gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
171. PEG-b-PPA/DNA Micelles for Liver Targeted-Gene Delivery (2006)

Liver is a critically important target for gene medicine applications because of the access of the transgene product to systemic circulation, and because it is the site of many metabolic genetic disorders, viral infection and malignancies. At present, the full potential of liver- targeted gene transfer is hindered by a lack of safe and efficient gene carriers. Recently, we have developed a new class of polyphosphoramidates (PPAs) as non-viral gene carriers. These PPA carriers exhibit favorable biocompatibility, DNA compaction and protection capacity, high transfection efficiency in several cell types in culture [1]. However, PPA/DNA complexes, like many polycationic carriers, aggregate severely upon incubation in serum containing medium. This aggregation will lead to reduced cellular uptake by parenchymal cells and lead to sequestration by reticuloendothelial system following intravenous injection, rendering the complexes inefficient for liver-targeted gene delivery. To improve the in vivo stability of PPA/DNA complexes, we synthesized PEG-b-PPA copolymers by initiating the cyclic monomer, 4-methyl-2-oxo-2-hydro-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane, with poly(ethylene glycol)- ate (PEGate) anion macroinitiators with Mws of 2,000 and 12,000, followed by side chain conjugation before deprotection of the sidechain amine groups [1]. The average diameters of PEG2000-b-PPA/DNA micelles and PEG12000-b-PPA/DNA micelles at N/P=10 were 80 nm and 150 nm, respectively. Transmission electron microscopic examination of PEG2000-b-PPA/DNA micelles confirmed the size measurement and revealed the spherical or rod-like morphology of the micelles. In HEK293 cells, the transfection efficiency of PEG2000-b-PPA/DNA micelles was similar to that of PPA/DNA complexes, and comparable to PEI; whereas the transfection efficiency of PEG12000-b-PPA/DNA micelles was about 4-fold lower than that of PEG2000-b-PPA/DNA micelles. For the in vivo study, PEG2000-b-PPA/DNA micelle was chosen and injected through tail vein of Balb/c mice at a DNA dose of 25 μg in 250 μl saline in 30 seconds. Following tail vein injection, PEG2000-b-PPA/DNA micelles mediated 5-, 8- and 150-fold higher luciferase expression than PPA/DNA complexes in the liver, spleen and lung. Although the highest transgene expression was found in the lung, this improved transfection efficiency, over PPA/DNA complexes, is likely the result of increased stability of PEG2000-b- PPA/DNA micelles in serum. Intrabiliary infusion in Wistar rats was performed at a DNA dose of 20 μg in 4 ml of PEG2000-b-PPA/ DNA micelle solution over 20 minutes using an infusion pump. After intrabiliary infusion, PEG2000-b-PPA/DNA micelles also mediated 4-fold higher average luciferase expression in the liver than PPA/DNA complexes on day 3. No expression was detected in other major organs (lung, kidney, heart, spleen). Moreover, luciferase expression was only found in one of the liver lobes for PPA/DNA complexes, in contrast to a relatively widespread expression among different lobes of the liver in the micelle group. References: 1. Mao HQ and Leong KW. Adv. Genet. 2005; 53: 275–306.
Evaluation of New Molecular Resist for EUV Lithography (2007)

We designed and synthesized a new partially-protected polyphenol, 25X-MBSA-M, for which the position and number of protected hydroxyl groups have no dispersion, and evaluated the EUV patterning performance of a chemically amplified positive-tone resist based on it. EUV imaging experiments were performed using the high-numerical-aperture (NA = 0.3), small-field EUV exposure tool (HINA) at ASET and coherent illumination (σ = 0.0). Patterning results showed the resolution of the resist to be 28 nm, the obtainable aspect ratio to be as high as 2, pattern collapse was markedly suppressed. The line-edge roughness (LER) to be small, with 3σ being 3.9 nm for 35-nm line-and-space patterns at an EUV exposure dose of 12.2 mJ/cm2, and an inspection length, L, of 2000 nm. In addition, we evaluated outgassing of the molecular resist during EUV exposure. The order of outgassing rate of the new molecular resist was almost as same as that of a conventional polymeric PHS-based resist.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL METHYLENE COMPLEXES, XLIII. THREE‐ AND FOUR‐MEMBERED DIMETALLACYCLES HAVING SULFUR DIOXIDE, SELENIUM, CHLOROGOLD, AND A SILVER DIAZOALKANE AS MOLECULAR BUILDING BLOCKS (1984)

Abstract SO 3 addiert sich als vorzüglicher n‐Ligand unter schonenden Reaktionsbedingungen rasch und übersichtlich an Metall‐Meta l‐Doppelbindun‐ I68ger gano‐Rh‐ und ‐Co‐l(omplexe (I) und (IV) entstehen unter teilweiser Konstitutionsisomerisierung der Brückenliganden die neuen u‐Süg‐Komplexe (II), (III) bzw. (V).
[Surgical results of unilateral recession-resection for intermittent exotropia in children: multicenter study in Japan]. (2011)

The distribution of surgical age and preoperative deviation of intermittent extropia of children were elucidated. Preoperative deviation under 30PD and esodeviation (overcorrection) at one-week postoperative time were significantly related to the cure.
Microstructure of two-phase random media. IV. Expected surface area of a dispersion of penetrable spheres and its characteristic function (1984)

A new expression is derived for the expected surface area of a dispersion of spheres distributed with arbitrary degree of penetrability. A convenient representation of the characteristic function of the interfacial surface is also introduced.
Modulation transfer functions and contrast sensitivity through low vision telescopes (1989)

Telescopes are coherently coupled to the eye. Because their wavefront aberrations may be altered by the optics of the eye, especially by accommodation, some researchers question the ability of their modulation transfer functions (MTF) to predict changes in contrast sensitivity functions (CSF) through them. We measured the CSFs of visually normal and aphakic subjects through telescopes. We found that MTF appears to be useful for ranking the telescopes, and accommodation appears to improve focus and partly balance wavefront errors. Our results suggest that cascading (multiplying the contrast of the instrumental MTF with the unaided CSF at each spatial frequency) is useful for predicting visually aided CSFs to within 4 dB.
LatentFusion: End-to-End Differentiable Reconstruction and Rendering for Unseen Object Pose Estimation (2020)

Current 6D object pose estimation methods usually require a 3D model for each object. These methods also require additional training in order to incorporate new objects. As a result, they are difficult to scale to a large number of objects and cannot be directly applied to unseen objects. We propose a novel framework for 6D pose estimation of unseen objects. We present a network that reconstructs a latent 3D representation of an object using a small number of reference views at inference time. Our network is able to render the latent 3D representation from arbitrary views. Using this neural renderer, we directly optimize for pose given an input image. By training our network with a large number of 3D shapes for reconstruction and rendering, our network generalizes well to unseen objects. We present a new dataset for unseen object pose estimation--MOPED. We evaluate the performance of our method for unseen object pose estimation on MOPED as well as the ModelNet and LINEMOD datasets. Our method performs competitively to supervised methods that are trained on those objects. Code and data will be available at https://keunhong.com/publications/latentfusion/.
Cross-Layer Link Adaptation for Wireless Video (2010)

Current link adaptation algorithms for IEEE 802.11 WLANs exhibit behavior which makes them unsuitable for transmission of multiple simultaneous real-time uplink video streams. First, these algorithms do not consider the properties of the video codec, and hence, are unaware of the impact of PHY rate selection on the perceptual quality of the received video. Second, they do not differentiate between channel errors and collisions, and hence severely malfunction when the collision probability is non-negligible. In this paper, we propose a link adaptation strategy that not only optimizes the perceptual quality of the received video, but also maintains network stability by preventing catastrophic failure due to collisions. We show that switching to a lower PHY rate improves the SNR/BER performance, but increases channel contention (and hence the collision probability). Then, we use this information plus knowledge of the video codec and network transport protocol to estimate the received perceptual video quality at the current and adjacent PHY rates. The PHY rate that yields the best perceptual quality is chosen for each Group of Pictures (GOP). We support the proposed algorithm through experiments with real wireless cameras on which we have implemented our algorithm.
Secrecy in MIMOME wiretap channels: Beamforming with imperfect CSI (2014)

We propose two beamforming schemes supporting multi-stream transmission in multi-input multi-output multi-antenna eavesdropper wiretap channels with imperfect channel state information of the eavesdropper. We first propose a generalized eigenvalue decomposition (GEVD)-based beamforming scheme by designing the beamforming matrix and determining the power allocation matrix. In particular, we determine a general power allocation matrix for arbitrary signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and a simplified power allocation matrix for high SNR. We demonstrate that our GEVD-based beamforming scheme delivers a higher achievable secrecy rate than the existing beamforming schemes in the medium and high SNR regime. We also demonstrate that the simplified power allocation matrix delivers the same achievable secrecy rate as the general power allocation matrix at high SNRs. We then propose an easy-to-construct EVD-based beamforming scheme which reduces signal processing cost and eliminates power allocation. We demonstrate that our EVD-based beamforming scheme delivers a higher secrecy rate than the GEVD-based beamforming scheme and the existing beamforming schemes in the low SNR regime.
Sulfurimonas crateris sp. nov., a facultative anaerobic sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacterium isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano (2019)

A novel mesophilic facultative anaerobic bacterium, strain SN118<sup>T</sup>, was isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano in Taman Peninsula, Russia. The cells were Gram-negative, motile, short, straight or curved rods with a single polar flagellum. Growth was observed at 5-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 5.5-9.5 (optimum, pH 8.0). Growth of strain SN118<sup>T</sup> was observed in NaCl concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 8.0 % (w/v) with an optimum at 2.0-3.0 % (w/v). The isolate grew chemolithoautotrophically with sulfide, elemental sulfur or thiosulfate as electron donor, oxygen, nitrate or nitrite as an electron acceptor and CO<sub>2</sub>/HCO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> as a carbon source. Molecular hydrogen or organic substances did not support growth. Nitrate was reduced to N<sub>2</sub>. The dominant fatty acids were C<sub>16 : 1</sub>ω7<i>c</i>, C<sub>16 : 0</sub> and C<sub>18</sub> <sub> : </sub> <sub>1</sub>ω7<i>c</i>. The total size of the genome of the novel isolate was 2 209 279 bp and the genomic DNA G+C content was 38.8 mol%. Results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel isolate belonged to the genus <i>Sulfurimonas</i> and was most closely related to <i>Sulfurimonas denitrificans</i> DSM 1251<sup>T</sup> (96.74 %). Based on its physiological properties and results from phylogenetic analyses, including average nucleotide identity and <i>in silico</i> DNA-DNA hybridization values, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus <i>Sulfurimonas</i>, for which the name <i>Sulfurimonas crateris</i> sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SN118<sup>T</sup> (=DSM 109248<sup>T</sup>=VKM B-3378<sup>T</sup>).
Triptorelin relieves lower urinary tract symptoms in Chinese advanced prostate cancer patients: a multicenter, non-interventional, prospective study (2018)

The vast majority of Chinese patients with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer scheduled to receive triptorelin as part of their standard treatment have severe or moderate LUTS. Triptorelin therapy resulted in sustained improvement of LUTS in these patients.
Highly-Efficient Low-Latency HARQ Built on NOMA for URLLC: Radio Resource Allocation and Transmission Rate Control Aspects (2023)

Hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) is an essential technology that efficiently reduces the transmission error rate. However, for ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) in the 5th generation mobile communication systems and beyond, the increase in latency due to retransmission must be minimized in HARQ. In this paper, we propose a highly-efficient low-latency HARQ method built on non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) for URLLC while minimizing the performance loss for coexisting services (use cases) such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). The proposed method can be seen as an extension of the conventional link-level non-orthogonal HARQ to the system-level protocol. This mitigates the problems of the conventional link-level non-orthogonal HARQ, which are decoding error under poor channel conditions and an increase in transmission delay due to restrictions in retransmission timing. In the proposed method, delay-sensitive URLLC packets are preferentially multiplexed with best-effort eMBB packets in the same channel using superposition coding to reduce the transmission latency of the URLLC packet while alleviating the throughput loss in eMBB. This is achieved using a weighted channel-aware resource allocator (scheduler). The inter-packet interference multiplexed in the same channel is removed using a successive interference canceller (SIC) at the receiver. Furthermore, the transmission rates for the initial transmission and retransmission are controlled in an appropriate manner for each service in order to deal with decoding errors caused by error in transmission rate control originating from a time varying channel. We show that the proposed method significantly improves the overall performance of a system that simultaneously provides eMBB and URLLC services.
Seed Treatment withTrichoderma harzianumAlleviates Biotic, Abiotic, and Physiological Stresses in Germinating Seeds and Seedlings (2010)

Trichoderma spp. are endophytic plant symbionts that are widely used as seed treatments to control diseases and to enhance plant growth and yield. Although some recent work has been published on their abilities to alleviate abiotic stresses, specific knowledge of mechanisms, abilities to control multiple plant stress factors, their effects on seed and seedlings is lacking. We examined the effects of seed treatment with T. harzianum strain T22 on germination of seed exposed to biotic stress (seed and seedling disease caused by Pythium ultimum) and abiotic stresses (osmotic, salinity, chilling, or heat stress). We also evaluated the ability of the beneficial fungus to overcome physiological stress (poor seed quality induced by seed aging). If seed were not under any of the stresses noted above, T22 generally had little effect upon seedling performance. However, under stress, treated seed germinated consistently faster and more uniformly than untreated seeds whether the stress was osmotic, salt, or suboptimal temperatures. The consistent response to varying stresses suggests a common mechanism through which the plant-fungus association enhances tolerance to a wide range of abiotic stresses as well as biotic stress. A common factor that negatively affects plants under these stress conditions is accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), and we tested the hypothesis that T22 reduced damages resulting from accumulation of ROS in stressed plants. Treatment of seeds reduced accumulation of lipid peroxides in seedlings under osmotic stress or in aged seeds. In addition, we showed that the effect of exogenous application of an antioxidant, glutathione, or application of T22, resulted in a similar positive effect on seed germination under osmotic stress or in aged seed. This evidence supports the model that T. harzianum strain T22 increases seedling vigor and ameliorates stress by inducing physiological protection in plants against oxidative damage.
Synthesis and biological activity of the diphosphorylphosphonate derivatives of (+)- and (–)-cis-9-(4′-hydroxycyclopent-2′-enyl)guanine (1994)

The carbovir triphosphate analogue 10 and its enantiomer 11 have been synthesized and tested as inhibitors of HIV-reverse transcriptase; the enantiomer 11, more remotely resembling natural nucleotides in stereochemical terms, is surprisingly the more active compound.
Single-Photon Emitters in SiN Integrated Quantum Photonics (2022)

We report on the generation of single-photon emitters in silicon nitride. We demonstrate monolithic integration of these quantum emitters with silicon nitride waveguides showing a room-temperature off-chip count-rate of ~10 4 counts/s and clear antibunching behavior.
Lithium niobate photonics: Unlocking the electromagnetic spectrum (2023)

Lithium niobate (LN), first synthesized 70 years ago, has been widely used in diverse applications ranging from communications to quantum optics. These high-volume commercial applications have provided the economic means to establish a mature manufacturing and processing industry for high-quality LN crystals and wafers. Breakthrough science demonstrations to commercial products have been achieved owing to the ability of LN to generate and manipulate electromagnetic waves across a broad spectrum, from microwave to ultraviolet frequencies. Here, we provide a high-level Review of the history of LN as an optical material, its different photonic platforms, engineering concepts, spectral coverage, and essential applications before providing an outlook for the future of LN.
Docosahexaenoic Acid Reduces Amyloid-β Induced Toxicity in Cells of the Neurovascular Unit (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) as perivascular deposits and senile plaques in the brain. The intake of the polyunsaturated fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) has been associated with decreased amyloid deposition and reduced risk in AD in several epidemiological trials; however the exact underlying molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. The aim of the study was to test whether DHA can exert a direct protective effect on the elements of the neurovascular unit, such as neurons, glial cells, brain endothelial cells, and pericytes, treated with Aβ42 (15 μM). A dose-dependent high cellular toxicity was found in viability assays in all cell types and on acute hippocampal slices after treatment with Aβ42 small oligomers prepared in situ from an isopeptide precursor. The cell morphology also changed dramatically in all cell types. In brain endothelial cells, damaged barrier function and increased para- and transcellular permeability were observed after peptide treatment. The production of reactive oxygen species was elevated in pericytes and endothelial and glial cells. DHA (30 μM) significantly decreased the Aβ42-induced toxic effects in all cell types measured by viability assays, and protected the barrier integrity and functions of brain endothelial cells. DHA also decreased the elevated rhodamine 123 accumulation in brain endothelial cells pre-treated with Aβ42 indicating an effect on efflux pump activity. These results indicate for the first time that DHA can protect not only neurons but also the other elements of the neurovascular unit from the toxic effects of Aβ42 and this effect may be beneficial in AD.
Arbitrary Mixing of Frequency-Range Multimode Quantum States Using Nonlinear Waveguide Crystals Based on Dispersion Engineering (2021)

As a method of quantum pulse gating in a quantum simulator, we experimentally demonstrate arbitrary mixing of multimode quantum states prepared in the frequency domain.
A 3D Magnetic Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel for Magnetomechanical Neuromodulation of Primary Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons (2018)

Neuromodulation tools are useful to decipher and modulate neural circuitries implicated in functions and diseases. Existing electrical and chemical tools cannot offer specific neural modulation while optogenetics has limitations for deep tissue interfaces, which might be overcome by miniaturized optoelectronic devices in the future. Here, a 3D magnetic hyaluronic hydrogel is described that offers noninvasive neuromodulation via magnetomechanical stimulation of primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. The hydrogel shares similar biochemical and biophysical properties as the extracellular matrix of spinal cord, facilitating healthy growth of functional neurites and expression of excitatory and inhibitory ion channels. By testing with different neurotoxins, and micropillar substrate deflections with electrophysical recordings, it is found that acute magnetomechanical stimulation induces calcium influx in DRG neurons primarily via endogenous, mechanosensitive TRPV4 and PIEZO2 channels. Next, capitalizing on the receptor adaptation characteristic of DRG neurons, chronic magnetomechanical stimulation is performed and found that it reduces the expression of PIEZO2 channels, which can be useful for modulating pain where mechanosensitive channels are typically overexpressed. A general strategy is thus offered for neuroscientists and material scientists to fabricate 3D magnetic biomaterials tailored to different types of excitable cells for remote magnetomechanical modulation.
A Case Study in Predictive Three-Dimensional Topography Simulation Based on a Level-Set Algorithm (2004)

The aim of this work is to study the etching of trenches in silicon and the generation of voids during the filling of genuinely three-dimensional trench structures with silicon dioxide or nitride. The trenches studied are part of the manufacturing process of power MOSFETs, where void-less filling must be achieved. Another area of applications is capacitance extraction in interconnect structures, where the deliberate inclusion of voids serves the purpose of reducing overall capacitance. Furthermore, these simulations make it possible to analyze the variations on the feature scale depending on the position of the single trench on the wafer and in the reactor.