gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual reference feedback tuning for knee joint position control using functional electrical stimulation (2001)

This paper deals with design of a feedback controller for knee joint movement of paraplegics using functional electrical stimulation of the paralysed quadriceps muscle group. The applied controller design approach, Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT), is directly based on open loop measured data and fits the controller in such a way that the closed loop meets a model reference objective. Omitting the system identification step reduces the time required for controller design significantly. The controller will also not be affected by system identification errors. In the case of a controlled neuroprosthesis, the time spent to adjust the controller represents an important issue since rapid fatigue of electrically stimulated muscles and the interest in the well-being of the patient do not allow long lasting open loop tests for identification data collection and time consuming modelling procedures. However, due to the day-to-day change of the neuro-musculoskeletal system, an update of the controller parameters dependent on currently measured open loop Input/Output data is highly to recommend. In this sense, VRFT gives an useful alternative to model-based control as the determination of a suitable controller in less time is guaranteed.
Heritability of 596 lipid species and genetic correlation with cardiovascular traits in the Busselton Family Heart Study (2020)

CVD is the leading cause of death worldwide, and genetic investigations into the human lipidome may provide insight into CVD risk. The aim of this study was to estimate the heritability of circulating lipid species and their genetic correlation with CVD traits. Targeted lipidomic profiling was performed on 4,492 participants from the Busselton Family Heart Study to quantify the major fatty acids of 596 lipid species from 33 classes. We estimated narrow-sense heritabilities of lipid species/classes and their genetic correlations with eight CVD traits: BMI, HDL-C, LDL-C, triglycerides, total cholesterol, waist-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. We report heritabilities and genetic correlations of new lipid species/subclasses, including acylcarnitine (AC), ubiquinone, sulfatide, and oxidized cholesteryl esters. Over 99% of lipid species were significantly heritable (h<sup>2</sup>: 0.06-0.50) and all lipid classes were significantly heritable (h<sup>2</sup>: 0.14-0.50). The monohexosylceramide and AC classes had the highest median heritabilities (h<sup>2</sup> = 0.43). The largest genetic correlation was between clinical triglycerides and total diacylglycerol (r<sub>g</sub> = 0.88). We observed novel positive genetic correlations between clinical triglycerides and phosphatidylglycerol species (r<sub>g</sub>: 0.64-0.82), and HDL-C and alkenylphosphatidylcholine species (r<sub>g</sub>: 0.45-0.74). Overall, 51% of the 4,768 lipid species-CVD trait genetic correlations were statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. This is the largest lipidomic study to address the heritability of lipids and their genetic correlation with CVD traits. Future work includes identifying putative causal genetic variants for lipid species and CVD using genome-wide SNP and whole-genome sequencing data.
Condensational Growth of Ultrafine Aerosol Particles in a New Particle Size Magnifier (1984)

A new particle size magnifier (PSM) has been manufactured. In order to evaluate the performance of the PSM, the condensational growth of ultrafine aerosol particles in a supersaturated dibutyl phthalate vapor-air mixture is investigated theoretically and experimentally. First, the supersaturation ratio, the condensable DBP vapor content, and the critical size of the particle that will grow in the PSM are calculated for the mixing of hot air containing the DBP vapor with normal-temperature vapor-free air. Then the time dependence of the droplet radius during condensational growth is evaluated by numerically solving the basic equation under various conditions. From the results it is found that at higher particle number concentrations, the final droplet radii can be determined by the particle number concentration and the condensable DBP vapor content, but that at lower concentrations the particle growth can be approximated by the growth of the isolated droplet. Finally, size distributions of grown DBP droplets in the PSM are determined by sedimentational size analysis and electrical particle size analysis. Good agreement is seen between the experimental results and the previous theoretical analyses, and the overall performance of the PSM is revealed.
A PROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF TIME TO NORMALIZATION OF SERUM TESTOSTERONE AFTER WITHDRAWAL OF ANDROGEN DEPRIVATION THERAPY (2000)

Androgen deprivation has an effect on serum testosterone that extends beyond the cessation of treatment. Serum testosterone should be measured in all men until normalization. These results should be applied to the interpretation of PSA levels after withdrawal of androgen deprivation therapy. In addition, these data have implications regarding dose scheduling and definition of biochemical (PSA) failure after primary therapy.
A Blinking Mesoporous TiO2−x Composed of Nanosized Anatase with Unusually Long‐Lived Trapped Charge Carriers (2020)

A mesoporous TiO<sub>2-x</sub> material comprised of small, crystalline, vacancy-rich anatase nanoparticles (NPs) shows unique optical, thermal, and electronic properties. It is synthesized using polymer-derived mesoporous carbon (PDMC) as a template. The PDMC pores serve as physical barriers during the condensation and pyrolysis of a titania precursor, preventing the titania NPs from growing beyond 10 nm in size. Unlike most titania nanomaterials, during pyrolysis the NPs undergo no transition from the anatase to rutile phase and they become catalytically active reduced TiO<sub>2-x</sub> . When exposed to a slow electron beam, the NPs exhibit a charge/discharge behavior, lighting up and fading away for an average period of 15 s for an extended period of time. The NPs also show a 50 nm red-shift in their UV/Vis absorption and long-lived charge carriers (electrons and holes) at room temperature in the dark, even long after UV irradiation. The NPs as photocatalysts show a good activity for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction.
A possible structural model of the SmC*beta phase (1999)

The so-called chiral smectic C-beta (SmC*beta) phase has been reported as distinct from the SmC* phase in several materials that exhibit antiferroelectric liquid crystal mesophases and subphases. The SmC*beta phase is known to be chiral, tilted and to exhibit ferrielectric switching, but no structure had been suggested which explains these effects. This paper presents a possible structure for the SmC*beta phase which can explain the ferrielectric properties. The model is proposed on the basis of complementary optical, electric and X-ray diffraction studies of a chiral liquid crystal. The layer spacing, optical and steric tilt and spontaneous polarization over the temperature range of the SmC*beta phase are described. The complementary experimental techniques used reveal the occurrence of inversion phenomena, on which this model is based.
Purification, characterization, and amino acid composition of rabbit pulmonary bleomycin hydrolase (1987)

Bleomycin (BLM) hydrolase, a protective enzyme that inactivates the antitumor antibiotic BLM, was purified (6000-fold) to homogeneity from rabbit lungs by DEAE-Sephacel, phenyl-Sepharose chromatography, BLM-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and Mono Q fast protein liquid chromatography. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 250,000 daltons as demonstrated by Superose gel permeation chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under native conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-PAGE revealed a single band of 50,000 daltons, suggesting a pentameric structure. The Km and Vmax for BLM A2 were 1.3 mM and 5.9 mumol mg-1 h-1, respectively. BLM hydrolase activity was labile, had a half-life of 25 min at 56 degrees C, 10 h at 37 degrees C, and 5 days at 4 degrees C, and was stabilized by 2 mM dithiothreitol. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 7.0-7.5 and was inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, leupeptin, puromycin, and divalent cations such as Cu2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Co2+ but was unaffected by chelating agents. On the basis of Mono P chromatofocusing chromatography, three isoforms of BLM hydrolase (apparent pI's of 5.3, 4.5, and 4.3) were present in rabbit pulmonary cytosol. The elution profiles of BLM hydrolase from phenyl-Sepharose and Mono P chromatofocusing indicated that this enzyme is hydrophobic and acidic. This was confirmed by amino acid composition analysis, which demonstrated that 48% of the total amino acids of bleomycin hydrolase were hydrophobic and 37% were acidic.
Structure, Magnetism, and Electrochemistry of the Multinickel Polyoxoanions [Ni6As3W24O94(H2O)2]17-, [Ni3Na(H2O)2(AsW9O34)2]11-, and [Ni4Mn2P3W24O94(H2O)2]17- (2003)

The three novel, multi-nickel-substituted heteropolytungstates [Ni(6)As(3)W(24)O(94)(H(2)O)(2)](17)(-) (1), [Ni(3)Na(H(2)O)(2)(AsW(9)O(34))(2)](11)(-) (2), and [Ni(4)Mn(2)P(3)W(24)O(94)(H(2)O)(2)](17)(-) (3) have been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, electrochemistry, and magnetic studies. Single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out on Na(16.5)Ni(0.25)[Ni(6)As(3)W(24)O(94)(H(2)O)(2)].54H(2)O, which crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 17.450(4) A, b = 17.476(4) A, c = 22.232(4) A, alpha = 85.73(3) degrees, beta = 89.74(3) degrees, gamma = 84.33(3) degrees, and Z = 2, Na(11)[Ni(3)Na(H(2)O)(2)(AsW(9)O(34))(2)].30.5H(2)O, which crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 12.228(2) A, b = 16.743(3) A, c = 23.342(5) A, alpha = 78.50(3) degrees, beta = 80.69(3) degrees, gamma = 78.66(3) degrees, and Z = 2, and Na(17)[Ni(4)Mn(2)P(3)W(24)O(94)(H(2)O)(2)].50.5H(2)O, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2(1)/c, with a = 17.540(4) A, b = 22.303(5) A, c = 35.067(7) A, beta = 95.87(3) A, and Z = 4. Polyanion 1 consists of two B-alpha-(Ni(3)AsW(9)O(40)) Keggin moieties linked via a unique AsW(6)O(16) fragment, leading to a banana-shaped structure with C(2)(v)() symmetry. The mixed-metal tungstophosphate 3 is isostructural with 1. Polyanion 2 consists of two lacunary B-alpha-[AsW(9)O(34)](9)(-) Keggin moieties linked via three nickel(II) centers and a sodium ion. Electrochemical studies show that 1-3 exhibit a unique and reproducible voltammetric pattern and that all three compounds are stable in a large pH range. An investigation of the magnetic properties of 1-3 indicates that the exchange interactions within the trimetal clusters are ferromagnetic. However, for 1 and 3 intra- and intermolecular interactions between different trinuclear clusters are also present.
Simulation Intelligence: Towards a New Generation of Scientific Methods (2021)

The original "Seven Motifs" set forth a roadmap of essential methods for the field of scientific computing, where a motif is an algorithmic method that captures a pattern of computation and data movement. We present the "Nine Motifs of Simulation Intelligence", a roadmap for the development and integration of the essential algorithms necessary for a merger of scientific computing, scientific simulation, and artificial intelligence. We call this merger simulation intelligence (SI), for short. We argue the motifs of simulation intelligence are interconnected and interdependent, much like the components within the layers of an operating system. Using this metaphor, we explore the nature of each layer of the simulation intelligence operating system stack (SI-stack) and the motifs therein: (1) Multi-physics and multi-scale modeling; (2) Surrogate modeling and emulation; (3) Simulation-based inference; (4) Causal modeling and inference; (5) Agent-based modeling; (6) Probabilistic programming; (7) Differentiable programming; (8) Open-ended optimization; (9) Machine programming. We believe coordinated efforts between motifs offers immense opportunity to accelerate scientific discovery, from solving inverse problems in synthetic biology and climate science, to directing nuclear energy experiments and predicting emergent behavior in socioeconomic settings. We elaborate on each layer of the SI-stack, detailing the state-of-art methods, presenting examples to highlight challenges and opportunities, and advocating for specific ways to advance the motifs and the synergies from their combinations. Advancing and integrating these technologies can enable a robust and efficient hypothesis-simulation-analysis type of scientific method, which we introduce with several use-cases for human-machine teaming and automated science.
Effective medium approach to the dynamic optical response of a graded index plasmonic nanoparticle (2012)

The optical response of graded index spherical particles is studied using an effective medium approach, where the homogenization of the graded particle is achieved by using a static effective dielectric function available in the literature. Full-wave calculation using the standard Mie theory for this “homogenized system” shows that for a plasmonic particle, such an approximation can lead to highly-accurate results compared to the exact ones, especially for slowly and smoothly varying index profiles. An illustration is provided via an application of this method to the design of an optical cloak using a graded plasmonic coating based on the scattering cancellation scheme. This approach thus surpasses the various long-wavelength approximations currently available in the literature and provides an efficient numerical treatment of light scattering from these inhomogeneous particles without having to solve directly the Maxwell’s equations with spatially varying dielectric functions.
IL-8 as Antibody Therapeutic Target in Inflammatory Diseases: Reduction of Clinical Activity in Palmoplantar Pustulosis (2008)

IL-8 is a chemokine that has been implicated in a number of inflammatory diseases involving neutrophil activation. HuMab 10F8 is a novel fully human mAb against IL-8, which binds a discontinuous epitope on IL-8 overlapping the receptor binding site, and which effectively neutralizes IL-8-dependent human neutrophil activation and migration. We investigated whether interference in the cytokine network by HuMab 10F8 might benefit patients suffering from palmoplantar pustulosis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Treatment of patients with HuMab 10F8 was well tolerated and significantly reduced clinical disease activity at all five endpoints, which included a >or=50% reduction in the formation of fresh pustules. IL-8 neutralization was monitored at the site of inflammation by assessing exudates of palmoplantar pustulosis lesions. HuMab 10F8 sequestered IL-8 in situ, as observed by rapid dose-dependent decreases of IL-8 concentrations immediately following Ab infusion. These data demonstrate a critical role for IL-8 in the pathophysiology of palmoplantar pustulosis. HuMab 10F8 is capable of interrupting IL-8 activity in vivo and represents a candidate for treatment of inflammatory diseases and other pathological conditions associated with IL-8 overproduction.
Regulation of NF-kappa B and cell death by bacterial gingipains (2020)

Abstract The role of non-caspase proteases in the regulation of programmed cell death is relatively under-studied. In this short communication, we report that infection of human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells ex vivo by Porphyromonas gingivalis rapidly activated NF-kappa B, an antiapoptotic player; PI3 kinase was also induced, and together, they inhibited apoptosis. Later, pro-apoptotic cellular genes, including caspases, were induced. Apoptosis was evidenced by the degradation of nuclear DNA and activation of caspases. Unexpectedly, a P. gingivalis mutant that lacked all three major gingipain proteases was defective in promoting apoptosis, which was consistent with the cleavage of procaspase-3 to the active form by the culture supernatant of wild type P. gingivalis , but not that of the triple protease mutant. These results suggest that cellular death in the P. gingivalis -infected gum may be orchestrated by gingipain-regulated apoptotic factors.
Controlled/Living Free-Radical Polymerization of Styrene and n-Butyl Acrylate in the Presence of a Novel Asymmetric Nitroxyl Radical (1998)

A novel nitroxyl radical containing a diethyl phosphonate group in the β-position to the nitrogen atom has been used as radical scavenger in free radical polymerization. In the presence of this stable free-radical, styrene and n-butyl acrylate undergo controlled / « living » polymerization. The samples of polystyrene (PS) and poly (n-butyl acrylate) (PBuA) obtained in this way exhibit a narrow Poisson-type distribution of molar masses.
Multiple Access Management Protocol (2016)

A communication network includes an access network element that
delivers data to/from the user and an associated core network element
providing connectivity with the application servers. Multiconnectivity
scenarios are common where a device can be simultaneously connected to
multiple communication networks based on different technology
implementations and network architectures like WiFi, LTE, DSL. A smart
combination and selection of access and core network paths that can
dynamically adapt to changing network conditions can improve quality
of experience for a user in a multiconnectivity scenario and improve
overall network utilization and efficiency. This document presents the
problem statement and proposes solution principles. It specifies the
requirements and reference architecture for a multi access management
services framework that can be used to flexibly select the best
combination of uplink and downlink access and core network paths,
ensuring better network efficiency and enhanced application
performance.
Exosomes et immunothérapie antitumorale (2003)

Les exosomes sont des vesicules de 60 a 90 nm issues des endosomes tardifs et secretees par la plupart des cellules hematopoietiques et epitheliales in vitro. La capacite immunogenique des exosomes de lymphocytes B a ete decrite pour la premiere fois en 1996. Nous avons demontre que les exosomes de cellules dendritiques (DEX) sont immunogenes chez la souris et capables d‘induire un rejet de tumeur. De plus, les exosomes de cellules dendritiques humaines activent les lymphocytes T in vitro en transferant des complexes CMH I\peptides a des cellules presentatrices d‘antigenes. Compte tenu de ces donnees, et suite a la mise au point d‘une methode de purification de grade clinique (composition proteique definie, purete, sans endotoxine), une etude de phase I a ete menee entre l‘Institut Gustave‐Roussy (IGR) et l‘institut Curie dans le melanome metastatique afin de determiner la faisabilite et la toxicite d‘un tel traitement. Dans cette revue, nous definirons les exosomes d‘un point de vue physicochimique et nous expliquerons comment nous les produisons en routine ; enfin un description de leur bioactivite sera faite et l‘essai clinique de phase I mene a l‘IGR et a l‘institut Curie sera succinctement decrit.
Systemic administration of adrenomedullin(27-52) increases bone volume and strength in male mice (2001)

Adrenomedullin is a 52-amino acid peptide first described in a human phaeochromocytoma but since been found to be present in many tissues, including the vascular system and bone. Because of its structural similarity to amylin and calcitonin gene-related peptide, both of which have actions on bone cells, we have previously assessed the effects of adrenomedullin on the skeleton, and found that it increases osteoblast proliferation in vitro and bone formation following local injection in vivo. The present study carries this work forward by assessing the effects on bone of the systemic administration of a fragment of this peptide lacking the structural requirements for vasodilator activity. Two groups of 20 adult male mice received 20 injections of human adrenomedullin(27-52) 8.1 microg or vehicle over a 4-week period and bone histomorphometry and strength were assessed. In the tibia, adrenomedullin(27-52) produced increases in the indices of osteoblast activity, osteoid perimeter and osteoblast perimeter (P<0.05 for both using Student's t-test). Osteoclast perimeter was not affected. There was a 21% increase in cortical width and a 45% increase in trabecular bone volume in animals treated with adrenomedullin(27-52) (P<0.002 for both). Assessment of bone strength by three-point bending of the humerus showed both the maximal force and the displacement to the point of failure were increased in the animals treated with adrenomedullin(27-52) (P<0.03 for both). There was also a significant increase in the thickness of the epiphyseal growth plate. No adverse effects of the treatment were noted. It is concluded that adrenomedullin(27-52) acts as an anabolic agent on bone. These findings may be relevant to the normal regulation of bone mass and to the design of agents for the treatment of osteoporosis.
Abstract 4368: PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibition as a feasible strategy for treatment of resistant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (2018)

Abstract Our studies in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) cell lines demonstrate hyper-activation of the Rho GTPase effector p21 activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) salvage pathway rate limiting enzyme nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT). The PAK4 protein is known to regulate a myriad of signaling proteins in the mTOR pathway including mTORC1, mTORC2, PI3K, and IGF-1. Similarly, NAMPT is recognized to regulate mTOR through energy sensor protein, AMPK. In this study, pNET cell lines QGP-1 and Bon-1 were subjected to either PAK4 RNA interference (RNAi), PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibitors (the clinical compound KPT-9274 or an analog KPT-7523) or the PAK4 specific inhibitor, PF-3738309 and NAMPT specific inhibitor FK866 in the presence or absence of mTOR inhibitors (everolimus or INK128). Gene expression profiling and phospho-proteomic analyses were performed to capture molecular changes post single or combination treatments. The anti-tumor activity of KPT-9274-everolimus was evaluated in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model derived from QGP-1 and Bon-1 cells. PAK4 RNAi suppressed proliferation and restored everolimus sensitivity in pNET cell lines. The dual inhibitors were effective in reducing proliferation and inducing apoptosis. KPT-9274 or KPT-7523 could synergistically enhance the anti-tumor activity of everolimus or INK128 in pNET cell lines [CI &amp;lt;1]. Molecular analysis of the combination treatment showed down-regulation of known everolimus resistance drivers such as mTORC1, mTORC2, PI3K, ERK, FAK, RICTOR, β-catenin and IGF-1. In addition, KPT-9274 and analogs suppressed the steady state level of NAD and ATP. Importantly, KPT-9274 given i.v. or orally at the maximum tolerated dose (140 mg/kg, once/day for 5 days/week for 4 weeks) dramatically inhibited the growth of QGP-1 and Bon-1 tumors. This is the first study demonstrating the role of PAK4 and NAMPT in pNETs. KPT-9274 is currently in a Phase I trial of patients with advance solid malignancies or NHL (NCT02702492). Our pre-clinical work establishes a solid rationale for a Phase II clinical study of KPT-9274 and an mTOR inhibitor combination for the treatment of difficult to treat pNETs. Citation Format: Gabriel Mpilla, Irfana Muqbil, Amro Aboukameel, Philip A. Philip, William Senapedis, Erkan Baloglu, Yosef Landesman, Michael Kauffman, Sharon Shacham, Ramzi M. Mohammad, Asfar S. Azmi. PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibition as a feasible strategy for treatment of resistant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4368.
Inhibition of Jun NH2-Terminal Kinases Suppresses the Growth of Experimental Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2007)

JNK activity is commonly increased in HNSCC. Our preclinical results provide a rationale for evaluating JNK inhibition as an approach to treating HNSCC.