gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Word Sense Disambiguation via PropStore and OntoNotes for Event Mention Detection (2015)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) of verbs that can be applied directly in the event mention detection task to classify event types. By using the PropStore, a database of relations between words, our approach disambiguates senses of verbs by utilizing the information of verbs that appear in similar syntactic contexts. Importantly, the resource our approach requires is only a word sense dictionary, without any annotated sentences or structures and relations between different senses (as in WordNet). Our approach can be extended to disambiguate senses of words for parts of speech besides verbs.
New Preorganized γ-Amino Acids as Foldamer Building Blocks (2012)

An asymmetric synthesis of two new diastereomeric γ-amino acids is described. Both molecules contain a cyclohexyl ring to limit conformational flexibility about the Cα-Cβ bond; they differ in having cis vs trans stereochemistry on the ring. Residues derived from the cis γ isomer are shown to support helical secondary structures in α/γ-peptide oligomers.
Deletion of the mechanistic‐target‐of‐rapamycin (mTOR) from collecting duct principal associated with increased ubiquitinylation of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) (2020)

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), a serine‐threonine‐specific kinase, is a cellular energy sensor, integrating growth factor and nutrient signaling. In the renal collecting duct (CD) or in related cell cultures, mTOR has been demonstrated to upregulate activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC). Our aim was to determine the impact of CD‐principal‐cell‐select mTOR deletion on the adaptations to changes in dietary sodium and elucidate ENaC regulation. Male and female CD‐PC mTOR KO mice and wild‐type (WT) littermates were generated by Cre‐lox recombination using aquaporin‐2 (AQP2) promoter to drive Cre‐recombinase. KO mice had 20–40% reduced protein levels of all three subunits of ENaC under low‐ (0.5% Na+, LSD) or normal‐NaCl (&lt; 0.02% Na+, NSD). Switching from NSD to LSD resulted in transiently increased urine sodium losses (day 1) in the KO, with adaptation by day 2. Likewise, KO were significantly impaired (20% less Na+ excretion) on day 1 in transitioning from NSD to high‐NaCl (4%) diet. Under NSD, an in vivo acute test of benzamil‐sensitivity supported reduced (~30%) ENaC activity in the KO; however, 24‐hour urine collection after dietary BNZ (5 mg kg·bw) showed increased Na+ losses in the KO. No genotype differences in blood pressure (BP, tail cuff) were observed under NSD; however, LSD surprisingly increased BP in WT, but not KO. Apical targeting of ENaC subunits with LSD appeared intact (after 7‐days of LSD). To interrogate the mechanisms for reduced ENaC subunit protein levels, an ubiquitination ELISA assay was conducted on cortex homogenates probing for ubiquitinated a‐ENaC. KO mice demonstrated 50–100% higher density for immunoprecipitated ubiquitin probed for a‐ENaC, as compared to WT mice in both males and females. Our data support a role for mTOR in ENaC activity and sodium homeostasis potentially via regulation of ENaC subunit turnover. Support or Funding Information BGRO Georgetown University and Marriott Cardiovascular Foundation (CE); American Diabetes Association (MF); Department of Biochemistry, GU (AB) ENaC was localized to the apical membrane in both WT and KO mice with low‐NaCl feeding. Figure 1 Increased ubiquitination of alpha‐ENaC in CD‐principal cell targeted mTOR KO mice Figure 2
Identification and partial characterization of a low-molecular-weight inhibitor of leukotaxis from fibrosarcoma cells. (1984)

Lysate from T-241 murine fibrosarcoma cells contains a low-molecular-weight (Mr less than 1000), heat-stable peptide factor which has antichemotactic activity for both macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro. The tumor factor was partially purified from an alcohol extract of the fibrosarcomas by gel filtration, anion exchange chromatography, and paper chromatography successively. This factor inhibits both the hydrolytic cleavage of the peptide attractant N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and the methylation of both protein carboxyl groups and membrane phospholipids. Furthermore, the factor does not appear to compete with N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine for its receptor. The tumor-derived material, therefore, affects biochemical reactions believed to have roles in the expression of an adequate leukotactic response. These data suggest that depressed inflammatory responses at sites of neoplasms may result in part from release of small, potent inhibitors of leukotaxis from tumors themselves.
Design of Low Complexity Robust Broadband Beamformers with Least Squared Performance Criterion (2012)

This paper investigates the design of low complexity, non-robust and robust broadband beamformers with least squared criterion. An iterative algorithm is proposed to reduce the number of non-zero coefficients in both the non-robust and robust beamformers to reduce the computational complexity. Design examples show that the number of nonzero coefficients for the beamformers can be significantly reduced without a significant degradation in the integral squared error. In addition, the robust beamformer is less sensitive to non-zero coefficient reduction than the non-robust beamformer. In particular, the number of non-zero coefficients for the robust beamformer can be reduced by up to 74% with only a small reduction of 1.34dB in the integral squared error.
Management of 3rd and 4th Degree Perineal Tears after Vaginal Birth. German Guideline of the German Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics (AWMF Registry No. 015/079, October 2014) (2015)

Homepage http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/015-079.html Date of publication 02.10.2014 Next assessment planned 02.10.2017 Declarations of conflicts of interest available on the AWMF homepage under: http://www.awmf.org/leitlinien/detail/ll/015-079.html Participating professional societies and organisations: German Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe [DGGG] e. V.) (responsible) Scientific and Medical Professional Societies (Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften e. V. [AWMF]) Consortium for Urogynaecology and Plastic Pelvic Floor Reconstruction (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Urogynäkologie und plastische Beckenbodenrekonstruktion AGUB) Austrian Urogynecology Working Group (Österreichische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Urogynäkologie und Rekonstruktive Beckenbodenchirurgie [AUB]) German Society for Midwife Science (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Hebammenwissenschaft) Consortium for Materno-Foetal Medicine (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für materno-fetale Medizin e. V. [AGMFM]) Consortium for Medical Rights of the DGGG (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Medizinrecht der DGGG [AGMedR]) Consortium for Hypetension in Pregnancy/Gestosis (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Schwangerschaftshochdruck/Gestose e. V.) German Society for Prenatal and Neonatal Medicine (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pränatal- und Geburtsmedizin] Surgical Consortium for Coloproctology in Germany (Chirurgische Arbeitsgemeinschaft Coloproktologie Deutschland [CACP]) German Society for Coloproctology (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Koloproktologie [DGK]) Swiss Consortium for Urogynaecology and Pelvic Floor Pathology (Schweizerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Urogynäkologie und Beckenbodenpathologie [AUG]) Consortium for Coloproctology in Austria (Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Coloproktologie Österreich [ACP]) Austrian Society for Gynaecology and Obstetrics (Österreichische Gesellschaft für Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe [OEGGG])
Apitherapeutics and phage-loaded Nanofibers As Wound Dressings With Enhanced Wound Healing and Antibacterial Activity (2017)

The developed biocompatible nanofibers represent competitive wound-healing dressings with potent antibacterial and wound-healing activity.
Frequency comparison of optical lattice clocks (2011)

We demonstrate the frequency comparison of two optical lattice clocks at the relative stabilities close to the quantum projection noise (QPN) limit of optical lattice clocks. This stable frequency comparison is accomplished by synchronous interrogations of two clocks by a common probe laser, which allows us to cancel out the probe laser's frequency noise. We perform the frequency comparison of a one-dimensional (1D) optical lattice clock with spin-polarized fermions <sup>87</sup>Sr and a three-dimensional (3D) optical lattice clock with unity-occupation bosons <sup>88</sup>Sr and achieve the Allan standard deviation of &sigma;<sub>&gamma;</sub>(&tau;)=4&times;10<sup>-16</sup> &tau;<sup>-1/2</sup>, which corresponds to the QPN limited stability for <i>N</i>=1,000 atoms and the spectrum linewidth &gamma;=8 Hz. The relative stability reaches 1&times;10<sup>-17</sup> with an averaging time of 1,600 s. Finally, we discuss the prospects to realize 10<sup>-18</sup> fractional inaccuracies and the possible application of frequency comparison with synchronous interrogations to remote clocks' comparison for relativistic geodesy.
Optical and microstructural properties versus indium content in InxGa1−xN films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (2010)

We present comparative investigations of single phase InxGa1−xN alloys for a varying In content (x=0.07 to 0.14) grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. While the composition was determined using secondary ion mass spectroscopy, we have investigated the microstructures in InxGa1−xN/GaN films by using transmission electron microscopy and correlated these with the refractive index of the material. Based on ellipsometric analysis of the films, the dispersion of optical indices for InxGa1−xN films is determined by using Tauc–Lorentz dispersion equations.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Antigen Shedding May Improve Efficiencies for Delivery of Antibody-Based Anticancer Agents in Solid Tumors (2023)

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CA-STORAGE: TECHNOLOGY, APPLICATION AND RESEARCH. STATE OF THE ART IN THE NETHERLANDS (2003)

CA-technology in the Netherlands is used mostly for storage of apples and pears; main varieties for apples are Elstar and Jonagold. The main pear variety Conference is stored in CA after a specific delay time to prevent the pears from getting internal defects. For a wide range of produce (e.g. flower bulbs, strawberry-plants, cabbage, red currants etc.) a growing interest is noticeable in application of CA-storage. Storage conditions always are a balance between the required quality demands and prevention of physiological disorders. In the Netherlands ATO and Applied Plant Research (PPO) are leading Institutes for the recommendations of optimal storage conditions, procedures and facilitate practical implementation of new storage techniques. The state of the art of CA-storage with emphasis on delayed CA-application, centralised scrubber systems, ethylene management techniques, measurement and control of defrosting water will be described. Further, future developments such as Dynamic Control System will be discussed in relation with biological variation, new storage conditions, disorders, scale-up effects and interactions. Elements like technical feasibility of DCS and adaptation of products to CA-conditions in relation with chain-perspectives are current and future challenges will be discussed
Relationship Between Opacity of Transformed E. coli Colonies and Over-Expression of the Recombinant Transcript (1997)

Following transformation with recombinant plasmid clones, E. coli BL21(DE3) often produced extremely opaque colonies on a standard semisolid agar plate, as compared with the translucent colonies produced by normal, untransformed bacteria A standard BL21(DE3) culture consisted of two kinds of cells one kind produced translucent colonies and the other produced opaque colonies upon transformation by recombinant plasmids. The translucent-generating phenotype often switched to the opaque-generating phenotype, which was irreversible. Opacity in the BL21(DE3) background was correlated to a higher preinduced level of T7 RNA polymerase, presumably through a stable and inheritable genetic change. In all E. coli strains tested, a robust transcription of the recombinant gene from the plasmid clone was found to be an essential prerequisite for every high opacity; translation of the RNA was not required. The degree of opacity was also determined by the nature of the insert in a given strain background. Colony, opacity generally, but not invariably, correlated with a smaller colony size on semisolid agar and a reduced growth rate in liquid culture.
Energy considerations during the growth of a molten filament in metal-to-metal amorphous-silicon antifuses (1998)

A model for the growth of a conducting filament in metal-to-metal amorphous-silicon antifuses is presented. The transition from a high-resistance state to a low-resistance one is initiated by the formation of a localized hot spot. The growth of the filament occurs by melting the surrounding amorphous silicon. The latent heat required for filament growth is provided by the power dissipation in the melt. As the filament grows, power dissipation drops rapidly and the growth slows. For a given set of programming conditions and at a certain value of the melt radius, the power dissipation in the filament is no longer sufficient to provide the energy needed for the growth process. This condition leads to ending the filament growth. The thermal model presented here predicts several characteristics of the ON state, such as the dependence of the final filament radius rfil on the programming voltage Vpp and the series resistance Rser. It also predicts that the ON resistance is inversely related to the programming voltage Vpp. The model predictions agree with experimental results.
A model predicting delivery of saquinavir in nanoparticles to human monocyte/macrophage (Mo/Mac) cells (2008)

Modeling the influence of a technology such as nanoparticle systems on drug delivery is beneficial in rational formulation design. While there are many studies showing drug delivery enhancement by nanoparticles, the literature provides little guidance regarding when nanoparticles are useful for delivery of a given drug. A model was developed predicting intracellular drug concentration in cultured cells dosed with nanoparticles. The model considered drug release from nanoparticles as well as drug and nanoparticle uptake by the cells as the key system processes. Mathematical expressions for these key processes were determined using experiments in which each process occurred in isolation. In these experiments, intracellular delivery of saquinavir, a low solubility drug dosed as a formulation of poly(ethylene oxide)-modified poly(epsilon- caprolactone) (PEO-PCL) nanoparticles, was studied in THP-1 human monocyte/macrophage (Mo/Mac) cells. The model accurately predicted the enhancement in intracellular concentration when drug was administered in nanoparticles compared to aqueous solution. This simple model highlights the importance of relative kinetics of nanoparticle uptake and drug release in determining overall enhancement of intracellular drug concentration when dosing with nanoparticles.
Performance Analysis of Maximal Ratio Combining of Spatially Filtered Signals (2007)

Using multiple receive antennas, some uncorrelated versions of the transmitted signal can be gathered and combined to enhance the system performance. In this case, receive antennas are apart enough to ensure statistically uncorrelated receptions. Whereas, the performance improvement using beamforming antennas usually requires small antenna spacing so that the signals received at from all antennas should be correlated and coherent. This paper discovers and verifies the fact that both beamforming and diversity gains can be simultaneously obtained using array antenna composed of antenna elements linearly spaced out half-wavelength.
Electron microscopy and positron investigations of plastically deformed GaAs (1993)

The defect spectrum in plastically deformed GaAs is investigated by positron lifetime measurements and transmission electron microscopy. Different types of defects such as shallow positron traps, impurity-vacancy complexes, vacancy clusters, and dislocation-related defects are identified. The nature of these defects is analyzed and the relation between dislocation movement and relaxation to point defects is studied. Mittels Positronenlebensdauermessungen und Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie wird das Defektspektrum in plastisch verformtem GaAs untersucht. Es werden verschiedene Baufehlertypen, wie flache Positronenfallen, Komplexe von Störstellen und Leerstellen, Leerstellenagglomerate und versetzungskorrelierte Defekte identifiziert. Der Charakter dieser Defekte wird analysiert und die Beziehung zwischen Versetzungsbewegung und -relaxation zu Punktdefekten studiert.
Hybrid sensing and communication fiber optic multicomputer networks for smart structure applications (1992)

The authors discuss the use of multicomputers in smart structures and proposes hybrid sensing and communication on a single optical fiber as a method for allowing multiple processing nodes within a smart structure to collect, process, and transmit sensor data and control information. A hybrid sensing and communication network that uses the MIL-STD-1773 communication protocol and intensity-based sensing has been designed, implemented, and tested. Signal-to-noise ratios of 30 dB have been observed for the sensing mechanism, and the bit error rate of the communication channel was not noticeably affected by the sensing activity.
Immunogenicity and in vivo protective effects of recombinant nucleocapsid-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccine Convacell® (2023)

Background The vast majority of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines which are licensed or under development focus on the spike (S) protein and its receptor binding domain (RBD). However, S and RBD from SARS-CoV-2 variants of concerns show considerable sequence variations and repeated injections for boosting specific immunity are necessary. Aim of this study was to develop and characterize a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine targeting the highly conserved nucleocapsid (N) protein. Methods Recombinant N protein was expressed in Escherichia coli , purified to homogeneity by chromatography and characterized by SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting, mass spectrometry, dynamic light scattering and differential scanning calorimetry. The N protein vaccine was obtained by formulation of recombinant N as squalane-based emulsion and used to immunize Balb/c mice, NOD scid gamma (NSG) mice engrafted with human PBMC, rabbits and marmoset monkeys to study safety as well as antibody and cellular immunity using ELISA for antibodies, measurement of N-specific Th1 and Th2 cytokine secretion and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) dilution assays for CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. The protective effect of the vaccine was studied in SARS-CoV-2-infected Syrian hamsters. Results Immunization of mice, rabbits and Syrian hamsters with the recombinant N protein-based vaccine formulated as squalane-based emulsion (Convacell®) induced sustainable N-specific IgG responses and a N-specific mixed Th1/Th2 cytokine response. In marmoset monkeys a N-specific CD4 as well as CD8 T cell response was observed. Vaccinated and then infected Syrian hamsters showed reduced lung histopathology, reduced virus was detected in lung tissue, lung weight relative to the body was not increased after challenge and body weight was regained faster than in non-vaccinated animals. Repeated dose toxicity studies in mice and rabbits showed that Convacell® was well tolerated and safe. Conclusions Convacell® induced a SARS-CoV-2-specific protective immune response in Syrian hamsters. It is a new vaccine targeting the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 and thus may augment the armamentarium of vaccines for COVID-19.
High-throughput screening of microchip-synthesized genes in programmable double-emulsion droplets (2017)

The rapid advances in synthetic biology and biotechnology are increasingly demanding high-throughput screening technology, such as screening of the functionalities of synthetic genes for optimization of protein expression. Compartmentalization of single cells in water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion droplets allows screening of a vast number of individualized assays, and recent advances in automated microfluidic devices further help realize the potential of droplet technology for high-throughput screening. However these single-emulsion droplets are incompatible with aqueous phase analysis and the inner droplet environment cannot easily communicate with the external phase. We present a high-throughput, miniaturized screening platform for microchip-synthesized genes using microfluidics-generated water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) double emulsion (DE) droplets that overcome these limitations. Synthetic gene variants of fluorescent proteins are synthesized with a custom-built microarray inkjet synthesizer, which are then screened for expression in Escherichia coli (E. coli) cells. Bacteria bearing individual fluorescent gene variants are encapsulated as single cells into DE droplets where fluorescence signals are enhanced by 100 times within 24 h of proliferation. Enrichment of functionally-correct genes by employing an error correction method is demonstrated by screening DE droplets containing fluorescent clones of bacteria with the red fluorescent protein (rfp) gene. Permeation of isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) through the thin oil layer from the external solution initiates target gene expression. The induced expression of the synthetic fluorescent proteins from at least ∼100 bacteria per droplet generates detectable fluorescence signals to enable fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) of the intact droplets. This technology obviates time- and labor-intensive cell culture typically required in conventional bulk experiment.
A Chronic Illness Characterized by Fatigue, Neurologic and Immunologic Disorders, and Active Human Herpesvirus Type 6 Infection (1992)

Neurologic symptoms, MRI findings, and lymphocyte phenotyping studies suggest that the patients may have been experiencing a chronic, immunologically mediated inflammatory process of the central nervous system. The active replication of HHV-6 most likely represents reactivation of latent infection, perhaps due to immunologic dysfunction. Our study did not directly address whether HHV-6, a lymphotropic and gliotropic virus, plays a role in producing the symptoms or the immunologic and neurologic dysfunction seen in this illness. Whether the findings in our patients, who came from a relatively small geographic area, will be generalizable to other patients with a similar syndrome remains to be seen.
Reactive polymer enables efficient in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry (2012)

There has been intense interest in the development of selective bioorthogonal reactions or "click" chemistry that can proceed in live animals. Until now however, most reactions still require vast surpluses of reactants because of steep temporal and spatial concentration gradients. Using computational modeling and design of pharmacokinetically optimized reactants, we have developed a predictable method for efficient in vivo click reactions. Specifically, we show that polymer modified tetrazines (PMT) are a key enabler for in vivo bioorthogonal chemistry based on the very fast and catalyst-free [4 + 2] tetrazine/trans-cyclooctene cycloaddition. Using fluorescent PMT for cellular resolution and (18)F labeled PMT for whole animal imaging, we show that cancer cell epitopes can be easily reacted in vivo. This generic strategy should help guide the design of future chemistries and find widespread use for different in vivo bioorthogonal applications, particularly in the biomedical sciences.