gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanics of defects in carbon nanotubes: Atomistic and multiscale simulations (2005)

Molecular mechanics (MM) calculations together with coupling methods bridging MM and finite crystal elasticity are employed to simulate the fracture of defected carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and to compare with the available experimental results. The modified second generation Brenner potential (MTB-G2) is adopted in the calculations. Our MM calculations show fair agreement with quantum mechanical (QM) benchmarks, and indicate that one- and two-atom vacancies reduce the fracture strength of CNTs by $20%--33%$ (whereas the QM calculations predict $14%--27%$), but these fracture strengths are still much higher than the experimental data. We then demonstrate that this experimental and theoretical discrepancy can be attributed to the presence of large-scale defects, such as those that may arise from oxidative purification processes. Simulations on multiwalled CNTs and tubes twisted prior to tensile loading show negligible effects on the fracture strength, which indicates that these are not the causes of low experimental values. The effects of chirality and tube diameter on fracture strengths are also investigated.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends 1-7 from AT13148 Is a Novel, Oral Multi-AGC Kinase Inhibitor with Potent Pharmacodynamic and Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 81K, Supplementary data comprising the materials and methods for (i) crystallography (ii) gene expression studies (iii) siRNA studies and Supplementary Figure legends 1-7&lt;/p&gt;
The co-chaperone UNC45A is essential for the expression of mitotic kinase NEK7 and tumorigenesis (2019)

Cumulative evidence suggests that the heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) co-chaperone UNC-45 myosin chaperone A (UNC45A) contributes to tumorigenesis and that its expression in cancer cells correlates with proliferation and metastasis of solid tumors. However, the molecular mechanism by which UNC45A regulates cancer cell proliferation remains largely unknown. Here, using siRNA-mediated gene silencing and various human cells, we report that UNC45A is essential for breast cancer cell growth, but is dispensable for normal cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence microscopy, along with gene microarray and RT-quantitative PCR analyses, revealed that UNC45A localizes to the cancer cell nucleus, where it up-regulates the transcriptional activity of the glucocorticoid receptor and thereby promotes expression of the mitotic kinase NIMA-related kinase 7 (NEK7). We observed that UNC45A-deficient cancer cells exhibit extensive pericentrosomal material disorganization, as well as defects in centrosomal separation and mitotic chromosome alignment. Consequently, these cells stalled in metaphase and cytokinesis and ultimately underwent mitotic catastrophe, phenotypes that were rescued by heterologous NEK7 expression. Our results identify a key role for the co-chaperone UNC45A in cell proliferation and provide insight into the regulatory mechanism. We propose that UNC45A represents a promising new therapeutic target to inhibit cancer cell growth in solid tumor types.
GRAFS: Graphical Faceted Search System to Support Conceptual Understanding in Exploratory Search (2023)

When people search for information about a new topic within large document collections, they implicitly construct a mental model of the unfamiliar information space to represent what they currently know and guide their exploration into the unknown. Building this mental model can be challenging as it requires not only finding relevant documents, but also synthesizing important concepts and the relationships that connect those concepts both within and across documents. This paper describes a novel interactive approach designed to help users construct a mental model of an unfamiliar information space during exploratory search. We propose a new semantic search system to organize and visualize important concepts and their relations for a set of search results. A user study ($n=20$) was conducted to compare the proposed approach against a baseline faceted search system on exploratory literature search tasks. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is more effective in helping users recognize relationships between key concepts, leading to a more sophisticated understanding of the search topic while maintaining similar functionality and usability as a faceted search system.
Impact of Absenteeism on Assembly Line Quality and Throughput (2009)

Assembly lines function best when every worker is present. When a worker is absent, management must scramble to quickly find a replacement. Usually, the replacement will not be as proficient as the absent worker. This can reduce quality and throughput. We present two assembly line work‐systems models (one for lines with Andon and one for lines without Andon) that show one mechanism whereby absenteeism could impact quality and throughput. We exercise these models to provide insights into absenteeism's impact on quality and throughput. While the paper is written in the concrete terms of automotive assembly, the concepts and results apply to manual assembly lines in general.
The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva: A post-embryonic gene regulatory network controlling organogenesis (2008)

The Caenorhabditis elegans vulva is an elegant model for dissecting a gene regulatory network (GRN) that directs postembryonic organogenesis. The mature vulva comprises seven cell types (vulA, vulB1, vulB2, vulC, vulD, vulE, and vulF), each with its own unique pattern of spatial and temporal gene expression. The mechanisms that specify these cell types in a precise spatial pattern are not well understood. Using reverse genetic screens, we identified novel components of the vulval GRN, including nhr-113 in vulA. Several transcription factors (lin-11, lin-29, cog-1, egl-38, and nhr-67) interact with each other and act in concert to regulate target gene expression in the diverse vulval cell types. For example, egl-38 (Pax2/5/8) stabilizes the vulF fate by positively regulating vulF characteristics and by inhibiting characteristics associated with the neighboring vulE cells. nhr-67 and egl-38 regulate cog-1, helping restrict its expression to vulE. Computational approaches have been successfully used to identify functional cis-regulatory motifs in the zmp-1 (zinc metalloproteinase) promoter. These results provide an overview of the regulatory network architecture for each vulval cell type.
A Systematic Review of the Genetics and Pathology of Psychosis in Frontotemporal Dementia (2023)

Our systematic review suggests a high frequency of psychosis in specific subgroups of FTD patients. Further studies are required to understand the structural and biological underpinnings of psychosis in FTD.
Scoping erosion flow loop test results in support of Hanford WTP (2015)

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Improving IoT-based Smart Retrofit Model for Analog Water Meters using DL based Algorithm (2022)

This paper proposes a deep learning (DL)-based algorithm which is used for improving the performance of digit detection from internet-of-things (IoT)-based analog water meters. The DL algorithm is trained on a rich dataset of over 160,000 images collected from six water nodes deployed at locations with different environmental conditions. A detailed comparison between the proposed DL and machine learning (ML) algorithm is made based on detection accuracy, feature analysis, error analysis, and computational complexity analysis. It is observed that compared to the ML model, the proposed DL model maintained a higher detection accuracy and is more generalized in terms of feature extraction, which makes the algorithm robust.
Efficient Risk/Return Frontiers for Credit Risk (2000)

The risk/return trade‐off has been a central tenet of portfolio management since the seminal work of Markowitz [1952]. The basic premise, that higher (expected) returns can only be achieved at the expense of greater risk, leads naturally to the concept of an efficient frontier. The efficient frontier defines the maximum return that can be achieved for a given level of risk or, alternatively, the minimum risk that must be incurred to earn a given return. Traditionally, market risk has been measured by the variance (or standard deviation) of portfolio returns, and this measure is now widely used for credit risk management as well. For example, in the popular Credit‐Metrics methodology (J.P. Morgan [1997]), the standard deviation of credit losses is used to compute the marginal risk and risk contribution of an obligor. Kealhofer [1998] also uses standard deviation to measure the marginal risk and, further, discusses the application of mean‐variance optimization to compute efficient portfolios. While this is reasonable when the distribution of gains and losses is normal, variance is an inappropriate measure of risk for the highly skewed, fat‐tailed distributions characteristic of portfolios that incur credit risk. In this case, quantile‐based measures that focus on the tail of the loss distribution more accurately capture the risk of the portfolio. In this article, we construct credit risk efficient frontiers for a portfolio of bonds issued in emerging markets, using not only the variance but also quantile‐based risk measures such as expected shortfall, maximum (percentile) losses, and unexpected (percentile) losses.
Electromagnetic transmission and reflection characteristics of anisotropic multilayered structures (1987)

A rigorous electromagnetic analysis method, using a 4 × 4 matrix formulation in combination with discrete Fourier-transform techniques, is presented as a straightforward way of analyzing the optical transmission and reflection characteristics of anisotropic multilayered structures. Three examples illustrating the method are presented. First, the previous ellipsometric and polarimetric work of Zander et al. [ Optik70, 6 ( 1985)] is extended to cases in which coupling between orthogonally polarized plane waves exists at interfaces. Second, Williamson’s multiple-pass birefringent spectral filter [ J. Opt. Soc. Am.61, 767 ( 1971)] is reevaluated; results including and excluding interference effects are presented. Third, the design of a new, very-narrow-band (typically 0.01 nm), tunable spectral filter called the Fabry–Perot/Šolc filter is introduced. Several versions of the Fabry–Perot/Šolc filter, each employing different materials, are analyzed. One version exhibits a total tuning range of 40 nm, and another version has an effective finesse of approximately 1300.
Assembly of Molten Transition Metal Salt–Surfactant in a Confined Space for the Synthesis of Mesoporous Metal Oxide-Rich Metal Oxide–Silica Thin Films (2011)

Uniform and homogeneous coating of mesoporous materials with an active (catalytically, photonic, electrical) nanostructure can be very useful for a number of applications. Understanding chemical reactions in a confined space is important in order to design new advanced materials. In this work, we demonstrate that an extensive amount (as high as 53 mol percent) of transition metal salts can be confined between silica walls and two surfactant domains (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, CTAB, and lauryl ether, C12H25(OCH2CH2)10OH, C12EO10) as molten salts and then converted into sponge-like mesoporous silica–metal oxides by thermal annealing. This investigation has been carried out using two different salts, namely, zinc nitrate hexahydrate, [Zn(H2O)6](NO3)2, and cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate, [Cd(H2O)4](NO3)2, in a broad range of salt concentrations. The ZnO (or CdO) layers are as thin as about ∼1.6 nm and are homogenously coated as crystalline nano-islands over the silica pore walls.
The Pushshift Telegram Dataset (2020)

Messaging platforms, especially those with a mobile focus, have become increasingly ubiquitous in society. These mobile messaging platforms can have deceivingly large user bases, and in addition to being a way for people to stay in touch, are often used to organize social movements, as well as a place for extremists and other ne'er-do-well to congregate. In this paper, we present a dataset from one such mobile messaging platform: Telegram. Our dataset is made up of over 27.8K channels and 317M messages from 2.2M unique users. To the best of our knowledge, our dataset comprises the largest and most complete of its kind. In addition to the raw data, we also provide the source code used to collect it, allowing researchers to run their own data collection instance. We believe the Pushshift Telegram dataset can help researchers from a variety of disciplines interested in studying online social movements, protests, political extremism, and disinformation.
Current and flux regulation in field-weakening operation [of induction motors] (2001)

Field-weakening techniques have been developed which provide maximum torque capability above rated speed. Unfortunately, most of these techniques are valid only for steady-state operation and show significant sensitivity to DC-bus voltage and machine parameters. This paper analyzes the requirements of dynamically providing maximum torque under field-weakening operation. Three major issues are addressed: current regulator design; saturation techniques for current regulators in order to ensure best performance under voltage constraints; and flux regulator design to minimize transient errors when varying flux. Maximum DC-bus utilization through the proper use of saturation techniques, dynamic response and reduced sensitivity are the advantages of the proposed solution.
Dermal dendrocytes participate in the cellular pathology of experimental acute graft‐versus‐host disease (1998)

In a well established murine model relevant to human disease, graft-versus-host disease results from recognition of recipient minor histocompatibility antigens by donor bone marrow-derived T lymphocytes. Previous studies suggest that factor XIIIa-positive dermal dendrocytes may be involved in the pathogenesis of disorders involving antigen presentation to T cells and dermal fibrosis. This study was undertaken to determine (i) whether normal murine skin contains factor XIIIa-positive dermal dendrocytes, and (ii) whether such cells participate in the pathophysiology of acute graft-versus-host disease. Graft-versus-host disease was produced using B10.BR CD8+ donor T cells administered to CBA recipients. Skin samples were collected weekly for a 5-week period and evaluated by immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. Our data indicate that normal murine dermis contains factor XIIIa-positive cells localized primarily around deep dermal microvessels. Ultrastructural analyses reveal these cells to have long processes, pinocytotic vesicles, fibronexuses, and intimate associations with mast cells. During graft-versus-host disease, factor XIIIa-positive dendrocytes appeared within the superficial dermis. By ultrastructure, the dendrocytes were hypertrophic and highly branched, and demonstrated an intimate relationship with neighboring cells. In conclusion, factor XIIIa-positive dendrocytes comprise a normal component of the murine dermis and undergo alterations in experimental acute graft-versus-host disease consistent with participation in disease pathophysiology.
Table S2 from A Four-Chemokine Signature Is Associated with a T-cell–Inflamed Phenotype in Primary and Metastatic Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2: Top 100 upregulated genes in 4-chemokinehi and 4-chemokinelo patients&lt;/p&gt;
Persistent medication-induced neural adaptations, descending facilitation, and medication overuse headache (2011)

Medication-induced persistent pronociceptive adaptations might be responsible for lowering the threshold and amplifying the response to migraine triggers leading to increased frequency of headache attacks.
Managing Patients with Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Old Disease, New Ideas (2016)

Prof Per-Uno Malmström opened this symposium on non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) by describing the medical and economic burden caused by the increasing incidence of bladder cancer and the lack of new therapeutic options available to address the challenges of the management of NMIBC. Prof Marko Babjuk followed with a presentation that demonstrated that risk stratification using European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and Spanish Urological Club for Oncological Treatment (CUETO) risk scores remains a useful tool for determining the best individual treatment options for patients. The next presentation, given by Dr Carsten Ohlmann, described the use of mitomycin C (MMC) for low and intermediate-risk patients as per the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines. However, despite a favourable safety profile, single case reports of severe adverse events following treatment with MMC should not be dismissed. MMC should therefore be given with care, with an emphasis on performing high quality transurethral resection of the bladder (TURB). Prof Bernard Malavaud then presented details of newer diagnostic methods, such as photodynamic diagnosis (PDD) and narrow band imaging (NBI), which offer better optical tumour recognition for the surgeon than the old standard of white light cystoscopy. The uptake of PDD and NBI in the future will facilitate an increase in the quality of TURB. Finally, Prof Ashish Kamat explained that recurrence of bladder cancer after bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) treatment (‘BCG failure’) needs to be more clearly defined and stratified. He stated that optimal recognition of timing with relation to BCG immunotherapy is critical to determine the next steps. For example, in the past, patients with late recurrence who may have benefitted from challenge with BCG may have been overlooked.
Recent Developments Towards Podophyllotoxin Congeners as Potential Apoptosis Inducers (2015)

Podophyllotoxin, a lignan extracted from rhizomes of Podophyllum species, is a well established lead in the development of new chemical agents for the treatment of cancer. Its semi-synthetic variant, etoposide is an anticancer drug which inhibits DNA topoisomerase II causing cell cycle arrest in the S the phase. Its clinical success and intriguing mode of action made it a much sought after skeleton for the development of better antitumor agents. Modifications were made at several positions of its skeleton with the aim to either improve its potency or to overcome drug resistance. In recent years, the structurally modified podophyllotoxins have been investigated for their apoptosis inducing ability. Although numerous reviews emphasized the occurrence, synthesis and applications of podophyllotoxins, the recent progress towards development of structurally modified podophyllotoxins possessing apoptosis inducing ability has not been previously reviewed. Therefore the present review focuses on the studies carried out in the design and synthesis of new podophyllotoxin derivatives and their evaluation as apoptosis inducers.
Surface Pressure Analysis of Poly(ethylene oxide)-Modified Fusogenic Liposomes Incorporated into a Phospholipid Monolayer (2006)

Fusogenic liposomes have a wide-range of applications as DDS and gene/protein delivery into living cells. A variety of surface modifications of drug carriers, to enable fusion with cells, have been proposed, however, the mechanism of fusion has still not been determined. To further improve the efficiency of drug carriers, a simple and easily examinable model of a living cell surface is needed. In this study, the time-course of a fusion phenomena was made by measuring the surface pressure increase of a phospholipid monolayer spread at the air/water interface due to the fusion of liposomes carrying PEO-lipid (dialkyl-terminated polyethylene oxide) reconstituted on their outer surface. The kinetics of the surface pressure change appeared to be bimodal, indicating the coexistence of different fusion pathways. It was found that the presence of the PEO-lipid on the liposome surface led to a faster lipid transfer compared to non-modified DMPC liposomes. This indicated that the reconstitution of PEO-lipid provided an alternative transfer pathway to that for non-fusogenic liposomes that show only a slow lipid transfer to phospholipid monolayers. The relation between the rate of fusion and the surface pressure of the host membrane is discussed.
Data from HER2 Mediates PSMA/mGluR1-Driven Resistance to the DS-7423 Dual PI3K/mTOR Inhibitor in PTEN Wild-type Prostate Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer remains a major cause of male mortality. Genetic alteration of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is one of the key events in tumor development and progression in prostate cancer, with inactivation of the PTEN tumor suppressor being very common in this cancer type. Extensive evaluation has been performed on the therapeutic potential of PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors and the resistance mechanisms arising in patients with PTEN-mutant background. However, in patients with a PTEN wild-type phenotype, PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors have not demonstrated efficacy, and this remains an area of clinical unmet need. In this study, we have investigated the response of PTEN wild-type prostate cancer cell lines to the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor DS-7423 alone or in combination with HER2 inhibitors or mGluR1 inhibitors. Upon treatment with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor DS-7423, PTEN wild-type prostate cancer CWR22/22RV1 cells upregulate expression of the proteins PSMA, mGluR1, and the tyrosine kinase receptor HER2, while PTEN-mutant LNCaP cells upregulate androgen receptor and HER3. PSMA, mGluR1, and HER2 exert control over one another in a positive feedback loop that allows cells to overcome treatment with DS-7423. Concomitant targeting of PI3K/mTOR with either HER2 or mGluR1 inhibitors results in decreased cell survival and tumor growth in xenograft studies. Our results suggest a novel therapeutic possibility for patients with PTEN wild-type PI3K/AKT-mutant prostate cancer based in the combination of PI3K/mTOR blockade with HER2 or mGluR1 inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lung Deposition of the Dry Powder Fixed Combination Beclometasone Dipropionate Plus Formoterol Fumarate Using NEXThaler ® Device in Healthy Subjects, Asthmatic Patients, and COPD Patients (2018)

The fixed extrafine dry powder combination BDP/FF (100/6 μg) administered through the DPI NEXThaler<sup>®</sup> achieved similar intrapulmonary deposition in healthy subjects, in asthmatic patients, and COPD patients (approximately 55% of emitted dose) irrespective of the underlying lung disease with a negligible amount of exhaled particles. The study showed high reliability of the device, reproducible dosing, and distribution throughout the lungs. The results supported the concept of efficient delivery of the combination to the target pulmonary regions, thanks to the extrafine formulation. FEV<sub>1</sub> profile confirmed a relevant pharmacodynamic effect of the product.
P‐134: Flexible Transparent Electrode Film with a Continuous Ag Nanofiber Network Embedded Structure for Flexible OLEDs (2017)

We report a flexible and high‐performance TCE/substrate platform by introducing electro‐spun Ag nanofiber (AgNF) and glass‐fabric reinforced hybrimer (GFRHybrimer) with high transparency and robustness. A single‐line network of AgNF, which already has a conductive path without junction, can provide high transparency and low sheet resistance, simultaneously. Moreover, GFRHybrimer matrix enhances the thermal stability of the AgNF TCE and mechanical durability of the composite film with smooth surface topography. To confirm the reliability and durability, we fabricated OLED on the AgNF/GFRHybrimer composite film and demonstrated the availability of the composite film for the next generation opto‐electronics.