gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient end-to-end QoS mechanism using egress node resource prediction in NGN network (2006)

This paper proposes an efficient end-to-end QoS mechanism using egress node resource prediction via probe method in next generation network (NGN). As we want more smart and intelligent network, NGN is the most important issue to provide users converged and guaranteed services. To provide these services, NGN should support proper end-to-end mechanism to support a heterogeneous QoS environment in packet networks. We have studied in IPv6 DiffServ, MPLS DiffServ and other end-to-end QoS with differential service and, there are four ways to provide end-to-end QoS from current best-effort network to NGN; best-effort QoS in traditional IP network, QoS classification with priority in DiffServ network, QoS aggregation/TE in MPLS network and individual QoS/TE. One of the current problems to evolve NGN are there are many legacy equipments which we can not replace at once and various QoS differential service among networks. To address this, there should be proper admission control mechanisms to protect the core network and support end-to-end QoS in the access network. While planning-based admission is simple but not efficient, and probed-based admission control is efficient but has overhead in the network, egress resource prediction-based admission control is efficient and less overhead compared to the previous mechanisms. Egress resource prediction-based admission control mechanism has two parts. First, it checks the utilization of the egress node by probing. But not like probe-based admission control, it does not send probes as always as there are QoS requests. It handles a bundle of requests with probing, predicts the state of the egress node and sends the probe to handle the next bundle of requests. In this mechanism, how to measure the current state of egress node and predict its future state.
Prevalence of Creatine Deficiency Syndromes in Children With Nonsyndromic Autism (2015)

Our study revealed a very low prevalence of CDS in children with nonsyndromic ASD and no obvious association between creatine metabolites and autism. Unlike our study population, we expect more frequent CDS among children with severe developmental delay, speech impairment, seizures, and movement disorders in addition to impairments in social communication, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors.
The Effect of Hole Transport Material Pore Filling on Photovoltaic Performance in Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

Abstract A detailed investigation of the effect of hole transport material (HTM) pore filling on the photovoltaic performance of solid‐state dye‐sensitized solar cells (ss‐DSCs) and the specific mechanisms involved is reported. It is demonstrated that the efficiency and photovoltaic characteristics of ss‐DSCs improve with the pore filling fraction (PFF) of the HTM, 2,2’,7,7’‐tetrakis‐( N , N ‐di‐ p ‐methoxyphenylamine)9,9’‐spirobifluorene(spiro‐OMeTAD). The mechanisms through which the improvement of photovoltaic characteristics takes place were studied with transient absorption spectroscopy and transient photovoltage/photocurrent measurements. It is shown that as the spiro‐OMeTAD PFF is increased from 26% to 65%, there is a higher hole injection efficiency from dye cations to spiro‐OMeTAD because more dye molecules are covered with spiro‐OMeTAD, an order‐of‐magnitude slower recombination rate because holes can diffuse further away from the dye/HTM interface, and a 50% higher ambipolar diffusion coefficient due to an improved percolation network. Device simulations predict that if 100% PFF could be achieved for thicker devices, the efficiency of ss‐DSCs using a conventional ruthenium‐dye would increase by 25% beyond its current value.
Enabling Cu-Cu connection in (dual) damascene interconnects by selective deposition of two different SAM molecules (2011)

Two different material-selective Self assembled monolayers (SAMs) were successfully deposited on Cu and SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> structures that mimic the Dual Damascene integration scheme. A two-step SAM coating process is presented. First, a “sacrificial” SAM is deposited at the Cu bottom and secondly, a “barrier” SAM at the SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> surface. The order in the SAMs deposition sequence and the differential thermal release of the thiol “sacrificial” SAM vs. the amino “barrier” SAM, allows an oxide-free Cu-to-Cu connection at the vias bottom. While the sacrificial SAM is selectively released by thermal ablation, the barrier SAM remains intact on the dielectric sidewall and field regions, ready for the subsequent copper metallization.
Evaluating Dynamics and Bottlenecks of Memory Collaboration in Cluster Systems (2012)

With the fast development of highly-integrated distributed systems (cluster systems), designers face interesting memory hierarchy design choices while attempting to avoid the notorious disk swapping. Swapping to the free remote memory through Memory Collaboration has demonstrated its cost-effectiveness compared to over provisioning the cluster for peak load requirements. Recent memory collaboration studies propose several ways on accessing the under-utilized remote memory in static system configurations, without detailed exploration of the dynamic memory collaboration. Dynamic collaboration is an important aspect given the run-time memory usage fluctuations in clustered systems. Further, as the interest in memory collaboration grows, it is crucial to understand the existing performance bottlenecks, overheads, and potential optimization. In this paper we address these two issues. First, we propose an Autonomous Collaborative Memory System (ACMS) that manages memory resources dynamically at run time to optimize performance. We implement a prototype realizing the proposed ACMS, experiment with a wide range of real-world applications, and show up to 3× performance speedup compared to a non-collaborative memory system without perceivable performance impact on nodes that provide memory. Second, we analyze, in depth, the end-to-end memory collaboration overhead and pinpoint the corresponding bottlenecks.
GE Jenbacher’s Update on Laser Ignited Engines (2006)

The focus in research year 05 was on the optimization of optical coupling and minimization of laser energy especially in connection with very lean combustion and with high exhaust gas recirculation rates for low NOx emissions. The direct comparison of laser ignition with conventional spark ignitions, without any measures implemented in favor of laser ignition (high compression ratio, high turbulence ratio), consistently shows advantages in the case of laser ignition. With extension of the Lambda window, in the case of a spark ignition engine with a 2.4 1 piston displacement it is possible to shift the engine 0.3 units in the direction of “lean combustion” (possible reduction of NOx level less than 30% of the state of the art); EGR compatibility is increased by about 15% to a recirculation rate of about 40%. With regard to EGR compatibility, in coordination with SWRI (HEDGE Program) similar tests on determination of potential were carried out as well. In this case too no essential measures were implemented in favor of the exploitation of the potential of laser ignition; however, a minor increase of the compression ratio already allows recognition of the theoretically possible and expected potentials. Regarding stoichiometric conditions, from the viewpoint of the researchers working jointly on the project it is possible to reduce the energy to less than 1 mJ. Conversely, in the event of the utilization of lean-burn combustion, appreciably more energy must be provided. Additionally, measures regarding combustion control in the area of the extended lean-burn limit must also be carried out. Only then is it possible to ensure optimal values for burning durations and the variation coefficient. Initial results in this regard will also be presented.
Abstract 4096: Identification of EMT inhibitors using novel zebrafish reporter lines (2015)

Abstract The Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) plays a crucial role during development and aberrant reactivation of EMT in tumor cells promotes metastasis and drug resistance. Mechanisms that control EMT remain incompletely understood, hampering efforts to target EMT in cancer patients. To identify upstream inducers and downstream effectors of EMT we have developed a novel zebrafish neural crest (NC) EMT reporter line, Tg(snail1b:GFP), for in vivo screening of EMT and cell migration inhibitors. After screening a number of candidate kinase inhibitors for their ability to block NC migration in live Tg(snail1b:GFP) embryos, we found that the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, TP-0903 (HCI-2084), potently blocks hindbrain morphogenesis and cranial NC cell migration. Treatment of embryos at the 3-somite stage with TP-0903 significantly decreases twist1a expression, a key regulator of EMT, blocks differentiation of dlx2a-expressing chondrogenic precursors, and instead promotes the differentiation of mitfa-expressing melanophore precursors that form adjacent to the neural tube. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that TP-0903 treated embryos have a significant upregulation of retinoic acid (RA) signaling. Co-treatment of TP-0903 with DEAB, an RA inhibitor, rescues the hindbrain and NC migration and differentiation defects caused by TP-0903 treatment. We are currently investigating the potential role of AXL in NC cell migration and differentiation, and evaluating TP-0903 as a possible therapy for neuroblastoma, by using the zebrafish neuroblastoma pre-clinical model and human neuroblastoma cells in vitro. Citation Format: Laura Jimenez, Jindong Wang, Cicely Jette, Steven L. Warner, David Bearss, Rodney Stewart. Identification of EMT inhibitors using novel zebrafish reporter lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4096. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4096
Under-Bump Metallization Contact Resistance ( $R_{c}$ ) Characterization at 10- $\mu \text{m}$ Polymer Passivation Opening (2017)

Under-bump metallization R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> is a critical metric for high-density interconnect in electronic devices. We developed a test vehicle to characterize the impact of unit processes on R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> for 10-μm polymer passivation opening. We demonstrate that advanced preclean is necessary to achieve low (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> <; 20 mQ) for future node extendibility, owing to reduction of both Al oxide and organometallic formation. This is achievable through a combination of low-temperature (<;100°C) preclean and fast residual gas purging from the chamber. A mechanism is proposed to explain the role of preclean in R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> performance. Influence of SiN etch on R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> is also investigated, and it was found that Cl-chemistry is better than F-chemistry to achieve low R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> .
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 1,1,3,3‐Tetramethyldisilazane. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Activation Mechanism of c-Jun Amino-terminal Kinase in the Course of Neural Differentiation of P19 Embryonic Carcinoma Cells (2004)

P19 embryonic carcinoma cells, a model system for studying early development and differentiation, can differentiate into neurons and primitive endoderm-like cells depending on the culture conditions. We have previously reported that the activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) is required for the retinoic acid-induced neural differentiation of P19 cells. However, the signaling pathway(s) responsible for the activation of JNK has not been known. In this study, we demonstrated that activities of MAPK kinase 4 (MKK4) and TAK1, one of the upstream kinases of MKK4, were enhanced in the neurally differentiating cells. Inhibition of the neural differentiation by an overexpression of protein phosphatase 2Cepsilon, an inactivator of TAK1, suggested a critical role of the TAK1 signaling pathway during the differentiation. Confocal microscopic analysis indicated that TAK1, phospho-MKK4, and phospho-JNK were colocalized with tubulin in the neurites and localized also in the nuclei of the differentiating cells. In contrast, two TAK1-binding proteins, TAB1 and TAB2, which are involved in the activation of TAK1, were localized in the neurites and the nuclei of the differentiating cells, respectively. These results suggest that two distinct TAK1-MKK4-JNK signaling pathways are independently activated at the different intracellular locations and may participate in the regulation of the neural differentiation of P19 cells.
Optomechanical spectroscopy with broadband interferometric and quantum cascade laser sources (2011)

The spectral tunability of semiconductor-metal multilayer structures can provide a channel for the conversion of light into useful mechanical actuation. Responses of suspended silicon, silicon nitride, chromium, gold, and aluminum microstructures are shown to be utilized as a detector for visible and IR spectroscopy. Both dispersive and interferometric approaches are investigated to delineate the potential use of the structures in spatially resolved spectroscopy and spectrally resolved microscopy. The thermoplasmonic, spectral absorption, interference effects, and the associated energy deposition that contributes to the mechanical response are discussed to describe the potential of optomechanical detection in future integrated spectrometers.
In vivo attenuation estimation in reflection mode. (1983)

Methods for "in vivo" tissue attenuation measurements, including a new method based on Short Time Fourier Analysis and discussion of their application to the clinical field.
Commercialization of Ultra-Hard Ceramics for Cutting Tools (Final Report: CRADA No. TC02079.0) (2011)

This was a collaborative effort between
Shifts in zero dispersion wavelength due to pressure, temperature and strain in dispersion shifted singlemode fibres (1992)

Linear increases in the zero dispersion wavelength for increasing pressure, temperature and strain in a dispersion shifted fibre (DSF) have been observed. The shift arises as a result of an increasing differential refractive index between core and cladding, irrespective of the sign of the absolute refractive index change.
Low‐loss STEM ‐ EELS analysis of beam‐sensitive lithium‐ion negative electrodes (2016)

Silicon represents one of the most promising anode materials for next generation lithium‐ion batteries. However its colossal volume expansion (up to 300%) upon electrochemical reaction with lithium repeatedly exposes fresh surfaces to electrolyte solvent oxidation 1‐2 . This leads to very high irreversible capacities, compounded by the fact that parts of the silicon‐based electrodes are progressively disconnected from both electrical and ionic transport networks as the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) accumulates. Deeper insight into these degradation phenomena is critical to engineer adequate electrodes and/or electrolytes. Characterization of these electrodes has so far mostly focused on either bulk or surface analysis, both lacking spatial resolution. Little is known about the SEI's morphology in silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) aggregates that make the electrode, or about the evolution of these nanoparticles themselves with cycling. Attempts to characterize this system through electron microscopy have been severely limited by the radiolysis and sputtering damage, respectively, undergone by the SEI and lithium‐silicon alloys (Li x Si). In this work we demonstrate the possibility to map major SEI and electrode components such as lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium oxide (Li 2 O) as well as quantifying lithium‐silicon alloys compositions 4 and Si crystallinity from a single dataset by combining scanning transmission electron microscopy and low‐loss electron energy loss spectroscopy 5 (STEM‐EELS) (fig. 1). The low‐loss part of the EEL spectrum is considerably more intense than its high energy counterpart and contains both the Li K‐edge and plasmons. Fine tuning of the experimental parameters allows us to acquire low‐loss spectrum images with good signal‐noise ratios within timeframes compatible with minimal sample degradation. Plasmons can then either be used as unique molecular signatures for the SEI, or directly for quantification in the case of Li x Si compounds (fig. 2 inset). This can yield unique insight into electrode degradation phenomena through careful data processing (MLLS, Drude model fit…). Large spectrum images can be acquired within short timeframes (~10 ms/voxel), making this method a powerful and practical diagnostics tool for battery electrodes and other beam‐sensitive nanostructured systems. Results on electrodes disassembled from full cells at their 1 st , 10 th and 100 th charge and discharge, with a limited capacity of 1200 mAh/g, shed light on the SEI's deposition mechanism and morphological as well as chemical evolution along cycling for different electrolytes. Strong correlations were observed between the SEI's local chemistry and our nanoparticles cycling performance (fig. 2). Lithiation was also observed to proceed preferentially along grain boundaries, resulting in different behaviours between mono‐ and polycrystalline silicon powders.
Kinetics of laser-induced chemical vapor deposition of gold (1987)

Rates of photothermal gold deposition onto alumina substrates heated by a focused argon-ion laser beam were measured by determining the time required for deposits to grow through the focal spot of a HeNe laser probe beam directed parallel to the substrate. Deposition rates from 0.25 to 6 μm/s were measured for deposits with heights ranging from 5 to 100 μm. Rates of gold deposition using dimethyl gold hexafluoroacetylacetonate as a precursor depend linearly on the gold precursor partial pressure and for a wide variety of conditions do not depend on the laser power or focal spot diameter. A theory is presented to describe reactant mass transfer-controlled deposition with and without buffer gas. Comparison of measured with calculated growth rates showed that gold deposition rates using dimethyl gold hexafluoroacetylacetonate as a precursor were transport limited for the conditions studied. Theory and experiment also showed that the deposition rate decreases inversely with increasing buffer gas pressure above a critical pressure.
Probing the viscoelastic properties of brominated isobutylene‐co‐p‐methylstyrene rubber/tackifier blends using a rubber process analyzer (2008)

Abstract The viscoelastic behavior of brominated isobutylene‐ co‐p ‐methylstyrene (BIMS) rubber/hydrocarbon resin blends and BIMS/phenol formaldehyde resin blends was studied with the use of a rubber process analyzer. Dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate the compatibility between the BIMS/tackifier blends. Strain sweep tests at temperature below the softening point of the tackifiers showed the formation of resin–resin networks in the incompatible BIMS/phenolic resin blends. However, resin–resin network was not prominent in the case of the compatible BIMS/hydrocarbon resin blends. Frequency sweep tests were performed at the strain amplitude within the linear region at several temperatures and the variations of shear storage modulus, G ′ and complex viscosity, η* against frequency were recorded. The tackifying resins modified the viscoelastic properties of the BIMS rubber by reducing the storage modulus at lower frequency and by increasing the storage modulus at higher frequencies. However, this action was found to be highly dependent on (a) rubber‐tackifier compatibility, (b) blend proportions, and (c) test temperature. Furthermore, stress relaxation measurements of the BIMS/tackifier blends at temperature below the softening point of the tackifiers showed longer period of relaxation for the incompatible BIMS/phenolic resin blends. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Comments on "Applications of some new tools to robust stability analysis of spark ignition engine: a case study" (1998)

The authors comment on the usage in the original paper (Abate, Barmish, Murillo-Sanches and Tempo, ibid., vol.2, p.22-30, 1994) of a previously published equation for internal combustion engine sampling period calculation. They then point out a need for inclusion of induction-to-power delay when dealing with models of low-speed engine operations such as around idle speed.
Advances in the surgical management of nephrolithiasis. (2004)

The surgical management of urinary calculus disease has undergone a dramatic evolution over the past 2 decades. Twenty years ago, open surgical procedures for urinary calculi were some of the most frequently performed urologic procedures. Since then, however, stone management has been at the forefront of "minimally invasive" intervention. Specifically, the initiation and refinement of percutaneous and ureteroscopic access to the upper tracts, along with the rapid and nearly simultaneous development of both extracorporeal and intracorporeal lithotripsy techniques, has limited the role of open surgery to less than 1% of patients undergoing intervention for their stone disease. This manuscript will review the current indications for the surgical management of urinary calculi, the basic physics of the most frequently utilized vehicles for both extracorporeal and intracorporeal lithotripsy, and the respective roles of extracorporeal and intracorporeal lithotripsy with percutaneous or ureteroscopic access and open surgery. In addition, the results and complications associated with each of these forms of intervention will be reviewed. Finally, a discussion of specific clinical challenges to the urologist will be presented.
Cloning Nacre's 3D Interlocking Skeleton in Engineering Composites to Achieve Exceptional Mechanical Properties (2016)

Ceramic/polymer composite equipped with 3D interlocking skeleton (3D IL) is developed through a simple freeze-casting method, exhibiting exceptionally light weight, high strength, toughness, and shock resistance. Long-range crack energy dissipation enabled by 3D interlocking structure is considered as the primary reinforcing mechanism for such superior properties. The smart composite design strategy should hold a place in developing future structural engineering materials.