gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorption and desorption performance of La3+/Bi3+ by surface-modified activated carbon for potential application in medical 225Ac/213Bi generators (2023)

213Bi is a promising candidate for targeted alpha therapy. However, the search for suitable materials to separate clinically relevant activities of 213Bi from its parent 225Ac remains an ongoing yet critical challenge. This study evaluates sulfonated Norit CA1 (activated carbon) materials (SNCAs) as alternative sorbents for use in 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generators and gives an overview of their simultaneous sorption/desorption performance towards La3+ and Bi3+. The SNCAs exhibit high and selective uptake of Bi3+ in the presence of NaNO3 at low pH values. In contrast, the sorption performance for La3+ (which was certified as a non-radioactive surrogate for 225Ac3+) onto SNCAs was more sensitive to the salt concentrations and pH values. The desorption results show that an efficient elution of Bi3+ from SNCAs is achieved using HCl, NaI or NaCl solutions. The experimental sorption data are analysed by various kinetic and isotherm models. The SNCAs exhibit high radiolytic stability, fast sorption kinetics, good durability and recyclability for La3+/Bi3+. This research indicates that SNCAs with sufficient oxygen-containing groups are promising sorbents for the separation of 213Bi in an inverse 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generator.
Kalman Filtering in Wireless Sensor Networks (2010)

Challenges associated with the scarcity of bandwidth and power in wireless communications have to be addressed. For the state-estimation problems discussed in the paper, observations about a common state are collected by physically distributed terminals. To perform state estimation, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) may share these observations with each other or communicate them to a fusion center for centralized processing. With K vector observations {y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> (n)} <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k=1</sub> available, the optimal mean squared error (MSE) estimation of the state x(n) for the linear model is accomplished by a Kalman filter.
Image reversal reactive immersion lithography improves the detection limit of focal molography: erratum (2020)

Some minor issues were discovered after publication of Opt Lett. 43 , 5801 (2018) and are corrected here. They do not change the main message of the paper.
microRNA-378a-5p iS a novel positive regulator of melanoma progression (2020)

Evaluating the expression levels of miR-378a-5p both in a large melanoma patient cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and in melanoma patients from our Institute, we found that miR-378a-5p is upregulated in metastatic melanoma specimens. miR-378a-5p expression was also increased in melanoma cells resistant to target therapy, and decreased in response to drug treatment. We also demonstrated that overexpression of miR-378a-5p enhances in vitro cell invasion and migration, and facilitates the ability of melanoma cells to form de novo vasculogenic structures. While performing downstream targeting studies, we confirmed the ability of miR-378a-5p to modulate the expression of known target genes, such as SUFU, FUS-1, and KLF9. Luciferase-3'UTR experiments also identified STAMBP and HOXD10 as new miR-378a-5p target genes. MMP2 and uPAR, two HOXD10 target genes, were positively regulated by miR-378a-5p. Genetic and pharmacologic approaches inhibiting uPAR expression and activity evidenced that the in vitro tumor-promoting functions of miR-378a-5p, were in part mediated by uPAR. Of note miR-378a-5p was also able to increase VEGF, as well as in vitro and in vivo angiogenesis. Finally, genetic and pharmacologic modulation of Bcl-2 evidenced Bcl-2 ability to regulate miR-378a-5p expression. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study demonstrating that miR-378a-5p acts as an oncogenic microRNA in melanoma.
Flexible antenna deployment for 5G distributed Massive MIMO in low SHF bands (2016)

In order to tackle rapidly increasing traffic, distributed Massive MIMO (DM-MIMO) has been proposed for fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. DM-MIMO coordinates lots of distributed transmission points (TPs) that are located in ultra-high density (UHD) and use various numbers of antenna elements for each TP. It can achieve drastic improvement of areal spectrum efficiency for 5G. It can also dynamically create user-centric virtual cells corresponding to user mobility. To design flexible antenna deployment of DM-MIMO that is applicable to various use cases in 5G, some key parameters such as the number of the distributed TPs, the number of antenna elements for each TP, and proper distance between TPs should be determined. This paper provides such discussion for 5G DM-MIMO with the flexible antenna deployment under fixed total transmission power and constant total number of antenna elements. Computer simulations show that DM-MIMO can achieve more than 2.5 times system throughput in comparison with a Massive MIMO system using 128 antenna elements.
Intestinal peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation regulates neural serotonin signaling through a feedback mechanism (2019)

Abstract The ability to coordinate behavioral responses with metabolic status is fundamental to the maintenance of energy homeostasis. In numerous species including C. elegans and mammals, neural serotonin signaling regulates a range of food-related behaviors. However, the mechanisms that integrate metabolic information with serotonergic circuits are poorly characterized. Here, we identify metabolic, molecular, and cellular components of a circuit that links peripheral metabolic state to serotonin-regulated behaviors in C. elegans . We find that blocking the entry of fatty acyl-CoAs into peroxisomal β-oxidation in the intestine results in blunting of the effects of neural serotonin signaling on feeding and egg-laying behaviors. Comparative genomics and metabolomics revealed that interfering with intestinal peroxisomal β-oxidation results in a modest global transcriptional change but significant changes to the metabolome, including a large number of changes in ascaroside and phospholipid species, some of which affect feeding behavior. We also identify body cavity neurons and an ether-a-go-go related (EAG) potassium channel that functions in these neurons as key cellular components of the circuitry linking peripheral metabolic signals to regulation of neural serotonin signaling. These data raise the possibility that the effects of serotonin on satiety may have their origins in feedback, homeostatic metabolic responses from the periphery.
Two‐Dimensional NMR studies of [Pro‐10] atrial natriuretic factor [7‐23] (1988)

Abstract The conformational properties of an analog of atrial naturiuretic factor, [Pro‐10] ANF(7‐23), were examined in H 2 O, H 2 O/DMSO‐d 6 (2/1), and DMSO‐d 6 using two‐dimensional nmr techniques. The sequence differs from the native peptide by the absence of the exocyclic N‐ and C‐terminal residues, and the substitution of a proline for a glycine at position 10—a modification expected to reduce the conformational flexibility of this analog. The backbone proton nmr resonances were assigned from two‐dimensional correlated spectroscopy (2D‐COSY), relayed COSY, and 2D nuclear Overhàuser enhancement (NOE) experiments, and the solution conformation was evaluated from vicinal spin–spin coupling constants and NOE data. Despite the substitution of a proline in the sequence, [Pro‐10] ANF(7‐23) exhibits a considerable amount of flexibility in all of the solvents employed.
A REVIEW OF TWO METHODS USED IN THE USA TO ASSESSHEDURING FLUOROSCOPIC-BASED RADIOLOGY (2016)

Dosemeter results for ∼81 500 people performing fluoroscopic and interventional radiology procedures were examined to identify differences between groups monitored either by using two dosemeters, one placed at the collar above the apron and a second placed under the apron on the torso (EDE1) or by using one single dosemeter placed at the collar above the apron (EDE2). The median annual HE was 0.17 mSv for those monitored using the EDE1 protocol and 0.26 mSv for the group using the EDE2 protocol. The EDE2 method was used most frequently with the EDE1 method preferred for those more highly exposed. Approximately, 22 % of dosemeter results for EDE1 were inconsistent with expected norms based on over and under apron dosemeter relationships.
Can Imaging Characteristics on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict the Acuity of a Lumbar Disc Herniation? (2021)

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Using Natural Language Processing and Discourse Features to Identify Understanding Errors in a Spoken Dialogue System (2000)

While it has recently become possible to build spoken dialogue systems that interact with users in real-time in a range of domains, systems that support conversational natural language are still subject to a large number of spoken language understanding (SLU) errors. Endowing such systems with the ability to reliably distinguish SLU errors from correctly understood utterances might allow them to correct some errors automatically or to interact with users to repair them, thereby improving the system’s overall performance. We report experiments on learning to automatically distinguish SLU errors in 11,787 spoken utterances collected in a field trial of AT&amp;amp;T’s How May I Help You system interacting with live customer traffic. We apply the automatic classifier RIPPER (Cohen 96) to train an SLU classifier using features that are automatically obtainable in real-time. The classifer achieves 86 % accuracy on this task, an improvement of 23 % over the majority class baseline. We show that the most important features are those that the natural language understanding module can compute, suggesting that integrating the trained classifier into the NLU module of the How May I Help You system should be straightforward. 1.
Modified Giemsa method for confirmation ofPneumocystispneumonia in low-income countries: Figure 1 (2009)

An HIV-seropositive man who presented with cough, low-grade fever and difficulty in breathing was admitted to the pulmonology unit at Mulago Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. He was initially diagnosed with bacterial pneumonia and treated with ceftriaxone without significant improvement. Induced sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens were collected and stained using a modified Giemsa stain (Diff-Quik). With this technique, it was possible to demonstrate cystic and trophic forms of Pneumocystis jirovecii and confirm the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in this patient.
Micropatterned Hydrogel Surface with High-Aspect-Ratio Features for Cell Guidance and Tissue Growth (2016)

Surface topography has been introduced as a new tool to coordinate cell selection, growth, morphology, and differentiation. The materials explored so far for making such structural surfaces are mostly rigid and impermeable. Hydrogel, on the other hand, was proved a better synthetic media for cell culture because of its biocompatibility, softness, and high permeability. Herein, we fabricated a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogel substrate with high-aspect-ratio surface microfeatures. Such structural surface could effectively guide the orientation and shape of human mesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). Notably, on the flat hydrogel surface, cells rounded up, whereas on the microplate patterned hydrogel surface, cells elongated and aligned along the direction parallel to the plates. The microplates were 2 μm thick, 20 μm tall, and 10-50 μm wide. The interplate spacing was 5-15 μm, and the intercolumn spacing was 5 μm. The elongation of cell body was more pronounced on the patterns with narrower interplate spacing and wider plates. The cells behaved like soft solid. The competition between surface energy and elastic energy defined the shape of the cells on the structured surfaces. The soft permeable hydrogel scaffold with surface structures was also demonstrated as being viable for long-term cell culture, and could be used to generate interconnected tissues with finely tuned cell morphology and alignment across a few centimeter sizes.
New Melanoidin-like Maillard Polymers from 2-Deoxypentoses (1998)

In the 2-deoxy-D-ribose/methyl 4-aminobutyrate Maillard system a trapped N-substituted 2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole is one of the major products. However, nontrapped representatives of this type of compound were hitherto not found in other Maillard model systems, indicating their extraordinary reactivity. Model experiments with 2-deoxy-D-ribose/methylamine enabled the detection of N-methyl-2-(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole (1) and some derived linear oligomers (2, 3) as minor components. Consequently, 1 was synthesized and its oligomerization studied under very mild acidic conditions. The deformylated dimeric bis(N-methyl-2-pyrrolyl)methane (2) and trimeric N-methyl-2,5-bis(N-methyl-2-pyrrolylmethyl)pyrrole (3) were characterized by GC/MS and NMR. Higher regular oligomers up to 6 N-methyl-2-pyrrolylmethyl units as well as corresponding dehydro-oligomers up to 12 units were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS. A complementary experiment starting with N-methyl-2-hydroxy[(13)C]methylpyrrole ([(13)CH(2)OH]-1) confirmed the structure and the oligomerization pathway. The possible significance of this type of model oligomer for the melanoidin formation in Maillard reactions is discussed. The antioxidative activity of the isolated dimer and trimer was tested in Fe(III)-thiocyanate and DPPH assays.
Spring Hill (NNP-I 1000) Intel’s Data Center Inference Chip (2019)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation.
Dense Urban Outdoor-Indoor Coverage from 3.5 to 28 GHz (2022)

In the US, people spend 87% of their time indoors and have an average of four connected devices per person (in 2020). As such, providing indoor coverage has always been a challenge but becomes even more difficult as carrier frequencies increase to mmWave and beyond. This paper investigates the outdoor and outdoor-indoor coverage of an urban network comparing globally standardized building penetration models and implementing models to corresponding scenarios. The glass used in windows of buildings in the grid plays a pivotal role in determining the outdoor-to-indoor propagation loss. For 28 GHz with 1 W/polarization transmit power in the urban street grid, the downlink data rates for 90% of outdoor users are estimated at over 250 Mbps. In contrast, 15% of indoor users are estimated to be in outage, with SNR $
Multiple Beam Elements Using Linear Zone Plate Array Suitable for Parallel Optoelectronic Computing (1990)

A multiple spot imaging system which is composed of a combination of two orthogonal linear zone plate arrays is fabricated. Applications of the components such as optical modules as beam splitter and duplicator of image patterns suitable for optical computing are demonstrated.
Control of tissue oxygenation by S-nitrosohemoglobin in human subjects (2023)

S-Nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb) is unique among vasodilators in coupling blood flow to tissue oxygen requirements, thus fulfilling an essential function of the microcirculation. However, this essential physiology has not been tested clinically. Reactive hyperemia following limb ischemia/occlusion is a standard clinical test of microcirculatory function, which has been ascribed to endothelial nitric oxide (NO). However, endothelial NO does not control blood flow governing tissue oxygenation, presenting a major quandary. Here we show in mice and humans that reactive hyperemic responses (i.e., reoxygenation rates following brief ischemia/occlusion) are in fact dependent on SNO-Hb. First, mice deficient in SNO-Hb (i.e., carrying C93A mutant Hb refractory to S-nitrosylation) showed blunted muscle reoxygenation rates and persistent limb ischemia during reactive hyperemia testing. Second, in a diverse group of humans-including healthy subjects and patients with various microcirculatory disorders-strong correlations were found between limb reoxygenation rates following occlusion and both arterial SNO-Hb levels (n = 25; <i>P </i>= 0.042) and SNO-Hb/total HbNO ratios (n = 25; <i>P </i>= 0.009). Secondary analyses showed that patients with peripheral artery disease had significantly reduced SNO-Hb levels and blunted limb reoxygenation rates compared with healthy controls (n = 8 to 11/group; <i>P </i>< 0.05). Low SNO-Hb levels were also observed in sickle cell disease, where occlusive hyperemic testing was deemed contraindicated. Altogether, our findings provide both genetic and clinical support for the role of red blood cells in a standard test of microvascular function. Our results also suggest that SNO-Hb is a biomarker and mediator of blood flow governing tissue oxygenation. Thus, increases in SNO-Hb may improve tissue oxygenation in patients with microcirculatory disorders.
Hypoxia Enhances β-Amyloid-Induced Apoptosis in Rat Cultured Hippocampal Neurons (2002)

We investigated the effect of hypoxia on beta-amyloid (Abeta)-induced apoptosis in rat cultured hippocampal neurons. Abeta (25 microM for 48 h) decreased the number of neuronal cells and increased the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Hypoxia (6 h) also decreased the number of neuronal cells, but did not increase the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Moreover, combined treatment with both Abeta and hypoxia (Abeta/hypoxia) significantly enhanced the decrease in the number of neuronal cells and the increase in the number of TUNEL-positive cells. Z-Asp-CH(2)-DCB, an inhibitor of interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE), or 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), a non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) receptor antagonist, decreased the number of TUNEL-positive cells with Abeta/hypoxia. These findings suggest that ischemia or hypoxia is an important factor that facilitates the symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and that non-NMDA receptors are involved in the induction of apoptosis in patients suffering from both cerebrovascular disease and Alzheimer's disease.
Diphenyl Ether Non‐Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors with Excellent Potency Against Resistant Mutant Viruses and Promising Pharmacokinetic Properties (2008)

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are part of the preferred treatment regimens for individuals infected with HIV. These NNRTI-based regimens are efficacious, but the most popular NNRTIs have a low genetic barrier to resistance and have been associated with adverse events. There is therefore still a need for efficacious antiviral medicines that facilitate patient adherence and allow durable suppression of viral replication. As part of an extensive program targeted toward the discovery of NNRTIs that have favorable pharmacokinetic properties, good potency against NNRTI-resistant viruses, and a high genetic barrier to drug resistance, we focused on the optimization of a series of diaryl ether NNRTIs. In the course of this effort, we employed molecular modeling to design a new set of NNRTIs that that are active against wild-type HIV and key NNRTI-resistant mutant viruses. The structure-activity relationships observed in this series of compounds provide insight into the structural features required for NNRTIs that inhibit the replication of a wide range of mutant viruses. Selected compounds have promising pharmacokinetic profiles.
A Linear Variational System for Modelling From Curves (2011)

Abstract We present a linear system for modelling 3D surfaces from curves. Our system offers better performance, stability and precision in control than previous non‐linear systems. By exploring the direct relationship between a standard higher‐order Laplacian editing framework and Hermite spline curves, we introduce a new form of Cauchy constraint that makes our system easy to both implement and control. We introduce novel workflows that simplify the construction of 3D models from sketches. We show how to convert existing 3D meshes into our curve‐based representation for subsequent editing and modelling, allowing our technique to be applied to a wide range of existing 3D content.
Bacillus anthracis Secretes Proteins That Mediate Heme Acquisition from Hemoglobin (2008)

Acquisition of iron is necessary for the replication of nearly all bacterial pathogens; however, iron of vertebrate hosts is mostly sequestered by heme and bound to hemoglobin within red blood cells. In Bacillus anthracis, the spore-forming agent of anthrax, the mechanisms of iron scavenging from hemoglobin are unknown. We report here that B. anthracis secretes IsdX1 and IsdX2, two NEAT domain proteins, to remove heme from hemoglobin, thereby retrieving iron for bacterial growth. Unlike other Gram-positive bacteria, which rely on cell wall anchored Isd proteins for heme scavenging, B. anthracis seems to have also evolved NEAT domain proteins in the extracellular milieu and in the bacterial envelope to provide for the passage of heme.
Understanding how to provide service guarantees in ip-based networks (2005)

The growth of IP networks has obviously been accompanied by the tremendous growth not only in their sizes and the volume of traffic they carry, but also in the range of requirements they are expected to meet. On one hand, this has brought renewed interest in Quality-of-Service (QoS) solutions, i.e., solutions that enable service differentiations. On the other hand, the ever increasing speed and traffic volume of IP networks, particularly in backbone networks, have made the traditional alternative to QoS, namely overprovisioning, more favorable from a complexity perspective. Understanding how to provide service guarantees in IP networks has been the topic of a long-lasting debate within the networking research community. The goal of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of the roles and potential of both over-provisioning and QoS in such a setting. First, we investigate the extent to which the ever increasing size of IP networks can play a positive role in their ability to absorb traffic variations. We develop a general model that accounts for network topology, base offered traffic, and traffic variations, and allows us to explore how their combination behaves as the network grows. We identify critical thresholds in the relation between network and traffic growth, which delineate regions where a small amount of over-provisioning can provide increasing protection against traffic variations. The results offer insight into how to grow IP networks in order to enhance their robustness. Second, we study the feasibility of providing meaningful service guarantees without introducing too much added complexity. We propose two QoS schemes that can provide iv stronger and more flexible service guarantees. Our first scheme provides differentiated loss guarantees by adding a simple random drop logic on top of the basic FIFO queue. Our second scheme provides more flexible support for real-time applications without hard-limiting their traffic to traffic contracts, and we achieve this goal through a combination of scheduling and buffer management mechanisms. The performances of our schemes are shown to achieve our design goals through simulations or actual implementations.
Social TV: Designing for Distributed, Sociable Television Viewing (2008)

Media research has shown that people enjoy watching television as a part of socializing in groups. However, many constraints in daily life limit the opportunities for doing so. The Social TV project builds on the increasing integration of television and computer technology to support sociable, computer-mediated group viewing experiences. In this article, we describe the initial results from a series of studies illustrating how people interact in front of a television set. Based on these results, we propose guidelines as well as specific features to inform the design of future “social television” prototypes.