gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PACKAGING OF LARGE LATERAL DEFLECTION MEMS USING A COMBINATION OF FUSION BONDING AND EPITAXIAL REACTOR SEALING (2010)

The fabrication process described in this paper combines fusion bonding with a thin film sealing technique to package various MEMS devices. This combination allows large variations in trench widths (1.5m up to 100m), which is necessary for encapsulating structures that include combdrives or large parallel plate capacitor arrays. The design rules are flexible enough to allow many different capacitively actuated, lateral displacement MEMS devices. Structures with resonant frequencies ranging from 5kHz up to 1.4MHz have been successfully encapsulated using this process with yields greater than 80%. In contrast to many other wafer bonding methods, fusion bonding allows the footprint of these fully encapsulated structures to be only slightly larger than the structure itself.
Wireless and Radio Communications (2019)

The articles in this special section examine new and emerging wireless and radio communication technologies.
Automatic Respiratory Gating Hepatic DCEUS-based Dual-phase Multi-parametric Functional Perfusion Imaging using a Derivative Principal Component Analysis (2019)

<b>Purpose</b>: Angiogenesis in liver cancers can be characterized by hepatic functional perfusion imaging (FPI) on the basis of dynamic contrast-enhanced ultrasound (DCEUS). However, accuracy is limited by breathing motion which results in out-of-plane image artifacts. Current hepatic FPI studies do not correct for these artifacts and lack the evaluation of correction accuracy. Thus, a hepatic DCEUS-based dual-phase multi-parametric FPI (DM-FPI) scheme using a derivative principal component analysis (PCA) respiratory gating is proposed to overcome these limitations. <b>Materials and Methods</b>: By considering severe 3D out-of-plane respiratory motions, the proposed scheme's accuracy was verified with <i>in vitro</i> DCEUS experiments in a flow model mimicking a hepatic vein. The feasibility was further demonstrated by considering <i>in vivo</i> DCEUS measurements in normal rabbit livers, and hepatic cavernous hemangioma and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients. After respiratory kinetics was extracted through PCA of DCEUS sequences under free-breathing condition, dual-phase respiratory gating microbubble kinetics was identified by using a derivative PCA zero-crossing dual-phase detection, respectively. Six dual-phase hemodynamic parameters were estimated from the dual-phase microbubble kinetics and DM-FPI was then reconstructed via color-coding to quantify 2.5D angiogenic hemodynamic distribution for live tumors. <b>Results</b>: Compared with no respiratory gating, the mean square error of respiratory gating DM-FPI decreased by 1893.9 ± 965.4 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and mean noise coefficients decreased by 17.5 ± 7.1 (<i>p</i> < 0.05), whereas correlation coefficients improved by 0.4 ± 0.2 (<i>p</i> < 0.01). DM-FPI observably removed severe respiratory motion artifacts on PFI and markedly enhanced the accuracy and robustness both <i>in vitro</i> and in <i>vivo</i>. <b>Conclusions</b>: DM-FPI precisely characterized and distinguished the heterogeneous angiogenic hemodynamics about perfusion volume, blood flow and flow rate within two anatomical sections in the normal liver, and in benign and malignant hepatic tumors. DCEUS-based DM-FPI scheme might be a useful tool to help clinicians diagnose and provide suitable therapies for liver tumors.
Wetting Behavior and Reactivity Between AlTi6 Alloy and Carbon Nanotubes (2016)

Wetting behavior between molten AlTi6 alloy and nanoporous carbon substrate (carbon nanotubes paper) was investigated by a sessile drop method in vacuum at 800, 900, and 1000 °C. In order to avoid the effect of native oxide film on metal sample, an advanced capillary purification technique coupled with non-contact heating was applied. The AlTi6 drop did not wet the MWCNT paper immediately after deposition on the substrate at 800 °C, forming a contact angle of θ = 153°. The increase in temperature up to 900 °C and holding the system for 15 min also did not affect the contact angle (θ = 153 ± 1). Further heating above 930 °C at a rate of 5 °C/min caused a gradual lowering of contact angle down to ~130° and after about 10-min interaction at 1000 °C, it reached the final value of 123°. Structural investigations of solidified sessile drop AlTi6/MWCNT couple by scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed that high-temperature interaction between MWCNTs and molten AlTi6 alloy is accompanied with liquid metal infiltration of MWCNT substrate, fragmentation of MWCNTs, and formation of TiC in the form of rod-like crystallites and fine particles uniformly distributed in the metal matrix. The mechanism of MWCNT → TiC transformation in the AlTi6/MWCNT system by high-temperature liquid-assisted process is discussed.
Interconnect Exploration for Energy Versus Performance Tradeoffs for Coarse Grained Reconfigurable Architectures (2008)

Modern portable embedded devices require processors that can provide sufficient performance for demanding multimedia and wireless applications. At the same time they have to be flexible to support a wide range of products and extremely energy efficient to provide a long battery life. Coarse grained reconfigurable architectures (CGRAs) potentially meet these constraints by providing a mix of flexible computational resources and large amounts of programmable interconnect. The vast design space of CGRAs complicates the development of optimized processors. Most effort has been spent on improving the performance. However, the energy cost of the programmable interconnect is becoming more expensive and this cost can no longer be neglected. In this work we present an energy- and performance-aware exploration for the interconnect of a CGRA and show that important tradeoffs can be made for those metrics. This will enable designers to develop more efficient architectures, tuned to a targeted application domain.
High‐performance pMOSFETs with high Ge fraction strained SiGe‐heterostructure channel and ultrashallow source/drain formed by selective B‐doped SiGe CVD (2008)

Abstract The improvement of current drivability and short‐channel effect is very important for ultrasmall MOS device technology. SiGe‐channel pMOSFETs are one of the most promising devices because hole mobility in the SiGe layers is enhanced. In the previous work, it has been reported that Super Self‐aligned Shallow junction Electrode (S 3 E) MOSFETs formed by selective B‐doped SiGe CVD are effective for the suppression of short‐channel effect. In this paper, it is clarified that the (S 3 E) pMOSFETs with Si 0.65 Ge 0.35 channel are realized not only with suppression of punch‐through due to the ultrashallow B‐diffused source/drain but also with enhancement of maximum linear transconductance due to the low parasitic resistance, compared to that with the Si channel fabricated by the same process conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(3): 46–50, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20597
A Scalable Synthesis of a 1,7-Naphthyridine Derivative, a PDE-4 Inhibitor (2010)

A six-step synthesis of a 4-[8-(3-fluorophenyl)[1,7]naphthyridin-6-yl]-trans-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid with an overall yield of 27% starting from 2-cyano-3-methylpyridine, cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylic acid dimethyl ester, and 3-fluorophenylboronic acid is described. The trans stereochemistry in the cyclohexane moiety was achieved through a series of equilibration steps at different stages of the synthesis.
DC Islands in AC Smart Grids (2013)

The advantages arising from dc distribution networks are related to the possibilities of achieving higher quality supply and easier reconfigurability of the system. This paper presents the concept of introducing some dc islands interconnected with the ac distribution network. This will make it easier to connect storage systems, electrical drives, power converters, and renewable sources (i.e., photovoltaic panels). In order to realize the aforementioned goals, a methodology for designing the control strategy of different power converters connected to a dc bus without a centralized system management control unit is proposed. In this way, a plug-and-play functionality for connecting new power converter interfaced elements in the dc network able to stabilize the voltage under different working conditions is realized. In order to prove the advantages obtainable with such a network, a 100-kW dc test facility has been realized at the laboratories of RSE. Different working conditions were tested by means both of numerical and experimental results, proving the effectiveness of the proposed strategy for voltage regulation, continuity of service, and the smart use of storage devices.
Energy Efficiency for Cooperative MIMO Wireless Sensor Networks with Optimal Constellation Size under MPSK Modulation Scheme (2019)

We consider the energy efficiency for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where all the nodes operate on batteries so that the total energy consumption should be minimized. One feasible and effective approach is to treat several individual single-antenna nodes which cooperative at the transmitter and receiver as multiple-antenna, i.e., cooperative MIMO. In this context, for the given bit error rate, we first analyze the total energy consumption under the MPSK modulation scheme by using space time block coding in the cooperative MIMO WSNs. Meanwhile, the upper bound of total energy consumption will be deduced. For both short and long transmission distance, we show the trend of the total energy consumption over the constellation size and obtain the optimal constellation size especially achieving the lowest system energy consumption. Additionally, the total energy consumption can be significantly saved by utilizing cooperative MIMO especially at long transmission distance.
Interaction of Dimethylmethylphosphonate with Zeolite Y: Impedance-Based Sensor for Detecting Nerve Agent Simulants (2010)

Dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP) is a simulant for the highly toxic organophosphate nerve agent Sarin (GB). The influence of DMMP on the ionic conductivity of zeolite Y is investigated by impedance spectroscopy. In the presence of 20−100 ppm of DMMP, the ionic conductivity of the sodium exchanged form of the zeolite showed an increase. The interaction between DMMP and the zeolite was elucidated by examining different cation-exchanged zeolites as well as external surface modification with ceria to deactivate acidic groups. A mechanism involving the binding of the sodium cation with the phosphonate group of DMMP that results in facilitated inter cage motion of the cation is proposed. The change in impedance measured at a single frequency of 3000 Hz allows for the use of Na+-exchanged zeolite Y as a sensor for detecting ppm level of DMMP. Sensing data were obtained over a temperature range of 300−350 °C, with best results at 320 °C. This device exhibited minimal response to CO, NH3, methane, and propane, possible interferents in the ambient air.
A passivity based control methodology for flexible joint robots with application to a simplified shuttle RMS arm (1991)

Identification of individuals at increased odds of underestimating their weight status may be important in developing and targeting appropriate counseling and interventions to ameliorate long-term health risks of excess weight.
Multi-Pass Cell Post-Compression for Pump-Probe Experiments at the FEL Facility FLASH (2021)

We present high-power Yb:YAG lasers combined with nonlinear pulse compression in multi-pass cells. We show that these are suitable for integration in FEL facilities in terms of pulse stability, jitter, temporal contrast and intra-burst behaviour.
A field portable membrane introduction mass spectrometer with in-line standard infusion and sample heat exchanger for real-time monitoring of volatile organic compounds in aqueous samples (2020)

Maintaining a steady sample temperature when analyzing real-time samples in the field is crucial for Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry (MIMS). Diffusion through the membrane interface is temperature dependent, and sample temperature might vary depending on the sample source. In order to reduce this source of inaccuracy, an in-field and online continuous monitoring system based on (MIMS) coupled with a heat exchanger and in-line standard addition was developed for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOC) in actual field samples. Parametric studies of the heat exchanger have been conducted in the laboratory. In order to maintain control on instrumental signal drift during continuous, long-term analysis periods, the system used continuous infusion of internal standard (tuloene-d8) into the sample stream and also provided the possibility to infuse, in the same way, an analyte for standard addition calibration. This set-up has been utilized in the field for analyzing both natural water sources and heavily polluted process water. The system was demonstrated to offer a rapid method for quantifying volatile hazardous pollutants in aqueous matrices with good time-resolution.
Regulation of Toll‐like receptor 4 expression and its signaling by hypoxia in cultured microglia (2007)

Hypoxia is an important biological signal that regulates a wide variety of physiological responses. At the same time, hypoxia is involved in multiple pathological situations. In particular, hypoxia is closely associated with neural injury in the brain. Hypoxia has been recently proposed as a neuroinflammatogen, as it can induce the inflammatory activation of microglia, a major cellular source of inflammatory mediators in the brain. In this article, we present evidence that hypoxia enhances Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in cultured microglia and differentially regulates the downstream signaling pathways of TLR4. Hypoxia up-regulated TLR4 expression at the mRNA and protein levels in a microglia cell line, as well as in primary microglia cultures. Hypoxia, however, differentially regulated MyD88-dependent and -independent pathways of TLR4 signaling: Hypoxia enhanced lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) activation and the subsequent expression of IFNbeta (MyD88-independent pathway), whereas it suppressed LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation (MyD88-dependent pathway). Hypoxia did not affect IFNgamma signaling, which was represented by signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) activation and interferon-regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) induction. Taken together, although hypoxia up-regulates TLR4 expression, its downstream signaling pathways appear to be differentially modulated by hypoxia.
A 2400 bps mixed excitation LPC vocoder (2003)

The authors present a 2400-b/s speech coder based on a novel linear predicting coding (LPC) vocoder model. This model preserves the low bit rate capabilities of the traditional LPC vocoder, but it features a more flexible parameterization of the LPC excitation signal. This allows the synthesizer to generate more realistic output speech, and it also increases the robustness of the coder to acoustic background noise. The vocoder has been implemented in a real-time system. Formal subjective testing of the coder confirms that it produces natural-sounding speech even in a difficult noise environment. In fact, diagnostic acceptability measure (DAM) test scores show that its performance is close to that of the 4800-b/s Department of Defense CELP (code excited linear prediction) coder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Severe Acute Respiratory Infections (SARI) surveillance in over-65-years-old patients: the experience of a University hospital (seasons 2017-2018 and 2018-2019). (2021)

The surveillance of SARI conduced in one hospital in Rome confirmed that influenza is an important cause of hospital admissions. Routine monitoring of infectious diseases and related aetiology associated with SARI, also at the local-level, is useful for targeting the right preventive measures.
Employing EBG in Wireless Inter-chip Communication Links: Design and Performance (2020)

This paper investigates the use of Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures in wireless inter-chip communication links, EBG structures can be used to package open microstrip line baluns to suppress their radiation, and consequently enhance the overall wireless inter-chip link budget.
Synthesis of Dual-Size Cellulose–Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanofiber Composites via One-Step Electrospinning Method for High-Performance Air Filter (2017)

Dual-size nanofibers consisting of a random mixture of nano- and submicron-size nanofibers are promising structures for specific applications such as air filters because of their increased specific surface area and low pressure drop. Synthesis of dual-size nanofibers using one-step electrospinning was reported here for the first time. The formation of well-mixed nano- and submicron-size cellulose-polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofiber composites was accomplished utilizing the physical properties of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (i.e., high thixotropy and high magnitude of zeta potential) and tuning the charge of the polymer jet, which influences the formation and shape of Taylor cone, and Coulombic explosion. The dual-size nanofibers were then spun on the surface of a HEPA filter to obtain a multilayer air filter. Aerosol filtration measurements show that this multilayer air filter has an incredibly high performance, shown by the high quality factor (Qf), 0.117 Pa<sup>-1</sup>, which is 10 times the Qf of commercial HEPA filters.
Computer-controlled instrument system for sequential clinical chemical testing. II. Evaluation of instrumental performance. (1973)

The instrumental system described [ Clin. Chem. 19 , 1114 (1973)] is evaluated in manual, partially automated, and totally automated modes to measure system and individual component performance. Excellent accuracy and precision were observed, hence the system is judged suitable for most analytical applications. Results are: wavelength accuracy and reproducibility in automated mode: ±0.004 nm and ±0.1 nm, respectively; photometric accuracy and precision: ca. 0.8% relative and ±0.007 A , respectively, in both the manual and automated modes; and ratemeter accuracy and precision: ±0.4% relative and ±0.873 (SD) mV/min (or m A / min), respectively, for standard synthetic ramps and ±1.2% relative and ±2.2 (SD) mV/min, respectively, under actual laboratory conditions for rates in the range of 1 to 200 mV/min. Automated experiments are made without human intervention after the samples are loaded.
High Quality GaAs Nanowires Grown on Glass Substrates (2012)

We report for the first time the growth of GaAs nanowires directly on low-cost glass substrates using atmospheric pressure metal organic vapor phase epitaxy via a vapor-liquid-solid mechanism with gold as catalyst. Substrates used in this work were of float glass type typically seen in household window glasses. Growth of GaAs nanowires on glass were investigated for growth temperatures between 410 and 580 °C. Perfectly cylindrical nontapered nanowires with a growth rate of ~33 nm/s were observed at growth temperatures of 450 and 470 °C, whereas highly tapered pillar-like wires were observed at 580 °C. Nanowires grew horizontally on the glass surface at 410 °C with a tendency to grow in vertically from the substrate as the growth temperature was increased. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the nanowires have a perfect zinc blende structure with no planar structural defects or stacking faults. Strong photoluminescence emission was observed both at low temperature and room temperature indicating a high optical quality of GaAs nanowires. Growth comparison on impurity free fused silica substrate suggests unintentional doping of the nanowires from the glass substrate.
Generic congestion control through network coordination (2003)

With the rapid emergence of new services and the quick change of traffic in Internet, the widely used end-to-end congestion control scheme becomes insufficient. This paper proposes a new congestion control architecture based on the coordination among the core router the edge router, and the host. The core router notifies its immediately upstream nodes when it detects incipient congestion. Those nodes then constrain their sending rates to prevent congestion. No per-flow state information is maintained in routers. The application itself need not take care of the rate adaptation. The architecture provides a uniform solution accommodating both responsive and unresponsive traffic with trivial overhead. It reduces the packet loss to zero, and leads to higher network resource utilization. Response time to congestion is greatly reduced. The architecture has been implemented in the Linux kernel, Some preliminary experiments show its advantages.
Neighbors-on-Path: A New Selection Strategy for On-Chip Networks (2006)

Efficient and deadlock-free routing is critical to the performance of networks-on-chip. In this paper we present an approach that can be coupled to any adaptive routing algorithm to improve the performance with a minimal overhead on area and energy consumption. The proposed approach introduces the concept of neighbors-on-path to exploit the situations of indecision occurring when the routing function returns several admissible output channels. A selection strategy is developed with the aim to choose the channel that will allow the packet to be routed to its destination along a path that is as free as possible of congested nodes. Performance evaluation is carried out by using a flit-accurate simulator on traffic scenarios generated by both synthetic and real applications. Results obtained show how the proposed selection policy applied to the odd-even routing algorithm outperforms other deterministic and adaptive routing algorithms both in average delay and energy consumption
Model based analysis for quantization parameter cascading in hierarchical video coding (2009)

Originally, hierarchical prediction structures were proposed to achieve temporal scalability. Soon after, it was realized that with a proper quantization parameter cascading (QPC) scheme the general performance can be significantly improved by hierarchical coding. However, the theory behind the gain has not been explored so far. In this paper, the QPC in hierarchical coding is investigated by model based emulations. From the analysis, it is noticed that a parameter β which represents the error propagation in a group of pictures greatly affects the performance of QPC in hierarchical coding. Based on β, a simple adaptive QPC algorithm is designed. Simulations verify the efficiency of this algorithm: a gain up to 0.89 dB is obtained over the most recent SVC reference software.
Air‐Stable P‐Chiral Bidentate Phosphine Ligand with (1‐Adamantyl)methylphosphino Group. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure Elucidation of Fungal Beauveriolide III, a Novel Inhibitor of Lipid Droplet Formation in Mouse Macrophages. (1999)

The structure of fungal beauveriolide III, an inhibitor of lipid droplet formation in mouse macrophages, was elucidated to be cyclo-[(3S,4S)-3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-alanyl- D-allo-isoleucyl] by spectral analyses and chemical degradation.