gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper direct bonding: An innovative 3D interconnect (2010)

3D technology will be the next step for the development of microelectronic devices. Vertical interconnection is one of the challenging issues. Cu/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> patterned surface might be one of the possible techniques to address it. In this work, direct patterned Cu/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> surfaces bonding at room temperature, atmospheric pressure and ambient air is demonstrated. High alignment and bonding quality is achieved for both Wafer to Wafer (WtW) and Die to Wafer (DtW) bonding. Electrical characterizations of Cu/Cu contacts are presented for multiple contact areas and post bonding annealing temperature. The specific contact resistance is lowered down to ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> =47 mΩ.μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for 3×3μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Cu/Cu contacts on Kelvin structures.
A novel corticotropin‐releasing factor receptor splice variant exhibits dominant negative activity: a putative link to stress‐induced heart disease (2009)

A growing body of experimental and clinical studies supports a strong association between psychological stress and cardiovascular disease. An important endogenous cardioprotective role in heart physiology has been attributed to corticotropin-releasing factor receptor type 2beta (CRFR2beta). Here, we report the isolation of cDNA from mouse (m) heart encoding a novel CRFR2beta splice variant. Translation of this insertion variant (iv)-mCRFR2beta isoform produces a 421-aa protein that includes a unique C-terminal cytoplasmic tail. Our functional analysis and cellular localization studies demonstrated that when coexpressed with wild-type mCRFR2beta, iv-mCRFR2beta significantly inhibited the wild-type mCRFR2beta membrane expression and its functional signaling by ER-Golgi complex retention, suggesting a dose-dependent dominant negative effect. Interestingly, mice exposed to a 4-wk paradigm of chronic variable stress, a model of chronic psychological stress in humans, presented significantly lower levels of mCRFR2beta and higher levels of iv-mCRFR2beta mRNA expression in their hearts, compared to nonstressed control mice. The dominant-negative effect of iv-mCRFR2beta and its up-regulation by psychological stress suggest a new form of regulation of the mCRFR2beta cardioprotective effect and a potential role for this novel isoform in stress-induced heart disease.
Plasma vacuum ultraviolet emission in a high density etcher (2003)

This work investigates the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission and its impact on SiO/sub 2/ conductivity in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) etcher. Absolute measurements of plasma VUV emission at processing pressures between 0.5 mtorr and 5 mtorr and microwave powers between 700 W and 1300 W show levels of irradiance at the wafer position of the order of tenths of mW/cm/sup 2/ and integrated photon fluxes in the 10/sup 14/ photons/cm/sup 2/s range. In-situ measurements of SiO/sub 2/ conductivity under direct exposure to the plasma scale with the intensity of the VUV radiation. The measured level of VUV emission from various feed gases is sufficient to induce radiation damage in typical MOS devices in the form of flatband voltage shift and inversion of lightly doped substrates.
Adherence Detector Using Canny Edge Detector (2020)

선로전환기용 밀착검지기는 기본레일과 텅레일의 밀착여부(NS-AM형의 경우 5mm이하)를 검지하는 장치이다. 기존의 밀착검지기는 근접센서, 뽈배(Paulve)등 전기적 또는 기계적으로 밀착을 검지하여 밀착의 유무만 검지할 수 있으며, 밀착정도를 정량적으로 검지하는 것이 불가능하여 주 2회 현장 순회점검을 통해 밀착부분을 점검해야 하는 비효율성이 있다. 본 논문에서는 캐니 에지 검지방식을 밀착검지기에 새롭게 적용하여 mm단위로 밀착정도를 실시간으로 측정하는 방법을 제안하고, 측정결과를 제시하였다. 밀착정도가 3~4 mm 떨어졌을 경우에는 주의 신호를, 4 mm이상 떨어졌을 경우에는 불일치 표시를 할 수 있도록 하였으며, 구현 시스템을 바탕으로 실험한 결과에 따르면 기본레일과 텅레일의 밀착치수 측정의 오차는 최대 ±0.56 mm로 시스템의 요구조건 대비 정확한 측정값을 제공하는 것을 확인하였다.
Controlled Degradation of Poly(propylene) in Industrial Extruders (2006)

Abstract Summary: The main objective of this work was to study the controlled degradation of PP in industrial extruders at different operating conditions. Firstly, the investigation of certain key polymer properties, such as the MI and the MWD, revealed that the changes undergone by the polymer resin during the reactive extrusion depend strongly on the operating conditions. In the absence of oxygen, the results indicated that spontaneous thermal and/or mechanical degradation were not very important. Therefore, resin properties were not expected to change during extrusion if no peroxide was fed into the extruder, in the absence of oxygen. On the other hand, in the presence of oxygen, MWD analysis showed that the MWD could be shifted towards higher or lower molecular weights, indicating that both chain growth and chain scission were possible during extrusion. Finally, simple expressions are presented here in order to allow for the monitoring and control of the important final properties of the extruded resin. The molecular weight distribution of polymer powder and polymer pellets during extrusion. image The molecular weight distribution of polymer powder and polymer pellets during extrusion.
Fiber bundle codes: breaking the n 1/2 polylog( n ) barrier for Quantum LDPC codes (2021)

We present a quantum LDPC code family that has distance Ω(N3/5/polylog(N)) and Θ(N3/5) logical qubits, where N is the code length. This is the first quantum LDPC code construction that achieves distance greater than N1/2 polylog(N). The construction is based on generalizing the homological product of codes to a fiber bundle.
2D Analytical M (2011)

NEM relay is a promising class of dev power crisis of CMOS circuits. To design these their scaling properties, an analytical mode fundamental physics of the relay operation is h work presents a new 2D analytical model for relay scaling. The model retains the physical relays and yet has the simplicity close to the c model. The error as compared to a finite elemen from ~25% (1D model) to ~3% (this work) by R(α) to account for 2D effects in the 1D formu fundamental mechanical and electrical propert takes into account surface forces in the opera devices. The impact of surface forces on the op devices are scaled down is discussed.
Modeling quantum noise for efficient testing of fault-tolerant circuits (2013)

Understanding fault-tolerant properties of quantum circuits is important for designing large-scale quantum information processors. In particular, simulating properties of encoded circuits is a crucial tool for investigating the relationship between properties such as the noise model, encoding scheme, and threshold value. For general noisy circuits, these simulations quickly become intractable in the size of the encoded circuit. We introduce a general theoretical method for approximating a noise process by one that allows for efficient Monte Carlo simulation of properties of encoded circuits. The approximation is as close to the original process as possible without overestimating its ability to preserve quantum information, a key property for obtaining honest estimates of threshold values. We numerically illustrate the method with various physically relevant noise models.
Abstract 17123: Mortality Following Electrophysiology and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Procedures (2017)

Introduction: Real world mortality rates after arrhythmia-based procedures, which include electrophysiology (EP) and cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures, are currently unknown. ...
Pullulan production by tropical isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans (2006)

Tropical isolates of Aureobasidium pullulans previously isolated from distinct habitats in Thailand were characterized for their capacities to produce the valuable polysaccharide, pullulan. A. pullulans strain NRM2, the so-called "color variant" strain, was the best producer, yielding 25.1 g pullulan l(-1) after 7 days in sucrose medium with peptone as the nitrogen source. Pullulan from strain NRM2 was less pigmented than those from the other strains and was remarkably pure after a simple ethanol precipitation. The molecular weight of pullulan from all cultures dramatically decreased after 3 days growth, as analyzed by high performance size exclusion chromatography. Alpha-amylase with apparent activity against pullulan was expressed constitutively in sucrose-grown cultures and induced in starch-grown cultures. When the alpha-amylase inhibitor acarbose was added to the culture medium, pullulan of slightly higher molecular weight was obtained from late cultures, supporting the notion that alpha-amylase plays a role in the reduction of the molecular weight of pullulan during the production phase.
Mitochondrial protein enriched extracellular vesicles discovered in human melanoma tissues can be detected in patient plasma (2019)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are secreted from all cells, and convey messages between cells in health and disease. However, the diversity of EV subpopulations is only beginning to be explored. Since EVs have been implicated in tumour microenvironmental communication, we started to determine the diversity of EVs specifically in this tissue. To do this, we isolated EVs directly from patient melanoma metastatic tissues. Using EV membrane isolation and mass spectrometry analysis, we discovered enrichment of mitochondrial membrane proteins in the melanoma tissue-derived EVs, compared to non-melanoma-derived EVs. Interestingly, two mitochondrial inner membrane proteins MT-CO2 (encoded by the mitochondrial genome) and COX6c (encoded by the nuclear genome) were highly prevalent in the plasma of melanoma patients, as well as in ovarian and breast cancer patients. Furthermore, this subpopulation of EVs contains active mitochondrial enzymes. In summary, tumour tissues are enriched in EVs with mitochondrial membrane proteins and these mitochondrial membrane proteins can be detected in plasma and are increased in melanoma, ovarian cancer as well as breast cancer.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Abiraterone Inhibits 3β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase: A Rationale for Increasing Drug Exposure in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 237K, Structures and synthetic scheme for abi and delta4-abi&lt;/p&gt;
Development of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide copolymer conjugates for delivery of cancer chemotherapy (1993)

Abstract In recent years a series of N‐(2‐hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymers have been synthesised containing antitumour agents, particularly doxorubicin (Dox) bound to the polymer carrier by peptidyl spacers designed for cleavage by lysosomal thiol‐dependent proteases, enzymes known to show increased activity in metastatic tumours. Such conjugates display a broad range of antitumour activities against leukaemic, solid tumour and metastatic models, and recent experimentation has focussed on investigating further their mechanism of action. It is believed that drug conjugation leads to reduced toxicity, passive accumulation within solid tumours due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect and subsequent controlled drug release. All these factors contribute to the improved antitumour activity seen.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-5,6-oxido-7,9-trans,11,14-cis-eicosapentaenoic acid, a possible precursor of SRSA (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-5,6-oxido-7,9-trans,11,14-cis-eicosapentaenoic acid, a possible precursor of SRSAE. J. Corey, Yoshinobu Arai, and Charles MioskowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 22, 6748–6749Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00516a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00516a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views327Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LINKIN-associated proteins necessary for tissue integrity during collective cell migration (2023)

Cell adhesion plays essential roles in almost every aspect of metazoan biology. LINKIN (Human: ITFG1, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>: <i>lnkn-1</i>) is a conserved transmembrane protein that has been identified to be necessary for tissue integrity during migration. In <i>C. elegans</i>, loss of <i>lnkn-1</i> results in the detachment of the lead migratory cell from the rest of the developing male gonad. Previously, three interactors of ITFG1/<i>lnkn-1</i> - RUVBL1/<i>ruvb-1</i>, RUVBL2/<i>ruvb-2</i>, and alpha-tubulin - were identified by immunoprecipitation-mass spectrometry (IP-MS) analysis using human HEK293T cells and then validated in the nematode male gonad. The ITFG1-RUVBL1 interaction has since been independently validated in a breast cancer cell line model that also implicates the involvement of the pair in metastasis. Here, we showed that epitope-tagged ITFG1 localized to the cell surface of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Using IP-MS analysis, we identified a new list of potential interactors of ITFG1. <i>Loss-of-function</i> analysis of their <i>C. elegans</i> orthologs found that three of the interactors - ATP9A/<i>tat-5</i>, NME1/<i>ndk-1</i>, and ANAPC2/<i>apc-2</i> - displayed migratory detachment phenotypes similar to that of <i>lnkn-1</i>. Taken together with the other genes whose reduction-of-function phenotype is similar to that of <i>lnkn-1</i> (notably cohesion and condensin), suggests the involvement of membrane remodeling and chromosome biology in LINKIN-dependent cell adhesion and supports the hypothesis for a structural role of chromosomes in post-mitotic cells.
Autoantigen arrays for multiplex analysis of antibody isotypes (2006)

We describe here a microarray-based method for multiplexed, antigen-specific assessment of immunoglobulin (Ig) subclasses. We used 1152-feature arrays composed of 140 antigens or antigen fragments to detect isotype-specific mAb, to quantitatively monitor changes in isotype mAb concentration, and to profile antigen-specific antibody isotype production in a murine model of autoimmunity. This platform can be easily adapted to a variety of applications, and has the potential to elucidate mechanisms that govern development and evolution of antibody responses in in vivo and in vitro systems.
Multi-rate (111-Gb/s, 2x43-Gb/s, and 8x10.7-Gb/s) transmission at 50-GHz channel spacing over 1040-km field-deployed fiber (2008)

111-Gb/s transmission combined with 2x43-Gb/s and 8x10.7-Gb/s on a 50-GHz grid over 1,040-km field fiber and two ROADMs is demonstrated, showing the feasibility of 100G overlaying existing 10G/40G commercial systems.
An integrated approach to multiple AUV communications, navigation and docking (2002)

In this paper we report on our progress in two topics related to the development of an autonomous oceanographic sampling network. The first topic deals with the use of a flexible DSP system on the Odyssey class AUV which provides acoustic communications and ultra-short baseline navigation, while the second topic details our efforts in integrating these capabilities for the purpose of autonomous vehicle docking. We present an algorithm for homing in on a beacon and our results of testing this approach at sea. We show how our docking approach may be extended to allow coordinated multiple vehicle operations and demonstrate this approach for the case of two vehicles conducting a coordinated survey. We also include results from the at-sea tests of our acoustic communications system.
Biodistribution and Molecular Studies on Orally Administered Nanoparticle-AON Complexes Encapsulated with Alginate Aiming at Inducing Dystrophin Rescue inmdxMice (2013)

We have previously demonstrated that intraperitoneal injections of 2'-O-methyl-phosphorothioate (2'OMePS) antisense oligoribonucleotides adsorbed onto a cationic core-shell nanoparticles (NPs), termed ZM2, provoke dystrophin restoration in the muscles of mdx mice. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the oral route as an alternative way of administration for ZM2-antisense oligoribonucleotides complexes. The biodistribution and elimination of nanoparticles were evaluated after single and multiple oral doses of IR-dye conjugated nanoparticles. Labeled nanoparticles were tracked in vivo as well as in tissue cryosections, urines and feces by Odyssey infrared imaging system, and revealed a permanence in the intestine and abdominal lymph nodes for 72 hours to 7 days before being eliminated. We subsequently tested alginate-free and alginate-encapsulated ZM2-antisense oligoribonucleotides (AON) complexes orally administered 2 and 3 times per week, respectively, in mdx mice for a total of 12 weeks. Treatment with alginate ZM2-AON induced a slight dystrophin rescue in diaphragm and intestine smooth muscles, while no dystrophin was detected in alginate-free ZM2-AON treated mice. These data encourage further experiments on oral administration testing of NP and AON complexes, possibly translatable in oligoribonucleotides-mediated molecular therapies.
Defibrillation Efficacy of Different Electrode Placements in a Human Thorax Model (1999)

The objective of this study was to measure the defibrillation threshold (DFT) associated with different electrode placements using a three-dimensional anatomically realistic finite element model of the human thorax. Coil electrodes (Endotak DSP, model 125, Guidant/CPI) were placed in the RV apex along the lateral wall (RV), withdrawn 10 mm away from the RV apex along the lateral wall (RVprox), in the RV apex along the anterior septum (RVseptal), and in the SVC. An active pulse generator (can) was placed in the subcutaneous prepectoral space. Five electrode configurations were studied: RV-->SVC, RVprox-->SVC, RVSEPTAL-->SVC, RV-->Can, and RV-->SVC + Can. DFTs are defined as the energy required to produce a potential gradient of at least 5 V/cm in 95% of the ventricular myocardium. DFTs for RV-->SVC, RVprox-->SVC, RVseptal-->SVC, RV-->Can, and RV-->SVC + Can were 10, 16, 7, 9, and 6 J, respectively. The DFTs measured at each configuration fell within one standard deviation of the mean DFTs reported in clinical studies using the Endotak leads. The relative changes in DFT among electrode configurations also compared favorably. This computer model allows measurements of DFT or other defibrillation parameters with several different electrode configurations saving time and cost of clinical studies.
External fixator pin tract infection model in the caprine (goat) tibia: a randomized, prospective, blinded study. (2004)

Six goats had 2 Schanz pins inserted in each tibia. Twenty-four pins were inoculated with saline or Staphylococcus aureus. Three investigators, blinded to the inoculum, evaluated 23 pins at 14 days. Clinical pin tract infections developed in all inoculated pins and in 5/12 uninoculated pins, Quantitative cultures demonstrated that infections were produced in 10/11 inoculated and in 0/12 uninoculated pins. Prediction of culture status by clinical criterion (P<.01, Fisher Exact Test) had 100% sensitivity and a 58% specificity. The prediction of infection in inoculated sites by culture criterion (P<.001, Fisher Exact Test) had a 91% sensitivity and 100% specificity. A reproducible long bone pin tract infection model was developed that produced clinically and microbiologically evident pin tract infections.
Supplementary Methods, Tables 1-4, Figures 1-6 from Presence of a Putative Tumor-Initiating Progenitor Cell Population Predicts Poor Prognosis in Smokers with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Tables 1-4, Figures 1-6 from Presence of a Putative Tumor-Initiating Progenitor Cell Population Predicts Poor Prognosis in Smokers with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
In-line single-mode fiber polarization controllers at 155, 130, and 063 μm (1985)

Single-mode fiber-optic quarterwave plates utilizing linear birefringence induced by coiling the fiber in a loop are described. Optimal quarterwave plates are obtained by one turn of 1.0-cm radius for 0.6328-μm light for a single-mode fiber with an outer diameter of 81 μm. For single-mode fiber with a diameter of 120 μm, optimal quarterwave plates consist of one turn of 0.95-cm radius for 1.30-μm wavelength or two turns of 1.3-cm radius for 1.55-μm wavelength. Devices were made for cabled and uncabled fiber which provide complete polarization control by adjusting the angles of two such coils.
Radiation-balanced silica fiber laser (2021)

In optically pumped lasers, heat generated by the quantum defect causes detrimental fluctuations in the output mode, frequency, and power. Common heat-mitigation techniques use bulky mechanical coolers that introduce vibrations, leading to laser frequency and amplitude noise. Here, we present a radiation-balanced fiber laser, optically cooled by anti-Stokes fluorescence (ASF). The gain medium is a silica fiber with a 21-µm-diameter core doped with 2.06 wt. % <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Y</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">b</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and co-doped with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and F- to reduce concentration quenching. The laser was core-pumped at 1040 nm to create both gain at 1065 nm and ASF cooling at atmospheric pressure. We demonstrate a maximum output power of 114 mW with a slope efficiency of 41% while maintaining near-zero average temperature change. This result could enable the development of fiber lasers with unprecedented coherence and stability.