gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A tunable local field potentials computer simulator to assess minimal requirements for phase–amplitude cross-frequency-coupling estimation (2016)

The quantitative study of cross-frequency coupling (CFC) is a relevant issue in neuroscience. In local field potentials (LFPs), measured either in the cortex or in the hippocampus, how γ-oscillation amplitude is modulated by changes in θ-rhythms-phase is thought to be important in memory formation. Several methods were proposed to quantify CFC, but reported evidence suggests that experimental parameters affect the results. Therefore, a simulation tool to support the determination of minimal requirements for CFC estimation in order to obtain reliable results is particularly useful. An approach to generate computer-simulated signals having CFC intensity, sweep duration, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and multiphasic-coupling tunable by the user has been developed. Its utility has been proved by a study evaluating minimal sweep duration and SNR required for reliable θ-γ CFC estimation from signals simulating LFP measured in the mouse hippocampus. A MATLAB® software was made available to facilitate methodology reproducibility. The analysis of the synthetic LFPs created by the simulator shows how the minimal sweep duration for achieving accurate θ-γ CFC estimates increases as SNR decreases and the number of CFC levels to discriminate increases. In particular, a sufficient reliability in discriminating five different predetermined CFC levels is reached with 35-s sweep with SNR = 20, while SNR = 5 requires at least 140-s sweep.
Preparation of Bi-Pb-Ca-Sr-Cu-O Superconducting Thick Films Using Spray-Pyrolyzed Fine Powders (1991)

High- T c superconducting thick films were prepared using fine powders obtained by spray pyrolysis. The 110 K phase was predominantly formed in the films heat-treated at 855°C. The films prepared using fine powders with an average particle size of 1.4 µm showed a higher T c (zero) of 105 K compared with those using powders of 0.8 µm.
Hydra: A Block-Mapped Parallel Flash Memory Solid-State Disk Architecture (2010)

Flash memory solid-state disks (SSDs) are replacing hard disk drives (HDDs) in mobile computing systems because of their lower power consumption, faster random access, and greater shock resistance. We describe Hydra, a high-performance flash memory SSD architecture that translates the parallelism inherent in multiple flash memory chips into improved performance, by means of both bus-level and chip-level interleaving. Hydra has a prioritized structure of memory controllers, consisting of a single high-priority foreground unit, to deal with read requests, and multiple background units, all capable of autonomous execution of sequences of high-level flash memory operations. Hydra also employs an aggressive write buffering mechanism based on block mapping to ensure that multiple flash memory chips are used effectively, and also to expedite the processing of write requests. Performance evaluation of an FPGA implementation of the Hydra SSD architecture shows that its performance is more than 80 percent better than the best of the comparable HDDs and SSDs that we considered.
Switching simulations in perpendicular media: spin-wave instabilities (2002)

We have simulated the switching process in a perpendicular medium, using a simple model of a monopolar head, and visualized it by plotting the magnetizations of computational cells as a swarm of points on the time-varying contour plot of the Stoner-Wohlfarth energy. This viewpoint clarifies the spin-wave instability that leads to switching. We find that the exchange interaction leads to energy flow and, hence, energy dispersion within a grain, leading to incoherence and switching.
Frequent Methylation ofEyes Absent 4Gene in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (2005)

Most esophageal adenocarcinomas arise within Barrett's esophagus but the cause of this increasingly prevalent condition remains unknown. Early detection improves survival and discriminant screening markers for Barrett's esophagus and cancer are needed. This study was designed to explore the natural history of eyes absent 4 (EYA4) gene methylation in the neoplastic progression of Barrett's esophagus and to evaluate methylated EYA4 as a candidate marker. Aberrant promoter methylation of EYA4 was studied by methylation-specific PCR using bisulfite-treated DNA from esophageal adenocarcinomas, Barrett's esophagus, and normal epithelia, and then confirmed by sequencing. Eight cancer cell lines were treated with the demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, and EYA4 mRNA expression with and without treatment was quantified by real-time reverse-transcription PCR. EYA4 hypermethylation was detected in 83% (33 of 40) of esophageal adenocarcinomas and 77% (27 of 35) of Barrett's tissues, but only in 3% (2 of 58) of normal esophageal and gastric mucosa samples (P < 0.001). The unmethylated cancer cell lines had much higher EYA4 mRNA expression than the methylated cancer cell lines. Demethylation caused by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine increased the mRNA expression level by a median of 3.2-fold in methylated cells, but its effect on unmethylated cells was negligible. Results indicate that aberrant promoter methylation of EYA4 is very common during tumorigenesis in Barrett's esophagus, occurs in early metaplasia, seems to be an important mechanism of down-regulating EYA4 expression, and represents an intriguing candidate marker for Barrett's metaplasia and esophageal cancer.
Characterizing of Corrosion Backside of Steel Plates Using Extremely Low-Frequency Eddy Current Testing with Multiple-Frequency Magnetic-Field Exposure (2018)

In recent years, aging and deterioration of social infrastructure has become a major problem. A non-destructive testing technique for early detection of degradation (such as internal corrosion) is required to extend the lifetime of these structures. Currently, there are various methods used for inspection. Among these, non-destructive testing using magnetic fields is widely used due to advantages such as ease of use and high speed. However, magnetic inspection is generally employed only for inspection of the surface and subsurface, since it is difficult to inspect internal corrosion using this technique. Therefore, we have developed a device for detecting thinning of steel plates due to corrosion using multiple extremely-low frequencies and a high-sensitivity magnetic sensor. However, it is necessary to sweep multiple frequencies to obtain a frequency spectrum, and this is very time-consuming, especially in extremely low-frequency ranges. In this study, we have developed an analysis method based on a multiple-frequency applied magnetic field and FFT (fast Fourier transform) analysis of the detection signal. Thus, we have successfully reduced the measurement time while maintaining high detection accuracy.
Updated International Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Cytomegalovirus in Solid-Organ Transplantation (2013)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) continues to be one of the most common infections after solid-organ transplantation, resulting in significant morbidity, graft loss, and adverse outcomes. Management of CMV varies considerably among transplant centers but has been become more standardized by publication of consensus guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Section of The Transplantation Society. An international panel of experts was reconvened in October 2012 to revise and expand evidence and expert opinion-based consensus guidelines on CMV management, including diagnostics, immunology, prevention, treatment, drug resistance, and pediatric issues. The following report summarizes the recommendations.
Some synthetic approaches to ropinirole (sk&f 101468‐a): A potent dopamine receptor agonist (1995)

Abstract Three new routes to ropinirole (SK&amp;F 101468‐A, 1 ) are described each involving the preparation of 3‐chlorooxindole intermediates of type 3 from β‐nitrostyrenes as the pivotal step. The superiority of sulphonate esters 17a‐c as direct precursors to 1 over the bromide 11 is also described.
The Use of a Laser Micrometer System to Determine the Cross-Sectional Shape and Area of Ligaments: A Comparative Study With Two Existing Methods (1990)

Determination of the tensile stresses in ligaments and tendons during uniaxial loading depends on accurate measurement of the cross-sectional area. In this study, a laser micrometer system was employed to evaluate the cross-sectional shape and area of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) at three locations and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). In a New Zealand White (NZW) rabbit, morphologic sections of the ligaments were made to verify the cross-sectional shape reconstructed by the laser micrometer system. The areas obtained by the laser micrometer system from ten additional NZW rabbits were compared with those obtained by two other methods commonly used to measure the cross-sectional area of ligaments and tendons: one method uses digital calipers and the other a constant pressure (0.12 MPa) area micrometer. For the MCL, the digital calipers yielded results very similar to those of the laser micrometer, but the constant pressure area micrometer yielded values 20 percent lower. The area measured at the proximal site of the MCL was 13 percent greater than the area measured at the joint line and distal line. For the ACL, the values obtained by the digital calipers and constant pressure area micrometer were 16 and 20 percent lower, respectively. Because of the irregular shape exhibited by the rabbit ACL, the digital calipers could not accurately measure the cross-sectional area. The constant pressure area micrometer yielded lower values for the cross-sectional area of both the MCL and ACL, presumably due to the applied pressure which caused changes in both the cross-sectional shape and area.
Effects of pulsed GaAlAs laser diode radiation for wound healing (1988)

To assess laser modulation of wound healing, full thickness skin defects surrounded by Teflon rings were made on the back of rats and were irradiated with pulsed GaAIAs laser every day. Dry weight, type I and type III collagen were markedly increased, and granulocytes and macrophages of granulation tissue were decreased on 10 p. o.d. by the irradiation at an energy density of 0.6 J/cm2. The results suggest that pulsed GaAlAs laser stimulates wound healing by promoting collagen synthesis and inhibiting collagen degradation
In situ cognate interactions between T-follicular helper cells and B cells characterize severe tubulointerstitial inflammation in human lupus nephritis (2012)

Lupus develops when genetically predisposed people encounter environmental agents that initiate flares. Current evidence indicates that the environmental contribution is mediated by T-cell DNA demethylation. DNA methylation patterns are established during differentiation, and silence inappropriate or unnecessary genes by promoting a condensed chromatin configuration that is inaccessible to transcription factors. The methylation patterns are then replicated each time a cell divides by DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1). Dnmt1 is upregulated during mitosis, binds the replication fork, and catalyzes transfer of the methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) to dC bases in the daughter DNA strand only where the parent strand is methylated. Environmental agents that block ERK pathway signaling prevent Dnmt1 upregulation, and low Dnmt1 levels synergize with dietary micronutrient deficiencies that decrease SAM pools to impair methylation of the daughter strand. This activates genes silenced only by DNA methylation. Inhibiting T-cell DNA methylation converts helper CD4 + T cells into autoreactive, cytotoxic, proinflammatory cells that cause lupus-like autoimmunity in mice. Similar changes in CD4 + T-cell DNA methylation and gene expression are found in patients with active lupus. Procainamide and hydralazine, which cause ANAs in a majority of patients and lupus in a genetically predisposed subset, also inhibit T-cell DNA methylation. The lupus T-cell DNA methylation defect has been traced to low Dnmt1 levels caused by decreased ERK pathway signaling, and the signaling defect has now been traced to PKC inactivation caused by oxidative damage. The importance of decreased ERK pathway signaling was confirmed by generating a transgenic mouse with an inducible dominant negative MEK. Inducing the signaling defect selectively in T cells decreases Dnmt1, causing anti-DNA antibodies in mice without lupus genes, and higher anti-DNA antibody levels and an immune complex glomerulonephritis in mice with lupus genes. Autoantibody levels and kidney disease are suppressed by dietary transmethylation micronutrient supplementation in these mice. Epigenetic mechanisms also contribute to the gender dimorphism in lupus. Immune genes on the normally silenced X chromosome demethylate in women with active lupus, contributing to flare severity. In contrast, men with only one X chromosome require a greater genetic predisposition and/ or greater degree of DNA demethylation to develop a lupus flare equal in severity to women. Together, these studies indicate that environmental agents including oxidative stress and diet combine to inhibit T-cell DNA methylation, and that the epigenetically modified cells cause lupus-like autoimmunity in genetically predisposed people and mice.
Anillin Binds Nonmuscle Myosin II and Regulates the Contractile Ring (2004)

We demonstrate that the contractile ring protein anillin interacts directly with nonmuscle myosin II and that this interaction is regulated by myosin light chain phosphorylation. We show that despite their interaction, anillin and myosin II are independently targeted to the contractile ring. Depletion of anillin in Drosophila or human cultured cells results in cytokinesis failure. Human cells depleted for anillin fail to properly regulate contraction by myosin II late in cytokinesis and fail in abscission. We propose a role for anillin in spatially regulating the contractile activity of myosin II during cytokinesis.
Estimation of optimal PDE-based denoising in the SNR sense (2006)

This paper is concerned with finding the best partial differential equation-based denoising process, out of a set of possible ones. We focus on either finding the proper weight of the fidelity term in the energy minimization formulation or on determining the optimal stopping time of a nonlinear diffusion process. A necessary condition for achieving maximal SNR is stated, based on the covariance of the noise and the residual part. We provide two practical alternatives for estimating this condition by observing that the filtering of the image and the noise can be approximated by a decoupling technique, with respect to the weight or time parameters. Our automatic algorithm obtains quite accurate results on a variety of synthetic and natural images, including piecewise smooth and textured ones. We assume that the statistics of the noise were previously estimated. No a priori knowledge regarding the characteristics of the clean image is required. A theoretical analysis is carried out, where several SNR performance bounds are established for the optimal strategy and for a widely used method, wherein the variance of the residual part equals the variance of the noise.
Pattern-based integer sample motion search strategies in the context of HEVC (2015)

The H.265/MPEG-H High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) standard provides a significant increase in coding efficiency compared to its predecessor, the H.264/MPEG-4 Advanced Video Coding (AVC) standard, which however comes at the cost of a high computational burden for a compliant encoder. Motion estimation (ME), which is a part of the inter-picture prediction process, typically consumes a high amount of computational resources, while significantly increasing the coding efficiency. In spite of the fact that both H.265/MPEG-H HEVC and H.264/MPEG-4 AVC standards allow processing motion information on a fractional sample level, the motion search algorithms based on the integer sample level remain to be an integral part of ME. In this paper, a flexible integer sample ME framework is proposed, thereby allowing to trade off significant reduction of ME computation time versus coding efficiency penalty in terms of bit rate overhead. As a result, through extensive experimentation, an integer sample ME algorithm that provides a good trade-off is derived, incorporating a combination and optimization of known predictive, pattern-based and early termination techniques. The proposed ME framework is implemented on a basis of the HEVC Test Model (HM) reference software, further being compared to the state-of-the-art fast search algorithm, which is a native part of HM. It is observed that for high resolution sequences, the integer sample ME process can be speed-up by factors varying from 3.2 to 7.6, resulting in the bit-rate overhead of 1.5% and 0.6% for Random Access (RA) and Low Delay P (LDP) configurations, respectively. In addition, the similar speed-up is observed for sequences with mainly Computer-Generated Imagery (CGI) content while trading off the bit rate overhead of up to 5.2%.
Intermolecular excimer formation for pyrene-end-capped polystyrene: a model for the termination process in free-radical polymerization (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntermolecular excimer formation for pyrene-end-capped polystyrene: a model for the termination process in free-radical polymerizationMarko Strukelj, Jose M. G. Martinho, Mitchell A. Winnik, and Roderick P. QuirkCite this: Macromolecules 1991, 24, 9, 2488–2492Publication Date (Print):April 29, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 29 April 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00009a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00009a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views167Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fluxional behavior and substituent site preferences in cationic monosubstituted tropyliumiron tricarbonyl complexes (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluxional behavior and substituent site preferences in cationic monosubstituted tropyliumiron tricarbonyl complexesC. P. Lewis, W. Kitching, A Eisenstadt, and M. BrookhartCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 17, 4896–4906Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00511a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00511a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Transmit beamforming for inter-operator spectrum sharing (2011)

In EU FP7 project SAPHYRE, we study the nonorthogonal spectrum sharing scenario, in which multiple operators are allowed to utilize the same frequency band in the same location and time. A major impairment in such a scenario is the interference that the cochannel transmissions create. Assuming that the transmitters are equipped with multiple antennas, we propose various transmit beamforming techniques to manage the interference. We show that efficient operating points can be reached, when the operators cooperatively design their beamforming vectors.
The dendrogenine A: a new aminosteroid for the immunotherapy of cancers. (2006)

5551 The existence of a new metabolism in the aminosteroid series in fish was suggested, after the isolation of squalamine from the shark. Squalamine is a product of condensation of 24-sulfo-7,24 cholestane diol and spermidine in the C-3 position of the sterol. The squalamine and its analogues are currently evaluated for the treatment of small cell lung cancer, breast and ovaries cancers. We discovered the existence of such a metabolism in the mammals by identifying a new aminosteroid that we named “dendrogenine A (DA)” (World Patent 2003/089449). The aim of the present study was to characterize the biological properties of DA and to determine whether DA displays anti-tumor activity. We showed that in vitro nanomolar concentrations of DA stimulate the differentiation of monocytes into dendritic-like cells that activate the T Lymphocyte response. We have tested the antitumor activity of DA on syngenic mammary tumors (TS/A) injected subcutaneous on the flanc of normal mice and observed that DA (2.5 μg DA/ kg) can control 60% of the growth of tumors after 30 days, while such effect was not observed when similar experiment was performed on athymic mice, confirming that T Lymphocytes are important actors of the antitumor activity of DA. Because no tumor antigenes were injected, we investigated whether DA could also affect tumor cells. TS/A cells treated with DA were shown to produce multivesicular bodies in their cytoplasm and to express major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) of class II, suggesting that DA-treated cells produce tumor antigenes that are presented by MHC to T lymphocytes. Similar results were obtained on B16F10 melanoma cells treated by DA in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, we have identified a new aminosteroid metabolite that displays a dual anti-tumor mechanism of action by activating the T lymphocyte response through its action on dendritic cells and by inducing the recognition of the tumor cells by T lymphocytes.
Second-harmonic generation from rubbed ferroelectric liquid crystal mesogenic monolayer surfaces (2003)

We have designed self-assembled monolayers of molecules containing a ferroelectric liquid crystal mesogen attached to a glass surface through an alkane chain. After mechanical rubbing these layers induce a single domain in a cell containing a high-polarization achiral liquid crystal in the smectic-C phase. We have used optical second-harmonic generation to demonstrate that this behavior is explained by rubbing-induced in-plane anisotropy of the angular distribution function that describes the ensemble of mesogenic units. The surface order parameter is 0.094, a substantial fraction of what has been observed for rubbed polymeric alignment layers.