gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Layer Modulated Model Predictive Control Scheme for the Cascaded H-Bridge Converter (2022)

To simultaneously achieve fast dynamics and fixed switching frequency, a dual-layer modulated model predictive control scheme is proposed for the cascaded H-bridge converter in this article. For the output current control layer, first, each phase cluster is considered as a whole, and only six nonzero vectors are evaluated for output current prediction. Then, two optimal vectors are selected, and their dwell times are calculated based on the current prediction results. As a result, fast output current dynamics can be obtained with a greatly reduced number of evaluated control options. For the cluster voltage balancing control layer, instead of fundamental-frequency zero-sequence voltage (ZSV), the adaptive ZSV is injected according to the predicted cluster voltage differences. As a result, the active power flows are adjusted in each control period, and the cluster voltage balancing speed can be significantly improved. By the proposed scheme, complicated weighting factor design is avoided, and fixed switching frequency is obtained through the integration of pulsewidth modulation. Experimental results verify that the proposed scheme can achieve fast output current and cluster voltage balancing dynamics with fixed switching frequency.
A 2.4-GHz/5-GHz CMOS low noise amplifier with high-resistivity ELTRAN(R) SOI-Epi/sup TM/ wafers (2003)

The performance of radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology can be improved by using a high-resistivity SOI substrate. We investigated the correlation between substrate resistivity and the performance of a low noise amplifier (LNA) on ELTRAN SOI-Epi wafers, whose resistivity can be controlled precisely. The use of high-resistivity ELTRAN wafers improves the Q-factor of spiral inductors, and increases the gain and narrows the bandwidth of the LNA.
Abstract 4819: Differential evolution of tumor heterogeneity in leiomyosarcomas and liposarcomas suggested by genomic profiling (2015)

Abstract Sarcomas represent a heterogeneous set of malignant tumors originating from mesenchymal cells. Liposarcomas (LPS) and Leiomyosarcomas (LMS) are two of the most common histotypes, accounting for approximately 25% and 30% of all soft tissue sarcomas, respectively. The most frequent form of LPS is represented by a spectrum of disease including well-differentiated LPS (WDLPS), a non-metastasizing but locally recurrent disease with adipocytic differentiation, and de-differentiated LPS (DDLPS), an aggressive, frequently metastasizing high grade sarcoma which can arise in conjunction with elements of WDLPS. Besides the known oncogenic KIT or PDGFRA driver mutations in GIST, somatic alterations in RB1, deletions in PTEN, MDM2 amplifications in LPS, and TP53 mutations in LMS are the most commonly reported genomic aberrancies identified in sarcomas. Both WDLPS and DDLPS share amplification of 12q13-15, a genomic region containing the MDM2 and CDK4 loci, yet little is understood about the other genetic processes that yield such different phenotypes. In LMS, recurrent mutations in TP53 have been identified, but a detailed analysis of primary and metastatic tumors has not previously been described. To evaluate genetic events in these transitions, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on trios comprising normal tissue, WDLPS, and DDLPS obtained from individual patients (n = 19), as well as on trios of normal tissue, primary and metastatic LMS tumors obtained from separate individual patients (n = 8). Consistent with prior reports of the molecular characterization of LPS, we observed arm-level amplifications in Chr 12 in all LPS samples, and Chr 17 amplification in many LMS cases. There were no shared somatic alterations across paired WDLPS and DLPS pairs from individual patients aside from the common Chr 12 amplification (MDM2 &amp; CDK4). A higher mutation rate was observed in LMS, and there were many clonal somatic alterations shared between the primary and metastatic lesions of individuals. This study demonstrates the heterogeneity of evolution between different subtypes of sarcomas using whole exome sequencing of clinical specimens. This finding has implications for better understanding of the molecular drivers of these tumors and opportunities to identify subtype-specific therapeutic targets. Citation Format: Ali Amin-Mansour, Stefano Sioletic, Scott L. Carter, Levi A. Garraway, George D. Demetri, Suzanne George, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Andrew J. Wagner. Differential evolution of tumor heterogeneity in leiomyosarcomas and liposarcomas suggested by genomic profiling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4819. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4819
Organic Semiconductors for Transparent Electronics (2018)

A relatively unexplored, yet important, research focus has been to develop optically transparent organic semiconductor thin films with efficient charge-transport characteristics. This chapter focuses on transparent organic semiconductors. Organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) are envisioned as key building blocks of next generation electronic technologies such as low-power-consumption flexible displays, electronic papers, plastic RFID tags, and sensors. The historic development of oligothiophene derivatives has significantly advanced the field of organic semiconductors for organic TFT and achieved record charge carrier mobilities for both hole and electron. In the past decade, organic semiconductor research has extensively focused on fused heteroacenes as a new promising class of p-type semiconductors. Rylene dicarboximides belong to one of the most popular and deeply studied classes of n-type semiconductors. Among the rylene dicarboximide semiconductors developed in the past two decades for organic electronics, only pyromelliticdicarboximides (PyDI) and naphthalenedicarboximides (NDI) have the potential for use in transparent electronics.
An autologous tumor-derived heat shock protein vaccine for high risk ovarian cancer (2005)

9592 Background: Five-year survival for stage III and IV ovarian cancer of the epithelial cell origin is less than 30%, despite surgery and chemotherapy, due largely to disease relapse. Tumor-derived heat shock protein (HSP) gp96-peptide complexes can induce tumor-protective T cell immunity in multiple preclinical models. We have initiated the first study of consolidation therapy with autologous gp96 vaccine for stage III/IV ovarian cancer. Methods: All patients have the diagnosis of stage III or IV ovarian cancers. Gp96-peptide complexes are purified from autologous tumors procured at the initial surgery. Patients who have completed standard therapy (Carboplatin/Taxane) and have no evidence of progressive disease are eligible to receive the vaccine. The first 11 patients receive gp96, 25 μg i.d., weekly for 8 weeks. The second group of 11 patients will receive the same dose and schedule of gp96 vaccine, mixed with 100 μg GM-CSF. Patients are followed clinically for toxicity and relapse-free survival, and immunologically for T cell and NK cell responses. Results: Twenty patients signed consent and their tumors were procured. So far, gp96 was purified successfully for all 8 patients. Five have completed the vaccination with gp96. Three are being immunized. No patients received gp96 and GM-CSF just yet. Grade II or higher toxicity was not observed. All 5 patients demonstrated increased NK cell activity measured by ELISPOT against K562 cells. Three of 5 patients showed increased IFNγ-producing cells in the peripheral blood against autologous gp96-peptide complexes that are MHC class I-dependent. Conclusions: This is the first trial to test an HSP-based vaccine against ovarian cancer in a consolidation setting. Our results demonstrated that it is feasible and well-tolerated. In addition, measurable immunological responses were observed. Future studies will determine the clinical efficacy of gp96 vaccine for ovarian cancer and the potential benefits of adding GM-CSF in HSP vaccines. Acknowledgement: This work is supported in part by the Pamela Weinstein Ovarian Cancer Endowment Fund. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Antigenics Antigenics
Expression of Recombinant Plasmodium falciparumSubtilisin-like Protease-1 in Insect Cells (2002)

Serine proteases play crucial roles in erythrocyte invasion by merozoites of the malaria parasite. Plasmodium falciparum subtilisin-like protease-1 (PfSUB-1) is synthesized during maturation of the intraerythrocytic parasite and accumulates in a set of merozoite secretory organelles, suggesting that it may play a role in host cell invasion or post-invasion events. We describe the production, purification, and characterization of recombinant PfSUB-1 and comparison with the authentic protease detectable in parasite extracts. The recombinant protease requires high levels of calcium for optimum activity and has an alkaline pH optimum. Using a series of decapeptide and protein substrates, PfSUB-1 was found to have a relaxed substrate specificity with regard to the P1 position but is unable to efficiently cleave substrates with a P1 leucine residue. Similarly, replacement of a P4 valine with alanine severely reduced cleavage efficiency, whereas its replacement with lysine abolished cleavage. In all respects investigated, the recombinant protease was indistinguishable from parasite-derived enzyme. Three-dimensional homology modeling of the PfSUB-1 catalytic domain based on an alignment with closely related bacterial subtilisins and an orthologue from the rodent malaria Plasmodium yoelii suggests that the protease has at least three potential calcium ion-binding sites, three intramolecular disulfide bridges, and a single free cysteine within the enzyme S1 pocket. A predicted highly polar S1 pocket and a hydrophobic S4 subsite are in broad agreement with the experimentally determined substrate specificity.
DOE-NSF-NIH Workshop on Opportunities in THz Science, February 12-14, 2004 (2004)

This is the report of the Workshop on Opportunities in THz Science, held on February 12-14, 2004 in Arlington, VA. This workshop brought together researchers who use or produce THz radiation for physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and materials science to discuss new research opportunities and common resource needs. The charge from the sponsors of the workshop was to focus on basic science questions within these disciplines that have and can be answered using THz radiation.
Promising Low-Toxicity of Viologen-Phosphorus Dendrimers against Embryonic Mouse Hippocampal Cells (2013)

A new class of viologen-phosphorus dendrimers (VPDs) has been recently shown to possess the ability to inhibit neurodegenerative processes in vitro. Nevertheless, in the Central Nervous Systems domain, there is little information on their impact on cell functions, especially on neuronal cells. In this work, we examined the influence of two VPD (VPD1 and VPD3) of zero generation (G0) on murine hippocampal cell line (named mHippoE-18). Extended analyses of cell responses to these nanomolecules comprised cytotoxicity test, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation studies, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) assay, cell death detection, cell morphology assessment, cell cycle studies, as well as measurements of catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) level. The results indicate that VPD1 is more toxic than VPD3. However, these two tested dendrimers did not cause a strong cellular response, and induced a low level of apoptosis. Interestingly, VPD1 and VPD3 treatment led to a small decline in ROS level compared to untreated cells, which correlated with slightly increased catalase activity. This result indicates that the VPDs can indirectly lower the level of ROS in cells. Summarising, low-cytotoxicity on mHippoE-18 cells together with their ability to quench ROS, make the VPDs very promising nanodevices for future applications in the biomedical field as nanocarriers and/or drugs per se.
Robust Neural Machine Translation with Joint Textual and Phonetic Embedding (2018)

Neural machine translation (NMT) is notoriously sensitive to noises, but noises are almost inevitable in practice. One special kind of noise is the homophone noise, where words are replaced by other words with similar pronunciations. We propose to improve the robustness of NMT to homophone noises by 1) jointly embedding both textual and phonetic information of source sentences, and 2) augmenting the training dataset with homophone noises. Interestingly, to achieve better translation quality and more robustness, we found that most (though not all) weights should be put on the phonetic rather than textual information. Experiments show that our method not only significantly improves the robustness of NMT to homophone noises, but also surprisingly improves the translation quality on some clean test sets.
Inclusion of quasi-vertex views in a brain-dedicated multi-pinhole SPECT system for improved imaging performance (2020)

With brain-dedicated multi-detector systems employing pinhole apertures the usage of detectors facing the top of the patient's head (i.e. quasi-vertex (QV) views) can provide the advantage of additional viewing from close to the brain for improved detector coverage. In this paper, we report the results of simulation and reconstruction studies to investigate the impact of the QV views on the imaging performance of AdaptiSPECT-C, a brain-dedicated stationary SPECT system under development. In this design, both primary and scatter photons from regions located inferior to the brain can contribute to SPECT projections acquired by the QV views, and thus degrade AdaptiSPECT-C imaging performance. In this work, we determined the proportion, origin, and nature (i.e. primary, scatter, and multiple-scatter) of counts emitted from structures within the head and throughout the body contributing to projections from the different AdaptiSPECT-C detector rings, as well as from a true vertex view detector. We simulated phantoms used to assess different aspects of image quality (i.e. uniform activity concentration sphere, and Derenzo), as well as anthropomorphic phantoms with different count levels emulating clinical <sup>123</sup>I activity distributions (i.e. DaTscan and perfusion). We determined that attenuation and scatter in the patient's body greatly diminish the probability of the photons emitted outside the volume of interest reaching to detectors and being recorded within the 15% photopeak energy window. In addition, we demonstrated that the inclusion of the residual of such counts in the system acquisition does not degrade visual interpretation or quantitative analysis. The addition of the QV detectors improves volumetric sensitivity, angular sampling, and spatial resolution leading to significant enhancement in image quality, especially in the striato-thalamic and superior regions of the brain. Besides, the use of QV detectors improves the recovery of clinically relevant metrics such as the striatal binding ratio and mean activity in selected cerebral structures. Our findings proving the usefulness of the QV ring for brain imaging with <sup>123</sup>I agents can be generalized to other commonly used SPECT imaging agents labelled with isotopes, such as <sup>99m</sup>Tc and likely <sup>111</sup>In.
Tykerb Discovery: A Dual EGFR and ERBB2 Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Early Efforts Established the Feasibility of Inhibiting ERBB2 and EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Activity as a Drug Intervention Approach Lead Optimization Efforts Produced Two Drug Candidates with the Desired Mechanism of Action: GW 2974 and GW 0277 Data Reanalysis and Mix-and-Match Strategy Lead to Tykerb Drug Candidate Selection References
Next generation electromagnetic optimization with the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (2011)

Classical evolutionary strategies such as the genetic algorithm and particle swarm technique have long been the most called upon methods for optimization of electromagnetic design problems. Due to their capability for robust global search and their ease of implementation, they have been fruitfully applied to the design of antennas, arrays, frequency selective surfaces, metamaterials and other electromagnetic devices. Since then, many new optimization techniques have been developed that often allow more complex design problems to be tackled, or reduce the time needed to optimize the problems of the past. One algorithm found particularly effective is the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES). The operation of CMA-ES will be covered in detail here. Additionally, the powerful performance of the technique when confronted with several different design problems and test functions will be demonstrated.
Creation of Interferon-α8 Mutants with Amino Acid Substitutions Against Interferon-α Receptor-2 Binding Sites Using Phage Display System and Evaluation of Their Biologic Properties (2009)

In this study, we describe the creation of three interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha)8 mutants with markedly higher antiviral and antiproliferative activities in comparison with those of the wild-type (wt)IFN-alpha8, wtIFN-alpha2, and IFN-con1 using a phage display system. Sequence analysis showed that three out of the six hot-spot amino acid residues of wtIFN-alpha8 known to be important for the interaction with the IFN-alpha receptor-2 (IFNAR-2)-binding sites were substituted to other amino acids and the others remained. Although affinity analysis revealed that the dissociation constant (K(D)) of IFN-alpha8 mutants was almost the same with that of wtIFN-alpha8, furthermore, the rates of association (k(a)) and dissociation (k(d)) were relatively lower. These results suggest that changes in the surface electronic charge of amino acid residues lead to changes in binding affinity and kinetics (prolonged dissociation time) toward the IFNAR-2, resulting in the modification of the biological activity. Moreover, our results demonstrate that the molecular engineering of the IFN-alpha8 provides important insight into action of IFN and also it would be useful in the development of therapeutically prominent IFN preparations than those used in clinical practice.
<title>Doppler technique for the detection and localization of modified brachytherapy seeds</title> (2002)

A technique to improve detection of brachytherapy seeds in ultrasound images is presented. Seeds modified to include a small ferrous or magnetic component are vibrated with an amplitude of a few microns within the tissue by an external magnetic field. The vibration is detected by standard Power Doppler or Pulse Wave Doppler systems, which pinpoint the source of vibration and thus the seed within the image. The results of in vitro experiments on agar and liver-tissue phantoms are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. MRI compatibility issues are addressed.
Drawing antialiased cubic spline curves (1991)

Cubic spline curves have many nice properties that make them desirable for use in comptuer graphics, and the advantages of antialiasing have been known for some years. Yet, only recently has there been any attempt at directly antialiasing spline curves. Parametric spline curves have resisted antialiasing in several ways: single segments may cross or become tangent to themselves. Cusps and small loops are easily missed entirely. Thus, short pieces of the curve cannot necessarily be rendered in isolation. Finding the distance from a pixel center to the curve accurately and efficiently—usually an essential part of antialiasing—is an unsolved problem. The method presented by Lien, Shantz, and Pratt [21] is a good start, although it considers pixel-length pieces of the curve in isolation and lacks robustness in the handling of certain curves. This paper provides an improved method that is more robust, and is able to handle intersections and tangency.
How Much Perioperative Pain and Dysfunction Underlie the HOOS JR and KOOS JR? (2023)

Level III, therapeutic study.
File Sharing Using IP-Multicast. (2004)

Abstract: File sharing systems cause a huge portion of traffic in the Internet. With re-spect to the peer-to-peer approach, unicast delivery of content is the common case. Un-fortunately, an inherent characteristic of filesharing systems employing unicast com-munication is that the sum of all download rates cannot exceed the sum of all upload rates. As asymmetric internet connections become increasingly popular, this restric-tion is clearly noticeable in form of low download rates. Together with the observation that popular files are requested by many users within a short time frame, this motivates the usage of multicast communication. This paper analyzes the effects of using IP multicast in a filesharing system. 1
Ultra-low energy security circuits for IoT applications (2016)

Low-area energy-efficient security primitives are key building blocks for enabling end-to-end content protection, user authentication, and consumer confidentiality in the IoT world that is estimated to surpass 50billion smart and connected devices by 2020. This paper describes design approaches that blend energy-efficient circuit techniques with optimal accelerator microarchitecture datapath, and hardware friendly arithmetic to achieve ultra-low energy consumption in security platforms for seamless adoption in area/battery constrained and self-powered systems. Industry leading energy-efficiency is demonstrated with three designs, fabricated and measured in advanced process technologies: 1) A 2040-gate arithmetically optimized composite-field Sbox based AES accelerator achieves 289Gbps/W peak energy-efficiency while offering 432Mbps throughput in 22nm tri-gate CMOS, 2) Hybrid Physically Unclonable Function (PUF) circuit leverages burn-in induced aging to reduce bit-error, followed by temporal-majority-voting, dark-bit masking, and error-correction conditioning techniques to generate a 100% stable full-entropy key with 190fJ/bit energy consumption in 22nm tri-gate CMOS. 3) A light-weight all digital TRNG uses in-line correlation suppressor and entropy-extractor circuits to achieve >0.99 min-entropy with 3pJ/bit measured energy-efficiency while operating down to 300mV in 14nm tri-gate CMOS.
Experimental Studies Into the Beam Parameter Product of GaAs High-Power Diode Lasers (2021)

Experimental studies into the beam parameter product (BPP) of 940-980 nm GaAs-based high-power diode lasers are presented. Such lasers exhibit broadening far field and narrowing near field with increasing bias, with BPP increasing tenfold over the diffraction limit. First, spectrally-resolved beam profile measurements of lasers with monolithically-integrated gratings are presented, showing that a reproducible series of spatially-extended optical modes makes up the optical field. Then, changes to the device construction are presented, enabling effects limiting BPP to be inferred and addressed. Process- and package-induced effects can be minimized by design, while the effects of carrier, gain and temperature profiles dominate. Self-heating within the laser stripe raises the refractive index, forming a thermal lens, and the variation in curvature of this lens with bias and device construction directly affects BPP. Temperature non-uniformity along the resonator is also shown to strongly degrade BPP. Moreover, current spreading and the resulting lateral carrier accumulation (LCA) amplify high-order, high-BPP modes, thus degrading BPP for any given thermal lens. This LCA-induced degradation is shown to be suppressed by regrown lateral current-blocking structures. Finally, a flatter thermal lens and lower BPP can be achieved using thermal engineering, via changes to the epitaxial design or device layout.