gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation of Fang's Ag superlens suitable for integration (2009)

We report on experimental realization of the Fang Ag superlens structure [1] suitable for further processing and integration in bio-chips by replacing PMMA with a highly chemical resistant cyclo-olefin copolymer, mr-I T85 (Micro Resist Technology, Berlin, Germany). The superlens was able to resolve 80 nm half-pitch gratings when operating at a free space wavelength of 365 nm. Fang et al. used PMMA since it enables the presence of surface plasmons at the PMMA/Ag interface at 365 nm and because it planarizes the quartz/chrome mask. If the superlens is to be integrated into a device where further processing is needed involving various organic polar solvents, PMMA cannot be used. We propose to use mr-I T85, which is highly chemically resistant to acids and polar solvents. Our superlens stack consists of a quartz/chrome grating mask, a 40 nm layer of mr-I T85, 35 nm Ag, and finally 70 nm of the negative photoresist mr-UVL 6000 (Micro Resist). A 50 nm layer of aluminium on top of the quartz/chrome mask reflected all light that did not penetrate through the mask openings thereby reducing waveguiding in the top resist layer. The exposures took place in a UV-aligner at 365 nm corresponding to the excitation wavelength of the surface plasmons at the mr-I T85/Ag interface. Supporting COMSOL simulations illustrate the field intensity distribution inside the resist as well as the presence of surface plasmons at the mr-I T85/Ag boundary. AFM scans of the exposed structure revealed 80 nm gratings.
Resilient Backhaul Network Design Using Hybrid Radio/Free-Space Optical\n Technology (2015)

The radio-frequency (RF) technology is a scalable solution for the backhaul\nplanning. However, its performance is limited in terms of data rate and\nlatency. Free Space Optical (FSO) backhaul, on the other hand, offers a higher\ndata rate but is sensitive to weather conditions. To combine the advantages of\nRF and FSO backhauls, this paper proposes a cost-efficient backhaul network\nusing the hybrid RF/FSO technology. To ensure a resilient backhaul, the paper\nimposes a given degree of redundancy by connecting each node through $K$\nlink-disjoint paths so as to cope with potential link failures. Hence, the\nnetwork planning problem considered in this paper is the one of minimizing the\ntotal deployment cost by choosing the appropriate link type, i.e., either\nhybrid RF/FSO or optical fiber (OF), between each couple of base-stations while\nguaranteeing $K$ link-disjoint connections, a data rate target, and a\nreliability threshold. The paper solves the problem using graph theory\ntechniques. It reformulates the problem as a maximum weight clique problem in\nthe planning graph, under a specified realistic assumption about the cost of OF\nand hybrid RF/FSO links. Simulation results show the cost of the different\nplanning and suggest that the proposed heuristic solution has a\nclose-to-optimal performance for a significant gain in computation complexity.\n
Deposition of multi-element metallic thin films by magnetron sputtering: metallic glasses and high entropy alloys (2012)

International audience
Rapid behavior modeling platform for RF power amplifiers/transmitters (2008)

This paper presents a rapid modeling platform for RF power amplifiers/transmitters, which consists of the equivalent baseband data acquisition system and the behavior modeling software. The data acquisition system comprises a vector signal generator and a vector signal analyzer to obtain the equivalent baseband output of the power amplifiers/transmitter. The modeling software includes signal generation/acquisition module, modeling module and post-processing module. Different dynamic nonlinear models and a variety of model identification algorithms can be applied to build the forward and reverse model of the power amplifier/transmitter so as to quickly evaluate the linearization performance of a designated power amplifier/transmitter while applying different dynamic nonlinear models.
Infant Refraction and Accommodation (1980)

A reasonable amount of information concerning early refraction and accommodation has been accumulated. The measurements of refraction appear to be reliable and concurrently valid, although more attention should be devoted to both of those issues. There is also some evidence that the measurements can be developmentally significant since adults with histories of early spherical or cylindrical errors exhibit nonreversible visual deficits. The retrospective findings [11, 43] that evidenced this point do not necessarily imply that large refractive errors during infancy invariably yield visual deficits later on. To determine the significance of early errors, their predictive validity must be better estimated. Some evidence indicates that neonatal refractions predict refractions later in infancy. But the actual magnitude of the relationship between early and school aged or adult refractions is uncertain. Longitudinal studies of refraction from birth to at least the elementary school years would yield appropriate data. It is hoped that with the increasing interest in early visual function and the development of accurate, yet rapid techniques of measurement (such as photorefraction), such information will soon be forthcoming. It will be of special interest to unveil the mechanisms that control the development of refraction, in particular, to reveal the developmental relationship between refraction and accommodation.
A Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Macaque Model of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection (2022)

Microsporidiosis caused by <i>Enterocytozoon bieneusi</i> is a common opportunistic infection in patients with HIV/AIDS and those on immunosuppressive therapy. A significant loss of mucosal or peripheral CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and subsequent dysfunction of the intestinal immune system may be responsible for the development of chronic microsporidiosis in these patients. We have used the Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected macaque model to investigate this relationship. To establish the course of <i>E. bieneusi</i> infection in SIV-infected animals, four SIV-infected animals were experimentally challenged with <i>E. bieneusi</i> when their CD4<sup>+</sup> counts dropped to less than 300 cells/μL of blood. Analysis of fecal samples by nested polymerase chain reaction revealed that three out of four <i>E. bieneusi</i>-infected macaques continued to shed spores for 7-24 months after infection, an indication of chronic microsporidiosis. Four other SIV-infected macaques, after having an initial negative phase, spontaneously acquired <i>E. bieneusi</i> infection when their CD4<sup>+</sup> counts dropped to less than 600 cells/μL of blood and shed spores for 8-19 months. The shedding of <i>E. bieneusi</i> spores in the feces increased relative to decrease in peripheral blood CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell numbers. Gut biopsies were obtained before and after challenge to phenotype the mucosal lymphocyte subsets using flow cytometry. The immunophenotypic analysis showed no restoration of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells after <i>E. bieneusi</i> infection in the intestinal cells. A slight increase in the percentage population of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in peripheral blood did not have any effect on the control of <i>E. bieneusi</i> infection in the SIV-infected macaques. These preliminary studies demonstrate that SIV-infected macaques develop chronic <i>E. bieneusi</i> infections as their CD4<sup>+</sup> counts dropped to below 300 cells/μL of blood.
Overview of surface measurements and spatial characterization of submicrometer particulate matter during the DISCOVER-AQ 2013 campaign in Houston, TX (2017)

This article describes an urban-scale mobile study to characterize spatial variations in submicrometer particulate matter (PM<sub>1</sub>) in greater Houston. The data set indicates substantial spatial variations in PM<sub>1</sub> sources/chemistry and elucidates the importance of photochemistry and nighttime oxidant chemistry in producing secondary PM<sub>1</sub>. These results emphasize the potential benefits of effective control strategies throughout the region, not only to reduce primary emissions of PM<sub>1</sub> from automobiles and industry but also to reduce the emissions of important secondary PM<sub>1</sub> precursors, including sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, ammonia, and volatile organic compounds. Such efforts also could aid in efforts to reduce mixing ratios of ozone.
An interactive simulation environment for craniofacial surgical procedures. (2005)

Recent advances in medical imaging and surgical techniques have made possible the correction of severe facial deformities and fractures. Surgical correction techniques often involve the direct manipulation - both relocation and surgical fracture - of the underlying facial bone. The work presented here introduces an environment for interactive, visuohaptic simulation of craniofacial surgical procedures, with an emphasis on both mandibular distraction procedures and traditional orthognathic surgeries. The simulator is intended both for instruction and for procedure-specific rehearsal, and can thus load canonical training cases or patient-specific image data into the interactive environment. A network module allows remote demonstration of procedure technique, a form of 'haptic tutoring'. This paper discusses the simulation, haptic feedback, and graphic rendering techniques used to drive the environment. Particular emphasis is placed on techniques for fracture and subsequent rigid manipulation of bone structures, a key component of the relevant procedures.
Data-driven articulatory inversion incorporating articulator priors. (2008)

Recovering the motions of speech articulators from the acoustic speech signal has a long history, starting from the observation that a simple concatenated tube model is a reasonable model for the origin of formant resonances. In this work, we take a different approach making minimal assumptions about the interdependence of acoustics and articulators by estimating the full joint distribution of the two spaces based on a corpus of paired data, derived from an articulatory synthesizer. This approach allows us to estimate posterior distributions of articulator state as well as finding the maximum-likelihood trajectories. We present examples comparing this approach to a related, earlier approach that did not incorporate prior distributions over articulator space, and demonstrate the advantages of learning the models from realistic utterances. We also indicate benefits available from jointly estimating particular pairs of articulators that have high mutual dependence. Index Terms: articulatory inversion, speech acoustics 1.
Synthesis of Sildenafil Citrate and Process Related Impurities (2011)

Synthesis of Sildenafil by the O-alkylation of 5-[2-hydroxy-5-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylsulphonyl)phenyl]-1- methyl-3-n-propyl-1,6-dihydro-7H-pyrazolo-[4,3-d]pyrimidin-7-one 8 proved difficult because concomitant alkylation of the pyrimidine moity also occurred. The selective O-alkylation was carried by DCC assisted decarboxilative etherification of the carbonate 9. Keywords: Decarboxilative etherification, sildenafil citrate, process impurities, piperazine, cyclic guanosine monophosphate, phenol, O-alkylation, silica gel, chromatography, alkylarylcarbonates
Role of p53/NF-κB functional balance in respiratory syncytial virus-induced inflammation response (2018)

The interplay between respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the p53 pathway has only been reported in a limited number of studies, yet the underlying abrogation mechanisms of p53 activity during the time course of infection, possibly involving viral proteins, remained unclear. Here, we demonstrate that RSV infection impairs global p53 transcriptional activity, notably via its proteasome-dependent degradation at late stages of infection. We also demonstrate that NS1 and NS2 contribute to the abrogation of p53 activity, and used different experimental strategies (e.g. siRNA, small molecules) to underline the antiviral contribution of p53 in the context of RSV infection. Notably, our study highlights a strong RSV-induced disequilibrium of the p53/NF-κB functional balance, which appears to contribute to the up-regulation of the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
Increased expression of VEGF in retinal pigmented epithelial cells is not sufficient to cause choroidal neovascularization (2004)

Increased expression of vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF) in the retina is sufficient to stimulate sprouting of neovascularization from the deep capillary bed of the retina, but not the superficial retinal capillaries or the choriocapillaris. Coexpression of VEGF and angiopoietin 2 (Ang2) results in sprouting of neovascularization from superficial and deep retinal capillaries, but not the choriocapillaris. However, retina-derived VEGF and Ang2 may not reach the choriocapillaris, because of tight junctions between retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells. To eliminate this possible confounding factor, we used the human vitelliform macular dystrophy 2 (VMD2) promoter, an RPE-specific promoter, combined with the tetracycline-inducible promoter system, to generate double transgenic mice with inducible expression of VEGF in RPE cells. Adult mice with increased expression of VEGF in RPE cells had normal retinas and choroids with no choroidal neovascularization (CNV), but when increased expression of VEGF in RPE cells was combined with subretinal injection of a gutless adenoviral vector containing an expression construct for Ang2 (AGVAng2), CNV consistently occurred. In contrast, triple transgenic mice with induced expression of Ang2 and VEGF in RPE cells, did not develop CNV. These data suggest that increased expression of VEGF and/or Ang2 in RPE cells is not sufficient to cause CNV unless it is combined with a subretinal injection of a gutless adenoviral vector, which is likely to perturb RPE cells. These data also suggest that the effects of angiogenic proteins may vary among vascular beds, even those that are closely related, and, therefore, generalizations should be avoided.
Coordinated refresh: Energy efficient techniques for DRAM refresh scheduling (2013)

As the size and speed of DRAM devices increase, the performance and energy overheads due to refresh become more significant. To reduce refresh penalty we propose techniques referred collectively as “Coordinated Refresh”, in which scheduling of low power modes and refresh commands are coordinated so that most of the required refreshes are issued when the DRAM device is in the deepest low power Self Refresh (SR) mode. Our approach saves DRAM background power because the peripheral circuitry and clocks are turned off in the SR mode. Our proposed solutions improve DRAM energy efficiency by 10% as compared to baseline, averaged across all the SPEC CPU 2006 benchmarks.
CDK9 Regulates AR Promoter Selectivity and Cell Growth through Serine 81 Phosphorylation (2010)

Previously we determined that S81 is the highest stoichiometric phosphorylation on the androgen receptor (AR) in response to hormone. To explore the role of this phosphorylation on growth, we stably expressed wild-type and S81A mutant AR in LHS and LAPC4 cells. The cells with increased wild-type AR expression grow faster compared with parental cells and S81A mutant-expressing cells, indicating that loss of S81 phosphorylation limits cell growth. To explore how S81 regulates cell growth, we tested whether S81 phosphorylation regulates AR transcriptional activity. LHS cells stably expressing wild-type and S81A mutant AR showed differences in the regulation of endogenous AR target genes, suggesting that S81 phosphorylation regulates promoter selectivity. We next sought to identify the S81 kinase using ion trap mass spectrometry to analyze AR-associated proteins in immunoprecipitates from cells. We observed cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)9 association with the AR. CDK9 phosphorylates the AR on S81 in vitro. Phosphorylation is specific to S81 because CDK9 did not phosphorylate the AR on other serine phosphorylation sites. Overexpression of CDK9 with its cognate cyclin, Cyclin T, increased S81 phosphorylation levels in cells. Small interfering RNA knockdown of CDK9 protein levels decreased hormone-induced S81 phosphorylation. Additionally, treatment of LNCaP cells with the CDK9 inhibitors, 5,6-dichloro-1-β-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole and Flavopiridol, reduced S81 phosphorylation further, suggesting that CDK9 regulates S81 phosphorylation. Pharmacological inhibition of CDK9 also resulted in decreased AR transcription in LNCaP cells. Collectively these results suggest that CDK9 phosphorylation of AR S81 is an important step in regulating AR transcriptional activity and prostate cancer cell growth.
Harnessing endogenous stem/progenitor cells for tendon regeneration (2015)

Current stem cell-based strategies for tissue regeneration involve ex vivo manipulation of these cells to confer features of the desired progenitor population. Recently, the concept that endogenous stem/progenitor cells could be used for regenerating tissues has emerged as a promising approach that potentially overcomes the obstacles related to cell transplantation. Here we applied this strategy for the regeneration of injured tendons in a rat model. First, we identified a rare fraction of tendon cells that was positive for the known tendon stem cell marker CD146 and exhibited clonogenic capacity, as well as multilineage differentiation ability. These tendon-resident CD146+ stem/progenitor cells were selectively enriched by connective tissue growth factor delivery (CTGF delivery) in the early phase of tendon healing, followed by tenogenic differentiation in the later phase. The time-controlled proliferation and differentiation of CD146+ stem/progenitor cells by CTGF delivery successfully led to tendon regeneration with densely aligned collagen fibers, normal level of cellularity, and functional restoration. Using siRNA knockdown to evaluate factors involved in tendon generation, we demonstrated that the FAK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway regulates CTGF-induced proliferation and differentiation of CD146+ stem/progenitor cells. Together, our findings support the use of endogenous stem/progenitor cells as a strategy for tendon regeneration without cell transplantation and suggest this approach warrants exploration in other tissues.
The Hydrophobisation of Cellulose Pulp (2007)

The hydrophobisation of cellulose can be achieved by the treatment of wood fibers with aluminum sulfate and sodium salts of fatty acids. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of various factors on the resultant hydrophobicity. The investigated variables were fatty acid chemistry and reaction conditions. The hydrophobic property was assessed indirectly by quantifying the wettability of cellulosic material (contact angle) and water retention value (WRV).
Automatic detection of relevant information, predictions and forecasts in financial news through topic modelling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation (2023)

Abstract Financial news items are unstructured sources of information that can be mined to extract knowledge for market screening applications. They are typically written by market experts who describe stock market events within the context of social, economic and political change. Manual extraction of relevant information from the continuous stream of finance-related news is cumbersome and beyond the skills of many investors, who, at most, can follow a few sources and authors. Accordingly, we focus on the analysis of financial news to identify relevant text and, within that text, forecasts and predictions. We propose a novel Natural Language Processing ( nlp ) system to assist investors in the detection of relevant financial events in unstructured textual sources by considering both relevance and temporality at the discursive level. Firstly, we segment the text to group together closely related text. Secondly, we apply co-reference resolution to discover internal dependencies within segments. Finally, we perform relevant topic modelling with Latent Dirichlet Allocation ( lda ) to separate relevant from less relevant text and then analyse the relevant text using a Machine Learning-oriented temporal approach to identify predictions and speculative statements. Our solution outperformed a rule-based baseline system. We created an experimental data set composed of 2,158 financial news items that were manually labelled by nlp researchers to evaluate our solution. Inter-agreement Alpha-reliability and accuracy values, and rouge-l results endorse its potential as a valuable tool for busy investors. The rouge-l values for the identification of relevant text and predictions/forecasts were 0.662 and 0.982, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first work to jointly consider relevance and temporality at the discursive level. It contributes to the transfer of human associative discourse capabilities to expert systems through the combination of multi-paragraph topic segmentation and co-reference resolution to separate author expression patterns, topic modelling with lda to detect relevant text, and discursive temporality analysis to identify forecasts and predictions within this text. Our solution may have compelling applications in the financial field, including the possibility of extracting relevant statements on investment strategies to analyse authors’ reputations.
Power factor improvement technology by means of resonant type converter circuits (1999)

It is desired to develop soft-switching power factor improvement technology and put it into practical use by means of a high-efficiency, low-noise, and low-cost resonant-type converter. Every technology that has been developed so far has many disadvantages alongside its advantages and leaves problems to be solved before it can be put to practical use. This paper presents the configuration of a partial capacitor input rectifier circuit using soft-switching operations that we have developed as a power-feedback-type one-converter circuit. The technology allows us to implement practical power factor improvement for consumer-use electronic products. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 125(4): 67–74, 1998
Comparison of dynamic analysis of a Schilling hydraulic manipulator with experimental results (1993)

Two independent models of the dynamics of a Schilling Titan II hydraulic manipulator were developed and compared in order to obtain an accurate model of the manipulator dynamics. These models will be used in the development of feedback control laws and active damping algorithms. One of the model is an analytical model which was developed {open_quotes}by hand{close_quotes} with the assistance of computer symbolic manipulation. The other is a numerical model developed using a commercially available dynamics code. The data from these models were then compared with experimental data from an actual Titan II manipulator.