gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Symbol-Level and Multicast Precoding for Multiuser Multiantenna Downlink: A State-of-the-Art, Classification, and Challenges (2018)

Precoding has been conventionally considered as an effective means of mitigating or exploiting the interference in the multiantenna downlink channel, where multiple users are simultaneously served with independent information over the same channel resources. The early works in this area were focused on transmitting an individual information stream to each user by constructing weighted linear combinations of symbol blocks (codewords). However, more recent works have moved beyond this traditional view by: 1) transmitting distinct data streams to groups of users and 2) applying precoding on a symbol-per-symbol basis. In this context, the current survey presents a unified view and classification of precoding techniques with respect to two main axes: 1) the switching rate of the precoding weights, leading to the classes of block-level and symbol-level precoding and 2) the number of users that each stream is addressed to, hence unicast, multicast, and broadcast precoding. Furthermore, the classified techniques are compared through representative numerical results to demonstrate their relative performance and uncover fundamental insights. Finally, a list of open theoretical problems and practical challenges are presented to inspire further research in this area <xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><sup>1</sup></xref> . <fn id="fn1" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><label><sup>1</sup></label> The concepts of precoding and beamforming are used interchangeably throughout this paper. </fn>
Normative performance on cleveland clinic concussion application for youth, high school and college athletes (2017)

Objective The utilisation of a multi-factorial approach to evaluating relevant neuro-cognitive and motor function is a critical element in effective and comprehensive concussion management. In this project, normative data were gathered utilising the Cleveland Clinic Concussion (C3) iPad Application in youth, high school and college athletes. Design Prospective normative study. Setting Field-based. Participants Pre-season C3 data were collected in more the 6,500 youth (N=607), high school (N=5415) and college (N=744) athletes; approximately 32% females. Data were collected between Fall 2014 and Spring 2015. Interventions NA. Outcome measures Neurocognitive assessment modules of C3 include information processing (simple and choice reaction time), attention and working memory (Trail Making Test) and postural stability. Balance is quantified through biomechanical processing of accelerometer and gyroscope data gathered from the iPad during performance of the BESS. Main results No gender effects were present for performance on the neurocognitive modules; however, postural stability was significantly worse for youth males compared to female peers (P&lt;0.01). Youth were significantly slower in performance of neurocognitive modules (simple and choice reaction time and Trails; (P&lt;0.0001)). Neurocognitive and postural stability measures were similar across high school and college athletes. Conclusions Slower neurocognitive performance in youth relative to older athletes underscores the need to utilise age appropriate normative data in the management of concussion, particularly if no baseline is acquired. The control of postural stability develops at different rates as a function of age and gender, therefore balance assessment across the injury spectrum must utilise specific age-gender normative values. Competing interests JLA, SML and SBO have authored intellectual property associated with the mobile application presented in this study.
LASER-ULTRASONICS FOR MATERIALS CHARACTERIZATION (1992)

Abstract Several material properties and microstructural features can be determined or monitored by measuring ultrasonic velocity and/or ultrasonic attenuation. Conventional techniques which use piezoelectric transducers for generation and reception have several limitations, for example in coupling to materials at elevated temperature, Or to samples of complex shapes, or because of their restricted bandwidth. These limitations are eliminated by laser-ultrasonics, a technique which uses lasers for generation and detection of ultrasound. Following a review of the various principles used for generation, we present various methods for detection and the corresponding probes which have been developed in our laboratories. Various applications to ultrasonic velocity and attenuation determination made possible by using these probes are then discussed.
On Anomalous Diffusion of Devices in Molecular Communication Systems (2022)

A one-dimensional (1-D) anomalous-diffusive molecular communication channel is considered, wherein the devices (transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX)) can move in either direction along the axis. For modeling the anomalous diffusion of information carrying molecules (ICM) as well as that of the TX and RX, the concept of time-scaled Brownian motion is explored. In this context, a novel closed-form expression for the first hitting time density (FHTD) is derived. Further, the derived FHTD is validated through particle-based simulation. For the transmission of binary information, the timing modulation is exploited. Furthermore, the channel is assumed as a binary erasure channel (BEC) and analyzed in terms of achievable information rate (AIR).
Pepsin-Containing Membranes for Controlled Monoclonal Antibody Digestion Prior to Mass Spectrometry Analysis (2015)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are the fastest growing class of therapeutic drugs, because of their high specificities to target cells. Facile analysis of therapeutic mAbs and their post-translational modifications (PTMs) is essential for quality control, and mass spectrometry (MS) is the most powerful tool for antibody characterization. This study uses pepsin-containing nylon membranes as controlled proteolysis reactors for mAb digestion prior to ultrahigh-resolution Orbitrap MS analysis. Variation of the residence times (from 3 ms to 3 s) of antibody solutions in the membranes yields "bottom-up" (1-2 kDa) to "middle-down" (5-15 kDa) peptide sizes within less than 10 min. These peptides cover the entire sequences of Trastuzumab and a Waters antibody, and a proteolytic peptide comprised of 140 amino acids from the Waters antibody contains all three complementarity determining regions on the light chain. This work compares the performance of "bottom-up" (in-solution tryptic digestion), "top-down" (intact protein fragmentation), and "middle-down" (in-membrane digestion) analysis of an antibody light chain. Data from tandem MS show 99%, 55%, and 99% bond cleavage for "bottom-up", "top-down", and "middle-down" analyses, respectively. In-membrane digestion also facilitates detection of PTMs such as oxidation, deamidation, N-terminal pyroglutamic acid formation, and glycosylation. Compared to "bottom-up" and "top-down" approaches for antibody characterization, in-membrane digestion uses minimal sample preparation time, and this technique also yields high peptide and sequence coverage for the identification of PTMs.
Application of photopolymer to core‐hair type microgels with various hair length (2001)

Abstract The new microgels, called “core‐hair” type microgels, were synthesized. They have a hair moiety consisting of the oxyhexano‐1,7‐diyl ( O ( CH 2 ) 5  C ( O )) group as a spacer and the acryloyl group for polymerization. The hair length depends on the number of spacer units, and affects the viscosity and the thixotropy index of the microgel. These core‐hair microgels show the pseudo‐plastic flow of a non‐Newtonian fluid with moderate to high dispersibility in water or alcoholic solvents. Due ­to their viscosities and dispersibilities, these core‐hair microgels are useful for photopolymer, e.g . for screen printing. Therefore, these microgels were actually applied to screen printing and confirmed pattern forming on a screen printing plate through water development. We now discuss the relation between the viscosity, the dispersibility, the photosensitivity, and the rate of photopolymerization to the hair length of the microgel. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
META-pipe - Pipeline Annotation, Analysis and Visualization of Marine\n Metagenomic Sequence Data (2016)

The marine environment is one of the most important sources for microbial\nbiodiversity on the planet. These microbes are drivers for many biogeochemical\nprocesses, and their enormous genetic potential is still not fully explored or\nexploited. Marine metagenomics (DNA shotgun sequencing), not only offers\nopportunities for studying structure and function of microbial communities, but\nalso identification of novel biocatalysts and bioactive compounds. However,\ndata analysis, management, storage, processing and interpretation are\nsignificant challenges in marine metagenomics due to the high diversity in\nsamples and the size of the marine flagship projects. We provide a new\npipeline, META-pipe, for marine metagenomics analysis. It offers pre-\nprocessing, assembly, taxonomic classification and functional analysis. To\nreduce the effort to develop and deploy it, we have integrated existing\nbiological analysis frameworks, and compute and storage infrastructure\nresources. Our current META-pipe web service provides integration with identity\nprovider services, distributed storage, computation on a Supercomputer, Galaxy\nworkflows, and interactive data visualizations. We have evaluated the\nscalability and performance of the analysis pipeline. Our results demonstrate\nhow to develop and deploy a pipeline on distributed compute and storage\nresources, and discusses important challenges related to this process.\n
Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions in Flow: Multistep Synthesis Enabled by a Microfluidic Extraction (2011)

Steter Erfolg: Eine Suzuki-Miyaura-Kreuzkupplung, die von Phenolen ausgeht, wurde in einem kontinuierlichen Strömungssystem durch die Anwendung einer effizienten mikrofluidischen Extraktion in Kombination mit einem Festbettreaktor ermöglicht. 14 verschiedene Biaryle wurden in ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten erhalten. TBAB=Bu4N+Br−.
P3‐276: Amyloidogenesis targeting small molecule as a drug candidate (2010)

Since cholinergic deficit in the central nervous system has been observed in AD patients, inhibitors for acetylcholine esterase (AchE) such as tacrin, donepezil, and rivastigmine are used for the clinical treatment of AD symptoms in current therapeutic approaches. Although these are the only FDA-approved AD therapies on the market, they cannot solve fundamental problems but can be only palliative solutions. Pathomorphologically important hallmarks in AD are senile plaques (SP) composed of amyloid β (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Therefore, reducing deposition of Aβ plaques in the brain is believed to be pivotal to treat the AD patients. Based on Aβ hypothesis, Aβ(1-42) monomers released from APP by β- and γ-secretases are gradually aggregated to oligomers, protofibrils, and fibrils. Aβ(1-42) aggregates such as oligomers and fibrils deposit in the brain causing strong neuronal toxicity. In addition, it was recently reported that oligomers might be more toxic than fibrils, and the oligomers are becoming the target for the development of AD treatments. Here we report pharmacology, ADME and toxicity tests of a novel aminostyrylbenzofuran derivative with potent inhibitory activities for amyloidogenesis. KMS88009 showed outstanding results in in vitro Inhibition activities of formation of Aβ42 plague, fear conditioning, water maze, Y-maze, noble object recognition, hERG assay, ADME and toxicity. In particular, KMS88009 is a promising AD drug candidate as an amyloidogenesis modulator.
Associations of MHC Ancestral Haplotypes with Resistance/Susceptibility to AIDS Disease Development (2003)

We tested the association of MHC ancestral haplotypes with rapid or slow progression to AIDS by comparing their frequencies in the French genetics of resistance/susceptibility to immunodeficiency virus cohort with that reported in a control French population. Seven ancestral haplotypes were identified in the genetics of resistance/susceptibility to immunodeficiency virus cohort with a frequency >1%. The 8.1 (odds ratio (OR) = 3, p = 0.006), 35.1 (OR = 5.7, p = 0.001), and 44.2 (OR = 3.4, p = 0.007) ancestral haplotypes were associated with rapid progression, whereas the 35.2 (OR = 3.6, p = 0.001), 44.1 (OR = 5.4, p < 10(-4)), and 57.1 (OR = 5.8, p < 10(-4)) ancestral haplotypes were associated with slow progression to AIDS. Although the frequency of each ancestral haplotype is low in the population, the OR were quite higher than those previously obtained for single HLA allele associations, with some p values as low as 10(-4). The analysis of the recombinant fragments of these haplotypes allowed the identification of the MHC regions in the 35.1, 35.2, and 44.2 haplotypes associated with rapid progression to AIDS and the MHC regions of the 44.1 and 57.1 haplotypes associated with slow progression to AIDS. Previous studies have identified single HLA alleles associated with disease progression. Our results on recombinant fragments confirm the direct role of HLA-B35 in rapid progression. Associations with HLA-A29 and -B57 might be due to linkage disequilibrium with other causative genes within the MHC region.
Enamel-Smear Compromises Bonding by Mild Self-Etch Adhesives (2010)

In light of the increased popularity of less acidic, so-called 'ultra-mild' self-etch adhesives, adhesion to enamel is becoming more critical. It is hypothesized that this compromised enamel bonding should, to a certain extent, be attributed to interference of bur debris smeared across enamel during cavity preparation. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed that the enamel smear layer differed not only in thickness, but also in crystal density and size, depending on the surface-preparation method used. Lab-demineralization of sections clearly disclosed that resin-infiltration of an ultra-mild self-etch adhesive progressed preferentially along micro-cracks that were abundantly present at and underneath the bur-cut enamel surface. The surface-preparation method significantly affected the nature of the smear layer and the interaction with the ultra-mild adhesive, being more uniform and dense for a lab-SiC-prepared surface vs. a clinically relevant bur-prepared surface.
Smart grid control and communication: The SmartC2net Real-Time HIL approach (2015)

The expected growth in distributed generation will significantly affect the operation and control of today's distribution grids. Being confronted with fast fluctuating power from distributed generations, the assurance of a reliable service (grid stability, avoidance of energy losses) and the quality of the power may become costly. In this light, Smart Grids may provide an answer towards a more active and efficient electrical network. The EU project SmartC2Net aims to enable smart grid operations over imperfect, heterogeneous general purpose networks, which poses a significant challenge to the reliability due to the stochastic behaviour found in such networks. Therefore, key concepts are presented in this paper targeting the support of proper smart grid control in these network environments and its Real-Time Hardware-In-the Loop (HIL) verification. An overview on the required Information and Communication Technology (ICT) architecture and its functionality is provided and a description of a relevant use case that deals with voltage control on medium and low voltage networks along its evaluation approach on an experimental test bed is detailed.
Plagiochiline A Inhibits Cytokinetic Abscission and Induces Cell Death (2018)

We previously reported on the isolation and biological activities of plagiochiline A (<b>1</b>), a 2,3-secoaromadendrane-type sesquiterpenoid from the Peruvian medicinal plant, <i>Plagiochila disticha</i>. This compound was found to have antiproliferative effects on a variety of solid tumor cell lines, as well as several leukemia cell lines. Other researchers have also noted the cytotoxicity of plagiochiline A (isolated from different plant species), but there are no prior reports regarding the mechanism for this bioactivity. Here, we have evaluated the effects of plagiochiline A on cell cycle progression in DU145 prostate cancer cells. A cell cycle analysis indicated that plagiochiline A caused a significant increase in the percentage of cells in the G₂/M phase when compared with control cells. When cells were stained and observed by fluorescence microscopy to examine progress through the mitotic phase, we found a significant increase in the proportion of cells with features of late cytokinesis (cells connected by intercellular bridges) in the plagiochiline A-treated samples. These results suggest that plagiochiline A inhibits cell division by preventing completion of cytokinesis, particularly at the final abscission stage. We also determined that plagiochiline A reduces DU145 cell survival in clonogenic assays and that it induces substantial cell death in these cells.
Correction: Genome-Wide Association Study Reveals Multiple Loci Associated with Primary Tooth Development during Infancy (2010)

Tooth development is a highly heritable process which relates to other growth and developmental processes, and which interacts with the development of the entire craniofacial complex.Abnormalities of tooth development are common, with tooth agenesis being the most common developmental anomaly in humans.We performed a genome-wide association study of time to first tooth eruption and number of teeth at one year in 4,564 individuals from the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort (NFBC1966) and 1,518 individuals from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC).We identified 5 loci at P,5610 28 , and 5 with suggestive association (P,5610 26 ).The loci included several genes with links to tooth and other organ development (KCNJ2, EDA, HOXB2, RAD51L1, IGF2BP1, HMGA2, MSRB3).Genes at four of the identified loci are implicated in the development of cancer.A variant within the HOXB gene cluster associated with occlusion defects requiring orthodontic treatment by age 31 years.
Process Optimization for the Large-Scale Preparation of (2S,3aR,7aS)-tert-Butyl Hexahydro-2,5-methanopyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-1(4H)-carboxylate, an Intermediate for Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists (2018)

An optimized large-scale synthesis of (2S,3aR,7aS)-tert-butyl hexahydro-2,5-methanopyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-1(4H)-carboxylate (1A), an important intermediate for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists, is described. The key feature of the synthesis involves three transformations in a one-pot process, including debenzylation and ring hydrogenation of two fused bicyclic rings. Multihundred gram quantities of 1A were prepared.
Developments in our understanding of the effects of growth hormone on white adipose tissue from mice: implications to the clinic (2016)

Adipose tissue (AT) is a well-established target of growth hormone (GH) and is altered in clinical conditions associated with excess, deficiency and absence of GH action. Due to the difficulty in collecting AT from clinical populations, genetically modified mice have been useful in better understanding how GH affects this tissue. Recent findings in mice would suggest that the impact of GH on AT is beyond alterations of lipolysis, lipogenesis or proliferation/ differentiation. AT depot-specific alterations in immune cells, extracellular matrix, adipokines, and senescence indicate an expanded role for GH in AT physiology. This mouse data will guide additional studies necessary to evaluate the therapeutic potential and safety of GH for conditions associated with altering AT, such as obesity. In this review, we introduce several relatively new intricacies of GH's effect on AT, focusing on recent studies in mice. Finally, we summarize the clinical implications of these findings.
DRDU (2007)

In multimedia and other streaming applications, a significant portion of energy is spent on data transfers. Exploiting data reuse opportunities in the application, we can reduce this energy by making copies of frequently used data in a small local memory and replacing speed- and power-inefficient transfers from main off-chip memory by more efficient local data transfers. In this article we present an automated approach for analyzing these opportunities in a program that allows modification of the program to use custom scratch-pad memory configurations comprising a hierarchical set of buffers for local storage of frequently reused data. Using our approach we are able to both reduce energy consumption of the memory subsystem when using a scratch-pad memory by about a factor of two, on average, and improve memory system performance compared to a cache of the same size.
Combining pseudoranges from GPS and Loran-C for air navigation (2002)

Position fixing, receiver autonomous fault detection, and receiver autonomous fault isolation are treated as system services, and the probability of outage for these three services is computed. The outage probability for the level of service required for nonprecision approach and enroute navigation in the National Airspace System is computed. The analysis assumes that GPS (Global Positioning System) is configured in the Optimal 21 constellation and includes the effects of satellite as well as Loran station failures. it is pointed out that user equipment which combines pseudoranges from GPS and Loran would be more reliable than an unaided GPS receiver or a Loran-only receiver. It could remove coverage outages caused by satellite failures and/or bad satellite geometry. Similarly, it could remove most of the coverage outages caused by Loran station shutdowns, high atmospheric noise levels, or precipitation static. A hybrid GPS/Loran receiver could also reliably provide self-contained fault detection and isolation (otherwise known as receiver autonomous integrity monitoring).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Finite strain ferroelectric constitutive laws (1994)

The thermodynamic theory of piezoelectricity is typically derived under the assumption of small strain. This poses difficulties when applying the theory to finite strain piezoelectric polymers. In this work, finite strain constitutive laws are developed. The results indicate that not only do the stress, strain, electric field, and electric displacement differ when referred to the undeformed or the deformed reference state, the constitutive coefficients also differ by a geometric term. The Maxwell relations, however, hold in both cases. It is recommended that the experimentalist normalize variables with respect to the initial sample dimensions and not attempt to make corrections for dimensional changes.
<title>Digital HDTV transmission system via satellite</title> (1993)

This paper describes a study for digital transmission system of HDTV signals through the satellite channel. This system has been designed to utilize QPSK modulation via 36 MHz bandwidth Ku band transponder. Convolutional code of rate 3/4 and (255,239) Reed-Solomon code are applied for the purpose of error protection. The system provides the transmission rate of 40 Mbps for video. In order to achieve such video date rate, we studied adaptive noise reduction filter, adaptive motion compensation and adaptive formation of blocks for DCT. This method provides a good picture quality of HDTV signals at the rate of 40 Mbps. The results of our study prove that the system is feasible. At present, we are assembling the codec which performs source coding and part of channel coding in this system. This codec can effectively confirm the performance of the basic algorithm in MPEG2.