gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
White light thermoplasmonic activated gold nanorod arrays enable the photo-thermal disinfection of medical tools from bacterial contamination (2023)

The outspread of bacterial pathogens causing severe infections and spreading rapidly, especially among hospitalized patients, is worrying and represents a global public health issue. Current disinfection techniques are becoming insufficient to counteract the spread of these pathogens because they carry multiple antibiotic-resistance genes. For this reason, a constant need exists for new technological solutions that rely on physical methods rather than chemicals. Nanotechnology support provides novel and unexplored opportunities to boost groundbreaking, next-gen solutions. With the help of plasmonic-assisted nanomaterials, we present and discuss our findings in innovative bacterial disinfection techniques. Gold nanorods (AuNRs) immobilized on rigid substrates are utilized as efficient white light-to-heat transducers (thermoplasmonic effect) for photo-thermal (PT) disinfection. The resulting AuNRs array shows a high sensitivity change in refractive index and an extraordinary capability in converting white light to heat, producing a temperature change greater than 50 °C in a few minute interval illumination time. Results were validated using a theoretical approach based on a diffusive heat transfer model. Experiments performed with a strain of <i>Escherichia coli</i> as a model microorganism confirm the excellent capability of the AuNRs array to reduce the bacteria viability upon white light illumination. Conversely, the <i>E. coli</i> cells remain viable without white light illumination, which also confirms the lack of intrinsic toxicity of the AuNRs array. The PT transduction capability of the AuNRs array is utilized to produce white light heating of medical tools used during surgical treatments, generating a temperature increase that can be controlled and is suitable for disinfection. Our findings are pioneering a new opportunity for healthcare facilities since the reported methodology allows non-hazardous disinfection of medical devices by simply employing a conventional white light lamp.
Statistical Analysis of Microstructures in Materials Science (2001)

Dedication to G?nter Bach. Preface. Series Preface. Acknowledgements. List of Notation. List of Source Codes. Introduction. Methodological Tools. Statistical Estimation of Basic Characteristics. Basic Characteristics and Digitalization. Covariance and Spectral Density. Size Distribution of Spherical Particles. Nonspherical Particles of Constant Shape. Size-Shape Distribution of Particles. Arrangement of Objects. Single-Phase Polyhedral Microstructures. Appendix A: Characteristics of Geometric Objects. Appendix B: Software Utilities. References. Index.
Use of ambient lighting during colonoscopy and its effect on adenoma detection rate and eye fatigue: results of a pilot study (2021)

<b>Background and study aims </b> Adenoma detection rate (ADR) appears to decrease as the number of consecutive hours performing procedures increases, and eye strain may be a contributing factor. Ambient light may improve symptoms of eye strain, but its effects have yet to be explored in the field of gastroenterology. We aim to determine if using ambient lighting during screening colonoscopy will maintain ADRs and improve eye strain symptoms compared with low lighting. <b>Methods </b> At a single center, retrospective data were collected on colonoscopies performed under low lighting and compared to prospective data collected on colonoscopies with ambient lighting. Eye fatigue surveys were completed by gastroenterologists. Satisfaction surveys were completed by physicians and staff. <b>Results </b> Of 498 low light and 611 ambient light cases, 172 and 220 adenomas were detected, respectively ( <i>P</i> = 0.611). Under low lighting, the ADR decreased 5.6 % from first to last case of the day ( <i>P</i> = 0.2658). With ambient lighting, the ADR increased by 2.80 % ( <i>P</i> = 0.5445). The difference in the overall change in ADR between first and last cases with ambient light versus low light was statistically significant (8.40 % total unit change, <i>P</i> = 0.01). The average eye strain scores were 8.12 with low light, and 5.63 with ambient light ( <i>P</i> = 0.3341). <b>Conclusions </b> Performing screening colonoscopies with ambient light may improve the differential change in ADR that occurs from the beginning to the end of the day. This improvement in ADR may be related to improvement in operator fatigue. The effect of ambient light on eye strain is unclear. Further investigation is warranted on the impact of ambient light on symptoms of eye strain and ADR.
Digital Signal Generators (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Sinewave Generators Noise Generators Practical Applications Experiments and Program Examples References Exercises
Effective activation energy in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems (1992)

Magnetic relaxation in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O systems has been investigated in a wide temperature regime. Previously reported studies of the effective activation energy, U, have been controversial in terms of temperature and field dependence of the critical current density, j[sub c]. We have considered the temperature dependence of j[sub c] and constructed the U-j (or M) curves for the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system. We found that at a constant driving force and temperature, U is considerably higher for 2245 samples than for 2223 samples. This enhancement can be attributed to the flux pinning from finely dispersed calcium- and copper- rich precipitates.
A MEASUREMENT OF THE DIPOLE MOMENT IN THE $A^{2}\Sigma^{+}$ STATE OF OD (1972)

A high field level-crossing experiment has been performed in the $F = 1$, $J = {3/2}$ level of the $A^{2}\\Sigma^{+}$ state of the OD molecule, resulting in a measured hyperfine splitting of $b \\ +\\ c/5 = 213.9 \\ \\pm \\ 2$ MHz. A static dc electric field applied to the radical produces a shift of the crossing point and results in a measurement of the dipole moment for the $A^{2}\\Sigma^{+}$ state. Preliminary results indicate agreement with Scarl and $Dalby’s^{1}$ measurement of $2.15 + 0.07$ Debye for the $\\nu ^{\\prime} = 0$ level of the A state of OD.
Inhibition of higher plant 2,3-oxidosqualene cyclase by 2-aza-2,3-dihydrosqualene and its derivatives (1983)

L. Delprino, G. Balliano, L. Cattel, P. Benveniste and P. Bouvier, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1983, 381 DOI: 10.1039/C39830000381
The murine Kupffer cell. I. Characterization of the cell serving accessory function in antigen-specific T cell proliferation. (1979)

Murine Kupffer cells, the tissue macrophages of the liver, were isolated by collagenase digestion, differential sedimentation over Metrizamide, and glass adherence. The resultant cell population was more than 86% phagocytic, and 95% of cells stained positively for alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase activity. The cells also had cell surface receptors for complement (C) and the Fc portion of IgG. In addition, a large proportion of Kupffer cells was shown to bear Ia antigens: about half of the cells bore I-A subregion-encoded antigens and about half bore I-BJE or I-EC subregion-encoded antigens. Kupffer cell populations were capable of reconstituting antigen-stimulated proliferative responses of antigen-primed, macrophage-depleted, lymph node T cells. The ability to reconstitute proliferation was enriched in the adherent population and was resistant to radiation and treatment with an anti-Thy antiserum and C. We conclude that isolated murine Kupffer cells bear the Ia phenotype of accessory cells that function in antigen presentation and that Kupffer cells can participate in the induction of antigen-specific immune responses. These data suggest that Kupffer cells may play a role in modulating responses to enterically derived antigens.
Essays in Health Economics (2018)

In my dissertation, I study physician behavior and the role of physician styles. Chapter 1 establishes quasi-experimental evidence that physician styles (and not the sorting of patients) drive roughly 70% of variation in health care usage in U.S. Medicare after controlling for patient observables. The natural experiment relies on changes in the referral network of doctors for quasi-random assignment of patients to providers. Chapter 2 extends the investigation using the same natural experiment to study the effect of more health care on patient health. I find that more intensive medical care has minimal impact on patient mortality and hospitalization rates. However, I also show that patients who quasi-randomly receive more care initially also use more care in the longer-run as well. These two chapters establish that physician styles exist and that more intensive doctors do not appear to produce better patient outcomes. Chapter 3 studies how physician styles adapt to a negative income shock. In response to a nation-wide -5% change in Medicare reimbursement for physician services in 2002, doctors did not appear to dramatically adjust their behavior, suggesting no evidence of a short-run income effect by physicians.
On–Off Porosity Switching in a Molecular Organic Solid (2010)

Pulling the old switcheroo: Microporosity can be switched “on” and “off” in a crystalline molecular organic solid composed of cage molecules (see scheme). The switch is facilitated by conformational flexibility in the soft organic crystal state.
Create BLAST database using CyVerse v1 (2017)

Shows how to create a BLAST db using CyVerse. This example creates a database from E. coli's genome due to size constraints. This protocol is intended to demonstrate the methodology to creat the db but will not have any practicality since the db is only of E. coli's genome.
HINT: Hierarchical Invertible Neural Transport for General and Sequential Bayesian inference. (2019)

In this paper, we introduce Hierarchical Invertible Neural Transport (HINT), an algorithm that merges Invertible Neural Networks and optimal transport to sample from a posterior distribution in a Bayesian framework. This method exploits a hierarchical architecture to construct a Knothe-Rosenblatt transport map between an arbitrary density and the joint density of hidden variables and observations. After training the map, samples from the posterior can be immediately recovered for any contingent observation. Any underlying model evaluation can be performed fully offline from training without the need of a model-gradient. Furthermore, no analytical evaluation of the prior is necessary, which makes HINT an ideal candidate for sequential Bayesian inference. We demonstrate the efficacy of HINT on two numerical experiments.
Connection of Stereoselectivity, Regioselectivity, and Molecular Weight Capability in rac-R′2Si(2-Me-4-R-indenyl)2ZrCl2 Type Catalysts (2018)

A set of 19 silicon-bridged C2-symmetric zirconocenes rac-R′2Si(2-Me-4-R-indenyl)2ZrCl2 of varying steric demand in position 4 were synthesized and screened in propene homopolymerization in a high-throughput experimental setup. The size and accuracy of the experimental data set allow to identify surprisingly good correlations among stereoselectivity, regioselectivity, and molecular weight capability (R2 ≈ 0.8–0.9) over a broad range. We rationalize this trend by assuming that steric tuning in the 4-position affects both preferred insertion and stereoerror formation similarly but leaves other barriers largely unaffected. A quantitative structure–activity relationship based on one single computational descriptor, Δ%VBur—using the difference in the percent of buried volume between the “blocked” and “open” quadrants of the catalyst precursor—is established. Provided that a large sphere of 5.0 Å is used, stereoselectivity can be predicted with unprecedented accuracy, i.e., a mean average deviation (MAD) of 0.18 kcal/mol (ΔΔG‡enantio), 0.0007 (σ, probability that the preferred propene enantioface is selected at an active site of given chirality), or 0.3% (mmmm pentads). On the basis of this empirical model, we predicted that the catalyst with R = o-tolyl is an ideal candidate for high stereoselectivity/high MW capability. Ad hoc synthesis and testing of the precursor confirmed the expectations: the catalyst shows the highest stereoselectivity reported so far (σ = 0.9999) for metallocenes at 60 °C, while maintaining a high MW capability (Mw > 1 MDa) and relatively high regioselectivity.
Distinctive role of donor strain immature dendritic cells in the creation of allograft tolerance (2006)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are pivotal antigen-presenting cells and serve a unique role in initiating immunity. To test the hypothesis that pre-immunization of recipient with certain DC subsets of donor origin can influence graft outcome, we have studied the effects of immunization with allogeneic CD4(+)CD8(-)CD11c(+) dendritic cell (CD4(+)DC) and CD4(-)CD8(+)CD11c(+) dendritic cell (CD8(+)DC) on the allograft response. Although both immature CD4(+)DC and CD8(+)DC subsets from DBA/2 were able to prime naive allogeneic C57BL/6 (B6) T cells in mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR), CD8(+)DC exerted more vigorous alloimmune responses than CD4(+)DC did. Also, CD4(+)DC-driven allogeneic T cell response was attenuated more significantly by anti-CD154 mAb than CD8(+)DC-driven response. Consistent with the MLR results, combined pre-treatment with CD4(+)DC, but not CD8(+)DC, plus anti-CD154 mAb produced donor strain-specific long-term graft survival and induced tolerance while treatment with CD8(+)DC plus anti-CD154 mAb created minimal prolongation of allograft survival in a pancreas islet transplant model (DBA/2-->B6). The beneficial effects exerted by CD4(+)DC and anti-CD154 mAb pre-treatment were correlated with T(h)1 to T(h)2 immune deviation and with the amplified donor-specific suppressive capacity by recipient CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells. These findings highlight the capacity of CD4(+)DC to modulate alloimmune responses, and suggest therapeutic approaches for the induction of donor-specific tolerance.
Polarization states and output powers of a CO_2 laser with an electro-optic phase retarder (1996)

We study the power output and polarization state of a CO(2) laser that contains both passive polarization-sensitive elements (Brewster plates) and an active phase-retarding electro-optic modulator (CdTe crystal). The theoretical threshold condition (i.e., the retardation required to extinguish the laser) is obtained from a cavity round-trip Jones matrix. We show that adding extra Brewster plates may be counterproductive in that the required retardation voltage increases. We calculated the output power, which depends on the saturated gain properties of the active media, by iterative modeling, with the elliptically polarized light propagated repeatedly around the cavity. We compare the theory with results from a folded rf-excited waveguide CO(2) laser (Laser Ecosse Model CM3500). Theory and experiment are in fair agreement for low powers. As expected, at high powers there are extra difficulties in modeling the cavity behavior, probably because of distortions induced in and by the crystal.
Discovery of a Highly Selective STK16 Kinase Inhibitor (2016)

STK16, a serine/threonine protein kinase, is ubiquitously expressed and is conserved among all eukaryotes. STK16 has been implicated to function in a variety of cellular processes such as VEGF and cargo secretion, but the pathways through which these effects are mediated remain to be elucidated. Through screening of our focused library of kinase inhibitors, we discovered a highly selective ATP competitive inhibitor, STK16-IN-1, which exhibits potent inhibitory activity against STK16 kinase (IC50: 0.295 μM) with excellent selectivity across the kinome as assessed using the KinomeScan profiling assay (S score (1) = 0.0). In MCF-7 cells, treatment with STK16-IN-1 results in a reduction in cell number and accumulation of binucleated cells, which can be recapitulated by RNAi knockdown of STK16. Co-treatment of STK16-IN-1 with chemotherapeutics such as cisplatin, doxorubicin, colchicine, and paclitaxel results in a slight potentiation of the antiproliferative effects of the chemotherapeutics. STK16-IN-1 provides a useful tool compound for further elucidating the biological functions of STK16.
RT-WiFi: Real-Time High-Speed Communication Protocol for Wireless Cyber-Physical Control Applications (2013)

Applying wireless technologies in control systems can significantly enhance the system mobility and reduce the deployment and maintenance cost. Existing wireless technology standards, however either cannot provide real-time guarantee on packet delivery or are not fast enough to support high-speed control systems which typically require 1kHz or higher sampling rate. Nondeterministic packet transmission and insufficiently high sampling rate will severely hurt the control performance. To address this problem, in this paper, we present our design and implementation of a real-time high-speed wireless communication protocol called RT-WiFi. RT-WiFi is a TDMA data link layer protocol based on IEEE 802.11 physical layer to provide deterministic timing guarantee on packet delivery and high sampling rate up to 6kHz. It incorporates configurable components for adjusting design trade-offs including sampling rate, latency variance, reliability, and compatibility to existing Wi-Fi networks, thus can serve as an ideal communication platform for supporting a wide range of high-speed wireless control systems. We implemented RT-WiFi on commercial off-the-shelf hardware and integrated it into a mobile gait rehabilitation system. Our extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of RT-WiFi in providing deterministic packet delivery in both data link layer and application layer, which further eases the controller design and significantly improve the control performance.
Enzymatic Deprotection of Methylthiomethyl Esters: Synthesis of O-(Carbamoyl) and O-(Sulfamoyl)salicylic Acids (1991)

Abstract An enzymatic selective deprotection of methylthiomethyl esters via their sulfone derivatives in presence of labile carbamoyloxy as well as sulfamoyloxy functionalities lead to the formation of O-(carbamoyl) and O-(sulfamoyl)salicylic acids respectively.
Generation of expressed sequence tags for discovery of genes responsible for floral traits of Chrysanthemum morifolium by next-generation sequencing technology (2017)

After publication of the original article [1] the authors noted that the following errors had occurred.
The SPARCHS Project: Hardware Support for Software Security (2011)

The SPARCHS project is considering a new computer systems design methodology that considers security as a first-order design requirement at all levels, starting from hardware, in addition to the usual design requirements such as programmability, usability, speed, and power/energy- efficiency. The rest of the paper describes the proposed hardware security mechanisms and the current status of the project.
Finding Optimal Neuromodulation for Chronic Pain: Waves, Bursts, and Beyond (2020)

Advances in SCS device technology and waveforms have improved patient outcomes, leading to its increased utilization of SCS for chronic pain. These improvements and the development of closed-loop SCS have been increasingly promising development and foster a clinical translation of improved pain relief as the years of research and clinical study beyond conventional SCS waveform come to fruition.
Highly Reliable GaAs MESFETs with a Static Mean NF/sub min/ of 0.89 db and a Standard Deviation of 0.07 db at 4 GHz (2005)

Optimization of structure and configuration of GaAs MESFETs for high performance and high reliability was investigated. GaAs MESFETs with the NF/sub min/ of 0.89 dB and the standard deviation of 0.07 dB at 4 GHz, the CW and pulse input power capability more than 0.4 W and 2 W, respectively and the failure rate less than 180 Fit have become practical.
Direct Electrochemistry of Glucose Oxidase at a Gold Electrode Modified with Graphene Nanosheets (2012)

In this work, we report the direct electrochemistry of glucose oxidase (GOD) observed at a gold electrode modified with graphene nanosheets. Initially, graphene nanosheets were synthesized and conjugated to the enzyme GOD and immobilized on to a gold electrode surface. Cyclic voltammetry was then performed using Gold-Graphene-GOD modified electrodes in a pH 7.2 phosphate buffered saline (PBS). A pair of well-defined redox peaks was obtained for GOD with the reduction peak centered at +180 mV and a peak separation of 70 mV in PBS under physiological conditions. Moreover, the electron transfer rate of GOD redox reaction was greatly enhanced and the peak potential was found to be pH dependent at the graphene-GOD surface. Further, the performance of the Gold-Graphene-GOD was found to be stable and excellent under physiological conditions indicating the possibility of employing this platform for real time analysis. The observed results indicated that the 2D-graphene holds great promise for conjugation ability with a variety of enzymes. Further, our results also confirmed that graphene is capable of holding the enzyme GOD in a favorable position and retains its original structure and functionality that are essential for biosensing.
Intestinal capillary exchange capacity and oxygen delivery-to-demand ratio (1983)

The relations between intestinal capillary exchange capacity and various determinants of tissue oxygenation were characterized in autoperfused, denervated preparations of the canine ileum. Ileal metabolic demand was either increased (intraluminal glucose) or decreased (graded reductions in intraluminal temperature) while measuring blood flow, arterial oxygen content, arteriovenous oxygen difference, and the capillary filtration coefficient (an index of capillary exchange capacity). No significant correlations were obtained between the capillary filtration coefficient and 1) blood flow), 2) oxygen delivery, or 3) oxygen demand. The capillary filtration coefficient was directly related to the arteriovenous oxygen difference and inversely related to the oxygen delivery-to-demand ratio. These observations support the hypothesis that intrinsic modulation of oxygen extraction is mediated by vascular elements which govern capillary exchange capacity and that capillary exchange capacity is inversely related to the oxygen delivery-to-demand ratio.
Processing and Templating of Bioactive-Loaded Polymeric Neural Architectures: Challenges and Innovative Strategies (2012)

© 2012 Pillay et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Processing and Templating of Bioactive-Loaded Polymeric Neural Architectures: Challenges and Innovative Strategies