gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Inactivation of Caspase-8 in Lung Cancers (2002)

Caspase-8 (CASP8) is an apoptosis inducing cysteine protease which is activated through the formation of a death-inducing signaling complex when death receptors are complexed to their specific ligands. Recent reports indicate that CASP8 expression is lost via a combination of promoter methylation and allelic loss in subset of neuroblastomas. We investigated the state of the gene in lung tumors and cell lines. RT-PCR studies indicated that gene expression was lost in most (27 of 34, 79%) of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cell lines, but expression was retained in all 22 non-SCLC (NSCLC) lines tested. Loss of gene expression at the RNA level was associated with absent protein expression by Western blotting and lack of CASP8 enzymatic activity. Methylation of the promoter region of the CASP8 gene was present in 16 of 27 (59%) of the SCLC lines lacking gene expression. All methylated cell lines lacked the presence of an unmethylated allele indicating biallelic methylation or loss of non-methylated allele. Promoter methylation was absent in all SCLC and NSCLC cell lines retaining gene expression, and all of these lines had the unmethylated form of the gene. One non-expressing SCLC cell line, NCI-H82, had a homozygous deletion at 2q33 encompassing the chromosomal location of the CASP8 gene. The mechanism of gene inactivation in the remaining 10 of 27 (37%) non-expressing SCLC cell lines is unknown. Using five polymorphic markers for 2q33 a high frequency of allelic loss was present in SCLC lines. Analyses of fresh tumors showed that 15 of 43 (35%) of the SCLC, seven of 40 (18%) of bronchial carcinoids and none of 44 NSCLC tumors had CASP8 promoter methylation. Because only approximately 60% of SCLC cell lines lacking CASP8 expression were methylated, extrapolating from the cell line data, we estimate that approximately 58% of SCLC and 30% of bronchial carcinoids lack CASP8 expression. Thus, CASP8 expression is absent in a subset of both high grade (SCLC) and low grade (carcinoid) neuroendocrine lung tumors but not in NSCLC, which usually lack neuroendocrine features. CASP8 may function as a tumor suppressor gene in neuroendocrine lung tumors.
Flush (2007)

We present Flush, a reliable, high goodput bulk data transport protocol for wireless sensor networks. Flush provides end-to-end reliability, reduces transfer time, and adapts to time-varying network conditions. It achieves these properties using end-to-end acknowledgments, implicit snooping of control information, and a rate-control algorithm that operates at each hop along a flow. Using several real network topologies, we show that Flush closely tracks or exceeds the maximum goodput achievable by a hand-tuned but fixed rate for each hop over a wide range of path lengths and varying network conditions. Flush is scalable; its effective bandwidth over a 48-hop wireless network is approximately one-third of the rate achievable over one hop. The design of Flush is simplified by assuming that different flows do not interfere with each other, a reasonable restriction for many sensornet applications that collect bulk data in a coordinated fashion, like structural health monitoring, volcanic activity monitoring, or protocol evaluation. We collected all of the performance data presented in this paper using Flush itself.
Effect of Leaves Containing Bioactive Compounds from North Eastern Region of India on In Vitro Fermentation and Methane Production (2018)

The leaves of ambervel (Tinospora cordifolia), air plant (Bryophyllum pinnatum), papaya (Carica papaya), harad (Terminalia chebula), arjun (Terminalia arjuna), bahera (Terminalia bellirica), bael (Aegle marmelos), katahal (Artocarpus heterophyllus), curry tree (Murraya koenigii), chota dhatura (Xanthium strumarium), lohpohi (Vernonia albicans), bhedai lota (Padaraea foetida) were tested for their effects on gas and methane production, in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) and fermentation characteristics in in vitro gas production test using goat rumen liquor as inoculum. The substrate used was concentrate mixture and wheat straw mixed in 1: 1 ratio. Inclusion of leaves powder at 10% level resulted in reduction (P<0.05) in gas production ml/g DM or DDM of the substrate with only bhedai lota leaves. The highest inhibition of methane production (ml/g DM or DDM) was observed with bahera (49.3% inhibition) followed by papaya (31.1% inhibition), ambervel (17.4% inhibition), air plant (18.1% inhibition and katahal leaves (16.7% inhibition) with no change in TVFA and acetate to propionate ratio. The IVTD of substrate ranged from 60.96 to 65.5% including control showing no effect of inclusion of any of the leaves on IVTD of the feed. The results indicated that bahera, papaya, ambervel, air plant and kathal leaves appeared to have a potential to inhibit rumen methanogenesis without adversely affecting rumen fermentation characteristics.
Cold laser technique for cell surgery (1992)

A new cell surgery technique has been developed to produce well-defined alterations in cells and tissues without detectable heating and/or other structural damage in the surroundings. The technique involves the use of a 193 nm argon fluoride excimer laser which is guided through a glass pipette filled with a positive air pressure. To demonstrate the method holes were drilled in the zona pellucida of mouse oocytes. The diameter of the drilled hole was determined by the pipette tip size, and its depth by an energy emitted per pulse and number of pulses. Scanning electron microscopy of the drilled mouse oocytes showed uniform, round, well circumscribed holes with sharp edges. Oocytes that had their zona pellucida drilled with this new method fertilized in vitro and developed to the blastocyst stage in a rate similar to that of control group. These results demonstrate the non-perturbing nature of this cold laser microsurgical procedure. In addition to the extension of our results for clinical in vitro fertilization purposes, such as enhancement of fertilization and embryo biopsy, there are wide ranging possible uses of our method in fundamental and applied investigations that require sub-micron accuracy in cellular alteration.
Indexing HDFS data in PDW (2014)

There is a growing interest in making relational DBMSs work synergistically with MapReduce systems. However, there are interesting technical challenges associated with figuring out the right balance between the use and co-deployment of these systems. This paper focuses on one specific aspect of this balance, namely how to leverage the superior indexing and query processing power of a relational DBMS for data that is often more cost-effectively stored in Hadoop/HDFS. We present a method to use conventional B+-tree indices in an RDBMS for data stored in HDFS and demonstrate that our approach is especially effective for highly selective queries.
A New Methodology for On Line Lubricant Consumption Measurement (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;On-line measurement of oil consumption is of interest in light of new environmental regulations imposed on today’s high-performance engines. Lubricant consumption has a negative impact on the environment, but it also reduces the lifetime of post-treatment systems by poisoning catalysts and clogging particle filters. A new method was recently developed by Delta Services Industriels (DSi) and TOTAL France for monitoring oil consumption on running engines. It is based on lubricant labeling using new radiotracer compounds, which are made representative of the distillation interval of the base oil. Oil consumption measurement is performed in the exhaust line where tracer residues are trapped in a filter and are monitored continuously. This paper describes the new methodology and presents experimental results obtained on various fired engines, for various operating conditions.&lt;/div&gt;
E-selectin (endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) is not required for the migration of neutrophils across IL-1-stimulated endothelium in vitro (1992)

Treatment of vascular endothelial cells with inflammatory cytokines stimulates surface expression of E-selectin (previously known as endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1) and promotes the transendothelial migration of neutrophils. To assess participation of E-selectin in cytokine-mediated neutrophil migration, an in vitro model consisting of monolayers of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) grown on amniotic connective tissue was used. When HUVEC-amnion cultures were stimulated for 4 h with relatively low concentrations of IL-1 (0.1 to 0.15 U/ml), mAb BB11 or H18/7 to E-selectin partially inhibited migration of subsequently added neutrophils. However, when the cultures were stimulated with 15 U/ml of IL-1 for 4 or 24 h, little to no inhibition was observed. mAb to E-selectin also failed to inhibit migration of neutrophils across HUVEC-amnion cultures treated with low doses of IL-1 when the leukocytes were additionally stimulated by the chemoattractant leukotriene B4. In contrast, migration of neutrophils across IL-1-treated HUVEC was profoundly inhibited by mAb to CD11/CD18 leukocytic integrins under all conditions tested. Results of these studies suggest that participation of E-selectin is not essential for migration of neutrophils across cytokine-stimulated HUVEC in vitro; rather, E-selectin can be bypassed in favor of CD11/CD18-dependent mechanisms under appropriate circumstances.
Insights Into the Role of the Microbiome in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

The worldwide prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to rise at an alarming pace. Recently the potential role of the gut microbiome in these metabolic disorders has been identified. Obesity is associated with changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota, and the obese microbiome seems to be more efficient in harvesting energy from the diet. Lean male donor fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in males with metabolic syndrome resulted in a significant improvement in insulin sensitivity in conjunction with an increased intestinal microbial diversity, including a distinct increase in butyrate-producing bacterial strains. Such differences in gut microbiota composition might function as early diagnostic markers for the development of T2DM in high-risk patients. Products of intestinal microbes such as butyrate may induce beneficial metabolic effects through enhancement of mitochondrial activity, prevention of metabolic endotoxemia, and activation of intestinal gluconeogenesis via different routes of gene expression and hormone regulation. Future research should focus on whether bacterial products (like butyrate) have the same effects as the intestinal bacteria that produce it, in order to ultimately pave the way for more successful interventions for obesity and T2DM. The rapid development of the currently available techniques, including use of fecal transplantations, has already shown promising results, so there is hope for novel therapies based on the microbiota in the future.
Spatio-temporal Effects in Nonlinear Discrete Media (2006)

In this paper, we will introduce the concept of discrete solitons and we will discuss some of their spatio-temporal dynamics, which leads to interesting consequences in both the fundamental and the applied domain
Reference-free deconvolution of DNA methylation data and mediation by cell composition effects (2016)

Abstract We propose a simple method for reference-free deconvolution that provides both proportions of putative cell types defined by their underlying methylomes, the number of these constituent cell types, as well as a method for evaluating the extent to which the underlying methylomes reflect specific types of cells. We have demonstrated these methods in an analysis of 23 Infinium data sets from 13 distinct data collection efforts; these empirical evaluations show that our algorithm can reasonably estimate the number of constituent types, return cell proportion estimates that demonstrate anticipated associations with underlying phenotypic data; and methylomes that reflect the underlying biology of constituent cell types. Thus the methodology permits an explicit quantitation of the mediation of phenotypic associations with DNA methylation by cell composition effects. Although more work is needed to investigate functional information related to estimated methylomes, our proposed method provides a novel and useful foundation for conducting DNA methylation studies on heterogeneous tissues lacking reference data.
Feasibility and Robustness of 3T Magnetic Resonance Angiography Using Modified Dixon Fat Suppression in Patients With Known or Suspected Peripheral Artery Disease (2020)

<b>Objective:</b> Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is a well-established non-invasive imaging technique for the assessment of peripheral artery disease (PAD). A subtractionless method using modified Dixon (mDixon) fat suppression showed superior image quality at 1.5T over the common subtraction method, using a three-positions stepping table approach with a single dose of contrast agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of subtractionless first-pass peripheral MRA at 3T in patients with known or suspected PAD and to compare the performance in terms of vessel-to-background contrast (VBC), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and subjective image quality to conventional subtraction MRA. <b>Methods:</b> Ten patients [mean age 69 years ± 12 standard deviation (SD)] with known or suspected PAD were examined on a clinical 3T scanner (Ingenia, Philips Healthcare, Best, Netherlands) at three table positions using subtractionless and subtraction first-pass peripheral MRA. Two readers rated image quality on a four- point scale. Interobserver agreement was expressed in quadratic weighted κ values. VBC was assessed with a semi-automated process and SNR was compared in a healthy volunteer. <b>Results:</b> Subjective image quality was significantly better with the subtractionless method overall (mean image quality for mDixon imaging: 2.88 ± 0.32 SD vs. for subtraction imaging: 2.57 ± 0.48 SD; <i>P</i> < 0.001) and per table position (abdominal position: 2.88 ± 0.32 vs. 2.57 ± 0.48 SD; <i>P</i> < 0.001); upper leg position: (2.97 ± 0.15 SD vs. 2.68 ± 0.37 SD; <i>P</i> < 0.001; lower leg position: 2.60 ± 0.50 SD vs. 2.13 ± 0.60 SD; <i>P</i> < 0.001). Vessel-to-background contrast increased by 22% with the subtractionless method overall (mean VBC for mDixon imaging: 23.16 ± 8.4 SD vs. for subtraction imaging: 19.00 ± 8.1 SD; factor 1.22, <i>P</i> < 0.001). SNR was 82% higher with the subtractionless method (overall SNR gain 1.82; <i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusion:</b> This study demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of subtractionless first-pass peripheral MRA at 3T in patients with known or suspected PAD using a three- positions stepping table approach with a single dose of contrast agent. It showed increased image quality compared to the conventional subtraction method and superior performance in terms of SNR and vessel-to-background contrast.
Hydrogen-induced loss increases in hermetic and nonhermetic erbium-doped amplifier fibers (1993)

Although hydrogen-induced losses are not usually a problem for standard single-mode fibers,1 they are of potential concern for the highly doped fibers used in Er amplifiers. We have tested Er- doped fibers at high temperatures and in order to predict loss changes at typical operating conditions.
Determinants of disease in the simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaque: characterizing animals with low antibody responses and rapid progression. (1998)

Clinical and laboratory markers of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection were studied during the first 3 months after intravenous inoculation of rhesus macaques. Virus-binding serum antibody titres were correlated strongly with disease progression (P < 0.005) and were predictive of disease outcome by 7 weeks after inoculation. Low virus-binding serum antibody responses to SIV occurred in animals that also showed acute depletion of circulating CD20+ B cells. Acute damage to the CD4+ T cell and CD20+ B cell populations rendered some animals incapable of mounting virus-specific antibody responses and these macaques became the rapidly progressing cases comprising approximately 20-30% of infected animal cohorts.
DATE: Disturbance-Aware Traffic Engineering with Reinforcement Learning in Software-Defined Networks (2021)

Traffic Engineering (TE) has been applied to optimize network performance by routing/rerouting flows based on traffic loads and network topologies. To cope with network dynamics from emerging applications, it is essential to reroute flows more frequently than today’s TE to maintain network performance. However, existing TE solutions may introduce considerable Quality of Service (QoS) degradation and service disruption since they do not take the potential negative impact of flow rerouting into account. In this paper, we apply a new QoS metric named network disturbance to gauge the impact of flow rerouting while optimizing network load balancing in backbone networks. To employ this metric in TE design, we propose a disturbance-aware TE called DATE, which uses Reinforcement Learning (RL) to intelligently select some critical flows between nodes for each traffic matrix and reroute them using Linear Programming (LP) to jointly optimize network performance and disturbance. DATE is equipped with a customized actor-critic architecture and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to handle dynamic traffic and single link failures. Extensive evaluations show that DATE can outperform state-of-the-art TE methods with close-to-optimal load balancing performance while effectively mitigating the 99th percentile network disturbance by up to 31.6%.
Atomic‐Scale Evidence for an Enhanced Catalytic Reactivity of Stretched Surfaces (2003)

NO can't take the strain: NO molecules are observed to preferentially dissociate near edge dislocations which originate in the bulk phase and intersect the metal surface. The effect is caused by lattice strain, a phenomenon in heterogeneous catalysis, which has been postulated for a long time and is demonstrated here on the atomic scale by calculations and STM images (see picture of two edge dislocations; black points: N atoms).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Isoprene from 3‐Methylbutan‐2‐one Using Phosphate Catalysts. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Benchmarking of Microreactor Applications (2004)

At present, the aims of the investigations with microchemical processing devices are changing from simply proving feasibility for one chemical reaction towards more in-depth scientific studies and industrial piloting. In this way, large data sets are gathered, providing multifaceted information on the topic. To enable industrial exploitation of the technology, future investigations should aim to complete the economic evaluation of the methodology for plant engineering. Hence, commercially oriented studies have to be undertaken, not with the aim to further broaden the scope of information, but rather to achieve a new system-oriented level of know-how. Since this involves the interaction of many parties with many different skills, it is a bridging function that is needed to bring the vast amount of findings documented to a compact format and to compare it to the state of the art in the chemicals-producing industry. Accordingly, this contribution reviews many chemical reactions carried out in either credit-card-sized microdevices or in larger microflow processing tools for reasons of screening/analysis and organic synthesis/industrial piloting, respectively. Quantities which characterize the process itself, the product on a molecular and supramolecular level, and the downstream processing are compared for both microreactor and conventional processing, benchmarking the performance of microflow devices at minute and large throughput levels.
Hip Challenges: What Would You Do? (1997)

Case Challenges i? Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Munc-18-1 Inhibits Phospholipase D Activity by Direct Interaction in an Epidermal Growth Factor-reversible Manner (2004)

Mammalian phospholipase D (PLD) has been reported to be a key enzyme for epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced cellular signaling, however, the regulatory mechanism of PLD is still unclear. In this report, we found that Munc-18-1 is a potent negative regulator of PLD in the basal state and that its inhibition is abolished by EGF stimulation. We investigated PLD-binding proteins obtained from rat brain extract, and identified a 67-kDa protein as Munc-18-1 by peptide-mass finger-printing. The direct association between PLD and Munc-18-1 was confirmed by in vitro binding analysis using the purified proteins, and their binding sites were identified as the phox homology domain of PLD and multiple sites of Munc-18-1. PLD activity was potently inhibited by Munc-18-1 in vitro (IC50 = 2-5 nm), and the cotransfection of COS-7 cells with Munc-18-1 and PLD inhibited basal PLD activity in vivo. In the basal state, Munc-18-1 coprecipitated with PLD and colocalized with PLD2 at the plasma membrane of COS-7 cells. EGF treatment triggered the dissociation of Munc-18-1 from PLD when PLD was activated by EGF. The dissociation of the endogenous interaction between Munc-18-1 and PLD, and the activation of PLD by EGF were also observed in primary cultured chromaffin cells. These results suggest that Munc-18-1 is a potent negative regulator of basal PLD activity and that EGF stimulation abolishes this interaction.
Mutagenic chemistry of heteroaromatic amines and mitomycin C (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleMutagenic chemistry of heteroaromatic amines and mitomycin CYuichi Hashimoto, Koichi Shudo, and Toshihiko OkamotoCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 11, 403–408Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00107a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00107a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts