gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Imaging system design for estimation of partially coherent Images (1986)

An object, illuminated by partially coherent light, is composed of a signal plus a noise transmittance. The problem is to design the pupil screen of the imaging system so that the detected image of the object is the minimum mean-square error estimate of the image of the signal transmittance. This problem is not linear but is bilinear, because of the input-output relationship between input transmittance and output intensity. This problem is solved using a nonlinear parameter optimization approach where the parameters to optimize are discrete samples of the magnitude and phase of the pupil. The improvement factor, which compares system performance relative to the performance of a diffraction-limited imaging system, is defined. The design of several optimal pupil screens is presented. These designs verify the validity of our design technique and demonstrate that both the optimal pupil screen and the improvement factor are a function of the statistics of the signal and noise and a function of the coherence of the object illumination. Our results also show that preprocessing is more effective for coherent systems than for incoherent systems.
Diagnosis of prostate cancer by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometric imaging of small metabolites and lipids (2017)

Accurate identification of prostate cancer in frozen sections at the time of surgery can be challenging, limiting the surgeon's ability to best determine resection margins during prostatectomy. We performed desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) on 54 banked human cancerous and normal prostate tissue specimens to investigate the spatial distribution of a wide variety of small metabolites, carbohydrates, and lipids. In contrast to several previous studies, our method included Krebs cycle intermediates (<i>m/z</i> <200), which we found to be highly informative in distinguishing cancer from benign tissue. Malignant prostate cells showed marked metabolic derangements compared with their benign counterparts. Using the "Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator" (Lasso), we analyzed all metabolites from the DESI-MS data and identified parsimonious sets of metabolic profiles for distinguishing between cancer and normal tissue. In an independent set of samples, we could use these models to classify prostate cancer from benign specimens with nearly 90% accuracy per patient. Based on previous work in prostate cancer showing that glucose levels are high while citrate is low, we found that measurement of the glucose/citrate ion signal ratio accurately predicted cancer when this ratio exceeds 1.0 and normal prostate when the ratio is less than 0.5. After brief tissue preparation, the glucose/citrate ratio can be recorded on a tissue sample in 1 min or less, which is in sharp contrast to the 20 min or more required by histopathological examination of frozen tissue specimens.
Genitourinary Exam Skills Training Curriculum for Medical Students: A Follow-up Study of Comfort and Skill Utilization (2012)

Purpose: We developed a genitourinary skills training (GUST) curriculum for incoming third year medical students (MS3) and performed a follow-up study of comfort with and utilization of these skills. Materials and Methods: GUST consisted of a didactic lecture followed by skills sessions including standardized patient testicular examination (TE) and digital rectal examination (DRE), male and female Foley catheter (MFC and FFC) placement training, suture-knot tying, and a faculty-directed small group learning session. Precourse and postcourse, and 6 and 18 months after the course, MS3 rated comfort with each skill (Likert scale 0–5), and quantified skill usage. Results were compared with 4th year students (MS4) who had not undergone GUST. Results: Participants were 281 MS3 GUST students and 44 MS4. Post-GUST, mean comfort on a Likert scale (0=uncomfortable) increased for all four skills (88.2%–96.9% vs 8.3%–18.5%, P<0.0001). This was maintained at the 6-month and 18-month follow up time points (P<0.0001). At 18 months, MS3 trended toward higher comfort with TE compared with MS4 (74 vs 54%, P=0.068), while with the other skills, both groups showed equal comfort. MS4 learned exam skills from faculty and MFC and FFC from nurses on the wards. Eleven percent of MS4 were never formally taught TE or DRE. MS3 and MS4 performed TE and/or DRE on <8% of newly admitted patients. Conclusions: MS3 described improved comfort with the GU skills at all time points during follow-up. This was particularly important because both MS3 and MS4 reported using their skills infrequently during their clinical training years.
Production of chrysanthemum periclinal chimeras through shoot regeneration from leaf explants (2016)

Periclinal chimeras play important roles in vegetatively propagated plants such as chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium). For example, periclinal chimerism causes flower color variation in chrysanthemums. In this study, a method for periclinal chimera production in chrysanthemum was examined. A wild-type plant of chrysanthemum ‘Taihei’ and its transgenic plant carrying a yellowish-green fluorescent protein gene from the marine plankton Chiridius poppei (CpYGFP) were used as plant materials. The cut faces of the leaf explants of both materials were partially attached and then were detached for further culture. Mosaic calli consisted of transgenic and wild-type cells formed on the detached faces of the explants. We examined 996 regenerated shoots from 4,120 explants and found only a single chimeric shoot that appeared to show mericlinal chimerism. Repeated axillary bud elongation from the nodes of the mericlinal chimera produced one L1-fluorescent and one L3-fluorescent chimeric plant. The L1 chimera showed fluorescence in the epidermal cells and trichomes of leaf and stem. The L3 chimera showed fluorescence in the cells of the central parts of stem and leaf, as well as in the whole root tissues. In summary, we obtained chrysanthemum periclinal chimeras through regeneration from leaf explants using the fluorescent protein transgene as a selection marker.
Ionomer Optimization for Water Uptake and Swelling in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer: Hydrogen Evolution Electrode (2021)

Green hydrogen produced through anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is a promising, low-cost chemical storage solution for intermittent renewable energy sources. Low-temperature electrolysis using anion exchange membranes (AEM) combines the benefits of established water electrolysis technologies based on alkaline electrolysis and proton exchange membrane electrolysis. The anion conductive ionomers (ACI) used in the AEM electrolyzer (AEMEL) electrodes has been investigated. The ACI serves two primary purposes: (i) facilitate hydroxide conduction between the catalyst and bulk electrolyte and (ii) bind the catalyst to the porous transport layer and membrane. High ion exchange capacity (IEC) ACIs are desired, however, high IEC can cause excessive water uptake (WU) and detrimental ACI swelling. Proper water management is a key factor in obtaining maximum performance in AEM-based devices. In this study, a series of poly(norbornene)-based ACIs were synthesized and deployed in hydrogen evolving AEMEL cathode electrodes. A balance between ionic conductivity, WU and ionomer swelling was achieved in the ACI by varying the IEC and degree of polymer cross-linking. It was found that higher IEC ACIs with light crosslinking are preferred in the HER electrode. Such a configuration fine-tuned the WU and ionomer swelling to achieve optimum cell performance and reduce cell operating voltages.
Supplementary Figure S6 from YAP Orchestrates Heterotypic Endothelial Cell Communication via HGF/c-MET Signaling in Liver Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Perturbation of cellular communication blocks CEC expansion&lt;/p&gt;
Variable liquid crystal pretilt angles on various compositions of alignment layers (2007)

The authors introduce variable liquid crystal (LC) pretilt angles via ion beam (IB) irradiation of silicon carbide (SiC) layers of various compositions. To control the composition of the SiC layer, the authors altered the rf power ratio between the graphite target and silicon target. The pretilt angle of the silicon-rich SiC layer was constant regardless of IB irradiation angle; however, the carbon-rich SiC layer showed variable pretilt angles, depending on IB irradiation angle. The authors attribute variable pretilt angle to the competition between van der Waals interactions, favoring the vertical alignment, and pi-pi interactions, favoring the LC alignment parallel to IB direction.
Loss of CBY1 results in a ciliopathy characterized by features of Joubert syndrome (2020)

Ciliopathies are clinically and genetically heterogeneous diseases. We studied three patients from two independent families presenting with features of Joubert syndrome: abnormal breathing pattern during infancy, developmental delay/intellectual disability, cerebellar ataxia, molar tooth sign on magnetic resonance imaging scans, and polydactyly. We identified biallelic loss-of-function (LOF) variants in CBY1, segregating with the clinical features of Joubert syndrome in the families. CBY1 localizes to the distal end of the mother centriole, contributing to the formation and function of cilia. In accordance with the clinical and mutational findings in the affected individuals, we demonstrated that depletion of Cby1 in zebrafish causes ciliopathy-related phenotypes. Levels of CBY1 transcript were found reduced in the patients compared with controls, suggesting degradation of the mutated transcript through nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay. Accordingly, we could detect CBY1 protein in fibroblasts from controls, but not from patients by immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we observed reduced ability to ciliate, increased ciliary length, and reduced levels of the ciliary proteins AHI1 and ARL13B in patient fibroblasts. Our data show that CBY1 LOF-variants cause a ciliopathy with features of Joubert syndrome.
Modeling of defect propagation/growth for early yield impact prediction in VLSI fabrication (2002)

Particulate contamination deposited on silicon wafers is typically the dominant reason for yield loss in VLSI manufacturing. The transformation of contaminating particles into defects and then electrical faults is a very complex process which depends on the defect location, size, material and the underlying IC topography. A rigorous topography simulator, METROPOLE has been developed to allow the prediction and correlation of the critical physical parameters (material, size and location) of contamination in the manufacturing process to device defects. The results for a large number of defect samples simulated using the above approach were compared with data gathered from the AMD-Sunnyvale fabline. A good match was obtained indicating the accuracy of this method which provided a framework for developing contamination to defect propagation/growth macromodels. We have demonstrated that the understanding of defect transformation can be applied to early yield impact prediction.
Adaptive Scaling of Cluster Boundaries for Large-Scale Social Media Data Clustering (2015)

The large scale and complex nature of social media data raises the need to scale clustering techniques to big data and make them capable of automatically identifying data clusters with few empirical settings. In this paper, we present our investigation and three algorithms based on the fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (Fuzzy ART) that have linear computational complexity, use a single parameter, i.e., the vigilance parameter to identify data clusters, and are robust to modest parameter settings. The contribution of this paper lies in two aspects. First, we theoretically demonstrate how complement coding, commonly known as a normalization method, changes the clustering mechanism of Fuzzy ART, and discover the vigilance region (VR) that essentially determines how a cluster in the Fuzzy ART system recognizes similar patterns in the feature space. The VR gives an intrinsic interpretation of the clustering mechanism and limitations of Fuzzy ART. Second, we introduce the idea of allowing different clusters in the Fuzzy ART system to have different vigilance levels in order to meet the diverse nature of the pattern distribution of social media data. To this end, we propose three vigilance adaptation methods, namely, the activation maximization (AM) rule, the confliction minimization (CM) rule, and the hybrid integration (HI) rule. With an initial vigilance value, the resulting clustering algorithms, namely, the AM-ART, CM-ART, and HI-ART, can automatically adapt the vigilance values of all clusters during the learning epochs in order to produce better cluster boundaries. Experiments on four social media data sets show that AM-ART, CM-ART, and HI-ART are more robust than Fuzzy ART to the initial vigilance value, and they usually achieve better or comparable performance and much faster speed than the state-of-the-art clustering algorithms that also do not require a predefined number of clusters.
Novel Harmicines with Improved Potency against Plasmodium (2020)

Harmicines represent hybrid compounds composed of β-carboline alkaloid harmine and cinnamic acid derivatives (CADs). In this paper we report the synthesis of amide-type harmicines and the evaluation of their biological activity. <i>N</i>-harmicines <b>5a</b>-<b>f</b> and <i>O</i>-harmicines <b>6a</b>-<b>h</b> were prepared by a straightforward synthetic procedure, from harmine-based amines and CADs using standard coupling conditions, 1-[bis(dimethylamino)methylene]-1<i>H</i>-1,2,3-triazolo [4,5-<i>b</i>]pyridinium 3-oxid hexafluorophosphate (HATU) and <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diisopropylethylamine (DIEA). Amide-type harmicines exerted remarkable activity against the erythrocytic stage of <i>P. falciparum</i>, in low submicromolar concentrations, which was significantly more pronounced compared to their antiplasmodial activity against the hepatic stages of <i>P. berghei</i>. Furthermore, a cytotoxicity assay against the human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2) revealed favorable selectivity indices of the most active harmicines. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated the binding of ligands within the ATP binding site of <i>Pf</i>Hsp90, while the calculated binding free energies confirmed higher activity of <i>N</i>-harmicines <b>5</b> over their <i>O</i>-substituted analogues <b>6</b>. Amino acids predominantly affecting the binding were identified, which provided guidelines for the further derivatization of the harmine framework towards more efficient agents.
Proposed Method of Optical Spin Read-out in a Quantum Dot using the AC Stark Effect (2015)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. Flagg, "Proposed Method of Optical Spin Read-out in a Quantum Dot using the AC Stark Effect," in CLEO: 2015, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2015), paper FW4B.6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Reliability of POL-kw power modules (2017)

Wide band gap (WBG) semiconductor devices have demonstrated superior electrical and thermal performance, compared to their silicon-based counterparts. However, innovative power module packaging design and materials suitable to WBG devices are required. In this paper, the development of a new high power density module using the Power Overlay (POL) packaging platform is presented. The wirebond-less packaging platform has shown significantly reduced electrical parasitics, while providing a thin profile to allow double-side cooling and the integration of gate drive circuits. Thermal cycling and high temperature storage tests were conducted on specimens fabricated and assembled by production equipment. The results presented here were used to establish design guidelines for reliable operation of POL-based power modules.
Threshold behavior analysis of in-plane switching mode liquid-crystal cells with asymmetrical surface condition (1999)

The threshold behavior of the in-plane switching (IPS) mode liquid-crystal cells with different (asymmetric) anchoring strength at two liquid-crystal/substrate interfaces was investigated by linear stability analysis. Similarity in stability characteristics between the IPS mode and the surface stabilized ferroelectric mode was clarified. The analysis showed that, with parallel rubbing of the two substrate surfaces, only the (symmetric) switching initialized from the center of the liquid-crystal layer will occur even with the asymmetric surface condition. This means that the basic switching process of the IPS mode does not change with the asymmetricities of the surface conditions.
Harmonic feature fusion for robust neural network-based acoustic modeling (2017)

Acoustic modeling with deep learning has drastically improved the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) where the main stream of the acoustic feature is still log-Mel filtered one. While the log-Mel filtered features lose harmonic-structure information, they still include useful information for ASR. Several attempts have been made to integrate higher-resolution information into the network. In order to improve the ASR accuracy in noisy conditions, we propose new features integrated into acoustic modeling to represent which parts in the time-frequency domain have a distinct harmonic structure, since it is partially observed in noisy environments. The new features are combined with the standard acoustic features, and the network is trained with them using various noisy data. Through these operations, it learns the acoustic features with a kind of quality tag describing which parts are clean or degraded. Our model reduced the word error rate in an Aurora-4 task by 10.3% in DNN compared with the strong baseline while retaining the high accuracy in clean test cases.
Table S5 from NK Cells Mediate Synergistic Antitumor Effects of Combined Inhibition of HDAC6 and BET in a SCLC Preclinical Model (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Innate immune response proteins identified via mass spectrometry&lt;/p&gt;
A Comparative Usability Study of Two-Factor Authentication (2014)

Two-factor authentication (2F) aims to enhance resilience of password-based authentication by requiring users to provide an additional authentication factor, e.g., a code generated by a security token. However, it also introduces non-negligible costs for service providers and requires users to carry out additional actions during the authentication process. In this paper, we present an exploratory comparative study of the usability of 2F technologies. First, we conduct a pre-study interview to identify popular technologies as well as contexts and motivations in which they are used. We then present the results of a quantitative study based on a survey completed by 219 Mechanical Turk users, aiming to measure the usability of three popular 2F solutions: codes generated by security tokens, one-time PINs received via email or SMS, and dedicated smartphone apps (e.g., Google Authenticator). We record contexts and motivations, and study their impact on perceived usability. We find that 2F technologies are overall perceived as usable, regardless of motivation and/or context of use. We also present an exploratory factor analysis, highlighting that three metrics – ease-of-use, required cognitive efforts, and trustworthiness – are enough to capture key factors affecting 2F usability.
In Vitro Biotransformation Assays Using Liver S9 Fractions and Hepatocytes from Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Overcoming Challenges with Difficult to Test Fragrance Chemicals (2020)

In vitro metabolic stability assays using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) isolated hepatocytes (RT-HEP) or hepatic S9 fractions (RT-S9) were introduced to provide biotransformation rate data for the assessment of chemical bioaccumulation in fish. The present study explored the suitability of the RT-HEP and RT-S9 assays for difficult test chemicals, and the in vitro-based predictions were compared to in silico-based predictions and in vivo-measured bioconcentration factors (BCFs). The results show that volatile or reactive chemicals can be tested with minor modifications of the in vitro protocols. For hydrophobic chemicals, a passive dosing technique was developed. Finally, a design-of-experiment approach was used to identify optimal in vitro assay conditions. The modified assay protocols were applied to 10 fragrances with diverse physicochemical properties. The in vitro intrinsic clearance rates were higher in the S9 than in the hepatocyte assay, but the in vitro-in vivo (IVIV) predictions were comparable between the 2 assays. The IVIV predictions classified the test chemicals as nonbioaccumulative (BCF < 2000), which was in agreement with the in vivo data but in contrast to the in silico-based predictions. The findings from the present study provide strong evidence that the RT-HEP and RT-S9 assays can provide reliable estimates of in vivo biotransformation rates for test chemicals with difficult physicochemical properties. Environ Toxicol Chem 2020;39:2396-2408. © 2020 SETAC.
On the Inverse Classification Problem and its Applications (2006)

In this paper, we discuss the inverse classification problem, in which we desire to define the features of an incomplete record in such a way that will result in a desired class label. Such an approach is useful in applications in which it is an objective to determine a set of actions to be taken in order to guide the data mining application towards a desired solution. This system can be used for a variety of decision support applications which have pre-determined task criteria.
Printable Materials and Devices for Next Generation Packaging (2011)

This paper examines the use of different materials in the area of printing technology. A variety of printable nanomaterials for electronic packaging have been developed. This includes nano capacitors and resistors as embedded passives, nano laser materials, optical materials, etc. Materials can provide high capacitance densities, ranging from 5nF/inch2 to 25 nF/inch2, depending on composition, particle size and film thickness. The electrical properties of capacitors fabricated from BaTiO3-epoxy nanocomposites showed a stable dielectric constant and low loss over a frequency range from 1MHz to 1000MHz. The change in capacitance after 3X IR-reflow and after 1000 cycles of deep thermal cycling (DTC) between −55°C and 125°C was within 5%. A variety of printable discrete resistors with different sheet resistances, ranging from ohm to Mohm, processed on large panels (19.5 inches × 24 inches) have been fabricated. Low resistivity materials, with volume resistivity in the range of 10−4 ohm-cm to 10−6 ohm-cm depending on composition, particle size, and loading can be used as conductive joints for high frequency and high density interconnect applications. The CITC (Current Induced Thermal Cycling) life at 245C is greater than 10 cycles and life at 220C is over 25 cycles to fail, which is at least equivalent to copper PTH (plated through hole) performance. Thermosetting polymers modified with ceramics or organics can produce low k and low loss dielectrics. Altogether, this is a new direction in the development of printable materials and devices suitable for next generation packaging.
Supplementary Movie S2 from Plk1 Inhibitors and Abiraterone Synergistically Disrupt Mitosis and Kill Cancer Cells of Disparate Origin Independently of Androgen Receptor Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Chromatin structure in abiraterone treated C4-2 cells&lt;/p&gt;