gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Prediction of Whether Intraoperative Fluorescence of Protoporphyrin IX Can Be Achieved by 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Administration (2012)

Protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) fluorescence-guided brain tumor resection, using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), is among the most valuable tools for determining tumor removal area. However, PPIX fluorescence is not necessarily achieved during an operation visually even when 5-ALA is used, and we do not know until tumor exposure to the excitation light of the ultraviolet region whether PPIX fluorescence has been achieved. When a particular biopsy and frozen section diagnosis is made, the reason for lack of PPIX fluorescence in the tissue cannot be judged. We do not know whether the tumor fails to fluoresce or no fluorescence is seen because it is not the main body of the tumor. We investigated whether the presence or absence of tumor fluorescence could be predicted by examining urinary porphyrin before surgery, at the time of intraoperative fluorescence diagnosis using 5-ALA. The urine of brain tumor patients 2 hours after 5-ALA administration was irradiated with a 405 ± 1 nm laser light. The patients were divided into a fluorescent urine group and negative fluorescent urine group. Red fluorescence was observed in response to the 405 ± 1 nm laser beam for all tumors in the fluorescent urine group. Clear red fluorescence was not observed even with 405 ± 1 nm laser beam irradiation in any tumors in the negative fluorescent urine group. Preoperative prediction of the intraoperative fluorescence of PPIX can be achieved by observation of urine 2 hours after 5-ALA administration with exposure to a 405 ± 1 nm laser light.
A preliminary study on mist CVD-derived ferroelectric Hf 1− x Zr x O 2 films featuring its possibility of suitable operation for non-volatile analog memory (2020)

Abstract We have newly developed mist CVD-derived Hf 1− x Zr x O 2 films and investigated their physical properties and basic electrical properties for application to ferroelectric analog memory device such as synaptic device for neuromorphic system. It is observed that the films consisted of microcrystal grain including ferroelectric orthorhombic phase by AFM and GIXRD measurements. Both HfO 2 and ZrO 2 film with 20 nm thickness showed good fatigue endurance against 10 9 counts of imposed pulse cycling, where some wakeup phenomena were observed. For a range of electric field (up to 1.5 MV cm −1 ) as memory-writing input with condition of minor ferroelectric hysteresis loop, a linear relationship between the input and resultant polarization at zero electric field, P ( E = 0), was obtained. Finally, it is suggested that those films of HfO 2 , Hf 0.55 Zr 0.45 O 2 and ZrO 2 are basically applicable for the ferroelectric analog memory device. Further investigation is needed in view of degradation against the input electric field and imposed fatigue pulse.
Real-time Adaptive Background Subtraction for Traffic Scenarios at Signalized Intersections Based on Roadside Fish-eye Cameras (2022)

Background subtraction (BS) has been a norm for moving object detection along a classical computer vision pipeline, especially when the labelled data is largely unavailable. It has been widely used for infrastructure-based sensing such as traffic surveillance with roadside cameras. Existing BS algorithms focus on detecting moving objects, while the temporal motionless objects are neglected. This leads to performance degradation in particular at signalized intersections where vehicles may stop to wait in red. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical adaptive BS method which can eliminate the cumulative errors for those temporally static objects based on images from roadside fish-eye cameras in real-time. The proposed method is validated in both the CARLA simulation and the real-world environment. The results show that our method outperforms ViBe and LOBSTER by about 45% and 39%, respectively, on recall, without compromising too much in precision.
ANALYSIS OF TWO-SIDED CUMULATIVE SUM CONTROL SCHEMES WITH HEADSTARTS (1985)

The necessary and sufficient conditions for various modes of interactions of the upper and lower schemes with headstarts are derived. The expression for the Laplace transform of the run-length distribution (for both interacting and non-interacting schemes) is obtained and used to develop a method of analysis for general two-sided cumulative sum schemes with headstarts. The results are shown to be relevant in the case when the schemes are supplemented by Shewhart's control limits.
Verification of transfer‐suppressed cationic polymerization of vinyl monomers (1986)

Abstract A general approach to a transfer‐suppressed proceeding of cationic vinyl polymerization is put forward. The fundamental principle of the method consists in stabilization of the counter‐ion by interaction with acceptors. This results in an orbital controlled cation‐anion interaction and by this, suppression of side reactions, for example chain transfer due to lowering the ß‐hydrogen acidity of the growing cation and the specific monomer solvation of the propagation transition state. It is shown that picric acid, initiated polymerization of p‐methoxyatyrene and vinyl ethers, runs free of transfer in contrast to LEWIS‐acid initiated systems. Cationic polymerization, initiated by iodine based systems, are in the same category as demonstrated by molecular weight distributions, monomer addition experiments, thermokinetical data and UV‐spectroscopical measurements. The results are discussed in the framework of a general energetic scheme of propagation via cation‐anion orbital controlled interactions with propagating ion pairs.
Requisite design area on the ground plane of U-shaped folded dipole antennas (2013)

This study examines quantitatively the requisite design area on the ground plane (GP) of a vertical U-shaped folded dipole antenna (VUFDA), and clarifies the space-saving effectiveness of the VUFDA design for mobile terminals compared to a conventional UFDA design. Our results show that the vertical deployment of the antenna element to the GP is much more effective than the horizontal deployment, not only for reducing the physical antenna area on GP, but also for saving the space which the antenna element actually requires for stable antenna operation. These results highlight the importance of evaluating carefully antenna miniaturization and actual space requirements in antenna designs intended for operation within mobile terminals.
Systematic review with network meta‐analysis: first‐ and second‐line pharmacotherapy for moderate‐severe ulcerative colitis (2017)

Infliximab and vedolizumab are ranked highest as first-line agents, and tofacitinib is ranked highest as second-line agent, for induction of remission and mucosal healing in patients with moderate-severe UC, based on indirect comparisons. Head-to-head trials are warranted to inform clinical decision-making with greater confidence.
Time constrained allocation and assignment techniques for high throughput signal processing (1992)

A technique for the allocation of complex application specific datapaths is presented. The technique is especially suited for the synthesis of application specific architectures for high-throughput signal processing applications. Such applications comprise hierarchical compositions of nested loops and condition blocks. A minimum area set of datapaths is allocated and the available cycle budget is automatically distributed over the different blocks of the hierarchy in one global optimization process. Results for a number of real life examples are presented. >
Anonymizing NYC Taxi Data: Does It Matter? (2016)

The widespread use of location-based services has led to an increasing availability of trajectory data from urban environments. These data carry rich information that are useful for improving cities through traffic management and city planning. Yet, it also contains information about individuals which can jeopardize their privacy. In this study, we work with the New York City (NYC) taxi trips data set publicly released by the Taxi and Limousine Commission (TLC). This data set contains information about every taxi cab ride that happened in NYC. A bad hashing of the medallion numbers (the ID corresponding to a taxi) allowed the recovery of all the medallion numbers and led to a privacy breach for the drivers, whose income could be easily extracted. In this work, we initiate a study to evaluate whether "perfect" anonymity is possible and if such an identity disclosure can be avoided given the availability of diverse sets of external data sets through which the hidden information can be recovered. This is accomplished through a spatio-temporal join based attack which matches the taxi data with an external medallion data that can be easily gathered by an adversary. Using a simulation of the medallion data, we show that our attack can re-identify over 91% of the taxis that ply in NYC even when using a perfect pseudonymization of medallion numbers. We also explore the effectiveness of trajectory anonymization strategies and demonstrate that our attack can still identify a significant fraction of the taxis in NYC. Given the restrictions in publishing the taxi data by TLC, our results indicate that unless the utility of the data set is significantly compromised, it will not be possible to maintain the privacy of taxi medallion owners and drivers.
Rapid Sequential in Situ Multiplexing with DNA Exchange Imaging in Neuronal Cells and Tissues (2017)

To decipher the molecular mechanisms of biological function, it is critical to map the molecular composition of individual cells or even more importantly tissue samples in the context of their biological environment in situ. Immunofluorescence (IF) provides specific labeling for molecular profiling. However, conventional IF methods have finite multiplexing capabilities due to spectral overlap of the fluorophores. Various sequential imaging methods have been developed to circumvent this spectral limit but are not widely adopted due to the common limitation of requiring multirounds of slow (typically over 2 h at room temperature to overnight at 4 °C in practice) immunostaining. We present here a practical and robust method, which we call DNA Exchange Imaging (DEI), for rapid in situ spectrally unlimited multiplexing. This technique overcomes speed restrictions by allowing for single-round immunostaining with DNA-barcoded antibodies, followed by rapid (less than 10 min) buffer exchange of fluorophore-bearing DNA imager strands. The programmability of DEI allows us to apply it to diverse microscopy platforms (with Exchange Confocal, Exchange-SIM, Exchange-STED, and Exchange-PAINT demonstrated here) at multiple desired resolution scales (from ∼300 nm down to sub-20 nm). We optimized and validated the use of DEI in complex biological samples, including primary neuron cultures and tissue sections. These results collectively suggest DNA exchange as a versatile, practical platform for rapid, highly multiplexed in situ imaging, potentially enabling new applications ranging from basic science, to drug discovery, and to clinical pathology.
Evaluating the impact of Tower Companies on the telecommunications market (2021)

The introduction of virtualization techniques in radio cellular networks allows the emergence of a business based on the outsourcing of towers hosting antennas and operated by the so-called Tower Companies (TowerCos). In this paper, we develop a baseline business model for studying the potential relationships between network operators and TowerCos. It turns out that the gain in operational costs achieved when network operators outsource the management of towers can be gracefully utilized to reduce prices so as to attract more customers. The price drop has however to be carefully realized so as not to break the market share between operators and to preserve competition. To prove this claim, we adopt in a first step a centralized optimization formulation. In a second step, we develop a game theoretic framework.
Novel evidence that pituitary gonadotropins directly stimulate human leukemic cells-studies of myeloid cell lines and primary patient AML and CML cells (2015)

We recently reported that normal hematopoietic stem cells express functional pituitary sex hormone (SexH) receptors. Here we report for the first time that pituitary-secreted gonadotrophins stimulate migration, adhesion, and proliferation of several human myeloid and lymphoid leukemia cell lines. Similar effects were observed after stimulation of human leukemic cell lines by gonadal SexHs. This effect seems to be direct, as the SexH receptors expressed by leukemic cells responded to stimulation by phosphorylation of MAPKp42/44 and AKTser473. Furthermore, in parallel studies we confirmed that human primary patient-derived AML and CML blasts also express several functional SexH receptors. These results shed more light on the potential role of SexHs in leukemogenesis and, in addition, provide further evidence suggesting a developmental link between hematopoiesis and the germline.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF SOMATOSTATIN ACTION ON INSULIN RELEASE (1977)

ABSTRACT Eighteen analogues of somatostatin have been used in order to elucidate the structure-activity relationship of the peptide on the release of insulin and glucagon from the isolated perfused rat pancreas. Neither the amino terminal nor a free carboxyl terminal seemed to be essential for the activity of the cyclic peptide. Addition of amino acids to the amino terminal did not decrease the activity. On the other hand, minor changes in the structure of linear somatostatin, which lead to the loss of ability to form a cyclic peptide, impaired the activity. Deletion of Asn 5 was accompanied by decreased action on glucagon but not on insulin release. It seems that the major actions of somatostatin on the pancreas are bound to the amino acid sequence 4–13 in the molecule and to the ability of the molecule to cyclize.
A new resource for independent and blinded assessment of QRS detection algorithms (2004)

We describe a new resource for developers of QRS detection algorithms that provides a standardized assessment of algorithm performance that is blinded, objective, independent, and reproducible. This overcomes the problems of using a single data set for both development and assessment that leads to favorably biased estimates of performance.
A Novel Quantitative 500-MHz Acoustic Microscopy System for Ophthalmologic Tissues (2016)

This novel SAM was shown to be capable of measuring mechanical properties of soft biological tissues at microscopic resolution; it is currently the only system that allows simultaneous measurement of K, ρ, and attenuation in large lateral scales (field area >9 mm<sup>2</sup>) and at fine resolutions.
Monetary morphs into fiscal: the Fed's great adventure (2015)

Post 2008 US economic policy has centered on Quantitative Easing, QE. The expectation, or ostensible hope, was that injections of money would stimulate economic recovery and growth in the real sector. However, seven years later, the economy languishes. Monetary measures have not brought recovery to the real sector. It has generally escaped notice, but QE has had the effect of a tax increase on savers, retirees, and those with fixed or inelastic wages. Absent prospects for profitable investment in plant and equipment, industry will not invest even with historically low interest rates. Those who might save if interest returns rewarded it have incentive to spend and to borrow instead, but have not done enough to launch recovery.
The cyclic nucleotide gated cation channel AtCNGC10 traffics from the ER via Golgi vesicles to the plasma membrane of Arabidopsis root and leaf cells (2007)

AtCNGC5 and AtCNGC10 are plasma membrane proteins. We postulate that AtCNGC10 traffics from the endoplasmic reticulum via the Golgi apparatus and associated vesicles to the plasma membrane. The presence of the cation channel, AtCNGC10, in root cap meristem cells, cell plate, and gravity-sensing columella cells, combined with the previously reported antisense phenotypes of decreased gravitropic and cell enlargement responses, suggest roles of AtCNGC10 in modulating cation balance required for root gravitropism, cell division and growth.
Adaptation and Recommendation in Modern Web 2.0 Portals (2009)

In this paper, we propose a generic recommender framework that allows transparently integrating different recommender engines into a Portal. The framework comes with a number of preinstalled recommender engines and can be extended by adding further such components. Recommendations are computed by each engine and then transparently merged. This ensures that neither the Portal vendor, nor the Portal operator, nor the user is burdened with choosing an appropriate engine and still high quality recommendations can be made. Furthermore we present means to automatically adapt the Portal system to better suit users needs.
Realization Method of Accurate Motor Torque for Reducerless Robot (2003)

本研究では, ダイナミクスの非線形性をキャンセルすることが可能なロボットの開発を目的とする。非線形性の要因には, 指令トルクと出力トルク間のダイナミクス, および減速器内のダイナミクスが考えられる。これらの非線形性を持たないロボットの概念として, Reducerless Robotを定義し, これを実現する手法について提案する。
WE-D-303-06: Multi-Layer Spectral Analysis for Tensor Structure Encoding of 4D Deformation Field Data (2015)

Purpose: Adaptive denoising and encoding of 4D deformation-vector-field (DVF) extracted from 4D planning CT, for modeling patient dominant motion features across coupled trajectory dimensions and respiratory phases. Methods: We propose a multi-layer spectral analysis method to capture inherent structure in 4D deformation fields such as those obtained from phase-correlated 4D-CT data. We illustrate the method with two particular two-layer schemes. One involves phase analysis of 3D trajectories at the first layer, followed by directional analysis of deformation trajectories within each time-spectral component. In the other scheme, we first analyze dominant features in the joint direction-phase trajectory space at the first layer; at the second layer, we separate the directional and temporal variables and discard residual noise which may be correlated in the joint space. With either scheme, directional and phase-wise coherence are preserved. Essentially, we regard the DVF data as a tensor that spans space (voxels), direction (deformation vectors), and time (respiratory phases). The method can be extended to multiple layers and augmented with prior structure. Dominant components across layers may be extracted automatically according to a prescribed dominance percentile. Results: We have investigated the feasibility and efficacy of the two schemes using a set of DVFs across 10 respiratory phases in a digital XCAT phantom 4D-CT. Dominant multi-layer spectral components are shown to capture a different spectral structure than their single-layer counterparts, attesting to the multi-dimensional nature of motion features. We are proceeding to analyze real patient data where motion patterns and correlations may be more complex and noisy. Conclusion: The proposed methodology provides an interpretable, adaptable feature space for motion model extraction and compressive encoding. Noise components may be removed in different spectral regions, while preserving temporal, directional, and spatial motion coherence. The resulting motion models have the potential to improve deformable image reconstruction using motion models. National Institutes of Health Grant No. R01-CA184173
Formation behavior and adhesion property of metallic Mn layer on porous SiOC by chemical vapor deposition (2014)

A metallic Mn layer was successfully formed on a porous SiOC (Black Diamond-III, BD-III) substrate at 300 °C by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using a newly developed Mn precursor, bis[1-(tert-butylamide)-2-dimethylaminoethane-N,N']Mn. A thin layer of Mn silicate was also formed at the interface between the metallic Mn and the porous SiOC. The formation of the metallic Mn layer was a thermally activated process with the activation energy of 161.2 kJ·mol−1. The metallic Mn layer enhanced the adhesion and wettability of Cu on the BD-III substrates.
Long-lived testosterone esters in the rat. (1995)

Over the past decade it has become increasingly clear that steroid hormones are enzymatically esterified with fatty acids. These steroidal esters are the natural analogs of synthetic esters that are used therapeutically. One such family of pharmacological steroids is the synthetic alkyl esters of testosterone, androgens with great hormonal potency. We have investigated whether testosterone esters exist naturally by using the rat as a model. Most tissues of male rats, including blood, have very little if any ester (quantified by immunoassay as a nonpolar saponifiable metabolite), but fat and testes have sizable quantities, approximately 3 ng of testosterone equivalents per g of tissue. Testosterone in fat averages 9 ng/g. The fat from female rats and long-term (> 2 weeks) castrated males has no detectable testosterone ester. The presence of testosterone esters was confirmed by GC/MS, which clearly showed the presence of testosterone in the hydrolyzed ester fraction of fat from intact males but not long-term castrates. Upon castration, testosterone levels in the fat completely disappear within 6 hr. To the contrary, it is not until 48 hr after castration that a measurable fall in the testosterone ester fraction was observed; even after 10 days a small amount of ester is still present in the fat. These experiments demonstrate the existence of a previously unknown androgen with a potentially important physiological impact; testosterone esters, natural analogs of potent therapeutic agents, occur in the fat where they can serve as a reservoir of preformed androgen to stimulate neighboring target tissues.
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Genome-Scale RNA Interference Screen Implicates NF1 Loss in Resistance to RAF Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 3 PDF file - 474K, A375 cells lacking NF1 display resistance to selective RAF and MEK inhibitors in a colony formation assay but pan-RAF inhibition and ERK inhibition is more effective at suppression. (A) A375 cells infected with the indicated shRNAs/ORFs were seeded at low density (300 cells/well in a 12-well plate) and treated with either DMSO, 3 �M PLX4720, 3 �M GDC0879, 1 �M PLX4032, 0.2 �M AZD6244, 0.2 �M AZ628 or 1 �M ERKi for 10 d. Colony formation was assessed by staining with crystal violet. (B) Quantification of relative cell growth in (A) by resuspension of the dye in 10% acetic acid, and measurement of absorbance at 595 nm&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Characterization of Et2NM{OB[OSi(OtBu)3]2}3 (M = Zr, Hf) Molecular Precursors to Zr/B/Si/O and Hf/B/Si/O Materials (2005)

Abstract Two new transition metal complexes containing the –OB[OSi(O t Bu) 3 ] 2 ligand, Et 2 NM{OB[OSi(O t Bu) 3 ] 2 } 3 (M = Zr, Hf), are reported. These species are the 4 th and 5 th examples of complexes containing this recently reported borosiloxide ligand. Their use as potential molecular precursors to multi‐component oxide materials via the thermolytic molecular precursor (TMP) method is discussed.