gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical performance of cold-curing epoxy adhesives after different mixing and curing procedures (2016)

This paper presents strength, stiffness, and porosity characteristics of commercially available cold-curing epoxy adhesives for structural engineering applications in the field of externally bonded and/or near-surface mounted composite strip reinforcements. Depending on specific requirements, accelerated curing of the adhesive under high temperatures might be necessary. Experimental investigations aimed at assessing the possible differences in strength and stiffness between samples cured at elevated temperatures for a defined time span and the ones cured at room temperature. It could be demonstrated that for the same specimen age, nominal tensile strength and stiffness are lower after an initial accelerated curing process at elevated temperatures. Furthermore, it could be shown that the specimens after an accelerated curing at elevated temperatures exhibited an increased porosity. The development of a numerical code for image analysis allowed a detailed inspection of several fracture surfaces and subsequently to assess the level of decrease in available cross-section due to an increased overall porosity. Cross-section area losses in the range of 10–15% compared to the reference specimens could be deduced. The subsequent derivation of the actual tensile strength exhibits smaller differences between the room and high temperature exposed specimens while curing. Regardless of the short-term material strength, the observed porosity might be subject of important durability issues on a long-term and needs further investigation.
Evaluation of heart tissue viability under redox‐magnetohydrodynamics conditions: Toward fine‐tuning flow in biological microfluidics applications (2012)

A microfluidic system containing a chamber for heart tissue biopsies, perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing glucose and antibiotic (KHGB) using peristaltic pumps and continuously stimulated, was used to evaluate tissue viability under redox-magnetohydrodynamics (redox-MHD) conditions. Redox-MHD possesses unique capabilities to control fluid flow using ionic current from oxidation and reduction processes at electrodes in a magnetic field, making it attractive to fine-tune fluid flow around tissues for "tissue-on-a-chip" applications. The manuscript describes a parallel setup to study two tissue samples simultaneously, and 6-min static incubation with Triton X100. Tissue viability was subsequently determined by assaying perfusate for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, where LDH serves as an injury marker. Incubation with KHGB containing 5 mM hexaammineruthenium(III) (ruhex) redox species with and without a pair of NdFeB magnets (∼ 0.39 T, placed parallel to the chamber) exhibited no additional tissue insult. MHD fluid flow, viewed by tracking microbeads with microscopy, occurred only when the magnet was present and stimulating electrodes were activated. Pulsating MHD flow with a frequency similar to the stimulating waveform was superimposed over thermal convection (from a hotplate) for Triton-KHGB, but fluid speed was up to twice as fast for ruhex-Triton-KHGB. A large transient ionic current, achieved when switching on the stimulating electrodes, generates MHD perturbations visible over varying peristaltic flow. The well-controlled flow methodology of redox-MHD is applicable to any tissue type, being useful in various drug uptake and toxicity studies, and can be combined equally with on- or off-device analysis modalities.
Efficient, Flexible, and Ultra‐Lightweight Inverted PbS Quantum Dots Solar Cells on All‐CVD‐Growth of Parylene/Graphene/oCVD PEDOT Substrate with High Power‐per‐Weight (2020)

Abstract Ultra‐lightweight and flexible solar cells are desired for many potential applications, such as self‐powered aviation, wearable electronics, and the Internet of things. PbS quantum dots (QDs) are good candidates for this purpose due to their low‐cost and low‐temperature processing. In this work, a thin layer of parylene (1 µm) is deposited on a poly(ethylene teraphthalate) (PET) substrate using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and is employed as a flexible substrate for PbS QDs solar cell. Here, the commonly used ITO electrode in the QDs photovoltaics (PVs) is replaced by CVD‐graphene and its wettability issue is addressed using a thin layer of oxidative CVD poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) (oCVD PEDOT), which also works as second hole transporting layer in the device. Inverted PbS QDs device is fabricated on PET/parylene/graphene/oCVD PEDOT stack and finally by removing the PET substrate, an ultra‐lightweight PbS QDs solar cell is achieved. Using this architecture, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.1% and a power‐per‐weight of 12.3 W g −1 are achieved. Additionally, the QDs device on graphene shows good flexibility as compared to the device on PET/ITO. This work highlights the advantages of oCVD PEDOT and CVD‐graphene for the fabrication of flexible and ultralight weight photostatics.
Stereoscopic 3D display with color interlacing improves perceived depth (2014)

Temporal interlacing is a method for presenting stereoscopic 3D content whereby the two eyes' views are presented at different times and optical filtering selectively delivers the appropriate view to each eye. This approach is prone to distortions in perceived depth because the visual system can interpret the temporal delay between binocular views as spatial disparity. We propose a novel color-interlacing display protocol that reverses the order of binocular presentation for the green primary but maintains the order for the red and blue primaries: During the first sub-frame, the left eye sees the green component of the left-eye view and the right eye sees the red and blue components of the right-eye view, and vice versa during the second sub-frame. The proposed method distributes the luminance of each eye's view more evenly over time. Because disparity estimation is based primarily on luminance information, a more even distribution of luminance over time should reduce depth distortion. We conducted a psychophysical experiment to test these expectations and indeed found that less depth distortion occurs with color interlacing than temporal interlacing.
C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 drives protective immunity by mediating alveolar macrophage localization in tuberculosis granulomas (2018)

Abstract C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) axis is a major chemokine axis that recruits myeloid cells including monocytes and macrophages. Thus far, CCR2−/− mice have not been found to be more susceptible to infection with Euro-American lineage 4 strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Here, using a prototype W-Beijing family lineage 2 clinical Mtb strain, HN878, we show that CCR2−/− mice exhibit increased susceptibility to tuberculosis (TB). Following exposure to Mtb HN878, alveolar macrophages (AMs) are amongst the earliest cells infected. Using a novel labeling technique, we show that AMs accumulate early in the airways following Mtb HN878 infection and express CCR2. During disease progression, CCR2-expressing AMs exit the airways and localize within the TB granulomas to mediate protective immunity. RNA-sequencing of sorted airway and non-airway AMs show distinct gene expression profiles, suggesting that upon exit from airways, AMs become classically activated. Furthermore, absence of CCR2+ cells specifically at the time of AM egress from the airways resulted in enhanced susceptibility to Mtb infection, increased accumulation of neutrophils, and loss of Mtb control. Interestingly, we provide new evidence that infection with an Mtb strain HN878 mutant lacking phenolic glycolipid (PGL) expression still resulted in increased susceptibility in CCR2−/− mice. Together, our data provide novel evidence for a critical protective role for CCR2 in AM localization within the TB granulomas to mediate protective immunity against clinically relevant and emerging Mtb infections.
Rapid magnetic resonance-guided near-infrared mapping to image pulsatile hemoglobin in the breast (2010)

A near-IR (NIR) tomography system with spectral-encoded sources was built to quantify the temporal contrast in human breast tissue using guidance from magnetic resonance imaging. The systems were integrated with a custom breast coil interface to provide simultaneous acquisition. The NIR signal was synchronized to simultaneous finger pulse oximeter plethysmogram, which offered a frequency reference. A 0.1 s temporal delay of the absorption pulse within adipose tissue relative to fibroglandular tissue was found, in an initial human study, showing the potential for novel contrast imaging of fast flow signals in deep tissue.
Optimization of Conditions for Photoproduction of Ammonia from Nitrate by Anacystis nidulans (1982)

The effect of several relevant environmental factors influencing the photoproduction of ammonia from nitrate by Anacystis nidulans cells treated with the glutamine synthetase inhibitor l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine has been investigated. The optimal ratio between l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine concentration (micro-molar) and cell density (micrograms of chlorophyll per milliliter) was around 1, the process taking place at maximal rate at a temperature of about 40 degrees C, within the pH range of 7 to 10. Ammonia production was stimulated by CO(2) or bicarbonate and was not affected by the accumulation of ammonia in the medium up to concentrations of 30 mM. The rate of ammonia production was found to be determined by the interaction of at least four factors, namely, irradiance and the density, depth, and turbulence of the cell suspension. Ammonia photoproduction from nitrate and water represents an interesting process for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy, which can operate at high efficiency, around 30% of its theoretical maximum.
Optical process monitoring in Laser Powder Bed Fusion using a recoater-based line camera (2021)

The multitude of influences on the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) process and local deviations from the intended process conditions can lead to the occurrence of quality deviations. The cyclic nature of the process could enable in-situ process monitoring systems to detect those deviations and to reduce the need for post-process quality control or even prevent defects by utilizing the extracted data for closed-loop or intermittent control. Most existing approaches are focused on the thermal observation of the melt pool or use matrix cameras to view the solidified material from fixed positions. This work presents an approach for in-situ process monitoring by leveraging the process-inherent recoater movement to obtain highly resolving images of the complete process area with a recoater-based line camera. A monitoring system is designed and integrated into a LPBF-machine. The system is calibrated and benchmarked to obtain images with a width of 97.67 mm at a resolution of 5.97 µm/px and a recoater speed of up to 100 mm/s. Details as small as 12.40 µm can be identified according to a USAF1951 test and the focal depth is sufficient to encompass the whole process area (part surface & powder) of a typical LPBF process. Samples with varied conditions are produced and layer-wise images are acquired to evaluate the potential of the system under actual process conditions. Features relating to the brightness and periodicity of the images are defined and extracted from the image data. The relationships between the extracted features on the one hand and the laser power, scanning speed, layer thickness, shielding gas flow and laser defocus on the other hand are investigated and correlations are found. Overall, the findings indicate a high potential of the investigated system for the detection of deviations in the LPBF process and its future application for in-situ quality control.
Discovery of PEGylated 6-Benzhydryl-4-amino-quinazolines as Peripherally Restricted CB1R Inverse Agonists (2020)

The 6-benzhydryl-4-amino-quinolin-2-ones are peripherally restricted CB<sub>1</sub> receptor inverse agonists (CB<sub>1</sub>RIAs) that have been reported to attenuate obesity and improve insulin sensitivity in the diet-induced obese (DIO) mouse model. However, chronic dosing of select compounds from the series showed time-dependent brain accumulation despite a low brain/plasma exposure ratio. To address this issue, a PEGylation approach was employed to identify a novel series of homodimeric 6-benzhydryl-4-amino-quinazoline-PEG conjugates with an extended half-life. The lead compound <b>18</b> engaged peripheral CB<sub>1</sub>Rs in a gastrointestinal (GI) tract motility study and demonstrated a high level of peripheral restriction in a chronic DIO mouse pharmacokinetic study.
Wavelength Optimization in Spectral Near Infrared Tomography (2008)

A method is developed to show that instead of using data from the entire spectrum, only selected spectral bands are required to improve image reconstruction accuracy in spectral diffuse optical tomography.
Abstract A12: Non-small cell lung tumor-derived autoantibodies can distinguish benign from malignant pulmonary nodules (2018)

Abstract High-risk smokers are currently being screened with low-dose CT imaging after the National Lung Screening Trial demonstrated a 20% reduction in lung cancer mortality. Unfortunately, small pulmonary nodules are a common finding in smokers (present in 25-50%), with very few (&amp;lt;2.5%) nodules ultimately determined to be cancer. We observed a 4-fold increase in lung tumor-associated B cells compared to normal lung and hypothesized that lung-tumor derived autoantibodies could be useful biomarkers for malignant nodule diagnosis. We first discovered 13 IgG or IgM autoantibodies found in both non-small cell lung tumor and peripheral plasma (n=10) on a large (~17,000) protein array. These autoantibodies were predominantly absent in plasma from patients with benign nodules (n=10). In the plasma from an expanded nodule positive cohort (n=250) we validated 3/13 autoantibodies on a targeted protein array and 5/13 autoantibodies on a high-density antibody array. By using both antibody arrays (to measure antigen-autoantibody complexes) and protein arrays (to measure free autoantibody), we obtained a comprehensive picture of malignant nodule-associated autoantibodies. When we combine our top two autoantibodies (one free and one complexed with antigen) with two features from CT images, they yield an AUC = 0.92 (72% sensitivity at 90% specificity). These observations indicate that our noninvasive autoantibody biomarkers can increase the diagnostic accuracy of pulmonary nodules identified by CT imaging. Citation Format: Kristin J. Lastwika, Julia Kargl, Yuzheng Zhang, Xiaodong Zhu, David Shelley, Edward Lo, Wei Wu, Sudhakar N. Pipavath, Paul E. Kinahan, A. McGarry Houghton, Paul D. Lampe. Non-small cell lung tumor-derived autoantibodies can distinguish benign from malignant pulmonary nodules [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fifth AACR-IASLC International Joint Conference: Lung Cancer Translational Science from the Bench to the Clinic; Jan 8-11, 2018; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(17_Suppl):Abstract nr A12.
A novel self-excited ZVS half-bridge converter with energy stored transformer and capacitor : Powering the broadband network (2004)

This paper presents a novel self-excited ZVS half-bridge converter. This converter including a self-oscillating control circuit is very simply constructed. The converter achieves excellent efficiency, low voltage stress across the switches and low EMI noise by using zero-voltage-switching technique. This converter stores not only magnetic energy in the primary winding of the transformer but also electrostatic energy on the resonant capacitor during the on-periods, so that the converter realizes the miniaturization of the transformer, the reduced conduction losses and the low current stress in the switch. This paper analyses the behavior of static characteristics by using an extending state-space-averaging method and presents design equations. Based on the analysis, two prototype converters are designed for a 120 W output and a 350 W output. Experimental results are given for two converters and they confirm the validity of the theory. The proposed converters have displayed excellent performance.
Polarization-Independent Thermooptic Phase Shifters in Silicon–Oxynitride Waveguides (2004)

The effective refractive index of dielectric waveguides can be tuned using the thermooptic effect. In general, the tuning efficiency is polarization-dependent owing to temperature-induced stress in the layers, which causes polarization-dependent loss in optical devices. These stress issues are analyzed and tested for a high-index-contrast waveguide structure based on a silicon-oxynitride core. Experimental results are in agreement with simulations. The relative difference in tuning efficiency for transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarized light can be tuned from -3% to +3% by appropriate waveguide technology control. The optimized thermooptic phase shifters show tuning efficiency differences below 0.25%, which are reproducible from wafer to wafer.
Supplementary Information text S1 from Dissecting Therapeutic Resistance to ERK Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Theoretical maximum binding capacity of immobilized ligand&lt;/p&gt;
Impact of downhole pressure and fluid-access on the effectiveness of wellbore cement expansion additives (2021)

Autogenous shrinkage of wellbore cement widely impairs zonal isolation. MgO-based cement expansion additives (CEAs) can mitigate this shrinkage, or even impart net expansion, by creating porosity through displacive crystal growth-processes. However, both MgO hydration and autogenous shrinkage behaviour depend strongly on stress state. Evaluation of CEA performance in wellbore cements therefore requires testing under elevated pressures representative for subsurface environments. We report experiments addressing the chemical and bulk volume changes that occur in cement hydrating at 10 MPa confining pressure and 90 °C. Volumetric response was investigated as function of MgO concentration, external water supply, and pore pressure decrease through water consumption during reaction. Results show the bulk expansion achieved using MgO-based CEAs diminishes markedly with increasing effective confining pressure or, equivalently, upon restricting fluid supply. This reduced expansion-potential under pressure has profound implications for slurry design, notably regarding CEA-concentrations required to counteract micro-annulus formation while maintaining low cement permeability.
Relative Underestimation of Fluid Removal During Hemodialysis Hypotension Measured by Whole Body Bioimpedance (1998)

Whole body bioimpedance is considered helpful in monitoring the removal of excess body water by ultrafiltration in hemodialysis patients. In this study, the cumulative, estimated decrease in extracellular volume (V(est)) modeled from whole body bioimpedance data was compared with measured volume (Vmeas) removed by ultrafiltration (UFR = 1.01 +/- 0.31 L/hr) in 12 patients during 36 high efficiency hemodialysis treatments. In the mean, estimated (V(est) = 3.0 +/- 1.4 L) and measured volumes (Vmeas = 3.4 +/- 1.1 L) correlated linearly: V(est) = 1.05 x Vmeas - 0.60, r2 = 0.68. Patients developed hypotension in half the treatments. Except for a larger decrease in systolic blood pressures in hypotensive (34 +/- 24 mmHg) vs. stable (14 +/- 15 mmHg) treatments, patient and treatment characteristics were not different between groups. However, at the end of hemodialysis, the difference V(est) - Vmeas was -0.8 +/- 0.9 L in hypotensive, and only 0.1 +/- 0.4 L in stable patients (p < 0.05). The difference between V(est) and Vmeas can be explained by a predominant removal of excess body water from central body compartments such as the trunk and the central blood volume during hypotension. These compartments are not adequately measured by whole body bioimpedance techniques. However, this information could be helpful in identifying patients with delayed peripheral fluid removal that may occur when either target weight is too low or UFR rates are too high.
Spectral-Based Six-Color Separation Minimizing Metamerism (2000)

A spectral-based six-color printer model was derived in determining the six color separations for an input spectral image that yields the least metameric reproduction relative to the original. Confined by the ink-trapping limitation, the six-color halftone printer modeling effort is a union of ten four-color halftone printer modeling efforts in addition to a four-ink selector. The four-ink selector defines a set of the best four inks providing the closest spectral fit to an input pixel requiring reproduction in a continuous tone approximated space. Then the four-ink backward halftone printer model corresponding to the selected ink set for an input pixel calculates the ink amount in terms of fractional dot areas for synthesizing the pixel. This completes the proposed spectral six-color separation algorithm.This article will discuss the construction of the four-ink selector, approaches on dividing the six-color printer model into ten four-color printer models, performance in terms of colorimetric and spectral accuracy of the model, and, finally, the colorimetric and spectral performance comparison between the proposed six-color and conventional four-color printer models.
„Neues und Kontroverses zur Blutglukosemessung bei der Diabetesdiagnostik: Konsequenzen der aktualisierten DDG- und AWMF-Leitlinien“/“Blood glucose measurement for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus: new and controversial consequences of updated DDG and AWMF guidelines” (2012)

Zusammenfassung Für die Durchführung und Bewertung der Blutglukose (BG)-Messung bei der primären Diabetesdiagnostik sind neue DDG (Deutsche Diabetes-Gesellschaft)- und AWMF (Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften)-Leitlinien-Standards festgelegt worden. Diese betreffen folgende Bereiche: Abgrenzung zur HbA 1c -Messung; diagnostische BG-Grenzwerte nur noch aus venösem Plasma mit Ausschluss von Kapillarblut; präanalytisch optimierte Glykolysehemmung als sofortige, patientennahe Glukosemessung. Erstmals sind BG-Messungen auch mit geeigneten Unit-Use-Reagenzien und zugehörigen Messsystemen durchführbar, einschließlich externer Qualitätssicherung auch im niedergelassenen Bereich. Die Leitlinien gelten aber nur bei Screening und Diagnostik des Gestationsdiabetes (GDM). Mit dem aktuellen Beschluss des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses, generell bei allen Schwangeren die Durchführung der GDM-Diagnostik auf Kosten der Krankenkassen zu empfehlen, ist bei über 600.000 Schwangeren/Jahr in Deutschland zu erwarten, dass dieses diagnostische Prozedere nach den neuen Leitlinienvorgaben deutlich ausgeweitet werden wird. Bei der Umsetzung des Beschlusses des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses wird die Kompetenz der Labormedizin nicht nur im analytischen, sondern auch im präanalytisch-logistischen Bereich bei der Zusammenarbeit mit den niedergelassenen Ärzten einzusetzen sein.