gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand‐dependent inhibition of myoblast differentiation by overexpression of the type‐1 insulin‐like growth factor receptor (1993)

The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) have paradoxical effects on skeletal myoblast differentiation. While low concentrations of IGF stimulate myoblast differentiation, high concentrations of IGF induce a progressive decrease in myoblast differentiation. The mechanism of this inhibition is unknown. Using a retroviral expression vector, we developed a subline of mouse P2 mouse myoblasts (P2-LISN) which expressed 7.5 times higher levels of type-1 IGF receptors than control (P2-LNL6) myoblasts, which were infected with a virus lacking the type-1 IGF receptor sequence. Overexpression of the type-1 IGF receptor caused the IGF dose-response curves of stimulation and progressive inhibition of differentiation to shift to the left. Additionally, at high insulin and IGF-I concentrations, complete inhibition of P2-LISN myoblast differentiation occurred. These results suggest that inhibition of differentiation at high ligand concentrations was not due to the primary involvement of other species of receptors for IGF. Type-1 IGF receptor downregulation as a mechanism for inhibition of differentiation was also ruled out since P2-LISN myoblasts constitutively expressed high levels of type-1 IGF receptors. Additionally, inhibition of differentiation at high concentrations of IGF-I was not correlated with overt stimulation of proliferation or with IGF binding protein (IGF-BP) release into the culture medium. These results indicate that the type-1 IGF receptor mediates two conflicting signal pathways in myogenic cells, differentiation-inducing and differentiation-inhibitory, which predominate at different ligand concentrations.
Periodically Poled LiNbO3 Optical Parametric Oscillator with Intracavity Difference Frequency Mixing on a Single Crystal (1998)

We report on the performance of a pulsed, intracavity difference frequency mixing optical parametric oscillator (DFM OPO) which uses two phase-matched gratings poled on a single piece of LiNbO3, for a two stage conversion process that can produce two idler photons for each converted pump photon.
Synthesis of a Polymerizable Benzocyclobutene that Undergoes Ring-Opening Isomerization at Reduced Temperature (2013)

1-Ethoxyvinylbenzocyclobutene is a substituted benzocyclobutene that undergoes radical polymerization to produce polymers that can be crosslinked at 100–150 °C. The 4- and 5-vinyl isomers are synthesized in a 1:4 ratio via a halogenated benzyne intermediate produced from anthranilic acid, followed by cycloaddition with ethyl vinyl ether and replacement of the halogen atom with a vinyl group.
Modeling Spatial Correlation of Transcripts With Application to Developing Pancreas (2018)

Abstract Recently high-throughput image-based transcriptomic methods were developed and enabled researchers to spatially resolve gene expression variation at the molecular level for the first time. In this work, we develop a general analysis tool to quantitatively study the spatial correlations of gene expression in fixed tissue sections. As an illustration, we analyze the spatial distribution of single mRNA molecules measured by in situ sequencing on human fetal pancreas at three developmental time points 80, 87 and 117 days post-fertilization. We develop a density profile-based method to capture the spatial relationship between gene expression and other morphological features of the tissue sample such as position of nuclei and endocrine cells of the pancreas. In addition, we build a statistical model to characterize correlations in the spatial distribution of the expression level among different genes. This model enables us to infer the inhibitory and clustering effects throughout different time points. Our analysis framework is applicable to a wide variety of spatially-resolved transcriptomic data to derive biological insights.
Virtual patient in interactive learning environments: a review of 1989–2020 publications in selected SSCI journals (2021)

This study uses bibliometrics and social network analysis methods to investigate the characteristics of the most cited research papers in the Web of Science (WoS) database in virtual patient (VP) studies in interactive learning environments. We identify the most cited studies from the WoS database and then visualize and analyze the research data using bibliometric analysis and VOSviewer. The studies in the dataset were published in 294 different journals in 17 countries between 1989 and 2020. The highest-volume journal was found to be Medical Teacher, and the United States (US) was the country with the highest yield of published studies. The most frequent keywords were virtual patients, simulation, virtual reality, and medical education. The research results show that publishing articles in journals with high impact factors improves the quality of research. The trends in VP research further lay the foundation of bibliometrics for scholars and identify researchers, scientific journals, countries, hot topics, and relevant fields for VP literature. The most cited research uncovers new horizons in the field, providing research inspiration for investigators.
A rational strategy for the realization of chain-growth supramolecular polymerization (2015)

Over the past decade, major progress in supramolecular polymerization has had a substantial effect on the design of functional soft materials. However, despite recent advances, most studies are still based on a preconceived notion that supramolecular polymerization follows a step-growth mechanism, which precludes control over chain length, sequence, and stereochemical structure. Here we report the realization of chain-growth polymerization by designing metastable monomers with a shape-promoted intramolecular hydrogen-bonding network. The monomers are conformationally restricted from spontaneous polymerization at ambient temperatures but begin to polymerize with characteristics typical of a living mechanism upon mixing with tailored initiators. The chain growth occurs stereoselectively and therefore enables optical resolution of a racemic monomer.
Brain Tumor Chemotherapy (1977)

This book emanates from a neurosurgical center with considerable experience in the chemotherapeutic management of malignant brain tumors. The dust jacket advertises the book as not only presenting the concepts underscoring the strategy of chemotherapy for primary malignant tumors of brain, but also as reviewing the extensive clinical experience at the University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco. The book delivers on the first item but unfortunately not on the second. There is no question that the management of malignant brain tumors is an exceptionally urgent clinical problem and one that merits a comprehensive review. Anyone nurturing an interest in the clinical application of a chemotherapeutic program for malignant gliomas will benefit from the superb reviews of cell kinetics, pharmacodynamics, and experimental brain tumor models. These chapters are current outlines of the state of the art and have many valuable references. The very trenchant foreword submitted by Dr Boldrey
Adaptive wavefront correction: a hybrid VLSI/optical system implementing parallel stochastic gradient descent (1999)

We present a hybrid VLSI/Optical system for real-time adaptive phase distortion compensation. On-chip CMOS circuitry performs parallel perturbative stochastic gradient descent/ascent of an externally supplied optimization metric, e.g. a direct measure of image or laser beam quality. Our custom mixed-mode analog-digital VLSI system can directly control several adaptive optics elements such as micro-electromechanical mirrors, liquid crystal spatial light modulators and tilt mirrors. Here we use a tilt mirror and a MEMS mirror with 37 control parameters each of which is adjusted independently and in parallel to manipulate the wavefront phase profile. We present experimental results demonstrating successful operation for an adaptive laser- beam transmitter system. The parallel VLSI architecture is extendable to higher resolutions (N equals 10<SUP>3</SUP> to 10<SUP>6</SUP> parameters).
Reduction of Critical Dimension Difference in Litho-Etch-Litho- Etch Double Patterning Process (2015)

The successful implementation of double patterning lithography in semiconductor manufacturing is dependent on the progress of several key items, including good control of critical dimension (CD) uniformity and overlay. Here we report a pass-to-pass post-etch CD (ECD) difference in Litho-Etch-Litho- Etch (LELE) process. The CD difference mainly came from the organic planarization layer (OPL) thickness delta between 1st pass Litho-Etch (LE) process and 2nd pass LE process. The pass-to-pass CD difference can be reduced by adjusting the OPL thickness.
Antitumor efficacy of lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 in vivo: survival benefit and mechanisms of tumor escape in mice undergoing immunotherapy. (1986)

The studies described in this paper showed that the combination of i.v.-transferred lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and i.p. injections of recombinant interleukin-2 (RIL-2) was highly effective in vivo in reducing established pulmonary metastases of natural killer cell-resistant, MCA-105 sarcoma and B16 melanoma in mice. A 3-day in vitro incubation of normal C57BL/6 splenocytes in medium containing pure RIL-2 generated LAK cells that, when combined with RIL-2, reduced the mean number of established pulmonary micrometastases of the B16 melanoma and of the MCA-105 sarcoma from 179 and 140, respectively (in groups treated with Hanks' balanced salt solution alone), to 12 (P = 0.01) and 6 (P = 0.01), respectively. This combined immunotherapy also consistently resulted in significant prolongation of survival in mice with established, 3-day or 10-day pulmonary metastases of the MCA-105 sarcoma. Mice autopsied at time of death revealed a massive involvement of tumor in the lungs and liver in the group receiving Hanks' balanced salt solution alone compared to a small number of residual large lung or liver metastases in the group receiving LAK cells plus RIL-2. Experiments were designed to test whether variants existed in the original tumor cell inoculum that were resistant to killing by LAK cells and thus could account for the metastases that "escaped" the combined immunotherapy of LAK cells plus RIL-2 in vivo. Metastases of the MCA-105 sarcoma that escaped the combined therapy of LAK cells plus RIL-2 were dissected from the organs of mice upon autopsy and directly tested for susceptibility in vitro to lysis by LAK cells in 4-h and 18-h 51Cr release assays. Target cells derived from the metastases were lysed to an equivalent extent as those prepared from a fresh MCA-105 sarcoma that was growing s.c. In addition, successful reduction of pulmonary metastases established by the i.v. infusion of MCA-105 sarcoma cells obtained from metastases that escaped a prior round of therapy with LAK cells and RIL-2 could be achieved in vivo by the combined immunotherapy as well as by high doses of RIL-2 alone. Culture adapted, natural killer cell-resistant B16 melanoma cells surviving two successive treatments with LAK cells in vitro remained as susceptible to LAK cell lysis as untreated B16 melanoma cells in 18-h 51Cr release assays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Stem Study Of A Germanium Island-Silicon Interface (1999)

Abstract Growth of germanium or silicon-germanium on silicon 100 surfaces produces pyramid shaped islands after several monolayers of coverage. With further deposition, these islands will continue to grow until they reach a critical volume where a transition to a dome shape occurs. The critical surface coverage for island formation and the critical volume for the pyramid to dome transition depend upon the silicon to germanium ratio or degree of mismatch between the deposited material and the silicon substrate. Strain plays a dominant role in the shape transitions. Annealing studies have shown that the pyramid to dome transition.is reversible and is likely due to strain reduction related to interdiffusion. Annealing results in island growth, a decrease in the number of islands, and interdiffusion of the silicon and germanium. The interdiffusion relieves the strain and shifts the critical volume to a value exceeding the current volume of the dome shaped island thereby driving the transition back to pyramidal shape.
Applying Complementary Trap Characterization Technique to Crystalline $\gamma$-Phase-$\hbox{Al}_{2} \hbox{O}_{3}$ for Improved Understanding of Nonvolatile Memory Operation and Reliability (2010)

The operation and reliability of nonvolatile memory concepts based on charge storage in nitride layers, such as TANOS <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$(\hbox{TaN/Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}/\hbox{Si}_{3}\hbox{N}_{4}/ \hbox{SiO}_{2}/\hbox{Si})$</tex></formula> , require detailed information on the energy and spatial distribution of the charge defects in both the nitride and the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex> </formula> blocking dielectric. This paper focuses on the characterization of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula> . We have successfully applied complementary trap characterization techniques to crystalline <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\gamma$</tex></formula> -phase- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Al}_{2}\hbox{O}_{3}$</tex></formula> in order to obtain a complete picture of the spatial and energetic distribution of the defect density. As a result, two defect types at energy levels 1.8 and 3.5 eV below the conduction band edge are found.
Finite element modeling of ultra fine particle filtration by a membrane filter (1992)

Abstract Theoretical work has been carried out to investigate the filtration of ultra fine aerosol particles in a membrane filter. The analysis was done using a finite element method with a Newtonian fluid model for the carrier medium. Both inertial filtration and diffusional filtration were considered. Prior to the main analysis, our numerical scheme was tested with the analytical results for the diffusion of particles in the cylinder and showed good agreement, which confirms the importance of axial diffusion occurring in a short cylinder like a very thin membrane filter. Particle size, porosity, pressure drop, and flow velocity are found to be main variables that determine the filter efficiency. Two important mechanisms of filtration have opposite effects on the efficiency, depending on the variables. Increases in particle size, pressure drop, and flow velocity cause increases in the efficiency for intertial deposition, while decreases in those variables cause increases in the diffusional efficiency. The existence of a minimum value of total filtration efficiency (sum of inertial efficiency and diffusional efficiency) was indicated for intermediate values of the variables. Lower porosity is found to favor inertial deposition more than diffusion. Some other effects of filtration conditions on the total efficiency are also discussed.
Loss of microRNA-27b contributes to breast cancer stem cell generation by activating ENPP1 (2015)

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in various types of cancer; however, the mechanisms by which cells acquire CSC properties such as drug resistance and tumour seeding ability are not fully understood. Here, we identified microRNA-27b (miR-27b) as a key regulator for the generation of a side-population in breast cancer cells that showed CSC properties, and also found that the anti-type II diabetes (T2D) drug metformin reduced this side-population via miR-27b-mediated repression of ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1 (ENPP1), which is involved in T2D development. ENPP1 induced the generation of the side-population via upregulation of the ABCG2 transporter. ENPP1 was also identified as a substrate of the 26S proteasome, the activity of which is downregulated in CSCs. Overall, these results demonstrate that a T2D-associated gene plays an important role in tumour development and that its expression is strictly controlled at the mRNA and protein levels.
Influence of rheology on renewable pressure-sensitive adhesives from a triblock copolymer (2017)

A poly(lactide-b-β-methyl-δ-valerolactone-b-lactide) (LVL) triblock copolymer was used to create fully sustainable pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) that have promising commercial viability due to the low cost of both monomers. A common rosin ester tackifier was found to preferentially solubilize the midblock and was miscible up to 50% by weight. It was used to lower the modulus of the LVL triblock to satisfy the Dahlquist criterion. Small amplitude oscillatory shear, nonlinear shear creep, and uniaxial extensional data were correlated to tack, 180° peel, and shear resistance adhesion results. “Viscoelastic windows” were constructed for PSAs with 30%, 40%, and 50% tackifier and were used to identify potential candidates for general-use PSAs like Post-it® Notes.
Stretchable microfluidic electric circuit applied for radio frequency antenna (2011)

This paper describes a new method for fabricating highly stretchable and robust electrical circuits. The circuits consist of liquid metal (eutectic gallium indium alloy, EGaIn) enclosed in elastomeric microfluidic channels. In particular, a microfluidic hybrid structure made of two types of elastomers (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Ecoflex (type 0030, Reynolds Advanced Materials) with different stiffness has been developed to improve the stretchability and mechanical stability of the circuits. These circuits can be flexed, twisted, and stretched up to 2.2 times of their original length l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . When we applied this stretchable circuit for radio-frequency antennas, the antennas exhibited no degradation in reflected power even after being repeatedly stretched to l = 1.50 l <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> more than 100 times. This stretchability also allows the resonance frequencies of the antennas to be mechanically tuned around 1 GHz. The stretchable and robust circuits may be useful in reconfigurable and conformal structures, wearable sensors and large-area electronics, and other devices that must undergo large mechanical deformation.
Kinetics and rheology characterization during curing of dicyanates (1996)

Reaction kinetics and viscosity rise of a liquid dicyanate ester monomer, 1,1-bis(4-cyana-tophenol)ethane, are characterized and fitted several models. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used to obtain the isothermal reaction kinetic data. The liquid dicyanate resin shows second-order reaction kinetics in the early stage and approaches a plateau conversion at longer times with each curing temperature. Experimental data show that the diffusion limitation for dicyanate resin occurs well before the vitrification point. A two-step kinetic model and a Williams-Landel-Ferry-(WLF-) type diffusion-controlled kinetic model are developed to describe the entire range of curing. For the temperature range we studied (140°C–200°C), the WLF-type diffusion-controlled kinetic model gives a better prediction than the two-step kinetic model does. The viscosity rise during isothermal curing is characterized using disposable parallel plates. A Castro-Macosko type of equation is used to describe the isothermal viscosity rise. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
SCIPP: An Expanded Community of Practice - Community Publishing (2019)

SCIPP redefines and expands the existing notions about what makes for a vibrant and robust community of practice by partnering CSUSB students and professors with K-12 students, parents, and educators, along with committed community partners. SCIPP encourages curiosity in ways that leads to critical thinking, exploration, "risk taking", confidence building, open-mindedness, and other personal traits that equip them with the softskills to be active, critical, and creative contributors to our communities. SCIPP pedagogy embraces our students' collective wisdom and focuses on relational building where multi-directional communication is promoted and students are viewed as equal stakeholders in their own educations. SCIPP puts collaboration into action which in turn fosters community-based lifelong learning. SCIPP provides the open intellectual space for future university students (our K-12 students) to engage with existing university students in meaningful ways so as to sustain interconnected partnerships facilitating community engagement. It supports parents as experts in the education of their children and acknowledges parents as the first conduits to spark their children’s imagination while they actively participate in education enriching activities and programs. Everyone involved is committed to creating a secure and open atmosphere for dreaming, sharing, and learning. Together we explore the aspects of community publishing through collaborative learning in formal and informal settings relating to digital and printed medias.
Non-Isolated High Gain Buck Boost DC-DC Converters Adopting Switched Capacitor Cell for WSN Applications (2016)

This paper presents a high step up DC-DC converter to boost low voltage PV system voltage. The switched capacitor converter can obtain a high voltage gain but the line and load regulation is poor and the output voltage is not regulated. The output regulation of the non - isolated switching mode DC-DC converter is excellent but the voltage gain cannot be too high.A combination method of the SC converter and the switching mode DC-DC converter is proposed. Thus, the voltage gain is increased and decreased by varying the duty cycle of wireless sensor network applications.
Nano-SCHeMe: Nanomaterial Sponge Coatings for Heavy Metals, an Environmental Remediation Platform (2023)

The presence of heavy metals in our water supply poses an immense global public health burden. Heavy metal consumption is tied to increased mortality and a wide range of insidious health outcomes. In recent years, great strides have been made toward nanotechnological approaches for environmental problems, specifically the design of adsorbents to detoxify water, as well as for a related challenge of recovering valuable metals at low concentrations. However, applying nanomaterials at scale and differentiating which nanomaterials are best suited for particular applications can be challenging. Here, we report a methodology for loading nanomaterial coatings onto adsorbent membranes, testing different coatings against one another, and leveraging these materials under a variety of conditions. Our tailored coating for lead remediation, made from manganese-doped goethite nanoparticles, can filter lead from contaminated water to below detectable levels when coated onto a cellulose membrane, and the coated membrane can be recovered and reused for multiple cycles through mild tuning of pH. The Nano-SCHeMe methodology demonstrates a platform approach for effectively deploying nanomaterials for environmental applications and for direct and fair comparisons among these nanomaterials. Moreover, this approach is flexible and expansive in that our coatings have the potential to be applied to a range of sorbents.