gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DeepMiner at SemEval-2018 Task 1: Emotion Intensity Recognition Using Deep Representation Learning (2018)

In this paper, we propose a regression system to infer the emotion intensity of a tweet. We develop a multi-aspect feature learning mechanism to capture the most discriminative semantic features of a tweet as well as the emotion information conveyed by each word in it. We combine six types of feature groups: (1) a tweet representation learned by an LSTM deep neural network on the training data, (2) a tweet representation learned by an LSTM network on a large corpus of tweets that contain emotion words (a distant supervision corpus), (3) word embeddings trained on the distant supervision corpus and averaged over all words in a tweet, (4) word and character n-grams, (5) features derived from various sentiment and emotion lexicons, and (6) other hand-crafted features. As part of the word embedding training, we also learn the distributed representations of multi-word expressions (MWEs) and negated forms of words. An SVR regressor is then trained over the full set of features. We evaluate the effectiveness of our ensemble feature sets on the SemEval-2018 Task 1 datasets and achieve a Pearson correlation of 72% on the task of tweet emotion intensity prediction.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen as a Target for Radioimmunotherapy of Human Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Antibody Processing, Targeting, and Experimental Therapy with 131 I and 90 Y Labeled MAbs (1999)

The poor prognosis of patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) has prompted a search for new treatment modalities. In this report we explore the characteristics of carcinoembyronic antigen (CEA) as a target for radioimmunotherapy (RAIT) of MTC, with respect to antibody processing, targeting, and experimental therapy. In vitro studies showed a high level of CEA expression on the cell surface of the MTC cell line TT. MAbs bound to the cell were predominantly retained for several days, although there was also a significant level of internalization and catabolism. Immunohistology of frozen sections of tumor xenografts demonstrated that approximately half of the cells were darkly stained, however, some cells expressed little or no CEA. In biodistribution studies in nude mice bearing TT tumors, the mean percent injected dose per gram of tumor observed at three days post injection (time of maximum uptake) of 125I-MN-14 was 19.7%. When the MAb was labeled with 88Y, a residualizing label, a much higher accretion, 50.5%, was observed at the time of maximum uptake (7 days). Significant anti-tumor effects were seen at the maximum tolerated doses of 131I- and 90Y-MN-14, compared with relatively rapid tumor growth in untreated animals or those treated with the same dose of control MAbs. Importantly, it was observed that 90Y-MN-14 yielded significantly improved therapeutic efficacy in comparison to 131I-MN-14, which may have important implications for design and conduct of future clinical trials for the treatment of MTC.
“Nanoblocks”: A Playful Method To Learn about Nanotechnology-Enabled Water and Air Treatment (2019)

Research, patents, and start-up companies using nanotechnology are growing exponentially. The general public and young students who will be the next generation work force need to properly understand and get excited by nanotechnology to ensure its public support, acceptance, and advancement. Water and air have many pollutants that are invisible to the naked eye, and the concept of selectively removing the pollutants using nanostructured materials is difficult to convey. We developed a hands-on activity where pompoms, representing pollutants in water or air, “adsorb” to adhesive blocks, representing nanostructured adsorbents. Students compete with their choice of sorbent (one large block or 8 small “nanoblocks,” both having the same unit volume) to see which sorbs/attaches more pompoms in the same period of time. Through this activity, students learn that the nanoblocks have enhanced adsorption capacity due to higher surface area to volume ratio, and therefore, the nanoblocks remove more pollutants (pompoms). This progressive and adjustable learning tool has been validated with multiple learner comprehension levels (preK–12, general public, and undergraduate) and has enabled discussions on advanced topics such as nanoscale capabilities, adsorption modeling, and new technologies to improve pollutant removal and degradation.
Multivalent Choline Dendrimers as Potent Inhibitors of Pneumococcal Cell‐Wall Hydrolysis (2008)

Dendritic cell-wall mimics: Choline-binding proteins from Streptococcus pneumoniae recognize distinctive multivalent choline architectures on the bacterial cell wall. Choline-functionalized dendrimers are potent inhibitors of these essential enzymes, with a 103–104-fold higher affinity than free choline, resulting in inhibition of autolysis and cell separation in bacterial cultures at low micromolar concentrations (see picture). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Glucokinase Activators (2012)

In this review we highlight recently disclosed progress in the field of small-molecule activators of the human glucokinase enzyme. Several of the reported chemotypes possess structural features that diverge from known leads; some of these modifications appear to be specifically designed to modulate tissue selectivity or discrete parameters of enzyme function (e.g., S0.5 v Vmax). This review will inform the reader of the extent of continued effort being directed toward discovery of a first-in-class drug for Type II diabetes mellitus that functions through this target. Patents were selected from those published in December 2009 up to November 2011; foreign filings were translated where possible to understand the claims and biological techniques utilized to characterize the reported glucokinase activators. Overall, there appears to be a recent trend leading to reduced patent filings for small-molecule glucokinase activators. There are many possible explanations for this trend; however, it is likely that the field has reached maturity and that the downturn of new disclosures represents the transition of many of these programs to the clinic.
La duración máxima del contrato para obra o servicio determinado (2011)

La reciente reforma del Estatuto de los Trabajadores (RDL 10/2010 y Ley 35/2010) ha introducido una limitacion temporal a la duracion del contrato para obra o servicio determinado, lo que plantea varios problemas juridicos, lo mismo que sucede con el contrato fijo de obra (sector de la construccion) y con los contratos con las Administraciones Publicas.
Identification of the phosphorylation sites on the E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino that are critical for activation by IRAK1 and IRAK4 (2009)

The E3 ubiquitin ligase Pellino can be activated by phosphorylation in vitro, catalyzed by IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) or IRAK4. Here, we show that phosphorylation enhances the E3 ligase activity of Pellino 1 similarly with any of several E2-conjugating enzymes (Ubc13-Uev1a, UbcH4, or UbcH5a/5b) and identify 7 amino acid residues in Pellino 1 whose phosphorylation is critical for activation. Five of these sites are clustered between residues 76 and 86 (Ser-76, Ser-78, Thr-80, Ser-82, and Thr-86) and decorate a region of antiparallel beta-sheet, termed the "wing," which is an appendage of the forkhead-associated domain that is thought to interact with IRAK1. The other 2 sites are located at Thr-288 and Ser-293, just N-terminal to the RING-like domain that carries the E3 ligase activity. Unusually, the full activation of Pellino 1 can be achieved by phosphorylating any one of several different sites (Ser-76, Thr-86, Thr-288, or Ser-293) or a combination of other sites (Ser-78, Thr-80, and Ser-82). These observations imply that dephosphorylation of multiple sites is required to inactivate Pellino 1, which could be a device for prolonging Pellino's E3 ubiquitin ligase activity in vivo.
Sacral laminoplasty and cystic fenestration in the treatment of symptomatic sacral perineural (Tarlov) cysts: Technical case report (2011)

Sacral laminoplasty and microscopic cystic fenestration is a feasible approach in the operative treatment of this difficult, and often controversial, spinal pathology. This technique may be used further and studied in an attempt to minimize potential surgical morbidity, including CSF leaks, cyst recurrence, and sacral insufficiency fractures.
Data from Dual Inhibition of IGF-1R and ErbB3 Enhances the Activity of Gemcitabine and Nab-Paclitaxel in Preclinical Models of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Insulin-like growth factor receptor 1 (IGF-1R) is critically involved in pancreatic cancer pathophysiology, promoting cancer cell survival and therapeutic resistance. Assessment of IGF-1R inhibitors in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy, however, failed to demonstrate significant clinical benefit. The aim of this work is to unravel mechanisms of resistance to IGF-1R inhibition in pancreatic cancer and develop novel strategies to improve the activity of standard-of-care therapies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Growth factor screening in pancreatic cancer cell lines was performed to identify activators of prosurvival PI3K/AKT signaling. The prevalence of activating growth factors and their receptors was assessed in pancreatic cancer patient samples. Effects of a bispecific IGF-1R and ErbB3 targeting antibody on receptor expression, signaling, cancer cell viability and apoptosis, spheroid growth, and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; chemotherapy activity in pancreatic cancer xenograft models were determined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Growth factor screening in pancreatic cancer cells revealed insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and heregulin (HRG) as the most potent AKT activators. Both growth factors reduced pancreatic cancer cell sensitivity to gemcitabine or paclitaxel in spheroid growth assays. Istiratumab (MM-141), a novel bispecific antibody that blocks IGF-1R and ErbB3, restored the activity of paclitaxel and gemcitabine in the presence of IGF-1 and HRG &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Dual IGF-1R/ErbB3 blocking enhanced chemosensitivity through inhibition of AKT phosphorylation and promotion of IGF-1R and ErbB3 degradation. Addition of istiratumab to gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel improved chemotherapy activity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings suggest a critical role for the HRG/ErbB3 axis and support the clinical exploration of dual IGF-1R/ErbB3 blocking in pancreatic cancer. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(12); 2873–85. ©2018 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Program of Yersinia enterocolitica Type III Secretion Reactions Is Activated by Specific Signals (2001)

Successful establishment of Yersinia infections requires the type III machinery, a protein transporter that injects virulence factors (Yops) into macrophages. It is reported here that the Yersinia type III pathway responds to environmental signals by transporting proteins to distinct locations. Yersinia enterocolitica cells sense an increase in extracellular amino acids (glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, and asparagine) that results in the activation of the type III pathway. Another signal, provided by serum proteins such as albumin, triggers the secretion of YopD into the extracellular medium. The third signal, a decrease in calcium concentration, appears to be provided by host cells and causes Y. enterocolitica to transport YopE and presumably other virulence factors across the eukaryotic plasma membrane. Mutations in several genes encoding regulatory molecules (lcrG, lcrH, tyeA, yopD, yopN, yscM1, and yscM2) bypass the signal requirement of the type III pathway. Together these results suggest that yersiniae may have evolved distinct secretion reactions in response to environmental signals.
Effects Of Methyl Sulfonyl Methane On Knee Laxity In Females Throughout The Menstrual Cycle. (2020)

Women have a ~4-fold greater risk of anterior cross ligament (ACL) rupture compared to men. ACL injury is associated with greater estrogen levels. Estrogen increases knee laxity, in part by blocking lysyl oxidase activity, thus decreasing collagen crosslinking and ligament stiffness. Methyl sulfonyl methane (MSM) supplementation is suggested to counter this effect. PURPOSE: To determine whether MSM supplementation alters knee laxity over the menstrual cycle. METHODS: Healthy women (ages 18-30) were followed over a 5-month period. Knee laxity measured using a GNRB knee arthrometer (Prothia, Worcester, MA) at menstruation and ovulation during baseline (month 1&2) and intervention phases (month 4 & 5). In a double-blinded manner, from month 3 participants were randomly assigned to daily ingestion of 3g of MSM or placebo (PLA; rice flower). Saliva samples were taken before all laxity measurements to determine estradiol levels (Salimetrics, Carlsbad, CA). Two-way ANOVA (supplementation and time) was used to determine differences with alpha set at p <0.05. At time of submission data remains blinded. RESULTS: Baseline knee laxity was the same in both groups at all time points (n=20, Group A n=9, Group B, n=11 due to dropout). Compared to baseline, the average knee laxity during the intervention period in Group A was significantly lower at ovulation compared to Group B (p=0.036). Upon analysis of estradiol levels and subsequent unblinding, the interaction between estrogen levels, laxity, supplement and time will be determined. CONCLUSION: Knee laxity decreased at ovulation in Group A. MSM may show efficacy in decreasing knee laxity at ovulation in females and help to reduce ACL injury.
Role of tyrosine phosphorylation-dephosphorylation in copy number control of the yeast plasmid 2 micron circle. (1994)

A key feature of the copy control in the 2 micron circle plasmid of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is its ability to amplify when the copy number drops below the steady state value. The Flp protein encoded by the plasmid is an essential component of the amplification mechanism. A central regulatory event in amplification involves the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation of Tyr-343 of Flp. Tyrosine phosphorylation is achieved by a transesterification mechanism involving a specific phosphodiester within the 2 micron circle. The dephosphorylation is also a transesterification reaction that uses a specific 5'-OH (generated during tyrosine phosphorylation) as the phosphoryl acceptor. A sum of four phosphorylation/dephosphorylation reactions, coordinated in sets of two, is thought to invert the relative directions of a pair of replication forks. This allows more than one copy of the plasmid to be made from a single replication initiation event. In this paper we discuss the structural features of the Flp active site that control and coordinate the transesterification reactions required for amplification.
A prospective cohort study of practice guidelines in inflammatory bowel disease (2001)

Practice guidelines for IBD reduce practice variation. The quality of life improved significantly compared to baseline with practice guidelines, but not compared to controls, perhaps because of the small sample size and homogenous practice setting. The MPGS is a tool that can be used in day-to-day management of IBD patients.
Innovative Low-Power Self-Nanoconfined Phase-Change Memory (2020)

In this article, we demonstrate at array level and in industrial-like devices, the extreme scaling down to nanometric dimensions of the phase-change memory (PCM) technology due to an innovative self-nanoconfined PCM (SNC PCM) device. We show how such solution based on an optimized GeN/GeSbTe stack enables programming down to 50 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{A}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and endurance up to more than <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{{8}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cycles in 4-kb arrays, with the huge advantage of having no dependence on the critical lithography dimension used. We further demonstrate that the high thermal confinement achieved in such extremely confined PCM makes the engineering of the SET pulse becoming fundamental in order to ensure a reduced SET resistance drift. Moreover, due to physicochemical analyses and 3-D TCAD electrothermal simulations, we demonstrate the SNC phenomenon, revealing an effective scaling of the PCM down to around 12 nm and how it improves the thermal efficiency of the device due to a reduced current density and thermal stress in the system.
Position-Specific Statistics of 60 GHz Vehicular Channels During Overtaking (2019)

The time-variant vehicle-to-vehicle radio propagation channel in the frequency band from 59.75 to 60.25 GHz has been measured in an urban street in the city center of Vienna, Austria. We have measured a set of 30 vehicle-to-vehicle channel realizations to capture the effect of an overtaking vehicle. Our experiment was designed for characterizing the large-scale fading and the small-scale fading depending on the overtaking vehicle's position. We demonstrate that large overtaking vehicles boost the mean receive power by up to 10 dB. The analysis of the small-scale fading reveals that the two-wave with diffuse power (TWDP) fading model is adequate. By means of the model selection, we demonstrate the regions where the TWDP model is more favorable than the customarily used the Rician fading model. Furthermore, we analyze the time selectivity of our vehicular channel. To precisely define the Doppler and delay resolutions, a multitaper spectral estimator with discrete prolate spheroidal windows is used. The delay and Doppler profiles are inferred from the estimated local scattering function. Spatial filtering by the transmitting horn antenna decreases the delay and Doppler spread values. We observe that the RMS Doppler spread is below one-tenth of the maximum Doppler shift 2f v/c. For example, at 60 GHz, a relative speed of 30 km/h yields a maximum Doppler shift of approximately 3300 Hz. The maximum RMS Doppler spread of all observed vehicles is 450 Hz; the largest observed RMS delay spread is 4 ns.
Indoline Dye-Coupled Polyviologen: Its Electrochemical Property and Electropolymerization (2012)

An indoline dye-coupled polyviologen was designed as a possible photoanode material for organic photovoltaic cells. A new donor–acceptor (D–A) coupled molecule (CVD131) was immobilized on a current collector by the reductive electropolymerization of its two cyanopyridinium moieties. The formed polyviologen could efficiently accept an excited electron from the indoline dye moiety.
Analysis and measurement of 3D torque and forces for permanent magnet motors with slotless windings (2010)

Slotless windings, skewed and rhombic, are widely used in industry. Beside the drive torque, possibly undesired transverse torques and forces are generated, which have not been analyzed previously. An analytical derivation of the torque and force components in all three directions is detailed in this paper for the skewed winding. It is shown that for some winding configurations alternating transverse torque components are generated, which may compromise stable operation in applications where for example magnetic or gas bearings are involved. Moreover the windings are analyzed with regard to a potential use as active magnetic radial bearings in high-speed applications. Finally, measurements are presented to verify the theoretical results.
Bisabolyl-Derived Sesquiterpenes from Tobacco 5-Epi-aristolochene Synthase-Catalyzed Cyclization of (2Z,6E)-Farnesyl Diphosphate (2010)

We report the structures and stereochemistry of seven bisabolyl-derived sesquiterpenes arising from an unprecedented 1,6-cyclization (cisoid pathway) efficiently catalyzed by tobacco 5-epi-aristolochene synthase (TEAS). The use of (2Z,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate as an alternate substrate for recombinant TEAS resulted in a robust enzymatic cyclization to an array of products derived exclusively (>/=99.5%) from the cisoid pathway, whereas these same products account for ca. 2.5% of the total hydrocarbons obtained using (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate. Chromatographic fractionations of extracts from preparative incubations with the 2Z,6E substrate afforded, in addition to the acyclic allylic alcohols (2Z,6E)-farnesol (6.7%) and nerolidol (3.6%), five cyclic sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and two cyclic sesquiterpene alcohols: (+)-2-epi-prezizaene (44%), (-)-alpha-cedrene (21.5%), (R)-(-)-beta-curcumene (15.5%), alpha-acoradiene (3.9%), 4-epi-alpha-acoradiene (1.3%), and equal amounts of alpha-bisabolol (1.8%) and epi-alpha-bisalolol (1.8%). The structures, stereochemistry, and enantiopurities were established by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, optical rotations, chemical correlations with known sesquiterpenes, comparisons with literature data, and GC analyses. The major product, (+)-2-epi-prezizaene, is structurally related to the naturally occurring tricyclic alcohol, jinkohol (2-epi-prezizaan-7beta-ol). Cisoid cyclization pathways are proposed by which all five sesquiterpene hydrocarbons are derived from a common (7R)-beta-bisabolyl(+)/pyrophosphate(-) ion pair intermediate. The implications of the "cisoid" catalytic activity of TEAS are discussed.
Industrial Applications of Olefin Metathesis Polymerization (2014)

This chapter discusses the industrial applications of olefin metathesis polymerization-derived product. The olefin metathesis polymerization-derived materials are niche products with very distinguished properties. Only the thermosetting poly(dicyclopentadiene) (pDCPD) holds promise of becoming a downmarket product, substituting to some extent epoxy-resins. Poly(norbornene) can be blended with many other elastomers, for example, natural rubber or styrene-butadiene rubber, to adjust the properties of the vulcanizates to the needs of the application. The cyclic olefin copolymers find application in optics, for example, lenses and prisms for cameras, especially for cameras of mobile phones or light guide plates used in liquid crystal displays. Polyalkenamers are linear polymers obtained from ring opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclic unsaturated monomers such as cyclooctene, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, or 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. NatureWax finds applications in personal care and candle production.
Joint mitigation of carrier frequency offset and phase noise in DVB-T2 receivers (2013)

An enhanced algorithm for the suppression of ICI due to the joint presence of carrier frequency offset and phase noise is proposed. Originally developed for mitigation of ICI due phase noise only, the algorithm is modified to also efficiently mitigate ICI due to carrier offset with a minimal increase in complexity. The technique performance is verified by simulations of a DVB-T2 receiver performance in the presence of a basic free-running oscillator. Algorithm implementation and trade-off procedures are outlined for use with a practical charge-pump PLL synthesizer.