gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementing frequency-modulated piezo-based locomotion for achieving further miniaturization for wireless robots (2001)

Amplitude modulated piezo-based locomotion requires one power amplifier for each quadrant electrode on the piezo-legs of miniature robots. Since each amplifier has a significant amount of quiescent current, several DC/DC converters must be embedded to source at least the total amount of quiescent current. In order to achieve a significant reduction in the overall size of the piezo-actuated robots, the number of DC/DC converters is reduced through frequency modulation. Using frequency modulation, the amplitudes of deflection or the step sizes are reduced by modulating the piezo-legs above the resonant frequency. Although the frequency modulated approach can result in much smaller robots than what can be achieved using the amplitude modulated technique, it has some drawbacks that the amplitude modulated approach does not have. First, the magnitudes of deflection of the piezo-legs using frequency modulation are typically more difficult to control. Secondly, for much smaller amplitudes of deflection, the onboard electronics must operate faster, yielding an increase in power consumption and an increase in temperature of the miniature robot, which in turn may affect sensitive embedded instruments. Furthermore, modulating the piezo-legs above the resonant frequency yields a reduction in efficiency, which translates into additional heat. When very small deflections are required, the risk of the temperature to rise beyond the Curie temperature of the piezo-material may also become an issue. All these factors must be considered carefully when frequency modulated piezo-based locomotion is used.
Erythrocyte-binding activity of native PfRH5. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;A Binding of the native PfRH5 protein in the HB3 culture supernatant incubated with untreated (WT) erythrocytes, variously enzyme-treated erythrocytes (N: neuraminidase; HT, high trypsin; C, chymotrypsin). The PfRH5 parasite protein was detected in the eluate fractions by immunoprecipitation with anti-RH5 antibodies in WT, N and C lanes but not HT. B The same eluate samples from (A) were used for the detection of EBA-175 by immunoprecipitation. EBA-175 binds to wild type and chymotrypsin-treated erythrocytes but not to neuraminidase and high trypsin-treated erythrocytes C Binding of the native RH5 protein to erythrocytes treated with lower concentrations of trypsin (LT low trypsin and MT: moderate trypsin). D The eluate samples from (C) were used for the detection of EBA-175 by immunoprecipitation. EBA-175 binds to untreated erythrocytes but not to low-trypsin- and moderate-trypsin-treated erythrocytes.&lt;/p&gt;
Introduction (1997)

For over 30 years the British police service was secure in its assertion that it was a group of organisations free from direct political control or interference in operational matters. The service was justly proud that its reputation for independence and impartiality was admired around the world and it had no fear that government would interfere with that constitutional position. Indeed these features were so fundamental to the British policing system that any change to such a tried and tested model would have been thought to be inconceivable — independent policing was said to be a bedrock of British democracy. The tripartite structure of control of policing, comprising a partnership of central government, local government and chief constable, was believed to be the model that provided for what a former Home Secretary, R.A. Butler, had described as the ‘checks and balances’ of the British Constitution. Indeed Butler stood out against pressure for greater centralisation in the control of police when he said to the ACPO Summer Conference of 1962, I am quite convinced that it would be wrong for one man or one government to be in charge directly of the whole police of this country. Our constitution is based on ‘checks and balances’. This has kept our liberty through the generations. (, 27 June 1962)
Correlation Between Crash Severity and Embankment Geometry (2014)

The severity of a roadside feature is often based on survey responses and has tended to emphasize extreme crash events, thereby overestimating the average severity of a particular feature. In this study, severity was related to embankment geometry by examining real-world accident data over a 7-year period. This was done by correlating the number of severe and fatal accidents to the exposure of particular slope geometries. Slope geometry was described by slope steepness and fill height, and its exposure was described by traffic volume and total unshielded mileage. Severity was adjusted for posted speed limits as well. The Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP) was calibrated such that the distribution of severe injury and fatal accidents accurately reflected real-world data. Using this calibrated version of RSAP, the new severity indexes were studied and equations were created to correlate severity index to functional class, fill height, slope steepness, and posted speed limit. The local highway classification provided the highest severity, and the default severity used in RSAP was increased to accommodate this finding. Freeways, rural arterials, and urban arterials experienced reduced severity indexes relative to default values used in RSAP.
Cavity ring-down spectroscopy with a continuous wave laser (2003)

Most CRDS experiments used pulsed lasers as a light source because the pulsed laser is a convenient source of high-intensity photon bursts, even though the energy coupling efficiency is small. CRDS with a CW laser was successfully demonstrated by Romanini et al. (1997). They used an acousto-optic modulator to interrupt the CW laser beam introduced into the cavity. We demonstrate a new simple CRDS setup that yields photon decay signals only with a PZT instead of using an acousto-optic modulator as an optical switch. We also numerically calculate the coupling efficiency of a CW CRDS system dependent on the laser linewidth, the scanning speed of the cavity, and the finesse of the cavity.
STARTING-UP AND ADJUSTMENT WORKS ON CRYOGENIC AND VACUUM SYSTEM OF THE SUPERCONDUCTING RADIO-FREQUENCY SEPARATOR (2008)

The OKA experimental complex to produce a separated Kaon beam from U-70 proton accelerator is under construction at State Research Center IHEP. The Cryogenic and Vacuum System (CVS) to keep the radiofrequency separator at operating temperature of 1.8 K is now at the commissioning stage. Different modes of the CVS operation are investigated to determine the most efficient and reliable one. Measures for reaching of the CVS design parameters and increasing the reliability of its operation are described. The experimental values of heat leaks to the CVS elements are given. The modes of the CVS operation in the emergencies are examined. The technological parameters data acquisition and control system is described.
Cosmology for Grand Unified Theories with Radiatively Induced Symmetry Breaking (1982)

The treatment of first-order phase transitions for standard grand unified theories is shown to break down for models with radiatively induced spontaneous symmetry breaking. It is argued that proper analysis of these transitions which would take place in the early history of the universe can lead to an explanation of the cosmological homogeneity, flatness, and monopole puzzles.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Multielectron Charge Transfer Process in Group 8 — Platinum Cyanobridged Supramolecular Complexes (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design, Synthesis, and Biochemical Evaluation of 1,5,6,7-Tetrahydro-6,7-dioxo-9-d-Ribitylaminolumazines Bearing Alkyl Phosphate Substituents as Inhibitors of Lumazine Synthase and Riboflavin Synthase (2005)

The last two steps in the biosynthesis of riboflavin, an essential metabolite that is involved in electron transport, are catalyzed by lumazine synthase and riboflavin synthase. To obtain structural probes and inhibitors of these two enzymes, two ribityllumazinediones bearing alkyl phosphate substituents were synthesized. The synthesis involved the generation of the ribityl side chain, the phosphate side chain, and the lumazine system in protected form, followed by the simultaneous removal of three different types of protecting groups. The products were designed as intermediate analogue inhibitors of lumazine synthase that would bind to its phosphate-binding site as well as its lumazine binding site. Both compounds were found to be effective inhibitors of Bacillus subtilislumazine synthase as well as Escherichia coli riboflavin synthase. Molecular modeling of the binding of one of the two compounds provided a structural explanation for how these compounds are able to effectively inhibit both enzymes. In phosphate-free buffer, the phosphate moieties of the inhibitors were found to contribute positively to their binding to Mycobacterium tuberculosis lumazine synthase, resulting in very potent inhibitors with Ki values in the low nanomolar range. The additional carbonyl in the dioxolumazine system versus the purinetrione system was found to make a positive contribution to its binding to E. coli riboflavin synthase.
Biology and clinical features of myeloid neoplasms with inv(3) (q21q26) or t(3;3) (q21q26) (2007)

An inversion of the long arm of chromosome 3 [inv(3)] or a reciprocal translocation between both homologous chromosomes [t(3;3)] are found primarily in myeloid neoplasms, such as myelodysplastic sy...
A ping-pong-pang current-feedback instrumentation amplifier with 0.04% gain error (2011)

A ping-pong-pang auto-zeroed and chopped current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA) uses three dynamically-matched input stages to achieve 0.04% gain error, a 2.5× improvement over prior art. Its 4µV offset and 28nV/√Hz noise are achieved at 3.5× less supply current than a comparable ping-pong auto-zeroed CFIA.
Verification of a topology model of PorT as an integral outer-membrane protein in Porphyromonas gingivalis (2009)

PorT is a membrane-associated protein shown to be essential for the maturation and secretion of a class of cysteine proteinases, the gingipains, from the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. It was previously reported that PorT is located on the periplasmic surface of the inner membrane to function as a chaperone for the maturing proteinases. Our modelling suggested it to be an integral outer-membrane protein with eight anti-parallel, membrane-traversing beta-strands. In this report, the outer-membrane localization model was confirmed by the structural and functional tolerance of PorT to hexahistidine (6xHis) tag insertions at selected locations within the protein using site-directed mutagenesis. Interestingly, those PorT mutations adversely affecting gingipain secretion enhanced expression of the porT gene but at the same time suppressed the transcription of the gingipain rgpB gene. Further, PorT mutants deficient in gingipain activities produced significantly more di- and triaminopeptidase activities. PorT homologues have been found in restricted members of the Bacteroidetes phylum where there is potential for PorT to participate in the maturation and secretion of proteins with characteristic C-terminal domains (CTDs). Knowledge of the cellular localization of PorT will enable analysis of the role of this protein in a new secretory pathway for the export of gingipains and other CTD-class proteins.
Distortion measure of spectrograms for classification of respiratory diseases (2021)

A new method for the classification of respiratory diseases is presented. The method is based on a novel class of features, extracted from pulmonary sounds, by parameterizing their spectrograms that are represented as surfaces, and by utilizing geometrical distortions defined with reference to these surfaces. This method yields a set of highly descriptive features for the analysis of pulmonary sound recordings. Furthermore, by combining these features with Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, we introduce a powerful model for the automatic diagnosis of common respiratory pathologies. Compared with baseline methods, our model achieves superior results for binary and multi-class classifications of common respiratory diseases. Our new approach to the classification of one-dimensional signals is applicable to other signals in the context of their representations in combined spaces or manifolds.
The Correlation between Structure and Physical Properties of Soluble Host for Blue Phosphorescent OLED (2019)

Blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLED) were prepared with the host materials designed for solution process. 3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1,1′:2′,1″-terphenyl and 3,5-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-1, 1′:2′,1″:2″-quarterphenyl were synthesized to investigate the relationship among the molecular structure, solubility, and optoelectronic properties. These materials used 1,3-bis(carbazole-9-yl)benzene as the core structure and ortho-biphenyl or ortho-terphenyl was introduced into the benzene ring between the two carbazole moieties of 1,3-bis(carbazole-9-yl)benzene for the purpose of reducing symmetry and planarity of the molecules. Design concept in this study is unique in terms of the improvement of solubility without the inclusion of an alkyl group, which is generally disadvantageous for OLED stability. The prepared materials, especially with ortho-terphenyl, showed sufficiently better solubility, thermal stability, and high triplet energy even though the extended state of benzene rings. Therefore, it can be employed as a suitable host design concept capable of forming a solution-processed emitting layer having an improved stability for a fabrication of blue phosphorescent OLEDs.
CD86 (B7-2) Can Function to Drive MHC-Restricted Antigen-Specific CTL Responses In Vivo (1999)

Activation of T cells requires both TCR-specific ligation by direct contact with peptide Ag-MHC complexes and coligation of the B7 family of ligands through CD28/CTLA-4 on the T cell surface. We recently reported that coadministration of CD86 cDNA along with DNA encoding HIV-1 Ags i.m. dramatically increased Ag-specific CTL responses. We investigated whether the bone marrow-derived professional APCs or muscle cells were responsible for the enhancement of CTL responses following CD86 coadministration. Accordingly, we analyzed CTL induction in bone marrow chimeras. These chimeras are capable of generating functional viral-specific CTLs against vaccinia virus and therefore represent a useful model system to study APC/T cell function in vivo. In vaccinated chimeras, we observed that only CD86 + Ag + MHC class I results in 1) detectable CTLs following in vitro restimulation, 2) detectable direct CTLs, 3) enhanced IFN-gamma production in an Ag-specific manner, and 4) dramatic tissue invasion of T cells. These results support that CD86 plays a central role in CTL induction in vivo, enabling non-bone marrow-derived cells to prime CTLs, a property previously associated solely with bone marrow-derived APCs.
ML-Based Massive MIMO Channel Prediction: Does It Work on Real-World Data? (2022)

Accurate channel state information (CSI) acquisition is hindered by CSI estimation errors, compression, feedback, and processing delays. We propose a machine learning (ML)-based massive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) channel predictor (CP), which can work on the estimated channel and the compressed version of the estimated channel as well. While existing work has evaluated the performance of ML algorithms by only using the artificially generated channel realizations, this letter reports the results of the ML algorithm using the real-world channel realizations from a measurement campaign performed at Nokia Bell-Labs. The results corroborate the validity of the proposed ML-based CP.
AMI: Attention based Adaptative Feedback with Augmented Reality to Improve Takeover Performances in Highly Automated Vehicles (2022)

International audience
The generation of sum and difference patterns using fractal subarrays (1999)

In this letter, we explore the potential for the application of fractal subarrays to the generation of sum and difference patterns. For the purposes of this investigation, a standard planar array is decomposed into two subarrays: one in the form of a Sierpinski carpet, and the other consisting of its complement. A methodology is then introduced for feeding the two subarrays in order to produce either a sum or a difference pattern. A particular example is considered in which directive gain plots are obtained for both the sum and difference modes of a 27×27 planar array. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 22: 54–57, 1999.
ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CARP INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS AND GILL NECROSIS VIRUS (CNGV) IN FINGERLING COMMON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.) (2006)

High mortality in traditional carp farms and warm water cage farms was observed in Poland. Mortality rates were consistently above 50-80% in ponds. A preliminary study suggested that carp nephritis and gill necrosis virus/koi herpesvirus (CNGV/KHV) is the pathogen inducing this high mortality. The diagnosis of CNGV infection in common carp fingerlings based on viral isolation and current PCR assays has limited sensitivity. The aim of the current study was to develop more sensitive methods for the isolation and identification of CNGV in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., fingerlings by cloning the virus gene encoding thymidine kinase (TK) and then using it for highly sensitive PCR diagnosis. Common carp fingerlings weighing 60 g that had survived mass mortality at a temperature of 22C were obtained from two carp farms. The gills and kidneys from 20 diseased carp from each farm were used for virus isolation and identification. Koi fin cell (KFC) cultures were used for virus cultivation and propagation. DNA extraction was performed using thermal lysis. The supernatant containing the DNA was used in PCR assays. The virus isolated and identified from diseased carp fingerlings was used to experimentally challenge healthy carp fingerlings weighing 20 g by injection or bathing. The results of this study indicated that the TK-based PCR assay is simple to perform and is sensitive in detecting CNGV infection. The cytopathic effect (CPE) in KFC from 5 to 7 days after infection was observed. Cells became enlarged and developed abundant endoplasmic vacuoles. The results of the challenge test indicated that the isolated virus induced the clinical symptoms of CNGV infection. The mortality percentage was higher in the group of fish infected by injection (93%) in comparison to that infected by bathing (72%). Until the conclusion of the experiment (day 30), mortality was not observed in the control groups. The results of this study verified that CNGV is highly pathogenic for carp fingerlings and causes high mortality.
Ordered phase AB diffusive growth (1991)

Ordered phase AB formation and diffusive growth and its boundary evolution on a square lattice are investigated by computer simulation. It is found that the boundary is a self-similar fractal (D=7/4) and its width and length grow as a power law with exponents 1/3 and 1/4, correspondingly. The phase is found to exist over the 0.31-0.69 concentration range. It is shown that a phase formed via a second order-phase transition may have a boundary if the physical properties of the system have a gradient.
Relative Density Measurement of PBF-Manufactured 316L and AlSi10Mg Samples via Eddy Current Testing (2021)

Powder bed fusion (PBF) is the most commonly used additive manufacturing process for fabricating complex metal parts via the layer-wise melting of powder. Despite the tremendous recent technological development of PBF, manufactured parts still lack consistent quality in terms of part properties such as dimensional accuracy, surface roughness, or relative density. In addition to process-inherent variability, this is mainly owing to a knowledge gap in the understanding of process influences and the inability to adequately control them during part production. Eddy current testing (ECT) is a well-established nondestructive testing technique primarily used to detect near-surface defects and measure material properties such as electrical conductivity in metal parts. Hence, it is an appropriate technology for the layer-wise measuring of the material properties of the fused material in PBF. This study evaluates ECT’s potential as a novel in situ monitoring technology for relative part density in PBF. Parts made from SS316L and AlSi10Mg with different densities are manufactured on a PBF machine. These parts are subsequently measured using ECT, as well as the resulting signals correlated with the relative part density. The results indicate a statistically significant and strong correlation (316L: r(8) = 0.998, p &lt; 0.001, AlSi10Mg: r(8) = 0.992, p &lt; 0.001) between relative part density and the ECT signal component, which is mainly affected by the electrical conductivity of the part. The results indicate that ECT has the potential to evolve into an effective technology for the layer-wise measuring of relative part density during the PBF process.
Supplementary Figures 1 - 7 from CCL2/CCR2-Dependent Recruitment of Functional Antigen-Presenting Cells into Tumors upon Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 544K, Influence of anthracycline-based chemotherapy on myeloid cells in distinct lymphoid organs (S1); Impact of chemotherapy on the expression of M1 and M2 macrophage-related genes by Ly6Chigh cells (S2); Anthracycline-based chemotherapy activates antigen-specific T cells within neoplastic lesions (S3); Anthracycline-based chemotherapy fails to affect the proliferation of antigen-specific T cells within tumor draining lymph nodes (S4); Anthracycline-based chemotherapy induces fluctuations in the circulating levels of various myeloid cell populations (S5); Chemotherapy regulates the expression of chemokine-encoding genes by tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (S6); Expression of Ccr2 on malignant cells and tumor-infiltrating CD11b+ cells (S7).&lt;/p&gt;
Neutralization-Reionization Mass Spectrometry (NRMS) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.