gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wireless Connectivity and Localization for Advanced Air Mobility Services (2022)

By serving as an analog to traffic signal lights, communication signaling for drone to drone communications holds the key to the success of advanced air mobility (AAM) in both urban and rural settings. Deployment of AAM applications such as air taxis and air ambulances, especially at large-scale, requires a reliable channel for a point-to-point and broadcast communication between two or more aircraft. Achieving such high reliability, in a highly mobile environment, requires communication systems designed for agility and efficiency. This paper presents the foundations for establishing and maintaining a reliable communication channel among multiple aircraft in unique AAM settings. Subsequently, it presents concepts and results on wireless coverage and mobility for AAM services using cellular networks as a ground network infrastructure. Finally, we analyze the wireless localization performance at 3D AAM corridors when cellular networks are utilized, considering different corridor heights and base station densities. We highlight future research directions and open problems to improve wireless coverage and localization throughout the manuscript.
1028 Application of an Electrostatic Film Motor in MRI-related Biomechanical Measurement (2007)

This paper verifies the applicability of the electrostatic film motor as an actuation source in MR related biomechanical studies. The linear electrostatic film motor is MR-compatible, simple structure, and easily controlled by open-loop. A force sensor is developed using shielded strain gauges to monitor the applied force to the objects during the measurement. The developed system was tested against the human upper arm. Tagged cine MR images were obtained, and the obtained images clearly show the internal deformation of the upper arm under pushing force given by the electrostatic motor. Applied force was measured during MR scanning. Motion tracking calculations were conducted to evaluate the usability of the obtained images.
Layered Orthorhombic Nb2O5@Nb4C3Tx and TiO2@Ti3C2Tx Hierarchical Composites for High Performance Li‐ion Batteries (2016)

Engineering electrode nanostructures is critical in developing high‐capacity, fast rate‐response, and safe Li‐ion batteries. This study demonstrates the synthesis of orthorhombic Nb 2 O 5 @Nb 4 C 3 T x (or @Nb 2 CT x ) hierarchical composites via a one‐step oxidation —in flowing CO 2 at 850 °C —of 2D Nb 4 C 3 T x (or Nb 2 CT x ) MXene. The composites possess a layered architecture with orthorhombic Nb 2 O 5 nanoparticles decorated uniformly on the surface of the MXene flakes and interconnected by disordered carbon. The composites have a capacity of 208 mAh g −1 at a rate of 50 mA g −1 (0.25 C) in 1–3 V versus Li + /Li, and retain 94% of the specific capacity with 100% Coulombic efficiency after 400 cycles. The good electrochemical performances could be attributed to three synergistic effects: (1) the high conductivity of the interior, unoxidized Nb 4 C 3 T x layers, (2) the fast rate response and high capacity of the external Nb 2 O 5 nanoparticles, and (3) the electron “bridge” effects of the disordered carbon. This oxidation method was successfully extended to Ti 3 C 2 T x and Nb 2 CT x MXenes to prepare corresponding composites with similar hierarchical structures. Since this is an early report on producing this structure, there is much room to push the boundaries further and achieve better electrochemical performance.
Suppression of human tumor cell proliferation by Smurf2‐induced senescence (2008)

The limitation of proliferative potential in human somatic cells imposed by replicative senescence has been proposed as a mechanism of tumor suppression. The E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf2 is up-regulated during replicative senescence in response to telomere shortening, and induces senescence when expressed adventitiously in early passage or telomerase-immortalized human fibroblasts. To investigate the generality of Smurf2's control of cell proliferation, we have studied the effects of Smurf2 up-regulation on cell proliferation in early passage human mammary epithelial cells which normally do not show elevated expression of Smurf2 during senescence, and in 16 human cancer cell lines derived from both sarcomas and carcinomas. Here we report that Smurf2 up-regulation induced senescence in a wide variety of human cell types, including highly neoplastic cell lines. Consistent with our previous findings, the ability of Smurf2 to arrest cell proliferation did not require its ubiquitin ligase activity. Furthermore, expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 was increased in tumor cells undergoing Smurf2-induced senescence, and such increase occurred independently of the transactivation function of p53. Our results, which reveal a previously unsuspected tumor suppression function for Smurf2-induced senescence, suggest that modulation of Smurf2 action may be a useful strategy for inhibition of cancer cell growth.
10.92-Tb/s (273 × 40-Gb/s) triple-band/ultra-dense WDM optical-repeatered transmission experiment (2001)

With LD-pumped gain-shifted thulium-doped fiber amplifiers, polarization interleave multiplexing combined with wavelength/polarization demultiplexing for 50-GHz-spaced 40- Gb/s/ch WDM signals, and a transmission line optimization for triple-band systems, the first 10Tb/s WDM transmission in single fiber using S-, C- and L-bands is demonstrated.
Espresso (2006)

In this paper, we present Espresso, a weakly-supervised, general-purpose, and accurate algorithm for harvesting semantic relations. The main contributions are: i) a method for exploiting generic patterns by filtering incorrect instances using the Web; and ii) a principled measure of pattern and instance reliability enabling the filtering algorithm. We present an empirical comparison of Espresso with various state of the art systems, on different size and genre corpora, on extracting various general and specific relations. Experimental results show that our exploitation of generic patterns substantially increases system recall with small effect on overall precision.
Analysis of Apoptosis Protein Expression in Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer Suggests Opportunities for New Prognostic Biomarkers (2005)

Immunohistochemical assays directed at detection of certain combinations of apoptosis proteins may provide prognostic information for patients with early-stage colorectal cancer, and therefore could help to identify patients who might benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy or who should be spared it.
Optimization of phospholipid chemistry for improved lipid nanoparticle (LNP) delivery of messenger RNA (mRNA) (2021)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have been established as an essential platform for nucleic acid delivery. Efforts have led to the development of vaccines that protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection using LNPs to deliver messenger RNA (mRNA) coding for the viral spike protein. Out of the four essential components that comprise LNPs, phospholipids represent an underappreciated opportunity for fundamental and translational study. We investigated this avenue by systematically modulating the identity of the phospholipid in LNPs with the goal of identifying specific moieties that directly enhance or hinder delivery efficacy. Results indicate that phospholipid chemistry can enhance mRNA delivery by increasing membrane fusion and enhancing endosomal escape. Phospholipids containing phosphoethanolamine (PE) head groups likely increase endosomal escape due to their fusogenic properties. Additionally, it was found that zwitterionic phospholipids mainly aided liver delivery, whereas negatively charged phospholipids changed the tropism of the LNPs from liver to spleen. These results demonstrate that the choice of phospholipid plays a role intracellularly by enhancing endosomal escape, while also driving organ tropism <i>in vivo</i>. These findings were then applied to Selective Organ Targeting (SORT) LNPs to manipulate and control spleen-specific delivery. Overall, selection of the phospholipid in LNPs provides an important handle to design and optimize LNPs for improved mRNA delivery and more effective therapeutics.
Immunopathology of RSV infection: prospects for developing vaccines without this complication (2006)

Respiratory syncytial virus is the most important cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children. RSV clinical disease varies from rhinitis and otitis media to bronchiolitis and pneumonia. An increased incidence of asthma later in life has been associated with the more severe lower respiratory tract infections. Despite its importance as a pathogen, there is no licensed vaccine against RSV. This is due to a number of factors complicating the development of an effective and safe vaccine. The immunity to natural RSV infection is incomplete as re-infections occur in all age groups, which makes it challenging to design a protective vaccine. Second, the primary target population is the newborn infant, which has a relatively immature immune system and maternal antibodies that can interfere with vaccination. Finally, some vaccines have resulted in a predisposition for exacerbated pulmonary disease in infants, which was attributed to an imbalanced Th2-biased immune response, although the exact cause has not been elucidated. This makes it difficult to proceed with vaccine testing in infants. It is likely that an effective and safe vaccine needs to elicit a balanced immune response, including RSV-specific neutralising antibodies, CD8 T-cells, Th1/Th2 CD4 T-cells and preferably secretory IgA. Subunit vaccines formulated with appropriate adjuvants may be adequate for previously exposed individuals. However, intranasally delivered genetically engineered attenuated or vectored vaccines are currently most promising for newborns, as they are expected to induce a balanced immune response similar to that elicited to natural infection and not be subject to interference from maternal antibodies. Maternal vaccination may be the optimal strategy to protect the very young infants.
Topology optimization of microfluidic mixers (2008)

Abstract This paper demonstrates the application of the topology optimization method as a general and systematic approach for microfluidic mixer design. The mixing process is modeled as convection dominated transport in low Reynolds number incompressible flow. The mixer performance is maximized by altering the layout of flow/non‐flow regions subject to a constraint on the pressure drop between inlet and outlet. For a square cross‐sectioned pipe the mixing is increased by 70% compared with a straight pipe at the cost of a 2.5 fold increase in pressure drop. Another example where only the bottom profile of the channel is a design domain results in intricate herring bone patterns that confirm findings from the literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Analysis, Design And Evaluation Of Avcs For Heavy-duty Vehicles (1996)

In the longitudinal control problem for automated heavy-duty vehicles, an important control objective is string stability, which ensures that errors decrease as they propagate upstream the platoon. It is well known that when vehicles operate autonomously, string stability can be achieved by using speed-dependent spacing with constant time headway; however, this results in large steady-state intervehicle spacings, hence decreased traffic throughput. This disadvantage is even more pronounced in heavy-duty vehicles, which require larger time headways due to their low actuation-to-weight ratio. In this report we develop two new nonlinear spacing policies, variable time headway and variable separation error gain, which all but eliminate this undesirable side effect. The first policy significantly reduces the transient errors and allows us to use much smaller spacings in autonomous platoon operation, while the second one results in smoother and more robust longitudinal control. Furthermore, the two can be combined to yield even better robustness, as is shown through our qualitative analysis. Keywords Adaptive Cruise Control Advanced Vehicle Control Systems Automated Highway Systems Control Autonomous Intelligent Cruise Control Buses Commercial Vehicle Operations Control Algorithms Control Systems Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems Longitudinal Control Public Transit Speed Control Trucking Vehicle Follower Control iii iv Executive Summary The longitudinal control design for platoons of automated vehicles has to guarantee the desired performance not only for each individual vehicle, but also for the whole formation. A key property is string stability, which ensures that errors decrease as they propagate upstream the platoon. The fact that string stability can...
Feature Selection with Redundancy-complementariness Dispersion (2015)

Feature selection has attracted significant attention in data mining and machine learning in the past decades. Many existing feature selection methods eliminate redundancy by measuring pairwise inter-correlation of features, whereas the complementariness of features and higher inter-correlation among more than two features are ignored. In this study, a modification item concerning the complementariness of features is introduced in the evaluation criterion of features. Additionally, in order to identify the interference effect of already-selected False Positives (FPs), the redundancy-complementariness dispersion is also taken into account to adjust the measurement of pairwise inter-correlation of features. To illustrate the effectiveness of proposed method, classification experiments are applied with four frequently used classifiers on ten datasets. Classification results verify the superiority of proposed method compared with five representative feature selection methods.
Interstitial-resident memory CD8+ T cells sustain frontline epithelial memory in the lung (2019)

Populations of CD8<sup>+</sup> lung-resident memory T (T<sub>RM</sub>) cells persist in the interstitium and epithelium (airways) following recovery from respiratory virus infections. While it is clear that CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells in the airways are dynamically maintained via the continuous recruitment of new cells, there is a vigorous debate about whether tissue-circulating effector memory T (T<sub>EM</sub>) cells are the source of these newly recruited cells. Here we definitively demonstrate that CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells in the lung airways are not derived from T<sub>EM</sub> cells in the circulation, but are seeded continuously by T<sub>RM</sub> cells from the lung interstitium. This process is driven by CXCR6 that is expressed uniquely on T<sub>RM</sub> cells but not T<sub>EM</sub> cells. We further demonstrate that the lung interstitium CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cell population is also maintained independently of T<sub>EM</sub> cells via a homeostatic proliferation mechanism. Taken together, these data show that lung memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T<sub>RM</sub> cells in the lung interstitium and airways are compartmentally separated from T<sub>EM</sub> cells and clarify the mechanisms underlying their maintenance.
A comparative study on the clinical effects of rectal diazepam and pentobarbital on small children. Relationship between plasma level and effect. (1980)

In order to test the possible differences in the clinical effects between benzodiazepines and barbiturates, 5 mg of diazepam and 60 mg of pentobarbital were used in a double-blind study as rectal premedication in 75 small children before major surgery. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the six parameters tested (demeanour in the anaesthetic room, preoperative emetic effect, response to venepuncture, degree of salivary suppression, postoperative state in the recovery room, postoperative emetic effect). The concentrations of pentobarbital and diazepam (and its 3 active metabolites) in the plasma were determined by gas chromatography and correlated with the clinical effects. No significant correlation was found between the total active benzodiazepine concentrations and the clinical effects of rectal diazepam. In contrast to diazepam, a weak but significantly positive correlation between the plasma concentrations of pentobarbital and the total score was found. Similarly, the plasma level of pentobarbital and the response to venepuncture and the degree of salivary secretion were in correlation with each other. In the plasma concentrations of both pentobarbital and total benzodiazepines, a wide interindividual variation was observed, indicating irregular rectal drug absorption.
The Design and Analysis of Large Solar PV Farm Configurations With DC-Connected Battery Systems (2020)

Typically, solar inverters curtail or “clip” the available power from the photovoltaic (PV) system when it exceeds the maximum ac capacity. This article discusses a battery system connected to the dc link of an inverter to recuperate this PV energy. Contrary to conventional approaches, which employ two dc-dc converters, one each for the battery and solar PV system, the proposed configuration utilizes a single dc-dc converter capable of simultaneously operating as a charge controller and a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device. In addition to improving the overall system capacity factor, increasing the conversion efficiencies, and ensuring MPPT stability, the proposed configuration offers a simple solution for adding energy storage to existing PV installations. With this configuration, the excess power that will otherwise be curtailed due to inverter rating limitations is stored in the battery and supplied to the grid during periods of reduced irradiance. Moreover, a systematic methodology for sizing a dc-bus connected battery to minimize total PV energy curtailed was developed using an annual PV generation profile at the Louisville Gas and Electric and Kentucky Utilities E. W. Brown solar facility at Kentucky. The detailed behavior of the proposed system and its power electronics controls and operations were validated with case studies developed in PSCAD/EMTDC software for variable power generation and PV output power smoothing.
Influence of wall-attached structures on the boundary of the quiescent core region in turbulent pipe flow (2019)

The entrainment phenomena of the quiescent core region in a turbulent pipe flow are examined by characterizing the tall wall-attached structures of the streamwise velocity fluctuations. The quiescent core region is the uniform momentum zone with the highest streamwise velocity magnitude.
Procedure for audio-assisted browsing of news video using generalized sound recognition (2003)

In Casey describes a generalized sound recognition framework based on reduced rank spectra and Minimum-Entropy Priors. This approach enables successful recognition of a wide variety of sounds such as male speech, female speech, music, animal sounds etc. In this work, we apply this recognition framework to news video to enable quick video browsing. We identify speaker change positions in the broadcast news using the sound recognition framework. We combine the speaker change position with color & motion cues from video and are able to locate the beginning of each of the topics covered by the news video. We can thus skim the video by merely playing a small portion starting from each of the locations where one of the principal cast begins to speak. In combination with our motion-based video browsing approach, our technique provides simple automatic news video browsing. While similar work has been done before, our approach is simpler and faster than competing techniques, and provides a rich framework for further analysis and description of content.
Development of a Dark Matter Detector that Uses Liquid He and Field Ionization (2020)

Abstract We describe a new detector capable of directly measuring dark matter particles with masses as low as 1 MeV/ c 2 . The detector is based on the quantum evaporation of helium atoms from the surface of liquid helium and their detection using field ionization. When a dark matter particle collides with an atom in liquid helium, the deposited energy results in the evaporation of helium atoms from the liquid surface. A dense array of sharp, positively charged metal tips, known as the field ionization detector array, creates a strong electric field that ionizes the helium atoms and accelerates them into a calorimeter, which detects the impact. We studied field ionization from single tips and investigated the dependence of the ionization rate on the applied voltage. We discuss the results of these single tip field ionization experiments, as well as upcoming experiments, which will focus on studying the temperature dependence of field ionization of gaseous helium at low temperatures.
Performance and Application of Estimators for the Value of an Optimal Dynamic Treatment Rule (2021)

Given an (optimal) dynamic treatment rule, it may be of interest to evaluate that rule -- that is, to ask the causal question: what is the expected outcome had every subject received treatment according to that rule? In this paper, we study the performance of estimators that approximate the true value of: 1) an $a$ $priori$ known dynamic treatment rule 2) the true, unknown optimal dynamic treatment rule (ODTR); 3) an estimated ODTR, a so-called "data-adaptive parameter," whose true value depends on the sample. Using simulations of point-treatment data, we specifically investigate: 1) the impact of increasingly data-adaptive estimation of nuisance parameters and/or of the ODTR on performance; 2) the potential for improved efficiency and bias reduction through the use of semiparametric efficient estimators; and, 3) the importance of sample splitting based on CV-TMLE for accurate inference. In the simulations considered, there was very little cost and many benefits to using the cross-validated targeted maximum likelihood estimator (CV-TMLE) to estimate the value of the true and estimated ODTR; importantly, and in contrast to non cross-validated estimators, the performance of CV-TMLE was maintained even when highly data-adaptive algorithms were used to estimate both nuisance parameters and the ODTR. In addition, we apply these estimators for the value of the rule to the "Interventions" Study, an ongoing randomized controlled trial, to identify whether assigning cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to criminal justice-involved adults with mental illness using an ODTR significantly reduces the probability of recidivism, compared to assigning CBT in a non-individualized way.
Modeling of integrated monolithic transformers for silicon RF IC (2005)

We present a compact and scalable model for on-chip transformers fabricated in silicon IC technology. The model is driven from the layout and the process technology specifications. It is suitable for design optimization and circuit simulation. EM-simulation is used to validate the model. The proposed model shows excellent agreement with EM-simulation over a large frequency range (1-15 GHz).
Nitrogen dioxide pneumonitis in ice hockey players (1996)

Exposure to the toxic gases carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in indoor ice arenas occasionally occurs and may result in severe symptoms. The gases are produced by ice resurfacing machines operating on hydrocarbons, and in certain conditions toxic levels accumulate. The damage to lung tissues caused by NO2 may not be evident until after a latency time of 1/2-2 days. The role of corticosteroids in the treatment is controversial, but there are clinical experiences as well as experimental data supporting their use. We report two cases of toxic pneumonitis, with delayed onset, due to NO2 exposure during an ice hockey game in an indoor arena. Signs and symptoms were cough, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, hypoxaemia and reduced peak expiratory flow. Chest radiographs showed parenchymatous infiltrative lesions and alveolar consolidation. Both patients were treated with high doses of corticosteroids by inhalation and orally or intravenously. Their condition rapidly improved and pulmonary function was restored.