gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Permeability of Wild-Type and Mutant Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Chloride Channels to Polyatomic Anions (1997)

Permeability of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel to polyatomic anions of known dimensions was studied in stably transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells by using the patch clamp technique. Biionic reversal potentials measured with external polyatomic anions gave the permeability ratio (P/P) sequence NO > Cl > HCO > formate > acetate. The same selectivity sequence but somewhat higher permeability ratios were obtained when anions were tested from the cytoplasmic side. Pyruvate, propanoate, methane sulfonate, ethane sulfonate, and gluconate were not measurably permeant (P/P < 0.06) from either side of the membrane. The relationship between permeability ratios from the outside and ionic diameters suggests a minimum functional pore diameter of approximately 5.3 A. Permeability ratios also followed a lyotropic sequence, suggesting that permeability is dependent on ionic hydration energies. Site-directed mutagenesis of two adjacent threonines in TM6 to smaller, less polar alanines led to a significant (24%) increase in single channel conductance and elevated permeability to several large anions, suggesting that these residues do not strongly bind permeating anions, but may contribute to the narrowest part of the pore.
Synthesis of Prostaglandin D2Receptor Antagonist (2010)

Significance: An efficient kilogram-scale synthesis of the target prostaglandin D 2 receptor antagonist features a Friedel-Crafts cyclization of an iminopyrrole to generate the azaindole core in D. Key steps are (1) a very efficient asymmetric hydrogenation to install the single stereogenic center (G H) and (2) a mild sulfenylation using the shelfstable N-arylthiophthalimide I.
Long-Term Safety of Fully Human Anti-TNF Adalimumab in Worldwide Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Trials (2005)

Purpose: To assess the safety of adalimumab in the long-term treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in randomized controlled trials (RCT), open-label extensions (OL), and in the Phase IIIb Act (US) and ReAct (EU) trials. Methods: All patients with RA in adalimumab RCT were eligible to enroll in OL. Safety data were collected at each visit from all patients in RCT/OL/Act/ReAct and reported via routine methodology. Rates of serious adverse events (SAE) were tabulated in events per 100-patient-years (E/100PY) of exposure. Results: As of Aug. 31, 2004, 10,050 patients (12,066 PY) with long-standing RA had enrolled in adalimumab RCTs worldwide; of these, 271 had ≥5 years of adalimumab exposure. Baseline characteristics were indicative of moderate to severe RA. Rates of selected SAE observed in RCT/OL/Act/ReAct trials were comparable to rates reported as of Aug. 31, 2002 (table) and to published rates of adalimumab safety in global RA clinical trials (1). Overall, the rate of serious infections observed was comparable to rates in published reports of RA patients treated with DMARDs, including TNF antagonists (2,3). Cancer rates were similar to expected rates reported in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. The standardized mortality ratio for adalimumab-treated patients was 0.6 when compared to age-matched controls.Table: SAE Rates in RA Clinical TrialsConclusions: The adalimumab safety profile in RA clinical trials was stable over time. Rates of AE were comparable to rates in adalimumab-naïve RA populations—no new safety signals were identified. There was no apparent drug-associated mortality.
Quantifying and Predicting the Effect of Exogenous Interleukin-7 on CD4+T Cells in HIV-1 Infection (2014)

Exogenous Interleukin-7 (IL-7), in supplement to antiretroviral therapy, leads to a substantial increase of all CD4+ T cell subsets in HIV-1 infected patients. However, the quantitative contribution of the several potential mechanisms of action of IL-7 is unknown. We have performed a mathematical analysis of repeated measurements of total and naive CD4+ T cells and their Ki67 expression from HIV-1 infected patients involved in three phase I/II studies (N = 53 patients). We show that, besides a transient increase of peripheral proliferation, IL-7 exerts additional effects that play a significant role in CD4+ T cell dynamics up to 52 weeks. A decrease of the loss rate of the total CD4+ T cell is the most probable explanation. If this effect could be maintained during repeated administration of IL-7, our simulation study shows that such a strategy may allow maintaining CD4+ T cell counts above 500 cells/µL with 4 cycles or fewer over a period of two years. This in-depth analysis of clinical data revealed the potential for IL-7 to achieve sustained CD4+ T cell restoration with limited IL-7 exposure in HIV-1 infected patients with immune failure despite antiretroviral therapy.
Lwd Density Response To Bed Laminations In Horizontal And Vertical Wells (2007)

Despite the increasing prevalence of thinly bedded reservoirs, questions relating to the response of nuclear LWD tools in such fields have gone largely unanswered in the literature. Motivated by specific anomalies in well logs from a field in West Africa, response modeling of a commercial LWD density tool in a layered medium was performed to answer some of these questions. The modeling revealed that the density response was governed by different geometrical factors in vertical and horizontal wells. In a vertical well, an axial geometric factor, the scale of which was set by the source-to-detector distance, determined the response. For layers thinner than this scale, the measured density did not represent the true bed density of the individual layers. The measured density was approximately the average of the densities of the individual layers in the thinnest layers. In horizontal wells, a radial geometrical factor or, in other words, the depth of investigation governed the response. Although related to the source-to-detector distance, the scale of the radial geometrical factor was much smaller than that of the axial geometric factor. Consequently, density measurements in horizontal wells were able to resolve much thinner beds than in vertical wells. Field examples of density tool response in laminated beds supported the conclusions obtained from the modeling. Standard wireline (WL) density logs in near-vertical wells exhibited poor thin-bed resolution. Special processing to enhance the vertical resolution improved the logs in the near-vertical wells but became less effective as the borehole became more horizontal. The best thin-bed resolution was obtained from the LWD density logs in horizontal wells.
Mechatronics for computer data storage devices (2002)

This paper describes the technical challenges and the application of advanced control methodologies to meet the challenges in the design of servo systems for data storage devices such as hard disk drives (HDDs). Though an emphasis is on control applications to hard disk drives, the challenges and methodologies are broadly applicable to other precision machines. "Mechatronics" in the title emphasizes that the design of control algorithms for modern machines is not an isolated activity by control engineers in the development of products, which is indeed a synergistic integration of mechanical hardware design, sensor and actuator selections and control algorithms.
Conformational Asymmetry and Polymer-Polymer Thermodynamics (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational Asymmetry and Polymer-Polymer ThermodynamicsFrank S. Bates and Glenn H. FredricksonCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 4, 1065–1067Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00082a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00082a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1345Altmetric-Citations131LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
PMMA-Based Continuous Hemofiltration Modulated Complement Activation and Renal Dysfunction in LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury (2021)

Sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication in critically ill patients, refractory to conventional treatments. Aberrant activation of innate immune system may affect organ damage with poor prognosis for septic patients. Here, we investigated the efficacy of polymethyl methacrylate membrane (PMMA)-based continuous hemofiltration (CVVH) in modulating systemic and tissue immune activation in a swine model of LPS-induced AKI. After 3 h from LPS infusion, animals underwent to PMMA-CVVH or polysulfone (PS)-CVVH. Renal deposition of terminal complement mediator C5b-9 and of Pentraxin-3 (PTX3) deposits were evaluated on biopsies whereas systemic Complement activation was assessed by ELISA assay. Gene expression profile was performed from isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by microarrays and the results validated by Real-time PCR. Endotoxemic pigs presented oliguric AKI with increased tubulo-interstitial infiltrate, extensive collagen deposition, and glomerular thrombi; local PTX-3 and C5b-9 renal deposits and increased serum activation of classical and alternative Complement pathways were found in endotoxemic animals. PMMA-CVVH treatment significantly reduced tissue and systemic Complement activation limiting renal damage and fibrosis. By microarray analysis, we identified 711 and 913 differentially expressed genes with a fold change >2 and a false discovery rate <0.05 in endotoxemic pigs and PMMA-CVVH treated-animals, respectively. The most modulated genes were Granzyme B, Complement Factor B, Complement Component 4 Binding Protein Alpha, IL-12, and SERPINB-1 that were closely related to sepsis-induced immunological process. Our data suggest that PMMA-based CVVH can efficiently modulate immunological dysfunction in LPS-induced AKI.
Conformational restriction of Tyr and Phe side chains in opioid peptides: Information about preferred and bioactive side‐chain topology (1996)

The side chain of Tyr and Phe was fixed into the gauche(-) or gauche(+) conformation by using the Tic Htc structures, and into the trans conformation by using an aminobenzazepine-type (Aba) structure. When incorporated into dermorphin or deltorphin II, the Tic and Htc analogues all showed a large decrease in both mu and delta affinities and activities. Fixation of Phe(3) in the trans rotamer resulted in a large increase in delta affinity in the dermorphin analogue, whereas in the [Aba(3)-Gly(4)] deltorphin II analogue, good delta affinity is maintained despite the removal of the Glu side chain. Whereas several authors propose a gauche(-) preferred conformation for the Phe(3) side chain, these results suggest a trans conformation at the delta receptor. The use of these conformationally constrained residues for evaluating the preferred solution conformation in the flexible N-terminal tripeptide Tyr-D-Ala-Phe is illustrated. The (1)H-nmr parameters--chemical shift, temperature dependence, and nuclear Overhauser effects to the D-Ala(2) methyl protons in the different analogues--provide direct evidence to confirm the proposed sandwich conformation in the native peptides.
Topological electromagnetic waves in dispersive and lossy plasma crystals (2023)

Topological photonic crystals, which offer topologically protected and back-scattering-immune transport channels, have recently gained significant attention for both scientific and practical reasons. Although most current studies focus on dielectric materials with weak dispersions, this study focuses on topological phases in dispersive materials and presents a numerical study of Chern insulators in gaseous-phase plasma cylinder cells. We develop a numerical framework to address the complex material dispersion arising from the plasma medium and external magnetic fields and identify Chern insulator phases that are experimentally achievable. Using this numerical tool, we also explain the flat bands commonly observed in periodic plasmonic structures, via local resonances, and how edge states change as the edge termination is periodically modified. This work opens up opportunities for exploring band topology in new materials with non-trivial dispersions and has potential RF applications, ranging from plasma-based lighting to plasma propulsion engines.
Data from Transforming Growth Factor β Subverts the Immune System into Directly Promoting Tumor Growth through Interleukin-17 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Overexpression of the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) is one strategy that tumors have developed to evade effective immunesurveillance. Using transplantable models of breast and colon cancer, we made the unexpected finding that CD8+ cells in tumor-bearing animals can directly promote tumorigenesis, by a mechanism that is dependent on TGF-β. We showed that CD8+ splenocytes from tumor-bearing mice expressed elevated interleukin (IL)-17 when compared with naive mice, and that CD8+ T cells could be induced to make IL-17 on addition of TGF-β and IL-6 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Treatment of mice with anti–TGF-β antibodies &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; reduced IL-17 expression both in the tumor and the locoregional lymph nodes. Although IL-17 has not previously been shown to act as a survival factor for epithelial cells, we found that IL-17 suppressed apoptosis of several tumor cell lines &lt;i&gt;in vitro,&lt;/i&gt; suggesting that this altered T-cell polarization has the potential to promote tumorigenesis directly, rather than indirectly through inflammatory sequelae. Consistent with this hypothesis, knockdown of the IL-17 receptor in 4T1 mouse mammary cancer cells enhanced apoptosis and decreased tumor growth &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Thus, in addition to suppressing immune surveillance, tumor-induced TGF-β may actively subvert the CD8+ arm of the immune system into directly promoting tumor growth by an IL-17–dependent mechanism. [Cancer Res 2008;68(10):3915–23]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Sequential Dihydrogen Desorption from Hydride-Protected Atomically Precise Silver Clusters and the Formation of Naked Clusters in the Gas Phase (2017)

We report the formation of naked cluster ions of silver of specific nuclearities, uncontaminated by other cluster ions, derived from monolayer-protected clusters. The hydride and phosphine co-protected cluster, [Ag<sub>18</sub>(TPP)<sub>10</sub>H<sub>16</sub>]<sup>2+</sup> (TPP, triphenylphosphine), upon activation produces the naked cluster ion, Ag<sub>17</sub><sup>+</sup>, exclusively. The number of metal atoms present in the naked cluster is almost the same as that in the parent material. Two more naked cluster ions, Ag<sub>21</sub><sup>+</sup> and Ag<sub>19</sub><sup>+</sup>, were also formed starting from two other protected clusters, [Ag<sub>25</sub>(DPPE)<sub>8</sub>H<sub>22</sub>]<sup>3+</sup> and [Ag<sub>22</sub>(DPPE)<sub>8</sub>H<sub>19</sub>]<sup>3+</sup>, respectively (DPPE, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane). By systematic fragmentation, naked clusters of varying nuclei are produced from Ag<sub>17</sub><sup>+</sup> to Ag<sub>1</sub><sup>+</sup> selectively, with systematic absence of Ag<sub>10</sub><sup>+</sup>, Ag<sub>6</sub><sup>+</sup>, and Ag<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. A seemingly odd number of cluster ions are preferred due to the stability of the closed electronic shells. Sequential desorption of dihydrogen occurs from the cluster ion, Ag<sub>17</sub>H<sub>14</sub><sup>+</sup>, during the formation of Ag<sub>n</sub><sup>+</sup>. A comparison of the pathways in the formation of similar naked cluster ions starting from two differently ligated clusters has been presented. This approach developed bridges the usually distinct fields of gas-phase metal cluster chemistry and solution-phase metal cluster chemistry. We hope that our findings will enrich nanoscience and nanotechnology beyond the field of clusters.
Abstract: An Economic Analysis of Financial Barriers to Access Comprehensive Gender Confirmation Surgery (2018)

With the increase in insurance coverage and social acceptance in the USA there has been an increase is transgender patients seeking gender confirming procedures from plastic surgeons. The purpose of this study is to compare the estimated cost for genital reconstruction with vaginoplasty vs. phalloplasty in the transgender patient. Given the drastic differences in these procedures we primarily hypothesize that the cost of female to male transformation will be significantly higher when compared to male to female transformation due to the complexity of neophallus creation, and extended hospital stay due to free flap. The aim of this study is to review available cost estimates publically available and at our institution for cost analysis. A comprehensive literature search of PUBMED for associated cost of vaginoplasty and phalloplasty in the transgender patients was conducted as well as Internet browser search for any private practice surgical pricing. Our academic professional fees were readily available from the billing department. Facility fees were estimated based on average lengths of gender conformation surgeries and duration of convalescence. One surgery center was found to have posted pricing for vaginoplasty and phalloplasty on their website which was included in analysis. When comparing genital reconstruction total estimated cost in the transgender community, neophallus formation costs more than neovagina formation with a difference of $17,152.00 (35.4%increase) at our institution and mirrored in the private practice surgery center with a difference of $1,500.00 (7.6% increase). This discrepancy in cost may lead to financial barriers to access comprehensive gender affirming surgery.
Maternal transplantation of human umbilical cord blood cells provides prenatal therapy in Sanfilippo type B mouse model (2006)

Numerous data support passage of maternal cells into the fetus during pregnancy in both human and animal models. However, functional benefits of maternal microchimerism in utero are unknown. The current study attempted to take advantage of this route for prenatal delivery of alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Naglu) enzyme into the enzyme-deficient mouse model of Sanfilippo syndrome type B (MPS III B). Enzymatically sufficient mononuclear cells from human umbilical cord blood (MNC hUCB) were intravenously administered into heterozygote females modeling MPS III B on the 5th day of pregnancy during blastocyst implantation. The major findings were 1) administered MNC hUCB cells transmigrated and diffused into the embryos (E12.5); 2) some transmigrated cells expressed CD34 and CD117 antigens; 3) transmigrated cells were found in both the maternal and embryonic parts of placentas; 4) transmigrated cells corrected Naglu enzyme activity in all embryos; 5) administered MNC hUCB cells were extensively distributed in the organs and the blood of heterozygote mothers at one week after transplantation. Results indicate that prenatal delivery of Naglu enzyme by MNC hUCB cell administration into mothers of enzyme-deficient embryos is possible and may present a significant opportunity for new biotechnologies to treat many inherited disorders.
Addition of arylchlorocarbenes to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated esters. Absolute rates, substituent effects, and variable reactivities (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of arylchlorocarbenes to .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated esters. Absolute rates, substituent effects, and variable reactivitiesN. Soundararajan, Matthew S. Platz, James E. Jackson, Michael P. Doyle, Su Min. Oon, Michael T. H. Liu, and Surinder M. AnandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 21, 7143–7152Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00229a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00229a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
N‐Heterocyclic‐Carbene‐Catalyzed Regioselective Oxidative Ring‐Opening of Epoxides with Aromatic Aldehydes: A Facile Entry to α‐Acyloxyketones (2015)

Abstract A high‐yielding synthesis of α‐acyloxyketones using a N‐heterocyclic‐carbene (NHC)‐catalyzed, oxidative ring‐opening of epoxides with aromatic aldehydes is described. This regioselective, oxidative process utilizes a N ‐bromosuccinimide (NBS)/DMSO combination as the oxidant system and Et 3 N as the base under mild reaction conditions.
(Invited) Passive Eccrine Sweat Analysis Technologies; A New Paradigm in Sweat Analytics (2020)

Wearable electronic monitors hold great promise in helping people to reach their health goals. These increasingly sophisticated devices help the wearers improve their wellness by constantly monitoring their activities and bodily responses. While consumer wearables that are non–sweat based have been useful for monitoring body vital parameters. However, solutions leveraging human sweat are still in the early stages of development. Wearable devices hold the potential to transform some industries most importantly the health care industry. Wearable sweat based diagnostic biosensors for the detection and monitoring of analytes in transdermal sweat present an intriguing pathway toward improving user health outcomes in an inexpensive and noninvasive manner. Transdermal biosensors have become a more viable option in recent years, due in large part to the miniaturization of conventional sensing mechanisms. Current minimally invasive strategies demonstrate encouraging results in the monitoring of select biomarkers in peripheral blood and interstitial fluid, but these devices are still minimally invasive as they puncture the skin. Current transdermal sweat biosensors require relatively large volumes in a localized region and count on chemically-induced sweating to attain sufficient sample volume. Thus, there exists a challenge in designing wearable sweat-based sensors that can report and quantify biomarkers of interest from low volumes of human sweat in a completely non-invasive yet still cost-effective manner. In this talk I will present some non-invasive sweat sensing technologies that detect and quantify biomarkers in human sweat.