gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
III-V Multi-Junction Solar Cells on Si Substrates with a Voided Ge Interface Layer: A Modeling Study (2018)

Multi-junction solar cell efficiencies far exceed those attainable with silicon photovoltaics; however, the high cost of materials remains a barrier to their widespread use. Substantial cost reduction could be achieved by replacing the germanium substrate with a less expensive alternative: silicon. However, threading dislocations introduced by the lattice mismatch between silicon and other layers have a detrimental effect on performance. In this research, we seek to accommodate lattice mismatch by introducing a voided germanium interface layer on the silicon substrate to intercept dislocations and prevent them from reaching the active layers. We present simulation results exploring the effect of threading dislocations and substrate doping on device performance. For insufficient substrate doping, a potential barrier forms at the germanium/silicon interface, restricting current flow. This barrier becomes larger under concentration, necessitating higher doping ( 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ) in the substrate layer. We show that for dislocation densities of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , an efficiency of 28% is theoretically achievable under 100 sun concentration when the voided germanium interface and the silicon substrate are highly doped. For very low defect densities of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> , an efficiency of 36% could be achieved.
Myometrial interstitial cells and the coordination of myometrial contractility (2009)

A strict regulation of contractility in the uterus and fallopian tube is essential for various reproductive functions. The uterus contributes, through either increased contractility or periods of relative quiescence, to: (i) expulsion of menstrual debris, (ii) sperm transport, (iii) adequate embryo placement during implantation, (iv) enlarging its capacity during pregnancy and (v) parturition. The dominant cell population of the uterine wall consists of smooth muscle cells that contain the contractile apparatus responsible for the generation of contractile force. Recent interest has focused on a new population of cells located throughout the myometrium on the borders of smooth muscle bundles. These cells are similar to interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in the gut that are responsible for the generation of electrical slow waves that control peristalsis. A precise role for myometrial Cajal-like interstitial cells (m-ICLC) has not been identified. m-ICLC express the c-kit receptor, involved in creating and maintaining the ICC phenotype in the gastrointestinal tract. However, both acute and prolonged inhibition of this receptor with the c-kit antagonist imatinib mesylate does not appear to affect the spontaneous contractility of myometrium. Calcium imaging of live tissue slices suggests that contractile signalling starts on the borders of smooth muscle bundles where m-ICLC are located and recently the possible role of extracellular ATP signalling from m-ICLC has been studied. This manuscript reviews the evidence regarding tissue-level signalling in the myometrium with a particular emphasis on the anatomical and possible functional aspects of m-ICLC as new elements of the contractile mechanisms in the uterus.
Active Flow Control Using MEMS (2004)

This lecture presents an overview of the potential for the application of MEMS for the active control of fluid flows. In addition to providing a general overview of the underlying fluid mechanics and status of current research the relevance of this technology application to future military vehicle technologies is highlighted. The lecture identifies the potential benefits of the use of MEMS for controlling flow separation and reducing drag on a range of air vehicles and their propulsion systems. Because of the overview nature of this lecture the material presented has been extracted from a wide range of public domain source both in the USA and Europe. Where, possible such material has been attributed to its originator. Apologies are made in circumstances where attributions have not been made.
Constructing radio environment maps with heterogeneous spectrum sensors (2011)

In this demonstration proposal we describe a prototype of a radio environment map (REM) for storing and reasoning about spectrum data obtained from heterogeneous sources. The architecture of the REM prototype is both modular and extendible, and can be used with very diverse spectrum sensors, ranging from high-fidelity spectrum analyzers to dedicated low-cost embedded solutions. In the proposed demonstration we will illustrate how information such as transmitter locations and estimates of spectrum occupancy over space and time can be inferred and made available through the REM, based on information obtained from a network of different spectrum sensors deployed specifically for the demonstration.
Optical Temperature Sensor Based on Wavelength Scanning Technology (1986)

Wavelength scanning technology has been applied to an optical temperature sensor for the first time. The sensor utilizes optical polarization change due to temperature change. The transducer part of the sensor is composed of polarization maintaining fibers (PMF), and no other optical components, such as prisms or lenses, are used. The new optical temperature sensor eliminates compensation for transmission loss fluctuation due to fiber interconnection or the fiber itself.
A magnetic force microscopy analysis of soft thin film elements (1994)

Several different soft magnetic materials have been investigated by means of Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) using commercial Atomic Force Microscope (Nanoscope III) with slope detection. The observed contrast of basically solenoidal magnetization distributions in nanocrystalline Fe-Permalloy multilayer and single-layer Permalloy thin film elements not only reveals wall locations, and thus the subdivision of the magnetic volume into domains, but also a decomposition into subdomains hitherto undocumented. A strong influence of roughness on the magnetic fine structure is also demonstrated. Additional observations of the classical lancets of Goss texture in bulk Iron confirm the fact that the symmetries of the observed contrast are consistent with those of pendicular component of magnetization within a volume close to the sample surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
High contrast polymer-dispersed liquid crystal in a 90° twisted cell (2004)

A polymer-dispersed liquid crystal confined in a 90° twisted cell (T-PDLC) is demonstrated. In comparison to a conventional PDLC, the T-PDLC is also polarization independent while exhibiting a higher contrast ratio. Potential applications of the T-PDLC are in polarizer-free reflective display and light switch. A black and white segmented-alphabet reflective display using a dye-doped T-PDLC is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON CARCINOGENIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS. PART VI. SYNTHESIS OF PHENANTHRENE‐9,10‐IMINE TOSYLATE. A STABLE ARENE IMINE (1976)

Abstract Das Epoxid (I) wird mit Natriumazid zum Azidoalkohol (II) gespalten, der mit Lithiumaluminiumhydrid den Aminoalkohol (III) liefert.
A New Control Method Utilizing Stiffness Adjustment of Mechanical Elastic Elements for Serial Link Systems (2007)

This paper proposes a tracking control method of sinusoidal motions utilizing stiffness adjustment of mechanical elastic elements for serial link systems. Although dynamics of the controlled objects is nonlinear, the stiffness adjustment realize a condition similar to a resonance of linear systems. We present a controller that adjusts stiffness of the elastic elements to reduce torque requirement of actuators while generating desired motions. The proposed controller works without using dynamics models nor parameters of the controlled objects. Stability of the controller is proved, and tracking errors are guaranteed to converge to a certain region. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method. We also present an application of the proposed method to power assist systems.
Nonlinear Multidisciplinary Design Approach for Axial-Flux Eddy Current Brakes (2019)

This paper introduces a new nonlinear multidisciplinary design approach (NMDA) for axial-flux (AF) eddy current brakes (ECBs). The proposed NMDA is developed by nonlinear magnetic-thermal-structural coupled modeling. The nonlinear behaviors of the AF-ECB covering the BH curve, resistivity, heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and the temperature are jointly analyzed in time domain to investigate the actual brake properties and to determine brake operating range. In this paper, the nonlinear magnetic modeling based on two-dimensional (2-D) reluctance network is studied by a modified Newton-Raphson method. Furthermore, the nonlinear thermal modeling is carried out by lumped-parameters considering the change of heat capacity, thermal conductivity, and the temperature and updating the data in the evaluation process. Finally, the nonlinear structural modeling is performed to obtain the deflection and the mechanical safety factor of the brake. The nonlinear modeling methods in the proposed NMDA are validated by independent 3-D electromagnetic, thermal, and structural finite element analyses (FEAs), and the proposed NMDA is tested with two different AF-ECB prototypes. The experimental results confirm that the proposed NMDA has high accuracy, and compared to 3-D-FEA approaches, it provides a fast solution to predict the AF-ECB performance.
Stakeholder identification and quality attribute prioritization for a global Vehicle Control System (2010)

An industrial case study in stakeholder identification and quality attribute prioritization for a Vehicle Control System (VCS) is presented. The system stakeholders were identified and a list of quality attributes was developed. A team of co-located Ford Motor Company engineering liaisons identified and interviewed stakeholders from their home organizations. The interview results were processed quantitatively and the top quality attributes were identified. Lessons learned from the process are included.
Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Its Effects on Sleep in Infants (1996)

Sleep apnea has been recorded in many infants, but little data exist concerning the amount and range of apnea in infants. We studied 49 infants referred to the sleep disorders unit. Single polysomnographic studies were performed on each infant. We examined the amount of apnea, presence and amount of upper airway obstruction and the sleeping pattern in each infant. Central apnea was common to all infants and varied in amount. Upper airway obstruction, recorded as mixed apnea, was found in 36 infants. Twenty of these infants had only occasional mixed apnea ( < 2 apneas/hour), whereas 16 infants displayed a higher amount of obstruction. All infants were separated into two groups according to amount of apnea and obstruction. Sixteen infants with obstruction plus 3 infants with a high amount of central apnea represented group I. The remaining 30 infants represented group II. Marked differences in the sleeping pattern were found when the groups of infants were separated. Infants from group I had significantly less rapid eye movement (REM) sleep than infants from group II. We conclude that sleep-disordered breathing in infants is associated with disruptions in sleep.
Immunotoxins: From Design to Clinical Application (2021)

The Special Issue of Biomolecules entitled "Immunotoxins, From Design to Clinical Application" contains seven reviews related to immunotoxins [...].
Preparation of biological fish silage and its effect on the performance and meat quality characteristics of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) (2013)

The aim of the present study was to produce fish silage by lactic acid fermentation and evaluate its use in feeding of quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). An oven-dried mixture of fish silage and soybean meal (1:1 w/w) was used to prepare the diets with different levels of inclusion (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and evaluate its effect on the performance and meat quality of 160 quails. The inclusion level did not affect the growth and feed conversion ratio. The carcass yield (70.3%) and sensory quality of breast meat were not significantly different among the treatments (p>0.05). However, the concentration of unsaturated fatty acids such as oleic (C18:1n9C), linoleic (C18:2n6C), linolenic (C18:3n3), arachidonic (C20:4n6), cis eicosapentaenoic (C20:5n3) and cis docosahexaenoic (C22:6n3) increased in quail breast meat with the inclusion of fish silage:soybean mixture in the diet (p<0.05). Fish silage and its use in quail diets could offer a good alternative for fish waste utilization as feedstuff component for the improvement of fatty acid composition in its breast meat.
Ultra-low Temperature Oxidation of Silicon using UV Light-exited Ozone in Wafer-transfer Type Chamber (2005)

UV light-exited ozone has been applied for rapid low-temperature oxidation of silicon in a wafer-transfer type chamber. Oxidation was made in almost 100% ozone atmosphere with KrF excimer laser (248 nm) which enables the effective supply of O (1D) atoms to the processed surface. In this system, SiO2 film with a thickness of more than 3.5 nm is achieved even as low as 200°C. Uniform 2.9 nm film formation over 5-inch wafer with a thickness fluctuation of 0.1 nm was also obtained when KrF laser irradiation area was enlarged by a cylindrical concave lens. Current-voltage measurement has been employed to characterize SiO2 films and it is confirmed that the catastrophic breakdown field strength was 13 MV/cm. Processing pressure dependence of density of O (1D) atoms which contributing to the oxidation was estimated. Experimental result that the thickness of SiO2 film increases by decreasing the processing pressure agrees with our estimated result at the pressure range between 340 Pa and 820 Pa.
Microtensiometer for Confocal Microscopy Visualization of Dynamic Interfaces (2022)

Adsorption of surface-active molecules to fluid-fluid interfaces is ubiquitous in nature. Characterizing these interfaces requires measuring surfactant adsorption rates, evaluating equilibrium surface tensions as a function of bulk surfactant concentration, and relating how surface tension changes with changes in the interfacial area following equilibration. Simultaneous visualization of the interface using fluorescence imaging with a high-speed confocal microscope allows the direct evaluation of structure-function relationships. In the capillary pressure microtensiometer (CPM), a hemispherical air bubble is pinned at the end of the capillary in a 1 mL volume liquid reservoir. The capillary pressure across the bubble interface is controlled via a commercial microfluidic flow controller that allows for model-based pressure, bubble curvature, or bubble area control based on the Laplace equation. Compared to previous techniques such as the Langmuir trough and pendant drop, the measurement and control precision and response time are greatly enhanced; capillary pressure variations can be applied and controlled in milliseconds. The dynamic response of the bubble interface is visualized via a second optical lens as the bubble expands and contracts. The bubble contour is fit to a circular profile to determine the bubble curvature radius, R, as well as any deviations from circularity that would invalidate the results. The Laplace equation is used to determine the dynamic surface tension of the interface. Following equilibration, small pressure oscillations can be imposed by the computer-controlled microfluidic pump to oscillate the bubble radius (frequencies of 0.001-100 cycles/min) to determine the dilatational modulus The overall dimensions of the system are sufficiently small that the microtensiometer fits under the lens of a high-speed confocal microscope allowing fluorescently tagged chemical species to be quantitatively tracked with submicron lateral resolution.
Impact of Non-Uniform Doping on the Plasmonic Properties of In2O3 Nanoparticles: A Study by Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (2018)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Structure-Function Relationships Affecting the Insecticidal and Miticidal Activity of Sugar Esters (2003)

Synthetic sugar esters are a relatively new class of insecticidal compounds that are produced by reacting sugars with fatty acids. The objective of this research was to determine how systematic alterations in sugar or fatty acid components of sugar ester compounds influenced their insecticidal properties. Sucrose octanoate, sorbitol octanoate, sorbitol decanoate, sorbitol caproate, xylitol octanoate, xylitol decanoate and xylitol dodecanoate were synthesized and evaluated against a range of arthropod pests. Dosage-mortality studies were conducted on pear psylla (Cacopsylla pyricola Foerster) on pear, tobacco aphid (Myzus nicotianae) Blackman and tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta [Johannson]) on tobacco, and twospotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) on apple in laboratory bioassays. These sugar esters were compared with insecticidal soap (M-Pede, Dow AgroSciences L.L.C., San Diego, CA), to determine how toxicologically similar these materials were against the arthropod pests. Substitutions in either the sugar or fatty acid component led to significant changes in the physical properties and insecticidal activity of these compounds. The sugar esters varied in their solubility in water and in emulsion stability, yet, droplet spread upon pear leaves occurred at low concentrations of 80-160 ppm and was strongly correlated with psylla mortalities (R2 = 0.73). Sequentially altering the sugar or fatty acid components from lower to higher numbers of carbon chains, or whether the sugar was a monosaccharide or disaccharide did not follow a predictable relationship to insecticidal activity. Intuitively, changing the hydrophile from sorbitol (C6) to xylitol (C5) would require a decrease in lipophile chain length to maintain hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) relationships, yet an increase in lipophile chain length was unexpectedly needed for increasing insecticidal activity. Thus, the HLB of these materials did not correlate with pear psylla mortalities. Initial insect bioassays and dosage-mortality data found significant differences among sugar ester compounds' toxicity to the range of arthropod species. Sucrose octanoate high in monoester content had the highest activity against the range of arthropod pests at low concentrations of 1200-2400 ppm. No single chemical structure for the xylitol or sorbitol esters were optimally effective against the range of arthropods we tested and sorbitol octanoate and xylitol decanoate had the highest insecticidal activity of this group. All of the sugar ester materials produced high T. urticae mortalities on apple at very low concentrations of 400 ppm. Overall, most of the sugar esters that were examined had superior insecticidal activity compared with insecticidal soap. Sugar ester chemistry offers a unique opportunity to design an insecticide or miticide specific to certain arthropod pests which would be valuable in crop integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Sucrose esters are currently used as additives in the food industry which makes them especially attractive as safe and effective insecticides.
Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in adult Chinese in Singapore. (2000)

The results indicate that whereas myopia is 1.5 to 2.5 times more prevalent in adult Chinese residing in Singapore than in similarly aged European-derived populations in the United States and Australia, the sociodemographic associations are similar.
Production of Single-walled Cysts of Schizopyrenus russelli by Sonication and their Behaviour Towards Excystment-inducing and Excystment-blocking Agents (1970)

SUMMARY: Ultrasonic treatment of double-walled cysts of Schizopyrenus russelli led to the removal of the outer wall. These single-walled cysts excysted readily in aqueous extract of Escherichia coli, as did normal double-walled cysts. There was a marked delay in the excystment of single-walled cysts obtained by ultrasonic treatment of the normal cysts treated with p-chloromercuric benzoate (p-CMB) or emetine, similar to that obtained with normal cysts. The action of p-CMB was annulled by reduced glutathione. These findings suggest that the sites of action of excystment-inducing and excystment-blocking agents are on or inside the inner cyst wall and that these agents are able to permeate the outer cyst wall.
Universal Enhancement of Raman Scattering Sensing by Plasmonic Nanotubes Coupled with Photonic Crystal Slab (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate 2-D photonic crystal slab-coupled plasmonic nanocapsules for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). A strong Raman signal enhancement can be unambiguously detected even with a low concentration 10 nM dye molecules.
Acute Phase Reactants and Complement Activation in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (1988)

The acute phase proteins, C-reactive protein (CRP), orosomucoid, alpha 1-antitrypsin and haptoglobin, the native complement components C3 and C4, activation products of C3, and the terminal SC5b-9 complement complex were quantified in samples obtained on admittance and on days 1, 2, 3 and 6 in 21 patients with non-complicated acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and in 22 controls. For all proteins peak and median concentrations were higher in the AMI group than in the controls, but the difference was significant only for CRP and orosomucoid. Median CRP concentration was 46 mg/l in the AMI group and 2.5 in the control group. The corresponding orosomucoid concentrations were 1.6 and 1.2 g/l. There was no correlation between the concentration of CRP in peripheral blood and the degree of complement activation. Furthermore, no correlation was observed between complement activation and the size of infarction. The present study cannot demonstrate that the increased concentrations of CRP and other acute phase reactants observed in patients with AMI, are associated with systemic fluid-phase complement activation. Furthermore, the complement activation previously shown locally in infarcted myocardium cannot be demonstrated systemically in non-complicated AMI.
A 48-860MHz digital cable tuner IC with integrated RF and IF selectivity (2003)

A single-chip digital cable tuner with an active splitter for cable data modems and set-top boxes is realized in a 0.5/spl mu/m, 30GHz BiCMOS technology. The IC employs a single down-conversion, low-IF architecture and can receive signals in the 48-860MHz range. Fully integrated selectivity is obtained in combination with a channel decoder. Power consumption is 1.5W with a 3.3V supply.
40 Gb/s RZ unrepeatered transmission over 252 km SMF using Raman amplification (2002)

We report on 40 Gb/s RZ-transmission over the record length of 252 km standard single-mode fiber using distributed Raman amplification. Effects of pulse width and dispersion compensation were investigated both, theoretically and experimentally.