gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Congestion-driven codesign of power and signal networks (2002)

Presents a global wire design methodology that simultaneously considers the performance needs for both signal lines and power grids under congestion considerations. An iterative procedure is employed in which the global routing is performed according to a congestion map that includes the resource utilization of the power grid, followed by a step in which the power grid is adjusted to relax the congestion in crowded regions. This adjustment is in the form of wire removal in noncritical regions, followed by a wire sizing step that overcomes the effects of wire removal. Experimental results show that the overall routability can be significantly improved while the power grid noise is maintained within the voltage droop constraint.
Measurement of the Splitting Function in pp and Pb-Pb Collisions at sNN=5.02  TeV (2018)

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.
An end-to-end platform for digital pathology using hyperspectral autofluorescence microscopy and deep learning based virtual histology (2023)

Abstract Conventional histopathology involves expensive and labor intensive processes that often consume tissue samples, rendering them unavailable for other analysis. We present a novel end-to-end workflow for pathology powered by hyperspectral microscopy and deep learning. First, we developed a custom hyperspectral microscope to non-destructively image the autofluorescence of unstained tissue sections. We then train a deep learning model to use the autofluorescence to generate virtual histological stains, which avoids the cost and variability of chemical staining procedures and conserves tissue samples. We showed that the virtual images reproduce the histological features present in the real stained images using a randomized nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) scoring comparison study where both real and virtual stains are scored by pathologists. The test showed moderate to good concordance between pathologists’ scoring on corresponding real and virtual stains. Finally, we developed deep learning-based models for automated NASH clinical research network (NASH CRN) score prediction. We showed that the end-to-end automated pathology platform is comparable to pathologists for NASH CRN scoring when evaluated against the expert pathologist consensus scores. This study provides proof of concept for this virtual staining strategy, which could improve cost, efficiency, and reliability in pathology, and enable novel approaches to spatial biology research.
Restoration of delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric compliance by anethole in an animal model of functional dyspepsia (2018)

Background and Aims Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent postprandial upper‐abdominal discomfort and epigastric pain. Although FD markedly reduces the patient's quality of life, involving elevates health‐care costs, treatment of this condition by methods other than prescribed medicines, such as natural products, could be beneficial. Delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric accommodation play important roles in pathogenesis of FD. Anethole (1‐methoxy‐4‐(( E )‐propenyl)‐benzene), a major component in essential fennel oil has been used in flavouring, alcoholic beverage production and pharmaceutical formulations. In this study, we examined the effects of anethole on delayed gastric emptying and impaired gastric compliance in animals. Methods Gastric emptying was monitored by phenol red marker method in mice. Induction of delayed gastric emptying was performed by the administration of clonidine, dopamine or a 5‐HT 3 receptor agonist m‐CPBG. Gastric accommodation (compliance test) was examined in rats by a pressure‐volume control device, barostat. Acetylcholinesterase activity was measured using assay kit Results Oral administration of anethole restored delayed gastric emptying induced by clonidine administration. The dose of anethole did not affect gastric emptying in non‐stressed mice. We also found that fennel oil, which contains about 86% anethole, suppressed clonidine‐induced delayed gastric emptying. Furthermore, a Japanese herbal medicine An‐chu‐san containing anethole improved the gastric emptying in the presence of clonidine. Pharmacological and biochemical analyses suggested that anethole restores gastric emptying independently of D 2 , 5‐HT 3 , 5‐HT 4 receptors and acetylcholinesterase. Finally, anethole stimulated gastric compliance in rats both with and without wrap restraint stress. Conclusions Taken together, our results suggest that anethole could be beneficial for treatment of postprandial distress and early satiety in patients with FD. Support or Funding Information This research received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not‐for‐profit sectors. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Decision letter: Promoting axon regeneration by inhibiting RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5 (2023)

Inhibiting RNA N6-methyladenosine demethylase ALKBH5 promoted axonal regeneration of dorsal root ganglion neurons by regulating stability of Lpin2 mRNA and enhanced the survival and axonal regeneration of retinal ganglion cells.
GROWTH AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTI-LAYER 1.3 μm QUANTUM DOT LASERS (2007)

The growth and characterization of multi-layer 1.3 μm InAs - GaAs quantum dot lasers is reported. It is demonstrated that the growth of the GaAs spacer layer, placed between the InAs quantum dot layers, must be carefully optimized to prevent defect formation. With optimized growth very low room temperature threshold current density (J th ) devices are obtained. Typical cw values are 32.5 and 17 A cm -2 for as-grown and HR coated facet devices, respectively. Operation above 100°C is possible. Mechanisms contributing to the temperature sensitivity of J th above room temperature are discussed. By combining the optimized growth with p-type modulation doping of the QDs both low J th and high temperature stability of J th are achieved at room temperature.
Loudness as a Cue for Acceptable Noise Levels (2014)

The majority of listeners showed no consistent trend between their ANLs and their loudness-matched data, suggesting that they are using cues other than loudness to determine their ANLs. ANLs were consistent with loudness-matched data for a small subset of listeners, suggesting that they may be using loudness as a cue for determining their ANLs.
Spatial Analogue of Quantum Spin Dynamics via Spin-Orbit Interaction (2012)

We map electron spin dynamics from time to space in quantum wires with spatially uniform and oscillating Rashba spin-orbit coupling. The presence of the spin-orbit interaction introduces pseudoZeeman couplings of the electron spins to effective magnetic fields. We show that by periodically modulating the spin-orbit coupling along the quantum wire axis, it is possible to create the spatial analogue of spin resonance, without the need for any real magnetic fields. The mapping of timedependent operations onto a spatial axis suggests a new mode for quantum information processing in which gate operations are encoded into the band structure of the material. We describe a realization of such materials within nanowires at the interface of LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructures.
Gonadotropin purification from horse serum applying magnetic beads (2011)

The glycoprotein hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) is a commercial product used in animal breeding as well as in veterinary medicine. The current state of the art for the purification of eCG from serum is pH fractionation with metaphosphoric acid, two ethanol precipitation steps as well as dialysis followed by fixed-bed chromatography. Two simplified processes, including the use of magnetic microsorbents for the purification of eCG have been developed. The processes reduce or even omit the use of organic solvents and the required solid-liquid separation steps, thus making them potential candidates for a first commercial application of magnetic beads in bioprocessing.
Clinical Performance of Technetium-99m–Sestamibi SPECT/CT Imaging in Differentiating Oncocytic Tumors From Renal Cell Carcinoma in Routine Clinical Practice (2023)

Further work is needed to define utility of technetium-99m-sestamibi in real-world clinical practice. Our data suggest this imaging strategy is not yet ready to replace biopsy.
High-density digital free-space photonic-switching fabrics using exciton absorption reflection-switch (EARS) arrays and microbeam optical interconnections (1996)

We describe a compact digital free-space photonic-switching module that uses microbeam optical interconnections based on stacked planar optics and exciton absorption reflection-switch (EARS) arrays. Microbeam optical interconnections become increasingly attractive as the number of optical input and output (I/O) ports increases because of their small size. The EARS device provides the digital-signal regeneration needed for constructing a multistage switching network. This paper mainly describes the experimental investigation of a prototype switch having a two-stage, 16-input, 16-output structure (four sets of 4/spl times/4 switches), with highly dense two-dimensional fiber array pigtails acting as high-density optical I/Os. The prototype is approximately 30/spl times/90/spl times/22 mm [60 cc]. A relay lens array inserted between stages eliminates the beam spreading caused by diffraction, which decreases the required positioning accuracy for the optomechanical packaging. Two-stage switching at a data transmission rate of 4 Mb/s has been demonstrated. Increasing the operating speed of the switch and introducing an easy assembly method to reduce assembly costs are future enhancements.
Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Bioequivalence Evaluation of 2 Lamivudine Tablet Formulations After Single Oral Administration in Healthy Human Indian Volunteers (2005)

The present study compared pharmacokinetic (PK) profile and single-dose tolerability of 2 marketed brands of lamivudine (3TC) 150-mg tablets, Lamivir (Cipla, Mumbai, India) and Epivir (GSK, Basingstoke, UK). The randomized, 2-treatment study was conducted in 24 fasting, healthy, Indian male subjects. Each subject received Epivir and Lamivir formulation separated by 7 days of drug-free washout period. Plasma concentrations of 3TC were used to estimate PK parameters such as maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under plasma concentration-time curve (AUCinfinity). Geometric mean ratios (relative to Epivir) and resultant 90% CI of 3TC for Cmax and AUCinfinity were 1.00 (0.89-1.12) and 1.01 (0.94-1.07), respectively. As 90% CIs were entirely within 0.80-1.25 for log-transformed data, the 2 formulations were considered bioequivalent in the extent (AUCinfinity) and rate of absorption (Cmax and time to Cmax [tmax]). The means of primary PK parameters of 3TC, Cmax, and AUCinfinity in Indian subjects were comparable to those previously reported in the literature. Both formulations exhibited similar tolerability under fasting conditions.
Best test pattern failure analysis flow for functional logic failure localization by IR-OBIRCH technique (2009)

International audience
A Pulsatile Flow Phantom for Image-Guided HIFU Hemostasis of Blood Vessels (2005)

A pulsatile flow phantom for studying ultrasound image‐guided acoustic hemostasis in a controlled environment has been developed. An ex vivo porcine carotid artery was attached to the phantom and embedded in a visually and ultrasonically transparent gel. Heparinized porcine blood was pumped through the phantom. Power‐Doppler and B‐mode ultrasound were used to remotely target the HIFU focus to the site of a needle puncture. In nine trials, complete hemostasis was achieved after an average HIFU application of 55 +/− 34 seconds. The vessels remained patent after treatment. With this phantom, it will be possible to do controlled studies of ultrasound image‐guided acoustic hemostasis.
Human mesenchymal stem cells - current trends and future prospective (2015)

Stem cells are cells specialized cell, capable of renewing themselves through cell division and can differentiate into multi-lineage cells. These cells are categorized as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells which can be isolated from human and animal sources. Human MSCs (hMSCs) are the non-haematopoietic, multipotent stem cells with the capacity to differentiate into mesodermal lineage such as osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes as well ectodermal (neurocytes) and endodermal lineages (hepatocytes). MSCs express cell surface markers like cluster of differentiation (CD)29, CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105 and lack the expression of CD14, CD34, CD45 and HLA (human leucocyte antigen)-DR. hMSCs for the first time were reported in the bone marrow and till now they have been isolated from various tissues, including adipose tissue, amniotic fluid, endometrium, dental tissues, umbilical cord and Wharton's jelly which harbours potential MSCs. hMSCs have been cultured long-term in specific media without any severe abnormalities. Furthermore, MSCs have immunomodulatory features, secrete cytokines and immune-receptors which regulate the microenvironment in the host tissue. Multilineage potential, immunomodulation and secretion of anti-inflammatory molecules makes MSCs an effective tool in the treatment of chronic diseases. In the present review, we have highlighted recent research findings in the area of hMSCs sources, expression of cell surface markers, long-term in vitro culturing, in vitro differentiation potential, immunomodulatory features, its homing capacity, banking and cryopreservation, its application in the treatment of chronic diseases and its use in clinical trials.
Virus-induced transcriptional activation of host FUT genes associated with neo-expression of Ley in cytomegalovirus-infected and sialyl-Lex in varicella-zoster virus-infected diploid human cells (2007)

Cell surface carbohydrate structures including sialyl-Lewis X (sLe(x)) and Lewis Y (Le(y)) are important ligands in normal and malignant tissues. The aim here was to determine the possible influence on the expression of such antigens by two viruses varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) involved in persistent infections of humans. We found that infection of human diploid fibroblasts with both viruses resulted in transcriptional activation of several fucosyltransferase (FUT) genes that were either dormant or expressed at low levels in uninfected cells. Both viruses induced FUT3, FUT5, and FUT6, encoding alpha1,3- and/or alpha1,4-specific fucosyltransferases. CMV, but not VZV, induced transcription of FUT1 (encoding an alpha1,2-specific fucosyltransferase), FUT7, and FUT9. The changes in transcription of FUT genes were expectedly associated with expression of Le(y) in CMV-infected cells and sLe(x) in the VZV-infected fibroblasts although no expression of these antigens was observed in uninfected cells. One major explanation for this difference between CMV- and VZV-infected cells was that CMV, but not VZV, induced expression of FUT1, necessary for Le(y) expression. The induced carbohydrate antigens in CMV- and VZV-infected cells could be of significance for virus spread and possible escape from immune responses.
The structure of the human tRNALys3 anticodon bound to the HIV genome Loop I is stabilized by modified nucleosides (2009)

Replication of HIV requires base pairing of the reverse transcriptase primer, human tRNA Lys3 , to the viral RNA. Although the major complementary base pairing occurs between the HIV primer binding sequence and the tRNA's 3′‐terminus, an important discriminatory, secondary contact occurs between the viral A‐rich Loop I and the modified, U‐rich anticodon domain of tRNA Lys3 . The thermal stabilities of variously modified tRNA anticodon region sequences bound to the Loop I of viral serosubtypes G and B were analyzed by UV and CD and the structure of one duplex was determined using NMR spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics. Thiouridine, s 2 U 34 , and pseudouridine, ? 39 , modifications appreciably stabilized the interaction of the anticodon region with the viral RNAs. The structure of the duplex composed of the HIV‐1 Loop I bound to a doubly modified tRNA's anticodon region resulted in two coaxially stacked A‐form RNA stems separated by two mismatched base pairs, U?? and G?A, that maintained a reasonable helix diameter. Thus, the important interaction of the primer's anticodon region with the viral RNA is strengthened by s 2 U 34 and ? 39 modifications that facilitate duplex interaction. This research was supported by a National Institutes of Health grant and National Science Foundation grants.
Characterization of the Sensor Response of Gold Nanoparticle Chemiresistors (2010)

The response time of chemiresistors consisting of gold nanoparticles coated with self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of 1-hexanethiol, exposed to different hydrocarbons dissolved in water, is investigated with respect to the analyte SAM/water partition coefficient, the analyte−water flow velocity, and the nanoparticle film thickness. We show experimentally that the response time is proportional to the analyte SAM/water partition coefficient and that for sufficiently large velocities the response time becomes flow velocity independent. The dependence of the response time on film thickness is found to be different in the two different flow velocity regimes examined. We outline in detail a theoretical model that explains our experimental data.
Photochemistry of Transition‐Metal Atoms: Reactions with Molecular Hydrogen and Methane in Low‐Temperature Matrices (1986)

Abstract Reactions of metal atoms with molecular hydrogen and alkanes are prototypical of more complex systems involving metal‐mediated reactions in solution, on supports, and on surfaces. The simplicity of metal‐atom reactions makes them particularly attractive for fundamental experimental and theoretical studies. Following the first reports of H 2 and CH 4 activation by photoexcited metal atoms in cryogenic matrices, the behavior of a number of transition‐metal atoms in their ground and selected electronically excited states has been examined with molecular hydrogen, methane, and ethane. A wealth of structural, electronic, reactivity, and selectivity information is emerging from these studies and it is now becoming possible to recognize the controlling factors at work in these fundamental chemical reactions. In this article, some experimental results for a number of metal‐atom systems, in particular, those involving silver, copper, manganese, and iron atoms, are presented along with a discussion of the factors that are believed to be important in the understanding of the observed physical and chemical behavior.
C4.1 - A Programmable 7GHz Frequency Divider in a SiGe Bipolar Technology for Highly Linear Fractional-N Ramp Generation (2011)

Millimeter wave radar systems are well suited for applications in automotive and industrial distance measurement sensors. The precision of FMCW radar systems notably depends on the bandwidth and the linearity of the generated frequency ramps. Thus, high precision and high speed measurement systems are in need of highly linear frequency ramps. The realization requires a phase-locked loop (PLL) with an adjustable output frequency as shown in figure 1. Compared to other concepts of generating frequency ramps, the PLL offers the most stable performance in the millimeter wave region. The PLL’s output frequency is determined by the division ratio of a frequency divider in the loop. Distinct improvement in linearity and noise is achieved by fractional synthesizers. These require high speed programmable dividers and fast switching of the division ration in a wide range [1]. Higher output frequencies are achieved by adding a prescaler, mixer or multiplier in the system. For the best noise performance the system should be designed for low division ratios and thus a high reference frequency.
Current advances of tubulin inhibitors as dual acting small molecules for cancer therapy (2019)

Microtubule (MT)-targeting agents are highly successful drugs as chemotherapeutic agents, and this is attributed to their ability to target MT dynamics and interfere with critical cellular functions, including, mitosis, cell signaling, intracellular trafficking, and angiogenesis. Because MT dynamics vary in the different stages of the cell cycle, these drugs tend to be the most effective against mitotic cells. While this class of drug has proven to be effective against many cancer types, significant hurdles still exist and include overcoming aspects such as dose limited toxicities and the development of resistance. Newer generations of developed drugs attack these problems and alternative approaches such as the development of dual tubulin and kinase inhibitors are being investigated. This approach offers the potential to show increased efficacy and lower toxicities. This review covers different categories of MT-targeting agents, recent advances in dual inhibitors, and current challenges for this drug target.
Temporal Dynamics of CD8+ T Cell Effector Responses during Primary HIV Infection (2016)

The loss of HIV-specific CD8+ T cell cytolytic function is a primary factor underlying progressive HIV infection, but whether HIV-specific CD8+ T cells initially possess cytolytic effector capacity, and when and why this may be lost during infection, is unclear. Here, we assessed CD8+ T cell functional evolution from primary to chronic HIV infection. We observed a profound expansion of perforin+ CD8+ T cells immediately following HIV infection that quickly waned after acute viremia resolution. Selective expression of the effector-associated transcription factors T-bet and eomesodermin in cytokine-producing HIV-specific CD8+ T cells differentiated HIV-specific from bulk memory CD8+ T cell effector expansion. As infection progressed expression of perforin was maintained in HIV-specific CD8+ T cells with high levels of T-bet, but not necessarily in the population of T-betLo HIV-specific CD8+ T cells that expand as infection progresses. Together, these data demonstrate that while HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in acute HIV infection initially possess cytolytic potential, progressive transcriptional dysregulation leads to the reduced CD8+ T cell perforin expression characteristic of chronic HIV infection.
Conformationally Flexible p-Sulfonated Calix[5]arene Binding with Large Bis-Phosphonium Cations (2012)

Water-soluble p-sulfonated calix[5]arene forms a multicomponent complex with aquated Gd(III) ions and bis-phosphonium cations, where the calixarenes are arranged in bilayers with the bis-phosphonium cations embedded between and within the bilayers. The calixarenes are significantly distorted from the common “cone” conformation and are linked from one bilayer to another through the sulfonate groups via secondary coordination sphere interactions associated with homoleptic aquated metal ions.