gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of suppressed neutrophil mobilization in a mouse model for binge drinking: role of glucocorticoids (1998)

The goals of this study were to determine if suppression of neutrophil accumulation and TNF-alpha production in the peritoneal cavity occurs in mice exposed to a chemical stressor [ethanol (EtOH)], to evaluate the role of EtOH-induced increases in endogenous glucocorticoids in any such suppression, and to determine if decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production is responsible for decreases in neutrophil accumulation in EtOH-treated mice. An inflammatory response induced in the peritoneal cavity of mice by administration of heat-killed Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) was suppressed by a single dose of EtOH given 1 h before administration of the bacteria, as indicated by decreased accumulation of neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity. The concentration of TNF-alpha in the peritoneal cavity was also decreased by EtOH, but exogenous TNF-alpha did not prevent the suppression of neutrophil accumulation. The glucocorticoid antagonist RU-486 did not prevent the suppression of neutrophil accumulation in mice treated with EtOH, but RU-486 did block suppression of neutrophil accumulation caused by administration of exogenous corticosterone. The suppression of neutrophil accumulation caused by exogenous corticosterone was less than produced by EtOH. These observations suggest that the increase in endogenous corticosterone induced by EtOH may explain some of the suppression of neutrophil accumulation, but other neuroendocrine mediators (or EtOH per se) are sufficient to cause the full suppressive effect when the action of corticosterone is blocked by RU-486. The results also demonstrate that EtOH decreases TNF-alpha production, but this is not the mechanism by which neutrophil accumulation is decreased in this model.
Exosomes at the crossroad between therapeutic targets and therapy resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (2022)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are aggressive and clinically challenging tumours that require a multidisciplinary management approach. Despite significant therapy improvements, HNSCC patients have a poor prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of about 65%. As recently recognised key players in cancer, exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of nearly 50-120 nm which transport information from one cell to another. Exosomes are actively involved in various aspects of tumour initiation, development, metastasis, immune regulation, therapy resistance, and therapeutic applications. However, current knowledge of the role of exosomes in the pathophysiological processes of HNSCC is still in its infancy, and additional studies are needed. In this review, we summarise and discuss the relevance of exosomes in mediating local immunosuppression and therapy resistance of HNSCC. We also review the most recent studies that have explored the therapeutic potential of exosomes as cancer vaccines, drug carriers or tools to reverse the drug resistance of HNSCC.
Optimal Gas-Power Flow Calculation With Lightweight Gas Flow Dynamics (2022)

Optimal gas-power flow (OGPF) is one of the most fundamental problems for the operation of integrated electric-gas systems (IEGSs), where the gas flow dynamics partial differential equations (PDEs) are computational challenging. This paper aims to propose a lightweight and accurate model for gas flow dynamics for the OGPF problem. Firstly, the second-order hyperbolic PDEs are equivalently derived based on the original PDEs. Then, the second-order hyperbolic PDEs are discretized using the tri-layer explicit difference scheme. Given some mild boundary and initial conditions, the time-domain two-port model for gas flow dynamics is established, where the state variables of the in-between segments of the pipeline are eliminated. Finally, the iterative parameter updating procedure is devised to improve the modeling accuracy. The lightweight feature of the proposed gas flow dynamics model is verified by the simulation results of several test systems.
Teneligliptin: expectations for its pleiotropic action (2015)

The possible pleiotropic effects of teneligliptin, such as those on endothelial function and metabolic syndrome, are of great interest. This review examines these effects and their potential clinical relevance.
Diet‐induced type IV‐like hyperlipidemia and increased body weight are associated with cholesterol gallstones in hamsters (1991)

Male Syrian hamsters (60-70 g) were fed purified diets containing 5% fat (American Fat Blend) and 15% fiber with or without 0.3% cholesterol (0.86 mg/kcal), for 12 weeks. Hamsters fed the cholesterol-supplemented challenge diet revealed a major increase in plasma triglyceride between 9 and 12 weeks, whereas plasma cholesterol (which reflected body weight dynamics) increased three-fold up to nine weeks and plateaued (342 +/- 22 vs. 122 +/- 5 mg/dL). The greatest increases in cholesterol occurred in the very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoprotein (HDL2) fractions. Gallstone incidence was similar (69% vs. 78%) for cholesterol-supplemented vs. control hamsters, but the type of stones differed. Of the cholesterol-supplemented hamsters with gallstones, 45% had cholesterol stones and 55% had pigment stones. Only pigment stones were seen in control hamsters. Hamsters with cholesterol stones were 25% heavier and transported most cholesterol in VLDL (33 +/- 5%), approximately double that in VLDL of cholesterol-supplemented hamsters with no stones (19 +/- 3%) or cholesterol-supplemented hamsters with pigment stones (21 +/- 3%). Hamsters with pigment stones or no stones (regardless of diet fed) transported the majority of their cholesterol in HDL2 (44%), whereas this figure was only 27% in hamsters that developed cholesterol stones. Thus pigment stones develop routinely in hamsters fed casein-based purified diets. Adding dietary cholesterol resulted in cholesterol gallstones only in those hamsters that gained the most weight and whose terminal VLDL/HDL cholesterol ratio exceeded 1.0, not unlike the lipoprotein profile of obese humans who develop cholesterol gallstones.
Fabrication of Homogeneous High-Density Antibody Microarrays for Cytokine Detection (2014)

Cytokine proteins are known as biomarker molecules, characteristic of a disease or specific body condition. Monitoring of the cytokine pattern in body fluids can contribute to the diagnosis of diseases. Here we report on the development of an array comprised of different anti-cytokine antibodies on an activated solid support coupled with a fluorescence readout mechanism. Optimization of the array preparation was done in regard of spot homogeneity and spot size. The proinflammatory cytokines Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6) were chosen as the first targets of interest. First, the solid support for covalent antibody immobilization and an adequate fluorescent label were selected. Three differently functionalized glass substrates for spotting were compared: amine and epoxy, both having a two-dimensional structure, and the NHS functionalized hydrogel (NHS-3D). The NHS-hydrogel functionalization of the substrate was best suited to antibody immobilization. Then, the optimization of plotting parameters and geometry as well as buffer media were investigated, considering the ambient analyte theory of Roger Ekins. As a first step towards real sample studies, a proof of principle of cytokine detection has been established.
The importance of local mucosal HIV-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes for resistance to mucosal viral transmission in mice and enhancement of resistance by local administration of IL-12. (1998)

Although crucial to mucosal vaccine development, the mechanisms of defense against mucosal viral infection are still poorly understood. Protection, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), and neutralizing antibodies have all been observed, but cause and effect have been difficult to determine. The ability of CTL in the mucosa to mediate protection against mucosal viral transmission has never been proven. Here, we use an HIV peptide immunogen and an HIV-1 gp160-expressing recombinant vaccinia viral intrarectal murine challenge system, in which neutralizing antibodies do not play a role, to demonstrate for the first time that long-lasting immune resistance to mucosal viral transmission can be accomplished by CD8(+) CTL that must be present in the mucosal site of exposure. The resistance is ablated by depleting CD8(+) cells in vivo and requires CTL in the mucosa, whereas systemic (splenic) CTL are shown to be unable to protect against mucosal challenge. Furthermore, the resistance as well as the CTL response can be increased by local mucosal delivery of IL-12 with the vaccine. These results imply that induction of local mucosal CTL may be critical for success of a vaccine against viruses transmitted through a mucosal route, such as HIV.
Interaction Forces Between a Glass Surface and Silica-Modified PMMA-Based Abrasives for CMP Measured by Colloidal AFM (2006)

Interaction forces between a glass surface and two types of silica-coated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based terpolymer abrasive particles were investigated using colloidal atomic force microscopy (AFM) and correlated with relevant chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) and post-CMP parameters. Based on the average values of the pull-off force vs pH, the interaction between a glass bead and the composites can be considered as a silica–glass interaction, as confirmed by ζ potential measurements. The increase in repulsive force with increasing pH corresponds to a decrease in composite-glass adhesion. For pH between 2 and 7, the electrostatic attractive forces between polymer particles and silica surface are responsible for high particle counts.
An Unprecedented Hexapotassium-Hexamagnesium 24-Membered Macrocyclic Amide: A Polymetallic Cationic Host to Six Monodeprotonated Arene Anions (2000)

Six arene anions in a cationic [K6Mg6N12]6+ ring (see picture, arene=benzene) are reported in the mixed-metal macrocyclic amide of 24 (!) ring atoms. The macrocycle is produced through a very effective synthesis, in which the anions are selectively monodeprotonated.
Approximation schemes for scheduling on parallel machines (1998)

We discuss scheduling problems with m identical machines and n jobs where each job has to be assigned to some machine. The goal is to optimize objective functions that solely depend on the machine completion times. As a main result, we identify some conditions on the objective function, under which the resulting scheduling problems possess a polynomial-time approximation scheme. Our result contains, generalizes, improves, simplifies, and unifies many other results in this area in a natural way. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a novel protein kinase A phosphorylation site, S449, on the delayed rectifier potassium channel, Kv1.2 (2007)

Our laboratory has provided evidence of the contribution of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) delayed rectifier potassium channels (K DR ), composed of Kv1.2, Kv1.5, Kv1.6 and Kvβ subunits, to the control of myogenic constriction of arterial resistance vessels. We have also shown that K DR channels in the vasculature are regulated by vasodilatory agonists acting through protein kinase A (PKA). However, the molecular basis for this regulation is uncertain. The current study used electrophysiological and biochemical analyses to identify PKA phosphorylation sites on Kv1.2. Heterologous expression of Kv1 channel subunits revealed that Kv1.2 currents were enhanced following stimulation of PKA, while Kv1.5 currents were unaffected. Previous studies suggested that Kv1.2 is phosphorylated by PKA at threonine‐46 (T46). However, several lines of evidence are inconsistent with this view. Mutation of T46 did not reduce phosphorylation of Kv1.2 by PKA in vitro . Phosphoamino acid analysis demonstrated that phosphorylation occurred exclusively at serine. Two‐dimensional (2D) phosphopeptide mapping revealed one major phosphopeptide, which was detected in both wild‐type and mutant Kv1.2. Mutation of serine‐449 (S449A) significantly reduced 32 P‐incorporation into Kv1.2. In vitro phosphorylation assays indicated that this site is stoichiometrically phosphorylated by PKA. Sequencing by mass spectrometry confirmed that Kv1.2 is phosphorylated by PKA at S449. This study suggests that S449 is a PKA phosphorylation site on Kv1.2, and provides insight into the mechanism underlying the modulation of VSM K DR by PKA.
Retraction (2001)

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events and pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of our current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. Here we reveal maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...
A Comparative Review on the Wireless Implantable Medical Devices Privacy and Security (2014)

Nowadays wireless communication is playing a vital role in implantable medical devices (IMDs) on health-care applications. It has many advantages in remote health monitoring, treatment and prediction for critical cases. However, any drawback in security of these devices against malicious attacks m
Understanding the spatio-temporal structure of human actions (2011)

The analysis of human activities has become a core interest domain in recent years, with a wide range of applications including video indexing, human-machine interfaces and surveillance. Based on the particular application the input source could be obtained from motion capture systems, depth cameras or video cameras. Regardless of the input source, the key challenge in human action recognition lies in explicitly or implicitly modeling the temporal evolution of the data. 
Motivated by this challenge, in this thesis we develop techniques for human action recognition and focus on analyzing the spatio-temporal structure of the data. We examine the decomposition of human action to elementary motions and exploit the discriminative power of inference techniques that account for the temporal ordering of the data. Next, we show that capturing the temporal evolution of the human motion explicitly through dynamical systems leads to an accurate unsupervised segmentation of different actions. However, the above methods work best for constrained scenarios such as static cameras. Consequently, for the case of video sequences in uncontrolled environments, we introduce spatio-temporal features that encode the temporal evolution of local events. Based on these features, we construct a middle-level representation of the video and present a structured action classification model.
Acoustic Approaches and Auditory Influence (2017)

Machines which automatically recognize patterns from a stream of acoustic events, for example a spoken command, would have great utility in both communications and data processing. This paper reviews two applications of an elementary recognizer to the problem of actuating certain logical functions, and indicates how more ambitious recognizers might be utilized. In this regard, the automatic measurement of a talker's voice pitch and voicing dynamics appears fundamental to speech analysis, and hence to many recognition schemes. Visual inspection of spectral data taken from different speakers supports this contention.—“Artificial auditory recognition in telephony,” E. E. David (1958)
Conditional Random Fields Meet Deep Neural Networks for Semantic Segmentation: Combining Probabilistic Graphical Models with Deep Learning for Structured Prediction (2018)

Semantic segmentation is the task of labeling every pixel in an image with a predefined object category. It has numerous applications in scenarios where the detailed understanding of an image is required, such as in autonomous vehicles and medical diagnosis. This problem has traditionally been solved with probabilistic models known as conditional random fields (CRFs) due to their ability to model the relationships between the pixels being predicted. However, deep neural networks (DNNs) recently have been shown to excel at a wide range of computer vision problems due to their ability to automatically learn rich feature representations from data, as opposed to traditional handcrafted features. The idea of combining CRFs and DNNs have achieved state-of-the-art results in a number of domains. We review the literature on combining the modeling power of CRFs with the representation-learning ability of DNNs, ranging from early work that combines these two techniques as independent stages of a common pipeline to recent approaches that embed inference of probabilistic models directly in the neural network itself. Finally, we summarize future research directions.
Novel three‐dimensional scaffolds of poly(L‐lactic acid) microfibers using electrospinning and mechanical expansion: Fabrication and bone regeneration (2010)

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) microfibrous scaffolds with three-dimensional (3D) structures were fabricated using an electrospinning technique with a subsequent mechanical expansion process. To achieve a 3D fibrous structure, the fusion at the contact points of the as-spun PLLA microfibers was avoided using an appropriate binary solvent system of methylene chloride and acetone. The solvent composition was optimized based on the solvent power, volatility, and viscosity (methylene chloride:acetone = 9:1 volume ratio). The final 3D structure of the electrospun scaffolds was obtained after mechanical expansion of the electrospun microfibrous mats. The pore sizes of the scaffolds were controlled by varying the degree of expansion of the nonbonded microfibrous mats, and they were in the range of several microns up to 400 μm. The 3D scaffolds were examined for their morphological properties and their potential use for the proliferation of osteoblasts. Generally recognized electrospun 2D nanofibrous membranes were also tested in order to compare the cell behaviors using different scaffold geometries. The 3D scaffolds demonstrated a high level of osteoblast proliferation (1.8-fold higher than nanofibrous membranes in a week). The osteoblasts actively penetrated the inside of the 3D scaffold and showed a spatial cell distribution, as confirmed by SEM and H&E staining, while a monolayer formed in the case of the 2D nanofibrous membranes with limited cell infiltration. In vivo results further showed that 3D electrospun microfibrous matrices were a favorable substrate for cell infiltration and bone formation after 2 and 4 weeks, using a rabbit calvarial defect model. In this study, the 3D microfibrous PLLA scaffolds fabricated using electrospinning techniques might be an innovative addition to tissue engineering applications.
A bundle gerbe construction of a spinor bundle from the smooth free loop of a vector bundle (2012)

A bundle gerbe is constructed from an oriented smooth vector bundle of even rank with a fiberwise inner product, over a compact connected orientable smooth manifold with Riemannian metric. From a trivialization of the bundle gerbe is constructed an irreducible Clifford module bundle, a spinor bundle over the smooth free loop space of the manifold. First, a Clifford algebra bundle over the loop space is constructed from the vector bundle. A polarization class bundle is constructed, choosing continuously over each point of the loop space a polarization class of Lagrangian subspaces of the complexification of the real vector space from which the Clifford algebra is made. Being unable to choose a Lagrangian subspace continuously from the polarization class over each point, the thesis constructs a bundle gerbe over the loop space of the base manifold to encode over each loop all such subspaces, along with the isomorphisms between the Fock spaces made from them, resulting from their being in the same polarization class. The vanishing of the Dixmier-Douady class of the bundle gerbe implies that the latter has a trivialization, from which is constructed a spinor bundle.
Modeling and Visualization of Multiple Autonomous Heterogeneous Vehicles (2006)

The paper presents a realistic simulation and visualization environment tool to be used as a test-bed for comparison and performance evaluation of different control and coordination strategies applied to single and teams of heterogeneous unmanned vehicles, including teams of cooperative aerial and ground vehicles. The system architecture utilizes MATLAB/SIMULINK models and leverages a computer network for setting up a distributed simulation environment with realistic visualization capabilities based on the Virtual Reality Modeling Language and standard middleware. To devise the architecture of the system, the paper surveys and analyzes different state of the art technologies before arriving at a practical implementation.
Experimental optical fan beam tomography (1984)

Optical tomography is used to map the iodine vapor density in a plane. Two-dimensional images are obtained with 1-cm spatial resolution using a fan beam geometry with a 28-cm radius fan source circle. The images are reconstructed using the convolution backprojection algorithm with data collected in 0.1 sec from 90 detectors on a full circle using 90–360 fan source positions. Experimental results quantitatively confirm a theoretical analysis of the noise in the reconstructed image, including the effects of correlated noise, position within the image, and spatial resolution. The noise amplitude–absorption length product for a 2-cm pixel size is 6 × 10−4 which is equivalent to an iodine concentration of 6 ppm.
TLR4-dependent activation of dendritic cells by an HMGB1-derived peptide adjuvant (2014)

High mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1) acts as an endogenous danger molecule that is released from necrotic cells and activated macrophages. We have previously shown that peptide Hp91, whose sequence corresponds to an area within the B-Box domain of HMGB1, activates dendritic cells (DCs) and acts as an adjuvant in vivo. Here we investigated the underlying mechanisms of Hp91-mediated DC activation. Hp91-induced secretion of IL-6 was dependent on clathrin- and dynamin-driven endocytosis of Hp91 and mediated through a MyD88- and TLR4-dependent pathway involving p38 MAPK and NFκB. Endosomal TLR4 has been shown to activate the MyD88-independent interferon pathway. Hp91-induced activation of pIRF3 and IL-6 secretion was reduced in IFNαβR knockout DCs, suggesting an amplification loop via the IFNαβR. These findings elucidate the mechanisms by which Hp91 acts as immunostimulatory peptide and may serve as a guide for the future development of synthetic Th1-type peptide adjuvants for vaccines.