gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PARTIAL DISCHARGES IN A STATOR UNDER SYNTHEZISED VOLTAGE WAVEFORMS (2013)

This paper introduces a novel way of processing results of measurements of partial discharges (PDs) under the action of pulse width modulated waveforms (PWM) that opens for a flexible analysis of data since voltage shapes appearing in-service can be utilized. Several waveforms gradually smoothened towards a sinusoidal voltage shape are exploited to characterize PD properties in the stator of a three phase motor.
Monolayer?by?Monolayer Compositional Analysis of InAs / InAsSb Superlattices with Cross?Sectional STM. (2019)

Abstract not provided.
Analysis of Topology Algorithms for Commercial Airborne Networks (2014)

Civilian Airborne Networks capable of providing network connectivity to users onboard aircraft and users on the ground may soon be viable. We propose a novel airborne network architecture consisting of commercial aircraft and ground station gateways inter-connected with Free-Space Optical Communications (FSOC) links to form a high-bandwidth mesh network. The use of directional FSOC links necessitates explicit topology control, where a protocol must manage which links will point at one another to form connections. The algorithm used by the topology control protocol to form topologies must have low computation time, and must compute topologies that are robust, inclusive, and contain short paths between nodes. We use FAA flight path data for the aircraft en route within the continental United States during a 24-hour period to analyze the properties of airborne mesh networks, and compare candidate topology algorithms. In our simulation an airborne network with ground stations was able to continuously connect over 98% of the air-craft into a mesh network using FSOC links. We propose two new topology algorithms (DCTRT and DCKruskal+Long) which are extensions to existing algorithms. DCKruskal+Long appears to perform best for the metrics measured.
Prevalence of gastric lesions in Western Australian pig herds: an abattoir survey (1999)

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of OGU in pigs from Western Australia (WA) at a commercial abattoir. The hypothesis tested was that the prevalence of lesions would be similar to those reported in other Australian states.
Mask topography effect in chromeless phase lithography (2004)

Different types of phase-shift masks (PSM) in combination with the proper illumination condition are widely used to allow 193nm lithography to print ever-decreasing pitches with a sufficient process window. A viable option for the 65nm node is Chromeless Phase Lithography (CPL), which combines a chromeless phase shift mask and 193nm off-axis illumination. It has been demonstrated that CPL has a high flexibility for through pitch imaging. Also concerning mask making CPL masks showed advantages over alternating and attenuated PSM [1]. This paper discusses how the mask quality and its topography influence the imaging performance of CPL. It is shown that mask topography is an important factor for CPL, as the imaging relies also on the quartz depth differences in the mask. The wafer image is sensitive to phase variations induced by the quartz etch depth and the sidewall profile. Their impact is separately studied using rigorous 3D mask electro-magnetic field simulations (Sigma-C Solid-CM). Correlation of experimental results to simulation explains that the observed pitch-dependent tilt in the Bossung curves is mainly related to the 3D character of the mask. In search for a global compensation valid through pitch, the simulation study also evaluates the effect of other contributors such as lens aberrations in the optical system, assist features and half-toning Cr zebra lines in the design. However, as the tilt is inherent to the CPL mask fabrication, a compensation of the Bossung tilt effect can only be obtained for specific combinations of all sources, as will be shown. We concentrate on the imaging of 70nm lines and 100nm contact holes in pitches ranging from dense up to isolated. The wafers are exposed on an ASML PAS5500/1100 ArF scanner working with a 0.75NA projection lens and various types of off-axis illumination. The wafers are evaluated on a top-down CD SEM (KLA-Tencor 8250XR).
Inertia optimized mirror geometry and compound imaging optics for precision laser scanning (1998)

Precision laser scanning systems are often characterized by the need to scan large fields with small spots at high speed and accuracy. Performance limitations of these systems are due in part to the tendency of well corrected imaging optics to require a large entrance pupil diameter. This in turn requires large high inertia scan mirrors which adversely affect the system dynamic performance. In general, the dynamic performance will be optimum when the inertia is at or near a minimum.
Flow cytometric immunophenotyping of normal and malignant lymphocytes / Immunphänotypisierung normaler und maligner Lymphozyten mittels Durchflusszytometrie (2006)

During the past two decades, flow-cytometric immunophenotyping of lymphocytes evolved from a research technique into routine laboratory diagnostics. Extensive studies in healthy individuals resulted in detailed age-related reference values for different lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood. This is an important tool for the diagnosis of hematological and immunological disorders. Similar albeit less detailed information is now available for other lymphoid organs, e.g., normal bone marrow, lymph nodes, tonsils, thymus and spleen. Flow-cytometric immunophenotyping forms the basis of modern classification of acute and chronic leukemias and is increasingly applied for initial diagnostic work-up of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Finally, with multiparameter flow cytometry it is now possible to identify routinely and reliably low numbers of leukemia and lymphoma cells (minimal residual disease).
Molecular characterization of organoids derived from pancreatic intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (2020)

Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are commonly identified non-invasive cyst-forming pancreatic neoplasms with the potential to progress into invasive pancreatic adenocarcinoma. There are few in vitro models with which to study the biology of IPMNs and their progression to invasive carcinoma. Therefore, we generated a living biobank of organoids from seven normal pancreatic ducts and ten IPMNs. We characterized eight IPMN organoid samples using whole genome sequencing and characterized five IPMN organoids and seven normal pancreatic duct organoids using transcriptome sequencing. We identified an average of 11,344 somatic mutations in the genomes of organoids derived from IPMNs, with one sample harboring 61,537 somatic mutations enriched for T→C transitions and T→A transversions. Recurrent coding somatic mutations were identified in 15 genes, including KRAS, GNAS, RNF43, PHF3, and RBM10. The most frequently mutated genes were KRAS, GNAS, and RNF43, with somatic mutations identified in six (75%), four (50%), and three (37.5%) IPMN organoid samples, respectively. On average, we identified 36 structural variants in IPMN derived organoids, and none had an unstable phenotype (> 200 structural variants). Transcriptome sequencing identified 28 genes differentially expressed between normal pancreatic duct organoid and IPMN organoid samples. The most significantly upregulated and downregulated genes were CLDN18 and FOXA1. Immunohistochemical analysis of FOXA1 expression in 112 IPMNs, 113 mucinous cystic neoplasms, and 145 pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas demonstrated statistically significant loss of expression in low-grade IPMNs (p < 0.0016), mucinous cystic neoplasms (p < 0.0001), and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma of any histologic grade (p < 0.0001) compared to normal pancreatic ducts. These data indicate that FOXA1 loss of expression occurs early in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Our study highlights the utility of organoid culture to study the genetics and biology of normal pancreatic duct and IPMNs. © 2020 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐resolution intravascular MRI‐guided perivascular ultrasound ablation (2019)

IV-MRI-guided, IV-HIFU has potential as a precision treatment option that could preserve critical blood vessel wall during ablation of nonresectable perivascular tumors or other pathologies.
A global strain estimation algorithm for non-invasive vascular ultrasound elastography (2019)

Most strain estimation algorithms are window-based. Within a calculation window, cross-correlation or affine estimations are performed. However, there is always a trade-off between the window size, overlap and computation efficiency. We propose a parameterized affine model to estimate pixel-wise strain globally within the framework of the Horn-Schunck optical flow (OF) estimation, which enables to derive a global strain field efficiently without multiple windowed calculations. In addition, properties of the global pixel-wise estimation provide higher strain imaging resolution. Specifically, global strain fields were parameterized with discrete cosine transform (DCT) descriptions. A cost function including an OF constancy term, a smoothness constrain and a nearly incompressibility term was minimized to derive affine strain components (axial and lateral strains and shears), from which principal strains were determined. For the simulation study, the proposed method provided less estimation errors than the window-based Lagrangian speckle model estimator (LSME). The computation time with the proposed method was also reduced by more than 4 times compared with the LSME. For in vitro experiments, the proposed method was found to be able to detect a 1 mm hard inclusion.
The Effect of Cr, Ni, Fe, and Mn Dopants on the Performance of Hydrothermal Synthesized Vanadium Phosphate Catalysts forn-Butane Oxidation (2010)

Abstract Vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts synthesized via hydrothermal method were introduced with some different dopants, Cr, Ni, Fe, and Mn during the preparation of the precursors, VOHPO4 · 0.5H2O. All modified precursors were subsequently transformed under reaction conditions to give the active phase, (VO)2P2O7. Several techniques were used to characterize the physicochemical properties of the catalysts, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), H2-temperature programmed reduction (TPR), laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS), and chemical analysis. The catalytic performance of the catalysts for selective oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride has been carried out by using a fixed bed microreactor (673 K, gas hourly space velocity [GHSV] = 2,400 hr−1). The results show that the addition of dopants into the VPO catalysts increased the surface area of the catalysts and induced the formation of V5+ phases as shown in XRD and LRS spectra that promoted the catalytic performance. A further water reflux treatment to all the precursors gave catalysts with only (VO)2P2O7 phase. However, the activity and selectivity of these catalysts were reduced markedly.
Transparent amorphous oxide semiconductors for organic electronics: Application to inverted OLEDs (2016)

Efficient electron transfer between a cathode and an active organic layer is one key to realizing high-performance organic devices, which require electron injection/transport materials with very low work functions. We developed two wide-bandgap amorphous (a-) oxide semiconductors, a-calcium aluminate electride (a-C12A7:e) and a-zinc silicate (a-ZSO). A-ZSO exhibits a low work function of 3.5 eV and high electron mobility of 1 cm<sup>2</sup>/(V · s); furthermore, it also forms an ohmic contact with not only conventional cathode materials but also anode materials. A-C12A7:e has an exceptionally low work function of 3.0 eV and is used to enhance the electron injection property from a-ZSO to an emission layer. The inverted electron-only and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices fabricated with these two materials exhibit excellent performance compared with the normal type with LiF/Al. This approach provides a solution to the problem of fabricating oxide thin-film transistor-driven OLEDs with both large size and high stability.
Low-Temperature Capacitor-Over-Interconnect (COI) Modular FeRAM for SOC Application (2004)

A complete capacitor-over-interconnect (COI) modular ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) is demonstrated. A zero switching time transient approach is adopted to extract the HSPICE model files, and a 128-Kb 1T/1C/ 64-Kb 2T/2C dual function test chip is designed. A novel plate line-driven while bit line (BL)-driven operation scheme is used to achieve fast access speed. In order to build the capacitor-over-interconnect (COI) structure, the FeRAM capacitor must be built at <450/spl deg/C. By using a conductive perovskite LaNiO/sub 3/ (LNO) bottom electrode as seed layer, the crystallization temperature of in situ sputter deposited PZT is greatly reduced to 400/spl deg/C/spl sim/450/spl deg/C. This low processing temperature allows the stacking of ferroelectric capacitor on top of CMOS interconnect. The 2Pr value of the low-temperature grown PZT is about 20 /spl mu/C/cm/sup 2/ and provides 130-400 mV of sensing margin even with high BL capacitance of 800 fF.
Analysis of a Switched-Capacitor Second-Order Delta&#8211;Sigma Modulator Using Integrator Multiplexing (2006)

This brief investigates a switched-capacitor (SC) second-order delta-sigma modulator using integrator multiplexing with respect to component imperfections. The two integration operations, which are characteristic for a second-order system are accomplished by multiplexing two integration capacitors C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">U</sub> and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</sub> onto a single operational amplifier. The two feedback loops are implemented utilizing two capacitors C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> , which are charged and discharged periodically. Crosstalk between the two integration capacitors C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">U</sub> and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</sub> due to parasitic capacitances introduces additive white noise. However, the influence can easily be limited using standard SC technology. A mismatch between C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> and C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">B</sub> introduces a dc-offset and a gain error, as derived quantitatively. As a consequence, the robustness to component imperfections, which is typical for second-order delta-sigma modulators, is maintained. It is shown that in principle, integrator multiplexing can be generalized for higher order delta-sigma modulators
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Stable Colchicine-Binding Site Tubulin Inhibitors 6-Aryl-2-benzoyl-pyridines as Potential Anticancer Agents (2021)

We previously reported a potent tubulin inhibitor CH-2-77. In this study, we optimized the structure of CH-2-77 by blocking metabolically labile sites and synthesized a series of CH-2-77 analogues. Two compounds, <b>40a</b> and <b>60c</b>, preserved the potency while improving the metabolic stability over CH-2-77 by 3- to 4-fold (46.8 and 29.4 vs 10.8 min in human microsomes). We determined the high-resolution X-ray crystal structures of <b>40a</b> (resolution 2.3 Å) and <b>60c</b> (resolution 2.6 Å) in complex with tubulin and confirmed their direct binding at the colchicine-binding site. <i>In vitro</i>, <b>60c</b> maintained its mode of action by inhibiting tubulin polymerization and was effective against P-glycoprotein-mediated multiple drug resistance and taxol resistance. <i>In vivo</i>, <b>60c</b> exhibited a strong inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis in a taxol-resistant A375/TxR xenograft model without obvious toxicity. Collectively, this work showed that <b>60c</b> is a promising lead compound for further development as a potential anticancer agent.
NR4A1 suppresses cancer replication stress through R-loop-dependent inhibition of immediate early gene transcriptional elongation (2020)

Abstract Deregulation of oncogenic proliferative signals triggers replication stress in cancer cells to which they must adapt 1,2 . Immediate early genes (IEGs), identified by their rapid stress-induced transient bursts of expression, are critical to integrating downstream signaling pathways 3,4 . In studying tumor initiation by patient-derived breast cancer cells, we observed acquisition of open chromatin domains at the genebody and 3’-UTR of IEGs, uniquely across the genome. Through in vivo and in vitro modeling, we show that the IEG and orphan nuclear receptor NR4A1 5 localizes across multiple IEG genebodies, where it binds to RNA Pol II, arresting transcriptional elongation and generating extensive R-loops and accessible chromatin. Acute stress promptly removes NR4A1 from IEG genebodies, triggering immediate release of their poised transcripts. In breast cancer cells, NR4A1 overexpression increases tumorigenesis; conversely, its deletion leads to uncompensated replication stress, chromosomal instability and mitotic catastrophe, driven by deregulation of its IEG target FOS . A large fraction of primary breast and other cancers exhibit open genebody chromatin at IEGs, consistent with preserved NR4A1 function. Thus, NR4A1 mediates a novel transcriptional elongation checkpoint, unique to stress-induced genes and required for their rapid bursts of expression. Cancers that have retained this mechanism in adapting to chronic replication stress may be dependent on NR4A1 for proliferation.
Postoperative acute kidney injury in adult non-cardiac surgery: joint consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative and PeriOperative Quality Initiative (2021)

Postoperative acute kidney injury (PO-AKI) is a common complication of major surgery that is strongly associated with short-term surgical complications and long-term adverse outcomes, including increased risk of chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular events and death. Risk factors for PO-AKI include older age and comorbid diseases such as chronic kidney disease and diabetes mellitus. PO-AKI is best defined as AKI occurring within 7 days of an operative intervention using the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition of AKI; however, additional prognostic information may be gained from detailed clinical assessment and other diagnostic investigations in the form of a focused kidney health assessment (KHA). Prevention of PO-AKI is largely based on identification of high baseline risk, monitoring and reduction of nephrotoxic insults, whereas treatment involves the application of a bundle of interventions to avoid secondary kidney injury and mitigate the severity of AKI. As PO-AKI is strongly associated with long-term adverse outcomes, some form of follow-up KHA is essential; however, the form and location of this will be dictated by the nature and severity of the AKI. In this Consensus Statement, we provide graded recommendations for AKI after non-cardiac surgery and highlight priorities for future research.
Evaluation of phthalazinone phosphodiesterase inhibitors with improved activity and selectivity against Trypanosoma cruzi (2019)

The findings demonstrate the potential of PDE inhibitors as anti-T. cruzi drug candidates.
Primary Structure, Partial Purification and Regulation of Key Enzymes of the Acetyl Cycle of Arginine Biosynthesis in Bacillus Stearothermophilus: Dual Function of Ornithine Acetyltransferase. (1993)

A 3.4 kb EcoRI fragment, cloned in E. coli, that carries part of a cluster of genes encoding arginine biosynthetic functions of the thermophilic bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus, was sequenced on both strands. The sequence consists of a truncated argC gene, an argJ region encoding a polypeptide with both N-acetylglutamate synthase and ornithine acetyltransferase activities, the argB gene and the N-terminal part of argD. The argB gene encodes a 258-amino-acid polypeptide with a deduced M(r) of 26918. A very high and thermostable N-acetylglutamate 5-phosphotransferase activity was detected in extracts of E. coli arg B mutants transformed with the 3.4 kb fragment on a plasmid. A polypeptide band of M(r) 27,000 was detected by SDS-PAGE of heat-treated extract from such a strain. Both N-acetylglutamate synthase and ornithine acetyltransferase are encoded by the same 1290 bp open reading frame. The deduced sequence of 410 amino acids corresponds to a peptide of M(r) 43,349. The subcloned B. stearothermophilus argJ can complement a double argA argE E. coli mutant to prototrophy. Gel-filtration of a heat-treated extract of the complemented double mutant E. coli host showed that N-acetylglutamate synthase and ornithine acetyltransferase activities co-elute in a single peak corresponding to M(r) 110,000. Both activities were also heat-inactivated at the same temperature and strongly inhibited by ornithine. These results suggest that both activities can be ascribed to a single protein.
A Stochastic-Robust Approach for Resilient Microgrid Investment Planning Under Static and Transient Islanding Security Constraints (2020)

When planning the investment in Microgrids (MGs), usually static security constraints are included to ensure their resilience and ability to operate in islanded mode. However, unscheduled islanding events may trigger cascading disconnections of Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) inside the MG due to the transient response, leading to a partial or full loss of load. In this paper, a min-max-min, hybrid, stochastic-robust investment planning model is proposed to obtain a resilient MG considering both High-Impact-Low-Frequency (HILF) and Low-Impact-High-Frequency (LIHF) uncertainties. The HILF uncertainty pertains to the unscheduled islanding of the MG after a disastrous event, and the LIHF uncertainty relates to correlated loads and DER generation, characterized by a set of scenarios. The MG resilience under both types of uncertainty is ensured by incorporating static and transient islanding constraints into the proposed investment model. The inclusion of transient response constraints leads to a min-max-min problem with a non-linear dynamic frequency response model that cannot be solved directly by available optimization tools. Thus, in this paper, a three-stage solution approach is proposed to find the optimal investment plan. The performance of the proposed algorithm is tested on the CIGRE 18-node distribution network.