gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fuels and methods of making the same (2023)

The present disclosure relates to a method that includes a first treating of a first mixture that includes a carboxylic acid having between 2 and 12 carbon atoms, inclusively, to form a second mixture that includes a ketone having between 2 and 25 carbon atoms, inclusively, and a second treating of at least a first portion of the second mixture to form a first product that includes a paraffin having 8 or more carbon atoms.
Advanced chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) through organocatalytic aminolysis (2012)

We report the effective organocatalysis of the aminolytic depolymerization of waste poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) using 1,5,7-triazabicyclo[4.4.0]dec-5-ene (TBD) producing a broad range of crystalline terephthalamides. This diverse set of monomers possesses great potential as building blocks for high performance materials with desirable thermal and mechanical properties deriving from the terephthalic moiety and amide hydrogen bonding. Further, a computational study established mechanistic insight into self-catalyzed and organocatalyzed aminolysis of terephthalic esters, suggesting that the bifunctionality of TBD particularly concerning activation of the carbonyl group differentiates TBD from other organic bases.
Two accurate sequence, structure, and phylogenetic template-based RNA alignment systems (2013)

Both CRWAlign programs can be used to align the very extensive amount of RNA sequencing that is generated due to the rapid next-generation sequencing technology. This latter technology is augmenting the new paradigm that RNA is intimately implicated in a significant number of functions within the cell. In addition, the use of bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing in the identification of the microbiome in many different environmental systems creates a need for rapid and highly accurate alignment of bacterial 16S rRNA sequences.
Some mixed character sum identities of Katz II (2016)

A conjecture connected with quantum physics led N. Katz to discover some amazing mixed character sum identities over a field of q elements, where q is a power of a prime p &gt; 3. His proof required deep algebro-geometric techniques, and he expressed interest in finding a more straightforward direct proof. The first author recently gave such a proof of his identities when q = 1 (mod 4), and this paper provides such a proof for the remaining case q = 3 (mod 4). Our proofs are valid for all characteristics p &gt; 2. Along the way we prove some elegant new character sum identities.
CT in Children With Suspected Residual Foreign Body in Airway After Bronchoscopy (2009)

CT after bronchoscopy can provide additional information regarding the presence and pattern of bronchial obstruction in children with a suspected residual foreign body.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Diels‐Alder Reactions with (R)‐Ethoxy p‐ Tolyl Vinyl Sulfonium Tetrafluoroborate. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of rotary transformer concepts for high-speed applications (2013)

In many applications electrical energy has to be transferred to rotating parts. Usually a cylindrical transformer with a rotating and a stationary part is used, which are separated by a small air gap. In order to achieve a high magnetic coupling, on both parts a highly permeable core material is employed. In high-speed applications the diameter of the rotary transformer should be small since the mechanical stresses can be high. Therefore, a high electrical frequency has to be selected. This high switching frequency would result in high core losses; ferrite would be the best suited material. However, ferrite is brittle and has a limited mechanical strength. Therefore, in this paper two concepts of rotary transformers are analyzed, where no core material is used on the rotating part. The major advantage of these concepts is a simple and mechanically robust design with a lightweight construction resulting in very small unbalanced mass.
Long-term follow up of the FL2000 study comparing CHVP-interferon to CHVP-interferon plus rituximab in follicular lymphoma (2013)

Anti-CD20-containing chemotherapy regimens have become the standard of care for patients with follicular lymphoma needing cytotoxic therapy. Four randomized trials demonstrated a clinical benefit for patients treated with rituximab. However, no long-term follow up (i.e. > 5 years) of these trials is yet available. Between May 2000 and May 2002, 358 newly diagnosed patients with high tumor burden follicular lymphoma were randomized to receive cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, etoposide and prednisolone plus interferon-α2a or a similar chemotherapy-based regimen plus rituximab, and outcome was up-dated. With a median follow up of 8.3 years, addition of rituximab remained significantly associated with prolonged event-free survival (primary end point) (P=0.0004) with a trend towards a benefit for overall survival (P=0.076). The Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index score was strongly associated with outcome for both event-free and overall survival in univariate analysis and its prognostic value remained highly significant after adjusting for other significant covariates in multivariate models (P<0.0001 and P=0.001, respectively). Considering long-term toxicity, the addition of rituximab in the first-line setting was confirmed as safe with regards to development of secondary malignancies. Long-term follow up of patients with follicular lymphoma treated in the FL2000 study confirms the sustained clinical benefit of rituximab without long-term toxicity.
Coded apertures for three-dimensional position measurement (1998)

A new optical improvement for image-guided surgical navigation employs coded apertures to measure with submillimeter accuracy the 3D locations of surgical instruments equipped with point light sources relative to a patient. The system consists of multiple angular sensors to measure the position of each light source in several angular dimensions. Each sensor includes a coded aperture to image the light from the point source onto a linear charge-coupled device (CCD) detector array. A coded aperture consists of spatially redundant slits of various widths. This replaces the cylindrical optics or single precision slit which has been used heretofore to focus light from the point source into a linear image crossing the CCD. Although cylindrical lenses have adequate light-gathering capability and tolerate dust, off-axis focus is a major problem. A slit has excellent depth of field and focus but forms a dim image, and dust affects accuracy. A coded aperture combines the advantages of slits and lenses, but does require computing the correlation function using the wide image and a corresponding kernel. The peak in the correlation determines the angular position of the point light source. Sub-pixel accuracy is achieved by interpolation near the correlation peak. Image magnification problems are solved by sing scaled kernels.
A Framework for Multicast in Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (2018)

This document provides a framework for supporting multicast traffic in
a network that uses Network Virtualization over Layer 3 (NVO3). Both
infrastructure multicast and application-specific multicast are
discussed. It describes the various mechanisms that can be used for
delivering such traffic as well as the data plane and control plane
considerations for each of the mechanisms.
Hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: an observational study in two international centers (2017)

Based on 5 years of data, we demonstrate that lipid metabolism and nutritional status were better in HD patients. However, blood pressure control, acid-base balance, phosphate (P) control were better in PD patients. The main cause of death in HD and PD was cerebral vascular disease and infection, respectively. Considering the dialysis vintage, the Kaplan-Meier patient survival was similar between HD and PD patients.
An Active Contour Method for Bone Cement Reconstruction From C-Arm X-Ray Images (2011)

A novel algorithm is presented to segment and reconstruct injected bone cement from a sparse set of X-ray images acquired at arbitrary poses. The sparse X-ray multi-view active contour (SxMAC-pronounced "smack") can 1) reconstruct objects for which the background partially occludes the object in X-ray images, 2) use X-ray images acquired on a noncircular trajectory, and 3) incorporate prior computed tomography (CT) information. The algorithm's inputs are preprocessed X-ray images, their associated pose information, and prior CT, if available. The algorithm initiates automated reconstruction using visual hull computation from a sparse number of X-ray images. It then improves the accuracy of the reconstruction by optimizing a geodesic active contour. Experiments with mathematical phantoms demonstrate improvements over a conventional silhouette based approach, and a cadaver experiment demonstrates SxMAC's ability to reconstruct high contrast bone cement that has been injected into a femur and achieve sub-millimeter accuracy with four images.
The Importance of Confined Sulfur Nanodomains and Adjoining Electron Conductive Pathways in Subreaction Regimes of Li‐S Batteries (2017)

Abstract Polysulfide dissolution into the electrolyte and poor electric conductivity of elemental sulfur are well‐known origins for capacity fading in lithium–sulfur batteries. Various smart electrode designs have lately been introduced to avoid these fading mechanisms, most of which demonstrate significantly improved cycle life. Nevertheless, an in‐depth understanding on the effect of sulfur microstructure and nanoscale electron transport near sulfur is currently lacking. In this study, the authors report an organized nanocomposite comprising linear sulfur chains and oleylamine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide ( O ‐rGO) to achieve robust cycling performance (81.7% retention after 500 cycles) as well as to investigate the reaction mechanism in different regimes, i.e., S 8 dissolution, polysulfide conversion, and Li 2 S formation. In the nanocomposite, linear sulfur chains terminate with 1,3‐diisopropylbenzene are covalently linked to O ‐rGO. The comparison with control samples that do not contain either the capping of sulfur chains or O ‐rGO reveals the synergistic interplay between both treatments, simultaneously unveiling the distinct roles of confined sulfur nanodomains and their adjoining electron pathways in different reaction regimes.
New Drugs for Bacillus Calmette Guérin-Unresponsive Nonmuscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (2022)

For intermediate- and high-risk nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy is the standard adjuvant treatment following transurethral resection of bladder tumor. Although intravesical BCG therapy improves disease progression and bladder preservation in most patients, there are still a considerable number of BCG-unresponsive cases, for whom radical cystectomy (RC) is the recommended salvage treatment option. However, RC is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, and alternative treatment options are needed. New approaches, such as intravesical chemotherapy, device-assisted treatments, immune checkpoint inhibitors, viral gene therapy, antibody-drug conjugates, fibroblast growth factor receptor inhibitors, and other novel agents are being investigated. This review aims to provide an overview of the recent trials for BCG-unresponsive NMIBC.
Box in the Box: Joint 3D Layout and Object Reasoning from Single Images (2013)

In this paper we propose an approach to jointly infer the room layout as well as the objects present in the scene. Towards this goal, we propose a branch and bound algorithm which is guaranteed to retrieve the global optimum of the joint problem. The main difficulty resides in taking into account occlusion in order to not over-count the evidence. We introduce a new decomposition method, which generalizes integral geometry to triangular shapes, and allows us to bound the different terms in constant time. We exploit both geometric cues and object detectors as image features and show large improvements in 2D and 3D object detection over state-of-the-art deformable part-based models.
El cambio conformacional en el TCR detecta la fortaleza del ligando en células T maduras y en timocitos (2009)

[Español] El receptor para el antígeno de células T (TCR) es el encargado de reconocer los péptidos antigénicos enmarcados en una molécula del complejo principal de histocompatibilidad propio (MHC). Una característica única del TCR es su habilidad&#13;\npara explorar los ligandos de MHCp estructuralmente similares y transmitir diferencialmente las señales bioquímicas dependiendo de la fortaleza del reconocimiento del ligando. Durante el desarrollo tímico, los ligandos fuertes inducen la selección negativa provocando la muerte por apoptosis de los clones autorreactivos. Sin embargo, son los ligandos débiles los que inducen la selección positiva y permiten al timocito sobrevivir y seguir madurando. En periferia, las células T maduras únicamente son activadas por ligandos fuertes. El proceso más temprano descrito en la activación de las células T vía TCR es un cambio conformacional en CD3ε dependiente de ligando. En este trabajo se ha comparado la respuesta a ligandos con distinta afinidad por el TCR en células T maduras de periferia y timocitos inmaduros referidos a la inducción del cambio conformacional. Tanto la estimulación in vitro como in vivo de las células T maduras e inmaduras con ligandos&#13;\nde alta afinidad inducen el cambio conformacional en el TCR. Es decir, la&#13;\nrespuesta de los timocitos y las células T maduras frente a agonistas fuertes es&#13;\nigual en sus primeras etapas de activación.
Comparing Machine Learning Approaches for Table Recognition in\n Historical Register Books (2019)

We present in this paper experiments on Table Recognition in hand-written\nregistry books. We first explain how the problem of row and column detection is\nmodeled, and then compare two Machine Learning approaches (Conditional Random\nField and Graph Convolutional Network) for detecting these table elements.\nEvaluation was conducted on death records provided by the Archive of the\nDiocese of Passau. Both methods show similar results, a 89 F1 score, a quality\nwhich allows for Information Extraction. Software and dataset are open\nsource/data.\n
Direct-band-gap Ga(NAsP)-material system pseudomorphically grown on GaP substrate (2006)

Compressively strained Ga(NAsP) multi-quantum-well heterostructures with As concentration above 85% have been grown pseudomorphically on GaP substrates by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. Detailed structural analysis applying high-resolution x-ray diffraction proves the high crystalline perfection of the samples. Optical spectroscopy appyling photoluminescence and excitation spectroscopy verify the direct-band-gap characteristic of this novel material system. The comparison of the experimental data with elemental calculations via the band anticrossing model demonstrates that the formation of direct band structure can be understood by the strong bowing of the band gap energy typical for diluted III-V nitrides.
Deep Proximal Unfolding For Image Recovery from Under-Sampled Channel Data in Intravascular Ultrasound (2022)

Intravascular UltraSound (IVUS) is a key tool in guiding the treatment and diagnosis of various coronary heart diseases. However, due to its nature IVUS is a very challenging modality to interpret, and suffers from a severely restricted data transfer rate. This forces a trade-off between temporal and spatial resolution. Here, we propose a model-based deep learning solution that aims to reconstruct images from data that has been beamformed by under-sampling the number of channels by a factor of 4. By exploiting the physics based measurement model, we achieve better performance and consistency in our predictions when compared to benchmark models. This lowers the computational load on existing hardware and enables in exploring our ability to run multiple visualisation modalities simultaneously, without a loss of temporal resolution.
VABO: Violation-Aware Bayesian Optimization for Closed-Loop Control Performance Optimization with Unmodeled Constraints (2021)

We study the problem of performance optimization of closed-loop control systems with unmodeled dynamics. Bayesian optimization (BO) has been demonstrated effective for improving closed-loop performance by automatically tuning controller gains or reference setpoints in a model-free manner. However, BO methods have rarely been tested on dynamical systems with unmodeled constraints. In this paper, we propose a violation-aware BO algorithm (VABO) that optimizes closed-loop performance while simultaneously learning constraint-feasible solutions. Unlike classical constrained BO methods which allow an unlimited constraint violations, or safe BO algorithms that are conservative and try to operate with near-zero violations, we allow budgeted constraint violations to improve constraint learning and accelerate optimization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed VABO method for energy minimization of industrial vapor compression systems.
Efficacy of anti‐insulin‐like growth factor I receptor monoclonal antibody cixutumumab in mesothelioma is highly correlated with insulin growth factor‐I receptor sites/cell (2012)

Insulin growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) is expressed in mesothelioma and therefore an attractive target for therapy. The antitumor activity of cixutumumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody to IGF-IR, in mesothelioma and relationship to IGF-IR expression was investigated using eight early passage tumor cells obtained from patients, nine established cell lines and an in vivo human mesothelioma tumor xenograft model. Although IGF-IR expression at the mRNA and protein level was present in all mesothelioma cells, using a quantitative ELISA immunoassay, there was considerable variability of IGF-IR expression ranging from 1 to 14 ng/mg of lysate. Using flow cytometry, the number of IGF-IR surface receptors varied from ≈ 2,000 to 50,000 sites/cell. Cells expressing >10,000 sites/cell had greater than 10% growth inhibition when treated with cixutumumab (100 μg/ml). Cixutumumab also induced antibody-dependent cell-mediated toxicity (>10% specific lysis) in cell lines, which had >20,000 IGF-IR sites/cell. Treatment with cixutumumab decreased phosphorylation of IGF-IR, Akt and Erk in cell lines, H226 and H28 having 24,000 and 51,000 IGF-IR sites/cell, respectively, but not in the cell line H2052 with 3,000 IGF-IR sites/cell. In vivo, cixutumumab treatment delayed growth of H226 mesothelioma tumor xenografts in mice and improved the overall survival of these mice compared to mice treated with saline (p < 0.004). Our results demonstrate that the antitumor efficacy of cixutumumab including inhibition of IGF-IR downstream signaling is highly correlated with IGF-IR sites/cell. A phase II clinical trial of cixutumumab is currently ongoing for the treatment of patients with mesothelioma.
Simultaneous Observation of Molecular Contamination Behavior in Semiconductor Clean room Using Quartz Crystal Microbalance (2004)

To search the cause and mechanism of the molecular contamination trouble that sometimes occurs in the semiconductor manufacturing, we developed a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) molecular contamination monitoring system that is able to carry out two-dimensional simultaneous observation with a high sensitivity. As the result of long-term simultaneous observation of different QCM sensor surface materials in an operating semiconductor clean room, it has been understood that QCM can monitor the changes in the molecular contamination environment very sensitively. We observed for the first time the emission phenomenon of molecular contamination that is discharged from equipments synchronizing with the process sequence by observation of the QCM system. Moreover, the phenomena of NO x in a clean room air of less than 100 ppb promoting the adsorption of the molecular contaminants were observed. The multipoint continuous monitoring of the clean room atmosphere by the QCM system was shown to be very effective in the clarification of the cause of molecular contamination trouble.
[The detection and analysis of leptospiral DNA in patients' serum of early leptospirosis by polymerase chain reaction and DNA hybridization with digoxigenin-AMPPD]. (1992)

We have detected and analysed the leptospiral DNA in serum of patients with early Leptospirosis from the epidemic area of China by PCR and DNA hybridization with Digoxigenin (Dig)-3-(2'-Spiroadamantane)-4-methoxy-4-(3"-phosphoryloxy)- phenyl-1,2-dioxetane (AMPPD) to develop a sensitive, specific and reliable technique for the early diagnosis of leptospirosis, and full satisfactory results have obtained. Fourteen serum specimens from patients with leptospirosis proven by blood culture and serological test were prepared according to Boom's methods for PCR test, and oligonucleotide primers, named G1 G2, were obtained from a genomic library of leptospira interrogans. PCR amplification with serum specimens was performed. Each cycle of amplification consisted of denaturation at 94 degrees C for 1 min, annealing at 55 degrees C for 1 min and elongation at 72 degrees C for 2 min. Each sample was subjected to 32 cycles. The amplified DNA were separated by electrophoresis with 2% agarose gel and hybridized with the homologous DNA probe labelling with Dig-AMPPD by means of Southern blotting. All of 14 samples revealed the presence of leptospira and the strong signals were visualized with homologous DNA probe hybridization by Southern blotting. Negative and positive controls appeared correctly. The DNA fragment generated from PCR amplification homologically hybridized with the DNA of 16 strains which are from Yasudas' genomic species and represent the different genomic groups of leptospires. The single recognized band (about 400 bps) from 6 out of the 16 strains has come out which are representative of the principal strains in Sichuan, China.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Cyclopropanation of Homoallylic Alcohols. Formal Attachment of a Cyclopropane to a Preexisting Ring. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.