gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Source of Image Contrast in STM Images of Functionalized Alkanes on Graphite:  A Systematic Functional Group Approach (1997)

A series of functionalized alkanes and/or alkyl alcohols have been prepared and imaged by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) methods on graphite surfaces. The stability of these ordered overlayers has facilitated reproducible collection of STM images at room temperature with submolecular resolution, in most cases allowing identification of individual hydrogen atoms in the alkane chains, but in all cases allowing identification of molecular length features and other aspects of the image that can be unequivocally related to the presence of functional groups in the various molecules of concern. Functional groups imaged in this study include halides (X = F, Cl, Br, I), amines, alcohols, nitriles, alkenes, alkynes, ethers, thioethers, and disulfides. Except for −Cl and −OH, all of the other functional groups could be distinguished from each other and from −Cl or −OH through an analysis of their STM metrics and image contrast behavior. The dominance of molecular topography in producing the STM images of alkanes and alkanols was established experimentally and also was consistent with quantum chemistry calculations. Unlike the contrast of the methylene regions of the alkyl chains, the STM contrast produced by the various functional groups was not dominated by topographic effects, indicating that variations in local electronic coupling were important in producing the observed STM images of these regions of the molecules. For molecules in which electronic effects overwhelmed topographic effects in determining the image contrast, a simple model is presented to explain the variation in the electronic coupling component that produces the contrast between the various functional groups observed in the STM images. Additionally, the bias dependence of these STM images has been investigated and the contrast vs bias behavior is related to factors involving electron transfer and hole transfer that have been identified as potentially being important in dominating the electronic coupling in molecular electron transfer processes.
Tumor characterization in small animals using magnetic resonance-guided dynamic contrast enhanced diffuse optical tomography (2011)

We present a magnetic resonance (MR)-guided near-infrared dynamic contrast enhanced diffuse optical tomography (DCE-DOT) system for characterization of tumors using an optical contrast agent (ICG) and a MR contrast agent [Gd-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)] in a rat model. Both ICG and Gd-DTPA are injected and monitored simultaneously using a combined MRI-DOT system, resulting in accurate co-registration between two imaging modalities. Fisher rats bearing R3230 breast tumor are imaged using this hybrid system. For the first time, enhancement kinetics of the exogenous contrast ICG is recovered from the DCE-DOT data using MR anatomical a priori information. As tumors grow, they undergo necrosis and the tissue transforms from viable to necrotic. The results show that the physiological changes between viable and necrotic tissue can be differentiated more accurately based on the ICG enhancement kinetics when MR anatomical information is utilized.
P6304Carney complex patients have a high incidence of subclinical myocardial infarction (2017)

P6303 | BEDSIDE Cardiac fingerprints of histiocytic infiltration -Common cardiac characteristics in a diverse
(4R)-4-(2-Allyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1,2-O-isopropylidene-L-threose (2008)

X-ray crystallography unequivocally confirmed the structure of the title compound, C(12)H(17)N(3)O(4), as (4R)-4-(2-allyl-2H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-1,2-O-isopropyl-idene-l-threose. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of d-glucorono-3,6-lactone as the starting material. The crystal structure consists of hydrogen-bonded chains of mol-ecules running parallel to the a axis. There are no unusual packing features.
A New Anti-loxoscelic Serum Produced Against Recombinant Sphingomyelinase D: Results of Preclinical Trials (2008)

Envenomation by Loxosceles species (brown spider) can lead to local dermonecrosis and to serious systemic effects. The main toxic component in the venom of these spiders is sphingomyelinase D (SMase D) and various isoforms of this toxin are present in Loxosceles venoms. We have produced a new anti-loxoscelic serum by immunizing horses with recombinant SMase D. In the present study, we compared the neutralization efficacy of the new anti-loxoscelic serum and anti-arachnidic serum (the latter serum is used for therapy for loxoscelism in Brazil) against the toxic effects of venoms from spiders of the genus Loxosceles. Neutralization tests showed that anti-SMase D serum has a higher activity against toxic effects of L. intermedia and L. laeta venoms and similar or slightly weaker activity against toxic effects of L. gaucho than that of Arachnidic serum. These results demonstrate that recombinant SMase D can replace venom for anti-venom production and therapy.
Combining Ability and Heterosis among Eight Complete Spring Hexaploid Triticale Lines (1992)

A diallel study of spring hexaploid triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) lines was conducted to (i) determine the combining ability effects and heterotic patterns among eight complete spring hexaploid triticales, (ii) study the effect of stress on the stability of combining ability effects and heterotic patterns in two well‐defined moisture regimes, and (iii) determine the relative importance of additive vs. nonadditive genetic effects. Eight parents and 28 crosses were tested at two sites (full irrigation vs. under drought stress) in Mexico. Drought effects reduced yield from 8.3 to 5.7 Mg ha −1 , test weight from 746 to 722 kg m −3 , and height from 127.5 to 102.1 cm. Entry × site interaction was nonsignificant for yield, suggesting stability of combining ability and heterotic patterns. Entry × site interactions for test weight and height were due to one or a few parental lines. Tests for average heterosis (performance of parents vs. crosses) were highly significant for all traits in both environments. Yield showed mean percentage heterosis over high parent of 7.2% (19.7% maximum) under irrigation and 25.2% (68.2% maximum) under drought. Heterotic patterns for test weight and height were consistent across environments, but some combinations were positive and others negative relative to the high parent. Highly significant general combining ability (GCA) effects were found for all traits under both moisture regimes. Highly significant specific combining ability (SCA) effects were found only for yield, which was due to a single combination. The importance of GCA vs. SCA was clear for all traits in both environments, but GCA/ SCA sums of squares was lowest for yield, indicating more nonadditive effects for yield than for test or height among these F l 'S. This was further reflected by a large percentage high parent heterosis for yield. It seems that triticale has potential as a hybrid crop, particularly under droughtstressed growing conditions.
Determining Minimum Printed Circuit Board Trace Dimensions for Transient Suppression Circuits (2013)

When designing transient suppression circuits housed on interface assemblies to protect internal circuits from power surges, there exists a need to accurately determine the minimum printed circuit board (PCB) trace width required to tolerate given transients without fusing due to overheating. This paper presents four different PCB trace models that may be used for this purpose. The predicted trace widths are compared with each other for validation by comparison. In addition, selected results are tested to further validate the accuracy of the models.
Modeling and Adaptive Decoupling of High-Frequency Resistance and Temperature Effects in Carrier-Based Sensorless Control of PM Synchronous Machines (2009)

This paper analyzes the effects of the high-frequency resistances in saliency tracking-based sensorless control methods of permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). A high-frequency model of the PMSM, including stator high-frequency resistance, is presented. From this model, potential sources of error in the estimated position due to the high-frequency resistances are analyzed, and their compensation by means of an adaptive decoupling mechanism is proposed. This paper also addresses the influence and compensation of temperature effects in carrier-signal-injection-based sensorless techniques.
A Patient-Adaptive Profiling Scheme for ECG Beat Classification (2010)

Recent trends in clinical and telemedicine applications highly demand automation in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing and heart beat classification. A patient-adaptive cardiac profiling scheme using repetition-detection concept is proposed in this paper. We first employ an efficient wavelet-based beat-detection mechanism to extract precise fiducial ECG points. Then, we implement a novel local ECG beat classifier to profile each patient's normal cardiac behavior. ECG morphologies vary from person to person and even for each person, it can vary over time depending on the person's physical condition and/or environment. Having such profile is essential for various diagnosis (e.g., arrhythmia) purposes. One application of such profiling scheme is to automatically raise an early warning flag for the abnormal cardiac behavior of any individual. Our extensive experimental results on the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database show that our technique can detect the beats with 99.59% accuracy and can identify abnormalities with a high classification accuracy of 97.42%.
Skyrmion nucleation via localized spin current injection in confined nanowire geometry in low chirality magnetic materials (2018)

Magnetic skyrmions have been the focus of intense research with promising applications in memory, logic and interconnect technology. Several schemes have been recently proposed and demonstrated to nucleate skyrmions. However, they either result in an uncontrolled skyrmion bubble production or are mostly targeted towards integration with racetrack memory device. In this work, we propose a novel scheme for a controlled single skyrmion nucleation in a confined nanowire geometry with sub-100 nm width using a generalized approach of localized spin current injection technique in material systems exhibiting low Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Our proposed nucleation mechanism follows a pathway involving the creation of a reversed magnetic domain containing one or more pairs of vertical Bloch lines (VBLs) that form an edge-to-edge domain wall as the VBLs get annihilated at the edge of the nanowire. However, pinning of the edge domain walls within a narrow gap using notches or anti-notches results in the creation of a magnetic bubble with defect-free domain wall that eventually relaxes into a circular skyrmion structure. Our simulations predict that the proposed mechanism allows skyrmion nucleation on sub-nanosecond timescale, shows robustness to variations like local pinning sites and is applicable for any skyrmion-based logic, memory and interconnect application.
Seeing through Sounds: Predicting Visual Semantic Segmentation Results from Multichannel Audio Signals (2019)

Sounds provide us with vast amounts of information about surrounding objects and can even remind us visual images of them. Is it possible to implement this noteworthy human ability on machines? In this paper, we study a new task that consists of predicting image recognition results in the form of semantic segmentation with given multichannel audio signals. Our approach uses a convolutional neural network that is designed to directly output semantic segmentation results by taking audio features as its inputs. A bilinear feature fusion scheme is incorporated that efficiently models underlying higher-order interactions between audio and visual sources. Experimental evaluations with both synthetic and real sound datasets show that our approach can recover the desired segmented images reasonably well.
Correlation of supermode noise of harmonically mode-locked lasers (2007)

Two types of supermode noise spurs, uncorrelated and correlated, are measured for two different types of harmonically mode-locked lasers utilizing a dual grating pulse shaper as a means to determine the correlation. The correlated supermode noise spur, as measured with the residual phase noise technique, is related to the excitation of multiple correlated optical supermodes in the spectral domain and has a large impact on the noise behavior of optical pulse trains after propagation through a long optical fiber.
Phosphotyrosine Residues in the Nerve‐Growth‐Factor Receptor (Trk‐A) (1995)

PC12 cells, which lack platelet derived-growth-factor (PDGF) receptors, have been stably transfected with a chimaera consisting of the extracellular domain of the beta-PDGF receptor and the intracellular and transmembrane domains of the nerve-growth-factor receptor Trk-A (termed PT-R). Mutation of the Trk-A residue Tyr490 to phenylalanine prevents the association with Shc, while similar mutations at Tyr751 or Tyr785 are reported to prevent interaction of Trk-A with the p85 subunit of inositol phospholipid 3-kinase and phospholipase C-gamma 1, respectively. The strong and sustained activation of p42 and p44 mitogen-activated-protein kinases induced by PDGF-B/B in PC12/PT-R cells was unaffected by mutation of Tyr785 or Tyr751 to phenylalanine, but was smaller and transient after mutation of Tyr490, and almost abolished by the double mutation of Tyr490 and Tyr785. Mutation of Tyr490 reduced by 70% the PDGF-induced increase in inositol phospholipid 3-kinase activity immunoprecipitated from cell extracts with antiphosphotyrosine monoclonal antibodies and greatly suppressed the PDGF-induced increase in the intracellular products of inositol phospholipid 3-kinase, while mutation of Tyr751 or Tyr785 had no effect. Mutation of Tyr785 (but not mutation of Tyr490 or Tyr751) abolished PDGF-stimulated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. Mutation of Tyr490, alone or in combination with mutation of Tyr751 and Tyr785, had no effect on the PDGF-induced activation of p70 S6 kinase (p70S6K). However, the activation of p70S6K by PDGF (or nerve growth factor), but not the activation of mitogen-activated-protein kinase, was prevented by two structurally unrelated inhibitors of inositol phospholipid 3-kinase, wortmannin or LY294002. Our results demonstrate the following: (1) the phosphorylation of Tyr490 plays a major role in the activation of inositol phospholipid 3-kinase and formation of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids and confirm that the phosphorylation of Tyr 785 triggers the activation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 in vivo. (2) Tyr490 phosphorylation (but not inositol phospholipid 3-kinase activation) is also required for strong and sustained activation of mitogen-activated-protein kinase and neuronal differentiation, while the smaller and more transient activation of mitogen-activated-protein kinase, produced by the activation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 is insufficient to trigger the neuronal differentiation of PT-R cells. (3) Inositol phospholipid 3-kinase is required for the activation of p70S6K, but only a small increase in inositol phospholipid 3-kinase activity and the level of 3-phosphorylated inositol lipids is required for maximal p70S6K activation.
Design of Class E Resonant Rectifiers and Diode Evaluation for VHF Power Conversion (2015)

Resonant rectifiers have important applications in very-high-frequency (VHF) power conversion systems, including dc-dc converters, wireless power transfer systems, and energy recovery circuits for radio-frequency systems. In many of these applications, it is desirable for the rectifier to appear as a resistor at its ac input port. However, for a given dc output voltage, the input impedance of a resonant rectifier varies in magnitude and phase as output power changes. This paper presents a design methodology for class E rectifiers that maintain near-resistive input impedance along with the experimental demonstration of this approach. Resonant rectifiers operating at 30 MHz over 10:1 and 2:1 power ranges are used to validate the design methodology and identify its limits. Furthermore, a number of Si Schottky diodes are experimentally evaluated for VHF rectification and categorized based on performance.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Federal Guidelines (2016)

This article contains clinical guidelines and current approaches to diagnosis and treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The aims of development this guidelines were to improve early detection and efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapy of IPF. Achieving these goals indicates improvement in medical care quality for these patients. These guidelines are intended to pulmonologists, therapeutists and other medical specialists, healthcare managers and other healthcare providers
Ethanol extract of Kalopanax septemlobus leaf inhibits HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation via inducing cell cycle arrest at G 1 phase (2016)

Overall, our findings suggest that EEKS may be an effective treatment for liver cancer through suppression of cancer cell proliferation via G1 cell cycle arrest. Further studies are required to identify the active compounds in EEKS.
Hypoxia-Selective Antitumor Agents. 16. Nitroarylmethyl Quaternary Salts as Bioreductive Prodrugs of the Alkylating Agent Mechlorethamine (2001)

A series of benzene-substituted analogues of the novel hypoxia-selective cytotoxin N,N-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-methyl-N-(2-nitrobenzyl)ammonium chloride (3a), together with three corresponding tetrahydroisoquinolinium "cyclic" analogues 21a-23a and two naphthalene derivatives (19a and 20a), have been prepared and evaluated for cytotoxicity in cultured mammalian tumor cells under aerobic and hypoxic conditions. The parent compound 3a has a one-electron reduction potential of -358 mV and undergoes reductively-induced fragmentation to release the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine. The compounds were prepared by halogenation (SOCl2) of the corresponding quaternary diols, which in turn were synthesized from N-methyldiethalnolamine and substituted nitrobenzyl chlorides. The reduction potentials of the benzene-substituted compounds were generally well-predicted by Hammett substituent relationships. All of the compounds were much more toxic toward repair-deficient UV4 cells than the corresponding wild-type AA8 cells, as expected if the active cytotoxic species as a DNA alkylating agent. They were also more toxic toward the human cell lines EMT6 and FME compared to AA8, but the reasons for this are not known. Analogues of 3a substituted in the phenyl ring with electron-donating substituents provided compounds with widely differing selectivities for hypoxic AA8 cells, ranging from no selectivity for the 3-Me compound 9a to 3000-fold (at least as great as that of the parent 3a) for the 4-OMe compound 14a. The naphthalene derivatives 19a and 20a and the tetrahydroisoquinolinium compounds 21a-23a showed no hypoxic selectivity. Selective chemical reduction of 22a and 23a with nickel boride resulted in isolation of the corresponding stable amino derivatives, indicating that reduction of these compounds does not result in fragmentation. The reason(s) for the marked differences in hypoxic selectivity of the nitrobenzyl quaternary mustards is unknown, but may reflect differences in radical chemistry, cell uptake, or sensitivity to enzymatic reduction.
PARP1 Inhibitors Eliminated Imatinib-Refractory Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells in Bone Marrow Microenvironment Conditions (2018)

Abstract Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) also defined as a stem cell niche provides a major obstacle for current anti-leukemia treatment modalities including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib. We recently reported that chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) stem cells are sensitive to PARP inhibitor (PARPi)-triggered synthetic lethality in conditions mimicking peripheral blood (normoxia, no stromal cells). We reported that PARPi olaparib and talazoparib eliminate imatinib-refractory CML cells in the conditions mimicking BMM (hypoxia, stromal cells present). The effect, however, is not as robust as that observed in normoxia implicating BMM-specific protective impact. Therefore, more efficient targeting of PARP is required to enhance synthetic lethal effect against CML in BMM. Most PARPi's have been designed to compete with NAD for a binding site on the PARP1 molecule. This strategy resulted in the discovery of nucleotide-like PARPi's that not only target PARP, but, unfortunately, other enzymatic pathways involving NAD and other nucleotides as co-factors. Using such inhibitors affects multiple NAD/nucleotide-dependent enzymatic pathways, which results in secondary toxic effects proceeding from the inactivation of other pathways, while the efficiency against the PARP pathway is diminished. Thus, the challenge is to design inhibitors based on other activities of PARP1. We reported that DSBs-dependent interaction of PARP1 with histone 4 (H4) resulted in activation of PARP1 enzymatic activity and stimulation of Alt-NHEJ. Using high-throughput screen we identified non-NAD-like inhibitors, which interfered with H4-mediated activation of PARP1 and were effective against several types of tumors including BRCA1-deficient CML cells. Here we show that combination of two structurally different PARPi's, NAD-like olaparib or talazoparib and non-NAD-like 5F02 resulted in more abundant elimination of CML cells and reduced toxicity to normal counterparts. Finally, the combination exerted synergistic effect in humanized immunodeficient mice bearing primary CML xenografts. Altogether, non-NAD-like PARP1i synergistically enhanced synthetic lethal effect of NAD-like PARPi in tumor cells without increasing the cytotoxic effect in normal cells. While synthetic lethality mediated by NAD-like PARPi is usually associated with enhanced accumulation of potentially lethal DSBs, non-NAD-like PARP1i 5F02 did not induce DSBs when used as a single agent and also in combination with olaparib. Thus, the mechanistic aspect of the synergistic effect of NAD-like and non-NAD-like PARPis needs to be elucidated. Nevertheless, our data suggest that combining NAD-like and allosteric non-NAD-like PARPi's may represent a viable therapeutic strategy for enhancing CML response to PARP inhibition and reducing the resistance that inevitably results from treatment with NAD-like PARPi's alone. Disclosures Valent: Novartis: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria.
Empirical modeling of the refractive index for (AlGaIn)As lattice matched to InP (2010)

A composition-dependent empirical interpolation formula for the refractive index of AlGaInAs epilayers lattice matched to InP substrate has been determined by using a reflection spectroscopy technique.The 2 μm thick (AlGaIn)As layers have been grown by MBE as well as MOVPE and were characterized by x-ray diffractometry and photoluminescence measurements.The measured data from these etalon structures were fitted by using a Sellmeier equation (single oscillator model) to retrieve the refraction index for wavelengths between 2.5 and 1 μm.The resulting accurate expression will be very useful for designing optoelectronic devices like VCSELs.
Evaluation of an Automated CLIA System for the Determination of Carbohydrate Antigen 19-9 (2016)

This study showed that CLIA for CA19-9 has a good reliability on all samples analyzed and should be preferred to RIA with the aim of reducing costs, greater standardization and more harmonized results.