gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon Oxide Surface as a Substrate of Polymer Thin Films (2001)

We have measured the thickness of the oxide layer of Si wafers as a function of annealing temperature following treatment with either a modified Shiraki method (hydrophilic) or HF etching (hydrophobic). The results show that in both cases there exists a well-defined oxide layer, approximately 20 Å thick, which forms within at least 20 min of the processing. The density of this layer is initially 35% of the usual silicon oxides. The density of this layer gradually increases, approaching that of the pure oxides as the substrates are annealed from room temperature to 180 °C. These results were interpreted in terms of a complexed layer of water. These results are consistent with dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry, which shows that the amount of oxygen at the Si interface decreases with increasing temperature. The activation energies, obtained 31.6 and 19.3 kJ/mol for the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces, are consistent with the evaporation energy of water. The effect of the adsorbed water was also evident on the diffusion coefficient of PS from the Si interface. The diffusion coefficient (D*) was expressed as D* = DWLF(T) exp(−ΔEs/kT) where DWLF is the usual WLF temperature dependence diffusion coefficient, and the additional activation energy measured was ΔEs ∼ 6.7 kJ/mol per contact. The energy corresponds to the interaction energy between styrene monomers and mostly the adsorbed water layer.
Restricted Replication of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Murine Embryonal Carcinoma Cells (1987)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has a broad host range but the KOS strain of HSV-1 did not replicate efficiently in murine embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. The yield of infectious HSV-1 from EC cells was 100- to 1000-fold lower than that from fibroblast cell lines of mouse, monkey or human origin. The thymidine kinase (TK) gene of HSV-1 is expressed early during the infectious cycle. The levels of TK mRNA and of TK activity in infected EC cells were only two- to threefold lower than levels from infected fibroblast cells. Infected EC cells supported replication of about half as much HSV-1 DNA as did fibroblast cells. The reduced yield of infectious virus was consistent with a paucity of virions in infected EC cells examined by electron microscopy, suggesting a major block late during the HSV-1 infectious cycle. We isolated a variant strain of HSV-1, called KOSEC, which replicated as efficiently in EC cells as in mouse fibroblasts. KOSEC infected EC and fibroblast cells, synthesized more TK mRNA, more TK enzyme, and more HSV-1 DNA than did the same cells infected with the KOS stain. Both HSV-1 strains induced similar levels of synthesis of gD, an early viral glycoprotein. By co-infection of EC cells with the KOS and KOSEC virus, both the elevated virus yield and the elevated TK synthesis seen in KOSEC-infected cells appeared to be recessive. Apparently a viral mutation that affects expression of some early viral functions can also overcome the EC cell restriction to HSV-1 replication.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Promoted Aryl/Saturated Heterocyclic C—N Bond Cross‐Coupling with Arylboronic Acid and Arylstannane. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thin Film Growth and Device Fabrication of Iron-Based Superconductors (2012)

Iron-based superconductors have received much attention as a new family of high-temperature superconductors owing to their unique properties and distinct differences from cuprates and conventional superconductors. This paper reviews progress in thin film research on iron-based superconductors since their discovery for each of five material systems with an emphasis on growth, physical properties, device fabrication, and relevant bulk material properties.
Precision Synthesis and Atomistic Analysis of Deep-Blue Cubic Quantum Dots Made via Self-Organization (2022)

As a crystal approaches a few nanometers in size, atoms become nonequivalent, bonds vibrate, and quantum effects emerge. To study quantum dots (QDs) with structural control common in molecular science, we need atomic precision synthesis and analysis. We describe here the synthesis of lead bromide perovskite magic-sized nanoclusters via self-organization of a lead malate chelate complex and PbBr<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> under ambient conditions. Millisecond and angstrom resolution electron microscopic analysis revealed the structure and the dynamic behavior of individual QDs─structurally uniform cubes made of 64 lead atoms, where eight malate molecules are located on the eight corners of the cubes, and oleylammonium cations lipophilize and stabilize the edges and faces. Lacking translational symmetry, the cube is to be viewed as a molecule rather than a nanocrystal. The QD exhibits quantitative photoluminescence and stable electroluminescence at ≈460 nm with a narrow half-maximum linewidth below 15 nm, reflecting minimum structural defects. This controlled synthesis and precise analysis demonstrate the potential of cinematic chemistry for the characterization of nanomaterials beyond the conventional limit.
T09 &#x2014; Spectrum engineering and waveform diversity (2014)

Provides an abstract of the presentation and a brief professional biography of the presenter. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings.
Porous Glass‐Ceramics with a Skeleton of the Fast‐Lithium‐Conducting Crystal Li 1+ x Ti 2− x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 (1992)

Porous glass‐ceramics with a skeleton of the fast‐lithium‐conducting crystal Li 1+ x Ti 2− x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 (where x = 0.3–0.5) were prepared by crystallization of glasses in the Li 2 O─CaO─TiO 2 ─Al 2 O 3 –P 2 O 5 system and subsequent acid leaching of the resulting dense glass‐ceramics composed of the interlocking of Li 1+ x Ti 2− x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 and β‐Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phases. The median pore diameter and surface area of the resulting porous Li 1+ x Ti 2− x Al x (PO 4 ) 3 glass‐ceramics were approximately 0.2 μm and 50 m 2 /g, respectively. The electrical conductivity of the porous glass‐ceramics after heating in LiNO 3 aqueous solution was 8 × 10 −5 S/cm at 300 K or 2 × 10 −2 S/cm at 600 K.
A new technique for in-situ measurements of bubble characteristics in bubble columns operated in the heterogeneous regime (2016)

In order to characterize bubbles in dense, heterogeneous bubbly flows such as those encountered in industrial bubble columns, a new measuring technique based on the spatial correlation of phase indicator functions is proposed. By analyzing its principle of operation, it is shown that the correlation coefficient decreases with the ratio of the distance between two optical probes to the bubble size. Hence for a known distance, the bubble size, and more precisely the Sauter mean horizontal diameter of bubbles is accessible. A dedicated sensor has been designed using conical mono-fiber optical probes. It has been compared to alternate measuring techniques in the complex bubbly flows produced in an I.D. 400 mm bubble column with gas superficial velocities from 3 to 35 cm/s. The performances of the correlation sensor happen to be quite satisfactory, with typical uncertainties about 15–20%, and even less (
WDM Optical Packet Interconnection using Multi-Gate SOA Switch Architecture for Peta-Flops Ultra-High-Performance Computing Systems (2006)

We propose a 100-Tbps-class throughput WDM optical packet interconnection for peta-flops ultra-high-performance computing systems using multi-gate SOA broadcast- and-elect switch architecture. The fundamental result of 6.4Tbps throughput (100Gbps x 64port) WDM optical packet interconnection is obtained.
Innate Immunity, Local Inflammation, and Degenerative Disease (2002)

The brain lesions associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD), which are referred to as neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques, are characterized by the presence of a broad spectrum of inflammatory mediators. Surprisingly, these mediators, which include complement proteins, inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins, and acute phase reactants such as C-reactive protein and amyloid P, are produced by resident brain cells, including neurons. Although secondary to the fundamental pathology caused by the presence of tangles and plaques, there is strong evidence that inflammation exacerbates the neuronal loss. In particular, AD lesions show evidence of self-attack by the complement system--a part of the immune system that normally functions to rid the body of invading pathogens. However, the lesions are devoid of significant T cell infiltration, a hallmark of an inflammatory immune response, and antibodies. We define this phenomenon as autotoxicity to distinguish it from classical autoimmunity, in which the body raises antibodies to normal endogenous macromolecules. Locally produced inflammatory mediators have also been identified in atherosclerotic plaques, along with evidence of complement self-attack. As was previously shown for heart attacks, epidemiological evidence indicates that extended use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) results in a reduced risk of AD. NSAIDs inhibit the production of prostaglandin inflammatory mediators, but powerful new therapeutic agents might be developed by targeting more critical inflammatory mechanisms, especially the complement system.
eXpose: A Character-Level Convolutional Neural Network with Embeddings\n For Detecting Malicious URLs, File Paths and Registry Keys (2017)

For years security machine learning research has promised to obviate the need\nfor signature based detection by automatically learning to detect indicators of\nattack. Unfortunately, this vision hasn't come to fruition: in fact, developing\nand maintaining today's security machine learning systems can require\nengineering resources that are comparable to that of signature-based detection\nsystems, due in part to the need to develop and continuously tune the\n"features" these machine learning systems look at as attacks evolve. Deep\nlearning, a subfield of machine learning, promises to change this by operating\non raw input signals and automating the process of feature design and\nextraction. In this paper we propose the eXpose neural network, which uses a\ndeep learning approach we have developed to take generic, raw short character\nstrings as input (a common case for security inputs, which include artifacts\nlike potentially malicious URLs, file paths, named pipes, named mutexes, and\nregistry keys), and learns to simultaneously extract features and classify\nusing character-level embeddings and convolutional neural network. In addition\nto completely automating the feature design and extraction process, eXpose\noutperforms manual feature extraction based baselines on all of the intrusion\ndetection problems we tested it on, yielding a 5%-10% detection rate gain at\n0.1% false positive rate compared to these baselines.\n
Evaluated Kinetic and Photochemical Data for Atmospheric Chemistry: Supplement VIII, Halogen Species Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry (2000)

This paper updates and extends part of the previous data base of critical evaluations of the kinetics and photochemistry of gas-phase chemical reactions of neutral species involved in atmospheric chemistry [J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 9, 295 (1980); 11, 327 (1982); 13, 1259 (1984); 18, 881 (1989); 21, 1125 (1992); 26, 521 (1997); 26, 1329 (1997); 28, 191 (1999)]. The present evaluation is limited to the inorganic halogen family of atmospherically important reactions. The work has been carried out by the authors under the auspices of the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Phase Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. Data sheets have been prepared for 102 thermal and photochemical reactions, containing summaries of the available experimental data with notes giving details of the experimental procedures. For each thermal reaction, a preferred value of the rate coefficient at 298 K is given together with a temperature dependence where possible. The selection of the preferred value is discussed and estimates of the accuracies of the rate coefficients and temperature coefficients have been made for each reaction. For each photochemical reaction the data sheets list the preferred values of the photoabsorption cross sections and the quantum yields of the photochemical reactions together with comments on how they were selected. The data sheets are intended to provide the basic physical chemical data needed as input for calculations that model atmospheric chemistry. A table summarizing the preferred rate data is provided, together with an appendix listing the available values of enthalpies of formation of the reactant and product species.
Vitamin D Levels Are Associated with Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Healthy Humans (2013)

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with suppression of resting cardiac autonomic activity, while low 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D levels are associated with unfavourable cardiac autonomic activity during an acute AngII stressor, offering a potential pathophysiological mechanism that may be acting to elevate CV risk in in populations with low vitamin D status.
Greater extent of blood‐tumor TCR repertoire overlap is associated with favorable clinical responses to PD‐1 blockade (2021)

With the widespread use of programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) blockade therapy, sensitive and specific predictive biomarkers that guide patient selection are urgently needed. T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, which reflects antitumor T-cell responses based on antigen specificity, is expected as a novel biomarker for PD-1 blockade therapy. In the present study, the TCR repertoire of eight patients with gastrointestinal cancer treated with anti-PD-1 antibody (nivolumab) was analyzed. To analyze the tumor-associated T-cell clones in the blood and their mobilization into the tumor, we focused on T-cell clones that presented in both blood and tumor (blood-tumor overlapping clones). Responders to PD-1 blockade tended to exhibit a higher number of overlapping clones in the tumor and a higher total frequency in the blood. Moreover, a higher total frequency of overlapping clones in blood CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells before treatment was associated with a favorable clinical response. Collectively, these results suggest the possibility of blood-tumor TCR repertoire overlap to predict clinical response to PD-1 blockade and guide patient selection before the treatment.
Gigabit IP Routing on Raw (2002)

Network processors afford a great degree of flexibility to current day routers, yet they still have followed the trend of being largely specialized to the domain of route table look-up. By using a processor architecture that is more general purpose, routers can gain from economies of scale and increased programmatic flexibility. We propose the use of the Raw Processor as both a network processor and switch fabric for multi-gigabit IP routing. While previous general purpose architectures have failed to give a useful programmatic interface to sufficient bandwidth to support multi-gigabit IP routing, the Raw Processor, through its tiled architecture and software exposed on-chip networking, has enough internal and external bandwidth to deal with high rate routing problems. We describe why the integration of processing elements and switch fabric leads to increased flexibility for one chip router solutions, and propose a rotating crossbar design that achieves efficient IP routing on the Raw static network.
Assessing the barriers to image‐guided drug delivery (2013)

Imaging has become a cornerstone for medical diagnosis and the guidance of patient management. A new field called image-guided drug delivery (IGDD) now combines the vast potential of the radiological sciences with the delivery of treatment and promises to fulfill the vision of personalized medicine. Whether imaging is used to deliver focused energy to drug-laden particles for enhanced, local drug release around tumors, or it is invoked in the context of nanoparticle-based agents to quantify distinctive biomarkers that could risk stratify patients for improved targeted drug delivery efficiency, the overarching goal of IGDD is to use imaging to maximize effective therapy in diseased tissues and to minimize systemic drug exposure in order to reduce toxicities. Over the last several years, innumerable reports and reviews covering the gamut of IGDD technologies have been published, but inadequate attention has been directed toward identifying and addressing the barriers limiting clinical translation. In this consensus opinion, the opportunities and challenges impacting the clinical realization of IGDD-based personalized medicine were discussed as a panel and recommendations were proffered to accelerate the field forward.
Using classification to generate text (1992)

The IDAS natural-language generation system uses a KL-ONE type classifier to perform content determination, surface realisation, and part of text planning. Generation-by-classification allows IDAS to use a single representation and reasoning component for both domain and linguistic knowledge, which is difficult for systems based on unification or systemic generation techniques.
Nanoscale dynamics of cholesterol in the cell membrane (2019)

Abstract Cholesterol constitutes approximately 30-40% of the mammalian plasma membrane — a larger fraction than any other single component. It is a major player in numerous signalling processes as well as molecular membrane architecture. However, our knowledge on dynamics of cholesterol in the plasma membrane is limited which restricts our understanding of the mechanisms regulating its involvement in cell signalling. Here, advanced fluorescence imaging and spectroscopy approaches were applied on in vitro (model membranes) and in vivo (live cells and embryos) membranes to systematically study the nanoscale dynamics of cholesterol in biological membranes. The results show that cholesterol diffuses faster than phospholipids in live membranes, but not in model membranes. The data indicate that diffusion of cholesterol and phospholipids is not correlated with membrane domain partitioning. Instead, our data show that the fast diffusion of cholesterol is due to its nanoscale interactions and localization in the membrane.
Analysis of three-phase rectifiers with constant-voltage loads (2003)

This work presents a quantitative analysis of the operating characteristics of three-phase diode bridge rectifiers with AC-side reactance and constant-voltage loads. We focus on the case where the AC-side currents vary continuously (continuous AC-side conduction mode). This operating mode is of particular importance in alternators and generators, for example. Simple approximate expressions are derived for the line and output current characteristics as well as the input power factor. Expressions describing the necessary operating conditions for continuous AC-side conduction are also developed. The derived analytical expressions are applied to practical examples and both simulations and experimental results are utilized to validate the analytical results. It is shown that the derived expressions are far more accurate than calculations based on traditional constant-current models.
On the Effect of Fluidized Bed Viscosity on the Solid Circulating Rate Across a Tube Bank. (1996)

In many applications of fluidization, it is important to quantitatively analyze solid circulation behavior in order to design fluidized bed reactors. In this study, pressure drop equations for a Newtonian fluid was applied to solid circulating flow across a tube bank, and a new method of measuring the apparent bed viscosity with a simple rotating bar was developed. The measurement of fluidized bed viscosity was done in a bed of silica sand(dp=0.582mm and 0.150mm) in the ambient condition.It was found that the obtained viscosity enables prediction of the circulation rate of solids in fluidized beds with a tube bank, such as the Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler.
Structural and magnetic properties of Zn-substituted cobalt ferrites prepared by co-precipitation method (2011)

Zn substituted cobalt ferrite spinels with the general formula Zn(x)Co(1-x)Fe(2)O(4) (with x varying from 0 to 0.5) were synthesized by a co-precipitation method and calcined at 500 °C and 800 °C. It was found that Zn substitution has a big effect in decreasing the Curie temperature (T(c)), from around 440 °C for the undoped sample to ~180 °C with x = 0.5. However, these values were also strongly affected by the pre-calcination temperature of the samples, thus T(C) shifts from ~275 °C for the x = 0.3 sample to ~296 °C after calcination at 500 °C and 800 °C respectively. These effects are due to facilitation of demagnetisation by substitution of the non-magnetic Zn ions and by production of very small nanoparticles. The latter are removed by higher temperature calcinations and so T(C) increases.
Synthesis and Photochemistry of Sulfonium Ion Polymers. Arylated and Alkylated Poly(p-phenylene sulfide) Derivatives (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleSynthesis and Photochemistry of Sulfonium Ion Polymers. Arylated and Alkylated Poly(p-phenylene sulfide) DerivativesBruce M. Novak, Edward Hagen, Susan Hoff, and Anand ViswanathanCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 7, 1985–1986Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00085a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00085a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts