gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computing with Noisy Information (1994)

This paper studies the depth of noisy decision trees in which each node gives the wrong answer with some constant probability. In the noisy Boolean decision tree model, tight bounds are given on the number of queries to input variables required to compute threshold functions, the parity function and symmetric functions. In the noisy comparison tree model, tight bounds are given on the number of noisy comparisons for searching, sorting, selection and merging. The paper also studies parallel selection and sorting with noisy comparisons, giving tight bounds for several problems.
Pioneering Investigators 2017 (2017)

This themed issue of <italic>Polymer Chemistry</italic> highlights the work of pioneering investigators in the polymer chemistry field. Associate Editors Emily Pentzer and Eva Harth introduce the issue.
A Study on the Neutron Dosimetry with LiF Thermoluminescent Dosimeters (1975)

A study was made on the neutron dosimetry in a mixed gamma-neutron field with LiF thermoluminescent dosimeter. In order to estimate the neutron dose in a mixed field, LiF and LiF dosimeters were used for fast and thermal neutron doses. The over-all conversion factors for the effects of dosimeter positions were derived for personnel monitoring and the glow curves of the LiF dosimeters for neutron and gamma-ray doses were also analyzed.
Intraosseous Patellar Blood Supply After Medial Parapatellar Arthrotomy (1998)

Total knee arthroplasty surgical exposure compromises blood flow to the patella. This reduction in blood flow may result in numerous patellar related complications. This study examined the intraosseous blood supply in normal patellas and those simulating total knee arthroplasty exposure. Fifteen anatomic specimen patellas were used. Ten undisturbed patellas were injected intravascularly with a colored perfusate via at least one geniculate artery, and five were subjected to a median parapatellar approach and a lateral release before injecting. Every patella was removed, embedded in epoxy, and sequentially milled. An orthogonal grid was used to position evident interosseous vessels, and each grid was normalized, allowing comparison among patellas. Perfused intrapatellar arteries formed an anastomotic network of penetrating and radiating arteries. Eighty percent of the interosseous blood supply was found in the central 50% of the undisturbed patellas. The surgically exposed patellas incurred a 75% decrease in total perfusion. There was no significant inflow from the periphery of the patella because the entire blood supply appeared to come from the anterior cortical perforating vessels. Damage to the central 50% of interosseous bone or anterior soft tissue cuff because of a central fixation post or anterior cruciate ligament graft increases the risk for segmental devascularization.
Discrete Element Method Simulation of Wheat Bulk Density as Affected by Grain Drop Height and Kernel Size Distribution (2022)

Highlights The predicted bulk density of two wheat varieties varied with drop height, similar to the experiments. The percentage composition of three kernel size fractions in the wheat varieties affected the bulk density. Accurate particle shape representation simulated the heap profile better but required longer computational time. The single-sphere model is more practical to use because of its higher accuracy and lower computational cost. Abstract . Grain bulk density varies widely depending on kernel properties and handling practices. The discrete element method (DEM) can model such behavior at the particle level, including wide-ranging interactions with equipment. The objective of this study was to develop a DEM model to predict wheat bulk density as affected by grain drop height and kernel size distribution. The bulk density of two wheat varieties was measured experimentally for a range of drop heights with a modified test weight per bushel apparatus and was simulated in EDEM v2018.1 using single-sphere and five-sphere particle models that accounted for three kernel size fractions. For both particle models, simulations matched the observed behavior, showing a bulk density increase with increasing drop height and bulk density differences between varieties due to different kernel size fractions. The single-sphere particle model predicted the bulk density with higher accuracy than the five-sphere particle model, while the five-sphere model, which more accurately represented the shape of wheat kernels, allowed better simulation of the heap profile at the cost of longer computation time. These particle models can be used to simulate bulk density of wheat under compaction and to improve prediction models of grain pack factor for wheat. Keywords: Bulk density, DEM, Drop height, Size distribution, Wheat.
Structure ofThermotoga maritimaTM0439: implications for the mechanism of bacterial GntR transcription regulators with Zn2+-binding FCD domains (2009)

The GntR superfamily of dimeric transcription factors, with more than 6200 members encoded in bacterial genomes, are characterized by N-terminal winged-helix DNA-binding domains and diverse C-terminal regulatory domains which provide a basis for the classification of the constituent families. The largest of these families, FadR, contains nearly 3000 proteins with all-alpha-helical regulatory domains classified into two related Pfam families: FadR_C and FCD. Only two crystal structures of FadR-family members, those of Escherichia coli FadR protein and LldR from Corynebacterium glutamicum, have been described to date in the literature. Here, the crystal structure of TM0439, a GntR regulator with an FCD domain found in the Thermotoga maritima genome, is described. The FCD domain is similar to that of the LldR regulator and contains a buried metal-binding site. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy and Trp fluorescence, it is shown that the recombinant protein contains bound Ni(2+) ions but that it is able to bind Zn(2+) with K(d) < 70 nM. It is concluded that Zn(2+) is the likely physiological metal and that it may perform either structural or regulatory roles or both. Finally, the TM0439 structure is compared with two other FadR-family structures recently deposited by structural genomics consortia. The results call for a revision in the classification of the FadR family of transcription factors.
Determination of Flavanol and Procyanidin (by Degree of Polymerization 1–10) Content of Chocolate, Cocoa Liquors, Powder(s), and Cocoa Flavanol Extracts by Normal Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study (2012)

An international collaborative study was conducted on an HPLC method with fluorescent detection (FLD) for the determination of flavanols and procyanidins in materials containing chocolate and cocoa. The sum of the oligomeric fractions with degree of polymerization 1-10 was the determined content value. Sample materials included dark and milk chocolates, cocoa powder, cocoa liquors, and cocoa extracts. The content ranged from approximately 2 to 500 mg/g (defatted basis). Thirteen laboratories representing commercial, industrial, and academic institutions in six countries participated in the study. Fourteen samples were sent as blind duplicates to the collaborators. Results from 12 laboratories yielded repeatability relative standard deviation (RSDr) values that were below 10% for all materials analyzed, ranging from 4.17 to 9.61%. The reproducibility relative standard deviation (RSD(R)) values ranged from 5.03 to 12.9% for samples containing 8.07 to 484.7 mg/g. In one sample containing a low content of flavanols and procyanidins (approximately 2 mg/g), the RSD(R) was 17.68%. Based on these results, the method is recommended for Official First Action for the determination of flavanols and procyanidins in chocolate, cocoa liquors, powder(s), and cocoa extracts.
Risk of HIV Infection in Oral Contraceptive Pill Users: A Meta-analysis (1999)

This meta-analysis found a significant association between oral contraceptive use and HIV-1 seroprevalence or seroincidence. For women at risk of HIV-1 infection, oral contraceptive use for prevention of pregnancy should be accompanied by condom use for prevention of HIV-1 infection.
AKT1 Overexpression in Endothelial Cells Leads to the Development of Cutaneous Vascular Malformations In Vivo (2007)

Inhibition of Akt signaling may be useful in the treatment of vascular malformations. Examination of problematic hemangiomas and vascular malformations for the presence of activated Akt or downstream targets of Akt, such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), may predict response to treatment with Akt inhibitors or rapamycin. This study provides a potential rationale for the systemic and topical use of these inhibitors for vascular malformations and hemangiomas.
A hyper-branched polymer tunes the size and enhances the fluorescent properties of aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles (2020)

The host-guest interaction approach, specifically <i>via</i> the formation of hydrogen bonds, is an effective strategy for preparing luminescent hyper-branched polymers. The challenge here is how to optimize the binding strength and particle size to tune fluorescence properties. The aim of the current study was to optimize the guest (aggregation-induced emission molecule, AIE)-host (hyper-branched polymer, HBP) interaction in the development of an HBP/AIE complex (AIE-HBP) with tunable luminescence properties <i>via</i> the formation of strong hydrogen bonds. Overall, a simple one-step method for the preparation of AIE-HBP was demonstrated. The method was based on the formation of hydrogen bonds among AIE molecules and HBP molecules, resulting in the development of a stable AIE-polymer complex. Compared to other techniques (direct polymerization or post-functionalization), the proposed technique was much simpler. The fluorescence properties of AIE-HBP were significantly enhanced compared to AIE alone and could be tuned during the formation of AIE-HBP by using a novel vortex fluidic device (VFD). The as-prepared AIE-HBP can be used to simultaneously enhance the mechanical properties of hydrogels while increasing the fluorescence properties.
On the Personality Traits of GitHub Contributors (2016)

People's personality has the potential to explain the behavior in different situations. This understanding of the behavior is required to understand the intricacies of the team, which can then be used to optimize work performance. As an initial step towards optimizing work performance, in this paper, we explore the inferential power of the personality traits in explaining the behavior of contributors in various contexts of software development in GitHub. Analyses of 243 actively discussed projects showed that the contributors with extreme (high or low) levels of contributions are more neurotic compared to the contributors with medium-level of contributions. Analyses of 423 active contributors showed that contributors evolve as more conscientious, more extrovert and less agreeable over the years of participation. The findings of this study match our ideas and are promising for further explorations.
Variational estimates of the self-consistent type for the effective behaviour of some model nonlinear polycrystals (1997)

A new class of self‐consistent estimates for nonlinear polycrystals is obtained by making use of the classical self‐consistent estimates for the ‘linear comparison polycrystal’ in the nonlinear variational procedure of deBotton and Ponte Castañeda (1995). A distinctive feature of the new self‐consistent estimates is that they satisfy the recent bound of Kohn and Little (1997) for two‐dimensional ideally plastic polycrystals, which is known to be significantly more restrictive than the Taylor bound at large grain anisotropy. In addition, the new self‐consistent estimates are found to satisfy the Taylor and Hashin–Shtrikman bounds, which are sharper than the Kohn–Little bound at low grain anisotropy. This result suggests that the new self‐consistent estimates may also be more accurate than other self‐consistent estimates, like those arising from the incremental model of Hill (1965), for three‐dimensional nonlinear polycrystals.
Analysis of Pulsed RF Signals Radiated from a Capacitive NLTL (2018)

Nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) have been studied for application in aerospace radars, telecommunications, and medical devices. The radiofrequency (RF) pulses generated by the NLTLs can be radiated by antennas connected at the output of the lines. There have been relatively few articles that show experimental results regarding the transmission and reception of RF signal generated by NLTLs employing dipole antennas, in special with nonlinear lumped capacitive lines. In this paper, the results of simulations and measurements performed on a 30-section capacitive NLTL using low-voltage varactor diodes (BB809) as nonlinear elements are presented. The pulsed RF signal around 40 MHz was generated by a low voltage pulsed DC signal at the input of the line. The NLTL was characterized using time/frequency-domain analysis of the pulsed RF signals measured on a resistive load connected at the line output and on transmitting and receiving by two half-wave dipole antennas.
Psychophysical reverse correlation reflects both sensory and decision-making processes (2018)

Goal-directed behavior depends on both sensory mechanisms that gather information from the outside world and decision-making mechanisms that select appropriate behavior based on that sensory information. Psychophysical reverse correlation is commonly used to quantify how fluctuations of sensory stimuli influence behavior and is generally believed to uncover the spatiotemporal weighting functions of sensory processes. Here we show that reverse correlations also reflect decision-making processes and can deviate significantly from the true sensory filters. Specifically, changes of decision bound and mechanisms of evidence integration systematically alter psychophysical reverse correlations. Similarly, trial-to-trial variability of sensory and motor delays and decision times causes systematic distortions in psychophysical kernels that should not be attributed to sensory mechanisms. We show that ignoring details of the decision-making process results in misinterpretation of reverse correlations, but proper use of these details turns reverse correlation into a powerful method for studying both sensory and decision-making mechanisms.
The multipole resonance probe: Investigation of an active plasma resonance probe using 3D-electromagnetic field simulations (2012)

A novel industry compatible plasma probe for the simultaneous determination of the most important process parameters for supervision and control of technical plasmas is presented in this paper. 3D-electromagnetic field simulations are used for optimization of the so called multipole resonance probe. In addition, the influence of different parameters of a modelled plasma on the probe is investigated. Good agreements between simulations and measurements of a prototype in a double inductive coupled plasma confirm the observed behaviour within the simulated plasmas. This allows an efficient preliminary investigation of the probe.
Design of a compact objective for SWIR applications (2011)

Lately the short-wave infrared (SWIR) has become very important due to the recent appearance on the market of the small detectors with a large focal plane array. Military applications for SWIR cameras include handheld and airborne systems with long range detection requirements, but where volume and weight restrictions must be considered. In this paper we present three different designs of telephoto objectives that have been designed according to three different methods. Firstly the conventional method where the starting point of the design is an existing design. Secondly we will face design starting from the design of an aplanatic system. And finally the simultaneous multiple surfaces (SMS) method, where the starting point is the input wavefronts that we choose. The designs are compared in terms of optical performance, volume, weight and manufacturability. Because the objectives have been designed for the SWIR waveband, the color correction has important implications in the choice of glass that will be discussed in detail.
Solving Resonance Problems in Transitions: End-Launch Connector Considerations for Coaxial-to-Microstrip Transitions (2019)

Coaxial-to-microstrip transitions are usually a required part of microwave and millimeter-wave products that feature microstrip-based circuit designs. The transitions not only facilitate device testing; they also benefit system assembly and integration. To meet the growing demand for high-speed data rates from wireless communication systems, broadband behavior has become a desired feature for microstrip-based circuits as well as their coaxial-to-microstrip transitions. The conventional design for coaxial-to-microstrip transitions suffers severe insertion loss at higher frequencies. This problem adds inaccuracy to broadband measurements when the equipment requires minimum power. The design also fails to deliver maximum power to radiators for high-frequency measurements when the transition is involved in the feed network for planar antennas. Therefore, improving the high-frequency performance of coaxial-to-microstrip transitions has become an important subject for microwave engineering.
Comment on “A Bacterium That Can Grow by Using Arsenic Instead of Phosphorus” (2011)

Wolfe-Simon et al. (Research Articles, 3 June 2011, p. 1163; published online 2 December 2010) argued that the bacterial strain GFAJ-1 can vary the elemental composition of its biomolecules by substituting arsenic for phosphorus. Although their data show that GFAJ-1 is an extraordinary extremophile, consideration of arsenate redox chemistry undermines the suggestion that arsenate can replace the physiologic functions of phosphate.
Analysis of Impact Sensitivity Characteristics for Typical Explosive Cylinder (2011)

In order to study explosive safety under impact,the impact sensitivities of TNT,composition B,desensitizing RDX etc typical explosive cylinder were measured with the 400 kg drop hammer,and the results were comparatively analysed with conventional impact sensitivity test(GJB772A-1997).The result show that the impact sensitivity of explosives with similar composition is closely related to its compressive strength and molding process.Safety of TNT is best in TNT-based explosive,and impact sensitivity of HMX-based explosive is lower than that of RDX-based explosive.
Real Image Inversion via Segments (2021)

In this short report, we present a simple, yet effective approach to editing real images via generative adversarial networks (GAN). Unlike previous techniques, that treat all editing tasks as an operation that affects pixel values in the entire image in our approach we cut up the image into a set of smaller segments. For those segments corresponding latent codes of a generative network can be estimated with greater accuracy due to the lower number of constraints. When codes are altered by the user the content in the image is manipulated locally while the rest of it remains unaffected. Thanks to this property the final edited image better retains the original structures and thus helps to preserve natural look.
Effect of post deposition anneal on the characteristics of HfO2/InP metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors (2011)

The interface trap density (Dit) and bonding of the HfO2/InP interface is investigated. The energy distribution of interface states extracted using capacitance-voltage measurements show a peak near midgap in InP and a tail, which extends into the InP conduction band. Both the Dit peak and the conduction band Dit increase with increasing post-deposition annealing temperature. A substantial increase in the native oxides with annealing temperature is observed with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The possible bonding states responsible for the defects are presented.
11.1: An Auto‐Stereoscopic 3D Display Using Tunable Liquid Crystal Lens Array That Mimics Effects of GRIN Lenticular Lens Array (2009)

Abstract A tunable liquid crystal lenticular lens array is proposed to compose an auto‐stereoscopic 3D display. The focusing can be achieved based on non‐uniform phase retardation across the width of the LC lenticular lens, mimicking the effects of gradient index (GRIN) lens. The viewing distance and zones of this display can be adjusted in an on‐line fashion to track the viewer position relative to the display. The proposed scheme can present the lenticular lens and the LC GRIN lens simultaneously, so that the simulation results can express the low value of crosstalk of 9% by the lenticular lens array and the LC GRIN lens array.
Femoroacetabular Impingement in Elite Ice Hockey Goaltenders (2015)

The magnitude of internal rotation was the most extreme planar hip motion (relative to end-range) recorded in this study (namely during decelerating) and appeared to differentiate this cohort from other athletic populations. Consequently, repetitive end-range hip internal rotation may be the primary precursor to symptomatic FAI in hockey goaltenders and provides the most plausible account for the high incidence of FAI in these athletes. Resection techniques should, therefore, focus on enhancing internal rotation in goaltenders, compared with flexion and adduction. While the butterfly posture can require significant levels of hip motion, recovering from a save and, in particular, decelerating during skating are also demanding on goaltenders' hip joints. Therefore, it appears critical to consider and accommodate a variety of sport-specific hip postures to comprehensively diagnose, treat, and rehabilitate FAI.
Direct Inhibitory Effect of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone upon Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Induction of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor and Aromatase Activity in Rat Granulosa Cells* (1980)

The effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its agonists upon FSH induction of LH/hCG receptor and aromatases was studied. Immature, hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated female rats were injected with FSH and/or GnRH agonists twice daily for 2 days. FSH (100 μg/injection) increased LH/hCG receptor in granulosa cells by 66-fold, whereas concomitant treatments with GnRH (100 μg/injection) or GnRH agonist (50 μg [d-Leu6(N0Me)Leu7]GnRH or 10 μg des-Gly10-[d-Trp6,Pro9-NHEt]GnRH) inhibited the FSH-induced increase in LH/hCG receptor by 95%. Incubation of granulosa cells obtained from FSH-treated animals with graded doses of aromatase substrate (Δ4-androstenedione) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in estrogen production (maximal production, 1.65 ng/105 cells; ED50 = 3 × 10−8m). In contrast, concomitant treatment with GnRH agonists depressed estrogen production. Histological examination of the ovaries from animals treated with FSH plus GnRH agonist indicated the presence of antrumcontaining follicles. Some ova in these follicles had resumed meiotic maturation and appeared to be undergoing fragmentation. Granulosa cells were cultured for 2 days with FSH (100 ng/ml) and/or GnRH or GnRH agonist. Compared to control cells, FSH induced a 12-fold increase in LH/hCG receptor, whereas concomitant GnRH or GnRH agonist (10−m) treatment completely abolished the FSH effect. Likewise, concomitant treatment with GnRH or GnRH agonist resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of FSH-induced steroidogenesis. Furthermore, GnRH was shown to inhibit granulosa cell estrogen production induced by cholera toxin and prostaglandin E2. The present study extends our previous studies in demonstrating the direct inhibitory effect of GnRH and its agonists on ovarian LH/hCG receptor formation and steroidogenesis in vivo and in vitro. This provides the basis for understanding the inhibitory effect of these peptides on various female reproductive functions. (Endocrinology106: 1697, 1980)