gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direction of arrival estimation using pseudo-intensity vectors with direct-path dominance test (2015)

The accuracy of direction of arrival estimation tends to degrade under reverberant conditions due to the presence of reflected signal components which are correlated with the direct path. The recently proposed direct-path dominance test provides a means of identifying time-frequency regions in which a single signal path is dominant. By analysing only these regions it was shown that the accuracy of the FS-MUSIC algorithm could be significantly improved. However, for real-time implementation a less computationally demanding localisation algorithm would be preferable. In the present contribution we investigate the direct-path dominance test as a preprocessing step to pseudo-intensity vector-based localisation. A novel formulation of the pseudo-intensity vector is proposed which further exploits the direct path dominance test and leads to improved localisation performance.
The MPD Well Control Matrix: What is Actually Happening (2014)

Abstract When drilling conventionally, upon indication of an influx, the drill string is lifted off bottom, circulation is stopped, a flow check is performed, and if the well is flowing, the well is shut in. The influx is then circulated out through rig choke using a reduced circulating rate. With Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD), when kicks occur, they are typically smaller, contained more quickly, and, in some cases, they may be circulated out through MPD equipment without drilling or circulation interruption. The IADC MPD sub-committee has drafted a Well Control Matrix (WCM) in an effort to offer guidelines on when it is acceptable to kill the well dynamically when practicing CBHP MPD. Rotating Control Devices (RCD) are commonly used on conventional overbalanced mud programs. To many in the industry, no specific distinction is made or special name is given to this type of operation. Confidence acquired over time has encouraged the common practice of drilling ahead while kicks are being circulated out, in appropriate circumstances. An influx, with only a very basic equipment configuration and whether it's called MPD or not, has often been handled in the industry as a routine operation without any special preparation or a formal WCM. If a WCM is to be required to be in place, it should be engineered properly. A methodology for developing a WCM will be discussed in this paper. Procedures to control influxes as well as how to determine when to revert to secondary well control equipment under these operating conditions and examples of practical applications will be discussed.
XtremeDistil: Multi-stage Distillation for Massive Multilingual Models (2020)

Deep and large pre-trained language models are the state-of-the-art for various natural language processing tasks. However, the huge size of these models could be a deterrent to using them in practice. Some recent works use knowledge distillation to compress these huge models into shallow ones. In this work we study knowledge distillation with a focus on multilingual Named Entity Recognition (NER). In particular, we study several distillation strategies and propose a stage-wise optimization scheme leveraging teacher internal representations, that is agnostic of teacher architecture, and show that it outperforms strategies employed in prior works. Additionally, we investigate the role of several factors like the amount of unlabeled data, annotation resources, model architecture and inference latency to name a few. We show that our approach leads to massive compression of teacher models like mBERT by upto 35x in terms of parameters and 51x in terms of latency for batch inference while retaining 95% of its F 1 -score for NER over 41 languages.
On-Demand Patterning of Nanodots by Laser-Induced Dot Transfer (2015)

Laser-induced dot transfer (LIDT) provides a method for arranging a nano- or microdot at a given position on substrates under room-temperature atmospheric conditions. Based on this method, we have developed site- and size-controlled micropatterning of functional dots. The downsizing of dots can be realized by decreasing source film thickness and/or laser spot size, resulting in FeSi2 nanodot array with a dot diameter of about 500 nm. In this work, the adhesion of dots to a silica glass substrate surface was also examined by the immersion of a FeSi2 microdot array into 5% HF solution followed by washing in ultrapure water. As a result, there was no drastic change in dot filling rate for the array immersed for 2 min, suggesting that the dots were not simply placed on the substrate without being fixed. They might be attached to the substrate surface through a binding force induced via LIDT process.
Design of interleaved ultra-wideband polyfractal arrays (2008)

New remote sensing applications and techniques have made the development of robust and versatile phased array antenna designs increasingly important. However, current phased array antenna technology is primarily limited to narrowband operation with a single main-beam in the radiation pattern, electronically steerable only within a limited scanning volume. Recently a new design methodology has been developed that utilizes nature-inspired design techniques to optimize array layouts that incorporate both ordered and periodic properties in their geometries. These arrays, called polyfractal arrays, are capable of substantially lower sidelobe levels over ultra-wide bandwidths [1-3].
TU‐EF‐303‐02: Fluorescence‐Guided Neurosurgery (2015)

Many medical physics diagnostic and therapeutic developments have significant overlap with biophysical approaches to measuring and modeling molecular and cellular systems. Although these methods may differ dramatically in terms of temporal and spatial scales, many of the underlying concepts are identical, suggesting potential synergies across the scales. For example, while clinical imaging is typically in the (sub)millimeter and second regime, biophysical imaging technologies reach sub‐nanometer and sub‐picosecond scales. Despite these scale differences, the use of molecular labeling, resulting large datasets, and need for quantitative analysis methods are similar, and solutions developed for one application are easily translated to others. Similarly, mathematical models used to understand clinical responses are often based on molecular and cellular networks that have been elucidated by biophysical studies. In turn, such models are directly useful for guiding on‐going biophysical and biomedical research. Relevant biophysical applications are found in the cancer, neuroscience, and cardiac fields, which are also research focus areas for many AAPM members. Presentations by physicists working in biophysics will explore potential synergies with diagnostic and therapeutic medical physics, as well as help identify areas of common interest that would be ripe for novel collaborations. Learning Objectives: 1.To learn about differences in temporal and spatial scales of medical physics and biophysics To learn about common methods used in medical physics and biophysics To learn about synergistic opportunities between medical physics and biophysics
Monocyte and Haemostasis (1998)

Human monocytes may play a central role in haemostasis since they are the only circulating blood cells capable to express tissue factor (TF) and therefore trigger the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. The aim of this review is to illustrate that monocytes also participate in haemostasis independently of TF expression. Indeed, the exposure of anionic phospholipids provides a procoagulant surface. Activation of factor X involves specific membrane receptor EPR-1 (Effector cell Protease Receptor-1). Mac-1 and membrane factor Va also bind factor X/Xa. In addition, monocytic proteases have been reported to modulate the coagulation cascade. Monocyte adhesion and cell-cell interactions represent important mechanisms implicated in TF expression. Furthermore, Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), the natural inhibitor of TF activity, is expressed by monocytes. This suggests that monocytes could participate to the local regulation of coagulation initiation. The importance of monocytes in the development of vascular diseases remains to be clarified. In thrombotic disorders, it may be worthwhile not to limit the investigations to the expression of TF.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Leukemia Cell-Rhabdovirus Vaccine: Personalized Immunotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2 - PDF file 751K, Cytopathic effect induced by rhabdovirus infection&lt;/p&gt;
TBC1D8B Mutations Implicate RAB11-Dependent Vesicular Trafficking in the Pathogenesis of Nephrotic Syndrome (2019)

Novel mutations in <i>TBC1D8B</i> are monogenic causes of SRNS. This gene inhibits RAB11. Our findings suggest that RAB11-dependent vesicular nephrin trafficking plays a role in the pathogenesis of nephrotic syndrome.
A Review of Nanotechnology for Targeted Anti-schistosomal Therapy (2020)

Schistosomiasis is one of the major parasitic diseases and second most prevalent among the group of neglected diseases. The prevalence of schistosomiasis may be due to environmental and socio-economic factors, as well as the unavailability of vaccines for schistosomiasis. To date, current treatment; mainly the drug praziquantel (PZQ), has not been effective in treating the early forms of schistosome species. The development of drug resistance has been documented in several regions globally, due to the overuse of PZQ, rate of parasitic mutation, poor treatment compliance, co-infection with different strains of schistosomes and the overall parasite load. Hence, exploring the schistosome tegument may be a potential focus for the design and development of targeted anti-schistosomal therapy, with higher bioavailability as molecular targets using nanotechnology. This review aims to provide a concise incursion on the use of various advance approaches to achieve targeted anti-schistosomal therapy, mainly through the use of nano-enabled drug delivery systems. It also assimilates the molecular structure and function of the schistosome tegument and highlights the potential molecular targets found on the tegument, for effective specific interaction with receptors for more efficacious anti-schistosomal therapy.
From brain formation to plasticity: Insights on Otx2 homeoprotein (2009)

The shaping of neuronal circuits is essential during postnatal brain development. A window of neuronal remodeling by sensory experience typically occurs during a unique time in early life. The many types of behavior and perception, like human language, birdsong, hearing and vision are refined by experience during these distinct 'critical periods'. The onset of critical periods for vision is delayed in animals that remain in complete darkness from birth. It is then predicted that a 'messenger' within the visual pathway signals the amount of sensory experience that has occurred. Our recent results indicate that Otx2 homeoprotein, an essential morphogen for embryonic head formation, is reused later in life as this 'messenger' for critical period plasticity. The homeoprotein is stimulated by visual experience to propagate into the visual cortex, where it is internalized by GABAergic interneurons, especially Parvalbumin-positive cells (PV-cells). Otx2 promotes the maturation of PV-cells, consequently activating critical period onset in the visual cortex. Here, we discuss recent data that are beginning to illuminate the physiological function of non-cell autonomous homeoproteins, as well as the restriction of their transfer to PV-cells in vivo.
Frequency and spatially chirped free-electron laser pulses (2023)

We have produced hard x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) pulses, which are chirped both in photon energy and in\nspatial position. The experiments have been carried out at the hard x-ray beamline Aramis at SwissFEL, located\nat the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. The FEL beamline was operated without any external focusing\nand with a tilted, energy-chirped electron bunch, whose properties are then transferred to the photon beam.\nThe resulting FEL pulses were used for a single-shot absorption x-ray spectroscopy experiment at the Alvra\nendstation. But, as will be outlined, applications of this type of tailored FEL pulse go beyond such experiments,\nallowing for x-ray pulse compression and control of the transverse coherence within the pulse
Prediction of survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma based on the expression of 2 genes reflecting tumor and microenvironment (2011)

Several gene-expression signatures predict survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), but the lack of practical methods for genome-scale analysis has limited translation to clinical practice. We built and validated a simple model using one gene expressed by tumor cells and another expressed by host immune cells, assessing added prognostic value to the clinical International Prognostic Index (IPI). LIM domain only 2 (LMO2) was validated as an independent predictor of survival and the "germinal center B cell-like" subtype. Expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 9 (TNFRSF9) from the DLBCL microenvironment was the best gene in bivariate combination with LMO2. Study of TNFRSF9 tissue expression in 95 patients with DLBCL showed expression limited to infiltrating T cells. A model integrating these 2 genes was independent of "cell-of-origin" classification, "stromal signatures," IPI, and added to the predictive power of the IPI. A composite score integrating these genes with IPI performed well in 3 independent cohorts of 545 DLBCL patients, as well as in a simple assay of routine formalin-fixed specimens from a new validation cohort of 147 patients with DLBCL. We conclude that the measurement of a single gene expressed by tumor cells (LMO2) and a single gene expressed by the immune microenvironment (TNFRSF9) powerfully predicts overall survival in patients with DLBCL.
Multimodality planning of stereotactic radio-ablation for ventricular tachycardia. Results from the international MUSIC consortium (2022)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Public grant(s) – EU funding. Main funding source(s): European Research Council Background Optimal SBRT planning methods for VT ablation are yet to be defined. Purpose To evaluate a multimodal approach for SBRT planning. Methods 30 pts (age 70±10, 90% men, LVEF 26±9%, 67% ICM, 47% NICM or mixed, 1.7±1.2 prior catheter ablations) with drug-refractory VT underwent imaging prior to SBRT. The inHEART technology was used to create image-based 3D models of substrate, cardiac anatomy, and organs at risk (coronaries, phrenic nerve, GI tract, AV node). In MUSIC software (IHU Liryc-Inria), 3D models were fused with prior EP maps, and SBRT targets were interactively drawn in 3D by the referring EP cardiologist. Transmural target volumes and organs at risk were fused with a 4D planning CT and used to plan SBRT in Eclipse (Varian). Results SBRT was delivered on median PTVs of 96[63-149] mL (total dose 25 Gy) with either Truebeam or Edge systems (Varian). Over a median FU of 4[2-8] months, death occurred in 11(37%) pts, due to arrhythmia recurrence in 4(13%). FU at 6 months was available in 14 pts. In these, the median numbers of VT episodes and ICD shocks over the 6 months preceding SBRT were 20[9-27] and 8[5-15], respectively. In the 6 months following SBRT, these decreased to 0[0-30] and 0[0-0], respectively (P&amp;lt;0.001 for both). 8/14(57%) pts were free from any VT recurrence, and 11/14(79%) were free from any ICD shock. In the total cohort, complications attributed to SBRT were observed in 2/30 (7%), none of which were fatal (heart failure and pneumonitis, both managed with steroids). Conclusion In patients with severe drug- and catheter ablation-refractory VT, SBRT planning based on 3D image-based models fused with prior EP maps is feasible, and associated with favorable efficacy and safety profiles.
Acuity of mental representations of pitch (2012)

Singing in one's mind or forming expectations about upcoming notes both require that mental images of one or more pitches will be generated. As with other musical abilities, the acuity with which such images are formed might be expected to vary across individuals and may depend on musical training. Results from several behavioral tasks involving intonation judgments indicate that multiple memory systems contribute to the formation of accurate mental images for pitch, and that the functionality of each is affected by musical training. Electrophysiological measures indicate that the ability to form accurate mental images is associated with greater engagement of auditory areas and associated error-detection circuitry when listeners imagine ascending scales and make intonation judgments about target notes. A view of auditory mental images is espoused in which unified mental image representations are distributed across multiple brain areas. Each brain area helps shape the acuity of the unified representation based on current behavioral demands and past experience.
High channel density, 20 A 4H-SiC ACCUFET with R onsp =15 mΩ-cm 2 (2003)

Planar gate 4H-SiC ACCUFETs have been designed, fabricated and characterised, and the highest reported current (&gt;20 A) for this type of device was achieved. A novel channel design to maximise the channel density was implemented. A low specific on-resistance of 15 mΩ-cm2 was obtained on a 9 mm2 device using newly developed N2O anneals on gate oxides. The threshold voltage decreases from 1.5 to 0.9 V, and the extracted channel mobility increases from 18 to 33.6 cm2/V-s as the operating temperature is increased from 30 to 200°C.
NHC Copper Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition (2010)

The direct boronate conjugate addition to unsaturated carboxylic esters, ketones, and thioesters is realized by a NHC copper(I) complex, derived from an easily prepared C 1-symmetric imidazolinium salt, to prepare β-boryl carbonyl type products in excellent yields and enantio­selectivities.
Metal gate thickness optimization for MuGFET performance improvement (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the dependence between the performance of multiple-gate FETs (dasiaMuGFETspsila) and the thickness of their plasma-enhanced-ALD (PE-ALD) TiN gate electrode. We show that very thin PE-ALD-TiN gate electrodes allow improved short channel effect (SCE) control and enhanced performance in n-channel MuGFETs without mobility modification. Based on the electrical characterization of MuGFETs and the physical analysis of their gate stacks, we show that the thickness of the TiN metal gate affects the nature of its reaction with the gate dielectric. This, in return, results into threshold voltage (VT) and gate inversion thickness (Tinv) modifications which can explain performance enhancement in n-FETs without any performance loss in p-FETs.
Localization of Dopamine Receptors in the Rabbit Cornea (1999)

A possible role of the dopaminergic system in the control of the corneal functions is suggested.
Self-correcting STTRAM under magnetic field attacks (2015)

Spin-Transfer Torque Random Access Memory (STTRAM) is a possible candidate for universal memory due to its high-speed, low-power, non-volatility, and low cost. Although attractive, STTRAM is susceptible to contactless tampering through malicious exposure to magnetic field with the intention to steal or modify the bitcell content. In this paper, for the first time to our knowledge, we analyze the impact of magnetic attacks on STTRAM using micro-magnetic simulations. Next, we propose a novel array-based sensor to detect the polarity and magnitude of such attacks and then propose two design techniques to mitigate the attack, namely, array sleep with encoding and variable strength Error Correction Code (ECC). Simulation results indicate that the proposed sensor can reliably detect an attack and provide sufficient compensation window (few ns to ~100us) to enable proactive protection measures. Finally, we shows that variable-strength ECC can adapt correction capability to tolerate failures with various strength of an attack.
Telomerase as a Target for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines and Considerations for Optimizing Their Clinical Potential (2021)

Telomerase-based therapeutic cancer vaccines (TCVs) have been under clinical investigation for the past two decades. Despite past failures, TCVs have gained renewed enthusiasm for their potential to improve the efficacy of checkpoint inhibition. Telomerase stands as an attractive target for TCVs due to its almost universal presence in cancer and its essential function promoting tumor growth. Herein, we review tumor telomerase biology that may affect the efficacy of therapeutic vaccination and provide insights on optimal vaccine design and treatment combinations. Tumor types possessing mechanisms of increased telomerase expression combined with an immune permissive tumor microenvironment are expected to increase the therapeutic potential of telomerase-targeting cancer vaccines. Regardless, rational treatment combinations, such as checkpoint inhibitors, are likely necessary to bring out the true clinical potential of TCVs.
The multi-trellis software architecture and the intelligent cardiovascular monitor. (1992)

A real-time, intelligent cardiovascular monitor is complex. It must process multiple waveforms, recognize artifacts, extract pertinent parameters, recognize a patient's clinical state, analyze the problem and formulate a response. This paper presents the multi-trellis (a collection of process trellises), a software architecture for building such a monitor. A process trellis is a uniform hierarchical framework for heterogeneous program modules. The multi-trellis extension allows one to compile several process trellis programs with widely varying run-time requirements into a single executable program that it is efficient, predictable and usable. Our prototype consists of two process trellises. The lower trellis contains processes to analyze three different analog signals: the blood pressure from a non-invasive monitor and an arterial catheter, and the ECG. The upper trellis contains processes to help detect evolving hemodynamic trends, identify abnormalities, and present a succinct summary to the clinician. Our prototype shows that the multi-trellis is a demonstrably useful software architecture for building these real-time, intelligent monitors.
Acrylic acid/vinyl acetate suspension copolymerizations. I. Partition coefficients for acrylic acid (2004)

Abstract During acrylic acid (AA)/vinyl acetate (VAc) suspension copolymerizations, AA is partitioned between the organic phase and the aqueous phase. For this reason, the AA partition coefficient in suspensions of AA/VAc/water is studied here. Partition experiments were performed at different temperatures and AA concentrations. It was observed that the AA partition coefficient ranged from 0.001 to 1.58, depending strongly on the temperature and on the aqueous phase composition. Therefore, the distribution of AA between the continuous phase and the monomer droplets may exert a significant effect upon the observed kinetic behavior during suspension polymerizations. The UNIFAC‐LLE model was used to describe the observed liquid–liquid equilibrium of the ternary system AA/VAc/water and model predictions were compared to the obtained experimental data. It was observed that the UNIFAC‐LLE model is able to represent AA partition coefficients qualitatively only when AA dissociation effects are taken into consideration. Additional experiments also indicated that AA partition coefficients may be very sensitive to the presence of polymer in the organic phase and to the presence of salt in the aqueous phase, as usual during actual suspension copolymerizations. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 1077–1088, 2004