gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Risks and Benefits of Gain-of-Function Experiments with Pathogens of Pandemic Potential, Such as Influenza Virus: a Call for a Science-Based Discussion (2014)

The views expressed here are those of the authors only and do not represent those associated with the Cambridge Working Group or the United States Government, as both authors were members of the NSABB until very recently. Both authors are editors for mBio , but the views in this editorial are personal and not necessarily those of the American Society for Microbiology. For a statement from the ASM on this issue, see https://www.asm.org/index.php/publicpolicy-2/statements-testimony/137-policy/documents/statements-and-testimony/93024-durc-7-31-14 .

Influenza virus is one of a handful of infectious disease agents that can cause devastating pandemics with high mortality and morbidity in human populations. The human species is vulnerable to zoonotic infection with new influenza viruses, with the last occurring as recently as 2009. Influenza kills thousands of people each year, and the world is continuously confronting new epidemics. Today the complexity and interconnectivity of our society create vulnerabilities, such that pandemics with even low mortality have the potential to cause widespread suffering and economic disruption. Epidemics can have catastrophic effects on the social order and result in the disruption of benefits that we associate with current society, such as law and order and reliable food distribution (for a vivid and dramatic representation of the effect of epidemics on society, readers are invited to see the movie Contagion , where an outbreak with a new fictional virus leads to the breakdown of the social order). Hence, epidemics pose existential threats to civil society even when morbidity and mortality occur in a fraction of those infected. Given the biological characteristics of the influenza virus that ensure the continuous generation of antigenic variability, this virus poses a continuous extant threat, with the likelihood of new pandemics being determined by variables that remain poorly understood. In this environment, the influenza virus research community is humanity’s best defense against influenza …
Real-time monitoring, surveillance and control of road networks under adverse weather conditions : Advances in modeling and weather-sensitive traffic management (2012)

Ce livre est le rapport final de l'action COST TU0702 Real-time monitoring, surveillance and control or road networks under adverse weather conditions. Cette action a été initiée avec comme principaux objectifs : la compréhension des impacts des conditions météorologiques défavorables sur le fonctionnement des réseaux aussi bien urbains qu'interurbains et l'élaboration, la promotion et la mise en oeuvre de stratégies et d'outils pour atténuer ces impacts. Ce rapport interdisciplinaire est le deuxième rapport scientifique de TU0702 qui couvre tous les sujets importants liés à l'impact des conditions météorologiques défavorables sur les réseaux de transport, à savoir les états de la chaussée, la modélisation météo-sensible du trafic, les modèles météorologiques et les stratégies de gestion du trafic dans des conditions météorologiques défavorables. Il fournit une analyse complète des impacts climatiques défavorables sur les infrastructures de transport et sur les comportements des usagers, et les stratégies efficientes de gestion des réseaux routiers dans des conditions météorologiques défavorables. Il propose ensuite des modélisations du trafic intégrant les effets de la météorologie. Il comprend une synthèse sur les stratégies de gestion de trafic météo-sensibles avec une liste des meilleures pratiques actuelles. Enfin, des recommandations sont formulées sur la façon dont les gestionnaires d'infrastructures routières peuvent mettre en oeuvre des stratégies de gestion météo-sensibles du trafic pour améliorer la sécurité routière d'une manière efficace. Les experts de l'action TU0702, à travers un processus de consensus, ont identifié les principales recommandations en termes de recherches et de développement en vue de stratégies météo-sensibles de gestion du trafic plus efficaces et renforçant la sécurité et la résilience des réseaux.
On cost aware cloudlet placement for mobile edge computing (2019)

As accessing computing resources from the remote cloud inherently incurs high end-to-end (E2E) delay for mobile users, cloudlets, which are deployed at the edge of a network, can potentially mitigate this problem. Although some research works focus on allocating workloads among cloudlets, the cloudlet placement aiming to minimize the deployment cost (i.e., consisting of both the cloudlet cost and average E2E delay cost) has not been addressed effectively so far. The locations and number of cloudlets have a crucial impact on both the cloudlet cost in the network and average E2E delay of users. Therefore, in this paper, we propose the Cost Aware cloudlet PlAcement in moBiLe Edge computing (CAPABLE) strategy, where both the cloudlet cost and average E2E delay are considered in the cloudlet placement. To solve this problem, a Lagrangian heuristic algorithm is developed to achieve the suboptimal solution. After cloudlets are placed in the network, we also design a workload allocation scheme to minimize the E2E delay between users and their cloudlets by considering the user mobility. The performance of CAPABLE has been validated by extensive simulations.
Collaborative exploration for the construction of visual maps (2002)

We examine the problem of learning a visual map of the environment while maintaining an accurate pose estimate. Our approach is based on using two robots in a simple collaborative scheme. Without outside information, as a robot collects training images, its position estimate accumulates errors, thus corrupting its knowledge of the positions from which observations are taken. We address this problem by deploying a second robot to observe the first one as it explores, thereby establishing a virtual tether, and enabling an accurate estimate of the robot's position while it constructs the map. We refer to this process as cooperative localization. The images collected during this process are assembled into a representation that allows vision-based position estimation from a single image at a later date. In addition to developing a formalism and concept, we validate our results experimentally and present quantitative results demonstrating the performance of the method in over 90 trials.
A classification-and-reconstruction approach for a single image super-resolution by a sparse representation (2014)

A sparse representation is known as a very powerful tool to solve image reconstruction problem such as denoising and the single image super-resolution. In the sparse representation, it is assumed that an image patch or data can be approximated by a linear combination of a few bases selected from a given dictionary. A single overcomplete dictionary is usually learned with training patches. Dictionary learning methods almost are concerned about building a general over-complete dictionary on the assumption that the bases in dictionary can represent everything. However, using more appropriate dictionary, the sparse representation of patch can obtain better results. In this paper, we propose a classification-and-reconstruction approach with multiple dictionaries. Before learning dictionary for reconstruction, some representative bases can be used to classify all training patches from database and multiple dictionaries for reconstruction can be learned by classified patches respectively. In reconstruction phase, the patch of input image can be classified and the adaptive dictionary can be selected to use. We demonstrate that the proposed classification-and-reconstruction approach outperforms existing sparse representation with the single dictionary.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND SPECTRAL STUDIES OF SOME ACIDOPENTACYANORHODATE(III) AND ‐IRIDATE(III) COMPLEXES (1974)

Abstract Durch UV‐Bestrahlung saurer Lösungen der Hexacyanoderivate (I) werden die Aquoprodukte (II) erhalten, die bei thermischem Austausch die Titelkomplexe (III) liefern.
Fluorinated Boron Nitride Quantum Dots: A New 0D Material for Energy Conversion and Detection of Cellular Metabolism (2018)

Abstract Quantum dots encompass a broad spectrum of optical, catalytic, and electrochemical properties bringing in novel applications in catalysis, imaging, displays, and optoelectronics. Herein, the unanticipated broad‐spectrum light absorption and high fluorescence quantum yield in fluorinated boron nitride (FBN) quantum dots are discussed. A heterostructure of FBN quantum dots with a wide‐bandgap semiconductor, titania nanotube arrays, exhibits high photocatalytic activity as evidenced by high external quantum efficiency extending from ultraviolet to green region of the solar spectrum (≈24% at 400 nm). The high activity is confirmed using photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution experiments. Further, it is demonstrated that high fluorescence quantum yield could be tapped for the detection of glycolytic activity in cancer cells compared to normal cells. This finding could shift the paradigm of molecular detection using quantum dots. The 0D structure and the gap states introduced through fluorination are believed to be responsible for these unprecedented characteristics of boron nitride.
Ocean Thermal Difference Power-Plant Design (1974)

This paper discusses the preliminary design of a closed Rankine cycle power system using the ocean temperature difference as an energy source. A thermal cycle analysis and hull design factors for the system are presented. Graphical and tabular results which illustrate the importance of various cycle and design parameters are included as well as the outline of the digital-computer-based cycle analytical model. In addition, one design for a 400-mw power plant is shown.
Observation of $B_{s}^{0}\to {{K}^{*\pm }}{{K}^{\mp }}$ and evidence for $B_{s}^{0}\to {{K}^{*-}}{{\pi }^{+}}$ decays (2014)

Measurements of the branching fractions of B0s→K∗±K∓ and B0s→K∗±π∓ decays are performed using a data sample corresponding to 1.0 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data collected with the LHCb detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 7TeV, where the K∗± mesons are reconstructed in the K0Sπ± final state. The first observation of the B0s→K∗±K∓ decay and the first evidence for the B0s→K∗−π+ decay are reported with branching fractions\n\t\t\t\t B(B0s→K∗±K∓)B(B0s→K∗−π+)==(12.7±1.9±1.9)×10−6, (3.3±1.1±0.5)×10−6,\n\t\t\t\t where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. In addition, an upper limit of B(B0→K∗±K∓)&lt;0.4 (0.5)×10−6 is set at 90 confidence level.
Impact of Antenna Coupling on 2 $\times$ 2 MIMO Communications (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The impact of mutual coupling induced by two closely spaced minimum scattering antennas at the subscriber unit on 2 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\times$</tex></formula> 2 multiple-input multiple-output channels and communications is investigated. Both (de)correlation effects and variations of antenna gain resulting from coupling mechanisms are considered. Relationships between coupling and correlations/channel Frobenius norm are discussed, pointing out the role of the interelement spacing, the array orientation, and the richness of scattering. The analysis also yields useful insight into the influence of mutual coupling on capacity and system performance. </para>
Supplemental Figure 6 from Diagnostic Distinction of Malignant Melanoma and Benign Nevi by a Gene Expression Signature and Correlation to Clinical Outcomes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 6 shows a lesion from the face of a 73 year old male was classified as a desmoplastic melanoma, pure type (Breslow thickness at least 1.2 mm, mitotic index 0/mm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, ulceration absent). The score was -2.6 (false negative). Metastases to lymph nodes and lungs were detected 18 months after initial diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;
Three-Dimensional Printed Cell Culture Model Based on Spherical Colloidal Lignin Particles and Cellulose Nanofibril-Alginate Hydrogel (2020)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been an emerging technique to fabricate precise scaffolds for biomedical applications. Cellulose nanofibril (CNF) hydrogels have attracted considerable attention as a material for 3D printing because of their shear-thinning properties. Combining cellulose nanofibril hydrogels with alginate is an effective method to enable cross-linking of the printed scaffolds in the presence of Ca<sup>2+</sup> ions. In this work, spherical colloidal lignin particles (CLPs, also known as spherical lignin nanoparticles) were used to prepare CNF-alginate-CLP nanocomposite scaffolds. High-resolution images obtained by atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed that CLPs were homogeneously mixed with the CNF hydrogel. CLPs brought antioxidant properties to the CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds in a concentration-dependent manner and increased the viscosity of the hydrogels at a low shear rate, which correspondingly provide better shape fidelity and printing resolution to the scaffolds. Interestingly, the CLPs did not affect the viscosity at high shear rates, showing that the shear thinning behavior typical for CNF hydrogels was retained, enabling easy printing. The CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds demonstrated shape stability after printing, cross-linking, and storage in Dulbecco's phosphate buffer solution (DPBS +) containing Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> ions, up to 7 days. The 3D-printed scaffolds showed relative rehydration ratio values above 80% after freeze-drying, demonstrating a high water-retaining capability. Cell viability tests using hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2 showed no negative effect of CLPs on cell proliferation. Fluorescence microscopy indicated that HepG2 cells grew not only on the surfaces but also inside the porous scaffolds. Overall, our results demonstrate that nanocomposite CNF-alginate-CLP scaffolds have high potential in soft-tissue engineering and regenerative-medicine applications.
Martha Dickinson Bianchi: War Poet (2007)

The article recovers poet Martha Dickinson Bianchi, niece of Emily Dickinson, who served in the Amherst, Massachusetts, branch of the Red Cross and tended wounded soldiers in New York City at the end of World War I. Two previously unpublished poems reflect American despair in the aftermath of the war.
Elemental chemostratigraphy of the Three Forks Formation, Williston Basin, North Dakota (2014)

The Three Forks Formation of the Williston Basin in northwestern North Dakota is an Upper Devonian stratigraphic unit unconformably overlain by the Bakken Formation. It consists principally of dolostone, shale and anhydrite. The Three Forks is a productive tight oil resource play, which in recent years has been increasingly targeted and developed as part of the unconventional Bakken Petroleum System. Core analysis via energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) is a non-destructive, high-resolution chemostratigraphic data collection method that has been used here to produce concentration logs which reflect both lithologic heterogeneity and paleoredox conditions for the Three Forks Formation. These geochemical analyses are compared with detailed core descriptions, lithofacies identifications and subsurface maps generated on the basis of tops picked from wireline logs. Such comparisons show that every major stratigraphic surface within the Three Forks Formation is discernable on the elemental chemostratigraphic curves produced in this study. The elemental concentration logs are further used to discuss chemostratigraphic “packages” which are made up of consistently observed, correlatable trends in elemental geochemistry.
Ccr7-dependent amelioration of renal tubular injury protects against infection-induced acute kidney injury (2017)

Abstract Systemic candidiasis (SC) is a leading cause of nosocomial bloodstream infections, with mortality of &amp;gt;40% despite therapy. In a mouse model of SC, the most highly infected organ is the kidney, and myeloid cells, including dendritic cells (DCs), are integral for host defense. We hypothesized that Ccr7, which mediates DC trafficking and survival, is critical for host defense during SC. Ccr7 and its ligands, Ccl19 and Ccl21, were highly up-regulated in the Candida-infected kidney. All Ccr7−/− mice rapidly succumbed during SC, whereas WT mice had 80% survival at day 14. Infected Ccr7−/− mice had significantly greater kidney fungal burden, with greater tissue damage, and more severe renal failure. Infection in Ccl19−/− mice and in plt/plt mice (that lack Ccl19 and the CCL21a isoform of Ccl21) did not phenocopy the susceptibility of Ccr7−/− mice, indicating that the CCL21b-Ccr7 axis is critical for protection. Surprisingly, bone marrow chimeras revealed that the protective effects of Ccr7 are solely mediated by non-hematopoietic cells. Studies using FACS, IHC, and mRNA from sorted renal cells showed that Ccr7 is expressed by renal tubular cells (RTCs), not other renal stromal cells. Our preliminary data show the Ccr7 is a survival factor for RTCs; indeed, Ccr7 deficiency resulted in significantly greater tubulitis and tubular necrosis during SC. The renal protective effects of Ccr7 were also evident during bacterial sepsis, indicating that Ccr7 is broadly protective against infection-induced acute kidney injury. In summary, our data are the first to implicate Ccr7 in innate control of any pathogen and to uncover the contribution of Ccr7 on non-hematopoietic cells in protection against acute kidney injury and systemic fungal infection.
Draft Genome Sequences of the Type Strains of Actinobacillus indolicus (46K2C) and Actinobacillus porcinus (NM319), Two NAD-Dependent Bacterial Species Found in the Respiratory Tract of Pigs (2020)

We report here the draft genome sequences of the type strains of <i>Actinobacillus indolicus</i> (46K2C) and <i>Actinobacillus porcinus</i> (NM319). These NAD-dependent bacterial species are frequently found in the upper respiratory tract of pigs and are occasionally associated with lung pathology.
Scanning transmission x-ray microscope for materials science spectromicroscopy at the ALS (1997)

The brightness of the Advanced Light Source will be exploited by several new instruments for materials science spectromicroscopy over the next year or so. The first of these to become operational is a scanning transmission x-ray microscope with which near edge x-ray absorption spectra (NEXAFS) can be measured on spatial features of sub-micron size. Here the authors describe the instrument as it is presently implemented, its capabilities, some studies made to date and the developments to come. The Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscope makes use of a zone plate lens to produce a small x-ray spot with which to perform absorption spectroscopy through thin samples. The x-ray beam from ALS undulator beamline 7.0 emerges into the microscope vessel through a silicon nitride vacuum window 160nm thick and 300{mu}m square. The vessel is filled with helium at atmospheric pressure. The zone plate lens is illuminated 1mm downstream from the vacuum window and forms an image in first order of a pinhole which is 3m upstream in the beamline. An order sorting aperture passes the first order converging light and blocks the unfocused zero order. The sample is at the focus a few mm downstream of the zone plate and mounted from a scanning piezo stage which rasters in x and y so that an image is formed, pixel by pixel, by an intensity detector behind the sample. Absorption spectra are measured point-by-point as the photon energy is scanned by rotating the diffraction grating in the monochromator and changing the undulator gap.
Adaptive spreading and channel coding gain control and its experimental results in broadband DS-CDMA reverse link (2005)

The paper proposes adaptive spreading and channel coding gain (ASCG) control with QPSK data modulation according to the instantaneous received signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) of each packet duration, and presents experimental results using this scheme in broadband DS-CDMA wireless access in the reverse link. In the implemented broadband DS-CDMA transceiver with a 40 MHz bandwidth, a combination of turbo coding gain and the number of multiplexed codes for the spreading factor of SF = 4 (i.e., equivalent spreading gain) is adaptively changed based on the measured received SINR using a dedicated pilot channel over the packet duration of 0.5 msec to provide the maximum throughput according to the channel conditions in a multipath fading channel. Based on field experiments in real multipath fading channels, we observe a large number of multipath (i.e., more than 10 paths) components, which are approximated as an exponentially decayed power delay profile model in a 40 MHz bandwidth. In such multipath fading channels, we confirm that the proposed ASCG control properly operates according to the measured instantaneous received SINR, and, as a result, a throughput of greater than 20 Mbps is achieved at the average measured received SINR per antenna of approximately 5.5 dB.
Minimizing network bandwidth under latency constraints: The single node case. (2021)

Datacenters have become a significant source of traffic, much of which is carried over private networks. The operators of those networks commonly have access to detailed traffic profiles and performance goals, which they seek to meet as efficiently as possible. Of interest are solutions for offering latency guarantees while minimizing the required network bandwidth. Of particular interest is the extent to which traffic (re)shaping can be of benefit. The paper focuses on the most basic network configuration, namely, a single node, single link network, with extensions to more general, multi-node networks discussed in a companion paper. The main results are in the form of optimal solutions for different types of schedulers of varying complexity, and therefore cost. The results demonstrate how judicious traffic shaping can help lower complexity schedulers reduce the bandwidth they require, often performing as well as more complex ones.
NonlinearU(j) law from magnetic relaxation inBi2Sr2CaCu2Oxsingle crystals: Flux motion through double-kink formation of the pancake vortices (1993)

We have studied magnetic relaxation in a single crystal of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathit{x}}$ and have developed the U-j relationship by an approach we devised earlier. We explain this nonlinear U-j relationship based on the essential modification of the local pinning potential profile associated with flux motion through double-kink formation of the pancake vortices. The important microscopic parameters such as condensation energy, screening length, and vortex core energy have been extracted from the experimental data. An implication of the U(j) law on the voltage-current E-j characteristics is discussed as well.
Olefin Metathesis in Carbohydrate Chemistry (2000)

This account is devoted to a discussion of synthetic applications of olefin metathesis in carbohydrate chemistry. Olefin metathesis has emerged as a highly promising and exciting area in the contemporary organic synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds. Metathetic ring-closure (RCM) of diene precursors is advancing into one of the most useful and frequently applied transformations in modern organic chemistry. The development has been particularly rapid in recent years following the introduction of efficient transition metal carbene catalysts as reflected by the number of reviews on the general field of olefin metathesis in recent years. Cross-metathesis of suitably functionalized carbohydrates with well-defined metal carbene complexes is yet another of the big promises in carbohydrate synthesis for years to come. Compared with the ringclosing metathesis, this variation of the theme has, to date, received much less attention from the scientific community despite the fact that it has proved to be of tremendous synthetic value in the area of organometallic chemistry.