gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does the Width of the Bony Cochlear Nerve Canal Predict the Outcomes of Cochlear Implantation? (2018)

A narrow bony cochlear nerve canal (BCNC) is associated with sensorineural hearing loss necessitating cochlear implantation (CI). This study evaluated the implications of BCNC width for post-CI outcomes. A total of 56 children who had received CIs were included. The patients were divided into three groups according to the width of the BCNC (Group 1: diameter < 1.4 mm, <i>n</i> = 17; Group 2: diameter 1.4-2.0 mm, <i>n</i> = 14; Group 3: diameter > 2.0 mm, <i>n</i> = 25). The post-CI speech performances were compared among the three groups according to BCNC width. The correlation between BCNC width and post-CI speech performance was evaluated. Logistic regression analysis was also performed to investigate factors that can impact post-CI speech performance. Cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) occurred more frequently in Group 1. Groups 1 and 2 had significantly worse post-CI outcomes. Patients with intact cochlear nerves had significantly better post-CI outcomes than those with CND. When the cochlear nerve was intact, patients with a narrower BCNC showed less favorable results. Therefore, patients with either a narrow BCNC or CND seemed to have poorer outcomes. A narrow BCNC is associated with higher CND rates and poor outcomes. Measurement of BCNC diameter may help predict CI outcomes.
Structure and properties of PBO–PEO diblock copolymer modified epoxy (2005)

Abstract Amphiphilic poly( n ‐butylene oxide)‐ b ‐poly(ethylene oxide) (PBO–PEO) diblock copolymers of various compositions were synthesized and studied as modifiers for epoxy resins. In blends of PBO–PEO, epoxy resin, and curing agent, the copolymers formed well‐defined microstructures that persisted upon curing of the epoxy. The resulting morphologies were vesicles, worm‐like micelles, and spherical micelles (in order of increasing size of PEO block), as well as transitional morphologies. Addition of 5% by weight of these block copolymers improved the fracture toughness of the epoxy by as much as 19 times with relatively small reduction in the elastic modulus. The highest level of toughness was measured in a system containing branched worm‐like micelles. Close examination of the fracture surfaces of these compositions suggests that although all the dispersed morphologies played a similar role to inclusions in particle‐toughened thermosets, crack deflection toughening contributed to the significantly higher levels of toughness in the worm‐like micelle systems. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Chem 43: 1950–1965, 2005
Supplementary Figure 1 from Dysregulation of EGFR Pathway in EphA2 Cell Subpopulation Significantly Associates with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 - TaqMan assays ID (Applied Biosystems)&lt;/p&gt;
Gene Expression Profile of Patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome: New Insights into the Potential Role of Developmental Pathways (2014)

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome (MRKHS) is a rare disease characterized by congenital aplasia of uterus and vagina. Although many studies have investigated several candidate genes, up to now none of them seem to be responsible for the aetiology of the syndrome. In our study, we identified differences in gene expression profile of in vitro cultured vaginal tissue of MRHKS patients using whole-genome microarray analysis. A group of eight out of sixteen MRKHS patients that underwent reconstruction of neovagina with an autologous in vitro cultured vaginal tissue were subjected to microarray analysis and compared with five healthy controls. Results obtained by array were confirmed by qRT-PCR and further extended to other eight MRKHS patients. Gene profiling of MRKHS patients delineated 275 differentially expressed genes, of which 133 downregulated and 142 upregulated. We selected six deregulated genes (MUC1, HOXC8, HOXB2, HOXB5, JAG1 and DLL1) on the basis of their fold change, their differential expression in most patients and their relevant role in embryological development. All patients showed upregulation of MUC1, while HOXB2 and HOXB5 were downregulated, as well as Notch ligands JAG1 and DLL1 in the majority of them. Interestingly, HOXC8 was significantly upregulated in 47% of patients, with a differential expression only in MRKHS type I patients. Taken together, our results highlighted the dysregulation of developmental genes, thus suggesting a potential alteration of networks involved in the formation of the female reproductive tract and providing a useful clue for understanding the pathophysiology of MRKHS.
Zero-shot Generation of Training Data with Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model for Handwritten Chinese Character Recognition (2023)

There are more than 80,000 character categories in Chinese while most of them are rarely used. To build a high performance handwritten Chinese character recognition (HCCR) system supporting the full character set with a traditional approach, many training samples need be collected for each character category, which is both time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to transforming Chinese character glyph images generated from font libraries to handwritten ones with a denoising diffusion probabilistic model (DDPM). Training from handwritten samples of a small character set, the DDPM is capable of mapping printed strokes to handwritten ones, which makes it possible to generate photo-realistic and diverse style handwritten samples of unseen character categories. Combining DDPM-synthesized samples of unseen categories with real samples of other categories, we can build an HCCR system to support the full character set. Experimental results on CASIA-HWDB dataset with 3,755 character categories show that the HCCR systems trained with synthetic samples perform similarly with the one trained with real samples in terms of recognition accuracy. The proposed method has the potential to address HCCR with a larger vocabulary.
On small-depth tree augmentations (2022)

We study the Weighted Tree Augmentation Problem for general link costs. We show that the integrality gap of the odd-LP relaxation for the (weighted) Tree Augmentation Problem for a k-level tree instance is at most 2−12k−1. For 2- and 3-level trees, these ratios are 32 and 74 respectively. Our proofs are constructive and yield polynomial-time approximation algorithms with matching guarantees.
Heat Transfer in Two-Pass Rotating Rectangular Channels (AR=2) With Five Different Orientations of 45 Deg V-Shaped Rib Turbulators (2003)

An experimental study was made to obtain heat transfer data for a two-pass rectangular channel (aspect ratio=2:1) with smooth and ribbed surfaces for two channel orientations (90 deg and 135 deg with respect to the plane of rotation). The V-shaped ribs are placed on the leading and trailing surfaces. Five different arrangements of 45 deg V-shaped ribs are studied. The Reynolds number and rotation number ranges are 5000–40000, and 0.0–0.21, respectively. The rib height to hydraulic diameter ratio (e/D) is 0.094; the rib pitch-to-height ratio (P/e) is 10; and the inlet coolant-to-wall density ratio (Δρ/ρ) is maintained around 0.115 for every test. The results show that the rotation-induced secondary flow enhances the heat transfer of the first pass trailing surface and second pass leading surface. However, the first pass leading and the second pass trailing surfaces show a decrease in heat transfer with rotation. The results also show that parallel 45 deg V-shaped rib arrangements produce better heat transfer augmentation than inverted 45 deg V-shaped ribs and crossed 45 deg V-shaped ribs, and a 90 deg channel orientation produces greater rotating effect on heat transfer than a 135 deg orientation.
Enhancement of IgE- and mast cell-dependent cutaneous inflammation by mast cell expression of C3aR and C5aR (177.5) (2012)

Abstract Mast cells express receptors for complement anaphylatoxins C3a and C5a (i.e., C3aR and C5aR) and can be activated by C3a or C5a in vitro, and C3a and C5a are generated during IgE-dependent immediate hypersensitivity reactions in vivo. However, it is not clear to what extent expression of C3aR or C5aR by mast cells influences either C3a- or C5a-induced cutaneous responses, or IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA), in vivo. In this study we assessed whether the expression of C3aR or C5aR by mouse skin mast cells influences: 1) the cells’ responsiveness to i.d. injections of exogenous C3a or C5a, or 2) the extent of IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation and IgE-dependent PCA, in vivo. We measured the magnitude of cutaneous responses to i.d. injections of C3a or C5a, and the extent of IgE-dependent mast cell degranulation and IgE-dependent PCA responses, in mice containing mast cells that did or did not express C3aR or C5aR. We found that the majority of the skin swelling induced by C3a or C5a required that mast cells expressed C3aR or C5aR, respectively, and the extent of IgE-dependent degranulation of skin mast cells and of IgE-dependent PCA were significantly reduced when mast cells lacked either C3aR or C5aR. We conclude that the expression of C3aR and C5aR by skin mast cells contributes to the ability of C3a and C5a to induce skin swelling and can enhance the extent of mast cell degranulation and inflammation during IgE-dependent PCA in vivo.
Dynamics of epileptiform activity in mouse hippocampal slices (2011)

Increase of the extracellular K( + ) concentration mediates seizure-like synchronized activities in vitro and was proposed to be one of the main factors underlying epileptogenesis in some types of seizures in vivo. While underlying biophysical mechanisms clearly involve cell depolarization and overall increase in excitability, it remains unknown what qualitative changes of the spatio-temporal network dynamics occur after extracellular K( + ) increase. In this study, we used multi-electrode recordings from mouse hippocampal slices to explore changes of the network activity during progressive increase of the extracellular K( + ) concentration. Our analysis revealed complex spatio-temporal evolution of epileptiform activity and demonstrated a sequence of state transitions from relatively simple network bursts into complex bursting, with multiple synchronized events within each burst. We describe these transitions as qualitative changes of the state attractors, constructed from experimental data, mediated by elevation of extracellular K( + ) concentration.
Abnormal Expression of the B-Cell Homing Chemokine Receptor BLR1 During the Progression of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (1997)

The putative chemokine receptor BLR1 has been identified as the first G-protein-coupled receptor involved in B-cell migration and in microenvironmental homing to B-cell follicles and to germinal centers. In healthy individuals, expression of BLR1 is restricted to all mature recirculating B cells and to a subpopulation of T-helper memory cells. In the present study, we analyzed the distribution of BLR1 on defined lymphocyte subsets during the progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It is shown that the proportion of T-helper memory cells coexpressing BLR1 continuously decreases during the infection, whereas a high proportion of gamma/delta T cells expressing BLR1 can be found in peripheral blood. The latter subpopulation is restricted to lymphoid tissues in healthy individuals. Most interestingly, in 75% of all human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)+ individuals, peripheral blood B cells were identified as not expressing BLR1 and phenotypically resembling germinal center cells of lymphoid tissue. Using BLR1 as a marker molecule, this study identifies peripheral blood lymphocytes in HIV+ individuals that are usually restricted to lymphoid tissue in healthy individuals. Because HIV infection is active in lymphoid tissue even at the clinically latent stage, aberrant expression of the B-cell homing chemokine receptor BLR1 might be an early indicator for the onset of destruction of lymphoid tissue.
Biological Properties of Dodeca(Thymidine Phosphates) Containing 5-(O-Carboran-1-Yl)-2″-Deoxyuridine (1996)

Abstract 5-(o-Carboran-1-yl)-2′-deoxyuridine containing dodecathymidylic acids (2-7) manifested increased lipophilicity, resistance to digestion by calf spleen phosphodiesterase, and snake venom phosphodiesterase. They were substrates for T4 polynucleotide kinase, primers for E. coli polymerase I, human α DNA polymerase, and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. They also form heteroduplexes that are substrates for E. coli RNase H.
Smoking-related idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (2014)

Cigarette smoking is a key factor in the development of numerous pulmonary diseases. An international group of clinicians, radiologists and pathologists evaluated patients with previously identified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) to determine unique features of cigarette smoking. Phase 1 (derivation group) identified smoking-related features in patients with a history of smoking (n=41). Phase 2 (validation group) determined if these features correctly predicted the smoking status of IIP patients (n=100) to participants blinded to smoking history. Finally, the investigators sought to determine if a new smoking-related interstitial lung disease phenotype could be defined. Phase 1 suggested that preserved forced vital capacity with disproportionately reduced diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, and various radiographic and histopathological findings were smoking-related features. In phase 2, the kappa coefficient among clinicians was 0.16 (95% CI 0.11-0.21), among the pathologists 0.36 (95% CI 0.32-0.40) and among the radiologists 0.43 (95% CI 0.35-0.52) for smoking-related features. Eight of the 100 cases were felt to represent a potential smoking-related interstitial lung disease. Smoking-related features of interstitial lung disease were identified in a minority of smokers and were not specific for smoking. This study is limited by its retrospective design, the potential for recall bias in smoking history and lack of information on second-hand smoke exposure. Further research is needed to understand the relationship between smoking and interstitial lung disease.
Design of A Novel Highly EMI-Immune CMOS Miller OpAmp Considering Channel Length Modulation (2017)

This paper presents a novel CMOS Miller operational amplifier (OpAmp) that has high immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI). The proposed CMOS Miller OpAmp uses the replica concept with the source-buffered technique in order to achieve high EMI immunity across a wide range of frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz). The proposed amplifier is designed using the first-order quadratic mathematical model. The modeling includes the body effect and channel length modulation. The circuit has been fabricated using 0.18 μm mixed-mode CMOS technology. Measurement results illustrate how the proposed Miller OpAmp reduces susceptibility to EMI even in the presence of high-amplitude interferences that are as high as 1 Vpp. Experimental results show that the maximum EMI-induced output offset voltage for the proposed Miller OpAmp is less than 10 mV over a wide range of frequencies (10 MHz to 1 GHz) when a 900 mVpp EMI signal is injected into the noninverting input. In contrast, the classic Miller OpAmp generates a maximum output offset voltage of 215 mV at 1 GHz under the same operating conditions. The measured results of the EMI-induced input offset corroborates the circuit simulations.
Authors’ Reply (1983)

Authors’ Reply Get access Terry Kurzynski, M.S., Terry Kurzynski, M.S. State Laboratory of Hygiene University of Wisconsin Center for Health Sciences Madison, Wisconson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar George S. Cembrowski, M.D., George S. Cembrowski, M.D. State Laboratory of Hygiene University of Wisconsin Center for Health Sciences Madison, Wisconson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Judith L. Kimball, B.S. Judith L. Kimball, B.S. State Laboratory of Hygiene University of Wisconsin Center for Health Sciences Madison, Wisconson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 80, Issue 2, 1 August 1983, Pages 275–276, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/80.2.275 Published: 01 August 1983
Microscopy as a tool for renal research. (2002)

Microscopy has always played an important role in renal research as a tool to visualize events occurring at the surface of the kidney and as a method to investigate intracellular ion activity and membrane transport. Thanks to the recent advances in fluorochromes as ionic detector agents and as a means to label antibodies, microscopy will maintain its role at the forefront of renal research in the future. This article presents an overview of fluorescence microscopy and then focuses on some of the present applications of microscopy to exam renal epithelial tissues. Other areas covered are the pros and cons of various techniques and their applications to renal research.
Two-birds-one-stone: multifunctional supercapacitors beyond traditional energy storage (2021)

A comprehensive overview on the recent progress of multifunctional supercapacitors which combine energy storage capability with other functions.
The c-rel protooncogene product represses NF-kappa B p65-mediated transcriptional activation of the long terminal repeat of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus. (1993)

The long terminal repeat (LTR) of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) and the 5' regulatory region of the gene encoding the interleukin 2 receptor alpha subunit (IL-2R alpha) share functional kappa B enhancer elements involved in the regulation of these inducible transcription units during T-cell activation. These kappa B enhancer elements are recognized by a structurally related family of interactive proteins that includes p50, p65, and the product of the c-rel protooncogene (c-Rel). Recent biochemical studies have shown that p65 and p50 form the prototypical NF-kappa B complex, which is rapidly translocated from the cytoplasm to the nucleus during T-cell activation. This intracellular signaling complex potently stimulates kappa B-directed transcription from either the HIV-1 LTR or the IL-2R alpha promoter via the strong transactivation domain present in p65. We now demonstrate that nuclear expression of human c-Rel, which is induced by either phorbol ester or tumor necrosis factor alpha with delayed kinetics relative to p65, markedly represses p65-mediated activation of these transcription units. These inhibitory effects of c-Rel correlate with its DNA-binding activity but not with its ability to heterodimerize with p50, suggesting that c-Rel inhibition involves competition with p50/p65 for occupancy of the kappa B enhancer element. Together, these findings suggest that one function of c-Rel is as a physiologic repressor of the HIV-1 LTR and IL-2R alpha promoters, serving to efficiently counter the strong transcriptional activating effects of p65.
Acoustic propagation considerations for underwater acoustic communications network development (2007)

The underwater environment is widely regarded as one of the most difficult communication channels. Underwater acoustic communications systems are challenged by the characteristics of acoustic propagation through the underwater environment. There are a wide range of physical processes that impact underwater acoustic communications and the relative importance of these processes are different in different environments. In this paper some relevant propagation phenomena are described in the context of how they impact the development and/or performance of underwater acoustic communications networks. The speed of sound and channel latency, absorption and spreading losses, waveguide effects and multipath, surface scattering, bubbles, and ambient noise are all briefly discussed.
Data from Combined Functional Genome Survey of Therapeutic Targets for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The outcome of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has remained unsatisfactory. Patients with HCC suffer from chronic hepatitis or liver cirrhosis, and their reserve liver function is often limited.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; To develop new therapeutic agents that act specifically on HCC but interfere only minimally with residual liver function, we searched for genes that were upregulated in 20 cases of HCC [namely, discovery sets 1 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10) and 2 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 10)] in comparison with corresponding nontumorous liver and a panel representing normal organs using high-density microarrays capable of detecting all exons in the human genome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Eleven transcripts whose expression was significantly increased in HCC were subjected to siRNA-based secondary screening of genes required for HCC cell proliferation as well as quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis [validation sets 1 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 20) and 2 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 44)] and immunohistochemistry (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 19). We finally extracted four genes, &lt;i&gt;AKR1B10, HCAP-G, RRM2&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;TPX2&lt;/i&gt;, as candidate therapeutic targets for HCC. siRNA-mediated knockdown of these candidate genes inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells and the growth of HCC xenografts transplanted into immunodeficient mice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The four genes we identified were highly expressed in HCC, and HCC cells are highly dependent on these genes for proliferation. Although many important genes must have been overlooked, the selected genes were biologically relevant. The combination of genome-wide expression and functional screening described here is a rapid and comprehensive approach that could be applied in the identification of therapeutic targets in any type of human malignancy. Clin Cancer Res; 16(9); 2518–28. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Eutectic Gallium–Indium (EGaIn): A Moldable Liquid Metal for Electrical Characterization of Self‐Assembled Monolayers (2007)

Mikroelektroden aus der Titelverbindung erweisen sich als ideal für die Messung der elektrischen Eigenschaften selbstorganisierter Monoschichten. Im Bild ist gezeigt, wie sich das EGaIn zwischen einer Metallnadel und einer Ag-Oberfläche (nicht erkennbar) teilt. Aus dem Teil oberhalb der weißen Pfeile wird später die EGaIn-Elektrode. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z703642_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.