gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological heterogeneity of putative bladder cancer stem‐like cell populations from human bladder transitional cell carcinoma samples (2009)

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) is the most common type of bladder cancer. Emerging evidence has suggested that the capability of a tumor to grow and propagate is dependent on a small subset of cells, the cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells. We report on the isolation and biological characterization of putative bladder CSC populations from primary TCCs. Isolated cells were induced to proliferate in stem cell culture conditions (serum-free medium containing mitogenic growth factors). The proliferating cells formed spheroids (urospheres) and their abilities for extensive proliferation and self-renewal were assayed. Their positivity for several stem cell markers (CD133, Oct-3/4, nestin, and cytokeratins) was also assessed by immunofluorescence tests and they could have the potential to differentiate in the presence of serum. In stem cell culture conditions they gradually showed loss of proliferation, adherence to the substrate, and morphological changes, which might reflect their progressive acquisition of differentiative capacity and loss of self-renewal ability. To evaluate if effective cell selection occurred after isolation, conventional cytogenetic studies on fresh chromosome spreads immediately after isolation and after culture were carried out. In addition, a molecular cytogenetic study by UroVysion assay was carried out on paraffin-embedded tissue sections and on fresh and after culture nuclei preparations. The data collected indicated important karyotype changes and a positive selection for hypo- or near-diploid cells, losing the complexity present in fresh tumors.
Dropwise Condensation on/in High Roughness Structures (2016)

Water droplets on bio-mimicked hierarchical roughness exhibit superhydrophobic properties, such as large contact angles, minor dynamic hysteresis, and high mobility. Vapor condensation on such superhydrophobic surface enables rapid condensate removal and surface cleaning, thereby significantly enhancing the heat transfer coefficient. In this paper, research attention is given to dropwise condensation on/in specially designed one-tier and hierarchical roughness structures. Utilizing a normal optical tomographic system composed of a Sensi-Cam and a Nikon microscope, close-up visualization is conducted to characterize small condensate droplets, in size of a few micrometers, between structural units of roughness. Experimental snapshots show that, within the one-tier roughness, condensate droplets tend to stick to surrounding structures. Low mobility of these droplets extends their residence time, and therefore increases their average diameter. In comparison, surface energy of the hierarchical structure is significantly reduced. As a result, small condensate droplets behave nonsticky to their surroundings, which enable rapid drain of the droplets and accomplish self-cleaning of the structure. Because of high mobility, the droplet average diameter in the two-tier structure is smaller than those in the one-tire roughness. Condensation sites reach the maximum in the middle of the structure where dew point of moisture is reached. Less condensation droplets on both the top and bottom of the roughness are blamed to the unsaturated moisture and the reduced humidity, respectively.
Highly Functional Bioplastics (PLA compounds) Used for Electronic Products (2007)

We have developed highly functional bioplastics (biomass-based plastics), polylactic acid composites, which improve the environmental friendliness of electronic products. A kenaf-fiber-reinforced polylactic acid has high heat resistance, high impact strength, and good moldability, and its use in PC parts and mobile phone housing has started from September 2004 and May 2006 respectively. A thermoreversibly cross-linked polylactic acid has excellent shape memory and recyclability (i.e., rewritable shape memory), and was used to create freestyle (wearable) mobile products, shape of which users can easily adjust to their own preferences.
Spatial distributions of near-band-gap uv and yellow emission on MOCVD grown GaN epifilms (1998)

Near-band-gap UV and yellow band emission from metal-organic chemical vapor deposition grown GaN films on sapphires are investigated under laser excitation. The intensities of the UV and the yellow peaks increase at different rates as the entrance slit width of the spectrometer increases. The spatial distribution of the luminescence emission is analyzed through the dependence of photoluminescence intensity on the slit widths of the spectrometer. The yellow emission originates from a spot with a size about 1.5 times larger in diameter than the UV emission. Using an absorption mechanism, a Lorentzian line-shape distribution fit with the data gives estimated effective absorption coefficients of $47{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for the UV signal at 364 nm and of $32{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ for the yellow signal at 546 nm, which agrees perfectly with the ones from an exponential decay fit. Dependence of UV-to-yellow peak ratio on the slit widths of the spectrometer, and consistence with possible origins of yellow luminescence is discussed.
Improved range-discriminating ultrasonic vibrometer. (2009)

Improvements have been made to a previously reported continuous-wave ultrasonic vibrometer with range discrimination capabilities. In its current realization, the vibrometer incorporates a high-speed 16-bit arbitrary waveform generator as a signal source. The waveform generator shares a sample clock with the data acquisition system so that both the real and apparent spectral purity of each of the tones in a multitone carrier signal is preserved in the measurement. The new configuration provides increased control over the characteristics of the transmitted signal. It permits the exploitation of the full bandwidth capabilities of all of the hardware components of the system by removing a limit to the number of tones in the carrier. It also permits the relative phases of individual tones to be optimized in order to reduce the crest factor of the transmitted signal and better exploit the dynamic range of other system components. A further improvement in dynamic range has been achieved with an analog subtraction of the transmitter-receiver crosstalk, which is normally the largest received-signal component, prior to digitization. The improved vibrometer has been used to image shear wave fields in both tissue phantoms and inert tissue samples. [Work supported by ONR.]
An area-efficient minimum-time FFT schedule using single-ported memory (2013)

FFT design requires an exhaustive recoupling of data across successive stages of computation. The resulting memory access patterns have constantly-changing strides, making it hard to interleave the data for reliable conflict-free access of operand pairs. We modify an existing method of “swizzling” data locations so as to guarantee conflict-free access within any given stage and, with minimal support for buffering, we provide conflict-free access across the boundaries of adjoining stages as well. As a result, implementations that would naively require either a fully-associative, or at the very least a multiported register file, can be implemented using four single-ported banks of memory per butterfly unit, plus one bypass buffer. Because fewer ports means less area, and given that a butterfly must read two inputs and write two results for each cycle of operation, this solution should represent the least-area memory configuration for a resource-constrained FFT. Using this scheme, we show examples including a minimal one-butterfly FFT having 9% less area versus a competing equal-performance design and 20% better throughput versus a competing equal-area design.
Component and Printed Circuit Board (2013)

Since the invention of an integrated circuit (IC) in the latter part of the 1950s, the progress of development of new integrated circuits has been advanced very rapidly. Generally, heat is generated from the transistors on a small, thin, and fragile silicon die or chip inside the package. The chip package that is the housing for the silicon die serves to protect the chip from the environment and to facilitate the handling during the manufacturing process as well as chip interconnection.
Silencing of the ARP2/3 complex disturbs pancreatic cancer cell migration. (2013)

We offer comprehensive expression data on the ARP2/3 complex members for pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas. In addition, we show cell line-specific differences in ARP2/3 complex subunit dependency on cell migratory potential, and suggest ARPC4 to be one of the key members of the ARP2/3 complex in pancreatic cancer.
Data-Collection Capacity of IEEE 802.11-like Sensor Networks (2006)

Data-collection is an important application of sensor networks. This paper considers the scenario in which data generated from all sensors are to be forwarded to a single "data center" for processing. Although there have been many studies on this many-to-one communication scenario, it has generally been assumed that the data-collection capacity is upper-bounded by the link capacity L. We show that when the IEEE 802.11 protocol is used, the data-collection capacity has a tighter analytical upper-bound of 3L/4, and simulated throughput of 0.601L. In deriving our results, we introduce the notion of "canonical networks", which is a class of regularly-structured networks whose capacities can be analyzed more easily than unstructured networks. We argue that the capacities of canonical networks serve as a good benchmark for general networks in that the maximum possible capacity of any given network is unlikely to exceed the upper-bound capacity established for canonical networks.
Spatial loop interference suppression in full-duplex MIMO relays (2009)

The main technical problem in full-duplex relaying is to suppress the looping interference signal from relay transmission to relay reception. The earlier literature on the topic is mostly restricted to SISO channels. We take a step further and consider a system where the coverage of a MIMO transmission link is boosted with a two-hop full-duplex MIMO relay. First, we present a MIMO extension of SISO time-domain cancellation techniques based on subtraction of an estimated loop signal. We show how the loop interference can be suppressed in the spatial domain by applying multi-antenna techniques. The solution involves design of linear receive and transmit filters for the relay to improve the quality of the useful signal and to minimize the effect of the loop interference.We propose null space projection and minimum mean square error filters for spatial loop interference suppression as well as discuss shortly how to combine them with time-domain cancellation.
Kinetic Frustration Effects on Dense Two-Dimensional Packings of Convex Particles and Their Structural Characteristics (2021)

The study of hard-particle packings is of fundamental importance in physics, chemistry, cell biology, and discrete geometry. Much of the previous work on hard-particle packings concerns their densest possible arrangements. By contrast, we examine kinetic effects inevitably present in both numerical and experimental packing protocols. Specifically, we determine how changing the compression/shear rate of a two-dimensional packing of noncircular particles causes it to deviate from its densest possible configuration, which is always periodic. The adaptive shrinking cell (ASC) optimization scheme maximizes the packing fraction of a hard-particle packing by first applying random translations and rotations to the particles and then isotropically compressing and shearing the simulation box repeatedly until a possibly jammed state is reached. We use a stochastic implementation of the ASC optimization scheme to mimic different effective time scales by varying the number of particle moves between compressions/shears. We generate dense, effectively jammed, monodisperse, two-dimensional packings of obtuse scalene triangle, rhombus, curved triangle, lens, and "ice cream cone" (a semicircle grafted onto an isosceles triangle) shaped particles, with a wide range of packing fractions and degrees of order. To quantify these kinetic effects, we introduce the kinetic frustration index <i>K</i>, which measures the deviation of a packing from its maximum possible packing fraction. To investigate how kinetics affect short- and long-range ordering in these packings, we compute their spectral densities χ̃<sub><i>V</i></sub>(<b>k</b>) and characterize their contact networks. We find that kinetic effects are most significant when the particles have greater asphericity, less curvature, and less rotational symmetry. This work may be relevant to the design of laboratory packing protocols.
Differential effects of pulsatile versus steady flow on coronary endothelial membrane potential (2003)

Steady shear stress stimulates transient hyperpolarization coupled to calcium-sensitive potassium (KCa) channels and sustained depolarization linked to chloride-selective channels. Physiological flow is pulsatile not static, and whereas in vivo data suggest phasic shear stress may preferentially activate KCa channels, its differential effects on both currents remain largely unknown. To determine this interaction, coronary endothelial cells were cultured in glass capillary flow tubes, loaded with the voltage-sensitive dye bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol, and exposed to constant or pulsatile shear stress. The latter was generated by a custom servoperfusion system employing physiological pressure and flow waveforms. Steady shear induced a sustained depolarization inhibited by the Cl- channel blocker DIDS. Even after exposure to steady flow, subsequent transition to pulsatile shear stress further stimulated DIDS-sensitive depolarization. DIDS pretreatment "unmasked" a pulsatile flow-induced hyperpolarization of which magnitude was further enhanced by nifedipine, which augments epoxygenase synthesis. Pulse-shear hyperpolarization was fully blocked by KCa channel inhibition (charybdotoxin + apamin), although these agents had no influence on membrane potential altered by steady flow. Thus KCa-dependent hyperpolarization is preferentially stimulated by pulsatile over steady flow, whereas both can stimulate Cl--dependent depolarization. This supports studies showing greater potency of pulsatile flow for triggering KCa-dependent vasorelaxation.
Biomechanical Analysis of Superior and Anterior Precontoured Plate Fixation Techniques for Neer Type II-A Clavicle Fractures (2018)

Superior precontoured plates yielded biomechanically superior constructs compared with anterior precontoured and superior noncontoured plates. Using locking screws in the lateral fragment over nonlocking screws may improve overall superior precontoured plate construct survivability. However, our results were limited to a synthetic biomechanical model and require further investigation to establish a clinical correlation.
Synthesis of novel heterocycles from 2‐amino‐3‐(cyanomethylsulfonyl)thiophene (1998)

Abstract The synthesis and selected reactions of 2‐amino‐3‐(cyanomethylsulfonyl)thiophene is reported. In particular, cyclization reaction of the versatile aminothiophene yielded a number of novel thieno[3,2‐ b ][1,4]‐thiazine 1,1‐dioxides, as well as the analogous thieno[2,3‐ e ][1,3,4]thiadiazine 4,4‐dioxide. Reaction of the thienothiazine system with hydrazine was subsequently explored, which resulted in either ring‐opening of the thiazine and formation of an aminopyrazole or solely ring cleavage depending on the thiazine substituent. Additionally, the synthesis of bis(2‐amino‐3‐thienyl)sulfone and the corresponding bis‐acetamide is described.
Outcomes of the Novel Supreme Drug-Eluting Stent in Complex Coronary Lesions: A PIONEER III Substudy (2022)

This study suggests that the Supreme DES is as effective and safe at 1 ​year compared with the standard DP-EES across a broad spectrum of lesion complexity.
Introduction: Chemicals from Coal, Alkynes, and Biofuels (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction: Chemicals from Coal, Alkynes, and BiofuelsAvelino CormaView Author Information Instituto de Tecnologı́a Quı́mica (CSIC-UPV)Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 3, 1545–1546Publication Date (Web):February 12, 2014Publication History Published online12 February 2014Published inissue 12 February 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr400719ehttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr400719eeditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3236Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (843 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biomass,Catalysts,Coal,Hydrocarbons,Liquids Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of infinite-state systems with random behavior (2020)

Diversity in the exhibited behavior of a given system is a desirable characteristic in a variety of application contexts. Synthesis of conformant implementations often proceeds by discovering witnessing Skolem functions, which are traditionally deterministic. In this paper, we present a novel Skolem extraction algorithm to enable synthesis of witnesses with random behavior and demonstrate its applicability in the context of reactive systems. The synthesized solutions are guaranteed by design to meet the given specification, while exhibiting a high degree of diversity in their responses to external stimuli. Case studies demonstrate how our proposed framework unveils a novel application of synthesis in model-based fuzz testing to generate fuzzers of competitive performance to general-purpose alternatives, as well as the practical utility of synthesized controllers in robot motion planning problems.
A compact polarization diversity antenna for UWB systems (2008)

A compact polarization diversity antenna fabricated on different substrates for UWB systems is proposed. To obtain the wide bandwidth, the tapered CPW line is used and extended ground plane of the slot antenna makes the proposed antenna size smaller. The different substrates with different dielectric constants are also effective in enhancing the isolation between the feed ports of the two antennas. Consequently, the proposed antenna meets the frequency band 7.2 ∽ 9.2 GHz and shows the good isolation performance (S21 ≪ − 20 dB) and the stable radiation patterns over the upper UWB bandwidth. With the compact dimension characteristic, the proposed antenna can be used in the small types of UWB device used in indoor data transmission.
Low-Complex ICI Cancellation for Improving Doppler Performance in OFDM Systems (2006)

A combination of receiver windowing and inter-carrier interference (ICI) canceling is proposed for improving the Doppler performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) systems. The windowing reduces the ICI, and also reduces the required number of canceled bins. The effect of windowing is analytically derived, and bounds are given on the possible gain that can be obtained. Since successful ICI cancellation relies on that the channel can be accurately estimated, the paper also give examples for how different one-dimensional and two-dimensional channel estimators can be expected to work for various Doppler spread and delay spread of the channel. To verify that the proposed approach for ICI canceling works, as well as studying the impact of channel estimation errors, simulations are performed using the key parameters of DVB-H. As a result it is found that with proper channel estimation, windowing but no ICI cancellation can increase the allowed Doppler by 20%, ICI cancellation but no windowing can also increase the allowed Doppler by 20%, and if both windowing and ICI cancellation are used, the allowed Doppler can increase by more than 40%.
Arginine metabolism regulates human erythroid differentiation through hypusination of eIF5A (2023)

Metabolic programs contribute to hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) fate, but it is not known whether the metabolic regulation of protein synthesis controls HSPC differentiation. Here, we show that SLC7A1/cationic amino acid transporter 1-dependent arginine uptake and its catabolism to the polyamine spermidine control human erythroid specification of HSPCs via the activation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A). eIF5A activity is dependent on its hypusination, a posttranslational modification resulting from the conjugation of the aminobutyl moiety of spermidine to lysine. Notably, attenuation of hypusine synthesis in erythroid progenitors, by the inhibition of deoxyhypusine synthase, abrogates erythropoiesis but not myeloid cell differentiation. Proteomic profiling reveals mitochondrial translation to be a critical target of hypusinated eIF5A, and accordingly, progenitors with decreased hypusine activity exhibit diminished oxidative phosphorylation. This affected pathway is critical for eIF5A-regulated erythropoiesis, as interventions augmenting mitochondrial function partially rescue human erythropoiesis under conditions of attenuated hypusination. Levels of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (RPs) were especially sensitive to the loss of hypusine, and we find that the ineffective erythropoiesis linked to haploinsufficiency of RPS14 in chromosome 5q deletions in myelodysplastic syndrome is associated with a diminished pool of hypusinated eIF5A. Moreover, patients with RPL11-haploinsufficient Diamond-Blackfan anemia as well as CD34+ progenitors with downregulated RPL11 exhibit a markedly decreased hypusination in erythroid progenitors, concomitant with a loss of mitochondrial metabolism. Thus, eIF5A-dependent protein synthesis regulates human erythropoiesis, and our data reveal a novel role for RPs in controlling eIF5A hypusination in HSPCs, synchronizing mitochondrial metabolism with erythroid differentiation.
The International Framework for School Health Promotion: Supporting Young People Through and After the COVID‐19 Pandemic* (2023)

School systems, schools and teachers are encouraged to utilize the IFSHP to review and innovate existing school health programs to ensure they meet the increased physical and mental health needs of young people.