gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impulsive acoustic radiation force: imaging approaches and clinical applications (2008)

Focused acoustic radiation force can be used to locally mechanically excite tissue, and the tissue response can be monitored with conventional ultrasonic displacement estimation methods. Many groups are currently exploring the potential for radiation force based methods to derive information about tissue stiffness associated with different pathologies. These techniques can be implemented on a modified diagnostic ultrasound scanner, using the same transducer for both generating the radiation force excitation and monitoring the tissue response. Multiple locations within an imaging field of view can be interrogated sequentially, by electronically controlling the push and track apertures and beam locations. A variety of data processing and imaging approaches are under investigation. Images are generated of the tissue displacement magnitude within the region of excitation at a given time after radiation force application. These images portray relative differences in tissue stiffness, and provide interesting structural information that is well correlated with, and often exhibits improved contrast over, matched B-mode images. Methods for quantifying tissue stiffness through monitoring shear wave propagation, as originally proposed by Sarvazyan, are also under investigation. Results from ongoing clinical studies using these methods in a variety of organs (e.g., liver, prostate, breast, and heart) will be presented.
ChemInform Abstract: INDOLIZINE DERIVATIVES RELATED TO ERGOLINE. DERIVATIVES OF 7H‐PYRROLO(3,2,1‐I,J)QUINOLINE, 7H‐NAPHTHO(1,2,3‐H,I)INDOLIZINE, AND 7H‐PYRROLO(3,2,1‐G,H)‐4,7‐PHENANTHROLINE (1982)

Abstract (XIVd) hergestellt.
Experimental and theoretical studies on the coordination chemistry of the N1-hexyl substituted pyrimidines (uracil, 5-fluorouracil and cytosine) (2013)

N(1)-Hexyl substituted pyrimidines were shown to present solubility properties closer to the real bases than the commonly used methyl and ethyl derivatives, yielding bi-layered structures in the solid state. The study of their coordination capabilities, mainly with Ag(I) and Hg(II), is presented in order to prove their reactivity. A series of coordination complexes, namely, [Hg(N(1)-hexyl-5-fluorouracilate)2]4·6H2O (1), (Ag(+))·[Ag(N(1)-hexyl-5-fluorouracilate)2](-) (2), [Ag(NO3)(N(1)-hexyluracil-κO(4))4] (3), [ZnBr2(N(1)-hexylcytosine)2] (4), [CdBr2(N(1)-hexylcytosine)2] (5), [HgBr2(N(1)-hexylcytosine)2] (6) and [CoBr2(N(1)-hexylcytosine)2] (7), have been synthesized in good yields and X-ray characterized. The presence of the hexyl chains and the fluorine atoms causes the formation of interesting 3D architectures in the solid state. Their structures have been further characterized by infrared spectra (IR) and elemental analyses. In addition, DFT-D3 calculations are used to study interesting noncovalent interactions observed in the solid state, like fluorine-fluorine, fluorine-π and hydrophobic interactions.
Computer Simulations of Enantioselective Ester Hydrolyses Catalyzed by Pseudomonas cepacia Lipase (2000)

On the basis of the X-ray crystal structure of the lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia (PcL)-an enzyme representative for a whole family of Pseudomonas lipases (lipase PS, SAM-2, AK 10, and others with a high degree of homology with PcL)-a computational study was performed to rationalize both the enantioselectivity and substrate specificity (tolerance) displayed by this lipase in the enantioselective hydrolysis of racemic esters 1a-12a from various secondary aromatic alcohols. The major goal of this project was the development of a binding model for PcL which is able to rationalize the experimental findings to predict "a priori the enantioselective behavior of PcL toward a wider range of substrates. A two-step modeling procedure, namely, docking experiments followed by construction of tetrahedral intermediates, was used for the simulation of the involved enzyme-substrate recognition/hydrolysis processes. The study of the recognition process (docking experiments) led to unambiguous identification of the binding geometry for the two enantiomeric series of substrates, but did not suggest a definitive interpretation of the behavior of PcL. Taking into consideration the stereoelectronic requirements of the enzymatic hydrolysis reaction, both the enantioselectivity and tolerance of the enzyme were then explained through the study of the tetrahedral intermediates, in turn constructed from the calculated docking geometries of 1a-12a.
Deux aspects peu connus de la vie de Madame Tallien: son appartenance maçonnique et ses idées sur l'éducation (1989)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Abstract 61: Overcoming acquired resistance to PI3K inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with combination treatment (2017)

Abstract Purpose: Activating mutations in PIK3CA, the gene coding for the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), are prevalent in both HPV+ and HPV- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). These mutations are therapeutic targets and selection for PIK3CA mutations leads to superior activity of PI3K inhibitors. However, early clinical trials have been disappointing, mainly because the durability of activity of these drugs is limited. Recent preclinical data suggest that acquired resistance to PI3K inhibition is a result of activation of alternative pathways such as mTORC1 and the Cyclin D1 complex. Experimental Design: We challenged two different mechanisms by which PIK3CA-mutated tumors develop resistance to PI3K inhibitors by combining PI3K inhibitors with either mTORC1 inhibitor or CDK 4/6 inhibitor. Using patient-derived xenograft models of HNSCC, we tested whether these therapeutic strategies can overcome drug resistance and result in durable response. Results: Administration of the PI3K inhibitor BYL719 together with the mTORC inhibitor RAD001 delayed tumor growth in comparison with either of these drugs alone. Similarly, treatment with another PI3K inhibitor GDC-0032 and the CDK4/6 inhibitor abemaciclib was superior to single-agent treatments. Conclusions: Co-suppression of PI3K and either mTORC1 or CDK4/6 is effective in preclinical models of HNSCC. These results may provide the rationale to test these therapeutic strategies in the clinic. Citation Format: Aviram Mizrachi, Lara Dunn, Alan Ho, Maurizio Scaltriti. Overcoming acquired resistance to PI3K inhibitors in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with combination treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr 61.
Laser‐induced photoionization of molecular hydrogen: A technique to measure revibrational ground state populations (1982)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation E. E. Marinero, C. T. Rettner, R. N. Zare; Laser‐induced photoionization of molecular hydrogen: A technique to measure revibrational ground state populations. AIP Conf. Proc. 1 September 1982; 90 (1): 400–401. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.33737 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
38 GHz wideband point-to-multipoint radio wave propagation study for a campus environment (2003)

This article presents the results of a fixed millimeter-wave short-hop radio wave propagation study at 38 GHz. A wideband measurement campaign was performed using three cross-campus radio links from April to August 1998 at Virginia Tech. 73,963 power delay profiles (PDPs) were recorded during different weather events such as clear sky, rain, and hail. Rain/hail attenuation, short-term signal variation, and multipath statistics were studied. The measured rain attenuation (in excess of free space) slightly exceeds the Crane (see Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Through Rain. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1996) model prediction. Short-term variation of received signal strength during rain follows a Rician distribution with a K factor inversely proportional to the rain rate. The wideband measurements indicate that multipath can occur due to foliage and reflections from wet surfaces during rain.
Deficiency of myeloid PHD proteins aggravates atherogenesis via macrophage apoptosis and paracrine fibrotic signalling (2021)

Myeloid PHD2cko and PHD3ko enhanced atherosclerotic plaque growth and macrophage apoptosis, while PHD2cko macrophages further activated collagen secretion by fibroblasts in vitro, likely via paracrine SPP1 signalling through TREM2hi macrophages.
Morphogenesis and dysmorphogenesis of the appendicular skeleton (2003)

Cartilage patterning and differentiation are prerequisites for skeletal development through endochondral ossification (EO). Multipotential mesenchymal cells undergo a complex process of cell fate determination to become chondroprogenitors and eventually differentiate into chondrocytes. These developmental processes require the orchestration of cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. In this review, we present limb bud development as a model for cartilage patterning and differentiation. We summarize the molecular and cellular events and signaling pathways for axis patterning, cell condensation, cell fate determination, digit formation, interdigital apoptosis, EO, and joint formation. The interconnected nature of these pathways underscores the effects of genetic and teratogenic perturbations that result in skeletal birth defects. The topics reviewed also include limb dysmorphogenesis as a result of genetic disorders and environmental factors, including FGFR, GLI3, GDF5/CDMP1, Sox9, and Cbfa1 mutations, as well as thalidomide- and alcohol-induced malformations. Understanding the complex interactions involved in cartilage development and EO provides insight into mechanisms underlying the biology of normal cartilage, congenital disorders, and pathologic adult cartilage.
Error correction for combinational logic circuits (2000)

In this paper we propose a method for error-correction in IC implementations of Boolean functions. The method corrects both manufacturing "hard" errors and temporary "soft" errors during curcuit operation. The errors in the logic are detected and corrected by additional logic implemented on each IC. The method proposed can correct output errors. Experimental results prove the feasibility of our method. we have a theoretical upperbound of a factor of 2n+1 in complexity increase of the total circuit, for this method for correction of n errors.
Interactive biomaterials: taking surgery to the next level. (2006)

Medicine has been advanced greatly by implantable biomaterials, but today's standard materials are not without problems. Infection, erosion, adhesions, persistent pain, and other complications suggest that something better is possible. Just as normal tissues self-renew, it is desirable to have an implant recapitulate original anatomy for both structure and function. Short of complete tissue regeneration, perhaps an implant material could transition from an inanimate bridge to a living tissue with strong similarity to the original host architecture-to optimize the biology and not simply the mechanics of tissue repair. Such remodelable or tissue-inductive materials exist today and are in use in a wide variety of surgical applications. Changing the idea that implants must be rigid, inert, and permanent to an understanding that implants can provide short-term mechanics and long-term repair by harnessing the host's healing abilities represents a paradigm shift that will ultimately benefit patients and the practice of surgery.
Novel bidirectional universal 1‐phase/3‐phase‐input unity power factor differential AC/DC converter (2023)

Abstract A common 400 V dc bus for industrial motor drives advantageously allows the use of high‐performance 600 V power semiconductor technology in the inverter drive converter stages and to lower the rated power of the supplying rectifier system. Ideally, this supplying rectifier system features unity power factor operation, bidirectional power flow and nominal power operation in the three‐phase and the single‐phase grid. This paper introduces a novel bidirectional universal single‐/three‐phase‐input unity power factor differential ac‐dc converter suitable for the above mentioned requirements. The basic operating principle and conduction states of the proposed topology are derived and discussed in detail. Then, the main power component voltage and current stresses are determined and simulation results in PLECS are provided. The concept is verified by means of experimental measurements conducted in both three‐phase and single‐phase operation with a 6 kW prototype system employing a switching frequency of 100 kHz and 1200 V SiC power semiconductors.
Assembly Reactions of Hepatitis B Capsid Protein into Capsid Nanoparticles Follow a Narrow Path through a Complex Reaction Landscape (2019)

For many viruses, capsids (biological nanoparticles) assemble to protect genetic material and dissociate to release their cargo. To understand these contradictory properties, we analyzed capsid assembly for hepatitis B virus; an endemic pathogen with an icosahedral, 120-homodimer capsid. We used solution X-ray scattering to examine trapped and equilibrated assembly reactions. To fit experimental results, we generated a library of distinct intermediates, selected by umbrella sampling of Monte Carlo simulations. The number of possible capsid intermediates is immense, ∼10<sup>30</sup>, yet assembly reactions are rapid and completed with high fidelity. If the huge number of possible intermediates were actually present, maximum entropy analysis shows that assembly reactions would be blocked by an entropic barrier, resulting in incomplete nanoparticles. When an energetic term was applied to select the stable species that dominated the reaction mixture, we found only a few hundred intermediates, mapping out a narrow path through the immense reaction landscape. This is a solution to a viral application of the Levinthal paradox. With the correct energetic term, the match between predicted intermediates and scattering data was striking. The grand canonical free energy landscape for assembly, calibrated by our experimental results, supports a detailed analysis of this complex reaction. There is a narrow range of energies that supports on-path assembly. If association energy is too weak or too strong, progressively more intermediates will be entropically blocked, spilling into paths leading to dissociation or trapped incomplete nanoparticles, respectively. These results are relevant to many viruses and provide a basis for simplifying assembly models and identifying new targets for antiviral intervention. They provide a basis for understanding and designing biological and abiological self-assembly reactions.
Photohydration and Photosolvolysis of Biphenyl Alkenes and Alcohols via Biphenyl Quinone Methide-type Intermediates and Diarylmethyl Carbocations (2003)

Evidence is presented for the photochemical generation of novel biphenyl quinone methide (BQM)-type intermediates on photolysis of hydroxybiphenyl alkenes 7 and 8 and hydroxybiphenyl alcohols 9 and 10. Mechanistic investigations utilizing product, fluorescence, and nanosecond laser flash photolysis (LFP) studies indicate two distinct pathways for the formation of these BQMs depending upon the functional groups of the progenitor. Formal excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) between the phenol and the alkene led to BQMs upon irradiation of the hydroxybiphenyl alkenes 7 and 8, while excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) to solvent followed by dehydroxylation was responsible for BQM formation from the hydroxybiphenyl alcohols 9 and 10. Photolysis of 7 and 8 in aqueous CH(3)CN gave photohydration products via attack of water on the respective BQMs, while photolysis of the analogous methyl ethers (of the phenolic moiety) gave only carbocation intermediates. Hydroxybiphenyl alcohols 9 and 10 yielded the corresponding photomethanolysis products in aqueous methanol, through attack of CH(3)OH on the respective BQMs. Although no evidence was found for BQM formation in LFP studies of 8 and 10, due to its suspected short lifetime, the respective diaryl carbocation (lambda(max) 420 nm, tau = 8.5 micros) has been observed upon irradiation of 8 in 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol. A BQM (lambda(max) 580 nm) was observed for 9 but not for 10, the latter having more complex chemistry on laser excitation, resulting in a transient that appears to mask any BQM absorption. Significant quenching of fluorescence from the hydroxybiphenyl alkenes at low water content implies that H(2)O is directly involved in reaction from the singlet excited state. The decrease in fluorescence intensity of 8 was found to depend on [H(2)O](3); however, the distance required for ESIPT in these systems is too large to be bridged by a water trimer. The nonlinear quenching has been attributed to deprotonation of the phenol by two water molecules, with concerted protonation at the alkene by another molecule of water. Fluorescence quenching of the hydroxybiphenyl alcohols required much higher water content, implying a different mechanism of reaction, consistent with the proposal of ESPT (to solvent water) followed by dehydroxylation.
Communicating mild cognitive impairment diagnoses with and without amyloid imaging (2017)

In patients with MCI, there is a need to devote considerable time and attention to patient education and shared decision-making. Amyloid imaging may be a tool to aid clinicians. Careful management of patient expectations and communication of scan results will be critical to the appropriate use of amyloid imaging information.
Evaluation and Tuning of a SAR Detector using Sparse-Array Spotlight Mode Simulations (2006)

We describe a method of tuning a simple detection process of stationary targets in SAR images. The tuning metric accounts for the squared-error performance of prescient estimators of target location and reflectivity. The efficiencies of these prescient estimators are compared to their Cramer Rao bounds (CRBs). The off-line tuning is performed by collecting statistics of scatterer estimation in SAR images created using sparse-array spotlight mode simulations
Insights into Ni-filament formation in unipolar-switching Ni/HfO2/TiN resistive random access memory device (2012)

In this letter, CMOS-compatible Ni/HfO2/TiN resistive random access memory stacks demonstrated attractive unipolar switching properties, showing &amp;gt;103 endurance and long retention at 150 °C. The Ni bottom electrode (BE) improved the switching yield over the NiSiPt BE. To better understand the unipolar forming mechanism, ab initio simulation and time of flight-secondary ion mass spectroscopy were utilized. Compared to the NiSiPt BE, Ni BE gives larger Ni diffusion in the HfO2 and lower formation enthalpy of Ni2+ species during electrical forming. Both the electrical and physical results supported a Ni-injection mechanism for the filament formation.
Receptor-isoform-selective insulin analogues give tissue-preferential effects (2011)

The relative expression patterns of the two IR (insulin receptor) isoforms, +/- exon 11 (IR-B/IR-A respectively), are tissue-dependent. Therefore we have developed insulin analogues with different binding affinities for the two isoforms to test whether tissue-preferential biological effects can be attained. In rats and mice, IR-B is the most prominent isoform in the liver (> 95%) and fat (> 90%), whereas in muscles IR-A is the dominant isoform (> 95%). As a consequence, the insulin analogue INS-A, which has a higher relative affinity for human IR-A, had a higher relative potency [compared with HI (human insulin)] for glycogen synthesis in rat muscle strips (26%) than for glycogen accumulation in rat hepatocytes (5%) and for lipogenesis in rat adipocytes (4%). In contrast, the INS-B analogue, which has an increased affinity for human IR-B, had higher relative potencies (compared with HI) for inducing glycogen accumulation (75%) and lipogenesis (130%) than for affecting muscle (45%). For the same blood-glucose-lowering effect upon acute intravenous dosing of mice, INS-B gave a significantly higher degree of IR phosphorylation in liver than HI. These in vitro and in vivo results indicate that insulin analogues with IR-isoform-preferential binding affinity are able to elicit tissue-selective biological responses, depending on IR-A/IR-B expression.
First PAC experiments in MAX-phases (2007)

MAX-phases are hexagonal ternary carbides and nitrides with the general formula: M n + 1 AX n and n = 1 to 3. 111In was implanted into the two MAX compounds Ti2InC and Zr2InC. Based on the general knowledge of previous 111In implantations one expects to find the probes on the indium lattice-site in these compounds. First experiments on the annealing behaviour and the thermal stability of the indium-containing MAX-phases are reported. The observed EFGs are interpreted and first PAC-measurements under compressive stress are shown.
[Decision regarding chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid in patients using parenteral drugs and infected with HIV]. (1994)

For the present situation in Spain, CP with INH is effective in HIV+ IVDU patients, independent of the results of the intradermal reaction skin tests.
Hydrophile–Lipophile Balance System (HLB System) (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.