gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Load Switching Group based Feeder-level Microgrid Energy Management Algorithm for Service Restoration in Power Distribution System (2020)

This paper presents a load switching group based energy management system (LSG-EMS) for operating microgrids on a distribution feeder powered by one or multiple grid-forming distributed energy resources. Loads on a distribution feeder are divided into load switching groups that can be remotely switched on and off. The LSG-EMS algorithm, formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem, has an objective function of maximizing the served loads while minimizing the total number of switching actions. A new set of topology constraints are developed for allowing multiple microgrids to be formed on the feeder and selecting the optimal supply path. Customer comfort is accounted for by maximizing the supply duration in the customer preferred service period and enforcing a minimum service duration. The proposed method is demonstrated on a modified IEEE 33-bus system using actual customer data. Simulation results show that the LSG-EMS successfully coordinates multiple grid-forming sources by selecting an optimal supply topology that maximizes the supply period of both the critical and noncritical loads while minimizing customer service interruptions in the service restoration process.
Analysis of Transition Shape and Adjacent Track Aging for 1&lt;tex&gt;$hboxTb/in^2$&lt;/tex&gt;Write Head Designs (2004)

This paper analyzes the write field profiles for perpendicular head designs that have been proposed for reaching 1 Tb/in/sup 2/. Designs considered include side shielded poles and high anisotropy poles. A vector Stoner-Wohlfarth writing criteria is used to find the maximum medium anisotropy each head can write on, subject to the constraints that transition curvature and transition jitter do not exceed the bit cell length. Vector fields are also used to assess thermal switching on adjacent tracks. For optimal writing consistent with these assumptions, the number of grains under the read head is 5 for the shielded design (H/sub k/=1380 kA/m) with a 20 nm thick medium and a stability coefficient of 40, and is 3.6-4 (H/sub k/=930 kA/m) for the high anisotropy designs. The improved downtrack gradient of the shielded design accounts for much of this difference, and suggests that a downtrack shield may improve the high anisotropy design. In all cases, transition curvature suggests the read head width will be limited to around 30% of the track pitch, which is substantially less than current values.
Modeling of Aperiodic Fractal Waveguide Structures for Multifrequency Light Transport (2007)

In this paper, we present the design of a novel waveguide structure capable of multifrequency transmission bands with strongly enhanced electric field states. The concept of the structure is based on aperiodic and quasi-periodic fractal ordering of scattering subunits combined within a traditional channel-waveguide scheme. The resulting 3-D fractal waveguides are characterized by complex transmission spectra and sustain quasi-localized field modes with strong enhancement effects due to the lack of translational symmetry. In this paper, we will describe how it is possible to accurately model these complex waveguide structures within a simple 1-D model. We will explore the formation of photonic band gaps and the character of the quasi-localized states in fractal waveguide structures generated according to different deterministic rules, such as Fibonacci, Thue-Morse, and Rudin-Shapiro sequences. Furthermore, we will qualitatively compare the characteristics of the optical gaps and field states in periodic, fractal, and aperiodic waveguides. The results of our comparative study will show that fractal waveguides based on aperiodic order exhibit the richest transmission spectra with field-enhancement effects occurring at multiple frequencies. The proposed fractal waveguide design can provide an attractive route toward the fabrication of optically active devices for multiwavelength operation.
An Automatic Design Tool for Fluid Elastomer Actuators (2020)

Soft robotic actuators are a very promising tech- nology to enable use of robotic manipulators in scenarios that are inaccessible to traditional robots. However, their design and fabrication is a laborious process, especially for users with little knowledge of CAD software and 3D printing. The skills and time necessary for making the moulds used to create such actuators, leaves the process open for human errors and design variations, making accurate and repeatable experimental testing difficult to achieve. To reach a better understanding of this new technology, extensive and detailed experimental work should be undertaken, but this is currently hindered by the time-consuming design process. The design software presented in this paper provides the soft robotic community with a user-friendly design tool for generating 3D printed moulds that the users can customise to their needs. The tool aims to simplify the design process for soft robotics and to also make this technology accessible to users without extensive engineering background.
Sputtering yield measurements during low energy xenon plasma bombardment (2003)

The sputtering yields of molybdenum, titanium, beryllium, and carbon have been measured during xenon ion bombardment from a plasma in the energy range between 10 and 200 eV. The erosion rates of Mo, Be, and C are measured both spectroscopically in the plasma and using the standard weight loss technique. Spectroscopic measurements of Ti sputtering yields, where no atomic physics data is available, are normalized to the weight loss measurements. The erosion rates of the metals decrease with the reduced mass of the metal–xenon combination and decrease with the increasing metal’s binding energy, as expected. The erosion results for bombardment of graphite indicate that the sputtering rate of carbon, as atoms, from the surface is insufficient to explain the total carbon weight loss measured. The multiple mechanisms for carbon erosion during plasma bombardment are discussed and the sputter rates of carbon atoms and carbon dimers are presented.
Efficient Resource Allocation Schemes for Search. (2008)

To my late grandfather, Yehuda Borenstein, a meister who taught me to believe ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This work has seen support from many individuals, and I would like to use this opportunity to name a few. To begin with, I would like to thank Professor Jeff Fessler. He convinced me to join the University of Michigan and start this journey under his wings. I have enjoyed Professor Fessler’s knowledge, inspiration, guidance, mentorship, and above all friendship and kind words in times of need. Also, I am in great debt to Professor Hero for his support and help throughout the majority of this research. Working with Professor Hero is both a challenging and a rewarding experience. I admire his patience with his students, vast knowledge, and imagination. This work has benefited from numerous discussions with the rest of my committee members. I would like to thank Professor Teneketzis, Professor Keener, and Professor Wakin for their support, input, and helpful comments. At the same time I wish to thank Raviv Raich with whom I worked closely on a major section of my thesis. One of the best things that happened to me at Michigan is the exposure to a group of exceptional individuals whom I was lucky to have as colleagues in both Professors Fessler and Hero research groups. Specifically, I would like to thank Dan Ruan who was always there when a tough problem was waiting to be solved. Also, I’d like
THz tomography in transmission and reflection (2009)

A THz-system which can measure ultrashort THz-pulses simultaneously in transmission and in reflection under 0deg and off-axis under 15deg is presented. By combining the time resolved analysis of the three measurement directions, a high amount of information of the inner sample structure can be obtained. For first analysis concepts the main pulse amplitude and spectral information of transmittance measurements were evaluated.
Graph-based verification of static program constraints (2010)

Software artifacts usually have static program constraints and these constraints should be satisfied in each reuse. In addition to this, the developers are also required to satisfy the coding conventions used by their organization. Because in a complex software system there are too many coding conventions and program constraints to be satisfied, it becomes a cumbersome task to check them all manually. This paper presents a process and tools that allow computer-aided program constraint checking that work on the source code.
Remote measurement of temperature distribution using an optical fibre (1982)

A new fibre sensor which measures temperature-distribution is proposed. The sensor uses optical-time-domain reflectometry to determine temperature-induced changes in the levels of the backscatter signal. Experiments using liquid-core fibres have demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.018 dBk over distances of more than 100m. The proposed sensor is able to monitor the temperature of over 100 points simultaneously. Solid core fibres have also been used; they exhibit a wide temperature range, but somewhat reduced sensitivity.
Absence time and user engagement (2013)

In the online industry, user engagement is measured with various engagement metrics used to assess users' depth of engagement with a website. Widely-used metrics include clickthrough rates, page views and dwell time. Relying solely on these metrics can lead to contradictory if not erroneous conclusions regarding user engagement. In this paper, we propose the time between two user visits, or the absence time, to measure user engagement. Our assumption is that if users find a website interesting, engaging or useful, they will return to it sooner -a reflection of their engagement with the site -than if this is not the case. This assumption has the advantage of being simple and intuitive and applicable to a large number of settings. As a case study, we use a community Q&A website, and compare the behaviour of users exposed to six functions used to rank past answers, both in terms of traditional metrics and absence time. We use Survival Analysis to show the relation between absence time and other engagement metrics. We demonstrate that the absence time leads to coherent, interpretable results and helps to better understand other metrics commonly used to evaluate user engagement in search.
The design of aircraft brake systems, employing cooling to increase brake life (1975)

A research program was initiated to determine the feasibility of using cooling to increase brake life. An air cooling scheme was proposed, constructed and tested with various designs. Straight and curved slotting of the friction material was tested. A water cooling technique, similar to the air cooling procedure, was evaluated on a curved slotted rotor. Also investigated was the possibility of using a phase-change material within the rotor to absorb heat during braking. Various phase-changing materials were tabulated and a 50%, (by weight) LiF - BeF2 mixing was chosen. It was shown that corrosion was not a problem with this mixture. A preliminary design was evaluated on an actual brake. Results showed that significant improvements in lowering the surface temperature of the brake occurred when air or water cooling was used in conjunction with curved slotted rotors.
VORTEX: Design and Implementation of an Interactive Volumetric Display (2011)

True 3D display systems like volumetric displays allow generation of autostereoscopic, multi-view 3D content that has real physical dimensions. However their uptake as a research tool within the HCI community is limited largely due to difficulties in buying or building such displays. The choice of commercially available systems is limited and constrains the flexibility of their use in terms of interaction capabilities, display features and integration with multi-display environments (MDEs). In this paper we describe the steps involved in creating custom volumetric display from easily available components. By building a touch-enabled volumetric display we walk-through the steps involved in the process. This will enable us to explore various interactive systems, associated techniques and challenges related to integration of the device into a MDE.
Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor Gene and Stress Fractures (2009)

Our aim was to evaluate the association between VDR polymorphisms and calcaneal Stiffness Index (SI) with stress fractures in a case control study including male military personnel. Thirty- two patients with stress fractures were matched with 32 uninjured healthy volunteers (controls), by gender, age, height, body weight, and level of physical activity. The two groups were genotyped for the FokI, BsmI, ApaI, and TaqI polymorphisms of the VDR gene with PCR-RFLP method. In addition, calcaneal SI was measured by heel quantitative ultrasound in both groups. Data were analyzed by chi-squared test and logistic regression analysis. The f allele was significantly more frequent in patients than in controls (p=0.013), while the B allele showed such a tendency without reaching statistical significance (p=0.052). Among the entire cohort, a 2.7-fold and a 2.0-fold increase in risk of stress fractures was associated with the f and B alleles (OR, 2.7, 95% CI, 1.2-5.9; p=0.014 and OR, 2.0, 95% CI, 1.0-4.1; p=0.053, respectively). No statistically significant association was found between the incidence of stress fractures and t or a alleles. Decreased T-scores were also associated with the presence of f and B alleles. Mean values of T-scores of SI were statistically significantly lower in patients than in controls (p=0.018). These results suggest that the FokI and BsmI polymorphisms of the VDR gene could be associated with increased risk of stress fractures among military personnel. Moreover, a low calcaneal SI could represent a measurable index of this increased risk.
Spin-transfer switching current distribution and reduction in magnetic tunneling junction-based structures (2005)

Spin transfer switching current distribution within a cell and switching current reduction were studied at room temperature for magnetic tunnel junction-based structures with resistance area product (RA) ranged from 10 to 30 /spl Omega/-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ and TMR of 15%-30%. These were patterned into current perpendicular to plane configured nanopillars having elliptical cross sections of area /spl sim/0.02 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. The width of the critical current distribution (sigma/average of distribution), measured using 30 ms current pulse, was found to be 3% for cells with thermal factor (KuV/k/sub B/T) of 65. An analytical expression for probability density function p(I/I/sub c0/) was derived considering a thermally activated spin transfer model, which supports the experimental observation that the thermal factor is the most significant parameter in determining the within-cell critical current distribution. Spin-transfer switching current reduction was investigated through enhancing effective spin polarization factor /spl eta//sub eff/ in magnetic tunnel junction-based dual spin filter (DSF) structures. The intrinsic switching current density (J/sub c0/) was estimated by extrapolating experimental data of critical current density (J/sub c/) versus pulse width (/spl tau/), to a pulse width of 1 ns. A reduction in intrinsic switching current density for a dual spin filter (DSF: Ta/PtMn/CoFe/Ru/CoFeB/Al2O3/CoFeB/spacer/CoFe/PtMn/Ta) was observed compared to single magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ: Ta/PtMn/CoFe/Ru/CoFeB/Al2O3/CoFeB/Ta). J/sub c/ at /spl tau/ of 1 ns (/spl sim/J/sub c0/) for the MTJ and DSF samples were 7/spl times/10/sup 6/ and 2.2/spl times/10/sup 6/ A/cm/sup 2/, respectively, for identical free layers. Thus, a significant enhancement of the spin transfer switching efficiency is seen for DSF structure compared to the single MTJ case.
Effect of Nitrogen on Transformation Temperatures of Arc-Melted Ti-Ni Shape Memory Alloys. (1999)

Effects of nitrogen on microstructure and phase transformation temperatures were investigated for near-equiatomic Ti-Ni shape memory alloys arc-melted in Ar-N2 atmospheres. The nitrogen content in the arc-melted specimens increased with increasing melting time and rising nitrogen partial pressure in atmosphere (arc current 150A, arc voltage 12V, specimen weight 12 g and melting time 0-480 s). With increasing nitrogen content, the amount of second phase observed in arc-melted specimen increased. The second phase was identified as TiN by an electron probe microanalysis and an X-ray diffraction analysis. Both Ms and Af temperatures decreased with increasing nitrogen content of arc-melted specimen. The temperatures of Ms and Af were described by functions of nickel and nitrogen contents.
Wideband nonlinear time reversal seismo-acoustic method for landmine detection (2009)

Acoustic and seismic waves provide a method to localize compliant mines by vibrating the top plate and a thin soil layer above the mine. This vibration is mostly linear, but also includes a small nonlinear deviation. The main goal of this paper is to introduce a method of processing that uses phase-inversion to observe nonlinear effects in a wide frequency band. The method extracts a nonlinear part of surface velocity from two similar broadcast signals of opposite sign by summing and cancelling the linear components and leaving the nonlinear components. This phase-inversion method is combined with time reversal focusing to provide increased seismic vibration and enhance the nonlinear effect. The experiments used six loudspeakers in a wood box placed over sand in which inert landmines were buried. The nonlinear surface velocity of the sand with a mine compared to the sand without a mine was greater as compared to a linear technique.
Supplementary methods, results, suppl figure legends from Cyst Fluid Telomerase Activity Predicts the Histologic Grade of Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Further description of telomerase assay, information about cyst fluid storage, supplementary figure legends&lt;/p&gt;
Physico-Chemical Evaluation of Rationally Designed Melanins as Novel Nature-Inspired Radioprotectors (2009)

We propose that due to melanin's numerous aromatic oligomers containing multiple pi-electron system, a generated Compton recoil electron gradually loses energy while passing through the pigment, until its energy is sufficiently low that it can be trapped by stable free radicals present in the pigment. Controlled dissipation of high-energy recoil electrons by melanin prevents secondary ionizations and the generation of damaging free radical species.
A Multi-Agent Learning Approach to Online Distributed Resource Allocation (2009)

Resource allocation in computing clusters is traditionally centralized, which limits the cluster scale. Effective resource allocation in a network of computing clusters may enable building larger computing infrastructures. We consider this problem as a novel application for multiagent learning (MAL). We propose a MAL algorithm and apply it for optimizing online resource allocation in cluster networks. The learning is distributed to each cluster, using local information only and without access to the global system reward. Experimental results are encouraging: our multiagent learning approach performs reasonably well, compared to an optimal solution, and better than a centralized myopic allocation approach in some cases. 1
Expression of Wild-Type p53 and Bcl-2 Family Genes Oscillates with Recurrent Remission and Relapse in an Unusual Case of Low-Grade Lymphoma (2000)

Downregulation of apoptosis has been proposed as a mechanism of clonal expansion in low-grade B cell neoplasms. We have previously described an unusual case of CD5+ B cell lymphoma characterized by cycles of leukemic phase alternating with spontaneous remission. In the present study, we examined the involvement of apoptosis-related proteins in the progression of this cyclic lymphoma ex vivo. During the leukemic phases, the clonal cells were activated blasts expressing elevated levels of wild-type (wt) p53, Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L), and Bax, while Bak expression increased during the decline of lymphocytosis. Bax heterodimerized with Bcl-2 but not with Bcl-x(L). The anti-apoptotic Bcl-2/Bax heterodimers peaked during early leukemic phases and declined during regression. The elevation in Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L) and Bax expression during early leukemic phases seems to result from cell activation since a similar increase was induced by activating the remission phase leukemic cells in culture. The data suggest that wt p53, Bcl-x(L), and Bcl-2/Bax heterodimers support the accumulation of activated leukemic cells during the leukemic phases, while Bax and Bak may be involved in their decline during regression.
First observation and measurement of the branching fraction for the decay B s 0  → D s ∗ ∓ K ± (2015)

The first observation of the B 0 s D * s K decay is reported using 3.0 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment. The D * s mesons are reconstructed through the decay chain
Draft Genome Sequence of the Actinomycete Rhodococcus sp. Strain AW25M09, Isolated from the Hadsel Fjord, Northern Norway (2013)

The cold-adapted Rhodococcus sp. strain AW25M09 was isolated from an Atlantic hagfish caught off the shore of northern Norway as part of an ongoing bioprospecting project that aims to identify novel bacteria with biotechnological potential. Here, we present the 5.8-Mb draft genome sequence, together with details regarding the origin of the strain and its sequence assembly.
Sex differences in risk factors for future onset of reflux esophagitis (2021)

Reflux esophagitis is known to be more prevalent in males, and previous studies have suggested sex differences in its risk factors. However, little is known about sex differences in the time-course of risk factors before reflux esophagitis onset. Thus, we conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using health checkup records. From the records of 230,056 individuals obtained from nine institutes in Japan, we selected 1,558 male reflux esophagitis cases, 3,116 male controls, 508 female reflux esophagitis cases, and 1,016 female controls were selected. We compared time-courses of risk factors between the case and control groups and identified abdominal circumference (AC), diastolic blood pressure, alanine transaminase (ALT), and current smoking in males and body mass index (BMI) in females as sex-specific risk factors. We also found that AC and ALT in males and BMI in females were significantly different between the reflux esophagitis case and control groups during the five years before reflux esophagitis onset. Our results suggest that visceral fat-type obesity and fatty liver in males and higher BMI in females are more frequently observed in reflux esophagitis cases several years before reflux esophagitis onset, and that proactive intervention to lifestyle can help prevent reflux esophagitis in both males and females.