gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Basis of Trotter-Suzuki Errors in Quantum Chemistry Simulation (2014)

Although the simulation of quantum chemistry is one of the most anticipated applications of quantum computing, the scaling of known upper bounds on the complexity of these algorithms is daunting. Prior work has bounded errors due to Trotterization in terms of the norm of the error operator and analyzed scaling with respect to the number of spin-orbitals. However, we find that these error bounds can be loose by up to sixteen orders of magnitude for some molecules. Furthermore, numerical results for small systems fail to reveal any clear correlation between ground state error and number of spin-orbitals. We instead argue that chemical properties, such as the maximum nuclear charge in a molecule and the filling fraction of orbitals, can be decisive for determining the cost of a quantum simulation. Our analysis motivates several strategies to use classical processing to further reduce the required Trotter step size and to estimate the necessary number of steps, without requiring additional quantum resources. Finally, we demonstrate improved methods for state preparation techniques which are asymptotically superior to proposals in the simulation literature.
Space optimizations for total ranking (1997)

Efficient ranking algorithms for similarity search use an inverted index to avoid scoring documents that have no overlap with the query. Nonetheless, partial scores must be maintained for a significant proportion of the collection. Previous work has focussed on heuristic partial ranking strategies to reduce the memory and time requirements at the cost of no longer computing the true ranks. We present two novel algorithms that efficiently compute the true total ranking with a fixed space requirement independent of the size of the collection.
A New Class of Simplified Phorbol Ester Analogues:  Synthesis and Binding to PKC and ηPKC-C1B (ηPKC-CRD2) (1999)

[formula: see text] A unique class of simplified phorbol ester analogues is described for the first time. A highly efficient retro-annelation sequence was developed in order to remove the five-membered ring from the phorbol diterpene core, allowing access to BCD ring analogues of the phorbol esters. The binding of these analogues to protein kinase C (PKC) and the truncated peptide eta PKC-C1B (eta PKC-CRD2) is also reported.
The mechanical reliability of transparent ZnO TFT transfer printed on the flexible substrate (2011)

In this study, we investigated the bendablity and reliability of transparent ZnO TFTs. Transfer printing method was used to make flexible ZnO TFTs. The PET was used as the transparent and flexible plastic substrate which thickness was 188 μm. The bending test and fatigue test were performed to evaluate the mechanical reliability. After reliability tests, the failure mode of ZnO TFTs was analyzed and its results were also confirmed by stress/strain simulation analysis.
2-Acylamido Analogues of N-Acetylglucosamine Prime Formation of Chitin Oligosaccharides by Yeast Chitin Synthase 2 (2014)

Chitin, a homopolymer of β1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues, is a key component of the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of arthropods. Chitin synthases transfer GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to preexisting chitin chains in reactions that are typically stimulated by free GlcNAc. The effect of GlcNAc was probed by using a yeast strain expressing a single chitin synthase, Chs2, by examining formation of chitin oligosaccharides (COs) and insoluble chitin, and by replacing GlcNAc with 2-acylamido analogues of GlcNAc. Synthesis of COs was strongly dependent on inclusion of GlcNAc in chitin synthase incubations, and N,N'-diacetylchitobiose (GlcNAc2) was the major reaction product. Formation of both COs and insoluble chitin was also stimulated by GlcNAc2 and by N-propanoyl-, N-butanoyl-, and N-glycolylglucosamine. MALDI analyses of the COs made in the presence of 2-acylamido analogues of GlcNAc showed they that contained a single GlcNAc analogue and one or more additional GlcNAc residues. These results indicate that Chs2 can use certain 2-acylamido analogues of GlcNAc, and likely free GlcNAc and GlcNAc2 as well, as GlcNAc acceptors in a UDP-GlcNAc-dependent glycosyltransfer reaction. Further, formation of modified disaccharides indicates that CSs can transfer single GlcNAc residues.
A ±2A/15A Current Sensor with 1.4 μA Supply Current and ±0.35%/0.6% Gain Error From −40 to 85°C using an Analog Temperature-Compensation Scheme (2021)

This paper presents a ±2A fully-integrated current sensor with a 20 mΩ on-chip shunt (resistor). It employs an energy-efficient hybrid sigma-delta ADC with an FIR-DAC and consumes only 1.4 μA, a 3× improvement on the state-of-the-art. A tunable analog non-linear temperature-compensation scheme (TCS) allows ±2A currents to be digitized with 0.35% gain error from −40 to 85°C. With a 3 mΩ PCB shunt, ±15A currents can be digitized with slightly more (0.6%) gain error. In a 0.18 μm CMOS process, the sensor occupies 1.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Concise Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzodiazepines and Structural Analogues (2011)

A general and highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of dibenzodiazepines and their structural analogues is reported. In the presence of catalytic quantities of palladium, readily accessible precursors are cross-coupled with ammonia and then spontaneously undergo an intramolecular condensation to form the corresponding dibenzodiazepines in one step. This new strategy is applicable to the construction of a wide variety of dibenzooxazepines and other structurally related heterocycles.
ACID ETCHING AS A NEW TECHNIQUE TO REVEAL THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN CELLS, BLOOD VESSELS AND BIOMATERIALS (2017)

Bone grafts are crucial for the treatment of bone defects caused by tumor excision. The gold standard is autograft but their availability is limited. Allografts are an alternative, but there is a risk of rejection by the immune system. The tissue engineering field is trying to develop vascularized bone grafts, using innovative biomaterials for surgery applications. While the gold standard in bone graft in dentistry is the use of decellularized bovine bone particles (Bio-Oss®), our work has produced a polysaccharide-based composite matrix (composed of PU llulan, D extra N and particles of H ydroxy A patite (PUDNHA), as a new scaffold for promoting bone formation and vascularization of the tissue. In the context of bone tissue regeneration, the function of osteoblast and endothelial cells has been extensively studied, while the impact of osteocytes has been regarded as secondary. Nonetheless, the osteocytes represent 90–95% of bone cells and are responsible for orchestration of bone remodeling. Here, we propose an original method to analyze the interaction between bone and biomaterials, after in vivo implantation of the matrix PUDNHA in an experimental sheep model. Our objectives are to analyze the network established by osteocytes in the newly formed tissue induced by the matrix, as well as their interactions with the blood vessels. Sheep have been implanted with the Bio-Oss® or the PUDNHA using the sinus lift technique. After 3 (3M) and 6 months (6M), the animals were euthanazied and the explants were fixed, analyzed by X-ray, embedded in Methylmetacrylate/Buthylmetacrylate and analyzed histologically by Trichrome staining. Thereafter, the samples (n=3/group) were polished using different sand papers. A final polish was realized using a 1µm Diamond polishing compound. The blocks were incubated 10 or 30s with 37% phosphoric acid to remove the mineral on the surface, then dipped in 2.6% sodium hypochlorite to remove the collagen. The samples were air dried overnight, metallized with Gold palladium the following day, before being imaged with a SEM. As expected, PUDNHA activates bone regeneration in this sinus lift model after 3M and 6M. X-ray analysis and histological data revealed more bone regeneration at 6M versus 3M in both groups. With this acid eching technique, we were able to visualize the interface of bone with the biomaterials. This treatment coupled with SEM analysis, confirmed the increase of bone formation with time of implantation in both groups. In addition, SEM images revealed that osteocyte alignment and their network were different in the new regenerated bone compared to the host bone. Moreover, images showed the direct contact of the osteocytes with the blood vessels formed in the new regenerated bone. This acid eching technique can be useful in the field of biomaterials to see the relationship between cells, blood vessels and the material implanted and understand how the new bone is forming around the different biomaterials.
Distributed rate control of smart solar arrays with batteries (2023)

Continued advances in technology have led to falling costs and a dramatic increase in the aggregate amount of solar capacity installed across the world. A drawback of increased solar penetration is the potential for supply-demand mismatches in the grid due to the intermittent nature of solar generation. While energy storage can be used to mask such problems, we argue that there is also a need to explicitly control the rate of solar generation of each solar array in order to achieve high penetration while also handling supply-demand mismatches. To address this issue, we present the notion of smart solar arrays that can actively modulate their solar output based on the notion of proportional fairness. We present a decentralized algorithm based on Lagrangian optimization that enables each smart solar array to make local decisions on its fair share of solar power it can inject into the grid and then present a sense-broadcast-respond protocol to implement our decentralized algorithm into smart solar arrays. We also study the benefits of using energy storage when we rate control solar. To do so, we present a decentralized algorithm to charge and discharge batteries for each smart solar. Our evaluation on a city-scale dataset shows that our approach enables 2.6× more solar penetration while causing smart arrays to reduce their output by as little as 12.4%. By employing an adaptive gradient approach, our decentralized algorithm has 3 to 30× faster convergence. Finally, we demonstrate energy storage can help netmeter more solar energy while ensuring fairness and grid constraints are met.
Innate defense regulator peptide 1018 protects against perinatal brain injury (2013)

IDR-1018 suppresses proinflammatory mediators and cell injurious mechanisms in the developing brain, and postinsult treatment is efficacious in reducing LPS-induced hypoxic-ischemic brain damage. IDR-1018 is effective in the brain when given systemically, confers neuroprotection of both gray and white matter, and lacks significant effects on the brain under normal conditions. Thus, this peptide provides the features of a promising neuroprotective agent in newborns with brain injury.
Solution‐Processed Zinc Oxide as High‐Performance Air‐Stable Electron Injector in Organic Ambipolar Light‐Emitting Field‐Effect Transistors (2010)

Abstract Electron injection from the source–drain electrodes limits the performance of many n‐type organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), particularly those based on organic semiconductors with electron affinities less than 3.5 eV. Here, it is shown that modification of gold source–drain electrodes with an overlying solution‐deposited, patterned layer of an n‐type metal oxide such as zinc oxide (ZnO) provides an efficient electron‐injecting contact, which avoids the use of unstable low‐work‐function metals and is compatible with high‐resolution patterning techniques such as photolithography. Ambipolar light‐emitting field‐effect transistors (LEFETs) based on green‐light‐emitting poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene‐ alt ‐benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) and blue‐light‐emitting poly(9,9‐dioctylfluorene) (F8) with electron‐injecting gold/ZnO and hole‐injecting gold electrodes show significantly lower electron threshold voltages and several orders of magnitude higher ambipolar currents, and hence light emission intensities, than devices with bare gold electrodes. Moreover, different solution‐deposited metal oxide injection layers are compared. By spin‐coating ZnO from a low‐temperature precursor, processing temperatures could be reduced to 150 °C. Ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) shows that the improvement in transistor performance is due to reduction of the electron injection barrier at the interface between the organic semiconductor and ZnO/Au compared to bare gold electrodes.
Workshop on mathematical/formal methods in information retrieval (MF/IR 2000) (2000)

article Workshop on mathematical/formal methods in information retrieval (MF/IR 2000) Share on Authors: Sandor Dominich View Profile , Mounia Lalmas View Profile , Keith van Rijsbergen View Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGIR ForumVolume 34Issue 1April 2000 pp 18–23https://doi.org/10.1145/373593.373617Online:01 April 2000Publication History 2citation295DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads295Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Tether-enforced reversal of regioselectivity: head-to-head [4 + 4] photocycloaddition of 2-pyridones (1996)

Symmetric 3,3′-attachment of a three-atom chain between two pyridones overrides the head-to-tail regioselectivity found in intermolecular photodimerization reactions and gives a nearly quantitative yield of the head-to-head [4 + 4] cycloadduct containing contiguous quaternary centres.
Dual-Band ADC Utilizing Switch Matrix (2009)

We have designed a multi-bit switch matrix for routing of digitized data streams from analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) to digital signal processors. A 2 times 2 version of the two-bit switch was designed and fabricated at HYPRES's standard 4.5 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> fabrication process. The switch was successfully tested and demonstrated at high speed. The switch has been used as a part of a multi-band ADC system, routing data streams from two modulators to two DSPs.
Alkylation of allylic derivatives. 13. Cross-coupling reactions of the isomeric 2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-2-naphthalenyl carboxylates with organocopper and Grignard reagents (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylation of allylic derivatives. 13. Cross-coupling reactions of the isomeric 2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-2-naphthalenyl carboxylates with organocopper and Grignard reagentsTed L. Underiner and Harlan L. GoeringCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 6, 1140–1146Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00241a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00241a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Microwave radiation curing of polymers: Using a temperature equivalent method for cure reaction analysis (2000)

Microwave curing has been shown to be a viable alternative to conventional thermal curing of polymers on the basis of significant reaction rate enhancements. Proper understanding of the microwave cure reaction kinetics has been hindered by the lack of an adequate basis relating the process to conventional thermal analysis methods. The rate enhancement obtained in microwave curing is shown to have been obtained from the decrease in the lag time prior to initiation of cross-linking, as well as, a decrease in the effective cure time. Phenomenologically, the shortening of the cure time is no different from a shortening achieved by a higher curing temperature, thereby providing a basis for relating the microwave cure process to thermal curing. This article attempts to relate the test results for both thermal and microwave curing by obtaining a temperature equivalent value using a phenomenological logarithmic approach. Results show that the equivalent temperature can be elucidated using a logarithmic plot of the cure times and the glass transition temperature. The values of the equivalent temperature so obtained were also consistently and significantly higher than the actual sample temperature during cure, confirming microwave curing to differ in mechanism from thermal curing. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 19: 194–202, 2000
SEIS first year: nm/s^2 (and less) broadband seismology on Mars and first steps in Mars-Earth-Moon comparative seismology. (2019)

InSight is the first planetary mission with a seismometer package, SEIS, since the Apollo Lunar Surface Experiments Package. SEIS is complimented by APSS, which has as a goal to document the atmospheric source of seismic noise and signals.

Since June 2019, SEIS has been delivering 6 axis 20 sps continuous seismic data, a rate one order of magnitude larger originally planned. More than 50 events have been detected by the end of July 2019 but only three have amplitudes significantly above the SEIS instrument requirement. Two have clear and coherent arrivals of P and S waves, enabling location, diffusion/attenuation characterization and receiver function analysis. The event’s magnitudes are likely ≤ 3 and no clear surface waves nor deep interior phases have been identified. This suggests deep events with scattering along their final propagation paths and with large propagation differences as compared to Earth and Moon quakes.

Most of the event’s detections are made possible due to the very low noise achieved by the instrument installation strategy and the very low VBB self-noise. Most of the SEIS signals have amplitudes of spectral densities in the 0.03-5Hz frequency bandwidth ranging from 10-10 m/s2/Hz1/2 to 5 10-9 m/s2/Hz1/2. The smallest noise levels occurs during the early night, with angstrom displacements or nano-radian tilts. This monitors the elastic and seismic interaction of a planetary surface with its atmosphere, illustrated not only by a wide range of SEIS signals correlated with pressure vortexes, dust devils or wind activity but also by modulation of resonances above 1 Hz, amplified by ultra-low velocity surface layers. After about one half of a Martian year, clear seasonal changes appear also in the noise, which will be discussed.

One year after landing, the seismic noise is therefore better and better understood, and noise correction techniques begun to be implemented, either thanks to the APSS wind and pressure sensors, or by SEIS only data processing techniques. These data processing techniques open not only the possibility of better signal to noise ratio of the events, but are also used for various noise auto-correlation techniques as well as searches of long period signals.

Noise and seismic signals on Mars are therefore completely different from what seismology encountered previously on Earth and Moon.
Long-term live-cell microscopy with labeled nanobodies delivered by laser-induced photoporation (2020)

Fluorescence microscopy is the method of choice for studying intracellular dynamics. However, its success depends on the availability of specific and stable markers. A prominent example of markers that are rapidly gaining interest are nanobodies (Nbs, ~ 15 kDa), which can be functionalized with bright and photostable organic fluorophores. Due to their relatively small size and high specificity, Nbs offer great potential for high-quality long-term subcellular imaging, but suffer from the fact that they cannot spontaneously cross the plasma membrane of live cells. We have recently discovered that laser-induced photoporation is well suited to deliver extrinsic labels to living cells without compromising their viability. Being a laser-based technology, it is readily compatible with light microscopy and the typical cell recipients used for that. Spurred by these promising initial results, we demonstrate here for the first time successful long-term imaging of specific subcellular structures with labeled nanobodies in living cells. We illustrate this using Nbs that target GFP/YFP-protein constructs accessible in the cytoplasm, actin-bundling protein Fascin, and the histone H2A/H2B heterodimers. With an efficiency of more than 80% labeled cells and minimal toxicity (~ 2%), photoporation proved to be an excellent intracellular delivery method for Nbs. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that cell division rate and migration remained unaffected, confirming excellent cell viability and functionality. We conclude that laser-induced photoporation labeled Nbs can be easily delivered into living cells, laying the foundation for further development of a broad range of Nbs with intracellular targets as a toolbox for long-term live-cell microscopy.
Bit-Stream control of three phase reversible rectifiers (2009)

Bit-stream is a new technique for controlling power electronics applications by interconnecting appropriate control elements inside an FPGA. This paper presents a Bit-Stream based controller for a three phase, 400 V / 7 kVA reversible rectifier, which is used to transfer power between an AC line and a DC bus in a controlled manner. The proposed controller is based on vector control techniques, which provide independent control of the real and reactive power flow through the rectifier, and is the first Bit-stream based vector controller to be reported in literature. The controller is implemented by interconnecting Bit-Stream controller blocks, which implement Clarke and Park's Transformations, phase locked loops, current controllers and space vector modulation. Simulations using Matlab / Simulink and ModelSim show that the controller successfully manages the power flow through the rectifier, and is not disturbed by sudden changes in the AC line voltage. The inherently parallel nature of Bit-Stream control systems ensures that the addition of extra functionality to the controller will not affect system performance, whereas microprocessor based systems may reach execution time limits as control complexity increases.