gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling Enhancements and Performance Evaluation of Downlink 5G Time-Sensitive Communications (2020)

Time-sensitive communications (TSC) in wireless networks is an emerging paradigm that gains research momentum as an enabler of the industrial Internet of Things. As compared to ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC) in fifth-generation cellular networks, TSC has stricter requirements in terms of latency and reliability, and also demands absolute time-synchronization and on-time delivery of packets for deterministic and isochronous real-time applications. In this regard, a key question is how to schedule TSC traffic flows effectively. This paper presents a radio resource allocation strategy for deterministic downlink TSC flows leveraging traffic pattern knowledge. Taking physical layer control channel effects into account, a comparison of semi-persistent and dynamic packet scheduling methods is presented as well as necessary enhancements to link adaptation and interference coordination procedures. With the proposed methods, the network capacity in terms of number of supported TSC flows can be more than doubled compared to traditional dynamic scheduling methods as commonly assumed for URLLC applications.
DSOD: Learning Deeply Supervised Object Detectors from Scratch (2017)

We present Deeply Supervised Object Detector (DSOD), a framework that can learn object detectors from scratch. State-of-the-art object objectors rely heavily on the off-the-shelf networks pre-trained on large-scale classification datasets like ImageNet, which incurs learning bias due to the difference on both the loss functions and the category distributions between classification and detection tasks. Model fine-tuning for the detection task could alleviate this bias to some extent but not fundamentally. Besides, transferring pre-trained models from classification to detection between discrepant domains is even more difficult (e.g. RGB to depth images). A better solution to tackle these two critical problems is to train object detectors from scratch, which motivates our proposed DSOD. Previous efforts in this direction mostly failed due to much more complicated loss functions and limited training data in object detection. In DSOD, we contribute a set of design principles for training object detectors from scratch. One of the key findings is that deep supervision, enabled by dense layer-wise connections, plays a critical role in learning a good detector. Combining with several other principles, we develop DSOD following the single-shot detection (SSD) framework. Experiments on PASCAL VOC 2007, 2012 and MS COCO datasets demonstrate that DSOD can achieve better results than the state-of-the-art solutions with much more compact models. For instance, DSOD outperforms SSD on all three benchmarks with real-time detection speed, while requires only 1/2 parameters to SSD and 1/10 parameters to Faster RCNN. Our code and models are available at: https://github.com/szq0214/DSOD .
SYNOPSIS OF THE NATIONAL FOOTBALL LEAGUE PLAYER HEALTH AND SAFETY MEETING (2008)

Casson, Ira R. M.D.; Viano, David C. Dr. Med., Ph.D.; Pellman, Elliot J. M.D. Author Information
Toxicity of Agricultural Subsurface Drainwater from the San Joaquin Valley, California, to Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Striped Bass (1992)

Juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (40–50 mm total length, TL) and striped bass Morone saxatilis (30–40 mm TL) were exposed to serial dilutions (100, 50, 25, and 12.5%) of agricultural subsurface drainwater (WWD), reconstituted drainwater (RWWD), and reconstituted seawater (IO). Agricultural subsurface drainwater contained naturally elevated concentrations of major ions (such as sodium and sulfate) and trace elements (especially boron and selenium), RWWD contained concentrations of major ions that mimicked those in WWD but trace elements were not elevated, and IO contained concentrations of total dissolved salt that were similar to those in WWD and RWWD but chloride replaced sulfate as the dominant anion. After 28 d of static exposure, over 75% of the chinook salmon in 100% WWD had died, whereas none had died in other dilutions and water types. Growth of chinook salmon in WWD and RWWD, but not in IO, exhibited dilution responses. All striped bass died in 100% WWD within 23 d, whereas 19 of 20 striped bass had died in 100% RWWD after 28 d. In contrast, none died in 100% IO. Growth of striped bass was impaired only in WWD. Fish in WWD accumulated as much as 200 μg/g (dry-weight basis) of boron, whereas fish in control water accumulated less than 3.1 μg/g. Although potentially toxic concentrations of selenium occurred in WWD (geometric means, 158–218 μg/L), chinook salmon and striped bass exposed to this water type accumulated 5.7 μg Se/g or less. These findings indicate that WWD was toxic to chinook salmon and striped bass. Judging from available data, the toxicity of WWD was due primarily to high concentrations of major ions present in atypical ratios, to high concentrations of sulfate, or to both. High concentrations of boron and selenium also may have contributed to the toxicity of WWD, but their effects were not clearly delineated.
The A2B Adenosine Receptor Impairs the Maturation and Immunogenicity of Dendritic Cells (2009)

The endogenous purine nucleoside adenosine is an important antiinflammatory mediator that contributes to the control of CD4(+) T cell responses. While adenosine clearly has direct effects on CD4(+) T cells, it remains to be determined whether actions on APC such as dendritic cells (DC) are also important. In this report we characterize DC maturation and function in BMDC stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of the nonselective adenosine receptor agonist NECA (5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine). We found that NECA inhibited TNF-alpha and IL-12 in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas IL-10 production was increased. NECA-treated BMDC also expressed reduced levels of MHC class II and CD86 and were less effective at stimulating CD4(+) T cell proliferation and IL-2 production compared with BMDC exposed to vehicle control. Based on real-time RT-PCR, the A(2A) adenosine receptor (A(2A)AR) and A(2B)AR were the predominant adenosine receptors expressed in BMDC. Using adenosine receptor subtype selective antagonists and BMDC derived from A(2A)AR(-/-) and A(2B)AR(-/-)mice, it was shown that NECA modulates TNF-alpha, IL-12, IL-10, and CD86 responses predominantly via A(2B)AR. These data indicate that engagement of A(2B)AR modifies murine BMDC maturation and suggest that adenosine regulates CD4(+) T cell responses by selecting for DC with impaired immunogencity.
Different versions of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 exist due to the activity of an effector transposon (2006)

SUMMARY The plant pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 is a key model organism to study plant-pathogen interactions. We realized that two versions of this strain, which carry plasmids of different sizes, exist in our strain collections. The difference was located to a 9.4-kb deletion within the larger of the two endogenous plasmids encompassing the partitioning genes parA and parB and a putative mobile element encoding the type III effector hopAM1-2 (formerly avrPpiB2). Both plasmid variants are lost in similar frequency, indicating that the partitioning genes are not essential for stability of the plasmid. In addition, the deletion derivative strain DC3001 exhibited the same virulence towards Arabidopsis as strain DC3000. The deletion site in DC3001 is located immediately adjacent to a putative transposon that carries the effector hopX1 (formerly avrPphE), suggesting that the deletion originated from an aberrant transposition event of this element. By tagging the hopX1 transposon with an antibiotic resistance cassette on a suicide plasmid it was shown that the element is functional and produces a target site duplication of 5 bp. The plasmid also integrated into the chromosome in several cases, possibly mediated by one-ended transposition of the hopX1 transposon. This is the first report that describes an active effector-transposon. Comparison of DC3000 strains from several sources revealed that strains exist with differences in the endogenous plasmid composition.
Yeast glycolytic mRNAs are differentially regulated. (1991)

The regulation of glycolytic genes in response to carbon source in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been studied. When the relative levels of each glycolytic mRNA were compared during exponential growth on glucose or lactate, the various glycolytic mRNAs were found to be induced to differing extents by glucose. No significant differences in the stabilities of the PFK2, PGK1, PYK1, or PDC1 mRNAs during growth on glucose or lactate were observed. PYK::lacZ and PGK::lacZ fusions were integrated independently into the yeast genome at the ura3 locus. The manner in which these fusions were differentially regulated in response to carbon source was similar to that of their respective wild-type loci. Therefore, the regulation of glycolytic mRNA levels is mediated at the transcriptional level. When the mRNAs are ordered with respect to the glycolytic pathway, two peaks of maximal induction are observed at phosphofructokinase and pyruvate kinase. These enzymes (i) catalyze the two essentially irreversible steps on the pathway, (ii) are the two glycolytic enzymes that are circumvented during gluconeogenesis and hence are specific to glycolysis, and (iii) are encoded by mRNAs that we have shown previously to be coregulated at the translational level in S. cerevisiae (P. A. Moore, A. J. Bettany, and A. J. P. Brown, NATO ASI Ser. Ser. H Cell Biol. 49:421-432, 1990). This differential regulation of glycolytic mRNA levels might therefore have a significant influence upon glycolytic flux in S. cerevisiae.
Stabilization of Highly Conductive Lithium Argyrodites by Means of Lithium Substitution: The Case of Li 6 Fe 0.5 PS 6 (2019)

Abstract All‐solid‐state‐batteries (ASSB) are promising candidates for next generation lithium batteries providing high energy density and safety levels. Their success crucially depends on the properties of the available solid electrolyte materials, ideally offering sufficient conductivities in combination with stability against decomposition over a large electrochemical window. Therefore, the search for solid electrolytes with novel compositions remains of high interest. In this work we present a strategy to stabilize highly conductive lithium argyrodites by means of lithium substitution. This is different from the previously described possibilities to obtain stable structures by either substituting phosphorous or sulfide anions in the parent compound Li 7 PS 6 . This approach offers access to a new array of solid electrolyte candidates with an argyrodite‐type crystal structure. Conductivities of up to 1.4⋅10 −4 S/cm can be obtained for Fe‐substituted materials of general composition Li 7‐2x Fe x PS 6 .
Compression boosting in optimal linear time using the Burrows-Wheeler Transform (2004)

In this paper we provide the first compression booster that turns a zeroth order compressor into a more effective k-th order compressor without any loss in time efficiency. More precisely, let A be an algorithm that compresses a string s within λ|s|H 0*(s)+ bits of storage in O(T(|s|)) time, where H 0*(s) is the zeroth order entropy of the string s. Our booster improves A by compressing s within λ|s|H k*(s) + log 2 |s| + gk bits still using O(T(|s|)) time, where H k*(s) is the k-th order entropy of s. The idea of a "compression booster" has been very recently introduced by Giancarlo and Sciortino in [7]. They combined the Burrows-Wheeler Transform with dynamic programming and achieved our same compression bound but with running time O(T(|s|)) + Ω(|s| 2). We start from the same premises of [7], but instead of using dynamic programming we design a linear time optimization algorithm based on novel structural properties of the Burrows-Wheeler Transform.
Throughput-Outage Analysis and Evaluation of Cache-Aided D2D Networks\n with Measured Popularity Distributions (2019)

Caching of video files on user devices, combined with file exchange through\ndevice-to-device (D2D) communications is a promising method for increasing the\nthroughput of wireless networks. Previous theoretical investigations showed\nthat throughput can be increased by orders of magnitude, but assumed a Zipf\ndistribution for modeling the popularity distribution, which was based on\nobservations in {\\em wired} networks. Thus the question whether cache-aided D2D\nvideo distribution can provide in practice the benefits promised by existing\ntheoretical literature remains open. To answer this question, we provide new\nresults specifically for popularity distributions of video requests of mobile\nusers. Based on an extensive real-world dataset, we adopt a generalized\ndistribution, known as Mandelbrot-Zipf (MZipf) distribution. We first show that\nthis popularity distribution can fit the practical data well. Using this\ndistribution, we analyze the throughput--outage tradeoff of the cache-aided D2D\nnetwork and show that the scaling law is identical to the case of Zipf\npopularity distribution when the MZipf distribution is sufficiently skewed,\nimplying that the benefits previously promised in the literature could indeed\nbe realized in practice. To support the theory, practical evaluations using\nnumerical experiments are provided, and show that the cache-aided D2D can\noutperform the conventional unicasting from base stations.\n
A versatile computational pipeline for bacterial genome annotation improvement and comparative analysis, with Brucella as a use case (2007)

We present a bacterial genome computational analysis pipeline, called GenVar. The pipeline, based on the program GeneWise, is designed to analyze an annotated genome and automatically identify missed gene calls and sequence variants such as genes with disrupted reading frames (split genes) and those with insertions and deletions (indels). For a given genome to be analyzed, GenVar relies on a database containing closely related genomes (such as other species or strains) as well as a few additional reference genomes. GenVar also helps identify gene disruptions probably caused by sequencing errors. We exemplify GenVar's capabilities by presenting results from the analysis of four Brucella genomes. Brucella is an important human pathogen and zoonotic agent. The analysis revealed hundreds of missed gene calls, new split genes and indels, several of which are species specific and hence provide valuable clues to the understanding of the genome basis of Brucella pathogenicity and host specificity.
HSP104 Required for Induced Thermotolerance (1990)

A heat shock protein gene, HSP104, was isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and a deletion mutation was introduced into yeast cells. Mutant cells grew at the same rate as wild-type cells and died at the same rate when exposed directly to high temperatures. However, when given a mild pre-heat treatment, the mutant cells did not acquire tolerance to heat, as did wild-type cells. Transformation with the wild-type gene rescued the defect of mutant cells. The results demonstrate that a particular heat shock protein plays a critical role in cell survival at extreme temperatures.
Methane Conversion to Methanol Using Au/ZSM-5 is Promoted by Carbon (2023)

The oxidation of methane using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant, over a Au/ZSM-5 catalyst, has been previously shown to produce methanol and acetic acid as products. We now show that this reaction is significantly enhanced by the addition of a range of carbon additives. Isotopic 13C-labeled studies and corresponding investigation into the activity of the carbon materials alone reveal that nearly all the methanol produced is derived from methane oxidation, with a negligible contribution attributed to the carbon additives, while further study identified carbon as the primary source of acetic acid, which was observed as a minor product. Gas phase CO is not observed as a product in the reaction of Au/ZSM-5 with CH4 + O2, and in reactions with added CO, not all the CO is converted. We, therefore, conclude that the effect observed with the carbon additive is not due to the in situ production of gas phase CO as a reaction intermediate. Rather, we postulate that the effect derives from the oxidation of the surface of the carbon in the aqueous reaction mixture and the interaction of the oxidized carbon surface with Au/ZSM-5. The reactivity of carbon in this reaction at 240 °C is unexpected, and the presence of water is required to observe the effect.
Subthreshold Swing of 59 mV decade−1 in Nanoscale Flexible Ultralow‐Voltage Organic Transistors (2022)

Abstract Organic thin‐film transistors (TFTs) that provide subthreshold swings near the theoretical limit together with large on/off current ratios at very low operating voltages require high‐capacitance gate dielectrics with a vanishingly small defect density. A promising approach to the fabrication of such dielectrics at temperatures sufficiently low to allow TFT fabrication on polymeric substrates are hybrid dielectrics consisting of a thin metal oxide layer in combination with a molecular self‐assembled monolayer (SAM). Here, the electrical and surface properties of titanium oxide produced by the plasma‐assisted oxidation of the surface of vacuum‐deposited titanium gate electrodes and its use as the first component of a hybrid TiO x /SAM gate dielectric in flexible organic TFTs are investigated. These transistors have a gate‐dielectric capacitance of about 1 µF cm −2 , a subthreshold swing of 59 mV decade −1 (within measurement error of the physical limit at room temperature) for a wide range of channel lengths as small as 0.7 µm, and an on/off current ratio of 10 7 for a gate‐source‐voltage range of 1 V.
Curved Waveguides for Spatial Mode Filters in Semiconductor Lasers (2004)

Curved waveguides are used as a lateral spatial mode filter to increase the threshold for the first-order mode in high-power narrow stripe semiconductor lasers. Beam propagation analysis is used to determine optimal waveguide geometries and radii of curvature to establish appropriate amounts of bend loss. Curved waveguide devices are fabricated and compared against conventional devices. Use of a curved waveguide increases the current level at which lateral beam instabilities occur from /spl sim/400 to /spl sim/700 mA with no decline in slope efficiency.
BEAT (2018)

We present BEAT, a set of practical Byzantine fault-tolerant (BFT) protocols for completely asynchronous environments. BEAT is flexible, versatile, and extensible, consisting of five asynchronous BFT protocols that are designed to meet different goals (e.g., different performance metrics, different application scenarios). Due to modularity in its design, features of these protocols can be mixed to achieve even more meaningful trade-offs between functionality and performance for various applications. Through a 92-instance, five-continent deployment of BEAT on Amazon EC2, we show that BEAT is efficient: roughly, all our BEAT instances significantly outperform, in terms of both latency and throughput, HoneyBadgerBFT, the most efficient asynchronous BFT known.
Stimulated Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering in a supercritical fluid (2007)

We report stimulated Brillouin and Rayleigh scattering experiments in n-hexane for a wide range of subcritical and supercritical temperature and pressure conditions, including the near-critical region. The measurements were performed in a cell designed for operation at conditions near or above the critical point. An injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser was employed as the pump laser and an external cavity diode laser as the probe laser. The use of 1064-nm light enhances stimulated Rayleigh scattering through direct thermal absorption. Analysis of the recorded spectra yielded the widths, shifts, and heights of the electrostrictive Brillouin, thermal Brillouin, and thermal Rayleigh peaks. Comparison of these features with theory has showed consistency with the theoretical predictions of the relationships between the heights and widths of the thermal Brillouin and thermal Rayleigh peaks. Remarkable structure and sudden changes in the behavior of the Brillouin shifts, widths, and heights were observed in the vicinity of the critical region.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Akt Kinase Inhibitor Ipatasertib (2017)

A highly efficient asymmetric synthesis of the Akt kinase inhibitor ipatasertib (1) is reported. The bicyclic pyrimidine 2 starting material was prepared via a nitrilase biocatalytic resolution, halogen-metal exchange/anionic cyclization, and a highly diastereoselective biocatalytic ketone reduction as key steps. The route also features a halide activated, Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of a vinylogous carbamic acid to produce α-aryl-β-amino acid 3 in high yield and enantioselectivity. The API was assembled in a convergent manner through a late-stage amidation/deprotection/monohydrochloride salt formation sequence.
Rapid Determination of Quinolone Resistance in Acinetobacter spp (2009)

In the treatment of serious bacterial infections, the rapid institution of appropriate antimicrobial chemotherapy may be lifesaving. Choosing the correct antibiotic or combination of antibiotics is becoming very important, as multidrug resistance is found in many pathogens. Using a collection of 75 well-characterized multidrug-resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter sp. isolates, we show that PCR followed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) and base composition analysis of PCR amplification products can quickly and accurately identify quinolone resistance mediated by mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC, two essential housekeeping genes. Single point mutations detected by PCR/ESI-MS in parC (found in 55/75 of the isolates) and in gyrA (found in 66/75 of the isolates) correlated with susceptibility testing and sequencing. By targeting resistance determinants that are encoded by genes with highly conserved DNA sequences (e.g., gyrA and parC), we demonstrate that PCR/ESI-MS can provide critical information for resistance determinant identification and can inform therapeutic decision making in the treatment of Acinetobacter sp. infections.
Comparison of single bubble collapse and cluster collapse in a high pressure vessel. (2011)

Details of the collapse of single bubbles and bubble clusters leading to the emission of a shock wave under high overpressures will be presented. Ultrahigh speed photography captures the events at various stages of bubble (or cluster) growth and collapse. Shock waves are observed millimeters from the collapse center, suggesting very violent conditions at the source. For example, shock waves emitted by single-bubble sonoluminescence can reach 3 mm/μs about 5 μm from the bubble center. With a cluster, we observe shock waves at this speed over 500 μm from the center. The strength of the collapse is estimated by measuring the emitted shock wave velocity from images taken with the ultrahigh speed imaging system. Cluster collapses can be much stronger than from single bubbles. Cluster collapse appears to be initiated by the collapse of outer bubbles.