gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parkinson’s disease and multiple system atrophy have distinct α-synuclein seed characteristics (2018)

Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) are distinct clinical syndromes characterized by the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) protein fibrils in neurons and glial cells. These disorders and other neurodegenerative diseases may progress via prion-like mechanisms. The prion model of propagation predicts the existence of "strains" that link pathological aggregate structure and neuropathology. Prion strains are aggregated conformers that stably propagate <i>in vivo</i> and cause disease with defined incubation times and patterns of neuropathology. Indeed, tau prions have been well defined, and research suggests that both α-syn and β-amyloid may also form strains. However, there is a lack of studies characterizing PD- <i>versus</i> MSA-derived α-syn strains or demonstrating stable propagation of these unique conformers between cells or animals. To fill this gap, we used an assay based on FRET that exploits a HEK293T "biosensor" cell line stably expressing α-syn (A53T)-CFP/YFP fusion proteins to detect α-syn seeds in brain extracts from PD and MSA patients. Both soluble and insoluble fractions of MSA extracts had robust seeding activity, whereas only the insoluble fractions of PD extracts displayed seeding activity. The morphology of MSA-seeded inclusions differed from PD-seeded inclusions. These differences persisted upon propagation of aggregation to second-generation biosensor cells. We conclude that PD and MSA feature α-syn conformers with very distinct biochemical properties that can be transmitted to α-syn monomers in a cell system. These findings are consistent with the idea that distinct α-syn strains underlie PD and MSA and offer possible directions for synucleinopathy diagnosis.
Effects of refraction on synthetic aperture sonar imaging (1994)

Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) imaging in a refracting environment requires that refraction be accounted for in the image processing to avoid blurring of the images. In deep water, e.g., this requires some knowledge of the refraction sound-speed profile c(z). Ideally a ‘‘local’’ c(z) profile could be measured, but the measurement may only be valid for one platform position (not necessarily valid across the full synthetic aperture length) and at that one particular time. Historical data for c(z) may also be used for the region being imaged, but these data will not necessarily match the actual c(z) present during sonar data collection. This paper shows that SAS imagery in a refracting environment requires knowledge of the refraction for successful imaging, and that the refraction profile c(z) is a necessary part of matched-filter image processing. For a deep water example where the exact c(z) profile is unknown, the use of historical c(z) data and reduced Doppler bandwidth, reduced-resolution processing leads to useful sharp images that suffer only from incorrect bottom registration.
Complementary computing for visual tasks: Meshing computer vision with human visual processing (2008)

We explore the opportunity to harness electroencephalograph (EEG) signals generated during human visual processing to enhance computer vision systems. We review the challenging task of categorizing objects, such as faces, in images and then describe methods that can be used to combine the complementary competencies of human and machine computation to achieve improved recognition performance. We present the results of several experiments where brain signals, recorded from people examining images, are used to enhance the performance of vision systems on categorization tasks. We find that significant gains in classification accuracy can be achieved with the human-aided vision systems.
Improvement of NBTI and electrical characteristics by ozone pre-treatment and PBTI issues in HfAlO(N) high-k gate dielectrics (2004)

For the first time, we have investigated the effect of ozone (O/sub 3/) pre-treatment on the bias temperature instability (BTI) characteristics of high-k gate dielectrics. We found that O/sub 3/ pre-treatment improved NBTI and the electrical characteristics of HfAlON gate dielectric. We suggest that O/sub 3/ pre-treatment effectively suppresses the incorporation of the impurities (such as nitrogen (N), hydrogen (H) and water related species), resulting in the improvement of NBTI characteristics (-2.32 V operating voltage for 10 years lifetime). For the PBTI characteristics, the high-k gate dielectric with poly-Si gate electrode was severely degraded. We suggest that dopants (such as arsenic (As) and phosphorus (P)) in the gate electrode of nMOSFETs diffuse into the gate dielectrics, causing the severe degradation of PBTI characteristics (/spl sim/1.1 V operating voltage for 10 years lifetime). We believe that the optimization in the high-k gate stack can improve the PBTI characteristics by suppressing the dopants incorporation.
Photobiomodulation preconditioning prevents cognitive impairment in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia‐ischemia (2019)

Neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) injury caused by oxygen deprivation is the most common cause of mortality and severe neurologic deficits in neonates. The present work evaluated the preventative effect of photobiomodulation (PBM) preconditioning, and its underlying mechanism of action on brain damage in an HI model in neonatal rats. According to the optimal time response of ATP levels in brain samples removed from normal rats, a PBM preconditioning (PBM-P) regimen (808 nm CW laser, 1 cm<sup>2</sup> spot, 100 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> , 12 J/cm<sup>2</sup> ) was delivered to the scalp 6 hours before HI. PBM-P significantly attenuated cognitive impairment, volume shrinkage in the brain, neuron loss, dendritic and synaptic injury after HI. Further mechanistic investigation found that PBM-P could restore HI-induced mitochondrial dynamics and inhibit mitochondrial fragmentation, followed by a robust suppression of cytochrome c release, and prevention of neuronal apoptosis by inhibition of caspase activation. Our work suggests that PBM-P can attenuate HI-induced brain injury by maintaining mitochondrial dynamics and inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway.
What are Teachers Needs Concerning Augmented Reality Digital Authoring Tools? (2019)

This Ph.D. research aims to investigate authoring tools for augmented reality (AR) applications devoted to education. We investigate teachers ways of work, how they prepare their lessons and select materials to be used as well as how current technology has been used in their practice. Based on the results, we will propose an authoring tool that would make sense to teachers needs and abilities and would be coherent with the constraints they might face.
Accuracy and Stability Enhancement of Hybrid-Domain MoM Solution for Volume Scattering Problems Using Legendre Expansion (2008)

An alternative polynomial expansion for electromagnetic field estimation inside three-dimensional dielectric scatterers is presented in this article. In a continuation with the previous work of authors, the Tensor-Volume Integral Equation (TVIE) is solved by using the Galerkin-based moment method (MoM) consisting of a combination of entire-domain and sub-domain basis functions including three-dimensional polynomials. Instead of using trivial power polynomials, Legendre polynomials are adopted for electromagnetic fields expansion in this study. They have the advantage of being a set of orthogonal functions, which allows the use of high-order basis functions without introducing an ill-condition MoM matrix. The accuracy of such approach in MoM is verified by comparing its numerical results with that of exact analytical method such as Mie theory and conventional procedures in MoM. Besides, it is also confirmed that the condition number of the MoM matrix obtained with the proposed approach is lower than that of the previous approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: BACTERIOSTATIC ACTIVITY OF FLUORO ANALOGS OF 5‐(2‐HYDROXYETHYL)‐4‐METHYLTHIAZOLE, A METABOLIC INTERMEDIATE IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THIAMINE (1980)

Abstract Das Fluorthiazol (II) wird aus dem Amin (I) über das Diazoniumfluoroborat oder das Diazoniumhexafluorophosphat erhalten.
Downsizing 550 kV GIS by applying dielectric coating (2011)

SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas has been widely used in high voltage power equipment (HVPE) because of its high insulating and arc-quenching performance. However, the reduction of use of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> is highly required, because SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> is a potent greenhouse gas. Thus, the improvement of SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas insulation system is indispensable in order to further downsize HVPEs with reduced SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> usage. In this work, we applied a dielectric coating to 550 kV gas insulated switchgear (GIS) and succeeded in downsizing it and reducing its SF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> gas content.
Novel poly(amide‐hydrazide)s and copoly(amide‐hydrazide)s from bis‐(4‐aminobenzyl) hydrazide and aromatic diacid chlorides: Synthesis and characterization (2010)

Abstract A new aromatic diamine, viz., bis‐(4‐aminobenzyl) hydrazide (BABH), which contains preformed hydrazide and methylene linkage, was synthesized starting from α‐tolunitrile. The BABH and intermediates involved in its synthesis were characterized by spectroscopic methods. Novel poly(amide‐hydrazide)s were synthesized by low temperature solution polycondensation of BABH with isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC). Furthermore, two series of copoly(amide‐hydrazide)s, based on different mol % of BABH and bis‐(4‐aminophenyl) ether (ODA) with IPC/TPC were also synthesized. Poly(amide‐hydrazide)s and copoly(amide‐hydrazide)s were characterized by inherent viscosity [η inh ], FTIR, solubility, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The polycondensation proceeded smoothly and afforded the polymers with inherent viscosities in the range of 0.18–0.93 dL/g in (NMP + 4% LiCl) at 30°C ± 0.1°C. These polymers dissolved in DMAc, NMP or DMSO containing LiCl. The solubility of copolymers was considerably improved in line with less crystalline nature due to random placement of constituent monomers during the copolymerization. XRD data indicated that poly(amide‐hydrazide)s from BABH alone and IPC/TPC had higher crystallinity than the corresponding copoly(amide‐hydrazide)s derived from a mixture of BABH and bis‐(4‐aminophenyl) ether (ODA). Polymers showed initial weight loss around 160°C which is attributed to the cyclodehydration leading to the formation of corresponding poly(amide‐oxadiazole)s. Copolyamide‐hydrazides showed T max between 400 and 540°C which is essentially the decomposition of poly(amide‐oxadiazole)s. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Transcription factor profiling reveals molecular choreography and key regulators of human retrotransposon expression (2018)

Transposable elements (TEs) represent a substantial fraction of many eukaryotic genomes, and transcriptional regulation of these factors is important to determine TE activities in human cells. However, due to the repetitive nature of TEs, identifying transcription factor (TF)-binding sites from ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) datasets is challenging. Current algorithms are focused on subtle differences between TE copies and thus bias the analysis to relatively old and inactive TEs. Here we describe an approach termed "MapRRCon" (mapping repeat reads to a consensus) which allows us to identify proteins binding to TE DNA sequences by mapping ChIP-seq reads to the TE consensus sequence after whole-genome alignment. Although this method does not assign binding sites to individual insertions in the genome, it provides a landscape of interacting TFs by capturing factors that bind to TEs under various conditions. We applied this method to screen TFs' interaction with L1 in human cells/tissues using ENCODE ChIP-seq datasets and identified 178 of the 512 TFs tested as bound to L1 in at least one biological condition with most of them (138) localized to the promoter. Among these L1-binding factors, we focused on Myc and CTCF, as they play important roles in cancer progression and 3D chromatin structure formation. Furthermore, we explored the transcriptomes of The Cancer Genome Atlas breast and ovarian tumor samples in which a consistent anti-/correlation between L1 and Myc/CTCF expression was observed, suggesting that these two factors may play roles in regulating L1 transcription during the development of such tumors.
Xerox TREC-6 Site Report: Cross Language Text Retrieval. (1997)

Xerox participated in the Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) track of TREC-6. This track examines the problem of retrieving documents written in one language using queries written in another language. Our approach is to use a bilingual dictionary at query time to construct a target language version of the original query. We concentrate our experiments this year on manual query construction based on a weighted boolean model and on an automatic method for the translation of multi-word units. We also introduce a new derivational stemming algorithm whose word classes are generated automatically from a monolingual lexicon. We present our results on the 22 TREC-6 CLIR topics which have been assessed and briefly discuss the problems inherent in the cross-language IR task. 1 Introduction Cross Language Information Retrieval (CLIR) addresses the problem of retrieving documents written in one language using queries written in another language. As document repositories grow in size and ...
Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 6 n-Terminal-like Protein (USP6NL) and the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Signaling Axis Regulates Ubiquitin-Mediated DNA Repair and Temozolomide-Resistance in Glioblastoma (2022)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant glioma, with a 30-60% epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. This mutation is associated with unrestricted cell growth and increases the possibility of cancer invasion. Patients with EGFR-mutated GBM often develop resistance to the available treatment modalities and higher recurrence rates. The drug resistance observed is associated with multiple genetic or epigenetic factors. The ubiquitin-specific protease 6 N-terminal-like protein (USP6NL) is a GTPase-activating protein that functions as a deubiquitinating enzyme and regulates endocytosis and signal transduction. It is highly expressed in many cancer types and may promote the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. We hypothesized that USP6NL affects GBM chemoresistance and tumorigenesis, and that its inhibition may be a novel therapeutic strategy for GBM treatment. The USP6NL level, together with EGFR expression in human GBM tissue samples and cell lines associated with therapy resistance, tumor growth, and cancer invasion, were investigated. Its pivotal roles and potential mechanism in modulating tumor growth, and the key mechanism associated with therapy resistance of GBM cells, were studied, both in vitro and in vivo. Herein, we found that deubiquitinase USP6NL and growth factor receptor EGFR were strongly associated with the oncogenicity and resistance of GBM, both in vitro and in vivo, toward temozolomide, as evidenced by enhanced migration, invasion, and acquisition of a highly invasive and drug-resistant phenotype by the GBM cells. Furthermore, abrogation of USP6NL reversed the properties of GBM cells and resensitized them toward temozolomide by enhancing autophagy and reducing the DNA damage repair response. Our results provide novel insights into the probable mechanism through which USP6NL/EGFR signaling might suppress the anticancer therapeutic response, induce cancer invasiveness, and facilitate reduced sensitivity to temozolomide treatment in GBM in an autolysosome-dependent manner. Therefore, controlling the USP6NL may offer an alternative, but efficient, therapeutic strategy for targeting and eradicating otherwise resistant and recurrent phenotypes of aggressive GBM cells.
Impaired autophagy in macrophages promotes inflammatory eye disease (2016)

Autophagy is critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Organs such as the eye and brain are immunologically privileged. Here, we demonstrate that autophagy is essential for maintaining ocular immune privilege. Deletion of multiple autophagy genes in macrophages leads to an inflammation-mediated eye disease called uveitis that can cause blindness. Loss of autophagy activates inflammasome-mediated IL1B secretion that increases disease severity. Inhibition of caspase activity by gene deletion or pharmacological means completely reverses the disease phenotype. Of interest, experimental uveitis was also increased in a model of Crohn disease, a systemic autoimmune disease in which patients often develop uveitis, offering a potential mechanistic link between macrophage autophagy and systemic disease. These findings directly implicate the homeostatic process of autophagy in blinding eye disease and identify novel pathways for therapeutic intervention in uveitis.
Impact of the electroforming process on the device stability of epitaxial Fe-doped SrTiO3 resistive switching cells (2009)

In this work, the results of our detailed investigations on the electroforming procedure in Pt/SrTi0.99Fe0.01O3/SrTi0.99Nb0.01O3 [Pt/STO(Fe)/Nb:STO] metal-insulator-metal (MIM)-devices and its impact on the performance of resistive switching memory devices are presented. Questions about the exact location of the modifications triggered by the electroforming procedure within the investigated MIM-devices will be addressed. From a technological point of view, the thermal stability of formed devices becomes important. An increase in the device resistances during retention measurements has been observed indicating the presence of internal redistribution effects. These may result from an oxygen vacancy gradient induced by the forming process. However, these internal relaxation effects will not end up in the unformed state. Annealing experiments under defined atmospheric conditions allowed distinguishing between internal and external rediffusion effects. We found that SrTiO3 starts to interact with the surrounding atmosphere at moderate temperatures. The occurring external reoxidation effect set the device back to its initial (unformed) state. As a result, the investigated MIM-structures can no longer be regarded as closed systems and presented the large implication on the retention of such devices. The experimental findings are supported by calculations of the penetration depth of oxygen ions/vacancies in SrTiO3.
Forward Collision Warning: Preliminary Requirements for Crash Alert Timing (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Forward collision warning (FCW) systems are intended to provide drivers with crash alerts to help them avoid or mitigate rear-end crashes. To facilitate successful deployment of FCW systems, the Ford-GM Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) developed preliminary minimum functional requirements for FCW systems implemented on light vehicles (passenger cars, light trucks, and vans). This paper summarizes one aspect of the CAMP results: minimum requirements and recommendations for when to present rear-end crash alerts to the driver. These requirements are valid over a set of kinematic conditions that are described, and assume successful tracking and identification of a legitimate crash threat. The results are based on extensive closed-course human factors testing that studied drivers' last-second braking preferences and capabilities. The paper reviews the human factors testing, modeling of results, and the computation of FCW crash alert timing requirements and recommendations.&lt;/div&gt;
Emergent Design of Dynamical Behavior (2012)

As a mechanical system has larger number of degree-of freedom (DOF) of motion in order to generate diverse behavior, it becomes more difficult to design the control scheme for its motion to achieve a specific function required for the system. This paper proposes a novel design methodology for the control scheme in order to deal with the above-mentioned difficulty. The design methodology proposed is inspired from the concept of emergence observed in living organisms, that is, diverse behavior is emerged to an ultra multi-DOF dynamic system only with a single set of local rules using local information between neighboring subsystems. This study simplifies the ultra multi-DOF system as an 11×11 lattice mass system, neighboring masses are connected with a linear actuator, and aims to prevent a target mass point (control subsystem) from moving even if any external forces are input to the system, which we call this function “displacement controllability.” Hence the P/D gains of the actuators are turned ON/OFF by the proposed local rule for displacement controllability. As a result of computation, the displacement controllability was successfully emerged to the mass system under the various environments, i.e., diverse external force inputs. That means, the diverse behavior dealing with various environments was generated to the system only using the single local rule. Consequently, the effectiveness of the proposed behavior design methodology for an ultra-multi-DOF system was confirmed.
Decreased insulin-like growth factor I receptor expression and function in immortalized African Pygmy T cells. (1996)

Efe Pygmies of northeast Zaire have the shortest mean adult stature of any population on earth. Although various alterations in the GH/insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) axis have been suggested, the basis for short stature in the Pygmy is unknown. We previously described IGF-I unresponsiveness in a T lymphoblast cell line derived from an Efe Pygmy, and studies in five additional lines have confirmed severe IGF-I resistance in these cells. We have now performed experiments to determine the molecular basis for the IGF-I resistance in these cells. We found markedly decreased cell surface expression of IGF-I receptors with normal ligand binding affinity. The Pygmy IGF-I receptors were not autophosphorylated and did not transmit a signal in response to physiological concentrations of IGF-I. There was a substantially decreased level of IGF-I receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in the Pygmy cells with a normal messenger ribonucleic acid half-life. The nucleotide sequence of the full-length IGF receptor complementary DNA in Pygmy 1 showed no significant variation. These results indicate decreased IGF-I receptor gene transcription and IGF-I receptor signaling as the primary variation in the Pygmy cell lines. The findings point to the IGF-I receptor as the locus governing short stature in the African Pygmy and suggest that human stature may be genetically controlled by expression of the IGF-I receptor.
Quantitative Analysis of Norepinephrine Transporter in the Human Brain Using PET with (S,S)-18F-FMeNER-D2 (2008)

The regional distribution of (S,S)-18F-FMeNER-D2 in our study agreed with that demonstrated by previous PET and postmortem studies of norepinephrine transporter in the human brain. The ratio method with a time integration interval of 120-180 min will be useful for clinical research of psychiatric disorders for estimation of norepinephrine transporter occupancy by antidepressants without requiring arterial blood sampling and dynamic PET.