gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dysregulation of Sterol Response Element-Binding Proteins and Downstream Effectors in Prostate Cancer during Progression to Androgen Independence (2004)

Androgen ablation, the most common therapeutic treatment used for advanced prostate cancer, triggers the apoptotic regression of prostate tumors. However, remissions are temporary because surviving prostate cancer cells adapt to the androgen-deprived environment and form androgen-independent (AI) tumors. We hypothesize that adaptive responses of surviving tumor cells result from dysregulated gene expression of key cell survival pathways. Therefore, we examined temporal alterations to gene expression profiles in prostate cancer during progression to androgen independence at several time points using the LNCaP xenograft tumor model. Two key genes, sterol response element-binding protein (SREBP)-1 and -2 (SREBP-1a,-1c, and -2), were consistently dysregulated. These genes are known to coordinately control the expression of the groups of enzymes responsible for lipid and cholesterol synthesis. Northern blots revealed modest increased expression of SREBP-1a, -1c, and -2 after castration, and at androgen independence (day 21-28), the expression levels of both SREBP-1a and -1c were significantly greater than precastrate levels. Changes in SREBP-1 and -2 protein expression were observed by Western analysis. SREBP-1 68-kDa protein levels were maintained throughout progression, however, SREBP-2 68-kDa protein expression increased after castration and during progression (3-fold). SREBPs are transcriptional regulators of over 20 functionally related enzymes that coordinately control the metabolic pathways of lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis, some of which were likewise dysregulated during progression to androgen independence. RNA levels of acyl-CoA-binding protein/diazepam-binding inhibitor and fatty acid synthase decreased significantly after castration, and then, during progression, increased to levels greater than or equal to precastrate levels. Expression of farnesyl diphosphate synthase did not decrease after castration but did increase significantly during progression to androgen independence. Levels of SREBP cleavage-activating protein, a regulator of SREBP transcriptional activity, decreased after castration and increased significantly at androgen independence. In clinical prostate cancer specimens from patients with varying grades of disease, the stained tissue sections showed high levels of SREBP-1 protein compared with noncancerous prostate tissue. After hormone withdrawal therapy, tumor levels of SREBP-1 decreased significantly after 6 weeks. AI tumors expressed significantly higher levels of SREBP-1. In summary, the LNCaP xenograft model of human prostate cancer as well as clinical specimens of prostate cancer demonstrated an up-regulation of SREBPs and their downstream effector genes during progression to androgen independence. As the AI phenotype emerges, enzymes critical for lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis are activated and likely contribute significantly to cell survival of AI prostate cancer.
Two Potato Proteins, Including a Novel RING Finger Protein (HIP1), Interact with the Potyviral Multifunctional Protein HCpro (2003)

Potyviral helper-component proteinase (HCpro) is a multifunctional protein exerting its cellular functions in interaction with putative host proteins. In this study, cellular protein partners of the HCpro encoded by Potato virus A (PVA) (genus Potyvirus) were screened in a potato leaf cDNA library using a yeast two-hybrid system. Two cellular proteins were obtained that interact specifically with PVA HCpro in yeast and in the two in vitro binding assays used. Both proteins are encoded by single-copy genes in the potato genome. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that one (HIP1) of the two HCpro interactors is a novel RING finger protein. The sequence of the other protein (HIP2) showed no resemblance to the protein sequences available from databanks and has known biological functions.
Farming for life: impact of medical prescriptions for fresh vegetables on cardiometabolic health for adults with or at risk of type 2 diabetes in a predominantly Mexican-American population (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03940300.
Bacteria like sharing their sweets (2013)

Protein glycosylation and capsular polysaccharide formation are increasingly recognized as playing central roles in the survival and virulence of bacterial pathogens. In this issue of Molecular Microbiology, structural analysis in Acinetobacter baumannii 17978 revealed that a pentasaccharide that decorates glycoproteins is formed of the same building blocks used for capsule biosynthesis demonstrating split roles for this glycan. Disruption of PglC, the initiating glycosyltransferase responsible for attachment of the first sugar to undecaprenylphosphate abolished glycoprotein production and capsule biosynthesis. Both pathways are demonstrated to be important in biofilm formation and pathogenesis, and disabling their synthesis should provide a useful route for antimicrobial design. Shared polysaccharide usage reduces the genetic and metabolic burden in a bacterial cell and is an emerging theme among bacterial pathogens that need to be energy efficient for their streamlined lifestyle.
Enhanced protonic conductivity and IFET behavior in individual proton-doped electrospun chitosan fibers (2019)

Enhanced proton transfer of an electrospun, single chitosan fiber doped by TFA in the presence of hydrogen in 75% relative humidity.
Decreased Levels of Proapoptotic Factors and Increased Key Regulators of Mitochondrial Biogenesis Constitute New Potential Beneficial Features of Long-lived Growth Hormone Receptor Gene-Disrupted Mice (2012)

Decreased somatotrophic signaling is among the most important mechanisms associated with extended longevity. Mice homozygous for the targeted disruption of the growth hormone (GH) receptor gene (GH receptor knockout; GHRKO) are obese and dwarf, are characterized by a reduced weight and body size, undetectable levels of GH receptor, high concentration of serum GH, and greatly reduced plasma levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I, and are remarkably long lived. Recent results suggest new features of GHRKO mice that may positively affect longevity-decreased levels of proapoptotic factors and increased levels of key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis. The alterations in levels of the proapoptotic factors and key regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis were not further improved by two other potential life-extending interventions-calorie restriction and visceral fat removal. This may attribute the primary role to GH resistance in the regulation of apoptosis and mitochondrial biogenesis in GHRKO mice in terms of increased life span.
Dense WDM (0.27 bit/s/Hz) 4 × 40 Gbit/s dispersion-managedtransmission over 10000 km with in-line optical regeneration bychannel pairs (2000)

4 × 40 Gbit/s wavelength division multiplexed, dispersion-managed transmission over transoceanic distances with a record spectral efficiency of 0.27 (bit/s)/Hz has been achieved using simultaneous in-line optical regeneration by a channel pair.
An Analysis and Recommendation for the Terms of the RECLAIM Trading Credit (1993)

The South Coast Air Quality Management District (AQMD) has proposed an annual RECLAIM Trading Credit (RTC) with uniform issue and compliance dates as the trading instrument for its market-based regulatory program. The proposed design for this instrument carries potential problems for both RECLAIM facilities and AQMD, including&#13;\nmarket imbalances, price volatility, economic inefficiencies, and an increase in ambient emission peaks. These problems result directly from the design of the instrument, and they can be alleviated through the selection of alternate design variables and a change in the allocation of RTCs to RECLAIM facilities. Both the problems and the effectiveness of the solutions have been tested and documented in experiments conducted in the Laboratory for Experimental Economics and Political Science at the California Institute of Technology.
Waterproof and breathable properties of nanoweb applied clothing (2011)

This study compared the waterproof and breathable properties of clothing made from an electrospun nanoweb with those made from a conventional waterproof-breathable fabric, in order to determine the optimal environment for using electrospun nanoweb laminate with the most favorable performance for outdoor clothing. The water resistance and water vapor transmittance of the fabrics were evaluated under a range of conditions that simulate the clothing microclimate. In addition, the clothing microclimate and subjective sensations were examined under normal and rainy atmospheric conditions. The results showed that the nanoweb laminate had a higher water vapor transmission rate but lower water resistance than the polytetrafluoroethylene laminate. Results from the water penetration tests however suggest that water resistance may be sufficient to prevent wetting by rain. The wearing test revealed that nanoweb laminated clothing provided a more comfortable clothing-microclimate than polytetrafluoroethylene laminated clothing in a normal, warm environment similar to that when the wearer is exercising or sweating. In the rainy test conditions, no difference was observed between the polytetrafluoroethylene and the nanoweb laminated clothing in any of the measured variables.
Vibrating Sharp‐edge Spray Ionization (VSSI) for voltage‐free direct analysis of samples using mass spectrometry (2018)

Overall, we report a compact ionization method based on vibrating sharp-edges. The simplicity and voltage-free nature of VSSI make it an attractive option for field portable applications or analyzing biological samples that are sensitive to high voltage or difficult to access by conventional ionization methods.
Longitudinal study of retinal status using optical coherence tomography after acute post-cataract endophthalmitis (2015)

Group Author(s): FRIENDS
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anti‐DNA Viral Activities in vitro of Certain 2,4‐ Disubstituted‐7‐(2‐deoxy‐2‐fluoro‐β‐D‐arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo(2, 3‐d)pyrimidine Nucleosides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Rab11a-enriched subapical membrane compartment regulates a cytoskeleton-dependent transcytotic pathway in secretory epithelial cells of the lacrimal gland (2011)

Despite observations that the lacrimal gland has been identified as the principal source of dimeric immunoglobulin A (dIgA) in tears, the mechanism used by lacrimal gland acinar cells (LGACs) to transcytose dIgA produced by interstitial plasma cells is not well-characterized. This study identifies a transcytotic pathway in LGACs regulated by Rab11a for polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) and dIgA. EGFP-tagged Rab11a expressed in primary LGACs labeled a unique membrane compartment of comparable localization to endogenous Rab11a beneath the apical plasma membrane. This compartment was enriched in pIgR and clearly distinct from the regulated secretory pathway. Comparison of dIgA uptake in LGACs expressing wild type and dominant negative EGFP-Rab11a showed that the rapid exocytosis of dIgA was inhibited in acini expressing the dominant-negative protein, which additionally redistributed subapical pIgR. The trafficking of EGFP-Rab11a-enriched vesicles was regulated by microtubule-based and myosin Vb motors at distinct steps. Our data suggest that Rab11a is a crucial regulator of dIgA trafficking in primary acinar secretory epithelial cells and further support a role for microtubules, cytoplasmic dynein, actin filaments and myosin Vb in the maintenance of the Rab11a compartment in this primary secretory epithelial cell.
The breakup of the intermediate gold aggregates (1995)

The synthesis of nanometer scale gold particles is well known historically. Stable and highly colored suspensions result from the reduction of gold cations in solution. But the formation of the gold particles is not monotonic, that is, the mechanism is not simply nucleation and growth. Rather, the pronounced color changes in the evolving suspension indicate that the mechanism is nucleation, aggregation, deaggregation, and growth. Until recently, the structure of the intermediate aggregate had been assumed to be an aggregation of primary particles, each 4-7 nm in diameter. HRTEM studies have shown that the intermediates are continuous ramified structures (Figure 1) which undergo a desintering process to form the final particles (~24-26 nm diameter). In this paper, we discuss a model which explains the role of the surfactant on the gold intermediate in the breakup of the intermediate structure. Gold colloids were prepared by reducing Au III Cl 3 (aq) with sodium citrate as in previous studies:
Abstract A25: TEM8 specific CAR T cells induce regression of patient-derived xenograft and metastatic models of triple-negative breast cancer (2018)

Abstract Lacking marked expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), and progesterone receptor (PR), triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a breast cancer subtype in desperate need of targeted therapy options. Tumor endothelial marker 8 (TEM8), initially identified as a tumor endothelium marker in colon cancer, has been shown to be upregulated in TNBC. To confirm this, we stained primary TNBC tissues for TEM8; in all cases TEM8 was expressed with no expression in normal breast tissue. TEM8 is expressed by TNBC cell lines as indicated by flow cytometry and Western blot. We thus engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to specifically target TEM8 in TNBC. TEM8 CAR T cells distinctly recognized TEM8, secreted immunostimulatory cytokines, and killed TEM8-positive TNBC cells in vitro. In vivo, the adoptive transfer of TEM8 CAR T cells induced regression against orthotopic patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models, including the aggressive claudin-low TNBC PDX, WHIM12. Systemic administration of TEM8 CAR T cells also induced regression against a lung metastasis TNBC model. In all models, treatment with TEM8 CAR T cells resulted in a survival advantage in mice compared to controls. Hence, TEM8 may serve as an attractive targeted immunotherapy of TNBC. Citation Format: Tiara Byrd, Kristen Fousek, Antonella Pignata, Christopher Szot, Heba Samaha, Lacey Dobrolecki, Htoo Zarni Oo, Poul Sorensen, Matthew Ellis, Michael Lewis, Meenakshi Hegde, Bradley Fletcher, Brad St. Croix, Nabil Ahmed. TEM8 specific CAR T cells induce regression of patient-derived xenograft and metastatic models of triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Breast Cancer Research; 2017 Oct 7-10; Hollywood, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2018;16(8_Suppl):Abstract nr A25.
Fluorescence fluctuation-based super-resolution microscopy using multimodal waveguided illumination (2021)

Photonic chip-based total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (c-TIRFM) is an emerging technology enabling a large TIRF excitation area decoupled from the detection objective. Additionally, due to the inherent multimodal nature of wide waveguides, it is a convenient platform for introducing temporal fluctuations in the illumination pattern. The fluorescence fluctuation-based nanoscopy technique multiple signal classification algorithm (MUSICAL) does not assume stochastic independence of the emitter emission and can therefore exploit fluctuations arising from other sources, as such multimodal illumination patterns. In this work, we demonstrate and verify the utilization of fluctuations in the illumination for super-resolution imaging using MUSICAL on actin in salmon keratocytes. The resolution improvement was measured to be 2.2-3.6-fold compared to the corresponding conventional images.
Solid-state detector stack for ToF-PET/MR (2009)

The integration of PET and MR imaging requires a novel type of highly integrated PET detector. To cope with geometric constraints and MR compliance a very compact detector stack was built within the HYPERImage consortium. This allows a four side buttable detector module design with a low dead space in between. The scintillation light coming from a LYSO array is converted in a SiPM sensor tile with a high packing fraction and a high photo detection efficiency to provide sub-ns time-of-flight timing resolution. The analog signals coming from the SiPM elements are digitized close to the sensor to minimize potential crosstalk. A custom mixed-signal ASIC was integrated on a 64 channel sensor stack which is powered and controlled by an FPGA interface board. The complete sensor stack is assembled and characterized to extract the PET relevant parameters, in particular energy, timing and spatial resolution for clinical and pre-clinical PET/MR applications.
Trypanosoma cruzi but not Trypanosoma brucei fails to induce a chemiluminescent signal in a macrophage hybridoma cell line (1991)

Macrophage-Trypanosoma cruzi interactions were studied by using a newly generated macrophage hybridoma cell line (2C11-12) that was selected for its capacity to produce high levels of reactive oxygen intermediates. This cell line was found to be a suitable host cell for T. cruzi, and intracellular parasitic development could be inhibited by activation with gamma interferon. When exposed to opsonized Trypanosoma brucei, Micrococcus lysodeikticus, or Legionella pneumophila, the activated macrophage cell line produces a high chemiluminescent signal, indicating the release of reactive oxygen intermediates. Alternatively, when opsonized T. cruzi was added to these activated macrophages, this parasite failed to stimulate a chemiluminescent response, suggesting an impairment in the triggering of the respiratory burst.
Why Intermediate Pyrolysis with Integrated Reforming Makes the Difference! (2018)

Biomass plants for a combined heat and power generation are in fierce competition with one another but also with non-biomass-based plants. In order to be able to survive in the markets of the future, this paper shows how a plant was developed and put into operation with the help of the future trends of biological transformation, interlaced process components and digitization: The Thermo-Catalytic Reforming (TCR®) process of bio-residues and wastes offers compared to the state of the art a product spectrum of significant higher quality. With the TCR technology hydrogen rich gas and storable high-grade liquid fuels are produced from solid residue biomass, which can be directly used for the production of power. An industrial plant was designed for a throughput of 300kg/h and an electrical output of 250 kW. The quality and purity of the products is an important factor for the successful long-term operation of the attached CHP-system.
Self-Efficacy Proxy Predicts Physical Frailty Incidence Over 8 Years in Non-Institutionalized Older Adults (2020)

Abstract Physical frailty is defined as a syndrome of decreased physiologic reserve conferring vulnerability to functional decline, mortality and other adverse outcomes in response to a stressor. One potential modifiable risk factor of frailty is self-efficacy, which is confidence in one’s ability to perform well at a task or domain in life. Self-efficacy is associated with improved health behavior and decreased chronic disease burden but has not been studied extensively in frailty research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate a general self-efficacy proxy measure’s ability to predict frailty in a nationally representative sample of older adults using data from the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) collected from 2011-2018. 4,835 older adults (65+) were dichotomized into low and high self-efficacy groups using the one-item self-efficacy proxy measure in NHATS. The Physical Frailty Phenotype was used to assess frailty. A discrete time hazard model was used to obtain incident hazard ratios of frailty in two models. Model 1 was adjusted for age, race, sex, education and income. Model 2 contained Model 1 covariates and activities of daily living and co-morbidities. We found that low self-efficacy predicted a 41% increased risk of developing frailty over 8 years after adjustment for socio-demographics (P&amp;lt;0.0001) and a 27% risk of incident frailty after further adjustment for activities of daily living and co-morbidities (P=0.004). This study provides preliminary evidence that self-efficacy may be a key modifiable element to incorporate into multi-modal frailty interventions.
Effect of Bin Time on the Photon Counting Histogram for One‐Photon Excitation (2005)

We have demonstrated that our photon counting histogram (PCH) model with the correction for one-photon excitation is valid at multiple bin times. The fitted apparent brightness and concentration follow the three-dimensional diffusion model. More importantly, the semi-empirical parameter, F, introduced in the PCH model for one-photon excitation to correct for the non-Gaussian shape of the observation volume, shows small variations with different bin times. These variations are consistent with the physical interpretation of F, and they do not affect the resolving power of the PCH model for one-photon excitation. Based on these findings, we extend the time-independent PCH analysis to time-dependent photon counting multiple histograms (PCMH). This model considers the effect of bin time on the PCH parameters in a way that is similar to fluorescence intensity multiple distribution analysis (FIMDA). From the same set of data, PCMH extracts time-dependent parameters (diffusion time and triplet-state relaxation time) as well as time-independent parameters (true specific brightness and true average number of molecules). Given a three- to fourfold experimental difference in molecular brightness, we find that PCMH can resolve each species in a two-species sample and extract their respective diffusion times even when fluorescence correlation spectroscopy cannot.
Effect Of Molecular Weight On Adhesive Properties Of The Phenylethynyl-Terminated Polyimide LARC(sup TM)-PETI-5 (1994)

Future civilian aircraft will require the use of advanced adhesive systems with high temperature capabilities. One such material has been developed at the NASA Langley Research Center, a phenylethynyl-terminated polyimide given the designation LARC(sup TM)-PETI-5. Recent work has shown the advantages of similar phenylethynyl-terminated polyimides as films, moldings, adhesives, and composite matrix resins. Phenylethynyl-terminated oligomers provide greater processing windows than materials which incorporate simple ethynyl endcaps. Since these low molecular weight, low melt viscosity oligomers thermally cure without the evolution of volatile by-products, they provide an excellent means of producing polymers with high glass transition temperatures, excellent solvent resistance, and high mechanical properties. Three different versions of LARC(sup TM)-PETI-5 with theoretical number average molecular weights (M(sub n)s) of 250, 5000, and 10000 g/mol were synthesized in this work. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements were performed on the dry powder form of these materials to establish cure conditions which result in high glass transition temperatures (T(sub g)s). Lap shear specimens were prepared from adhesive tape made from each material and with the thermal cure conditions determined from the DSC data. The tensile shear data established processing conditions which provided the best adhesive strengths. Further testing was performed to establish the properties of LARC(sup TM)-PETI-5 as an adhesive material and to determine its solvent resistance.