gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Silver by Glucose (2016)

Abstract Unprecedented silver ion leaching, in the range of 0.7 ppm was seen when metallic silver was heated in water at 70 °C in presence of simple carbohydrates, such as glucose, making it a green method of silver extraction. Extraction was facilitated by the presence of anions, such as carbonate and phosphate. Studies confirm a two‐step mechanism of silver release, first forming silver ions at the metal surface and later complexation of ionic silver with glucose; such complexes have been detected by mass spectrometry. Extraction leads to microscopic roughening of the surface making it Raman active with an enhancement factor of 5×10 8 .
Alterations in Physical Cross-Linking Modulate Mechanical Properties of Two-Phase Protein Polymer Networks (2005)

Physically cross-linked protein-based materials possess a number of advantages over their chemically cross-linked counterparts, including ease of processing and the ability to avoid the addition or removal of chemical reagents or unreacted intermediates. The investigations reported herein sought to examine the nature of physical cross-links within two-phase elastin-mimetic protein triblock copolymer networks through an analysis of macroscopic viscoelastic properties. Given the capacity of solution processing conditions, including solvent type and temperature to modulate the microstructure of two-phase protein polymer networks, viscoelastic properties were examined under conditions in which interphase block mixing had been either accentuated or diminished during network formation. Protein networks exhibited strikingly different properties in terms of elastic modulus, hysteresis, residual deformability, and viscosity in response to interdomain mixing. Thus, two-phase protein polymer networks exhibit tunable responses that extend the range of application of these materials to a variety of tissue engineering applications.
Specifying and verifying hardware for tamper-resistant software (2004)

We specify a hardware architecture that supports tamper-resistant software by identifying an "idealized" model, which gives the abstracted actions available to a single user program. This idealized model is compared to a concrete "actual" model that includes actions of an adversarial operating system. The architecture is verified by using a finite-state enumeration tool (a model checker) to compare executions of the idealized and actual models. In this approach, software tampering occurs if the system can enter a state where one model is inconsistent with the other in performing the verification, we detected a replay attack scenario and were able to verify the security of our solution to the problem. Our methods were also able to verify that all actions in the architecture are required, as well as come up with a set of constraints on the operating system to guarantee liveness for users.
A study on the nitridation of barrier liner contribution to galvanic corrosion of copper bondpad (2021)

Galvanic corrosion of copper bondpad is studied with various copper barrier liner compositions in a unbiased highly accelerated stress test (uhast) condition. It is observed that the delamination at the bimetallic interface between the barrier liner and bulk copper has a strong dependence of N/Ta ratio of the liner. The delamination mechanism is explained and attributed to the galvanic corrosion, due to the presence of electrochemical potential difference between the barrier liner and bulk copper, which is shown to be significantly suppressed by increasing the nitrogen content composition of the liner.
Determination of the antibacterial efficacy of several antiseptics tested on skin by an ‘ex-vivo’ test (2001)

There are many skin antiseptics commercially available. Although their antibacterial activity has often been well studied, their potential effectiveness on skin remains poorly documented. To date, in-vivo protocols designed for the testing of the antimicrobial efficacy of antiseptics cannot use, for ethical reasons, pathogenic bacteria or new formulations whose toxicity in human subjects is unknown. An 'ex-vivo' test was recently developed to overcome these problems. Freshly excised human skin from abdominal or breast reduction was placed in a diffusion cell containing a maintenance medium in the recipient compartment. A bacterial inoculum was then applied to the stratum corneum and, after a drying step, antiseptic formulations were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Several micro-organisms were investigated: - Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Enterococcus faecalis, vancomycin-resistant Ent. faecium (VRE), S. epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli--with several biocides--para-chloro-meta-xylenol (PCMX, active compound of Dettol), povidone iodine, triclosan (in isopropanol) and chlorhexidine. Results from the ex-vivo test were compared with results obtained in suspension and glass-carrier tests. The bactericidal activity of the biocides depended upon the test performed and results were generally significantly different from one method to the other. All biocides tested in the suspension test achieved >4 log10 reduction in viable bacterial concentrations, apart from povidone iodine tested against Ent. faecalis and VRE. The antibacterial activity of biocides tested in the glass-carrier test was significantly lower than in the suspension test, with the exception of triclosan in isopropanol, which was as effective in both suspension and glass-carrier test. In the ex-vivo test, triclosan in isopropanol achieved a log10 reduction in viable bacterial concentration of 1.105-1.771 (with the exception of P. aeruginosa with 0.758 log10 reduction). PCMX, povidone iodine and chlorhexidine achieved log10 reductions in viable bacterial concentration of 0.303-0.901. Chlorhexidine tested against P. aeruginosa produced a 1.94 log10 reduction in concentration. These results confirm previous observations about the need for testing the antimicrobial activity of antiseptics on skin surface to determine their in-situ efficacy and encourage further the use of the ex-vivo protocol.
Wireless sensing and control of temperature using magnetic fields (2023)

A method and system for sensing and controlling temperature with magnetic fields are provided. The method comprises placing a compound in thermal communication with a number of temperature or heat sources and placing a number of magnets in thermal communication with the compound. A number of magnetic sensors are placed in electromagnetic communication with the number of magnets. Changes in the magnetic field of the magnets are detected by the sensors and used to determine the temperature of the compound according to a model that maps magnetic field characteristics to temperature. The amount of cure of the compound can then be estimated from the temperature. The temperature or heat sources are controlled in response to the temperature measurement and the estimated amount of cure of the compound.
SPARC-Oberon: User’s guide (1991)

SPARC-Oberon is an implementation of Oberon for SPARC processors. It covers both, the programming language Oberon and the Oberon System closely resembling the original implementation on Ceres. Hence, this report describes only the differences between SPARC-Oberon and the Ceres implementation (Ceres-Oberon) from a user's point of view.
Correlation of structure and function of chloroplast membranes at the supramolecular level (1984)

Freeze-fracture electron microscopy has revealed that different size classes of intramembrane particles of chloroplast membranes are nonrandomly distributed between appressed grana and nonappressed stroma membrane regions. It is now generally assumed that thylakoid membranes contain five major functional complexes, each of which can give rise to an intramembrane particle of a defined size. These are the photosystem II complex, the photosystem I complex, the cytochrome f/b6 complex, the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex, and the CF0 -CF1 ATP synthetase complex. By mapping the distribution of the different categories of intramembrane particles, information on the lateral organization of functional membrane units of thylakoid membranes can be determined. In this review, we present a brief summary of the evidence supporting the correlation of specific categories of intramembrane particles with known biochemical entities. In addition, we discuss studies showing that ions and phosphorylation of the membrane adhesion factor, the chlorophyll a/b light-harvesting complex, can affect the lateral organization of chloroplast membrane components and thereby regulate membrane function.
Thermostimulated depolarization (TSD) currents of silicone rubber housings and coatings (2002)

The TSD fractional polarization current technique was applied to characterize changes in silicone rubber based materials that were exposed to an aging process in natural service conditions as HV outdoor composite insulation housings and coatings. An elevated temperature polarization process, which is characteristic for silicone rubbers, was analyzed and the distribution of thermokinetic parameters of its relaxation time tau , such as preexponential factor tau /sub oa/ and activation enthalpy Delta H, was found. The natural aging process leads to a drastic decrease of the tau /sub oa/ values, while the Delta H values increase slightly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Projection-domain metal artifact correction using a dual layer detector (2020)

Metal artifact remains a challenge in cone-beam CT images. Many two-pass metal artifact reduction methods have been proposed, which work fairly well, but are limited when the metal is outside the scan field-of-view (FOV) or when the metal is moving during the scan. In the former, even reconstructing with a larger FOV does not guarantee a good estimate of metal location in the projections; and in the latter, the metal location in each projection is difficult to identify due to motion. Furthermore, two-pass methods increase the total reconstruction time. In this study, a projection-based metal detection and correction method with a dual layer detector is investigated. The dual layer detector provides dual energy images with perfect temporal and spatial registration in each projection, which aid in the identification of metal. A simple phantom with metal wires (copper) and a needle (steel) is used to evaluate the projection-based metal artifact reduction method from a dual layer scan and compared with that of a single layer scan. Preliminary results showed enhanced ability to identify metal regions, leading to substantially reduced metal artifact in reconstructed images. In summary, an effective single-pass, projection-domain method using a dual layer detector has been demonstrated, and it is expected to be robust against truncation and motion.
Antitumor activity of an anti‐CD98 antibody (2014)

CD98 is expressed on several tissue types and specifically upregulated on fast-cycling cells undergoing clonal expansion. Various solid (e.g., nonsmall cell lung carcinoma) as well as hematological malignancies (e.g., acute myeloid leukemia) overexpress CD98. We have identified a CD98-specific mouse monoclonal antibody that exhibits potent preclinical antitumor activity against established lymphoma tumor xenografts. Additionally, the humanized antibody designated IGN523 demonstrated robust tumor growth inhibition in leukemic cell-line derived xenograft models and was as efficacious as standard of care carboplatin in patient-derived nonsmall lung cancer xenografts. In vitro studies revealed that IGN523 elicited strong ADCC activity, induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization and inhibited essential amino acid transport function, ultimately resulting in caspase-3 and -7-mediated apoptosis of tumor cells. IGN523 is currently being evaluated in a Phase I clinical trial for acute myeloid leukemia (NCT02040506). Furthermore, preclinical data support the therapeutic potential of IGN523 in solid tumors.
THE LIQUID HYDROGEN BUBBLE CHAMBER CBH-81: GENERALITIES (1961)

The conception of the CBH-81 and its realization are briefly considered, and the principles of a hydrogen bubble chamber are summarized. Then a general description of the CBH-81 with its installation at CERN is given. (J.S.R.)
Investigating the Composite/Metal Interface and its Influence on the Electrical Resistance Measurement (2018)

The advantages introduced by carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites has made them an appropriate choice in many applications and an ideal replacement for conventional materials. The benefits using CFRP composites are due to their lightweight, high stiffness, as well as corrosion resistance. For this reason, there is a fast growing trend in using CFRP composites for aircraft and wind turbine structural applications. The replacement of the conventional aerospace-grade metal alloys (aluminum, titanium, magnesium, etc.) with CFRP composites results in new challenges. For example, an aircraft during flight is prone to be struck by lightning. To withstand the injection of such massive amount of energy, adequate electrical properties, mainly electrical conductivity, is required. In fact, electrical conductance (or its reciprocal, resistance) is a critical parameter representing any material change and it can be considered an index for health monitoring. In this paper, AS4/8552 carbon/epoxy laminated composites were injected with two types of electrical currents, impulse current and direct current. The change in measured electrical resistance was recorded. A significant resistance drop occurred after electrical current injections. Furthermore, four-point flexural tests were performed on these composites to correlate an electrical resistance change with a potential flexural property change. There was no clear trend between a resistance change and flexural strength/modulus change of the test coupons, regardless of current injection. However, it was observed that the injection of the current affects the contact resistance such that its resistance decreases.
Characterization of multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor‐binding proteins and phospholipases A2 from the venom of the coral snake Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus (1996)

The presence of multiple nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AchR)-binding proteins and phospholipases A2 was detected in the venom of a member of the Elapinae subfamily, Micrurus nigrocinctus nigrocinctus. Multi-step chromatographies were used to isolate four AchR-binding proteins (Mnn-9, Mnn-4, Mnn-3C and Mnn-1A) and five basic PLA2s (nigroxins A, B, C1, C2 and C3). The Micrurus AchR-binding proteins are antigenically and structurally related to short- and long-chain alpha-neurotoxins from Naja. The nigroxins are antigenically similar and constitute a new antigenic subclass of PLA(2)s. Nigroxins A and B are class I PLA(2)s, structurally more related to enzymes from Bungarinae than to those from Hydrophinae/Laticaudinae. These data contribute to clarify the relationships between Micrurus venom proteins and other elapid toxins and may be useful to improve the neutralizing efficiency of antivenoms.
Proceso catalítico para la producción de hidrocarburos y compuestos aromáticos a partir de compuestos oxigenados presentes en mezclas acuosas (2019)

Proceso para la producción de mezclas de hidrocarburos y compuestos aromáticos, para su uso como componentes de combustibles (preferentemente en el rango C5-C16), mediante la transformación catalítica de compuestos orgánicos oxigenados presentes en fracciones acuosas derivadas de tratamientos de biomasa, que puede comprender al menos las siguientes etapas: i) contacto de la mezcla acuosa conteniendo los compuestos orgánicos oxigenados derivados de biomasa con un catalizador que comprende al menos Sn y Nb, Sn y Ti, y combinaciones de Sn, Ti y Nb ii) hacer reaccionar la mezcla con el catalizador en un reactor catalítico a temperaturas entre 100 y 350°C y presiones de 1 a 80 bares en ausencia de hidrógeno: y iii) recuperar los productos obtenidos mediante un proceso de separación líquido/líquido de las fases acuosa y orgánica
Imaging with the DORT method (2003)

The decomposition of the time reversal operator (DORT) method applies to active detection and focusing of acoustic waves using arrays of transmitters and receivers. This method allows detection and selective focusing on scatterers through complex media. It consists in the construction of the invariants of the time reversal process, that are also the singular vectors of the array response matrix. The DORT method is particularly interesting for detection in inhomogeneous media when the acoustic properties are poorly known. However, if an estimate of the medium’s Green function is available, images of the medium can be formed by backpropagation of the dominant eigenvectors. For the detection of defect in scattering media like titanium, the method is useful to separate the echo of a defect from the microstructure contribution and thus to reduce speckle noise. We will also see that the time reversal operator can be interpreted as a pseudocovariance matrix like those encountered in classical array signal processing. And as shown by Anthony J. Devaney [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 2617 (2001)], nonlinear estimators like MUSIC can be applied to achieve high resolution. These different points will be illustrated through several experimental results.
Expression of FXYD3 Protein in Relation to Biological and Clinicopathological Variables in Colorectal Cancers (2009)

The FXYD3 was associated with certain biological variables and may be involved in the development of the relative earlier stages of colorectal cancers.
An Approach of Reducing Overhead in Luby Transform Codes (2010)

Luby Transform (LT) codes are specific type of fountain codes, which provide a highly reliable transmission over Bit Erasure Channels (BEC). However, the overhead and time-delay would be unacceptably large under extremely bad channel conditions. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to solve this problem by modifying the encoding process of LT codes. The modifications can reduce the overhead, power consumption and time-delay dramatically. And the notable improvement of performance can be seen from the theoretical analysis and simulation results.
Guest Editorial Introduction to the Special Issue on Dynamics and Control of Micro- and Nanoscale Systems (2007)

The following topics are dealt with: control systems technology; nanoscale system; robotics; iterative control; microscale system.
Tal1 Transgenic Expression Reveals Absence of B Lymphocytes (2006)

TAL1 oncogene encodes a helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Tal1, which is required for blood cell development, and its activation is a frequent event in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Tal1 interacts and inhibits other helix-loop-helix factors such as E47 and HEB. To investigate the function of Tal1 in B cells, we generated Emu-TAL1 transgenic mouse line, expressing Tal1 in mouse B-cell lineage. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of lymphocytes isolated from spleens of five out of five founders reveals complete absence of IgM- or CD19-expressing cells. Only 2% to 3% of these cells were B220+ and 100% of B220+ cells were CD43+, indicating that these mice were able to make pro-B cells. Similarly, FACS analysis of bone marrow cells in Emu-TAL1 mice revealed complete absence of B220+IgM+ and B220+CD19+ cells. Analysis of the recombination status of IgH genes revealed the presence of D-J but absence or drastic reduction of V-D-J rearrangements. Our results suggest that Tal1 overexpression in B cells results in a phenotype similar to that of B cells of E47/E2A knockout animals. This represents first in vivo evidence that Tal1 can completely inhibit E47/E2A function.
Sports stress syndromes of the hand and wrist (1978)

Many injuries to the hand and wrist may be seen in the practice of sports medicine. Most of these injuries are well known and the details of their diagnosis and treatment are well documented. However, even among this group, certain injuries frequently escape detection or are not monitored carefully enough to detect their frequent residual complications. These injuries are particular sources of problems. Some little known diagnoses are seldom considered, but any diagnosis, even a presumptive one, is better than applying vague, descriptive, but nondefinitive terms to an athlete's injury. Although the ideal treatment is not yet available for any of these injuries, a lack of diagnosis will often mean that treatment is haphazard or nonexistent.
Heidegger's life (2011)

In the small town of Messkirch in the Black Forest region of Baden-Wurttemberg, southwest Germany, lies St Martin's, a small Catholic church. In its quiet hilltop graveyard there is a tombstone inscribed “Martin Heidegger, 1889–1976”. It is not marked with a cross, but with a star, recalling a line written by the philosopher in 1947: “To think is to confine yourself to a single thought that one day stands still like a star in the world's sky” (PLT: 4). The grave marks the final return of Heidegger, the great philosopher, to his roots.
Response of the Human Red Cell to Muscular Activity (1969)

SummaryThe concentration of 2,-3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) in the human red cell increases significantly during 60 min of vigorous muscle activity. The increase is related to the severity of the exercise. The resultant shift to the right of the oxygen dissociation curve may increase the amount of oxygen delivered to the contracting muscle cells during prolonged physical exertion.
SCHC over PPP (2020)

This document extends RFC 5172 to signal the use of SCHC as the
compression method between a pair of nodes over PPP. Combined with RFC
2516, this enables the use of SCHC over Ethernet and Wi-Fi.
Germline genetic polymorphisms influence tumor gene expression and immune cell infiltration (2018)

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an effective therapy in a variety of cancers. However, a key challenge in the field is that only a subset of patients who receive immunotherapy exhibit durable response. It has been hypothesized that host genetics influences the inherent immune profiles of patients and may underlie their differential response to immunotherapy. Herein, we systematically determined the association of common germline genetic variants with gene expression and immune cell infiltration of the tumor. We identified 64,094 expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) that associated with 18,210 genes (eGenes) across 24 human cancers. Overall, eGenes were enriched for their being involved in immune processes, suggesting that expression of immune genes can be shaped by hereditary genetic variants. We identified the endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (<i>ERAP2</i>) gene as a pan-cancer type eGene whose expression levels stratified overall survival in a subset of patients with bladder cancer receiving anti-PD-L1 (atezolizumab) therapy. Finally, we identified 103 gene signature QTLs (gsQTLs) that were associated with predicted immune cell abundance within the tumor microenvironment. Our findings highlight the impact of germline SNPs on cancer-immune phenotypes and response to therapy; and these analyses provide a resource for integration of germline genetics as a component of personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Associations of genetic variants in/near body mass index-associated genes with type 2 diabetes: a systematic meta-analysis (2020)

Genome-wide association studies have identified many obesity/body mass index (BMI)-associated loci in Europeans and East Asians. Since then, a large number of studies have investigated the role of BMI-associated loci in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the results have been inconsistent. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations of 11 obesity/BMI with T2D risk and explore how BMI influences this risk.
Video 7 from Autocrine Fibronectin Inhibits Breast Cancer Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;FN-depleted Ca1h cells (shFN30) cannot facilitate the migration of Ca1a cells (labeled in red) off of the solid support of the scaffold.&lt;/p&gt;