gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Azetidinone Imides (1987)

The synthesis of acetyl and Boc azetidinone imides is described Recent intere~t"~ in the synthesis and use of diacylamino penicillins and cephalosporins prompts us to report our results in this area.Such imides are of Interest not only from the standpoint of alpha-sulfoxide synthesis, but also as drugs or prodrugs and as protecting groups, for example, in preventing intramolecular cyclization leading to oxazoline azetidinone formation.We have investigated two different approaches to p-lactam i m i d e ~, ~ namely, the use of isopropenyl acetate-TSA~H20[toluenesulfonic acid m ~n o h ~d r a t e ] ~' ~ to prepare acetyl imides and the use of (Boc)~O-D~Pl4-dimethylaminopy~idine]~'~ to prepare Boc imides.Cephalosporin acetyl imides were ~eadily prepared by refluxing (94OC) the corresponding arnide in isopropenyl acetate containing TSA.H20 (-0.4 equiv.).When the reaction was complete, as indicated by tlc (1-18 h), the solvent was evaporated and the crude product chromatographed on silica gel to give pure acetyl imide.See Table I.Note in the case of the ceph C derivative and ceforoxime axetil that every available acyl NH 1s acetylated.Also note the use of the C-4 acid.Use of the sulfoxide and sulfone was also studied where R, R' and R" equals PhOCH2, CH3, PNB.The sulfone gave acetyl imide in 56%, but required 8 h vs 2 h (993) for the sulfide.Use of the sulfoxide resulted in a complex mixture, apparently due to Purnoerer type reactions.
Decrease of methyl methacrylate miniemulsion polymerization rate with incorporation of plant oils (2015)

Miniemulsion polymerization reactions of methyl methacrylate were conducted in the presence of plant oils, in order to investigate the effect of different types (linseed oil and andiroba oil) and amounts of oils on the polymerization reaction rates and on the molecular weight of the produced polymers. A decrease in the reaction rate, that was proportional to the number of double bonds present in the triglycerides, was observed. Polymers with lower molecular weights were obtained when triglycerides with higher number of double bonds were used. The experimental data were analyzed with a mathematical model developed to represent the kinetics of these reactions, including the kinetic mechanisms associated to free radical miniemulsion polymerization with an oil‐soluble initiator, and the model was able to predict the variation in the polymerization reaction rate depending on the type and amount of the plant oil. Practical applications: Plant oils can be incorporated to polymer latex by free radical miniemulsion polymerization partially substituting petroleum derived monomers. As most plant oils are highly hydrophobic, they act as co‐stabilizers preventing diffusional degradation increasing the stability of the colloidal dispersion. The growing polymer chain can react with the double bonds of the triglyceride molecules resulting in grafting. The grafting increases the compatibility between the polymer and the plant oil. However, the polymer molecular weight and the reaction rate decrease when the amount of unsaturated oil increases. A mathematical model was developed taking into account both addition and chain transfer mechanisms to describe the grafting reactions with the plant oils. The model can predict the variation in the polymerization reaction rate depending on the type and concentration of the plant oil in the reaction medium which helps to understand the mechanisms involved and to optimize formulations and operational conditions of polymerizations in the presence of plant oils. Polymerization rate decreases when plants oils are incorporated in PMMA nanoparticles.
SIRT3 deficiency promotes lung fibrosis by augmenting alveolar epithelial cell mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis (2017)

Alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis are important in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and asbestosis. Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) detoxifies mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, in part, by deacetylating manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and mitochondrial 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase. We reasoned that SIRT3 deficiency occurs in fibrotic lungs and thereby augments AEC mtDNA damage and apoptosis. Human lungs were assessed by using immunohistochemistry for SIRT3 activity <i>via</i> acetylated MnSOD<sup>K68</sup> Murine AEC SIRT3 and cleaved caspase-9 (CC-9) expression were assayed by immunoblotting with or without SIRT3 enforced expression or silencing. mtDNA damage was measured by using quantitative PCR and apoptosis <i>via</i> ELISA. Pulmonary fibrosis after asbestos or bleomycin exposure was evaluated in 129SJ/wild-type and SIRT3-knockout mice (<i>Sirt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> ) by using fibrosis scoring and lung collagen levels. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis lung alveolar type II cells have increased MnSOD<sup>K68</sup> acetylation compared with controls. Asbestos and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> diminished AEC SIRT3 protein expression and increased mitochondrial protein acetylation, including MnSOD<sup>K68</sup> SIRT3 enforced expression reduced oxidant-induced AEC OGG1<sup>K338/341</sup> acetylation, mtDNA damage, and apoptosis, whereas SIRT3 silencing promoted these effects. Asbestos- or bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, AEC mtDNA damage, and apoptosis in wild-type mice were amplified in <i>Sirt3<sup>-/-</sup></i> animals. These data suggest a novel role for SIRT3 deficiency in mediating AEC mtDNA damage, apoptosis, and lung fibrosis.-Jablonski, R. P., Kim, S.-J., Cheresh, P., Williams, D. B., Morales-Nebreda, L., Cheng, Y., Yeldandi, A., Bhorade, S., Pardo, A., Selman, M., Ridge, K., Gius, D., Budinger, G. R. S., Kamp, D. W. SIRT3 deficiency promotes lung fibrosis by augmenting alveolar epithelial cell mitochondrial DNA damage and apoptosis.
Four- and Five-Coordinate CO Insertion Mechanisms in d8-Nickel(II) Complexes (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFour- and Five-Coordinate CO Insertion Mechanisms in d8-Nickel(II) ComplexesC. Scott Shultz, Joseph M. DeSimone, and Maurice BrookhartView Author Information Department of Chemistry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 37, 9172–9173Publication Date (Web):August 24, 2001Publication History Received26 April 2001Published online24 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0160896https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0160896rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1397Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Acyls,Alkyls,Carbonylation,Coordination compounds,Hydrocarbons Get e-Alerts
Precision Agriculture--Assessing Virtual and Single Reference Stations (2012)

Utilizing real-time kinematic (RTK) technology for automated tractor steering requires communication with a reference 'base' station. The traditional base configuration is a tripod-mounted instrument placed near the roving tractor. During field operations, the tractor 'rover' receives data from the base via its radio broadcasts. This concept has been technologically surpassed by the modeled (virtual) reference station (VRS); whereupon, a remote computer creates a virtual base station using geospatial coordinates sent from the roving tractor, and also from data that it gathers from a network of continuously-operating reference stations (CORS). The modeled VRS solution is communicated from the networked server back to the tractor rover using cellular broadband. The VRS solution is mathematically optimized for the rover and is specific to the rover's location.
Highly robust nanoscale planar double-gate MOSFET device and SRAM cell immune to gate-misalignment and process variations (2009)

Gate misalignment and process variations are important challenges in sub-20 nm gate length planar double-gate (DG) MOSFET devices. For the first time, we demonstrate a misalignment- and process variations-aware device optimization strategy for a DG-MOSFET. Using underlaps and high-kappa offset-spacers, we show that the robustness of the device to gate misalignment and process variations can be improved. A standard 6T-SRAM cell designed using the optimized devices shows better read and hold static noise margins, and lower variations in SNM and leakage power compared to a conventional DG-MOSFET.
T0501-1-1 A Molecular Dynamics Study of Influential Factors on Interfacial Thermal Resistance at Solid-Liquid Interface Modified by Self-Assembled Monolayer (2010)

We studied the influential factors on heat transfer at Au-toluene interface modified by dodecanethiol self-assembled monolayer (SAM). The thermal boundary conductance was calculated for different temperatures using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulation. As a result, the overall thermal boundary conductance at Au-SAM-toluene interface decreases as the temperature increases. We analyzed the temperature dependence of SAM structure and discussed the relation between SAM structure and thermal boundary conductance.
Induced voltage and current analysis for hybrid AC/DC transmission lines sharing the same rights-of-way (2009)

Induced voltage and current analysis for hybrid alternating current (AC)/direct current (DC) transmission lines sharing the same rights-of-way were discussed in this presentation. The challenge in such a case is to improve the available transfer capability within the existing right-of-way. Although a possible solution would be to increase the use of voltage sourced converters (VSC) for DC transmission, this could create parallel AC and DC transmission paths in the same corridor. This leads to the possibility of fundamental frequency voltage induction on the DC line with consequent components in the AC network. The presentation discussed AC/DC transmission line coupling effects, with particular reference to frequency dependent parameters of multi-conductor transmission lines (MTL); two port distributed MTL equations; boundary conditions of AC/DC system; and validation of a VSC converter equivalent circuit. Suppression measures such as control strategies were presented along with simulation results. It was concluded that as the VSC high voltage direct current line become more common, the likelihood of shared corridors with AC lines increases, creating AC induction problems on the DC line, which in turn, could create undesirable DC offsets in AC transformers. figs.
Effect of Threaded Fastener Condition on Low Cycle Fatigue Failures in Metric Bolts Under Transverse Loading (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents an experimental investigation of the effect of threaded fastener condition on the low cycle fatigue behavior of a tightened metric fastener under a fully reversed, cyclic transverse load. The test set-up subjects tightened, threaded fasteners to the combined effect of axial, torsional, bending, and transverse shear loading. The two conditions of the fasteners were “as received” and “ultrasonically cleaned and oiled”. Fatigue performance at three different bolt tension levels was investigated. Based on preliminary testing arbitrarily selected amplitude of 0.05 inches was used for the cyclic transverse displacement, at a frequency of 10 Hz. A Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to assess the failure mode on a bolt fracture surface. The bolt stresses are sensitive to both thread and under head friction characteristics. As a result, the low cycle fatigue life of the tested bolts was slightly influenced by the surface condition, “as received” versus “cleaned and oiled” and initial bolt tension.&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation of Eimeria adenoeides Preinfection on the Severity of Histomoniasis in Turkeys (2022)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether a preinfection of <i>Eimeria adenoeides</i> (EAD) or <i>Eimeria tenella</i> (ET) could affect the severity of subsequent histomoniasis in turkeys (Experiment 1) and if previous exposure to EAD infection, when a single or multiple inoculations of EAD were administered with sufficient time for complete cecal recovery, would affect the severity of HM incidence and lesions (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 200 poults were assigned to 1 of 5 groups, as follows: unchallenged negative control, positive challenge control inoculated with 10<sup>5</sup> HM, EAD at 500 oocysts/bird and <i>Histomonas meleagridis</i> (HM), EAD at 2500 oocysts/bird and HM, or ET at 9 × 10<sup>6</sup> oocysts/bird and HM. ET and EAD were inoculated on day 15 and HM on day 20. In Experiment 2, the trial consisted of two different challenge ages to evaluate short- or long-term EAD effects before HM challenge. Poults (<i>n</i> = 260) were assigned to either early-HM-challenged groups (HM on day 19 challenge control or EAD at 2500 oocysts/bird on day 14 with HM on day 19) or late-HM-challenged groups (HM on day 35 challenge control, EAD at 2500 oocysts/bird on day 14 and HM on day 35, or EAD at 100 oocysts/bird every 2-3 days during the first 3 weeks and HM on day 35). An unchallenged negative-control group was used for both the early- and late-challenge phases in Experiment 2. Mortalities were recorded, and surviving poults were scored for histomoniasis-related hepatic and cecal lesions. In Experiment 1, preinfection with both doses of EAD reduced the mortality as well as the cecal and hepatic lesions caused by histomoniasis. In Experiment 2, neither short- nor long-term preinfection with EAD had an effect on histomoniasis-related mortality or lesions. Differences between Experiments 1 and 2 may be due to the level of infection caused by the prechallenge with EAD and the resulting destruction of cecal tissue.
Observation of biexcitons in the presence of trions generated via sequential absorption of multiple photons in colloidal quantum dot solids (2012)

Multi exciton generation (MEG) and multi exciton recombination (MER) in semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) have recently attracted significant scientific interest as a possible means to improve device efficiencies [1-5]. Convenient bandgap tunability, easy colloidal synthesis, and solution-based processability of these QDs make them further attractive for such device applications using MEG and MER. For example, recent theoretical and experimental studies have shown that MEG enables >;100% peak external quantum efficiency where the generated multi excitons (MEs) are collected in a simple QD solar cell structure [1]. Furthermore, MEG has also been shown in QD photodetectors exhibiting substantially increased photocurrent levels [2]. Another promising application for MEs is the use of QDs as an alternative gain medium based on MER for lasers. Although MEG is very promising and supported with quite persuasive reports, there are still some debatable issues that need to be clarified. One of the issues that have generated great debates in the field has been the confusion of MER with the recombination of trions, which takes place in photocharged QDs. To utilize MEG and MER in practical devices such as QD solar cells and QD lasing devices, these phenomena need to be well understood. Here, we showed distinct spectrally-resolved temporal behavior of biexciton (BX), single exciton (X) and trion radiative recombinations in near unity quantum yield (QY) quasi-type II CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystal QDs. Upon sequential absorption of multiple photons, the extraction of Xs, BXs, and trions were achieved using time correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurements performed on low concentration thin film samples of these QDs at different emission wavelengths. The QDs were embedded in PMMA medium to obtain homogeneous samples and avoid Förster-type nonradiative energy transfer (NRET) between them. Here to extract Xs, BXs, and trions, we devised a new analysis approach for the time decays of the QDs that allowed us to attribute the physical events to their corresponding time decay terms, which were further verified with their excitation intensity dependencies [6].
Impact of Integrated PET/CT on Variability of Target Volume Delineation in Rectal Cancer (2007)

Several studies have demonstrated substantial variability among individual radiation oncologists in defining target volumes using computed tomography (CT). The objective of this study was to determine the impact of combined positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) on inter-observer variability of target volume delineation in rectal cancer. We also compared the relative concordance of two PET imaging tracers, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-fluorodeoxythymidine (FLT), against conventional computed tomography (CT). Six consecutive patients with locally advanced rectal cancer were enrolled onto an institutional protocol involving preoperative chemoradiotherapy and correlative studies including FDG- and FLT-PET scans acquired in the treatment position. Using these image data sets, four radiation oncologists independently delineated primary and nodal gross tumor volumes (GTVp and GTVn) for a hypothetical boost treatment. Contours were first defined based on CT alone with observers blinded to the PET images, then based on combined PET/CT. An inter-observer similarity index (SI), ranging from a value of 0 for complete disagreement to 1 for complete agreement of contoured voxels, was calculated for each set of volumes. For primary gross tumor volume (GTVp), the difference in estimated SI between CT and FDG was modest (CT SI = 0.77 vs. FDG SI = 0.81), but statistically significant (p = 0.013). The SI difference between CT and FLT for GTVp was also slight (FLT SI = 0.80) and marginally non-significant (p < 0.082). For nodal gross tumor volume, (GTVn), SI was significantly lower for CT based volumes with an estimated SI of 0.22 compared to an estimated SI of 0.70 for FDG-PET/CT (p < 0.0001) and an estimated SI of 0.70 for FLT-PET/CT (p < 0.0001). Boost target volumes in rectal cancer based on combined PET/CT results in lower inter-observer variability compared with CT alone, particularly for nodal disease. The use of FDG and FLT did not appear to be different from this perspective.
Aberrant cell migration contributes to defective airway epithelial repair in childhood wheeze (2020)

Abnormal wound repair has been observed in the airway epithelium of patients with chronic respiratory diseases, including asthma. Therapies focusing on repairing vulnerable airways, particularly in early life, present a potentially novel treatment strategy. We report defective lower airway epithelial cell repair to strongly associate with common pre-school-aged and school-aged wheezing phenotypes, characterized by aberrant migration patterns and reduced integrin α5β1 expression. Next generation sequencing identified the PI3K/Akt pathway as the top upstream transcriptional regulator of integrin α5β1, where Akt activation enhanced repair and integrin α5β1 expression in primary cultures from children with wheeze. Conversely, inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling in primary cultures from children without wheeze reduced α5β1 expression and attenuated repair. Importantly, the FDA-approved drug celecoxib - and its non-COX2-inhibiting analogue, dimethyl-celecoxib - stimulated the PI3K/Akt-integrin α5β1 axis and restored airway epithelial repair in cells from children with wheeze. When compared with published clinical data sets, the identified transcriptomic signature was also associated with viral-induced wheeze exacerbations highlighting the clinical potential of such therapy. Collectively, these results identify airway epithelial restitution via targeting the PI3K-integrin α5β1 axis as a potentially novel therapeutic avenue for childhood wheeze and asthma. We propose that the next step in the therapeutic development process should be a proof-of-concept clinical trial, since relevant animal models to test the crucial underlying premise are unavailable.
Triple therapy with sucralfate, tetracycline, and metronidazole for Helicobacter pylori-associated duodenal ulcers. (1995)

Therapy of sucralfate, tetracycline, and metronidazole for 1 wk has a satisfactory but lower success rate in eradication of H. pylori when compared with the conventional triple therapy plus omeprazole. Side effects of this therapy are no fewer than the conventional triple therapy.
Tensile Strain of Germanium Micro-Disks on Freestanding SiO<sub>2</sub> Beams (2015)

Tensile strain is crucial to expect the direct recombination in germanium (Ge), towards monolithic light sources on silicon (Si).Freestanding beams of Ge are known to produce strong tensile strain, however, it is not trivial to construct a cavity in a freestanding structure.Here, we fabricated Ge micro-disks on freestanding oxide beams, and observed Whispering-Gallery-Modes (WGM) by photoluminescence.The tensile strain was larger in shorter beams, which is consistent with simulations.
Referral to Palliative Care Infrequent in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (2016)

Due to high mortality associated with ICU admission, patients and families should be informed about palliative care early following diagnosis of IPF.
Three Dimensional Characterization of Unmodified and Sr‐Modified Al‐Si Eutectics by FIB and FIB EDX Tomography (2006)

This article provides a study of the three‐dimensional morphology of different eutectic architectures of unmodified and Sr‐modified AlSi‐alloys. These 3D‐structures were reconstructed by means of a new Focused Ion Beam – Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (FIB‐EDX) method, consisting in 2D sectioning and subsequent computer imaging. The Si‐structure and its interconnectivity are investigated, as well as the morphological changes induced by the addition of Sr.
Distinct Genetic and Immunological Features in Patients With Onset of IDDM Before and After Age 40 (1997)

Our data provide strong evidence for humoral and cellular autoimmunity in adult IDDM patients with onset both before and after 40 years of age. However, late-onset differs from young-onset IDDM with respect to Ab profiles, especially a lack of IA2-Ab, and HLA class II types. These findings have consequences for the diagnostic strategy for identifying slow-onset IDDM in individuals after 40 years of age.
Practical Synthesis of A Benzophenone-Based NNRT Inhibitor of HIV-1 (2012)

A convergent synthesis of NNRTI 1 is described. The key step involves a direct coupling of acid chloride 4 with Grignard reagent 11 in the presence of bis[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl] ether that moderates the reactivity of the Grignard reagent to give benzophenone 7. An efficient 2-step process for the preparation of 2-fluoro-3-methyl-4-aminobenzoic acid (3) is also described.