gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between serum prostate-specific antigen and prostate volume in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia from multicenter study (2005)

Purpose: Prostate volume (PV) is a key predictor of both the progression and response to medical therapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been studied as a proxy marker for the estimation of the total PV in a predominantly Caucasian patient population. If the PV of Korean men is smaller than that of Caucasian men, the PSA-PV of Korean men may be different from those of the other races. The relationship between the PSA and PV was evaluated in Korean men. Materials and Methods: Patients with lower urinary tract symptoms and BPH, aged between 50 and 79 years, between 1999 and 2004, were enrolled in this multicentered study. IPSS, PSA, uroflowmetry and TRUS measurements were performed on all patients. Men with a PSA greater than 10ng/ml were excluded to reduce the likelihood of including occult prostate cancer cases. Those with suspicious findings on digital rectal examination and serum PSA were biopsied to rule out prostate cancer. Results: The analysis included 5,716 patients, with a mean age 64.3 years, and mean baseline PV and PSA of 36.9ml and 2.4ng/ml, respectively. The PV and serum PSA have an age-dependent log-linear relationship. Older men tend to have a steeper rate of increase in their PV with increasing serum PSA. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the ability of the serum PSA to predict the threshold of the PV in men with BPH. The ROC curve analysis revealed that the PSA had good predictive value for various PV cutoff points (30, 40 and 50ml). Conclusions: The PSA-PV relationship in Korean men was similar to that in Caucasians. However, Korean men have a lower PSA and smaller PV than Caucasians. Approximate age-specific criteria for detecting Korean men with PV exceeding 40ml are: PSA 1.3ng/ml, 1.7ng/ml and 2.0 ng/ml for men with BPH in their 50s, 60s and 70s, respectively.
Continuously Maintaining Positive Flow Avoids Endocardial Suction of a Rotary Blood Pump with Left Ventricular Bypass (2000)

This study showed the usefulness of maintaining positive pump flow to avoid endocardial suction and as an assist bypass. Three calves were implanted with centrifugal pumps. Hemodynamics and pump parameters were measured at varying pump speeds (from 1,100 to 2,300 rpm). In each test pump, speed was adjusted to create 3 hemodynamic states: both positive and negative flow (PNF), positive and zero flow (PZF), and continuously positive flow (CPF). The pump flow volume was determined during systole (Vs) and diastole (Vd). Vs in PNF was 29.6 ml and was not significantly different from Vs in PZF (p > 0.15). Vd in PNF was significantly different from Vd in PZF (p < 0.05). All bypass rates of PNF were over 30% of pulmonary flow. All PZF bypass rates were between the PNF rate and the CPF rate. These data showed that PZF satisfied the minimum requirement of assist flow and was under 100% bypass. Thus, PZF may avoid endocardial suction.
Geometric and dosimetric impact of anatomical changes for MR‐only radiation therapy for the prostate (2019)

Variations in the bladder and rectal volume can significantly dislocate the prostate and OARs, which can negatively impact the dose delivered to these organs. This warrants proper preparation of patients during treatment and imaging sessions, especially when imaging required longer scan times such as MR protocols.
Structural details of amyloid beta oligomers in complex with human prion protein as revealed by solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy (2020)

ABSTRACT Human PrP (huPrP) is a high-affinity receptor for oligomeric Aβ. Synthetic oligomeric Aβ species are known to be heterogeneous, dynamic and transient, rendering their structural investigation particularly challenging. Here, we used huPrP to preserve Aβ oligomers by co-precipitating them into large hetero-assemblies to investigate the conformation of Aβ(1-42) oligomers and huPrP in the complex by solid-state MAS NMR spectroscopy. The disordered N-terminal region of huPrP becomes immobilized in the complex and therefore visible in dipolar spectra without adopting chemical shifts characteristic of a regular secondary structure. Most of the well-defined C-terminal part of huPrP is part of the rigid complex, and solid-state NMR spectra suggest a loss in regular secondary structure in the last two α-helices. For Aβ(1-42) oligomers in complex with huPrP, secondary chemical shifts reveal a substantial β-strand content. Importantly, not all Aβ(1-42) molecules within the complex have identical conformations. Comparison with the chemical shifts of synthetic Aβ fibrils suggests that the Aβ oligomer preparation represents a heterogeneous mixture of β-strand-rich assemblies, of which some have the potential to evolve and elongate into different fibril polymorphs, reflecting a general propensity of Aβ to adopt variable β-structure conformers.
All-semiconductor high-power extreme chirped pulse amplification system (2006)

A proposed method, called "eXtreme Chirped Pulse Amplification(X-CPA)", to overcome the limitation of small storage energy of semiconductor optical amplifiers is demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. Results show an efficient energy extraction, a nonlinear suppression, and an excellent optical signal-to-noise ratio. In addition, we built an all-semiconductor X-CPA system using a highly dispersive chirped fiber Bragg grating which possesses 1600ps/nm with 6nm bandwidth at 975nm which generates sub-picosecond optical pulses with >kW record peak power output at 95MHz.
Pre-existing population immunity and SARS-CoV-2 variant establishment and dominance dynamics in the United States: An ecological study (2022)

Abstract We conducted an ecological analysis of the dynamics of Delta and Omicron establishment and dominance in U.S. states. Omicron became the dominant circulating variant later in states with higher population-level immunity. By contrast, population immunity did not impact the rates of transition from prior variants to either Delta or Omicron.
Quantifying Endocytosis In Vivo Using Intravital Two-Photon Microscopy (2008)

The recent introduction of multiphoton microscopy coupled with advances in optics, computer sciences, designer fluorophores, molecular labeling, and previously developed physiologic approaches have empowered investigators to quantitatively study the cell-specific dynamic events, such as endocytosis, within a functioning organ with subcellular resolution. This rapidly emerging field of investigation, with superior spatial and temporal resolution and high sensitivity, enables investigators to track molecules and determine their mode of cellular uptake, intracellular trafficking, and metabolism in a cell-specific fashion in complex heterogeneous organs such as the kidney with repeated determinations possible over a prolonged period of time. This approach is enhanced by the ability to obtain and quantify volumetric data with using up to three different fluorophores simultaneously. We have utilized this intravital approach to understand and quantify kidney proximal tubule cell uptake and intracellular distribution and metabolism of fluorescently labeled molecules, including folic acid, gentamicin, and small interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA). Limitations of this technique include tissue penetration, which is the major barrier to successful clinical utilization of this technology. However, its use in preclinical animal models offers new insight into physiologic processes and the pathophysiology and treatment of disease processes.
Quantification of Multiple Molecular Fingerprints by Dual‐Resonant Perfect Absorber (2016)

A dual‐resonant perfect absorber (PA) based on multiple dipolar nanoantenna configuration is introduced. The PA platform exhibits near‐unity (95%–98%) absorbance in dual‐resonances. A fine‐tuning mechanism of dual‐resonances is determined via geometrical device parameters of the constituting dipolar elements of the compact PA system. It is also shown that the dual plasmonic resonances are associated with easily accessible and large local electromagnetic fields. Possessing large absorbance with strong nearfields, the PA system is highly advantageous for surface enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) spectroscopy applications. The simultaneous detection of absorption signals corresponding to C=O and C–H bands of a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film, which are separated by as large as ≈1255 cm −1 , is experimentally shown. Furthermore, the interaction between plasmonic modes of the PA platform and the molecular vibrational modes of the PMMA film is investigated by tuning the optical resonances within the C=O spectral window. The coupling strength between plasmonic and vibrational modes is determined by Hamilton analysis, which leads to mode splitting and anticrossing behavior within the PA absorption spectra. The PA platform, by enabling simultaneous identification of different molecular fingerprints, can provide more reliable sensing information compared to classical SEIRA systems based only on a single vibrational mode.
Contexto e voto: o impacto da reorganização da direita sobre a consistência ideológica do voto nas eleições de 2018 (2020)

Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o efeito da ideologia sobre o voto em Bolsonaro na eleição presidencial de 2018. Nosso argumento é que, após um longo período de ação discreta sobre o comportamento político dos brasileiros, os fatores ideológicos voltaram a ter relevância. A partir de uma perspectiva contextualista, apresentamos indícios de que a reorganização da direita no parlamento, nas ruas e nos meios de comunicação e a oferta de uma candidatura de extrema direita na competição eleitoral criaram condições favoráveis para o alinhamento, no eleitorado, entre a ideologia e a escolha eleitoral em 2018. Os dados revelam que o brasileiro está mais ideologicamente orientado e confirmam o impacto da ideologia sobre o voto.
Spectroscopic performance improvement of SOI pixel detector for X-ray astronomy by introducing Double-SOI structure (2020)

This paper reports the spectroscopic performance improvement of the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) pixel detector for X-ray astronomy, by introducing a double-SOI (D-SOI) structure. For applications in X-ray astronomical observatories, we have been developing a series of monolithic active pixel sensors, named as "XRPIXs," based on SOI pixel technology. The D-SOI structure has an advantage that it can suppress a parasitic capacitance between the sensing node and the circuit layer, due to which the closed-loop gain cannot be increased in our conventional XRPIXs with a single-SOI (S-SOI) structure. Compared to the S-SOI XRPIX, the closed-loop gain is doubled in the D-SOI XRPIX. The readout noise is effectively lowered to 33% (16 e− (rms)), and the energy resolution at 6.4 keV is improved by a factor of 1.7 (290 eV in FWHM). The suppression of the parasitic capacitance is also quantitatively evaluated based on the results of capacitance extraction simulation from the layout. This evaluation provides design guidelines for further reduction of the readout noise.
Attractive versus Repulsive Excitonic Interactions of Colloidal Quantum Dots Control Blue- to Red-Shifting (and Non-shifting) Amplified Spontaneous Emission (2013)

Tunable, high-performance, two-photon absorption (TPA)-based amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from near-unity quantum efficiency colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) is reported. Besides the absolute spectral tuning of ASE, the relative spectral tuning of ASE peak with respect to spontaneous emission was shown through engineering excitonic interactions in quasi-type-II CdSe/CdS core/shell CQDs. With core–shell size adjustments, it was revealed that Coulombic exciton–exciton interactions can be tuned to be attractive (type-I-like) or repulsive (type-II-like) leading to red- or blue-shifted ASE peak, respectively, and that nonshifting ASE can be achieved with the right core–shell combinations. The possibility of obtaining ASE at a specific wavelength from both type-I-like and type-II-like CQDs was also demonstrated. The experimental observations were supported by parametric quantum-mechanical modeling, shedding light on the type-tunability. These excitonically engineered CQD-solids exhibited TPA-based ASE threshold as low as 6.5 mJ/cm2 under 800 nm excitation, displaying one of the highest values of TPA cross-section of 44 660 GM.
Redox Cycling within Nanoparticle-Nucleated Protein Superstructures: Electron Transfer between Nanoparticulate Gold, Molecular Reductant, and Cytochrome c (2021)

We previously described how thousands of the heme protein cytochrome <i>c</i> (cyt.<i>c</i>) self-organize into multilayered, roughly spherical superstructures as initiated by nucleation around one colloidal gold or silver nanoparticle. Within these superstructures, the protein is stabilized to unfolding in buffered media and survives superstructure encapsulation within silica gels and processing to form bioaerogels. We now report that Au∼cyt.<i>c</i> superstructures in buffered media are not simply static groupings of proteins, but that the Au core and protein corona exhibit dynamic electron-transfer reactions within the superstructure as verified by UV-visible and resonance Raman spectroscopy. Within the superstructure, hundreds to thousands of ferricytochrome <i>c</i> (Fe<sup>III</sup>-cyt.<i>c</i>) are reduced to ferrocytochrome <i>c</i> (Fe<sup>II</sup>-cyt.<i>c</i>) following first-order kinetics with an average apparent forward rate constant of 1.9 ±0.4 × 10<sup>-5</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. The reducing power in the microheterogeneous medium is derived from two multielectron reductants: tannic acid used to stabilize the commercial gold sol and the Au nanoparticle at the center of the protein superstructure. Fluorescence monitoring of guanidinium chloride-induced unfolding reveals that superstructure-associated cyt.<i>c</i> is stabilized to unfolding before and after chemical reduction of Fe<sup>III</sup>-cyt.<i>c</i> to form Fe<sup>II</sup>-cyt.<i>c</i>, indicating that the superstructures remain intact during microheterogeneous redox reactions. Smaller nucleating Au nanoparticles or lower ionic strength in the buffered medium yields a greater extent of cyt.<i>c</i> reduction. Partial oxidation of the cyt.<i>c</i>-associated nanoparticulate Au is verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The Au nanoparticle at the heart of the superstructure functions as a direct electron donor to the heme with oxidized Au atoms being recycled back to Au(0) as long as residual tannic acid, derived from the Au sol mother liquor, is present in the aqueous microheterogeneous medium.
Collision and force control for robot manipulator without force sensor (2002)

This paper proposes a new collision and force control for robot manipulator. The proposed system has no force sensor, and it is constructed by using H/sup /spl infin// velocity controller and the reaction torque observer. The collision force is suppressed by H/sup /spl infin// velocity controller quickly. The reaction force from the target environment is estimated by the reaction torque observer rapidly. Experimental result shows that the proposed system suppresses the collision force quickly and regulates the target force stably and accurately without force sensor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Purification of the two-enzyme system catalyzing the oxidation of the D-proline residue of pristinamycin IIB during the last step of pristinamycin IIA biosynthesis (1995)

High levels of conversion of 14C-labelled pristinamycin IIB (PIIB) to pristinamycin IIA (PIIA) were obtained in vivo in Streptomyces pristinaespiralis and in some other streptogramin A producers. This established that PIIB was an intermediate on the pathway to PIIA. In addition, in vitro studies with cell-free protein preparations demonstrated that the oxidation of PIIB to PIIA is a complex process requiring NADH, riboflavin 5'-phosphate (FMN), and molecular oxygen. Two enzymes were shown to be necessary to catalyze this reaction. Both were purified to homogeneity from S. pristinaespiralis by a coupled enzyme assay based on the formation of PIIA and by requiring addition of the complementing enzyme. One enzyme was purified about 3,000-fold by a procedure including a decisive affinity chromatography step on FMN-agarose. It was shown to be a NADH:FMN oxidoreductase (E.C. 1.6.8.1.) (hereafter called FMN reductase), providing reduced FMN (FMNH2) to the more abundant second enzyme. The latter was purified only 160-fold and was called PIIA synthase. Our data strongly suggest that this enzyme catalyzes a transient hydroxylation of PIIB by molecular oxygen immediately followed by a dehydration leading to PIIA. The native PIIA synthase consists of two different subunits with Mrs of around 50,000 and 35,000, as estimated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, while the FMN reductase seems to be a monomer with a Mr of around 28,000 and containing one molecule of tightly bound FMN. Stepwise Edman degradation of the entire polypeptides or some of their trypsin-digested fragments provided amino acid sequences for the two isolated proteins.
Stimulation of Adenosine 3′:5′-Cyclic Monophosphate Accumulation in Anterior Pituitary Gland In Vitro by Synthetic Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (1972)

A near-maximal dose (20 ng/ml) of synthetic luteinizing hormone(LH)-releasing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)-releasing hormone added to incubated anterior pituitary tissue of male rats leads to concomitant increases of intracellular concentrations of adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate and of release of both LH and FSH. The stimulatory effect of LH-releasing hormone/FSH-releasing hormone is observed after a lag period of about 90 min and is progressive at later time intervals; a 3-fold stimulation of cAMP accumulation over control is seen after 210 min of incubation. Half-maximal stimulation of cAMP accumulation is observed between 0.1 and 1.0 ng/ml (0.1-1 nM) of LH-releasing hormone/FSH-releasing hormone. In the presence of 10 mM theophylline, the stimulatory effect of LH-releasing hormone/FSH-releasing hormone on cAMP accumulation is similar to that observed in the absence of the inhibitor of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, indicating that the releasing hormone exerts its effect by specific activation of adenylate cyclase in LH- and FSH-secreting cells rather than by inhibition of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. Since the release of growth hormone, thyrotropin, prolactin, and adrenocorticotropic hormone is not affected by LH-releasing hormone/FSH-releasing hormone, and since cAMP stimulates the release of all six adenohypophyseal hormones. the observed changes of cAMP concentrations indicate specific stimulation of adenylate cyclase activity in LH-and FSH-secreting cells of the adenohypophysis.
Process integration issues in chemical-vapor-deposited copper-based metallization (1993)

We have studied the microstructure, surface roughness, conformality and adhesion properties of chemical vapor deposited copper films using (hfac)Cu(VTMS) in an effort to identify and address some of these issues. The microstructure and surface roughness of the deposited films were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The film microstructure changed from columnar oriented faceted grains to finer and more equiaxed grains while the film roughness increased as precursor partial pressure was increased in the reactor chamber. Conformal films were deposited into trenches with sub-half micron openings and aspect ratios greater than 1. The adhesion of CVD copper films on titanium nitride (TiN) and tungsten (W) was also evaluated. The results from this study demonstrate the applicability of CVD copper for ULSI.
Sentinel surveillance for influenza A viruses in Lahore District Pakistan in flu season 2015–2016 (2022)

Distinct trends of ILI, SARI and IAV positive cases were observed which can be used to inform public health interventions (vaccinations, hand and respiratory hygiene) at appropriate times among high-risk groups. We suggest sampling from both ILI and SARI patients in routine surveillance as recommended by WHO.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of α-Tocopherol Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents (2023)

α-Tocopheryl succinate (α-TS) and α-tocopheryloxyacetic acid (α-TEA) are potent inducers of apoptosis in cancer cells and efficient suppressors of tumors in experimental model cancer cell lines. They exhibit selective cytotoxicity against tumor cells and very limited or no toxicity toward nonmalignant cells. In the present work, a series of new α-tocopherol derivatives were synthesized as analogs of α-TS and α-TEA. The cytotoxic activity of obtained compounds was tested using three human cancer cell lines, including chronic lymphoblastic leukemia (CEM), breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), and normal human fibroblasts (BJ). The introduction of an alkyl substituent into the ether-linked acetic acid moiety in α-TEA increased anticancer activity. α-Tocopheryloxy-2-methylpropanoic acid with two additional geminal methyl groups was more active against CEM cells compared to α-TEA and non-toxic to normal cells. In order to acquire a deeper understanding of the biological activity of synthesized compounds, a molecular docking study was also conducted. Our research confirmed that vitamin E derivatives are interesting and valuable compounds in terms of their potential therapeutic use as anticancer agents.
Pathology in a tube: Step 1. Fixing, staining, and transporting pancreatic core biopsies in a microfluidic device for 3D imaging (2014)

A minimally-invasive diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is accomplished by obtaining a fine needle aspirate and observing the cell preparations under conventional optical microscopy. As an unavoidable artifact, native tissue architecture is lost, making definite diagnosis of malignancy, or invasive neoplasm, impossible. One solution is the preparation of core biopsies (CBs) within a microfluidic device that are subsequently imaged in 3D. In this paper, porcine pancreas CBs (L = 1-2 cm, D = 0.4-2.0 mm) were formalin-fixed, stained and optically cleared (FocusClear&reg;). In brightfield at 40x, light transmission through the ordinarily opaque CBs was increased 5-15x, and internal islet structures were easily identified 250-300 μm beneath the tissue surface. Typically, specimen preparation is time intensive and requires precise handling since CBs are delicate; thus, fixative, absorptive stain and FocusClear&reg; diffusion were done slowly and manually. To significantly speed up tissue processing, we developed a microfluidic device consisting of both a main channel (L = 12.5 cm, D = 1.415 mm) with a circular cross section used for fixing and transporting the CB and an intersecting U-channel employed for staining. Space between the CB and channel wall provided a key feature not traditionally employed in microfluidic devices, such that at low flow rates (5-10 mL/min) CBs were fixed and stained while the specimen remained stationary. By switching quickly to higher flow rates (15-20 mL/min), we could precisely overcome adhesion and transport the specimen within the channel towards the imaging platform for 3D pathology.
Two-Tone Measurement of the Nonlinear Behavior of a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) Ring Resonator (2012)

The nonlinearity of a SOI ring resonator was measured using a two-tone method. At frequencies near 10 MHz, 1.5 mW causes significant signal degradation. At frequencies near 1 GHz, little signal degradation is seen.