gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MO‐E‐BRD‐02: Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in Brachytherapy: Is Shorter Better? (2015)

Is Non‐invasive Image‐Guided Breast Brachytherapy Good? – Jess Hiatt, MS Non‐invasive Image‐Guided Breast Brachytherapy (NIBB) is an emerging therapy for breast boost treatments as well as Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) using HDR surface breast brachytherapy. NIBB allows for smaller treatment volumes while maintaining optimal target coverage. Considering the real‐time image‐guidance and immobilization provided by the NIBB modality, minimal margins around the target tissue are necessary. Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation in brachytherapy: is shorter better? ‐ Dorin Todor, PhD VCU A review of balloon and strut devices will be provided together with the origins of APBI: the interstitial multi‐catheter implant. A dosimetric and radiobiological perspective will help point out the evolution in breast brachytherapy, both in terms of devices and the protocols/clinical trials under which these devices are used. Improvements in imaging, delivery modalities and convenience are among the factors driving the ultrashort fractionation schedules but our understanding of both local control and toxicities associated with various treatments is lagging. A comparison between various schedules, from a radiobiological perspective, will be given together with a critical analysis of the issues. to review and understand the evolution and development of APBI using brachytherapy methods to understand the basis and limitations of radio‐biological ‘equivalence’ between fractionation schedules to review commonly used and proposed fractionation schedules Intra‐operative breast brachytherapy: Is one stop shopping best?‐ Bruce Libby, PhD. University of Virginia A review of intraoperative breast brachytherapy will be presented, including the Targit‐A and other trials that have used electronic brachytherapy. More modern approaches, in which the lumpectomy procedure is integrated into an APBI workflow, will also be discussed. Learning Objectives: To review past and current clinical trials for IORT To discuss lumpectomy‐scan‐plan‐treat workflow for IORT
A Practical One-Shot Multispectral Imaging System Using a Single Image Sensor (2015)

Single-sensor imaging using the Bayer color filter array (CFA) and demosaicking is well established for current compact and low-cost color digital cameras. An extension from the CFA to a multispectral filter array (MSFA) enables us to acquire a multispectral image in one shot without increased size or cost. However, multispectral demosaicking for the MSFA has been a challenging problem because of very sparse sampling of each spectral band in the MSFA. In this paper, we propose a high-performance multispectral demosaicking algorithm, and at the same time, a novel MSFA pattern that is suitable for our proposed algorithm. Our key idea is the use of the guided filter to interpolate each spectral band. To generate an effective guide image, in our proposed MSFA pattern, we maintain the sampling density of the G -band as high as the Bayer CFA, and we array each spectral band so that an adaptive kernel can be estimated directly from raw MSFA data. Given these two advantages, we effectively generate the guide image from the most densely sampled G -band using the adaptive kernel. In the experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed algorithm with our proposed MSFA pattern outperforms existing algorithms and provides better color fidelity compared with a conventional color imaging system with the Bayer CFA. We also show some real applications using a multispectral camera prototype we built.
Measurements of sensor radiation damage in the ATLAS inner detector using leakage currents (2021)

Abstract Non-ionizing energy loss causes bulk damage to the silicon sensors of the ATLAS pixel and strip detectors. This damage has important implications for data-taking operations, charged-particle track reconstruction, detector simulations, and physics analysis. This paper presents simulations and measurements of the leakage current in the ATLAS pixel detector and semiconductor tracker as a function of location in the detector and time, using data collected in Run 1 (2010–2012) and Run 2 (2015–2018) of the Large Hadron Collider. The extracted fluence shows a much stronger | z |-dependence in the innermost layers than is seen in simulation. Furthermore, the overall fluence on the second innermost layer is significantly higher than in simulation, with better agreement in layers at higher radii. These measurements are important for validating the simulation models and can be used in part to justify safety factors for future detector designs and interventions.
Time-dynamic pulse modulation of spinal cord stimulation reduces mechanical hypersensitivity and spontaneous pain in rats (2020)

Enhancing the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is needed to alleviate the burden of chronic pain and dependence on opioids. Present SCS therapies are characterized by the delivery of constant stimulation in the form of trains of tonic pulses (TPs). We tested the hypothesis that modulated SCS using novel time-dynamic pulses (TDPs) leads to improved analgesia and compared the effects of SCS using conventional TPs and a collection of TDPs in a rat model of neuropathic pain according to a longitudinal, double-blind, and crossover design. We tested the effects of the following SCS patterns on paw withdrawal threshold and resting state EEG theta power as a biomarker of spontaneous pain: Tonic (conventional), amplitude modulation, pulse width modulation, sinusoidal rate modulation, and stochastic rate modulation. Results demonstrated that under the parameter settings tested in this study, all tested patterns except pulse width modulation, significantly reversed mechanical hypersensitivity, with stochastic rate modulation achieving the highest efficacy, followed by the sinusoidal rate modulation. The anti-nociceptive effects of sinusoidal rate modulation on EEG outlasted SCS duration on the behavioral and EEG levels. These results suggest that TDP modulation may improve clinical outcomes by reducing pain intensity and possibly improving the sensory experience.
Partial Inflow Occlusion Facilitates Accurate Deployment of Thoracic Aortic Endografts (2004)

The force of aortic flow often impairs precise deployment of thoracic endoprostheses, resulting in distal displacement. Partial inflow occlusion provides precise control over the extent and duration of the hypotensive period, allowing accurate deployment of thoracic endoprostheses.
Abstract 327: Mitochondrial Functional Variation Contributes to Endothelial Cell Activation (2014)

Vascular oxidant stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction and plays a critical role in early stage cardiovascular disease (CVD) development. Changes in endothelial function due to oxidant stress may contribute to CVD initiation and progression through the development of a pro-inflammatory environment. Differences in mitochondrial function may contribute to this process and provide insight into why age of onset and clinical outcomes differ amongst individuals form distinct ethnic groups; but no reports demonstrate distinct mitochondrial functional parameters between normal cells. Consequently, we hypothesized that significant variations in normal mitochondrial function and oxidant production exist between endothelial cells from donors representing different ethnic groups. Aspects of mitochondrial oxygen utilization and oxidant production were assessed under basal and inflammatory conditions in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) isolated from African Americans (AA) and Caucasians (CA). Bioenergetic analysis indicates that compared to CA, AA HAEC utilized significantly less oxygen for ATP production, possess a lower maximal respiratory capacity, and have reduced electron leak. Significant differences in mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, and increased levels of superoxide were also observed and AA HAEC supporting a pro-inflammatory phenotype. As a marker of endothelial cell activation, AA HAEC expressed increased levels of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 under both basal and inflammatory conditions that could be partially mitigated but treatment with the mitochondrially targeted antioxidant MitoTEMPO. These data demonstrate that fundamental differences exist in mitochondrial oxygen utilization and oxidant production between CA and AA HAEC and that these changes may affect endothelial cell activation. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in “normal” mitochondrial function amongst ethnic groups could influence individual susceptibility by contributing to vascular inflammation, providing important insights into the mechanisms that contribute human CVD development.
7‐Step Flow Synthesis of the HIV Integrase Inhibitor Dolutegravir (2018)

Abstract Dolutegravir (DTG), an important active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) used in combination therapy for the treatment of HIV, has been synthesized in continuous flow. By adapting the reported GlaxoSmithKline process chemistry batch route for Cabotegravir, DTG was produced in 4.5 h in sequential flow operations from commercially available materials. Key features of the synthesis include rapid manufacturing time for pyridone formation, one‐step direct amidation of a functionalized pyridone, and telescoping of multiple steps to avoid isolation of intermediates and enable for greater throughput.
The PlyB Endolysin of Bacteriophage vB_BanS_Bcp1 Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Bactericidal Activity against Bacillus cereus Sensu Lato Isolates (2019)

Lytic bacteriophages (or phages) drive bacterial mortality by elaborating exquisite abilities to bind, breach, and destroy bacterial cell membranes and subjugate critical bacterial cell functions. These antimicrobial activities make phages ideal candidates to serve as, or provide sources of, biological control measures for bacterial pathogens. In this study, we isolated the <i>Myoviridae</i> phage vB_BanS_Bcp1 (here referred to as Bcp1) from landfill soil, using a <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> host. The antimicrobial activities of both Bcp1 and its encoded endolysin, PlyB, were examined across different <i>B. cereus</i><i>sensu lato</i> group species, including <i>B. cereus</i><i>sensu stricto</i>, <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>, and <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>, with pathogenic potential in humans and multiple different uses in biotechnological applications. The Bcp1 phage infected only a subset (11 to 66%) of each <i>B. cereus</i><i>sensu lato</i> species group tested. In contrast, functional analysis of purified PlyB revealed a potent bacteriolytic activity against all <i>B. cereus</i><i>sensu lato</i> isolates tested (<i>n</i> = 79). PlyB was, furthermore, active across broad temperature, pH, and salt ranges, refractory to the development of resistance, bactericidal as a single agent, and synergistic with a second endolysin, PlyG. To confirm the potential for PlyB as an antimicrobial agent, we demonstrated the efficacy of a single intravenous treatment with PlyB alone or combination with PlyG in a murine model of lethal <i>B. anthracis</i> infection. Overall, our findings show exciting potential for the Bcp1 bacteriophage and the PlyB endolysin as potential new additions to the antimicrobial armamentarium.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Organisms of the <i>Bacillus cereus</i><i>sensu lato</i> lineage are ubiquitous in the environment and are responsible for toxin-mediated infections ranging from severe food poisoning (<i>B. cereus</i><i>sensu stricto</i>) to anthrax (<i>Bacillus anthracis</i>). The increasing incidence of many of these infections, combined with the specter of antibiotic resistance, has created a need for novel antimicrobials with potent activity, including bacteriophages (or phages) and phage-encoded products (i.e., endolysins). In this study, we describe a broadly infective phage, Bcp1, and its encoded endolysin, PlyB, which exhibited a rapidly bacteriolytic effect against all <i>B. cereus</i><i>sensu lato</i> isolates tested with no evidence of evolving resistance. Importantly, PlyB was highly efficacious in a mouse model of lethal bacteremia with <i>B. anthracis</i> Both the Bcp1 phage and the PlyB endolysin represent novel mechanisms of action compared to antibiotics, with potential applications to address the evolving problem of antimicrobial resistance.
Survivability of wave energy convertors (2023)

A wave energy conversion (WEC) system includes a float body, a heave plate, a tether, and a controller. The tether couples the heave plate to the float body. The controller controls the tether between survivability modes. Each survivability mode adjusts a tension and/or length of the tether.
Transcriptional activity and epigenetic regulation of transposable elements in the symbiotic fungus Rhizophagus irregularis (2021)

Abstract Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form mutualistic relationships with most land plant species and have long been considered as ancient asexuals. Long-term clonal evolution would be remarkable for a eukaryotic lineage and suggests the importance of alternative mechanisms to promote genetic variability facilitating adaptation. Here, we assessed the potential of transposable elements (TEs) for generating genomic diversity. The dynamic expression of TEs during Rhizophagus irregularis spore development suggests ongoing TE activity. We find Mutator-like elements located near genes belonging to highly expanded gene families. Characterising the epigenomic status of R. irregularis provides evidence of DNA methylation and small RNA production occurring at TE loci. Our results support a potential role for TEs in shaping the genome, and roles for DNA methylation and small RNA-mediated silencing in regulating TEs. A well-controlled balance between TE activity and repression may therefore contribute to genome evolution in AM fungi.
Elastic network monitoring with virtual probes (2015)

The next generation monitoring solutions should evolve as fast as the applications they will support both in terms of functionality (e.g. new protocols, monitoring function, etc.) as well as in terms of scale and performance. We believe the field of network monitoring is yet to experience the same revolutionary transformation as software-defined networking (SDN) and network function visualization (NFV) brought to the telecom world. To this end we present a flexible network monitoring application we use to demonstrate the potential of next generation network monitoring with advanced probe functionality and virtualization. Our demonstration shows a new OVS-based (Open vSwitch) vProbe capable of adding and processing monitoring metadata in IETF's recently proposed network service header (NSH) for service chaining [1], [2]. The monitoring metadata in this work is used for troubleshooting performance issues (i.e. excessive latency) along service function paths (SFPs). Benefits of our approach are the flexibility it offers to create new monitoring solutions as well as the virtualization of monitoring resources in order to benefit from the same economies of scale and elasticity features of NFV. This demonstration is built as part of our proposed monitoring framework presented in [3] which consists of a monitoring platform which, on the northbound, offers a full control as well as a more limiting intent based interface. It can spin new vProbes when and where needed. The data plane used in this demonstration consists of OpenFlow switches (OVS) extended with the NSH header [4]. This work can be described as a troubleshooting use case customized for service chaining. We demonstrate a video traffic performance degradation scenario and pin down where the issue is for a given flow on a service chain.
Compassionate Use of REGEN-COV® in Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Immunodeficiency-Associated Antibody Disorders (2021)

In this retrospective analysis of immunodeficient patients granted REGEN-COV under emergency compassionate use, REGEN-COV treatment was associated with rapid viral clearance and clinical improvement in patients with longstanding COVID-19. Adverse events were consistent with COVID-19 and its associated complications, and due to patients' concurrent medical conditions.
Noncovalent Modification of Carbon Nanotubes with Pyrene‐Functionalized Nickel Complexes: Carbon Monoxide Tolerant Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution and Uptake (2011)

Go with the CO: The functionalization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with molecular complexes through π–π stacking produces robust, noble-metal-free electrocatalytic nanomaterials for H2 evolution and uptake. The catalysts are compatible with the conditions encountered in classical proton-exchange membrane devices and are tolerant of the common pollutant CO, thus offering significant advantages over traditional Pt-based catalysts. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
High-Mobility Stable 4H-SiC MOSFETs Using a Thin PSG Interfacial Passivation Layer (2013)

Phosphorous from P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> is more effective than nitrogen for passivating the 4H-SiC/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface. The peak value of the field-effect mobility for 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) after phosphorus passivation is approximately 80 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s. However, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> converts the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer to phosphosilicate glass (PSG)-a polar material that introduces voltage instabilities which negate the benefits of lower interface trap density and higher mobility. We report a significant improvement in voltage stability with mobilities as high as 72 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s for MOSFETs fabricated with a thin PSG gate layer ( ~ 10 nm) capped with a deposited oxide.
Report on the first outbreaks of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in France. Diagnosis and viral isolation. (1992)

We describe the first known occurrence in France of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a new porcine disease that first appeared in Germany in November 1990. Outbreaks of the disease appeared in November 1991 in Brittany (France), with comparable clinical features to those observed in other countries, were definitively confirmed by a serological analysis from the affected animals using an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay with PRRS-virus infected alveolar macrophages. Furthermore, we report the isolation from one serum of a filtrable agent that, in view of its cytopathic effect for porcine alveolar macrophages and of the serologic reactivity of the infected cells, appears similar to the Lelystad virus that has been implicated in the etiology of the disease.
Autonomous flight in unstructured and unknown indoor environments (2009)

This paper presents our solution for enabling a quadrotor helicopter, equipped with a laser rangefinder sensor, to autonomously explore and map unstructured and unknown indoor environments. While these capabilities are already commodities on ground vehicles, air vehicles seeking the same performance face unique challenges. In this paper, we describe the difficulties in achieving fully autonomous helicopter flight, highlighting the differences between ground and helicopter robots that make it difficult to use algorithms developed for ground robots. We then describe our solutions to the key problems, including a multi-level sensing and control hierarchy, a high-speed laser scan-matching algorithm, EKF data fusion, and a high-level SLAM implementation. Finally, we show experimental results that illustrate the helicopter’s ability to navigate accurately and autonomously in unknown environments. Figure 1: Our quadrotor helicopter. Sensing and computation components include a Hokuyo Laser Rangefinder (1), laserdeflecting mirrors for altitude (2), a monocular camera (3), an IMU (4), a Gumstix processor (5), and the helicopter’s internal processor (6) 1
An MMC-based Fully Modular Ultra-Fast Charging Station Integrating a Battery Energy Storage System (2022)

The wide diffusion of electric vehicles is possible only if charging infrastructures are adequately developed. In this context, this paper proposes a novel fast-charging structure based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC) with the battery energy storage system (BESS) integrated at the submodule level along with the charging spot. In this way, bulky output filters can be avoided, and the modularity of the converter can be exploited. Moreover, the possibility to split the BESS increases the converter reliability. Lastly, considering the possible different vehicle charging powers, an optimal size of the BESS capacity to install is provided, analyzing the power flows of the regular converter operation. The presented simulation results show the advantages and drawbacks of the analyzed MMC-BESS topology.
Multicomponent Patterning of Indium Tin Oxide (2012)

We report a versatile functionalization and pattering technique that permits multicomponent pattern-specific modification of indium tin oxide (ITO) with organic species. The method relies on a bilayered molecular system that simultaneously protects ITO from degradation and provides uniform chemical functionality suitable for further elaboration. Pattern-specific modification is achieved via specific reaction between functionality on an elastomeric stamp and functionality of cognate reactivity at the surface of a bilayered molecular substrate. We demonstrate that a single molecular system in a combination with different printing approaches can be used to immobilize multiple organic functionalities with exquisite spatial control on a single ITO surface. Our study provides the first general approach that permits patterning and functionalization of ITO with different molecules using a single set of printing conditions and materials.
Periodic patterns in a ring of delay-coupled oscillators (2010)

We describe the appearance and stability of spatiotemporal periodic patterns (rotating waves) in unidirectional rings of coupled oscillators with delayed couplings. We show how delays in the coupling lead to the splitting of each rotating wave into several new ones. The appearance of rotating waves is mediated by the Hopf bifurcations of the symmetric equilibrium. We also conclude that the coupling delays can be effectively replaced by increasing the number of oscillators in the chain. The phenomena are shown for the Stuart-Landau oscillators as well as for the coupled FitzHugh-Nagumo systems modeling an ensemble of spiking neurons interacting via excitatory chemical synapses.