gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multidisciplinary approach in the management of hATTR (2020)

Dr J. Gonzalez Moreno participated as an external advisor and received financial grants (honoraria and speaking) from Pfizer, Akcea and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals and serves on the THAOS scientific advisory board. Dr I. Losada-López participated as an external advisor and received financial grants (honoraria and speaking) from Pfizer and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Dr T. Ripoll-Vera participated as an external advisor and received financial grants (honoraria and speaking) from Pfizer, Akcea and Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Dr M. Usón received financial grants from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. The authors were not paid for their work developing the manuscript, and the views and opinions expressed are solely those of the authors.
Prolongevity Effects of an Oregano and Cranberry Extract are Diet Dependent in the Mexican Fruit Fly (Anastrepha ludens) (2009)

Botanicals have numerous health benefits. Here, we used the Mexican fruit fly to screen 14 compounds and botanicals for their prolongevity effects and found an oregano and cranberry mixture (OC) improved survival. We then evaluated prolongevity effects of OC within the context of diet composition. Individual flies were fed 0%, 1%, or 2% OC in one of the three diets containing sugar and yeast extract (SY) at a ratio of 3:1, 9:1, or 24:1. We found that prolongevity effects of OC depended upon dose, gender, and diet composition. The greatest increase in longevity was observed in females fed the SY24:1 diet with 2% OC compared to the non-supplemented diet. OC did not reduce egg laying and, hence, did not compromise fecundity under any dietary condition tested here. This study reveals the prolongevity effects of OC and supports the emerging view that benefits of botanicals on aging depend on diet composition and gender.
Coulomb drag near the metal-insulator transition in two dimensions (2005)

We studied the drag resistivity between dilute two-dimensional hole systems, near the apparent metal-insulator transition. We find the deviations from the ${T}^{2}$ dependence of the drag to be independent of layer spacing and correlated with the metalliclike behavior in the single-layer resistivity, suggesting they both arise from the same origin. In addition, layer-spacing dependence measurements suggest that while the screening properties of the system remain relatively independent of temperature, they weaken significantly as the carrier density is reduced. Finally, we demonstrate that the drag itself significantly enhances the metallic $T$ dependence in the single-layer resistivity.
RNAi screens reveal novel metabolic regulators: RIP140, MAP4k4 and the lipid droplet associated fat specific protein (FSP) 27 (2007)

Adipose tissue modulates whole body metabolism and insulin sensitivity by controlling circulating lipid levels and producing molecules that can regulate fatty acid metabolism in such tissues as muscle and liver. We have developed RNA interference (RNAi) screens to identify genes in cultured adipocytes that regulate insulin signalling and key metabolic pathways. These short interfering RNA (siRNA)-based screens identified the transcriptional corepressor receptor interacting protein 140 (RIP140) (J Clin Invest 116: 125, 2006) and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP4k4) (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103: 2087, 2006) as negative regulators of insulin-responsive hexose uptake and oxidative metabolism. Gene expression profiling revealed that RIP140 depletion upregulates the expression of clusters of genes in the pathways of glucose uptake, glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation. RIP140-null mice resist weight gain on a high-fat diet and display enhanced glucose tolerance. MAP4k4 depletion in adipocytes increases many of the RIP140-sensitive genes, increases adipogenesis and mediates some actions of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Remarkably, another hit in our RNAi screens was fat specific protein 27 (FSP27), a highly expressed isoform of Cidea. We discovered that FSP27 unexpectedly associates specifically with lipid droplets and regulates fat storage. We conclude that RIP140, MAP4k4 and the novel lipid droplet protein FSP27 are powerful regulators of adipose tissue metabolism and are potential therapeutic targets for controlling metabolic disease. The discovery of these novel proteins validates the power of RNAi screening for discovery of new therapeutic approaches to type 2 diabetes and obesity.
Lactide-Based Poly(ethylene glycol) Polymer Networks for Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering (1996)

Tissue engineering has recently attracted a great deal of attention for its potential in repairing, reconstructing, regenerating, or replacing tissues in damaged or diseased organs. A number of tissues and organs have already been investigated using this approach, including cartilage, liver, skin, bone, tendon, ureter, intestine, pancreas, and blood vessels. One approach in tissue engineering employs a hybrid system combining biomaterials as structural scaffolds to organize living cells into a desired structure in vitro or in vivo. Polymers for these scaffolds require good biocompatibility, suitable biodegradability, and the ability to interact specifically with appropriate cells.
Influence of audio triggered emotional attention on video perception (2014)

Perceptual video coding methods attempt to improve compression efficiency by discarding visual information not perceived by end users. Most of the current approaches for perceptual video coding only use visual features ignoring the auditory component. Many psychophysical studies have demonstrated that auditory stimuli affects our visual perception. In this paper we present our study of audio triggered emotional attention and it’s applicability to perceptual video coding. Experiments with movie clips show that the reaction time to detect video compression artifacts was longer when video was presented with the audio information. The results reported are statistically significant with p=0.024.
Evaluation of Design Parameters for Leadless Chip Resistors Solder Joints (1995)

Failures in electronic packaging under thermal fatigue often result from cracking in solder joints due to creep/fatigue crack growth. A nonlinear, time-dependent finite element analysis was performed to study the effect of critical design parameters on thermal reliability of leadless chip capacitor or resistor solder joints. The shear strain range based on thermal hysteresis response was used to study the sensitivity of various parameters, such as solder stand-off height, fillet geometry, Cu-pad length, and component length and thickness. The results were used as guidelines for designing reliable solder joints. In addition, an analytical model for the solder joint assembly was derived. It can be used .as an engineering approach for rapid assessment of large numbers of design parameters. The accuracy and effectiveness of the analytical model were evaluated by comparing with finite element results.
Chip on board (COB) versus board on chip (BOC) memory packages (2013)

Due to intense competition in the consumer electronics landscape, especially in the mobile communication products sector, new memory products (both DRAM and NAND Flash) must meet higher speed requirements, be packaged in smaller form factors, and achieve higher densities. Therefore, the most common package types-board on chip (BOC) for DRAM and chip on board (COB) for NAND Flash-must be analyzed to determine whether they can meet current and future packaging challenges. The components of COB and BOC substrates that are being studied are traces, bond fingers, the number of metal layers, and vias. Based on the trends of these substrate components, future substrates will be required to have at least two metal layers (BOC in particular), utilize narrower bond finger pitches, be thinner than 0.13mm and have vias with via land/drill hole sizes of less than 220μm/100μm. Further work must be performed to determine the minimum required trace width value based on the existing warpage specifications as well as the minimum required bond finger pitch as a function of die length.
Pulmonale Komplikationen in Abhängigkeit von zentrumsspezifischen Beatmungsfrequenzen (2005)

Fragestellung: Hat die zentrumsspezifische Beatmungsrate von VLBW-Frühgeborenen einen Einfluss auf die Rate pulmonaler Erkrankungen wie BPD und Pneumothorax? Bestehen Unterschiede in den Therapieschemata zwischen Zentren mit hoher und niedriger Beatmungsrate?
Research Priorities for the Influence of Gender on Diagnostic Imaging Choices in the Emergency Department Setting (2014)

Diagnostic imaging is a cornerstone of patient evaluation in the acute care setting, but little effort has been devoted to understanding the appropriate influence of sex and gender on imaging choices. This article provides background on this issue and a description of the working group and consensus findings reached during the diagnostic imaging breakout session at the 2014 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference "Gender-specific Research in Emergency Care: Investigate, Understand, and Translate How Gender Affects Patient Outcomes." Our goal was to determine research priorities for how sex and gender may (or should) affect imaging choices in the acute care setting. Prior to the conference, the working group identified five areas for discussion regarding the research agenda in sex- and gender-based imaging using literature review and expert consensus. The nominal group technique was used to identify areas for discussion for common presenting complaints to the emergency department where ionizing radiation is often used for diagnosis: suspected pulmonary embolism, suspected kidney stone, lower abdominal pain with a concern for appendicitis, and chest pain concerning for coronary artery disease. The role of sex- and gender-based shared decision-making in diagnostic imaging decisions is also raised.
Revealing the Rate-Limiting Li-Ion Diffusion Pathway in Ultrathick Electrodes for Li-Ion Batteries (2018)

Increasing the loading of active materials by thickening the battery electrode coating can enhance the energy density of a Li-ion cell, but the trade-off is the much reduced Li<sup>+</sup> transport kinetics. To reach the optimum energy and power density for thick electrodes, the effective chemical diffusion coefficient of Li<sup>+</sup> ( D<sub>Li</sub>) must be maximized. However, the diffusion of Li<sup>+</sup> inside an electrode is a complex process involving both microscopic and macroscopic processes. Fundamental understandings are needed on the rate-limiting process that governs the diffusion kinetics of Li<sup>+</sup> to minimize the negative impact of the large electrode thickness on their electrochemical performance. In this work, lithium Ni-Mn-Co oxide (NMC) cathodes of various thicknesses ranging from 100 to 300 μm were used as a model system to study the rate-limiting diffusion process during charge/discharge. The rate-limiting diffusion coefficient of Li<sup>+</sup> was investigated and quantified, which was correlated to the electrochemical performance degradation of thick electrodes. It is revealed here that the under-utilization of the active material was caused by the limited diffusion of Li<sup>+</sup> inside the porous electrode, leading to a critical electrode thickness, beyond which the specific capacity was significantly reduced.
Nonlinear Fresnel coefficients due to giant ultrafast nonlinearities in indium tin oxide (Conference Presentation) (2019)

We present measurements of nonlinear refraction and absorption in transparent conductive oxides (TCO), which are essentially highly-doped semiconductors, at Epsilon-Near-Zero (ENZ). In this spectral region, where the real part of the permittivity crosses zero, materials demonstrate interesting nonlinear properties such as enhanced harmonic generation, nonlinear absorption (NLA), and nonlinear refraction (NLR). We find that induced changes in the refractive index of Indium Tin Oxide, can be very large with respect to the initial index. This means that the even the Fresnel coefficients are highly irradiance-dependent. Therefore, the nonlinear transmission, reflection, and absorption of the material will be significantly different from conventional materials which means that it is challenging to use conventional methods such as Z-Scan and time-resolved transmission and reflection techniques to accurately determine the underlying nonlinear optical coefficients. We have studied optical nonlinearities of TCOs using the Beam-Deflection (BD) method to independently characterize the temporal dynamics and polarization dependence of the NLR. This method enables us to resolve NLR in the presence of large NLA backgrounds. In addition, we can also study the dependence on relative polarization and incidence angle of excitation and probe waves to characterize the enhancement mechanism and the physical origin of the nonlinear response. We conduct these BD measurements in conjunction with Z-Scan and transient reflection and transmission at different wavelengths, incidence angle, and polarization. Our measurements reveal that there is a strong wavelength dependence of nonlinearities around the ENZ point. We find that the wavelength dependence is quite different for excitation and probe waves.
LIGA Cavity Resonator for K-Band Applications (2006)

A 2-mm deep microwave cavity resonator is proposed for UGA micro-fabrication. LIGA provides highly vertical and optically smooth sidewalls, leading to potentially high quality (Q) factor. Simulation using 3-D finite element method (FEM) shows an unloaded Q (Q/sub u/) very close to the theoretical calculation. Feasibility of obtaining such cavities with hard X-ray lithography (XRL) is demonstrated.
A review of demand forecasting models and methodological developments within tourism and passenger transportation industry (2019)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature in the field of tourism demand forecasting. Design/methodology/approach Published papers in the high quality journals are studied and categorized based their used forecasting method. Findings There is no forecasting method which can develop the best forecasts for all of the problems. Combined forecasting methods are providing better forecasts in comparison to the traditional forecasting methods. Originality/value This paper reviews the available literature from 2007 to 2017. There is not such a review available in the literature.
An Undergraduate Laboratory: The Effect of Nanoparticle Self Assembly on the Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Nanocomposites (2006)

Recent research into the effect of nanoparticle organization on the electrical properties of nanocomposite films was used to create a hands-on laboratory for undergraduate education in nanomanufacturing. Students created two composites using solvent-based solution and polymer emulsion to show that a non-random microstructure can produce the required electrical conductivity with less added nanoparticles. Students evaluated the materials by 4-point probe and scanning electron microscopy.
A Study on the Performance Analysis of Pulse Repetition Frequency Jitter Compensation for Generating Doppler Profile (2020)

This paper proposes a method on the performance analysis of pulse repetition frequency jitter compensation for generating Doppler profile. Exact phase compensation of each pulse is required to obtain Doppler profiles under pulse repetition frequency jitter. Three parameters such as velocity, pulse repetition frequency, and carrier frequency are examined to cause errors when conducting the pulse repetition frequency jitter compensation, then assuming well-focused Doppler profiles reflect well-conducted pulse repetition frequency jitter compensation, the proposed method in this paper utilizes the contrast to measure how well Doppler profile is generated. These are validated by electromagnetic computation data and computer simulation. Then, it is concluded which parameter is important on the performance analysis of pulse repetition frequency jitter compensation by using the contrast.
Recommendations for the allergy management in the primary care (2014)

The majority of patients seeking medical advice for allergic diseases are first seen in a primary care setting. Correct diagnosis with identification of all offending allergens is an absolute prerequisite for appropriate management of allergic disease by the general practitioner. Allergy diagnostic tests recommended for use in primary care are critically reviewed in accordance with the significant workload in a primary care setting. Simplified pathways for recognition and diagnosis of allergic diseases are proposed, that should be further adapted to local (national) conditions.
Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfonamides from Thiols using Trichloroisocyanuric Acid (2007)

Abstract A convenient synthesis of sulfonamides from thiols is described. In situ preparation of sulfonyl chlorides from thiols is accomplished by oxidation with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA), benzyltrimethylammonium chloride and water (2.5 equiv). The sulfonyl chlorides are then further allowed to react with excess amine in the same reaction vessel. Triethylamine can be optionally added as acid scavenger.
New Applications of 1,5-Hydrogen Atom Transfer Reactions: Self-Oxidizing Protecting Groups (1992)

Three new alcohol protecting groups are introduced: o-bromobenzyl, o-bromo(methylenedioxy)benzyl, and o-bromotrityl. Removal of these protecting groups under reductive conditions with tributyltin hydride is coupled with an oxidation of the substrate to produce directly an aldehyde or ketone. This oxidation occurs by 1,5-hydrogen transfer, followed by ß-fragmentation. For example, treatment of the o-bromobenzyl ether of 3-phenyl-1-propanol with tibutyltin hydride at 0.001 M (80°C) directly produces 3-phenyl-1-propanal. An application to the selective oxidation of primary alcohols in the presence of secondary alcohols is also introduced.
Detecting mild cognitive impairment by quantifying oculometric features during variable cognitive workload: The novel rapid Oculo‐Cognitive Addition Test (2020)

Abstract Background The need exists for a device that can rapidly and accurately assess mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Because the link between oculometrics and cognition is well‐documented, the Oculo‐Cognitive Addition Test (OCAT) was developed which tracks users’ eye movements as they complete a simple mental addition test. Method OCAT consisted of 12 trials of summing three consecutive single‐digit numbers, shown separately on three consecutive screens (Figure 1). The first, second, and third screen in each trial corresponded to low, medium, and high cognitive workload. Using an infinity‐loop pattern of 24 symmetrical positions, eye movements were captured systematically in horizontal, vertical, and diagonal directions (Figure 2). MCI was simulated by exposing subjects to 5 minutes of hypoxic gas mixture (8% O 2 + balance N 2 ). 20 subjects completed OCAT in baseline (i.e. normal room air), hypoxic, and post‐baseline (i.e. 20 minutes of room air) conditions. Raw scan‐paths were collected with an eye‐tracking device. Oculometrics pertaining to fixations and saccades were extracted. Statistical significance was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. Effect size and clinical significance was evaluated using computed Cohen’s d. Result OCAT completion time significantly increased from baseline to hypoxia, which corresponded to a significant decrease in cerebral oxygenation from baseline to hypoxia (Figure 3). From baseline to hypoxia, saccadic latency significantly increased while saccadic velocity significantly decreased in the diagonal direction, however, results in the horizontal and vertical directions were not significant (Figure 4). Fixation time significantly increased from baseline to hypoxia in medium and high cognitive workload, but did not significantly change in low cognitive workload (Figure 5). From baseline to hypoxia, fixation size did not significantly change in any cognitive workload, however, the fluctuation in fixation size significantly increased in medium cognitive workload. From baseline to hypoxia, fixation area significantly increased in low and high cognitive workload, but did not significantly change in medium cognitive workload. Conclusion OCAT can detect subtle changes in oculometrics that correlate with MCI. This study provides rationale for providing varying degrees of cognitive load to elucidate subtle changes in oculometrics that may otherwise go undetected in neurocognitive tests that do not increase cognitive load.
Fighting Viral Infections and Virus-Driven Tumors with Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells (2017)

CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells have been and are still largely regarded as the orchestrators of immune responses, being able to differentiate into distinct T helper cell populations based on differentiation signals, transcription factor expression, cytokine secretion, and specific functions. Nonetheless, a growing body of evidence indicates that CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells can also exert a direct effector activity, which depends on intrinsic cytotoxic properties acquired and carried out along with the evolution of several pathogenic infections. The relevant role of CD4<sup>+</sup> T cell lytic features in the control of such infectious conditions also leads to their exploitation as a new immunotherapeutic approach. This review aims at summarizing currently available data about functional and therapeutic relevance of cytotoxic CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in the context of viral infections and virus-driven tumors.
Performance analysis of persistent scheduling for VoIP in WiMAX networks (2009)

WiMax networks based on Release 1.0 were known for efficient support of data traffic, but were considered inefficient for VoIP capacity, i.e. for supporting a large number of simultaneous VoIP users, due to large control overhead associated with VoIP. Persistent scheduling is a mechanism that was adopted in mobile WiMax Release 1.5 to reduce MAP (control) overhead for VoIP traffic and improve VoIP capacity. This paper presents a performance analysis of persistent scheduling in WiMax. Our simulation results show that persistent scheduling can increase VoIP capacity by 15%.
Improved apparatus for picosecond pump-and-probe optical measurements (1996)

We present an improved method for making pump-and-probe optical measurements in the picosecond to nanosecond time range. In this type of measurement, a pump light pulse is used to excite the sample and the resulting changes in the optical properties are investigated by means of a probe pulse that is time-delayed relative to the pump pulse. In most measurements of this type, a mechanical stage is used to introduce the variable time delay of the probe pulse. As a result of imperfections in the stage motion, alignment problems, and divergence of the probe beam, it has been difficult to make accurate measurements when the time delay of the probe relative to the pump is in the range above a few hundred picoseconds. To overcome these difficulties, we have developed an apparatus that utilizes a single-mode optical fiber. In order to demonstrate the performance of this system, we present results of experiments in which the flow of heat from a thin film into a substrate has been measured.
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Association of PI3 Kinase Signaling and Chemoresistance in Advanced Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 71KB, Efficiency of immunomagnetic separation.&lt;/p&gt;