gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Experimental Study on Pretraining Transformers from Scratch for IR (2023)

Finetuning Pretrained Language Models (PLM) for IR has been de facto the standard practice since their breakthrough effectiveness few years ago. But, is this approach well understood? In this paper, we study the impact of the pretraining collection on the final IR effectiveness. In particular, we challenge the current hypothesis that PLM shall be trained on a large enough generic collection and we show that pretraining from scratch on the collection of interest is surprisingly competitive with the current approach. We benchmark first-stage ranking rankers and cross-encoders for reranking on the task of general passage retrieval on MSMARCO, Mr-Tydi for Arabic, Japanese and Russian, and TripClick for specific domain. Contrary to popular belief, we show that, for finetuning first-stage rankers, models pretrained solely on their collection have equivalent or better effectiveness compared to more general models. However, there is a slight effectiveness drop for rerankers pretrained only on the target collection. Overall, our study sheds a new light on the role of the pretraining collection and should make our community ponder on building specialized models by pretraining from scratch. Last but not least, doing so could enable better control of efficiency, data bias and replicability, which are key research questions for the IR community.
Reporting on Some Logic-Based Machine Reading Research. (2007)

Much sponsored research in our lab either falls under or intersects with machine reading. In this short paper we give an encapsulated presentation of some of the research in question, leaving aside, for the most part, the considerable detailed technical information that underlies our work.1 Demonstrations of our technology will be provided at the symposium itself. Our machine reading research can be viewed as falling under two categories, viz.,
SDN enablers in the ETSI AFI GANA Reference Model for Autonomic Management &amp; Control (emerging standard), and Virtualization impact (2013)

This standardization oriented paper describes the SDN (Software-Driven Networking) Enablers in the ETSI AFI GANA Reference Model for Autonomic Management & Control (an emerging standard from ETSI), and impact of Virtualization. This is because in this study we see that Autonomic Management & Control and SDN (Software-Driven Networking) share the same objective of enabling programmable, manageable, dynamically self-adaptable and cost-effective networks and services. SDN enablers in the AFI GANA Model are: (1) Modularization of Logically centralized Control Software (the GANA Network Level DEs in the GANA Knowledge Plane) and Reference Points Definitions; (2) Primitives for Programmability at various layers; (3) Use of Runtime Executable Behavioral Models to complement the use of Policy-Control and dynamic policies; (4) The role and value the GANA MBTS (Model Based Translation Service) brings in SDN; (5) The role and value the GANA ONIX (Overlay Network for Information eXchange) brings in SDN; (6) Interworking GANA Knowledge Plane Decision Elements and SDN Controllers; (7) GANA “Decision-Making-Elements” logics as “software” that can be loaded into nodes and network (enabling “software-empowered networks”). The study is important because it is now becoming critical to study and explore the relationships between Autonomic Management & Control and SDN paradigms, as well as Virtualization, identify complementarities between the paradigms and close the gaps by unifying SDN concepts and associated frameworks with the emerging ETSI AFI GANA Reference Model standard for Autonomic Networking, Cognitive Networking and Self-Management, a hybrid model enabling to combine both centralized and distributed control.
Nearest-neighbor and bilinear resampling factor estimation to detect blockiness or blurriness of an image (2008)

In digital publishing, a low-resolution image is highly undesirable. Inexperienced users often try to include low-resolution images from the Internet or digital cameras in documents they are composing. Current preflight tools are able to single them out, but what if those low-resolution images have been interpolated? They may have a sufficient resolution, but their quality has been compromised, especially images interpolated by nearest-neighbor (which includes pixel replication) and bilinear interpolation. The interpolated images often display blocky artifacts, blurry artifacts, or loss of texture. We outline novel nearest-neighbor and bilinear interpolation detection algorithms that are designed to estimate rational resampling factors (above 1) in both the vertical and horizontal dimensions. The robustness of these algorithms to several common postprocessing algorithms is also evaluated.
National Trends for Primary and Revision Lumbar Disc Arthroplasty Throughout the United States (2017)

From 2005 to 2013, primary LDA significantly declined in the United States by 86% despite several studies pointing to improved efficacy and cost-efficiency. This disparity may be related to a lack of surgeon reimbursement from insurance companies. Congruently, the number of revision LDA cases has declined 30%, while revision burden has risen from 6% to 24%.
Integration of deep transcriptome and proteome analyses reveals the components of alkaloid metabolism in opium poppy cell cultures (2010)

The integration of deep transcriptome and proteome analyses provides an effective platform to catalogue the components of secondary metabolism, and to identify genes encoding uncharacterized enzymes. The establishment of corresponding transcript and protein databases generated by next-generation technologies in a system with a well-defined metabolite profile facilitates an improved linkage between genes, enzymes, and pathway components. The proteome database represents the most relevant alkaloid-producing enzymes, compared with the much deeper and more complete transcriptome library. The transcript database contained full-length mRNAs encoding most alkaloid biosynthetic enzymes, which is a key requirement for the functional characterization of novel gene candidates.
Eliminating chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells by IRAK1/4 inhibitors (2022)

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) are quiescent, insensitive to BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and responsible for CML relapse. Therefore, eradicating quiescent CML LSCs is a major goal in CML therapy. Here, using a G<sub>0</sub> marker (G<sub>0</sub>M), we narrow down CML LSCs as G<sub>0</sub>M- and CD27- double positive cells among the conventional CML LSCs. Whole transcriptome analysis reveals NF-κB activation via inflammatory signals in imatinib-insensitive quiescent CML LSCs. Blocking NF-κB signals by inhibitors of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1/4 (IRAK1/4 inhibitors) together with imatinib eliminates mouse and human CML LSCs. Intriguingly, IRAK1/4 inhibitors attenuate PD-L1 expression on CML LSCs, and blocking PD-L1 together with imatinib also effectively eliminates CML LSCs in the presence of T cell immunity. Thus, IRAK1/4 inhibitors can eliminate CML LSCs through inhibiting NF-κB activity and reducing PD-L1 expression. Collectively, the combination of TKIs and IRAK1/4 inhibitors is an attractive strategy to achieve a radical cure of CML.
Effect of Graphite Diameter Added on the Tensile Strength of Fe-Cu-C Sintered Material (2009)

It is well known that the pore morphology has a direct effect on the strength of sintered material. On the other hand, the strength of sintered material is influenced by the microstructure. In this study, the effects of graphite powder diameter on the pore morphology and the microstructure of Fe-2%Cu-C sintered materials, where the graphite powder amount added was 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mass%, were examined. The main results are as follows; (1) With decrease in the graphite powder diameter from 17 to 1.5 μm, the pore size after sintering was reduced. (2) The tensile strength of sintered materials indicated a peak at 4.2 μm of the graphite particle diameter. (3) The tensile strength was correlated to the area fraction of pearlite.
Metrics for depolarization (2005)

Several single-valued metrics have been introduced for the assessment of depolarization including the Depolarization Index and the Average Degree of Polarization (obtained by averaging the exiting degree of polarization over all incident polarization states). These metrics are compared then a more complete representation of depolarization is introduced, the Degree of Polarization Surfaces, which help elucidate the structure of the depolarization degrees of freedom within the Mueller calculus.
Heterogeneous WO3/H2O2 system for degradation of Indigo Carmin dye from aqueous solution (2021)

In this work, tungsten oxide crystals (WO3), with different sizes and morphologies were prepared using the reflux condensation method. Tungsten oxide crystals were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Then, the particles were used as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst in the presence of green oxidant H2O2 for Indigo Carmin (IC) dye degradation. The efficiency of the coupling WO3/H2O2 showed at 600 °C, that it was possible to remove about 90% of the initial color of IC after 120 min in a batch reaction at 65 °C. Moreover, the coupling maintained high activity after four continuous cycles when tungsten oxide particles were recorvered.
Design and Testing of Rapid Single Flux Quantum Shift Registers with Magnetically Coupled (1992)

Experimental superconducting shift registers con- sisting of on-chip clock generators, clock regeneration and dis- tribution circuits, shift register elements, and readout circuits are designed using rapid single flux quantum logic / memory (RSFQ) gates. A 7-b shift register has been tested to 12 GHz and a 17-b to 21 GHz using external triggering clocks with relative delay measurements. Testing with internal clocks generated from Josephson oscillations shows a potential high-speed opera- tion of 45 GHz for the 7-b and 30 GHz for the 17-b shift registers. Two types of magnetically coupled readout gates are discussed. The chips are fabricated using a Nb/AIO,/Nb Josephson-junction process at a critical-current density of 1000 A / cm2. The power dissipation per bit is 3 p.W.
A Feasibility Study of Autonomically Detecting In-Process Cyber-Attacks (2017)

A cyber-attack detection system issues alerts when an attacker attempts to coerce a trusted software application to perform unsafe actions on the attacker's behalf. One way of issuing such alerts is to create an application-agnostic cyber- attack detection system that responds to prevalent software vulnerabilities. The creation of such an autonomic alert system, however, is impeded by the disparity between implementation language, function, quality-of-service (QoS) requirements, and architectural patterns present in applications, all of which contribute to the rapidly changing threat landscape presented by modern heterogeneous software systems. This paper evaluates the feasibility of creating an autonomic cyber-attack detection system and applying it to several exemplar web-based applications using program transformation and machine learning techniques. Specifically, we examine whether it is possible to detect cyber-attacks (1) online, i.e., as they occur using lightweight structures derived from a call graph and (2) offline, i.e., using machine learning techniques trained with features extracted from a trace of application execution. In both cases, we first characterize normal application behavior using supervised training with the test suites created for an application as part of the software development process. We then intentionally perturb our test applications so they are vulnerable to common attack vectors and then evaluate the effectiveness of various feature extraction and learning strategies on the perturbed applications. Our results show that both lightweight on-line models based on control flow of execution path and application specific off-line models can successfully and efficiently detect in-process cyber-attacks against web applications.
Biotypic Variation Among North American Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) Populations (2006)

The Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Homoptera: Aphididae), has been a major economic pest of small grains in the western United States since its introduction in 1986. Recently, a new Russian wheat aphid biotype was discovered in southeastern Colorado that damaged previously resistant wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Biotype development jeopardizes the durability of plant resistance, which has been a cornerstone for Russian wheat aphid management. Our objective was to assess the relative amount of biotypic diversity among Russian wheat aphid populations collected from cultivated wheat and barley, Hordeum vulgare L. We conducted field surveys from May through June 2002 and August 2003 from seven counties within Texas, Kansas, Nebraska, and Wyoming. Based upon a foliar chlorosis damage rating, three new Russian wheat aphid biotypes were identified, one of which was virulent to all characterized sources of Russian wheat aphid resistance. The future success of Russian wheat aphid resistance breeding programs will depend upon the continual monitoring of extant biotypic diversity and determination of the ecological and genetic factors underlying the development of Russian wheat aphid biotypes.
Genetic and Greedy User Scheduling for Multiuser MIMO Systems with Successive Zero-Forcing (2009)

In this paper we consider efficient and low complexity scheduling algorithms for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The optimal user scheduling involves an exhaustive search, which becomes very complex for realistic numbers of users and transmit antennas. Among various suboptimal but low complexity algorithms, greedy algorithms with heuristic scheduling metrics have been shown to achieve performance close to an exhaustive search. Meanwhile, genetic algorithms (GAs) are a rapid, though suboptimal, option of performing a utility (in this case scheduling) metric optimization. In this paper, we propose and analyze the performance and complexity of greedy and genetic scheduling algorithms for multiuser MIMO systems with successive zero-forcing preceding. We demonstrate that at lower K, the genetic algorithm performs better than the greedy algorithm, where K denotes the total number of users requesting service. For large K, however, the greedy algorithm outperforms the genetic algorithm. The greedy algorithm also achieves similar sum-rate growth (with K) as the exhaustive search. A detailed complexity analysis shows that the order of complexity of the genetic algorithm is higher than that of the greedy algorithm by a factor equal to K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , where K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> denotes the maximum number of simultaneously served multiple-antenna users. Both algorithms achieve a sum rate very close to the exhaustive search with much less complexity for a small number of transmit antennas.
Impact of Pressure on Magnetic Order in Jarosite (2018)

Jarosite, a mineral with a kagomé lattice, displays magnetic frustration yet orders magnetically below 65 K. As magnetic frustration can engender exotic physical properties, understanding the complex magnetism of jarosite comprises a multidecade interdisciplinary challenge. Unraveling the nature of the disparate magnetic coupling interactions that lead to magnetic order in jarosite remains an open question. Specifically, there is no observed trend in the interlayer spacing with magnetic order. Similarly, the relationship between metal-ligand bond distance and magnetic order remains uninvestigated. Here, we use applied pressure to smoothly vary jarosite's structure without manipulating the chemical composition, enabling a chemically invariant structure-function study. Using single-crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, we show that high applied pressures alter both the interlayer spacing and the metal-ligand bond distances. By harnessing a suite of magnetic techniques under pressure, including SQUID-based magnetometry, time-resolved synchrotron Mössbauer spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, we construct the magnetic phase diagram for jarosite up to 40 GPa. Notably, we demonstrate that the magnetic ordering temperature increases dramatically to 240 K at the highest pressures. Additionally, we conduct X-ray emission spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy experiments to comprehensively map the magnetic and electronic structures of jarosite at high pressure. We use these maps to construct chemically pure magnetostructural correlations which fully explain the nature and role of the disparate magnetic coupling interactions in jarosite.
Digital system simulation (1998)

Two major trends in the digital design industry are the increase insystem complexity and the increasing importance of short designtimes. The rise in design complexity is motivated by consumerdemand for higher performance products as well as increases inintegration density which allow more functionality to be placed ona single chip. A consequence of this rise in complexity is a significantincrease in the amount of simulation required to design digitalsystems. Simulation time typically scales as the square of theincrease in system complexity [4]. Short design times are importantbecause once a design has been conceived there is a limited timewindow in which to bring the system to market while its performanceis competitive.Simulation serves many purposes during the design cycle of a digitalsystem. In the early stages of design, high-level simulation isused for performance prediction and analysis. In the middle of thedesign cycle, simulation is used to develop the software algorithmsand refine the hardware. In the later stages of design, simulation isused make sure performance targets are reached and to verify thecorrectness of the hardware and software. The different simulationobjectives require varying levels of modeling detail. To keep designtime to a minimum, it is critical to structure the simulation environmentto make it possible to trade-off simulation performance formodel detail in a flexible manner that allows concurrent hardwareand software development.In this paper we describe the different simulation methodologies fordeveloping complex digital systems, and give examples of one suchsimulation environment. The rest of this paper is organized as follows.In Section 2 we describe and classify the various simulationmethodologies that are used in digital system design and describehow they are used in the various stages of the design cycle. In Section3 we provide examples of the methodologies. We describe asophisticated simulation environment used to develop a large ASICfor the Stanford FLASH multiprocessor.
Ligand-substitution and electron-transfer reactions of pentacoordinate copper(I) complexes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLigand-substitution and electron-transfer reactions of pentacoordinate copper(I) complexesJohn A. Goodwin, Lon J. Wilson, David M. Stanbury, and Robert A. ScottCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1989, 28, 1, 42–50Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00300a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00300a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Simulations of 10 kV Trench Gate IGBTs on 4H-SiC (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Pre-Crash-Erkennung, ein neuer Weg in der Pkw-Sicherheit (1999)

Nach den vielen Errungenschaften auf dem Gebiet der Sicherheitsentwicklung von Personenwagen stellt sich heute die Frage, ob die Sicherheit ueberhaupt noch nennenswert verbessert werden kann? Gibt es nur noch Spielraum fuer die Optimierung weitgehend bekannter Systeme, ober gibt es in Zukunft noch weitere groessere Sicherheitsschritte? Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, dass insbesondere die Zeit vor einem drohenden Unfall kuenftig noch besser zum Schutz von Insassen oder aeusseren Verkehrsteilnehmern genutzt werden kann. Die Erkennung eines drohenden Unfalls bietet fuer neue Sicherheitssysteme ein grosses Potenzial im Hinblick auf Unfallvermeidung, Unfallschwereverringerung und Reduzierung der Insassenbelastung. Die Konsequenz daraus muss sein, Forschungsaktivitaeten kuenftig verstaerkt auf das Thema Entwicklung von serientauglichen Pre-crash-Sensorsystemen zu konzentrieren. (A) Titel in Englisch: Pre-crash detection, a new approach to vehicle safety. Beitrag zum Themenbereich Neue Konzepte der Tagung Innovativer Kfz-Insassen- und Partnerschutz der VDI-Gesellschaft Fahrzeug- und Verkehrstechnik, Berlin, 30. September und 1. Oktober 1999. Siehe auch Gesamtaufnahme der Tagung, ITRD-Nummer D344516.
On-line filtering reactance identification in voltage-source three-phase active-front-end rectifiers (2004)

PWM voltage-source three-phase active-front-end rectifiers are a well established alternative in adjustable speed drives. They allow near sinusoidal input currents and thus near unity power factor while providing the active power required by the load. Moreover, recently introduced control strategies allow these topologies compensate reactive power while controlling the active power. The performance of the topology depends upon the appropriate operation of the line inductances that are required as ac filters by the topology. Such line inductors are under severe working conditions as PWM type of voltage waveforms are applied across it. This will eventually lead to deviation of the nominal inductance values and hence control strategies will not longer operate as designed. Particularly, the presence of non characteristics harmonics is produced. This paper presents an alternative to on-line identification of the ac inductors values that can be used for diagnosis purposes of the ac filter status and by the control strategy in order to compensate their negative effects.