gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uneven balance of power between hypothalamic peptidergic neurons in the control of feeding (2018)

Two classes of peptide-producing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) of the hypothalamus are known to exert opposing actions on feeding: the anorexigenic neurons that express proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and the orexigenic neurons that express agouti-related protein (AgRP) and neuropeptide Y (NPY). These neurons are thought to arise from a common embryonic progenitor, but our anatomical and functional understanding of the interplay of these two peptidergic systems that contribute to the control of feeding remains incomplete. The present study uses a combination of optogenetic stimulation with viral and transgenic approaches, coupled with neural activity mapping and brain transparency visualization to demonstrate the following: (<i>i</i>) selective activation of Arc POMC neurons inhibits food consumption rapidly in unsated animals; (<i>ii</i>) activation of Arc neurons arising from POMC-expressing progenitors, including POMC and a subset of AgRP neurons, triggers robust feeding behavior, even in the face of satiety signals from POMC neurons; (<i>iii</i>) the opposing effects on food intake are associated with distinct neuronal projection and activation patterns of adult hypothalamic POMC neurons versus Arc neurons derived from POMC-expressing lineages; and (<i>iv</i>) the increased food intake following the activation of orexigenic neurons derived from POMC-expressing progenitors engages an extensive neural network that involves the endogenous opioid system. Together, these findings shed further light on the dynamic balance between two peptidergic systems in the moment-to-moment regulation of feeding behavior.
Tunable mid-infrared wavelength converters for neodymium-doped lasers (2002)

In conclusion, optical parametric oscillators (OPO)s constructed with KTiOPO/sub 4/, undoped KTiOAsO/sub 4/ (KTA), and AgGaSe/sub 2/ crystals were investigated for their use as mid-IR wavelength converters for a 1.047 pm Nd:YLF master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA). The two stage OPO conversion produced excellent beam quality and moderate average powers due to only minor crystal absorptions at the pump, signal, and idler wavelengths in AgGaSe/sub 2/.
Growth-Controlled Broad Emission in Phase-Pure Two-Dimensional Hybrid Perovskite Films (2021)

Two-dimensional hybrid metal halide perovskites (2D perovskites) are attractive for light-emitting devices and other applications because their emission is tunable across the visible spectrum. The emission profile of 2D perovskites can be broadened via a variety of mechanisms and is further complicated by the presence of impurities. Here, the challenge of making phase-pure films in Ruddlesden–Popper phases [(A′)2(A)n−1BnX3n+1 structure] is overcome by using a single A/A′-site cation, ethylammonium (EA), whose optimal size also prohibits the formation of off-target phases. In the (EA)2(EA)n−1PbnBr3n+1 family, the low-energy, broad emission observed in bulk crystals is reduced in spin-cast, polycrystalline films. This decrease in broad emission, attributed to phonon-mediated processes, is correlated with the strain in polycrystalline films that is observed by X-ray scattering. Photothermal deflection spectroscopy shows that strain also increases the electronic disorder near the free exciton absorbance. Broad emission in films can be recovered by slowing growth kinetics, which removes the strain acquired from spin-casting and increases the domain size. These results help extend the utility of 2D perovskites by suggesting design rules for the growth of thin films with the targeted phase and emission.
Figure S1 from Gamma Secretase Inhibition by BMS-906024 Enhances Efficacy of Paclitaxel in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparison of Notch inhibition between the gamma secretase inhibitors BMS-906024 and RO4929097.&lt;/p&gt;
USPACOR: Universal sparsity-controlling outlier rejection (2011)

The recent upsurge of research toward compressive sampling and parsimonious signal representations hinges on signals being sparse, either naturally, or, after projecting them on a proper basis. The present paper introduces a neat link between sparsity and a fundamental aspect of statistical inference, namely that of robustness against outliers, even when the signals involved are not sparse. It is argued that controlling sparsity of model residuals leads to statistical learning algorithms that are computationally affordable and universally robust to outlier models. Analysis, comparisons, and corroborating simulations focus on robustifying linear regression, but succinct overview of other areas is provided to highlight universality of the novel framework.
Structural Basis for Interaction between the Ubp3 Deubiquitinating Enzyme and Its Bre5 Cofactor (2005)

The Bre5 protein is a cofactor for the deubiquitinating enzyme Ubp3, and it contains a nuclear transfer factor 2 (NTF2)-like protein recognition module that is essential for Ubp3 activity. In this study, we report the x-ray crystal structure of the Bre5 NTF2-like domain and show that it forms a homodimeric structure that is similar to other NTF2-like domains, except for the presence of an intermolecular disulfide bond in the crystals. Sedimentation equilibrium studies reveal that under non-reducing conditions, the Bre5 NTF2-like domain is exclusively dimeric, whereas a disulfide bond-deficient mutant undergoes a monomer-dimer equilibrium with a dissociation constant in the midnanomolar range, suggesting that dimer formation and possibly also disulfide bond formation may modulate Bre5 function in vivo. Using deletion analysis, we also identify a novel N-terminal domain of Ubp3 that is necessary and sufficient for interaction with Bre5 and use isothermal titration calorimetry to show that Bre5 and Ubp3 form a 2:1 complex, in contrast to other reported NTF2-like domain/protein interactions that form 1:1 complexes. Finally, we employ structure-based mutagenesis to map the Ubp3 binding surface of Bre5 to a region near the Bre5 dimer interface and show that this binding surface of Bre5 is important for Ubp3 function in vivo. Together, these studies provide novel insights into protein recognition by NTF2-like domains and provide a molecular scaffold for understanding how Ubp3 function is regulated by Bre5 cofactor binding.
4D dynamic imaging of the eye using ultrahigh speed SS-OCT (2013)

Recent advances in swept-source / Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) technology enable in vivo ultrahigh speed imaging, offering a promising technique for four-dimensional (4-D) imaging of the eye. Using an ultrahigh speed tunable vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) light source based SS-OCT prototype system, we performed imaging of human eye dynamics in four different imaging modes: 1) Pupillary reaction to light at 200,000 axial scans per second and 9 &mu;m resolution in tissue. 2) Anterior eye focusing dynamics at 100,000 axial scans per second and 9 &mu;m resolution in tissue. 3) Tear film break up at 50,000 axial scans per second and 19 &mu;m resolution in tissue. 4) Retinal blood flow at 800,000 axial scans per second and 12 &mu;m resolution in tissue. The combination of tunable ultrahigh speeds and long coherence length of the VCSEL along with the outstanding roll-off performance of SS-OCT makes this technology an ideal tool for time-resolved volumetric imaging of the eye. Visualization and quantitative analysis of 4-D OCT data can potentially provide insight to functional and structural changes in the eye during disease progression. Ultrahigh speed imaging using SS-OCT promises to enable novel 4-D visualization of realtime dynamic processes of the human eye. Furthermore, this non-invasive imaging technology is a promising tool for research to characterize and understand a variety of visual functions.
Automatically Harvesting and Ontologizing Semantic Relations (2008)

With the advent of the Web and the explosion of available textual data, it is key for modern natural language processing systems to access, represent and reason over large amounts of knowledge in semantic repositories. Separately, the knowledge representation and natural language processing communities have been developing representations/engines for reasoning over knowledge and algorithms for automatically harvesting knowledge from textual data, respectively. There is a pressing need for collaboration between the two communities to provide large-scale robust reasoning capabilities for knowledge rich applications like question answering. In this chapter, we propose one small step by presenting algorithms for harvesting semantic relations from text and then automatically linking the knowledge into existing semantic repositories. Experimental results show better than state of the art performance on both relation harvesting and ontologizing tasks.
An Analysis of Stiffened Vibration for Torsional Crystal Resonators and Its Application to Quartz Crystal (1997)

In this paper, stiffened vibration for torsional crystal resonators is discussed, and the obtained results are applied to quartz crystal. A relationship of stress vector T, strain vector S, electric displacement vector D, and electric field vector E is derived using the conditions of a bar, and torsional rigidity C t is obtained from the electrical condition. In particular, piezoelectric terms of quartz crystal have slight influence upon frequency constant, the first and second order temperature coefficients α, β.
Linear and non-linear adaptive noise cancelers (2002)

Viewing noise cancellation as an input/output identification problem, designs are developed using third-order statistics which are insensitive to corruption of the reference signal by additive Gaussian noise of unknown covariance. As a by-product of designing linear noise cancelers, a parametric time-delay estimation approach is readily available. Higher-order statistics can also be employed to design nonlinear cancelers of the discrete Volterra type, which maximize the output signal-to-noise ratio. Both the linear only and the linear-quadratic designs are derived in batch and adaptive form, the latter being implemented using recursive least-squares approaches. Simulation examples are given to illustrate the new cancelers and to compare them with conventional approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Figure S11 from Pharmacologic Properties and Preclinical Activity of Sasanlimab, A High-affinity Engineered Anti-Human PD-1 Antibody (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 11 shows sasanlimab binding to human and cynomolgus monkey Fcγ receptor and FcRn&lt;/p&gt;
Discontinuity minimization for omnidirectional video projections (2017)

Advances in display technologies both for head mounted devices and television panels demand resolution increase beyond 4K for source signal in virtual reality video streaming applications. This poses a problem of content delivery trough a bandwidth limited distribution networks. Considering a fact that source signal covers entire surrounding space investigation reviled that compression efficiency may fluctuate 40% in average depending on origin selection at the conversion stage from 3D space to 2D projection. Based on these knowledge the origin selection algorithm for video compression applications has been proposed. Using discontinuity entropy minimization function projection origin rotation may be defined to provide optimal compression results. Outcome of this research may be applied across various video compression solutions for omnidirectional content.
Orbital hybridization inRVO3perovskites: A high-pressure study (2009)

The $R{\text{VO}}_{3}$ perovskites undergo orbital ordering and orbital-flipping transitions as well as a spin ordering transition. However, the existing model of orbital ordering fails to explain the thermal conductivity, which remains poor and glassy in the orbitally ordered phase. The phonon thermal conductivity is restored only below a first-order orbital-flipping transition. Orbital ordering induces a specific lattice distortion, which makes uniaxial pressure suitable to distinguish and verify all possible orbital and spin orderings in orthorhombic $R{\text{VO}}_{3}$. We have made a systematic study of orbital/spin transitions in single-crystal samples of $R{\text{VO}}_{3}$ $(R=\text{Dy},\text{ }{\text{Y}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{La}}_{x})$ under uniaxial and hydrostatic pressure. Comparison of the uniaxial and hydrostatic pressure effects on the spin/orbital-flipping transition permits us to identify orbital fluctuations due to the hybridization of ${t}_{2}$ and $et$ orbitals in the type-$G$ orbitally ordered phase.
Feasibility report of image guided stereotactic body radiotherapy (IG-SBRT) with tomotherapy for early stage medically inoperable lung cancer using extreme hypofractionation (2006)

We report on the technical feasibility, dosimetric aspects, and daily image-guidance capability with megavoltage CT (MVCT) of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using helical tomotherapy for medically inoperable T1/2 N0 M0 non-small cell lung cancer. Nine patients underwent treatment planning with 4D-CT in a double vacuum based immobilization system to minimize tumor motion and to define a lesion-specific 4D-motion envelope. Patients received 60 Gy in 5 fractions within 10 days to a PTV defined by a motion envelope plus a 6 mm expansion for microscopic extension and setup error using tomotherapy, with daily pretreatment MVCT image guidance. The primary endpoint was technical feasibility. Secondary endpoints were defining the acute and sub-acute toxicities and tumor response. Forty three of 45 fractions were successfully delivered, with an average delivery time of 22 minutes. MVCT provided excellent tumor visualization for daily image guidance. No significant tumor regression was observed on MVCT in any patient during therapy. Median mean normalized total doses were: tumor 117 Gy10; residual lung 9 Gy3. Maximum fraction-size equivalent dose values were: esophagus 5 Gy39; cord 7 Gy36. No patient experienced > or = grade 2 pulmonary toxicity. 3 complete, 4 partial and 2 stable responses were observed, with <3 months median follow-up. The mean tumor regression is 72%. SBRT using tomotherapy proved to be feasible, safe and free of major technical limitations or acute toxicities. Daily pretreatment MVCT imaging allows for precise daily tumor targeting with the patient in the actual treatment position, and therefore provides for precise image guidance.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of 1‐Substituted 5‐Alkylthio‐ and 5‐Aryltetrazoles with Benzonitrilium N‐4‐Nitrophenylimide: Ring Transformations of 5‐ Alkylthiotetrazoles to 5‐Alkylthio‐1,2,4‐triazoles. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultrasmall Microfabricated Laser Cavities (2013)

Abstract : Established cavity designs for commercial semiconductor lasers are mostly based on Fabry-Perot etalons for edge or surface emission. Similar to the trend of miniaturization of integrated electronics, there is a quest to shrink the size of semiconductor lasers, in order to pack more devices on less material and in the hope of modifying the laser efficiency with control over spontaneous emission in tiny cavities. In this program, we have used microdisk, vertical-cavity and photonic crystal cavities to confine light into smaller and smaller volumes.
Internal dynamics of DNA probed by transient electric birefringence (1992)

Experiments on the field-free transient electric birefrigence decay of dilute solutions of monodisperse DNA fragments whose length L is much larger than the persistence length ${\mathit{L}}_{\mathit{p}}$ are reported. They reveal that the highly nonexponential decay is independent of L. We present a simple theoretical model which includes the internal rigidity of the polymer, explains the qualitative results of the measurements, and describes quantitatively the dynamics of long semiflexible polymers such as DNA, providing an accurate determination of the persistence length.
Sensitization to Pets and Pet Ownership Modify the Association Endotoxin with Asthma and Wheeze (2019)

OPS 08: Biological contaminants and respiratory health, Room 117, Floor 1, August 26, 2019, 4:30 PM - 5:30 PM Background: Pets are important sources of endotoxin. Exposure to endotoxin as well as exposure to dog and cat allergens have each been associated with asthma and wheeze. However, it has been difficult to separate the impact of these exposures and whether they interact with each other to affect respiratory outcomes. Methods: We examined whether exposure and sensitization to dog and cat influence the association of house dust endotoxin with asthma and wheeze in 6051 children and adults in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Exposure to pets was assessed using both pet ownership and pet allergens measured in bedroom dust. Endotoxin was quantified using the LAL assay. Allergic sensitization status was determined from serum levels of specific immunoglobulin-E. Administered questionnaires assessed current asthma and wheeze and associated morbidities. Results: The study confirmed the prevalence of dog (48.3%) and cat (37.5%) ownership and endotoxin concentration in dust was significantly greater in homes with pets. Exposure to endotoxin as well as exposure and sensitization to dog and cat allergens were each independently associated with a higher prevalence of current asthma and/or wheeze, especially in adults. The association of endotoxin with the respiratory outcomes was significantly altered by exposure to pet allergens and sensitization status. In participants not sensitized to dog, exposure to high levels of dog allergen enhanced the association of endotoxin with wheeze, while in participants sensitized to cat, exposure to high levels of cat allergen heightened the odds of current asthma associated with endotoxin. The concurrent exposure to high levels of both dog and cat allergens augmented the association of endotoxin with both current asthma and wheeze in the past 12 months. Conclusions: We conclude that measures to reduce the levels of endotoxin as well as dog and cat allergens may help prevent active asthma and wheeze.
Adaptive Edge Offloading for Image Classification Under Rate Limit (2022)

This article considers a setting where embedded devices are used to acquire and classify images. Because of limited computing capacity, embedded devices rely on a parsimonious classification model with uneven accuracy. When local classification is deemed inaccurate, devices can decide to offload the image to an edge server with a more accurate but resource-intensive model. Resource constraints, e.g., network bandwidth, however, require regulating such transmissions to avoid congestion and high latency. This article investigates this offloading problem when transmissions regulation is through a token bucket, a mechanism commonly used for such purposes. The goal is to devise a lightweight, online offloading policy that optimizes an application-specific metric (e.g., classification accuracy) under the constraints of the token bucket. This article develops a policy based on a deep <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -network (DQN), and demonstrates both its efficacy and the feasibility of its deployment on embedded devices. Of note is the fact that the policy can handle complex input patterns, including correlation in image arrivals and classification accuracy. The evaluation is carried out by performing image classification over a local testbed using synthetic traces generated from the ImageNet image classification benchmark. Implementation of this work is available at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/qiujiaming315/edgeml-dqn</uri> .
Firefly Luciferase Gene: Structure and Expression in Mammalian Cells (1987)

The nucleotide sequence of the luciferase gene from the firefly Photinus pyralis was determined from the analysis of cDNA and genomic clones. The gene contains six introns, all less than 60 bases in length. The 5' end of the luciferase mRNA was determined by both S1 nuclease analysis and primer extension. Although the luciferase cDNA clone lacked the six N-terminal codons of the open reading frame, we were able to reconstruct the equivalent of a full-length cDNA using the genomic clone as a source of the missing 5' sequence. The full-length, intronless luciferase gene was inserted into mammalian expression vectors and introduced into monkey (CV-1) cells in which enzymatically active firefly luciferase was transiently expressed. In addition, cell lines stably expressing firefly luciferase were isolated. Deleting a portion of the 5'-untranslated region of the luciferase gene removed an upstream initiation (AUG) codon and resulted in a twofold increase in the level of luciferase expression. The ability of the full-length luciferase gene to activate cryptic or enhancerless promoters was also greatly reduced or eliminated by this 5' deletion. Assaying the expression of luciferase provides a rapid and inexpensive method for monitoring promoter activity. Depending on the instrumentation employed to detect luciferase activity, we estimate this assay to be from 30- to 1,000-fold more sensitive than assaying chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression.
Secure and efficient linear algebra computation (2009)

In this dissertation, we study the design of secure and efficient protocols for distributed linear algebra problems. All existing solutions to the problem are either inefficient in terms of round and communication complexity and/or provide security against very weak adversaries. 
We design protocols for two different adversarial settings. (i) Computational: where the adversary's computational resources are bounded, but the adversary is allowed to corrupt all but one of the participants. (ii) Information theoretic: where the adversary is unconditionally powerful, but is only allowed to corrupt a third of the participants. The security in both cases is defined in the real world/ideal world simulation paradigm, where we assume that the adversary can behave arbitrarily malicious. 
Our main constructions are O(s) round protocols with O(sn2+1/s) communication for testing singularity of a shared n x n matrix, for any positive integer s, in both adversarial settings. We then use and extend these constructions to design secure protocols for computing the rank of a shared matrix and solving shared linear systems with similar efficiency. Our protocols are almost optimal in terms of round and communication complexity, as they roughly match the efficiency of the best possible protocols for the case where security is not a concern. 
We use a wide range of techniques from computer algebra to reduce the problem of securely deciding singularity to the problem of secure matrix multiplication. We then design new and efficient protocols for secure matrix multiplication in both adversarial environments. In the computational setting, and when there are only two parties, we apply cut-and-choose techniques to encrypted algebraic encodings of the inputs, outputs, and intermediate values in order to prevent malicious behavior. We achieve even better amortized efficiency when running multiple instances of the protocol, via use of share-packing techniques. When the number of parties is more that two, our construction relies on efficient instantiations of the inner and outer protocols in a recently introduced compiler by Ishai et al. [35]. In the information theoretic setting, our protocol takes advantage of a homomorphic commitment scheme to achieve the improved efficiency.