gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface modification based on Si‐O and Si‐C sublayers and a series of N‐substituted acrylamide top‐layers for capillary electrophoresis (1998)

Two approaches were used to prepare a series of surface-modified capillaries. In the first, a sublayer was formed by coupling gamma-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to the surface silanol groups forming an SI-O bond; a top layer was then formed by polymerizing acrylamide in the capillary, which reacted with the sublayer. In the second approach, a sublayer was formed by silanol chlorination, followed by Grignard coupling of vinylmagnesium bromide to form an Si-C bond at the surface; a top layer was formed by polymerizing either acrylamide (AA), dimethylacrylamide (DMA), N-acryloylaminoethoxyethanol (AAEE), or N-acryloylaminopropanol (AAP) onto the sublayer. The Si-Cpoly(AA) capillaries were more stable and produced an approximately 10-fold lower electroosmotic flow compared to the Si-O-poly(AA) capillaries. The Si-C sublayer was used to compare the performance of all four top layers. Electroosmotic flow decreased in the order: Si-O-poly(AA), Si-C-poly(AA), Si-Cpoly(AAEE), Si-C-poly(DMA), and Si-C-poly(AAP). Si-C-poly(AA) showed evidence of irreversible degradation at pH 9 already after 40-50 runs. Si-C-polyAAP-coated capillaries demonstrated superior efficiency and migration time reproducibility for a number of alkaline proteins and for fluorescently labeled ovalbumin. Excellent performance was maintained, in the case of poly(AAP), for a least 300 runs (of 30 min duration) at pH 9.0.
Data from ERK and p38 MAPK Activities Determine Sensitivity to PI3K/mTOR Inhibition via Regulation of MYC and YAP (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Aberrant activation of the PI3K/mTOR pathway is a common feature of many cancers and an attractive target for therapy, but resistance inevitably evolves as is the case for any cancer cell–targeted therapy. In animal tumor models, chronic inhibition of PI3K/mTOR initially inhibits tumor growth, but over time, tumor cells escape inhibition. In this study, we identified a context-dependent mechanism of escape whereby tumor cells upregulated the proto-oncogene transcriptional regulators c-MYC and YAP1. This mechanism was dependent on both constitutive ERK activity as well as inhibition of the stress kinase p38. Inhibition of p38 relieved proliferation arrest and allowed upregulation of MYC and YAP through stabilization of CREB. These data provide new insights into cellular signaling mechanisms that influence resistance to PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Furthermore, they suggest that therapies that inactivate YAP or MYC or augment p38 activity could enhance the efficacy of PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(24); 7168–80. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
<title>Error diffusion algorithm with output position constraints for homogenous highlight and shadow dot distribution</title> (1998)

In the conventional error diffusion, non homogeneous arrangement of dots ('worm' artifacts) may occur in the binary image for the highlight and shadow gray regions. In order to eliminate the 'worms' artifacts and preserve the advantages of error diffusion for rendering the middle tones, the proposed method introduces spatial constraints that conduct to more uniform arrangement of dots. In the proposed method, for a current pixel with a gray level in the shadow or highlight region, a dot is placed only if a minimum distance between the current position and the neighbor dots is satisfied. If the distance constraint is not satisfied, the placement of the current dot is postponed and the quantizer error is diffused to the unprocessed pixels. For an input shadow or highlight gray level at the current location, the distance constraint consists of checking if another dot is encountered along a roadmap associated to the current location for a length dependent on the gray level to be represented. The roadmap is defined such that it enlarges from the current location as the gray level to be represented is closer to the extreme limits of the gray level range. The minimum distance from the current dot (black or white) to its neighbors increases as long as the gray level to be represented is closer to the extreme limits of the gray level range (that is, closer to 0% or 100%). The algorithm represents a practical implementation of the output feedback control method proposed by Levien. In term of quality, the proposed method offers equivalent results with the threshold modulation using an imprint function proposed by Eschbach.
Combining Data Augmentations for CNN-Based Voice Command Recognition (2019)

This paper presents combining two data augmentation methods involving speed perturbation and room impulse response reverberation for the purpose of improving the generalization capability of convolutional neural networks when used for voice command recognition. Speed perturbation generates voice command variations caused by shorter or longer time durations of commands spoken by different speakers. Room impulse response reverberation generates voice command variations caused by reflected sound paths. The combination of these two augmentation methods is presented in this paper by examining a public domain dataset of voice commands. The experimental results based on the performance metric of word error rate indicate the improvement in voice command recognition rates when combining these data augmentation methods relative to using each augmentation method individually.
Shock-Front Injector for High-Quality Laser-Plasma Acceleration (2013)

We report the generation of stable and tunable electron bunches with very low absolute energy spread (ΔE ≈ 5 MeV) accelerated in laser wakefields via injection and trapping at a sharp downward density jump produced by a shock front in a supersonic gas flow. The peak of the highly stable and reproducible electron energy spectrum was tuned over more than 1 order of magnitude, containing a charge of 1-100 pC and a charge per energy interval of more than 10 pC/MeV. Laser-plasma electron acceleration with Ti:sapphire lasers using this novel injection mechanism provides high-quality electron bunches tailored for applications.
[Development and methods of separate-side renal clearance by means of 131 I-ortho-iodo-hippuric acid in whole body counter and its use in pediatrics]. (1975)

Automated optimization of real-time architectures with respect to cost, performance, robustness and safety has received considerable attention in the last decade. In this paper, we present an automated Design Space Exploration (DSE)method based on both a multi-objective genetic algorithm and a heuristic particle-swarm-optimization technique. The optimization process is guided to desired solutions by weight coefficients that are assigned to the system objectives. The proposed method automatically generates architecture alternatives by changing hardware topology and mapping the tasks on different nodes, CPUs and by modifying their execution priority. Based on multiple quality objectives, the optimization method concludes to the Pareto-optimal solution set of the architecture alternatives. Moreover, in this paper we present an addition to the pre-existing optimization heuristics, targeting the reduction of the exploration time and maintaining a high-quality Pareto-optimal solution set. Finally, we compare the NSGA-II algorithm against the OMOPSO and their "Rule-Based Initial Population versions", for the convergence speed and the quality of their solutions, by comparing the hyper volume and the epsilon quality indicators. The proposed DSE approach has been applied to an autonomously navigating robot system consisting of several processing nodes (real-time distributed system) and resulting into better optimized and balanced solutions when compared to the proposed system architecture by an architect specialist.
The relationship between ocular dimensions and refraction with adult stature: the Tanjong Pagar Survey. (2001)

Adult height is independently related to ocular dimensions, but does not appear to influence refraction. Thus, although taller persons are more likely to have longer globes, they also tend to have deeper anterior chambers, thinner lenses, and flatter corneas. Conversely, weight is independently related to refraction, although the exact biometric component responsible for this association is not apparent.
Hall and Seebeck profiling: Determining surface, interface, and bulk electron transport properties in unintentionally doped InN (2011)

A method for depth profiling of the resistivity, carrier concentration, carrier mobility, and Seebeck coefficient is proposed. This method is based on the measured sheet resistance, Hall coefficient, and Seebeck coefficient of a series of samples with different thicknesses, and data analysis based on multilayer models. We applied this profiling to separate the bulk electron transport properties---concentration, activation energy, mobility, and Seebeck coefficient---of unintentionally doped $n$-type InN from the contribution of the parasitic surface electron accumulation layer and a highly conductive interface region. The $\ensuremath{\approx}200$-nm-thick interface region shows a high but rapidly decreasing carrier concentration. The dependence of the Seebeck coefficient on electron concentration was extracted. The limits and applicability of this method to extract $p$-type InN transport properties are discussed.
Selective plasma etching of silicon-containing high chi block copolymer for directed self-assembly (DSA) application (2021)

Directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is an advanced patterning technique being investigated to obtain small and dense patterns for future technological nodes. In order to demonstrate the potential of DSA to extend optical lithography, poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) has been the most commonly used block copolymer in different applications, such as line/space and contact hole patterning as well as uniformity repair. However, the minimum pitch for the PS-b-PMMA system is limited to around 24 nm due to its relatively weak segregation strength. Therefore, block copolymers with stronger microphase segregation have been developed to enable sub-10 nm patterning, thus obtaining the so-called “high chi” BCPs. In this article, the silicon-containing high chi system investigated is the poly(styrene-b-1,1-dimethylsilacyclobutane) (PS-b-PDMSB) presenting a pitch of 18 nm. A one-step top coat and PS removal based on H2/N2 plasma that presents good selectivity and profile has been studied. The H2/N2 gas ratio has been investigated to understand the trade-off between obtaining high selectivity and avoiding pattern collapse. Using this approach, the pattern transfer into different underlayers is demonstrated for the high chi PS-b-PDMSB.
Data from A c-Myc Activation Sensor-Based High-Throughput Drug Screening Identifies an Antineoplastic Effect of Nitazoxanide (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Deregulation of c-Myc plays a central role in the tumorigenesis of many human cancers. Yet, the development of drugs regulating c-Myc activity has been challenging. To facilitate the identification of c-Myc inhibitors, we developed a molecular imaging sensor–based high-throughput screening (HTS) system. This system uses a cell-based assay to detect c-Myc activation in a HTS format, which is established from a pure clone of a stable breast cancer cell line that constitutively expresses a c-Myc activation sensor. Optimization of the assay performance in the HTS format resulted in uniform and robust signals at the baseline. Using this system, we conducted a quantitative HTS against approximately 5,000 existing bioactive compounds from five different libraries. Thirty-nine potential hits were identified, including currently known c-Myc inhibitors. There are a few among the top potent hits that are not known for anti–c-Myc activity. One of these hits is nitazoxanide, a thiazolide for treating human protozoal infections. Validation of nitazoxanide in different cancer cell lines revealed a high potency for c-Myc inhibition with IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; ranging between 10 and 500 nmol/L. Oral administration of nitazoxanide in breast cancer xenograft mouse models significantly suppressed tumor growth by inhibition of c-Myc and induction of apoptosis. These findings suggest a potential of nitazoxanide to be repurposed as a new antitumor agent for inhibition of c-Myc–associated neoplasia. Our work also demonstrated the unique advantage of molecular imaging in accelerating discovery of drugs for c-Myc–targeted cancer therapy. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 12(9); 1896–905. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Editorial: Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Solid and Haematologic Tumors (2020)

EDITORIAL article Front. Immunol., 31 March 2020Sec. Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00507
Supplemental figure 13 from Preclinical Characterization of BET Family Bromodomain Inhibitor ABBV-075 Suggests Combination Therapeutic Strategies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Restoration of Myc expression under BET inhibitor treatment failed to rescue cells from apoptosis or cell cycle arrest&lt;/p&gt;
Realization and Performance Evaluation of IMS Multimedia Telephony for HSPA (2006)

The proposed Voice over IP (VoIP) over HSPA solution targets high capacity as well as coverage and speech quality comparable to circuit switched (CS) speech. The VoIP over HSPA radio bearer realization includes one radio link control (RLC) un-acknowledged mode for the speech media. Parallel signaling radio bearers are also transmitted using HSPA access. Due to the flexibility of IP and HSPA, both narrow-band and wideband speech codecs work well. A delay sensitive scheduler is selected for the downlink transmission. For the uplink, the non-scheduled mode is selected. Coverage and quality can, with simulations, be shown to be at least as good as CS speech according to 3GPP Rel. 99 specifications. Similarly, capacity evaluations show that VoIP over HSPA has the potential of matching or exceeding CS speech capacity, depending on scenario. Finally, end to end simulations show that the maximum allowed delay of single links seldom occurs for uplink and downlink simultaneously, resulting in a lower perceived end-to-end delay than expected most of the time.
Coupling biotic and abiotic metrics to create a testbed for predicting neural electrode performance (2011)

In this work, we develop an experimental testbed that couples biotic and abiotic metrics for studying, quantifying and predicting the effects of chronic electrode implantation on neural electrode performance. The rationale is based on the observation that long-term functionality is the outcome of the interactions between the dynamics of the neuronal environment and the properties of the electrode itself. By combining and analyzing the substantially richer information available in the spatiotemporal dynamics of neurons with biotic and abiotic metrics such as biochemical markers, histochemistry, SEM imaging, and electrochemistry, we seek to quantitatively improve our understanding of the functional modifications underlying the long-term responses of electrode implants. The goal is to ultimately enable the design of future reliable interfaces. In our preliminary analysis using this biotic-abiotic approach of an electrode 18 days post-implant, we observed both structural and histochemical responses related to chronic electrode implantation. These were coupled to daily functional changes in electrode performance. Interestingly, these changes were not correlated with markers of brain injury at the time of electrode explantation. Future work using this multidisciplinary approach is directed to providing a detailed perspective into long-term microelectrode performance.
Supramolecular Peapods Composed of a Metalloporphyrin Nanotube and Fullerenes (2003)

An acyclic dimer of a dendritic zinc porphyrin bearing six carboxylic acid functionalities (1acid) interacts with fullerenes, such as C60 and C70, to form "supramolecular peapods", composed of a hydrogen-bonded zinc porphyrin nanotube and fullerenes (3). According to TEM, the peapods are very long (>1 mum) and have a uniform diameter of 15 nm. Without fullerenes, the zinc porphyrin dimer forms only a heavily entangled, irregular assembly. In contrast with 1acid, an ester version of the acyclic dimer without hydrogen-bonding capability (1ester) hardly interacts with fullerenes.
Live cell refractometry using microfluidic devices (2006)

Using Hilbert phase microscopy for extracting quantitative phase images, we measured the average refractive index associated with live cells in culture. To decouple the contributions to the phase signal from the cell refractive index and thickness, we confined the cells in microchannels. The results are confirmed by comparison with measurements of spherical cells in suspension.
Megasonic Excited Ozonized Water for the Cleaning of Silicon Surfaces (1997)

Conditions to remove contaminations adsorbed on a surface in wet cleaning processes have to be perfectly controlled. Megasonic excitation of ozonized water removes hydrocarbon contamination from silicon surfaces. When ozonized water was excited by megasonics at a frequency of about 1 MHz, OH radicals were produced in the cleaning solution. As a result, we have shown that hydrocarbons on the wafer surface were oxidized by OH radicals leading to hydrocarbon‐free Si surfaces.
Spectral MVIR: Joint Reconstruction of 3D Shape and Spectral Reflectance (2021)

Reconstructing an object's high-quality 3D shape with inherent spectral reflectance property, beyond typical device-dependent RGB albedos, opens the door to applications requiring a high-fidelity 3D model in terms of both geometry and photometry. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-View Inverse Rendering (MVIR) method called Spectral MVIR for jointly reconstructing the 3D shape and the spectral reflectance for each point of object surfaces from multi-view images captured using a standard RGB camera and low-cost lighting equipment such as an LED bulb or an LED projector. Our main contributions are twofold: (i) We present a rendering model that considers both geometric and photometric principles in the image formation by explicitly considering camera spectral sensitivity, light's spectral power distribution, and light source positions. (ii) Based on the derived model, we build a cost-optimization MVIR framework for the joint reconstruction of the 3D shape and the per-vertex spectral reflectance while estimating the light source positions and the shadows. Different from most existing spectral-3D acquisition methods, our method does not require expensive special equipment and cumbersome geometric calibration. Experimental results using both synthetic and real-world data demonstrate that our Spectral MVIR can acquire a high-quality 3D model with accurate spectral reflectance property.
Kinetic Resolution of the Racemic 1-(Aryloxazol-2-yl)carbinols with Achiral Carboxylic Acids by Asymmetric Esterification: A New Method for the Preparation of Chiral 1,2-Amino Alcohols (2010)

An efficient kinetic resolution of racemic 1-(aryloxazol-2-yl)carbinols with achiral carboxylic acids using pivalic anhydride in the presence of (R)-benzotetramisole ((R)-BTM) is reported.It was determined that the naphth[1,2-d]oxazole moiety at the C-1 position in the alcohols is a suitable structure to attain a high selectivity.An application to produce optically pure 1,2-amino alcohols was developed by the kinetic resolution of the racemic 1-(aryloxazol-2-yl)carbinols followed by a two-step cleavage of the aryloxazole part to form the corresponding amino group.Transition states that provide the desired (R)-esters from (R)-1-(benzoxazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol or the undesired (S)-esters from (S)-1-(benzoxazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol are disclosed by DFT calculations.Another transition state that affords the desired (R)-ester from (R)-1-(naphth[1,2-d]oxazol-2-yl)ethan-1-ol included in the racemic mixture is also estimated, and the structural features of these transition states are discussed.Optically active 1,2-amino alcohol units are widely distributed in natural products, such as alkaloids, azamacrolides, and amino sugar antibiotics.Moreover, several kinds of optically active 1,2-amino alcohols are frequently utilized as the starting materials for the synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs and the production of chiral ligands in the field of asymmetric catalysis.There are currently several methods for preparing chiral 1,2-amino alcohols derived from chiral or achiral epoxides by the oxirane-opening ammonolysis. 1 However, in these syntheses, the basic carbon skeletons of the 1,2-amino alcohols must be constructed before the oxirane-opening reaction, so that there are several structural limitations in the The authors dedicate this paper to Professor Albert Eschenmoser on the celebration of his 85th birthday.
Responding rapidly to service level violations using virtual appliances (2012)

One of the key goals in the data center today is providing storage services with service-level objectives (SLOs) for performance metrics such as latency and throughput. Meeting such SLOs is challenging due to the dynamism observed in these environments. In this position paper, we propose dynamic instantiation of virtual appliances, that is, virtual machines with storage functionality, as a mechanism to meet storage SLOs efficiently. In order for dynamic instantiation to be realistic for rapidlychanging environments, it should be automated. Therefore, an important goal of this paper is to show that such automation is feasible. We do so through a caching case study. Specifically, we build the automation framework for dynamically instantiating virtual caching appliances. This framework identifies sets of interfering workloads that can benefit from caching, determines the cache-size requirements of workloads, non-disruptively migrates the application to use the cache, and warms the cache to quickly return to acceptable service levels. We show through an experiment that this approach addresses SLO violations while using resources efficiently.
Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry-Based Synthetic Cell Glue (2015)

Artificial methods of cell adhesion can be effective in building functional cell complexes in vitro, but methods for in vivo use are currently lacking. Here, a chemical cell glue based on bioorthogonal click chemistry with high stability and robustness is introduced. Tetrazine (Tz) and trans-cyclooctene (TCO) conjugated to the cell surface form covalent bonds between cells within 10 min in aqueous conditions. Glued, homogeneous, or heterogeneous cell pairs remain viable and stably attached in a microfluidic flow channel at a shear stress of 20 dyn cm(-2) . Upon intravenous injection of assembled Jurkat T cells into live mice, fluorescence microscopy shows the trafficking of cell pairs in circulation and their infiltration into lung tissues. These results demonstrate the promising potential of chemically glued cell pairs for various applications ranging from delivering therapeutic cells to studying cell-cell interactions in vivo.
Rolled‐Up Monolayer Graphene Tubular Micromotors: Enhanced Performance and Antibacterial Property (2019)

The motion of catalytic tubular micromotors are driven by the oxygen bubbles generated from chemical reaction and is influenced by the resistance from the liquid environment. Herein, we fabricated a rolled-up graphene tubular micromotor, in which the graphene layer was adopted as the outmost surface. Due to the hydrophobic property of the graphene layer, the fabricated micromotor performed a motion pattern that could escape from the attraction from the bubbles. In addition, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus culture experiments proved that the graphene outer surface displays antibacterial property. Considering the bubble-avoiding and antibacterial properties, the rolled-up graphene tubular micromotor holds great potential for various applications such as in vivo drug delivery and biosensors.
Review of high-performance sustainable polymers in additive manufacturing (2022)

This review evaluates the current state of sustainable polymers in additive manufacturing with a focus on higher performance capabilities.