gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annotate me (2013)

We present a novel system to support active reading. Utilizing a mobile device the user can add digital annotations to physical documents like papers and posters. We present first prototype implementations of the mobile phone interface with and without server support. Server support let's you share annotations with your friends. We discuss findings from an initial user evaluation and present an improved prototype. We believe annotating paper using document image retrieval is a promising technology for active reading support.
A Holesome File System (2004)

We present a novel approach to fully dynamic management of physical disk blocks in Unix file systems. By adding a single system call, zero(), to an existing file system, we permit applications to create holes, that is, regions of files to which no physical disk blocks are allocated, far more flexibly than previously possible. Using zero(), it is possible to efficiently implement applications including a variety of databases and I/O-efficient computation systems on top of the Unix file system. zero() can also be used to implement an efficient file-system-based paging mechanism. In some I/O-efficient computations, the availability of zero() effectively doubles disk capacity by allowing blocks of temporary files to be reallocated to new files as they are read. Experiments on a Linux ext2 file system augmented by zero() demonstrate that where their functionality overlaps, zero() is more efficient than ftruncate(). Additional experiments reveal that in exchange for added effectiv...
Understanding Field-Dependent Leakage Current Mechanisms in Amorphous Hydrogenated Boron Carbide As a Function of Electronic, Dielectric, and Disorder Parameters (2015)

Thin-film carborane-based amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (a-B x C:H y ), grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), has emerged as a promising semi-insulating, low-dielectric-constant (low- κ ) ( κ &lt; 3.5) material for intra/interlayer dielectric (ILD) and/or copper diffusion barrier/etch stop applications. Of the many integration challenges faced by candidate materials for low- κ ILDs or more specialized layers, one of the most important is the need for extremely low leakage currents up to high electric fields. In the case of a-B x C:H y , the leakage current at a given field can span nearly ten orders of magnitude, depending on the fabrication conditions and resulting physical properties of a given film. In order to go beyond a brute force process–property approach toward optimizing the electrical properties in thin-film a-B x C:H y , we explore their origin and relationship to electronic, dielectric, and disorder properties. This contribution will describe the charge transport mechanisms in a-B x C:H y films in different electric field regimes, which include Ohmic, space-charge-limited-current, and Poole–Frenkel behavior. These mechanisms, and the underlying electrical properties that define these mechanisms (e.g., resistivity, mobility, trapping), are related to individual and combined electronic (band gap), dielectric (electronic and atomic/distortion polarization), and disorder (Urbach energy, Tauc parameter, dispersion energy) parameters. We further discuss how balancing the contributions of these different parameters via hydrogen and carbon content, through varying growth parameters, allows us to control the underlying charge transport mechanisms at both low and high fields, to ultimately obtain leakage currents on the order of 10 –8 A/cm 2 or lower at 2 MV/cm. Figure 1. (a) Leakage current density ( J ) as a function of electric field ( E ) for a selection of a-B x C:H y films. (b) and (c) Correlations between charge transport and disorder parameters: zero-field mobility extracted from steady-state space-charge-limited current measurements ( μ 0(SS-SCLC) ) as a function of E g E u B –1/2 disorder parameter, and resistivity ( ρ ) extracted in Ohmic regime as a function of dispersion energy ( E d ). Figure 1
Expression of Inflammation in Myocardial Tissue of Rabbits: Comparison of Two Miniaturized Heart‐Lung Machines (2013)

The majority of cases involving the surgical treatment of congenital heart disease require implementation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). However, neonates and infants are particularly prone to serious complications associated with CPB as a result of capillary leak due to cardiovascular failure. These complications are related to the transfusion of foreign blood, the disproportionately large area of contact between the patient's blood and foreign material, as well as the systemic inflammatory response induced by hemolysis. To attenuate these risks, we developed a novel, highly integrative, miniaturized heart-lung machine (MiniHLM) with a static priming volume of only 102 mL. This prototype was tested in comparison with a conventional heart-lung machine (static priming volume 213 mL) using a rabbit animal model. The animals were anesthetized, sternotomized, and connected to CBP via the aorta and right atrium. The aorta was cross-clamped for 1 h. Blood samples for examination were taken at regular intervals. Biopsies of the right atrial appendage (RAA) were removed directly after initiation and after cessation of CPB. After gradual reduction of perfusion with the HLM, all rabbits were successfully weaned from CPB, and the sternum was closed. Foreign blood was not administered in all cases. After cryopreservation of the RAA tissue, de novo transcription of inflammatory cytokines was measured by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction using the comparative CT method. No significant differences in the expression of the inflammatory parameters of the myocardial tissue samples were found between the study groups.
Expression of bar in the Plastid Genome Confers Herbicide Resistance (2001)

Phosphinothricin (PPT) is the active component of a family of environmentally safe, nonselective herbicides. Resistance to PPT in transgenic crops has been reported by nuclear expression of a bar transgene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase, a detoxifying enzyme. We report here expression of a bacterial bar gene (b-bar1) in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Petit Havana) plastids that confers field-level tolerance to Liberty, an herbicide containing PPT. We also describe a second bacterial bar gene (b-bar2) and a codon-optimized synthetic bar (s-bar) gene with significantly elevated levels of expression in plastids (>7% of total soluble cellular protein). Although these genes are expressed at a high level, direct selection thus far did not yield transplastomic clones, indicating that subcellular localization rather than the absolute amount of the enzyme is critical for direct selection of transgenic clones. The codon-modified s-bar gene is poorly expressed in Escherichia coli, a common enteric bacterium, due to differences in codon use. We propose to use codon usage differences as a precautionary measure to prevent expression of marker genes in the unlikely event of horizontal gene transfer from plastids to bacteria. Localization of the bar gene in the plastid genome is an attractive alternative to incorporation in the nuclear genome since there is no transmission of plastid-encoded genes via pollen.
Miniaturized Robotic Laparoscope-Holder for Rectopexy: First Results of a Prospective Study (2013)

This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility, safety, and comfort for the surgeon of the laparoscopic rectopexy assisted by the miniaturized light endoscope-holder LER.
Automated prostate cancer detection using T2‐weighted and high‐b‐value diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (2015)

Purpose: The authors propose a computer‐aided diagnosis (CAD) system for prostate cancer to aid in improving the accuracy, reproducibility, and standardization of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: The proposed system utilizes two MRI sequences [ T 2‐weighted MRI and high‐ b ‐value ( b = 2000 s/mm 2 ) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI)] and texture features based on local binary patterns. A three‐stage feature selection method is employed to provide the most discriminative features. The authors included a total of 244 patients. Training the CAD system on 108 patients (78 MR‐positive prostate cancers and 105 benign MR‐positive lesions), two validation studies were retrospectively performed on 136 patients (68 MR‐positive prostate cancers, 111 benign MR‐positive lesions, and 117 MR‐negative benign lesions). Results: In distinguishing cancer from MR‐positive benign lesions, an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.76–0.89] was achieved. For cancer vs MR‐positive or MR‐negative benign lesions, the authors obtained an AUC of 0.89 AUC (95% CI: 0.84–0.93). The performance of the CAD system was not dependent on the specific regions of the prostate, e.g., a peripheral zone or transition zone. Moreover, the CAD system outperformed other combinations of MRI sequences: T 2W MRI, high‐ b ‐value DWI, and the standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map of DWI. Conclusions: The novel CAD system is able to detect the discriminative texture features for cancer detection and localization and is a promising tool for improving the quality and efficiency of prostate cancer diagnosis.
Manufacturing Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated with United States Consumption of Organic Petrochemicals (2023)

The production of commodity organic chemicals today is both primarily sourced from and powered by fossil carbon resources. Toward decarbonization of this key global economic sector, it is imperative to quantitatively understand the contributions to energy usage and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions along the petrochemical manufacturing supply chain, which can inform judicious policy development and impactful technology options to improve or reimagine existing manufacturing practices. To that end, here we use the Materials Flows through Industry (MFI) tool to estimate the supply chain energy and GHG emissions for 51 organic petrochemicals and 6 intermediates that are globally produced at a capacity of at least 1 million metric tons (MMT) per year. This analysis focuses on supply chains in the United States, from which industrial data are readily sourced to obtain accurate energy and GHG emission estimates. Analysis for each chemical includes contributions from sourcing chemical feedstocks, electricity use, and fuel usage for transportation and manufacturing. This analysis predicts that process fuel, which is primarily used for heating, dominates GHG emissions in all cases except for chlorochemicals, where electricity is used extensively for the chloroalkali process and results in a large electricity GHG emission contribution ranging from 7 to 54% of total GHG emissions. Additionally, the contribution of electricity to GHG emissions ranges from 6 to 63%, representing the decarbonization potential in the transition toward renewable electricity with existing manufacturing processes. Taken together, these data serve as a critical baseline toward industrial decarbonization of the organic chemical sector, against which to compare changes to the electrical grid and industrial heat sources, improvements to existing technologies to manufacture the same chemicals, and new technologies to source alternative feedstocks to manufacture direct or functional replacement chemicals.
Blast Overpressure Waves Induce Transient Anxiety and Regional Changes in Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Delayed Hyperarousal in Rats (2015)

Physiological alterations, anxiety, and cognitive disorders are strongly associated with blast-induced traumatic brain injury (blast TBI), and are common symptoms in service personnel exposed to blasts. Since 2006, 25,000-30,000 new TBI cases are diagnosed annually in U.S. Service members; increasing evidence confirms that primary blast exposure causes diffuse axonal injury and is often accompanied by altered behavioral outcomes. Behavioral and acute metabolic effects resulting from blast to the head in the absence of thoracic contributions from the periphery were examined, following a single blast wave directed to the head of male Sprague-Dawley rats protected by a lead shield over the torso. An 80 psi head blast produced cognitive deficits that were detected in working memory. Blast TBI rats displayed increased anxiety as determined by elevated plus maze at day 9 post-blast compared to sham rats; blast TBI rats spent significantly more time than the sham controls in the closed arms (p < 0.05; n = 8-11). Interestingly, anxiety symptoms were absent at days 22 and 48 post-blast. Instead, blast TBI rats displayed increased rearing behavior at day 48 post-blast compared to sham rats. Blast TBI rats also exhibited suppressed acoustic startle responses, but similar pre-pulse inhibition at day 15 post-blast compared to sham rats. Acute physiological alterations in cerebral glucose metabolism were determined by positron emission tomography 1 and 9 days post-blast using 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG). Global glucose uptake in blast TBI rat brains increased at day 1 post-blast (p < 0.05; n = 4-6) and returned to sham levels by day 9. Our results indicate a transient increase in cerebral metabolism following a blast injury. Markers for reactive astrogliosis and neuronal damage were noted by immunoblotting motor cortex tissue from day 10 post-blast in blast TBI rats compared to sham controls (p < 0.05; n = 5-6).
Synthesis of the fungus metabolite cladosin C (2017)

Cladosin C is one of the few known enaminotetramic acids, isolated from extracts of the deep sea fungus Cladosporium sphaerospermum. It was synthesised in ten steps and 14% overall yield by a late-stage amination of the corresponding 3-acyltetramic acid. This was obtained by a Dieckmann condensation of an N-β-ketoacylaminoester derived from dehydrovalinate and the thioester-terminated side chain containing the stereogenic centre which stemmed from poly-(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate.
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for LSP Diversity Constraint Signaling (2020)

This document introduces a simple mechanism to associate a group of
Label Switched Paths (LSPs) via an extension to the Path Computation
Element (PCE) communication Protocol (PCEP) with the purpose of
computing diverse (disjointed) paths for those LSPs. The proposed
extension allows a Path Computation Client (PCC) to advertise to a PCE
that a particular LSP belongs to a particular disjoint-group, thus the
PCE knows that the LSPs in the same group need to be disjoint from
each other.
Kinetic and spectroscopic characterization of the diarylphosphonyl radical, (2,4,6-tert-Bu3C6H2)2PO.bul. (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic and spectroscopic characterization of the diarylphosphonyl radical, (2,4,6-tert-Bu3C6H2)2PO.bul.Nicholas Jeremy Winter, Jacques Fossey, Bruno Beccard, Yves Berchadsky, Francis Vila, Lawrence Werbelow, and Paul TordoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 26, 6749–6750Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100284a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100284a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Surface‐enhanced Raman assays (SERA): measurement of bilirubin and salicylate (1999)

Results of a study to detect bilirubin and salicylate using SERS and a reactive coating are presented. The motivation for this work was to devel to develop an assay that would simplify an analysis by detecting the analyte in a whole blood sample. This would remove the risks and time associated with preparing a serum sample. Quantitative analysis was performed using partial least-squares. The results are that one can detect bilirubin and salicylate in whole blood at levels below the normal or therapeutic levels using a coating based on an argentiphilic diazonium molecule. The sharp Raman bands associated with the analyte–coating adduct are sufficiently resolved to allow the analyte to be detected in the presence of a complex matrix such as whole blood. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hsp70 is required for optimal cell proliferation in mouse A6 mesoangioblast stem cells (2009)

Mouse Hsp70 (70 kDa heat shock protein) is preferentially induced by heat or stress stimuli. We previously found that Hsp70 is constitutively expressed in A6 mouse mesoangioblast stem cells, but its possible role in these cells and the control of its basal transcription remained unexplored. Here we report that in the absence of stress, Ku factor is able to bind the HSE (heat shock element) consensus sequence in vitro, and in vivo it is bound to the proximal hsp70 promoter. In addition, we show that constitutive hsp70 transcription depends on the co-operative interaction of different factors such as Sp1 (specificity protein 1) and GAGA-binding protein with Ku factor, which binds the HSE consensus sequence. We used mRNA interference assays to select knockdown cell clones. These cells were able to respond to heat stress by producing a large amount of Hsp70, and produced the same amount of Hsp70 as that synthesized by stressed A6 cells. However, severe Hsp70 knockdown cells had a longer duplication time, suggesting that constitutive Hsp70 expression has an effect on the rate of proliferation.
Influence of High Fogging Systems on Gas Turbine Engine Operation and Performance (2004)

High fogging is a power augmentation device where water is sprayed upstream of the compressor inlet with higher mass flow than that which would be needed to saturate the intake air. The main focus of this paper is on applications of high fogging on the ALSTOM gas turbine engines of the family GT24/GT26. Engine operation and performance are illustrated based on test results obtained from four different engines that have meanwhile accumulated more than 12,000 operating hours (OH) in commercial operation with ALSTOM’s ALFog® high fogging system. The effect of internal cooling (water evaporation inside the compressor) is investigated considering actual compressor boundaries matched within the complete engine. Changes in the secondary air system (SAS) and corresponding movement of the engine operating line have been taken into account. Power output gain as high as 7.1% was experimentally demonstrated for injected water mass fraction (f=mH2O∕mair) equal to 1% and considering internal cooling effects only. Higher figures can be obtained for operation at low ambient relative humidity and partial evaporation upstream of the compressor inlet.
Growth hormone (GH) stimulates insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-I-binding protein-3, but not GH receptor gene expression in livers of juvenile rats. (1993)

In the adult rat, expression of the liver GH receptor, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-I-binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) genes has been shown to be under GH control. Additionally, hypophysectomy and GH treatment have a differential effect on the relative abundance of liver IGF-I mRNA variants in adult rats. To further elucidate the time of appearance and the extent of GH control of liver GH receptor, IGF-I, and IGFBP-3 gene expression, we studied the effect of hypophysectomy and GH and IGF-I treatment in juvenile rats. Male Wistar rats were hypophysectomized (Hx) on postnatal day 26 and received twice daily sc injections of saline, recombinant human GH (2.5 U/kg.day), or recombinant human IGF-I (500 micrograms/kg.day) for 7 days. Sham-operated rats received the same treatment. Hx animals also received T4 (20 micrograms/kg.day). In Hx animals, there was a significant reduction in body weight (69.8 +/- 6.6 vs. 100.4 +/- 5.4 g; P < 0.001). GH, but not IGF-I, treatment increased body weight (79.6 +/- 9.6 g after GH vs. 69.8 +/- 6.6 g before GH; P < 0.05). GH treatment partially maintained liver, kidney, and lung weights in Hx animals and increased them in intact animals, whereas IGF-I treatment did so only in the lungs of intact and Hx animals. Serum GH and IGF-I levels were markedly reduced in Hx animals compared with those in intact controls, and GH treatment maintained, albeit partially, circulating IGF-I levels compared with those in saline-treated Hx animals. IGF-I mRNA levels were markedly reduced in Hx liver (25.0 +/- 5.4%; P < 0.001 compared with intact controls). GH treatment for 7 days increased IGF-I mRNA levels by 4.8-fold over the levels in 9-day Hx animals and increased IGF-I mRNA levels by 2.2-fold in control rats. Hypophysectomy decreased exon 2-containing transcripts by 7.0-fold and exon 1-containing transcripts by 4.1-fold. GH treatment, however, affected both exon 1- and exon 2-containing transcripts similarly. Hepatic IGFBP-3 mRNA levels were reduced in Hx (53.2 +/- 1.8%; P < 0.01 compared with intact controls) and IGF-treated Hx animals, but were not decreased in Hx GH-treated animals (100.6 +/- 9.5). No changes in GH receptor or GH-binding protein mRNA levels were caused by Hx, GH, or IGF-I treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
An Easy Access to (3R,4R)-O,O-Diacyltartrimides (1992)

Abstract A simple and efficient synthesis of chiral cyclic imides with C2 symmetry based on smooth cyclisation of amides 4a-c obtained from (2R,3R) tartaric acid, is described.
Flux-Based Deadbeat Control of Induction-Motor Torque (2003)

An improved method and prior methods of deadbeat direct torque control involve the use of pulse-width modulation (PWM) of applied voltages. The prior methods are based on the use of stator flux and stator current as state variables, leading to mathematical solutions of control equations in forms that do not lend themselves to clear visualization of solution spaces. In contrast, the use of rotor and stator fluxes as the state variables in the present improved method lends itself to graphical representations that aid in understanding possible solutions under various operating conditions. In addition, the present improved method incorporates the superposition of high-frequency carrier signals for use in a motor-self-sensing technique for estimating the rotor shaft angle at any speed (including low or even zero speed) without need for additional shaft-angle-measuring sensors.