gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adenylate kinase 2 expression and addiction in T-ALL (2021)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) represents the malignant expansion of immature T cells blocked in their differentiation. T-ALL is still associated with a poor prognosis, mainly related to occurrence of relapse or refractory disease. A critical medical need therefore exists for new therapies to improve the disease prognosis. Adenylate kinase 2 (AK2) is a mitochondrial kinase involved in adenine nucleotide homeostasis recently reported as essential in normal T-cell development, as defective AK2 signaling pathway results in a severe combined immunodeficiency with a complete absence of T-cell differentiation. In this study, we show that AK2 is constitutively expressed in T-ALL to varying levels, irrespective of the stage of maturation arrest or the underlying oncogenetic features. T-ALL cell lines and patient T-ALL-derived xenografts present addiction to AK2, whereas B-cell precursor ALL cells do not. Indeed, AK2 knockdown leads to early and massive apoptosis of T-ALL cells that could not be rescued by the cytosolic isoform AK1. Mechanistically, AK2 depletion results in mitochondrial dysfunction marked by early mitochondrial depolarization and reactive oxygen species production, together with the depletion of antiapoptotic molecules (BCL-2 and BCL-XL). Finally, T-ALL exposure to a BCL-2 inhibitor (ABT-199 [venetoclax]) significantly enhances the cytotoxic effects of AK2 depletion. We also show that AK2 depletion disrupts the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Combined with pharmaceutical inhibition of glycolysis, AK2 silencing prevents T-ALL metabolic adaptation, resulting in dramatic apoptosis. Altogether, we pinpoint AK2 as a genuine and promising therapeutic target in T-ALL.
InvasiveAspergillusStomatitis in Patients with Acute Leukemia: Report of 12 Cases (2001)

An 8-year retrospective analysis of invasive Aspergillus stomatitis in neutropenic patients with acute leukemia was performed to characterize the epidemiology and clinical features of the infection. Twelve cases of invasive Aspergillus stomatitis were identified with both clinicohistological and microbiological evidence, and the majority of cases were caused by Aspergillus flavus (10 [83%] of 12 patients). The infection was strongly suspected when a neutropenic patient developed persistent fever without a known source, symptoms of gingival pain and facial swelling, and a solitary ulcerating lesion of mucogingiva covered with a gray necrotic pseudomembrane. Aspergillus stomatitis was diagnosed a median 23 days after admission. In all 12 patients, the diagnosis was made during the period of neutropenia. Ten patients (83%) were treated with amphotericin B and surgery and survived with recovery of neutrophils. Two patients died, and disseminated aspergillosis was identified in 1 patient.
Catalytic aziridination and epoxidation of alkenes using modified microporous and mesoporous materials (2001)

The immobilisation of enantioselective homogeneous catalysts is described using an approach in which cations are immobilised by ion-exchange within a microporous (zeolite Y) or a mesoporous material (Al-MCM-41). The catalysts are used under nonaqueous conditions so that cation leaching is minimised during the catalytic reaction. The cations can be modified using chiral ligands to form an enantioselective catalyst that is wholly heterogeneous and can be readily reused. Using this approach it is shown that copper-exchanged zeolite Y is a highly active catalyst for the aziridination of alkenes. Modification using bis(oxazolines) leads to the formation of an enantioselective aziridination catalyst. Using a similar approach, manganese-exchanged Al-MCM-41 modified with a chiral salen ligand is found to be an effective enantioselective heterogeneous epoxidation catalyst for cis-stilbene. The approach is also used to show that immobilisation of cobalt-exchanged Al-MCM-41 can also give some activity for the enantio selective epoxidation of cis-stilbene. However, in this case, although only low enantioselection is observed, the immobilised catalyst gives higher enantioselection than the non-immobilised homogeneous catalyst.
Isolation and Characterization of Conopeptides by High-performance Liquid Chromatography Combined with Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (1996)

The sensitivity of mass spectrometry combined with the separatory power of high-performance liquid chromatography was used to investigate the venom of individual cone shells. This analysis has revealed that cone venoms contain a complex mixture of peptides which vary quantitatively and qualitatively both between and within species. A differential alkylation procedure followed by tandem mass spectrometric analysis can be used to determine the disulfide bond connectivity in these small, cysteine-rich peptides.
Consumer food safety perceptions of ready-to-eat deli foods in northwest Arkansas (2010)

Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are convenient and have increased in popularity over the past 20 years. Questions about the safety of RTE foods arose after numerous outbreaks of Listeria mono-cytogenes were linked to the consumption of RTE foods, mostly deli meats. To assess current consumers’ food safety perceptions well shopping preferences in Northwest Arkansas, 213 consumers were surveyed. Consumers responded that the primary reasons for purchasing deli foods were convenience (37%), taste (32%) and nutritional value (11%). Most of the respondents (68%) believed that deli foods are more nutritious restaurant foods. A majority responded that deli foods are safe as (66%) or “safer than” (32%) restaurant foods. The food safety perception depended on shopping frequency at delis well formal education level. With an increasing frequency of shopping at stand-alone delis, consumers were more likely to perceive deli foods safer than restaurant foods. Consumers with a post-secondary degree were more likely to categorize deli foods safe as restaurant foods. In conclusion, it appears that Northwest Arkansas deli customers generally are not highly concerned about deli food safety and are only marginally aware of risks associated with these products.
Towards a proteomic analysis of atopic dermatitis: A two‐dimensional‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/mass spectrometric analysis of cultured patient‐derived fibroblasts (2004)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease typically characterized by a distribution of eczematous skin lesions with lichenification, pruritic excoriations, and dry skin with wide varieties of pathophysiologic aspects. Recently, AD was divided into extrinsic and intrinsic forms according to the presence or absence of an allergy. We investigated alterations in protein expression in primary cultured AD cells from the patient biopsy samples by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight. In the primary cultured fibroblasts, we obtained 31 candidate proteins from the two-dimensional gel image analysis in which 18 proteins were up-regulated, eight proteins were down-regulated and five proteins were post-translationally modified. From these 2-DE results, we found several candidate genes matched proteomic expression patterns by semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR. Since the exact mechanism of atopic alterations in fibroblasts remains unknown, our results may provide new clues to aid in understanding AD.
Real time head tracking and face and eyes detection (2004)

This paper presents a novel algorithm to detect face and eyes in a reliable manner with a stereo camera. With the combination of stereo tracking method for object detection and tracking and structure-based method and example-based learning approach for face detection a real time and robust system is built. Human head detection is implemented with a stereo vision system, where a layered scenery is obtained from the depth image. With head-shoulder contour model applied to the disparity image, a fast head detection algorithm is developed. On the head detected, which also tells the rough scale of it, a hybrid face detection algorithm is proposed for face pattern detection and eyes location. By applying the face structure model and facial components model, face candidates in images are obtained for the later validating of face pattern. The support vector machine (SVM) is adopted here to select the good samples that form a classification boundary to classify face and non-face patterns.
Nuclear factor kB: Regulation and role in disease (2003)

Contributors. Preface. Activators and Target Genes of Rel/NF-kappaB Transcription Factors - From Bench to Bedside T. Loop, H.L. Pahl. NF-kappaB Activation by Tumor Necrosis Factor and Interleukin-1 I. Carpentier, S. Janssens, K. Heyninck, R. Beyaert. NF-kappaB Activation by CARD Proteins J.-L. Poyet, E.S. Alnemri. Viruses as Intruders in the Rel/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway T.D. Gilmore, G. Mosialos. The IkappaB Kinase (IKK) Complex U. Senftleben, M. Karin. The Role of Ubiquitin in NF-kappaB Signaling L. Deng, Z.J. Chen. New Insights into the Regulation of NF-kappaB - Roles for Phosphorylation and Acetylation of NF-kappaB Subunits A. O'Mahony, L.F. Chen, W.C. Greene. The Structural Biology of NF-kappaB T. Huxford, G. Ghosh. Tools to Interfere with NF-kappaB Activation Y. Yamamoto, U.N. Verma, R.B. Gaynor. Regulation of NF-kappaB by Glucocorticoids K. De Bosscher, W. Vanden Berghe, G. Haegeman. Genetic Analysis of NF-kappaB-dependent Signaling Pathways in Mammalian Cells X. Li, G.R. Stark. Delineation of NF-kappaB Signaling by Gene Targeting N. Suzuki, M. Bonnard, S. Suzuki, W.-C. Yeh. The Role of NF-kappaB in Inflammatory Diseases E. Andreakos, I. Udalova, S. Sacre, B.M. Foxwell. NF-kappaB in Genetic Disorders G. Courtois, A. Israel. NF-kappaB in the Vascular System R. De Martin. NF-kappaB in T-lymphocyte Biology O. Dienz, S. Bacher, M.L. Schmitz. NF-kappaB in the Nervous System B. Kaltschmidt, C. Kaltschmidt. NF-kappaB in Oncogenesis and as a Target for Cancer Therapy A.S. Baldwin Jr. Control of Immunity by Rel Proteins in Drosophila P. Georgel. Index.
Modeling of transfer phenomena on heterogeneous Ziegler catalysts. II. Experimental investigation of intraparticle mass transfer resistance during the polymerization of ethylene in slurry (1996)

An experimental investigation of mass transfer limitations on a single batch of high activity, heterogeneous catalysts used in the slurry polymerization of ethylene is presented. The viscosity of the continuous phase was varied, using trace amounts of inert copolymer in order to reduce the monomer diffusivity, and the activity levels were varied using hexene as an activator. These changes were intended to clearly identify situations in which the polymerization becomes mass-transfer-limited due to diffusion resistance in the pores of the catalyst. Increasing the observed activity of the catalyst from approximately 9000 to 40,000 grams of polymer per gram of catalyst per hour (g/g/h) revealed no evidence of mass transfer resistance, even when the diffusivity of the monomer in solution was reduced by a factor of six. Analysis of the molecular weight as a function of particle size supported this conclusion but did suggest that there might be slight chemical differences between large and small particles. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 to CO by polypyridyl ruthenium complexes (2011)

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO(2) by [Ru(tpy)(bpy)(solvent)](2+) (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine) and its structural analogs is initiated by sequential 1e(-) reductions at the tpy and bpy ligands followed by rate limiting CO(2) addition to give a metallocarboxylate intermediate. It undergoes further reduction and loss of CO.
Cloning of zebrafishvsx1: Expression of apaired-like homeobox gene during CNS development (1998)

vsx1 is a homeobox gene encoding a paired-type homeodomain and a CVC domain that was originally cloned from an adult goldfish retinal library. We previously reported the spatiotemporal expression pattern of vsx1 in the adult and developing retina of zebrafish and goldfish, and we suggested that vsx1 plays a role in determining the cell fate and maintenance of retinal interneurons. Other related genes encoding a CVC domain, such as vsx2 (alx) and chx10, are expressed both within and outside the retina during development. In this study, we report the cloning of zebrafish vsx1 and its developmental expression in both retinal and nonretinal regions of the CNS in zebrafish embryos. vsx1 expression was detected in a subset of hindbrain and spinal cord neurons before it was expressed in the retina. At about the same time that retinal expression began, the level of vsx1 was decreased in the spinal cord. The expression of vsx1 was progressively restricted, and eventually it was detected only in the inner nuclear layer (INL) of the developing retina. The combined expression patterns of teleost vsx1 and vsx2 (alx) during early zebrafish development encompasses the expression pattern observed for murine Chx10, and indicates a partitioning of function for CVC genes in lower vertebrates.
Elevated tryptase levels selectively cluster in myeloid neoplasms: a novel diagnostic approach and screen marker in clinical haematology (2009)

In summary, tryptase is a new diagnostic marker of myeloid neoplasms and a useful test in clinical haematology.
Classification of munition fill using laser acoustics (1997)

Identification of a munition fill is easier if one can determine if there is fill material present (empty versus full), and if so, the phase (solid or liquid) of the fill. Previous munition inspection efforts by the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) determined that resonance information could determine the fill. A portable, noncontacting laser-acoustic system was developed by INEEL that uses a low-power laser system to measure the container`s vibration characteristics in response to an acoustic excitation. These vibration characteristics were shown to be functions of the fill material and munition geometry. The laser acoustic system was used to characterize the fill of over one hundred 155-mm munitions. Additional research and development using this system is being performed for the Mobile Munitions Assessment System.
Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids (2019)

In this letter, we report on the ability of functional fusion proteins presenting a lytic gamma peptide, to promote interactions with HeLa cells and delivery of large hybrid nanostructures.
Photonic crystal fiber based ultra-broadband transmission system for waveband division multiplexing (2011)

To open up new optical frequency resources available for optical communications, the concept of all-band photonics has been proposed, which is based on the utilization of broadband of optical frequencies from 1- to 2-&mu;m waveband as a novel photonic band for photonic transmission. In this study, an ultra-broadband photonic transport system was developed by employing a long-distance holey-fiber transmission line to simultaneously use the new 1-&#956;m waveband (Tband) and a conventional waveband. We successfully demonstrate the use of a photonic transport system to achieve simultaneous 3x10-Gbps error-free optical data transmissions for waveband division multiplexing of the 1-&mu;m waveband, C-band, and L-band.
Camouflage: Memory Traffic Shaping to Mitigate Timing Attacks (2017)

Information leaks based on timing side channels in computing devices have serious consequences for user security and privacy. In particular, malicious applications in multi-user systems such as data centers and cloud-computing environments can exploit memory timing as a side channel to infer a victim's program access patterns/phases. Memory timing channels can also be exploited for covert communications by an adversary. We propose Camouflage, a hardware solution to mitigate timing channel attacks not only in the memory system, but also along the path to and from the memory system (e.g. NoC, memory scheduler queues). Camouflage introduces the novel idea of shaping memory requests' and responses' interarrival time into a pre-determined distribution for security purposes, even creating additional fake traffic if needed. This limits untrusted parties (either cloud providers or coscheduled clients) from inferring information from another security domain by probing the bus to and from memory, or analyzing memory response rate. We design three different memory traffic shaping mechanisms for different security scenarios by having Camouflage work on requests, responses, and bi-directional (both) traffic. Camouflage is complementary to ORAMs and can be optionally used in conjunction with ORAMs to protect information leaks via both memory access timing and memory access patterns. Camouflage offers a tunable trade-off between system security and system performance. We evaluate Camouflage's security and performance both theoretically and via simulations, and find that Camouflage outperforms state-of-the-art solutions in performance by up to 50%.
Mechanical behavior in living cells consistent with the tensegrity model (2001)

Alternative models of cell mechanics depict the living cell as a simple mechanical continuum, porous filament gel, tensed cortical membrane, or tensegrity network that maintains a stabilizing prestress through incorporation of discrete structural elements that bear compression. Real-time microscopic analysis of cells containing GFP-labeled microtubules and associated mitochondria revealed that living cells behave like discrete structures composed of an interconnected network of actin microfilaments and microtubules when mechanical stresses are applied to cell surface integrin receptors. Quantitation of cell tractional forces and cellular prestress by using traction force microscopy confirmed that microtubules bear compression and are responsible for a significant portion of the cytoskeletal prestress that determines cell shape stability under conditions in which myosin light chain phosphorylation and intracellular calcium remained unchanged. Quantitative measurements of both static and dynamic mechanical behaviors in cells also were consistent with specific a priori predictions of the tensegrity model. These findings suggest that tensegrity represents a unified model of cell mechanics that may help to explain how mechanical behaviors emerge through collective interactions among different cytoskeletal filaments and extracellular adhesions in living cells.
Fibritary (2019)

The development of personal fabrication technologies has enabled end users to model and prototype desired objects. 3D printing technologies have eased our access to solid models, however, it is still a challenge to develop thin fibers rapidly at personal levels that may help enriching textures of models. We propose a system and method inspired by cotton candy making, which uses rotary jet-spinning to extract thin plastic fibers at high speed. We report our exploration of the proposed method where we studied various plastic materials, the effects of the rotation speed, and the hole size of the fiber exit. The method allows plastic fibers to be extracted at micro-scale, and we propose various examples of use cases. Our approach can be used in combination with traditional 3D printing techniques, where soft and/or hairy models are required to design the texture of a 3D model.
THE ENVIRONMENT CREATED BY AN OPEN-AIR SOLID ROCKET PROPELLANT FIRE (2007)

Abstract A 91 kg (200 lbm) block of aluminized solid rocket propellant was burned in open air to simulate an accidental propellant fire. A suite of remote optical instruments measured the temperature and radiative properties of the plume. Solid molybdenum calorimeters provided data for heat flux estimates. Various refractory oxide and metallic witness samples placed in the fire provided temperature benchmarks and insight into how such samples may be dispersed by the fire. A thermochemical analysis assessed the overall energy balance. The results indicate that temperatures reached 3000±100 K and heat fluxes reached 200±80 W/cm2 under the propellant, which burned for 120 s, creating a severe environment.
End-to-End ASR-Free Keyword Search From Speech (2017)

Conventional keyword search (KWS) systems for speech databases match the input text query to the set of word hypotheses generated by an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system from utterances in the database. Hence, such KWS systems attempt to solve the complex problem of ASR as a precursor. Training an ASR system itself is a time-consuming process requiring transcribed speech data. Our prior work presented an ASR-free end-to-end system that needed minimal supervision and trained significantly faster than an ASR-based KWS system. The ASR-free KWS system consisted of three subsystems. The first subsystem was a recurrent neural network based acoustic encoder that extracted a finite-dimensional embedding of the speech utterance. The second subsystem was a query encoder that produced an embedding of the input text query. The acoustic and query embeddings were input to a feedforward neural network that predicted whether the query occurred in the acoustic utterance or not. This paper extends our prior work in several ways. First, we significantly improve upon our previous ASR-free KWS results by nearly 20% relative through improvements to the acoustic encoder. Next, we show that it is possible to train the acoustic encoder on languages other than the language of interest with only a small drop in KWS performance. Finally, we attempt to predict the location of the detected keywords by training a location-sensitive KWS network.
Distinct roles of resident and nonresident macrophages in nonischemic cardiomyopathy (2018)

Nonischemic cardiomyopathy (NICM) resulting from long-standing hypertension, valvular disease, and genetic mutations is a major cause of heart failure worldwide. Recent observations suggest that myeloid cells can impact cardiac function, but the role of tissue-intrinsic vs. tissue-extrinsic myeloid cells in NICM remains poorly understood. Here, we show that cardiac resident macrophage proliferation occurs within the first week following pressure overload hypertrophy (POH; a model of heart failure) and is requisite for the heart's adaptive response. Mechanistically, we identify Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) as a key transcription factor that regulates cardiac resident macrophage proliferation and angiogenic activities. Finally, we show that blood-borne macrophages recruited in late-phase POH are detrimental, and that blockade of their infiltration improves myocardial angiogenesis and preserves cardiac function. These observations demonstrate previously unappreciated temporal and spatial roles for resident and nonresident macrophages in the development of heart failure.