gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data-driven decarbonization of residential heating systems (2022)

Heating buildings using fossil fuels such as natural gas, propane and oil makes up a significant proportion of the aggregate carbon emissions every year. Because of this, there is a strong interest in decarbonizing residential heating systems using new technologies such as electric heat pumps. In this paper, we conduct a data-driven optimization study to analyze the potential of replacing gas heating with electric heat pumps to reduce CO2 emission in a city-wide distribution grid. We conduct an in-depth analysis of gas consumption in the city and the resulting carbon emissions. We then present a flexible multi-objective optimization (MOO) framework that optimizes carbon emission reduction while also maximizing other aspects of the energy transition such as carbon-efficiency, and minimizing energy inefficiency in buildings. Our results show that replacing gas with electric heat pumps has the potential to cut carbon emissions by up to 81%. We also show that optimizing for other aspects such as carbon-efficiency and energy inefficiency introduces tradeoffs with carbon emission reduction that must be considered during transition. Lastly, we present preliminary results that shed light into the expected load exerted on the electric grid by transitioning gas to electric heat pumps.
Dynamical Systems and Non-Hermitian Iterative Eigensolvers (2009)

Simple preconditioned iterations can provide an efficient alternative to more elaborate eigenvalue algorithms. We observe that these simple methods can be viewed as forward Euler discretizations of well-known autonomous differential equations that enjoy appealing geometric properties. This connection facilitates novel results describing convergence of a class of preconditioned eigensolvers to the leftmost eigenvalue, provides insight into the role of orthogonality and biorthogonality, and suggests the development of new methods and analyses based on more sophisticated discretizations. These results also highlight the effect of preconditioning on the convergence and stability of the continuous-time system and its discretization.
1118 Effect of Tip Clearance on Rotating Stall Inception in an Axial Flow Compressor Rotor (2009)

The effects of the tip clearance on the rotating stall inception in an axial flow compressor rotor have been investigated by an EFD/CFD hybrid analysis. It has been found that the tip clearance plays an important role in the rotating stall inception. In the compressor with small tip clearance, the concentration of low energy fluid on the blade suction surface and the leading edge separation at the blade tip crucially influence the rotating stall inception. On the other hand, in the one with large tip clearance, tip leakage vortices are dominant in the flow field and their breakdown causes the rotating instability.
Resolving inter-domain policy disputes (2007)

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) allows each autonomous system (AS) to select routes to destinations based on semantically rich and locally determined policies. This autonomously exercised policy freedom can cause instability, where unresolvable policy-based disputes in the network result in interdomain route oscillations. Several recent works have established that such instabilities can only be eliminated by enforcing a globally accepted preference ordering on routes (such as shortest path). To resolve this conflict between policy autonomy and system stability, we propose a distributed mechanism that enforces a preference ordering only when disputes resulting in oscillations exist. This preserves policy freedom when possible, and imposes stability when required.
Crystallization in HfO2 gate insulators with in situ annealing studied by valence-band photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (2005)

We have investigated the valence-band and conduction-band electronic structures of HfO2 gate insulators on Si substrates and their dependence on the annealing temperature in ultrahigh vacuum and the Hf-metal predeposition at the interface by photoemission spectroscopy and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. In the case with the Hf-metal predeposition before the HfO2 deposition, the valence-band spectra were split into double-peak structures and the line shapes of O K-edge x-ray absorption spectra became sharp due to the annealing at 800 and 900 °C. On the other hand, without the Hf-metal predeposition, annealing-temperature dependence in these spectra was not observed. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy images reveal that the changes in both valence-band and O K-edge absorption spectra are related to the crystallization of the HfO2 layer, although it is difficult to distinguish the crystallization in Hf 4f core-level spectra. It suggests that the valence-band photoemission and x-ray absorption spectra can be utilized to investigate the crystallization features in ultrathin gate insulators.
New Anode Material Based on SiO–SnxCoyCz for Lithium Batteries (2012)

A new family of composite materials as anode for lithium-ion batteries, MO-SnxCoyCz (x:y:z molar ratio), was synthesized by custom-made ultrahigh energy ball milling (UHEM) and conventional SPEX ball milling methods. In the past, alloys such as SnCoC and metal oxides such as SiO, SnO2, MoO3, etc., have been studied extensively because of their long cycle life and/or high capacity. The composite metal oxide-SnCoC combines both of these advantages. In this work, we took 50 wt % SiO–50 wt % Sn30Co30C40 as an example, and found that ultrahigh energy ball mill offers more nanoparticles and higher capacity compared with conventional milling. High-energy X-ray diffraction indicates the presence of CoSn2 and Co Bragg phases and highly distorted phases in the mixture. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure analysis reveals a tremendous difference between UHEM and SPEX samples. The pair distribution function shows the local structure and indicates that SiO and SnCoC are not only a physical mixture, but have reacted chemically. Full-cell testing established the feasibility of the composite as an anode material for high-energy, long-life Li-ion batteries. These results demonstrate that the nanostructured SiO–Sn30Co30C40 composite is a promising anode material for practical applications.
A 3-D TCAD Framework for NBTI, Part-II: Impact of Mechanical Strain, Quantum Effects, and FinFET Dimension Scaling (2019)

The TCAD framework developed in part-I of this paper is used to study the impact of fin length (FL) and fin width (FW) scaling on interface trap generation (ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IT</sub> ) during negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) in FinFETs. Structure and mechanical stress are obtained by Sentaurus process. Sentaurus device having capture-emission depassivation (CED) and multistate configuration (MSC) models are used for the trap kinetics. The mechanical strain and quantum confinement (QC) impacts are considered. The framework is validated using measured data from p-FinFETs having different FL and FW. The calibrated framework is used to estimate the impact of scaling on NBTI for 14-nm technology node and below. Different scenarios such as iso-stress bias (VGSTR) versus iso-stress overdrive (OD), and devices having iso-workfunction (WF) or iso-off current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ) are used for comparison.
Explantation of mesangial cell 'hillocks': a method for obtaining human mesangial cells in culture. (1992)

A simple method is presented for selective cell culture of human mesangial cells using explantation of mesangial cell hillocks. Glomeruli which had been incubated with collagenase were explanted on plastic tissue culture flasks. Three to 6 weeks after explantation, a rapidly growing multilayer of elongated mesangial cells was observed to grow over the previously established monolayer of glomerular epithelial cells, ultimately forming multiple nodular foci of mesangial cells or 'mesangial cell hillocks'. By explanting mesangial cell hillocks selectively, pure mesangial cell cultures were easily obtained. When compared with mesangial cells grown in mixed cultures from glomerular explants, the hillock-derived cells were identical in morphology, growth characteristics, cell markers and synthesis of extracellular matrix. This system provides a simple method for the isolation of human mesangial cells in culture.
Influence of Conformational Asymmetry on the Phase Behavior of Ternary Homopolymer/Block Copolymer Blends around the Bicontinuous Microemulsion Channel (2006)

We have developed a new ternary polymeric system, poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (PEP)/poly(butylene oxide) (PBO)/PEP−PBO, to study the complex phase behavior near the bicontinuous microemulsion phas...
Pattern of Recurrence and the Prognostic Factors of Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma (2006)

Purpose: We evaluated the pattern of recurrence and the prognostic factors for patients who suffered with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (TCCa) and were surgically treated.\n\nMaterials and Methods: Between 1986 and 2003, the medical records on 228 patients who were diagnosed and surgically treated for upper urinary tract TCCa were retrospectively analyzed with regard to the pattern of recurrence and the prognostic factors. The main site of the tumors was the renal pelvis in 127 patients and the ureter in 101 patients. Nephroureterectomy and/or bladder cuff resection was performed on 215 patients and conservative surgery was performed on 13 patients, respectively.\n\nResults: Recurrence developed in 75 patients (32.9%) and the mean time to recurrence was 23.9 months (3-120). Of these 75 patients, locoregional recurrence without metastasis occurred in 28.0%, locoregional recurrence with metastasis occurred in 25.3%, metastasis without locoregional recurrence occurred in 42.7% and contralateral upper tract recurrence occurred in 4%. There was no difference between the renal pelvic cancer and ureteral cancer regarding the pattern of recurrence. Meanwhile, 5-year recurrence-free and disease-specific survival rates were 63.9% and 69.7%, respectively. On univariate analysis, the T stage, tumor grade, lymphovascular permeation, margin status and nodal status had a significant influence on recurrence-free survival and disease-specific survival. On multivariate analysis, the T stage and lymphovascular permeation were independent prognostic factors for upper urinary tract TCCa.\n\nConclusions: Locoregional recurrence and metastasis frequently occurred in the upper urinary tract TCCa irrespective of the tumor location. The T stage and lymphovascular permeation were independent prognostic factors for the upper urinary tract TCCa.
Contextual Lensing of Universal Sentence Representations (2020)

What makes a universal sentence encoder universal? The notion of a generic encoder of text appears to be at odds with the inherent contextualization and non-permanence of language use in a dynamic world. However, mapping sentences into generic fixed-length vectors for downstream similarity and retrieval tasks has been fruitful, particularly for multilingual applications. How do we manage this dilemma? In this work we propose Contextual Lensing, a methodology for inducing context-oriented universal sentence vectors. We break the construction of universal sentence vectors into a core, variable length, sentence matrix representation equipped with an adaptable `lens' from which fixed-length vectors can be induced as a function of the lens context. We show that it is possible to focus notions of language similarity into a small number of lens parameters given a core universal matrix representation. For example, we demonstrate the ability to encode translation similarity of sentences across several languages into a single weight matrix, even when the core encoder has not seen parallel data.
Use of 2,3-Naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde Derivatization for Single-Cell Analysis of Glutathione by Capillary Electrophoresis and Histochemical Localization by Fluorescence Microscopy (1995)

We report that 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde reacts rapidly with glutathione and its precursor, gamma-glutamylcysteine, to form highly fluorescent derivatives under physiological conditions. In contrast to previous accounts of 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde labeling of primary amines, no additional CN- ion or any other additional nucleophile is required. The fluorescence spectral properties of the chromophores (lambda exc max = 472 nm, lambda em max = 528 nm) make these derivatives amenable to excitation and detection by optical instrumentation that is optimized for fluorescein wavelengths. This selective labeling chemistry enabled quantitative determination and histochemical localization of glutathione in neurobiological samples. Intracellular glutathione was labeled by incubating cultured cells or cell suspensions in a 2,3-naphthalenedicarboxaldehyde-supplemented, DMSO-containing physiological buffer (pH = 7.4) for 2-10 min. Applications include imaging of cultured NG 108-15 cells (mouse neuroblastoma x rat glioma) and primary glial and neuronal cell cocultures (rat hippocampus) using epiluminescent and confocal fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative determination of glutathione in single NG 108-15 cells was accomplished using laser-induced fluorescence detection and capillary electrophoresis.
It Takes Two To Target: A Study in KRAS Dimerization (2018)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEViewpointNEXTIt Takes Two To Target: A Study in KRAS DimerizationBehnam Nabet*Behnam NabetDepartment of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United StatesDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States*E-mail: [email protected]More by Behnam Nabethttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-6738-4200 and Nathanael S. Gray*Nathanael S. GrayDepartment of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United StatesDepartment of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States*E-mail: [email protected]More by Nathanael S. Grayhttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-5354-7403Cite this: Biochemistry 2018, 57, 16, 2289–2290Publication Date (Web):April 12, 2018Publication History Received2 April 2018Published online12 April 2018Published inissue 24 April 2018https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00376https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.8b00376editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2018 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3053Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (583 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cancer,Cell signaling,Cells,Dimerization,Inhibitors Get e-Alerts
Modelling of current and temperature rise during discharge initiation in water (2018)

The conduction current recorded when a high voltage impulse is applied to a rod-plane gap containing water is modelled. The electro/thermal model considers the coupling between electric field, Joule dissipation, temperature rise, and variation of liquid resistivity with temperature. A fairly good agreement between current measurements and calculations are obtained. The model also shows the evolution of temperature and field distributions in the gap versus time. The calculated average temperatures appear insufficient to explain liquid boiling. Boiling can be explained by considering the influence of local surface defects. Values of the bubble pressure at discharge ignition are evaluated, with the hypothesis that discharges occur in vapor following Paschen's law.
Analysis of metallic slotted micromirrors using modal decomposition and multiple reflections (2021)

Micromirrors are essential elements in many photonic systems. The state-of-the-art technology provides micromachining of different types of micromirrors such as Bragg, metallized, and slotted metallic mirrors. The slotted metallic mirrors are thought to overcome some of the drawbacks of the other types that include limited bandwidth, sensitivity to fabrication tolerance, and dielectric material absorption. We propose a model that accounts for the slit thickness and width, incident light profile and polarization in addition to the multiple reflections inside the slit using modal decomposition. The model results are compared to finite-difference–time domain simulations and a good matching is obtained. The model successfully quantifies the transmission below cutoff in the TE polarization for perfectly conducting metallic boundaries. The model also quantifies the Fabry–Pérot-like resonances in the transmission of TM polarized light.
P‐11: Development of a 1.51‐in. Quarter‐XGA (Monochrome 423ppi) Fully Integrated AMOLED Display and a Proposal of its Applications (2005)

Abstract We have succeeded in development of the fully integrated AMOLED display suitable for a small‐text portable information display terminal which realizes a super high resolution and integrates a luminance compensation circuit and a DC/DC converter on the substrate for the first time in the world. In this paper, we would like to discuss an approach to realize a super high resolution and technology for integrating functional circuits. We would also like to introduce an AMOLED display that we have recently fabricated. In addition, we would like to propose some applications of the AMOLED display.
Clinical Studies of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Conjugate Vaccines in Adults and Young Children (2015)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a food-borne pathogen that can lead to complications such as hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), serious sequelae. In the United States, the most common E. coli serotype causing outbreaks is O157:H7, although non-O157 serotypes also cause the same disease, but in much fewer cases. The highest incidence rate is among children of preschool age ( 1 , 2 ).
Designing Power Modules for Degradation Sensing (2019)

This paper presents a method for designing multi-chip power modules for increased degradation monitoring performance, especially in converter real-time applications. It builds upon prior work which identified variations in three-dimensional transient heat transfer with interface and interconnect state-of-health. This paper contributes a method for a module designer to quantify opportunities and limits in using chip-based temperature sensing to implement electrothermal impedance spectroscopy in an actively switching wide-bandgap module. Challenges intrinsic to modules, such as the presence of multiple, closely packed heat sources, are identified. The paper then examines spatial degrees-of-freedom for placing additional degradation sensing temperature detectors. Experimental measurements of transient thermal frequency response show sensitivity trends that can be exploited to push temperature sensors against their signal-to-noise ratio limits. Overall, the design method relies on circuit topology and modulation details and is directed toward early-stage converter development. To that end, the included harmonic loss modeling step immediately provides a designer with feedback about the feasibility of a degradation sensing concept.
The influence of CO2 laser local irradiation on the laser damage resistance of fused silica (2013)

The influence of CO2 laser local irradiation (CLLI) on the laser damage resistance of fused silica was studied. It is found that CLLI has no evident effect on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of fused silica when the temperature of irradiation center is low (1139 K). However, the influence of CLLI on LIDT becomes important when the temperature of irradiation center is higher (1638 K). AT first, LIDT decreases with r increasing from zero to rM, where r is the distance to irradiation center, and rM is the distance at which the residual stress-induced phase retardance reaches the maximum. Then, LIDT increases a little when r is larger than rM. The origin of this phenomenon is discussed. Due to the residual stress, re-initiated damage in irradiation region can result in the formation of fractures. The fractures due to the re-initiated damage at irradiation center transport along radial direction firstly, and then transport along the tangential direction near rM. This may be due to the maximum tensile hoop stress and radial stress dependence of radius. Cares should be taken for the optical cleaning when thermal oven annealing is used to eliminate the residual stress. Otherwise, crystallization can be induced by contamination during annealing. The contamination also has negative impact on the light transmission and LIDT.