gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition of serum alkaline phosphatase by murine monoclonal antibodies against human osteosarcoma cells. (1986)

Using OST6 and OST7 monoclonal antibodies against human osteosarcoma cells, a solid-phase radioimmunosandwich assay was developed to quantitate a human osterosarcoma-associated antigen in a total of 242 sera from healthy adults and patients with various diseases. The levels of the antigen in sera were high in patients with osteosarcoma and in children without tumorous diseases compared with healthy adults; however, the highest level of the antigen was found in patients with obstructive jaundice. The quantity of the antigen correlated with serum alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1.) activity, and showed a strong correlation (correlation coefficient, 0.94) in 50 sera. Immunolocalization of enzyme activity assay using monoclonal antibodies was performed to ascertain whether the antigen had alkaline phosphatase activity. This assay proved that OST6, OST7, and OST15 monoclonal antibodies recognized serum alkaline phosphatase; furthermore, these monoclonal antibodies seemed to react with not only the bone isoenzyme but also the liver isoenzyme.
Gradient-domain image reconstruction framework using chroma-preserving intensity-range and base-structure constraints (2021)

We present a gradient-domain image reconstruction framework with the chroma-preserving pixel-wise intensity-range constraint and the base-structure constraint. The existing methods for manipulating base structures and detailed textures are classifiable into two major streams: gradient-domain and layer-decomposition. To generate detail-preserving and artifact-free output images, we combine the two approaches’ benefits into the proposed framework by introducing the chroma-preserving intensity-range constraint and the base-structure constraint. To preserve details of the input image, the proposed method takes advantage of reconstructing the output image in the gradient domain, whereas the output intensity is guaranteed to lie within the specified intensity range by the intensity-range constraint. The reconstructed image lies close to the base structure by the base-structure constraint, which is effective for restraining artifacts. Using this chroma-preserving pixel-wise luminance constraint, the proposed algorithm does not require post-processing such as intensity clipping or rescaling. The proposed framework directly generates the output luminance, which guarantees that the output RGB intensities are within the target intensity range, preserving the chromatic component. Experiments demonstrated that (1) the proposed framework is effective for various applications such as tone mapping, seamless image cloning, detail enhancement, and image restoration, and (2) the proposed framework can preserve chroma components compared with the existing methods.
Active Reset Circuit with Energy Recovery for Solid State Modulators (2007)

Summary form only given. In order to reduce pulse losses two active reset circuits are proposed in this paper. The first one is based on the passive reset circuit and offers the possibility' to feed the excessive energy stored in the transformer/inductor partly back to the source instead of dissipating it. This leads to a reduction of the losses by 20-30% of the passive circuit and a significant improve of the efficiency. The second reset circuit is based on the topology presented, where the excessive energy is stored in an capacitor which is in series to the freewheeling diode. This energy is used to premagnetize the transformer core. In the paper a charging circuit which compensates for the losses is added to this topology. Furthermore, control strategies are presented which allow to keep the premagnetizing current constant for a certain period of time and which could be applied for using the remanence of the core for a pulse premagnetization. In this case the core is premagnetized with a current which is turned off after the premagnitization. In the paper detailed information on the waveforms and the design of the proposed topologies is given and the losses of the different topologies are compared.
Glycosylated DNA-Binding Proteins from Filamentous Fungus,Aspergillus oryzae: Modification withN-Acetylglucosamine Monosaccharide through anO-Glycosidic Linkage (1994)

The existence of glycosylated DNA-binding proteins was demonstrated in a whole cell extract from a filamentous fungus, Aspergillus oryzae. The proteins were specifically eluted from a DNA-cellulose column by the eluate containing shared double-stranded DNA and were detected by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA)-probing. The apparent molecular masses of these proteins on SDS-PAGE were 140 kDa, 115 kDa, 105kDa, 68 kDa, and 60 kDa. The labeling of the proteins by uridine 5′-diphosphate(UDP)-[14C]galactose using galactosyltransferase showed the same electrophoretic pattern with the WGA-probing. The [14C]- galactose-labeled saccharides were released from the proteins by mild-base treatment but not by N-glycopeptidase F digestion, indicating the O-glycosidic linkage of the saccharide chain attachment to proteins. The [14C]galactose-labeled saccharides co-migrated with galactose-(β1 → 4)-N-acetylglucosaminitoI on a silica gel plate. Thus, it was seen that several proteins which had the DNA-binding activity were modifie...
Localization of epithelial sodium channel and aquaporin-2 in rabbit kidney cortex (2000)

The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the vasopressin-dependent water channel aquaporin-2 (AQP2) mediate mineralocorticoid-regulated sodium- and vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption, respectively. Distributions of ENaC and AQP2 have been shown by immunohistochemistry in rats. Functional data from rabbits suggest a different distribution pattern of these channels than in rats. We studied, by immunohistochemistry in the rabbit kidney cortex, the distributions of ENaC and AQP2, in conjunction with marker proteins for distal segments. In rabbit cortex ENaC is restricted to the connecting tubule (CNT) cells and cortical collecting duct (CCD) cells. The intracellular distribution of ENaC shifts from the apical membrane in the most upstream CNT cells to a cytoplasmic location further downstream in the CNT and in the CCD cells. AQP2 is detected in the CCD cells exclusively. The anatomic subdivisions in the rabbit distal nephron coincide exactly with distributions of apical transport systems. The differences between rabbits and rats in the distribution patterns of ENaC and AQP2 may explain functional differences in renal salt and water handling between these species.
Learning Cross-Video Neural Representations for High-Quality Frame Interpolation (2022)

This paper considers the problem of temporal video interpolation, where the goal is to synthesize a new video frame given its two neighbors. We propose Cross-Video Neural Representation (CURE) as the first video interpolation method based on neural fields (NF). NF refers to the recent class of methods for the neural representation of complex 3D scenes that has seen widespread success and application across computer vision. CURE represents the video as a continuous function parameterized by a coordinate-based neural network, whose inputs are the spatiotemporal coordinates and outputs are the corresponding RGB values. CURE introduces a new architecture that conditions the neural network on the input frames for imposing space-time consistency in the synthesized video. This not only improves the final interpolation quality, but also enables CURE to learn a prior across multiple videos. Experimental evaluations show that CURE achieves the state-of-the-art performance on video interpolation on several benchmark datasets.
Quantitative and Qualitative Comparison of Some Area and Feature-based Stereo Algorithms (1992)

Evaluating the performance of stereo algorithms, both in terms of robustness and precision, is of critical importance as they become more amenable to practical applications. It is, however, a hard task because no unified testbed exists. In this paper, we use the algorithms that have been developed at INRIA in recent years to propose a number of methods that can be used to achieve this task and evaluate the appropriateness of algorithms for given applications. ∗Support for this research was partially provided by ESPRIT P2502 (VOILA), the CNES VAP contract, the EUREKA Prometheus Contract and a Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency contract (at SRI int.).
Abstract 4535: Molecular-genetic imaging of prostate cancer. (2013)

Abstract Cancer-specific promoters, such as the progression elevated gene-3 or the astrocyte elevated gene promoters, PEG-Prom and AEG-Prom, respectively, can be used as molecular genetic imaging instruments for tumor-selective imaging of cancer. We have previously shown this in experimental models of metastatic breast cancer and melanoma using bioluminescence imaging (BLI) and single photon emission computed tomography with computed tomography (SPECT/CT). Here we show that we can express PEG-Prom and AEG-Prom selectively in PC3-ML (human bone metastatic derived prostate cancer) cells and use these constructs for imaging prostate cancer in vivo. PC3-ML cells were transfected with firefly luciferase (FLuc) or the herpes simplex type I thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk), and validated for suitable transfection through bioluminescence and [125I]FIAU cell uptake assays, respectively. PC3-ML cells were administered through intra-cardiac injection to allow widespread metastases. A linear polyethyleneimine (l-PEI) nanoparticle was used for intravenous (IV) delivery of the promoter constructs to animals bearing metastases. PEG-Prom- and AEG-Prom-driven imaging reporter gene expression was monitored by small animal BLI and by SPECT/CT after IV administration of D-luciferin or [125I]FIAU, respectively. Both BLI and SPECT/CT imaging demonstrated tumor-specific PEG-Prom and AEG-Prom activity in the model of metastatic prostate cancer but not in control. Using the thoracic cavity and tibia as the regions of interest (ROI), quantification of the BLI data (n=6) at the 48 h time point after reporter gene delivery showed a range of 16- to 19-fold higher accumulation of FLuc in the metastasis group compared to control for PEG-Prom and AEG-Prom, respectively. BLI results were confirmed by histopathology, immunohistochemistry and western blot. Quantification of the SPECT/CT data (n=5) at the 56 h time point after reporter gene and 8 h after [125I]FIAU delivery showed a 3- to 11-fold higher accumulation of [125I]FIAU, depending on the tumor burden, in the group bearing metastases compared to control for AEG-Prom. Metastatic nodules detected by the SPECT/CT imaging were confirmed by pathology. The results demonstrate the potential of systemically delivered, PEG-Prom- and AEG-Prom-driven constructs for enabling the imaging of metastatic prostate cancer in vivo. Citation Format: Akrita Bhatnager, Kathleen Gabrielson, Paul B. Fisher, Martin G. Pomper. Molecular-genetic imaging of prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4535. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4535
Steric and electronic effects of R in (2-(4-R-C6H4)indenyl)2ZrCl2 catalysts on the synthesis of elastomeric polypropylene (1998)

Metallocene catalysts derived from bis(2-arylindenyl)zirconium dichloride catalysts yield elastomeric stereoblock polypropylene. A study of the steric and electronic effects of varying the 4-substituent of bis(2-(4-R-C6H4)indenyl)zirconium dichloride [(1 RH, 2 RMe, 3 REt, 4 RnBu, 5 RtBu, 6 RSiMe3, 7 RCF3, 8 RCl)] on propylene polymerization at 25, 50, 75 psig and bulk propylene revealed that the polymerization behavior of these catalysts is not strongly influenced by the nature of the substituent in the 4-position of the 2-aryl substituent. Examinations of the microstructure of the elastomeric polypropylenes produced showed that for catalysts 2–8 the isotacticities varied over a small range and were similar to those produced by catalyst 1 (20%≤[mmmm]≤44%). The catalyst productivities and molecular weights also showed the same trend. Complex 3 was crystallographically characterized and was found to crystallize in exclusively the meso conformation.
Automatic segmentation of the aorta and the adjoining vessels (2010)

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are one of the main causes of death in the Western world. Especially the aorta and its main descending vessels are of high importance for diagnosis and treatment. Today, minimally invasive interventions are becoming increasingly popular due to their advantages like cost effectiveness and minimized risk for the patient. The training of such interventions, which require much of coordination skills, can be trained by task training systems, which are operation simualtion units. These systems require a data model that can be reconstructed from given patient data sets. In this paper, we present a method that allows to segment and classify aorta, carotides, and ostium (including coronary arteries) in one run, fully automatic and highly robust. The system tolerates changes in topology, streak artifacts in CT caused by calcification and inhomogeneous distribution of contrast agent. Both CT and MRI-Images can be processed. The underlying algorithm is based on a combination of Vesselness Enhancement Diffusion, Region Growing, and the Level Set Method. The system showed good results on all 15 real patient data sets whereby the deviation was smaller than two voxels.
Design of a Frequency-Agile and Surface Mountable Suspended Integrated Strip-Line Bandpass Filter Using Castellated Vias (2022)

In this paper, a novel method of surface mounting suspended integrated strip-line (SISL) components is designed, and a surface-mount technology (SMT) thru-line is built to demonstrate its feasibility. Additionally, a varactor-based tunable combline filter is designed and fabricated in the same SMT structure to illustrate an application of the technology. A castellated via is used in order to make surface mounting easy and accessible. The design concept is explained, models are provided, and simulated results are shown. The fabricated thru-line and filter are measured, demonstrating the SMT-able technology as well as an S-band tunable filter.
Near Specular Scatter Measurement Techniques For Curved Samples (1989)

Measurement of near specular scatter requires the specular beam to be tightly focused at the detector plane. The instrument signature is compared to the sample data and the separation point found to determine the minimum measurable scatter angle. Problems arise with this technique when curved samples are measured because the sample changes the beam focus location and requires adjustments to the instrument optics. The result is a focused spot of different diameter. This causes problems when comparing to the instrument signature. This issue, and its correction, are discussed in the paper. Converging samples can be measured closer to specular than flats of similar quality, while diverging samples reduce the ability to measure near specular. Data is presented to illustrate this effect.
Repairing the lungs one breath at a time: How dedicated or facultative are you? (2018)

Tissue regeneration involves various types of cellular and molecular responses depending on the type of tissue and the injury or disease that is inflicted. While many tissues contain dedicated stem/progenitor cell lineages, many others contain cells that, during homeostasis, are considered physiologically functional and fully differentiated but, after injury or in disease states, exhibit stem/progenitor-like activity. Recent identification of subsets of defined cell types as facultative stem/progenitor cells has led to a re-examination of how certain tissues respond to injury to mount a regenerative response. In this review, we focus on lung regeneration to explore the importance of facultative regeneration controlled by functional and differentiated cell lineages as well as how they are positioned and regulated by distinct tissue niches. Additionally, we discuss the molecular signals to which cells respond in their differentiated state during homeostasis and those signals that promote effective regeneration of damaged or lost cells and structures after injury.
Polar effects in free-radical reactions. Selectivity and reversibility in the homolytic benzylation of protonated heteroaromatic bases (1986)

The homolytic benzylation of protonated 4-cyanopyridine, quinoline, 2-methyl- and 4-methylquinoline, isoquinoline, and quinoxaline is investigated. The great influence of the polar effect and of the reversibility of the addition of the benzyl radical on the reaction selectivity is discussed. It is put forward the hypothesis that the HSAB principle can be extended to free-radical reactions when the polar effect is the dominant factor. © 1986, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves picture naming in Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal dementia. (P3.089) (2017)

Examine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) could improve picture naming abilities in people living with mild dementia (Alzheimer’s and frontotemporal forms).
Recovery of Sesamin, Sesamolin, and Minor Lignans From Sesame Oil Using Solid Support-Free Liquid–Liquid Extraction and Chromatography Techniques and Evaluation of Their Enzymatic Inhibition Properties (2019)

In this study, an integrated process for the recovery of sesamin and sesamolin, two high added-value lignans of sesame oil (SO) was developed, using synchronous extraction and chromatography techniques. The extraction of SO phenolic content was studied using two different extraction techniques: Annular centrifugal extraction (ACE) and centrifugal partition extraction (CPE). The derived data of each experiment were compared in terms of revealing the yields, time, and solvents consumption showing that CPE is the most effective technique, concerning the solvent consumption. The isolation of lignans was achieved using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) both on semi-preparative and preparative scale. The biphasic system used for this purpose consisted of the following solvents: n-Hex/EtOAc/EtOH/H<sub>2</sub>O in proportion 2:3:3:2 (v/v/v/v) and direct recovery of the two major lignans sesamin and sesamolin was achieved. In parallel the CPC analysis resulted in the isolation of four minor lignans of sesame oil, i.e., samin, sesamol, sesaminol, and episesaminol. Structure elucidation of isolated lignans was based on HRMS/MS and NMR experiments. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for quantitative analysis of the obtained extracts to determine the purity of the isolated compounds as well. The results of this study demonstrated that sesamin and sesamolin were recovered in purity higher than 95%, verifying the effectiveness of the purposed separation methodology. Finally, due to the general application of sesame oil in cosmetic industry, all the pure compounds were evaluated for their tyrosinase, elastase, collagenase, and hyaluronidase inhibition activity.
Human IgG Fc domain engineering enhances antitoxin neutralizing antibody activity (2014)

The effector activity of antibodies is dependent on engagement with Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) and activation of the associated intracellular signaling pathways. Preclinical evaluation of therapeutic humanized or chimeric mAbs to study the interactions of their Fc regions with FcγRs is hampered by substantial structural and functional FcγR diversity among species. In this report, we used mice expressing only human FcγRs to evaluate the contribution of FcγR-mediated pathways to the neutralizing activity of an anti-anthrax toxin chimeric mAb. We observed that the protective activity of this mAb was highly dependent upon FcγR engagement, with minimal protection against anthrax toxin observed in FcγR-deficient mice following mAb administration. We generated anti-anthrax toxin mAbs with specific Fc domain variants with selectively enhanced affinity for particular human FcγRs and assessed their activity in FcγR-humanized mice. We determined that Fc domain variants that were capable of selectively engaging activating FcγRs substantially enhanced the in vitro and in vivo activity of anthrax toxin-neutralizing antibodies. These findings indicate that the application of Fc domain engineering is a feasible strategy to enhance toxin-neutralizing activity and suggest that engineered antitoxin antibodies will have improved therapeutic efficacy.
Determination of Horizontal and Vertical Permeabilities Using Multiprobe Wireline Formation Tester in Layered Formations (1995)

Abstract A new interpretation technique is described for determining the horizontal and vertical permeabilities and the porosity-total compressibility product using a multiprobe wireline formation tester. The multiprobe tester (tool) provides the capability to conduct controlled local production and interference tests along an openhole. It also permits flexible configuration. In this paper, we describe a three-probe configuration that consists of a sink, a diametrically opposite horizontal observation probe, and one vertically displaced observation probe. Pressure measurements from two observation probes are used for the estimation of unknown formation parameters. In layered and heterogeneous formations, this configuration allows one to test interlayer communication and to determine individual layer properties. The interpretation technique is applied for the estimation of the layer horizontal and vertical permeabilities and the porosity and total compressibility product for a carbonate formation in an offshore field in Abu Dhabi.
Silicon Germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor ESD power clamps and the Johnson Limit (2001)

Achieving radio frequency (RF) performance circuit objectives and electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection will continue to challenge future technology. In this study, we use the ultimate limitation of the transistor (e.g., known as the Johnson Limit) as a means to provide an ESD power clamp by providing a first low breakdown trigger device and a second high breakdown clamp device. Using the inverse relationship between unity current gain cutoff frequency and breakdown voltage, ESD power clamps are constructed using epitaxial base pseudomorphic Silicon Germanium heterojunction transistors in a common-collector Darlington configuration. ESD experimental test results from human body model (HBM), machine model (MM) and transmission line pulse (TLP) testing demonstrate the scaling of ESD power clamps. Design studies of alternative implementations, resistor ballasting and alternative triggers will be discussed. As a comparative analysis, the SiGe-based ESD power clamps will be compared to CMOS MOSFET-based ESD power clamps. A new dimensionless group is defined to quantify the relationship between the power-to-failure and the maximum Johnson limit power.