gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proposal of cleanliness evaluation method of CMP pad, and investigation of cleaning effect by the high-pressure jet (2015)

This study is associated with pad conditioning using a high-pressure jet. The high-pressure jet is expected as a non- destructive conditioning method to achieve excellent pad cleaning and the long pad life. However, it is necessary to indicate the extent of the effect quantitatively in order to demonstrate the effect of conditioning. In this study, the authors proposed a method to evaluate pad cleanliness quantitatively by counting pores and debris on the pad surface. Cleanliness is one of the parameters representing the surface properties of the pad. Furthermore, the authors investigated the effect of cleaning by the high-pressure jet in accordance with the proposed method. As a result, it was possible to distinguish the difference of the cleaning effect quantitatively according to the difference of cleaning condition parameters. The results of this study can be applied to the evaluation of pad conditioning effect, and are useful for such as optimization of pad conditioning.
Atto‐Joule, high‐speed, low‐loss plasmonic modulator based on adiabatic coupled waveguides (2018)

Abstract In atomic multi‐level systems, adiabatic elimination (AE) is a method used to minimize complicity of the system by eliminating irrelevant and strongly coupled levels by detuning them from one another. Such a three‐level system, for instance, can be mapped onto physically in the form of a three‐waveguide system. Actively detuning the coupling strength between the respective waveguide modes allows modulating light to propagate through the device, as proposed here. The outer waveguides act as an effective two‐photonic‐mode system similar to ground and excited states of a three‐level atomic system, while the center waveguide is partially plasmonic. In AE regime, the amplitude of the middle waveguide oscillates much faster when compared to the outer waveguides leading to a vanishing field build up. As a result, the plasmonic intermediate waveguide becomes a “dark state,” hence nearly zero decibel insertion loss is expected with modulation depth (extinction ratio) exceeding 25 dB. Here, the modulation mechanism relies on switching this waveguide system from a critical coupling regime to AE condition via electrostatically tuning the free‐carrier concentration and hence the optical index of a thin indium thin oxide (ITO) layer resides in the plasmonic center waveguide. This alters the effective coupling length and the phase mismatching condition thus modulating in each of its outer waveguides. Our results also promise a power consumption as low as 49.74aJ/bit. Besides, we expected a modulation speed of 160 GHz reaching to millimeter wave range applications. Such anticipated performance is a direct result of both the unity‐strong tunability of the plasmonic optical mode in conjunction with utilizing ultra‐sensitive modal coupling between the critically coupled and the AE regimes. When taken together, this new class of modulators paves the way for next generation both for energy and speed conscience optical short‐reach communication such as those found in interconnects.
Superconductor to Insulator Transition Tuned by Random Gauge Fields (2015)

Typically the disorder that alters the interference of particle waves to produce Anderson localization is potential scattering from randomly placed impurities. Here we show that disorder in the form of random gauge fields that act directly on particle phases can also drive localization. We present evidence of a superfluid bose glass to insulator transition at a critical level of this gauge field disorder in a nano-patterned array of amorphous Bi islands. This transition shows signs of metallic transport near the critical point characterized by a resistance of order 0.5 h/4e^2 , indicative of a quantum phase transition. The critical disorder also depends on interisland coupling in agreement with recent Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, these experiments are uniquely connected to theory because they employ a method for controlling a disorder parameter that coincides directly with a term that appears in model Hamiltonians. This correspondence will enable further high fidelity comparisons between theoretical and experimental studies of disorder effects on quantum critical systems.
Pathogenesis and Treatment of the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome (1996)

The adult respiratory distress syndrome is an acute clinical illness characterized by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema and refractory hypoxemia. Injury to the alveolar-capillary barrier and lung inflammation lead to intrapulmonary shunting of blood, surfactant depletion, and pulmonary vascular obstruction. Numerous mediators contribute to the pathologic response. Conventional therapy includes treating underlying causes and positive pressure mechanical ventilation. Concern about pressure-induced lung injury had led to new strategies to accomplish adequate gas exchange. Novel therapeutic interventions have included extracorporeal support techniques, use of compounds designed to neutralize proinflammatory cytokines, and administration of surfactants, but these efforts have not definitely affected mortality in randomized trials. Potent antioxidant agents have shown promise in animal models of acute lung injury, but human studies are lacking. Inhaled nitric oxide appears to have temporary effects on pulmonary artery pressure and on ventilation or perfusion relationships, but longer-term efficacy and safety in patients suffering from adult respiratory distress syndrome is unknown and awaits results of ongoing clinical trials.
Virtual Screening and Biological Evaluation of Inhibitors Targeting the XPA-ERCC1 Interaction (2012)

NER is a major factor in acquiring resistance to platinum-based therapy. Regulating the NER pathway has the potential of improving the efficacy of platinum treatments. One approach that we followed is to inhibit the essential interaction between the two NER elements, ERCC1 and XPA. Here, we performed virtual screening against the ERCC1-XPA interaction and identified novel inhibitors that block the XPA-ERCC1 binding. The identified inhibitors significantly sensitized colon cancer cells to UV radiation indicating a strong inhibition of the ERCC1-XPA interaction.
Characterization of High Molecular Weight Amyloid A Proteins (1991)

Human amyloid A protein (AA) is usually composed of the NH2-terminal 76 amino acid residue of serum amyloid A protein (SAA), although lower and higher molecular weight fragments have been reported. We studied the primary structure of six AA proteins with molecular weights of 11 kDA-15kDA, as determined by SDS-PAGE. Automated Edman degradation of the intact purified proteins and sequence analysis of enzymatic peptides revealed that the AA proteins were composed of only 74 to 87 residues. Moreover, fragments of apolipoprotein E or histones 2a, 3 and 4 were associated with these AA molecules. Thus, AA heterogeneity may reflect diverse processing of the SAA precursor and a very close association with other proteins.
The SUF iron–sulfur cluster biosynthetic machinery: Sulfur transfer from the SUFS–SUFE complex to SUFA (2007)

Iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis depends on protein machineries, such as the ISC and SUF systems. The reaction is proposed to imply binding of sulfur and iron atoms and assembly of the cluster within a scaffold protein followed by transfer of the cluster to recipient apoproteins. The SufA protein from Escherichia coli, used here as a model scaffold protein is competent for binding sulfur atoms provided by the SufS-SufE cysteine desulfurase system covalently as shown by mass spectrometry. Investigation of site-directed mutants and peptide mapping experiments performed on digested sulfurated SufA demonstrate that binding exclusively occurs at the three conserved cysteines (cys50, cys114, cys116). In contrast, it binds iron only weakly (K(a)=5 x 10(5)M(-1)) and not specifically to the conserved cysteines as shown by Mössbauer spectroscopy. [Fe-S] clusters, characterized by Mössbauer spectroscopy, can be assembled during reaction of sulfurated SufA with ferrous iron in the presence of a source of electrons.
Temporal and Spectral Multiplexing for High-harmonic Multibeam Ptychography in the Extreme Ultraviolet (2022)

Multiple beam ptychographic imaging with an extreme ultraviolet high harmonic light source is demonstrated through simultaneous spectral and temporal multiplexing. This method is experimentally straightforward to implement and ideal for hyperspectral functional imaging of nanosystems
Memory-Friendly Segmentation Refinement for Video-Based Point Cloud Compression (2021)

Recently finalized, the MPEG Video-based Point Cloud Compression (V-PCC) standard leverages existing video codecs to compress point clouds. This approach relies on existing video coding hardware accelerators to enable its fast adoption. However, the processing steps to project 3D point clouds into 2D frames still have a considerable complexity. Thus, we propose two modifications to TMC2, V-PCC’s test model, considering the memory access pattern: one reducing unnecessary memory allocation and the other increasing data locality through a set of pre-processing steps. Our approach achieved up to 46.31% encoding self-time reduction without changing the resulting bitstream. This paper also provides an analysis of our implementation that may help future V-PCC codecs achieve real-time encoding.
Pepsin-catalysed addition of water to a ketomethylene peptide isostere: observation of the tetrahedral species by 13C-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (1985)

Conference Article| December 01 1985 Pepsin-catalysed addition of water to a ketomethylene peptide isostere: observation of the tetrahedral species by 13C-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy MARK W. HOLLADAY; MARK W. HOLLADAY *School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin — Madison, 425 N. Charter St., Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar FRANCESCO G. SALITURO; FRANCESCO G. SALITURO *School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin — Madison, 425 N. Charter St., Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar PAUL G. SCHMIDT; PAUL G. SCHMIDT †Vestar Research Inc., 939 East Walnut St., Pasadena, CA 91106, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar DANIEL H. RICH DANIEL H. RICH ‡ *School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin — Madison, 425 N. Charter St., Madison, WI 53706, U.S.A. ‡To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1985) 13 (6): 1046–1048. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0131046 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation MARK W. HOLLADAY, FRANCESCO G. SALITURO, PAUL G. SCHMIDT, DANIEL H. RICH; Pepsin-catalysed addition of water to a ketomethylene peptide isostere: observation of the tetrahedral species by 13C-nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Biochem Soc Trans 1 December 1985; 13 (6): 1046–1048. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0131046 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1985 Biochemical Society1985 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Bronchodilator activity of the combination of salbutamol hemisuccinate and methatropium iodide compared with monotherapy in preclinical studies (2015)

The aim of the study was to investigate the bronchodilator activity of the new combined drug with the effect of the agonist β<sub>2</sub> - adrenergic receptor and blocker M-cholinergic receptors compared with monotherapy in preclinical studies. <i>In vitro</i> model of methacholine-induced constriction of smooth muscle in isolated guinea pig trachea was used to compare the effect of a combination of salbutamol hemisuccinate and mehtatropium iodide in various dosages with the monocomponents. It is shown that average concentration of efficiency of salbutamol hemisuccinate is 10<sup>-9</sup> M. Relaxation contracture begins at entry to the incubation medium solution with a concentration of 10<sup>-12</sup> M, and with the introduction of the solution 10<sup>-4</sup> M observed 100% relaxation. Average concentration of efficiency of methatropium iodide that provides relaxation contracture is 10<sup>-6</sup> M. <b>In the study of the combination:</b> salbutamol hemisuccinate 1/2 + methatropium iodide (salbutamol dose was reduced by 2 times and it was equivalent to the relation: 50 micrograms of salbutamol hemisuccinate + 40 micrograms of methatropium iodide) was proved that the relaxation of smooth muscles begins with adding the solution into the incubation medium at a concentration 10<sup>-14</sup> M. The average effective concentration of this combination is 10<sup>-12</sup> M and it shows a significant advantage over monotherapy. <b>Conclusion:</b><i>in vitro</i> study of methacholine-induced contraction of smooth muscle in isolated guinea pig trachea has shown that the new drug contains combination of salbutamol hemisuccinate and methatropium iodide at lower doses of salbutamol were significantly more effective than monotherapy.
Coordination of multiple eNBs using short-term channel information (2014)

This paper demonstrates if the utilization of short-term channel information, i.e. channel state information (CSI) feedback, is beneficial in the coordination of multiple evolved Node Bs (eNBs) even with the practical non-ideal backhaul. Two CSI feedback delivery schemes, namely user equipment-specific and cell-specific CSI process configuration schemes, are addressed and compared. From the comparison, it is observed that the cell-specific CSI process configuration scheme exhibits acceptable performance with small overheads. Based on the cell-specific CSI process configuration, it is shown that the short-term channel information conveyance through the non-ideal backhaul is factually feasible. In addition, simulation results comparing performance of the inter-eNB coordinated multi point (CoMP) operations with short-term/long-term channel information and only with long-term channel information, verify that the use of the short-term channel information is advantageous. Finally, a signaling model for inter-eNB CoMP using short-term/long-term channel information is illustrated based on the X2 application protocol.
A selectivity factor in vapor‐phase hydrocarbon oxidation catalysis (1963)

Abstract Theoretical and experimental work is described which leads to a novel hypothesis for explaining the selectivity in heterogeneous vapor phase hydrocarbon oxidation catalysis. Two essential postulates of the hypothesis are: The oxygen atoms must be distributed on the surface of a selective oxidation catalyst in an arrangement which provides for limitation of the number of active oxygen atoms in various isolated groups. The metal‐oxygen bond energy of the active oxygen atoms, at the conditions of reaction, must be in a range where rapid removal (hydrocarbon oxidation) and addition (regeneration by oxygen) is assured. Monte Carlo methods are used to illustrate the distribution of isolated sites on catalytic surfaces under the dynamic conditions of hydrocarbon oxidation reactions. Differences in catalyst and process requirements between oxidation processes operating in an overall oxidizing or reducing atmosphere are discussed.
Analytical design of optimal regulators for non-classic quality functionals in a degenerate formulation (2021)

Abstract The paper considers the problem of analytical design of optimal controllers in the most general formulation for nonlinear plants with affinely (linearly and additively) input states and/or controls. On the basis of a new approach to approximately optimal control synthesis, a generalized theory of analytical design of optimal controllers is being developed. The main theorems are formulated; new concrete forms of non-classical quality functionals are obtained.
Compressed Cache-Oblivious String B-Tree (2016)

In this article, we study three variants of the well-known prefix-search problem for strings, and we design solutions for the cache-oblivious model which improve the best known results. Among these contributions, we close (asymptotically) the classic problem, which asks for the detection of the set of strings that share the longest common prefix with a queried pattern by providing an I/O-optimal solution that matches the space lower bound for tries up to a constant multiplicative factor of the form (1 + ϵ), for ϵ &gt; 0. Our solutions hinge upon a novel compressed storage scheme that adds the ability to decompress prefixes of the stored strings I/O-optimally to the elegant locality-preserving front coding (Bender et al. 2006) still preserving its space bounds.
Spectroscopic and Computational Investigation of Room-Temperature Decomposition of a Chemical Warfare Agent Simulant on Polycrystalline Cupric Oxide (2017)

Certain organophosphorus molecules are infamous due to their use as highly toxic nerve agents. The filtration materials currently in common use for protection against chemical warfare agents were designed before organophosphorus compounds were used as chemical weapons. A better understanding of the surface chemistry between simulant molecules and the individual filtration-material components is a critical precursor to the development of more effective materials for filtration, destruction, decontamination, and/or sensing of nerve agents. Here, we report on the surface adsorption and reactions of a sarin simulant molecule, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), with cupric oxide surfaces. In situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron and infrared spectroscopies are coupled with density functional calculations to propose mechanisms for DMMP decomposition on CuO. We find extensive room temperature decomposition of DMMP on CuO, with the majority of decomposition fragments bound to the CuO surface. We observe breaking of PO–CH3, P–OCH3, and P–CH3 bonds at room temperature. On the basis of these results, we identify specific DMMP decomposition mechanisms not seen on other metal oxides. Participation of lattice oxygen in the decomposition mechanism leads to significant changes in chemical and electronic surface environment, which are manifest in the spectroscopic and computational data. This study establishes a computational baseline for the study of highly toxic organophosphorous compounds on metal oxide surfaces.
T cell development in mice expressing splice variants of the protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 (1997)

The transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase CD45 is expressed in multiple isoforms as a result of alternative splicing of variable exons encoding the extracellular domain. CD45 expression is critical for T cell development, and thymocyte maturation is blocked at the immature CD4+ CD8+ double-positive stage in CD45 gene-deficient (CD45 -/-) mice. Moreover, splicing of variable CD45 exons changes during thymocyte selection. To test the role of CD45 extracellular splice variants in T cell selection and development, we introduced CD45RO (a low-m.w. splice variant lacking exons 4, 5, and 6) and CD45ABC (a high-m.w. isoform containing all exons) transgenes under the control of a thymocyte-specific promoter into a CD45 -/- background, generating CD45RO transgene-positive CD45 -/- (CD45RO) and CD45ABC transgene-positive CD45 -/- (CD45ABC) mice. We demonstrate that both CD45 splice isoforms can rescue development of CD4+ and CD8+ TCR-alphabeta+ thymocytes. Neither CD45 isoform rescued positive selection of H-Y TCR transgene thymocytes, and these cells were blocked at a HSA(high) CD69- CD5(low) stage of development. Peripheral T cells from CD45RO and CD45ABC mice proliferated in response to allogeneic stimulator cells and anti-CD3epsilon cross-linking. However, only CD45RO mice, not CD45ABC mice, generated cytotoxic T cell responses and neutralizing, Th cell-dependent IgG Abs after viral infections. In addition, we show that T cells from CD45RO and CD45ABC mice accumulate in lymph nodes but not in the spleen, liver, or skin, indicating that the CD45 phosphatase may control the homing behavior and trafficking of T cells.
In Vitro , Ex Vivo , and In Vivo Activities of Diamidines against Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma vivax (2020)

ABSTRACT African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is caused by the tsetse fly-transmitted protozoans Trypanosoma congolense and T. vivax and leads to huge agricultural losses throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Three drugs are available to treat nagana in cattle (diminazene diaceturate, homidium chloride, and isometamidium chloride). With increasing reports of drug-resistant populations, new molecules should be investigated as potential candidates to combat nagana. Dicationic compounds have been demonstrated to have excellent efficacy against different kinetoplastid parasites. This study therefore evaluated the activities of 37 diamidines, using in vitro and ex vivo drug sensitivity assays. The 50% inhibitory concentrations obtained ranged from 0.007 to 0.562 μg/ml for T. congolense and from 0.019 to 0.607 μg/ml for T. vivax . On the basis of these promising results, 33 of these diamidines were further examined using in vivo mouse models of infection. Minimal curative doses of 1.25 mg/kg of body weight for both T. congolense - and T. vivax -infected mice were seen when the diamidines were administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) over 4 consecutive days. From these observations, 15 of these 33 diamidines were then further tested in vivo , using a single bolus dose for administration. The total cure of mice infected with T. congolense and T. vivax was seen with single i.p. doses of 5 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively. This study identified a selection of diamidines which could be considered lead compounds for the treatment of nagana.
Imaging and molecular biomarkers: a novel approach to screen populations at risk of pulmonary fibrosis? (2016)

An estimated 90 million subjects in the USA have a history of smoking, and are therefore at risk of developing smoke-related lung diseases including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and pulmonary fibrosis. An ageing population, the lack of effective diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, and the modest impact of smoking cessation strategies largely explain why chronic lower respiratory diseases are presently a leading cause of death in the US adult population [1]. In 2014, a US National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute task force concluded that effective primary and secondary prevention of chronic lung diseases will require focused efforts to determine risk factors and characterise early-stage disease in at-risk groups. Additionally, development of surrogate measures such as imaging and molecular biomarkers are required to support the design of randomised clinical trials to test chronic lung disease preventive strategies [2]. LDCT lung cancer screening in smokers may detect subclinical COPD and pulmonary fibrosis <http://ow.ly/zfOq304aWy5>