gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CCD Neural Network Processors for Pattern Recognition (1991)

A CCD-based processor that we call the NNC2 is presented. The NNC2 implements a fully connected 192-input, 32-output two-layer network and can be cascaded to form multilayer networks or used in parallel for ad-ditional input or output nodes. The device computes 1.92 x 109 connec-tions/sec when clocked at 10 MHz. Network weights can be specified to six bits of accuracy and are stored on-chip in programmable digital memories. A neural network pattern recognition system using NNC2 and CCD im-age feature extractor (IFE) devices is described. Additionally, we report a CCD output circuit that exploits inherent nonlinearities in the charge injection process to realize an adjustable-threshold sigmoid in a chip area of 40 x 80 J.tlU2. 1
Transcriptome sequencing of neonatal thymic epithelial cells (2013)

In order to gain novel insights into thymus biology, we analysed the whole transcriptome of cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells (cTECs and mTECs) and of skin epithelial cells (ECs). Consistent with their ability to express ectopic genes, mTECs expressed more genes than other cell populations. Out of a total of 15,069 genes expressed in TECs, 25% were differentially expressed by at least 5-fold in cTECs vs. mTECs. Genes expressed at higher levels in cTECs than mTECs regulate numerous cell functions including cell differentiation, cell movement and microtubule dynamics. Many positive regulators of the cell cycle were overexpressed in skin ECs relative to TECs. Our RNA-seq data provide novel systems-level insights into the transcriptional landscape of TECs, highlight substantial divergences in the transcriptome of TEC subsets and suggest that cell cycle progression is differentially regulated in TECs and skin ECs.
T/Key (2017)

Time-based one-time password (TOTP) systems in use today require storing secrets on both the client and the server. As a result, an attack on the server can expose all second factors for all users in the system. We present T/Key, a time-based one-time password system that requires no secrets on the server. Our work modernizes the classic S/Key system and addresses the challenges in making such a system secure and practical. At the heart of our construction is a new lower bound analyzing the hardness of inverting hash chains composed of independent random functions, which formalizes the security of this widely used primitive. Additionally, we develop a near-optimal algorithm for quickly generating the required elements in a hash chain with little memory on the client. We report on our implementation of T/Key as an Android application. T/Key can be used as a replacement for current TOTP systems, and it remains secure in the event of a server-side compromise. The cost, as with S/Key, is that one-time passwords are longer than the standard six characters used in TOTP.
Twenty-five percent positive biopsy rate in a high risk prostate cancer screening program with a PSA ≤ 2.5 ng/ml (2005)

4557 Background: African-American (AA) males and Caucasian males with a family history of prostate cancer (PCA) have been shown to be at increased risk of developing prostate cancer. We report the results of the first 520 males enrolled in a high-risk prostate cancer screening program. Methods: AA men and Caucasian men with at least one first-degree or ≥ 2 second degree relatives diagnosed with PCA between the ages of 35 and 69 were eligible for enrollment into the Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program. Caucasian men testing positive for the BRAC1 gene were also eligible. Biopsy criteria included abnormal DRE, PSA >4 ng/ml and PSA ≥ 2 & <4 and free PSA <22%. Investigated variables between groups included: race, family history, income, education level, marital status, PSA and Gleason score in patients diagnosed with cancer. A chi-square test, t-test and ANOVA were used to test significance between groups and investigated variables. Results: A total of 520 men, 200 Caucasian, 315 AA men, and 5 men of other races were enrolled between 10/96 and 9/04. A total of 75 men, 44 AA and 31 Caucasian, underwent 101 biopsies. The median age at biopsy was 56 (37–73). The median PSA at biopsy was 3.5 (0.4–53.6 ng/ml) with a median percent free PSA (fPSA) of 15 (3.5–29). PCA was found in 45% percent of men biopsied, with 26% of patients with PCA having Gleason score of ≥ 7. Twenty-five percent (11/44) of patients with a PSA ≤ 2.5 ng/ml had PCA with a marginally significant lower fPSA compared to patients with negative biopsies, (p=0.0642). Logistic regression found the lower the fPSA the more likely the diagnosis of PCA. Conclusions: Our biopsy criteria resulted in a diagnosis of PCA in 45% overall and 25% of men with a PSA ≤ 2.5 ng/ml in a high-risk screening program undergoing biopsy. 25% of the men diagnosed with PCA would have had a PSA below the newly recommended NCCN screening guideline. Aggressive screening parameters are appropriate for men at high-risk for developing PCA. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Low inappropriate shock rates in patients with single- and dual/triple-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillators using a novel suite of detection algorithms: PainFree SST trial primary results (2015)

In a large patient cohort receiving ICDs for primary or secondary prevention, the adoption of novel enhanced detection algorithms in conjunction with routine implementation of modern programming strategies led to a very low inappropriate shock rate.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Milatuzumab–SN-38 Conjugates for the Treatment of CD74<sup>+</sup> Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 718 KB, (A) Release of doxorubicin from milatuzumab (hLL1)-doxorubicin conjugate at pH 5, 37 degrees Celsius and (B) in serum at 37 degrees Celsius&lt;/p&gt;
Nickel(0)-Catalyzed Enantio- and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Benzoxasiloles: Ligand-Controlled Switching from Inter- to Intramolecular Aryl-Transfer Process (2015)

A highly enantioselective synthesis of 3-aryl-, vinyl-, and alkynyl-2,1-benzoxasiloles (up to 99.9% ee and 99% yield) was achieved via the sequential activation of an aldehyde and a silane by nickel(0). This strategy was applied to a simultaneous generation of carbon- and silicon-stereogenic centers with excellent selectivity (dr = 99:1) via diastereotopic aryl transfer. Initial mechanistic studies revealed the complete switching of an aryl-transfer process from an intermolecular (racemic synthesis in the presence of IPr) to an intramolecular (enantioselective synthesis using chiral NHC, L5) fashion. A plausible rationale for the switching of the aryl-transfer process is given by a preliminary DFT calculation, which suggests that the coordination of 1 to the nickel(0)/L5 fragment in an η(2)-arene:η(2)-aldehyde fashion would be a key to the intramolecular process, while the formation of the corresponding intermediate is not possible in the presence of IPr. Owing to the chemically labile nature of its C-Si and O-Si bonds, enantioenriched benzoxasiloles are utilized for the synthesis of chiral building blocks and antihistaminic and anticholinergic drug molecules such as (R)-orphenadrine and (S)-neobenodine with no erosion of the enantiomeric excess.
SAT-based image computation with application in reachability analysis (2000)

Abstract. Image computation nds wide application in VLSI CAD, such as state reachability analysis in formal veri cation and synthesis, combinational veri cation, combinational and sequential test. Existing BDD-based symbolic algorithms for image computation are limited by memory resources in practice, while SAT-based algorithms that can obtain the image byenumerating satisfying assignments to a CNF representation of the Boolean relation are potentially limited by time resources. We propose new algorithms that combine BDDs and SAT inorder to exploit their complementary bene ts, and to o er a mechanism for trading o space vs. time. In particular, (1) our integrated algorithm uses BDDs to represent the input and image sets, and a CNF formula to represent the Boolean relation, (2) a fundamental enhancement called BDD Bounding is used whereby the SAT solver uses the BDDs for the input set and the dynamically changing image set to prune the search space of all solutions, (3) BDDs are used to compute all solutions below intermediate points in the SAT decision tree, (4) a ne-grained variable quanti cation schedule is used for each BDD subproblem, based on the CNF representation of the Boolean relation. These enhancements coupled with more engineering heuristics lead to an overall algorithm that can potentially handle larger problems. This is supported by our preliminary results on exact reachability analysis of ISCAS benchmark circuits. 1
The Double Photodissociation of Geminal, Dichloride (1989)

Photolysis of dichlorodiphenylmethane in glassy 2-MeTHF at 77K results in the formation of diphenylcarbene and the diphenylchloromethyl radical, which were detected by their flourescence emission and excitation spectra. The relative yield of the carbene to radical is shown to vary dramatically as a function of irradiation time. The photolability of the radical is also demonstated. These results were interpreted in terms of a two step mechanism, where the diphenylchloromethyl radical is an intermediate in the formation of diphenylcarbene.
Mind the Gap - A Benchmark for Dense Depth Prediction Beyond Lidar (2020)

The large interest in autonomous vehicles is a significant driver for computer vision research. Current deep learning approaches are capable of impressive feats, like dense full frame depth prediction from a single image. While impressive results have been achieved, it is not yet clear if they are sufficient for autonomous driving. The problem remains that existing evaluation benchmarks and metrics are not yet capable of fully addressing this issue. This work takes a step towards answering this question. Current evaluation methods are incapable of proving or refuting suitability for potentially hazardous real world situations. This is due to a) the large gaps in the currently used Lidar ground truth data, which cannot test many difficult and relevant cases and b) the global summary metrics used, which are intangible with respect to rigorous performance guarantees. In this work we provide a new benchmark based on commercially available dense light-field depth data, which closes these gaps in the evaluation. We implement domain-specific and interpretable error metrics, which allow for strict assertions over the performance of tested methods. The leaderboard for dense depth prediction is publicly available. The approach is also transferable to other depth estimation tasks. Such stringent evaluations are indispensable when testing and demonstrating performance for potentially hazardous applications like autonomous driving, and are a critical aspect for the assessment of autonomous systems by regulatory bodies as well as for public acceptance.
Cavity Optomechanical Photothermal Sensors (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate a cavity optomechanical sensor that is actuated with gradient optical forces. The sensor can detect incident radiation via absorption and resulting photothermally-induced frequency shifts of the nanomechanical oscillator. Analysis suggests that nanostrain sensitivity and fJ-level energy detection are possible.
Criteria for drop generation in multiphase microfluidic devices (2017)

A theory is presented for the transition between the coflowing and the drop-generation regimes observed in microfluidic channels with a rectangular cross section. This transition is characterized by a critical ratio of the dispersed- to continuous-phase volume flow rates. At flow-rate ratios higher than this critical value, drop generation is suppressed. The critical ratio corresponds to the fluid cross section where the dispersed-phase fluid is just tangent to the channel walls. The transition criterion is a function of the ratio of the fluid viscosities, the three-phase contact angle formed between the fluid phases and the channel walls, and the aspect ratio of the channel cross section; the transition is independent of interfacial tension. Hysteretic behavior of drop generation with respect to the flow-rate ratio is predicted for partially wetting dispersed-phase fluids. Experimental data are consistent with this theory.
Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in two populations of Australian schoolchildren. II. Relative importance of associated factors (1987)

In a cross-sectional study of 2363 schoolchildren living in two rural areas of New South Wales, we used a questionnaire to collect details of sex, area of residence, social class, early respiratory illness (ERI), parental history of asthma and recent upper respiratory tract infection (URTI), and we used skin-prick tests to measure atopic status. The relative importance of these factors on the likelihood of children having bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) was assessed using a linear modelling analysis. The extent to which these factors affected the severity of BHR was also examined. We found that social class or recent URTI had no association with BHR, that sex and area of residence (inland or coastal) had a small association and that a history of early respiratory illness, a history of asthma in either parent, and atopic status had an important association with BHR. Atopic status was the most important factor. The proportion of children with atopy, with ERI or with parental asthma increased as the severity of BHR increased. The odds ratio for moderate or severe BHR doubled if either ERI or parental asthma was present in addition to atopy and there was a six-fold increase if all three factors were present together. The identification of these risk factors makes it possible to predict which children in the community are most likely to have BHR, and which children are at high risk for having more severe levels of BHR.
ChemInform Abstract: Hetero‐Atom Substituted Chromium Allyls: Synthetic Studies on Neocarzinostatin (I) Analogues. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The macrophage migration inhibition (MIF) assay as a marker of colorectal cancer (1987)

A specific macrophage migration inhibition assay, using patient lymphocytes incubated with a human colonic cancer extract, was studied in 92 patients with proven colorectal cancer and in 134 other individuals (20 normal controls, 80 patients with various nonmalignant gastrointestinal diseases, and 34 patients with extracolonic malignancies). A positive response was obtained in 78 of 92 colorectal cancer patients, but in none of the 20 normal controls. A positive response occurred in four of 34 patients with extracolonic malignancies and in approximately half of patients with colonic adenomas and in one third of patients with ulcerative colitis. The significance of positive results in these patients (with diseases considered premalignant) is unclear, and is being studied further. In patients with previous resection of colorectal cancers, positive responses were frequent during the first year following resection, and rare thereafter. The results suggest that this method may be useful as a clinical marker for colorectal cancer, and warrants further technical refinement and study of specific patient populations.
Shear and longitudinal ultrasonic measurements of solid fat dispersions (2004)

Abstract Dispersions of coating fat in corn oil (2.5–12.5 wt%) were prepared following two different protocols: Type A dispersions had an average crystal size of 30–36 μm, whereas type B dispersions were less than 1 μm. In both dispersions the fat crystals were aggregated into larger structures (up to 80 μm). The longitudinal ultrasonic properties (i.e., velocity, attenuation, and reflectance) were linearly related to the solid fat content, but only attenuation was sensitive to the different microstructures. The velocity and reflectance measurements were modeled using the Urick equation. Shear ultrasonic reflectance and oscillatory viscometry were used to measure the dynamic viscosity of all dispersions. According to both methods, type B samples were always more viscous than type A at a similar solids content. The correlation between the two techniques was good ( r 2 &gt;0.99), but the numeric agreement was different for both systems.
On Leveraging Machine and Deep Learning for Throughput Prediction in Cellular Networks: Design, Performance, and Challenges (2020)

The highly dynamic wireless communication environment poses a challenge for many applications (e.g., adaptive multimedia streaming services). Providing accurate TP can significantly improve performance of these applications. The scheduling algorithms in cellular networks consider various PHY metrics, (e.g., CQI) and throughput history when assigning resources for each user. This article explains how AI can be leveraged for accurate TP in cellular networks using PHY and application layer metrics. We present key architectural components and implementation options, illustrating their advantages and limitations. We also highlight key design choices and investigate their impact on prediction accuracy using real data. We believe this is the first study that examines the impact of integrating network-level data and applying a deep learning technique (on PHY and application data) for TP in cellular systems. Using video streaming as a use case, we illustrate how accurate TP improves the end user's QoE. Furthermore, we identify open questions and research challenges in the area of AI-driven TP. Finally, we report on lessons learned and provide conclusions that we believe will be useful to network practitioners seeking to apply AI.
Large Tunneling Magnetoresistance in Perpendicularly Magnetized Magnetic Tunnel Junctions Using Co75Mn25/Mo/Co20Fe60B20 Multilayers (2023)

We study the magnetic and electrical transport properties of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) consisting of a ${\mathrm{Co}}_{75}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{25}{/\mathrm{Mo}/\mathrm{Co}}_{20}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{60}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}$ multilayer prepared using a mass-production-compatible magnetron sputtering system. The ${\mathrm{Co}}_{75}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{25}{/\mathrm{Mo}/\mathrm{Co}}_{20}{\mathrm{Fe}}_{60}{\mathrm{B}}_{20}$ multilayer sandwiched between two MgO layers exhibits remarkable perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, and a uniaxial magnetic anisotropy constant as large as $0.2\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{MJ}/\mathrm{m}}^{3}$ is achieved by optimizing the ${\mathrm{Co}}_{75}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{25}$ layer thickness as well as the annealing temperature. The current-in-plane tunneling measurement reveals a large tunneling magnetoresistance of over 100% in perpendicularly magnetized MTJs. These experimental results indicate the applicability of ${\mathrm{Co}}_{75}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{25}$ alloy for magnetic random access memory devices.
Apigenin Inhibits Tumor Necrosis Factor‐Induced Intercellular Adhesion Molecule‐1 Upregulation In Vivo (1996)

TNF-induced ICAM-1 upregulation in vivo effectively is blocked by apigenin through a mechanism that is unrelated to free radical scavenging or leukocyte function.
Characterization of platelet-derived growth factor beta-receptor expressing cells in the vasculature of human rheumatoid synovium. (1991)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta-receptor expression in normal and rheumatoid synovia was investigated by double immunofluorescence staining of frozen sections and by in situ hybridization. In the inflamed synovia, PDGF beta-receptor mRNA was present in vascular cells, as well as in discrete stromal cells. PDGF beta-receptor expressing cells in rheumatoid synovia were characterized by double immunofluorescence staining using the PDGFR-B2 monoclonal antibody at a concentration at which this antibody merely stained granular accumulations of PDGF beta-receptors. Granular accumulations of PDGF beta-receptors were articulate in blood vessel cells, but also appeared in discrete stromal cells. Thus, the overall distribution of cells having granular accumulations of PDGF beta-receptors was similar to the distribution of cells expressing PDGF beta-receptor mRNA. Double immunofluorescence stainings showed that: (a) a majority (greater than 90%) of resident macrophages did not express granular PDGF beta-receptor staining, but macrophages were often juxtaposed to PDGF beta-receptor-positive cells; (b) T lymphocytes did not express PDGF beta-receptors, but these cells were frequently found in the proximity of cells stained by PDGFR-B2; (c) in some blood vessels both HLA-DR expressing cells and PDGF beta-receptor expressing cells could be visualized, whereas in other blood vessels, cells expressing only one of these activation markers could be detected; (d) smooth muscle cells in blood vessels contained PDGF beta-receptors; and (e) capillary endothelial cells in the inflamed synovia recurrently displayed granular PDGF beta-receptor staining. The granular accumulations of PDGF beta-receptors may reflect internalization of the receptor as a result of paracrine or autocrine ligand stimulation. In support of such a possibility are the findings that elevated levels of PDGF B chain mRNA were detected by in situ hybridization in the inflamed synovia, and that cells expressing PDGF B chain mRNA were distributed similarly to cells expressing PDGF beta-receptor mRNA. Taken together, the results indicate that PDGF has a role in the inflammatory process in rheumatoid synovitis, most likely by stimulating proliferative events in the vasculature.
Metastable Ions and Isotope Effects in the Mass Spectra of Propane and Deuterated Propanes (1970)

Metastable transitions occurring in the mass spectrum of C3H8, CH3CD2CH3, CD3CH2CD3, and C3D8 have been investigated by means of the defocusing technique using a double-focusing mass spectrometer. In addition, detailed calculations of the decomposition of propane ions have been carried out, using the quasiequilibrium theory of mass spectra. Very strong isotope effects are observed and are accounted for quantitatively, and it is concluded that the quasiequilibrium theory provides an adequate framework for the description of both metastable ions and the general fragmentation processes responsible for the mass spectra of the deuterated propanes.
Free carrier lifetime modification for silicon waveguide based devices (2008)

We investigate the effects of implanting silicon directly into a silicon waveguide to modify carrier lifetime. Experimental results show over 85% reduction in the carrier lifetime for only a small net increase in optical absorption.
Quantification of hexokinase mRNA in mouse blastocysts by competitive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (1997)

Hexokinase (HX), the enzyme that catalyses the initial reaction in glycolysis, is an important enzyme in glucose metabolism during human and mouse embryonic development. In our previous investigations of the genetic activities of HX, we observed an increased incidence of HX gene expression in blastocysts in comparison with morulae, and variability in the incidence of HX gene expression between embryos at the same developmental stages. These observations prompted us to quantify HX mRNA in mouse blastocysts to define the biological significance of the variable gene transcription. We modified our qualitative reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) assay for HX mRNA in single or groups of embryos to quantify HX mRNA by competitive RT-nPCR. HX mRNA was quantified in cohorts of mouse blastocysts cultured in glucose/phosphate-containing human tubal fluid (HTF) media. These blastocysts expressed HX in minute amounts, averaging 1.95 x 10(-18) g of mRNA. This is the first attempt at quantification of single gene mRNA in preimplantation embryos. Further investigations using similar techniques will enable comparative analyses between embryos to be performed to determine the correlation between specific levels of HX mRNA transcripts in individual embryos and embryonic viability and competence for further development and implantation.