gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1894-P: Interruption of Glucagon Signaling Increases Pancreas Mass (2020)

Interruption of glucagon signaling by glucagon receptor gene inactivation or treatment with a glucagon receptor blocking monoclonal antibody (GCGR-Ab) stimulates alpha cell proliferation and expansion. Surprisingly, pancreas weight is also increased in mice with GCG gene inactivation. To investigate mechanisms linking glucagon signaling and pancreas size, we treated C57BL/6J mice with GCGR-Ab or a control IgG. Eight weeks of treatment (N=4-15 mice/treatment) increased absolute pancreas weight (0.42±0.013 vs. 0.32±0.008; p&amp;lt;0.0001), pancreas weight normalized to body weight (1.39±0.03% vs. 1.11±0.02%; p&amp;lt;0.0001), and serum levels of 15 amino acids (AA), including glutamine (1.7-4.67 fold, p&amp;lt;0.0001). GCGR-Ab treatment promoted acinar cell proliferation (Ki67+, 0.65±0.14% vs. 0.20±0.03%; p=0.0058), increased acinar cell size (peri-islet region: 438.4±12.77 vs. 341.7±22.05μm2; p=0.0045; peripheral region: 431.1±9.34 vs. 334.2±25μm2, p=0.0055; central region: 437.0±10.45 vs. 338.7±13.6 μm2, p=0.0006), and increased pancreas protein content (248.3±9.84 vs. 194±8.67μg/mg tissue; p=0.0003). By electron microscopy, GCGR-Ab treatment increased acinar cell zymogen granule number (129±9 vs. 49±6; p&amp;lt;0.0001; n=28-37 cells/treatment) and led to acinar cell ER dilatation, but did not induce pancreatitis or alter acinar cell apoptosis or pancreatic macrophage number. Serum cholecystokinin and total glucagon-like peptide-1, trophic hormones linked to exocrine growth, were not changed by GCGR-Ab treatment. GCGR-Ab treatment upregulated mRNA and protein levels of the glutamine transporter, Slc38a3, and increased mTOR-related ribosomal protein S6 phosphorylation in acinar cells. Together, these data indicate that interruption of glucagon signaling increases pancreas mass by inducing acinar cell hyperplasia and hypertrophy and activates protein synthesis and mTOR signaling; whether this is mediated by elevated glutamine or AA levels is not known. Disclosure C. Dai: None. A. Bradley: None. K.C. Coate: None. G. Poffenberger: None. E. Spears: None. J.J. Wright: None. S. Shrestha: None. D. Dean: None. M. Brissova: None. A.C. Powers: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (DK117147)
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium Tris(pyrazolyl)borate Complexes. Part 12. Cross Coupling of Acetylenes with Olefins — Formation of η3‐Butadienyl and η2‐Butadiene Complexes via a Metallacyclobutane Intermediate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of economically viable, highly integrated, highly modular SEGIS architecture. (2012)

Initiated in 2008, the SEGIS initiative is a partnership involving the U.S. DOE, Sandia National Laboratories, private sector companies, electric utilities, and universities. Projects supported under the initiative have focused on the complete-system development of solar technologies, with the dual goal of expanding renewable PV applications and addressing new challenges of connecting large-scale solar installations in higher penetrations to the electric grid. Petra Solar, Inc., a New Jersey-based company, received SEGIS funds to develop solutions to two of these key challenges: integrating increasing quantities of solar resources into the grid without compromising (and likely improving) power quality and reliability, and moving the design from a concept of intelligent system controls to successful commercialization. The resulting state-of-the art technology now includes a distributed photovoltaic (PV) architecture comprising AC modules that not only feed directly into the electrical grid at distribution levels but are equipped with new functions that improve voltage stability and thus enhance overall grid stability. This integrated PV system technology, known as SunWave, has applications for 'Power on a Pole,' and comes with a suite of technical capabilities, including advanced inverter and system controls, micro-inverters (capable of operating at both the 120V and 240V levels), communication system, network management system, and semiconductor integration. Collectively, these components are poised to reduce total system cost, increase the system's overall value and help mitigate the challenges of solar intermittency. Designed to be strategically located near point of load, the new SunWave technology is suitable for integration directly into the electrical grid but is also suitable for emerging microgrid applications. SunWave was showcased as part of a SEGIS Demonstration Conference at Pepco Holdings, Inc., on September 29, 2011, and is presently undergoing further field testing as a prelude to improved and expanded commercialization.
Abstract TP77: New treatment (2017)

Background and purpose: We previously showed that stimulation of RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand)/ RANK (receptor for RANKL) signal with novel RANKL-based partial peptide, MHP1, worked as anti-inflammatory in microglia and macrophages without induction of osteoclast activation, but the effects of systemic injection of MHP1 in ischemic brain is still unclear. Here, we examined the effects of systemically injected MHP1 in ischemic brain. Methods: FITC-conjugated MHP1 was injected via jugular vein 4 hrs after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo) in C57BL6J mice to check whether MHP1 could penetrate into infarct parenchyma. To examine whether MHP1 has therapeutic effects, MHP1 was injected intravenously (IV) followed by successive subcutaneous injection with Alzet pump beginning at 4 or 6 hrs after tMCAo. The effects of MHP1 for osteoclast activation in the radial bone in paralyzed upper arm were examined by TRAP staining. Results: Immunohistochemistry for FITC showed that MHP1 could successfully penetrated into infarct parenchyma 5 min after IV injection of MHP1, but the penetrated MHP1 was not observed 1 hr after injection. These results indicated that MHP1 should be administered continuously to achieve successive penetration into infarct parenchyma. The mice treated with MHP1 showed less neurological severity score and infarct volume at 48 hrs after tMCAo even when the treatment was started at 6 hrs after MCAo. TRAP staining showed that osteoclast activation in paralyzed radial bone was inhibited in MHP1-treated mice, suggesting that MHP1 could prevent osteoclast activation as well as ischemic injury. Conclusion: Systemically injected MHP1 could successfully penetrated into infarct parenchyma and prevent exacerbation of paralysis and infarct size after tMCAo. Although further studies for improvement of its stability are needed, MHP1 might be a novel agent to treat ischemic brain.
Polymer nano-systems for the encapsulation and delivery of active biomacromolecular therapeutic agents (2021)

Biomacromolecular therapeutic agents, particularly proteins, antigens, enzymes, and nucleic acids are emerging as powerful candidates for the treatment of various diseases and the development of the recent vaccine based on mRNA highlights the enormous potential of this class of drugs for future medical applications. However, biomacromolecular therapeutic agents present an enormous delivery challenge compared to traditional small molecules due to both a high molecular weight and a sensitive structure. Hence, the translation of their inherent pharmaceutical capacity into functional therapies is often hindered by the limited performance of conventional delivery vehicles. Polymer drug delivery systems are a modular solution able to address those issues. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the design of polymer delivery systems specifically tailored to the delivery challenges of biomacromolecular therapeutic agents. In the future, only in combination with a multifaceted and highly tunable delivery system, biomacromolecular therapeutic agents will realize their promising potential for the treatment of diseases and for the future of human health.
Packaged Er-doped fiber amplifier module at 980 nm (1993)

We present an efficient and compact (5 X 10 X 1.8 cm<SUP>3</SUP>) Er:doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) module pumped with a 980 nm laser diode. We showed that this EDFA module is capable of operating with optimum gain and noise performance over a 30 nm bandwidth at 1550 nm, and with low electrical consumption (less than 100 mW). Using the EDFA as a rack mounted preamplifier module in a 2.5 Gbit/s direct detection system experiment, we achieved a -38.5 dBm receiver sensitivity at 10<SUP>-10</SUP> bit error rate, and demonstrated long term operation (BER of 6.10<SUP>-14</SUP>) of the overall system.
Growth of Highly Fluorescent Polyethylene Glycol- and Zwitterion-Functionalized Gold Nanoclusters (2013)

We have prepared and characterized a new set of highly fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) using one-step aqueous reduction of a gold precursor in the presence of bidentate ligands made of lipoic acid anchoring groups, appended with either a poly(ethylene glycol) short chain or a zwitterion group. The AuNCs fluoresce in the red to near-infrared region of the optical spectrum with emission centered at ∼750 nm and a quantum yield of ∼10-14%, and they exhibit long fluorescence lifetimes (up to ∼300 ns). Dispersions of these AuNCs exhibit great long-term colloidal stability, over a wide range of pHs (2-13) and in the presence of high electrolyte concentrations, and a strong resistance to reducing agents such as glutathione. The growth strategy further permitted the controlled, in situ functionalization of the NCs with reactive groups (e.g., carboxylic acid or amine), making these nanoclusters compatible with common and simple-to-implement coupling strategies, such as carbodiimide chemistry. These properties combined make these fluorescent NCs greatly promising for use in various imaging and sensing applications where NIR and long-lived excitations are desired.
Light-induced ferroelectric domain engineering in lithium niobate & lithium tantalate (2007)

The influence of illumination on ferroelectric domain engineering in lithium niobate and lithium tantalate is investigated. The conventional method of domain inversion is electric field poling, which suffers from several limitations such as a requirement for photolithography and high-voltage equipment, the formation of inhomogeneous electric fields, and a minimum domain size of micrometres. Through the use of directed laser light, either in the presence or absence of an externally applied electric field, these limitations can be overcome and new fabrication capabilities are revealed. Light-assisted poling is the simultaneous application of an external electric field and laser illumination. Using wavelengths ranging from near-UV to near-IR, the electric field required for domain nucleation was reduced for increasing intensities. This effect was most prominent in crystals highly doped with MgO, achieving a reduction of 90% and 98% for cw and fs-pulsed light, respectively. Arbitrary domain patterns were directly written by the scanning of a focused beam. Periodically poled gratings were formed using periodic intensity patterns via a phase mask, forming domain engineered crystals suitable for quasi-phase-matched nonlinear frequency conversion.
8-Hydroxyquinoline (2013)

[148-24-3] C9H7NO (MW 145.16) InChI = 1S/C9H7NO/c11-8-5-1-3-7-4-2-6-10-9(7)8/h1-6,11H InChIKey = MCJGNVYPOGVAJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used to form metal chelates, ligand in copper-catalyzed cross-couplings) Alternate Names: 8-quinolinol, oxine, 8-oxyquinoline. Physical Data: mp 72–74 °C; bp 267 °C/752 mmHg, d 1.034 g cm−1. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents, sparingly soluble in H2O. Form Supplied in: off-white to tan powder; widely available. Analysis of Reagent Purity: GC. Purification: crystallized from EtOH, acetone, petroleum ether, or water. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: can cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation. Store in a cool and dry place. Keep away from prolonged exposure to air or light. Incompatible with metals, strong oxidants, and acids. Toxicity (oral) rat LD50: 1200 mg kg−1.
Resolution and sensitivity enhancements of scanning optical microscopy techniques for integrated circuit failure analysis (2009)

Scanning optical microscopy techniques are effective for optical fault localization of failures that are sensitive to thermal stimulation. In this paper, the recent developments in resolution and sensitivity enhancements that allow these techniques to be used with advanced technology nodes are described. The enhancement methods include refractive solid immersion lens technology, dc-coupling of the laser induced detection system and laser pulsing with signal integration algorithm. The combination of these enhanced scanning optical microscopy techniques and refractive solid immersion lens technology has brought about significantly better localization precision and sensitivity.
Optical mechanical refinement of human amniotic membrane by dehydration and cross-linking (2012)

The aim of this study was to develop a method for refining the optical and mechanical properties of human amniotic membrane (AM) to provide ophthalmic transparent implants for use during severe donor cornea shortages. AM was allowed to gradually dehydrate at 4-8 °C with and without chemical cross-linking. To improve the transparency of AM, a simple dehydration process using a refrigerator at 4-8 °C overnight was examined. For further improvements, dehydrated AM was then cross-linked with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide and N-hydroxy-succimide before rehydration. Light transmittance and tensile strength of individual specimens were evaluated. Light transmittance of AM improved from 50.9-77.7% at 550 nm by this simple low temperature dehydration process. Its high light transmittance was partially maintained at 70.1%, even after rehydration with normal saline. Interestingly, chemically cross-linked AM showed a significantly greater light transmittance of 81.5% under wet conditions. In addition, tensile strength was significantly increased after cross-linking from 2.32 N/mm(2) (native tissue) to 11.78 N/mm(2) (cross-linked specimens). Light transmittance and tensile strength were successfully improved by these approaches, including low temperature dehydration with and without chemical cross-linking. The use of refined AM could be feasible for use in current and future ophthalmic treatments.
Hierarchical Data-Driven Descent for Efficient Optimal Deformation Estimation (2013)

Real-world surfaces such as clothing, water and human body deform in complex ways. The image distortions observed are high-dimensional and non-linear, making it hard to estimate these deformations accurately. The recent data-driven descent approach applies Nearest Neighbor estimators iteratively on a particular distribution of training samples to obtain a globally optimal and dense deformation field between a template and a distorted image. In this work, we develop a hierarchical structure for the Nearest Neighbor estimators, each of which can have only a local image support. We demonstrate in both theory and practice that this algorithm has several advantages over the non-hierarchical version: it guarantees global optimality with significantly fewer training samples, is several orders faster, provides a metric to decide whether a given image is ``hard'' (or ``easy'') requiring more (or less) samples, and can handle more complex scenes that include both global motion and local deformation. The proposed algorithm successfully tracks a broad range of non-rigid scenes including water, clothing, and medical images, and compares favorably against several other deformation estimation and tracking approaches that do not provide optimality guarantees.
Look up! (2013)

The "Cloud" is a wonderfully expansive phrase used to denote computation and data storage centralized in a large datacenter and elastically accessed across a network. The concept is not new; web sites and business servers have run in datacenters for a long time. These, however, were specialized applications, outside of the mainstream of desktop programs. The past few years has seen enormous change as the mainstream shifts from a single computer to mobile devices and clusters of computers. Three factors are driving this change. 1) Mobile computing, where apps run on a size- and power-constrained device and would be far less interesting without backend systems to augment computation and storage capacity. 2) Big data, which uses clusters of computers to extract valuable information from vast amounts of unstructured data. 3) Inexpensive, elastic computing, pioneered by Amazon Web Services, which enables everyone to rapidly obtain and use many servers. As a researcher from the language and compiler community, I firmly believe this sea change is at heart a programming problem. Cloud computing is far different from the environment in which most of today's languages and tools were developed, and few programmers have mastered its complexity. New challenges include pervasive parallelism, partial failure, high and variable communication latency, and replication for reliability and throughput.
Preparation of geometrically highly controlled Ga particle arrays on quasi-planar nanostructured surfaces as a SCALMS model system (2023)

This study establishes a preparative route towards a model system for supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions (SCALMS) on nanostructured substrates. This model is characterized by a uniquely precise geometrical control of the gallium particle size distribution. In a SCALMS system, the Ga serves as a matrix material which can be decorated with a catalytically active material subsequently. The corresponding Ga containing precursor is spin-coated on aluminum based substrates, previously nanostructured by electrochemical anodization. The highly ordered substrates are functionalized with distinct oxide coatings by atomic layer deposition (ALD) independently from the morphology. After preparation of the metal particles on the oxide interface, the characterization of our model system in terms of its geometry parameters (droplet diameter, size distribution and population density) points to SiO<sub>2</sub> as the best suited surface for a highly controlled geometry. This flexible model system can be functionalized with a dissolved noble metal catalyst for the application chosen.
A 500ps/8.5ns Array Read/Write Latency 1Mb Twin 1T1MTJ STT-MRAM designed in 90nm CMOS/40nm MTJ Process with Novel Positive Feedback S/A Circuit (2014)

2014 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,A 500ps/8.5ns Array Read/Write Latency 1Mb Twin 1T1MTJ STT-MRAM designed in 90nm CMOS/40nm MTJ Process with Novel Positive Feedback S/A Circuit
External focusing effect on terahertz emission from a two-color femtosecond laser-induced filament in air (2010)

A systematic investigation of external focusing effect on terahertz (THz) emission from a two-color femtosecond laser-induced filament in air is demonstrated. By collecting the THz emission precisely under different external focusing conditions, an optimum external focal length around 50 cm was observed to generate stronger THz emission. The optimum dependence on the filament volume and the filament's core intensity with external focusing could be responsible for this stronger THz emission.
Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis by the Liver X Receptors in the Central Nervous System (2002)

The nuclear oxysterol receptors liver X receptor-alpha [LXRalpha (NR1H3)] and LXRbeta (NR1H2) coordinately regulate genes involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Although both LXR subtypes are expressed in the brain, their roles in this tissue remain largely unexplored. In this report, we show that LXR agonists have marked effects on gene expression in murine brain tissue both in vitro and in vivo. In primary astrocyte cultures, LXR agonists regulated several established LXR target genes, including ATP binding cassette transporter A1, and enhanced cholesterol efflux. In contrast, little or no effect on gene expression or cholesterol efflux was detected in primary neuronal cultures. Treatment of mice with a selective LXR agonist resulted in the induction of several LXR target genes related to cholesterol homeostasis in the cerebellum and hippocampus. These data provide the first evidence that the LXRs regulate cholesterol homeostasis in the central nervous system. Because dysregulation of cholesterol balance is implicated in central nervous system diseases such as Alzheimer's and Niemann-Pick disease, pharmacological manipulation of the LXRs may prove beneficial in the treatment of these disorders.
An Application for Detecting GNSS Jamming and Spoofing (2021)

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) location engines on Android devices provide incredible location and navigation utility to billions of people worldwide. However, these location engines currently have little to no protection from accidental or intentional tampering that could block service or even spoof the reported location. External sources of radio frequency interference (RFI) can jam or spoof GNSS signals, and a mock location can also be provided through software alone. The Android platform provides many native location metrics that can be used to detect and potentially mitigate these attacks. The GNSS Alarm Android application is being developed to test and implement various methods of spoofing/jamming detection. The application will be a standalone suite that provides multiple flags corresponding to each method with a target to provide to the public for testing and application pending further development. The app uses four different methods to detect attacks: comparing the GNSS and Network locations, checking the Android mock location flag, comparing the GNSS and System times, and observing the automatic gain control (AGC) and carrier to noise density (C/N0) signal metrics. The limitations of each testing method are explored, and potential improvements to the app are discussed.
KooSHO: Japanese Text Input Environment based on Aerial Hand Writing (2013)

Hand gesture-based input systems have been in active research, yet most of them focus only on single character recognition. We propose KooSHO: an environment for Japanese input based on aerial hand gestures. The system provides an integrated experience of character input, Kana-Kanji conversion, and search result visualization. To achieve faster input, users only have to input consonant, which is then converted directly to Kanji sequences by direct consonant decoding. The system also shows suggestions to complete the user input. The comparison with voice recognition and a screen keyboard showed that KooSHO can be a more practical solution compared to the existing system. 1
Linear complexity universal decoding with exponential error probability decay (2005)

In this manuscript we consider linear complexity binary linear block encoders and decoders that operate universally with exponential error probability decay. Such scenarios may be relevant in wireless scenarios where probability distributions may not be fully characterized due to the dynamic nature of wireless environments. More specifically, we consider the setting of fixed length-to-fixed length near-lossless data compression of a memoryless binary source of unknown probability distribution as well as the dual setting of communicating on a binary symmetric channel (BSC) with unknown crossover probability. We introduce a new 'min-max distance' metric, analogous to minimum distance, that addresses the universal binary setting and has the same properties as that of minimum distance on BSCs with known crossover probability. The code construction and decoding algorithm are universal extensions of the 'expander codes' framework of Barg and Zemor and have identical complexity and exponential error probability performance.