gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study of Damage Detection on Typical Joints of Jackets Platform Based on Electro-Mechanical Impedance Technique (2021)

Many methods have been used in the past two decades to detect crack damage in steel joints of the offshore structures, but the electromechanical impedance (EMI) method is a comparatively recent non-destructive method that can be used for quality monitoring of the weld in structural steel joints. The EMI method ensures the direct assessment, analysis and particularly the recognition of structural dynamics by acquiring its EM admittance signatures. This research paper first briefly introduces the theoretical background of the EMI method, followed by carrying out the experimental work in which damage in the form of a crack is simulated by using an impedance analyser at different distances. The EMI technique is used to identify the existence of damage in the welded steel joints of offshore steel jacket structures, and Q345B steel was chosen as the material for test in the present study. Sub-millimetre cracks were found in four typical welded steel joints on the jacket platform under circulating loads, and root average variance was used to assess the extent of the crack damage.
Electrical Control of Plasmon Resonance of Gold Nanoparticles Using Electrochemical Oxidation (2009)

A large shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectrum of gold nanoparticles was attained by electrochemical oxidation of the nanoparticle surface. This oxidation occurred in the cell, which consisted of a pair of indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and water medium between the electrodes. On one side of the ITO electrode, the gold nanoparticles were adsorbed. With the application of a voltage of 5 V to the cell, a spectrum shift as large as 68 nm was obtained. Though the spectrum shift has already been observed by changing liquid crystal (LC) orientation surrounding gold nanoparticles, the size of the shift was not large (11 nm). That was because the variation of the effective refractive index of LC was rather small. Our large shift due to electrochemical oxidation resulted from the large refractive index of Au−O. The electrochemical oxidation was confirmed by XPS analysis of the gold nanoparticles with the LSPR spectrum shift. Other possible mechanisms of the shift such as charge localization, aggregation, and adsorption of charged materials proved to have no effect via SEM measurement and so on. This large shift of the resonance spectrum can be expected to lead to further development of spatial light modulators for next-generation optical communications and displays.
A mutation in Hnrnph1 that decreases methamphetamine-induced reinforcement, reward, and dopamine release and increases synaptosomal hnRNP H and mitochondrial proteins (2019)

ABSTRACT Individual variation in the addiction liability of amphetamines has a heritable genetic component. We previously identified Hnrnph1 (heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1) as a quantitative trait gene underlying decreased methamphetamine-induced locomotor activity in mice. Here, mice (both male and female) with a heterozygous mutation in the first coding exon of Hnrnph1 (H1+/-) showed reduced methamphetamine reinforcement and intake and dose-dependent changes in methamphetamine reward as measured via conditioned place preference. Furthermore, H1+/- mice showed a robust decrease in methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens with no change in baseline extracellular dopamine, striatal whole tissue dopamine, dopamine transporter protein, or dopamine uptake. Immunohistochemical and immunoblot staining of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and their forebrain projections for tyrosine hydroxylase did not reveal any major changes in staining intensity, cell number, or in the number of forebrain puncta. Surprisingly, there was a two-fold increase in hnRNP H protein in the striatal synaptosome of H1+/- mice with no change in whole tissue levels. To gain insight into the molecular mechanisms linking increased synaptic hnRNP H with decreased methamphetamine-induced dopamine release and behaviors, synaptosomal proteomic analysis identified an increased baseline abundance of several mitochondrial complex I and V proteins that rapidly decreased at 30 min post-methamphetamine administration in H1+/- mice. In contrast, the much lower level of basal synaptosomal mitochondrial proteins in wild-type mice showed a rapid increase in response to methamphetamine. We conclude that H1+/- decreases methamphetamine–induced dopamine release, reward, and reinforcement and induces dynamic changes in basal and methamphetamine-induced synaptic mitochondrial function. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Methamphetamine dependence is a significant public health concern with no FDA-approved treatment. We discovered a role for the RNA binding protein hnRNP H in methamphetamine reward and reinforcement. Hnrnph1 mutation also blunted methamphetamine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens – a key neurochemical event contributing to methamphetamine addiction liability. Finally, Hnrnph1 mutants showed a marked increase in basal level of synaptosomal hnRNP H and mitochondrial proteins that decreased in response to methamphetamine whereas wild-type mice showed a methamphetamine-induced increase in synaptosomal mitochondrial proteins. Thus, we identified a potential role for hnRNP H in basal and dynamic mitochondrial function that informs methamphetamine-induced cellular adaptations associated with reduced addiction liability.
Genome-wide association meta-analysis of fish and EPA+DHA consumption in 17 US and European cohorts (2017)

These novel findings suggest that non-genetic personal and environmental factors are principal determinants of the remarkable variation in fish consumption, representing modifiable targets for increasing intakes among all individuals. Genes underlying the signal at rs72838923 and mechanisms for the association warrant further investigation.
Friction force of negative pressure sliders for proximity recording (1997)

We investigated the friction force between the trailing edge of the center pad or rail of negative pressure sliders and the textured disk surface as a function of flying height at reduced air pressure. In addition, we proposed the simple contact model and compared experimental friction force with calculated contact force to evaluate the influence of slider design parameters on the contact force. Results show that the contact force is significantly influenced by the pitch air-bearing stiffness, the distance between the pivot point and the contact point, and the interference pitch angle defined as the difference between the flying pitch angle on the smooth glass disk and the contact pitch angle on the textured disk.
Parallel Synthesis and Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) Modeling of Aminoglycoside-Derived Lipopolymers for Transgene Expression (2015)

We describe the parallel synthesis of lipopolymers generated by conjugating alkanoyl chlorides to polymers derived from aminoglycoside antibiotic monomers as novel vehicles for transgene delivery and expression in mammalian cells. Parallel screening of lipopolymers led to the identification of six leads that demonstrated higher transgene expression efficacies in several cancer cells, when compared to the parental polymers as well as 25 kDa poly(ethylene imine), a current standard for polymer-mediated transgene expression. Quantitiative structure-activity relationship (QSAR)-based cheminformatics modeling was employed in order to investigate the role of lipopolymer physicochemical properties (molecular descriptors) on transgene expression efficacy. The predictive ability of the QSAR model, investgated using lipopolymers not employed for training the model, demonstrated excellent agreement with experimentally observed transgene expression. Our findings indicate that lipid substitution on aminoglycoside-derived polymers results in high levels of transgene expression compared to unsubstituted polymers. Taken together, these materials show significant promise in nonviral transgene delivery with several applications in biotechnology and medicine.
Synthesis, Anticonvulsant Activity, and Structure−Activity Relationships of Sodium Channel Blocking 3-Aminopyrroles (1998)

Starting from the corresponding acetophenone and glycine derivatives, a series of new 3-aminopyrroles was synthesized in few steps. Using this procedure with hydrazine and hydroxylamine instead of the glycinates provides access to 3-aminopyrazoles and 5-amino 1,2-oxazoles. The various derivatives were tested for anticonvulsant activity in a variety of test models. Several compounds exhibit considerable activity with a remarkable lack of neurotoxicity. 4-(4-Bromophenyl)-3-morpholinopyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 3, proved to be the most active compound. It was protective in the maximal electroshock seizure (MES) test in rats with an oral ED50 of 2.5 mg/kg with no neurotoxicity noted at doses up to 500 mg/kg. Compound 3 blocks sodium channels in a frequency-dependent manner. The essential structural features which could be responsible for an interaction with an active site of the voltage-dependent sodium channel are established within a suggested pharmacophore model.
The inevitability of Xen (2005)

Xen is a virtual machine monitor (VMM) that we have developed at the University of Cambridge over the past 5 years. As a VMM, Xen allows a single physical computer to be partitioned into a set of isolated virtual computers, each running their own operating system and applications. Xen has received a fair bit of attention recently and we have even spun out a company to support the commercial use of the software. This article isn’t just about our VMM though. Xen is the core part of a much larger vision for public computing that has been behind a lot of our research in the 21st century. In this article, we articulate this vision, and the motivation behind Xen, and cover the details of the current VMM, the context in which it was conceived, and the future uses that we anticipate. 1 Xen: Master and Servant Xen is the crucial component of the Xenoserver world of public computing. The Internet provides connectivity between all the networks in the world, and the Web provides glue between all of the information resources connected to these networks. In both of those contexts, there is mutual benefit to participants: Sometimes referred to as Metcalfe’s Law, the value of N nodes joining in a network is ¢¤ £ , which usually offsets the risks, added security costs, denial of service and so forth, associated with being connected to a global and largely unregulated network. There are already a great deal of resources attached to these networks, and an interest in building services (online games, file sharing, Internet telephony, and even the search for extra-terrestrial life) that are built by combining distributed resources together. However, if we want equipment owners to share their computational resources, the benefit is often less obvious and the risks are certainly greater — it’s a big bad world out there full of worms, viruses, and ill-willed teenagers. To offset the risks, we must provide one service on each host: isolation. If a user is to, for instance, offer CPU resources she must be assured there is no negative impact on her normal applications. In
Third Order Transfer .Matrices for the Fringing Fields of an Electrostatic Hexapole Lens (1971)

The ion optical trajectories in the entrance and exit fringing fields of an electrostatic hexapole lens are calculated in a third order approximation. The potential distribution in a vicinity of the boundary is assumed to be a function which changes gradually along the center line but keeps the symmetrical and anti-symmetrical natures similar to the ideal hexapole lens. The influence of the extended. fringing field is reduced to a small bend and shift of the ion trajectory for the ideal field with a sharp cutoff boundary. The results of calculation are described in a transfer matrix representation.
Phenapth and napthphen derivatives as PET imaging agents for Alzheimer's disease (2008)

An analytical method for thuringiensin using adenosine monophosphate (AMP) as an internal standard is established. AMP, with high stability and availability, is an appropriate internal standard for thuringiensin quantitative analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography and ultraviolet absorbance detection at 260 nm. A good correlation between the concentration of thuringiensin and the peak-area ratios of thuringiensin to AMP is demonstrated. From this general equation of linear regression line, the concentration of thuringiensin can be assessed in fermentation broth or semi-purified product.
Effects of dislocation substructure on strength and toughness in polycrystalline NiAI processed via low-temperature hydrostatic extrusion (1998)

Abstract The effects of changes in the dislocation substructure on the strength and toughness of stoichiometric polycrystalline NiAI have been determined. The dislocation substructure was introduced via thermomechanical processing by hydrostatic extrusion of polycrystalline NiAI at 573 K that was previously cast and conventionally extruded at high temperature (1173K). Recent texture analyses revealed that the beneficial stress state imposed by hydrostatic extrusion near the ductile-to-brittle transition of NiAI produced a change in texture from the starting material, while complementary transmission electron microscopy and optical metallography revealed that recrystallization did not occur during or after such low-temperature deformation processing. The dislocation substructure retained after hydrostatic extrusion provided an increase in both the compressive strength and the fracture toughness, accompanied by R-curve behaviour and a dramatic change in the fracture morphology from that exhibited by the starting material. Subsequent hot microhardness experiments and high-temperature annealing studies revealed that removal of the dislocation substructure in the NiAI hydrostatically extruded at 573 K occurred after exposure to 973 K, accompanied by a reduction in both the strength and the toughness to values similar to those obtained on polycrystalline NiAI that was cast and conventionally extruded at high (i.e. 1173K) temperature.
Multicenter Comparison of Different Real-Time PCR Assays for Quantitative Detection of Epstein-Barr Virus (2007)

Quantification of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in peripheral blood is important for the diagnosis and management of serious EBV diseases, including posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. A variety of PCR-based methods are currently in use; however, there is little information on their comparability. This study assessed the relative performance of different quantitative assays. A multicenter comparative study was performed at eight sites using three panels consisting of serial dilutions of quantified EBV DNA and extracts from a total of 19 whole-blood specimens. Samples were distributed and tested blindly. Instrumentation, probe chemistries, amplification targets, and other test-related aspects varied considerably between laboratories. Each laboratory's calibration curve indicated strong evidence of a consistent log-linear relationship between viral load and cycle threshold, suggesting that intralaboratory tracking of a given patient would yield similar relative quantitative trends among the participating test sites. There was strong concordance among laboratories with respect to qualitative test results; however, marked quantitative discordance was seen. For most samples, the across-laboratory interquartile range of the reported viral load (in copies/microl) was roughly 0.6 log-units, and for one sample the overall range was approximately 4.2 log-units. While intralaboratory tracking of patients may yield similar results, these data indicate a need for caution when attempting to compare clinical results obtained at different institutions and suggest the potential value to be gained by more standardized testing methodology.
Transient Solidlike Behavior near the Cylinder/Disorder Transition in Block Copolymer Solutions (2006)

A nearly symmetric polystyrene-block-polyisoprene diblock copolymer dissolved at a concentration of 40% in styrene-selective solvents exhibited a cylinder-to-disorder transition upon heating. The solvents used were diethyl phthalate (DEP) and 75:25 and 50:50 mixtures of DEP with di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP). In DEP, the most styrene-selective of the three solvents, rheological measurements indicated a distinct plateau in the temperature-dependent elastic modulus across the 8 degrees C interval above the order-disorder transition temperature, T(ODT) = 116 degrees C. Previous small-angle neutron scattering measurements in this regime indicated the equilibrium phase to be a liquidlike solution of approximately spherical micelles. An isothermal frequency sweep in this regime indicated a very long relaxation time. Annealing eventually led to the recovery of liquidlike rheological response, over a time scale of hours. Qualitatively similar phenomena were also observed in 75:25 DEP/DBP and 50:50 DEP/DBP solutions, except the fact that the temperature window of the transient response is narrow and the time scale for the recovery diminishes significantly. Neither small-angle X-ray scattering nor static birefringence gave any clear signature of the transient structure. The structure that leads to the transient rheological response is attributed to micellar congestion due to the slow relaxation of anisotropic micelles into an equilibrium distribution of micelles. Possible origins of the remarkable solvent selectivity dependence are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOISOMERIZATION AND RELAXATION OF SYMMETRICAL TRIAZACARBOCYANINE DYES IN AN ALCOHOL MIXTURE (1985)

Abstract Zwischen l l0 und 250 K zeigen Lösungen der Titelverbindungen wie z.B. (I), (III) oder (IV) in einem 90:5 z5‐Gemisch der Alkohole SOH eine teilweise nur geringe hypsochrome Bandenverschiebung und deutliche lntensitätsänderungen der Einzelbanden (Aktivierungsenergien 35‐65 kJ/mol), die von einer thermischen Relaxationsreaktion gefolgt wird, die mit Ausnahme von (IVa) erster Ordnung ist.
Point Representation for Local Optimization: Towards Multi-Dimensional Gray Codes (2013)

Abstract — In the context of stochastic search, once regions of high performance are found, having the property that small changes in the candidate solution correspond to searching nearby neighborhoods provides the ability to perform effective local optimization. To achieve this, Gray Codes are often employed for encoding ordinal points or discretized real numbers. In this paper, we present a method to label similar and/or close points within arbitrary graphs with small Hamming distances. The resultant point labels can be viewed as an approximate highdimensional variant of Gray Codes. The labeling procedure is useful for any task in which the solution requires the search algorithm to select a small subset of items out of many. A large number of empirical results using these encodings with a combination of genetic algorithms and hill-climbing are presented.
Influence of the polymer concentration on the electroluminescence of ZnO nanorod/polymer hybrid light emitting diodes (2012)

The effects of the polymer concentration on the performance of hybrid light emitting diodes (LEDs) based on zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) and poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) were investigated. Various characterization techniques were applied to study the performance of the PFO/ZnO NR hybrid LEDs fabricated with various PFO concentrations. The fabricated hybrid LEDs demonstrated stable rectifying diode behavior, and it was observed that the turn-on voltage of the LEDs is concentration dependent. The measured room temperature electroluminescence (EL) showed that the PFO concentration plays a critical role in the emission spectra of the hybrid LEDs. At lower PFO concentrations of 2-6 mg/ml, the EL spectra are dominated by blue emission. However, by increasing the concentration to more than 8 mg/ml, the blue emission was completely suppressed while the green emission was dominant. This EL behavior was explained by a double trap system of excitons that were trapped in the β-phase and/or in the fluorenone defects in the PFO side. The effects of current injection on the hybrid LEDs and on the EL emission were also investigated. Under a high injection current, a new blue peak was observed in the EL spectrum, which was correlated to the creation of a new chemical species on the PFO chain. The green emission peak was also enhanced with increasing injection current because of the fluorenone defects. These results indicate that the emission spectra of the hybrid LEDs can be tuned by using different polymer concentrations and by varying the current injected into the device.
Identification and Characterization of JAK2 Pseudokinase Domain Small Molecule Binders (2017)

Janus kinases (JAKs) regulate hematopoiesis via the cytokine-mediated JAK-STAT signaling pathway. JAKs contain tandem C-terminal pseudokinase (JH2) and tyrosine kinase (JH1) domains. The JAK2 pseudokinase domain adopts a protein kinase fold and, despite its pseudokinase designation, binds ATP with micromolar affinity. Recent evidence shows that displacing ATP from the JAK2 JH2 domain alters the hyperactivation state of the oncogenic JAK2 V617F protein while sparing the wild type JAK2 protein. In this study, small molecule binders of JAK2 JH2 were identified via an in vitro screen. Top hits were characterized using biophysical and structural approaches. Development of pseudokinase-selective compounds may offer novel pharmacological opportunities for treating cancers driven by JAK2 V617F and other oncogenic JAK mutants.
Antinociceptive effects of NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists in the tail flick test in mice (1997)

Inhibition of spinal glutamate receptors induces antinociceptive effects in numerous animal models of pain. The present study compares the effects of intrathecally administered N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists on nociceptive responses in the tail flick test. Potency of antagonists at NMDA and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors was first measured by electrical assays in Xenopus oocytes expressing rat cerebral cortex poly(A)+ RNA. Subsequently, Swiss Webster mice were injected intrathecally with the antagonists and tested for antinociception. The drugs tested were: NBQX and GYKI-52466, selective AMPA receptor antagonists, ketamine, MK-801, R(+) HA-966 and ACEA-0762, selective NMDA receptor antagonists, and ACEA-1031, ACEA-1328 and ACEA-0593, NMDA receptor antagonists that also show inhibition of non-NMDA receptors. Selective NMDA receptor antagonists induced essentially no antinociceptive effects in the tail flick test. Antinociceptive activity generally correlated with inhibition of AMPA receptors. The exception was the non-competitive AMPA receptor antagonist GYKI-52466, which was unexpectedly weak. This may be due to inadequate dosing, because the compound has limited solubility, or may be due to differences in the non-NMDA receptor subtype-selectivity profile of GYKI-52466 as compared to competitive antagonists such as NBQX. Overall, our results suggest that inhibition of spinal non-NMDA receptors is the primary, and necessary, mechanism of antinociception by these drugs in the tail flick test in mice.
Granulocytes in Human Disease (1974)

The neutrophilic granulocyte develops from a committed hemopoietic stem cell under hormonal and microenvironmental influences. By the promyelocyte stage it begins to develop its arsenal of lysosomal enzymes and soon thereafter develops its phagocytic capabilities. These two features—phagocytosis and lysosomal enzymes—are critical in supporting the neutrophil's defense function and play a key role in many inflammatory reactions. Abnormalities of granulocyte production, morphogenesis, or function occur in a wide variety of human disorders. The discussions that follow review the physiology and function of the normal cell and the aberrations that occur in granulocytic diseases.