gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the abdominal aorta for arterial input function determination in hepatic and renal PET studies. (1992)

A method using the activity in the abdominal aorta of human and animal subjects to noninvasively estimate blood-pool input function in dynamic, abdominal PET scans is proposed and validated in this paper. Partial volume effects due to the aorta's dimensions are corrected by a semi-automated algorithm based on the transaxial resolution in the reconstructed images. The technique was validated by comparing PET measurements of abdominal aortic activity to well counter measurements of arterial blood samples (eight canine renal studies) and to PET measurements of left ventricular cavity activity (eight human hepatic studies). In renal studies, correlation analysis of the areas subtended by the two input functions yielded an essentially unitary slope (1.03 +/- 0.09), with high correlation (R2 greater than 0.95, p less than 0.001). In hepatic studies, similar values (0.99 +/- 0.03 and R2 greater than 0.85, p less than 0.001) were found. Correlation of the blood flow estimates based on the two input functions and a two-compartment model produced slopes of 1.07 +/- 0.16 and 1.03 +/- 0.07, and correlations of (R2 greater than 0.98, p less than 0.001) and (R2 greater than 0.97, p less than 0.001) for the renal and hepatic studies, respectively. We conclude that noninvasive, accurate measurements of the arterial input function by dynamic PET imaging are possible and represent a clinically viable alternative to arterial blood sampling.
Mobile Performance of Diversity Receiver in ATSC 3.0 System (2020)

This paper presents the mobile performance of the diversity receiver in the ATSC 3.0 system through a field test. The field test shows the performance gain of the diversity receiver was significantly improved when the number of antennas used in the field test was increased.
Degradation of the extracellular matrix components by bacterial-derived metalloproteases (2010)

The study shows that microbial-derived proteolytic activity has the capacity to contribute to mucosal homeostasis and may participate in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
The Role of Process Parameters in Blow Molding and Correlation of 3-D Finite Element Analysis with Experiment (1993)

Abstract The paper describes a series of blow molding trials on two different polymers under a variety of processing conditions. The tests were performed to investigate factors that affect the variation of wall thickness in a blow molded part. In addition, a numerical analysis was performed to predict the wall thicknesses. A major outcome of the tests was that the relative thickness distributions in the parts were independent of processing conditions and of the material used to form the part. The primary influence of the processing conditions was to put more or less material into the part, but they did not significantly affect the relative distribution of the polymer. The analysis gave a good overall prediction of wall thickness distributions.
Correlating Particle Number Emissions to the Rotation of the Piston Ring (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Reaching the particle emissions regulatory limits for the combustion engine is a challenge for developers. Particle filters have been the standard solution to reduce particle emissions, but filters are limited in storage capacity and need to be regenerated, a process emitting more carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) as more fuel is consumed to regenerate the filter. In previous research, it was found that the engine can emit large spikes in particle numbers (PNs) under stationary operating conditions. These spikes were several orders of magnitude higher than for the base particle emissions level and occurred seemingly at random. The source of the spikes was believed to be the cylinder-piston-ring system and as 50–99% of the particles stemmed from these spikes, the influence on the particle emissions made it an interesting investigation to find the root cause of it. The experiments were performed for different piston ring loads, locked ring positions, and different oil compositions. The results indicate a possibility to control the PN emissions through the experiment alterations, with locked piston rings having the greatest influence at a higher load. There was no clear relation between ring rotation and flutter with the spikes observed. The locked piston ring configurations did indicate the ring gap not to be the main contributor to the spiking as fully aligned gaps did not result in the highest levels of particle emissions. Variations to the oil composition indicate that a high-volatility oil will emit higher levels of small, sub-10 nm particles compared to the standard baseline oil. A high-viscosity oil instead lowers the particle emissions, possibly due to the higher inner friction at high temperatures reducing the oil ingress into the combustion chamber. The link between the PN spiking phenomenon and the oil pathway past the piston ring was not established through the experiments reported in this publication.&lt;/div&gt;
Search for a charged Higgs boson in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2015)

A search for a charged Higgs boson is performed with a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 0.5 fb -1 collected with the CMS detector in proton-proton collisions at s = 8,TeV. The charged Higgs boson is searched for in top quark decays for m H < m t -m b , and in the direct production pp t(b)H for m H > m t -m b . The H and H tb decay modes in the final states h +jets, h , +jets, and ' ( =e, ) are considered in the search. No signal is observed and 95% confidence level upper limits are set on the charged Higgs boson production. A modelindependent upper limit on the product branching fraction B(t H b) B(H ) = 1.2-0.15% is obtained in the mass range m H = 80-160 GeV, while the upper limit on the cross section times branching fraction (pp t(b)H ) B(H ) = 0.38-0.025 pb is set in the mass range m H + = 180-600 GeV. Here, (pp t(b)H ) stands for the cross section sum (pp t(b)H + ) + (pp t(b)H -). Assuming B(H tb) = 1, an upper limit on (pp t(b)H ) of 2.0-0.13 pb is set for m H = 180-600 GeV. The combination of all considered decay modes and final states is used to set exclusion limits in the m H -tan parameter space in different MSSM benchmark scenarios.
Oxide Semiconductor-Based Flexible Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Thin-Film Transistors Fabricated on Polydimethylsiloxane Elastomer (2016)

We demonstrate flexible organic/inorganic hybrid thin-film transistors (TFTs) on a polydimethysilox- ane (PDMS) elastomer substrate. The active channel and gate insulator of the hybrid TFT are composed of In-Ga-Zn-O (IGZO) and blends of poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF- TrFE)] with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), respectively. It has been confirmed that the fabri- cated TFT display excellent characteristics: the recorded field-effect mobility, sub-threshold voltage swing, and I(on)/I(off) ratio were approximately 0.35 cm2 V(-1) s(-1), 1.5 V/decade, and 10(4), respectively. These characteristics did not experience any degradation at a bending radius of 15 mm. These results correspond to the first demonstration of a hybrid-type TFT using an organic gate insulator/oxide semiconducting active channel structure fabricated on PDMS elastomer, and demonstrate the feasibility of a promising device in a flexible electronic system.
Immunology in the clinic review series; focus on type 1 diabetes and viruses: enterovirus, thymus and type 1 diabetes pathogenesis (2011)

Thymus dysfunction, especially immune suppression, is frequently associated with various virus infections. Whether viruses may disturb the thymus function and play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases is an open issue. Enteroviruses, especially Coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4), have been largely suggested as potential inducers or aggravating factors of type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis in genetically predisposed individuals. Several pathogenic mechanisms of enterovirus-induced T1D have been suggested. One of these mechanisms is the impairment of central self-tolerance due to viral infections. Coxsackievirus-B4 is able to infect murine thymus in vitro and in vivo and to infect human thymus in vitro. Thymic epithelial cells and thymocytes are targets of infection with this virus, and several abnormalities, especially disturbance of maturation/differentiation processes, were observed. Altogether, these data suggest that CV-B infection of thymus may be involved in the pathogenesis of T1D. Further investigations are needed to explore this hypothesis.
Where do we go from here? (2013)

From the US Army Institute of Surgical Research (T.E.R., K.R.G., D.G.B.), Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX; The Norman M. Rich Department of Surgery (T.E.R., K.R.G., D.G.B.), The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect official position or policy of the US Air Force, the US Army, or the Department of Defense. Address for reprints: Todd E. Rasmussen MD, US Army Institute of Surgical Research, Joint Base San Antonio, Fort Sam Houston, TX 78234; email: [email protected].
Mechanism of Bismuth Telluride Exfoliation in an Ionic Liquid Solvent (2015)

Bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) is a well-known thermoelectric material that has a layered crystal structure. Exfoliating Bi2Te3 to produce two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets is extremely important because the exfoliated nanosheets possess unique properties, which can potentially revolutionize several material technologies such as thermoelectrics, heterogeneous catalysts, and infrared detectors. In this work, ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C4mim]Cl) is used to exfoliate Bi2Te3 nanoplatelets. In both experiments and in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, the Bi2Te3 nanoplatelets yield a stable dispersion of 2D nanosheets in the IL solvent, and our MD simulations provide molecular-level insight into the kinetics and thermodynamics of the exfoliation process. An analysis of the dynamics of Bi2Te3 during exfoliation indicates that the relative translation (sliding apart) of adjacent layers caused by IL-induced forces plays an important role in the process. Moreover, an evaluation of the MD trajectories and electrostatic interactions indicates that the [C4mim](+) cation is primarily responsible for initiating Bi2Te3 layer sliding and separation, while the Cl(-) anion is less active. Overall, our combined experimental and computational investigation highlights the effectiveness of IL-assisted exfoliation, and the underlying molecular-level insights should accelerate the development of future exfoliation techniques for producing 2D chalcogenide materials.
On the mechanism of reduction of dithiocarbonates (xanthates) with tributylstannane (1985)

Competition experiments with various dithiocarbonates show that the deoxygenation occurs by addition of stannyl radicals to give (2) followed by fragmentation rather than by direct SH2 attack on sulphide sulphur.
Boron Nitride Nanotube Peapods (2002)

We demonstrate that boron nitride (BN) nanotubes can be filled “peapod” fashion with C60 molecules. Filling small‐diameter BN nanotubes results in a linear chain of C60 molecules in the interior, while filling large diameter BN nanotubes leads to nanorods of crystalline C60 in the interior. Electron beam damage can be used to fuse the encapsulated C60 molecules into carbon nanotubes, leading to carbon nanotubes encased within insulating BN nanotubes. BN nanotubes can also be synthesized with mobile magnetic nanocrystals within their core.
Take off and alighting experiments of a flying boat model in waves (Part 1) (1999)

In the old days, flying boats are widely used because wide sea surface could be utilized as run ways without maintenance.But today, utilization of flying boats is only for the rescue in sea disasters. Considering the small land space like Japan, and considering the situation of great efforts are devoted to the feasibility study on floating airport in Japan, further development of flying boats and supporting floating structures will be useful in the future.For the utilization of flying boats, improvement of seakeeping quality is required. So, we considered to develop the experimental guide system for model flying boat in waves.Fortunately we have long towing tank covered by an air tube like building and equipped with directional wave generator. Utilizing this towing tank as air tube, we developed new guiding system for carrying out landing and take off experiments of the total model of a flying boat.Here, we report about this system and example of recorded time history.
HIV-Specific Functional Antibody Responses in Breast Milk Mirror Those in Plasma and Are Primarily Mediated by IgG Antibodies (2011)

Despite months of mucosal virus exposure, the majority of breastfed infants born to HIV-infected mothers do not become infected, raising the possibility that immune factors in milk inhibit mucosal transmission of HIV. HIV Envelope (Env)-specific antibodies are present in the milk of HIV-infected mothers, but little is known about their virus-specific functions. In this study, HIV Env-specific antibody binding, autologous and heterologous virus neutralization, and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses were measured in the milk and plasma of 41 HIV-infected lactating women. Although IgA is the predominant antibody isotype in milk, HIV Env-specific IgG responses were higher in magnitude than HIV Env-specific IgA responses in milk. The concentrations of anti-HIV gp120 IgG in milk and plasma were directly correlated (r = 0.75; P < 0.0001), yet the response in milk was 2 logarithm units lower than in plasma. Similarly, heterologous virus neutralization (r = 0.39; P = 0.010) and ADCC activity (r = 0.64; P < 0.0001) in milk were directly correlated with that in the systemic compartment but were 2 log units lower in magnitude. Autologous neutralization was rarely detected in milk. Milk heterologous virus neutralization titers correlated with HIV gp120 Env-binding IgG responses but not with IgA responses (r = 0.71 and P < 0.0001, and r = 0.17 and P = 0.30). Moreover, IgGs purified from milk and plasma had equal neutralizing potencies against a tier 1 virus (r = 0.65; P < 0.0001), whereas only 1 out of 35 tested non-IgG milk fractions had detectable neutralization. These results suggest that plasma-derived IgG antibodies mediate the majority of the low-level HIV neutralization and ADCC activity in breast milk.
Low-threshold thin-film III-V lasers bonded to silicon with front and back side defined features (2009)

A III-V thin-film single-quantum-well edge-emitting laser is patterned on both sides of the epitaxial layer and bonded to silicon. Injected threshold current densities of 420 A/cm(2) for gain-guided lasers with bottom p-stripes and top n-stripes and 244 A/cm(2) for index-guided bottom p-ridge and top n-stripe lasers are measured with a lasing wavelength of approximately 995 nm. These threshold current densities, among the lowest for thin-film edge-emitting lasers on silicon reported to date (to our knowledge), enable the implementation of integrated applications such as power-efficient portable chip-scale photonic sensing systems.
Copy Number Loss of the Interferon Gene Cluster in Melanomas Is Linked to Reduced T Cell Infiltrate and Poor Patient Prognosis (2014)

While immunotherapies are rapidly becoming mainstays of cancer treatment, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how to optimally target them, alone or in combination. Here we describe a novel method to monitor levels of immune cells and pathways in expression data from solid tumors using pre-defined groups or modules of co-regulated immune genes. We show that expression of an interconnected sub-network of type I interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in melanomas at the time of diagnosis significantly predicted patient survival, as did, to a lesser extent, sub-networks of T helper/T regulatory and NK/T Cytotoxic cell genes. As a group, poor prognosis tumors with reduced ISG and immune gene levels exhibited significant copy number loss of the interferon gene cluster located at chromosome 9p21.3. Our studies demonstrate a link between type I interferon action and immune cell levels in melanomas, and suggest that therapeutic approaches augmenting both activities may be most beneficial.
Charge Injection Engineering of Ambipolar Field-Effect Transistors for High-Performance Organic Complementary Circuits (2011)

Ambipolar π-conjugated polymers may provide inexpensive large-area manufacturing of complementary integrated circuits (CICs) without requiring micro-patterning of the individual p- and n-channel semiconductors. However, current-generation ambipolar semiconductor-based CICs suffer from higher static power consumption, low operation frequencies, and degraded noise margins compared to complementary logics based on unipolar p- and n-channel organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Here, we demonstrate a simple methodology to control charge injection and transport in ambipolar OFETs via engineering of the electrical contacts. Solution-processed caesium (Cs) salts, as electron-injection and hole-blocking layers at the interface between semiconductors and charge injection electrodes, significantly decrease the gold (Au) work function (∼4.1 eV) compared to that of a pristine Au electrode (∼4.7 eV). By controlling the electrode surface chemistry, excellent p-channel (hole mobility ∼0.1-0.6 cm(2)/(Vs)) and n-channel (electron mobility ∼0.1-0.3 cm(2)/(Vs)) OFET characteristics with the same semiconductor are demonstrated. Most importantly, in these OFETs the counterpart charge carrier currents are highly suppressed for depletion mode operation (I(off) < 70 nA when I(on) > 0.1-0.2 mA). Thus, high-performance, truly complementary inverters (high gain >50 and high noise margin >75% of ideal value) and ring oscillators (oscillation frequency ∼12 kHz) based on a solution-processed ambipolar polymer are demonstrated.
Record Ultra-low Phase Noise 12 GHz Signal Generation with a Fiber Optical Frequency Comb and Measurement (2016)

We demonstrate a 12 GHz signal with a record absolute phase noise of −167 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz and −170 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz. We have developed a specific measurement setup for charactering this ultra-low phase noise.
An Expedient Method for Resolution of 3-Amino-3-(3‘-pyridyl)propionic Acid and Related Compounds (2000)

Preparation of methyl (S)-3-amino-3-(3‘-pyridyl)propionate dihydrochloride in high enantiomeric purity by selective crystallization of a diastereomeric salt of a carboxylic acid precursor (N-BOC-protected) with (1R,2S)-(−)-ephedrine is described. Further demonstration of the usefulness of this procedure to resolve other 3-amino-3-[(substituted)pyridyl]propionic acids is also described.
Supercollimation in photonic crystals composed of silicon rods (2008)

Supercollimation is the propagation of light without diffraction using the properties of photonic crystals. We present the first experimental demonstration of supercollimation in a planar photonic crystal composed of nanoscale rods. Supercollimation was observed over distances of up to 1000 lattice periods.
Cognitive Task Performance During Titration Predicts Deep Brain Stimulation Treatment Efficacy: Evidence From a Case Study (2020)

www.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01512134.
Miscibility enhancement on the poly(vinylchloride)/poly(methylmethacrylate) blend and characterization by inverse gas chromatography: The corrected polymer–polymer interaction parameters from the probes dependency (2011)

Abstract The miscibility of poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(methylmethacrylate) (PVC/PMMA) system was improved by introducing some pyrrolidone units into the main chains of PMMA. For that purpose, we have synthesized two copolymers of poly(methylmethacrylate‐ co ‐vinylpyrrolidone) (MMVP) through a radical polymerization and carried out a comparative study of PVC/MMVP blends by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) methods. The adequacy of seven n ‐alkane probes has been tested to determine the thermodynamic parameters. The miscibility of the two systems has been proved by a single T g for each blend. This observation was also confirmed by DSC analysis. To highlight the presence of interaction and its intensity between PVC and MMVP in the blends, the polymer–polymer interaction parameters have been evaluated by IGC trough which the influence of the solute has been resolved. The Schneider approach confirmed the miscibility of these systems as the K deviates positively from unity. The miscibility has been appeared highlighted from the positive difference in surface energy between the pure polymers and their blends. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Strong stabilization of liquid amorphous calcium carbonate by polymers and proteins (2014)

We have studied the effect of bio-inspired polymers and proteins like ovalbumin, lysozyme and silicatein, which are present in the first stage of egg shell formation or in the formation of siliceous spicules of sponges, on the homogeneous formation of the liquid-amorphous calcium carbonate (LACC) precursor, by a combination of complementary methods like in situ WAXS, light scattering, TEM and cryo-TEM. Lysozyme destabilizes the LACC emulsion, whereas ovalbumin extends the lifetime of the emulsified state. We demonstrate that ovalbumin acts as a stabilizer for a polymer-induced liquid precursor (PILP) process. We propose that the liquid amorphous calcium carbonate is affected by polymers by depletion stabilization and de-emulsification rather than induced by acidic proteins and polymers during a polymer-induced liquid precursor process. Thus, the original PILP coating effect appears to be a result of a de-emulsification process of a stabilized LACC phase. Silicatein-α is responsible for the biomineralization of silica in sponges guides the self-assembly of calcite "spicules" similar to the spicules of the calcareous sponge Sycon. The self-assembled spicules, 10-300 µm in length and 5-10 µm in diameter, are composed of aligned calcite nanocrystals. The spicules are initially amorphous but transform into calcite within months, exhibiting unusual growth along [100]. While natural spicules evidence brittle failure, the synthetic spicules show an elastic response which greatly enhances bending strength. Later stages of nucleation have been studied by "trapping" nuclei from solution by shock-freezing of droplets in liquid ethane (cryo-TEM). This yields snapshots of the structure formation process at given point. In a first step the full determination of the structure of vaterite, one of the common CaCO3 polymorphs, was solved on nanometer-sized crystallites by electron crystallography. These results demonstrate that crystals that are too small for single-crystal X-ray diffraction and too difficult to solve by powder diffraction may nevertheless be amenable to accurate structure determination by electron crystallography.