gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Branched-Chain Amino Acid Administration Reduces Both Serotonin and Catecholamine Synthesis Rates in Rat Brain (2008)

Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) administration is thought to reduce "central fatigue" during exercise by reducing brain tryptophan (TRP) uptake & serotonin (5HT) synthesis (& neuronal release). However, this treatment may also reduce tyrosine (TYR) uptake into brain & catecholamine (CAM; dopamine & norepinephrine) synthesis/release, because (a) elevating blood BCAA levels retards TYR uptake into brain, just as it does TRP uptake, and (b) catecholamine (CAM) synthesis & neuronal release are linked to the supply of TYR, the CAM precursor. Reduced CAM synthesis/ release would be expected to promote fatigue. PURPOSE: To determine if oral BCAA administration to rats reduces TYR levels and catecholamine synthesis rate in brain. METHODS: Groups of 10 sedentary, fasting, adult male rats received vehicle or a mixture of BCAA, glutamine and arginine (BCAA dose = 268 mg/kg) by stomach tube (dose based on Smriga M et al., Nutritional Neuroscience 5: 189, 2002), followed 30 minutes later by m-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015, 100 mg/kg ip, an inhibitor of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase, to allow 5-hydroxytryptophan (5HTP) & dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) levels to accumulate). They were killed 30 minutes later, & blood & brain samples were collected. Blood & brain samples were assayed for TRP, TYR, the BCAA, 5HTP & DOPA by HPLC/electrochemical detection. 5HTP & DOPA accumulate linearly for 30 minutes after NSD-1015, and provide good in vivo indices of 5HT & CAM synthesis rates, respectively (Carlsson A et al., Naunyn Schmiedbergs Arch Pharmacol 303: 157, 1978). RESULTS: BCAA intubation markedly raised serum BCAA levels, & reduced brain levels of TRP (vehicle, 8.1 ± 0.6; BCAA, 4.1 ± 0.4 nmol/gram, mean ± sem, P < 0.01, t-test) and TYR (vehicle, 54.6 ± 1.4; BCAA, 28.4 ± 2.0 nmol/gram, P < 0.01). BCAA treatment also reduced both 5HT synthesis (vehicle, 90 ± 6; BCAA, 36 ± 2 ng/g, P < 0.01) & CAM synthesis (vehicle, 351 ± 35; BCAA, 219 ± 23 ng/g, P < 0.01) rates in brain. Similar results were obtained in exercising rats. CONCLUSIONS: Because CAM synthesis rate is linked to CAM release, BCAA may reduce neuronal CAM release in brain, as it does 5HT release. While reduced 5HT release may improve central fatigue, reduced CAM release should promote central fatigue. The addition of TYR to oral BCAA mixtures may prevent CAM reductions.
Enhanced association of mutant triosephosphate isomerase to red cell membranes and to brain microtubules (2000)

In a Hungarian family with triosephosphate isomerase (TPI; D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate keto-isomerase, EC 5.3.1.1) deficiency, two germ-line identical, but phenotypically differing compound heterozygote brothers (one of them with neurological disorder) have been identified with the same very low (<5%) TPI activity and 20- or 40-fold higher erythrocyte dihydroxyacetone phosphate levels as compared with normal controls. Our present studies with purified TPI and hemolysates revealed the binding of TPI, and the binding of human wild-type and mutant TPIs in hemolysate, to the red cell membrane, and the interference of binding with other hemolysate proteins. The binding of the mutant TPI is enhanced as compared with the wild-type enzyme. The increased binding is influenced by both the altered structure of the mutant and the changes in the red cell membrane. Compared with binding of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, the isomerase binding is much less sensitive to ionic strength or blocking of the N-terminal tail of the band-3 transmembrane protein. The binding of TPIs to the membrane decreases the isomerase activity, resulting in extremely high dihydroxyacetone phosphate levels in deficient cells. In cell-free brain extract, tubulin copolymerizes with TPI and with other cytosolic proteins forming highly decorated microtubules as shown by immunoblot analysis with anti-TPI antibody and by electron microscopic images. The efficacy order of TPI binding to microtubules is propositus > brother without neurological disorder > normal control. This distinct microcompartmentation of mutant proteins may be relevant in the development of the neurodegenerative process in TPI deficiency and in other, more common neurological diseases.
Waveform parametrisation in stroboscopic scanning electron microscopy (1988)

A method is proposed for processing IC waveforms acquired using the stroboscopic waveform mode. The waveforms are modelled using first-order exponentials and least-squares regression is used to fit the model to the measured waveform. The method is particularly suited to an automated EBT system. An error analysis is included which highlights the relationship between the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal being measured and the phase-shift increment and pulse duration of the beam-blanking unit.
Lower hybrid resonance heating in a hot electron plasma (1975)

Lower hybrid resonance heating of a hot electron plasma was studied both theoretically and experimentally. R.f. power was found to transfer primarily to the electrons, but when the electron absorption was decreased by increasing the electron temperature a small amount of ion heating occurred. The electron absorption characteristics are very similar to those for lower-off-resonance heating and were determined to be those of collisionless absorption in the low density region outside of the hybrid layer.
Ultra-thin SOI wafer technologies for 22/20nm CMOS or beyond (2010)

Ultra-thin SOI wafer technologies designed for 22/20nm CMOS are presented. It is stressed that planar, non-doped, and fully-depleted (FD) SOI structures are realistic options that not only solve various scaling issues, but also provide simplicity and flexibility in the device process and the circuit design. To realize 22/20nm planar FD-SOI CMOS, 300mm SOI wafer process by Smart Cut™ [1] has been optimized, focusing on the uniformity of Si film thickness, and adjusting thickness of buried oxide (BOX). It is shown that thickness variation of a 12nm-thick Si film can be controlled within +/- 2.5% for the whole wafer area. Also, buried-oxide (BOX) can be reduced down to 10nm while maintaining high bonding quality, which is expected to provide 22/20nm FD-SOI CMOS with additional advantages, such as improved short channel effect, multi-threshold voltages, and SOI-bulk hybrid structure. It is also shown that these technologies are extending planar CMOS roadmap beyond 22/20nm nodes.
08281 Abstracts Collection – Software Engineering for Trailor-made Data Management (2008)

From July 6th to July 11th, 2008, the Dagstuhl Seminar 08281 ``Software Engineering for Tailor-made Data Management'' was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general. Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available.
Ge–SiGe Quantum-Well Waveguide Photodetectors on Silicon for the Near-Infrared (2007)

We demonstrate near-infrared waveguide photodetectors using Ge-SiGe quantum wells epitaxially grown on a silicon substrate. The diodes exhibit a low dark current of 17.9 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 5-V reverse bias. The photodetectors are designed to work optimally at 1480 nm, where the external responsivity is 170 mA/W, which is mainly limited by the fiber-to-waveguide coupling loss. The 1480-nm wavelength matches the optimum wavelength for quantum-well electroabsorption modulators built on the same epitaxy, but these photodetectors also exhibit performance comparable to the demonstrated Ge-based detectors at longer wavelengths. At 1530 nm, we see open eye diagrams at 2.5-Gb/s operation and the external responsivity is as high as 66 mA/W. The technology is potentially integrable with the standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process and offers an efficient solution for on-chip optical interconnects.
Surface‐Engineered Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsules: Synthetic Vaccines Mimicking Microbial Structure and Function (2012)

Immunisierend: Hohle Kapseln, die aus Schichten von Dextransulfat und Poly-L-arginin bestehen und das Antigen Ovalbumin (orangefarbene Kreise) enthalten, wurden mit immunaktivierenden Oligonukleotiden (grün) funktionalisiert, die CpG-Motive enthalten, um eine hochwirksame Immunantwort gegen rekombinante Antigene hervorzurufen. Die Kapseln wurden in dendritische Zellen aufgenommen (siehe Bild) und wirkten in weiteren Experimenten immunaktivierend.
The Human Lung Cell Atlas: A High-Resolution Reference Map of the Human Lung in Health and Disease (2019)

Lung disease accounts for every sixth death globally. Profiling the molecular state of all lung cell types in health and disease is currently revolutionizing the identification of disease mechanisms and will aid the design of novel diagnostic and personalized therapeutic regimens. Recent progress in high-throughput techniques for single-cell genomic and transcriptomic analyses has opened up new possibilities to study individual cells within a tissue, classify these into cell types, and characterize variations in their molecular profiles as a function of genetics, environment, cell-cell interactions, developmental processes, aging, or disease. Integration of these cell state definitions with spatial information allows the in-depth molecular description of cellular neighborhoods and tissue microenvironments, including the tissue resident structural and immune cells, the tissue matrix, and the microbiome. The Human Cell Atlas consortium aims to characterize all cells in the healthy human body and has prioritized lung tissue as one of the flagship projects. Here, we present the rationale, the approach, and the expected impact of a Human Lung Cell Atlas.
Survey of plasma diagnostic techniques applicable to radiographic diodes (2004)

Plasmas are ubiquitous in the high-power electron beam diodes used for radiographic applications. In rod pinch and immersed B/sub z/ diodes they are found adjacent to the cathode and anode electrodes, and are suspected of affecting the diodes' impedance characteristics as well as the radiographic spot size. In paraxial diodes, preionized plasmas or beam-formed plasmas are also found in the gas focusing section. A common feature of the plasmas adjacent to the electrodes is that their densities can range from 10/sup I2/-10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/, and their velocity is on the order of I0/sup 7/ cm/s. Researchers from the Naval Research Laboratory have developed a high-sensitivity two-color interferometer that is presently being tested on Gamble Il for future use on the Sandia RITS accelerator operating with a B/sub z/ diode. This diagnostic is capable of resolving a line-integrated electron density of 2x10/sup 12/ cm/sup -2/, a density that might be capable of even observing the electron beam directly. This paper will present an overview of laser-based and spectroscopic diagnostics that could be used to measure plasmas found in radiographic diodes with spatial and temporal resolutions on the order of 1-5 mm and 5 ns, respectively. Plans for the use of this diagnostic on a preionized plasma cell of a paraxial diode on the Sandia RITS experiment will be discussed.
Fabrication of Patterned Arrays with Alternating Regions of Aluminum and Porous Aluminum Oxide (2004)

Fabrication of patterned anodic aluminum oxide arrays using a dense layer of barrier aluminum oxide as the anodization mask is described. This fabrication process includes patterning of the aluminum film with a photoresist and brief anodization at a high voltage. The photoresist is then removed and the aluminum film is again anodized at a low voltage to grow porous aluminum oxide. Using this procedure, we are able to fabricate anodic aluminum oxide arrays on silicon wafers consisting of alternating regions of porous aluminum oxide and aluminum metal perpendicular to the silicon substrate. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Instabilities of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction in a Taylor Vortex Flow Reactor with Constant Axial Flow. (1997)

Instabilities of the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction were investigated in a Taylor vortex flow reactor with constant axial flow regarded as a one-dimensional open reaction-diffusion system. The effective axial diffusion coefficient was used as one of the controlling parameters, and changed by varying the rotating speed of the inner cylinder. Effluent from an isothermal continuous stirred tank reactor was supplied as the feed into the test reactor so as to clearly specify the inlet condition of concentration oscillation. The feed rate was changed as another controlling parameter. Irregular disturbances appeared at low-concentrations of Ce4+ when the inlet condition was singly periodic oscillation, whereas no remarkable irregular oscillation could be found when the inlet condition was dynamical equilibrium. The spatio-temporal oscillation patterns were successfully described qualitatively by a numerical simulation based on the ‘Coupled Map Lattice’ method using an Oregonator reaction model. The numerical results also suggested that complex spatial and temporal behavior occurred under the inlet condition of singly periodic oscillation.
3-D Brain MRI Tissue Classification on FPGAs (2009)

Many automatic algorithms have been proposed for analyzing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data sets. With the increasingly large data sets being used in brain mapping, there has been a significant rise in the need for accelerating these algorithms. Partial volume estimation (PVE), a brain tissue classification algorithm for MRI, was implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based high performance reconfigurable computer using the Mitrion-C high-level language (HLL). This work develops on prior work in which we conducted initial studies on accelerating the prior information estimation algorithm. In this paper, we extend the work to include probability density estimation and present new results and additional analysis. We used several simulated and real human brain MR images to evaluate the accuracy and performance improvement of the proposed algorithm. The FPGA-based probability density estimation and prior information estimation implementation achieved an average speedup over an Itanium 2 CPU of 2.5 x and 9.4 x , respectively. The overall performance improvement of the FPGA-based PVE algorithm was 5.1 x with four FPGAs.
Thyroxine-dependent modulation of actin polymerization in cultured astrocytes. A novel, extranuclear action of thyroid hormone. (1990)

Actin depolymerization specifically blocks the rapid thyroid hormone-dependent inactivation of type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase. Thyroid hormone appears to regulate enzyme inactivation by modulating actin-mediated internalization of this plasma membrane-bound protein. In this study, we examined the interrelationships between thyroxine-dependent enzyme inactivation and the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in cultured astrocytes. Steady-state enzyme levels were inversely related to actin content in dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated astrocytes, and increases in filamentous actin resulted in progressively shorter enzyme half-lives without affecting enzyme synthesis. In the absence of thyroxine, filamentous actin decreased by approximately 40% and soluble actin correspondingly increased; thyroxine normalized filamentous actin levels without changing total cell actin. Thyroxine treatment for only 10 min resulted in an approximately 50% loss of enzyme and increased filamentous actin 2-fold. Neither cycloheximide nor actinomycin D affected the thyroxine-induced actin polymerization. Astrocytes grown without thyroxine also showed a disorganized actin cytoskeleton, and 10 nM thyroxine or 10 nM reverse triiodothyronine normalized the actin cytoskeleton appearance within 20 min; 10 nM 3,3',5-triiodothyronine had no effect. These data show that thyroxine modulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton in astrocytes and suggest that regulation of actin polymerization may contribute to thyroid hormone's influence on arborization, axonal transport, and cell-cell contact in the developing brain.
PAM-4 Signaling over VCSELs using 0.13μm CMOS (2005)

We present results for VCSEL based links operating PAM-4 signaling using a commercial 0.13μm CMOS technology. We perform a complete link analysis of the Bit Error Rate, Q factor, random and deterministic jitter by measuring waterfall curves versus margins in time and amplitude We demonstrate that VCSEL based PAM –4 can match or even improve performance over binary signaling under conditions of bandwidth limited 100meter multi-mode optical link at 5Gbps. We present the first sensitivity measurements for optical PAM-4 and compare it with binary signaling.
Long-term inhibitory effects of a novel anti-estrogen on the growth of ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 human breast cancer tumors in nude mice (1997)

The effects of the novel anti-estrogen EM-343 on the growth of 2 hormone-responsive human breast cancer tumors have been examined in athymic nude mice. At the low daily dose of 5 microg, EM-343 administered subcutaneously for 6 months completely blocked the stimulatory effect of endogenous estrogens on the growth of ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 tumors implanted in nude mice. In addition, uterine weight decreased by 60% while ovarian weight increased by 37%. Estrogen receptor (ER) levels measured by [3H]-labeled estrogen binding were markedly reduced (by 96%, 96% and 92%) in ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 tumors, and in the mouse uterus, respectively. Accompanying the decrease in ER, progesterone receptor levels were reduced by 79%, 87% and 76%, respectively, in the above-mentioned tissues following EM-343 treatment. Our data show the pure anti-estrogenic properties of EM-343 and its high potency as an inhibitor of growth of human ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 breast tumors in nude mice.
End-to-End Intent-Based Networking (2021)

To reap its full benefits, 5G must evolve into a scalable decentralized architecture by exploiting intelligence ubiquitously and securely across different technologies, network layers, and segments. In this article, we propose end-to-end and ubiquitous secure machine learning (ML)-powered intent-based networking (IBN). The IBN framework is aware of its state and context to autonomously take proactive actions for service assurance. It is integrated in a zero-touch control and orchestration framework featuring an ML function orchestrator to manage ML pipelines. The objective is to create an elastic and dynamic infrastructure supporting per-domain and end-to-end network and services operation. The solution is supported by a radio access network and forwarding plane, and a cloud/edge virtualization infrastructure with ML acceleration. The resulting framework supports application-level resilience and intelligence through replication and elasticity. An illustrative intelligent application use case is presented.
Thermoelectric transport enhancement of Te-rich bismuth antimony telluride (Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3+x) through controlled porosity (2020)

Alloys of Bi2Te3 and Sb2Te3 are the best performing p-type thermoelectrics near room temperature and have been the subject of extensive engineering efforts. Dramatic improvement is achieved by introducing defects that effectively scatter phonons and reduce thermal conductivity. Unfortunately, outstanding results are often difficult to reproduce as the process variables involved are difficult to control or possibly unknown. Here, a reproducible and controllable method of fabricating porous Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3+x is presented. While effective medium theory (EMT) predicts no benefit, improvements in the thermoelectric quality factor, B (which determines the maximum zT of a materials), were as high as 45% parallel to the pressing direction for a sample of roughly 20% porosity. The study of microstructural evolution with increasing porosity is facilitated by a combination of Scanning/Transmission Electron Microscopy (S/TEM) and Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD). This study reveals a statistically significant shift in the distribution of grain boundaries favoring lower energy twins, which coincides with an increase in the presence of stepped twin boundaries. This work demonstrates the potential benefits of careful grain boundary engineering and the need for further detailed studies of the dependence of thermal and electrical transport on grain boundary structure and orientation in these alloys.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Genetic Manipulation of Homologous Recombination <i>In Vivo</i> Attenuates Intestinal Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. qPCR discriminates between mice hemizygous and homozygous for the BLM-Tg.&lt;/p&gt;
Reflections on Sixty Years of Solid State Chemistry (2011)

Abstract In celebration of Rudolf Hoppe's 90th birthday, three developments in solid state chemistry that have occurred over his tenure are personally recalled: (1) The recognition that long‐range orbital order‐disorder transitions introduce cooperative electron‐lattice interactions has (a) accounted for numerous phase transitions in solids, (b) led to formulation of the rules for the sign, ferromagnetic vs. antiferromagnetic, of interatomic spin‐spin interactions, and (c) provides a rationale for single‐ion magnetostriction and magnetocrystalline anisotropy in transition‐metal compounds. Moreover, the further recognition that short‐range cooperative orbital ordering extends to temperatures well above the long‐range orbital ordering temperature or critical concentration of orbitally degenerate cations has (a) led to the introduction of chemical inhomogeneties into a single crystallographic phase to achieve a technical objective and (b) consideration of their role in determining the sign of spin‐spin interactions in a paramagnetic phase containing orbital fluctuations. (2) Exploration of the transition from localized to itinerant 3d‐electron behavior in transition‐metal oxides showed it to be first‐order, which has allowed interpretation of (a) charge‐density waves in single‐valent systems and (b) dynamic phase segregations in mixed‐valent systems to be manifestations of a different type of long‐range vs. short‐range cooperative electron‐lattice coupling. (3) The study of Li‐insertion chemistry has led (a) to Li‐ion rechargeable batteries, (b) an appreciation of the influence of counter cations in solids on d ‐electron redox energies, and (c) the concept of Fermi energy pinning and its consequences as the energy of a d‐ electron couple in a transition‐metal compound descends across the top of the anion‐ p bands.