gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manufactured Soil Aggregates for Studying Microhabitats (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Environmental perturbation, anthropogenic or otherwise, can have a profound effect on soil microbiota and essential biogeochemical processes. The general resistance and adaptation of yeasts and other fungi to stressors has been well studied in vitro however, the influence of key physical variables, such as how soil structure regulates fungal response to perturbation, is poorly understood. In this study, we developed an approach to manufacture soil macroaggregates that are characteristically similar to their natural counterpart (determined by X-ray CT) and with defined microbial composition. This new tool allowed us to examine the influence of soil aggregation on fungal stress response by manufacturing aggregates with yeast cells either within, or on, the aggregate surface. Environmental stressors including heavy metals, anoxia, and heat stress were applied to these aggregates to capture an array of environmental stressors and assay differences in survival between exo-and-endo aggregate cells. Results generated with this new tool indicate that the location of yeast cells in soil macroaggregates can impact on their survival, in a stressor- and time-dependent manner.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Biasing the quantum vacuum to control macroscopic probability distributions (2023)

Quantum field theory suggests that electromagnetic fields naturally fluctuate, and these fluctuations can be harnessed as a source of perfect randomness. Many potential applications of randomness rely on controllable probability distributions. We show that vacuum-level bias fields injected into multistable optical systems enable a controllable source of quantum randomness, and we demonstrated this concept in an optical parametric oscillator (OPO). By injecting bias pulses with less than one photon on average, we controlled the probabilities of the two possible OPO output states. The potential of our approach for sensing sub-photon-level fields was demonstrated by reconstructing the temporal shape of fields below the single-photon level. Our results provide a platform to study quantum dynamics in nonlinear driven-dissipative systems and point toward applications in probabilistic computing and weak field sensing.
An entangling Controlled-NOT gate operating with a solid-state single photons source (2013)

We demonstrate unambiguous entangling operation of a photonic quantum-logic gate driven by an ultrabright solid-state single-photon source. Indistinguishable single photons emitted by a single semiconductor quantum dot in a micropillar optical cavity are used as target and control qubits. For a source brightness of 0.56 collected photons-per-pulse, the measured truth table has an overlap with the ideal case of 68.4%, increasing to 73.0% for a source brightness of 0.17 photons- per-pulse. The gate is entangling: at a source brightness of 0.48, the Bell-state fidelity is above the entangling threshold of 50%, and reaches 71.0% for a source brightness of 0.15.
Glial hyaluronate-binding protein: a product of metalloproteinase digestion of versican? (1995)

Glial hyaluronate-binding protein (GHAP) is a 60 kDa glycoprotein with an amino acid sequence identical to that of the hyaluronate-binding region of versican, a large fibroblast aggregating proteoglycan found in the brain. Both GHAP and versican were identified by immunoblot in bovine brain extracts prepared only minutes after death. Human recombinant collagenase, stromelysin, mouse gelatinase and gelatinases isolated from human brain by affinity chromatography digest versican and give rise to a polypeptide with electrophoretic mobility identical to GHAP. Immunoblot analysis, peptide mapping and C-terminal amino acid sequencing indicate that the polypeptide generated by digestion with human brain gelatinases is identical to GHAP. We suggest that GHAP is a naturally occurring versican degradation product.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Low-Valent Amido, Imido, Azavinylidene, and Nitrido Complexes of Tungsten (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Reactivity of Low-Valent Amido, Imido, Azavinylidene, and Nitrido Complexes of TungstenK. R. Powell, P. J. Perez, L. Luan, S. G. Feng, P. S. White, M. Brookhart, and J. L. TempletonCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 5, 1851–1864Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/om00017a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views346Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Controlling high bandwidth aggregates in the network (2002)

The current Internet infrastructure has very few built-in protection mechanisms, and is therefore vulnerable to attacks and failures. In particular, recent events have illustrated the Internet's vulnerability to both denial of service (DoS) attacks and flash crowds in which one or more links in the network (or servers at the edge of the network) become severely congested. In both DoS attacks and flash crowds the congestion is due neither to a single flow, nor to a general increase in traffic, but to a well-defined subset of the traffic --- an aggregate . This paper proposes mechanisms for detecting and controlling such high bandwidth aggregates. Our design involves both a local mechanism for detecting and controlling an aggregate at a single router, and a cooperative pushback mechanism in which a router can ask upstream routers to control an aggregate. While certainly not a panacea, these mechanisms could provide some needed relief from flash crowds and flooding-style DoS attacks. The presentation in this paper is a first step towards a more rigorous evaluation of these mechanisms.
Not all bad: Gyromitrin has a limited distribution in the false morels as determined by a new ultra high-performance liquid chromatography method (2022)

Gyromitrin (acetaldehyde <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>-formylhydrazone) and its homologs are deadly mycotoxins produced most infamously by the lorchel (also known as false morel) <i>Gyromitra esculenta</i>, which is paradoxically consumed as a delicacy in some parts of the world. There is much speculation about the presence of gyromitrin in other species of the lorchel family (Discinaceae), but no studies have broadly assessed its distribution. Given the history of poisonings associated with the consumption of <i>G. esculenta</i> and <i>G. ambigua</i>, we hypothesized that gyromitrin evolved in the last common ancestor of these taxa and would be present in their descendants with adaptive loss of function in the nested truffle clade, <i>Hydnotrya</i>. To test this hypothesis, we developed a sensitive analytical derivatization method for the detection of gyromitrin using 2,4-dinitrobenzaldehyde as the derivatization reagent. In total, we analyzed 66 specimens for the presence of gyromitrin over 105 tests. Moreover, we sequenced the nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) and nuc 28S rDNA to assist in species identification and to infer a supporting phylogenetic tree. We detected gyromitrin in all tested specimens from the <i>G. esculenta</i> group as well as <i>G. leucoxantha</i>. This distribution is consistent with a model of rapid evolution coupled with horizontal transfer, which is typical for secondary metabolites. We clarified that gyromitrin production in Discinaceae is both discontinuous and more limited than previously thought. Further research is required to elucidate the gyromitrin biosynthesis gene cluster and its evolutionary history in lorchels.
Magnetic Material Selection for High Power High Frequency Inductors in DC-DC Converters (2009)

Dc-dc converter size and efficiency are driving factors in industrial, aerospace and automotive applications. Thus, optimal component selection is essential for a compact design. The inductor often appears as the converter's largest component. This paper presents analytical and experimental comparisons of the magnetic materials used in a practical design. The investigation is concerned with magnetic material selection for a dc-dc power inductor in the medium (20 kHz) to high (150 kHz) frequency range and the low (1%) to high (220%) current ripple range. The materials under investigation are iron-based amorphous metal, silicon steel, nanocrystalline, ferrite, powdered iron and gap-less powder materials. A newly developed silicon steel material from JFE-Steel Co. is presented. A novel material comparison which includes thermal conductivity and saturation capability is proposed. The area product analysis for material comparison is presented for 10 kW dc-dc inductor design examples. The variation of core power loss with dc-bias is experimentally investigated for different materials. A 1.25 kW half-bridge dc-dc converter is used in experimental validation.
Role of Graphene in Water-Assisted Oxidation of Copper in Relation to Dry Transfer of Graphene (2017)

The process of oxidation of a copper surface coated by a layer of graphene in water-saturated air at 50 °C was studied where it was observed that oxidation started at the graphene edge and was complete after 24 h. Isotope labeling of the oxygen gas and water showed that the oxygen in the formed copper oxides originated from water and not from the oxygen in air for both Cu and graphene-coated Cu, and this has interesting potential implications for graphene as a protective coating for Cu in dry air conditions. We propose a reaction pathway where surface hydroxyl groups formed at graphene edges and defects induce the oxidation of Cu. DFT simulation shows that the binding energy between graphene and the oxidized Cu substrate is smaller than that for the bare Cu substrate, which facilitates delamination of the graphene. Using this process, dry transfer is demonstrated using poly(bisphenol A carbonate) (PC) as the support layer. The high quality of the transferred graphene is demonstrated from Raman maps, XPS, STM, TEM, and sheet resistance measurements. The copper foil substrate was reused without substantial weight loss to grow graphene (up to 3 cycles) of equal quality to the first growth after each cycle. It was found that dry transfer yielded graphene with less Cu impurities as compared to methods using etching of the Cu substrate. Using PC yielded graphene with less polymeric residue after transfer than the use of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as the supporting layer. Hence, this dry and clean delamination technique for CVD graphene grown on copper substrates is highly advantageous for the cost-effective large-scale production of graphene, where the Cu substrate can be reused after each growth.
Cholangiocyte expression of α2β1-integrin confers susceptibility to rotavirus-induced experimental biliary atresia (2008)

Inoculation of BALB/c mice with rhesus rotavirus (RRV) in the newborn period results in biliary epithelial cell (cholangiocyte) infection and the murine model of biliary atresia. Rotavirus infection of a cell requires attachment, which is governed in part by cell-surface expression of integrins such as alpha2beta1. We hypothesized that cholangiocytes were susceptible to RRV infection because they express alpha2beta1. RRV attachment and replication was measured in cell lines derived from cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. Flow cytometry was performed on these cell lines to determine whether alpha2beta1 was present. Cholangiocytes were blocked with natural ligands, a monoclonal antibody, or small interfering RNA against the alpha2-subunit and were infected with RRV. The extrahepatic biliary tract of newborn mice was screened for the expression of the alpha2beta1-integrin. Newborn mice were pretreated with a monoclonal antibody against the alpha2-subunit and were inoculated with RRV. RRV attached and replicated significantly better in cholangiocytes than in hepatocytes. Cholangiocytes, but not hepatocytes, expressed alpha2beta1 in vitro and in vivo. Blocking assays led to a significant reduction in attachment and yield of virus in RRV-infected cholangiocytes. Pretreatment of newborn pups with an anti-alpha2 monoclonal antibody reduced the ability of RRV to cause biliary atresia in mice. Cell-surface expression of the alpha2beta1-integrin plays a role in the mechanism that confers cholangiocyte susceptibility to RRV infection.
A multiplexing scheme for H.323 voice-over-IP applications (2002)

Voice communications such as telephony are delay sensitive. Existing voice-over-IP (VoIP) applications transmit voice data in packets of very small size to minimize packetization delay, causing very inefficient use of network bandwidth. This paper proposes a multiplexing scheme for improving the bandwidth efficiency of existing VoIP applications. By installing a multiplexer in an H.323 proxy, voice packets from multiple sources are combined into one IP packet for transmission. A demultiplexer at the receiver-end proxy restores the original voice packets before delivering them to the end-user applications. Results show that the multiplexing scheme can increase bandwidth efficiency by as much as 300%. The multiplexing scheme is fully compatible with existing H.323-compliant VoIP applications and can be readily deployed.
Development and Testing of a Mobile App to Collect Social Determinants of Health Data in Cancer Settings: Interview Study (Preprint) (2023)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Social determinants of health (SDOH) such as lack of basic resources, housing, transportation, and social isolation play an important role for patients on the cancer care continuum. Health systems’ current technological solutions for identifying and managing patients’ SDOH data largely focus on information recorded in the electronic health record by providers, which is often inaccessible to patients to contribute to or modify. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> We developed and tested a patient-centric SDOH screening tool designed for use on patients’ personal mobile phone that preserves patient privacy and confidentiality, collects information about the unmet social needs of patients with cancer, and communicates them to the provider. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> We interviewed 22 patients with cancer, oncologists, and social workers associated with a US-based comprehensive cancer center to better understand how patients’ SDOH information is collected and reported. After triangulating data obtained from thematic analysis of interviews, an environmental scan, and a literature search of validated tools to collect SDOH data, we developed an SDOH screening tool mobile app and conducted a pilot study of 16 dyadic pairs of patients and cancer care team members at the same cancer center. We collected patient SDOH data using 36 survey items covering 7 SDOH domains and used validated scales and follow-up interviews to assess the app’s usability and acceptability among patients and cancer care team members. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> Formative interviews with patients and care team members revealed that transportation, financial challenges, food insecurity, and low health literacy were common SDOH challenges and that a mobile app that collected those data, shared those data with care team members, and offered supportive resources could be useful and valuable. In the pilot study, 25% (4/16) of app-using patients reported having at least one of the abovementioned social needs; the most common social need was social isolation (7/16, 44%). Patients rated the mobile app as easy to use, accurately capturing their SDOH, and preserving their privacy but suggested that the app could be more helpful by connecting patients to actual resources. Providers reported high acceptability and usability of the app. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> Use of a brief, patient-centric, mobile app–based SDOH screening tool can effectively capture SDOH of patients with cancer for care team members in a way that preserves patient privacy and that is acceptable and usable for patients and care team members. However, only collecting SDOH information is not sufficient; usefulness can be increased by connecting patients directly to resources to address their unmet social needs. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> <p/> </sec>
Smart Averaging: SNR Improvement by Retrospective Filtering (2016)

Averaging is a frequently used way to increase the SNR of a measurement. Here we show that spending the additional time for increasing the spatial resolution and applying a retrospective k-space filter can yield a higher SNR gain than conventional averaging. For weighting in two phase encoding directions, this can increase the SNR by up to 25. For 3D weighting, SNR gain can reach 57, if the additional acquired k-space points are used to increase the readout duration, and 38 for equal duration for weighted and unweighted acquisition.
Accuracy Improvement in DOA Estimation with Deep Learning (2021)

Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of wireless signals is demanded in many applications. In addition to classical methods such as MUSIC and ESPRIT, non-linear algorithms such as compressed sensing have become common subjects of study recently. Deep learning or machine learning is also known as a non-linear algorithm and has been applied in various fields. Generally, DOA estimation using deep learning is classified as on-grid estimation. A major problem of on-grid estimation is that the accuracy may be degraded when the DOA is near the boundary. To reduce such estimation errors, we propose a method of combining two DNNs whose grids are offset by one half of the grid size. Simulation results show that our proposal outperforms MUSIC which is a typical off-grid estimation method. Furthermore, it is shown that the DNN specially trained for a close DOA case achieves very high accuracy for that case compared with MUSIC.
Reconfigurable IR-UWB Current Mode Switched Receiver for IoT Applications (2019)

A multi-band impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) receiver with low-complexity and low-power architecture is reported in TSMC 0.13-μm CMOS technology. The receiver is composed of a low-power differential UWB low noise amplifier (LNA) with high gain and with relatively flat in-band noise figure (NF), a squarer and variable gain baseband amplifier. The LNA, squarer and amplifier can be dynamically reconfigured in three different bands. The post layout simulation results of the LNA show a NF lower than 4.5 dB and a gain of 17.7, 17.1, and 17.5 dB for band-1, band-2, and band-3, respectively. The chip area of the IR-UWB receiver is 1.5mm×1mm. It consumes 15.3 mW from a 1.2 V supply when one LNA branch is active.
Design and Synthesis of Novel, Selective GPR40 AgoPAMs (2017)

GPR40 is a G-protein-coupled receptor expressed primarily in pancreatic islets and intestinal L-cells that has been a target of significant recent therapeutic interest for type II diabetes. Activation of GPR40 by partial agonists elicits insulin secretion only in the presence of elevated blood glucose levels, minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia. GPR40 agoPAMs have shown superior efficacy to partial agonists as assessed in a glucose tolerability test (GTT). Herein, we report the discovery and optimization of a series of potent, selective GPR40 agoPAMs. Compound <b>24</b> demonstrated sustained glucose lowering in a chronic study of Goto Kakizaki rats, showing no signs of tachyphylaxis for this mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Model Studies of Lantibiotic Biogenesis. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Absence of V599E BRAF mutations in desmoplastic melanomas (2005)

The relative importance of BRAF mutational activation in melanocytic tumorigenesis clearly was not the same across the various subtypes of melanoma, even for melanomas of cutaneous origin that are associated with sun exposure. In contrast to conventional cutaneous melanomas, the desmoplastic variant frequently did not harbor an activating mutation of BRAF. Accordingly, patients with melanomas should not be collectively regarded as a uniform group as new therapeutic strategies are developed that target specific genetic alterations.
HIV infection in Waorani Indians of eastern Ecuador (1987)

Journal Article HIV infection in Waorani Indians of eastern Ecuador Get access James W. Larrick, James W. Larrick 1Cetus Immune Research Labs, 3400 West Bayshore Road, P̂alo Alto, CA 94303, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Charles Schable, Charles Schable 2Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jonathan E. Kaplan Jonathan E. Kaplan 2Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Volume 81, Issue 1, January-February 1987, Page 173, https://doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(87)90329-4 Published: 01 January 1987 Article history Accepted: 05 September 1986 Published: 01 January 1987
Magnetic Circular Dichroism Probed with Bright High-order Harmonics (2014)

We demonstrate the first bright circularly-polarized high-order harmonics. Using this new tabletop light source, we demonstrate magnetic circular dichroism measurements at the M-shell absorption edges of Cobalt.
Synergistic Rifabutin and Colistin Reduce Emergence of Resistance When Treating Acinetobacter baumannii (2021)

Recently, we reported rifabutin hyperactivity against <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> We sought to characterize potential interactions between rifabutin and colistin, the last-resort drug for carbapenem-resistant infections. Rifabutin and colistin were synergistic <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, and low-dose colistin significantly suppressed emergence of resistance to rifabutin. Thus, this combination is a promising therapeutic option for highly resistant <i>A. baumannii</i> infections.
A Fluorescence-Based G-Quadruplex DNA Cleavage Assay (2011)

We describe a fluorescence-based G-quadruplex DNA cleavage assay based on intramolecular G-quadruplex-forming 5′,3′-dual labeled oligonucleotides. By utilizing the difference in fluorescence emission spectra between an intact and cleaved quadruplex, the extent of G-quadruplex cleavage can be determined for a range of agents including hydroxyl radical, photo-activated porphyrin TMPyP4, and the oxo-metalloporphyrin Mn(=O)TMPyP4. This assay has been adapted to 96-well format for rapid screening, and the cleavage reaction samples can be subsequently directly analyzed by PAGE with fluorescence visualization. Agents that selectively cleave G-quadruplexes may serve as valuable probes for elucidating the formation and resolution of these structures in cells or as therapeutic agents. This assay should aid in identifying G-quadruplex cleavage agents for these various applications.