gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithography-Free Plasmonic Color Printing with Femtosecond Laser on Semicontinuous Silver Films (2020)

Plasmonic color printing with semicontinuous metal films is a lithography-free and environment-friendly method for generating nonfading bright colors. Such films are comprised of islands, metal nanoparticles and their clusters of various dimensions, which resonate at different wavelengths upon external light illumination, depending on the size and shape of the local particle structures. To experimentally realize systems that were optimized for achieving a broad color range and increased stability, various silver semicontinuous metal films were deposited on a metallic (Ag) mirror with a subwavelength-thick dielectric (SiO2) spacer. Femtosecond laser postprocessing was then introduced to extend the color gamut, through spectrally induced changes, from blue to red and yellow. Long-term stability and durability of the structures were addressed to enable nonfading colors with an optimized overcoating dielectric layer. The thickness of the proposed design is on the order of 100 nm, and it can be deposited on any substrate. These structures generate a broad range of long-lasting colors in reflection that can be applied to real-life artistic or technological applications with a spatial resolution on the order of 0.3 mm or less.
Targeted Drug Delivery to Flow-Obstructed Blood Vessels Using Mechanically Activated Nanotherapeutics (2014)

Obstruction of normal blood flow, which occurs in a variety of diseases, including thromboembolism in stroke and atherosclerosis, is a leading cause of death and long-term adult disability in the Western world. This review focuses on a novel nanotherapeutic drug-delivery platform that is mechanically activated within blood vessels by high-fluid shear stresses to selectively target drugs to sites of vascular obstruction. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that this approach can be used to efficiently lyse clots using a significantly lower amount of thrombolytic drug than is required when administered in a soluble formulation. This nanotherapeutic strategy can potentially improve both the efficacy and safety of thrombolytic drugs, particularly in patients who are at high risk for brain hemorrhage, and thus provide a new approach for the treatment of many life-threatening and debilitating vascular disorders.
61.5L: Late‐News Paper: Highly Efficient White OLEDs with Single Solution‐Processed Emitting Layer Consisting of Three Kinds of Dopants (2013)

Abstract We achieved a highly efficient white organic light emitting diode with a single emitting layer consisting of three kinds of dopants. The emitting layer was fabricated with a one‐step solution coating process. A maximum power efficiency of 70 lm/W was obtained by applying high photoluminescent quantum yield dopants and improving light‐extraction efficiency.
Time-Mapping Using Space-Time Saliency (2014)

We describe a new approach for generating regular-speed, low-frame-rate (LFR) video from a high-frame-rate (HFR) input while preserving the important moments in the original. We call this time-mapping, a time-based analogy to high dynamic range to low dynamic range spatial tone-mapping. Our approach makes these contributions: (1) a robust space-time saliency method for evaluating visual importance, (2) a re-timing technique to temporally resample based on frame importance, and (3) temporal filters to enhance the rendering of salient motion. Results of our space-time saliency method on a benchmark dataset show it is state-of-the-art. In addition, the benefits of our approach to HFR-to-LFR time-mapping over more direct methods are demonstrated in a user study.
Effect of Functional Groups on the Sensing Properties of Silicon Nanowires toward Volatile Compounds (2013)

Molecular layers attached to a silicon nanowire field effect transistor (SiNW FET) can serve as antennas for signal transduction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Nevertheless, the mutual relationship between the molecular layers and VOCs is still a puzzle. In the present paper, we explore the effect of the molecular layer's end (functional) groups on the sensing properties of VOCs. Toward this end, SiNW FETs were modified with tailor-made molecular layers that have the same backbone but differ in their end groups. Changes in the threshold voltage (ΔVth) and changes in the mobility (Δμh) were then recorded upon exposure to various VOCs. Model-based analysis indicates that the interaction between molecular layers and VOCs can be classified to three main scenarios: (a) dipole-dipole interaction between the molecular layer and the polar VOCs; (b) induced dipole-dipole interaction between the molecular layers and the nonpolar VOCs; and (c) molecular layer tilt as a result of VOCs diffusion. Based on these scenarios, it is likely that the electron-donating/withdrawing properties of the functional groups control the dipole moment orientation of the adsorbed VOCs and, as a result, determine the direction (or sign) of the ΔVth. Additionally, it is likely the diffusion of VOCs into the molecular layer, determined by the type of functional groups, is the main reason for the Δμh responses. The reported findings are expected to provide an efficient way to design chemical sensors that are based on SiNW FETs to nonpolar VOCs, which do not exchange carriers with the molecular layers.
Process Monitoring Using Online Sensor Signals (2017)

Online process monitoring in ultrasonic welding of automotive lithium-ion batteries is essential for robust and reliable battery pack assembly. Effective quality monitoring algorithms have been developed to identify out of control parts by applying purely statistical classification methods. However, such methods do not provide the deep physical understanding of the manufacturing process that is necessary to provide diagnostic capability when the process is out of control. The purpose of this study is to determine the physical correlation between ultrasonic welding signal features and the ultrasonic welding process conditions and ultimately joint performance. A deep understanding in these relationships will enable a significant reduction in production launch time and cost, improve process design for ultrasonic welding, and reduce operational downtime through advanced diagnostic methods. In this study, the fundamental physics behind the ultrasonic welding process is investigated using two process signals, weld power and horn displacement. Several online features are identified by examining those signals and their variations under abnormal process conditions. The joint quality is predicted by correlating such online features to weld attributes such as bond density and post-weld thickness that directly impact the weld performance. This study provides a guideline for feature selection and advanced diagnostics to achieve a reliable online quality monitoring system in ultrasonic metal welding.
Quasi-deterministic approach to mmWave channel modeling in a non-stationary environment (2014)

There is increasing faith that mmWave technology will be part of 5G wireless networks in the wide frequency range 30-90 GHz. Experimental measurements are used to model mmWave channels addressing issues like human body shadowing or reflections due to moving vehicles. In this paper a new quasi-deterministic (Q-D) approach is introduced for modeling mmWave channels. The proposed channel model allows natural description of scenario-specific geometric properties, reflection attenuation and scattering, ray blockage and mobility effects. This new channel modeling approach is of utmost importance for further measurement campaigns planning, channel model characterization, system level simulations and network access capacity estimations.
High-Sensitivity Bandpass RF Modulator In LiNbO 3 (1988)

High-sensitivity lumped-element bandpass modulators in lithium niobate have been designed and evaluated. We discuss what ultimately limits the modulator response, then describe a passive resonant drive circuit, and give some experimental results from modulators using it. This circuit improves the response over that of a baseband device, but does so at the expense of reducing the bandwidth. Finally, we give experimental results from an optical link that uses this modulator. The high modulator response (equivalent to V&pi; = 250 mV at 50 0) gives the link an input sensitivity only 16 dB above thermal noise while preserving a large dynamic range.
Nondestructive Evaluation (2014)

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) inspection schemes are important in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. By correctly applying techniques of NDE, we can reduce machine and system failures and increase reliability of operating systems over an extended lifetime. Nondestructive Evaluation: A Tool in Design, Manufacturing, and Service introduces and discusses primary techniques used in the field, including ultrasonics, acoustic emission, magnetics, radiography, penetrants, and eddy currents. Examples of each of these techniques are included, demonstrating typical applications.
An Analysis of a Commercial Database on the Use of Erectile Dysfunction Treatments for Men With Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance (2020)

ED prevalence among men insured by an ESHI plan has notably increased, yet approximately three-quarters of these men had no claims for ED treatments, indicating substantial access gaps to treatment.
An Enantiomerically Pure Adamantylimido Molybdenum Alkylidene Complex. An Effective New Catalyst for Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An electrostatic fringing-field actuator (EFFA): application towards a low-complexity thin-film RF-MEMS technology (2007)

This paper presents a novel electrostatic actuator using fringing fields as the actuation mechanism, i.e. an electrostatic fringing-field actuator or EFFA. The novel device is produced on an insulating substrate in a simple two-mask process involving only one sacrificial layer and one metallization. To demonstrate the EFFA capabilities, we produced and characterized EFFAs in various technological implementations of remarkable simplicity. This simplicity allows a vast flexibility for the processing and as a result strongly eases the integration of the EFFAs into existing technologies. For the basic device, we report a non-de-embedded measured capacitance ratio of 1:3 and a lifetime of more than 107 cycles with 40 V bipolar actuation at 100 Hz in N2 atmosphere. Both the capacitance ratio and the C–V profile were tuned by modifying the technology, e.g. coating the substrate before processing the EFFAs and the design, e.g. switching from clamped-free to clamped–clamped devices. We finally report a complete RF-MEMS technology using the EFFAs as single actuators. Switchable and tunable LC tanks, phase shifters, series and shunt parallel-plate capacitors actuated as relays and capacitive relays are presented to demonstrate the possibilities of this technology.
Quantifying the Integration of Quorum-Sensing Signals with Single-Cell Resolution (2009)

Cell-to-cell communication in bacteria is a process known as quorum sensing that relies on the production, detection, and response to the extracellular accumulation of signaling molecules called autoinducers. Often, bacteria use multiple autoinducers to obtain information about the vicinal cell density. However, how cells integrate and interpret the information contained within multiple autoinducers remains a mystery. Using single-cell fluorescence microscopy, we quantified the signaling responses to and analyzed the integration of multiple autoinducers by the model quorum-sensing bacterium Vibrio harveyi. Our results revealed that signals from two distinct autoinducers, AI-1 and AI-2, are combined strictly additively in a shared phosphorelay pathway, with each autoinducer contributing nearly equally to the total response. We found a coherent response across the population with little cell-to-cell variation, indicating that the entire population of cells can reliably distinguish several distinct conditions of external autoinducer concentration. We speculate that the use of multiple autoinducers allows a growing population of cells to synchronize gene expression during a series of distinct developmental stages.
Comparing regional transcript profiles from maize primary roots under well-watered and low water potential conditions (2006)

Regionally distinct elongation responses to water stress in the maize primary root tip have been observed in the past. A genetic basis for such differential responses has been demonstrated. Normalized bar-coded cDNA libraries were generated for four regions of the root tip, 0-3 mm (R1), 3-7 mm (R2), 7-12 mm (R3), and 12-20 mm (R4) from the root apex, and transcript profiles for these regions were sampled. This permitted a correlation between transcript nature and regional location for 15 726 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) that, in approximately equal numbers, derived from three conditions of the root: water stress (water potential: -1.6 MPa) for 5 h and for 48 h, respectively, and well watered (5 h and 48 h combined). These normalized cDNA libraries provided 6553 unigenes. An analysis of the regional representation of transcripts showed that populations were largely unaffected by water stress in R1, correlating with the maintenance of elongation rates under water stress known for R1. In contrast, transcript profiles in regions 2 and 3 diverged in well-watered and water-stressed roots. In R1, transcripts for translation and cell cycle control were prevalent. R2 was characterized by transcripts for cell wall biogenesis and cytoskeleton formation. R3 and R4 shared prevalent groups of transcripts responsible for defence mechanisms, ion transport, and biogenesis of secondary metabolites. Transcripts which were followed for 1, 6, and 48 h of water stress showed distinct region-specific changes in absolute expression and changes in regulated functions.
Multiplex, Real-Time, Point-of-care RT-LAMP for SARS-CoV-2 Detection Using the HFman Probe (2022)

Viral evolution impacts diagnostic test performance through the emergence of variants with sequences affecting the efficiency of primer binding. Such variants that evade detection by nucleic acid-based tests are subject to selective pressure, enabling them to spread more efficiently. Here, we report a variant-tolerant diagnostic test for SARS-CoV-2 using a loop-mediated isothermal nucleic acid-based amplification (LAMP) assay containing high-fidelity DNA polymerase and a high-fidelity DNA polymerase-medicated probe (HFman probe). In addition to demonstrating a high tolerance to variable SARS-CoV-2 viral sequences, the mechanism also overcomes frequently observed limitations of LAMP assays arising from non-specific amplification within multiplexed reactions performed in a single "pot". Results showed excellent clinical performance (sensitivity 94.5%, specificity 100%, <i>n</i> = 190) when compared directly to a commercial gold standard reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay for the extracted RNA from nasopharyngeal samples and the capability of detecting a wide range of sequences containing at least alpha and delta variants. To further validate the test with no sample processing, directly from nasopharyngeal swabs, we also detected SARS-CoV-2 in positive clinical samples (<i>n</i> = 49), opening up the possibility for the assay's use in decentralized testing.
High mutation detection rates in cerebral cavernous malformation upon stringent inclusion criteria: one‐third of probands are minors (2014)

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are prevalent vascular malformations occurring in familial autosomal dominantly inherited or isolated forms. Once CCM are diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, the indication for genetic testing requires either a positive family history of cavernous lesions or clinical symptoms such as chronic headaches, epilepsy, neurological deficits, and hemorrhagic stroke or the occurrence of multiple lesions in an isolated case. Following these inclusion criteria, the mutation detection rates in a consecutive series of 105 probands were 87% for familial and 57% for isolated cases. Thirty-one novel mutations were identified with a slight shift towards proportionally more CCM3 mutations carriers than previously published (CCM1: 60%, CCM2: 18%, CCM3: 22%). In-frame deletions and exonic missense variants requiring functional analyses to establish their pathogenicity were rare: An in-frame deletion within the C-terminal FERM domain of CCM1 resulted in decreased protein expression and impaired binding to the transmembrane protein heart of glass (HEG1). Notably, 20% of index cases carrying a CCM mutation were below age 10 and 33% below age 18 when referred for genetic testing. Since fulminant disease courses during the first years of life were observed in CCM1 and CCM3 mutation carriers, predictive testing of minor siblings became an issue.
Statistical three-dimensional positioning algorithm for high-resolution dMiCE PET detector (2008)

Our laboratory is developing a high-resolution PET detector capable of providing depth-of-interaction information (dMiCE) by tailoring the light sharing between two adjacent detector elements. Each detector element in the prototype system has a 2×2 mm(2) cross section and is directly coupled to a micro-pixel avalanche photodiode (MAPD). In this setup the distribution of the ratio of light shared between two adjacent detector elements can be expressed as a function of the depth of interaction. The three-dimensional points of interaction of a coincidence pair of photons within the detector module is estimated by numerical calculation of an expectation of the points of interaction conditioned on the signals measured by the MAPDs (Bayesian estimate). This conditional expectation is computed from estimates of the probability density function of the light collection process and a model of the kinetics of photon interactions in the detector module. Our algorithm is capable of handling coincidences where each photon interacts any number of times within the detector module before being completely absorbed or escaping. In the case of multiple interactions our algorithm estimates the position of the first interaction for each of the coincidence photons.
Event Causality Recognition Exploiting Multiple Annotators’ Judgments and Background Knowledge (2019)

Kazuma Kadowaki, Ryu Iida, Kentaro Torisawa, Jong-Hoon Oh, Julien Kloetzer. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
Inhibition of HIV transmission in human cervicovaginal explants and humanized mice using CD4 aptamer-siRNA chimeras (2011)

The continued spread of the HIV epidemic underscores the need to interrupt transmission. One attractive strategy is a topical vaginal microbicide. Sexual transmission of herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in mice can be inhibited by intravaginal siRNA application. To overcome the challenges of knocking down gene expression in immune cells susceptible to HIV infection, we used chimeric RNAs composed of an aptamer fused to an siRNA for targeted gene knockdown in cells bearing an aptamer-binding receptor. Here, we showed that CD4 aptamer-siRNA chimeras (CD4-AsiCs) specifically suppress gene expression in CD4⁺ T cells and macrophages in vitro, in polarized cervicovaginal tissue explants, and in the female genital tract of humanized mice. CD4-AsiCs do not activate lymphocytes or stimulate innate immunity. CD4-AsiCs that knock down HIV genes and/or CCR5 inhibited HIV infection in vitro and in tissue explants. When applied intravaginally to humanized mice, CD4-AsiCs protected against HIV vaginal transmission. Thus, CD4-AsiCs could be used as the active ingredient of a microbicide to prevent HIV sexual transmission.
Influence of shell properties on rupture of polymeric contrast agents in response to overpressure (2010)

The response of polymer-shelled ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) to static overpressure was investigated. UCAs manufactured by Point Biomedical and Philips Research were studied. The nominal diameters of Point and Philips UCAs were 3 and 2 μm, respectively. A test chamber with a microscope-reticule lid was filled with glycerol. UCAs were reconstituted in 0.1 mL of water and added onto glycerol surface that was in contact with the reticule. Additional glycerol was injected (5 mL/hr) into the test chamber to induce an overpressure ranging from 2 to 180 kPa in one hour. A video-microscope synchronously imaged the UCAs. Individual UCAs in each frame were sized using a semi-automated post-processing scheme composed of four steps: 1) a 0.5 × 0.5 μm median filter, 2) binarization, 3) Sobel based edge detection, and 4) Hough transform estimation of diameter and centroid. The rupture data for both populations suggested subclasses that exhibited different rupture behavior although their mean diameters were not statistically different. The rupture pressures provided a measure of UCA fragility; the Philips UCAs were more resilient to rupture than the Point UCAs. Observed variations in rupture pressures were attributed to shell imperfections.
The History of Internal Medicine at Baylor University Medical Center, Part 1 (2004)

(2004). History of Internal Medicine at Baylor University Medical Center, Part 2. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 17, No. 2, pp. 116-129.
Handbook of Applied Cognition (2007)

Written by a team of leading international researchers under the guidance of Frank Durso, the second edition of the Handbook of Applied Cognition brings together the latest research into this challenging and important field, and is presented across thirty stimulating and accessible chapters. Stewarded by experiences editors from around the globe, the handbook has been fully updated with eleven new chapters covering materials that focus on the topics critical to understanding human mental functions in complex environments. It is an essential single-source reference for researchers, cognitive engineers and applied cognitive psychologists, as well as advanced students in the flourishing field of applied cognition.
Interactions between p53 and MDM2 in a mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway. (1994)

Normal p53 function is required for optimal arrest of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle following certain types of DNA damage. Loss of this cell cycle checkpoint may contribute to tumor development by increasing the number of genetic abnormalities in daughter cells following DNA damage. The MDM2 protein is an endogenous gene product that binds to the p53 protein and is able to block p53-mediated transactivation of cotransfected reporter constructs; thus, interactions between MDM2 and p53 in this checkpoint pathway following ionizing irradiation were examined. Though increases in p53 protein by DNA damage were not abrogated by MDM2 overexpression, increased levels of MDM2, resulting either from endogenous gene amplification or from transfection of an exogenous expression vector, were associated with a reduction in the ability of cells to arrest in G1 following irradiation. In addition, expression of endogenous MDM2 was enhanced by ionizing irradiation at the level of transcription in a p53-dependent fashion. These observations demonstrate that MDM2 overexpression can inhibit p53 function in a known physiologic pathway and are consistent with the hypothesis that MDM2 may function in a "feedback loop" mechanism with p53, possibly acting to limit the length or severity of the p53-mediated arrest following DNA damage.
Liquid Water and High Frequency Resistance Distribution during PEMFC Shutdown Purge Correlated to Gas Diffusion Layer Properties (2009)

Abstract not Available.