gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1.7kV trench IGBT with deep and separate floating p-layer designed for low loss, low EMI noise, and high reliability (2011)

A novel 1.7kV IGBT with deep floating-p layers separated from trench gates has been developed to realize low loss, low EMI noise, and high reliability. Separating floating-p layers from the trench gates reduces excess V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GE</sub> overshoot, which results in a 51% smaller reverse recovery dV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AK</sub> /dt than the conventional IGBT. The deep floating p-layers weaken the electric field under the trenches, which results in an avalanche breakdown voltage of 2250V. In addition, the E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> + E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> for the proposed structure can be reduced by 47% more than that of the conventional one, maintaining a low V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CE(sat)</sub> of 2.3V at 125°C.
CO2 Hydrogenation to CH3OH over PdZn Catalysts, with Reduced CH4 Production (2020)

Abstract Metallic Pd, under CO 2 hydrogenation conditions (&gt;175 °C, 20 bar in this work), promotes CO formation via the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Pd‐based catalysts can show high selectivity to methanol when alloyed with Zn, and PdZn alloy catalysts are commonly reported as a stable alternative to Cu‐based catalysts for the CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol. The production of CH 4 is sometimes reported as a minor by‐product, but nevertheless this can be a major detriment for an industrial process, because methane builds up in the recycle loop, and hence would have to be purged periodically. Thus, it is extremely important to reduce methane production for future green methanol synthesis processes. In this work we have investigated TiO 2 as a support for such catalysts, with Pd, or PdZn deposited by chemical vapour impregnation (CVI). Although titania‐supported PdZn materials show excellent performance, with high selectivity to CH 3 OH+CO, they suffer from methane formation (&gt;0.01 %). However, when ZnTiO 3 is used instead as a support medium for the PdZn alloy, methane production is greatly suppressed. The site for methane production appears to be the TiO 2 , which reduces methanol to methane at anion vacancy sites.
Experimental Evidence for the All-Up Reactive Conformation of Chiral Rhodium(II) Carboxylate Catalysts: Enantioselective Synthesis of cis-Cyclopropane α-Amino Acids (2009)

Useful empirical insights onto the enantioinduction process of chiral Rh(II)-carboxylate catalysts are described in the first catalytic asymmetric cyclopropanation of alkenes with alpha-nitro diazoacetophenones. X-ray, solution NMR, and reactivity studies made on these complexes suggest that the level of asymmetric induction strongly depends on their active symmetry, which in turn relies on the nature of the chiral ligands' substituents. The catalyst's 'All Up' reactive conformation resulted in being necessary to obtain good stereoselectivity, and the resulting products are shown to be key intermediates in a concise synthesis of highly enantioenriched cis-cyclopropane alpha-amino acids.
Real-Time PCR Measurement by Fluorescence Anisotropy (2005)

We have developed an instrument for monitoring real-time PCR using fluorescence anisotropy, enabling an assay chemistry in which the fluorescence from a labeled primer elucidates amplification. The instrument holds the sample temperature constant to within +/-0.03 degrees C during measurement in the extension phase of each PCR cycle and achieves 0.116 mP FA resolution. Primer conjugation with Alexa-Fluor 488, when compared with other fluorophores, is shown to provide the greatest FA range between primer and product. Comparable reproducibility and linearity of the crossing point for a range of target copy numbers is observed between the FA-based assay run in our instrument and the SYBR green assay run in commercial instrumentation. Reproducibility is also consistent with Poisson-distributed experimental error in aliquoting starting copies, a theoretical limit to instrument/assay performance.
Effects of midsole cushioning stiffness on Achilles tendon stretch during running (2022)

Footwear midsole material can have a direct influence on running performance. However, the exact mechanism of improved performance remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if Achilles tendon energetics could potentially play a role in the performance improvements, by testing if changes in footwear midsole stiffness elicit changes in Achilles tendon stretch. Fourteen runners ran in two footwear conditions while kinematic, kinetic, metabolic and ultrasound data were recorded. There was a moderate positive correlation between the difference in stretch and the difference in performance, which was statistically significant (r(12) = 0.563, p = 0.036). Twelve participants had greater stretch and better performance in the same footwear condition. Based on stretch estimates, the difference between conditions in energy returned from the Achilles tendon was 3.9% of the mechanical energy required per step. Energy return of this magnitude would be relevant and could cause the improved performance observed. These results suggest that increasing energy returned from the Achilles could be a valid mechanism for improving running performance due to changes in footwear. These findings lead the way for future research to further understand internal mechanisms behind improved running performance.
In vivo study of cerebral ischemia using Shear Wave Imaging and Ultrafast Doppler (2010)

A multi-modal ultrasound imaging study of cerebral ischemia was performed on a rat model. Ischemia was obtained by the transient 2h occlusion of a cerebral artery and the lesion induced was imaged 1, 2, 4 and 7 days after the stroke. With Bmode imaging, the lesion was found to be hyperechogenic compared to normal brain tissue. With Shear Wave Imaging, the elasticity of the brain was measured showing that the ischemic lesion is softer than normal brain tissue and that its elasticity decreases significantly over time. With Ultrafast Doppler, the perfusion in the brain was measured showing that the lesion is hyperperfused compared to normal brain tissue with a peak two days after the occlusion. Ultrafast Doppler was also proved able to monitor the occlusion. Future work will focused on applying this multi-modal study for ischemic lesions induced by apoxia on newborn babies through the fontanel.
16β,18-Dihydroxylation of oxygenated 5α-androstanes with the fungus Leptoporus fissilis (1976)

W. A. Denny, P. M. Fredericks, I. Ghilezan, E. R. H. Jones, G. D. Meakins and J. O. Miners, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1976, 900 DOI: 10.1039/C39760000900
Metastable Ionic Diodes Derived from an Amine‐Based Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (2014)

Abstract A highly rigid amine‐based polymer of intrinsic microporosity (PIM), prepared by a polymerization reaction involving the formation of Tröger’s base, is demonstrated to act as an ionic diode with electrolyte‐dependent bistable switchable states.
EID Mappings Multicast Across Cooperating Systems for LISP (2007)

One of the potential problems with the map-and-encapsulate
approaches to routing architecture is that there is a significant
chance of packets being dropped while a mapping is being retrieved.
Some approaches pre-load ingress tunnel routers with at least part of
the mapping database. Some approaches try to solve this by providing
intermediate default routers which have a great deal more knowledge
than a typical ingress tunnel router. This document proposes a scheme
which does not drop packets yet does not require a great deal of
knowledge in any router. However, there are still some issues that
need to be worked out.
Application of V2O5/WO3/TiO2 for Resistive-Type SO2 Sensors (2011)

A study on the application of V(2)O(5)/WO(3)/TiO(2) (VWT) as the sensitive material for resistive-type SO(2) sensor was conducted, based on the fact that VWT is a well-known catalyst material for good selective catalytic nitrogen oxide reduction with a proven excellent durability in exhaust gases. The sensors fabricated in this study are planar ones with interdigitated electrodes of Au or Pt. The vanadium content of the utilized VWT is 1.5 or 3.0 wt%. The resistance of VWT decreases with an increasing SO(2) concentration in the range from 20 ppm to 5,000 ppm. The best sensor response to SO(2) occurs at 400 °C using Au electrodes. The sensor response value is independent on the amount of added vanadium but dependent on the electrode materials at 400 °C. These results are discussed and a sensing mechanism is discussed.
Examining the Use of Breast-Conserving Treatment for Women With Breast Cancer in a Managed Care Environment (2000)

At a National Institutes of Health Consensus Conference in 1991, conservation treatment was considered preferable for patients with early-stage breast cancer. In the early and mid-1990s, however, less than half of the eligible patients received this treatment and the rates varied with patient and provider characteristics. This study explores whether more eligible patients with breast cancer received conservation treatment in recent years in a managed care environment compared to reports in the literature, and if patient and hospital characteristics affected the rate of acceptance. The study population included 753 women with breast cancer in clinical stages 0, I, or II. Patients with Stage III or IV tumors or with tumors larger that 5.0 cm were excluded. A multiple logistic regression incorporated in a mixed-effect model was used to estimate the effect of patient and facility characteristics on the likelihood of using breast-conserving surgery controlling for clinical stages and demographics such as age, race, and marital status. Among the 753 eligible patients, 474 (62.9%) received conservation surgery. Only Hispanic ethnicity and clinical stage significantly affected the likelihood of receiving conservation treatment. Factors such as patient age, hospital size, and teaching status that had been found to be significant predictors in earlier studies were not statistically significant in this study, although conservation treatment was more frequent in younger women and in teaching hospitals. A larger proportion of eligible patients received conservative treatment in this study than in previous reports. This treatment became available in a broader range of institutions, moving from large, academic teaching centers to smaller community hospitals.
Light-emitting diode technology status and directions: opportunities for horticultural lighting (2016)

Here, light-emitting diode (LED) technology has advanced rapidly over the last decade, primarily driven by display and general illumination applications ("solid-state lighting (SSL) for humans"). These advancements have made LED lighting technically and economically advantageous not only for these applications, but also, as an indirect benefit, for adjacent applications such as horticultural lighting ("SSL for plants"). Moreover, LED technology has much room for continued improvement. In the near-term, these improvements will continue to be driven by SSL for humans (with indirect benefit to SSL for plants), the most important of which can be anticipated.
Two-stage Ear Reconstruction with Canaloplasty in Congenital Microtia (2006)

The current authors performed two-stage ear reconstruction of microtia using autogenous costal cartilage combined with canaloplasty of the acoustic meatus in a team approach. In the first stage, lobule transposition, fabrication of the cartilage framework, and implantation of the framework were peformed. In the second stage, elevation of the auricle, cartilage graft for posterior auricular sulcus, coverage with the mastoid fascia flap and skin graft, and concha excavation were performed. The canaloplasty was combined simultaneously in patients with radiologic and audiometric evidence of cochlear function in the second stage. A total of 36 consecutive patients with congenital microtia were treated from 1998 to 2003. Among them, 27 patients(male: 18, female: 9) ranging from 7 to 43 years old were combined with canaloplasty. The follow-up period was one year to 5 years.Thirteen patients exhibited improved hearing over 30 dB PTA(pure tone average), 9 patients below 30 dB, and 5 patients with no improvement. Complications related to the canaloplasty were chronic drainages of the auditory meatus and meatal stenosis. Lobule type deformity combined with the canaloplasty showed higher complications than concha type. Therefore, in the lobule type, meticulous manipulation is necessary to reduce complications after the canaloplasty.
Preparation of Highly Hindered Polyenynes (2010)

Abstract The terminal enynes 10 – 12 were prepared from the corresponding aldehydes 6 – 8 by applying conventional methods of acetylene chemistry. After exploratory study of the reactivity of these hydrocarbons (preparation of 13 , 18 , and 19 from 10 ) these building blocks were subsequently oxidatively dimerized (Glaser coupling) to the sterically protected oligoenynes 22 – 25 ; McMurry coupling of 13 yielded 26 as a mixture of diastereomers. Whereas 22 is inert towards sodium sulfide the higher vinylogs/ethynylogs 23 – 25 furnished the novel thiophene derivatives 28 – 31 . The structures of several ( 22 – 25 , 28 , 29 ) of the new highly unsaturated compounds were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
The Hypercomputational Case for Substance Dualism (2011)

I'm a dualist; in fact, a substance dualist. Why? Myriad arguments compel me to believe as I do, some going back to Descartes. But some sound arguments for substance dualism are recent; and one of these, a new argument so far as I know, is given herein | one that exploits both the contemporary computational scene, and a long-established continuum of increasingly powerful computation, ranging from varieties \beneath" Turing machines to varieties well beyond them. This argument shows that the hypercomputational nature of human cognition implies that Descartes was right all along. Encapsulated, the implication runs as follows: If human persons are physical, then they are their brains (plus, perhaps, other central-nervous-system machinery; denote the composite object by `brains+'). But brains+, as most in AI and related fields correctly maintain, are information processors no more powerful than Turing machines. Since human persons hypercompute (i.e., they process information in ways beyond the reach of Turing machines), it follows that they aren't physical, i.e., that substance dualism holds. Needless to say, objections to this argument are considered and rebutted.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Cooperation in wideband channels (2005)

In this paper we address cooperation in wideband channels. We first discuss a straight forward extension of existing cooperation protocols. The outage expressions for the wideband cooperation are cataloged. We also consider the case where a limited amount of channel state feedback is allowed. We explore the different ways that this side information can be used to improve the performance of user cooperation.
Tailored presolve techniques in branch‐and‐bound method for fast mixed‐integer optimal control applications (2023)

Abstract Mixed‐integer model predictive control (MI‐MPC) can be a powerful tool for controlling hybrid systems. In case of a linear‐quadratic objective in combination with linear or piecewise‐linear system dynamics and inequality constraints, MI‐MPC needs to solve a mixed‐integer quadratic program (MIQP) at each sampling time step. This paper presents a collection of exact block‐sparse presolve techniques to efficiently remove decision variables, and to remove or tighten inequality constraints, tailored to mixed‐integer optimal control problems. In addition, we describe a novel approach based on a heuristic presolve algorithm to compute a feasible but possibly suboptimal MIQP solution. We present benchmarking results for a C code implementation of the proposed BB‐ASIPM solver, including a branch‐and‐bound (B&amp;B) method with the proposed tailored presolve techniques and an active‐set based interior point method (ASIPM), compared against multiple state‐of‐the‐art MIQP solvers on a case study of motion planning with obstacle avoidance constraints. Finally, we demonstrate the feasibility and computational performance of the BB‐ASIPM solver in embedded system on a dSPACE Scalexio real‐time rapid prototyping unit for a second case study of stabilization for an underactuated cart‐pole with soft contacts.
Comment on “Dielectric tunability of (110) oriented barium strontium titanate epitaxial films on (100) orthorhombic substrates” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 042903 (2006)] (2007)

A modified thermodynamic potential was derived to describe the phase states and dielectric properties of (110) oriented epitaxial films grown on orthorhombic substrates.
Quantitative Study Of Deconvolution And Display Mappings For Long-Tailed Point-Spread Functions (1989)

An important goal in medical imaging is to increase the accuracy of visual detection of small abnormal regions. The presence of scatter in the image degrades spatial resolution by introducing long tails to the point-spread function. We show in this paper that linear deconvolution can be used to improve the performance of the human observer in the two-hypothesis detection task. Also, we investigate the effect that linear grey-scale mappings have on the human observer performance. We demonstrate that they help the human observer in the detection task and can be used sequentially with deconvolution to yield a better performance.
Toward a Resilient Prediction System for Non-Uniform Traffic Data (2013)

The authors developed a traffic prediction system which enhances a traffic information service. The prediction method is based on time series analysis and is applicable to short to long term prediction. Traffic information system are real-time and real-world system therefore it suffers various kind of disturbance from environment. To preserve traffic prediction quality, we need fundamental treatment on overall system so that the prediction engine be tolerant toward incomplete traffic data feed or non-stationary traffic data. A solution for incomplete data feed is a combination of data for multiple links. A solution for non-stationary traffic is a traffic simulation dedicated to traffic accidents. With these enhancements toward cyber disturbance and physical disturbance, the system resiliency can be higher.
The Role of Skincare Formulations in Cosmetics (2001)

化粧品における製剤の役割は皮膚の保湿にあり, 適切な感触に調整される。W/O型, O/W型が一般的であり, 使用感で使い分けされてきたが, 近年は様々な乳化製剤が開発され, その使い分けはあいまいになってきた。皮膚の保湿は単に水の供給によるのではなく, 天然保湿因子成分, 皮脂, セラミドをバランスよく角層に供給しなければならない。従って, これらを含有したスキンケア化粧料が必要となる。最近は皮膚科学研究の発展が著しく, 肌の悩みとされるしみやしわを予防したり改善する基剤が発見されてきている。重要なことは, これらの成分が皮膚内の適切な個所に供給されなければならない。またそれらの基剤には大気中で不安定な場合もある。乳化製剤はそれらのキャリヤーとしての役割を求められてきた。界面化学物性の利用や新規な機械を用いて多層エマルションやマイクロエマルションが調製され, 基剤の浸透性を向上させる期待が持たれている。
Pilot study of anti-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) antibody J591 for men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and unfavorable circulating tumor cell (CTC) count. (2021)

120 Background: Elevated CTC counts are associated with a poor prognosis in men with mCRPC. PSMA targeted radionuclide therapy has been associated with decline in CTC count, but it remains unclear whether this effect results from radionuclide-induced cytotoxicity. J591 was engineered to have antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. A subset of patients was observed to have CTC count decline following imaging with 111 In-J591, so a prospective study was launched to test the hypothesis that “naked” J591 leads to CTC count decline. Methods: In a Simon 2-stage dose de-escalation study, men with progressive mCRPC and unfavorable CTC count (CellSearch &gt; 4) received a single dose of J591. Initial dose cohort 300 mg with de-escalation to 20 mg. CTC count was re-assessed 4, 8, and 12 weeks following therapy along with PSA and standard imaging. An optional PSMA PET was included prior to treatment. The primary endpoint was proportion of subjects with conversion to favorable CTC count ( &lt; 5 CTCs/7.5 mL blood) and/or &gt; 30% decline from baseline within 12 weeks post-treatment. Results: 10 men were enrolled, 9 of whom were evaluable (1 died of progressive mCRPC prior to post-treatment CTC count). Median age was 71.5 years (range 60-81), 78% had prior chemo, ECOG PS 1 in 45% and 2 in 55%. 7 of 9 (78%) evaluable subjects were Halabi CALGB prognostic poor risk category and 2 (22%) intermediate. 6 of 9 had pre-treatment PSMA PET/CT (three 89 Zr-J591 and three 68 Ga-PSMA11). Though not required, all scans showed &gt; 1 lesion with SUVmax &gt; liver SUV (range 9.12-70.15). 2 of 6 in the 300 mg cohort had CTC count decline; 1 of 6 converted to favorable count (9 to 0 with decrease of 35 to 12 in other). 3 were treated with 20 mg; 1 had CTC count decline of 316 to 112, but 0 converted to favorable count. Across both cohorts, 3 of 9 had a CTC count decline at any point in time, ranging from 65-100% decline. With the pre-specified 2-stage design, enrollment was halted for futility based upon the primary endpoint of 12-week CTC count. PSA values post-treatment increased in 8 (89%) patients and remained unchanged in 1 (11%) patient. Conclusions: Single-agent anti-PSMA antibody J591 may lead to decline in CTC count, though the study did not meet its primary endpoint. A combination or maintenance approach might be preferable and is worthy of exploration.
Design for Thermo-Acoustic Stability: Modeling of Burner and Flame Dynamics (2013)

A Design for Thermo-Acoustic Stability (DeTAS) procedure is presented, that aims at selecting a most stable burner geometry for a given combustor. It is based on the premise that a thermo-acoustic stability model of the combustor can be formulated and that a burner design exists, which has geometric design parameters that sufficiently influence the dynamics of the flame. Describing the flame dynamics in dependence of the geometrical parameters an optimization procedure involving a linear stability model of the target combustor maximizes the damping and thereby yields the optimal geometrical parameters. To demonstrate the procedure on an existing annular combustor a generic burner design was developed that features a significant variability of dynamical flame response in dependence of two geometrical parameters. In this paper the experimentally determined complex burner acoustics and complex flame responses are described in terms of physics based parametric models with excellent agreement between experimental and model data. It is shown that these model parameters correlate uniquely with the variation of the burner geometrical parameters, allowing to interpolate the model with respect to the geometrical parameters. The interpolation is validated with experimental data.