gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a Disordered above Room Temperature Skyrmion Material Co8Zn8Mn4. (2021)

Topologically nontrivial spin textures host great promise for future spintronic applications. Skyrmions in particular are of burgeoning interest owing to their nanometric size, topological protection, and high mobility via ultra-low current densities. It has been previously reported through magnetic susceptibility, microscopy, and scattering techniques that Co8Zn8Mn4 forms an above room temperature triangular skyrmion lattice. Here, we report the synthesis procedure and characterization of a polycrystalline Co8Zn8Mn4 disordered bulk sample. We employ powder X-ray diffraction and backscatter Laue diffraction as characterization tools of the crystallinity of the samples, while magnetic susceptibility and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) measurements are performed to study the skyrmion phase. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show a dip anomaly in the magnetization curves, which persists over a range of approximately 305 K-315 K. SANS measurements reveal a rotationally disordered polydomain skyrmion lattice. Applying a symmetry-breaking magnetic field sequence, we were able to orient and order the previously jammed state to yield the prototypical hexagonal diffraction patterns with secondary diffraction rings. This emergence of the skyrmion order serves as a unique demonstration of the fundamental interplay of structural disorder and anisotropy in stabilizing the thermal equilibrium phase.
Association Between Baseline Use of Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers and Death Among Patients Tested for COVID‐19 (2021)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) drugs may modify risk associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Therefore, we assessed whether baseline therapy with ACEIs or ARBs was associated with lower mortality, respiratory failure (noninvasive ventilation or intubation), and renal failure (new renal replacement therapy) in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. This retrospective registry-based observational cohort study used data from a national database of emergency department patients tested for SARS-CoV-2. Symptomatic emergency department patients were accrued from January to October 2020, across 197 hospitals in the United States. Multivariable analysis using logistic regression evaluated end points among SARS-CoV-2-positive cases, focusing on ACEIs/ARBs and adjusting for covariates. Model performance was evaluated using the c statistic for discrimination and Cox plotting for calibration. A total of 13 859 (99.9%) patients had known mortality status, of whom 2045 (14.8%) died. Respiratory failure occurred in 2485/13 880 (17.9%) and renal failure in 548/13 813 (4.0%) patients with available data. ACEI/ARB status was associated with a 25% decrease in mortality odds (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95%CI, 0.59-0.94; P = .011; c = .82). ACEIs/ARBs were not significantly associated with respiratory failure (OR, 0.89; 95%CI, 0.78-1.06; P = .206) or renal failure (OR, 0.75; 95%CI, 0.55-1.04; P = .083). Adjusting for covariates, baseline ACEI/ARB was associated with 25% lower mortality in SARS-CoV-2-positive patients. The potential mechanism for ACEI/ARB mortality modification requires further exploration.
Advanced dynamic pyroelectric focal plane array (2010)

The pyroelectric effect has been characterized for single-pixel elements consisting of strontium bismuth tantalate (SBT) ferroelectric material as the sensing elements. These pixels have been integrated into second-generation focal plane arrays. The constituent second-generation pixels include thermal insulating layers and an infrared absorber layer. The MEMS-less arrays are operated in active mode, a technique that eliminates radiation choppers found in other passive pyroelectric IR imagers. This paper addresses the results of precursor 2x2 to 14x14 second-generation arrays of SBT elements, the active detection mechanism, and the unique read-out, interrogation signal, and the synchronization electronics. The second-generation 14x14 pixels array was implemented to demonstrate the performance of an active pyroelectric array as a precursor to larger size arrays using different pixel dimensions. The active mode detection eliminates the use of a chopper, enables the dynamic partition of the array into pixel domains in which pixel sensitivity in the domains can be adjusted independently. This unique feature in IR detection can be applied to the simultaneous tracking of diverse contrast objects. In addition, by controlling the thickness of the absorber material the arrays can be optimized for maximum response at specified wavelengths by means of quarter-wavelength interferometry.
Calibration of a windowless photoacoustic cell for detection of trace gases (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCalibration of a windowless photoacoustic cell for detection of trace gasesGyorgy Z. Angeli, Aniko M. Solyom, Andras. Miklos, and Dane D. BicanicCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 2, 155–158Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00026a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00026a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views130Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serotonin transporter polymorphism and response to SSRIs in major depression and relevance to anxiety disorders and substance abuse (2000)

The selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) which modulate serotonergic activity are effective in the treatment of serotonin-related mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety. These agents bind to the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and inhibit its capacity to transport serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT). A functional polymorphism in the promoter region of 5-HTT (5-HTTLPR) has been described. The insertion variant of this polymorphism (long allele) is associated with higher expression of brain 5-HTT compared to the deletion variant (short allele). An association between the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and mental disorders has been reported by some, but not all, investigators. In addition, the 5-HTT gene polymorphisms were found to be associated with a better and faster response to SSRIs with or without pindolol augmentation in depressed patients. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between the 5-HTT genotype, the susceptibility to mental disorders, the response to serotonergic agents and the side effect profile.
Adaptive Optics Scheme for Single Molecule Switching Microscopy (2014)

Aberrations frequently affect the performance of microscopes. Superresolution microscopes are more sensitive to aberrations. Specifically we have developed adaptive optics schemes for aberration compensation in a custom built single molecule switching microscope.
SOLAR DESALINATION (2012)

In many settings where freshwater resources or water supply infrastructure are inadequate, fossil energy costs may be high whereas solar energy is abundant. Further, in the industrialized world, government policies increasingly emphasize the replacement of fossil energy by renewable, low-carbon energy, and so water scarce regions are considering solar-driven desalination systems as a supplement to existing freshwater supplies. Even in regions where petroleum resources are copious, solar-driven desalination is attractive as a means of conserving fossil fuel resources and limiting the carbon footprint of desalination. Finally, in settings that are remote and 'off-the-grid," a solar driven desalination system may be more eco¬nomical than alternatives such as trucked-in water or desalination driven by diesel-generated electricity. This article reviews various technologies that couple thermal or electrical solar energy to thermal or membrane based desalination systems. Basic principles of desalination are reviewed. Solar stills and humidification-dehumidification desalination systems are discussed. Membrane distillation technology is reviewed. Current designs for solar coproduction of water and electricity are considered. Finally, photovoltaic driven reverse osmosis and electrodialysis are reviewed. The article concludes by summarizing the prospects for cost efficient solar desalination.
Full chip leakage-estimation considering power supply and temperature variations (2003)

Leakage power is emerging as a key design challenge in current and future CMOS designs. Since leakage is critically dependent on operating temperature and power supply, we present a full chip leakage estimation technique which accurately accounts for power supply and temperature variations. State of the art techniques are used to compute the thermal and power supply profile of the entire chip. Closed-form models are presented which relate leakage to temperature and VDD variations. These models coupled with the thermal and VDD profile are used to generate an accurate full chip leakage estimation technique considering environmental variations. The results of this approach are demonstrated on large-scale industrial designs.
Direct Detection of Products from the Pyrolysis of 2-Phenethyl Phenyl Ether (2011)

The pyrolysis of 2-phenethyl phenyl ether (PPE, C(6)H(5)C(2)H(4)OC(6)H(5)) in a hyperthermal nozzle (300-1350 °C) was studied to determine the importance of concerted and homolytic unimolecular decomposition pathways. Short residence times (<100 μs) and low concentrations in this reactor allowed the direct detection of the initial reaction products from thermolysis. Reactants, radicals, and most products were detected with photoionization (10.5 eV) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PIMS). Detection of phenoxy radical, cyclopentadienyl radical, benzyl radical, and benzene suggest the formation of product by the homolytic scission of the C(6)H(5)C(2)H(4)-OC(6)H(5) and C(6)H(5)CH(2)-CH(2)OC(6)H(5) bonds. The detection of phenol and styrene suggests decomposition by a concerted reaction mechanism. Phenyl ethyl ether (PEE, C(6)H(5)OC(2)H(5)) pyrolysis was also studied using PIMS and using cryogenic matrix-isolated infrared spectroscopy (matrix-IR). The results for PEE also indicate the presence of both homolytic bond breaking and concerted decomposition reactions. Quantum mechanical calculations using CBS-QB3 were conducted, and the results were used with transition state theory (TST) to estimate the rate constants for the different reaction pathways. The results are consistent with the experimental measurements and suggest that the concerted retro-ene and Maccoll reactions are dominant at low temperatures (below 1000 °C), whereas the contribution of the C(6)H(5)C(2)H(4)-OC(6)H(5) homolytic bond scission reaction increases at higher temperatures (above 1000 °C).
Correlation-Based Carrier Phase Estimation for WDM DP-QPSK Transmission (2008)

A novel algorithm for frequency offset compensation and carrier phase estimation in systems with 40 or 111 Gb/s coherent dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) with on-off keying or DP-QPSK neighbors is demonstrated. The algorithm, which applies correlation phase adjustment embedded between digital differential demodulation and nonredundant error correction, leads to a significant performance improvement over standard algorithms.
A Noise Reconfigurable Current-Reuse Resistive Feedback Amplifier with Signal Dependent Power Consumption for Fetal ECG Monitoring (2016)

This paper presents a noise-reconfigurable resistive feedback amplifier with current-reuse technique for fetal ECG monitoring. The proposed amplifier allows for both tuning of the noise level and changing the power consumption according to the signal properties, minimizing the total power consumption while satisfying all application requirements. The amplifier together with its amplitude detector and dynamical biasing circuit is implemented in a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process. Measurements demonstrate that the proposed current-reuse resistive feedback topology improves the power efficiency of the conventional resistive feedback amplifier, achieving at the same time a good noise efficiency factor (NEF = 2.8) and an input impedance of 20 MQ. The amplitude detector and the dynamical biasing circuit, which tunes the current in the amplifier according to the signal amplitude, save up to 40% of the total power consumption. The amplifier achieves a measured noise level of 0.34 μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> in a 0.6-175-Hz band, consuming 6.3-μW power.
Radiotherapy alters expression of molecular targets in prostate cancer in a fractionation- and time-dependent manner (2022)

The efficacy of molecular targeted therapy depends on expression and enzymatic activity of the target molecules. As radiotherapy modulates gene expression and protein phosphorylation dependent on dose and fractionation, we analyzed the long-term effects of irradiation on the post-radiation efficacy of molecular targeted drugs. We irradiated prostate cancer cells either with a single dose (SD) of 10 Gy x-ray or a multifractionated (MF) regimen with 10 fractions of 1 Gy. Whole genome arrays and reverse phase protein microarrays were used to determine gene expression and protein phosphorylation. Additionally, we evaluated radiation-induced pathway activation with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. To measure cell survival and sensitivity to clinically used molecular targeted drugs, we performed colony formation assays. We found increased activation of several pathways regulating important cell functions such as cell migration and cell survival at 24 h after MF irradiation or at 2 months after SD irradiation. Further, cells which survived a SD of 10 Gy showed a long-term upregulation and increased activity of multiple molecular targets including AKT, IGF-1R, VEGFR2, or MET, while HDAC expression was decreased. In line with this, 10 Gy SD cells were more sensitive to target inhibition with Capivasertib or Ipatasertib (AKTi), BMS-754807 (IGF-1Ri), or Foretinib (VEGFR2/METi), but less sensitive to Panobinostat or Vorinostat (HDACi). In summary, understanding the molecular short- and long-term changes after irradiation can aid in optimizing the efficacy of multimodal radiation oncology in combination with post-irradiation molecularly-targeted drug treatment and improving the outcome of prostate cancer patients.
Thermo-mechanical probe storage at Mbps single-probe data rates and Tbit in−2densities (2008)

Future applications for parallel probes, including probe-based data storage and probe lithography, demand that probe technologies achieve patterning rates in the megahertz per probe range at feature sizes below 30 nm, i.e. ∼1 Tbit in−2. If thermo-mechanical indentation of polymers is employed, some uncertainty remains as to whether the physics governing the indentation kinetics at these short timescales permits the fast indentation processes required. We demonstrate the feasibility of using polymer media for thermo-mechanical probe storage or lithography, at sliding speeds of 15 mm s−1 and sub-microsecond indentation times, which fall into this previously untapped regime.
Resampling, Antialiasing, and Compression in Multiview 3-D Displays (2007)

Multiview three-dimensional (3-D) displays offer viewing of high-resolution stereoscopic images from arbitrary positions without glasses. This article surveyed different approaches to develop signal processing algorithms for these displays. Such displays consist of view-dependent pixels that reveal a different color according to the viewing angle. Therefore, the left and right eye of an observer sees slightly different images on the screen. This leads to the perception of 3-D depth and parallax effects when the observer moves. Although the basic optical principles of multiview auto-stereoscopy have been known for over a century, only recently displays with increased resolution, or systems based on multiple projectors, have made this approach practical.
Effect on Growth, Photosynthesis, and Oxidative Stress of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Exposure to Marine AlgaDunaliella tertiolecta (2016)

Single walled carbon nanotubes were carboxylated by microwave assisted acid oxidation (f-SWCNTs) and examined for their ecotoxicity on marine alga chlorophyte <i>Dunaliella tertiolecta.</i> Toxicity was evaluated based on growth, photosynthetic activities, oxidative stress, and intracellular glutathione in the concentration range of 0.1-20 mg/L f-SWCNT. Physical interactions between the f-SWCNT and alga were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscope. Increasing the nanotube concentration increased the toxic effects where growth inhibition was as high as 30%, photosynthetic yield decreased by as much as 18%, and intracellular glutathione reduction reached 95%. The results from f-SWCNTs were somewhat different when compared to our previous study using the same algae and functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, where exposure led to longer lag phase and higher growth rate inhibition.
The Role of Metabolic Biomarkers in Drug Toxicity Studies (2008)

ABSTRACT Metabolic profiling is a technique that can potentially provide more sensitive and specific biomarkers of toxicity than the current clinical measures benefiting preclinical and clinical drug studies. Both nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) platforms have been used for metabolic profiling studies of drug toxicity. Not only can both techniques provide novel biomarker(s) of toxicity but the combination of both techniques gives a broader range of metabolites evaluated. Changes in metabolic patterns can provide insight into mechanism(s) of toxicity and help to eliminate a potentially toxic new chemical entity earlier in the developmental process. Metabolic profiling offers numerous advantages in toxicological research and screening as sample collection and preparation are relatively simple. Further, sample throughput, reproducibility, and accuracy are high. The area of drug toxicity of therapeutic compounds has already been impacted by metabolic profiling studies and will continue to be impacted as new, more specific biomarker(s) are found. In order for a biomarker or pattern of biomarkers to be accepted, it must be shown that they originate from the target tissue of interest. Metabolic profiling studies are amenable to any biofluid or tissue sample making it possible to link the changes noted in urine for instance as originating from renal injury. Additionally, the ease of sample collection makes it possible to follow a single animal or subject over time in order to determine whether and when the toxicity resolves itself. This review focuses on the advantages of metabolic profiling for drug toxicity studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics and Substituent Effects in the Formation of Zirconocene Thioaldehyde Complexes: β‐Hydride Elimination versus Cyclometalation. (1988)

Abstract The formation of the thioaldehyde complexes (V) is investigated using (Va) as an example and is found to follow first‐order kinetics independent of trimethylphosphine concentration.
Comment on mr-2022-23 (2022)

<strong class="journal-contentHeaderColor">Abstract.</strong> Long-lived states (LLSs) have lifetimes <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i><sub>LLS</sub></span> that can be much longer than longitudinal relaxation times <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i><sub>1</sub></span>. In molecules containing several geminal pairs of protons in neighboring CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> groups, it has been shown that <i>delocalized</i> LLSs can be excited by converting magnetization into imbalances between the populations of singlet and triplet states of each pair. Since the empirical yield of the conversion and reconversion of observable magnetization into LLSs and back is on the order of 10â% if one uses spin-lock induced crossing (SLIC), it would be desirable to boost the sensitivity by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d-DNP). To enhance the magnetization of nuclear spins by d-DNP, the analytes must be mixed with radicals such as 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPOL). After dissolution, these radicals lead to an undesirable paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) which shortens not only the longitudinal relaxation times <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i><sub>1</sub></span> but also the lifetimes <span class="inline-formula"><i>T</i><sub>LLS</sub></span> of LLSs. It is shown in this work that PRE by TEMPOL is less deleterious for LLSs than for longitudinal magnetization for four different molecules: 2,2-dimethyl-2-silapentane-5-sulfonate (DSS), homotaurine, taurine, and acetylcholine. The relaxivities <span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i><sub>LLS</sub></span> (i.e., the slopes of the relaxation rate constants <span class="inline-formula"><i>R</i><sub>LLS</sub></span> as a function of the radical concentration) are 3 to 5 times smaller than the relaxivities <span class="inline-formula"><i>r</i><sub>1</sub></span> of longitudinal magnetization. Partial delocalization of the LLSs across neighboring CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> groups may decrease this advantage, but in practice, this effect was observed to be small, for example, when comparing taurine containing two CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> groups and homotaurine with three CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> groups. Regardless of whether the LLSs are delocalized or not, it is shown that PRE should not be a major problem for experiments combining d-DNP and LLSs, provided the concentration of paramagnetic species after dissolution does not exceed 1âmM, a condition that is readily fulfilled in typical d-DNP experiments. In bullet d-DNP experiments however, it may be necessary to decrease the concentration of TEMPOL or to add ascorbate for chemical reduction.