gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiretroviral drugs and tobacco smoke dysregulate human platelets: A novel investigation into the etiology of HIV co-morbid cardiovascular disease. (2017)

Abstract While antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) successfully suppress Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), HIV-infected persons still have a shorter lifespan and are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to uninfected persons. CVD is the number one cause of death globally, and is now appreciated as an inflammatory disease. HIV-infected persons experience chronic inflammation, thought to be caused by low levels of HIV proteins, daily use of ARVs, and increased rates of smoking. The impact of ARVs on CVD risk remains unclear, with some studies linking ARVs to CVD. Additionally, when controlled for smoking status HIV-infected persons were still at greater risk for CVD. Platelets are important in the development of CVD, but the effects of ARVs on platelets are unstudied. Additionally, cigarette smoke is known to activate platelets, inducing inflammation. Our novel study investigates the effects of ARVs and cigarette smoke, alone and in combination, on human platelet function. Our striking in vitro findings demonstrate that the ARVs Ritonavir and Darunavir, as well as cigarette smoke, dysregulate platelet function. Treatment with the protease inhibitor Ritonavir resulted in a dose-dependent increase in platelet production of proinflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (p&amp;lt;0.001). Additionally, when combined with cigarette smoke, Darunavir induced production of PGE2 (p&amp;lt;0.01). Combined doses of Ritonavir and Darunavir at physiological concentrations inhibited platelet spreading, similar to the effect of cigarette smoke. We hypothesize that cigarette smoke and ARVs act in combination to activate platelets and thus contribute to the chronic inflammation which leads to CVD.
Robust MR elastography stiffness quantification using a localized divergence free finite element reconstruction (2017)

As disease often alters structural and functional properties in tissue, the noninvasive measurement of material stiffness in vivo is desirable. Magnetic resonance elastography provides an approach to in vivo tissue characterization, using images of wave motion in tissue and biomechanical principles to reconstruct and quantify stiffness. Successful clinical translation of this technology requires stiffness reconstruction algorithms that are robust, easy to manage, and fast. In this paper, a reconstruction method is presented which addresses these issues by using a local compact divergence-free reconstruction kernel coupled with non-physical constraint elimination and inverse residual weighting to reliably reconstruct stiffness. The proposed technique is compared with local curl reconstructions and global stiffness-pressure reconstructions across two ground-truth phantoms as well as in vivo data sets. Sensitivity analysis is also performed, assessing the variability of reconstruction results and robustness to noise. It is shown that the proposed method can be robustly applied across data sets, is less sensitive to noise, attains comparable (or improved) accuracy, provides better correlation to anatomical features, and can be completed in short timescales.
Nonlinear behaviors of LTG-GaAs based MSM TWPDs under telecommunication wavelength excitation (2003)

Summary form only given. Recently, record-high power-bandwidth-product performances of low-temperature-grown-GaAs-based metal-semiconductor-metal traveling-wave-photodetector (MSM TWPD) in short (/spl sim/800 nm) and long wavelength (/spl sim/1300 nm) regimes both have been demonstrated due to short carrier trapping time of LTG-GaAs at both wavelengths and its superior microwave guiding structure. The observed nonlinear saturation behaviors of LTG-GaAs MSM TWPD under long and short wavelength excitation are very different. MSM TWPD structures at these two operating wavelengths are the same, except that the device absorption lengths in the long and short wavelength regimes are 70 /spl mu/m and 10 /spl mu/m respectively due to different modal absorption constants. We employed Cr/sup 4+/:forsterite and Ti:sapphire lasers operating at 1230 nm and 800 nm as the light sources for the transient electro-optical (EO) sampling measurements. The dominant absorption processes of LTG-GaAs under long wavelength excitation is the transition from mid-gap defect states to the conduction band. The dominant transport carrier type is electron. Some immobile vacancies also existed in the mid-gap defect states of LTG-GaAs photo-absorption layer after excitation. In order to support charge neutrality, electrons must be re-injected from the negative electrode to neutralize these leftover vacancies. The dominant absorption processes of LTG-GaAs under short wavelength excitation is the transition from valence band to conduction band. Electron and hole are both the dominant transport carrier types. Charge neutralization can be supported by electron-hole recombination. We believe that the distinct nonlinear saturation behaviors observed are thus related to these two distinct carrier transport dynamics.
Dual frequency liquid crystals: a review (2009)

We review the recent progress in developing high performance dual frequency liquid crystal (DFLC) materials. A new figure of merit is derived for evaluating the DFLC performance. The dielectric relaxation and electro-optical properties of several high performance compounds, which possess a positive dielectric anisotropy at low frequencies and a relaxation frequency in the kilohertz region, are presented. Potential applications of these compounds are discussed. Compounds with a negative dielectric anisotropy were also compared and discussed. Two experimental DFLC mixtures were demonstrated with one intended for room temperature operation and another for elevated temperature operation.
Transformational invariance in compact process modeling (2020)

Background: Modern one-digit technological nodes demand strict reproduction of the optical proximity corrections for repeatable congruent patterns. To ensure this property, the optical and process simulations must be invariant to the geometrical transformations of the translation, rotation, and reflection. Simulators must support invariance both in theory, mathematically, and in practice, numerically. The invariance of compact modeling operators has never been scrutinized before. Aim: We aim to examine manner and conditions under which optical simulations preserve or violate intrinsic invariances of exact imaging. We analyze invariances of Volterra operators, which are widely used in compact process modeling. Our goal is to determine necessary and sufficient conditions under which such operators become fully invariant Approach: We use theoretical analysis to deduce full invariance conditions and numerical simulations to illustrate the results. Results: The linear fully invariant operators are convolutions with rotationally symmetrical kernels. The fully invariant quadratic operators have special functional form with two radial and one polar argument and are not necessarily rotationally symmetrical. We deduced invariance conditions for the kernels of high-order Volterra operators. Conclusions: We suggest to use fully invariant nonlinear Volterra operators as atomic construction blocks in machine learning and neural networks for compact process modeling.
Synthesis of C-disaccharides (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of C-disaccharidesStefan A. Babirad, Yuan Wang, and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 7, 1370–1372Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00383a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00383a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views450Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Emission tomography of flame radicals (1988)

We describe a simple experimental arrangement for emission tomographic measurements of radicals in flames. Experimental determinations of two-dimensional spatially resolved distributions of excited-state CH in atmospheric-pressure flames are presented. Calibration of the distributions to absolute number densities is performed with a Rayleigh scattering technique. Methods for simultaneous recording of two to six emission projections and reconstruction from very few (two or three) projections are experimentally investigated. The potential of emission tomography with high temporal resolution for monitoring, e.g., explosions or turbulent flames, is discussed.
A combination of RBD and NTD neutralizing antibodies limits the generation of SARS-CoV-2 spike neutralization-escape mutants (2021)

Abstract Most known SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), including those approved by the FDA for emergency use, inhibit viral infection by targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Variants of concern (VOC) carrying mutations in the RBD or other regions of S reduce the effectiveness of many nAbs and vaccines by evading neutralization. Therefore, therapies that are less susceptible to resistance are urgently needed. Here, we characterized the memory B-cell repertoire of COVID-19 convalescent donors and analyzed their RBD and non-RBD nAbs. We found that many of the non-RBD-targeting nAbs were specific to the N-terminal domain (NTD). Using neutralization assays with authentic SARS-CoV-2 and a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus carrying SARS-CoV-2 S protein (rVSV-SARS2), we defined a panel of potent RBD and NTD nAbs. Next, we used a combination of neutralization-escape rVSV-SARS2 mutants and a yeast display library of RBD mutants to map their epitopes. The most potent RBD nAb competed with hACE2 binding and targeted an epitope that includes residue F490. The most potent NTD nAb epitope included Y145, K150 and W152. As seen with some of the natural VOC, the neutralization potencies of COVID-19 convalescent sera were reduced by 4-16-fold against rVSV-SARS2 bearing Y145D, K150E or W152R spike mutations. Moreover, we found that combining RBD and NTD nAbs modestly enhanced their neutralization potential. Notably, the same combination of RBD and NTD nAbs limited the development of neutralization-escape mutants in vitro , suggesting such a strategy may have higher efficacy and utility for mitigating the emergence of VOC. Importance The US FDA has issued emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for multiple investigational monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19. These mAb therapeutics are solely targeting the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. However, the N-terminal domain of the spike protein also carries crucial neutralizing epitopes. Here, we show that key mutations in the N-terminal domain can reduce the neutralizing capacity of convalescent COVID-19 sera. We report that a combination of two neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor binding and N-terminal domains may have higher efficacy and is beneficial to combat the emergence of virus variants.
What the Seller Won’t Tell You: Persuasion and Disclosure in Markets (2007)

I magine that you are considering an investment in a new public offering of afirm’s shares. The firm’s officers have visited your city to make a presentationthat included an audited financial statement, an earnings forecast reviewed by its prestigious investment bankers, and an impressive demonstration of its new technology. Should such a presentation convince you to invest? How concerned should you be if no mention was made about a rumored competitor with a different technology? An economist reflecting on these same questions might wonder: Does the firm’s need to convince naturally skeptical investors provide sufficient incen-tives for it to disclose accurate information in the right form and amount? Could regulations mandating disclosure improve the quality of investment decisions? What kinds of regulations are likely to be most helpful, and when? It is not only in the financial investment sphere that buyers rely on sellers to supply information. For example, suppose that you are buying a new furnace to replace an old one that is not working well. The salesman displays a chart showing that the projected total life-cycle cost of one particular model, including capital costs and fuel usage over the projected lifetime of the furnace, is lower than for competing models you have considered. Should you worry about what the salesman is not telling you? Might fuel usage costs be less important for an especially well-insulated home like yours? What other issues didn’t the salesman mention that could be relevant to your decision? If you talk to several sellers before buying, can you count on competition among them to bring out all the information you need to make a good decision? How does competition compare to regulation as a mechanism for encouraging sellers to provide valuable information to buyers? Modern economics textbooks emphasize that the problem of adverse selection
Thermal Stability of Various Cathode Materials against Li<sub>6.25</sub>Al<sub>0.25</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> Electrolyte (2017)

Thermal stability of LiCoO 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 and LiFePO 4 with Li 6.25 Al 0.25 La 3 Zr 2 O 12 (Al-LLZ) solid electrolyte was investigated at 300-800C. In the case of LiCoO 2 /Al-LLZ mixture, the XRD patterns and charge-discharge behavior did not change after the heat treatment at 800C. In contrast, the formation of impurities and degradation of cathode performance were observed for LiMn 2 O 4 /Al-LLZ mixture and LiFePO 4 /Al-LLZ mixture. The decomposition of Al-LLZ and the formation of some impurities were observed from 600C for LiMn 2 O 4 /Al-LLZ mixture, leading to decrease in the discharge capacity. In the case of LiFePO 4 /Al-LLZ mixture, the decomposition of both materials was started at 400C. These results indicate that the limit of heat treatment temperature for the formation of electrode/solid electrolyte system strongly depends on the kind of electrode material.
Lignin‐Retaining Transparent Wood (2017)

Optically transparent wood, combining optical and mechanical performance, is an emerging new material for light-transmitting structures in buildings with the aim of reducing energy consumption. One of the main obstacles for transparent wood fabrication is delignification, where around 30 wt % of wood tissue is removed to reduce light absorption and refractive index mismatch. This step is time consuming and not environmentally benign. Moreover, lignin removal weakens the wood structure, limiting the fabrication of large structures. A green and industrially feasible method has now been developed to prepare transparent wood. Up to 80 wt % of lignin is preserved, leading to a stronger wood template compared to the delignified alternative. After polymer infiltration, a high-lignin-content transparent wood with transmittance of 83 %, haze of 75 %, thermal conductivity of 0.23 W mK<sup>-1</sup> , and work-tofracture of 1.2 MJ m<sup>-3</sup> (a magnitude higher than glass) was obtained. This transparent wood preparation method is efficient and applicable to various wood species. The transparent wood obtained shows potential for application in energy-saving buildings.
Transfection of human HGF plasmid DNA improves limb salvage in Buerger's disease patients with critical limb ischemia. (2011)

Hepatocyte growth factor gene therapy is safe and effective for critical limb ischemia in patients with Buerger's disease.
MRI measurement of the functional blood flow changes in a large superficial vein draining the motor cortex (1999)

In this study, phase-contrast MR techniques are applied in order to measure the blood flow changes induced by a motor task in a large superficial vein draining the motor cortex. The measurements were applied to six healthy volunteers, in motor rest conditions and during performance of a motor task. The latter consisted of sequential finger-to-thumb opposition. The task was actually executed and mentally simulated. Significant blood flow increases were found when changing from from mental simulation to actual execution of the motor task (increases ranging between 1.6 and 10.3 ml/min, i.e. 9% and 45%, respectively) and from resting conditions to actual execution of the motor task (increases ranging between 1.7 and 14.0 ml/min, i.e. 32% and 72%, respectively). Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A Planar {Mn19(OH)12}26+ Unit Incorporated in a 60‐Tungsto‐6‐silicate Polyanion. (2011)

Abstract The new Mn II compound (III) crystallizes in the triclinic space group P $\bar 1$ with Z = 1 (single crystal XRD).
Understanding individuals' personal values from social media word use (2014)

The theory of values posits that each person has a set of values, or desirable and trans-situational goals, that motivate their actions. The Basic Human Values, a motivational construct that captures people's values, have been shown to influence a wide range of human behaviors. In this work, we analyze people's values and their word use on Reddit, an online social news sharing community. Through conducting surveys and analyzing text contributions of 799 Reddit users, we identify and interpret categories of words that are indicative of user's value orientations. Using the same data, we further report a preliminary exploration on word-based prediction of Basic Human Values.
Genotype Distribution and Sequence Variation of Hepatitis E Virus, Hong Kong (2009)

Most acute cases of infection with hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Hong Kong were autochthonous, sporadic, and occurred in older adults. All except 1 isolate belonged to genotype 4; most were phylogenetically related to swine isolates. The epidemiology is similar to that in industrialized countries, where zoonosis is the major source of HEV infection in humans.
Inflammatory Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Postoperative Myocardial Infarction After Cardiac Surgery (2006)

Functional genetic variants in cytokine and leukocyte-endothelial interaction pathways are independently associated with severity of myonecrosis after cardiac surgery. This may aid in preoperative identification of high-risk cardiac surgical patients and development of novel cardioprotective strategies.
Einleitung (2010)

Zivilisationen, die untergehen, implodieren im Regelfall; die vorkolumbianischen Kulturen, die von Europäern, also von außen zerstört wurden, stellen eine Ausnahme dar. Die Implosion ist charakterisiert durch zunächst extrem anschwellende Komplexität, die in einem Phasenübergang in radikale Reduktion von Komplexität übergleitet.
BODY WEIGHT AND DIETARY FACTORS IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE PATIENTS COMPARED WITH MATCHED CONTROLS (1981)

A longitudinal study using medical records has confirmed that, even when eating high energy diets, loss of body weight is characteristic of Huntington's disease patients in comparison with a group of matched control subjects. Further analysis showed that although some Huntington's disease patients initially may gain weight rapidly after a period in hospital, they eventually lose weight to below their admission levels. This pattern was not seen in the control group. The findings are discussed in terms of striatal pathology.
The Ge-on-Si Integrated Microphotonic Platform (2013)

During the past twenty-five years hetero-epitaxial structures of germanium on silicon have played three essential roles: i) a tool for the study of interface coherency at lattice misfit interfaces; ii) a basis for strain-scaling of channel mobility in silicon transistors; and iii) a foundation for monolithic integration of active photonic devices in silicon microphotonics. Coherency and strained silicon employ Ge as a minority constituent in SiGe alloys, while Ge microphotonic devices are comprised of near 100% Ge. The three topics share a common learning curve that has had major impact on information technology.
Partial least‐squares: Theoretical issues and engineering applications in signal processing (1996)

In this paper we present partial least‐squares (PLS), which is a statistical modeling method used extensively in analytical chemistry for quantitatively analyzing spectroscopic data. Comparisons are made between classical least‐squares (CLS) and PLS to show how PLS can be used in certain engineering signal processing applications. Moreover, it is shown that in certain situations when there exists a linear relationship between the independent and dependent variables, PLS can yield better predictive performance than CLS when it is not desirable to use all of the empirical data to develop a calibration model used for prediction. Specifically, because PLS is a factor analysis method, optimal selection of the number of PLS factors can result in a calibration model whose predictive performance is considerably better than CLS. That is, factor analysis ( rank reduction ) allows only those features of the data that are associated with information of interest to be retained for development of the calibration model, and the remaining data associated with noise are discarded. It is shown that PLS can yield physical insight into the system from which empirical data has been collected. Also, when there exists a non‐linear cause‐and‐effect relationship between the independent and dependent variables, the PLS calibration model can yield prediction errors that are much less than those for CLS. Three PLS application examples are given and the results are compared to CLS. In one example, a method is presented using PLS for parametric system identification. Using PLS for system identification allows simultaneous estimation of the system dimension and the system parameter vector associated with a minimal realization of the system.