gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fixed-frequency and frequency-agile (Au,HTS) microstrip bandstop filters for L-band applications (2001)

In this work, we report on the performance of a highly selective, compact 1.83/spl times/2.08 cm/sup 2/ (/spl sim/0.72/spl times/0.82 in./sup 2/) microstrip line bandstop filter of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-/spl delta// (YBCO) on LaAlO/sub 3/ (LAO) substrate. The filter is designed for a center frequency of 1.623 GHz for a bandwidth at 3 dB from reference baseline of less than 5.15 MHz, and a bandstop rejection of 30 dB or better. The design and optimization of the filter was performed using Zeland's IE3D circuit simulator. The optimized design was used to fabricate gold (Au) and High-Temperature Superconductor (HTS) versions of the filter. We have also studied an electronically tunable version of the same filter. Tunability of the bandstop characteristics is achieved by the integration of a thin film conductor (Au or HTS) and the non-linear dielectric ferroelectric SrTiO/sub 3/ in a conductor/ferroelectric/dielectric modified microstrip configuration. The performance of these filters and comparison with the simulated data will be presented.
In-vivo X-ray Dark-Field Chest Radiography of a Pig (2017)

X-ray chest radiography is an inexpensive and broadly available tool for initial assessment of the lung in clinical routine, but typically lacks diagnostic sensitivity for detection of pulmonary diseases in their early stages. Recent X-ray dark-field (XDF) imaging studies on mice have shown significant improvements in imaging-based lung diagnostics. Especially in the case of early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), XDF imaging clearly outperforms conventional radiography. However, a translation of this technique towards the investigation of larger mammals and finally humans has not yet been achieved. In this letter, we present the first in-vivo XDF full-field chest radiographs (32 × 35 cm<sup>2</sup>) of a living pig, acquired with clinically compatible parameters (40 s scan time, approx. 80 µSv dose). For imaging, we developed a novel high-energy XDF system that overcomes the limitations of currently established setups. Our XDF radiographs yield sufficiently high image quality to enable radiographic evaluation of the lungs. We consider this a milestone in the bench-to-bedside translation of XDF imaging and expect XDF imaging to become an invaluable tool in clinical practice, both as a general chest X-ray modality and as a dedicated tool for high-risk patients affected by smoking, industrial work and indoor cooking.
Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Radiofrequency Ablation versus Nonanatomic Resection—Propensity Score Analyses of Long-term Outcomes (2015)

In patients with one BCLC stage 0 or A (≤ 3 cm) HCC who received RF ablation or NAR as first-line treatment, there were no significant differences in long-term therapeutic outcomes; however, RF ablation was associated with fewer major complications and a shorter hospital stay after treatment.
Vagus Nerve Stimulation Exerts the Neuroprotective Effects in Obese-Insulin Resistant Rats, Leading to the Improvement of Cognitive Function (2016)

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy was shown to improve peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, the effects of chronic VNS therapy on brain insulin sensitivity, dendritic spine density, brain mitochondrial function, apoptosis and cognition in obese-insulin resistant subjects have never been investigated. Male Wistar rats (n = 24) were fed with either a normal diet (n = 8) or a HFD (n = 16) for 12 weeks. At week 13, HFD-fed rats were divided into 2 groups (n = 8/group). Each group was received either sham therapy or VNS therapy for an additional 12 weeks. At the end of treatment, cognitive function, metabolic parameters, brain insulin sensitivity, brain mitochondrial function, brain apoptosis, and dendritic spines were determined in each rat. The HFD-fed with Sham therapy developed brain insulin resistance, brain oxidative stress, brain inflammation, and brain apoptosis, resulting in the cognitive decline. The VNS group showed an improvement in peripheral and brain insulin sensitivity. VNS treatment attenuated brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cell apoptosis. In addition, VNS therapy increased dendritic spine density and improved cognitive function. These findings suggest that VNS attenuates cognitive decline in obese-insulin resistant rats by attenuating brain mitochondrial dysfunction, improving brain insulin sensitivity, decreasing cell apoptosis, and increasing dendritic spine density.
Vagueness and Costs of the Pause on Gain-of-Function (GOF) Experiments on Pathogens with Pandemic Potential, Including Influenza Virus (2014)

Since the spring of 2012, there has been a raging controversy in scientific circles on the wisdom of carrying out so-called “gain-of-function” (GOF) experiments with pathogens of pandemic potential (PPP) such as influenza virus (1). Although the phrase “gain-of-function” has been much criticized because of its inexactness, the terminology has been adopted by many, including the media, to mean experiments in which the result is a change in virulence or host tropism for a PPP. The nugget of the debate is a disagreement over the practical value of such experiments relative to the information that they produce, with opponents arguing that risk, whether from intentional release or, more likely, laboratory accidents, outweighs any knowledge gained (1). Some anti- and pro-GOF experiment proponents have organized themselves into two&nbsp;camps, known as the Cambridge Working Group (CWG; http://www.cambridgeworkinggroup.org/) and Scientists for Science (SFS; http://www.scientistsforscience.org/), which have issued statements. However, these groups are heterogeneous, and their members have varied views on the problem. We have both signed the CWG statement, and one of us (M.J.I.) has also cosigned the SFS statement, because while we both see important benefits for GOF work involving PPP, we are nonetheless concerned about safety issues, and most importantly strongly support the common call for discussion. However, neither of us has supported the idea of a moratorium on this type of research (1, 2).
Photoelectron spectroscopy of HCCN− and HCNC− reveals the quasilinear triplet carbenes, HCCN and HCNC (2002)

Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy has been used to study the HCCN− and HCNC− ions. The electron affinities (EA) of cyanocarbene have been measured to be EA(HCCN X̃ 3Σ−=2.003±0.014 eV and EA(DCCN X̃ 3Σ−)=2.009±0.020 eV. Photodetachment of HCCN− to HCCN X̃ 3Σ− shows a 0.4 eV long vibrational progression in ν5, the H–CCN bending mode; the HCCN− photoelectron spectra reveal excitations up to 10 quanta in ν5. The term energies for the excited singlet state are found to be T0(HCCN ã 1A′)=0.515±0.016 eV and T0(DCCN ã 1A′)=0.518±0.027 eV. For the isocyanocarbene, the two lowest states switch and HCNC has a singlet ground state and an excited triplet state. The electron affinities are EA(HCNC X̃ 1A′)=1.883±0.013 eV and EA(X̃ 1A′ DCNC)=1.877±0.010 eV. The term energy for the excited triplet state is T0(HCNC ã 3A″)=0.050±0.028 eV and T0(DCNC ã 3A″)=0.063±0.030 eV. Proton transfer kinetics in a flowing afterglow apparatus were used to re-measure the enthalpy of deprotonation of CH3NC to be ΔacidH298(CH3NC)=383.6±0.6 kcal mol−1. The acidity/EA thermodynamic cycle was used to deduce D0(H–CHCN)=104±2 kcal mol−1 [ΔfH0(HCCN)=110±4 kcal mol−1] and D0(H–CHNC)=106±4 kcal mol−1 [ΔfH0(HCNC)=133±5 kcal mol−1].
Edge-Readout Detectors for PET (2017)

We have developed a novel edge-readout detector design for PET, which can easily provide sub-millimeter inplane spatial resolution together with DOI information with resolution determined by the thickness of the crystal layers. Our simulation shows that for 511 keV photons, a slab of LYSO crystal of dimensions 50:8mm × 50:8mm × 3mm with 20 SiPMs coupled to its four edges can provide an in-plane spatial resolution of 0.62 mm (FWHM) when patterned with optical barriers. Our experiments show that for 662 keV photons, a slab of CsI(Tl) crystal of dimensions 27:4mm × 27:4mm × 3mm with 16 SiPMs can provide an in-plane spatial resolution of 0.39 mm (FWHM). The CsI(Tl) detector shows an energy resolution of 6.4% at 662 keV.
Local Probability Propagation for Factor Analysis (1999)

Ever since Pearl's probability propagation algorithm in graphs with cycles was shown to produce excellent results for error-correcting decoding a few years ago, we have been curious about whether local probability propagation could be used successfully for machine learning. One of the simplest adaptive models is the factor analyzer, which is a two-layer network that models bottom layer sensory inputs as a linear combination of top layer factors plus independent Gaussian sensor noise. We show that local probability propagation in the factor analyzer network usually takes just a few iterations to perform accurate inference, even in networks with 320 sensors and 80 factors. We derive an expression for the algorithm's fixed point and show that this fixed point matches the exact solution in a variety of networks, even when the fixed point is unstable. We also show that this method can be used successfully to perform inference for approximate EM and we give results on an online face recognition task.
Editorial: Local Immune Modulation of Macrophages and Dendritic Cells - Local Matters (2022)

EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 27 June 2022Sec. Antigen Presenting Cell Biology Volume 13 - 2022 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.957104
Investigation of Residual Stresses in Selective Laser Melting (2014)

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an Additive Manufacturing method that enables greater design freedoms than traditional manufacturing methods in the production of high value, low volume metallic parts. Despite this now being a well-established processing method, there are a number of issues impeding industrial uptake, including the generation of residual stress and part distortion during manufacture. Prediction of residual stress is invaluable for tuning process parameters, and optimising the part geometry and support structures to limit residual stress based distortion during manufacture. This paper establishes a thermal modelling strategy to predict temperature distribution within a 3D SLM part that is a precursor towards a residual stress analysis.
Magnetic anisotropy and crystalline texture in BaO(Fe2O3)6 thin films deposited on GaN∕Al2O3 (2007)

Ba O ( Fe 2 O 3 ) 6 (BaM) thin films were deposited by pulsed laser deposition on GaN∕Al2O3 substrates. A pole figure obtained from the (006) reflection indicated that ∼81% of the film volume had the c axis tilted less than 5° from the film normal. A low anisotropy field was inferred from vector coil vibrating sample magnetometer (VVSM) measurements. The reduction in Ha from literature values and a two-step switching of the easy axis magnetization is postulated to result from interdiffusion and misalignment effects. To alleviate interdiffusion and to improve the c-axis alignment, experiments were repeated with lower deposition temperatures, thinner films, and MgO buffer layers. The features of the hysteresis loop due to two-step switching and the in-plane coercivity were reduced while the anisotropy field (Ha) was larger. Films deposited with MgO buffer layers are observed to have single-step switching of the easy axis magnetization, larger anisotropy fields, and sharp ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) peaks. Films with MgO buffer layers were determined to have anisotropy fields Ha=1.57T by FMR and Ha∼1.5–1.6T as determined from the difference in the saturation fields for the easy and hard axis loops.
Switched doubly-fed machine propulsion drive (2014)

Variable speed drives (VSD) constructed with doubly-fed machines (DFM) offer interesting flexibility for power electronic drive design. They also offer opportunities for controlling interactions with an ac grid. Design options are most flexible for the VSD DFM when the machine stator can be operated from an ac or dc source, selected “on-the-fly” as appropriate. This paper presents a SCR-based transfer switch that can connect the stator of the DFM either to an ac source or a dc source “on-the-fly”. Current commutations of the SCRs and a “bumpless” transition in shaft behavior is controlled from the rotor.
Vergleich der Knochenregeneration durch mesenchymale Stammzellen aus Skelettmuskulatur und Knochenmark (2013)

Fragestellung: Skelettmuskulatur stellt eine gut zugängliche Quelle multipotenter Stammzellen dar. Das Potential zur knöchernen Regeneration dieser humanen muscle-derived stem cells (hMDSCs) wurde in vivo demonstriert. Diese Eigenschaft der hMDSC wurde jedoch bisher nicht hinreichend zu aus[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL]
Changes in concentrations of cervicovaginal immune mediators across the menstrual cycle: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data (2022)

Despite the variability of cervicovaginal immune mediator measurements, our meta-analyses show clear and consistent changes during the menstrual cycle. Many immune mediators were lower in the luteal phase, including chemokines, antibodies, matrix metalloproteinases, and several interleukins. Only interleukin-1α and beta-defensins were higher in the luteal phase. These cyclical differences may have consequences for immunity, susceptibility to infection, and fertility. Our study emphasizes the need to control for the effect of the menstrual cycle on immune mediators in future studies.
Liposomes coated with chemically modified dextran interact with human endothelial cells (1999)

Some liposomal formulations are now in clinical use. New applications in biology and medicine using targeted liposomes remain an intensive research area. In this context, liposomes constituted of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and cholesterol (70/10/20 mol %) were prepared by detergent dialysis and coated with dextran (Dx) or functionalized dextran (FDx), both hydrophobized by a cholesterol anchor which penetrates the lipid bilayer during the vesicle formation. The coating of liposomes with these polysaccharides was performed because chemically modified dextran but not native Dx interacted with vascular cells. The liposome uptake by human endothelial cells was followed using uncoated and coated liposomes radiolabeled with a neutral lipid (3H-cholesterol) and a polar phospholipid (14C-PC). The results indicated for both radiolabels a preferential uptake by endothelial cells of FDx-coated liposomes compared to uncoated or Dx-coated liposomes. Addition to the culture medium of calcium up to 10 mM further enhanced the level and rate of incorporation of FDx-coated liposomes, whereas interaction of endothelial cells with uncoated liposomes or liposomes coated with Dx was poorly affected. Liposome membranes were then labeled with N-(lissamine rhodamine B sulfonyl)diacyl-PE and liposome uptake by endothelial cells was observed by fluorescence microscopy. The punctate intracellular fluorescence of cells incubated at 37 degrees C with fluorolabeled liposomes is indicative of the liposome localization within the endocytotic pathway of the cells. Altogether, these data demonstrate that coating of liposomes with FDx enable specific interactions with human endothelial cells in culture. Consequently, these liposomes coated with bioactive polymers represent an attractive approach as materials for use as drug delivery vehicles targeting vascular cells.
Reprint of: Extension of the near acoustic field of a jet to the far field (2010)

The problem of extending the near acoustic field of a high-speed jet to the far field is considered. This is akin to the problem of analytic continuation in complex variable. Analytic continuation is the extension of an analytic function in a limited domain to a larger domain. The general continuation problem involving acoustic sources enclosed by a surface is first analyzed. It is shown that a unique continuation to the far field is possible provided either the pressure or the pressure gradient normal to the surface is given on the surface. In this paper, the continuation is carried out by means of an adjoint Green's function. One significant advantage of using adjoint Green's function is that for a given direction of radiation, one is required to solve only a single acoustic scattering problem. Because the present method requires measuring only the fluctuation pressure on the bounding surface whereas other popular methods such as the Kirchhoff integral method or the Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings equation requires measuring three or more variables, it appears that the present method has definite advantage when it is used to extend an experimentally measured near acoustic field to the far field.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Benzothiadiazepine Hydroxamates as Selective Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (2003)

Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) have been associated with several inflammatory diseases, and therefore, strategies for its suppression have become important targets in drug discovery. Our efforts to suppress TNF-alpha have centered on the inhibition of TNF-alpha converting enzyme (TACE) through the use of hydroxamate inhibitors. Starting from broad-spectrum matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors, we have designed and synthesized novel benzothiadiazepines as potent and selective TACE inhibitors. The benzothiadiazepines were synthesized with variation in P1 and P1' in order to effect potency and selectivity. The inhibitors were evaluated versus porcine TACE (pTACE), and the initial selectivity was assessed with counterscreens of MMP-1, -2, and -9. Several potent and selective inhibitors were discovered with compound 41 being the most active against pTACE (K(i) = 5 nM) while still maintaining good selectivity versus the MMP's (at least 75-fold). Most compounds were assessed in the human peripheral blood mononuclear cell assay (PBMC) and the human whole blood assay (WBA) to determine their ability to suppress TNF-alpha. Compound 32 was the most potent compound in the PBMC assay (IC(50) = 0.35 microM), while compound 62 was the most active in the WBA (IC(50) = 1.4 microM).
Template-Assisted Preparation of Micrometric Suspended Membrane Lattices of Photoluminescent and Non-Photoluminescent Polymers by Capillarity-Driven Solvent Evaporation: Application to Microtagging (2017)

In this work, the bottom-up template-assisted preparation of high-density lattices (up to 11 · 10<sup>6</sup> membranes/cm<sup>2</sup>) of suspended polymer membranes with micrometric size (in the order of few μm<sup>2</sup>) and sub-micrometric thickness (in the order of hundreds of nm) is demonstrated for both photoluminescent and non-photoluminescent polymers by capillarity-driven solvent evaporation. Solvent evaporation of low concentration polymer solutions drop-cast on an array of open-ended micropipes is shown to lead to polymer membrane formation at the inlet of the micropipes thanks to capillarity. The method is proven to be robust with high-yield (>98%) over large areas (1 cm<sup>2</sup>) and of general validity for both conjugated and non-conjugated polymers, e.g. poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole (F8BT), poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV), polystyrene (PS), thus breaking a new ground on the controlled preparation of polymer micro and nanostructures. Angle dependence and thermal stability of photoluminescence emission arising from F8BT membrane lattices was thorough investigated, highlighting a non-Lambertian photoluminescence emission of membrane lattices with respect to F8BT films. The method is eventually successfully applied to the preparation of both photoluminescent and non-photoluminescent micro Quick Response (μQR) codes using different polymers, i.e. F8BT, MDMO-PPV, PS, thus providing micrometric-sized taggants suitable for anti-counterfeiting applications.
P-Channel Germanium FinFET Based on Rapid Melt Growth (2007)

High-performance P-channel Ge FinFETs have been fabricated based on the rapid-melt-growth method. The fully depleted Ge FinFET has an off-state drain leakage current that is two orders of magnitude lower than the partially depleted one. The channel on the {110} surfaces provides an enhancement of the effective hole mobility of 60% and 28% at an effective field of 0.4 MV/cm compared with, respectively, silicon universal hole mobility and our previous work with {100} Ge-on-insulator pMOSFETs.
Toward Quantitative Sequencing of Deuteration of Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Chains in Fatty Acids (2021)

No general method currently is available for the quantitative determination of deuterium (D) at C positions along a hydrocarbon chain. <i>Bis</i>-allylic deuterated highly unsaturated fatty acids (D-HUFA) are a novel class of drugs stabilized against H-abstraction-mediated oxidation by deuteration at the most labile positions. Ru-based catalytic deuteration overcomes the limited scale of <i>bis</i>-allylic D-HUFA production by total organic synthesis; however, it produces a complex mixture of <i>bis</i>-allylic D isotopologues and isotopomers, requiring detailed sequencing for characterization. We report here adaptation and application of the Paternó-Büchi (PB) reaction of 2-acetylpyridine to a series of D-HUFA with analysis by shotgun lipidomics to determine position-specific quantitative D abundances. Sodiated <sup>PB</sup>D-HUFA result in diagnostic ions of high abundance upon collision-induced dissociation (CID) activation, enabling sensitive differentiation and quantification of D fraction at each <i>bis</i>- and <i>mono</i>-allylic position for each isotopologue. Catalytically deuterated isotopologues D5-7 linolenic acid (D5-7 LnA), D6-8 arachidonic acid (D6-8 ARA), D7-9 eicosapentaenoic acid (D7-9 EPA), and D9-11 docosahexaenoic acid (D9-11 DHA) incorporate 80-98, 95-100, 81-100, and 83-100% D at their <i>bis</i>-allylic positions, respectively. D-HUFA isotopologues having D number greater than or equal to <i>bis</i>-allylic sites (e.g., D10-DHA or D11-DHA) deuterated >95% at <i>bis</i>-allylic positions, except for D-LnA. The <i>mono-</i>allylic position near the methyl end deuterates to a much greater extent than the <i>mono-</i>allylic position near the carboxyl end, and both positions deuterate only when <i>bis</i>-allylic D is near-saturated. This method enables rapid, accurate characterization of position and isotopomer-specific D composition and enables sequencing along the chain.