gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Fe-V Redox Flow Battery (2017)

Energy storage is currently one of the major challenges for the deployment of renewable resources. A low cost, flexible, large-scale technology is required to store and buffer the fluctuated electricity production rate. The Redox Flow Battery (RFB) is a very promising candidate with long life-span, high efficiency, and suitability for large scale energy storage, enhancing the reliability of the power grid, and promoting energy independence of remote areas. One additional substantial advantage of RFBs is that power and energy can be independently adjusted. The current cost of conventional flow battery systems is relatively high. This is due to the use of expensive vanadium-base electrolytes, along with Nafion-based membranes. In this study, the V 5+ /V 4+ redox couple has been replaced with the Fe 3+ /Fe 2+ , which results in significant cost reduction. The illustrated Fe-V battery employs an FeCl 2 in HCl (aq) catholyte in one tank, and VCl 3 in HCl(aq) anolyte in the other tank. A graphite electrochemical cell was equipped with a Nafion® 117 membrane, on which two carbon felt electrodes were attached. A galvanostat/potentiostat was used to apply constant currents and potentials. In this direction, an experimental and theoretical analysis of the iron-vanadium flow battery was carried out, investigating the effect of temperature, charge/discharge rate, and state of charge on the performance/efficiency of the energy storage system. To characterize the battery, voltage efficiency measurements and polarization curves were carried out at each point. In this way, the suitable operation SOC range for employed loads that the battery serves, can be defined for best voltage efficiency and power output. The charge/discharge characteristics of the battery reveal an optimum operation temperature at ~47 o C and an optimum charging current of ~50mA/cm 2 for the state of charge range between 20% and 80%. Also, a small increase in the open circuit voltage with charging current was observed, indicating a slightly higher charging depth. The voltage efficiency as obtained by the finite-time galvanostatic charge and discharge cycles, strongly depends on the current J that is used. Efficiency measurements were performed for various SOC values using J from 300 to 800mA at 42 o C. Moreover, voltage and coulombic efficiencies achieve up to 85%. A mathematical model was built, based on the current exchange density obtained by the polarization curves for various operation conditions of the battery. The model concludes a negative asymmetry form to the energy barrier, to rate the determining half-reaction.
Multi‐directional anisotropy from diffusion orientation distribution functions (2014)

MDA provides a potentially superior measure of fiber anisotropy relative to conventional FA or GFA, and may be used to improve the assessment of disease in regions with multi-directional brain fibers.
Intramolecular .alpha.-amidoyl-to-aryl 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer reactions. Heteroannulation and .alpha.-nitrogen functionalization by radical translocation (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIntramolecular .alpha.-amidoyl-to-aryl 1,5-hydrogen atom transfer reactions. Heteroannulation and .alpha.-nitrogen functionalization by radical translocationV. Snieckus, J. C. Cuevas, C. P. Sloan, Hongtao Liu, and Dennis P. CurranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2, 896–898Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00158a075RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1790Altmetric-Citations132LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (398 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: ISOMERISIERUNG VON KONJUGIERTEN DIENEN UEBER DIE PHOTOLYSE VON METALLCARBONYL‐DIEN‐KOMPLEXEN (1970)

Abstract Untersucht wird die cis‐trans‐Isomerie, die bei der Bestrahlung von Lösungen auftritt, die Hexacarbonyl‐Wund die Isomeren der Diene (I) und (II) enthalten.
Quantum correlations in a noisy neutron interferometer (2014)

We investigate quantum coherences in the presence of noise by entangling the spin and path degrees of freedom of the output neutron beam from a noisy three-blade perfect crystal neutron interferometer. We find that in the presence of dephasing noise on the path degree of freedom the entanglement of the output state reduces to 0, however the quantum discord remains nonzero for all noise values. Hence even in the presence of strong phase noise nonclassical correlations persist between the spin and the path of the neutron beam. This indicates that measurements performed on the spin of the neutron beam will induce a disturbance on the path state. We calculate the effect of the spin measurement by observing the changes in the observed contrast of the interferometer for an output beam postselected on a given spin state. In doing so we demonstrate that these measurements allow us to implement a quantum eraser and a which-way measurement of the path taken by the neutron through the interferometer. While strong phase noise removes the quantum eraser, the spin-filtered which-way measurement is robust to phase noise. We experimentally demonstrate this disturbance by comparing the contrasts of the output beam with and without spin measurements of three neutron interferometers with varying noise strengths. This demonstrates that even in the presence of noise that suppresses path coherence and spin-path entanglement, a neutron interferometer still exhibits uniquely quantum behavior.
SDM Power-Efficient Ultra High-Capacity Submarine Long Haul Transmission Systems (Tutorial) (2020)

Submarine long-haul systems have a unique set of challenges to address the capacity demand. The tutorial will examine the need for power efficiency, SDM solutions for capacity and greater economy, and ways to move forward.
Tunable holographic gratings based on cross-linked liquid-crystalline polymers in nematic liquid crystals (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Holographic reflection gratings formed by photopolymerization of low concentrations of liquid crystal monomers in nematic liquids demonstrate greater than 150nm of red tuning when a direct current (DC) field is applied across standard liquid crystal cell. The band position is restored when the field is removed. Diffraction efficiencies are both polarization and temperature polarization dependent. Samples are prepared using various LC mixtures, formulated from 2wt% photoinitiator, 5~20 wt% liquid crystal monomers and positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystals. The basic tuning mechanism will be discussed, along with electric field, temperature effects on the optical performance.
Nonpeptide Arginine Vasopressin Antagonists for Both V1A and V2 Receptors: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties of 2-Phenyl-4'-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-1-carbonyl)benzanilide Derivatives. (1998)

A series of compounds structurally related to 2-phenyl-4'-(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine-1-carbonyl) benzanilide was synthesized and demonstrated to have arginine vasopressin (AVP) antagonist activity for both V1A and V2 receptors. The introduction of a hydrophilic substituent group into the 5-position of the benzodiazepine ring resulted in an increase in oral availability. Especially, the (3-pyridyl)methyl (31b), the 2-(4-methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-2-oxoethyl (32i), and the 2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)ethyl (33g) derivatives exhibited high antagonist activities and high oral availability. Details of the synthesis and pharmacological properties of this series are presented.
Superhard coatings on plastics by nanoparticles (2000)

Highly abrasion resistant surfaces on polycarbonate substrates have been prepared by coating them with inorganic-organic nanocomposites (NANOMER).The coatings show 2-4 % haze after 1000 cycles of Taber abrasion test (CS-10F, 500 g load).By overcoating the NANOMER layer with a second, very thin layer consisting of polymerizable nanoparticles, extremely high abrasion resistant coatings with less then 2 % haze after 1000 cycles of Taber abrasion test and an excellent adhesion (cross cut and tape test 0/0) were achieved simply by wet coating techniques.After dip coating and drying the NANOMER coating (thickness 5-7 m) at ambient temperature, the second coating with the polymerizable nanoparticles was applied "wet on wet" by dip coating as well and then cured at 130 C for two hours.The resulting thickness of the topcoat could be varied from 150 to 600 nm.The topcoated substrates showed excellent weather stability (no damage after a testing period of 700 h in the QUV test) and high chemical resistance.This technique offers the possibility of large area coatings by wet coating techniques (e. g. flow coating, dip coating) for architectural or automotive glazing.
Effective refractive index method for frustrated total reflection: application to measurement of flying height (1998)

In order to measure the spacing between an actual magnetic disk and a slider, we developed a flying height sensor based on frustrated total reflection (FTR). When optically measuring the flying height of a slider, the phase shift on reflection at the magnetic disk is a significant problem. In this paper, we describe the theoretical treatment of the problem, introduce the modified effective refractive index method, and measure the effective refractive index of an actual magnetic disk. The flying height on a magnetic disk was also measured using the obtained effective refractive index. The result was compared with flying height measurements measured by the traditional interference method. They agreed with each other, with an error of less than 2.5 nm.
Static Response of Microbeams due to Capillary and Electrostatic Forces (2015)

Micro-sensors or micro-switches usually operate under the effect of electrostatic force and could face some environmental effects like humidity, which may lead to condensation underneath the beams and create strong capillary forces. Those tiny structures are principally made of microbeams that can undergo instabilities under the effect of those created huge capillary forces. In fact, during the fabrication of microbeams, there is an important step to separate the beam from its substrate (wet etching). After this step, the microstructure is dried, which may causes the onset of some droplets of water trapped underneath the beam that could bring about a huge capillary force pulling it toward its substrate. If this force is bigger than the microbeam’s restoring force, it will become stuck to the substrate. This paper investigates the instability scenarios of both clamped-clamped (straight and curved) and cantilever (straight and curled) microbeams under the effect of capillary and/or electrostatic forces. The reduced order modeling (ROM) based on the Galerkin procedure is used to solve the nonlinear beam equations. The non-ideal boundaries are modeled by adding springs. The volume of the fluid between the beam and the substrate underneath it is varied and the relation between the volume of the water and the stability of the beam is shown. An analysis for the factors of which should be taken in to consideration in the fabrication processes to overcome the instability due to huge capillary forces is done. Also the size of the electrode for the electrostatic force is varied to show the effect on the micro-switch stability. A variation of the pull-in voltage with some specific beam parameters and with more than one case of electrode size is shown. It is found that capillary forces have a pronounced effect on the stability of microbeams. It is also found that the pull-in length decreases as the electrode size increases. It is also shown that the pull-in voltage decreases as the amount of fluid underneath the beam increases.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of dielectric constant for Si compounds (2006)

The authors measure the difference of core-level binding energy shifts for Si 1s and Si 2p, ΔE1s-ΔE2p, for various Si compounds using high-resolution high-energy synchrotron radiation. They find that the ΔE1s-ΔE2p values are in very good correlation with the dielectric constant values of the Si compounds. Using this relation, they deduce the local dielectric constant for each of the Si intermediate oxidation states formed at the SiO2∕Si interface. The results are in good agreement with values predicted by a first-principles calculation.
Ultrasound neuromodulation of an anti-inflammatory pathway at the spleen produces sustained improvement of experimental pulmonary hypertension (2023)

Abstract Background Inflammation is pathogenically implicated in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, it has not been adequately targeted therapeutically. We investigated whether neuromodulation of an anti-inflammatory neuroimmune pathway involving the splenic nerve using noninvasive, focused ultrasound stimulation of the spleen (sFUS) can improve experimental pulmonary hypertension (PH). Methods PH was induced in rats either by SU5416 (20 mg/kg SQ) injection, followed by 21 (or 35) days of hypoxia (SuHx model), or by monocrotaline (60 mg/kg IP) injection (MCT model). Animals were randomized to receive either daily, 12-min-long sessions of sFUS or sham stimulation, for 14 days. Catheterizations, echocardiography, indices of autonomic function, lung and heart histology and immunohistochemistry, spleen flow cytometry and lung single-cell-RNA sequencing were performed after treatment to assess the effects of sFUS. Results Splenic denervation right before induction of PH results in a more severe phenotype. In both SuHx and MCT models of PH, sFUS treatment reduces right ventricular (RV) systolic pressure by 25-30% compared to sham therapy, without affecting systemic pressure, and improves RV function and autonomic indices. sFUS reduces wall thickness, apoptosis, and proliferation in small pulmonary arterioles, suppresses CD3+ and CD68+ cell infiltration in lungs and RV fibrosis and hypertrophy and lowers brain natriuretic peptide. Beneficial effects persist for weeks after sFUS discontinuation and are more robust with early and longer treatment. Splenic denervation abolishes sFUS therapeutic benefits. sFUS partially normalizes CD68+ and CD8+ T-cells cell counts in the spleen and downregulates several inflammatory genes and pathways in nonclassical and classical monocytes, and macrophages in the lung. Differentially expressed genes in those cell types are significantly enriched for human PAH-associated genes. Conclusions sFUS causes dose-dependent, sustained improvement of hemodynamic, autonomic, laboratory and pathological manifestations in two models of experimental PH. Mechanistically, sFUS normalizes immune cell populations in the spleen and downregulates inflammatory genes and pathways in the lung, many of which are relevant in human disease.
Improving processor performance through compiler-assisted block reuse (2000)

State-of-the-art superscalar microprocessors are capable of executing multiple independent instructions per clock cycle by exploiting the Instruction-Level Parallelism (ILP) available in programs. However, the actual amount of exploitable ILP within a fixed instruction window with preset hardware resources is typically quite limited. On the other hand, researchers have observed that the values produced by the instructions exhibit considerable value locality, that is, the repetitive execution of an instruction often produces repetitive values. Hence, while its performance is limited by the exploitable ILP, the processor is doing redundant work. Value prediction and value reuse are two of the promising approaches addressing this issue. 
Value prediction improves the available ILP by allowing dependent instructions to be executed speculatively after predicting the values of their operands. Value reuse, on the other hand, tries to remove the redundancy by skipping the execution of redundant instructions. This thesis focuses on value reuse schemes. 
Previous value reuse mechanisms focus on a single instruction as the reuse unit. This research, however, shows that value reuse at larger granularities than an instruction could potentially further improve the performance of superscalar processors by skipping the execution of a number of instructions for each reuse-detection process. Basic-block reuse, sub-block reuse, trace reuse and function reuse schemes are studied in detail. These schemes cover the full spectrum of value reuse granularity from a single instruction to an entire function. 
Simulation results show that block reuse with compiler assistance has substantial potential to improve the performance of superscalar processors. In particular, it is shown that a block of instructions, such as a basic block or a sub-block, behaves like a super-instruction the exhibits a substantial amount of value locality. Basic blocks and sub-blocks provide a convenient link between the processor hardware and the compiler, allowing the compiler to influence and to help improve the performance of block reuse with only a reasonable amount of hardware. Finally, it is shown that block reuse outperforms reuse mechanisms based on other units.
A Compact Fully Passive Loop Filter-Based Continuous Time $\Delta\Sigma$ Modulator for Multi-Channel Biomedical Applications (2019)

For the first time, we present a generic, formal design and optimization method for a fully-passive loop filter based CTDSM. The presented method aims at the automatic design of compact, low energy and simple, fully passive CTDSM for multi-channel biomedical applications. The challenges involving high RC variations, low energy consumption and compactness for multi-channel applications necessitates automated design and optimization of the CTDSM. The proposed method uses a simple linear model to arrive at the loop filter transfer function and minimize the SNR degradation across RC corners while minimizing the area and power per channel. The method was implemented in Matlab and verified using Spectre simulations. For target ENOB of 9 bits and consumed energy of less than 60 fJ/conv a CTDSM was automatically designed using the proposed method and fabricated in standard 180 nm CMOS mixed mode technology. The CTDSM uses a fully passive second order modulator with the CIFF architecture eliminating active summer circuits. The measurement results show that the modulator achieves peak SNDR of 55.42 dB at 1V supply while consuming 61.2 fJ/conv and occupies an extremely small area of 0.068 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> making it the most compact reported CTDSM modulator among the low energy moderate resolution CTDSM.
Analytical Approach for Calculating Magnetic Field Distribution in Surface Mount PM Motor Including Stator Slot Effect (2019)

This paper presents an analytical approach to describe the magnetic field distribution in a slotted surface mounted permanent magnet motor. The novelty of the proposed approach is that the radial and tangential components of relative permeance are expressed analytically, which significantly enhances accuracy of field prediction including stator slot effects. This mathematical description can be adjusted by changing two key design parameters-slot depth and width. Furthermore, this paper introduces an analytical description of the tangential field distribution due to the winding, which leads to a purely analytical approach for calculating overall magnetic field distribution. Based on the derived expression for magnetic field distribution, the performance variables under any load conditions can be calculated. Finite element analysis has been used to verify the proposed analytical results, which match very well. This in-depth analytical study enables one to investigate the effect of slots with both radial and tangential components.
MACH1: nonuniform time-scale modification of speech (2002)

We propose a new approach to nonuniform time compression, called Mach1, designed to mimic the natural timing of fast speech. At identical overall compression rates, listener comprehension for Mach1-compressed speech increased between 5 and 31 percentage points over that for linearly compressed speech, and the response times dropped by 15%. For rates between 2.5 and 4.2 times real time, there was no significant comprehension loss with increasing Mach1 compression rates. In A-B preference tests, Mach1-compressed speech was chosen 95% of the time. This paper describes the Mach1 technique and our listener-test results.
ESTIMATION OF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PROBABLE RAINFALL BY REGIONALIZATION (2008)

Extreme environmental events such as rainstorms give severe consequences to human society. Magnitude evaluation of an extreme event for a given return period is an important step in planning of flood prevention facilities. The estimation of the spatial distribution of magnitude is difficult because extreme events are rare and the data record is often short. Regionalization resolves this problem by “trading space for time”; data from several sites are used in estimating event frequencies at any one site. Applying regional frequency analysis, regression analysis and kriging method to Miyagi prefecture, we have obtained the estimates and the accuracy for probable rainfall and discussed incorporation of orographic effects.
Numerical-Reconstruction Windows (2015)

SPIE Press is the largest independent publisher of optics and photonics books - access our growing scientific eBook collection ranging from monographs, reference works, field guides, and tutorial texts.
Dynamic Palmitoylation Links Cytosol-Membrane Shuttling of Acyl-protein Thioesterase-1 and Acyl-protein Thioesterase-2 with That of Proto-oncogene H-Ras Product and Growth-associated Protein-43 (2013)

Acyl-protein thioesterase-1 (APT1) and APT2 are cytosolic enzymes that catalyze depalmitoylation of membrane-anchored, palmitoylated H-Ras and growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), respectively. However, the mechanism(s) of cytosol-membrane shuttling of APT1 and APT2, required for depalmitoylating their substrates H-Ras and GAP-43, respectively, remained largely unknown. Here, we report that both APT1 and APT2 undergo palmitoylation on Cys-2. Moreover, blocking palmitoylation adversely affects membrane localization of both APT1 and APT2 and that of their substrates. We also demonstrate that APT1 not only catalyzes its own depalmitoylation but also that of APT2 promoting dynamic palmitoylation (palmitoylation-depalmitoylation) of both thioesterases. Furthermore, shRNA suppression of APT1 expression or inhibition of its thioesterase activity by palmostatin B markedly increased membrane localization of APT2, and shRNA suppression of APT2 had virtually no effect on membrane localization of APT1. In addition, mutagenesis of the active site Ser residue to Ala (S119A), which renders catalytic inactivation of APT1, also increased its membrane localization. Taken together, our findings provide insight into a novel mechanism by which dynamic palmitoylation links cytosol-membrane trafficking of APT1 and APT2 with that of their substrates, facilitating steady-state membrane localization and function of both.