gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Spectrum Sharing in 5G Wireless Networks With Full-Duplex Technology: Recent Advances and Research Challenges (2017)

Full-duplex (FD) wireless technology enables a radio to transmit and receive on the same frequency band at the same time, and it is considered to be one of the candidate technologies for the fifth generation (5G) and beyond wireless communication systems due to its advantages, including potential doubling of the capacity and increased spectrum utilization efficiency. However, one of the main challenges of FD technology is the mitigation of strong self-interference (SI). Recent advances in different SI cancellation techniques, such as antenna cancellation, analog cancellation, and digital cancellation methods, have led to the feasibility of using FD technology in different wireless applications. Among potential applications, one important application area is dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) in wireless systems particularly 5G networks, where FD can provide several benefits and possibilities such as concurrent sensing and transmission (CST), concurrent transmission and reception, improved sensing efficiency and secondary throughput, and the mitigation of the hidden terminal problem. In this direction, first, starting with a detailed overview of FD-enabled DSS, we provide a comprehensive survey of recent advances in this domain. We then highlight several potential techniques for enabling FD operation in DSS wireless systems. Subsequently, we propose a novel communication framework to enable CST in DSS systems by employing a power control-based SI mitigation scheme and carry out the throughput performance analysis of this proposed framework. Finally, we discuss some open research issues and future directions with the objective of stimulating future research efforts in the emerging FD-enabled DSS wireless systems.
Axial silicon-germanium nanowire heterojunctions: Structural properties and carrier transport (2019)

We analyzed structural and electrical properties of axial Si-Ge nanowire heterojunctions produced by the vapor-liquid-solid growth method using Au nanoclusters as catalysts. The observed nonlinear current-voltage characteristics, strong flicker noise, and damped current oscillations with frequencies of 20–30 MHz are explained using a proposed Si-Ge nanowire heterojunction energy band diagram that includes energy states associated with structural imperfections, as revealed by transmission electron microscopy.
ISG15 Is Counteracted by Vaccinia Virus E3 Protein and Controls the Proinflammatory Response against Viral Infection (2013)

Conjugation of ISG15 inhibits replication of several viruses. Here, using an expression system for assaying human and mouse ISG15 conjugations (ISGylations), we have demonstrated that vaccinia virus E3 protein binds and antagonizes human and mouse ISG15 modification. To study ISGylation importance in poxvirus infection, we used a mouse model that expresses deconjugating proteases. Our results indicate that ISGylation restricts in vitro replication of the vaccinia virus VVΔE3L mutant but unconjugated ISG15 is crucial to counteract the inflammatory response produced after VVΔE3L infection.
Zeolite‐Based Photocatalysts (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SNF Interim Storage Canister Corrosion and Surface Environment Investigations (FY21 Status Report) (2021)

This progress report describes work performed during FY21 at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to assess the localized corrosion performance of canister materials used in the interim storage of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Of particular concern is stress corrosion cracking (SCC), by which a through-wall crack could potentially form in a canister outer wall over time intervals that are shorter than possible dry storage times. In FY21, modeling and experimental work was performed that further defined our understanding of the potential chemical and physical environment present on canister surfaces at both marine and inland sites. Research also evaluated the relationship between the environment and the rate, extent, and morphology of corrosion, as well as the corrosion processes that occur. Finally, crack growth rate testing under relevant environmental conditions was initiated.
Hydrogen Gas Evolution and Carbon Dioxide Fixation with Visible Light by Chlorophyllin Coupled with Polyethylene Glycol (1999)

Chlorophyllin a was conjugated with alpha-(3-aminopropyl)-omega-methoxypoly(oxyethylene), PEG-NH(2), to form the PEG-chlorophyllin conjugate through acid-amide bonds. The PEG-chlorophyllin conjugate was stable toward light illumination under anaerobic condition in comparison with chlorophyllin a. The conjugate catalyzed the reduction of methyl viologen in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol and the evolution of hydrogen gas in the presence of methyl viologen (an electron carrier), 2-mercaptoethanol (an electron donor) and hydrogenase (Scheme 1). Furthermore, the PEG-chlorophyllin conjugate catalyzed the photoreduction of NADP(+) or NAD(+) in the presence of ascorbate as an electron donor and ferredoxin-NADP(+) reductase as the coupling enzyme. Utilizing the reducing power of NADPH generated by the PEG-chlorophyllin conjugate under the illumination, CO(2) fixation was accomplished by the synthesis of malate (C(4)) from pyruvate (C(3)) and CO(2) in the presence of malic enzyme (Scheme 2). These reactions mentioned above did never proceed in dark or without each enzyme.
Free viewpoint video extraction, representation, coding, and rendering (2005)

Free viewpoint video provides the possibility to freely navigate within dynamic real world video scenes by choosing arbitrary viewpoints and view directions. So far, related work only considered free viewpoint video extraction, representation, and rendering methods. Compression and transmission has not yet been studied in detail and combined with the other components into one complete system. In this paper, we present such a complete system for efficient free viewpoint video extraction, representation, coding, and interactive rendering. Data representation is based on 3D mesh models and view-dependent texture mapping using video textures. The geometry extraction is based on a shape-from-silhouette algorithm. The resulting voxel models are converted into 3D meshes that are coded using MPEG-4 SNHC tools. The corresponding video textures are coded using an H.264/AVC codec. Our algorithms for view-dependent texture mapping have been adopted as an extension of MPEG-4 AFX. The presented results illustrate that based on the proposed methods a complete transmission system for efficient free viewpoint video can be built.
Reducing dynamic disorder in small-molecule organic semiconductors by suppressing large-amplitude thermal motions (2016)

Thermal vibrations and the dynamic disorder they create can detrimentally affect the transport properties of van der Waals bonded molecular semiconductors. The low-energy nature of these vibrations makes it difficult to access them experimentally, which is why we still lack clear molecular design rules to control and reduce dynamic disorder. In this study we discuss the promising organic semiconductors rubrene, 2,7-dioctyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothio-phene and 2,9-di-decyl-dinaphtho-[2,3-b:20,30-f]-thieno-[3,2-b]-thiophene in terms of an exceptionally low degree of dynamic disorder. In particular, we analyse diffuse scattering in transmission electron microscopy, to show that small molecules that have their side chains attached along the long axis of their conjugated core are better encapsulated in their crystal structure, which helps reduce large-amplitude thermal motions. Our work provides a general strategy for the design of new classes of very high mobility organic semiconductors with a low degree of dynamic disorder.
A light-gated transcriptional recorder for detecting cell-cell contacts (2022)

Abstract Technologies for detecting cell-cell contacts are powerful tools for studying a wide range of biological processes, from neuronal signaling to cancer-immune interactions within the tumor microenvironment. Here we report TRACC, a GPCR-based transcriptional recorder of cellular contacts, which converts contact events into stable transgene expression. TRACC is derived from our previous protein-protein interaction recorders, SPARK (Kim et al., 2017) and SPARK2 (Kim et al., 2019). TRACC incorporates light gating via the LOV domain, which provides user-defined temporal control of tool activation and reduces background. We show that TRACC detects cell-cell contacts with high specificity and sensitivity in mammalian cell culture and that it can be used to interrogate interactions between neurons and glioma, a form of brain cancer.
Effect of Si Addition on Oxidation Behavior of Nb Containing Ferritic Stainless Steel (2018)

The effect of Si on the oxidation resistance of high purity Nb containing 19% Cr ferritic stainless steels has been investigated by means of isothermal heating at temperatures up to 1273 K in air and, the structures of the scale and scale/metal interface were investigated with FE-SEM and FE-TEM. The results are as follows:
Relaxation strategy for the structural optimization of process flow sheets (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelaxation strategy for the structural optimization of process flow sheetsGary R. Kocis and Ignacio E. GrossmannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1987, 26, 9, 1869–1880Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00069a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00069a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views789Altmetric-Citations193LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A genome-wide association study identified a novel genetic loci STON1-GTF2A1L/LHCGR/FSHR for bilaterality of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (2017)

Bilateral neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes much more handicaps for patients than unilateral neovascular AMD. Although several AMD-susceptibility genes have been evaluated for their associations to bilaterality, genome-wide association study (GWAS) on bilaterality has been rarely reported. In the present study, we performed GWAS using neovascular AMD cases in East Asian. The discovery stage compared 581,252 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) between 803 unilateral and 321 bilateral Japanese cases but no SNP showed genome-wide significance, while SNPs at six regions showed P-value < 1.0 × 10<sup>-5</sup>, STON1-GTF2A1L/LHCGR/FSHR, PLXNA1, CTNNA3, ARMS2/HTRA1, LHFP, and FLJ38725. The first replication study for these six regions comparing 36 bilateral and 132 unilateral Japanese cases confirmed significant associations of rs4482537 (STON1-GTF2A1L/LHCGR/FSHR), rs2284665 (ARMS2/HTRA1), and rs8002574 (LHFP) to bilaterality. In the second replication study comparing 24 bilateral and 78 unilateral cases from Singapore, rs4482537 (STON1-GTF2A1L/LHCGR/FSHR) only showed significant association. Meta-analysis of discovery and replication studies confirmed genome-wide level significant association (P = 2.61 × 10<sup>-9</sup>) of rs4482537 (STON1-GTF2A1L/LHCGR/FSHR) and strong associations (P = 5.76 × 10<sup>-7</sup> and 9.73 × 10<sup>-7</sup>, respectively) of rs2284665 (ARMS2/HTRA1) and rs8002574 (LHFP). Our GWAS for neovascular AMD bilaterality found new genetic loci STON1-GTF2A1L/LHCGR/FSHR and confirmed the previously reported association of ARMS2/HTRA1.
Enhancement of transient thermal stability and flame retardancy of hydrophobic silica xerogel composites via carbon family material doping (2019)

In this study, we investigated the influence of the addition of carbon materials on the heat resistance and flame retardancy of silica xerogels. A mixed dispersion prepared by adding 0.1 to 2.5 wt% each of the carbon materials, graphene oxide (GO), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT:PSS), and carbon black (CB) to waterglass (SiO2 6%) was used as the raw material. By adding acid to this dispersion, a sol-gel reaction was carried out and the hydrogel obtained was hydrophobized with hydrochloric acid and a mixed solution of siloxane/isopropylalcohol . Finally, novel carbon-silica xerogel composites (SX-Carbon-X) were prepared via ambient pressure drying. Similarly, glass-fiber-reinforced silica xerogel composite sheets (GFR-SX-Carbon-X) were prepared by impregnating glass fibers with sol. The bulk densities of the samples obtained ranged from 0.204 to 0.217 g/cm3, their thermal conductivities ranged from 0.0187 to 0.0203 W/(m · K). As the amount of carbon material added was increased, the thermal decomposition temperature of the SX-Carbon-X shifted to higher temperatures. In the cone calorimeter test of GFR-SX-Carbon-X, moreover, adding at least 0.5% of the carbon material significantly reduced the combustion time and the peak heat release rate (PHRR), and the flame retardancy improved remarkably.
Brachytherapy for penile cancer: Efficacy and impact on sexual function (2013)

The PB seems to have a moderated impact on the sexual functions and the sexual behavior of the patients.
A revised classification for direct tooth-colored restorative materials. (2009)

Composite resins and glass-ionomer cements were introduced to dentistry in the 1960s and 1970s, respectively. Since then, there has been a series of modifications to both materials as well as the development other groups claiming intermediate characteristics between the two. The result is a confusion of materials leading to selection problems. While both materials are tooth-colored, there is a considerable difference in their properties, and it is important that each is used in the appropriate situation. Composite resin materials are esthetic and now show acceptable physical strength and wear resistance. However, they are hydrophobic, and therefore more difficult to handle in the oral environment, and cannot support ion migration. Also, the problems of gaining long-term adhesion to dentin have yet to be overcome. On the other hand, glass ionomers are water-based and therefore have the potential for ion migration, both inward and outward from the restoration, leading to a number of advantages. However, they lack the physical properties required for use in load-bearing areas. A logical classification designed to differentiate the materials was first published by McLean et al in 1994, but in the last 15 years, both types of material have undergone further research and modification. This paper is designed to bring the classification up to date so that the operator can make a suitable, evidence-based, choice when selecting a material for any given situation.
Training LVCSR Systems on Thousands of Hours of Data (2006)

Typical systems for large vocabulary conversational speech recognition (LVCSR) have been trained on a few hundred hours of carefully transcribed acoustic training data. The paper describes an LVCSR system for the conversational telephone speech (CTS) task trained on more than 2000 hours of data for which only approximate transcriptions were available. The challenges of dealing with such a large data set and the accuracy improvements over the small baseline system are discussed. The effect on both acoustic and language modelling performance is studied. Overall, increasing the training data size from 360 h to 2200 h and optimising the training procedure reduced the word error rate on the DARPA/NIST 2003 evaluation set by about 20% relative.
Efficient odd straight medium chain free fatty acid production by metabolically engineered Escherichia coli (2014)

ABSTRACT Free fatty acids (FFAs) can be used as precursors for the production of biofuels or chemicals. Different composition of FFAs will be useful for further modification of the biofuel/biochemical quality. Microbial biosynthesis of even chain FFAs can be achieved by introducing an acyl‐acyl carrier protein thioesterase gene into E . coli . In this study, odd straight medium chain FFAs production was investigated by using metabolic engineered E . coli carrying acyl‐ACP thioesterase (TE, Ricinus communis ), propionyl‐CoA synthase ( Salmonella enterica ), and β‐ketoacyl‐acyl carrier protein synthase III (four different sources) with supplement of extracellular propionate. By using these metabolically engineered E. coli , significant quantity of C13 and C15 odd straight‐chain FFAs could be produced from glucose and propionate. The highest concentration of total odd straight chain FFAs attained was 1205 mg/L by the strain HWK201 (pXZ18, pBHE2), and 85% of the odd straight chain FFAs was C15. However, the highest percentage of odd straight chain FFAs was achieved by the strain HWK201 (pXZ18, pBHE3) of 83.2% at 48 h. This strategy was also applied successfully in strains carrying different TE, such as the medium length acyl‐ACP thioesterase gene from Umbellularia californica . C11 and C13 became the major odd straight‐chain FFAs. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2014;111: 2209–2219. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in methanol decomposition on transition metal alloy clusters from scaling and Brønsted–Evans–Polanyi relationships (2012)

A combination of first principles Density Functional Theory calculations and thermochemical scaling relationships are employed to estimate the thermochemistry and kinetics of methanol decomposition on unsupported subnanometer metal clusters. The approach uses binding energies of various atomic and molecular species, determined on the pure metal clusters, to develop scaling relationships that are then further used to estimate the methanol decomposition thermodynamics for a series of pure and bimetallic clusters with four atoms per cluster. Additionally, activation energy barriers are estimated from Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi plots relating transition and final state energies on these clusters. The energetic results are combined with a simple, microkinetically-inspired rate expression to estimate reaction rates as a function of important catalytic descriptors, including the carbon and atomic oxygen binding energies to the clusters. Based on these analyses, several alloy clusters are identified as promising candidates for the methanol decomposition reaction.
Effects of perfusion on diffusion changes in human brain tumors (2013)

The ability to accurately identify changes in diffusion on traditional FDMs is confounded in areas where perfusion and diffusion changes are colocalized. Flow-compensated FDMs, which use only non-zero b-values, should therefore be the standard approach.
3D IC With Embedded Microfluidic Cooling: Technology, Thermal Performance, and Electrical Implications (2015)

In this paper, a novel thermal testbed with an embedded micropin-fin heat sink is designed and fabricated. The micropin-fin array has a nominal height of 200 μm and a diameter of 90 μm. Single phase and two phase thermal testing of the micropin-fin array heat sink are performed using deionized (D.I.) water as the coolant below atmospheric pressure. The measured pressure drop is as high as 100 kPa with a mass flux of 1637 kg/m2s at a heat flux of 400 W/cm2 in a two-phase regime. The heat transfer coefficient and the vapor quality are calculated and reported. The impact of microfluidic cooling on the electrical performance of the 3D interconnects is also analyzed. The high aspect ratio through silicon vias (TSVs) used in the electrical analysis have a nominal diameter of 10 μm.
Relationship of Knee Articular Cartilage Thickness to Body Mass Index and Gait Mechanics (2010)

In longitudinal studies, obesity has been shown to be a major risk factor for knee osteoarthritis (OA) (Felson, 1988), but the cause of this increased prevalence is not yet clear. A common hypothesis is that obesity increases joint loads due to increased body mass, causing the articular cartilage to experience higher load and degenerate more quickly (Griffin, 2005). However, it has been shown that in healthy, normal-weight subjects, knee cartilage thickness increases in proportion to the loads applied during ambulation (Andriacchi, 2004). It is not known whether this same relationship also holds true for obese people who do not have OA. Because it is difficult to measure joint loads directly in vivo, the external adduction moment can be used as a surrogate measure of the relative load distribution between the medial and lateral compartments of the knee (Andriacchi 2004). If cartilage responds positively to load, a higher adduction moment will be correlated with thicker cartilage on the medial side and thinner cartilage in the lateral compartment. Similarly, average cartilage thickness should be proportional to body mass index. Therefore the purpose of this study was to examine the following hypotheses in a group of healthy-weight, overweight, and obese individuals: 1. Average cartilage thickness in both compartments is proportional to body mass index (BMI). 2. Average cartilage thickness in the lateral compartment is inversely proportional to the knee adduction moment. 3. Average cartilage thickness in the medial compartment is proportional to the knee adduction moment. 4. The ratio of medial to lateral cartilage thickness is proportional to the adduction moment.
Freeze‐Align and Heat‐Fuse: Microwires and Networks from Nanoparticle Suspensions (2008)

Staying in line: Aqueous colloids (particle diameter 10–500 nm) are directionally frozen and freeze-dried to produce aligned microwires, which can be fused together by heat treatment with complete retention of the morphology. The method is generic: by controlling surface charge, the approach can be applied to metals, metal oxides, and organic polymers. A single microwire formed by the assembly of polystyrene colloids is shown. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z705512_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.