gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geosteering using Ultradeep Resistivity on the Grane Field, Norwegian North Sea (2004)

The Grane field consists of massive, homogeneous marine turbidite sandstones with excellent reservoir properties. The hydrocarbon contained in the reservoir has high density (21°API) and viscosity (12 cp), and hence an extended transition zone height of about 25 m (from OWC to S wirr ). The reservoir topography and drainage strategy impose certain geosteering challenges including landing and drilling production wells at a fixed distance above the oil-water contact (OWC), or as close to the bottom of the reservoir as possible in areas where the base reservoir is above the OWC. Similarly, gas injectors need to be drilled as close to the top of the reservoir as possible. The appraisal wells indicated consistent resistivity and saturation profiles, and geosteering based on resistivity vs. height functions was planned. However, the actual experience showed that the height above the OWC derived from LWD resistivity data was variable and often inconsistent with the suryey data. The likelihood that this was caused by subtle facies variations, anisotropy or local variations in the OWC meant that an alternative measurement on which to base geosteering decisions was needed. To meet this need Schlumberger developed the VDR (deepVision Resistivity tool) in collaboration with Norsk Hydro. The tool has the ability to detect resistivity-contrast boundaries tens of meters from the wellbore. Thus, it allows wells to be drilled at fixed distances above the OWC, while shales approaching from above and below the well path can be detected and avoided. If a shale is penetrated, the tool is able to indicate distance back to sand. The VDR data can also aid in detecting and calibrating drifting survey data, in sidetrack planning and in geomodel updating. The ability to avoid shale adds direct value by increasing the length of production intervals in the wells.
Serum sensitivity and lipopolysaccharide characteristics in Bordetella bronchiseptica, B. pertussis and B. parapertussis (1991)

The viability of four strains of Bordetella bronchiseptica, two strains of B. pertussis and one strain of B. parapertussis exposed to hyperimmune and pre-colostrum porcine serum was examined. Viable cell numbers (cfu/ml) of the B. pertussis strains and a rough strain of B. bronchiseptica (CSU-P-1) decreased by 99% and 99.99%, respectively, after exposure for 1 h to porcine hyperimmune serum. In contrast, smooth B. bronchiseptica strains and the B. parapertussis strain showed no significant decrease in viable cell numbers after the same treatment. B. bronchiseptica strain CSU-P-1 also showed a 99% decrease in viable cell numbers after exposure to pre-colostrum porcine serum for 1 h whereas the other strains tested showed no decrease in viable numbers under the same conditions. Heating the hyperimmune and pre-colostrum serum at 56 degrees C for 30 min resulted in the loss of bactericidal activity suggesting the involvement of complement in both systems. Analysis of silver-stained SDS-PAGE profiles of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from the bacterial cells indicated that the smooth strains of B. bronchiseptica and the B. parapertussis strain possessed high mol. wt O-side chain-like material, whereas the B. pertussis strains and B. bronchiseptica strain CSU-P-1 did not. Gel filtration of acid-hydrolysed LPS samples indicated two distinct carbohydrate peaks for the strains with high mol. wt O-side chain-like material, whereas the other strains each yielded one distinct peak. Western-blot analysis indicated a positive reaction for anti-B. bronchiseptica antibodies to the high mol. wt O-side chain-like material of all serum-resistant strains used in this study.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Activation of Hypoxia Response in Endothelial Cells Contributes to Ischemic Cardioprotection (2013)

Small-molecule inhibition of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl 4-hydroxylases (HIF-P4Hs) is being explored for the treatment of anemia. Previous studies have suggested that HIF-P4H-2 inhibition may also protect the heart from an ischemic insult. Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) mice, which have 76 to 93% knockdown of Hif-p4h-2 mRNA in endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and cardiomyocytes and normoxic stabilization of Hif-α, were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). Hif-p4h-2 deficiency resulted in increased survival, better-preserved left ventricle (LV) systolic function, and a smaller infarct size. Surprisingly, a significantly larger area of the LV remained perfused during LAD ligation in Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) hearts than in wild-type hearts. However, no difference was observed in collateral vessels, while the size of capillaries, but not their number, was significantly greater in Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) hearts than in wild-type hearts. Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) mice showed increased cardiac expression of endothelial Hif target genes for Tie-2, apelin, APJ, and endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) and increased serum NO concentrations. Remarkably, blockage of Tie-2 signaling was sufficient to normalize cardiac apelin and APJ expression and resulted in reversal of the enlarged-capillary phenotype and ischemic cardioprotection in Hif-p4h-2(gt/gt) hearts. Activation of the hypoxia response by HIF-P4H-2 inhibition in endothelial cells appears to be a major determinant of ischemic cardioprotection and justifies the exploration of systemic small-molecule HIF-P4H-2 inhibitors for ischemic heart disease.
Method for detecting an element (2023)

A method for detecting an element is disclosed and which includes the steps of providing a gamma-ray spectrum which depicts, at least in part, a test region having boundaries, and which has a small amount of the element to be detected; providing a calculation which detects the small amount of the element to be detected; and providing a moving window and performing the calculation within the moving window, and over a range of possible window boundaries within the test region to determine the location of the optimal test region within the gamma-ray spectrum.
Dielectric Properties of Materials Showing Constant-Phase-Element (CPE) Impedance Response (2013)

International audience
<title>Resonator fiber optic gyro employing a polarization-rotating resonator</title> (1992)

A novel fiber optic resonator employing a 90 degree polarization rotation was developed to reduce polarization related bias errors of the resonator fiber optic gyro. For the first time, we have fabricated and tested a nearly all guided-wave gyro having a polarization-rotating fiber resonator. Bias stability better than 0.4 deg/hr, random walk of 0.1 deg/root-hr, and day to day absolute bias stability of 10 deg/hr are reported. The major error mechanism of bias instability and other error sources are discussed.
Influence of nanocrystalline grain size on the breakdown strength of ceramic dielectrics (2004)

In an effort to develop transmission lines with higher energy storage capabilities for compact pulsed power applications, the University of Missouri-Rolla (UMR) and the University of New Mexico (UNM) have undertaken a collaborative approach to developing and studying ceramic dielectrics. At UMR, the electrical breakdown strength (BDS) of TiO/sub 2/-based materials is investigated for high energy density applications. The results of research to-date show that dense titania ceramics with nanocrystalline grain size (/spl sim/200 nm) exhibit significantly higher BDS as compared to ceramics made using coarse grain materials. Processing-microstructure-property relationships in TiO/sub 2/ systems are found to play a role with respect to increasing the BDS. At UNM, a pulsed power system is being assembled to perform BDS studies of the ceramic materials produced at UMR. Electromagnetic simulations in support of this work will also presented. The long-term aim of this research is to enable the fabrication of large sizes of high energy density ceramics for use in pulsed power systems.
Shear wave arrival time estimates correlate with local speckle pattern (2015)

We present simulation and phantom studies demonstrating a strong correlation between errors in shear wave arrival time estimates and the lateral position of the local speckle pattern in targets with fully developed speckle. We hypothesize that the observed arrival time variations are largely due to the underlying speckle pattern, and call the effect speckle bias. Arrival time estimation is a key step in quantitative shear wave elastography, performed by tracking tissue motion via cross-correlation of RF ultrasound echoes or similar methods. Variations in scatterer strength and interference of echoes from scatterers within the tracking beam result in an echo that does not necessarily describe the average motion within the beam, but one favoring areas of constructive interference and strong scattering. A swept-receive image, formed by fixing the transmit beam and sweeping the receive aperture over the region of interest, is used to estimate the local speckle pattern. Metrics for the lateral position of the speckle are found to correlate strongly (r > 0.7) with the estimated shear wave arrival times both in simulations and in phantoms. Lateral weighting of the swept-receive pattern improved the correlation between arrival time estimates and speckle position. The simulations indicate that high RF echo correlation does not equate to an accurate shear wave arrival time estimate-a high correlation coefficient indicates that motion is being tracked with high precision, but the location tracked is uncertain within the tracking beam width. The presence of a strong on-axis speckle is seen to imply high RF correlation and low bias. The converse does not appear to be true-highly correlated RF echoes can still produce biased arrival time estimates. The shear wave arrival time bias is relatively stable with variations in shear wave amplitude and sign (-20 μm to 20 μm simulated) compared with the variation with different speckle realizations obtained along a given tracking vector. We show that the arrival time bias is weakly dependent on shear wave amplitude compared with the variation with axial position/ local speckle pattern. Apertures of f/3 to f/8 on transmit and f/2 and f/4 on receive were simulated. Arrival time error and correlation with speckle pattern are most strongly determined by the receive aperture.
The station design in a robotized assembly line (1993)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Absorption refrigeration method with alternative water-ammonia solution circulation system for microelectronics cooling (2010)

The study develops an analytical model of an optimized small scale absorption ammonia/water refrigeration system, designed to fit smaller scale power electronics, using a pump to circulate the binary ammonia-water solution cooling agent in the proposed miniaturized system. This continues the authors' previous study of a refrigeration absorption system, by replacing the thermo-siphon and gravitational based circulation of the compensatory hydrogen gas with an actual circulation mini-pump, with application to the cooling of the electronic components populating a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) in a High-Power Microelectronics System. It is a viable alternative to the simple absorption system, due to the increase in COP from 0.4 to 0.7, while providing improved feasibility and reliability at smaller scales. The proposed system includes miniaturized refrigeration components, compact heat exchangers with meso-channels and circulation mini-pump working in a multi-step optimization (regenerative) cycle to improve the overall efficiency of the absorption system and increase the COP to 0.7. The system with pump will be simplified without the need of additional systems to provide the thermo-siphoning functionality presented in the previous study. The efficiency of the system is evaluated and compared to mechanical compression designs at similar cooling powers, and discusses the thermodynamic cycle specifics and provides an extensive analytical evaluation and calculation of each miniaturized component design. The study is concluded by identifying the pros and cons of implementing such an absorption system to real-life microelectronics applications.
Novel Schemes for Repeatable Runout Compensation Using Adaptive Feedforward Cancellation (2007)

In this paper, new methods to estimate repeatable runout (RRO) in hard disk drives are proposed. The techniques are based on adaptive feedforward cancellation (AFC). To enhance the performance, the modified filtered-X LMS (MFX-LMS) adaptive algorithm is combined with Kalman filtering. The estimated data are used in real-time control to generate the compensation signal which cancels RRO disturbances. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes and the resulting reduction of position errors in the track following mode.
ChemInform Abstract: Anionic Activation by Fluoride Ion in Solid‐Liquid Systems. Synthesis of 3(2H)‐Furanones and 2(5H)‐Furanones. (1986)

Abstract Fluoride ion is an efficient base for the heterocyclization of the compounds (I) to give furanones, e.g. (III) and (IV) [the alcohols (II) are formed in all cases, and the dihydrooxazolone (V) is produced from (Id).
Small-signal frequency response of long-wavelength vertical-cavity lasers (2001)

The small-signal frequency response of long-wavelength vertical-cavity lasers (LW-VCLs) is of interest in determining the ultimate bandwidth of these devices for use in terrestrial networks. This letter analyses two distinct device structures of double wafer-bonded vertical-cavity lasers operating at 1.5 μm and compares their high-speed performance. We demonstrate the highest modulation bandwidth and the highest modulation current efficiency of an electrically pumped LW-VCL of 7 and 4.1 GHz//spl radic/mA, respectively.
Imbalance in Production of Cytokines by Bone Marrow Stromal Cells following Cytomegalovirus Infection (1996)

The effect of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection on the production of growth factors and negative regulators in unstimulated or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human bone marrow stromal cells was assessed. After 5 days, the constitutive and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated production of growth factors was significantly decreased in CMV-infected compared with uninfected stromal cells. This decrease was noted as early as 72 h after infection and appeared to be strictly related to viral replication. On the other hand, the production of inhibitory factors was increased after CMV infection, and this increased release was detectable as early as 24 h after infection. No modulation in the production of interleukin-10 was observed after CMV infection. These data suggest that CMV disturbs the balanced cytokine network, which controls proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors. CMV-induced myelosuppression results from this lack of production of growth factors and excess production of inhibitory factors.
A 3D Indoor Localization Approach Based on Spherical Wave-front and Channel Spatial Geometry (2022)

Because of the near-field nature of radio propagation, spherical wave-front and multipath effect are prominent in indoor scenarios, making localization even more difficult. In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) indoor localization algorithm that takes these issues into account. Specifically, we first adopted a high-resolution channel parameter estimation method for path delays based on the Space-Alternating Generalized Expectation-maximization (SAGE), and then these path delays are adopted in the 3D localization principles based on the target-antenna geometry. The proposed algorithm is validated by numerical simulations, where the channel data is generated by the propagation graph (PG) to model the true wireless propagation closely in the testing scenarios. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can deal with both point and non-point targets with the 3D localization errors of less than 30 cm for 97% of the testing trails in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$10\times 20\times 3\ \mathrm{m}^{3}$</tex> indoor space.
Mass Spectrometric Methods for Peptide Sequencing: Applications to Immunology and Protein Acylation (1996)

The earliest applications of tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry to sequence analysis of an unknown peptide [1] and a protein [2] required nanomoles of sample. Today, peptides in complex mixtures can be sequenced routinely on a Finnigan triple quadrupole instrument at the 10 femtomole level [3]. Microsequence analysis by the classical Edman degradation approach requires at least 10–100 times this amount of material, making mass spectrometry the most sensitive method in the world for this purpose. It is also the method of choice for characterizing posttranslational modifications. In this chapter, we discuss the mass spectrometric approach for sequencing naturally processed peptides bound to class I major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC), and the methods used for the identification of an acylation site found in adenylate cyclase toxin.
Valve train system for an internal combustion engine (2023)

A valve train system for an internal combustion engine includes an exhaust valve moveable between an exhaust closed position and an exhaust open position. A camshaft includes a main exhaust lobe for moving the exhaust valve between the exhaust closed position and the exhaust open position for expelling exhaust constituents from the combustion chamber and an exhaust rebreath lobe for moving the exhaust valve between the exhaust closed position and the exhaust open position for allowing exhaust constituents into the combustion chamber. A two-step device is provided for transmitting motion from the camshaft to the exhaust valve and is switchable between a motion transmitting position and a motion preventing position such that the motion transmitting position allows motion to be transmitted from the exhaust rebreath lobe to the exhaust valve and the motion preventing position prevents motion from being transmitted from the exhaust rebreath lobe to the exhaust valve.
비정형 셀프센터링 가새골조의 비탄성 지진응답 (2008)

최근 새로운 지진하중 저항시스템으로 셀프센터링(SCED) 가새 시스템이 개발되었다. 진보된 가새 시스템인 비좌굴 가새(BRB) 시스템과는 달리 큰 지진이 발생한 후 구조물의 잔류 변형을 줄이거나 없앨 수 있는 셀프센터링 능력은 SCED 가새 시스템의 장점이다. 본 논문에서는 SCED 가새와 BRB 가새 시스템의 거동에 비틀림의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 세 가지 다른 편심을 가진 3차원 구조물의 응답을 비선형 동적해석을 수행하여 비교하였다. 해석결과에 따르면 층간변위의 높이방향의 변화는 비정형성에 관계없이 SCED 가새골조의 응답 BRB 가새골조보다 일정하였으며, 잔류 층간변위와 잔류 회전 응답은 비정형성이 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. 중층 구조물에서 SCED 가새골조의 변형집중계쉬(DCF)는 BRB 가새골조보다 작은 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 SCED 가새골조가 건물 높이에 따라 보다 일정하게 변형함을 의미한다. DCF의 크기에 대한 비틀림 비정형의 효과는 작았다.
Sequential Salinomycin Treatment Results in Resistance Formation through Clonal Selection of Epithelial-Like Tumor Cells (2014)

Acquiring therapy resistance is one of the major obstacles in the treatment of patients with cancer. The discovery of the cancer stem cell (CSC)-specific drug salinomycin raised hope for improved treatment options by targeting therapy-refractory CSCs and mesenchymal cancer cells. However, the occurrence of an acquired salinomycin resistance in tumor cells remains elusive. To study the formation of salinomycin resistance, mesenchymal breast cancer cells were sequentially treated with salinomycin in an in vitro cell culture assay, and the resulting differences in gene expression and salinomycin susceptibility were analyzed. We demonstrated that long-term salinomycin treatment of mesenchymal cancer cells resulted in salinomycin-resistant cells with elevated levels of epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin and miR-200c, a decreased migratory capability, and a higher susceptibility to the classic chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. The formation of salinomycin resistance through the acquisition of epithelial traits was further validated by inducing mesenchymal-epithelial transition through an overexpression of miR-200c. The transition from a mesenchymal to a more epithelial-like phenotype of salinomycin-treated tumor cells was moreover confirmed in vivo, using syngeneic and, for the first time, transgenic mouse tumor models. These results suggest that the acquisition of salinomycin resistance through the clonal selection of epithelial-like cancer cells could become exploited for improved cancer therapies by antagonizing the tumor-progressive effects of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
ENGINEERING OF URINARY SPHINCTER MUSCLE FOR THE AGEING PATIENT POPULATION (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008ENGINEERING OF URINARY SPHINCTER MUSCLE FOR THE AGEING PATIENT POPULATION Dawn Delo, Daniel Eberli, Anthony Atala, and Shay Soker Dawn DeloDawn Delo More articles by this author , Daniel EberliDaniel Eberli More articles by this author , Anthony AtalaAnthony Atala More articles by this author , and Shay SokerShay Soker More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61519-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "ENGINEERING OF URINARY SPHINCTER MUSCLE FOR THE AGEING PATIENT POPULATION." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 515 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 515 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Dawn Delo More articles by this author Daniel Eberli More articles by this author Anthony Atala More articles by this author Shay Soker More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Package-Interposer-Package (PIP): A Breakthrough Package-on-Package (PoP) Technology for 3D-Integration (2012)

Package on Package (PoP) stacking has become an attractive method for 3D integration to meet the demands of higher functionality in ever smaller packages, especially when coupled with the use of stacked die. To accomplish this, new packaging designs need to be able to integrate more dies with greater function, higher I/O counts, smaller pitches, and greater heat densities, while being pushed into smaller and smaller footprints. A new 3D “Package Interposer Package” (PIP) solution is suitable for combining multiple memory, ASICs, stacked die, stacked packaged die, etc., into a single package. This approach also favors system integration with high density power delivery by appropriate interposer design and thermal management. Traditional Package on Package (PoP) approaches use direct solder connections between the substrates and are limited to use of single (or minimum) die on the bottom substrate, to reduce warpage and improve stability. For PIP, the stability imparted by the interposer reduces warpage, allowing assemblers of the PIP to select the top and bottom components (substrates, die, stacked die, modules) from various suppliers. This mitigates the problem of variation in warpage trends from room temperature to reflow temperature for different substrates/modules when combined with other packages. PIP facilitates more space-efficient designs, and can accommodate any stacked die height without compromising warpage and stability. PIP can accommodate modules with stacked die on organic, ceramic, or silicon board substrates, where each can be detached and replaced without affecting the rest of the package. Thus, PIP will be economical for high-end electronics, since a damaged, non-factional part of the package can be selectively removed and replaced. A variety of interposer structures were used to fabricate Package Interposer Package (PIP) modules. Electrical connections were formed during reflow using a tin-lead eutectic solder paste. Interconnection among substrates (packages) in the stack was achieved using interposers. Plated through holes in the interposers, formed by laser or mechanical drilling and having diameters ranging from 50 μm to 250 μm, were filled with an electrically conductive adhesive and cured. The adhesive-filled and cured interposers were reflowed with circuitized substrates to produce a PIP structure. In summary, the present work describes an integrated approach to develop 3D PIP constructions on various stacked die or stacked packaged die configurations.