gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ein heteromeres Schlangengift und die molekularen Details der Schmerzempfindung (2012)

Dem Schmerz auf der Spur: Zwei Schlangengifte vereinen sich und bilden den heteromeren Komplex MitTx, der säureempfindliche Ionenkanäle (ASICs) aktiviert und Schmerz auslöst. MitTx wird verwendet, um die Rollen spezifischer ASIC-Untertypen bei der Schmerzweiterleitung zu untersuchen. Diese Erkenntnisse könnten neue pharmakologische Möglichkeiten liefern, um neue Behandlungsmethoden gegen Schmerz zu finden.
Production of the plant polyketide curcumin in Aspergillus oryzae: strengthening malonyl-CoA supply for yield improvement (2019)

The filamentous fungus <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> was recently used as a heterologous host for fungal secondary metabolite production. Here, we aimed to produce the plant polyketide curcumin in <i>A. oryzae</i>. Curcumin is synthesized from feruloyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl-CoA by curcuminoid synthase (CUS). <i>A. oryzae</i> expressing <i>CUS</i> produced curcumin (64 μg/plate) on an agar medium containing feruloyl-<i>N</i>-acetylcysteamine (a feruloyl-CoA analog). To increase curcumin yield, we attempted to strengthen the supply of malonyl-CoA using two approaches: enhancement of the reaction catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), which produces malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, and inactivation of the acetyl-CoA-consuming sterol biosynthesis pathway. Finally, we succeeded in increasing curcumin yield sixfold by the double disruption of <i>snfA</i> and <i>SCAP</i>; SnfA is a homolog of SNF1, which inhibits ACC activity by phosphorylation in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> and SCAP is positively related to sterol biosynthesis in <i>Aspergillus terreus</i>. This study provided useful information for heterologous polyketide production in <i>A. oryzae</i>.
Mutation in Hbv Rna–Dependent Dna Polymerase Confers Resistance to Lamivudine In Vivo (1996)

The (-) enantiomer of 3'-thiacytidine (lamivudine) has been found to be a potent inhibitor of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication. Mutation of methionine to valine or isoleucine at the YMDD (tyrosine, methionine, aspartate, aspartate) motif of the HIV reverse transcriptase has been shown to be responsible for lamivudine resistance in HIV. The hepadnaviruses also have the YMDD motif in their DNA polymerase. Therefore, it is possible that hepadnaviruses could develop lamivudine resistance by a similar mutation at this motif. We analyzed the HBV from a liver transplantation patient who developed recurrent HBV viremia during lamivudine treatment. The polymerase gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the region coding for the YMDD motif was sequenced. The pretreatment HBV sequence coded for YMDD, while the lamivudine-resistant mutant HBV coded for YIDD (tyrosine, isoleucine, aspartate, aspartate). With the documented changes in the YMDD motif of lamivudine-resistant HIV, it is likely that the methionine-to-isoleucine mutation in the YMDD motif of the HBV polymerase contributes significantly to the lamivudine-resistance of HBV isolated from this patient.
Electronic transport properties of thin films of WSi2and MoSi2 (1987)

The transport properties, resistivity and Hall coefficients have been measured from 4 to 300 K for WSi2 and MoSi2 films as deposited and after different annealing stages. In samples annealed at 1000 degrees C the room temperature resistivity is dominated by holes. The sign of the Hall effect changes in both disilicides at about 100 K. As-deposited amorphous samples display a very strong negative temperature coefficient of resistivity, characteristic of highly disordered metallic glasses; in these samples the Hall effect could not be measured. The samples corresponding to the resistivity maximum (after respective anneals at 550 and 600 degrees C), known to be already crystallised with a high density of stacking faults, also show a negative temperature coefficient; the Hall constant remains dominated by hole transport over the whole range of temperatures investigated. At room temperature the temperature contribution to the resistivity is 11 mu Omega cm for WSi2 and 19 mu Omega cm for MoSi2.
Optimization of x-ray spectra for bone mineral density and body composition measurements: theoretical study and experimental validation (2002)

Bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition estimates are commonly obtained by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements (DXA). Thanks to their high detection efficiency and good energy resolution at room temperature, semiconductor detectors are more and more utilized to discriminate energy channels for this application. Our purpose is to upgrade the measurements precision using this kind of detector. For a large range of patient morphologies, we simulate X-ray beam transmission measurements with realistic models of tube spectra, and investigate the opportunity offered by spectrometric detectors to cut the signal into n energy channels. By adjusting the channels boundaries, tube voltage and K-edge filtrations, we obtain the best configuration for a given type of patient according to a precision criterion. Furthermore, this configuration is found to be compatible with all the range of patients for BMD measurements. For this configuration, we validate our approach with experimental data acquired with a laboratory made CdZnTe detector.
Propene polymerization with a Mg(OC2H5)2‐supported TiCl4 catalyst, 3. The role of benzoyl chloride (1991)

Abstract The catalyst systems Mg(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 /benzoyl chloride (BC)/TiCl 4 and Mg(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 /ethyl benzoate (EB)/TiCl 4 were prepared for the polymerization of propene. In case of the Mg(OC 2 H 5 ) 2 /BC/TiCl 4 catalyst, BC changes into the internal donor EB during the in situ preparation of the catalyst and the unchanged BC acts as additional donor after reaction with triethylaluminium (TEA). Catalyst activity and isospecificity were also studied for the two catalysts by changing the amounts of BC or EB in the polymerization of propene cocatalyzed with TEA.
SiC Deep Ultraviolet Avalanche Photodetectors (2010)

Abstract : During the program, both 4x4 and 8x8 SiC APD arrays have been demonstrated with world-record single photon detection efficiency (SPDE) and dark count rate (DCR). Further advancements have been made with initial work exploring micro-lenses to enhance APD array performance, as well as the demonstration of APDs with 40% single photon detection efficiency (SPDE) with 1,000 Hz dark count rate (DCR) and 20% SPDE w/ <200Hz DCR. Off the shelf micro lenses were acquired and initial testing on SiC APDs tailored to their layout showed a nearly four-fold increase in photoresponse, but with a narrower field of view of about +/- 20 degrees. These are also best performance results as identified by GE in the literature to date for this technology. The best performing SiC APD arrays made by GE Global Research, will be integrated into specially designed ROICs from MIT-LL for a system-like demonstration. This is expected by the end of 2010.
Immunohistochemical detection of cytoplasmic LC3 puncta in human cancer specimens (2012)

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved catabolic process that involves the entrapment of cytoplasmic components within characteristic vesicles for their delivery to and degradation within lysosomes. Alterations in autophagic signaling are found in several human diseases including cancer. Here, we describe a validated immunohistochemical protocol for the detection of LC3 puncta in human formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cancer specimens that can also be applied to mouse tissues. In response to systemic chemotherapy, autophagy-competent mouse tumors exhibited LC3 puncta, which did not appear in mouse cancers that had been rendered autophagy-deficient by the knockdown of Atg5 or Atg7. As compared with normal tissues, LC3 staining was moderately to highly elevated in the large majority of human cancers studied, albeit tumors of the same histological type tended to be highly heterogeneous in the number and intensity of LC3 puncta per cell. Moreover, tumor-infiltrating immune cells often were highly positive for LC3. Altogether, this protocol for LC3 staining appears suitable for the specific detection of LC3 puncta in human specimens, including tissue microarrays. We surmise that this technique can be employed for retrospective or prospective studies involving large series of human tumor samples.
Independent regulation of prostaglandins and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 by interleukin-1β and hCG in human endometrial cells (2004)

PG are not involved in the regulation of MCP-1 production in endometrial cells. hCG appears to play a local function in the endometrium.
An Investigation for the Nonlinear Effects of Squeeze Film Damping and Electrostatic Forces on the Shock Spectrum of a Capacitive Accelerometer (2008)

This paper presents a theoretical and experimental investigation on the effects of squeeze film damping and electrostatic forces on the shock spectrum of a capacitive accelerometer. For the theoretical part, a single-degree-of-freedom system is used to model the device. Simulation results are demonstrated in a series of shock spectra that help indicate the nonlinear effects on the motion of a MEMS device. When squeeze-film effects are absent, the electrostatic forces soften the microstructure and increase its deflection significantly. A range of shock durations was found in which the microstructure experiences pull-in (pull-in zone). Larger pull-in zones are obtained as we raise the electrostatic force. On the other hand, the presence of squeeze film highly suppresses the deflection of the microstructure in the dynamic range and has minor effects in the quasi-static range. It is found in the other case that the microstructure experiences pull-in in the quasi-static range. Simulation results are compared to experimental data, showing excellent agreement.
The clinical implications of immunogenomics in colorectal cancer: A path for precision medicine (2018)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common malignancy and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Large multi-omic databases, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas and the International Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium, have identified distinct molecular subtypes related to anatomy. The identification of genomic alterations in CRC is now critical because of the recent success and US Food and Drug Administration approval of pembrolizumab and nivolumab for microsatellite-instable tumors. In parallel, landmark studies have established the prognostic significance of the CRC tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte and the clinical impact of the tumor immune microenvironment. As a result, there is a growing appreciation for immunogenomics, the interconnected relation between tumor genomics and the immune microenvironment. The clinical implications of CRC immunogenomics continue to expand, and it will likely serve as a guide for next-generation immunotherapy strategies for improving outcomes for this disease. Cancer 2018;124:1650-9. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
4. Diffractions Observed on Seismic Data (2016)

Selected papers illustrating diffractions on seismic data are presented in Chapter 4, including the responses to faulting, near surface anomalies, seafloor features, and topography. The seismic data examples illustrate the strong diffraction response of subsurface discontinuity or heterogeneity.
Temperature Estimation in a Battery String Under Frugal Sensor Allocation (2014)

In electric vehicle applications, batteries are usually packed in modules to satisfy the energy and power demand. To facilitate the thermal management of a battery pack, a model-based observer could be designed to estimate the temperature distribution across the pack. Nevertheless, cost target in industry practice drives the number of temperature sensors in a pack to a number that is not sufficient to yield observability of all the temperature states. This paper focuses on formulating the observer design and sensor deployment strategy that could achieve the optimal observer performance under the frugal sensor allocation. The considered observer performance is the estimation errors induced by model and sensor uncertainty. The observer aims at minimizing the worst-case estimation errors under bounded model and sensor uncertainty.
Differential reflection spectroscopy on InAs/GaAs quantum dots (2006)

In this report, we present the derivation of the differential reflection spectrum as has been reported in \emph{Phys. Rev. B} \textbf{72}, 195301 (2005).
Geoporphyrin analysis using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGeoporphyrin analysis using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometryGary J. Van Berkel, Miguel A. Quinones, and J. Martin E. QuirkeCite this: Energy Fuels 1993, 7, 3, 411–419Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef00039a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00039a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views187Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unseeded synthesis of Al-free Ti-β zeolite in fluoride medium: a hydrophobic selective oxidation catalyst (1996)

Al-free Ti-β zeolite spontaneously nucleates and grows in a reaction mixture containing tetraethylammonium and fluoride ions at near neutral pH, and shows an enhanced crystallinity and thermal and hydrothermal stability as well as a significant hydrophobic character.
Detection of the MYD88 L265P mutation in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia using a highly sensitive allele-specific PCR assay. (2012)

8042 Background: Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM) is a B-cell malignancy characterized by bone marrow (BM) infiltration with lymphoplasmacytic cells and production of an IgM paraprotein. By whole genome sequencing, we recently identified a somatic mutation (L265P) in the MYD88 gene in 27/30 (90%) WM patients (Treon et al, ASH 2011). To expand this finding for possible diagnostic testing, we developed an allele-specific PCR assay for MYD88 L265P and evaluated this assay in a large cohort of WM patients. Methods: An allele-specific PCR assay was developed with a threshold of detection of 0.125% for MYD88 L265P. DNA from bone marrow aspirates from 99 patients with the clinicopathological diagnosis of WM was used for assessment of MYD88 L265P expression by both allele-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing. Findings were correlated with clinical parameters using ANOVA. Results: We observed that 85/99 (86%) WM patients were positive for MYD88 L265P using the allele-specific PCR assay. Of the 85 allele-specific PCR positive patients, 81 demonstrated a detectable mutation peak by Sanger sequencing. All 14 allele-specific PCR negative patients remained negative by Sanger sequencing. By the allele-specific PCR assay, MYD88 L265P positive patients showed greater bone marrow involvement, higher serum IgM and lower serum IgA and IgG levels versus MYD88 L265P negative patients (p&lt;0.008). Conclusions: MYD88 L265P is highly expressed in BM samples of WM patients using an allele-specific PCR assay, and is associated with greater bone marrow disease burden and serum IgM levels. Use of allele-specific PCR provides a simple and sensitive diagnostic tool for detection of the MYD88 L265P mutation.
Ultrahigh power-bandwidth-product performance of low-temperature-grown-GaAs based metal-semiconductor-metal traveling-wave photodetectors (2002)

High-output-power and high-bandwidth performances are usually two tradeoff parameters in the design of high-speed photodetectors. In this letter, we report high peak-output-voltage (∼20 V) and peak-output-current (∼400 mA, 50 Ω load) together with ultrahigh-speed performances (1.5 ps, 220 GHz), observed in low-temperature-grown-GaAs (LTG-GaAs) based metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) traveling-wave photodetectors (TWPDs) at a wavelength of 800 nm. Ultrahigh-peak-output-power and ultrahigh-electrical-bandwidth performances were achieved due to the superior MSM microwave guiding structure and a short carrier trapping time in the LTG-GaAs layer, which reduced the space-charge screening effect and increased the photoabsorption volume without sacrificing electrical bandwidth significantly. We also observed different bias-dependent nonlinear behaviors in MSM TWPDs under high and low illuminated optical power excitations, which are possibly dominated by the space-charge screening and the lifetime increasing effects, respectively.
Near‐surface geophysics: A new focus group (2006)

AGU has established the new Near‐Surface Geophysics (NS) focus group in response to rapidly growing scientific studies of the ‘critical zone,’ the near‐surface environment where complex interactions exist between processes in hydrogeology geochemistry and geobiology among other disciplines. This new focus group will concentrate on processes occurring in the top 100 meters of the critical zone, which supports human infrastructure, provides water and mineral resources, is the disposal zone for much of the population's waste, represents a key component of many hazards assessments, and is the interface between land and atmosphere for many of the biogeochemical cycles that sustain life.
Directed Retinal Nerve Cell Growth for Use in a Retinal Prosthesis Interface (2004)

Using muCP to pattern surfaces with growth factors, individual neuronal processes from pure RGC culture and whole retinal explants can be directed to discrete sites on a microelectronic chip surface. By directing RGC neurite processes to specific sites, single cell stimulation becomes possible. This may allow discrete populations of retinal neurons to be addressed so that physiologic retinal processing of visual information can be achieved.
Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in cells expressing abl oncogene variants. (1991)

A phosphoinositide kinase specific for the D-3 position of the inositol ring, phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase, associates with activated receptors for platelet-derived growth factor, insulin, and colony-stimulating factor 1, with products of the oncogenes src, fms, yes, crk, and with polyomavirus middle T antigen. Efficient fibroblast transformation by proteins of the abl and src oncogene families requires activation of their protein-tyrosine kinase activity and membrane association via an amino-terminal myristoylation. We have demonstrated that the PI 3-kinase directly associates with autophosphorylated, activated protein-tyrosine kinase variants of the abl protein. In vivo, this association leads to accumulation of the highly phosphorylated products of PI 3-kinase, PI-3,4-bisphosphate and PI-3,4,5-trisphosphate, only in myristoylated, transforming abl protein variants. Myristoylation thus appears to be required to recruit PI 3-kinase activity to the plasma membrane for in vivo activation and correlates with the mitogenicity of the abl protein variants.
Program Equivalence (Dagstuhl Seminar 18151) (2018)

Program equivalence is the problem of proving that two programs are equal under some definition of equivalence, e.g., input-output equivalence. The field draws researchers from formal verification, semantics and logics. This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 18151 "Program Equivalence". The seminar was organized by the four official organizers mentioned above, and Dr. Nikos Tzevelekos from Queen-Mary University in London.
Supertagging: an approach to almost parsing (1999)

this paper, we have proposed novel methods for robust parsing that integrate the flexibility of linguistically motivated lexical descriptions with the robustness of statistical techniques. Our thesis is that the computation of linguistic structure can be localized if lexical items are associated with rich descriptions (Supertags) that impose complex constraints in a local context. The supertags are designed such that only those elements on which the lexical item imposes constraints appear within a given supertag. Further, each lexical item is associated with as many supertags as the number of different syntactic contexts in which the lexical item can appear. This makes the number of different descriptions for each lexical item much larger, than when the descriptions are less complex; thus increasing the local ambiguity for a parser. But this local ambiguity can be resolved by using statistical distributions of supertag co-occurrences collected from a corpus of parses. We have explored these ideas in the context of Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) framework. The supertags in LTAG combine both phrase structure information and dependency information in a single representation. Supertag disambiguation results in a representation that is effectively a parse (almost parse), and the parser needs `only&amp;apos; combine the individual supertags. This method of parsing can also be used to parse sentence fragments such as in spoken utterances where the disambiguated supertag sequence may not combine into a single structure. 1 Introduction In this paper, we present a robust parsing approach called supertagging that integrates the flexibility of linguistically motivated lexical descriptions with the robustness of statistical techniques. The idea underlying the approach is that the ...
Characteristics and Structural Requirements of Apical Sorting of the Rat Growth Hormone through the O-Glycosylated Stalk Region of Intestinal Sucrase-isomaltase (2001)

The apical sorting of the small intestinal membrane glycoprotein sucrase-isomaltase (SI) depends on the presence of O-linked glycans and the transmembrane domain. Here, we investigate the role of O-glycans carried by the Ser/Thr-rich stalk region of SI as an apical sorting signal and evaluate the spatial requirements for an efficient recognition of this signal. Several hybrid proteins are generated comprising the unsorted and unglycosylated protein, the rat growth hormone (rGH), fused to either the transmembrane domain of SI (GH-SI(TM)), or the transmembrane and the stalk domains (GH-SI(SR/TM)). Both constructs are randomly distributed over the apical and basolateral membranes of MDCK cells indicating that neither the transmembrane domain nor the O-glycans are sufficient per se for an apical delivery. Only when a polyglycine spacer is inserted between the stalk region of SI and the luminal part of rGH in the GH-SI(Gly/SR/TM) fusion protein does efficient apical sorting of an O-glycosylated protein as well as a time-dependent association with detergent-insoluble lipid microdomains occur. Obviously, the polyglycine spacer facilitates the accessibility of the O-glycans in GH-SI(Gly/SR/TM) to a putative sorting receptor, whereas these glycans are inadequately recognized in GH-SI(SR/TM). We conclude that the O-glycans in the stalk region of SI act as an apical sorting signal within a sorting machinery that comprises at least a carbohydrate-binding protein and fulfills specific spatial requirements provided, for example by a polyglycine spacer in the context of rGH or the P-domain within the SI enzyme complex.