gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of System Identification Techniques for Integrated Navigation (2021)

Land vehicle positioning relies mostly on Satellite navigation systems such as the Global Positioning System (GPS). However, GPS signals may be degraded or suffer from a blockage in urban canyons and tunnels, and the positioning information provided is interrupted. To obtain a continuous and reliable positioning solution, GPS is usually augmented with inertial sensors using Kalman Filter (KF). However, low-cost MEMS sensors suffer from complex error characteristics, which are difficult to model by the linearized KF models. System Identification Techniques can be employed to enhance the navigational solution. This paper reviews two algorithms to model and correct the residual and non-linear errors in challenging GPS environments using Parallel Cascade Identification (PCI), a non-linear system identification technique that is cascaded with the Kalman Filter (KF). PCI is first employed to model azimuth errors for a loosely coupled integration. The experimental results demonstrated that the KF performance was significantly improved by augmenting it with PCI to model the linear, non-linear, and other residual azimuth errors. Then PCI technique was employed for modeling residual pseudorange correlated errors to be used by a KF-based tightly coupled RISS/GPS navigational solution. PCI is successfully implemented to provide the non-linear model of pseudorange errors and augmented with tightly coupled KF to provide reliable and accurate positioning solution.
(Invited) Characteristics of Several High-k Gate Insulators for GaN Power Device (2019)

We systematically investigated characteristics of Pt-gated capacitors with four kinds of gate insulators such as Hf0.57Si0.43Ox, Hf0.64Si0.36Ox, HfO2, and Al2O3. The Hf0.64Si0.36Ox films fabricated by post-deposition annealing (PDA) at 800°C in O2 (PDO), N2(PDN), and 3% H2 (PDH) ambient exhibited quite different characteristics. After PDO, the Hf0.64Si0.36Ox film was partially crystallized and had a thick interfacial layer at the n-GaN/Hf0.64Si0.36Ox interface, while the Hf0.64Si0.36Ox films after PDN and PDH maintained an amorphous structure. The PDH capacitor exhibited an order of magnitude larger interface state density than the PDN capacitor, indicating that the PDN process can produce superior Hf0.64Si0.36Ox film. The Hf0.57Si0.43Ox,Hf0.64Si0.36Ox, HfO2, and Al2O3 films after PDA at 800°C in N2 were 15.4, 15.9, 17.6, and 9, respectively. The HfO2 and Al2O3 films consist of polycrystalline structure while the Hf0.57Si0.43Ox and Hf0.64Si0.36Ox films maintain an amorphous structure. The different structure strongly affected to electrical properties. The Hf0.57Si0.43Ox and Hf0.64Si0.36Ox capacitors showed superior electrical properties such as a minimal flatband voltage (Vfb) hysteresis ( ≤ +70 mV) and a small Vfb shift ( ≤ -0.46 V), as well asa low interface state density (~ 3 × 1011 cm-2eV-1 at -0.45 eV fromconduction band), and a high breakdown electric field ( ≥ 8.6 MV/cm) compared to those of the HfO2 and Al2O3 capacitors.
Development of Co-alloys for perpendicular magnetic recording media (2003)

Exploring new Co-alloy compositions to achieve both chemical segregation and suitable magnetic properties is a priority task for the development of future perpendicular magnetic recording media. With proper interlayer (IL) design, columnar Co-alloy grains with narrow orientation distribution (/spl Delta//spl theta//sub 50/< 6/spl deg/) have been obtained on thin ILs (4 nm thick). We demonstrate CoCrPtB-alloys with full remanence squareness and large negative reverse field (H/sub r/<-1.5 kOe) at low IL and magnetic layer thickness of 4 and 11 nm, respectively. It is also shown that carbon overcoat thickness reduction results in a signal-to-noise ratio gain of about 0.5 dB/nm.
Daily Routine Recognition for Hearing Aid Personalization (2021)

Abstract This work focuses on daily routine recognition to personalize the hearing aid (HA) configuration for each user. So far, there is only one public data set containing the data of two acceleration sensors taken under unconstrained real-life conditions of one person. Therefore, we create a realistic and extensive data set with seven subjects and a total length of 63449 min. For the recordings, the HA streams the acceleration and audio data to a mobile phone, where the user simultaneously annotates it. This builds the grounds for our comprehensive simulations, where we train a set of classifiers in an offline and online manner to analyze the model generalization abilities across subjects for high-level activities. To achieve this, we build a feature representation, which describes the recurring daily situations and environments well. For the offline classification, the deep neural network, multi-layer perceptron (MLP), and random forest (RF) trained in a person-dependent manner show the significantly best F-measure performance of 86.6%, 87.1%, and 87.3%, respectively. We confirm that for high-level activities the person-dependent model outperforms the independent one. In our online experiments, we personalize a model that was pretrained in a person-independent manner by daily updates. Thereby, multiple incremental learners and an online RF are tested. We demonstrate that MLP and RF improve the F-measure compared to the offline baselines.
Effects of Crystallization Annealing Sequence for SrBi2Ta2O9 (SBT) Film on Pt/SBT Interface Morphology and Electrical Properties of Ferroelectric Capacitor (2000)

SrBi 2 Ta 2 O 9 (SBT) film was crystallized to form fine grains and a smooth surface by rapid thermal annealing (RTA), but form large grains and a rough surface by main furnace annealing. The sequence of furnace annealing was changed to improve the morphology of the Pt/SBT interface and the leakage property of a Pt/SBT/Pt capacitor. For the conventional sequence of furnace annealing before top electrode deposition, the capacitor showed a good switching polarization (P * -P ∧ ) of 17 µC/cm 2 but a high short fail rate of 56% due to the rough Pt/SBT interface. However, using the new sequence of furnace annealing after top electrode deposition on RTA-treated SBT film, a very smooth Pt/SBT interface and a resultant low short fail rate of 7% was obtained, but the value of P * -P ∧ was decreased to 14 µC/cm 2 due to a restrained grain growth of the SBT film under Pt top electrode.
High-k Materials for Tunnel Barrier Engineering in Floating-Gate Flash Memories (2006)

Replacing the tunnel oxide or interpoly dielectric of a floating gate Flash memory cell by an engineered tunneling barrier allows lowering the voltage necessary to program or erase the memory cell. We use dual layer dielectric stacks with different dielectric constant, allowing a high tunneling current at relatively low applied voltage while providing good data retention. Stacks consisting of SiO2 with HfO2 or Al2O3 have been studied in single poly memory cells, demonstrating both low voltage programming by tunneling and 10 years of data retention. These stacks have also been integrated as interpoly dielectric (IPD) in a 0.18μm HIMOSTM process for low voltage erasing by tunneling through the IPD.
Experience-Specific Functional Modification of the Dentate Gyrus through Adult Neurogenesis: A Critical Period during an Immature Stage (2007)

Neural circuits in the dentate gyrus are continuously modified by adult neurogenesis, whose level is affected by the animal's experience. However, it is not known whether this experience-dependent anatomical modification alters the functional properties of the dentate gyrus. Here, using the expression of immediate early gene products, c-fos and Zif268, as indicators of recently activated neurons, we show that previous exposure to an enriched environment increases the total number of new neurons and the number of new neurons responding to reexposure to the same environment. The increase in the density of activated new neurons occurred specifically in response to exposure to the same environment but not to a different experience. Furthermore, we found that these experience-specific modifications are affected exclusively by previous exposure around the second week after neuronal birth but not later than 3 weeks. Thus, the animal's experience within a critical period during an immature stage of new neurons determines the survival and population response of the new neurons and may affect later neural representation of the experience in the dentate gyrus. This experience-specific functional modification through adult neurogenesis could be a mechanism by which new neurons exert a long-term influence on the function of the dentate gyrus related to learning and memory.
COVID-19 Affects Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Neurofilament Light Chain in Aged Men: Implications for Morbidity and Mortality (2023)

Serum BDNF and NFL and/or their ratios with MMP-2 and MMP-9 could represent early predictors of NeuroCOVID in aged men.
Hypoxia in human soft tissue sarcomas: Adverse impact on survival and no association with p53 mutations (2001)

Clinical and experimental studies have suggested that tumour hypoxia is associated with poor treatment outcome and that loss of apoptotic potential may play a role in malignant progression of neoplastic cells. The tumour suppressor gene p53 induces apoptosis under certain conditions and microenvironmental tumour hypoxia may select for mutant tumour cells with diminished apoptotic potential due to lack of p53 function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic relevance of oxygenation status for treatment outcome and to compare pre-treatment tumour oxygenation measurements were done in 31 of those by PCR using DNA extracted from paraffin-embaedded sections (n = 2) or frozen biopsies (n = 29). The overall median of the tumour median pO(2)was 19 mmHg (range 1-58 mmHg). Only 6 tumours had functional p53 mutations and no association was found between mutant p53 and tumour hypoxia. Five out of 6 STS with lower histopathological grade were well-oxygenated whereas high-grade STS were both hypoxic and well-oxygenated. At a median follow-up of 74 months, 16 patients were still alive among 28 available for survival analysis. When stratifying into hypoxic and well-oxygenated tumours patients with the most hypoxic tumours has a statistically poorer disease-specific and overall survival at 5 years. In conclusion hypoxia was an indicator for both a poorer disease specific and overall survival in human STS but hypoxic tumours were not characterized by mutations in the p53 gene.
Coordination and Related Chemistry of Polycyclic Tetraphosphorus Compounds (1983)

Polycyclic tetraphosphorus compounds, including the P4 molecule, its oxides, sulfides, imides and mixed derivatives, and related compounds, offer a wide choice of potential donor sites. Their coordination chemistry is described and discussed. The transmission of structural and electronic effects through the molecular frame -i.e. the interdependence of the phosphorus donor sites - is evident in their chemical behavior, kinetic and thermodynamic differences, spectral and structural data. The interpretation of NMR and X-ray data in terms of changes in electronic distribution and of π character in bonding, is critically scrutinized. It is concluded that apportioning the observed effects among σ and π electronic contributions and steric contributions can usually not be achieved in a reliable way. Structural "softness" and disorder in the solid are recognized as prominent features characteristic of tetraphosphorus closo-compounds. The field contains many riddles, and promises new developments, especially in the realm of mixed picnogen/transition metal complexes and clusters.
Alterations in Major Histocompatibility Complex Phenotypes of Mouse Cloned T10 Sarcoma Cells: Association With Shifts From Nonmetastatic to Metastatic Cells<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref> (1983)

The T10 sarcoma, induced in a (C57BL/6J X C3HeB/-FeJ)F1 (H-2b X H-2k) mouse, grows locally (L-T10) and generates spontaneous lung metastases (M-T10). L-T10 cells were found to express the H-2b haplotype, whereas M-T10 expressed both the H-2b and H-2k haplotypes. Most L-T10 cloned cells expressed the H-2b haplotype and were not metastatic. The minority expressed both H-2k and H-2b and were metastatic. Serial transplantations of H-2k-negative clones always ended in spontaneous expression of the H-2k haplotype concomitantly with the acquisition of metastatic potency. The expressed H-2k seemed to be associated with the metastatic properties inasmuch as an H-2b-positive--H-2k-negative clone, which had lost the expressed H-2b and was temporarily H-2 negative, remained nonmetastatic until reexpression of the two haplotypes occurred. Serial transfers of H-2k-positive clones resulted in the maintenance of the expressed H-2k haplotype and the retention of metastatic capacity. A shift toward increased metastatic capacity correlated with H-2k expression occurred during serial transfers of every clone tested. Expression of major histocompatibility complex components, rather than their loss, may potentiate the metastatic capacity of tumor cells.
Compensating for Motion during Direct-Global Separation (2013)

Separating the direct and global components of radiance can aid shape recovery algorithms and can provide useful information about materials in a scene. Practical methods for finding the direct and global components use multiple images captured under varying illumination patterns and require the scene, light source and camera to remain stationary during the image acquisition process. In this paper, we develop a motion compensation method that relaxes this condition and allows direct-global separation to be performed on video sequences of dynamic scenes captured by moving projector-camera systems. Key to our method is being able to register frames in a video sequence to each other in the presence of time varying, high frequency active illumination patterns. We compare our motion compensated method to alternatives such as single shot separation and frame interleaving as well as ground truth. We present results on challenging video sequences that include various types of motions and deformations in scenes that contain complex materials like fabric, skin, leaves and wax.
The First Intron in the Human c- abl Gene Is at Least 200 Kilobases Long and Is a Target for Translocations in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1987)

The c-abl protooncogene is unusual in two respects; it has multiple, widely space N-terminal coding exons transcribed by different promoters, and it is the target of the translocations that form the Philadelphia chromosome found in cells of chronic myelogenous leukemia patients. To understand the organization of the gene in normal and chronic myelogenous leukemia patient DNA we have mapped c-abl by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis. We find that one of the alternative 5' exons of the gene lies at least 200 kilobases upstream of the remaining c-abl exons, posing formidable transcription and splicing problems. The 5'-most c-abl exon includes an unusually long 1,276-base-pair segment that contains 15 ATG codons and multiple short open reading frames, upstream of the abl initiator codon. Its peculiar structure suggests that c-abl may be decapitated in most chronic myelogenous leukemia patients, and we demonstrate that this is the case in the chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line K562.
Hydrogenation of CO over RhVO4/SiO2 Catalyst. Detection and Elimination of Deposited Carbon and Regeneration of RhVO4. (2002)

SiO2担持RhVO4触媒 (RhVO4/SiO2) を用いたCO水素化反応を行った。比表面積の比較的小さいSiO2担体を用いることで, RhVO4はV/Rh比=1, 973K焼成により生成した。これを573Kで水素還元することで, Rh微粒子とバナジウム酸化物に分解し, このとき強い金属-酸化物 (Rh-バナジウム酸化物) 相互作用 (Strong metal-oxide interaction: SMOI) が生じた。CO水素化反応を行った結果, RhVO4/SiO2触媒はRh/SiO2触媒に比べ, 高い活性 (TOF) とC2含酸素化合物選択性を示した。CO転化率100%の状態で10時間保持した結果, 活性は低下した。活性低下した触媒を昇温酸化 (Temperature-programmed oxidation: TPO) したところ, CO2の生成が見られたことから, 活性の低下は析出した炭素種による触媒表面の被覆によるものと考えられた。反応後の873Kでの再焼成により炭素種が燃焼し, またRhVO4が再生したことから, 触媒活性ならびにC2含酸素化合物選択性が復活した。
Robust control of wing rock motion (2011)

In this paper, linear and nonlinear robust control strategies are proposed to suppress wing rock motion. The approaches are based on the uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE), which calculates and robustly cancels system uncertainties and input disturbances with appropriate filtering. In the case of a nonlinear controller, the information regarding the known part of the nonlinear plant dynamics is used by the controller, while in the case of a linear controller the terms containing the nonlinear functions are treated as additional uncertainties to the system. The algorithms provide excellent performance in suppressing the oscillations and disturbance rejection. Simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the strategies via an application to an experimentally derived delta wing rock model.
A Modular Approach to Introduce Function into Single‐Chain Polymeric Nanoparticles (2014)

Here, a modular approach is reported to introduce a specific function into single-chain polymeric nanoparticles (SCPNs). Hereto, an amphiphilic polymer with pendant benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) units is mixed with a "free" BTA that contains a functional group, either a fluorescent naphthalimide or a catalytically active l-proline. Taking advantage of hydrophobic interactions and self-recognition properties of the BTA units, the "free" BTAs are captured into the interior of the SCPN in water as evidenced by fluorescence studies. To illustrate that function can be readily introduced using a modular approach, l-proline-based BTAs are incorporated to procure a catalytically active SCPN in water. The aldol reaction between p-nitrobenzaldehyde and cyclohexanone shows good conversions at low catalyst loadings and substrate concentrations, and high stereoselectivities are obtained (de = 91% and ee = 98%).
The Volcanic Zone of Tarawera, New Zealand (1941)

the map, roughly in the shape of a narrow wedge whose blunted apex includes Lake Taupo and the group of volcanic mountains: Ngauruhoe (7515 feet), still active; Tongariro (6400 feet), with its Ketetahi spring; and Ruapehu (9175 feet), the latter the highest mountain in the North Island, with a hot lake in its snow-bound crater. From here the sides of the wedge run approximately north-east for 100 miles to the Bay of Plenty, where they touch the coast at Tauranga Harbour and the mouth of the Whakatane River respectively. The whole of this area is an elevated pumice plateau, 1000-1500 feet above sealevel, dotted with numerous large lakes, extinct volcanic cones, and hot springs. Activity is further continued in the sea-bed of the Bay of Plenty between the above-mentioned points; in Whale Island, with its hot springs; Mayor Island, with hot springs and a shining, black, obsidian-lined, extinct crater 5 miles in circumference; and White Island, an active volcano in the solfatara stage with warm water-filled crater half a mile in diameter, where, with hot sulphuric acid springs, is found hydrochloric acid of remarkable strength. A little to the north of the centre of this belt of thermal activity, and along side the lake from which it takes its name, is the town of Rotorua (3000 inhabitants) surrounded by and built amongst?one might almost say built on top of?hundreds of geysers, boiling springs, hot mud volcanoes, fumaroles, steaming lakes, and silica terraces. The many therapeutic waters and wellappointed bath houses of Rotorua are known to visitors from many countries. South-east of Rotorua and at a distance of between 10 and 17 miles, in the heart of the thermal belt, lies a group of mountains, lakes, and valleys, which some fifty-four years ago were the scene of volcanic and thermal upheaval of a magnitude never even remotely approached in Australia or New Zealand during the last five or six hundred years. Appreciation of the present topography and general appearance of the district as portrayed by the accompanying photographs is hardly possible without previous description of the country prior to the convulsions which so drastically reshaped it. Running from north-east to south-west was a mountain group whose three summits known to the Maoris as Wahanga, Ruawahia, and Tarawera, formed a rough, rocky, and much-crevassed plateau 3 miles long by half a mile in width, covered with large angular fragments of trachyte, broken and split up as though by frost. Although undoubtedly of volcanic origin, it seems reasonable to conclude from the state of the rocks and from the dense native forests that clothed the lower slopes, that no eruption of any size had taken place for many hundreds of years. The statement of the Maoris that it had never been known to erupt since they came to New Zealand
How to include the dependency of the R/sub DS(on/) of power MOSFETs on the instantaneous value of the drain current into the calculation of the conduction losses of high-frequency three-phase PWM inverters (1998)

In this paper, the conduction losses of power MOSFETs are calculated analytically for application in three-phase voltage DC-link pulsewidth modulation (PWM) power converter systems. Contrary to a conventional calculation, the dependency of the turn-on behavior on the drain current is considered in terms of a quadratic approximation. The derived relationships are represented graphically; they can be included directly into the dimensioning of the power transistors.
LLAMAS: low-latency adaptive optics at LLNL (2018)

The performance of high-contrast AO instruments (GPI, SPHERE, ScEXAO, MagAO) and other systems that operate at visible wavelengths can be severely hampered by control system latencies and temporal wavefront errors. In high-contrast systems, temporal errors and delays are manifest as high spatial frequency wavefront residuals that scatter light into the controllable region of the PSF and diminish contrast, an effect that is particularly severe when atmospheric coherence times are short. Solutions that have been proposed include lower latency electronics, deformable mirrors with lower mechanical response times, and specialized control algorithms such as predictive control. These advancements will be necessary for achieving the latency goals of high actuator count systems on future Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs), including NFIRAOS+ and PFI on the Thirty Meter Telescope, upgrading the performance of existing highcontrast systems, and pushing adaptive optics to visible wavelengths. LLAMAS (Low-Latency Adaptive Optical Mirror System) is a fully funded adaptive optics system at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory site that will test these techniques in an integrated, real time, closed-loop AO system. With a total system latency goal of ~100 microseconds (including mechanical response time, not including frame integration), LLAMAS will achieve an order of magnitude improvement in AO system latencies over the current generation of high-contrast AO systems. The woofer/tweeter architecture will incorporate a 492-actuator Boston Micromachines MEMS device mapping 24 actuators across a circular pupil. The tweeter mirror will be paired with a specialized low-latency driver, delivering less than 40 microseconds electronic and mechanical latency (10 – 90%). The real-time control computer will utilize the computationally efficient Fourier Transform Reconstructor with a predictive Kalman filter with a goal of completing all computations and reconstructing the wavefront in less than 20 microseconds. LLAMAS will be fully integrated with a 21&times;21 lenslet Shack-Hartmann sensor by January 2019. These proceedings describe the LLAMAS design, characterize the performance of its low-latency componentry, and discuss the relevance of the design for future high-contrast, visiblelight, and high actuator count AO systems on ELTs.