gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rate-dependent deformation of amorphous sulfide glass electrolytes for solid-state batteries (2022)

Sulfide glasses are emerging as potential electrolytes for solid-state batteries. The mechanical behavior of these materials can significantly impact cell performance, and it is thus imperative to understand their deformation and fracture mechanisms. Previous work mainly reports properties obtained under quasi-static loading conditions, but very little is known about deformation under dynamic conditions. The current investigation shows that the sulfide glass mechanical behavior is dominated by viscoplasticity, differing substantially from polycrystalline oxide and sulfide solid electrolytes. Finite element modeling indicates that the sulfide glass stiffness is high enough to maintain good contact with softer lithium metal electrodes under moderate stack pressures. The observed viscoplasticity also implies that battery operating conditions will play an important role in electro-chemo-mechanical processes that are associated with dendritic lithium penetration. In general, the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of the sulfide glass electrolytes documented here offers a new dimension for designing next-generation all-solid-state batteries.
Plasmid DNA Vaccine-Elicited Cellular Immune Responses Limit In Vivo Vaccine Antigen Expression through Fas-Mediated Apoptosis (2007)

Particularly potent cellular or humoral immune responses are needed to confer protection in animal models against such pathogens as HIV/SIV, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and malarial parasites. Persistent, high-level vaccine Ag expression may be required for eliciting such potent and durable immune responses. Although plasmid DNA immunogens are being explored as potential vaccines for protection against these pathogens, little is known about host factors that restrict long-term plasmid DNA vaccine Ag expression in vivo. We observed rapid damping of transgene expression from a plasmid DNA immunogen in wild-type, but not in T cell-deficient mice. This damping of Ag expression was temporally associated with the emergence of Ag-specific cellular immune responses. A requirement for Fas and the appearance of apoptotic nuclei at the site of vaccine inoculation suggest that T cells induce Fas-mediated apoptosis of plasmid DNA vaccine Ag-expressing cells. These studies demonstrate that high levels of in vivo Ag expression are associated with high-frequency cellular immune responses that in turn rapidly down-regulate vaccine Ag expression in vivo. These findings argue that it may not be possible to maintain persistent, high-level production of vaccine Ag in vivo to drive persistent immune responses as long as vaccine Ag production can be limited by host immune responses.
Expansion Behavior and Temperature Mapping of Thermites in Burn Tubes as a Function of Fill Length (2014)

Abstract The reaction of loosely‐packed aluminum/copper oxide (Al/CuO) thermites in a 12 cm long acrylic burn tube was investigated as a function of the fill length from 2 to 10 cm. The velocity of the luminous front was measured both in the filled and unfilled region, and approached 1000 m s −1 in the unfilled region, independent of the fill length. This value is approximately a factor of two higher than the fastest velocity measured in the filled region, 606 m s −1 , for the 10 cm filled tube. The velocity increase in the unfilled region ist likely due to the increased open porosity, which can support faster flow velocities for a given pressure gradient relative to that in the porous material. A high‐speed color imaging pyrometer was used to thermally map the evolution of the flame in both regions. Near the luminous front in the filled section, the temperature was observed to rapidly increase in a 1–2 cm zone to a maximum value near 3200 K, and an average value near 3000 K was sustained in the wake well after the front passes and exits the tube. In partially‐filled tubes, even for the lowest fill length of 2 cm, the intermediate and/or product species could be seen to expand forward and completely fill the tube with a sustained temperature of ca. 3000 K. This temperature did not decay during the expansion, suggesting that the material continues to react as it expands. The results raise several questions about what a burn tube experiment is really measuring; such as what fraction of the material has burned when the luminous front passes and what role open cracks or microstructures play in promoting transport. These questions are critically important towards developing a predictive capability for confined, loosely packed deflagrations.
Rapid Microwave-Assisted Reductive Amination of Ketones with Anilines (2006)

Using microwave technology, a new protocol has been developed that improves the reaction rate and overall efficiency of the direct reductive amination of ketones with anilines. When using sodium triacetoxyborohydride as the reducing agent, high product yields and increased reaction rates are achieved for a variety of electronically different anilines. Furthermore, we have found that this protocol can also be applied to aldehydes.
Gene cloning, sequence analysis, purification, and characterization of a thermostable aminoacylase from Bacillus stearothermophilus (1993)

A genomic DNA fragment encoding aminoacylase activity of the eubacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus was cloned into Escherichia coli. Transformants expressing aminoacylase activity were selected by their ability to complement E. coli mutants defective in acetylornithine deacetylase activity, the enzyme that converts N-acetylornithine to ornithine in the arginine biosynthetic pathway. The 2.3-kb cloned fragment has been entirely sequenced. Analysis of the sequence revealed two open reading frames, one of which encoded the aminoacylase. B. stearothermophilus aminoacylase, produced in E. coli, was purified to near homogeneity in three steps, one of which took advantage of the intrinsic thermostability of the enzyme. The enzyme exists as homotetramer of 43-kDa subunits as shown by cross-linking experiments. The deacetylating capacity of purified aminoacylase varies considerably depending on the nature of the amino acid residue in the substrate. The enzyme hydrolyzes N-acyl derivatives of aromatic amino acids most efficiently. Comparison of the predicted amino acid sequence of B. stearothermophilus aminoacylase with those of eubacterial acetylornithine deacylase, succinyldiaminopimelate desuccinylase, carboxypeptidase G2, and eukaryotic aminoacylase I suggests a common origin for these enzymes.
Molecular Characteristics of Corn Fiber Gum and Their Influence on CFG Emulsifying Properties (2007)

ABSTRACT The molecular characteristics of two purified arabinoxylan fractions derived from corn kernels, corn fiber gum‐1 and ‐2 (CFG‐1 and ‐2), have been studied and correlated with emulsifying properties. CFG‐1 and ‐2 fractions were isolated from different corn fiber sources by 1) a sequential alkaline extraction and H 2 O 2 bleaching to produce CFG‐1; and 2) additional H 2 O 2 treatment of the alkali‐extracted residue at pH 11.5, yielding CFG‐2. Multiangle laser light‐scattering and online viscosity were used to measure the molar mass, polydispersity, structure compactness, and intrinsic viscosity of the generated CFG fractions. Emulsification properties in an oil‐in‐water emulsion system with 10:1 oil‐to‐gum ratio was investigated by measuring turbidity of an aliquot from the bottom of the diluted emulsion over 10 days. The isolated CFG‐2 from each fiber source was higher in weight‐average molar mass ( M w ) polydispersity) ( M w / M n ) and structure compactness, and also lower in solution weight‐average intrinsic viscosity (η w ) than the corresponding CFG‐1. Average M w and η w values were 244–491 kDa and 1.35–1.84 dL/g, respectively. The emulsion stabilizing capacity of CFG‐2 from each fiber source was superior to the corresponding CFG‐1.
Design and Comprehensive Conformational Studies of Tyr1-cyclo(d-Pen2-Gly3-Phe4-l-3-Mpt5) and Tyr1-cyclo(d-Pen2-Gly3-Phe4-d-3-Mpt5):  Novel Conformationally Constrained Opioid Peptides (1996)

Two compounds, Tyr1-cyclo(d-Pen2-Gly3-Phe4-l-3-Mpt5) (DPMPT; 3-Mpt is trans-3-mercaptoproline) and Tyr1-cyclo(d-Pen2-Gly3-Phe4-d-3-Mpt5) (DPDMPT), were designed employing energy calculations. Geometrical comparison showed that some low-energy 3D structures of DPMPT and DPDMPT are compatible with the model for the δ-receptor-bound conformation of the well-known δ-selective DPDPE peptide Tyr1-cyclo(d-Pen2-Gly3-Phe4-d-Pen5, which was proposed by us earlier. DPMPT and DPDMPT were tested for their binding to δ-, μ- and κ-opioid receptors. The corresponding Ki values were 3.5, 68, and >5000 nM for DPMPT, and 103.7, >5000, and >5000 nM for DPDMPT, respectively. Independent studies by homo- and heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy and energy calculations showed that DPMPT exists in DMSO solution in conformational equilibrium among several backbone conformations with the same type of 3D structure for the cyclic moiety, but with somewhat different conformers of the acyclic part of the molecule and two types of rotamers for the d-Pen side chain, namely, t and g-. For DPDMPT, energy calculations combined with the NMR data suggest that any one out of four low-energy conformers belonging to the same type of the backbone of the cyclic moiety may be a possible candidate for the DPDMPT conformer in DMSO. The DPDMPT structure revealed by X-ray crystallography showed remarkable similarity to DPDMPT solution conformations. The determined solution conformations of both compounds were compared to their suggested δ-receptor-bound conformers. Results of comparison showed that all four of the possible solution conformations of DPDMPT are nonsimilar to the DPDMPT δ-receptor-bound conformation, whereas two of the possible solution conformations of DPMPT are compatible with the suggested δ-receptor-bound conformation of DPMPT. This finding can explain the difference in binding of DPMPT and DPDMPT to δ-opioid receptors by a suggestion that the δ-receptor-bound conformation of DPMPT already preexists in solution, whereas solution conformations of DPDMPT should be more significantly distorted to match the δ-receptor-bound conformation of DPDMPT.
Reduction of Metastasis via Epigenetic Modulation in a Murine Model of Metastatic Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) (2022)

This study investigates the effects of a dual selective Class I histone deacetylase (HDAC)/lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (LSD1) inhibitor known as 4SC-202 (Domatinostat) on tumor growth and metastasis in a highly metastatic murine model of Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC). 4SC-202 is cytotoxic and cytostatic to the TNBC murine cell line 4T1 and the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231; the drug does not kill the normal breast epithelial cell line MCF10A. Furthermore, 4SC-202 reduces cancer cell migration. In vivo studies conducted in the syngeneic 4T1 model, which closely mimics human TNBC in terms of sites of metastasis, reveal reduced tumor burden and lung metastasis. The mechanism of action of 4SC-202 may involve effects on cancer stem cells (CSC) which can self-renew and form metastatic lesions. Approximately 5% of the total 4T1 cell population grown in three-dimensional scaffolds had a distinct CD44<sup>high</sup>/CD24<sup>low</sup> CSC profile which decreased after treatment. Bulk transcriptome (RNA) sequencing analyses of 4T1 tumors reveal changes in metastasis-related pathways in 4SC-202-treated tumors, including changes to expression levels of genes implicated in cell migration and cell motility. In summary, 4SC-202 treatment of tumors from a highly metastatic murine model of TNBC reduces metastasis and warrants further preclinical studies.
Deletion of M2 Gene Open Reading Frames 1 and 2 of Human Metapneumovirus: Effects on RNA Synthesis, Attenuation, and Immunogenicity (2005)

The M2 gene of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) contains two overlapping open reading frames (ORFs), M2-1 and M2-2. The expression of separate M2-1 and M2-2 proteins from these ORFs was confirmed, and recombinant HMPVs were recovered in which expression of M2-1 and M2-2 was ablated individually or together [rdeltaM2-1, rdeltaM2-2, and rdeltaM2(1+2)]. Each M2 mutant virus directed efficient multicycle growth in Vero cells. The ability to recover HMPV lacking M2-1 contrasts with human respiratory syncytial virus, for which M2-1 is an essential transcription factor. Expression of the downstream HMPV M2-2 ORF was not reduced when translation of the upstream M2-1 ORF was silenced, indicating that it is initiated separately. The rdeltaM2-2 mutants exhibited a two- to fivefold increase in the accumulation of mRNA, normalized to the genome template, suggesting that M2-2 has a role in regulating RNA synthesis. Replication and immunogenicity were tested in hamsters. Animals infected intranasally with rdeltaM2-1 or rdeltaM2(1+2) did not have recoverable virus in the lungs or nasal turbinates on days 3 or 5 postinfection and did not develop HMPV-neutralizing serum antibodies or resistance to HMPV challenge. Thus, M2-1 appears to be essential for significant virus replication in vivo. In animals infected with rdeltaM2-2, virus was recovered from only 1 of 12 animals and only in the nasal turbinates on a single day. However, all of the animals developed a high titer of HMPV-neutralizing serum antibodies and were highly protected against challenge with wild-type HMPV. The HMPV rdeltaM2-2 virus is a promising and highly attenuated HMPV vaccine candidate.
P4‐081: Environmental Stress and Glucocorticoids Trigger an HDAC6‐Dependent Induction of Stress Granules and TAU Aggregation: Implications For Alzheimer's Disease (2016)

Chronic stress and elevated glucocorticoids (GCs) levels has been implicated in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the cellular mechanisms underlying stress-induced Tau pathology are unclear. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is suggested to be an important epigenetic component of AD pathology while recent evidence suggests a HDAC6 cytoplasmic role in the formation of Stress granules (SGs) which may promote neurotoxic Tau aggregation. Using both AD animal and cellular models expressing the mutated human P301L-Tau, we clarify the role of SGs and HDAC6 in the cellular mechanisms underlying stress-driven Tau pathology. Hereby, we report that prolong exposure to environmental stress triggers the induction of several SG markers such as TIA-1 and TLS-FUS, accompanied by elevated hippocampal Tau aggregates in P301L-Tau Tg mice causing memory deficits and anxious behavior. In vitro support shows that treatment with synthetic GC Dexamethasone mimics the stress-driven cellular responses inducing the co-localized formation of SG and Tau accumulates in P301L-Tau SHSY5Y cells while selective HDAC6 inhibitor, Tubacin, attenuated both GC-evoked SG and Tau elevation. Altogether, these findings provide novel mechanistic evidence about the neurodegenerative role of chronic stress and GCs highlighting HDAC6 and SG as essential cellular partners in stress-induced AD pathology.
Renversement du temps, ondes et innovation (2010)

conference du college de france sur le theme Renversement du temps, ondes et innovation presente le mardi 4 mai 2010 par le PrMathias Fink (Physicien et professeur a l’Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI)).
Abstract 582: Accelerating drug development with a CLIA approved functional test using patient derived organoids (2018)

Abstract The pool of targeted therapies is expanding steadily providing novel treatment opportunities. However, the process of expanding indications and including additional cancer types after initial approval is slow. Here we present an in vitro clinical trial platform using the data from the first CLIA-approved Precision Medicine Platform using high-throughput screening (P.A.R.I.S. Assay, SEngine Precision Medicine, Seattle, WA). Briefly, patient-derived tumor cells from biopsies are expanded as living organoids, and functionally evaluated using a high-throughput drug screen. The drug library currently includes FDA approved and experimental drugs. Results are integrated with known genomic information and reported to the clinician to highlight treatment options of an individual patient. Combining this data from multiple patients enables the discovery of novel indications and biomarkers. To date we have acquired data from a wide range of tumor types including hard-to-treat cancers, rare tumor types and tumors from heavily pretreated patients. In addition, we also have collected data from more than 100 patient derived cell lines. Using the data analysis platform developed in R, the drug responses across all patient screens of a given drug can be analyzed to find common indicators of sensitivities. For instance, a BRD4 inhibitor (CPI-203), which was tested on 8 different primary tumor samples, was selectively active in a subset of the patients. Interestingly, most of the responding tumor types are ovarian and breast cancer cases with mutations in BRCA1 or EZH2. However, there are currently no clinical trials investigating the more developed BRD4 inhibitor CPI-0610 for breast or ovarian cancer. Non-responders, on the other hand, are spread between multiple cancer types. The number of patients receiving the P.A.R.I.S. test is steadily increasing and these patient cases contribute to our knowledge base. As this test is used to inform clinicians about potential treatment opportunities, we are also accumulating information on how these patients respond to treatment. Overall, this platform will provide real world data for optimal drug combinations and novel biomarkers to quickly expand indications of existing drugs. Citation Format: Franz X. Schaub, Michael J. Churchill, Hallie A. Swan, Rachele Rosati, Roland M. Watt, Reid C. Shaw, Stephanie A. Murphy, Robert L. Diaz, Shalini C. Pereira, Carla Grandori. Accelerating drug development with a CLIA approved functional test using patient derived organoids [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 582.
Microwave Absorption and Molecular Structure in Liquids. XIV. The Apparent Critical Wave Lengths of Liquid Long Chain Alcohols1 (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicrowave Absorption and Molecular Structure in Liquids. XIV. The Apparent Critical Wave Lengths of Liquid Long Chain Alcohols1G. B. Rathmann, A. J. Curtis, P. L. McGeer, and C. P. SmythCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 10, 2035–2038Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01591a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01591a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views61Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Brush Deformation Effects on Poly Vinyl Acetal Brush Scrubbing (2018)

PVA brush scrubbing techniques are widely used in cleaning processes for semiconductor device manufacturing. These cleaning processes are typically monitored by measuring the forces or torques generated during PVA brush scrubbing. In this paper, we discuss whether these measured parameters reflect the real contact conditions during scrubbing. We measured the shear forces generated by brush sliding. The shear forces were strongly correlated with brush deformation. In addition, brush rotation greatly suppressed brush deformation and shear force. This result indicates that a portion of the shear force was generated by brush deformation and not contact conditions. We also measured the torque generated by the PVA brush rotation on a surface. We concluded that these types of measurements, which reduced brush deformations, were suitable for evaluating contact conditions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Imaging Pharmacodynamics of the α-Folate Receptor–Targeted Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor BGC 945 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Imaging Pharmacodynamics of the α-Folate Receptor–Targeted Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor BGC 945
Spatial coherence and its relationship to human tissue: An analytical description of imaging methods (2013)

This paper describes the spatial coherence properties of the signal backscattered by human tissue and measured by an ultrasound transducer. Fourier acoustics are used to describe the propagation of ultrasound through a model of tissue that includes multiple reverberations and random scatterers in the imaging plane. The theoretical development describes the evolution of the spatial coherence as it propagates through the near-field tissue layers, is reflected at the focus, and is received at the transducer surface. Simulations are used to propagate the acoustic field through a histologically measured representation of the human abdomen and to validate the theoretical predictions. In vivo measurements performed with a diagnostic ultrasound scanner demonstrate show that simulations and theory closely match the measured spatial coherence characteristics in the human body. The theoretical framework and simulations are then used to describe the physics of spatial coherence imaging, a type of ultrasound imaging that measures tissue's scattering properties with high resolution and contrast.
Effect of obesity on retinal vascular structure in pre-adolescent children (2010)

Our data provide evidence of adverse retinal microvascular caliber changes in obese pre-adolescent children, well before the onset of metabolic and cardiovascular disease in adulthood, and support an early, generalized adverse effect of adiposity on microvascular structure.
A new implementation of the device line measurement technique for accurate microwave oscillator design (1994)

In this paper a device line characterization system using a six-port measurement technique is reported for the first time. Device line measurements on a Gunn diode mounted in a coaxial fixture and on a loaded MESFET were performed at C and at L bands, respectively, in order to experimentally optimize the output microwave power and the power efficiency in their respective oscillating modes. Effects of bias conditions on the added power were investigated for both devices. In addition, the effect of the phase of the offset short circuit which terminates the gate-source port of the MESFET was also investigated. Based on these device line measurements, a MESFET oscillator was designed, built, and tested. It was found that the performance of the oscillator was in good agreement with the predicted results obtained from the device line characterization. In addition to its relatively low cost and its ability to perform simultaneous impedance and power flow measurements at an arbitrary power level, the present measurement system has the further advantage of being able to measure the large-signal reflection coefficients of negative resistance devices at the actual power level during oscillation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>