gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
End-to-End Lidar-Camera Self-Calibration for Autonomous Vehicles (2023)

Autonomous vehicles are equipped with a multi-modal sensor setup to enable the car to drive safely. The initial calibration of such perception sensors is a highly matured topic and is routinely done in an automated factory environment. However, an intriguing question arises on how to maintain the calibration quality throughout the vehicle’s operating duration. Another challenge is to calibrate multiple sensors jointly to ensure no propagation of systemic errors. In this paper, we propose Camera Lidar Calibration Network (CaLiCaNet), an end-to-end deep self-calibration network which addresses the automatic calibration problem for pinhole camera and Lidar. We jointly predict the camera intrinsic parameters (focal length and distortion) as well as Lidar-Camera extrinsic parameters (rotation and translation), by regressing feature correlation between the camera image and the Lidar point cloud. The network is arranged in a Siamese-twin structure to constrain the network features learning to a mutually shared feature in both point cloud and camera (Lidar-camera constraint). Evaluation using KITTI datasets shows that we achieve 0.154° and 0.059 m accuracy with a reprojection error of 0.028 pixel with a single-pass inference. We also provide an ablative study of how our end-to-end learning architecture offers lower terminal loss (21% decrease in rotation loss) compared to isolated calibration.
Immune Response Following Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Women After Hematopoietic Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01092195.
Video-based document tracking (2004)

This paper presents an approach for tracking paper documents on the desk over time and automatically linking them to the corresponding electronic documents using an overhead video camera. We demonstrate our system in the context of two scenarios, <i>paper tracking</i> and <i>photo sorting</i>. In the paper tracking scenario, the system tracks changes in the stacks of printed documents and books on the desk and builds a complete representation of the spatial structure of the desktop. When users want to find a printed document buried in the stacks, they can query the system based on appearance, keywords, or access time. The system also provides a <i>remote desktop</i> interface for directly browsing the physical desktop from a remote location. In the photo sorting scenario, users sort printed photographs into physical stacks on the desk. The systemautomatically recognizes the photographs and organizes the corresponding digital photographs into separate folders according to the physical arrangement. Our framework provides a way to unify the physical and electronic desktops without the need for a specialized physical infrastructure except for a video camera.
3D Nanometer‐Scale Study of Coexisting Bicontinuous Morphologies in a Block Copolymer/Homopolymer Blend (2006)

Abstract Summary: Coexisting bicontinuous morphologies, one ordered and one disordered, are investigated in a macrophase‐separated poly(styrene‐ block ‐isoprene) diblock copolymer/homopolystyrene (SI/hS) blend. Two‐phase behavior is attributed to the relatively high hS/S mass ratio (0.92). According to its crystallographic signature and channel coordination as discerned from three‐dimensional (3D) images generated by transmission electron microtomography (TEMT), the ordered morphology is classified as gyroid. The 3D local and global topological characteristics of both bicontinuous morphologies as measured directly from TEMT images are reported. The disordered morphology is further compared with molecular‐field simulations to ascertain the spatial distribution of the constituent species within the blend, thereby demonstrating the utility of high‐resolution 3D imaging coupled with molecular‐level simulations. magnified image
Wide Field-of-View and Mid-Range Distance Imaging LIDAR by Digital Micro-Mirror Device (2017)

A Digital Micro-mirror Device enables a fast, wide field-of-view, mid-range distance mapping while minimizing requirements for mechanical scanning components. The optical architecture offers a compact, low-cost solution to an imaging LIDAR with a single detector.
Biodegradable functional polycarbonate micelles for controlled release of amphotericin B (2016)

There is a pressing need for a novel and cost-effective delivery system to reduce the toxicity induced by the antifungal agent, amphotericin B (AmB). In this study, phenylboronic acid-functionalized polycarbonate/PEG diblock copolymers were used to fabricate micelles for improved AmB-micelle interaction via the manipulation of hydrogen-bonding, boronate ester bond, ionic and hydrophobic interactions. Compared to free AmB and Fungizone®, the resultant micellar systems displayed improved stability while reducing non-specific toxicities without a compromise in antifungal activity. These findings demonstrate the potential of biodegradable functional polycarbonate micellar systems as promising carriers of AmB for the treatment of systemic fungal infections.
Validation of the Fast-Neutron Multiplicity Expressions for Fissile Mass Estimation (2018)

Neutron multiplicity analysis is a non-destructive assay technique that involves measurement of the multiplets of neutrons that are emitted from fission of fissile material. Typically, multiplicity analysis is conducted by means of a neutron multiplicity counting (NMC) system that uses capture-based thermal-neutron detectors (e.g., 3He-gas detectors). To relieve the reliance on such detectors, we have developed a fast-neutron multiplicity counting (FNMC) system that uses scatter-based, organic scintillators to directly detect the fast fission neutrons emitted from the sample. One challenge with FNMC systems, however, is that they are prone to effects of neutron cross-talk, where a single neutron may scatter and cause more than one detection event. This leads to an overestimate of the fission rate (F) and inaccurate estimation of other sample parameters such as the leakage multiplication (M) and the alpha-ratio (a) when using the traditional capture-based NMC equations. We have formulated fully generalized multiplicity expressions that account for cross-talk effects for any arbitrary order N. The validity of these expressions were verified with MCNPX-PoliMi simulations and experimental measurements; this paper will present the validation of the proposed generalized multiplicity expressions. Californium-252 and Pu metal plates were measured using the FNMC system and the data was used for neutron multiplicity analysis to estimate sample parameters F, M, and a. We demonstrate that accounting for neutron cross-talk effects of order N = 2 and 3 improves the accuracy of the estimated sample parameters.
Control of Histone H3 Lysine 9 (H3K9) Methylation State via Cooperative Two-step Demethylation by Jumonji Domain Containing 1A (JMJD1A) Homodimer (2013)

Post-translational histone methylation is a dynamic and reversible process that is involved in the spatio-temporal regulation of gene transcription and contributes to various cellular phenotypes. Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9), which is generally a transcriptional repression mark, is demethylated by H3K9-specific demethylases, leading to transcriptional activation. However, how multiple demethylases with the same substrate specificity differ in their chromatin targeting mechanisms has not been well understood. Unlike other H3K9-specific demethylases, it has been reported that JMJD1A likely forms a homodimer, but a detailed mode of dimerization and the possible link between structure and enzymatic activity have remained unresolved. Here, we report the structure-function relationship of JMJD1A in detail. First, JMJD1A forms a homodimer through its catalytic domains, bringing the two active sites close together. Second, increasing the concentration of JMJD1A facilitates efficient production of unmethylated product from dimethyl-H3K9 and decreases the release of the monomethylated intermediate. Finally, substituting one of the two active sites with an inactive mutant results in a significant reduction of the demethylation rate without changing the affinity to the intermediate. Given this evidence, we propose a substrate channeling model for the efficient conversion of dimethylated H3K9 into the unmethylated state. Our study provides valuable information that will help in understanding the redundancy of H3K9-specific demethylases and the complementary activity of their unique structures and enzymatic properties for appropriate control of chromatin modification patterns.
A microprocessor design project in an introductory VLSI course (2000)

An introductory very large scale integration (VLSI) design course has been taught at the University of Michigan (USA) since 1980. In 1990, it was redesigned around a simple 8-bit microprocessor project in the format described in this paper; in 1996, the project was updated to a 16 bit reduced instruction set computer (RISC) processor. The authors describe the course philosophy, content, and the baseline architecture from which class projects begin. The key features of the course are: close coordination of lectures and project activity; prompt and regular feedback on design work; and a schedule which spreads the workload over the full term. In this course, students learn VLSI fundamentals and good design methodology that will be important throughout their careers.
Effect of Microstructure on Corrosion Resistance of a Martensitic Stainless Linepipe (2000)

Abstract Effect of microstructure on corrosion resistance of a martensitic stainless linepipe material was surveyed from viewpoint of sulfide stress cracking (SSC) and carbon dioxide (CO2) corrosion. SSC test resulted that steel having more retained austenite showed higher SSC resistance. In the steels containing 10% or more retained austenite, even a large amount of fresh martensite was not harmful to SSC. The more retained austenite containing samples showed lower strengths, but it was difficult to explain the SSC resistance only by the strength. The corrosion resistance in pure CO2 corrosion environment was not significant different among various microstructure. In very mild sour environment, which contained slight amount of hydrogen sulfide, the corrosion rate of steels containing higher retained austenite showed slightly higher value than the others.
<p>Efficacy of a home discharge care bundle after acute exacerbation of COPD</p> (2019)

In our center, despite more severe COPD and a shorter hospitalization time, the PRADO-BPCO program failed to prove a benefit on the 28 days readmission or death rate when compared with standard care.
Efficient colon wall flattening by improved conformal mapping methodologies for computed tomography colonography (2011)

Conformal mapping provides a unique way to flatten the three-dimensional (3D) colon wall. Visualizing the flattened colon wall supplies an alternative means for the task of detecting abnormality as compared to the conventional endoscopic views. In addition to the visualization, the flattened colon wall carries supplementary geometry and texture information for computer aided detection of abnormality. It is hypothesized that utilizing both the original and the flattened 3D colon walls shall improve the detection capacity of currently available computed tomography colonography. Two major challenges exist for the conformal mapping: (1) accuracy in preserving the essential geometry and (2) efficiency in computing the mapping. This paper describes an improved conformal mapping algorithm over our previous work to accelerate the computing speed and increase the calculation accuracy. Starting from a segmented colon wall, a centerline-based search strategy is applied to remove outliers or topological noise on the segmented colon wall. The de-noised wall is then flattened by the improved conformal mapping algorithm. The algorithm was tested by patient datasets with comparison to our previous algorithm. By a PC platform of 3.0GHz CPU and 8.0 GB ROM memory, the speed was accelerated from more than 70 minutes to less than 5 minutes. In addition to the gain in speed, improvement in accuracy is observed. The gained speed and accuracy are crucially important because of the current challenges in detecting small polyps in the desired high sensitivity and efficiency for screening purpose.
Cloning of a splice variant of rat Phospholipase C-beta4 which is not activated by Gaq (1997)

Previously reported the cloning of a cDNA encoding rat phospholipase C-b4 (PLC-b4), a mammalian homolog of Drosophila NorpA PLC (Kim, M.J., Bahk, Y.Y., Min, 1).S., Lee, S.-J., Ryu, S.H., and Sub, P.-G. (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 194,706-712). We now report the isolation of a splice variant (PLC-b4b). PLC-b4b is identical to the 130 kDa PLC-b4 (PLC-b4a) except that the carboxyl-terminal 162 amino acids of PLC-b4a are replaced with 10 distinct amino acids. The existence of PLC-b4b transcripts in the rat brain was dernonstrated by RT-PCR analysis. Immunological -analysis using polyclonal antibody specific for PLC-b4b revealed that this splice variant exists in the rat brain cytosol. To investigate functional differences between the two forms of PLC-b4, transient expression studies in COS-7 cells were conducted. We found that PLC-b4a is mainly localized in the particulate fraction of the cell and can be activated by Gaq, whereas PLC-b4b is exclusively localized in the soluble fraction and can not be activated by Gaq. In addition both PLC-b4a and PLC-b4b were not activated by G-protein bg-subunits purified from rat brain. These results suggest that the carboxyl-terminal 162 amino acids of PLC-b4a might be required for association of the protein with the particulate fraction and activation by Gaq and suggest that PLC-b4b may be regulated by a different mechanism and play a distinct role in PLC-mediated signal transduction.
Circularly Polarized Shared Aperture K-band Transmitarray and Beamforming S-Band Patch Antenna Array (2023)

This paper presents a circularly polarized shared aperture antenna. The proposed antenna is a combined S-band patch antenna array and a K-band transmitarray antenna. The high-frequency transmitarray feed and the low-frequency patch antenna array share the same aperture area. The high-frequency transmitarray surface only uses a single substrate layer and is electrically transparent to the low-frequency antenna part. With an impressive frequency-ratio of 5.55 and a radiating area of only 10x10 cm the antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth of more than 1 GHz and 5 GHz, and a peak realized gain of 15.35 dBi and 22.85 dBi, in the S- and K-band respectively. Additionally, the low-frequency antenna mode shows a good beamforming performance with a 120-degree steering range with only a 1.25 dB gain variation.
Sensitivity analysis for SoC performance benchmark against interconnect parasitic resistance and capacitance beyond 10-nm FinFET technology (2016)

This paper discusses the performance impact of interconnect parasitic resistance and capacitance for SoC (System on Chip) design beyond 10-nm FinFET technology. As technology scaling advances, the impact of BEOL (Back End of Line) is recognized as one influencer on operating performance. Using typical logic standard cells, sensitivity analysis by DOE (Design of Experiments) shows that the parasitic resistance on wire loads makes a large impact on the cell propagation delay especially with strong cell drivability. Multiple benchmarks show the same tendency that operating performance is degraded by parasitic resistance when strong drivability cells are engaged.
Novel residual prediction scheme for hybrid video coding (2009)

This paper proposes a novel residual prediction scheme. The object of the prediction in general video coding is only the original video data. In order to improve the coding efficiency, we extend the object of the prediction to the residual data. The proposed scheme performs the second prediction for the residual data of transform/quantization. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can save up to 9% of bit-rate without peak signal to noise ratio degradation.
Amphiphilic networks. VII. Synthesis and characterization of pH‐sensitive poly(sulfoethyl methacrylate)‐1‐polyisobutylene networks (1994)

Abstract A series of environmentally sensitive amphiphilic networks consisting of 2‐sulfoethyl methacrylate (SEMA) chains linked by methacrylate‐ditelechelic polyisobutylene (MA–PIB–MA) chains have been prepared and characterized. Network composition was determined after sequential solvent extraction by elemental analysis. These networks are two‐phase microheterogeneous systems containing hydrophobic rubbery PIB domains ( T g ∼ −60°C) and hydrophilic poly(2‐sulfoethyl methacrylate) domains ( T g ∼ −15°C). They exhibit large contact‐angle hysteresis in water which is due to surface segmental mobility and microheterogeneity. By increasing the SEMA content of the networks the contact‐angle hysteresis increases. This phenomenon is due to an increase in the advancing contact angle most likely caused by the migration of the nonpolar PIB domains toward the surface and concomitant decrease of the receding contact angle. These amphiphilic networks exhibit non‐Fickian swelling in n ‐heptane, as well as in water, and show pH‐sensitive swelling in aqueous media. They rapidly and reversibly swell and deswell in response to increasing or decreasing the pH of the media (cycling between pH = 2 and 12). © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Novel design of multimodal MRI/NIR optical contrast agent (2011)

We present a novel, dual modality gadolinium based MRI/near-infrared optical probe. Utilizing a fluorescent dye as a scaffold with attached Gd-chelating moiety, we demonstrated a substantial shortening of T1 relaxation time of water protons <i>in vitro</i>. The probe was compared to the commonly used MRI Gd-based contrast agents Magnevist® and Multihance® and showed superior contrast properties. The enhancement was due to strong albumin binding of the hydrophobic fluorophore and overall rigidification of the contrast agent. Due to the near-infrared optical properties of the probe and excellent MRI activity the proposed construct can be potentially utilized as a dual probe in multimodal MRI/NIR optical imaging.
Extensive studies for effects of nitrogen incorporation into Hf-based high-k gate dielectrics (2006)

Effects of nitrogen incorporation into Hf-based high-k gate dielectrics have been extensively studied via first-principles calculations. Particular emphasis is given to the relationship between incorporation of N atoms and oxygen vacancies (Vos). Three important aspects are outlined in this paper. The first one is the intrinsic effect of N atoms in reducing the leakage current mediated by Vo related gap states. The second one is the suppression of electron charge traps at Vo due to the strong repulsive Coulomb potential from N 3- ions located around Vo. The third one is the acceleration of the Vo formation around N ions. From these analyses, we infer that the amount of N incorporation should be tuned in the fabrication of reliable gate insulators.
DarkGates: A Hybrid Power-Gating Architecture to Mitigate the Performance Impact of Dark-Silicon in High Performance Processors (2021)

To reduce the leakage power of inactive (dark) silicon components, modern processor systems shut-off these components' power supply using low-leakage transistors, called power-gates. Unfortunately, power-gates increase the system's power-delivery impedance and voltage guardband, limiting the system's maximum attainable voltage (i.e., Vmax) and, thus, the CPU core's maximum attainable frequency (i.e., Fmax). As a result, systems that are performance constrained by the CPU frequency (i.e., Fmax-constrained), such as high-end desktops, suffer significant performance loss due to power-gates. To mitigate this performance loss, we propose DarkGates, a hybrid system architecture that increases the performance of Fmax-constrained systems while fulfilling their power efficiency requirements. DarkGates is based on three key techniques: i) bypassing on-chip power-gates using package-level resources (called bypass mode), ii) extending power management firmware to support operation either in bypass mode or normal mode, and iii) introducing deeper idle power states. We implement DarkGates on an Intel Skylake microprocessor for client devices and evaluate it using a wide variety of workloads. On a real 4-core Skylake system with integrated graphics, DarkGates improves the average performance of SPEC CPU2006 workloads across all thermal design power (TDP) levels (35W-91W) between 4.2% and 5.3%. DarkGates maintains the performance of 3DMark workloads for desktop systems with TDP greater than 45W while for a 35W-TDP (the lowest TDP) desktop it experiences only a 2% degradation. In addition, DarkGates fulfills the requirements of the ENERGY STAR and the Intel Ready Mode energy efficiency benchmarks of desktop systems.
Dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity in western Samoa over the 13 year period 1978-1991. (1994)

Obesity and an increasing prevalence of associated conditions such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease are frequently observed in Pacific populations as lifestyles become more modernized. In 1978, a survey conducted in three geographically defined populations in Western Samoa showed large differences in the prevalence of obesity (body mass index (BMI) > or = 30 kg/m2) between rural and urban populations. A follow-up survey using similar methods was performed in 1991 to examine the current level of obesity in these three locations and to assess changes over time. Cross-sectional differences in the prevalence of obesity, mean BMI and waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR) between urban Apia and rural Poutasi and Tuasivi were examined after adjusting for age. There were higher levels of obesity in urban vs rural areas: 74% of women in Apia were obese compared with 62% in Poutasi and 56% in Tuasivi. In men, comparable figures were 57%, 44% and 36% for Apia, Poutasi and Tuasivi respectively. Mean BMIs followed the same pattern. By contrast, WHR varied little between locations. Even in subjects aged 25-34 years, more than 50% of women in all locations, and 45% of urban men were obese. Increasing physical activity in men, but not women, was associated with lower mean BMI. Increasing education level and job status were associated with increasing BMI but these relationships were significant only in men. Multivariate analysis showed age, location (urban), occupation (high status, women), and in men, physical inactivity, to be independently associated with increased risk of obesity. Prevalence of obesity increased dramatically between 1978 and 1991 in all locations, but especially in Tuasivi, where in males the increase was 297% and in females 115%. There was a rightward shift in the distribution of body mass index in both sexes and all locations. These extreme increases in the prevalence of obesity, even in young adults, over the relatively short 13-year study period suggest an increasing burden of chronic diseases facing Western Samoa in the future, and emphasize the need for effective intervention to bring about lifestyle modification.