gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflection‐angle migration in weak TI media (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002Reflection‐angle migration in weak TI mediaAuthors: Anders SollidEinar OtnesAnders SollidStatoil Research Centre, N‐7005 Trondheim, Norway and Einar OtnesStatoil Research Centre, N‐7005 Trondheim, Norwayhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816864 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816864FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2002ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 2002 Pages: 2478 publication data© 2002 Copyright © 2002 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 03 Jan 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Anders Sollid and Einar Otnes, (2002), "Reflection‐angle migration in weak TI media," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 1192-1195. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1816864 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Laser line scanning illumination scheme for the enhancement of contrast and resolution for fluorescence reflectance imaging (2013)

Intraoperative fluorescence imaging in reflectance geometry is an attractive imaging modality as it allows to noninvasively monitor fluorescence targeted tumors located below the tissue surface. The drawbacks of this technique are the poor resolution in the axial and lateral directions due to multiple light scattering and background fluorescence decreasing the contrast. We propose a novel fluorescence imaging method based on laser line illumination in reflectance geometry. We scan the medium with the laser line and acquire images at each position of the line. We then detect only single stripes of each image located on the excitation line or farther from it. We can also subtract the surrounding signal to the detected stripe, the optimal detection scheme depending on the depth of the object of interest. This allows us to reduce the contribution of parasite signals such as background fluorescence or excitation leaks and also enhances the resolution. These operations on the images can either be digitally done in post-processing or can directly be hardware implemented, allowing our method to be integrated in a handheld device for real-time use. This technique has been validated with tissue-like liquid phantoms with different levels of background fluorescence. Fluorescent inclusions are observed in several configurations at depths ranging from 1 mm to 1 cm. Our results are compared to those obtained with a more classical wide-field detection scheme. Finally, we propose a setup to optically implement the masking detection that will dramatically fasten the detection scheme and optimize the fluorescence light throughput of the system.
Molecular redesign of expanded polystyrene to allow use of carbon dioxide as a foaming agent. I. Reversible binding of CO2 (1993)

Abstract Environmental concerns, associated with the production of expanded plastics using hydrocarbon blowing agents, have spurred interest in environmentally‐friendly technology by which cellular materials, particularly expanded polystyrene, can be produced. Consequently, we have explored the possibility of using styrene‐based, amino‐functional copolymers to generate expandable systems, which would rely solely on CO 2 as a blowing agent. Carbon dioxide is an attractive foaming agent in that it can be readily extracted from the air, is nonflammable, and exhibits low toxicity. Using a styrenic copolymer, functionalized with ethylenediamine (EDA), the results of this study show that aminated polymers are capable of reversibly binding weakly acidic gases, CO 2 in particular. While the reaction products (polymer‐bound zwitterions) are stable under ambient conditions, decarboxylation can be thermally induced cleanly and easily. Work underway in our laboratory shows that microporous, as well as nonporous EDA‐functional copolymers, are effective, thermally‐reversible sorbents for acid gases. Furthermore, preliminary results show that these materials may also find potential applications in facilitated transport membrane technology. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Toward Foraging for Understanding of StarCraft Agents: An Empirical\n Study (2017)

Assessing and understanding intelligent agents is a difficult task for users\nthat lack an AI background. A relatively new area, called "Explainable AI," is\nemerging to help address this problem, but little is known about how users\nwould forage through information an explanation system might offer. To inform\nthe development of Explainable AI systems, we conducted a formative study,\nusing the lens of Information Foraging Theory, into how experienced users\nforaged in the domain of StarCraft to assess an agent. Our results showed that\nparticipants faced difficult foraging problems. These foraging problems caused\nparticipants to entirely miss events that were important to them, reluctantly\nchoose to ignore actions they did not want to ignore, and bear high cognitive,\nnavigation, and information costs to access the information they needed.\n
Precise anticoagulation for routine hemodialysis. (1978)

The interactive effect of two nearby soft ferromagnetic rods on the magnetoelastic buckling is studied. The cantilevered rods are parallel to each other. The buckling is due to a uniform magnetic field normal to the axes of the rods, making an arbitrary angle with the plane through the axes of the rods. The buckling analysis is based upon a perturbation theory in which the final (or buckled) state of the system is considered as a small perturbation of an intermediate equilibrium state, for which the rigid-body state is taken. The unknown rigid-body and perturbed fields are solved with use of the theory of complex functions. The forces of magnetic origin on the deflected rods are calculated and the buckling problem is reduced to an eigenvalue problem. It is found that the interaction between the two rods considerably reduces the buckling magnetic field in case of two nearby rods. The buckling mode turns out to be symmetric. These theoretically predicted results are confirmed experimentally. Finally, the influences of the direction of the basic magnetic field and of the predeflection (before buckling) are discussed.
The nature of ligand efficiency (2019)

Ligand efficiency is a widely used design parameter in drug discovery. It is calculated by scaling affinity by molecular size and has a nontrivial dependency on the concentration unit used to express affinity that stems from the inability of the logarithm function to take dimensioned arguments. Consequently, perception of efficiency varies with the choice of concentration unit and it is argued that the ligand efficiency metric is not physically meaningful nor should it be considered to be a metric. The dependence of ligand efficiency on the concentration unit can be eliminated by defining efficiency in terms of sensitivity of affinity to molecular size and this is illustrated with reference to fragment-to-lead optimizations. Group efficiency and fit quality are also examined in detail from a physicochemical perspective. The importance of examining relationships between affinity and molecular size directly is stressed throughout this study and an alternative to ligand efficiency for normalization of affinity with respect to molecular size is presented.
Interstitial and Interlayer Ion Diffusion Geometry Extraction in Graphitic Nanosphere Battery Materials (2015)

Large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are commonly used for simulating the synthesis and ion diffusion of battery materials. A good battery anode material is determined by its capacity to store ion or other diffusers. However, modeling of ion diffusion dynamics and transport properties at large length and long time scales would be impossible with current MD codes. To analyze the fundamental properties of these materials, therefore, we turn to geometric and topological analysis of their structure. In this paper, we apply a novel technique inspired by discrete Morse theory to the Delaunay triangulation of the simulated geometry of a thermally annealed carbon nanosphere. We utilize our computed structures to drive further geometric analysis to extract the interstitial diffusion structure as a single mesh. Our results provide a new approach to analyze the geometry of the simulated carbon nanosphere, and new insights into the role of carbon defect size and distribution in determining the charge capacity and charge dynamics of these carbon based battery materials.
The role of sperm proteasomes during sperm aster formation and early zygote development: implications for fertilization failure in humans (2007)

BACKGROUND Sperm aster organization during bovine and human fertilization requires a paternally-derived centriole that must first disengage from the sperm tail connecting-piece. We investigated the participation of the 26S proteasome in this process. METHODS Proteasome localization and enzymatic activity were studied in normal and pathological human spermatozoa by immunocytochemistry and enzyme-substrate assays. The role of proteasomes during bovine zygote development was investigated using a pharmacological proteasome-inhibitor, MG132, and with anti-proteasome antibodies delivered by Streptolysin O-permeabilization or with the Chariot reagent. Human zygotes discarded after ICSI failures (n = 28) were also examined. RESULTS Proteasomes were localized in the sperm acrosome and connecting-piece, as well as in the pronuclei of bovine and human zygotes. Proteasomal enzymatic activities were decreased in defective human spermatozoa. Disrupted sperm aster formation and pronuclear development were found after pharmacological and immunological block of proteasomes in human/bovine spermatozoa and oocytes, as well as in 28 discarded human post-ICSI fertilization failures. CONCLUSIONS Specific proteasome inhibition disrupts sperm aster formation and pronuclear development/apposition in bovine and human zygotes. Human spermatozoa with defective centriolar/pericentriolar structures have decreased proteasomal enzymatic activity. Release of a functional sperm centriole that acts as a zygote microtubule-organizing center probably relies on selective proteasomal proteolysis. These findings suggest an important role of sperm proteasomes in zygotic development.
Endoluminal fundoplication – the Hill procedure (2006)

Endoluminal operations for reflux are currently limited by the inability to visualise and manipulate structures outside the wall of the gut. This may be possible using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). The aim of this study was to define EUS-anatomy of structures outside the gut which influence reflux; to place stitches in the median arcuate ligament (MAL); to perform posterior gastropexy (Hill procedure) and test the feasibility of crural repair under EUS control in pigs. In survival experiments in 14 pigs, using linear array echo-endoscopes the MAL and part of the right crus were identified and punctured with a needle, which served as a carrier for a tag and thread. These were anchored into the muscle. An endoscopic sewing device was used allowing stitches to be placed through a 2.8 mm accessory channel to any predetermined depth. New methods allowed knot-tying and thread-cutting through the 2.8 mm channel of the echo-endoscope. Stitches were placed through the gastric wall into the MAL and one just beyond the wall of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). They were tied together and locked against the gastric wall. Preoperative manometry showed a median LES pressure of 11 mm/Hg and 21 mm/Hg after stitch placement (p = 0.0028). The length of the LES increased from median 2.8 cm pre-procedure to 3.5 cm post-procedure. At post mortem, the force to pull the tags out of the MAL was 2.8 kg median. This study shows that transgastric gastro-esophageal reflux surgery using stitching under EUS control can significantly increase the lower oesophageal sphincter pressure in pigs.
Dissolvable Topical Formulations for Burst and Constant Delivery of Vitamin C (2023)

Healthy skin has a high vitamin C concentration that protects against ultraviolet (UV)-induced damage, promotes wound healing, and lowers cancer risk. The present contribution describes two drug delivery systems for topical administration of vitamin C. The electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofiber carrier of vitamin C exhibits a burst release profile (66 mg/g/h followed by 6.3 mg/g/h). In comparison, a new composite PVA nanofiber-molecular capsule delivers vitamin C at a constant rate (8.2 mg/g/h) with a zeroth-order release profile for better therapeutic management. Both delivery systems protect vitamin C and afford increased heat stability. The molecular capsules of β-cyclodextrin with the vitamin C inclusion complex are immobilized on cellulose acetate and electrosprayed onto an electrospun PVA nanofiber mat.
2Tb/s (200x10Gb/s) Data Transmission over 7,300km Using 150km Spaced Repeaters Enabled by ROPA Technology (2007)

We transmitted 2Tb/s (200x10Gb/s) with 60% spectral efficiency over 7,300km with 4dB FEC margin using 150km spaced ROPA assisted repeaters. The same capacity, spectral efficiency and margin was achieved at 3,100km using 40Gb/s channels.
Functional Equivalency of B7-1 and B7-2 for Costimulating Plasmid DNA Vaccine-Elicited CTL Responses (2000)

A costimulatory signal in addition to an Ag-specific stimulus is required for optimal activation of T lymphocytes. CD28, the primary positive costimulatory receptor on T cells, has two identified ligands, B7-1 and B7-2. Whether B7-1 and B7-2 have identical, overlapping, or distinct functions remains unresolved. In this study, we show that mice lacking B7-2 were unable to generate CTL responses following immunization with a plasmid DNA vaccine. The ability of these B7-2-deficient mice to generate CTL responses following plasmid gp120 DNA vaccination was fully reconstituted by coadministering either a plasmid expressing B7-2 or B7-1. Moreover, the ability to generate CTL responses following plasmid DNA vaccination in mice lacking both B7-1 and B7-2 could be reconstituted by administering either plasmid B7-1 or plasmid B7-2 with the vaccine construct. These data demonstrate that either B7-1 or B7-2 administered concurrently with a plasmid DNA vaccine can fully costimulate vaccine-elicited CTL responses. Functional differences between B7-1 and B7-2 observed in vivo therefore may not reflect inherent differences in the interactions of CD28 with these ligands.
High-risk localised prostate cancer: multimodal treatment strategies combining neoadjuvant hormonal therapy and/or chemotherapy with radical prostatectomy (2003)

For patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer, clinical tumour stage, Gleason score of the diagnostic biopsy specimen and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level can be combined to identify a group of men at increased risk of treatment failure after radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy. For these high-risk, but still clinically localised prostate cancers, multimodal treatment strategies may result in improved cancer control outcomes. Indeed, in the setting of clinical stage T3 - T4 tumours, the combination of radiotherapy followed by hormonal therapy has improved patient survival. The benefits of adjuvant or neoadjuvant hormonal and/or chemotherapy followed by radical prostatectomy in this setting are unclear, but are the subject of ongoing or planned Phase III clinical trials. These studies will help define the role of multimodal treatment strategies in this high-risk patient population.
Learning, indexing, and diagnosing network faults (2009)

Modern communication networks generate massive volume of operational event data, e.g., alarm, alert, and metrics, which can be used by a network management system (NMS) to diagnose potential faults. In this work, we introduce a new class of indexable fault signatures that encode temporal evolution of events generated by a network fault as well as topological relationships among the nodes where these events occur. We present an efficient learning algorithm to extract such fault signatures from noisy historical event data, and with the help of novel space-time indexing structures, we show how to perform efficient, online signature matching. We provide results from extensive experimental studies to explore the efficacy of our approach and point out potential applications of such signatures for many different types of networks including social and information networks.
A study of the extraction of polyphenols from grape seeds with pulsed electric arc discharges: effect of pulse energy and treatment cell shape (2012)

National audience
Breaking the barriers of temporal and spatial resolutions for ultrasound neuroimaging (2017)

The introduction of plane or diverging wave transmissions rather than line by line scanning focused beams has broken the conventional barriers of ultrasound imaging. The frame rate reaches the theoretical limit of physics dictated by the ultrasound speed and an ultrasonic map can be provided typically in tens of micro-seconds (thousands of frames per second). Interestingly, this leap in frame rate is not only a technological breakthrough, but it permits the advent of completely new ultrasound imaging modes, in particular, neuro-functional ultrasound imaging of brain activity (fUltrasound). Indeed, ultrafast Doppler gives ultrasound the ability to detect very subtle blood flow in small vessels and paves the way for fUltrasound of brain activity through the neurovascular coupling. It provides the first modality for whole brain imaging on awake and freely moving animals with unprecedented resolutions1,2,3 compared to fMRI. Finally, we demonstrated that it can be combined with 3 µm diameter microbubbles injections to provide a first in vivo and non-invasive imaging modality at microscopic scales deep into organs by localizing the position of millions of microbubbles at ultrafast frame rates. This ultrasound localization microscopy technique solves for the first time the problem of in vivo imaging the whole brain microvasculature 4. 1. Mace et al., Nature Methods 2011. 2. Osmanski et al., Nature Commun. 2014. 3. Sieu et al., Nature Methods 2015. 4. Errico et al., Nature 2015.
Photic Desynchronization of Two Subgroups of Circadian Oscillators in a Network Model of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus with Dispersed Coupling Strengths (2012)

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the master circadian clock in mammals and is composed of thousands of neuronal oscillators expressing different intrinsic periods. These oscillators form a coupled network with a free-running period around 24 h in constant darkness and entrainable to the external light-dark cycle (T cycle). Coupling plays an important role in setting the period of the network and its range of entrainment. Experiments in rats have shown that two subgroups of oscillators within the SCN, a ventrolateral (VL) subgroup that receives photic input and a dorsomedial (DM) subgroup that is coupled to VL, can be desynchronized under a short (22-h) T cycle, with VL entrained to the cycle and DM free-running. We use a modified Goodwin model to understand how entrainment of the subgroups to short (22-h) and long (26-h) T cycles is influenced by light intensity, the proportion of neurons that receives photic input, and coupling heterogeneity. We find that the model's critical value for the proportion of photically-sensitive neurons is in accord with actual experimental estimates, while the model's inclusion of dispersed coupling can account for the experimental observation that VL and DM desynchronize more readily under the 22-h than under the 26-h T cycle. Heterogeneous intercellular coupling within the SCN is likely central to the generation of complex behavioral patterns.
Radiative heat transfer in nonlinear Kerr media (2015)

We obtain a fluctuation-dissipation theorem describing thermal electromagnetic fluctuation effects in nonlinear media that we exploit in conjunction with a stochastic Langevin framework to study thermal radiation from Kerr $({\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(3)})$ photonic cavities coupled to external environments at and out of equilibrium. We show that, in addition to thermal broadening due to two-photon absorption, the emissivity of such cavities can exhibit asymmetric, non-Lorentzian line shapes due to self-phase modulation. When the local temperature of the cavity is larger than that of the external bath, we find that the heat transfer into the bath exceeds the radiation from a corresponding linear blackbody at the same local temperature. We predict that these temperature-tunable thermal processes can be observed in practical, nanophotonic cavities operating at relatively small temperatures.
Modification of Ziegler‐Natta catalysts by cyclopentiadienyl‐type ligands: Activation of titanium‐based catalysts (1997)

Conventional Ziegler-Natta catalysts, based on TiCl4 supported on MgCl2, were modified by substituting a part of the chlorides by cyclopentadienyl (and derivatives) ligands. Although these catalysts are very active (activities up to 105 g PE/g catalyst/h) they exhibit a conventional Ziegler-Natta behavior (methylaluminoxane is not necessary, polyethylene produced with a rather broad molar weight distribution, low sensitivity to hydrogen). It was attributed to cluster effects: an increase of the number of conventional TiCl4 active sites by adding cyclopentadienyl ligands on titanium neighbors. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65: 2281–2288, 1997
The Hypoparathyroidism of Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy Protective Effect of Male Sex (2003)

In autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy, hypoparathyroidism (HP) is the most common endocrine component. It occurs in most (but not all) patients. Determinants of its occurrence are unknown, and there is no proof for its autoimmune nature. Recently, the Ca(2+)-sensing receptor (CaSR) was reported to be an autoantigen in HP. With our group of 90 patients, we aimed at identifying the determinants and pathomechanism of HP. For the determinants, we evaluated gender and the HLA class II. For the pathomechanism, we searched for parathyroid autoantibodies, including antibodies against CaSR and PTH. Also, we studied whether AIRE is expressed in the human parathyroid, because its absence could be a pathogenetic factor. We found a clear gender linkage with lower and later incidence in males. Of the 14 patients who had escaped HP, 13 were males. This was associated with adrenal failure, which was the first or only endocrinopathy in 47% of males vs. 7% of females. In contrast, we found no linkage to the HLA class II. By immunofluorescence, 19% of the patients had antibodies to parathyroid epithelia. By immunoblotting, these recognized several parathyroid proteins. No antibodies were observed against the CaSR or PTH. By RT-PCR, AIRE mRNA was not found in the parathyroid.