gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting voltage‐gated calcium channels: developments in peptide and small‐molecule inhibitors for the treatment of neuropathic pain (2012)

Chronic pain affects approximately 20% of people worldwide and places a large economic and social burden on society. Despite the availability of a range of analgesics, this condition is inadequately treated, with complete alleviation of symptoms rarely occurring. In the past 30 years, the voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) have been recognized as potential targets for analgesic development. Although the majority of the research has been focused on Ca(v) 2.2 in particular, other VGCC subtypes such as Ca(v) 3.2 have recently come to the forefront of analgesic research. Venom peptides from marine cone snails have been proven to be a valuable tool in neuroscience, playing a major role in the identification and characterization of VGCC subtypes and producing the first conotoxin-based drug on the market, the ω-conotoxin, ziconotide. This peptide potently and selectively inhibits Ca(v) 2.2, resulting in analgesia in chronic pain states. However, this drug is only available via intrathecal administration, and adverse effects and a narrow therapeutic window have limited its use in the clinic. Other Ca(v) 2.2 inhibitors are currently in development and offer the promise of an improved route of administration and safety profile. This review assesses the potential of targeting VGCCs for analgesic development, with a main focus on conotoxins that block Ca(v) 2.2 and the developments made to transform them into therapeutics.
51‐1: Reflective Full‐Color LCD Using LTPS TFT at 1Hz with Measures against Photo Leakage Current (2016)

Flicker and image persistence are major issues for low frequency driving. The photo leakage current in an outdoor light environment causes further image quality deterioration. We developed 7.0‐inch WUXGA (1200×RGBW×1920) reflective full‐color LCD, equipped with light‐shielding metal layer which suppress photo leakage current, driven by LTPS TFT at 1Hz.
A Neophyl Palladacycle as an Air- and Thermally Stable Precursor to Oxidative Addition Complexes (2021)

The utilization of isolated Palladium Oxidative Addition Complexes (OACs) has had a significant impact on Pd-catalyzed and Pd-mediated cross-coupling reactions. Despite their importance, widespread utility of OACs has been limited by the instability of their precursor complexes. Herein, we report the use of Cámpora's palladacycle as a new, more stable precursor to Pd OACs. Using this palladacycle, a series of biarylphosphine ligated OACs, including those with pharmaceutical-derived aryl halides and relevance to bioconjugation, were prepared.
Secure turbulence-resistant coherent free-space optical communications via chaotic region-optimized probabilistic constellation shaping (2023)

We propose a chaotic region-optimized probabilistic constellation shaping (CRPCS) scheme to enhance the security and the resistance to turbulence for free-space optical (FSO) communications. For this approach, a four-dimensional hyperchaotic system generates a pseudorandom sequence to rotate and encrypt the constellation. Constellation distribution of short pseudorandom sequences behaves as the law of a non-uniform character. Grouping long pseudorandom sequences and counting the characteristics of constellation distribution can realize probabilistic constellation shaping with low and fixed redundant information. We demonstrate a 56 Gbyte/s coherent FSO communication system based on log-normal and Gamma-Gamma turbulence models with a key space of 10<sup>75</sup>. The results show that the optical receiver sensitivity is improved by 0.3-1.1 dB, and the transmission distance is also improved by 3.2%-7.0% in different shaping cases.
Rewriting the Code of Life (2017)

DNA encodes the information necessary for life, but sometimes this code also leads to disease. Scientists have long envisioned the ability to change the DNA sequence in cells to correct disease-causing information. A technology known as CRISPR now enables precise rewriting of DNA sequences, offering unparalleled potential for altering the code of life in human beings as well as other organisms. CRISPR technology holds the promise of curing genetic disease and provides methods to reshape the biosphere for the benefit of human societies and the environment. However, along with these enormous opportunities come safety risks and ethical concerns. This article discusses the uses of CRISPR technology, its potential applications, and the actions we must take to prepare for future developments.
Development of a Downhole Measurement System for Phase Behavior of Reservoir Crude Oils and Retrograde Condensates (2022)

This article reviews the scientific findings that were integrated into a downhole prototype to measure hydrocarbon phase behavior. While laboratory measurements of bubble point pressure (Pb), asphaltene onset pressure (AOP), and dewpoint pressure (Pd) are well established and have been extensively studied, such measurements of reservoir crude oils are novel downhole due to their operational, hydraulic, and interpretational complexities. Furthermore, such laboratory measurements typically take several hours to complete and can only be carried out by skilled personnel. For the downhole measurement, novel science and understanding were developed to reduce the measurement time to minutes and to automate the workflow. This article reviews the science and technology that enabled these downhole measurements to be made rapidly and provides field examples of how sampling is optimized and quality is validated in real time.
Hierarchically Porous Materials in Catalysis (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Acid Catalyst Titanosilicates Conclusions and Outlook References
Easy Single-Step Route to Manganese Oxide Nanoparticles Embedded in Carbon and Their Magnetic Properties (2008)

We present a facile and simple solid-state thermolysis approach for the formation of manganese oxide nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous carbon. This was accomplished through a single-step direct thermolysis of cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate. The as-synhtesized products were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman microscope, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The product consists mainly of Mn3O4 and of MnOOH coated with carbon. The carbon coating was observed when reaction was carried out at 400 °C and the average particle size is 9 nm. The shape of the products can be controlled by varying parameters such as reaction temperature. As the temperature increases from 500 to 700 °C, larger spherical particles were observed without any carbon coating. The magnetic properties of as-synthesized products were evaluated using superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUID). The field-dependent magnetic measurements showed that nanoparticles embedded in carbon exhibited a high coercivity value of 10.5 kOe at 2 K. The saturation magnetization values at 2 K are 42 and 46 emu/g for the reaction temperatures of 500 and 600 °C, respectively.
Allopurinol Use and Risk of Fatal Hypersensitivity Reactions (2015)

The use of allopurinol in patients with asymptomatic hyperuricemia accompanied by renal or cardiovascular diseases statistically significantly increased the risk of hypersensitivity reactions. Physicians should be cautious when prescribing allopurinol to high-risk populations and should consider the potential risks of fatal adverse reactions.
Polysiloxane binder for lithium ion battery electrodes (2023)

An electrode includes a binder and an electroactive material, wherein the binder includes a polymer including a linear polysiloxane or a cyclic polysiloxane. The polymer may be generally represented by Formula I: ##STR00001##
Small Diameter Effects on Internal Flow Boiling (2001)

Abstract Since the 1950’s, the research and industrial communities have developed a body of experimental data and set of analytical tools and correlations for two-phase flow and heat transfer in passages having hydraulic diameter greater than 6 mm or so. These tools include flow regime maps, pressure drop and heat transfer correlations, and critical heat flux limits, as well as strategies for robust thermal management of HVAC systems, electronics, and nuclear power plants. Designers of small systems with thermal management by phase change will need analogous tools to predict and optimize thermal behavior in the mesoscale and smaller sizes. Such systems include a wide range of devices for computation, measurement, and actuation in environments that range from office space to outer space and living systems. This paper examines important proceses that must be considered when channel diameters decrease, including flow distribution issues in single, parallel, and split flows; flow instability in parallel passages; manufacturing tolerances effects; nucleation processes; and wall conductance effects. The discussion focuses on engineering issues for the design of practical systems.
Characterisation of irradiated thin silicon sensors for the CMS phase II pixel upgrade (2017)

The high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider, foreseen for 2026, necessitates the replacement of the CMS experiment’s silicon tracker. The innermost layer of the new pixel detector will be exposed to severe radiation, corresponding to a 1 MeV neutron equivalent fluence of up to Φ e q= 2 × 10 16 cm- 2, and an ionising dose of ≈ 5 MGy after an integrated luminosity of 3000 fb- 1. Thin, planar silicon sensors are good candidates for this application, since the degradation of the signal produced by traversing particles is less severe than for thicker devices. In this paper, the results obtained from the characterisation of 100 and 200 μ m thick p-bulk pad diodes and strip sensors irradiated up to fluences of Φ e q= 1.3 × 10 16 cm- 2 are shown. © 2017, The Author(s).
Synthetic methods for sesquiterpene .alpha.-methylene-.gamma.-lactones (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic methods for sesquiterpene .alpha.-methylene-.gamma.-lactonesM. F. Semmelhack and E. S. C. WuCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 11, 3384–3386Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00427a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00427a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 17478: Cost Effectiveness of Left Atrial Appendage Closure in Atrial Fibrillation Patients With Previous Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack (2013)

Purpose: Once a patient with atrial fibrillation (AF) experiences an embolic event the probability of a second event increases 2.6 fold. The WATCHMAN device for left atrial appendage closure (LAAC)...
DmSAS Is Required for Sialic Acid Biosynthesis in Cultured Drosophila Third Instar Larvae CNS neurons (2011)

Sialylation is an important carbohydrate modification of glycoconjugates that has been shown to modulate many cellular/molecular interactions in vertebrates. In Drosophila melanogaster (Dm), using sequence homology, several enzymes of the sialylation pathway have been cloned and their function tested in expression systems. Here we investigated whether sialic acid incorporation in cultured Dm central nervous system (CNS) neurons required endogenously expressed Dm sialic acid synthase (DmSAS). We compared neurons derived from wild type Dm larvae with those containing a DmSAS mutation (148 bp deletion). The ability of these cells to produce Sia5NAz (sialic acid form) from Ac(4)ManNAz (azide-derivatized N-acetylmannosamine) and incorporate it into their glycoconjugates was measured by tagging the azide group of Sia5NAz with fluorescent agents via Click-iT chemistry. We found that most of the wild type Dm CNS neurons incorporated Sia5NAz into their glycoconjugates. Sialic acid incorporation was higher at the soma than at the neurite and could also be detected at perinuclear regions and the plasma membrane. In contrast, neurons from the DmSAS mutant did not incorporate Sia5NAz unless DmSAS was reintroduced (rescue mutant). Most of the neurons expressed α2,6-sialyltransferase. These results confirm that the mutation was a null mutation and that no redundant sialic acid biosynthetic activity exists in Dm cells, i.e., there is only one DmSAS. They also provide the strongest proof to date that DmSAS is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of sialic acids in Dm CNS neurons, and the observed subcellular distribution of the newly synthesized sialic acids offers insights into their biological function.
Nitrous Oxide Adsorption and Decomposition on Zeolites and Zeolite-like Materials (2022)

Decomposition of N<sub>2</sub>O on modified zeolites, crystalline titanosilicalites, and related amorphous systems is studied by the catalytic and spectroscopic methods. Zinc-containing HZSM-5 zeolites and titanosilicalites with moderate Ti/Si ratios are shown to exhibit a better catalytic performance in N<sub>2</sub>O decomposition as compared with conventionally used Cu/HZSM-5 zeolites and amorphous Cu-containing catalysts. Dehydroxylation of the HZSM-5 zeolite by calcination at 1120 K results in an enhancement of the N<sub>2</sub>O conversion. The mechanism of the reaction and the role of coordinatively unsaturated cations and Lewis acid sites in N<sub>2</sub>O decomposition are discussed on the basis of the spectroscopic data.
Bile acids induce cholera toxin expression in Vibrio cholerae in a ToxT-independent manner (2005)

The production of cholera toxin (CT) during Vibrio cholerae infection results in the hallmark diarrhea that characterizes the disease cholera. The transmembrane protein ToxR was originally identified as a functional transcriptional activator of ctxAB in a heterologous Escherichia coli system. However, direct ToxR activation of the ctxAB promoter in V. cholerae has not been previously demonstrated. Instead, a regulatory cascade has been defined in which the activators ToxRS and TcpPH modulate ctxAB expression by acting in concert to transcriptionally activate another regulator, ToxT. ToxT, in turn, directly activates ctxAB expression as well as expression of the tcp genes and other virulence-associated genes. In this study, we show that ToxRS directly activates ctxAB in a ToxT-independent manner in a classical biotype V. cholerae, and that this activation requires the presence of bile acids. Although the levels of CT induced by this mechanism are lower than levels induced under other in vitro conditions, the bile-dependent conditions described here are more physiologic, being independent of pH and temperature. We further show that the inability of bile acids to stimulate ToxRS-dependent expression of CT in El Tor biotype strains is related to the differences between classical and El Tor ctxAB promoters, which differ in the number of heptad TTTTGAT repeats in their respective upstream regions. The ability of bile acids to stimulate direct activation of ctxAB by ToxRS depends upon the transmembrane domain of ToxR, which may interact with bile acids in the inner membrane of V. cholerae.
Stannate-Based Ceramic Oxide as Anode Materials for Oxide-Ion Conducting Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2016)

Lanthanum-doped barium stannate, Ba<sub>0.98</sub>La<sub>0.02</sub>SnO<sub>3</sub> (LBS) ceramic oxide was developed as an alternative redox stable anode material for oxide-ion conducting, low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (350-650°C). LBS with ZnO as a sintering aid exhibited a high electronic conductivity of 216 S/cm at 650°C under reducing gas conditions. A flexural strength of ~66 MPa at 550°C was obtained for ZnO-doped LBS; further investigation revealed that it can withstand 10 reduction-oxidation and thermal cycles. The performance of ZnO-doped LBS as an anode was determined with a GDC based electrolyte-supported SOFC. The catalytic activity for hydrogen oxidation and oxide conductivity was introduced by infiltration of Ni-GDC precursor. The maximum power densities of 0.28 W/cm<sup>2</sup> (at 0.6 A/cm<sup>2</sup>) and 0.17 W/cm<sup>2</sup> (at 0.36 A/cm<sup>2</sup>) was achieved at 650 and 600°C, respectively, in humidified hydrogen as fuel for 2 wt. % ZnO-doped LBS.
Synthesis of sol-gel encapsulated heme proteins with chemical sensing properties (1999)

Heme proteins such as cytochrome-c (cyt-c), hemoglobin (Hb), and myoglobin (Mb) have been successfully encapsulated in sol-gel derived silica matrices, retaining their spectroscopic properties and chemical function. The thermal stability of cyt-c was significantly improved by immobilization in a porous silica network. Results from optical absorption, resonance Raman, and thermal denaturation studies suggest that biomolecules such as cyt-c design self-specific pores in the silica network according to the size and shape requirements of the biomolecule. Hb and Mb, immobilized using the sol-gel process, bound ligands similar to the proteins in aqueous buffer, and silica-encapsulated manganese myoglobin (MnMb) was a viable detector for nitric oxide (NO).
The Origins of War. From the Stone Age to Alexander the Great. By Arthur Ferrill. 24 × 16.5 cm. Pp. 240, 68 ills. London: Thames and Hudson,1985. ISBN 0-500-25093-6. £12.50. (1986)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Catalytic Asymmetric Syntheses of Tyrosine Surrogates (2008)

Amino acid esters 5−11 as tyrosine mimics have been synthesized in excellent enantioselectivity (up to 99.6% ee) and in good overall chemical yields. The key step in the sequence was the Burk’s [Rh(COD)(2R,5R)-Et-DuPhos]BF4-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of enamides with a variety of reactive functional groups.
Affinity Purification of an Archaeal DNA Replication Protein Network (2010)

Nineteen Thermococcus kodakarensis strains have been constructed, each of which synthesizes a different His(6)-tagged protein known or predicted to be a component of the archaeal DNA replication machinery. Using the His(6)-tagged proteins, stable complexes assembled in vivo have been isolated directly from clarified cell lysates and the T. kodakarensis proteins present have been identified by mass spectrometry. Based on the results obtained, a network of interactions among the archaeal replication proteins has been established that confirms previously documented and predicted interactions, provides experimental evidence for previously unrecognized interactions between proteins with known functions and with unknown functions, and establishes a firm experimental foundation for archaeal replication research. The proteins identified and their participation in archaeal DNA replication are discussed and related to their bacterial and eukaryotic counterparts.
A model for a multi-sourced Green Energy system (2010)

Harnessing renewable energy and distributed generation (DG) are considered to be partial solutions to global energy concerns. This paper presents a model for a Green Energy (GE) system that facilitates integration of multiple renewable energy sources and an electric vehicle (EV). The proposed GE system is suitable for both stand-alone and grid-connected operation. It allows the integration of a wind turbine, a solar (PV) system, an EV with a wireless power interface and an energy storage to the grid through a bidirectional power converter, and is controlled by an energy management system. Each sub-system of the GE system is individually modelled using Simulink™, and then combined together through the energy management system. The proposed model accurately predicts the behaviour of the GE system under various operating conditions, and simulation results indicate that proper coordination between sub-systems is paramount in practice for efficient integration of multiple renewable sources both in grid-connected and stand-alone operations.
Uncontrollable Modes in Double Wall Panels (2001)

Double-glazed windows have a poor transmission loss at low frequency. Since the passive means are more or less exhausted one could think of using an active controller to increase the transmission loss. In the work presented here two speakers in the cavity between the panes are used as actuators. A modal model is derived and validated with data from a laser scanner and measured transfer functions on the structure. From an analysis of this model it is shown that for certain configurations of the double wall panel some modes of the coupled system are uncontrollable and unobservable by speakers and microphones in the cavity, thus limiting the achievable controller performance. This theoretical result is verified by feedforward control experiments on two types of double-glazed windows. For the fully controllable window the transmission loss achieved by the active controller is about twice as large as for the window with uncontrollable modes.
Treating Depression in Alzheimer's Disease:Integration of Differing Guidelines (2000)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the drugs of choice for the treatment of depression in AD patients.
A pK determination method for proteins from titration curves using principle component analysis (2008)

Abstract Principal component analysis (PCA) technique is used for the precise determination of pK values from titration curves of amphoteric molecules, such as proteins and amino acids. A regression model is developed based on the effective charge of amphoteric molecules. Partial domain method, a new algorithm, is introduced to minimize or remove errors in extracted pK values from experimental (titration curve) data with hidden errors, such as sampling errors or experimental uncertainties. For the validation of our algorithm, 3 pK values are determined from the titration curves of glutamic acid and lysine. The extracted pKs are in exact agreement with the original pKs if partial domain method is used to obtain pKs from an exact (uncertainty free) titration curve. In addition, the effects of various uncertainty levels (1%, 2% and 3% noise) in the experimental titration curves are tested using both partial and full domain methods. Analytic results show that partial domain method is very effective in reducing the errors in extracted pKs especially at larger value of redundant number. Next, partial domain based PCA method is applied to extract 5 pKs from the experimental titration curve of hen egg‐white lysozyme protein. These pK values are then used to simulate the isoelectric focusing of lysozyme protein in the presence of 25 biprotic ampholytes in a 2‐D (two‐dimensional) straight microchannel. The transient, as well as focused state behaviors of lysozyme protein are compared between original titration curve (20 pKs) and approximated titration curve (5 pKs) cases. Although there are minor differences at the early stages of focusing, the focusing time, position, and shapes of protein and ampholytes are identical at focused state. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008