gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of layer thickness and alloy composition on carrier lifetimes in mid-wave infrared InAs/InAsSb superlattices (2014)

Measurements of carrier recombination rates using a time-resolved pump-probe technique are reported for mid-wave infrared InAs/InAs1−xSbx type-2 superlattices (T2SLs). By engineering the layer widths and alloy compositions, a 16 K band-gap of ≃235 ± 10 meV was achieved for all five unintentionally doped T2SLs. Carrier lifetimes were determined by fitting a rate equation model to the density dependent data. Minority carrier lifetimes as long as 10 μs were measured. On the other hand, the Auger rates for all the InAs/InAsSb T2SLs were significantly larger than those previously measured for InAs/GaSb T2SLs. The minority carrier and Auger lifetimes were observed to generally increase with increasing antimony content and decreasing layer thickness.
Catheter Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Drugs for Atrial Fibrillation (2008)

This randomized multicenter study demonstrates the superiority of catheter ablation over antiarrhythmic drugs in patients with AF with regard to maintenance of sinus rhythm and improvement in symptoms, exercise capacity, and quality of life.
Duration of neurological deficit and outcomes in the surgical treatment of spinal coccidioidomycosis (2023)

The duration of neurological deficits on presentation should not deter surgeons from operative intervention in cases of spinal coccidioidomycosis.
A particle filter for probabilistic dynamic relational domains (2012)

We propose a probabilistic logic programming framework for the state estimation problem in dynamic relational domains such as Russell and Norvig's wumpus world and its probabilistic variants. The framework is based on the recently introduced notion of distributional clauses, an extension of Sato's distribution semantics with continuous distributions. The key contribution of this paper is that we introduce a particle filter for use with distributional clauses in dynamic relational domains and an unknown number of objects. The particles represent (partial) interpretations or possible worlds (with discrete and/or continuous variables) and the filter recursively updates its beliefs about the current state. Probabilistic background knowledge can be used to determine which variables must be included in the partial interpretations and magic sets or backward reasoning are employed to compute these.
Effects of Fuel Volatility and Operating Conditions on Fuel Sprays in DISI Engines: (2) PDPA Investigation (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Optimal design of modern direct injection spark-ignition engines depends heavily on the characteristics and distribution of the fuel spray. This study was designed to compliment imaging experiments of changes in the spray structure due to fuel volatility and operating conditions. Use of phase-Doppler particle analysis (PDPA) allows quantitative point measurements of droplet diameter and velocity. In agreement with imaging experiments, the results show that the spray structure changes not only with ambient gas density, which is often measured, but also with fuel temperature and volatility. The mean droplet diameter was found to decrease substantially with increasing fuel temperature and decreasing ambient density. Under conditions of low potential for vaporization, the observed trends in mean droplet sizes agree with published correlations for pressure-swirl atomizers. Beyond a certain point, evaporation is rapid enough to increase the initial cone angle of the spray and cause a reduction in the mean droplet diameter. The reduction in diameter and the increase in initial cone angle are found to follow simple functions of the reduced vapor pressure of the fuel.&lt;/div&gt;
A novel allosteric means of inhibiting heat shock 70 proteins (2014)

The highly conserved heat shock 70 proteins (HSP70) play an integral role in the chaperone network where ATP-driven cycles of protein folding are carefully controlled. HSP70 dysregulation has been implicated in numerous diseases including cancer and neurodegeneration, however, elucidating the precise role of HSP70 in the cellular context using genetic tools are hampered by the redundancy and intricate regulation of the chaperone network. Through yeast chemogenomic profiling we identified a novel natural product, novolactone, with a unique means of altering HSP70 activity. The compound does not compete with ATP or HSP40, but allosterically inhibits HSP70 ATPase activity through a selective covalent interaction. Co-crystalization with novolactone reveals a novel binding pocket that is conserved between HSP70 and HSC70, and treatment of mammalian cells leads to degradation of HSP90 client proteins. Thus, this small molecule is a valuable tool to explore the cellular requirements for the heat shock 70 chaperones in a disease context.
Unravelling the Secrets of a Virus (2018)

Abstract By studying HIV infection, structural biologists are seeking to understand the interactions between the disease‐causing virus and its host. Will this result in new treatments? At the very least, it is shedding new light on fundamental cell mechanisms.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2007)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Apr 2007Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2006.12.021AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Advanced Ureteroscopy: Wireless and Sheathless 1 : Effect of ureteral access sheath on stone-free rates in patients undergoing ureteroscopic management of renal calculi. Urology2005; 66: 252. Google Scholar 2 : Ureteral access sheath provides protection against elevated renal pressures during routine flexible ureteroscopic stone manipulation. J Endourol2004; 18: 33. Google Scholar © 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4April 2007Page: 1366-1368 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Dispersion-controlled hollow core fiber for phase matched harmonic generation (1998)

We describe theoretically the performance of a new design for quasi-phase matched harmonic generation in a gas medium. A hollow core fiber in which thick glass plates are periodically introduced allows good phase control of the fundamental light. The generated x-rays are transmitted throught small holes in the plates. An increase of the harmonic yield of up to three orders of magnitude is predicted as a result of the structure. This esign can be considered as a phase-locked travelling-wave x-ray laser.
ns-time resolution for multispecies STED-FLIM and artifact free STED-FCS (2016)

Stimulated Emission Depletion (STED) Microscopy has evolved into a well established method offering optical superresolution below 50 nm. Running both excitation and depletion lasers in picosecond pulsed modes allows for highest optical resolution as well as fully exploiting the photon arrival time information using time-resolved single photon counting (TCSPC). Non-superresolved contributions can be easily dismissed through time-gated detection (gated STED) or a more detailed fluorescence decay analysis (FLIM-STED), both leading to an even further improved imaging resolution. Furthermore, these methods allow for accurate separation of different fluorescent species, especially if subtle differences in the excitation and emission spectra as well as the fluorescence decay are taken into account in parallel. STED can also be used to shrink the observation volume while studying the dynamics of diffusing species in Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy (FCS) to overcome averaging issues along long transit paths. A further unique advantage of STED-FCS is that the observation spot diameter can be tuned in a gradual manner enabling, for example, determining the type of hindered diffusion in lipid membrane studies. Our completely pulsed illumination scheme allows realizing an improved STED-FCS data acquisition using pulsed interleaved excitation (PIE). PIE-STED-FCS allows for a straightforward online check whether the STED laser has an influence on the investigated diffusion dynamics.
Atomic‐Scale Insights into the Interlayer Characteristics and Oxygen Reactivity of Bilayer Borophene (2023)

Bilayer (BL) two-dimensional boron (i.e., borophene) has recently been synthesized and computationally predicted to have promising physical properties for a variety of electronic and energy technologies. However, the fundamental chemical properties of BL borophene that form the foundation of practical applications remain unexplored. Here, we present atomic-level chemical characterization of BL borophene using ultrahigh vacuum tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (UHV-TERS). UHV-TERS identifies the vibrational fingerprint of BL borophene with angstrom-scale spatial resolution. The observed Raman spectra are directly correlated with the vibrations of interlayer boron-boron bonds, validating the three-dimensional lattice geometry of BL borophene. By virtue of the single-bond sensitivity of UHV-TERS to oxygen adatoms, we demonstrate the enhanced chemical stability of BL borophene compared to its monolayer counterpart by exposure to controlled oxidizing atmospheres in UHV. In addition to providing fundamental chemical insight into BL borophene, this work establishes UHV-TERS as a powerful tool to probe interlayer bonding and surface reactivity of low-dimensional materials at the atomic scale.
Recombineering to homogeneity: extension of multiplex recombineering to large‐scale genome editing (2013)

Abstract Recombineering has been an essential tool for genetic engineering in microbes for many years and has enabled faster, more efficient engineering than previous techniques. There have been numerous studies that focus on improving recombineering efficiency, which can be divided into three main areas: (i) optimizing the oligo used for recombineering to enhance replication fork annealing and limit proofreading; (ii) mechanisms to modify the replisome itself, enabling an increased rate of annealing; and (iii) multiplexing recombineering targets and automation. These efforts have increased the efficiency of recombineering several hundred‐fold. One area that has received far less attention is the problem of multiple chromosomes, which effectively decrease efficiency on a chromosomal basis, resulting in more sectored colonies, which require longer outgrowth to obtain clonal populations. Herein, we describe the problem of multiple chromosomes, discuss calculations predicting how many generations are needed to obtain a pure colony, and how changes in experimental procedure or genetic background can minimize the effect of multiple chromosomes.
Measurement of the cosmic ray and neutrino-induced muon flux at the Sudbury neutrino observatory (2009)

Results are reported on the measurement of the atmospheric neutrino-induced muon flux at a depth of 2 kilometers below the Earth's surface from 1229 days of operation of the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO). By measuring the flux of through-going muons as a function of zenith angle, the SNO experiment can distinguish between the oscillated and unoscillated portion of the neutrino flux. A total of 514 muonlike events are measured between $\ensuremath{-}1\ensuremath{\le}\mathrm{cos}﻿{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{zenith}}\ensuremath{\le}0.4$ in a total exposure of $2.30\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}\text{ }\mathrm{s}$. The measured flux normalization is $1.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09$ times the Bartol three-dimensional flux prediction. This is the first measurement of the neutrino-induced flux where neutrino oscillations are minimized. The zenith distribution is consistent with previously measured atmospheric neutrino oscillation parameters. The cosmic ray muon flux at SNO with zenith angle $\mathrm{cos}﻿{\ensuremath{\theta}}_{\mathrm{zenith}}&gt;0.4$ is measured to be $(3.31\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01(\mathrm{stat})\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.09(\mathrm{sys}))\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}10}\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}/\mathrm{s}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Tasisulam Sodium, an Antitumor Agent That Inhibits Mitotic Progression and Induces Vascular Normalization (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 400K&lt;/p&gt;
The role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the immuno-oncological therapy era (2023)

The optimal use of cytoreductive nephrectomy in metastatic RCC remains unclear, but certain subgroups of patients, on evaluation of post hoc and retrospective data, seem to benefit from surgical intervention.
A Multifunctional Therapy Approach for Cancer: Targeting Raf1- Mediated Inhibition of Cell Motility, Growth, and Interaction with the Microenvironment (2019)

Prostate cancer cells move from their primary site of origin, interact with a distant microenvironment, grow, and thereby cause death. It had heretofore not been possible to selectively inhibit cancer cell motility. Our group has recently shown that inhibition of intracellular activation of Raf1 with the small-molecule therapeutic KBU2046 permits, for the first time, selective inhibition of cell motility. We hypothesized that simultaneous disruption of multiple distinct functions that drive progression of prostate cancer to induce death would result in advanced disease control. Using a murine orthotopic implantation model of human prostate cancer metastasis, we demonstrate that combined treatment with KBU2046 and docetaxel retains docetaxel's antitumor action, but provides improved inhibition of metastasis, compared with monotherapy. KBU2046 does not interfere with hormone therapy, inclusive of enzalutamide-mediated inhibition of androgen receptor (AR) function and cell growth inhibition, and inclusive of the ability of castration to inhibit LNCaP-AR cell outgrowth in mice. Cell movement is necessary for osteoclast-mediated bone degradation. KBU2046 inhibits Raf1 and its downstream activation of MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 in osteoclasts, inhibiting cytoskeleton rearrangement, resorptive cavity formation, and bone destruction <i>in vitro</i>, with improved effects observed when the bone microenvironment is chemically modified by pretreatment with zoledronic acid. Using a murine cardiac injection model of human prostate cancer bone destruction quantified by CT, KBU2046 plus zoledronic exhibit improved inhibitory efficacy, compared with monotherapy. The combined disruption of pathways that drive cell movement, interaction with bone, and growth constitutes a multifunctional targeting strategy that provides advanced disease control.
Localized compliance of small airways in excised rat lungs using microfocal X-ray computed tomography (2004)

Airway compliance is a key factor in understanding lung mechanics and is used as a clinical diagnostic index. Understanding such mechanics in small airways physiologically and clinically is critical. We have determined the "morphometric change" and "localized compliance" of small airways under "near"-physiological conditions; namely, the airways were embedded in parenchyma without dehydration and fixation. Previously, we developed a two-step method to visualize small airways in detail by staining the lung tissue with a radiopaque solution and then visualizing the tissue with a cone-beam microfocal X-ray computed tomography system (Sera et al. J Biomech 36: 1587-1594, 2003). In this study, we used this technique to analyze changes in diameter and length of the same small airways ( approximately 150 microm ID) and then evaluated the localized compliance as a function of airway generation (Z). For smaller (<300-microm-diameter) airways, diameter was 36% larger at end-tidal inspiration and 89% larger at total lung capacity; length was 18% larger at end-tidal inspiration and 43% larger at total lung capacity than at functional residual capacity. Diameter, especially at smaller airways, did not behave linearly with V(1/3) (where V is volume). With increasing lung pressure, diameter changed dramatically at a particular pressure and length changed approximately linearly during inflation and deflation. Percentage of airway volume for smaller airways did not behave linearly with that of lung volume. Smaller airways were generally more compliant than larger airways with increasing Z and exhibited hysteresis in their diameter behavior. Airways at higher Z deformed at a lower pressure than those at lower Z. These results indicated that smaller airways did not behave homogeneously.
Antibodies from Rabbits Immunized with HIV-1 Clade B SOSIP Trimers Can Neutralize Multiple Clade B Viruses by Destabilizing the Envelope Glycoprotein (2021)

The high viral diversity of HIV-1 is a formidable hurdle for the development of an HIV-1 vaccine. Elicitation of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) would offer a solution, but so far immunization strategies have failed to efficiently elicit bNAbs. To overcome these obstacles, it is important to understand the immune responses elicited by current HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) immunogens. To gain more insight, we characterized monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) isolated from rabbits immunized with Env SOSIP trimers based on the clade B isolate AMC008. Four rabbits that were immunized three times with AMC008 trimer developed robust autologous and sporadic low-titer heterologous neutralizing responses. Seventeen AMC008 trimer-reactive MAbs were isolated using antigen-specific single B-cell sorting. Four of these MAbs neutralized the autologous AMC008 virus and several other clade B viruses. When visualized by electron microscopy, the complex of the neutralizing MAbs with the AMC008 trimer showed binding to the gp41 subunit with unusual approach angles, and we observed that their neutralization ability depended on their capacity to induce Env trimer dissociation. Thus, AMC008 SOSIP trimer immunization induced clade B-neutralizing MAbs with unusual approach angles with neutralizing effects that involve trimer destabilization. Optimizing these responses might provide an avenue to the induction of trimer-dissociating bNAbs. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Roughly 32 million people have died as a consequence of HIV-1 infection since the start of the epidemic, and 1.7 million people still get infected with HIV-1 annually. Therefore, a vaccine to prevent HIV-1 infection is urgently needed. Current HIV-1 immunogens are not able to elicit the broad immune responses needed to provide protection against the large variation of HIV-1 strains circulating globally. A better understanding of the humoral immune responses elicited by immunization with state-of-the-art HIV-1 immunogens should facilitate the design of improved HIV-1 vaccine candidates. We identified antibodies with the ability to neutralize multiple HIV-1 viruses by destabilization of the envelope glycoprotein. Their weak but consistent cross-neutralization ability indicates the potential of this epitope to elicit broad responses. The trimer-destabilizing effect of the neutralizing MAbs, combined with detailed characterization of the neutralization epitope, can be used to shape the next generation of HIV-1 immunogens to elicit improved humoral responses after vaccination.
Influence of Joule heating on current filaments induced by avalanche injection (2006)

The influence of Joule heating on current filaments evolving during the reverse recovery phase in high-power diodes is analysed by electro-thermal simulations. Depending on the turn-off conditions, transitions of the uniform current-density distribution into a quasi-static filament, a travelling filament, or a periodic current-density distribution may occur. Simulations show under which conditions a pure electronic mechanism or Joule heating may cause the evolution of travelling current filaments. In general, strong local heating favours the transition of static into travelling structures. Under certain conditions, the simultaneous activation of the electronic and the thermal mechanism may lead to the coexistence of filaments travelling with different velocities.
Early Microvascular Dysfunction in Healthy Normal-Weight Males With Heredity for Type 2 Diabetes (2005)

The pathogenesis behind diabetic microangiopathy is complex; both genetic (1–3) and metabolic factors (4–6) are clearly of importance. Recently, it has been demonstrated that not only patients with diabetes but also healthy individuals at risk for diabetes have functional vascular disturbances (7). These findings suggest that factors other than hyperglycemia are of importance for microvascular dysfunction. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether genetic factors (heredity for type 2 diabetes) are associated with disturbances in nutritive skin capillary circulation, nonnutritive skin microcirculation, and/or brachial macrocirculation.

Subjects were from the Stockholm Diabetes Prevention Program, a population-based study (8). Normal-weight men who were free of medication, who were nonsmokers, and who had normal oral glucose tolerance tests and insulin sensitivity as assessed by a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (9) were investigated. Ten men with heredity for type 2 diabetes were matched for age and BMI with 10 men without heredity. Heredity for type 2 diabetes was defined as known diabetes in at least two second-degree relatives (grandparent, uncle, or aunt) or in at least one first-degree relative in the generation of the proband (sister or brother) or the parents (8).

The investigations were performed in the …
Metformin enhances anti-tumor effect of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) inhibitor (2016)

By MTT assay, 0.5 mM metformin inhibited proliferation of Ca9-22 cells to 70% of control. In the presence of 100 μM JPH203, proliferation of Ca9-22 cells was inhibited to 60% of control. By combining these 2 drugs, proliferation of Ca9-22 was significantly inhibited to 40% of control. However, this regimen was not very effective against HEp-2 cells. This combination also suppressed in vivo growth of Ca9-22 cells in a xenotransplant model. A combination of anti-LAT1 drug with metformin may be an effective anti-proliferative therapy for certain subsets of cancers.
Effects of alpha-mangostin on the expression of anti-inflammatory genes in U937 cells (2012)

This study demonstrates that α-MG attenuates LPS-mediated activation of MAPK, STAT1, c-Fos, c-Jun and EIK-1, inhibiting TNF-α and IL-4 production in U937 cells.