gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nature and Specificity of Lymphokine Independence Induced by a Selectable Retroviral Vector Expressing v- src (1987)

A murine retroviral vector, LSNLsrc, has been constructed and examined for its ability to induce growth factor independence in cells normally dependent on interleukin 2 (IL-2) or interleukin 3 (IL-3) for growth. The LSNLsrc vector coexpressed the v-src gene of Rous sarcoma virus and the neo gene from transposon Tn5, allowing infected cells to be selected on the basis of G418 resistance. The murine cell lines CTLL-2 and FD.C/1, which are dependent for growth on IL-2 and IL-3, respectively, were both readily infected with the LSNLsrc virus. LSNLsrc-infected, G418-resistant cultures of FD.C/1 cells were able to give rise to IL-3-independent progeny, but all G418-resistant CTLL-2 cells retained normal IL-2 dependence. The induction of IL-3 independence by v-src was not a direct event, since limiting dilution analysis of the LSNLsrc-infected FD.C/1 cells showed that most of them were IL-3 dependent, despite expression of v-src mRNA and active pp60v-src kinase. However, clones selected from this population in the presence of IL-3 were able to undergo a subsequent progression event and generate IL-3-independent progeny. The generation of factor-independent variants in the clonal cultures was a rare event, as witnessed by the death of most of the cells in each clone when IL-3 was withdrawn. Together, these data indicate that a secondary event, in addition to v-src expression, was required to generate IL-3-independent growth. No evidence was found for an autocrine mechanism of transformation involving IL-2, IL-3, interleukin 4, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
Designing Mechanisms for E-Commerce Security: An Example from Sealed-Bid Auctions (2001)

The use of computing technology is a necessary but not sufficient approach to enhancing e-commerce security. It should be supplemented by the application of economic mechanisms to design e-processes that discourage the exploitation of security weaknesses. Mechanisms that function well in traditional commerce should be updated to accommodate new problems raised in e-commerce, such as the lack of authentication. As an illustration, thiezezs research focuses on on-line auction mechanisms and develops a Leveled Partition Set (LPS) protocol for multi-unit sealed-bid auctions. LPS prevents on-line false-name bidding whereby bidders increase their utility by splitting their bids for a large bundle to several smaller bundles under false identities.
Mode-area scaling of helical-core, dual-clad fiber lasers and amplifiers using an improved bend-loss model (2006)

For small-bend radii, the waveguide condition for total internal reflection is violated in a large angular spread of incident angles at the interface of the fiber core. To account for this, we derived an improved semianalytic bend-loss model that allows for the propagation of radiated fields outside the plane of the fiber bend. This new model is applied to large-mode-area helical-core fibers (which require small-bend radii) for use as high-power fiber lasers and amplifiers. In particular, the limits of scaling the mode area while maintaining good beam quality are explored. Single-mode operation is expected for a 40 μm core with a 0.10 numerical aperture, and scaling to a 100 μm core diameter is shown to be possible. Additionally, helical fibers are shown to readily perform where conventional coiled fibers are not appropriate to operate long term.
Multi-Modal Sensor Localization Using a Mobile Access Point (2006)

We consider the problem of sensor node localization in a randomly deployed sensor network, using a mobile access point (AP). The mobile AP can be used to localize many sensors simultaneously in a broadcast mode, without a preestablished sensor network. We consider a multi-modal approach, combining radio and acoustics. The radio broadcasts timing, location information, and acoustic signal parameters. The acoustic emission may be used at the sensor to measure Doppler stretch, time delay, and angle of arrival. These measurements are individually sufficient to localize a sensor node, or they may be advantageously combined. We focus on the cases of Doppler and time delay. Sensor localization algorithms are developed, and performance analysis includes acoustic propagation effects caused by the turbulent atmosphere.
Combined modeling and measurement methods to calibrate nonlinear acoustic fields of HIFU transducers (2012)

In order to determine whether the phenomenon of sickle erythrocyte adherence to cultured vascular endothelium exists under conditions of blood flow, we exposed monolayers of bovine aortic endothelial cells to flowing sickle cell blood under controlled conditions in a specially designed flow chamber. Individual red cells were imaged by means of epifluorescent videomicroscopy, five percent of the total number of red cells in an aliquot of blood having been labelled by the passive uptake of sodium fluorescein isothiocyanate. At a shear rate of 270 sec-1 at the blood-monolayer interface, red cells from sickle cell blood frequently adhered to the monolayer for periods ranging from 100's of m sec to greater than 30 sec. With adhesion defined as the average number of adherent red cells during the sixth minute of blood flow (corrected upward to account for unlabelled erythrocytes), adhesion with sickle cell blood was of the order of 10(4) erythrocytes/cm2 ECM and exceeded (p less than 0.001) that for normal blood by a factor of 5.6. Further studies utilizing in situ displacement of blood with culture medium followed by brightfield microscopy indicate that the adherent cells were predominantly discocytes having single points of tethering to unknown sites on the monolayer. Adhesion of sickle cell erythrocytes to endothelium, therefore, is a very real phenomenon under physiologic conditions of blood flow; this phenomenon may contribute to the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusive events seen in sickle cell disease.
Reactive phenotypes after acute and chronic NK-cell activation. (2005)

Several phenotypic changes have been shown to occur after NK-cell stimulation, involving molecules that have been proved to regulate NK-cell migration into tissues and NK-cell activation and proliferation as well as target cell recognition and killing. Here, we review the reactive phenotypes observed in vivo after acute and chronic NK-cell activation.
Stay the Executioner's Hand (2000)

ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease after the American baseball star who died of the illness, is characterized by death of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. In a Perspective, [Gurney and colleagues][1] discuss new findings ([ Li et al .][2]) showing that in a mouse model of ALS, survival can be prolonged by administering an inhibitor of caspases, the enzymes that act as the cell's executioner in apoptosis. The new work demonstrates that the motor neurons die through apoptosis and that blocking this programmed cell death with a caspase inhibitor might be one approach to treating ALS patients.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5464/283
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/288/5464/335
Nanostar Clustering Improves the Sensitivity of Plasmonic Assays (2015)

Star-shaped Au nanoparticles (Au nanostars, AuNS) have been developed to improve the plasmonic sensitivity, but their application has largely been limited to single-particle probes. We herein describe a AuNS clustering assay based on nanoscale self-assembly of multiple AuNS and which further increases detection sensitivity. We show that each cluster contains multiple nanogaps to concentrate electric fields, thereby amplifying the signal via plasmon coupling. Numerical simulation indicated that AuNS clusters assume up to 460-fold higher field density than Au nanosphere clusters of similar mass. The results were validated in model assays of protein biomarker detection. The AuNS clustering assay showed higher sensitivity than Au nanosphere. Minimizing the size of affinity ligand was found important to tightly confine electric fields and improve the sensitivity. The resulting assay is simple and fast and can be readily applied to point-of-care molecular detection schemes.
The synthesis and methanolysis of benzyl tosylates: An advanced organic chemistry laboratory experiment (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe synthesis and methanolysis of benzyl tosylates: An advanced organic chemistry laboratory experimentMichael E. Garst and Gordon W. Gribble Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 9, 819Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1984Published inissue 1 September 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ed061p819RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views628Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (425 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Serial Measurements of Higher-Order Aberrations after Blinking in Normal Subjects (2006)

Dynamic changes in HOAs after blinking showed variations even in clinically normal subjects. Serial measurements of HOAs may be useful in evaluating the dynamic changes in tear film and the effects on the quality of vision after blinking.
Proposal of the Experimental Promotional Video Model using Image Extension and Contraction, Overlay Techniques: based on augmented Reality and Virtual Museum Concepts (2014)

This study is about expressive techniques for promotional videos of cultural-arts organizations, and specifically aims to propose the new video producing model based on the research of Augmented Reality technology and Virtual exhibition. Up to this day, Augmented realty is not popularized for making promotional videos, but it has potential value since this technology can be variously connected with culture contents, specially for exploring exhibitions of museums or art galleries. Therefore, this study aims to examine characteristics of the technology, and find the possibility of combining Information & communication technology with the culture contents industry, specially, for making promotional videos. Then suggest the new experimental design model for making promotional video using the concept, and analyze how the new design model expressive techniques make the synergy effect and how the new model is differentiated from the existing promotional video design on the aspects of maximizing user experience and user interaction.
<em>In Vitro</em> Assay of Bacterial Adhesion onto Mammalian Epithelial Cells (2011)

To cause infections, bacteria must colonize their host. Bacterial pathogens express various molecules or structures able to promote attachment to host cells(1). These adhesins rely on interactions with host cell surface receptors or soluble proteins acting as a bridge between bacteria and host. Adhesion is a critical first step prior to invasion and/or secretion of toxins, thus it is a key event to be studied in bacterial pathogenesis. Furthermore, adhered bacteria often induce exquisitely fine-tuned cellular responses, the studies of which have given birth to the field of 'cellular microbiology'(2). Robust assays for bacterial adhesion on host cells and their invasion therefore play key roles in bacterial pathogenesis studies and have long been used in many pioneer laboratories(3,4). These assays are now practiced by most laboratories working on bacterial pathogenesis. Here, we describe a standard adherence assay illustrating the contribution of a specific adhesin. We use the Escherichia coli strain 2787(5), a human pathogenic strain expressing the autotransporter Adhesin Involved in Diffuse Adherence (AIDA). As a control, we use a mutant strain lacking the aidA gene, 2787ΔaidA (F. Berthiaume and M. Mourez, unpublished), and a commercial laboratory strain of E. coli, C600 (New England Biolabs). The bacteria are left to adhere to the cells from the commonly used HEp-2 human epithelial cell line. This assay has been less extensively described before(6).
Dynamic modeling of cable driven elongated surgical instruments for sensorless grip force estimation (2016)

Haptic feedback plays a key role in surgeries, but it is still a missing component in robotic Minimally Invasive Surgeries. This paper proposes a dynamic model-based sensorless grip force estimation method to address the haptic perception problem for commonly used elongated cable-driven surgical instruments. Cable and cable-pulley properties are studied for dynamic modeling; grip forces, along with driven motor and gripper jaw positions and velocities are jointly estimated with Unscented Kalman Filter and only motor encoder readings and motor output torques are assumed to be known. A bounding filter is used to compensate for model inaccuracy and to improve method robustness. The proposed method was validated on a 10mm gripper which is driven by a Raven-II surgical robot. The gripper was equipped with 1-dimensional force sensors which served as ground truth data. The experimental results showed that the proposed method provides sufficiently good grip force estimation, while only motor encoder and the motor torques are used as observations.
Performance evaluation of the passive-active neutron (PAN) radioassay system at Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (1997)

The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory is using the passive active neutron (PAN) radioassay system to assay 208 liter drums for plutonium in transuranic waste. PAN systems similar to INEL's are in use to perform like tasks at other US DOE sites and later versions of the PAN are in use throughout the world. The PAN system, developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory, uses both passive neutron coincidence counting and thermal neutron interrogation/differential die-away to determine the amount of plutonium in a waste drum. This paper discusses a modified statistical sampling and verification approach to determine the total uncertainty of a PAN systems measurement when applied in the assay of real waste. In this approach a statistical review is performed on real waste drum radiographs, waste generator data and PAN assay data to identify the variations of the physical, chemical and measurement characteristics pertaining to a waste category. Using data from the statistical review, the performance of the PAN assay systems is simulated using computer models of the assay system with regard to the waste form under review. The simulated responses, in terms of plutonium mass in these cases, are compared with the known input masses to assess total uncertainty. To demonstrate the method, the result of this approach will be presented for PAN measurements on two waste categories at INEL.
Enabling devices, empowering people: The design and evaluation ofTrackball EdgeWrite (2008)

Trackball EdgeWrite is a successful new method for desktop text entry and may have further implications for able-bodied users of mobile technologies. Theoretical modelling is useful in combination with empirical testing to explore design alternatives. Single-user lab and field studies can be useful for driving a rapid iterative cycle of innovation and development.
Shared mesh restoration: a simulation study (2002)

Summary form only given. The introduction of cross-connects (XCs) into optical networks grants us the opportunity to rapidly provision high bandwidth connections. These connections are generally used to carry critical customer data. As such, connection reliability becomes a major concern for both carriers and their customers. We investigated the scalability of XC architectures and shared-mesh restoration signaling schemes for rapid restoration. The key findings are that: 1. Sequential processing of cross-connect requests is highly undesirable for cross-connects with significant per-node cross-connect times; and 2. Contention resolution schemes with message forwarding only after cross-connection completion (such as those used within current generalized-multi protocol label switching (GMPLS) proposals) provides significantly slower restoration as compared with contention avoidance schemes.
BER Performance Analysis of MC-CDMA with Overlap-FDE (2008)

Recently, multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) has been attracting much attention as a broadband wireless access technique for the next generation mobile communication systems. Frequency-domain equalization (FDE) based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion can take advantage of the channel frequency-selectivity and improve the average bit error rate (BER) performance due to frequency-diversity gain. The conventional FDE requires the insertion of the guard interval (GI) to avoid the inter-block interference (IBI), resulting in the transmission efficiency loss. In this paper, an overlap FDE technique, which requires no GI insertion, is presented for MC-CDMA transmission. An expression for the conditional BER is derived for the given set of channel gains. The average BER performance in a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel is evaluated by Monte-Carlo numerical computation method using the derived conditional BER and is confirmed by computer simulation of the signal transmission.
Ion Implantation and Electrical Annealing for Trimming Silicon MZIs and Facilitating One-Time Programmable Photonic Circuits (2019)

We use Ge ion implantation and electrical annealing, via TiN micro-heater, to trim silicon MZIs. The results show the possibility for switching the output power from the drop port to through port permanently, locally and rapidly.
Beam stability of buried-heterostructure quantum cascade lasers employing HVPE regrowth (2021)

Measurements of beam stability for mid-infrared (IR)-emitting quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are important for applications that require the beam to travel through air to remote targets, such as free-space communication links. We report beam-quality measurement results of narrow-ridge, 4.6 µm-emitting buried-heterostructure (BH) QCLs fabricated using ICP etching and HVPE regrowth. Beam-quality measurements under QCW operation exhibit M<sup>2</sup> < 1.2 up to 1 W for ∼5 µm-wide ridges. 5 µm-wide devices display some small degree of centroid motion with increasing output power (< 0.125 mrad), which corresponds to a targeting error of ∼1.25 cm over a distance of 100 m.
Verification of Modular Asynchronous Circuits (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: About Asynchronous Circuits XOR-Gates CEL-Circuit Other Modules Module Extensions Modular Networks Realizations Verification of Extended Modules Verification of Parallel Control Structures Further Reading Selected Solutions References
Dry Lithography with Deep-UV Exposure Using Silylated Resist Materials (1989)

The silylation behavior of some positive resists has been investigated using 248nm KrF Excimer laser expo-sure. In particular we have studied novolac-based mid-UV (i-line) positive resists and also variants which use an image reversal scheme. Both types of resist were found to produce selectivities in etch rate of 10-15. The etch rate was slower in the exposed regions in the positive case, and slower in the flood-exposed areas in the image reversal schemes. We have compared our results to the mechanisms for silylation selectivity suggested in the literature and find them to be consistent with models that propose cross-linking as a diffusion inhibitor. The nature of the cross-linking however is not the same in all cases, and depends on the chemistry and processing parameters of the resist system.
APPLYING FISHBEIN'S MULTI-ATTRIBUTE ATTITUDE MODEL TO THE TATA SWACH WATER PURIFIER (2015)

In this paper, user feedback is used to calculate the relative importance of several attributes of a water purifier by applying Fishbein's Multi-Attribute Attitude Model. Survey data is collected from 35 users of a particular water purifier in India. Their beliefs regarding 10 attributes and their overall attitude toward the product are quantified. Least squares regression is used to calculate the relative importance of each attribute to the average user, and a comparison is made between users' reported overall attitude and that predicted by the Fishbein model. Though some results are inconclusive, it is shown that filter efficacy and ease of maintenance may be the most important factors in determining user attitude toward the purifier. Limitations of the Fishbein model in this context are discussed including the fact that this model assuMES that all attributes are linearly related to overall attitude. It is recommended that more data be collected and the model be expanded before these findings are used to inform future design decisions.
Stable White Light‐Emitting Biocomposite Films (2018)

Abstract The demonstration of reliable and stable white light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) is one of the main technological challenges of the LED industry. This is usually accomplished by incorporation of light‐emitting rare‐earth elements (REEs) compounds within an external polymeric coating of a blue LED allowing the generation of white light. However, due to both environmental and cost issues, the development of low‐cost REE‐free coatings, which exhibit competitive performance compared to conventional white LED is of great importance. In this work, the formation of an REE‐free white LED coating is demonstrated. This biocomposite material, composed of biological (crystalline nanocellulose and porcine gastric mucin) and organic (light‐emitting dyes) compounds, exhibits excellent optical and mechanical properties as well as resistance to heat, humidity, and UV radiation. The coating is further used to demonstrate a working white LED by incorporating it within a commercial blue LED.
Synthesis and Terminal Functionalization of Ethylene-Propylene Copolymers Obtained with Et(H4Ind)2ZrCl2-methylalmoxane Catalyst. (1992)

エチレン-ビス (テトラヒドロインデニル) ジルコニウムジクロリドーメチルアルモキサン系触媒を用いて重合温度0～40℃, エチレン/プロピレン気相モル比1で共重合を行った. 得られた共重合体のプロピレン含率は55～62mol%, モノマー反応性比の積は0.87～0.88とそれぞれ重合温度によらずほぼ一定値を示し, ランダム共重合体が生成していることが確認された. 一方, 分子量は重合温度の上昇に伴い急激に減少したが, 分子量分布は約2と一定であった. 1HNMR, 13CNMR, 及びIRスベクトルの解析から, 生成ポリマーの停止末端には選択的にビニリデン結合が存在していることが明らかとなった. このビニリデン結合をヒドロメタレーション反応を利用して, 水酸基, 臭素ならびにアミノ基に変換することにより末端修飾ポリオレフィンを合成した.