gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the early response to rat forepaw stimulation (1999)

The role of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) in the early response of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal following sensory stimulation was assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of rCBV and BOLD signal as a function of time (t) were compared with relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) obtained by laser doppler flowmetry during a repeated epoch of rat forepaw stimulation in which 6 sec of electrical stimulation followed 54 sec of rest. rCBF(t) exceeded rCBV(t) in somatosensory cortex at all time points and reached a maximal increase (60%) during a 6 sec stimulation that was much higher than maximal rCBV (10%). An initial dip was not observed in BOLD signal, which showed a delay with respect to rCBF that was roughly consistent with the cerebral blood transit time. Magn Reson Med 41:247–252, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Numerical Simulation of Cavitation in Ultrasound Field (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Yoshiaki Tamura, Nobuo Tsurumi, Yoichiro Matsumoto; Numerical Simulation of Cavitation in Ultrasound Field. AIP Conf. Proc. 12 September 2011; 1359 (1): 431–436. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3607945 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Comparison of five color models in skin pixel classification (2003)

Detection of skin in video is an important component of systems for detecting, recognizing, and tracking faces and hands. Different skin detection methods have used different color spaces. This paper presents a comparative evaluation of pixel classification performance of two skin detection methods in five color spaces. The skin detection methods used in this paper are color-histogram based approaches that are intended to work with a wide variety of individuals, lighting conditions, and skin tones. One is the widely-used lookup table method, the other makes use of Bayesian decision theory. Two types of enhancements, based on spatial and texture analyses, are also evaluated.
Identification and ultrastructural characterization of a novel virus from fish (2001)

During routine investigations on fish, a virus (isolate DF 24/00) with novel morphological features and hitherto undescribed morphogenesis was isolated from a white bream (Blicca bjoerkna L.; Teleostei, order Cypriniformes). Cell-free virions consist of a rod-shaped nucleocapsid (120-150x19-22 nm) similar to that seen in baculoviruses. The virion has a bacilliform shape (170-200x75-88 nm) reminiscent of rhabdoviruses with an envelope containing coronavirus-like spikes (20-25 nm). DF 24/00 replicated well in various fish cell lines. Inhibitor studies with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine indicated that the viral genome consists of RNA and chloroform sensitivity correlated with ultrastructural demonstration of enveloped virions. The buoyant density of the virus determined in sucrose was 1.17-1.19 g/ml. Preliminary biochemical characterization revealed the presence of six antigenic glycoproteins, three of which contain sugars with concanavalin-A specificity. Ultrastructurally, morphogenesis of virus progeny was detected only in the cytoplasm. Nucleocapsids were observed to bud through membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi apparatus into dilated vesicles. Egress of mature virions occurs primarily by exocytosis and, only very rarely, by budding directly at the plasma membrane. Morphologically similar viruses had previously been isolated from grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), blue crab (Callinectis sapidus), European shore crab (Carcinus maenas) and shrimp (Penaeus monodon). To date, none of them has been classified. In summary, the first characterization of a new virus that might represent a member of a novel virus family that has morphological features resembling those found in rhabdo-, corona- and baculoviruses is presented.
Latex enzyme immunoassay for measuring IgG antibodies to rubella virus. (1990)

A latex enzyme immunoassay (LEIA) for detecting IgG class antibody to rubella virus was compared with the latex agglutination test (LA) and a haemagglutination inhibition assay (HI). Of 243 sera tested, four discrepant results were observed among all three techniques, corresponding to borderline values. Except for one sample containing specific IgM class antibody, the difference between quantitative results from each pair of tests was always within a value corresponding to two doubling dilutions and was considered to have acceptable variation. The LEIA technique allowed 10 seroconversions to be detected, as determined by the other techniques. The LEIA required a single 1 in 8 sample dilution, took 30 minutes, and provided a useful alternative assay for the quantitation of rubella antibodies.
Differential Genome Replication of a Unique Single-Amino-Acid Mutation in the Adenovirus-4 Component of the Live Oral Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine (2023)

The FDA-approved Adenovirus Type 4 and Type 7 Vaccine, Live, Oral is highly effective and essential in preventing acute respiratory diseases (ARDs) in U.S. military recruits. Our study revealed the presence of a previously undetected mutation, not found in the wild-type human adenovirus type 4 (HAdV-4) component of the licensed vaccine, which contains an amino acid substitution (P388T) in the pre-terminal protein (pTP). This study demonstrated that replication of the T388 HAdV-4 vaccine mutant virus is favored over the wild type in WI-38 cells, the cell type utilized in vaccine manufacturing. However, results from serial human stool specimens of vaccine recipients support differential genome replication in the gastrointestinal tract (GI), demonstrated by the steady decline of the percentage of mutant T388 vaccine virus. Since vaccine efficacy depends upon GI replication and the subsequent immune response, the mutation can potentially impact vaccine efficacy.
Flow reconstruction for data-driven traffic animation (2013)

'Virtualized traffic' reconstructs and displays continuous traffic flows from discrete spatio-temporal traffic sensor data or procedurally generated control input to enhance a sense of immersion in a dynamic virtual environment. In this paper, we introduce a fast technique to reconstruct traffic flows from in-road sensor measurements or procedurally generated data for interactive 3D visual applications. Our algorithm estimates the full state of the traffic flow from sparse sensor measurements (or procedural input) using a statistical inference method and a continuum traffic model. This estimated state then drives an agent-based traffic simulator to produce a 3D animation of vehicle traffic that statistically matches the original traffic conditions. Unlike existing traffic simulation and animation techniques, our method produces a full 3D rendering of individual vehicles as part of continuous traffic flows given discrete spatio-temporal sensor measurements. Instead of using a color map to indicate traffic conditions, users could visualize and fly over the reconstructed traffic in real time over a large digital cityscape.
Visualization of α5 subunit of GABAA/benzodiazepine receptor by [11C]Ro15‐4513 using positron emission tomography (2002)

Although [(11)C]Ro15-4513 and [(11)C]flumazenil both bind to the central benzodiazepine (BZ) receptors, the distributions of the two ligands are not identical in vivo. Moreover, the in vivo pharmacological properties of [(11)C]Ro15-4513 have not been thoroughly examined. In the present study, we examined the pharmacological profile of [(11)C]Ro15-4513 binding in the monkey brain using positron emission tomography (PET). [(11)C]Ro15-4513 showed relatively high accumulation in the anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, and insular cortex, with the lowest uptake being observed in the pons. Accumulation in the cerebral cortex was significantly diminished by the BZ antagonist flumazenil (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.), but not that in the pons. Using the pons as a reference region, the specific binding of [(11)C]Ro15-4513 in most of the cerebral cortex including the limbic regions clearly revealed two different affinity sites. On the other hand, specific binding in the occipital cortex and cerebellum showed only a low affinity site. Zolpidem with affinity for alpha1, alpha2, and alpha3 subunits of GABA(A)/BZ receptor fully inhibited [(11)C]Ro15-4513 binding in the occipital cortex and cerebellum, while only about 23% of the binding was blocked in the anterior cingulate cortex. Diazepam with affinity for alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha5 subunits inhibited the binding in all brain regions. Since Ro15-4513 has relatively high affinity for the alpha5 subunit in vitro, these in vivo bindings of [(11)C]Ro15-4513 can be interpreted as the relatively high accumulation in the fronto-temporal limbic regions representing binding to the GABA(A)/BZ receptor alpha5 subunit.
High-Yield Syntheses of Sterically Demanding Bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) Complexes of Palladium, (1999)

The synthesis of bis(N-heterocyclic carbene) chelates of formula (E = spacer linkage; R = alkyl, aryl; X = halide) is presented via improved high-yielding, air-stable procedures (for E = CH2). A detailed study of the intermediates involved in the preparation of (X = Br, I) provide evidence for the difficulty in extending our synthetic procedures to include chelates of different ring sizes and also in preparing the analogous nickel complexes.
Process control via gaze detection technology (1999)

Gaze detection technology (GDT) is considered to be of potential benefit to automate certain materials processing research tasks and enable more remote control of manufacturing processes. Gaze detection is defined as the ability to assess a human user's direction of view and/or a position focus on a computer monitor screen via computer vision techniques. The research reported evaluates the suitability of gaze detection technology in the remote control of a computer via a monitor screen and a gaze detection system. A GDT system is discussed which is capable of determining if a user is focusing on a particular spot of interest on the monitor. If not, the GDT system will attract the use's attention to that spot (again, coupling gaze control to a program for generating an audible or visual signal) and direct the user's attention to the spot of interest. An example use of this capability might be to gaze control the temporal display of a particular parameter which contains current parameter values only, or highlight particular variables associated with a detected fault or unusual process condition.
Differences among white adipose tissue depots in mice (2010)

Excess white adipose tissue (WAT) is widely associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). In fact, intra‐abdominal fat is better correlated with insulin resistance than subcutaneous fat. However, the physiological impact of adipose depot location is not well understood. Our goal was to investigate cellular and molecular differences between WAT depots. Cell sizes and proteomic profiles from subcutaneous (inguinal) and intra‐abdominal (mesenteric, epididymal and retroperitoneal) fat pads from C57BL6/J mice were analyzed. Proteomes resolved by two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry showed significant differences in proteins involved in glycolysis, energy production, lipid transport, stress resistance, cytoskeleton structure, and others. Some of these proteins showed significant correlations to plasma insulin, leptin and/or adiponectin levels. Mean adipocyte cross‐sectional area was measured by digital image analysis of paraffin embedded tissue and was highest in epididymal and lowest in inguinal and mesenteric fat. Together, these results show marked differences among WAT depots, even within intra‐abdominal fat. This and further studies will help clarify the depot‐specific characteristics and their influence on insulin resistance in an effort to establish new diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets for T2D and CVD. Supported in part by the State of Ohio's Eminent Scholar Program that includes a gift from Milton and Lawrence Goll, by NIH Grants DK075436‐01, AG019899‐06, 1P01AG031736‐01A1, by the Diabetes Research Initiative and the BioMolecular Innovation and Technology Partnership at Ohio University, and by AMVETS.
A novel mutant γc chain from a patient with typical phenotype of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) has partial signalling function for mediating IL-2 and IL-4 receptor action (1999)

Mutations of the common gamma (gammac) chain result in X-linked SCID (X-SCID), which is characterized by the reduction in number or absence of peripheral blood T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, with retention of normal numbers of B cells. In the present study we describe a novel mutant gammac chain of an X-SCID patient with a typical X-SCID phenotype. This mutant receptor subunit is able to associate with Jak3 to transduce a weak signal. The Jak3-specific action is demonstrated by the induction of gene expression through the haematopoietin receptor response element (HRRE) by IL-2 and IL-4 in the experimental model of transiently transfected hepatoma cells over-expressing Jak3. This result suggests that a threshold in the gammac-Jak3 interaction determines the X-SCID phenotype.
Polyhalogenoheterocyclic compounds. Part 53.1 Sonogashira reactions of 2,4,6-tribromo-3,5-difluoropyridine (2006)

Palladium catalysed Sonogashira reactions between 2,4,6-tribromo-3,5-difluoropyridine and a variety of phenylacetylene derivatives gave a series of 4-bromo-2,6-bis(2-phenylethynyl)-3,5difluoropyridine derivatives arising from displacement of bromine atoms attached to positions ortho to ring nitrogen.
Quasi-living Carbocationic Polymerization of Alkyl Vinyl Ethers and Block Copolymer Synthesis (1982)

Quasiliving carbocationic polymerizations of isobutyl vinyl ether (IBVE) and methyl vinyl ether (MVE) were achieved with the bifunctional p-dicumyl chloride (p-DCC)/AgSbF6 initiating system in CH2Cl2 solvent at -70 or -90°C. The quasiliving polymerizations were effected by slow and continuous monomer addition to a premixed initiator solution (quasiliving technique). The number-average molecular weight (Mn) of polymers increased linearly with the cumulative weight of added monomer (W), and linear Mn versus W plots passing through the origin have been obtained. The polymers exhibited narrow molecular weight distributions with Mw/Mn = 1.4 - 1.7. Polar solvents (CH2Cl2) and lower temperatures (-70 or -90°C) were optimum for these quasiliving polymerizations. Blocking MVE and α-methylstyrene (αMeSt) from quasiliving polymer (IBVE) dications led to novel triblock copolymers: poly(MVE-b-IBVE-b-MVE) and poly(αMeSt-b-IBVE-b-αMeSt), respectively.
Photothermal detection of the contrast properties of polypyrrole nanoparticles using optical coherence tomography (2013)

We report on a photothermal modulation detection scheme developed using a swept source-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) system centred at 1300nm. Photothermal detection is an improved technique for studying the contrast properties of exogenous contrast agents such as highly absorbing polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles used for OCT imaging. The swept source based OCT system has a wavelength sweep rate of 10 kHz which is used for the phase modulation detection of various concentrations of PPy nanoparticles. PPy nanoparticles have been recently reported to be a promising candidate for OCT imaging owing to their strong NIR absorption from 700–1300nm. Phase-sensitive detection of the photothermal modulation signal is achieved using a pumped 975 nm laser beam at 80Hz and 160Hz for varying concentrations of PPy nanoparticles dispersed in 2% Intralipid phantom. A phase-sensitive detection system is realised by carrying out the phase calibration using the back reflections obtained from the coverslip used with the sample. This study provides quantitative support for the use of PPy nanoparticles as a potential biocompatible contrast agent in OCT imaging.
Marijuana and sexual activity (1974)

Abstract This research was intended to discern any correlations between marijuana and human sexual activity. I was specifically interested in exploring the concept that the drug might produce different effects on males and females in regard to their sexual activity. Finally, I was concerned with the dosage of the drug which would produce the most pronounced effect on the majority of the users in regard to their sexual activity.
Bending insensitivity of fiber Bragg gratings in suspended-core optical fibers (2011)

This Letter presents simulation and experimental results that explore bending insensitivity of fiber Bragg gratings in suspended-core optical fibers. The implementation of thin silica bridge in the fibers enhances index contrast of the fiber core and reduces bending-induced strain transfer to the fiber core. This fiber design lead to a reduction of over 7 times in strain-induced fiber Bragg grating resonant peak shifts in the suspended-core fiber compared with that in standard telecommunication fiber, and an 0.14 dB bending loss at a bending radius of 6.35 mm.
Enzymatic Biosensors towards a Multiplexed Electronic Detection System for Early Cancer Diagnostics (2007)

Enzymatic biosensors are expected to play a key-role in bio techno logical and biochemical analysis as shown by the success of glucose sensors in diabetes treatment. The aim of this work is to develop a multiplexed electronic detection system for early cancer diagnostics. Therefore, various enzymes were adsorbed to differently modified surfaces. Electrochemical optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy (EC-OWLS) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (EC-QCM-D) were used to measure the mass and the activity of the adsorbed enzymes. The enzymes were specifically immobilized on a protein resistant PLL-g-PEG surface in order to reduce the loss of activity due to denaturation. In addition, enzymes were also incorporated into DNA-tagged vesicles to increase the signal and therefore the sensor sensitivity. The enzymatic activity of the different systems was compared. To further increase the sensitivity, ferrocyanide was used as an electron mediator.
Universal approach for local higher-order wavefront tracing equations for complex optical systems (2021)

Analytical wave tracing, including higher-order aberrations, is the state of the art, but at present it is only provided for single propagation or refraction. A complex optical system being a sequence of many refractive surfaces and gaps in between can only be treated by successive application of elementary wave-tracing steps, which is time-consuming for a large number of surfaces or even impossible if a system specification by surfaces is not available. Provided the ray transfer properties of a system are summarized as a nonlinear function f whose Jacobian is the ABCD matrix of the system, by multiple derivative we obtain wave-tracing equations for the wavefront's local derivatives of any desired order. The outgoing wavefront derivative of any order can be written as a sum of multinomials of derivatives of the incoming wavefront, weighted by system-dependent coefficients and by powers of the factor <i>β</i>=(<i>A</i>-<i>B</i><i>E</i><sub>2</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>, where <i>E</i><sub>2</sub> is the second-order aberration of the incoming wavefront. Compared to stepwise wave tracing, this approach is extremely efficient when tracing many different wavefronts through one fixed optical system.
Beamed Energy Propulsion for Low-Cost Launch to Earth Orbit: Paths for Progress (2020)

Compared with conventional rockets, beamed energy propulsion (BEP) offers significantly lower launch costs, a greater cumulative lifting capacity, shorter times between reserving and launching a payload, and relaxed criteria for designing space payloads. Potential new markets and advances in technology create an opportunity to develop the first generation of commercial BEP systems by decade’s end.
Modeling and identification of PEM fuel cell system by fractional impedance model (2014)

International audience
Achieving the Great Lakes Initiative Mercury Limits in Oil Refinery Effluent (2012)

To meet the stringent Great Lakes Initiative (GLI) wastewater discharge mercury (Hg) limit of 1.3 ppt (ng/L), mercury removal technologies need to be identified and investigated. The goals of this study were to (1) identify and assess available wastewater treatment technologies for mercury removal from an oil refinery wastewater; and (2) conduct bench-scale tests to provide comparable, transparent, and uniform results to assess their performance at low mercury concentrations. The study found that many tested technologies were able to achieve the GLI mercury target concentration at the bench-scale, albeit with different efficiencies and engineering implications. These results demonstrate that at this scale there is no fundamental physical or chemical barrier to achieving < 1.3 ng Hg/L in the tested wastewater. The study also found that some technologies were effective on particulate mercury whereas others were effective on dissolved mercury. One emerging treatment technology was found to be effective on both particulate and dissolved mercury. Three mercury-removal technologies--ultrafiltration (particulate mercury), adsorption (dissolved mercury), and an emerging reactive filtration technology (particulate and dissolved mercury)--are recommended for further study. This research offers treatment alternatives for different forms of mercury in an oil refinery wastewater, which might be applicable to other types of mercury-containing wastewater.
FRET Imaging in Three-dimensional Hydrogels (2016)

Imaging of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a powerful tool for examining cell biology in real-time. Studies utilizing FRET commonly employ two-dimensional (2D) culture, which does not mimic the three-dimensional (3D) cellular microenvironment. A method to perform quenched emission FRET imaging using conventional widefield epifluorescence microscopy of cells within a 3D hydrogel environment is presented. Here an analysis method for ratiometric FRET probes that yields linear ratios over the probe activation range is described. Measurement of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels is demonstrated in chondrocytes under forskolin stimulation using a probe for EPAC1 activation (ICUE1) and the ability to detect differences in cAMP signaling dependent on hydrogel material type, herein a photocrosslinking hydrogel (PC-gel, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate) and a thermoresponsive hydrogel (TR-gel). Compared with 2D FRET methods, this method requires little additional work. Laboratories already utilizing FRET imaging in 2D can easily adopt this method to perform cellular studies in a 3D microenvironment. It can further be applied to high throughput drug screening in engineered 3D microtissues. Additionally, it is compatible with other forms of FRET imaging, such as anisotropy measurement and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM), and with advanced microscopy platforms using confocal, pulsed, or modulated illumination.