gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐FF‐J‐153: Photothermal Cancer Therapy Using Gold Nanorods (2009)

Purpose: Gold nanorods were used to investigate the effects of heat on PA‐1 ovarian cancer cells and their response to thermal treatment through laser irradiation. In addition, the question of how the combination of X‐ray radiation and nanoparticles affects cancer cell survival was also addressed. Method and Materials : Different concentrations of Gold nanorods of diameter 10 nm and length 40 nm coated in a dense layer of hydrophilic polymers were used and two configurations of laser light were employed. A picosecond laser pulse with 1000 Hz repetition rate yielding 1 Watt of average power, and a continuous wave delivery technique yielding 0.5 Watt of laser power. PA‐1 ovarian cancer cells were put into 96 well microtiter plate. Each well contained about 5000 cells plated in 100 μl of BME media. In addition, three wells containing cells and nanorods and three wells containing only cells were subjected to 1 Gy of photon dose. Results: Three different nanoparticle concentrations were used for the case of pulsed laser beam irradiating the cells. The highest concentration of 6×10 12 nr/ml led to complete cell killing even without any laser irradiation. For nanorods concentration of 1.2×10 11 nr/ml and 6×10 10 nr/ml, the number of survived cells decreased as the laser irradiation time increased from 1 min to 20 min, reaching 59% at 20 min mark. For the case of continuous laser operation and nanoparticle concentration of 1.2×10 12 nr/ml, the number of cancer cells surviving laser irradiation dropped to 0 at all time intervals from 2 min to 10 min. When cells were subjected to 1 Gy of photon dose, no visible advantage of using nanorods in conjunction with radiation was observed. Conclusions: Results of experimental studies show that nanorods are extremely effective agents in converting laser light into heat with promising thermal therapy applications for cancer treatment.
Ultra-Wideband Double Directional Channel Measurements for THz Communications in Urban Environments (2021)

Wireless communications in the THz frequency range can allow data rates of hundreds of Gbit/s, and will thus be an important part of 6G. A first important step for system design is an understanding of the underlying propagation channel. In this paper, we present results from one of the first measurement campaigns for medium-distance (up to 35 m) outdoor channels in urban environments where both the directions and delays of multipath are measured with good resolution. The results show a surprisingly rich multipath environment, leading to significant dispersion in both delay and angular domains. We also find that metallic-covered surfaces lead to a considerable enhancement of multipath, which indicates an important impact of building materials. Overall, the results indicate that relying on pronounced sparsity for THz system design might not always be valid in this type of environment.
Communications requirements and performance of a distributed demand control system (2011)

With society increasingly focusing on sustainability and the environment, a number of technologies are now receiving significant interest. These include electric vehicles and renewable energy sources such as wind and solar. Here a problem arises due to the unpredictable nature of the wind and the increased and uncontrolled load presented by electric vehicles. Dynamic Demand Control (DDC) is a potential solution to this problem allowing loads such as electric vehicles to balance out fluctuations in supply and improve power quality. A modified version of DDC suitable for communities with some distributed generation, called Distributed Generation Demand Control (DGDC), is presented here with a focus on communication requirements. This behaves as a combination of a traditional smart grid and DDC. DGDC requires a high bandwidth signal representing the amount of power available at any point in time. Different methods and constraints for distributing this signal are presented. Simulation and experimental results show the performance of these demand control methods in the presence of volatile power sources.
Characterization of a polymer microlens fabricated by use of the hydrophobic effect (2000)

We report a means of fabricating hydrophilic domains in a hydrophobic background by lithographically patterning an adhesive hydrophobic layer. Polymer microlenses were fabricated on these substrates by use of a dip-coating technique. Various lens shapes (circular, elliptical, square) were fabricated on a variety of substrates (SiO(2), SiN, GaAs, InP, etc.), ranging in size from 2 to 500 microm in diameter, with fill factors of up to 90%. Plano-convex and double-convex lenses were fabricated, with f-numbers as low as 1.38 and 1.2, respectively. Optimum lens surfaces deviated from spherical by just +/-5 nm . The lenses are stable at room temperature and exhibit minimal degradation after 24 h at 105 degrees C. The transfer of these polymer lenses to an underlying substrate was also demonstrated.
Power-Electronic Transformer Tap-Changer for Increased AC Arc Furnace Productivity (2008)

The productivity of AC electric arc smelters widely used in the nonferrous metals industry is related to the arc voltage. Attempts to improve productivity with longer arcs and higher arc voltages give rise to power fluctuations which cause voltage flicker and frequent arc reignition failures. The furnace power is commonly regulated by moving the electrode rods to adjust the arc length. A 100 MW AC arc furnace power supply equipped with semiconductor switched regulation windings which greatly enhance furnace power control bandwidth is presented, along with suitable winding arrangements, semiconductor topologies, harmonic filters and commutation methods. This system was simulated together with a Cassie-Mayr dynamic arc model. The simulation model as well as the four-step commutation sequence has been experimentally verified by building and testing a single phase 230 V, 2 kW PWM modulated tap-changer. The simulations and experiments demonstrate that power-electronic transformer tap-changers with the ratings necessary for AC arc furnace power supplies are within reach of current semiconductor technology. They are significantly more effective at AC arc furnace power regulation in terms of device rated power than controlled series reactor approaches.
Saturated ablation in metal hydrides and acceleration of protons and deuterons to keV energies with a soft-x-ray laser (2011)

Studies of materials under extreme conditions have relevance to a broad area of research, including planetary physics, fusion research, materials science, and structural biology with x-ray lasers. We study such extreme conditions and experimentally probe the interaction between ultrashort soft x-ray pulses and solid targets (metals and their deuterides) at the FLASH free-electron laser where power densities exceeding 10(17) W/cm(2) were reached. Time-of-flight ion spectrometry and crater analysis were used to characterize the interaction. The results show the onset of saturation in the ablation process at power densities above 10(16) W/cm(2). This effect can be linked to a transiently induced x-ray transparency in the solid by the femtosecond x-ray pulse at high power densities. The measured kinetic energies of protons and deuterons ejected from the surface reach several keV and concur with predictions from plasma-expansion models. Simulations of the interactions were performed with a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium code with radiation transfer. These calculations return critical depths similar to the observed crater depths and capture the transient surface transparency at higher power densities.
Enhancing the Utility of Adeno-Associated Virus Gene Transfer through Inducible Tissue-Specific Expression (2013)

The ability to regulate both the timing and specificity of gene expression mediated by viral vectors will be important in maximizing its utility. We describe the development of an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based vector with tissue-specific gene regulation, using the ARGENT dimerizer-inducible system. This two-vector system based on AAV serotype 9 consists of one vector encoding a combination of reporter genes from which expression is directed by a ubiquitous, inducible promoter and a second vector encoding transcription factor domains under the control of either a heart- or liver-specific promoter, which are activated with a small molecule. Administration of the vectors via either systemic or intrapericardial injection demonstrated that the vector system is capable of mediating gene expression that is tissue specific, regulatable, and reproducible over induction cycles. Somatic gene transfer in vivo is being considered in therapeutic applications, although its most substantial value will be in basic applications such as target validation and development of animal models. Chen and colleagues describe the development of an AAV-based vector with tissue-specific gene regulation, using the ARGENT dimerizer-inducible system. They demonstrate that administration of these vectors via either systemic or intrapericardial injection leads to gene expression that is tissue specific, regulatable, and reproducible over induction cycles.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of the New Spiroketal‐Macrolide A82548A. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dicatechol cis-dioxomolybdenum(vi): a building block for a lithium cation templated monomer–dimer equilibrium (2006)

Dinuclear helicate-type complexes form from 3-carbonyl catechol derivatives and MoO2 units. The two monomeric subunits are non-covalently bound through templating Li+ ions. The monomeric and dimeric complexes as well as a hydrolysis product have been investigated in the solid state by X-ray crystallography, in solution by NMR experiments, and in the gas phase by ESI mass spectrometry. Dimerization constants can easily be extracted from NMR experiments. A particular property of these complexes is the mutual homochiral recognition between the two halves of the dimers which only occurs between homochiral monomers.
A High-Resolution Low-Power Oversampling ADC with Extended-Range for Bio-Sensor Arrays (2007)

A calibration-free, high-resolution ADC designed for bioluminescence sensing employs an extended-counting architecture in which the residual error from a second-order incremental ΣΔ modulator is encoded using a successive approximation ADC. The ADC has been integrated in 0.18-μm CMOS technology and achieves a dynamic range of 90.1dB and a peak SNDR of 86.3dB at a conversion rate of 1MSample/sec with 38mW power consumption.
Mapping the structural trends in zinc aluminosilicate glasses (2023)

The structure of zinc aluminosilicate glasses with the composition (ZnO)x(Al2O3)y(SiO2)1-x-y, where 0 ≤ x < 1, 0 ≤ y < 1, and x + y < 1, was investigated over a wide composition range by combining neutron and high-energy x-ray diffraction with 27Al magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The results were interpreted using an analytical model for the composition-dependent structure in which the zinc ions do not act as network formers. Four-coordinated aluminum atoms were found to be in the majority for all the investigated glasses, with five-coordinated aluminum atoms as the main minority species. Mean Al-O bond distances of 1.764(5) and 1.855(5) Å were obtained for the four- and five-coordinated aluminum atoms, respectively. The coordination environment of zinc was not observed to be invariant. Instead, it is dependent on whether zinc plays a predominantly network-modifying or charge-compensating role and, therefore, varies systematically with the glass composition. The Zn-O coordination number and bond distance were found to be 4.36(9) and 2.00(1) Å, respectively, for the network-modifying role vs 5.96(10) and 2.08(1) Å, respectively, for the charge-compensating role. The more open coordination environment of the charge-compensator is related to an enhanced probability of zinc finding bridging oxygen atoms as nearest-neighbors, reflecting a change in the connectivity of the glass network comprising four-coordinated silicon and aluminum atoms as the alumina content is increased.
Demonstration of supercontinuum generation in long-cavity fiber-ring laser (1998)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated a supercontinuum generation directly from an Er-doped passively mode-locked long-cavity fiber-ring laser where bandwidth of the output spectrum was more than 150 nm with average power in excess of 60 mW.
Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Vector Induces Specific Cellular and Humoral Responses in the Female Reproductive Tract, the Main HIV Portal of Entry (2017)

The female reproductive tract (FRT) is one of the major mucosal invasion sites for HIV-1. This site has been neglected in previous HIV-1 vaccine studies. Immune responses in the FRT after systemic vaccination remain to be characterized. Using a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) as a vaccine model, we characterized specific immune responses in all compartments of the FRT of nonhuman primates after systemic vaccination. Memory T cells were preferentially found in the lower tract (vagina and cervix), whereas APCs and innate lymphoid cells were mainly located in the upper tract (uterus and fallopian tubes). This compartmentalization of immune cells in the FRT was supported by transcriptomic analyses and a correlation network. Polyfunctional MVA-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells were detected in the blood, lymph nodes, vagina, cervix, uterus, and fallopian tubes. Anti-MVA IgG and IgA were detected in cervicovaginal fluid after a second vaccine dose. Thus, systemic vaccination with an MVA vector elicits cellular and Ab responses in the FRT.
Study on Thermal Desorption of Aromatic Guest Molecules Adsorbed in Zeolites (2006)

Thermal desorption for an aromatic guest molecule of phenanthrene adsorbed in Y and X zeolites exchanged with cations such as Na+, Tl+ and K+ has been studied successfully by means of TG-DTA and temperature programmed desorption (TPD)-MS. The thermal desorption of phenanthrene from the zeolites took place at temperatures between 300°C and 800°C. The temperature of thermal desorption depended critically on the cations in the order of the temperature of Na+<Tl+<K+. On the contrary, the activation energy for the desorption of phenanthrene estimated in terms of the Ozawa method, was almost the same for the three cation-exchanged Y zeolites with the approximate values of 120 kJ mol-1. On the other hand, the activation energy for the desorption of phenanthrene from the cation-exchanged X zeolites was the larger than that obtained from the Y zeolites, and was estimated as approximately 140 kJ mol-1. It is concluded that the activation energy for the desorption of phenanthrene from the zeolites does not directly correlate with the charge-compensating cation in the zeolites and depends strongly on the framework structures of the zeolites.
Microstructural characterization of nanostructured aluminum extrusions (2016)

Nanostructured aluminum alloys are advantageous for their high strength properties and low density due to the presence of not only multiple material components, but also the presence of nanocrystalline grains that increase strength through grain boundary strengthening.Microstructural analysis is a crucial step in understanding alloy mechanical properties.The alloys observed in this research were analyzed through transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation and grain analysis to determine the average grain size of each nanocrystalline alloy and determine the distribution of grain sizes through each alloy.Average grain sizes for the alloys, found through number fraction analysis, ranged from 44nm to 624nm.Each alloy had a distribution of grain sizes, where the alloy contained high concentrations of grains close their respective average grain sizes with lower concentrations of grains further from the average size.
An Assessment of Two Piston Bowl Concepts in a Medium-Duty Diesel Engine (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two combustion systems were developed and optimized for an engine for a power cylinder of 0.8-0.9L/cylinder. The first design was a re-entrant bowl concept which was based on the combustion system of a smaller engine with roughly 0.5L/cylinder. The second design was a chamfered bowl concept, a variant of a reentrant bowl that deliberately splits fuel between the bowl and the squish region. For each combustion system concept, nozzle tip protrusion, swirl, and nozzle configuration (number of holes, nozzle flow, and spray angle) were optimized. Several similarities between combustion system concepts were noted, including the optimal swirl and number of holes. The resulting optimums for each concept were compared. The chamfered combustion system was found to have better part-load emissions and fuel consumption tradeoffs. Full load performance was similar at low speed between the two combustion systems, but the reentrant combustion system had advantages at high engine speed and load. The results suggest that the chamfered combustion system may be a better option for lower speed engine concepts of this size, but that the reentrant combustion system may be better for high speed and high power density applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Tranexamic Acid—An Alternative to Aprotinin in Fibrin-Based Cardiovascular Tissue Engineering (2009)

Recent clinical trials have led to the worldwide suspension of aprotinin, the most commonly used antifibrinolytic agent in fibrin-based tissue engineering. For future clinical applications of fibrin-based scaffolds, a suitable, alternative fibrinolysis inhibitor must be identified. The present study aimed to evaluate tranexamic acid (trans-4-aminomethyl-cyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid [t-AMCA]) as an alternative fibrinolysis inhibitor to aprotinin for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications. The effects of various concentrations of t-AMCA (30-160 microg/mL) and aprotinin on fibrin gel-lysis were spectrophotometrically quantified in vitro. Cytotoxic effects of t-AMCA and aprotinin on carotid artery-derived cells, in addition to their influence on fibrin gel mechanical strength, were examined. Further, the influence of t-AMCA versus aprotinin on three-dimensional fibrin-based constructs was analyzed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrated that neither t-AMCA (30-160 microg/mL) nor aprotinin elicited cytotoxic effects on cultured cells. Although aprotinin showed reduced fibrinolysis in the presence of plasmin compared to t-AMCA, no significant difference was obtained under standard culture conditions. Additionally, t-AMCA had no negative influence on the mechanical stability of fibrin gels, which also demonstrated excellent cell morphology, tissue development, and ultrastructure. The results from the present study demonstrate that t-AMCA may be a suitable alternative to aprotinin for controlling the in vitro degradation rate of fibrin-based tissue-engineered constructs.
Development of a High Resolution Positron CT for Animal Studies (1985)

A single ring high resolution positron CT for animal studies was developed which utilizes 64 gridded rectangular photomultipliers (l3mm square) and 128 rectangular Bismuth Germanate crystal (4mm wide, 10mm high and 20mm long). A photomultiplier is incorporated with a grid near the photocathode which controls photoelectron transport of half part of a tube. This enalbes us the identification of the fired crystal out of two coupled to a photomultiplier. Detector ring, animal port and field of view diameters are 265, 135 and 128mm, respectively. Detector arrangement was determined by POSITOLOGY. The spatial resolutions in fwhm after unfolding source spread (2mm dia.) were 2.2mm at center and 3.3mm (tangential) and 3.6mm(radial) at 60mm from the center. Hardware out-of-FOV event rejector was implemented which rejects events outside the field of view and reduces event rate by a factor of 3 in the case of calibration measurements.
Data from Tumor-Promoting Desmoplasia Is Disrupted by Depleting FAP-Expressing Stromal Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Malignant cells drive the generation of a desmoplastic and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated stromal cells (CASC) are a heterogeneous population that provides both negative and positive signals for tumor cell growth and metastasis. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a marker of a major subset of CASCs in virtually all carcinomas. Clinically, FAP expression serves as an independent negative prognostic factor for multiple types of human malignancies. Prior studies established that depletion of FAP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells inhibits tumor growth by augmenting antitumor immunity. However, the potential for immune-independent effects on tumor growth have not been defined. Herein, we demonstrate that FAP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; CASCs are required for maintenance of the provisional tumor stroma because depletion of these cells, by adoptive transfer of FAP-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, reduced extracellular matrix proteins and glycosaminoglycans. Adoptive transfer of FAP-CAR T cells also decreased tumor vascular density and restrained growth of desmoplastic human lung cancer xenografts and syngeneic murine pancreatic cancers in an immune-independent fashion. Adoptive transfer of FAP-CAR T cells also restrained autochthonous pancreatic cancer growth. These data distinguish the function of FAP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; CASCs from other CASC subsets and provide support for further development of FAP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; stromal cell-targeted therapies for the treatment of solid tumors. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 75(14); 2800–10. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Progress of FD-SOI technology for monolithic pixel detectors (2012)

We have been developing the 0.2 μm fully-depleted Silicon On Insulator (SOl) CMOS technology for monolithic pixel detectors. In order to improve the sensor's sensitivity, 8 inch FZ wafer is introduced for handle substrate in SO! wafer. Stitching technology is also developed to get large detector chip area. Furthermore, nested well structure for the p-n junction and double-SOI structure are investigating for reducing the radiation damage and crosstalk between electrical circuitry in top silicon layer and sensors at substrate. In this document, recent progress of process technology for pixel detector is described.
Formulation Development of Glycoconjugate Vaccines for Low- and Middle-Income Countries (2018)

Developing vaccines that are safe, efficacious, and affordable for low-resource countries is complex and costly. There are challenges with glycoconjugate vaccines, particularly multivalent vaccines, due to their manufacturing complexity. Formulation development is one of the critical steps in developing a stable glycoconjugate vaccine and in order to be successful, a rational, designed approach is imperative. The approach must leverage current understanding around the critical quality attributes and cost drivers that are important for the product as well as the immunogenicity of the vaccine in clinical studies. With an emphasis on developing country vaccine manufacturers, this review describes formulation strategies and approaches to characterizing glycoconjugate vaccines using a broad analytical toolkit for development and transferring robust processes for production to developing country vaccine manufacturers.