gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phage Therapy Approaches to Reducing Pathogen Persistence and Transmission in Animal Production Environments: Opportunities and Challenges (2017)

The era of genomics has allowed for characterization of phages for use as antimicrobials to treat animal infections with a level of precision never before realized. As more research in phage therapy has been conducted, several advantages of phage therapy have been realized, including the ubiquitous nature, specificity, prevalence in the biosphere, and low inherent toxicity of phages, which makes them a safe and sustainable technology for control of animal diseases. These unique qualities of phages have led to several opportunities with respect to emerging trends in infectious disease treatment. However, the opportunities are tempered by several challenges to the successful implementation of phage therapy, such as the fact that an individual phage can only infect one or a few bacterial strains, meaning that large numbers of different phages will likely be needed to treat infections caused by multiple species of bacteria. In addition, phages are only effective if enough of them can reach the site of bacterial colonization, but clearance by the immune system upon introduction to the animal is a reality that must be overcome. Finally, bacterial resistance to the phages may develop, resulting in treatment failure. Even a successful phage infection and lysis of its host has consequences, because large amounts of endotoxin are released upon lysis of Gram-negative bacteria, which can lead to local and systemic complications. Overcoming these challenges will require careful design and development of phage cocktails, including comprehensive characterization of phage host range and assessment of immunological risks associated with phage treatment.
Large‐Scale Manufacturing of Polymer Planarization Layers (2021)

Abstract Polymeric planarization layers play a pivotal role in OLED displays’ thin‐film encapsulation. With its low material consumption, deposition geometry flexibility, high throughput, and reliability, inkjet printing is the preferred deposition technology for such films.
Parallel Induction of CH505 B Cell Ontogeny-Guided Neutralizing Antibodies and tHIVconsvX Conserved Mosaic-Specific T Cells against HIV-1 (2019)

The aim of this work was to start collecting information on rational combination of antibody (Ab) and T cell vaccines into single regimens. Two promising candidate HIV-1 vaccine strategies, sequential isolates of CH505 virus Envs developed for initiation of broadly neutralizing antibody lineages and conserved-mosaic tHIVconsvX immunogens aiming to induce effective cross-clade T cell responses, were combined to assess vaccine interactions. These immunogens were delivered in heterologous vector/modality regimens consisting of non-replicating simian (chimpanzee) adenovirus ChAdOx1 (C), non-replicating poxvirus MVA (M), and adjuvanted protein (P). Outbred CD1-SWISS mice were vaccinated intramuscularly using either parallel CM8M (tHIVconsvX)/CPPP (CH505) or sequential CM16M (tHIVconsvX)/CPPP (CH505) protocols, the latter of which delivered T cell CM prior to the CH505 Env. CM8M (tHIVconsvX) and CPPP or CMMP (CH505) vaccinations alone were included as comparators. The vaccine-elicited HIV-1-specific trimer-binding and neutralizing Abs and CD8<sup>+</sup>/CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell responses induced by the combined and comparator regimens were not statistically separable among regimens. The Ab-lineage immunogen strategy was particularly suited for combined regimens for its likely less potent induction of Env-specific T cell responses relative to homologous epitope-based vaccine strategies. These results inform design of the first rationally combined Ab and T cell vaccine regimens in human volunteers.
Functional expression of a blood tolerant laccase in Pichia pastoris (2013)

The tandem-yeast system based on S. cerevisiae to perform directed evolution and P. pastoris to over-express the evolved laccases constitutes a promising approach for the in vitro evolution and production of these enzymes towards different biocatalytic and bioelectrochemical applications.
Intravenous Azathioprine in Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Pilot Study (2000)

Intravenous azathioprine appears to be safe and of clinical benefit in inducing response and avoiding colectomy in severe steroid refractory ulcerative colitis. Data from an i.v. azathioprine trial in Crohn's disease suggests oral dosing alone may obtain the same results. The role of oral dosing alone in severe ulcerative colitis and the role of azathioprine metabolite levels in monitoring efficacy should be investigated further.
Tris(2-perfluorohexylethyl)tin Hydride (2003)

[175354-32-2] C24H13F39Sn (MW 1161.01) InChI = 1S/3C8H4F13.Sn.H/c3*1-2-3(9,10)4(11,12)5(13,14)6(15,16)7(17,18)8(19,20)21;;/h3*1-2H2;; InChIKey = XDEOXVCAUPQFMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (a substitute for tributyltin hydride in radical reactions with easy work up procedure to remove tin residues;1 reduction of halides, nitro compounds, phenylselenides, and xanthates;2 promotes radical cyclizations and Giese reactions; hydrostannation of alkenes and alkynes; hydroxymethylation of halides under high pressure of CO;3 a useful reagent for reactions carried out in supercritical CO2).4 Alternate Name: Tris-(3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluorooc-tyl)stannane; Curran–Hadida reagent. Physical Data: bp 115 °C/0.1 mmHg. Solubility: insoluble or sparingly in most organic solvents such as chloroform, dichloromethane, benzene, tert-butanol, and tolu-ene; soluble in perfluorocarbon solvents, for example, perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PFMC) and FC-72 (mixture of isomers of perfluorohexane); partially fluorinated solvents, for example, benzotrifluoride (BTF); ethereal solvents, for example, diethyl ether and supercritical CO2 (scCO2). Form Supplied in: clear, colorless, odorless liquid; will be commercialized by Fluorous technologies, Inc. (www.fluorous.com). Preparative Methods: generation of a Grignard reagent from perfluorohexylethyl iodide and quenching with trichlorophenyltin gave a fluorous phenyl tin compound. Bromolysis of the Sn–Ph bond followed by reduction with LAH gave tris(2-perfluoroh-exylethyl)tin hydride in 65% overall yield (eq 1).2, 5 (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the toxicity of the fluorous tin hydride has not been examined. However, alkyltin compounds are generally toxic and should be handled with care in a fume hood. The reagent should be stored in a refrigerator under nitrogen atmosphere and kept away from light and air.
Xenotransplantation: is the risk of viral infection as great as we (2000)

Two major hurdles remain before xenotransplantation can enter the clinic. The first is the more technical issue of being able to overcome the human immune response that leads to rejection of transplanted organs/cells from other species. The second, reviewed here, concerns the potential risk of inadvertent transfer of animal viruses present in the xenotransplant that are able to infect the human recipient. The threat from viruses is a particularly contentious topic because it poses a risk not only to those individuals who receive xenotransplants, but also to healthy individuals who come into contact, either directly or indirectly, with the xenotransplant recipient. In this review, we describe some of the virus types, in addition to the much discussed porcine endogenous retroviruses that might cross the species barrier, and assess the risk of such viruses causing disease in human hosts.
Improving Spherical Image Resampling through Viewport-Adaptivity (2023)

The conversion between different spherical image and video projection formats requires highly accurate resampling techniques in order to minimize the inevitable loss of information. Suitable resampling algorithms such as nearest neighbor, linear or cubic resampling are readily available. However, no generally applicable resampling technique exploits the special properties of spherical images so far. Thus, we propose a novel viewport-adaptive resampling (VAR) technique that takes the spherical characteristics of the underlying resampling problem into account. VAR can be applied to any mesh-to-mesh capable resampling algorithm and shows significant gains across all tested techniques. In combination with frequency-selective resampling, VAR outperforms conventional cubic resampling by more than 2 dB in terms of WS-PSNR. A visual inspection and the evaluation of further metrics such as PSNR and SSIM support the positive results.
A new plaque system for canine distemper: characteristics of the green strain of canine distemper virus (1979)

A Vero cell adapted Green strain of canine distemper virus (CDV) was tested for its plaque-forming capacity in different cell lines. Plaque formation was observed in HEp-2, BS-C-1, and HeLa cells but not in Vero or dog kidney cells even though replication and cytopathology were observed in the latter cell types. In the cells in which the virus was capable of producing plaques, the plaques were observed within 24 h post infection and continued to increase in size with subsequent cellular destruction such that by 72 h postinfection the size of the plaques approached 0.5 mm. With the use of the plaquing technique, it was possible to demonstrate the thermal lability of the virus as well as the kinetics of adsorption. Thus, it was shown that the half-life of the virus was 125 min at 25 degrees C, 75 min at 35 degrees C, and 65 min at 37 degrees C. The rate of adsorption of CDV to HEp-2 cells was 17.2% in 30 min at 37 degrees C and continued slowly for 4 h before completion. Application of this rapid plaque-forming assay to plaque-reduction tests for CDV antibody and for CDV-infected cells by the infectious center assay are described.
Lentiviral vectors pseudotyped with minimal filovirus envelopes increased gene transfer in murine lung (2003)

A human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-based vector pseudotyped with the Ebola Zaire (EboZ) viral envelope glycoprotein (GP) was recently shown to transduce murine airway epithelia cells in vivo. In this study, the vector was further redesigned to improve gene transfer and also to increase safety. We used mutant EboZ envelopes for pseudotyping, which resulted in higher titers and increased transduction of airway cells in vivo compared to vectors pseudotyped with wild-type EboZ GP. As these envelopes lack regions associated with toxicity of the wild-type EboZ GP, they should also be safer to use for pseudotyping of lentiviral vectors. In addition, lentiviral vectors were created based on feline immunodeficiency virus and shown to have similar efficiency of transduction compared to HIV-based vectors. The creation of lentiviral vectors with highly engineered EboZ envelopes improved the performance of the system and should also increase its safety since only minimal regions of the EboZ envelope, which lack the toxic domain, are used.
Flow Cytometric Assessment of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Content in Renal Adenocarcinoma: Does Ploidy Status Enhance Prognostic Stratification Over Stage Alone? (1990)

Flow cytometry was used to analyze deparaffinized primary renal cell carcinoma specimens from 106 patients to evaluate deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy as a predictor of disease progression and survival. Of these specimens 62 (58%) demonstrated aneuploid stem lines: 30 (48%) of these were tetraploid aneuploid while 32 were nontetraploid aneuploid. Two or more specimens were analyzed from a single primary tumor in 17 patients and heterogeneity of ploidy status was observed in 5 (30%). Specimens of the primary tumor, and regional and/or distant metastases from 11 patients were analyzed; 5 (45%) demonstrated discordance between the ploidy of the primary and the metastatic site. A significant correlation was noted between the presence of aneuploid stem lines and high stage disease (p equals 0.004) but there was no significant correlation between ploidy status and tumor grade. Although there was a significant difference (p equals 0.037) in the incidence of disease progression in patients with diploid tumors (13%) versus those with aneuploid tumors (35%) in the total population, and Kaplan-Meier disease-specific survival curves demonstrated a survival advantage for patients with diploid tumors in the total population, no clear survival advantage was demonstrated for evaluable patients with diploid tumors when controlled for tumor, nodes and metastases stage. In conclusion, the heterogeneity of ploidy status in primary renal cell carcinoma, the high incidence of disease progression in patients with diploid primary tumors and the lack of a clearly demonstrable stage-independent impact of ploidy on prognosis currently would not support widespread clinical application of ploidy status of the primary tumor in the management of individual patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Multicast multigroup precoding for frame-based multi-gateway satellite communications (2016)

The present work focuses on the forward link of fixed multibeam broadband satellite systems which employ aggressive frequency reuse patterns in the user-link. For such scenarios, the state-of-the art frame based precoding methods can improve the system performance, exploiting the super framing structure of the latest physical layer evolutions in satellite communications. Nevertheless, the limitations of feeder link need to be considered. Since the increase of the user link capacity leads to a proportional increase in the capacity requirements of the point-to-point feeder link, the deployment of multiple gateways to feed the satellite is examined. The main concept lies in each earth station being dedicated to serve a cluster of beams. In this context, the performance degradation due to inter-cluster interference is quantified. Since inter-cluster interference is expected to primarily affect cluster-edge users, the chosen performance metric is system fairness. Next, coordination between the multiple gateways is proposed as a means to mitigate interference between the different clusters and thus increase the minimum SINR over the coverage. Consequently, the gains in terms of system availability, a crucial metric in satellite communications, are exhibited via numerical system level simulations. The energy efficiency of the proposed system is also presented.
<title>Durability testing of antireflection coatings for solar applications</title> (1999)

Antireflection (AR) coatings can be incorporated into highly transmitting glazings that, depending upon their cost, performance, and durability of optical properties, can be economically viable in solar collectors, agricultural greenhouses, and PV systems. A number of AR-coated glazings have been prepared under the auspices of the International Energy Agency Working Group on Durability of Materials for Solar Thermal Collectors. The AR coatings are of two types, including (1) various sol-gels applied to glass and (2) an embossed treatment of sheet acrylic. Typically, for unweathered glazings, a 4 - 5% increase in solar-weighted transmittance has been achieved. For AR-coated glass, reflectance values as low as 0.5% - 0.7% at selected wavelengths (680 - 720 nm) were obtained. To determine the durability of the hemispherical transmittance, several collaborating countries are testing these materials both outdoors and in accelerated weathering chambers. All materials exposed outdoors are affixed to mini-collector boxes to simulate flat-plate collector conditions. Results for candidate AR coatings weathered at geographically disperse outdoor test sites exhibit changes in spectral transmittance primarily in the high visible range (600 - 700 nm). Accelerated testing at measured levels of simulated solar irradiance, and at different constant levels of temperature and relative humidity have been performed in different countries. Parallel testing with different levels of laboratory-controlled relevant stress factors permits the time-dependent performance of these materials to be compared with measured results from in-service outdoor exposure conditions. Coating adhesion and performance loss resulting from dirt and dust retention are also discussed.
Supplementary Table 1, Figures 1-10, Methods from An EGFR-ERK-SOX9 Signaling Cascade Links Urothelial Development and Regeneration to Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 1, Figures 1-10, Methods from An EGFR-ERK-SOX9 Signaling Cascade Links Urothelial Development and Regeneration to Cancer
Noninterpenetrating Square-Grid Coordination Polymers With Dimensions of 25×25 Å2 Prepared by UsingN,N′-Type Ligands: The First Chiral Square-Grid Coordination Polymer (2002)

Die Größe des freien Raums in den ersten chiralen Quadratgitter-Koordinationspolymeren ohne Durchdringungsstruktur (siehe Bild) lässt sich über die Größe der Seitenketten des Liganden 9,9-Bis[(S)-2-methylbutyl]-2,7-bis(4-pyridylethinyl)fluoren einstellen. Die großen Kanäle und die Chiralität der Verbindungen, die aus dem chiralen N,N′-Bipyridin-artigen Liganden auf Fluorenbasis und einem CuII-Salz erhalten wurden, lassen auf Anwendungen in der enantiomerselektiven molekularen Erkennung hoffen.
PECASE: New Directions for Silicon Integrated Optics (2013)

Abstract : This progress report summarizes achievements in Professor Hochberg's research group at the University of Delaware in the development of three new application areas for silicon photonics. This work has been supported by the AFOSR PECASE award since February 2010. The research goals including demonstrating radically new classes of nonlinear optical devices in the silicon system, demonstrating mid-infrared integrated optics in silicon and pursuing new investigations into using silicon resonators as high sensitivity biosensors will be discussed. The results of the research including scientific publications and patents are included in this report. AFOSR support has been acknowledged in all these publications and presentations.
Nature of the ribosomal mRNA track: Analysis of ribosome-binding sites containing different sequences and secondary structures (1993)

The ribosomal mRNA track was investigated by toeprinting 30S ribosomes, in the presence or absence of tRNA, using a variety of different ribosome-binding sites. We found that: (1) the ribosome, by itself, recognizes the mRNA translational initiation site; (2) the ribosomal mRNA track makes extensive contact with mRNA independent of tRNA and the start codon; (3) ribosome-mRNA complexes are less stable than complexes containing tRNA; and (4) toeprinting can be used to analyze the contour of the ribosomal mRNA track, yielding information on its "height" as well as its "length" dimension. Examination of several ribosome-binding sites, including those containing very stable secondary structure, indicated that the "height" of the mRNA track is quite roomy, while the nucleotide distance between the site of Shine-Dalgarno annealing, the P site, and the 3'-edge of the mRNA track is fixed. The data suggest a mechanism for tethering regulatory elements to the ribosome during translation.
Synthesis and performance of polycarboxylate superplasticisers with different propylene oxide contents (2018)

A series of polycarboxylate superplasticisers (PCEs) were synthesised by the random free radical polymerisation of acrylic acid (AA) and polyether containing different propylene oxide (PO) contents. The structures of the polymers were confirmed by gel permeation chromatography, hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance and infrared spectroscopy. The influence of the PCEs with different PO contents on the dispersion, adsorption, hydration and fluidity retaining abilities of cement pastes was investigated. The results indicated that the PCEs containing PO units exhibited a similar initial cement paste fluidity and better slump retaining ability. The adsorption experiments were consistent with the cement paste tests. The PCEs showed similar initial adsorption amounts at different dosages. The PCEs with PO content, however, especially with higher PO content, exhibited obviously lower adsorption amounts over time at the dosage of 2·5 mg/g. In addition, the PO units in the PCEs demonstrated a weaker effect on cement hydration.
Supplementary Figure Legends from STING Ligand c-di-GMP Improves Cancer Vaccination against Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 114K&lt;/p&gt;
Human cellular retinol‐binding protein gene organization and chromosomal location (1988)

The gene encoding the human cellular retinol-binding protein (CRBP) has been isolated from genomic libraries and its structure determined. Only one copy of the gene is present in the human genome. We have located the CRBP gene to segment 3p11-3qter on human chromosome 3 using hybridizations to mouse-human, rat-human and hamster-human cell hybrids. The gene harbors four exons encoding 24, 59, 33, and 16 amino acid residues respectively. The second intervening sequence alone occupies 19 kb of the 21 kb of the CRBP gene. The nucleotide sequence of the gene has been determined with the exception of the second intron. The positions of the introns agree with those in the rat CRBPII, the rat liver fatty-acid-binding protein and the mouse adipose P2 protein genes encoding molecules belonging to the same protein family as CRBP. In contrast to the other sequenced members of this family the promoter of the CRBP gene resembles those found in the 'housekeeping' genes in that it is (G + C)-rich, contains multiple copies of the CCGCCC sequence and lacks TATA box. A 9-bp homology containing the core sequence of the simian virus 40 enhancer repeat was found in the 5' upstream region. A genomic Southern blot probed with CRBP cDNA revealed hybridizing bands in restricted chicken and frog DNA.
Arginase-1 and Ym1 Are Markers for Murine, but Not Human, Alternatively Activated Myeloid Cells (2005)

In an interesting paper, Scotton et al. ([1][1]) reported the effects of IL-13 on the transcriptional profile of human monocytes. Comparing their results with studies analyzing the profile induced by IL-4 in murine macrophages ([2][2], [3][3]), the authors notice some differences, giving as examples
Assessing the commutability of reference material formats for the harmonization of amyloid-β measurements (2015)

The neat CSF candidate CRM format was commutable for 33 of 36 method comparisons, only one comparison more than expected given the 95% PI acceptance limit. We conclude that the neat CSF candidate CRM can be used for value assignment of the kit calibrators for the different Aβ42 methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of Nucleoside 5′‐O‐Phosphates, ‐Phosphorothioates, ‐Methanephosphonates, and ‐Methanephosphonothioates Toward Activated Xylonucleosides. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design Optimization Of Gas Pumping System For Ultra Clean Reduced-Gas-Pressure Processing Equipment (2005)

Impurity back diffusion through a UHV pump in reduced-gas-processing chambers has been experimentally studied. A large throughput of process gases severely degrades the main UHV pump capability in dragging impurities, resulting in the back diffusion of impurities to the processing chamber. Such degradation is greatly influenced by the pumping speed of the backing pump. However, we have found for the first time that the impurity level in the chamber can be made even lower than that for the best performance under UHV when the gas flow rate is optimized for the system. The scenario to the gas pumping system optimization is presented.