gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Electroluminescent Properties of OLED Green Dopants Based on BODIPY Derivatives (2014)

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on the small organic molecules have gained remarkable attention for display and solid-state lighting applications over the last few years due to their well-defined molecular structures, facile syntheses and modifications, and specific structure-property correlations. One approach that has been used to improve the efficiency of the OLED devices in term of brightness and stability is the introducing of the highly fluorescent organic guest dopants into the host materials to obtain the full color display. Therefore, there is still a need for the development of new dopants with good color purity, stability and high efficiency. Difluoroboradiaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) represents an outstanding class of fluorophore with high quantum yield, large molar absorption coefficient, high chemical, thermal and photophysical stability. The development of new BODIPY derivatives has become a booming of research due to their potential applications in luminescent devices, chemical sensors, biological labeling, and photovoltaic cells. Major efforts have been devoted to obtain the welldesigned BODIPY structures by modifying of the pyrrole core, fusing some aromatic rings to the BODIPY core, and replacing the 8-carbon atom with a nitrogen atom to form aza-BODIPY. The incorporation of boron element into the π-conjugated framework may lead to the appearance of unique electronic and photophysical properties. Recently, we have successfully explored some green dopants based on arylamine 2,3-disubstituted bithiophene derivatives for OLEDs. In the course of our ongoing studies, herein we wish to report the novel green dopants based on BODIPY and two different arylamine moieties with good overall performance in the multilayer device (Figure 1). In the design of the target molecules 5a–b (Figure 1), the outstanding fluorescent BODIPY core was fused with different arylamine moieties which were expected to enhance the light emitting efficiency through the extension of the
Suitable Submodule Switch Rating for Medium Voltage Modular Multilevel Converter Design (2018)

An important step in Voltage-Source Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) design is the selection of adequate semiconductor blocking voltage class. This paper highlights that particularly for grid connected medium voltage applications, the choice of suitable switch blocking voltage class is not so straightforward. The market available switch voltage ratings results in a discrete integer relationship for the number of submodules (N) with a fixed dc link voltage. This is shown to introduce interesting design trade-offs in consideration to investment costs, required capacitance for reasonable ripple voltage, submodule redundancy requirements, conduction & switching losses. Using the example of a 10 MVA half bridge MMC connected to a 10 kV grid, it is shown that 1.7 kV and 3.3 kV insulated gate bipolar transitors (IGBTs) can be possible choices as compared to 1.2 kV, 4.5 kV and 6.5 kV blocking voltage.
Data Supplement from Comprehensive Biomarker Analysis and Final Efficacy Results of Sorafenib in the BATTLE Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Gene sets associated with resistance.&lt;/p&gt;
Bidirectional bistability in n-p-n Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si structures (1988)

Several structures of n-Si/p-Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//n-Si double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) with strained thin base, fabricated by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), are described. Negative differential resistance (NDR) phenomena-a strong and symmetric bidirectional bistability modulated by base bias, together with a multistep characteristic in collector current versus emitter-collector bias voltage in the devices with very thin base-were observed at room temperature. The physical origins are analyzed. The results are compared with the characteristics of n-Ga/sub 1-x/A1/sub x/As/p-GaAs/n-GaAs single HBTs (SHBTs).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Small molecule inhibitor screening identifified HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as potential therapeutic agent for gallbladder cancer (2017)

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal cancer with poor prognosis associated with high invasiveness and poor response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. New therapeutic approaches are urgently needed in order to improve survival and response rates of GBC patients. We screened 130 small molecule inhibitors on a panel of seven GBC cell lines and identified the HSP90 inhibitor 17-AAG as one of the most potent inhibitory drugs across the different lines. We tested the antitumor efficacy of 17-AAG and geldanamycin (GA) in vitro and in a subcutaneous preclinical tumor model NOD-SCID mice. We also evaluated the expression of HSP90 by immunohistochemistry in human GBC tumors.In vitro assays showed that 17-AAG and GA significantly reduced the expression of HSP90 target proteins, including EGFR, AKT, phospho-AKT, Cyclin B1, phospho-ERK and Cyclin D1. These molecular changes were consistent with reduced cell viability and cell migration and promotion of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis observed in our in vitro studies.In vivo, 17-AAG showed efficacy in reducing subcutaneous tumors size, exhibiting a 69.6% reduction in tumor size in the treatment group compared to control mice (p < 0.05).The HSP90 immunohistochemical staining was seen in 182/209 cases of GBC (87%) and it was strongly expressed in 70 cases (33%), moderately in 58 cases (28%), and weakly in 54 cases (26%).Our pre-clinical observations strongly suggest that the inhibition of HSP90 function by HSP90 inhibitors is a promising therapeutic strategy for gallbladder cancer that may benefit from new HSP90 inhibitors currently in development.
Microfluidic Autologous Serum Eye-Drops Preparation as a Potential Dry Eye Treatment (2016)

Dry eye is a problem in tearing quality and/or quantity and it afflicts millions of persons worldwide. An autologous serum eye-drop is a good candidate for dry eye treatment; however, the eye-drop preparation procedures take a long time and are relatively troublesome. Here we use spiral microchannels to demonstrate a strategy for the preparation of autologous serum eye-drops, which provide benefits for all dry eye patients; 100% and 90% removal efficiencies are achieved for 10 μm microbeads and whole human blood cells, respectively. Since our strategy allows researchers to integrate other functional microchannels into one device, such a microfluidic device will be able to offer a new one-step preparation system for autologous serum eye-drops.
Power constrained sensor sample selection for improved form factor and lifetime in localized BANs (2012)

Wearable sensing systems are paving the way for significant advances in diagnosis, preventative healthcare and tele-healthcare, by facilitating a variety of wireless health applications for medical signal and diagnostic monitoring and assessment. However, the considerable spatial and temporal sampling for multiple sensed modalities that enable these applications, also makes them power hungry, requiring large, heavy power supplies, and leading to a tradeoff between usability and lifetime. We propose a sampling algorithm to overcome this trade-off by capitalizing on the spatio-temporal redundancy inherent to Body Area Networks owing to their localized nature, as well as, assessing sample relevance based on its contribution to the predicted diagnostic(s). Our approach improves energy-efficiency and raises contextual sample quality, by tackling sample selection simultaneously in the spatial and temporal domains, yielding improved diagnostic accuracy under power-constraints. We present our algorithm in the context of diagnostics gleaned from a foot plantar pressure measurement platform and illustrate its efficacy based on real datasets collected by the platform.
6‐Shogaol is more effective than 6‐gingerol and curcumin in inhibiting 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol 13‐acetate‐induced tumor promotion in mice (2010)

We previously reported that 6-shogaol strongly suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced overexpression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in murine macrophages. In this study, we further compared curcumin, 6-gingerol, and 6-shogaol's molecular mechanism of action and their anti-tumor properties. We demonstrate that topical application of 6-shogaol more effectively inhibited 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated transcription of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA expression in mouse skin than curcumin and 6-gingerol. Pretreatment with 6-shogaol has resulted in the reduction of TPA-induced nuclear translocation of the nuclear factor-kappaB subunits. 6-Shogaol also reduced TPA-induced phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha and p65, and caused subsequent degradation of IkappaBalpha. Moreover, 6-shogaol markedly suppressed TPA-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulate kinase1/2, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, JNK1/2, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, which are upstream of nuclear factor-kappaB and AP-1. Furthermore, 6-shogaol significantly inhibited 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene/TPA-induced skin tumor formation measured by the tumor multiplicity of papillomas at 20 wk. Presented data reveal for the first time that 6-shogaol is an effective anti-tumor agent that functions by down-regulating inflammatory iNOS and COX-2 gene expression in mouse skin. It is suggested that 6-shogaol is a novel functional agent capable of preventing inflammation-associated tumorigenesis.
From design to the clinic: practical guidelines for translating cardiovascular nanomedicine (2018)

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) account for nearly half of all deaths in Europe and almost 30% of global deaths. Despite the improved clinical management, cardiovascular mortality is predicted to rise in the next decades due to the increasing impact of aging, obesity, and diabetes. The goal of emerging cardiovascular nanomedicine is to reduce the burden of CVD using nanoscale medical products and devices. However, the development of novel multicomponent nano-sized products poses multiple technical, ethical, and regulatory challenges, which often obstruct their road to successful approval and use in clinical practice. This review discusses the rational design of nanoparticles, including safety considerations and regulatory issues, and highlights the steps needed to achieve efficient clinical translation of promising nanomedicinal products for cardiovascular applications.
Electromagnetic sensitivity analysis of RF gas micro/nano-breakdown (2014)

RF gas micro-breakdown occurs in the presence of electric field in the order of 10s of V/μm. In addition to gas type, pressure and temperature, the breakdown field also depends on several microscopic parameters such as the secondary electron emission coefficient and the field enhancement factor. In this paper, the effects of these parameters on the electromagnetic properties of micro-plasma regions in different RF discharge regimes are evaluated. It is shown that the breakdown voltage and the characteristics of the resulting plasma are almost independent of these parameters in the diffusion-controlled region while the situation is different in the boundary-controlled area.
Additional remarks (1981)

J. Haber, G. C. Bond, J. C. Volta and R. K. Grasselli, Faraday Discuss. Chem. Soc., 1981, 72, 421 DOI: 10.1039/DC9817200421
Aqueous-Phase Acetic Acid Ketonization over Monoclinic Zirconia (2017)

Heterogeneous catalysis in the aqueous phase is paramount to the catalytic conversion of renewable biomass resources to transportation fuels and useful chemicals. To gain fundamental insights into how the aqueous phase affects catalytic reactions over solid catalysts, vapor- and aqueous-phase acetic acid ketonization over a monoclinic zirconia (m-ZrO2) catalyst had been comparatively investigated using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The monoclinic zirconia was modeled by the most stable ZrO2(1̅11) surface structure. The aqueous phase consisted of 111 explicit water molecules with a density of 0.93 g/cm3. The AIMD simulation results reveal that the aqueous phase/ZrO2(1̅11) interface is highly dynamic. At the typical reaction temperature of 550 K, ∼67% 6-fold-coordinated Zr6c Lewis acidic sites are occupied by either water molecules or hydroxyls, while all 2-fold-coordinated O2c sites are protonated as hydroxyls. As a result, it is expected that there are limited active sites on the ZrO2(1̅11) surface for acetic acid adsorption in the aqueous phase. Acetic acid ketonization on the ZrO2(1̅11) surface in both vapor and aqueous phases is assumed to be proceeded via the β-keto acid intermediate. In the vapor phase, an alternative Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism in which the neighboring coadsorbed acetic acid and dianion can directly combine together and form the CH3COOHCH2COO* intermediate is identified as the more feasible pathway than the traditional C–C coupling step via the combination of acyl and dianion. In the aqueous phase, our DFT results demonstrate that water molecules actively participate in the deprotonation and protonation steps via the Grotthuss proton transfer mechanism. Furthermore, our results suggest that an Eley–Rideal mechanism pathway for the formation of the β-keto acid intermediate is feasible in the aqueous phase on the basis of the observed energetic analysis. However, the low availability of dianion is also a key factor that inhibits the ketonization reaction in the aqueous phase. The effects of dynamic aqueous phase on the key surface reaction steps are further confirmed by sampling different reaction configurations from AIMD trajectories.
The Dienyl Pauson–Khand Reaction (2003)

Die Dien-Einheit spielt die Schlüsselrolle bei der Beschleunigung intramolekularer [2+2+1]-Pauson-Khand-Reaktionen von Dieninen (siehe Schema). In Gegenwart von Kohlenmonoxid, [RhCl(CO)(PPh3)2] und AgSbF6 reagieren Dienine mit guten bis ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten und – im Unterschied zu vergleichbaren Eninen – oft bereits bei Raumtemperatur.
Thermal modelling of multi-finger AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2006)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are very promising for high power applications at microwave frequencies. The heterostructures are usually grown on SiC or sapphire substrates. Sapphire substrates are relatively cheap, but their low thermal conductivity is a major disadvantage. To improve the thermal performance, a hybrid integration of the HEMT onto an AlN carrier substrate is proposed. In this study we compare two different hybrid integration schemes for multi-finger HEMTs: a flip-chip integration and an integration where the sapphire substrate is removed by laser lift-off. The two structured are compared using finite element analysis. After experimental validation of the modelling, both structures are thermally optimized.
Energy-efficient Active Silicon Photonic Components (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. V. Krishnamoorthy, "Energy-efficient Active Silicon Photonic Components," in Advanced Photonics for Communications, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optical Society of America, 2014), paper JT2B.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
New Antibacterial Agents Derived from the DNA Gyrase Inhibitor Cyclothialidine (2004)

Cyclothialidine (1, Ro 09-1437) is a potent DNA gyrase inhibitor that was isolated from Streptomyces filipinensis NR0484 and is a member of a new family of natural products. It acts by competitively inhibiting the ATPase activity exerted by the B subunit of DNA gyrase but barely exhibits any growth inhibitory activity against intact bacterial cells, presumably due to insufficient permeation of the cytoplasmic membrane. To explore the antibacterial potential of 1, we developed a flexible synthetic route allowing for the systematic modification of its structure. From a first set of analogues, structure-activity relationships (SAR) were established for different substitution patterns, and the 14-hydroxylated, bicyclic core (X) of 1 seemed to be the structural prerequisite for DNA gyrase inhibitory activity. The variation of the lactone ring size, however, revealed that activity can be found among 11- to 16-membered lactones, and even seco-analogues were shown to maintain some enzyme inhibitory properties, thereby reducing the minimal structural requirements to a rather simple, hydroxylated benzyl sulfide (XI). On the basis of these "minimal structures" a modification program afforded a number of inhibitors that showed in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria. The best activities were displayed by 14-membered lactones, and representatives of this subclass exhibit excellent and broad in vitro antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococcus faecalis, and overcome resistance against clinically used drugs. By improving the pharmacokinetic properties of the most active compounds (94, 97), in particular by lowering their lipophilic properties, we were able to identify congeners of cyclothialidine (1) that showed efficacy in vivo.
High-output-power and high-temperature operation of blue GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (2018)

High output power values of 15.7 mW at 20 °C and 2.7 mW at 110 °C were obtained from a blue GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under continuous-wave operation as a result of introducing a long-cavity (10λ) structure. The threshold current and voltage at 20 °C were 4.5 mA and 5.1 V, respectively. Owing to the reduced thermal resistance provided by the long-cavity structure and the adjusted reflectivity of the front cavity mirror, this VCSEL also exhibited a high slope efficiency of 0.87 W/A, a differential quantum efficiency of 31%, and a wall-plug efficiency of 8.9%.
Shear strength of aggregates compared with bulk soil of two haploxerolls from Chile (2013)

Shear strength of aggregates and the bulk soil matrix in two Haploxeroll of central Chile was assessed in order to determine: (1) the effect of previous tillage on shear parameters between aggregates and in the soil matrix and (2) the effects of structure development on differences between dry-wet mechanical parameters. Undisturbed soil cylinders and single aggregates (0-10 cm layer) were collected from untilled and conventionally tilled sites in the Santiago (STG) and Mapocho Soil Series (MPC). General soil properties and shear parameters were determined. The shear tests were conducted on confined and free-draining aggregates and on soil cores, equilibrated at field capacity and air-dried, to obtain data on cohesion and angle of internal friction in the samples. Dry aggregates from the tilled sites showed 40 and 70% greater cohesion compared to untilled sites in STG and MPC soils, respectively, associated with a decrease in coarse porosity in the STG soil and a decrease in organic matter in the MPC soil, thus reducing its friability. In air-dried condition, aggregates from untilled sites developed 6-7 fold strength compared with soil matrix and the difference increased (9-13 fold) in samples from tilled sites. Undisturbed soil cores showed higher friction values when air-dried (68 in average, compared with 43 in individual aggregates), but at -33kPa water tension the tendency was reversed. The results of this study confirm that smaller differences between wet and dry behaviour are associated with better structural development and lower tillage intensity.
The Impact of Carpal Tunnel Release on Two-Point Discrimination, Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score and Distal Motor Latency – A Multi-centre Prospective Study (2022)

Background: The authors conducted a prospective, multi-centre study to assess the impact of carpal tunnel release (CTR) on Two-Point Discrimination (2-PD), Quick Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder and Hand Score (Q-DASH), and Distal Motor Latency (DL). The primary aim was to determine the change in outcome measurements (2-PD, Q-DASH and DL) preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months and 1 year. The secondary aims of the study were to determine whether the postoperative outcomes were different at the 6-month and 1-year follow-up and if there was difference in outcomes based on the preoperative severity of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Methods: A total of 205 hands in 171 patients underwent CTR at five hospitals over a 2-year period. A total of 110 hands in 94 patients were followed-up and analysed. The 2-PD, Q-DASH and DL were measured for all patients preoperatively and at 6 months and 1 year postoperatively. Patients were divided into two groups ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ based on pre-operative DL score (mild ≤ 8.1 msec). The change in preoperative and postoperative 2-PD, Q-DASH and DL values were compared. The change in pre-operative and post-operative 2-PD and Q-DASH values were also compared between the ‘mild’ and ‘severe’ groups. Results: The 2-PD, Q-DASH and DL showed significant improvement at 6-month and 1-year follow-ups compared to pre-operative values. However, there were no significant differences in all three parameters between the 6-month and 1-year measurements. There was significant improvement in preoperative and postoperative 2-PD and Q-DASH scores between the mild and severe groups. Conclusions: CTR is an effective treatment for patients with CTS with significant improvement in all three outcome parameters (2-PD, Q-DASH and DL). The improvement in outcome plateaus at 6 months and additional follow-up may not be useful. Level of Evidence: Level II (Therapeutic)
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Autologous Skin-Grafting Surgery to Prevent Esophageal Stenosis After Complete Circular Endoscopic Submucosal Tunnel Dissection for Superficial Esophageal Neoplasms. (2020)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Autologous Skin-Grafting Surgery to Prevent Esophageal Stenosis After Complete Circular Endoscopic Submucosal Tunnel Dissection for Superficial Esophageal Neoplasms.
Synthesis of Quantum Antennas for Shaping Field Correlations (2018)

In studying the practical design of a quantum antenna with given spatial correlations, the authors show that the antenna's initial quantum state is at least as important as the spatial current distributions. Applying their state-inference procedure to a simple antenna (a linear one-dimensional array of equidistant quantum dots, trapped atoms, or superconducting qubits), they synthesize the initial states to generate drastically different emitted fields, for co- and contradirectionally entangled photons, complete suppression in the far field, or a nearly homogeneous far-field distribution---pointing to a host of applications in quantum optics and photonics.