gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Chain-Ends and Branching Structures in Polyvinylidene Fluoride with Multidimensional NMR (2012)

Multidimensional solution NMR (19F, 1H, and 13C) has been used to determine chain-ends and backbone branching points and to obtain unambiguous 19F and 1H resonances assignments from these chain-ends and branching structures in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The multidimensional NMR methods employed in this study not only enabled the resonance assignments of the last monomer of the chain but also provided assignments for the last three monomer units of chain-end structures. The chain-end signals from PVDF were determined using spin–lattice relaxation measurements and 2D diffusion ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) analysis. 2D-NMR analyses were also used to assign resonances of chain branching points along the backbone of the polymer.
Time–Frequency Warped Waveforms (2018)

The forthcoming communication systems are advancing toward improved flexibility in various aspects. Improved flexibility is crucial to cater diverse service requirements. This letter proposes a novel waveform design scheme that exploits axis warping to enable peaceful coexistence of different pulse shapes. A warping transform manipulates the lattice samples non-uniformly and provides flexibility to handle the time-frequency occupancy of a signal. The proposed approach enables the utilization of flexible pulse shapes in a quasi-orthogonal manner and increases the spectral efficiency. In addition, the rectangular resource block structure, which assists an efficient resource allocation, is preserved with the warped waveform design as well.
Co-Occurrence and Cooperation between Comammox and Anammox Bacteria in a Full-Scale Attached Growth Municipal Wastewater Treatment Process (2023)

Cooperation between comammox and anammox bacteria for nitrogen removal has been recently reported in laboratory-scale systems, including synthetic community constructs; however, there are no reports of full-scale municipal wastewater treatment systems with such cooperation. Here, we report intrinsic and extant kinetics as well as genome-resolved community characterization of a full-scale integrated fixed film activated sludge (IFAS) system where comammox and anammox bacteria co-occur and appear to drive nitrogen loss. Intrinsic batch kinetic assays indicated that majority of the aerobic ammonia oxidation was driven by comammox bacteria (1.75 ± 0.08 mg-N/g TS-h) in the attached growth phase, with minimal contribution by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria. Interestingly, a portion of total inorganic nitrogen (∼8%) was consistently lost during these aerobic assays. Aerobic nitrite oxidation assays eliminated the possibility of denitrification as a cause of nitrogen loss, while anaerobic ammonia oxidation assays resulted in rates consistent with anammox stoichiometry. Full-scale experiments at different dissolved oxygen (DO = 2 - 6 mg/L) setpoints indicated persistent nitrogen loss that was partly sensitive to DO concentrations. Genome-resolved metagenomics confirmed the high abundance (relative abundance 6.53 ± 0.34%) of two <i>Brocadia-</i>like anammox populations, while comammox bacteria within the <i>Ca.</i> Nitrospira nitrosa cluster were lower in abundance (0.37 ± 0.03%) and <i>Nitrosomonas</i>-like ammonia oxidizers were even lower (0.12 ± 0.02%). Collectively, our study reports for the first time the co-occurrence and cooperation of comammox and anammox bacteria in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment system.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF PERFLUOROALKYLCALCIUM DERIVATIVES WITH KETONES AND ALDEHYDES (1978)

Abstract Aus den Aldehyden und Ketonen (II) werden mit der Iodverbindung (I) in Gegenwart von Calciumamalgam die Alkohole (III) hergestellt, wobei als reaktive Komponente die Calciumverbindung (IV) angenommen wird.
Quantification and characterization of leakage errors (2018)

We present a general framework for the quantification and characterization of leakage errors that result when a quantum system is encoded in the subspace of a larger system. To do this we introduce metrics for quantifying the coherent and incoherent properties of the resulting errors and we illustrate this framework with several examples relevant to superconducting qubits. In particular, we propose two quantities, the leakage and seepage rates, which together with average gate fidelity allow for characterizing the average performance of quantum gates in the presence of leakage and show how the randomized benchmarking protocol can be modified to enable the robust estimation of all three quantities for a Clifford gate set.
Antimicrobial efficacy, mode of action and in vivo use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for prevention or therapeutic support of infections (2023)

The objective is to provide a comprehensive overview of the rapidly developing field of the current state of research on <i>in vivo</i> use of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) to aid infection prevention and control, including naso-pharyngeal, alveolar, topical, and systemic HOCl applications. Also, examples are provided of dedicated applications in COVID-19. A brief background of HOCl's biological and chemical specifics and its physiological role in the innate immune system is provided to understand the effect of <i>in vivo</i> applications in the context of the body's own physiological defense mechanisms.
On the Use of Polar Code for LoRa PHY (2023)

LoRa (long range) PHY adopts simple hamming codes with maximum one-bit error correction capacity, which is one of the main causes of poor performance in fading environments. As one approach to improve performance in fading environments, in this paper, we will investigate the use of a polar code for LoRa. Specifically, through computer simulations, we will compare the performance gain in Rician fading channels according to the application of a polar code with code rate 0.5 instead of the original (8,4) hamming code in LoRa PHY.
Comparative analysis of three interleaved boost power factor corrected topologies in DCM (2002)

The aim of this paper is to analyze in a comparative manner three interleaved boost power factor corrected (PFC) topologies that alleviate some of the conventional boost PFC shortcomings like high input current ripple and current stress. A parallel interleaved topology and two novel serial topologies especially suitable for electronic ballast applications are considered. The boost inductor current and size and the input harmonic current are expressed analytically and compared considering the conventional boost PFC as reference. A practical design example is analyzed using the PSPICE computer simulator.
Utilizing zero-sequence switchings for reversible converters (2023)

A method for providing additional dc inputs or outputs (49, 59) from a dc-to-ac inverter (10) for controlling motor loads (60) comprises deriving zero-sequence components (V.sub.ao, V.sub.bo, and V.sub.co) from the inverter (10) through additional circuit branches with power switching devices (23, 44, 46), transforming the voltage between a high voltage and a low voltage using a transformer or motor (42, 50), converting the low voltage between ac and dc using a rectifier (41, 51) or an H-bridge (61), and providing at least one low voltage dc input or output (49, 59). The transformation of the ac voltage may be either single phase or three phase. Where less than a 100% duty cycle is acceptable, a two-phase modulation of the switching signals controlling the inverter (10) reduces switching losses in the inverter (10). A plurality of circuits for carrying out the invention are also disclosed.
Electrically pumped two-dimensional Bragg grating lasers (2006)

We demonstrate electrically pumped InGaAsP two-dimensional Bragg grating (2DBG) lasers with two line defects. The 2DBG structure uses a weak 2D index perturbation surface grating to control the optical modes in the plane of the wafer. Measurements of the 2DBG lasers show that modal control in both the longitudinal and transverse directions is due to the gratings and defects. The 2DBG lasers are promising candidates for single-mode, high power, and high efficiency large-area lasers.
Posterolateral Subluxation Exposure of the Elbow for Injuries Involving the Lateral Column (2013)

The posterolateral subluxation exposure of the elbow is a useful surgical technique for addressing complex radial head or capitellar fractures. It can be modified to allow for exposure of the distal humerus or elbow in more complex cases including those resulting in the terrible triad injury. In this approach, dissection to the radiocapitellar joint via a posterior incision provides great exposure and allows for reduction and internal fixation or placement of a radial head prosthesis. The authors in this video presentation demonstrate the posterolateral approach for radial head fractures and radial head replacement along with some technical caveats.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Targeting eIF4A-Dependent Translation of KRAS Signaling Molecules (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1&lt;/p&gt;
Video compression with output traffic conforming to leaky-bucket network access control (2002)

This paper investigates how video source data should be compressed to conform to the leaky-bucket (LB) specification for transmission over a communications network. The buffer occupancy of the compressed data is used to effect compression of future video frames. Two general strategies for using the tokens in the LB are investigated. The greedy transmission strategy will send out a cell whenever a token is available-that is, a token will not be saved while there is a data backlog in the buffer. We show a general way to modify any existing constant bit rate compression (or rate-control) scheme for a corresponding LB compression scheme using the concept of a virtual buffer. The non-greedy transmission strategy uses "extra" tokens only when buffer overflow is impending and saves up tokens for future usage when underflow is about to occur. The non-greedy strategy is generally better than the greedy strategy. The overall conclusion is that tokens should be used only under the "emergency" situation when overflow occurs and not during the normal situation just to smooth image quality from time slot to time slot.
Spectral analysis of peach surface defects. (1990)

ABSTRACT The spectral reflectance of peach surface defects (bruise, cut, scar, scale, brown rot, wormhole) in the 350 to 1200 nm range was measured. Sorting criteria which were suitable for use with a machine vision system were developed and evaluated based on their potential for discriminating between defective and normal peach surface. Separability was calculated in terms of the Mahalanobis distance between the two classes. Sorting criteria which were based on ratios of wave-lengths had good separability for some defects, but multivariate sorting criteria with at least one unnormalized component were required for good class discrimination for all peach defect types at a fixed set of wavelengths. A three-wave-length criterion with spectral sensitivities centered at 650, 720, and 815 nm had the highest Mahalanobis distances for the types of peach defects tested.
Smart Grid Communications: LTE Outdoor Field Trials at 450 MHz (2015)

Future energy networks based on smart grid and smart metering applications will be highly decentralized. Cellular wireless is one promising technology to interconnect novel energy grids. Although industrial wireless standards are seen as one of the new study items for 5G radio systems, 3G/4G-based technology may cover this field until tailored standards become available. Due to the beneficial propagation conditions below 500 MHz, cellular radio systems operating at these frequencies are getting more attention, especially in the case of rural and suburban deployments. In this paper, we investigate the propagation characteristics at 450 MHz in a suburban to rural environment using cellular radio technology. Extensive measurements were done in a test pilot installation using latest LTE technology. The results are based on pilot symbols collected during the campaign. They show the coverage in the chosen environment and highlight channel characteristics at 450 MHz. Delay spreads (DS) and shadow fading (SF) coefficients are detailed and a generalized pathloss model is derived. The results can be used for propagation modeling in similar environments as well as to complement and verify channel models for similar frequencies.
Integrated, Compact, and Tunable Band-Interleaving of a Kerr Comb Source (2023)

We demonstrate band-interleaving of a Kerr comb via a wide-FSR dual-ring RAMZI filter. A sharp filter roll-off of 63.6 dB/nm is measured with a total functional band-width &gt; 36 nm with broadband crosstalk suppression ≥ 14 dB.
Supplementary Table 3 from Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Summary statistics for TAD counts in all 12 tumour and 5 benign samples, across multiple window sizes.&lt;/p&gt;
SGK1 Sensitivity of Platelet Migration (2012)

Recent observations pointed to the ability of platelets to migrate and thus to invade the inflamed vascular wall. Platelet migration could be stimulated by stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), an effect dependent on phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and paralleled by activation and phosphorylation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP). Migration is inhibited by vinculin, which is similarly regulated by phosphorylation. PI3K-sensitive kinases include the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1). The present study explored whether SGK1 modifies WASP and vinculin phosphorylation in murine platelets and participates in the regulation of platelet migration. Platelets were isolated from gene-targeted mice lacking SGK1 (sgk1(-/-)) and from their wild type littermates (sgk1(+/+)). Platelet migration stimulated with SDF-1 was significantly less pronounced in sgk1(-/-)platelets than in sgk1(+/+) platelets. Moreover, SDF-1 significantly induced WASP phosphorylation, an effect again reduced in platelets lacking SGK1. Phosphorylation of vinculin was significantly enhanced in sgk1(-/-)platelets and was significantly reduced following treatment of platelets with Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA. Immunohistochemical analysis of in vivo experiments in intestinal vessels after vascular inflammation revealed that transmigration of platelets into inflamed vessel walls was significantly less pronounced in sgk1(-/-)than in sgk1(+/+) mice. In conclusion, SGK1 is a powerful regulator of platelet migration.
Millimeter-wave phase conjugation using artificial nonlinear surfaces (1998)

An artificial nonlinear surface has been developed using antenna-coupled mixers with optical interconnects for microwave and millimeter-wave phase conjugation. Prototype one-dimensional arrays have been constructed and have been used to demonstrate two-dimensional free-space phase conjugation at 10.24 GHz. The phase conjugation properties have been observed and verified by directly measuring the electric-field distribution of the conjugate wave under various conditions. Furthermore, the experiments have shown amplified conjugate wave power up to ten times of that of the incoming wave. This amplifying ability demonstrates the potential of such surfaces to be used in novel communications applications.
Shear modulates adhesion of ultrasound contrast microbubbles targeted to dysfunctional endothelium (2002)

Endothelial dysfunction, as occurs in pre-clinical atherosclerosis and organ transplant rejection, is characterized by increased endothelial cell (EC) surface expression of inflammatory markers including intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM). Previously, we have shown that lipid-based ultrasound contrast microbubbles (MBs) selectively adhere to inflamed ECs when conjugated to anti-ICAM monoclonal antibodies (Ab). Here, we hypothesized that the adhesion of targeted MBs to ECs from flow is shear-rate dependent. Microbubbles were conjugated via avidin/biotin bridging chemistry to anti-ICAM mAb (60,000 Ab/MB surface density). In a parallel plate chamber, MBs were perfused across coverslips of normal or interleukin-1/spl beta/-activated cultured human coronary artery ECs at selected wall shear rates for 3 min and washed. Adhesion to ECs was quantified in 20 random microscopic fields per coverslip (mean MBs/cell/spl plusmn/SD). Adhesion decreased with increasing shear rate to both normal (100s/sup -1/=0.84/spl plusmn/1.7, 175s/sup -1/=0.58/spl plusmn/0.40, 250s/sup -1/=0.40/spl plusmn/0.45, 350s/sup -1/=0.16/spl plusmn/0.14, 500s/sup -1/=0.04/spl plusmn/0.02) and activated ECs (100s/sup -1/=3.0/spl plusmn/2.7, 175s/sup -1/=2.6/spl plusmn/0.77, 250s/sup -1/=2.1/spl plusmn/1.3, 350s/sup -1/=1.2/spl plusmn/0.90, 500s/sup -1/=0.49/spl plusmn/0.09). Adherence was greater to activated than normal ECs (p<0.001), and decreased with increasing shear rate (p=0.02). These data demonstrate that adhesion of targeted MBs to ECs is highly dependent upon the local shear environment. This relationship has important implications for the design of targeted contrast agents for ultrasonic assessment of endothelial dysfunction.
Modeling and feedback control of color-tunable LED lighting systems (2012)

This paper presents a color-science-based approach to feedback control design of color-tunable LED lighting systems for smart spaces. The general design problem is posed as the minimization of a cost function consisting of metrics that capture light quality, energy consumption and human comfort. A linear light transport map is used for modeling and identifying the optical fingerprint of the room. The feedback control law is then derived based on the identified model through gradient-based optimization of the cost function. Finally, experimental results are presented to highlight the performance of the feedback control law in terms of (1) energy savings, (2) delivered light quality, (3) adaptivity to external disturbances (such as daylighting) and (4) human comfort.
A Paced-ECG Detector and Delineator for Automatic Multi-Parametric Catheter Mapping of Ventricular Tachycardia (2020)

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a life-threatening arrhythmia, which can be treated by catheter intervention. Accurate identification of the underlying reentrant circuit is often challenging, yet it is key to successful ablation of the VT. In practice, the cardiologist often uses electrocardiography (ECG) data provided by various catheter mapping techniques, including parameters acquired during sinus rhythm (voltage maps, presence of fragmented/late potentials) and during controlled pacing from different sites of the ventricle, so-called pace-mapping. A novel method is presented here to automatically extract the key information from pace-mapping data with automated detection of paced heartbeats from the surface ECG signals, using wavelet detection of pacing spikes and combined time/energy criteria, and automated delineation of paced beats, QRS peak, and QRS onset. This allows the generation of correlation gradient maps (indicating QRS morphology changes as the catheter is moved) and stimulus-to-QRS maps (sQRS, indicating the delay between pacing and activation of the healthy myocardium). The delineator is shown to be in good agreement with manual annotations from experts in a retrospective study of 18 VT ablation procedures. Paced-QRS detection had 95.2% sensitivity and 98.4% positive predictive value. Resulting sQRS maps had a mean absolute error of 11.1 ms, which was in the same range as the inter-observer errors (9.7 ms). The automatic processing drastically reduces the need for manual annotations. Therefore it makes it feasible to process and visualize, during the procedure, all the relevant parametric maps, which can be analyzed jointly to identify VT circuits and corresponding ablation targets.
New Additives for Modifying the Burn Rate of Composite Solid Propellants (2006)

The ability of nano-particle additives to tailor the burning rate of composite solid rocket propellants is being explored in the authors’ laboratories. In the present study, two different nano-particles and two separate styles of mixing in the additive were investigated. These variations were tested on a typical HTPB/AP composite rocket propellant with varying characteristics. After a baseline study was completed without additives, a Taguchi L8 matrix was designed to fully test the effect of six different mixture variables and the two different additives on the burning rate. The propellants were tested in a strand bomb at pressures ranging from approximately 34 to 136 atm, and some representative data are provided. The results thus far indicate that small levels of nano-particle additives (∼ 1 wt %) can have significant effects on the magnitude and pressure dependence of the composite propellant.
An empirical study of memory sharing in virtual machines (2012)

Content-based page sharing is a technique often used in virtualized environments to reduce server memory requirements. Many systems have been proposed to capture the benefits of page sharing. However, there have been few analyses of page sharing in general, both considering its real-world utility and typical sources of sharing potential. We provide insight into this issue through an exploration and analysis of memory traces captured from real user machines and controlled virtual machines. First, we observe that absolute sharing levels (excluding zero pages) generally remain under 15%, contrasting with prior work that has often reported savings of 30% or more. Second, we find that sharing within individual machines often accounts for nearly all (&gt;90%) of the sharing potential within a set of machines, with inter-machine sharing contributing only a small amount. Moreover, even small differences between machines significantly reduce what little inter-machine sharing might otherwise be possible. Third, we find that OS features like address space layout randomization can further diminish sharing potential. These findings both temper expectations of real-world sharing gains and suggest that sharing efforts may be equally effective if employed within the operating system of a single machine, rather than exclusively targeting groups of virtual machines.
Electromagnetic Pulse Shaping and Applications (2007)

Electromagnetic pulse shapers based on optical pulse processing techniques provide unparalleled waveform agility. By allowing user control of both the RF spectral amplitude and phase, we demonstrate these systems can compensate for electrical distortions experienced by broadband waveforms (here, from radiation from a broadband antenna). We believe these pulse shapers to be an enabling technology for airborne applications such as impulsive radio and radar.