gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-robot target verification with reachability constraints (2012)

In search and rescue applications it is important that mobile ground robots can verify whether a potential target/victim is indeed a target of interest. This paper describes a novel approach to multi-robot target verification of multiple static objects. Suppose a team of multiple mobile ground robots are operating in a partially known environment with knowledge of possible target locations and obstacles. The ground robots' goal is to (a) collectively classify the targets (or build models of them) by identifying good viewpoints to sense the targets, while (b) coordinating their actions to execute the mission and always be safe by avoiding obstacles and each other. As opposed to a traditional next-best-view (nbv) algorithm that generates a single good view, we characterize the informativeness of all potential views. We propose a measure for the informativeness of a view that exploits the geometric structure of the pose manifold. This information is encoded in a cost map that guides a multi-robot motion planning algorithm towards views that are both reachable and informative. Finally, we account for differential constraints in the robots' motion that prevent unrealistic scenarios such as the robots stopping or turning instantaneously. A range of simulations indicates that our approach outperforms current approaches and demonstrates the advantages of predictive sensing and accounting for reachability constraints.
Fixed-gain AF relaying with interference-limited destination in Rician/Nakagami-m fading channels (2013)

Co-channel interference (CCI) has an inevitable effect on the performance of cooperative systems. It is a result of sharing the same time slot among several nodes. In this paper, we address the impact of CCI at the destination node on the performance of a dual-hop fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relay system. A noise-limited relay and an interference-limited destination are assumed in the analysis. Furthermore, the source-relay and the relay-destination channels of the desired user are assumed to be Rician distributed and the interferers' channels are assumed to follow the Nakagami-m distribution. We derive approximate expressions for the outage probability and the symbol error rate (SER) for both the independent non-identically distributed (i.n.d.) and independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) cases of interferers' fading channels. Furthermore, a look into the asymptotical high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) performance has been taken and the diversity order and coding gain of the considered system are determined. Monte-Carlo simulations are provided to validate the accuracy of the analytical results. Main results show that the system is still able to achieve full diversity in the presence of finite number of interferers with finite powers.
Gene transfer by adenovirus in smooth muscle cells (1996)

We report adenovirus-mediated gene transfer into airway smooth muscle cells in cultured cells and organ-cultured tracheal segments. Incubation of cultured rat tracheal myocytes with virus (5 x 10(8) pfu/ml) for 6 h resulted in beta-galactosidase expression in 94.8 +/- 2.5% of cells (n = 4). Following incubation of thin (less than 200 microns diameter) equine trachealis muscle segments with virus in organ culture (5 x 10(8)-5 x 10(10) pfu/ml) the average expression of the Lac Z gene was approximately 19 +/- 10% (n = 9). Expression was markedly improved, however, in segments from neonatal rats (13-21 days). In two experiments in which the mucosa and serosa were removed, nearly all cells expressed beta-galactosidase, whereas in a third experiment in which the tissue was not dissected, about 40% of cells were stained. Viral infection had no effect on tension development of strips following organ culture. In vitro gene transfer may provide a useful method to alter protein expression and examine the effect of this alteration on excitation/contraction coupling in smooth muscle.
Incremental Learning for Semantic Segmentation of Large-Scale Remote Sensing Data (2019)

In spite of remarkable success of the convolutional neural networks on semantic segmentation, they suffer from catastrophic forgetting: a significant performance drop for the already learned classes when new classes are added on the data having no annotations for the old classes. We propose an incremental learning methodology, enabling to learn segmenting new classes without hindering dense labeling abilities for the previous classes, although the entire previous data are not accessible. The key points of the proposed approach are adapting the network to learn new as well as old classes on the new training data, and allowing it to remember the previously learned information for the old classes. For adaptation, we keep a frozen copy of the previously trained network, which is used as a memory for the updated network in the absence of annotations for the former classes. The updated network minimizes a loss function, which balances the discrepancy between outputs for the previous classes from the memory and updated networks, and the misclassification rate between outputs for the new classes from the updated network and the new ground-truth. For remembering, we either regularly feed samples from the stored, little fraction of the previous data or use the memory network, depending on whether the new data are collected from completely different geographic areas or from the same city. Our experimental results prove that it is possible to add new classes to the network, while maintaining its performance for the previous classes, despite the whole previous training data are not available.
Neuropharmacological studies of an insecticidal trihaloimidazole derivative in the crayfish neuromuscular preparation (1991)

Abstract A trihaloimidazole derivative (S‐377; 1‐(4‐chlorobutoxymethyl)‐2,4,5‐trichloroimidazole) caused giant excitatory junctional potentials by a single electrical stimulus to the excitatory nerves. Repetitive discharges were simultaneously induced in the nerve fibres. S‐377 also caused repetitive firing in the inhibitory nerve fibres. Permethrin showed quite similar actions on both the junction and nerve fibres. It was supposed that S‐377 inhibited the inactivating system of the sodium channel, like pyrethroids. However, S‐377 reduced the number of spikes of the permethrin‐induced repetitive discharges on the excitatory nerve fibres. These observations suggest that binding sites of S‐377 on sodium channels are different from those of pyrethroids.
Diamond Photonics (2016)

I will review advances in nanotechnology that have enabled fabrication of nanoscale optical devices in diamond, as well as discuss the applications of diamond photonic platform in nonlinear and quantum nanophotonics, optomechanics, and high-power optics.
The importance of dietary antigen in the cause of postweaning diarrhea in pigs (1984)

Food was given to pigs before weaning to determine whether a hypersensitive response to dietary antigen might be a predisposing factor to postweaning diarrhea. Small amounts of food increased the severity and accelerated the onset of postweaning diarrhea. Postweaning diarrhea was dependent on the presence within the diet of antigenic material (bovine casein). A weaning diet, containing little antigenic material (hydrolyzed casein), had less effect on sucrase concentration in intestinal brush borders than did diets rich in antigens (native casein). Seemingly, immune-mediated intestinal damage may predispose the pig to postweaning diarrhea.
ENHANCEMENTS OF THE MULKOM GEOTHERMAL SIMULATOR (1991)

SUMMARY Work on up the geothermal simulatorMULKOM by using a fast conjugate gradient solver is described. Also a package for preparingdata for, and processing output from,MULKOM is discussed.
Organization of human class I homeobox genes (1989)

We report the genomic organization of 20 human class I homeoboxes and the predicted primary sequence of the encoded homeodomains. These homeoboxes are clustered in four complex HOX loci on chromosomes 2, 7, 12, and 17. The homeoboxes of one HOX locus can be aligned to the homeoboxes of the other HOX loci so that corresponding homeodomains in all loci can share the maximal peptide sequence identity. This correspondence of individual homeoboxes in different chromosomal loci suggests the hypothesis of large-scale duplications of a single complex locus. The existence of an ancestral complex locus might have predated the divergence of vertebrates and invertebrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Expanding the Diversity of Purine Libraries. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
STUDIES ON THE STREPTOTHRICIN-GROUP-SUBSTANCES ON STREPTOTHRICIN A AND STREPTOTHRICIN B (1949)

Streptothricin is a well-known antibiotic found by Waksman and his collaborators (1) . However, there are more than two kinds of antibiotic substances which are very similar to streptothricin. Lavendulin and actinorubin reported by Kelner and Morton (2) are very resembling to Streptothricin. E. coli whose resistance to streptothricin has been forcedly raised becomes simultaneously more resistant to lavendul in and actinorub in than the normal culture. Umezawa and his collaborators (3, 4) found that antibiotic substances resembling to streptothricin were produced by various kinds of streptomyces, and called them streptothricin-group-substances.Streptothricin-group-substances have the following characters. (1) They are produced by strains belonging to streptomyces. (2) They are adsorbed by activated carbon from their neutral solution and eluted into acid methanol. (3) A streptothricin-fast E. coli is more resistant to them than the normal culture. A streptomycin-fast E. coli is almost as susceptible to them as the normal culture. In this character streptothricin-group substances can be easily differentiated from streptomycin.Ten strains of S. lavendulae, two strains of S. albus, one strain of S. ruber, one strain resembling to S. antibioticus, and five strains of S. fradiae, which all had been isolated by Umezawa and his collaborators (5, 6) were found to produce streptothricin-group-substances. Moveover, during testing the resistances of B. subtilis (N. R. R. L. B-558) and B. anthracis, it was found that antibiotic substances of all strains except the strains of S. fradiae showed a longer inhibition length against B. subtilis than against B. anthracis, but the antibiotic substance of S. fradiae showed a longer inhibition length against B. anthracis than B. subtilis. The antibiotic substance of S. fradiae seemed to be different from other streptothricin-group-substances.In further studies the antibiotic substance of S. fradiae was found to be different from other streptothricin-group-substances in the antibacterial spectrum and the toxicity. The later appearing toxicity which was specific. for streptothricin was not found in the case of the antibotic of S. fradiae. And we decided to call the antibiotic of S. fradiae Streptothricin B, and the others streptothricin A, for among the streptothricin-group-substances streptothricin, the antibiotic of S. lavendulae, was first discovered.Now the streptothricin A indicates the streptothricin-group-substances produced by various kinds of streptomyces other than S. fradiae. Whether the streptothricin. A is only one kind of substance or there are more than two kinds of streptothricin A, is not yet determined. Though streptothricin A was produced by various kinds of streptomyces, the later appearing toxicity was always observed. The later appear ing toxicity seems to be common to streptothricin A.In the present paper the differences of streptothricin A and strepto thricin B are described.
Efficient Sample Delay Calculation for 2-D and 3-D Ultrasound Imaging (2017)

Ultrasound imaging is a reference medical diagnostic technique, thanks to its blend of versatility, effectiveness, and moderate cost. The core computation of all ultrasound imaging methods is based on simple formulae, except for those required to calculate acoustic propagation delays with high precision and throughput. Unfortunately, advanced three-dimensional (3-D) systems require the calculation or storage of billions of such delay values per frame, which is a challenge. In 2-D systems, this requirement can be four orders of magnitude lower, but efficient computation is still crucial in view of low-power implementations that can be battery-operated, enabling usage in numerous additional scenarios. In this paper, we explore two smart designs of the delay generation function. To quantify their hardware cost, we implement them on FPGA and study their footprint and performance. We evaluate how these architectures scale to different ultrasound applications, from a low-power 2-D system to a next-generation 3-D machine. When using numerical approximations, we demonstrate the ability to generate delay values with sufficient throughput to support 10 000-channel 3-D imaging at up to 30 fps while using 63% of a Virtex 7 FPGA, requiring 24 MB of external memory accessed at about 32 GB/s bandwidth. Alternatively, with similar FPGA occupation, we show an exact calculation method that reaches 24 fps on 1225-channel 3-D imaging and does not require external memory at all. Both designs can be scaled to use a negligible amount of resources for 2-D imaging in low-power applications and for ultrafast 2-D imaging at hundreds of frames per second.
6.6 A 128Gb/s 1.3pJ/b PAM-4 Transmitter with Reconfigurable 3-Tap FFE in 14nm CMOS (2019)

The ever-increasing demand for higher bandwidth continues to fuel the need for faster and more power-efficient IOs, with the next generation high-speed serial links expected to reach data rates higher than 112Gb/s using PAM-4 signaling [1-3]. While PAM-4 spectral efficiency is better than that of NRZ, it is less tolerant of residual ISI and noise. As a consequence, a driver with high bandwidth and large output amplitude is required. This paper presents a 64Gbaud PAM-4 TX with a fully reconfigurable 3-tap FFE, which achieves a power efficiency of 1.3pJ/b in PAM-4 mode and 2.7pJ/b in NRZ mode for a differential output swing of 1V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ppd</sub> . A feature of the FFE construction is the use of fully re-assignable FFE segments among the 3 taps, which allows a reduced number of segments for lower capacitance and higher driver bandwidth. To minimize power consumption, a quarter-rate clocking architecture is adopted with a tailless 4:1 multiplexer, which also acts as a pre-driver to a tailless CML output driver.
Deterministic Symmetry Breaking of Plasmonic Nanostructures Enabled by DNA-Programmable Assembly (2017)

The physical properties of matter rely fundamentally on the symmetry of constituent building blocks. This is particularly true for structures that interact with light via the collective motion of their conduction electrons (i.e., plasmonic materials), where the observation of exotic optical effects, such as negative refraction and electromagnetically induced transparency, require the coupling of modes that are only present in systems with nontrivial broken symmetries. Lithography has been the predominant fabrication technique for constructing plasmonic metamaterials, as it can be used to form patterns of arbitrary complexity, including those with broken symmetry. Here, we show that low-symmetry, one-dimensional plasmonic structures that would be challenging to make using traditional lithographic techniques can be assembled using DNA as a programmable surface ligand. We investigate the optical properties that arise as a result of systematic symmetry breaking and demonstrate the appearance of π-type coupled modes formed from both dipole and quadrupole nanoparticle sources. These results demonstrate the power of DNA assembly for generating unusual structures that exhibit both fundamentally insightful and technologically important optical properties.
Recovery Oriented Computing (ROC): Motivation, Definition, Techniques, (2002)

It is time to broaden our performance-dominated research agenda. A four order of magnitude increase in performance since the first ASPLOS in 1982 means that few outside CS&E research community believe that speed is the only problem of computer hardware and software. Current systems crash and freeze so frequently that people become violent. Fast but flaky should not be our 21st century legacy. Recovery Oriented Computing (ROC) takes the perspective that hardware faults, software bugs, and operator errors are facts to be coped with, not problems to be solved. By concentrating on Mean Time to Repair (MTTR) rather than Mean Time to Failure (MTTF), ROC reduces recovery time and thus offers higher availability. Since a large portion of system administration is dealing with failures, ROC may also reduce total cost of ownership. One to two orders of magnitude reduction in cost mean that the purchase price of hardware and software is now a small part of the total cost of ownership. In addition to giving the motivation and definition of ROC, we introduce failure data for Internet sites that shows that the leading cause of outages is operator error. We also demonstrate five ROC techniques in five case studies, which we hope will influence designers of architectures and operating systems. If we embrace availability and maintainability, systems of the future may compete on recovery performance rather than just SPEC performance, and on total cost of ownership rather than just system price. Such a change may restore our pride in the architectures and operating systems we craft.
Tyrosine Hydroxylase Neurons Regulate Growth Hormone Secretion via Short-Loop Negative Feedback (2020)

Classical studies suggest that growth hormone (GH) secretion is controlled by negative-feedback loops mediated by GH-releasing hormone (GHRH)- or somatostatin-expressing neurons. Catecholamines are known to alter GH secretion and neurons expressing TH are located in several brain areas containing GH-responsive cells. However, whether TH-expressing neurons are required to regulate GH secretion via negative-feedback mechanisms is unknown. In the present study, we showed that between 50% and 90% of TH-expressing neurons in the periventricular, paraventricular, and arcuate hypothalamic nuclei and locus ceruleus of mice exhibited STAT5 phosphorylation (pSTAT5) after an acute GH injection. Ablation of GH receptor (GHR) from TH cells or in the entire brain markedly increased GH pulse secretion and body growth in both male and female mice. In contrast, GHR ablation in cells that express the dopamine transporter (DAT) or dopamine β-hydroxylase (DBH; marker of noradrenergic/adrenergic cells) did not affect body growth. Nevertheless, less than 50% of TH-expressing neurons in the hypothalamus were found to express DAT. Ablation of GHR in TH cells increased the hypothalamic expression of <i>Ghrh</i> mRNA, although very few GHRH neurons were found to coexpress TH- and GH-induced pSTAT5. In summary, TH neurons that do not express DAT or DBH are required for the autoregulation of GH secretion via a negative-feedback loop. Our findings revealed a critical and previously unidentified group of catecholaminergic interneurons that are apt to sense changes in GH levels and regulate the somatotropic axis in mice.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Textbooks indicate until now that the pulsatile pattern of growth hormone (GH) secretion is primarily controlled by GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin neurons. The regulation of GH secretion relies on the ability of these cells to sense changes in circulating GH levels to adjust pituitary GH secretion within a narrow physiological range. However, our study identifies a specific population of tyrosine hydroxylase-expressing neurons that is critical to autoregulate GH secretion via a negative-feedback loop. The lack of this mechanism in transgenic mice results in aberrant GH secretion and body growth. Since GH plays a key role in cell proliferation, body growth, and metabolism, our findings provide a major advance to understand how the brain regulates the somatotropic axis.
Effects of electric field on the fracture toughness (KIc) of ceramic PZT (2013)

This work was motivated by the observation that a small percentage of the ceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT) parts in a device application, one that requires an electrode pattern on the PZT surface, developed fatigue cracks at the edges of the electrodes; yet all of the parts were subjected to similar loading. To obtain additional information on the fracture behavior of this material, similar specimens were run at higher voltage in the laboratory under a microscope to observe the initiation and growth of the fatigue cracks. A sequence of experiments was next performed to determine whether there were fracture toughness variations that depended on material processing. Plates were cut from a single bar in different locations and the Vickers indentation technique was used to measure the relative fracture toughness as a function of position along the bar. Small variations in toughness were found, that may account for some of the devices developing fatigue cracks and not others. Fracture toughness was measured next as a function of electric field. The surface crack in flexure technique was modified to apply an electric field perpendicular to a crack. The results indicate that the fracture toughness drops under a positive electric field and increases under a negative electric field that is less than the coercive field, but as the negative coercive field is approached the fracture toughness drops. Examination of the fracture surfaces using an optical microscope and a surface profilometer reveal the initial indentation crack shape and (although less accurately) the crack shape and size at the transition from stable to unstable growth. These results are discussed in terms of a ferroelastic toughening mechanism that is dependent on electric field.
Synthesis and cyclization reactions of 4-[bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-9-(3-dimethylaminopropylamino)-1-nitroacridines: approaches to the synthesis of ‘Nitracrine Mustard’ (1986)

Compounds which can be selectively activated to cytotoxic species in hypoxic mammalian cells have potential for the treatment of solid tumours, which uniquely contain cells in such an environment. One approach to such drugs is exemplified by the title compound (2), ‘Nitracrine Mustard,’ where selective reduction of the nitro group in hypoxic cells (known to occur in the case of Nitracrine itself) would activate the mustard moiety. Synthetic routes to the penultimate dihydroxy derivative (22) are reported. Attempts to prepare the mustard derivative for this and a series of analogous compounds were frustrated by rapid intramolecular cyclization reactions to give the dihydroxprazinoacridines (25).
Design and evaluation for the mobile packet communication system using continuously allocated small zones (1996)

Abstract A new land‐mobile packet communication system is proposed in which continuously allocated small zones are used. This system is an expansion of a spot‐covered digital communication system, the application of which to mobile navigation is currently being advanced. In this system, data for driving guidance and general‐purpose data are assumed to be transmitted. The communication control of this system is designed and a hierarchical system configuration and efficient communication protocol are proposed. Also, the effectiveness is confirmed through system evaluation by an experimental model which consists of two pieces of mobile equipment and two roadside stations and by computer simulation.