gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-Based Assessment of C-Peptide Secretion and Kinetics in Post Gastric Bypass Individuals Experiencing Postprandial Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (2021)

Assessment of insulin secretion is key to diagnose postprandial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (PHH), an increasingly recognized complication following bariatric surgery. To this end, the Oral C-peptide Minimal Model (OCMM) can be used. This usually requires fixing C-peptide (CP) kinetics to the ones derived from the Van Cauter population model (VCPM), which has never been validated in PHH individuals. The objective of this work was to test the validity of the OCMM coupled with the VCPM in PHH subjects and propose a method to overcome the observed limitations. Two cohorts of adults with PHH after gastric bypass (GB) underwent either a 75 g oral glucose (9F/3M; age=42±9 y; BMI=28.3±6.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) or a 60 g mixed-meal (7F/3M; age = 43 ± 11 y; BMI=27.5±4.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) tolerance test. The OCMM was identified on CP concentration data with CP kinetics fixed to VCPM (VC approach). In both groups, the VC approach underestimated CP-peak and overestimated CP-tail suggesting CP kinetics predicted by VCPM to be inaccurate in this population. Thus, the OCMM was identified using CP kinetics estimated from the data (DB approach) using a Bayesian Maximum a Posteriori estimator. CP data were well predicted in all the subjects using the DB approach, highlighting a significantly faster CP kinetics in patients with PHH compared to the one predicted by VCPM. Finally, a simulation study was used to validate the proposed approach. The present findings question the applicability of the VCPM in patients with PHH after GB and call for CP bolus experiments to develop a reliable CP kinetic model in this population.
An Autopolyploidy-Based Genetic Algorithm for Enhanced Evolution of Linear Polyfractal Arrays (2007)

There has been considerable recent interest in techniques for the optimization of large-N antenna arrays. Unfortunately, the successful development of such techniques has been hindered by the large number of independent parameters that must be optimized and the complexity of the calculations needed for the electromagnetic evaluation of large-N arrays. One promising new design methodology for large-N arrays which has recently been introduced is based on properties of a subset of fractal-random arrays called polyfractal arrays. Polyfractal arrays have many embedded self-similar structures, thereby allowing very large and seemingly complex array layouts to be described with only a small set of independent parameters. In addition, by effectively utilizing the self-similarity of polyfractal arrays, a considerable reduction can be achieved in the amount of time required to evaluate the radiation patterns of large-N arrays. This paper introduces a type of nature-based design process that applies a specially formulated genetic algorithm (GA) technique to evolve optimal polyfractal array layouts. The most unique aspect of this optimization technique is a new autopolyploidy-based chromosome expansion that maximizes the efficiency of the GAs. Simple polyfractal geometries are used in the initial stage or first epoch of the optimization because the number of independent parameters is small and the computation times are relatively fast. After the optimization converges for the first epoch, more complicated descriptions of these polyfractal arrays are introduced to provide additional independent parameters for the optimizer as it progresses through later epochs of evolution. This process has been shown to be very effective in creating optimized large-N arrays, the largest example considered here being a 1616-element linear array with a -24.30-dB sidelobe level and a 0.056deg half-power beamwidth
Nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of a two-dimensional panel based on inertial manifolds with delay (2012)

Von Karman's large deformation plate theory was used to describe the panel deformation,and the aerodynamic loads were obtained by using the first order piston theory.The nonlinear partial differential equation of the system was derived.Then,the nonlinear Galerkin method based upon inertial manifolds with delay(IMD) was applied to the approaching of the governing equations.By this method,the higher-order modes were expressed by the lower-order modes and a time delay was introduced.Thus the same precision is kept and long computation time is saved.The numerical examples were given,and the dimensionless dynamic pressure and the dimensionless compressive internal force were considered as bifurcation parameters,respectively,to study the stability and bifurcation of the response.In particular,the route to chaos by intermittent transition was studied,and the periodic windows and self-similarity phenomena were captured in the chaos region.Through the phase portraits,FFT analysis and Lyapunov exponent,it demonstrates that there exist four distinct regions,representing stable,buckling,synchronous and non-synchronous motions of the system.In the non-synchronous region,a rich variety of nonlinear responses,such as double-period motion,quasi-period motion and chaotic motion,are found.The results can gain a fundamental understanding and developing of the nonlinear phenomena.
epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid Plasma Levels During Cardiopulmonary Bypass (1997)

epsilon-Aminocaproic acid (EACA) concentrations achieved during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) have not been previously reported. It is unknown whether plasma concentrations reported to inhibit fibrinolysis in vitro (130 microg/mL) are achieved or whether differences in these levels relate to variability in postoperative bleeding. EACA (total intraoperative dose 270 mg/kg) was administered to 27 patients undergoing cardiac reoperation. The plasma EACA concentration was measured by using high-pressure liquid chromatography: 1) 30 min after initiation of drug administration (baseline); 2) 30 min (CPB + 30) after initiation of CPB; 3) 90 min after initiation of CPB. (CPB + 90); and 4) at cardiopulmonary bypass termination (end CPB). Plasma EACA concentrations (microg/mL, min - max, mean +/- SD) were 276-998, 593 +/- 154 at baseline; 147-527, 302 +/- 95 at CPB + 30; 112-500, 314 +/- 100 at CPB + 90; and 84-537, 317 +/- 100 at end CPB. Twenty-four-hour postoperative thoracic drainage and allogeneic red blood cell transfusions were not associated with plasma levels at any time. Although plasma EACA concentrations greater than 130 microg/mL were consistently achieved, we observed a marked variability (more than sixfold) in plasma concentrations and bleeding outcomes despite the use of a weight-based dosing regimen. This variability in drug levels appears to have little relevance to bleeding outcomes, possibly since mean plasma levels exceeded 130 microg/mL during CPB, and nearly all patients (26 of 27) achieved that target level.
Endotoxin-induced alteration in the expression of leptin and β3-adrenergic receptor in adipose tissue (1998)

Cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6, may contribute to the anorexia and cachexia of infection, cancer, and AIDS. The present study tests the hypothesis that endotoxin alters the expression of two key fat cell proteins, leptin and beta3-adrenergic receptor (beta3-AR), through a mechanism involving TNF-alpha. Increasing doses of Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) resulted in dose-dependent elevations of plasma leptin (maximal response approximately 7-fold, half-maximal effective dose of approximately 16 microg/100 g body wt) and white fat leptin mRNA in C3/HeOUJ mice. LPS also produced a large decrease in adipose tissue beta3-AR mRNA and a parallel reduction in beta-agonist-induced activation of adenylyl cyclase. Changes in plasma leptin and beta3-AR mRNA were preceded by an approximately threefold increase in white fat TNF mRNA. TNF administration resulted in changes similar to those seen with LPS. We conclude that endotoxemia results in an induction of leptin mRNA and a decrease in beta3-AR mRNA in adipose tissue, an effect that may be mediated by alterations in TNF-alpha.
Measuring the frequency response of gigabit chip photodiodes (2001)

We describe a calibration and measurement procedure for determining the intrinsic frequency response of gigabit chip photodiodes embedded in simple test fixtures. The procedure is unique because we make the measurements in the time domain using a calibrated oscilloscope, and we then apply frequency-domain mismatch corrections to remove the effects of the fixture, bias T, and cables from the measurements. We demonstrate the procedure on photodiodes with an active region of approximately 150-/spl mu/m diameter excited by short 800-nm wavelength optical pulses.
Collagenase‐assisted wound bed preparation: An in vitro comparison between Vibrio alginolyticus and Clostridium histolyticum collagenases on substrate specificity (2019)

Bacterial collagenase from the aerobic non-pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus chemovar iophagus is an extracellular metalloproteinase. This collagenase preparation is obtained through a fermentation process and is purified chromatographically, resulting in a highly purified 82-kDa single-band protein that does not contain non-specific proteases or other microbial impurities. V. alginolyticus collagenase was added to a hyaluronan (HA)-based device to develop a novel debriding agent to improve the treatment of ulcers, necrotic burns, and decubitus in the initial phase of wound bed preparation. In this study, an in vitro biochemical characterisation of V. alginolyticus collagenase versus a commercial preparation from a Clostridium histolyticum strain on various dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) substrates was performed. V. alginolyticus collagenase demonstrated its ability to carry out the enzymatic cleavage of the substrate, allowing a selective removal of necrotic tissues while sparing healthy tissue, as reported in clinical studies and through routine clinical experience. in vitro tests under physiological conditions (pH, presence of Ca++, etc.) have demonstrated that V. alginolyticus collagenase exhibits very poor/limited non-specific proteolytic activity, whereas the collagenase preparation from C. histolyticum is highly active both on collagen and on non-collagenic substrates. This finding implies that while the V. alginolyticus enzyme is fully active on the collagen filaments that anchor the necrotic tissue to the wound bed, it does not degrade other minor, but structurally important, components of the dermal ECM. This feature could explain why collagenase preparation from V. alginolyticus has been reported to be much gentler on perilesional, healthy skin.
Electrostatics in periodic boundary conditions and real-space corrections (2008)

We address periodic-image errors arising from the use of periodic boundary conditions to describe systems that do not exhibit full three-dimensional periodicity. The difference between the periodic potential, as straightforwardly obtained from a Fourier transform, and the potential satisfying any other boundary conditions can be characterized analytically. In light of this observation, we present an efficient real-space method to correct periodic-image errors, based on a multigrid solver for the potential difference, and demonstrate that excellent convergence of the energy with respect to cell size can be achieved in practical calculations. Additionally, we derive rapidly convergent expansions for determining the Madelung constants of point-charge assemblies in one, two, and three dimensions.
Supplemental Table 3 from Eradication of Acute Myeloid Leukemia with FLT3 Ligand–Targeted miR-150 Nanoparticles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effects of JQ1 and/or miR-150 nanoparticles on mouse blood cell differentiation four weeks after the last administration of drugs or control (PBS)&lt;/p&gt;
Recent advances on structural modifications of benzothiazoles and their conjugate systems as potential chemotherapeutics (2012)

A large number of benzothiazole derivatives discussed here possess potent anticancer activity and can be further developed as drug candidates. Benzothiazole conjugates could also display synergistic effect and still there is a need to use the drug combinations permitting lower dose and development of new generation of drugs. Despite encouraging results that have been observed for their response to tumor in clinical studies, full characterization of their toxicity is further required for their clinical usage as safe drugs for the treatment of cancer. We believe that this review gives a better understanding and scope for future drug design and development of benzothiazole-based compounds to implicate their use in cancer chemotherapy.
Crossover from itinerant-electron to localized-electron behavior in Sr1−xCaxCrO3perovskite solid solution (2011)

Polycrystalline samples of the perovskite family Sr(1-x)Ca(x)CrO(3) have been prepared at high pressure and temperature in steps of 1/6 over the range 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. Rietveld analysis shows a series of structural phase transitions from cubic to tetragonal to orthorhombic with increasing x. The cubic samples have no long-range magnetic order; the other samples become antiferromagnetically ordered below a T(N) that increases with x. At ambient pressure, the electric transport properties of the cubic and tetragonal phases are semiconducting with a small (meV range) activation energy that increases with x; the orthorhombic phase exhibits variable-range hopping rather than the small-polaron behavior typically found for mixed-valent, localized-electron configurations. Above a pressure P=P(C), a smooth insulator-metal transition is found at a T(IM) that decreases with increasing P for a fixed x; P(C) increases with x. These phenomena are rationalized qualitatively with a π(∗)-band model having a width W(π) that approaches crossover from itinerant-electron to localized-electron behavior as W(π) decreases with increasing x. The smaller size of the Ca(2+) ion induces the structural changes and the greater acidity of the Ca(2+) ion is primarily responsible for narrowing W(π) as x increases.
Les diarrhees du dindonneau: Un bilan des recherches virales effectuees (rotavirus, reovirus, adenovirus, pseudopicornavirus) (1985)

Thirty-five flocks of young turkeys with diarrhoea were studied and four different viruses were incriminated. The techniques used for these studies and the results all described. The observations on the sick flocks and the laboratory findings, and the possible presence of pararotavirus in turkeys in France, are discussed.
Noninvasive transcutaneous bionic baroreflex system prevents severe orthostatic hypotension in patients with spinal cord injury. (2008)

Central baroreflex failure in patients with spinal cord injury results in serious orthostatic hypotension. We examined if transcutaneous electrical stimulation regulates arterial pressure in those patients. We identified skin regions capable of increasing arterial pressure and determined respective transfer function. Using the transfer function, we designed the feedback regulator (i.e., bionic baroreflex system) to control arterial pressure. Orthostatic stress decreased arterial pressure profoundly. Activation of bionic regulator restored and maintained arterial pressure at pre-specified levels. We conclude that the transcutaneous bionic system is noninvasive and capable of stabilizing arterial pressure in patients with spinal cord injury.
Stagnation-Point Heat Transfer During Impingement of Laminar Liquid Jets: Analysis Including Surface Tension (1993)

The stagnation-zone characteristics of an impinging liquid jet are of great interest because the maximum heat transfer coefficient occurs in that region. This paper is an analytical study of the fluid flow and heat transfer in the stagnation zone of an unsubmerged liquid jet. The role of surface tension is emphasized. Stagnation-zone transport is strongly dependent on the potential flow above the boundary layer. Only a few studies have examined the potential flow of an unsubmerged jet, each using approximate potential flow theory and neglecting surface tension. In this paper, numerical solutions for a laminar unsubmerged jet are obtained, using a simulation method for steady, inviscid, incompressible flow with surface tension. A series solution that satisfies the boundary conditions in an approximate manner is constructed in terms of Legendre functions. Numerical solution of the momentum equation shows that surface tension has an effect on the stagnation-point flow field when the Weber number is small. Solutions of the associated boundary layer problem are used to obtain predictions of the influence of Weber number on the stagnation-zone heat transfer. The results are validated by comparison to measurements at high Weber number.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Cinchona‐Amino Acid Hybrid Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Catalysis. (2014)

Abstract Several amino acids and dipeptides are coupled in good overall yields to furnish chinchonidine derivatives.
Next generation distributed and heterogeneous radio architectures: the FUTON project (2009)

The FUTON project aims to develop and validate a fibre based infrastructure for transparently interconnecting multiple remote antennas to a central location, exploiting the merits of the joint processing of radio signals. This paper overviews the objectives of the FUTON project, describing its concept and its main challenges.
Innovative Telecommunications Training through Flexible Radio Platforms (2019)

The everchanging telecommunication industry is in severe need of a highly skilled workforce to shape and deploy future generation communication systems. This article presents innovative telecommunication training that is designed to satisfy this need. The training focuses on hardware layers of the open systems interconnection model. It integrates theory, numerical modeling, and hardware implementation to ensure complete and long-lasting understanding. The key telecommunication concepts that are covered in the fundamental training phase are detailed along with best teaching practices. In addition, methods that enrich the learning experience, such as gamified microtasks and interactive use of daily telecommunication devices, are featured. The project development case studies that cultivate creative thinking and scientific interest are highlighted. Also, a well-established guideline to compose the teaching environment that emphasizes hands-on experience is provided. Therefore, the presented training can be exemplary to other institutions that share the same mission to educate the distinguished engineers of the future.
Reduced Complexity Decoder for Orthogonal Space-Time Codes When Using QAM Constellations and Multiple Receive Antennas (2010)

Space-time block coding represents a practical and pragmatic method to mitigate the fading effects and to increase the channel capacity, by using spatial diversity. The space-time coding techniques are still preferred in communication systems because of the very simple transmit coding rule and of the relative reduced complexity of the maximum likelihood (ML) receivers with respect to other coding methods (e.g., space-time trellis codes) or other MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) algorithms (e.g., spatial multiplexing). One of the drawbacks when using space-time block codes is the increase in complexity at the ML receiver when increasing the number of transmit antennas and the number of constellation points. This paper deals with this issue and introduces a decoding algorithm applicable only for orthogonal space-time block codes. We show that this decoding algorithm reduces the search space dimension of a regular ML receiver, leading to significant complexity reduction for quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations. The algorithm is then extended to an arbitrary number of receive antennas, increasing the spatial diversity order.
High Quality Audio Coding with MDCTNet (2022)

We propose a neural audio generative model, MDCTNet, operating in the perceptually weighted domain of an adaptive modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT). The architecture of the model captures correlations in both time and frequency directions with recurrent layers (RNNs). An audio coding system is obtained by training MDCTNet on a diverse set of fullband monophonic audio signals at 48 kHz sampling, conditioned by a perceptual audio encoder. In a subjective listening test with ten excerpts chosen to be balanced across content types, yet stressful for both codecs, the mean performance of the proposed system for 24 kb/s variable bitrate (VBR) is similar to that of Opus at twice the bitrate.
Kinetics of Inclusion Body Formation and Its Correlation with the Characteristics of Protein Aggregates in Escherichia coli (2012)

The objective of the research was to understand the structural determinants governing protein aggregation into inclusion bodies during expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Recombinant human growth hormone (hGH) and asparaginase were expressed as inclusion bodies in E.coli and the kinetics of aggregate formation was analyzed in details. Asparaginase inclusion bodies were of smaller size (200 nm) and the size of the aggregates did not increase with induction time. In contrast, the seeding and growth behavior of hGH inclusion bodies were found to be sequential, kinetically stable and the aggregate size increased from 200 to 800 nm with induction time. Human growth hormone inclusion bodies showed higher resistance to denaturants and proteinase K degradation in comparison to those of asparaginase inclusion bodies. Asparaginase inclusion bodies were completely solubilized at 2-3 M urea concentration and could be refolded into active protein, whereas 7 M urea was required for complete solubilization of hGH inclusion bodies. Both hGH and asparaginase inclusion bodies showed binding with amyloid specific dyes. In spite of its low b-sheet content, binding with dyes was more prominent in case of hGH inclusion bodies than that of asparaginase. Arrangements of protein molecules present in the surface as well as in the core of inclusion bodies were similar. Hydrophobic interactions between partially folded amphiphillic and hydrophobic alpha-helices were found to be one of the main determinants of hGH inclusion body formation. Aggregation behavior of the protein molecules decides the nature and properties of inclusion bodies.
Molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency in a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. (1983)

We have investigated the molecular basis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficiency in a patient who presented with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. A catalytically incompetent form of HPRT has been isolated from this patient's erythrocytes and lymphoblasts. This enzyme variant, which we have termed HPRTKinston, is indistinguishable from the normal enzyme in terms of its intracellular concentration and maximal velocity, but differs with respect to its isoelectric point (more basic) and Michaelis constants for both substrates (markedly elevated). The tryptic peptides of HPRTKinston were mapped by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography in an attempt to define the precise abnormality in its primary structure. Sequence analysis of the single aberrant tryptic peptide in HPRTKinston revealed an aspartic acid to asparagine amino acid substitution at position 193. Electrophoretic analysis of the CNBr peptides of HPRTKinston confirmed the location of the proposed mutation. This amino acid substitution can be explained by a single nucleotide change in the codon for aspartic acid 193 (GAC leads to AAC). This is the first specific mutation described at the molecular level in a patient with the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.