gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Multiplexed Flow Cytometric Assay for Botulinum Neurotoxin Detection Using an Automated Fluidic Microbead-Trapping Flow Cell for Enhanced Sensitivity (2009)

A bead-based sandwich immunoassay for botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) has been developed and demonstrated using a recombinant 50 kDa fragment (BoNT/A-HC-fragment) of the BoNT/A heavy chain (BoNT/A-HC) as a structurally valid simulant. Three different anti-BoNT/A antibodies were attached to three different fluorescent dye encoded flow cytometry beads for multiplexing. The assay was conducted in two formats: a manual microcentrifuge tube format and an automated fluidic system format. Flow cytometry detection was used for both formats. The fluidic system used a novel microbead-trapping flow cell to capture antibody-coupled beads with subsequent sequential perfusion of sample, wash, dye-labeled reporter antibody, and final wash solutions. After the reaction period, the beads were collected for analysis by flow cytometry. Sandwich assays performed on the fluidic system gave median fluorescence intensity signals on the flow cytometer that were 2-4 times higher than assays performed manually in the same amount of time. Limits of detection were estimated at 1 pM (approximately 50 pg/mL for BoNT/A-HC-fragment) for the 15 min fluidic assay in buffer.
Bluereach (2008)

We present a case study of BlueReach, an expertise sharing application that uses synchronous chat to connect question askers with subject-matter experts. We discuss how the solution evolved over time, and the generally high level of acceptance from users and volunteer experts. We include survey findings and usage data, which indicate that in spite of initial concerns that the experts would be overwhelmed by questions, usage has been fairly low and relatively flat. We examine this phenomenon and conclude with a discussion of lessons learned.
Expression of α and β thyroid receptors during oligodendrocyte differentiation (1994)

To determine which thyroid receptor (TR) isoforms are expressed during oligodendrocyte differentiation, we studied the expression of the mRNAs encoding two alpha (alpha 1 and alpha 2) and one beta (beta 1) TR isoforms in a bipotential oligodendrocyte-type 2-astrocyte (O-2A) progenitor cell line (CG-4) as well as in rat O-2A progenitor cells and oligodendrocytes. O-2A progenitor cells expressed only TR alpha-mRNAs, whereas oligodendrocytes and type 2-astrocytes also expressed TR beta 1-mRNAs. The differential expression of alpha 1 and beta 1 TRs suggests specific functions for both types of TRs during oligodendrocyte differentiation. We present evidence for a possible role of TR alpha 1 in the effect of thyroid hormones on the proliferation of CG-4 cells maintained as progenitor cells.
The NuMesh (1993)

Many standardized hardware communication interfaces offer runtime flexibility and configurability at the cost of efficiency. An alternate approach is the use of a highly-efficien~minimal communication element with as much communication decision-making as possible done at compile time. NuMesh is a packaging and interconnect technology supporting high-bandwidth systolic communications on a 3D nearest-neighbor lattice; our goal is to combine Lego-like modularity with supercomputer performance. To date, the primary focus of the project has been the class of applications whose static communication patterns can be precompiled into independent and carefully choreographed finite state machines running on each node. Several extensions of the NuMesh to more general communication paradigms have been implemented, and the issues involved are under active exploration.
Streptococcus suis Serotype 2, an Important Swine and Human Pathogen, Induces Strong Systemic and Cerebral Inflammatory Responses in a Mouse Model of Infection (2007)

Streptococcus suis, an important swine and human pathogen, causes septic shock and meningitis. The pathogenesis of both systemic and CNS infections caused by S. suis is poorly understood. A hematogenous model of infection in CD1 mice was developed to study the systemic release of cytokines during the septic shock phase and the proinflammatory events in the CNS associated with this pathogen. Using a liquid array system, high levels of systemic TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12, IFN-gamma, CCL2, CXCL1, and CCL5 were observed 24 h after infection and might be responsible for the sudden death of 20% of animals. Infected mice that survived the early sepsis later developed clinical signs of meningitis and exhibited lesions in the meninges and in numerous regions of the brain, such as the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and corpus callosum. Bacterial Ags were found in association with microglia residing only in the affected zones. In situ hybridization combined with immunocytochemistry showed transcriptional activation of TLR2 and TLR3 as well as CD14, NF-kappaB, IL-1beta, CCL2, and TNF-alpha, mainly in myeloid cells located in affected cerebral structures. Early transcriptional activation of TLR2, CD14, and inflammatory cytokines in the choroid plexus and cells lining the brain endothelium suggests that these structures are potential entry sites for the bacteria into the CNS. Our data indicate an important role of the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of S. suis infection in mice. This experimental model may be useful for studying the mechanisms underlying sepsis and meningitis during bacterial infection.
Nanotube Photoconductors (2007)

This work describes a cleverly designed hexabenzocoronene trinitrofluorenone (HBC-TNF) supramolecular structure 1, which could self-assemble into nanotubes when its dilute THF solution was exposed to methanol vapor. The nanotubes are 16 nanometers in diameter and several micrometers long, with 3-nm-thick walls consisting of a segregated HBC region sandwiched between two TNF layers, as evidenced by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies. More interestingly, these hollow nanotubes demonstrated a significant photoconductive response when illuminated, showing a current 104 times greater than in the dark.
Advanced near field communication with resonant coupling (2014)

Near Field Communication (NFC) applied with resonant coupling would lead to an innovative improvements such as power transfer efficiency and robustness, which can be most suitable for medical applications. However, there are several technical issues of the conventional NFC system that makes it difficult to apply resonant coupling. One of the critical issues is that the system performance becomes excessively sensitive to impedance matching and bandwidth of its antenna. In this paper, we propose a novel high-Q NFC system that overcomes the limitations of applying resonant coupling to conventional NFC system. As a result, the high-Q NFC system showed remarkable improvement in energy efficiency. Moreover, the high-Q NFC system showed perfect compatibility with conventional NFC system, while it quadrupled the power transmission efficiency.
Geodesic Lens: Review and New Designs for Illumination Engineering (2006)

Prior art of geodesic lens design is reviewed. New Kohler illuminators made of Luneburg and Rinehart geodesic lenses are presented. Illumination applications are introduced, and their performance modelled under manufacturing constraints and with surface scattering.
Influence of Channel Estimation Error on MIMO Multiplexing Using Precoding in Downlink OFDM Radio Access (2009)

This paper investigates the influence of channel estimation error on the precoding matrix selection and signal detection for MIMO multiplexing using precoding in the downlink OFDM radio access. In a simulation, we assume codebook-based unitary precoding and signal detection that employs a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) based interference suppression filter. The simulation results clarify the effect of the channel estimation error with respect to the precoding matrix selection and signal detection from the viewpoints of the number of streams, i.e., rank order, the number of transmit antennas, the modulation scheme and channel coding rate, and codebook size, i.e., quantization for precoding matrix feedback information.
Evaluation of several adaptive algorithms for canceling acoustic noise in mobile radio environments (2002)

The authors investigate several adaptive noise-cancellation algorithms and their effectiveness in improving the quality of speech degraded by additive acoustic noise in mobile communications. A personal-computer system which was used to acquire test data and implement the algorithms is described. The algorithms studied include least mean squares (LMS), recursive least squares (RLS), a fast transversal filter (FTF) implementation of RLS, direct solution of the normal equation, and an adaptive notch filter. The results of a comparison of the algorithms based on various criteria are presented. The results of applying each of the algorithms to adaptive noise cancellation in mobile environments are described and evaluated. The FTF algorithm demonstrated excellent convergence qualities compared to the LMS algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abnormal B-cell function in HTLV-I-tax transgenic mice. (1995)

Transgenic mice that carry the HTLV-I Tax gene develop an exocrinopathy with some similarities to Sjoegren's syndrome. Our experiments reveal that these mice have lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly composed primarily of B lymphocytes, as well as abnormal levels of secreted immunoglobulins. To gain insight into whether the lymphadenopathy manifested by these transgenic mice was the result of induction of cytokines by Tax, we utilized cell lines from these mice to study in vitro B-cell responses. Conditioned media (CM) derived from the cell lines caused B-cells to proliferate when a second signal, surface Ig cross-linking, was provided. The CM also caused a marked enhancement of IgM secretion by spleen cells or by purified B-cells treated with supplemental cytokines. The B-cell proliferative response and enhanced IgM secretion have not been attributed to a known cytokine. These results suggest that the CM from the cell lines contain a factor(s) involved in novel pathways of B-cell growth and differentiation that may participate in the pathologic development of autoimmune disease.
Control of the ductile and brittle behavior of titanium alloys in diamond cutting by applying a magnetic field (2019)

As a result of extensive investigations into deformation mechanisms of titanium alloys, it has been found that ductile and brittle behavior occurs during diamond cutting of the alloys. Other than implementing ductile regime machining for improving machining performances, in this study, an application of magnetic field in diamond cutting is proposed to enhance the machining performances in both ductile and brittle deformations in diamond cutting of titanium alloys. Results from the experiments showed that under the influence of a magnetic field, the cutting heat at the tool/titanium interface decreased, and surface damages induced from the brittle deformation were remarkably suppressed. The surface quality of both ductile and brittle deformation areas was enhanced in a presence of the magnetic field, which the surface profiles were less distortive with fewer cracks and defects in brittle deformation regions, and the cutting forces at the transition point became less fluctuant and much smoother. This study contributes enhancements of machining performances in ductile and brittle machining in diamond cutting of titanium alloys, increasing the precise level of machined components made with titanium alloys.
General theory of spontaneous emission near exceptional points (2017)

We present a general theory of spontaneous emission at exceptional points (EPs)-exotic degeneracies in non-Hermitian systems. Our theory extends beyond spontaneous emission to any light-matter interaction described by the local density of states (e.g., absorption, thermal emission, and nonlinear frequency conversion). Whereas traditional spontaneous-emission theories imply infinite enhancement factors at EPs, we derive finite bounds on the enhancement, proving maximum enhancement of 4 in passive systems with second-order EPs and significantly larger enhancements (exceeding 400×) in gain-aided and higher-order EP systems. In contrast to non-degenerate resonances, which are typically associated with Lorentzian emission curves in systems with low losses, EPs are associated with non-Lorentzian lineshapes, leading to enhancements that scale nonlinearly with the resonance quality factor. Our theory can be applied to dispersive media, with proper normalization of the resonant modes.
Selective Metal-vapor Deposition on Photochromic Diarylethene Surfaces (2019)

Selective metal deposition on photochromic diarylethene (DAE) films, its extension and applications are introduced. Metal vapor is deposited on the colored DAE, but not on the colorless surface by vacuum evaporation. The core phenomenon of selective deposition phenomenon is metal atom desorption from the colorless DAE surface with a low glass-transition temperature, in which nucleation for metal film formation is suppressed. This phenomenon is not restricted to DAE films but a variety of organic films with a low glass transition temperature (Tg) are available. Selective metal-vapor deposition can be applied to various metal pattern formation in electronics and photonics fields. Metal-vapor integrated-deposition is demonstrated as a new function of low-Tg organic surfaces.
In vivo ultrasound characterization of red blood cell aggregation using the Structure Factor Size and Attenuation Estimator (2009)

The ultrasound characterization of red blood cell (RBC) aggregation is an attractive tool to determine rheological blood flow disorders in vivo and in situ. The backscattered signals from blood can be spectrally analyzed to deduce the size and spatial distribution of RBC aggregates. One difficulty to apply this analysis in vivo is due to the frequency-dependent attenuation caused by intervening tissue layers that distorts the spectral content of backscattered echoes from blood microstructures. An optimization method was recently proposed to simultaneously estimate tissue attenuation and blood structure properties, and was termed the Structure Factor Size and Attenuation Estimator (SFSAE). With in vitro experiments, the method gave satisfactory estimates with relative errors below 25% for attenuations between 0.115 and 0.411 dB/MHz and kR <2.08 (k being the wave number and R the aggregate radius). The current work presents in vivo results to demonstrate the feasibility of the method. Measurements were performed on an arm's vein of a normal subject using an ultrasound scanner equipped with a 25 MHz center frequency probe. The probe was positioned in longitudinal view to examine three blood flow conditions: normal blood flow, stop flow with a proximal and distal constrictions of the ROI, and finally complex flow in the vinicity of two closed venous valves. For each case, the aggregate diameter D, expressed in number of RBCs, the packing factor W and the total attenuation ? <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> were estimated by using the SFSAE, i.e. by comparing the spectrum of the backscattered radio-frequency echoes with newly developed models of RBC aggregate scattering. Quantitative ultrasound parametric images of D, W and ? <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> estimates were constructed. For the two structural parameters D and W, statistically significant differences were observed between normal and stopped flow conditions, as well as between blood stagnation and circulation zones in the case of the two closed venous valves. To conclude, this work shows the SFSAE ability to estimate blood backscattering properties in vivo and in situ, and opens the way to parametric imaging for clinical studies in abnormal blood conditions.
A scalable architecture for massive MIMO base stations using distributed processing (2016)

Massive MIMO-systems have received considerable attention in recent years as an enabler in future wireless communication systems. As the idea is based on having a large number of antennas at the base station it is important to have both a scalable and distributed realization of such a system to ease deployment. Most work so far have focused on the theoretical aspects although a few demonstrators have been reported. In this work, we propose a base station architecture based on connecting the processing nodes in a K-ary tree, allowing simple scalability. Furthermore, it is shown that most of the processing can be performed locally in each node. Further analysis of the node processing shows that it should be enough that each node contains one or two complex multipliers and a few complex adders/subtracters operating at some hundred MHz. It is also shown that a communication link of some Gbps is required between the nodes, and, hence, it is fully feasible to have one or a few links between the nodes to cope with the communication requirements.
Down-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR5 by activation of chemotactic formyl peptide receptor in human monocytes (2000)

Abstract Interactions between cell surface receptors are important regulatory elements in the complex host responses to infections. In this study, it is shown that a classic chemotactic factor, the bacterial chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucylphenyl-alanine (fMLF), rapidly induced a protein-kinase-C–mediated serine phosphorylation and down-regulation of the chemokine receptor CCR5, which serves as a major human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 coreceptor. The fMLF binding to its receptor, formyl peptide receptor (FPR), resulted in significant attenuation of cell responses to CCR5 ligands and in inhibition of HIV-1-envelope-glycoprotein–mediated fusion and infection of cells expressing CD4, CCR5, and FPR. The finding that the expression and function of CCR5 can be regulated by peptides that use an unrelated receptor may provide a novel approach to the design of anti-inflamatory and antiretroviral agents.
Dual Inhibition of IGF-1R and ErbB3 Enhances the Activity of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) is critically involved in pancreatic cancer pathophysiology, promoting cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance. Assessment of IGF-1R inhibitors in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy, however, failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefit. The aim of this work is to unravel mechanisms of resistance to IGF-1R inhibition in pancreatic cancer and develop novel strategies to improve the activity of standard-of-care therapies.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Growth factor screening in pancreatic cancer cell lines was performed to identify activators of prosurvival PI3K/AKT signaling. The prevalence of activating growth factors and their receptors was assessed in pancreatic cancer patient samples. Effects of a bispecific IGF-1R and ErbB3 targeting antibody on receptor expression, signaling, cancer cell viability and apoptosis, spheroid growth, and <i>in vivo</i> chemotherapy activity in pancreatic cancer xenograft models were determined.<b>Results:</b> Growth factor screening in pancreatic cancer cells revealed insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and heregulin (HRG) as the most potent AKT activators. Both growth factors reduced pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to gemcitabine or paclitaxel in spheroid growth assays. Istiratumab (MM-141), a novel bispecific antibody that blocks IGF-1R and ErbB3, restored the activity of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in the presence of IGF-1 and HRG <i>in vitro</i> Dual IGF-1R/ErbB3 blocking enhanced chemosensitivity through inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and promotion of IGF-1R and ErbB3 degradation. Addition of istiratumab to gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel improved chemotherapy activity <i>in vivo</i><b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest a critical role for the HRG/ErbB3 axis and support the clinical exploration of dual IGF-1R/ErbB3 blocking in pancreatic cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2873-85. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Development of Multiplex Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assays for Detecting Eight Medically Important Flaviviruses in Mosquitoes (2006)

A multiplex real-time reverse transcriptase PCR has been developed for the rapid detection and identification of eight medically important flaviviruses from laboratory-reared, virus-infected mosquito pools. The method used involves the gene-specific amplification of yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), St. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), and dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1 to 4 (DENV-1 to DENV-4, respectively) by use of the flavivirus consensus amplimers located at the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain of nonstructural protein 5. Virus-specific amplicons were detected by four newly characterized TaqMan fluorogenic probes (probes specific for YFV, JEV, WNV, and SLEV) and four previously published probes specific for DENV-1 to -4 (L. J. Chien, T. L. Liao, P. Y. Shu, J. H. Huang, D. J. Gubler, and G. J. Chang, J. Clin. Microbiol. 44:1295-1304, 2006). This assay had a specificity of 100% and various sensitivities of at least 3.5 PFU/ml for YFV, 2.0 PFU/ml for JEV, 10.0 PFU/ml for WNV, and 10.0 PFU/ml for SLEV. Additionally, we have developed an in vitro transcription system to generate RNase-resistant RNA templates for each of these eight viruses. These templates can be incorporated into the assay as RNA copy number controls and/or as external controls for RNA-spiked mosquito pools for quality assurance purposes. Although further study with mosquitoes collected in the field is needed, the incorporation of this assay into mosquito surveillance could be used as an early-warning system for the detection of medically important flaviviruses, particularly when the cocirculation of multiple viruses in the same region is suspected.
G-104 Vaccine-induced myeloid cell population dampens protective immunity to SIV (2014)

While most vaccine studies have focused on factors that could promote adaptive immunity, little is known about negative factors induced under certain conditions by vaccines that may suppress immune responses. Using a vaccine strategy of peptide priming followed by a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) boost in rhesus macaques, we found that an SIV vaccine incorporating molecular adjuvants achieved partial protection against rectal SIVmac251 challenge evidenced by a reduced viral load (VL) compared to naive controls. Unexpectedly, animals treated with adjuvant alone had the greatest VL reduction compared to both the vaccine-treated groups and the naïve controls. The significantly reduced VLs occurred in the Mamu-A*01 subset of the adjuvant-only group and were largely dependent on CD8+ T cells. While investigating this paradoxical observation, we found that the set-point VL was associated with the expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), which were able to suppress T cell responses in vitro. The fact that MDSC expansion was not observed in the adjuvant-only group, but only in animals receiving vaccine, suggested that the vaccine itself induced the MDSC expansion. Thus, the induced expansion of MDSCs during vaccination and early SIV infection might affect the induction and function of protective CD8+ T cellular responses, which otherwise might mediate protection against SIV. These data suggest that some of the current SIV/HIV vaccine regimens, aimed to induce a strong cellular response, might inadvertently trigger the induction of MDSCs, which attenuate or abolish the T cell–mediated protection. Therefore, prevention of this MDSC expansion may be critical to achieving vaccine efficacy.