gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ANTI-CD18 ANTIBODIES REDUCES MYOCARDIAL INJURY FOLLOWING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS IN DOGS. (1995)

Johnson, David; Hurst, Thomas; Fox, Judith; Cujec, Bibiana; Thomson, Dorothy; Mayers, Irvin Author Information
Adrenoceptor subtype‐specific acceleration of the hypoxic depression of excitatory synaptic transmission in area CA1 of the rat hippocampus (2004)

The depression of excitatory synaptic transmission by hypoxia in area CA1 of the hippocampus is largely dependent upon the activation of adenosine A(1) receptors on presynaptic glutamatergic terminals. As well as adenosine, norepinephrine levels increase in the hypoxic/ischemic hippocampus. We sought to determine the influence of alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor (AR) activation on the hypoxic depression of synaptic transmission utilizing electrophysiological, pharmacological and adenosine sensor techniques. Norepinephrine depressed synaptic transmission and significantly accelerated the hypoxic depression of synaptic transmission. The alpha-AR agonist 6-fluoronorepinephrine mimicked both of these effects whilst the alpha(2)-AR antagonist yohimbine, but not the alpha(1)-AR antagonist urapidil, prevented the actions of 6-fluoronorepinephrine. In contrast, the beta-AR agonist isoproterenol enhanced synaptic transmission and only accelerated the hypoxic depression of transmission in hypoxia-conditioned slices in which the hypoxic release of adenosine is reduced. The effects of isoproterenol were blocked by the non-selective beta-AR antagonist propranolol and the selective beta(1)-AR antagonist betaxolol. Using an enzyme-based adenosine sensor we observed that the application of the beta-AR agonist resulted in increased extracellular adenosine during repeated hypoxia. Our results suggest that alpha(2)-AR activation facilitates the hypoxic depression of synaptic transmission probably via the known alpha(2)-AR-mediated inhibition of presynaptic calcium channels whereas beta(1)-AR activation does so via increased extracellular adenosine and greater activation of inhibitory adenosine A(1) receptors.
Evolutionary pattern design for copolymer directed self-assembly (2013)

Directed assembly of block polymers is rapidly becoming a viable strategy for lithographic patterning of nanoscopic features. One of the key attributes of directed assembly is that an underlying chemical or topographic substrate pattern used to direct assembly need not exhibit a direct correspondence with the sought after block polymer morphology, and past work has largely relied on trial-and-error approaches to design appropriate patterns. In this work, a computational evolutionary strategy is proposed to solve this optimization problem. By combining the Cahn–Hilliard equation, which is used to find the equilibrium morphology, and the covariance-matrix evolutionary strategy, which is used to optimize the combined outcome of particular substrate–copolymer combinations, we arrive at an efficient method for design of substrates leading to non-trivial, desirable outcomes.
O3-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to noncholinergic system and other stimuli (1992)

The effect of O3 exposure (3 ppm, 1 h) on the in vivo and in vitro airway responsiveness, as well as the changes in cell contents in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, were evaluated 16-18 h after O3 exposure in sensitized and nonsensitized male guinea pigs. The sensitization procedure was performed through repeated inhalation of ovalbumin for 3 wk. Increase in pulmonary insufflation pressure produced by the excitatory nonadrenergic noncholinergic (eNANC) system, histamine, and antigen were assessed in in vivo conditions, whereas airway responsiveness to histamine and substance P was evaluated in in vitro conditions by use of tracheal chains with or without epithelium and lung parenchymal strips. We found that O3 exposure 1) increased the neutrophil content in BAL fluids in both sensitized and nonsensitized guinea pigs, 2) caused hyperresponsiveness to eNANC stimulation in nonsensitized guinea pigs (although combination of sensitization and O3 exposure paradoxically abolished the hyperresponsiveness to eNANC stimulation), 3) increased the in vivo bronchoconstrictor responses to histamine and antigen, 4) caused hyperresponsiveness to substance P in nonsensitized tracheae with or without epithelium and in sensitized tracheae with epithelium, 5) did not modify the responsiveness to histamine in tracheae with or without epithelium (and in addition, epithelium removal caused hyperresponsiveness to histamine even in those tracheae exposed to O3), and 6) produced hyperresponsiveness to histamine in lung parenchymal strips either from sensitized or nonsensitized guinea pigs.
Endothelial cell adhesion molecule expression in gene-targeted mice (1997)

Gene-targeted mice are now routinely employed as tools for defining the contribution of different leukocyte and endothelial cell adhesion molecules to the leukocyte recruitment and tissue injury associated with acute and chronic inflammation. The objective of this study was to determine whether gene-targeted mice that are deficient in CD11/CD18, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), or P-selectin exhibit an altered constitutive or induced expression of the endothelial cell adhesion molecules E- and P-selectin. The gene-targeted mice were all developed in the 129Sv mouse strain and backcrossed into C57B1/6J mice. The number of backcrosses ranged between 8 (P-selectin) and 10 (CD18 and ICAM-1) generations. The dual-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody technique was used to quantify E- and P-selectin expression in different vascular beds. In the unstimulated state, E-selectin expression was significantly elevated (relative to wild-type mice) in the stomach, large intestine, and brain of mutants deficient in ICAM-1. In general, constitutive expression of P-selectin did not differ between wild-type, ICAM-1-deficient, and CD11/CD18-deficient mutants. In CD11/CD18-deficient mice, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) administration elicited a more profound upregulation of P-selectin in several vascular beds, compared with wild-type and ICAM-1-deficient mice. E-selectin expression in brain of TNF-alpha-stimulated, ICAM-1-deficient, and P-selectin-deficient mice was attenuated compared with wild-type mice. These findings indicate that chronic deficiency of some of the adhesion glycoproteins that mediate leukocyte recruitment alters basal and induced surface expression of other adhesion molecules on endothelial cells.
Polymer‐Supported Monodentate Phosphite Ligands for Asymmetric Hydrogenation. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Array-Fed Ring-Focus Reflector: Synthesis Methods for Annular Sum and Difference Patterns (2022)

Three different methods to synthesize annular sum and difference patterns, produced by an array-fed ring-focus reflector (RFR), are presented. In the first method, an ideal planar source associated with the maximum possible gain is placed near the reflector’s aperture, and then from its radiated fields the source distribution of the feed array is determined. In the second method, the ideal planar source is projected directly onto RFR’s surface and the radiated fields of the "non-planar" source is employed to synthesize the feed array source distribution. In the third method, a direct optimization is invoked to determine the array source distribution. For the difference beams, Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization is employed. The numerical results for sum and difference beams are shown and discussed.
Striping and buffer caching for software RAID file systems in workstation clusters (2003)

A software RAID file system is defined as a system that distributes data redundantly across an array of disks attached to each of the workstations connected to a high-speed network. This configuration provides higher throughput and availability compared to conventional file systems. In this paper, we consider two specific issues, namely the distribution of data among the cluster (i.e. striping) and buffer caching for such an environment. Through simulation studies, we compare the performance of various striping methods and show that, for effective striping in software RAID file systems, we must take advantage of its flexible nature. Furthermore, for buffer caching, we show that conventional caching schemes that have been developed for distributed systems are insufficient, and that the ExODP (Exclusively Old Data and Parity) scheme, which is presented in this paper, overcomes the limitations of the previously proposed schemes.
Pattern collapse mitigation by controlling atmosphere during development process for semiconductor lithography (2021)

Abstract The negative pressure atmosphere during the development process was investigated to mitigate the photoresist pattern collapse which is one of the traditional issues in the lithography processes for every generation of photoresists; i-line, KrF, ArF, ArF immersion, and recently extreme ultraviolet. The pattern collapse is caused by the capillary force between resist patterns during rinsing and drying in the development process. The main factors of capillary force are the surface tension and the contact angle of rinsing liquid and also the pattern structure (line width, space width, and height). On the other hand, the capillary force is influenced by the atmosphere pressure. In this paper, we controlled the chamber pressure during the rinsing and drying processes for the pattern collapse mitigation. The minimum critical dimension without pattern collapse under the negative pressure was found to be smaller (approximately 10% improvement) than that obtained with atmosphere pressure.
Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Nephrectomy: Training, Technique, and Results (1993)

Transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy was integrated into our daily routine within a 6-month period by means of a step-by-step training program progressing from a pelvic trainer to animal studies (N = 15) to laptent-assisted surgery. The pneumoperitoneum is created with the patient in the flank position, enabling insertion of three trocars: 10-mm periumbilical (Port I), 5/12-mm subcostal (Port II), and 12/5-mm above the iliac spine (Port III). After medial mobilization of the colon, two additional 5-mm trocars (Ports IV and V) are inserted into the lateral abdominal wall parallel to Ports II and III. Once clipping and dissection of the ovarian (spermatic) vein has been carried out, the ureter is identified and dissected. Retraction of the proximal ureter exposes the renal hilum, allowing dissection of the renal vessels. The renal vein is dissected using an endoscopic stapling device, while accessory veins and the renal artery are clipped. Organ retrieval is achieved with a specially designed tissue pouch (Lapsac) and digital fragmentation of the kidney within the organ bag. Using this technique, we have treated 24 patients with benign (N = 20) and malignant (N = 4, including adrenalectomy) renal disease. The mean operative time was 239 (115-300) minutes. In four cases, open surgery was required because of bleeding (N = 2), severe perinephric inflammation (N = 1), or bowel injury (N = 1). For relief of wound pain, an average of 1.15 vials of analgesic (morphine derivatives)/patient were administered for 2.4 days. The postoperative hospital stay averaged 6.2 (4-10) days.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Safety, Outcomes, and T-Cell Characteristics in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory MDS or CMML Treated with Atezolizumab in Combination with Guadecitabine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;A. Gating strategy applied on PBMCs samples evaluated by flow cytometry. CD8+ T cell memory was defined based on the expression of CD45RA and CCR7 (CD197). Cell surface phenotype (PD-1, CD39, and CD69) and intracellular activation (Ki-67) markers were quantified on CD8+ effector T cell (TEFF) based on indicated gates. B, CD8+ naïve and memory T cells in long-and short-survivors quantified before and after the treatment. C, Representative flow cytometry plots showing CD8+ T cells activation in PBMC samples from a short survivor. PD-1+ Ki-67+ expression on CD8+ T cells compared before and after the treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Mobility and charge trapping comparison for crystalline and amorphous HfON and HfSiON gate dielectrics (2006)

Mobility and charge trapping results for n-channel transistors gated with HfON and HfSiON are reported as a function of physical thickness (Tphys). HfSiON peak mobility improves with Tphys over the range of 1.8–2.7nm, achieving 260cm2∕Vs at 2.7nm. However, HfSiON mobility degrades at a critical thickness, Tphys⩾3.5nm. HfON mobility response is different. It is a maximum (230cm2∕Vs) at Tphys=1.2nm but degrades with increasing thickness, particularly for the critical thickness ⩾2.5nm. Mobility loss and trapping occur concurrently for both dielectrics when these critical thicknesses are exceeded. These critical thicknesses are the minimum required to achieve dielectric crystallization. Interfacial defects along crystalline grain boundaries may negatively impact electrical performance of both dielectrics.
Study of surface roughness of lifted-off epitaxial lateral overgrown GaN layers for the n-DBR mirror of a III-nitride vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (2021)

Abstract In this work, we propose using the low defect density wing region arising from epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) for the development of Group III-nitride flip-chip vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The ELO wing is intended to be incorporated within the VCSEL cavity, supporting the n-side distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror, and must therefore be very smooth. We measure the surface morphology of the interface surface of the ELO material after separation from the growth substrate, finding that the interface roughness changes with the composition and thickness of the ELO mask. Sub-nanometer surface roughness suitable for the placement of the DBR mirror is achieved using mask layers terminating in Si 3 N 4 , or via 300 nm thick sputtered SiO 2 .
New Structured Scintillators for Neutron Radiography (2015)

We report on the development of novel neutron scintillators fabricated in microcolumnar formats using the physical vapour deposition (PVD) method. Such structures mitigate the conventional trade-off between spatial resolution and detection efficiency by channelling the scintillation light towards the detector while minimizing lateral spread in the film. Consequently, high resolution and high contrast neutron images can be acquired in a time efficient manner. In this paper, we discuss methods and characterization for scintillator films made from three distinct compositions, Thallium (Tl) or Europium (Eu) doped Lithium CesiumIodide (Li3Cs2I5:Tl,Eu, referred to as LCI), Tl or Eudoped Lithium Sodium Iodide (LixNa1-xI:Tl,Eu, referred to as LNI), and Cerium (Ce)-doped Gadolinium Iodide (GdI3:Ce, referred to as GDI). LCI and LNI scintillators are derived from the well-known CsI and NaI scintillators by the incorporation of 6Li into their lattice. Based on our measurements reported here, LCI/LNI scintillators have shown to exhibit bright emissions, fast, sub-microsecond decay, and an ability to effectively discriminate between neutron and gamma interactions using pulse shape (PSD) and/or pulse height (PHD) discrimination. LCI has a density of 4.5 g/cm3, a measured peak emission wavelength of 460 nm (doped with Eu), and a light yield of ∼50,000 photons/thermal neutron. LNI has a density of 3.6 g/cm3, an emission peak measured at 420 nm, and a light yield of ∼100,000 photons/thermal neutron. The recently discovered GDI exhibits excellent scintillation properties including a bright emission of up to 5,000 photons/thermal neutron interaction, 550 nm green emission, a rise time of ∼0.5 ns and a primary decay time of ∼38 ns (Glodo et al., 2006). Its high thermal neutron cross-section of ∼255 kb makes it an attractive candidate for neutron detection and imaging. Although it has high density of 5.2 gm/cm3 and effective atomic number of 57, its gamma sensitivity can be minimized by lowering the film thickness and its neutron sensitivity can be maximized through the use of enriched Gd. The fabrication of micro-structured films of these materials using an evaporation technique permits the cost-effective volume synthesis of high-quality neutron scintillators over large areas (20 cm x 20 cm) in short time. In addition, the vapour deposition permits stoichiometry and dopant control not possible using conventional crystal growth.
Demonstration of 22-nm half pitch resolution on the SHARP EUV microscope (2015)

The Semiconductor High-Numerical-aperture (NA) Actinic Reticle Review Project (SHARP) is an extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-wavelength, synchrotron-based microscope dedicated to advanced EUV photomask research. The instrument is designed to emulate current and future generations of EUV lithography (EUVL). The performance of the SHARP microscope has been well characterized for its low-NA lenses, emulating imaging in 0.25 and 0.33 NA lithography scanners. Evaluating the resolution of its higher-NA lenses, intended to emulate future generations of EUV lithography, requires a photomask with features down to 22-nm half pitch. The authors fabricated a sample with features down to 20-nm half pitch, exposing a wafer with a standard multilayer coating in the Berkeley microfield exposure tool, and used it to demonstrate real-space imaging down to 22-nm half pitch on the SHARP microscope. The demonstrated performance of SHARP's high-NA zoneplates, together with the extended capabilities of the tool, provide a platform that is available today, suited for research targeted at upcoming generations of EUVL many years into the future.
The Action of Ozone on the Trimethyl Ester of Maleopimaric Acid. Terpenes. VI1,2 (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Action of Ozone on the Trimethyl Ester of Maleopimaric Acid. Terpenes. VI1,2L. H. Zalkow and N. N. GirotraCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 8, 2033–2036Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01043a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01043a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive Asymtotic Tracking of Repetitive Signals - A Frequency Domain Approach (1991)

The problem of designing an adaptive tracking controller for repetitive reference signals is considered. It is assumed that the controlled plant is linear time invariant. The proposed controller, being able to identify the gain and phase of a plant at selected frequencies, adjusts the I/O map at frequencies contained in the reference signal so as to achieve zero steady state errors. Other control methods with the same goal like repetitive control usually have to know the system's structure which, in the presence of unmodel dynamics, makes the robustness property less appealing. Since no structural knowledge has to be known in the proposed approach, it is robust as long as the phase and magnitude of the plant at those target frequencies are not drastically changed. However, the proposed controller does not alter the transient property of the plant, e.g., locations of poles. Thus, a combination of this controller and a feedback LTI controller is proposed also.
Once-Weekly Exenatide in Youth With Type 2 Diabetes (2022)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OBJECTIVE:&lt;/strong&gt; Approved treatments for type 2 diabetes in pediatric patients include metformin, liraglutide, and insulin. However, approximately half of the youth fail metformin monotherapy within 1 year, and insulin therapy is associated with challenges. Consequently, the efficacy and safety of once‑weekly injections of exenatide for the treatment of youth with type 2 diabetes was evaluated. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:&lt;/strong&gt; Participants (aged 10 to &lt;18 years) were randomized (5:2) to once‑weekly exenatide 2 mg or placebo, respectively. The primary efficacy endpoint was change in glycated hemoglobin from baseline to week 24. Secondary efficacy endpoints were also evaluated and the frequency of adverse events (AEs) assessed.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;RESULTS:&lt;/strong&gt; 83 participants were randomized (exenatide, 59; placebo, 24) and 72 completed 24-week treatment (exenatide, 49; placebo, 23). At 24 weeks, the least squares mean change in glycated hemoglobin was −0.36% for the exenatide and +0.49% for the placebo groups (between-group difference, −0.85%; 95% CI: −1.51, −0.19; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.012). Nonsignificant least squares mean differences from baseline to 24 weeks favoring exenatide were observed: fasting glucose (−21.6 mg/dL; 95% CI: −49.0, 5.7; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.119), systolic blood pressure (−2.8 mm Hg; 95% CI: −8.0, 2.4; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.284), and body weight (−1.22 kg; 95% CI: −3.59, 1.15; &lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;=0.307). AEs occurred in 36 (61.0%) and 17 (73.9%) participants in the exenatide and placebo groups, respectively.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CONCLUSIONS:&lt;/strong&gt; In youth with type 2 diabetes sub-optimally controlled with current treatments, once‑weekly exenatide reduced glycated hemoglobin at 24 weeks and was well tolerated. &lt;/p&gt;
Gold Nanoparticles (2012)

Abstract Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have been the most extensively studied systems in the area of nanoscience and nanotechnology as a result of their fascinating physical and chemical properties. Diversity in the modes of preparation, unique properties, and unusual stability in comparison with related materials make GNPs ideal for a vast array of applications in chemistry, biology, engineering, and medicine. An overview of the fascinating area of GNPs is presented here. The rich history of GNPs is briefly reviewed followed by a concise description of various pioneering synthetic strategies and their properties. Important aspects of novel anisotropic GNPs and assembled gold nanostructures are briefly described in the subsequent sections. A few interesting aspects of supported GNPs have also been outlined. We have highlighted important applications of GNPs and have given a special mention of a new category of ultrasmall materials of gold known as quantum clusters. The article ends with the new directions of GNPs and outlines the prospects of future applications.