gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WISDOM: A web information analysis system (2010)

We present an information analysis system, WISDOM (Web Information Sensibly and Discreetly Ordered and Marshaled), which assists users in assessing the credibility of information on the Web from multiple viewpoints. A vast amount of information is now accumulated on the Web and becoming increasingly influential in people's decision making. However, the Web contains a proliferation of false and misleading information. Thus, it is essential to study the methodologies and technologies that enable us to judge the credibility of information. It is for this reason that we have developed WISDOM, which organizes information on a given topic through the following three types of analysis: (1) extracting and contrasting important and controversial sentences around the points related to the topic, using semantics-oriented natural language processing (NLP) techniques; (2) identifying and classifying the authorship of each page; and (3) analyzing the appearance of each page, according to, for example, page design and writing style. WISDOM is in a state of continuous development, and in comparison to our previous demonstration at IUCS 2009, the current version of WISDOM is more advanced in the following respects. First, it extracts contrasting statements, in which statements contrasting the topic to other things, e.g., electric vehicles vs. hybrid electric vehicles. Second, it analyzes the expertise of information senders and indicates senders with high expertise with stars. Third, WISDOM analyzes a fresh 120 million Japanese Web pages; these pages are crawled and updated everyday by our crawler. WISDOM is available at http://wisdom-nict.go.jp/.
A video rate laser scanning confocal microscope (2008)

A video-rate laser scanning microscope was developed as an imaging engine to integrate with other photonic building blocks to fulfill various microscopic imaging applications. The system is quipped with diode laser source, resonant scanner, galvo scanner, control electronic and computer loaded with data acquisition boards and imaging software. Based on an open frame design, the system can be combined with varies optics to perform the functions of fluorescence confocal microscopy, multi-photon microscopy and backscattering confocal microscopy. Mounted to the camera port, it allows a traditional microscope to obtain confocal images at video rate. In this paper, we will describe the design principle and demonstrate examples of applications.
302. EVALUATION AT MORE THAN ONE YEAR OF A PRESS-FIT REVISION FEMORAL STEM: PFM-R, A PROSPECTIVE CONSECUTIVE SERIES OF 154 PATIENTS (2011)

Purpose of the study: The PFM-R (Zimmer) prosthesis is a straight modular stem made of sanded titanium designed to favour spontaneous bone reconstruction. The purpose of this work was to analyse the clinical and radiographic results of this implant. Material and methods: This was a consecutive prospective series of 154 patients who underwent surgery from 1998 to 2007 (15 first-intention prostheses and 139 revisions for severe loosening [Paprosky stages 3 and 4]). Revision included a clinical evaluation (PMA score) and radiographic assessment (migration, bone regeneration, stress shielding, osteointegration, Le Beguec score) as well as a survival analysis. Results: At mean 4.6 years follow-up (1–10 years), three patients had died, two were lost to follow-up and 18 implants were removed, 11 for infection, six for migration and one for defective technique. The PMA score improved from 8 (0–16) to 15.8 (5–18). Mean pivot impaction was 4 mm (0–50), statistically dependent on initial bone stock, form of the isthma, the corticomedullary index in the implantation zone, length of anchor, and time to weight bearing, but not femorotomy nor zone of primary stability. Bone stock was good in 73% at poor in 27% (15 stress shielding, nine infectious osteolysis, 16 absence of bone regeneration). Stress shielding was related to length and diameter of the implanted pivot (p Discussion: The PFM-R enabled bone regeneration and osteointegration in the majority of patients. The quality of the femoral reconstruction around the implant appears to be fundamental. Massive stems should be avoided as they lead to stress shielding. The limits for use of this implant are osteopenia and absence of an isthma.
High-resolution spatial-response measurements of optical nano-antennas in the visible (2007)

A few years ago, some of the authors of the paper demonstrated the resonance of optical antennas in the visible frequencies. The results of that paper were obtained using experimental techniques that were primarily developed for the measurement of antenna-coupled detectors in the infrared. In the present paper, we show the results of spatial-response mapping obtained by using a dedicated measurement station for the characterization of optical antennas in the visible. At the same time, the bottleneck in the spatial responsivity calculation represented by the beam characterization has been approached from a different perspective. The proposed technique uses a collection of knife edge measurements in order to avoid the use of any model of the laser beam irradiance. By taking all this into account we present the spatial responsivity of optical antennas measured with high spatial resolution in the visible.
Myocardial iron quantification using modified Look-Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI) T1 mapping at 3 Tesla (2013)

Background Quantification of myocardial iron overload is critical for the management of patients with hemochromatosis. The effects of excess iron on T1 and T2* relaxation times correlate directly with tissue iron concentration. T2* became the clinical standard at 1.5T as it can be easily obtained in a fast one breath-hold ECG gated multi-echo GRE sequence. At 3T, however, T2* quantification can be limited by pronounced susceptibility artifacts and signal sampling restraints due to shorter T2* times at higher iron concentrations . Since myocardial T1 time is up to thirty times longer than T2*, it can be quantified with short echo-time inversionrecovery sequences even at high iron concentrations, and is less sensitive to susceptibility artifacts. We aimed to validate a recently developed modified LookLocker inversion recovery (MOLLI) sequence to quantify myocardial T1 in healthy controls and patients with iron overload at 3T, comparing to standard GRE based multi-echo T2* times at 1.5T. Methods A total of 15 normal volunteers and 7 chronic anemia patients (with a myocardial T2* measure <20 ms at 1.5T in the last 2 years, five of these on iron chelating therapy) were prospectively enrolled. Myocardial T2* and T1 times were quantified in the same day, the former using a breath-hold multi-echo GRE sequence at 1.5T (Symphony, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) and the latter using the T1 mapping -MOLLI sequence at 3T (Verio, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). All ROIs were placed at mid-interventricular septum, carefully avoiding the blood pool (Fig 1). All analyses were blinded. Results All patients had regular heart rhythm and all MRI exams showed diagnostic image quality. Volunteers and patients had significantly different mean myocardial T2* (27.2 ms +/- 3.9 vs. 15.4 ms +/- 6.3 p<0.05 respectively) and T1 times 1175.7 ms +/- 22.8 vs. 952.1 ms +/- 173.2 p<0.05 respectively). 3T T1 times strongly correlated with 1.5T T2* times (r=0.95 and Fig 2). Using the 3T T1 cut-off of 1130 ms, sensitivity and specificity for 3T
Decision Support System for Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Using Smartphones (2013)

Certain retinal disorders, if not detected in time, can be serious enough to cause blindness in patients. This paper proposes a low-cost and portable smartphone-based decision support system for initial screening of diabetic retinopathy using sophisticated image analysis and machine learning techniq
Device therapy for arrhythmia management in adults with congenital heart disease (2010)

The number of children with congenital heart disease surviving into adulthood has increased dramatically. Refinement in surgical techniques and effective subsequent care has mainly been responsible for this change. However, many of these survivors have significant lifestyle altering symptoms associated with rhythm disorders. These may result from the primary congenital anomaly or from surgical correction. Tachyarrhythmias often result from re-entrant circuits around surgical scars in the setting of a markedly enlarged cardiac chamber. Symptomatic bradyarrhythmias may result from surgical interruption of the conduction system or from the use of antiarrhythmic medication. The management of these lifestyle altering rhythm disorders frequently involves cardiac devices, including pacemakers, antitachycardia devices, defibrillators and resynchronization devices. We review the underlying causes for common rhythm disorders and discuss the specific challenges with cardiac device use in the adult congenital heart disease population. In addition, we address pacing for improvement of ventricular function and innovations likely to impact the field.
Impairedin vitrosurvival of monocytes from patients with HIV infection (1990)

In vitro survival of monocytes (MO) was studied in 59 patients with HIV infection of different clinical stages. MO from 61 donors and 12 healthy seronegative homosexual men were also examined. Compared with the number of MO seeded, the percentage of adherent monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) present after 10 days was significantly lower in patients with HIV infection than in the controls. However, the number of viable, non-adherent MO/MDM was similar in patients and controls. Our data indicate markedly decreased in vitro survival of MO from patients with HIV infection. After 10 days, the MDM population in the patient cultures was significantly less differentiated than the control cells, assessed by immunocytochemical staining with monoclonal antibodies against differentiation antigens. Reduced in vitro survival of MO/MDM was associated with low numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in blood, reduced lymphocyte mitogen responses, presence of HIV p24 antigen in serum and advanced clinical stage. Decreased in vitro survival of MO/MDM may be associated with HIV replication in the cells. Although the level of HIV replication in the cultures was low as assessed by measurement of HIV p24 antigen in culture supernatants and staining of MO/MDM for HIV antigens, cytopathogenic effects of HIV or HIV products cannot be ruled out.
Frequent transitions in mating-type locus chromosomal organization in Malassezia and early steps in sexual reproduction (2023)

<i>Malassezia</i> , the dominant fungal group of the mammalian skin microbiome, is associated with numerous skin disorders. Sexual development and yeast-to-hyphae transitions, governed by genes at two mating-type ( <i>MAT</i> ) loci, are thought to be important for fungal pathogenicity. However, <i>Malassezia</i> sexual reproduction has never been observed. Here, we used chromosome-level assemblies and comparative genomics to uncover unforeseen transitions in <i>MAT</i> loci organization within <i>Malassezia</i> , possibly related with fragility of centromeric-associated regions. Additionally, by expressing different <i>MAT</i> alleles in the same cell, we show that <i>Malassezia</i> can undergo hyphal development and this phenotype is associated with increased expression of key mating genes along with other genes known to be virulence factors, providing a possible connection between hyphal development, sexual reproduction, and pathogenicity.
Physical and historical bases of biomedical applications of radiation force (2007)

Radiation force is a universal phenomenon in any wave motion, electromagnetic or acoustic. Radiation force is produced by a change in the density of energy of the propagating wave. The concept of radiation pressure follows from Maxwell’s equations (1871), while the idea of electromagnetic wave (light) pressure can be traced back to Johannes Kepler (1619). Acoustic radiation force was first experimentally demonstrated by August Kundt (1874) and its physical bases were analyzed in classical works of Lord Rayleigh (1902), L. Brillouin, and P. Langevin. Until recently, main biomedical application of acoustic radiation force was in measuring acoustic power of therapeutic devices, but during the last 15 years it became one of the hottest areas of biomedical ultrasonics with numerous new applications ranging from acoustical tweezers, targeted drug and gene delivery, manipulating of cells in suspension, increasing the sensitivity of biosensors and immunochemical tests, assessing viscoelastic properties of fluids and biological tissue, and monitoring lesions during therapy. The widest new area of applications of radiation force is related to medical imaging in general and elasticity imaging specifically. Remote excitation of shear stress in a given site in the body using radiation force of focused ultrasound offers numerous new possibilities for medical diagnostics.
Wave front sensor-less adaptive optics: a model-based approach using sphere packings (2006)

Certain adaptive optics systems do not employ a wave front sensor but rather maximise a photodetector signal by appropriate control of an adaptive element. The maximisation procedure must be optimised if the system is to work efficiently. Such optimisation is often implemented empirically, but further insight can be obtained by using an appropriate mathematical model. In many practical systems aberrations can be accurately represented by a small number of modes of an orthogonal basis, such as the Zernike polynomials. By heuristic reasoning we develop a model for the operation of such systems and demonstrate a link with the geometrical problems of sphere packings and coverings. This approach aids the optimisation of control algorithms and is illustrated by application to direct search and hill climbing algorithms. We develop an efficient scheme using a direct maximisation calculation that permits the measurement of N Zernike modes with only N +1 intensity measurements.
Role of Bifunctional Ru/Acid Catalysts in the Selective Hydrocracking of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Waste to Liquid Hydrocarbons (2022)

Hydrogenolysis of C–C bonds over Ru-based catalysts has emerged as a deconstruction strategy to convert single-use polyolefin waste to liquid alkanes at relatively mild conditions, but this approach exhibits limitations, including methane formation resulting from terminal C–C bond scission. In this study, a variety of catalysts were investigated for the reductive deconstruction of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) to identify supports that promote nonterminal C–C bond scission. We found that Ru nanoparticles supported on Brønsted-acidic zeolites with the faujasite (FAU) and Beta (BEA) topologies were highly active for the cleavage of C–C bonds in PE and PP, exhibiting improved liquid yields and suppressed methane formation. For the deconstruction of PE, supporting ruthenium nanoparticles (5 wt %) on FAU increased the yields of liquid alkanes to 67% compared to 33% over an inert silica support (5 wt % Ru/SiO2) at 200 °C, 16 h, under 30 bar of H2. A dramatic selectivity enhancement toward liquid hydrocarbons was also observed for PP over Ru/FAU and Ru/BEA compared to Ru/SiO2. To understand the origin of this selectivity improvement, a combination of ex situ and operando characterization techniques were used to reveal that both catalyst structure and acidity play key roles in PE and PP conversion. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies with model polyolefins over Ru-supported catalysts with varying acidity levels revealed that the local chemical environment of Ru[0] during the reaction is consistent across multiple acidic supports, although the onset of reduction during synthesis of the nanoparticles varies across different supports. These results, combined with reactivity data, demonstrate the importance of the acid-noble metal cooperativity in promoting selective C–C bond scission toward liquid alkanes that shifts the mechanism from hydrogenolysis to ideal hydrocracking.
FREQÜÊNCIA GENOTÍPICA DO VÍRUS DA HEPATITE C E DE SEUS SUBTIPOS EM 58 CASOS CONSTATADOS NO PARANÁ (2004)

Acredita-se que cerca de 3% da população mundial é acometida pelo vírus da hepatite C (HCV), patologia esta que pode evoluir para hepatite crônica, cirrose e hepatocarcinoma. O vírus HCV é classificado pelo seu genótipo (1,2,...11) que ainda pode ser divido em subtipos (a, b, c,...), por meio de alguns métodos, sendo que neste trabalho foi utilizada a técnica da RT-PCR. A variação genética do vírus interfere na resposta ao tratamento bem como na sua transmissão. Devido a estes fatos, é muito importante que se conheça cada vez mais a variação genotípica, para aumentar esforços na pesquisa, buscar tratamentos mais efetivos, bem como prevenir. Existe uma variação mundial na freqüência genotípica de acordo com a região analisada. Este trabalho analisou 58 casos de hepatite C na região de Curitiba/Paraná, para verificar a freqüência genotípica e de seus subtipos. Não houve variação significativa em relação a outros estudos relacionados com diferentes regiões do Brasil. A freqüência genotípica encontrada foi a seguinte: 1a (34,0%), 1b (24,0%), 1? (subtipo indefinido, 7,0%), 2 (7,0%), 3a(28,0%). Outros estudos são necessários para caracterizar, de forma mais específica, o perfil genético do vírus HCV no Estado do Paraná, buscando, entre outras coisas, a diminuição do índice de transmissão por meio de dados epidemiológicos mais apurados, e melhorias nos tratamentos, pois é reconhecida a influência do genótipo/subtipo na epidemiologia e no tratamento.
Common alleles at 6q25.1 and 1p11.2 are associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers (2020)

Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 6q25.1, near the ESR1 gene, have been implicated in the susceptibility to breast cancer for Asian (rs2046210) and European women (rs9397435). A genome-wide association study in Europeans identified two further breast cancer susceptibility variants: rs11249433 at 1p11.2 and rs999737 in RAD51L1 at 14q24.1. Although previously identified breast cancer susceptibility variants have been shown to be associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers, the involvement of these SNPs to breast cancer susceptibility in mutation carriers is currently unknown. To address this, we genotyped these SNPs in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers from 42 studies from the Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2. In the analysis of 14 123 BRCA1 and 8053 BRCA2 mutation carriers of European ancestry, the 6q25.1 SNPs (r2 = 0.14) were independently associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA1 mutation carriers [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11–1.23, P-trend = 4.5 × 10−9 for rs2046210; HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.18–1.40, P-trend = 1.3 × 10−8 for rs9397435], but only rs9397435 was associated with the risk for BRCA2 carriers (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01–1.28, P-trend = 0.031). SNP rs11249433 (1p11.2) was associated with the risk of breast cancer for BRCA2 mutation carriers (HR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.02–1.17, P-trend = 0.015), but was not associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers (HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.92–1.02, P-trend = 0.20). SNP rs999737 (RAD51L1) was not associated with breast cancer risk for either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers (P-trend = 0.27 and 0.30, respectively). The identification of SNPs at 6q25.1 associated with breast cancer risk for BRCA1 mutation carriers will lead to a better understanding of the biology of tumour development in these women.
Noise subspace techniques in non-gaussian noise using cumulants (1995)

We consider noise subspace methods for narrowband direction-of-arrival or harmonic retrieval in colored linear non-gaussian noise of unknown covariance and unknown distribution. The non-gaussian noise covariance is estimated via higher order cumulants and combined with correlation information to solve a generalized eigenvalue problem. The estimated eigenvectors are used in a variety of noise subspace methods such as multiple signal classification (MUSIC), MVDR and eigenvector. The noise covariance estimates are obtained in the presence of the harmonic signals, obviating the need for noise-only training records. The covariance estimates may be obtained nonparametrically via cumulant projections, or parametrically using autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models. An information theoretic criterion using higher order cumulants is presented which may be used to simultaneously estimate the ARMA model order and parameters. Third- and fourth-order cumulants are employed for asymmetric and symmetric probability density function (pdf) cases, respectively. Simulation results show considerable improvement over conventional methods with no prewhitening. The effects of prewhitening are particularly evident in the dominant eigenvalues, as revealed by singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polyphenols compounds from red grapes acutely improve endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease (2005)

It has been shown that acute intake of red wine improves endothelial-dependent vasodilatation. It is not clear, however, which constituents of red wine are responsible for this effect. We examined whether acute intake of a red grape polyphenol extract has a positive effect on brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation. We recruited 30 male patients with coronary heart disease. They were randomly assigned either to a red grape polyphenol extract (600 mg) dissolved in 20 ml of water (n = 15) or 20 ml of water (placebo) (n = 15). The extract of grapes contained 4.32 mg epicatechin, 2.72 mg catechin, 2.07 mg gallic acid, 0.9 mg trans-resveratrol, 0.47 mg rutin, 0.42 mg ε-viniferin, 0.28 mg, p-coumaric acid, 0.14 mg ferulic acid and 0.04 mg quercetin per gram. Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery was evaluated after reactive hyperemia induced by cuff obstruction of the forearm, using high-resolution ultasonography. Particularly, flow-mediated dilatation was measured after fasting and 30, 60 and 120 min after the intake of the grape extract or placebo. Intake of the red grape polyphenol extract caused an increase in flow-mediated dilatation, peaking at 60 min, which was significantly higher than the baseline values (4.52 ± 1.34 versus 2.6 ± 1.5%; P < 0.001) and the corresponding values at 60 min after the intake of placebo (4.52 ± 1.34 versus 2.64 ± 1.8%, P < 0.001). There was no change in FMD values after the intake of placebo throughout the whole duration of the study. Polyphenolic compounds from red grapes acutely improve endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease. These results could probably, at least partly, explain the favorable effects of red wine on the cardiovascular system.
Aperture Size Influences Oxidation in Positive-Ion Nitrogen Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (2022)

Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) mass spectrometry commonly uses helium as the DART gas. With the looming helium shortage, other gases are being evaluated for DART. Nitrogen is inexpensive and readily available, making it a desirable alternative. However, NO<sup>+</sup> reagent ions present in positive-ion nitrogen DART result in extensive oxidation for many compounds. The DART source uses a ceramic insulator cap to protect the operator from electrical shock. The most common cap has an aperture with a 2.5 mm inner diameter, through which the gas exits the DART source. By using a cap with a narrow (0.5 mm) ID, oxidation can be significantly reduced for nitrogen DART. The 0.5 mm cap is hypothesized to reduce back-diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into the DART source, with a reduction in the relative abundance of NO<sup>+</sup> and increase in the relative abundance of [(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub> + H]<sup>+</sup> as the reactive species responsible for ionization of the analytes.