gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical model for liquid droplet motion on vertical plain-fin surface (2014)

In order to predict the performance of tube-finned heat exchangers under dehumidifying condition and to optimize the fin geometries, the behavior of a liquid droplet on vertical plain-fin surfaces needs to be investigated. The objective of this article is to develop a model for liquid droplet motion on vertical plain-fin surfaces. To achieve this goal, the mechanism of droplet motion is analyzed. The volume of fluid-continuous surface force method, with the contact angles of droplet being specified, is employed to simulate the liquid droplet motion. The sub-model for calculating varying contact angles of droplet under the interactions of gravitation, surface tension and airflow force is obtained based on the analysis of the acting forces. The prediction was verified by experimental data and verification results show that the relative deviations of minimum contact angle and velocity are within 0.4%∼1.8% and 5.7%∼10.0%, respectively.
Aneuploidy and telomere attrition are independent determinants of crisis in SV40-transformed epithelial cells. (2003)

Replicative immortality is achieved in vitro by overcoming two mortality checkpoints, M1 (senescence) and M2 (crisis). Cancer cells are thought to overcome M2 by activating telomerase, an enzyme believed to confer genomic stability in addition to maintaining telomeric sequences above a critical length. Here we show that a subset of cultured ovarian cystadenoma cells expressing SV40 large T-antigen, which allows bypassing of M1, develop a specific type of genomic instability, characterized by numerical (as opposed to structural) chromosomal alterations, that leads to non-telomere-based premature growth arrest/crisis. Cells recover from this type of growth arrest and stabilize their ploidy status without telomerase expression. In these cases, telomeres continue to shorten until a second, telomere-based growth arrest/crisis event is reached. Transfection of the catalytic subunit of telomerase does not immortalize cells harboring severe abnormalities in their DNA ploidy but results in immortalization of diploid cells. We conclude that changes in DNA ploidy constitute an important determinant of growth arrest that is independent of telomere attrition in a subset of SV40 large T-antigen-expressing cystadenoma cells. Reestablishment or emergence of ploidy stability, which is not always dependent on telomerase activation, is necessary for acquisition of the potential to achieve replicative immortality.
Targeting de novo lipogenesis and the Lands cycle induces ferroptosis in KRAS-mutant lung cancer (2022)

Mutant KRAS (KM), the most common oncogene in lung cancer (LC), regulates fatty acid (FA) metabolism. However, the role of FA in LC tumorigenesis is still not sufficiently characterized. Here, we show that KMLC has a specific lipid profile, with high triacylglycerides and phosphatidylcholines (PC). We demonstrate that FASN, the rate-limiting enzyme in FA synthesis, while being dispensable in EGFR-mutant or wild-type KRAS LC, is required for the viability of KMLC cells. Integrating lipidomic, transcriptomic and functional analyses, we demonstrate that FASN provides saturated and monounsaturated FA to the Lands cycle, the process remodeling oxidized phospholipids, such as PC. Accordingly, blocking either FASN or the Lands cycle in KMLC, promotes ferroptosis, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and iron-dependent cell death, characterized by the intracellular accumulation of oxidation-prone PC. Our work indicates that KM dictates a dependency on newly synthesized FA to escape ferroptosis, establishing a targetable vulnerability in KMLC.
Efficient modeling of a small circular loop coupling to multi-conductor transmission lines above a PEC ground (2016)

A low-frequency coupling model from a small circular loop antenna to a multi-conductor transmission line (TL) system composed of N perfect electric conductor (PEC) wires above a PEC ground is presented. The telegrapher's equations for the model are presented, and a computationally efficient analytical solution for the induced current distributions is formulated for each wire. An example is constructed in FEKO and the induced currents are compared with the proposed method, showing excellent agreement.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Organic Reactions Promoted by Immobilized Chiral Catalysts in Continuous Flow Systems (2013)

Abstract Review: &lt; 60 refs.
DiCE (2019)

In stereoscopic displays, such as those used in VR/AR headsets, our two eyes are presented with different views. The disparity between the views is typically used to convey depth cues, but it could be used for other purposes. We devise a novel technique that takes advantage of binocular fusion to boost perceived local contrast and visual quality of images. Since the technique is based on fixed tone-curves, it has negligible computational cost and it is well suited for real-time applications, such as VR rendering. To control the trade-off between the level of enhancement and binocular rivalry, we conduct a series of experiments that lead to a new finding, explaining the factors that dominate the rivalry perception in a dichoptic presentation where two images of different contrasts are displayed. With this new inding, we demonstrate that the enhancement can be quantitatively measured and binocular rivalry is well controlled.
Providing Clarity and A Common Language to the “Fuzzy Front End” (2001)

OVERVIEW:Eight companies that were Process Effectiveness Network members of the Industrial Research Institute attempted to collectively determine the best practices of the Fuzzy Front End (FFE) of innovation. Comparing one company's processes to those of another proved insurmountable because there was neither a common language nor clear and consistent definition of the key elements of the front end. As a result, the group developed a theoretical construct, defined as the New Concept Development (NCD) model, in order to provide a common language and insights on the front end activities. The model consists of three key parts: five front end elements, the engine that powers the elements, and external influencing factors. Proficiency of the FFE was evaluated at 19 companies by using the NCD model. Highly innovative companies were found to be more proficient in the FFE and in several elements of the NCD model.
Dynamic photoswitching of micropatterned lasing in colloidal crystals by the photochromic reaction (2012)

In this report, we successfully demonstrate the reversible photoswitching of micropatterned lasing in colloidal crystals (CCs) by the photochromic reaction. The CC-laser (CC-L) cavity proposed in this study consists of a photochromic light-emitting planar defect, containing both diarylethene and pyrromethene compounds, between a pair of CC films. Optical excitation of the CC-L cavity with a low threshold power gives rise to a single laser emission peak with a narrow spectral linewidth of 0.16 nm, which appears within the reflection wavelength range of CC films by the defect mode localized in the photonic band-gap (PBG). From a theoretical standpoint, such defect mode lasing is supported by numerical calculation on the basis of the scalar wave approximation (SWA) results of CC films. When the CC-L cavity is alternately irradiated with 313 nm and 530 nm light, the single laser emission peak is dynamically switched by the photochromic reaction of the diarylethene compound in the CC-L cavity. We can observe the high contrast micropatterned lasing images with a high resolution of only a few micrometers as the most interesting performance. Various micropatterned images of laser emission are reversibly erased and rewritten by alternating photoirradiation with 313 nm and 530 nm light through photomasks. We can envisage that unique photoswitchable lasers are realized by combining the photochromic light-emitting materials in various 1D-, 2D- and 3D-photonic crystal (PC) systems. This report provides new guidelines not only to realize the on-demand photocontrol of laser feedback effects by using photochromic compounds in a variety of PCs, but also to fabricate small-sized and high density all-optical photoswitching devices in next generation optoelectronics.
Joint Torque Analysis for Humans in Underwater Environment with Parallel Wire Driven Systems (2006)

We propose a new method to estimate joint torque of human arms in underwater environment. In the proposed method, a parallel wire driven system drives an end point of a subject's arm to measure the end-point force, and joint torque is estimated with the measured end-point force and the subject's limb length. Since the force sensors with wire used in this system is small enough, the measured torque can be gained under less influence of hydrodynamics on the sensors. We verify the accuracy of the estimation method experimentally and confirm that the proposed method can estimate joint torque of a human arm. We compare the joint torque data of the same trajectory in the different environment and extract the effect of hydrodynamics on human motions in underwater environment.
Synthesis of Triamidoamine Complexes of Niobium (1996)

Triamidoamine complexes of niobium where E = O, NSiMe3 can be prepared by treating NbOCl3(THF)2 or Nb(NSiMe3)Cl3(py)2, respectively, with Li3[(Me3SiNCH2CH2)3N] (Li3[N3N]). [N3N]NbO reacts with excess triethylaluminum to yield [N3N]NbO·AlEt3, with Me3SiX (X = OTf, I) to yield [N3N]NbOSiMe3+X- (4), and with methyl triflate to afford [N3N]NbOMe+OTf- (5). Reduction of 4 or 5 with sodium amalgam in tetrahydrofuran yields [N3N]NbOR (R = SiMe3, Me).
A MODEL FOR STUDYING THE ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE URINARY BLADDER OF DOGS1 (1970)

SUMMARY The problem of urinary tract infection in paraplegic patients and the need for a better method of artificial evacuation of the urinary bladder are emphasised. The literature related to the electrical stimulation of the urinary bladder is reviewed and the problems encountered are enumerated. An equivalent circuit for the bladder impedance of dogs is presented. This model provides a better understanding of the electrical stimulation of the urinary bladder in dogs.
A 70-year-old male with peripheral neuropathy, ataxia and antigliadin antibodies shows improvement in neuropathy, but not ataxia, after intravenous immunoglobulin and gluten-free diet (2008)

This is a case of a 70-year-old man with severe peripheral neuropathy, type 2 diabetes and progressively worsening cerebellar ataxia. He was found to have circulating antigliadin and antireticulin antibodies compatible with celiac disease in the absence of intestinal pathology. The peripheral neuropathy improved with a gluten-free diet, antioxidants and intravenous immunoglobulin, whereas the ataxia did not. This case illustrates the need to test for celiac disease in patients with idiopathic ataxia and peripheral neuropathy and the need for alternative therapies for ataxia.
<p>Evaluating Daratumumab in the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma: Safety, Efficacy and Place in Therapy</p> (2020)

Despite the tremendous advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma, mortality remains significant, highlighting the need for new effective strategies. In recent years, daratumumab, a novel human monoclonal antibody, binding CD38, has dramatically improved outcomes either as monotherapy or in combination with traditional regimens. Originally approved for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma, this breakthrough medication is now being used as frontline therapy in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma regardless of transplant eligibility, with trials showing promising results. Its tolerable side-effect profile and enhanced efficacy have led to its widespread incorporation into the management of multiple myeloma and further exploration about its use in other entities such as smoldering myeloma, MGUS, MGRS and amyloidosis. This comprehensive review will discuss daratumumab's mechanism of action and safety profile, as well as research which has defined its current approved indications, and ongoing clinical investigation that will define its future.
Therapeutic sustainability and durability of coflex interlaminar stabilization after decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis: a four year assessment (2015)

There are clear differences in both therapeutic sustainability and intended clinical effect of ILS compared to posterolateral fusion with pedicle screw fixation after decompression for spinal stenosis. There are CCS differences between coflex and fusion cohorts noted at four years post-op similar to the trends revealed in the two year data used for PMA approval. When therapeutic sustainability outcomes are added to the CCS, ILS is proven to be a sustainable treatment for stabilization of the vertebral motion segment after decompression for lumbar spinal stenosis.
Differential antibody binding to the surface TCR{middle dot}CD3 complex of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes is conserved in mammals and associated with differential glycosylation (2008)

We have previously shown that the surface alphabeta T cell antigen receptor (TCR).CD3 complex borne by human CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes can be distinguished using mAbs. Using two unrelated sets of antibodies, we have now extended this finding to the surface alphabetaTCR.CD3 of seven additional mammalian species (six non-human primates and the mouse). We have also produced data supporting that differential glycosylation of the two main T cell subsets is involved in the observed TCR.CD3 antibody-binding differences in humans. First, we show differential lectin binding to human CD4(+) versus CD8(+) T lymphocytes, particularly with galectin 7. Second, we show that certain lectins can compete differentially with CD3 mAb binding to human primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes. Third, N-glycan disruption using swainsonine was shown to increase mAb binding to the alphabetaTCR.CD3. We conclude that the differential antibody binding to the surface alphabetaTCR.CD3 complex of primary CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes is phylogenetically conserved and associated with differential glycosylation. The differences may be exploited for therapeutic purposes, such as T cell lineage-specific immunosuppression of graft rejection. Also, the impact of glycosylation on CD3 antibody binding requires a cautious interpretation of CD3 expression levels and T cell numbers in clinical diagnosis.
Stimulation and inhibition of human T cell subsets by wheat germ agglutinin. (1985)

Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), a tetravalent lectin, has both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on human T lymphocytes. It has been suggested that these actions are related and that WGA selectively stimulates a suppressive subset of T cells. We studied the ability of WGA to stimulate and inhibit subpopulations of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) known to have helper or suppressor activity. Fresh human PBMC were depleted of either T4+ or T8+ cells by using antibody-mediated complement lysis. The resultant cell populations were stimulated with WGA, and the proliferative response was assessed by [3H]thymidine incorporation, IL 2 receptor expression, the ability to elaborate IL 2 in culture supernatants, and the susceptibility to inhibition by the monoclonal antibody anti-Tac. Similar experiments with cells from a WGA-responsive continuous T cell culture were also performed. WGA inhibited phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-induced proliferation of PBMC depleted of either T4+ or T8+ cells. WGA also inhibited PBMC that had been depleted of adherent cells and Ia+ cells and then induced to proliferate with a combination of TPA and PHA. Our findings indicate that WGA induces IL 2-dependent proliferation in a small proportion of both T4+ and T8+ lymphocytes. We also provide evidence that the inhibitory activity of WGA is not mediated by a T4+, T8+, or Ia+ cell, suggesting that WGA acts directly on the proliferating cell rather than selectively stimulating a suppressive subpopulation.
Adaptive optics for three-dimensional optical data storage and micromachining (2006)

Many high resolution optical methods are affected by the presence of optical aberrations. These include microscopy, three-dimensional optical data storage and optical micromachining. We investigate the use of adaptive aberration correction applied to these techniques. In particular, it is shown how a deformable membrane mirror can be used to correct the aberrations when focusing deep into a multilayer optical data storage medium for both recording and read-out of data. Aberration correction for optical micromaching deep inside a substrate is also demonstrated.
Neural Prostheses (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Fundamentals of Electrical Stimulation of the Nervous System Fundamentals of Electrodes and Stimulus Waveforms Motor System Neural Prostheses Sensory Neural Prostheses
Fault and Fracture Characterization Using 3D Interval Pressure Transient Tests (2002)

Abstract Permeability is one of the most important parameters that affects almost all phases of reservoir management and well performance. It is considered to be the most basic formation property and a tensor (directional dependence). As stated well by Weber1 in 1986: "Reservoir heterogeneity is among the major reasons why enhanced oil recovery is so difficult. Projects undertaken without detail reservoir evaluation often end in failures related to unexpected baffles to flow, permeability heterogeneity, or wrong appreciation of the residual oil distribution." Fractures and faults can behave as barriers, baffles, or open channels to fluid flow in the reservoir and often cause early water breakthrough, gas channeling, etc. that are costly. In this paper, we use 3D interval pressure transient tests to estimate horizontal and vertical permeabilities and to delineate of fracture and fault conductivities. 3D interval pressure transient tests are conducted using the wireline conveyed dual-inflatable-packer module with multiple observation probes that can be set along the wellbore a number of times as the number of fracture and fault zones require. The dual-packer, with one meter open interval is set against the borehole wall to hydraulically isolate the tested section from the rest of the wellbore. In this set up, the dual-packer open interval encircles fractured and/or faulted zones. The formation fluid is produced through the isolated packer interval for more than a few hours, after which a pressure buildup test takes place. For the interval tests, the observation probes are usually mounted above and/or below the packer module. These probes measure pressure changes due production from the open interval at different locations in the formation. For the interpretation of each interval test, first we use the well-known flow regime identification methods of pressure transient testing. After the flow regime identification and analysis, we use a computationally efficient optimization algorithm that allows simultaneous nonlinear parameter estimation of the unknown parameters (horizontal and vertical permeabilities and fracture and fault conductivities) from 3D transient pressure measurements that are spatially distributed. For this nonlinear estimation or history matching, a detailed reservoir model is constructed by incorporating to all geological and well openhole log data, particularly resistivity images that are crucial for identifying, testing, and modeling faults and fractures. During the minimization process, the reservoir model and its parameters are updated as all pressure measurements are matched with the model behavior. This process is continued until a satisfactory match is obtained for all 3D transient pressure tests. Two examples (one synthetic and one actual field data) are presented to demonstrate the application of the methodology.
Robustification of decentralized PID control for small unmanned rotorcraft (2007)

This paper presents a practical and simple approach to the design of autonomous flight control of miniature helicopters. It considers a standard easily tunable PID control as the starting step of the design. Then, robust loop-shaping techniques are applied to derive a controller with optimal properties with respect to robustness, noise sensitivity, and bandwidth. Comprehensive analysis and simulation experiments show the validity and practicality of the proposed control design and analysis procedures.
Alignment: A New Software Architecture Approach to Support Streamlining Business Processes (2010)

Traditional business structures nowadays have to change fast to keep up with customers needs, which is often not possible due to monolithic software architectures and multiple software systems that do neither respond to process requirements nor interact well. Many existing software systems, however, are too complex and too unrelated to the business to support this change accurately. New ways of software architecture are needed to respond to changing requirements and support the business processes. Information systems have to be integrated into the organization’s structures. It seems that a component-based software architecture, which supports the whole value chain, forms the basis for a business process reorganization to enable changes. In this paper we introduce a modeling approach based on Clabjects. We demonstrate how that approach can be applied to an industrial case in order to streamline and support the business processes. Further, this paper further describes the envisioned business process improvements.
IUPAC definition of the halogen bond (2017)

Halogen atoms in organic compounds typically can be found at the periphery of molecules. For this reason, they are ideally positioned to be involved in intermolecular interactions. In fact, thanks to the large number of halogenated drugs and inhibitors, interactions involving halogen atoms are frequently observed in protein-ligand complexes. Halogens also occur naturally in biological systems. The best-known examples of this are probably the iodinated thyroid hormones, such as thyroxine. The crystal structure of the transport protein transthyretin complexed with thyroxine showed multiple iodine to carbonyl oxygen contacts involved in hormone binding [1]. It is well-known that the electron density around the halogen nucleus is highly anisotropic so that halogens can serve both as electron-acceptors and donors. While it could acknowledged that the terminology used to name noncovalent interactions given by halogen atoms has to be as unifying as possible, this has always to be done in keeping with the electrophile/nucleophile role the halogen atom plays. A halogen bond occurs when there is evidence of a net attractive interaction between an electrophilic region associated with a halogen atom in a molecular entity and a nucleophilic region in another, or the same, molecular entity. A typical halogen bond may be denoted by the three dots in R-XY. R-X is the halogen bond donor, X is any halogen atom with an electrophilic (electron poor) region, and R is a group covalently bound to X. In some cases, X may be covalently bound to more than one group. It may also form more than one halogen bond. Y is the halogen bond acceptor and is typically a molecular entity possessing at least one nucleophilic (electron rich) region (e.g., a lone pair, or a pi system) [2]. The definition itself sheds light on the nature of XB, which possesses numerous similarities with the hydrogen bond, wherein hydrogen functions as the acceptor of electron density. However, the use of the term halogen bond has to be limited to those interactions wherein halogens function as acceptors of electron density. Its use also to address interactions in which halogen atoms functions as electron-donors is conceptually misleading and contrasts with the clear tendency, well-documented in the literature, to name such R-HY interactions differently (i.e., hydrogen bonds) [3].