gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Emotion Primitives From Speech And Their Use In Discerning Categorical Emotions (2020)

Emotion plays an essential role in human-to-human communication, enabling us to convey feelings such as happiness, frustration, and sincerity. While modern speech technologies rely heavily on speech recognition and natural language understanding for speech content understanding, the investigation of vocal expression is increasingly gaining attention. Key considerations for building robust emotion models include characterizing and improving the extent to which a model, given its training data distribution, is able to generalize to unseen data conditions. This work investigated a long-shot-term memory (LSTM) network and a time convolution - LSTM (TC-LSTM) to detect primitive emotion attributes such as valence, arousal, and dominance, from speech. It was observed that training with multiple datasets and using robust features improved the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) for valence, by 30\% with respect to the baseline system. Additionally, this work investigated how emotion primitives can be used to detect categorical emotions such as happiness, disgust, contempt, anger, and surprise from neutral speech, and results indicated that arousal, followed by dominance was a better detector of such emotions.
Computational Aesthetics as a Negotiated Boundary (2010)

Artists use computers in many ways; technologists produce computerised tools of various kinds. The boundary where art meets technology is in creative tension between the needs and the understanding of the two camps. We report on the key questions raised at a meeting between philosophers, psychologists, artists, and technologists to negotiate this boundary.
Robust motion estimation using trajectory spectrum learning: Application to aortic and mitral valve modeling from 4D TEE (2009)

In this paper we propose a robust and efficient approach to localizing and estimating the motion of non-rigid and articulated objects using marginal trajectory spectrum learning. Detecting the motion directly in the Euclidean space is often found difficult to guarantee a smooth and accurate result and might be affected by drifting. These issues, however, can be addressed effectively by formulating the motion estimation problem as spectrum detection in the trajectory space. The full trajectory space can be decomposed into orthogonal subspaces defined by generic bases, such as the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT). The obtained representation is shown to be compact, facilitating efficient learning and optimization in its marginal spaces. In the training stage, local features are extended in the temporal domain to integrate the time coherence constraint and selected via boosting to form strong classifiers. An incremental optimization is performed in sparse marginal spaces learned from the training data. To maximize efficiency and robustness we constrain the search based on clusters of hypotheses defined in each subspace. Experiments demonstrate the performance of the proposed method on articulated motion estimation of aortic and mitral valves from ultrasound data. Our method is evaluated on 65 4D TEE sequences (1516 volumes) with the accuracy in the range of the inter-user variability of expert users. It provides in less than 60 seconds with an precision of 1.36 ± 0.32mm a personalized 4D model of aortic and mitral valves crucial for the clinical workflow.
A minimalistic management approach for the compromised elderly patient (2015)

The development of the knowledge in oral systemic sciences, the change of health care, and the increase of the cohort of elderly people will have an important impact on the daily dental practice. Despite the fact that the dentist applies the rules he was taught he is very disappointed with the results. Unfortunately there are dogmas which dragged down the prosthetic procedure for senior patients to a pitfall. The important issues are impressions, inter-maxillary relationship coordination between implants and the prosthetic restoration and overall the relation between quality of the dental care and the patient satisfaction. The elderly are frail patients, any intervention might lead to a psychological or medical collapse. During the treatment it is essential to maintain the balance and provide in this way a good quality of life. Therefore a new bio-ethic approach should be introduced in the basic and continuing education programs.
A Pipeline for Expression, Functionalization, and Characterization of Human Lectins Involved in Innate Immunity (2020)

In humans, a collection of diverse proteins known as lectins are responsible for binding to glycan epitopes. Recognition of extracellular glycan epitopes represents a key facet of the innate immune response in eukaryotes. These epitopes can be used to distinguish cell types, self‐from non‐self, and perhaps even pathogenic from commensal bacteria. Understanding human lectin specificity can uncover mechanisms underlying innate immunity. Additionally, lectins represent attractive reagents for the development of glycan‐reading probes. Here, we demonstrate our efforts to develop and deploy a pipeline for recombinant expression, functionalization, and characterization of a subset of human lectins, including C‐type lectins, ficolins, jacalin‐type lectins, galectins, and intelectins. Target lectins can be efficiently expressed and purified, functionalized with either biotin or a fluorophore via sortase‐mediated ligation under flow, and screened for glycan binding. The success of this pipeline has been validated in preliminary studies showing that the recombinant lectins can engage with glycans from mammalian glycan arrays, bacterial glycan arrays, purified mucins, or human biological samples. These experiments highlight the potential of lectins as valuable molecular probes that fill a gap in the current molecular toolkit for glycan analysis. Support or Funding Information NIH U01 CA231079‐01
Supplementary Table 1 from Semaphorin 3B Inhibits the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway through Neuropilin-1 in Lung and Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Semaphorin 3B Inhibits the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway through Neuropilin-1 in Lung and Breast Cancer Cells
Growth of CsCe<inf>2</inf>Cl<inf>7</inf> and Cs<inf>3</inf>CeCl<inf>6</inf> utilizing the Bridgman method (2013)

We present progress on the growth of single crystals of Cs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> CeCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> and CsCe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sub> , two materials recently discovered to have good scintillation properties with light yields of 21,000 and 26,000 ph/MeV respectively. While still early in their development for potential use as X-ray and gamma-ray detectors, their growth as single crystals has been studied little, and in this work, we present growth of these materials using the vertical Bridgman method which has produced improved crystal size and quality over previous efforts from investigators in recent years.
Engineered Bacteria Enhance Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy through Stromal Remodeling of Tumors (2021)

Desmoplastic solid tumors are characterized by the rapid build-up of extracellular matrix (ECM) macromolecules, such as hyaluronic acid (HA). The resulting physiological barrier prevents the infiltration of immune cells and also impedes the delivery of anticancer agents. The development of a hypervesiculating Escherichia coli Nissle (ΔECHy) based tumor targeting bacterial system capable of distributing a fusion peptide, cytolysin A (ClyA)-hyaluronidase (Hy) via outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) is reported. The capability of targeting hypoxic tumors, manufacturing recombinant proteins in situ and the added advantage of an on-site OMV based distribution system makes the engineered bacterial vector a unique candidate for peptide delivery. The HA degrading potential of Hy for stromal modulation is combined with the cytolytic activity of ClyA followed by testing it within syngeneic cancer models. ΔECHy is combined with immune checkpoint antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) to demonstrate that remodeling the tumor stroma results in the improvement of immunotherapy outcomes and enhancing the efficacy of biological signaling inhibitors. The biocompatibility of ΔECHy is also investigated to show that the engineered bacteria are effectively cleared, elicit minimal inflammatory and immune responses, and therefore could be a reliable candidate as a live biotherapeutic.
Transfer of electronic oscillator frequency stability to laser frequency: an all solid-state approach to laser frequency control (2002)

A laser with both narrow linewidth and stable frequency is demonstrated using a diode-pumped ring laser locked to an ultra-high finesse tunable optical resonator which, in turn, is locked to an electronic oscillator. A 1064 nm beam is reported with linewidth on the order of 1 Hz with center frequency stability given by the electronic reference. In this case it is less than 1 part in 10/sup 9/ per day. The entire system is compact and solid-state making it ideal for spaceflight.
Experimental evidence ofTcenhancement without the influence of spin fluctuations: NMR study onLaFeAsO1−xHxunder a pressure of 3.0 GPa (2016)

The electron-doped high-transition-temperature $({T}_{c})$ iron-based pnictide superconductor ${\mathrm{LaFeAsO}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{H}}_{x}$ has a unique phase diagram: Superconducting double domes are sandwiched by antiferromagnetic phases at ambient pressure and they turn into a single dome with a maximum ${T}_{c}$ that exceeds 45 K at a pressure of 3.0 GPa. We studied whether spin fluctuations are involved in increasing ${T}_{c}$ under a pressure of 3.0 GPa by using the $^{75}\mathrm{As}$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technique. The $^{75}\mathrm{As}$-NMR results for the powder samples show that ${T}_{c}$ increases up to 48 K without the influence of spin fluctuations. This fact indicates that spin fluctuations are not involved in raising ${T}_{c}$, which implies that other factors, such as orbital degrees of freedom, may be important for achieving a high ${T}_{c}$ of almost 50 K.
Dynamics of snakes and ladders (2007)

D. J. Field, A. Hayes, and R. F. Hess (1993) introduced two types of stimulus to study the perceptual integration of contours. Both types of stimulus consist of a smooth path of spatially separate elements, embedded in a field of randomly oriented elements. In one type of stimulus ("snakes"), the elements form tangents to the path of the contour; in the other type ("ladders"), the elements are orthogonal to the path. Little is currently known about the relative integration speeds of these two types of contour. We investigated this issue by temporally modulating the orientations of the contour elements. Our results suggest that snakes and ladders are integrated at similar speeds.
Understanding PHMI for Safety of Life Applications in GNSS (2007)

Future satellite navigation systems (like Galileo) intend to provide safety-of-life services, or at least a form of integrity information. Integrity is characterized by the Probability of Hazardously Misleading Information, which is the probability that a user might exceed a certain error level (either fixed are variable). This definition, however, is incomplete, as it does not specify what is assumed to be known when computing this probability. The goal of this work is to offer an interpretation of the PHMI, point out some of the difficulties encountered in the proof of safety, and finally suggest possible future changes in the system design to mitigate these difficulties.
The evolution of electroluminescence in Ge quantum-dot diodes with the fold number (2004)

The electroluminescence of the light-emitting diodes with five-, ten and 30-fold p-type Ge quantum dots grown on n+ Si substrates is studied. The enhanced integral electroluminescence intensity and blueshift of the 30-fold one at high temperature (&amp;gt;200K) act contrary to those in five- and ten-fold ones. It is attributed to the emission in the higher-fold quantum dots enabled by the injected electrons diffusing the farther at the higher temperature. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the size of the Ge quantum dots and the Si component in them, both increase with increasing the fold number. Due to the strain-induced intermixing at the high-fold quantum dots, those dots hence have large band gap and result in the intensity increment and blueshift at the high temperature.
Efficient Backside Power Delivery for High-Performance Computing Systems (2022)

In this work, we present a thin-profile, efficient power delivery approach, including a voltage regulator with in-package power inductor and backside power delivery network (PDN). To meet 1- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {W}/{\mathrm {mm}}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power-density target for high-performance computing (HPC) systems, a 25-high- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Q$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -factor (300 MHz), 150- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -thick, in-molding power inductor is provided for high-efficiency point-of-load (PoL) voltage regulation. Meanwhile, a novel analytical model for backside power delivery is developed for computer-aided-design (CAD) procedure to optimize the system efficiency. For the power flowing from bumps (57- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m} V_{\mathrm {DD}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -bump pitch) and backside PDN to active devices, the area resistances contributed by backside PDN and the buried power rail (BPR) are 23% and 77%, respectively, if a 10- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -horizontal-pitch nano- through-silicon via ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> TSV) is available. The resulting impact on power dissipation is within 1% so negligible. A higher ratio (0.5) buck converter with maintained efficiency is combined to better benefit the external interconnect. The overall power delivery efficiency <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta \,\,=83$ </tex-math></inline-formula> % can be obtained for 1- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathrm {W}/{\mathrm {mm}}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> power-density target. The power losses contributed by an air-core inductor, power switches, and PDN/BPR/redistribution layer (RDL) are 26%, 66%, and 8%, respectively.
Electrooxidation of Alcohols with Electrode-Supported Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts (2015)

A titanium electrode, modified with Ru(OH)x/TiO2, was prepared and observed to mediate both chemical transfer hydrogenation and electrochemical alcohol oxidation. Electro-oxidation of 2-propanol (1.3 M) at room temperature and pH 7.2 exhibits an onset of electrocatalytic current at 1000 mV vs RHE for the two-electron oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone. XPS characterization, cyclic voltammetry, and electrolysis experiments confirm that electrochemically active ruthenium species catalyzed the electro-oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone. These modified electrode surfaces maintain >60% original activity upon reuse, despite low loadings of ruthenium. The applied potentials are consistent with an electrocatalytic mechanism mediated by surface-immobilized Ru–oxo species (1380 mV vs RHE). These results indicate that heterogeneous transfer hydrogenation catalysts can function as alcohol electro-oxidation catalysts.
Automated Bootstrapping of A Fault-Resilient In-Band Control Plane (2020)

Adoption of Software-defined Networking (SDN) in critical environments, such as factory automation, avionics and smart-grid networks, will require in-band control. In such networks, the out-of-band control model, prevalent in data center deployments, is inapplicable due to high wiring costs and installation efforts. Existing designs for seamlessly enabling in-band control plane cater only for single-controller operation, assume proprietary switch modifications, and/or require a high number of manual configuration steps, making them non-resilient to failures and hard to deploy.
Intracellular acidification and ADP enhance nicorandil induction of ATP sensitive potassium channel current in cardiomyocytes (1994)

Nicorandil may activate KATP channel current more effectively in conditions associated with a change in intracellular proton and ADP concentrations such as cardiac ischaemia.
ChemInform Abstract: (S)‐(‐)‐5‐Ethynyl‐3‐(1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinyl)pyridine Maleate (SIB‐ 1508Y): A Novel Anti‐Parkinsonian Agent with Selectivity for Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Functionality of Androgen Receptor–Based Gene Expression Imaging in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer (2005)

The activity of TSTA system is AR dependent and it recapitulates the functional status of endogenous AR. These data support the conclusion that AR function is activated in HRPC despite castrated levels of androgen. Together with the fact that majority of recurrent prostate cancers express AR and PSA, we foresee that the TSTA approach can be a promising gene therapy strategy for the advanced stages of prostate cancer.
Characterization of domain-inverted structures in quasi-phase-matched devices by the SHG microscope (1996)

Summary form only given. Although the domain structure is a key component in the devices, destructive etching has been a main technique for observing domains. We have recently constructed a second-harmonic-generation microscope (SHGM) and applied it to the nondestructive domain characterization. We report here new application to a Z cut QPM device with different crystal orientation and evaluation of the periodicity using Fourier transformation of SH pictures.
Microendoscopic holography with flexible fiber bundle: experimental approach (1994)

An `in situ' holographic technique, based on the use of a flexible miniaturized endoscope (diameter less than 1 mm) has been developed for medical applications. The holographic process provides quantitative information on the 3-D geometry of the observed scene, including deformations and movements. The holographic system presented here is based on the use of a multimode fiber bundle (MMB) as a recording medium for the endoscopic holograms. The hologram is obtained by the interference between the light reflected by the object and a reference beam travelling back along the axis of the MMB. The interferogram, sampled on the MMB tip, is then treated electronically. The image is reconstructed numerically.
“Seeing” electroencephalogram through the skull: imaging prefrontal cortex with fast optical signal (2010)

Near-infrared spectroscopy is a novel imaging technique potentially sensitive to both brain hemodynamics (slow signal) and neuronal activity (fast optical signal, FOS). The big challenge of measuring FOS noninvasively lies in the presumably low signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, detectability of the FOS has been controversially discussed. We present reliable detection of FOS from 11 individuals concurrently with electroencephalogram (EEG) during a Go-NoGo task. Probes were placed bilaterally over prefrontal cortex. Independent component analysis (ICA) was used for artifact removal. Correlation coefficient in the best correlated FOS-EEG ICA pairs was highly significant (p < 10(-8)), and event-related optical signal (EROS) was found in all subjects. Several EROS components were similar to the event-related potential (ERP) components. The most robust "optical N200" at t = 225 ms coincided with the N200 ERP; both signals showed significant difference between targets and nontargets, and their timing correlated with subject's reaction time. Correlation between FOS and EEG even in single trials provides further evidence that at least some FOS components "reflect" electrical brain processes directly. The data provide evidence for the early involvement of prefrontal cortex in rapid object recognition. EROS is highly localized and can provide cost-effective imaging tools for cortical mapping of cognitive processes.
Insights into the Enhanced Cycle and Rate Performances of the F‐Substituted P2‐Type Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2020)

Abstract A series of F‐substituted Na 2/3 Ni 1/3 Mn 2/3 O 2− x F x ( x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) cathode materials have been synthesized and characterized by solid‐state 19 F and 23 Na NMR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and neutron diffraction. The underlying charge compensation mechanism is systematically unraveled by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) techniques, revealing partial reduction from Mn 4+ to Mn 3+ upon F‐substitution. It is revealed that not only Ni but also Mn participates in the redox reaction process, which is confirmed for the first time by EELS techniques, contributing to an increase in discharge specific capacity. The detailed structural transformations are also revealed by operando X‐ray diffraction experiments during the intercalation and deintercalation process of Na + , demonstrating that the biphasic reaction is obviously suppressed in the low voltage region via F‐substitution. Hence, the optimized sample with 0.05 mol f.u. −1 fluorine substitution delivers an ultrahigh specific capacity of 61 mAh g −1 at 10 C after 2000 cycles at 30 °C, an extraordinary cycling stability with a capacity retention of 75.6% after 2000 cycles at 10 C and 55 °C, an outstanding full battery performance with 89.5% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 1 C. This research provides a crucial understanding of the influence of F‐substitution on the crystal structure of the P2‐type materials and opens a new avenue for sodium‐ion batteries.
Surface Micro- and Nano-Structuring of Optically Transparent Materials by Laser-induced Backside Wet Etching (2005)

Surface structuring of optically transparent materials toward nanometer-scale resolution for the fabrication of optics and micro-chemical devices has been performed by UV and Vacuum UV laser Ablation. Recently, we have investigated a one-step method to fabricate a microstructure on the transparent materials such as silica glass, sapphire, and fluoride crystals by using a conventional UV laser under the atmospheric pressure. Laser-Induced Backside Wet Etching (LIBWE) fabricates microstructures with well-defined micro-patterns on the surfaces. Our idea of LIBWE is based on an indirect excitation onto the surface of materials by using ablation of organic solutions such as dye solution or toluene. Upon UV laser irradiation of the solution, shock wave and vapor bubble were formed and propagated. These transient phenomena are possible for the surface microstructuring of the materials.