gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Long-term results of revascularization surgery in oblitertive arteriosclerosis of the lower extremities]. (1993)

The authors evaluated their 15-year experience with revascularization operations for atherosclerosis obliterans (ASO) of the lower extremities. Over the period from 1975 to 1990, 1112 patients with ASO were admitted to their department and in 674 (60.6%) of them revascularization operation was performed. Direct revascularization surgery (bypass, desobliteration, angioplasty) was performed in 318 (47.2%) patients and indirect revascularization, sympathectomy in 326 (52.8%) patients. On evaluating the long-term results of aortobifemoral (AF2), femoropopliteal (FP) and femorocrural (FC) bypasses the following long-term patency was established: AF2 bypass--patency up to 2 years 92%, up to 5 years 90%, up to 10 years 76%, up to 15 years 75%; FP bypass--patency up to 2 years 90%, up to 5 years 84%, up to 10 years 62%, up to 15 years 46%; FC bypass--patency up to 2 years 63%, up to 5 years 50%, up to 10 years 25%. Complications developed in 10%, the mortality rate was 2.5% and 8% in FP and AF2, respectively. The obtained results are comparable with the data published in the literature. The authors achieved the best results in the suprainguinal region with AF2 bypasses on using mostly dacron prostheses and in the infrainguinal region FP bypasses on using the autologous great saphenous vein. (Tab. 3, Fig. 4, Ref. 17.)
Methyl formate as a carbonylating agent for the catalytic conversion of phenol to methyl phenyl carbonate (2013)

Methyl formate was used as a green and efficient carbonylating agent in the synthesis of methyl phenyl carbonate from phenol. Methyl formate showed better performance compared to toxic CO gas and the ability to produce other useful carbonylated products, e.g., dimethyl carbonate and dimethyl oxalate.
PROPOSAL FOR AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH TO PREVENT ACID DRAINAGE FROM URANIUM MILL TAILINGS BASED ON THE APPLICATION OF NA-FERRATE (IRON VI) (2006)

The operation of uranium mining and milling plants gives rise to huge amounts of wastes from both mining and milling operations. Terrestrial deposition is the predominant method of disposal for waste-rock and tailings. When pyrite is present in these materials, the generation of acid drainage can take place and result in the contamination of underground and surface waters through the leaching of heavy metals and radionuclides. Ferrate (VI) is a powerful oxidizing agent in aqueous media. Under acidic conditions, the redox potential of the Ferrate (VI) ion is the highest of any other oxidant used in wastewater treatment processes. The standard half-cell reduction potential of ferrate (VI) has been determined as +2.20 V to + 0.72 V in acidic and basic solutions, respectively. Despite numerous beneficial properties in environmental applications, ferrate (VI) has remained commercially unavailable. Producing the dry, stabilized ferrate (VI) product required numerous process steps which led to excessive synthesis costs (over $20/lb) thereby preventing bulk industrial use. Recently a novel synthesis method for the production of a liquid ferrate (VI) based on hypochlorite oxidation of ferric ion in strongly alkaline solutions has been discovered (USPTO 6,790,428; September 14, 2004). This on-site synthesis process dramatically reduces manufacturing cost for the production of ferrate (VI) by utilizing common commodity feedstocks. This breakthrough means that for the first time ferrate (VI) can be an economical alternative to treating acid mining drainage generating materials. The objective of the present study was to investigate a methodology of preventing the generation of acid drainage by applying ferrate (VI) to acid generating materials prior to the disposal in impoundments or piles. Oxidizing the pyritic material in mining waste could diminish the potential for acid generation and its related environmental risks and long-term costs at disposal sites. Preliminary results presented in this paper show that the oxidation of pyrite by ferrate has half-life of about six hours. The stability of Fe(VI) in water solutions will not influence the reaction rate in a significant manner. New low-cost production methods for making liquid ferrate on-site makes this technology a very attractive option to mitigate one of the most pressing environmental problems in the mining industry.
Radical-Initiated and Thermally Induced Hydrogermylation of Alkenes on the Surfaces of Germanium Nanosheets (2018)

The synthesis of germanium nanomaterials with well-defined surface chemistry is of considerable interest because of not only general scientific curiosity but also their vast potential in optoelectronics, energy storage, and the semiconductor industry. Herein, we report a straightforward preparative route that yields hydride-terminated germanium nanosheet (H-GeNS) monolayers via sonochemical exfoliation of hydride-terminated germanane flakes (HGe-flakes) derived from crystalline CaGe2. We subsequently show that these freestanding H-GeNSs are readily functionalized by radical-initiated and thermally induced hydrogermylation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that following functionalization the crystal structure of the GeNSs remains intact, and the introduction of organic moieties to the GeNS surfaces imparts improved thermal stability and solvent compatibility.
Dispersion engineering in silicon photonic wires using thin Si3N4 conformal dielectric coating (2008)

We investigate numerically dispersion engineering in silicon photonic wires using conformal Si3N4 coatings. We analyze the impact of coating thickness upon the group-velocity-dispersion and effective waveguide nonlinearity, and show broadband four-wave-mixing gain in engineered waveguides.
Pixel array detectors for time resolved radiography (invited) (2002)

Intense x-ray sources coupled with efficient, high-speed x-ray imagers are opening new possibilities of high-speed time resolved experiments. The silicon pixel array detector (PAD) is an extremely flexible technology which is currently being developed as a fast imager. We describe the architecture of the Cornell PAD, which is capable of operating with submicrosecond frame times. This 100×92 pixel prototype PAD consists of a pixelated silicon diode layer, for direct conversion of the x rays to charge carriers, and a corresponding pixellated complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor electronics layer, for processing and storage of the generated charge. Each pixel diode is solder bump bonded to its own pixel electronics consisting of a charge integration amplifier, an array of eight storage capacitors and an output amplifier. This architecture allows eight complete frames to be stored in rapid succession, with a minimum integration time of 150 ns per frame and an interframe deadtime of 600 ns. We describe the application of the PAD to capture an x-radiograph movie of the mass-density distribution of the spray plume from internal combustion engine fuel injectors.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Highly Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to Alkylidene Malonates. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Partial Disk Failures: Using Software to Analyze Physical Damage (2007)

A good understanding of disk failures is crucial to ensure a reliable storage of data. There have been numerous studies characterizing disk failures under the common assumption that failed disks are generally unusable. Contrary to this assumption, partial disk failures are very common, e.g., caused by a head crash resulting in a small number of inaccessible disk sectors. Nevertheless, the damage can sometimes be catastrophic if the file system meta-data were among the affected sectors. As disk density rapidly increases, the likelihood of losing data also rises. This paper describes our experience in analyzing partial disk failures using the physical locations of damaged disk sectors to assess the extent and characteristics of the damage on disk platter surfaces. Based on our findings, we propose several fault-tolerance techniques to proactively guard against permanent data loss due to partial disk failures.
Halogenated inhalation anesthetic agents decrease transepithelial electrical measurements across the isolated iris-ciliary body. (1991)

Transmembrane electrical measurements were performed on the isolated rabbit iris-ciliary body (I-CB) to study the direct effects of halogenated inhalation anesthetic agents on the ciliary epithelium. Addition of either halothane, enflurane, or isoflurane to the control 95% O2:5% CO2 gas mixture resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the short-circuit current (SCC) and potential difference (PD). This response was reversible after the anesthetic gas was discontinued. Pretreatment with either alpha-adrenergic or beta-adrenergic antagonists (phentolamine or timolol) had no effect on the halothane-induced decrease in SCC. Delivery of the analgestic gas N2O did not alter baseline electrical measurements across the isolated I-CB.
Whole genome de novo sequencing of common quail and grey partridge (2013)

The development of next-generation sequencing technologies enables rapid generation of large amounts of genome sequences. Next-generation sequencing was utilised to perform whole genome sequencing of two Phasianidae, common quail (Coturnix coturnix) and grey partridge (Perdix perdix). Sequence data corresponding to 8 to 9 fold coverage of the genomes of the two species were obtained. The amount of sequence data enabled generation of a rough de novo genome assembly suitable for either the identification of the sequence of specific genes or for use in comparative studies with other birds, such as chicken and turkey. Likewise, it was possible to identify numerous SNPs and microsatellites for use in other studies.
Interleukin-38 in Health and Disease (2022)

• IL-38 is a member of the IL-1 Family that inhibits IL-1R6, IL-1R9, and IL-1R1 signaling. • IL-38 inhibits the innate, trained, and adaptive immune response. • IL-38 polymorphisms are associated with inflammatory disease and biomarkers thereof. • IL-38 is often indicative of human disease severity, and generally protective in animal models. • The role of B cells in the biology of IL-38 remains elusive.
Electrokinetic In Situ Treatment of Metal-Contaminated Soil (2004)

An electrokinetic technique has been developed as a means of in situ remediation of soils, sludges, and sediments that are contaminated with heavy metals. Examples of common metal contaminants that can be removed by this technique include cadmium, chromium, zinc, lead, mercury, and radionuclides. Some organic contaminants can also be removed by this technique. In the electrokinetic technique, a low-intensity direct current is applied between electrodes that have been implanted in the ground on each side of a contaminated soil mass. The electric current causes electro-osmosis and migration of ions, thereby moving aqueous-phase subsurface contaminants from one electrode to the other. The half reaction at the anode yields H+, thereby generating an acid front that travels from the anode toward the cathode. As this acid front passes through a given location, the local increase in acidity increases the solubility of cations that were previously adsorbed on soil particles. Ions are transported towards one electrode or the other which one depending on their respective electric charges. Upon arrival at the electrodes, the ionic contaminants can be allowed to become deposited on the electrodes or can be extracted to a recovery system. Surfactants and other reagents can be introduced at the electrodes to enhance rates of removal of contaminants. Placements of electrodes and concentrations and rates of pumping of reagents can be adjusted to maximize efficiency. The basic concept of electrokinetic treatment of soil is not new. What is new here are some of the details of application and the utilization of this technique as an alternative to other techniques (e.g., flushing or bioremediation) that are not suitable for treating soils of low hydraulic conductivity. Another novel aspect is the use of this technique as a less expensive alternative to excavation: The cost advantage over excavation is especially large in settings in which contaminated soil lies near and/or under industrial buildings and therefore excavation would be made even more expensive by the need to prevent damage to numerous underground pipes and cables.
Contributions of Subregions of the Prefrontal Cortex to Working Memory: Evidence from Brain Lesions in Humans (2002)

We investigated working memory in patients with focal brain damage involving subregions of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Lesions in the dorsal portion of lateral PFC or the ventromedial portion of orbital PFC did not impair performance in tasks that required maintenance and monitoring of object or spatial information. Larger lesions involving both ventral and dorsal parts of the lateral PFC impaired maintenance and monitoring of spatial and object information, with more severe deficits observed in the spatial tasks. The results support a distributed localization of function in lateral PFC during working memory.
Genes for Carbon Metabolism and the ToxA Virulence Factor in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Are Regulated through Molecular Interactions of PtxR and PtxS (2012)

Homologs of the transcriptional regulator PtxS are omnipresent in Pseudomonas, whereas PtxR homologues are exclusively found in human pathogenic Pseudomonas species. In all Pseudomonas sp., PtxS with 2-ketogluconate is the regulator of the gluconate degradation pathway and controls expression from its own promoter and also from the P(gad) and P(kgu) for the catabolic operons. There is evidence that PtxS and PtxR play a central role in the regulation of exotoxin A expression, a relevant primary virulence factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We show using DNaseI-footprint analysis that in P. aeruginosa PtxR binds to the -35 region of the P(toxA) promoter in front of the exotoxin A gene, whereas PtxS does not bind to this promoter. Bioinformatic and DNaseI-footprint analysis identified a PtxR binding site in the P(kgu) and P(gad) promoters that overlaps the -35 region, while the PtxS operator site is located 50 bp downstream from the PtxR site. In vitro, PtxS recognises PtxR with nanomolar affinity, but this interaction does not occur in the presence of 2-ketogluconate, the specific effector of PtxS. DNAaseI footprint assays of P(kgu) and P(gad) promoters with PtxS and PtxR showed a strong region of hyper-reactivity between both regulator binding sites, indicative of DNA distortion when both proteins are bound; however in the presence of 2-ketogluconate no protection was observed. We conclude that PtxS modulates PtxR activity in response to 2-ketogluconate by complex formation in solution in the case of the P(toxA) promoter, or via the formation of a DNA loop as in the regulation of gluconate catabolic genes. Data suggest two different mechanisms of control exerted by the same regulator.
FEDS: Comprehensive Fault Attack Exploitability Detection for Software Implementations of Block Ciphers (2020)

Fault injection attacks are one of the most powerful forms of cryptanalytic attacks on ciphers. A single, precisely injected fault during the execution of a cipher like the AES, can completely reveal the key within a few milliseconds. Software implementations of ciphers, therefore, need to be thoroughly evaluated for such attacks. In recent years, automated tools have been developed to perform these evaluations. These tools either work on the cipher algorithm or on their implementations. Tools that work at the algorithm level can provide a comprehensive assessment of fault attack vulnerability for different fault attacks and with different fault models. Their application is, however, restricted because every realization of the cipher has unique vulnerabilities. On the other hand, tools that work on cipher implementations have a much wider application but are often restricted by the range of fault attacks and the number of fault models they can evaluate. In this paper, we propose a framework, called FEDS, that uses a combination of compiler techniques and model checking to merge the advantages of both, algorithmic level tools as well as implementation level tools. Like the algorithmic level tools, FEDS can provide a comprehensive assessment of fault attack exploitability considering a wide range of fault attacks and fault models. Like implementation level tools, FEDS works with implementations, therefore has wide application. We demonstrate the versatility of FEDS by evaluating seven different implementations of AES (including bitsliced implementation) and implementations of CLEFIA and CAMELLIA for Differential Fault Attacks. The framework automatically identifies exploitable instructions in all implementations. Further, we present an application of FEDS in a Fault Attack Aware Compiler, that can automatically identify and protect exploitable regions of the code. We demonstrate that the compiler can generate significantly more efficient code than a naïvely protected equivalent, while maintaining the same level of protection.
Bioavailability (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Developing a Phototactic Electrostatic Insect Trap Targeting Whiteflies, Leafminers, and Thrips in Greenhouses (2021)

Our aim was to develop an electrostatic apparatus to lure and capture silverleaf whiteflies (<i>Bemisia tabaci</i>), vegetable leafminers (<i>Liriomyza sativae</i>), and western flower thrips (<i>Frankliniella occidentalis</i>) that invade tomato greenhouses. A double-charged dipolar electric field producer (DD-EFP) was constructed by filling water in two identical transparent soft polyvinyl chloride tubes arrayed in parallel with fixed separation, and then, inserting the probes of grounded negative and positive voltage generators into the water of the two tubes to generate negatively and positively charged waters, respectively. These charged waters electrified the outer surfaces of the opposite tubes via dielectric polarization. An electric field formed between the oppositely charged tubes. To lure these phototactic insects, the water was colored yellow using watercolor paste, then introduced into the transparent insulator tubes to construct the yellow-colored DD-EFP. This apparatus lured insects in a manner similar to commercially available yellow sticky traps. The yellow-colored DD-EFP was easily placed as a movable upright screen along the plants, such that invading pests were preferentially attracted to the trap before reaching the plants. Furthermore, pests settling on the plants were attracted to the apparatus, which used a plant-tapping method to drive them off the plants. Our study provided an experimental basis for developing an electrostatic device to attract and capture insects that enter greenhouses.
Dynamics of the human antibody repertoire after B cell depletion in systemic sclerosis (2017)

Systemic sclerosis with pulmonary arterial hypertension (SSc-PAH) is a debilitating and frequently lethal disease of unknown cause lacking effective treatment options. Lymphocyte anomalies and autoantibodies observed in systemic sclerosis have suggested an autoimmune character. We study the clonal structure of the B cell repertoire in SSc-PAH using immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) sequencing before and after B cell depletion. We found SSc-PAH to be associated with anomalies in B cell development, namely, altered VDJ rearrangement frequencies (reduced IGHV2-5 segment usage) and an increased somatic mutation-fixation probability in expanded B cell lineages. SSc-PAH was also characterized by anomalies in B cell homeostasis, namely, an expanded immunoglobulin D-positive (IgD<sup>+</sup>) proportion with reduced mutation loads and an expanded proportion of highly antibody-secreting cells. Disease signatures pertaining to IGHV2-5 segment usage, IgD proportions, and mutation loads were temporarily reversed after B cell depletion. Analyzing the time course of B cell depletion, we find that the kinetics of naïve replenishment are predictable from baseline measurements alone, that release of plasma cells into the periphery can precede naïve replenishment, and that modes of B cell receptor diversity are highly elastic. Our findings reveal humoral immune signatures of SSc-PAH and uncover determinism in the effects of B cell depletion on the antibody repertoire.
The peroxisome proliferator-; an integrator of transcriptior nuclear receptor signaling (2016)

proliferator response element and the association of nonliganded tic PPAR6 with corepressors SMRT (silencing mediator for retinoid and ad thyroid hormone receptors), SHARP (SMRT and histone deacety- cc lase-associated repressor protein), and class I histone deacetylases. ef Stable expression of PPAR6 inhibits the expression of endogenous PPARa target gene expression in 3T3-PPARa cells, whereas a PPAR8 re mutant that does not interact with the corepressor SMRT loses its th ability to repress the induction of PPARa target gene. Similarly, sD stable expression of PPAR5 in 3T3-PPARy cells leads to inhibition of re PPARy target gene expression and PPARy-mediated adipogenesis. sh Given the widespread expression of PPARS and the restricted n pattern for PPARa and PPARy, these results suggest a role for la PPARS as a gateway receptor whose relative levels of expression a can be used to modulate PPARa and PPARy activity. li1 cc