gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Repetition Rate Stabilization and Optical Axial Mode Linewidth Reduction of a Chip-Scale MLL Using Regenerative Multitone Injection Locking (2018)

A novel injection locking architecture is demonstrated to simultaneously improve the axial mode linewidth and stabilize the repetition rate of a monolithically integrated modelocked laser. First, linewidth reduction is demonstrated via multitone injection locking. Then, the passive mode-locked laser is used as a source to make a coupled optoelectronic oscillator, and its RF spectral characteristics are investigated for different optical delays. A novel combination of these two techniques is established by creating a coupled optoelectronic oscillator via multitone injection locking, using an intracavity element as photodetector to generate the feedback signal to a Mach-Zehnder modulator. Using this combination of methods, the axial mode linewidth is reduced by over 6000× to ~100 kHz and the RF linewidth is reduced by a factor of 70 at -30 dBc, resulting in a 3 dB RF linewidth of 400 Hz. The improvement in RF phase noise at 200 kHz offset is >40 dB. Finally, the system is referenced to a RF synthesizer using a variable voltage phase-shifter and a PID controller. Allan deviation measurements show a resolution limited stability in the repetition rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> at 1 second following a 1/τ trend.
Characteristics of a 60 GHz MMIC mixer with an open stub microstrip line (2010)

Abstract In this article, 60 GHz MMIC down‐conversion mixers for a 60 GHz communication system are designed and fabricated on‐chip using a 0.12 μm GaAs PHEMT process technology with an f T of 78 GHz and f max of 190 GHz.The characteristics of a 60 GHz monolithic cascode mixer with an open stub microstrip line are compared with those of a 60 GHz monolithic cascode mixer without an open stub microstrip line, which are integrated on‐chip including matching and bias circuits. The 60 GHz monolithic cascode mixer with an open stub microstrip line measured at RF 60 GHz show a conversion gain of −16 dB, LO to RF isolation of 21.5 dB, and LO to IF isolation of 40.5 dB. Especially in the case of the mixer, the LO to IF isolation characteristic is much better than that of the 60 GHz monolithic cascode mixer without an open stub microstrip line. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1341–1345, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25191
Electrical synchronization of spin-torque oscillators driven by self-emitted high frequency current(Conference Presentation) (2016)

The rich physics of spin transfer nano-oscillators (STNO) has provoked a huge interest to create a new generation of multi-functional microwave spintronic devices [1]. It has been often emphasized that their nonlinear behavior gives a unique opportunity to tune their radiofrequency (rf) properties but at the cost of large phase noise, not compatible with practical applications. To tackle this issue as well as to open the opportunities to new developments for non-boolean computations [1], one strategy is to use electrical synchronization of STOs through the rf current. Thereby, it is crucial to understand how the synchronization forces transmitted through the electric current. In this talk, we will first present the results of an experimental study showing the self-synchronization of STNO by re-injecting its rf current after a certain delay time [2]. In the second part, we demonstrate that the synchronization of two vortex-STNOs connected in parallel can be tuned either by an artificial delay or by the spin transfer torques [3]. The synchronization of spin-torque oscillators, combined with the drastic improvement of the rf-features (linewidth decreases by a factor of 2 and power increases by a factor of 4) in the synchronized state, marks an important milestone towards a new generation of rf-devices based on STNO. The authors acknowledge the financial support from ANR agency (SPINNOVA: ANR-11-NANO-0016) and EU grant (MOSAIC: ICT-FP7-317950). [1] N. Locatelli, V. Cros, and J. Grollier, Nat Mater 13, 11 (2014). [2] S. Tsunegi et al., arXiv:1509.05583 (2015) [3] R. Lebrun et al., arXiv:1601.01247 (2016)
Heterogeneous, platinum-catalyzed hydrogenation of (diolefin)dialkylplatinum(II) complexes: kinetics (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous, platinum-catalyzed hydrogenation of (diolefin)dialkylplatinum(II) complexes: kineticsTimothy M. Miller, Alan N. Izumi, Yen Shiang. Shih, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 10, 3146–3156Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00218a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00218a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views377Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Aquaporin-9 and urea transporter-A gene deletions affect urea transmembrane passage in murine hepatocytes (2012)

In mammals, the majority of nitrogen from protein degradation is disposed of as urea. Several studies have partly characterized expression of urea transporters (UTs) in hepatocytes, where urea is produced. Nevertheless, the contribution of these proteins to hepatocyte urea permeability (P(urea)) and their role in liver physiology remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to biophysically examine hepatocyte urea transport. We hypothesized that the water, glycerol, and urea channel aquaporin-9 (AQP9) is involved in hepatocyte urea release. Stopped-flow light-scattering measurements determined that the urea channel inhibitors phloretin and dimethylurea reduced urea permeability of hepatocyte basolateral membranes by 70 and 40%, respectively. In basolateral membranes isolated from AQP9(-/-) and UT-A1/3(-/-) single-knockout and AQP9(-/-):UT-A1/3(-/-) double-knockout mice, P(urea) was decreased by 30, 40, and 76%, respectively, compared with AQP9(+/-):UT-A1/3(+/-) mice. However, expression analysis by RT-PCR did not identify known UT-A transcripts in liver. High-protein diet followed by 24-h fasting affected the concentrations of urea and ammonium ions in AQP9(-/-) mouse liver and plasma without generating an apparent tissue-to-plasma urea gradient. We conclude that AQP9 and unidentified UT-A urea channels constitute primary but redundant urea facilitators in murine hepatocytes.
Characterization and Modulation of Immune Stimulation by Modified Oligonucleotides (1997)

Single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) were tested for their ability to stimulate NK cells isolated from murine spleens to lyse target cells. Various sequences were evaluated, some of which have been shown previously to exhibit pharmacologic activity in murine model systems. It was confirmed that the CpG motif was stimulatory only in specific sequence contexts, and we found that phosphorothioate backbones were, in general, less stimulatory than phosphodiester backbones. In addition, this stimulation could be reduced by methylating the cytosine of the CpG and eliminated by modifying all of the cytosines contained in an ODN with methyl, bromo, or iodo modifications to the 5 position of the cytosine ring. These results were compared with the ability of a subset of these ODN sequences to stimulate B cell proliferation in vitro. In this comparison, phosphorothioate backbones were found to be required, and the context of the CpG motif was found to be less critical for activation. Finally, one of the most potent ODNs was shown to activate NK and B lymphocytes when administered in vivo.
Smad7 Inhibits Chondrocyte Differentiation at Multiple Steps during Endochondral Bone Formation and Down-regulates p38 MAPK Pathways (2008)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play critical roles at various stages in endochondral bone formation. In vitro studies have demonstrated that Smad7 regulates transforming growth factor-beta and BMP signals by inhibiting Smad pathways in chondrocytes. However, the in vivo roles of Smad7 during cartilage development are unknown. To investigate distinct effects of Smad7 at different stages during chondrocyte differentiation, we generated a series of conditional transgenic mice that overexpress Smad7 in chondrocytes at various steps of differentiation by using the Cre/loxP system. We generated Col11a2-lacZ(floxed)-Smad7 transgenic mice and mated them with three types of Cre transgenic mice to obtain Smad7(Prx1), Smad7(11Enh), and Smad7(11Prom) conditional transgenic mice. Smad7(Prx1) mice overexpressing Smad7 in condensing mesenchymal cells showed disturbed mesenchymal condensation associated with decreased Sox9 expression, leading to poor cartilage formation. Smad7(11Enh) mice overexpressing Smad7 in round chondrocytes showed decreased chondrocyte proliferation rates. Smad7(11Prom) mice overexpressing Smad7 in flat chondrocytes showed inhibited maturation of chondrocytes toward hypertrophy. Micromass culture of mesenchymal cells showed that BMP-induced cartilaginous nodule formation was down-regulated by overexpression of Smad7, but not Smad6. Overexpression of Smad7, but not Smad6, down-regulated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPKs. Our data provide in vivo evidence for distinct effects of Smad7 at different stages during chondrocyte differentiation and suggest that Smad7 in prechondrogenic cells inhibits chondrocyte differentiation possibly by down-regulating BMP-activated p38 MAPK pathways.
Author Correction: Transcription start site profiling of 15 anatomical regions of the Macaca mulatta central nervous system (2018)

The authors regret that Luba M. Pardo was omitted in error from the author list of the original version of this Data Descriptor. This omission has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions. The authors also regret that Anemieke Rozemuller was omitted in error from the Acknowledgements of the original version of this Data Descriptor. This omission has now been corrected in the HTML and PDF versions.
Unclonable RFID-based tag-seal for storage containers (2014)

We are using the DoD MIL-STD as our guide for microelectronics aging (MIL-STD 883J, Method 1016.2: Life/Reliability Characterization Tests). In that document they recommend aging at 3 temperatures between 200-300C, separated by at least 25C, with the supply voltage at the maximum recommended voltage for the devices at 125C (3.6V in our case). If that voltage causes excessive current or power then it can be reduced and the duration of the tests extended. The MIL-STD also recommends current limiting resistors in series with the supply. Since we don’t have much time and we may not have enough ovens and other equipment, two temperatures separated by at least 50C would be an acceptable backup plan. To ensure a safe range of conditions is used, we are executing 24-hour step tests. For these, we will apply the stress for 24 hours and then measure the device to make sure it wasn’t damaged. During the stress the PUFs should be exercised, but we don’t need to measure their response. Rather, at set intervals our devices should be returned to nominal temperature (under bias), and then measured. The MIL-STD puts these intervals at 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512 and 1000 hours, although the test can be stopped early if 75% of the devices have failed. A final recommendation per the MIL-STD is that at least 40 devices should be measured under each condition. Since we only have 25 parts, we will place 10 devices in each of two stress conditions.
Longitudinal shear waves for elastic characterization of tissues in optical coherence elastography (2019)

In dynamic optical coherence elastography (OCE), surface acoustic waves are the predominant perturbations. They constrain the quantification of elastic modulus to the direction of wave propagation only along the surface of tissues, and disregard elasticity gradients along depth. Longitudinal shear waves (LSW), on the other hand, can be generated at the surface of the tissue and propagate through depth with desirable properties for OCE: (1) LSW travel at the shear wave speed and can discriminate elasticity gradients along depth, and (2) the displacement of LSW is longitudinally polarized along the direction of propagation; therefore, it can be measured by a phase-sensitive optical coherence tomography system. In this study, we explore the capabilities of LSW generated by a circular glass plate in contact with a sample using numerical simulations and tissue-mimicking phantom experiments. Results demonstrate the potential of LSW in detecting an elasticity gradient along axial and lateral directions simultaneously. Finally, LSW are used for the elastography of <i>ex vivo</i> mouse brain and demonstrate important implications in <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in situ</i> measurements of local elasticity changes in brain and how they might correlate with the onset and progression of degenerative brain diseases.
Correction to “Isothermal Crystallization Monitoring and Time–Temperature-Transformation of Amorphous GDC-0276: Differential Scanning Calorimetric and Rheological Measurements” (2021)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition and Correct...Addition and CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Isothermal Crystallization Monitoring and Time–Temperature-Transformation of Amorphous GDC-0276: Differential Scanning Calorimetric and Rheological Measurements"Sixue ChengSixue ChengMore by Sixue Cheng, Paroma ChakravartyParoma ChakravartyMore by Paroma Chakravartyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6292-8996, Karthik NagapudiKarthik NagapudiMore by Karthik Nagapudi, and Gregory B. McKenna*Gregory B. McKennaMore by Gregory B. McKennahttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-5676-9930Cite this: Mol. Pharmaceutics 2021, 18, 3, 1486Publication Date (Web):February 4, 2021Publication History Published online4 February 2021Published inissue 1 March 2021https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00051https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00051correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2021 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (487 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Crystallization,Differential scanning calorimetry,Theoretical and computational chemistry Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and Radioluminescence of PEGylated Eu3+‐doped Nanophosphors as Bioimaging Probes (2011)

Lanthanide-doped nanophosphors have received significant attention for use in biological sensing and imaging due to their unique optical properties.Much like semiconductor
Characterization of Porcine Multipotent Stem/Stromal Cells Derived from Skin, Adipose, and Ovarian Tissues and Their Differentiation In Vitro into Putative Oocyte-Like Cells (2011)

The present study evaluated the alkaline phosphatase activity, cell cycle stage, expression of markers and early transcriptional factors, and in vitro differentiation into selected cell lineages of porcine stem/stromal cells (SCs) isolated from skin (SSCs), adipose, and ovarian (OSCs) tissues. Skin and adipose SCs were isolated from a 6-month-old miniature pig, whereas OSCs were isolated from a newly born piglet. Isolated cells exhibited fibroblast-like cell population with significant renewal capacity and formed colonies by cells out-growth. All cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase activity and showed a relatively lower population at G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. SCs derived from all tissues were strongly positive for cell surface markers, such as CD29, CD44, CD90, and vimentin. Further, relatively lower expression of cytokeratin and immunophenotype markers, such as major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) and swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), was also observed. SCs derived from all tissues positively expressed the transcription factors, such as Oct-3/4, Nanog, and Sox-2. After induction, all SCs successfully differentiated into osteocytes and adipocytes and expressed the lineage specific marker genes. Further, cells from all tissues exhibited their potential for in vitro oogenesis with morphological changes and expression of markers during the germ-cell formation, namely Oct-4, growth differentiation factor 9b, c-Mos, Vasa, deleted in azoospermia-like gene, zona pellucida C, and follicle stimulating hormone receptor. Apart from basic features and selected lineage potential among all types of cells, OSCs possessed a greater ability to differentiate into the germ cell lineage in vitro.
Multimodal monitoring of human cortical organoids implanted in mice using transparent graphene microelectrodes reveal functional connection between organoid and mouse visual cortex (2022)

Abstract Human cortical organoids, three-dimensional neuronal cell cultures derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, have recently emerged as promising models of human brain development and dysfunction. Transplantation of human brain organoids into the mouse brain has been shown to be a successful in vivo model providing vascularization for long term chronic experiments. However, chronic functional connectivity and responses evoked by external sensory stimuli has yet to be demonstrated, due to limitations of chronic recording technologies. Here, we develop an experimental paradigm based on transparent graphene microelectrode arrays and two-photon imaging for longitudinal, multimodal monitoring of human organoids transplanted in the mouse cortex. The transparency of graphene microelectrodes permits visual and optical inspection of the transplanted organoid and the surrounding cortex throughout the chronic experiments where local field potentials and multi-unit activity (MUA) are recorded during spontaneous activity and visual stimuli. These experiments reveal that visual stimuli evoke electrophysiological responses in the organoid, matching the responses from the surrounding cortex. Increases in the power of the gamma and MUA bands as well as phase locking of MUA events to slow oscillations evoked by visual stimuli suggest functional connectivity established between the human and mouse tissue. Optical imaging through the transparent microelectrodes shows vascularization of the organoids. Postmortem histological analysis exhibits morphological integration and synaptic connectivity with surrounding mouse cortex as well as migration of organoid cells into the surrounding cortex. This novel combination of stem cell and neural recording technologies could serve as a unique platform for comprehensive evaluation of organoids as models of brain development and dysfunction and as personalized neural prosthetics to restore lost, degenerated, or damaged brain regions.
Orthogonal multicarrier division duplexing for point-to-point communications (2012)

Traditional communication systems adopt either time division duplexing (TDD) or frequency division duplexing (FDD). TDD requires guard interval and FDD needs guard band. Orthogonal multicarrier division duplexing (MDD) is a new duplexing scheme, which can avoid both guard interval and guard band. In this paper, we propose a new MDD scheme with a group-wise subcarrier partition, which is more robust to the inter-carrier interference (ICI) than the subcarrier-wise scheme, while keeping the same or better outage performance. We introduce somewhat modified block outage probability and block outage capacity metrics which are defined in such a way to facilitate the analysis and design of duplexing schemes in point-to-point (P2P) system. We give the closed-form of the block outage probability and derive the maximal capturable frequency diversity order based on outage probability. By analysis and simulation, it is verified that in P2P system, the proposed MDD scheme outperforms the existing schemes.
Voice Communications (2016)

This chapter is an introduction to telephony, a complete telecommunications system with its specific technologies, business dynamics and policy issues. Early telephony technological enhancements focused on the development of better wires as well as better microphones and speakers in order that voice signals may be transported over long distances and with good quality. Another major research focus was the development of switches, through which many subscribers could be connected to each other at low infrastructure costs. To understand telecommunications better the chapter first describes signal frequency and bandwidth concepts. To understand signal multiplexing the chapter defines modulation and demodulation technologies. These technologies are fundamental to telecommunications and were among the early developments of this field and are in use in present broadband systems. Finally, the chapter presents a wholesale business model offered by telephone operators in the second half of the 20th century.
Technologies for the Crystal LED display system (2021)

Abstract We have developed novel active matrix driving technology integrating red–green–blue (RGB) microscale light emitting diodes (micro LEDs) and a microscale integrated circuit (micro IC) in each pixel for the Crystal LED display system. The small size and closely placed RGB subpixels of micro LEDs enabled us to achieve an outstanding contrast ratio even in a bright environment. We also achieved superior luminance linearity and chromaticity stability using accurate pulse width modulation (PWM) driving by micro ICs in the active matrix system. To integrate micro LEDs and micro ICs into a scalable display system, an additional fine‐patterned layer was applied to a conventional printed circuit board (PCB). In addition, with precise tiling technology, we could produce a large‐scale image providing an immersive visual experience.