gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Al-2.88 Outgassing (In Lithography) (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Crystal Engineering with DNA* (2020)

Within this conceptual framework, the structural and functional advances are described in an effort to define the present level of sophistication and to predict future directions of the platform. These advances include exotic structures with programmable lattice symmetries and well-defined crystal habits, responsive materials that leverage the intrinsic properties of nucleic acids to manipulate structures on demand, nanoparticle superlattices grown epitaxially from surfaces and colloidal crystals that offer insights into light–matter interactions. Biological processes build complex, functional materials from the molecular blueprint for life, DNA. DNA directs material synthesis with encoded messages written in the sequence of its four nucleobases and a small number of post-translational modifications. The decryption of the structure and interactions of DNA and, later, the elucidation of the central role of DNA in the synthesis of biological materials transformed researchers’ conception of DNA from an enigmatic carrier of hereditary information into an elegantly designed biopolymer.
Sural Intraneural Ganglion Cysts Are Joint-related (2012)

The recent article by Kim and Kim [[1]] provides a valuable case of a rare sural intraneural ganglion cyst to the literature. We offer yet another example to highlight recent developments in our understanding of this entity.
Die Rolle von P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1 in der Leukozyten-Rekrutierung innerhalb der pulmonalen Mikrozirkulation während der polymikrobiellen Sepsis (2011)

Die akute Lungenschädigung zählt zu den Schlüsselkomponenten einer Sepsis. Leukozyten stellen einerseits einen essentiellen Bestandteil der Immunabwehr gegen Mikroorganismen dar, andererseits kann eine exzessive Akkumulation in der Lunge zur weiteren Organschädigung führen. Die Mechanismen der Leukozyten-Rekrutierung im Rahmen einer septischen Lungenschädigung sind derzeit nur ungenügend bekannt.
Logic and Analog Test Schemes for a Single-Chip Pixel-Parallel Fingerprint Identification LSI (2007)

This paper describes logic and analog test schemes that improve the testability of a pixel-parallel fingerprint identification circuit. The pixel contains a processing circuit and a capacitive fingerprint sensor circuit. For the logic test, we propose a test method using a pseudo scan circuit to check the processing circuits of all pixels simultaneously. In the analog test, the sensor circuit employs dummy capacitance to mimic the state of a finger touching the chip. This enables an evaluation of the sensitivity of all sensor circuits on logical LSI tester without touching the chip with a finger. To check the effectiveness of the schemes, we applied them to a pixel array in a fingerprint identification LSI. The pseudo scan circuit achieved a 100% failure-detection rate for the processing circuit. The analog test determines that the sensitivities of the sensor circuit in all pixels are in the proper range. The results of the tests confirmed that the proposed schemes can completely detect defects in the circuits. Thus, the schemes will pave the way to logic and analog tests of chips integrating highly functional devices stacked on a LSI.
Supplementary Movie 3 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation (2023)

Supplementary Movie 3 from The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Controls Cell Shape and Growth of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma through Cdc42 Activation
Technetium-99m-labeled monoclonal antibody with preserved immunoreactivity and high in vivo stability. (1987)

Recent availability of monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) and their radiolabeling through the use of the bifunctional chelating agents (BCA) have become an alternative procedure for in vivo radioimmunodetection. Using a newly synthesized BCA, a p-carboxyethylphenylglyoxal-di(N-methylthiosemicarbazone) (CE-DTS), the coupling and technetium-99m (99mTc) labeling of monoclonal IgG against hCG were carried out. In the system presented, factors affecting stability and immunoreactivity were examined. Immunoreactivity of the original IgG (56C) was preserved by conjugating one CE-DTS molecule per molecule of IgG (56C) using the phosphorylazide method, however, 99mTc labeling pH affected the immunoreactivity and limited the 99mTc labeling reaction between pH 4.5 and 6.2. A screening of labeling conditions, such as pH, reaction time, and reducing agent system were then carried out. Technetium-99m-labeled IgG (56C), [99mTc]CE-DTS-IgG (56C), showed good stability upon incubation with mice sera and comparable mice biodistribution to that of indium-111 (111In) DTPA-IgG (56C). Thus, these results indicate the excellent potential of CE-DTS as a BCA for labeling MoAb with 99mTc.
ENDOSCOPIC FULL-THICKNESS PLICATION FOR GERD: 12-MONTH MULTI-CENTER STUDY RESULTS (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: ESOPHAGUS: PDF Only
Phase-contrast imaging and tomography at 60 keV using a conventional x-ray tube source (2009)

Phase-contrast imaging at laboratory-based x-ray sources using grating interferometers has been developed over the last few years for x-ray energies of up to 28 keV. Here, we show first phase-contrast projection and tomographic images recorded at significantly higher x-ray energies, produced by an x-ray tube source operated at 100 kV acceleration voltage. We find our measured tomographic phase images in good agreement with tabulated data. The extension of phase-contrast imaging to this significantly higher x-ray energy opens up many applications of the technique in medicine and industrial nondestructive testing.
Ixolaris binding to factor X reveals a precursor state of factor Xa heparin‐binding exosite (2007)

Ixolaris is a two-Kunitz tick salivary gland tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI). In contrast to human TFPI, Ixolaris specifically binds to factor Xa (FXa) heparin-binding exosite (HBE). In addition, Ixolaris interacts with zymogen FX. In the present work we characterized the interaction of Ixolaris with human FX quantitatively, and identified a precursor state of the heparin-binding exosite (proexosite, HBPE) as the Ixolaris-binding site on the zymogen. Gel-filtration chromatography demonstrated 1:1 complex formation between fluorescein-labeled Ixolaris and FX. Isothermal titration calorimetry confirmed that the binding of Ixolaris to FX occurs at stoichiometric concentrations in a reaction which is characteristically exothermic, with a favorable enthalpy (DeltaH) of -10.78 kcal/mol. ELISA and plasmon resonance experiments also indicate that Ixolaris binds to plasma FX and FXa, or to recombinant Gla domain-containing FX/FXa with comparable affinities ( approximately 1 nM). Using a series of mutants on the HBPE, we identified the most important amino acids involved in zymogen/Ixolaris interaction-Arg-93 >>> Arg-165 > or = Lys-169 > Lys-236 > Arg-125-which was identical to that observed for FXa/Ixolaris interaction. Remarkably, Ixolaris strongly inhibited FX activation by factor IXa in the presence but not in the absence of factor VIIIa, suggesting a specific interference in the cofactor activity. Further, solid phase assays demonstrated that Ixolaris inhibits FX interaction with immobilized FVIIIa. Altogether, Ixolaris is the first inhibitor characterized to date that specifically binds to FX HBPE. Ixolaris may be a useful tool to study the physiological role of the FX HBPE and to evaluate this domain as a target for anticoagulant drugs.
A polymorphism of HMGA1 is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and related components (2013)

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common disorder, where systemic insulin-resistance is associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. Identifying genetic traits influencing risk and progression of MetS is important. We and others previously reported a functional HMGA1 gene variant, rs146052672, predisposing to T2D. Here we investigated the association of rs146052672 variant with MetS and related components. In a case-control study from Italy and Turkey, increased risk of MetS was seen among carriers of the HMGA1 variant. In the larger Italian cohort, this variant positively correlated with BMI, hyperglycemia and insulin-resistance, and negatively correlated with serum HDL-cholesterol. Association between rs146052672 variant and MetS occurred independently of T2D, indicating that HMGA1 gene defects play a pathogenetic role in MetS and other insulin-resistance-related conditions. Overall, our results indicate that the rs146052672 variant represents an early predictive marker of MetS, as well as a predictive tool for therapy.
Abstract 4165: SOX2 promotes lineage plasticity and antiandrogen resistance in TP53 and RB1 deficient prostate cancer (2017)

Abstract Some cancers evade targeted therapies through a mechanism known as lineage plasticity, whereby tumor cells acquire phenotypic characteristics of a cell lineage whose survival no longer depends on the drug target. Here we show, using in vitro and in vivo prostate cancer models, that these tumors can develop resistance to the antiandrogen drug enzalutamide by a phenotypic shift from androgen receptor (AR) dependent luminal epithelial cells to AR independent basal-like cells. This lineage plasticity is enabled by loss of TP53 and RB1 function, is mediated by increased expression of the reprogramming transcription factor SOX2 and can be reversed by restoring TP53 and RB1 function or by inhibiting SOX2 expression. Thus, mutations in tumor suppressor genes can create a state of increased cellular plasticity that, when challenged with antiandrogen therapy, promotes resistance through lineage switching. Citation Format: Ping Mu, Zeda Zhang, Matteo Benelli, Wouter Karthaus, Elizebeth Hoover, Chi-Chao Chen, John Wongvipat, Sheng-Yu Ku, Dong Gao, Zhen Cao, Neel Shah, Elizabeth Adams, Wassim Abida, Philip Watson, Davide Prandi, Chun-Hao Huang, Elisa de Stanchina, Scott Lowe, Leigh Ellis, Himisha Beltran, Mark Rubin, David Goodrich, Francesca Demichelis, Charles L. Sawyers. SOX2 promotes lineage plasticity and antiandrogen resistance in TP53 and RB1 deficient prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4165. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4165
Guiding Principle of Energy Level Controllability of Silicon Dangling Bonds in HfSiON (2007)

Silicon dangling bonds (Si-DBs) in HfSiOx have been studied using first-principles calculations. Interestingly, our computational result revealed that the Si-DB-related gap state in HfSiOx locates in a much lower energy region than that in SiOx. This is because Hf atoms enhance the ionic character of the HfSiOx film, which in turn induces a positive charge at the Si site. We consider that the low-lying Si-DB level, which is now very near the N 2p state, contributes to the formation of strong Si–N bonds in HfSiON. The lower shift of the Si-DB level upon cation metal inclusion can be useful information not only for improving the electric properties of high-k gate stacks but also for developing prominent silicon–oxide–nitride–oxide–silicon (SONOS) nonvolatile memories where controllability of the charge trap level is a crucial issue.
[In vivo and in vitro protection against lethal activity of Buthus occitanus tunetanus venom with a recombinant protein]. (2002)

We report the use of recombinant scorpion toxin in the form of fusion protein as antigen for mice immunisation. The aim is to produce protective antisera against lethal activity of the venom from Tunisian scorpion Buthus occitanus tunetanus, responsible for several annually reported human cases of scorpion stings. The gene encoding Bot III (the most toxic alpha toxin of Buthus occitanus tunetanus) was fused to the sequence encoding synthetic ZZ domains of staphylococcal protein A. The construct ZZ-Bot III was expressed in the periplasm of E. coli as a fusion protein and purified by affinity chromatography. The recombinant fusion protein was characterized and used as antigen to generate antibodies in mice. The antibodies against the recombinant protein neutralize the toxic venom (10 LD50/ml) and also confer protection for immunized mice against antigenically related mammal toxins.
Structure‐Directed Synthesis of New Organic Materials (1989)

Review: The synthesis of molecular cages, belts and strips opens up new areas of technology for exploitation. Solvent specific sensors are one possible use of cage molecules called carcerands (see figure). A series of Diels-Alder reactions under tight stereochemical control are used in a remarkably efficient manner to produce the structures.
Electronic Structure and Band Gaps in Cationic Heterocyclic Oligomers. Multidimensional Analysis of the Interplay of Heteroatoms, Substituents, Molecular Length, and Charge on Redox and Transparency Characteristics (2005)

Oxidative doping of extended pi-conjugated polymers and oligomers produces dramatic changes in optical and electrical properties, arising from polaron and soliton-derived midgap states. Despite the great importance of such changes for materials properties, far less is known about the cationic polaron states than about the neutral, semiconducting or insulating, undoped materials. The systematic, multifactor computational analysis of oligoheterocycles such as oligothiophenes, oligofurans, and oligopyrroles presented here affords qualitative and quantitative understanding of the interplay among skeletal substitution pattern, electronic structure, and the effective band gap reduction on p-doping. A simple linear relation is derived for predicting p-doped oligomer and polymer effective band gaps based on those of the neutral oligomers; this relationship confirms the effectiveness of a "fixed band" approximation and explains the counterintuitive increase of the effective band gap on p-doping of many small band gap oligomers. The present analysis also suggests new candidates for transparent conductive polymers and predicts limiting behavior of ionization potential, electron affinity, and other properties for various polyheterocyclic systems. The results yield insight into materials constraints in electrochromic polymers as well as on p- and n-type conductors and semiconductors.
Improving antibodies by evolution and engineering (2003)

Tumor targeting puts very high demands on antibodies with respect to affinity, specificity but also stability of the protein. Recent advances in the design of fully synthetic antibody libraries (1) make it now possible to obtain such antibodies. Using in vitro selection and evolution tools such as ribosome display (2, 3, 4, 5, 6), it has been possible to select and further improve antibodies by directed evolution totally in vitro, without the use of any cells. Picomolar affinities have been routinely obtained (3, 4, 5, 6), and very high selectivity even to targets that are totally non-immunogenic, such as the telomeric DNA. Using an antibody against EpCAM as a model system (7, 8, 9), the application of these technologies to tumor targeting will be discussed. An optimization of stability, valency and molecular weight has been carried out. Recently, the information gathered from directed evolution could be used in structured based engineering to complement directed evolution. Recent results on tumor targeting with these molecules will be discussed.
Defending against traffic analysis attacks with link padding for bursty traffics (2005)

Preventing networks from being attacked has become a critical issue for network administrators and researchers. Even for systems where encryption is used they are still vulnerable to traffic analysis attacks. Attackers can launch catastrophic distributed denial of services attacks based on the critical link information derived from traffic analysis. Link padding can be used to defend against such traffic analysis attacks. In this paper, we propose a robust variant packet sending-interval link padding algorithm for bursty traffics. The histogram feature vector method is used to simulate the traffic analysis attack and principle component analysis is used to test the performance of the algorithm.
Lipid-functionalized Dextran Nanosystems to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in Cancer: A Pilot Study (2012)

Biocompatible dextran-based nanoparticles that are directly translatable to clinical medicine may lead to new potential therapeutics for reversing MDR in patients with cancer.
Subresolution assist feature implementation for high-performance logic gate-level lithography (2002)

This paper investigates the implementation of sub-resolution assist features (SRAFs) in high performance logic designs for the poly-gate conductor level. We will discuss the concepts used for SRAF rule generation, SRAF data preparation and what we term "binary" optical proximity correction (OPC) to prevent catastrophic line-width problems. Lithographic process window (PW) data obtained with SRAFs will be compared to PW data obtained without SRAF. SRAM cells are shown printed with annular illumination and SRAFs, for both the 130 nm and 100 nm logic nodes as defined by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS). This study includes a comparison of the experimental results of SRAMs printed from designs corrected with rule-based OPC to those printed from designs corrected with model-based OPC.
Polarized Absorption Spectra of Single-Walled 4 Å Carbon Nanotubes Aligned in Channels of anAlPO4−5Single Crystal (2001)

We report the polarized optical absorption spectra of single-walled 4 A carbon nanotubes arrayed in the channels of an AlPO (4)-5 single crystal. When the light electric field (E) is polarized parallel to the tube direction (c), the spectra display a sharp peak at 1.37 eV, with two broadbands at 2.1 and 3.1 eV. In the E perpendicular c configuration, the tube is nearly transparent in the measured energy region 0.5-4.1 eV. The optical dipole selection rules are discussed, and the absorption bands are assigned to the dipole transitions between the Van Hove singularities. The measured absorption spectra agreed well with the ab initio calculations of band structure based on the local density function approximation.
Measurements of the differential cross sections of the production of Z + jets and γ + jets and of Z boson emission collinear with a jet in pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV (2021)

A bstract Measurements of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and γ + jets production, and their ratio, are presented as a function of the boson transverse momentum. Measurements are also presented of the angular distribution between the Z boson and the closest jet. The analysis is based on pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The results, corrected for detector effects, are compared with various theoretical predictions. In general, the predictions at higher orders in perturbation theory show better agreement with the measurements. This work provides the first measurement of the ratio of the differential cross sections of Z + jets and γ + jets production at 13 TeV, as well as the first direct measurement of Z bosons emitted collinearly with a jet.
A Self-Optimizing Workload Management Solution for Cloud Applications (2013)

Given the dynamic nature of the cloud, resulting from mapping virtual to physical resources, changes in the usage pattern of resources, migration of virtual resources and the dynamic nature of the applications themselves, the bottleneck resource in a given application changes over time. Promptly identifying the bottleneck of cloud application and consequently taking corrective actions (e.g. admission control) are essential requirements for cloud application performance management. The traditional threshold based bottleneck detection technology, which adopts a pre-defined target performance measure (e.g. response time, CPU utilization, etc.), requires a good understanding of the application. It is difficult to identify which performance measures need to be monitored and how to set accurate threshold values for them. The commonly used technique of model-based workload management also faces a big challenge in modeling the highly dynamic, cloud application behavior. In this paper, we propose a self-optimizing application workload management solution for cloud applications which adapts well to the cloud dynamics. It utilizes a target-less bottleneck detection mechanism, without the need to define target thresholds. It also contains a model-free controller for workload management, thus avoiding the complexity of dynamically changing the model as the cloud environment changes. We believe that this is the first time such a design principle to cloud application performance management is introduced. The validity and efficiency of this solution have been verified by a real-case study on an IBM cloud platform, using the RUBiS web application benchmark.
Femoral Neurogram Before Transpsoas Spinal Access at L4–5 Intervertebral Disk Space (2013)

An L4 neurogram will provide an accurate trajectory of L4 root/femoral nerve as it crosses the L4-5 intervertebral disk space. An accurate assessment is essential to help minimize the increasing frequency of thigh pain, paresthesias, and weakness associated with the lateral access to the L4-5 intervertebral disk space. Femoral nerves that fall within zones 2 and 3 will require more manipulation during retraction and may be better suited with a different surgical approach.
Electro-optical switches based on polymer and dendrimer filled nematics (2000)

Two-phase systems which can be switched electrically between a light scattering and a transparent state can be prepared based on either a dispersion of well-defined sub-micron sized crosslinked polymeric particles in a liquid crystal (LC) matrix (Polymer Filled Nematics, PFN's) or on a dispersion of palmitoyl-functionalised poly(propylene imine) dendrimers in an LC (Dendrimer Filled Nematics). The present paper describes the preparation of both systems and their properties. The PFN's can be electrically switched between a scattering and a transparent state by an appropriate choice of materials and refractive indices. The preparation of the disperse polymeric phase is separated from the preparation of the polymer/LC blend, which enables control over the morphology of the system. Rather surprisingly, it is found that, due to the rheological properties of the PFN blends, stable films of the blends can be simply produced by conventional coating processes. The dendrimer-stabilised nematics require extremely low switching voltages to switch from a scattering to a highly transparent state. Moreover, the switching process is totally reversible and hysteresis effects appear to be absent.