% polyethylene glycol. The optimum conditions for the radioimmunoassay were 0.1 m KCl (pH 7.4) at 4c with protein levels of less than 15 mg/ml. The antiserum dilution was 1:10,000. A standard curve was generated with limits of detection at 2.5 ng/ml of sample or 0.3 ng/ng of protein. Homogenates from normal rat tissues did not cross-react with the radioimmunoassays.

Analysis of rat mammary tumors showed that a large range of α-lactalbumin levels exists within the group of tumors classified as adenocarcinomas. Ascitic cell lines produced low levels of α-lactalbumin. Cross-sectional analysis of the R3230AC tumors indicated that the viable peripheral region contained higher levels of α-lactalbumin than did the central necrotic regions. Serum α-lactalbumin levels correlate well with tumor growth which suggests that secretory tumors may be monitored by serum α-lactalbumin levels. Clearance of α-lactalbumin from the blood was an apparent zero-order process with a 3.5-hr half-life. Numerous organs were involved in the clearance of α-lactalbumin from the blood, the liver and lungs being most active.
Population differences in cutaneous methacholine reactivity and circulating IgE concentrations (1985)

We evaluated the incidence of allergic and vasomotor symptoms, serum IgE concentrations, and the cutaneous responses to allergens and/or methacholine in 229 Waorani Indians residing at 300 m altitude near the headwaters of the Amazon River, 39 Tibetans residing at 4000 m in the Himalayas, and 84 healthy subjects residing at 150 m in the piedmont region of North Carolina. The Waorani Indians had a high level of intestinal parasitism, an intermediate level of parasitism occurs in Tibetans, and parasitism is rare in the control population. One Waorani Indian (less than 1%), six Tibetans (15%), and 59 North Carolina subjects (88%) had a past history of allergic or vasomotor symptoms. The prevalence of positive epicutaneous allergen skin tests among the Waorani was 40 in 2910 tests and was significantly less (chi-squared = 184.5; p less than or equal to 0.0001) than the 151 in 1344 incidence in the North Carolina subjects. Large highly significant differences (p less than or equal to 0.0001) were detected between the geometric mean IgE concentrations (international unit per milliliter) and methacholine-induced cutaneous flare responsiveness (millimeter) elicited, respectively, in comparisons between the Waorani Indians (9806 IU/ml; less than 1.0 mm), Tibetans (2930 IU/ml; 2.06 mm), and North Carolina subjects (108 IU/ml; 4.49 mm). Differences in methacholine sensitivity were small and not significant. A highly significant inverse relationship (r = -0.50, p less than or equal to 0.0001) was detected between the circulating IgE concentrations and the methacholine-induced cutaneous flare responsiveness in this cross-cultural, cross-environmental comparison of three populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Search for pair production of Higgsinos in final states with at least three b-tagged jets in s=13  TeV pp collisions using the ATLAS detector (2018)

s p = 13 TeV pp collisions using the ATLAS detector
Interactions Between the Room-Temperature Ionic Liquid [C2C1Im][OTf] and Pd(111), Well-Ordered Al2O3, and Supported Pd Model Catalysts from IR Spectroscopy (2014)

The interactions between ionic liquids and their supports determine many of their applications. The adsorption of the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate [C2C1Im][OTf] on Pd(111), ordered Al2O3/NiAl(110), and Pd nanoparticles supported on Al2O3/NiAl(110) was investigated under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions using time-resolved infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (TR-IRAS). On Pd, the [OTf]− anion stands up with its CF3 group directed toward the vacuum, whereas the anion is less clearly oriented on the oxide. We also find that strong interactions of the IL with the Pd result in migration of the IL from the oxide to the metal nanoparticles.
Standardization of Perceptually Based Image Quality for Printing Systems (ISO/IEC JTC1 SC28 and INCITS W1.1) (2002)

With the single exception of ISO 13660, there are no generally accepted international standards for describing the image quality of printing systems. ISO 13660 provides simple guidelines for the quantitative measurement of many aspects of image quality for binary, monochrome, printing systems, and has had a significant impact in the printing industry. However, as in most measures of imaging system performance, the visual significance of a measurement difference is not addressed in ISO 13660. This weakness prevents a truly meaningful comparison of printing system specifications. To address this weakness, and to provide evaluation methods applicable to more capable systems incorporating gray-level and full-color imaging technologies, INCITS W1, the U.S. representative of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC28, has been chartered to develop an appearance-based image quality standard. This paper will describe the objectives, the development process, the current status, and the results achieved so far by the many contributors to the development of this standard.
Tetra-n-butylammonium Bromide (2001)

[1643-19-2] C16H36BrN (MW 322.43) (phase-transfer catalyst;1 source of nucleophilic bromide1) Physical Data: mp 103–104 °C. Solubility: sol H2O, 1% aq NaOH, CH2Cl2, EtOH; slightly sol toluene; insol 20% aq NaOH. Form Supplied in: anhydrous white solid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: tetraalkylammonium salts can be titrated with potassium 3,5-di-t-butyl-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonate and iron(III) chloride.1a Preparative Methods: several methods are available to recover the quaternary ammonium ion efficiently.1a Purification: all manipulations should be carried out in a dry-box. The salt can be crystallized from benzene (5 mL g−1) at 80 °C by adding 3 vol of hot hexane and allowing to cool. It can also be purified by precipitation of a saturated solution in dry CCl4 by addition of cyclohexane or by crystallization from a mixture CH2Cl2–Et2O. After filtration, the solid is further dried by heating at 75 °C under vacuo (0.1 mmHg) in the presence of P2O5.2 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: highly hygroscopic; if used in a reaction requiring anhydrous conditions, it should be manipulated in a glove-bag or in a dry-box.
P4‐167: PROGENITOR CELL SENESCENCE IS LINKED TO NEUROVASCULAR DYSFUNCTION AND LOSS OF BRAIN NETWORK CONNECTIVITY (2019)

Depletion of circulating progenitor cell levels has been observed in cognitive impairment and dementia due to Alzheimer's disease and vascular disease. We recently reported depletion of circulating progenitor cells in association with perfusion abnormalities, smaller regional brain volume and worse cognitive performance. No studies to date have investigated whether progenitor cell senescence, indicated by beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) staining, is associated with neurovascular and neurocognitive dysfunction. Twenty-seven older adults (ages 60-89), free of dementia or stroke, were recruited from the community and underwent venipuncture and brain MRI. Blood leukocyte fractions were cultured over one week in colony forming unit (CFU)-Hill media. On the 5th day, CFU-Hill colonies were counted and stained overnight for expression of the senescence marker beta-gal. Multiple linear regression evaluated the relationship between beta-gal levels and both cerebral perfusion (arterial spin-labeling MRI) and brain functional connectivity (resting-state fMRI). A region-of-interest approach was used for perfusion analyses and a voxel-wise approach was used for functional connectivity analyses. All analyses controlled for multiple comparisons and included age and sex as covariates. Participants whose progenitor cells exhibited greater senescence, indicated by increased beta-gal staining, showed decreased posterior cingulate perfusion and less network connectivity between corresponding posterior brain regions and other default mode network regions. The relationship between progenitor senescence and decreased brain network connectivity was independent of age and sex, and survived family-wise error correction. Posterior default mode network regions, including the posterior cingulate, exhibit both decreased perfusion and lower network connectivity in older adults with greater progenitor senescence. These findings could suggest a link between progenitor cell senescence and decreased brain default mode network connectivity through neurovascular dysfunction within corresponding brain areas. Future studies are warranted to determine a potential role for progenitor cell levels and their senescence in neurovascular dysfunction and neurocognitive decline.
Cellular Therapy for Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence (2010)

A critical mechanism to maintain urinary continence in women and men is the striated muscle sphincter (rhabdosphincter) that forms a ring around the mid urethra. Cellular therapy and the use of stem cells transplanted into the site of the rhabdosphincter in a setting of stress urinary incontinence may augment sphincter regeneration. Implanted cells may also release trophic factors promoting muscle and nerve integration into this muscle. We hereby review the use of cellular therapy for SUI and our experience with the development of muscle-derived stem cells.
15 $\times$ 200 Gbit/s 16-QAM SDM Transmission Over an Integrated 7-Core Cladding-Pumped Repeatered Multicore Link in a Recirculating Loop (2017)

We investigate a realistic integrated multicore system consisting of directly spliced components: homogeneous trenchassisted seven-core fiber with a length of 60 km, cladding-pumped seven-core amplifiers, integrated seven-core isolators, and fiberized fan-in/fan-out couplers. We analyze the performance of an in-line repeatered multicore transmission system in a recirculating loop by transmitting a 200 Gbit/s 16-QAM test channel and 14 × 100 Gbit/s QPSK neighboring channels between the wavelengths of 1558.58 and 1564.27 nm in a 50-GHz grid. For every position of the test channel within the considered band we demonstrate transmission distances over 720 km.
Force Constants of Molybdenum− and Tungsten−Pnictogen Triple Bonds (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTForce Constants of Molybdenum− and Tungsten−Pnictogen Triple BondsJane A. Johnson-Carr, Nadia C. Zanetti, Richard R. Schrock, and Michael D. HopkinsView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Department of Chemistry 6-331 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 45, 11305–11306Publication Date (Web):November 13, 1996Publication History Received29 April 1996Published online13 November 1996Published inissue 13 November 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja961405fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja961405frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views332Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Ligands,Order,Oscillation,Raman spectroscopy Get e-Alerts
SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF IMIDAZO[2,1- b][1,3,4]THIADIAZOLE DERIVATIVES. (2016)

In this paper, a series of imidazo[2,l-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles have been prepared by reacting 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole with various phenacyl bromides in alcohol. The structures of all the derivatives were con- firmed by IR, NMR and mass spectroscopy. All the derivatives have been tested for cytostatic activity against human T-lymphocyte cells (CEM), human cervix carcinoma cells (HeLa), murine leukemia cell line (L1210), and antiviral activity. Among the tested compounds, derivatives 5b, 5c, and 7a were cytostatic between 49-63 mM against Hela and 7g was cytotoxic at 23 mM against L1210 and CEM cell lines. Compounds 5h and 7h emerged as antiviral agents with slight activity against influenza A and B.
Implementation of planar proton minibeam radiation therapy using a pencil beam scanning system: A proof of concept study (2018)

This study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing pMBRT on a PBS system. It also confirms the reliability of RAZOR detector for pMBRT dosimetry. This newly developed experimental methodology will support the design of future preclinical research with pMBRT.
Impaired endothelium-mediated cerebrovascular reactivity promotes anxiety and respiration disorders in mice (2020)

Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>), the major product of metabolism, has a strong impact on cerebral blood vessels, a phenomenon known as cerebrovascular reactivity. Several vascular risk factors such as hypertension or diabetes dampen this response, making cerebrovascular reactivity a useful diagnostic marker for incipient vascular pathology, but its functional relevance, if any, is still unclear. Here, we found that GPR4, an endothelial H<sup>+</sup> receptor, and endothelial Gα<sub>q/11</sub> proteins mediate the CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sup>+</sup> effect on cerebrovascular reactivity in mice. CO<sub>2</sub>/H<sup>+</sup> leads to constriction of vessels in the brainstem area that controls respiration. The consequential washout of CO<sub>2</sub>, if cerebrovascular reactivity is impaired, reduces respiration. In contrast, CO<sub>2</sub> dilates vessels in other brain areas such as the amygdala. Hence, an impaired cerebrovascular reactivity amplifies the CO<sub>2</sub> effect on anxiety. Even at atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, impaired cerebrovascular reactivity caused longer apneic episodes and more anxiety, indicating that cerebrovascular reactivity is essential for normal brain function. The site-specific reactivity of vessels to CO<sub>2</sub> is reflected by regional differences in their gene expression and the release of vasoactive factors from endothelial cells. Our data suggest the central nervous system (CNS) endothelium as a target to treat respiratory and affective disorders associated with vascular diseases.
Abstract 4567: Biomarker evaluation in phase I clinical trials of selective PI3K and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. (2013)

Abstract Background: The PI3K/Akt pathway is frequently activated in cancer by multiple mechanisms including PI3K activating mutations, PTEN loss, RTK activation, and other means. GDC-0941 and GDC-0980 are selective PI3K and dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors, respectively, which are currently in phase II clinical development. Assays for candidate predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers were conducted on patient samples collected from phase I studies of GDC-0941 and GDC-0980. The purpose was to confirm pathway inhibition at tolerable doses, as well as look for association between anti-tumor activity and candidate predictive biomarkers. Methods: Archival tumor tissue samples were analyzed using a 6 gene qPCR mutation assay (PIK3CA, EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, NRAS, AKT1), an immunohistochemistry assay for PTEN, and a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay for PIK3CA. Select samples were analyzed for an expanded qPCR mutation panel and subjected to targeted next-generation sequencing (Illumina). For pharmacodynamic biomarker assays, pre- and post-treatment biopsies were collected from a subset of patients. In addition to previously described pS6 analysis, samples were analyzed for phospho-AKT, phospho-PRAS40, and CyclinD1 by immunohistochemistry. Results: Predictive biomarker assays were conducted on over 200 samples from the phase I studies. Overall we found a prevalence of 7% PIK3CA mutations and 12% loss of PTEN in these samples. PIK3CA amplification was observed in several samples from ovarian cancer patients. Based on several means of evaluating tumor response (FDG-PET, RECIST, time on study), activity was seen at or below clinically relevant doses in several different tumor types, including breast, ovarian, and mesothelioma. We report here the predictive biomarker status in all patients from whom tissue was available, and analysis of the extent to which these alterations are associated clinical outcome, to the extent such associations can be determined from a phase I dose escalation study designed to look a safety and tolerability. Conclusions: Pharmacodynamic assays confirmed effective pathway knockdown at safe and tolerated clinical doses of GDC-0941 and GDC-0980. Anti-tumor activity was observed in patients with PIK3CA mutations, as well as some patients whose tumors did not harbor pathway alterations. These data support patient stratification in phase II clinical studies to determine whether predictive biomarkers will be useful in identifying responsive patients. Citation Format: Jill Spoerke, Rupal Desai, Rajesh Patel, Jill Fredrickson, Yulei Wang, Gallia Levy, Steve Gendreau, Jennifer Lauchle, Mika Derynck, Rajiv Raja, Hartmut Koeppen, Garret Hampton, Yibing Yan, Mark R. Lackner. Biomarker evaluation in phase I clinical trials of selective PI3K and PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4567. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4567
Open circuit voltage tuning through molecular design in hydrazone end capped donors for bulk heterojunction solar cells (2012)

The design, synthesis and characterization of five diphenylhydrazone end capped molecules as donors for Bulk Heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells are described. The use of the hydrazone donor instead of the more common amine one is advantageous in terms of synthetic access and overall stability. We show that the variation of both the nature and the substitution pattern of the electron deficient conjugated bridge enables the tuning of the optical energy gap as well as of the HOMO and LUMO. In particular, our data show that the low energy shift of the HOMO level along the series of hydrazone compounds, one of the critical parameters affecting the performance of BHJ cells, is as high as 0.42 eV. We tested all derivatives as donors in a BHJ configuration, using the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM) as the acceptor. We found that the trend we observed in the progressive stabilization of the chromophore HOMO level upon increasing the electron accepting capabilities of the conjugated bridge is reflected in the progressive increase of the cell open circuit voltage (Voc). Our preliminary results show that it is possible to obtain a Voc as high as 0.74 V, along with a power conversion efficiency of 1.2%.
Robust topology design of periodic grating surfaces (2012)

Modern nanoscale manufacturing techniques allow for a high degree of flexibility in designing surface microstructures and nanostructures. Injection molding of nanosized features allows for mass production of plastic components with a tailored nanostructure producing specific optical effects depending on the purpose. This work details the use of topology optimization for designing periodic polymer grating surfaces with complex optical properties. A method based on robust topology optimization is formulated for designing the nanostructure of plastic surfaces with extreme reflection or transmission properties. Topology optimization allows for free distribution of material but a mechanical constraint based on the fundamental free mechanical vibration frequency ensures connected structures. Several examples are given to illustrate the efficiency of the method.
A Reflection-Aware Unified Modeling and Linearization Approach for Power Amplifier Under Mismatch and Mutual Coupling (2018)

The behavior of a power amplifier (PA) is substantially affected by the output mismatch and mutual coupling in modern compact transmitters. To date, different works in the literature address the problem of coupling and mismatch separately, which are limited in terms of performance with a higher level of mismatch and mutual coupling. This paper identifies the reflection at the PA-antenna interface to be an effective parameter to unify the problem of mismatch and mutual coupling. Thus, a reflection-aware PA modeling and linearization method is proposed to compensate the adverse effect of mismatch and/or mutual coupling. The performance of the proposed method is investigated with a class AB and a Doherty PA under wide range of output mismatch and/or mutual coupling conditions with a 20-MHz WCDMA signal. The proposed method shows robust performance with an average adjacent channel power ratio better than 45 dBc. Such robust linearization performance under diverse output mismatch and mutual coupling conditions is highly desirable for modern and future communication systems that are subject to undergo rapid fluctuations under antenna matching and cross-coupling conditions.