gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth and Characterization of Lead-free Piezoelectric Single Crystals (2015)

Lead-free piezoelectric materials attract more and more attention owing to the environmental toxicity of lead-containing materials. In this work, we review our first attempts of single crystal grown by the top-seeded solution growth method of BaTiO3 substituted with zirconium and calcium (BCTZ) and (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 substituted with lithium, tantalum, and antimony (KNLSTN). The growth methodology is optimized in order to reach the best compositions where enhanced properties are expected. Chemical analysis and electrical characterizations are presented for both kinds of crystals. The compositionally-dependent electrical performance is investigated for a better understanding of the relationship between the composition and electrical properties. A cross-over from relaxor to ferroelectric state in BCTZ solid solution is evidenced similar to the one reported in ceramics. In KNLSTN single crystals, we observed a substantial evolution of the orthorhombic-to-tetragonal phase transition under minute composition changes.
Predicting complication risk in spine surgery: a prospective analysis of a novel risk assessment tool (2017)

OBJECTIVE The ability to assess the risk of adverse events based on known patient factors and comorbidities would provide more effective preoperative risk stratification. Present risk assessment in spine surgery is limited. An adverse event prediction tool was developed to predict the risk of complications after spine surgery and tested on a prospective patient cohort. METHODS The spinal Risk Assessment Tool (RAT), a novel instrument for the assessment of risk for patients undergoing spine surgery that was developed based on an administrative claims database, was prospectively applied to 246 patients undergoing 257 spinal procedures over a 3-month period. Prospectively collected data were used to compare the RAT to the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) and the American College of Surgeons National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Surgical Risk Calculator. Study end point was occurrence and type of complication after spine surgery. RESULTS The authors identified 69 patients (73 procedures) who experienced a complication over the prospective study period. Cardiac complications were most common (10.2%). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated to compare complication outcomes using the different assessment tools. Area under the curve (AUC) analysis showed comparable predictive accuracy between the RAT and the ACS NSQIP calculator (0.670 [95% CI 0.60-0.74] in RAT, 0.669 [95% CI 0.60-0.74] in NSQIP). The CCI was not accurate in predicting complication occurrence (0.55 [95% CI 0.48-0.62]). The RAT produced mean probabilities of 34.6% for patients who had a complication and 24% for patients who did not (p = 0.0003). The generated predicted values were stratified into low, medium, and high rates. For the RAT, the predicted complication rate was 10.1% in the low-risk group (observed rate 12.8%), 21.9% in the medium-risk group (observed 31.8%), and 49.7% in the high-risk group (observed 41.2%). The ACS NSQIP calculator consistently produced complication predictions that underestimated complication occurrence: 3.4% in the low-risk group (observed 12.6%), 5.9% in the medium-risk group (observed 34.5%), and 12.5% in the high-risk group (observed 38.8%). The RAT was more accurate than the ACS NSQIP calculator (p = 0.0018). CONCLUSIONS While the RAT and ACS NSQIP calculator were both able to identify patients more likely to experience complications following spine surgery, both have substantial room for improvement. Risk stratification is feasible in spine surgery procedures; currently used measures have low accuracy.
The preparation of aryl 1‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐5‐imidazolyl sulfides and sulfones (1994)

Abstract A series of aryl 1‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐5‐imidazolyl sulfides was prepared by displacement of fluoride from the 5‐position of 1‐(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)‐2‐phenyl‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐5‐fluoroimidazole by substituted thiophenols and by benzyl mercaptan. This displacement reaction occurs much more slowly than the corresponding previously described reactions of 4‐trifluoromethyl‐5‐fluorothiazoles and ‐oxazoles. Several solvent‐base pairs were examined; the reaction was found to work best when dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the solvent and diazabicycloundecene as the base. The sulfides were oxidized to sulfones by treatment with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid.
A 32/spl times/10 Gb/s DWDM metropolitan network demonstration using wavelength-selective photonic cross-connects and narrow-band EDFAs (2005)

The feasibility of a 32/spl times/10 Gb/s dense wavelength-division-multiplexed (DWDM) all-optical short-reach metropolitan network using dynamically reconfigurable three-dimensional microelectromechanical-system-based wavelength-selective photonic cross-connects (WSPXC) is experimentally investigated. Full DWDM amplification at the high-capacity node is performed with low-cost narrow-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers whose channel gain variation is compensated per span using the inherent channel equalization capability of the WSPXC. With Reed-Solomon forward error correction, bit-error rates better than 10/sup -15/ are possible for all 32 channels over 400 km of single-mode fiber and ten transitions through the WSPXC nodes.
Investigation of the Properties of Magnetic Films Deposited on Carbon Nitride A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor of Science with Honors in Physics from the College of William and Mary in Virginia (2001)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the magnetic and structural properties of nickel films when deposited on hard and amorphous carbon thin films. We are interested in both magnetic properties related to the giant magnetoresistive effect, such as saturation magnetization and field coercivity and changes in roughness of the films. These films were also annealed to determine whether or not temperature would affect them greatly. Since each film must be heated in order to deposit another layer of carbon to produce a multilayer film, we must discover what these changes are and how they influence the above properties.
Codebook Design of Generalized Space Shift Keying for FDD Massive MIMO Systems in Spatially Correlated Channels (2014)

The massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system is one of the most promising techniques for beyond fourth-generation (B4G) wireless communication systems. However, supporting a downlink (DL) frequency-division duplex (FDD) massive MIMO system for backward compatibility might be a bottleneck problem because the number of feedback bits for the FDD system is proportionate to the number of transmit antennas. In this perspective, the well-known generalized space-shift keying (GSSK) can be a suitable candidate to support the DL FDD massive MIMO system. In this paper, the GSSK activating all transmit antennas at once is named as port modulation (PM). PM has enormous potential to utilize the spatial resources of the massive MIMO system by linking precoding and the well-known spatial modulation (SM). In this paper, we propose a codebook design for PM, which makes it possible to improve the average bit error probability (ABEP) of PM without instantaneous channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter (CSIT) or additional efforts to design shaping filters. Simulation results show that when the base station consists of a large number of spatially correlated transmit antennas, the proposed codebook design offers lower ABEP than other limited feedback or open-loop systems, such as spacen-time-block-coded SM (STBC-SM).
Halon Thermochemistry:  Calculated Enthalpies of Formation of Chlorofluoromethanes (1996)

The ab initio G2, G2(MP2), CBS-4, CBS-Q, and BAC-MP4 methods have been used to calculate the enthalpies of formation of the series of four chloromethanes and six chlorofluoromethanes [CHxFyCl4-x-y, x = 0−3, y = 0−3]. Calculated values of ΔfH° using the first four ab initio methods exhibit comparatively large systematic negative errors compared with experimental values, up to −50 kJ/mol, which are nearly linearly dependent upon the number of C−F and C−Cl bonds in the molecule. It is found for the chlorofluoromethanes that the application of bond additivity corrections (BAC's) to the ab initio enthalpies effectively removes systematic errors in the calculations and yields values that are in close agreement with experimentally derived heats. The rms deviations of the corrected calculated enthalpies from the experimental values are 2.4, 2.6, 3.4, 4.7, and 3.8 kJ/mol for the G2(MP2), G2, CBS-Q, CBS-4, and BAC-MP4 methods, respectively. These deviations are lower than the rms errors (6.9 kJ/mol) in the experimental enthalpies. Therefore, it is concluded that any of these calculational procedures, together with bond additivity corrections to remove systematic error, may profitably be used to obtain accurate enthalpies of formation in chlorofluorocarbon species.
Cramer–Rao Lower Bound for Constrained Complex Parameters (2004)

An expression for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) on the covariance of unbiased estimators of a constrained complex parameter vector is derived. The application and usefulness of the result is demonstrated through its use in the context of a semiblind channel estimation problem.
SPC03-5: Analog Multi-Tone Signaling for High-Speed Backplane Electrical Links (2006)

Implementing a multi-tone (MT) architecture for high-speed backplane electrical links is difficult given the tight power and complexity constraints in this application. This paper proposes an approach that incorporates a baseband (BB) channel and a few passband (PB) channels. In this MT system inter- channel interference (ICI) and inter-symbol interference (ISI) are eliminated through fractionally spaced equalization at the transmitter and feedback equalization at the receiver. The design is modeled as a MIMO system, and optimal equalizer coefficients to minimize the transmit peak voltage are found by casting the optimization as a Second Order Conic (SOC) problem. In addition, for systems that need adaptation, we show how equalizer and power allocation coefficients can be obtained (sub optimally) using Zero Forcing (ZF) optimization. The effect of transmitter and receiver clock jitter are modeled in a way that can be included in both SOC and ZF optimizations, and the performance of this system is compared to more conventional baseband examples. It is shown that this AMT system can be built with complexity/power similar to a comparable performance baseband system, but has the ability to scale to higher bit rates.
High-efficiency red electroluminescent device based on multishelled InP quantum dots (2016)

We report on the synthesis of highly fluorescent red-emitting InP quantum dots (QDs) and their application to the fabrication of a high-efficiency QD-light-emitting diode (QLED). The core/shell heterostructure of the QDs is elaborately tailored toward a multishelled structure with a composition-gradient ZnSeS intermediate shell and an outer ZnS shell. Using the resulting InP/ZnSeS/ZnS QDs as an emitting layer, all-solution-processible red InP QLEDs are fabricated with a hybrid multilayered device structure having an organic hole transport layer (HTL) and an inorganic ZnO nanoparticle electron transport layer. Two HTLs of poly(9-vinlycarbazole) or poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-co-(4,4<sup>'</sup>-(N-(4-sec-butylphenyl))diphenyl-amine), whose hole mobilities are different by at least three orders of magnitude, are individually applied for QLED fabrication and such HTL-dependent device performances are compared. Our best red device displays exceptional figures of merit such as a maximum luminance of 2849 cd/m<sup>2</sup>, a current efficiency of 4.2 cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency of 2.5%.
S100A9 is a Biliary Protein Marker of Disease Activity in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis (2012)

The bile-duct bile proteome is complex and its analysis might enhance the understanding of cholestatic liver disease. Biliary S100A9 levels may be a useful marker for PSC activity, and its implication in inflammation and carcinogenesis warrants further investigation.
A Diferric Peroxo Complex with an Unprecedented Spin Configuration: An S=2 System Arising from an S=5/2, 1/2 Pair (2002)

In a spin: Transient peroxo iron complexes have been characterized by the means of Mössbauer and HF-EPR spectroscopies. Complex 1 has an unexpected S=2 ground state resulting from the coupling between the S=5/2 and S=1/2 iron(III) ions.
Effect of surface applied glycine betaine on herbage production and quality of perennial ryegrass - white clover pastures (2008)

Osmoprotectants have been reported to reduce the detrimental effects of various environmental stresses in many different plant species. However, there is little research available concerning pasture species. Two experiments were undertaken with the aim of quantifying the effect of surface applications of exogenous glycine betaine (GB) on herbage production and quality of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)–white clover (Trifolium repens L.) pastures during periods of moisture stress and cold temperatures over 2 years. Pastures fertilised with GB were compared with unfertilised pastures and pastures fertilised with nitrogen (N). Rates of 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 kg GB/ha.defoliation were applied in experiment 1 and 5 kg GB/ha.defoliation was applied in experiment 2. Surface applications of GB did not significantly affect herbage production relative to unfertilised pastures; herbage yields averaged 12 248 and 12 693 kg DM/ha over 11 months in experiment 1, and 7253 and 7177 kg DM/ha over 6 months during summer and autumn in experiment 2, for the unfertilised control and GB, respectively. During both experiments, herbage quality parameters were not affected by GB application, although the proportion of white clover in the sward between summer and winter during experiment 1 was greater (P &lt; 0.01) in plots treated with GB than in untreated plots. Application of N fertiliser increased (P &lt; 0.001) herbage production, but did not consistently affect herbage quality. The failure of surface applications of exogenous GB to improve the herbage production or quality of perennial ryegrass–white clover pastures suggests that it is not an appropriate method to enhance plant tolerance to environmental stress at the concentrations applied in these studies.
Realtimes dynamic optimization for demand-side load management (2008)

Abstract This paper focuses on Demand-Side load Management applied to residential sector. A multi-scale optimization mechanism for demand-side Load management is proposed. It composes the Load Management Layer, which carries out the distribution of the energy in housing. A dynamical limit for power consumption will be applied to each household. The home automation system integrated in each household plays the role of controlling the whole energy consumption in the housing by using service and appliances flexibilities, thus the energy consumption has the possibilities to be modified and controlled. Thanks to the feedback of the satisfaction of the client by the home automation system, the Load Management Layer can modify the limit of power consumption of the household again. This control mechanism takes dynamically into account the comfort of the users and satisfies the constraint from the energy production capabilities. A simulation of 400 housings points out the performance of this control mechanism.
ONVIF Security Recommendations (2010)

This white paper gives security implementation and administration guidelines for developers and users of the ONVIF Network Interface Specifications.
Profiling Of Gene Expression In Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2012)

p { margin-bottom: 0.08in; } Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common, complex inflammatory lung disease with unknown etiology affecting RATIONALE: approximately 200,000 Americans. The rate of IPF progression differs among patients and the identification of IPF patients destined to progress and to require transplantation is an unmet medical need. We profiled gene expression patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 41 IPF patients and 32 healthy METHODS: controls of European ancestry using Affymetrix Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to detect the relationship between gene expression level and IPF progression status or diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Samples were grouped into four categories according to progression status: healthy, stable, mild progressive, and severe RESULTS: progressive. The expression of 1,388 genes were significantly correlated with IPF severity (adjusted P<0.01). Gene ontology analysis revealed ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, T-cell receptor signaling pathway, PDGF signaling pathway, Notch signaling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway as the most significantly dysregulated gene ontologies (P<0.01). Evaluation of the relationship between gene expression level and DLCO percent predicted, a reflection of disease severity revealed significant correlation (adjusted P<0.01) in 1,580 genes with the T cell receptor signaling pathway significantly overrepresented in addition to ECM-receptor interaction, calcium signaling pathway, focal adhesion, and hedgehog signaling pathway. Our results suggest that a substantial number of genes are likely involved in IPF pathobiology with disease progression CONCLUSIONS: providing identifiable heterogeneity in gene expression. Our findings may help elucidate the etiology of IPF and provide the potential for identifying novel biomarkers for diagnosis of IPF, and personalize the clinical approach to this complicated disease.
Nanoscale Lithium Quantification in LiXNiyCowMnZO2 as Cathode for Rechargeable Batteries (2018)

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) using a focused ion-beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) is a promising and economical technique for lithium detection and quantification in battery materials because it overcomes the limitations with detecting low Li content by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). In this work, an experimental calibration curve was produced, which to our best knowledge allowed for the first time, the quantification of lithium in standard nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC-532) cathodes using 20 nm resolution. The technique overcomes matrix effects and edges effects that makes quantification complex. This work shows the high potential of TOF-SIMS tool for analytical characterization of battery materials, and demonstrates its tremendous capabilities towards identification of various chemical or electrochemical phenomena in the cathodes via high-resolution ion distributions. Various phenomena in the ion distributions are also assessed, such as edge effects or measurement artifacts from real signal variations.
Complexity and Nonlinearities of Short-Term Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Controls after Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement (2020)

We assessed the effect of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular controls with particular attention to their complexity and presence of nonlinear behaviors via the analysis of spontaneous variability of heart period (HP), systolic and diastolic arterial pressure (SAP and DAP) and mean cerebral blood flow (MCBF). Variability series were acquired before (PRE) and after (POST) SAVR in 12 patients (age: 76±4.7 yrs, 7 males) at rest in supine position and during active standing. Complexity was assessed via a local nonlinear prediction approach exploiting the k-nearest neighbor strategy. The presence of nonlinear dynamics was checked by comparing the complexity marker computed over the original series with the distribution of values assessed over 100 surrogates preserving distribution and power spectral density of the original series but with random phases. We found that: i) HP variance was significantly reduced in POST; ii) the complexity of SAP and DAP variabilities increased in POST with a greater likelihood of observing nonlinear dynamics over SAP compared to PRE at supine rest; iii) the amplitude of MCBF fluctuations and its complexity in POST remained similar to PRE. SAVR induces important changes of the cardiac and vascular autonomic controls, while cerebrovascular regulation seems to be less affected.
In Situ Forming Hydrogels via Catalyst-Free and Bioorthogonal “Tetrazole–Alkene” Photo-Click Chemistry (2013)

In situ forming hydrogels were developed from 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-methacrylate (PEG-4-MA) and -tetrazole (PEG-4-Tet) derivatives through catalyst-free and bioorthogonal "tetrazole-alkene" photo-click chemistry. PEG-4-MA and PEG-4-Tet (Mn = 10 kg/mol) were soluble at 37 °C in phosphate buffer (PB, pH 7.4, 10 mM) at total polymer concentrations ranging from 20 to 60 wt % but formed fluorescent hydrogels upon 365 nm UV irradiation at an intensity of 20.6, 30.7, or 60 mW/cm(2). The gelation times ranged from ca. 50 s to 5 min, and storage moduli varied from 0.65 to 25.2 kPa depending on polymer concentrations and degrees of Tet substitution in PEG-4-Tet conjugates. The cell experiments via an indirect contact assay demonstrated that these "tetrazole-alkene" photo-click PEG hydrogels were noncytotoxic. The high specificity of photo-click reaction renders thus obtained PEG hydrogels particularly interesting for controlled protein release. Notably, in vitro release studies showed that cytochrome c (CC), γ-globulins (Ig), and recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) all were released from PEG hydrogels in a sustained and quantitative manner over a period of 14-20 days. Importantly, released CC and rhIL-2 exhibited comparable biological activities to native CC and rhIL-2, respectively. These results confirm that "tetrazole-alkene" photo-click reaction is highly compatible with these loaded proteins. This photo-controlled, specific, efficient, and catalyst-free click chemistry provides a new and versatile strategy to in situ forming hydrogels that hold tremendous potentials for protein delivery and tissue engineering.
Sustained Release of Antibiotics from Fibrin Sealant (2020)

The administration of antibiotics is thought of as a commonplace matter. These drugs are usually given systemically in the hospital setting, and either systemically or topically under domestic circumstances. These approaches are generally adequate, largely due to the high therapeutic index of most antibiotics. Nevertheless, situations remain where the systemic administration of antibiotics produces unsatisfactory results. The use of fibrin sealant (FS) as a site-directed, drug-delivery system has potential for several clinical applications. Unlike many nonbiological carriers and carriers derived from animal tissues, FS can be formulated to contain only human proteins, which minimizes immunogenicity and foreign body reactions. Several methods of delivering antibiotics to specific sites utilizing fibrin have been devised. Such “antibiotic-supplemented” fibrin has been shown to be useful in some clinical and preclinical settings. The use of an antibiotic in a chemical form with low solubility rendered the system susceptible to saturation-induced limitation of the delivery rate.