gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FIELD OBSERVATION OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DEPOSITION BY USING SEDIMENT TRAPPING PANELS AND EXAMINATION OF SEDIMENT DEPOSITION RATE BY USING A SIMPLIFIED MODEL (2021)

本研究では現地観測結果に基づき実河川の植生域における浮遊砂堆積現象を検証し，簡易な浮遊砂堆積速度モデルを提案した．現地実験的な観測として，中小河川に模擬植生を利用した土砂捕捉パネルを設置し出水ごとに回収することで，実際に堆積した土砂の粒度分布や堆積量を検証したほか，数値解析によって得た水理量とのこれらの関連を検討した．さらに浮遊砂フラックスの均衡状態に着目し簡易な浮遊砂堆積速度算出モデルを提案し，実測値との比較を行った．観測の結果から，草本主体の植生域堆積土砂については，掃流による河床材料の更新が起きない状況では浮遊砂の形態での輸送が基本となることが示された．また簡易な土砂堆積速度モデルの計算結果が，実測の堆積速度と同程度のオーダーとなった．
Synthesis and secretion of the fibrinolytic components, including alpha 2-antiplasmin, by a human hepatoma cell line. (1983)

The capacity of the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2 to synthesize and secrete components of the fibrinolytic system was examined. Although fibrinogen, plasminogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin were present in culture supernatants, histidine-rich glycoprotein was not detected. Albumin was monitored for comparative purposes and was also secreted. Intracellular levels of the fibrinolytic proteins were not detected, suggesting that once synthesized, these proteins were rapidly secreted by the cell. The fibrinogen, plasminogen, alpha 2-antiplasmin, and albumin secreted by the cells were immunochemically identical to their plasma counterparts. The concentration of these four molecules increased exponentially with time in the culture medium when normalized to total cellular protein. The kinetics of their secretion were similar, but the amounts of each protein differed. On day 8 the culture medium contained 29.6, 0.64, 0.39, and 0.59 micrograms/ml albumin, fibrinogen, plasminogen, and alpha 2-antiplasmin, respectively, whereas the time required for doubling the concentrations of the proteins in the medium ranged from 2.20 to 2.49 days. A detailed characterization of alpha 2-antiplasmin demonstrated that this inhibitor was synthesized by the cells. The molecular weight of intrinsically labeled alpha 2-antiplasmin was 69,000. The secreted inhibitor was biologically active, since it could inhibit plasmin cleavage of a chromogenic substrate, and this inhibition was neutralized by monospecific antibodies to alpha 2-antiplasmin. In addition, intrinsically labeled alpha 2-antiplasmin and the plasma molecule behaved in an identical manner with respect to their capacity to form a complex with plasmin. These studies suggest that the Hep G2 cell line may provide a model for assessing the regulation of synthesis and secretion of components of the human fibrinolytic system.
Comparison of Spin and Blade Coating Methods in Solution-process for Organic Light-emitting Devices (2015)

We compared solution-based spin and blade coating methods in fabrication of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs). The effect of F8BT film morphology, prepared by two different methods, on device performances was studied in detail. The film morphology and molecular packing arrangement of the F8BT films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray reflectivity (XRR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). We found that the device performances are dependent on evaporation condition of solvent during the formation of the organic layer.
Introduction (2022)

The speckle phenomenon is ubiquitous in many fields of science and technology. Speckle phenomena can be seen in many different imaging modalities, including acoustical imaging (e.g., medical ultrasound) and microwave imaging (e.g., synthetic-aperture radar imaging). This book focuses on simulating optical speckle with Mathematica®, but the same methods used can in many cases be applied to other imaging modalities.
AN EXTENDED TIP CORONOID PROSTHESIS IMPROVES THE STABILITY OF THE CORONOID AND LIGAMENT DEFICIENT ELBOW (2012)

Purpose The coronoid and collateral ligaments are key elbow stabilizers. When repair of comminuted coronoid fractures is not possible, prosthetic replacement may restore elbow stability. A coronoid prosthesis has been designed with an extended tip in an effort to augment elbow stability in the setting of residual collateral ligament insufficiency. The purpose of this biomechanical study, therefore, was to compare an anatomic coronoid replacement with an extended tip implant both with and without ligament insufficiency. Method Two coronoid prostheses were designed and developed based on CT-derived images adjusted for cartilage thickness: an anatomical implant and an extended-tip implant. Passive elbow extension was performed in 7 cadaveric arms in the varus and valgus positions. Varus-valgus laxity of the ulna relative to the humerus was quantified with a tracking system with an intact coronoid, a 40% coronoid deficiency, an anatomical prosthesis, and an extended prosthesis, with the collateral ligaments sectioned and repaired. Results Laxity increased following a 40% coronoid deficiency with both repaired (p Conclusion A coronoid prosthesis with an extended coronoid tip improves elbow stability relative to an anatomic prosthesis in the setting of collateral ligament insufficiency. This may prove useful in patients with comminuted coronoid fractures with concomitant ligament injuries, allowing for maintenance of elbow stability during ligament healing or reconstruction. Clinical studies are needed to evaluate the feasibility of these designs and to determine patient outcomes.
Structural relationship between α1‐microglobulin from man, guinea‐pig, rat and rabbit (1987)

Rabbit alpha 1-microglobulin was purified from the urine of sodium-chromate-treated animals by the use of gel chromatography on Sephadex G-100, affinity chromatography on concanavalin-A--Sepharose and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephadex. Rabbit alpha 1-microglobulin had a molecular mass of 25.6 kDa on SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Alpha 1-microglobulin has previously been purified from the urine of humans, guinea-pigs and rats by similar methods, and the molecular masses of the four homologues were compared by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and gel chromatography in a denaturing medium. By these two methods the human homologue was 6 kDa and 3 kDa larger, respectively, than the other three proteins. Endoglycosidase F digestion of alpha 1-microglobulin, followed by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealed three protein bands in the human alpha 1-microglobulin sample, and only two bands in guinea-pig, rat and rabbit alpha 1-microglobulin, with a gap between each band of 2.6--2.9 kDa. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences of the four homologues were determined and between 72% and 81% homology was seen. The five amino-terminal amino acids present in the other species were missing in guinea-pig alpha 1-microglobulin. Our results indicate that human alpha 1-microglobulin is substituted with two N-linked oligosaccharides, while only one is attached to each of the other alpha 1-microglobulins, and that the extra glycosylamine-linked oligosaccharide in the human protein is attached to asparagine in position 17. Finally it is shown that all four homologues inhibit antigen stimulation of human lymphocytes, a finding which is consistent with our previous suggestion that the N-linked oligosaccharides carry the immunosuppressive activity of alpha 1-microglobulin.
Oxidative Stress and ‘Monocyte Reprogramming’ after Kidney Transplant: A Longitudinal Study (2008)

Uremia has been implicated in increased oxidative stress (OS) and decreased monocyte HLA-DR expression in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Thus, one would expect normalization of these parameters after successful kidney transplant (KTx). Our aim was to describe patterns of OS and HLA-DR expression after KTx and to explore the effect of renal function and different immunosuppression regimens. 30 KTx patients (20 male; 48 +/- 11 years) were enrolled and compared with 20 healthy controls. We measured advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and the percentage of monocytes expressing HLA-DR (%DR+) before (preKTx) and after KTx (on days 2, 30, 90, 180 and after 1 year). Compared to controls, patients had a higher preKTx AOPP (152.6 vs. 69.3 micromol/l; p < 0.001). AOPP decreased at 48 h after KTx, achieving values similar to controls. Thereafter, it increased again and remained significantly higher compared to controls, returning to preKTx levels at 90 days. Prior to KTx there was a trend for lower %DR+ in KTx patients compared to controls (96 vs. 98%; NS). Following KTx, patients had a lower %DR+ in the 1st month; then it gradually returned to preKTx levels during the 1st year; at no time did it reach a value similar to controls. Cyclosporine (CyA)-treated patients had a significantly higher AOPP (161.5 vs. 99.5 micromol/l; p = 0.03) and a lower %DR+ (91.7 vs. 96.4; p < 0.05) at 30 days than patients on tacrolimus (FK). Patients on mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) showed a low AOPP (106.9 vs. 168.1 micromol/l; p = 0.05) and a high %DR+ (96.7 vs. 88.2%; p = 0.001) than those on everolimus. After 3 months, CyA-treated patients had a non-significant increase in AOPP levels, whereas those on FK showed a decrease (p < 0.05) as did those treated with MMF (p < 0.05). Successful KTx reduced but did not normalize AOPP, suggesting ongoing OS, perhaps due to persistent mild renal dysfunction and the effects of immunosuppression. HLA-DR expression remained low after KTx, which may be a possible contributing factor to infectious complications after transplantation. Immunosuppressive agents appear to have diverse effects on OS and HLA-DR expression.
Zirconium oxocluster/polymer hybrid nanoparticles prepared by photoactivated miniemulsion copolymerization (2017)

The photoactivated free radical miniemulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and the zirconium oxocluster Zr<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>(methacrylate)<sub>12</sub> is used as an effective and fast preparation method for polymer/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles. The oxoclusters, covalently anchored to the polymer network, act as metal-organic cross-linkers, thus improving the thermomechanical properties of the resulting hybrid nanoparticles. Benzoin carbonyl organic compounds were used as photoinitiators. The obtained materials are compared in terms of cross-linking, effectiveness of cluster incorporation, and size distribution with the analogous nanoparticles produced by using conventional thermally induced free radical miniemulsion copolymerization. The kinetics of the polymerization process in the absence and in the presence of the oxocluster is also investigated.
Biased liquid crystal infiltrated photonic bandgap fiber (2009)

A simulation scheme for the transmission spectrum of a photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal and subject to an external bias is presented. The alignment of the biased liquid crystal is simulated using the finite element method to solve the relevant system of coupled partial differential equations. From the liquid crystal alignment the full tensorial dielectric permittivity in the capillaries is derived. The transmission spectrum for the photonic crystal fiber is obtained by solving the generalized eigenvalue problem deriving from Maxwell's equations using a vector element based finite element method. We demonstrate results for a splay aligned liquid crystal infiltrated into the capillaries of a four-ring photonic crystal fiber and compare them to corresponding experiments.
High pressure hydrate detection in a stirred vessel (2006)

Measurements have been undertaken in a stirred vessel on pressurised saturated hydrocarbon/water mixtures from the North Sea. Hydrate formation and dissociation was detected, and the increase in mixing torque was quantified. Stirred vessels, fitted with suitable pressure and temperature control facilities, can be used to characterize many of the important parameters coupled to the presence of hydrates in production systems. The measurements have been undertaken on pressurised systems containing hydrocarbon liquid, mixed with saline water and saturated with hydrocarbon gas. The oil/water dispersions have then in turn been tested in a stirred vessel of volume 500 ml with pressure and temperature control. Typical test pressure has been 50 bars, and the temperature during hydrate formation typically 2 °C.
Molecular dynamics-guided discovery of an ago-allosteric modulator for GPR40/FFAR1 (2019)

The long-chain fatty acid receptor FFAR1/GPR40 binds agonists in both an interhelical site between the extracellular segments of transmembrane helix (TM)-III and TM-IV and a lipid-exposed groove between the intracellular segments of these helices. Molecular dynamics simulations of FFAR1 with agonist removed demonstrated a major rearrangement of the polar and charged anchor point residues for the carboxylic acid moiety of the agonist in the interhelical site, which was associated with closure of a neighboring, solvent-exposed pocket between the extracellular poles of TM-I, TM-II, and TM-VII. A synthetic compound designed to bind in this pocket, and thereby prevent its closure, was identified through structure-based virtual screening and shown to function both as an agonist and as an allosteric modulator of receptor activation. This discovery of an allosteric agonist for a previously unexploited, dynamic pocket in FFAR1 demonstrates both the power of including molecular dynamics in the drug discovery process and that this specific, clinically proven, but difficult, antidiabetes target can be addressed by chemotypes different from existing ligands.
ByzShield: An Efficient and Robust System for Distributed Training (2020)

Training of large scale models on distributed clusters is a critical component of the machine learning pipeline. However, this training can easily be made to fail if some workers behave in an adversarial (Byzantine) fashion whereby they return arbitrary results to the parameter server (PS). A plethora of existing papers consider a variety of attack models and propose robust aggregation and/or computational redundancy to alleviate the effects of these attacks. In this work we consider an omniscient attack model where the adversary has full knowledge about the gradient computation assignments of the workers and can choose to attack (up to) any q out of K worker nodes to induce maximal damage. Our redundancy-based method ByzShield leverages the properties of bipartite expander graphs for the assignment of tasks to workers; this helps to effectively mitigate the effect of the Byzantine behavior. Specifically, we demonstrate an upper bound on the worst case fraction of corrupted gradients based on the eigenvalues of our constructions which are based on mutually orthogonal Latin squares and Ramanujan graphs. Our numerical experiments indicate over a 36% reduction on average in the fraction of corrupted gradients compared to the state of the art. Likewise, our experiments on training followed by image classification on the CIFAR-10 dataset show that ByzShield has on average a 20% advantage in accuracy under the most sophisticated attacks. ByzShield also tolerates a much larger fraction of adversarial nodes compared to prior work.
Onchocerca volvulus bivalent subunit vaccine induces protective immunity in genetically diverse collaborative cross recombinant inbred intercross mice (2021)

This study tests the hypothesis that an Onchocerca volvulus vaccine, consisting of two recombinant antigens (Ov-103 and Ov-RAL-2) formulated with the combination-adjuvant Advax-2, can induce protective immunity in genetically diverse Collaborative Cross recombinant inbred intercross mice (CC-RIX). CC-RIX lines were immunized with the O. volvulus vaccine and challenged with third-stage larvae. Equal and significant reductions in parasite survival were observed in 7 of 8 CC-RIX lines. Innate protective immunity was seen in the single CC-RIX line that did not demonstrate protective adaptive immunity. Analysis of a wide array of immune factors showed that each line of mice have a unique set of immune responses to vaccination and challenge suggesting that the vaccine is polyfunctional, inducing different equally-protective sets of immune responses based on the genetic background of the immunized host. Vaccine efficacy in genetically diverse mice suggests that it will also be effective in genetically complex human populations.
Application of spectral entropy to EEG and facial EMG frequency bands for the assessment of level of sedation in ICU (2005)

The applicability and performance of spectral entropy as a measure of the depth of sedation was studied by comparison to the Richmond sedation and agitation scale (RASS). A biopotential signal was measured from the forehead of eight ICU patients. From this biopotential four different frequency bands were defined using trend fitting to the low and high frequency limits of the pooled power spectra, two frequency bands representing EEG and the other two representing fEMG. The spectral entropy from the EEG bands correlated very well with the sedation levels of RASS. From levels 0 to -5 the decrease was almost linear (r=0.51 and r=0.53). A similar comparison for the spectral entropy of the fEMG bands did not produce any clear correlation (r=0.07 for both fEMG bands), however there was still some clear interaction at some levels. It seems that the RASS is dependent upon both EEG and fEMG effects. That is; RASS is related to both cortical and sub-cortical components of sedation.
Toward an Optimized Data Conditioning for Surface-acquired Microseismic Data (2016)

Summary Noise attenuation is a key challenge for surface-acquired microseismic processing. A number of data conditioning tools have been proposed and applied with various degrees of success to improve the signal-to-noise ratio prior to detection and location of microseismic events. Random noise attenuation, trace-by-trace correlation with a large magnitude event, and nonlinear stacking techniques have all been shown individually to improve microseismic event detectability in surface-acquired microseismic datasets. This paper demonstrates how the combination of these approaches significantly increases the number of detected microseismic events while keeping the number of false triggers to a minimum. In particular, random noise attenuation and trace-by-trace correlation with a large magnitude event followed by nonlinear stacking at the stage of substack generation provide a data conditioning workflow that significantly attenuates the effects of statics, anisotropy, and, to some extent, 3D velocity variations. This work is a step towards an optimized data conditioning workflow for surface-acquired microseismic data.
Vector mixer characterization for image mixers (2004)

The vector mixer characterization method first introduced by Dunsmore can be used only for mixers where the local oscillator (LO) frequency lies between the RF input and output frequencies. Attempts to use the method for image mixers, where the LO is greater than both the input and output frequencies, yield erroneous results. An improved method is described which can properly characterize both type of mixers. A theoretical basis is introduced and experimental results presented which justify the new method.
Adaptive RF multi-interference suppression for wideband radar/communication receivers (2018)

In this chapter, a comprehensive review of recent contributions in the field of fully reconfigurable RF/microwave multi-notch filters is presented. These circuits are understood to be key components in future RF front-ends for wideband receivers to efficiently mitigate intentional and unintentional narrowband interference [18]. Specifically, tunable implementations for planar technologies are described in which the adaptive multi-notch filtering action is co-integrated with the wideband signal preselection process in a single dual-function RF filter. These filtering devices exploit different operating principles such as frequency-controllable circuit networks and coupled-resonator arrangements, whose advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Further, state-of-the-art mobile form factor high-Q filters for ultra-narrowband interference suppression based on mixed-technology acoustic-wave lumped-element resonators are also reported. A brief summary of future trends in this area is also provided at the end of the chapter.
Chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 promote activation-induced cell death of antigen-responding T cells (2006)

Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) provide a niche for the initiation and regulation of T-cell responses, but the mechanisms have been poorly understood. We investigated the influence of chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 constitutively expressed in SLOs on activation-induced cell death (AICD) of CD4+ T cells. When paucity of lymph node T cells (plt) mutant mice lacking expression of CCL19/CCL21 were primed with OVA/CFA, both expansion of OVA-responding CD4+ T cells in the draining lymph nodes and an in vitro recall response were prolonged as compared with responses in wild-type (WT) mice. The apoptotic cell frequency among OVA-responding CD4+ T cells was similarly low in plt/plt and WT mice during the clonal expansion phase. However, during the clonal contraction phase, the frequency never increased in plt/plt mice, whereas in WT mice it continuously increased to a peak 18 days after immunization. The presence of CCL19/CCL21 during the in vitro stimulation of CD4+ T cells with anti-CD3 plus anti-CD28 significantly enhanced in vitro AICD induction of the restimulated T cells, partially through enhancing expression of Fas ligand. Our results suggest that CCL19/CCL21 produced by stromal cells and antigen-presenting cells regulate CD4+ T-cell immune responses in SLOs by promoting AICD.
Syntheses of heterocyclic fused thiazolecarboxylic acids I (1975)

Abstract A number of thiazolo 5‐carboxylic acid derivatives were prepared which were fused to other heterocycles such as 1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine, quinazoline, and pyrimidine rings at the 2,3‐position of the thiazole ring. In several instances unexpected products were obtained, depending on the reaction conditions. The chemistry of these reactions and the identification of the products are discussed.
Citrobacter amalonaticus Y19 for constitutive expression of carbon monoxide-dependent hydrogen-production machinery (2017)

Convenient recombinant Y19-PR1 that expresses CO-dependent H<sub>2</sub>-production activity without being limited by CO and glucose was obtained.
Apoptotic activity of ursolic acid may correlate with the inhibition of initiation of DNA replication (2000)

Ursolic acid (UA), a pentacyclic triterpene acid, has been reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity. In this study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic effect of UA on HepG2 human hepatoblastoma cells. Treatment with UA decreased the viability of HepG2 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, 30 microM of UA induced DNA fragmentation and subdiploid cells and enhanced the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-3. These results suggest that UA induces cell death through apoptosis, which may be mediated by cytochrome c-dependent caspase-3 activation. In addition, cell-cycle analysis revealed that UA-treated cells were arrested predominantly in the G(0) and G(1) phases with a concomitant decrease in the cell population of S phase. Moreover, expression of p21(WAF1), a cell-cycle regulator, was increased by UA, indicating that p21(WAF1) might mediate UA-induced cell-cycle arrest. However, UA markedly inhibited SV40 DNA replication in the initiation stage in vitro and significantly reduced the DNA cleaving of topoisomerase I and the ssDNA binding activity of replication protein A. These results indicate that the inhibition of DNA replication by UA may result from blockade of the establishment of the replication fork during initiation stage, consequently contributing to UA-induced cell-cycle arrest. Taken together, we suggest that UA-induced cell-cycle arrest may be mediated by inhibition of DNA replication and the increase of p21(WAF1) expression, which induces the release of cytochrome c and the activation of caspase-3, leading to apoptosis of HepG2 cells.