gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in Non-Contact Measurement of Creep Properties (2009)

Our team has developed a novel approach to measuring creep at extremely high temperatures using electrostatic levitation (ESL). This method has been demonstrated on niobium up to 2300 C, while ESL has melted tungsten (3400 C). High-precision machined spheres of the sample are levitated in the NASA MSFC ESL, a national user facility, and heated with a laser. The laser is aligned off-center so that the absorbed photons transfer their momentum to the sample, causing it to rotate at up to 250,000+ RPM. The rapid rotation loads the sample through centripetal acceleration, causing it to deform. The deformation of the sample is captured on high-speed video, which is analyzed by machine-vision software from the University of Massachusetts. The deformations are compared to finite element models to determine the constitutive constants in the creep relation. Furthermore, the noncontact method exploits stress gradients within the sample to determine the stress exponent in a single test. This method was validated in collaboration with the University of Tennessee for niobium at 1985 C, with agreement within the uncertainty of the conventional measurements. A similar method is being employed on Ultra-High-Temperature ZrB2- SiC composites, which may see application in rocket nozzles and sharp leading edges for hypersonic vehicles.
Locoregional Chemoradiotherapy of Cancer Using Hydrogel (2011)

Abstract In this chapter, we will demonstrate that in situ hydrogel can be used for local‐regional delivery of chemotherapy and radiotherapy while reducing associated toxicities found with traditional delivery methods. In an attempt to incorporate well‐known slow‐release methodologies for drug delivery with radiotherapy, we highlight our own developed hydrogel that plays two roles in cancer treatment: (1) slow release of chemotherapeutic agents and (2) trapping of therapeutic radionuclides. The findings demonstrate the potential uses of image‐guided therapy in cancer treatment.
Device level 3D-ICs Through Membrane Projected Lithography Using CMOS Compatible Materials. (2015)

Abstract not provided.
Relevance of Pili in Pathogenic Streptococci Pathogenesis and Vaccine Development (2010)

A common mechanism used by bacteria to initiate adhesion to host tissues during colonization is the expression of long filamentous structures extending from their surface. These structures, known as pili or fimbriae, were initially identified in Gram-negative bacteria, and are typically formed by noncovalent interactions between pilin subunits. Pili have only recently been described in Gram-positive bacteria. In particular, in pathogenic streptococci the proteinaceous components of pili are covalently polymerized by the action of sortase enzymes similar to those involved in the covalent attachment of Gram-positive surface proteins to the peptidoglycan cell wall. With great relevance to the development of strategies to combat Gram-positive-associated infections, pilus components from pathogenic streptococci have been shown to induce protective immunity in mouse models of streptococcal disease. In addition, recent papers have created new perspectives on the role of such organelles in streptococcal pathogenesis, from the involvement in colonization and biofilm formation to translocation of tissue barriers. All this information makes the characterization of pili a hot scientific issue that we believe will lead to important future developments in understanding bacterial dynamics that lead to successful occupation of microbial niches.
Expression of potential biomarkers associated with homologous recombination repair in patients with ovarian or triple-negative breast cancer (2016)

BRCA1 expression may be a candidate for a prognostic biomarker in SOC. Further studies are warranted.
Ultrafast Protein Determinations Using Microwave Enhancement (2009)

In this chapter, we describe modifications of existing protein assays that take advantage of microwave irradiation to reduce assay incubation times from the standard 15–60 min down to just seconds (1).
Editor’s Note: Natural Products Chemistry & Research (2017)

From the ancient past of human history, plant products were known to provide the first line of defense for all physical and mental anomalies. With advancement of scientific understanding, researchers have highlighted the chemical nature of various plant natural products and also established some of these compounds to be therapeutic against a variety of diseases. From this beginning, new avenues in the research of natural products have opened up, leading to a renewed interest in detailed chemical investigations of natural products with asyet unknown functional benefits. Natural Products Chemistry & Research is an interdisciplinary scholarly journal that publishes research developments related to the identification, structural and functional characterization of natural products. The journal specifically emphasizes the publication of scientific manuscripts that highlight the possible application of natural products in all aspects of the biomedical sciences.
Neutrophils dominate in opsonic phagocytosis of P. falciparum blood-stage merozoites and protect against febrile malaria (2021)

Antibody-mediated opsonic phagocytosis (OP) of Plasmodium falciparum blood-stage merozoites has been associated with protection against malaria. However, the precise contribution of different peripheral blood phagocytes in the OP mechanism remains unknown. Here, we developed an in vitro OP assay using peripheral blood leukocytes that allowed us to quantify the contribution of each phagocytic cell type in the OP of merozoites. We found that CD14 <sup>+</sup> <sup>+</sup>CD16<sup>-</sup> monocytes were the dominant phagocytic cells at very low antibody levels and Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IIA plays a key role. At higher antibody levels however, neutrophils were the main phagocytes in the OP of merozoites with FcγRIIIB acting synergistically with FcγRIIA in the process. We found that OP activity by neutrophils was strongly associated with protection against febrile malaria in longitudinal cohort studies performed in Ghana and India. Our results demonstrate that peripheral blood neutrophils are the main phagocytes of P. falciparum blood-stage merozoites.
MICROFLUIDIC PROTEIN SEPARATION BY FREE FLOW ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING (2008)

Disposable, inexpensive microfluidic devices have the potential to become a robust tool for proteomic research for separating and identifying proteins and protein complexes. In this work, a preparative scale free flow IEF isoelectric focusing (FFIEF) device was designed, investigated, and optimized. A constant electric field of up to 350V/cm was generated across the separation channel upon optimization. Devivce characteristics, such as the pH gradient of the outlet fraction, heat dispersion efficiency were also characterized. A complex biological sample of whole cell lysate was separated on the microdevice and further evaluated by subsequent 2D gel electrophoresis of particular fractions.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Azine and Azole N-Oxides: Reaction Development, Scope and Applications in Synthesis. (2009)

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phenylacetylene One-Dimensional Nanostructures on the Si(100)-2 × 1:H Surface (2010)

Using ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), many olefins have been shown to self-assemble on the hydrogen-passivated Si(100)-2 x 1 surface into one-dimensional nanostructures. This paper demonstrates that similar one-dimensional nanostructures can also be realized using alkynes. In particular, UHV STM, sum frequency generation (SFG), and density functional theory (DFT) are employed to study the growth mechanism and binding configuration of phenylacetylene (PA) one-dimensional nanostructures on the Si(100)-2 x 1:H surface. Molecular-resolution UHV STM images reveal the binding position and spacing of PA with respect to the underlying silicon dimer rows. Furthermore, UHV STM characterization of heteromolecular one-dimensional nanostructures of styrene and PA shows distinct electronic contrast between the two molecules, which is confirmed using simulated STM images derived from DFT and provides insight into the nature of PA binding to silicon. Additional evidence from SFG measurements corroborates the conclusion that the terminal carbon atoms of PA retain pi-conjugation following reaction to the Si(100)-2 x 1:H surface.
ChemInform Abstract: The Vinylcyclopropane Moiety as an Efficient Intramolecular Trap for Carbocations. A High Yield Process for the Formation of Eleven‐Membered Carbocyclic Structures. (1990)

Abstract The unsaturated carboxylic acid ester (I) is converted to the vinyl cyclopropane (XII) as outlined in the reaction scheme.
Thermal responses of the newborn pig: In vivo comparison of two prototype hybrid systems to standard care neonatal warming (2010)

Objective: Underdeveloped thermoregulatory capability predisposes the preterm infant to metabolic instability. An ideal incubator environment should reduce thermal challenges of routine care. We compared the thermal responses of the newborn pig to clinical manipulations in 2 incubators and the impact of a heating blanket on these responses. Design: Anesthetized, paralyzed, and ventilated newborn pigs were randomized to pre-warmed Caleo® or Giraffe® Omnibed®, with or without a heating blanket, and subjected to warmup and a series of open door perturbations. The temperature variation, time constant, and change in skin temperature were calculated and analyzed by 2-factor analysis of variance. Results: There were no differences between the incubators during warm-up; incubator plus heating blanket decreased the time constant, independent of device. With the side access door open, the change in skin temperature was less in the Caleo®; the heating blanket attenuated the change in skin temperature in both devices. Conclusion: These data demonstrate device and clinical manipulation-dependent differences in the thermal responses of the newborn pig.
The Story of Lescol:  From Research to Production (2001)

Process R&D transformed a research synthesis of fluvastatin into a commercial process. The major hurdle in the synthesis was the stereoselectivity of the syn-diol formation. The problem was attacked and solved from three directions. First, a method was developed that separated the syn and anti isomers that did not require chromatography. Second, a new, totally stereoselective synthesis, starting with phloroglucinol, was designed to produce the side-chain containing the syn-diol. And third, a new and general stereoselective reaction was invented for the reduction of β-hydroxy ketones to syn-diols. The 99% syn-selectivity of this reaction was achieved with sodium borohydride as the reducing agent, diethylmethoxyboron as the chelating agent, and tetrahydrofuran and methanol as solvents in a 4:1 ratio, at −70 °C. The final process was only six steps long, entirely stereoselective in both the E-olefin and syn-diol formation, and required no chromatography. The cost of the synthesis was thus reduced by a factor of 14.
Theory and practice of ubiquitous quantitative chemical analysis using conventional computer optical disk drives (2007)

We demonstrate a new attractive approach for ubiquitous quantitative chemical or biological sensing when analog signals are acquired from conventional optical disk drives, and these signals are used for quantitative detection of optical changes of sensing films deposited on conventional CD and DVD optical disks. Our developed analytical model of the operation of this Lab-on-DVD system describes the optical response of sensing films deposited onto the read surface of optical disks by taking into account the practical aspects of system performance that include possible reagent leaching effects, water sampling (delivering) efficiency, and possible changes of the film morphology after water removal. By applying a screen-printing process, we demonstrated a laboratory-scale automated production of sensing films with an average thickness of approximately 10 microm and a thickness relative standard deviation of <3% across multiple films. Finally, we developed a system for delivery of water-sample volumes to sensing films on the disk that utilized a multifunctional jewel case assembly.
Influence of growth temperature on the production of antibody Fab fragments in different microbes: A host comparative analysis (2010)

Microorganisms encounter diverse stress conditions in their native habitats but also during fermentation processes, which have an impact on industrial process performance. These environmental stresses and the physiological reactions they trigger, including changes in the protein folding/secretion machinery, are highly interrelated. Thus, the investigation of environmental factors, which influence protein expression and secretion is still of great importance. Among all the possible stresses, temperature appears particularly important for bioreactor cultivation of recombinant hosts, as reductions of growth temperature have been reported to increase recombinant protein production in various host organisms. Therefore, the impact of temperature on the secretion of proteins with therapeutic interest, exemplified by a model antibody Fab fragment, was analyzed in five different microbial protein production hosts growing under steady-state conditions in carbon-limited chemostat cultivations. Secretory expression of the heterodimeric antibody Fab fragment was successful in all five microbial host systems, namely Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia pastoris, Trichoderma reesei, Escherichia coli and Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis. In this comparative analysis we show that a reduction of cultivation temperature during growth at constant growth rate had a positive effect on Fab 3H6 production in three of four analyzed microorganisms, indicating common physiological responses, which favor recombinant protein production in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic microbes.
Tire-Wear Control in Aircraft via Active Braking (2020)

In ground vehicles, tire consumption is, in general, mainly due to the mileage covered, and in fact, the life span of tires, at least in common situations, is rather long. In the aeronautical context, and for aircraft in particular, instead, tire consumption plays a crucial role in determining the maintenance costs. This is due to the fact that, in aircraft braking, nearly all maneuvers activate the antiskid controller, which remains in use for long time intervals. In ground vehicles, instead, anti-lock braking systems (ABS) are usually active for short time intervals that cover a part of the braking maneuvers only. Thus, tire consumption in the automotive context is usually studied under constant speed assumptions. In this article, we formulate a tire consumption model that encompasses explicitly the wheel acceleration/deceleration dynamics and show that tire wear can be directly related to the antiskid controller parameters. Based on this, a sensitivity analysis of tire consumption versus braking performance is carried out, showing that, using an appropriate antiskid control approach, one may directly formulate the braking problem as a tire consumption regulation one, being sure that the resulting braking performance will have an a priori guaranteed outcome. The tire-wear model is also validated in an experimental setting.
Mechanistic Investigation of Molybdenum Disulfide Defect Photoluminescence Quenching by Adsorbed Metallophthalocyanines (2021)

Lattice defects play an important role in determining the optical and electrical properties of monolayer semiconductors such as MoS<sub>2</sub>. Although the structures of various defects in monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> are well studied, little is known about the nature of the fluorescent defect species and their interaction with molecular adsorbates. In this study, the quenching of the low-temperature defect photoluminescence (PL) in MoS<sub>2</sub> is investigated following the deposition of metallophthalocyanines (MPcs). The quenching is found to significantly depend on the identity of the phthalocyanine metal, with the quenching efficiency decreasing in the order CoPc > CuPc > ZnPc, and almost no quenching by metal-free H<sub>2</sub>Pc is observed. Time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) measurements corroborate the observed trend, indicating a decrease in the defect PL lifetime upon MPc adsorption, and the gate voltage-dependent PL reveals the suppression of the defect emission even at large Fermi level shifts. Density functional theory modeling argues that the MPc complexes stabilize dark negatively charged defects over luminescent neutral defects through an electrostatic local gating effect. These results demonstrate the control of defect-based excited-state decay pathways via molecular electronic structure tuning, which has broad implications for the design of mixed-dimensional optoelectronic devices.
Cooperative Game Models of the Influence of the Closed Rule in Three Person, Majority Rule Committees: Theory and Experiment (1978)

Many committees operate through subcommittees which are&#13;\ncharged with the task of gathering information, debating the&#13;\nissues, and finally drafting motions for consideration and&#13;\nratification by the committee of the whole. No doubt this&#13;\nprocess saves time and enhances the ability of the entire&#13;\ndecision-making body to address many issues, but a cursory&#13;\napplication of game theory suggests that it may also change&#13;\nsubstantially the character of decisions made by the larger&#13;\ncommittee. That is, the theory implies that even if the committee of the whole took an extraordinary amount of time&#13;\non each decision, gathering information and debating the&#13;\nissues, the resulting decisions might deviate substantially&#13;\nfrom those that would have emerged from a subcommittee&#13;\nprocess.
Techno-economic analysis comparison of comminution of wood chips using a hammer mill and a rotary shear (2016)

Preprocessing is a crucial step in the utilization of biomass feedstocks for the production of fuel and biomaterials [1]. Size reduction and drying of the material, where used, are two of the most costly and energy intensive operations that are undertaken during preprocessing, reduction of the energy usage during these two phases will reduce cost of processing and ultimately reduce the overall cost to the final user. Traditionally, a hammer mill has been the primary method used for secondary size reduction. For wet material, a hammer mill requires high amounts of energy, while for dry material the hammer mill produces a large quantity of small particles [2]. In both cases, the costs increase either from additionally needed fuel cost or from the cost of lost material. In effort to lower the cost for size reduction, a rotary shear has been developed for the comminution of biomass feedstocks. The rotary shear utilizes interlocking, rotating disk that shear the material rather than using impact to reduce the particle size of the materials. Because the material is size reduced using a cutting motion, rather than impact, the distribution of particle sizes is much narrower than produced by hammer mills.
An automated fabrication strategy to create patterned tubular architectures at cell and tissue scales (2015)

The use of materials to impose tissue-like architecture at cell resolution will be important if engineered functional replacements for damaged cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal or digestive tissues are to be authentically engineered. Here, we demonstrate a coordinated system for the fabrication and subsequent culture of tubular tissues composed of multiple layers, cell-types and materials with physiological dimensions and defined architectures at cell resolution. We developed an automated tube fabricator that rolls 2D-matrices into 3D-tubular constructs directly from cells, hydrogels and scaffold biomaterials. Coordinated use of surface modification strategies allows 2D cell sheets and cell/biomaterial composites (i.e. hydrogels or electrospun scaffolds) to be fabricated which may be transferred into a perfusion bioreactor in a rapid and standardized procedure. To exemplify our strategy we fabricated structures resembling human mammary artery and gut; these can be imaged in situ and real-time electrical resistance measurements performed of the vessel walls, allowing non-invasive assessment of viability and functionality. Our system allows patterning at cellular resolution with variable tissue thickness, length, luminal diameter, and constituent biomaterial. This inherent flexibility will allow the recapitulation of the complex hierarchical biological architectures and generate functionality found natively in vivo.
Bandwidth Enhancement of a Folded Monopole Antenna with an Iron Tower (2021)

This paper discusses bandwidth enhancement of a folded monopole antenna using an iron tower (FMAIT). First, the impedance of the FMAIT with one wire is analyzed by electromagnetic (EM) and circuit simulations. It is shown that the bandwidth can be expanded by reducing the step-up ratio in an equivalent circuit of the FMAIT. Then, the FMAIT with three driven-wires is proposed to reduce the step-up ratio. It is verified by EM simulation that the bandwidth enhancement can be achieved by separating wires from each other.
Pseudomonas putida: Sensitivity to Various Antibiotics, Genetic Diversity, Virulence, and Role of Formic Acid to Modulate the Immune-Antioxidant Status of the Challenged Nile tilapia Compared to Carvacrol Oil (2022)

The Pseudomonas putida strain was primarily identified and tested in vitro against antibiotic sensitivity for several antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. This isolate was also tested against sensitivity to carvacrol oil (c) and formic acid (f). The genotyping of Pseudomonas spp. and virulotyping for P. putida isolate was carried out and verified by 16S rDNA-PCR amplification. Furthermore, we assessed the efficacy of carvacrol oil and formic acid in vivo for treatment of P. Putida infection. For the in vivo challenge, 180 fish (Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus) were divided into six groups: (G1: control (unchallenged), G2: carvacrol prophylaxis (3 g/kg), G3: formic acid prophylaxis (5 mL/kg), G4: control positive (challenged), G5: carvacrol treatment (3 g/kg), and G6: formic acid treatment (5 mL/kg); 30 fish per group) with three replicates. Following the challenge, nitric oxide and lysozyme activity were measured as essential indicators for fish immunity. The antioxidant parameters including SOD and catalase were computed to reflect the antioxidant status. Furthermore, relative percent survival (RPS) and mortality percent were evaluated to indicate functional immunity. The findings of the antibiotic sensitivity test showed that ciprofloxacin exhibited the largest inhibition zone. Additionally, formic acid (f) displayed the greatest inhibition zone compared to carvacrol oil (c) and was more effective in stimulating the immune-antioxidant response compared to carvacrol oil. The tested exotoxin A (tox A), exoenzyme S (exo S), and the nan1 associated-virulence genes were identified in the P. putida isolate. Overall, the current study verified the virulence of P. putida and highlighted the promising role of dietary addition of formic acid for enhancing the immune-antioxidant indicators and for mitigating P. putida infection. Future studies could be devoted to this field.