gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nestin Overexpression Precedes Caspase-3 Upregulation in Rats Exposed to Controlled Cortical Impact Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

Our understanding of biological mechanisms and treatment options for traumatic brain injury (TBI) is limited. Here, we employed quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analyses to determine the dynamic expression of cell proliferation and apoptosis in an effort to provide insights into the therapeutic window for developing regenerative strategies for TBI. For this purpose, young adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to experimental TBI using a controlled cortical impactor, then euthanized 1-48 hours after TBI for QRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. QRT-PCR revealed that brains from TBI exposed rats initially displayed nestin mRNA expression that modestly increased as early as 1-hour post-TBI, then significantly peaked at 8 hours, but thereafter reverted to pre-TBI levels. On the other hand, caspase-3 mRNA expression was slightly elevated at 8 hours post-TBI, which did not become significantly upregulated until 48 hours. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed a significant surge in nestin immunoreactive cells in the cortex, corpus callosum, and subventricular zone at 24 hours post-TBI, whereas a significant increase in the number of active caspase-3 immunoreactive cells was only found in the cortex and not until 48 hours. These results suggest that the injured brain attempts to repair itself via cell proliferation immediately after TBI, but that this endogenous regenerative mechanism is not sufficient to abrogate the secondary apoptotic cell death. Treatment strategies designed to amplify cell proliferation and to prevent apoptosis are likely to exert maximal benefits when initiated at the acute phase of TBI.
DeepSurfels: Learning Online Appearance Fusion (2021)

We present DeepSurfels, a novel hybrid scene representation for geometry and appearance information. DeepSurfels combines explicit and neural building blocks to jointly encode geometry and appearance information. In contrast to established representations, DeepSurfels better represents high-frequency textures, is well-suited for online updates of appearance information, and can be easily combined with machine learning methods. We further present an end-to-end trainable online appearance fusion pipeline that fuses information from RGB images into the proposed scene representation and is trained using self-supervision imposed by the reprojection error with respect to the input images. Our method compares favorably to classical texture mapping approaches as well as recent learning-based techniques. Moreover, we demonstrate lower runtime, improved generalization capabilities, and better scalability to larger scenes compared to existing methods.
Delta-doping optimization for high quality p-type GaN (2008)

Delta (δ−) doping is studied in order to achieve high quality p-type GaN. Atomic force microscopy, x-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, and Hall measurements are performed on the samples to optimize the δ-doping characteristics. The effect of annealing on the electrical, optical, and structural quality is also investigated for different δ-doping parameters. Optimized pulsing conditions result in layers with hole concentrations near 1018 cm−3 and superior crystal quality compared to conventional p-GaN. This material improvement is achieved thanks to the reduction in the Mg activation energy and self-compensation effects in δ-doped p-GaN.
Maximum-likelihood stochastic matching approach to non-linear equalization for robust speech recognition (2002)

We present a new technique in the stochastic matching framework to compensate for nonlinear distortions in speech recognition. The features of the test data and the means of the trained model are both transformed using neural networks to better fit each other. The parameters of the neural network are estimated using a novel combination of the generalized EM (GEM) and the backpropagation algorithms. In the feature transformation case, when the exact Q-functions cannot be calculated, approximations are heuristically derived. The mathematical properties of the new algorithm are analysed. The performance of the algorithm is also studied under different mismatch conditions.
Channel Estimation in Massive MIMO with Heavy-Tailed Noise: Gaussian-Mixture Versus Cauchy Models (2023)

Impulsive noise can appear in communication links. In the literature, it was demonstrated that when the noise is impulsive, standard Gaussian receivers perform poorly because of the outliers in the noise. Therefore, appropriate receivers must be used when the noise is impulsive. In this paper, we compare two types of massive multiple- input multiple-output (MIMO) receivers, namely those based on a Gaussian-mixture assumption and those based on a Cauchy assumption, in terms of channel estimation quality, when the noise is impulsive. Symmetric α-stable (SαS) noises are used to model impulsive noises in the paper. In the numerical results, the Gaussian-mixture receiver outperforms the Cauchy-based receiver.
Specificity of Classical and Putative Cl<sup>-</sup> Transport Inhibitors on Membrane Transport Pathways in Human Erythrocytes (2003)

The majority of anion transport inhibitors tend to be non-specific. This is problematic from a research point of view as caution is required when defining pathways purely based on pharmacology. Here we have tested a range of classical and putative Cl(-) transport inhibitors on three Cl(-) carrier systems (the KCl cotransporter (KCC), the NaK2Cl cotransporter (NKCC), and the Band 3 anion exchanger (AE)) found in human erythrocytes, using radiolabel tracer experiments. The study confirms the cross-reactivity of many anion transport inhibitors. However, two compounds, H25 and H156, were found to be both potent (IC(50) values < 0.1 mM) and specific (at least 1000-fold more effective against one carrier compared to the other two) inhibitors of NKCC and AE, respectively.
CAD/POLD2 gene expression is associated with poor overall survival and chemoresistance in bladder urothelial carcinoma (2018)

// Kevin B. Givechian 1 , Chad Garner 1 , Hermes Garban 2 , Shahrooz Rabizadeh 1, 2 and Patrick Soon-Shiong 1, 2 1 NantOmics LLC, Culver City, CA 90232, USA 2 NantBioscience, Inc. | NantWorks, Culver City, CA 90232, USA Correspondence to: Kevin B. Givechian, email: Kevin.Givechian@nantomics.com Keywords: DNA repair; chemoresistance; pyrmidine synthesis; bladder carcinoma; survival Received: April 11, 2018&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Accepted: June 13, 2018&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Published: July 03, 2018 ABSTRACT Somatic mutations in DNA repair genes have been clinically associated with chemosensitivity, although few studies have interrogated the nucleotide synthesis pathways that supply DNA repair processes. Previous work suggests that bladder urothelial carcinoma is uniquely enriched for mutations in nucleotide excision repair genes, and that these mutations are associated with response to platinum-based therapy and favorable survival. Conversely, the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway has recently emerged as a putative clinical target. This anabolic process is thought to supply DNA repair processes such as nucleotide excision repair; that is, DNA repair enzymes may require a sufficient nucleotide supply available to reverse the intended genotoxic damage of systemic chemotherapy in rapidly proliferating cancer cells. Therefore, we explored the prognostic complementarity between de novo pyrimidine synthesis and nucleotide excision repair expression in a total of 570 bladder urothelial carcinoma patients. Ultimately, we show that the de novo pyrimidine synthesis gene CAD is associated with poor survival (P = 0.008) and is co-altered with the nucleotide excision repair gene POLD2. High expression of POLD2 was also associated with poor overall survival (P = 0.019) and was significantly correlated with CAD expression in pre-treatment patient tumor samples (P = 2.44e-4). Expression of each gene was associated with cisplatin-based therapy resistance, and accordingly, CAD high POLD2 high patients were associated with worse survival than CAD high POLD2 low and CAD low POLD2 high patients. Together, these biomarkers could help elucidate mechanisms of chemoresistance to further personalize therapeutic strategies in bladder urothelial carcinoma.
Physical Limits of VLSI dRAM's (1985)

This paper describes the physical limits of VLSI dynamic random-access memories (dRAM's). To achieve memory capacities in the multimegabit range, the significant limits inherent in conventional dRAM technology must be identified and overcome. Limits associated with cell components may be circumvented using an approach that treats the dRAM as a subsystem, affording the opportunity to trade off cell scaling with new approaches to cell and storage array layout as well as sensing-circuit design. New limits determined by denser cell geometry, cosmic-ray protons, sense-amplifier thermal noise, and vertical fields in the storage-capacitor insulator then enable memory storage capacities to be extended to a range in excess of 64 Mbits.
Separation of CO sub 2 and H sub 2 mixtures using reactive ion exchange membranes (1988)

Currently, the most widely used method for producing hydrogen is steam reforming of methane. The volatility in the price of natural has created increased interest in finding alternative feedstocks for the manufacture of hydrogen. Thus, it is appropriate at this time to conduct research which has the best opportunities for reducing H/sub 2/ production costs from coal gasification. Bartis and Marks (1984) have identified low energy separation processes such as membranes as a key research opportunity in reducing capital and operating costs and hence the H/sub 2/ production costs. They state that technical improvements in gas separation could lead to production cost reductions of 15 to 20 percent. Acid gases must be removed from the gas stream after gasification and prior to the shift reaction. This separation step prevents sulfur poisoning of the shift catalysts and maximizes hydrogen production from the shift reaction. The second gas separation occurs after the shift reaction. CO/sub 2/ must be removed from the product stream to produce high purity H/sub 2/.
Effect of Vinyltriethoxysilane Content on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Precipitated Silica Reinforced Silicone Rubber (2011)

실리카의 표면 개질제인 vinyltriethoxysilane(VTEOS)의 함량에 따른 실리카로 보강된 실리콘 고무의 기계적 물성 변화 및 내열성, 내유성, 압축 영구줄음률, 반발탄성 및 가교밀도 변화를 연구하였다. 결과로 VTEOS의 함량이 2.0 phr까지 증가함에 따라 경도는 상승하였으나 인장강도, 파단신율, 인열강도가 감소하였다. 내열시험에서는 VTEOS의 함량이 증가될수록 경도변화, 인장강도 변화율, 파단신율 변화율이 크게 감소하였다. VTEOS 2.0 phr에서 가장 우수한 내열특성을 나타내었다. 또한 VTEOS의 함량이 증가될수록 실리콘 고무의 내유성이 증진되었으며, VTEOS 미첨가 시보다 경도 하락폭이 크게 낮았으며, 파단신율 변화율은 약 2배 이상 감소하였다. 반발탄성도 VTEOS의 함량이 증가될수록 우수하였으며, 압축 영구줄음률 역시 VTEOS가 증가될수록 감소였다. 가교시험 결과 VTEOS가 증가될수록 최대 토크값와 가교밀도가 크게 향상되었다.
1662: Salvage Cryosurgical Ablation of the Prostate (TCAP) for Patients Failing Radiation: 10-Year Experience (2005)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: EORTC trial 30891 compared prospectively immediate endocrine treatment with orchiectomy or LH-RH analog (Buserelin 2-monthly depot) to deferred treatment initiated at the time of symptomatic disease progression or life-threatening complications in patients with localized N0-2 prostate cancer.
Synthesis of Bis-8-Hydroxyquinoline-Armed Diazatrithia-15-Crown-5 and Diazatrithia-16-Crown-5 Ligands (2001)

Abstract : The synthesis of a series of diazatrithia-15-crown-5 and diazatrithia-16- crown-5 ligands containing two 8-hydroxyquinoline side arms are reported. The ligands were prepared by a two-step process. First, diazatrithiacrown ethers 11 and 12 were prepared by treating bis(alpha-chloroamide) 5 with various dimercaptans followed by reduction using a boron-THF complex. Hydroxymethyl-substituted macrocycle 12 was rearranged to hydroxy-substituted diazatrithia-16-crown-5 in refluxing aqueous HCl. Macrocyclic diamines 11-13 were converted to either 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinolin-7-ylmethyl-substituted diazatrithiacrown ethers 14-16 by a Mannich aminomethylation reaction or to 8- hydroxyquinolin-2-ylmethyl-substituted diazatrithiacrown ethers 17-19 by reductive amination using 8-hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxaldehyde.
A Ruthenium-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling to Form E-Vinyl Chlorides (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Ruthenium-Catalyzed Three-Component Coupling to Form E-Vinyl ChloridesBarry M. Trost and Anthony B. PinkertonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Stanford University Stanford, California 94305-5080 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 9, 1988–1989Publication Date (Web):February 23, 1999Publication History Received10 December 1998Published online23 February 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja984264lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja984264lrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views708Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Cations,Hydrocarbons,Ruthenium,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
Quantum Computation of Molecular Structure Using Data from Challenging-To-Classically-Simulate Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Experiments (2022)

We propose a quantum algorithm for inferring the molecular nuclear spin Hamiltonian from time-resolved measurements of spin-spin correlators, which can be obtained via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We focus on learning the anisotropic dipolar term of the Hamiltonian, which generates dynamics that are challenging to classically simulate in some contexts. We demonstrate the ability to directly estimate the Jacobian and Hessian of the corresponding learning problem on a quantum computer, allowing us to learn the Hamiltonian parameters. We develop algorithms for performing this computation on both noisy near-term and future fault-tolerant quantum computers. We argue that the former is promising as an early beyond-classical quantum application since it only requires evolution of a local spin Hamiltonian. We investigate the example of a protein (ubiquitin) confined on a membrane as a benchmark of our method. We isolate small spin clusters, demonstrate the convergence of our learning algorithm on one such example, and then investigate the learnability of these clusters as we cross the ergodic to non-ergodic phase transition by suppressing the dipolar interaction. We see a clear correspondence between a drop in the multifractal dimension measured across many-body eigenstates of these clusters, and a transition in the structure of the Hessian of the learning cost function (from degenerate to learnable). Our hope is that such quantum computations might enable the interpretation and development of new NMR techniques for analyzing molecular structure.
Buoyancy Technology Used Effectively in Casing Running Operations to Extend Lateral Stepout: Two Case Histories Detail Application Risks and Successes (2011)

Abstract Operators today face an ever-increasing demand for locating commercial reserves and producing those reserves with attention to exploration and development costs. In addition to basic financial pressures, operators also strive to reduce the environmental impact of well construction and production operations. Extended-reach drilling technology allows operators to reach recoverable reserves that, in the past, were unreachable. Specifically, extended-reach drilling from a multipad wellsite allows significant portions of the well-construction costs to be distributed amongst multiple wells, rather than being carried by an individual wellbore. Also, the capability to drill multiple wells from a single pad reduces the environmental impact of the drilling operation. Extending wellbore reach from a given pad depends on the location of the target formation. Depth, horizontal distance, and production type significantly affect the type of drilling program as well as the casing running operation. Casing flotation is a proven technology that has been deployed in fields around the world to extend the attainable lateral reach of the casing running operation. In many wells, the buckling limits of the casing being run, rather than insufficient hook load, prevent successful casing running operations from pushing the casing into the lateral section. In some cases, slack-off loads with small casing strings cause helical buckling and lock-up of the casing before reaching total depth. This paper documents the use of flotation technology in several wells where casing lock-up caused by buckling limits was averted to allow successful casing running operations to be performed without the requirement of costly premium torque-shouldered connections. Detailed prejob planning and computer simulations are provided to demonstrate the limits without casing flotation and the step out achieved with it.
Implementation of plasmonic band structure to understand polariton hybridization within metamaterials (2018)

Gap surface plasmons (GSPs) serve a diverse range of plasmonic applications, including energy harvesting, communications, molecular sensing, and optical detection. GSPs may be realized where tightly spaced plasmonic structures exhibit strong spatial overlap between the evanescent fields. We demonstrate that within similar, nested geometries that the near-fields of the GSPs within the individual nanostructures are hybridized. This creates two or more distinct resonances exhibiting near-field distributions extended over adjacent spatial regions. In contrast, dissimilar, nested structures exhibit two distinct resonances with nominally uncoupled near-fields, resulting in two or more individual antenna resonance modes. We deploy plasmonic band structure calculations to provide insight into the type and degree of hybridization within these systems, comparing the individual components. This understanding can be used in the optimized design of polaritonic metamaterial structures for desired applications.
Estimating electrical resistivity from logging data for oil wells using machine learning (2023)

Abstract Formation resistivity is crucial for calculating water saturation, which, in turn, is used to estimate the stock-tank oil initially in place. However, obtaining a complete resistivity log can be challenging due to high costs, equipment failure, or data loss. To overcome this issue, this study introduces novel machine learning models that can be used to predict the electrical resistivity of oil wells, using conventional well logs. The analysis utilized gamma-ray (GR), delta time compressional logs (DTC), sonic shear log (DSTM), neutron porosity, and bulk density. The study utilized a dataset of 3529 logging data points from horizontal oil carbonate wells which were used to develop different machine learning models using random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT) algorithms. The obtained results showed that both models can predict electrical resistivity with high accuracy, over 0.94 for training and testing data. Comparing the models based on accuracy and consistency revealed that the RF model had a slight advantage over the DT model. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the formation resistivity is more significantly impacted by GR logs compared to DTC logs. These new ML models offer a low-cost and practical alternative to estimate well resistivity in oil wells, providing valuable information for geophysical and geological interpretation.
5-Aminofuran-3(2H)-ones (1987)

A novel series of 5-amino-4-phenylfuran-3(2H)-ones was synthesized and found to possess potent bleaching herbicidal activity. The compounds incorporate a vinylogous amide substructure, a feature which is common to a number of other bleaching herbicides that are known to block desaturation of 15- cis phytoene, a step in carotenoid biosynthesis. Synthesis of the furanones was accomplished by three routes the most notable of which utilized a newly discovered transformation of diaryl cyanoketones to 5-amino-2,4-diarylfuran-3(2H)-ones. Herbicidal activity was generally highest for compounds having a meta CF3 group on the 4-phenyl ring, small alkyl groups on the 5-amino function and a small alkyl or a phenyl substituent at the furan C-2 ring position. Results are interpreted in terms of a hypothetical binding site which could accommodate the 3-furanones as well as certain other known inhibitors of phytoene desaturation.
Head Design for Novel Ink-Jet Printing using Electrostatic Force (1999)

The authors developed a printing head with multiple ink ejecting apertures based on novel ink-jet technology, which was reported at the last NIP14 conference. A 4-inch wide printing head was made with this head structure. This ink-jet technology uses electrostatic force and ink containing charged colorants dispersed in a highly resistive solvent.The developed printing head comprises a control substrate and an ink-guide. The control substrate consists of a printed circuit board, and has apertures and control electrodes arranged around each aperture. The ink-guide has a tapered shape with a narrow slit in the tip, like a fountain pen, and is positioned inside the aperture. The ink is carried from the aperture to an ink droplet emitting position by capillary action. The printing head structure makes it possible to stabilize ink ejection and print images at high speed.The 4-inch wide head has 384 ink ejecting apertures which are arranged by 100 dpi and can print 6 pages per minute with a 4&#x201D; x 6&#x201D; image with 800 dpi resolution.The authors present a detailed description of the printing head structure, the printing characteristics of the head structure, printed samples, and specifications of the 4-inch wide head, in this paper.
Toward Better Transfer from Materials Research to Affordable Production Processes (2014)

Manufacturing industry is constantly struggling to focus toward more urgent needs of human being, i.e. to survive with highest possible quality of life. Three main genres of science and technology, i.e. energy, environment and life-science are most responsible for these issues. Question is, whether the costly research results are really crystallized as the industrially affordable and scalable technology. By restricting to our common interests, powder technology, the author tries in the present short overview to stimulate better cooperation between research institutes and industry. Case studies comprise topics entitled : Better utilization of solar energy via biomass ; Solar cell without platinum by intercalated graphite ; Photocatalyses prepared from fluorocarbon polymers ; Microbattery by 3D printer ; and Mass production of functional nanocomposites.