gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-based optimization and scale-up of multi-feed simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation of steam pre-treated lignocellulose enables high gravity ethanol production (2016)

SSCF of WIS content up to 22 % (w/w) is reproducible and scalable with the multi-feed SSCF configuration and model-aided process design. For simultaneous saccharification and fermentation, the overall efficiency relies on balanced rates of substrate feeding and conversion. Multi-feed SSCF provides the possibilities to balance interdependent rates by systematic optimization of the feeding strategies. The optimization routine presented in this work can easily be adapted for optimization of other lignocellulose-based fermentation systems.
Analysis of efficiency curves in near-UV, blue, and green-emitting InGaN-based multiple quantum wells using rate equations of exciton recombination (2019)

Abstract The internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of near-UV, blue, and green-emitting InGaN-based multiple quantum wells was evaluated as functions of excitation power density and temperature using photoluminescence spectroscopy. The IQE curves under weak excitation densities were analyzed using a rate equation model based on the radiative and nonradiative recombination of excitons. The analysis clarified that the initial increase in the estimated IQE could be explained by the filling of nonradiative recombination centers. Moreover, the analysis elucidated that the nonradiative recombination process of excitons was independent of the emission wavelength and that the radiative recombination rate of excitons was strongly affected by the exciton localization and depended on the emission wavelength. Furthermore, the analysis suggested that the maximum IQE reached was 100% in all the samples at a low temperature.
A temperature-compensated CMOS LC-VCO enabling the direct modulation architecture in 2.4GHz GFSK transmitter (2004)

The frequency drift of an open-loop PLL is an issue for direct modulation applications such as Bluetooth transceivers. The drift mainly comes from the temperature variation of the VCO during the TX operation. In this paper, we propose the optimum location of the VCO, considering the temperature gradient through full-chip thermal analysis. Moreover, a novel temperature-compensated VCO by employing a new biasing scheme is proposed. The combination of these two techniques enables power reduction of the transmitter by 33% without sacrificing performance.
Determination of the Binding of Non-Cross-Linked and Cross-Linked Gels to Living Cells by Atomic Force Microscopy (2009)

In this study, we first proposed a method to directly measure the interaction forces between nanoparticle gels and living cells by using the atomic force microscope (AFM). This was achieved by attaching the nanoparticles to a carrier silica probe with epoxy resin and then by directly measuring the interaction force between the probe and the living cells with the AFM. We subsequently used this technique to investigate the ability of triblock copolymer nanoparticle gels to bind to living B16F10 (mouse skin melanoma) cells. We particularly studied how the copolymer composition and structure, and the introduction of chemical cross-linking affected the adhesion magnitude. We found that a gel particle was capable to bind to a living melanoma cell. The binding strength of the particle was determined by the composition of the gel particle, where a composition change appeared to affect the number and type of chemical groups on the surface of the gel that could bind to the cell. The introduction of cross-links into the gel did not decrease the adhesion ability to a cell. Instead, it was seen that the adhesion could be increased, if a cross-linker was chosen that contained chemical groups that could bind with the cell and that preferred a conformation at the surface of the particle.
Temporally-Continuous Probabilistic Prediction using Polynomial Trajectory Parameterization (2020)

A commonly-used representation for motion prediction of actors is a sequence of waypoints (comprising positions and orientations) for each actor at discrete future time-points. While this approach is simple and flexible, it can exhibit unrealistic higher-order derivatives (such as acceleration) and approximation errors at intermediate time steps. To address this issue we propose a simple and general representation for temporally continuous probabilistic trajectory prediction that is based on polynomial trajectory parameterization. We evaluate the proposed representation on supervised trajectory prediction tasks using two large self-driving data sets. The results show realistic higher-order derivatives and better accuracy at interpolated time-points, as well as the benefits of the inferred noise distributions over the trajectories. Extensive experimental studies based on existing state-of-the-art models demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach relative to other representations in predicting the future motions of vehicle, bicyclist, and pedestrian traffic actors.
In vivo activation of heterophil function in chickens following injection with Salmonella enteritidis-immune lymphokines (1995)

We have previously shown that increased resistance to Salmonella enteritidis organ infectivity in day-old chicks was conferred by the immunoprophylactic administration of S. enteritidis-immune lymphokines (ILK). This resistance was associated with a significant increase in the number of circulating heterophils 4 h after ILK injection. The objective of the present study was to evaluate heterophil function following the administration of ILK in day-old chicks. Significant increases (P < 0.001) in adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis of S. enteritidis were found with heterophils isolated from ILK-injected chickens compared to the heterophils isolated from birds injected with either pyrogen-free saline or lymphokines from non-immune T cells. After phagocytosis, the heterophils from the ILK-injected chickens were also able to kill significantly greater numbers of S. enteritidis more rapidly than did the heterophils from the saline-injected control birds (within 30 min, control cells killed 21.89% of the bacteria whereas ILK-treated cells killed 88.22%). We also found that the heterophils from the ILK-injected birds were more efficient killers of S. typhimurium, S. gallinarum, and E. coli. These results strongly suggest that the protection against S. enteritidis organ invasion induced by the prophylactic treatment of day-old chicks with ILK involves activated heterophils which migrate rapidly to the inflammatory stimulus where they phagocytize and kill the bacteria.
FHIT loss of function in human primary breast cancer correlates with advanced stage of the disease. (1999)

The FHIT gene, encompassing the FRA3B fragile site at chromosome 3p14.2, is a tumor suppressor gene involved in different tumor types. We have assessed 29 human primary breast carcinomas for both the presence of abnormal FHIT transcripts and the Fhit protein levels as compared with the normal breast epithelium of the same patients. In addition, we have also examined a second retrospective series of 156 consecutive breast carcinomas for the expression of the Fhit protein. In nine (31%) cases of the first series, FHIT transcripts were either aberrant or absent as determined by reverse transcription-PCR, and Fhit protein levels in tumors were low or absent as determined immunohistochemically. In 11 other cases (38%), only normal FHIT transcripts were detected by PCR, paralleled by the reduction or absence of Fhit protein. In the remaining nine cases (31%), the presence of the normal FHIT transcript corresponded to protein levels that were similar in tumor and normal breast epithelia. Thus, alterations in FHIT transcripts were detected in 31% of the patients, but reduction or absence of Fhit protein occurred in 69% of the breast carcinoma samples examined. These data suggest that alteration in Fhit expression in breast carcinomas is a frequent event. Analysis of correlation between Fhit expression and pathological, clinical, and biological parameters in these 29 tumors and in a second retrospective series of 156 consecutive primary breast carcinomas indicated that a decrease or an absence of Fhit protein expression is associated with high proliferation and large tumor size.
Association of risk factor variables and coronary artery disease documented with angiography. (1981)

Stepwise linear discrimination was used to analyze risk factors in 431 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography to determine which variables were most closely associated with coronary artery disease. Twenty-one risk factors were considered: total plasma cholesterol and triglycerides; the cholesterol and triglyceride content of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL); and the percentage of total cholesterol and triglycerides in each fraction. Age, smoking history, family history, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and relative weight were also considered. Coronary artery disease was assessed using three standard grading scores. There were significant differences in risk factors between males and females. In males, LDL cholesterol and age were selected by multivariate analysis. In females, the ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol, as well as relative weight, family history, age and smoking were selected. The discriminating value of HDL cholesterol as the percentage of total cholesterol was significantly greater than that of HDL cholesterol itself. Despite highly significant associations between risk factors and the presence of coronary artery disease, the discrimination did not provide sufficient separation of the groups to give results that are useful diagnostically in individual patients.
Protooncogene bcl-2 gene transfer abrogates Fas/APO-1 antibody-mediated apoptosis of human malignant glioma cells and confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and therapeutic irradiation. (1995)

The majority of human malignant glioma cells express Fas/APO-1 and are susceptible to Fas/APO-1 antibody-mediated apoptosis in vitro. The sensitivity of Fas/APO-1-positive glioma cell lines to Fas/APO-1 antibody-mediated killing correlates inversely with the constitutive expression of the antiapoptotic protooncogene bcl-2. Here we report that BCL-2 protein expression of human glial tumors in vivo correlates with malignant transformation in that BCL-2 immunoreactive glioma cells were more abundant in WHO grade III/IV gliomas than in grade I/II gliomas. Fas/APO-1 antibody-sensitive human glioma cell lines stably transfected with a murine bcl-2 cDNA acquired resistance to Fas/APO-1 antibody-mediated apoptosis. Forced expression of bcl-2 also attenuated TNF alpha-mediated cytotoxicity of glioma cell lines in the presence of actinomycin D and cycloheximide and conferred partial protection from irradiation and the cancer chemotherapy drugs, cisplatin and BCNU. Preexposure of the glioma cell lines to the cytokines, IFN gamma and TNF alpha, which sensitize for Fas/APO-1-dependent killing, partially overcame bcl-2-mediated rescue from apoptosis, suggesting that multimodality immunotherapy involving cytokines and Fas/APO-1 targeting might eventually provide a promising approach to the treatment of human malignant gliomas.
Hierarchical Assembly of a Phthalhydrazide‐Functionalized Helicene (2011)

Faserreich: Ein enantiomerenreines Phthalhydrazid-funktionalisiertes Helicen bildet in nichtpolaren Solventien eindimensionale fasrige Überstrukturen, in denen trimere H-Brücken-gebundene Scheiben aus Phthalhydrazideinheiten longitudinal verzahnt sind, um optimales Packen zu erreichen (siehe Bild). Die supramolekularen Assoziate zeigen in Lösung eine starke circular polarisierte Lumineszenz. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Modulatory Effects of Bovine Seminal Plasma on Uterine Inflammatory Processes (2011)

In this study, a simple model to simulate a uterine environment affected by subclinical endometritis was established by culturing isolated primary bovine uterine epithelial cells (pbUEC). Co-incubation of pbUEC and polymorphonuclear (PMN) granulocytes derived from peripheral bovine blood samples, was performed before testing the cell culture supernatant for production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) via ELISA. Cytokine secretion was only detectable after co-incubation of pbUEC with PMN, whereas neither pbUEC nor PMN alone generated IL-8 in relevant chemo attractive doses. Another objective was to examine the influence of bovine seminal plasma (SP) and vesicular gland fluid (VGF) on various functional parameters of PMN including cell viability, production of reactive oxygen species and chemotaxis. Analysis of these effects was conducted by flow cytometry. Viability of PMN was determined by staining the cells with propidium iodide. Seminal plasma was added to suspensions of PMN in increasing increments and resulted in a significant increase of cell membrane damaged PMN when using SP concentrations above 0.2%. The reactive oxygen species production of PMN suspensions, stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, was significantly decreased by 30% up to 90% when adding 0.06-30‰ of either SP or VGF. The PMN transmigration induced by IL-8 was diminished by 50% when 0.4‰ of either SP or VGF were added. The results of this study indicate a potential regulatory impact of SP and VGF on inflammatory processes in the bovine uterus.
In vitrocharacterization of an acetylcholine receptor–transferrin fusion protein for the treatment of myasthenia gravis (2010)

SHG2210, a fusion protein containing the N-terminus of human nicotinic acetylcholine receptor α (AchR-α; aa1-210) and human transferrin (TF), was characterized as a potential therapeutic for myasthenia gravis (MG) caused predominately by α subunit autoantibodies. SHG2210 was shown to be able to bind to α subunit autoantibodies and the TF receptor (TFR). SHG2210 and SHG2210-anti-AchR antibody complex are internalized through TFR-mediated endocytosis. The SHG2210 and SHG2210-anti-AchR antibody complex is present in Lamp1-positive lysosomal compartments after internalization; however, neither SHG2210 nor SHG2210-antibody complex is present in Rab11-positive recycling endosomes. SHG2210 bound to α subunit of AChR autoantibodies may be cleared by the lysosome, resulting in short cellular half-life relative to SHG2210. SHG2210 is shown to have a protective effect on antigenic modulation of the AChR induced by serum from select patients with MG, suggesting that a fusion protein approach may be an effective therapeutic for treating MG.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Hepatitis B Infected Liver for Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, and chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) has been a major risk factor for HCC development. The pathogenesis of HBV-related HCC has been a major focus revealing the interplay of a multitude of intracellular signaling pathways, yet the precise mechanisms and their implementations to clinical practice remain to be elucidated. This study utilizes publicly available transcriptomic data from the livers of CHB patients in order to identify a population with a higher risk of malignant transformation. We report the identification of a novel list of genes (PCM1) which can generate clear transcriptomic sub-groups among HBV-infected livers. PCM1 includes genes related to cell cycle activity and liver cancer development. In addition, markers of inflammation, M1 macrophages and gamma delta T cell infiltration are present within the signature. Genes within PCM1 are also able to differentiate HCC from normal liver, and some genes within the signature are associated with poor prognosis of HCC at the mRNA level. The analysis of the immunohistochemical stainings validated that proteins coded by a group of PCM1 genes were overexpressed in liver cancer, while minimal or no expression was detected in normal liver. Altogether, our findings suggest that PCM1 can be developed into a clinically applicable method to identify CHB patients with a higher risk of HCC development.
Analysis of utilizing lossless networks for self-interference cancellation purpose (2018)

In this paper, novel self-interference cancellation technique is proposed. The technique addresses in particularly the transceivers where dedicated-transmit-and-receive antenna configurations are embraced. The technique, moreover, relies on a lossless decoupling network, which interconnects the transceiver's chains to the antenna elements. The values of the network's reactive components, which are the building blocks of the lossless network, can be computed to suppress the self-interference at the local receivers for the targeted frequency. Thus, the technique provides a self-interference suppression method at the radio-frequency domain, which does not waste energy for cancellation purpose. Moreover, the technique can implicitly assure optimized power delivery among the antenna array elements and the transceiver front-ends. Network analysis of a multiple-input-multiple-output antenna array in a full-duplex transceiver is presented in order to characterize the self-interference in terms of mutual coupling phenomenon among the antenna array elements. Mutual coupling measurements of two identical antennas setup are presented and analyzed. Finally, empirical assessment of the proposed self-interference cancellation technique is provided, to show that the self-interference cancellation levels can exceed 70 dB by employing the proposed technique.
Ultrahigh-speed optical links and signal processing using ultrafast semiconductor diode lasers (1999)

We utilize a novel hybrid wavelength division multiplexed, optical time division multiplexed (WDM-OTDM) modelocked semiconductor laser for applications in ultrahigh data rate communication links, computer interconnects, and optical sampling applications. The key philosophy behind using a hybrid approach is that state-of-the-art system performance can be achieve without the necessity of operating at the limits of either a pure WDM or OTDM technology platform.
Toward the development of prochelators as fluorescent probes of copper-mediated oxidative stress (2009)

A fluorescent sensor prochelator, FlamB (fluorescein hydrizido 2-imidophenylboronic ester), has been developed that selectively probes for copper under conditions of oxidative stress. High levels of hydrogen peroxide trigger the release of a boronic ester masking group from the prochelator to unveil a metal chelator, FlamS (fluorescein hydrizido 2-imidophenol), that provides a modest fluorescence increase in response to Cu(2+) but not other metal ions. X-Ray crystal structures of FlamB, FlamS, and Cu-bound FlamS are all reported. The fluorescence turn-on results from opening of a fluorescein spirolactam ring upon Cu(2+) binding to FlamS in aqueous solution. Oxidation of the aryl boronic ester of FlamB to the metal-binding phenol of FlamS proceeds in organic solvents. However, in aqueous solution a competing mechanism occurs due to hydrolytic instability of the masked prochelator. Hydrolysis of FlamB leads to formation of fluorescein hydrazide, which interacts with copper or H(2)O(2) to produce fluorescein and a significant fluorescence increase.
A New [68Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-Bisphosphonate as a Bone Imaging Agent (2020)

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using <sup>68</sup>Ga-labeled bisphosphonates to target bone metastasis could be a valuable tool in cancer diagnosis and monitoring therapeutic treatment. A <sup>68</sup>Ga labeled ligand, <i>N</i>,<i>N'</i>-bis[2-hydroxy-5-(carboxyethyl)benzyl]ethylenediamine-<i>N</i>,<i>N'</i>-diacetic acid (HBED-CC) containing one bisphosphonate group (HBED-CC-BP, <b>1</b>) was prepared and evaluated. The new ligand, <b>1</b>, reacted rapidly to form [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b>, via complexing with [<sup>68</sup>Ga]GaCl<sub>3</sub> eluted from a commercially available <sup>68</sup>Ge/<sup>68</sup>Ga generator (in a sodium acetate buffer at pH 4, reaching >95% labeling yield at room temperature in 5 min). The resulting [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b> showed excellent stability <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b> displayed high binding affinity to hydroxyapatite and good uptake in the tibia and femur bone of normal mice. Biodistribution and MicroPET imaging studies of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b> in normal mice and rats showed excellent bone uptake and retention comparable to that of Na[<sup>18</sup>F]F. The results suggested that [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b> might be suitable as a bone imaging agent in humans and it could be useful as a convenient alternative to the current bone imaging PET agent, Na[<sup>18</sup>F]F, without the need of a near-by cyclotron. Also, an automated synthesis module was developed to produce clinical doses of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b> in a consistent and reproducible manner. Currently, the investigation new drug application (IND) for [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-HBED-CC-BP, [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-<b>1</b>, has received FDA approval, and it is currently under clinical trial (IND #129870).
A Pilot Study of Adoptive Cellular Immunotherapy for Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy with Ex Vivo Generated Polyomavirus-Specific T-cells (Plen01.002) (2019)

To determine safety of adoptive transfer of donor-derived anti-polyomavirus-specific T cells (PyVSTs) for treatment of patients with refractory progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)(NCT02694783).
THz Generation with Photoconductive Emitters with a Low-noise GHz Repetition Rate Laser (2022)

We demonstrate THz generation with a low noise GHz repetition rate laser with state-of-the-art photoconductive emitters. We measure a maximum dynamic range of 73 dB and a bandwidth of more than 3 THz.
Vasoactive intestinal peptide and forskolin regulate proliferation of the HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (1992)

Although several lines of evidence implicate cAMP in the regulation of intestinal cell proliferation, the precise role of this second messenger in the control of the human colon cancer cell cycle is still unclear. In order to investigate the role of cAMP in HT29 cell proliferation, we have tested the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and forskolin on DNA synthesis and cell number, focusing on the time-dependent efficacy of the treatment. The cells were arrested in G0/G1 phase by incubation for 24 h in serum-free medium and proliferation was re-initiated by addition of either 85 nM insulin or 0.5% fetal calf serum. In the presence of fetal calf serum, G1/S transition was found to occur earlier than with insulin. Exposure of the HT29 cells to 10(-5) M forskolin in the early stages of growth induction (within 12 h from FCS addition or within 14 h from insulin treatment) resulted in a significant inhibition of DNA synthesis and a delayed entry in the S phase. By contrast, VIP (10(-7) M) was inhibitory only when added within a narrow window (10 to 12 h or 12 to 14 h following FCS or insulin addition, respectively). The difference in efficiency of forskolin and VIP to inhibit cell proliferation may be correlated with their own potency to promote long-lasting cAMP accumulation. The combination of VIP plus forskolin had synergistic effects on both cAMP accumulation and cell-growth inhibition. Taken together, our data indicate that cAMP may act at a step in the late G1 or G1/S transition.
Supplemental Video 4 from Visualization of Activated T Cells by OX40-ImmunoPET as a Strategy for Diagnosis of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (2023)

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