gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tandem-quadrupole Fourier transform mass spectrometry of oligopeptides (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTandem-quadrupole Fourier transform mass spectrometry of oligopeptidesDonald F. Hunt, Jeffrey. Shabanowitz, John R. Yates, Robert T. McIver, and Richard L. HunterCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 13, 2728–2733Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00290a065RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (773 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
New approach to optical proximity correction (1998)

A hierarchical rule based optical proximity effect correction approach is presented. The approach has been driven by maskmaking and production requirements to make OPC a practical problem solution. The model based rule generation is presented, as well as benchmark tests on different state-of- the-art test chips.
Antiangiogenic effects of dexamethasone in 9L gliosarcoma assessed by MRIcerebral blood volume maps (2003)

Depending on dose, dexamethasone has been shown to inhibit or stimulate growth of rat 9L gliosarcoma and decrease the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), an important mediator of tumor-associated angiogenesis. We demonstrate, by constructing relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps with MRI, that dexamethasone also decreases total blood volume while increasing microvascular blood volume in Fischer rats bearing intracranial 9L gliosarcoma. Animals were inoculated with 1 x 10(5) 9L gliosarcoma tumor cells. On days 10-14 after tumor cell inoculation, animals were intra-peritoneally injected with dexamethasone (3 mg/kg) over 5 days. MRI-derived gradient echo (GE) and spin-echo (SE) rCBV maps were created to demonstrate total vasculature (GE) and microvasculature (SE). After MRI studies were performed, the rat's vasculature was perfused with a latex compound. Total vessel volume and diameters were assessed by microscopy. Dexamethasone decreased the tumor-enhancing area of postcontrast T1-weighted images (P < 0.0001) and total tumor volume(P = 0.0085). In addition, there was a greater than 50% decrease in GE rCBV (total vasculature) (P = 0.007) as well as a significant decrease in total fractional blood volume, as validated by histology (P = 0.0007). Conversely, there was an increase in SE rCBV signal (microvasculature) in animals treated with dexamethasone (P = 0.05), which was consistent with microscopy (P < 0.0001). These data demonstrate that (1) dexamethasone selectively treats tumor vasculature, suggesting a vessel-size selective effect and (2) MRI-derived rCBV is a noninvasive technique that can be used to evaluate changes in blood volume and vascular morphology.
The Medical Implications of Women On Submarines (2001)

Abstract : The review highlights traditionally important medical conditions for submariners along with the unique consequence of women's health care on the submarine. The information covered includes a review of the history of women in the military followed by a discussion of how women have been integrated into submarines in foreign navies and in space travel. The bulk of the document, then, consists of a literature review that examines gender differences in health care usage as well as in health problems that have traditionally been problematic for submarines including cardiac disease, anemia, asthma, headaches, peptic ulcer disease, orthopedic problems, and psychiatric disease. Gynecological and pregnancy related issues constitute the final area of review.
Physical-layer Security Using Atmosphere-limited Line-of-sight Terahertz Links (2021)

We simulate the properties of atmospheric absorption for a free-space terahertz channel, and propose a method to enable physical-layer security by tuning the carrier frequency relative to a water vapor absorption line.
Measurement-based modeling of a 5 GHz WLAN transmitter (2005)

This article describes an accurate way to model a WLAN transmitter in a co-simulation environment. Simulated and measured results are shown to be in good agreement for a 5 GHz IEEE 802.11a RF transmitter. The model was then used to explore the optimum operating point of the system by tuning the result for the complementary cumulative distribution function (CCDF) and error vector magnitude (EVM).
Management and Implementation of Rapid Manufacturing (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Costs of Manufacture Overhead Allocation Business Costs Stock and Work in Progress Location and Distribution Supply Chain Management Change Conclusions References
Noncontact optical metrologies for Young’s modulus measurements of nanoporous low-k dielectric thin films (2013)

Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and picosecond laser ultrasonics (PLU) are two noncontact optical techniques that have garnered significant interest for thin film elastic constant measurements. PLU and BLS measurements were utilized to determine the elastic constants of 100 to 500 nm thick nanoporous low-k dielectric materials of significant interest for reducing capacitive delays in nanoelectronic interconnect circuits. PLU measurements with and without a metal acousto-optic transducer are described in detail and compared to previously reported BLS measurements. The values of Young’s modulus determined by both BLS and PLU were found to be in excellent agreement and consistent with nanoindentation measurements on thicker 2 micrometer films. While successful BLS measurements were achieved for films as thin as 100 nm, PLU measurements were limited to >∼200 nm thick films due to experimental constraints on observing acoustic pulses in thinner films. However, these results clearly demonstrate the capability of both BLS and PLU to determine the elastic constants of low-k dielectric materials at the desired thickness targets for future nanoelectronic interconnect technologies.
Dual-Band Dual-Mode Filter-Enhanced Linearity Measurement (2021)

This letter presents, for the first time, a new filter-enhanced linearity measurement technique using a dual-band and dual-mode filter. While traditional two-tone linearity tests are simple and effective, their ultimate performance is determined by the quality (dynamic range and noise floor) and cost of the employed equipment. On the other hand, the proposed method consists of a simple conventional single-tone test facilitated by a low-cost appropriately designed bandstop filter (BSF). In particular, the employed dual-band/dual-mode absorptive BSF suppresses the fundamental frequency by over 35 dB (absorptive notch) and the second harmonic by over 25 dB (reflective notch), allowing for accurate measurement of the third harmonic, and hence, IP3. The proof-of-concept system is demonstrated at 2 GHz. The filter absorbs with better than 20 dB of reflection the excitation signal at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$f_{0}=2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz and reflects the signal at <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2f_{0}=4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> GHz. With just the insertion of the presented filter and without improving the measurement equipment, we demonstrate an improvement of over 12.7 dB in the IP3 characterization to a maximum of 81 dBm. We also demonstrate the ability to conduct this test with just a low-cost power detector in lieu of a spectrum analyzer leading to a simple scalable measurement technique.
Optical Recording Using High Numerical-Aperture Microlens by Plasma Etching (2001)

We propose the use of a high numerical-aperture (NA) microlens formed by plasma etching for an optical recording application. It was found through optical recording experiments that a microlens formed by plasma etching is applicable to a tiny objective lens.
Normalization of Spinal Cord Total Cross-Sectional and Gray Matter Areas as Quantified With Radially Sampled Averaged Magnetization Inversion Recovery Acquisitions (2021)

<b>Background:</b> MR imaging of the spinal cord (SC) gray matter (GM) at the cervical and lumbar enlargements' level may be particularly informative in lower motor neuron disorders, e. g., spinal muscular atrophy, but also in other neurodegenerative or autoimmune diseases affecting the SC. Radially sampled averaged magnetization inversion recovery acquisition (rAMIRA) is a novel approach to perform SC imaging in clinical settings with favorable contrast and is well-suited for SC GM quantitation. However, before applying rAMIRA in clinical studies, it is important to understand (i) the sources of inter-subject variability of total SC cross-sectional areas (TCA) and GM area (GMA) measurements in healthy subjects and (ii) their relation to age and sex to facilitate the detection of pathology-associated changes. In this study, we aimed to develop normalization strategies for rAMIRA-derived SC metrics using skull and spine-based metrics to reduce anatomical variability. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty-one healthy subjects (age range 11-93 years, 37.7% women) were investigated with axial two-dimensional rAMIRA imaging at 3T MRI. Cervical and thoracic levels including the level of the cervical (C4/C5) and lumbar enlargements (T<sub>max</sub>) were examined. SC T2-weighted sagittal images and high-resolution 3D whole-brain T1-weighted images were acquired. TCA and GMAs were quantified. Anatomical variables with associations of |<i>r</i>| > 0.30 in univariate association with SC areas, and age and sex were used to construct normalization models using backward selection with TCA<sub>C4/C5</sub> as outcome. The effect of the normalization was assessed by % relative standard deviation (RSD) reductions. <b>Results:</b> Mean inter-individual variability and the SD of the SC area metrics were considerable: TCA<sub>C4/5</sub>: 8.1%/9.0; TCA<sub>Tmax</sub>: 8.9%/6.5; GMA<sub>C4/C5</sub>: 8.6%/2.2; GMA<sub>Tmax</sub>: 12.2%/3.8. Normalization based on sex, brain WM volume, and spinal canal area resulted in RSD reductions of 23.7% for TCAs and 12.0% for GM areas at C4/C5. Normalizations based on the area of spinal canal alone resulted in RSD reductions of 10.2% for TCAs and 9.6% for GM areas at C4/C5, respectively. <b>Discussion:</b> Anatomic inter-individual variability of SC areas is substantial. This study identified effective normalization models for inter-subject variability reduction in TCA and SC GMA in healthy subjects based on rAMIRA imaging.
Engineering nonlinearity into memristors for passive crossbar applications (2012)

Although TaOx memristors have demonstrated encouraging write/erase endurance and nanosecond switching speeds, the linear current-voltage (I-V) characteristic in the low resistance state limits their applications in large passive crossbar arrays. We demonstrate here that a TiO2-x/TaOx oxide heterostructure incorporated into a 50 nm× 50 nm memristor displays a very large nonlinearity such that I(V/2) ≈ I(V)/100 for V ≈ 1 volt, which is caused by current-controlled negative differential resistance in the device.
Concentration of methylprednisolone in the centrodistal joint after administration of methylprednisolone acetate in the tarsometatarsal joint (2005)

Administering MPA into the TMT joint only, to treat OA of the distal 2 hock joints, reduces the difficulties and risks associated with centesis of the CD joint.
N-Heterocyclic Carbenes−Borane Complexes: A New Class of Initiators for Radical Photopolymerization (2010)

Newly discovered N-heterocyclic carbene-boryl radicals (NHC-BH2•) derived from readily available N-heterocyclic carbene−boranes are found to be efficient initiators for acrylate photopolymerization. Laser flash photolysis (LFP) experiments were used to generate three carbene-boryl radicals, which were characterized by their transient absorption spectra with the aid of DFT calculations. Rate constants were measured for the generation of the carbene-boryl radicals by hydrogen abstraction with tert-butoxyl radical, a ketophosphonyl radical, and triplet benzophenone. Rate constants were also measured for the reactions of the carbene-boryl radicals with oxygen, three alkenes, two alkyl chlorides, and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate. The observed trends were interpreted with the aid of measured oxidation potentials of the carbene−boranes and calculated ionization potentials of the carbene-boryls. N-Heterocyclic carbene−boranes show excellent potential as both photopolymerization co-initiators and mediators of small molecule radical reactions, and these results will help guide further development in both fields.
ATAC: Improving performance and programmability (2010)

Given the current trends in multicore scaling, chips with 1000 cores may exist within the next 5 to 10 years. However, their promise of increased performance will only be reached if their inherent scaling and programming challenges are overcome. Meanwhile, recent advances in nanophotonic device manufacturing are making CMOS-integrated optics a reality-interconnect technology which can provide more bandwidth at lower power than conventional electronics. Perhaps more importantly, optical interconnect also has the potential to enable new, easy-to-use programming models enabled by its inexpensive broadcast mechanism. This paper introduces ATAC, a new manycore architecture that capitalizes on the recent advances in optics to address a number of challenges that future manycore designs will face. The new constraints and opportunities of on-chip optical interconnect are presented and explored in the design of ATAC. Furthermore, this paper discusses ATAC's programming models, and introduces Consumer Tagging, a novel programming model that leverages ATAC's strengths to provide high performance and scalability.
Packing, specificity, and mutability at the binding interface between the p160 coactivator and CREB‐binding protein (2003)

Among the most common interaction motifs between nuclear proteins is the recognition of one or more amphipathic helices. In an effort to determine principles behind this recognition, we have investigated the interaction between the p160 coactivator protein ACTR and the ACTR-binding domain of the CREB-binding protein, CBP. The two proteins use relatively small portions of their primary sequences to form a single synergistically folded domain consisting of six intertwined alpha-helices, three from each protein. Neither of the component polypeptides forms a cooperatively folded domain in isolation. However, a considerable amount of residual secondary structure remains in the isolated CBP domain according to CD spectroscopy. Chemical denaturation, differential scanning calorimetry, and ANS binding experiments demonstrate that the isolated CBP domain is not entirely unfolded but forms a helical state with the characteristics of a molten globule. Mutations probing the functional and energetic significance of a buried intermolecular Arg-Asp salt bridge in the interface of the protein complex suggest that these residues are tuned for functional discrimination and not strictly for binding affinity or stability. These results suggest a mechanism for formation of the complex where the unfolded ACTR domain interacts with the partly folded CBP domain in a rapid and specific manner to form the final stable complex.
High frequency dynamics of the soft underlayer in perpendicular recording system (2002)

In this study, we present time-resolved Kerr microscopy of the magnetization dynamics in response to the reversal of the write current in the soft magnetic underlayers (SULs) films used in dual layer perpendicular recording media. 20-nm-thick FeCoB films with a 5 nm Pd cap layer are positioned in contact with a single-pole-type high-speed perpendicular magnetic write head. The temporal responses of both in-plane and out-of-plane magnetization components of the SUL were simultaneously measured using the time-resolved Kerr effect. Precessional effects were observed in both magnetization components during the SUL switching, using a driving pulse current with rise-time of about 0.8 ns. The precessional frequencies range from 3 to 7 GHz, depending on the distance (x) away from the main pole. The present results highlight the importance of soft magnetic underlayer dynamics for high data rate perpendicular magnetic recording technology.
The Scaling-up Problem for Visual Programming Languages (1994)

Visual programming languages (VPLs) appear to have great promise towards lessening the distinction between programming and problem solving, by making programming more direct, more immediate, and simpler. However, many of today''s VPLs are not suitable for solving large, realistic programming problems, and efforts to make them so often reintroduce the very complexities that VPLs seek to avoid. This is referred to as the scaling-up problem. This paper discusses the opportunities and obstacles VPLs encounter when attempting to solve the scaling-up problem. An understanding of this problem, its components, and the interrelationships among these components is necessary to ensure that efforts to solve the problem are productive and that these efforts do not compromise the qualities that make VPLs attractive.
Analysis of the Combustion Characteristics of a HCCI Engine Operating on DME and Methane (2007)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine has attracted much interest in recent years because it can simultaneously achieve high efficiency and low emissions. However, it is difficult to control the ignition timing with this type of engine because it has no physical ignition mechanism. Varying the amount of fuel supplied changes the operating load and the ignition timing also changes simultaneously. The HCCI combustion process also has the problem that combustion proceeds too rapidly. This study examined the possibility of separating ignition timing control and load control using an HCCI engine that was operated on blended test fuels of dimethyl ether (DME) and methane, which have vastly different ignition characteristics. The influence of the mixing ratios of these two test fuels on the rapidity of combustion was also investigated. Moreover, as a basic research subject, the behavior of formaldehyde (HCHO), an intermediate that is produced by cool flame reactions, was observed by spectroscopic techniques. The experimental results revealed that, within the range of the experimental conditions used in this study, the quantity of DME supplied substantially influenced the ignition timing, whereas it was little affected by the quantity of methane supplied. This indicates that the ignition timing can be controlled by the quantity of DME supplied and that the load can be adjusted by the quantity of methane supplied. Spectroscopic measurements of the behavior of a substance corresponding to HCHO also indicated that the quantity of DME supplied significantly influenced the cool flame. However, the rapidity of combustion could not be controlled even by varying the mixing ratios of DME and methane. It was made clear that changes in the ignition timing substantially influence the rapidity of combustion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
CPL reticle technology for advanced device applications (2004)

Each generation of semiconductor device technology drive new and interesting resolution enhancement technology (RET's). The race to smaller and smaller geometry's has forced device manufacturers to k1's approaching 0.40. The authors have been investigating the use of Chromeless phase-shifting masks (CLM) exposed with ArF, high numerical aperture (NA), and off-axis illumination (OAI) has been shown to produce production worthy sub-100nm resist patterns with acceptable overlapped process window across feature pitch. There have been a number of authors who have investigated CLM in the past but the technology has never received mainstream attention due to constraints such as wet quartz etch during mask fabrication, limited approach to optical proximity correction (OPC), and exposure tool limitations such as on-axis illumination and too low of NA. With novel binary halftone OPC and a capable modern mask making process, it has become possible to achieve global and local pattern optimization of the phase shifter for a given layout especially for patterning features with dimension at sub-half-exposure wavelength. The authors have built a number of test structures that require superior 2D control for SRAM gate structures. In this paper the authors will focus on image process integration for the 65nm node. Emphasis on pattern layout, mask fabrication and image processing will be discussed. Furthermore, the authors will discuss defect printing, inspection and repair, mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) of 2D structures coupled with phase error, layout, and mask fabrication specifications.
Conserved transcriptional programming across sex and species after peripheral nerve injury predicts treatments for neuropathic pain (2023)

Thus, we have identified and shown the efficacy of an agent that could not have been previously predicted to have analgesic properties.
HAADF-STEM and TEM Investigation on the Structure of { -2110} Prismatic Stacking Faults in a-plane GaN (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Identification of the highly reactive sulfhydryl group of pig kidney fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase at cysteine 128. (1984)

Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatases contain a highly reactive cysteine residue, the reactivity of which is influenced by ligands that bind at the catalytic and at the allosteric AMP sites of the enzyme. Nevertheless, the sulfhydryl group appears to be proximal to these sites and not a functional component of either. Modification of pig kidney fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase with three reagents, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid), iodoacetamide, and phenacyl bromide, yields derivatives with similar properties, thus suggesting that the same residue was modified in each case. The modified enzymes exhibited: (a) higher Vmax when Mn2+ was used as the activating cation; (b) decreased activity in the presence of nonsaturating Mg2+ concentrations; (c) no change in sensitivity toward AMP inhibition. Automated Edman degradation of a tryptic peptide containing radioactive carboxamidomethylcysteine showed the sequence of residues Gly-111-Arg-140 of pig kidney fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase. The modified residue was shown to be cysteine-128, and the same cysteine residue was alkylated when the enzyme was reacted with phenacyl bromide. Cysteine-128 is also present in rat and sheep liver fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and a long stretch of the sequence around this reactive cysteine residue is highly conserved.