gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Space Analysis and $\rho$– $\eta$ Pareto Optimization of $LC$ Output Filters for Switch-Mode AC Power Sources (2015)

In this study, the design space (DS) concept is refined and utilized to design the output filter of a 10-kW, four-quadrant, three-phase, switch-mode controllable AC power source (CPS). The DS concept is based on the simultaneous consideration of multiple criteria that are derived from application-oriented specifications for the CPS regarding quality and transient response of the output voltage, and limited reactive power demand of the output filter. In this paper, the output filter of the studied CPS needs to satisfy six different criteria, which, in the case of a single-stage LC filter, leads to bounds on the values of L and C that can be indicated by boundary curves in an L-C plane. The intersection set of all boundary curves defines the DS, in which all six specifications can be fulfilled. For the considered requirements, it is shown that the DS is empty for a single-stage LC filter, but exists for a two-stage LC filter, which is therefore employed as an output filter of the CPS. To fully exploit the 4D DS of the two-stage LC filter, a multi objective optimization, resulting in the power density-efficiency Pareto front, is performed to determine the most compact and/or most efficient filter design among all possible filter realizations with parameters in the DS. From the outcome of this optimization, the filter design with the highest power density of 14.6 kW/dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (239 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), for an efficiency of 99.4%, is realized in hardware. Finally, all six specifications for the CPS are successfully verified by experimental measurements.
A Diels–Alder crosslinkable host polymer for improved PLED performance: the impact on solution processed doped device and multilayer device performance (2012)

We report on the synthesis of a polyfluorene derivative, PFO(X), with furan pendant groups capable of Diels–Alder crosslinking with a maleimide containing small molecule passive crosslinker (PC) and a maleimide containing red emitting donor–acceptor–donor dopant molecule, bE-BTD(X). It was initially intended that a blend of these three components would afford a system where the dopant concentration could be increased to the point where complete energy transfer from the host polymer to the emissive dopant would be achieved. Because such systems often suffer from quenching and shifts in emission maxima indicative of emitter aggregation, it was hypothesized that crosslinking the emissive dopant with the host polymer would lead to de-aggregation of the dopant emitter. In thin films of PFO(X) and bE-BTD(X), a 16 nm bathochromic shift is observed in the emission maximum when the dopant concentration is increased from 1% to 8%, suggesting that the dopant is aggregating. In similar films where PC is included and the film is heated to affect crosslinking, a comparable 16 nm shift in the emission maximum is observed indicating that aggregation is still occurring and not affected by the heating step. Similar decreases in luminance are observed independent of whether the heating step is included. Not unexpectedly, however, crosslinking does afford an insoluble network that allows for the subsequent solution deposition of additional layers. When an electron transport layer (ETL) is used in PFO(X)/PC devices, increases of 190% and 490% are observed in luminance and luminous efficiency, respectively, relative to devices without an ETL indicating that this Diels–Alder crosslinkable system is amenable to multilayer deposition by solution methods. When bE-BTD(X) is included as the dopant emitter, similar increases in luminance and luminous efficiency are observed with the ETL included compared to devices where this layer is omitted.
Factors Influencing Activated Sludge Properties (1977)

Activated sludge dewatering and thickening properties were found to depend upon the concentration of bio-polymers in solution. Sludge conditioning agents were found to function by coagulation of solution polymers. Solution polymers could also be reduced by biological means. If activated sludge is held under anaerobic conditions then followed by aeration the polymers were found to decline. The rate and extent of polymer decay was dependent upon the dissolved oxygen concentration.
Airliner cabin air quality. (2007)

Airliner cabin air quality has attracted a lot of attention in the last two decades and has generated much controversy. This article reviews the situation to date only as it pertains to cabin air quality during normal aircraft operation. First discussed are the basic assumptions from the early days of commercial aviation. Second, different factors involved in cabin air quality are reviewed in some detail. Evidence from the current literature is employed to demonstrate that airliner cabin air quality is adequate and does not compromise aircrew health. However, the author does recognize that further studies are required for additional clarification of the issue.
Stiffness can mediate balance between hydrodynamic forces and avidity to impact the targeting of flexible polymeric nanoparticles in flow (2019)

We report computational investigations of deformable polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) under colloidal suspension flow and adhesive environment. We employ a coarse-grained model for the polymeric NP and perform Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations with hydrodynamic interactions and in the presence of wall-confinement, particulate margination, and wall-adhesion for obtaining NP microstructure, shape, and anisotropic and inhomogeneous transport properties for different NP stiffness. These microscopic properties are utilized in solving the Fokker-Planck equation to obtain the spatial distribution of NP subject to shear, margination due to colloidal microparticles, and confinement due to a vessel wall. Comparing our computational results for the amount of NP margination to the near-wall adhesion regime with those of our binding experiments in cell culture under shear, we found quantitative agreement on shear-enhanced binding, the effect of particulate volume fraction, and the effect of NP stiffness. For the experimentally realized polymeric NP, our model predicts that the shear and volume fraction mediated enhancement in targeting has a hydrodynamic transport origin and is not due to a multivalent binding effect. However, for ultrasoft polymeric NPs, our model predicts a substantial increase in targeting due to multivalent binding. Our results are also in general agreement with experiments of tissue targeting measurements in vivo in mice, however, one needs to exercise caution in extending the modeling treatment to in vivo conditions owing to model approximations. The reported combined computational approach and results are expected to enable fine-tuning of design and optimization of flexible NP in targeted drug delivery applications.
Numerical simulation of the flow in straight blade agitator with the MPS method (2010)

Abstract The three‐dimensional flow in a straight blade agitator with free surface on top is simulated using a grid‐free method named moving particle semi‐implicit method. The agitator has six rotor blades matched with six stationary guide blades. The mechanism and phenomena of the flow are investigated in the area between two adjacent stationary guide blades. Eddies near each tip of the rotational blades are predicted, and they move with the motion of the rotor blades but in opposite rotation direction of the rotor. The rotation axis of the eddies is traced and annular vortices, which are made by the eddies, are studied. The pressure pulsation in the rotation process is also predicted with this particle method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Denitrification Stoichiometry and Kinetics of Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (2009)

Denitrification Stoichiometry and Kinetics of Moving Bed Biofilm ReactorThe Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology was determined to be a promising and viable process for denitrification to achieve total nitrogen of between 3–4 mg N/L and nitrate concentration below 1 mg N/L. A post-denitrifying pilot MBBR system was set up at the Blue Plains AWTP (Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant) and a bench scale kinetic evaluation was conducted. This study is a...Author(s): Arbina ShresthaRumana RiffatCharles BottImre TakacsBeverley StinsonMarija PericDilli NeupaneSudhir MurthySourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 2 - Fixed Film/Hybrid Process Modeling & MechanicsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2009ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20090101)2009:4L.153;1-DOI10.2175/193864709793901338Volume / Issue2009 / 4Content sourceNutrient Removal and Recovery SymposiumFirst / last page(s)153 - 165Copyright2009Word count418Subject keywordsBiomass DensityDenitrificationHalf Saturation ConstantMoving Bed Biofilm ReactorSpecific Denitrification Rate
Modified pliers facilitate coupling of bayonet-type connectors (1966)

Modified single-tube hole punch or grommet-setting pliers couples or uncouples spring-loaded bayonet-type connectors quickly and easily. The anvil and tube or punch of the single-tube hole punch or pliers are removed and an open-end slot is machined in the tips of the jaws.
7.1: A microsystems enabled field desorption source (2010)

Technologies that have been developed for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) have been applied to the fabrication of field desorption arrays. These techniques include the use of thick films for enhanced dielectric stand-off, as well as an integrated gate electrode. The increased complexity of MEMS fabrication provides enhanced design flexibility over traditional methods.
Validation of GOSAT SWIR XCO<sub>2</sub> and XCH<sub>4</sub> Retrieved by PPDF-S Method and Comparison with Full Physics Method (2017)

Column-averaged concentrations of carbon dioxide (XCO2) and methane (XCH4) were retrieved from spectra observed by the Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite (GOSAT) using the so-called Photon path length Probability Density Function-Simultaneous (PPDF-S) retrieval method, which explains cloud/aerosol effects in terms of light path modification. The PPDF-S data, as well as the standard products for General Users (GU) of XCO2 and XCH4 retrieved using the full physics (FP) method, were validated through comparison with Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) data. Results show that bias and its standard deviation of XCO2 over the land are 0.73 and 1.83 ppm for the PPDF-S data, and −0.32 and 2.16 ppm for GU products. For XCH4, they are 1.4 and 14.1 ppb, and −1.9 and 12.5 ppb, respectively. Although the magnitude relations between XCO2 and XCH4 retrieved by the PPDF-S and GU products are identical over the land, they differ over the ocean. This fact emphasizes the importance of additional validation data over the ocean. Results also show that 68% of FP data that were screened out through an Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT) test passed all screening tests for the PPDF-S method, implying the applicability of the PPDF-S method to denser aerosol conditions.
Permeation of a solvent mixture through an elastomeric membrane—The case of pervaporation (2002)

Abstract This article presents a model for the permeation of solvent mixtures through an elastomer in the particular case of pervaporation. An analytical expression for each solvent permeation rate is derived, in the limited case of a membrane that undergoes small swelling, without making any assumptions on the solvent diffusion coefficients and their dependence on solvent concentrations. Applying this analytical expression to different situations, we fitted most of the curves previously published on pervaporation experiments. In particular, we correlated the synergy developed by a mixture of two solvents in the permeation process with the sign of their Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χ AB . This explains why, in most cases (χ AB &gt; 0), a molecule permeating easily through a membrane is mixed with a molecule permeating much less easily; the latter can see its permeation flux increase by a factor 10 or 100 because the swelling of the polymer induced by the more permeable molecule “opens the meshes of the network” allowing the less permeable molecule to pass through more easily. Within our analysis, the efficiency of the pervaporation process, expressed through the separation factor, is derived very simply as a function of the interaction coefficients and the viscosities of solvents and exhibits an exponential dependence on the volume fraction of either component as seen in most experiments. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 183–193, 2003
Continuous Chromatography for the Purification of Monoclonal Antibodies (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Product Variants and the Separation Problem Definition of Performance Parameters Gradient Chromatography for Biomolecules Continuous Chromatography to Increase Productivity The MCSGP Process Upgrades for Continuous Processes to Improve Stability Impact of Increasing Fermentation Titers Outlook Acknowledgments References
<title>Optimization of externally modulated analog optical links</title> (1991)

Analog fiber-optic links using an integrated-optical intensity modulator have been demonstrated and analyzed. Experimental links operate at frequencies from 40 MHz to 22 GHz with electrical gain up to 11 dB, noise figure as low as 6 dB, and intermodulation-free dynamic range of up to 113 dB-Hz2/3. The gain, noise figure, and dynamic range are shown to have a simple dependence upon a few link design parameters. Other factors affecting link performance, such as stimulated Brillouin scattering, interferometric intensity noise, modulator linearization, and addition of an optical amplifier, are also discussed briefly.
Supplementary Table 8 from Functional Precision Medicine Identifies Novel Druggable Targets and Therapeutic Options in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 8&lt;/p&gt;
Long-Acting Tumor-Activated Prodrug of a TGFβR Inhibitor (2021)

Inhibition of TGFβ signaling in concert with a checkpoint blockade has been shown to provide improved and durable antitumor immune response in mouse models. However, on-target adverse cardiovascular effects have limited the clinical use of TGFβ receptor (TGFβR) inhibitors in cancer therapy. To restrict the activity of TGFβR inhibitors to tumor tissues and thereby widen the therapeutic index, a series of tumor-activated prodrugs of a selective small molecule TGFβR1 inhibitor <b>1</b> were prepared by appending <b>1</b> to a serine protease substrate and a half-life extension fatty acid carbon chain. The prodrugs were shown to be selectively metabolized in tumor tissues relative to the heart and blood and demonstrated a prolonged favorable increase in the tumor-to-heart ratio of the active drug in tissue distribution studies. Once-weekly administration of the most tissue-selective compound <b>10</b> provided anti-tumor efficacy comparable to the parent compound and reduced systemic exposure of the active drug.
Gas transport in polymers based on bisphenol‐A (1988)

Abstract Permeation measurements for CO 2 , CH 4 , O 2 , N 2 , and He were made with three polymers based on bisphenol‐A, namely a polyhydroxyether, a polyetherimide, and a polyarylate. Measurements were also made for CO 2 and CH 4 in polysulfone. The data for CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 plus previous data for these gases in polycarbonate and polysulfone were combined with equilibrium gas sorption data and analyzed with the dual mode/partial immobilization model and the more recent gas‐polymer‐matrix model. A comparison of the two models was done on the basis of physical interpretations of the resulting parameters. The diffusion coefficient for the Henry's law population was related to the kinetic diameter of the gas. The infinite dilution, Henry's law, and Langmuir diffusion coefficients were related to the free volume of the polymer. The work suggests a means for order‐of‐magnitude estimation of diffusion coefficients from polymer density and molecular structure.
Quantitative and Functional Alterations of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Contribute to Immune Tolerance in Ovarian Cancer (2011)

In ovarian cancer, the immune system fails to eradicate established tumors partly due to the induction of immune tolerance within tumor microenvironment. In this study, we investigated the contribution of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in the establishment of immune tolerance in a cohort of 44 ovarian cancer patients. In the tumor and malignant ascites, CD4(+)CD123(+)BDCA2(+) pDC were the most abundant dendritic cell subset; however, they were profoundly depleted in peripheral blood. The presence of pDC in primary ovarian cancer, but not ascites, was an independent prognostic factor associated with early relapse. Following chemotherapy, we observed a partial restoration of blood pDC levels in patients in complete remission. These findings show preferential recruitment of pDC into tumors where they express a partially mature phenotype that may reflect an in situ activation. Importantly, compared with pDC found in ascites or blood, tumor-associated pDC (TApDC) produced less IFN-α, TNF-α, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, and RANTES in response to toll-like receptor stimulation, and alterations in pDC functions were mainly mediated through tumor-derived TNF-α and TGF-β. Unlike ascites-derived pDC, TApDC induced IL-10 production from allogeneic naive CD4(+) T lymphocytes, suggesting the existence of a paracrine immunosuppressive loop. Taken together, our findings indicate that both local and systemic dysfunction of pDC play a critical role in the progression of ovarian cancer via induction of immune tolerance.
Cortistatin Inhibits Growth Hormone Release from Human Fetal and Adenoma Pituitary Cells and Prolactin Secretion from Cultured Prolactinomas (2006)

This is the first report of in vitro CST suppression of human GH and PRL in cultured pituitary tissues. The regulation of PRL release from cultured adenomas appears to be primarily mediated by SSTR5.
Caveolin-1 Regulates Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Tat-Induced Alterations of Tight Junction Protein Expression via Modulation of the Ras Signaling (2008)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the critical structure for preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) trafficking into the brain. Specific HIV proteins, such as Tat protein, can contribute to the dysfunction of tight junctions at the BBB and HIV entry into the brain. Tat is released by HIV-1-infected cells and can interact with a variety of cell surface receptors activating several signal transduction pathways, including those localized in caveolae. The present study focused on the mechanisms of Tat-induced caveolae-associated Ras signaling at the level of the BBB. Treatment with Tat activated the Ras pathway in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs). However, caveolin-1 silencing markedly attenuated these effects. Because the integrity of the brain endothelium is regulated by intercellular tight junctions, these structural elements of the BBB were also evaluated in the present study. Exposure to Tat diminished the expression of several tight junction proteins, namely, occludin, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, and ZO-2 in the caveolar fraction of HBMECs. These effects were effectively protected by pharmacological inhibition of the Ras signaling and by silencing of caveolin-1. The present data indicate the importance of caveolae-associated signaling in the disruption of tight junctions on Tat exposure. They also demonstrate that caveolin-1 may constitute an early and critical modulator that controls signaling pathways leading to the disruption of tight junction proteins. Thus, caveolin-1 may provide an effective target to protect against Tat-induced HBMEC dysfunction and the disruption of the BBB in HIV-1-infected patients.
Stress effect on I c of multifilamentary V3Ga wire (1977)

Measurement of stress effects on the critical current Ic of multifilament V3Ga wire are reported, and the cryostat for performing these studies is described. Measurements were taken at 4.2 K in a magnetic field of 9.0 T and for stress values up to 5×108 Pa. Noticeable degradation of Ic did not begin in the wires reported here until stress values of 3.0×108 Pa. The first effect of stress was to produce a measurable resistance in the wire below Ic. A discussion of this low-current onset of resistance is given which suggests that improved stress characteristics in A15 wires may correlate with the reduction or elimination of this resistance.
Ogden Material Calibration via Magnetic Resonance Cartography, Parameter Sensitivity, and Variational System Identification (2022)

Contemporary material characterisation techniques that leverage deformation fields and the weak form of the equilibrium equations face challenges in the numerical solution procedure of the inverse characterisation problem. As material models and descriptions differ, so too must the approaches for identifying parameters and their corresponding mechanisms. The widely-used Ogden material model can be comprised of a chosen number of terms of the same mathematical form, which presents challenges of parsimonious representation, interpretability, and stability. Robust techniques for system identification of any material model are important to assess and improve experimental design, in addition to their centrality to forward computations. Using fully 3D displacement fields acquired in silicone elastomers with our recently-developed magnetic resonance cartography (MR-u) technique on the order of $&gt;20,000$ points per sample, we leverage PDE-constrained optimisation as the basis of variational system identification of our material parameters. We incorporate the statistical F-test to maintain parsimony of representation. Using a new, local deformation decomposition locally into mixtures of biaxial and uniaxial tensile states, we evaluate experiments based on an analytical sensitivity metric, and discuss the implications for experimental design.
The Notch signaling inhibitor DAPT down‐regulates cdk5 activity and modulates the distribution of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins (2008)

Notch signaling is critical for the development of the nervous system. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (cdk5) is a neuronal kinase involved in neuronal development and phosphorylates a number of neuronal cytoskeletal proteins. To determine the relationship between Notch and cdk5 signaling, we tested the effects of the Notch inhibitor, N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-1-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) on cdk5 expression, activity and cytoskeletal protein distribution in the rat cortical neurons in primary cultures. Neurons treated with 10 microM DAPT showed attenuated cdk5 activity in spite of an up-regulation of cdk5 protein level, consistent with a phenomenon reported in the cdk5 transgenic mice. Immunoblot and immunofluorescence analyses showed an increased level of cdk5, but not p35. Phospho-tau and phospho-neurofilament showed a shift from axons to cell bodies in DAPT-treated cells. DAPT-induced attenuation of cdk5 activity was restored by over-expression of p35 indicating that it interacted with cdk5 and up-regulated nascent cdk5 activity. p35 over-expression also rescued DAPT-induced translocation of phospho-tau and phospho-neurofilament. Immunoprecipitation followed by immunoblotting demonstrated that DAPT does not disrupt cdk5 and p35 interaction. Moreover, DAPT up-regulated neurogenin that is negatively regulated by Notch, and down-regulated Hes1, a downstream target of Notch, suggesting that Notch signaling in the cortical neurons was disrupted. Semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR analyses confirmed that DAPT up-regulated cdk5 expression at the transcriptional level. These results establish a link between Notch signaling and cdk5 expression regulating neuronal cytoskeletal protein dynamics.