gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Urinary Bladder (2004)

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a distinct spindle cell tumor arising mainly in the pleura, however, SFT of extra-pleural sites had been reported. To our knowledge, five cases of the urinary bladder SFT had been reported. We have recently experienced a case of SFT of the urinary bladder in a 56-year- old man who was admitted to the hospital with a 4-month history of voiding difficulty, frequency, and residual urine sensation. A computerized tomography scan revealed a 12cm sized intravesical mass. The mass was marginally excised under the impression of it being a benign spindle cell tumor by pre-operative needle biopsy. On gross examination, the mass was multinodular, creamy white, and the cut surface was fibrotic with a rubbery consistency. Microscopic examination revealed haphazardly arranged spindle cells with a lace-like deposition of inter- and pericellular collagen. Areas of increased cellularity show nuclear atypia and occasional mitoses (2-3/10HPF). The immunohistochemical staining revealed an intense CD34 and bcl-2 immunoreactivity. Although the exact biologic behavior of these tumors has not been clarified, most of the reported cases have undergone a benign clinical course.
The Application of System Dynamics Method in Municipal Solid Waste Generation System (2007)

To accurately forecast municipal solid waste(MSW) generation amount is the first thing in successful construction and running of MSW management system.But traditional forecasting methods are commonly difficult to obtain results with a required precision because of the lack of historical statistical data in most cities in China.On the basis of systematically analyzing the effect factors of MSW generation as well as the interaction of these factors,a system dynamics(SD) model based on VENSIM software was established.Then the model was applied in the MSW generation system of Shenzhen City.The result indicated that SD method was good at doing MSW generation forecasting.It can resolve the accurateforecasting problem of MSW in the condition of having no enough historical data, and offers data support to selection of disposal techniques and decision-making of disposal scale.At the same time,the model can be used to do system-behavior simulation under different policies on the base of generation forecasting,so as to offer decision-marking evidences for policy control.
Monolithic stationary phases for enantioselective capillary electrochromatography (2000)

Monolithic capillary electrochromatography (CEC) columns containing polymerized quinidine carbamate units have been prepared and used for enantioselective separations of modified amino acids. Optimization of both monolithic structure and mobile phase variables such as the ionic strength, type, and composition of eluent affords enantioselective CEC separations characterized by both high resolution and efficiency. For example, an efficiency of up to 250,000 plates/m was achieved for the separation of 2,4-dinitrophenyl-derivatized amino acids. The simple preparation together with the large variability of readily available chemistries make the monolithic separation media an attractive alternative to capillary columns packed with beads. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 597–602, 2000
ChemInform Abstract: A Temporary Phosphorus Tether/Ring‐Closing Metathesis Strategy to Functionalized 1,4‐Diamines. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical loop mirror with semiconductor laser amplifier (1992)

A nonlinear optical loop mirror is reported, employing a semiconductor laser amplifier (SLA). The input-output characteristic is distinctly nonlinear, and when operating as an optical correlator, an extinction ratio of 13 dB was achieved.
A Global Relationship Between Trabecular Bone Morphology and Homogenized Elastic Properties (1998)

An alternative concept of the relationship between morphological and elastic properties of trabecular bone is presented and applied to human tissue from several anatomical locations using a digital approach. The three-dimensional morphology of trabecular bone was assessed with a microcomputed tomography system and the method of directed secants as well as the star volume procedure were used to compute mean intercept length (MIL) and average bone length (ABL) of 4 mm cubic specimens. Assuming isotropic elastic properties for the trabecular tissue, the general elastic tensors of the bone specimens were determined using the homogenization method and the closest orthotropic tensors were calculated with an optimization algorithm. The assumption of orthotropy for trabecular bone was found to improve with specimen size and hold within 6.1 percent for a 4 mm cube size. A strong global relationship (r2 = 0.95) was obtained between fabric and the orthotropic elastic tensor with a minimal set of five constants. Mean intercept length and average bone length provided an equivalent power of prediction. These results support the hypothesis that the elastic properties of human trabecular bone from an arbitrary anatomical location can be estimated from an approximation of the anisotropic morphology and a prior knowledge of tissue properties.
Retrieval constraints and word frequency distributions (2009)

We first present in this paper an analytical view of heuristic retrieval constraints which yields simple tests to determine whether a retrieval function satisfies the constraints or not. We then review empirical findings on word frequency distributions and the central role played by burstiness in this context. This leads us to propose a formal definition of burstiness which can be used to characterize probability distributions wrt this phenomenon. We then introduce the family of information-based IR models which naturally captures heuristic retrieval constraints when the underlying probability distribution is bursty and propose a new IR model within this family, based on the log-logistic distribution. The experiments we conduct on three different collections illustrate the good behavior of the log-logistic IR model: it significantly outperforms the Jelinek-Mercer and Dirichlet prior language models on all three collections, with both short and long queries and for both the MAP and the precision at 10 documents. It also outperforms the InL2 DFR model for the MAP, and yields results on a par with it for the precision at 10.
Aufkonversion nach Blau‐Grün durch nichtkohärente Anregung mittels NIR‐Licht (2007)

Ein Molekülpaar aus Emitter und Sensibilisator (siehe Bild; rot/grün C, weiß H, blau N, hellblau O, grau Pd) wurde speziell für den Prozess der nichtkohärenten Aufkonversion hergestellt. Zwischen der Energie der zur Anregung genutzten Photonen und der des emittierten Lichtes tritt eine hypsochrome Verschiebung von ca. 0.7 eV auf. Als Quelle der nichtkohärenten Anregung wird der Nah-Infrarot(NIR)-Anteil des Sonnenlichts genutzt.
Differential structural requirements for fibrinogen binding to platelets and to endothelial cells. (1989)

The cytoadhesins represent a group of RGD receptors that belongs to the integrin superfamily of adhesion molecules. Members of this cytoadhesin family include the platelet GPIIb-IIIa and the vitronectin receptors. These glycoproteins share the same beta-subunit, which is associated with different alpha subunits to form an alpha/beta heterodimer. In the present study, we have analyzed the fine recognition specificy of the cytoadhesins from platelets and endothelial cells for the adhesive protein, fibrinogen. Two sets of synthetic peptides, RGDX peptides and peptides corresponding to the COOH terminus of the fibrinogen gamma chain, were compared for their structure-function relationships in the two cellular systems. The results indicate that: (a) both RGDX and gamma-chain peptides inhibit the binding of fibrinogen to platelets and endothelial cells; (b) a marked influence of the residue at the COOH- and NH2-terminal positions of each peptide set can be demonstrated on the two types; and (c) RGDX and gamma peptides have differential effects on platelets and endothelial cells with respect to fine structural requirements. These results clearly indicate that while the platelet and endothelial cytoadhesins may interact with similar peptidic sequences, they express a different fine structural recognition.
Transformation of biogenic carbohydrates into levulinic acid and further hydrogenation using supported nanoparticle catalysts synthesized by chemical fluid deposition (2011)

The primary objective of this thesis was to synthesize and identify powerful metal catalysts and key factors for the conversion of D-fructose and D-glucose to LA as well as the hydrogenation of LA to GVL. A general overview on the use of biomass for chemicals and potential biofuel production is provided. The catalytic transformation systems developed for the conversion of biomass-derived monomers to LA and GVL are reviewed. Meanwhile, an intensive overview of the preparation of supported nano-particles catalysts using chemical fluid deposition is provided. The synthesis of the supported nano-metal catalysts in a bottom up procedure using chemical fluid deposition as a universal and highly controllable production method is discussed. Here, SBA-15 is used as a mesoporous support/co-catalyst. Homo- and bimetallic Pd and/or Pt are deposited into SBA-15 by hydrogenolysis of the metal precursors (cyclopentadienyl) allyl-palladium (II) [CpPd(eta3-C3H5)] and (1, 5-cyclooctadiene)-dimethylplatinum (II) [(1,5-cod)Pt(CH3)2] with different variables and constants. The experimental catalyst synthesis plan and analysis is chosen in accordance to design of experiments (DOE, used software: Design Expert 7.1) applying response surface plans with typically seven factors. Based on a uniform design, an initially explored plan with 35 different protocols for palladium catalysts and experimental plan with 32 different protocols for nanoparticles homo- and bimetallic Pd and/or Pt are processed to investigate the influence of a variety of reaction parameters. Later, we employ the conversion of D-fructose to LA in ethanol solvent as a standard reaction to screen a wide variety of the supported homo- and bimetallic nanoparticles prepared by chemical fluid deposition method. Besides, the resulted catalysts were also used for transformation of D-glucose in combination with a salt additive. It is shown that the choice of the used solvent and metal are crucial for the product distributions. Furthermore, the stability of the resulted catalysts is also described in this chapter. The performance of the wide variety of nanoparticles catalysts was also investigated in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to gamma-valerolactone and later to pentanoic acid which is described. Here, the maximization of GVL yields and TON optimization have been in the central focus. Furthermore, the stability and recyclability of the resulted catalysts are characterized.
Rheology and processing of polymer nanocomposites (2010)

The rheological properties and processing of polymer nanocomposites with dispersed nanometer-thick layered silicates are reviewed. The linear viscoelastic properties reflect the nanoscale dispersion of the silicate layers and the mesoscale structure that such dispersed layers or their aggregates form. The linear viscoelasticity exhibits time-temperature superpositioning, with the exception of systems in which dispersions are stabilized by hydrogen bonds. The non-linear stress relaxation behavior obeys time-strain separability, whereas large-amplitude oscillatory shear leads to strong alignment of the layers in the flow direction. The empirical Cox-Merz rule equating the steady shear viscosity and complex viscosity fails for these nanocomposites. It is conjectured that this results from orientation of the layers or their aggregates in response to a steady flow. Such orientation is also responsible for the silicate concentration independence of the first normal stress difference when compared at similar shear stress values.
Learning Goal Conditioned Socially Compliant Navigation From Demonstration Using Risk-Based Features (2021)

One of the main challenges of operating mobile robots in social environments is the safe and fluid navigation therein, specifically the ability to share a space with other human inhabitants by complying with the explicit and implicit rules that we humans follow during navigation. While these rules come naturally to us, they resist simple and explicit definitions. In this letter, we present a learning-based solution to address the question of socially compliant navigation, which is to navigate while maintaining adherence to the navigational policies a person might use. We infer these policies by learning from human examples using inverse reinforcement learning techniques. In particular, this letter contributes an efficient sampling-based approximation to enable model-free deep inverse reinforcement learning, and a goal conditioned risk-based feature representation that adequately captures local information surrounding the agent. We validate our approach by comparing against a classical algorithm and a reinforcement learning agent and evaluate our feature representation against similar feature representations from the literature. We find that the combination of our proposed method and our feature representation produce higher quality trajectories and that our proposed feature representation plays a critical role in successful navigation.
Laser cutting of copper and brass alloys by high brilliance diode source with an extremely low BPP (2015)

Copper and copper-based alloys are difficult materials to laser cut due to their high thermal conductivity, high reflectivity and tendency to lose zinc on the zone adjacent to the cut. The study explores the potential of laser cutting process of copper and brass sheets with a TeraDiode TeraBlade direct diode source whose high brilliance is given by the very low BPP and by the small fiber diameter (100 micron). Results show that it is possible to obtain good quality cuts operating with nitrogen and oxygen assist gas in the case of brass and copper alloys respectively. Moreover larger process stability, higher productivity and easier-to-cut conditions are obtained cutting brass alloys than pure copper.
First Cyclic Carbodiphosphoranes of Copper(I) and Gold(I) and Their Application in the Catalytic Cleavage of X−H Bonds (X = N and O) (2008)

Three new carbodiphosphorane complexes, (PHCP)M(tBuO) (PHCP = carbodiphosphorane; M = Cu, Au) and (PHCP)CuCl, were readily prepared by reaction of the carbodiphosphorane 2 with CuCl or AuCl(Me2S). The three complexes have been fully characterized, and their crystal structures have been determined. The two tert-butoxide complexes were tested in the catalytic anti-Markovnikov hydroamination and hydroalkoxylation of acrylonitrile, involving the first catalytic application of a carbodiphosphorane complex reported to date.
Benchmarking of compressed DFAs for traffic identification: Decoupling data structures from models (2012)

Current network traffic analysis systems heavily rely on Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) techniques, such as Finite Automata (FA), to detect patterns carried by regular expression (regex). However, traditional Finite Automata cannot keep up with the ever-growing speed of the Internet links. Although there are a number of efficient FA compressing mechanisms for DPIs, there is no standardized or common way to evaluate and compare them. In this scenario, this paper proposes a methodology to evaluate and compare automaton models and the data-structures that materialize them. We also adapt state-of-the-art memory layouts to better fit in today's computer architectures. Finally, we apply our methodology to most important automaton models, memory layouts, and well-known signature sets. The results show us that some memory layouts are not efficient for regexes that represent small automata and other ones which fit only with uncompressed automata. Further, we also found out that theoretical studies about memory usage from memory encodings are not as accurate as they should be.
The ratio of PTH as measured by third and second generation assays as a marker for parathyroid carcinoma (2010)

peer reviewed
HBr Uptake on Ice:  Uptake Coefficient, H2O/HBr Hydrate Formation, and H2O Desorption Kinetics (2001)

HBr uptake on thin ice films was examined using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. LITD was used to determine the uptake coefficient in situ during low HBr exposures as a function of HBr pressure and ice film temperature. The HBr uptake coefficient on ice was γ = 0.61 ± 0.06 at 140 K and γ = 0.24 ± 0.05 at 100 K at low HBr coverages for HBr pressures ranging from 3 × 10-8 to 1.4 × 10-7 Torr. TPD and FTIR were used to examine HBr uptake on ice at higher HBr exposures. TPD studies observed that thin ice films exposed to HBr at 140 K saturated with HBr after large exposures and formed an HBr hydrate with an H2O:HBr ratio of ∼3.6:1. FTIR measurements monitored the development of the H3O+ bending vibration versus HBr exposure on ice. Saturation of the integrated absorbance for this H3O+ bending vibration was observed after large HBr exposures. The uptake of HBr on ice also had a profound effect on H2O desorption from ice. H2O desorbed at higher temperatures in the presence of HBr. The zero-order kinetics for H2O desorption from pure ice were Ed = 13.4 kcal mol-1 and ν0 = 1.9 × 1032 cm-2 s-1. The zero-order kinetics for H2O desorption from the HBr hydrate formed after saturation HBr exposures were Ed = 10.6 kcal mol-1 and ν0 = 6.3 × 1027 cm-2 s-1.
THE EFFECTS OF FUEL COMPOSITION ON IGNITION DELAY IN HOMOGENEOUS CHARGE AND DIRECT INJECTION COMPRESSION IGNITION ENGINES. DIESEL COMBUSTION AND IGNITION PROPERTIES OF FUELS WITH DIFFERENT VOLATILE FRACTION CONSTITUENTS (1987)

Six specially blended diesel fuels were tested in an open chamber TACOM-LABECO single cylinder diesel engine at turbocharged conditions, to determine if the chemical composition of the volatile fraction of the fuels had a signigicant effect on performance and emissions. The tests show that for this engine, which has a moderately high swirl and a four hole nozzle, the effects are very small. Additional tests were run, with these same fuels, in a homogeneous autoigniting mode to determine if ignition trends were similar to those produced by the heterogeneous diesel ignition. The ignition delay trends were found to follow the same pattern, reinforcing the conclusion that the fuel combustion in the diesel was not significantly affected by distillation effects during the vaporization process.
Swine H1N1 influenza virus variants with enhanced polymerase activity and HA stability promote airborne transmission in ferrets (2021)

ABSTRACT Understanding how animal influenza A viruses (IAVs) acquire airborne transmissibility in humans and ferrets is needed to prepare for and respond to pandemics. Here, we investigated in ferrets the replication and transmission of swine H1N1 isolates P4 and G15, whose majority population had decreased polymerase activity and poor HA stability, respectively. For both isolates, a minor variant was selected and transmitted in ferrets. Polymerase-enhancing variant PA-S321 airborne-transmitted and propagated in one ferret. HA-stabilizing variant HA1-S210 was selected in all G15-inoculated ferrets and was transmitted by contact and airborne routes. With an efficient polymerase and a stable HA, the purified minor variant G15-HA1-S210 had earlier and higher peak titers in inoculated ferrets and was recovered at a higher frequency after airborne transmission than P4 and G15. Overall, HA stabilization played a more prominent role than polymerase enhancement in the replication and transmission of these viruses in ferrets. The results suggest pandemic risk-assessment studies may benefit from deep sequencing to identify minor variants with human-adapted traits. IMPORTANCE Diverse IAVs circulate in animals, yet few acquire the viral traits needed to start a human pandemic. A stabilized HA and mammalian-adapted polymerase have been shown to promote the adaptation of IAVs to humans and ferrets (the gold-standard model for IAV replication, pathogenicity, and transmissibility). Here, we used swine IAV isolates of the gamma lineage a model to investigate the importance of HA stability and polymerase activity in promoting replication and transmission in ferrets. These are emerging viruses that bind to both α -2,6- and α -2,3-linked receptors. Using isolates containing mixed populations, a stabilized HA was selected within days in inoculated ferrets. An enhanced polymerase was also selected and propagated after airborne transmission to a ferret. Thus, HA stabilization was a stricter requirement, yet both traits promoted transmissibility. Knowing the viral traits needed for pandemic potential, and the relative importance of each, will help identify emerging viruses of greatest concern.
Predicted versus measured soil movements induced by shield tunnelling in the Madrid Metro extension (2005)

A detailed study on the available methods of predicting ground movements due to tunnelling works was carried out during the construction of the Madrid Metro extensions in 19951999 and 19992003. A total of 100 km were built and commissioned during this period. A numerical model was developed to simulate the earth pressure balance (EPB) excavation procedure and to complement some of the deficiencies found in previous analytical or empirical subsidence estimation procedures. Before the beginning of the works, a total of six different methods were used to estimate ground movements generated by the tunnelling works at some monitored sections placed in all five cities linked by the 19992003 extension, and the estimations were published in an earlier paper in this journal. Once all tunnelling works were finished and actual measurements carried out, a number of comparisons between predictions and measurements were made and are included in this paper. Conclusions about the applicability and accuracy of the methods are established with the aim of helping researchers and engineers in their future projects.Key words: ground movements, monitoring, numerical modelling and analysis, settlement, tunnels.
Excursions of birth and death processes, orthogonal polynomials, and continued fractions (1999)

On the basis of the Karlin and McGregor result, which states that the transition probability functions of a birth and death process can be expressed via the introduction of an orthogonal polynomial system and a spectral measure, we investigate in this paper how the Laplace transforms and the distributions of different transient characteristics related to excursions of a birth and death process can be expressed by means of the basic orthogonal polynomial system and the spectral measure. This allows us in particular to give a probabilistic interpretation of the series introduced by Stieltjes to study the convergence of the fundamental continued fraction associated with the system. Throughout the paper, we pay special attention to the case when the birth and death process is ergodic. Under the assumption that the spectrum of the spectral measure is discrete, we show how the distributions of different random variables associated with excursions depend on the fundamental continued fraction, the orthogonal polynomial system and the spectral measure.
A Glimpse into Green Chemistry Practices in the Pharmaceutical Industry (2020)

Abstract Invited for this month′s cover is the research group of Sachin Handa at the University of Louisville and Wilfried Braje at AbbVie. The image shows how green chemistry in industry and micellar catalysis are contributing toward the environmental sustainability. The Minireview itself is available at 10.1002/cssc.202000317 .