gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implicit partisanship: Taking sides for no reason. (2002)

After spending 45 s studying the names of 4 members of a hypothetical group, subjects showed both implicit liking and implicit identification with the group. These effects of studying names were much larger than the mere exposure (R. B. Zajonc, 1968) effects of either 6 (Experiment 2) or 10 (Experiment 3) extra exposures to each name. This implicit partisanship effect differs from the minimal group effect (H. Tajfel, 1970) because its procedure involves no membership in the target group. It also differs from the mere exposure effect because the target stimuli are presented once as members of a group rather than multiple times as unrelated individuals. A plausible (but not established) interpretation is that the attitude and identification effects are consequences of mere categorization.
Making a difference, an integrated PACS workflow for evaluating longitudinal changes across serial imaging (2021)

Improvements in resolution, pulse sequences, and access to scanners allow for increasingly subtle changes to be detected in magnetic resonance images, while increasing the volume of data to be interpreted by radiologists. The burden of reviewing this vast amount of information is further exacerbated by a lack of spatial alignment between images as well as the potential presence of multifocal pathologies. In this work, we describe an informatics approach for incorporating difference images into clinical workflows for highlighting 1) changes in anatomy over time, or 2) contrast enhanced regions following administration of gadolinium. These difference images enhance features of interest while suppressing stable features, providing efficient detection of changes over time, whether due to treatment, age, medical intervention, or progression of disease. Our pipeline is initiated by the physician sending images to a DICOM receiver, which then applies spatial transformation, bias-field correction, and intensity normalization before returning the newly generated difference images to the clinical PACS for review. This pipeline has been used to process 2683 neuroimaging data sets for evaluating disease progression and contrast enhancement in patients with brain lesions. We demonstrate that difference images quantitatively improve contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of new lesions while reducing clutter, which should translate to improved accuracy and efficiency in radiological interpretations.
Structure and Function of Polymerizable Protein/Lipid Bilayers (1990)

Abstract : The long-range goal of this research was to develop 'rugged' polymerized phospholipid bilayers suitable for biosensor applications. The specific objective was to examine how the addition of alpha non polymerizable phospholipid effects the polymerization of diacetylenic phospholipid. Surprising, the addition of certain non-polymerizable lipid can enhance the polymerization of a particular diacetylenic lipid. This effect will be described in a paper by Ahl, et al. in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta which is in press. Keywords: Membranes, Polymerizable lipids.
Fast digitization and discrimination of prompt neutron and photon signals using a novel silicon carbide detector (2007)

Current requirements of some Homeland Security active interrogation projects for the detection of Special Nuclear Material (SNM) necessitate the development of faster inspection and acquisition capabilities. In order to do so, fast detectors which can operate during and shortly after intense interrogation radiation flashes are being developed. Novel silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductor Schottky diodes have been utilized as robust neutron and photon detectors in both pulsed photon and pulsed neutron fields and are being integrated into active inspection environments to allow exploitation of both prompt and delayed emissions. These detectors have demonstrated the capability of detecting both photon and neutron events during intense photon flashes typical of an active inspection environment. Beyond the inherent insensitivity of SiC to gamma radiation, fast digitization and processing has demonstrated that pulse shape discrimination (PSD) in combination with amplitude discrimination can further suppress unwanted gamma signals and extract fast neutron signatures. Usable neutron signals have been extracted from mixed radiation fields where the background has exceeded the signals of interest by >1000:1.
Real-time flash memory storage with Janus-FTL (2012)

Janus-FTL, a recently proposed Flash Translation Layer (FTL) software layer for flash memory storage, has the potential to reduce the worst case write time of flash memory storage by keeping hot data in the page mapping area and cold data in the block mapping area. In this paper, we present the design of the real-time Janus-FTL that guarantees worst case garbage collection cost and write response time. In the proposed FTL, each task needs to decide whether to place its data either in the page mapping area or the block mapping area. A naive optimal placement algorithm, which minimizes the worst case write time, has O(2N) time complexity for N tasks. We propose an algorithm reducing the time complexity from O(2N) to O(N log N). Through experiments, we verify that the real-time Janus-FTL reduces the worst case write time and, as a result, accommodates more real-time tasks than the previous state-of-the-art realtime page mapping FTL.
Role of angiogenesis after muscle derived stem cell transplantation in injured medial collateral ligament (2011)

We performed this study to investigate the therapeutic role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in medial collateral ligament (MCL) healing. Murine muscle derived stem cells (MDSCs) obtained via the preplate technique were retrovirally transduced to express: (1) VEGF and nLacZ (MDSC-VEGF), (2) soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT1, a VEGF-specific antagonist) and nLacZ (MDSC-sFLT1), and (3) nLacZ (MDSC-nLacZ). After transecting the MCL of immunodeficient rats, 5 × 10(5) cells of each of the transduction groups list above were transplanted into the MCL injury site. A control group was injected with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) only. Immunohistochemical staining demonstrated that there were more Isolectin B4 and β-galactosidase double positive cells in the rats transplanted with MDSC-VEGF transduced cells than the other groups at week 1. Capillary density was significantly higher in the MDSC-VEGF group than the other groups at week 2; however, there were no significant differences in the biomechanical assessment between the MDSC-VEGF and MDSC-nLacZ groups. On the other hand, the MDSC-sFLT1 group revealed a lower capillary density than the other two groups and the functional ligament healing of the MDSC-sFLT1 group was significantly decreased compared to the other groups when assessed biomechanically. The findings of the present study suggest that angiogenesis plays a critical role in the healing process of injured MCL.
Characterization of DP103, a Novel DEAD Box Protein That Binds to the Epstein-Barr Virus Nuclear Proteins EBNA2 and EBNA3C (1999)

The Epstein-Barr virus-encoded nuclear antigens EBNA2 and EBNA3C both interact with the cellular transcription factor RBP-Jkappa and modulate the expression of several shared target genes, suggesting a tight cooperation in latently infected cells. In a survey for additional cellular factors that bind to EBNA2 as well as EBNA3C, we have isolated and characterized DP103, a novel human member of the DEAD box family of putative ATP-dependent RNA helicases. The interaction with DP103 is mediated by amino acids (aa) 121-213 of EBNA2 and aa 534-778 of EBNA3C, regions that are not involved in binding of the viral proteins to RBP-Jkappa. The DP103-cDNA encodes a protein of 824 aa that harbors all of the common DEAD box motifs. Monoclonal antibodies raised against DP103 detect a protein of 103 kDa in mammalian cells that resides in high molecular weight complexes in vivo. We have detected an ATPase activity intrinsic to or closely associated with DP103. By subcellular fractionation, we find DP103 in both a soluble nuclear fraction as well as in the insoluble skeletal fraction. Whereas the protein and its mRNA are uniformly expressed in all tested cell lines, we observed differential expression of the mRNA in normal human tissues.
Integrative study of pandemic A/H1N1 influenza infections: design and methods of the CoPanFlu-France cohort (2012)

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The risk of influenza infection depends on biological characteristics, individual or collective behaviors and the environmental context. The Cohorts for Pandemic Influenza (CoPanFlu) France study was set up in 2009 after the identification of the novel swine-origin A/H1N1 pandemic influenza virus. This cohort of 601 households (1450 subjects) representative for the general population aims at using an integrative approach to study the risk and characteristics of influenza infection as a complex combination of data collected from questionnaires regarding sociodemographic, medical, behavioral characteristics of subjects and indoor environment, biological samples or environmental databases. METHODS: Households were included between December 2009 and July 2010. The design of this study relies on systematic follow-up visits between influenza seasons and additional visits during influenza seasons, when an influenza-like illness is detected in a household via an active surveillance system. During systematic visits, a nurse collects individual and environmental data on questionnaires and obtains blood samples from all members of the household. When an influenza-like-illness is detected, a nurse visits the household three times during the 12 following days, and collects data on questionnaires regarding exposure and symptoms, and biological samples (including nasal swabs) from all subjects in the household. The end of the follow-up period is expected in fall 2012. DISCUSSION: The large amount of data collected throughout the follow-up will permit a multidisciplinary study of influenza infections. Additional data is being collected and analyzed in this ongoing cohort. The longitudinal analysis of these households will permit integrative analyses of complex phenomena such as individual, collective and environmental risk factors of infection, routes of transmission, or determinants of the immune response to infection or vaccination.
High‐density photoautotrophic algal cultures: Design, construction, and operation of a novel photobioreactor system (1991)

A photobioreactor system has been designed, constructed and implemented to achieve high photosynthetic rates in high-density photoautotrophic algal cell suspensions. This unit is designed for efficient oxygen and biomass production rates, and it also can be used for the production of secreted products. A fiber-optic based optical transmission system that is coupled to an internal light distribution system illuminates the culture volume uniformly, at light intensities of 1.7 mW/cm(2) over a specific surface area of 3.2 cm(2)/cm(3). Uniform light distribution is achieved throughout the reactor without interfering with the flow pattern required to keep the cells in suspension. An on-line ultrafiltration unit exchanges spent with fresh medium, and its use results in very high cell densities, up to 10(9) cells/mL [3% (w/v)] for eukaryotic green alga chlorella vulgaris. DNA histograms obtained form flow cytometric analysis reveal that on-line ultrafiltration influences the growth pattern. Prior to ultrafiltration the cells seem to have at a particular point in the cell cycle where they contain multiple chromosomal equivalents. Following ultrafiltration, these cells divide, and the new cells are committed to division so that cell growth resumes. The Prototype photobioreactor system was operated both in batch and in continuous mode for over 2 months. The measured oxygen production rate of 4-6 mmol/L culture h under continuous operation is consistent with the predicted performance of the unit for the provided light intensity.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Targeting Nodal in Conjunction with Dacarbazine Induces Synergistic Anticancer Effects in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure legends for supplementary figures 1-5&lt;/p&gt;
Cervial intraepithelial neoplasia III shows frequent allelic loss in 3p and 6p (1998)

We have shown previously that a significant number of invasive cervical cancers (ICC) have nonrandom chromosomal losses in 3p, 6p, 11q, 2q, 6q, and 19q, thereby suggesting that genes involved in the suppression of tumor development or progression are located in these regions. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) III is considered the precursor lesion for ICC of squamous type and occurs frequently with ICC of glandular type. In an effort to define which chromosomal losses are present in the precursor lesions, we identified CIN III lesions from 24 ICC treated by radical hysterectomy. Thirty-three CIN III associated with 22 squamous carcinomas and 2 adenocarcinomas were carefully microdissected from the paraffin-embedded sections. The whole genomic DNA from CIN III was amplified with short random primers. DNA from ICC, CIN III, and normal tissue was analyzed at the six chromosomal regions with polymorphic markers. Thirty-eight percent of hysterectomy specimens had loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in at least one of the CIN III lesions from each case. Loss occurred in 30% of cases in 3p14.1-12 (37% for associated ICC), 21% in 6p23 (33%), 14% in 2q33-37 (27%), 0 in 11q23.3 (33%), 4% in 19q13.4 (13%), and 0 in 6q21-23.3 (18%). These results suggest that mutations in 3p and 6p are important early in tumorigenesis, whereas 11q and 6q contain genes important later in tumor progression. Invasive and preinvasive cervical lesions appear to develop from multifocal genetic events since consistent losses do not occur within all precursor lesions in the same patient.
Interlayer Micromechanics of Semilunar Heart Valve Leaflets (2013)

The aortic and pulmonary semilunar heart valve leaflets (AV and PV respectively) are heterogeneous structures comprised of three distinct tissue layers. All three layers contain varying amounts of collagen, elastin and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The fibrosa layer is an undulated structure that faces the aorta comprised primarily of Type 1 collagen highly aligned in the circumferential direction. On the opposite face of the valve is the ventricularis layer that is populated with an organized elastin network. The spongiosa layer resides between the fibrosa and ventricularis and is rich in GAGs. All three layers work in unison at the tissue level to produce effective leaflet mechanical behavior. While the mechanical behavior of the fibrosa and ventricularis layers have been well studied [1], little information exists on the effective mechanical behavior of the GAG rich spongiosa layer.
SALSA PICANTE: a machine learning attack on LWE with binary secrets (2023)

Learning with Errors (LWE) is a hard math problem underpinning many proposed post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) systems. The only PQC Key Exchange Mechanism (KEM) standardized by NIST is based on module~LWE, and current publicly available PQ Homomorphic Encryption (HE) libraries are based on ring LWE. The security of LWE-based PQ cryptosystems is critical, but certain implementation choices could weaken them. One such choice is sparse binary secrets, desirable for PQ HE schemes for efficiency reasons. Prior work, SALSA, demonstrated a machine learning-based attack on LWE with sparse binary secrets in small dimensions ($n \le 128$) and low Hamming weights ($h \le 4$). However, this attack assumes access to millions of eavesdropped LWE samples and fails at higher Hamming weights or dimensions. We present PICANTE, an enhanced machine learning attack on LWE with sparse binary secrets, which recovers secrets in much larger dimensions (up to $n=350$) and with larger Hamming weights (roughly $n/10$, and up to $h=60$ for $n=350$). We achieve this dramatic improvement via a novel preprocessing step, which allows us to generate training data from a linear number of eavesdropped LWE samples ($4n$) and changes the distribution of the data to improve transformer training. We also improve the secret recovery methods of SALSA and introduce a novel cross-attention recovery mechanism allowing us to read off the secret directly from the trained models. While PICANTE does not threaten NIST's proposed LWE standards, it demonstrates significant improvement over SALSA and could scale further, highlighting the need for future investigation into machine learning attacks on LWE with sparse binary secrets.
Page Rank Performance Evaluation of Cluster Computing Frameworks on Cray Urika-GX Supercomputer (2016)

Modern “big data” and analytics software platforms offer a variety of algorithms to the analytics practitioner. It is often possible to choose from several available implementations to solve a given set of problems, even on the same set of hardware, within the same software ecosystem, or leveraging completely different software environments. Choices of techniques should be informed by the relative performance and scalability of the implementations, whether or not they run on the same hardware platform. This paper presents a relative performance comparison of three implementations of the popular PageRank graph analytic algorithm running on the Cray Urika-GX high performance analytics appliance. Relative performance and scaling presented here, along with additional information about the problem set and resources available to the analyst, could be used to make an informed decision about which PageRank implementation to choose.
Kinetics of Membrane Raft Formation:  Fatty Acid Domains in Stratum Corneum Lipid Models (2006)

The major barrier to permeability in skin resides in the outermost layer of the epidermis, the stratum corneum (SC). The major SC lipid components are ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. Ternary mixtures containing these constituents are widely used for physicochemical characterization of the barrier. Prior X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy studies have revealed the existence of ordered lipid chains packed in orthorhombic subcells. To monitor the kinetics of formation of regions rich in fatty acids, the current study utilizes a modification of the method (J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 10008) developed to monitor component demixing in n-alkane mixtures. The approach is based on changes in the scissoring or rocking mode contours in the IR spectra of (orthorhombically packed) ordered chains. In the current study, equimolar mixtures of ceramides (either non-hydroxy fatty acid sphingosine ceramide or alpha-hydroxy fatty acid sphingosine ceramide) with chain perdeuterated fatty acids (either palmitic or stearic acid) and cholesterol reveal a time evolution of the scissoring contour of the deuterated fatty acid chains following quenching from relatively high temperatures where random mixing occurs. Segregation of domains enriched in the fatty acid component is observed. The kinetics of segregation are sensitive to the quenching temperature and to the chemical composition of the mixture. The kinetic regimes are conveniently catalogued with a power law of the form P=Ktalpha where P is a (measured) property related to domain composition. The time scales for demixing in these experiments are similar to times observed in several studies that have tracked the restoration of the in vivo permeability barrier following nonthermal challenges to SC integrity. Further evidence for the physiological importance of the current measurements is the detection of these phases in native SC. The current work constitutes the first direct, structure-based determination of the kinetics of barrier formation in relevant skin lipid barrier models.
The cost of service quality in IT Outsourcing (2011)

In recent years, the IT services industry is under continuous pressure to improve the quality of its services, while doing so at reduced prices. In order to determine quality, the IT industry seems to be converging towards a set of commonly used metrics, including but not limited to, equipment availability, the time to resolve incidents, etc. In order to improve the quality of their services, service providers need to adopt a consistent and continuous focus on their internal processes, the skills of their people, the organizational structure and so on. On the other hand, the IT service industry has been traditionally labor intensive. Even though a wide range of management tools is available to support even the most complex management tasks, the overall service management process still relies on the existence of humans to make important decisions, perform complex administration tasks and monitor the performance and effectiveness of the overall process. This paper studies the tradeoff between the cost of a service (as manifested by the staffing level) and the corresponding quality metrics (subject to the service level agreement). In particular, we study the cost of service quality through the use of an optimization model that takes into account the constraints and cost factors typically encountered in a service provider environment.
184 Clinical Outcomes of the Prone Transpsoas Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar Spine Disease: A Multicentre Study (2023)

INTRODUCTION: The prone transpsoas lateral lumbar interbody fusion (PTP) is a novel technique for degenerative lumbar spine disease. However, there is a paucity of the literature on the clinical outcomes of this procedure, with all the published being of a small sample size. METHODS: A retrospective electronic medical records review was conducted in ten centers for patients who underwent PTP. We collected the intraoperative data (operative time, estimated blood loss [EBL], intraoperative complications [anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) rupture, cage subsidence, vascular and visceral injuries), postoperative complications, the patient-reported outcome measures (PROMS) such as back pain visual analogue scale (VAS), and hospital stay. RESULTS: A total of 350 patients were included in the study. There was a significant improvement in the mean VAS by 4.4 ± 6.7 (p &lt; 0.001). 2.8% had ALL rupture, 1.2% had cage subsidence, 0.4% had a vascular injury, and none had visceral injuries. The mean operative time was 229.9 ± 144 minutes, the mean EBL was 134.3±210.2 mL, and the mean hospital stay was 2.6 ± 2.2. In regard to postoperative complications, there was 8.9% new sensory symptoms, 6% transient hip flexor weakness, 1.4% wound infection, 1.4% cage subsidence, 0.6% psoas hematoma, 0.3% ureteric injury, 0.3% small bowel obstruction/ischemia, and 1.6% 90-days readmission. CONCLUSIONS: Multicenter consecutive case series show that PTP is well tolerated and has satisfactory clinical outcomes.
Reconstruction of Nanoscale Near Fields by Attosecond Streaking (2016)

Recent advances in attosecond science in combination with the well-established techniques of nanofabrication have led to the new research field of attosecond nanophysics. One central goal is the characterization and manipulation of electromagnetic fields on the attosecond and nanometer scale. This has so far remained challenging both theoretically and experimentally. One major obstacle is the inhomogeneity of the electric fields. We present a general model below, which allows the description of attosecond streaking in near fields. It allows the classification into different regimes as well as the reconstruction of the electric fields at the surface. In addition, we discuss the case of parallel polarization of the streaking fields to the surface, which has so far not been considered for attosecond streaking from metallic surfaces. Finally, we review recent measurements of the electric field and response function of a gold nanotaper. Our results are highly relevant for future attosecond streaking experiments in inhomogeneous fields.