gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct measurement of hot-carrier generation in a semiconductor barrier heterostructure: Identification of the dominant mechanism for thermal droop (2019)

Energy measurements of electrons emitted from a semiconductor can reveal internal physical processes hitherto elusive. Signatures of hot-electron processes in heterostructures have been observed from cesiated, light-emitting, and p-i-n diodes. In p-i-n devices with AlGaN barriers, a high-energy peak was measured and ascribed to a trap-assisted Auger recombination process. Temperature dependent measurements of light-emitting diodes with AlGaN electron blocking layers also show such hot carriers when electrons thermally reach these barriers, identifying carrier escape as the mechanism of thermal droop and demonstrating the efficacy of such barriers to partially mitigate thermal droop.
Precise Transit and Radial-velocity Characterization of a Resonant Pair: The Warm Jupiter TOI-216c and Eccentric Warm Neptune TOI-216b (2021)

Warm, large exoplanets with 10-100 day orbital periods pose a major challenge to our understanding of how planetary systems form and evolve. Precise characterization of their masses and radii, orbital properties, and resonant behavior can test theories for the origins of planets orbiting close to their stars. Previous characterization of the TOI 216 system using the first six sectors of TESS data suffered from a degeneracy between planet mass and orbital eccentricity. Radial-velocity measurements using HARPS, FEROS, and the Planet Finder Spectrograph break that degeneracy, and an expanded TTV baseline from TESS and an ongoing ground-based transit observing campaign increase the precision of the mass and eccentricity measurements. We determine that TOI-216c is a warm Jupiter, TOI-216b is an eccentric warm Neptune, and that they librate in 2:1 resonance with a moderate libration amplitude, a small but significant free eccentricity, and a small but significant mutual inclination. The libration amplitude, free eccentricity, and mutual inclination imply a disturbance of TOI-216b before or after resonance capture, perhaps by an undetected third planet. We discuss the implications for the origins of warm, large exoplanets.
Models and methods of simulating gas pipeline blowdown (1989)

Abstract Estimation of gas pipeline blowdown time requires the determination of the pressure‐time history for the unsteady discharge of gas through a blowdown stack open to the atmosphere. Computational procedures entail various assumptions whose validity and contributions to the accuracy are often not assessed. This paper discusses the computational models and solution methods and further assesses the significance of the various assumptions involved. Volume and pipe models, numerical and analytical methods of solution, effects of stack entrance and friction losses and discharge coefficient are evaluated. The accuracy of a particular model or method of solution is greatly dependent on the fL/D ratio of the pipe section under blowdown. Comparison with field measurements of a straight pipe section and a complicated compressor station yard piping enabled evaluation of the above models.
Mexico est devenue une de mes villes préférées au monde (Interview) (2016)

Premier paragraphe : A l’occasion du RdV annuel de l’Association internationale de sociologie urbaine à Mexico, la rédaction de Masiosarey a pu s’entretenir avec Patrick Le Galès, doyen de la nouvelle Ecole urbaine de Science Po Paris et directeur de recherche au CNRS. Depuis 2010, le professeur Le Galès vient presque chaque année au Mexique dans le cadre d’un accord de collaboration entre El Colegio de México et Science Po Paris.
Demonstration of an intermediate scale variational quantum simulation of chemistry using superconducting qubits (2020)

In this talk I will present recent experimental data demonstrating the largest-to-date quantum simulation of quantum chemistry, performed on Google’s latest generation of superconducting qubit quantum processors.
Developing accurate simulations for high-speed fiber links (2010)

Reliable simulations of high-speed fiber optic links are necessary to understand, design, and deploy fiber networks. Laboratory experiments cannot explore all possible component variations and fiber environments that are found in today's deployed systems. Simulations typically depict relative penalties compared to a reference link. However, absolute performance metrics are required to assess actual deployment configurations. Here we detail the efforts within the Georgia Tech 100G Consortium towards achieving high absolute accuracy between simulation and experimental performance with a goal of &plusmn;0.25 dB for back-to-back configuration, and &plusmn;0.5 dB for transmission over multiple spans with different dispersion maps. We measure all possible component parameters including fiber length, loss, and dispersion for use in simulation. We also validate experimental methods of performance evaluation including OSNR assessment and DSP-based demodulation. We investigate a wide range of parameters including modulator chirp, polarization state, polarization dependent loss, transmit spectrum, laser linewidth, and fiber nonlinearity. We evaluate 56 Gb/s (single-polarization) and 112 Gb/s (dual-polarization) DQPSK and coherent QPSK within a 50 GHz DWDM environment with 10 Gb/s OOK adjacent channels for worst-case XPM effects. We demonstrate good simulation accuracy within linear and some nonlinear regimes for a wide range of OSNR in both back-to-back configuration and up to eight spans, over a range of launch powers. This allows us to explore a wide range of environments not available in the lab, including different fiber types, ROADM passbands, and levels of crosstalk. Continued exploration is required to validate robustness over various demodulation algorithms.
Additively Manufactured Hollow Conductors Integrated With Heat Pipes: Design Tradeoffs and Hardware Demonstration (2021)

This article investigates the design of a 250 kW permanent magnet (PM) machine used for aircraft propulsion. The focus is to pursue high specific power (>20 kW/kg), high efficiency (>95%), and low thermal resistance direct-cooling design for the demanding aerospace applications. The proposed key-enabling technology is additively manufactured hollow conductors integrated with heat pipes. Compared to the existing high specific power PM machines for aerospace applications, the proposed design features a much lower speed - 5000 r/min without any torque amplifier, which helps promote the specific power of the overall system. Based on parametric finite-element analysis, tradeoff studies on a variety of winding configurations as well as geometrical parameters have been carried out, highlighting their impact on specific power, winding ac losses, and efficiency. AlSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sub> Mg coil samples printed by direct metal laser sintering as well as thermal management system have been demonstrated to show the feasibility of the concepts.
Three Novell Analog-Domain Algorithms for Motion Detection in Video Surveillance (2011)

As to reduce processing load for video surveillance embedded systems, three low-level motion detection algorithms to be implemented on an analog CMOS image sensor are presented. Allowing on-chip segmentation of moving targets, these algorithms are both robust and compliant to various environments while being power efficient. They feature different trade-offs between detection performance and number of a priori choices. Detailed processing steps are presented for each of these algorithms and a comparative study is proposed with respect to some reference algorithms. Depending on the application, the best algorithm choice is then discussed.
Multiscale Modeling of Metabolism and Macromolecular Synthesis in E. coli and Its Application to the Evolution of Codon Usage (2012)

Biological systems are inherently hierarchal and multiscale in time and space. A major challenge of systems biology is to describe biological systems as a computational model, which can be used to derive novel hypothesis and drive experiments leading to new knowledge. The constraint-based reconstruction and analysis approach has been successfully applied to metabolism and to the macromolecular synthesis machinery assembly. Here, we present the first integrated stoichiometric multiscale model of metabolism and macromolecular synthesis for Escherichia coli K12 MG1655, which describes the sequence-specific synthesis and function of almost 2000 gene products at molecular detail. We added linear constraints, which couple enzyme synthesis and catalysis reactions. Comparison with experimental data showed improvement of growth phenotype prediction with the multiscale model over E. coli's metabolic model alone. Many of the genes covered by this integrated model are well conserved across enterobacters and other, less related bacteria. We addressed the question of whether the bias in synonymous codon usage could affect the growth phenotype and environmental niches that an organism can occupy. We created two classes of in silico strains, one with more biased codon usage and one with more equilibrated codon usage than the wildtype. The reduced growth phenotype in biased strains was caused by tRNA supply shortage, indicating that expansion of tRNA gene content or tRNA codon recognition allow E. coli to respond to changes in codon usage bias. Our analysis suggests that in order to maximize growth and to adapt to new environmental niches, codon usage and tRNA content must co-evolve. These results provide further evidence for the mutation-selection-drift balance theory of codon usage bias. This integrated multiscale reconstruction successfully demonstrates that the constraint-based modeling approach is well suited to whole-cell modeling endeavors.
Self-starting KLM Ti:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ laser using semiconductor-doped glass structures (1998)

Summary form only given. We have demonstrated a novel and simple wedge-shaped saturable absorber structure based on commercial semiconductor-doped glass. We have successfully used this colored glass device to mode lock a Ti:sapphire laser and, for the first time to our knowledge, to initiate Kerr lens mode locking (KLM). Semiconductor colored glasses can potentially serve as simple and inexpensive devices for initiating KLM and mode locking solid-state lasers.
Spectroscopic Characterization and Tissue Imaging Using Site-Selective Polyazacyclic Terbium(III) Chelates (1996)

Polyazamacrocyclic chelates of terbium are shown to be useful in diagnostic medical imaging as tissue site-selective markers. Spectroscopic properties and biodistribution are studied for three terbium(III) species: 3,6,9-tris(methylene phosphonic acid n-butyl ester)-3,6,9,15-tetraaza-bicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-1(15),11,13-triene (abbreviated as PCTMB); 3,6,9-tris(methylene phosphonic acid)-3,6,9,15-tetraazabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadeca-1(13),11,13-triene (abbreviated as PCTMP); and N,N'-bis(methylene phosphonic acid)-2,11-diaza [3.3]-(2,6)pyridinophane (abbreviated as BP2P). The respective aqueous molar absorptivities are found to be 3424, 2513, and 3281/2210 L mole −1 cm −1 . Fluorescence quantum efficiency is determined against rhodamine 19 in basic ethanol and rhodamine 6G in ethanol. These values are 0.48, 0.21, and 0.40 for Tb-PCTMB, Tb-PCTMP, and Tb-BP2P, respectively. Biodistribution studies performed in Sprague–Dawley rats indicate tissue site-selectivity. Fluorescence images of bone tissues are presented and demonstrate the potential for using the lanthanide chelates to perform site-directed in vivo imaging for the early identification of abnormal tissue.
A Potential Novel Spontaneous Preterm Birth Gene, AR, Identified by Linkage and Association Analysis of X Chromosomal Markers (2012)

Preterm birth is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. In many cases, it has severe life-long consequences for the health and neurological development of the newborn child. More than 50% of all preterm births are spontaneous, and currently there is no effective prevention. Several studies suggest that genetic factors play a role in spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB). However, its genetic background is insufficiently characterized. The aim of the present study was to perform a linkage analysis of X chromosomal markers in SPTB in large northern Finnish families with recurrent SPTBs. We found a significant linkage signal (HLOD = 3.72) on chromosome locus Xq13.1 when the studied phenotype was being born preterm. There were no significant linkage signals when the studied phenotype was giving preterm deliveries. Two functional candidate genes, those encoding the androgen receptor (AR) and the interleukin-2 receptor gamma subunit (IL2RG), located near this locus were analyzed as candidates for SPTB in subsequent case-control association analyses. Nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within these genes and an AR exon-1 CAG repeat, which was previously demonstrated to be functionally significant, were analyzed in mothers with preterm delivery (n = 272) and their offspring (n = 269), and in mothers with exclusively term deliveries (n = 201) and their offspring (n = 199), all originating from northern Finland. A replication study population consisting of individuals born preterm (n = 111) and term (n = 197) from southern Finland was also analyzed. Long AR CAG repeats (≥ 26) were overrepresented and short repeats (≤ 19) underrepresented in individuals born preterm compared to those born at term. Thus, our linkage and association results emphasize the role of the fetal genome in genetic predisposition to SPTB and implicate AR as a potential novel fetal susceptibility gene for SPTB.
273 Multi-Target DNA Aberrations in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer Tissues Do Not Differ Between Younger and Older Patients (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is broadly endorsed for individuals 50–75 years of age. Given recent increases in CRC incidence and mortality for patients &lt;50 years old, the American Cancer Society now recommends initiation of average-risk CRC screening at age 45 (Wolf AMD CA Cancer J Clin 2018). The performance of recommended tests, including the multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA; marketed as Cologuard™) test, has been minimally described in populations under 50 years old. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a retrospective study of DNA markers (KRAS, BMP3, NDRG4) included in the mt-sDNA assay to quantify and compare tissue marker levels in sporadic CRC cases and normal colon controls from patients in 45–49 and 50–64 year-old age groups. Our primary hypothesis was that mt-sDNA marker levels would be statistically similar between cases in both age groups. METHODS: Patient samples were identified from a pathology tissue archive at Mayo Clinic, excluding those with inflammatory bowel disease or familial cancer syndromes. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues were reviewed by a GI pathologist for 45–49 year-old (n = 90) and 50–64 year-old (n = 96) CRC cases; normal colon samples (45–49, n = 76; 50–64, n = 92) were also included for comparison. DNA extracted from core punches was blinded and processed in a randomized order. Quantitative Allele specific Realtime Target and Signal amplification (QuARTS) assays were used to quantify KRAS mutations, and BMP3 and NDRG4 methylation. Marker level in each sample was reported as the QuARTS product of mutant KRAS , methylated BMP3 or NDRG4 relative to the ACTB product in each sample, reported as a percentage. At least 60 patients per group provided sufficient power to demonstrate differences in marker levels of ±25% between case groups and between control groups using the Wilcoxon Rank Sum test. RESULTS: CRC cases in the 45–49 vs 50–64 year-old groups did not differ significantly with respect to sex ( P = 0.77) or race/ethnicity ( P = 0.06); left-sided CRC was more common in the 45–49 vs 50–64 year-old group (87% vs. 72%; P = 0.02). None of the marker levels were statistically different between cases of the younger vs older groups or between controls of these groups (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: These data support the expectation of no age-related differences in CRC detection by mt-sDNA, as the relevant molecular markers, when they occur, are present at similar levels across age groups 45–49 and 50–64 years.
Evaluating Inter-Operator Cooperation Scenarios to Save Radio Access Network Energy (2022)

Reducing energy consumption is crucial not only to reduce OPEX but also to reduce the human debt to our planet. Over the past few years, most service providers (SPs) have actively tackled this issue, particularly targeting periods of low activity. Indeed, having fewer customers during these periods allows SPs to downsize or shut down part of their infrastructure. But this is not always optimal. Despite multiple energy-efficient optimizations, a mobile national operator (MNO) still need to maintain significant radio access network (RAN) infrastructure active at night. Could MNOs do better by cooperating with each other in such a way that an MNO can redirect its subscribers to a partner MNO, thus allowing its entire infrastructure to be temporarily deactivated while switching roles with the partner during a subsequent drop in activity period? To answer this question, we investigated a novel collaborative framework based on multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) allowing for negotiations between SPs as well as trustful reports from a distributed ledger technology (DLT) to evaluate the amount of energy saved. We leveraged it to experiment three different sets of rules (free, recommended, or imposed) regulating the negotiation between multiple SPs (3, 4, 8, or 10). Based on the observation of four cooperation metrics (efficiency, safety, incentive-compatibility, and fairness), the simulations showed that the imposed set of rules proved to be the best mode.
An extended convection diffusion model for red blood cell-enhanced transport of thrombocytes and leukocytes (2009)

Transport phenomena of platelets and white blood cells (WBCs) are fundamental to the processes of vascular disease and thrombosis. Unfortunately, the dilute volume occupied by these cells is not amenable to fluid-continuum modeling, and yet the cell count is large enough that modeling each individual cell is impractical for most applications. The most feasible option is to treat them as dilute species governed by convection and diffusion; however, this is further complicated by the role of the red blood cell (RBC) phase on the transport of these cells. We therefore propose an extended convection-diffusion (ECD) model based on the diffusive balance of a fictitious field potential, Psi, that accounts for the gradients of both the dilute phase and the local hematocrit. The ECD model was applied to the flow of blood in a tube and between parallel plates in which a profile for the RBC concentration field was imposed and the resulting platelet concentration field predicted. Compared to prevailing enhanced-diffusion models that dispersed the platelet concentration field, the ECD model was able to simulate a near-wall platelet excess, as observed experimentally. The extension of the ECD model depends only on the ability to prescribe the hematocrit distribution, and therefore may be applied to a wide variety of geometries to investigate platelet-mediated vascular disease and device-related thrombosis.
Unsourced Random Access with Threshold$-$Based Feedback (2022)

In this paper we focus on a feedback mechanism for unsourced random access (URA) communications. We propose an algorithm to construct feedback packets broadcasted to the users by the base station (BS) as well as the feedback packet format that allows the users to estimate their channels and infer positive or negative feedback based on the presented thresholding algorithm. We demonstrate that the proposed feedback imposes a much smaller complexity burden on the users compared to the feedback that positively acknowledges all successful or negatively acknowledges all undecoded users. We also show that the proposed feedback technique can lead to a substantial reduction in the packet error rates and signal-to-noise ratios (SNR)s required to support various numbers of active users in the system.
Novel Consistency Check For Fast Recursive Reconstruction Of Non-Regularly Sampled Video Data (2021)

Quarter sampling is a novel sensor design that allows for an acquisition of higher resolution images without increasing the number of pixels. When being used for video data, one out of four pixels is measured in each frame. Effectively, this leads to a non-regular spatio-temporal sub-sampling. Compared to purely spatial or temporal sub-sampling, this allows for an increased reconstruction quality, as aliasing artifacts can be reduced. For the fast reconstruction of such sensor data with a fixed mask, recursive variant of frequency selective reconstruction (FSR) was proposed. Here, pixels measured in previous frames are projected into the current frame to support its reconstruction. In doing so, the motion between the frames is computed using template matching. Since some of the motion vectors may be erroneous, it is important to perform a proper consistency checking. In this paper, we propose faster consistency checking methods as well as a novel recursive FSR that uses the projected pixels different than in literature and can handle dynamic masks. Altogether, we are able to significantly increase the reconstruction quality by + 1.01 dB compared to the state-of-the-art recursive reconstruction method using a fixed mask. Compared to a single frame reconstruction, an average gain of about + 1.52 dB is achieved for dynamic masks. At the same time, the computational complexity of the consistency checks is reduced by a factor of 13 compared to the literature algorithm.
Evaluation of Biochemical Changes in Skin‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells during In Vitro Neurodifferentiation by FT‐IR Analysis (2012)

Recently FT‐IR analysis has been employed to study changes in molecular signatures during embryonic stem cell differentiation. We were interested to find out whether FT‐IR spectroscopy could be applied to analyze changes in human skin mesenchymal stem cell (S‐MSC) biochemical profile during in vitro neurodifferentiation. S‐MSCs were propagated in serum‐free medium with EGF and FGF‐2 during six weeks. Neural progenitor cell line ReNcell CX (Millipore) was used as a reference cell line. Samples were collected each week and analyzed for neural marker nestin, tubulin β III, GFAP, and CD271 expression. FT‐IR analysis was carried out using microplate reader HTS‐XT (Bruker, Germany). Despite the immunophenotype similarity, FT‐IR spectroscopy revealed distinct profiles for S‐MSC culture and ReNcell CX cells. FT‐IR spectra analyses showed changes of protein and lipid concentration during neurodifferentiation and different carbohydrate composition in ReNcell CX and S‐MSCs. It was possible to discriminate between S‐MSC cultures at different time points during neurodifferentiation. The results of this study demonstrate that FT‐IR spectroscopy is more sensitive than conventional immunophenotyping analysis and it has a great potential for the monitoring of the stem cell differentiation status.
Efficient Solvent‐Free in situ Tin‐Mediated Homoallylation Reactions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.