gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intellectual efficiency in manic‐depressive patients treated with lithium (1981)

A longitudinal study of 21 non‐hospitalized manic‐depressive subjects treated with lithium was carried out over a 3‐year period: year 1 (Y1), year 2 (Y2), year 3 (Y3). A control group C of 21 subjects matched for age, sex and educational level was compared to Y1, Y2 and Y3 using the Cattell Intelligence Scale, the immediate memory recall test of numbers, the Code Test (WAIS), the 15‐Word Test and the Benton Visual Retention Test. The vocabulary test of Binois and Pichot was first applied to C and Y1 to test the homogeneity of intellectual level between these two groups. A strategy of variance analysis followed by non‐parametric Mann‐Whitney and Wilcoxon tests was applied for statistical analysis of the results. Generally, except for the Cattell test, the patients presented lower scores than the control group. This decrease was not accentuated as time elapsed; the non‐verbal were not affected more than the verbal tests. A clinical analysis was carried out relating the importance of the criteria “deterioration” to four other criteria: “age”, “gravity and duration of illness”, “history of E.C.T.” and “insufficient mood stabilization”. The factor “gravity of the illness” was slightly more frequently associated with factor deterioration.
Cytotoxic Activity of Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ITF2357 on Burkitt’s Lymphoma Cell Lines Is Associated to Micro-RNA Modulation and Transglutaminase 2 Restoration. (2008)

Abstract Background and Objectives: The significant toxicities associated with current treatments of Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL) have fostered the identification of novel targets for effective but less toxic therapies. c-myc overexpression is the hallmark of BL; however it is per se insufficient to cause lymphoma development. Recent studies indicating aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in BL have raised the possibility of a c-myc - miRNA interaction within the genesis and the maintenance of the lymphoma phenotype. Myc oncoproteins indeed have been found to inhibit the transcription of tumor suppressor genes. This occurs for instance by recruiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 proteins to target genes, including tissue transglutaminase 2 (TG2), a multifunctional protein that promotes apoptosis and differentiation in normal tissues. Since inhibitors of the epigenetic regulator HDACs are revealing very effective as anticancer agents, we evaluated ITF2357, a new hydroxamate inhibitor of HDAC, with respect to its ability to induce proliferative arrest and apoptosis in BL cell lines by modulating c-myc mRNA, miRNAs and TG2 expression. Methods and Results: Cell growth inhibition by ITF2357 was determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay in the BL cell lines Namalwa and Raji. ITF2357 IC50 was 200nM after 48h exposure. Most treated Namalwa and Raji cells became respectively late and early apoptotic as assessed by annexin V and propidium iodide staining. Accordingly, ITF235 induced SUBG1 peak formation in Namalwa cells and G1 arrest in Raji cells. Repeated addition of ITF2357 at 24h-intervals enhanced these effects. Array analyses and quantitative real-time PCR of miRNAs indicated a significant decrease in the expression of miR-155 and miR-98, which exert oncogenic activity in MYC-associated tumors, at 24–72 h after treatment. Conversely, the Let-7a miRNA, which targets the c-MYC mRNA stabilizer IMP-1 among its tumor suppressive functions, was up regulated peaking at 24h after drug administration. Finally, immunohistochemical analysis of TG2 expression in ITF2357-treated Raji cells revealed a diffuse cytoplasmic staining, whereas in their untreated counterparts TG2 was sporadically and faintly detectable. Despite ITF2357 restored the expression of different targets of myc, quantitative real-time PCR revealed no parallel decrease in c-myc mRNA suggesting that the epigenetic modulation provided by ITF2357 on BL cell lines did not directly affect myc expression level. Conclusion: Our data indicate potent cytotoxic and growth inhibitory activities of ITF2357 on BL cell lines. These effects might be related to the modulation of both oncogenic and tumor-suppressing miRNAs and to the restoration of the tumor suppressor TG2. Further evidences for the potential candidacy of ITF2357 as a therapeutic agent for BL awaits ongoing analyses in BL primary tumors and in animal models.
High temperature resistance of small diameter, metallic single-walled carbon nanotube devices (2008)

The effects of high temperature cycling on the resistance of metallic single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) devices is measured in situ. Individual, small-diameter SWCNTs contacted by palladium or titanium electrodes were measured from room temperature up to 1000K in ultrahigh vacuum. Upon the first thermal cycling, the device resistances fluctuate and generally decrease. Pd-contacted devices typically become stable by 450K, whereas Ti-contacted devices require higher treatments above 600K. Once these temperatures have been exceeded, subsequent thermal cycling has minimal effects. Heat-treated devices exhibit linear temperature dependences, with Pd and Ti contacts producing average temperature coefficients of −3×10−4∕K and 1.1×10−3∕K, respectively.
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Caused by Bartonella henselae: A Case Report of Molecular Diagnostics Informing Nonsurgical Management (2016)

Identifying the pathogen responsible for culture-negative valve endocarditis often depends on molecular studies performed on surgical specimens. A patient with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome who had an aortic graft, a mechanical aortic valve, and a mitral anulloplasty ring presented with culture-negative prosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic graft infection. Research-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry on peripheral blood samples identified <i>Bartonella henselae</i>. Quantitative PCR targeting the16S-23S ribonucleic acid intergenic region and Western immunoblotting confirmed this result. This, in turn, permitted early initiation of pathogen-directed therapy and subsequent successful medical management of <i>B henselae</i> prosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic graft infection.
The effects of image degradation on ultrasound-guided HIFU (2010)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) has recently found a wide range of applications. In the case of ultrasound-guided HIFU, clutter and phase-aberration can degrade the image quality such that visualization of the target can be significantly diminished. In this case the quality of the HIFU intensity deposition can be unknown. We modeled an 8 cm, 1.5 MHz HIFU array and a 6 cm, 2.5 MHz imaging array with propagation of acoustic waves through a histological characterization of the human abdominal layer using a nonlinear, full-wave simulation method. Modifications were made to the simulated medium in order to assess the impact of the individual image degradation mechanisms on intensity. For small targets (5 mm diameter lesions), the addition of a 3 cm thick abdominal layer completely obscured the imaging target positioned at 5 cm depth, however, the deposition of HIFU intensity was not significantly degraded. An average elongation of 0.5 mm of the intensity distribution was produced with the abdominal layer, and the location of the peak focal intensity moved approximately 0.03 mm laterally and 0.9 mm axially. The average peak focal intensity dropped 0.6 dB compared to the homogeneous tissue case, despite the presence of strong phase aberration and reverberation clutter. The intensity distribution returned nearly to normal when the phase aberration effects were removed and remained relatively unchanged when reverberation clutter was removed.
Nrf2 Activation as a Protective Feedback to Limit Cell Death in High Glucose‐Exposed Cardiomyocytes (2016)

Hyperglycemia leads to excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which causes many diabetic complications, such as cardiomyopathy. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), a redox-sensing transcription factor, can up-regulate its downstream antioxidant gene expressions in response to oxidative stress. However, the regulatory signal pathway in which high glucose (HG) induces Nrf2 activation is still unclear. Our results demonstrated that HG (33 mM) can indeed stimulate Nrf2 protein expression and translocation into the nucleus in cardiomyocytes, enhancing the downstream antioxidant protein levels. Using siRNAs, p38, JNK, PKCα, and PKCδ, as well as ROS scavengers, it was observed that the dependence of PKCα/PKCδ on ROS production to enhance JNK and p38 phosphorylation mediated HG-induced cardiac Nrf2 expression and activation. Knockdown of Nrf2 by siRNA transfection increased cleaved-caspase3, reduced Bcl2 in the cellular protein level and further exacerbated HG-induced apoptosis. In addition, all of these proteins induced by HG in vitro were also increased in STZ-induced diabetic rat ventricles in vivo. Our study demonstrated that HG-induced cardiac Nrf2 activation occurs through PKCα/PKCδ-ROS-JNK/p38 signaling. These findings may provide a therapeutic target to counteract the oxidative stress associated with diabetic cardiomyopathy. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 1659-1669, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Old and New Techniques for Artificial Stereophonic Image Enhancement (1996)

manuscript,withoutediting,correctionsor considerationby the ReviewBoard. TheAES takesno responsibilityforthe contents. Additionalpreprintsmay be obtainedby sendingrequestand remittanceto theAudioEngineeringSociety,60 East42nd St., New York,New York10165-2520, USA. All rightsreserved.Reproductionof thispreprint,oranyportion thereof,is not permitted withoutdirectpermissionfromthe Journalof the AudioEngineeringSociety. AN AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY PREPRINT
2D Magnetic Sensor Array for Real-time Cell Tracking and Multi-site Detection with Increased Robustness and Flow-rate (2019)

In this article, we present a 2D oscillator array-based magnetic sensor CMOS IC for flow cytometry. The CMOS IC packaged with a microfluidic channel eliminates the need for hydro-focusing by allowing uninhibited flow over the 2D chip surface. The chip exploits multi-site detection capability allowing simultaneously high flow rate for trace cell detection, reduced false positives, and real-time cell tracking. We demonstrate these functionalities with a 7 × 7 array in 65-nm CMOS with lymphoma cancer cells.
Zero-Multiplier Sparse DNN Equalization for Fiber-Optic QAM Systems with Probabilistic Amplitude Shaping (2021)

We propose a multiplier-less deep neural network (DNN) to mitigate fiber-nonlinear distortion of shaped constellations. Our DNN achieves an excellent performance-complexity trade-off with progressive lottery ticket hypothesis (LHT) weight pruning and additive powers-of-two (APoT) quantization.
SPECT/microSPECT Imaging (2007)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and microSPECT are valuable tools for molecular imaging in cardiovascular applications. This chapter summarizes the approaches used at Center for Gamma-ray Imaging and other laboratories, describes several representative small-animal SPECT systems, and demonstrates their applicability to cardiovascular molecular imaging. The performance of the ideal observer is invariant to the algorithm, virtually by definition, unless the algorithm removes information. Performance of a human observer is influenced by the algorithm, which serves to match the raw data to the characteristics of the human visual and cognitive system, but the effect is usually small. Temporal resolution is needed for many clinical imaging applications, but none more so than cardiac imaging. Performance on almost any clinical or biomedical task is improved by higher spatial resolution. The ideal heart imager would have a frame time short compared to the duration of a cardiac cycle and provide a snapshot three-dimensional image for each frame.
Recent progress at MIT on THz gyrotron oscillators for DNP/NMR (2011)

Signal-to-noise is a key ingredient in successful NMR experiments, a fact that has stimulated the development of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). In solid state magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR experiments, we have observed signal enhancements of 50-400 at 140 and 250 GHz operating frequencies, depending on a variety of experimental conditions. These experiments are possible because of the development of gyrotrons for generating the high frequency microwaves needed for DNP/NMR. We report progress in the development of tunable gyrotrons at 330 and 460 GHz for DNP/NMR spectroscopy. The successful recent demonstration of DNP/NMR enhancements using the 460 GHz gyrotron with a 700 MHz NMR spectrometer makes it the highest frequency DNP/NMR system currently in operation worldwide. A 527 GHz gyrotron is now under development for application in an 800 MHz NMR system. We present an overview of the systems and related THz technologies developed at MIT for DNP/NMR spectroscopy.
Development of concurrent process oriented language COL. (1985)

本論文は, ロボット制御システムにおける並行プロセス指向言語COLおよび仮想マシン (COLマシン) のインプリメントに関するものである.これまでに独立に開発された個々の機能を統合して高度な機能をもつシステムロボットを構成する場合, ただ単にハードウエアを結合しただけでは不十分で, 各機能の制御ソフトウエアをも有機的に結合しなければならない.このとき各機能の制御ソフトウエアを並行して実行されるプロセス (並行プロセス) として記述できれば簡潔明瞭なプログラムになることが多い.このようなソフトウエアを既存のプログラミング言語を用いて記述しようとすると, 並行プロセスの記述能力が低いため, 各機能の制御プログラムとプロセスのスケジューリング・ソフトとを同じプログラム中に混在させてしまうことになる.このため, プログラムの作成や, 時間に依存する誤りのデバッグに多大な時間を浪費することが多い.これに対しCOLは並行プロセスの記述能力を強化した言語であり, 次の各機能を有する: (1) 並行プロセス処理能力, (2) イベント処理能力, (3) 優先度処理能力, (4) 共有変数処理能力, (5) 実時間処理能力, (6) 入出力処理機能, (7) 割込み処理機能, (8) プロセスの状態制御機能.COLの処理系は次の2つの部分からなる.P-codeを生成するコンパイラ部分とP-codeを実行するインタプリタ部分である.COLを用いてマニピュレータの指先に実装したタッチセンサの管理, 座標変換, 軌道の計画, フィードバック機能等を記述した.そして, 実際にCOLマシンでマニピュレータを制御した.さらに, COLマシンの性能解析を行った.COLはただ単にロボット制御用言語ではなく, COLを用いることによってランタイム・システムを含むロボット制御システム全体を記述することが可能である.また, このシステムでは新たに開発される様々な機能を容易にシステムに取り込むことが可能である.
Detection and Correspondence Matching of Corneal Reflections for Eye Tracking Using Deep Learning (2021)

Eye tracking systems that estimate the point-of-gaze are essential in extended reality (XR) systems as they enable new interaction paradigms and technological improvements. It is important for these systems to maintain accuracy when the headset moves relative to the head (known as device slippage) due to head movements or user adjustment. One of the most accurate eye tracking techniques, which is also insensitive to shifts of the system relative to the head, uses two or more infrared (IR) light emitting diodes to illuminate the eye and an IR camera to capture images of the eye. An essential step in estimating the point-of-gaze in these systems is the precise determination of the location of two or more corneal reflections (virtual images of the IR-LEDs that illuminate the eye) in images of the eye. Eye trackers tend to have multiple light sources to ensure at least one pair of reflections for each gaze position. The use of multiple light sources introduces a difficult problem: the need to match the corneal reflections with the corresponding light source over the range of expected eye movements. Corneal reflection detection and matching often fail in XR systems due to the proximity of camera and steep illumination angles of light sources with respect to the eye. The failures are caused by corneal reflections having varying shape and intensity levels or disappearance due to rotation of the eye, or the presence of spurious reflections. We have developed a fully convolutional neural network, based on the UNET architecture, that solves the detection and matching problem in the presence of spurious and missing reflections. Eye images of 25 people were collected in a virtual reality headset using a binocular eye tracking module consisting of five infrared light sources per eye. A set of 4,000 eye images were manually labelled for each of the corneal reflections, and data augmentation was used to generate a dataset of 40,000 images. The network is able to correctly identify and match 91% of corneal reflections present in the test set. This is comparable to a state-of-the-art deep learning system, but our approach requires 33 times less memory and executes 10 times faster. The proposed algorithm, when used in an eye tracker in a VR system, achieved an average mean absolute gaze error of 1°. This is a significant improvement over the state-of-the-art learning-based XR eye tracking systems that have reported gaze errors of 2-3°.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of XeF+ 5MF‐ 4 (M: Ag, Au) and Their Relevance to the Basicity and Oxidizability of MF‐ 4. (1989)

Abstract The Au analogue (III) of XeF 5 + AgF4 ‐ is synthesized for the first time as shown in the scheme (yield not given).
Characterization of defects in 9.7% efficient Cu2ZnSnSe4-CdS-ZnO solar cells (2013)

We have fabricated Cu2ZnSnSe4-CdS-ZnO solar cells with a total area efficiency of 9.7%. The absorber layer was fabricated by selenization of sputtered Cu10Sn90, Zn, and Cu multilayers. A large ideality factor of the order of 3 is observed in both illuminated and dark IV-curves, which seems to point in the direction of complex recombination mechanisms such as recombination through fluctuating potentials in the conduction and valence bands of the solar cell structure. A potential barrier of about 135 meV in the device seems to be responsible for an exponential increase of the series resistance at low temperatures, but at room temperature, the effect of this barrier remains relatively small. The free carrier density in the absorber is of the order of 1015 cm−3 and does not vary much as the temperature is decreased.
Modeling of fading figure for non-stationary indoor radio channels (2016)

Fading models of practical mobile radio channel may change over time and/or due to mobility being Rice, Rayleigh, double-Rayleigh, etc, depending on the nature of radio wave propagation, which results in a non-stationary channel. This work is based on investigation of fading figure (FF) that addresses non-stationarity nature of radio channels. The FF is represented by the parameter m of Nakagami-m distribution. For an indoor environment system, our results show the parameter m, which can be modeled as a generalized extreme value distribution. The statistical distribution model of parameter m can be used to study performance of wireless communication system under non-stationary radio channels.
Insulator investigation on SiC for improved reliability (1999)

Significant improved high-temperature reliability of SiC metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices has been achieved with both thermally grown oxides and by using a stacked dielectric consisting of silicon oxide-nitride-oxide (ONO). Capacitors of p-type 6H-SiC, n-type 6H-SiC and n-type 4H-SiC were fabricated with a variety of insulators. The best performance was accomplished only with insulators incorporating silicon dioxide. A new thermal oxidation process of growing a dry oxide then following with a wet re-oxidation anneal produces an oxide with the dielectric strength of a dry oxide and the high-quality interface of a wet oxide. MIS field effect transistors (MISFETs) with an ONO gate insulator had surface channel mobilities similar to MISFETs with thermal gate oxides, and demonstrated a lifetime of 10 days at 335/spl deg/C and 15 V bias. The lifetime of the ONO MISFET was a factor of 100 higher than for devices fabricated with deposited oxides, which had been the prior state of the art for high-temperature MISFETs on SiC.
Molecular analysis of human anti-factor VIII antibodies by V gene phage display identifies a new epitope in the acidic region following the A2 domain (2000)

One of the major binding sites for factor VIII inhibitors is located within the A2 domain. In this study, phage display technology was used to isolate 2 human monoclonal antibodies, termed VK34 and VK41, directed toward the heavy chain of factor VIII. The V(H) domain of a single-chain variable domain antibody fragment (scFv) VK34 is encoded by germline gene segment DP-10. Epitope-mapping studies revealed that scFv VK34 is directed against amino acid residues Arg(484)-Ile(508), a previously identified binding site for factor VIII inhibitors in the A2 domain. ScFv VK34 inhibited factor VIII activity with a titer of 280 BU/mg. The V(H) domain of VK41 was encoded by germline gene segment DP-47. A phage corresponding to VK41 competed with a monoclonal antibody for binding to amino acid residues Asp(712)-Ala(736) in the acidic region adjacent to the A2 domain. Reactivity of VK41 with a factor VIII variant in which we replaced amino acid residues Asp(712)-Ala(736) for the corresponding region of heparin cofactor II was strongly reduced. In addition, substitution of Tyr(718719723) for Phe abrogated binding of VK41 to factor VIII. ScFv VK41 did not inhibit factor VIII activity. This study not only defines the primary structure of human anti-factor VIII antibodies reactive with the A2 domain, it also describes an antibody with an epitope not previously identified in the antibody repertoire of hemophilia patients with an inhibitor. (Blood. 2000;96:540-545)
한외여과막 반응기를 이용한 어피젤라틴의 연속적 가수분해 (1991)

A continuous stirred tank membrane reactor(CSTMR ) was developed and optimized for the production of cod skin gelatin hydrolyzates using endo-protease Alcalase. A experimental design methodology was used to optimize the four performance variables: enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, permeate flux and reactor volume. All four variables studied had an effect on substrate conversion, with enzyme and substrate concentrations being predominant. Conversion increased with the increase in enzyme concentration, with the decrease in substrate concentration, at high volumes and low flux. A strong interaction was observed between enzyme and substrate concentrations and smaller interactions between enzyme and flux and substrate and flux. The optimum operating conditions for the CSTMR process for an initial substrate concentration for 10% were , pH 8, flux 7.3ml/min, residence time 82 min, and Alcalase to substrate ratio 0.02(w/w). A gradual decay in reactor activity during 8 hrs was 2.1% conversion/hr. Enzyme leakage through the 10, 000 MWCO membrane was 16% at and 12% at , 6hrs. However, there was no apparent correlation between enayme leakage and substrate conversion. The Km value for the CSTMR was 20 times higher than the batch reactor. The productivity(expressed as mg product/mg enzyme) of the CSTMR was more than six fold higher than the batch at . The hydrolyzate was non-bitter.
Homoepitaxial Growth of 4H-SiC Using CH<sub>3</sub>Cl Carbon Precursor (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.