gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making sense of performance in data analytics frameworks (2015)

There has been much research devoted to improving the performance of data analytics frameworks, but comparatively little effort has been spent systematically identifying the performance bottlenecks of these systems. In this paper, we develop blocked time analysis, a methodology for quantifying performance bottlenecks in distributed computation frameworks, and use it to analyze the Spark framework's performance on two SQL benchmarks and a production workload. Contrary to our expectations, we find that (i) CPU (and not I/O) is often the bottleneck, (ii) improving network performance can improve job completion time by a median of at most 2%, and (iii) the causes of most stragglers can be identified.
[Catheter ablation and modulation of the atrioventricular junction; current aspects]. (1996)

Ablation of the atrioventricular junction consists in creating a therapeutic AV block to facilitate the treatment of symptoms caused by atrial arrhythmias refractory to drug therapy. The technical performance of ablation has been improved by restricting the indication to atrial fibrillation, by using radiofrequency currents, by choosing a nodal rather than His bundle ablation site, and by improving the function of cardiac pacemakers (rate adapting, back-up). The functional results are excellent but the outcome is punctuated by rare cases of sudden death, the cause of which is not fully understood (dependance, ventricular arrhythmias, ...). To avoid permanent pacing, it has been suggested that atrioventricular conduction should be modulated rather than completely interrupted. Modulation of the fast pathway has been shown to be ineffective; that of the more complex, slow pathway, seems to be more promising. Although this obviates the need for a pacemaker, it does not suppress irregularity of the ventricular rhythm, the main cause of symptoms in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and of the haemodynamic changes associated with permanent atrial fibrillation.
Best Practices in Policy and Access (Coding and Reimbursement) for Weight Loss Surgery (2009)

To update evidence-based best practice guidelines for coding and reimbursement and establish policy and access standards for weight loss surgery (WLS). Systematic search of English-language literature on WLS and health-care policy, access, insurance reimbursement, coding, private payers, public policy, and mandated benefits published between April 2004 and May 2007 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Use of key words to narrow the search for a selective review of abstracts, retrieval of full articles, and grading of evidence according to systems used in established evidence-based models. We identified 51 publications in our literature search; the 20 most relevant were examined in detail. These included reviews, cost-benefit analyses, and trend and cost studies from administrative databases. Literature on policy issues surrounding WLS are very sparse and largely focused on economic analyses. Reports on policy initiatives in the public and private arenas are primarily limited to narrative reviews of nonsurgical efforts to fight obesity. A substantial body of work shows that WLS improves or reverses most obesity-related comorbidities. Mounting evidence also indicates that WLS confers a significant survival advantage for those who undergo it. WLS is a viable and cost-effective treatment for an increasingly common disease, and policy decisions are more frequently being linked to incentives for national health-care goals. However, access to WLS often varies by payer and region. Currently, there are no uniform criteria for determining patient appropriateness for surgery.
Distributed optimization in heterogeneous networks with proportional fairness (2010)

In this paper we develop a discrete and distributed optimization framework that maximizes the overall spectral efficiency of heterogeneous networks while ensuring a minimum fairness among users. We split the problem into two subproblems: the first one is handled by the users and consists in a transmission by each user of a minimum rate requirement to the base stations and the second is the resource allocation performed by the base stations with respect to the rate constraints generated by the users. The first subproblem is solved using a process where each user tries to adjust its rate requirements to the network capacity. This process is inspired from the TCP Vegas algorithm, where the network usage is improved by reducing congestion. Based on the users' rate requirements, the base stations perform a discrete resource optimization in order to allocate power and rate to each user. The rates are selected among a finite set of discrete rates since Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) technique is assumed to be used in each network. The proposed algorithm is compared to an extension of the Proportional Fair algorithm, developed in this paper to allow joint rate and power allocation. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides better performance than the simple PF while ensuring an acceptable fairness among the users.
Canonical DNA minor groove insertion of bisbenzamidine–Ru( ii ) complexes with chiral selectivity (2019)

We report the first Ru(ii) coordination compounds that interact with DNA through a canonical minor groove insertion mode and with selectivity for A/T rich sites. This was made possible by integrating a bis-benzamidine minor groove DNA-binding agent with a ruthenium(ii) complex. Importantly, one of the enantiomers (Δ-[Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub> <b>b4bpy</b>]<sup>2+</sup>, <b>Δ-4Ru</b>) shows a considerably higher DNA affinity than the parent organic ligand and the other enantiomer, particularly for the AATT sequence, while the other enantiomer preferentially targets long AAATTT sites with overall lower affinity. Finally, we demonstrate that the photophysical properties of these new binders can be exploited for DNA cleavage using visible light.
Impact of Shale Properties on Pore Structure and Storage Characteristics (2008)

Abstract Characterising the pore structure of gas shales is of critical importance to establish the original gas in place and flow characteristics of the rock matrix. Methods of measuring pore volume, pore size distribution, and sorptive capacity of shales, inherited from the coalbed methane and conventional reservoir rock analyses, although widely applied, are of limited value in characterising many shales Helium which is routinely used to measure shale skeletal and grain density, permeability and diffusivity, has greater access to the fine pore structure of shale than larger molecules such as methane. Utilizing gases other than He to measure porosity or flux requires corrections for sorption to be incorporated in the analyses. Since the permeability of shales vary by several orders of magnitude with effective stress, methods that do not consider effective stress such as crushed permeability, permeability from Hg porosimetry, and from desorption are of limited utility and may be at best instructional. For shales investigated to date, clay-rich rocks have higher porosity and permeability than biogenic silica-rich shales or carbonate-rich shales. Shales rich in detrital quartz have higher porosity and permeability than shales rich in biogenic quartz and hence simply knowing the mineralogy of a shale may not be diagnostic. The porosity of most shales is mainly dependent on the degree of pore volume development in pores less than 10 um. Quantifying total gas in place in shales by much of the industry using coal desorption methods and porosity and water saturation determinations, developed for conventional reservoir rocks, may lead to substantial errors. Canister ‘desorption' methods applied to gas shales routinely captures free and solution gas as well as sorbed gas which, if considered as only sorbed gas, results in a significant overestimation of gas in place. A proprietary method of analyses, referred to as MARIO, results in rigorous total gas in place determinations that avoids errors including those associated with molecular sieving and provides a maximum value of the sorbed gas contribution to total gas.
Modelling the Effectiveness of Herbicide Rotations and Mixtures as Strategies to Delay or Preclude Resistance (1990)

Herbicide-resistant populations have evolved only in monoculture and/or monoherbicide conditions at predictable rates for each compound and weed. No populations of triazine-resistant weeds have appeared in corn where rotations of crops and herbicides or herbicide mixtures were used. This is due to the greatly reduced competitive fitness of the resistant individuals, which could be expressed only during rotational cycles, and also to the greater sensitivity of resistant individuals to other herbicides, pests, and control practices (“negative cross-resistance”). The model presented here describes how an understanding of all of these factors can provide strategies to decrease the frequency of the resistant individuals during rotation. Rotations or mixtures may not delay the rate of appearance of resistance to inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS), where the fitness of resistant biotypes is claimed to be near normal. The best way to delay resistance to ALS inhibitors is to use those compounds with less persistence so that the selection pressure will be lowered. Too little is known about the frequency of resistance to other herbicides with target-site resistance–to dinitroanilines, to acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, or to those situations where a single enzyme system confers resistance to a broad spectrum of seemingly unrelated herbicides.
Monolithically Integrated Holmium Lasers on Silicon Chips (2018)

We demonstrate holmium-doped DFB lasers monolithically integrated on silicon. Single mode lasing at wavelength from 2.02 to 2.10 μm with 15 mW maximum output power are reported. This work extends silicon-photonic microsystems beyond 2 μm.
NERO: A Biomedical Named-entity (Recognition) Ontology with a Large, Annotated Corpus Reveals Meaningful Associations Through Text Embedding (2020)

Machine reading is essential for unlocking valuable knowledge contained in the millions of existing biomedical documents. Over the last two decades 1,2 , the most dramatic advances in machine-reading have followed in the wake of critical corpus development 3 . Large, well-annotated corpora have been associated with punctuated advances in machine reading methodology and automated knowledge extraction systems in the same way that ImageNet 4 was fundamental for developing machine vision techniques. This study contributes six components to an advanced, named-entity analysis tool for biomedicine: (a) a new, Named-Entity Recognition Ontology (NERO) developed specifically for describing entities in biomedical texts, which accounts for diverse levels of ambiguity, bridging the scientific sublanguages of molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and medicine; (b) detailed guidelines for human experts annotating hundreds of named-entity classes; (c) pictographs for all named entities, to simplify the burden of annotation for curators; (d) an original, annotated corpus comprising 35,865 sentences, which encapsulate 190,679 named entities and 43,438 events connecting two or more entities; (e) validated, off-the-shelf, named-entity recognition automated extraction, and; (f) embedding models that demonstrate the promise of biomedical associations embedded within this corpus.
Abstract 1122‐000211: Histology Profiles of Thrombi in Men and Women Undergoing Thrombectomy (2021)

This meeting abstract was removed due to the OA licensing requirements of this journal. The full abstract is listed here : https://www.svin.org/files/SVIN_2021_Abstracts_for_Web.pdf
Collaborative coupling over tabletop displays (2006)

Designing collaborative interfaces for tabletops remains difficult because we do not fully understand how groups coordinate their actions when working collaboratively over tables. We present two observational studies of pairs completing independent and shared tasks that investigate collaborative coupling, or the manner in which collaborators are involved and occupied with each other's work. Our results indicate that individuals frequently and fluidly engage and disengage with group activity through several distinct, recognizable states with unique characteristics. We describe these states and explore the consequences of these states for tabletop interface design.
Table S1 from Tumor Intrinsic Efficacy by SHP2 and RTK Inhibitors in KRAS-Mutant Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: List of all cell lines in the CCLE (Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia) where sensitivity to SHP2 (PTPN11) knockdown was evaluated in 2D. Lineage, and genetic status of KRAS and BRAF are shown. Blank cells represent cell line data where genetic or sensitivity data do not exist. Values depicted are the ATARIS quantile normalized z-score. Additional details on the methodology of the screen are published (58).&lt;/p&gt;
Metabolic engineering, new antibiotics and biofilm viscoelasticity (2009)

In the following highlight we refer to a number of new advances in the field of Biotechnology that address issues relating to the synthesis of new antibiotics, new biocatalysts and matrices in biofilms.
Flight Test and Analysis of a Multi-Chamber Aerospike Engine (2008)

Despite the promise of improved performance, aerospike engines have yet to be used on any operational system, owing in large part to the fact that no flight data is available to characterize the interactions between airframe and engine, most notably in transonic, under-expanded flight conditions. The paper discusses the development of a multi-chamber 1,300 lbf thrust LOX/ethanol aerospike engine designed to address this need. The engine is comprised of ten (10) thrusters which incorporate ceramic matrix composite thrust chambers in order to maintain the square 0.6 inch throat and rectangular nozzle constant during the burn. The thrusters are arranged around an annular plug nozzle which is outfitted with a series of pressure sensors in order to obtain flight performance data to be later used for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tool validation. The engine is integrated into a regulated-helium pressure-fed vehicle which features flight data acquisition and telemetry systems. Sensors include an inertial measurement unit, propulsion system pressure transducers, as well as skin pressure sensors. The vehicle is designed to reach supersonic conditions at approximately 15,000 ft and burnout shortly thereafter, coasting to 25,000 ft before a 2-stage parachute recovery. The flight data will later be analyzed to determine airframe-engine interactions and the associated engine performance, and will be used for comparisons with CFD approaches.
New Real-Time PCR Assay Using Allelic Discrimination for Detection and Differentiation of Equine Herpesvirus-1 Strains with A 2254 and G 2254 Polymorphisms (2012)

A single-nucleotide polymorphism (A(2254) or G(2254)) in open reading frame 30 (ORF30) has been linked to the neuropathogenic phenotype of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1). Identification of this polymorphism led to the development of a real-time PCR (rPCR) assay using allelic discrimination (E(2)) to distinguish between potentially neuropathogenic and nonneuropathogenic EHV-1 strains (G. P. Allen, J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 19:69-72, 2007). Although this rPCR assay can detect and genotype EHV-1 strains, subsequent studies demonstrated that it lacks the sensitivity for the routine detection of viral nucleic acid in clinical specimens. Therefore, a new allelic discrimination EHV-1 rPCR assay (E(1)) was developed by redesigning primers and probes specific to ORF30. The E(1) and E(2) rPCR assays were evaluated using 76 archived EHV isolates and 433 clinical specimens from cases of suspected EHV-1 infection. Nucleotide sequence analysis of ORF30 was used to confirm the presence of EHV-1 and characterize the genotype (A(2254) or G(2254)) in all archived isolates plus 168 of the clinical samples. The E(1) assay was 10 times more sensitive than E(2), with a lower detection limit of 10 infectious virus particles. Furthermore, all A(2254) and G(2254) genotypes along with samples from three cases of dual infection (A(2254)+G(2254)) were correctly identified by E(1), whereas E(2) produced 20 false dual positive results with only one actual mixed A(2254)+G(2254) genotype confirmed. Based on these findings, E(1) offers greater sensitivity and accuracy for the detection and A/G(2254) genotyping of EHV-1, making this improved rPCR assay a valuable diagnostic tool for investigating outbreaks of EHV-1 infection.
Homoepitaxial Growth of 4H-SiC Using CH<sub>3</sub>Cl Carbon Precursor (2005)

The results of the initial experiments with halogenated carbon precursor chloromethane (CH3Cl) for epitaxial growth of 4H-SiC are presented. The growth rate for mirror-like morphology was easily increased up to about 7 µm/hr at C-rich conditions without detectable surface morphology degradation. Further increase of the silane flow resulted in island formation. The growth with the traditional silane-propane system at the same conditions (and optimized Si/C ratio) produced a very different result, with the growth rate decreasing from upstream to downstream, and morphology degradation taking place for much lower growth rate than in CH3Cl growth. Consequently, the epitaxial growth with chloromethane appears to have significantly different kinetics of the gas-phase precursor decomposition and different mechanisms of the surface reactions, which favors the step-flow growth. In addition, these preliminary data indicated that the maximum achievable growth rate corresponding to the good surface morphology may be noticeably larger for the CH3Cl+SiH4+H2 growth system.
Importance of specimen type in detecting human papillomavirus DNA from the female genital tract (2009)

HPV testing is a valuable tool in cervical cancer screening and efficacy assessment of HPV vaccines. Concordance of specimens from three sites for detection of HPV DNA in the female genital tract was evaluated. At a single visit, the following specimens were collected: an endo-ecto-cervical swab (EEC), labial/vulvar/perineal/perianal swab (LVPP) and cervicovaginal lavage (CVL). Specimens were evaluated with HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, and HPV18 type- and gene-specific PCR assays. Of the 898 women evaluated at baseline, 232 were HPV PCR positive in at least one specimen. Of these, for HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, and HPV18, respectively, throughout: (a) 70.4%, 40.0%, 65.3%, and 64.1% tested three-site positive; (b) 13.6%, 30.0%, 19.7%, and 18.8% tested two-site positive; and (c) 16.4%, 30.0%, 15.0%, and 17.2% tested single-site positive. For patients who tested single-site positive for HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, or HPV18, respectively, the specimen was: LVPP in 92.3%, 33.3%, 68.2%, and 72.7%; EEC in 0.0%, 33.3%, 18.2%, and 9.1%; and CVL in 7.7%, 33.3%, 13.6%, and 18.2%. Combining results of swab specimens together increases detection of HPV6, HPV11, HPV16, and HPV 18, respectively, to 98.7%, 90.0%, 97.9%, and 96.9%. HPV DNA is detectable from all three sites using type-specific PCR assays; most women who tested positive for a given HPV type were positive for that type in all three specimens.
Supplementary Table 1 from GP369, an FGFR2-IIIb–Specific Antibody, Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity against Human Cancers Driven by Activated FGFR2 Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from GP369, an FGFR2-IIIb–Specific Antibody, Exhibits Potent Antitumor Activity against Human Cancers Driven by Activated FGFR2 Signaling
Effect of timing jitter on an optically controlled picosecond optical switch (1993)

Timing jitter between optical control and signal pulses seriously degrades the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of optically controlled optical switches in the picosecond region. BER's measured in a picosecond all-optical switch based on nonlinear fiber Sagnac interferometer switching reveal that the rms signal-to-control timing jitter must be less than 1/12 of the switching window to achieve BER &lt; 10−9.
Negative Bias Temperature Instability on Plasma-Nitrided Silicon Dioxide Film (2002)

The behavior of negative-bias-temperature-instability (NBTI) on ultra-thin plasma-nitrided silicon dioxide films (1.8 and 2.6 nm) has been investigated and compared with conventional thermal nitridation. Plasma-nitrided oxides shows more resistance to NBTI, as compared to thermal-nitrided oxides. This is attributed to the fact that plasma nitridation incorporates the nitrogen at the top oxide surface, thus mitigating the undesirable nitrogen-enhanced NBTI effect. Additionally, the degradation mechanism of NBTI is found to be insensitive to the nitridation process, nitrogen concentration and boron penetration.
Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Distributed Congestion Control in Cellular V2X Networks (2021)

Distributed congestion control (DCC) improves system performance by lowering channel congestion in vehicular environments with high vehicle density. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project standard defines the related metrics of channel busy ratio (CBR) and introduces possible rate and power control mechanisms to mitigate channel congestion in cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) sidelink. However, the DCC of C-V2X is not sufficiently specified to implement these controls. In this letter, we propose a novel DCC algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to improve congestion control performance in C-V2X sidelink. The proposed algorithm allows the DRL agent to observe a CBR state and select the packet transmission rate that can maximize the reward of packet delivery rate (PDR) while maintaining higher channel utilization. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm provides performance gain in terms of PDR and sidelink throughput compared with the existing DCC method.
A study of time-redundant fault tolerance techniques for high-performance pipelined computers (2003)

A class of fault-tolerance techniques using time redundancy can be a viable alternative for high-performance pipelined processors. Time-redundant fault-tolerance techniques, such as recomputing with shifted operands (RESO), have not been very popular, partly because of the perceived time overhead of such techniques. While the per-instruction time overhead can be quite high, especially if the degree of pipelining is low, the overhead can be very small (and possibly negligible) when the execution of an entire program is considered and the degree of pipelining is high. Simulation studies were carried out on the Cray-1 scalar unit using the well-known Livermore loops as benchmarks to determine the performance loss due to time-redundant fault-tolerance techniques. The results show that the overhead for such techniques is less than 10% in almost all cases and is negligibly small in most cases. This suggests that time-redundant techniques can be useful for fault tolerance in high-performance scalar processors with multiple pipelined functional units.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>