gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Reductive Coupling of Nitro Compounds with Aldehydes to Nitrones in H2 Using Carbon‐Supported and ‐Decorated Platinum Nanoparticles (2014)

Abstract Nitrones were synthesized in high yields directly from nitro compounds, aldehydes, and H 2 using carbon‐decorated platinum nanoparticles. The high selectivity for nitrone synthesis contrasts that of common supported metal catalysts and corresponds to an increase from roughly 6 to 97 %. The catalytic performance is tuned by precise control of the structure of the active sites and the characteristics of the support.
Influence of cisplatin intrastrand crosslinking on the conformation, thermal stability, and energetics of a 20-mer DNA duplex. (1996)

cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (cisplatin) is a widely used anticancer drug that binds to and crosslinks DNA. The major DNA adduct of the drug results from coordination of two adjacent guanine bases to platinum to form the intrastrand crosslink cis-[Pt(NH3)2[d(GpG)-N7(1), -N7(2)]] (cis-Pt-GG). In the present study, spectroscopic and calorimetric techniques were employed to characterize the influence of this crosslink on the conformation, thermal stability, and energetics of a site-specifically platinated 20-mer DNA duplex. CD spectroscopic and thermal denaturation data revealed that the crosslink alters the structure of the host duplex, consistent with a shift from a B-like to an A-like conformation; lowers its thermal stability by approximately 9 degrees C; and reduces its thermodynamic stability by 6.3 kcal/mol at 25 degrees C, most of which is enthalpic in origin; but it does not alter the two-state melting behavior exhibited by the parent, unmodified duplex, despite the significant crosslink-induced changes noted above. The energetic consequences of the cis-Pt-GG crosslink are discussed in relation to the structural perturbations it induces in DNA and to how these crosslink-induced perturbations might modulate protein binding.
The Performance of Drag Reducing Agent in Three Phase Slug Flow and Annular Flow (2000)

Experiments have been carried out in a 36-m long, 10-cm diameter multiphase horizontal flow system to examine the effect of drag reducing agents (DRA) on average pressure drop, maximum pressure drop and slug characteristics with the presence of water. Superficial liquid velocities between 0.5 and 1.5 m/s and superficial gas velocities between 2 and 14 m/s were investigated. Oil with a viscosity of 2.5 cP at 25 °C was used for the study. ASTM salt was used as a substitute for seawater and carbon dioxide was used as the gas. Water cut was 50%. Temperature and pressure were maintained at 25 °C and 0.13 MPa. The DRA concentrations of 0, 20 and 50 ppm were used in this study. The results show that the average pressure drop in both slug flow and annular flow decreased significantly with addition of DRA. Under special conditions, it was found that DRA changed the flow pattern from pseudo-slug to annular resulting in a 74% reduction in pressure drop. For annular flow, the average pressure drop reduction of up to 53% was achieved. The maximum pressure drop across the slug also decreased with the presence of DRA. The average and maximum pressure drops at a DRA concentration of 50 ppm were more effective than 20 ppm for all cases. The slug frequency and effective height of the liquid film decreased significantly when DRA concentrations were added. This led to a decrease in the average pressure drop. However, the slug translational velocity did not change significantly with addition of DRA.
Humanized Mice with Subcutaneous Human Solid Tumors for Immune Response Analysis of Vaccinia Virus-Mediated Oncolysis (2017)

Oncolytic vaccinia virus (VACV) therapy is an alternative cancer treatment modality that mediates targeted tumor destruction through a tumor-selective replication and an induction of anti-tumor immunity. We developed a humanized tumor mouse model with subcutaneous human tumors to analyze the interactions of VACV with the developing tumors and human immune system. A successful systemic reconstitution with human immune cells including functional T cells as well as development of tumors infiltrated with human T and natural killer (NK) cells was observed. We also demonstrated successful in vivo colonization of such tumors with systemically administered VACVs. Further, a new recombinant GLV-1h376 VACV encoding for a secreted human CTLA4-blocking single-chain antibody (CTLA4 scAb) was tested. Surprisingly, although proving CTLA4 scAb's in vitro binding ability and functionality in cell culture, beside the significant increase of CD56<sup>bright</sup> NK cell subset, GLV-1h376 was not able to increase cytotoxic T or overall NK cell levels at the tumor site. Importantly, the virus-encoded β-glucuronidase as a measure of viral titer and CTLA4 scAb amount was demonstrated. Therefore, studies in our "patient-like" humanized tumor mouse model allow the exploration of newly designed therapy strategies considering the complex relationships between the developing tumor, the oncolytic virus, and the human immune system.
MOLECULAR MODELING: A COMPLEMENT TO EXPERIMENT IN MATERIAL RESEARCH FOR NON CRYOGENIC GAS SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES (2006)

Chemical and related process oriented companies are increasingly realizing that the sustainable development of their industries will critically depend upon the development of new innovative processes that use materials and energy more efficiently. As overall separation processes account for 40-60% of both capital and operating costs in chemical industry, their amelioration can significantly reduce costs, energy use, waste generation and increase profits. Over the last decades gas separation by adsorption and permeation technologies have become major unit operations in chemical and petrochemical industries due to their efficiency relative to more mature technologies like cryogenic separation or separation by absorption. Industrial customers are expecting more features and flexibility from vendors, as a result industrial plants are becoming more and more complex both physically and in design. In the past, industrial systems could be designed by trial-and-error and the use of empirical knowledge. Nowadays modelling and simulation are playing a prominent and expanding role in the design process as the understanding of models and phenomena improves along with computational efficiency. The two interrelated directions of research in gas separation by adsorption or permeation technologies are materials research and process design and optimisation [1-4].
Membrane characterization and membrane material optimization (1999)

Advances in membrane materials, particularly polymer formulations and ceramics, are largely responsible for the improved market position of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment over the last ten years. With new materials, the volume of water produced per unit of membrane area, time and pressure (i.e., the specific flux) has been greatly increased. However, still better materials are needed before membrane processes become accepted as conventional treatment. Materials must better resist fouling and/or allow for simpler cleaning. One of the stumbling blocks to development of new materials is the lack of integration between the research of polymer chemists and environmental/chemical engineers. This paper presents an overview of the link that the authors have forged between material science and engineering through a cooperative research program. Their goal is to provide a systematic approach to the study of new materials that will lead to optimization of membrane performance. They are relating polymer structure to properties that control permeation of water, rejection of contaminants, and resistance to fouling.
A 0.25-to-2.25 GHz, 27 dBm IIP3, 16-Path Tunable Bandpass Filter (2014)

A fully-differential, 16-path bandpass filter (BPF) is demonstrated with wide tuning range, high linearity for and wideband harmonic rejection. The reconfigurable filter and clock generation circuitry is fabricated in IBM 45 nm CMOS SOI. To cover a tuning range of one decade (250 MHz to 2250 MHz), a 16-path scheme eliminates harmonic aliasing component to 15th harmonic of the local oscillator. The BPF has a 3 dB bandwidth greater than 20 MHz and 0.9 dB insertion loss. The BPF also achieves high linearity with an out-of-band IIP 3 > 27 dBm and P1dB > 3 dBm. The BPF tolerates blockers to 9 dBm 1 dB desensitization point (B1dB).
Inherited GINS1 deficiency underlies growth retardation along with neutropenia and NK cell deficiency (2017)

Inborn errors of DNA repair or replication underlie a variety of clinical phenotypes. We studied 5 patients from 4 kindreds, all of whom displayed intrauterine growth retardation, chronic neutropenia, and NK cell deficiency. Four of the 5 patients also had postnatal growth retardation. The association of neutropenia and NK cell deficiency, which is unusual among primary immunodeficiencies and bone marrow failures, was due to a blockade in the bone marrow and was mildly symptomatic. We discovered compound heterozygous rare mutations in Go-Ichi-Ni-San (GINS) complex subunit 1 (GINS1, also known as PSF1) in the 5 patients. The GINS complex is essential for eukaryotic DNA replication, and homozygous null mutations of GINS component-encoding genes are embryonic lethal in mice. The patients' fibroblasts displayed impaired GINS complex assembly, basal replication stress, impaired checkpoint signaling, defective cell cycle control, and genomic instability, which was rescued by WT GINS1. The residual levels of GINS1 activity reached 3% to 16% in patients' cells, depending on their GINS1 genotype, and correlated with the severity of growth retardation and the in vitro cellular phenotype. The levels of GINS1 activity did not influence the immunological phenotype, which was uniform. Autosomal recessive, partial GINS1 deficiency impairs DNA replication and underlies intra-uterine (and postnatal) growth retardation, chronic neutropenia, and NK cell deficiency.
The effect of adding SiO2on the pore structure and the color fastness to washing of PVA sponge (2015)

The present study investigates the role of pore-forming SiO2 particles on the pore structure, and color fastness following washing of a porous PVA sponge. We found that the SiO2 micron particle consideration plays a decisive role on the pore-structural type and the color fastness. Moreover, the particles also influence the mechanical modulus and the water adsorption capacity.
Characterisation and Subunit Structures of the Vicilin Storage Proteins of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) (1981)

Investigations of the vicilin fraction of the storage proteins of pea (Pisum sativum L.) have shown that its major components are a number of protein species of Mr 170 000. Convicilin (Mr 280 000, composed of 71 000-Mr subunits) is a separable component of this fraction. The vicilin proteins are composed principally of approximately equal to 50 000-Mr polypeptides, but also contain a number of smaller polypeptides. The sub-unit polypeptide composition of vicilin changes during seed development quantitatively and qualitatively. Vicilin sub-units have been shown to be synthesised as polypeptides of Mr approximately equal to 50 000 by means of pulse-labelling experiments in vivo, and synthesis of vicilin in vitro directed by mRNA, polysomes and microsomes extracted from pea cotyledons in cell-free translation systems. Polypeptides then undergo two distinct types of proteolytic modification: (a) co-translational removal of a small polypeptide (Mr less than 1000); (b) 'nicking' of polypeptide chains in assembled vicilin molecules, which occurs more than 4 h after their initial synthesis. The basic structure of the vicilin molecule is thus a multimer, possibly a trimer, of approximately equal to 50 000-Mr subunits. The heterogeneity of the initially synthesised 50 000-Mr subunits accounts not only for the several different 50 000-Mr polypeptides found in vicilin, but also for the range of minor polypeptides, since the 'nicking' points will differ among subunits. It also accounts for the observed partial separation of vicilin into different molecular species, since different subunit combinations will give rise to molecules with different properties. Vicilin is also glycosylated and this is a source of further variation.
Methodology for network capacity assessment of 5G NSA EN-DC network (2021)

As mobile network operators are aiming to provide high-grade user experience and to achieve low operating costs, it is important to assess the radio network capacity to balance it with traffic demand. For evaluation of national-scale capacity, it is necessary to consider the regional statistical distribution of spectrum usage on a national scale since there is an overestimation problem when estimating network capacity simply by multiplying spectrum bandwidth, spectral efficiency, and number of cells. Meanwhile, 5G non-standalone network which was launched recently supports tight 4G-5G interworking which allows some portion of the 5G user traffic to be transmitted through 4G radio networks. In such a 5G dual-connected environment, both 4G and 5G network capacities should be considered together when evaluating the total capacity of 5G dual connectivity network. This Letter proposes a methodology for evaluating the spectrum index driven network capacity based on statistical distribution of spectrum usage for 5G dual connectivity network. According to the analysis of this paper, the 4G capacity margin is estimated at 12.6 % in 2020 and is expected to increase to 63.0% in 2026. Due to this 4G margin, 5G dual-connected network is predicted to be saturated in early 2026 if there is no additional spectral supply, while 5G network's saturation is expected in early 2024
Temperature-dependent magnetization reversal in (Co/Pt)/Ru multilayers - eScholarship (2008)

Antiferromagnetically coupled (Co/Pt)/Ru multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy have been shown to exhibit both vertically and laterally correlated magnetization reversal modes. In this work, the magnetization reversal of a multilayer film whose layer thicknesses have been tuned to be at the phase boundary between the two reversal modes has been investigated as a function of temperature, using the first-order reversal curve (FORC) method. At high temperatures, reversal via vertically correlated stripe domains throughout the film thickness is observed, similar to that in Co/Pt films without the Ru spacers. At low temperatures, antiferromagnetic (AF) interlayer exchange coupling dominates, and laterally correlated reversal is observed with an AF coupled remanent state. Under magnetic field cycling, dipolar fields can transform the sample back into a vertically correlated domain state, thus leading to an exotic behavior with FORC's existing outside the major hysteresis loop. Calculations show that the laterally correlated reversal mode is indeed slightly more stable, and the crossover to vertically correlated reversal can be induced by temperature as well as magnetic field.
Modularization of gradient-index optical design using wavefront matching enabled optimization (2016)

This paper proposes a new design paradigm which allows for a modular approach to replacing a homogeneous optical lens system with a higher-performance GRadient-INdex (GRIN) lens system using a WaveFront Matching (WFM) method. In multi-lens GRIN systems, a full-system-optimization approach can be challenging due to the large number of design variables. The proposed WFM design paradigm enables optimization of each component independently by explicitly matching the WaveFront Error (WFE) of the original homogeneous component at the exit pupil, resulting in an efficient design procedure for complex multi-lens systems.
A Massively Parallel FPGA-Based Coprocessor for Support Vector Machines (2009)

We present a massively parallel FPGA-based coprocessor for Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a machine learning algorithm whose applications include recognition tasks such as learning scenes, situations and concepts, and reasoning tasks such as analyzing the recognized scenes and semantics. The coprocessor architecture, targeted at both SVM training and classification, is based on clusters of vector processing elements (VPEs) operating in single-instruction multiple data (SIMD) mode to take advantage of large amounts of data parallelism in the application. We use the FPGA's DSP elements as parallel multiply-accumulators (MACs), a core computation in SVMs. A key feature of the architecture is that it is customized to low precision arithmetic which permits one DSP unit to perform two or more MACs in parallel. Low precision also reduces the required number of parallel off-chip memory accesses by packing multiple data words on the FPGA-memory bus. We have built a prototype using an off-the-shelf PCI-based FPGA card with a Xilinx Virtex 5 FPGA and 1 GB DDR2 memory. For SVM training, we observe application-level end-to-end computation speeds of over 9 billion multiply-accumulates per second (GMACs). For SVM classification, using data packing, the application speed increases to 14 GMACs. The FPGA-based system is about 20times faster than a dual Opteron 2.2 GHz processor CPU, and dissipates around 10 W of power.
Assessing and Exploiting Domain Name Misinformation (2023)

Cloud providers' support for network evasion techniques that misrepresent the server's domain name is more prevalent than previously believed, which has serious implications for security and privacy due to the reliance on domain names in common security architectures. Domain fronting is one such evasive technique used by privacy enhancing technologies and malware to hide the domains they visit, and it uses shared hosting and HTTPS to present a benign domain to observers while signaling the target domain in the encrypted HTTP request. In this paper, we construct an ontology of domain name misinformation and detail a novel measurement methodology to identify support among cloud infrastructure providers. Despite several of the largest cloud providers having publicly stated that they no longer support domain fronting, our findings demonstrate a more complex environment with many exceptions. We also present a novel and straightforward attack that allows an adversary to man-in-the-middle all the victim's encrypted traffic bound to a content delivery network that supports domain fronting, breaking the authenticity, confidentiality, and integrity guarantees expected by the victim when using HTTPS. By using dynamic linker hijacking to rewrite the HTTP Host field, our attack does not generate any artifacts that are visible to the victim or passive network monitoring solutions, and the attacker does not need a separate channel to exfiltrate data or perform command-and-control, which can be achieved by rewriting HTTP headers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of N‐(Dimethylaminomethyl) Derivatives of Hexamethylmelamine (Altretamine). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CSF proteins and resting-state functional connectivity in Parkinson disease (2015)

These results suggest that abnormal α-synuclein accumulation, but not Aβ, contributes to the disruption of motor-related functional connectivity in PD. Furthermore, correlating CSF protein measures with the strength of resting-state networks provides a direct link between abnormal α-synuclein metabolism and disrupted brain function in PD.
"Neural Engineering" (2006)

Our lab investigates how the brain turns thought into voluntary behaviors. At the core of this problem is understanding higher level neural coding- how populations of neurons represent complex information. To study neural coding we are developing novel multielectrode recording arrays suitable for chronic implantation in the cerebral cortex. We are using these multielectrode arrays to examine the coding of goal directed reaching by ensembles of cerebral cortical neurons and to examine how ensembles change when a new motor skill is learned. Our laboratory works closely with several other Brown Brain Science faculty members to develop and test theories of higher order representation and to generate new mathematical tools to examine neural codes. We are also applying our knowledge of neural codes for movement to build brain computer interfaces. These devices can potentially be used a neural prosthetic to restore movement to paralyzed humans.
Retroviruses and Cancer (1978)

All RNA viruses that cause cancer under natural conditions fall into the "retro" category, meaning that the first step in their replication is the "reverse transcription" of RNA into DNA. This peculiarity of their biologic behavior has helped explain other intriguing features of these viruses and opened new directions for future research into the role of viruses in altering the infected cell's genetic material and in oncogenesis.
Sintering of β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Powder Made by the Imide-Decomposition Method (1995)

Beta-Si3N4 powder made by the imide-decomposition method was gas-pressure sintered at 1800°C for 4h in 1MPa N2 gas. This material had a microstructure of “in-situ composite” and excellent mechanical properties (strength: 780MPa, fracture toughness: 7.5MPa·m1/2), whereas β-Si3N4 powder made by the silicon nitridation method required sintering temperatures higher than 1900°C to attain similar microstructure and mechanical properties. β-Si3N4 powder by the imide-decomposition method had excellent properties for grain growth at low temperatures.
Laboratory Trials of Methoprene-impregnated Waxes for Disinfesting Papayas and Peaches of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) (1985)

This paper reports laboratory trials that indicate that the insect juvenile hormone analogue, methoprene, when incorporated into solvent-based fruit wax, can completely interrupt the life cycle of the Mediterranean fruit fly, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann). Over a range of infestation levels, methoprene prevents adult eclosion from pupae formed by flies that develop in treated papaya and peaches.
Sperm priming reveals specific autoreactive lymphocyte clones (1982)

Human spermatozoa from 18 donors were used to prime lymphocytes from 15 donors in a total of 60 different combinations. The sperm primed lymphocytes were tested in second culture against a total of 60 autologous and 180 allogeneic x-ray irradiated cells. We found that lymphocytes primed for 10-12 days in first culture with allogeneic spermatozoa showed highly significant responses in second culture to leukocytes autologous to the responder. The degree of autologous reactivity between specific subjects ranged from weak to significantly higher than the usual preferential primed lymphocyte typing reaction seen in a secondary mixed leukocyte culture reaction. These findings indicate that healthy human volunteers possess a set of self-reactive lymphocytes that can be detected by priming with allogeneic sperm in specific combinations.
Iterative co-channel interference cancellation in narrowband mobile radio systems (2002)

In this paper, co-channel interference cancellation using iterative subtraction is proposed for narrow-band QPSK systems. Signal separability is obtained using both the relative timing delay between signals and the decoded bits output from the channel decoder. Cancellation after decoding results in more reliable signal subtraction, at the expense of interleaving delay. Simulation results show that a small number of iterations is required when ideal channel knowledge is assumed. Soft subtraction, where the estimated values are weighted with some reliability measure, leads to significant C/I gains for both coded and uncoded bits.