gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive pair‐matching in randomized trials with unbiased and efficient effect estimation (2014)

In randomized trials, pair‐matching is an intuitive design strategy to protect study validity and to potentially increase study power. In a common design, candidate units are identified, and their baseline characteristics used to create the best n /2 matched pairs. Within the resulting pairs, the intervention is randomized, and the outcomes measured at the end of follow‐up. We consider this design to be adaptive, because the construction of the matched pairs depends on the baseline covariates of all candidate units. As a consequence, the observed data cannot be considered as n /2 independent, identically distributed pairs of units, as common practice assumes. Instead, the observed data consist of n dependent units. This paper explores the consequences of adaptive pair‐matching in randomized trials for estimation of the average treatment effect, conditional the baseline covariates of the n study units. By avoiding estimation of the covariate distribution, estimators of this conditional effect will often be more precise than estimators of the marginal effect. We contrast the unadjusted estimator with targeted minimum loss based estimation and show substantial efficiency gains from matching and further gains with adjustment. This work is motivated by the Sustainable East Africa Research in Community Health study, an ongoing community randomized trial to evaluate the impact of immediate and streamlined antiretroviral therapy on HIV incidence in rural East Africa. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
<title>Magneto-optical and cyclotron resonance study of semiconductor nanostructures in very high magnetic fields</title> (2002)

We have studied new features of semiconductor nano-structures in cyclotron resonance and magneto-optical spectroscopy under very high magnetic fields up to a few megagauss. The new features are attributed to the shrinkage of wave-functions of electrons, holes and excitons. In PbSe/PbEuTe quantum dots that are regularly arranged to form an fcc-like lattice, sharp cyclotron resonance peaks from PbSe quantum dots were observed. It was found that the peaks show a number of anomalous features such as splitting, a remarkable dependence of the intensity on the wavelength, or a peculiar angular dependence of the resonance field. In the photoluminescence spectra of excitons for CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots, GaP/AlP and GaAs/AlAs short period superlattices, a remarkable decrease of the peak intensity and a red shift of the exciton peak were observed with increasing magnetic field; these effects are attributed to the general nature of excitons consisting of spatially separated electrons and holes.
Single Neuron Model: Response to Weak Modulation in the Presence of Noise (1991)

We consider a noisy bistable single neuron model driven by a periodic external modulation. The modulation introduces a correlated switching between states driven by the noise. The information flow through the system from the modulation to the output switching events, leads to a succession of strong peaks in the power spectrum. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) obtained from this power spectrum is a measure of the information content in the neuron response. With increasing noise intensity, the SNR passes through a maximum, an effect which has been called stochastic resonance. We treat the problem within the framework of a recently developed approximate theory, valid in the limits of weak noise intensity, weak periodic forcing and low forcing frequency. A comparison of the results of this theory with those obtained from a linear system FFT is also presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthetic Route to (.+‐.)‐Forskolin. (1990)

Abstract The key intermediate (VIII) is prepared from the mixture (IV) via a novel stereoselective intramolecular radical‐mediated cyclization reaction (using Co(I) generated electrochemically from vitamin B12, bis(trimethylstannyl)benzopinacolate or hexaphenylditin) in tandem with an intramolecular Mukaiyama aldolization.
A Microprogrammable Memory Controller for high-performance dataflow applications (2009)

High-performance embedded dataflow systems require intensive data manipulation involving synchronization, buffering, duplication and reordering. Our Microprogrammable Memory Controller (MMC) is designed to handle these tasks more efficiently than the data processing cores. Dataflow management for several computing cores is combined in a single MMC. This reduces the global complexity and memory of the system. The MMC has been implemented in a 65nm low-power CMOS integrated circuit for baseband processing of OFDMA communications. It achieves a bandwidth of 24.6 Gbps @385 MHz, with an average 38 mW power consumption.
Safety and efficacy of hydrothermal duodenal mucosal resurfacing in patients with type 2 diabetes: the randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicentre REVITA-2 feasibility trial (2021)

NCT02879383.
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Tungsten NEMS Devices via a Novel Top-Down Approach (2009)

In this paper we present a novel low temperature, CMOS compatible, direct top-down nano-fabrication process employing ALD tungsten (WALD) as a structural material for nano-electro-mechanical systems (NEMS). Using this process doubly clamped suspended NEMS devices have been successfully fabricated and demonstrated. The devices have been observed to operate comparably to 2-terminal electrostatic carbon nanotube (CNT) switches, and MEMS tunneling devices. A lifetime in excess of 660,500 cycles has been observed under low-current-limited operating conditions. Under these conditions the device behavior is stable, reproducible and hysterisis free, resembling that of MEMS tunneling devices.
ChemInform Abstract: CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF ′RUTHENIUM BLACK′‐DI‐MU‐AMIDO‐BIS‐(TETRAAMMINERUTHENIUM(III)) CHLORIDE TETRAHYDRATE (1973)

Abstract Die Titelverbindung (I) kristallisiert monoklin mit a = 9,686; b = 9,872; c = 10,720 Å, β = 95,69°, Z=2 in P2 1 /n. Im zentrosymmetrischen Kation liegen verzerrt oktaedrische Ru‐Zentren und.
A small molecule IAP inhibitor sensitises medulloblastoma cells to radiation therapy and cytotoxic chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo (2010)

Novel strategies for treating medulloblastoma are urgently needed. Despite intensive treatment one quarter of patients ultimately succumb to their disease. Radiation therapy is a critical component of current treatment strategies but often results in devastating long-term effects, particularly in younger patients. Strategies to sensitise medulloblastoma cells to the effects of radiation therapy have been proposed as a mechanism to both decrease toxicity and enhance efficacy. The Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs) represent the last molecular barrier to programmed cell death. They have been shown to be over-expressed in medulloblastoma and to correlate with poor patient outcomes. We hypothesized that targeting the IAPs in conjunction with conventional cytotoxic therapies would overcome treatment resistance, increase levels of apoptosis and significantly enhance their anti-tumor activity. 

We have previously shown that small molecule IAP inhibitor LBW242 penetrates the blood brain barrier and has a significant anti-tumour effect in intracerebral tumours such as high grade gliomas. We therefore sought to test LBW242 in medulloblastoma in combination with the standard-of-care therapies of irradiation and cytotoxic chemotherapy. In vitro experiments demonstrated that administration of LBW242 in combination with radiotherapy and chemotherapy led to both caspase 8 and 9 activation resulting in direct activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Annexin staining showed that this ultimately led to medulloblastoma cell death and clonogenic assays showed that the combination therapy led to a synergistic anti-medulloblastoma effect in multiple cell lines. Athymic mice bearing established human medulloblastoma tumor xenografts treated with LBW242 plus cisplatinum demonstrated a profound and synergistic suppression of tumor growth in the in vivo setting. 
Taken together these experiments show that the pro-apoptotic and anti-tumour effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be enhanced by the addition of a small molecule, orally bioavailable IAP inhibitor. These results are readily translatable to clinical trial, and offer the potential for improved treatment outcomes for medulloblastoma patients.
Does structurally-mature dengue virion matter in vaccine preparation in post-Dengvaxia era? (2019)

The unexpectedly low vaccine efficacy of Dengvaxia®, developed by Sanofi Pasteur, and a higher risk of severe diseases after vaccination among dengue-naive children or children younger than 6 years old, have cast skepticism about the safety of dengue vaccination resulting in the suspension of school-based immunization programs in the Philippines. The absence of immune correlates of protection from dengue virus (DENV) infection hampers the development of other potential DENV vaccines. While tetravalent live-attenuated tetravalent vaccines (LATVs), which mimic natural infection by inducing both cellular and humoral immune responses, are still currently favored, developing a vaccine that provides a balanced immunity to all four DENV serotypes remains a challenge. With the recently advanced understanding of virion structure and B cell immune responses from naturally infected DENV patients, two points of view in developing a next-generation dengue vaccine emerged: one is to induce potent, type-specific neutralizing antibodies (NtAbs) recognizing quaternary structure-dependent epitopes by having four components of vaccine strains replicate equivalently; the other is to induce protective and broadly NtAbs against the four serotypes of DENV with a universal vaccine. This article reviews the studies related to these issues and the current knowledge gap that needs to be filled in.
Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibody IgG1b12 Neutralizes Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Primary Isolates (1997)

The CD4-binding domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp120 elicits antibodies that are present in infected human sera. Monoclonal antibodies that recognize the HIV-1 gp120 CD4-binding domain have been isolated. Some of these antibodies can neutralize laboratory-adapted strains of HIV-1 and probably mediate neutralization by interfering with virus binding to its cellular CD4 receptor. However, most anti-CD4 binding domain antibodies do not neutralize primary HIV-1 isolates. We used primary HIV-1 isolates in an infectivity reduction assay to test the uniquely derived anti-CD4 binding domain recombinant human monoclonal antibody, IgG1b12. All of the tested HIV-1 isolates were neutralized by this antibody. Additional studies indicated that neutralization of a primary isolate with MAb IgG1b12 did not require continuous exposure of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures to the antibody. Finally, a complete IgG1 molecule of an in vitro-selected b12 FAb mutant with a > 400-fold increase in affinity was assembled, expressed in mammalian cells, and evaluated in the infectivity reduction assay in comparative studies with the parent IgG1b12 antibody. The mutant did not retain the level of primary isolate neutralization potency that was a property of the parent molecule. Thus, we confirm that recombinant IgG1b12 has a unique specificity, and that it can neutralize all primary isolates tested in human PBMC cultures in vitro.
Impact of 2D-Graphene on SiN Passivated AlGaN/GaN MIS-HEMTs Under Mist Exposure (2017)

The effect of a 2D graphene layer (GL) on top of the silicon nitride (SiN) passivation layer of AlGaN/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistors has been systematically analyzed. Results showed that in the devices without the GL, the maximum drain current density (ID,max) and the maximum transconductance (gm,max) decreased gradually as the mist exposure time increased, up to 23% and 10%, respectively. Moreover, the gate lag ratio increased around 10% during mist exposure. In contrast, devices with a GL showed a robust behavior and not significant changes in the electrical characteristics in both dc and pulsed conditions. The origin of these behaviors has been discussed and the results pointed to the GL as the key factor for improving the moisture resistance of the SiN passivation layer.
Cutting Edge: IL-23 Cross-Regulates IL-12 Production in T Cell-Dependent Experimental Colitis (2006)

Although IL-12 and IL-23 share the common p40 subunit, IL-23, rather than IL-12, seems to drive the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and arthritis, because IL-23/p19 knockout mice are protected from disease. In contrast, we describe in this study that newly created LacZ knockin mice deficient for IL-23 p19 were highly susceptible for the development of experimental T cell-mediated TNBS colitis and showed even more severe colitis than wild-type mice by endoscopic and histologic criteria. Subsequent studies revealed that dendritic cells from p19-deficient mice produce elevated levels of IL-12, and that IL-23 down-regulates IL-12 expression upon TLR ligation. Finally, in vivo blockade of IL-12 p40 in IL-23-deficient mice rescued mice from lethal colitis. Taken together, our data identify cross-regulation of IL-12 expression by IL-23 as novel key regulatory pathway during initiation of T cell dependent colitis.
Electromagnetic transients simulator for large-scale spacecraft power systems (2003)

A transient simulator program is being developed for the design of adequate surge protection and insulation levels within a spacecraft power system. The program divides the transmission lines into a series of L-section segments. By using Kirchoff's voltage and current laws, a state variable model is derived to accurately simulate the travelling waves on each line. The state variables are chosen as the inductor current and the capacitor voltage of each L-section segment. The coefficient matrix that results is highly sparse. Finally, the state variable equations are solved using the trapezoidal method of numerical integration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Technical note: Evaluation of a spatial optimization model for prostate high dose‐rate brachytherapy in a clinical treatment planning system (2022)

Optimization of spatial properties such as the volume of contiguous hot spots can be integrated in a standard inverse planning workflow for brachytherapy, and need not be conducted as a separate post-processing step.
Model-Based Adaptive Modulation and Coding with Latent Thompson Sampling (2021)

Wireless links use adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) to optimize data transmission over a dynamic channel. Traditional AMC schemes rely on simple heuristics to track the instantaneous channel state. While attractive for their low implementation and operational complexity, these schemes are known to be suboptimal in a large range of operating environments. Further, several such schemes require careful parameter tuning, which can be both expensive and error-prone. In this paper, we propose latent Thompson sampling (LTS) for AMC, which efficiently tracks the wireless channel by modeling a latent, low-dimensional, channel state. LTS features both a low computational complexity and fast learning dynamics, and requires minimal tuning effort. We evaluate LTS in stationary as well as fading wireless channels, where LTS improves the link throughput by up to 100% compared to state-of-the-art schemes.
Search for a massive resonance decaying to a pair of Higgs bosons in the four b quark final state in proton–proton collisions at s=13TeV (2018)

A search for a massive resonance decaying into a pair of standard model Higgs bosons, in a final state consisting of two b quark-antiquark pairs, is performed. A data sample of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used, collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2016, and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb -1 . The Higgs bosons are highly Lorentzboosted and are each reconstructed as a single large-area jet. The signal is characterized by a peak in the dijet invariant mass distribution, above a background from the standard model multijet production. The observations are consistent with the background expectations, and are interpreted as upper limits on the products of the s-channel production cross sections and branching fractions of narrow bulk gravitons and radions in warped extra-dimensional models. The limits range from 126 to 1.4 fb at 95% confidence level for resonances with masses between 750 and 3000 GeV, and are the most stringent to date, over the explored mass range.
Thiazolylalanine‐Derived Catalysts for Enantioselective Intermolecular Aldehyde—Imine Cross‐Couplings. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Advanced Flow Control Using MEMS (2007)

Small-scale measurement and control of aerodynamic flow enables practical larger-scale applications on aerodynamic platforms ranging from micro UAVs upwards. We will describe work carried out at BAE Systems on MEMS devices for fluid flow measurement and control together with some practical evaluation work.
Wegener Granulomatosis (1991)

Chest CT from eight patients with pulmonary Wegener granulomatosis were reviewed. The CT features of parenchymal lung involvement included multiple nodules or masses (seven of eight; 88%), ranging in size from 0.3 to 5.0 cm. Lung nodules demonstrated distinct feeding vessels in seven of eight patients (88%); and lesions similar to pulmonary infarcts, i.e., peripheral wedge-shaped lesions abutting the pleura, were identified in seven cases (88%). Scarring, spiculation, and pleural tags emanating from pulmonary nodules were prominent features (seven of eight; 88%). Other findings included cavitation (four of eight; 50%), air bronchograms through nodules (two of eight; 25%), and pleural effusions (two of eight; 25%). One patient on immunosuppressant therapy also demonstrated scattered ground glass infiltrates due to complicating pneumocystis pneumonia. In comparison to corresponding conventional chest radiography, CT examinations revealed more parenchymal lesions in five of eight cases (63%) and bilateral disease instead of unilateral disease in one of eight cases (13%). Feeding vessels were only identified on CT. Wegener granulomatosis is a primary necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis, and when it affects the lung it demonstrates CT features that are similar to other vessel-related disorders of the lung such as septic emboli, pulmonary infarcts, and tumor emboli of hematogenous metastases. We believe that these CT features--nodules with feeding vessels and wedge-shaped lesions abutting the pleura--are related to the necrotizing angiitis that affects pulmonary arteries and veins in this disease.
Electrically-tunable positioning of topological defects in liquid crystals (2020)

Topological defects are a consequence of broken symmetry in ordered systems and are important for understanding a wide variety of phenomena in physics. In liquid crystals (LCs), defects exist as points of discontinuous order in the vector field that describes the average orientation of the molecules in space and are crucial for explaining the fundamental behaviour and properties of these mesophases. Recently, LC defects have also been explored from the perspective of technological applications including self-assembly of nanomaterials, optical-vortex generation and in tunable plasmonic metamaterials. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication and stabilisation of electrically-tunable defects in an LC device using two-photon polymerisation and explore the dynamic behaviour of defects when confined by polymer structures laser-written in topologically discontinuous states. We anticipate that our defect fabrication technique will enable the realisation of tunable, 3D, reconfigurable LC templates towards nanoparticle self-assembly, tunable metamaterials and next-generation spatial light modulators for light-shaping.
Phone sequence modeling with recurrent neural networks (2014)

In this paper, we investigate phone sequence modeling with recurrent neural networks in the context of speech recognition. We introduce a hybrid architecture that combines a phonetic model with an arbitrary frame-level acoustic model and we propose efficient algorithms for training, decoding and sequence alignment. We evaluate the advantage of our phonetic model on the TIMIT and Switchboard-mini datasets in complementarity to a powerful context-dependent deep neural network (DNN) acoustic classifier and a higher-level 3-gram language model. Consistent improvements of 2-10% in phone accuracy and 3% in word error rate suggest that our approach can readily replace HMMs in current state-of-the-art systems.
Relaxation oscillation suppression in tunable fibrelasers (1994)

The concept of relaxation oscillation damping of a tunable fibre laser with a nonlinear absorber is discussed. The principle of operation is illustrated through a numerical model with a nonlinear optical loop mirror as the damping element. Results with complete elimination of relaxation oscillations are presented.
Suppression of unwanted heterogeneous platinum(0)-catalyzed reactions by poisoning with mercury(0) in systems involving competing homogeneous reactions of soluble organoplatinum compounds: thermal decomposition of bis(triethylphosphine)-3,3,4,4-tetramethylplatinacyclopentane (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSuppression of unwanted heterogeneous platinum(0)-catalyzed reactions by poisoning with mercury(0) in systems involving competing homogeneous reactions of soluble organoplatinum compounds: thermal decomposition of bis(triethylphosphine)-3,3,4,4-tetramethylplatinacyclopentaneGeorge M. Whitesides, Marifaith. Hackett, Robert L. Brainard, Jean Paul P. M. Lavalleye, Alan F. Sowinski, Alan N. Izumi, Stephen S. Moore, Duncan W. Brown, and Erin M. StaudtCite this: Organometallics 1985, 4, 10, 1819–1830Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00129a023https://doi.org/10.1021/om00129a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1840Altmetric-Citations331LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts