gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
United States FDA’s emergency use authorization of Ebola virus diagnostics: current impact and lessons for the future (2015)

The Ebola outbreak that took hold in West Africa in 2014 outran the epidemic response capacity of many organizations. Five months after the epidemic was first declared, there were still only two laboratories in West Africa with the capacity to confirm Ebola virus infection. In the summer of 2014, before the first case of imported Ebola occurred in the USA, the US FDA announced it would issue Emergency Use Authorizations for Ebola virus in vitro diagnostics to speed their availability. Between October 2014 and March 2015, the FDA issued Emergency Use Authorizations for nine diagnostic products. The actions of the FDA not only allowed nationwide deployment of Ebola virus testing capacity in the USA but also established an attractive regulatory goalpost for companies developing assays for use in West Africa. Here, we comment on the diagnostic assays for which the FDA has issued emergency authorizations and their fitness for purpose.
c-Met PET Imaging Detects Early-Stage Locoregional Recurrence of Basal-Like Breast Cancer (2015)

(18)F-AH113804 PET provides a new diagnostic tool for the detection of c-Met-expressing primary tumor and has potential utility for the detection of locoregional recurrence from an early stage.
Ein‐ und zweikernige Nickel(0)‐Komplexe von Butadiin (1988)

Kristallin und bei Raumtemperatur unter Schutzgas Stabil ist der Nickel(0)‐Kom;ex 1 des äußerst leicht polymerisierenden und explodierenden Butadiins. 1 und der analoge einkernige Komplex lasen sich ineinander umwandeln. Mit ihnen wurde möglicherweise die Grundlage fär eine wirtschaftliche Nutzung des bei der Acetylen‐Herstellung anfallenden Butadiins geschaffen (n = 2, 3). magnified image
Impact of Liposomal Spherical Nucleic Acid Structure on Immunotherapeutic Function (2021)

Liposomal spherical nucleic acids (L-SNAs) show significant promise as cancer immunotherapeutics. L-SNAs are highly modular nanoscale assemblies defined by a dense, upright radial arrangement of oligonucleotides around a liposomal core. Herein, we establish a set of L-SNA design rules by studying the biological and immunological properties of L-SNAs as a function of liposome composition. To achieve this, we synthesized liposomes where the lipid phosphatidylcholine headgroup was held constant, while the diacyl lipid tail chain length and degree of saturation were varied, using either 1,2-dioleylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), 1,2-dimyristoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), 1,2-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), or 1,2-distearoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC). These studies show that the identity of the constituent lipid dictates the DNA loading, cellular uptake, serum stability, <i>in vitro</i> immunostimulatory activity, and <i>in vivo</i> lymph node accumulation of the L-SNA. Furthermore, in the 4T1 mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), the subcutaneous administration of immunostimulatory L-SNAs synthesized with DPPC significantly decreases the production of lung metastases and delays tumor growth as compared to L-SNAs synthesized using DOPC, due to the enhanced stability of L-SNAs synthesized with DPPC over those synthesized with DOPC. Moreover, the inclusion of cell lysates derived from Py8119 TNBC cells as antigen sources in L-SNAs leads to a significant increase in antitumor efficacy in the Py8119 model when lysates are encapsulated in the cores of L-SNAs synthesized with DPPC rather than DOPC, presumably due to increased codelivery of adjuvant and antigen to dendritic cells <i>in vivo</i>. This difference is further amplified when using lysates from oxidized Py8119 cells as a more potent antigen source, revealing synergy between the lysate preparation method and liposome composition in synthesizing immunotherapeutic L-SNAs. Together, this work shows that the biological properties and immunomodulatory activity of L-SNAs can be modulated by exchanging liposome components, providing another handle for the rational design of nanoscale immunotherapeutics.
An Extremely Diverse CD4 Response to Vaccinia Virus in Humans Is Revealed by Proteome-Wide T-Cell Profiling (2008)

CD4 T cells are required for the maintenance and recall of antiviral CD8 T cells and for antibody responses. Little is known concerning the overall architecture of the CD4 response to complex microbial pathogens. In a whole-proteome approach, 180 predicted open reading frames (ORFs) in the vaccinia virus genome were expressed and tested using responder cells from 20 blood samples from 11 vaccinees. Validation assays established the sensitivity and specificity of the system. Overall, CD4 responses were detected for 122 ORFs (68%). A mean of 39 ORFs were recognized per person (range, 13 to 63). The most frequently recognized ORFS were present in virions, including A3L and A10L (core proteins), WR148 (a fragmented homolog of an orthopoxvirus protein that forms inclusions in cells), H3L (a membrane protein), D13L (a membrane scaffold protein), and L4R (a nucleic acid binding protein). Serum immunoglobulin G profiling by proteome microarray detected responses to 45 (25%) of the ORFs and confirmed recent studies showing a diverse response directed to membrane and nonmembrane antigens. Our results provide the first empirical whole-proteome data set regarding the global CD4 response to full-length proteins in a complex virus and are consistent with the theory that abundant structural proteins are immunodominant.
Performance Improvement of Neural Network-based Detection of ROP Attacks using Abstraction of Instruction Features (2021)

귀환 지향 프로그래밍(Return-Oriented Programming (ROP))은 메모리에 적재되어 있는 코드 조각들을 귀환 명령을 사용하여 원하는 순서대로 실행하는 프로그램 공격 기법이다. 이 논문은 신경망을 사용하여 ROP 공격을 효율적으로 탐지하는 방법을 제안하고 있다. 이 방법은 명령어 특징을 나타내는 요약을 사용하여 데이터의 크기를 축소시키고, 귀환 명령 이후에 실행되는 12개의 명령에 대해서만 신경망을 가동한다. 웹 서버와 브라우저, 그리고 이들 실행에 필요한 라이브러리를 사용한 실험에서 F1 점수 100을 유지하는 가운데 DeepCheck과 HeNet보다 각각 9.6배, 그리고 1,403.1배의 속도 향상을 보였다.
High surface area graphene-supported metal chalcogenide assembly (2023)

A composition comprising at least one graphene-supported assembly, which comprises a three-dimensional network of graphene sheets crosslinked by covalent carbon bonds, and at least one metal chalcogenide compound disposed on said graphene sheets, wherein the chalcogen of said metal chalcogenide compound is selected from S, Se and Te. Also disclosed are methods for making and using the graphene-supported assembly, including graphene-supported MoS.sub.2. Monoliths with high surface area and conductivity can be achieved. Lower operating temperatures in some applications can be achieved. Pore size and volume can be tuned.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐(α‐Fluorovinyl)tryptamines and 5‐(α‐Fluorovinyl)‐3‐(N‐ methyl‐1′,2′,5′,6′‐tetrahydropyridin‐3′‐ and ‐4′‐yl)indoles. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Environmental Decontamination of a Chemical Warfare Simulant Utilizing a Membrane Vesicle-Encapsulated Phosphotriesterase (2018)

While technologies for the remediation of chemical contaminants continue to emerge, growing interest in green technologies has led researchers to explore natural catalytic mechanisms derived from microbial species. One such method, enzymatic degradation, offers an alternative to harsh chemical catalysts and resins. Recombinant enzymes, however, are often too labile or show limited activity when challenged with nonideal environmental conditions that may vary in salinity, pH, or other physical properties. Here, we demonstrate how phosphotriesterase encapsulated in a bacterial outer membrane vesicle can be used to degrade the organophosphate chemical warfare agent (CWA) simulant paraoxon in environmental water samples. We also carried out remediation assays on solid surfaces, including glass, painted metal, and fabric, that were selected as representative materials, which could potentially be contaminated with a CWA.
Vehicle-to-grid scheme based on inductive power transfer for advanced distribution automation (2013)

The latest technological advances in battery and converter technology, along with government mandates on energy independence and resilience, are expected to pave the way for higher deployment of plug-in electric vehicles (PEV) in the transportation fleet. These vehicles, when equipped with bidirectional energy transfer capabilities, can function as mobile energy resources and can be utilized in a Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) scheme in order to temporarily inject energy back into the power grid, thereby functioning as energy storage systems. The forecasted increase in the number of these dispersed vehicles can potentially turn them into a significant energy resource that can be used by the utilities for ancillary services or even for long-term integration with the power system. The notion of energy injection through V2G schemes has been conceptually investigated in the literature for charging stations or single residential charging devices. In all these case studies, the vehicle needs to be parked, and a connection be established by the driver, for the duration of the battery charge or discharge. This paper looks into V2G through the employment of contactless means for energy transfer, namely inductive power transfer (IPT). IPT adds flexibility to V2G schemes by allowing energy exchange with vehicles in motion or when the driver is not physically present to establish a connection. The performance of IPT for bidirectional power flow has been shown through simulation as well as experimental results. Also, statistical analysis are provided that demonstrate the large scale integration of these vehicles into the grid.
Potential Chemopreventive Agents Based on the Structure of the Lead Compound 2-Bromo-1-hydroxyphenazine, Isolated from Streptomyces Species, Strain CNS284 (2010)

The isolation of 2-bromo-1-hydroxyphenazine from a marine Streptomyces species, strain CNS284, and its activity against NF-κB, suggested that a short and flexible route for the synthesis of this metabolite and a variety of phenazine analogues should be developed. Numerous phenazines were subsequently prepared and evaluated as inducers of quinone reductase 1 (QR1) and inhibitors of quinone reductase 2 (QR2), NF-κB, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Several of the active phenazine derivatives displayed IC₅₀ values vs QR1 induction and QR2 inhibition in the nanomolar range, suggesting that they may find utility as cancer chemopreventive agents.
The Use of Additive Manufacturing to Fabricate Structural Components for Wearable Robotic Devices (2015)

Our interest is in designing, fabricating and testing wearable robotic devices that assist human gait of able bodied individuals [1, 2]. Recently, we have been experimenting with Additive Manufacturing, 3D printing, using Fused Deposition Modeling technology as a method to fabricate key structural components for these robotic devices. A key structural component for the JTAR (Joint Torque Augmentation Robot) hip exoskeleton was manufactured using 3D printing and has been destructively tested to validate design requirements, the average force required to destroy the part was 2500 N with a standard deviation of 86 N, and this level of strength provided a safety factor in excess 4 times the expected load. The 3D printed part also has been successfully demonstrated on the JTAR robot for approximately 32 kilometers of hiking with no signs of degradation. The JTAR device has been demonstrated with the 3D printed hip mechanism in various environments, including treadmills and unconstrained outdoor environments.
Glypican-3 Targeting Immunotoxins for the Treatment of Liver Cancer (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of primary liver cancer, yet no effective therapeutics exist. This review provides an overview of the recent development of recombinant immunotoxins for the treatment of glypican-3 (GPC3) expressing HCC. GPC3 is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is overexpressed in HCC, but is absent from normal adult human tissues. Treatment of HCC with anti-GPC3 immunotoxins represents a new therapeutic option. Using phage display and hybridoma technologies, three high affinity antibodies (HN3, HS20 and YP7) have been generated against GPC3. Two of these antibodies (HN3 and HS20) have demonstrated the ability to inhibit Wnt/Yap signaling, leading to a reduction in liver cancer cell proliferation. By combining the HN3 antibody capable of inhibiting Wnt/Yap signaling with the protein synthesis inhibitory domain of the Pseudomonas exotoxin, a recombinant immunotoxin that exhibits a dual inhibitory mechanism was generated. This immunotoxin was found to be highly effective in the treatment of human HCCs in mouse xenograft models. Engineering of the toxin fragment to reduce the level of immunogenicity is currently being explored. The development of immunotoxins provides opportunities for novel liver cancer therapies.
Polarization aberration analysis of the advanced x-ray astrophysics facility telescope assembly: errata (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Russell A. Chipman, Daniel M. Brown, and James P. McGuire, "Polarization aberration analysis of the advanced x-ray astrophysics facility telescope assembly: errata," Appl. Opt. 32, 4236-4237 (1993) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Validation of Dynamic Models by Image Distances in the Time-Scale Domain (2009)

Model validation is the procedure whereby the fidelity of a model is evaluated. The traditional approaches to dynamic model validation either rely on the magnitude of the prediction error between the process observations and model outputs or consider the observations and model outputs as time series and use their similarity to assess the closeness of the model to the process. Here, we propose transforming these time series into the time-scale domain, to enhance their delineation, and using image distances between these transformed time series to assess the closeness of the model to the process. It is shown that the image distances provide a more consistent measure of model closeness than available from the magnitude of the prediction error.
Co-templating ionothermal synthesis and structure characterization of two new 2D layered aluminophosphates (2012)

For the first time, the co-templating ionothermal methodology was used in the preparation of layered aluminophosphate materials. With the addition of either 1,2-ethylenediamine or 1,6-hexanediamine to the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride, two new 2D layered aluminophosphates RUB-A1 [Al(3)P(4)O(16)][NH(3)CH(2)CH(2)NH(3)](0.5)[C(6)N(2)H(11)](2) and RUB-A2 [Al(3)P(4)O(16)][NH(3)(CH(2))(6)NH(3)][NH(3)(CH(2))(6)NH(2)](0.5)[C(6)N(2)H(11)](0.5)[H(2)O] have been synthesized ionothermally by co-templating. The structure of RUB-A1 has been determined from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data using direct methods, while the structure of RUB-A2 has been solved ab initio from powder X-ray diffraction data with limited resolution using direct-space methods. Both of these two compounds have a 2D layered structure consisting of macroanionic sheets of composition [Al(3)P(4)O(16)](3-) stacked in an AAAA sequence. The inorganic layers are built up from alternatively vertex-sharing [AlO(4)]- and [PO(3)(=O)]-tetrahedral units forming a 4.6.8 and a 4.6.12 network for RUB-A1 and RUB-A2, respectively. The layer topology of RUB-A1 is closely related to the previously known 4.6.8-layer topology but with a different sequence of phosphoryl group orientation. Combining the results of structure analysis with the NMR, chemical analysis and TG-DTA experiments, we show that both the ionic liquid cation and the protonated diamines are located in the interlayer space and together direct the formation of these two structures.
Pseudoproline-Containing Analogues of Morphiceptin and Endomorphin-2: Evidence for aCisTyr−Pro Amide Bond in the Bioactive Conformation (2001)

Analogues of the opioid peptides [D-Phe(3)]morphiceptin (H-Tyr-Pro-D-Phe-Pro-NH(2)) and endomorphin-2 (H-Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) containing the pseudoproline (Psi Pro) (4R)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (Cys[Psi(R1,R2)pro]) or (4S)-oxazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (Ser[Psi(R1,R2)pro]) in place of Pro(2) were synthesized. The pseudoproline ring in these compounds was either unsubstituted (R(1), R(2) = H) or dimethylated (R(1), R(2) = CH(3)) at the 2-C position. 2-C-dimethylated pseudoprolines are known to be quantitative or nearly quantitative inducers of the cis conformation around the Xaa(i-1)-Xaa(i)[Psi(CH(3),CH)(3)pro)] imide bond. All dihydropseudoproline-containing analogues (R(1), R(2) = H) showed good mu opioid agonist potency in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) assay, high mu receptor binding affinity in the rat brain membrane binding assay, and, like their parent peptides, excellent mu receptor binding selectivity. (1)H NMR spectroscopic analysis of the Cys[Psi(H,H)pro](2)- and Ser[Psi(H,H)pro](2)-containing analogues in DMSO-d(6) revealed that they existed in a conformational equilibrium around the Tyr-Xaa[Psi(H,H)pro] peptide bond with cis/trans ratios of 40:60 and 45:55, respectively. The dimethylated thiazolidine- and oxazolidine-containing [D-Phe(3)]morphiceptin- and endomorphin-2 analogues (R(1), R(2) = CH(3)) all retained full mu agonist potency in the GPI assay and displayed mu receptor binding affinities in the nanomolar range and high mu receptor selectivity. As expected, no conformers of the latter analogues with a trans conformation around the Tyr-Xaa[Psi(CH(3),CH(3)pro)] imide bond were detected by (1)H NMR spectral analysis, indicating that in these compounds the cis conformation is highly predominant (>98%). These results represent the most direct evidence obtained so far to indicate that morphiceptin and endomorphin-2 have the cis conformation around the Tyr-Pro peptide bond in their bioactive conformations.
Improvement of Cavitation Erosion Resistance Properties of Ceramic Materials (1997)

In order to improve the ability of ceramics to withstand cavitation attack, two schemes were tried. One was to strengthen the bulk of ceramics through preparing powder of very fine aluminum oxide particles with uniform diameter, which was casted tightly by applying centrifugal force on it before sintering. The alumina ceramics manufactured by this method had a fracture toughness twice that of current alumina ceramics, resulting in a cavitation erosion rate as low as one sixth of that of current alumina ceramics. The other was the dynamic ion mixing method where a very hard and adherent layer of titanium nitride was built on the surface of a base metal of austenitic stainless steel (SUS 304) by implanting nitrogen ion in it and depositing titanium on it simultaneously. The titanium nitride layer of 10μm thickness on the metal had a Vickers hardness of 3500, and prolonged the incubation period of the composite material by fifty times that of base metal. It was discussed that manufacturing cost, characteristics of the materials as well as the level of size precision should be taken into account when these newly developed materials are put in the material selection for hydraulic machine parts.
Improved Li/BCX (thionyl chloride) cells for space applications (1988)

New NASA requirements for the screening of lithium cells for space applications involve thermal soaks at elevated temperatures (149 C). The BCX DD and C size cells have been redesigned to pass this test with only marginal losses in capacity as was done previously for the D cells. In addition, the pressure increases in cells subjected to this high temperature environment have been characterized showing that the earlier designs failed this exposure due to lack of void volume. An improve BCX chemistry has been demonstrated which significantly improves voltage delay problems encountered after partial discharge and storage of the cells.
Performance evaluation of UWB systems in the presence of timing jitter (2004)

In this paper, performances of different ultrawideband (UWB) modulation schemes in the presence of timing jitter are evaluated and compared. Static and Rayleigh fading channels are considered. For fading channels, flat and dispersive channels are assumed. First, bit error rate (BER) performances for each case are derived for a fixed value of timing jitter. Later, a uniform distribution of jitter is assumed to evaluate the performance of the system, and the theoretical results are verified by computer simulations. Finger estimation error is treated as timing jitter and an appropriate model is generated. Furthermore, a worst case distribution that provides an upper bound on the system performance is presented and compared with other distributions. Effects of timing jitter on systems employing different pulse shapes are analyzed to show the dependency of UWB performance on pulse shape. Although our analysis assumes uniform timing jitter, our framework can be used to evaluate the BER performance for any given probability distribution function of the jitter.
Evaluation of effects of temperature and humidity on the secondary structure of Ganirelix in an injectable formulation and comparison with Orgalutran® using circular dichroism spectroscopy (2023)

Ganirelix, a drug used in in vitro fertilization (IVF), prevents ovulation in women who are not ready to have children by inhibiting a gene that produces gonadotropin. Peptides are macromolecules that are able to preserve a predetermined shape while carrying out the structural and regulatory roles for which they were originally intended. Peptide structures can be altered in the production and storage processes. Therapeutic peptides' biological activity can be drastically altered by even small modifications in their primary and secondary structures. The molecules' secondary structures can be monitored by subjecting them to different processing or storage conditions. In our investigation, we used circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy with two different software programs for secondary structure evaluation to look at how environmental factors like temperature and humidity affected the secondary structure of Ganirelix in an injectable formulation. The CD results revealed that the alpha-helical (regular and distorted), beta-sheet, beta-strands (regular and distorted), beta-turn, and random coil structures of temperature and humidity stressed generic drug products are comparable to reference-listed drug.