gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upper Airway Gene Expression in Smokers: The Mouth as a “Window to the Soul” of Lung Carcinogenesis? (2010)

This perspective on Boyle et al. (beginning on page 266 in this issue of the journal) explores transcriptomic profiling of upper airway epithelium as a biomarker of host response to tobacco smoke exposure. Boyle et al. have shown a striking relationship between smoking-related gene expression changes in the mouth and bronchus. This relationship suggests that buccal gene expression may serve as a relatively noninvasive surrogate marker of the physiologic response of the lung to tobacco smoke that could be used in large-scale screening and chemoprevention studies for lung cancer.
Applying design of experiments to evaluate economic feasibility of rare-earth element recovery (2020)

This study applies design of experiments (DOE) methods in the conduct of a techno-economic assessment (TEA) on a newly developed rare-earth element (REE) recovery process. The goal of this effort is to identify main factors that affect the profitability of the process. We construct a factorial design with net profit as the response, where the experimental data are generated by simulation of different scenarios. The effects of different factors and their interactions are determined. Based on these results, a desirable recovery strategy is proposed. It is envisioned that the methods applied in the study can be utilized in other situations to promote the application of TEA in value recovery approaches.
Synthesis, electrochemical and spectroscopic properties of ruthenium(ii) complexes containing 2,6-di(1H-imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)aryl ligands (2015)

Five mono and dinuclear ruthenium complexes containing various symmetrical 2,6-di(1<italic>H</italic>-imidazo[4,5-<italic>f</italic>][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)aryl ligands were synthetized and their physical–chemical properties were studied.
A Laser Flash Photolysis Study of Dibromocarbene and Bromochlorocarbene (1998)

Laser flash photolysis (LFP, XeCl, 308 nm) of 11,11-dibromotricyclo[4.4.1.01.6]undeca-2,4,8-triene (1) or 10,10-dibromotricyclo[4.3.1.01,6]deca-2,4-diene (2a) produces CBr2 and an aromatic compound. Bromochlorocarbene is produced by LFP of 10-bromo-10-chlorotricyclo[4.3.1.01,6]deca-2,4-diene (2b). The carbenes are trapped by pyridine to form ylides. The lifetimes of CBr2 and CBrCl and their absolute reactivities toward pyridine and alkenes have been determined. The relative reactivity of CBr2 toward alkenes determined by LFP methods is in excellent agreement with that determined previously by chemical analysis of reaction mixtures, and the rate constant data reveal that the absolute reactivity of CBrCl more closely resembles that of CBr2 rather than that of CCl2.
Neural Coding of Spatial Phase in V1 of the Macaque Monkey (2003)

We examine the responses of single neurons and pairs of neurons, simultaneously recorded with a single tetrode in the primary visual cortex of the anesthetized macaque monkey, to transient presentations of stationary gratings of varying spatial phase. Such simultaneously recorded neurons tended to have similar tuning to the phase of the grating. To determine the response features that reliably discriminate these stimuli, we use the metric-space approach extended to pairs of neurons. We find that paying attention to the times of individual spikes, at a resolution of approximately 30 ms, and keeping track of which neuron fires which spike rather than just the summed local activity contribute substantially to phase coding. The contribution is both quantitative (increasing the fidelity of phase coding) and qualitative (enabling a 2-dimensional "response space" that corresponds to the spatial phase cycle). We use a novel approach, the extraction of "temporal profiles" from the metric space analysis, to interpret and compare temporal coding across neurons. Temporal profiles were remarkably consistent across a large subset of neurons. This consistency indicates that simple mechanisms (e.g., comparing the size of the transient and sustained components of the response) allow the temporal contribution to phase coding to be decoded.
Interfacial Carbon Makes Nano‐Particulate RuO2 an Efficient, Stable, pH‐Universal Catalyst for Splitting of Seawater (2022)

An electrocatalyst composed of RuO<sub>2</sub> surrounded by interfacial carbon, is synthesized through controllable oxidization-calcination. This electrocatalyst provides efficient charge transfer, numerous active sites, and promising activity for pH-universal electrocatalytic overall seawater splitting. An electrolyzer with this catalyst gives current densities of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> at a record low cell voltage of 1.52 V, and shows excellent durability at current densities of 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> for up to 100 h. Based on the results, a mechanism for the catalytic activity of the composite is proposed. Finally, a solar-driven system is assembled and used for overall seawater splitting, showing 95% Faraday efficiency.
Nutrient Regulation by Continuous Feeding for Large-scale Expansion of Mammalian Cells in Spheroids (2016)

In this demonstration, spheroids formed from the β-TC6 insulinoma cell line were cultured as a model of manufacturing a mammalian islet cell product to demonstrate how regulating nutrient levels can improve cell yields. In previous studies, bioreactors facilitated increased culture volumes over static cultures, but no increase in cell yields were observed. Limitations in key nutrients such as glucose, which were consumed between batch feedings, can lead to limitations in cell expansion. Large fluctuations in glucose levels were observed, despite the increase in glucose concentrations in the media. The use of continuous feeding systems eliminated fluctuations in glucose levels, and improved cell growth rates when compared with batch fed static and SSB culture methods. Additional increases in growth rates were observed by adjusting the feed rate based on calculated nutrient consumption, which allowed the maintenance of physiological glucose over three weeks in culture. This method can also be adapted for other cell types.
ChemInform Abstract: Rate Constants for 1,2‐Hydrogen Migration in Cyclohexylidene and in Substituted Cyclohexylidenes. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In-position optical surface measurement for x-ray projection lithography optics: theory and simulation (1993)

A technique is proposed to measure x-ray projection optics. Simultaneous linear equations are derived from the wavefront distortions to obtain form errors of optical surfaces discretely. Simulations proved that the arithmetic operation errors are small enough to achieve nanometer level accuracy. This technique is effective to test aspheric reflectors, as well as the reflector misalignments. It also is able to be applied to adaptive optics compensating for thermal deformation effects or drifts on the exposure system.
Optimal color primaries for three- and multiprimary wide gamut displays (2008)

We present a collection of principles to compare two sets of color primaries for wide gamut displays. A new, algorithmic threedimensional method to find optimal color primaries both for threeprimary and multiprimary displays is described. The method was implemented in a computer program. The resulting optimal color primary sets are discussed. We show that two-dimensional methods to find optimal color primaries by using a chromaticity diagram are inferior to three-dimensional optimization techniques that include luminance information.
Experimental parameter estimation of vehicles GPS shadows by Forward scattering systems (2017)

In this paper, we conduct an experimental study with the aim to obtain a large number of estimates of various parameters characterizing the GPS shadows created by three types of moving vehicles. The experimental cars have a similar size and therefore, the obtained estimates have similar values. From the results, it can be seen that the cars can be differentiated by means of their shadow parameters.
Self-assembly of amphiphilic poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) on magnetic latex particles and their application as a reusable scale inhibitor (2020)

The deposition of scale on membranes or container and pipe surfaces (clogging the system) is a costly issue in water treatment processes or water-cooling systems. To effectively cope with this issue, magnetic polymeric nanoparticles (MPNPs) have been developed and applied as promising scale inhibitors, due to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio, surface modifiability, and magnetic separation ability. Carboxylated MPNPs, having a monodisperse size distribution (236 ± 26 nm) with a high magnetic content of 70 wt% and superparamagnetic properties, were fabricated by using a 2-step process: (i) formation of clusters of hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles stabilized by oleic acid (OA-MNPs), and (ii) self-assembly of the amphiphilic block copolymer of poly(styrene<sub>27</sub>-<i>b</i>-acrylic acid<sub>120</sub>) (PS<sub>27</sub>-<i>b</i>-PAA<sub>120</sub>) onto the cluster surfaces. With application of ultrasonication to 12.0 wt% OA-MNPs, a three-dimensional network was formed by particle-particle interactions, suppressing coalescence, and then creating stable magnetic clusters. The cluster surfaces were then adsorbed by amphiphilic PS<sub>27</sub>-<i>b</i>-PAA<sub>120</sub> <i>via</i> the attractive force between hydrophobic PS blocks. This moves longer hydrophilic PAA blocks containing carboxylic acid groups into the water phase. The formulated MPNPs acted as a nanosorbent for calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) removal with a removal efficiency of 92%. The MPNPs can be effectively reused for up to 4 cycles. Based on the electrostatic interactions between the negatively-charged polymer and the hydrated Ca<sup>2+</sup>, the resulting precipitation leads to the prevention of calcium carbonate scale formation. Insights into this mechanism open up a new perspective for magnetic-material applications as effective antiscalants.
SkBQ — Prooxidant addressed to mitochondria (2013)

Oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are the key links in the chain of development of pathologies associated with the violation of cellular energy metabolism. Development of mitochondria-addressed compounds highly specific for chemical processes is one of the most promising ways to develop approaches to the treatment of inherited and age-related diseases with mitochondrial etiology. Correlation of structure and chemical activity of the test compounds from a class of lipophilic cations revealed the key role of substituents in the aromatic ring of 1,4-benzoquinones in the manifestation of high antioxidant properties. In this work, it is shown that a synthesized benzoquinone derivative conjugated in position 6 with membrane-penetrating cation of decyltriphenylphosphonium and with substituents at position 2, 3, and 5 (SkBQ) has much lower antioxidant and significantly higher prooxidant activity in comparison with similar derivatives of plasto- and toluquinone SkQ1 and SkQT1 in experiments on isolated mitochondria. At the same time, SkBQ, like SkQ1 and SkQT1, can be reduced by the respiratory chain in the center i of complex III and decrease the mitochondrial membrane potential. In cell cultures of human fibroblasts, it was revealed that SkBQ does not protect cells from apoptosis induced by hydrogen peroxide. Under the same conditions, SkQ1 and SkQT1 exhibit a powerful protective effect. Thus, SkBQ can be seen as a mitochondria-addressed prooxidant. The possibility of using SkBQ as an anticancer drug for the treatment of cancers such as prostate cancer whose cells are sensitive to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species is discussed.
The C-protein tetramer binds 230 to 240 nucleotides of pre-mRNA and nucleates the assembly of 40S heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles (1994)

A series of in vitro protein-RNA binding studies using purified native (C1)3C2 and (A2)3B1 tetramers, total soluble heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP), and pre-mRNA molecules differing in length and sequence have revealed that a single C-protein tetramer has an RNA site size of 230 to 240 nucleotides (nt). Two tetramers bind twice this RNA length, and three tetramers fold monoparticle lengths of RNA (700 nt) into a unique 19S triangular complex. In the absence of this unique structure, the basic A- and B-group proteins bind RNA to form several different artifactual structures which are not present in preparations of native hnRNP and which do not function in hnRNP assembly. Three (A2)3B1 tetramers bind the 19S complex to form a 35S assembly intermediate. Following UV irradiation to immobilize the C proteins on the packaged RNA, the 19S triangular complex is recovered as a remnant structure from both native and reconstituted hnRNP particles. C protein-RNA complexes composed of three, six, or nine tetramers (one, two, or three triangular complexes) nucleate the stoichiometric assembly of monomer, dimer, and trimer hnRNP particles. The binding of C-protein tetramers to RNAs longer than 230 nt is through a self-cooperative combinatorial mode. RNA packaged in the 19S complex and in 40S hnRNP particles is efficiently spliced in vitro. These findings demonstrate that formation of the triangular C protein-RNA complex is an obligate first event in the in vitro and probably the in vivo assembly the 40S hnRNP core particle, and they provide insight into the mechanism through which the core proteins package 700-nt increments of RNA. These findings also demonstrate that unless excluded by other factors, the C proteins are likely to be located along the length of nascent transcripts.
Pyrrolizidinone and indolizidinone synthesis: generation and intramolecular addition of .alpha.-acylamino radicals to olefins and allenes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrrolizidinone and indolizidinone synthesis: generation and intramolecular addition of .alpha.-acylamino radicals to olefins and allenesDuane A. Burnett, Joong Kwon Choi, David J. Hart, and Yeun Min TsaiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 26, 8201–8209Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00338a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00338a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views714Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Local spatial frequency analysis for computer vision (2018)

Abstract: "A sense of vision is a prerequisite for a robot to function in an unstructured environment. However, real-world scenes contain many interacting phenomena that lead to complex images which are difficult to interpret automatically. Typical computer vision research proceeds by analyzing various effects in isolation (e.g. shading, texture, stereo, defocus), usually on images devoid of realistic complicating factors. This leads to specialized algorithms which fail on real-world images. Part of this failure is due to the dichotomy of useful representations for these phenomena.Some effects are best described in the spatial domain, while others are more naturally expressed in frequency. In order to resolve this dichotomy, we present the combined space/frequency representation which, for each point in an image, shows the spatial frequencies at that point. Within this common representation, we develop a set of simple, natural theories describing phenomena such as texture, shape, aliasing and lens parameters. We show how these theories lead to algorithms for shape from texture and for dealiasing image data. The space/frequency representation should be a key aid in untangling the complex interaction of phenomena in images, allowing automatic understanding of real-world scenes."
Integrating QKD in telecommunication networks (2010)

To date, QKD development has mostly focused in non-shared point-to-point links. Despite its limitations, this is the only technology commercially available today, and this makes it even more expensive and not easily deployable. The integration of QKD with the commercial network infrastructure would open the possibility of a scalable deployment and without requiring a massive initial investment QKD could reach a broader market. Current metro area networks are evolving towards optical, passive infrastructures and this opens up a good window of opportunity for QKD integration, since an all-optical clear path among two points in the network is no longer unfeasible or extremely expensive. However, the simultaneous propagation of quantum and classical signals over a shared link poses important problems due to the spilling of photons coming from classical signals. In this talk I’ll present current architectures for all optical metro networks and discuss our results in the integration of QKD in commercial networks
Strain engineering of the electronic states of silicon-based quantum emitters (2023)

Light-emitting complex defects in silicon have been considered a potential platform for quantum technologies based on spin and photon degrees of freedom working at telecom wavelengths. Their integration in complex devices is still in its infancy, and it was mostly focused on light extraction and guiding. Here we address the control of the electronic states of carbon-related impurities (G-centers) via strain engineering. By embedding them in patches of silicon on insulator and topping them with SiN, symmetry breaking along [001] and [110] directions is demonstrated, resulting in a controlled splitting of the zero phonon line (ZPL), as accounted for by the piezospectroscopic theoretical framework. The splitting can be as large as 18 meV and it is finely tuned by selecting patch size or by moving in different positions on the patch. Some of the split, strained ZPLs are almost fully polarized and their overall intensity is enhanced up to 7 times with respect to the flat areas, whereas their recombination dynamics is slightly affected. Our technique can be extended to other impurities and Si-based devices such as suspended bridges, photonic crystal microcavities, Mie resonators, and integrated photonic circuits.
Simple Precoder for High-speed Optical Duobinary Transmission (2002)

We present a simple precoder for optical duobinary transmission without the need for an external feedback tap. By avoiding this external feedback tap we are able to overcome the speed limit imposed by high speed data transmission affecting all previously published approaches [5, 6]. The hardware implementation of the proposed precoder is realized using standard logic ICs, in our case operating at 10 Gbit/s. We show experimentally that error free duobinary transmission with long PRBS sequences (2 23 - 1) is possible. Using our simple precoder and a duobinary filter as an encoder enables the conversion of a standard binary transmission scheme into a duobinary transmission scheme as an add-on feature. Since standard logic ICs are used, a precoder upgrade to 40 Gb/s can be done in a straightforward way.
Correspondence Transfer for the Registration of Multimodal Images (2007)

Gene expression data provide information on the location where certain genes are active; in order for this to be useful, such a location must be registered to an anatomical atlas. Because gene expression maps are considerably different from each other - they display the expression of different genes - and from the anatomical atlas, this problem is currently addressed either manually by trained experts, or by neglecting all image information and only using the pre-segmented boundaries. In this manuscript we concentrate on data discrepancy measures that take into account image information when this is present in both the target and template images. We exploit such "bi-lateral" structures to drive the correspondence process in regions where the intensity information is inconsistent, analogously to a "motion in- painting" task. Although no ground truth can be established, and prior information clearly plays a key role, we show that our model achieves desirable results on subjective tests validated by expert subjects.
Supplementary Figure S6 from A Clinical PET Imaging Tracer ([<sup>18</sup>F]DASA-23) to Monitor Pyruvate Kinase M2–Induced Glycolytic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Western blot analysis of PKM2 expression in IC-1&lt;/p&gt;
Implementation and performance evaluation of a reclosing method for shunt reactor-compensated transmission lines (2011)

Summary form only given. This paper proposes a new control method to reduce overvoltages due to three-phase reclosing for shunt compensated transmission lines (TL). The method detects the first minimum voltage region of the beating across the circuit breakers after protection dead time and works independently of voltage zero crossing, reducing significantly the reclosure time. The controller was tested on a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) and its performance was compared to the traditional preinsertion resistor approach and another existing control method.
Basic Performance Test of a Prototype PET Scanner Using CdTe Semiconductor Detectors (2009)

A prototype positron emission tomography (PET) scanner using CdTe semiconductor detectors was developed, and its initial evaluation was conducted. The scanner was configured to form a single detector ring with six separated detector units, each having 96 detectors arranged in three detector layers. The field of view (FOV) size was 82 mm in diameter. Basic physical performance indicators of the scanner were measured through phantom studies and confirmed by rat imaging. The system-averaged energy resolution and timing resolution were 5.4% and 6.0 ns (each in FWHM) respectively. Spatial resolution measured at FOV center was 2.6 mm FWHM. Scatter fraction was measured and calculated in a National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA)-fashioned manner using a 3-mm diameter hot capillary in a water-filled 80-mm diameter acrylic cylinder. The calculated result was 3.6%. Effect of depth of interaction (DOI) measurement was demonstrated by comparing hot-rod phantom images reconstructed with and without DOI information. Finally, images of a rat myocardium and an implanted tumor were visually assessed, and the imaging performance was confirmed.