gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gamma rays and bleomycin nick DNA and reverse the DNase I sensitivity of beta-globin gene chromatin in vivo. (1987)

The active beta-globin genes in chicken erythrocytes, like all active genes, reside in large chromatin domains which are preferentially sensitive to digestion by DNase I. We have recently proposed that the special structure of chromatin in active domains is maintained by torsional stress in the DNA (Villeponteau et al., Cell 39:469-478, 1984). This hypothesis predicts that nicking of the DNA within any such chromosomal domain in vivo will relax the DNA and lead to loss of the special DNase I-sensitive state. Here we have tested this prediction by using gamma irradiation and bleomycin treatment to cleave DNA within intact chicken embryo erythrocytes. Both treatments cause reversal of DNase I sensitivity. Moreover, reversal occurs at approximately one nick per 150 kilobase pairs for both agents despite their entirely unrelated modes of cell penetration and DNA attack. These results suggest that the domain of DNase I sensitivity surrounding the beta-globin genes comprises 150 kilobase pairs of chromatin under torsional stress and that a single DNA nick in this region is sufficient to reverse the DNase I sensitivity throughout the entire domain.
A flexible projector-camera system for multi-planar displays (2004)

We present a novel multi-planar display system based on an uncalibrated projector-camera pair. Our system exploits the juxtaposition of planar surfaces in a room to create ad-hoc visualization and display capabilities. In an office setting, for example, a desk pushed against a wall provides two perpendicular surfaces that can simultaneously display elevation and plan views of an architectural model. In contrast to previous room-level projector-camera systems, our method is based on a flexible calibration procedure that requires a minimum amount of information for the geometry of the multi-planar surface scenario. A number of display configurations can be created on any available planar surfaces using a single commodity projector and camera. The key to our calibration approach is an efficient technique for simultaneously localizing multiple planes and a robust planar metric rectification method, which can tolerate a restricted camera field-of-view and requires no special calibration objects. We demonstrate the robustness of our calibration method using real and synthetic images and present several applications of our display system.
COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF PEDIATRIC TESTICULAR VOLUME: ORCHIDOMETER VERSUS ULTRASOUND (2000)

Testicular volume measurements obtained with the Prader and Rochester orchidometers were compared to those obtained using scrotal ultrasound. The ability of each orchidometer versus ultrasound in detecting volume differential between 2 testes and the accuracy of orchidometer measurement by a less experienced examiner to that of a urologist were compared.A total of 65 males were examined by the attending urologist and urology nurse using the Prader and Rochester orchidometers, and scrotal ultrasound was subsequently performed by an attending radiologist. Statistical analysis of the results was performed to determine the correlation of orchidometer measurements between examiners, as well as with ultrasound, and sensitivity and specificity of orchidometer and ultrasound in detecting defined volume differentials between testes of 10%, 15%, 20% and 25%.There was a strong linear relationship between testicular volume measurements using either orchidometer and ultrasound. To detect a defined volume differential as determined by ultrasound orchidometer sensitivity was weak, whereas orchidometer specificity was better. There was a strong correlation between orchidometer measurements of the urology nurse and attending urologist.Although the orchidometer remains valuable in assessing size of the individual testis, it is too insensitive to volume differentials relative to ultrasound to be used routinely to determine growth impairment. For this reason observation of an adolescent with varicocele should include an annual ultrasound assessment of testicular volume.
Fiber-optic PSK Subcarrier Transmission At 35 GHz Over 6.3 Km Using A Grating External Cavity Semiconductor Laser (1993)

Millimeter wave modulation of semiconductor lasers is of great interest for radar, communications, satellite links and electronic warfare systems. Applications include phased array radars, antenna remoting, and delay lines. Optical fiber technology offers many advantages such as high bandwidth, low loss, low weight, low dispersion, flexibility and immunity to EMI and lightning, and is an excellent replacement for a mmwave waveguide.
Modeling the Surface Pressure Spectrum on Rough Walls in Pressure Gradients (2023)

Abstract Models for surface pressure spectra beneath rough wall boundary layers are assessed, with particular emphasis on prediction from steady, Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) data. RANS roughness boundary conditions are shown to have qualitatively good trends between roughness function and roughness Reynolds number, but model-to-model discrepancies remain and the universality of an equivalent sandgrain roughness height for turbulence models is doubtful. Existing empirical models for the surface pressure spectrum show good agreement in some spectral regions and a newly proposed model shows good matching across the spectrum in a variety of pressure gradient conditions. Adjustments are made to existing TNO analytical models to incorporate rough wall effects, including changes to the velocity spectrum model and the inclusion of a wall-shift, shown to be independent of local Reynolds number, pressure gradient, or turbulence model. The mathematical character of the rough wall spectrum has been revealed, but challenges remain to implement both flow and spectral modeling without a priori knowledge of the flow.
Temporal and spatial coherences of sound at 250 Hz and 1659 km in the Pacific ocean: Demonstrating deterministic effects and internal waves explain observations. (2009)

The hypothesis tested is that internal gravity waves explain temporal and spatial coherences of sound at 1659 km in the Pacific ocean for a signal at 250 Hz and a pulse resolution of 0.02 s. From data collected with a towed array, the measured probability that coherence time is 1.8 min or longer is 0.8. Using a parabolic approximation for the acoustic wave equation with sound speeds fluctuating from internal waves, a Monte-Carlo model yields coherence time of 1.8 min or more with probability of 0.9. For spatial coherence, two subsections of the array are compared, which are separated by 142 and 370 m in directions perpendicular and parallel to the geodesic, respectively. Measured coherence is 0.54. This is statistically consistent with the modeled 95% confidence interval of [0.52,0.76]. The difference of 370 m parallel to the section causes spatial coherence to degrade deterministically by a larger amount than the effect of internal waves acting on the 142-m separation perpendicular to the section. The models are run without any tuning with data.
Supplementary Figure 6 from STING Ligand c-di-GMP Improves Cancer Vaccination against Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 36K, Figure S6: Kinetic curve of 4T1 primary tumors in c-di-GMP-treated and saline mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry of Bacteria (2011)

Ion mobility mass spectrometry (IMMS) was combined with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) for the analysis of whole cell bacteria. Whole cell Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Escherichia coli strain W ATCC 9637 bacteria were prepared with a 1:2 analyte to matrix (CHCA) ratio and deposited using the dried-droplet method. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) studies and matrix assisted laser desorption ionization ion mobility time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-IM-TOF MS) were conducted in parallel to assess the effectiveness of MALDI-IM-TOF MS for microorganism identification. Ribosomal proteins from Escherichia coli strain W ATCC 9637 were observed and assigned using the Rapid Microorganism Identification Database. Isoforms of lipopeptide products and a lantibiotic from the Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 species were found in the range 1000–3500 m/z and were identified using MALDI-IM-TOF MS and compared to MALDI-TOF MS data for confirmation. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) post-ionization MALDI-IM-TOF MS showed that additional information on lipopeptides could be obtained and used for identification.
Demonstration of tunable optical generation of higher-order modulation formats using nonlinearities and coherent frequency comb (2014)

We demonstrate a tunable, optical generation scheme of higher-order modulation formats including pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). Using this method, 100.4 Gbit/s 16-QAM and 120 Gbit/s 64-QAM were generated from 50.2 and 40 Gbit/s QPSK signals at EVMs of 7.8% and 6.4%, and 60 Gbit/s 8-PAM were generated at an EVM of 8.1% using three 20-Gbit/s BPSK signals. We also demonstrated a successful transmission of 80 Gbit/s 16-QAM through 80 km SMF-28 after compensating with 20 km DCF. All signals were generated, transmitted, and detected with BER below the forward error correction threshold.
Damage of PVD-Coated Cutting Tools Due to Interrupted Cutting of Ni-Based Superalloys (2015)

Ni-based superalloys are typically difficult-to-cut materials. During machining, the cutting forces and temperatures of these superalloys are generally higher than those of other materials. Therefore, the tool life of the coated carbide cutting tools used for superalloy machining is shortened. This study evaluates the damage of the coated end mills during interrupted cutting of alloy 718 and finds the coating properties necessary for improved cutting of Ni-based superalloys. Damage of the PVD-TiN-coated cutting tools was observed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy of the surfaces and cross sections. In addition, friction forces were measured during turning for some coatings, and hardness of the coatings was measured after annealing. Plastic deformation of the coating and crack formation was shown to occur at the coating cross section. In addition, we determined that the major factor for the damage was high friction force between the coating surface and work material at high temperatures. In summary, coatings with stability at high temperatures and low friction forces during machining can reduce the damage of coated cutting tools, thus increasing the tool life.
Photoacoustic detection of intracavity absorption (1983)

It is demonstrated that the photoacoustic effect in an external cell is a sensitive resonant detector of intracavity absorption. The detection limits for I2 and Br2 are 3 ng/cm3 and 48 ng/cm3, respectively. For the case of I2 the detection limit using the photoacoustic detector is essentially the same as the detection limit using a fluorescence detector. The sensitive response of photoacoustic detection to IR absorption makes this technique particularly attractive as a potential resonance detector for intracavity absorption with IR lasers.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conversion of Mixed N,O‐Diacylated 2‐Aminophenols to 2‐Substituted Benzoxazoles. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aldol Equilibrations of Unprotected Trihydroxybicyclic Lactones: Enantiomeric Tetrahydroxy‐α‐Aminocyclopentane Carboxylic Acids from Epimeric Bicyclic Lactones. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prevalence of hiatal hernia by blinded multidetector CT in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2011)

Hiatal hernia (HH) is associated with gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and/or GOR disease and may contribute to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We hypothesised that HH evaluated by computed tomography is more common in IPF than in asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and correlates with abnormal GOR measured by pH probe testing. Rates of HH were compared in three cohorts, IPF (n=100), COPD (n=60) and asthma (n=24), and evaluated for inter-observer agreement. In IPF, symptoms and anti-reflux medications were correlated with diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (D(L,CO)) and composite physiologic index (CPI). HH was correlated with pH probe testing in IPF patients (n=14). HH was higher in IPF (39%) than either COPD (13.3%, p=0.00009) or asthma (16.67%, p=0.0139). The HH inter-observer κ agreement was substantial in IPF (κ=0.78) and asthma (κ=0.86), and moderate in COPD (κ=0.42). In IPF, HH did not correlate with lung function, except in those on anti-reflux therapy, who had a better D(L,CO) (p<0.03) and CPI (p<0.04). HH correlated with GOR as measured by DeMeester scores (p<0.04). HH is more common in IPF than COPD or asthma. In an IPF cohort, HH correlated with higher DeMeester scores, confirming abnormal acid GOR. Presence of HH alone was not associated with decreased lung function.
Some Near-Term Applications of Fusing Plasmas (1998)

The possible development of confined fusing plasma devices for near-term applications such as neutron activation analysis is discussed. The inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) device is used as an example. Current units are being developed for use as a low-yield portable neutron source for NAA. The strategy for extension to an intense neutron source for uses such as neutron damage studies is discussed. The “in-line” development of fusing plasma applications is viewed as an important supporting element in the longer term progress of fusion power development.
Combinatorial Discovery of Reusable Noncovalent Supports for Enzyme Immobilization and Nonaqueous Catalysis (2007)

A simple and effective method is described for the preparation of enzyme-containing materials that possess excellent catalytic activity, mechanical strength, and reusability. Uniform spherical beads were produced via the colyophilization of alpha-chymotrypsin with the support materials, leaving the active enzyme entrapped within the porous "ice-templated" support matrix. The composites were assayed for catalytic activity by monitoring a nonaqueous transesterification reaction. The mechanical strength for each composite was measured using a compression assay. Initial screens identified a set of six support materials that contributed favorably to either the enzyme activity or to the mechanical strength of the composite. A design of experiments (DoE) methodology was employed to screen 80 combinations of these six "base" materials. A model representing this formulation space was constructed which could be used to predict both the catalytic activity and mechanical strength with reasonable accuracy for any combination of the six base component materials. This model was used to predict optimized materials with an enzyme activity that was 50 times greater than that of the free enzyme. The model was also used to set a minimum acceptable mechanical stability for these composites, and the resulting materials were shown to be reusable for at least ten reaction cycles.
BGP Prefix Independent Convergence (2020)

In the network comprising thousands of iBGP peers exchanging millions
of routes, many routes are reachable via more than one next-hop. Given
the large scaling targets, it is desirable to restore traffic after
failure in a time period that does not depend on the number of BGP
prefixes. In this document we proposed an architecture by which
traffic can be re-routed to ECMP or pre-calculated backup paths in a
timeframe that does not depend on the number of BGP prefixes. The
objective is achieved through organizing the forwarding data
structures in a hierarchical manner and sharing forwarding elements
among the maximum possible number of routes. The proposed technique
achieves prefix independent convergence while ensuring incremental
deployment, complete automation, and zero management and provisioning
effort. It is noteworthy to mention that the benefits of BGP-PIC are
hinged on the existence of more than one path whether as ECMP or
primary-backup.
Application of electron-beam-induced processes to mask repair (2003)

An electron beam technology for repair of Next Generation Lithography masks is described. Deposition of missing material in clear defects is shown with different material characteristics. Etching of opaque defects is demonstrated. The superiority of the electron beam technology to the well established and widely used focused ion beam techniques is discussed. Electron beam repair avoids the unacceptable transmission loss which is generated by focus ion beam techniques especially for 193 nm and 157 nm lithography by Ga-ion implantation. Shrinking dimensions of printable defects require higher resolution than ion beams allow, which is, however, obtained routinely with electron beam systems. Specially designed lenses having low aberrations provide outstanding better signal to noise ratio than ion beam systems. Results on deposition and etching of NGL mask relevant materials like TaN, SiC, Mo/Si, and silicon dioxide is demonstrated. In general 1 keV electrons and a low electron current were used for the etching processes.
THE KIEFFER DOUGH AND GLUTEN EXTENSIBILITY RIG ‐ AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION (2003)

Load‐extension tests on flour dough are widely used by plant breeders, millers and bakers. The ‘Kieffer dough and gluten extensibility rig’ is a small‐scale version of the Brabender extensograph, in which test pieces of about 0.4 g are extended. With the Kieffer rig, lower strain rates can be applied than in the Brabender extensograph and the experimental data can be expressed in terms of stress and strain. In this paper the performance of the Kieffer rig is illustrated by measurements on a weak and a strong dough. Formulas are given for the calculation of fundamental rheological parameters from the results of measurements with the Kieffer rig. Sagging and bending of the test pieces before measurements could be started, caused difficulties in the determination of the exact starting point of extension. The deformation was not purely uniaxial extension, because a shear component was also observed. The amount of dough that is extended did not increase throughout the test. This is probably due to the occurrence of a shear component fracture which occurred mainly near the hook. A relatively large variation in stress and strain at fracture was observed. The maximum in stress represents the strain at which the sample fractures macro‐scopically better than the maximum in force. Variation in deformation history and volume of the test pieces have a negative effect on the reproducibility.
Organizing and building software: patterns for effective management of large and complex code bases (2012)

Organizations which feature a distributed workforce developing software products with large and complex code bases require efficient management of the software artifacts and the developer environments to ensure the quality of the software products over time. The authors present three patterns that are part of a software management pattern language and which have proven successful for over 25 years within a large multi-national technology organization. First, a rule-based environment provides consistency to all developer environments, ensuring code compatibility as developers work locally, integrating and building their code against a shared baseline. Second, component baselines provide a structure to the shared software resembling a software development kit, delivering a full-product baseline that is only built when there are changes, isolating and reducing risk between full-product builds. Third, sparse workareas provide developers access to the local code being modified, while the remainder of the project code is secure in the shared baseline on the file system. These three patterns are offered as time-tested models for use by the creators of development tools suites.
Flocculation (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Catalytic, Enantioselective Addition of Alkyl Radicals to Alkenes via Visible-Light-Activated Photoredox Catalysis with a Chiral Rhodium Complex (2016)

An efficient enantioselective addition of alkyl radicals, oxidatively generated from organotrifluoroborates, to acceptor-substituted alkenes is catalyzed by a bis-cyclometalated rhodium catalyst (4 mol %) under photoredox conditions. The practical method provides yields up to 97% with excellent enantioselectivities up to 99% ee and can be classified as a redox neutral, electron-transfer-catalyzed reaction.
Oligonucleotide Mediated Mutational Analysis of Recognition Sequence Effects on Lariat Formation During Messenger RNA Splicing in Yeast (1987)

Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae the 5′ and the 3′ splice junctions and the internal branch acceptor site (TACTAAC-box) are highly conserved intron elements. They represent favourable targets for oligonucleotide mediated site directed mutagenesis.
Rotor position estimation of ac machines using the zero sequence carrier signal voltage (2004)

This paper analyzes the sensorless control of AC machines based on the zero sequence voltage generated by the injection of a carrier signal voltage. The analysis focuses on rotor position estimation (tracking of rotor-position-dependent saliencies) but the methods discussed apply equally to flux position estimation (tracking of flux-dependent saliencies). Analysis of relevant aspects, like selection of the carrier signal frequency, measurement of the zero sequence carrier signal voltage, and decoupling of saturation-induced saliencies are included.
Monolithic natural gas storage delivery system based on sorbents (2023)

The invention provides methods for producing a strong, light, sorbent-based storage/dispenser system for gases and fuels. The system comprises a porous monolithic material with an adherent strong impervious skin that is capable of storing a gas under pressure in a safe and usable manner.