gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Pose Tracking from RGB Inputs (2018)

In the context of Virtual and Augmented Reality, in order to allow systems to provide natural interaction through gestures and general understanding of user body behavior it is fundamental to obtain the configuration of human poses. Once achieved, the goal of obtaining such poses from RGB images through cameras brings the possibility of a wide range of applications in the areas of security (i.e.: local activity monitoring), healthcare (i.e.: postural analysis) and entertainment (i.e.: games and animations motion capture). However, the acquisition of human poses solely through RGB images is still considered a challenge, once that pure visual data doesnt explicitly give us information about the human body joints (keypoints in pixels) localization in the image. In this work we propose the a machine learning method, more specifically deep learning based on convolutional neural networks, capable of tackling this problem.
Fault Tolerance: Methods of Rollback Recovery (1997)

This paper describes the latest methods of rollback recovery for fault-tolerant distributed shared memory (DSM) multiprocessors. This report discusses (1) the theoretical issues that rollback recovery addresses, (2) the 3 major classes of methods for recovery, and (3) the relative merits of each class.
A Bilinear Framework For Adaptive Speech Dereverberation Combining Beamforming And Linear Prediction (2022)

Speech dereverberation algorithms based on multichannel linear prediction (MCLP) are effective under various acoustic conditions. This paper proposes a bilinear form for the MCLP based dereverberation, where the MCLP filter is expressed as a Kronecker product of a spatial filter and a temporal filter. Then, a recursive least-squares (RLS)-based algorithm is derived for adaptive speech dereverberation. Compared with the original MCLP-based adaptive algorithm, the advantages of the proposed method are twofold: (1) the computational complexity is significantly reduced and is more suitable for dynamic scenarios, since fewer parameters have to be estimated per signal-block observation; and (2) it is more robust to noise by optimizing the spatial filter as a weighted minimum power distortionless response (wMPDR) beamformer. Simulation results validate the advantages of the proposed algorithm.
Light extraction enhancement of GaN-based light emitting diodes using MgF2/Al omnidirectional reflectors (2008)

We report on the enhancement of the light extraction of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) by using MgF2/Al omnidirectional reflectors (ODRs). The ODRs consisting of a quarter-wavelength-thick MgF2 having a refractive index of 1.39 and Al metal produce a high-angle-integrated reflectivity of 96.6%. To optimize the electrical injection and light reflection, the MgF2/Al ODRs are combined with Pd/Ag metallic reflectors using mesh configuration. Compared to reference LEDs, LEDs fabricated with the MgF2/Al ODRs show an enhanced output power by 23% and a slight increase in the forward voltage by 0.18 V, leading to the improvement in power efficiency by 17%.
Study of the Bose-Einstein correlations of same-sign pions in proton-lead collisions (2023)

A bstract Correlations of same-sign charged pions are analysed using proton-lead collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.06 nb − 1 . Bose-Einstein correlations are observed in the form of an enhancement of pair production for same-sign charged pions with a small four-momentum difference. The dependence of the correlation radius and the intercept parameter on the reconstructed charged-particle multiplicity is investigated. The measured correlation radii scale linearly with the cube root of the reconstructed charged-particle multiplicity, being compatible with predictions of hydrodynamic models on the collision system evolution.
Data from Telomerase Peptide Vaccination in NSCLC: A Phase II Trial in Stage III Patients Vaccinated after Chemoradiotherapy and an 8-Year Update on a Phase I/II Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; We report two clinical trials in non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients evaluating immune response, toxicity, and clinical outcome after vaccination with the telomerase peptide GV1001: a phase II trial (CTN-2006) in patients vaccinated after chemoradiotherapy and an 8-year update on a previously reported phase I/II trial (CTN-2000).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; CTN-2006: 23 inoperable stage III patients received radiotherapy (2 Gy × 30) and weekly docetaxel (20 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;), followed by GV1001 vaccination. CTN-2000: 26 patients were vaccinated with two telomerase peptides (GV1001 and I540). The immune responses were evaluated by T-cell proliferation and cytokine assays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; CTN-2006 trial: a GV1001-specific immune response developed in 16/20 evaluable patients. Long-term immunomonitoring showed persisting responses in 13 subjects. Serious adverse events were not observed. Immune responders recorded a median PFS of 371 days, compared with 182 days for nonresponders (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.20). CTN-2000 trial update: 13/24 evaluable subjects developed a GV1001 response. The immune responders achieved increased survival compared with nonresponders (median 19 months vs. 3.5 months; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001). Follow-up of four long-time survivors showed that they all harbored durable GV1001-specific T-cell memory responses and IFNγ&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt;/IL-10&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt;/IL-4&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt; cytokine profiles. Two patients are free of disease after 108 and 93 months, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Vaccination with GV1001 is well tolerated, immunizes the majority of NSCLC patients and establishes durable T-cell memory. The considerable immune response rate and low toxicity in the phase II trial support the concept of combining chemoradiotherapy with vaccination. The survival advantage observed for immune responders warrants a randomized trial. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(21); 6847–57. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthetic-focusing strategies for real-time annular-array imaging (2012)

Annular arrays provide a means to achieve enhanced image quality with a limited number of elements. Synthetic-focusing (SF) strategies that rely on beamforming data from individual transmit-to-receive (TR) element pairs provide a means to improve image quality without specialized TR delay electronics. Here, SF strategies are examined in the context of high-frequency ultrasound (>15 MHz) annular arrays composed of five elements, operating at 18 and 38 MHz. Acoustic field simulations are compared with experimental data acquired from wire and anechoic-sphere phantoms, and the values of lateral beamwidth, SNR, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and depth of field (DOF) are compared as a function of depth. In each case, data were acquired for all TR combinations (25 in total) and processed with SF using all 25 TR pairs and SF with the outer receive channels removed one by one. The results show that removing the outer receive channels led to an overall degradation of lateral resolution, an overall decrease in SNR, and did not reduce the DOF, although the DOF profile decreased in amplitude. The CNR was >1 and remained fairly constant as a function of depth, with a slight decrease in CNR for the case with just the central element receiving. The relative changes between the calculated and measured quantities were nearly identical for the 18- and 38-MHz arrays. B-mode images of the anechoic phantom and an in vivo mouse embryo using full SF with 25 TR pairs or reduced TR-pair approaches showed minimal qualitative difference.
Applications of genome‐scale metabolic reconstructions (2009)

The availability and utility of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions have exploded since the first genome-scale reconstruction was published a decade ago. Reconstructions have now been built for a wide variety of organisms, and have been used toward five major ends: (1) contextualization of high-throughput data, (2) guidance of metabolic engineering, (3) directing hypothesis-driven discovery, (4) interrogation of multi-species relationships, and (5) network property discovery. In this review, we examine the many uses and future directions of genome-scale metabolic reconstructions, and we highlight trends and opportunities in the field that will make the greatest impact on many fields of biology.
Difluorobiphenyl Dioxaborinanes for Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Applications (1997)

Abstract Six difluorobiphenyl dioxaborinanes, a new class of heterocyclic mesogen, have been synthesised. Compounds possessing lateral 2,3-difluorination of the end ring possess smectic C and nematic phases for the alkyl-alkoxy homologues. The smectic C phase is replaced by smectic A phase for the dialkyl homologues. While lateral 2,3-difluorination of the middle ring increase the nematic mesophase range, smectic phase stability is suppressed to such an extent that the smectic C phase appears only for longer chain length homologues. Compared to the analogous dioxanes, the transition temperatures of the dioxaborinanes are generally lower. Dioxaborinanes are more nematic in character with difluro substituents in the end phenyl ring, while they are more smectogenic when the difluorinated phenyl ring is in the middle of the core.
Quantum Algorithms for Testing Properties of Distributions (2010)

Suppose one has access to oracles generating samples from two unknown probability distributions $p$ and $q$ on some $N$-element set. How many samples does one need to test whether the two distributions are close or far from each other in the $L_1$-norm? This and related questions have been extensively studied during the last years in the field of property testing. In the present paper we study quantum algorithms for testing properties of distributions. It is shown that the $L_1$-distance $\|p-q\|_1$ can be estimated with a constant precision using only $O(N^{1/2})$ queries in the quantum settings, whereas classical computers need $\Omega(N^{1-o(1)})$ queries. We also describe quantum algorithms for testing Uniformity and Orthogonality with query complexity $O(N^{1/3})$. The classical query complexity of these problems is known to be $\Omega(N^{1/2})$. A quantum algorithm for testing Uniformity has been recently independently discovered by Chakraborty et al. \cite{CFMW09}.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of γ‐Amino‐β‐ketoalkylphosphonates from α‐Amino Acids. (1987)

Abstract The amino acid esters (I) react with the phosphonates (II) to give the ketophosphonates (III) which are split by trimethylsilyl bromide to yield the γ‐amino‐β‐ketophosphonates (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Solid State Syntheses of 12SrO×7Al2O3 and Formation of High Density Oxygen Radical Anions, O‐ and O2‐. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection and Measurement of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin-Like K (SEl-K) Secretion by Staphylococcus aureus Clinical Isolates (2014)

Staphylococcal enterotoxin-like K (SEl-K) is a potent mitogen that elicits T-cell proliferation and cytokine production at very low concentrations. However, unlike the classical enterotoxins SEB and toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), the gene for SEl-K is commonly present in more than half of all Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates and is present in almost all USA300 community-acquired methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA-MRSA) isolates. Sequencing of the sel-k gene in over 20 clinical isolates and comparative analysis with all 14 published sel-k sequences indicate that there are at least 6 variants of the sel-k gene, including one that is conserved among all examined USA300 strains. Additionally, we have developed a highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that specifically detects and measures SEl-K protein in culture supernatants and biological fluids. Quantification of in vitro SEl-K secretion by various S. aureus isolates using this novel capture ELISA revealed detectable amounts of SEl-K secretion by all isolates, with the highest secretion levels being exhibited by MRSA strains that coexpress SEB. In vivo secretion was measured in a murine thigh abscess model, where similar levels of SEl-K accumulation were noted regardless of whether the infecting strain exhibited high or low secretion of SEl-K in vitro. We conclude that SEl-K is commonly expressed in the setting of staphylococcal infection, in significant amounts. SEl-K should be further explored as a target for passive immunotherapy against complicated S. aureus infection.
Photophysics of blue light emitting polymeric mixed ionic-electronic conductors: Photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy (2006)

In this paper, the influence of the lithium salt lithium-trifluoromethanesulfonate (LiOTf) on the photophysics of three different oligo(ethylene-oxide) side-chain grafted poly($p$-phenylene) (PPP) type polymers is studied by correlating polymer morphology to optical properties. It is shown that the introduction of the lithium salt leads to a phase transition from a lamellar-type ordered structure to a random amorphous phase, which is accompanied by an alteration of the optical properties of the polymers. Both the $\ensuremath{\pi}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ as well as the triplet exciton (TE) absorption, exhibit a hypsochromic shift upon the addition of LiOTf. Moreover, a detailed study of the TE behavior of the polymer/LiOTf blend systems for different LiOTf concentrations was performed, including the generation rate of TEs from singlet excitons, the TE monomolecular decay, and the TE bimolecular annihilation process. One finds that upon increasing LiOTf concentration, both the TE generation rate and the TE lifetime increase, whereas the bimolecular annihilation process is diminished. These behaviors are correlated with the above mentioned order-disorder transition of the polymer system, which was confirmed by x-ray measurements.
An evaluation of the heat test for the ice-nucleating ability of minerals and biological material (2022)

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) are atmospheric aerosol particles that can strongly influence the radiative properties and precipitation onset in mixed-phase clouds by triggering ice formation in supercooled cloud water droplets. The ability to distinguish between INPs of mineral and biological origin in samples collected from the environment is needed to better understand their distribution and sources. A common method for assessing the relative contributions of mineral and biogenic INPs in samples collected from the environment (e.g. aerosol, rainwater, soil) is to determine the ice-nucleating ability (INA) before and after heating, where heat is expected to denature proteins associated with some biological ice nucleants. The key assumption is that the ice nucleation sites of biological origin are denatured by heat, while those associated with mineral surfaces remain unaffected; we test this assumption here. We exposed atmospherically relevant mineral samples to wet heat (INP suspensions warmed to above 90 ∘C) or dry heat (dry samples heated up to 250 ∘C) and assessed the effects on their immersion mode INA using a droplet freezing assay. K-feldspar, thought to be the dominant mineral-based atmospheric INP type where present, was not significantly affected by wet heating, while quartz, plagioclase feldspars and Arizona Test Dust (ATD) lost INA when heated in this mode. We argue that these reductions in INA in the aqueous phase result from direct alteration of the mineral particle surfaces by heat treatment rather than from biological or organic contamination. We hypothesise that degradation of active sites by dissolution of mineral surfaces is the mechanism in all cases due to the correlation between mineral INA deactivation magnitudes and their dissolution rates. Dry heating produced minor but repeatable deactivations in K-feldspar particles but was generally less likely to deactivate minerals compared to wet heating. We also heat-tested biogenic INP proxy materials and found that cellulose and pollen washings were relatively resistant to wet heat. In contrast, bacterially and fungally derived ice-nucleating samples were highly sensitive to wet heat as expected, although their activity remained non-negligible after wet heating. Dry heating at 250 ∘C leads to deactivation of all biogenic INPs. However, the use of dry heat at 250 ∘C for the detection of biological INPs is limited since K-feldspar's activity is also reduced under these conditions. Future work should focus on finding a set of dry heat conditions where all biological material is deactivated, but key mineral types are not. We conclude that, while wet INP heat tests at (&gt;90 ∘C) have the potential to produce false positives, i.e. deactivation of a mineral INA that could be misconstrued as the presence of biogenic INPs, they are still a valid method for qualitatively detecting very heat-sensitive biogenic INPs in ambient samples if the mineral-based INA is controlled by K-feldspar.
Longitudinal changes in knee gait mechanics between 2 and 8 years after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2017)

The purpose of this study was to longitudinally investigate changes in knee joint kinematics and kinetics from 2 to 8 years post-ACLR. Seventeen subjects with primary unilateral transtibial ACLR performed bilateral gait analysis approximately 2 years and 8 years post-ACLR. Seventeen matched healthy control subjects were also analyzed. Kinematic and kinetic comparisons between the ACLR and contralateral limbs over time were completed using a 2 × 2 (time, limb) repeated-measures ANOVA. Unpaired Student's t-tests were used to compare the ACLR and contralateral kinematics and kinetics to the control group. The ACLR and contralateral limbs had similar gait changes over time. Kinetic changes over time included a reduction in first (p = 0.048) and second (p < 0.001) peak extension moments, internal rotation moment (p < 0.001), adduction moment (first peak: p = 0.002, second peak: p = 0.009, impulse: p = 0.004) and an increase in peak knee flexion moment (p = 0.002). Kinematic changes over time included increases in peak knee flexion angle in the first half of stance (p = 0.026), minimum knee flexion angle in the second half of stance (p < 0.001), and average external rotation angle during stance (p = 0.007), and a reduction in average anterior femoral displacement during stance (p = 0.006). Comparison to healthy controls demonstrated improvement in some gait metrics over time. The results demonstrated longitudinal changes from 2 to 8 years after ACLR in knee joint kinetics and kinematics that have been related to clinical outcome after ACLR and the progression of knee OA, and support future larger and comprehensive investigations into long-term changes in joint mechanics in the ACLR population. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1478-1486, 2018.
Chiral Ball and Its Omnidirectional Circularly-Polarized Radiation (2022)

Chiral structures have reported radiation of circular polarized electromagnetic waves (CPs) in a specific direction. Here we report a class of torus knot radiators that is not only chiral but also three-dimensional (3-D) rotational symmetric along X, Y and Z axes. Because of this exotic chirality and symmetry, the knot radiator presented is able to demonstrate omnidirectional circular polarized radiation, which has never been reported in any known structures.
Methods to achieve ultra-high quality factor silicon nitride resonators (2021)

On-chip resonators are promising candidates for applications in a wide range of integrated photonic fields, such as communications, spectroscopy, biosensing, and optical filters, due to their compact size, wavelength selectivity, tunability, and flexible structure. The high quality (Q) factor is a main positive attribute of on-chip resonators that makes it possible for them to provide high sensitivity, narrow bandpass, and low power consumption. In this Tutorial, we discuss methods to achieve ultra-high Q factor on-chip resonators on a silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform. We outline the microfabrication processes, including detailed descriptions and recipes for steps such as deposition, lithography, etch, cladding, and etch facet, and then describe the measurement of the Q factor and methods to improve it. We also discuss how to extract the basic loss limit and determine the contribution of each loss source in the waveguide and resonator. We present a modified model for calculating scattering losses, which successfully relates the measured roughness of the waveguide interface to the overall performance of the device. We conclude with a summary of work done to date with low pressure chemical vapor deposition Si3N4 resonator devices, confinement, cross-sectional dimensions, bend radius, Q factor, and propagation loss.
Direct measurement of the frequency ratio for Hg and Yb optical lattice clocks and closure of the Hg/Yb/Sr loop (2020)

We performed the first direct measurement of the frequency ratio between a mercury (<sup>199</sup>Hg) and an ytterbium (<sup>171</sup>Yb) optical lattice clock to find ν<sub>Hg</sub>/ν<sub>Yb</sub> = 2.177 473 194 134 565 07(19) with the fractional uncertainty of 8.8 × 10<sup>-17</sup>. The ratio is in excellent agreement with expectations from the ratios ν<sub>Hg</sub>/ν<sub>Sr</sub> and ν<sub>Yb</sub>/ν<sub>Sr</sub> obtained previously in comparisons against a strontium (<sup>87</sup>Sr) optical lattice clock. The completed closure (ν<sub>Hg</sub>/ν<sub>Yb</sub>)(ν<sub>Yb</sub>/ν<sub>Sr</sub>)(ν<sub>Sr</sub>/ν<sub>Hg</sub>) - 1 = 0.4(1.3) × 10<sup>-16</sup> tests the frequency reproducibility of the optical lattice clocks beyond what is achievable in comparison against the current realization of the second in the International System of Units (SI).
Association of Peutz-Jeghers-like Mucocutaneous Pigmentation with Breast and Gynecologic Carcinomas in Women (2000)

Most reports describe an increased risk of malignancy in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS). We identified individuals with PJS-like pigmentation but no polyposis, designated as isolated mucocutaneous melanotic pigmentation (IMMP), and 1) characterized their clinical features, 2) assessed them for cancer events, and 3) screened a sample of these subjects for mutations in LKB1, a gene responsible for a portion of PJS cases. Review of Mayo Clinic records from 1945 to 1996 identified 26 patients with IMMP. All were then interviewed or their medical records reviewed to determine if cancer had developed. Conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis (CSGE) screening for LKB1 mutations was followed by direct sequencing. Ten of these 26 individuals (38%) developed 12 malignancies that arose in the cervix (n = 3), endometrium (n = 3), breast (n = 1), kidney (n = 1), lung (n = 2), colon (n = 1), and lymphatic tissue (n = 1). In females with IMMP, the relative risk for cancer was 3.2 (95% CI, 1.2-6.9), while that for males was not increased. The relative risk for breast and gynecologic cancers was 7.8 (95% CI, 2.5-18.1) in affected females. Of 9 individuals tested, no LKB1 mutations were detected. Classical PJS is associated with an increased cancer risk. Our results indicate that IMMP is another lentiginosis with cancer predisposition. In particular, the relative risk for cancer in females with IMMP was significantly increased, as is true in females with PJS. However, LKB1 mutations did not contribute to the development of IMMP in the patients tested.