gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Markov-Chain Modeling for Multicast Signaling Delay Analysis (2004)

Feedback signaling plays a key role in flow control because the traffic source relies on the signaling information to make correct and timely flow-control decisions. However, it is difficult to design an efficient signaling algorithm since a signaling message can tolerate neither error nor latency. Multicast flow-control signaling imposes two additional challenges: scalability and feedback synchronization. Previous research on multicast signaling has mainly focused on the development of algorithms without analyzing their delay performance. To remedy this deficiency, we have previously developed a binary-tree model and an independent-marking statistical model for multicast-signaling delay analysis. This paper considers a general scenario where the congestion markings at different links are dependent - a more accurate but complex case. Specifically, we develop a Markov-chain model defined by the link-marking state on each path in the multicast tree. The Markov chain can not only capture link-marking dependencies, but also yield a tractable analytical model. We also develop a Markov-chain dependency-degree model to evaluate all possible Markov-chain dependency degrees without any prior knowledge of them. Using the above two models, we derive the general probability distributions of each path becoming the multicast-tree bottleneck. Also derived are the first and second moments of multicast signaling delays. The proposed Markov chain is also shown to asymptotically reach an equilibrium, and its limiting distribution converges to the marginal link-marking probabilities when the Markov chain is irreducible. Applying the two models, we analyze and contrast the delay scalability of two representative multicast signaling protocols: Soft-Synchronization Protocol (SSP) and Hop-By-Hop (HBH) algorithms.
Spontaneous Calcium Oscillations Regulate Human Cardiac Progenitor Cell Growth (2009)

IP3R-mediated Ca2+ mobilization control hCPC growth and their regenerative potential.
Increased cerebral blood flow in idiopathic pseudotumour cerebri (1990)

Cerebral blood flow was studied in nine patients with idiopathic pseudotumour and one patient with cortical vein thrombosis in Denver, Colorado using the 133Xe inhalation method. Globally elevated blood flows were found in all of the idiopathic pseudotumour patients averaging 149% of control values generated in the same setting. The patient with the cortical vein thrombosis demonstrated normal global flows. Possible pathophysiological mechanisms for these findings are discussed.
A Mutant of Melanoma Growth Stimulating Activity Does Not Activate Neutrophils but Blocks Erythrocyte Invasion by Malaria (1995)

Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the charged amino acids of melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA) was used to identify specific residues that are involved in binding to the human erythrocyte Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor (DARC) and to the type B interleukin-8 receptor (IL-8RB) on neutrophils. Receptor binding and biological studies with the alanine scan mutants of MGSA demonstrate that MGSA binds to DARC and the IL-8RB through distinct binding regions. One of the MGSA mutants, E6A, binds to human erythrocytes and is able to inhibit malaria invasion as efficiently as wild type MGSA but has a severely reduced ability to bind to or signal through the IL-8RB. Mutant chemokines like E6A could prove to be useful therapeutically for the design of receptor blocking drugs that inhibit erythrocyte invasion by Plasmodium vivax malaria.
Smart regenerative relays for link-adaptive cooperative communications (2008)

Without being necessary to pack multiple antennas per terminal, cooperation among distributed single-antenna nodes offers resilience to shadowing and can, in principle, enhance the performance of wireless communication networks by exploiting the available space diversity. Enabling the latter however, calls for practically implementable protocols to cope with errors at relay nodes so that simple receiver processing can collect the diversity at the destination. To this end, we derive in this paper a class of strategies whereby decoded bits at relay nodes are scaled in power before being forwarded to the destination. The scale is adapted to the signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) of the source-relay and the intended relay-destination links. With maximum ratio combining (MRC) at the destination, we prove that such link-adaptive regeneration (LAR) strategies effect the maximum possible diversity while requiring simple channel state information that can be pragmatically acquired at the relay. In addition, LAR exhibits robustness to quantization and feedback errors and leads to efficient use of power both at relay as well as destination nodes. Analysis and corroborating simulations demonstrate that LAR relays are attractive across the practical SNR range; they are universally applicable to multibranch and multi-hop uncoded or coded settings regardless of the underlying constellation; and outperform existing alternatives in terms of error performance, complexity and bandwidth efficiency.
Recombinant host cells for the production of malonate (2023)

Systems and methods for the production of malonate in recombinant host cells.
An ATM queue manager handling multiple delay and loss priorities (1995)

The asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) technique has been widely accepted as a flexible and effective scheme to transport various traffic over the future broadband network. To fully utilize network resources while still providing satisfactory quality of service (QOS) to all network users, prioritizing the user's traffic according to their service requirements becomes necessary. During call setup or service provisioning, each service can be assigned a service class determined by a delay priority and a loss priority. A queue manager in ATM network nodes will schedule ATM cells departing and discarding sequence based on their delay and loss priorities. Most queue management schemes proposed so far only consider either one of these two priority types. The queue manager handles multiple delay and loss priorities simultaneously. Moreover, a cell discarding strategy, called push-out, that allows the buffer to be completely shared by all service classes, has been adopted in the queue manager. We propose a practical architecture to implement the queue manager by using available VLSI sequencer chips.
TGF-β/Smad3 Signaling Promotes Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting miR-29 (2011)

TGF-β/Smad3 signaling promotes fibrosis, but the development of therapeutic interventions involving this pathway will require the identification and ultimate targeting of downstream fibrosis-specific genes. In this study, using a microRNA microarray and real-time PCR, wild-type mice had reduced expression of miR-29 along with the development of progressive renal fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy. In contrast, Smad3 knockout mice had increased expression of miR-29 along with the absence of renal fibrosis in the same model of obstruction. In cultured fibroblasts and tubular epithelial cells, Smad3 mediated TGF-β(1)-induced downregulation of miR-29 by binding to the promoter of miR-29. Furthermore, miR-29 acted as a downstream inhibitor and therapeutic microRNA for TGF-β/Smad3-mediated fibrosis. In vitro, overexpression of miR-29b inhibited, but knockdown of miR-29 enhanced, TGF-β(1)-induced expression of collagens I and III by renal tubular cells. Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery of miR-29b either before or after established obstructive nephropathy blocked progressive renal fibrosis. In conclusion, miR-29 is a downstream inhibitor of TGF-β/Smad3-mediated fibrosis and may have therapeutic potential for diseases involving fibrosis.
Injectable Bone Cements for Vertebroplasty Studied in Sheep Vertebrae with Electron Microscopy (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Secretion of Functional Monocyte Chemotactic Protein 3 by RecombinantMycobacterium bovisBCG Attenuates Vaccine Virulence and Maintains Protective Efficacy againstM. tuberculosisInfection (2006)

A strain of Mycobacterium bovis BCG that secretes high levels of functional murine monocyte chemotactic protein 3 (BCG(MCP-3)) was developed. Mice vaccinated with BCG(MCP-3) displayed increased lymphocyte migration in vivo and augmented antigen-specific T-cell responses compared to mice vaccinated with BCG alone. The level of protection afforded by BCG(MCP-3) was equivalent to that with control BCG; however, immunodeficient mice infected with BCG(MCP-3) survived significantly longer than mice infected with the control BCG strain. Therefore, BCG(MCP-3) may be a safer alternative than conventional BCG for vaccination of immunocompromised individuals.
10 Gb/s, 1&#x00D7;4 optical link for DRAM interconnect (2011)

We present a 10-Gb/s, 1×4 optical link based on a DRAM-integration-ready bulk-silicon modulator for multi-drop CPU-DRAM interconnects. The bulk-silicon modulator operated at 10 Gb/s on a die, and at 5 Gb/s in a QFP package. The 1×4 optical link was limited not by signal integrity but by optical power budget, demonstrating its scalable capacity for the future multi-drop memory bus.
Design and Development of a High-Frequency Multiport Solid-State Transformer With Decoupled Control Scheme (2019)

In this article, a four-port solid-state transformer and a control scheme to control the power flow and output voltage are studied, developed, and tested. The converter consists of three ports with H-bridge converters and one port with a diode bridge rectifier. The ports with H-bridge converters are capable of bidirectional power routing as well as reactive power contribution in a volt/Var control scenario. The diode bridge rectifier provides a dc voltage for load connection. Different arrangements for the four transformer windings are analyzed, simulated, and compared to achieve an optimal design. A new control strategy, which uses a combination of phase-shift and duty cycle control, is employed to control the flow of power between the converter branches and to regulate the output voltage. While phase-shift control ensures the balance of power on each port based on a reference value, the duty cycle control keeps the load voltage at a desired voltage level. A high-level control scheme is employed to determine the power references for all ports according to the load demand, generation capacity of the distributed generation system, and state of charge of the energy storage. The performance of the proposed system is validated with simulation and experimental analysis. A prototype is designed and built with 10-kW power rating at each port. The operating frequency of the system is designed at 100 kHz to obtain a very compact size for the whole converter.
Pareto-optimization-based run-time task scheduling for embedded systems (2003)

Pareto-set-based optimization can be found in several different areas of embedded system design. One example is task scheduling, where different task mapping and ordering choices for a target platform will lead to different performance/cost tradeoffs. To explore this design space at run-time, a fast and effective heuristic is needed. We have modeled the problem as the well known Multiple Choice Knapsack Problem(MCKP) and have developed a fast greedy heuristic for the run-time task scheduling. To show the effectiveness of our algorithm, examples from randomly generated task graphs and realistic applications are studied. Compared to the optimal dynamic programming solver, the heuristic is more than ten times faster while the result is less than 5\% away from the optimum. Moreover, due to its iterative feature, the algorithm is well suitable to be used as an on-line algorithm.
Backhaul network based on WiMAX with relays - system level performance analysis (2008)

In this paper we present the system level performance analysis of the backhaul network based on WiMAX (IEEE 802.16-2004, 2004) with relays. The considered wireless communication system has hexagonal cellular structure, each cell containing a central base station (BS), one or more associated relay stations (RS), all serving the plurality of subscriber stations (SS). The base stations and the relay stations may share the same time-frequency resources when serving subscribers in accordance with various relaying modes having different reuse factor and leading to different level of interference in the deployment. The performance analysis of different relaying modes is presented in this paper. The methodology of individual mode assignment for each subscriber and frame composition is presented along with the analysis of geographical distributions of subscriberspsila preferable relaying modes. Finally, the total cell throughput is evaluated for the case of optimal subscriberspsila assignment to different relaying modes. We show that suggested adaptive relaying technique gives significant increase in the total cell throughput and spectral efficiency.
Non-uniform QMF Decomposition for Wide-band Audio Coding based on Frequency Domain Linear Prediction (2007)

This paper presents a new technique for perfect reconstruction non-uniform QMF decomposition developed to increase efficiency of a generic wide-band audio coding system based on Frequency Domain Linear Prediction (FDLP). The base line FDLP codec, operating at high bit-rates (~136 kbps), exploits an uniform QMF decomposition into 64 sub-bands followed by sub-band processing based on FDLP. Here, we propose a non-uniform QMF decomposition into 32 frequency sub-bands obtained by merging 64 uniform QMF bands. The merging operation is performed in such a way that bandwidths of the resulting critically sampled sub-bands emulate the characteristics of the critical band filters in the human auditory system. Such frequency decomposition, when employed in the FDLP audio codec, results in a bit-rate reduction of 40% over the base line. We also describe the complete audio codec, which provides high-fidelity audio compression at ~66 kbps. In subjective listening tests, the FDLP codec outperforms MPEG-1 Layer 3 (MP3) and achieves similar qualities as MPEG-4 AAC+ standard.
Biomedical pioneer speaks on tissue engineering and drug delivery innovations (2005)

Includes descriptive metadata provided by producer in MP3 file: One of the most prolific medical inventors in history, Robert S. Langer, spoke at Vanderbilt Nov. 11 about a variety of topics including how drug delivery technologies, including novel polymers and intelligent microchips, promise to create new treatments for cancer, heart disease and many other illnesses.
Accurate and reliable high-throughput detection of copy number variation in the human genome (2006)

This study describes a new tool for accurate and reliable high-throughput detection of copy number variation in the human genome. We have constructed a large-insert clone DNA microarray covering the entire human genome in tiling path resolution that we have used to identify copy number variation in human populations. Crucial to this study has been the development of a robust array platform and analytic process for the automated identification of copy number variants (CNVs). The array consists of 26,574 clones covering 93.7% of euchromatic regions. Clones were selected primarily from the published "Golden Path," and mapping was confirmed by fingerprinting and BAC-end sequencing. Array performance was extensively tested by a series of validation assays. These included determining the hybridization characteristics of each individual clone on the array by chromosome-specific add-in experiments. Estimation of data reproducibility and false-positive/negative rates was carried out using self-self hybridizations, replicate experiments, and independent validations of CNVs. Based on these studies, we developed a variance-based automatic copy number detection analysis process (CNVfinder) and have demonstrated its robustness by comparison with the SW-ARRAY method.
Isolation and Characterization of Constitutively Active Mutants of Mammalian Adenylyl Cyclase (2000)

A genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae identified mutations in mammalian adenylyl cyclase that activate the enzyme in the absence of G(s)alpha. Thirteen of these mutant proteins were characterized biochemically in an assay system that depends on a mixture of the two cytosolic domains (C(1) and C(2)) of mammalian adenylyl cyclases. Three mutations, I1010M, K1014N, and P1015Q located in the beta4-beta5 loop of the C(2) domain of type II adenylyl cyclase, increase enzymatic activity in the absence of activators. The K1014N mutation displays both increased maximal activity and apparent affinity for the C(1) domain of type V adenylyl cyclase in the absence of activators of the enzyme. The increased affinity of the mutant C(2) domain of adenylyl cyclase for the wild type C(1) domain was exploited to isolate a complex containing VC(1), IIC(2), and G(s)alpha-guanosine 5'-3-O-(thio)triphosphate (GTPgammaS) in the absence of forskolin and a complex of VC(1), IIC(2), forskolin, and P-site inhibitor in the absence of G(s)alpha-GTPgammaS. The isolation of these complexes should facilitate solution of crystal structures of low activity states of adenylyl cyclase and thus determination of the mechanism of activation of the enzyme by forskolin and G(s)alpha.
In Situ XAFS and HAXPES Analysis and Theoretical Study of Cobalt Polypyrrole Incorporated on Carbon (CoPPyC) Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts for Anion-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2014)

Non-noble metal electrocatalysts not only are a solution to limited resources but also achieve higher efficiency for fuel cells, especially in alkaline media such as alkaline membrane fuel cells. Co-polypyrrole-based electrocatalysts provide high oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) reactivity, but the active sites and reaction mechanism have yet to be elucidated fully. In this study, ex situ and in situ synchrotron characterization and theoretical study have been combined to evaluate the ORR mechanism on two possible active sites consisting of Co coordinated with pyrrolic nitrogen and Co coordinated with pyridinic nitrogen.
Identifying Student Misconceptions In Introductory Materials Engineering Classes (2020)

Numerous student misconceptions in an introductory materials engineering class have been identified in order to create a Materials Concept Inventory (MCI) to test for the level of conceptual knowledge of the subject matter before and after the course. The misconceptions have been utilized as question responses, or "distracters", in the multiple-choice MCI test. They have been generated from a literature survey of assessment research in science and engineering in conjunction with extensive student interactions. Student input consisted of: weekly shortanswer, open-ended questions; multiple-choice quizzes; and weekly interviews and discussions. In a simplified way, the questions tied fundamental concepts in primary topical areas of atomic structure and bonding, band structure, crystal geometry, defects, microstructure, and phase diagrams to the properties of materials in the families of metals, polymers, ceramics, and semiconductors. An early version of the MCI test was given to students in introductory materials courses at Arizona State University (ASU) and Texas A&M University (TAMU). Results showed conceptual knowledge gains between 15% and 37% between course pre-test and posttest scores. Lower scores, specified as less than 30% gain by Force Concept Inventory work, are typical of traditionally delivered, lecture-base instruction. Scores from 30% to 60% are moderate gains and are often evidenced in courses using active learning methods. Early results of the MCI showed differences between ASU and TAMU on some questions. It appears that they may be due to curricular and course content differences at the two schools.
Thermal Isomerization of (+)‐cis‐ and (−)‐trans‐Pinane Leading to (−)‐β‐Citronellene and (+)‐Isocitronellene (2008)

Catalyzed and uncatalyzed rearrangement reactions of terpenoids play a major role in laboratory and industrial-scale synthesis of fine chemicals. Herein, we present our results on the thermally induced isomerization of pinane (1). Investigation of the thermal behavior of (+)-cis- (1 a) and (-)-trans-pinane (1 b) in a flow-type reactor reveals significant differences in both reactivity and selectivity concerning the formation of (-)-beta-citronellene (2) and (+)-isocitronellene (3) as main products. Possible explanations for these results are discussed on the basis of reaction mechanism and ground-state geometries for 1 a and 1 b. To identify side reactions caused from ene cyclizations of 2 and 3, additional pyrolysis experiments were conducted that enabled the identification of almost all compounds in the network of C(10)H(18)-hydrocarbon products formed from 1.
STAMP 2 increases oxidative stress and is critical for prostate cancer (2015)

The six transmembrane protein of prostate 2 (STAMP2) is an androgen-regulated gene whose mRNA expression is increased in prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we show that STAMP2 protein expression is increased in human PCa compared with benign prostate that is also correlated with tumor grade and treatment response. We also show that STAMP2 significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PCa cells through its iron reductase activity which also depleted NADPH levels. Knockdown of STAMP2 expression in PCa cells inhibited proliferation, colony formation, and anchorage-independent growth, and significantly increased apoptosis. Furthermore, STAMP2 effects were, at least in part, mediated by activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), whose expression is regulated by ROS. Consistent with in vitro findings, silencing STAMP2 significantly inhibited PCa xenograft growth in mice. Finally, therapeutic silencing of STAMP2 by systemically administered nanoliposomal siRNA profoundly inhibited tumor growth in two established preclinical PCa models in mice. These data suggest that STAMP2 is required for PCa progression and thus may serve as a novel therapeutic target.
Towards Ultrasound Everywhere: A Portable 3D Digital Back-End Capable of Zone and Compound Imaging (2018)

Ultrasound imaging is a ubiquitous diagnostic technique, but does not fit the requirements of the telemedicine approach, because it relies on the real-time manipulation and image recognition skills of a trained expert, called sonographer. Sonographers are only available in hospitals and clinics, negating or at least delaying access to ultrasound scans in many locales-rural areas, developing countries-as well as in medical rescue operations. Telesonography would require an advanced imager that supports three-dimensional (3-D) acquisition; this would allow untrained operators to acquire broad scans and upload them remotely for diagnosis. Such advanced imagers do exist, but do not meet several other requirements for telesonography, such as being portable, inexpensive, and sufficiently low power to enable battery operation. In this work, we present our prototype of the first portable 3-D digital ultrasound back-end system. The prototype is implemented in a single midrange Xilinx field programmable gate array (FPGA), for an estimated power consumption of 5 W. The device supports up to 1024 input channels, which is state of the art and could be scaled further, and supports multiple image reconstruction modes. We evaluate the resource utilization of the FPGA and provide various quality metrics to ascertain the output image quality.