gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Growth of Ce Doped $({\rm Lu},{\rm Y})_{3}({\rm Ga},{\rm Al})_{5} {\rm O}_{12}$ Single Crystal by the Micro-Puling-Down Method and Their Scintillation Properties (2012)

Ce:(Lu,Y) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Ga,Al) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> single crystals were grown by the μ -PD method with RF heating system. In these crystals, Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> 4f-5d emission is observed within 500-530 nm wavelength. Emission peak shifts to shorter wavelength and the decay accelerates with increasing Ga concentration. In the case of Ce:Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> (Ga,Al) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> series,the Ce0.2% Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> crystal showed the highest emission intensity. In order to determine light yield, the energy spectra were measured under 662 keV ã-ray excitation ( <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">137</sup> Cs source) and detection by an APD S8664-55(Hamamatsu). The light yield was calibrated from <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Fe</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">55</sup> direct irradiation peak to APD. The light yield of Ce0.2%: Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> sample was of about 30,000 photon/MeV. Dominant scintillation decay time was of about 50 ns.
A Data Mart Approach for Monitoring Web Services Usage and Evaluating Quality of Services. (2003)

Web servers log data constitute an important resource to track users’ activity within a Web site, especially when organized and integrated with other sources of data on the so called clickstream data marts. These data marts support flexible and complex analyses, which are the basis to obtain great understanding of customer behavior and achieve efficient operation of electronic business initiatives. With the proliferation of Web services as a new trend to enterprise application integration and interoperability, it seems natural to use a similar approach to monitor services usage and to evaluate quality of services. This paper presents a data mart proposition generated from Web services log data that can reveal usage patterns on Web services giving a highly improved understanding of behavior and service provider performance.
Giant electro-refractive modulation of monolayer WS2 embedded in photonic structures (2018)

We electrically tune the index of refraction of a monolayer WS2 index that is integrated on a SiN photonic structure by up to 3%. The loss of WS2 is electro-statically tuned by less than 0.2 % at 1550 nm.
The presence of epidermal growth factor binding sites in the intracellular organelles of term human placenta (1986)

Highly purified lysosomes, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus, as well as microvillus plasma membranes, bound 125I-labelled epidermal growth factor ([125I]EGF) with similar affinity. Scatchard plots for all the organelles were curvilinear. The apparent number of available binding sites per mg protein of intracellular organelles was 27-71% of that found in microvillus plasma membranes. The bound and free [125I]EGF were not degraded by any of the organelles. Binding and dissociation of [125I]EGF in all organelles were dependent on the time and temperature of incubation. The specificity of [125I]EGF binding was similar in all organelles. The optimal pH for binding to lysosomes was 6.0, in contrast to 7.0 for all the other organelles. Exposure of different organelles to enzymes and protein-modifying reagents resulted in numerous binding differences between the intracellular organelles and microvillus plasma membranes. Covalent affinity labelling with [125I]EGF revealed two major proteins of 155 and 140(X10(3)) Mr in all the organelles. The 155 X 10(3) Mr protein was labelled predominantly in all organelles except rough endoplasmic reticulum, where both proteins were equally labelled. Addition of proteolytic inhibitors during isolation of organelles did not alter the pattern of [125I]EGF-labelled binding proteins found in the organelles. EGF also stimulated phosphorylation of the 155 and 140(X10(3)) Mr proteins in all the organelles. The 155 X 10(3) Mr protein was phosphorylated more than the 140 X 10(3) Mr protein in microvillus plasma membranes and smooth endoplasmic reticulum, whereas the 140 X 10(3) Mr protein was phosphorylated more than the 155 X 10(3) Mr protein in lysosomes and both proteins were equally phosphorylated in rough endoplasmic reticulum. Several organelles also contained minor [125I]EGF-binding proteins that did not show phosphorylation response and proteins that showed phosphorylation response but did not bind [125I]EGF. Thus, the present study demonstrates by a number of different criteria, that several intracellular organelles of term human placenta also contain EGF-binding and kinase activities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐(2‐Acetamido‐2‐deoxy‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl) and N‐(N, N′‐Diacetylchitobiosyl) Amides of L‐Histidine. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MicroGrad: A Centralized Framework for Workload Cloning and Stress Testing (2021)

We present MicroGrad, a centralized automated framework that is able to efficiently analyze the capabilities, limits and sensitivities of complex modern processors in the face of constantly evolving application domains. MicroGrad uses Microprobe, a flexible code generation framework as its back-end and a Gradient Descent based tuning mechanism to efficiently enable the evolution of the test cases to suit tasks such as Workload Cloning and Stress Testing. MicroGrad can interface with a variety of execution infrastructure such as performance/power simulators as well as native hardware. Further, the modular “abstract workload model” approach to building MicroGrad allows it to be easily extended for further use - enabling more novel usecases, diverse platforms or robust tuning algorithms. In this paper, we evaluate MicroGrad over different use cases and architectures and showcase that MicroGrad can achieve greater than 95% accuracy across different tasks within few tuning epochs and low resource requirements. We also observe that MicroGrad's accuracy is 25-30% higher than competing techniques. At the same time, MicroGrad is able to reach tuning goals 4-5x faster compared to alternate mechanisms. Overall, MicroGrad's fast, resource efficient and accurate test case generation capability allows it to perform rapid evaluation of complex processors.
Thermodynamic and structural analysis of highly stabilized BPTIs by single and double mutations (2009)

Enhancing protein conformational stability is an important aspect of protein engineering and biotechnology. However, protein stabilization is difficult to rationalize as it often results from the small cumulative and intertwined effects of multiple mutations. Here, we analyzed the mechanisms behind a remarkable 13 degrees stabilization produced by a single A14G and a double A14GA38V mutation in BPTI-[5,55], a natively folded bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor variant. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of three BPTI-[5,55] variants (A14G, A38V, and A14GA38V) indicated that the A14G mutation stabilized the structure enthalpically, whereas the A38V stabilization was entropy driven. We also determined the structure of the A14GA38V mutant at 1.09 A resolution, whereas the A38V variant did not crystallize, and we previously reported the A14G variant's structure (2ZJX). The overall structures of the A14G and A14GA38V variants were very similar to that of wild-type BPTI, but small local structure perturbations around residues 14 and 38 strongly suggested potential factors contributing to the enthalpy stabilization. First, the A14G mutation displaced the local backbone structures around residues 14 and 38 by up to 0.7 A, presumably increasing local van der Waals interactions. Next, this displacement produced steric clashes between neighboring residue's side-chains in all but the variants containing the A14G mutation. Noteworthy, these clashes are not predicted from the wild type BPTI structure. These observations provide one of the first unambiguous analyses of how a subtle interplay between the sidechain and backbone structures can have a major effect on protein stability.
Integrated stereo Delta-Sigma class D amplifier (2005)

A 2/spl times/40W (into 4/spl Omega/ with a 20V supply) integrated stereo /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ class D amplifier with 100dB SNR is realized in a 0.6 /spl mu/m CMOS process with DMOS transistors and buried Zener diodes. Feedback from power stage outputs gives 0.001% THD and 65dB PSRR. The modulator clock rate is 6MHz, but dynamically adjusted quantizer hysteresis reduces the output data rate to 450kHz, helping achieve 88% efficiency.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC APPLICATIONS OF PHENYLSELENENYL CHLORIDE ADDITIONS. A SIMPLE 1,3‐ENONE TRANSPOSITION SEQUENCE (1980)

Abstract Das ungesättigte Keton (I) wird zum Allylalkohol (II) reduziert und dann durch Reaktion mit Phenylselenylchlorid und nachfolgende Oxidation und Eliminierung mit Triethylamin in den Chlor‐allyl‐alkohol (IIIa) umgewandelt, der das Acetat (IIIb) gibt.
Der notfallmäßige Kaiserschnitt - Analyse von 143 Notsectiones (1992)

Since compromises must be accepted in emergency Caesarean sections in respect of preparation, anaesthesia and hygienic standards, 143 emergency caesarean sections out of a total number of 37,583 deliveries were analysed during 1981-1990 from four different obstetrical departments as well as risks, complications, maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality were studied. In connection with these operations, which are not influenced only by medical factors but also by logistics, two mothers died (1.4%). Perinatal mortality was 3.3% (unpurified perinatal mortality: 8.5%). Neither the influence of time, when the Caesarean section was performed, nor the place of operation (theatre or labor bed), nor the indication for the operation on foetal outcome and maternal morbidity were found. Maternal morbidity was mainly contributed to pre- and intraoperative bleeding. Intraoperatively 12.6% and postoperatively 10.5% of the patients had to be given heterologous blood conserves. In more than a third of the newborn, which had been delivered by emergency Caesarean section, because of a pathological cardiotocogram, the pH values showed no pathological findings. The benefit of an antibiotic prophylaxis in emergency Caesarean sections could be significantly demonstrated, showing the different rates of secondary healing complications. A particular problem exists in emergency Caesarean sections for the delivery of the second twin following spontaneous delivery of the first one (2.8%).
BERT-ATTACK: Adversarial Attack Against BERT Using BERT (2020)

Adversarial attacks for discrete data (such as texts) have been proved significantly more challenging than continuous data (such as images) since it is difficult to generate adversarial samples with gradient-based methods. Current successful attack methods for texts usually adopt heuristic replacement strategies on the character or word level, which remains challenging to find the optimal solution in the massive space of possible combinations of replacements while preserving semantic consistency and language fluency. In this paper, we propose \textbf{BERT-Attack}, a high-quality and effective method to generate adversarial samples using pre-trained masked language models exemplified by BERT. We turn BERT against its fine-tuned models and other deep neural models in downstream tasks so that we can successfully mislead the target models to predict incorrectly. Our method outperforms state-of-the-art attack strategies in both success rate and perturb percentage, while the generated adversarial samples are fluent and semantically preserved. Also, the cost of calculation is low, thus possible for large-scale generations. The code is available at https://github.com/LinyangLee/BERT-Attack.
Postponing the orthogonality catastrophe: efficient state preparation\n for electronic structure simulations on quantum devices (2018)

Despite significant work on resource estimation for quantum simulation of\nelectronic systems, the challenge of preparing states with sufficient ground\nstate support has so far been largely neglected. In this work we investigate\nthis issue in several systems of interest, including organic molecules,\ntransition metal complexes, the uniform electron gas, Hubbard models, and\nquantum impurity models arising from embedding formalisms such as dynamical\nmean-field theory. Our approach uses a state-of-the-art classical technique for\nhigh-fidelity ground state approximation. We find that easy-to-prepare single\nSlater determinants such as the Hartree-Fock state often have surprisingly\nrobust support on the ground state for many applications of interest. For the\nmost difficult systems, single-determinant reference states may be\ninsufficient, but low-complexity reference states may suffice. For this we\nintroduce a method for preparation of multi-determinant states on quantum\ncomputers.\n
A multi-omic analysis of MCF10A cells provides a resource for integrative assessment of ligand-mediated molecular and phenotypic responses (2022)

The phenotype of a cell and its underlying molecular state is strongly influenced by extracellular signals, including growth factors, hormones, and extracellular matrix proteins. While these signals are normally tightly controlled, their dysregulation leads to phenotypic and molecular states associated with diverse diseases. To develop a detailed understanding of the linkage between molecular and phenotypic changes, we generated a comprehensive dataset that catalogs the transcriptional, proteomic, epigenomic and phenotypic responses of MCF10A mammary epithelial cells after exposure to the ligands EGF, HGF, OSM, IFNG, TGFB and BMP2. Systematic assessment of the molecular and cellular phenotypes induced by these ligands comprise the LINCS Microenvironment (ME) perturbation dataset, which has been curated and made publicly available for community-wide analysis and development of novel computational methods ( synapse.org/LINCS_MCF10A ). In illustrative analyses, we demonstrate how this dataset can be used to discover functionally related molecular features linked to specific cellular phenotypes. Beyond these analyses, this dataset will serve as a resource for the broader scientific community to mine for biological insights, to compare signals carried across distinct molecular modalities, and to develop new computational methods for integrative data analysis.
Efficient Production of Acetic Acid from Nipa (Nypa fruticans) Sap by Moorella thermoacetica (f. Clostridium thermoaceticum) (2019)

To valorize the underutilized nipa sap composed mainly of sucrose, glucose and fructose, acetic acid fermentation by Moorella thermoacetica was explored. Given that M. thermoacetica cannot directly metabolize sucrose, we evaluated various catalysts for the hydrolysis of this material. Oxalic acid and invertase exhibited high levels of activity towards the hydrolysis of the sucrose in nipa sap to glucose and fructose. Although these two methods consumed similar levels of energy for the hydrolysis of sucrose, oxalic acid was found to be more cost-effective. Nipa saps hydrolyzed by these two catalysts were also fermented by M. thermoacetica. The results revealed that the two hydrolyzed sap mixtures gave 10.0 g/L of acetic acid from the 10.2 g/L of substrate sugars in nipa sap. Notably, the results showed that the oxalic acid catalyst was also fermented to acetic acid, which avoided the need to remove the catalyst from the product stream. Taken together, these results show that oxalic acid hydrolysis is superior to enzymatic hydrolysis for the pretreatment of nipa sap. The acetic acid yield achieved in this study corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 98%, which is about 3.6 times higher than that achieved using the traditional methods. The process developed in this study therefore has high potential as a green biorefinery process for the efficient conversion of sucrose-containing nipa sap to bio-derived acetic acid.
Blocked Elements in 1-D and 2-D Arrays—Part I: Detection and Basic Compensation on Simulated and In Vivo Targets (2017)

During a transcostal ultrasound scan, ribs and other highly attenuating and/or reflective tissue structures can block parts of the array. Blocked elements tend to limit the acoustic window and impede visualization of structures of interest. Here, we demonstrate a method to detect blocked elements and we measure the loss of image quality they introduce in simulation and in vivo. We utilize a fullwave simulation tool and a clinical ultrasound scanner to obtain element signals from fully sampled matrix arrays during simulated and in vivo transcostal liver scans, respectively. The elements that were blocked by a rib showed lower average signal amplitude and lower average nearest-neighbor cross correlation than the elements in the remainder of the 2-D aperture. The growing receive-aperture B-mode images created from the element data indicate that the signals on blocked elements are dominated by noise and that turning them OFF has a potential to improve visibility of liver vasculature. Adding blocked elements to the growing receive apertures for five in vivo transcostal acquisitions resulted in average decrease in vessel contrast and contrast to noise ratio of 19% and 10%, respectively.
Single Molecule Analysis Tool (SMAT) for Multiplexed Label-Free Assessment of Rare Cell Populations (2014)

A nanowell sensor for single molecular proteomic analysis of lung cancer has been designed. The nanowell sensor is an electrochemical immunoassay and comprises of a heterogenous nanoporous arrays integrated on to a gold microelectronic platform. The sensor operates on the principle of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Our approach to classification of lung cancer is based on screening for levels of expression of specific proteomic biomarkers associated with lung cancer stem cells. Proteomic activity for two lung cancer cell lines for two specific markers (ALDH1A1 and ALDH1A3) was quantified. Test samples prepared by synthetically spiking human pooled serum were tested and quantified for cancer stem cell marker activity. The lowest proteomic activity measured with (a) ALDH1A3 was 0.01 ng/mL and (b) ALDH1A1 was 1 ng/mL correlating to the detection of unit stem cell count.
Effect of Cure Temperature and Pressure on Autoclave-Bonded Polycarbonate Single Lap Joints (2016)

This study investigates the effect of cure temperature and pressure on the mechanical performance of autoclave-bonded single lap joints (SLJ). Joint load transfer capacity (LTC) and failure mode analysis are provided. Test joints are made of two polycarbonate lexan adherends that are autoclave-bonded together using aliphatic polyether (Polyurethane) film adhesive (Huntsman PE399). Two levels of cure pressure and cure temperature are investigated, for their effect on joint load transfer capacity and failure. Data analysis and discussion are provided.
Monolayer Morphology and Collapse Induced by Lung Surfactant Protein: Observation Via Fluorescence and Atomic Force Microscopy (1996)

Understanding the role of lung surfactant specific proteins in lipid monolayers is essential for improved treatments for Respiratory Distress Syndrome, which is a leading cause of death in premature infants. Fluorescence (FM) and Atomic Force (AFM) microscopies reveal that the amino-terminal peptide of lung surfactant protein SP-B alters the behavior of palmitic acid (PA) monolayers, enhancing their in vivo performance. The combination of these techniques provides an excellent correlation between the protein-lipid interactions on the molecular level with the macroscopic properties of the monolayer. SP-B protein incorporates into monolayers of PA, an important component of natural and synthetic lung surfactants monolayers. The effect of the protein on the monolayer is evidenced in the isotherm data shown in Fig 1, in which the area per PA molecule, compressibility, and surface pressure at collapse all increase as a function of increasing protein concentration. The protein accomplishes this by inhibiting the formation of ordered phases of PA. This is seen via FM as a transition from a homogeneous, dark ordered phase without protein (Fig 2a) to a network of a disordered, bright phase (the fluorescent lipid probes used in this study prefer to partition into disordered phases, making them appear as bright regions in FM images) that separates ordered phase domains at coexistence (Fig. 2b). The network is stabilized by the low line tension between the bright phase and other lipid phases as confirmed by the formation of extended linear domains of bright phase in a dark background, or “stripe” phases (Fig. 3a) under certain subphase conditions. Similar stripe phases also occur in single component fluorescein-labeled SP-B monolayers (Fig 3b), implying that the protein is responsible for the reduction in line tension. The formation of the fluid phase network is responsible for the increased collapse resistance of these mixed monolayers. The mechanism of collapse shifts from a heterogeneous process of nucleation and growth of large rigid crystalline collapse phases (Fig. 4a) to a more homogeneous process with nucleation and growth of smaller domains distributed uniformly across the film (Fig. 4b). This is due to the protein-induced network breaking up and isolating the domains of ordered phase, effectively lowering the probability of finding a heterogeneous nucleation site within each domain (analagous to the classic experiments of Turnbull on supercooled microemulsions of metallic liquids). The partitioning of the protein into the bright phase network was confirmed through the use of a dual-probe system. Fluorescein-labeled SP-B was added to a PA monolayer incorporating a fluorescent lipid analogue that emits at a higher wavelength. Upon imaging the same region of a monolayer at the different wavelengths (Fig. 5a and 5b), the protein is seen to be located in the bright phase network regions as expected.