gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Review of Fuel Pre-injection in Supersonic, Chemically Reacting Flows (2007)

Developing an efficient, supersonic combustion-based, air breathing propulsion cycle operating above Mach 3.5, especially when conventional hydrocarbon fuels are sought and particularly when liquid fuels are preferred to increase density, requires mostly effective mechanisms to improve mixing efficiency. One way to extend the time available for mixing is to inject part of the fuel upstream of the vehicle’s combustion chamber. Injection from the wall remains one of the most challenging problems in supersonic aerodynamics, including the requirement to minimize impulse losses, improve fuel-air mixing, reduce inlet∕combustor interactions, and promote flame stability. This article presents a review of studies involving liquid and, in selected cases, gaseous fuel injected in supersonic inlets or in combustor’s insulators. In all these studies, the fuel was injected from a wall in a wake of thin swept pylons at low dynamic pressure ratios (qjet∕qair=0.6–1.5), including individual pylon∕injector geometries and combinations in the inlet and combustor’s isolator, a variety of injection conditions, different injectants, and evaluated their effects on fuel plume spray, impulse losses, and mixing efficiency. This review article cites 47 references.
Protein Nanofibrils and Their Hydrogel Formation with Metal Ions (2021)

Protein nanofibrils (PNFs) have been prepared by whey protein fibrillation at low pH and in the presence of different metal ions. The effect of the metal ions was systematically studied both in terms of PNF suspension gelation behavior and fibrillation kinetics. A high valence state and a small ionic radius (<i>e.g</i>., Sn<sup>4+</sup>) of the metal ion resulted in the formation of hydrogels already at a metal ion concentration of 30 mM, whereas an intermediate valence state and larger ionic radius (Co<sup>2+</sup>, Ni<sup>2+</sup>, Al<sup>3+</sup>) resulted in the hydrogel formation occurring at 60 mM. A concentration of 120 mM of Na<sup>+</sup> was needed to form a PNF hydrogel, while lower concentrations showed liquid behaviors similar to the reference PNF solution where no metal ions had been introduced. The hydrogel mechanics were investigated at steady-state conditions after 24 h of incubation/gelation, revealing that more acidic (smaller and more charged) metal ions induced <i>ca</i>. 2 orders of magnitude higher storage modulus as compared to the less acidic metal ions (with smaller charge and larger radius) for the same concentration of metal ions. The viscoelastic nature of the hydrogels was attributed to the ability of the metal ions to coordinate water molecules in the vicinity of the PNFs. The presence of metal ions in the solutions during the growth of the PNFs typically resulted in curved fibrils, whereas an upper limit of the concentration existed when oxides/hydroxides were formed, and the hydrogels lost their gel properties due to phase separation. Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence was used to determine the rate of the fibrillation to form 50% of the total PNFs (<i>t</i><sub>1/2</sub>), which decreased from 2.3 to <i>ca</i>. 0.5 h depending on the specific metal ions added.
Trial Watch: Immunogenic cell death inducers for anticancer chemotherapy (2015)

The term "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) is now employed to indicate a functionally peculiar form of apoptosis that is sufficient for immunocompetent hosts to mount an adaptive immune response against dead cell-associated antigens. Several drugs have been ascribed with the ability to provoke ICD when employed as standalone therapeutic interventions. These include various chemotherapeutics routinely employed in the clinic (e.g., doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, bleomycin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin) as well as some anticancer agents that are still under preclinical or clinical development (e.g., some microtubular inhibitors of the epothilone family). In addition, a few drugs are able to convert otherwise non-immunogenic instances of cell death into <i>bona fide</i> ICD, and may therefore be employed as chemotherapeutic adjuvants within combinatorial regimens. This is the case of cardiac glycosides, like digoxin and digitoxin, and zoledronic acid. Here, we discuss recent developments on anticancer chemotherapy based on ICD inducers.
Heat treatment alleviation of chilling-induced suppression of aroma volatile levels (2018)

Chilling exposure of tomatoes to 5 °C for longer than six to eight days can cause surface pitting, irregular (blotchy) color development and other symptoms of chilling injury (CI). The objectives for this study were to investigate whether a four-day exposure of tomato fruit to 5 °C chilling temperature at the mature green stage of development would impact flavor quality after ripening, and if a pre-chilling heat treatment could alleviate the internal CI. Mature green ‘FL 47’ tomatoes were gassed with ethylene and then divided into the following four treatments: 1) heat treated in 52 °C hot water for five minutes, then exposed to 5 °C for four days before being transferred to 20 °C; 2) heat treated then placed directly at 20°C without chilling; 3) chilled at 5 °C for four days then transferred to 20 °C without prior heat treatment; and 4) untreated control, stored and ripened at 20 °C. All samples were held at 20°C until ripened. Fruit were analyzed at the red-ripe stage for volatile components and submitted to a sensory panel for aroma evaluation. Results showed that chilling treatment generally suppressed production of aldehyde, alcohol, ketone, ester, sulfur, and terpene volatile compounds, including the following abundant and/or important volatiles: hexanal, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, β-ionone, 2 methylbutanal, 2-phenylethanol, guaiacol and 2-isobutylthiazole. Heat treatment alone did not affect most volatile levels after ripening. Heat treatment prior to chilling alleviated the reduction of volatile compounds caused by chilling exposure, which agreed with the sensory panel results in that panelists found that “heating + chilling” treated fruit had greater “tomato odor” than fruit that were chilled only.
Large Scale Predictive Analytics for Hard Disk Remaining Useful Life Estimation (2018)

Hard disk failure prediction plays an important role in reducing data center downtime and improving service reliability. In contrast to existing work of modeling the prediction problem as classification tasks, we aim to directly predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of hard disk drives. We experiment with two different types of machine learning methods: random forest and long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks. The developed machine learning models are applied to predict RUL for a large number of hard disk drives. Preliminary experimental results indicate that random forest method using only the current snapshot of SMART attributes is comparable to or outperforms LSTM, which models historical temporal patterns of SMART sequences using a more sophisticated architecture.
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Naringinase (L‐Rhamnosidase) by Piperidine Analogues of L‐Rhamnose: Scaffolds for Libraries Incorporating Trihydroxypipecolic Acids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biomechanical Comparison of Costotransverse Process Screw Fixation and Pedicle Screw Fixation of the Upper Thoracic Spine (2010)

The costotransverse screw technique seems to provide only moderately stiff fixation of the destabilized thoracic spine. Pedicle screw fixation seems to have more favorable biomechanical properties. These data suggest that the costotransverse process construct is better used as a salvage procedure rather than as a primary fixation strategy.
Blending Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide with Lithium Iron Manganese Phosphate as Cathode Materials for Lithium-ion Batteries with Enhanced Electrochemical Performance (2023)

The effects of LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4/C (LMFP) species on the electrochemical performance of the blended cathodes of LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2 (NMC) and LMFP are examined. Two types of LMFPs are synthesized by the hydrothermal method (LMFP-1) and the solid-state reaction (LMFP-2) leading to different physical characteristics and uniformity of primary particles. The blended cathodes of NMC and LMFP-1 show higher discharge capacity, gravimetric energy density, and rate capability than those of NMC and LMFP-2 for the same blending ratio (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt% LMFP to NMC) because of the differences in the electronic conductivity, specific surface area, mean particle size, and uniformity of primary particles between LMFP-1 and LMFP-2. The discharge capacity and gravimetric energy density of NMC : LMFP-1 = 9 : 1 and 8 : 2 at 0.2 C-rate are comparable to those of NMC. Further, the rate capability is the highest at the blending ratio of NMC : LMFP-1 = 7 : 3. An optimal range for the blending ratio of LMFP to NMC is revealed based on the discharge capacity, energy density, and rate capability of the blended cathode. Moreover, LMFP has a considerable impact on the electrochemical characteristics of the blended cathodes of NMC and LMFP.
Ferrodrop Dose-Optimized Digital Quantification of Biomolecules in Low-Volume Samples (2018)

We present an approach to estimate the concentration of a biomolecule in a solution by sampling several nanoliter-scale volumes and determining if the volumes contain any biomolecules. In this method, varying volume fractions (nanoliter-scale) of a sample of nucleic acids are introduced to an array of uniform volume reaction wells (100 μL), which are then fluorescently imaged to determine if signal is above a threshold after nucleic acid amplification, all without complex instrumentation. The nanoliter volumes are generated and introduced using the simple positioning of a permanent magnet, and imaging is performed with a cellphone-based fluorescence detection scheme, both methods suitable for limited-resource settings. We use the length of time a magnetic field is applied to generate a calibrated number of nanoliter ferrodrops of sample mixed with ferrofluid at a step emulsification microfluidic junction. Each dose of ferrodrops is then transferred into larger microliter scale reaction wells on chip through a simple shift of the external magnet. Nucleic acid amplification is achieved using loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). By repeating each nanoliter dosage a number of times to calculate the probability of a positive signal at each dosage, we can use a binomial probability distribution to estimate the sample nucleic acid concentration. Using this approach we demonstrate detection of lambda DNA molecules down to 25 copies per microliter. The ability to dose separate nanoliter-scale volumes of a low-volume sample across wells in this platform is suited for multiplexed assays. This platform has the potential to be applied to a range of diseases by mixing a sample with magnetic nanoparticles.
Participatory Sensing for Localization of a GNSS Jammer (2022)

GNSS receivers are vulnerable to jamming and spoofing attacks, and numerous such incidents have been reported worldwide in the last decade. It is important to detect attacks fast and localize attackers, which can be hard if not impossible without dedicated sensing infrastructure. The notion of participatory sensing, or crowdsensing, is that a large ensemble of voluntary contributors provides the measurements, rather than relying on dedicated sensing infrastructure. This work considers embedded GNSS receivers to provide measurements for participatory jamming detection and localization. Specifically, this work proposes a novel jamming localization algorithm, based on participatory sensing, that exploits AGC and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$C / N_{0}$</tex> estimates from commercial GNSS receivers. The proposed algorithm does not require knowledge of the jamming power nor of the channels, but automatically estimates all parameters. The algorithm is shown to outperform similar state-of-the-art localization algorithms in relevant scenarios.
New vertical cryostat for the high field superconducting magnet test station at CERN (2014)

In the framework of the R&D program for new superconducting magnets for the Large Hadron Collider accelerator upgrades, CERN is building a new vertical test station to test high field superconducting magnets of unprecedented large size. This facility will allow testing of magnets by vertical insertion in a pressurized liquid helium bath, cooled to a controlled temperature between 4.2 K and 1.9 K. The dimensions of the cryostat will allow testing magnets of up to 2.5 m in length with a maximum diameter of 1.5 m and a mass of 15 tons. To allow for a faster insertion and removal of the magnets and reducing the risk of helium leaks, all cryogenics supply lines are foreseen to remain permanently connected to the cryostat. A specifically designed 100 W heat exchanger is integrated in the cryostat helium vessel for a controlled cooling of the magnet from 4.2 K down to 1.9 K in a 3 m3 helium bath. This paper describes the cryostat and its main functions, focusing on features specifically developed for this project. The status of the construction and the plans for assembly and installation at CERN are also presented.
Synthetic studies toward mitomycins. 2. Total synthesis of dl-porfiromycin (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic studies toward mitomycins. 2. Total synthesis of dl-porfiromycinF. Nakatsubo, T. Fukuyama, A. J. Cocuzza, and Y. KishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 24, 8115–8116Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00466a089https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00466a089research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views454Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
RACE (2012)

The Cloud-Edge topology - where multiple smart edge devices such as phones are connected to one another via the Cloud - is becoming ubiquitous. We demonstrate RACE, a novel framework and system for specifying and efficiently executing distributed real-time applications in the Cloud-Edge topology. RACE uses LINQ for StreamInsight to succinctly express a diverse suite of useful real-time applications. Further, it exploits the processing power of edge devices and the Cloud to partition and execute such queries in a distributed manner. RACE features a novel cost-based optimizer that efficiently finds the optimal placement, minimizing global communication cost while handling multi-level join queries and asymmetric network links.
Induction of cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte and antibody responses against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in mice by inoculation of apathogenic H5N1 influenza virus particles inactivated with formalin (2008)

We investigated whether a vaccine derived from an apathogenic reassortant type A H5N1 influenza strain could induce immune responses in vivo that mediated protection from highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection in mice. After two subcutaneous immunizations with formalin-inactivated H5N1 whole virus particles (whole particle vaccine), significant killing specific for cells presenting a nucleoprotein peptide from the vaccine strain of the virus was observed. Similar vaccination with viruses treated with ether and formalin, which are commonly used for humans as ether-split vaccines, induced little or no cytotoxic T-cell response. Furthermore, whole particle vaccines of the apathogenic H5N1 strain were more effective than ether-split vaccines at inducing antibody production able to neutralize a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain. Finally, whole particle vaccines of H5N1 protected mice against infection by an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus more effectively than did ether-split vaccines. These results suggest that formalin-inactivated virus particles of apathogenic strains are effective for induction of both cytotoxic T-lymphocyte and antibody responses against highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in vivo, resulting in protection from infection by a highly pathogenic H5N1 virus.
A low-power generator-based FIFO using ring pointers and current-mode sensing (1993)

The authors present a submicron full CMOS FIFO (first in, first out) memory generator for ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) and full-custom applications that combines asynchronous access, shift register pointers, a direct word line comparison technique (DWLC) for flag generation, and current sensing in a regular structured architecture that uses circuit compaction and automated parameteric characterization. It features overread and write protection and retransmit capability at clock rates of 70-100 MHz at 5 V and 40-60 MHz at 3.3 V. The regular structure yields predictable performance and simplifies timing model synthesis for simulators. Special hardware features support full fault coverage with BIST (built-in self-test) algorithms available in hardware or software.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Endoscope-Supported Surgery of Glomus Jugulare Tumors (2005)

Introduction: Tumors of the foramen jugulare are difficult to resect because of bleeding and the narrowness of the anatomical space in the foramen jugulare. In these cases large approaches with transposition of the facial nerve are often necessary, which can result in facial nerve palsy. This study aimed to investigate whether the endoscopic technique can help to prevent facial nerve transposition in special cases.
Factors of importance for the development of the step-down heating effect in a C3H mammary carcinomain vivo (1987)

The effect of step-down heating (SDH) was investigated in a C3H mammary carcinoma inoculated into the feet of CDF1 mice. The SDH effect was evaluated by comparing slopes of time versus growth delay curves of SDH-heated with the curve for single-heated controls. The effect was quantified by a ratio: 'step-down ratio' (SDR), defined as slope (SDH-heated)/slope (single-heated). Step-down heating resulted in thermosensitization in contrast to step-up heating which did not affect the heat sensitivity. The kinetics of the step-down heating effect was investigated by inserting an interval between a 44.5 degrees C/10 min sensitizing treatment (ST) and a 42.0 degrees C test treatment (TT). The effect of SDH was maximal with no interval between ST and TT (SDR = 2.3), decayed within 2 h and turned into thermotolerance. This thermotolerance was maximal after 12 h and decayed within 120 h. The effect of varying the TT temperature was investigated in the range 39.0-44.5 degrees C (ST = 44.5 degrees C/10 min). Below 42.5 degrees C the SDR value increased exponentially, and even a 39 degrees C TT produced a significant heat damage. An Arrhenius analysis was made showing a straight line in the whole temperature range with an activation energy of 526 kJ/mol and an increased activation entropy. These data show that thermosensitization can be induced by SDH in C3H mammary carcinomas in vivo. The effect seems to decay within 2 h, and by decreasing the heat activation energies the effect of low temperature heating is increased.
Landmark-based mixed-reality perceptual alignment of medical imaging data and accuracy validation in living subjects (2020)

Medical augmented reality (AR) applications where virtual renderings are aligned with the real world allow to visualize internal anatomy of the patient to a medical caregiver wearing an AR headset. Accurate alignment of virtual and real content is important for applications where the virtual rendering is used to guide the medical procedure such as a surgery. Compared to 2D AR applications, where the alignment accuracy can be directly measured on the 2D screen, 3D medical AR applications require alignment measurements using phantoms and external tracking systems. In this paper we present an approach for landmark-based alignment, validation and accuracy measurement of a 3D AR overlay of medical images on the real-world subject. This is done by performing an initial MRI of a subject’s head, an AR alignment task of the virtual rendering of the head MRI data to the subject’s real-world head using virtual fiducials, and a second MRI scan to test the accuracy of the AR alignment task. We have performed these 3D medical AR alignment measurements on seven volunteers using a MagicLeap AR head-mounted display. Across all seven volunteers we measured an alignment accuracy of $4.7 \pm 2.6$ mm. These results suggest that such an AR application can be a valuable tool for guiding non-invasive transcranial magnetic brain stimulation treatment. The presented MRI-based accuracy validation will furthermore be an important versatile tool to establish the safety of medical AR techniques.
On statistical tests of functional connectome fingerprinting (2018)

Abstract Fingerprinting of functional connectomes is an increasingly standard measure of reproducibility in functional magnetic resonance imaging connectomics. In such studies, one attempts to match a subject’s first session image with their second, in a blinded fashion, in a group of subjects measured twice. The number or percentage of correct matches is usually reported as a statistic. In this manuscript, we investigate the statistical tests of matching based on exchangeability assumption in the fingerprinting analysis. We show that a nearly universal Poisson(1) approximation applies for different matching schemes. We theoretically investigate the permutation tests and explore the issue that the test is overly sensitive to uninteresting directions in the alternative hypothesis, such as clustering due to familial status or demographics. We perform a numerical study on two functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) resting state datasets, the Human Connectome Project (HCP) and the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA). These datasets are instructive, as the HCP includes techinical replications of long scans and includes monozygotic and dyzogotic twins as well as non-twin siblings. In contrast, the BLSA study incorporates more typical length resting state scans in a longitudinal study. Finally, a study of single regional connections is performed on the HCP data.