gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Microwave Technology (2001)

A team associated with a Federal Laboratory, academia, and industry has been actively developing new microwave technology for treatment and remediation of a variety of potentially hazardous materials for almost a decade. This collaboration has resulted in unique equipment and processes with potential applicability to many fields, including disposition of electronic circuitry and components, medical wastes, radioactive materials and recycling of used tires.
Serum Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine Concentrations in Sepsis: Secondary Analysis of the Swiss Pediatric Sepsis Study (2022)

In this cohort of newborns and children with sepsis, low and deficient VitC and VitB1 levels were frequently observed. Age, systemic inflammation, and vitamin supplementation were associated with vitamin levels during sepsis.
Biology of the human malignant lymphomasIII. Intracranial heterotransplantation in the nude, athymic mouse (1976)

Intracranial heterotransplantation in the nude, athymic mouse has been found to be an effective method for the experimental growth of human malignant lymphomas. Transplants of 11 primary lymphomas and six derived cell lines yielded a high take rate (90%) and a low mean latent period (36 days). Relatively small inocula produced extensive intracerebral infiltrates which could be identified as human in origin by immunofluorescence. Although confined to the central nervous system and meninges, the tumors were highly invasive and displayed morphologic features strikingly similar to those of the original primary tumors. Heterotransplantation of the lymphomas to extracranial sites was only rarely successful. Nude mice previously grafted with isologous neonatal thymuses failed to develop intracerebral tumors. Secondary cell cultures successfully established from several of the intracranial heterotransplants were found to be infected with NIH type-C xenotropic virus. The distinctive growth patterns and other neuropathologic features of the heterotransplants are described, and the relevance of these observations to the development of intracerebral lymphomas in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients is noted. This method of studying human malignant lymphomas in vivo may permit better histopathologic characterization of the tumors, and may serve as a basis for further experimental lines of investigation, including viral, immunologic, and therapeutic studies.
Pulse Radiolytic Polarography: The Kinetics of the Oxidation of the Ethanol Radical at the Mercury Electrode (1973)

Abstract The ethanol radical was produced in N 2 O saturated, 2 · 10 −3 molar aqueous ethanol solutions by a 20 ns pulse of high energy electrons. The anodic current of the radical was recorded as a function of time at various potentials of the mercury electrode and at various p H‐values of the solution. The concentration of the radical in the bulk of solution as a function of time was simultaneously recorded by optical measurements. Analysis of the data shows that the electrode process is reversible in the 10 −5 s range at p H &gt; 12, i.e. when the base form of the radical is mainly present. Transfer rate constants of more than 1.0 cm s −1 are calculated. Below p H = 12, the electrode process becomes more irreversible with decreasing p H. The kinetics of the oxidation of the acid form of the radical is strongly influenced by its adsorption at the mercury electrode. The influence of electrochemically inactive adsorbed solutes is also investigated: Adsorbed sulfate ions strongly decrease the anodic current at potentials more positive than ‐ 0.5 V. Fluorid ions exert a less pronounced effect. Adsorbed alcohol molecules have a promoting effect on the oxidation of the ethanol radical.
Advances in materials and design for fiber amplifiers (2000)

Summary form only given. The erbium-doped optical amplifier moved very quickly from invention in 1987 to the cornerstone of high speed long-haul networks. The C-band amp (1530-1565 nm) is ubiquitous and is being augmented with L-band amps (1565 to 1610 nm) to support 80 channels. With the demand for transmission capacity continuing to explode, other technologies such as Raman are under development to fill in the low-loss transmission window of silica optical fiber.
Assessment of Cardiac Functions and Arrhythmia in Children with Beta-Thalassemia Major and Beta-Thalassemia Intermedia (2022)

BACKGROUND: Heart disease is a major complication in thalassemic patients. Heart injuries in iron overload cases include arrhythmia, pulmonary hypertension, systolic/diastolic dysfunction, and heart failure. AIM: This study aimed to assess cardiac functions and arrhythmia in children with β-thalassemia major (TM) and β-thalassemia intermedia (TI) and its relation to cardiac iron overload. METHODS: Thirty β-TM patients and 30 β-TI patients were evaluated using echocardiography and 24-h ambulatory electrocardiogram monitoring (Holter). Among these patients, 15 β-TM and 15 β-TI patients were evaluated using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging T2* by single breath-hold multi-echo technique. RESULTS: Arrhythmia was detected significantly more in β-TM patients than β-TI (p = 0.049). Nine (30%) β-TM and five (16.6%) β-TI patients had Sinus tachycardia. Two (6.7%) β-TM patients compared to one (3.33%) β-TI patient had supraventricular tachycardia runs. Three (10%) β-TM and one (3.33%) β-TI patient had extreme sinus tachycardia. Two (3.3%) β-TI patients had sinus bradycardia, while two (3.3%) β-TM patients had incomplete Right bundle branch block. Regarding echo parameters: Isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT), Left ventricle myocardial performance index (MPI LV), Right ventricle myocardial performance index (MPI RV) and end systolic pulmonary artery pressure, were significantly higher in β-TM than TI group (p &lt; 0.05). Fractional shortening, Ejection fraction were significantly lower in β-TM than TI group (p &lt; 0.001). A statistically significant negative correlation was found between cardiac T2* and each of (IVRT, MPI LV, MPI RV) (p ˂ 0.05). CONCLUSION: Arrhythmias are more common in the β-TM group. Systolic, diastolic dysfunction and high pulmonary pressure are more prevalent in TM than in TI. Global myocardial performance is more impaired in TM than in TI patients. Iron overload has a deleterious effect on cardiac function.
Hyperpolarized MR Imaging: Neurologic Applications of Hyperpolarized Metabolism (2009)

Hyperpolarization is the general term for a method of enhancing the spin-polarization difference of populations of nuclei in a magnetic field. No less than 5 distinct techniques (dynamic nuclear polarization [DNP]; parahydrogen-induced polarization-parahydrogen and synthesis allow dramatically enhanced nuclear alignment [PHIP-PASADENA]; xenon/helium polarization transfer; Brute Force; (1)H hyperpolarized water) are currently under exhaustive investigation as means of amplifying the intrinsically (a few parts per million) weak signal intensity used in conventional MR neuroimaging and spectroscopy. HD-MR imaging in vivo is a metabolic imaging tool causing much of the interest in HD-MR imaging. The most successful to date has been DNP, in which carbon-13 ((13)C) pyruvic acid has shown many. PHIP-PASADENA with (13)C succinate has shown HD-MR metabolism in vivo in tumor-bearing mice of several types, entering the Krebs-tricarboxylic acid cycle for ultrafast detection with (13)C MR imaging, MR spectroscopy, and chemical shift imaging. We will discuss 5 promising preclinical studies: (13)C succinate PHIP in brain tumor; (13)C ethylpyruvate DNP and (13)C acetate; DNP in rodent brain; (13)C succinate PHIP versus gadolinium imaging of stroke; and (1)H hyperpolarized imaging. Recent developments in clinical (13)C neurospectroscopy encourage us to overcome the remaining barriers to clinical HD-MR imaging.
Genistein Induces Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation through Activation of Multiple Signaling Pathways and Prevents Insulin-Deficient Diabetes in Mice (2010)

Genistein, a flavonoid in legumes and some herbal medicines, has various biological actions. However, studies on whether genistein has an effect on pancreatic beta-cell function are very limited. In the present study, we investigated the effect of genistein on beta-cell proliferation and cellular signaling related to this effect and further determined its antidiabetic potential in insulin-deficient diabetic mice. Genistein induced both INS1 and human islet beta-cell proliferation after 24 h of incubation, with 5 mum genistein inducing a maximal 27% increase. The effect of genistein on beta-cell proliferation was neither dependent on estrogen receptors nor shared by 17beta-estradiol or a host of structurally related flavonoid compounds. Pharmacological or molecular intervention of protein kinase A (PKA) or ERK1/2 completely abolished genistein-stimulated beta-cell proliferation, suggesting that both molecules are essential for genistein action. Consistent with its effect on cell proliferation, genistein induced cAMP/PKA signaling and subsequent phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in both INS1 cells and human islets. Furthermore, genistein induced protein expression of cyclin D1, a major cell-cycle regulator essential for beta-cell growth. Dietary intake of genistein significantly improved hyperglycemia, glucose tolerance, and blood insulin levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, concomitant with improved islet beta-cell proliferation, survival, and mass. These results demonstrate that genistein may be a natural antidiabetic agent by directly modulating pancreatic beta-cell function via activation of the cAMP/PKA-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway.
All-carbon-nanotube flexible multi-electrode array for neuronal recording and stimulation (2013)

Neuro-prosthetic devices aim to restore impaired function through artificial stimulation of the nervous system. A lingering technological bottleneck in this field is the realization of soft, micron sized electrodes capable of injecting enough charge to evoke localized neuronal activity without causing neither electrode nor tissue damage. Direct stimulation with micro electrodes will offer the high efficacy needed in applications such as cochlear and retinal implants. Here we present a new flexible neuronal micro electrode device, based entirely on carbon nanotube technology, where both the conducting traces and the stimulating electrodes consist of conducting carbon nanotube films embedded in a polymeric support. The use of carbon nanotubes bestows the electrodes flexibility and excellent electrochemical properties. As opposed to contemporary flexible neuronal electrodes, the technology presented here is both robust and the resulting stimulating electrodes are nearly purely capacitive. Recording and stimulation tests with chick retinas were used to validate the advantageous properties of the electrodes and demonstrate their suitability for high-efficacy neuronal stimulation applications.
Real-Time Radiance Fields for Single-Image Portrait View Synthesis (2023)

We present a one-shot method to infer and render a photorealistic 3D representation from a single unposed image (e.g., face portrait) in real-time. Given a single RGB input, our image encoder directly predicts a canonical triplane representation of a neural radiance field for 3D-aware novel view synthesis via volume rendering. Our method is fast (24 fps) on consumer hardware, and produces higher quality results than strong GAN-inversion baselines that require test-time optimization. To train our triplane encoder pipeline, we use only synthetic data, showing how to distill the knowledge from a pretrained 3D GAN into a feedforward encoder. Technical contributions include a Vision Transformer-based triplane encoder, a camera data augmentation strategy, and a well-designed loss function for synthetic data training. We benchmark against the state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating significant improvements in robustness and image quality in challenging real-world settings. We showcase our results on portraits of faces (FFHQ) and cats (AFHQ), but our algorithm can also be applied in the future to other categories with a 3D-aware image generator.
Optimized complementary waveform subsets within an FM noise radar CPI (2018)

Complementary codes are known to provide theoretically zero sidelobes under the conditions of zero Doppler and an ideal (distortion-free) transmitter. In contrast, the design of complementary FM (Comp-FM) waveforms is demonstrated here using gradient-based optimization of polyphase-coded FM (PCFM). It is shown that these waveforms are inherently more robust to Doppler than codes and, being FM, are also naturally amenable to high-power transmitters. Further, distinct subsets of complementary waveforms are used in the coherent processing interval (CPI) of FM noise radar where they can be pre-summed on receive to reduce the overall sidelobe level. Because each subset is different, the presence of non-zero Doppler and/or transmitter distortion cause the rate of sidelobe reduction to revert to that achieved by FM noise radar, which is still linear with the number of pulses. The performance of these complementary waveforms is demonstrated in simulation and through free-space experimental measurements.
Positioning framework for WLAN 802.11n utilizing Kalman filter on received signal strength (2014)

Location information has become crucial in many circumstances such as rescue operations, emergencies, navigation, and tracking. Furthermore, with the deployment of the wireless communication networks and the mobility that characterizes the wireless communication users, positioning information has become a great interest. Location tracking, based on received signal strength indicators (RSSI), is a cost efficient method to gather location information. However, RSSI suffers from estimation errors due to shadowing. In this paper, a positioning framework for location tracking in WLAN IEEE 802.11n networks has been proposed which is transparent to accuracy improvement technologies. Furthermore, a novel Kalman filter implementation is presented. The implementation brings advantages over the most common approach “extended Kalman filter” in terms of computational efforts and does not require the linearization steps. The positioning framework and the proposed implementation of the Kalman filter have been evaluated on experimental data using Monte Carlo simulation.
A new distributed MAC algorithm for large wireless Ad-hoc networks (2009)

We present a new collision free medium access control algorithm suitable for large ad-hoc network. The algorithm is iterative and distributed, i.e., each node acquires, stores and processes only information related to its neighbors. Given a random set of nodes requesting access to the common medium during each timeslot, the algorithm attempts to allow the largest fraction of nodes to do so, subject to a ¿no-collision¿ requirement. We use the average fraction of nodes allowed access out of the nodes requesting access, as the figure of merit of the algorithm. We find this value through simulations, and compare with the results of the centrally controlled algorithm described in by Cidon and Sidi. We show that in many scenarios, two iterations of the iterative algorithm are sufficient to produce comparable results.
Optimization of a Collagen-Targeted PET Probe for Molecular Imaging of Pulmonary Fibrosis (2017)

There is a large unmet need for a simple, accurate, noninvasive, quantitative, and high-resolution imaging modality to detect lung fibrosis at early stage and to monitor disease progression. Overexpression of collagen is a hallmark of organ fibrosis. Here, we describe the optimization of a collagen-targeted PET probe for staging pulmonary fibrosis. <b>Methods:</b> Six peptides were synthesized, conjugated to a copper chelator, and radiolabeled with <sup>64</sup>Cu. The collagen affinity of each probe was measured in a plate-based assay. The pharmacokinetics and metabolic stability of the probes were studied in healthy rats. The capacity of these probes to detect and stage pulmonary fibrosis in vivo was assessed in a mouse model of bleomycin-induced fibrosis using PET imaging. <b>Results:</b> All probes exhibited affinities in the low micromolar range (1.6 μM < Kd < 14.6 μM) and had rapid blood clearance. The probes showed 2- to 8-fold-greater uptake in the lungs of bleomycin-treated mice than sham-treated mice, whereas the distribution in other organs was similar between bleomycin-treated and sham mice. The probe <sup>64</sup>Cu-CBP7 showed the highest uptake in fibrotic lungs and the highest target-to-background ratios. The superiority of <sup>64</sup>Cu-CBP7 was traced to a much higher metabolic stability compared with the other probes. The specificity of <sup>64</sup>Cu-CBP7 for collagen was confirmed by comparison with a nonbinding isomer. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>64</sup>Cu-CBP7 is a promising candidate for in vivo imaging of pulmonary fibrosis.
In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy Observation of Crack Initiation and Propagation in Hydroxide Films Formed by Steam Coating on Aluminum-Alloy Sheets (2020)

Hydroxide film was formed on 6061 Al-alloy (Al-1.00Mg-0.62Si(wt.%)) sheets by steam coating with the temperature of 220 °C for 24 h. During bending test of the coated specimens, the crack initiation and propagation processes in the hydroxide film were investigated using in situ SEM observations. The hydroxide film formed exhibited a dual-layer structure composed of an inner amorphous layer and an outer polycrystalline γ-AlO(OH)-phase layer. On the compressively strained surface, lateral cracks are preferentially initiated inside the inner amorphous layer, and propagate either inside this layer or on its interface with the outer γ-AlO(OH) layer. Digital image correlation analyses of the in situ observed SEM images suggested that the concentrated tensile strain along the surface normal localized at some parts of the amorphous layer could contribute to the crack initiation. On the tensile-strained surface, a number of cracks were initiated inside the inner amorphous layer along the surface normal and propagate into the outer γ-AlO(OH) layer. No cracks were found along the interface of the amorphous layer with the Al-alloy substrate. As a result, the anticorrosion hydroxide film adhered on the Al sheet after bending deformation. Such strong adhesion contributes to the excellent corrosion resistance of the Al-alloy parts provided by the steam coating.
Functionalization of substituted 2(1H)‐pyridones. V. The synthesis of 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐3,5‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid derivatives through a novel dianion route (1984)

Abstract A new pyridone dianion was prepared by halogen‐metal exchange from 5‐bromo‐1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐3‐pyrid‐inecarboxylic acid, t ‐butyl ester and two equivalents of n ‐butyllithium. This 1,5‐dianion readily reacted at C 5 with electrophiles. Quenching with carbon dioxide gave the previously unreported 1,2‐dihydro‐2‐oxo‐3,5‐pyridine dicarboxylic acid, 3‐ t ‐butyl ester. The 5‐carboxyl groups were selectively converted to the ethyl ester and the ethyl amide through the 5‐imidazolide. The 3‐ t ‐butyl ester was easily removed from all derivatives with acid hydrolysis.
DoA Estimation Using Low-Resolution Multi-Bit Sparse Array Measurements (2021)

This letter studies the problem of Direction of Arrival (DoA) estimation from low-resolution few-bit quantized data collected by Sparse Linear Array (SLA). In such cases, contrary to the one-bit quantization case, the well known arcsine law cannot be employed to estimate the covaraince matrix of unquantized array data. Instead, we develop a novel optimization-based framework for retrieving the covaraince matrix of unquantized array data from low-resolution few-bit measurements. The MUSIC algorithm is then applied to an augmented version of the recovered covariance matrix to find the source DoAs. The simulation results show that increasing the sampling resolution to 2 or 4 bits per samples could significantly increase the DoA estimation performance compared to the one-bit sampling regime while the power consumption and implementation costs is still much lower in comparison to the high-resolution sampling implementations.
Measuring Exhaled Breath Condensates in Infants (2005)

There is growing interest in investigating compounds of exhaled breath condensates (EBC) as potential noninvasive markers of airways disease processes. Some of these markers have the potential to provide information on the early stages of disease. In this paper, we present a method for collecting EBC during both oral and nasal breathing in infants. Fifty-four infants (mean age, 13.3 months; range, 1-30 months) undergoing infant lung-function testing were recruited for this study. Breath condensates were collected during sedated sleep, using a custom-made collection device. Collections were made for 10 min during normal tidal breathing. Nasal measurements were attempted in all children by placing a face-mask over the nose and mouth and keeping the mouth closed. In 14 infants, oral measurements were made by placing a face-mask over the mouth only and occluding the nose. Condensates were collected successfully in all but one child. The collected volume ranged from 50-550 microl (mean +/- SD, 281.8 +/- 145.8 microl). The volume of EBC collected was correlated to age, length, weight, and minute ventilation. Significantly more EBC was collected during oral compared to nasal breathing (354.3 vs. 277.5 microl, P=0.03). There were no significant changes in heart rate, respiratory rate, or oxygen saturation during collection. The collection of EBC in young children and infants is feasible and safe, and the method used here allows the successful collection of reasonable amounts of exhaled condensate.
Comprehensive and quantitative profiling of lipid species in human milk, cow milk and a phospholipid‐enriched milk formula by GC and MS/MSALL (2015)

: Milk lipid analysis is routinely performed using gas chromatography. This method reports the total fatty acid composition of all milk lipids, but provides no structural or quantitative information about individual lipid molecules in milk or milk products. Here we present a workflow that integrates gas chromatography for fatty acid profiling and a shotgun lipidomics routine termed MS/MS<sup>ALL</sup> for structural analysis and quantification of molecular lipid species. We demonstrate the efficacy of this complementary workflow by a comparative analysis of molecular lipid species in human milk, cow milk, and a milk-based supplement used for infant formula.
Ni-Catalyzed Electrochemical Decarboxylative C–C Couplings in Batch and Continuous Flow (2018)

An electrochemically driven, nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide esters with aryl halides is reported. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions in a divided electrochemical cell and employs a tertiary amine as the reductant. This decarboxylative C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-C(sp<sup>2</sup>) bond-forming transformation exhibits excellent substrate generality and functional group compatibility. An operationally simple continuous-flow version of this transformation using a commercial electrochemical flow reactor represents a robust and scalable synthesis of value added coupling process.