gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase-transfer catalytic activity of polymer-supported macrocyclic polyethers (1984)

Polymer-supported crown-ethers 9 and 11 (4.5-62% ring substitution) have been obtained by the reaction of 1% crosslinked chloromethylated polystyrenes with (hydroxymethyl) and (ω-hydroxynonyl)-18-crown-6, respectively. (Hydroxymethyl) and (ω-hydroxynonyl) [2.2.2] cryptands have also been prepared and linked in a similar way to afford catalysts 10 and 12 (3-6% ring substitution). Condensation of (aminomethyl) and (ω-aminodecyl [2.2.2] crypands with carboxylated 1% crosslinked polystyrene gave catalysts 13 and 14 (5-20% ring substitution). Phase-transfer catalytic activity of polymer-supported crown-ethers and cryptands has been tested in anion promoted nucleophilic aliphatic substitutions, and compared with that of polymer-supported phosphonium salts. The results indicate that catalytic activity of crown-ethers strongly depends on the combination of three parameters: the nature of the nucleophile, the percent ring substitution, and the presence of a spacer chain. Catalytic activity of cryptands is higher than that of crown-ethers and quaternary salts with similar percent ring substitution. It is much less dependent on the nature of the anions and on the presence of a spacer chain. As for the related quaternary salts, phase-transfer reactions promoted by polymer-supported crown-ethers and cryptands follow a mechanism identical with that observed for soluble catalysts: the reactions occur in the organic shell surrounding a complexed ligand; anions are exchanged at the water-organic solvent interface, the exchange not requiring the concomitant transfer of cationic counterparts.
Effect of Hf alloy in ZrOx gate insulator for solution processed a-IZTO thin film transistors (2018)

We report the effect of Hf alloy in ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> (HZO) gate insulator on the performance and stability of solution-processed amorphous indium-zinc-tin oxide (a-IZTO) thinfilm transistors (TFTs). The Hf concentration in ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> is varied from 0% to 50 %. The optimized concentration is found to be 10% and the TFT with 10% HfZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> exhibits the saturation mobility of 4.76 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , a subthreshold swing of 70 mV/dec., and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> current ratio of ~108. The TFT has no hysteresis and a small threshold voltage shift of 0.44 V upon positive-bias-stress at 5 V for 1 h. The improvements are due to the decrease in V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> (O vacancy)and -OH concentrations and the increase in M-O-M (M: metal) bond concentration at the a-IZTO/HZO interface. This is related with the diffusion of Hf into the a-IZTO active layer by the average concentration of 1.44 at. %.
How stimulation frequency and intensity impact on the long-lasting effects of coordinated reset stimulation (2018)

Several brain diseases are characterized by abnormally strong neuronal synchrony. Coordinated Reset (CR) stimulation was computationally designed to specifically counteract abnormal neuronal synchronization processes by desynchronization. In the presence of spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) this may lead to a decrease of synaptic excitatory weights and ultimately to an anti-kindling, i.e. unlearning of abnormal synaptic connectivity and abnormal neuronal synchrony. The long-lasting desynchronizing impact of CR stimulation has been verified in pre-clinical and clinical proof of concept studies. However, as yet it is unclear how to optimally choose the CR stimulation frequency, i.e. the repetition rate at which the CR stimuli are delivered. This work presents the first computational study on the dependence of the acute and long-term outcome on the CR stimulation frequency in neuronal networks with STDP. For this purpose, CR stimulation was applied with Rapidly Varying Sequences (RVS) as well as with Slowly Varying Sequences (SVS) in a wide range of stimulation frequencies and intensities. Our findings demonstrate that acute desynchronization, achieved during stimulation, does not necessarily lead to long-term desynchronization after cessation of stimulation. By comparing the long-term effects of the two different CR protocols, the RVS CR stimulation turned out to be more robust against variations of the stimulation frequency. However, SVS CR stimulation can obtain stronger anti-kindling effects. We revealed specific parameter ranges that are favorable for long-term desynchronization. For instance, RVS CR stimulation at weak intensities and with stimulation frequencies in the range of the neuronal firing rates turned out to be effective and robust, in particular, if no closed loop adaptation of stimulation parameters is (technically) available. From a clinical standpoint, this may be relevant in the context of both invasive as well as non-invasive CR stimulation.
Muscadine Grape Skin Extract (MPX) in Men with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> MuscadinePlus (MPX), a commercial preparation of pulverized muscadine grape skin, was evaluated as a therapeutic option for men with biochemically recurrent (BCR) prostate cancer wishing to defer androgen deprivation therapy.<b>Experimental Design:</b> This was a 12-month, multicenter, placebo-controlled, two-dose, double-blinded trial of MPX in 125 men with BCR prostate cancer, powered to detect a PSA doubling time (PSADT) difference of 6 months (low dose) and 12 months (high dose) relative to placebo. Participants were stratified (baseline PSADT, Gleason score) and randomly assigned 1:2:2 to receive placebo, 500 mg MPX (low), or 4,000 mg MPX (high) daily. Correlates included superoxide dismutase-2 (<i>SOD2</i>) genotype, lipid peroxidation, and polyphenol pharmacokinetics.<b>Results:</b> The evaluable population included 112 patients, all treated for at least 6 months and 62% treated for 12 months. No significant difference was found in PSADT change between control and treatment arms (<i>P</i> = 0.81): control 0.9 months (<i>n</i> = 20; range, 6.7-83.1), low dose 1.5 months (<i>n</i> = 52; range, 10.3-87.2), high dose 0.9 months (<i>n</i> = 40; range, 27.3-88.1). One high-dose patient experienced objective response. No drug-related CTCAE grade 3-4 adverse events were seen. In a preplanned exploratory analysis, PSADT pre-to-post increase was significant in the 27 (26%) genotyped patients with <i>SOD2</i> Alanine/Alanine genotype (rs4880 T>C polymorphism) on MPX (pooled treatment arms; 6.4 months, <i>P</i> = 0.02), but not in control (1.8 months, <i>P</i> = 0.25).<b>Conclusions:</b> Compared with placebo, MPX did not significantly prolong PSADT in BCR patients over two different doses. Exploratory analysis revealed a patient population with potential benefit that would require further study. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 306-15. ©2017 AACR</i>.
X-ray magnetic circular dichroism study of epitaxial magnetite ultrathin film on MgO(100) (2015)

The spin and orbital magnetic moments of the Fe3O4 epitaxial ultrathin film synthesized by plasma assisted simultaneous oxidization on MgO(100) have been studied with X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The ultrathin film retains a rather large total magnetic moment, i.e., (2.73 ± 0.15) μB/f.u., which is ∼70% of that for the bulk-like Fe3O4. A significant unquenched orbital moment up to 0.54 ± 0.05 μB/f.u. was observed, which could come from the symmetry breaking at the Fe3O4/MgO interface. Such sizable orbital moment will add capacities to the Fe3O4-based spintronics devices in the magnetization reversal by the electric field.
Impact of sampling on uncertainty: semiconductor dimensional metrology applications (2008)

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) provides a set of Metrology specifications as targets for each technology node. In the current edition (2007) of the ITRS the conventional precision (reproducibility) is replaced with a new metric - measurement uncertainty for dimensional metrology. This measurement uncertainty contains single tool precision, tool-to-tool matching, sampling uncertainty, and inaccuracy (sample-to-sample bias variation and other effects). Clearly, sampling uncertainty is a major component of measurement uncertainty. This paper elaborates on sampling uncertainty and provides statistical estimates for sampling uncertainty. The authors in this paper address the importance and the methods of proper sampling. The correct sampling captures and allows for the expression of the information needed for adequate patterning process control. Along with typical manufacturing process control cases (excursion control, advanced and statistical process control), several other applications are explored such as optical and electron beam line width measurement calibration, measurement tool evaluations, lithographic scanner assessment and optical proximity correction implementation. The authors show how appropriate choices among measurement techniques, sampling methods, and interpretation of measurement results give meaningful information for process control and demonstrate how an incorrect choice can lead to wrong conclusions.
Abstract 3401: The natural products, parthenolide and andrographolide, exhibit anti-cancer stem cell activity in multiple myeloma (2011)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy where even patients in remission succumb to an inevitable relapse. Pre-clinical testing of emerging therapeutics is hindered by the failure of the standard models to sustain the ex vivo growth of the MM clone. We have recently described a 3-D culture system where the extracellular matrix and cellular compartments of the bone marrow (BM) are reconstructed in vitro, recapitulating the native microenvironment of the human BM where cells occupy distinct niches. Cells from the BM aspirates are grown in a fibronectin, laminin, and collagen rich extracellular matrix designed to reconstruct endosteal and central marrow compartments of the BM (rBM). In the rBM model, the MM undergoes up to 15-fold expansion of malignant cells harboring the clonotypic IgH VDJ. The currently used MM pre-clinical models only target the plasma cells, comprising the bulk of the tumor, leaving the cancer stem cells (CSCs) to repopulate the tumor and trigger the relapse. The localization of non-proliferating, drug resistant CD20+ B cells to the reconstructed endosteum, in contact with N-cadherin and osteocalcin positive osteoblastic cells, suggests the presence of MM-cancer stem cells (MM-CSC) in the endosteal niche of rBM; the niche known to harbor the hematopoietic stem cells. MM-CSCs exhibit tumorigenic and self-renewal potential, measured by their ability to generate clonotypic colonies and differentiate into plasma cells in colony forming unit assays. Thus, the rBM model provides biologically relevant pre-clinical paradigm enabling the evaluation of therapeutic vulnerabilities of all compartments of the MM clone, including the drug-resistant MM-CSC. We have previously demonstrated that melphalan, dexamethasone, vincristine, and bortezomib therapies are not curative because these drugs target CD138+CD56+ MM plasma cells, thus failing to eliminate the MM-CSC. Utilizing the rBM culture system, we tested anti-MM-CSC potential of two natural product inhibitors of NFkB, parthenolide and andrographolide. Here we show that parthenolide and andrographolide are potent anti-MM-CSC agents (LC50=1.5-3.5μM), inducing apoptosis in MM-CSCs through the activation of caspases 8 and 3. Both natural products showed preferential toxicity toward MM-CSCs over non-tumorigenic MM cells. Addition of bone marrow stromal compartment abrogated andrographolide activity while having no effect on parthenolide cytoxicity. This is a first report of a natural product with anti-CSC activity in myeloma, suggesting that it has the potential to improve the survival of patients with MM by eliminating the relapse-causing MM-CSCs. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3401. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3401
Analysis and Design of VCO-Based Phase-Domain $\Sigma \Delta $ Modulators (2017)

VCO-based phase-domain ΣΔ modulators employ the combination of a voltage-controlled-oscillator (VCO) and an up/down counter to replace the analog loop filter used in conventional ΣΔ modulators. Thanks to this highly digital architecture, they can be quite compact, and are expected to shrink even further with CMOS scaling. This paper describes the analysis and design of such converters. Trade-offs between design parameters and the impact of non-idealities, such as finite counter length and VCO non-linearity, are assessed through both theoretical analysis and behavioral simulations. The proposed design methodology is applied to the design of a phase-to-digital converter in a 40-nm CMOS process, which is used to digitize the output of a thermal-diffusivity temperature sensor, achieving ± 0.2° (3σ) phase inaccuracy from -40 to 125 °C and a sensor-limited resolution of 57 m° (RMS) within a 500-Hz bandwidth. Measurements on the prototype agree quite well with theoretical predictions, thus demonstrating the validity of the proposed design methodology.
Redox-Sensitive Smart Nanosystems for Drug and Gene Delivery (2016)

Background: Smart stimulus-responsive nanocarriers represent a rapidly growing class of drug-delivery systems for cancer and other diseases. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; Objective: The alterations of redox potential between the intracellular environment and the extracellular space have been widely utilized as a trigger for delivery of therapeutic agents by smart stimulus-responsive nanocarriers. We set out to review the scientific literature. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; Method: Published papers between 1980 and the present day were surveyed. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; Results: The advantages of redox-activated smart delivery of drugs, genes, and imaging agents include: the amplitude of the redox-responsive signal; the simple chemical features needed to trigger the activation process; and the relative simplicity of preparing these nanocarriers with an integrated redox-sensitive triggering element. Redox-sensitive nanovehicles are often sensitive to glutathione (GSH) as a regulator of cellular redox potential, which is a very important redox couple in mammalian cells. Other nanostructures can be designed to respond to oxidation, which may be useful for drug-delivery to sites with oxidative stress. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; Conclusion: Redox-responsive nanocarriers are a prominent member of the class of smart nanocarriers, and are expected to grow importance in coming years. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;
Selectively Formed Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition TiSiN and Ta Barrier Metal Using Direct Contact Via Process for Sub-65 nm Interconnects (2007)

We report integration of metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) TiSiN barrier metal into 65 nm low-k dielectric (k=2.9) interconnects. Selective TiSiN barrier was formed along via trench wall using direct contact via (DCV) process and subsequent Ta incorporation into Cu was found to significantly improve electromigration (EM) reliability. Also, a large reduction of 0.1 µm via/line resistances is achieved. The proposed integration method allows MOCVD TiSiN usable as a barrier metal for the nano scale interconnects, taking advantages of high throughput and excellent step coverage of MOCVD process compared to other barrier processes.
Direct 3-D Printing of Nonplanar Linear-Dipole-Phased Array Antennas (2018)

Design and rapid prototyping of a nonplanar lineararray antenna for multimission applications are discussed. The array elements are simple half-wavelength dipoles that were printed uniformly with parallel line and ground plane in a single step. The array antenna was designed for the frequency range of 2.7-3 GHz. A six-element linear-array prototype was fabricated and measured. To achieve higher polarization purity, the elements are mirrored in the array arrangement with respect to the center of the array antenna. With VSWR <; 1 over the entire frequency range, the proposed linear array obtains -30 dB cross-polarization level in scanning up to ±45° in the principal plane. The light weight, low cost, and high performance of the proposed array antenna demonstrate the strong potential of three-dimensional printing technology for multimission applications.
Twist-1 Enhances Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Support of Hematopoiesis by Modulating CXCL12 Expression (2015)

Twist-1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, known to contribute to mesodermal and skeletal tissue development. We have reported previously that Twist-1 maintains multipotent human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) in an immature state, enhances their life-span, and influences cell fate determination. In this study, human BMSC engineered to express high levels of Twist-1 were found to express elevated levels of the chemokine, CXCL12. Analysis of the CXCL12 proximal promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis identified several E-box DNA sites bound by Twist-1. Functional studies using a luciferase reporter construct showed that Twist-1 increased CXCL12 promoter activity in a dose dependent manner. Notably, Twist-1 over-expressing BMSC exhibited an enhanced capacity to maintain human CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays. Moreover, the observed increase in HSC maintenance by Twist-1 over-expressing BMSC was blocked in the presence of the CXCL12 inhibitor, AMD3100. Supportive studies, using Twist-1 deficient heterozygous mice demonstrated a significant decrease in the frequency of stromal progenitors and increased numbers of osteoblasts within the bone. These observations correlated to a decreased incidence in the number of clonogenic stromal progenitors (colony forming unit-fibroblasts) and lower levels of CXCL12 in Twist-1 mutant mice. Furthermore, Twist-1 deficient murine stromal feeder layers, exhibited a significant decrease in CXCL12 levels and lower numbers of hematopoietic colonies in LTC-IC assays, compared with wild type controls. These findings demonstrate that Twist-1, which maintains BMSC at an immature state, endows them with an increased capacity for supporting hematopoiesis via direct activation of CXCL12 gene expression.
Supplemental Data from Individualized Molecular Analyses Guide Efforts (IMAGE): A Prospective Study of Molecular Profiling of Tissue and Blood in Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Oncoprint of Somatic Genomic Alterations in Metastatic Biopsies of 20 Triple Negative Breast Cancers. Table S1. Characteristics of genomic alterations from metastatic tumor biopsies&lt;/p&gt;
Advances in 3D design and optimization (2012)

Recent years have seen the emergence of 3D integration technology. This technology promises significant improvements in cost, capacity, bandwidth and power. The papers in this session will describe three diverse ways of leveraging the third dimension: silicon-interposer based 3D integration, stacked die using a fine-grained standard-cell design style, and the use of a wireless inductive link for supplying power to individual die. Together, these papers provide a snapshot of the current state-of-the-art in 3D integration.
IBM Research and Columbia University TRECVID-2011 Multimedia Event Detection (MED) System (2011)

The IBM Research/Columbia team investigated a novel range of low-level and high-level features and their combination for the TRECVID Multimedia Event Detection (MED) task. We submitted four runs exploring various methods of extraction, modeling and fusing of low-level features and hundreds of high-level semantic concepts. Our Run 1 developed event detection models utilizing Support Vector Machines (SVMs) trained from a large number of low-level features and was interesting in establishing the baseline performance for visual features from static video frames. Run 2 trained SVMs from classification scores generated by 780 visual, 113 action and 56 audio high-level semantic classifiers and explored various temporal aggregation techniques. Run 2 was interesting in assessing performance based on different kinds of high-level semantic information. Run 3 fused the lowand high-level feature information and was interesting in providing insight into the complementarity of this information for detecting events. Run 4 fused all of these methods and explored a novel Scene Alignment Model (SAM) algorithm that utilized temporal information discretized by scene changes in the video. 1
<title>Versatile infrared laser scanner/electrophoresis apparatus</title> (1993)

An infrared fluorescence microscope consisting of a laser diode for exciting infrared fluorophores attached to DNA oligo-nucleotides and a silicon avalanche photodiode for detecting the infrared emission has been designed. The microscope was mounted on a scanning platform which could be optimally focused on an electrophoretic gel (0.1 - 0.4 mm thick) sandwiched between two glass plates. Background fluorescence is minimal in the infrared region of the optical spectrum. In addition, the optics were designed to further minimize this background fluorescence while maximizing the signal output. A 5 pM fluorophore-DNA concentration in unpolymerized gel solution (about 2000 molecules in an irradiated volume of 600 pL) gave a signal-to-noise ratio of 4:1, 3:1, and 2:1 for a glass-gel-glass sandwich made using quartz, borosilicate, and soda-lime glass, respectively.
Multichannel Dypsa For Estimation Of Glottal Closure Instants In Reverberant Speech (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
The Clinical Features of Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Ambulatory Patients (1997)

Among outpatients selected for evaluation for PE, further risk stratification demonstrated poor diagnostic utility. Clinical features alone cannot be used to differentiate presence or absence of PE in at-risk ambulatory patients.