gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Root Cause Localization in Large Scale Systems (2005)

Root cause localization, the process of identifying the source of problems in a system using purely external observations, is a significant challenge in many large-scale systems. In this paper, we propose an abstract model that captures the common issues underlying root cause localization and hence provides the ability to leverage solutions across different systems.
Tannins fromHamamelis virginiana: Identification of Proanthocyanidins and Hamamelitannin Quantification in Leaf, Bark, and Stem Extracts (1988)

The tannins in leaf, bark, and stem extracts of HAMAMELIS VIRGINIANA were analyzed. Four proanthocyanidins were isolated by HPLC. One was a procyanidin polymer containing only one type of flavanol unit; the other three were polymers of procyanidin and prodelphinidin containing two types of flavanol units. A method of assay of hamamelitannin showed the bark extract to be 31 times richer in hamamelitannin than the leaf extract and 87 times richer than the stem extract.
Enhanced efficacy of mesothelin-targeted immunotoxin LMB-100 and anti–PD-1 antibody in patients with mesothelioma and mouse tumor models (2020)

LMB-100 is an immunotoxin targeting the cell surface protein mesothelin, which is highly expressed in many cancers including mesothelioma. Having observed that patients receiving pembrolizumab off protocol after LMB-100 treatment had increased tumor responses; we characterized these responses and developed animal models to study whether LMB-100 made tumors more responsive to antibodies blocking programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1). The overall objective tumor response in the 10 patients who received PD-1 inhibitor (pembrolizumab, 9; nivolumab, 1) after progression on LMB-100 was 40%, and the median overall survival was 11.9 months. Of the seven evaluable patients, four had objective tumor responses, including one complete response and three partial responses, and the overall survival for these patients was 39.0+, 27.7, 32.6+, and 13.8 months. When stratified with regard to programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression, four of five patients with tumor PD-L1 expression had objective tumor response. Patients with positive tumor PD-L1 expression also had increased progression-free survival (11.3 versus 2.1 months, <i>P</i> = 0.0018) compared with those lacking PD-L1 expression. There was no statistically significant difference in overall survival (27.7 versus 6.8 months, <i>P</i> = 0.1). LMB-100 caused a systemic inflammatory response and recruitment of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in patients' tumors. The enhanced antitumor effects with LMB-100 plus anti-PD-1 antibody were also observed in a human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-engrafted mesothelioma mouse model and a human mesothelin-expressing syngeneic lung adenocarcinoma mouse model. LMB-100 plus pembrolizumab is now being evaluated in a prospective clinical trial for patients with mesothelioma.
Machine Learning Applied to Determine the Molecular Descriptors Responsible for the Viscosity Behavior of Concentrated Therapeutic Antibodies (2021)

Predicting the solution viscosity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) drug products remains as one of the main challenges in antibody drug design, manufacturing, and delivery. In this work, the concentration-dependent solution viscosity of 27 FDA-approved mAbs was measured at pH 6.0 in 10 mM histidine-HCl. Six mAbs exhibited high viscosity (>30 cP) in solutions at 150 mg/mL mAb concentration. Combining molecular modeling and machine learning feature selection, we found that the net charge in the mAbs and the amino acid composition in the Fv region are key features which govern the viscosity behavior. For mAbs whose behavior was not dominated by charge effects, we observed that high viscosity is correlated with more hydrophilic and fewer hydrophobic residues in the Fv region. A predictive model based on the net charges of mAbs and a high viscosity index is presented as a fast screening tool for classifying low- and high-viscosity mAbs.
Development of a novel reverse transcription PCR and its application to field sample testing for feline calicivirus prevalence in healthy stray cats in Korea (2020)

The current study is the first report of the detection and prevalence of FCV in stray cats in Korea. The novel RT-PCR assay developed in this study showed high sensitivity and specificity, which indicates a useful diagnostic assay to identify FCV infection in cats.
O1–10–04: Amyloid‐positive MCI: Predicting progression to dementia (2013)

Mild Cognitive Impairment individuals with positive amyloid imaging are now termed “prodromal AD”, but do all such individuals rapidly progress to dementia? We wished to determine whether there were simple factors (age, education, severity of cognitive impairment), or imaging and genetic (ie., ApoE presence or not) which predicted whether individuals with MCI and positive amyloid PET would progress over several years follow-up. We longitudinally assessed 8 “stable” prodromal MCI individuals compared with 30 MCI “progressors” who went on to AD dementia. All had positive amyloid imaging with PIB PET scanning. Diagnosis was assessed annually in our JGH/McGill Memory Clinic with demographics, the MoCA (Montreal Cognitive Assessment), and genetic Apo E studies. The 30 progressors went on to AD dementia after a mean 3.1 years since their amyloid imaging, whereas the non-progressors remained MCI mean 7.1 years after PIB PET, and showed a slight decline of 2 points on the MoCA during that time. Significant differences between the groups involved percentage of subjects positive for Apo E4 (25% in non progressors vs. 58% in progressors), mean age at entry(70 years in non progressors vs. 77 in progressors), in itial MoCA score (25.3 in non progressors vs. 23.8 in progressors), but not education. The non-progressors had slightly less PIB ligand uptake (SUVR of 1.68) than did the progressors (SUVR of 1.88). It will be important to determine to what degree a positive PIB amyloid scan predicts progression to dementia in the immediate future. Our results indicate that a subgroup of “prodromal ADs” who are younger, less cognitively impaired, with lower rate of ApoE4, will not show decline cognitively over a 7 year follow-up period. These individuals may simply be earlier in their illness (ie. they have less amyloid in their brain). Education (a form of cognitive reserve) did not distinguish progressors from non-progressors.
Supplementary Figures S6 - S10 from Genomic Copy Number Dictates a Gene-Independent Cell Response to CRISPR/Cas9 Targeting (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S6. Representative example of complex amplified locus showing a CRISPR-CN correlation. Supplementary Figure S7. Comparative analysis of the relationship of CRISPR-Cas9 guide scores to the predicted number of CRISPR-Cas9-induced DNA cuts based on either copy number or total predicted perfect-match on- and off-target alignments. Supplementary Figure S8. Comprehensive analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 sensitivity correlated to the total predicted number of DNA cuts conferred by each sgRNA. Supplementary Figure S9. (A) PANC-1 infection efficiency corresponding to Figure 6 in vitro validation experiment measuring short-term proliferation and viability response of PANC-1 cells transduced at high multiplicity of infection. (B) Immunoblot of protein from PANC-1 cells harvested 48 hours after infection at high MOI with the indicated sgRNAs targeting inside (19q8) or outside (19q4) the PANC-1 19q13 amplicon shown in Figure 6A. Supplementary Figure S10. CRISPR-Cas9 targeting of amplified regions or multiple genomic loci induces DNA damage and a G2 cell cycle arrest in CAL120 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Studies on Particle Separation by Acoustic Radiation Force and Electrostatic Force (1996)

A method for separating particles in liquid by exploiting the competition between acoustic radiation force and electrostatic force has been investigated. To elucidate the size and charge dependence of the shift of the particles away from the sound pressure node, the effective charges of polystyrene spheres and alumina particles, which have opposite signs of electric charge on the surface, were measured for particles of various diameters. The shift of the particles from the pressure node due to the electrostatic force was also measured. Polystyrene spheres smaller than 10 µ m in diameter showed same mobility in a 1 Hz, 13.4 V p p /mm alternating electric field, which indicates that the effective charge of the particle is directly proportional to the radius of the particle. Using 500 kHz ultrasound and a 0.5 V/mm electric field, 7 µ m polystyrene spheres and 10 µ m alumina particles were shifted in opposite directions, according to the sign of the effective charge on the particles.
Substrate Signal Inhibition in Raman Analysis of Microplastic Particles (2023)

In Raman analysis, the substrate material serves very often for signal enhancement, especially when metallic surfaces are involved; however, in other cases, the substrate has an opposite effect as it is the source of a parasitic signal preventing the observation of the sample material of interest. This is particularly true with the advent of microfluidic devices involving either silicon or polymer surfaces. On the other hand, in a vast majority of Raman experiments, the analysis is made on a horizontal support holding the sample of interest. In our paper, we report that a simple tilting of the supporting substrate, in this case, silicon, can drastically decrease and eventually inhibit the Raman signal of the substrate material, leading to an easier observation of the target analyte of the sample, in this case, microplastic particles. This effect is very pronounced especially when looking for tiny particles. Explanation of this trend is provided thanks to a supporting experiment and further numerical simulations that suggest that the lensing effect of the particles plays an important role. These findings may be useful for Raman analysis of other microscale particles having curved shapes, including biological cells.
The Dark Side of Light (2010)

Although the invention and widespread use of artificial light is clearly one of the most important human technological advances, the transformation of nightscapes is increasingly recognized as having adverse effects. Night lighting may have serious physiological consequences for humans, ecological and evolutionary implications for animal and plant populations, and may reshape entire ecosystems. However, knowledge on the adverse effects of light pollution is vague. In response to climate change and energy shortages, many countries, regions, and communities are developing new lighting programs and concepts with a strong focus on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. Given the dramatic increase in artificial light at night (0 - 20% per year, depending on geographic region), we see an urgent need for light pollution policies that go beyond energy efficiency to include human well-being, the structure and functioning of ecosystems, and inter-related socioeconomic consequences. Such a policy shift will require a sound transdisciplinary understanding of the significance of the night, and its loss, for humans and the natural systems upon which we depend. Knowledge is also urgently needed on suitable lighting technologies and concepts which are ecologically, socially, and economically sustainable. Unless managing darkness becomes an integral part of future conservation and lighting policies, modern society may run into a global self-experiment with unpredictable outcomes.
Time-resolved photoluminescence analysis of two-peak emission behavior in Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ (2009)

Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 : Eu 2 + , one of the most recently developed phosphors for use in white light emitting diodes, exhibits a two-peak emission. Namely, the emission band of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ is deconvoluted into two Gaussian peaks irrespective of the Eu2+ concentration. We examined the two-peak emission of Sr2Si5N8:Eu2+ by analyzing the time-resolved photoluminescence spectra. We revealed that the two-peak emission was closely associated with the energy transfer taking place between Eu2+ activators located at two different crystallographic sites in the Sr2Si5N8 structure. The experimental results coincided well with the rate equation model involving the crystallographic information of the host.
Energetic communication between mitochondria and nucleus directed by catalyzed phosphotransfer (2002)

Exchange of information between the nucleus and cytosol depends on the metabolic state of the cell, yet the energy-supply pathways to the nuclear compartment are unknown. Here, the energetics of nucleocytoplasmic communication was determined by imaging import of a constitutive nuclear protein histone H1. Translocation of H1 through nuclear pores in cardiac cells relied on ATP supplied by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but not by glycolysis. Although mitochondria clustered around the nucleus, reducing the distance for energy transfer, simple nucleotide diffusion was insufficient to meet the energetic demands of nuclear transport. Rather, the integrated phosphotransfer network was required for delivery of high-energy phosphoryls from mitochondria to the nucleus. In neonatal cardiomyocytes with low creatine kinase activity, inhibition of adenylate kinase-catalyzed phosphotransfer abolished nuclear import. With deficient adenylate kinase, nucleoside diphosphate kinase, which secures phosphoryl exchange between ATP and GTP, was unable to sustain nuclear import. Up-regulation of creatine kinase phosphotransfer, to mimic metabolic conditions of adult cardiac cells, rescued H1 import, suggesting a developmental plasticity of the cellular energetic system. Thus, mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation coupled with phosphotransfer relays provides an efficient energetic unit in support of nuclear transport.
A Long‐Cycle‐Life Lithium–CO2 Battery with Carbon Neutrality (2019)

Lithium-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries are attractive energy-storage systems for fulfilling the demand of future large-scale applications such as electric vehicles due to their high specific energy density. However, a major challenge with Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries is to attain reversible formation and decomposition of the Li<sub>2</sub> CO<sub>3</sub> and carbon discharge products. A fully reversible Li-CO<sub>2</sub> battery is developed with overall carbon neutrality using MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes as a cathode catalyst combined with an ionic liquid/dimethyl sulfoxide electrolyte. This combination of materials produces a multicomponent composite (Li<sub>2</sub> CO<sub>3</sub> /C) product. The battery shows a superior long cycle life of 500 for a fixed 500 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> capacity per cycle, far exceeding the best cycling stability reported in Li-CO<sub>2</sub> batteries. The long cycle life demonstrates that chemical transformations, making and breaking covalent CO bonds can be used in energy-storage systems. Theoretical calculations are used to deduce a mechanism for the reversible discharge/charge processes and explain how the carbon interface with Li<sub>2</sub> CO<sub>3</sub> provides the electronic conduction needed for the oxidation of Li<sub>2</sub> CO<sub>3</sub> and carbon to generate the CO<sub>2</sub> on charge. This achievement paves the way for the use of CO<sub>2</sub> in advanced energy-storage systems.
A small prototype of a single-ring OpenPET (2012)

The OpenPET geometry is our original idea to visualize a physically opened space even with a full ring geometry. One of our targets is in-beam PET, which is a method for in situ monitoring of charged particle therapy. In our initial idea, the OpenPET had a physically opened field-of-view (FOV) between two detector rings separated by a gap. Originally, the OpenPET was proposed to provide a stress-less brain imaging device. For a dedicated in-beam PET scanner, this dual-ring OpenPET is a good candidate, but it is not necessarily the most efficient geometry because it has a wide FOV (i.e., a gap FOV plus two in-ring FOVs) while only a limited FOV around the irradiation field is required in actual use of in-beam PET. At the last conference, therefore, we proposed a single-ring OpenPET (SROP) dedicated for in-beam PET as our 2nd generation geometry. The detector ring of the SROP geometry was the cylinder both ends of which were cut by parallel aslant planes. In this paper, we developed a small prototype of the SROP for a proof-of-concept. It consisted of 2 ellipse-shaped detector rings, each of which had 16 detectors. Each ellipse-shaped detector ring had a major axis of 281.6 mm and a minor axis of 207.5 mm. The rings were slanted by 45 deg and staggered to obtain an open space of 74.5 mm width. We carried out initial in-beam imaging tests in the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) using a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> C beam as well as a <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> C beam. PET measurement started at the beginning of the irradiation, and continued for 20 min after the irradiation. For about 3Gy irradiation, a 6 mm range difference was clearly detected with the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> C beam irradiation. Our initial imaging studies showed promising performance of the SROP prototype.
Low contact resistance series MEMS switches (2003)

This paper reports on the design and development of a novel DC-contact MEMS switch for microwave applications. The switching operation utilizes two different forces: electrostatic and stress-induced forces. The former is employed as the actuation force, while the latter is responsible for achieving the actual DC contact. In particular, when no bias voltage is applied, the deformation of a metallic cantilever beam caused by residual gradient stress leads to a metal-to-metal contact. On the other hand, when a DC-voltage is applied between the cantilever beam and an actuation electrode, the cantilever deflects due to electrostatic force and the metallic contact ceases to exist. Contact resistance of less than 1 /spl Omega/ is demonstrated with this technique in the closed position, which corresponds to an RF insertion loss of 0.1-0.2 dB up to 40 GHz. In this switch the contact force does not depend on the actuation voltage and there is no DC potential across the closed contact, which constitute the main advantages of this design.
A Systematic Approach for I-line Manufacturing Process Optimization (1989)

A framework for process optimization and characterization was discussed and applied to the development of an 0.8&mu;m i-line lithography process for CMOS manufacturing. Response surface and characterization data were presented. Metrics for process optimization were discussed. Depth of focus windows for i-line and g-line lithography were compared for resist materials of similar capability run with optimized processes. Depth of focus data on 3 different stepper types were used to draw conclusions: a 0.38 NA g-line and 0.40 NA i-line from Manufacturer 1, and a 0.48 NA g-line from Manufacturer 2. I-line resists from 2 different manufacturers were seen to have similar depth of focus characteristics. Maintaining acceptable wall angle for the resist profile was found to be a more severe constraint on the depth of focus than maintaining critical dimension control. The i-line resist offered better wall angle than g-line resist, but less global process stability. At center of field, i-line lenses and currently available i-line resists have effectively 10 to 20% more depth of focus than g-line lenses and g-line resists at comparable resolution.
Effect of Geometry on Sensitivity and Offset of AlGaN/GaN and InAlN/GaN Hall-Effect Sensors (2019)

The effect of metal contact lengths on current- and voltage-scaled sensitivities and magnetic field offsets of octagonal AlGaN/GaN and InAlN/GaN Hall-effect sensors were examined in this work. The calculations that take into account the shape of the device show that the devices with point-like contacts have the highest current-scaled sensitivity (68.9 V/A/T), while the devices with contacts of equal length to their non-contact sides have the highest voltage-scaled sensitivity (86.9 mV/V/T). The sensitivities of the two other devices (with “long” and “short” contacts) follow the predicted trends closely. All the devices have offsets less than 20 μT at low supply current operation (<;300 μA) and most remain below 35 μT at higher supply current (up to 1.2 mA). The consistent low offsets across the devices imply that the choice of the Hall-effect sensor geometry should mainly depend on the biasing scheme (e.g., current or voltage). Although this work focuses on 2DEG materials, the geometry dependence can be applied to other planar Hall-effect sensors with four-fold symmetry. This work demonstrates that the Hall-effect sensor performance can be improved by adjusting the geometry of the Hall-effect plate specific to its function (e.g., power electronics, navigation, and automotive applications).
ChemInform Abstract: Organo‐f‐Element Thermochemistry. Thorium vs. Uranium and Ancillary Ligand Effects on Metal‐Ligand Bond Disruption Enthalpies in Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)actinoid Bis(hydrocarbyls) and Bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)alkoxyactinoid Hydrides and Hydrocarbyls. (1987)

Abstract The thermodynamic data are obtained by anaerobic, batch‐titration, solution‐calorimetry from the enthalpies of solution of the organoactinoid complexes (I) in toluene and from the subsequent enthalpies of alcoholysis with tBuOH or MeOH.
Aortic Valve Bioprostheses (2017)

Leaflet immobility and valve thrombosis have been reported with both transcatheter and surgical aortic valve bioprostheses. The relationships between these abnormalities and their incidence, time course, clinical significance, predisposing factors, optimal imaging modality, and current therapeutic options remain uncertain but are rapidly evolving. Four-dimensional computerized tomographic imaging has been determined to have the highest sensitivity in studies evaluating leaflet immobility and valve thrombosis. Echocardiography is also used during surveillance, but it appears to be less sensitive. The definitive diagnosis of valve thrombosis is based on a combination of diagnostic 4-dimensional computerized tomographic imaging findings, resolution of imaging abnormalities, and elevated transcatheter gradients with anticoagulation or surgical or pathological confirmation. Uncertainty about the incidence and clinical significance of the findings is the basis of 2 US Food and Drug Administration-approved studies comparing transcatheter and surgical aortic valve replacement with a subset undergoing surveillance 4-dimensional computerized tomographic imaging. Given the expansion of transcatheter aortic valve procedures, including potentially lower-risk patients, the resolution of these uncertainties is critical.
Ongoing changes in English modals (2016)

The article investigates how ongoing grammatical change, widely documented in various native varieties, is adopted in advanced lingua franca use of English (ELF). It incorporates a broader perspective on ELF than previously, seeing it as one stage in the long diachronic continuum of Englishes rather than as an entity emerging in spoken interaction. The first part details a corpus project that produces written multi-genre corpora suitable for real-time studies of how ongoing variability is reflected in lingua franca use. It is followed with a case study investigating quantitative patterns in a set of core and emergent modal auxiliaries. The results suggest that in cases of substantial recent changes in the core varieties of English, lingua franca uses polarize the diffusion of change. The conclusions suggest that a diachronically-informed angle to lingua franca use offers a new vantage point not only to ELF but also to ongoing grammatical variability.