gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small angle neutron scattering from 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids ([Cnmim][PF6], n=4, 6, and 8) (2010)

The presence of local anisotropy in the bulk, isotropic, and ionic liquid phases-leading to local mesoscopic inhomogeneity-with nanoscale segregation and expanding nonpolar domains on increasing the length of the cation alkyl-substituents has been proposed on the basis of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. However, there has been little conclusive experimental evidence for the existence of intermediate mesoscopic structure between the first/second shell correlations shown by neutron scattering on short chain length based materials and the mesophase structure of the long chain length ionic liquid crystals. Herein, small angle neutron scattering measurements have been performed on selectively H/D-isotopically substituted 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids with butyl, hexyl, and octyl substituents. The data show the unambiguous existence of a diffraction peak in the low-Q region for all three liquids which moves to longer distances (lower Q), sharpens, and increases in intensity with increasing length of the alkyl substituent. It is notable, however, that this peak occurs at lower values of Q (longer length scale) than predicted in any of the previously published MD simulations of ionic liquids, and that the magnitude of the scattering from this peak is comparable with that from the remainder of the amorphous ionic liquid. This strongly suggests that the peak arises from the second coordination shells of the ions along the vector of alkyl-chain substituents as a consequence of increasing the anisotropy of the cation, and that there is little or no long-range correlated nanostructure in these ionic liquids.
D-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields for Dynamic Scenes (2021)

Neural rendering techniques combining machine learning with geometric reasoning have arisen as one of the most promising approaches for synthesizing novel views of a scene from a sparse set of images. Among these, stands out the Neural radiance fields (NeRF) [31], which trains a deep network to map 5D input coordinates (representing spatial location and viewing direction) into a volume density and view-dependent emitted radiance. However, despite achieving an unprecedented level of photorealism on the generated images, NeRF is only applicable to static scenes, where the same spatial location can be queried from different images. In this paper we introduce D-NeRF, a method that extends neural radiance fields to a dynamic domain, allowing to reconstruct and render novel images of objects under rigid and non-rigid motions from a single camera moving around the scene. For this purpose we consider time as an additional input to the system, and split the learning process in two main stages: one that encodes the scene into a canonical space and another that maps this canonical representation into the deformed scene at a particular time. Both mappings are simultaneously learned using fully-connected networks. Once the networks are trained, D-NeRF can render novel images, controlling both the camera view and the time variable, and thus, the object movement. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on scenes with objects under rigid, articulated and non-rigid motions. Code, model weights and the dynamic scenes dataset will be available at [1].
New Composites Based on Liquid Crystalline Elastomers and Electroactive Nanomaterials (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Computational Prediction of Heat Transfer to Gas Turbine Nozzle Guide Vanes With Roughened Surfaces (1998)

The local Mach number and heat transfer coefficient over the aerofoil surfaces and endwalls of a transonic gas turbine nozzle guide vane have been calculated. The computations were performed by solving the time-averaged Navier–Stokes equations using a fully three-dimensional computational code (CFDS), which is well established at Rolls-Royce. A model to predict the effects of roughness has been incorporated into CFDS and heat transfer levels have been calculated for both hydraulically smooth and transitionally rough surfaces. The roughness influences the calculations in two ways; first the mixing length at a certain height above the surface is increased; second the wall function used to reconcile the wall condition with the first grid point above the wall is also altered. The first involves a relatively straightforward shift of the origin in the van Driest damping function description, the second requires an integration of the momentum equation across the wall layer. A similar treatment applies to the energy equation. The calculations are compared with experimental contours of heat transfer coefficient obtained using both thin-film gages and the transient liquid crystal technique. Measurements were performed using both hydraulically smooth and roughened surfaces, and at engine-representative Mach and Reynolds numbers. The heat transfer results are discussed and interpreted in terms of surface-shear flow visualization using oil and dye techniques.
Rank-based multisensory fusion in multitarget video tracking (2006)

An attractive approach to improve tracking performance for visual surveillance is to use information from multiple visual sensory cues such as position, color, shape, etc. Previous work in fusion for tracking has tended to focus on fusion by numerically combining the scores assigned by each cue. We argue that for video scenes with many targets in a crowded situation, the splitting and merging of regions associated with targets, and the subsequent dramatic changes in cue values and reliabilities, renders this form of fusion less effective. In this paper we present experimental results showing that use of cue rank information in fusion produces a significantly better tracking result in crowded scenes. We also present a formalization of this fusion problem as a step in understanding why this effect occurs and how to build a tracking system that exploits it.
[Optimization of signaling pathways for bone regeneration]. (2008)

We have developed an ES cell-based monitoring system for osteogenic differentiation and identified a potent combination of osteogenic genes. ES cells were isolated from mice carrying a transgene expressing GFP driven by the 2.3 kb fragment of rat type I collagen alpha1 promoter. We have screened cDNA libraries and combinations of major osteogenesis-related genes and identified that the combination of constitutively active activin receptor-like kinase 6 (caALK6) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) was the minimal unit that induced GFP. These combinations of genes would be a potent and ideal tool for bone regeneration.
Voxel Based Multi Cycle Dosimetry for 177 Lu Theranostics application (2018)

Poster: EANM 18 / EP-0168 / Voxel Based Multi Cycle Dosimetry for 177Lu Theranostics application by: A. Vija1, M. Cachovan2; 1Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. Molecular Imaging, Hoffman Estates, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2Siemens Healthineers GmBH, Molecular Imaging, Forchheim, GERMANY
Geoengineering and the Accusation of Hubris (2015)

Geoengineering aims at a large-scale manipulation of the planetary environment in order to counteract climate change. Different ethical worries concerning geoengineering have been formulated. Amongst these a core wrong is often believed to be captured by a certain character trait, namely hubris. The value of referring to the concept of hubris, however, is not at all clear. What exactly does this concept entail, and what is its merit in evaluating proposals of geoengineering? This paper analyses the concept of hubris. It then argues that referring to this concept does indeed add an important perspective to an evaluation of the various proposals for geoengineering.
System Performance Optimization at Urban Rail-Highway Grade Crossings Using Online Adaptive Priority Strategy (2009)

The transit priority systems at grade crossings have been well studied over years. In urban areas, these systems often cause too much traffic delays due to the lack of real-time coordination between trains and the other traffic. The purpose of this study is to develop an online adaptive priority strategy to optimize traffic operation at successive grade crossings and take into account the impact on cross-street traffic. A mathematical model is proposed to minimize intersection delays for light rail transit (LRT) meanwhile keeping the impact on cross-street traffic as little as possible. To achieve this goal, we use overall passengers’ delay as the performance index, which is defined as the weighted online delay of the light rail vehicle (LRV) along successive intersections and the cross-street traffic delay based on statistics of historical data. The optimization of the overall delay is enabled by real-time arrival time prediction with GPS-instrumented vehicles. Green bands for both approaches of LRVs are formed to cover the online predicted arrival time at the first intersection, being wide enough to accommodate prediction errors while not too much to reduce impact on cross streets. To validate the proposed strategy, both numerical analysis and simulation test are conducted with trolley operation along a section of C Street in San Diego downtown area. With sensitivity analysis, we get further insight into the impact of user-defined parameters and prediction errors on the system performance. Compared with current signal timings, the obtained optimal timings demonstrate promising results.
Deployed Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence 2012 (2013)

This issue of AI Magazine features expanded versions of articles that discuss deployed applications from the 2012 AAAI Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence (IAAI‐12) .
Data from Consumption of the Fish Oil High-Fat Diet Uncouples Obesity and Mammary Tumor Growth through Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species in Protumor Macrophages (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Obesity is associated with increased risk of many types of cancer and can be induced by various high-fat diets (HFD) from different fat sources. It remains unknown whether fatty acid composition in different HFD influences obesity-associated tumor development. Here we report that consumption of either a cocoa butter or fish oil HFD induced similar obesity in mouse models. While obesity induced by the cocoa butter HFD was associated with accelerated mammary tumor growth, consumption of the fish oil HFD uncoupled obesity from increased mammary tumor growth and exhibited a decrease in protumor macrophages. Compared with fatty acid (FA) components in both HFDs, n-3 FA rich in the fish oil HFD induced significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and macrophage death. Moreover, A-FABP expression in the protumor macrophages facilitated intracellular transportation of n-3 FA and oxidation of mitochondrial FA. A-FABP deficiency diminished n-3 FA–mediated ROS production and macrophage death &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Together, our results demonstrate a novel mechanism by which n-3 FA induce ROS-mediated protumor macrophage death in an A-FABP–dependent manner.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study provides mechanistic insight into dietary supplementation with fish oil for breast cancer prevention and advances a new concept that not all HFDs leading to obesity are tumorigenic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
COMMERCIAL TESTING AND OPTIMIZATION STUDIES OF THE SURFACE PASTEURIZATION PROCESS OF CHICKEN1 (2000)

ABSTRACT The performance of the surface pasteurization process to reduce the bacteria levels on the surface of chicken was tested on carcasses received from federally inspected commercial processing plants. These tests were made with carcasses that had been chilled and shipped overnight with ice packs. The tests and follow‐up experiments showed the visceral cavity was not treated as effectively as the outside. A second series of tests with chicken halves which eliminated the difficulty with the cavity, produced significant kills in E. coli, coliform, and total aerobic plate counts. Further research with chicken purchased at the supermarket established optimum process conditions as initial vacuum of 0.1 s, steam at 138C for 0.1 s, and final vacuum of 0.5 s. At these conditions, for half carcasses, bacteria kills for E. coli, coliforms, and APC generally ranged from approximately 0.5 to 1.0 log cfu/mL. The process is being modified to assure adequate treatment of the cavity
Parallel Processings for Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Method. (1995)

Parallel processing for the DSMC method (direct simulation Monte Carlo method) using a multiprocessor computer is discussed in this paper. Rarefied gas flows through a finite length circular tube, over a flat plate, and in aclosed cavity were simulated by the DSMC method. The performance of parallel processing with a dynamic domain decomposition technique is evaluated in terms of parallel processing efficiencies and acceleration. An estimation method of parallel processing for evaluation of the DSMC method is proposed.
α2‐Adrenoceptors Mediate Inhibition of Cyclic AMP Production in the Spinal Cord After Stimulation of Cyclic AMP with Forskolin but Not After Stimulation with Capsaicin or Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (1989)

In slices obtained from the ventral and the dorsal guinea pig spinal cord both forskolin and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) caused a dose-dependent stimulation of the production of cyclic AMP. By contrast capsaicin stimulated cyclic AMP formation only in the dorsal cord; no effect was observed in the ventral cord. The alpha 2-adrenergic agonist UK-14,304 dose-dependently inhibited the production of cyclic AMP in both the dorsal and ventral aspects of the cord when the formation of cyclic AMP had been stimulated with 3 microM forskolin, the maximal inhibition amounting to 25-32%. Also the basal (i.e., unstimulated) production of cyclic AMP was inhibited, the inhibition amounting to about 16-18%. However, after stimulation of cyclic AMP formation in the dorsal cord with capsaicin, UK-14,304 was virtually ineffective in inhibiting the accumulation of cyclic AMP. Also, when the formation of cyclic AMP was stimulated with VIP, UK-14,304 was virtually ineffective in inhibiting the formation of cyclic AMP both in the ventral and the dorsal parts of the cord. When cyclic AMP production had been stimulated with forskolin the ability of UK-14,304 to inhibit the formation of cyclic AMP was not attenuated by capsaicin, either in the ventral or in the dorsal cord. The results are discussed with the notion that cyclic AMP inhibitory spinal cord alpha 2-adrenoceptors are located on cells accessible to stimulation of cyclic AMP with forskolin but not with capsaicin or VIP.
High-accuracy resist development process with wide margins by quick removal of reaction products (1994)

We have demonstrated that highly reliable resist patterning is achieved by effectively removing reaction products by means of ultrasonic development and the addition of surfactant to the developer. It has been found that the reaction products form a stagnant layer, resulting in preventing the resist-developer reaction. Thus, the existence of the stagnant layer leads to the fluctuation of the developing characteristics and the degradation of the resist contrast, resist sensitivity, and process margins. To quickly remove the stagnant layer from the resist-developer reaction interface, two techniques are employed: physical method of developing with ultrasonic agitation and chemical method of the addition of surfactant to developer. In addition, it has been found that the agitation of developer lowers the etch rate of (100) Si and prevents the appearance of pyramid-shaped etch pits on Si surface.
Involvement of Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies (2002)

Although transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases are neurodegenerative disorders, the immune system is also involved, at least in the early stages of their pathogenesis. Extensive studies have focused on cells targeted by the TSE agent for its replication but few on the possible involvement of macrophages in its clearance, as in more conventional diseases. This review summarises some of the experiments aimed at demonstrating a role for macrophages in TSE and presents the application to TSE of the macrophage "suicide" technique, which has been used to clarify the implication of these cells in the early steps of TSE pathogenesis.
Growth and Gastrointestinal Tolerance in Healthy Term Infants Fed Milk-Based Infant Formula Supplemented with Five Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): A Randomized Multicenter Trial (2022)

<i>Background</i>: Five of the most abundant human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in human milk are 2'-fucosyllactose (2'-FL), 3-fucosyllactose (3-FL), lacto-N-tetraose (LNT), 3'-sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL). <i>Methods</i>: A randomized, double-blind, controlled parallel feeding trial evaluated growth in healthy term infants fed a control milk-based formula (CF; n = 129), experimental milk-based formula (EF; n = 130) containing five HMOs (5.75 g/L; 2'-FL, 3-FL, LNT, 3'-SL and 6'-SL) or human milk (HM; n = 104). <i>Results</i>: No significant differences (all <i>p</i> ≥ 0.337, protocol evaluable cohort) were observed among the three groups for weight gain per day from 14 to 119 days (D) of age, irrespective of COVID-19 or combined non-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. There were no differences (<i>p</i> ≥ 0.05) among the three groups for gains in weight and length from D14 to D119. Compared to the CF group, the EF group had more stools that were soft, frequent and yellow and were similar to the HM group. Serious and non-serious adverse events were not different among groups, but more CF-fed infants were seen by health care professionals for illness from study entry to D56 (<i>p</i> = 0.044) and D84 (<i>p</i> = 0.028) compared to EF-fed infants. <i>Conclusions</i>: The study demonstrated that the EF containing five HMOs supported normal growth, gastrointestinal (GI) tolerance and safe use in healthy term infants.
An integrated RF match and baseband termination supporting 395 MHz instantaneous bandwidth for high power amplifier applications (2017)

An integrated passive device (IPD) supporting both RF and baseband impedance matching is proposed that is directly suitable for high power, multiband amplifier applications. The impedance matching method and design techniques are discussed. As proof-of-concept, we present an LDMOS Doherty power amplifier (PA) with 400 W peak power using the proposed IPD to demonstrate 20% fractional RF bandwidth with low baseband impedance. Measurements of the Doherty PA with digital pre-distortion system indicate that the amplifier achieves over 40% drain efficiency at average P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">out</sub> of 48.5 dBm with over 15 dB of gain during concurrent transmission of 3GPP Band 3 & Band 66 from 1.805-2.2 GHz while meeting ACPR of -53 dBc. The results represent over 2 times improvement of instantaneous bandwidth capability over prior work and enables for the first time 395 MHz instantaneous bandwidth capability for high power downlink cellular infrastructure communication systems.
Diamond based light-emitting diode for visible single-photon emission at room temperature (2011)

Diamond-based p-i-n light-emitting diodes capable of single-photon emission in the visible spectral region at room temperature are discussed. The diodes were fabricated on a high quality single crystal diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition. Implantation of boron and phosphorus ions followed by annealing at a temperature of 1600 °C has been used for doping p-type and n-type areas, respectively. Electrical characterization of the devices demonstrates clear diode behavior. Spectra of electroluminescence generated in the i-area reveal sole emission from the neutral nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defects. Photon antibunching implies single-photon character of this emission when generated by individual NV defects.
PIV Characterization of High Speed Centrifugal Compressor Impeller-Diffuser Interaction (2007)

High density instantaneous and rotor phase locked velocity field measurements are made in the centrifugal compressor diffuser vaneless space by means of the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique. The technique is challenged in this application by a small length scale and large velocities yielding very small flow time scales and demanding the use of extremely small flow tracking particles. The experiments reveal a detail picture of the rotor phase-locked average impeller exit and diffuser inlet flow field as is useful for unsteady flow modeling. Strong passage velocity gradients exist across the vaneless space up to the diffuser vanes, showing that the phase-locked averaged impeller exit flow presents a highly unsteady non-mixed-out velocity field for the downstream vane row. This unsteady vane intake is thus characterized by a strong fluctuation in incidence angle with the passing blade event. Measured time variation in the velocity field indicates a significant time varying potential field due to incidence fluctuations.
MMSE acquisition of DSSS acoustic communications signals (2005)

A method for acquisition of direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signals based on a minimum mean-square error (MMSE) receiver is presented. An adaptive decision feedback equalizer (DFE), operating at the chip rate, uses the known spreading code as training data. A fixed number of unmodulated code periods is transmitted for acquisition purposes. An arbitrarily chosen initial code timing is hypothesized, and this timing is used to adapt the DFE and despread the chip estimates at its output. When the despreader output exceeds a threshold, lock is declared, and the receiver switches from acquisition to tracking mode. If the threshold is not exceeded during a pre-specified amount of time, a different initial timing is hypothesized, and the receiver is re-initialized. The locally generated code can be advanced by a number of chips that is proportional to the length of the feedforward equalizer filter. The MMSE receiver also automatically acquires and tracks the Doppler shift that results from source-receiver motion using a phase-locked loop and integrated sample-rate interpolation. Code acquisition is demonstrated using experimental data with length 63 Kasami sequences transmitted at a chip rate of 10 kHz for a resulting data rate of 150 bps. Up to 8 simultaneous users are reliably acquired and demodulated using the recursive least-squares (RLS) update algorithm.