gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Tosylates to Carboxamides (2015)

The palladium - catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl tosylates with amines is reported. Suitable conditions were identified by high throughput reaction screening and then further optimized. The substrate scope of the reaction with respect to the aryl tosylate component and the amine component are reported. Competitive aminolysis of the aryl tosylates to afford the amine toluenesulfonamides and the phenol was not observed.
Unified treatment of small-signal space-charge dynamics in bulk-effect devices (1973)

Space-charge dynamics in semiconductors with negative differential mobility are discussed in a small-signal approximation taking account of the role of carrier diffusion and are shown to exhibit fundamentally four different properties. These differences originate from two conditions, one being the direction of propagation of the space-charge wave and the other being whether the space-charge wave is characterized by frequency-independent velocity (convective instability) or frequency-independent wavelength (absolute instability). These behaviors of space-charge waves have a great influence on the performance of bulk-effect devices and give rise to extremely different characteristics. When the space-charge wave is characterized by frequency-independent velocity, two-terminal impedance of bulk-effect devices shows the conventional transit-time effect. On the contrary, the property of space-charge waves characterized by frequency-independent wavelength gives rise to the static negative resistance in two-terminal impedance.
Pharmakokinetik und Plasmaeiweißbindung von Iotroxinsäure (1977)

Pharmacokinetic data after injection of the new cholegraphic contrast medium iotroxic acid (Biliscopin) in man are reported and compared with the results of injections of ioglycamate and iodoxic acid. Iotroxic acid is less completely bound to plasma proteins than ioglycamate, but significancy more so than iodoxamate. Plasma protein binding depends on contrast concentration in the plasma, as does excretion in the urine. Biliary transport rate and maximal iodine concentration in the gall bladder are higher after injections of iotroxinate and iodoxamate than after ioglycamate.
Evidence for NK Cell Subsets Based on Chemokine Receptor Expression (2006)

To help understand the role of chemokines in NK cell trafficking, we determined the chemokine receptor profiles of three different human NK cell lines and freshly isolated primary human NK cells. The cell lines overlapped in their chemokine receptor profiles: CXCR3 and CXCR4 were expressed by all three lines, whereas CCR1, CCR4, CCR6, CCR7, and CX3CR1 were expressed by only one or two of the lines, and no other chemokine receptors were detected. Freshly isolated primary NK cells were found to express CXCR1, CXCR3, and CXCR4, and to contain subsets expressing CCR1, CCR4, CCR5, CCR6, CCR7, CCR9, CXCR5, and CXCR6. With the exception of CCR4, these chemokine receptors were expressed at higher percentages by CD56(bright) NK cells than by CD56(dim) NK cells. In particular, CCR7 was expressed by almost all CD56(bright) NK cells but was not detected on CD56(dim) NK cells. CCR9 and CXCR6 have not been described previously on primary NK cells. These results indicate that within both the CD56(bright) and CD56(dim) NK cell populations, subsets with the capacity for differential trafficking programs exist, which likely influence their functions in innate and adaptive immunity.
Whole-genome analysis ofLeptospira interrogansto identify potential vaccine candidates against leptospirosis (2005)

Leptospirosis is an important global human and veterinary health problem. Humans can be infected by exposure to chronically infected animals and their environment. An important focus of the current leptospiral research is the identification of outer membrane proteins (OMPs). Due to their location, leptospiral OMPs are likely to be relevant in host-pathogen interactions, hence their potential ability to stimulate heterologous immunity. The existing whole-genome sequence of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni offers a unique opportunity to search for cell surface proteins. Predicted genes encoding potential surface proteins were amplified from genomic DNA by PCR methodology and cloned into an Escherichia coli expression system. The partially purified recombinant proteins were probed by Western blotting with sera from human patients diagnosed with leptospirosis. Sixteen proteins, out of a hundred tested, were recognized by antibodies present in human sera. Four of these proteins were conserved among eight serovars of L. interrogans and absent in the non-pathogenic Leptospira biflexa. These proteins might be useful for the diagnosis of the disease as well as potential vaccine candidates.
Dehydrogenative Coupling to Enable the Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (−)‐Simaomicin α (2013)

Simaomicin α (1) is a polycyclic xanthone natural product with remarkable biological properties.It was isolated by scientists from American Cyanamid Company from the culture broth of an actinomycete, and its structure and relative stereochemistry were established by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. [1]Simaomicin α originally garnered attention for its ability to prevent coccidiosis infection in chickens that were fed meal containing 1 mg drug/kg feed.The isolation group noted that it was 'the most potent naturaloccurring anticoccidial agent reported.' [2] Fifteen years after its structure and anti-parasitic activity was reported, Tomoda and co-workers revealed that simaomicin α had little effect on Jurkat cells as a single agent at low concentration (0.6 nM), but that it synergized with the DNA-damaging agent bleomycin.Thus, while bleomycin caused G2-arrest, the combination of bleomycin and simaomicin α was cytotoxic against this T lymphocyte cell line.Provocatively, even much higher concentrations of simaomicin α (500 nM) had little effect on a normal HUVEC cell line.The molecular underpinnings for these effects are unknown, but the checkpoint regulators Chk1, Chk2, ATM, ATR and Wee1 are not inhibited. [3]The natural product was found to suppress phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein, [4] but a molecular target has not been identified.The therapeutic implication of these observations is that co-administration of a DNA-damaging agent with a cell-cycle inhibitor could be more efficacious than treatment with a single agent.Given the potent biological activity and unique structure of simaomicin α, we targeted it for total synthesis. [5]Our work builds on the discoveries from the Kelly group, which reported the first synthesis of a polycyclic xanthone natural product, cervinomycin A 2 (Scheme 1, top). [6]Subsequently the Suzuki group disclosed a synthesis of the FD-594 aglycon, [7] and Porco and coworkers [8] and our group [9] independently synthesized kibdelone C. The latter studies were the first to target members of this class that feature a tetrahydroxanthone ring
A miniaturized solid salt reverse electrodialysis battery: a durable and fully ionic power source (2018)

A novel pump-free miniaturized reverse electrodialysis (RED) system was designed to provide lasting power transduced from salinity gradients, named solid salt RED (ssRED), and this quasi-battery uses a solid salt instead of electrolyte solution for streamlined usage. It is portable, flexible, comparable in size to a universal serial bus flash drive, and easily activated with a small amount of water. It maintains a constant ionic concentration gradient through precipitation reactions between a pair of different salts. This precipitation-assisted solid salt RED (PssRED) is an unprecedented ionic power source as it can generate steady electricity in the absence of a driving pump. The PssRED was successfully coupled with bipolar electrode (BPE) microchip sensors which require stable ionic electricity and a polyelectrolyte ionic diode to realize a fully ionic circuit. It is envisioned that the range of application could be expanded to supply electromotive force to various devices through an ionic charge flow.
Photofunctional Nanomodulators for Bioexcitation (2014)

Abstract A single organism comprises diverse types of cells. To acquire a detailed understanding of the biological functions of each cell, comprehensive control and analysis of homeostatic processes at the single‐cell level are required. In this study, we develop a new type of light‐driven nanomodulator comprising dye‐functionalized carbon nanohorns (CNHs) that generate heat and reactive oxygen species under biologically transparent near‐infrared (NIR) laser irradiation. By exploiting the physicochemical properties of the nanohorns, cellular calcium ion flux and membrane currents were successfully controlled at the single‐cell level. In addition, the nanomodulator allows a remote bioexcitation of tissues during NIR laser exposure making this system a powerful tool for single‐cell analyses and innovative cell therapies.
Rapid Bioenabled Formation of Ferroelectric BaTiO3at Room Temperature from an Aqueous Salt Solution at Near Neutral pH (2007)

A 12-mer peptide, identified through phage display biopanning, has been used for the first time to induce the rapid formation of ferroelectric (tetragonal) nanocrystalline BaTiO3 at room temperature from an aqueous salt precursor solution at near neutral pH. BaTiO3 is widely used in capacitors, thermistors, displays, and sensors owing to its attractive dielectric, ferroelectric, pyroelectric, optical, and electrochemical properties. Two 12-mer peptides (BT1 and BT2) were selected from a phage-displayed peptide library via binding to tetragonal BaTiO3 powder. While these peptides possessed various types of amino acids, 8 of the 12 amino acids were common to both peptides. Each of these peptides induced the formation of faceted nanoparticles (50-100 nm diameter) from an aqueous precursor solution. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction patterns obtained from these faceted nanoparticles were consistent with the BaTiO3 compound. Rietveld analyses of the X-ray diffraction patterns yielded good fits to tetragonal crystal structures, with the BaTiO3 formed in the presence of the BT2 peptide exhibiting the most tetragonal character. A coating of the latter BaTiO3 nanoparticles exhibited polarization hysteresis (a well-known characteristic of ferroelectric materials) at room temperature and a relative permittivity of 2200. Such rapid, peptide-induced precipitation at room temperature provides new opportunities for direct BaTiO3 formation on low-melting or reactive materials (e.g., plastics, cloths, bio-organics) and the low temperature integration of BaTiO3 into electronic devices (e.g., on silicon or flexible polymer substrates).
<title>Laser ignition of engines: multipoint, fiber delivery, and diagnostics</title> (2005)

Laser ignition of internal combustion engines reveals a number of advantages. High-pressure chamber experiments with lean hydrogen-methane-air mixtures were successfully performed and monitored by optical Schlieren diagnostics. Multipoint ignition was tested for 2 and 3 ignition points with different separations. In this way, relevant ignition parameters were acquired allowing estimate future laser ignition systems. Transportation of high intensity 6-ns Nd:YAG laser pulses via photonic bandgap fibers with hollow core was investigated. Evacuation of the core for the first time allowed to increase the peak intensity of the propagating pulses far beyond the breakdown limit of silica yielding 600 &mu;J fiber output with single mode characteristics.
Degradation of wide band-gap electrolumienscent materials by exciton-polaron interactions (Presentation Recording) (2015)

The limited performance stability and gradual loss in the electroluminescence efficiency of OLEDs utilizing wide band-gap materials, such as blue-emitting phosphorescent and fluorescent devices, continues to be a challenge for wider technology adoption. We recently found that interactions between excitons and polarons play an important role in the aging behavior of electroluminescent materials, and that a correlation exists between the susceptibility of these materials to this aging mode and their band-gap. This degradation mode is also found to be often associated with the emergence of new bands - at longer wavelength - in the electroluminescence spectra of the materials, that can often be detected after prolonged electrical driving. Such bands contribute to the increased spectral broadening and color purity loss often observed in these devices over time. Exciton-polaron interactions, and the associated degradation, are also found to occur most significantly in the vicinity of device inter-layer interfaces such as at the interface between the emitter layer and the electron or hole transport layers. New results obtained from investigations of these phenomena in a wide range of commonly used host and guest OLED materials will be presented.
Multiple bonds between main-group elements and transition metals. 48. Synthesis and structural characterization of trioxo(.eta.5-ethyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl)rhenium, a half-sandwich complex of heptavalent rhenium (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple bonds between main-group elements and transition metals. 48. Synthesis and structural characterization of trioxo(.eta.5-ethyltetramethylcyclopentadienyl)rhenium, a half-sandwich complex of heptavalent rheniumJun Okuda, Eberhardt Herdtweck, and Wolfgang A. HerrmannCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 7, 1254–1257Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00280a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00280a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthèse RST à déphasage nul pour la régulation de la qualité d'un réseau électrique (2006)

International audience
ReNew: A Semi-Supervised Framework for Generating Domain-Specific Lexicons and Sentiment Analysis (2014)

The sentiment captured in opinionated text provides interesting and valuable information for social media services. However, due to the complexity and diversity of linguistic representations, it is challenging to build a framework that accurately extracts such sentiment. We propose a semi-supervised framework for generating a domain-specific sentiment lexicon and inferring sentiments at the segment level. Our framework can greatly reduce the human effort for building a domainspecific sentiment lexicon with high quality. Specifically, in our evaluation, working with just 20 manually labeled reviews, it generates a domain-specific sentiment lexicon that yields weighted average F-Measure gains of 3%. Our sentiment classification model achieves approximately 1% greater accuracy than a state-of-the-art approach based on elementary discourse units.
Augmented Reality in Spine Surgery: Current State of the Art (2022)

Augmented reality (AR) is the superimposition of a virtual environment on the real world. The use of AR in spine surgery continues to grow, with multiple companies and products becoming available. The proposed benefits of AR include decreased attention shift, decreased line-of-site interruption, opportunity for more minimally invasive approaches, decreased radiation exposure to the operative team, and improved pedicle screw accuracy. In this review, we examine our institutional experiences with utilization and implementation of some of the current AR products.
Dislocation Density-Based Grain Refinement Modeling of Orthogonal Cutting of Commercially Pure Titanium (2011)

Recently, machining has been exploited as a means for producing ultra-fine grained (UFG) and nanocrystalline microstructures for various metal materials, such as aluminum alloys, copper, stainless steel, titanium and nickel-based super alloys, etc. However, no predictive, analytical or numerical work has ever been presented to quantitatively predict the change of grain sizes during machining. In this paper, a dislocation density-based viscoplastic model is adapted for modeling the grain size refinement mechanism during machining by means of a finite element based numerical framework. A novel Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) finite element model embedded with the dislocation density subroutine is developed to model the severe plastic deformation and grain refinement during a steady-state cutting process. The orthogonal cutting tests of a commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) material are simulated in order to assess the validity of the numerical solution through comparison with experiments. The dislocation density-based material model is calibrated to reproduce the observed material constitutive mechanical behavior of CP Ti under various strains, strain rates and temperatures in the cutting process. It is shown that the developed model captures the essential features of the material mechanical behavior and predicts a grain size of 100–160 nm in the chips of CP Ti at a cutting speed of 10 mm/s.
High Quality Epitaxial Foils, Obtained by a Porous Silicon Based Layer Transfer Process, for Integration in Back Contacted Solar Cells (2012)

The creation of foils by lifting off a thin, high quality layer of a silicon substrate is one of the promising substitutes for wafer sawing to create substrates thinner than 100 μm. The porous silicon-based layer transfer process is a well known method to obtain high quality foils. Despite a number of convincing lab-based solar cell show-cases, there is no breakthrough of this technology at (semi)-industrial level, because of the poor yield of processing free standing foils. This paper presents a method to fabricate back contacted solar cells based on epitaxial foils avoiding processes on free-standing foils. First, a porous silicon layer is electrochemically etched, acting as a weak sacrificial layer to detach the foil that is epitaxially grown on top of the porous silicon layer. An effective lifetime around 100 μs is obtained for those epitaxial foils, indicating sufficiently good quality for solar cell fabrication. Front-side processing is done while the epitaxial foil is still attached to its parent substrate. Crack initiation is obtained by laser scribing the foil. A UV nanosecond pulse laser is used to induce the weakening by scribing trenches. Afterwards, the front-side of the foil is permanently bonded to a quartz carrier by silicone adhesives and detached from its parent substrate. This lift-off process is studied in detail. A yield of around 80% is obtained for samples that went through the process chain up to the detachment step. The rear side of the solar cell is processed while bonded to glass. So far, the rear-side processing sequence was performed on Float-zone reference wafers as a proof of concept and still needs to be applied on epitaxial foils.
Over What Area Did the Oil and Gas Spread During the 2010 Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill? (2016)

Author Posting. © The Oceanography Society, 2016. This article is posted here by permission of The Oceanography Society for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Oceanography 29, no. 3 (2016): 96–107, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2016.74.
Systematic Analysis for the Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants in Cathode Feed on the Performance of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2014)

This paper describes how primary contaminants in ambient air affect the performance of the cathode in fuel cell electric vehicle applications. The effect of four atmospheric pollutants (SO2, NH3, NO2, and CO) on cathode performance was investigated by air impurity injection and recovery test under load. Electrochemical analysis via polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed for various concentrations of contaminants during the impurity test in order to determine the origins of performance decay. The variation in cell voltage derived empirically in this study and data reported in the literature were normalized and juxtaposed to elucidate the relationship between impurity concentration and performance. Mechanisms of cathode degradation by air impurities were discussed in light of the findings.
Islam I (2023)

Der Islam ist heute mit ca. 1,8 Milliarden Gläubigen eine lebendige, schnell wachsende Glaubensgemeinschaft. Der erste Band der dreiteiligen Darstellung des Islam in der Reihe "Die Religionen der Menschheit" beschreibt die Entstehung des Islam, die Wirkung des Propheten Muhammad, den Koran sowie seine komplexe Verflechtung mit der Bibel und die Ausdehnung des Islam zu einer weltweit verbreiteten Religion. In weiteren Kapiteln werden die Herausbildung und Eigenheiten verschiedener Konfessionen kenntnisreich und verständlich dargestellt. Abschließend werden die wichtigsten islamischen Dynastien vorgestellt und ihre Bedeutung für den Islam ebenso wie für ihre nicht-muslimische Umgebung erklärt.
Wireless Displacement Sensing Enabled by Metamaterial Probes for Remote Structural Health Monitoring (2014)

We propose and demonstrate a wireless, passive, metamaterial-based sensor that allows for remotely monitoring submicron displacements over millimeter ranges. The sensor comprises a probe made of multiple nested split ring resonators (NSRRs) in a double-comb architecture coupled to an external antenna in its near-field. In operation, the sensor detects displacement of a structure onto which the NSRR probe is attached by telemetrically tracking the shift in its local frequency peaks. Owing to the NSRR's near-field excitation response, which is highly sensitive to the displaced comb-teeth over a wide separation, the wireless sensing system exhibits a relatively high resolution (<1 µm) and a large dynamic range (over 7 mm), along with high levels of linearity (R2 > 0.99 over 5 mm) and sensitivity (>12.7 MHz/mm in the 1-3 mm range). The sensor is also shown to be working in the linear region in a scenario where it is attached to a standard structural reinforcing bar. Because of its wireless and passive nature, together with its low cost, the proposed system enabled by the metamaterial probes holds a great promise for applications in remote structural health monitoring.