gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Viscoelastic properties of confined polymer films measured via thermal wrinkling (2009)

We present a new wrinkling-based measurement technique for quantifying the viscoelastic properties of confined polymer thin films. This approach utilizes real-time laser-light scattering to observe the kinetics of thermally-induced surface wrinkling, which evolves isothermally as a function of annealing time. Specifically, wrinkling is induced by applying a thermal stress to a polystyrene film that is sandwiched between a silicon substrate and an aluminium thin film superstrate. By following the time evolution of the wrinkle wavelength and amplitude, we can infer the rubbery modulus and shear viscosity of the polystyrene film with the aid of a theoretical model.
Nilotinib effects on safety, tolerability, and biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: A phase 2, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial (2020)

Abstract Background The goal is to assess the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of nilotinib, and measure biomarkers in participants with mild to moderate dementia due to Alzheimer’s disease. We hypothesized that nilotinib is safe and detectable in cerebrospinal fluid. Nilotinib may alter disease biomarkers and potentially slow clinical decline. Method This is a single‐center, phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study. Of 117 individuals approached, 13 declined, 51 were excluded, 51 were screened, and 37 were randomized 1:1 to placebo or nilotinib groups. The Alzheimer’s disease diagnosis was supported by cerebrospinal fluid or amyloid positron emission tomography biomarkers. Nilotinib 150 mg vs matching placebo was taken orally once daily for 26 weeks followed by nilotinib 300 mg vs placebo for another 26 weeks. Result Of the 37 individuals enrolled, 27 were women (73%), and the mean (SD) age was 70.7 (6.48) years. Nilotinib was safe and well‐tolerated, although more adverse events, particularly mood swings, were noted at the 300 mg dose (70.6%) vs placebo (0%) groups (p&lt;.01). In the nilotinib group, amyloid burden was reduced in the temporal (‐0.08, 90% CI, ‐0.21 to ‐0.01, p=.04) and frontal lobes (‐0.19, 90% CI, ‐2.29 to ‐0.08, p&lt;.001) compared to the placebo group. Cerebrospinal fluid Aβ40 was reduced at 6 months (566ng/ml, 90% CI, 135 to 1018, p=.02) and Aβ42 was reduced at 12 months (73.9 ng/ml, 90% CI, 14.3 to 137.9, p=.02) in the nilotinib group compared to the placebo. Hippocampal volume loss was attenuated (‐27%) at 12 months and phospho‐tau181 was reduced at 6 months (‐31.6%) and 12 months (‐39.6%) in the nilotinib group. Conclusion Nilotinib is safe and well‐tolerated, and achieves pharmacologically relevant brain concentrations. Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease were altered in response to nilotinib treatment. These data support a larger, multi‐center, phase 3 study to determine the safety and efficacy of nilotinib in Alzheimer’s disease. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02947893.
Roadmap on plasmonics (2018)

Plasmonics is a rapidly developing field at the boundary of physical optics and condensed matter physics. It studies phenomena induced by and associated with surface plasmons -elementary polar excitations bound to surfaces and interfaces of nanostructured good metals. This Roadmap is written collectively by prominent researchers in the field of plasmonics. It encompasses selected aspects of nanoplasmonics. Among them are fundamental aspects such as quantum plasmonics based on quantum-mechanical properties of both underlying materials and plasmons themselves (such as their quantum generator, spaser), plasmonics in novel materials, ultrafast (attosecond) nanoplasmonics, etc. Selected applications of nanoplasmonics are also reflected in this Roadmap, in particular, plasmonic waveguiding, practical applications of plasmonics enabled by novel materials, thermo-plasmonics, plasmonic-induced photochemistry and photo-catalysis. This Roadmap is a concise but authoritative overview of modern plasmonics. It will be of interest to a wide audience of both fundamental physicists and chemists and applied scientists and engineers. Adiabatic Nanofocusing on Ultrasmooth Single-Crystalline Gold Tapers Creates a 10-Nanometer-Sized Light
Reversible temporally-specific inhibition of muscle using a light-activated chloride channel (2018)

Abstract Achieving reversible, temporally specific inhibition of motor neurons has the potential to revolutionize treatment of disorders marked by muscle hyperactivity. Current treatment strategies are inadequate – surgical interventions are irreversible and pharmaceutical interventions have off-target effects. Optogenetic strategies for inhibiting muscle activity have theoretical promise; however, trafficking and expression problems have prevented translatable optogenetic suppression of muscle activity. Here, we exploit recent innovations in opsin engineering to demonstrate virally mediated, temporally specific optogenetic inhibition of motor neurons and muscle activity in vivo . We show that intra-muscular injection of adeno-associated virus serotype 6 can drive expression of the inhibitory channelrhodopsin mutant iC++ in both immunodeficient and wild-type mice. Illumination of the sciatic nerve in wild-type mice resulted in 64.8% inhibition of evoked twitch force. Optical excitation during tetanic stimulation in wild-type mice resulted in 59.1% inhibition at 10 Hz and 55.4% at 25 Hz. The extent of optogenetic inhibition was titratable, and ranged from 0% to 78.4% as illumination intensity was changed from 1 mW to 20 mW/mm 2 . These results could have therapeutic applicability to disorders such as spasticity, hypertonia and urinary incontinence, and provide a new tool to neuroscientists and muscle physiologists wishing to reversibly inhibit motor neuron activity in vivo .
A 31 GHz body-biased configurable power amplifier in 28 nm FD-SOI CMOS for 5 G applications (2020)

Abstract This paper presents a 31 GHz integrated power amplifier (PA) in 28 nm Fully Depleted Silicon-On-Insulator Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (FD-SOI CMOS) technology and targeting SoC implementation for 5 G applications. Fine-grain wide range power control with more than 10 dB tuning range is enabled by body biasing feature while the design improves voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) robustness, stability and reverse isolation by using optimized 90° hybrid couplers and capacitive neutralization on both stages. Maximum power gain of 32.6 dB, PAE max of 25.5% and P sat of 17.9 dBm are measured while robustness to industrial temperature range and process spread is demonstrated. Temperature-induced performance variation compensation, as well as amplitude-to-phase modulation (AM-PM) optimization regarding output power back-off, are achieved through body-bias node. This PA exhibits an International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors figure of merit (ITRS FOM) of 26 925, the highest reported around 30 GHz to authors' knowledge.
Growth of High-Quality Si-Doped AlGaN by Low-Pressure Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (2011)

In this paper we report the growth of Si-doped AlGaN on an AlN/sapphire substrate by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (LP-MOVPE) with an in situ monitoring system to fabricate a high-quality film with controlled thickness. The AlN mole fraction in AlGaN can be controlled by adjusting the growth temperature. We also discuss the quality and growth mechanism of AlGaN on AlN. GaN and AlGaN with an AlN mole fraction of 0.28 were free from stress because of the occurrence of three-dimensional (3D) growth. The lattice constant a of AlGaN with an AlN mole fraction of 0.40 was larger than that at an AlN mole fraction of 0.28 despite the two-dimensional (2D) growth mode. This indicates that the lattice mismatch between AlGaN and the underlying AlN adversely affects the crystal quality. AlGaN with an AlN mole fraction of over 0.60 was coherently grown on AlN owing to the fact that the AlN/sapphire template used in this work was subjected to compression. For this reason, in the samples with an AlN mole fraction of over 0.6, the crystal quality was high because of the coherent growth on the underlying AlN. Moreover, Si doping was performed for AlGaN. The carrier concentration increased linearly up to a Si concentration of 2 ×10 18 cm -3 , indicating that the activation rate was approximately 1.
Comparison of hydrogen desorption kinetics from Si(111)7 × 7 and Si(100)2 × 1 (1991)

The desorption kinetics of hydrogen from the β1 H2-TPD state on Si(111)7 × 7 and Si(100)2 × 1 were studied using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. Isothermal LITD studies of H2 desorption from Si(111)7 × 7 revealed second-order kinetics with a desorption activation barrier of Ed=62±4 kcalmol pro-exponential factor of vd=91±10 cm2/s. In contrast, the desorption of hydrogen from Si(100)2 × 1 revealed first-orde kinetics with an activation barrier of Ed=58±2 kcalmol and a pre-exponential factor of vd=(5.5±0.5)×1015s−1. The desorption kinetics yielded similar upper limits for the Si-H bond energies, but different desorption mechanisms on Si(111)7 × 7 and Si(100)2 × 1. The TPD results were also in agreement with second-order H2 desorption kinetics on Si(111)7 × 7 and first-order kinetics on Si(100)2 × 1. The second-order kinetics on Si(111)7 × 7 were consistent with a recombinatory desorption mechanism involving randomly positioned hydrogen atoms. The first-order H2 desorption kinetics were attributed to the concerted desorption of H2 from two hydrogen atoms paired on the same silicon dimer on Si(100)2 × 1.
On the identification of fast dynamics using slow rate camera measurements (2012)

This paper addresses the identification of the dynamics of a high bandwidth motion system using measurements from a slow rate integrative sensor. The motivation of this work is the need to characterize the dynamics of adaptive optics elements, such as deformable mirrors, using image array based sensors, such as CCD or CMOS wavefront sensors, which sample at a significantly lower rate than the actuator bandwidth. The integrative nature of the sensor produces a blurred image when the image moves much faster than the exposure period. The key concept of this paper is to extract system dynamics from the image blur. We consider the image blur as a nonlinear temporal-to-spatial transformation under a known input excitation, such as a sinusoid. The output signal parameters, such as amplitude and phase, characterize the frequency response of the system at the specific excitation frequency. This problem may be posed as a nonlinear minimization: finding output signal parameters to match the predicted spatial distribution with the measurement. However, the nonlinear mapping is not one-to-one, or, equivalently, the solution of the nonlinear minimization is non-unique. We propose two methods for avoiding this aliasing problem: by imposing a continuity constraint or by solving the minimization over two different exposure periods. The efficacy of the proposed identification approach for a single-input/single-output system is experimentally demonstrated by accurately obtaining the frequency response of a fast steering mirror up to 500Hz using a 30 Hz CCD camera.
Relationship of structure to properties of surfactants. 15 Isomeric sulfated polyoxyethylenated Guerbet alcohols (1990)

Abstract The properties at 25°C in aqueous 0.1M NaCl at the aqueous solution/air, aqueous solution/hexadecane, and aqueous solution/hydrophobic solid interfaces of two isomeric Guerbet alcohol‐derived surfactants C 8 H 17 CH(C 6 H 13 )CH 2 (OC 2 H 4 ) 5 SO 4 Na, one in which the octyl and hexyl groups are both linear (L isomer), the other in which they are both highly branched (B isomer), have been investigated and compared in some cases with commercial sodium linear dodecylbenzene‐sulfonate (LAS). The cmc value increases, the pC 20 value decreases, and the ΔG o ad value becomes less negative in the order: L isomer—B isomer—LAS. The minimum area/molecule at the aqueous solution/air interface increases in the order: LAS≪L isomer&lt;B isomer. The L isomer is slightly more hydrophobic than the B isomer, and both are considerably more surface‐active than LAS. The greater steric inhibition to micellization in the B isomer results in the lowest minimum surface tension. Both isomers have similar minimum interfacial tension values against hexadecane. Unusually small minimum area/molecule values for the two isomers at the aqueous solution/hydrophobic solid interface may indicate multilayer adsorption there. Both isomers are more efficient at reducing the contact angle than LAS. Mixtures of the B isomer with the corresponding unsulfated Guerbet alcohol show only weak interaction between the two. No synergism in surface (or interfacial) tension reduction efficiency or micelle formation exists at either the aqueous solution/air or aqueous solution interface but the mixture does show synergism in surface (or interfacial) tension reduction effectiveness, yielding a surface tension value of 28.2 dynes/cm, and an interfacial tension value of 0.1 dyne/cm against hexadecane. Draves wetting times increase in the order: B isomer&lt;LAS&lt;L isomer, and Ross‐Miles initial foam heights decrease in the order B isomer ≈LAS&gt;L isomer.
On the nature of delays allowing anatomical re-entry involving the Purkinje network: a simulation study (2020)

Formation of anatomical re-entry using the Purkinje network is possible through highly reduced gap junctional coupling leading to slowed conduction.
Highly improved uplink transmission in bidirectional PONs by using a RZ direct-modulated R-SOA (2010)

We experimentally demonstrate unmatched resilience to carrier and signal backscattering in central light seeded PONs. By using RZ modulated R-SOA as uplink transmitter, we obtained error-free uplink communications at 10 dB signal-to-crosstalk level.
Mspl and Dral Polymorphisms at the ERBA beta locus on chromosome 3p (1990)

A cDNA fragment, pC3. 11 (1) was used as probe. Polymorphisms: EcoRI cleavage of genomic DNA reveals a 2 allele polymorphism with band sizes of 5.2 and 5.6 kb. Invariant bands of 11.5, 11.0, 9.0 and 3.0 kb were also present. Frequency: Estimated from 35 unrelated Caucasians.
Inhibition of Migration and Invasion of LNCap Human Prostate Carcinoma Cells by Doxorubicin through Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activity and Tightening of Tight Junctions (2014)

본 연구에서는 anthracycline 계열 항암항생제인 doxorubicin의 암세포 전이 억제 여부를 LNCap 전립선 암세포를 이용하여 이동성 및 침윤성 억제 효능 측면에서 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 doxorubicin은 LNCap 세포의 이동성과 침윤성을 현저하게 억제시켰으며, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 및 -9의 발현과 활성을 저해함과 동시에 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 및 -2의 발현은 증가시켰다. Doxorubicin은 또한 tight junctions (TJs)의 전기적 저항성을 증대시켰으며, 이는 TJs의 주요 구성인자인 claudin family 인자들의 발현 억제와 연관성이 있었다. 따라서 LNCap 세포에서 doxorubicin에 의한 전이의 억제에는 최소한 TJ의 견고성 증대와 MMPs의 활성 억제가 관여할 것으로 추정된다. Doxorubicin (trade name adriamycin), an anthracycline antibiotic, is commonly used in the treatment of a wide range of cancers, including hematological malignancies, many types of carcinoma, and soft tissue sarcomas. It is closely related to the natural product daunomycin, and like all anthracyclines, it works by intercalating DNA. Its most serious adverse effect is life-threatening heart damage. Its anti-metastatic mechanisms in human prostate carcinomas are not fully understood. In this study, we used LNCap human prostate carcinoma cells to investigate the inhibitory effects of doxorubicin on cell motility and invasion, two critical cellular processes that are often deregulated during metastasis. Doxorubicin treatment inhibited cell migration and invasiveness of LNCap cells without showing any toxicity. Doxorubicin treatment also suppressed the activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, which were associated with up-regulated expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and TIMP-2 in LNCap cells. Doxorubicin treatment also attenuated the expression levels of claudin family members (claudin-1, -2,-3 and -4), major components of tightening of tight junctions (TJs) and increased the tightening of TJs, as demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance. The present findings demonstrate that doxorubicin reduces the migration and invasion of prostate carcinomas LNCap cells by modulating the activity of TJs and MMPs.
Circulating anti‐neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies in patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and extracapillary proliferation (1989)

We investigated 39 patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and extracapillary proliferation for the presence of circulating anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies (ANCA) by indirect immunofluorescence. Patients with antibodies against the glomerular basement membrane, systemic lupus erythematosus or with glomerulonephritis following infection and where renal disease could be ascribed to treatment with drugs were not included. IgG class ANCA producing diffuse cytoplasmic immunostaining were detected in 54% of the patients. With reservation for the difficulties involved in distinguishing between different forms of systemic vasculitis, these autoantibodies were present in patients with Wegener's granulomatosis (12 out of 17 patients), polyarteritis nodosa (4/6), idiopathic extracapillary glomerulonephritis (1/4), and with less distinct syndromes (4/10), but not in Henoch-Schönlein's purpura (0/2). Another 18% of the patients showed granulocyte-specific anti-nuclear antibodies' with perinuclear immunostaining. This pattern was recently reported to indicate the presence of antibody against myeloperoxidase of alcohol-fixed neutrophils. Autoimmune mechanisms, particularly those involving components of neutrophil granulocytes, could play a significant role in development of extracapillary glomerulonephritis.
Computational design and experimental study of tighter binding peptides to an inactivated mutant of HIV‐1 protease (2007)

Drug resistance in HIV-1 protease, a barrier to effective treatment, is generally caused by mutations in the enzyme that disrupt inhibitor binding but still allow for substrate processing. Structural studies with mutant, inactive enzyme, have provided detailed information regarding how the substrates bind to the protease yet avoid resistance mutations; insights obtained inform the development of next generation therapeutics. Although structures have been obtained of complexes between substrate peptide and inactivated (D25N) protease, thermodynamic studies of peptide binding have been challenging due to low affinity. Peptides that bind tighter to the inactivated protease than the natural substrates would be valuable for thermodynamic studies as well as to explore whether the structural envelope observed for substrate peptides is a function of weak binding. Here, two computational methods-namely, charge optimization and protein design-were applied to identify peptide sequences predicted to have higher binding affinity to the inactivated protease, starting from an RT-RH derived substrate peptide. Of the candidate designed peptides, three were tested for binding with isothermal titration calorimetry, with one, containing a single threonine to valine substitution, measured to have more than a 10-fold improvement over the tightest binding natural substrate. Crystal structures were also obtained for the same three designed peptide complexes; they show good agreement with computational prediction. Thermodynamic studies show that binding is entropically driven, more so for designed affinity enhanced variants than for the starting substrate. Structural studies show strong similarities between natural and tighter-binding designed peptide complexes, which may have implications in understanding the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in HIV-1 protease.
An essential role for an inositol polyphosphate multikinase, Ipk2, in mouse embryogenesis and second messenger production (2005)

Phospholipase C and several inositol polyphosphate kinase (IPK) activities generate a branched ensemble of inositol polyphosphate second messengers that regulate cellular signaling pathways in the nucleus and cytoplasm. Here, we report that mice deficient for Ipk2 (also known as inositol polyphosphate multikinase), an inositol trisphosphate and tetrakisphosphate 6/5/3-kinase active at several places in the inositol metabolic pathways, die around embryonic day 9.5 with multiple morphological defects, including abnormal folding of the neural tube. Metabolic analysis of Ipk2-deficient cells demonstrates that synthesis of the majority of inositol pentakisphosphate, hexakisphosphate and pyrophosphate species are disrupted, although the presence of 10% residual inositol hexakisphosphate indicates the existence of a minor alternative pathway. Agonist induced inositol tris- and bis-phosphate production and calcium release responses are present in homozygous mutant cells, indicating that the observed mouse phenotypes are a result of failure to produce higher inositol polyphosphates. Our data demonstrate that Ipk2 plays a major role in the synthesis of inositol polyphosphate messengers derived from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and uncovers a role for their production in embryogenesis and normal development.
ChemInform Abstract: Mag: A Cα‐Methylated, Side‐Chain Unsaturated α‐Amino Acid. Introduction into Model Peptides and Conformational Preference. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Robust vertical ladder climbing and transitioning between ladder and catwalk for humanoid robots (2015)

This paper presents a novel control method to stabilize the whole-body motion of humanoid robots when climbing vertical ladders and transitioning between ladders and catwalks. In such environments, the body of the robot tends to incline and rotate because of the slippery surfaces. The inclination and rotation may cause the robot to fail to grasp and thus collide with the rungs. The proposed method modifies the subsequent contact position in real time based on the error of the current robot posture estimated with inertial measurement units (IMUs) and actual joint angles. This paper also presents a method of generating motion by minimizing the contact wrench. This method satisfies hardware limitations, such as collision avoidance, joint torque limits, and joint limits. Applying these methods to a humanoid robot, we realize the robust climbing and descending of multiple rungs of a vertical ladder and bidirectional transitioning from ladders to catwalks.