gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smart Sensors' Role in Integrated System Health Management (2005)

During the last decade, there has been a major effort in the aerospace industry to reduce the cost per pond of payload and become competitive in the international market. Competition from Europe, Japan, and China has reduced this cost to almost a third from 1990 to 2000. This cost has leveled in recent years to an average price of around $12,000/pound of payload. One of NASA's goals is to promote the development of technologies to reduce this cost by a factor of 10 or more Exploration of space, specially manned exploration missions, involves very complex launch and flight vehicles, associated ground support systems, and extensive human support during all phases of the mission. When considering the Space Shuttle Program, we can see that vehicle and ground support systems' processing, operation, and maintenance represent a large percentage of the program cost and time. Reducing operating, processing and maintenance costs will greatly reduce the cost of Exploration programs. The Integrated System Health Management (ISHM) concept is one of the technologies that will help reduce these operating, processing and maintenance costs. ISHM is an integrated health monitoring system applicable to both flight and ground systems. It automatically and autonomously acquires information from sensors and actuators and processes that information using the ISHM-embedded knowledge. As a result, it establishes the health of the system based on the acquired information and its prior knowledge. When this concept is fully implemented, ISHM systems shall be able to perform failure prediction and remediation before actual hard failures occurs, preventing its costly consequences. Data sources, sensors, and their associated data acquisition systems, constitute the foundation of the system. A smart sensing architecture is required to support the acquisition of reliable, high quality data, required by the ISHM. A thorough definition of the smart sensor architectures, their embedded diagnostic agents, and communication protocols need to be established and standardized to allow the embedding and exchange of health information among sensors and ISHM. This workshop is aimed to foster the exchange of ideas and lessons learned between government, industry and academia to aid in the establishment of ISHM (and smart sensors) standards and guidelines as well as to identify present technology gaps that will have to be overcome to successfully achieve this goal.
Waveguide Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor For Simazine Analysis (1996)

We report the performance of gold-coated waveguide surface plasmon resonance biosensors for the detection of the pesticide simazine in aqueous solution. Calibration against standard simazine solutions identified a detection limit of 0.22 μg/1.
A new encapsulating method for semiconductor devices using resin sheets (2002)

This paper describes a new encapsulating method using resin sheets. In this method, uncured resin sheets are placed on both sides of semiconductor chip, and inserted into heated molds. The resin sheets placed on the chip are fused and fill up the mold cavity. Then the resin is cured. This method is very suitable for fabricating packages which are as thin as 0.3 mm. Such thin model packages achieved high reliability under pressure cooker test and thermal cycle test.
Model-based reconstruction for creature animation (2002)

An semi-automatic technique for creating 3D models of creatures suitable for animation is presented. An anatomically based canonical model is deformed, given a sparse set of feature points derived from measurements describing the target animal. The layered canonical model is built on top of an articulated structure hierarchy and contains a representation of the animal's skeleton, muscles, and skin. The joint hierarchy and associated body components are transformed based on the input data. A denser set of feature points is then automatically generated from the new underlying structural components. The feature points are used to deform the attached mesh skin representation, using a segmented interpolation approach. Results are shown using measurements from a scale model and from a live horse. Our main contributions are (1) a novel approach for automatically reconstructing complete jointed creatures from an anatomically based canonical model of similar structure; and (2) an integrated application of skin interpolation for both morphing and animation. In this research, we have addressed the problem in the context of modeling and animating horses; however, the general techniques that we have developed could be applied to a wide range of creatures, at the cost of constructing a canonical model for each creature type.
A Grimm collection of MIMD fairy tales (2003)

The authors present two tales about massively parallel processors: 'Who is Fairest of Us All?' and 'The SPMD Path.' With a twist of humor, the tales discuss single-instruction multiple-data systems (SIMD), multiple-instruction multiple-data (MIMD) systems, differences, and the single program multiple data (SPMD) programming model. The first tale introduces autonomous SIMD (ASIMD), and then looks at the flexibility, programmability, cost, and effectiveness of MIMD and ASIMD systems. It is shown that ASIMD systems have the flexibility to solve real applications cost-effectively. The second tale describes the simple path that SPMD provides for programming, and why an ASIMD machine works well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electronic Dispersion Compensation Beyond 10 Gb/s (2007)

The dispersion tolerance in an optical transmission system tends to be proportional to the inverse square of the bit rate of the optical channel. A variety of methods have been used to compensate chromatic dispersion at 10 Gb/s with subsequent improvements in dispersion tolerance ranging from 800 ps/nm to 80,000 ps/nm, and also a range of circuit costs. At 40 and 100 Gb/s not only is the impact of dispersion more stringent, but the circuit challenges are also severe. In this presentation we will discuss the scaling of electronic dispersion compensation methods to 40 and 100 Gb/s, and show full dispersion compensation in a 40 Gb/s product.
A robust code acquisition architecture for non-coherent systems using dual digital matched filters (2002)

In this paper, we are proposing a new noncoherent PN code acquisition method for CDMA mobile communication systems. The proposed method employs two digital matched filters, and the code acquisition is based on a double dwell process. Through serial cascading of the dual matched filters, the proposed code acquisition method keeps track of the incoming sequence, until it eliminates the possibility of false alarms through the verification process. This unique feature imparts to our design much desired stability. Moreover, the use of two matched filters in parallel increases the acquisition speed which is of prime importance in the currently emerging wide-band CDMA technology such as IMT2000. Our performance analysis show that the proposed acquisition technique can achieve code acquisition within 35 ms at -10 dB input chip SNR. This is many times faster than the conventional active correlation technique. In this analysis, we have considered the minimum expected acquisition time as the condition for optimality. At this minimized acquisition time, we have analyzed the threshold values required for optimal performance and have derived the probability of detection and false alarm. The worst case acquisition time for the proposed system is 850 ms and the best case is 21 ms. The probability of false alarm for our system is of the order of 3.7/sup /spl times//10/sup -4/.
Intelligent Human Tracking Based on Multimodal Integration (2012)

Localization and tracking of humans are essential research topics in robotics. In particular, Sound Source Localization (SSL) has been of great interest. Despite the numerous reported methods, SSL in a real environment had mainly three issues; robustness against noise with high power, no framework for selective listening to sound sources, and tracking of inactive and/or noisy sound sources. For the first issue, we extended Multiple SIgnal Classification by incorporating Generalized Eigen Value Decomposition (GEVD-MUSIC) so that it can deal with high power noise and can select target sound sources. For the second issue, we proposed Sound Source Identification (SSI) based on hierarchical Gaussian mixture models and integrated it with GEVD-MUSIC to realize a function to listen to a specific sound source according to the sort of the sound source. For the third issue, auditory and visual human tracking were integrated using particle filtering. These three techniques are integrated into an intelligent human tracking system. Experimental results showed that integration of SSL and SSI successfully achieved human tracking only by audition, and the audio-visual integration showed considerable improvement in tracking by compensating the loss of auditory or visual information.
Characterization of the velvet regulators in Aspergillus fumigatus (2012)

Fungal development and secondary metabolism is intimately associated via activities of the fungi-specific velvet family proteins. Here we characterize the four velvet regulators in the opportunistic human pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. The deletion of AfuvosA, AfuveA and AfuvelB causes hyperactive asexual development (conidiation) and precocious and elevated accumulation of AfubrlA during developmental progression. Moreover, the absence of AfuvosA, AfuveA or AfuvelB results in the abundant formation of conidiophores and highly increased AfubrlA mRNA accumulation in liquid submerged culture, suggesting that they act as repressors of conidiation. The deletion of AfuvosA or AfuvelB causes a reduction in conidial trehalose amount, long-term spore viability, conidial tolerance to oxidative and UV stresses, and accelerated and elevated conidial germination regardless of the presence or absence of an external carbon source, suggesting an interdependent role of them in many aspects of fungal biology. Genetic studies suggest that AfuAbaA activates AfuvosA and AfuvelB expression during the mid to late phase of conidiation. Finally, the AfuveA null mutation can be fully complemented by Aspergillus nidulans VeA, which can physically interact with AfuVelB and AfuLaeA in vivo. A model depicting the similar yet different roles of the velvet regulators governing conidiation and sporogenesis in A. fumigatus is presented.
Multiple-quantum NMR spectroscopy of S=3/2 spins in isotropic phase: A new probe for multiexponential relaxation (1986)

In nuclear magnetic resonance of quadrupolar spins with S≥3/2, it is shown that excitation and observation of multiple-quantum coherence is possible in the absence of scalar, dipolar, or quadrupolar splittings, in contrast to the widely accepted view that nonvanishing couplings are a prerequisite for the creation of multiple-quantum coherence. In the absence of splittings, multiple-quantum coherence can be excited because the longitudinal (‘‘T1’’) or transverse (‘‘T2’’) relaxation is multiexponential, which occurs if the motional correlation times τc are comparable to or larger than the inverse of the Larmor frequency (violation of the extreme narrowing approximation). Two experiments are described, which combine multiple-quantum filtration with conventional spin-echo and inversion-recovery sequences. For isotropic motion each experiment allows one to determine the motional correlation time without knowledge of the magnitude of the quadrupolar coupling constant.
Antibody Fragments (2004)

Monoclonal antibodies have become widely accepted as safe and effective therapeutics in indications as diverse as oncology, inflammation, and cardiovascular and infectious diseases. This is largely due to the development of technologies that enable the generation of antibodies of high specificity and low immunogenicity with relative ease (Maynard and Georgiou, 2000). The specificity of all antibodies is determined by the nature of their binding to antigen but the mode of action, i.e. the way an antibody- based drug uses antigen binding to mediate a therapeutic effect, varies considerably. Whilst full-length immunoglogulin (Ig) G (Fig. 2.1) has been used widely it is not the optimal antibody format for all therapeutic applications. In addition production of correctly folded and glycosylated IgG using mammalian cell culture is expensive and limited in scale, which may be prohibitive for certain clinical indications. Consequently a variety of antibody fragments and conjugates have been developed that address specific applications and facilitate their production using low cost, microbial expression systems. This chapter will review key considerations in the formatting of antibody fragments for specific therapeutic applications, how they are modified to confer effector function or improved pharmacokinetics, and methods used for their expression and purification. Particular attention will be given to expression in Escherichia coli, which has become the preferred production method for most antibody fragments. Furthermore, the relative merits of antibody fragments and their conjugates will be compared to full-length antibodies by reference to IgG function where possible.
Evaluation of performance of select fusion experiments and projected reactors (1978)

The performance of NASA Lewis fusion experiments (SUMMA and Bumpy Torus) is compared with other experiments and that necessary for a power reactor. Key parameters cited are gain (fusion power/input power) and the time average fusion power, both of which may be more significant for real fusion reactors than the commonly used Lawson parameter. The NASA devices are over 10 orders of magnitude below the required powerplant values in both gain and time average power. The best experiments elsewhere are also as much as 4 to 5 orders of magnitude low. However, the NASA experiments compare favorably with other alternate approaches that have received less funding than the mainline experiments. The steady-state character and efficiency of plasma heating are strong advantages of the NASA approach. The problem, though, is to move ahead to experiments of sufficient size to advance in gain and average power parameters.
Demonstration of blue vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diode (2002)

We report on the first demonstration of an electrically-pumped blue VCSEL. Laser action was achieved at a wavelength of 484 nm under pulsed current injection at 77 K. The VCSEL structure was composed of a CdZnSe/ZnSe multi-quantum-well active layer, ZnSe cladding layers, and SiO/sub 2//TiO/sub 2/ distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs). The CdZnSe/ZnSe epitaxial layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) directly on a GaAs (100) substrate at a growth temperature of 270/spl deg/C. The MQW structure consisted of Cd/sub 0.2/Zn/sub 0.8/Se quantum wells and ZnSe barriers.
Projection VQ Applied to Video Sequence Encoding (1996)

This paper proposes an video sequence encoding algorithm that adopts projection scheme on wavelet transform domain of image signal. Projection scheme is applied to the residual signals which resulted from motion estimation of consecutive image frames. Wavelet decomposed residual image is encoded by the result of projection along one direction out of eight which approximates the coefficients most closely to the originally transformed coefficients. These projection data are vector quantized using separate codebooks depending on the decomposition level and orientation of decomposed of image. Experimental result reveals that proposed scheme shows excellent performance in PSNR manner and also shows good subjective quality.
Tungsten(IV) Chelates—Potential Energy Transfer Complexes (1979)

Inert eight-coordinate W(IV) chelates have been synthesized in our laboratories and have properties analogous to the ruthenium complexes that are currently an energy-transfer focus. Substituted tetrakis(8-quinolinolato)tungsten(IV) complexes (1), substituted tetrakis(picolinato)tungsten(IV) complexes (2), tetrakis(pyrazinecarboxylato)tungsten(IV) (3), tetrakis(isoquinoline-1-carboxylato)tungsten(IV) (4), and bis(N,N'-disalicylidene-1,2-phenylenediaminato)tungsten(IV) (5) have been synthesized. The ML4 chelates are substitution-inert d2 chelates with low energy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transitions based on relative energies and photooxidation to d1-W(V) analogs, which possess ligand-to-metal charge-transfer transitions in the visible region. We have initiated the synthesis of analogous polymeric complexes as well.
Metal solution precursors: their role during the synthesis of MoVTeNb mixed oxide catalysts (2018)

Crystals of MoVTeNbO<sub>x</sub>M1 phase for the ODH of ethane to ethylene.
Comparison of breakdown characteristics of DeNMOS devices with various drain structures (2015)

In this work, OFF-state breakdown characteristics of shallow trench isolation (STI)-type drain extended NMOS (DeNMOS) devices with different drain structures are studied and compared. The drain structures include deep-drain structure and structures with heavy doping on STI-sidewall regions. These devices show improved ON-state resistance without degrading breakdown voltage. Devices with higher doping underneath the drain diffusion region exhibit stronger bipolar triggering and higher snapback in their breakdown characteristics, thereby sustaining higher drain current levels before device failure. The devices with heavy doping only on the STI-sidewall show intermediate snapback characteristics between conventional and deep-drain devices in the breakdown region. Therefore, this work provides physical insights into the impact of different drain doping profiles on low-voltage I-V characteristics and high current drain breakdown characteristics of STI-DeMOS devices for different drain doping profiles.
Control circuits for asynchronous circuits (2023)

The described embodiments include a computing device with one or more asynchronous circuits and control circuits that control the operation of the asynchronous circuits. In some embodiments, the control circuits are arranged in a hierarchy with a top-level control circuit atop the hierarchy and one or more local control circuits lower in the hierarchy. In these embodiments, the top-level control circuit processes operating information for the one or more asynchronous circuits and/or other functional blocks in the computing device to determine an operating state for the computing device. Based on the operating state, the top-level control circuit communicates commands to the local control circuits to cause the local control circuits to operate in corresponding operating modes. Based on a corresponding operating mode command, each local control circuit sets one or more operating parameters for corresponding asynchronous circuits (and/or one or more other functional blocks).
Secure Bike Sharing System for Multi-Modal Journey (2016)

Bike sharing systems (BSSs) are getting popular in many cities of the world as an integrated part of multi-modal journey due to its flexibility and eco-friendly nature. Future BSSs will have a pool of Internet of Things (IoT)- integrated smart bikes with computation and communication capabilities. Such systems will be able to provide the service providers with real-time and non-real-time information about user demands, bikes and environments for improved quality of services. However, manipulation of logistics data (e.g. showing availability of bikes or parking where none may exist) and mobility operations (e.g. unauthorized tampering with service-related data) may disrupt the whole service. This paper proposes a framework for secure bike sharing service under multi-modal journey environment using symmetric key encryption and digital signature. Our proposal lets a service provider to collect information from stations and external service providers, and communicate with users in a secure way so that the user gets correct information and a quality service. The proposed framework has the potential to offer enhanced quality of service through security features compared to existing systems for multi-modal transport users.
Effect of Keggin polyoxometalate on Cu(ii) speciation and its role in the assembly of Cu3(BTC)2 metal–organic framework (2011)

HKUST-1 is one of the popular metal–organic frameworks (MOFs). The formation of this MOF is significantly accelerated by adding Keggin polyoxometalate anions to the synthesis solution. In this paper the chemistry behind this observation was investigated. Upon addition of Keggin type H3PW12O40 heteropolyacid the speciation of Cu2+ cations in ethanol : H2O mixture drastically changes. Combining EPR and XANES measurements with accurate pH measurements and prediction of Cu2+ hydrolysis provides strong evidence for surface induced hydrolysis and consequent dimerisation of monomeric Cu2+ species on Keggin ions in acidic conditions. This enables paddle wheel formation, hence explaining the instantaneous precipitation of Cu3(BTC)2 at room temperature and the systematic encapsulation of Keggin ions in its pores.
Direct Hydrogenation of Biobased Carboxylic Acids Mediated by a Nitrogen‐centered Tridentate Phosphine Ligand (2016)

A novel nitrogen-centered tridentate ligand was identified from a series of multidentate ligands and applied for the direct hydrogenation of 9 biogenic acids into alcohols, lactones and esters with high yields. Comparison of substrates and ruthenium precursors suggested that the Ru(II) hydride cationic species was more active to transform acids than the corresponding lactone or esters.
Transformation and other factors of the peptide mass spectrometry pairwise peak-list comparison process (2005)

The analysis of variance provides insight into the relevance of various factors influencing the outcome of the pairwise peak-list comparison. For large MS/MS and PMF data sets the outcome of ANOVA analysis was consistent, providing a strong indication that the results presented here might be valid for many various types of peptide mass measurements.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of V1 microstimulation during chronic implantation of a microelectrode array in a behaving macaque (2012)

The principal finding was that two years after implantation we were able to evoke behavioural responses to electric stimulation across the spatial extent of the array using groups of contiguous electrodes. Consistent responses to stimulation were evoked at an average threshold current per electrode of 204 ± 49 µA (mean ± std) for groups of four electrodes and 91 ± 25 µA for groups of nine electrodes. Saccades to electrically-evoked percepts using groups of nine electrodes showed that the animal could discriminate spatially distinct percepts with groups having an average separation of 1.6 ± 0.3 mm (mean ± std) in cortex and 1.0° ± 0.2° in visual space. Significance. These results demonstrate chronic perceptual functionality and provide evidence for the feasibility of a cortically-based vision prosthesis for the blind using penetrating microelectrodes.
A novel single-crystal & single-pass source for polarisation- and colour-entangled photon pairs (2017)

We demonstrate a new generation mechanism for polarisation- and colour-entangled photon pairs. In our approach we tailor the phase-matching of a periodically poled KTP crystal such that two downconversion processes take place simultaneously. Relying on this effect, our source emits entangled bipartite photon states, emerging intrinsically from a single, unidirectionally pumped crystal with uniform poling period. Its property of being maximally compact and luminous at the same time makes our source unique compared to existing photon-entanglement sources and is therefore of high practical significance in quantum information experiments.