gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific Inhibition of Platelet Agglutination and Aggregation by Aromatic Amidino Compounds (1978)

A series of aromatic amidino compounds were investigated for their inhibitory effect on platelet agglutination and platelet aggregation. Agglutination of fresh or fixed platelets was produced by bovine plasma or by human plasma in combination with ristocetin, while aggregation of fresh platelets was induced by ADP, thrombin or collagen. Highly effective inhibitors were found for both types of platelet clumping, but there was no parralelism between the inhibitory activities in the two test system. 5-(5-amidino-2-benzimidazolyl)-2-(4-hydroxybenzene)benzimidazole suppressed agglutination exclusively. Pentamidine, on the other hand, strongly blocked the aggregation reaction, but did not interfere with agglutination, even at high concentrations. Compounds which inhibited aggregation also prevented the liberation of serotonin from the platelets.
High saturation power and high gain integrated photoreceivers (2005)

A novel monolithically integrated semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) receiver is presented. This receiver implements a flared SOA and tapered quantum-well detector. SOAs exhibited 22-dB unsaturated gain and 15.7-dBm output power at the 1-dB gain compression point while the receiver demonstrated 15-GHz bandwidth and -10.5-dBm sensitivity.
Dilemma of virulence of Streptococcus suis: Canadian isolate 89-1591 characterized as a virulent strain using a standardized experimental model in pigs. (2005)

Virulence of Streptococccus suis capsular type 2 strain 89-1591 has been controversial in literature. A standardized experimental model with specific-pathogen free piglets was used for a new evaluation of this strain. Twenty-nine piglets were allotted in 4 separated groups. Group 1 consisted of negative control animals which received broth medium. Groups 2, 3, and 4 were intravenously challenged with 2 mL of S. suis, strains 1330, 89-1591, and 166', respectively. The strain 1330 is a recognized avirulent Canadian strain. The strain 166' is a reference French virulent isolate. Pigs inoculated with strain 1330 did not present clinical signs of a S. suis infection. Contamination in organs and bacterial blood circulation were rare and lesions were almost non-existent. Infection of pigs with S. suis strain 89-1591 (group 3) and 166' (group 4) caused severe clinical problems, animals infected with S. suis 166' were the most affected. Pigs presented with clinical signs such as high body temperature, lameness, nervous symptoms, and even mortality. Lesions associated with S. suis were numerous for both strains, but more evident in animals of group 4. It can be concluded that S. suis strain 89-1591 is virulent, although its virulence seems to be lower than that of the French strain. Results of an experimental infection with strain 89-1591 may depend on different factors such as the route of inoculation and the immunological status of the animals used. Using conventional animals, with an unknown status regarding previous S. suis infections, equivocal results may be obtained, and this may explain differences reported by some authors with the same strain.
Oxidative pretreatment and biocatalytic valorization of lignocellulosic biomass (2016)

In this PhD thesis, several novel (catalytic) approaches for lignocellulose valorization have been developed, using either lignocellulose, lignin, or other relevant biomass-derived platform chemicals. In the first section, the oxidative delignification of lignocellulose – using enzymatically in situ formed peracid – was studied on different natural resources in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as solvent. Through that processing the formation of a yellowish lignin oil was observed, together with a delignified white polysaccharide fraction, which was highly accessible to cellulases to afford fermentable sugars. The characterization of the novel lignin oil revealed that during the delignification also a significant dearomatization of lignin took place. Thus, a novel dearomatized lignin-based material could be achieved.In a subsequent section of this PhD thesis only the lignin fraction of beech wood – obtained through the in-house developed OrganoCat pretreatment – instead of lignocellulose was used to study this more in-depth. This lignin was fully soluble in DMC, and consequently reactions could be conducted in a homogeneous reaction system, significantly accelerating the oxidative processing. The dearomatization of lignin in this homogeneous reaction system took also place without any catalyst. Herein, the degree of lignin dearomatization depended strongly on the oxidant concentration, and to a lesser extent on temperature. Taking advantage of this fact, a catalyst-free oxidative lignin dearomatization was developed yielding lignin products with different features, ranging from a solid dark brown powder to a yellowish lignin oil. Several attempts were conducted to elucidate the mechanism and the reactive species of this catalyst-free dearomatization, yet relevant aspects of the mechanism still remain elusive. In the last section, the lignin dearomatization was performed using a novel enzyme from Mycobacterium smegmatis, which catalyzes (trans)esterification in buffer under conditions where other hydrolases can only conduct hydrolysis. One of these reactions is perhydrolysis, thus forming the organic peracid in aqueous media, which is needed for dearomatization. However, the dearomatization in aqueous systems catalyzed by this enzyme turned out unsuccessful. Other synthetic reactions – like transesterification and MsAcT mediated oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and furfural respectively – were performed successfully. This opens several options for downstream processing, enantioselective (multistep) aqueous syntheses, and peracid-mediated epoxidations and oxidations.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers with Kinase Domain Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Are Sensitive to Ionizing Radiation (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers with Kinase Domain Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Are Sensitive to Ionizing Radiation
Preparation Strategies of the Anti-Mycobacterial Drug Bedaquiline for Intrapulmonary Routes of Administration (2023)

<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (<i>M.tb</i>) has infected one-quarter of the world's population and led to the deaths of 1.6 million individuals in 2021 according to estimates from the World Health Organization. The rise in prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant <i>M.tb</i> strains coupled with insufficient therapies to treat such strains has motivated the development of more effective treatments and/or delivery modalities. Bedaquiline, a diarylquinoline antimycobacterial agent, effectively targets mycobacterial ATP synthase but may lead to systemic complications upon oral delivery. Targeted delivery of bedaquiline to the lungs represents an alternative strategy to harness the sterilizing benefits of the drug against <i>M.tb</i> while mitigating off-target side effects. Two pulmonary delivery modalities were developed herein, including dry powder inhalation and liquid instillation. Despite bedaquiline's poor water solubility, spray drying was performed in predominantly aqueous conditions (≥80%) to avoid a closed-loop, inert system. Aerosols of spray-dried bedaquiline with L-leucine excipient outperformed spray-dried bedaquiline alone, demonstrating superior fine particle fraction metrics (~89% of the emitted dose below <5 µm), suitable for inhalation therapies. Furthermore, the use of a 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin excipient allowed a molecular dispersion of bedaquiline in an aqueous solution for liquid instillation. Both delivery modalities were successfully administered to Hartley guinea pigs for pharmacokinetic analysis and were well-tolerated by the animals. Intrapulmonary liquid delivery of bedaquiline led to adequate serum absorption and appropriate peak serum concentrations of the drug. The liquid formulation was superior in systemic uptake compared to the powder formulation. The predominant route via which <i>M.tb</i> bacilli enter the body is aerosol droplets that are deposited onto airway surfaces. For this reason, we believe that further studies should focus on inhalation or intrapulmonary therapies that target the site of entry and primary site of infection for <i>M.tb</i>.
Evaluation and outcome measures in the treatment of female urinary stress incontinence: International Urogynecological Association (IUGA) guidelines for research and clinical practice (2007)

Standard metabolic evaluation of renal function with measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea levels is recommended when renal impairment is suspected.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF DICHLOROKETENE TO SILYL ENOL ETHERS. SYNTHESIS OF FUNCTIONALIZED CYCLOBUTANONES. CYCLOADDITIONS. PART 24 (1978)

Abstract Trichloracetylchlorid (I) reagiert mit Zn‐Cu zum Keten (II), das mit den Enolsilylethern (III) zu den Addukten (IV) führt.
Scalable Synthesis of Manganese-Doped Hydrated Vanadium Oxide as a Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc-Metal Battery (2020)

Rechargeable aqueous zinc-metal batteries (ZMBs) are considered as potential energy storage devices for stationary applications. Despite the significant developments in recent years, the performance of ZMBs is still limited due to the lack of advanced cathode materials delivering high capacity and long cycle life. In this work, we report a low-temperature and scalable synthesis method following a surfactant-assisted route for preparing manganese-doped hydrated vanadium oxide (MnHVO-30) and its application as the cathode material for ZMB. The as-prepared material possesses a porous architecture and expanded interlayer spacing. Therefore, the MnHVO-30 cathode offers fast and reversible insertion of Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions during the charge/discharge process and delivers 341 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> capacity at 0.1 A g<sup>-1</sup>. Moreover, the MnHVO-30||Zn cell retains 82% of its initial capacity over 1200 stability cycles, which is higher compared to that of the undoped system. Besides, a quasi-solid-state home-made pouch cell with an area of 3.3 × 1.6 cm<sup>2</sup> and 3.6 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> loading is assembled, achieving 115 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> capacity over 100 stability cycles. Therefore, this work provides an easy and attractive way for preparing efficient cathode materials for aqueous ZMBs.
Sequential Use of Orthogonal Self‐Assembled Monolayers for Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Dielectric on Metal (2022)

Abstract Although there have been several demonstrations of area‐selective atomic layer deposition (AS‐ALD) of dielectric on dielectric in metal/dielectric patterns, the reverse process of selective dielectric on metal (DoM) is not as well developed due to the challenge of inhibiting only the dielectrics. Unavoidable native oxide formation on metals tends to lead to similar surface chemical properties between metal and dielectric substrates, decreasing the selectivity in inhibitor adsorption. Hence, to achieve DoM, preventing unwanted inhibitor adsorption on metals is critical. This study demonstrates a two‐step strategy of first applying a dodecanethiol (DDT) self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) on a Cu/SiO 2 pattern to protect the Cu surfaces from subsequent deposition of an octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) inhibitor, which then selectively forms an OTMS SAM on SiO 2 . It is further shown that by removing the DDT protector with thermal treatment before AS‐ALD, subsequent ALD growth on Cu is not affected while ALD remains blocked on the OTMS‐covered SiO 2 regions. Using this strategy, DoM is demonstrated with selectivity above 0.9 after 5.6 nm of ZnO and 1.5 nm of Al 2 O 3 ALD. This work presents a new approach to expand the material systems available to AS‐ALD which may help enable more applications in microelectronics, optoelectronics, and energy.
Phase diagram for two-dimensional layer of soft particles (2019)

The phase diagram of a monolayer of soft particles described by the Daoud-Cotton model for star polymers is presented. Ground state calculations and grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations are used to determine the phase behavior as a function of the number of arms on the star and the areal coverage of the soft particles. The phase diagram exhibits rich behavior including reentrant melting and freezing and solid-solid transitions with triangular, stripe, honeycomb and kagome phases. These structures in 2D are analogous to the structures observed in 3D. The evolution of the structure factor with density is qualitatively similar to that measured in experiments for polymer grafted nanocrystals [Chen et al., Macromolecules, 2017, 50, 9636].
The evolutionarily conserved long non‐coding RNA LINC00261 drives neuroendocrine prostate cancer proliferation and metastasis via distinct nuclear and cytoplasmic mechanisms (2021)

Metastatic neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a highly aggressive disease, whose incidence is rising. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a large family of disease- and tissue-specific transcripts, most of which are still functionally uncharacterized. Thus, we set out to identify the highly conserved lncRNAs that play a central role in NEPC pathogenesis. To this end, we performed transcriptomic analyses of donor-matched patient-derived xenograft models (PDXs) with immunohistologic features of prostate adenocarcinoma (AR<sup>+</sup> /PSA<sup>+</sup> ) or NEPC (AR<sup>-</sup> /SYN<sup>+</sup> /CHGA<sup>+</sup> ) and through differential expression analyses identified lncRNAs that were upregulated upon neuroendocrine transdifferentiation. These genes were prioritized for functional assessment based on the level of conservation in vertebrates. Here, LINC00261 emerged as the top gene with over 3229-fold upregulation in NEPC. Consistently, LINC00261 expression was significantly upregulated in NEPC specimens in multiple patient cohorts. Knockdown of LINC00261 in PC-3 cells dramatically attenuated its proliferative and metastatic abilities, which are explained by parallel downregulation of CBX2 and FOXA2 through distinct molecular mechanisms. In the cell cytoplasm, LINC00261 binds to and sequesters miR-8485 from targeting the CBX2 mRNA, while inside the nucleus, LINC00261 functions as a transcriptional scaffold to induce SMAD-driven expression of the FOXA2 gene. For the first time, these results demonstrate hyperactivation of the LINC00261-CBX2-FOXA2 axes in NEPC to drive proliferation and metastasis, and that LINC00261 may be utilized as a therapeutic target and a biomarker for this incurable disease.
Electrical Overstress (EOS) (2016)

With the introduction of electrical power systems, the telephone, and electronics, inventions such as circuit breakers and fuses became the first type of Electrical overstress (EOS) protection concepts to avoid overload of electronic systems. EOS test simulation is valuable part of understanding EOS failures. EOS failure mechanisms can occur from electrical overvoltage (EOV), electrical overcurrent (EOC), and electrical overpower (EOP). The goal of failure verification is to determine whether one can reproduce the failure. This chapter focuses on providing an understanding of the different classifications and types of EOS protection devices used today. It discusses specific EOS tests that are presently used for systems and for semiconductor chips, as well as growing interest in “long pulse transmission line pulse (TLP)” testing method that is having increased popularity to address EOS phenomena. The chapter also discusses the scanning methods for evaluation of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) sensitivity.
Theoretical and Experimental Studies of Hydrogen Bonded Dihydroxybenzene Isomers Polyurethane Adhesive Material (2022)

Hydrogen bonding in polyurethane (PU) is imposed by molecular parameters. In this study, the effect of structural isomerism of certain monomers on hydrogen bonding of waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) was studied theoretically and experimentally. Two dihydroxybenzene (DHB)-based structural isomers such as catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ), with different OH positions on the inner benzene core, had been used. Two series of WBPU dispersions were prepared using CC and HQ with defined contents. The binding energies between the catechol (CC)/hydroquinone (HQ) (respective OH group) and urethane/urea were calculated theoretically. By using a density functional theory (DFT) method, it was found that the largest binding energy between the urea and CC was higher than that of urea and HQ. The FT-IR analysis of synthesized polymer was also carried out to compare the results with the theoretical values. The CC-based polymers showed a stronger hydrogen bond both theoretically and experimentally than those for HQ-based polymers. The higher level of hydrogen bond was reflected in their properties of CC-based polymers. The adhesive strength, thermal stability, and hydrophobicity were higher for CC-based materials than those for HQ-based materials. The adhesive strength was increased 25% with the addition of 2.0 wt% CC content. This adhesive strength slightly deviated at a moderately high temperature of 80 °C.
A Biotic Game Design Project for Integrated Life Science and Engineering Education (2015)

Engaging, hands-on design experiences are key for formal and informal Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education. Robotic and video game design challenges have been particularly effective in stimulating student interest, but equivalent experiences for the life sciences are not as developed. Here we present the concept of a "biotic game design project" to motivate student learning at the interface of life sciences and device engineering (as part of a cornerstone bioengineering devices course). We provide all course material and also present efforts in adapting the project's complexity to serve other time frames, age groups, learning focuses, and budgets. Students self-reported that they found the biotic game project fun and motivating, resulting in increased effort. Hence this type of design project could generate excitement and educational impact similar to robotics and video games.
Assessment of Time Delays and Synchronization Errors in Real-time INS/GNSS Systems and its Impact on the Navigation Performance (2012)

In practical real-time integrated navigation systems that fuse data from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) such as the Global Positioning System (GPS) [1][3][4][5] and Inertial Navigation Systems (INS) [2][5], latencies (time delays) in inertial sensors or GNSS measurements may cause significant degradation of the navigation performance. These delays could be a significant contributor and source of errors in low-cost MEMS-based inertial sensors and GNSS receivers [8][9]. This is because the processed data in a real-time system doesn’t perfectly reflect current system dynamics. Instead, it represents the system dynamics a short period of time ago. Consequently, accurate analysis and assessment of such delays are of great importance in order to compensate for their effect in real-time system designs. Thus, this work introduces a software framework for simulating, analyzing and assessing the effects of time delays on an integrated INS/GPS navigation system. This framework depends on the emulation of real-time processing of a high-quality INS/GPS integrated navigation system. By saving the exact real-time sequence of INS sensors and GPS measurements processing steps of an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) in a loosely coupled embedded system, we were able to develop software tools that simulate different latencies in both INS and GPS to have a good sense of the effects of these latencies on the navigation performance in the lab without the need to perform too many time-consuming real-time tests. Different delays patterns were introduced and the effects of the latencies in different dynamic conditions were analyzed. Experiments on long trajectories with different GPS visibility conditions showed the efficiency of the developed tool to assess graphically and quantitatively the effect of such latencies.
Alternatively activated macrophage-derived RELM-α is a negative regulator of type 2 inflammation in the lung (2009)

Differentiation and recruitment of alternatively activated macrophages (AAMacs) are hallmarks of several inflammatory conditions associated with infection, allergy, diabetes, and cancer. AAMacs are defined by the expression of Arginase 1, chitinase-like molecules, and resistin-like molecule (RELM) alpha/FIZZ1; however, the influence of these molecules on the development, progression, or resolution of inflammatory diseases is unknown. We describe the generation of RELM-alpha-deficient (Retnla(-/-)) mice and use a model of T helper type 2 (Th2) cytokine-dependent lung inflammation to identify an immunoregulatory role for RELM-alpha. After challenge with Schistosoma mansoni (Sm) eggs, Retnla(-/-) mice developed exacerbated lung inflammation compared with their wild-type counterparts, characterized by excessive pulmonary vascularization, increased size of egg-induced granulomas, and elevated fibrosis. Associated with increased disease severity, Sm egg-challenged Retnla(-/-) mice exhibited elevated expression of pathogen-specific CD4(+) T cell-derived Th2 cytokines. Consistent with immunoregulatory properties, recombinant RELM-alpha could bind to macrophages and effector CD4(+) Th2 cells and inhibited Th2 cytokine production in a Bruton's tyrosine kinase-dependent manner. Additionally, Retnla(-/-) AAMacs promoted exaggerated antigen-specific Th2 cell differentiation. Collectively, these data identify a previously unrecognized role for AAMac-derived RELM-alpha in limiting the pathogenesis of Th2 cytokine-mediated pulmonary inflammation, in part through the regulation of CD4(+) T cell responses.
Cardiac Displacement with a Congenital Complete Left-Sided Pericardial Defect in a Patient with Exertional Angina Pectoris (2004)

A 71-year-old man with exertional chest pain was admitted to the hospital. A chest roentgenogram exhibited levoposition of the heart. An electrocardiogram showed clockwise rotation in the precordial leads and ST depression in V6, V7, V8, and V9 as well as in II, III, aVF leads associated with chest pain in a treadmill exercise test. The congenital complete left-sided pericardial defect could not be diagnosed preoperatively, but it was confirmed by thoracotomy.
Genomics serology to inform therapies and vaccines for arthritogenic alphaviruses (2021)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Synthesis and Solid‐State NMR Studies of P‐Vinylbenzylphosphonic Acid (2003)

P-Vinylbenzylphosphonic acid (2) was synthesized and crystallized in two phases A and B. The latter phase was easily converted into the former. Both phases were investigated by IR and solid-state (31)P and (1)H NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. The use of recently developed NMR methods has enabled us to increase the usually poor resolution of solid-state (1)H spectra. This gave additional insights on the proton environments. In particular, two dimensional 2D (1)H-(31)P heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) experiments, incorporating a Lee-Golburg homonuclear decoupling scheme, allowed description of the mixture of phase A and B.