gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymerization strategies to produce new polymer biocatalysts for the biodiesel industry (2021)

Abstract One of the major challenges regarding the enzymatic production of biodiesel is the development of more robust, active, and stable immobilized biocatalysts. Thus, the present work aims to develop new enzymatic biocatalysts for use in esterification and transesterification reactions. New polymer supports based on poly(styrene‐co‐divinylbenzene) and poly(methyl methacrylate‐co‐divinylbenzene) platforms were synthesized, incorporating distinct functional compounds into the polymer chains (1‐octene, cardanol, and vinyl benzoate). Two distinct polymerization strategies were adopted for support syntheses: (i) Combined suspension and emulsion polymerization process (core‐shell particles); and (ii) Two‐step polymerization reaction comprising a suspension polymerization in presence of porogenic agents, followed by vacuum application (porous and nonporous particles). The obtained particles were employed for immobilization of lipase B from Candida antarctica . The addition of functional compounds resulted in particles with distinct textural properties. Moreover, particles with 91 m 2 .g −1 (P(MMA‐co‐DVB)/P(MMA‐co‐DVB)) were produced through combined suspension and emulsion polymerization, whilst particles with 154 m 2 .g −1 (P[MMA‐co‐DVB‐co‐VB]) were produced through suspension polymerization performed in presence of n‐heptane. Moreover, highly active biocatalysts were produced, leading to esterification conversions above 80%. Thus, based on the performance in esterification and transesterification reactions, the new functional matrices resulted in highly active biocatalysts with good potential for use in biodiesel industry.
Foundry-processed optomechanical photonic integrated circuits: publisher’s note (2021)

This publisher’s note amends the author list of [ OSA Continuum 4 , 1215 ( 2021 ) 10.1364/OSAC.419410 ].
Implications of Peak Selection in the Interpretation of Unsupervised Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data Analyses (2021)

Mass spectrometry imaging can produce large amounts of complex spectral and spatial data. Such data sets are often analyzed with unsupervised machine learning approaches, which aim at reducing their complexity and facilitating their interpretation. However, choices made during data processing can impact the overall interpretation of these analyses. This work investigates the impact of the choices made at the peak selection step, which often occurs early in the data processing pipeline. The discussion is done in terms of visualization and interpretation of the results of two commonly used unsupervised approaches: <i>t</i>-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding and <i>k</i>-means clustering, which differ in nature and complexity. Criteria considered for peak selection include those based on hypotheses (exemplified herein in the analysis of metabolic alterations in genetically engineered mouse models of human colorectal cancer), particular molecular classes, and ion intensity. The results suggest that the choices made at the peak selection step have a significant impact in the visual interpretation of the results of either dimensionality reduction or clustering techniques and consequently in any downstream analysis that relies on these. Of particular significance, the results of this work show that while using the most abundant ions can result in interesting structure-related segmentation patterns that correlate well with histological features, using a smaller number of ions specifically selected based on prior knowledge about the biochemistry of the tissues under investigation can result in an easier-to-interpret, potentially more valuable, hypothesis-confirming result. Findings presented will help researchers understand and better utilize unsupervised machine learning approaches to mine high-dimensionality data.
Gastric Acid, Calcium Absorption, and Their Impact on Bone Health (2013)

Calcium balance is essential for a multitude of physiological processes, ranging from cell signaling to maintenance of bone health. Adequate intestinal absorption of calcium is a major factor for maintaining systemic calcium homeostasis. Recent observations indicate that a reduction of gastric acidity may impair effective calcium uptake through the intestine. This article reviews the physiology of gastric acid secretion, intestinal calcium absorption, and their respective neuroendocrine regulation and explores the physiological basis of a potential link between these individual systems.
Supp. Movie 2 from <i>Ex Vivo</i> Profiling of PD-1 Blockade Using Organotypic Tumor Spheroids (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDOTS Movie 2&lt;/p&gt;
Scalable Integration of Solid State Quantum Memories into a Photonic Network (2015)

Single nitrogen vacancy centers in nanostructured diamond form high quality nodes integrated into low-loss photonic circuitry, enabling on-chip detection and signal manipulation. Pre-selection provides near-unity yield. Long coherence times are demonstrated in integrated nodes.
Abstract 1259: Preclinical characterization of LY3537982, a novel, highly selective and potent KRAS-G12C inhibitor (2021)

Abstract KRAS-G12C is an important oncogenic mutation in patients with NSCLC, CRC, and other cancer types. Currently, there are no FDA-approved KRAS-G12C inhibitors, and those in clinical development have relatively modest activity compared to other approved therapies targeting other classic oncogenic drivers. This modest activity may be potentially due in part to incomplete target occupancy and trapping of mutant KRAS in the inactive GDP-bound state. Achieving maximal clinical benefit in patients harboring a KRAS-G12C mutation, may require a potent inhibitor capable of achieving near complete target engagement. Here, we report the identification of LY3537982, a novel, highly selective and potent inhibitor of the KRAS-G12C protein, discovered using structure-based design. In kinetic studies, LY3537982 showed a high Kinact/Ki value (248,016 M-1 s-1), compared to AMG510 (7,220 M-1 s-1) and MRTX849 (35,000 M-1 s-1). LY3537982 inhibited KRAS-GTP loading with an IC50 value of 3.35 nM in the KRAS-G12C mutant H358 lung cancer cell line, while AMG510 and MRTX849 had IC50 values of 47.9 nM and 89.9 nM, respectively. LY3537982 also inhibited phospho-ERK in H358 cells with an IC50 value of 0.65 nM, while the IC50 values of AMG510 and MRTX849 were 13.5 nM and 14 nM, respectively. In a panel of cancer cell lines with KRAS-G12C or non-G12C mutations, LY3537982 selectively inhibited the growth of KRAS-G12C mutant tumor cells and not KRAS wild-type or non-G12C mutant cells. Sensitivity to LY3537982 varied among the KRAS-G12C mutant cells tested, suggesting that not all cell lines maintain the same dependence on KRAS-G12C. Similarly, in multiple xenograft or patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models harboring a KRAS-G12C mutation, LY3537982 exhibited a range of anti-tumor activity from complete regression to significant tumor growth inhibition, at 3 to 30 mg/kg QD or BID. Mechanism-based combinational screens have also identified certain targeted therapies that can synergize with LY3537982 to achieve better anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo, including abemaciclib, the selective AurA inhibitor LY3295668, and cetuximab. Together these data suggest that in certain biologic contexts, broader and more durable anti-tumor activity could be achieved with combination regimens. A first-in-human Phase 1 clinical trial is planned for 2021. Citation Format: Sheng-Bin Peng, Chong Si, Youyan Zhang, Robert D. Van Horn, Xi Lin, Xueqian Gong, Lysiane Huber, Gregory Donoho, Carmen Curtis, John M. Strelow, Wayne P. Bocchinfuso, Deqi Guo, Serge L. Boulet, David Barda, Danalyn Manglicmot, Melbert-Brian D. Saflor, Jing Wang, Junpeng Xiao, Michael J. Chalmers, Lee Burns, Ryan J. Linder, Bradley L. Ackermann, Paul D. Cornwell, Lian Zhou, Denis McCann, James Henry. Preclinical characterization of LY3537982, a novel, highly selective and potent KRAS-G12C inhibitor [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1259.
How to run a psychiatry summer school (2013)

Summary Graduates in the UK are not choosing a career in psychiatry. This paper sets out to do three related things: review the factors that attract and deter medical students from a career in psychiatry, describe the provision of current summer schools and special programmes in psychiatry, and provide detail of how initiatives such as summer schools may be set up, run and evaluated locally to potentially address some of those issues identified in the first section.
Comparison of angiography and ultrasound in the evaluation of the portal venous system in pancreatic carcinoma (1987)

Detailed images of upper abdominal vascular anatomy can now be obtained by experienced operators using modern real-time ultrasound scanners. To help determine the role of real-time ultrasound in preoperative evaluation of pancreatic carcinoma, ultrasound and angiographic results were compared in a series of 45 patients admitted with documented carcinoma of the pancreas. When surgical results were available, these were compared with the ultrasound and angiographic findings. The main tributaries of the portal system were evaluated with ultrasound and angiography for evidence of compression, displacement, or occlusion. A sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 95% were achieved for splenic vein abnormalities by ultrasound compared to angiography. For portal vein evaluation, sensitivity was 75%, and specificity was 100%, whereas for the superior mesenteric vein a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% were attained. Ultrasound can make angiography prior to laparotomy unnecessary in many cases if thorough evaluation of the portal venous system is emphasized during the initial ultrasound study.
Recommendations for the conduct of clinical trials for drugs to treat or prevent sarcopenia (2015)

The current lack of guidelines for the assessment of new therapeutic treatments for sarcopenia could potentially hinder the delivery of effective medicines to patients at risk.
Unfolding Mechanisms and Conformational Stability of the Dimeric Endophilin N-BAR Domain (2021)

Endophilin, which is a member of the Bin-amphiphysin-Rvs (BAR) domain protein superfamily, contains a homodimeric N-BAR domain of a characteristic crescent shape. The N-BAR domain comprises a six-helix bundle and is known to sense and generate membrane curvature. Here, we characterize aspects of the unfolding mechanism of the endophilin A1 N-BAR domain during thermal denaturation and examine factors that influence the thermal stability of this domain. Far-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy was applied to monitor changes in the secondary structure above room temperature. The protein's conformational changes were further characterized through Foerster resonance energy transfer and cross-linking experiments at varying temperatures. Our results indicate that thermal unfolding of the endophilin N-BAR is (minimally) a two-step process, with a dimeric intermediate that displays partial helicity loss. Furthermore, a thermal shift assay and temperature-dependent CD were applied to compare the unfolding processes of several truncated versions of endophilin. The melting temperature of the N-BAR domain decreased when we deleted either the N-terminal H0 helix or the unstructured linker of endophilin. This result suggests that these intrinsically disordered domains may play a role in structurally stabilizing the functional N-BAR domain <i>in vivo</i>. Finally, we show that single-site mutations can also compromise endophilin's thermal stability.
Variation of S/G Ratio and Lignin Content in a Populus Family Influences the Release of Xylose by Dilute Acid Hydrolysis (2006)

Wood samples from a second generation Populus cross were shown to have different lignin contents and S/G ratios (S: syringyl-like lignin structures; G: guaiacyl-like lignin structures). The lignin contents varied from 22.7% to 25.8% and the S/G ratio from 1.8 to 2.3. Selected samples spanning these ranges were hydrolyzed with dilute (1%) sulfuric acid to release fermentable sugars. The conditions were chosen for partial hydrolysis of the hemicellulosic fraction to maximize the expression of variation among samples. The results indicated that both lignin contents and S/G ratio significantly affected the yield of xylose. For example, the xylose yield of the 25.8% lignin and 2.3 S/G (high lignin, high S/G) sample produced 30% of the theoretical yield, whereas the xylose yield of the 22.7% lignin and 1.8 S/G (low lignin, low S/G) was 55% of the theoretical value. These results indicate that lignin content and composition among genetic variants within a single species can influence the hydrolyzability of the biomass.
Acute Decompression for Peroneal Nerve Palsy Following Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty (2015)

Acute peroneal nerve decompression is a viable option for patients with peroneal nerve palsy after primary total knee arthroplasty.
Sub-Nyquist collocated MIMO radar in time and space (2016)

Multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar exhibits several advantages with respect to traditional monostatic radar by exploiting transmit waveform diversity. Achieving high resolution requires a large number of transmit and receive antennas. In addition, the digital processing is performed on samples of the received signal at its Nyquist rate, which can be high. Overcoming the rate bottleneck, sub-Nyquist sampling methods have been proposed that break the link between monostatic radar signal bandwidth and sampling rate. In this work, we extend theses methods to MIMO radar and apply the Xampling framework both in the time and spatial domains, achieving reduction in the number of deployed antennas and the number of samples per receiver, without degrading the time and spatial resolutions.
Effect of irradiance and light source on contraction stress, degree of conversion and push-out bond strength of composite restoratives. (2009)

Stress values ranged from 9.25 MPa (QTH PD) to 10.46 MPa (LED MI). No statistical difference was observed among the methods. Bond strength values ranged from 24.6 MPa (LED HI) to 35.4 MPa (QTH PD), with the QTH PD presenting a statistically higher value compared to the other methods. Stress rate and bond strength presented an inverse linear correlation (r2 = 0.79). LED HI presented the highest maximum stress rate, followed by LED MI, QTH CL, LED LI, and QTH PD. The reduction in stress rate observed for the low intensity groups was associated with a general increase in bond strength, with no adverse effect on the degree of conversion of the restorative composite.
The Abnormal Degradation Behavior of ZnO TFT Under Gate Bias Stress (2006)

ZnO TFT was fabricated using ALD deposited materials. The temperature dependence of transfer characteristics and the degradation behavior under gate bias stress was observed. The shift of Vth under gate bias stress was explained through electron trapping and H movement.
Downscaled inverses for M-channel lapped transforms (2002)

Compressed images may be decompressed for devices using different resolutions. Full decompression and rescaling in the space domain is a very expensive method. We studied downscaled inverses where the image is decompressed partially and a reduced inverse transform is used to recover the image. We studied the design of fast inverses, for a given forward transform. General solutions are presented for M-channel FIR filter banks of which block and lapped transforms are a subset.
ANGPTL8 Blockade With a Monoclonal Antibody Promotes Triglyceride Clearance, Energy Expenditure, and Weight Loss in Mice (2017)

Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL)8 is a negative regulator of lipoprotein lipase-mediated plasma triglyceride (TG) clearance. In this study, we describe a fully human monoclonal antibody (REGN3776) that binds monkey and human ANGPTL8 with high affinity. Inhibition of ANGPTL8 with REGN3776 in humanized ANGPTL8 mice decreased plasma TGs and increased lipoprotein lipase activity. Additionally, REGN3776 reduced body weight and fat content. The reduction in body weight was secondary to increased energy expenditure. Finally, single administration of REGN3776 normalized plasma TGs in dyslipidemic cynomolgus monkeys. In conclusion, we show that blockade of ANGPTL8 with monoclonal antibody strongly reduced plasma TGs in mice and monkeys. These data suggest that inhibition of ANGPTL8 may provide a new therapeutic avenue for the treatment of dyslipidemia with beneficial effects on body weight.
LTE-V2X (C-V2X) Performance in Congested Highway Scenarios (2022)

Fast and reliable communication between vehicles is a key factor in improving the transportation safety. To enable such communication, the two main competing technologies are Cellular V2X (C-V2X or LTE-V2X) and IEEE 802.11p-based DSRC. This paper presents a comparison between the performance of C-V2X and DSRC in dense highway scenarios. C-V2X and DSRC implementations considered here are compliant to SAE J3161/1 and SAE J2945/1 standards, respectively. The results show that with a similar bandwidth of 10 MHz, in terms of both inter packet gap (IPG) and reliability, C-V2X performs better than DSRC at ranges greater than 100m, while both technologies exhibit good performance at shorter distances. Additionally, with SAE J3161/1-based one-shot transmissions for critical events, C-V2X performance at shorter distances is further enhanced. Moreover, with the larger bandwidth of 20 MHz, C-V2X further improves in performance.
Pembrolizumab and lenvatinib in recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma resistant to chemotherapy (2023)

The combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib may represent a new treatment option for chemotherapy-resistant ovarian CCC.
An efficient method for computing mathematical morphology for medical imaging (2006)

Many medical imaging techniques use mathematical morphology (MM), with discs and spheres being the structuring elements (SE) of choice. Given the non-linear nature of the underlying comparison operations (min, max, AND, OR), MM optimization can be challenging. Many efficient methods have been proposed for various types of SE based on the ability to decompose the SE by way of separability or homotopy. Usually, these methods are only able to approximate disc and sphere SE rather than accomplish MM for the exact SE obtained by discretization of such shapes. We present a method that for efficiently computing MM for binary and gray scale image volumes using digitally convex and X-Y-Z symmetric flat SE, which includes discs and spheres. The computational cost is a function of the diameter of the SE and rather than its volume. Additional memory overhead, if any, is modest. We are able to compute MM on real medical image volumes with greatly reduced running times with increasing gains for larger SE. Our method is also robust to scale: it is applicable to ellipse and ellipsoid SE which may result from discretizing a disc or sphere on an anisotropic grid. In addition, it is easy to implement and can make use of existing image comparison operations. We present performance results on large medical chest CT datasets.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Total Synthesis of Tallysomycin. Synthesis of the Threonylbithiazole Moiety Containing a Structurally Unique Glycosylcarbinolamide. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reply to "Nicotine-Induced Angiogenesis" (2002)

Article AbstractLetter to the EditorSir: We would like to thank Dr. Schwartz for drawing attention to the possibility that the chronic use of transdermal nicotine to treat Tourette's disorder could pose a potential risk that was not mentioned in our article. As pointed out by Dr. Schwartz, a recent in vitro study found that nicotine induced angiogenesis and accelerated the growth of tumors and atheroma under laboratory conditions. However, these authors stated that their findings raise particular concerns about the effects of chronic nicotine use in humans at risk for pathologic angiogenesis as opposed to those without such risks.
RESPONSE OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) TO SOIL APPLIED BORON AND ZINC FERTILIZERS UNDER IRRIGATED CONDITIONS (2013)

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of boron (B) and zinc (Zn) fertilizer alone and in combination on yield, yield components and nutrient concentration in various plant parts. The treatments consisted of (a) untreated control (b) three levels of B (0, 1, 2 kg B ha -1 ) and (c) three levels of Zn (0, 5, 10 kg Zn ha -1 ). The basal dose of NPK at the rate of 150, 110, 60 kg ha -1 , respectively, was applied to all treatments except control. The treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. Results showed that combined addition of 2.0 kg B and 5 kg Zn ha -1 produced significant impact on the grain yield and its components i.e., number of tillers m -2 , spike length, number of grains spike -1 and 1000-grain weight. The improvement in dry matter production and grain yield was 14.5% and 9.4%, over control, respectively, by the combined application of 2.0 kg B ha -1 and 5.0 kg Zn ha -1 . There was substantial increase in B concentration in grains i.e., 129.6% and 47.6% by individual addition of 2.0 kg B and 5.0 kg Zn ha -1 over control, respectively. The level of Zn content was raised from 15.2 to 37.4 mg kg -1 by application of 10.0 kg Zn ha -1 . Thus, substantial improvement in wheat productivity could be harvested with simultaneous increased concentration of Zn nutrient in grain for alleviation of syndrome caused due to Zn deficiency across rural and peri-urban communities.
Point of View (2004)

From the *Children’s Hospital and Health Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, San Diego, California. The device(s)/drug(s) is/are FDA-approved or approved by corresponding national agency for this indication. No funds were received in support of this work. One or more of the author(s) has/have received or will receive benefits for personal or professional use from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript, eg, royalties, stocks, stock options, decision-making position. Address reprint requests to Dr. Peter O. Newton, Children’s Hospital and Health Center, Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, 3030 Children’s Way, Suite 410, San Diego, CA 92123-4293. E-mail: [email protected]
Ultrasound Tissue Characterization of Breast Biopsy Specimens: Expanded Study (1996)

Tissue classification by examining sets of ultrasound parameters is an elusive goal. We report analysis of measurements of ultrasound speed, attenuation and backscatter in the range 3 to 8 MHz in breast tissues at 37 C. Statistical discriminant analysis and neural net analysis were employed. Data were acquired from 24 biopsy and 7 mastectomy specimens. Best separation of the classes normal, benign, and malignant occurred in the 18 cases where two tissue classes were present in the same specimen and parameters were corrected for within-patient mean; then 85-90% of cases in test sets were correctly classified. Most errors comprised misclassified benign cases. The neural net was comparable to discriminant analysis and slightly superior in separating normal and malignant classes.