gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self‐potential signatures associated with an injection experiment at an in situ biological permeable reactive barrier (2010)

ABSTRACT Strategies available to evaluate the performance of in situ permeable reactive barriers are currently not well developed and often rely on fluid and media sampling directly from the permeable reactive barrier (PRB). Here, we investigate the utility of the self‐potential method as a technique to monitor in situ PRB performance. Our field study was conducted at in situ biological PRB in Portadown, Northern Ireland, UK, which was emplaced to assist in the remediation of groundwater contamination (e.g., hydrocarbons, ammonia) that resulted from the operations and waste disposal practices of a former gasworks. Borehole measurements were collected during the injection of contaminant groundwater slugs in an attempt to monitor/detect the response of the microbial activity associated with the breakdown of the added contaminants into the PRB. In addition, an uncontaminated groundwater slug was injected into a different portion of the PRB as a ‘control’ and measurements were collected for comparison to the response of the contaminant slugs. The results of the SP signals due to the contaminant injections show that the magnitude of the response was relatively small (&lt;10 mV) yet showed a consistent decrease during both contaminant injections. The net decrease in recorded during the contaminant injections slowly rebounded to near background values through ~44 hours post‐injection. The response during the uncontaminated injection showed a slight, albeit negligible (within the margin of error), 1 mV increase in the measured signals, in contrast to the contaminant injections. The results of the signals recorded from the uncontaminated groundwater injection also persisted through a period of ~47 hours after injection but show a net increase in relative to pre‐injection values. Based on the difference in response between the contaminated and uncontaminated injections, we suggest that the responses are likely to be the result of differences in the chemistry of the injection types (contaminated versus uncontaminated) and in situ groundwater. We argue that the signals associated with the contaminated injections are dominated by diffusion (electrochemical) potential, possibly enhanced by a microbial effect. While the results of our investigation show a consistent response associated with the contaminant injections that is dominated by diffusional effects, further studies are required in order to better understand the effect of microbial activity on signals and the potential utility for the method to detect/monitor changes that may be indicative of biological PRB performance.
Interconnecting Millions of Endpoints with Segment Routing (2019)

This document describes an application of Segment Routing to scale the
network to support hundreds of thousands of network nodes, and tens of
millions of physical underlay endpoints. This use-case can be applied
to the interconnection of massive-scale DCs and/or large aggregation
networks. Forwarding tables of midpoint and leaf nodes only require a
few tens of thousands of entries. This may be achieved by inherert
scaleable nature of Segment Routing and designed proposed in this
document.
Prevalent nosocomial clusters among causative agents for candidemia in Hamilton, Canada (2011)

In Canada, the incidence of candidemia, the bloodstream infection caused by Candida species, varied from 1.2-5.1 cases/100,000, representing the third most common type of bloodstream infections in intensive care unit patients. However, the relative contributions of nosocomial transmission in candidemia remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of nosocomial clusters among the causative agents for candidemia in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, during a period from January 2005 to February 2009. We genotyped 134 isolates from 125 unrelated patients with candidemia, among which were 87 C. albicans, 20 C. parapsilosis, 11 C. glabrata, 15 C. tropicalis, and one C. krusei. Our PCR fingerprinting analyses using three highly polymorphic primers identified a total of 99 genotypes, with 18 of them shared by 44 independent isolates. Nine pairs of isolates were obtained from the same patients at the same time and each pair had identical fingerprints. Interestingly, all 44 independent strains belonging to each of the shared genotypes were isolated from patients within 3-months stay in the Hamilton hospitals. Both inter- and intra-ward clusters were found, including one that contained strains from intensive care units in two hospitals. Our results indicated that 33% of the patients with candidemia were infected by nosocomial clusters and suggested that measures should be taken in hospitals to prevent nosocomial acquisition of Candida infections.
Turn-on capability of 22 kV SiC Emitter Turn-off (ETO) Thyristor (2015)

The turn-on characteristics for the SiC p-ETO are researched in this paper. By establishing the two-dimensional numerical model of the SiC p-ETO, the influence of the device parameters and external circuit conditions on the turn-on speed is discussed. The experiments agree with the simulated results well. The npn turn-on mode of ETO is captured in a high di/dt experiment, which proves the existence of the FBSOA for this time hence the possibility of its application in converters without di/dt snubber. According to the intrinsic temperature limitation of the SiC material, the simulation shows that the peak power density of the SiC p-ETO during turn-on could reach several tens of MW/cm2.
Cooperative Nanoparticles for Tumor Detection and Photothermally Triggered Drug Delivery (2009)

A cooperative nanosystem consisting of two distinct nanomaterials works in vivo to detect tumor tissues and deliver drugs to the site. Gold nanorods (GNRs) localize to the tumor region, where they report their location and convert near-infrared radiation to thermal energy. Circulating thermally labile therapeutic liposomes respond to the thermal signal, releasing their drug payload selectively in the GNR-populated tumor.
Cyclic aristeromycin diphosphate ribose: A potent and poorly hydrolysable Ca2+‐mobilising mimic of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (1996)

Cyclic aristeromycin diphosphate ribose, a carbocyclic analogue of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose, was synthesised using a chemo-enzymatic route involving activation of aristeromycin 5'-phosphate by diphenyl phosphochloridate. The calcium-releasing properties of this novel analogue were investigated in sea urchin egg homogenates. While cyclic aristeromycin diphosphate ribose has a calcium release profile similar to that of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose (EC50 values are 80 nM and 30 nM, respectively), it is degraded significantly more slowly (t1/2 values are 170 min and 15 min, respectively) and may, therefore, be a useful tool to investigate the activities of cyclic adenosine diphosphate ribose.
<title>Can transmyocardial CO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> laser channels supply nutritive blood flow into adjacent myocardium?</title> (1996)

Clinical reports of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) suggest that this procedure is effective in relieving angina. However, experimental evidence of nutritive blood flow through the TMLR channels is not available. The purpose of this study was to test whether blood could flow through the TMLR channels created with the carbon-dioxide laser.
A new polymorphic probe on chromosome 3p: λLIB39–63 (D3S616) (1991)

XLIB39-63 is a 2.9 kb EcoRI fragment isolated from a Charon 21A human chromosome 3 library (1).Polyorphism: RsaI digestion of genomic DNA and hybridization with the probe detects a two-allele polymorphism: 1.8 kb (Al) and 1.6 kb (A2).Frequency: Estimated from 120 unrelated Caucasians A1 :0.65 A2:0.35Frequency of Heterozygosity: 0.46.Not Polymorphic For: BamHI,
Comparison of Nanotube–Protein Corona Composition in Cell Culture Media (2013)

In biological environments, nanomaterials associate with proteins forming a protein corona (PC). The PC may alter the nanomaterial's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, thereby influencing toxicity. Using a label-free mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach, the composition of the PC is examined for a set of nanotubes (NTs) including unmodified and carboxylated single- (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-coated MWCNT (MWCNT-PVP), and nanoclay. NTs are incubated for 1 h in simulated cell culture conditions, then washed, resuspended in PBS, and assessed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for their associated PC. To determine those attributes that influence PC formation, the NTs are extensively characterized. NTs had negative zeta potentials in water (SWCNT-COOH < MWCNT-COOH < unmodified NTs) while carboxylation increases their hydrodynamic sizes. All NTs are also found to associate a common subset of proteins including albumin, titin, and apolipoproteins. SWCNT-COOH and MWCNT-COOH are found to bind the greatest number of proteins (181 and 133 respectively) compared to unmodified NTs (<100), suggesting covalent binding to protein amines. Modified NTs bind a number of unique proteins compared to unmodified NTs, implying hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions are involved in PC formation. PVP-coating of MWCNT did not influence PC composition, further reinforcing the possibility of hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions. No relationships are found between PC composition and corresponding isoelectric point, hydropathy, or aliphatic index, implying minimal roles of hydrophobic interaction and pi-stacking.
Portfolio (2011)

Different studies show that programmers are more interested in finding definitions of functions and their uses than variables, statements, or arbitrary code fragments [30, 29, 31]. Therefore, programmers require support in finding relevant functions and determining how those functions are used. Unfortunately, existing code search engines do not provide enough of this support to developers, thus reducing the effectiveness of code reuse.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies Neutralizing Varicella-Zoster Virus (1985)

Hybridomas secreting human monoclonal antibodies to varicella-zoster virus were produced by fusing B cells of a patient recovering from acute varicella infection with a human-mouse cell line. Two hybrid lines have continued to secrete IgG1, one with kappa and the other with lambda chains, for at least 12 months. Each antibody neutralizes virus infectivity between 1-5 micrograms of partially purified immunoglobulin/ml, each shows a different pattern of immunofluorescent staining of virus-infected cells, and one identifies three viral proteins with molecular weights of 60,000, 95,000, and 97,000.
Apolipoproteins J and E co-localise with amyloid in gelatinous drop-like and lattice type I corneal dystrophies (1999)

As in senile plaques in brain from a patient with Alzheimer's disease, apoJ and apoE co-localise with amyloid in corneas with GDCD and LCD-I.
Balancing Circuit for a 5-kV/50-ns Pulsed-Power Switch Based on SiC-JFET Super Cascode (2011)

In many pulsed-power applications, there is a trend to modulators based on semiconductor technology. For these modulators, high-voltage and high-current semiconductor switches are required in order to achieve a high pulsed power. Therefore, often, high-power IGBT modules or IGCT devices are used. Since these devices are based on bipolar technology, the switching speed is limited, and the switching losses are higher. In contrast to bipolar devices, unipolar ones (e.g., SiC JFETs) basically offer a better switching performance. Moreover, these devices enable high blocking voltages in the case where wide-band-gap materials, for example, SiC, are used. At the moment, SiC JFET devices with a blocking voltage of 1.2 kV per JFET are available. Alternatively, the operating voltage could be increased by connecting <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex></formula> JFETs and a low-voltage MOSFET in series, resulting in a super cascode switch with a blocking voltage <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex> </formula> times higher than the blocking voltage of a single JFET. For the super cascode, auxiliary elements are required for achieving a statically and dynamically balanced voltage distribution in the cascode. In this paper, a new balancing circuit, which results in faster switching transients and higher possible operating pulse currents, is presented and validated by measurement results.
The Trotter step size required for accurate quantum simulation of quantum chemistry (2015)

The simulation of molecules is a widely anticipated application of quantum computers. However, recent studies [1, 2] have cast a shadow on this hope by revealing that the complexity in gate count of such simulations increases with the number of spin orbitals N as N8 , which becomes prohibitive even for molecules of modest size N ∼ 100. This study was partly based on a scaling analysis of the Trotter step required for an ensemble of random artificial molecules. Here, we revisit this analysis and find instead that the scaling is closer to N6 in worst case for real model molecules we have studied, indicating that the random ensemble fails to accurately capture the statistical properties of real world molecules. Actual scaling may be significantly better than this due to averaging effects. We then present an alternative simulation scheme and show that it can sometimes outperform existing schemes, but that this possibility depends crucially on the details of the simulated molecule. We obtain further improvements using a version of the coalescing scheme of [1]; this scheme is based on using different Trotter steps for different terms. The method we use to bound the complexity of simulating a given molecule is efficient, in contrast to the approach of [1, 2] which relied on exponentially costly classical exact simulation.
Automatic synthesis of signal processing benchmark using the CATHEDRAL silicon compilers (2003)

A discussion is presented of implementation of two WDF (wave digital filter) benchmarks that have been designed with three architecture-specific silicon compilers. The design time for high-level synthesis and optimization is roughly one day. For each of the three synthesis systems, the elapsed design cycle starting from the specifications down to the optimized signal flow graph is another 1-2 days. For the architecture and layout generation (including the evaluation of the tradeoffs), the design time ranges from a few hours to a day. Specific higher-level filter specifications have been used for the synthesis with three different implementation strategies in the CATHEDRAL silicon compilers. It is shown that as an initial optimization step, it is important to initially choose a good algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Dynamic feedback linearization of Diesel engines with intake variable valve actuation (2007)

In this paper, a nonlinear control technique based on the property of flatness is proposed to control the air system of new generation diesel engines. The simulated engine is equipped with variable valve actuation (VVA), variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). The control objective is to achieve tracking of suitable references of flat outputs with corresponding intake conditions, which optimize fuel consumption under emission constraints. The proposed controller is designed on a fourth order nonlinear model and implemented by endogenous linearizing dynamic feedback on a full order mean value model. The controller assessed through simulations with a software-in-the-loop (SIL) architecture using dSpace simulator. It exhibits good control performance without zero dynamics and ensures global stability and tracking of flat output references.
Nocturnal hypoglycaemia and sleep disturbances in young teenagers with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. (1996)

Nocturnal hypoglycaemia is a common and usually asymptomatic complication of treatment in adolescents with IDDM. Moderate hypoglycaemia has not been shown to affect sleep architecture adversely. These findings are consistent with, and may explain, the observation that severe hypoglycaemia, with consequent seizure activity, is more common at night than during the day. Counterregulatory hormone responses to nocturnal hypoglycaemia may be less marked than with similar degrees of diurnal hypoglycaemia.
A New Cytotoxic Ceramide from Dalbergia boehmii Taub. Stem Bark (2022)

Background: Dalbergia boehmii (Leguminosae), is a medicinal plant used in the Northen part of Cameroon, against digestive tract diseases and fever. Objectives: This work which is part of the search for bioactive molecules through natural products, aimed to isolate, characterize and evaluate the cytotoxicity of compounds from D. boehmii. Materials and Methods: Chemical investigations were carrying out on stem barks of Dalbergia boehmii using chromatographic techniques. Structures elucidation of isolated compounds were done using 1D and 2D NMR as well as EI-MS and literature data. Some isolated compounds were evaluated in vitro against MCF-7 cell lines for their cytotoxicity activity, using the MTT colorimetric method. Results: The chemical investigation leaded to the isolation of a new ceramide derivative named Dalbergiamide (1), a triterpene identified as olean-12-ene-3,11-dione (2) isolated here for the first time from Dalbergia genus, along with two known compounds, glucoside 3-O--D-sitosterol (3) and glucoside 3-O--D-stigmasterol (4). Compounds 1 and 2 were found to be cytotoxic at 50 M with IC 50 value of 17.13 M and 35.52 2.95 M respectively. Conclusion: These promising results suggested more in-depth studies should be carried out on this plant in order to assess its potential in the fight against cancer.
Fracture Design Optimization Utilizing 3D Simulation Models & Sensitivity Analysis for Unconventional Reservoirs (2023)

Abstract Hydraulic fracturing is the gateway for achieving new levels of unconventional resource production. However, hydraulic fracturing requires careful planning and optimized design for it to be profitable. There are multiple parameters that affect the performance of a hydraulic fracture design. One of the most important parameters that effect the performance of hydraulic fracturing is the fracture cluster spacing (FCS). FCS design is a complicated task especially for a new area due to the complexity of rock mechanics involved in unconventional reservoirs. We developed a novel sensitivity analysis approach to optimize the FCS using a 2D and 3D hydraulic fracturing models built with field data acquired from a well producing in the Eagle Ford. Our optimization criteria include fracture conductivity, fracture cluster length, fracture cluster width, proppant coverage, and fluid loss. The main optimization constraint during the fracture design was to avoid stress shadowing effects and screenout issues. This approach consists of two phases. Phase 1: Investigation of optimum clusters per stage number. Phase 2: Creation of the optimum fracture design. First step in our methodology is generating the simulation model by importing the log data to distinguish potential pay zone(s) and calculate the stress profile of these zone(s). Second step is to build a permanent 2D simulation model by selecting a perforation design, optimum proppant size, proppant type, pumping rate, and fluid type to finally attain an injection schedule for the 3D model. The final step is to optimize the 3D model’s performance by selecting the ideal FCS per stage. Our results show that the optimum cluster design is 3 fractures per stage with 200 feet spacing between fracture clusters (FCS). We observed that most cases outside the optimum design will cause stress shadowing which needs to be avoided for the sake of fracture efficiency and well productivity. Although, this FCS design is for a specific area, our comprehensive sensitivity analysis approach will be a guide to many operators to design fracture jobs more efficiently in the future because stress shadowing can happen for any area in the world. Our optimization study also revealed that we can get an efficient hydraulic fracture design with low number of clusters which will have a positive impact on the environment due to water preservation. It will also reduce the cost of the operation and the time it takes to complete the fracture job.
Loading dilatometer (1984)

A loading dilatometer has been constructed to study the sintering behavior of powder compacts subjected to low uniaxial stresses between 0 and 0.4 MPa and at temperatures up to 1250 K. A novel feature of the instrument is a device for the application of a controlled and measured stress to the sintering compact. Constant, as well as transient, stresses can be applied and the atmosphere inside the dilatometer can be controlled. Some representative results are reported.
RETINAL TOXICITY OF INTRAVITREAL KENALOG IN ALBINO RABBITS (2007)

Intravitreal injection of 4 mg Kenalog suspension is retinotoxic to albino rabbit eyes. The vehicle of Kenalog is probably the main cause of this toxicity.
Positive real ℋ/sub ∞/ controller design-an LMI approach (2005)

This paper presents a solution to the /spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// control problem for an extended strictly positive real plant subject to the constraint that the controller is positive real. Under a fixed order approximation of an /spl Rscr//spl Hscr//sub /spl infin// parameter, a necessary and sufficient condition is given in terms of a system of linear matrix inequalities. A flexible beam example is included to illustrate the design methodology.
P-Chirogenic Phosphine/Sulfide Hybrid Ligands (2001)

P-Chirogenic phosphine/sulfide hybrid ligands 1 were prepared by the use of optically active phosphine-boranes as the intermediates. The palladium complexes of the ligands exhibited high catalytic activity and enantioselectivity in allylic alkylation of 1-acetoxy-1,3-diphenylprop-2-ene with malonate esters.
Spatially resolvable phase conjugate thresholding system (1988)

In many classes of coherent optical processor that employ feedback or iterative optical algorithms, such as associative memories, a thresholding system is required that preserves the spatial distribution of the input Image information. Moreover, in certain architectures, an additional requirement is that the processed information be retroreturned for subsequent iterations. In principle, an array of thresholding, or self-pumped, phase conjugate mirrors (i.e., without transverse beam overlap), can satisfy these needs.