gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of T-Cell Functions in KIR2DL3 (CD158b) Transgenic Mice (1999)

In humans, a minor subset of T cells express killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) at their surface. In vitro data obtained with KIR(+) alphabeta and gammadelta T-cell clones showed that engagement of KIR molecules can extinguish T-cell activation signals induced via the CD3/T-cell receptor (TCR) complex. We analyzed the T-cell compartment in mice transgenic for KIR2DL3 (Tg-KIR2DL3), an inhibitory receptor for HLA-Cw3. As expected, mixed lymphocyte reaction and anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb)-redirected cytotoxicity exerted by freshly isolated splenocytes can be inhibited by engagement of transgenic KIR2DL3 molecules. In contrast, antigen and anti-CD3 MoAb-induced cytotoxicity exerted by alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes cannot be inhibited by KIR2DL3 engagement. In double transgenic mice, Tg-KIR2DL3 x Tg-HLA-Cw3, no alteration of thymic differentiation could be documented. Immunization of double transgenic mice with Hen egg white lysozime (HEL) or Pigeon Cytochrome-C (PCC) was indistinguishable from immunization of control mice, as judged by recall antigen-induced in vitro proliferation and TCR repertoire analysis. These results indicate that KIR effect on T cells varies upon cell activation stage and show unexpected complexity in the biological function of KIRs in vivo.
Hydrodynamic and drift-diffusion modelling of charge carrier transport in ZnS:Mn thin-film electroluminescent structures (2006)

A set of model equations in the framework of the hydrodynamic approach is set up to describe the longitudinal charge carrier transport in ac-driven ZnS:Mn thin-film electroluminescent structures. Band-to-band impact ionization and a single type of hole recombination centres are taken into account to model charge carrier generation and recombination in the ZnS:Mn layer. The influence of the electric-field dependence of the impact ionization coefficients is analysed by comparing different models for this coefficient which have been used in the literature. Extensive numerical simulations within the framework of the drift-diffusion approach are presented. The main focus is on the average current–voltage characteristic and its dependence on several parameters such as the frequency of the driving voltage or geometry parameters of the ZnS:Mn layer. By comparing the results with those obtained within a hydrodynamic model it is found that, although very high carrier temperatures are reached, the longitudinal transport behaviour is similar in both models. The reason for this is the dominance of the longitudinal drift currents compared to diffusion and temperature-induced currents. The results are in good agreement with experiments. In contrast to simplified transport models which have been used previously the model equations formulated in this paper can be applied to describe the behaviour in thin-film structures with spatially extended contact areas exhibiting lateral pattern formation in certain parameter ranges.
Narratives: A visualization to track narrative events as they develop (2008)

Analyzing unstructured text streams can be challenging. One popular approach is to isolate specific themes in the text, and to visualize the connections between them. Some existing systems, like ThemeRiver, provide a temporal view of changes in themes; other systems, like In-Spire, use clustering techniques to help an analyst identify the themes at a single point in time. Narratives combines both of these techniques; it uses a temporal axis to visualize ways that concepts have changed over time, and introduces several methods to explore how those concepts relate to each other. Narratives is designed to help the user place news stories in their historical and social context by understanding how the major topics associated with them have changed over time. Users can relate articles through time by examining the topical keywords that summarize a specific news event. By tracking the attention to a news article in the form of references in social media (such as weblogs), a user discovers both important events and measures the social relevance of these stories.
132 Intraoperative, High-Resolution Electrocorticography Mapping in Parkinson Patients During a Reaching Task Supports a Compensatory Role for Sensorimotor Cortical Oscillations in the Low-Dopamine State (2015)

INTRODUCTION: In Parkinson patients in the OFF medication state, basal ganglia local field potentials exhibit characteristic changes in beta and gamma oscillations that may be directly related to the symptoms of rigidity and bradykinesia. However, magnetoencephalography and low-resolution electrocorticography (ECoG) studies of sensorimotor cortex suggest that changes in cortical oscillations in Parkinson patients may differ from those of the basal ganglia during the OFF medication state. METHODS: To further explore sensorimotor cortex oscillatory activity in Parkinson disease (PD), we performed high-resolution ECoG (2-6 contacts per gyrus and 1-2 contacts per sulcus) recordings intraoperatively in patients undergoing deep brain stimulator placement in the awake state. We analyzed ECoG potentials during a computer-controlled task designed to separate movement preparation from movement execution and compared findings with similar invasive recordings in patients with essential tremor (ET), a condition not associated with rigidity or bradykinesia. RESULTS: We show that (1) cortical beta spectral power is not different between PD and ET patients, (2) motor preparation in Parkinson patients in the OFF medication state is associated with increased cortical beta reactivity compared with patients with ET, and (3) cortical broadband gamma power is elevated compared with ET patients during both rest and task recordings. CONCLUSION: Our findings are suggestive of an inverse oscillatory profile in the sensorimotor cortex of Parkinson patients that, in contrast to basal ganglia, may act to facilitate movement in the face of an antikinetic bias inherent in the dopamine-depleted state.
(R,R)-Bis(tert-butylmethylphosphino)methane (2002)

[224618-29-5] C11H26P2 (220.27) InChI = 1S/C11H26P2/c1-10(2,3)12(7)9-13(8)11(4,5)6/h9H2,1-8H3/t12-,13-/m0/s1 InChIKey = YJGHIDMONLDCCH-STQMWFEESA-N (a chiral ligand for transition metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions) Alternate Name: MiniPHOS. Physical Data: colorless oil. Solubility: soluble most organic solvents. Preparative Methods: phosphorus trichloride is allowed to react sequentially with alkylmagnesium chloride, methylmagnesium bromide, and BH3–THF complex in THF to give alkyldimethylphosphine-borane. The phosphine-borane so obtained is enantioselectively deprotonated by sec-BuLi in the presence of (−)-sparteine in Et2O at −78 to −50°C, followed by treatment with alkyldichlorophosphine, methylmagnesium bromide, and BH3-THF complex to give a MiniPHOS-borane complex as a diastereomixture. After removal of the meso-isomer by silica gel chromatography, the enantiomerically pure product is obtained by recrystallization from methanol or ethanol. The boranato group is removed by reaction with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in toluene, followed by treatment with aqueous KOH to give the desired diphosphine 1 (eq 1). (1) Purification: filtered through Al2O3 with Et2O elution under N2 or Ar atmosphere. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: stench. Undergoes oxidation to the phosphine oxide on standing in air. Usually prepared before use by deboranation of the air stable phosphine-borane.
Differentiation of Chemical Components in a Binary Solvent Vapor Mixture Using Carbon/Polymer Composite-Based Chemiresistors (1999)

We demonstrate a ''universal solvent sensor'' constructed from a small array of carbon/polymer composite chemiresistors that respond to solvents spanning a wide range of Hildebrand volubility parameters. Conductive carbon particles provide electrical continuity in these composite films. When the polymer matrix absorbs solvent vapors, the composite film swells, the average separation between carbon particles increases, and an increase in film resistance results, as some of the conduction pathways are broken. The adverse effects of contact resistance at high solvent concentrations are reported. Solvent vapors including isooctane, ethanol, dlisopropyhnethylphosphonate (DIMP), and water are correctly identified (''classified'') using three chemiresistors, their composite coatings chosen to span the full range of volubility parameters. With the same three sensors, binary mixtures of solvent vapor and water vapor are correctly classified, following classification, two sensors suffice to determine the concentrations of both vapor components. Polyethylene vinylacetate and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are two such polymers that are used to classify binary mixtures of DIMP with water vapor; the PVA/carbon-particle-composite films are sensitive to less than 0.25{degree}A relative humidity. The Sandia-developed VERI (Visual-Empirical Region of Influence) technique is used as a method of pattern recognition to classify the solvents and mixtures and to distinguish them from water vapor. In many cases, the response of a given composite sensing film to a binary mixture deviates significantly from the sum of the responses to the isolated vapor components at the same concentrations. While these nonlinearities pose significant difficulty for (primarily) linear methods such as principal components analysis, VERI handles both linear and nonlinear data with equal ease. In the present study the maximum speciation accuracy is achieved by an array containing three or four sensor elements, with the addition of more sensors resulting in a measurable accuracy decrease.
Evolving Intelligent Systems (2010)

From theory to techniques, the first all-in-one resource for EIS There is a clear demand in advanced process industries, defense, and Internet and communication (VoIP) applications for intelligent yet adaptive/evolving systems. Evolving Intelligent Systems is the first self- contained volume that covers this newly established concept in its entirety, from a systematic methodology to case studies to industrial applications. Featuring chapters written by leading world experts, it addresses the progress, trends, and major achievements in this emerging research field, with a strong emphasis on the balance between novel theoretical results and solutions and practical real-life applications. Explains the following fundamental approaches for developing evolving intelligent systems (EIS): the Hierarchical Prioritized Structure the Participatory Learning Paradigm the Evolving Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy systems (eTS+) the evolving clustering algorithm that stems from the well-known Gustafson-Kessel offline clustering algorithm Emphasizes the importance and increased interest in online processing of data streams Outlines the general strategy of using the fuzzy dynamic clustering as a foundation for evolvable information granulation Presents a methodology for developing robust and interpretable evolving fuzzy rule-based systems Introduces an integrated approach to incremental (real-time) feature extraction and classification Proposes a study on the stability of evolving neuro-fuzzy recurrent networks Details methodologies for evolving clustering and classification Reveals different applications of EIS to address real problems in areas of: evolving inferential sensors in chemical and petrochemical industry learning and recognition in robotics Features downloadable software resources Evolving Intelligent Systems is the one-stop reference guide for both theoretical and practical issues for computer scientists, engineers, researchers, applied mathematicians, machine learning and data mining experts, graduate students, and professionals.
Protein-Stabilized Foams (2018)

Proteins represent a major element of naturally occurring or industrially manufactured foams. This chapter describes foaming properties of proteins having limited content of secondary structures and no covalent bounds, the so-called random coil proteins which behave closely to low molecular weight surfactants or block copolymers. It focuses on globular proteins, with special emphasis on &quot;traditionally used&quot; whey, egg white, and soy—as a model of plant—proteins. The most commonly used globular proteins in foams are whey proteins and egg white proteins, and to a lesser extent, soy proteins. Hydrophobins are small globular proteins which are found in several species of filamentous fungi such as Agaricus bisporus, Trichoderma reesei or Neurospora crassa. Protein aggregates can be obtained by several ways, but the most common one is to heat a dispersion of native proteins above their denaturation temperature in order to promote their three dimensional aggregation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐5H‐dibenz(b,d)azepin‐6(7H)‐one. (1977)

Abstract trans‐o‐Nitro‐zimtsäure (I) reagiert mit 2,3‐Dimethylbutadien (II) zum Addukt (IIIa).
Supplemental Data from The Antitumor Efficacy of IL2/IL21-Cultured Polyfunctional Neu-Specific T Cells Is TNFα/IL17 Dependent (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1. Phenotypic characterization of T-cells in expanded T-cell lines. Supplemental Figure 1. T-cell lines derived from all cytokine conditions generated IFN-gamma response to neu p98 antigen. Supplemental Figure 2. Tumor infiltrating CD8+ T-cells post Tcell infusions. Supplemental Figure 3. Polyfunctional human HER2 specific T cells can be generated from a breast cancer patients immunized with a HER2-peptide based vaccine and expanded with IL-21/IL-2.&lt;/p&gt;
P2–210: The architecture of mild cognitive impairment: A preliminary study (2006)

Correlations of cognitive test–retest score changes of elderly patients in dementia studies remains controversial. To determine associations between novel test–retest neuropsychological indicators of elderly controls and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) participants (Petersen Mayo criteria). 1) Serial cognitive performance at 6–month to 1–year–intervals using standard neuropsychological and informant–based measures. 2) Practice effects on performance between the two groups. 3) Characterization of participants failing to benefit from practice effects. 4) Determining the effect of education on brain resiliency. 5) Correlations with blood and neuroimaging studies. Screening 1300 volunteers selected 183 individuals for testing with (comprehensive neuropsychological batteries) and videotaped Clinical Dementia Ratings (CDR). Twenty–eight controls and 76 MCI participants have been studied the past 36 months. Sixteen MCI participants have withdrawn; all controls remain. Serial MR (SWI, MP–RAGE, MRS, FLAIR, T1, T2) and blood studies (iron regulatory proteins, cytokines) are correlated with test–retest cognitive status. Control and MCI cohorts test significantly different for MMSE, Logical Memory raw score, CDR raw score, total sum of CDR boxes, Trail Making Test B, Word Fluency: Phonemic and Semantic, Boston Naming Test (short version), Wisconsin Card Sorting Perseverative Errors and Categories Complete, and Draw–A–Clock at baseline. Of the 76 MCI cases at baseline, 68 are multiple domain and 8 are single domain MCI amnestic. Subsequent tests performed at 6–months to 1–year after initial examination for 36 months revealed significant differences between control and MCI performance for the same set of tests. MR and blood studies form baseline values for further comparison. 1) Control participants performed significantly better than MCI participants on both sequential neuropsychological and informant–based measures. 2) Control participants have improved cognitive performance over time due to practice effects in semantic memory. 3) MCI participants did not benefit from practice effects. 4) Progressive MCI participants have low semantic memory scores, those who have not progressed show more variance. The cognitive decline of the progressive MCI participants became rapidly precipitous during the time frame of this study and can be correlated with MR and blood studies. This research was funded by NIH Grant #AG20948.
Origins of positronium emitted fromSiO2 (1998)

The time-of-flight of positronium emitted from single-crystal and amorphous ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}$ has been measured using a high-intensity pulsed positron beam at KEK. For both the samples, two components of peak energies around 1 and 3 eV have been observed. They are attributed to the Ps formed in the bulk and on the surface of the ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2},$ respectively.
Reliability-based calibration of resistance factors for static bearing capacity of driven steel pipe piles (2010)

As part of a study to develop load and resistance factor design (LRFD) codes for foundation structures in South Korea, resistance factors for the static bearing capacity of driven steel pipe piles were calibrated in the framework of the reliability theory. A database of 52 static load test results was compiled, and the data from these load test piles were sorted into two cases: a standard penetration test (SPT) N-value at pile tip (i) less than 50 and (ii) equal to or more than 50. Reliability analyses and resistance factor calibration for the two static bearing capacity analysis methods adopted in the Korean Design standards for foundation structures were performed using the first-order reliability method (FORM) and the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). Reliability indices and resistance factors computed by the MCS are statistically identical to those computed by FORM. Target reliability indices were selected as 2.0 and 2.33 for the group pile case and 2.5 for the single pile case. The resistance factors recommended from this study are specific for the pile foundation design and construction practice and the subsurface conditions in South Korea.
Rhodium-catalyzed ortho C–H bond activation of arylamines for the synthesis of quinoline carboxylates (2016)

The rhodium catalyzed annulation of anilines with alkynic esters allowing for the high-yield synthesis of quinoline carboxylates with excellent regioselectivity is described. This unprecedented reaction employs either formic acid as the C1 source and reductant or copper(ii) as the oxidant and is proposed to proceed via rhodacycle of in situ generated amide and enamine ester followed by ortho C-H activation of arylamines with rhodium as the catalyst.
A Numerical Study of Mineral Dissolution in Deep Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs: Implications for CO2 Geo-sequestration (2023)

Abstract CO2 geo-sequestration has shown potential to mitigate global warming caused by anthropogenic CO2 emissions. In this context, CO2 can be immobilized in subsurface formations due to chemical dissolution/precipitation via mineral trapping. However, long-term mineralization involves interdependent complexity of dissolution and precipitation kinetics. In this study, a numerical approach is developed and implemented to analyze the effect of rock type, reservoir temperature, brine salinity on CO2 mineral trapping in compositionally distinct subsurface carbonate reservoirs. Here, we simulated field-scale models for three different subsurface reservoirs’ compositions (calcite, dolomite, and siderite) to assess the mineral trapping capacity. The base case of a 3D carbonate formation was created. The petrophysical parameters were then upscaled (Sw, Sg, K, and φ) to capture the subsurface conditions. Subsequently, CO2 mineral trapping capacity was computed for different rock compositions mimicking carbonate/brine/CO2 systems. Moreover, the CO2 geo-storage potential was assessed under reservoir temperature, salinity, storage duration, and cumulative injected CO2. The effect of reservoir mineralogy was analyzed via the amount of CO2 mineralized within 100 years of storage duration following 2 years of injection as a base case. The results revealed significant variation in storage capacity as the mineral type changed. In particular, 100% calcite surface showed the highest CO2 storage capacity compared to both dolomite and siderite. The results could be attributed to the distinction of each mineral in terms of its relative cations dissolve-out rate. Moreover, increasing the reservoir temperature resulted in a monotonic increase in mineralization potential with an insignificant increase in case of siderite. Notably, calcite outperformed both siderite and dolomite as a preferable medium for CO2 mineralization as the injection duration increased over both 100 and 200 years of storage. Additionally, the increase in salinity either significantly decreased the amount of CO2 mineralized in case of calcite and siderite or showed no effect at all in case of dolomite. This work provides a new insight for underpinning the effects of carbonate reservoir composition on CO2 mineral trapping capacity which has not been investigated much. Overall, the results showed that CO2 trapping in subsurface carbonates immobilized CO2 for a long-term stable geo-storage.
Design and phantom-based validation of a bimodal ultrasound-photoacoustic imaging system for spectral detection of optical biomarkers (2015)

The construction of photoacoustic tomography (PAT) systems that combine tunable laser sources and ultrasound systems for bimodal imaging and spectroscopic applications such as oximetry presents novel challenges to the biophotonics researcher. We address some of the design issues, including system synchronization, cross-platform integration, and image reconstruction algorithms, and present techniques for device performance validation. Our system comprises a pulsed Nd:YAG laser-pumped optical parametric oscillator for near-infrared tunability and a research-grade ultrasound acquisition system compatible with multiple clinical transducers to enable wide variation in operating parameters. Considerations such as pulse energy variability, ultrasound transducer properties, and spectral energy compensation, and their impact on measurements are presented. Spectral imaging was performed on tissue-simulating phantoms made of a custom polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastisol gel designed to mimic both the optical properties (absorption, scattering) and acoustic properties (sound velocity, attenuation) of human breast tissue. Phantoms contained fluid channels at various depths which were injected with either oxyhemoglobin or organic dye solutions as absorptive targets. Spectral analysis of these solutions was performed for channel depths from 0.5 to 3 cm and at radiant exposures up to the ANSI maximum permissible exposure. Recovered photoacoustic spectra are compared with absorption spectra measured using spectrophotometry. Results provide insight into the influence of factors that impact the quality of spectroscopic measurements and reconstructed images in ultrasound-PAT systems.
Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties for Ceramic Composite Films Coated on Steel by Wet Process (2006)

A ceramic coating slurry was designed, which suspended or dissolved ceramic components (silica, titania, alumina and kaolinite) and glass-forming components (alkali silicates and soda ash) in water. SiO2-Al2O3-TiO2 based composite films (about 100 μm thick) were deposited on a steel plate by coating the slurry with a brush, followed by drying and calcination. The ceramic coatings obtained under proper conditions were found to exhibit excellent stability over a wide range of temperature. As evaluated by copper electrodeposition method, through-holes were present in the coatings calcined at 700°C or below, while they were eliminated completely after calcination at 1100°C in N2. Vickers hardness of the coatings increased with increasing calcination temperature, while adhesive strength went through a sharp maximum at 800°C.
Reliability of a new method for assessing urethral compression following midurethral tape procedures using four‐dimensional ultrasound (2011)

4D ultrasound can be used to obtain measurements with good reliability in the assessment of urethral compression.