gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Successful Control of Intractable Hypoglycemia Using Rapamycin in an 86-Year-Old Man with a Pancreatic Insulin-Secreting Islet Cell Tumor and Metastases (2009)

Rapamycin may provide a useful means of abrogating tumor growth and controlling hypoglycemia in malignant insulinomas by reducing the malignant beta-cell growth and proliferation as well as inhibiting insulin production.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Analogs of Fecapentaene-12 (1987)

Analogs of the potent fecal mutagen fecapentaene-12 have been prepared and tested both for mutagenicity and for their ability to serve as biological precursors of 1. It was found that mutagenicity in three different Salmonella tester strains TA96, TA100, and TA104, decreased rapidly as the number of conjugated double bonds was reduced. The aldehyde 8, analogous to the hydrolysis product of 1, showed only low mutagenicity, even in the aldehyde-sensitive strain TA104. None of the polyenes prepared was able to function as a direct biological precursor of 1 under the conditions employed.
Novel five-coordinate iron(III) complexes produced by oxidation of square-planar (S = 1) iron(II) complexes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel five-coordinate iron(III) complexes produced by oxidation of square-planar (S = 1) iron(II) complexesD. P. Riley and D. H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 20, 3235–3241Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00188a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00188a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Overexpression in Podocytes Induces Glomerulosclerosis in Transgenic Rats (2004)

Angiotensin II (AngII) is a critical determinant of glomerular function involving both hemodynamic and pressure-independent effects that are insufficiently understood. A novel transgenic rat (TGR) model with overexpression of the human AngII type 1 receptor (hAT1) in podocytes was developed to study the consequences of an increased AT1 signaling on the structure and function of the glomerular filter. Use of the nephrin promoter to target the podocytes resulted in an expression of the hAT1 at a level roughly two times higher than the endogenous AT1 throughout life. All male TGR developed significant albuminuria starting at 8 to 15 wk of age; systolic BP was not elevated. More or less concurrently, structural changes at the glomerulus were encountered, starting with ubiquitous formation of pseudocysts at podocytes, followed by foot process effacement and local detachments. This damage progressed to nephron loss via the well known pathway typical for classic focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. The structural changes significantly correlated with age (r(2) = 0.76) and urinary albumin excretion (r(2) = 0.70). The data provide direct evidence that increased AT1 signaling in podocytes leads to protein leakage and structural podocyte damage progressing to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.
Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi), a reservoir plant for therapeutic applications: A Review (2004)

Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi or Amrita) is an important drug of Ayurvedic System of Medicine and found mention in various classical texts for the treatment of diseases such as jaundice, fever, diabetes and skin disease etc. In present times, this drug has been subjected for numerous chemicals, pharmacological, pre-clinical and clinical investigations and many new therapeutic applications have been indicated. This paper presents a critical review in areas of chemical constituents, proved pre-clinical and clinical trials along with its medicinal uses in different streams of medical sciences.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREO‐ AND REGIOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE HYDROPYRIDO(2,1,6‐DE)QUINOLIZINE LADYBUG DEFENSIVE ALKALOIDS (1984)

Abstract In der ausführlichen Untersuchung wird die Synthese der schon früher charakterisierten Alkaloide (V)‐(XI) beschrieben, die von dem aus l,5,9‐Cyclododecatrien (I) erhaltenen Perhydroboraphenalen (II) ausgeht.
Copper-Mediated Radical Trifluoromethylation of Unsaturated Potassium Organotrifluoroborates (2013)

Copper-mediated trifluoromethylation of unsaturated organotrifluoroborates with the Langlois reagent (NaSO2CF3) and TBHP allows the introduction of trifluoromethyl groups into a variety of organic substructures. The reactions are easy to set up, the conditions are mild and general, and the process provides access to trifluoromethylated alkynes, alkenes, arenes, and heteroarenes in fair to good yields.
Radiative efficiency of lead iodide based perovskite solar cells (2014)

The maximum efficiency of any solar cell can be evaluated in terms of its corresponding ability to emit light. We herein determine the important figure of merit of radiative efficiency for Methylammonium Lead Iodide perovskite solar cells and, to put in context, relate it to an organic photovoltaic (OPV) model device. We evaluate the reciprocity relation between electroluminescence and photovoltaic quantum efficiency and conclude that the emission from the perovskite devices is dominated by a sharp band-to-band transition that has a radiative efficiency much higher than that of an average OPV device. As a consequence, the perovskite have the benefit of retaining an open circuit voltage ~0.14 V closer to its radiative limit than the OPV cell. Additionally, and in contrast to OPVs, we show that the photoluminescence of the perovskite solar cell is substantially quenched under short circuit conditions in accordance with how an ideal photovoltaic cell should operate.
Melaninization Reduces Cryptococcus neoformans Susceptibility to Mechanical Stress (2022)

Abstract Melanin is a complex pigment found in various fungal species that is associated with a multitude of protective functions against environmental stresses. In Cryptococcus neoformans , melanin is synthesized from exogenous substrate and deposited in the cell wall. Although melanin is often cited as a protector against mechanical stress, there is a paucity of direct experimental data supporting this claim. To probe whether melanin enhances cellular strength, we used ultrasonic cavitation and French pressure cell press to stress cryptococcal cells and then measured changes in cellular morphology and survival for melanized and non-melanized C. neoformans . Melanized yeast exhibited lower rates of fragmentation and lower decreases in cell area when compared to non-melanized yeast after sonication and French press conditions. Our results indicate that melanization protects against some of the morphologic changes initiated by mechanical energy derived from either sonic cavitation or French press, thus supporting the notion that this pigment provides mechanical strength to fungal cell walls. Importance Melanin has been shown from prior experiments in microbiology to be associated with protection against environmental stressors and has often been cited as being associated with mechanical stress protection. However, there is a lack of direct experimentation to confirm this claim. By examining the response of melanized and non-melanized C. neoformans to sonication and French press, we report differences in outcomes dependent not only based on melanization status but also culture age. Such findings have important implications in the design and interpretation of laboratory experiments involving C. neoformans . In addition, uncovering some of melanin’s mechanical properties promotes further research into fungal melanin’s applications in healthcare and industry.
Traveling Wave GaAs/AlGaAs Electro-optic Modulators Directly Grown on Silicon (2020)

Traveling wave GaAs/AlGaAs modulators in epilayers directly grown on silicon are reported. Electrode is a loaded microstrip line shielding microwave fields from silicon substrate. Modulation bandwidth is 18.5 GHz with 1.5V-cm V π -L product.
Lung Cancer Computational Biology and Resources (2021)

Comprehensive clinical, pathological, and molecular data, when appropriately integrated with advanced computational approaches, are transforming the way we characterize and study lung cancer. Clinically, cancer registry and publicly available historical clinical trial data enable retrospective analyses to examine how socioeconomic factors, patient demographics, and cancer characteristics affect treatment and outcome. Pathologically, digital pathology and artificial intelligence are revolutionizing histopathological image analyses, not only with improved efficiency and accuracy, but also by extracting additional information for prognostication and tumor microenvironment characterization. Genetically and molecularly, individual patient tumors and preclinical models of lung cancer are profiled by various high-throughput platforms to characterize the molecular properties and functional liabilities. The resulting multi-omics data sets and their interrogation facilitate both basic research mechanistic studies and translation of the findings into the clinic. In this review, we provide a list of resources and tools potentially valuable for lung cancer basic and translational research. Importantly, we point out pitfalls and caveats when performing computational analyses of these data sets and provide a vision of future computational biology developments that will aid lung cancer translational research.
A Parallel Sliding-Window Generator for High-Performance Digital-Signal Processing on FPGAs (2016)

Sliding-window applications, an important class of the digital-signal processing domain, are highly amenable to pipeline parallelism on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Although memory bandwidth often restricts parallelism for many applications, sliding-window applications can leverage custom buffers, referred to as sliding-window generators, that provide massive input bandwidth that far exceeds the capabilities of external memory. Previous work has introduced a variety of sliding-window generators, but those approaches typically generate at most one window per cycle, which significantly restricts parallelism. In this article, we address this limitation with a parallel sliding-window generator that can generate a configurable number of windows every cycle. Although in practice the number of parallel windows is limited by memory bandwidth, we show that even with common bandwidth limitations, the presented generator enables near-linear speedups up to 16x faster than previous FPGA studies that generate a single window per cycle, which were already in some cases faster than graphics-processing units and microprocessors.
X-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy evidence for peroxide in 1:2:3 copper oxides containing disordered or excess oxygen (1988)

The x-ray-photoelectron-spectroscopy of several layered oxides provide no Cu(2p) evidence for Cu(III), but exhibit an extra O(1s) peak where direct contact between oxygen atoms occurs within the Cu(1) planes of the ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ structure. The extra peak has a binding energy typical of that for a peroxide ion (${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$${)}^{2}$. This observation, in conformity with earlier prediction, provides compelling evidence for holes in the O 2p bands of the high-${T}_{c}$ copper-oxide superconductors.
Generation of Monodisperse Particles by Using Microfluidics: Control over Size, Shape, and Composition (2005)

Wir versäumten, in unserer Veröffentlichung die interessanten und wesentlichen Arbeiten von Gañán-Calvo et al. zu zitieren: A. M. Gañán-Calvo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 1998, 80, 285; A. M. Gañán-Calvo, J. M. Gordillo, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2001, 87, 274 501; I. G. Loscertales, A. Barrero, I. Guerrero, R. Cortijo, M. Marquez, A. M. Gañán-Calvo, Science 2002, 295, 1695. Des Weiteren möchten wir den interessierten Leser auf weitere wichtige Berichte hinweisen, z. B.: I. Cohen, H. Li, J. L. Hougland, M. Mrksich, S. R. Nagel, Science 2001, 292, 265; S. Sugiura, M. Nakajima, H. Itou, M. Seki, Macromol. Rapid. Commun. 2001, 22, 773; T. Nisisako, T. Torii, T. Higuchi, Chem. Eng. J. 2004, 101, 23. Auch wenn die Einzelheiten der Fluidphysik und die spezifischen Anwendungen in unserer Arbeit von denen in den genannten Berichten abweichen, illustrieren doch die Vorgängerarbeiten dieser Autoren den Wert von strömungsfokussierenden Systemen bei der Erzeugung hoch einheitlicher Tropfen und das Potenzial für die Verwendung dieser Tropfen in den Materialwissenschaften. Nach dem Einreichen unserer Arbeit erschienen zwei weitere Veröffentlichungen, die den Einsatz von Mikrofluidikkanälen für die In-situ-Erzeugung anisotroper polymerer Partikel dokumentieren: W. Jeong, J. Kim, S. Kim, S. Lee, G. Mensing, D. J. Beebe, Lab Chip 2004, 4, 576; D. Dendukuri, K. Tsoi, T. A. Hatton, P. S. Doyle, Langmuir 2005, 21, 2113.
Vasoconstriction and hypersensitivity to vasoactive substances after acute volume expansion in dogs. (1988)

In a search for factors contributing to the sustained blood pressure (BP) elevation in acutely volume-loaded animals, dextran dissolved in lactated Ringer's solution (20 ml/kg) was infused into 34 mongrel dogs over a period of 1 hour under pentobarbital anesthesia and changes in hemodynamic and humoral variables were monitored during its infusion and for 3 hours after its infusion. BP elevation during volume loading (from 114 +/- 3 to 128 +/- 3 [SEM] mm Hg) was attributed to an increase in cardiac output. After volume loading, some dogs maintained BP elevation whereas others did not. The former group showed an increase in total peripheral resistance, demonstrating a transformation of cardiac output to total peripheral resistance as a responsible factor in maintenance of the elevated BP. The plasma levels of norepinephrine, vasopressin, and plasma renin activity were not elevated, indicating that these vasoactive factors were not responsible for elevation of the BP or total peripheral resistance. The changes in the hematocrit, atrial natriuretic factor, urine volume, and urinary sodium excretion were identical in the two groups, and natriuresis was not prominent when total peripheral resistance was high. Pressor responses to norepinephrine and angiotensin II were potentiated 3 hours after stopping infusion in both groups, but this potentiation was not correlated with the increase in total peripheral resistance or mean BP. Thus, acute volume expansion produced resistance-dependent hypertension following the initial volume-dependent hypertension. It is unlikely that a vascular sensitizing natriuretic factor plays a role in the resistance-dependent BP elevation. The mechanism and physiological importance of hypersensitivity to vasoactive substances remain to be elucidated.
Increased expression of nuclear factor E2 p45‐related factor 2 (NRF2) in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (2006)

Nrf2 expression may be a possible HNSCC candidate biomarker.
Long DNA isolation and imaging using lateral displacement arrays integrated with DNA combing (2019)

We demonstrate proof of principle of an efficient and simple method combining sample preparation and stretching of DNA in a single device that can be used as basis for an integrated portable system for optical DNA mapping. An important bottleneck for DNA mapping, as well as for other methods, is the isolation of long DNA molecules from a background of contaminants such as shorter DNA fragments, dyes, and lysate. We demonstrate the isolation of longer (48.5 kbp or 166 kbp) from shorter (<10 kbp) DNA strands using Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD), followed by surface-stretching of the sorted DNA for mapping.
Antibody Epitope Mapping Using De Novo Generated Synthetic Peptide Libraries (2009)

Identification of antibody binding peptides may be based on the primary structure of the protein antigens used to raise the antibodies (knowledge- or sequence-based approach). This involves scanning the entire sequence of the antigen with overlapping peptides (peptide scan), which are then probed for binding to the respective antibody. If a natural protein binding partner is not known, one has to use combinatorial synthetic libraries with peptide mixtures, randomly generated chemically synthesized libraries of single individual sequences, or biologically produced libraries (e.g., phage display libraries, see Chapter "Epitope Mapping Using Phage Display Peptide Libraries"). This chapter describes chemically synthesized combinatorial, as well as randomly generated peptide libraries, collectively called de novo approaches, and their application for antibody epitope mapping.
The Imaging Chain and Applications (2010)

The process by which an image is formed and interpreted can be conceptualized as a chain of physical events, i.e., the imaging chain, that starts with the light source and ends with viewing the displayed image. The principal links of the imaging chain are the radiometry, the camera, the processing, the display, and the interpretation of the image (Fig. 2.1). The imaging chain begins with the radiometry of the electromagnetic energy that will create the image. This energy may originate from the sun, a light bulb, or the object itself. The electromagnetic energy is then captured by the camera system with optics to form the image and a sensor to convert the captured electromagnetic radiation into a digital image. The image is then processed to enhance the quality and the utility of the image. Finally, the image is displayed and interpreted by the viewer. Each link in the imaging chain and the interaction between the links play a vital role in the final quality of the image, which is only as good as the weakest link. Figure 2.2 shows examples of images that have a dominant weak link in the imaging chain as well as one that balances the weak links so that no single weak link dominates the resulting quality. The dominant weak links shown in Fig. 2.2 are (a) poor optics, (b) motion blur, (c) sensor noise, (d) overexposure, (e) low contrast, and (f) processing that oversharpened the image. Figure 2.1 The principal links of an imaging chain. Mathematical models that describe the physics of the image formation have been developed to help us understand how each link impacts the formation of the final image. These models are essential for identifying the weak links as well as understanding the interaction between the links and the imaging system as a whole. The mathematical models are typically categorized into the key elements of the imaging chain, namely radiometry, the camera (optics and sensor), the motion associated with the camera, the processing, the display, and the interpretation (Fig. 2.3). The camera models are generally divided into the optics (the part of the camera that shapes the light into an image) and the digital sensor (the part of the camera the converts the image formed by the optics into a digital image).
Evidence of Symmetry Breaking in Lead Salt Quantum Dots (2009)

Experimentally observed two-photon transitions of lead-salt quantum dots, not predicted by kp theory, are explained as symmetry-forbidden one-photon transitions. Similarly features in the one-photon absorption spectra are explained as symmetry-forbidden two-photon transitions.
Altered expression patterns of group I and II metabotropic glutamate receptors in multiple sclerosis (2003)

Recent evidence supports a role for glutamate receptors in the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. In the present study, we have focused specifically on the expression of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) in multiple sclerosis brain tissue. The expression of group I (mGluR1alpha and mGluR5) and group II (mGluR2/3) mGluRs was studied using immunohistochemistry in tissue from 12 multiple sclerosis cases and seven non-neurological controls. The expression patterns of both group I and II mGluRs in multiple sclerosis tissue differed significantly from those in control tissue. Strong mGluR1alpha immunoreactivity was observed in axons of the subcortical white matter, particularly in the centre of actively demyelinating lesions and in the borders of chronic active lesions. mGluR1alpha axonal immunopositivity was also found in normal appearing multiple sclerosis white matter, but axons in control white matter were generally negative. mGluR1alpha axonal labelling was associated with the presence of non-phosphorylated neurofilaments and beta-amyloid precursor protein, which are sensitive markers for axonal injury and disturbed axonal transport. Changes in mGluR immunoreactivity were also observed in glia. A diffuse increase in the expression of mGluR5 and mGluR2/3 was detected in reactive astrocytes in multiple sclerosis lesions. However, only a subpopulation of reactive astroglial cells expressed mGluR1alpha. In addition, labelling with antibodies to mGluR2/3 and, to a lesser extent labelling with antibodies to mGluR1alpha, was detected in a population of cells of the microglial/macrophage lineage that displayed a macrophage-like morphology. Our data suggest that mGluRs, like ionotropic glutamate receptors, play a role in the complex processes that are associated with the progressive brain damage in multiple sclerosis, including both glial activation and pathological changes in axons.
How Pessimistic is a Worst-Case SNR Degradation as a Link Abstraction Metric? (2016)

We consider a fully loaded, worst-case SNR degradation as an abstraction metric for impairment aware link virtualization. For the NSF topology with minimal fully connected load, the power optimized SNR is only 0.6 dB better.
Statistical Derivation of an Accurate Energy Consumption Model for Embedded Processors (2002)

The energy consumption of software is becoming an increasingly important issue in designing mobile embedded systems where batteries are used as the main power source. As a consequence, recently, a number of promising techniques have been proposed to optimize software for reduced energy consumption. Such low-power software techniques require an energy consumption model that can be used to identify the factors contributing to the overall energy consumption. We propose a technique to derive an accurate energy consumption model by abstracting the energy behavior of the target processor. The proposed approach combines empirical measurement with a statistical analysis technique to approximate the actual energy consumption, whose result is a model equation that can be used to estimate software energy consumption. The model equation also provides insightful information that can be used in program optimization for low energy, by identifying the factors affecting the energy consumption of software. Experimental results show that the model equation can accurately estimate the energy consumption of a random instruction sequence, with an average error of 2.5%.