gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesizing Near-Optimal Malware Specifications from Suspicious Behaviors (2010)

Fueled by an emerging underground economy, malware authors are exploiting vulnerabilities at an alarming rate. To make matters worse, obfuscation tools are commonly available, and much of the malware is open source, leading to a huge number of variants. Behavior-based detection techniques are a promising solution to this growing problem. However, these detectors require precise specifications of malicious behavior that do not result in an excessive number of false alarms. In this paper, we present an automatic technique for extracting optimally discriminative specifications, which uniquely identify a class of programs. Such a discriminative specification can be used by a behavior-based malware detector. Our technique, based on graph mining and concept analysis, scales to large classes of programs due to probabilistic sampling of the specification space. Our implementation, called Holmes, can synthesize discriminative specifications that accurately distinguish between programs, sustaining an 86% detection rate on new, unknown malware, with 0 false positives, in contrast with 55% for commercial signature-based antivirus (AV) and 62-64% for behavior-based AV (commercial or research).
Development of an Improved Hybrid Burner: Initial Operating Experience in a Gas Turbine (1996)

Hybrid burners have demonstrated proven reliability in the premixed combustion of both natural gas and liquid fuels. NOx emission levels below 10 ppmv (gas dry, 15% O2) have been achieved in gas turbine models V94.2, V84.2 and retrofitted predecessor gas turbines. With increasing turbine inlet temperature (increasing efficiency), the pressure ratio and compressor discharge temperature will rise and auto ignition will become more critical. Therefore the development of an improved hybrid burner was an obvious necessity. Compatibility of the new burner with existing gas turbines was a basic requirement. The new burner was tested in a 10 MW Gas Turbine equipped with a SIEMENS silo combustor and in a V64.3 GT in Dresden, Germany. The paper presents the development and results of on-site measurements of NOx and CO emissions. At base toad NOx emissions below 25 ppmv were obtained by the revised hybrid (HR) burner without any combustion driven oscillation (&lt; 5 mbar) in the V64.3. Additionaly the stability of the premixed flame was improved, so that the operation range of premix mode could be increased by three percent of base load.
A Proactive Approach to Rail Construction Safety (2006)

This paper describes how safety is the most important and key elements for all construction projects. There are ways to avoid/minimize the safety incidences if a proactive approach is taken from the very start of the construction to the finish. This includes the directions to, and expectations from the contractor in the form of specification, detailed construction sequence, etc, before the start of the contract. Incentive clause for good safety record and low incident rate requirements adds to the contractor’s approach to safety and benefits the project. This also includes the directions to and expectations from the safety personnel on site during construction. This paper provides some details as to how to run a project safely, add few programs for a very small proactive monthly safety maintenance/management costs and realize the benefits for the project in the form of a safe construction. The paper touches on items such as specific specifications inserts, employee safety awareness program; safety training including tool box safety meetings; community outreach programs such as operation lifesaver presentations; website construction updates; information hotline; community contacts/interactions/ outreach; safety committee meetings with owners, third party, construction management and construction workers; regular monitoring and safety audits; management support for strict endorsement and discipline; partnering and recognition workshops etc. The paper found that by adding an extra 0.1% of construction cost for developing such incentive type culture in the safety program management, huge undefined savings in the form of employee life safety and near misses incidences can be realized of the order of magnitude of over 4.5%. This is a huge return on investment and can be illustrated with some statistics.
Distributed Averaging Optimization-based Technique for Microgrid Secondary Control (2020)

In this paper, we present a distributed averaging optimization-based controller for secondary control of islanded microgrid. In islanded mode, grid-forming units collaborate to maintain the voltage and frequency of the microgrid through droop control. However, traditional droop control suffers from poor reactive power sharing due to voltage drop in the lines. Therefore, secondary control interferes to improve power sharing in addition to restore the voltage and frequency errors produced by droop control. The proposed controller seeks minimum inconsistency of power sharing among units while keeping the frequency at its nominal value and the terminal voltage within allowable tolerance i.e. ±5% of its nominal value. The active and reactive power sharing are communicated through low frequency peer-to-peer communication channel and the average value is calculated locally. A convex optimization function is utilized to minimize the difference of power sharing among grid-forming units. The optimization function is implemented using CVX/CVXGEN and embedded in the control system in real-time on a discrete basis over a time horizon of one second. The controller is validated through simulation using MATLAB/SIMULINK. In addition, plug-and-play capability is tested for the proposed controller.
SlMYC1 Regulates Type VI Glandular Trichome Formation and Terpene Biosynthesis in Tomato Glandular Cells (2018)

Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) glandular trichomes function as biochemical factories that synthesize a diverse array of specialized metabolites. Terpenoids are the most diverse class of plant specialized metabolites, with volatile mono- and sesquiterpenes playing important roles in plant defense. Although the biosynthetic pathways of volatile terpenes in tomato glandular trichomes have been well described, little is known about their regulation. Here, we demonstrate that SlMYC1, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, differentially regulates mono- and sesquiterpene biosynthesis in the type VI glandular trichomes of tomato leaves and stems. SlMYC1 functions as a positive regulator of monoterpene biosynthesis in both leaf and stem trichomes but as a negative regulator of sesquiterpene biosynthesis in stem trichomes. SlMYC1 is also essential for type VI glandular trichome development, as knocking down <i>SlMYC1</i> led to the production of smaller type VI glandular trichomes at lower densities, and knocking out this gene led to their absence. Our findings reveal a role for SlMYC1 not only in type VI glandular trichome development but also in the regulation of terpene biosynthesis in tomato.
Synchronized pulsed plasmas: potential process improvements for patterning technologies (2010)

International audience
Comment on "Computational Improvements Reveal Great Bacterial Diversity and High Metal Toxicity in Soil" (2006)

Gans et al. (Reports, 26 August 2005, p. 1387) provided an estimate of soil bacterial species richness two orders of magnitude greater than previously reported values. Using a re-derived mathematical model, we reanalyzed the data and found that the statistical error exceeds the estimate by a factor of 26. We also note two potential sources of error in the experimental data collection and measurement procedures.
Wastewater Treatment and Biomass Production by Floating Aquatic Macrophytes (1991)

In recent years, the use of shallow ponds containing floating plants for treating domestic wastewaters has become increasingly common.&quot; Although floating aquatic macrophyte-based treatment systems (FAMS) typically are land intensive, they require little energy for operation, and are capable of removing a spectrum of contaminants (e.g. biochemical oxygen demand, nutrients, toxic organics, metals) from municipal, agricultural and industrial wastewaters.), 5,6 Depending on the management regime, FAMS may also produce large quantities of biomass, which can be utilized as an animal feed or as a feedstock for methane production.
It Takes Two: Dimerization Is Essential for the Broad-Spectrum Predatory and Defensive Activities of the Venom Peptide Mp1a from the Jack Jumper Ant Myrmecia pilosula (2020)

Ant venoms have recently attracted increased attention due to their chemical complexity, novel molecular frameworks, and diverse biological activities. The heterodimeric peptide ∆-myrtoxin-Mp1a (Mp1a) from the venom of the Australian jack jumper ant, <i>Myrmecia pilosula</i>, exhibits antimicrobial, membrane-disrupting, and pain-inducing activities. In the present study, we examined the activity of Mp1a and a panel of synthetic analogues against the gastrointestinal parasitic nematode <i>Haemonchus contortus</i>, the fruit fly <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>, and for their ability to stimulate pain-sensing neurons. Mp1a was found to be both insecticidal and anthelmintic, and it robustly activated mammalian sensory neurons at concentrations similar to those reported to elicit antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. The native antiparallel Mp1a heterodimer was more potent than heterodimers with alternative disulfide connectivity, as well as monomeric analogues. We conclude that the membrane-disrupting effects of Mp1a confer broad-spectrum biological activities that facilitate both predation and defense for the ant. Our structure-activity data also provide a foundation for the rational engineering of analogues with selectivity for particular cell types.
ANFIS Based Maximum Power Point Tracking Method for Photovoltaic System Using a Two-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter (2015)

This paper presents Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) method for Photovoltaic (PV) system based on ANFIS using A Two-Phase Interleaved Boost Converter (IBC). The proposed system has 2 inputs and 1 output. The two inputs of the proposed system consist of solar irradiance and temperature. Meanwhile, the output is a duty cycle. The duty cycle is used to generate Pulsed Width Modulation (PWM), which serves to activate MOSFET. Furthermore, the proposed ANFIS features 20 epochs and utilizes hybrid mechanism to train data. Some simulations of IBC combined with PV system have been performed using Matlab/SIMULINK. Furthermore, some comparisons of two different methods have been carried out to validate the results. The comparison analysis results indicate that the system using ANFIS can obtain higher voltage than the system using FLC. In addition, the proposed system is also able to reduce overshoot and be able to increase the output power.
Diameter-Dependent Band Gap Modification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Encapsulated Fullerenes (2008)

Band gap photoluminescence (PL) of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) encapsulating C60 fullerenes (nanopeapods) is examined over a wide range of diameters (∼1.25−1.55 nm). The encapsulated fullerenes induce characteristic PL peak shifts that strongly depend on the tube diameter (dt) and the “2n + m” family type {type I [mod(2n + m, 3) = 1] and type II [mod(2n + m, 3) = 2]}. This behavior can be explained by the strain-induced band gap shifts due to the C60 insertion and the hybridization between the electronic states of SWCNTs and C60. The present results provide significant insights into band gap engineering of SWCNTs in future nanodevices.
Dynamic mechanical response of elastic spherical inclusions to impulsive acoustic radiation force excitation (2006)

Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging has been used clinically to study the dynamic response of lesions relative to their background material to focused, impulsive acoustic radiation force excitations through the generation of dynamic displacement field images. Dynamic displacement data are typically displayed as a set of parametric images, including displacement immediately after excitation, maximum displacement, time to peak displacement, and recovery time from peak displacement. To date, however, no definitive trends have been established between these parametric images and the tissues' mechanical properties. This work demonstrates that displacement magnitude, time to peak displacement, and recovery time are all inversely related to the Young's modulus in homogeneous elastic media. Experimentally, pulse repetition frequency during displacement tracking limits stiffness resolution using the time to peak displacement parameter. The excitation pulse duration also impacts the time to peak parameter, with longer pulses reducing the inertial effects present during impulsive excitations. Material density affects tissue dynamics, but is not expected to play a significant role in biological tissues. The presence of an elastic spherical inclusion in the imaged medium significantly alters the tissue dynamics in response to impulsive, focused acoustic radiation force excitations. Times to peak displacement for excitations within and outside an elastic inclusion are still indicative of local material stiffness; however, recovery times are altered due to the reflection and transmission of shear waves at the inclusion boundaries. These shear wave interactions cause stiffer inclusions to appear to be displaced longer than the more compliant background material. The magnitude of shear waves reflected at elastic lesion boundaries is dependent on the stiffness contrast between the inclusion and the background material, and the stiffness and size of the inclusion dictate when shear wave reflections within the lesion will interfere with one another. Jitter and bias associated with the ultrasonic displacement tracking also impact the estimation of a tissue's dynamic response to acoustic radiation force excitation.
ELECTROCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF CYSTEAMINE AT CARBON FIBER MICRODISK ELECTRODE (2011)

The electrooxidation of cysteamine compound was carried out using convolutive cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperomtry techniques at a carbon fiber microdisk electrode in 0. 1 M perchloric acid. The electrooxidation potential (E 0'' ) of cysteamine occurs at + 0.921 V. The mechanistic pathway of electrooxidation process at carbon fiber microelectrode is loss of 1 electron per molecule. The electrode process is controlled mainly by diffusion. The chemical and electrochemical parameters of the investigated system were determined experimentally and verified theoretically via digital simulation method.
UNE METHODE DE FORMULATION DES BETONS DE SABLE A MANIABILITE ET RESISTANCE FIXEES (1996)

Sand concretes are among the new civil engineering materials by which natural resources of sand are put to valuable use. Their specific, respectable properties mark them for use in many applications, identified in the course of the Sablocrete national project, completed in 1994. By contrast with conventional concretes, there is no mix design method for them that reconciles workability and strength. This article proposes such a method, based on optimizing the compactness both of the granular skeleton and of the paste, thereby simultaneously meeting workability and strength requirements for sand concretes. The essential role of the fillers, which replace part of the cement, but also extend the total granular skeleton, is revealed. Finally, it is shown that workable concretes having very good mechanical strength values can be formulated with low-cost materials.
Study on Reaction Mechanism of Aluminum Selective Chemical Vapor Deposition with In-situ XPS Measurement (1990)

Aluminum (Al) films have been deposited selectively on Si at a substrate temperature from 270 to 330°C under 1 × 10 -3 Torr employing dimethylaluminum hydride (DMAlH). The experiments were carried out in a reaction chamber connected to an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyzer. The origin of selectivity was studied by in-situ XPS analysis, dopant dependency and surface treatments. The selectivity was independent of the dopant type and its concentration in Si substrate. In-situ XPS measurement revealed that the Al-hydrogen (H) bond was broken only on the Si surface. No Al film grew on the Si surface subjected to Ar + ion bombardment, while the Si surface exposed subsequently by hydrogen radicals was allowed to deposit the Al film. Eventually, it is considered that hydrogen (H) and/or fluorine (F) which terminates the Si surface after dipping in HF solution reacts with H atoms and methyl group in DMAlH, leading to the selective deposition of Al. Al did not grow on SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 surfaces because of the easy oxidation of Al due to the reaction of Al with oxide surfaces. Al could deposit on the TiN surface after the native oxide was reduced by hydroden radicals.
Computational Study Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of the Interaction between the Efflux Inhibitor PAβN and the AdeB Transporter from Acinetobacter baumannii (2017)

Phenylalanine-arginine β-naphthylamide (PAβN) is a broad-spectrum efflux pump inhibitor that has shown to potentiate the activity of antibiotics in Gram-negative bacteria. AdeB is a part of the AdeABC tripartite pump that plays a pivotal role in conferring efflux-mediated resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>. To understand the molecular mechanism of efflux pump inhibition by PAβN, we investigated the interaction of PAβN with AdeB using different computational methods. We observed that PAβN does not have specific binding interactions with the proximal binding site and interacts strongly with the distal binding pocket. The Phe loop located between the proximal and distal binding pockets plays a key role in the PAβN-mediated inhibition and acts as a gate between the binding pockets. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that PAβN behaved like a climber as we observed switching of the interaction energies between the ligand and the key Phe residues of the binding site during the course of the simulation. PAβN uses the hydrophobic microenvironment formed by Phe residues in the distal binding pocket to keep the binding monomer in the binding conformation. The simulation data suggests that this binding event should result in the inhibition of the peristaltic mechanism and prevent the exporter from extruding any other substrates leading to the inhibition of the tripartite pump.
Smooth Estimation and Inference with Interval Censored Data (1997)

Despite the increasing use and success of interventional coronary reperfusion strategies, morbidity and mortality from acute myocardial infarction are still substantial. Myocardial infarct size is a major determinant of prognosis in these patients. Therefore, cardioprotective strategies aim to reduce infarct size. However, a perplexing gap exists between the many preclinical studies reporting infarct size reduction with mechanical and pharmacological interventions and the poor translation into better clinical outcomes in patients. This Review revisits the pathophysiology of myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury, including the role of autophagy and forms of cell death such as necrosis, apoptosis, necroptosis and pyroptosis. Other cellular compartments in addition to cardiomyocytes are addressed, notably the coronary microcirculation. Preclinical and clinical research developments in mechanical and pharmacological approaches to induce cardioprotection, and their signal transduction pathways, are discussed. Additive cardioprotective interventions are advocated. For clinical translation into treatments for patients with acute myocardial infarction, who typically are of advanced age, have comorbidities and are receiving several medications, not only infarct size reduction but also attenuation of coronary microvascular obstruction, as well as longer-term targets including infarct repair and reverse remodelling, must be considered to improve patient outcomes. Future clinical trials must focus on patients who really need adjunct cardioprotection, that is, those with severe haemodynamic alterations.
A proprioceptive feedback circuit drives C. elegans locomotor adaptation through dopamine signaling (2022)

Abstract An animal adapts its motor behavior to navigate the external environment. This adaptation depends on proprioception, which provides feedback on an animal’s body postures. How proprioception mechanisms interact with motor circuits and contribute to locomotor adaptation remains unclear. Here we describe and characterize proprioception-mediated homeostatic control of undulatory movement in the roundworm Caenorhabditis elegans . We found the worm responds to optogenetically or mechanically induced decreases in midbody bending amplitude by increasing its anterior amplitude. Conversely, it responds to increased midbody amplitude by decreasing the anterior amplitude. Using genetics, microfluidic and optogenetic perturbation response analyses, and optical neurophysiology, we elucidated the neural circuit underlying this compensatory postural response. The dopaminergic PDE neurons proprioceptively sense midbody bending and signal to AVK interneurons via the D2-like dopamine receptor DOP-3. The FMRFamide-like neuropeptide FLP-1, released by AVK, regulates SMB head motor neurons to modulate anterior bending. We propose that this homeostatic behavioral control optimizes locomotor efficiency. Our findings demonstrate a mechanism in which proprioception works with dopamine and neuropeptide signaling to mediate motor control, a motif that may be conserved in other animals.
A New Approach to Solar Hydrogen Production: a ZnO–ZnS Solid Solution Nanowire Array Photoanode (2011)

A ZnO–ZnS solid solution nanowire array photoanode is developed based on an alternative sensitization of a ZnO–ZnS solid solution nanowire array for solar hydrogen generation with considerably enhanced photocurrent – more than 195% greater compared to pristine ZnO nanowires. This solid solution structure demonstrates a better photoactivity enhancement effect than traditional quantum dot sensitization, as well as allowing hydrogen generation.
Chiroptical properties and conformation of chiral enamines of 2‐(2′‐pyrido, or quinolino) acetophenone (1996)

CD study of the chiral enamines 4-9 revealed the presence of the azastil-bene-like chromophore, and exciton coupling between this chromophore (A) and aromatic chromophore B. Coupled excitons in 5 and 8 suggest M (−) absolute conformation between chromophores A and B. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A C. elegans genome-scale microRNA network contains composite feedback motifs with high flux capacity (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and transcription factors (TFs) are primary metazoan gene regulators. Whereas much attention has focused on finding the targets of both miRNAs and TFs, the transcriptional networks that regulate miRNA expression remain largely unexplored. Here, we present the first genome-scale Caenorhabditis elegans miRNA regulatory network that contains experimentally mapped transcriptional TF --> miRNA interactions, as well as computationally predicted post-transcriptional miRNA --> TF interactions. We find that this integrated miRNA network contains 23 miRNA <--> TF composite feedback loops in which a TF that controls a miRNA is itself regulated by that same miRNA. By rigorous network randomizations, we show that such loops occur more frequently than expected by chance and, hence, constitute a genuine network motif. Interestingly, miRNAs and TFs in such loops are heavily regulated and regulate many targets. This "high flux capacity" suggests that loops provide a mechanism of high information flow for the coordinate and adaptable control of miRNA and TF target regulons.
Multicore EDFA for space division multiplexing (2013)

Amplification characteristics of MC-EDFA are reviewed. Applicability to future network is evaluated by utilizing core-pumping configuration. In addition, cladding-pumping configuration, which has possibilities for reducing power consumption and downsizing, is demonstrated.