gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbial Control of the Culture ofArtemiaJuveniles through Preemptive Colonization by Selected Bacterial Strains (1999)

The use of juvenile Artemia as feed in aquaculture and in the pet shop industry has been getting more attention during the last decade. In this study, the use of selected bacterial strains to improve the nutritional value of dry food for Artemia juveniles and to obtain control of the associated microbial community was examined. Nine bacterial strains were selected based on their positive effects on survival and/or growth of Artemia juveniles under monoxenic culture conditions, while other strains caused no significant effect, significantly lower rates of survival and/or growth, or even total mortality of the Artemia. The nine selected strains were used to preemptively colonize the culture water of Artemia juveniles. Xenic culture of Artemia under suboptimal conditions yielded better survival and/or growth rates when they were grown in the preemptively colonized culture medium than when grown in autoclaved seawater. The preemptive colonization of the culture water had a drastic influence on the microbial communities that developed in the culture water or that were associated with the Artemia, as determined with Biolog GN community-level physiological profiles. Chemotaxonomical characterization based on fatty acid methyl ester analysis of bacterial isolates recovered from the culture tanks was performed, and a comparison with the initially introduced strains was made. Finally, several modes of action for the beneficial effect of the bacterial strains are proposed.
Optical properties of photonic crystals composed of metal-coated spheres (2006)

We consider the optical properties of photonic crystals composed of metal-coated dielectric spheres. The calculations are performed using the multiple-scattering theory as well as a model of coupled dipole resonators that gives an intuitive understanding of band dispersions. The low frequency dispersions are found to originate from the hybridization of the dipolar resonance with the free-space propagating electromagnetic modes. We derived a wave-vector dependent effective-medium theory that can describe the low frequency resonating behavior very well. Within this new formulation, the effective constitutive parameters become $k$-dependent. In contrast to the standard Maxwell-Garnett type effective medium theory, which gives a gap near the resonances, the wave-vector dependent effective-medium theory can give the dispersion of the resonance bands. The very robust directional band gap between the second and the third band in the face-centered-cubic metallo-dielectric photonic crystals is found to originate from the dipole resonance of the coated spheres. The directional gap of the simple cubic structure also originates from the dipole resonance and the coupling to higher order resonances leads to an absolute gap.
Lymphocytic colitis: clinical features, treatment, and outcomes (2002)

Lymphocytic colitis typically presents in elderly patients as chronic diarrhea. Nocturnal stools, urgency, and abdominal pain occur frequently, as do weight loss, fecal incontinence, and concomitant autoimmune disorders. Many empiric treatment options are used, but overall response rates are disappointing. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the optimum therapeutic approach to these patients.
Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Solid-Phase Extraction and Capillary Electrophoresis Methods for the Analysis of 4-Cyanophenol and 3-Nitrophenol in Water (2020)

Analysis of 4-cyanophenol and 3-nitrophenol was carried out using multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) and capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods. Capillary electrophoresis was carried out with 18 kV voltage, 214 nm detection, and phosphate buffer (pH 7.0, 15 mM) as background electrolyte at 25 ± 1 °C temperature with 15.05 and 16.5 min migration times of 4-cyanophenol and 3-nitrophenol. The separation and resolution factors were 1.10 and 2.90. The optimized experimental conditions were 40 mg/L concentration, 1.0 g multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) per SPE cartridge, 5.0 mL/min flow rate of water, 0.1 mL flow rate of eluting solvent. The maximum recoveries were 91% and 98% at 0.1 mL/min flow rate of 4-cyanophenol and 3-nitrophenol. These methods were applied successfully for extraction and estimation of 4-cyanophenol and 3-nitrophenol in the municipal wastewater. The reported methods are reproducible, efficient, and practical for the estimation of these phenols in water.
Markers of fibroblast-rich tumor stroma and perivascular cells in serous ovarian cancer: Inter- and intra-patient heterogeneity and impact on survival (2016)

Inter- and intra-patient variations in tumor microenvironment of serous ovarian cancer are largely unexplored. We aimed to explore potential co-regulation of tumor stroma characteristics, analyze their concordance in primary and metastatic lesions, and study their impact on survival. A tissue microarray (TMA) with 186 tumors and 91 matched metastases was subjected to immunohistochemistry double staining with endothelial cell marker CD34 and fibroblast and pericyte markers α-SMA, PDGFβR and desmin. Images were digitally analyzed to yield "metrics" related to vasculature and stroma features. Intra-case analyses showed that PDGFβR in perivascular cells and fibroblasts were strongly correlated. Similar findings were observed concerning α-SMA. Most stroma characteristics showed large variations in intra-case comparisons of primary tumors and metastasis. Large PDGFβR-positive stroma fraction and high PDGFβFR positive perivascular intensity were both significantly associated with shorter survival in uni- and multi-variate analyses (HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.5; HR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.8). In conclusion, we found PDGFβR- and α-SMA-expression to be largely independent of each other but concordantly activated in perivascular cells and in fibroblasts within the primary tumor. Stromal characteristics differed between primary tumors and metastases. PDGFβR in perivascular cells and in fibroblasts may be novel prognostic markers in serous ovarian cancer.
Effect of sleep and sleep deprivation on ventilatory response to bronchoconstriction (1990)

To characterize ventilatory responses to bronchoconstriction during sleep and to assess the effect of prior sleep deprivation on ventilatory and arousal responses to bronchoconstriction, bronchoconstriction was induced in eight asthmatic subjects while they were awake, during normal sleep, and during sleep after a 36-h period of sleep deprivation. Each subject was bronchoconstricted with increasing concentrations of aerosolized methacholine while ventilatory patterns and lower airway resistance (Rla) were continually monitored. The asthmatic patients maintained their minute ventilation as Rla increased under all conditions, demonstrating a stable tidal volume with a mild increase in respiratory frequency. Inspiratory drive, as measured by occlusion pressure (P0.1), increased progressively and significantly as Rla increased under all conditions (slopes of P0.1 vs. Rla = 0.249, 0.112, and 0.154 for awake, normal sleep, and sleep after sleep deprivation, respectively, P less than 0.0006). Chemostimuli did not appear to contribute significantly to the observed increases in P0.1. Prior sleep deprivation had no effect on ventilatory and P0.1 responses to bronchoconstriction but did significantly raise the arousal threshold to induced bronchoconstriction. We conclude that ventilatory responses to bronchoconstriction, unlike extrinsic loading, are not imparied by the presence of sleep, nor are they chemically mediated. However, prior sleep deprivation does increase the subsequent arousal threshold.
Effect of Synthetic Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (1984)

DEBOLD, C. ROWAN; DECHERNEY, STEPHEN; JACKSON, RICHARD V.; SHELDON, WILLIAM R.; ALEXANDER, A. NANCYE; ISLAND, DONALD P.; RIVIER, JEAN; VALE, WYLIE; ORTH, DAVID N. Author Information
Receptor‐mediated endocytosis of human transferrin and its cell surface receptor (1985)

We have studied the process of transferrin endocytosis in human erythromyeloid cell line K562 using fluorescein (FL) and rhodamine (RD) labeled iron-saturated transferrin (FeTF), and a fluorescein labeled monoclonal antibody to the transferrin receptor (FL-mAB). Because the antireceptor antibody and FeTF bind to different sites on the TF receptor molecule, it is possible to simultaneously and independently follow receptor and ligand. We have measured the relative amounts of transferrin or antireceptor antibody bound in the presence or absence of proteolytic enzymes using a cell sorter. At 4 degrees C almost all of the FL-TF and the FL-mAB is surface bound in a diffuse pattern. Within minutes of elevating the temperature to 37 degrees C surface aggregates form and the FL-TF is internalized. At this time about one sixth of the transferrin is still surface bound and accessible to papain digestion. The remainder localizes in a perinuclear cluster of vesicles. Monoclonal antibody binds to the cell surface transferrin receptor but is not internalized at 4 degrees C or 37 degrees C. When unlabeled diferric transferrin is added, it promotes the uptake of the Fl-mAB. The addition of goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin also promotes FL-mAB uptake. These studies support the concept that a specific trigger is required for transferrin receptor endocytosis.
P-DBSCAN (2010)

The rapid spread of location-based devices and cheap storage mechanisms, as well as fast development of Internet technology, allowed collection and distribution of huge amounts of user-generated data, such as people's movement or geo-tagged photos. These types of data produce new challenges for research in different application domains. In many cases, new algorithms should be devised to better portray the phenomena under investigation. In this paper, we present P-DBSCAN, a new density-based clustering algorithm based on DBSCAN for analysis of places and events using a collection of geo-tagged photos. We thereby introduce two new concepts: (1) density threshold, which is defined according to the number of people in the neighborhood, and (2) adaptive density, which is used for fast convergence towards high density regions. Our approach is demonstrated on the area of Washington, D.C.
High-speed, sub-pull-in voltage MEMS switching. (2008)

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Self-Generation of Access Control Policies (2018)

Access control for information has primarily focused on access statically granted to subjects by administrators usually in the context of a specific system. Even if mechanisms are available for access revocation, revocations must still be executed manually by an administrator. However, as physical devices become increasingly embedded and interconnected, access control needs to become an integral part of the resource being protected and be generated dynamically by resources depending on the context in which the resource is being used. In this paper, we discuss a set of scenarios for access control needed in current and future systems and use that to argue that an approach for resources to generate and manage their access control policies dynamically on their own is needed. We discuss some approaches for generating such access control policies that may address the requirements of the scenarios.
Organocalcium Compounds with Catalytic Activity for the Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Lactones (2003)

Abstract The equimolar reaction of calcium bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] with 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptane‐3,5‐dione (Htmhd) in THF yields liquid mononuclear [Ca(tmhd){N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }(THF) 3 ] ( 1 ). A similar reaction in toluene with a stoichiometric ratio of 2:3 gives the dinuclear complex [{(THF)Ca} 2 (tmhd) 2 (µ‐tmhd){µ‐N(SiMe 3 ) 2 }] ( 2 ). The calcium atoms of these complexes are in a distorted octahedral environment. In 2 the complex consists of two octahedra connected by a common face of one nitrogen base and two oxygen atoms; the bridging Ca−N bond lengths are extremely large. The metalation of the tetradentate Jacobsen reagent with calcium bis[bis(trimethylsilyl)amide] in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) gives the corresponding calcium complex 3 , nearly quantitatively, as its DME adduct. The calcium atom is in an unusual trigonal prismatic coordination sphere. The metathesis reaction of 3 with tin( II ) chloride yields the corresponding yellow tin( II ) complex with the metal atom in a distorted square‐pyramidal environment. Complexes 2 and 3 show catalytic reactivity in the ring‐opening polymerization of cyclic esters such as lactones and lactides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Universal Rate-Efficient Scalar Quantization (2011)

Scalar quantization is the most practical and straightforward approach to signal quantization. However, it has been shown that scalar quantization of oversampled or compressively sensed signals can be inefficient in terms of the rate-distortion tradeoff, especially as the oversampling rate or the sparsity of the signal increases. In this paper, we modify the scalar quantizer to have discontinuous quantization regions. We demonstrate that with this modification it is possible to achieve exponential decay of the quantization error as a function of the oversampling rate instead of the quadratic decay exhibited by current approaches. Our approach is universal in the sense that prior knowledge of the signal model is not necessary in the quantizer design, only in the reconstruction. Thus, we demonstrate that it is possible to reduce the quantization error by incorporating side information on the acquired signal, such as sparse signal models or signal similarity with known signals. In doing so, we establish a relationship between quantization performance and the Kolmogorov entropy of the signal model.
Synthesis and Steady-State Photophysical Properties of Dye-Labeled Dendrimers Having Novel Oligothiophene Cores:  A Comparative Study (2000)

Novel chromophore-labeled dendrimers with penta- and heptathiophene cores and coumarin-2 chromophores at their periphery have been shown to be very efficient light-harvesting systems. Excitation of the peripheral coumarin-2 chromophores results in energy transfer to the oligothiophene cores as a result of the large overlap between the donor emission spectrum and the acceptor absorption spectrum, as well as the large transition dipole moments of the oligothiophenes. Although these core dyes have low fluorescence quantum yields, their emission intensity is significantly enhanced by the ability of the large light-harvesting dendron to funnel absorbed energy to the core. Because of the large Stokes shift of the oligothiophenes, the emission spectrum of the dendrimers was red-shifted by 200 nm from the excitation wavelength. Additionally, it was found that oligothiophene orientationend functionalization vs central functionalizationdid not have a significant effect on energy-transfer efficiency.
The Applicability of Approximate and Exact Transient Heat Transfer Analyses to Heating Process Used to Solder Multilayer Circuit Boards (1975)

The thermal response of multilayer circuit boards is calculated for hot air heating, wave soldering and polyethylene glycol immersion heating. The analysis involves the modification of the simple exponential law of transient heating or cooling to include bodies transferring heat by n different modes on a corresponding number of distinct surface sections. A Blot number is associated with each surface section. The model allows for different heat transfer coefficients and ambient temperatures on each surface section. The analysis reveals an expression for the fi'nal equilibrium temperature of the body, and a thin plate geometry subject to a variety of heating and/or cooling processes is studied in detail, This configuration is also studied using a finite element transient conduction analysis. Conditions. under which the model is valid are determined by comparing the results of the two analyses. The processes considered correspond to various methods of soldering multilayer circuit boards Of various thickness and thermal conductivity. ConsiStency with actual soldering times is found for the cases for which data are available. It is shown that the model is appropriate for a rather wide range of physical condition,,; associated with the soldering of multilayer circuit boards, and the thermal characteristics of the various soldering processes are discussed.
Quantitation of Urinary Somatomedin-C in Children With Normal and Abnormal Growth (1987)

The renal excretion of radioimmunoassayable somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (Sm-C/IGF-I) was measured in 12-h overnight urine samples obtained from 88 subjects, aged 3-19 yr. The participants included 34 healthy children (group 1), 29 children with idiopathic growth failure and normal GH stimulation tests (group 2), and 25 GH-deficient subjects (group 3). The mean (+/- SEM) urinary Sm-C/IGF-I excretion in group 1 (28.4 +/- 2.1 mU/kg) was significantly greater than that in group 2 (8.1 +/- 1.6 mU/kg) or group 3 (8.6 +/- 1.3 mU/kg). Twenty-two of the 29 subjects in group 2 had urinary Sm-C/IGF-I values less than 8 mU/kg. After the administration of biosynthetic GH to 12 GH-deficient subjects, urinary Sm-C/IGF-I excretion rose from 10.3 +/- 2.3 to 21.4 +/- 4.2 mU/kg within 12 h (P less than 0.05), indicating that renal excretion of Sm-C/IGF-I is GH dependent. One woman with acromegaly had markedly elevated urinary Sm-C/IGF-I excretion (420 mU/kg). The authenticity of urinary Sm-C/IGF-I was confirmed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Assay of serial dilutions of urinary Sm-C/IGF-I demonstrated a direct proportionality between concentration and dilution. Although it is not possible to identify whether urinary Sm-C/IGF-I reflects local or generalized synthesis of the peptide, we hypothesize that quantitation of Sm-C/IGF-I in timed urine collections will yield additional information about GH production and action in children with normal and abnormal growth.
Polarization of the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Anode and Cathode (1984)

A dual‐porosity, agglomerate‐type model for the porous anode and cathode of the molten carbonate fuel cell is developed and used to predict electrode performance in a small, differential‐conversion, cell. The model is based on a phenomenological treatment of mass transport, electrode kinetics, and ionic conduction, combined with structural assumptions. The model predicts the steady‐state performance, given a minimum number of structural parameters. Comparison with experimental data for a 3 cm2 anode and cathode shows good agreement for plausible values of these parameters.
Regional genomic regulation of cardiac sodium–calcium exchanger by oestrogen (2011)

Female rabbit hearts are more susceptible to torsade de pointes (TdP) in acquired long QT type 2 than males, in-part due to higher L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) at the base of the heart. In principle, higher Ca2+ influx via ICa,L should be balanced by higher efflux, perhaps mediated by parallel sex differences of sodium-calcium exchange (NCX) current (INCX). We now show that NCX1, like Cav1.2α, is greater at the base of female than male left ventricular epicardium and greater at the base than at the apex in both sexes. In voltage-clamp studies, inward (0, +20 mV, P < 0.04) and outward (-80, -60, -40, -20 mV, P < 0.01) INCX densities were significantly higher (1.5-2 fold) in female base compared to apex and male (base and apex) myocytes. Myocytes were incubated ±17β-oestradiol (E2 = 1 nm) and INCX was measured on days 0, 1, 2 and 3. Inward and outward INCX decreased over 2 days in female base myocytes becoming similar to INCX at the apex. E2 incubation (24 h) increased NCX1 (50%) and INCX (∼3-fold at 60 mV) in female base but not endocardium, apex or in male base myocytes. INCX upregulation by E2 was blunted by an oestrogen receptor (ER) antagonist (fulvestrant, 1 μm), and inhibition of transcription (actinomycin D, 5 μg ml-1) or translation (cycloheximide, 20 μg ml-1). Dofetilide (an IKr blocker) induced early afterdepolarizations (EADs) in female base myocytes cultured for 1 day if incubated with E2, but not without E2 or with E2+KB-R4973 (an INCX inhibitor), E2+fulvestrant or E2 with apex myocytes. Thus, E2 upregulates NCX1 by a genomic mechanism mediated by ERs, and de novo mRNA and protein biosynthesis, in a sex- and region-dependent manner which contributes to the enhanced propensity to EADs and TdP in female hearts.
Genetics society of america program and abstracts. (1989)

The mating process of the budding yeast.SaccharomvceS cerevfutr?.e, employs a signal transduction system to coordinnte the cell cycles of the haploid mating partner* and to prepare produce a peptide mating factor (g-factor and @-factor, them for cell and nuclear fusion.a and @ (alpha} cells each respectively) that acts on a cell surface receptor produced 1)y Studies from numerous laboratories (see Herskowitz.Microhiol.the opposite cell type (the m and SC@ gene products).Rev. 3 : 5 3 3 1988) have shown that yeast cells respond to the mating factors in at least three ways.G ne u L W . Tlw mating €actors induce expression of (a) $kese(su?a?.a) whose products are necessary for cell and nuclear fusion nnd (b) process reflects a final differentlation of yeast p. and @ cells genes for the receptors and mating factors.T h i s induction at an appropriate time and spatial arrangement of cells.L2.l g&J cvcte arrest.%e mating factors cause arrest of the cell cycle in the G1 phase.just before the initiation of DNA synthesis.The ~nolecular hasis for arrest is not known.Slowever, cell cycle arrest and gene induction have been mutationally separated: mutancs with an inactfve = gene are defcctive in cell cycle arrest but still are inducible for thc w gene.An interesting possibility is that the Far1 proOucC cell cycle arrest.-at r (OK something under its control) is the effector responsiblc for eorpaniza factors induce a change in cell polarity (F.Chong, I . .Marsh.tioa.The matiny, previous bud site.In the presence of a low concencratlon of e-unpublished).Haploid cells ordinarily bud next to their factor, they bud in random directions; at a higher concentration, they undergo a shape change ( t o form a "shmoo") in random directions.This alteration m y come about by a cytoskeletnl nuclear fusion during mating.We have identified five gertcs reorganization whose role fs t o facilitate subsequent cell .End normal budding pattern; their expression OK function might bo (W-W) that are necessary fox haploid cells to exhibit clro altered by @-factor.w also appears to play a role in chis response: Wmutants do not change their budding polarity in response to @-factor. 1.2OfafA_iO_9.L.k~,.ColurnbiaJnl_v_,.HewYo_~~,Y_OU_17_,_(_212)_85~~291(
A Small Decrease of Plastid Transketolase Activity in Antisense Tobacco Transformants Has Dramatic Effects on Photosynthesis and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism (2001)

Stefan Henkes, Uwe Sonnewald, Ralf Badur, Ralf Flachmann, Mark Stitt, A Small Decrease of Plastid Transketolase Activity in Antisense Tobacco Transformants Has Dramatic Effects on Photosynthesis and Phenylpropanoid Metabolism, The Plant Cell, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Mar., 2001), pp. 535-551