gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IFP Energies Nouvelles Approach for Dual Fuel Diesel-Gasoline Engines (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Compared to Spark Ignition (SI) engines, Compression Ignition (CI) engines are more efficient because of the higher compression ratios and leaner operation. However, thanks to stoichiometric air fuel ratio, SI engines allow efficient pollutants after treatment, particularly for NOx emissions. In this context, IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) has developed the concept of diesel-gasoline combustion in order to combine the advantages of both fuels and both combustion processes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Focusing on a passenger car application, experiments have been performed using a modified DI turbocharged small diesel engine (the combustion chamber has been redesigned and port fuel injectors have been added). In-Cylinder Fuel Blending (ICFB) using port-fuel-injection of gasoline and optimized direct injection of diesel was used to control combustion phasing and duration. This modified engine can still run on diesel alone. ICFB mode is considered, either with a lean mixture, or at stoichiometric air-fuel ratio to perform NOx aftertreatment via a 3-way catalyst. The objective is to control the NOx emissions over the whole operating range of the engine, while maintaining attractive fuel efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, IFP Energies nouvelles describes the main results of diesel-gasoline combustion, in order to understand what would be the best approach in terms of technological feasibility, fuel efficiency and pollutant emissions. The potential of the dual fuel concept has been investigated on several part load operating conditions, focused on a 2000 rpm engine speed. The operable range of load in ICFB combustion is extended from 7 to 16.5 bar IMEP. BSFC at part load is as low as that of a diesel engine. At higher load, NOx emissions are very low (≺0.5 g/kWh at 10 bar IMEP) and allow lean mixture operation until 14 bar IMEP. Outside of this ICFB operating range, the performance in full diesel mode remains totally acceptable.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The SuperCam Remote Sensing Instrument Suite for Mars 2020 (2016)

The Mars 2020 rover, essentially a structural twin of MSL, is being built to a) characterize the geology and history of a new landing site on Mars, b) find and characterize ancient habitable environments, c) cache samples for eventual return to Earth, and d) demonstrate in-situ production of oxygen needed for human exploration. Remote-sensing instrumentation is needed to support the first three of these goals [1]. The SuperCam instrument meets these needs with a range of instrumentation including the highest-resolution remote imaging on the rover, two different techniques for determining mineralogy , and one technique to provide elemental compositions. All of these techniques are co-boresighted, providing rapid comprehensive characterization. In addition, for targets within 7 meters of the rover the laser shock waves brush away the dust, providing cleaner surfaces for analysis. SuperCam will use an advanced version of the AEGIS robotic target selection software.
Theileria secretes proteins to subvert its host leukocyte (2020)

Theileria parasites are classified in the phylum Apicomplexa that includes several genera of medical and veterinary importance such as Plasmodium, Babesia, Toxoplasma and Cryptosporidium. These protozoans have evolved subtle ways to reshape their intracellular niche for their own benefit and Theileria is no exception. This tick transmitted microorganism is unique among all eukaryotes in that its intracellular schizont stage is able to transform its mammalian host leukocytes into an immortalised highly disseminating cell that phenocopies tumour cells. Here, we describe what is known about secreted Theileria-encoded host cell manipulators.
Supplementary Table S1 from Immunotherapy with a HER2-Targeting <i>Listeria</i> Induces HER2-Specific Immunity and Demonstrates Potential Therapeutic Effects in a Phase I Trial in Canine Osteosarcoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Signalment and primary tumor characteristics of enrolled dogs that received ADXS31-164.&lt;/p&gt;
Feasibility of using 3D MR elastography to determine pancreatic stiffness in healthy volunteers (2014)

The 3D pancreatic MRE can provide promising and reproducible stiffness measurements throughout the pancreas, with more consistent data acquired at 40 Hz.
Structure‐Based Design of a Highly Constrained Nucleic Acid Analogue: Improved Duplex Stabilization by Restricting Sugar Pucker and Torsion Angle γ (2012)

Doppelt eingeschränkt: Eine neue, konformativ stark eingeschränkte α-L-LNA-Modifikation (α-L-LNA=α-L-locked nucleic acid) wurde synthetisiert, in welcher der Zucker-Furanosering in einer N-Typ-Konfiguration fixiert und die Rotation um den Torsionswinkel γ eingeschränkt ist (siehe Schema). Diese neue Modifikation erhöht die Thermostabilität eines Oligonucleotidduplex gegenüber dem Einsatz nur einer Einschränkung.
Sources and Transformations of Anthropogenic Nitrogen along an Urban River-Estuarine Continuum (2016)

Abstract. Urbanization has altered the fate and transport of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) in rivers and estuaries globally. This study evaluates the capacity of an urbanizing river-estuarine continuum to transform N inputs from the world's largest advanced (e.g. phosphorus and biological N removal) wastewater treatment facility. Effluent samples and surface water were collected monthly along the Potomac River Estuary from Washington D.C. to the Chesapeake Bay over 150 km. In conjunction with box model mass balances, nitrate stable isotopes and mixing models were used to trace the fate of urban wastewater nitrate. Nitrate concentrations and δ15N-NO3− values were higher down-estuary from the Blue Plains wastewater outfall in Washington D.C. (2.25 &amp;amp;pm; 0.62 mg l−1 and 25.7 &amp;amp;pm; 2.9 ‰, respectively) compared to upper-estuary concentrations (1.0 &amp;amp;pm; 0.2 mg l−1 and 9.3 &amp;amp;pm; 1.4 ‰, respectively). Nitrate concentration then decreased rapidly within 30 km down-estuary (to 0.8 &amp;amp;pm; 0.2 mg l−1) corresponding with an increase in organic nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon, suggesting biotic uptake and organic transformation. TN loads declined down-estuary (from an annual average of 48,000 &amp;amp;pm; 5,000 kg day−1 at the sewage treatment plant outfall to 23,000 &amp;amp;pm; 13,000 kg day−1 at the estuary mouth), with the greatest percentage decrease during summer and fall. 4–71 % of urban wastewater TN inputs were exported to the Chesapeake Bay, with the greatest contribution of wastewater TN loads during the spring. Our results suggest that biological transformations along the urban river-estuary continuum can significantly transform wastewater N inputs from major cities globally, but more work is necessary to evaluate the potential of organic nitrogen to contribute to eutrophication and hypoxia.
Effect of gastrin‐releasing peptide on the pancreatic tumor cell line (capan) (1993)

Gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) has previously been shown to be an autocrine growth factor for small cell lung cancer, and our objective in the study presented here was to determine whether GRP has a similar role in pancreatic cancer. Using 125I-GRP, we demonstrated binding to specific, saturable, high-affinity sites (Kd = 1 nM; Bmax = 245 fmol/mg protein) in membrane preparations from the pancreatic tumor cell line Capan. The receptors were found to be biologically active. In whole cells, a GRP analogue bound to these receptors and stimulated rapid transfer of tritium from the tritiated lipid inositol pool to inositol triphosphates. Exogenous GRP addition stimulated incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA 20-60%. This stimulatory effect was blocked by the addition of a monoclonal antibody that complexed specifically with the receptor-binding portion of the peptide. In addition, the monoclonal antibody inhibited the growth of Capan cells in an in vitro growth assay without exogenous peptide. Bombesin receptor-specific antagonists also inhibited growth in a similar fashion. These data suggest that paracrine production of GRP may be important in pancreatic tumor growth, or that low-levels of a GRP-like peptide may play an autocrine role in this tumor.
Positively selected modifications in the pore of TbAQP2 allow pentamidine to enter Trypanosoma brucei (2020)

Abstract Mutations in the Trypanosoma brucei aquaporin AQP2 are associated with resistance to pentamidine and melarsoprol. We show that TbAQP2 but not TbAQP3 was positively selected for increased pore size from a common ancestor aquaporin. We demonstrate that TbAQP2’s unique architecture permits pentamidine permeation through its central pore and show how specific mutations in highly conserved motifs affect drug permeation. Introduction of key TbAQP2 amino acids into TbAQP3 renders the latter permeable to pentamidine. Molecular dynamics demonstrates that permeation by dicationic pentamidine is energetically favourable in TbAQP2, driven by the membrane potential, although aquaporins are normally strictly impermeable for ionic species. We also identify the structural determinants that make pentamidine a permeant but exclude most other diamidine drugs. Our results have wide-ranging implications for optimising antitrypanosomal drugs and averting cross-resistance. Moreover, these new insights in aquaporin permeation may allow the pharmacological exploitation of other members of this ubiquitous gene family.
Late Gadolinium Enhancement of the right ventricular myocardium: Is it really different from the left ? (2008)

It has been suggested that, in late gadolinium enhancement, the signal of right ventricular myocardium is nulled at a shorter inversion time than the left. While we initially made the same observation, we believe that the difference is not real, but results from artifacts. We present 7 cases as well as computer simulations to describe the nature of these artifacts and explain how they can create the impression of different inversion times for the right and left ventricle. At inversion times that are shorter than ideal for the myocardium a black rim can be seen at the border of the myocardium with blood on the inside and with fat on the outside. This is most likely a partial volume effect. The thin myocardium of the right ventricle is sandwiched between these black rims and, at a low spatial resolution, is no longer visible. In this case, the adjacent black rims may then be misinterpreted as myocardium. While black rims also occur on the left side, the myocardium is thicker and remains discernable as a separate layer. As a consequence, the optimal inversion time for the right ventricle only appears different from that for the left. In fact, in the presence of hypertrophy of the right ventricle or during systolic wall thickening we did not find a difference in inversion times between the left and right ventricle. We conclude that sufficient spatial resolution is important for adequate late gadolinium enhancement of the right ventricle.
New Frequency-Time Scheduling Algorithms for 3GPP/LTE-like OFDMA Air Interface in the Downlink (2008)

International audience
Numerical analysis of 1.54 μm double-fused vertical-cavity lasers operating continuous-wave up to 33 °C (1996)

The first vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser diodes operating continuous-wave at room temperature at 1.54 μm emission wavelength are analyzed using a comprehensive numerical simulation procedure. These lasers employ strain-compensated InGaAsP multi-quantum wells sandwiched between GaAs/AlGaAs mirrors that are double-fused on the InP spacer layers at both sides. The model includes finite element electro-thermal simulation, transfer-matrix optical analysis, and k⋅p band structure calculations. Internal laser parameters are obtained by fitting experimental data at different heat sink temperatures. Intervalence band absorption is found to be the dominating loss mechanism that restricts cw operation.
The Type 7b Secretion System of S. aureus and Its Role in Colonization and Systemic Infection (2023)

Staphylococcus aureus bears a type 7b secretion system (T7bSS) that assembles in the bacterial envelope to promote the secretion of WXG-like proteins and toxic effectors bearing LXG domains. Cognate immunity proteins bind cytosolic effectors to mute their toxicity prior to secretion. T7b-secreted factors have been associated with the pathogenesis of staphylococcal disease and intraspecies competition. We identified earlier strain WU1, an S. aureus ST88 isolate that caused outbreaks of skin and soft tissue infections in mouse breeding facilities. WU1 was also found to persistently colonize the nasopharynx of animals, suggesting a strong host adaptation. In this manner, WU1 colonization and infectivity in mice resembles that of methicillin-sensitive and -resistant S. aureus strains in humans, where nasal carriage is a major risk factor for invasive infections. Here, animals were colonized with wild-type or T7-deficient WU1 strains or combinations thereof. Absence of the T7bSS did not affect colonization in the nasopharynx of animals, and although fluctuations were observed in weekly samplings, the wild-type strain did not replace the T7-deficient strain in cocolonization experiments. Bloodstream infection with a T7b-deficient strain resulted in enhanced survival and reduced bacterial loads and abscesses in soft tissues compared to infection with wild-type WU1. Together, experiments using a mouse-adapted strain suggest that the T7bSS of S. aureus is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of invasive disease.
A minimal integral nonlinearity criterion to optimize the design of a new tanh/sinh-type bipolar transconductor (2002)

We report on the use of a simple design optimization criterion for obtaining maximum static transfer function linearity. It is based on an analytic function that corresponds to the integral nonlinearity of the circuit. The criterion may be useful, either as an analytic tool to gain insight into the circuit's behavior, or as an efficient computational alternative to calculating total harmonic distortion (THD). It is utilized here to optimize the design parameters of a recently proposed bipolar transconductor capable of high linearity, which is composed of two parallel-connected nonlinear blocks: a hyperbolic tangent-type transconductor and hyperbolic sine-type transconductor. Examination of this tanh/sinh-type transconductor concept, using the analytic version of the present criterion, indicates that this new circuit configuration is theoretically capable of achieving values of THD lower than possible with conventional bipolar hyperbolic tangent-type transconductors. A particular design example is presented to demonstrate, through simulations, the performance of the new transconductor, and in order to ascertain the ability of the proposed design optimization criterion for obtaining maximum static transfer function linearity. In this particular example, THD values of less than 0.3% are obtained with a 100-/spl mu/S transconductance up to a maximum input voltage swing of 50-mV peak.
Cyclic AMP prolongs graft survival by suppressing apoptosis and inflammatory gene expression in acute cardiac allograft rejection (2010)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of cAMP on immune regulation and apoptosis during acute rat cardiac allograft rejection. We found that the production of immune markers such as inflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha), iNOS expression, and nitric oxide (NO) production, was significantly increased in the blood and transplanted hearts of allograft recipients, but not of isograft controls. These increases were effectively suppressed by the administration of the membrane permeable cAMP analog dibutyryl cAMP (db-cAMP). Administration of db-cAMP reduced allograft-induced elevation of several biochemical markers, such as adhesion molecule expression, iron-nitrosyl complex formation, caspase-3 activation, and apoptotic DNA fragmentation in an animal model. Furthermore, treatment of allograft recipients with db-cAMP prolonged median graft survival to 11 days compared with a median graft survival time of 8 days in saline-treated allograft recipients. These results suggest that db-cAMP exerts a beneficial effect on murine cardiac allograft survival by modulating allogeneic immune response and cytotoxicity.
Sub-shot-noise frequency-modulation spectroscopy by use of amplitude-squeezed light from semiconductor lasers (2000)

We have demonstrated sub-shot-noise FM spectroscopy on thermal cesium atoms, using amplitude-squeezed light from a semiconductor laser. The light source used in our experiment was a custom-made GaAs transverse junction stripe semiconductor laser featuring broadband amplitude squeezing and a large FM bandwidth. We have also developed a new technique by which a semiconductor laser can be frequency modulated with infinitesimally small residual AM and with complete preservation of the squeezed-amplitude fluctuations.
Autologous Stem Cell Mobilization with Pegfilgrastim and Planned Plerixafor Is Equally Effective and Safer As Compared with Cyclophosphamide, Pegfilgrastim and Plerixafor (2014)

Autologous stem cell mobilization can be achieved using chemo-mobilization (CHM) or growth factors alone (cytokine-mobilization, CTM). Mobilization with pegfilgrastim and “just-in-time” plerixafor has been shown to be a successful strategy. Experience with pegfilgrastim and planned plerixafor is limited. We here describe our experience using two mobilization strategies with pegfilgrastim plus plerixafor (CTM) or cyclophosphamide, pegfilgrastim plus plerixafor (CHM). We retrospectively identified patients who received an auto-SCT for a diagnosis of myeloma at TJU between July 2010 and June 2013. These 53 patients who had stem cell mobilization using either CHM (16 patients) with cyclophosphamide (4 grams/m2), pegfilgrastim (12 mg) and plerixafor (0.24 mg/kg once daily until target dose collected or maximum of 4 days of apheresis), or CTM with pegfilgrastim plus plerixafor (37 patients). Plerixafor was only administered as an outpatient. We hypothesized that more patients in the CHM group reached the prescribed total CD34-positive stem cell collection as compared to the CTM group. To test this hypothesis we used the two-sample test on proportions. For the comparison of the median total CD34 cells/kg dose collection and the median number of apheresis days we used the Wilcoxon rank sum test and the t-test, respectively. There was no difference in patient age at transplant, sex, and myeloma subtype. The median number of prior induction therapies was similar; there was no significant difference in the prior exposure to lenalidomide, however as expected, bone marrow plasmacytosis was higher in the CHM group (6% vs. 2%). In the CHM group, 41% were hospitalized due to complication (typically neutropenic fevers) and thus only 9 patients (59%) received the planned dose of plerixafor as compared to 100% in the CTM group. There were no hospitalizations in the CTM group due to toxicity. CHM was associated with a significantly higher median total CD34+ cell collection (14.9 x 106/kg vs. 8.37 x 106/kg, p=0.009) (Table 2). CTM is associated with fewer collection days (median 1 day vs. 2 days, p=.29) and more patients achieving the target CD34+ cell dose of 6.0 x 106/kg (91.9% vs. 81.3%, p=.26). The preferred method to mobilize autologous stem cells should be with pegfilgrastim and planned plerixafor since it is able to achieve the prescribed cell dose, is associated with less toxicity and risk of hospitalization. This analysis suggests that per 100 patients collected a total of 100 days of plasmaphresis could be avoided if all patients were mobilized with growth factors alone.Tabled 1Table 1.0 Collection of autologous stem cellsChemo-mobilizationCytokine mobilizationp-valueMedian CD34 cells/kg collected (in millions/kg)14.98.37.009Median number of apheresis days (mean)2(2.13)1(1.76).29Target dose achieved:YesNo13 (81.3%)3 (18.8%)34 (91.9%)3 (10%).26 Open table in a new tab
A Demultiplexer for Terahertz Wireless Links (2017)

A leaky-wave antenna based terahertz (THz) demutiplexer is presented in this paper. It can realize demultiplexing of real-time THz data streams at different carrier frequencies under identical or different data rates.
Abstract 134: Low Dose Particle Radiation Affects Long-Term Survival of Bone Marrow Progenitor Cell Populations (2014)

Radiation-induced decreases in the number of bone marrow (BM)-derived endothelial progenitor cell (BM-EPCs) and their lineage precursors which include Early- and Late-Multi-Potent Progenitor cells (E-MPP and L-MPP) could contribute to the pathogenesis of ischemic and vascular diseases. We examined the effect of full-body single dose of proton (1H) at 0.5 Gy, 1 GeV and 0.15 Gy, 1 GeV/nucleon of iron (56Fe) - ionizing radiation (IR) on survival and proliferation of BM-EPCs. The survival of E-MPPs and L-MPPs in the BM after particle IR in C57BL/6 mice were determined at 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 28 and 40 weeks post-IR. BM-derived mononuclear cells were triple-stained with RAM34 (CD34, c-kit, and Sca1), AC133, and hematopoietic lineage negative cocktail, then sorted by FASC for E- and L-MPP. BM EPCs ex-vivo - There was a transient 2.5-3.5-fold increase in BM-EPC apoptosis, with 3.5-fold increases for 56Fe and 1H at 5hrs and 24hrs, respectively that was no longer detected by day 7. Subsequently, there was a 3-fold increase in BM-EPC apoptosis on day 28 for both ion-IR mice. Compared to 24 hrs, there was a ~20% (1H) and ~45% (56Fe) increase in the rate of EPC proliferation on day 14 that returned to control levels on day 28. BM E-MPP and L-MPP in vivo - Compared to control mice, 1H-IR increased the number of both E-MPPs (665%) and L-MPPs (203%), whereas 56Fe-IR decreased E-MPP (74%) and L-MPPs (65%) at 1 week post-IR, suggesting stimulation by 1H but overt damage by 56Fe in the BM milieu. In 56Fe-IR mice, E-MPPs recovered between 4 and 12 weeks, followed by declines at later time points. In 1H-IR mice, E-MPPs were near control levels up to 4 weeks, but declined at later time points. The long-lasting and cyclical effects of IR on the BM E- and L-MPPs after a single 1H or 56Fe IR dose suggests the presence of prolonged and non-targeted effects in BM milieu, that occur in cells that were not traversed by IR, rather induced by signals from IR cells. Our studies showed that, both 1H- and 56Fe-IR has profound and long-lasting (28-40 months) negative effects on the number of E- and L-MPPs. Future longitudinal studies are necessary to determine whether BM progenitor cells may be affected after terrestrial IR exposure, such as cancer radiotherapy, CT and PET scans, and in astronauts after exploration-type space missions.