gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exercise training plus calorie restriction causes synergistic protection against cognitive decline via up-regulation of BDNF in hippocampus of stroke-prone hypertensive rats (2012)

One of the important organ damage of hypertension is cognitive decline. Cognitive function is determined by the function of hippocampus, and previous studies have suggested that the decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus causes cognitive decline. Protection against cognitive decline is reported not only in pharmacological therapy but also in exercise training or calorie restriction. The aim of the present study was to determine whether exercise training plus calorie restriction cause synergistic protection against cognitive decline via BDNF in the hippocampus or not. Exercise training for 28 days improved cognitive decline determined by Morris water maze test via up-regulation of BDNF in the hippocampus of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats, whereas calorie restriction for 28 days did not. However, exercise training plus calorie restriction causes the protection against cognitive decline to a greater extent than exercise training alone. In conclusion, exercise training plus calorie restriction causes synergistic protection against cognitive decline via up-regulation of BDNF in the hippocampus of stroke-prone hypertensive rats.
A Blood Pressure Genetic Risk Score Is a Significant Predictor of Incident Cardiovascular Events in 32 669 Individuals (2013)

Recent genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants associated with blood pressure (BP). We investigated whether genetic risk scores (GRSs) constructed of these variants would p...
Methylen‐Addition an Mehrfachbindungen zwischen substituentenfreien Hauptgruppenelementen und übergangsmetallen — eine allgemeine Reaktion (1983)

Abstract Das vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1983 , 1543. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198315430
Process Optimization and Adsorptive Mechanism for Reactive Blue 19 Dye by Magnetic Crosslinked Chitosan/MgO/Fe3O4 Biocomposite (2021)

Abstract A new biocomposite magnetic crosslinked glutaraldehyde-chitosan/MgO/Fe 3 O 4 (CTS-GL/MgO/Fe 3 O 4 ) adsorbent was prepared and applied for the removal of reactive blue 19 (RB 19) synthetic textile dye. The prepared CTS-GL/MgO/Fe 3 O 4 was subjected to the several instrumental characterizations such as XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDX, pH-potentiometric titration, and pHpzc analyses. The influence of the input adsorption parameters such as A: CTS-GL/MgO/Fe 3 O 4 dosage, B: initial solution pH, C: process temperature, and D: contact time on RB 19 removal efficiency was statistically optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicates the presence of five significant statistical interactions between input adsorption parameters i.e. (AB, AC, AD, BC, and BD). The adsorption kinetic and equilibrium study reveals a good to the pseudo-second-order model, and multilayer adsorption as proven by Freundlich isotherm model, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity of CTS-GL/MgO/Fe 3 O 4 towards RB19 was found to be 193.2 mg/g at 45 ºC. This work highlights the development of feasible and recoverable magnetic biocompsite adsorbent with desirable adsorption capacity towards textile dyes with good separation ability by using an external magnetic field.
Performance Boosting Opportunities under Communication Imbalance in Power-Constrained HPC Clusters (2016)

This paper provides a detailed message-passing interface (MPI) communication characterization across representative HPC applications. It further evaluates performance and power efficiency improvement opportunities. Specifically, it shows that the traditional approach of active polling while waiting for MPI messages is extremely power inefficient, especially under a constrained cluster-level power budget, where processors can only operate at some percentage of their labeled thermal design power (TDP) due to data center infrastructure limits. To mitigate the communication imbalance among different nodes, one can choose to power gate waiting processes and shift remaining power budget to processes that are in the critical execution paths, a technique we call Gate&Shift. With considerations of overheads from power gating and control-loop, Gate&Shift leads to performance improvement without additional power overhead. Gate&Shift is a reactive scheme that does not require prediction mechanisms. With the aid of real MPI traces and hardware measured power data from an HPC cluster, we show that (1) 1 ms control period for power-shifting is sufficient to achieve most potential performance gains, and (2) for a cluster with processors running at 65% of their labeled TDP, Gate&Shift can achieve 7%, 8.5% and 9% performance improvement for AMR Boxlib, Fill Boundary and Big FFT, respectively.
Hormonal regulation of Gi2 α-subunit phosphorylation in intact hepatocytes (1990)

Hepatocytes contain the Gi2 and Gi3 forms of the 'Gi-family' of guanine-nucleotide-binding proteins (G-proteins), but not Gi1. The anti-peptide antisera AS7 and I3B were shown to immunoprecipitate Gi2 and Gi3 selectively, and the antiserum CS1 immunoprecipitated the stimulatory G-protein Gs. Treatment of intact, 32P-labelled hepatocytes with one of glucagon, TH-glucagon ([1-N-alpha-trinitrophenylhistidine, 12-homoarginine]glucagon), Arg-vasopressin, angiotensin-II, the phorbol ester TPA (12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate) and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP elicited a time- and dose-dependent increase in the labelling of the alpha-subunit of immunoprecipitated Gi2 which paralleled the loss of ability of low concentrations of the non-hydrolysable GTP analogue guanosine 5'-[beta gamma-imido]triphosphate (p[NH]ppG) to inhibit forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity ('Gi'-function). The immunoprecipitation of phosphorylated Gi-2 alpha-subunit by the antiserum AS7 was blocked in a dose-dependent fashion by the inclusion of the C-terminal decapeptide of transducin, but not that of Gz (a 'Gi-like' G-protein which lacks the C-terminal cysteine group which is ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin in other members of the Gi family), in the immunoprecipitation assay. No labelling of the alpha-subunits of either Gi3 or Gs was observed. alpha-Gi2 was labelled in the basal state and this did not change over 15 min in the absence of ligand addition. In contrast to the monophasic dose-effect curves seen with vasopressin, angiotensin and TPA, the dose-effect curve for the glucagon-mediated increase in the labelling of alpha-Gi2 was markedly biphasic where the loss of Gi function paralleled the high-affinity component of the labelling of alpha-Gi2 caused by glucagon. TPA, TH-glucagon, angiotensin-II and vasopressin achieved similar maximal increases in the labelling of alpha-Gi2, which was approximately half that found after treatment of hepatocytes with either high glucagon concentrations (1 microM) or 8-bromocyclic AMP. Analysis of the phosphoamino acid content of immunoprecipitated alpha-Gi2 showed the presence of phosphoserine only. Incubation of hepatocyte membranes with [gamma-32P]ATP and purified protein kinase C, but not protein kinase A, led to the incorporation of label into immunoprecipitated alpha-Gi2. This labelling was abolished if membranes were obtained from cells which had received prior treatment with ligands shown to cause the phosphorylation of alpha-Gi2 in intact cells. We suggest that there are two possible sites for the phosphorylation of alpha-Gi2; one for C-kinase and the other for an unidentified kinase whose action is triggered by A-kinase activation.
A life cycle environmental sustainability analysis of microbial protein production via power-to-food approaches (2020)

Abstract Purpose Renewable energy produced from wind turbines and solar photovoltaics (PV) has rapidly increased its share in global energy markets. At the same time, interest in producing hydrocarbons via power-to-X (PtX) approaches using renewables has grown as the technology has matured. However, there exist knowledge gaps related to environmental impacts of some PtX approaches. Power-to-food (PtF) application is one of those approaches. To evaluate the environmental impacts of different PtF approaches, life cycle assessment was performed. Methods The theoretical environmental potential of a novel concept of PtX technologies was investigated. Because PtX approaches have usually multiple technological solutions, such as the studied PtF application can have, several technological setups were chosen for the study. PtF application is seen as potentially being able to alleviate concerns about the sustainability of the global food sector, for example, as regards the land and water use impacts of food production. This study investigated four different environmental impact categories for microbial protein (MP) production via different technological setups of PtF from a cradle-to-gate perspective. The investigated impact categories include global warming potential, blue-water use, land use, and eutrophication. The research was carried out using a life cycle impact assessment method. Results and discussion The results for PtF processes were compared with the impacts of other MP production technologies and soybean production. The results indicate that significantly lower environmental impact can be achieved with PtF compared with the other protein production processes studied. The best-case PtF technology setups cause considerably lower land occupation, eutrophication, and blue-water consumption impacts compared with soybean production. However, the energy source used and the electricity-to-biomass efficiency of the bioreactor greatly affect the sustainability of the PtF approach. Some energy sources and technological choices result in higher environmental impacts than other MP and soybean production. When designing PtF production facilities, special attention should thus be given to the technology used. Conclusions With some qualifications, PtF can be considered an option for improving global food security at minimal environmental impact. If the MP via the introduced application substitutes the most harmful practices of production other protein sources, the saved resources could be used to, for example, mitigation purposes or to improve food security elsewhere. However, there still exist challenges, such as food safety–related issues, to be solved before PtF application can be used for commercial use.
Negative symptoms and speech pauses in youths at clinical high risk for psychosis (2021)

Aberrant pauses are characteristic of schizophrenia and are robustly associated with its negative symptoms. Here, we found that pause behavior was associated with negative symptoms in individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, and with measures of syntactic complexity-phrase length and usage of determiners that introduce clauses-that we previously showed in this same CHR cohort to help comprise a classifier that predicted psychosis. These findings suggest a common impairment in discourse planning and verbal self-monitoring that affects both speech and language, and which is detected in clinical ratings of negative symptoms.
On the Evaluation Methods for Systematic Further Development of Direct-Injection Nozzles (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To satisfy future emission classes, e.g. EU6c, the particulate number (PN) of Direct-Injection Spark-Ignition (DISI) engines must be reduced. For these engines, different components influence the combustion process and thus also the formation of soot particles and deposits. Along with other engine components, the injector nozzle influences the particulate number and deposits in both fuel spray behavior and nozzle “tip wetting”.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In case of non-optimized nozzle layouts, fuel may impinge on the piston and the liner in an unfavorable way, which implies low-oxygen diffusive combustion by retarded vaporizing wall films. For the tip wetting, wall films are present on the actual surface of the nozzle tip, which is also caused by unadapted nozzles. For non-optimized nozzles, the latter effect can become quite dominant.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper deals with systematic nozzle development activities towards low-deposit nozzle tips and thus decreasing PN values. To reduce formerly high PN values, the fuel wall film on the nozzle tip must be made smaller. For this purpose, different geometrical designs of the inner nozzle geometry, the nozzle holes and the tip shape are compared and analyzed in detail to explain the relationship between geometrical nozzle features and both spray behavior and wall films. The focus of the study is to study the role of cavitation tendency within the nozzle and its impact on PN emissions. To achieve this a suitable measurement technique has to be found and an evaluation procedure to be developed.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;By means of a systematic study, engine results are compared with optical and hydraulic spray measurement techniques. Based on the fundamental findings, the potential of and also the limitation of predicting the engine results by lab test bench measurements are presented. Overall, the gained knowledge by the geometrical study is necessary to optimize the next generation fuel systems and to achieve robust solutions for worldwide applications.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
System analysis and optimization of a CO2 heat pump tumble dryer. (2016)

The use of heat pump technology in tumble dryers reduces energy consumption by approximately 50% compared to conventional vented and condensing dryers. At present R134a is typically used as refrigerant, although environmentally friendly alternatives exist. Dryers for semi-professional use require larger refrigerant charge compared to domestic dryers, which makes the use of flammable refrigerants challenging. CO2 appears to be a promising alternative. This study covers a detailed energetic analysis and optimization of a semi-professional heat pump tumble dryer with CO2 as refrigerant. The dryer consists of two closed cycles, i.e. the air flow and the heat pump cycle. The latter is equipped with an additional sub-cooler after the gas cooler to reject energy to the ambient air when necessary. The prototype of the CO2 heat pump dryer was developed by modification of a commercially available R134a dryer. Details of the configuration are given and experimental results are presented to illustrate the transient system behavior and overall performance. The experimental data is used to validate a detailed physics-based simulation model on both component and system level. Relevant energy flows to the environment through leakage and heat losses are evaluated by simulation. Interactions between heat pump and air flow cycle are discussed in detail. Consequentially, an alternative system configuration is presented. This includes a suction line accumulator and thermal insulation. Simulation results show an improved system performance in terms of energy efficiency and drying time. Finally, the CO2 heat pump dryer is compared with the corresponding R134a system.
Trace Detection of Glycolic Acid by Electrophore Labeling Gas Chromatography−Electron Capture Mass Spectrometry (2004)

As little as 10 pg of standard glycolic acid (glycolate) was detected in a method comprising the following sequence of steps: (1) add glycolate-2,2-d(2) as an internal standard and exchange the carboxylate oxygens in hot HCl/[(18)O]water; (2) form an amide derivative with a water-soluble carbodiimide and the electrophoric amine, AMACE1; (3) purify by bypass HPLC; (4) derivatize the residual hydroxy with butyric anhydride; (5) partition with acetonitrile/2 M NaCl; and (6) detect by GC-ECMS. At an intermediate stage in method development, 1 pg of glycolate-2,2,-d(2) could be detected by subjecting it to the above steps 2-6, forming product in an overall, absolute yield of 76%. Step 1 was added after an effort to fully overcome background contamination by glycolate was unsuccessful. For example, background contamination by glycolate could increase rather than decrease when the methanol reagent in the procedure was "carefully purified." The work extends the sensitivity for glycolate detection by approximately 100-fold and provides high-performance conditions for the analytical steps employed.
Visible Watermarking for Content Protection (2003)

Various digital rights management (DRM) techniques have been proposed for protecting digital content, ranging from denial technologies, such as encryption, to traceability technologies like fingerprint watermarking. This paper proposes a novel approach to DRM: a visible watermark embedded into image/video material, securing the content for preview purposes, done in a cryptographically secure manner that is also completely reversible. Knowledge of a key and a small amount of additional secret information allows the visible watermark to be removed, yielding an exact copy of the original, bit for bit. As well as discussing how visible watermarking can be performed, this paper examines various new business/security models resulting from adoption of visible watermarking.
TEL/AML-1 dimerizes and is associated with a favorable outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1996)

Polymerase chain reaction-based screening of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) samples showed that a TEL/AML1 fusion transcript was detected in 27% of all cases, representing the most common known gene rearrangement in childhood cancer. The TEL/AML1 fusion results from a t(12;21)(p13;q22) chromosomal translocation, but was undetectable at the routine cytogenetic level. TEL/AML1-positive patients had exclusively B-lineage ALL, and most patients were between the ages of 2 and 9 years at diagnosis. Only 3/89 (3.4%) adult ALL patients were TEL/AML1-positive. Most importantly, TEL/AML1-positive children had a significantly lower rate of relapse compared with TEL/AML1-negative patients (0/22 v 16/54, P = .004). Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that TEL/AML-1 formed homodimers in vitro, and heterodimerized with the normal TEL protein when the two proteins were expressed together. The elucidation of the precise mechanism of transformation by TEL/AML1 and the role of TEL/AML1 testing in the treatment of childhood ALL will require additional studies.
Single cell transcriptomic profiling of neurodegeneration mediated by tau in a novel 3D neuron‐astrocyte coculture model (2021)

Abstract Background Research into neurodegeneration has been hampered by a lack of systems that rapidly and accurately recapitulate neurodegenerative processes. We report development of a model combining human iPSC derived neurons (hiNCs) and astrocytes (hiACs) in self‐aggregating 3D organoids that reproducibly develop a robust range of tau pathology and neurodegeneration. This system is a scalable and highly manipulatable model of neurodegeneration and critical understudied glial responses. Additionally, the model induces pathology without reliance on genetic overexpression. Our system represents an important technological advance in modeling Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), and is a promising tool for identifying disease modifying treatments. Methods The system was developed by combining advances in 3D cell modeling and tau propagation. We perform directed differentiation of wild‐type iPSC to hiNCs and hiACs, and hiNCs are selectively exposed to toxic aggregations to induce pathology. Cells are combined in microwells to induce self‐aggregation, and pathology develops over the course of three weeks. Tau pathogenesis in the model was correlated with human tauopathy progression by immunopathology and single cell transcriptomics, and the application of a selective inhibitor PU‐H71 demonstrated the efficacy of the model to explore disease modifying treatment. Result The model consistently displays a robust range of tau pathology within three weeks, including progressive development of hyperphosphorylated tau at positions T181, S262, and S396/404, misfolded tau (MC1, TOMA2), and fibrillar tau (THIOS). Neurodegeneration (FlouroJadeB, LDH) is accompanied by reactive astrogliosis (GFAP), which single cell transcriptomics reveals to be driven by heat shock proteins (HSPs). The observed tau pathology and transcriptional responses were reduced by treatment with PU‐H71, which eliminates dysfunctional HSP epichaperome. Together this evidence demonstrates a rapid and reversible recapitulation of tau pathogenesis. Conclusion Our novel model consistently recapitulates tau‐induced neurodegeneration in a human system, and allows for the elucidation of neuronal and astrocytic responses. Additionally, we have demonstrated the power to model the reduction of tau pathology by drug treatment. Continued expansion of the model will include integration of microglia. This novel model represents a technological advance that will allow for the rapid recapitulation of neurodegeneration in a manipulatable system that promises to accelerate drug development for AD.
Data Compilation for AGC-2 Matrix-only Compact Lot A3-P43 (2010)

This document is a compilation of fabrication and characterization data for the compact lot A3-P43, which was produced for possible insertion into the second ATR Graphite Creep irradiation test capsule (AGC-2). The compacts were produced by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification (AGR) program. This compact lot was fabricated using a graphite/resin blend formulated by INL as a candidate matrix precursor for scale-up of overcoating and compacting processes. The matrix precursor powder for compact lot A3-P43 was a jet milled blend of 64 wt% natural graphite (Asbury 3482), 16 wt% synthetic graphite (Graftech GTI-D), and 20 wt% of a standard novolac resin (Plenco 14043).
Fusing loops with backward inter loop data dependence (1994)

Loop fusion has been a traditional transformation in optimizing and parallelizing compilers. There are various benefits in performing loop fusion. Most trivially, loop fusion reduces the overheads associated in implementing loops in computer hardware by a factor of 2. But, in addition, loop fusion also holds promise in reducing the paging traffic in the memory hierarchy [Kuck 84]. Moreover, loop fusion may also reduce register loads/stores and the overall memory requirements in certain cases [Wolfe 89].
Indium Phosphide Nanoneedles on Non-single Crystalline Semiconductor Surfaces (2007)

We demonstrated a route to synthesize high-quality epitaxial nanometer-scale structures on non-single crystalline semiconductor surfaces formed on amorphous substrates. We chose indium phosphide (InP) for a material of nanometer-scale structures and various hydrogenated silicon (Si:H) films for non-single crystalline semiconductor surfaces. With the presence of gold nanoparticles, the InP grew into nearly one-dimensional nanometer-scale structures, nanoneedles, with a wide base on one end and a sharp tip on the other end. The Si:H films and the prepared InP nanoneedles were studied in terms of their chemical, structural and optical properties.