gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unprecedented Adhesive Performance of Propylene-Based Hydroxyl-Functionalized Terpolymers (2023)

The synthesis of hydroxyl-functionalized propylene-based terpolymers and their performance as hot melt adhesives were investigated. The products comprise uniformly distributed butyl and 4-hydroxyl-butyl branches along the polypropylene backbone. Despite the low hydroxyl-functionality level of ≤ 0.5 mol %, hydroxyl-functionalized terpolymers show formidable adhesion to aluminum and steel, providing an adhesive strength exceeding 16 MPa, whereas the nonfunctionalized congeners hardly adhere to these metals. As evidenced by rheological measurements, the functional groups form dynamic crosslinks based on hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions with aluminum oxide hydroxide residues, remaining in the product after polymerization. At the industrial application temperature of 180 °C, nondeashed and deashed samples of polymers having 0.1 or 0.5 mol % incorporated 5-hexen-1-ol gave, upon cooling to room temperature, comparable adhesive strengths. Deashing and increasing the functionality level lead to a significant improvement of the adhesion strength at a lower application temperature (130 °C), allowing application of the hydroxyl-functionalized propylene-based terpolymers as high-strength hot melt adhesives for combinations of polypropylene and metals.
Optical Control Elements (2021)

The extra-cavity control of laser beams includes requirements for scanning and positioning the beam, changing the size and shape of the beam, modulation of the beam in both time and space and, in this increasingly safety-conscious age, ensuring the safe disposal of stray beams. In many cases the most suitable technology will depend on the power and wavelength of the laser beam that is to be controlled. The most basic level of beam control is achieved through the use of a shutter. Most laser systems operate most effectively when producing output at their design power output. The resonator design can, under these circumstances, take full account of optical defects and distortions due to the operating temperature of the laser. Electro-optic modulators using the Kerr effect or the Pockels effect are available, although most modern electro-optic modulators are based on Pockels cells. A linearly polarized light beam can be resolved into two orthogonal polarizations of equal strength.
Liquid-crystal 1.8-in. displays using poly-Si thin-film transistors with novel structure and a storage-capacitance arrangement (1994)

We have fabricated 1.8-in., 86,400-pixel poly-Si thin-film-transistor (TFT) LCDs with a novel TFT structure and a storage-capacitance (<i>C<sub>st</sub></i>) arrangement. The TFTs have a self-aligned offset structure that is made by a simple process without using an additional mask. With this structure, we have reduced the OFF current, and hence attained a high ON/OFF current ratio of 10<sup>7</sup>. A novel <i>C<sub>st</sub></i> line arrangement called "modified on <i>C<sub>st</sub></i> gate" was adopted. Gate lines and <i>C<sub>st</sub></i> lines are arranged alternately, and the (<i>n</i> - 1)'th <i>C<sub>st</sub></i> line is connected to the <i>n</i>'th gate line at the line's end. The <i>C<sub>st</sub></i> line works as backup for the gate line. Consequently, we have obtained TFT arrays with no line defects (240 gate lines). By using these techniques, we have succeeded in fabricating a high-performance 1.8-in. poly-Si TFT-LCD panel for a projection TV.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Phosphono‐1,1,4,4‐tetrathio‐1,3‐butadienes. Synthesis and Synthetic Application to Highly Functionalized Dienes and Heterocycles. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An evaluation of Comparative Genome Sequencing (CGS) by comparing two previously-sequenced bacterial genomes (2007)

CGS is an effective way to detect multiple mutations present in one bacterium relative to another, and while highly cost-effective, is prone to certain errors. Mutations occurring in repeated sequences or in sequences with a high degree of secondary structure may go undetected. It is also critical to follow up on regions of interest in which SNPs were not called because they often indicate deletions or IS element insertions.
Emergency Physicians Are Able to Detect Right Ventricular Dilation With Good Agreement Compared to Cardiology (2017)

Emergency physician sonographers are able to detect RV dilation with good agreement when compared to cardiology. These results support the wider use of EP-performed FOCUS to evaluate for RV dilation in ED patients with dyspnea.
Toward a Systems-Level Analysis of Infection Biology: A New Method for Conducting Genetic Screens in Human Cells (2009)

Loss-of-function genetic screens have facilitated great strides in our understanding of the biology of model organisms but have not been possible in diploid human cells. A recent report by Brummelkamp's group in Science describes the use of insertional mutagenesis to generate loss-of-function alleles in a largely haploid human cell line and demonstrates the versatility of this method in screens designed to investigate the host/pathogen interaction. This approach has strengths that are complementary to existing strategies and will facilitate progress toward a systems-level understanding of infectious disease and ultimately the development of new therapeutics.
Excitation resolved color conversion of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dot solids for hybrid white light emitting diodes (2009)

In this paper, for their use as nanoluminophors on color-conversion white light emitting diodes (LEDs), we present spectrally resolved relative quantum efficiency and relative color (photon) conversion efficiency of CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystal (NC) emitters in the solid-state film. We observe that both the averaged relative quantum efficiency and the averaged relative photon conversion efficiency of these NC solids increase with the increasing photon pump energy. Therefore, the excitation LED platform emitting at shorter wavelengths facilitates such NC luminophor solids to be more efficiently pumped optically. Furthermore, we investigate the spectral time-resolved spectroscopy of NCs in solution and in film with 0.4–2.4 nmol integrated number of NCs in the spectral range of 610–660 nm. We observe that the average lifetime of NCs increases toward longer wavelengths as the number of in-film NCs increases. With the increased amount of NCs, the average lifetime increases even further and the emission of NCs is shifted further toward red. This is attributed to the enhanced nonradiative energy transfer between these NCs due to the inhomogeneous size distribution. Thus, in principle, for fine tuning of the collective color of NCs for color-conversion LEDs, it is important to control the energy transfer by changing the integrated number of NCs.
Advanced photomask repair technology for 65-nm lithography: II (2004)

The 65nm photomasks have to meet tight specifications and improve the production yield due to high production cost. The 65nm optical lithography has two candidates, 157nm and 193nm, and we are developing two types of experimental photomask repair systems, FIB and EB, for the 65nm generation. We designed and developed experimental EB and FIB system that are beta systems. The construction of these systems was the same design except the each column. The platforms of beta systems consist of anti-vibration design to reduce outer disturbance for repair accuracy. Furthermore, we developed a new CPU control system, especially the new beam-scanning control system that makes it possible to control the beam position below nanometer order. These developments will suppress transmission loss and improve repair accuracy of the systems. We also adopt the 6-inch mask SMIF pod system and the CAD data linkage system that matches the EB mask data image with the SED image to search defects in photomasks with sophisticated patterns such as OPC patterns. We evaluated the EB and FIB beta systems with AIMS, LWM and AFM. EB and FIB beta systems were able to deposit carbon film and etch chrome, quartz, and MoSi. Furthermore, We confirmed that repair accuracy is 3&#963; below 10nm and transmission is over 97%. We also confirmed that CAD linkage was able to repair sophisticated pattern completely. In this paper, we report the photomask defect repair experimental systems for the 65nm generation.
Short-range sensing for crash avoidance systems (2017)

This tutorial addresses three major topics: 1) the national initiative for crash avoidance systems; 2) the sensing requirements for implementing crash avoidance countermeasure functions; and 3) a view of the evolving market for sensor-based products.
Mirrored by Our Machines (2000)

A mirror is a strange device. Stand in front of one and what comes back is not the you that you know. Rather, it is you, turned about and shown to you in a crazy literal way. You see the exact reverse of what others see when they look at you. If a photographer hands you a picture (taken in just the right way) of me standing before a mirror, you might have a hard time telling which is the reflection and which is the reality. Mirrors put us off balance by being both literal and subtle at the same time. When I call our technologies mirrors of ourselves I do not do so lightly. An alien looking at Earth for the first time would certainly seek to know us by gazing upon our reflection in our machines. Indeed, that is what anthropologists do when they examine the alien skeletons of our ancient forebears. Before anthropologists identify a particular primate skull as human, they search the area where they found it for evidence of toolmaking. The very word technology helps us understand this process. The Greek word Tεχνη (or techne) describes art and skill in making things. Tεχνη is the work of a sculptor, a stonemason, a composer, or an engineer. The suffix -ology means the study or the lore of something. Technology is the knowledge of making things. Some people have argued that we should not call our species Homo sapiens, “the wise ones,” but rather Homo technologies, “they who use Tεχνη,” for that is who we are. There is more to Tεχνη+ology than that. We freed our hands by walking on our hind legs before we took up toolmaking, and we made our earliest stone tools some 2.4 million years ago, while our skulls still accommodated a relatively small brain. Our capacity for thought began to grow as we created increasingly sophisticated implements. Technology has driven our brains. Our expanded physical capabilities made technology—extended toolmaking—inevitable. Technology has, in turn, expanded our minds and fed itself. At first, the notion that technology drives our minds may be surprising.
Analysis of Resonant Re-Radiation and Re-Reflection of Waveguide Waves by the Method of One-Dimensional Integral Equations (2007)

Summary form only given. Application of one-dimensional integral equations to simulating complicated elements of waveguide techniques provides the possibility for a correct description of different resonant situations, sharp edges, and transitions to multimode systems and cut-off sections. Note that areas of applicability of integral equations and methods of their application to-date have yet to be completely established and elaborated. The present report considers two possible methods for setting up problems of scattering of waveguide waves caused by different complicated irregularities in axisymmetric and planar systems. In addition, problems of eigenwaves in waveguides with periodically placed scattering bodies are stated. The obtained Fredholm integral equations of the second kind have no need for regularization, and their kernels are presented in a form that is convenient for numerical calculations. Results of the investigation of re-radiation and re-reflection caused by different resonant elements, including those that contain dielectric insertions, are given. In addition, re-radiation of waves caused by smooth irregularities near cut-off sections is considered.
Effect of Carbon Nanotube-Metal Hybrid Particle Exposure to Freshwater Algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (2018)

We demonstrate for the first time the toxicity of carbon nanotube (CNT) metal hybrids on freshwater algae. Carbon nanotube-silver (CNT-Ag) and platinum hybrids (CNT-Pt) were synthesized and exposed to Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii), and their toxicity was compared to the pure metal salts. Interactions between CNT-metal and algae were studied using electron microscopy and it was observed that while outer membrane of the algal cell was damaged as a result of Ag<sup>+</sup> toxicity from pure Ag, the CNT-Ag only caused the distortion of the cell wall. It was also observed that the CNT-Ag particles could be internalized and enclosed in internal vesicles in the algal cells. Long-term exposure of the CNT-metals showed delay in algal growth. CNT-Ag at a concentration of 5.0 mg/L showed 90% growth inhibition and also showed a significant effect on photosynthetic yield with a 21% drop compared to the control. It was observed that pure silver was more toxic compared with CNT-Ag for both growth and photosynthesis in the 96-hour exposure. In general, CNT-Pt showed significantly less toxic effects on the algae than CNT-Ag. Based on this study, it is postulated that the CNT suppressed the release of Ag<sup>+</sup> from CNT-Ag hybrids, thus reducing overall toxicity.
Impurity and laser-induced damage in the growth sectors of rapidly grown DKP crystals (1997)

We report the experimental results of impurity contamination and laser-induced damage investigations on rapidly grown potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals. Using absorption spectroscopy and chemical analysis, we determined the impurity distribution in the different growing sectors of KDP single crystals. The level of impurity was dependent on starting materials and growth rate. We also studied influence of impurities on laser-induced damage in fast grown KDP. The laser damage threshold (LDT) in the impurity-rich prismatic sector is same as in the high purity pyramidal sector within experimental error. Meanwhile, the LDT at the boundary of the prismatic and pyramidal sectors is less than half of that in the bulk. Furthermore, we found that the thermal annealing of the crystal eliminated the weakness of this sector boundary and increased its LDT to the same level as in the bulk of the crystal. Result suggests that the laser damage occurred in the vicinity of a high; localized strain field.
The Capacity of Count-Constrained ICI-Free Systems (2019)

A Markov chain approach is applied to determine the capacity of a general class of q-ary ICI-free constrained systems that satisfy an arbitrary count constraint.
Application of the equivalence theorem to simulate GOSAT observation data under cirrus-present condition (2006)

We describe an original methodology to account for aerosol and cirrus cloud contributions to reflected sunlight. This method can be applied to the problem of retrieving greenhouse gases from satellite-observed data and is based on the equivalence theorem with further parameterization of the photon path-length probability density function (PPDF). Monte Carlo simulation was used to validate this parameterization for a vertically non-homogeneous atmosphere including an aerosol layer and cirrus clouds. Initial approximation suggests that the PPDF depends on four parameters that can be interpreted as the effective cloud height, cloud relative reflectance, and two additional factors to account for photon path-length distribution under the cloud. We demonstrate that these parameters can be efficiently retrieved from the nadir radiance measured in the oxygen A-band and from the H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated area of the CO<sub>2</sub> 2.0 ?m spectral band.
Instant Low‐Temperature Cross‐Linking of Poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) for Solution‐Processed Multilayer Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2014)

Poly(N-vinylcarbazole) undergoes cross-linking to highly solvent-resistant films through an oxidative coupling reaction, for which an annealing process takes only 3 min at 110 °C. This reaction allows the construction of a solution-processed multilayer OLED without a time-consuming annealing process. The maximum external quantum efficiency reaches 18%, and remains at 17%, even at a high brightness of 10 000 cd m(-2) for all-solution-processed blue OLEDs.
Novel processing of lithium manganese silicate nanomaterials for Li-ion battery applications (2012)

Lithium manganese silicate positive electrode materials have received great attention because of the two lithium ion capacities and can be realized in ultrafine nanoparticles due to their low volumetric changes upon lithium insertion and extraction. A supercritical fluid process has been adopted to synthesize monodisperse Li2MnSiO4 ultrafine particles and hierarchical nanostructures with a mean particle diameter of 4–5 nm and successfully shown to attain a high electrochemical performance. A reversible capacity (190–220 mA h g−1) of more than one lithium ion was obtained for the ultrafine monodisperse nanoparticles and hierarchical nanostructures with good cyclability. The enhanced cyclability was found to be due to the monodisperse nanoparticles, which provide a short length for Li-ion diffusion, and possess low volumetric changes. In addition, the varyingly sized Li2MnSiO4 particles were also synthesized via a supercritical fluid process. This process is simple, rapid, energy saving and broadly applicable to other functional materials.
Practical Codebook Design for Limited Feedback Spatial Multiplexing (2008)

Codebook design for limited feedback Spatial Multiplexing commonly relies on the assumption of i.i.d. Rayleigh fading. It is well known that realistic MIMO channels may exhibit large correlation and/or dominant components and that antennas could be dual-polarized. Hence there is much appeal to come up with design criteria that can cope with such a large distribution of propagation conditions. In this paper, efficient ways to design high-performance and low-complexity codebooks for limited feedback-based Spatial Multiplexing evolving in various environments are provided. In particular, new design criteria are derived for transmit correlated and dual-polarized scenarios. Some of the codebook structures derived in this paper are components of the codebooks accepted in 3GPP LTE. Simulation examples are provided to confirm the proposed criteria.
Transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction study of the short-range ordering structure of α-LiFeO2 (2004)

The basic structure of alpha-LiFeO2, lithium iron oxide, is a cubic NaCl-type structure with a lattice constant of 0.42 nm; some short-range ordering characterized by octahedral clusters exists. The local structure of the short-range ordering was investigated by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. A new short-range ordering structure was found in local areas. The local structure has a cubic lattice with a doubled lattice constant. The occupation factors of cations on Wyckoff sites 4(a) and 4(b) are different from those on 24(d) sites, but the stoichiometric composition in cubic clusters is the same as the macroscopic composition. The number of pairs in which iron cations exist in nearest-neighbor sites and next nearest-neighbor sites is reduced in the structure. This means that a magnetic interaction between the iron cations is reduced by cation ordering even without spin ordering at room temperature.
The origin of an efficiency improving “light soaking” effect in SnO2 based solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (2012)

We observe a strong “light-soaking” effect in SnO2 based solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (SDSCs). Both with and without the presence of UV light, the device's short-circuit photocurrent and efficiency increase significantly over 20–30 minutes, until steady-state is achieved. We demonstrate that this is not due to improved charge collection and investigate the charge generation dynamics employing optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy. We observe a monotonic speeding-up of the generation of free-electrons in the SnO2 conduction band as a function of the light-soaking time. This improved charge generation can be explained by a positive shift in the conduction band edge or, alternatively, an increase in the density of states (DoS) at the energy at which photoinduced electron transfer occurs. To verify this hypothesis, we perform capacitance and charge extraction measurements which indicate a shift in the surface potential of SnO2 of up to 70 mV with light soaking. The increased availability of states into which electrons can be transferred justifies the increase in both the charge injection rate and ensuing photocurrent. The cause for the shift in surface potential is not clear, but we postulate that it is due to the photoinduced charging of the SnO2 inducing a rearrangement of charged species or loss of surface oxygen at the dye-sensitized heterojunction. Understanding temporally evolving processes in DSCs is of critical importance for enabling this technology to operate optimally over a prolonged period of time. This work specifically highlights important changes that can occur at the dye-sensitized heterojunction, even without direct light absorption in the metal oxide.
Clinical Tumor Sequencing: An Incidental Casualty of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics Recommendations for Reporting of Incidental Findings (2014)

In 2013, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) issued recommendations for reporting incidental findings, defined as results of potential medical utility that are not related to the indication for ordering the sequencing test, in a panel of 56 disease-associated genes when performing clinical exome and genome sequencing.1 Given the increasing use of clinical sequencing for characterization of both germline and tumor genomes in diverse clinical settings, these recommendations reflect careful consideration of the complex issues related to these tests. Unsurprisingly, they have provoked vigorous discussion and debate regarding issues of patient autonomy and the ethics of returning results for pediatric patients.2–6 Although there has been comparatively little discussion of the impact of these recommendations on testing of tumor specimens,7 the scope of these recommendations does extend beyond germline genetic testing into the realm of tumor-focused testing with the statement that “incidental variants should be reported for the normal sample of a tumor-normal sequenced dyad.”
Extending constellation shaping by shell mapping method to reduce the peak and average power of space-time block coded OFDM systems (2012)

We extend our constellation shaping by shell mapping method of reducing the peak and average power of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals using quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) on all subcarriers from single transmit antenna systems to multiple transmit antennas systems. We consider space-time block codes that are designed for maximum antenna diversity and start from the observation that all the columns of the transmit matrix have the same power. The constellation shaping by shell mapping first groups the two-dimensional (2D) QAM symbols into rings; our main point is that we group length-L rings into a super-ring, where L is the number of rows of the transmit matrix. An OFDM frame has length N = L·Q. The super-rings are further grouped into shells, each shell being an ordered set of length-Q super-rings. To support the validity of our approach, we give illustrative examples for L = 2 and L = 4.