gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Service Modes for HD Radio™ Transmission (2018)

An HD Radio broadcast signal is uniquely defined by its service mode. Several service modes have been available to AM and FM broadcasters for nearly two decades. Only recently have various HD Radio stakeholders begun requesting additional backward-compatible options for improved robustness and capacity. Even non-backward-compatible improvements could be introduced for all-digital, international, and new North American data applications. This paper proposes a new set of service modes developed in response to these emerging market demands and opportunities. To enhance flexibility, each new service mode may employ one of three quadrature amplitude modulation formats, allowing broadcasters to trade robustness for capacity. Since all new service modes feature frequency diversity between lower and upper sidebands, as well as time diversity between main and backup components, they are collectively referred to as lower-upper-main-backup (LUMB) service modes. This multidimensional diversity scheme offers fast tuning and enhances signal robustness in the presence of selective fading, interference, blockages, and other channel outages.
Normal development and function of natural killer cells in CD3 epsilon delta 5/delta 5 mutant mice. (1995)

The CD3 epsilon polypeptide contributes to the cell surface display as well as to the signal transduction properties of the T-cell antigen receptor complex. Intriguingly, the distribution of CD3 epsilon is not restricted to T cells, since activated mouse, human, and avian natural killer (NK) cells do express intracytoplasmic CD3 epsilon polypeptides. CD3 epsilon is also present in the cytoplasm of fetal thymic T/NK bipotential progenitor cells, suggesting that it constitutes a component of the NK differentiation program. We report here that the genetic disruption of CD3 epsilon exon 5 alters neither NK cell development nor in vitro and in vivo NK functions, although it profoundly blocked T-cell development. These results support the notion that CD3 epsilon is dispensable for mouse NK cell ontogeny and function and further suggest that the common NK/T-cell progenitor cell utilizes CD3 epsilon as a mandatory component only when differentiating toward the T-cell lineage.
Wet cleaning process for high-yield via-last TSV formation (2016)

The backside via-last through silicon via (TSV) process is a simple and cost-effective approach for three-dimensional integration. However, it has two problems: (1) the notching near the bottom corners of TSVs and (2) the reaction product generated by the etchback step. To overcome these problems and increase TSV yield, we previously proposed a via-last TSV process using notchless Si etching and wet cleaning of the first metal layer. In this process, the notching was suppressed by optimizing the deep Si etching conditions. In addition, wet cleaning of the first metal layer was performed with a novel cleaning solution to remove reaction products on the first metal layer (which was generated by the etchback step) and create good electrical contact between the TSVs and the first metal layer. In this study, we investigated the characteristics of a novel solution used in the wet cleaning process. The wettability between the novel solution and the TSV liner oxide was very good. The cleaning performance of the novel solution was high while the etching rate of the first metal was very small.
A multi-hop, multi-segment architecture for perimeter security over extended geographical regions using wireless sensor networks (2008)

This paper presents a novel wireless sensor network architecture designed for perimeter security monitoring over extended geographical regions. The architecture relies on customized protocols and deployment techniques to disseminate perimeter event detection and tracking data to the sink, which maybe located miles away from the perimeter of interest. Through consideration of application specific characteristics, the proposed architecture reduces the number of deployed nodes, which results in reduced network complexity and cost without sacrificing the mission success.
Digital Twins and Cyber Security – solution or challenge? (2021)

Digital twin technology today is diverse and emerging and its full potential is not yet widely understood. The concept of a digital twin allows for the analysis, design, optimisation and evolution of systems to take place fully digital, or in conjunction with a cyber-physical system to improve speed, accuracy and efficiency when compared to traditional engineering approaches. Digital twins continue to be a technology that enables new paradigms, such as Industry 4.0 and Factories of the Future as well as generating improved efficiencies within existing systems. The development of digital twin technology in traditional industries such as manufacturing, construction, the automotive industry, agriculture and transportation has highlighted its potential, but often insufficiently explored the risks associated with their integration. In this paper we explore risks relating to the cyber-security of systems employing digital twin technology and also consider the opportunities for digital twins themselves to mitigate cyber-security risks and become an integral part of a security in-depth defence.
Structure-function studies of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and the vitamin D endocrine system. 1,25-dihydroxy-pentadeuterio-previtamin D3 (as a 6-s-cis analog) stimulates nongenomic but not genomic biological responses (1993)

The hormone 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2D3) generates biological responses via both genomic and nongenomic mechanisms. This article addresses activity differences between the 6-s-trans (extended) and the 6-s-cis (steroid-like) conformation of 1,25-(OH)2D3 to initiate these responses. Because of facile interconversion of the 6-s-trans and 6-s-cis conformers of 1,25-(OH)2D3, kinetically competent amounts of both conformers exist to interact with any potential receptors for 1,25-(OH)2D3. We have chemically synthesized 1,25-(OH)2-9,14,19,19,19-pentadeuterio-pre-D3 (1,25-(OH)2-d5-pre-D3), an analog of the 6-s-cis conformation of 1,25-(OH)2D3. We found that 1,25-(OH)2-d5-pre-D3 and 1,25-(OH)2D3 were equivalently active in two nongenomic systems (transcaltachia as measured in the perfused chick intestine and 45Ca2+ uptake through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in ROS 17/2.8 cells). 1,25-(OH)2-d5-pre-D3 was significantly less active both in binding in vitro to the plasma vitamin D-binding protein (7%) and to the chick (10%) and pig (4%) intestinal nuclear 1,25-(OH)2D3 receptors generating genomic biological responses in vivo (induction of plasma levels of osteocalcin, < 5%) or in cultured cells (inhibition of HL-60 cell differentiation, < 5%; inhibition of MG-63 proliferation, < 2%; and induction of osteocalcin, < 2%). These results suggest that the genomic and nongenomic responses are mediated by separate receptors. Further, the 6-s-cis form (steroid-like conformation) of the natural hormone, 1,25-(OH)2D3, may be selectively responsible for its nongenomic function(s).
Dissociation Kinetics of Trapped Hydrogen in High-dose Hydrocarbon-Molecular-Ion-Implanted Silicon during Rapid Thermal Annealing (2022)

We investigated the annealing behavior of hydrogen in a high-dose hydrocarbon-molecular-ion-implanted silicon during rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Gettering sinks in the high-dose hydrocarbon-molecular-ion-implanted region are formed not only at carbon-related defects but also at defects related to the amorphous layer after RTA. The concentration of hydrogen trapped by the defects was analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). As a result, the concentration of hydrogen trapped by the amorphous-related defects was found to be higher than that of hydrogen trapped by carbon-related defects with increasing temperature. The dissociation activation energy of trapped hydrogen at each type of defect was estimated using the consecutive reaction model. The dissociation energies at amorphous-related and carbon-related defects are 0.94 ± 0.22 and 0.67 ± 0.12 eV, respectively. The hydrogen trapped in the amorphous-related defects is considered to be in a bonding state with multivacancies, such as H2–V6. On the other hand, its bonding state in the carbon-related defects is assumed to be C–H2 in carbon and self-interstitial silicon (Cs–I) clusters and H2–V in tetrahedral (Td) sites. Therefore, a high gettering capability of hydrogen can be expected by forming the amorphous-related defects peculiar to the high-dose implantation conditions.
Bacterial-based systems for expression and purification of recombinant Lassa virus proteins of immunological relevance (2008)

These results demonstrate the potential for developing broadly reactive immunological assays that employ all three arenaviral proteins individually and in combination.
WE‐D‐304A‐05: Analysis of Tumor Grade Breast Carcinoma Using Computer‐Extracted Morphological and Kinetic Features in DCE‐MRI (2009)

Purpose : An important prognostic marker in breast cancer is the histological grade of the breast tumor. Thus, the purpose of our study is to investigate the performance of computer‐extracted morphological and kinetic features in DCE‐MRI in distinguishing breast tumors with varying histological grades: Grade 1, Grade 2, and Grade 3. Materials and Methods : Breast MR images were obtained with a T1‐weighted SPGR sequence using Gd‐DTPA on a 1.5T GE MRI scanner. Each case has one precontrast and three to five postcontrast series at intervals of 68 seconds, and each series contains 60 coronal slices. The database contains 135 invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) breast lesions including 21 Grade 1 lesions, 72 Grade 2 lesions, 42 Grade 3 lesions, and 133 benign lesions (no cysts). All lesions were verified pathologically. Each lesion was segmented and its characteristic kinetic curve was extracted using the fuzzy c‐means method. Textural, morphological, kinetic, and spatial enhancement variance features were extracted, and stepwise linear discriminant analysis using a Wilks lambda cost function in a round‐robin fashion was used for feature selection. The selected features were merged using Bayesian neural network, and the classification performance was evaluated using receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. Results : We achieved AUC values of 0.80±0.05, 0.85±0.02, 0.75±0.06, 0.74±0.05, 0.75±0.06, and 0.60±0.05 for the classification tasks of Grade 1 vs. benign, malignant (Grades 1–3 lesions) vs. benign, Grade 1 vs. Grade 3 lesions, Grade 1 vs. Grades 2 and 3 lesions, Grade 1 vs. Grade 2, and Grade 2 vs. Grade 3, respectively. Conclusions : Computerized analyses of breast MR images have the potential to yield image‐based prognostic markers for breast carcinoma, specifically in distinguishing different histological grades of breast tumors.
Dynamic hybrid routing: Achieve load balancing for changing traffic demands (2014)

Classical TE methods calculate the optimal routing based on a known traffic matrix. However, they are unable to handle unexpected traffic changes. Thus, various methods were proposed in recent years, such as online dynamic TE and robust static routing TE. However, online dynamic TE requires additional overhead on routers for information dissemination and suffers from the transient disruptions during routing protocol convergence, while using one robust static routing to accommodate a wide range of traffic scenarios is unable to ensure near optimality of performance for each individual traffic scenario. This paper presents an approach called dynamic hybrid routing (DHR) to achieve load balancing for a wide range of traffic scenarios. Our basic idea is to configure several routing policies in advance and then dynamically rebalance traffic by applying different preconfigured routing policy to react to traffic fluctuations. Each routing policy composes of a common basic destination-based routing and a few complementary explicit routing forwarding entries for a small set of selected ingress/egress node pairs. We design a method to find the near-optimal dynamic hybrid routing configuration. Extensive evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of DHR. We show that DHR achieves nearoptimal load balancing and thus obtain about at least 96% throughput compared to optimal routing for each individual traffic scenario with very low overhead.
Nitric oxide: a key mediator in the early and late phase of carrageenan‐induced rat paw inflammation (1996)

1 The role of nitric oxide (NO) derived from constitutive and inducible nitric oxide synthase (cNOS and iNOS) and its relationship to oxygen-derived free radicals and prostaglandins (PG) was investigated in a carrageenan-induced model of acute hindpaw inflammation. 2 The intraplantar injection of carrageenan elicited an inflammatory response that was characterized by a time-dependent increase in paw oedema, neutrophil infiltration, and increased levels of nitrite/nitrate (NO2-/NO3-) and prostaglandin E2(PGE2) in the paw exudate. 3 Paw oedema was maximal by 6 h and remained elevated for 10 h following carrageenan administration. The non-selective cNOS/iNOS inhibitors, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA) and NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) given intravenously (30-300 mg kg-1) 1 h before or after carrageenan administration, inhibited paw oedema at all time points. 4 The selective iNOS inhibitors, N-iminoethyl-L-lysine (L-NIL) or aminoguanidine (AG), failed to inhibit carrageenan-induced paw oedema during the first 4 h following carrageenan administration, but inhibited paw oedema at subsequent time points (from 5-10 h). iNOS mRNA was detected between 3 to 10 h following carrageenan administration using ribonuclease protection assays. iNOS protein was first detected 6 h and was maximal 10 h following carrageenan administration as shown by Western blot analysis. Administration of the iNOS inhibitors 5 h after carrageenan (a time point where iNOS was expressed) inhibited paw oedema at all subsequent time points. Infiltrating neutrophils were not the source of iNOS since pretreatment with colchicine (2 mg kg-1) suppressed neutrophil infiltration, but did not inhibit the iNOS mRNA expression or the elevated NO2-/NO3- levels in the paw exudate. 5 Inhibition of paw oedema by the NOS inhibitors was associated with attenuation of both the NO2-/NO3- and PGE2 levels in the paw exudate. These inhibitors also reduced the neutrophil infiltration at the site of inflammation. 6 Recombinant human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase coupled to polyethyleneglycol (PEGrhSOD; 12 x 10(3) u kg-1), administered intravenously either 30 min prior to or 1 h after carrageenan injection, inhibited paw oedema and neutrophil infiltration, but had no effect on NO2-/NO3- or PGE2 production in the paw exudate. The administration of catalase (40 x 10(3) u kg-1), given intraperitoneally 30 min before carrageenan administration, had no effect on paw oedema. Treatment with desferrioxamine (300 mg kg-1), given subcutaneously 1 h before carrageenan, inhibited paw oedema during the first 2 h after carrageenan administration, but not at later times. 7 These results suggest that the NO produced by cNOS is involved in the development of inflammation at early time points following carrageenan administration and that NO produced by iNOS is involved in the maintenance of the inflammatory response at later time points. The potential interactions of NO with superoxide anion and PG is discussed.
Monitoring the Pulse of a Well Through Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring, a Breakthrough Diagnostic With a Multi-Basin Case Study (2020)

Abstract Over the past decade the shale revolution has driven a dramatic increase in hydraulically stimulated wells. Since 2010, hundreds of thousands of hydraulically fractured stages have been completed on an annual basis in the US alone. It is well known that the geology and geomechanical features vary along a lateral due to landing variations, structural changes, depletion impacts, and intra-well shadowing. The variations along a lateral have the potential to impact the fluid distribution in a multi-cluster stimulation which can impact the drainage pattern and ultimately the economics of the well and unit being exploited. Due to the lack of low-cost, scalable diagnostics capable of monitoring cluster efficiency, most wells are completed using geometric cluster spacing and the same pump schedule across a lateral with known variations. A breakthrough patent-pending pressure monitoring technique using an offset sealed wellbore as a monitoring source has led to advancements in quantifying cluster efficiencies of hydraulic stimulations in real-time. To date, over 1,500 stages have been monitored using the technique. Sealed Wellbore Pressure Monitoring (SWPM) is a low-cost, non-intrusive method used to evaluate and quantify fracture growth rates and fracture driven interactions during a hydraulic stimulation. The measurements can be made with only a surface pressure gauge on a monitor well. SWPM provides insight into a wide range of fracture characteristics and can be applied to improve the understanding of hydraulic fractures in the following ways: Qualitative cluster efficiency/fluid distribution Fracture count in the far-field Fracture height and fracture half-length Depletion identification and mitigation Fracture model calibration Fracture closure time estimation The technique has been validated using low frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) strain monitoring, microseismic monitoring, video-based downhole perforation imaging, and production logging. This paper will review multiple SWPM case studies collected from projects performed in the Anadarko Basin (Meramec), Permian Delaware Basin (Wolfcamp), and Permian Delaware Basin (Leonard/Avalon).
Mobility performance optimization for 3GPP LTE HetNets (2015)

Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are being deployed as a feasible and cost-effective solution to address the recent data explosion caused by smart phones and tablets. In a co-channel HetNet deployment, several low-power small cells are overlaid on the same carrier as the existing macro network. While this is the most spectrally efficient approach, coverage areas of the small cells can be significantly smaller due to their lower transmit powers, which can limit the volume of data offload. Extending the range of pico cells to increase traffic offload via increased number of associated users to these cells is known as cell range extension (CRE). On the flip side, CRE results in interference issues that have been resolved via standards based solutions in 3GPP, known as the Release 10 enhanced inter-cell interference coordination (eICIC) capability. In this chapter, we address the problem of ensuring connected state mobility or handover performance in co-channel HetNets. HetNets with and without range extension are considered. We show how the aforesaid interference coordination techniques can also be leveraged to improve mobility performance. Furthermore, we discuss how the handover decisions and handover parameters can be further optimized based on user speed. We show that the handover failure rate can be significantly reduced using mobile speed dependent handover parameter adaptation and CRE with subframe blanking, although at the cost of an increase in the short time-of-stay (SToS) rate. Finally, other aspects such as radio link failure recovery, small cell discovery, and related enhancements are discussed.
Toxicology of a potent human RNase variant (2007)

A76 QBI-139 is a potent anticancer agent in xenograftmodels and is the first member of the EVade™ Ribonuclease family of proteins to be selected for IND-enabling studies. Destroying RNA in a cell-selective manner disrupts the process of translationand transcription, precluding proteins from being made and providing a new means to kill cancer cells. Pancreatic RNases are rendered inactiveinside cells due to the presence of the cytosolic ribonucleaseinhibitor protein (RI). Variants of pancreatic RNases that have diminishedbinding to RI while maintaining ribonucleolytic function have been used to kill cancer cells, forming the basis for the EVade™ RNase technology.  TheRNases presented here are expressed in inclusion bodies in E.coli and purified by column chromatography. The engineered RNases are tested fortheir ability to inhibit the growth of human tumors implantedin the flanks of Foxchase nude mice (xenograft models). Sprague Dawley female rats and male and female beagle dogs were used in the toxicology studies.  QBI-139 has shown similar tumor growth inhibition as FDA approved cancer drugs in the following xenograft models: prostate (DU145 cell line), pancreas (Bx-PC-3), lung (A549), and ovarian (SKOV-3) cancer. The effective doses of QBI-139 in the xenograft model include a once weekly dose of 75 mg/kg (226 mg/m2).  The primary objective of this study was to determine the safety and exposure levels of QBI-139 in rats in dogs. A preliminary repeat dose study (1xwk for 4 weeks with two week recovery) study of 76 mg/kg (515 mg/m2) resulted in a reversible weight loss of eight percent with minimal effect on kidney and liver function by clinical chemistry. A single dose study in dogs using doses of 8.5, 15, 20, and 40 mg/kg (170, 300, 400, and 800 mg/m2) has been completed. No effects on the animals were observed at the lower doses. At the highest dose of 40 mg/kg (710 mg/m2), transient effects were seen on the short term activity levels of the treated dogs. The effects of multiple doses (twice in 72 hours) did not result in observation of significantly greater cumulative toxicity.  QBI-139 is a potent anticancer drug in xenograft models and is well tolerated in rats and dogs. Severely toxic doses have not been reached in either rats or dogs. Additional repeat dose studies are underway in both rats and dogs to support the IND. The combination of efficacy and safety provides promise as the drug is carried forward into the clinic.
The Polymeric Structure of the Native Glycoprotein from Human Gastric-Mucus Gel (1979)

Conference Article| October 01 1979 The Polymeric Structure of the Native Glycoprotein from Human Gastric-Mucus Gel JEFFREY P. PEARSON; JEFFREY P. PEARSON *Department of Physiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ADRIAN ALLEN; ADRIAN ALLEN *Department of Physiology, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CHRISTOPHER W. VENABLES CHRISTOPHER W. VENABLES †Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1979) 7 (5): 904–905. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0070904 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation JEFFREY P. PEARSON, ADRIAN ALLEN, CHRISTOPHER W. VENABLES; The Polymeric Structure of the Native Glycoprotein from Human Gastric-Mucus Gel. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 1979; 7 (5): 904–905. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0070904 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1979 Biochemical Society1979 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.