gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generic Tracking and Probabilistic Prediction Framework and Its Application in Autonomous Driving (2019)

Accurately tracking and predicting behaviors of surrounding objects are key prerequisites for intelligent systems such as autonomous vehicles to achieve safe and high-quality decision making and motion planning. However, there still remain challenges for multi-target tracking due to object number fluctuation and occlusion. To overcome these challenges, we propose a constrained mixture sequential Monte Carlo (CMSMC) method in which a mixture representation is incorporated in the estimated posterior distribution to maintain multi-modality. Multiple targets can be tracked simultaneously within a unified framework without explicit data association between observations and tracking targets. The framework can incorporate an arbitrary prediction model as the implicit proposal distribution of the CMSMC method. An example in this paper is a learning-based model for hierarchical time-series prediction, which consists of a behavior recognition module and a state evolution module. Both modules in the proposed model are generic and flexible so as to be applied to a class of time-series prediction problems where behaviors can be separated into different levels. Finally, the proposed framework is applied to a numerical case study as well as a task of on-road vehicle tracking, behavior recognition, and prediction in highway scenarios. Instead of only focusing on forecasting trajectory of a single entity, we jointly predict continuous motions for interactive entities simultaneously. The proposed approaches are evaluated from multiple aspects, which demonstrate great potential for intelligent vehicular systems and traffic surveillance systems.
ChemInform Abstract: AN ANOMALOUS NEBER REACTION, A GENERAL METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF 3‐CARBOXY‐1‐NAPHTHYLAMINES (1975)

Abstract 1‐Tetralon‐3‐carbonsäureester (I) liefert über das Oxim (IIa) und dessen Tosylat (IIb) mit Äthylat das Amin (III).
Tailoring the molecular sieving action of zeolite Y with MOCVD‐type reagents (1994)

A novel method of engineering the supercage aperture in zeolite Y that can produce zeolites with highly tunable pore sizes is described. The room temperature reaction of metal organic chemical vapor deposition species such as (CH 3 ) 2 Zn or (CH 3 ) 2 Cd with Brønsted acid sites in H π Na 36−n Y leads to anchored ZOZnCH 3 or ZOCdCH 3 moieties located at specific sites in the supercage of zeolite Y that can discriminate between H 2 S and H 2 Se. This degree of chemoselectivity will increase the number of potential practical applications of molecular sieves.
Evolution of Technology for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Forty Years of Improvement (2018)

Continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) was proposed in 1977 as an alternative treatment for acute renal failure in patients in whom peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis was clinically or technically precluded. In the mid-1980s, this technique was extended to infants and children. CAVH presented important advantages in the areas of hemodynamic stability, control of circulating volume, and nutritional support. However, there were serious shortcomings such as the need for arterial cannulation and limited solute clearance. These problems were solved by the introduction of continuous arteriovenous hemodiafiltration and continuous arteriovenous hemodialysis, where uremic control could be achieved by increasing countercurrent dialysate flow rates to 1.5 or 2 L/h as necessary, or by venovenous techniques utilizing a double-lumen central venous catheter for vascular access. Thus, continuous venovenous hemofiltration replaced CAVH because of its improved performance and safety. From the initial adoptive technology, specific machines have been designed to permit safe and reliable performance of the therapy. These new machines have progressively undergone a series of technological steps that have resulted in the evolution of highly sophisticated equipment utilized today. A significant number of advances have taken place since the time continuous renal replacement therapy was initiated. In particular, there have been successful experiments with high-volume hemofiltration and high-permeability hemofiltration. The additional and combined use of sorbent has also been tested successfully. Progress has been made in the technology as well as the understanding of the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury. Today, new biomaterials and new devices are available and new frontiers are on the horizon. Although improvements have been made, a lot remains to be done. Critical care nephrology is expected to further evolve in the near future, especially in the area of information and communication technology, utilization of big data and large database registries, biofeedback, and assisted prescription and treatment delivery, with high potential for improvement in morbidity and mortality of the most severely ill patients.
Mehrfachbindungen zwischen Hauptgruppenelementen und Übergangsmetallen, XII. Erzeugung und Komplexstabilisierung von Arsiniden‐ und Diarsen‐Fragmenten durch metallinduzierten Abbau von Monoarsan (1985)

Abstract Unter Wasserstoff‐Eliminierung wird die Lewis‐Base Monoarsan in Gegenwart des Solvens‐Komplexes (η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )Mn(CO) 2 THF ( 1 ; Me  CH 3 ) zum Arsiniden‐Liganden AsH abgebaut, der in der neuen zweikernigen Komplexverbindung 2 als symmetrischer Brückenligand vorliegt und mit den beiden Metallatomen ein gewinkeltes Dreizentren‐Vierelektronen‐Bindungssystem bildet ( d Mn  As = 224.7(1) pm, Mn  As  Mn′ = 139.3(1)°; Einkristall‐Röntgenstruktur‐analyse). Die in 2 vorliegende Arsen‐Wasserstoff‐Bindung ist kinetisch labil und erlaubt Carben‐Insertionen sowie As  As‐Kupplungsreaktionen. Umsetzung mit Diazoalkanen N 2 CRR′ ergibt unter N 2 ‐Eliminierung die Carben‐Insertionsprodukte (μ, η 2 ‐AsCHRR′)[(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )Mn‐(CO) 2 ] 2 ( 3a – c ) in denen eine der beiden Mangan‐Arsen‐Bindungen des Edukts 2 alkylverbrückt ist. Vakuumthermolyse von festem 2 bei 120 – 140°C führt unter H 2 ‐Abspaltung glatt zum μ,η 2 ‐Diarsen‐Komplex 4 , der eine Mn 2 As 2 ‐Butterfly‐Struktur mit einer sehr kurzen As  As‐Bindung besitzt ( d Mn  As = 255.5 pm, Mittelwert; d As – As = 222.5(2) pm, Doppelbindung; keine Mn  Mn‐Bindung; Einkristall‐Röntgenstrukturanalyse). Konsekutive H 2 ‐Eliminierungsschritte begleiten auch die Reaktion des substitutionslabilen THF‐Komplexes 5 mit Monoarsan zum vierkernigen Diarsen‐Komplex 8 , der als intermolekulares Kupplungsprodukt zweier μ‐Arsiniden‐Komplexvorstufen vom Typ 6 aufzufassen ist.
In vivo administration of interferon alpha and interleukin 2 induces proliferation of lymphoid cells in the organs of mice. (1990)

We have previously shown that interleukin 2 (IL-2) synergizes with interferon alpha (IFN-alpha) in mediating the regression of established pulmonary and hepatic metastases and the reduction of intradermal tumor in various murine tumor models. To understand the mechanism of synergy, we have examined lymphoid cell proliferation in various organs of mice in response to IL-2 and IFN-alpha administration. We have utilized a technique for labeling newly synthesized DNA in vivo with 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine to examine proliferation of endogenous cells in response to IL-2 and IL-2 plus IFN-alpha. A proliferation index was calculated by dividing cpm in the tissues treated with cytokines by cpm obtained in corresponding tissues of control mice. After 4 days of IL-2 administration, a significant uptake of 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine was observed in the lungs, liver, kidneys, and spleen (proliferation index of 13, 10.3, 3.6, and 3.2, respectively). IFN-alpha alone mediated very little incorporation of radiolabel but when administered in combination with IL-2 a reduction of IL-2-induced proliferation was seen on day 4. For example 19,272 +/- 4,556 cpm (mean +/- SE) were obtained in the liver of IL-2-treated mice, compared to 8,103 +/- 2,111 cpm in livers of IL-2 plus IFN-alpha-treated mice (P less than 0.05). Similar inhibition of IL-2-induced proliferation was observed in the lungs, kidneys, and spleen. In contrast, on days 7 or 8, higher uptake of radiolabel was obtained in IFN-alpha plus IL-2-treated lungs, liver, and kidneys, compared to organs of mice treated with IL-2 alone or IFN-alpha alone. A proliferation index of 30.5, 9.8, and 10 was obtained in the lungs, liver, and kidneys of IL-2- plus IFN-alpha-treated animals, compared to 9.6, 3.6, and 5.5 in the corresponding organs of IL-2-treated mice. The effects of IFN-alpha on IL-2-induced proliferation was dose dependent; very low dosages of IFN-alpha (1,000 units/dose) were able to cause the inhibition of proliferation at 3 days of therapy and increase at 7 days of therapy. Continued proliferation of cells was observed in most organs when IL-2 plus IFN-alpha was injected for 9 consecutive days. Pretreatment irradiation of mice at 500 rad largely eliminated the proliferative response to IL-2 as well as to IFN-alpha plus IL-2 at both 3 and 7 days. Histological studies of lungs receiving cytokine therapy for 3 and 7 days corroborated the results of the 5-[125I]iodo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation assay. At day 3 a significant infiltration of lymphoid cells was seen in IL-2-treated lungs, whereas little or no lymphocytic infiltration was observed in IL-2- plus IFN-alpha-treated lungs.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Practical application of turbo equalization to underwater acoustic communications (2010)

In this paper, we describe linear turbo equalizers (TEQ) and investigate their practical application to underwater acoustic communications. Owing to the ability to achieve a good performance-complexity trade-off, linear TEQ is a good candidate for long reverberant channels, which usually demand high computational complexity. First, we reveal a relationship between two different TEQ structures; channel estimate (CE)-based minimum mean square error (MMSE) TEQ versus direct-adaptive linear TEQ. We show that without inclusion of the second-order a priori statistics, the coefficients of direct-adaptive TEQ converge to linear time-invariant form, though an optimal MMSE solution derived from a priori information is time-variant. Nevertheless, the direct-adaptive TEQ yields performance comparable to the CE-based MMSE TEQ while maintaining lower complexity. This was confirmed through real experiments conducted off the coast of Martha's Vinyard, MA (“SPACE 08”). We also discuss a practical design of a multi-channel least mean square (LMS) TEQ and experiments show that the LMS-TEQ successfully decodes data achieving up to 19.53 kbit/s for 1000 meter distance.
Managing for Innovation (1996)

The prelims comprise: Motivation Culture Organizational system Organizational structures and activities
EVALUATION OF A MODIFIED STEEL POST W-BEAM GUARDRAIL SYSTEM (1997)

In May 1993, a set of revised test procedures was published in National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) formally adopted these new test procedures and has mandated that, after September 30, 1998, only highway safety appurtenances that have successfully met these guidelines may be used in new projects on the National Highway System (NHS). The most significant change made in the new guidelines with regard to the evaluation of longitudinal barriers was the adoption of a 2000-kg pickup truck (2000P) as a design test vehicle. Since most existing longitudinal barriers have been tested with a large passenger sedan, it was necessary to reevaluate the performance of these barriers with the new pickup truck test vehicle. As part of this reevaluation process, the FHWA sponsored the crash testing of many commonly used guardrail systems. A test of the widely used G4(1S) steel post W-beam guardrail system indicated that this system was not in compliance with the new NCHRP Report 350 guidelines. This report presents the results of a crash test on a modified steel post, W-beam guardrail system that incorporates 152-mm x 152-mm routed wood blockouts. This modified steel post guardrail system successfully met the performance evaluation criteria of NCHRP Report 350. Although the vehicle became completely airborne during the impact sequence, it remained upright and was successfully contained and redirected.
The significance of the order of impregnation on the activity of vanadia promoted palladium-alumina catalysts for propane total oxidation (2011)

The increased activity of alumina-supported palladium catalysts promoted with vanadium oxide has been investigated. Three different vanadium promoted Pd/Al2O3 catalysts with the same composition but synthesized employing sequential and co-impregnation were tested for the total oxidation of propane. The order of impregnation was critical to produce high activity catalysts. Vanadium and palladium co-impregnation on the Al2O3 support led to the most active catalyst, whereas the step-wise impregnated catalysts show a catalytic performance similar to or slightly better than unpromoted palladium catalysts. The high activity of the co-impregnated catalysts is related to the particle size and oxidation state of the palladium particles; and to the redox properties of vanadium species. The most active catalyst presents relatively large palladium particles in combination with increased reducibility of vanadium species and a relatively high amount of V4+ within the bulk of the catalyst and on the surface. STEM shows that, compared to catalysts containing only Pd or V, co-addition of the Pd and V species drastically altered the particle size distribution and morphology of the PdOx particles, and simultaneously caused the monolayer dispersion of the VOx species to become much patchier in nature. It also showed that the microstructure of the catalysts was similar for the different orders of impregnation, but some differences between the morphology of PdOx particles were observed.
H3N2 Influenza Viruses with 12- or 16-Amino Acid Deletions in the Receptor-Binding Region of Their Hemagglutinin Protein (2021)

Human influenza viruses evade host immune responses by accumulating mutations around the receptor-binding region of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, which is composed of three key elements, the 130-loop, the 190-helix, and the 220-loop. Here, we characterized two human H3N2 influenza viruses with 12- and 16-amino acid deletions around the HA receptor-binding site that were isolated after antigenic selection of mutated H3N2 viruses. Structural modeling suggested that the 12-amino acid deletion eliminated the 190-helix. The 16-amino acid deletion comprises two stretches of 11- and 5-amino acid deletions. As the result of a frameshift, "novel" amino acids (not found in wild-type HA at these positions) are encoded between the deleted regions. Interestingly, structural modeling predicted that the novel sequence forms a structure resembling the 190-helix. However, compared to wild-type HA, the 16-amino acid deletion mutant lacks two antiparallel beta-sheets that connect the 190-helix and the 220-loop in wild-type HA. Nonetheless, both HA deletion mutants replicated in mammalian cells, and the 16-amino acid deletion mutant (with a remodeled 190-helix) also replicated in Syrian hamsters, albeit at low titers. Wild-type virus bound preferentially to α2,6-linked sialic acids, whereas both mutants gained affinity for α2,3-linked sialic acids. Moreover, the 12- and 16-amino acid deletions may affect the antigenic properties of the viruses. Thus, viruses with sizeable deletions around the HA receptor-binding site are viable but may display altered sialic acid preferences, altered antigenic properties, and attenuated replicative ability in cultured cells and virulence in Syrian hamsters. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The hemagglutinin (HA) protein of influenza viruses serves as the receptor-binding protein and is the principal target of the host immune system. The antigenic epitopes in the receptor-binding region are known to tolerate mutations, but here, we show that even deletions of 12 or 16 amino acids in this region can be accommodated. In cultured cells, 12- and 16-amino acid deletion mutants were attenuated, and the 16-amino acid deletion mutant replicated in Syrian hamsters. Compared with wild-type virus, both mutants showed changes in their reactivity to some of the sera tested and changes in their binding affinity to sialic acids, which serve as influenza virus receptors. Collectively, our findings highlight the plasticity of HA.
Mutual regulation of protein-tyrosine phosphatase 20 and protein-tyrosine kinase Tec activities by tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. (2010)

The novel protein-tyrosine phosphatase
Noncatalytic PTEN missense mutation predisposes to organ-selective cancer development in vivo (2015)

Inactivation of phosphatase and tensin homology deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) is linked to increased PI3K-AKT signaling, enhanced organismal growth, and cancer development. Here we generated and analyzed Pten knock-in mice harboring a C2 domain missense mutation at phenylalanine 341 (Pten(FV)), found in human cancer. Despite having reduced levels of PTEN protein, homozygous Pten(FV/FV) embryos have intact AKT signaling, develop normally, and are carried to term. Heterozygous Pten(FV/+) mice develop carcinoma in the thymus, stomach, adrenal medulla, and mammary gland but not in other organs typically sensitive to Pten deficiency, including the thyroid, prostate, and uterus. Progression to carcinoma in sensitive organs ensues in the absence of overt AKT activation. Carcinoma in the uterus, a cancer-resistant organ, requires a second clonal event associated with the spontaneous activation of AKT and downstream signaling. In summary, this PTEN noncatalytic missense mutation exposes a core tumor suppressor function distinct from inhibition of canonical AKT signaling that predisposes to organ-selective cancer development in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 3β‐HYDROXY‐5α‐CHOLEST‐8(14)‐EN‐15‐ONE 3‐ACETATE (1980)

Abstract Bei der Oxidation mit Chromsäure erhält man aus dem Cholestenolacetat (I) das Hydroxycholestenonacetat (II) neben dem Epoxid (III), aus dem das Olefin (IV) und weiter das Diketon (V) hergestellt werden können.
Measurement of the top quark charge in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=7 $ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2013)

A bstract A measurement of the top quark electric charge is carried out in the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider using 2.05 fb −1 of data at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. In units of the elementary electric charge, the top quark charge is determined to be 0.64 ± 0.02 (stat.) ± 0.08 (syst.) from the charges of the top quark decay products in single lepton $ t\overline{t} $ candidate events. This excludes models that propose a heavy quark of electric charge −4/3, instead of the Standard Model top quark, with a significance of more than 8 σ .
Analysis of Factors Affecting Surface Expression and Immunogenicity of Recombinant Proteins Expressed by Gram-Positive Commensal Vectors (2002)

Several key protein structural attributes were altered in an effort to optimize expression and immunogenicity of a foreign protein (M protein from Streptococcus pyogenes) exposed on the surface of Streptococcus gordonii commensal bacterial vectors: (i) a shorter N-terminal region, (ii) the addition of a 94-amino-acid spacer, and (iii) the addition of extra C-repeat regions (CRR) from the M6 protein. A decrease in the amount of cell surface M6 was observed upon deletion of 10 or more amino acid residues at the N terminus. On the other hand, reactivity of monoclonal antibody to surface M6 increased with the addition of the spacer adjacent to the proline- and glycine-rich region, and an increase in epitope dosage was obtained by adding another CRR immediately downstream of the original CRR. The results obtained should facilitate the design of improved vaccine candidates using this antigen delivery technology.
ChemInform Abstract: The Use of o‐Nitroarylacetonitriles as Carbon Acid Participants in the Mitsunobu Reaction. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermodynamic Analysis on Molecular Beam Epitaxy of GaN, InN and AlN (1997)

A chemical equilibrium model is applied to the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) growth of GaN, InN and AlN semiconductors using atomic nitrogen and NH 3 sources. The equilibrium partial pressure and the growth rate are calculated for each of the following parameters: input V/III ratio, input partial pressure of group III elements and growth temperature. A phase diagram for the deposition, indicating etching, droplet and growth regions, is computed for the growth of III–V nitrides. Based on the diagram, the growth condition suitable for the MBE growth of III–V nitrides is predicted.
MicroRNA-detargeting proves more effective than leader gene deletion for improving safety of oncolytic Mengovirus in a nude mouse model (2021)

A dual microRNA-detargeted oncolytic Mengovirus, vMC<sub>24</sub>NC, proved highly effective against a murine plasmacytoma in an immunocompetent syngeneic mouse model; however, there remains the concern of escape mutant development and the potential for toxicity in severely immunocompromised cancer patients when it is used as an oncolytic virus. Therefore, we sought to compare the safety and efficacy profiles of an attenuated Mengovirus containing a virulence gene deletion versus vMC<sub>24</sub>NC in an immunodeficient xenograft mouse model of human glioblastoma. A Mengovirus construct, vMC<sub>24</sub>ΔL, wherein the gene coding for the leader protein, a virulence factor, was deleted, was used for comparison. The vMC<sub>24</sub>ΔL induced significant levels of toxicity following treatment of subcutaneous human glioblastoma (U87-MG) xenografts as well as when injected intracranially in athymic nude mice, reducing the overall survival. The <i>in vivo</i> toxicity of vMC<sub>24</sub>ΔL was associated with viral replication in nervous and cardiac tissue. In contrast, microRNA-detargeted vMC<sub>24</sub>NC demonstrated excellent efficacy against U87-MG subcutaneous xenografts and improved overall survival significantly compared to that of control mice without toxicity. These results reinforce microRNA-detargeting as an effective strategy for ameliorating unwanted toxicities of oncolytic picornaviruses and substantiate vMC<sub>24</sub>NC as an ideal candidate for clinical development against certain cancers in both immunocompetent and immunodeficient hosts.
Hybrid guided modes in biaxial dielectric planar waveguides (1989)

The guiding layer of a planar waveguide may be naturally biaxial or may become biaxial (e.g., in an electrooptic modulator). The goals of the present work are (1) to determine the effect of principal axes orientation on the effective index of a guided mode and (2) to present a quantitative classification scheme for hybrid modes in biaxial waveguides.