gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Improved Procedure for the Cyanation of Aryl Triflates: A Convenient Synthesis of 6‐Cyano‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinoline. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mast cells as a unique hematopoietic lineage and cell system: From Paul Ehrlich's visions to precision medicine concepts (2020)

The origin and functions of mast cells (MCs) have been debated since their description by Paul Ehrlich in 1879. MCs have long been considered 'reactive bystanders' and 'amplifiers' in inflammatory processes, allergic reactions, and host responses to infectious diseases. However, knowledge about the origin, phenotypes and functions of MCs has increased substantially over the past 50 years. MCs are now known to be derived from multipotent hematopoietic progenitors, which, through a process of differentiation and maturation, form a unique hematopoietic lineage residing in multiple organs. In particular, MCs are distinguishable from basophils and other hematopoietic cells by their unique phenotype, origin(s), and spectrum of functions, both in innate and adaptive immune responses and in other settings. The concept of a unique MC lineage is further supported by the development of a distinct group of neoplasms, collectively referred to as mastocytosis, in which MC precursors expand as clonal cells. The clinical consequences of the expansion and/or activation of MCs are best established in mastocytosis and in allergic inflammation. However, MCs have also been implicated as important participants in a number of additional pathologic conditions and physiological processes. In this article, we review concepts regarding MC development, factors controlling MC expansion and activation, and some of the fundamental roles MCs may play in both health and disease. We also discuss new concepts for suppressing MC expansion and/or activation using molecularly-targeted drugs.
Proteins tightly associated with the termini of replicative form DNA of Kilham rat virus, an autonomous parvovirus. (1985)

Revie et al. [Revie, D., Tseng, B. Y., Grafstrom, R. H. & Goulian, M. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 5539-5543] have proposed that the double-stranded replicative form (RF) DNA of the autonomous rodent parvovirus H-1 has protein of 60 kDa covalently bound at its 5' termini. We present evidence that the RF DNA of a similar rodent parvovirus, Kilham rat virus (KRV), also has covalently bound protein. NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified, 125I-labeled RF DNA shows that proteins of 68-72, 66, 64, and 55 kDa copurify with the DNA during velocity and equilibrium sedimentation in the presence of detergents and 4 M guanidine HCl. Phenol extraction in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol removes the 68- to 72-kDa proteins, but the 66-, 64-, and 55-kDa proteins remain tightly, but noncovalently, bound. The latter polypeptides also appear to associate with protease-treated RF DNA when mixed with uninfected cell extract. Following removal of these proteins by electrophoresis in NaDodSO4/agarose gels, two proteins (called RF TP-90 and RF TP-40), of about 90 and 40 kDa, become evident. These remain bound to the DNA and are released only after nuclease digestion of the DNA. These two proteins, apparently not of viral origin, are associated with terminal restriction fragments of the RF DNA and appear to be covalently bound to the 5' termini of both strands.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Intramembrane proteolysis of signal peptides: an essential step in the generation of HLA-E epitopes. (2002)

Signal sequences of human MHC class I molecules are a unique source of epitopes for newly synthesized nonclassical HLA-E molecules. Binding of such conserved peptides to HLA-E induces its cell surface expression and protects cells from NK cell attack. After cleavage from the pre-protein, we show that the liberated MHC class I signal peptide is further processed by signal peptide peptidase in the hydrophobic, membrane-spanning region. This cut is essential for the release of the HLA-E epitope-containing fragment from the lipid bilayer and its subsequent transport into the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum via the TAP. PMID: 11714810
Layer-By-Layer Nanoassembly Of Polyelectrolites Engineered With Bioreceptors For High-Sensitivity Optical Label-Free Biosensing With Nanostructured Porous Silicon (2020)

Here we report the layer-by-layer (LbL) nanoassembly of charged polyelectrolytes engineered with bioreceptors as an effective and robust alternative to covalent biofunctionalization (e.g., organosilanization and hydrosilylation) for affinity biosensing with porous silicon (PSi) interferometers [1]. As a proof of concept demonstration, a bi-layer of positively-charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and negatively-charged biotinylated poly(methacrylic acid) (b-PMAA) is assembled onto the surface of oxidized PSi interferometers for the affinity detection of streptavidin in buffer and raw saliva. The LbL nanoassembly allows a homogenous coating of the inner PSi surface, ensuring a robust anchoring of the bioreceptors and, in turn, high sensitive and selective detection of streptavidin, also in raw saliva, down to a theoretical detection limit of 600 fM. This pushes PSi based biosensors at detection limit comparable to that of state-of-the-art nanostructured photonic and plasmonic platforms for biosensing. Further, the development and employment of polymers engineered with several bioreceptors or with stronger dissociation properties (e.g. PSS) could broaden the applications LbL nano-assembly in biosensing and in biomedical applications. [1] S. Mariani et al., Nature Communications. 2018, 9, 5256, 1-13.
Supp Figure 2A from Involvement of Epigenetics and EMT-Related miRNA in Arsenic-Induced Neoplastic Transformation and Their Potential Clinical Use (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supp Figure 2A. Promoter methylation is inversely associated with gene expression&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from The Polycomb Gene Product BMI1 Contributes to the Maintenance of Tumor-Initiating Side Population Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from The Polycomb Gene Product BMI1 Contributes to the Maintenance of Tumor-Initiating Side Population Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE CAN BE PREDICTED BY SIMPLE EQUATIONS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS (2004)

Purpose: Visceral Adipose Tissue (VAT) correlates with insulin resistance, lipid abnormalities, and atherosclerosis in hemodialysis (HD)patients. It is measured by MRI or CT, the expense of which decreases its clinical use. The aim of this study was to find ant hropometric correlations of VAT to help identify HD patients at risk for these diseases. Method: 40 HD patients (60% male, 40%female) underwent MRI to measure VAT and anthropometric measurements. Weight, height, upperarm and forearm skin folds as well as lengths and circumferences of thearm, trunk and leg were measured. Trunk length was measured fromacromial process to the greater trochanter. The average age was 54.3years (+/−10.5), average height was1 67.7 cm (+/−96.4), average weight was 77.9 kg (+/−16.88). Results: Trunk circumference had a poor correlation with VAT (R2=0.21), as did skin fold thickness (R2= 0.46).Relative trunk weight, a new criterion obtained by multiplying the weight in kg. by a ratio of trunk length: height had the best correlation(R2=0.70, y = 2.7733x + 17.353). Weight and BMI had slightly weaker correlations (R2=0.65, y = 0.0998x - 4.4801 and R2 = 0.6, y = 0.3356x- 5.9776). In patients with BMI 25, those with >30% body fat had a significantly higher VAT than those with <30% body fat (p=0.001). Conclusions: Visceral adipose tissue can he predicted from the bedside measurement of trunk length, height and weight by simple by using the equations above. This may help identify hemodialysis patients at risk for the various metabolic syndromes heralded by VAT.
The MEC-Based Architecture Design for Low-Latency and Fast Hand-Off Vehicular Networking (2018)

Vehicular Cloud and autonomous vehicles require a scalable and reliable mobile communication network. LTE and Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) have been trying to fit for such role, yet neither can satisfy all requirement due to inherent architectural limitations. Fortunately the fifth generation mobile network, 5G and Mobile Edge Cloud/Computing (MEC) is around the corner, targeting ultra low packet delay, high reliability, and Gigabit level wireless bandwidth. This paper introduces a unique vehicular MEC architecture where instead of simply off-loading application service to the edge servers on MEC, vehicular communication packets are routed through the MEC network. We discuss in detail how it accommodates vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communication with high scalability and guaranteed low packet delay. We also provide an in depth analysis of the pros and cons of our MEC vehicle network design, and address the mobility management issue on edge cloud. Applying distributed mobility management (DMM) operations we are able to make edge cloud IP handoff seamless and transparent. Proof of concept simulations are conducted using NS3.
Side Chain Redistribution as a Strategy to Boost Organic Electrochemical Transistor Performance and Stability (2020)

A series of glycolated polythiophenes for use in organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is designed and synthesized, differing in the distribution of their ethylene glycol chains that are tethered to the conjugated backbone. While side chain redistribution does not have a significant impact on the optoelectronic properties of the polymers, this molecular engineering strategy strongly impacts the water uptake achieved in the polymers. By careful optimization of the water uptake in the polymer films, OECTs with unprecedented steady-state performances in terms of [μC<sup>*</sup> ] and current retentions up to 98% over 700 electrochemical switching cycles are developed.
Computer and Videogame Interventions for Older Adults' Cognitive and Everyday Functioning (2018)

Training effects were highly specific to the target of training. Training effects to visual attention and processing speed were, as expected, larger for InSight-trained participants but were also seen for videogame participants. Given that past research has shown that videogame training leads to greater engagement than cognitive training, videogame interventions may represent a choice for more modest gains in a more engaging context.
The M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor agonist xanomeline suppresses lethal inflammation (2009)

We have recently indicated a role for brain muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in controlling systemic inflammatory responses (Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 2006, 5219; Brain Behav Immun, Epub). Here we studied whether xanomeline, a centrally‐acting M1 muscarinic receptor agonist, suppresses the systemic cytokine response and improves survival during lethal endotoxemia. This drug has been studied in the context of Alzheimer's disease, but its anti‐inflammatory effects have not been previously reported. Peripheral drug (5 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.) administration 1h prior to endotoxin (6 mg/kg, i.p.) dose‐dependently suppressed serum TNF levels and significantly improved survival in mice. Pharmacological blockade of brain muscarinic receptors, but not peripheral muscarinic receptors abrogated the survival‐improving drug effect, thus demonstrating that central muscarinic receptors mediated the effect of xanomeline. In addition, administration of xanomeline (20 mg/kg, i.p.) 20h prior to endotoxin significantly reduced serum TNF levels and improved survival. Together these findings demonstrate the long‐lasting anti‐inflammatory efficacy of xanomeline, acting through a brain muscarinic receptor‐dependent mechanism, and indicate the therapeutic potential of centrally‐acting muscarinic M1 agonists in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. This study was funded in part by NIH/NIGMS.
Molecular orientation, thermal behavior and density of electron and hole transport layers and the implication on device performance for OLEDs (2014)

Recent progress has shown that molecular orientation in vapor-deposited glasses can affect device performance. The deposition process can result in films where the molecular axis of the glass material is preferentially ordered to lie parallel to the plane of the substrate. Here, materials made within Dow’s Electronic Materials business showed enhanced performance when the orientation of the molecules, as measured by variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry, was oriented in a more parallel fashion as compared to other materials. For one material, the anisotropic packing was observed in the as-deposited glass and was isotropic for solution-cast and annealed films. In addition, the density of an as-deposited <i>N,N′</i>-bis(naphthalene-1-yl)-<i>N,N′</i>-bis(phenyl)-2,2′-dimethylbenzidine (NPD) film was 0.8% greater than what was realized from slowly cooling the supercooled liquid. This enhanced density indicated that vapor-deposited molecules were packing more closely in addition to being anisotropic. Finally, upon heating the NPD film into the supercooled liquid state, both the density and anisotropic packing of the as-deposited glass was lost.
Power-scaling of optically pumped semiconductor lasers (2007)

Power-scaling of optically pumped semiconductor lasers (OPSL's) using a resonator with multiple OPS chips is demonstrated. With a 3-chip cavity and intra-cavity second harmonic generation, we obtain 55W of TEM<sub>00</sub> mode output at 532 nm and 66 W in multi-transverse mode. In addition, we describe the design of a periodic dynamically stable resonator that allows scaling to more than 4 chips and demonstrate that the output power scales with the number of chips in the cavity.
Anatomy of an Elementary Chemical Reaction (1998)

The alchemists of old sought the knowledge to transform one material to another-for example, base metals into gold-as a path to the elixir of life. As chemists have concerned themselves with the transformation from compound to compound, so they have become involved in trying to uncover the structures of molecules and the pathways that reactions follow. Classically, the study of reaction mechanisms in chemistry encompasses reaction kinetics, the study of velocities or rates of reactions, and reaction dynamics, the study of the nanoscopic motion and rearrangement of atoms during a reactive event. An essential aim of this article is to bring the reader to a favorable vantage point with a brief introduction to reactive dynamics, and from there to describe some examples of recent strategies that have been employed to promote a fundamental understanding of the anatomy of elementary chemical reactions. In the final section we ponder future directions for this rapidly evolving field of research.
In vitro antimicrobial and in vivo antioomycete activities of the novel antibiotic thiobutacin (2007)

The authors verified in vitro antioomycete activity of thiobutacin against P. capsici and its control efficacy against Phytophthora blight in vivo. This is the first report to demonstrate in vivo antioomycete activity of the novel antibiotic thiobutacin against P. capsici infection.
Thérapies antitumorales par ciblage des cellules Natural Killer (2017)

Les cellules NK expriment un repertoire de recepteurs qui leur permettent de detecter les cellules cancereuses tout en epargnant les cellules normales. Ces cellules peuvent etre stimulees ou reactivees par differentes strategies therapeutiques qui sont presentees dans cet article : utilisation de cellules NK allogeniques ou autologues genetiquement modifiees, utilisation d’anticorps inhibant les recepteurs inhibiteurs des cellules NK (points de controle immunitaire), utilisation de cytokines activant les cellules NK, etc.
Choline‐Geranate Deep Eutectic Solvent Improves Stability and Half‐Life of Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 (2020)

Abstract Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and ionic liquids (ILs) have shown promise as a platform to deliver drugs, particularly biologics, through transdermal and oral routes. This ability is made possible through several key DES/IL attributes, including protein solubilization and stabilization, enzyme inhibition, and enhanced permeation across epithelial barriers. It is hypothesized herein, that some of these attributes enable subcutaneous delivery. To test this hypothesis, a native (non‐analog) glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) is delivered subcutaneously in varying concentrations of a DES, choline geranate (CAGE). Native GLP‐1 is rapidly cleared from the circulatory system by enzymatic degradative action of dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4). However, when delivered in neat or diluted CAGE, the area under the curve (AUC) of GLP‐1 increases by up to four‐fold compared to that in saline, suggesting a notable increase in the peptide concentration in the circulatory system. Mechanistic studies reveal that CAGE inhibits the degradative activity of DPP‐4 and that CAGE undergoes self‐assembly, which may be responsible for the entrapment and sustained release of GLP‐1. These studies demonstrate that upon additional testing, CAGE can be a potential excipient to improve the pharmacokinetic profile of GLP‐1.
Nanoscale reconfigurable computing using non-volatile 2-D STTRAM array (2009)

Abstract — In this paper, we investigate the combination of a novel computing paradigm referred to as Memory Based Computing (MBC) and an emerging non-volatile nanoscale memory technology, namely Spin-Torque Transfer Random Access Memory (STTRAM), to build a reconfigurable nanocomputing framework with high integration density, robustness and energy-delay efficiency. MBC uses a 2-D memory array as underlying computing element. Noting the read-dominant access pattern in MBC, we optimize the STTRAM cells to increase the energy-delay efficiency. Further, exploiting the asymmetric nature of the cells, we introduce the notion of preferential storage which optimizes the cell performance for ‘1’ over ‘0 ’ and skew the LUT content toward ‘1 ’ for improved energy-delay product (EDP). Keywords-Reconfigurable Computing; Non-volatile; STTRAM; EDP Improvement
Effect of external magnetic field on resistance spot welding of aluminium to steel (2021)

Resistance spot welding of aluminium to steel with magnetic-assisted apparatus was performed for the first time to understand the metallurgical joining mechanism in the melt region and at the material interface. The electromagnetic force promoted circular motion of the molten metal and accelerated the diffusion of Fe atoms to the aluminium sheet, which induced finer grains, thinner intermetallic compound layers, reduced interface defects, and elevated hardness of the resulting aluminium nugget. Coach peel tests revealed that welds made with an external magnetic field presented enhanced strength and ductility compared to welds made with no external magnetic field. The enhanced strength and ductility resulted in a transition of the fracture behaviour from brittle interfacial mode to ductile button pullout mode, and increased the peak load and the energy absorption by 90% and 1327%, respectively.
THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CHEDDAR CHEESE: EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING (2001)

Thermal properties (thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity and heat capacity) of Cheddar cheese were measured as a function of cheese age and composition. The composition ranged from 30–60% moisture, 8–37% fat, and 22–36% protein (wet basis). The thermal conductivity and heat capacity ranged from 0.354–0.481 W/m °C and from 2.444–3.096 kJ/kg °C. Both thermal conductivity and heat capacity increased with moisture and protein content and decreased with fat content. The thermal diffusivity ranged from 1.07×10−7 − 1.53 × 10−7 m2/s. There was no significant relationship between thermal diffusivity and moisture, fat and protein content of cheese. No statistically significant effect (at the 10% level) of age (0 to 28 wk) on thermal properties was observed. Models predicting thermal properties as a function of cheese composition were developed and their predictive ability was compared with that of empirical models available in the literature. In addition, several theoretical thermal conductivity models were evaluated for their usefulness with Cheddar cheese. Published thermal conductivity models cannot accurately predict (mean error was from 3.4 to 42%) the thermal conductivity of Cheddar cheese.
Computed Tomography Cholangiography Using the Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent Gadoxetate Disodium (2019)

Gadoxetate disodium shows promise as a viable contrast agent for CT cholangiography, with CNR similar to those seen clinically with an iodine-based contrast agent. Dual-energy CT or low kV SE-CT is helpful to enhance the signal.
SECRETION OF “INHIBIN” BY RAT GRANULOSA CELLS IN VITRO1 (1978)

Rat granulosa cells secrete a substance in vitro that acts directly upon cultured rat pituitary cells to preferentially suppress FSH production. It is inferred from these results that the granulosa cell is a source of ovarian "inhibin" and that the pituitary gonadotroph is a site of "inhibin" action.
Chemically Deposited Cobalt‐Based Oxygen‐Evolution Electrocatalysts on DOPA‐Displaying Viruses (2017)

Abstract Filamentous bacteriophages were engineered to display 3,4‐dihydroxy‐ l ‐phenylalanine (DOPA) onto which a cobalt oxide based oxygen‐evolution catalyst (Co‐OEC) spontaneously deposited at room temperature. Relative to the electrodeposited Co‐OEC, the catalyst formed on the virus exhibited improved durability and current density in a small overpotential region, as well as decreased oxidation states for the formation of Co(OH) 2 , as confirmed by electrochemical and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis. Chemically deposited Co(OH) 2 on the virus was oxidized to CoOOH during the water‐oxidation process. Thus, the DOPA‐displaying virus illustrates the affordability of a genetically engineered bacteriophage as a molecular support that can improve the catalytic performance of inorganic materials without any additional electrical energy.
Transferable Learning on Analog Hardware (2022)

While analog neural network (NN) accelerators promise massive energy and time savings, an important challenge is to make them robust to static fabrication error. Present-day training methods for programmable photonic interferometer circuits, a leading analog NN platform, do not produce networks that perform well in the presence of static hardware errors. Moreover, existing hardware error correction techniques either require individual re-training of every analog NN (which is impractical in an edge setting with millions of devices), place stringent demands on component quality, or introduce hardware overhead. We solve all three problems by introducing one-time error-aware training techniques that produce robust NNs that match the performance of ideal hardware and can be exactly transferred to arbitrary highly faulty photonic NNs with hardware errors up to 5x larger than present-day fabrication tolerances.
Existence of the Frank-Starling Mechanism in the Failing Human Heart (1996)

The Frank-Starling mechanism is maintained in end-stage failing human hearts, whereas significant alterations of diastolic myocardial distensibility are evident in chronic heart failure.