gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of sample dispersion on ultrafast laser focusing (2015)

We theoretically investigate the effects of sample dispersion on the focusing of ultrashort laser pulses. Both the conventional point focusing and temporal focusing are studied. The influence of laser parameters, objective lenses, and sample materials is discussed in detail. The sample dispersion introduces spatial and temporal distortions to the laser focus, and reduces the focal intensity. These effects are more significant when a laser with a shorter pulse duration is focused into the sample at a larger depth. The presented results show the significance of sample dispersion effects in different scenarios, and look to inform on a proper choice of specific focusing method in practical cases.
On Partial Satisfaction Planning with Total-Order HTNs (2023)

Since its introduction, partial satisfaction planning (PSP), including both oversubscription (OSP) and net-benefit, has received significant attention in the classical planning community. However, hierarchical aspects have been mostly ignored in this context, although several problem domains that form the main motivation for PSP, such as the rover domain, have an inherent hierarchical structure. In this paper, we are taking the necessary steps for facilitating this research direction. First, we formally define hierarchical partial satisfaction planning problems and discuss the usefulness and necessity of this formalism. Second, we present a carefully structured set of benchmarks consisting of OSP and net-benefit problems with hierarchical structure. We describe and analyze the different domains of the benchmark set and the desiderata that are met to provide an interesting and challenging starting point for upcoming research. Third, we introduce various planning techniques that can solve hierarchical OSP problems and investigate their empirical behaviour on our proposed benchmark.
Genetic Factors Associated with Prostate Cancer Conversion from Active Surveillance to Treatment (2021)

Abstract Men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PC) are increasingly electing active surveillance (AS) as their initial management strategy. While this may reduce the side effects of treatment for prostate cancer, many men on AS eventually convert to active treatment. PC is one of the most heritable cancers, and genetic factors that predispose to aggressive tumors may help distinguish men who are more likely to discontinue AS. To investigate this, we undertook a multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 6,361 PC patients who initially elected AS and were followed over time for the potential outcome of conversion from AS to active treatment. In the GWAS we detected 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with conversion, 15 of which were not previously associated with PC risk. We found two genes associated with conversion ( MAST3 , p = 6.9×10 -7 and GAB2 , p = 2.0×10 -6 ). Moreover, increasing values of a previously validated 269-SNP genetic risk score (GRS) for PC was positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the highest to the two middle deciles gave a hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 0.94-1.36); whereas, decreasing values of a 36-variant GRS for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the lowest to the two middle deciles gave a HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). These results suggest that germline genetics may help inform and individualize the decision of AS—or the intensity of monitoring on AS— versus treatment for the initial management of patients with low-risk PC.
The tranfer of Brucella abortus antibodies from dam to calf (1977)

The higher sensitivity of the ABGT (Coombs Test) makes it the most useful test for comparison of total specific immunoglobulins for Brucella abortus in different secretions. Using it in the present study it was found that in 85 cows the mean selective concentration of immunoglobulins in colostrum was six to eight fold, whether the cows were infected or not. In the non-infected group calves acquired mean levels of immunoglobulins of about one third those in colostrum whereas in the infected group this ratio reduced to about one seventh. There were wide individual variations. However, mean values indicate that in both groups the calf acquires a level of antibodies up to twice the level of the dam's pre-partum serum, again with individual wide variations. Titres to the SAT and CFT are also given for all animals.
A Robust, Efficient, and Highly Enantioselective Method for Synthesis of Homopropargyl Amines (2012)

Fast, robust, selective: Copper-catalyzed enantioselective additions of homopropargyl groups to a wide range of aldimines proceed readily and with high enantioselectivity. The catalytic method is scalable and practical, the allenylboron reagent is commercially available, and conversion into amines is inexpensive and high-yielding. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Anionic iridium complexes for solid state light-emitting electrochemical cells (2012)

Two anionic iridium complexes Na[Ir(2-(p-tolyl)pyridine)2(CN)2] (A1) and Na[Ir(2-phenylquinoline)2(CN)2] (A2) were synthesized and characterized for use in light-emitting electrochemical cells (LECs). The photophysical and electrochemical studies show that the emission wavelengths and the LUMO energy levels of these complexes are governed by the conjugation length of the cyclometalated ligands. Single-layer LEC devices incorporating anionic complexes were fabricated and tested. Suffering from poor solubility of the anionic complexes, the device performances were rather limited due to the lack of film uniformity. The solubility issue was circumvented by using 18-crown-6 as an additive, efficiently eliminating the cluster structure formed by ion-dipole (sodium ion–lone pair of the nitrile ligand) interaction. The maximum brightness and peak external quantum efficiency achieved by crown-mediated LEC were up to 69 cd m−2 and 1.38%, respectively. The device efficiencies exhibit a great dependence with the LUMO level of the complex, suggesting substantial importance of the electron injection process.
Supplementary Table and Figure Legends from Genetic and Pharmacological Screens Converge in Identifying FLIP, BCL2, and IAP Proteins as Key Regulators of Sensitivity to the TRAIL-Inducing Anticancer Agent ONC201/TIC10 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table and Figure Legends. Legends for Supplementary Tables S1-S4 and Supplementary Figures S1-S12.&lt;/p&gt;
Novel recurrently mutated genes and a prognostic mutation signature in colorectal cancer (2014)

The application of next-generation sequencing has led to the identification of three novel significantly mutated genes in CRC and a mutation signature that predicts survival outcomes for stratifying patients with CRC independent of TNM staging.
Patterns of Susceptibility of Aspergillus Isolates Recovered from Patients Enrolled in the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (2009)

We analyzed antifungal susceptibilities of 274 clinical Aspergillus isolates from transplant recipients with proven or probable invasive aspergillosis collected as part of the Transplant-Associated Infection Surveillance Network (TRANSNET) and examined the relationship between MIC and mortality at 6 or 12 weeks. Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M38-A2 broth dilution method for amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole (ITR), voriconazole (VOR), posaconazole (POS), and ravuconazole (RAV). The isolate collection included 181 Aspergillus fumigatus, 28 Aspergillus niger, 27 Aspergillus flavus, 22 Aspergillus terreus, seven Aspergillus versicolor, five Aspergillus calidoustus, and two Aspergillus nidulans isolates and two isolates identified as Aspergillus spp. Triazole susceptibilities were < or = 4 microg/ml for most isolates (POS, 97.6%; ITR, 96.3%; VOR, 95.9%; RAV, 93.5%). The triazoles were not active against the five A. calidoustus isolates, for which MICs were > or = 4 microg/ml. AMB inhibited 93.3% of isolates at an MIC of < or = 1 microg/ml. The exception was A. terreus, for which 15 (68%) of 22 isolates had MICs of >1 microg/ml. One of 181 isolates of A. fumigatus showed resistance (MIC > or = 4 microg/ml) to two of three azoles tested. Although there appeared to be a correlation of higher VOR MICs with increased mortality at 6 weeks, the relationship was not statistically significant (R2 = 0.61; P = 0.065). Significant relationships of in vitro MIC to all-cause mortality at 6 and 12 weeks for VOR or AMB were not found.
Double-Slit Electron Interference Experiment with Zero Propagation Distance Using Electron Biprism (2019)

Yang's double-slit experiments show interferences owing to the long propagation distance from a double-slit to the observation plane. We performed a double-slit interference experiment under the pre-Fraunhofer condition, which corresponded to a short propagation distance from the double-slit to the observation plane: single-slit observations were performed under the Fraunhofer condition and the double-slit observations were performed under the Fresnel condition simultaneously In this experiment, however, because of the existence of a propagation distance, two waves passed through the right and left slits always overlapped and controlling the waves was difficult. To overcome this difficulty, we devised an optical system for imaging the double-slit on the observation plane under the infocus condition. This experimental condition can be considered as an optically zero propagation distance from the double-slit to the observation plane because of the optical conjugate relation between the object plane and the image plane. Two electron biprisms were installed in the optical system to superimpose the two waves and to control the interference. In addition, we used a V-shaped double-slit (V-DS) of about a 1.3-m-thick Cu foil made with a focused ion beam instrument to observe in a single image the interference features before, during, and after overlapping of electron waves from the left and right slits.
Color constancy in diagonal chromaticity space (2002)

Simple constraints on the sets of possible surface reflectances and illuminants are exploited in a new color constancy algorithm that builds upon Forsyth's (1990) theory of color constancy. The goal defined for a color constancy algorithm is to discount variations in the color and intensity of the incident illumination and thereby extract illumination-independent descriptors of surface colors from images. Forsyth's method is based on two constraints: first, the surface colors under a canonical illuminant all fall within an established maximal convex gamut of possible colors and second that a diagonal matrix accurately maps colors between illuminants. These constraints taken together turn out to be very effective in solving for color constancy; however, other strong assumptions about the scenes are required for the method to work-the illumination must be uniform, the surfaces must be planar, and there can be no specularities. We show that these restrictions are necessary only because Forsyth sets out to recover the intensity of descriptors. At the outset we abandon 3-dimensional descriptor recovery in favor of recovering only orientation (i.e. 2 dimensions). Intensity information is factored out of the problem by mapping 3-dimensional (r, g, b) camera responses onto 2-dimensional chromaticities; specifically (r/b, g/b). We show that this "diagonal chromaticity space" has two important properties: first, gamut convexity is preserved and second illumination change is still described by a diagonal matrix. It follows that Forsyth's algorithm can be directly applied to the recover chromaticity descriptors and from these the 3D descriptor orientations can be derived. The basic algorithm is then extended to include a maximal gamut constraint on the set of illuminants that is analogous to the gamut constraint on surface colors. The diagonal chromaticity space facilitates the expression of the illumination constraint in the algorithm. Tests on real images show that the algorithm provides good color constancy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Single‐Cell Intravital Microscopy of Trastuzumab Quantifies Heterogeneous in vivo Kinetics (2019)

Cell-to-cell heterogeneity can substantially impact drug response, especially for monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies that may exhibit variability in both delivery (pharmacokinetics) and action (pharmacodynamics) within solid tumors. However, it has traditionally been difficult to examine the kinetics of mAb delivery at a single-cell level and in a manner that enables controlled dissection of target-dependent and -independent behaviors. To address this issue, here we developed an in vivo confocal (intravital) microscopy approach to study single-cell mAb pharmacology in a mosaic xenograft comprising a mixture of cancer cells with variable expression of the receptor HER2. As a proof-of-principle, we applied this model to trastuzumab therapy, a HER2-targeted mAb widely used for treating breast and gastric cancer patients. Trastuzumab accumulated to a higher degree in HER2-over expressing tumor cells compared to HER2-low tumor cells (~5:1 ratio at 24 h after administration) but importantly, the majority actually accumulated in tumor-associated phagocytes. For example, 24 h after IV administration over 50% of tumoral trastuzumab was found in phagocytes whereas at 48 h it was >80%. Altogether, these results reveal the dynamics of how phagocytes influence mAb behavior in vivo, and demonstrate an application of intravital microscopy for quantitative single-cell measurement of mAb distribution and retention in tumors with heterogeneous target expression. © 2019 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Guest Editorial Introduction to the Focused Section on Electroactive Polymer Mechatronics (2011)

The ten papers in this focused section present relevant new models, devices and applications of three families of iconic EAPs (conducting polymers, carbon nanotubes, and ionic polymer-metal composites) and one family of electronic EAPs (dielectric elastomers).
Size Effects in Active Superconductor Antennas (2015)

Despite the fact that active an electrically small antenna based on Superconducting Quantum Array forms output voltage which is independent of the antenna size to wavelength ratio, a small size effect can appear and limit the antenna output linearity with the ratio increase. We analyze the size effect in the active antennas of both transformer and transformer-free types.
Application of DMF—Methyl Sulfate Adduct in the Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Acylated Indolizines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Evidence for Exotic Hadron Contributions toΛb0→J/ψpπ−Decays (2016)

A full amplitude analysis of Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψpπ^{-} decays is performed with a data sample acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1}. A significantly better description of the data is achieved when, in addition to the previously observed nucleon excitations N→pπ^{-}, either the P_{c}(4380)^{+} and P_{c}(4450)^{+}→J/ψp states, previously observed in Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψpK^{-} decays, or the Z_{c}(4200)^{-}→J/ψπ^{-} state, previously reported in B^{0}→J/ψK^{+}π^{-} decays, or all three, are included in the amplitude models. The data support a model containing all three exotic states, with a significance of more than three standard deviations. Within uncertainties, the data are consistent with the P_{c}(4380)^{+} and P_{c}(4450)^{+} production rates expected from their previous observation taking account of Cabibbo suppression.
<title>Optical Performance Of The Gemini Carbon Dioxide Laser Fusion System</title> (1980)

The performance of the Gemini two beam carbon dioxide laser fusion system was recently upgraded by installation of optical components with improved quality in the final amplifier. A theoretical analysis was conducted in conlunction with measurements of the new performance. The analysis and experimental procedures, and results obtained are reported and compared. Good agreement was found which was within the uncertainties of the analysis and the inaccuracies of the experiments. The focal spot Strehl ratio was between 0.24 and 0.3 for both beams.
Supplemental Figures from mWTX-330, an IL-12 INDUKINE Molecule, Activates and Reshapes Tumor-Infiltrating CD8<sup><b>+</b></sup> T and NK Cells to Generate Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures 1-10&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of Three Brominated Analogues of the Potent Environmental Mutagen 3‐Chloro‐4‐(dichloromethyl)‐5‐hydroxy‐2(5H)‐furanone (MX). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On causal algorithms for speech enhancement (2006)

Kalman filtering is a powerful technique for the estimation of a signal observed in noise that can be used to enhance speech observed in the presence of acoustic background noise. In a speech communication system, the speech signal is typically buffered for a period of 10-40 ms and, therefore, the use of either a causal or a noncausal filter is possible. We show that the causal Kalman algorithm is in conflict with the basic properties of human perception and address the problem of improving its perceptual quality. We discuss two approaches to improve perceptual performance. The first is based on a new method that combines the causal Kalman algorithm with pre- and postfiltering to introduce perceptual shaping of the residual noise. The second is based on the conventional Kalman smoother. We show that a short lag removes the conflict resulting from the causality constraint and we quantify the minimum lag required for this purpose. The results of our objective and subjective evaluations confirm that both approaches significantly outperform the conventional causal implementation. Of the two approaches, the Kalman smoother performs better if the signal statistics are precisely known, if this is not the case the perceptually weighted Kalman filter performs better.
Foundation for International Education in Neurological Surgery (FIENS) Global Health and Neurosurgical Volunteerism (2013)

This is a short prospectus about the Foundation for International Education in Neurological Surgery (FIENS). We would like to give general neurosurgery an idea about FIENS and the spirit of neurosurgical involvement in global health.
Robust data-driven approach for control desaturation in brake-by-wire actuators (2022)

Brake-by-Wire (BBW) systems have reached a significant level of maturity, both in their design and control. One of the topics still open for research is the parameter calibration of their controllers, which suffer the issue - particularly relevant in BBW actuators - of system parameter variation and uncertainty. Data-driven approaches are an interesting method to address this problem, where the controller parameters are tuned directly leveraging the collected data, and avoiding the intermediate step of building a system model. When applied to BBW systems, faster and robust parameters calibration have been successfully achieved. Following this research path, in this paper we propose a data-driven tuning approach, based on the Bayesian Optimization, for the parameters of the anti-windup scheme of a cascaded controller of an electro-hydraulic brake-by-wire system. Experimental results show that the proposed iterative tuning strategy is capable of automatically providing the controller parameters, yielding the target closed-loop performance. Additionally, a robust-oriented tuning procedure is discussed, which allows the controller to cope with the system non-linearities.
Global Vision Impairment and Blindness Due to Uncorrected Refractive Error, 1990–2010 (2016)

The purpose of this systematic review was to estimate worldwide the number of people with moderate and severe visual impairment (MSVI; presenting visual acuity <6/18, ≥3/60) or blindness (presenting visual acuity <3/60) due to uncorrected refractive error (URE), to estimate trends in prevalence from 1990 to 2010, and to analyze regional differences. The review focuses on uncorrected refractive error which is now the most common cause of avoidable visual impairment globally. : The systematic review of 14,908 relevant manuscripts from 1990 to 2010 using Medline, Embase, and WHOLIS yielded 243 high-quality, population-based cross-sectional studies which informed a meta-analysis of trends by region. The results showed that in 2010, 6.8 million (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.7-8.8 million) people were blind (7.9% increase from 1990) and 101.2 million (95% CI: 87.88-125.5 million) vision impaired due to URE (15% increase since 1990), while the global population increased by 30% (1990-2010). The all-age age-standardized prevalence of URE blindness decreased 33% from 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1-0.2%) in 1990 to 0.1% (95% CI: 0.1-0.1%) in 2010, whereas the prevalence of URE MSVI decreased 25% from 2.1% (95% CI: 1.6-2.4%) in 1990 to 1.5% (95% CI: 1.3-1.9%) in 2010. In 2010, URE contributed 20.9% (95% CI: 15.2-25.9%) of all blindness and 52.9% (95% CI: 47.2-57.3%) of all MSVI worldwide. The contribution of URE to all MSVI ranged from 44.2 to 48.1% in all regions except in South Asia which was at 65.4% (95% CI: 62-72%). : We conclude that in 2010, uncorrected refractive error continues as the leading cause of vision impairment and the second leading cause of blindness worldwide, affecting a total of 108 million people or 1 in 90 persons.
Desenhando mercados do mundo real (2011)

E consenso entre economistas que as contribuicoes de Paul Milgrom nas areas de teoria de leiloes, teoria dos jogos, organizacoes e financas, o fazem merecedor de um Premio Nobel. Algo raro entre seus pares, ultrapassou os limites do mundo academico e tem tido papel fundamental no desenho de mercados do mundo real – como os leiloes de espectro para telefonia celular nos EUA e leiloes para anuncios na internet – e servido de consultor para estrategias de bidding em grandes leiloes. Nesta entrevista, que contou com valiosas sugestoes de Rogerio Werneck, Milgrom discute os leiloes de espectro no Brasil, as regras do pre-sal e o papel da teoria economica no desenho de mercados.
Deep Neural Networks as Similitude Models for Sharing Big Data (2019)

The amount of data grows rapidly with time and shows no signs of stopping. Ubiquitous computing continues to collect and generate more and more data as both the number of devices grows and the capabilities of devices increase. We suggest processing the data on end devices by building a representative model of the data (“similitude” model). Sharing a smaller model instead of the entire data allows for saving computing power, network time, processing time and also, keeping the collected data private. In the past research, we suggested the use of similitude models, as compact models of data representation instead of the data itself. In this paper, we suggest the use of deep neural networks (DNN) as a data model to answer different types of queries. More specifically, we show that by building two models (generative network and auto-encoder) it is possible to answer approximately both statistical queries and membership queries without exposing the entire dataset.