gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Developing a Series of AI Challenges for the United States Department of the Air Force (2022)

American leadership in AI. These broad strategy documents have influenced organizations such as the United States Department of the Air Force (DAF). The DAF-MIT AI Accelerator is an initiative between the DAF and MIT to bridge the gap between AI researchers and DAF mission requirements. Several projects supported by the DAF-MIT AI Accelerator are developing public challenge problems that address numerous Federal AI research priorities. These challenges target priorities by making large, AI-ready datasets publicly available, incentivizing open-source solutions, and creating a demand signal for dual use technologies that can stimulate further research. In this article, we describe these public challenges being developed and how their application contributes to scientific advances.
New Insight into Single-Event Radiation Failure Mechanisms in Silicon Carbide Power Schottky Diodes and MOSFETs (2020)

Ion-induced leakage current degradation, and single-event burnout may be manifestestations of the same device mechanisms in both silicon carbide power diodes and MOSFETs. In all cases there is a migration of the electrical field from the front body-drain interface to the back epi-drain n+ interface, with a peak exceeding the critical electric field of silicon carbide, causing avalanche generation which enables high short-duration power densities during an approximate 20 psec window after the ion strike. The degradation effect in JBS SiC diodes seems to be independent of the length of the epitaxial region for different voltage-rated diodes.
MOSAIC: A Platform for Monitoring and Security Analytics in Public Clouds (2016)

Public clouds have enabled a number of new computing-intensive applications (e.g., personalized medicine, real-time speech recognition and machine translation) that positively impact our daily lives. Compared to traditional computing environments, public clouds offer many economical advantages to both users and service providers. However, the shared, large-scale infrastructure of public clouds amplifies well-known security risks and introduces new security threats compared to traditional organizational networks or private clouds.
Strong-Field Effects in the Rabi Oscillations of the Superconducting Phase Qubit (2007)

Rabi oscillations have been observed in many superconducting devices, and represent prototypical logic operations for quantum bits (qubits) in a quantum computer. We use a three-level multiphoton analysis to understand the behavior of the superconducting phase qubit (current-biased Josephson junction) at high microwave drive power. Analytical and numerical results for the ac Stark shift, single-photon Rabi frequency, and two-photon Rabi frequency are compared to measurements made on a dc SQUID phase qubit with Nb/AlO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> /Nb tunnel junctions. Good agreement is found between theory and experiment.
NANOSTRUCTURED CERAMICS THROUGH SELF-ASSEMBLY (2005)

The length scales defining structure and organization determine the fundamental characteristics of a material. Traditional ceramic materials exhibit organization on two length scales: the atomic scale, e.g., the unit cell of the crystal or the local arrangement of amorphous materials, and the scale of the grain size within the composite, typically much longer length and on the order of micrometers or greater. In biogenic materials, however, we observe a much broader range of organizational length scales: (1) a hierarchical organization always starts at the nanometer length scale, in which case, nanostructural design is the building block of larger scale composite structures; and (2) the nested levels of structural hierarchy appear to yield improved properties for particular functions (Aksay et al. 1994; NAP 1994). In biogenic systems, nanostructural design is accomplished through the self-assembly of organics. Inorganic structures form via template-assisted self-assembly, where self-assembled organic material (e.g., proteins and/or lipids) form the structural scaffolding for the deposition of inorganic material (Sarikaya and Aksay 1994; Sarikaya and Aksay 1992). Organic materials are organized on length scales of 1100 nm and used as frameworks for specifically oriented and shaped inorganic crystals (i.e., ceramics such as hydroxyapatite, CaCO3, SiO2, and Fe3O4)
In Silico Modeling of Metabolic State in Single Th17 Cells Reveals Novel Regulators of Inflammation and Autoimmunity (2020)

Abstract Cellular metabolism is a major regulator of immune response, but it is difficult to study the metabolic status of an individual immune cell using current technologies. Here, we present Compass, an algorithm to characterize the metabolic landscape of single cells in silico based on single-cell RNA-Seq and flux balance analysis. We used Compass to study the landscape of metabolic heterogeneity in Th17 cells and search for novel metabolic regulators of their inflammatory function. In central carbon metabolism, Compass predicted a metabolic switch between glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation that mirrors the Th17 vs. Treg phenotype, which we validated through transcriptomic, metabolic and functional assays. The TCA cycle was predicted to break at two points, both of which have been independently identified by other groups in M1 macrophage polarization. Surprisingly, and contrary to common immunometabolic understanding, Compass predicted that glycolysis too was divided into functional modules, and that one of them supported an anti-inflammatory phenotype. We validate the paradoxical prediction and demonstrate that inhibition of this module promotes a pro-inflammatory transcriptional program in Th17 cells, resulting in neuroinflammation in an adoptive transfer model of autoimmune disease. In conclusion, Compass is a widely applicable algorithm to characterize metabolic states at single cell resolution. It allows associating cellular metabolic states with effector functions and detection of metabolic targets that regulate effector phenotypes. We expect it to become a widely used tool with the increasing availability of single-cell RNA-Seq data, spurred by efforts such as the human cell atlas.
All-in-all-out magnetic domain wall conduction in a pyrochlore iridate heterointerface (2016)

Metallic surface states emerging at all-in-all-out type antiferromagnetic domain walls in bulk pyrochlore iridates have recently been observed. Such bulk crystals, however, inevitably contain huge amounts of the domains at random, and so it is quite challenging to investigate and utilize these novel surface conducting states. The results presented here are for a pyrochlore iridate heterointerface, which is realized by an advanced thin film growth technique. The authors successfully demonstrate the detection and control of a surface state linked to the antiferromagnetic domain wall, guiding further efforts for utilizing such states for surface transport in electronics and spintronics applications as well as for investigating the emergent topological transport at the interface.
A scalable and near-optimal representation of access schemes for memory management (2014)

Memory management searches for the resources required to store the concurrently alive elements. The solution quality is affected by the representation of the element accesses: a sub-optimal representation leads to overestimation and a non-scalable representation increases the exploration time. We propose a methodology to near-optimal and scalable represent regular and irregular accesses. The representation consists of a set of pattern entries to compactly describe the behavior of the memory accesses and of pattern operations to consistently combine the pattern entries. The result is a final sequence of pattern entries which represents the global access scheme without unnecessary overestimation.
Video 3 from CD20-TCB with Obinutuzumab Pretreatment as Next-Generation Treatment of Hematologic Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Video 3. In vitro visualization of the dynamics of CD20-TCB (white) during interaction between CD8+ T-cells (green) and tumor cells (blue). The video focuses on an example of CD20-TCB-mediated CD8+ T-cell cytotoxicity of tumor cells. T-cells surround the tumor cells and create stable synapses where CD20-TCB is localized (white). Tumor cells are killed upon certain time of T-cell/tumor cell interaction as evidenced by the formation of tumor blebs.&lt;/p&gt;
Min-log approach to modeling dielectric breakdown data (2012)

The process of dielectric breakdown in thin films has been studied extensively in the literature. Typically, these processes are modeled in terms of stochastic quantities related to a Weibull distribution. In many cases the direct Weibull approach is not capable of explaining the observed times to dielectric breakdown (TDDB), leading to the necessity to introduce more complex models. This, in turn, leads to considerable complications in the process of modeling and analyzing this phenomenon. In this article we present an approach to analysis of TDDB data based on the assumption that a sample can be viewed as a collection of competing cells, where the same stochastic process of degradation is taking place in the individual cells. Every cell, therefore, has its individual time to failure, and the cell having the shortest time is the one that actually causes the failure. In many cases, this is the only lifetime that is actually observable, as the sample and the ongoing processes in the cells could be affected by the dielectric discharge in one of them. We consider the situation where times of breakdown of individual cells can be modeled by a lognormal distribution and develop an approach based on the finite-sample distribution of minimum. This model leads to a relatively simple explanation of the TDDB data, including both low and high percentiles. We develop procedures for inference based on complete or right-censored TDDB data and illustrate its application for data obtained in the course of stress-based experiments.
Jogos educacionais baseados em realidade aumentada e interfaces tangíveis (2011)

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-05-22T13:39:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Artigo - Rafael Alves Roberto - 2011.pdf: 534860 bytes, checksum: 61da9d0d048f4dd752fb1baa6a10d199 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5)
Phase Inversion Directly Induced Tight Ultrafiltration (UF) Hollow Fiber Membranes for Effective Removal of Textile Dyes (2017)

This study has demonstrated the application of tight ultrafiltration (UF) membranes for effective removal of textile dyes from water at a low pressure. Novel UF hollow fiber membranes with well-defined nanopores and surface charges were developed via a single-step spinning process without any post-treatment. The newly developed tight UF hollow fibers not only possess a small mean pore diameter of 1.0-1.3 nm with a molecular weight cutoff (MWCO) of 1000-2000 Da but also have a high pure water permeability (PWP) of 82.5-117.6 L m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> bar<sup>-1</sup>. Through the synergistic effects of size exclusion and charge repulsion, the novel UF hollow fibers can effectively remove various dyes with impressive rejections of 93.2-99.9% at 1 bar. At the same time, more than 92% of inorganic salts (i.e., NaCl and Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) would permeate through the fibers, reducing the detrimental effects of concentration polarization and providing an attracted avenue for salts reuse. The tight UF hollow fibers also exhibit robust performance in a continuous operation of 170 h or at a high feed recovery of 90%. The fouled fibers can be easily regenerated by backwash of water with a flux recovery of larger than 92%. The newly developed tight UF hollow fiber membranes display huge potential for treating textile wastewater and other impaired effluents because of their great separation performance and simple fabrication process.
System Design for Cognitive Radio Conmunications (2006)

The rising number and capacity requirements of radio systems bring about an increasing demand for frequency spectrum. Cognitive radio offers a tempting solution to this problem by proposing opportunistic usage of frequency bands that are not occupied by their licensed users. Since it is a rather new concept, there is no consensus on the practical implementation of cognitive radio communications. In this paper, a comprehensive system design for cognitive radio is presented. The details of spectrum sensing and dynamic spectrum shaping, which constitute the basics of opportunistic spectrum usage, are given. It is proposed to transmit the spectrum sensing related information via on-off keying (OOK) modulated ultrawideband (UWB). The limits on the range of one-to-one cognitive communications are discussed. A processing gain based approach that leads to an increased range for cognitive networks is proposed. Different signaling options for the real data communications are given, and among these options an impulse radio that employs raised cosine filters is investigated in detail
Plasmodium falciparum Field Isolates from South America Use an Atypical Red Blood Cell Invasion Pathway Associated with Invasion Ligand Polymorphisms (2012)

Studies of Plasmodium falciparum invasion pathways in field isolates have been limited. Red blood cell (RBC) invasion is a complex process involving two invasion protein families; Erythrocyte Binding-Like (EBL) and the Reticulocyte Binding-Like (PfRh) proteins, which are polymorphic and not fully characterized in field isolates. To determine the various P. falciparum invasion pathways used by parasite isolates from South America, we studied the invasion phenotypes in three regions: Colombia, Peru and Brazil. Additionally, polymorphisms in three members of the EBL (EBA-181, EBA-175 and EBL-1) and five members of the PfRh (PfRh1, PfRh2a, PfRh2b, PfRh4, PfRh5) families were determined. We found that most P. falciparum field isolates from Colombia and Peru invade RBCs through an atypical invasion pathway phenotypically characterized as resistant to all enzyme treatments (NrTrCr). Moreover, the invasion pathways and the ligand polymorphisms differed substantially among the Colombian and Brazilian isolates while the Peruvian isolates represent an amalgam of those present in the Colombian and Brazilian field isolates. The NrTrCr invasion profile was associated with the presence of the PfRh2a pepC variant, the PfRh5 variant 1 and EBA-181 RVNKN variant. The ebl and Pfrh expression levels in a field isolate displaying the NrTrCr profile also pointed to PfRh2a, PfRh5 and EBA-181 as being possibly the major players in this invasion pathway. Notably, our studies demonstrate the uniqueness of the Peruvian P. falciparum field isolates in terms of their invasion profiles and ligand polymorphisms, and present a unique opportunity for studying the ability of P. falciparum parasites to expand their invasion repertoire after being reintroduced to human populations. The present study is directly relevant to asexual blood stage vaccine design focused on invasion pathway proteins, suggesting that regional invasion variants and global geographical variation are likely to preclude a simple one size fits all type of vaccine.
Iterative CT reconstruction with small pixel size: distance-driven forward projector versus Joseph's (2015)

Over the last few years, iterative reconstruction methods have become an important research topic in x-ray CT imaging. This effort is motivated by increasing evidence that such methods may enable significant savings in terms of dose imparted to the patient. Conceptually, iterative reconstruction methods involve two important ingredients: the statistical model, which includes the forward projector, and a priori information in the image domain, which is expressed using a regularizer. Most often, the image pixel size is chosen to be equal (or close) to the detector pixel size (at field-of-view center). However, there are applications for which a smaller pixel size is desired. In this investigation, we focus on reconstruction with a pixel size that is twice smaller than the detector pixel size. Using such a small pixel size implies a large increase in computational effort when using the distance-driven method for forward projection, which models the detector size. On the other hand, the more efficient method of Joseph will create imbalances in the reconstruction of each pixel, in the sense that there will be large differences in the way each projection contributes to the pixels. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the impact of these imbalances on image quality in comparison with utilization of the distance-driven method. The evaluation involves computational effort, bias and noise metrics, and LROC analysis using human observers. The results show that Joseph's method largely remains attractive.
Fabrication of Flat MgO(111) Films on Al2O3(0001) Substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2009)

We have found that epitaxial MgO(111) thin films grow under a wide range of deposition conditions (substrate temperatures of 400–800 °C, oxygen partial pressures of 10-4–100 Pa) on α-Al2O3(0001) substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD), despite the strongly divergent electrostatic potential of MgO(111). The surfaces of the resulting thin films show step-and-terrace structures reflecting the surface of α-Al2O3(0001) with a small root-mean-square roughness of 0.62 nm even at a film thickness of 80 nm. These results present the possibility of fabricating various artificial oxide structures using flat MgO(111) films produced by a conventional PLD technique.
An Evidential Fusion Network Based Context Reasoning For Smart Media Service (2013)

For effective smart media service, a reliable and confidential context recognition is required to prepare and react<br> properly. However, it is difficult to achieve a higher confidence level for several reasons. First, raw data from multiple sensors have different degrees of uncertainty.
3D shape measurement of glass and transparent plastics with a thermal 3D system in the mid-wave infrared (2018)

Structured light projection techniques are well established and an integral part of optical, accurate, and fast threedimensional (3D) measurements. Most problems occur when the projected patterns are not diffusely reflected at the objects’ surfaces. Therefore, we present a new optical 3D mid-wave infrared (MWIR) system based on a “shape from heating” approach with thermal pattern projection. Thus, the three-dimensional shape of materials that are transparent, translucent, or reflective in the visible wavelength range (e.g., glass, plastics, or carbon-fiber-reinforced material) can now be measured optically, contactless, and without a prior process of painting. The system operates with a stereo-vision setup of two cooled MWIR cameras (3-5 &mu;m) and a CO<sub>2</sub> laser projection unit to heat up the objects’ surfaces with aperiodic patterns. A stack of thermal images can be used to find corresponding points in both MWIR cameras and to calculate the 3D information of the surface geometry. In this paper, we introduce the setup and measurement principle of the 3D MWIR system and show some relations between various system parameters (masks, temperature contrast, and material parameters) and the measurement accuracy. We demonstrate the capabilities of our sensor by presenting an impressive 3D result of a real object.
Synthesis and P2Y2 receptor agonist activities of uridine 5′-phosphonate analogues (2020)

We explored the influence of modifications of uridine 5’-methylenephosphonate on biological activity at the human P2Y2 receptor. Key steps in the synthesis of a series of 5-substituted uridine 5’-methylenephosphonates were the reaction of a suitably protected uridine 5’-aldehyde with [(diethoxyphosphinyl)methylidene]triphenylphosphorane, C-5 bromination and a Suzuki–Miyaura coupling. These analogues behaved as selective agonists at the P2Y2 receptor, with three analogues exhibiting potencies in the submicromolar range. Although maximal activities observed with the phosphonate analogues were much less than observed with UTP, high concentrations of the phosphonates had no effect on the stimulatory effect of UTP. These results suggest that these phosphonates bind to an allosteric site of the P2Y2 receptor.
Effect of an Invaded Zone on Pressure Transient Data from Multi-Probe and Packer-Probe Wireline Formation Testers in Single and Multilayer Systems (2003)

Abstract A three-dimensional r-θ-z single-phase fully-implicit finite-difference model for a vertical well has been developed to examine how the presence of invaded zones affects the multiprobe and packer-probe pressure measurements in single-layer and multilayer (crossflow) systems. Invasion zones are modeled as composite zones concentric with the wellbore, that have different rock and fluid properties (permeability, porosity, viscosity and compressibility) from those of the native uninvaded formation. The results show that for multi-probe wireline testers, the sink (or the flowing) and horizontal probe pressure responses are highly affected by the invaded region properties, while the vertical probe pressures are mainly influenced by the properties of the uninvaded zones. For packer-probe testers, similar results are obtained; i.e., the vertical probe pressures are mainly influenced by the properties of the uninvaded zones, while the packer interval pressures at early times are influenced by the invaded zone properties. It is shown that if the invaded zones are incorporated into the interpretation process using the model developed in this work, simultaneous matching of spatially available wireline formation tester pressure data sets using nonlinear regression can provide estimates of both invaded and uninvaded zones parameters. A synthetic example of a multi-probe test is presented to confirm the theory and procedures developed in this work.
Application of ageing PSA model for systems' risk-informed classification (2013)

Application of PSA models allow to come up with optimal solutions for plant daily activities and safety issues. One of the key aspects of plant operational safety is continuous monitoring of systems reliability using specific surveillance test and maintenance strategy. Usually systems monitoring strategy is based on system classification which is mainly done using qualitative factors without risk profile consideration. This paper describes a feasibility study aimed to use integrated risk-informed decision making principles for systems classification. Proposed approach for systems classification integrates traditional classification system and plant risk profile obtained using ageing PSA model. In addition paper discusses comparative analysis of results obtained using base case PSA model and ageing PSA model.
High performance solution-processable tetrathienoacene (TTAR) based small molecules for organic field effect transistors (OFETs) (2017)

Three new organic semiconductors with alkyl chain-substituted tetrathienoacene (TTAR) as the central core and both ends capped with thiophene (DT-TTAR), thienothiophene (DTT-TTAR) and dithienothiophene (DDTT-TTAR) have been synthesized and characterized for organic field effect transistor (OFET) applications. A hole mobility of 0.81 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> was achieved for the DDTT-TTAR film, which represents the highest mobility yet found for a solution-processable p-type TTAR-based small molecular semiconductors.