gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical transport in Ni-catalysed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2009)

Low pressure chemical deposition method (LPCVD) is used to synthesise the Ni-catalysed carbon nanotubes (CNTs). These CNTs are grown on supported catalyst film of Ni nanoparticles by the catalytic decomposition of acetylene at 700°C and at a chamber pressure of 10 Torr. We have used field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the morphology of the catalyst film of Ni as well as the CNTs. The standard four probe method is used for electrical transport measurements of these multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) over the temperature range of 200-4.2 K. From these results, it is found that the variable range hopping (VRH) is responsible for the transport of carriers over the entire temperature range of 200-4.2 K. For the temperature range (200-100 K), three-dimensional VRH is suggested, while two-dimensional VRH is observed for the temperature range (100-4.2 K).
Charge-Resistance Approach to Benchmarking Performance of Beyond-CMOS Information Processing Devices (2014)

Multiple beyond-CMOS information processing devices are presently under active research and require methods of benchmarking them. A new approach for calculating the performance metric, energy-delay product, of such devices is proposed. The approach involves estimating the device properties of resistance and switching charge, rather than dynamic evolution characteristics, such as switching energy and time. The application of this approach to a wide class of charge-based and noncharge-based devices is discussed. The approach suggests pathways for improving the performance of `beyond-CMOS' devices and a new realistic limit for energy-delay product in terms of the Planck's constant.
Development of sotagliflozin, a dual sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1/2 inhibitor (2015)

The sodium-dependent glucose transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are an important emerging class for the treatment of diabetes. Development of SGLT2 inhibitors has been oriented around a desire for high selectivity for the SGLT2 protein relative to the SGLT1 protein. More recently, genetic and pharmacology research in mice has indicated that gastrointestinal SGLT1 inhibition may also be an appropriate therapeutic target to treat diabetes. Combining SGLT1 and SGLT2 inhibition in a single molecule would provide complementary insulin-independent mechanisms to treat diabetes. Therefore, sotagliflozin (LX4211) has been developed as a dual inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2. The differentiating clinical features of dual inhibitor of SGLT1 and SGLT2 include a large postprandial glucose reduction, elevation of glucagon-like peptide 1 and modest urinary glucose excretion. These features may have clinical implications for the use of sotagliflozin in the treatment of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
Computations of the BeVERLI Hill Three-dimensional Separating Flow Model Validation Cases (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1034.vid The BeVERLI (Benchmark Validation Experiment for RANS/LES Investigations) Hill project aims at producing a detailed experimental database of three-dimensional non-equi- librium turbulent boundary layers with various levels of separation while meeting the most exacting requirements of computational fluid dynamics validation as per Oberkampf and Smith [1]. A group of the Science and Technology Organization (STO) of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) entitled NATO AVT-349 - "Non-Equilibrium Turbulent Boundary Layers in High Reynolds Number Flow at Incompressible Conditions" has recently considered the BeVERLI Hill case. Their goal is to advance the accuracy and range of prediction models for high Reynolds number non-equilibrium boundary layers. This highly collaborative and international group comprised of various academic, governmental, and industrial institutions has performed several Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of the BeVERLI Hill using different grids, solvers, and turbulence models. The resulting solutions and available experimental data are presented in this paper to summarize and highlight key features, sensitivities, and the current predictive capability of RANS for the BeVERLI Hill case. The results suggest important sensitivities to Reynolds number, grid density, iterative converge, solver, and turbulence models. The RANS predictions are seen to be consistent for the fully attached flow on the windward portion of the BeVERLI Hill. Complex non-equilibrium flow physics pertinent to the BeVERLI Hill case, such as rapid changes in the sign of the pressure gradient over the hill top, three-dimensional curvature, and flow separation on the leeward side of the hill lead to notable scatter in the CFD results and discrepancies relative to the experiment.
Catalysis of Protein Folding by an Immobilized Small-Molecule Dithiol (2003)

The isomerization of non-native disulfide bonds often limits the rate of protein folding. Small-molecule dithiols can catalyze this process. Here, a symmetric trithiol, tris(2-mercaptoacetamidoethyl)amine, is designed on the basis of criteria known to be important for efficient catalysis of oxidative protein folding. The trithiol is synthesized and attached to two distinct solid supports via one of its three sulfhydryl groups. The resulting immobilized dithiol has an apparent disulfide E degrees ' = -208 mV, which is close to that of protein disulfide isomerase (E degrees ' = -180 mV). Incubation of the dithiol immobilized on a TentaGel resin with a protein containing non-native disulfide bonds produced only a 2-fold increase in native protein. This dithiol appeared to be inaccessible to protein. In contrast, incubation of the dithiol immobilized on styrene-glycidyl methacrylate microspheres with the non-native protein produced a 17-fold increase in native protein. This increase was 1.5-fold greater than that of a monothiol immobilized on the microspheres. Thus, the choice of both the solid support and thiol can affect catalysis of protein folding. The use of dithiol-decorated microspheres is an effective new strategy for preparative protein folding in vitro.
Elastic constants and dimensions of imprinted polymeric nanolines determined from Brillouin light scattering (2010)

Elastic constants and cross-sectional dimensions of imprinted nanolines of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) on silicon substrates are determined nondestructively from finite-element inversion analysis of dispersion curves of hypersonic acoustic modes of these nanolines measured with Brillouin light scattering. The results for the cross-sectional dimensions, under the simplifying assumption of vertical sides and a semicircular top, are found to be consistent with dimensions determined from critical-dimension small-angle x-ray scattering measurements. The elastic constants C(11) and C(44) are found to be, respectively, 11.6% and 3.1% lower than their corresponding values for bulk PMMA. This result is consistent with the dimensional dependence of the quasi-static Young's modulus determined from buckling measurements on PMMA films with lower molecular weights. This study provides the first evidence of size-dependent effects on hypersonic elastic properties of polymers.
Receptor Specificity of Influenza A Viruses from Sea Mammals Correlates with Lung Sialyloligosaccharides in These Animals. (1999)

The distribution of specific receptors on target organs is a major factor in the host range restriction of influenza A viruses. To assess the correlation between host receptors and the receptor specificity of influenza A viruses from sea mammals, we examined the receptors for influenza A virus in seal and whale lungs. A binding assay using two sialyloligosaccharide (SAalpha2,3Gal and SAalpha2,6Gal)-specific lectins showed that SAalpha2,3Gal, but not SAalpha2,6Gal, was found in both seal and whale lungs. Correspondingly, seal and whale influenza viruses preferentially recognized SAalpha2,3Gal, but not SAalpha2,6Gal. These results indicate that sialyloligosaccharides present at the replication site of influenza A viruses correlate with the receptor recognition of the viruses isolated from sea mammals.
Long‐term weight loss with a novel minimally‐invasive, restrictive bariatric medical device, the Onciomed Gastric Vest System (47.3) (2014)

To demonstrate the applicability of novel implantable medical devices for bariatric use, long‐term large animal studies are necessary. METHODS: Seven female ketamine‐diazepam anesthetized Yorkshire pigs had a three‐port laparoscopic system placed. The greater curvature of the stomach was isolated. A 34‐French Bougie was inserted down the esophagus resting along the lesser curvature. The greater curvature was tucked in along the Bougie and the stomach plicated. An Onciomed Gastric Vest System (GVS) was snugly placed around the stomach and sutured to itself. Three pigs served as controls. At three months, two control and four GVS animals were terminated and a necropsy performed. The remaining were followed for nine months. No post‐surgical complications arose and all animals remained healthy. Animal weights were taken. RESULTS: Different from controls, interest in food was noted to markedly decrease in the GVS animals. GROUP WEIGHT (kg) Day 0 Month 1 Month 2 Month 3 TOTAL WEIGHT GAIN (+) OR LOSS (‐) CONTROL* Mean 36.3 42.3 45.0 49.0 +36% SD 5.5 1.5 2.8 3.6 12 GVS** Mean 37.5 34.7 31.4 29.6 ‐21% SD 2.0 2.0 1.1 0.7 5 Trend ANOVA: *P&lt;0.05; **P&lt;0.0001. At nine months, the control animal weighed 59 kg, gaining 97% from 30.0 kg on Day 0, while the three GVS animals weighed 24.7±2.5 kg (P&lt;0.0001), losing 31±10% from 36.2±2.3 kg on Day 0. At necropsy, all animals had normally appearing abdominal organs. The internal surface of the stomachs of all animals also appeared normal. CONCLUSIONS: The Onciomed GVS is highly effective at promoting long‐term weight loss with no apparent adverse effects.
Optimized pad design for millimeter-wave applications with a 65nm CMOS RF technology (2009)

Millimeter-wave pads based on a 65nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics have been designed and measured. A pad was optimized to minimize losses caused by a ground shield and by the conductive substrate. Modelling techniques and special cares to design a millimeter pad with a minimum of effects are highlighted. The goal is to integrate this pad in active devices such as a power amplifier (PA) or a low noise amplifier (LNA). The frequency response shows that the intrinsic capacitance of an optimum pad does not exceed 17fF at 60GHz. The aimed application is the unlicensed band around 60GHz suitable for Wireless Personal Area Network application (WPAN).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Vinyl Cyclopropane Carboxylic Acids: Application to the Synthesis of (d,l)‐ and (d)‐cis‐Chrysanthemic Acid. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lithium niobate processing and testing (1993)

Major accomplishments/projects during FY92 were: annealed proton exchange waveguide processing on 3-inch wafers, electroplating of 3- inch wafers, 50-ohm electrode development, resonant electrode phase modulator, transfer of processing from Building 131 to Building 153, and miscellaneous projects with outside industry.
Distinct populations of presympathetic‐premotor neurons express orexin or melanin‐concentrating hormone in the rat lateral hypothalamus (2007)

Abstract Orexin and melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) have been implicated in mediating a variety of different behaviors. These include sleep and wakefulness, locomotion, ingestive behaviors, and fight‐or‐flight response, as well as anxiety‐ and panic‐like behaviors in rodents. Despite such diversity, all these processes require coordinated recruitment of the autonomic and somatomotor efferents. We have previously mapped the locations of presympathetic‐premotor neurons (PSPMNs) in the rat brain. These putative dual‐function neurons send trans‐synaptic projections to somatomotor and sympathetic targets and likely participate in somatomotor‐sympathetic integration. A significant portion of these neurons is found within the dorsomedial (DMH) and lateral hypothalamus (LH), areas of the brain that contain MCH‐ and orexin‐ synthesizing neurons in the central nervous system. Thus, we hypothesized that hypothalamic PSPMNs utilize MCH or orexin as their neurotransmitter. To test this hypothesis, we identified PSPMNs by using recombinant strains of the pseudorabies virus (PRV) for trans‐synaptic tract tracing. PRV‐152, a strain that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein, was injected into sympathectomized gastrocnemius muscle, whereas PRV‐BaBlu, which expresses β‐galactosidase, was injected into the adrenal gland in the same animals. By using immunofluorescent methods, we determined whether co‐infected neurons express MCH or orexin. Our findings demonstrate that PSPMNs synthesizing either MCH or orexin are present within LH, where they form two separate populations. PSPMNs located around the fornix express orexin, whereas those located around the cerebral peduncle are more likely to express MCH. These two clusters of PSPMNs within LH likely play distinct functional roles in autonomic homeostasis and stress coping mechanisms. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:586–601, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The risk of colorectal neoplasm in ex- and never-smokers according to urinary cotinine level (2021)

To investigate the relationship between urinary cotinine and colorectal neoplasm (CRN).The participants in the health screening cohort of the National Cancer Center who underwent screening colonoscopy between June 2007 and December 2009 were included. A total of 8121 subjects who underwent urinary cotinine measurement within 14 days from the index colonoscopy were included. Cotinine positivity was defined as having a urinary cotinine level ≥50 ng/mL. Follow-up colonoscopy data were collected by reviewing the patients' medical records.Patients were classified according to their urinary cotinine level and self-reported smoking status, and the number of patients with cotinine positivity was 1960 (24.1%). There was no significant difference in the cumulative CRN and advanced CRN (ACRN) risks according to the self-reported smoking status. However, cotinine positivity at the time of index colonoscopy was an independent risk factor for CRN (hazard ratio [HR]= 1.23, P = .006) in follow-up colonoscopy. Moreover, in never- and ex-smokers, cotinine positivity was an independent risk factor for CRN (HR = 1.95, P = .019; HR = 2.12, P = .003, respectively) and ACRN (HR = 8.89, P < .001; HR = 5.03, P = .003) during follow-up colonoscopy. The cumulative incidence of CRN and ACRN was higher in the cotinine-positive never- and ex-smokers than in the cotinine-negative never- and ex-smokers (P < .001 and P = .008, respectively).CRN or ACRN is more likely to occur at follow-up colonoscopy in the urinary cotinine-positive never- and ex-smokers than in the urinary cotinine-negative group. Therefore, urinary cotinine measurements may provide useful information on never- or ex-smokers undergoing screening colonoscopy.
Real-time Defect Detection in Fruit Part II: An Algorithm and Performance of a Prototype System (1996)

An algorithm to acquire and analyze two combined near infrared (NIR) images of each fruit in real-time was developed and implemented with a pipeline image processing system. Information from the structured illumination portion of each image was used to distinguish between defects and concavities which both appeared as dark spots in the diffusely illuminated scene. The total projected area of defects on each fruit was estimated, and subsequent classification was based on the defect pixel total.
Social ranking for spoken web search (2011)

Spoken Web is an alternative Web for low-literacy users in the developing world. People can create audio content over phone and share on the Spoken Web. This enables easy creation of locally relevant content. Even on the World Wide Web in developed regions, the recent increase in traffic is due to the locally relevant content created on social networking sites. This paper argues that content search and ranking in the new scenario needs a re-look. The generic model of using in-links for ranking such content is not an appropriate measure of the content relevance in such a collaborative Web 2.0 world. This paper aims to bring the social context in Spoken Web ranking. We formulate a relationship function between the query-creator and the content-creator and use this as one measure of the content relevance to the user. The relationship function uses the geographical location of the two people and their prior browsing preferences as parameters to determine the relationship between the two users. Further we also determine the trustability of the content based on the content creator's acceptance measure by the social network. We use these two features in addition to the term-frequency - inverse-term-frequency match to rank the search results in context of the social network of the query-creator and provide a more specific and socially relevant result to the user.
Extraction of Degradation Parameters for Transparency of an Image Restoration Network (2019)

Many image restoration processors based on convolutional neural network (CNN) has been proposed because of its high performance. However, it is well known that restoration by these networks is not robust against perturbations on a degradation model. If restoration fails, it is difficult for users to find the cause because no explanation is given by the network. In this paper, we propose an additional network to extract internal parameters for an image restoration network to supply users explaining information on restoration process. Experimental results show that the proposed network successfully extracts estimated degradation attributes and gives helpful information to assist users to find a root cause of a restoration failure.
Evaluating the Effect of Peptoid Lipophilicity on Antimicrobial Potency, Cytotoxicity, and Combinatorial Library Design (2017)

Growing prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections necessitates novel antimicrobials, which could be rapidly identified from combinatorial libraries. We report the use of the peptoid library agar diffusion (PLAD) assay to screen peptoid libraries against the ESKAPE pathogens, including the optimization of assay conditions for each pathogen. Work presented here focuses on the tailoring of combinatorial peptoid library design through a detailed study of how peptoid lipophilicity relates to antibacterial potency and mammalian cell toxicity. The information gleaned from this optimization was then applied using the aforementioned screening method to examine the relative potency of peptoid libraries against Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Enterococcus faecalis prior to and following functionalization with long alkyl tails. The data indicate that overall peptoid hydrophobicity and not simply alkyl tail length is strongly correlated with mammalian cell toxicity. Furthermore, this work demonstrates the utility of the PLAD assay in rapidly evaluating the effect of molecular property changes in similar libraries.
Selective ligation of DNA molecules following microinjection. (1983)

Avian retroviral DNA is rapidly ligated and transcribed following microinjection into chick cells. To analyze the fidelity of intranuclear ligations, DNA molecules with a variety of protruding ends or flush ends were co-injected into env-deficient Rous sarcoma virus-infected (RSV(-] cells. Two fragments were chosen which could complement the RSV(-) env deficiency upon ligation. This sensitive biological assay indicated that intracellular ligation between molecules with complementary protruding ends or flush ends was relatively efficient. Ligation was not observed with non-complementary termini. Furthermore, when multiple DNA molecules possessing a variety of protruding termini were introduced into the cells, complementary termini were selectively joined. Finally, when viral DNAs which expressed separate genetic markers were co-injected, almost 50% of the virus subsequently released were recombinants, indicating that ligations generally involved multiple molecules.
Clinical and Genetic Heterogeneity, Overlap with Other Tumor Syndromes, and Atypical Glucocorticoid Hormone Secretion in Adrenocorticotropin-Independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia Compared with Other Adrenocortical Tumors (2009)

AIMAH is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder that can be associated with various genetic defects and aberrant hormone receptors. It is frequently associated with atypical CS and increased 17OHS; UFCs and other measures of adrenocortical activity can be misleadingly normal.
Sensitivity of GNSS Receivers (2022)

GNSS receiver synchronization systems in carrier phase (frequency) (PLL, FLL) and code delay (DLL) have been considered taking into account mutual interaction in high-precision phase mode (centimeter accuracy level) and in a rougher, but more noise-immune code mode (meter accuracy level). Satellite signals can be of two types: data type - inversely modulated by a priori unknown binary symbols, or pilot type - without such modulation, and also with different types of modulation (BPSK, BOC, etc.). Tracking errors and minimal SNR (Signal-to-Noise density Ratio) values are estimated, which can still ensure standard operation of these systems (and hence the entire receiver). There are considered two traditional combinations of code and carrier synchronization, namely: PLL + coherent DLL; FLL + non-coherent DLL; and a rather nontraditional combination: PLL+ non-coherent DLL. According to the study, the last combination (PLL + non-coherent DLL) has been recommended for synchronization of GNSS receivers to ensure the best sensitivity of them. It is shown that the dynamic properties of PLL and FLL from the point of view of their guiding DLL are equivalent in a linear mode, however, FLL provides much greater dynamic stability than PLL at high SNRs.
Efficient Optical Coupling between III-V Semiconductor and SiNx Waveguides via Heteroepitaxial Integration (2021)

We demonstrate the first reported integration of III-V waveguides (GaAs/Al0.4Ga0.6As) with SiN <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> waveguides via heteroepitaxial III-V-on-silicon growth. We achieve efficient optical coupling (-2.5 dB loss/transition) at 1550 nm and low threading dislocation density <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(4\times 10^{6}\text{cm}^{-2})$</tex> , suitable for fabrication of high-performance optoelectronic devices. © 2021 Massachusetts Institute of Technology