gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve regeneration: grafts, conduits, and strategies (2008)

In the burgeoning hybrid discipline of neurourology, neuromodulatory therapy for erectile dysfunction has come to be recognized as a scientifically and clinically important subject area. Such therapy aims to restore and promote the neurologic health of the lower genitourinary tract, threatened by disease or injury including iatrogenic surgical trauma. Many urologists know of the pioneering modifications of radical prostatectomy described by Walsh approximately 25 years ago, which showcased the innovation of ‘nerve-sparing’.1 The advance established the importance of maintaining the structural integrity of autonomic, erection-mediating cavernous nerves coursing adjacent to the prostate when performing radical prostatectomy to maximize postsurgical erectile function outcomes. Importantly, the new approach to the procedure was shown not to compromise the oncologic objectives of the surgery. In current practices when the surgery is performed according to principles of anatomic dissection with the application of cavernous nerve preservation techniques, postoperative erectile function recovery rates have certainly improved compared with those of the prior surgical era in which complete erectile dysfunction was universally observed postoperatively.2,3The advance of anatomic radical prostatectomy with cavernous nerve preservation techniques is also credited with paving the way for more recently explored neuroprotective and nerve regenerative therapeutic strategies for erectile preservation. In concept, these strategies refer to both surgical and medical therapeutic innovations directly relevant for neurogenic erectile dysfunction. At the same time, such strategies may offer therapeutic benefit for various functions in the pelvic region which involve nerve-dependent actions. In the example of applying neuromodulatory strategies for pelvic surgery such as radical prostatectomy, other conditions that may be improved include urinary continence and even alleviation of postsurgical neuropathic pain.
Intracapsular Cranial Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in a Lapine Model Using an Autogenous Semitendinosus Graft: Technique Description (2019)

Introduction: While intracapsular repair of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) using a semitendinosus (ST) tendon autograft is widely performed in studies using a lapine model of the human knee, description of this technique is lacking.
Automatic compiler techniques for thread coarsening for multithreaded architectures (2000)

Multithreaded architectures are emerging as an important class of parallel machines. By allowing fast context switching between threads on the same processor, these systems hide communication and synchronization latencies and allow scalable parallelism for dynamic and irregular applications. Thread partitioning is the most important task in compiling high-level languages for multithreaded architectures. Non-preemptive multithreaded architectures, which can be built from off-the-shelf components, require that if a thread issues a potentially remote memory request, then any statement that is dependent upon this request must be in a separate thread.
User Experience in Added Value Location-Based Mobile Music Service (2010)

In this paper, the user experience in added value location-based mobile music service called the City Night Life (CNL) is evaluated and analyzed. The CNL service provides recommendations about entertainment premises in the proximity by matching their music styles with the user's personal music preferences. Entertainment premises are shown on a map interface and are marked with colors according to their match. The paper presents the components of the CNL service, the music profile, matching algorithm and the map-based user interface in a web browser. The user evaluation with 53 test users assessed the feasibility and business potential of the CNL service. Data was collected with both quantitative questionnaires and short interviews. The results indicate that the CNL service will be most useful in relatively large, unfamiliar cities. Furthermore, the matching algorithm was perceived to perform quite well.
DRYER PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT THROUGH GRAIN PREHEATING (1997)

Increasing the capacity of existing continuous-flow corn dryers, without affecting grain quality, is physicallyand economically feasible by preheating the corn before it enters the dryer. This premise was tested successfully at acommercial site in the midwestern U.S. Corn was preheated in a hopper-bottom wet-holding bin to 25-35C, resulting in adryer-capacity increase of up to 20%. The quality of the corn (i.e., the number of stress-cracks) was not affected by thepreheating process. The system results in a positive cash flow when the preheater/dryer system is operated a sufficientnumber of hours per year.
Waveform design for efficient radar signal recovery (2021)

Chapter Contents: 9.1 Signal model 9.1.1 Binary sequences 9.1.2 Polyphase sequences 9.2 Design methodology 9.3 Waveform design using CD optimization framework 9.3.1 Application 1: spectrum-sharing 9.3.2 Application 2: lp-norm minimization and designing waveforms with good auto-correlation properties 9.3.3 Application 3: waveform design with good correlation properties in hybrid phased mimo radar 9.4 Signal recovery and prototype development 9.4.1 Signal recovery 9.4.2 Prototype 9.5 Summary References
Private web search (2007)

Web search is currently a source of growing concern about personal privacy. It is an essential and central part of most users' activity online and therefore one through which a significant amount of personal information may be revealed.To help users protect their privacy, we have designed and implemented Private WebSearch (PWS), a usable client-side tool that minimizes the information that users reveal to a search engine. Our tool protects users against attacks that involve active components and timing information, to which more general Web-browsing privacy tools (including the combination of FoxTor and Privoxy) are vulnerable. PWS is a Firefox plugin that functions as an HTTP proxy and as a client for the Tor anonymity network. It configures Firefox so that search queries executed from the PWS search box are routed through the HTTP proxy and Tor client, filtering potentially sensitive or identifying components of the request and response.
A genomic analysis of two‐component signal transduction in Streptococcus pneumoniae (2000)

A genomics-based approach was used to identify the entire gene complement of putative two-component signal transduction systems (TCSTSs) in Streptococcus pneumoniae. A total of 14 open reading frames (ORFs) were identified as putative response regulators, 13 of which were adjacent to genes encoding probable histidine kinases. Both the histidine kinase and response regulator proteins were categorized into subfamilies on the basis of phylogeny. Through a systematic programme of mutagenesis, the importance of each novel TCSTS was determined with respect to viability and pathogenicity. One TCSTS was identified that was essential for the growth of S. pneumoniaeThis locus was highly homologous to the yycFG gene pair encoding the essential response regulator/histidine kinase proteins identified in Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus. Separate deletions of eight other loci led in each case to a dramatic attenuation of growth in a mouse respiratory tract infection model, suggesting that these signal transduction systems are important for the in vivo adaptation and pathogenesis of S. pneumoniae. The identification of conserved TCSTSs important for both pathogenicity and viability in a Gram-positive pathogen highlights the potential of two-component signal transduction as a multicomponent target for antibacterial drug discovery.
The Stimulatory Gαs Protein Is Involved in Olfactory Signal Transduction in Drosophila (2011)

Seven-transmembrane receptors typically mediate olfactory signal transduction by coupling to G-proteins. Although insect odorant receptors have seven transmembrane domains like G-protein coupled receptors, they have an inverted membrane topology, constituting a key difference between the olfactory systems of insects and other animals. While heteromeric insect ORs form ligand-activated non-selective cation channels in recombinant expression systems, the evidence for an involvement of cyclic nucleotides and G-proteins in odor reception is inconsistent. We addressed this question in vivo by analyzing the role of G-proteins in olfactory signaling using electrophysiological recordings. We found that Gα(s) plays a crucial role for odorant induced signal transduction in OR83b expressing olfactory sensory neurons, but not in neurons expressing CO₂ responsive proteins GR21a/GR63a. Moreover, signaling of Drosophila ORs involved Gα(s) also in a heterologous expression system. In agreement with these observations was the finding that elevated levels of cAMP result in increased firing rates, demonstrating the existence of a cAMP dependent excitatory signaling pathway in the sensory neurons. Together, we provide evidence that Gα(s) plays a role in the OR mediated signaling cascade in Drosophila.
Session 16 overview: Switching power control techniques: Analog subcommittee (2012)

Lists the sessions held at the conference proceedings.
3-Hydroxypyridine Chromophores Are Endogenous Sensitizers of Photooxidative Stress in Human Skin Cells (2004)

Photocarcinogenesis and photoaging are established consequences of chronic exposure of human skin to solar irradiation. Accumulating evidence supports a causative involvement of UVA irradiation in skin photo-damage. UVA photodamage has been attributed to photosensitization by endogenous skin chromophores leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species and organic free radicals as key mediators of cellular photooxidative stress. In this study, 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives contained in human skin have been identified as a novel class of potential endogenous photosensitizers. A structure-activity relationship study of skin cell photosensitization by endogenous pyridinium derivatives (pyridinoline, desmosine, pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate) and various synthetic hydroxypyridine isomers identified 3-hydroxypyridine and N-alkyl-3-hydroxypyridinium cation as minimum phototoxic chromophores sufficient to effect skin cell sensitization toward UVB and UVA, respectively. Photosensitization of cultured human skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (CF3) by endogenous and synthetic 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives led to a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation, cell cycle arrest in G2/M, and induction of apoptosis, all of which were reversible by thiol antioxidant intervention. Enhancement of UVA-induced intracellular peroxide formation and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent stress signaling suggest a photooxidative mechanism of skin cell photosensitization by 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives. 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives were potent photosensitizers of macromolecular damage, effecting protein (RNase A) photocross-linking and peptide (melittin) photooxidation with incorporation of molecular oxygen. Based on these results, we conclude that 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives comprising a wide range of skin biomolecules, such as enzymatic collagen cross-links, B6 vitamers, and probably advanced glycation end products in chronologically aged skin constitute a novel class of UVA photosensitizers, capable of skin photooxidative damage.
High-power diode-pumped solid state lasers (1993)

Although operational for over twenty years, diode pumped solid state lasers have, for most of their existence, been limited to individual diodes pumping a tiny volume of active medium in an end pumped configuration. More recent years have witnessed the appearance of diode bars, packing around 100 diodes in a 1 cm bar which have enabled end and side pumped small solid state lasers at the few watt level of output. This paper describes the subsequent development of how proper cooling and stacking of bars enables the fabrication of multi kW average power diode pump arrays with irradiances of 1 kW/cm peak and 250 W/cm<SUP>2</SUP> average pump power. Since typical conversion efficiencies from the diode light to the pumped laser output light are of order 30% or more, kW average power diode pumped solid state lasers now are possible.
Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity and electronic structure of amorphous Fe100−xZrxfilms and multilayers (2012)

The electrical resistivity of amorphous Fe(100-x)Zr(x) metal alloy films and multilayers has been investigated in a wide temperature and composition range. The overall behavior of the resistivity is consistent with bulk measurements, exhibiting prominent semiconductor-like changes at low temperatures. The transition from positive (metallic) to negative temperature coefficient of resistivity behavior is accompanied by minute changes in magnetoresistance and we can therefore rule out magnetic phase changes as being the cause for the observed changes in the resistivity. Using x-ray absorption and emission spectroscopies we are able to probe the unoccupied and occupied electronic densities of states. The corresponding spectra are found to significantly overlap, as expected for a metallic-like electronic structure and the absence of a band gap. Besides a broadening of the x-ray emission lines expected from an amorphous material, remarkably small differences are observed in the electronic structures when changing the amount of Zr. The resistivity data were modeled and agreement with the Mott variable range hopping model was found, indicating localized electronic states due the disordered structure of the Fe(100-x)Zr(x) alloys.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 2‐Nitroenamines and 2‐Nitroalkenyl Sulfides with Ethyl Isocyanoacetate: A Novel Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxypyrazoles. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ab initio self-consistent field calculations of lithium atom insertion into a carbon-hydrogen bond of methane (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAb initio self-consistent field calculations of lithium atom insertion into a carbon-hydrogen bond of methaneJohn G. McCaffrey, Raymond A. Poirier, Geoffrey A. Ozin, and Imre G. CsizmadiaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1984, 88, 13, 2898–2902Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j150657a046https://doi.org/10.1021/j150657a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The epithelial-mesenchymal transcription factor SNAI1 represses transcription of the tumor suppressor miRNA let-7 in cancer (2020)

Abstract We aimed to determine the mechanism of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-induced stemness in cancer cells. Cancer relapse and metastasis are caused by rare stem-like cells within tumors. Studies of stem cell reprogramming have linked let-7 repression and acquisition of stemness with the EMT factor, SNAI1 . The mechanisms for the loss of let-7 in cancer cells are incompletely understood. In four carcinoma cell lines from breast cancer, pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer and in ovarian cancer patient-derived cells, we analyzed stem cell phenotype and tumor growth via mRNA, miRNA, and protein expression, spheroid formation, and growth in patient-derived xenografts. We show that treatment with EMT-promoting growth factors or SNAI1 overexpression increased stemness and reduced let-7 expression, while SNAI1 knockdown reduced stemness and restored let-7 expression. Rescue experiments demonstrate that the pro-stemness effects of SNAI1 are mediated via let-7. In vivo , nanoparticle-delivered siRNA successfully knocked down SNAI1 in orthotopic patient-derived xenografts, accompanied by reduced stemness and increased let-7 expression, and reduced tumor burden. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that SNAI1 binds the promoters of various let-7 family members, and luciferase assays revealed that SNAI1 represses let-7 transcription. In conclusion, the SNAI1/let-7 axis is an important component of stemness pathways in cancer cells, and this study provides a rationale for future work examining this axis as a potential target for cancer stem cell-specific therapies. Novelty and Impact This study provides new insight into molecular mechanisms by which EMT transcription factor SNAI1 exerts its pro-stemness effects in cancer cells, demonstrating its potential as a stem cell-directed target for therapy. In vitro and in vivo , mesoporous silica nanoparticle-mediated SNAI1 knockdown resulted in restoration of let-7 miRNA, inhibiting stemness and reducing tumor burden. Our studies validate in vivo nanoparticle-delivered RNAi targeting the SNAI1/let-7 axis as a clinically relevant approach.
High-Resolution Angioscopic Imaging During Endovascular Neurosurgery (2014)

Endovascular imaging with an SFE provides important information on factors that cannot be assessed fluoroscopically and is a novel platform on which future neurointerventional techniques may be based because it allows for periprocedural inspection of the integrity of the vascular system and the deployed devices. In addition, it may be of diagnostic use for inspecting the vascular wall and postprocedure device evaluation.
Quantitative anatomical comparison of the ipsilateral and contralateral interhemispheric transcallosal approaches to the lateral ventricle (2017)

OBJECTIVE The best approach to deep-seated lateral and third ventricle lesions is a function of lesion characteristics, location, and relationship to the ventricles. The authors sought to examine and compare angles of attack and surgical freedom of anterior ipsilateral and contralateral interhemispheric transcallosal approaches to the frontal horn of the lateral ventricle using human cadaveric head dissections. Illustrative clinical experiences with a contralateral interhemispheric transcallosal approach and an anterior interhemispheric transcallosal transchoroidal approach are also related. METHODS Five formalin-fixed human cadaveric heads (10 sides) were examined microsurgically. CT and MRI scans obtained before dissection were uploaded and fused into the navigation system. The authors performed contralateral and ipsilateral transcallosal approaches to the lateral ventricle. Using the navigation system, they measured areas of exposure, surgical freedom, angles of attack, and angle of view to the surgical surface. Two clinical cases are described. RESULTS The exposed areas of the ipsilateral (mean [± SD] 313.8 ± 85.0 mm<sup>2</sup>) and contralateral (344 ± 87.73 mm<sup>2</sup>) interhemispheric approaches were not significantly different (p = 0.12). Surgical freedom and vertical angles of attack were significantly larger for the contralateral approach to the most midsuperior reachable point (p = 0.02 and p = 0.01, respectively) and to the posterosuperior (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04) and central (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02) regions of the lateral wall of the lateral ventricle. Surgical freedom and vertical angles of attack to central and anterior points on the floor of the lateral ventricle did not differ significantly with approach. The angle to the surface of the caudate head region was less steep for the contralateral (135.6° ± 15.6°) than for the ipsilateral (152.0° ± 13.6°) approach (p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The anterior contralateral interhemispheric transcallosal approach provided a more expansive exposure to the lower two-thirds of the lateral ventricle and striothalamocapsular region. In normal-sized ventricles, the foramen of Monro and the choroidal fissure were better visualized through the lateral ventricle ipsilateral to the craniotomy than through the contralateral approach.
Using Layered-Division-Multiplexing to Deliver Multi-Layer Mobile Services in ATSC 3.0 (2018)

Layered-division-multiplexing (LDM) is a physical-layer non-orthogonal multiplexing technology, which has been accepted as a baseline technology by the next generation terrestrial digital TV (DTV) broadcasting standard, advanced television systems committee (ATSC) 3.0. The typical scenario for an LDM-based ATSC 3.0 system is to deliver a robust high-definition TV (HDTV) service in the higher-power core-layer (CL) for mobile reception and a 4k ultra high definition TV or multiple enhanced full HDTV (1080p) services in the lower-power enhanced layer (EL) for fixed reception. So far, the capability of using the EL of an LDM system to deliver mobile services has not been investigated and well-understood. In this paper, we investigate the potential of using both layers of an LDM-based ATSC 3.0 system to delivery multiple mobile services that target different types of mobile devices. The mobile performance of the LDM system is then compared to its time-division-multiplexing and frequency-division-multiplexing counterparts, which will reveal the application scenarios for which using LDM would provide performance advantages. In addition, the availability of high-throughput fixed services carried in the LDM-EL to mobile receivers is also investigated by computer simulations. An advanced detection algorithm is proposed based on the LDM-CL inter-carrier-interference cancellation, which is shown to provide significantly better mobile performance. Finally, we show by simulation that using receive antenna diversity combining techniques can significantly improve the service detection performance of LDM mobile receivers, especially for services carried in the LDM EL.
Close Category Generalization. (2020)

Out-of-distribution generalization is a core challenge in machine learning. We introduce and propose a solution to a new type of out-of-distribution evaluation, which we call close category generalization. This task specifies how a classifier should extrapolate to unseen classes by considering a bi-criteria objective: (i) on in-distribution examples, output the correct label, and (ii) on out-of-distribution examples, output the label of the nearest neighbor in the training set. In addition to formalizing this problem, we present a new training algorithm to improve the close category generalization of neural networks. We compare to many baselines, including robust algorithms and out-of-distribution detection methods, and we show that our method has better or comparable close category generalization. Then, we investigate a related representation learning task, and we find that performing well on close category generalization correlates with learning a good representation of an unseen class and with finding a good initialization for few-shot learning. Code available at this https URL