gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chip-scale nonlinear photonics for quantum light generation (2020)

Nonclassical states of light are an essential resource for many emerging quantum technologies and applications ranging from information processing, encrypted communications, and networking to sensing, metrology, and imaging. Nonlinear optical processes in solid-state materials are widely used for generating quantum light, including single photons, entangled-photon pairs, and quadrature-squeezed states. Recent advances in nonlinear photonics have enabled the functionality of benchtop nonlinear instruments to be scaled down to a single chip without sacrificing efficiency or degrading the key performance metrics. The dramatic improvement in the size, weight, power, cost, and stability enabled by photonic integrated circuits has been essential for enabling the chip-scale generation, manipulation, and detection of quantum light at a steadily increasing degree of complexity and scale. Within the last decade, the authors have seen the progression from few-component photonic circuits operating on two photons to arrays of 18 identical heralded single-photon sources and reconfigurable devices operating with more than 650 components for multidimensional entanglement and arbitrary two-photon quantum gates. In this review, the authors summarize the history and recent key technological developments of chip-scale nonlinear quantum light generation based on integrated nonlinear photonics, recent advances in heterogeneous integrated methods, and approaches for system-level integration and demonstrated applications.
Au/TiO2catalyzed reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones using formic acid as reductant (2016)

The combination of commercial easily available Au/TiO<sub>2</sub>as catalyst and cost-effective formic acid as reductant was able to render reductive amination of various carbonyl compounds.
Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines TNF-Related Weak Inducer of Apoptosis (TWEAK) and TNFα Induce the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)-Dependent Expression of Sclerostin in Human Osteoblasts (2009)

We have recently shown that TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a mediator of inflammatory bone remodeling. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TWEAK in modulating human osteoblast activity, and how TWEAK and TNFalpha might interact in this context. Recombinant TWEAK and TNF were both mitogenic for human primary osteoblasts (NHBC). TWEAK dose- and time-dependently regulated the expression of the osteoblast transcription factors RUNX2 and osterix. TWEAK inhibited in vitro mineralization and downregulated the expression of osteogenesis-associated genes. Significantly, TWEAK and TWEAK/TNF induced the expression of the osteoblast differentiation inhibitor and SOST gene product, sclerostin. Sclerostin induction was mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) dependent. The SOST mRNA levels induced by TWEAK were equivalent to or exceeded those seen in steady-state human bone, and the TWEAK/TNF induction of SOST mRNA was recapitulated in fresh cancellous bone explants. TWEAK-induced sclerostin expression was observed in immature osteoblastic cells, both in cycling (Ki67(+)) primary NHBC and in the cell lines MC3T3-E1 and MG-63, as well as in human osteocyte-like cells and in the osteocyte cell line, MLO-Y4. Treatment of NHBC with recombinant human sclerostin mimicked the effects of TWEAK to suppress RUNX2 and osteocalcin (OCN). TWEAK, TNF, and sclerostin treatment of NHBC similarly altered levels of phosphorylated and total GSK3beta and active and total levels of beta-catenin, implying that the Wnt signaling pathway was affected by all three stimuli. Sclerostin also rapidly activated ERK-1/2 MAPK signaling, indicating the involvement of additional signaling pathways. Together, our findings suggest that TWEAK, alone and with TNF, can regulate osteoblast function, at least in part by inducing sclerostin expression. Our results also suggest new roles and modes of action for sclerostin.
Visualization of Cutaneous Distribution of Minocycline of a Topical Gel in Human Facial Skin with Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) and Phasor Analysis (2017)

Abstract Not AvailableStudy supported by BioPharmX.
Electrical and optical simulation of nPERT solar cells with epitaxially grown emitters (2017)

One of the advantages of an epitaxially grown emitter is that its doping profile is not limited by the diffusion process and that almost any arbitrary profile shape can be realized. In this simulation study we make use of the epitaxial doping profile’s flexibility to optimize the emitter of an nPERT solar cell. Initially an optical and electrical model is set up in Sentaurus TCAD and calibrated based on measurements of an actual device with an efficiency of 22.5%. Next, simulations for a box shaped profile with varying thicknesses and doping concentrations are carried out. Additionally, a two-step emitter consisting of a combination of two box profiles – one located at the surface and another deep profile underneath the former one – is also simulated. The results clearly identify the optimal doping concentrations and thicknesses which result in the highest efficiencies. Outside of these optimal regions the most significant loss mechanisms are pointed out. To be highlighted is that the switch from a the single box profile emitter to an optimal two-step profile emitter realizes a gain of 0.4% absolute resulting in an efficiency of 22.9%. This demonstrates that the freedom in the shape of the epitaxial doping profile can be employed to further increase the solar cell efficiencies.
Biochemical Characterization of Aspergillus fumigatus AroH, a Putative Aromatic Amino Acid Aminotransferase (2018)

The rise in the frequency of nosocomial infections is becoming a major problem for public health, in particular in immunocompromised patients. <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is an opportunistic fungus normally present in the environment directly responsible for lethal invasive infections. Recent results suggest that the metabolic pathways related to amino acid metabolism can regulate the fungus-host interaction and that an important role is played by enzymes involved in the catabolism of L-tryptophan. In particular, in <i>A. fumigatus</i> L-tryptophan regulates <i>Aro</i> genes. Among them, AroH encodes a putative pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent aminotransferase. Here we analyzed the biochemical features of recombinant purified AroH by spectroscopic and kinetic analyses corroborated by <i>in silico</i> studies. We found that the protein is dimeric and tightly binds the coenzyme forming a deprotonated internal aldimine in equilibrium with a protonated ketoenamine form. By setting up a new rapid assay method, we measured the kinetic parameters for the overall transamination of substrates and we demonstrated that AroH behaves as an aromatic amino acid aminotransferase, but also accepts L-kynurenine and α-aminoadipate as amino donors. Interestingly, computational approaches showed that the predicted overall fold and active site topology of the protein are similar to those of its yeast ortholog, albeit with some differences in the regions at the entrance of the active site, which could possibly influence substrate specificity. Should targeting fungal metabolic adaptation be of therapeutic value, the results of the present study may pave the way to the design of specific AroH modulators as potential novel agents at the host/fungus interface.
ChemInform Abstract: LEWIS ACID‐PROMOTED CYCLOPROPANATION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS BY DIAZOCARBONYL COMPOUNDS. A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 1,2‐DISUBSTITUTED CYCLOPROPYLCARBONYL COMPOUNDS OF HIGH ISOMERIC PURITY (1980)

Abstract In Gegenwart von SbF 5 erhält man aus den Diazoketonen (I) und den Vinylketonen (II) die Cyclopropane (III).
Perovskite-type Oxids with Low Resistivity and High Stability at High Temperatures in Air (2015)

The replacement of metal electrodes by conductive oxides is useful in ceramic based products. LaCo0.5Ni0.5O3−δ demonstrates high stability and high electrical conductivity with a small temperature coefficient up to 1173 K in air. The electrical conductivity of 1.9 × 103 Scm−1 is due to the high carrier concentration of 2.2 × 1022 cm−3 and the small effective mass of 0.10 me. In addition, the temperature coefficient of the conductivity is smaller than that of standard metals, and little change in oxygen content occurs up to 1173 K in air. We believe that LaCo0.5Ni0.5O3−δ is suitable as a conductive material for electrode and electrical wiring at high temperatures in air.
A novel multiband MIMO antenna for smartphones with a non-slit metal frame (2017)

We propose a novel MIMO antenna which uses the metal frame of smartphones. A metal frame surrounds the housing case. The proposed antenna consists of a metal frame, a feeding plate and three grounding points. The feeding plate does not connect to the metal frame, and it is excited as an electromagnetic coupling. The antenna can generate a multi resonant mode (loop and monopole antenna mode) at around the 0.8 GHz band and the 1.6 to 2.7 GHz bands as well as the 3.5 GHz band. The isolation of the proposed MIMO antenna is below -10dB from 0.7 to 4.0 GHz, which is small. The total efficiency of the antenna shows good performance with -5 dB at 0.8 GHz band, -2.5 dB at 1.6 to 2.7 GHz and 3.5 GHz band (LTE/WWAN/GPS). Also, the advantages of this antenna are a simple structure and its resonant frequency can be controlled easily.
Formin 1-Isoform IV Deficient Cells Exhibit Defects in Cell Spreading and Focal Adhesion Formation (2008)

It was determined that Fmn1-IV, as an actin nucleator, contributes to protrusion of the cell's leading edge and focal adhesion formation, thus contributing to cell motility.
Prediction of the time to pregnancy by kernel density estimation on lifestyle questionnaire (2018)

Current pregnancy measures can be classified into three types: natural pregnancy, artificial insemination, and in vitro fertilization. For those who are trying to get pregnanct, however, it is difficult to judge when they should switch from natural pregnancy to other methods because the factors that contribute to pregnancy are usually not clear. This paper presents a personalized method to estimate the time to pregnancy (TTP) for a natural conception by using kernel density estimation and k-nearest neighbor. Using this method, we can provide suggestions and a TTP estimation to guide decisions on which methods and actioins are suitable for those willing to conceive. In addition, we developed a user-friendly GUI system that can show the probability of the TTP and provide feedback through tips without requiring user expertise.
Plasma sources for EUV lithography exposure tools (2004)

The source is an integral part of an extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) tool. Such a source, as well as the EUVL tool, has to fulfil extremely high demands both technical and cost oriented. The EUVL tool operates at a wavelength in the range 13–14 nm, which requires a major re-thinking of state-of-the-art lithography systems operating in the DUV range. The light production mechanism changes from conventional lamps and lasers to relatively high temperature emitting plasmas. The light transport, mainly refractive for DUV, should become reflective for EUV. The source specifications are derived from the customer requirements for the complete tool, which are: throughput, cost of ownership (CoO) and imaging quality. The EUVL system is considered as a follow up of the existing DUV based lithography technology and, while improving the feature resolution, it has to maintain high wafer throughput performance, which is driven by the overall CoO picture. This in turn puts quite high requirements on the collectable in-band power produced by an EUV source. Increased, due to improved feature resolution, critical dimension (CD) control requirements, together with reflective optics restrictions, necessitate pulse-to-pulse repeatability, spatial stability control and repetition rates, which are substantially better than those of current optical systems. All together the following aspects of the source specification will be addressed: the operating wavelength, the EUV power, the hot spot size, the collectable angle, the repetition rate, the pulse-to-pulse repeatability and the debris induced lifetime of components.
Electrically Tunable Damping of Plasmonic Resonances with Graphene (2012)

Dynamic switching of a plasmonic resonance may find numerous applications in subwavelength optoelectronics, spectroscopy, and sensing. Graphene shows a highly tunable carrier concentration under electrostatic gating, and this could provide an effective route to achieving electrical control of the plasmonic resonance. In this Letter, we demonstrate electrical control of a plasmonic resonance at infrared frequencies using large-area graphene. Plasmonic structures fabricated on graphene enhance the interaction of the incident optical field with the graphene sheet, and the impact of graphene is much stronger at mid-infrared wavelengths. Full-wave simulations, where graphene is modeled as a 1 nm thick effective medium, show excellent agreement with experimental results.
In‐Series Versus In‐Parallel Mechanical Circulatory Support for the Right Heart: A Simulation Study (2015)

Right heart failure (RHF) is a serious health issue with increasing incidence and high mortality. Right ventricular assist devices (RVADs) have been used to support the end-stage failing right ventricle (RV). Current RVADs operate in parallel with native RV, which alter blood flow pattern and increase RV afterload, associated with high tension in cardiac muscles and long-term valve complications. We are developing an in-series RVAD for better RV unloading. This article presents a mathematical model to compare the effects of RV unloading and hemodynamic restoration on an overloaded or failing RV. The model was used to simulate both in-series (sRVAD) and in-parallel (pRVAD) (right atrium-pulmonary artery cannulation) support for severe RHF. The results demonstrated that sRVAD more effectively unloads the RV and restores the balance between RV oxygen supply and demand in RHF patients. In comparison to simulated pRVAD and published clinical and in silico studies, the sRVAD was able to provide comparable restoration of key hemodynamic parameters and demonstrated superior afterload and volume reduction. This study concluded that in-series support was able to produce effective afterload reduction and preserve the valve functionality and native blood flow pattern, eliminating complications associated with in-parallel support.
Upper mantle electrical resistivity structure beneath the central Mariana subduction system (2010)

This paper reports on a magnetotelluric (MT) survey across the central Mariana subduction system, providing a comprehensive electrical resistivity image of the upper mantle to address issues of mantle dynamics in the mantle wedge and beneath the slow back‐arc spreading ridge. After calculation of MT response functions and their correction for topographic distortion, two‐dimensional electrical resistivity structures were generated using an inversion algorithm with a smoothness constraint and with additional restrictions imposed by the subducting slab. The resultant isotropic electrical resistivity structure contains several key features. There is an uppermost resistive layer with a thickness of up to 150 km beneath the Pacific Ocean Basin, 80–100 km beneath the Mariana Trough, and 60 km beneath the Parece Vela Basin along with a conductive mantle beneath the resistive layer. A resistive region down to 60 km depth and a conductive region at greater depth are inferred beneath the volcanic arc in the mantle wedge. There is no evidence for a conductive feature beneath the back‐arc spreading center. Sensitivity tests were applied to these features through inversion of synthetic data. The uppermost resistive layer is the cool, dry residual from the plate accretion process. Its thickness beneath the Pacific Ocean Basin is controlled mainly by temperature, whereas the roughly constant thickness beneath the Mariana Trough and beneath the Parece Vela Basin regardless of seafloor age is controlled by composition. The conductive mantle beneath the uppermost resistive layer requires hydration of olivine and/or melting of the mantle. The resistive region beneath the volcanic arc down to 60 km suggests that fluids such as melt or free water are not well connected or are highly three‐dimensional and of limited size. In contrast, the conductive region beneath the volcanic arc below 60 km depth reflects melting and hydration driven by water release from the subducting slab. The resistive region beneath the back‐arc spreading center can be explained by dry mantle with typical temperatures, suggesting that any melt present is either poorly connected or distributed discontinuously along the strike of the ridge. Evidence for electrical anisotropy in the central Mariana upper mantle is weak.
T-cell recognition of allograft target antigens (2000)

T-cell recognition of allopeptides presented either by recipient or donor major histocompatibility complex molecules represents a key component for the initiation of T-cell responses to alloantigens. However, the mechanisms by which this presentation occurs continue to be a source of debate and have received considerable attention in the literature over the past few years. Better understanding of the mechanisms of allorecognition is essential for the future development of specific immunotherapies and novel approaches for the induction of transplantation tolerance. This article reviews recent publications that represent advances made in our understanding of T-cell allorecognition and its role in allograft rejection.
FEEDBACK CONTROL OF THE CONTINUOUS FLOW TOTAL ARTIFICIAL HEART (2006)

Purpose: Left-right flow coordination is critical when 2 tandem continuous flow pumps are used as a total artificial heart (TAH). We designed a robust multivariable controller for the TAH and tested it in a mock circulatory system. Methods: A mock circuit that included 2 tandem axial flow ventricular assist devices (VADs) was used as a test platform. Standard time-domain system identification techniques were used to identify mock circulatory dynamic models, including loop interactions between the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Sequential loop closure was used to design the multivariable controller. Pressure and flow data in the mock circulatory system were acquired. Left and right pump speeds were controlled with analog signals using real-time hardware and software. Results: Based on step inputs to the VADs, low order transfer functions were determined using a least squares solution. This model captured both the pump/mock loop interaction (rpm-to-pressure), as well as the interplay between the mock systemic and pulmonary loops. The controller is designed using classical loop-shaping techniques to ensure that it is robust and low-order. Controller transient performance and closed loop stability have been included to demonstrate feasibility for clinical applications. Conclusions: A multivariable control system is essential for optimized left-right pump coordination. Independent control of the 2 loops was achieved, as was coordinated control between the loops. It is anticipated that independent or coordinated control will be beneficial during clinical trials.
Diffractive optics with nanoslits (2013)

We present new types of focusing devices consisting of metallic nanoslits with proof-of-concept experiments. Polarization-selective nanoslit lenses can focus or defocus linearly polarized light depending on the incident polarization. The interference peak from double slits inside a strongly anisotropic medium becomes sub-wavelength. We also present our work on scattering from a strongly anisotropic nanoparticle.
Gold Nanowire Thermophones (2014)

We report the investigation of thermophones consisting of arrays of ultralong (mm scale) polycrystalline gold nanowires. Arrays of ∼4000 linear gold nanowires are fabricated at 5 μm pitch on glass surfaces using lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE). The properties of nanowire arrays for generating sound are evaluated as a function of frequency (from 5–120 kHz), angle from the plane of the nanowires, input power (from 0.30–2.5 W), and the width of the nanowires in the array (from 270 to 500 nm). Classical theory for thermophones based on metal films accurately predicts the measured properties of these gold nanowire arrays. Angular “nodes” for the off-axis sound pressure level (SPL) versus frequency data, predicted by the directivity factor, are faithfully reproduced by these nanowire arrays. The maximum efficiency of these arrays (∼10–10 at 25 kHz), the power dependence, and the frequency dependence is independent of the lateral dimensions of these wires over the range from 270 to 500 nm.
Dendrimer with Rotaxane-Like Mechanical Branching (2002)

[reaction: see text] A dendrimer wherein the branching points are mechanical in nature has been synthesized. It contains two identical covalently linked bis-dendrons and a core unit fused to two rings that encircle the two bis-dendrons. A "threading-followed-by-stoppering" approach is used in the template-directed synthesis of a precursor bis[2]rotaxane, which undergoes stopper exchange four times to yield the dendrimer in which the two bis-dendrons act as stoppers within the two [2]rotaxane subunits.
Multi-Aperture 3D Imaging Systems (2008)

With a multi-aperture imaging system, one creates a large imaging aperture by combining the light from a series of distributed telescopes. In doing this, one can construct a fine-resolution imaging system with reduced volume. We present work on multi-aperture, active imaging systems that use coherent detection and digital image formation. In such a system, the image formation process incorporates digital correction of optical and atmospheric phase errors. Here we discuss the principles underlying this method and present results from laboratory experiments and field experiments performed over a 0.5 km outdoor test range. In addition we discuss 3D imaging capability of the method.
155 Mbit/s wireless transmission with imaging infraredreceiver (2001)

155 Mbit/s wireless transmission over a distance of nearly 2 m is demonstrated for the first time with electronic position detection and tracking of the transmitter at an imaging infrared receiver. The technique is applicable to wireless local area networks in office environments.
UMER: The University Maryland Electron ring (2001)

A detailed understanding of the physics of space-charge dominated beams is vital for many advanced accelerators that desire to achieve high beam intensity. In that regard, low-energy, high-intensity electron beams provide an excellent model system. The University of Maryland Electron ring (UMER), currently under construction, has been designed to study the physics of space-charge dominated beams with extreme intensity in a strong focusing lattice with dispersion. At 10-keV, 100 mA, the UMER beam has a generalized perveance in the range of 0.0015. Though compact (11-m in circumference), UMER is a very complex device. In this paper, the unique design features of this research facility, the beam physics to be investigated, and simulation studies are reviewed.