gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radical Radiotherapy for Muscle Invasive Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder: Failure Analysis (1989)

Patients with muscle invasive carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical radiation were prospectively documented and followed in an attempt to identify prognostic factors predictive of the response to treatment. Data on 121 consecutive patients treated with radical radiation between 1981 and 1985 are presented. Over-all actuarial survival of the patient population (median age 70 years) was 31.6% at 5 years and cause-specific survival was 44.8%. At analysis 33 of 121 patients (27.3%) were alive with preserved bladder function. Independent prognostic factors for cause-specific survival and for complete response with radical radiation were tumor configuration, hemoglobin level and clinical stage. The rate free of local relapse was significantly influenced by stage and presence of coexistent carcinoma in situ. The study suggests that factors other than stage and grade influence prognosis in invasive bladder cancer and should be considered in interpreting treatment results.
Retrieval-based Controllable Molecule Generation (2022)

Generating new molecules with specified chemical and biological properties via generative models has emerged as a promising direction for drug discovery. However, existing methods require extensive training/fine-tuning with a large dataset, often unavailable in real-world generation tasks. In this work, we propose a new retrieval-based framework for controllable molecule generation. We use a small set of exemplar molecules, i.e., those that (partially) satisfy the design criteria, to steer the pre-trained generative model towards synthesizing molecules that satisfy the given design criteria. We design a retrieval mechanism that retrieves and fuses the exemplar molecules with the input molecule, which is trained by a new self-supervised objective that predicts the nearest neighbor of the input molecule. We also propose an iterative refinement process to dynamically update the generated molecules and retrieval database for better generalization. Our approach is agnostic to the choice of generative models and requires no task-specific fine-tuning. On various tasks ranging from simple design criteria to a challenging real-world scenario for designing lead compounds that bind to the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, we demonstrate our approach extrapolates well beyond the retrieval database, and achieves better performance and wider applicability than previous methods. Code is available at https://github.com/NVlabs/RetMol.
Modular reactors with electrical resistance heating for hydrocarbon cracking and other endothermic reactions (2021)

Abstract We propose and demonstrate by calculations novel modular reactor configurations with electrical resistance heating for endothermic reactions such as cracking and steam reforming of hydrocarbons. The basic unit of each module consists of a set of wires, tubes, plates, monolith, or gauze/wire meshes arranged in parallel or series to satisfy the current–voltage constraints. The smaller dimensions such as spacing and diameter are selected to obtain nearly uniform heating temperature within the reaction zone.
2D Plasmonics for Nanosecond Generation of Entangled Plasmon Pairs (2016)

We demonstrate that using 2D plasmons, the emission of entangled plasmon pairs can be enhanced by up to 15 orders of magnitude, corresponding to sub-nanosecond lifetimes, potentially allowing for ultrafast generation of entangled light.
Detailed Balance Efficiency of 1310 nm Multijunction Photonic Power Converters (2019)

We present modeled detailed balance efficiency of multijunction photonic power converters operating at 1310 nm at a laser intensity of 5.88× 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , corresponding to our test laser power and cell size, in two scenarios: (1) with an absorbing substrate and (2) with a perfect specular back reflector. We show that, in the radiative limit, efficiency increases as a function of number of junctions in the case of an absorbing substrate. In this case, efficiency can reach as high as 69% with 15 junctions. In the case of a perfect specular back reflector, efficiency reaches more than 75% and is not sensitive to the number of junctions. This insensitivity allows freedom in future device design.
Feasibility of uterine speckle tracking for improved embryo implantation (2015)

Infertility problems are involving an increasing number of women, also due to the trend of postponing conception. In-vitro fertilization represents nowadays the most advanced technology to approach infertility problems, but it still shows a low success rate of about 30%. A possible cause may reside in the uterine movement during embryo transfer, possibly hampering successful implantation. Unfortunately, no objective tools are nowadays available for the assessment of uterine movement. With the aim of filling this gap, here we present the first method for quantitative analysis of uterine movement. Being widespread accessible, ultrasound imaging is employed for the analysis. In particular, a speckle-tracking algorithm has been implemented that is based on block matching by normalized cross correlation. Wiener deconvolution is used to regularize the image resolution prior to speckle tracking and correlation filtering is adopted to improve the method reliability. The method feasibility was tested in vitro as well as for its ability to distinguish between active and non-active phase of a natural menstrual cycle in six women. Two pairs of sites were manually defined on the uterine muscle and automatically tracked over time. The extracted movement features permitted successful separation between the two classes (p <; 0.05 by paired, double-tailed Student t-test). Additional validation is however required to prove the clinical value of this method for in-vitro fertilization.
Variations of TSNA Levels in Tobaccos Upon Heating at Moderate Temperatures (2020)

Summary Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) including nitrosoanabasine (NAB), nitrosoanatabine (NAT), 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), and nitrosonornicotine (NNN) are naturally present at trace levels in tobacco. During tobacco processing, preparation of expanded tobacco, and when tobacco is used in heat-not-burn type cigarettes, the tobacco is exposed to different degrees of heat. Heating of tobacco has been reported in the literature to increase the level of TSNAs. Since the increase of TSNAs in heated tobacco is still not well understood, the present study evaluated TSNA levels in six types of tobacco as a function of moderate heat exposure. These tobaccos included: flue-cured lower stalk, flue-cured upper stalk (US), Burley lower stalk, Burley upper stalk (US), and two Oriental blends (Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Northern Republic Macedonia). Heating was performed in sealed glass tubes at oven temperatures of 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, and 250 °C for time intervals of 2 min and 5 min. The temperatures inside the glass tubes were lower than the targets and were monitored separately as a function of glass tube heating. The study showed no meaningful differences within tobacco type (by stalk position) but showed considerable differences in the levels of TSNAs between different tobaccos, with the Burley tobaccos having the highest levels, and the Orientals the lowest. For all tobacco types, TSNAs increase to some extent when temperature increases. For 2-min heating, the increase in TSNAs is relatively small up to about 200 °C, but the levels almost double when the oven temperature increases to 250 °C. For 5-min heating, the increase in TSNAs starts at about 150 °C with a maximum at 200 °C which can reach more than double the initial TSNA level. Longer heating at 250 °C (5 min) starts to cause TSNAs decomposition and the levels are reduced.
12. Randomized Studies of Two Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Vaccine Formulations (2020)

Abstract Background Two formulations of investigational bivalent Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile vaccine (QS-21 adjuvanted toxoid and toxoid-alone) were assessed for safety and immunogenicity in randomized studies in healthy adults 50–85 years of age. Methods The Phase 1 study of QS-21 adjuvanted toxoid vaccine randomized subjects 3:1 to 100 μg QS-21-containing C difficile vaccine or placebo; 3 doses were given according to 2 different schedules: a shortened month (Months 0, 1, 3) or day (Days 1, 8, 30) regimen. The Phase 2 toxoid-alone vaccine study randomized subjects 3:3:1 to receive 100 or 200 μg unadjuvanted C difficile vaccine formulation or placebo in Stages 1 and 2 (sentinel cohorts of different age groups), and 3:1 to receive the selected dose of unadjuvanted C difficile vaccine formulation or placebo in Stage 3. Three doses were given on a day (Days 1, 8, 30) regimen. Safety was the primary outcome for both studies. Immunogenicity was determined by measuring serum toxin A– and B–specific neutralizing antibodies. Results In the day regimen, 10 reports across both studies of grade 3 injection site redness postdose 2 triggered predefined stopping rules. Local reactions in both studies were more common among vaccine versus placebo recipients. Injection site pain predominated and was generally mild in severity. Systemic events were infrequent and generally mild-to-moderate in severity. Adverse events were reported by 50.0%–75.0% and 16.7%–50.0% of subjects in the QS-21 and toxoid-alone studies, respectively. Immune responses peaked around Day 37 (shortened-month regimen) or between Day 15 and Month 2 (day regimen), and remained above baseline throughout follow-up. Conclusion Both formulations demonstrated robust immunogenicity. However, both studies stopped early due to grade 3 injection site redness postdose 2 of the day (Days 1, 8, 30) regimen; neither formulation progressed to later stage development. Instead, an aluminum hydroxide-containing formulation of the vaccine candidate administered at 0, 1, and 6 months, which was safe and immunogenic in phase 1 and 2 studies, advanced to phase 3 studies. Disclosures Jody Lawrence, MD, Pfizer, Inc (Employee) Nicholas Kitchin, MD, Pfizer, Inc (Employee) Annaliesa S. Anderson, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Michael W. Pride, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Kathrin U. Jansen, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Yahong Peng, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Charles Knirsch, MD, Pfizer (Employee) Chris Webber, MD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder)
The local noise property in positron volume imaging and optimal conditions for the signal-to-noise ratio of the 3D reconstructed image (1997)

The local noise property of a 3D PET reconstructed image is investigated for a uniform-activity sphere distributed in a constantly attenuating spherical object. The positional dependence of the statistical noise is approximately derived and calculated for some special cases. It is suggested that a larger diameter of the activity sphere causes noise amplification, and the noise property for the large attenuating sphere is close to that for a non-attenuating object with the same total number of measuring counts. By considering noise propagation of two spherical activity distributions, we suggest that the signal-to-noise ratio of the image depends on a set of projection directions and the sizes and intensities of the activity distributions. In a simple case, we derive an optimal value of the maximum acceptance angle for the projection directions to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the image.
High-Pressure Packing with Water: An Alternative Approach to Conventional Gravel Packing (1993)

ABSTRACT Many methods of gravel packing have been applied to control sand problems in injection or producing wells.1 Successful application of a sand control technique to obtain a productive well completion requires an understanding of the process limitations of the selected method. Some of the limitations imposed on a gravel packing process are operational. These constraints are more often dictated by operating company philosophy than by technical limitations. In some cases operational goals are in conflict with well productivity goals. A lack of understanding the relationship between the various components and disciplines in gravel packing can magnify productivity problems encountered in gravel packed well completions. This paper presents an alternative approach that challenges the conventional wisdom of gravel packing below fracture pressure. High rate/pressure water packing breaks down damaged perforations with small amounts of gravel at low pump rates and with a limited volume of fluid. This meets the completion objectives of lower cost, higher productivity and simpler field operations. In a previous paper2 examples of HEC "gel" gravel pack completions were presented that demonstrated the beneficial effects of exceeding fracture pressure to enhance the slurry dehydration and increase the packing efficiency. Laboratory research as well as field experience has demonstrated that gravel packing with water is an effective method of placing sand in the perforation tunnels and the annulus.3-4
Cellular and molecular phenotypes of C9orf72 ALS/FTD patient derived iPSC-microglia mono-cultures (2020)

Summary While motor and cortical neurons are affected in C9orf72 ALS/FTD, it remains still largely unknown if and how non-neuronal cells induce or exacerbate neuronal damage. We generated C9orf72 ALS/FTD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into microglia (iPSC-MG) and examined their intrinsic phenotypes. Similar to iPSC motor neurons, C9orf72 ALS/FTD iPSC-MG mono-cultures form G 4 C 2 repeat RNA foci, exhibit reduced C9orf72 protein levels and generate dipeptide repeat proteins. Healthy control and C9orf72 iPSC-MG equivalently express microglial specific genes and display microglial functions including inflammatory cytokine release and phagocytosis of extracellular toxic cargos such as synthetic amyloid beta peptides and healthy human brain synaptoneurosomes. Select C9orf72 iPSC-MG patient lines show inability to efficiently remove phagocytosed contents, suggesting dysfunction of the endosomal-lysosomal pathways. Finally, RNA sequencing revealed overall transcriptional changes in diseased microglia yet no significant differentially expressed microglial-enriched genes. These minimal differences in cellular, molecular and functional characteristics of microglial mono-cultures suggest that a diseased microenvironment is associated with microglial activation and subsequent regulation of neuronal dysfunction.
Modulation of TL (thymus-leukemia) antigens by Fab-fragments of TL antibody. (1968)

Summary Cytotoxic antibodies of H-2 and TL specificities were located in the same 7 S γ-globulin fraction of mouse antiserum. The anti -TL and anti -H-2 activities occurred together in antiserum fractions prepared by Sephadex G 200 gel filtration or by electrophoresis in a Geon block. The modulating activity of TL antiserum (i.e., its capacity to cause the TL + → TL - phenotypic change in cells exposed to the antiserum in the absence of lytic C′) also occurred in the 7 S γ-globulin fraction. When γ-globulin prepared from antiserum by Geon block electrophoresis was digested with papain, cytotoxic activity of both H-2 and TL specificities was lost, but TL modulating activity remained. Thus attachment of univalent TL antibody fragments (Fab) lacking the complement-fixing and other biologic properties of the Fc-fragment was sufficient to induce modulation. Papain digests of H-2 antibody prepared in the same way did not induce modulation of H-2 antigen or of TL antigen, indicating further that modulation of TL antigen is a specific response to TL antibody.
Analysis of Reference Antenna Motion on the JPALS Shipboard Integrity Monitor (2002)

The Shipboard-Relative GPS (SRGPS) variant of the Joint Precision Approach and Landing System (JPALS) is being developed as a single navigation system and is intended to replace the existing multiple systems that provide navigation, precision approach and landing
services to aircraft landing aboard ships. The required navigation system vertical accuracy is envisioned to be on the order of 0.3 m, and the vertical protection level is about 1.1 m with an associated integrity risk of approximately 10-7.

In the SRGPS architectures currently being considered, the JPALS Shipboard Integrity Monitor (JSIM) is one of the reference station based integrity monitoring concepts under study. The function of JSIM is to detect, isolate, and alarm signal-in-space and reference receiver failures. In addition to its integrity monitoring functions, JSIM is
responsible for generating and broadcasting high quality carrier- and code-phase corrections from multiple GPS frequencies. JSIM is a shipboard analog of the LAAS Ground Facility (LGF). Unlike the LGF, however, JSIM is a mobile system and has to deal with reference antennas
that undergo rigid-body and relative motion.

This paper presents the results of analyses which quantify the effect of antenna motion on the performance of one of the JSIM integrity monitors-Measurement Quality Monitor (MQM). The approach taken in this analysis is to model reference antenna motion as a source of additional wide-band and colored noise (i.e., correlated) that corrupts the fundamental GPS observables. Analytical expressions relating the effect of reference antenna motion to the JSIM protection limits are
developed. These expressions are used to generate a set of design curves relating carrier-phase noise due to uncompensated antenna motion to the limits of the MQM.
Efficient deadlock avoidance for streaming computation with filtering (2012)

Parallel streaming computations have been studied extensively, and many languages, libraries, and systems have been designed to support this model of computation. In particular, we consider acyclic streaming computations in which individual nodes can choose to filter , or discard, some of their inputs in a data-dependent manner. In these applications, if the channels between nodes have finite buffers, the computation can deadlock . One method of deadlock avoidance is to augment the data streams between nodes with occasional dummy messages ; however, for general DAG topologies, no polynomial time algorithm is known to compute the intervals at which dummy messages must be sent to avoid deadlock. In this paper, we show that deadlock avoidance for streaming computations with filtering can be performed efficiently for a large class of DAG topologies. We first present a new method where each dummy message is tagged with a destination, so as to reduce the number of dummy messages sent over the network. We then give efficient algorithms for dummy interval computation in series-parallel DAGs. We finally generalize our results to a larger graph family, which we call the CS4 DAGs , in which every undirected Cycle is Single-Source and Single-Sink ( CS 4 ). Our results show that, for a large set of application topologies that are both intuitively useful and formalizable, the streaming model with filtering can be implemented safely with reasonable overhead.
PhotoFile: a digital library for image retrieval (2002)

The paper describes a digital photo archiving and retrieval system. The system employs natural language processing technology to retrieve images based on their captions, and incorporates morphological, syntactic, and semantic information.
New Combined OBC and LDC System for Electric Vehicles With 800 V Battery (2022)

This article proposes a new vehicle charging system (VCS) that combines an on-board charger (OBC) and a low-voltage dc–dc converter (LDC) for electric vehicles with an 800 V battery system. The proposed VCS improves the power density by integrating the LDC and OBC transformers and the LDC primary and OBC secondary components. Moreover, a new method is proposed for reducing the voltage to limit the high voltage generated in the link capacitor due to the multiwinding transformer. Furthermore, the proposed converter can simultaneously charge an auxiliary battery and a main battery. To confirm the validity of the proposed converter, a prototype rated with 3.3 kW OBC and 1.8 kW LDC is analyzed and the operating characteristics are described.
Crystalline silicon on glass device optimization (2005)

Diagnostic test structures and extensive experimentation have quantified the performance effects associated with key device design features of crystalline silicon on glass solar cells, including the impact of contact density, cell isolation scribes, and metal patterning. Using these parameters in combination with suitable models, it is possible to optimize the design of these devices.
Exploration of New Contrasts, Targets, and MR Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques for Neuromuscular Disease – A Workshop Report of Working Group 3 of the Biomedicine and Molecular Biosciences COST Action BM1304 MYO-MRI (2018)

Neuromuscular diseases are characterized by progressive muscle degeneration and muscle weakness resulting in functional disabilities. While each of these diseases is individually rare, they are common as a group, and a large majority lacks effective treatment with fully market approved drugs. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy techniques (MRI and MRS) are showing increasing promise as an outcome measure in clinical trials for these diseases. In 2013, the European Union funded the COST (co-operation in science and technology) action BM1304 called MYO-MRI (www.myo-mri.eu), with the overall aim to advance novel MRI and MRS techniques for both diagnosis and quantitative monitoring of neuromuscular diseases through sharing of expertise and data, joint development of protocols, opportunities for young researchers and creation of an online atlas of muscle MRI and MRS. In this report, the topics that were discussed in the framework of working group 3, which had the objective to: Explore new contrasts, new targets and new imaging techniques for NMD are described. The report is written by the scientists who attended the meetings and presented their data. An overview is given on the different contrasts that MRI can generate and their application, clinical needs and desired readouts, and emerging methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Tetragonal BaTiO3. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Disproportionation of Dipyrrolylquinoxaline Radical Anions via the Internal Protons of the Pyrrole Moieties (2011)

Disproportionation of dipyrrolylquinoxaline radical anions occurs via hydrogen atom transfer from the pyrrole moiety to the quinoxaline moiety to produce monodeprotonated dipyrrolylquinoxaline anions and monohydrodipyrrolylquinoxaline anions. In contrast, simple quinoxaline radical anions without pyrrole moieties are stable, and disproportionation occurs only in the presence of external protons.