gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power-efficient embedded processing with resilience and real-time constraints (2015)

Low-power embedded processing typically relies on dynamic voltage-frequency scaling (DVFS) in order to optimize energy usage (and therefore, battery life). However, low voltage operation exacerbates the incidence of soft errors. Similarly, higher voltage operation (to meet real-time deadlines) is constrained by hard-failure rate limits. In this paper, we examine a class of embedded system applications relevant to mobile vehicles. We investigate the problem of assigning optimal voltage-frequency settings to individual segments within target workflows. The goal of this study is to understand the limits of achievable energy efficiency (performance per watt) under varying levels of system resilience constraints. To optimize for energy efficiency, we consider static optimization of voltage-frequency settings on a per-application-segment basis. We consider both linear and graph-structured workflows. In order to understand the loss in energy efficiency in the face of environmental uncertainties encountered by the mobile vehicle, we also study the effect of injecting random variations in the actual runtime of individual application segments. A dynamic re-optimization of the voltage-frequency settings is required to cope with such in-field uncertainties.
Crystal and Magnetic Structure of the Orthorhombic Perovskite YbMnO3. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Multiblock Hydrophilic-Hydrophobic Proton Exchange Membranes for Direct Methanol Based Fuel Cell (2007)

The integral part of the fuel cell is the proton exchange membrane. Two series of novel ion containing multiblock copolymers were synthesized with varying IECs and block lengths. The hydrophilic block was composed of 100% disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s for both of the two multiblocks. The hydrophobic unit for one of the multiblocks is composed of highly fluorinated poly(arylene ether) blocks and for the other is naphtalene dianhydride based poly imide blocks. All the multiblock copolymers showed high proton conductivity under fully hydrated conditions. In comparison to Nafion 117, the multiblock copolymers showed significantly lower methanol permeability and satisfactory DMFC performance. Thus by synthesizing multiblock copolymers, it is possible to have both higher proton conductivity and lower methanol permeability at the same time.
Spectroscopy of the Vapors of Compounds with Low Volatility Supercooled in a Supersonic Flow (1974)

Abstract : For molecular spectroscopy and related methods of studying molecule structure, including the development of gasdynamic lasers, a problem of immediate importance is that of obtaining the vapors of compounds with low volatility in the gas phase at translational and rotational temperatures close to absolute zero and at densities sufficient for spectrum registration. It has been shown that conditions for such great supercooling can be created in a supersonic flow. Three systems are examined. In the first of these supercooling is produced in a supersonic flow of pure vapors from a furnace or a shock tube. The second system differs from the first in that the vapors are mixed with an inert gas. In the third system the vapors are diffused into the boundary layer of a supersonic flow of cold inert gas through the porous furnace wall which is parallel to the flow.
Multicomponent Microscale Biosynthesis of Unnatural Cyanobacterial Indole Alkaloids (2020)

Genome sequencing and bioinformatics tools have facilitated the identification and expression of an increasing number of cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). However, functional analysis of all components of a metabolic pathway to precisely determine biocatalytic properties remains time-consuming and labor intensive. One way to speed this process involves microscale cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) for direct gene to biochemical function analysis, which has rarely been applied to study multicomponent enzymatic systems in specialized metabolism. We sought to establish an <i>in vitro</i> transcription/translation (TT)-assay to assess assembly of cyanobacterial-derived hapalindole-type natural products (cNPs) because of their diverse bioactivity profiles and complex structural diversity. Using a CFPS system including a plasmid bearing <i>famD2</i> prenyltransferase from <i>Fischerella ambigua</i> UTEX 1903, we showed production of the central prenylated intermediate (3GC) in the presence of exogenous geranyl-pyrophosphate (GPP) and <i>cis</i>-indole isonitrile. Further addition of a plasmid bearing the <i>famC1</i> Stig cyclase resulted in synthesis of both FamD2 and FamC1 enzymes, which was confirmed by proteomics analysis, and catalyzed assembly of 12-<i>epi</i>-hapalindole U. Further combinations of Stig cyclases (FamC1-C4) produced hapalindole U and hapalindole H, while FisC identified from <i>Fischerella</i> sp. SAG46.79 generated 12-<i>epi</i>-fischerindole U. The CFPS system was further employed to screen six unnatural halogenated <i>cis</i>-indole isonitrile substrates using FamC1 and FisC, and the reactions were scaled-up using chemoenzymatic synthesis and identified as 5- and 6-fluoro-12-<i>epi</i>-hapalindole U, and 5- and 6-fluoro-12-<i>epi</i>-fischerindole U, respectively. This approach represents an effective, high throughput strategy to determine the functional role of biosynthetic enzymes from diverse natural product BGCs.
A kinetic equation for solid-state reactions with varying local reactivity (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA kinetic equation for solid-state reactions with varying local reactivityMasataka Machida and Mamoru SennaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 14, 3134–3138Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100260a036https://doi.org/10.1021/j100260a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Stressors related to the Covid-19 pandemic, climate change, and the Ukraine crisis, and their impact on stress symptoms in Germany: analysis of cross-sectional survey data (2022)

Researchers from the health sciences must consider overlapping effects from population stressors. Although the Ukraine crisis and climate change mark salient stressors, including economic threats, the Covid-19 pandemic still has a profound effect on ill-health and must be considered as a relevant factor in future manifestations of psychiatric and associated health consequences.
10.3: Invited Paper : High Mobility Oxide TFTs for Future LCD Applications (2013)

Abstract In this study, we reported the capability of a new composition oxide TFTs, fabricated using sputtering process and successfully developed including sputtering target with single‐phase. In order to compare single‐phase target with multiphase target, as‐deposited films by same sputtering condition for sputtering process were prepared and the chemical characterization of target, as‐deposited film, and annealed films, respectively by using EPMA and ICP analyses were evaluated. Single‐phase target had a uniform and homogeneous metal composition distribution without segregation. In addition, after annealing process, the films were maintained the chemical composition. We, therefore, selected single target and evaluated the electrical performances. The saturation mobility (μ sat ) was measured to be 22.4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 . In addition, threshold voltage (V th ) was 0.75 V and subthreshold swing (SS) was 0.44 V/decade, respectively. This study could encourage in developing a novel composition oxide TFTs with high mobility.
Optimization and stability of glucoamylase production by recombinant strains of Aspergillus niger in chemostat culture (1998)

When grown on a medium containing 5 g maltodextrin L−1, Aspergillus niger transformant N402[pAB6-10]B1, which has an additional 20 copies of the glucoamylase (glaA) gene, produced 320 ± 8 mg (mean ± S.E.) glucoamylase (GAM) L−1 in batch culture and 373 ± 9 mg GAM L−1 in maltodextrin-limited chemostat culture at a dilution rate of 0.13 h−1. These values correspond to specific production rates (qp) of 5.6 and 16.0 mg GAM [g biomass]−1 h−1, respectively. In maltodextrin-limited chemostat cultures grown at dilution rates from 0.06 to 0.14 h−1, GAM was produced by B1 in a growth-correlated manner, demonstrating that a continuous flow culture system operated at a high dilution rate is an efficient way of producing this enzyme. In chemostat cultures grown at high dilution rates, GAM production in chemostat cultures was repressed when the limiting nutrient was fructose or xylose, but derepressed when the limiting nutrient was glucose (qp, 12.0), potassium (6.2), ammonium (4.1), phosphate (2.0), magnesium (1.5) or sulphate (0.9). For chemostat cultures grown at a dilution rate of 0.13 h−1, the addition of 5 g mycopeptone L−1 to a glucose-mineral salts medium resulted in a 64% increase in GAM concentration (from 303 ± 12 to 496 ± 10 mg GAM L−1) and a 37% increase in specific production rate (from 12.0 ± 0.4 to 16.4 ± 1.6 mg GAM [g biomass]−1 h−1). However, although recombinant protein production was stable for at least 948 h (191 generations) when A. niger B1 was grown in chemostat culture on glucose-mineral salts medium, it was stable for less than 136 h (27 generations) on medium containing mycopeptone. The predominant morphological mutants occurring after prolonged chemostat culture were shown to have selective advantage in the chemostat over the parental strain. Compared to their parental strains, two morphological mutants had similar GAM production levels, while a third had a reduced production level. Growth tests and molecular analysis revealed that the number of glaA gene copies in this latter strain (B1-M) was reduced, which could explain its reduced GAM production. Shake-flask cultures carried out with the various morphological mutants revealed that in batch culture all three strains produced considerably less GAM than their parent strains and even less than N402. We show that physiological changes in these morphological mutants contribute to this decreased level of GAM production. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:407–418, 1998.
Strain-Specific V3 and CD4 Binding Site Autologous HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies Select Neutralization-Resistant Viruses (2020)

The third variable (V3) loop and the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of the HIV-1 envelope are frequently targeted by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) in infected individuals. In chronic infection, HIV-1 escape mutants repopulate the plasma, and V3 and CD4bs nAbs emerge that can neutralize heterologous tier 1 easy-to-neutralize, but not tier 2 difficult-to-neutralize HIV-1 isolates. However, neutralization sensitivity of autologous plasma viruses to this type of nAb response has not been studied. We describe the development and evolution in vivo of antibodies distinguished by their target specificity for V3and CD4bs epitopes on autologous tier 2 viruses but not on heterologous tier 2 viruses. A surprisingly high fraction of autologous circulating viruses was sensitive to these antibodies. These findings demonstrate a role for V3 and CD4bs antibodies in constraining the native envelope trimer in vivo to a neutralization-resistant phenotype, explaining why HIV-1 transmission generally occurs by tier 2 neutralization-resistant viruses.
The protein phosphatases of Drosophila melanogaster and their inhibitors (1987)

Protein phosphatases-1, 2A and 2B have been identified in membrane and soluble fractions of Drosophila melanogaster heads. Similarities between Drosophila and mammalian protein phosphatase-1 included specificity for the beta subunit of phosphorylase kinase, sensitivity to inhibitor-1 and inhibitor-2, inhibition by protamine, retention by heparin-Sepharose and selective interaction with membranes. In addition, an inactive form of protein phosphatase-1, termed protein phosphatase-1I, was detected in the soluble fraction that could be activated by preincubation with MgATP and mammalian glycogen synthase kinase-3. Inhibitor-2 partially purified from Drosophila had an identical molecular mass to its mammalian counterpart, and recombined with mammalian protein phosphatase-1 to form a hybrid protein phosphatase-1I. Similarities between Drosophila and mammalian protein phosphatase-2A included preferential dephosphorylation of the alpha subunit of phosphorylase kinase, insensitivity to inhibitors-1 and -2, activation by protamine, exclusion from heparin-Sepharose and apparent molecular mass. A Ca2+-dependent calmodulin-stimulated protein phosphatase (protein phosphatase-2B) that was inhibited by trifluoperazine was identified in the soluble fraction. The remarkable similarities between Drosophila protein phosphatases and their mammalian counterparts are indicative of strict phylogenetic conservation and demonstrate that the procedures used to classify mammalian protein phosphatases have a wider application. Characterisation of the Drosophila phosphatases will facilitate genetic analysis of dephosphorylation systems and their possible roles in neuronal and behavioural plasticity in Drosophila.
Vortex imaging using two-dimensional ultrasonic speckle correlation (2002)

In previous work, it has been shown that ultrasonic speckle velocimetry can be used to measure local particle velocities in flows. So far the technique has been applied to monitor stationary processes. In this paper, we show how ultrasonic speckle velocimetry can be used to dynamically map the two-dimensional velocity profiles of vortices caused by an obstacle within a flow. Thanks to the great versatility of our multi-channel system, it is possible to capture as much as 5000 images per second, thus enabling us to monitor very fast moving processes. To date, two transducer arrays are used to estimate the 2D motion vector of local particles. We also discuss possible modifications and improvements of the system that could lead to the use of a single array of transducers to dynamically map the vectorial velocity fields of flows.
Pyrone Synthesis from Renewable Sources: Easy Preparation of 3‐Acetoxy‐2‐oxo‐2H‐pyran‐6‐carboxylic Salts and their Derivatives as 3‐Hydroxy‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one from C6 Aldaric Acids (2019)

2‐Pyrones are compounds present in several natural products and represent interesting building blocks for the preparation of intermediates in organic syntheses. For these reasons, many different preparation protocols have been developed for the synthesis of pyrone moieties. In this work, a green approach toward the synthesis of those compounds starting from C6 aldaric acids has been investigated. These products are an interesting and versatile class of poly functional C6 units coming from renewable sources. In this paper, we report a green procedure based on a reaction with acetic anhydride under different pH conditions to convert mucic acid and glucaric acid salts into the 3‐acetoxy‐2‐oxo‐2 H ‐pyran‐6‐carboxylic acid salts and their derivatives. The salts, in the presence of hydrochloric acid, are quantitatively converted into the corresponding 3‐hydroxy‐2‐oxo‐2 H ‐pyran‐6‐carboxylic acid, which afforded 3‐hydroxy‐2 H ‐pyran‐2‐one in very high yield by further thermal decarboxylation. Crystal structure of the five membered ring lactone intermediate is reported.
Fabrication and Characterization of the Charge-Plasma Diode (2010)

We present a new lateral Schottky-based rectifier called the charge-plasma diode realized on ultrathin silicon-on-insulator. The device utilizes the workfunction difference between two metal contacts, palladium and erbium, and the silicon body. We demonstrate that the proposed device provides a low and constant reverse leakage-current density of about 1 fA/μm with ON/OFF current ratios of around 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> at 1-V forward bias and room temperature. In the forward mode, a current swing of 88 mV/dec is obtained, which is reduced to 68 mV/dec by back-gate biasing.
Nucleoside-induced arteriolar constriction: a mast cell-dependent response (1994)

Adenosine (Ado) is a potent vasodilator that has occasionally been shown to cause vasoconstriction. Constrictor responses are generally attributed to A1-receptor stimulation or interactions with the renin-angiotensin system. We describe a previously unreported vasoconstrictor action of Ado and inosine (Ino) in hamster cheek pouch arterioles and examine the mechanism by which these nucleosides induce constriction. Arterioles were dissected from male Golden hamster cheek pouches, transferred to a 37 degrees C tissue chamber, and cannulated at both ends. Changes of luminal diameter in response to Ado were measured to generate cumulative concentration-response curves. The concentration-response curves were biphasic: 10(-6) M Ado elicited an intense, transient constriction, and higher concentrations induced dilator responses. Pretreatment with 8(p-sulfophenyl)theophylline, an Ado receptor antagonist, inhibited the dilator responses but did not alter the constriction. Inhibition of Ado uptake with S-(4-nitrobenzyl)-6-thio-inosine eliminated the constrictor response without altering dilator responses. Similar effects were found after pretreatment with an Ado deaminase inhibitor erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine hydrochloride. Finally, Ino, a metabolite of Ado, induced constrictions of similar magnitude to those seen with Ado, but at higher concentrations. The constrictor response was focal in nature, suggesting discrete sites of action of Ado. Methylene blue staining after Ado application revealed degranulated mast cells closely associated with the vessel wall, indicating a possible role for mast cell degranulation in the constrictor response. Supporting this idea were the observations that inhibition of degranulation by 10 microM cromolyn blocked the constrictor response, and compound 48/80 (a mast cell secretagogue) caused constriction similar to that elicited by Ado.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Computational Study of the Photochemistry of Diphenylphosphoryl Azide: Direct Spectroscopic Observation of a Singlet Phosphorylnitrene (2010)

The photochemistry of diphenylphosphoryl azide was studied by femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, by chemical analysis of light-induced reaction products, and by RI-CC2/TZVP and TD-B3LYP/TZVP computational methods. Theoretical methods predicted two possible mechanisms for singlet diphenylphosphorylnitrene formation from the photoexcited phosphoryl azide. (i) Energy transfer from the (π,π*) singlet excited state, localized on a phenyl ring, to the azide moiety, thereby leading to the formation of the singlet excited azide, which subsequently loses molecular nitrogen to form the singlet diphenylphosphorylnitrene. (ii) Direct irradiation of the azide moiety to form an excited singlet state of the azide, which in turn loses molecular nitrogen to form the singlet diphenylphosphorylnitrene. Two transient species were observed upon ultrafast photolysis (260 nm) of diphenylphosphoryl azide. The first transient absorption, centered at 430 nm (lifetime (τ) ∼ 28 ps), was assigned to a (π,π*) singlet S(1) excited state localized on a phenyl ring, and the second transient observed at 525 nm (τ ∼ 480 ps) was assigned to singlet diphenylphosphorylnitrene. Experimental and computational results obtained from the study of diphenyl phosphoramidate, along with the results obtained with diphenylphosphoryl azide, supported the mechanism of energy transfer from the singlet excited phenyl ring to the azide moiety, followed by nitrogen extrusion to form the singlet phosphorylnitrene. Ultrafast time-resolved studies performed on diphenylphosphoryl azide with the singlet nitrene quencher, tris(trimethylsilyl)silane, confirmed the spectroscopic assignment of singlet diphenylphosphorylnitrene to the 525 nm absorption band.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. UND RK. ALPHA‐POLYCHLORIERTER TERT. AMINE (1970)

Abstract Dialkylarylamine werden in Chloroform oder Tetrachlorkohlenstoff zunächst bei 0‐20°C im Kem und dann unter UV‐Bestrahlung bei steigender Temperatur weiterchloriert, z.B. das Amin (I) zum Chlorderivat (IIa) (Ausbeute 72%), sowie bei Unterbrechung der Chlorierung zum Derivat (IIb).
Transcriptional down-regulation of N-myc expression during B-cell development. (1992)

We have used nuclear run-on and DNase I sensitivity analyses to study the activity of the N-myc genes in cell lines that represent different stages of B-cell development. Both transformed pre-B-cell lines and a nontransformed pre-B-cell clone transcribe the N- and c-myc genes at substantial levels; in the nontransformed clone, transcription of these genes is regulated by the pre-B-cell growth factor interleukin-7. In contrast, transformed cell lines that represent the more mature stages of the B-cell pathway and mitogen-stimulated normal splenic B lymphocytes express the c-myc gene but do not express the N-myc gene at detectable levels. Down-regulation of N-myc expression in these cells occurs at the level of transcriptional initiation. Correspondingly, a set of DNase I-hypersensitive sites present in the 5' region of the N-myc promoter of pre-B-cell lines are absent in B-cell lines. To further elucidate this process, we have constructed fusion cell lines between an N-myc-expressing pre-B-cell line and a nonexpressing myeloma line; the hybrid cell lines transcriptionally down-regulate the pre-B copies of the N-myc gene. Lack of N-myc expression in a number of nonlymphoid cell lines also resulted from lack of N-myc transcription. Together, our findings demonstrate that the down-regulation of N-myc expression in the later stages of B-cell development is mediated primarily at the level of transcriptional initiation. They further show that dominant, trans-acting factors present in more mature B-lineage cell lines act to down-regulate the transcription of N-myc.
Hypertension, white-coat hypertension and masked hypertension in Australia (2019)

The findings highlight the importance of out-of-office BP assessments and the considerable gaps in effectively diagnosing and treating hypertension.