gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein changes associated with ionizing radiation-induced apoptosis in human prostate epithelial tumor cells (1999)

Ionizing radiation (IR) is an important component in the therapy of localized prostate cancer. Identification of protein alterations during IR-induced apoptosis prostate cancer cells is an important step toward understanding the new metabolic status of the dying cell. In the present study, we report changes in protein profile that define the execution phase of the apoptotic response in the in vitro model of tumorigenic radiation-transformed SV40-immortalized human prostate epithelial cells (267B1-XR), induced to undergo programmed cell death by IR. We employed an approach that involves use of analytical two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2-D PAGE) coupled with Western blotting with specific antisera. Our results point out that apoptotic cells experience significant reduction in the levels of the intermediate filament proteins, keratins-18, 19, vimentin and the associated 14-3-3 adapter proteins. At the same time, molecular chaperones such as glucose-regulated protein 94, calreticulin, calnexin, and protein disulfide isomerase exhibit marked accumulation in these dying cells. The present data indicate that apoptosis-associated processes in prostate epithelial cells include solubilization of the rigid intermediate filament network by specific proteolysis as well as increased levels of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins with chaperone functions.
Generator upgrade potential using new tools and high voltage technology (2004)

Electric energy conversion is an important issue in today's society as our daily lives largely depend on the supplies of energy. Two energy sources are studied for conversion in the present thesis, ocean waves and hydropower. The work focuses on the generator and the transmission of its output to the electric grid.Different approaches have been used, over the years, to convert the energy in ocean waves, and the method presently used is based on a point absorber (buoy) directly coupled to a linear generator on the seabed. A varying alternating voltage is induced with such configuration, where both the amplitude and the frequency changes continuously. The target is to connect several units in a farm, and thereby decrease the fluctuations in power production. This is shown to be possible to accomplish with a rectifier connected to each generator. Transmission systems can be designed with converters and transformers to connect the farm to the electric grid onshore. Several aspects of the concept are considered as well as interconnection issues. Analytical calculations verified by finite element simulations and measured data are used to model the behaviour of a linear generator. A series expanded expression for the ideal no-load flux and EMF (electromotive force) is derived, which can be developed into an analytical transmission design tool.Hydropower has been used for more than a century. Today many of the stations from the mid 1900's are up for refurbishment. Studies with finite element calculations show that a higher electric efficiency can be obtained with a high voltage cable wound generator.
Ranking Under Uncertainty. (2012)

Ranking objects is a simple and natural procedure for organizing data. It is often performed by assigning a quality score to each object according to its relevance to the problem at hand. Ranking is widely used for object selection, when resources are limited and it is necessary to select a subset of most relevant objects for further processing. In real world situations, the object’s scores are often calculated from noisy measurements, casting doubt on the ranking reliability. We introduce an analytical method for assessing the influence of noise levels on the ranking reliability. We use two similarity measures for reliability evaluation, Top-K-List overlap and Kendall’s τ measure, and show that the former is much more sensitive to noise than the latter. We apply our method to gene selection in a series of microarray experiments of several cancer types. The results indicate that the reliability of the lists obtained from these experiments is very poor, and that experiment sizes which are necessary for attaining reasonably stable Top-K-Lists are much larger than those currently available. Simulations support our analytical results.
New concepts and preliminary results for SiC bipolar transistors: ZnSiN/sub 2/ and ZnGeN/sub 2/ heterojunction emitters (2002)

The relatively large lattice mismatch of AlN, GaN and InN translate into difficulties with device growth, thus placing limits on band gap engineering. Search for new semiconductor compounds compatible with III-nitrides and SiC has resulted in identification of a large family of wide band gap II-IV-N/sub 2/ semiconductors. Specifically, ZnGeN/sub 2/ and ZnSiN/sub 2/ have lattice parameters close to GaN and SiC respectively, making them attractive for optimum device design. High crystalline quality epitaxial layers of ZnGe/sub x/Si/sub 1-x/N/sub 2/ spanning the entire range of compositions from x=0 to 1 have been grown by low pressure MOCVD technique on sapphire and SiC substrates. Experimental results including x-ray characterization of crystal properties and optical transmittance studies have been performed. Device issues including etching rate, ohmic contact formation (minimum /spl rho//sub c/=5.3/spl times/10/sup -7/ /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/), and breakdown voltage (1.4/spl times/10/sup 6/ V/cm) have been investigated. Each of these measurements has shown that this material system is suitable for novel electronic devices when combined with existing materials technology.
Immutable Functional Attributes of Histologic Grade Revealed by Context-Independent Gene Expression in Primary Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

Inherent cancer phenotypes that are independent of fluctuating cross-talk with the surrounding tissue matrix are highly desirable candidates for targeting tumor cells. Our novel study design uses epithelial cell lines derived from low versus high histologic grade primary breast cancer to effectively diminish the breadth of transient variability generated within the tumor microenvironment of the host, revealing a "paracrine-independent expression of grade-associated" (PEGA) gene signature. PEGA members extended beyond "proliferation-driven" signatures commonly associated with aggressive, high-grade breast cancer. The calcium-binding protein S100P was prominent among PEGA genes overexpressed in high-grade tumors. A three-member fingerprint of S100P-correlated genes, consisting of GPRC5A, FXYD3, and PYCARD, conferred poor outcome in multiple breast cancer data sets, irrespective of estrogen receptor status but dependent on tumor size (P < 0.01). S100P silencing markedly diminished coregulated gene transcripts and reversed aggressive tumor behavior. Exposure to pathway-implicated agents, including the calmodulin inhibitor N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide, phenothiazine, and chlorpromazine, resulted in rapid apoptotic cell death in high-grade tumor cells resistant to the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin. This is the first comprehensive study describing molecular phenotypes intimately associated with histologic grade whose expression remains relatively fixed despite an unavoidably changing environment to which tumor cells are invariably exposed.
Probabilistic Real-Time Data Access with Interval Constraints. (1996)

Real-time data management for manufacturing control applications indicates a need for probabilistic deadline guarantees and interval constraints. When shared data objects are treated as resources, real-time data management becomes a resourceconstrained real-time scheduling problem. In this paper, we perform simulations and measurements to evaluate the utilities of existing real-time scheduling algorithms in our University of Michigan Open-Architecture Controller testbed environment. We exhibit that, among rate-monotonic, first-infirst -out and earliest-deadline-first, none can consistently outperform the others in terms of miss ratio. To satisfy interval constraints in the presence of timer interval variance and &amp;quot;memory,&amp;quot; resetting timers is intuitively helpful. However, we find that it is not a viable approach even when the associated overhead is negligible. Rate-monotonic and first-in-first-out perform well in simulations, but the real-time operating system (QNX) has significant unpredictability---thus the performance is not as satisfactory in the testbed. To our knowledge, this research is the first empirical studies of real-time scheduling algorithms in the context of probabilistic deadline guarantees and interval constraints.
Isolated polycystic liver disease genes define effectors of polycystin-1 function (2017)

In the original article, the RT-PCR primer sequences listed in Methods were incorrectly labeled as Pkd1. The correct primer sequences for Pkd1 are in the revised paragraph below.
Data centric, position-based routing in space networks (2005)

Envisioned space exploration systems and planned space science missions involve increasingly large number of satellites and surface rovers/sensors communicating for coordinated science operations or for on-demand commanding and/or transfer of data. Current approaches that use static routing cannot scale to large numbers of satellites and spacecrafts of future missions. This requires a dynamic approach that can discover networks and links as they become available and intelligently use them for routing. Furthermore, most of the science missions will be geared towards collecting data using various sensors. Adoption of a data-centric communication mechanism can enable in-network aggregation and processing which help make data forwarding more efficient. In this paper, we briefly describe ASCoT, a routing system for science missions of tomorrow, which a) leverages the predictability of satellite trajectories to effect position-based routing in the space backbone, and b) departs from traditional address-centric communication and uses a data-centric architecture to enable energy efficient and low latency operation in proximity networks. Our simulation study using STK/OPNET shows that ASCoT architecture is viable.
Correction for Evans et al., “Informing Antibiotic Treatment Decisions: Evaluating Rapid Molecular Diagnostics To Identify Susceptibility and Resistance to Carbapenems against Acinetobacter spp. in PRIMERS III” (2017)

Volume 55, no. 1, p. 134–144, 2017, [https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01524-16][1]. Table S1 in the supplemental material: Isolates PR-369 and PR-469 were mislabeled, and a column containing an alternate list of isolate names (ARLG IDs) was inadvertently omitted. Revised supplemental material is posted
Optical phased array beam steering in the mid-infrared on an InP-based platform (2020)

Compact, lightweight, high-power beam-steering devices operating in the mid-infrared atmospheric window <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace"/> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mspace width="negativethinmathspace"/> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mtext>µ</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> are attractive for aerial-based applications such as long-range lidar and countermeasures. In the near-infrared spectral region, optical phased arrays (OPAs) have emerged as the dominant nonmechanical on-chip beam-steering technology, with a preponderance in silicon-based platforms. Extensions to the mid-infrared spectral region are scarce. Further, considering that the requirements for high performance in this region will likely demand monolithic integration with quantum cascade lasers, development of the photonic technology on a native III–V platform is advantageous. To this end, at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>4.6</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mtext>µ</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mi mathvariant="normal">m</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , on an InGaAs/InP platform, we experimentally demonstrate the operation of a 32-channel OPA with thermo-optic tuning for azimuthal (lateral) steering. With a waveguide spacing of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mspace width="thickmathspace"/> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> , we steer the beam to the maximum uninfringed field of view at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mo>±</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mml:mn>11.5</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>∘</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> .
SU‐FF‐I‐27: Can a Flat Panel Cone Beam CT Imager Pass the American College of Radiology CT Accreditation Requirements for Head Scans? (2009)

Purpose: To evaluate the performance of a flat panel cone‐beam CT system with the American College of Radiology (ACR) CT Accreditation Program. Methods and Materials: A bench‐top flat panel (FP) cone‐beam CT system using the Varian Medical Systems 4030CB panel and G424/B130 x‐ray tube with a rotating stage were used. The FP was operated in the dynamic gain mode with a frame rate of 15 fps and a scan time of 42 seconds and 625 views. The source and detector geometry were such that a full‐fan head size 25 cm field‐of‐view was reconstructed. The Gammex Inc. 464 ACR accreditation phantom and ACT automated evaluation software were used to form an unbiased pass/fail determination of the ACR head scan criteria. Standard CTDI dosimetry measurements were performed with a 16 cm diameter PMMA phantom and Victoreen 660 survey meter with 10 cm ionization chamber. Results: The ACR phantom has 4 sections, which are to evaluate a number of performance criteria. The scans were performed at a measured CTDI 100 of 45 mGy absorbed dose in air. These results are from the first attempt at using the ACR phantom on the FP CBCT system. The image quality was sufficient to pass the majority of the criteria, but failed to pass the CT number accuracy by 1 HU on the acrylic sample and by 1–2 HU on the CT number uniformity test. Conclusion: The results indicate that the CT number accuracy and uniformity are areas that can be improved with better software beam hardening and scatter corrections. Also these scans were taken without an anti scatter grid, which if used should improve CT number uniformity. Therefore, there are significant indications that we can pass all categories of the ACR head accreditation tests. Additional test are then to be performed on a C‐arm based system.
Weft-knitted lace fabric simulation based on the spring-mass model (2017)

Purpose The obtained simulation structures could reflect the appearances and the features of the fabrics. The purpose of this paper is to promote a lot for design and manufacturing of weft-knitted lace fabrics (WKLF). Design/methodology/approach The advantages of WKLF compared with warp-knitted ones were displayed. The formation mechanism of the WKLF was analyzed with employing the mechanics principles. Spring-mass model was proposed in this paper to achieve the simulation of the fabrics. End mass points and intermediate mass points were involved in the model. The displacement of end mass points was considered the dominance and the foundation to settle the positions of all the mass points. Findings A novel jacquard lace style fabric with pattern-background effect knitted on circular knitting machine were put forward, which were different from the traditional lace fabrics manufactured on the warp knitting machines. Originality/value First, as the manufacturing equipment, circular knitting machine costs much less than warp knitting machine; second, the elastic performance along weft direction of WKLF is more excellent than that of warp-knitted ones. Third, the excellent extensibility gives nice comfort; furthermore, long floating threads do not exist on the WKLF surface, so that the snag will be avoided.
SiOx Material as High Capacity Anode for Li-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Ephb6 Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Contractility and Modulates Blood Pressure in Concert with Sex Hormones (2012)

Eph kinases constitute the largest receptor tyrosine kinase family, and their ligands, ephrins (Efns), are also cell surface molecules. Our study is the first to assess the role of Ephb6 in blood pressure (BP) regulation. We observed that EphB6 and all three of its Efnb ligands were expressed on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) in mice. We discovered that small arteries from castrated Ephb6 gene KO males showed increased contractility, RhoA activation, and constitutive myosin light chain phosphorylation ex vivo compared with their WT counterparts. Consistent with this finding, castrated Ephb6 KO mice presented heightened BP compared with castrated WT controls. In vitro experiments in VSMC revealed that cross-linking Efnbs but not Ephb6 resulted in reduced VSMC contractions, suggesting that reverse signaling through Efnbs was responsible for the observed BP phenotype. The reverse signaling was mediated by an adaptor protein Grip1. Additional experiments demonstrated decreased 24-h urine catecholamines in male Ephb6 KO mice, probably as a compensatory feedback mechanism to keep their BP in the normal range. After castration, however, such compensation was abolished in Ephb6 KO mice and was likely the reason why BP increased overtly in these animals. It suggests that Ephb6 has a target in the nervous/endocrine system in addition to VSMC, regulating a testosterone-dependent catecholamine compensatory mechanism. Our study discloses that Ephs and Efns, in concert with testosterone, play a critical role in regulating small artery contractility and BP.
Planning for the Future U.S. Army in Europe (1992)

From 1950 to 1989, Europe was defined by two military alliances facing each other across several points of contact. The mission of the U.S. Army Europe (USAREUR) was clearly to deter an attack by the Warsaw Pact and to join with the rest of NATO to defeat such an attack should it occur. The Army was mostly, albeit not exclusively, focused on the Federal Republic of Germany. The threat was well-defined, and the purpose of Army force structuring was to wring ever more armor-killing potential from the available resources. Other possible Army missions in Europe took second place when they were considered at all. The changes in Europe that were first manifest in 1989, and continue at an accelerating pace today, have completely altered that familiar situation. The Warsaw Pact has disbanded, and the former Soviet Union is withdrawing its forces to within its own borders. The former Soviet Union itself is in a process of disintegration without a clearly defined end point. The role of the United States in Europe, and hence the mission of USAREUR, will undergo inevitable change. To some extent that change can be influenced by the United States, but much of it will be driven by events over which the United States has little influence, let alone control. However, the Army must still structure its forces. The Army will have several functions in Europe as long as forces are stationed there. It serves as the ground arm of the U.S. European Command (USEUCOM) to meet the responsibilities of that command both within and outside the territory of NATO. It serves as the visible symbol of U.S. involvement in, and commitment to, European security and stability. It will also continue to serve as a deterrent to aggression against any member of NATO by countries or groups of countries that might pose a threat in the future. Consideration of the above functions determines the characteristics of the future USAREUR.
High activation reaching supersaturation achieved by short-duration flash lamp annealing (2018)

We are developing a new flash lamp annealing (FLA) system featuring flash lamps with short duration and high output power for all CMOS technology nodes including advanced devices. With this system, we can realize lower thermal budgets and higher peak temperatures (jump temperature). Our conventional FLA tool has a wide range of annealing conditions, with annealing times from 0.8 to 100 ms. The duration of the FLA conditions of the system we are developing can be extended to deep sub-millisecond levels, making it complementary to our conventional tool. In this report, we present initial data from a new prototype system. The data clearly demonstrate that higher activation can be achieved. Notably, supersaturated activation of 4.6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> can be achieved with only slight diffusion of 5.8 nm in a p+/n Si junction. In addition, Hall effect measurements revealed higher carrier concentrations of up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">20</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> in polycrystalline Si (poly-Si). These results show that the new system has the potential for forming highly activated junctions with minimal diffusion in Si and poly-Si and can contribute to the fabrication of high performance devices.
Life Cycle Impacts Assessment of Steel, Composite, Concrete and Wooden Columns (2011)

This paper presents a comparative study showing the environmental profile of structural members used in the construction domain. The functional unit is a column that is realistic in terms of dimensions and load bearing capacity, made of steel or high strength steel sections, steel and concrete (composite), reinforced concrete, solid wood and glue-laminated wood. The design of the columns is made following the Eurocodes. Several environmental impacts are assessed, such as the global warming potential and energy consumption while also focusing on the acidification potential. The results are presented in the forms of bar charts for each considered column. For steel and concrete, depending on the source of information, the inventory can vary substantially e.g. the CO and CH4 emissions. Several sources of information are provided and used to perform a brief sensitivity analysis. The influence of the recycling of steel taking into account the IISI methodology will also be discussed.
Engineering spin-phonon coupling rates for the silicon vacancy center in diamond phononic crystal cavities (2021)

We design diamond phononic crystal cavities to couple GHz phonons to silicon vacancy center spin qubits, with coupling rates of 1.45-3.63 MHz that would enable strong coherent spin-phonon interactions at cryogenic temperature ~ 4K.