gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholinergic neurons within the rat hippocampus: Response to fimbria‐fornix transection (1988)

The distribution and morphologic characteristics of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-containing neurons were studied throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the rat hippocampus and in a midline area just dorsal to the dorsal hippocampus. Peroxidase reaction product was observed with the aid of immunohistochemical methods and a high-titer polyclonal antibody against ChAT, the acetylcholine biosynthetic enzyme. ChAT-positive cells in the hippocampus were characterized by small, round or oval perikarya with two or more proximal processes. They were located within the caudal and temporal hippocampal formation, predominantly within the subiculum, in the stratum lacunosum moleculare, at the border of the stratum lacunosum moleculare and the stratum radiatum, and in the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. The cells resembled in morphology the small, bipolar and multipolar neocortical ChAT-immunoreactive cells. In addition to the hippocampus, ChAT-positive neurons were observed caudally in a region just above the dorsal hippocampal commissure and rostrally in the columns of the fornix. These cells were large with an oval perikarya and darkly labeled compared to neurons in the hippocampus. They more closely resembled the ChAT-positive neurons in the midline raphe of the medial septal nucleus. Examination of the rat hippocampus 2 and 8 weeks following unilateral lesioning of the fimbria-fornix and supracallosal striae revealed a sparse innervation of ChAT-positive fibers in the hippocampus ipsilateral to the lesion. ChAT-labeled neurons in the hippocampus did not appear to sprout in response to the lesion. In contrast, ChAT-positive cells in the midline did appear to sprout into the medial dorsal subiculum and dorsal medial hippocampus. We conclude that these two populations of cells are distinct with respect to their response to hippocampal denervation and, furthermore, that this distinction may be attributed to a differential response to nerve growth factor.
Isolation and Characterization of Mouse and Human cDNA Clones Encoding IL-4 and IgA-Enhancing Factor/Eosinophil CSF (IL-5) (1987)

A cDNA sequence coding for a human interleukin 4 (IL-4) has been isolated from a concanavalin A-activated human T cell cDNA library based on homology with a mouse interleukin 4 cDNA that expresses BSF-1 activity and T cell- and mast cell-stimulating activities (Lee, F., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1986, 83:2061; Yokota, T., et al., ibid. 1986, 83:5894). Supernatants of C0S7 monkey cells transfected with the human cDNA clone stimulate proliferation of human T cell clones and anti-IgM-activated human B cells and induce Fc∈ receptors and MHC Class II molecules on human B cells (all properties of mouse BSF-1 on mouse cells). These results indicate that the human IL-4 cDNA clone encodes a protein structurally and functionally homologous to mouse IL-4. Both mouse and human IL-4 genes are organized in a similar manner and are composed of three introns and four exons. Highly conserved sequences exist in both the mouse and human IL-4 genes. In addition, using expression cloning, we have isolated from activated T cells a mouse cDNA clone which stimulates B cells to produce IgA and has eosinophil-CSF activity on human cord blood cells, and a homologous human cDNA clone from a human T cell cDNA library. Sequence analysis reveal that these clones are identical to TRF1 or BCGFII cDNA clones isolated previously (Kinashi, T., et al., Nature 1986 324: 7, Azuma et al., Nuc. Acid. Res. 1986 14: 9149).
A 15-MHz high peak power KLM Ti:AI 2 O 3 laser using multiple-pass long cavity (1998)

In a specific case, the magnetic field generated in a building by a nearby power line is usually easy to calculate, although the accuracy of these calculations is sensitive to the quality of source information. To be able to study public health dimensions of magnetic field exposure (e.g., risk of cancer), it is necessary to evaluate the size and exposure of the population at risk. Relatively little quantitative information on public exposure to power-frequency magnetic fields of high-voltage power lines is available. This report describes residential exposure to magnetic fields from 110 kV, 220 kV, and 400 kV power lines in Finland at the national level, including 90% of the total line length in 1989. A geographical information system (GIS) was used to identify the buildings located near the power lines. After determining the distances between the lines and the buildings, historical data on load currents of these lines were used to calculate the magnetic fields. The residential magnetic field histories were then linked to the residents by means of a computerized central population register. The data obtained on personal exposure have also been utilized in a nationwide epidemiological study on magnetic field exposure of power lines and risk of cancer. The methods of exposure assessment and results of the number of buildings near 110 kV, 220 kV, and 400 kV power lines, their average annual magnetic fields, and personal exposure to magnetic fields from these lines are described. We found that 15,600 residents lived in an average residential magnetic field > or = 0.1 microT caused by power lines in 1989. The number of these residents increased fivefold during 1970-1989. We estimated that 0.3% of the population was exposed in their residences to an annual average magnetic flux density from 110 kV, 220 kV, and 400 kV power lines higher than 0.1 microT, the level that the background magnetic flux density in general does not exceed in Finnish homes. Thus, the problem of magnetic field exposure generated by high-voltage lines concerns only a relatively small fraction of the total population in Finland. However, the size and exposure of the population at risk remain somewhat arbitrary in practical multisource situations, as the biological interaction mechanism, the concept of harmful dose, and, in particular, the significance of the duration of exposure are unknown.
Table S1-S3; Figure S1-S13 from BET Bromodomain Inhibition Cooperates with PD-1 Blockade to Facilitate Antitumor Response in <i>Kras</i>-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Detailed information about the antibodies used. Supplementary Table S2. Proportions of listed immune cell subsets in the tumor microenvironment of NSCLC GEMs were evaluated by FACS utilizing indicated lineage markers and proteins. Supplementary Table S3. Tumor cells from treated KP mice were subjected to RNA-sequencing. Supplementary Figure S1. Kinetics of tumor growth in KP mice treated with anti-PD-1. Supplementary Figure S2. Immune cell proportions in the tumors of treated KP mice. Supplementary Figure S3. PD-1 is prominently expressed on tumor-infiltrating T cells in GEMM of NSCLC. Supplementary Figure S4. Decreased expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on tumor-infiltrating CD4+ T cells under JQ1 treatment. Supplementary Figure S5. Increased expression of MHC class I on tumor-infiltrating tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Supplementary Figure S6. Combination of JQ1 and PD-1 blockade evokes unique genomic genomic changes in tumors of treated KP mice. Supplementary Figure S7. Overall survival of tumor-bearing nude mice treated with JQ1 or anti-PD-1. Supplementary Figure S8. JQ1 and/or anti-PD-1 treatment facilitated enhanced effector function of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells. Supplementary Figure S9. Combination of JQ1 and α-PD-1 did not have substantial deleterious effects on tumor-associated T cells. Supplementary Figure S10. Tumor-infiltrating KLRG1+ CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs exhibit a highly activated profile but resemble natural peripheral Tregs. Supplementary Figure S11. Tumor-infiltrating KLRG1+ CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs are not derived from CD4+CD25- cells. Supplementary Figure S12. Tumor-associated KLRG1+ Tregs express higher CTLA-4 and demonstrate enhanced suppressive function. Supplementary Figure S13. Decreased expression of Treg signature proteins and Bcl-2 on tumor-infiltrating KLRG1+ Treg subset under JQ1 treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Miniaturized Air-to-Refrigerant Heat Exchangers (2017)

Air-to-refrigerant Heat eXchangers (HX) are an essential component of Heating, Ventilation, Air-Conditioning, and Refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems, serving as the main heat transfer component. The major limiting factor to HX performance is the large airside thermal resistance. Recent literature aims at improving heat transfer performance by utilizing enhancement methods such as fins and small tube diameters; this has lead to almost exhaustive research on the microchannel HX (MCHX). The objective of this project is to develop a miniaturized air-to-refrigerant HX with at least 20% reduction in volume, material volume, and approach temperature compared to current state-of-the-art multiport flat tube designs and also be capable of production within five years. Moreover, the proposed HX’s are expected to have good water drainage and should succeed in both evaporator and condenser applications. The project leveraged Parallel-Parametrized Computational Fluid Dynamics (PPCFD) and Approximation-Assisted Optimization (AAO) techniques to perform multi-scale analysis and shape optimization with the intent of developing novel HX designs whose thermal-hydraulic performance exceeds that of state-of-the-art MCHX. Nine heat exchanger geometries were initially chosen for detailed analysis, selected from 35+ geometries which were identified in previous work at the University of Maryland, College Park. The newly developed optimization framework was exercised for three design optimization problems: (DP I) 1.0kW radiator, (DP II) 10kW radiator and (DP III) 10kW two-phase HX. DP I consisted of the design and optimization of 1.0kW air-to-water HX’s which exceeded the project requirements of 20% volume/material reduction and 20% better performance. Two prototypes for the 1.0kW HX were prototyped, tested and validated using newly-designed airside and refrigerant side test facilities. DP II, a scaled version DP I for 10kW air-to-water HX applications, also yielded optimized HX designs which met project requirements. Attempts to prototype a 10kW have presented unique manufacturing challenges, especially regarding tube blockages and structural stability. DP III comprised optimizing two-phase HX’s for a 3.0Ton capacity in a heat pump / air-conditioning unit for cooling mode application using R410A as the working fluid. The HX’s theoretically address the project requirements. System-level analysis showed the HX’s achieved up to 15% improvement in COP while also reducing overall unit charge by 30-40%. The project methodology was capable of developing HX’s which can outperform current state-of-the-art MCHX by at least 20% reduction in volume, material volume, and approach temperature. Additionally, the capability for optimization using refrigerant charge as an objective function was developed. The five-year manufacturing feasibility of the proposed HX’s was shown to have a good outlook. Successful prototyping through both conventional manufacturing methods and next generation methods such as additive manufacturing was achieved.
Search forWHproduction with a light Higgs boson decaying to prompt electron-jets in proton–proton collisions at $\sqrt {s}=7$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2013)

A search is performed for WH production with a light Higgs boson&#13;\ndecaying to hidden-sector particles resulting in clusters of collimated electrons,&#13;\nknown as electron-jets. The search is performed with 2.04 fb−1 of data collected&#13;\nin 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in proton–proton&#13;\ncollisions at&#13;\n√ s = 7 TeV. One event satisfying the signal selection criteria is&#13;\nobserved, which is consistent with the expected background rate. Limits on the&#13;\nproduct of the WH production cross section and the branching ratio of a Higgs&#13;\nboson decaying to prompt electron-jets are calculated as a function of a Higgs&#13;\nboson mass in the range from 100 to 140 GeV.&#13;\nNew
Impact of depression on treatment effectiveness and gains maintenance in social phobia: a naturalistic study of cognitive behavior group therapy (2009)

MDD at the onset of CBGT was not associated with poorer treatment response, but predicted exacerbation of SP symptoms following treatment termination. Depressed SPs may need additional intervention to maintain CBGT gains. SSPs may benefit from less intensive CBGT than GSPs.
Extended Spectrum Based Plan Diagnosis for Plan-Repair (2012)

In dynamic environments unexpected malfunctions or conditions can cause plan failure. Research has shown that plan-repair on failure can be more efficient than building complete conditional plans from scratch to handle all contingencies. The effectiveness of replan-ning depends on knowledge of exactly which plan ac-tions failed and why. Conventional Model Based Diag-nosis (MBD) can be used to detect such faulty compo-nents but the modeling cost (to generate the fault model) outweighs the benefits of MBD. In this paper, we pro-pose an Extended Spectrum Based Diagnosis approach that efficiently pinpoints failed actions and does not re-quire the fault models. Our approach first computes the likelihood of an action being faulty and subsequently proposes optimal probe locations to refine the diagno-sis. We also exploit knowledge of plan steps that are instances of the same plan operator to optimize the se-lection of the most informative diagnostic probes. This reduces costs and improves the accuracy of diagnoses.
Allosteric Modulators of Adenosine, P2Y and P2X Receptors (2016)

Allosteric modulators of purine and pyrimidine receptors modulate the activity of endogenous (orthosteric) agonists, for example, as protective signals in various organs and tissues under stress or in disease states, and often are more receptor-subtype-selective than orthosteric ligands. Structure–activity relationships (SARs) of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) acting at A1 or A3 adenosine receptors (ARs) have been probed, and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) have been reported for the ARs. The classes of benzoylthiophenes and related heterocycles have provided numerous A1AR PAMs, which are envisioned for the treatment of chronic pain. Bitopic PAM–agonists of the A1AR have been designed. Most PAMs of the A3AR, including LUF6000 and LUF6096, come from three classes of substituted heterocycles: 3-(2-pyridinyl)isoquinolines, 2,4-disubstituted quinolines and 1H-imidazo-[4,5-c]quinolin-4-amines. The binding sites of these PAMs have been probed using site-directed mutagenesis of the ARs. Various small molecules, such as ivermectin and tanshinone IIA sulfonate, that inhibit or enhance action at the P2X ligand-gated ion channels, respectively, are now thought to be allosteric modulators. Only a few PAMs and NAMs are known for the G-protein-coupled P2Y receptors (P2YRs) for nucleotides. A P2Y1R X-ray crystallographic structure identified an allosteric binding site of a potent and selective urea antagonist 1-(2-(2-tert-butylphenoxy)pyridin-3-yl)-3-(4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)urea (BPTU), an antithrombotic agent, as completely distinct from the nucleotide binding site, instead located on the outer periphery of the receptor, in contact with the phospholipid bilayer. This is a novel location for an allosteric modulator within the family of G-protein-coupled receptors.
Bragg Gratings Made With a Femtosecond Laser in Heavily Doped Er–Yb Phosphate Glass Fiber (2007)

Bragg gratings made in heavily doped phosphate glass fibers using ultrafast infrared radiation and a phase mask are reported. Refractive indexes >1.5times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> were induced in Er-Yb-doped phosphate fiber in a few seconds of exposure corresponding to reflectivity above 99.99% for a 6-mm-long grating. Annealing test up to 400 degC shows good thermal stability of the grating structure
Pilot-scale modification of polyethersulfone membrane with a size and charge selective nanocellulose layer (2021)

The utilisation of plant-derived nanoscale cellulosic materials (cellulose nanofibrils, CNF) in tailoring water purification membranes is constantly gaining interest in the context of green-functionalised membrane solutions. However, most of the existing approaches based on renewable and biobased materials suffer from the lack of efficient and scalable processing strategies. Here, we introduce a roll-to-roll membrane modification approach based on thin submicron nanocellulose coatings (400–800 nm) to manufacture anti-biofouling membranes with size and charge dependent selectivity using unit operations compatible with existing industrial lines. We turned a commercial polymeric polyethersulfone (PES) microfiltration membrane into highly hydrophilic and tight membrane structure by applying thin and water-durable cellulose nanofibril layers using cast or spray coating methods. Nanocellulose coated membranes exhibited water permeance values of 80 – 100 LMH/MPa with the highest rejection levels of > 90% for Cytochrome C. Furthermore, the nanocellulose layers were able to withstand relatively high filtration pressure levels of 1 MPa, indicating that the selected procedures to improve mechanical integrity i.e. polyethylene imine-based anchoring and acid induced CNF cross-linking were successful. The coated membranes with the thinnest nanocellulose layer exhibited a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) of 2 kDa for negatively charged polystyrene sulfonate and 14 kDa for neutral dextrane indicating charge selective behaviour. It can be concluded that our nanocellulose coated PES membranes represent nanofiltration membranes and lower boundary of ultrafiltration membranes with clear anti-biofouling performance directly evidenced via systematic bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption investigations. Our approach paves the way towards tunable and sustainable water treatment technologies simultaneously opening space for novel biobased solutions in membrane sector.
Effects of Flutamide, a pure antiandrogen, on endocrine parameters, in the adult female rat (1987)

Since antiandrogens having mixed agonistic-antagonistic activities on the androgen receptor have shown benefits in the treatment of hirsutism, the availability of a pure antiandrogen is of particular interest. As a first step, we have thus investigated in detail the effect of the pure antiandrogen Flutamide on endocrine parameters in the female rat. Treatment with the antiandrogen (5 mg, twice daily) for 4 cycles did not affect the 4-day estrous cycle. The antiandrogen had no significant effect on the ovarian level of cytosolic total and available as well as nuclear estrogen receptors in the uterus, and did not affect the concentration of LH and FSH ovarian receptors. The ovarian level of progestins was minimally affected or unchanged on estrus and diestrus I, while an increase was observed under treatment with Flutamide on diestrus II and proestrus. In the plasma, however, there was small or no effect of Flutamide treatment on the concentration of pregnenolone, 17-OH pregnenolone, progesterone and 17-OH-progesterone. The ovarian levels of testosterone (T) and of its two metabolites androstane-3 alpha,17 beta-diol and androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol were increased by treatment with Flutamide on the morning of diestrus II and proestrus. This was reflected by a 30-100% increase of the levels of plasma T on proestrus. The increase in the ovarian concentration of 5-androstene-3 beta,17 beta-diol (delta 5-diol) and androstenedione observed on diestrus II and on proestrus did not lead to any change in the plasma level of these steroids, which remained normal throughout the estrous cycle during treatment with Flutamide. The ovarian and plasma levels of 17 beta-estradiol were not affected by treatment with the antiandrogen. The present data show that treatment of intact adult female rats with the pure antiandrogen Flutamide has no effect on the estrous cycle, with no significant change in the plasma concentration of the most important estrogenic compound in the rat, namely, 17 beta-estradiol. The present observation of minor endocrine effects of Flutamide in the intact adult female rat supports clinical trials on the use of this antiandrogen, a potential drug of choice for the treatment of hirsutism, acne and alopecia in women.
Abstract LB-20: mTOR kinase inhibition relieves feedback suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase leading to a biphasic regulation of AKT signaling in breast cancer cells (2012)

Abstract Activation of mitogenic signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is regulated by negative feedback. Feedback is in part mediated by mTORC1/S6K dependent downregulation of IRS proteins which downregulate IGF/insulin receptor signaling. We have found that mTORC1 inhibitors or rapalogs relieve feedback inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinases and cause mTORC2-dependent phosphorylation of AKT S473 leading to activation of AKT kinase and signaling. This relief of feedback inhibition of mTORC2/AKT signaling has been associated with the limited clinical efficacy of these compounds. mTOR kinase inhibitors have now been developed to circumvent these problems; they block mTORC1 and mTORC2 and thus do not cause the mTORC2-dependent activation of AKT observed with the mTORC1 inhibitors. We now show, however, that these drugs have a biphasic effect on AKT. Inhibition of mTORC2 leads to AKT S473 dephosphorylation and a rapid but transient inhibition of AKT T308 phosphorylation and AKT signaling. Inhibition of mTOR kinase also relieves feedback suppression of RTKs leading to subsequent PI3K activation and rephosphorylation of AKT T308 sufficient to reactivate AKT activity and signaling. Thus, catalytic inhibition of mTOR kinase leads to a new steady state characterized by profound inhibition of mTORC1 and accumulation of activated AKT phosphorylated on T308 but not S473. The addition of RTK inhibitors can prevent this reactivation of AKT signaling and cause profound cell death and tumor regressions in vivo. These results highlight the possible need for combinatorial approaches to block feedback-regulated pathways. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-20. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-20
Thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cell on ceramics with a seeding layer formed via aluminium-induced crystallisation of amorphous silicon (2003)

Thin film polycrystalline silicon solar cells on foreign substrates are viewed as one of the most promising approaches to cost reduction in photovoltaics. To enhance the quality of the film, the use of ‘seeding layers’ prior to deposition of active material is being investigated. It has been shown that a phenomenon suitable to create such a seeding layer is the aluminium-induced crystallisation of amorphous silicon. Previous work mainly considered glass as the substrate of choice, thereby introducing limitations on the deposition temperature. Results concerning the application of such a technique to ceramic substrates (allowing the use of high-temperature CVD) are described. Also, the first reported results of a solar cell made in silicon deposited on these seeding layers are presented.