gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cyclometalated Platinum(II) β‐Diketonate Complexes with Extremely High External Quantum Efficiency for White Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2021)

Abstract Three cyclometalated Pt(II) β‐diketonate compounds with sky‐blue to green phosphorescence are prepared by modifying the substituents of the 2′,6′‐dimethoxy‐2,3′‐bipyridine (OMe 2 pypy, C^N) chelate ligand. These molecules have the general formula Pt(C^N)(O^O), where O^O = acetylacetonate; one is unsubstituted ( 1 ), one possesses a trimethylsilyl (TMS) substituent ( 2 ), and the other is substituted with dimesitylboron (BMes 2 ) ( 3 ). The intermolecular interactions of 2 are greater than those of 1 and 3 , based on color mapping and surface area results from Hirshfeld analyses. Time‐dependent density functional theory calculations reveal that the electronic transitions of monomeric 1 and 3 are predominantly intraligand or ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer mixed with metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer transitions, while for the dimeric forms, dimeric 2 , an additional strong metal–metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer transition is observed. White organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) devices using an 1,3‐bis( N ‐carbazolyl)benzene (mCP) or mCP:TSPO1(diphenyl[4‐(triphenylsilyl)phenyl]phosphine oxide) mixed host and 1 – 3 as dopants are fabricated. With a dopant concentration of 20 wt% in the emissive layer, compound 2 exhibited bright yellow–green emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 24.9%. This result corresponds to one of the highest EQEs among the reported C^N chelated Pt(II) β‐diketonate‐based WOLEDs.
Crystallographic mechanisms of fracture in a textured polycrystalline TiNi shape memory alloy (2007)

The crystallographic mechanisms of the crack initiation and propagation in a textured polycrystalline TiNi shape memory alloy were studied using scanning electron microscope and ex situ electron backscattered diffraction techniques. The results indicated that stress-induced martensitic transformation was triggered and formed a sandwich structure at the front of the crack tip prior to the crack initiation in the polycrystalline TiNi alloy. The crack propagated intragranularly and occasionally across the grain boundaries. The closed packed planes of the B2 parent phase such as {110} and {100} were revealed to favor the crack propagation. The stress-induced B2+B19′ sandwich structure determined the crack propagated by a microscopic sawtooth pattern and therefore a ductile feature in this textured polycrystalline TiNi sheet specimen.
Myocardial Thinning in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease—Reply (2013)

In Reply We agree that following an acute MI, infarct healing and wall thinning may not be completed for weeks to months. In our population, patients with an acute MI within 2 weeks of potential enrollment were excluded, and 71% of enrolled patients had a history of prior MI.
The alpha v beta 1 integrin functions as a fibronectin receptor but does not support fibronectin matrix assembly and cell migration on fibronectin (2020)

The fibronectin receptor, alpha 5 beta 1, has been shown to be required for fibronectin matrix assembly and plays an important role in cell migration on fibronectin. However, it is not clear whether other fibronectin binding integrins can take the place of alpha 5 beta 1 during matrix assembly and cell migration. To test this, we expressed the human alpha v subunit in the CHO cell line CHO-B2 that lacks the alpha 5 subunit. We found that the human alpha v combined with CHO cell beta 1 to form the integrin alpha v beta 1. Cells that expressed alpha v beta 1 attached to and spread well on fibronectin-coated dishes, but did so less well on vitronectin-coated dishes. This, along with other data, indicated that alpha v beta 1 functions as a fibronectin receptor in CHO-B2 cells. The alpha v beta 1-expressing cells failed to produce a fibronectin matrix or to migrate on fibronectin, although the same cells transfected with alpha 5 do produce a matrix and migrate on fibronectin. The affinity of the alpha v beta 1-expressing cells for fibronectin was fourfold lower than that of the alpha 5 beta 1- expressing cells. In addition, alpha v beta 1 was distributed diffusely throughout the cell surface, whereas alpha 5 beta 1 was localized to focal adhesions when cells were seeded onto fibronectin-coated surfaces. Thus, of the two fibronectin receptors, alpha v beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1, only alpha 5 beta 1 supports fibronectin matrix assembly and promotes cell migration on fibronectin in the CHO-B2 cells. Possible reasons for this difference in the activities of alpha v beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1 include the lower affinity of alpha v beta 1 for fibronectin and the failure of this integrin to localize in adhesion plaques on a fibronectin substrate. These results show that two integrins with similar ligand specificities and cell attachment functions may be quite different in their ability to support fibronectin matrix assembly and cell motility on fibronectin.
Interfaces for Disk-Directed I/O (1995)

In other papers I propose the idea of disk-directed I/O for multiprocessor file systems. Those papers focus on the performance advantages and capabilities of disk-directed I/O, but say little about the application-programmer''s interface or about the interface between the compute processors and I/O processors. In this short note I discuss the requirements for these interfaces, and look at many existing interfaces for parallel file systems. I conclude that many of the existing interfaces could be adapted for use in a disk-directed I/O system.
Bacterial Biofilms in the Biliary System (1995)

Cholangitis consists of bacterial infection of bile in the biliary system. The syndrome of acute cholangitis has been well recognized since Charcot (1877) described the classical triad of pain, fever and jaundice in these patients. It is an important cause of abdominal emergency cases and septicaemia with a high rate of morbidity and mortality (Li et al. 1985; French et al. 1990). Biliary obstruction, due to gallstones obstructing the bile ducts, or to benign or malignant stricture of the biliary tract, is an essential element in the development of cholangitis. In the past decade, endoscopic drainage by biliary stenting has become a standard procedure in palliation for inoperable biliary malignancies and some cases of large biliary stones causing obstructive jaundice. Unfortunately, there is an increased incidence of cholangitis related to the blockage of the biliary stents with the use of this technique (Huibregtse et al. 1986; Cotton 1990). Some studies have revealed that the pathogenesis of pigment gallstones (Stewart et al. 1987; Leung et al. 1988), and the blockage of the biliary stents (Leung et al. 1988; Speer et al. 1988) are closely related to the formation of bacterial biofilms in which the glycocalyx enclosed microcolonies coalesce to form an adherent structure (Jacques et al. 1987). This chapter reviews the present knowledge of the microbial ecology of the biliary system, formation of bacterial biofilm from bacterial infection within this system, the pathogenesis of brown biliary pigment stone and blockage of the biliary stent.
Prologue (2003)

This journal supplement was conceived to serve as an enduring presentation associated with the American Society of Andrology 28th Annual Meeting's Postgraduate Course entitled “Erectile Dysfunction and Androgens.” A primary theme of the course centered on the relationship between erection physiology and androgens, with consideration of the most current concepts relating to these subject areas. Indeed, great debate has persisted regarding whether androgens necessarily influence the erection response. In an attempt to move toward the answer, the course was assembled with the assignment for presenters to examine the facts supporting this relationship, acknowledge deficiencies in knowledge within these areas, and suggest critical aspects for further scientific investigation. An additional objective of the course generated from the recognition that the field of sexual medicine has been dramatically transformed by scientific accomplishments in erection physiology over the past decade, providing the critical foundation for the emergence of oral pharmacotherapy for erectile dysfunction. The course provided an opportunity to review the science of phosphodiesterase-5 biology in penile erection and update the application of currently developed phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapy in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. By design, the course contained a series of basic science presentations intended to represent major regulatory levels of erection physiology. These presentations provided background for the clinical content to follow oriented toward behavioral modifications and pharmacologic interventions in the management of erectile dysfunction. As would be expected, particular roles for androgen replacement and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor therapy in men with erectile dysfunction were highlighted. Words of appreciation are accorded all presenters, experts in their respective subject areas, whose solid contributions brought this supplement to fruition. Conceivably, the supplement will acceptably serve as an enduring resource for those attending the course to review and for those unable to attend the course to consult. Special thanks is due the corporate sponsors for the course and the supplement, Bayer, Lilly ICOS, and Pfizer. Without their assistance, this achievement would not have been possible.
Conjecture on the Design of Helical Proteins (2020)

In an important advance in our understanding of protein folding, Wolynes and Onuchic found that the frustration ratio, <i>T</i><sub>f</sub>/<i>T</i><sub>s</sub>, for funneled energy landscapes is <i>T</i><sub>f</sub>/<i>T</i><sub>s</sub> ∼1.6. In our recent work on four heme proteins, we showed that when a protein unfolds from the native state to an early unfolded state, the degree of departure is characterized by a ratio <i>f</i> ∼1.6, where <i>f</i> is a measure of the elongation of <i>n</i>-residue segments of the polypeptide chain. Our analysis, which accounts for this apparent similarity in calculated signatures, is based on a logistic-map model of unfolding. We offer an important take home for the <i>de novo</i> protein synthesis community: in order to increase the probability of obtaining good quality crystals, nearest-neighbor repulsive interactions between adjacent residues (or sequences of residues) in the polypeptide chain must be propagated correctly.
Serological Evidence of Human Infection with Avian Influenza A H7virus in Egyptian Poultry Growers (2016)

Avian influenza viruses circulate widely in birds, with occasional human infections. Poultry-exposed individuals are considered to be at high risk of infection with avian influenza viruses due to frequent exposure to poultry. Some avian H7 viruses have occasionally been found to infect humans. Seroprevalence of neutralizing antibodies against influenza A/H7N7 virus among poultry-exposed and unexposed individuals in Egypt were assessed during a three-years prospective cohort study. The seroprevalence of antibodies (titer, ≥80) among exposed individuals was 0%, 1.9%, and 2.1% annually while the seroprevalence among the control group remained 0% as measured by virus microneutralization assay. We then confirmed our results using western blot and immunofluorescence assays. Although human infection with H7 in Egypt has not been reported yet, our results suggested that Egyptian poultry growers are exposed to avian H7 viruses. These findings highlight the need for surveillance in the people exposed to poultry to monitor the risk of zoonotic transmission of avian influenza viruses.
Integration of speaker and speech recognition systems (1991)

A combination of a high-performance speaker identification system and an isolated word recognizer is presented. The front-end text-independent speaker identification system determines the most likely speaker for an input word. The speaker identity is then used to choose the reference word models for the speech recognizer. When used with a closed set of speakers, the combination is capable of automatically producing speech and speaker identification. For an open set of speakers, the speaker recognition system acts as speaker quantizer which associates the unknown speaker with an acoustically similar speaker. The matching speaker's word models are used in the speech recognizer. The application of this front-end speaker recognizer is described for a DTW and HMM speech recognizer. Results on a combination using a DTW word recognizer are 100% for closed set experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analysis of Oct2‐Isoform Expression in Lipopolysaccharide‐Stimulated B Lymphocytes (1994)

Oct2-isoform expression in splenic B cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide plus phorbol-di-butyrate was analysed by cDNA cloning. The frequency of Oct2-positive clones was 1/15,000 in both libraries. Two new isoforms were found that generate novel amino- or carboxy-terminal sequences. An isoform lacking exon 11 destroyed the carboxy-terminal leucin-zipper region and introduced a frame shift creating a novel, proline-rich carboxy terminus. A new exon containing a highly basic region (4c) was characterized, between exons 4 and 5. This exon was inserted between glutamine-rich regions 2 and 3, carboxy terminal of a tentative leucine-zipper structure. In addition, a new combination isoform containing Oct2a's amino terminal insert (exon 7a) and Oct2b's carboxy terminal insert (exon 13) was found that created a novel large isoform, Oct2ab. More frequent use of the classical Oct2a and Oct2b isoforms was observed in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated B cells, while a preference for the Oct2ab and Oct2ba isoforms was observed in lipopolysaccharide plus phorbol-di-butyrate-treated cells.
Surface Charge Investigation of Reservoir Rock Minerals (2021)

The reservoir rock is made up of different minerals and its surface chemistry is influenced by the reservoir environment. Well operations implemented during the life of a field induce changes in the reservoir environment (pH) that affect the minerals, resulting in a change of their surface chemistry. These changes result in wettability alterations, which have a significant effect on the overall production. Thus, this research provides insight into the behavior of calcite, feldspar, barite, dolomite, quartz, and sand in varying pH environments to ascertain the effect of pH change on mineral surface charge. This study employed ζ-potential measurements as a measure of the wettability alteration. The findings reveal that these rock minerals have their charge development controlled by mineral dissolution, ionic specie adsorption, and double-layer compression. Furthermore, the rock contacting mineral is critical in the wettability alteration, and an understanding of the effect of well operations on rock surface chemistry is critical.
An alternative implementation of the reference monitor concept (military messaging, secure) (2003)

Research into the multilevel secure automated exchange of military messages is reported. This work represents approaches to 'designed-in security that are not based on the security kernal and Bell/LaPadula model approaches that have dominated military message systems and the industry. Instead, the approach is based on the concept of a network of communicating finite-state machines. The resulting product is the military message embedded executive (ME2), and its supporting hardware base, the trusted military message processor. Beyond its state machine architecture it is suggested that the (ME2) is additionally unique for its attention to the process security requirements of embedded computers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Volumetric Raman Spectral Imaging With a Confocal Raman Microscope: Image Modalities and Applications (1997)

Abstract Confocal Raman microscopy is an invaluable tool for non-invasive three-dimensional (3-D) analysis and visualization of chemically heterogeneous samples. The confocal Raman microscope (CRM) combines focused laser illumination with spatially filtered detection to define in the sample a localized volume element (voxel) from which scattered or reflected light is detected. Attenuation of light from outside the voxel by the pinhole spatial filter increases image contrast and results in voxel sizes typically &amp;lt;10−18 m3. Moving the specimen relative to the voxel and recording the scattered light Raman spectrum at each scan position generates a Raman spectrally-encoded 3-D sample image for non-invasive in situ differentiation between optically similar yet chemically distinct materials. The motivation for the present work stems from our application of continuum modeling techniques as the mathematical framework for development of physiologically realistic biosystem models. A Type 2 correlation-based confocal scanning laser microscope (CSLM) integrated with a high performance, parallel-drive micro-motion robot (MR-1) was built for spatially-distributed acquisition of optical and mechanical data within a &amp;lt; 1 mm3 workspace volume.
New Bounds and Constructions for Granular Media Coding (2015)

Improved lower and upper bounds on the size and the rate of grain-correcting codes are presented. The lower bound is Gilbert-Varshamov-like combined with a construction by Gabrys et al., and it improves on the previously best known lower bounds on the asymptotic rate of ⌈τn⌉-grain-correcting codes of length n on the interval [0, 0.0668]. One of the two newly presented upper bounds improves on the best known upper bounds on the asymptotic rate of ⌈τn⌉-grain-correcting codes of length n on the interval τ ∈ (0, 1/8] and meets the lower bound of 1/2 for τ ≥ 1/8. Moreover, in a nonasymptotic regime, both upper bounds improve on the previously best known results on the largest size of t-grain-correcting codes of length n, for certain values of n and t. Constructions of 1-grain-correcting codes based on a partitioning technique are presented for lengths up to 18. Finally, a lower bound of 1/2 log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> n on the minimum redundancy of ∞-grain-detecting codes of length n is presented.
Remote optical sensing on the nanometer scale with a bowtie aperture nano-antenna on a fiber tip of scanning near-field optical microscopy (2015)

Plasmonic nano-antennas have proven the outstanding ability of sensing chemical and physical processes down to the nanometer scale. Sensing is usually achieved within the highly confined optical fields generated resonantly by the nano-antennas, i.e., in contact to the nanostructures. In this paper, we demonstrate the sensing capability of nano-antennas to their larger scale environment, well beyond their plasmonic confinement volume, leading to the concept of “remote” (non contact) sensing on the nanometer scale. On the basis of a bowtie-aperture nano-antenna (BNA) integrated at the apex of a SNOM (Scanning Near-field Optical Microscopy) fiber tip, we introduce an ultra-compact, moveable, and background-free optical nanosensor for the remote sensing of a silicon surface (up to distance of 300 nm). Sensitivity of the BNA to its large scale environment is high enough to expect the monitoring and control of the spacing between the nano-antenna and a silicon surface with sub-nanometer accuracy. This work paves the way towards an alternative class of nanopositioning techniques, based on the monitoring of diffraction-free plasmon resonance, that are alternative to nanomechanical and diffraction-limited optical interference-based devices.
Reviewers (2007)

Commercial software development is a complex task that requires a thorough understanding of the architecture of the software system. We analyze the Windows Server 2003 operating system in order to assess the relationship between its software dependencies, churn measures and post-release failures. Our analysis indicates the ability of software dependencies and churn measures to be efficient predictors of post-release failures. Further, we investigate the relationship between the software dependencies and churn measures and their ability to assess failure-proneness probabilities at statistically significant levels.
High Throughput Connectomics (Dagstuhl Seminar 18481) (2019)

The structure of the nervous system is extraordinarily complicated because individual neurons are interconnected to hundreds or even thousands of other cells in networks that can extend over large volumes. Mapping such networks at the level of synaptic connections, a field called connectomics, began in the 1970s and has recently garnered general interest thanks to technical and computational advances that offer the possibility of mapping mammalian brains. However, modern connectomics produces `big data' that must be analyzed at unprecedented rates, and will require, as with genomics at the time, breakthrough algorithmic and computational solutions. This workshop will bring together key researchers in the field, and experts from related fields, in order to understand the problems at hand and provide new approaches towards the design of high throughput systems for mapping the micro-connectivity of the brain.
Exploiting Interactions of Multiple Interference for Cooperative Interference Alignment (2021)

Wireless networks are usually deployed to cover more overlapping areas, experiencing severe interferences and hence making interference management essential for their viability. Interference alignment (IA) is an effective way of interference management and has thus received significant attention. With IA, at least one degree-of-freedom (DoF) should be used to place the aligned interferences. However, when multiple interferences are from one identical transmitter and to a common destination, IA is not applicable under a one-DoF cost constraint. If these interfering signals are aligned in the same direction at the interfered receiver, they will also overlap with each other at their intended receiver, thus becoming indistinguishable. Moreover, IA is realized by adjusting the spatial feature of disturbance, hence incurring co-channel interference to the interfering transmission-pair’s own communication. To solve this problem, we propose <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">cooperative IA</i> . Instead of adjusting the spatial characteristics of all interferences, we aim to achieve IA by adjusting interferences’ strength along with one or none interference’s signature, based on the interactions among multiple wireless disturbances. We propose two cooperative IA schemes: cooperative IA with space-power adjustment and cooperative IA with power adjustment. With the first method, the overall effect of all interferences is aligned in the orthogonal direction with respect to the desired signal at the interfered receiver. This method modifies the direction of one interference with a properly designed precoding vector and the strength of all interferences via power allocation. Under the second scheme, the strength of all interfering signals is modified so that the overall effect of multiple interferences is orthogonal to the desired transmission while guaranteeing the orthogonality among the interfering signals at their intended receiver. Our theoretical analysis and in-depth simulation have shown that the proposed schemes can effectively manage multiple interferences from an identical source while achieving good performance of the interfering transmission-pair.