gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive memory power management techniques for HPC workloads (2011)

The memory subsystem is responsible for a large fraction of the energy consumed by compute nodes in High Performance Computing (HPC) systems. The rapid increase in the number of cores has been accompanied by a corresponding increase in the DRAM capacity and bandwidth, and as a result, the memory system consumes a significant amount of the power budget available to a compute node. Consequently, there is a broad research effort focused on power management techniques using DRAM low-power modes. However, memory power management continues to present many challenges. In this paper, we study the potential of Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) of the memory subsystems, and consider the ability to select different frequencies for different memory channels. Our approach is based on tuning voltage and frequency dynamically to maximize the energy savings while maintaining performance degradation within tolerable limits. We assume that HPC applications do not demand maximum bandwidth throughout the entire period of execution. We can use these low memory demand intervals to tune down the frequency and, as a result, applications can tolerate a reduction in bandwidth to save energy. In this paper, we study application channel access patterns, and use these patterns to determine potential additional energy savings that can be achieved by accordingly controlling the channels independently. We then evaluate the proposed DVFS algorithm using a novel hybrid evaluation methodology that includes simulation as well as executions on real hardware. Our results demonstrate the large potential of adaptive memory power management techniques based on DVFS for HPC workloads.
Interaction between neuronal nitric oxide synthase and inhibitory G protein activity in heart rate regulation in conscious mice. (1998)

Nitric oxide (NO) synthesized within mammalian sinoatrial cells has been shown to participate in cholinergic control of heart rate (HR). However, it is not known whether NO synthesized within neurons plays a role in HR regulation. HR dynamics were measured in 24 wild-type (WT) mice and 24 mice in which the gene for neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) was absent (nNOS-/- mice). Mean HR and HR variability were compared in subsets of these animals at baseline, after parasympathetic blockade with atropine (0.5 mg/kg i.p.), after beta-adrenergic blockade with propranolol (1 mg/kg i.p.), and after combined autonomic blockade. Other animals underwent pressor challenge with phenylephrine (3 mg/kg i.p.) after beta-adrenergic blockade to test for a baroreflex-mediated cardioinhibitory response. The latter experiments were then repeated after inactivation of inhibitory G proteins with pertussis toxin (PTX) (30 microgram/kg i.p.). At baseline, nNOS-/- mice had higher mean HR (711+/-8 vs. 650+/-8 bpm, P = 0.0004) and lower HR variance (424+/-70 vs. 1,112+/-174 bpm2, P = 0.001) compared with WT mice. In nNOS-/- mice, atropine administration led to a much smaller change in mean HR (-2+/-9 vs. 49+/-5 bpm, P = 0.0008) and in HR variance (64+/-24 vs. -903+/-295 bpm2, P = 0.02) than in WT mice. In contrast, propranolol administration and combined autonomic blockade led to similar changes in mean HR between the two groups. After beta-adrenergic blockade, phenylephrine injection elicited a fall in mean HR and rise in HR variance in WT mice that was partially attenuated after treatment with PTX. The response to pressor challenge in nNOS-/- mice before PTX administration was similar to that in WT mice. However, PTX-treated nNOS-/- mice had a dramatically attenuated response to phenylephrine. These findings suggest that the absence of nNOS activity leads to reduced baseline parasympathetic tone, but does not prevent baroreflex-mediated cardioinhibition unless inhibitory G proteins are also inactivated. Thus, neuronally derived NO and cardiac inhibitory G protein activity serve as parallel pathways to mediate autonomic slowing of heart rate in the mouse.
In situ Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging of corrosion in a Co-Fe alloy microcrystal (2021)

Corrosion is a major concern for many industries, as corrosive environments can induce structural and morphological changes that lead to material dissolution and accelerate material failure. The progression of corrosion depends on nanoscale morphology, stress, and defects present. Experimentally monitoring this complex interplay is challenging. Here we implement in situ Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction imaging (BCDI) to probe the dissolution of a Co-Fe alloy microcrystal exposed to hydrochloric acid (HCl). By measuring five Bragg reflections from a single isolated microcrystal at ambient conditions, we compare the full three-dimensional (3D) strain state before corrosion and the strain along the [111] direction throughout the corrosion process. We find that the strained surface layer of the crystal dissolves to leave a progressively less strained surface. Interestingly, the average strain closer to the centre of the crystal increases during the corrosion process. We determine the localised corrosion rate from BCDI data, revealing the preferential dissolution of facets more exposed to the acid stream, highlighting an experimental geometry effect. These results bring new perspectives to understanding the interplay between crystal strain, morphology, and corrosion; a prerequisite for the design of more corrosion-resistant materials.
Improving LWD Image and Formation Evaluation by Utilizing DynamicallyCorrected Drilling-Derived LWD Depth and Continuous Inclination and AzimuthMeasurements (2007)

The paper illustrates the improvements in logging while drilling (LWD) images and subsequent formation evaluation by utilizing a new methodology for depth and survey measurements correction.LWD depth measurements are often considered inaccurate and therefore not as reliable for well-to-well correlations, correlations to offset data acquired with wireline measurements and formation layer thickness determinations. The reasons for these inaccuracies generally originate from the traditional practice that LWD depth is purposely made equal to the driller's depth, which is a static pipe length measurement made by tape at surface.There is almost always a difference between the actual measured depth (MD) of the LWD sensor downhole and this static pipe measurement because downhole, the drillpipe is subject to an environment that is not representative of the derrick, such as, varying drilling mechanical conditions and temperature changes. We demonstrate the applications of the method, which allows dynamic driller's depth correction for the effects of drillstring weight, downhole friction, weight on bit, thermal expansion, residual rig heave, and tide.Another significant inaccuracy source is a standard practice of calculating borehole position from stationary survey points typically taken every 90 ft using minimum curvature method. Neglecting complex borehole shape between survey stations leads to a systematic error in determining the borehole position. We consider using continuous inclination and azimuth measurements along with stationary surveys to correct these errors.We provide comparisons of LWD images before and after the depth and survey corrections to illustrate how the measurement errors affect formation dips interpreted from the images. We demonstrate how improved accuracy allows filtering out the artifacts together with more decisive and accurate identification of geologic features. We show how using the corrected 3D position allows to improve accuracy of formation thicknesses calculations and therefore to improve reservoir summation results.As a result we propose a borehole 3D position measurement that is accurate, consistent between wells regardless of rig type or bottomhole assembly (BHA) configuration, and independent of drilling mode. Using this new measurement significantly improves the quality of formation evaluation.
5G-VICTORI: Optimizing Media Streaming in Mobile Environments Using mmWave, NBMP and 5G Edge Computing (2021)

This paper describes an approach for optimizing media streaming services in mobile environments by utilizing the fifth-generation mobile network technology (5G), including millimeter Wave (mmWave) high speed data links, 5G Edge Computing and relevant state-of-the-art media streaming standards, such as Network Based Media Processing (NBMP) and Server and Network Assisted<br> DASH (MPEG SAND). Although the solution described in this paper can be applied to media streaming in various mobility scenarios, the focus of this work is on rail environments and allowing video-on-demand (VoD) catalogues (Mediatheks) to be made available to train passengers via regular VoD apps – even when trains are not connected to the Internet. To achieve this objective, we introduce caching nodes inside trains and their respective stations. The work presented in this paper will be trialed in a railway station in Berlin, as part of the EU-funded research project, 5G-VICTORI.
The effect of attenuation on lesion detection in PET oncology (2002)

Using simulation and patient studies, we compare the lesion detection in whole-body PET oncology with and without performing attenuation correction (AC and non-AC). In addition, we discuss the prediction of lesion distortion in non-AC PET images. In all of the simulation studies, the OSEM algorithm is used to reconstruct 2D noise-free data. Lesions of different size, density, and uptake are simulated in the lungs. Lesions with the density of soft tissue and different uptake are simulated in the mediastinum and abdomen. The patient studies are performed using an ADAC dual-head hybrid SPECT-PET system. The lesion-to-background ratio (LBR) in the reconstructed images is used for quantitative analyses. Simulation studies and a total of 40 patient studies show that the LBR in AC images is higher in lungs but lower in the mediastinum and abdomen than in non-AC images. In addition, simulation studies show that, in non-AC images, for given lesion and lung uptakes, the LBR increases when the lesion density decreases and spherical lesions appear to be elongated in the direction with minimal attenuation and squeezed in the direction with maximal attenuation.
Automated recognition system of musical score (vision system of the WABOT-2) (1985)

早稲田大学のプロジェクトチームは, 楽譜を読み, 10本の指と両足で電子オルガンを演奏する知能ロボットWABOT-2を開発した.このロボットは, 人間と人工の声で会話することができる.この論文では, 楽譜のデータ構造に基づいた高速の専用ハードウエアによる検出と, 楽譜の知識を利用したアルゴリズムを用いて, 印刷楽譜だけでなく, インスタント・レタリング楽譜も約15秒で認識できる本ロボットの視覚システムについて報告する.印刷楽譜の自動認識については, すでに幾つかの報告があるが, ロボット肩上に設置されたカメラで, 譜面台上に無造作に置かれて湾曲・変形した楽譜を実時間で読み取らなければならないという演奏ロボットの目として十分に使用できるシステムはない.視覚系の出力はロボットの手に直接渡されるため, 演奏不能な不正データの出力は許されない.したがって本システムでは楽曲規則および楽譜のもつ冗長性を利用して, 識別結果の矛盾と不協和音の検査をすると共に, その誤り訂正および補間を行い, 音楽的により正しい認識結果を得ている.3パートからなる童謡程度の市販エレクトーン楽譜1枚について, 処理速度15秒以内, 認識率ほぼ100%の結果を得ており, 実時間演奏ロボットの視覚系としての機能を充分達成することができた.
Multilevel diffractive lens in the MWIR with extended depth-of-focus and wide field-of-view (2023)

Optics in the mid-wave-infra-red (MWIR) band are generally heavy, thick and expensive. Here, we demonstrate multi-level diffractive lenses; one designed using inverse design and another using the conventional propagation phase (the Fresnel zone plate or FZP) with diameter = 25 mm and focal length = 25 mm operating at <i>λ</i>=4<i>μ</i>m. We fabricated the lenses by optical lithography and compared their performance. We show that the inverse-designed MDL achieves larger depth-of-focus and better off-axis performance when compared to the FZP at the expense of larger spot size and reduced focusing efficiency. Both lenses are flat with thickness ≤0.5 mm and weigh ≤3.63 g, which are far smaller than their conventional refractive counterparts.
Biotin grafting on boron-doped diamond (2003)

Grafting of biotin on top of a polycrystalline boron-doped diamond layer was achieved by surface oxidation followed by an esterification reaction and revealed by fluorescently labelled streptavidin.
Printed circuit board planar current transformer for GaN active diode (2017)

In this paper, a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) Planar Current Transformer is proposed for GaN synchronous rectifier. This type of current driven synchronous rectifier is also known as the “Active Diode”. Planar current transformer provides minimal thickness. Primary and secondary windings are fabricated on either side of the PCB. The shape of the windings and their relative positions are studied for the best coupling and current sensing. U shape primary winding and rectangular spiral secondary winding are found to produce a maximum coupling factor. A GaN Active Diode with the proposed PCB current transformer is built. It is adopted in a 500 KHz, 12 V to 5 V, 10 A output buck converter which demonstrates the advantages of the proposed Active Diode. A very thin Active Diode module is presented. An additional 5 % efficiency improvement is achieved compared with Schottky diode.
Optimizing the Thermally Oxidized 4H-SiC MOS Interface for P-Channel Devices (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
All‐additive ink‐jet‐printed display backplanes: Materials development and integration (2007)

Abstract— Methods used to deposit and integrate solution‐processed materials to fabricate TFT backplanes by ink‐jet printing are discussed. Thematerials studied allow the development of an all‐additive process in which materials are deposited only where their functionality is required. The metal layer and semiconductor are printed, and the solution‐processed dielectric is spin‐coated. Silver nanoparticles are used as gate and datametals, the semiconductor used is a polythiophene derivative (PQT‐12), and the gate dielectric is an epoxy‐based photopolymer. The maximum processing temperature used is 150°C, making the process compatible with flexible substrates. The I ON /I OFF ratio was found to be about 10 5 −10 6 , and TFT mobilities of 0.04 cm 2 /V‐sec were obtained. The influence of surface treatments on the size and shape of printed features is presented. It is shown that coffee‐stain effects can be controlled with ink formulation and that devices show the expected pixel response.
A mixed-integer nonlinear programming approach to analog circuit synthesis (1992)

A mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) approach to cell-level analog circuit synthesis, allowing simultaneous topology selection and parameter selection, is presented. The problem formulation uses integer variables to model topology choices and continuous variables for the design parameters such as device sizes and bias voltages. Examples using a branch and bound approach to efficiently solve the MINLP problem for CMOS two-stage operational amplifiers are given. >
Hybridization Thermodynamics of DNA Oligonucleotides during Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis (2015)

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is a powerful analytical tool for performing separations and characterizing properties of charged species. For reacting species during a CE separation, local concentrations change leading to nonequilibrium conditions. Interpreting experimental data with such nonequilibrium reactive species is nontrivial due to the large number of variables involved in the system. In this work we develop a COMSOL multiphysics-based numerical model to simulate the electrokinetic mass transport of short interacting ssDNAs in microchip capillary electrophoresis. We probe the importance of the dissociation constant, K(D), and the concentration of DNA on the resulting observed mobility of the dsDNA peak, μ(w), by using a full sweep of parametric simulations. We find that the observed mobility is strongly dependent on the DNA concentration and K(D), as well as ssDNA concentration, and develop a relation with which to understand this dependence. Furthermore, we present experimental microchip capillary electrophoresis measurements of interacting 10 base ssDNA and its complement with changes in buffer ionic strength, DNA concentration, and DNA sequence to vary the system equilibria. We then compare our results to thermodynamically calculated K(D) values.
CITN11-02 phase I trial of subcutaneous recombinant human IL-15 (rhIL-15) is associated with expansion of circulating CD56+ NK cells and CD8+ T cells (2016)

Abstract Background IL-15 is a high priority for clinical development because of its homeostatic effects on both NK cells and CD8+ T cells, and minimal effect on regulatory T cells. The Cancer Immunotherapy Trials Network is conducting a phase I dose-escalation study of subcutaneous (SQ) rhIL-15 in advanced melanoma, renal cell, non-small cell lung and squamous cell head and neck carcinoma patients. Methods A cycle consists of 5 daily SQ injections of rhIL-15 (E.coli-derived, NCI) given Monday-Friday for two weeks, then 2 weeks observation. The absolute lymphocyte count is tested every injection day, and whole blood flow cytometric analyses are conducted on Days 1, 11 and 15 of each cycle. Results Three patients each were treated at the 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 mcg/kg dose levels and six patients at 2.0 mcg/kg/dose (N=18). Seventeen patients completed ≥1 cycle, with one dose limiting toxicity (DLT) at 3.0 mcg/kg and one serious adverse event at 2.0 mcg/kg. Flow cytometric data indicate a consistent increase in the frequency of CD56+CD3− NK cell frequencies peaking at Day 15 of Cycle 1 (Day 12=last dose), with lesser increases in subsequent cycles. The median fold-increase in circulating NK cells during Cycle 1 demonstrated dose responsiveness and peaked at 11.5-fold with 3.0 mcg/kg. By contrast, the maximum fold-increase in circulating CD8+ T cells was 2.6-fold. Conclusion SQ rhIL-15 has been well tolerated and the 3.0 mcg/kg dose cohort is being expanded. Higher doses of rhIL-15 were associated with profound increases in circulating NK cells with significant but smaller increases in CD8+ T cells. Outpatient use of SQ rhIL-15 is safe and will be combined with other cancer immunotherapies. Study support: NIH 1U01 CA154967-01 (Clinical Trials.gov NCT01727076).
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Applications of Radical Reactions in Natural Product Synthesis (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Activation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase in Estrogen Receptor α–Positive Breast Cancer Cells In vitro Induces an In vivo Molecular Phenotype of Estrogen Receptor α–Negative Human Breast Tumors (2006)

Breast cancer presents as either estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) positive or negative, with ERalpha+ tumors responding to antiestrogen therapy and having a better prognosis. By themselves, mRNA expression signatures of estrogen regulation in ERalpha+ breast cancer cells do not account for the vast molecular differences observed between ERalpha+ and ERalpha- cancers. In ERalpha- tumors, overexpression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or c-erbB-2, leading to increased growth factor signaling, is observed such that mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase (MAPK) is significantly hyperactivated compared with ERalpha+ breast cancer. In ERalpha+/progesterone receptor-positive, estrogen-dependent MCF-7 breast cancer cells, we stably overexpressed EGFR or constitutively active erbB-2, Raf, or MAP/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase, resulting in cell lines exhibiting hyperactivation of MAPK, estrogen-independent growth, and the reversible down-regulation of ERalpha expression. By global mRNA profiling, we found a "MAPK signature" of approximately 400 genes consistently up-regulated or down-regulated in each of the MAPK+ cell lines. In several independent profile data sets of human breast tumors, the in vitro MAPK signature was able to accurately distinguish ER+ from ER- tumors. In addition, our in vitro mRNA profile data revealed distinct mRNA signatures specific to either erbB-2 or EGFR activation. A subset of breast tumor profiles was found to share extensive similarities with either the erbB-2-specific or the EGFR-specific signatures. Our results confirm that increased MAPK activation causes loss of ERalpha expression and suggest that hyperactivation of MAPK plays a role in the generation of the ERalpha- phenotype in breast cancer. These MAPK+ cell lines are excellent models for investigating the underlying mechanisms behind the ERalpha- phenotype.
Window detection in complex facades (2010)

The complexity of a building façade provides challenge for window detection algorithms. Especially in the gradient projection approach, the presence of gradients outside window areas significantly reduces the quality of results. We present a modified gradient projection method robust enough to process complex façades of historical buildings. In a single image scenario, this method is able to provide results even for facades under severe perspective distortion. Our algorithm is able to detect many different window types and does not require a learning step. In this paper, we also extend this method into a multi-view scenario. We examine the results of the method in multi-view and evaluate its benefits.
IC‐P‐098: In vitro Characterization of MK‐3328: A Novel Fluorinated Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Plaques (2010)

Amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques have been successfully visualized in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients with positron emission tomography (PET) tracers such as [11C]PIB. Yet, the short half-life of carbon-11 (20min) limits its use to clinical facilities close to a cyclotron. In order to support multicenter clinical trials for novel AD therapies, the present work aimed at developing a fluorine-18 (half-life 110min) Aβ PET tracer. In vitro binding studies were performed on cortical homogenates from AD and aged-matched controls with [3H]MK-3328, [3H]PIB and [3H]lazabemide. Autoradiographic mapping of [3H]MK-3328 binding site expression was performed on AD brain sections and compared to the distribution of Aβ plaques and astrocytes detected by immunocytochemistry with 6E10 and GFAP antibodies, respectively. Structural similarity searches and extensive medicinal chemistry optimization identified azabenzoxazole compounds that exhibited promising pharmacological properties. The azaindole [3H]MK-3328 binds to cortical Aβ plaques with a Kd of 17 ± 4 nM (n = 5) and a Bmax of 1600 ± 419 nM (n = 5) yielding a Bmax/Kd ratio of 95 ± 15 (n = 5). Screening against a diverse set of enzymes and receptors unexpectedly revealed an interaction between MK-3328 and monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Studies with purified enzyme indicated that [3H]MK-3328 binds MAO-B with a Kd of 6 ± 3 nM (n = 3). Specific [3H]MK-3328 binding was also observed in non-AD human cortical membrane preparations and fully displaced by MAO-B inhibitor lazabemide. Saturation studies in AD cortex demonstrated that MAO-B levels accounted for only 17 ± 3 % (n = 5) of Aβ levels measured by [3H]PIB. Despite the contribution of MAO-B binding to background signal, autoradiographic experiments with [3H]MK-3328 revealed a punctated expression pattern in AD cortical areas comparable to [3H]PIB that was not blocked by lazabemide. Immunocytochemistry on adjacent sections supported a close association between [3H]MK-3328 positive areas, Aβ plaques labeled with 6E10 antibody and astrocytes stained with GFAP antibody. Despite unanticipated MAO-B binding, these results indicate that MK-3328 has an in vitro pharmacological profile supporting its development as a fluorine-18 PET tracer for the detection of Aβ deposits in AD patients. On going clinical studies will establish the value of this novel imaging agent for the detection of Aβ plaques in AD patients.