gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Apoptosis Induction of Human Prostate Carcinoma DU145 Cells by Diallyl Disulfide via Modulation of JNK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways (2012)

Diallyl disulfide (DADS), a sulfur compound derived from garlic, has various biological properties, such as anticancer, antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanisms of action underlying the compound's anticancer activity have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the apoptotic effects of DADS were investigated in DU145 human prostate carcinoma cells. Our results showed that DADS markedly inhibited the growth of the DU145 cells by induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis was accompanied by modulation of Bcl-2 and inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family proteins, depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, &#916;&#936;m) and proteolytic activation of caspases. We also found that the expression of death-receptor 4 (DR4) and Fas ligand (FasL) proteins was increased and that the level of intact Bid proteins was down-regulated by DADS. Moreover, treatment with DADS induced phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular-signal regulating kinase (ERK), p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). A specific JNK inhibitor, SP600125, significantly blocked DADS-induced-apoptosis, whereas inhibitors of the ERK (PD98059) and p38 MAPK (SB203580) had no effect. The induction of apoptosis was also accompanied by inactivation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and the PI3K inhibitor LY29004 significantly increased DADS-induced cell death. These findings provide evidence demonstrating that the proapoptotic effect of DADS is mediated through the activation of JNK and the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in DU145 cells.
Fault-tolerant permanent magnet machines: a review (2011)

Synchronous permanent magnet (PM) machines have been gaining a lot of interest over the years. This is due to their several advantages including high power density, high efficiency and high reliability. One of the key concerns about PM machines especially in safety-critical applications (such as the more-electric aircraft) has been the issue of fault-tolerance since the machine cannot be de-excited. A lot of work has been done both on the machine side as well as the power converter side (including power converter configuration and remedial control strategies). This study will provide a thorough review and summary of what has been covered in literature up-to-date. The study will highlight the tradeoffs (including weight, cost and reliability) involved in the various proposed methods and strategies with more emphasis on the machine side. The methods discussed in this study include active control methods form converter side, memory motors, doubly-salient and flux-switching machines, use of auxiliary windings, mechanical flux-weakening methods, use of shunts and shields, thermal protection and transverse flux machines. The study will also include some comments about where the research in this area is heading in the future.
Cellulose Fibers, Regenerated (2003)

Abstract Fibers manufactured from cellulose are either derivative or regenerated; historically they are designated man‐made fibers and distinguished from fibers based on synthetic organic polymers. A derivative fiber is one formed when a chemical derivative of a natural polymer, eg, cellulose, is prepared, dissolved, and extruded as a continuous filament, and the chemical nature of the derivative is retained after the fiber formation process. A regenerated fiber is one formed when a natural polymer, or its chemical derivative, is dissolved and extruded as a continuous filament, and the chemical nature of the natural polymer is either retained or regenerated after the fiber formation process. The difficulties of making solutions of natural cellulose from which fibers can be spun has led to most fabricated cellulosic fibers being regenerated from more readily soluble derivatives of cellulose. It is the technology of making these fibers that is the subject of this article. Textile fibers and filaments composed of regenerated cellulose are called rayons. In Europe the fibers are now generally known as viscose; the term viscose rayon is used whenever confusion between the fiber and the cellulose xanthate solution (also called viscose) is possible. In addition to the viscose process, the cuprammonium rayon and direct dissolution processes are also covered. Fiber properties and environmental and commercial issues are discussed.
Syrian Hamster as an Animal Model for the Study of Human Influenza Virus Infection (2017)

Ferrets and mice are frequently used as animal models for influenza research. However, ferrets are demanding in terms of housing space and handling, whereas mice are not naturally susceptible to infection with human influenza A or B viruses. Therefore, prior adaptation of human viruses is required for their use in mice. In addition, there are no mouse-adapted variants of the recent H3N2 viruses, because these viruses do not replicate well in mice. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of Syrian hamsters to influenza viruses with a view to using the hamster model as an alternative to the mouse model. We found that hamsters are sensitive to influenza viruses, including the recent H3N2 viruses, without adaptation. Although the hamsters did not show weight loss or clinical signs of H3N2 virus infection, we observed pathogenic effects in the respiratory tracts of the infected animals. All of the H3N2 viruses tested replicated in the respiratory organs of the hamsters, and some of them were detected in the nasal washes of infected animals. Moreover, a 2009 pandemic (pdm09) virus and a seasonal H1N1 virus, as well as one of the two H3N2 viruses, but not a type B virus, were transmissible by the airborne route in these hamsters. Hamsters thus have the potential to be a small-animal model for the study of influenza virus infection, including studies of the pathogenicity of H3N2 viruses and other strains, as well as for use in H1N1 virus transmission studies.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> We found that Syrian hamsters are susceptible to human influenza viruses, including the recent H3N2 viruses, without adaptation. We also found that a pdm09 virus and a seasonal H1N1 virus, as well as one of the H3N2 viruses, but not a type B virus tested, are transmitted by the airborne route in these hamsters. Syrian hamsters thus have the potential to be used as a small-animal model for the study of human influenza viruses.
Genetically Encoded Aminocoumarin Lysine for Optical Control of Protein–Nucleotide Interactions in Zebrafish Embryos (2023)

The strategic placement of unnatural amino acids into the active site of kinases and phosphatases has allowed for the generation of photocaged signaling proteins that offer spatiotemporal control over activation of these pathways through precise light exposure. However, deploying this technology to study cell signaling in the context of embryo development has been limited. The promise of optical control is especially useful in the early stages of an embryo where development is driven by tightly orchestrated signaling events. Here, we demonstrate light-induced activation of Protein Kinase A and a RASopathy mutant of NRAS in the zebrafish embryo using a new light-activated amino acid. We applied this approach to gain insight into the roles of these proteins in gastrulation and heart development and forge a path for further investigation of RASopathy mutant proteins in animals.
Travelling with a vengeance: the influence of social media on revenge tourism (2023)

This research note examines the role of social media in the emergence and promotion of revenge tourism. Revenge tourism refers to the phenomenon in which tourists travel to destinations to avenge the negative impacts of disasters or conflicts on local communities. To learn how social media sites like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram portray and promote revenge tourism, a content analysis of user-generated content was conducted on these sites. The study's findings point to the importance of social media in the development and promotion of revenge tourism. The implications of this study are significant for tourism management, disaster management, and social media management.
Recent advances in sub-aperture finishing (2005)

Subaperture polishing technologies have radically changed the landscape of precision optics manufacturing and enabled the production of components with higher accuracies and increasingly difficult figure requirements. Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF), for example, is a production-proven, deterministic, subaperture finishing technology that has excelled at overcoming the limitations of traditional polishing. Several recent MRF developments will be presented, including complementing Single Point Diamond Turning (SPDT) technology, transmitted wavefront correction, and finishing of increasingly large apertures. We will also discuss the high precision finishing of challenging optics using a newly developed jet-based technology. A series of examples spanning a wide range of materials, geometries and specifications will be presented. Specific areas to be discussed include micro-optics (i.e., optics less than 5 mm in size), which typically require a very labor-intensive iterative process to finish, and steeply concave optics, such as domes, which are typically not well suited for sub-aperture polishing processes.
Breakdown and conduction mechanisms of ALD HfSiON dielectric with TaN gate using carrier separation analysis (2005)

For the first time, we evaluated the breakdown and conduction mechanisms of ALD HfSiON with TaN gate. In the unstressed HfSiON, hole current dominates the gate leakage current. Under the SILC condition, the electron trap generation from the band edge of the TaN gate and conduction band edge of the Si substrate is accelerated, resulting in an increase of electron current. After soft breakdown of the dielectric, the electron current is predominant in the gate leakage. We demonstrate that the electron tunneling current mainly contributes to the degradation and breakdown of HfSiON dielectric with TaN gate. The conduction mechanism of the electrons and holes is Fowler-Nordheim tunneling.
Large optical third-order nonlinearities in a switchable Prussian blue analogue (2017)

We report on the observation of an efficient coherent up-conversion via third harmonic generation (THG) in Rb 0.94 Mn[Fe(CN) 6 ] 0.98 .0.3H 2 O material. Our THG measurements at fundamental wavelengths ranging from 1200 to 2400 nm show that, in this spectral range, the THG signal overcomes the signal generated by frequency doubling. This demonstrates that this material possesses significant third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) responses. Its effective χ (3) value is at least two orders of magnitude greater than α-Quartz. We also demonstrate that this material exhibits a broad thermal hysteresis loop around room temperature, which makes it possible to simultaneously photo-commute its linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties.
Evaluation of Materials for 193-nm Lithography. (1996)

The explosive growth in performance of microelectronic devices has been made possible by steady advances in microlithography and photoresist technologies. Tremendous efforts to extend optical lithography beyond the 0.25 micrometer boundary, as currently obtainable with KrF-excimer lithography, are ongoing. Although some similarities exist between the imaging chemistries involved in the 248nm and 193nm lithographies, different materials are needed due to the distinct difference in optical absorbance requirements. Resist systems which can be developed with aqueous base would be preferred. However, it might well turn out that the targeted requirements can only be fulfilled by resist systems which involve some type of dry etch steps. This paper will focus on a positive tone resist system, which is based on novel silicon containing methacrylate polymers. Due to a unique combination of monomeric building blocks, polymers with high silicon concentrations and, at the same time, high thermal stability are obtained.
Modèles de RI fondés sur l’information (2011)

Nous presentons dans cet article une vue analytique des contraintes heuristiques recemment proposees pour les fonctions d’ordonnancement (retrieval function). Ces caracterisations permettent ainsi de tester simplement si un modele de recherche d’information (RI) respecte ces contraintes ou non. De plus, nous examinons un certain nombre de resultats empiriques sur les distributions de frequences de mots et le role central joue par le phenomene de rafale, pour lequel nous proposons une definition formelle. Nous introduisons ensuite une nouvelle famille de modeles probabilistes pour la RI, fondee sur la notion d’information. Lorsque la loi de probabilite sous-jacente est capable de modeliser le phenomene de rafale, alors le modele devient naturellement valide au sens des contraintes heuristiques. Les distributions log-logistique et SPL sont presentees dans ce contexte et les experiences, menees sur trois collections differentes, illustrent le comportement adequat de ces modeles ; ils surpassent Okapi BM25 et les modeles de langues, avec lissage de Jelinek-Mercer ou de Dirichlet, a la fois pour la precision moyenne et la precision en tete de liste, et fournissent des resultats similaires aux modeles DFR (Divergence from Randomness) tout en les simplifiant.
LIGHTNING ATTACHMENT TO WIND TURBINES IN CENTRAL KANSAS: VIDEO OBSERVATIONS, CORRELATION WITH THE NLDN AND IN-SITU PEAK CURRENT MEASUREMENTS (2012)

The behavior and effects of lightning to wind turbines were studied during a 3-month field campaign in northcentral Kansas, USA in summer 2012. Auto-trigger cameras were deployed around the wind farm and current measurement devices installed to the root of the turbine blades. Thunderstorms were monitored using the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) data and electric field mills (EFMs) installed onsite at the wind farm.
Analysis and optimization of vertically oriented, through-wafer, laminated magnetic cores in silicon (2005)

This paper compares two fabrication methods for achieving through-wafer, laminated magnetic cores in silicon, intended for microfabricated magnetic devices where vertically oriented (normal to the wafer) magnetic laminations are required to reduce eddy current losses. Given certain fabrication constraints for each method, a theoretical framework is presented to permit the design of the optimal lamination scheme for a particular application. As an example, the analysis is applied to the optimization of laminations for a miniaturized synchronous permanent magnet motor/generator.
Synthesis of air-stable iron-iron carbide nanocrystalline particles showing very high saturation magnetization (2002)

Initial results on synthesis, magnetic properties and time stability of iron-iron carbide nanoparticles are presented. It is shown that as-prepared (after sonochemical synthesis in solution) material consists of small iron particles (d<10 nm) embedded in a polymeric matrix. It was found to be superparamagnetic. Consequent thermal annealing of as-prepared material at temperatures up to 1073 K in argon results, first, in the growth of the iron particles up to 150 nm. Second, the obtained powders become ferromagnetic. Third, such powders are air-stable due to the formation of an interfacial iron carbide layer during annealing. The air-stability of the iron-iron carbide powder was tested by time dependence measurements of its resistivity.
Diagnosis of fibrous arterial atherosclerosis using fluorescence (1985)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. Kittrell, R. L. Willett, C. de los Santos-Pacheo, N. B. Ratliff, J. R. Kramer, E. G. Malk, and M. S. Feld, "Diagnosis of fibrous arterial atherosclerosis using fluorescence," Appl. Opt. 24, 2280-2281 (1985) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
High-speed amplitude modulation of femtosecond laser pulses for frequency-multiplexed two photon imaging (2017)

We present a frequency-multiplexed multi-site two-photon imaging method utilizing amplitude modulation of femtosecond laser pulses in the MHz range to tag each excitation beam and the corresponding fluorescence signals with specific frequencies. The frequency tags are generated with an interferometric setup employing acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) to achieve precise spatial overlap of femtosecond pulses with acoustically-shifted frequencies. Creating matching excitation beam patterns in each interferometer arm using multiple AOD driving frequencies and subsequently overlapping these matching patterns results in multiple excitation beams with unique beat frequencies available for scanning. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate multiplexed two-photon image acquisition using test samples, and compare the performance of this approach to conventional two-photon laser scanning microscopy.
517. Lipopolythioureas: Non Cationic System for Gene Delivery (2006)

The positive charge of cationic-lipid/DNA cationic polymer/DNA complexes renders them highly susceptible to interactions with the biological milieu, leading to aggregation and destabilization, and rapid clearance from the blood circulation. To overcome such drawback we have investigated the possibility to deliver DNA using non- cationic synthetic vectors. We have previously demonstrated that neutral lipopolythioureas DT3TU bind to DNA leading to small particles. These new DNA binding agents lack non-specific accumulation in the lung and increasing circulation time in the bloodstream compared to cationic liposomes. However DT3TU is highly hydrophobic and are inefficient for gene delivery. To improve lipopolythiourea efficiency we have synthesized a series of new lipopolythioureas (LPT) build around two di-thiourea scaffolds derived from (2-amino-3-thiocarbamoylamino- propyl)thiourea or from 2,6-bis(thiocarbamoylamino)hexanoic acid. Variation of hydrophobic anchor size and linker has also been investigated. We have found that derivative ended with an N-diol could be formulated without helper lipid. On the other hand LPT with methyl terminus yielded also small particles when formulated with DPPC. Ten compounds were evaluated for their transfection efficiency against B16 or Eahycell line in the presence of serum. The results revealed that (2-amino-3-thiocarbamoylamino-propyl)thioureas, elicited transfection activity with the same level as cationic lipids. Intratumoral injection of thiourea lipoplex was used to evaluate gene expression on 3LL tumor in C57BL\6 mice. The luciferase reporter gene revealed that LPT express the protein with a similar level as cationic lipid. Finally, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution in mice showed that 10 % of the complexes were still circulating after two hours (3% for other cationic lipid vectors). To the best of our knowlege these new LPT are the first examples of non-cationic transfecting lipids.
Tensile Tests of Polymers at Low Temperatures in the Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope: An Improved Cooling Platform (2007)

Abstract The investigation of the fracture behavior of polymers in the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) can provide information about the correlation between the microstructure of a specimen and the macroscopic stress–strain characteristic. As the mechanical properties of polymers change dramatically at the glass transition temperature, cooling of the specimens during the tensile tests can yield very valuable information about the influence of individual components of polymer blends on the fracture behavior of the material. A serious problem in this connection is the poor heat conductivity of polymers. A commercially available cooling platform, which can be mounted on the tensile stage used for the tests was substantially modified to both enhance the heat transfer between platform and specimen, and to minimize the temperature gradient along the specimen. The first experiments on modified polypropylene specimens already delivered some unexpected results. Fibril‐like structures appeared at the crack tip that would not be expected at temperatures below the glass transition temperature of the polymer blend. SCANNING 29: 261–269, 2007. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Probability Analysis of Switching Events in Power Electronic Converters (2018)

This paper introduces a methodology for analyzing the behavior of power electronic converters using probability analysis based on a probability distribution function (pdf). The methodology is developed using both numerical and analytical techniques. The analytical pdf methodology is verified against the results from numerical computation using Monte Carlo simulations under a wide variety of operating conditions and different modulation schemes. The proposed pdf methodology has the advantage of a more comprehensive representation of the actual utilization of the power devices in real world usage, such as the power converters used in electrified vehicles. This statistical approach is applied to estimate both switching and conduction losses. The approach is shown to be computationally more efficient than numerical simulation to estimate the power converter losses.
Fiber-Interconnect Silicon Chiplet Technology for Self-Aligned Fiber-to-Chip Assembly (2019)

A passive self-alignment and assembly approach for optical fibers is proposed and demonstrated using a combination of silicon micromachining and 3D printing to achieve efficient and accurate near-vertical coupling to a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate with monolithic ridge waveguides and grating couplers. The alignment process is repeatable and the peak efficiency is comparable to the active fiber alignment efficiency (86% or -0.67 dB of that obtained from active alignment). The overall alignment accuracy is in the submicron range due to the formation of mechanical self-aligning structures. The overall approach is compatible with numerous applications, including fiber-to-chip and fiber-to-package assemblies as well as in the testing of photonic devices.
Effect of LiClO4 and LiCl Additives on the Kinetics of Anionic Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Toluene‐Tetrahydrofuran Mixed Solvent (2003)

Abstract The kinetics of anionic polymerization of MMA has been studied at −78 °C in toluene‐THF (9:1 v/v) using 1,1′‐diphenylhexyl lithium as initiator in the presence of lithium perchlorate and lithium chloride as Lewis acid additives. The control of the polymerization is lost in the absence of additives as evident from the non‐linear first‐order time‐conversion plot and polymers with broad multimodal molecular weight distribution. The presence of LiClO 4 and LiCl in 10:1 and 5:1 ratio, respectively, over the initiator brings about sufficient control, yielding polymers of narrow unimodal distribution throughout the polymerization. The reaction in the presence of the additives follows first‐order kinetics free of termination and transfer. Moreover, the order with respect to the active centers is found to be almost unity, which signifies a probable disaggregation of ion‐pairs to a single complexed propagating species. GPC elugrams at different conversions for MMA polymerization in the presence of LiClO 4 . magnified image GPC elugrams at different conversions for MMA polymerization in the presence of LiClO 4 .