gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving the Stability and Monodispersity of Layered Cesium Lead Iodide Perovskite Thin Films by Tuning Crystallization Dynamics (2019)

Assembling halide perovskites into layered structures holds promise for addressing chemical and phase stability challenges; however, several other challenges need to be addressed to create efficient and stable halide perovskite devices. Layered halide perovskites (LHPs) suffer from a broad distribution of layer thicknesses and band gaps within thin films. Reducing polydispersity could substantially improve charge transport within LHP films and the performance of LHP-based solar cells. Herein, we focused on layering α-CsPbI3 ((C4H9NH3)2Csn–1PbnI3n+1) thin films. We found that (C4H9NH3)2Csn–1PbnI3n+1 with nominal layer thicknesses of n = 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be deposited at temperatures as low as 100 °C, substantially below the phase-transition temperature of bulk α-CsPbI3. Furthermore, we demonstrated that incorporating solvents with high complexation strength into the precursor solution promotes the formation of intermediate phases within the thin film, slowing down LHP crystallite nucleation, eventually resulting in improved phase purity. By reducing decomposition rates through combined use of solvent complexes and thermal processing methods, we fabricated (C4H9NH3)2CsPb2I7 films that had improved phase purity, crystallinity, and film morphology. We also demonstrate that the improved phase purity resulted in photoluminescence with a maximum intensity corresponding to the targeted n = 2 phase. This work represents a step toward highly stable LHP thin films with narrow site-energy distribution.
Effect of Non-Integer Scaling on the Recovery of Data-bearing Marks (2016)

The spatial quantization imparted by printed pixels becomes significant when printing finely detailed bitonal images such as data-bearing halftones. This paper explores the consequences non-integer scaling has on data recovery error from such data-bearing marks. We verify that different printer manufacturers use nearest-neighbor scaling, and conducted hundreds of print and mobile camera capture measurements to quantify data recovery errors as a function of printed pixel replication factor. We tested the effects of multiple payloads represented by several data-bearing images, printed on a variety of printers, and captured at different camera distances. The analog print&#x2013;and-capture experiments are compared with digital simulations, using several error measures. The results support a surprising conclusion: there is no significant advantage in forcing printed pixel replication to be an integer.
Fluorescence and Mass Spectrometry Studies of Meta‐tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin Photoproducts (1999)

The meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC), a second-generation sensitizer used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), is currently under clinical trial. In vivo fluorometry provides direct evidence that photobleaching processes are induced at the tumor site during PDT. Photoproduct formation has thus to be taken into account to fully understand PDT treatment. A preliminary step is to determine the fluorescence characteristics of photoproducts formed in solution. Solutions of m-THPC irradiated at 514 nm have been separated by HPLC using absorption and fluorescence detection. Six main photoproducts have been isolated. According to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) results, five fluorescent photoproducts emitting at 652 nm have been attributed to three mono-, one di- and one tri-hydroxy derivatives (m/z 697, 713 and 729, respectively). Fluorescence characteristics of mono-hydroxy forms were found to be similar to those of m-THPC, whereas fluorescence yields in di- and tri-hydroxy derivatives were very low. Another product, corresponding to a MALDI-TOF MS main signal at m/z 542, showed an absorption spectrum maximum at 522 nm while a weak fluorescence was detected at 480 nm. The loss of the Soret band suggests that this photoproduct results from the opening of the reduced pyrrole ring. The part played by each of these products in the photobleaching phenomenon of m-THPC is discussed.
Solving gapped Hamiltonians locally (2006)

We show that any short-range Hamiltonian with a gap between the ground and excited states can be written as a sum of local operators, such that the ground state is an approximate eigenvector of each operator separately. We then show that the ground state of any such Hamiltonian is close to a generalized matrix product state. The range of the given operators needed to obtain a good approximation to the ground state is proportional to the square of the logarithm of the system size times a characteristic ``factorization length.'' Applications to many-body quantum simulation are discussed. We also consider density matrices of systems at non zero temperature.
Nimodipine inhibits the pressor activity of diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb) in the rat (1998)

Impaired nitric oxide (NO) activity is associated with an increase in blood pressure in rats. Voltage-regulated calcium channels are believed to participate in this hemodynamic event. To further test this hypothesis, we examined the effect of nimodipine and verapamil (calcium antagonists) on the pressor activity of diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin (DCLHb), a well-known NO scavenger, in anesthetized rats. Nimodipine, the most potent of the two calcium antagonists used, was also tested against phenylephrine (alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist). The pressor effect of DCLHb was reduced markedly by nimodipine and verapamil, whereas that elicited by phenylephrine, particularly the tonic phase of its pressor response, was resistant to blockade by nimodipine. The bradycardia and tachycardia associated with the pressor effects of DCLHb and phenylephrine, respectively, were not affected by nimodipine. The pressor effect elicited by DCLHb and its alteration by nimodipine were also examined in rats pretreated with 100% O2. This treatment was found to potentiate the pressor effect of DCLHb. However, this synergism did not impair the inhibitory action of nimodipine towards the pressor activity of DCLHb. Altogether these results suggest that the pressor activity of DCLHb in our animal model might involve the participation of voltage-regulated calcium channels.
Dose surface maps of the heart can identify regions associated with worse survival for lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy (2020)

Cardiac surface mapping was successfully implemented and identified a region where excess dose was associated with worse patient survival. This region extended over the right atria, potentially suggesting an interaction with the hearts electrical conduction system.
Asymptotic Blind-Spot Analysis of Localization Networks Under Correlated Blocking Using a Poisson Line Process (2017)

In a localization network, the line-of-sight between anchors (transceivers) and targets may be blocked due to the presence of obstacles in the environment. Due to the non-zero size of the obstacles, the blocking is typically correlated across both anchor and target locations, with the extent of correlation increasing with obstacle size. If a target does not have line-of-sight to a minimum number of anchors, then its position cannot be estimated unambiguously and is, therefore, said to be in a blind-spot. However, the analysis of the blind-spot probability of a given target is challenging due to the inherent randomness in the obstacle locations and sizes. In this letter, we develop a new framework to analyze the worst-case impact of correlated blocking on the blind-spot probability of a typical target; in particular, we model the obstacles by a Poisson line process and the anchor locations by a Poisson point process. For this setup, we define the notion of the asymptotic blind-spot probability of the typical target and derive a closed-form expression for it as a function of the area distribution of a typical Poisson-Voronoi cell. As an upper bound for the more realistic case when obstacles have finite dimensions, the asymptotic blind-spot probability is useful as a design tool to ensure that the blind-spot probability of a typical target does not exceed a desired threshold, ϵ.
holographic storage in electrooptic crystals. II. beam coupling—light amplification (1978)

The theory of energy transfer between two coupled beams writing holograms in electrooptic crystals is developed. The gain is calculated for different processes causing holographic recording in the crystal.The amplifications of the light beam in the course of recording holograms in nominally pure reduced LiNbO3 crystals is investigated. The amplification of about 10 cm''-1 is obtained for small signals. The gain is found to be independent of the total light intensity and intensity ratio of the writing beams and decreases linearly with the grating spacing.
Column diameter dependence of the strain relaxation effect in GaN/AlGaN quantum wells on GaN nanocolumn arrays (2019)

We experimentally demonstrated the strain relaxation effect in uniform GaN/Al0.19Ga0.81N quantum wells on GaN nanocolumn (NC) arrays with various column diameters and periods created using the Ti-mask selective area growth technique. The photoluminescence (PL) emission from the GaN well layer was not affected by the period of the NC arrays. As the column diameter decreased, the PL peak energy of the GaN well layer blueshifted, whereas that of the GaN NC underlayer remained almost unchanged. This blueshift was reproduced with the calculated strain relaxation effect, indicating that the strain in the GaN well layer decreased as the column diameter decreased.
Lipopeptide vaccines illustrate the potential role of subtype‐crossreactive T cells in the control of highly virulent influenza (2009)

We show that CD8(+) T cells are induced by a single intranasal vaccination with lipopeptide, they remain at substantial levels in the lungs and are efficiently boosted upon challenge with virulent virus to provide late control of pulmonary viral loads. Vaccinated mice are not only protected from death but remain active, indicative of less severe disease despite significant weight loss.
Untangling Photofaradaic and Photocapacitive Effects in Organic Optoelectronic Stimulation Devices (2020)

Light, as a versatile and non-invasive means to elicit a physiological response, offers solutions to problems in basic research as well as in biomedical technologies. The complexity and limitations of optogenetic methods motivate research and development of optoelectronic alternatives. A recently growing subset of approaches relies on organic semiconductors as the active light absorber. Organic semiconductors stand out due to their high optical absorbance coefficients, mechanical flexibility, ability to operate in a wet environment, and potential biocompatibility. They could enable ultrathin and minimally invasive form factors not accessible with traditional inorganic materials. Organic semiconductors, upon photoexcitation in an aqueous medium, can transduce light into (1) photothermal heating, (2) photochemical/photocatalytic redox reactions, (3) photocapacitive charging of electrolytic double layers, and (4) photofaradaic reactions. In realistic conditions, different effects may coexist, and understanding their role in observed physiological phenomena is an area of critical interest. This article serves to evaluate the emerging picture of photofaradaic vs. photocapacitive effects in the context of our group's research efforts and that of others over the past few years. We present simple experiments which can be used to benchmark organic optoelectronic stimulation devices.
WIPP/SRL in situ testing program: MIIT (Materials Interface Interactions Tests) update 1988 (1988)

The first series of in situ, high-level wasteform leaching tests to be conducted in the United States was started on July 22, 1986. This effort, the WIPP Materials Interface Interactions Tests (MITT), involves the underground tests emplacement of about 1900 (nonradioactive) waste form, metal container, and geologic samples in the bedded salt at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) facility, near Carlsbad, New Mexico. Samples were supplied from seven countries and are being analyzed by laboratories and universitites in the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Belgium, Japan, the United Kingdom, and Sweden. Posttest analyses of samples removed after 0.5 and 1 yrs of testing are in progress now. Preliminary results on wasteform leaching and metal sample corrosion are reviewed; most samples had very little degradation. The MIIT data complement other laboratory and international in situ efforts involving underground field testing of Savannah River Laboratory simulated nuclear waste glasses. 14 refs., 6 figs.
Free Electrons Can Induce Entanglement Between Photons (2021)

Entanglement of photons is a fundamental feature of quantum mechanics, which stands at the core of quantum technologies such as photonic quantum computing, communication, and sensing. An ongoing challenge in all these is finding an efficient and controllable mechanism to entangle photons. Recent experimental developments in electron microscopy enable to control the quantum interaction between free electrons and light. Here, we show that free electrons can create entanglement and bunching of light. Free electrons can control the second-order coherence of initially independent photonic states, even in spatially separated cavities that cannot directly interact. Free electrons thus provide a type of optical nonlinearity that acts in a nonlocal manner, offering a new way of heralding the creation of entanglement. Intriguingly, pre-shaping the electron's wavefunction provides the knob for tuning the photonic quantum correlations. The concept can be generalized to entangle not only photons but also photonic quasiparticles such as plasmon-polaritons and phonons.
Bragg Grating Photoinscription within Various Types of Fibers and Glasses (1995)

Optical fiber photosensitivity can be triggered by photochemical processes associated with a large variety of dopants. Thus, photosensitivity in germanosilicate fibers has been related to absorption of light at a germanium defect absorption band located near 5 eV [1] [2]. Photosensitivity in rare-earth doped glasses or optical fibers has been demonstrated by pumping of ion transitions. For example, we have recently reported permanent index changes in Ce 3+ doped ZBLAN, HBLAN and ZBLALi fluorozirconate glasses or fibers through the pumping of 4f → 5d Ce 3+ transitions using a pulsed laser [3] [4]. In most of the experiments dealing with rare-earth or germanium doped glasses or fibers, it was reported that grating inscriptions led to broad absorption changes which were attributed to photoinduced charge transfer from donors to trap sites. This suggests that charge transfer is a common effect involved in grating photoinscription within all the up to now studied insulating glass fibers. Experiments have been carried out with a view to finding other analogies or differences between photosensitive behaviors of gratings written in various glasses. The aim of the talk is to report results of these experiments with a specific emphasis on the dynamics of grating formation.
Werner syndrome cells escape hydrogen peroxide‐induced cell proliferation arrest (2004)

Werner syndrome (WS) is a rare disease caused by the lack of a functional nuclear WS protein (WRN). WS is characterized by the early onset of premature aging signs and a high incidence of sarcomas. WS diploid fibroblasts have a short life span and extensive genomic instability. Mammalian cells are continuously exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS), which represent human mutagens and are thought to be a major contributor to the aging process. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a common ROS intermediate generated by various forms of oxidative stress. In response to H2O2-induced DNA damage, normal human diploid fibroblasts follow a pathway leading to irreversible proliferation arrest and premature senescence. Here we show that in contrast to normal human fibroblasts, WS diploid fibroblasts continue proliferating after extensive H2O2-induced DNA damage and accumulate oxidative DNA lesions. A direct role of WRN in this abnormal cellular response to H2O2 is demonstrated by interfering with WRN expression in normal human fibroblasts. We propose a role for WRN in the detection and/or processing of oxidative DNA lesions and in cellular responses to H2O2 as they relate to some of the phenotypical aspects of WS cells.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Structural variant detection from Hi-C data.&lt;/p&gt;
Reference vector based a posteriori preference articulation for evolutionary multiobjective optimization (2015)

Multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) usually achieve a set of nondominated solutions as the approximation of the Pareto front. In order to utilize the solutions, a final decision making process is indispensable in most cases in which a small number of solutions have to be selected. In this process a decision maker selects the solutions according to his or her preferences or based on the knowledge acquired by observing the approximated Pareto front. Due to the limited number of solutions an algorithm can obtain, in particular when the number of objectives is large, a decision maker may be interested in sampling additional solutions in some preferred regions. This paper proposes to use a reference vector based preference articulation (RVPA) method to obtain such additional solutions in preferred regions. After describing the proposed method in detail, experiments are conducted on six benchmark MOPs to assess the performance of the proposed RVPA method. Our empirical results show that, by setting reference vectors in the objective space, the proposed RVPA is able to obtain corresponding solutions in the preferred regions at a much lower cost compared to e.g. a re-start strategy. In addition, by setting the reference vectors in a uniform way, the proposed RVPA method is also able to improve the general quality (convergence and distribution) of the solutions obtained by an MOEA.
Dispersion monitoring and compensation using a single inband subcarrier tone (2002)

We demonstrate a simple technique for dispersion monitoring by adding a single inband tone to the data. Our technique has high accuracy and an easily reconfigurable measurement range. Dispersion compensation is also demonstrated using the monitor's output.
Study of light scattering and transparency in human edematous corneas and application to corneal grafts (2011)

The optical properties of the cornea have been a research subject of great interest for many years. Several early theories have been put forward to explain with more or less success the optical transparency of this tissue, but it was not until Maurice demonstrated in a very elegant way during the 50s that this optical transparency could be explained by the regular ultrastructure of the cornea. When becoming edematous, the cornea's ultrastructure is perturbed and the tissue becomes a strongly scattering medium. With the emergence of ophthalmologic surgery by ultrashort pulse lasers in recent years, a regain of interest in the subject of corneal transparency arose. However, relatively little and no recent data of transparency spectra measurements covering a large wavelength range is available in the literature. The purpose of this study is to provide quantitative values for light scattering and its relation to the degree of edema by measuring the spectrum of transmitted light through corneas presenting different degrees of edema. This paper focus on the comparison of laboratory measurements published earlier with a new simple method we propose We also for eye banks to quantitatively measure the degree of transparency of corneal grafts by measuring the modulation transfer function of a Siemens star viewed through a corneal graft. Indeed, there is no current method to determine the transparency of corneal graft but the subjectivity of the laboratory technician or the ophthalmic surgeon.
p95HER2–T cell bispecific antibody for breast cancer treatment (2018)

T cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) are engineered molecules that include, within a single entity, binding sites to the T cell receptor and to tumor-associated or tumor-specific antigens. The receptor tyrosine kinase HER2 is a tumor-associated antigen in ~25% of breast cancers. TCBs targeting HER2 may result in severe toxicities, likely due to the expression of HER2 in normal epithelia. About 40% of HER2-positive tumors express p95HER2, a carboxyl-terminal fragment of HER2. Using specific antibodies, here, we show that p95HER2 is not expressed in normal tissues. We describe the development of p95HER2-TCB and show that it has a potent antitumor effect on p95HER2-expressing breast primary cancers and brain lesions. In contrast with a TCB targeting HER2, p95HER2-TCB has no effect on nontransformed cells that do not overexpress HER2. These data pave the way for the safe treatment of a subgroup of HER2-positive tumors by targeting a tumor-specific antigen.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for End-Stage Interstitial Lung Disease With Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension at Rest and Exercise: Insights From Simulation Modeling (2017)

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) represents a collection of lung disorders with a lethal trajectory with few therapeutic options with the exception of lung transplantation. Various extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) configurations have been used for bridge to transplant (BTT), yet no optimal configuration has been clearly demonstrated. Using a cardiopulmonary simulation, we assessed different ECMO configurations for patients with end-stage ILD to assess the physiologic deficits and help guide the development of new long-term pulmonary support devices. A cardiopulmonary ECMO simulation was created, and changes in hemodynamics and blood gases were compared for different inflow and outflow anatomic locations and for different sweep gas and blood pump flow rates. The system simulated the physiologic response of patients with severe ILD at rest and during exercise with central ECMO, peripheral ECMO, and with no ECMO. The output parameters were total cardiac output (CO), mixed venous oxygen (O2) saturation, arterial pH, and O2 delivery (DO2)/O2 utilization (VO2) at different levels of exercise. The model described the physiologic state of progressive ILD and showed the relative effects of using various ECMO configurations to support them. It elucidated the optimal device configurations and required physiologic pump performance and provided insight into the physiologic demands of exercise in ILD patients. The simulation program was able to model the pathophysiologic state of progressive ILD with PH and demonstrate how mechanical support devices can be implemented to improve cardiopulmonary function at rest and during exercise. The information generated from simulation can be used to optimize ECMO configuration selection for BTT patients and provide design guidance for new devices to better meet the physiologic demands of exercise associated with normal activities of daily living.
Incorporating mixed cations in quasi-2D perovskites for high-performance and flexible photodetectors (2019)

A simple method is developed to incorporate formamidinium and Cs mixed cations into quasi-2D perovskites of (iBA)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>Pb<sub>4</sub>I<sub>13</sub> (iBA = iso-butylamine) to enhance their film qualities and improve their subsequently fabricated device performances.