gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of 32 x 128 and 32 x 32 Geiger-mode APD FPAs for single photon 3D LADAR imaging (2011)

We present results obtained from 3D imaging focal plane arrays (FPAs) employing planar-geometry InGaAsP/InP Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) with high-efficiency single photon sensitivity at 1.06 &mu;m. We report results obtained for new 32 x 128 format FPAs with 50 &mu;m pitch and compare these results to those obtained for 32 x 32 format FPAs with 100 &mu;m pitch. We show excellent pixel-level yield-including 100% pixel operability-for both formats. The dark count rate (DCR) and photon detection efficiency (PDE) performance is found to be similar for both types of arrays, including the fundamental DCR vs. PDE tradeoff. The optical crosstalk due to photon emission induced by pixel-level avalanche detection events is found to be qualitatively similar for both formats, with some crosstalk metrics for the 32 x 128 format found to be moderately elevated relative to the 32 x 32 FPA results. Timing jitter measurements are also reported for the 32 x 128 FPAs.
Tristetraprolin overexpression drives hematopoietic changes in young and middle-aged mice generating dominant mitigating effects on induced inflammation in murine models (2023)

Tristetraprolin (TTP), encoded by Zfp36 in mice, is one of the best-characterized tandem zinc-finger mRNA binding proteins involved in mRNA deadenylation and decay. TTPΔARE mice lack an AU-rich motif in the 3'-untranslated regions of TTP mRNA, leading to increased TTP mRNA stability and more TTP protein, resulting in elevated mRNA decay rates of TTP targets. We examined the effect of TTP overexpression on the hematopoietic system in both young and middle-aged mice using TTPΔARE mice and found alterations in blood cell frequencies, with loss of platelets and B220 cells and gains of eosinophils and T cells. TTPΔARE mice also have skewed primitive populations in the bone marrow, with increases in myeloid-biased hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but decreases in granulocyte/macrophage-biased multipotent progenitors (MPP3) in both young and middle-aged mice. Changes in the primitive cells' frequencies were associated with transcriptional alterations in the TTP overexpression cells specific to age as well as cell type. Regardless of age, there was a consistent elevation of transcripts regulated by TNFα and TGFβ signaling pathways in both the stem and multipotent progenitor populations. HSCs with TTP overexpression had decreased reconstitution potential in murine transplants but generated hematopoietic environments that mitigated the inflammatory response to the collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) challenge, which models rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune disorders. This dampening of the inflammatory response was even present when there was only a small frequency of TTP overexpressing cells present in the middle-aged mice. We provide an analysis of the early hematopoietic compartments with elevated TTP expression in both young and middle-aged mice which inhibits the reconstitution potential of the HSCs but generates a hematopoietic system that provides dominant repression of induced inflammation.
An Open EDFA Gain Spectrum Dataset and Its Applications in Data-driven EDFA Gain Modeling (2023)

Optical networks satisfy high bandwidth and low latency requirements for telecommunication networks and data center interconnection. To improve the network resource utilization, machine learning (ML) is used to accurately model optical amplifiers such as erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) which impact end-to-end system performance such as quality of transmission (QoT). However, a comprehensive measurement dataset is required for ML to accurately predict an EDFA’s wavelength-dependent gain. We present an open dataset consisting of 202,752 gain spectrum measurements collected from 16 commercial-grade ROADM booster and pre-amplifier EDFAs under varying gain settings and diverse channel loading configurations over 2,785 hours in total, with a total dataset size of 3.1 GB. With this EDFA dataset, we implemented component-level deep neural network (DNN) based EDFA models and use transfer learning (TL) to transfer the EDFA model among 16 ROADM EDFAs, which achieve less than 0.18/0.24 dB mean absolute error for booster/pre-amplifier gain prediction using only 0.5% of the full target training set. We also showed that TL reduces the EDFA data collection requirements on a new gain setting or a different type of EDFA on the same ROADM.
Channel Characterization and Validation of Ray Tracing Simulations with Measurements at 60 GHz in Office Environment (2020)

The main target of this paper is to compare and validate the simulation results acquired from the in-house developed Ray Tracing (RT) tool with the measurements conducted in a typical office environment at 60 GHz. The in-house built RT tool utilizes the Image Theory (IT) for finding the propagation paths between the Transmitter (Tx) and the Receiver (Rx). The channel characteristics considered for the analysis are the path loss (PL), Power Angular Spectrum (PAS) and Root Mean Square (RMS) Delay Spread (DS). The target is to consider the match between the measurement and simulation results, and determine the effectiveness of simulations in predicting different characteristics of the channel at 60 GHz in an office environment. The indoor channel is analyzed at nine different locations, where we have studied the channel characteristics with respect to two receiver antenna orientations i.e., Direct Orientation (DO) and the Best Indirect Orientation (BIO). The observed RMS error between measured and simulated path loss is around 2.8 dB and 1.8 dB in DO and BIO, respectively. Measurement and simulation results can be used in e.g. physical layer performance studies that exploit the multipath propagation in an indoor office environment. Simulation results show that the proposed RT tool can be useful and reliable for characterizing the 60 GHz indoor channel.
Innovative, new and advanced high voltage power supply for capacitor charging at linear collider. Final report (2000)

No abstract prepared.
ICRP Publication 131: Stem cell biology with respect to carcinogenesis aspects of radiological protection (2016)

Current knowledge of stem cell characteristics, maintenance and renewal, evolution with age, location in ‘niches’, and radiosensitivity to acute and protracted exposures is reviewed regarding haematopoietic tissue, mammary gland, thyroid, digestive tract, lung, skin, and bone. The identity of the target cells for carcinogenesis continues to point to the more primitive and mostly quiescent stem cell population (able to accumulate the protracted sequence of mutations necessary to result in malignancy), and, in a few tissues, to daughter progenitor cells. Several biological processes could contribute to the protection of stem cells from mutation accumulation: (1) accurate DNA repair; (2) rapid induced death of injured stem cells; (3) retention of the intact parental strand during divisions in some tissues so that mutations are passed to the daughter differentiating cells; and (4) stem cell competition, whereby undamaged stem cells outcompete damaged stem cells for residence in the vital niche. DNA repair mainly operates within a few days of irradiation, while stem cell replications and competition require weeks or many months depending on the tissue type. This foundation is used to provide a biological insight to protection issues including the linear-non-threshold and relative risk models, differences in cancer risk between tissues, dose-rate effects, and changes in the risk of radiation carcinogenesis by age at exposure and attained age.
Toward an exemplar-based computational model for cognitive grammar (1998)

An exemplar-based computational framework is presented which is compatible with Cognitive Grammar. In an exemplar-based approach, language acquisition is modeled as the incremental, data-oriented storage of experiential patterns, and language performance as the extrapolation of information from those stored patterns on the basis of a language-independent information-theoretic similarity metric. We show that this simple architecture works for many aspects of phonological, morphological, and morphosyntactic acquisition and processing. Furthermore, we sketch how the approach may also work for syntactic processing. A central insight of the approach, based on the results of computational modeling experiments, is that abstraction of representations is not only unnecessary to achieve generalization (i.e. to make the system productive, and to make it go &amp;apos;beyond&amp;apos; the learned patterns), but even harmful, and that useful language-independent metrics can be found for defining similarity in the context of language processing.
Functional imaging evidence for task-induced deactivation and disconnection of a major default mode network hub in the mouse brain (2020)

The default mode network (DMN) has been defined in functional brain imaging studies as a set of highly connected brain areas, which are active during wakeful rest and inactivated during task-based stimulation. DMN function is characteristically impaired in major neuropsychiatric diseases, emphasizing its interest for translational research. However, in the mouse, a major preclinical rodent model, there is still no functional imaging evidence supporting DMN deactivation and deconnection during high-demanding cognitive/sensory tasks. Here we have developed functional ultrasound (fUS) imaging to properly visualize both activation levels and functional connectivity patterns, in head-restrained awake and behaving mice, and investigated their modulation during a sensory-task, whisker stimulation. We identified reproducible and highly symmetric resting-state networks, with overall connectivity strength directly proportional to the wakefulness level of the animal. We show that unilateral whisker stimulation leads to the expected activation of the contralateral barrel cortex in lightly sedated mice, while interhemispheric inhibition reduces activity in the ipsilateral barrel cortex. Whisker stimulation also leads to elevated bilateral connectivity in the hippocampus. Importantly, in addition to functional changes in these major hubs of tactile information processing, whisker stimulation during genuine awake resting-state periods leads to highly specific reductions both in activation and interhemispheric correlation within the restrosplenial cortex, a major hub of the DMN. These results validate an imaging technique for the study of activation and connectivity in the lightly sedated awake mouse brain and provide evidence supporting an evolutionary preserved function of the DMN, putatively improving translational relevance of preclinical models of neuropsychiatric diseases.
Cyano-Bridged Cu-Ni Coordination Polymer Nanoflakes and Their Thermal Conversion to Mixed Cu-Ni Oxides (2018)

Herein, we demonstrate the bottom-up synthesis of 2D cyano-bridged Cu-Ni coordination polymer (CP) nanoflakes through a controlled crystallization process and their conversion to Cu-Ni mixed oxides via a thermal treatment in air. The chelating effect of citrate anions effectively prevents the rapid coordination reaction between Cu<sup>2+</sup> and K₂[Ni(CN)₄], resulting in the deceleration of the crystallization process of CPs. Specifically, with addition of trisodium citrate dehydrate, the number of nuclei formed at the early stage of the reaction is decreased. Less nuclei undergo a crystal growth by interacting with [Ni(CN)₄]<sup>2-</sup>, leading to the formation of larger Cu-Ni CP nanoflakes. Following heat treatment in air, the -CN- groups present within the CP nanoflakes are removed and nanoporous Cu-Ni mixed oxide nanoflakes are generated. When tested as an electrode material for supercapacitors using a three-electrode system, the optimum Cu-Ni mixed oxide sample shows a maximum specific capacitance of 158 F g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 1 A g<sup>-1</sup>. It is expected that the proposed method will be useful for the preparation of other types of 2D and 3D CPs as precursors for the creation of various nanoporous metal oxides.
Ethene oligomerization on H-ZSM-5 in relation to ethoxy species (2014)

The oligomerization of ethene over H-ZSM-5 was studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy.
Supported Aluminum Catalysts for Olefin Hydrogenation (2016)

Three-coordinate alkylaluminum sites were developed on a catechol-containing porous organic polymer support (CatPOP A2B1). The CatPOP-based alkylaluminum sites were characterized by solid-state attenuated total reflectance IR spectroscopy, 1H and 27Al magic-angle-spinning NMR spectroscopy, pair-distribution function X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The low-coordinate organoaluminum sites can hydrogenate and isomerize a range of mono- and disubstituted alkenes and alkynes under mild conditions (75–100 °C, 5–14 bar H2, 20 h). Results of experimental and computational mechanistic investigations suggest a heterolytic mechanism for the observed hydrogenation–isomerization activity.
Discovery and distribution of super‐integrons among Pseudomonads (2001)

Until recently, integrons (systems for acquisition and expression of new genetic materials) have been associated generally with antibiotic resistance gene cassettes. The discovery of 'super-integrons' in Vibrionaceae suggests a greater impact of this gene acquisition mechanism on bacterial genome evolution than initially believed. Super-integrons may contain more than 100 gene cassettes and may encode other determinants, including biochemical functions or virulence factors. Here, we report the genetic organization of a super-integron from Pseudomonas alcaligenes ATCC 55044. This is the first evidence of a super-integron in a non-pathogenic bacterium, one which is widely distributed in a great number of ecological niches such as soil and aquatic habitats. Here, the sequence composition, open reading frame (ORF) content and organization of In55044 are described and found to have features intermediate between the multidrug-resistant integrons and the Vibrio cholerae super-integron. Similar structures are inferred to be present in several Pseudomonas species, based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments.
Blending multiple views (2003)

Current blending methods in image-based rendering use local information such as "deviations from the closest views" to find blending weights. They include approaches such as the view-dependent texture mapping and blending fields used in unstructured lumigraph rendering. However, in the presence of depth discontinuities, these techniques do not provide smooth transitions in the target image if the intensities of corresponding pixels in the source images are significantly different (e.g. due to specular highlights). In this paper, we present an image blending technique that allows the use of global visibility and occlusion constraints. Each blending weight now has a global component and a local component, which are due to the view-independent and view-dependent contributions of the source images, respectively. Being view-independent, the global components can be computed in a preprocessing stage. Traditional graphics hardware is exploited to accelerate the computation of the global blending weights.
Electrophilic Fluorination of Imidazoheterocycles by Selectfluor (2022)

Response surface analysis (RSA) has been used for optimization of the synthesis using selectfluor as a fluorine source and 2-ethyl-7-methylimidazole[1,2-a]pyridine-2, 7-dicarboxylate as a substrate. The latter has been synthesized by cyclization of methyl 2-aminopyridine-3-formate with ethyl bromopyruvate. The optimal reaction conditions have been determined to be as follows: time 3 h, temperature 30°C and selectfluor rate 2.3 eq. The triplicated verification experiments have led to the average yield of 87%. Four other fluorides of imidazoheterocycles have been synthesized under the optimized conditions. Structures of fluorides have been supported by 1H NMR.
The Ins and Outs of Mitochondrial Calcium (2015)

Calcium is thought to play an important role in regulating mitochondrial function. Evidence suggests that an increase in mitochondrial calcium can augment ATP production by altering the activity of calcium-sensitive mitochondrial matrix enzymes. In contrast, the entry of large amounts of mitochondrial calcium in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury is thought to be a critical event in triggering cellular necrosis. For many decades, the details of how calcium entered the mitochondria remained a biological mystery. In the past few years, significant progress has been made in identifying the molecular components of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter complex. Here, we review how calcium enters and leaves the mitochondria, the growing insight into the topology, stoichiometry and function of the uniporter complex, and the early lessons learned from some initial mouse models that genetically perturb mitochondrial calcium homeostasis.
System identification and modeling of viscoelastic behavior from capillary melt rheological data (2014)

An investigation was conducted to identify and characterize the relaxation spectrum of polymer melts from transient capillary rheological data. System identification techniques using an iterative prediction‐error minimization (PEM) method were applied to isolate the viscoelastic melt response from the apparatus dynamics. Parameters for linear time invariant (LTI) models of varying complexity were estimated using capillary rheology data across a range of temperatures and shear rates using the principle of time‐temperature superposition. Melt capillary rheology data for polystyrene was found to exhibit viscoleastic behavior. Subsequently, three viscoelastic constitutive models were then implemented and their model coefficients directly fit using optimization techniques. The implemented methods provided useful relaxation behavior from melt capillary rheology data while also explaining much of the residual error in the purely viscous response as traditionally fit to the Cross‐WLF model. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2824–2838, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers
Kinetic resolution and isomerization of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolines (2000)

The efficient kinetic resolution of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolines was accomplished by employing hydrosilylation with a chiral catalyst, (EBTHI)TiF2 (EBTHI = ethylenebis(tetrahydroindenyl)). An interesting isomerization reaction of the cyclic imines catalyzed by the same chiral catalyst was also discovered.
Effects of protein and lignin on cellulose and xylan anaylses of lignocellulosic biomass (2017)

Interactions of lignocellulosic components during fiber analysis were investigated using the highly adopted compositional analysis procedure from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), USA. Synthetic feedstock samples were used to study the effects of lignin/protein, cellulose/protein, and xylan/protein interaction on carbohydrate analysis. Disregarding structural influence in the synthetic samples, lignin and protein components were the most significant (P<0.05) factors on cellulose analysis. Measured xylan was consistent and unaffected by content variation throughout the synthetic analysis. Validation of the observed relationships from synthetic feedstocks was fulfilled using real lignocellulosic feedstocks: corn stover, poplar, and alfalfa, in which similar results have been obtained, excluding cellulose analysis of poplar under higher protein content and xylan analysis of alfalfa under higher protein content. The results elucidated that according to their protein and lignin contents of different lignocellulosic materials, accuracy of the NREL method on cellulose and xylan analyses could be improved by applying a stronger extraction step to replace water/ethanol extraction.
Optimizing Small-Cell Range in Heterogeneous and Load-Coupled LTE Networks (2014)

We address small-cell range optimization in heterogeneous long-term evolution networks with the performance target of maximizing the scaling-up factor of traffic demand that can be served while accounting for load coupling between cells. We prove the problem's complexity and develop a solution approach consisting of two complementary modules. We also demonstrate how to gauge the deviation from global optimality. Performance results show the effectiveness of the approach and highlight the benefit of range optimization.
In vitro culture system to determine MICs and MBCs of antimicrobial agents against Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (Nichols strain) (1988)

A new procedure for determining the susceptibility of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum to antimicrobial agents was developed, utilizing a tissue culture system which promotes the in vitro multiplication of this organism. In the absence of antibiotics, T. pallidum (Nichols virulent strain) multiplied an average of 10-fold when incubated for 7 days in the presence of Sf1Ep cottontail rabbit epithelial cell cultures. Varied concentrations of penicillin G, tetracycline, erythromycin, and spectinomycin were added to triplicate cultures to determine their effects on treponemal multiplication, motility, and virulence. The MIC of each antibiotic was defined as the lowest concentration which prevented treponemal multiplication, whereas the MBC was defined as the lowest concentration which abrogated the ability of the cultured treponemes to multiply and cause lesions in rabbits. The in vitro culture technique provided highly reproducible MICs and (in parentheses) MBCs of each of the antibiotics tested: aqueous penicillin G, 0.0005 (0.0025) microgram/ml; tetracycline, 0.2 (0.5) microgram/ml; erythromycin, 0.005 (0.005) microgram/ml; and spectinomycin, 0.5 (0.5) microgram/ml. The significance of these results in light of the in vivo activities and the previous in vitro evaluations of these antibiotics is discussed. The T. pallidum in vitro cultivation system shows promise as a method for studying the interaction between T. pallidum and antimicrobial agents and for screening new antibiotics for syphilis therapy.
Synthetic approaches to 4,8‐dimethyl‐5′‐(N‐pyridiniummethyl)‐ 4′,5′‐dihydropsoralens and 4,8‐dimethyl‐5′‐ (N‐aminomethyl)‐ 4′,5′‐dihydropsoralens (2001)

Abstract New synthetic approaches to 4,8‐dimethyl‐5′‐( N ‐pyridiniummethyl)‐4′,5′‐dihydropsoralens and 4,8‐dimemyl‐5′‐( N ‐aminomethyl)‐4′,5′‐dihydropsoralens are described. The 5′‐halomethyl‐4′,5′‐dihydro‐psoralen precursors are formed by electrophilic ring closures of 4,8‐dimethyl‐6‐allyl‐7‐hydroxycoumarin. The ring‐closure reactions may also be applied to the synthesis of 5′‐halomethyl‐4‐methyl‐4′,5′‐dihydroangelicins. The compounds are potential therapeutic agents for improved psoralen ultraviolet A radiation treatment.
Innovation Support Structure (2018)

Unfortunately, it is not enough to put a formal incubation program in place and simply walk away. As we pointed out in Chapter 4 , there needs to be a team to take ownership of keeping the incubation program, and its spirit, on track. There have been times when we have attempted to turn over even small portions of the program to other teams and things started to get off track quickly. It is not simply a matter of skill, although that is important; it is a matter of context and having the right resources and support. People need to truly understand the intent of the program and be properly trained on the elements they will be responsible for. Otherwise, they can become blindly artifact-focused—much like the 70-page template example from Chapter 2 .