gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of miRNA expression across human tissues (2016)

We present a human miRNA tissue atlas by determining the abundance of 1997 miRNAs in 61 tissue biopsies of different organs from two individuals collected post-mortem. One thousand three hundred sixty-four miRNAs were discovered in at least one tissue, 143 were present in each tissue. To define the distribution of miRNAs, we utilized a tissue specificity index (TSI). The majority of miRNAs (82.9%) fell in a middle TSI range i.e. were neither specific for single tissues (TSI > 0.85) nor housekeeping miRNAs (TSI < 0.5). Nonetheless, we observed many different miRNAs and miRNA families that were predominantly expressed in certain tissues. Clustering of miRNA abundances revealed that tissues like several areas of the brain clustered together. Considering -3p and -5p mature forms we observed miR-150 with different tissue specificity. Analysis of additional lung and prostate biopsies indicated that inter-organism variability was significantly lower than inter-organ variability. Tissue-specific differences between the miRNA patterns appeared not to be significantly altered by storage as shown for heart and lung tissue. MiRNAs TSI values of human tissues were significantly (P = 10(-8)) correlated with those of rats; miRNAs that were highly abundant in certain human tissues were likewise abundant in according rat tissues. We implemented a web-based repository enabling scientists to access and browse the data (https://ccb-web.cs.uni-saarland.de/tissueatlas).
Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital managing function of CN-substituted dibenzofuran in high triplet energy hosts for blue thermally-activated delayed fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes (2021)

The effect of lowest unoccupied molecular orbital management of high triplet energy electron transport type hosts in organic light-emitting diodes was investigated by synthesizing three hosts derived from CN-modified dibenzofuran.
Bond of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) rods to concrete (1996)

The bond behavior between FRP rods and concrete is one of the most important aspects to predicting the short- and long-term performance of FRP reinforced concrete structures including development and transfer length. In this research, the direct pull-out test was used to study the FRP/concrete bond behavior. This method allows measurement of the loaded- and free-end slip of the FRP rod and placement of a strain probe inside the rod to measure internal strain distribution in both axial and radial directions along the bonded length without affecting the FRP/concrete interface. Knowledge of strain distribution is necessary to study the load transfer mechanism between FRP rod and concrete. The scope of this paper include experimental results obtained with the direct pull-out test using 12.7 mm glass and carbon FRP rods with smooth and axisymmetrical deformed surfaces. The typical results are given as nominal bond and shear stress vs. free- and loaded-end slip. Experimental results obtained from strain probes used during pull-out tests are also presented as nominal bond and shear stress vs. strain. For smooth rods, friction is the main controlling factor. For deformed rods, bond tends to be controlled by strength and mechanical action of the axisymmetrical deformations rather thanmore » adhesion and friction. The strength of concrete appears to have no effect on the bond strength and failure mechanism of these particular machined FRP rods when concrete splitting is avoided.« less
Emerging experience with meningococcal serogroup B protein vaccines (2017)

The successful development of two broadly protective vaccines targeting Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB); 4CMenB and rLP2086, is the most significant recent advance in meningococcal disease prevention. Areas covered: Here we review the principles underlying the development of each vaccine and the novel methods used to estimate vaccine coverage. We update clinical and post-licensure experience with 4CMenB and rLP2086. Expert commentary: The immunogenicity and acceptable safety profile of 4CMenB and rLP2086 has been demonstrated in clinical trials. Continuing uncertainties exist around the appropriate age groups to be immunized, the degree and duration of efficacy, and the impact on nasopharyngeal carriage which has implications for strategies to interrupt transmission and maximize herd protection effects. Universal vaccination programs such as those undertaken in Quebec and the United Kingdom are providing important information on these issues. The potential for MenB vaccines to prevent infection by other serogroups appears promising, and the impact of MenB vaccines on other pathogenic neisserial species with similar surface proteins warrants further investigation.
Security Policy Enforcement in Cloud Infrastructure (2013)

Cloud computing is a computing environment consisting of different facilitating components like hardware, software, firmware, networking, and services. Internet or a private network provides the required backbone to deliver the cloud services. The benefits of cloud computing like "ondemand, customized resource availability and performance management" are overpowered by the associated security risks to the cloud system, particularly to the cloud users or clients. Existing traditional IT and enterprise security are not adequate to address the cloud security issues. In order to deploy different cloud applications, it is understood that security concerns of cloud computing are to be effectively addressed. Cloud security is such an area which deals with the concerns and vulnerabilities of cloud computing for ensuring safer computing environment. This paper explores the challenges and issues of security concerns of cloud computing through different standard and novel solutions. This paper proposes architecture for incorporating different security schemes, techniques and protocols for cloud computing, particularly in Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) and Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) systems. The proposed architecture is generic in nature, not dependent on the type of cloud deployment, application agnostic and is not coupled with the underlying backbone. This would facilitate to manage the cloud system more effectively and provide the administrator to include the specific solution to counter the threat.
Differences between male and female breast cancer. I. Epidemiological features. (1995)

The authors' interest was focused on the direct determination of differences between the salient features of breast cancer in men and women in a large number of patients. Various epidemiological features were analyzed in a group of 386 male and 21,491 female breast cancer patients registered in the Cancer Registry of the Republic of Croatia from 1968 until 1988. This was a population-based study, and all male and female breast cancer cases recorded during the mentioned period were included in the study. During this 21-year period, the total incidence rate of breast cancer in men was about 0.83/100,000, and the mortality 0.2,/100.000. In the same interval, in women the rates doubled from 30 to 60/100,000, and 13 to 29/100,000, respectively. The highest incidence rates were recorded in the 80-84 age group in men, and 60-64 age group in women. The mean age at diagnosis was 63.4 years in men and 58.2 years in women. The distribution in terms of TNM-stages in men was: stage I-10.10%; II-40.67%; III-32.40%; IV-16.83%; in women; I-12.19%; II-49.36%; III-27-58%; IV-10.86%. The results showed that breast cancer in men had epidemiological characteristics of a sporadic disease, occurring continuously at a specific mean frequency in the general population and being little affected by environmental impacts. Conversely, in women affected by the disease there was a tendency of continuous rise in the morbidity and mortality, which might have been due to the trigger action of one or more environmental factors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Director structures in achiral smectic C liquid crystal cells: field‐induced twist domain nucleation (2006)

The electro‐optic response of two achiral smectic C liquid crystals, W479 and 8¯S5, in thin surface stabilized cells has been studied using polarizing optical microscopy. In their virgin (field‐free) state, W479 cells have ‘bookshelf’ structure, with the smectic layers uniformly tilted with respect to the bounding glass plates, while 8¯S5 cells have bent or ‘chevron’ layering. Upon first cooling into the smectic C phase, both materials exhibit domains of uniform optic axis orientation. Subsequent application of an electric field leads to a Fréedericksz transition and to the nucleation and growth of non‐uniform domains in which the optic axis is twisted. Models for the virgin and field‐induced director structures are proposed.
Continuous-wave optical stimulation of the rat prostate nerves using an all-single-mode 1455 nm diode laser and fiber system (2011)

Optical nerve stimulation (ONS) has recently been reported as a potential alternative to electrical nerve stimulation. Continuous-wave (CW) laser stimulation of the prostate cavernous nerves (CN) in a rat model, in vivo, has also been demonstrated in our previous studies. The objective of this study is to present a new all-single-mode-fiber configuration for ONS with the laser operating in CW mode for potential diagnostic applications. An infrared pigtailed single-mode diode laser (&lambda; = 1455 nm) was used in this study for noncontact ONS. This new all-fiber approach introduces several advantages including: (1) a less expensive and more compact ONS system, (2) elimination of alignment of optical components, and (3) an improved spatial beam profile. Successful optical stimulation of the rat CN using this new design was observed after the CN reached a threshold temperature of ~ 41 &deg;C with response times as short as 3 s. Upon further study, this configuration may be useful for identification and preservation of the cavernous nerves during prostate cancer surgery.
Effectiveness and scaling trends of leakage control techniques for sub-130nm CMOS technologies (2003)

This paper compares the effectiveness of different leakage control techniques in deep submicron (DSM) bulk CMOS technologies. Simulations show that the 3-5x increase in IOFF/mm per generation is offsetting the savings in switching energy obtained from technology scaling. We compare both the transistor IOFF reduction and ION degradation due to each technique for the 130nm-70nm technologies. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of leakage control techniques and the associated energy vs. delay tradeoffs depend on the ratio of switching to leakage energies for a given technology. We use our findings to design a 70nm low power word line driver scheme for a 256 entry, 64-bit register file (RF). As a result, the leakage (total) energy of the word line drivers is reduced by 3x(2.5x) and for the RF by up to 35%(25%) respectively.
Intersystem Crossing in Diplatinum Complexes (2016)

Intersystem crossing (ISC) in solid [(C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>9</sub>)<sub>4</sub>N]<sub>4</sub>[Pt<sub>2</sub>(μ-P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>(BF<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>], abbreviated Pt(pop-BF<sub>2</sub>), is remarkably slow for a third-row transition metal complex, ranging from τ<sub>ISC</sub> ≈ 0.9 ns at 310 K to τ<sub>ISC</sub> ≈ 29 ns below 100 K. A classical model based on Boltzmann population of one temperature-independent and two thermally activated pathways was previously employed to account for the ISC rate behavior. An alternative we prefer is to treat Pt(pop-BF<sub>2</sub>) ISC quantum mechanically, using expressions for multiphonon radiationless transitions. Here we show that a two-channel model with physically plausible parameters can account for the observed ISC temperature dependence. In channel 1, <sup>1</sup>A<sub>2u</sub> intersystem crosses directly into <sup>3</sup>A<sub>2u</sub> using a high energy B-F or P-O vibration as accepting mode, resulting in a temperature-independent ISC rate. In channel 2, ISC occurs via a deactivating state of triplet character (which then rapidly decays to <sup>3</sup>A<sub>2u</sub>), using Pt-Pt stretching (160 cm<sup>-1</sup>) as a distorting mode to provide the energy needed. Fitting indicates that the deactivating state, <sup>3</sup>X, is moderately displaced (S = 0.5-3) and blue-shifted (ΔE = 1420-2550 cm<sup>-1</sup>) from <sup>1</sup>A<sub>2u</sub>. Our model accounts for the experimental observation that ISC in both temperature independent and thermally activated channels is faster for Pt(pop) than for Pt(pop-BF<sub>2</sub>): in the temperature independent channel because O-H modes in the former more effectively accept than B-F modes in the latter, and in the thermally activated pathway because the energy gap to <sup>3</sup>X is larger in the latter complex.
Vilsmeier Complex Promotes Polycondensation of Imidodisulfuryl Chloride with Diols: Preparation of Ionic Oligomer Electrolytes (2023)

We report polycondensation of imidodisulfuryl chloride with diol monomers in the presence of catalysts. The method proceeds via stabilization of imidodisulfuryl chloride by the formation of a complex with N,N-dimethylformamide. This compound is well known as a Vilsmeier complex. The method is versatile and permits the incorporation of alkyl monomers in the oligomer backbone, and a maximum of 17 repeating units is reported. Linear ionic oligomers with protons, lithium ions, and BF4– incorporated into the main chain are successfully produced to fabricate self-standing composite single-ion ionic membranes that exhibited good ionic conductivity and stability at high voltages. Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG NMR) has been utilized to investigate ion diffusion in membranes.
The physiologic responses to a fluid bolus administration in old and young healthy adults (2022)

Older adults show a less reactive CFC to a fluid bolus, which could reduce blood to tissue transport of fluid. Diastolic dysfunction likely contributes to fluid maldistribution in older adults.
Multiplexed Fiber-Optic Interferometric System With Down-Lead Insensitive Fiber-Optic Probes (1989)

A Fiber-Optic Interferometric Sensor with multiplexing capability and noise free behaviour of the leading fiber is presented. The FOIS is based on a differential scheme, where both the reference and the sensing beam are guided by the same polarization maintaining fiber. A microprobe realized with-stacked optics technology permits the measurements in harsh environment. A full comparison of the noise-rejection capability of the realized FOIS versus a conventional ones is made. The experimental results confirm the high-noise rejection features of the developed FOIS.
Reservoir definition using triaxial walkaway VSPs (1992)

A gas discovery was made by British Gas with an exploration well in block 47/4b of the UK continental shelf. It was important to define the extern of the reservoir particularly to the North West . The structural history of this location is extremely complex, panicularly with respect to the near surface . Ray-path distortion through the complex overburden means conventional surface seismic data is of extremely poor quality, making interpretation difficult . British Gas embarked on an extensive walkaway and offset VSP program on well 47/4b- 5 The success of these surveys to image the Rotliegende azimuthally from the well was dependent on the ability of the processing to compensate for ray - path distortion together with a confident separation of shear and compressional components. The key step involved the extension of parametric inversion developed for VSP to walkaway geometry which resolved the raw triaxial data info its constituent wavefields (Fig 2). This allowed conventional migration with the 3D-lattice geometry to define the extent of the field (Fig 1 ).
The influence of strained ZnTe islands on excitonic recombination and the self-organizing effects of ZnTe islands in a wide CdTe-based quantum well (1998)

Structures consisting of ZnTe fractional monolayers embedded coherently in a CdTe quantum well are investigated by means of optical measurements. This study is designed to study the influence of the strained ZnTe islands on excitonic recombination and to explore the dependence of the self-organizing effects of the ZnTe island on growth temperatures. The experimental results show that the strained ZnTe islands can strongly modify the excitonic transitions related to the quantization of the excitonic centre-of-mass motion (CM quantization). We have shown that the striking increase of the effective g-factor of the CM quantized excitons is due to the change of the hole g-factor involved since it is found experimentally that the electron g-factor is unchanged. The experimental results also show that a coherent distribution of the ZnTe islands is formed at higher growth temperatures , while a random distribution of the ZnTe islands is formed at lower growth temperatures . A coherent alignment of the islands along the growth direction is concluded.
Cooperative Carrier Signaling: Harmonizing Coexisting WPAN and WLAN Devices (2012)

The unlicensed ISM spectrum is getting crowded by wireless local area network (WLAN) and wireless personal area network (WPAN) users and devices. Spectrum sharing within the same network of devices can be arbitrated by existing MAC protocols, but the coexistence between WPAN and WLAN (e.g., ZigBee and WiFi) remains a challenging problem. The traditional MAC protocols are ineffective in dealing with the disparate transmit-power levels, asynchronous time-slots, and incompatible PHY layers of such heterogeneous networks. Recent measurement studies have shown moderate-to-high WiFi traffic to severely impair the performance of coexisting ZigBee. We propose a novel mechanism, called cooperative carrier signaling (CCS), that exploits the inherent cooperation among ZigBee nodes to harmonize their coexistence with WiFi WLANs. CCS employs a separate ZigBee node to emit a carrier signal (busy tone) concurrently with the desired ZigBee's data transmission, thereby enhancing the ZigBee's visibility to WiFi. It employs an innovative way to concurrently schedule a busy tone and a data transmission without causing interference between them. We have implemented and evaluated CCS on the TinyOS/MICAz and GNURadio/USRP platforms. Our extensive experimental evaluation has shown that CCS reduces collision between ZigBee and WiFi by 50% for most cases, and by up to 90% in the presence of a high-level interference, all at negligible WiFi performance loss.
Histological Evaluation of Cold Versus Hot Cutting: Clinical Impact on Margin Status for Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy (2008)

Despite some degree of cellular damage the ability to determine whether cells at the margin were benign or malignant was not affected by using an energy based bipolar or ultrasonic device.
A two-transistor bootstrap type selective device for spin-transfer-torque magnetic tunnel junctions (2014)

Two-transistor bootstrap type selective device for spin-transfer-torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJs) is proposed that is smaller than the conventional ones with equivalent performance. The power supply voltage dependence of the area for the two-NFET bootstrap type selective device that can switch MTJs within 10 ns is compared with those of the conventional single-NFET, single-PFET, and CMOS type selective devices with the same performance in 90 nm technology node. It is found that the two-NFET bootstrap type selective device can be smaller than the conventional ones especially for the power supply voltage equal to or lower than 0.9 V. The two-NFET bootstrap type selective device is shown to maintain scalability to 32 nm node just like the CMOS one, while the conventional single-NFET and single-PFET selective devices fail to be scaled properly. This selective device can be applied to every high-performance MOS/MTJ hybrid circuit for increasing the integration density.
Black-Box Policy Search with Probabilistic Programs (2016)

In this work we show how to represent and learn policies that are themselves programs, i.e. stateful procedures with learnable param-eters. Towards learning the parameters of such policies we develop connections between black box variational inference and existing policy learning approaches. We then explain how such learning can be implemented in a probabilistic programming system. Using our own novel implementation of such a sys-tem we demonstrate both conciseness of pol-icy representation and automatic policy pa-rameter learning for a range of canonical re-inforcement learning problems. 1
Characterization of pig colonic mucins (1996)

Pig colonic mucins isolated from the adherent mucus gel in the presence of proteinase inhibitors were solubilized by homogenization and the component mucins fractionated by CsC1 density-gradient centrifugation. Polymeric and reduced pig colonic mucin were both largely excluded on Sepharose CL-2B, papain-digested colonic mucin was included. The M(r) values of polymeric, reduced and digested mucins were 5.5 x 10(6), 2.1 x 10(6) and 0.6 x 10(6) respectively. This suggests that pig colonic mucin is comprised of 2-3 subunits, each subunit containing 3-4 glycosylated regions. The intrinsic viscosities of polymeric, reduced and digested mucin were 240 ml.g-1, 100 ml.g-1 and 20 ml.g-1 respectively. Polymeric pig colonic mucin comprised 16% protein per mg of glycoprotein and was rich in serine, threonine and proline (43% of total amino acids). There were approx. 150 disulphide bridges and 53 free thiol groups per mucin polymer. A seventh of the protein content was lost on reduction. This protein was particularly rich in proline and the hydrophobic amino acids. Papain-digested pig colonic mucin contained 11% protein per mg of glycoprotein and was rich in serine, threonine, glutamate and aspartate. All types of amino acids with the exception of aspartate were lost on digestion. The amino acid analysis of the proteolytically digested regions of pig colonic mucin are markedly different to the tandem repeat regions of the human mucin genes shown to be expressed in the colon.
GMSK modulation of subharmonic injection locked oscillators (2005)

This paper presents theoretical results on phase modulation of injection locked oscillators. Experimental results on a 2-GHz fifth subharmonic injection locked oscillator (SBILO) integrated in a 0.35-/spl mu/m BiCMOS STMicroelectronics technology are presented. Measured phase error added by the SBILO once locked by a GMSK modulated signal is negligible.