gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
iBodies: Modular Synthetic Antibody Mimetics Based on Hydrophilic Polymers Decorated with Functional Moieties (2016)

Abstract Antibodies are indispensable tools for biomedicine and anticancer therapy. Nevertheless, their use is compromised by high production costs, limited stability, and difficulty of chemical modification. The design and preparation of synthetic polymer conjugates capable of replacing antibodies in biomedical applications such as ELISA, flow cytometry, immunocytochemistry, and immunoprecipitation is reported. The conjugates, named “iBodies”, consist of an HPMA copolymer decorated with low‐molecular‐weight compounds that function as targeting ligands, affinity anchors, and imaging probes. We prepared specific conjugates targeting several proteins with known ligands and used these iBodies for enzyme inhibition, protein isolation, immobilization, quantification, and live‐cell imaging. Our data indicate that this highly modular and versatile polymer system can be used to produce inexpensive and stable antibody substitutes directed toward virtually any protein of interest with a known ligand.
GESIAP: A Versatile Genetically Encoded Sensor-based Image Analysis Program (2022)

Intercellular communication mediated by a large number of neuromodulators diversifies physiological actions, yet neuromodulation remains poorly understood despite the recent upsurge of genetically encoded transmitter sensors. Here, we report the development of a versatile genetically encoded sensor-based image analysis program (GESIAP) that utilizes MATLAB-based algorithms to achieve high-throughput, high-resolution processing of sensor-based functional imaging data. GESIAP enables delineation of fundamental properties (e.g., transmitter spatial diffusion extent, quantal size, quantal content, release probability, pool size, and refilling rate at single release sites) of transmission mediated by various transmitters (i.e., monoamines, acetylcholine, neuropeptides, and glutamate) at various cell types (i.e., neurons, astrocytes, and other non-neuronal cells) of various animal species (i.e., mouse, rat, and human). Our analysis appraises a dozen of newly developed transmitter sensors, validates a conserved model of restricted non-volume neuromodulatory synaptic transmission, and accentuates a broad spectrum of presynaptic release properties that variegate neuromodulation.
Approaching the Quantum "Limit" for Force Detection (1981)

A system is proposed for detecting the effect of a weak classical force on a macroscopic mechanical oscillator. The novel feature is a type of ac bridge coupled to a SQUID amplifier. A detailed sensitivity calculation for one type of bridge excitation is reported which shows what is required to reach the standard quantum "limit." Another type of excitation should make it a "back-action evasion" device capable of exceeding the standard quantum "limit".
Dendritic Cells and Monocytes as Accessory Cells in T‐Cell Responses in Man (1985)

A method is described for simple and rapid preparation of human dendritic cells (DC) and monocytes (Mo) from peripheral blood. The phenotype of enriched DC and Mo was determined and compared by means of a panel of monoclonal antibodies (Mab's). The distribution and quantitative expression of HLA class II molecules encoded by the subloci DP, DQ, and DR were the same on the two cell types. During in vitro culture a rapid decrease of class II antigens on Mo was observed, whereas the expression of class II antigens on DC was relatively stable. The absence of monocyte markers on DC may indicate that this cell type does not belong to the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage. The phenotypic analysis shows that peripheral blood DC also lack differentiation antigens expressed by epidermal Langerhans cells (OKT6) and lymph node follicular dendritic reticulum cells (DRC-1). The relationship between peripheral blood DC and tissue-localized DC thus remains unsolved. With relatively high numbers of DC now available, production of DC lineage-specific Mab's may be approached.
Coherent power scaling in photonic crystal surface emitting laser arrays (2021)

A key benefit of photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) is the ability to increase output power through scaling the emission area while maintaining high quality single mode emission, allowing them to close the brightness gap which exists between semiconductor lasers and gas and fiber lasers. However, there are practical limits to the size, and hence power, of an individual PCSEL device, and there are trade-offs between single-mode stability and parasitic in-plane losses with increasing device size. In this paper, we discuss 2D coherent arrays as an approach to area and coherent power scaling of PCSELs. We demonstrate in two and three element PCSEL arrays an increase in the differential efficiency of the system due to a reduction in in-plane loss.
Acute Preconditioning of Cardiac Progenitor Cells with Hydrogen Peroxide Enhances Angiogenic Pathways Following Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2013)

There are a limited number of therapies available to prevent heart failure following myocardial infarction. One novel therapy that is currently being pursued is the implantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs); however, their responses to oxidative stress during differentiation have yet to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment on CPC differentiation in vitro, as well as the effect of H2O2 preconditioning before implantation following ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. CPCs were isolated and cloned from adult rat hearts, and then cultured in the absence or presence of H2O2 for 2 or 5 days. CPC survival was assessed with Annexin V, and cellular differentiation was evaluated through mRNA expression for cardiogenic genes. We found that 100 μM H2O2 decreased serum withdrawal-induced apoptosis by at least 45% following both 2 and 5 days of treatment. Moreover, 100 μM H2O2 treatment for 2 days significantly increased endothelial and smooth muscle markers compared to time-matched untreated CPCs. However, continued H2O2 treatment significantly decreased these markers. Left ventricular cardiac function was assessed 28 days after I/R and I/R with the implantation of Luciferase/GFP(+) CPCs, which were preconditioned with 100 μM H2O2 for 2 days. Hearts implanted with Luciferase/GFP(+) CPCs had significant improvement in both positive and negative dP/dT over I/R. Furthermore, cardiac fibrosis was significantly decreased in the preconditioned cells versus both I/R alone and I/R with control cells. We also observed a significant increase in endothelial cell density in the preconditioned CPC hearts compared to untreated CPC hearts, which also coincided with a higher density of Luciferase(+) vessels. These findings suggest that preconditioning of CPCs with H2O2 for 2 days stimulates neoangiogenesis in the peri-infarct area following I/R injury and could be a viable therapeutic option to prevent heart failure.
Abstract C100: Identification and functional characterization of a novel GLI1 splice variant in breast cancer (2020)

Abstract The purpose of this study is to investigate the biologic significance of novel GLI1 splice variants in breast cancer. African American (AA) women suffer a disproportionately high burden of basal-like breast cancer, an aggressive subtype that has no targeted therapy (1). About 15-20% of breast cancers are triple-negative/basal-like, are associated with poor clinical outcomes and show disproportionately higher prevalence in younger women of African descent (2-4). The Hedgehog (Hh)/GLI1 developmental pathway has emerged as a therapeutic target in many cancers, including breast cancer studies from our lab (5, 6). Overexpression of the main Hh transcriptional mediator GLI1, correlates with poor patient prognosis and relapse. The human GLI1 transcript undergoes alternative splicing producing two shorter isoforms, an N-terminal deletion variant (GLI1ΔN) (7) and a truncated GLI1 (tGLI1) (8), which have been reported to have different patterns of tissue expression and function. tGLI1 has been identified as being highly expressed in several cancers, including in breast cancer (9). We performed in silico analysis of the NCBI database for evidence of additional human GLI1 transcripts and identified a novel GLI1 splice variant, GLI1-X2, that has an in-frame deletion of the entire exon 10-zinc finger 5 domain of the GLI1 gene. Our preliminary data show that GLI1-X2 is expressed in basal-like breast cancers at substantially higher levels than GLI1, tGLI1, or GLI1ΔN. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate expression of GLI1-X2 in any model and our findings expand the GLI1 family of zinc finger transcription factors. Our objectives are to examine the expression differences of the GLI1 splice variants in basal-like and luminal breast cancer cell models, AA and White patient samples and to investigate the biologic function of GLI1-X2 in breast cancer. Previous studies report that GLI1ΔN and tGLI1 proteins retain intact functional zinc finger domains. Thus, we hypothesize that the loss of zinc-finger 5 is critical for GLI1-X2's functional role and regulation of downstream target genes in breast cancer. As the biologic significance of GLI1-X2 in normal and cancer biology is unknown, this proposed work is the first to characterize its function and potential role in cancer. Citation Format: Maria S. Dixon, Lhoucine Chdid, David R. Lamson, Michael T. Tarpley, Helen O. Oladapo, Jodie M. Fleming, Jennifer A. Freedman, Gayathri R. Devi, Kevin P. Williams. Identification and functional characterization of a novel GLI1 splice variant in breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2018 Nov 2-5; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020;29(6 Suppl):Abstract nr C100.
A novel self-excited ZVS half-bridge converter (2003)

This paper presents a novel self-excited ZVS half-bridge converter. This converter including a self-oscillating control circuit is very simply constructed. The converter achieves excellent efficiency, low voltage stress across the switches and low EMI noise by using zero-voltage-switching technique. This converter stores not only magnetic energy in the primary winding of the transformer but also electrostatic energy on the resonant capacitor during the on-periods, so that the converter realizes the miniaturization of the transformer, the reduced conduction losses and the low current stress in the switch. This paper analyzes the behavior of static characteristics by using an extending state-space-averaging method and presents design equations. Based on the analysis, two prototype converters are designed for a 120 W output and a 350 W output. Experimental results are given for two converters and they confirm the validity of the theory. The proposed converters have displayed the excellent performances.
Methods for preparation of nanocrystalline rare earth phosphates for lighting applications (2023)

Disclosed here are methods for the preparation of optionally activated nanocrystalline rare earth phosphates. The optionally activated nanocrystalline rare earth phosphates may be used as one or more of quantum-splitting phosphor, visible-light emitting phosphor, vacuum-UV absorbing phosphor, and UV-emitting phosphor. Also disclosed herein are discharge lamps comprising the optionally activated nanocrystalline rare earth phosphates provided by these methods.
Production of polystyrene particles via aerosolization (1995)

Abstract Aerosolization of polystyrene solutions followed by drying in a tubular furnace produced submicron‐sized polystyrene particles. Characterization using x‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) revealed that the particles were amorphous, spherical, and free of residual solvent. The average particle size and size distribution varied with furnace temperature, the initial polystyrene solution concentration, and solvent type. The particles' BET‐based specific surface area depended upon these parameters as well as the carrier gas flow rate. Analysis of the competing rates of convection, solvent evaporation, droplet collisions, and polymer diffusion help to rationalize the results. The dependence of the solvent evaporation rate on temperature controls the particle diameter, but droplet coalescence cannot be ignored. Long residence times and high furnace temperatures softened the particles; after filtration, polymer diffusion between solid particles produced visual evidence of partial coalescence. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
2D Vibrational Exciton Nanoimaging of Domain Formation in Self-Assembled Monolayers (2021)

Order, disorder, and domains affect many of the functional properties in self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). However, carrier transport, wettability, and chemical reactivity are often associated with collective effects, where conventional imaging techniques have limited sensitivity to the underlying intermolecular coupling. Here we demonstrate vibrational excitons as a molecular ruler of intermolecular wave function delocalization and nanodomain size in SAMs. In the model system of a 4-nitrothiophenol (4-NTP) SAM on gold, we resolve coupling-induced peak shifts of the nitro symmetric stretch mode with full spatio-spectral infrared scattering scanning near-field optical microscopy. From modeling of the underlying 2D Hamiltonian, we infer domain sizes and their distribution ranging from 3 to 12 nm across a field of view on the micrometer scale. This approach of vibrational exciton nanoimaging is generally applicable to study structural phases and domains in SAMs and other molecular interfaces.
Unexpectedly High Yield Carbon Nanotube Synthesis from Low-Activity Carbon Feedstocks at High Concentrations (2013)

We report a new direction for highly efficient carbon nanotube (CNT) synthesis where, in place of conventional highly reactive carbon feedstocks at low concentrations, highly stable carbon feedstocks at high concentrations were shown to produce superior yields. We found that a saturated hydrocarbon that is considered to possess a low reactivity, delivered at high concentrations, could achieve an extremely high growth yield (2.5 times that when using ethylene). This result stems from the unique behavior where the CNT yield linearly increased with carbon concentration, in contrast to more reactive carbon feedstocks, where the yield peaks. We propose that the mechanisms for the growth kinetics for high- and low-reactivity carbon feedstocks are fundamentally different, where the latter benefits from a longer catalyst lifetime because of a relatively low production rate of carbon impurities.
Rapid qualitative evaluation of DNA transcription factor NF‐κB by microchip electrophoretic mobility shift assay in mammalian cells (2011)

We have developed a separation technique for DNA-protein complex based on electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) by microchip electrophoresis, which we call microchip electrophoretic mobility shift assay (μEMSA). To evaluate the μEMSA, we employed recombinant human nuclear factor-κB (rhNF-κB) and its consensus double-stranded oligonucleotide (dsOligo) fluorescently labeled with Cy5. We carried out the electrophoretic separation of the consensus dsOligo-rhNF-κB complex and the unbound dsOligo in methylcellulose solution and confirmed rapid (∼200 s) and reliable identification and semi-quantitation of the specific interaction between dsOligo and rhNF-κB. The binding specificity of rhNF-κB was confirmed by introducing non-fluorescently labeled consensus oligonucleotide as a competitor. The progression of the binding reaction under various incubation times was monitored, and it was found that the dsOligo and rhNF-κB complex formation reached equilibrium (ca. 90% of the dsOligo was bound to rhNF-κB) after 5 min. Furthermore, without any purification process, even crude NF-κB in nuclear extracts from HeLa cells was specifically detected within 120 s by the μEMSA.
The survival advantage for haemodialysis patients taking vitamin D is questioned: findings from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (2008)

Vitamin D was associated with a survival benefit in models prone to bias due to unmeasured confounding. In agreement with a meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies, no difference in mortality was observed in instrumental variable models that tend to be more independent of unmeasured confounding. These findings indicate that a randomized controlled trial of vitamin D and clinical outcomes in haemodialysis patients are needed and can be ethically conducted.
Discovery of a Novel Dibromoquinoline Compound Exhibiting Potent Antifungal and Antivirulence Activity That Targets Metal Ion Homeostasis (2018)

Globally, invasive fungal infections pose a significant challenge to modern human medicine due to the limited number of antifungal drugs and the rise in resistance to current antifungal agents. A vast majority of invasive fungal infections are caused by species of Candida, Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus. Novel antifungal molecules consisting of unexploited chemical scaffolds with a unique mechanism are a pressing need. The present study identifies a dibromoquinoline compound (4b) with broad-spectrum antifungal activity that inhibits the growth of pertinent species of Candida (chiefly C. albicans), Cryptococcus, and Aspergillus at a concentration of as low as 0.5 μg/mL. Furthermore, 4b, at a subinhibitory concentration, interfered with the expression of two key virulence factors (hyphae and biofilm formation) involved in C. albicans pathogenesis. Three yeast deletion strains ( cox17Δ, ssa1Δ, and aft2Δ) related to metal ion homeostasis were found to be highly sensitive to 4b in growth assays, indicating that the compound exerts its antifungal effect through a unique, previously unexploited mechanism. Supplementing the media with either copper or iron ions reversed the strain sensitivity to 4b, further corroborating that the compound targets metal ion homeostasis. 4b's potent antifungal activity was validated in vivo, as the compound enhanced the survival of Caenorhabditis elegans infected with fluconazole-resistant C. albicans. The present study indicates that 4b warrants further investigation as a novel antifungal agent.
Induction versus permanent magnet motors (2009)

It is clear that a premium will continue to be placed on energy efficiency in motors. The circumstances around global warming and the availability of future oil supplies only increase the focus on electric motors as key elements in the efficient utilization of energy resources. PMs offer an important tool in the quest for cost-effective ways to further increase motor efficiencies. The characteristics of PM motors are sufficiently distinct from that of induction motors that users need to understand their operation to ensure successful applications. The nonsalient PM rotor construction provides high efficiency and high-torque density, whereas the salient pole construction offers some distinct advantages, especially with regard to system issues. Full flexibility to use other than 50 or 60 Hz base frequencies to further optimize performance obviously requires application with an inverter. Once the decision is made to use an inverter, the variable-frequency degree of freedom, with regard to pole selection, works in favor of the PM motor design. The improving performance to cost relationship of PM materials is getting to the point where the increased power density of the PM motor can be large enough to offset the cost of the magnets. While the authors would not suggest that PM motors are going to replace the widespread usage of induction motors, the PM motors provide an interesting alternative, especially in the case where an inverter is to be used in the application. It is for those inverter-fed applications that the first usage is expected in the pulp and paper industry.
Surgery in a Population-Based Cohort of Crohn's Disease From Olmsted County, Minnesota (1970–2004) (2012)

The cumulative probability of major abdominal surgery in this population-based cohort of Crohn's disease approached 60% after 20 years of disease, and many patients required second or third surgeries. Non-colonic disease extent, current smoking, male gender, penetrating disease behavior, and early steroid use were significantly associated with major abdominal surgery.
What we can learn from the selective manipulation of dopaminergic receptors about the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension? (1996)

The natriuretic response that accompanies an acute or a chronic sodium load results, in a large part, from dopamine produced by the renal proximal tubules. This paracrine/ autocrine effect of dopamine, mediated by occupancy of renal tubular dopamine D1 receptors, is impaired in spontaneous hypertension. Disruption of the D1A receptor gene in mice increases blood pressure. The D3 receptor is also present in renal proximal tubules and juxtaglomerular cells, and it may be an inhibitor of renin release. Disruption of the D3 receptor gene in mice also increases blood pressure, but the ability to excrete a sodium chloride load is not impaired. Thus, selective manipulation of dopamine receptor subtypes might aid in studies of the pathogenesis of essential hypertension and the design of novel drugs to treat high blood pressure.
[Role of angiotensin in the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular complications]. (2002)

Angiotensin II is known to inhibit the insulin-signaling pathway. On the other hand, insulin causes activation of the cardiovascular renin-angiotensin system in both cardiac cells and vascular cells(smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells). Insulin-activated tissue renin-angiotensin system leads to increased cell growth and contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and atherosclerosis. The fact that agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system also block insulin-mediated renin-angiotensin system expression and cell growth reinforces the potential implication of a cardiovascular insulin-renin-angiotensin system pathway. This review examines the mechanisms that connect systemic insulin resistance to the cardiovascular complications in the metabolic syndrome, especially the relation between insulin-signaling pathway and angiotensin.
Extremely high-efficiency multiphoton emission blue phosphorescent OLEDs with external quantum efficiency exceeding 40% (2012)

We developed high-efficiency multi-photon emission (MPE) blue phosphorescent OLEDs with external quantum efficiency exceeding 40% at 100 cd m<sup>–2</sup>. In these MPE devices, we used a blue phosphorescent emitter, FIrpic and pyridine-containing electron-transporters, 3,5,3’’,5’’-tetra-3-pyridyl-[1,1’;3’,1’]terphenyl (B3PyPB) and bis-4,6-(3,5- dipyridylphenyl)-2-methylpyrimidine derivatives (B3PyMPM, B4PyMPM). We also used a well-known electrontransporter, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenylphenanthroline (BCP) for comparison. We used a combination of TAPC/MoO<sub>3</sub>/Al/Liq layers as the charge-generation layer unit. An optimized MPE device showed an extremely high current efficiency of over 90 cd A<sup>–1</sup> and a high power efficiency of over 40 lm W<sup>–1</sup> at 100 cd m<sup>–2</sup> without any outcoupling enhancement.
Quality improvement in developing nations (2011)

Dear Editor,

I would like to comment regarding the recent article ‘The role of quality improvement in strengthening health systems in developing countries’ as published in the August issue of your publication [1]. It is documented that some of the factors that have resulted in a lack of quality improvement (QI) initiatives in the developing world include poor infrastructure, resource limitations and lack of systems that are readily available in the developed world [2]. The question remains as to how …