gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large size LSO:Ce and YSO:Ce scintillators for 50 MeV range /spl gamma/-ray detector (2000)

LSO:Ce and LYSO:Ce scintillators are candidates for the pre-shower detector for the search for /spl mu//sup +//spl rarr/e/sup +/ /spl gamma/ decay with the branching-ratio sensitivity of 10/sup -14/ at PSI (Villigen, Switzerland). The detection involves 52.8 MeV /spl gamma/-rays. To study the response of the crystals to high energy /spl gamma/-rays we have chosen a Pu-Be neutron source which gives mono-energetic 4.439 MeV /spl gamma/-rays due to the /sup 9/Be(/spl alpha/,n) reaction. We have studied the response of a /spl phi/60/spl times/10 mm YSO:0.2%Ce crystal and a half disk of /spl phi/60/spl times/10 mm LSO:0.2%Ce. Despite the large background of /sup 176/Lu, the high energy /spl gamma/-rays can be detected efficiently. We have also studied the response to lower energy /spl gamma/-rays (from /sup 137/Cs and /sup 60/Co sources) and found the conditions of optimum work. The YSO crystal detects 4.439 MeV /spl gamma/-rays primarily by double 511 keV escapes that form a distinct peak in the energy spectrum.
MemPool-3D: Boosting Performance and Efficiency of Shared-L1 Memory Many-Core Clusters with 3D Integration (2022)

Three-dimensional integrated circuits promise power, performance, and footprint gains compared to their 2D counter-parts, thanks to drastic reductions in the interconnects' length through their smaller form factor. We can leverage the potential of 3D integration by enhancing MemPool, an open-source many-core design with 256 cores and a shared pool of L1 scratchpad memory connected with a low-latency interconnect. MemPool's baseline 2D design is severely limited by routing congestion and wire propagation delay, making the design ideal for 3D integration. In architectural terms, we increase MemPool's scratchpad memory capacity beyond the sweet spot for 2D designs, improving performance in a common digital signal processing kernel. We propose a 3D MemPool design that leverages a smart partitioning of the memory resources across two layers to balance the size and utilization of the stacked dies. In this paper, we explore the architectural and the technology parameter spaces by analyzing the power, performance, area, and energy efficiency of MemPool instances in 2D and 3D with 1 MiB, 2 MiB, 4 MiB, and 8 MiB of scratchpad memory in a commercial 28 nm technology node. We observe a performance gain of 9.1% when running a matrix multiplication on MemPool-3D with 4 MiB of scratchpad memory compared to the MemPool 2D counterpart. In terms of energy efficiency, we can implement the MemPool-3D instance with 4 MiB of L1 memory on an energy budget 15 % smaller than its 2D counterpart, and 3.7 % smaller than the MemPool-2D instance with a fourth of the L1 scratchpad memory capacity.
E-LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: EXPLORATORY SURVEY AMONG ROMANIAN STUDENTS (2018)

Internet and the related Information and Communications Technologies (the ICTs) has become an important component of teaching and learning in higher education. The concept of e-Learning is subject to constant change and can be defined as a learning system based on formalised teaching with the help of electronic resources. E-Learning systems can include fully online, mixed mode (also known as Blended Learning) or web assisted courses and there are numerous tools and features at the disposal of students and universities teachers. The main objective of this paper was to highlight the role of and the need for e-Learning in Romanian higher education. In order to achieve this aim, two main research activities were carried out. First, an extensive literature review was performed for understanding the e-Learning technologies and their applications in academic environment. Second, an exploratory research was developed to identify the students' education preference, perception regarding e-Learning effectiveness and their readiness to its adoption. A structured questionnaire was designed and applied to the graduated and undergraduate students of The Bucharest University of Economic Studies. The quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics and other tools available in Statistical Packages for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results of the survey revealed the positive attitudes towards e-Learning and technology-mediated education, especially among graduated students. Participants of survey also considered that e-Learning enhances the understanding of course content and improve collaboration and interactivity between students and teachers. These findings allow to draw suggestions for future research directions and recommendations regarding e-Learning implementation in Romanian higher education.
Investigating the potential for long-term permeable reactive barrier (PRB) monitoring from the electrical signatures associated with the reduction in reactive iron performance (2003)

The ultimate objective of this project is to quantify the ability of the electrical induced polarization (IP) method to non-invasively monitor the reduction in reactive iron performance that is known to reduce the effectiveness of the permeable reactive barrier (PRB) with time. The primary scientific goals include: (1) fundamental laboratory studies to evaluate the sensitivity of the IP method to physical/chemical changes to the iron surface resulting from oxidation, precipitation and clogging (2) monitoring of the electrical tomographic response of an installed PRB over a three-year period and assessment, via correlation with aqueous geochemical data and extracted iron cores, of whether electrical signatures associated with reduced PRB performance are resolvable in field studies (3) optimization of a three-dimensional tomographic imaging algorithm for application to highly conductive, high electrical contrast environments as represented by a PRB IP theory and empirical data resulting from the original development of the method for mineral exploration suggests that the method is highly relevant in the study of reactive iron barriers. Laboratory and field IP studies on mineral deposits illustrate the sensitivity of IP parameters to metal concentration, particle size and metal surface chemistry. IP theory, based on electrical (Warburg) impedance associated with diffusive ion transfer to/from the electrolyte to electron exchange sites on the metal surface, provides a framework for interpreting IP signatures of PRBs as a function of redox chemistry.
1D composite fermions: Bogoliubov-like mode in the Tonks-Girardeau gas (2006)

We reformulate 1D boson-fermion duality in path-integral terms. The result is a 1D counterpart of the boson-fermion duality in the 2D Chern-Simons gauge theory. The theory is consistent and enables, using standard resummation techniques, to obtain the long-wavelength asymptotics of the collective mode in 1D boson systems at the Tonks-Girardeau regime. The collective mode has the dispersion of Bogoliubov phonons: ω(q) = q(U(q)/m)1/2, where is the bosons density and U(q) is a Fourier component of the two-body potential.
Processing conditions and transglutaminase sources to “drive” the wheat gluten dough quality (2020)

Gluten proteins are highly impacting the quality of various gluten-based products, and transglutaminases (TGs) are used to influence the protein cross-linking. In this study we monitored the interplay of “harsh” and “mild” gluten processing for dough mixing and pasta-like sheet production and TGs from a commercial and newly sourced bacteria (SB6). Despite the harshly separated gluten presenting strongly cross-linked proteins in the beginning of the mixing, similar levels of polymerization were achieved at the optimum mixing time but with differences in the secondary protein structure. TG addition increased polymerization in wheat doughs, possibly as a result of increased glutenin polymerization, while gliadins become more soluble with SB6. This enzyme also dramatically increased polymerization in mild gluten. These results show that an adequate investigation when using TGs and gluten from various origins is necessary to adequately predict the quality in various gluten-based products, thus, of great relevance to the food industry. Currently, there is a mounting trend towards the modification of gluten proteins to improve technological features and functionality. In breadmaking, when weak flour (low protein content) is used or general stabilization is desired for technological purposes, additives can be used to stabilize the gluten protein matrix. The use of transglutaminase (TG) has grown in popularity as they promote specific cross-linking between residues of glutamine and lysine in proteins. Another way of improving dough functionality is by increasing the oxidation of disulfide groups by adding gluten which is a co-product of the starch industry. Industrial production of gluten includes the use of heating and shear forces, which may impact gluten dough-forming ability. Thus, increased understanding of the interplay of gluten processing and the impact of choice of the TG origin in gluten dough quality is highly applicable in food industry.
Asymmetric Catalytic Coupling of Organoboranes, Alkynes, and Imines with a Removable (Trialkylsilyloxy)ethyl Group—Direct Access to Enantiomerically Pure Primary Allylic Amines (2004)

The aryl substituent on the catalyst is central to the success of the title reaction (see scheme) which affords allylic amines in up to 89 % ee and 91 % yield with a catalyst derived from [Ni(cod)2] and a P-chiral ferrocenyl phosphane (e.g. 1). The coupling products are easily deprotected to enantiomerically enriched, tetrasubstituted primary allylic amines, which can be recrystallized to optical purity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460044_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Benchmarking 3D Reconstructions from Next Best View Planning. (2007)

The problem of planning the Next Best View (NBV) still poses many questions. However, the achieved meth-ods and algorithms are hard to compare, since research-ers use their own test objects for planning and recon-struction and compute specific quality measures. Con-sequently, these numbers make different statements about different objects. Thus, the quality of the results and the performance of the methods are not easily comparable. In order to mend this lack of measure and comparability, this paper suggests a test object together with a reference benchmark. These allow comparison of reconstruction results from different NBV algorithms achieved with dif-ferent techniques and various kinds of sensors. 1.
Nanoscale Topography Influences Polymer Surface Diffusion (2015)

Using high-throughput single-molecule tracking, we studied the diffusion of poly(ethylene glycol) chains at the interface between water and a hydrophobic surface patterned with an array of hexagonally arranged nanopillars. Polymer molecules displayed anomalous diffusion; in particular, they exhibited intermittent motion (i.e., immobilization and "hopping") suggestive of continuous-time random walk (CTRW) behavior associated with desorption-mediated surface diffusion. The statistics of the molecular trajectories changed systematically on surfaces with pillars of increasing height, exhibiting motion that was increasingly subdiffusive and with longer waiting times between diffusive steps. The trajectories were well-described by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations of CTRW motion in the presence of randomly distributed permeable obstacles, where the permeability (the main undetermined parameter) was conceptually related to the obstacle height. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms of interfacial transport in the presence of obstacles and on nanotopographically patterned surfaces.
Physical characterization of ultrathin high k dielectrics (2003)

Targeting very thin equivalent oxides (<1 nm) requires the deposition of (very) thin dielectrics onto silicon surfaces with minimal interfacial oxide. Typically, high-k dielectric layers are deposited using ALD or MOCVD with, at present, a prime emphasis on Hf-based high-k dielectrics, either as pure HfO/sub 2/, as silicate or mixed with Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/. In some cases nitrogen is added to improve the high-temperature stability. Depending on the deposition conditions ALD as well as MOCVD show serious deficiencies in terms of film closure and material density for ultra thin (<3 nm) films. Various surface preparation methods and deposition conditions are used to improve the film quality.. Detailed studies on the film growth and its evolution requires the use of many analytical methods such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, low energy ion scattering, time-of-flight SIMS, (spectroscopic) ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. When trying to correlate the results in terms of film thickness, apparent discrepancies can be observed which relate to nonhomogeneous growth and reduced material density.
Abstract 532: Effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors on Renal Function (2007)

Background : 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) reduce serum cholesterol, and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The role of lipids in the progression of kidney disease and the potential beneficial effects of statins on renal function is unknown. Oxidative stress and inflammation may be the missing link between CAD and chronic kidney disease. Statins may protect the kidney through both lipid lowering properties and pleiotropic effects. Methods : We analyzed data in 197, 551 patients (mean age 64.8 ± 13.6 years, 95% males, 29.5% (58,332) statin users, and 70.5% (139, 219) non-statin users), who had baseline creatinine less than 3.5 mg/dl, from the cross-sectional data mined from the Veterans Affairs VISN 16 database. Deterioration of renal function was defined as doubling of the baseline or increase in creatinine of 0.5 mg/dl over at least 90 days. Results : Based on this definition, 3.4% of patients developed renal deterioration over 5 year of follow-up. After adjustment for demographics, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and other medications (especially use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, calcium channel blockers and aspirin, all of which were confounders of the statin-renal deterioration relationship), use of statins reduced the odds of deterioration in renal function by 15% (OR 0.85, 95% CI = 0.80 – 0.89, p &lt; 0.0001). This effect was independent of cholesterol lowering effect of statins. Impact of other variables was as follows: age (OR = 1.04, CI = 1.03–1.04, p &lt; 0.0001), diabetes (OR = 1.76, CI = 1.67–1.85, p &lt; 0.0001), and smoking (OR = 1.76, CI = 1.05–1.23, p = 0.0014). Conclusion : Statin use may retard the progression of renal disease. Although the precise mechanism is not known, lowering of LDL-cholesterol and improvement in endothelial function by statins may relate to reno-protective effect.
Data from Anaplastic, Plasmablastic, and Plasmacytic Plasmacytomas of Mice: Relationships to Human Plasma Cell Neoplasms and Late-Stage Differentiation of Normal B Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We have compared histologic features and gene expression profiles of newly identified plasmacytomas from NFS.V&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; congenic mice with plasmacytomas of &lt;i&gt;IL6&lt;/i&gt; transgenic, &lt;i&gt;Fasl&lt;/i&gt; mutant, and SJL-β2M&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice. NFS.V&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; tumors comprised an overlapping morphologic spectrum of high-grade/anaplastic, intermediate-grade/plasmablastic, and low-grade/plasmacytic cases with similarities to subsets of human multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma. Microarray and immunohistochemical analyses of genes expressed by the most prevalent tumors, plasmablastic plasmacytomas, showed them to be most closely related to immunoblastic lymphomas, less so to plasmacytomas of &lt;i&gt;Fasl&lt;/i&gt; mutant and SJL mice, and least to plasmacytic plasmacytomas of &lt;i&gt;IL6&lt;/i&gt; transgenic mice. Plasmablastic tumors seemed to develop in an inflammatory environment associated with gene signatures of T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages not seen with plasmacytic plasmacytomas. Plasmablastic plasmacytomas from NFS.V&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and SJL-β2M&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice did not have structural alterations in &lt;i&gt;Myc&lt;/i&gt; or T(12;15) translocations and did not express &lt;i&gt;Myc&lt;/i&gt; at high levels, regular features of transgenic and pristane-induced plasmacytomas. These findings imply that, as for human multiple myeloma, &lt;i&gt;Myc&lt;/i&gt;-independent routes of transformation contribute to the pathogenesis of these tumors. These findings suggest that plasma cell neoplasms of mice and humans exhibit similar degrees of complexity. Mouse plasmacytomas, previously considered to be homogeneous, may thus be as diverse as their human counterparts with respect to oncogenic mechanisms of plasma cell transformation. Selecting specific types of mouse plasmacytomas that relate most closely to subtypes of human multiple myeloma may provide new opportunities for preclinical testing of drugs for treatment of the human disease. [Cancer Res 2007;67(6):2439–47]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Fully-Parallel Soft-Decision Cycle Slip Recovery (2017)

We propose a parallel cycle slip recovery method employing soft-decision slip-state estimation at pilots. Through mutual information analysis, we show that the proposed method achieves 0.6 dB gain in the presence of frequent cycle slips and strong phase noise.
Pulsed-Laser Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1998)

The free-radical propagation rate coefficients for methyl methacrylate (MMA) in liquid and supercritical carbon dioxide have been successfully determined using pulsed-laser polymerization (PLP) method. The effect of carbon dioxide solvency on the propagation rate coefficient, kp, is examined at 180 bar for a temperature range of 20−80 °C. The temperature dependency of the obtained kp data is evaluated by use of the Arrhenius equation. The resulting activation energy is (25.4 ± 1.2 kJ·mol-1, and the preexponential factor is (5.2 ± 3.0 × 106 L·mol-1·s-1. These results are compared to the bulk activation parameters for the propagation rate coefficient of MMA as set forth by the IUPAC working party on “Modeling of Kinetics and Processes of Polymerization”. The discrepancy in the propagation rate coefficients at the lower temperature regime is attributed to a solvent effect of CO2. This is consistent with the results from a recent PLP study of this monomer.
SUBVISIBLE RETINAL LASER THERAPY (2013)

A retinal laser dosimetry protocol based on the Endpoint Management algorithm provides reproducible changes in retinal morphology in animals with various levels of pigmentation. This algorithm opens doors to clinical trials of well-defined subvisible and nondestructive regimes of retinal therapy, especially important for treatment of macular disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Pyridinones from the Combination of Fe2(μ‐CH2)(CO)8 with Phosphinimines and Alkynes. (1990)

Abstract Starting from the binuclear complexes (I), earlier reported high‐yield products from Fe2(μ‐CH2)(CO)8 and phosphinimines, the substituted pyridinones (V) are synthesized by alkyne insertion and readily releasing from the obtained ferrapyridine complexes (III) ((IIIc): space group P2 1 /n, Z=4).
0.5V Bit-Line-Voltage Self-Boost-Programming in Ferroelectric-NAND Flash Memory (2011)

Self-boost-programming for ferroelectric-NAND (Fe-NAND) flash memory was investigated by using a miniature memory cell array, which could reduce bit-line voltages for programming. As the best performance, 0.5V bit-line-voltage programming with 10μs-pulse width was successfully demonstrated. This study indicated that the Fe-NAND flash memory can be operated by much lower power consumption than that of a conventional floating gate (FG-) NAND.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Small-Molecule RA-9 Inhibits Proteasome-Associated DUBs and Ovarian Cancer <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> via Exacerbating Unfolded Protein Responses (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 504KB, RA-9 inhibits tumor growth in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Economic and fast electro-flotation extraction of heavy metals from wastewater (2022)

Fast electroflotation extraction of heavy metals from wastewater is described. The results of experimental investigations of the extraction of iron, aluminium and chromium hydroxides from aqueous solutions in the presence of surfactants of various natures and ions of calcium by electroflotation are presented. It was found that the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup> in the solution at a concentration of 0.5 g/L reduced the degree of electroflotation extraction of Al(OH)<sub>3</sub>, Fe(OH)<sub>3</sub>, Cr(OH)<sub>3</sub> regardless of the nature of the electrolyte. The addition of surfactants in the system in the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup> increased the amount of extraction of the dispersed phase. The greatest effect is achieved with the help of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate, while the degree of extraction reached 98%. The high efficiency of the process of electroflotation extraction of the dispersed phase was due to the hydrophobization of the particle surface owing to the adsorption of surfactants on the surface of hydroxides. The recent method is useful to treat wastewater contaminated with aluminium, iron and chromium metal ions. The reason is that this method is very fast working within 20 min; Moreover, pH 7.0 working made this method ideal for utilisation in natural water treatment economically.
1800 V, 3.8 A bipolar junction transistors in 4H-SiC (2002)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a very attractive material for high voltage, high power switching devices. Power MOSFETs in SiC have received the most attention, but high performance SiC MOSFETs have yet to be developed due to poor MOS mobility and reliability, especially in 4H-SiC. On the other hand, bipolar devices such as GTOs (Agarwal et al, 1999) have demonstrated high blocking voltages and high on-currents, taking full advantage of the material properties of SiC. In this paper, we report the first demonstration of high voltage NPN bipolar junction transistors in 4H-SiC. The BJTs were able to block 1800 V and showed an on-resistance of 10.8 m/spl Omega/cm/sup 2/ (I/sub C/=2.7 A at V/sub CE/=2 V for a 1 mm/spl times/1.4 mm active area), which outperforms all previously reported SiC power switching devices. Moreover, these transistors show a negative temperature coefficient in the on-resistance characteristics, which enables easy paralleling of the devices. The BJTs were fabricated in 4H-SiC with a 20 /spl mu/m thick, 2.5/spl times/10/sup 15/cm/sup -3/ doped collector layer, 1 /spl mu/m thick, 2.5/spl times/10/sup 17/cm/sup -3/ doped base layer, and 0.75 /spl mu/m thick N+ emitter layer. The N+ emitter fingers were isolated by RIE, and then aluminum was implanted to form base contact regions. The base layer was then RIE etched to isolate the devices, and boron ions were implanted to form JTE termination regions. Alloyed Ni was used for both N-type and P-type ohmic contacts. A Ti/Au layer was then deposited and patterned as overlayer and probing pads.