gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of passive T-cell death in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2000)

The mechanisms of chronic disease and recovery from relapses in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis, are unknown. Deletion of myelin-specific lymphocytes by apoptosis may play a role in termination of the inflammatory response. One pathway of apoptosis is the passive cell death or "cell death by neglect" pathway, which is under the control of the Bcl family of genes. To investigate the role of passive cell death pathway in EAE, we used mice with transgenic expression of the long form of the bcl-x gene (Bcl-x(L)) targeted to the T-cell lineage. We found that mice transgenic for Bcl-x(L) have an earlier onset and a more chronic form of EAE induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) peptide 35-55 compared with wild-type littermate mice. This was not due to an expanded autoreactive cell repertoire. Primed peripheral lymphocytes from Bcl-x(L) transgenic mice showed increased proliferation and cytokine production to MOG peptide in vitro compared with lymphocytes from wild-type animals. Immunohistologic studies demonstrated increased cellular infiltrates, immunoglobulin precipitation, and demyelination in the Bcl-x(L) transgenic central nervous system (CNS) compared with controls. There was also a decreased number of apoptotic cells in the CNS of Bcl-x(L) transgenic mice when compared with littermates at all time points tested. This is the first report of an autoimmune disease model in Bcl-x(L) transgenic mice. Our data indicate that the passive cell death pathway is important in the pathogenesis of chronic EAE. These findings have implications for understanding the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases.
Measurement System for Wave Energy Converter: Design and Implementation (2014)

A Wave Energy Converter (WEC) measurement system has been constructed and installed with the purpose to measure, log and evaluate the WEC’s performance during operation at sea. The WEC is to be deployed at Uppsala University’s wave power research site in Lysekil on the west coast of Sweden. In designing such a system the key research objectives has been (1) to study the risk of overheating due to high currents in the stator windings, (2) to evaluate how the WEC’s outer structure withstands drag and bending forces from the buoy line and (3) to construct a detection system which indicates if water leaks into the generator. The measurement system was designed to collect data essential to study these key objectives. Transducers were used to measure: buoy line force, translator position, phase currents, bending and tensile strain on the generator hull, water level inside generator and the temperature at multiple places inside the generator. The measurement system has been installed and calibrated in the WEC. Furthermore, the design has been evaluated in lab experiments in order to verify the function and accuracy of the different measurements. This paper presents the underlying research objectives for developing the WEC generator measurement system, together with a description of the technical implementation.
<title>Cross-link induced linear and curved polymer channel waveguide arrays for massively parallel optical interconnects</title> (1993)

A single-mode polymer-based channel waveguide array with 1250 channels/cm packaging density on a cross-link induced photopolymeric thin film is reported. This array works at 1.31 micrometers and 0.63 micrometers . Curved waveguides with radii of curvature (ROC) from 1 mm to 40 mm were demonstrated. Waveguide propagation loss in the neighborhood of 0.1 db/cm was demonstrated for both linear and curved waveguides. Interconnectivity for various interconnection architectures including cross bar, hypercube, daisy chain and star are further considered. Multiple layers of optical interconnects may be required for an optical backplane involving massively parallel highly distributed computing systems.
Polyisobutylene-based polyurethanes: VII. structure/property investigations for medical applications (2015)

The outstanding hydrolytic and oxidative stabilities of polyisobutylene-based polyurethanes (PIB-based PUs) were reported earlier. Herein, we summarize recent investigations aimed at further enhancing hydrolytic-oxidative stabilities (in terms of resistance to aqueous buffer, nitric acid and CoCl2/H2O2) together with excellent mechanical properties. The purity and dryness of ingredients together with precise NCO/OH stoichiometry (∼1.05) are essential to obtain PIB-based PUs with improved properties. Static and dynamic mechanical properties were optimized by analyzing stress–strain traces, thermal (TGA, DSC) responses, self-organization (XRD) profiles, and rheological (DMA, creep) information. According to microstructure and surface analyses (AFM, contact angle) annealing increases the segregation of individual segments and increases surface hydrophobicity, which in turn enhances the shielding of hydrolytically oxidatively vulnerable carbamate bonds by inert PIB barriers, and thus significantly improves hydrolytic-oxidative stability. Annealing does not much affect bulk properties, such as static and dynamic mechanical and thermal properties; however, it increases damping over a wide temperature range. Annealed PIB-based PU containing 72.5% PIB exhibits outstanding hydrolytic-oxidative stability together with ∼26 MPa tensile strength, ∼500% elongation, and ∼77 Microshore hardness. PIB-based PUs are significantly more resistant to hydrolytic and oxidative degradation than ElastEon™ E2A, a commercially available PDMS-based PU, widely used for medical applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 532–543
Considerations for Application of Additive Manufacturing to Nuclear Reactor Core Components (2019)

The following chapter represents the current state of literature on the selected additive manufacturing technologies and was written with an emphasis on quality control and material performance repeatability. Research and standards published by government entities such as the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Department of Energy (DOE) have been included where applicable. It is recommended that literature be reviewed, and new knowledge integrated no less frequently than every four years due to the rapid pace of advancements in additive manufacturing and associated industries. AM presents unique challenges in certification for NPP applications such as anisotropic material properties, porosity, underdeveloped process control feedback systems, and reproducibility. This chapter begins with an overview of the selected AM technologies, followed by a systematic review of literature to detail the fabrication process and difficulties with repeatably fabricating fully dense, geometrically accurate components with known material properties.
Photocatalytic Dearomative Intermolecular [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Heterocycles for Building Molecular Complexity (2020)

Indole and indoline rings are important pharmacophoric scaffolds found in marketed drugs, agrochemicals, and biologically active molecules. The [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction is a versatile strategy for constructing architecturally interesting, sp3-rich cyclobutane-fused scaffolds with potential applications in drug discovery programs. A general platform for visible-light mediated intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition of indoles with alkenes has been realized. A substrate-based screening approach led to the discovery of tert-butyloxycarbonyl (Boc)-protected indole-2-carboxyesters as suitable motifs for the intermolecular [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction. Significantly, the reaction proceeds in good yield with a wide variety of both activated and unactivated alkenes, including those containing free amines and alcohols, and the transformation exhibits excellent regio- and diastereoselectivity. Moreover, the scope of the indole substrate is very broad, extending to previously unexplored azaindole heterocycles that collectively afford fused cyclobutane containing scaffolds that offer unique properties with functional handles and vectors suitable for further derivatization. DFT computational studies provide insights into the mechanism of this [2 + 2] cycloaddition, which is initiated by a triplet–triplet energy transfer process. The photocatalytic reaction was successfully performed on a 100 g scale to provide the dihydroindole analog.
Site-Specific Deposition of Au Nanoparticles in CNT Films by Chemical (2010)

There has been no attempt to date to specifically modify the nodes in carbon nanotube (CNT) networks. If the nodes can be modified in favorable ways, the electrical and/or thermal and/or mechanical properties of the CNT networks could be improved. In an attempt to influence the performance as a transparent conductivefilm,goldnanoparticlescappedwiththeaminoacidcysteine(Au-CysNP)havebeenselectivelyattached atthenodesofmultiwalledcarbonnanotubes(MWCNTs)networks.Thesenanoparticleshaveanaveragediameter of 5 nm as observed by TEM. FTIR and XPS were used to characterize each step of the MWCNT chemical functionalization process. The chemical process was designed to favor selective attachment at the nodes and not the segments in the CNT networks. The chemical processing was designed to direct formation of nodes where the gold nanoparticles are. The nanoparticles which were loosely held in the CNT network could be easily washed awaybysolvents,whilethoseboundchemicallyremained.TEMresultsshowthattheCys-AuNPsarepreferentially located at the nodes of the CNT networks when compared to the segments. These nanoparticles at the nodes were also characterized by a novel technique called diffraction scanning transmission electron microscopy (D- STEM) confirming their identity. Four-probe measurements found that the sheet resistance of the modified CNT networks was half that of similarly transparent pristine multiwalled CNT networks.
Stability of plant mRNAs depends on the length of the 3′-untranslated region (2006)

Eukaryotic mRNAs that prematurely terminate translation are recognized and degraded by nonsense mediated decay (NMD). This degradation pathway is well studied in animal and yeast cells. The data available imply that NMD also takes place in plants. However, the molecular mechanism of recognition and degradation of plant RNAs containing premature terminator codon (PTC) is not known. Here we report that in plant cells this mechanism involves the recognition of the sizes of the 3'-untranslated regions (3'UTR). Plant 3'UTRs longer than 300 nucleotides induce mRNA instability. Contrary to mammalian and yeast cells, this destabilization does not depend on the presence of any specific sequences downstream of the terminator codon. Unlike nuclear-produced mRNAs, plant virus vector long 3'UTR-containing RNAs, which are synthesized directly in the cytoplasm, are stable and translated efficiently. This shows that RNAs produced in the cytoplasm by viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase are able to avoid the proposed mechanism.
ZT 0.1 Electron-Carrying Polymer Thermoelectric Composites with In Situ SnCl 2 Microstructure Growth (Open Access) (2015)

Abstract : An n-type pyromellitic diimide polymer composite with in situ microstructure growth of the common element compound SnCl2 reaches power factor of 50100 W m1 K2, the highest purely n-type polymer composite power factor yet reported. The composite has a gigantic Seebeck coefficient between 4000 and 5000 V K1, many times higher than other polymer composites.
Stereochemistry of Ring-Opened Metathesis Polymers Prepared in Liquid CO2 at High Pressure Using Ru(H2O)6(Tos)2 as Catalyst (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTStereochemistry of Ring-Opened Metathesis Polymers Prepared in Liquid CO2 at High Pressure Using Ru(H2O)6(Tos)2 as CatalystJ. G. Hamilton, J. J. Rooney, J. M. DeSimone, and C. MisteleView Author Information School of Chemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, and Department of Chemistry, CB#3290, Venable and Kenan Laboratories, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 13, 4387–4389Publication Date (Web):June 9, 1998Publication History Received22 October 1997Revised16 April 1998Published online9 June 1998Published inissue 1 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9715536https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9715536rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views180Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Ligands,Metathesis polymerization,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Photonic Crystal Enabled Thermophotovoltaics for a Portable Microgenerator (2015)

This work presents the design and characterization of a first-of-a-kind millimeter- scale thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system using a metallic microburner, photonic crystal emitter, and low-bandgap photovoltaic (PV) cells. In our TPV system, combustion heats the emitter to incandescence and the resulting thermal radiation is converted to electricity by the low bandgap PV cells. Our motivation is to harness the high specific energy of hydrocarbon fuels at the micro- and millimeter-scale in order to meet the increasing power demands of micro robotics and portable electronics. Our experimental demonstration lays the groundwork for developing a TPV microgenerator as a viable battery replacement.
Summary of stepwise logistic regression tests for dependence between Puf3 and Puf4 in Orbiliomycetes. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;We used stepwise logistic regression to find the most parsimonious model that effectively explains which mRNAs are conserved targets. We used the presence or absence of a Puf binding sequence (“Puf3 Motif” or “Puf4 motif”) to predict the outcome of being an ancestral Puf3 target (defined here as the intersection of Saccharomycotina Puf3 targets with Leotiomyceta Puf4 or Puf3 targets). The term "(Puf3 Motif x Puf4 Motif)" in model 3 represents a statistical interaction that accounts for a dependence between Puf3 and Puf4. Modeling was performed with the R function glm() with family = “binomial.” The accepted model is highlighted in bold for each species, which is model 2 (~Constant + Puf3 Motif + Puf4 Motif) in all three species.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;a&lt;/sup&gt; 0: ~ Constant, 1: ~ Constant + Puf3 Motif, 2: ~ Constant + Puf3 Motif + Puf4 Motif, 3: ~ Constant + Puf3 Motif + Puf4 Motif + (Puf3 Motif x Puf4 Motif)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;*** &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;* &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Summary of stepwise logistic regression tests for dependence between Puf3 and Puf4 in Orbiliomycetes.&lt;/p&gt;
O aprendizado da Química na concepção de professores e alunos do ensino médio: um estudo de caso (2015)

Tem por objetivo promover uma reflexão a respeito de alguns aspectos relativos ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem da Química desenvolvido em uma escola de ensino médio do Nordeste brasileiro. Para isso, um estudo de campo foi conduzido por meio da aplicação de questionários a professores e alunos dessa escola. Os resultados das análises das respostas às questões revelaram alguns aspectos desse processo que merecem uma profunda reflexão. O gostar dos conteúdos da disciplina, por parte dos alunos, depende sobremaneira do desempenho e da segurança que o professor apresenta quando da exploração do conteúdo nas suas aulas. As metodologias de ensino diferenciadas e não tradicionais conseguem ser melhores instrumentos de estímulo e de motivação ao aprendizado da Química. As formações inicial e continuada não adequadas do profissional professor ainda continuam a ser um dos grandes entraves para a melhoria de nossa educação. Por fim, destacamos a deficiência que os alunos apresentam em conhecimentos explorados em outras disciplinas, por exemplo, Língua Portuguesa.
A prospective case series evaluating use of an in-line air detection and purging system to reduce air burden during major surgery (2018)

Intravascular air embolism (AE) is a preventable but potentially catastrophic complication caused by intravenous tubing, trauma, and diagnostic and surgical procedures. The potentially fatal risks of arterial AE are well-known, and emerging evidence demonstrates impact of venous AEs on inflammatory response and coagulation factors. A novel FDA-approved in-line air detection and purging system was used to detect and remove air caused by administering a rapid fluid bolus during surgery. A prospective, randomized, case series was conducted. Subjects were observed using standard monitors, including transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in the operating room. After general anesthesia was induced, an introducer and pulmonary artery catheter was inserted in the right internal jugular to administer fluids and monitor cardiac pressures. Six patients undergoing cardiac surgery were studied. Each patient received four randomized fluid boluses: two with the in-line air purging device, two without. For each bolus, a bulb infuser was squeezed three times (10–15 mL) over 5 s. The TEE was positioned in the mid-esophageal right atrium (RA) to quantify peak air clearance, and images were video recorded throughout each bolus. Air was quantified using optical densitometry (OD) from images demonstrating maximal air in the RA. All subjects demonstrated significantly lower air burden when the air reduction device was used (p = 0.004), and the average time to clear 90% of air was also lower, 3.7 ± 1.2 s vs. 5.3 ± 1.3 s (p < 0.001). An air purging system reduced air burden from bolus administration and could consequently reduce the risk of harmful or fatal AEs during surgery.
Adsorptive uptake of water by semisolid secondary organic aerosols (2015)

Abstract Aerosol climate effects are intimately tied to interactions with water. Here we combine hygroscopicity measurements with direct observations about the phase of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles to show that water uptake by slightly oxygenated SOA is an adsorption‐dominated process under subsaturated conditions, where low solubility inhibits water uptake until the humidity is high enough for dissolution to occur. This reconciles reported discrepancies in previous hygroscopicity closure studies. We demonstrate that the difference in SOA hygroscopic behavior in subsaturated and supersaturated conditions can lead to an effect up to about 30% in the direct aerosol forcing—highlighting the need to implement correct descriptions of these processes in atmospheric models. Obtaining closure across the water saturation point is therefore a critical issue for accurate climate modeling.
Processamento e caracterizações de ligas Al-Ti-V-Zr-Nb e Al-Ti-V-Cr-Nb (ligas com elementos multiprincipais) para aplicação aeroespacial (2019)

Foram estudadas MPEAs com diferentes composições químicas, das famílias Al-Ti-V-Zr-Nb e Al-Ti-V-Cr-Nb, visando desenvolver uma liga com propriedades interessantes para aplicação aeroespacial. As ligas foram produzidas em um forno a arco laboratorial, sob atmosfera de argônio. As primeiras ligas caracterizadas foram da composição equimolar de ambas famílias, mas não apresentaram microestrutura com solução sólida monofásica depois do tratamento térmico de homogeneização (1200°C/24h). Após ajustes na composição química duas ligas foram consideradas promissoras na caracterização microestrutural, após homogeneização, BZr7 e BCr8. Para avaliar a estabilidade microestrutural ambas foram expostas a alta temperatura por longo período de tempo (700ºC/168h), e ambas apresentaram pequena fração de segunda fase após esta exposição térmica. A dureza da BZr7 e da BCr8, após exposição térmica, foi de 3,46 e 4,91 GPa, respectivamente. Ambas foram laminadas a 1000 °C, encapsuladas em tubo de aço inoxidável austenítico para evitar oxidação, mas apenas a BZr7 apresentou conformabilidade, sendo a BCr8 não utilizada nos testes subsequentes. A BZr7 exposta termicamente apresentou, na temperatura ambiente, tensão limite de escoamento, em compressão, de 1250 MPa. A tensão limite de escoamento se manteve alta em temperaturas elevadas, sendo 1080, 720 e 690 MPa nas temperaturas de 600, 700 e 800 °C, respectivamente. A massa específica é de 6,34 g/cm3, que originou tensões de escoamento específicas de 197,2 kPa.m3/kg na temperatura ambiente, e 170,3, 113,6 e 108,8 kPa.m3/kg nas temperaturas de 600, 700 e 800 °C, respectivamente, resultados bem melhores que das três ligas convencionais usadas como referência neste trabalho, Ti6Al4V, Ti&amp;beta;21s e Inconel 625. Além de boa resistência em compressão a liga apresentou boa ductilidade na temperatura ambiente (&amp;epsilon; = 38%). Apenas a MPEA refratária AlNbTiVZr0,5, publicada por Stepanov et al. (2015d) e Yurchenko et al. (2017), apresentou combinação simultânea de alta resistência e boa ductilidade acima da liga BZr7 na temperatura ambiente. Apesar dos bons resultados de propriedades mecânicas, a liga apresentou baixa resistência à oxidação, tornando necessário revestimento para aplicações a elevadas temperaturas.
Design of Ultra-Small Polarization Splitter Based on Silicon Wire Waveguides (2008)

We propose a novel design of ultra-small polarization splitter based on silicon wire waveguides. Numerical simulations show that a 12-μm-long polarization splitter with the extinction ratio better than −20 dB in entire C-band is achievable.
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)–regulated DNA methylation alters CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF)/cohesin binding and transcription at the BDNF locus (2010)

Cellular metabolism alters patterns of gene expression through a variety of mechanisms, including alterations in histone modifications and transcription factor activity. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent proteins such as poly(ADP ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuin deacetylases play important roles in this regulation, thus NAD provides a crucial link between metabolism and these cellular signaling processes. Here, we found that lowering NAD levels in mouse primary cortical neurons led to decreased activity-dependent BDNF expression. The altered BDNF transcription occurred independently of Sirt or Parp activities; instead, low NAD levels promoted increased DNA methylation of the activity-dependent BDNF promoter. Increased methylation at this promoter triggered the dissociation of the insulator protein CTCF as well as the accompanying cohesin from the BDNF locus. The loss of these proteins resulted in histone acetylation and methylation changes at this locus consistent with chromatin compaction and gene silencing. Because BDNF is critical for neuronal function, these results suggest that age- or nutrition-associated declines in NAD levels as well as deficits in cohesin function associated with disease modulate BDNF expression and could contribute to cognitive impairment.