gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sox6 expression distinguishes dorsally and ventrally biased dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra with distinctive properties and embryonic origins (2021)

Dopamine (DA) neurons in the ventral tier of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) degenerate prominently in Parkinson's disease, while those in the dorsal tier are relatively spared. Defining the molecular, functional, and developmental characteristics of each SNc tier is crucial to understand their distinct susceptibility. We demonstrate that Sox6 expression distinguishes ventrally and dorsally biased DA neuron populations in the SNc. The Sox6<sup>+</sup> population in the ventral SNc includes an Aldh1a1<sup>+</sup> subset and is enriched in gene pathways that underpin vulnerability. Sox6<sup>+</sup> neurons project to the dorsal striatum and show activity correlated with acceleration. Sox6<sup>-</sup> neurons project to the medial, ventral, and caudal striatum and respond to rewards. Moreover, we show that this adult division is encoded early in development. Overall, our work demonstrates a dual origin of the SNc that results in DA neuron cohorts with distinct molecular profiles, projections, and functions.
Synthesis of Amphiphilic Guanylated Polymers as Potential Gene Delivery Carriers (2004)

Abstract We have developed novel polymeric systems that aggregate in aqueous media to form nanospheric particles. Our polymeric system constitutes guanidine functional groups and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) units. The guanidine group is an important structural component in many biologically active compounds. Because of their strongly basic character, guanidines are fully protonated under physiological conditions. The positive charge thus imposed on the molecule forms the basis for specific interactions between the ligand and receptor or the enzyme and substrate. The PEG units may form a characteristic micelle structure with a hydrophilic shell layer surrounding the core of the polyion complex (PIC) formed between DNA and the cation segments (PIC micelles).
Simple computer model of a fractal river network with fractal individual watercourses (1993)

A random walk computer model of river network is proposed. It is shown that the length and the width of both network and of individual streams that constitute it exhibit scaling sigma /sub /// approximately Lv// and sigma perpendicular to approximately Lv ( sigma // and sigma perpendicular to are the longitudinal and lateral sizes of the object, L is the overall length of the object). The simulated individual streams display self-similar behaviour at small L (v/sub ///=vperpendicular to =0.80+or-0.03) and self-affine behaviour at large L (v/sub ///=0.99+or-0.03, vperpendicular to =0.50+or-0.03). Similar behaviour is observed for simulated river networks too: v/sub ///=vperpendicular to =0.66+or-0.03 correspond to these in the self-similarity region, while in the self-affinity region v/sub ///=0.74+or-0.03 and vperpendicular to =0.43+or-0.03. Proceeding from the self-affinity of individual rivers and river networks Hack's empirical law L approximately Fbeta has been substantiated (L is the length of the main river, F the catchment area), where beta =1/(1+H), H=vperpendicular to /v/sub ///, Hurst's exponent for river networks. The scaling for the water mass distribution over the river network in the self-affine region is also revealed: sigma m// approximately Lv, sigma m perpendicular to approximately Lv, vm//=0.72+or-0.03, vm perpendicular to =0.38+or-0.03. It is shown that in this region the water mass M depends upon the network total length and upon the catchment area as a power law: M approximately L1.67 approximately F1.43.
The relationship between NT proBNP and CT lung density in long term smokers (2012)

Introduction: Cardiovascular conditions are reported to be the most frequent cause of death in COPD.

Aims and objectives: The relationship between N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT proBNP) as a surrogate marker of congestive heart failure (CHF) and CT lung density remains unclear. Pulmonary oedema leads to increased CT lung density. Little is known about milder CHF and CT lung density. Lung cancer screening provides an opportunity to study this relationship.

Methods: 500 long-term smokers were selected from the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial (DLCST). Smoking habits were recorded and spirometry was performed. CT lung density was measured automatically by in-house developed computer software and expressed as the volume adjusted 15th percentile density (PD15). NT proBNP was measured as part of a panel of biomarkers. The 194 persons, who had the CT scan and the blood sample performed the exact same day, were included in a multiple regression model. The model included gender, pack years, number of cigarettes a day during the last month, COPD severity, and NT proBNP with PD15 as outcome variable.

Results: Female sex (+20.5g/l, SE 1.9, p< 0.001), high number of cigarettes a day (+0.6 g/l, SE 1.1, p< 0.001) and no or mild COPD (+0.2, SE 0.1, p<0.001) were associated with a higher PD15, but there was no correlation with NT proBNP (+0.0001, SE 0.002, p=0.959).

Conclusions: PD15 was not correlated to NT proBNP. Therefore milder degrees of CHF seem to have little influence on CT lung density. Lung density is higher in females, in people without COPD and in heavy current smokers.
Biochemical Factors Affecting Protein Accumulation in the Rice Grain (1970)

Rice grains (Oryza sativa L.) from three varieties and three pairs of lines with different protein content were collected at 4-day intervals from 4 to 32 days after flowering. The samples were analyzed for protein, free amino nitrogen, ribonucleic acid, protease activity, and ribonuclease activity. In addition, the capacity of the intact grain to incorporate amino acids was determined for the three pairs of lines. The maximal level of free amino nitrogen and the capacity of the developing grain to incorporate amino acids were consistently found to be higher in the samples with the high protein content in the mature grain. The ribonucleic acid content of the grain tended to be higher in the high protein samples.
Diagonal layout and surface strap trench (DST) cell [embedded DRAMs] (2002)

The present paper proposes a new trench type cell, which has an advantage of realizing long retention time distribution, and also which is suitable for realizing first access speed characteristics because the DST cell has the larger cell capacitance, the smaller cell leakage current and the smaller parasitic resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVE IN‐VITRO AROMATIC‐RING OXYGENATIONS OF CHIRAL 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ONES (1977)

Abstract Es wird gefunden, daß die biologische (Leber‐Enzyme) N‐1‐Demethylierung und C‐3‐Hydroxylierung der (R)‐ und (S)‐Enantiomeren der Benzodiazepinone (I) nichtstereoselektiv erfolgt.
The reduction of effective doping with extra dopant: n-Type doping of tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum with K (2012)

We studied the n-type doping effect of K deposited on tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3), which has been used for efficient organic semiconducting devices for the last decade. The K doped or inserted at the interface region of the Alq3/cathode has shown highly enhanced device characteristics and yet, peculiarly, extra doping of K has always deteriorated the device properties. We study the interfacial electronic structures of the Alq3–K system using in situ photoemission spectroscopy and a theoretical model to understand the origin of such deterioration. As the K doping progresses, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of pristine Alq3 is gradually filled and it becomes an occupied gap state. This reduction of LUMO density of states makes the electron injection diminished, which is the origin of the device deterioration.
An Investigation of the Time Dependence of Current Degradation In MOS Devices (1989)

A perturbation technique is used to solve the time-dependent transport equations, giving an accurate picture of the time dependence of hot-carrier-induced degradation in submicrometer MOS devices. The growth of the spatial distribution of both the interface-generated traps and the oxide-trapped charges are incorporated in a two-dimensional model using the effective electron temperature calculations. The calculations and the measurements show a self-limiting behavior of the degradation process. >
Prevalence and risk factors of long COVID 6–12 months after infection with the Omicron variant among nonhospitalized patients in Hong Kong (2023)

Long COVID has been reported among patients with COVID-19, but little is known about the prevalence and risk factors associated with long COVID 6-12 months after infection with the Omicron variant. This is a large-scale retrospective study. A total of 6242 out of 12 950 nonhospitalized subjects of all ages with SARS-CoV-2 infection (confirmed by polymerase chain reaction/rapid antigen test) during the Omicron dominant outbreak (December 31, 2021-May 6, 2022) in Hong Kong were included. Prevalence of long COVID, frequencies of symptoms, and risk factors were analyzed. Three thousand four hundred and thirty (55.0%) subjects reported at least one long COVID symptom. The most reported symptom was fatigue (1241, 36.2%). Female gender, middle age, obesity, comorbidities, vaccination after infection, having more symptoms, and presenting fatigue/chest tightness/headache/diarrhea in the acute stage of illness were identified as associated risk factors for long COVID. Patients who had received three or more doses of vaccine were not associated with a lower risk of long COVID (adjusted odds ratio 1.105, 95% confidence interval 0.985-1.239, p = 0.088). Among patients with at least three doses of vaccine, there was no significant difference in the risk of long COVID between the CoronaVac vaccine and BNT162b2 vaccine (p > 0.05). Omicron infection can lead to long COVID in a significant proportion of nonhospitalized patients 6-12 months after infection. Further investigation is needed to uncover the mechanisms underlying the development of long COVID and determine the impact of various risk factors such as vaccines.
Adaptive in-loop noise-filtered prediction for High Efficiency Video Coding (2011)

Compression of noisy image sequences is a hard challenge in video coding. Especially for high quality compression the preprocessing of videos is not possible, as it decreases the objective quality of the videos. In order to overcome this problem, this paper presents an in-loop denoising framework for efficient medium to high fidelity compression of noisy video data. It is shown that using low complexity in-loop noise estimation and noise filtering as well as adaptive selection of the denoised inter frame predictors can improve the compression performance. The proposed algorithm for adaptive selection of the denoised predictor is based on the actual HEVC reference model. The different inter frame prediction modes within the current HEVC reference model are exploited for adaptive selection of denoised prediction by transmission of some side information in combination with decoder side estimation for denoised prediction. The simulation results show considerable gains using the proposed in-loop denoising framework with adaptive selection. In addition the theoretical bounds for the compression efficiency, if we could perfectly estimate the adaptive selection of the denoised prediction in the decoder, are shown in the simulation results.
Structure of galactarate dehydratase, a new fold in an enolase involved in bacterial fitness after antibiotic treatment (2019)

Galactarate dehydratase (GarD) is the first enzyme in the galactarate/glucarate pathway and catalyzes the dehydration of galactarate to 3-keto-5-dehydroxygalactarate. This protein is known to increase colonization fitness of intestinal pathogens in antibiotic-treated mice and to promote bacterial survival during stress. The galactarate/glucarate pathway is widespread in bacteria, but not in humans, and thus could be a target to develop new inhibitors for use in combination therapy to combat antibiotic resistance. The structure of almost all the enzymes of the galactarate/glucarate pathway were solved previously, except for GarD, for which only the structure of the N-terminal domain was determined previously. Herein, we report the first crystal structure of full-length GarD solved using a seleno-methoionine derivative revealing a new protein fold. The protein consists of three domains, each presenting a novel twist as compared to their distant homologs. GarD in the crystal structure forms dimers and each monomer consists of three domains. The N-terminal domain is comprised of a β-clip fold, connected to the second domain by a long unstructured linker. The second domain serves as a dimerization interface between two monomers. The C-terminal domain forms an unusual variant of a Rossmann fold with a crossover and is built around a seven-stranded parallel β-sheet supported by nine α-helices. A metal binding site in the C-terminal domain is occupied by Ca<sup>2+</sup> . The activity of GarD was corroborated by the production of 5-keto-4-deoxy-D-glucarate under reducing conditions and in the presence of iron. Thus, GarD is an unusual enolase with a novel protein fold never previously seen in this class of enzymes.
Shift reactor for direct fuel cell hydrogen system (2023)

A multi-stage shift reactor includes a vessel having an inner chamber configured to contain a first shift catalyst, the first shift catalyst configured to receive anode exhaust gas form a fuel cell and to output a first shifted gas, and an outer chamber annularly disposed about the inner chamber and configured to contain a second shift catalyst, the second shift catalyst configured to receive the first shifted gas and output a second shifted gas. The shift reactor further includes a water injection port downstream from the inner chamber and packing between the water injection port and the outer chamber, the packing configured to prevent liquid water from passing therethrough.
Human Colon and Liver Cancer Cell Proliferation Inhibition by Peptide Hydrolysates Derived from Heat-Stabilized Defatted Rice Bran (2008)

Rice bran, an economical, underutilized coproduct of rough rice milling, was used to produce peptide hydrolysates, which were investigated for anticancer activity. Protein hydrolysates prepared by Alcalase hydrolysis under optimized conditions were treated further to obtain gastrointestinal (GI)-resistant peptide hydrolysates. They were fractionated into >50, 10-50, 5-10, and <5 kDa sizes and evaluated for inhibitory activity on proliferation of human colon (Caco-2) and liver (HepG2) cancer cell lines by Trypan blue dye exclusion assay. GI-resistant <5 and 5-10 kDa sized peptide fractions inhibited growth of Caco-2 cells by 80%, and the <5 kDa fraction inhibited growth of HepG2 cells by approximately 50% compared to controls and nonresistant fractions. An MTS cell titer assay confirmed antiproliferative effects of the peptide fractions. The results demonstrated that 5-10 and <5 kDa sized GI-resistant fractions promoted significant (p < 0.05) inhibitory activities on both cancer cell lines compared to controls. More investigations are needed to show such value-added effects on the technofunctional and sensorial properties of the food protein and peptide matrices.
Therapeutic vaccine against DPP4 improves glucose metabolism in mice (2014)

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with a significant economic burden. We developed a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)-targeted immune therapy to increase glucagon-like peptide 1 hormone levels and improve insulin sensitivity for the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Immunization with the DPP4 vaccine in C57BL/6J mice successfully increased DPP4 titer, inhibited plasma DPP4 activity, and induced an increase in the plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 level. Moreover, this elevated titer was sustained for 3 mo. In mice fed a high-fat diet, DPP4 vaccination resulted in improved postprandial glucose excursions and insulin sensitivity and, in the diabetic KK-A(y) and db/db mice strains, DPP4 vaccination significantly reduced glucose excursions and increased both plasma insulin and pancreatic insulin content. Importantly, T cells were not activated following challenge with DPP4 itself, which suggests that this vaccine does not induce cell-mediated autoimmunity. Additionally, no significant immune-mediated damage was detected in cells and tissues where DPP4 is expressed. Thus, this DPP4 vaccine may provide a therapeutic alternative for patients with diabetes.
Fabrication Process for Double Barrier Si-Based Quantum Well Resonant Tunneling Diodes (RTD) by UHV Wafer Bonding (2008)

Double barrier Si-based Resonant Tunneling Diode (RTD) structures were fabricated by ultra high vacuum (UHV) wafer bonding. 300 mm ultra thin body silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers with 10 nm top Si layers were developed and used for the integration of Si/SiO2((&lt;3nm)/Si(&lt;10nm)/SiO2(&lt;3nm)/Si RTD structures. The dielectric oxide/Si interfaces characterized by Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) measurements were of good quality. The bonded oxide/Si interfaces characterized by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) were atomically sharp.
EXTH-92. TARGETING PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM B CELL LYMPHOMA IGH CLONOTYPES USING NOVEL RNA-NPS (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND Recurrent PCNSBLs represent a therapeutic challenge. Up to 60% of PCNSBL patients relapse to later face survival rates as low as 22%. Unfortunately, tumor heterogeneity and off-target effects have limited the success of immunotherapy against PCNSBL. METHODS We propose a novel immunotherapy to overcome PCNSBL heterogeneity and off-target effects in an exquisitely tumor specific manner using nanoparticle vaccination, capable of delivering personalized tumor derived mRNAs, that induces systemic orchestration of innate and adaptive immunity. We target tumor antigens derived from the B cell receptor (i.e., heavy chain immunoglobulin - IgH) clonotypes. IgH clonotypes are hypervariable gene rearrangements clonally generated by B cells. Tumor IgH clonotypes are unique for each malignant B cell clone and hence attractive immune targets, not shared by normal B cell clones avoiding undesirable off-target effects. RESULTS RNA-NPs can reprogram tumor microenvironment while activating the innate immunity via IFN type I (i.e., IFNα) and priming of hypervariable region clonotype specific T cell responses in naïve mice. We determined the rearranged IgH sequences (predominant clone 99% and nine additional clones with frequencies &amp;lt; 1%) of clinically relevant inbred murine PCNSBL models (BAL17 and A20) by PCR. The number of identified clonotypes confirmed the IgH variability observed in human B cell hematological malignancies. In preliminary experiments targeting lymphoma derived single clonotypes with RNA-NPs, we showed the feasibility of priming in-vivo T cells specific against hypervariable regions after 3 weekly i.v. RNA-NPs (median IFNγ: 58 pg/ml; range: 50-70 pg/ml vs controls &amp;lt; 30 pg/ml; p=0.008). Targeting of clonotype RNA-NPs was associated with decreased tumor growth (p=0.04). Interestingly, we have observed tumor reactive lymphangiogenesis that communicates with regional skull bone marrow observed in 3D microscopy that might direct future routes of RNA-NP administration. CONCLUSION Our RNA-NP systemic vaccination platform can induce PCNSBL clonotype specific T cell responses, sparing normal tissues.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Regioselective Oxidative Bromination of Anilines Using Potassium Bromide and Sodium Perborate. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Respiratory virus infection after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant in a tropical center: Predictive value of the immunodeficiency scoring index (2017)

The ISI is a useful aid for decision-making during clinic consultation for patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of an RVI.
Case 94: Managing Pain and Paralysis in Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy in Diabetes (2015)

A 61-year-old Caucasian man with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes presented to our clinic with a 5-month history of right foot drop and severe excruciating pain in the right leg that progressed to the right buttock, left buttock, and left leg resulting in left foot drop. Before the visit, a neurologist had diagnosed him with diabetic amyotrophy and ganglioside GM1 antibody–mediated autoimmune neuropathy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain was unremarkable. Nerve conduction studies showed absent sural, ulnar, and radial potentials with a right peroneal motor nerve conduction velocity of 19.6 m/sec, and a right posterior tibial conduction velocity of 32.9 m/sec. The patient could walk a few steps using a cane but mainly used a wheelchair. He complained of numbness and burning sensations in his feet and legs. Pain control was inadequate using duloxetine 60 mg/d, pregabalin 75 mg in the morning and 150 mg in the afternoon and evening, gabapentin 300 mg as needed, tramadol 50 mg three times daily, and hydrocodone acetaminophen 7.5/750 mg as needed.
Data from First-in-Human Trial of Epichaperome-Targeted PET in Patients with Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I-PU-H71 is an investigational first-in-class radiologic agent specific for imaging tumor epichaperome formations. The intracellular epichaperome forms under cellular stress and is a clinically validated oncotherapeutic target. We conducted a first-in-human study of microdose &lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I-PU-H71 for PET to study &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and safety; and the feasibility of epichaperome-targeted tumor imaging.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Adult patients with cancer (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 30) received &lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I-PU-H71 tracer (201±12 MBq, &lt;25 μg) intravenous bolus followed by PET/CT scans and blood radioassays.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;&lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I-PU-H71 PET detected tumors of different cancer types (breast, lymphoma, neuroblastoma, genitourinary, gynecologic, sarcoma, and pancreas). &lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I-PU-H71 was retained by tumors for several days while it cleared rapidly from bones, healthy soft tissues, and blood. Radiation dosimetry is favorable and patients suffered no adverse effects.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Our first-in-human results demonstrate the safety and feasibility of noninvasive &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; detection of tumor epichaperomes using &lt;sup&gt;124&lt;/sup&gt;I-PU-H71 PET, supporting clinical development of PU-H71 and other epichaperome-targeted therapeutics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;