gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picosecond, 60 kW peak power, Yb fibre source (2004)

A novel, 2 ps fibre laser operating in Yb-wavelength range with 60 kW peak and 9 W average powers is demonstrated. Pulses from a self-starting, ring-fibre-cavity Yb oscillator with spectral gain/pulse-duration control were amplified in 1.4 m-long, Yb-doped fiber.
Distribution of aroma volatiles in a population of tangerine hybrids (2007)

While orange juice volatile composition has been well studied, little is known about volatiles in tangerines. This study was undertaken to determine the most common compounds present in 56 tangerine hybrids, and to find relationships among these hybrids based on volatile content. Fruits were harvested from Nov. 2006 to Mar. 2007. A composite sample of juice from approximately 20 fruits was analyzed by gas chromatography mass-spectrometry. Among the more than 200 identified volatiles in total, ethanol, a-pinene, cymene, and d-limonene were found in all the samples. These compounds were previously reported in citrus products (essence, peel oil, juice, etc.). A principal component analysis showed that hybrids 9-1, 8-10, and 'Hongju' were different from the others because a larger than average number of volatiles was detected in those samples. A cluster analysis based on presence/absence of volatiles revealed 10 main clusters influenced by harvest date and/or progenitors, highlighting relationships among certain hybrids based on their volatile composition. Cluster 2 mainly grouped samples having 'Fallglo' and 'Fairchild' in their parentage, while cluster 4 mainly grouped samples having a common parent, 'Murcott'. Cluster 10 grouped samples having sweet oranges in their genetic background and being rich in esters, which are known to give a fruity note to orange juices. This method provided useful information on tangerine hybrid volatile content in relation to their genetic makeup.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytotoxic Metabolites of Phomopsis convolvulus, a Host‐Specific Pathogen of Field Bindweed. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tension-Free Inguinal Hernia Repair in Local Anaesthesia versus Spinal Anaesthesia (2022)

Abstract Background : Inguinal hernia is a common presentation in surgical clinics. In the past, the hernia surgeries were done under general and spinal anesthesia. Recently local anesthesia is being increasingly used due to the increased efficacy of local anesthetics and economic reasons. We in the current study tried to evaluate the effectiveness of Lichtenstein repair under local anesthesia and spinal anesthesia and the overall outcomes of both methods. Methods : This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Naganoor, Karimnagar. Successive cases of uncomplicated inguinal hernia were selected for the study. A total of n=60 cases randomly allotted in two groups The LA group and SA group were taken and studied. Post-operatively VAS scale was used to evaluate pain, other postoperative complications such as testicular swelling and pain, urinary retention, nausea/vomiting, postural hypotension, and wound infections were recorded. Results : The age of the patient varied from 20 to 80 years with the highest prevalence noted in the age group of 41 to 60 years. The Mean age of presentation is 51.3 years. The anatomical location and type of hernia are given in table 1. 60.9% of inguinal hernia in this study was an indirect type, 30.4% was direct, 6.5% was pantaloons type and 2.2% was Ogilvie's hernia. Out of 74 patients, 62.1% had a right-sided inguinal hernia compared to the left side which accounted for 37.8%. Complication records showed N=9(23.7%) of the SA group and n=8(22.2%) LA group developed scrotal edema and in total n=17(23%) developed scrotal edema. N=7(18.4%) patients in the SA group and n=7(19.4%) in the LA group developed seroma and in total patients, n=14(18.9%) developed seroma. Conclusion: Lichtenstein tension-free hernioplasty done under local anesthesia is with less immediate postoperative complications, also the best suitable for patients with medical comorbidities and those who are on antiplatelet therapy where spinal anesthesia is contraindicated.
Pneumatosis intestinalis after adult liver transplantation (2011)

Pneumatosis intestinalis is an uncommon disorder characterized by an accumulation of gas in the bowel wall. We described three cases undertaking liver transplantation. The patients developed diarrhea in three cases and high fever in two. An abdominal X-ray and computed tomography scan demonstrated extensive pneumatosis intestinalis in the colon with pneumoperitoneum mimicking hollow organ perforation. However, the patients had no abdominal symptoms and there was no evidence of peritonitis. The infection work-up was negative except one case with cytomegalovirus antigenemia. After one week of conservative management including bowel rest and antibiotic therapy, their pneumoperitoneum resolved spontaneously without any complication. Pneumatosis intestinalis should be considered as a differential diagnosis after adult liver transplantation with patients suffering from watery diarrhea and fever. Pneumoperitoneum, air-density in mesentery and retroperitoneum in patients with pneumatosis intestinalis without signs of peritonitis improved with conservative management, which included bowel rest and antibiotic therapy.
Angiotensin II Peptide Vaccine Protects Ischemic Brain Through Reducing Oxidative Stress (2017)

Our findings indicate that Ang II vaccination exerts neuroprotective and antioxidative effects in cerebral ischemia, with renin-angiotensin system blockade by penetration of anti-Ang II antibodies into ischemic brain lesion. Ang II peptide vaccination could be a promising approach to treat ischemic stroke.
Compact coupled resonators for slow-light sensor applications (2013)

We describe a new type of interferometer, the coupled spiral interferometer (CSPIN), which consists in a planar spiral-shaped waveguide with optical coupling between adjacent arms. We demonstrate through numerical simulations that when the arms are phase matched and contain straight parallel sections, a CSPIN supports strong slow-light resonances that are periodic in frequency and in the coupling coefficient of the arms. Compared to existing coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROWs), it presents the significant benefit of greater compactness (as 1/N, where N is the number of coupled resonators, or equivalently the number of arms). Being two dimensional, it is also easier to fabricate than a coil optical resonator (COR). We illustrate this concept with a spiral in the shape of a square with rounded corners and two arms. Resonant conditions in wavelength and coupling coefficient are shown to exist for which the group delay goes to infinity and the transmission goes to zero, as in a COR. The effective group delay (product of group delay and transmission), a useful figure of merit to quantify the efficacy with which light can be slowed down, is maximum on both sides of a wavelength resonance. For a square spiral ~70 mm in length made of a low-loss (0.16 m<sup>-1</sup>) silicon nitride waveguide, the maximum effective group delay is 15.9 ns (or a slow-down factor of 34.6). This value is independent of the number of arms (for a small loss), and it is the same value as for a COR with the same length and loss (for any N) and for a CROW with two resonators. This study shows that CSPINs offer a wide range of exciting new opportunities for implementing and utilizing slow light in numerous applications on a highly compact platform.
Effect of intraluminal pH on the release of somatostatin and gastrin into antral, bulbar and ileal pouches of conscious dogs (1980)

Experiments were performed on conscious dogs with chronic pouches of the antrum, the duodenal bulb or the ileum, which were perfused with solutions of varying pH. Gastrin and somatostatin levels were measured in the perfusates. When the pouches were perfused with 0.15 M NaCl only small amounts of gastrin and somatostatin (1 pmol/min) were released into the lumen of the antrum and of the duodenal bulb. By lowering pH of the perfusion fluid a pH dependent release of somatostatin was induced into the lumen of the antrum and the duodenal bulb. Perfusion with 0.1 M HCl caused a large output of somatostatin (6--60 pmol/min) into the pouches. The upper pH limit for stimulation of the intraantral or intrabulbar somatostatin release appeared to be approximately pH 3--4. Somatostatin was also released into ileal perfusates at intraluminal pHs below 3--4. Lowering of pH in the antral pouches caused an increased intraluminal gastrin release, which was quantitatively less impressive than that of somatostatin. Occasionally also the gastrin release into the duodenal bulb increased during perfusion with 0.1 M HCl, whereas no such release was induced by acidification of the lumen of the ileum. It is suggested that the inhibition of gastrin release observed at low intraantral pH is mediated by a local effect of somatostatin, since this peptide is released in a pH dependent manner in the antropyloric region. It is also suggested that acidification of any region of the gastrointestinal tract will stimulate the release of peptides from all endocrine cells of the open type, probably by an unspecific effect on the membrane. Thus both gastrin and somatostatin are released by acidification of the antrum, but in the presence of high local levels of somatostatin, the release of gastrin is substantially inhibited.
Organic molecular salts of allopurinol with improved solubility (2020)

Allopurinol is considered to be one of the most effective medications, which is regularly prescribed to reduce urate level and treat chronic gout. The drug belongs to biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class IV category with poor aqueous solubility and permeability. High-throughput solid-form screening of the active pharmaceutical ingredient for new binary solid forms was carried out in order to improve drug properties. Multicomponent solids with oxalic acid and maleic acid were obtained during liquid assisted grinding of equivalent stoichiometry. The novel binary systems were characterized by PXRD, FT-IR, DSC, TGA and SEM images. Vibrational spectroscopy was exploited to confirm the ionization states of the multicomponent systems. Thermal analysis indicates the new solid phases with the possibility of hydrates in the oxalate and maleate salts, which degraded to allopurinol after melting. Powder dissolution experiment was carried out on the drug and the salts in pH-1.2 (acidic) and pH-7 (phosphate buffer, neutral) medium, which suggests that salts improved dissolution up to 4 fold compared to the native drug. In both the aqueous medium, maleate salt exhibited higher dissolution rate compared to the oxalate salt, which is correlated with its (former) lower melting point and higher crystal surface area.
Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT) Survey II: CRT implantation in Europe and in Switzerland (2018)

Compared with European CRT recipients, Swiss CRT patients are older, less symptomatic and suffer more often from comorbidities. Although two thirds of the implantations were CRT-defibrillator systems, Swiss patients more often received CRT-pacemaker systems than their European counterparts.
Fault-tolerant operation of a logical qubit in a diamond quantum processor (2022)

The underlying data and software code for generating the figures presented in the main text and extended data.
Primordial Black Hole Baryogenesis (2007)

We reconsider the possibility that the observed baryon asymmetry was generated by the evaporation of primordial black holes that dominated the early universe. We present a simple derivation showing that the baryon asymmetry is insensitive to the initial black hole density and the cosmological model but is sensitive to the temperature-dependence of the CP and baryon-violating (or lepton-violating) interactions. We also consider the possibility that black holes stop evaporating and form Planck-mass remnants that act as dark matter. We show that primordial black holes cannot simultaneously account for both the observed baryon asymmetry and the (remnant) dark matter density unless the magnitude of CP violation is much greater than expected from most particle physics models. Finally, we apply these results to ekpyrotic/cyclic models, in which primordial black holes may form when branes collide. We find that obtaining the observed baryon asymmetry is compatible with the other known constraints on parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective and Chemoselective Oxidation of Phosphorothionates Using MMPP. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical sensing and determination of complex reflection coefficients of plasmonic structures using transmission interferometric plasmonic sensor (2010)

The combination of interferometry and plasmonic structure, which consists of gold nanoparticle layer, sputter coated silicon oxide spacer layer, and aluminum mirror layer, was studied in transmission mode for biosensing and refractive index sensing applications. Because of the interferometric nature of the system, the information of the reflection amplitude and phase of the plasmonic layer can be deduced from one spectrum. The modulation amplitude in the transmission spectrum, caused by the interference between the plasmonic particle layer and the mirror layer, increases upon the refractive index increase around the plasmonic particles due to their coherent backscattering property. Our proposed evaluation method requires only two light sources with different wavelengths for a stable self-referenced signal, which can be easily and precisely tuned by a transparent spacer layer thickness. Unlike the standard localized surface plasmon sensors, where a sharp resonance peak is essential, a broad band plasmon resonance is accepted in this method. This leads to large fabrication tolerance of the plasmonic structures. We investigated bulk and adsorption layer sensitivities both experimentally and by simulation. The highest sensitivity wavelength corresponded to the resonance of the plasmonic particles, but useful signals are produced in a much broader spectral range. Analysis of a single transmission spectrum allowed us to access the wavelength-dependent complex reflection coefficient of the plasmonic particle layer, which confirmed the reflection amplitude increase in the plasmonic particle layer upon molecular adsorption.
Iridium(iii)–surfactant complex immobilized in mesoporous silica via templated synthesis: a new route to optical materials (2011)

In this work we report the preparation of a new blue-emitting material based on the templated synthesis of mesoporous silica (MCM-41) using micellar solutions of the newly synthesized monocationic metallosurfactant complex bis[1-benzyl-4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole](4,4′-diheptadecyl-2,2′-bipyridine)–iridium(III) chloride in hexadecyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide (CTAB). Under ambient conditions, significant increases in excited state lifetime and quantum yield values (up to 45%), were obtained for the solid materials in comparison to the corresponding micellar solutions. Solid state 1H and 19F NMR spectroscopies were successfully employed for quantifying the luminophore content in terms of Ir–surfactant to CTAB and Ir–surfactant to silica ratios.
Maintenance of chaos in a computational model of a thermal pulse combustor (1997)

The dynamics of a thermal pulse combustor model are examined. It is found that, as a parameter related to the fuel flow rate is varied, the combustor will undergo a transition from periodic pulsing to chaotic pulsing to a chaotic transient leading to flameout. Results from the numerical model are compared to those obtained from a laboratory-scale thermal pulse combustor. Finally the technique of maintenance (or anticontrol) of chaos is successfully applied to the model, with the result that the operation of the combustor can be continued well into the flameout regime. (c) 1997 American Institute of Physics.
CO2-Expanded Solvents:  Unique and Versatile Media for Performing Homogeneous Catalytic Oxidations (2002)

The work summarized here demonstrates a new concept for exploiting dense phase CO(2), media considered to be "green" solvents, for homogeneous catalytic oxidation reactions. According to this concept, the conventional organic solvent medium used in catalytic chemical reactions is replaced substantially (up to 80 vol %) by CO(2), at moderate pressures (tens of bars), to create a continuum of CO(2)-expanded solvent media. A particular benefit is found for oxidation catalysis; the presence of CO(2) in the mixed medium increases the O(2) solubility by ca. 100 times compared to that in the neat organic solvent while the retained organic solvent serves an essential role by solubilizing the transition metal catalyst. We show that CO(2)-expanded solvents provide optimal properties for maximizing oxidation rates that are typically 1-2 orders of magnitude greater than those obtained with either the neat organic solvent or supercritical CO(2) as the reaction medium. These advantages are demonstrated with examples of homogeneous oxidations of a substituted phenol and of cyclohexene by molecular O(2) using transition metal catalysts, cobalt Schiff-base and iron porphyrin complexes, respectively, in CO(2)-expanded CH(3)CN.
In Vivo mTHPC Photobleaching in Normal Rat Skin Exhibits Unique Irradiance-dependent Features¶ (2002)

We report measurements performed on the normal skin of rats in vivo, which provide information on the photobleaching kinetics and mechanisms of the photosensitizer meso-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin (mTHPC). Loss of mTHPC fluorescence was monitored using in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy during photodynamic therapy (PDT) performed using 650 nm laser irradiation. The bleaching was evaluated for irradiances of 5, 20 and 50 mW cm(-2). Two distinct phases of mTHPC photobleaching were observed. In the first phase there was no obvious irradiance dependence in the loss of fluorescence vs fluence. The second phase was initiated by an irradiance-dependent discontinuity in the slope of the bleaching curve, after which the photobleaching rates showed an irradiance dependence consistent with an oxygen-dependent reaction process. To investigate the unusual shape of the in vivo bleaching curves, we measured the PDT-induced changes in O2 concentrations in mTHPC-sensitized spheroids irradiated with 2, 5 and 20 mW cm(-2) of 650 nm light. The oxygen concentration data indicated no unusual features within the range of fluences where the discontinuities in fluorescence were observed during in vivo spectroscopy. The fluorescence from the in vivo bleaching experiments thus reports a phenomenon that is not reported by measurements of the photochemical oxygen consumption in the spheroids.
Picornavirus Proteinase-Mediated Shutoff of Host Cell Translation: Direct Cleavage of a Cellular Initiation Factor (2014)

This chapter discusses the strategy used by picornaviruses belonging to the genera of enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, and aphthoviruses to interfere with host cell protein synthesis. First it describes the mechanism of initiation of capped mRNA and compares it with that of uncapped mRNA. It then discusses the role of the viral proteinases and their cellular targets. Finally it focuses on the effect of specific proteolytic cleavage and its function in the initiation of protein synthesis. There is ample evidence that 2Apro is the viral proteinase responsible for eIF4G cleavage, which results in the inactivation of cap-dependent translation leading to the shutoff of cellular protein synthesis. In addition, based on the known cleavage sites of 2Apro of HRV2 and 2Apro of coxsackievirus B4 in the viral polyprotein, sequence comparisons allowed the prediction of three potential cleavage sites in eIF4G. It has recently been demonstrated using an in vitro translation system that newly synthesized 2Apro of HRV2 is highly efficient in eIF4G cleavage. The discrepancy was particularly dramatic when viral replication was partially inhibited by guanidine-HCl, 3-methyl quercetin, monensin, or nigericin. In the presence of these inhibitors, eIF4G cleavage was found to be essentially complete, whereas cellular protein synthesis was only partially inhibited. Furthermore, generally the same initiation factors are involved in the translation of both types of mRNAs.
Microjet Impingement Cooling With Phase Change (2004)

The large heat generation rates in contemporary microprocessors require new thermal management solutions. Two-phase microjet impingement cooling promises high heat transfer coefficients and effective cooling of hotspots. We have fabricated integrated microjet structures with heaters and temperature sensors to study local heat transfer at the impingement surface of a confined microjet. Circular jets with diameters less than 100 μm are machined in glass. Preliminary temperature measurements (for Rej = 100–500) suggest that heat transfer coefficients of 1000 W/m2C close to the jet stagnation zone can be achieved. As the flowrate of the jet is increased, a tradeoff in heat removal capability and wall superheat is observed. To aid in understanding the mechanism for wall superheat during boiling at the heated surface, the devices allow for optical access through the top of the device. However, the formation of vapor from the top reservoir makes visualization difficult. This study aids in the design of microjet heat sinks used for integration into a closed-loop cooling system.
Design Rules for Addressing Material Asymmetry Induced by Templated Epitaxy for Integrated Heteroepitaxial On‐Chip Light Sources (2023)

Abstract Integrating quantum dot (QD) gain elements onto Si photonic platforms via direct epitaxial growth is the ultimate solution for realizing on‐chip light sources. Tremendous improvements in device performance and reliability have been demonstrated in devices grown on planar Si substrates in the last few years. Recently, electrically pumped QD lasers deposited in narrow oxide pockets in a butt‐coupled configuration and on‐chip coupling have been realized on patterned Si photonic wafers. However, the device yield and reliability, which ultimately determines the scalability of such technology, are limited by material uniformity. Here, detailed analysis is performed, both experimentally and theoretically, on the material asymmetry induced by the pocket geometry and provides unambiguous evidence suggesting that all pockets should be aligned to the [1 ] direction of the III‐V crystal for high yield, high performance, and scalable on‐chip light sources at 300 mm scale.