gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superluminal ring laser as a Holy-Grail of precision metrology: Rotation sensing, accelerometry, fiber-optic sensing and gravitational wave detection (2014)

A superluminal ring laser (SRL) is a laser in which the group velocity of light far exceeds, by a factor as large as a million, the vacuum speed of light, without violating special relativity or causality. This behavior results from the so-called fast light effect, corresponding to critically tuned anomalous dispersion. The anomalous dispersion is produced by adding inside the ring cavity an auxiliary medium that produces a narrow dip in the broad-band gain profile produced by the main gain medium. In an SRL, the change in the laser frequency, as a function of a change in the cavity length, is enhanced by a factor of nearly a million, when compared to that of a conventional ring laser. This effect can be used for enhancing the sensitivity of many devices, including a gyroscope, and accelerometer, and a fiber optic sensor. It can also be configured to realize a novel type of gravitational wave detector. We have realized an SRL using a buffer gas loaded Rb vapor cell, pumped on the D1 line, as the main gain medium, and an additional Rb vapor cell for producing the anomalous dispersion via Raman induced pump depletion. In this talk, the author will describe the behavior of this SRL, and outline the various applications we are pursuing, including rotation sensing and accelerometry for inertial navigation under GPS-denied conditions, and gravitational wave detection. He will also describe a fiber-optic based SRL, employing dual peaked Brillouin gain, for ultra-sensitive, general purpose fiber optic sensing.
Initialization of a Nonlinear Identification Algorithm Applied to Laboratory Plant Data (2008)

New techniques for recursive identification of systems described by nonlinear ordinary differential equation models are discussed. The model is of black-box state space type, where the right-hand side function is estimated as a multi-variate polynomial in the states and inputs, with the parameters selected to be the polynomial coefficients. An algorithm based on Kalman filtering techniques is derived, where a numerical differentiation scheme, used for generation of approximate state variables is a key ingredient. The Kalman-filter-based algorithm is, for example, suitable for initialization of a previously published recursive prediction error method (RPEM) based on the same model. In this brief, the algorithm performance of the Kalman-filter-based method is compared to that of the RPEM using a numerical example. Another example shows that the success rate of the RPEM is increased from 70% to 100%, when the proposed algorithm is used for generation of initial estimates for the RPEM. The Kalman-filter-based algorithm is also used for finding initial parameters for the RPEM when applied to live data from a laboratory process - a system of cascaded tanks. Based on the experimental results, this brief discusses advantages and disadvantages of different algorithms and differentiation schemes.
Towards extreme mobility humanoid resupply robots (2021)

We will describe the high-level design goals of SupplyBot, which will be a high performance humanoid robot, with physical capabilities approaching that of a human. The robot will feature high range of motion joint designs, new compact hydraulic actuators, advanced materials, and utilize advanced manufacturing processes to achieve one of the highest range of motion of any humanoid robot to date, while also maintaining one of the highest power-to-weight ratios. We will discuss innovative joint designs, robust shell designs, and various subcomponents to reduce weight and improve strength of the robot. Finally, we will describe algorithms for autonomously crossing a variety of mobility challenges and operator interfaces for remotely operating the robot through complex environments.
Application of high resolution magnetic resonance imaging methods for spinal cord tissue segmentation (2016)

This paper presents the primitive results of high resolution Magnetic Resonance (MR) Imaging experiments that are performed for spinal cord segmentation purposes. In the study, it is aimed to image the epidural space, the cerebrospinal fluid, the white matter and the gray matter tissues in the lower cervical and upper thoracic regions of the spine with a maximum voxel size of 1×1×1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . For this purpose, the MRI sequences providing T2 and T2* images and used for spinal cord segmentation in the literature are investigated and some of them are modified to fulfill the voxel requirement.
Global Metabolite Profiling of Synovial Fluid for the Specific Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis from Other Inflammatory Arthritis (2014)

Currently, reliable biomarkers that can be used to distinguish rheumatoid arthritis (RA) from other inflammatory diseases are unavailable. To find possible distinctive metabolic patterns and biomarker candidates for RA, we performed global metabolite profiling of synovial fluid samples. Synovial fluid samples from 38 patients with RA, ankylosing spondylitis, Behçet's disease, and gout were analyzed by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF MS). Orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant and hierarchical clustering analyses were performed for the discrimination of RA and non-RA groups. Variable importance for projection values were determined, and the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test and the breakdown and one-way analysis of variance were conducted to identify potential biomarkers for RA. A total of 105 metabolites were identified from synovial fluid samples. The score plot of orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis showed significant discrimination between the RA and non-RA groups. The 20 metabolites, including citrulline, succinate, glutamine, octadecanol, isopalmitic acid, and glycerol, were identified as potential biomarkers for RA. These metabolites were found to be associated with the urea and TCA cycles as well as fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. The metabolomic analysis results demonstrated that global metabolite profiling by GC/TOF MS might be a useful tool for the effective diagnosis and further understanding of RA.
Scaling of rough-wall turbulence by the roughness height and steepness (2020)

A roughness scaling behaviour is tested by performing the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a turbulent channel flow over three-dimensional sinusoidal rough walls. By systematically varying the roughness height .
Modified switching scheme‐based explicit torque control of brush‐less direct current motor drive (2019)

A modified explicit torque control (ETC) scheme for permanent magnet (PM) machine with non‐sinusoidal back emf is investigated in this article. The conventional ETC scheme for the PM machines with non‐sinusoidal back emf furnishes a wide band for the switching frequency and offers a faster response in the torque. In this article, a modified scheme for switching vector selection is proposed to reduce the switching frequency while maintaining the advantage of faster torque response. Other than the conventional two‐phase excitation, which uses opposite vectors for switching to get the speedier response in torque, the modifications proposed for the ETC of PM machine are (i) a closer vector selection from the available two‐phase vector plane and (ii) a combination of two phase and three phase excitation. Both these modifications gives a faster response in the torque as that of conventional ETC, while this offers a reduction in the switching frequency. Switching frequency variations are expressed mathematically, and experimental results are presented for the modified schemes of ETC and for the conventional ETC based to validate the proposed scheme.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Epigenetic Silencing of miR-490-3p Reactivates the Chromatin Remodeler SMARCD1 to Promote <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>–Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1: No effect of miR-490-3p on necrosis and apoptosis.&lt;/p&gt;
Simultaneous 3D 4C - OBC & VSP Walkaway Survey in the Attaka Field, East Kalimantan, Indonesia (2000)

Abstract A 4-component (4C), 3D, Ocean-Bottom-Cable (OBC) seismic survey was carried out at Attaka oil field, Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan. The objective was to improve seismic imaging beneath a gas chimney. Borehole geophysical data was acquired to determine the shear wave velocity structure in the area. This included a 3D VSP acquisition which was done simultaneously with the 3D OBC acquisition, a comprehensive walkaway VSP acquisition, and a dipole sonic log. This borehole data allows the 4C seismic to be tied to the well control, and provides needed input for 4C data processing algorithms, including common conversion point (CCP) mapping, CCP moveout corrections, and migration. The walkaways also allowed derivation of Qp and Qs information, which indicated a very low Qp (~19) in the near surface. This low Qp is thought to be responsible for the poor quality compressional seismic data. Findings are: 1) Extremely low Qp values associated with a known gas chimney were quantified. These are believed to be responsible for the deterioration of conventional P wave data; 2) low Vs values were recognized in the near surface. These impact depth conversion, statics computation, and moveout correction steps in 4C OBC data processing; 3) communications links between VSP and OBC recording equipment allowed a 3D VSP to be effectively acquired simultaneously with a 4C 3D OBC survey.
Phosphate recognition by sapphyrin. A new approach to DNA binding (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphate recognition by sapphyrin. A new approach to DNA bindingBrent L. Iverson, Kevin Shreder, Vladimir Kral, and Jonathan L. SesslerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 23, 11022–11023Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00076a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00076a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views349Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Spectral control of nonclassical light using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate modulator (2021)

Manipulating the frequency and bandwidth of nonclassical light is essential for implementing frequency-encoded/multiplexed quantum computation, communication, and networking protocols, and for bridging spectral mismatch among various quantum systems. However, quantum spectral control requires a strong nonlinearity mediated by light, microwave, or acoustics, which is challenging to realize with high efficiency, low noise, and on an integrated chip. Here, we demonstrate both frequency shifting and bandwidth compression of nonclassical light using an integrated thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) phase modulator. We achieve record-high electro-optic frequency shearing of telecom single photons over terahertz range ($\pm$ 641 GHz or $\pm$ 5.2 nm), enabling high visibility quantum interference between frequency-nondegenerate photon pairs. We further operate the modulator as a time lens and demonstrate over eighteen-fold (6.55 nm to 0.35 nm) bandwidth compression of single photons. Our results showcase the viability and promise of on-chip quantum spectral control for scalable photonic quantum information processing.
“PD” (Powerfull Optical Disk System) for Multimedia (1996)

The use of CD-ROM has become widespread. PC users have generally been satisfied with the performance CD-ROM's, however, there is also a demand for larger-capacity removable rewritable media for “Multimedia” applications. The “PD” system offers users an optical disk which is easily handled such as floppy disks presently in use. In addition, “PD” can also read CD-ROM at fourtimes of the speed using a single common slot for both CD-ROM and PD media. The PD system (name of the new optical disk system prososed by Matsushita Electric Industrial. Co., Ltd.) has good compatibility for pit and groove recording. We calculated the reflectivity, tracking error, and ROM modulation, and varied the groove depth and width to maximize performance. A signal was written on various pregroove depths, and the reproduced signal ratio was measured. We obtained good results by using a phase-change material with the PD optical disk.
Coupling of terahertz light with nanometre-wavelength magnon modes via spin–orbit torque (2023)

Abstract Spin-based technologies can operate at terahertz frequencies but require manipulation techniques that work at ultrafast timescales to become practical. For instance, devices based on spin waves, also known as magnons, require efficient generation of high-energy exchange spin waves at nanometre wavelengths. To achieve this, a substantial coupling is needed between the magnon modes and an electro-magnetic stimulus such as a coherent terahertz field pulse. However, it has been difficult to excite non-uniform spin waves efficiently using terahertz light because of the large momentum mismatch between the submillimetre-wave radiation and the nanometre-sized spin waves. Here we improve the light–matter interaction by engineering thin films to exploit relativistic spin–orbit torques that are confined to the interfaces of heavy metal/ferromagnet heterostructures. We are able to excite spin-wave modes with frequencies of up to 0.6 THz and wavelengths as short as 6 nm using broadband terahertz radiation. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the coupling of terahertz light to exchange-dominated magnons originates solely from interfacial spin–orbit torques. Our results are of general applicability to other magnetic multilayered structures, and offer the prospect of nanoscale control of high-frequency signals.
Investigation of Two-Dimensional Orthogonal Sequence Mapping to Multi-Layer Reference Signal for LTE-Advanced Downlink (2010)

In the LTE-Advanced downlink, to satisfy high-level performance requirements, advanced multi-antenna transmission techniques such as higher-order single-user (SU)-MIMO, multi-user (MU)-MIMO, and coordinated multi-point transmission/reception (CoMP) are key. At the 3GPP RAN WG1 meeting, the demodulation reference signal (DM-RS) was defined to support channel estimation and data demodulation for up to eight transmission layers. A hybrid code division multiplexing (CDM) and frequency division multiplexing (FDM) scheme was adopted as a DM-RS multiplexing scheme. The time-domain orthogonal cover code (OCC) is used for CDM since time domain orthogonality among OCCs is relatively robust against channel variation. However, in a medium-to-high mobility environment, orthogonality distortion occurs among OCCs, which results in performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a two-dimensional (2D) OCC that achieves two-dimensional orthogonality in the time and frequency domains to improve the performance of CDM-based DM-RSs while reducing the peak transmit power of each OFDM symbol where CDM-based DM-RS are mapped. Simulation results show that the 2D OCC is effective in improving the block error rate performance especially in a medium-to-high mobility environment. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed 2D OCC effectively reduces the peak transmit power compared to the time-domain OCC.
Solvothermal conversion of technical lignins over NiMo catalysts (2017)

Scope: Lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose are the main constituents of plants cell walls. Lignin is an aromatic rich compound, composed of phenolic building blocks. Depending on the method used for isolation of lignin from cellulose and hemicellulose, several types of technical lignin are available such as Kraft lignin, Sulfonate lignin (Lignosulfonate), Soda lignin and Organosolv lignin. Despite being a natural aromatic compound, lignin is mainly treated as a low value by-product, and is burned for the energy supply of pulp and paper industries. By extraction of higher value products from lignin, a renewable source of valuable chemicals would be available and the economic viabilities of the relevant industries will be promoted. Most of the recent publications have targeted one type of lignin such as Kraft lignin 1. However, it is desirable to introduce a method suitable for conversion of the range of available technical lignins. In this work, catalytic conversion of different types of lignin using an alumina supported NiMo catalyst (provided by Haldor Topsøe A/S) is conducted in ethanol at 310 ˚C with initial hydrogen pressure of 25 barg. The reaction time was set to 3 hours. Proton-Lignosulfonate (H-LS, provided by Borregaard A/S in form of Sodium-Lignosulfonate), Kraft lignin, Protobind 1000 and Organosolv lignin are among the selected lignin types. Non-catalytic conversion of each type of lignin was also performed at similar reaction conditions for comparison. The catalyst: lignin: solvent ratio of 1 g: 10 g: 100 ml was selected. The NiMo catalyst is a sulfur tolerant catalyst, which is originally present in the oxide form. The NiMo catalyst was presulfided before use to form NiMoS2. Presulfidation was conducted overnight by in-situ decomposition of 10 ml dimethyl disulfide and formation of H2S. After each standard test, the solid and liquid reaction products were separated by vacuum filtration. Furthermore, the light and heavy liquid products were separated by rotary evaporation at 35 ˚C and 5 mbar. While the light fraction was rich in ethanol, the remaining fraction was heavy oil, attributed as ‘bio-oil’. GC-MS-FID analysis was used for identification and quantification of the bio-oil and ethanol rich light fraction. The molecular weight of the oil fraction was determined by size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Elemental analysis (Eurovector EuroEA3000) was conducted for measuring the organic C, H, S, N and O contents of the oil and solid fractions. The gas phase in the autoclave was analyzed using a gas chromatograph.
STATISTICAL METHODS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF CANCER GENOME SEQUENCING DATA (2007)

The purpose of cancer genome sequencing studies is to determine the nature and types of alterations present in a typical cancer and to discover genes mutated at high frequencies. In this article we discuss statistical methods for the analysis of data generated in these studies. We place special emphasis on a two-stage study design introduced by Sjoblom et al.[1]. In this context, we describe statistical methods for constructing scores that can be used to prioritize candidate genes for further investigation and to assess the statistical signicance of the candidates thus identfied.
The Scope of the Direct Proline‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Ketones to Imines (2004)

Abstract A full account of catalytic direct asymmetric Mannich‐type reactions is presented describing the scope of amino acid‐catalyzed additions of unmodified ketones to a large variety of imines. These reactions are performed under very mild, operationally simple, and environmentally friendly and benign conditions employing a one‐pot, three‐component protocol as well as preformed imines. Typically, products were obtained with high regio‐ and diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities. The methodology developed was applied as a powerful approach toward the synthesis of enantiomerically pure functionalized α‐amino acids, γ‐lactones, oxime‐functionalized amino acids as well as pharmacologically important targets such as ( R )‐cyclohexylglycine.
Unexpected Formation of an Epoxide-Derived Multisubstrate Adduct Inhibitor on the Active Site of GAR Transformylase, (2001)

Multisubstrate adduct inhibitors (MAI) of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase (GAR Tfase), which incorporate key features of the folate cofactor and the beta-GAR substrate, typically exhibit K(i)'s in the picomolar range. However, these compounds have reduced bioavailability due to the incorporation of a negatively charged phosphate moiety that prevents effective cellular uptake. Thus, a folate analogue that is capable of adduct formation with the substrate on the enzyme active site could lead to a potent GAR Tfase inhibitor that takes advantage of the cellular folate transport systems. We synthesized a dibromide folate analogue, 10-bromo-10-bromomethyl-5,8,10-trideazafolic acid, that was an intermediate designed to assemble with the substrate beta-GAR on the enzyme active site. We have now determined the crystal structure of the Escherichia coli GAR Tfase/MAI complex at 1.6 A resolution to ascertain the nature and mechanism of its time-dependent inhibition. The high-resolution crystal structure clearly revealed the existence of a covalent adduct between the substrate beta-GAR and the folate analogue (K(i) = 20 microM). However, the electron density map surprisingly indicated a C10 hydroxyl in the adduct rather than a bromide and suggested that the multisubstrate adduct is not formed directly from the dibromide but proceeds via an epoxide. Subsequently, we demonstrated the in situ conversion of the dibromide to the epoxide. Moreover, synthesis of the authentic epoxide confirmed that its inhibitory, time-dependent, and cytotoxic properties are comparable to those of the dibromide. Further, inhibition was strongest when the dibromide or epoxide is preincubated with both enzyme and substrate, indicating that inhibition occurs via the enzyme-dependent formation of the multisubstrate adduct. Thus, the crystal structure revealed the successful formation of an enzyme-assembled multisubstrate adduct and highlighted a potential application for epoxides, and perhaps aziridines, in the design of efficacious GAR Tfase inhibitors.
Identification of human CD4+ T cell populations with distinct antitumor activity (2020)

How naturally arising human CD4+ T helper subsets affect cancer immunotherapy is unclear. We reported that human CD4+CD26high T cells elicit potent immunity against solid tumors. As CD26high T cells are often categorized as TH17 cells for their IL-17 production and high CD26 expression, we posited these populations would have similar molecular properties. Here, we reveal that CD26high T cells are epigenetically and transcriptionally distinct from TH17 cells. Of clinical importance, CD26high and TH17 cells engineered with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) regressed large human tumors to a greater extent than enriched TH1 or TH2 cells. Only human CD26high T cells mediated curative responses, even when redirected with a suboptimal CAR and without aid by CD8+ CAR T cells. CD26high T cells cosecreted effector cytokines, produced cytotoxic molecules, and persisted long term. Collectively, our work underscores the promise of CD4+ T cell populations to improve durability of solid tumor therapies.