gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TRACE AMOUNTS OF GRAFTED VITAMIN E PROTECT POLYETHYLENE AGAINST SQUALENE-INITIATED OXIDATION (2012)

Introduction Vitamin E stabilization of radiation crosslinked UHMWPE is done by (1) blending into the resin powder, consolidating and irradiating or (2) diffusing into already consolidated and irradiated UHMWPE and terminally gamma sterilizing. With blending, a higher radiation dose is required for crosslinking to the same level as virgin UHMWPE. With diffusion, the vitamin E amount used is not limited by the crosslink density, but, vitamin E is exposed to terminal sterilization dose of 25–40 kGy, less than the 100–150 kGy used with blending, which may decrease the grafting of the antioxidant onto the polymer. We investigated the efficiency of grafted vitamin E against squlene-initiated accelerated aging. Methods Medical grade GUR1050 UHMWPE with vitamin E (0.1 wt%) was irradiated to 150 kGy. Tibial knee insert preforms were irradiated to 100 kGy, diffused with vitamin E using a doping and homogenization procedure. This UHMWPE was used either before or after gamma sterilization. One set of machined blocks (10 × 10 × 6 mm; n = 6) were extracted in boiling hexane for 4 days, then dried. The extracted blocks were doped with squalene at 120°C for 2 hours. One block each was analyzed after doping. The rest were accelerated aged at 70°C and 5 atm. of oxygen for 6 (n = 2) and 14 days (n = 3). Thin sections (150 micron thick) were microtomed and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy to determine a vitamin E index (1245–1275 cm −1 normalized to 1850–1985 cm −1 ) and an oxidation index (1700 cm −1 normalized to 1370 cm −1 ) after extraction with boiling hexane for 16 hours and drying. Results After extraction, 92% of the original vitamin E was removed from diffused and sterilized UHMWPE and 99% of the vitamin E was removed from the diffused and unsterilized UHMWPE. Vitamin E content of the blended, irradiated UHMWPEs could not be detected. As a result of accelerated aging in the presence of squalene, all extracted vitamin E-stabilized UHMWPEs showed increased oxidation except diffused, sterilized UHMWPE. The small amount grafted vitamin E in these samples (8%, ∼0.02 wt%) protected irradiated UHMWPE under these conditions. All vitamin E-stabilized, extracted UHMWPEs showed higher oxidative stability than irradiated and melted virgin UHMWPE in the presence of squalene. In the blended, irradiated UHMWPE, there was less effective vitamin E compared to the diffused, sterilized UHMWPE due to the high dose irradiation. Conclusions Radiation grafting of vitamin E onto UHMWPE was effective against squalene initiated oxidation in accelerated aging. Vitamin E-diffused, sterilized UHMWPE showed no oxidation and diffused, unsterilized UHMWPE and blended, irradiated UHMWPE showed higher oxidative resistance than irradiated/melted UHMWPE.
CSMA/CCA: A Modified CSMA/CA Protocol Mitigating the Fairness Problem for IEEE 802.11 DCF (2005)

Using a distributed coordination function (DCF), the CSMA/CA protocol reduces collisions and improves the overall throughput in the IEEE 802.11 WLAN. To mitigate fairness issues arising with CSMA/CA, we develop a modified version that we term CSMA/CCA (CSMA with copying collision avoidance). A station in CSMA/CCA contends for the shared wireless medium by employing a binary exponential backoff similar to CSMA/CA. Different from CSMA/CA, CSMA/CCA copies the contention window (CW) size piggybacked in the MAC header of an overheard data frame within its basic service set (BSS), and updates its backoff counter according to the new CW size. Simulations illustrate that CSMA/CCA improves fairness relative to CSMA/CA and offers considerable advantages for deployment in the 802.11 standard based WLANs.
Design method of I-PD force control system based on instantaneous state observer for industrial robot (2016)

To achieve force control of an industrial robot, this paper proposes an I-PD force control system based on an instantaneous state observer. The structure of the proposed system is based on a resonance ratio control system and a feedback signal of the reaction force response. In this paper, the gain of a pseudo derivation is designed as the feedback gain. From the results of the designed gains, the feedback gain Kf is a negative value. Hence, the resonance ratio control system becomes equivalent to a state feedback. For the stability of the proposed I-PD force control system based on the acceleration control system and a state feedback, a new analysis method is required. This paper analyzes an open-loop of the proposed system considering the bandwidth of the observer. The results of an analysis show that an observer with a wide bandwidth is required. Therefore, the parameters of proposed system using the instantaneous state observer are designed based on the coefficient diagram method. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by performing numerical simulations based on the model of an industrial robot arm. The results show that the proposed method is effective for the stable force control of an industrial robot arm.
A comparison of area pointing and goal crossing for people with and without motor impairments (2007)

Prior work has highlighted the challenges faced by people with motor impairments when trying to acquire on-screen targets using a mouse or trackball. Two reasons for this are the difficulty of positioning the mouse cursor within a confined area, and the challenge of accurately executing a click. We hypothesize that both of these difficulties with area pointing may be alleviated in a different target acquisition paradigm called "goal crossing." In goal crossing, users do not acquire a confined area, but instead pass over a target line. Although goal crossing has been studied for able-bodied users, its suitability for people with motor impairments is unknown. We present a study of 16 people, 8 of whom had motor impairments, using mice and trackballs to do area pointing and goal crossing. Our results indicate that Fitts' law models both techniques for both user groups. Furthermore, although throughput for able-bodied users was higher for area pointing than for goal crossing (4.72 vs. 3.61 bits/s), the opposite was true for users with motor impairments (2.34 vs. 2.88 bits/s), suggesting that goal crossing may be viable for them. However, error rates were higher for goal crossing than for area pointing under a strict definition of crossing errors (6.23% vs. 1.94%). Subjective results indicate a preference for goal crossing among motor-impaired users. This work provides the empirical foundation from which to pursue the design of crossing-based interfaces as accessible alternatives to pointing-based interfaces.
White light-informed optical properties improve ultrasound-guided fluorescence tomography of photoactive protoporphyrin IX (2013)

Subsurface fluorescence imaging is desirable for medical applications, including protoporphyrin-IX (PpIX)-based skin tumor diagnosis, surgical guidance, and dosimetry in photodynamic therapy. While tissue optical properties and heterogeneities make true subsurface fluorescence mapping an ill-posed problem, ultrasound-guided fluorescence-tomography (USFT) provides regional fluorescence mapping. Here USFT is implemented with spectroscopic decoupling of fluorescence signals (auto-fluorescence, PpIX, photoproducts), and white light spectroscopy-determined bulk optical properties. Segmented US images provide a priori spatial information for fluorescence reconstruction using region-based, diffuse FT. The method was tested in simulations, tissue homogeneous and inclusion phantoms, and an injected-inclusion animal model. Reconstructed fluorescence yield was linear with PpIX concentration, including the lowest concentration used, 0.025 μg/ml. White light spectroscopy informed optical properties, which improved fluorescence reconstruction accuracy compared to the use of fixed, literature-based optical properties, reduced reconstruction error and reconstructed fluorescence standard deviation by factors of 8.9 and 2.0, respectively. Recovered contrast-to-background error was 25% and 74% for inclusion phantoms without and with a 2-mm skin-like layer, respectively. Preliminary mouse-model imaging demonstrated system feasibility for subsurface fluorescence measurement in vivo. These data suggest that this implementation of USFT is capable of regional PpIX mapping in human skin tumors during photodynamic therapy, to be used in dosimetric evaluations.
Small-Scale, Low-Cost Flow Cell Platform for Rapid Characterization of Redox Flow Battery Materials (2020)

Economic considerations are a primary driver to the adoption of redox flow battery (RFB) technology for grid storage. 1 Minimizing area-specific resistance of flow cells is critical to enabling efficient operation at high power, motivating research into redox electrolytes and cell designs. 2,3 The ability to effectively test small quantities of materials is essential, as early prototypes will likely require down-selection and refinement to meet desired performance. Further, identifying the causes of device failure can be challenging as they may be related to either materials degradation (e.g., instability, insolubility, incompatibility) or shortcomings in cell design (e.g., crossover, membrane degradation, high resistance). While established methods exist for quantifying electrochemical and transport properties under well-defined conditions and in isolation, translating this knowledge to laboratory-scale flow cells (and beyond) is nontrivial as experimental conditions are complex and results are often convoluted by other processes within the system. To this end, decoupling molecular discovery and engineering science is key: demonstrations of new active materials and design improvements require dedicated toolkits and testing protocols that enable robust comparative evaluations. 4 Thus, the development of broadly accessible research platforms, both hardware and software, may help advance scientific understanding and, ultimately, quicken technology growth. Here, we describe efforts to develop a small-scale (2.55 cm 2 ), low-cost flow cell for screening of RFB component materials. Modeled on and validated against state-of-the-art vanadium RFB designs, the small volumes and chemical resistance of the prototype enables evaluation of a wide range of chemistries with minimal materials requirements (e.g., active materials, membranes). In this presentation, we will discuss the key features of this platform, highlight its utility via representative materials design campaigns, and propose future applications of potential scientific and technological value. Ultimately, the aim of this flow cell is to accelerate progress by enabling rapid turnaround (i.e., fail fast) and easing entry into the field of a diverse set of researchers with key subdomain expertise. In this spirit, detailed flow cell designs, bills of material, standard operating procedures, and validation sets are made freely available to the research community to enable internal assessment and potential adoption. References A. Z. Weber et al., J. Appl. Electrochem. , 41 , 1137–1164 (2011). M. Skyllas-Kazacos, M. H. Chakrabarti, S. A. Hajimolana, F. S. Mjalli, and M. Saleem, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 158 , R55 (2011). L. Su, J. A. Kowalski, K. J. Carroll, and F. R. Brushett, in Rechargeable Batteries , Green Energy and Technology. Z. Zhang and S. S. Zhang, Editors, p. 673–712, Springer International Publishing, Cham (2015) http://link.springer.com/10.1007/978-3-319-15458-9_24. J. D. Milshtein et al., Energy Environ. Sci. , 9 , 3531–3543 (2016).
Table-top microscope for at-wavelength inspection of extreme ultraviolet lithography mask (2009)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) has been selected to print a new generation of semiconductor chips at the 22 nm half-pitch node and beyond. This technology has been demonstrated at laboratory and beta-tool scales but several technological issues, including the fabrication of defect-free masks, need to be addressed before it can be implemented for mass production of chips. In support of EUVL, there is a need to develop metrology tools capable of detecting printable defects on masks and mask-blanks. The most reliable way of detecting printable defects is to image the Mo/Si coated mask at the wavelength employed in the printing process, 13.5 nm. This is key to detect absorption contrast defects in the surface of the mask as well as phase defects generated from imperfections within the layers of the resonant-reflective multilayer coating.
Responses of Young Norway Spruce (Picea abies) to Winter Browsing by Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus): Effects on Height Growth and Stem Morphology (2003)

The effects of natural and simulated winter browsing by roe deer on mortality, growth and defects in tree form among young recently planted Norway spruces were studied in two field studies and one simulation (clipping) experiment. No effect of browsing or clipping on mortality was observed. However, height growth was reduced by browsing and clipping, and the reduction increased with increases in the number of years in which they were browsed or clipped. Browsing or clipping in three successive years reduced height growth by the equivalent of about 1 yr. Spruces frequently became multi-trunked and/or developed multiple leaders as long as browsing and clipping lasted. However, when the browsing or clipping ceased, almost all spruces became single-trunked again. A more persistent effect was that many of the multiple trunks developed into large, abnormal branches or "spike-knots". The characteristics of the spike-knots resulting from browsing and clipping were very similar to those caused by other types of damage. The results indicate that roe deer browsing on spruce is less harmful than many Swedish foresters have feared.
Efficient Electrochemical CO2 Conversion Powered by Renewable Energy (2015)

The catalytic conversion of CO2 into industrially relevant chemicals is one strategy for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Along these lines, electrochemical CO2 conversion technologies are attractive because they can operate with high reaction rates at ambient conditions. However, electrochemical systems require electricity, and CO2 conversion processes must integrate with carbon-free, renewable-energy sources to be viable on larger scales. We utilize Au25 nanoclusters as renewably powered CO2 conversion electrocatalysts with CO2 → CO reaction rates between 400 and 800 L of CO2 per gram of catalytic metal per hour and product selectivities between 80 and 95%. These performance metrics correspond to conversion rates approaching 0.8-1.6 kg of CO2 per gram of catalytic metal per hour. We also present data showing CO2 conversion rates and product selectivity strongly depend on catalyst loading. Optimized systems demonstrate stable operation and reaction turnover numbers (TONs) approaching 6 × 10(6) molCO2 molcatalyst(-1) during a multiday (36 h total hours) CO2 electrolysis experiment containing multiple start/stop cycles. TONs between 1 × 10(6) and 4 × 10(6) molCO2 molcatalyst(-1) were obtained when our system was powered by consumer-grade renewable-energy sources. Daytime photovoltaic-powered CO2 conversion was demonstrated for 12 h and we mimicked low-light or nighttime operation for 24 h with a solar-rechargeable battery. This proof-of-principle study provides some of the initial performance data necessary for assessing the scalability and technical viability of electrochemical CO2 conversion technologies. Specifically, we show the following: (1) all electrochemical CO2 conversion systems will produce a net increase in CO2 emissions if they do not integrate with renewable-energy sources, (2) catalyst loading vs activity trends can be used to tune process rates and product distributions, and (3) state-of-the-art renewable-energy technologies are sufficient to power larger-scale, tonne per day CO2 conversion systems.
Purification and characterization of proteins in multifloral honey from kelulut bee (stingless bee) (2019)

The kelulut bee (<i>Meliponini</i>) is a subfamily of stingless bees that produce honey. A total of 89 species out of a total of 500 species of kelulut bees are known to originate from the Indo-Australian region. Kelulut bees do not have quality standards so they still refer to the Codex and EU Directive which basically only applied for <i>Apis</i> honey. The Codex and EU Directive are formed by several psychochemical parameters, one of it is diastase activity. Diastase activity in kelulut honey is known not to meet existing standards or even undetectable. Therefore, this study aimed to explore proteins inside kelulut honey and investigate the possibility of using a specific protein as a biomarker to differentiate honey produced by kelulut bee from other honey. This research can also be considered as an initial step to optimize the exploration of protein in kelulut honey. This research is divided into two sections which are the preliminary research and the research expansion. From preliminary section, glucose dehydrogenase enzyme (GDH) was found to be present inside <i>Tetragonula</i> spp honey. A further examination of GDH enzyme was made in four kelulut bee honeys namely <i>Tetragonula leaviceps</i>, <i>T. biroi</i>, <i>Heterotrigona itama</i>, and <i>Geniotrigona thoracica</i>. The preliminary research has five stages that are exactly the as expansion research section except it didn't include GDH activity measurement. The research includes seven main stages. First honeys were dialyzed to remove the sugar content followed by centrifugation. The samples were then purified using liquid chromatography with anion exchanger column. The molecular weight of proteins was analysed by SDS-PAGE method. The GDH activity was measured using spectrophotometer followed by qualitative analysis using LC-MS/MS. The peptide sequences resulted from LC-MS/MS were then matched with Uniprot to identify the unknow protein. The results showed that only <i>T. biroi</i> and <i>T. laeviceps</i> had GDH enzyme activity of 0,1891 U/mL and 0,1652-1,579 U/mL, respectively. Bands from both species were also qualitatively identified as GDH. With these results, it can be concluded that the GDH enzyme cannot be used as a biomarker to distinguish the kelulut honey.
1318: Anatomy and Preservation of Accessory Pudendal Arteries in Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 23, 2006, 1:00 - 4:00 pm1 Apr 20061318: Anatomy and Preservation of Accessory Pudendal Arteries in Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy Fernando P. Secin, Nicholas T. Karanikolas, Juan I. Martinez Salamanca, Fernando J. Bianco, Kentaro Kuroiwa, Farhang Rabbani, James A. Eastham, Karim Touijer, and Bertrand Guillonneau Fernando P. SecinFernando P. Secin More articles by this author , Nicholas T. KaranikolasNicholas T. Karanikolas More articles by this author , Juan I. Martinez SalamancaJuan I. Martinez Salamanca More articles by this author , Fernando J. BiancoFernando J. Bianco More articles by this author , Kentaro KuroiwaKentaro Kuroiwa More articles by this author , Farhang RabbaniFarhang Rabbani More articles by this author , James A. EasthamJames A. Eastham More articles by this author , Karim TouijerKarim Touijer More articles by this author , and Bertrand GuillonneauBertrand Guillonneau More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33531-6AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1318: Anatomy and Preservation of Accessory Pudendal Arteries in Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 424 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 424 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Fernando P. Secin More articles by this author Nicholas T. Karanikolas More articles by this author Juan I. Martinez Salamanca More articles by this author Fernando J. Bianco More articles by this author Kentaro Kuroiwa More articles by this author Farhang Rabbani More articles by this author James A. Eastham More articles by this author Karim Touijer More articles by this author Bertrand Guillonneau More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
L‐Plastin, a Novel Regulator of Microglial Activation in Parkinson’s disease (2020)

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide behind Alzheimer’s disease. One prominent feature of PD is the marked loss of dopaminergic and motor dysfunction. Currently, there are no therapies to effectively slow disease progression. Neuroinflammation is a major contributing factor in neurodegeneration diseases including PD. Microglia, a type of glial cell, are primary regulators of neuroinflammation and these cells are capable of assuming activation states ranging from inflammatory to anti‐inflammatory and reparative. Thus methods to combat microglial inflammation or promote microglial anti‐inflammatory and reparative effects show promise as treatments to slow neurodegeneration. L‐plastin (LPL) is an acting bundling protein and other research has shown that LPL plays a role in osteoclast function, T‐cell activation, and it may be involved in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages. It has been shown in osteoclasts, that LPL phosphorylation at serine 5 plays a role in sealing zone formation. Using a peptide inhibitor to block phosphorylation of serine 5 on LPL prevented sealing zone formation and inhibited osteoclast‐mediated bone resorption. Given the evidence that LPL may play a role in inflammasome activation in macrophages, we investigated if LPL may play a role in microglial activation. To assess the function of LPL in the microglial inflammatory response, we utilized qPCR, Western blot, and immunofluorescence techniques. We show here that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment induces LPL phosphorylation at serine 5, as well as increased Lcp1 mRNA expression. Furthermore, using a TAT‐fused peptidomimetic inhibitor of LPL phosphorylation significantly reduced LPS‐induced inflammatory gene ( Il‐1b, Il‐6, Tnfa ) expression. For this study, an acute 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model was also used. Male (10‐week‐old) C57BL/6N mice were treated with four injections (one every two hours) of either saline or 15mg/kg of MPTP. Mice were then sacrificed two days after the last injection and striatum and hindbrain were isolated. Two days after MPTP treatment is when peak inflammation occurs in the brain. We found that Lcp1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in the striatum of MPTP‐treated mice compared to saline‐treated mice. These results suggest that LPL may play a role in the microglial inflammatory response, and that LPL inhibition may be a novel way to combat neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. We are currently staining for phosphorylated LPL in the microglia of MPTP treated mice. Furthermore, we have obtained LPL KO mice to assess the in vivo function of LPL in mouse models of PD. Support or Funding Information Kent State University Biomedical Sciences