gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling of Quantization Effects in Digitally Controlled DC–DC Converters (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In digitally controlled dc–dc converters with a single voltage feedback loop, the two quantizers, namely the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter and the digital pulse-width modulator (DPWM), can cause undesirable limit-cycle oscillations. In this paper, static and dynamic models that include the quantization effects are derived and used to explain the origins of limit-cycle oscillations. In the static model, existence of dc solution, which is a necessary no-limit-cycle condition, is examined using a graphical method. Based on the generalized describing function method, the amplitude and offset-dependent gain model of a quantizer is applied to derive the dynamic system model. From the static and dynamic models, no-limit-cycle conditions associated with A/D, DPWM and compensator design criteria are derived. The conclusions are illustrated by simulation and experimental examples. </para>
Sequential Double Robustness in Right-Censored Longitudinal Models (2017)

Consider estimating the G-formula for the counterfactual mean outcome under a given treatment regime in a longitudinal study. Bang and Robins provided an estimator for this quantity that relies on a sequential regression formulation of this parameter. This approach is doubly robust in that it is consistent if either the outcome regressions or the treatment mechanisms are consistently estimated. We define a stronger notion of double robustness, termed sequential double robustness, for estimators of the longitudinal G-formula. The definition emerges naturally from a more general definition of sequential double robustness for the outcome regression estimators. An outcome regression estimator is sequentially doubly robust (SDR) if, at each subsequent time point, either the outcome regression or the treatment mechanism is consistently estimated. This form of robustness is exactly what one would anticipate is attainable by studying the remainder term of a first-order expansion of the G-formula parameter. We show that a particular implementation of an existing procedure is SDR. We also introduce a novel SDR estimator, whose development involves a novel translation of ideas used in targeted minimum loss-based estimation to the infinite-dimensional setting.
Intramolecular carbametalations. A [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition as evidence for a palladacyclopentene intermediate (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular carbametalations. A [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition as evidence for a palladacyclopentene intermediateBarry M. Trost and Gerald J. TanouryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 15, 4753–4755Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00249a067https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00249a067research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views789Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Septic Acute Kidney Injury in Critically Ill Patients (2007)

Sepsis is the most common cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critical illness, but there is limited information on septic AKI. A prospective, observational study of critically ill patients with septic and nonseptic AKI was performed from September 2000 to December 2001 at 54 hospitals in 23 countries. A total of 1753 patients were enrolled. Sepsis was considered the cause in 833 (47.5%); the predominant sources of sepsis were chest and abdominal (54.3%). Septic AKI was associated with greater aberrations in hemodynamics and laboratory parameters, greater severity of illness, and higher need for mechanical ventilation and vasoactive therapy. There was no difference in enrollment kidney function or in the proportion who received renal replacement therapy (RRT; 72 versus 71%; P = 0.83). Oliguria was more common in septic AKI (67 versus 57%; P < 0.001). Septic AKI had a higher in-hospital case-fatality rate compared with nonseptic AKI (70.2 versus 51.8%; P < 0.001). After adjustment for covariates, septic AKI remained associated with higher odds for death (1.48; 95% confidence interval 1.17 to 1.89; P = 0.001). Median (IQR) duration of hospital stay for survivors (37 [19 to 59] versus 21 [12 to 42] d; P < 0.0001) was longer for septic AKI. There was a trend to lower serum creatinine (106 [73 to 158] versus 121 [88 to 184] mumol/L; P = 0.01) and RRT dependence (9 versus 14%; P = 0.052) at hospital discharge for septic AKI. Patients with septic AKI were sicker and had a higher burden of illness and greater abnormalities in acute physiology. Patients with septic AKI had an increased risk for death and longer duration of hospitalization yet showed trends toward greater renal recovery and independence from RRT.
Series Connection of Snubberless IGBTs for 6.6kV Transformerless Converters (2008)

We developed a 6.6-kV 1-MVA transformerless converter making use of a snubberless insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) 8-series connection using an Active-Gate-Control. The Active-Gate-Control can balance the collector voltage of IGBTs connected in series enabling the IGBT series connection. It allows the converter to output a high enough AC voltage to directly connect to 6.6-kV distribution lines. Therefore, the converter does not need a step-up and step-down transformer, and is extremely small and compact.
On Closed Form Expressions for the Singular-Value Decomposition of an Orientational Jacobian and Its Application to a Motion Simulator (1999)

This article presents some results on the closed-form, singular-value decomposition of the orientational Jacobian for threeand four-degreeof-freedom wristlike mechanisms. These results are used to study the kinematics of a centrifuge simulator and to determine the centrifuge s limitations in achieving maximum angular velocities. Also, the issue of fault tolerance for a redundant wrist is addressed.
Piezoelectric BaTiO3Thin Film Nanogenerator on Plastic Substrates (2010)

The piezoelectric generation of perovskite BaTiO3 thin films on a flexible substrate has been applied to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy for the first time. Ferroelectric BaTiO3 thin films were deposited by radio frequency magnetron sputtering on a Pt/Ti/SiO2/(100) Si substrate and poled under an electric field of 100 kV/cm. The metal-insulator (BaTiO3)-metal-structured ribbons were successfully transferred onto a flexible substrate and connected by interdigitated electrodes. When periodically deformed by a bending stage, a flexible BaTiO3 nanogenerator can generate an output voltage of up to 1.0 V. The fabricated nanogenerator produced an output current density of 0.19 μA/cm(2) and a power density of ∼7 mW/cm(3). The results show that a nanogenerator can be used to power flexible displays by means of mechanical agitations for future touchable display technologies.
The synthesis of aminimide‐containing azole antifungals (1998)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of azole antifungal compounds which incorporate the aminimide functional moiety is described. The procedure involves the reaction of an epoxide intermediate with 1,1‐disubstituted hydrazines to form aminimines which are subsequently treated with acyl chlorides resulting in the desired zwitterionic aminimides. The aminimides were tested for in vitro antifungal activity and found to be moderately active against Candida and Cryptococcus species, but inactive versus Aspergillus .
Data from Molecular Drivers of the Non–T-cell-Inflamed Tumor Microenvironment in Urothelial Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Muscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancer is a common malignancy with poor outcomes for which immune checkpoint blockade is now showing promise. Despite clinical activity of PD-1/PD-L1–targeted therapy in this disease, most patients do not benefit and resistance mechanisms remain unknown. The non–T-cell-inflamed tumor microenvironment correlates with poor prognosis and resistance to immunotherapies. In this study, we determined tumor-oncogenic pathways correlating with T-cell exclusion. We first establish in this report that T-cell–inflamed bladder tumors can be identified by immune gene expression profiling with concordance with CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltration. Upregulation of genes encoding immune checkpoint proteins PD-L1, IDO, FOXP3, TIM3, and LAG3 was associated with T-cell–inflamed tumors, suggesting potential for sensitivity to checkpoint blockade. β-Catenin, PPAR-γ, and FGFR3 pathways were activated in non–T-cell-inflamed tumors. No difference was seen in overall somatic mutational density between groups. The three pathways identified represent targetable potential pathways of tumor-intrinsic immunotherapy resistance. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 4(7); 563–8. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Consequences of Cooperativity in Racemizing Supramolecular Systems (2012)

Auxiliar mit Befehlsgewalt: Das kooperativ helicale Aggregate bildende Phg-BTA (siehe Schema) zeigt in Gegenwart von Basen ein beispielloses Racemisierungsverhalten. Unter thermodynamischer Kontrolle resultiert der Zusatz geringer Mengen eines chiralen Auxiliars zur Mischung in einer Deracemisierung, die schließlich einen Enantiomerenüberschuss von 32 % erreicht. Die Ergebnisse werden mithilfe eines theoretischen Modells erklärt. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Methods for Bridgehead Radical Formation. Preparation of an Intermediate for the Synthesis of Gibberellins (1995)

The combination of zinc and triethylamine with a catalytic amount of vitamin B12 permits the formation of bridgehead radicals in excellent yield. The reaction of 3 and diethyl fumarate affords 10 which yields 11 upon base-induced cyclization.
Illuminant invariance at a single pixel (2000)

This paper addresses the question of what can be said about the colors in images that is independent of illumination. We make two main assumptions: Firstly, the illumination can be characterized as Planckian (a realistic assumption for most real scenes). Secondly, the camera behaves as if it were equipped with narrow band sensors (true for a large number of cameras). An alternative set of assumptions (with broad-band sensors) leading to the same invariant expression is also presented to show the robustness of the invariant. The resulting physics-based method results in a transformation of the original color image to a grey-scale one which does not vary with illumination. Experiments demonstrate that the distribution of grey-scale invariants in an image is a reliable cue for illumination independent object recognition.
A Computational Model of Saliency Depletion/Recovery Phenomena for the Salient Region Extraction of Videos (2007)

This report proposes a new algorithm for extracting salient regions of videos by introducing two important properties of the early human visual system: (1) Instantaneous saliency depletion with gradual recovery, whereby saliency is instantaneously suppressed and gradually recovered in previously attended regions. (2) Gradual saliency depletion with instantaneous recovery, whereby saliency is gradually decreased over time in non-surprising regions and at the same time recovered in surprising locations. With the introduction of these properties, redundant information in videos can be suppressed and important information is eventually enhanced.
Grating-Induced Beam-Tuning in Quantum Cascade Ring Lasers (2010)

We describe the fabrication and operation of quantum cascade ring lasers providing grating‐coupled surface emission. The devices exhibit tunable far fields, ranging from spot‐ to ring‐shaped symmetric beam cross sections, depending on the grating period. This—along with threshold current densities as low as for comparable Fabry‐Perot lasers ‐ demonstrates the compatibility of reduced beam divergence and two‐dimensional integrability, resulting in an attractive light source for spectroscopic applications.
Design and construction of a laboratory bench system for the teaching and training of engineers on diagnostics of permanent magnet motors (2015)

Permanent magnet synchronous motors PMSM are widely used in industry due to their higher torque and higher power to volume ratio. Moreover they have a better dynamic performance compared to the motors with electromagnetic excitation. Despite its robustness electrical, mechanical and magnetic faults has been described. It has led to the development of specific diagnostic systems for such machines. These systems are constantly evolving according to the literature. In this situation of increasing use of PMSM it is necessary to teach and train professionals in diagnostic techniques. This paper describes the design process of an experimental bench on which can be studied all types of faults associated with the PMSM operation. The design of a PMSM prototype, which is the most important equipment of this bench, is described in more detail.
Improving Robustness and Efficiency in Active Learning with Contrastive Loss. (2021)

This paper introduces supervised contrastive active learning (SCAL) by leveraging the contrastive loss for active learning in a supervised setting. We propose efficient query strategies in active learning to select unbiased and informative data samples of diverse feature representations. We demonstrate our proposed method reduces sampling bias, achieves state-of-the-art accuracy and model calibration in an active learning setup with the query computation 11x faster than CoreSet and 26x faster than Bayesian active learning by disagreement. Our method yields well-calibrated models even with imbalanced datasets. We also evaluate robustness to dataset shift and out-of-distribution in active learning setup and demonstrate our proposed SCAL method outperforms high performing compute-intensive methods by a bigger margin (average 8.9% higher AUROC for out-of-distribution detection and average 7.2% lower ECE under dataset shift).
Gimnasia para el adulto mayor (2018)

El adulto mayor se refugia en muchas ocasiones en el mundo de su pasado, cuando estaba en la adolescencia, en la juventud, en la adultez, porque en esa etapa de sus vidas eran queridos, admirados y ocupaban un lugar preponderante en las decisiones que se tomaban en el seno familiar y además no eran desvalidos.&#x0D; Es necesario viajar al pasado, para determinar las funciones que se le atribuían a este grupo etareo, pues al cambiar la sociedad, muchas de ellas o cambiaron poco, o se eliminaron, en vez de cambiar también. La función educativa del adulto mayor es insustituible, máxime en este mundo globalizado donde el sistema de valores se deprecia en la medida que los valores materiales subieron de precio ante los espirituales.
Validation and Use of the MM-PBSA Approach for Drug Discovery (2005)

The MM-PBSA approach has become a popular method for calculating binding affinities of biomolecular complexes. Published application examples focus on small test sets and few proteins and, hence, are of limited relevance in assessing the general validity of this method. To further characterize MM-PBSA, we report on a more extensive study involving a large number of ligands and eight different proteins. Our results show that applying the MM-PBSA energy function to a single, relaxed complex structure is an adequate and sometimes more accurate approach than the standard free energy averaging over molecular dynamics snapshots. The use of MM-PBSA on a single structure is shown to be valuable (a) as a postdocking filter in further enriching virtual screening results, (b) as a helpful tool to prioritize de novo design solutions, and (c) for distinguishing between good and weak binders (DeltapIC(50) > or = 2-3), but rarely to reproduce smaller free energy differences.
Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewater by ElectroFenton, Photo‐ElectroFenton, Pressurized‐ElectroFenton and Pressurized Photo ElectroFenton: A First Comparison of these Innovative Routes (2021)

Abstract In the last few years increasing attention has been devoted to the utilization of electroFenton (EF) and EF based technologies for the treatment of wastewater polluted by recalcitrant organics. It has been shown that the performances of EF can be strongly improved using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, e. g., by the photo‐electroFenton (PEF) method, or pressurized air or oxygen, e. g., by the pressurized‐electroFenton (PrEF) one. Although several studies were carried out on the degradation of many organic pollutants using EF, PEF or PrEF, a systematic comparison between PEF and PrEF was never reported as well as the possibility to couple the irradiation with pressurized air. In this study the performances of EF, PEF and PrEF were systematically compared using synthetic solutions of three model organic substrates (e. g., formic acid, oxalic acid and Acid Orange 7). In addition, the pressurized‐photo‐electroFenton (PrPEF) process was proposed for the first time.
Addressing Algorithmic Bottlenecks in Elastic Machine Learning with Chicle (2019)

Distributed machine learning training is one of the most common and important workloads running on data centers today, but it is rarely executed alone. Instead, to reduce costs, computing resources are consolidated and shared by different applications. In this scenario, elasticity and proper load balancing are vital to maximize efficiency, fairness, and utilization. Currently, most distributed training frameworks do not support the aforementioned properties. A few exceptions that do support elasticity, imitate generic distributed frameworks and use micro-tasks. In this paper we illustrate that micro-tasks are problematic for machine learning applications, because they require a high degree of parallelism which hinders the convergence of distributed training at a pure algorithmic level (i.e., ignoring overheads and scalability limitations). To address this, we propose Chicle, a new elastic distributed training framework which exploits the nature of machine learning algorithms to implement elasticity and load balancing without micro-tasks. We use Chicle to train deep neural network as well as generalized linear models, and show that Chicle achieves performance competitive with state of the art rigid frameworks, while efficiently enabling elastic execution and dynamic load balancing.
Recommended curriculum for subspecialty training in transplant infectious disease on behalf of the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice Educational Initiatives Working Group (2009)

The American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases (ID) Community of Practice has established an education workgroup to identify core components of a curriculum for training specialists in transplant ID. Clinical, laboratory, and research training form the triad of components on which an additional year of ID training, dedicated to the care of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, should be based. The recommended training environment would have access to adequate numbers of transplant patients, along with qualified faculty committed to teaching specialized fellows in this area. The learning objectives for both inpatient and outpatient clinical training are presented. The laboratory component requires trainees to attain expertize in utilizing and interpreting cutting-edge diagnostics used in transplant medicine. The research component may involve basic science, and translational or clinical research individualized to the trainee. Finally, suggestions for evaluation of both the fellows and the training program are provided.
Elucidation of CXCR7-Mediated Signaling Events and Inhibition of CXCR4-Mediated Tumor Cell Transendothelial Migration by CXCR7 Ligands (2009)

CXCR7 binds chemokines CXCL11 (I-TAC) and CXCL12 (SDF-1) but does not act as a classical chemoattractant receptor. Using CCX771, a novel small molecule with high affinity and selectivity for CXCR7, we found that, although CXCR7 is dispensable for "bare filter" in vitro chemotaxis, CXCR7 plays an essential role in the CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated transendothelial migration (TEM) of CXCR4(+)CXCR7(+) human tumor cells. Importantly, although CXCL11 is unable to stimulate directly the migration of these cells, it acts as a potent antagonist of their CXCL12-induced TEM. Furthermore, even though this TEM is driven by CXCR4, the CXCR7 ligand CCX771 is substantially more potent at inhibiting it than the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100, which is more than 100 times weaker at inhibiting TEM when compared with its ability to block bare filter chemotaxis. Far from being a "silent" receptor, we show that CXCR7 displays early hallmark events associated with intracellular signaling. Upon cognate chemokine binding, CXCR7 associates with beta-arrestin2, an interaction that can be blocked by CXCR7-specific mAbs. Remarkably, the synthetic CXCR7 ligand CCX771 also potently stimulates beta-arrestin2 recruitment to CXCR7, with greater potency and efficacy than the endogenous chemokine ligands. These results indicate that CXCR7 can regulate CXCL12-mediated migratory cues, and thus may play a critical role in driving CXCR4(+)CXCR7(+) tumor cell metastasis and tissue invasion. CXCR7 ligands, such as the chemokine CXCL11 and the newly described synthetic molecule CCX771, may represent novel therapeutic opportunities for the control of such cells.
TP53, SF3B1, and NOTCH1 mutations and outcome of allotransplantation for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: six-year follow-up of the GCLLSG CLL3X trial (2013)

The purpose of this analysis was to provide 6-year follow-up of the CLL3X trial, which studied reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with poor-risk chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and to investigate the effect of TP53, SF3B1, and NOTCH1 mutations on HSCT outcome. For 90 allografted patients, 6-year overall survival (OS) was 58% and 6-year event-free survival (EFS) was 38%. TP53, SF3B1, and NOTCH1 mutations were found in 30%, 26%, and 14% of the trial population, respectively. By univariate and multivariate analyses, the mutational status of the TP53, SF3B1, and NOTCH1 genes had no significant effect on OS and EFS. Studies of minimal residual disease confirmed durability of CLL eradication in mutated patients. We conclude that HSCT can provide long-term disease control in patients with poor-risk CLL independent of the presence of TP53, SF3B1, and NOTCH1 mutations. The trial has been registered at the US National Cancer Institute as #EU-20554, NCT00281983.