gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Factors Influencing Market Adoption and Evolution of NFV/SDN Cybersecurity Solutions. Evidence from SHIELD Project (2018)

SHIELD is an ED-funded project, targeting at the design and development of a novel cybersecurity framework, with the aim of which offers security-as-a-Service in an oevolved telco environment. The SHIELD framework leverages NFV (Network Functions Virtualization) and SDN (Software-Defined Networking) for virtualization and dynamic placement of virtualised security appliances in the network (virtual Network Security Functions - vNSFs), Big Data analytics for real-time incident detection and mitigation, as well as attestation techniques for securing both the infrastructure and the services. This paper presents a detail Roadmapping analysis and identifies the factors that will affect market adoption and the evolution of SHIELD or similar cybersecurity solutions.
Study of materials effects on the single cutting in ultra-precision raster milling (2017)

Ultra-precision raster milling (UPRM) rotates a single crystal diamond tool to discontinuously remove materials from the workpiece and can directly produce freeform surfaces with sub-micrometric form accuracy and nanometric surface finishing. This paper presents theoretical and experimental investigations on the workpiece material effect on single cutting profile in UPRM. Experiments are conducted to study the material effect on cutting profile by single cutting four materials including copper, aluminium alloy 6061, brass and aluminium bronze under the same cutting conditions in UPRM. A characterisation method is presented in the paper to study the effect of different workpiece material on the cutting profiles in UPRM. The experimental results show that copper alloy makes the smallest effect on the single cutting profile because of the lowest elastic recovery ratio while the material effect of aluminium bronze is the highest due to the highest elastic recovery ratio and the highest hardness.
Plant Cell Walls (2010)

Plant cell walls are complex, dynamic cellular structures essential for plant growth, development, physiology and adaptation. Plant Cell Walls provides an in depth and diverse view of the microanatomy, biosynthesis and molecular physiology of these cellular structures, both in the life of the plant and in their use for bioproducts and biofuels. Plant Cell Walls is a textbook for upper-level undergraduates and graduate students, as well as a professional-level reference book. Over&nbsp;400 drawings, micrographs, and photographs provide visual insight into the latest research, as well as the uses of plant cell walls in everyday life, and their applications in biotechnology. Illustrated panels concisely review research methods and tools; a list of key terms is given at the end of each chapter; and extensive references organized by concept headings provide readers with guidance for entry into plant cell wall literature.Cell wall material is of considerable importance to the biofuel, food, timber, and pulp and paper industries as well as being a major focus of research in plant growth and sustainability that are of central interest in present day agriculture and biotechnology. The production and use of plants for biofuel and bioproducts in a time of need for responsible global carbon use requires a deep understanding of the fundamental biology of plants and their cell walls. Such an understanding will lead to improved plant processes and materials, and help provide a sustainable resource for meeting the future bioenergy and bioproduct needs of humankind.
Estimating the Reduction of Radiated Emissions From Microstrip Components Using Network Analyzer With a Bulk Current Injection Probe (2013)

This work presents a novel measurement method using a network analyzer with a bulk current injection (BCI) probe to measure the common-mode conversion coefficient of microstrip components in an RF/microwave circuit. Based on the proposed measurement method, far-field radiated emissions from microstrip components are obtained, which closely corresponds to measurements in a fully anechoic chamber. The proposed method also estimates the radiated emission reduction by miniaturizing the physical size of microstrip bandpass filters (BPFs). Full-wave electromagnetic simulation further demonstrates the effectiveness of the measurement method.
Predictive Sorting Algorithm for Modular Multilevel Converters Minimizing the Spread in the Submodule Capacitor Voltages (2014)

The balancing of the capacitor voltages in modular multilevel converters becomes increasingly difficult when the switching frequency is reduced. Typically, a reduced switching frequency will increase the spread in the capacitor voltages and, thus, the voltage ripple in the individual submodules. This paper presents a capacitor voltage balancing strategy which aims to combine a low switching frequency with a low capacitor-voltage ripple. This is done by a predictive algorithm that controls the converter in such a way that the stored charge in the submodule capacitors is evenly distributed among all the submodules when the capacitor voltages reach their maximum values. In this way, it is possible to limit the peak voltages in the submodule capacitors at switching frequencies as low as 2-3 times the fundamental switching frequency. The proposed capacitor voltage balancing strategy is validated by both simulations and experimental results with 130-Hz and 140-Hz switching frequency. In the simulations, the capacitor voltage ripple was reduced by 24% compared to the case when a conventional sorting algorithm is used, and the experimental results show that it is possible to combine the proposed voltage balancing strategy with a circulating-current controller.
Chromatic and achromatic monocular deprivation produce separable changes of eye dominance in adults (2017)

Temporarily depriving one eye of its input, in whole or in part, results in a transient shift in eye dominance in human adults, with the patched eye becoming stronger and the unpatched eye weaker. However, little is known about the role of colour contrast in these behavioural changes. Here, we first show that the changes in eye dominance and contrast sensitivity induced by monocular eye patching affect colour and achromatic contrast sensitivity equally. We next use dichoptic movies, customized and filtered to stimulate the two eyes differentially. We show that a strong imbalance in achromatic contrast between the eyes, with no colour content, also produces similar, unselective shifts in eye dominance for both colour and achromatic contrast sensitivity. Interestingly, if this achromatic imbalance is paired with similar colour contrast in both eyes, the shift in eye dominance is selective, affecting achromatic but not chromatic contrast sensitivity and revealing a dissociation in eye dominance for colour and achromatic image content. On the other hand, a strong imbalance in chromatic contrast between the eyes, with no achromatic content, produces small, unselective changes in eye dominance, but if paired with similar achromatic contrast in both eyes, no changes occur. We conclude that perceptual changes in eye dominance are strongly driven by interocular imbalances in achromatic contrast, with colour contrast having a significant counter balancing effect. In the short term, eyes can have different dominances for achromatic and chromatic contrast, suggesting separate pathways at the site of these neuroplastic changes.
Measurement of the W boson helicity fractions in the decays of top quark pairs to lepton + jets final states produced in pp collisions at s=8TeV (2016)

The W boson helicity fractions from top quark decays in tt events are measured using data from protonproton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data were collected in 2012 with the CMS detector at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 19.8 fb -1 . Events are reconstructed with either one muon or one electron, along with four jets in the final state, with two of the jets being identified as originating from b quarks. The measured helicity fractions from both channels are combined, yielding F 0 = 0.681 0.012 (stat) 0.023 (syst), F L = 0.323 0.008 (stat) 0.014 (syst), and F R = -0.004 0.005 (stat) 0.014 (syst) for the longitudinal, left-, and right-handed components of the helicity, respectively. These measurements of the W boson helicity fractions are the most accurate to date and they agree with the predictions from the standard model.
Human Sickle Cell Disease Increases Numbers and Activation Of Peripheral Blood Myeloid Dendritic Cells, Monocytes, and Neutrophils (2013)

Abstract Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by widespread vaso-occlusion in venules that is initiated by the polymerization of deoxy-hemoglobin in sickle RBCs and exacerbated by leukocyte activation and endothelial injury. In the course of the disease, episodic flare-ups result in painful vaso-occlusive crises (pVOC) and acute chest syndrome that over time result in chronic tissue injury. We have previously shown that pVOC in SCD is associated with activation of a small subset of CD1d restricted T lymphocytes known as invariant NKT (iNKT) cells that release large amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and propagate an inflammatory cascade. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) stimulate the activation of iNKT cells by presenting lipid antigens on CD1d and by releasing co-activating cytokines such as IL-12 and IL-18. Cytokines released by activated iNKT cells such as IFN-γ further propagate inflammation by stimulating chemotaxis of and activation of additonal leukocytes. In mice, the cytokines that are released by activated iNKT cells trans-activate monocytes and neutrophils. In this study we investigated for the first time the effect of pVOC in patients on the activation of myeloid (CD11c+/CD123-) dendritic cells (DCs) (CD45+/Lin1-/HLA-DR+), monocytes (CD3-/CD19-/CD15-/CD66b-/CD14+), and neutrophils (CD3-/CD19-/CD15+/CD66b+). Our findings indicate that like iNKT cells, myeloid DCs, monocytes, and neutrophils are increased in peripheral blood of SCD subjects relative to non-SCD controls. Plasmacytoid DCs (CD11c-/CD123+) were little affected. This increase in cell numbers is enhanced during pVOC except for myeloid DCs which decrease, possibly due to extravasation out of the blood stream. In addition, CD1d+ myeloid DCs from SCD individuals express higher levels of the activation marker, CD86, and this is further increased during pVOC. Similarly, neutrophils and monocyte subsets including classical monocytes (CD14+/CD16-) and patrolling monocytes (CD14dim/CD16+) express higher levels of activated adhesion molecules, LFA-1 (detected with KIM127 antibody) and Mac-1 (detected with CBRM1/5 antibody that recognizes active CD11b), in SCD subjects during pVOC as compared to controls and steady-state SCD patients. Taken together, these findings strongly suggest that the severity of vaso-occlusion during the clinical course of SCD correlates with an increased pro-inflammatory state reflected by increased circulating activated leukocytes. These findings are also consistent with previous murine studies showing that iNKT cells are necessary, but not sufficient for initiating and amplification of tissue inflammation and damage. The activation of CD1d+ APCs during pVOC is likely to facilitate iNKT cell activation due to the expression of co-stimulatory molecules (CD86), inflammatory cytokines, and possibly lipid antigens. Moreover, the activation of adhesion molecules on monocytes and neutrophils may enhance their propensity to contribute to vaso-occlusion. Disclosures: Field: NKT Therapeutics: Consultancy.
Allergy-Preventive Flavonoids from Xanthorrhoea hastilis (2007)

Allergy-preventive activity was demonstrated for an extract of resins from Xanthorrhoea hastilis R. BR. in a search for allergy-preventive substances from natural sources. By bioassay-directed fractionation of this plant extract, a new flavanone, 3',5'-dihydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavanone (1), and two new chalcones, 3,5,2'-trihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxychalcone (2) and 5,2'-dihydroxy-3,4,4'-trimethoxychalcone (3), were isolated together with five known compounds, 5'-hydroxy-7,3',4'-trimethoxyflavanone (4), 3'-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavanone (5), liquiritigenin 7-methyl ether (6), 4,2'-dihydroxy-4'-methoxychalcone (7) and sakuranetin (8). The structures of 1, 2 and 3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. All of these compounds showed allergy-preventive effects.
Direct Electron Transfer of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase on Positively Charged Polyethyleneimine Gold Nanoparticles (2017)

Invited for this month's cover is the group of Prof. Dr. Lo Gorton at Lund University, Sweden. The cover picture shows a biosensor for measuring lactose in dairy products. It consists of a gold electrode, onto which a layer of polyethyleneimine-capped gold nanoparticles is deposited. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cplu.201600453.
Produção de microescleródios de Metarhizium spp. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) por fermentação com duas fontes de nitrogênio. (2019)

E fundamental a utilizacao do meio de cultura ideal para a producao de microesclerodios de Metarhizium spp. (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae). O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a concentracao de microesclerodios produzidos por M. anisopliae isolado ESALQ1617 e Metarhizium sp. indeterminada 1 isolado ESALQ1638 em meios de cultura desenvolvidos por Jaronski & Jackson (2012). Os isolados foram submetidos a sete combinacoes de meios: 4, 5 e 6 com extrato de levedura ou caseina hidrolisada em proporcoes de 45, 15 e 9 g L-1, respectivamente. Foi utilizado tambem o meio 6 contendo 6,34 g de extrato de levedura, conhecido na literatura por promover formacao de microesclerodios. Os meios utilizados e respectivas relacoes carbono e nitrogenio (C:N) foram: meio 4 (10:1), meio 5 (30:1) e meio 6 (50:1). Foram utilizados dois frascos de 250 mL com tres defletores na base para cada isolado fungico, contendo 45 mL de meio. Apos a inoculacao de 5 mL de uma suspensao de conidios de 5x106 conidios mL-1 os frascos permaneceram incubados em mesa agitadora orbital a 28 ± 2 °C, 300 rpm durante 4 dias. Obteve-se concentracoes maximas de 1,5x103 e 4,7x103 de microesclerodios mL-1 apos 4 dias no meio 4 dos isolados ESALQ1617 e ESALQ1638, respectivamente. Producao em meio 5 de 1,25x102 e 5x102 microesclerodios mL-1 foi observada para os isolados ESALQ1617 e ESALQ 1638, respectivamente. Nos demais meios somente foi observado formacao de aglomerados de hifas. A fonte de nitrogenio utilizada no meio 4 influenciou a producao de microesclerodios, a concentracao foi de 6,2x102 e 4,7x103 microesclerodios mL-1 do isolado ES-ALQ1638 contendo caseina hidrolisada e extrato de levedura, respectivamente. Producao de microesclerodios em meio 4 contendo extrato de levedura foi 3 vezes maior na especie indeterminada de Metarhizium que em M. anisopliae. Portanto, o meio 4 com extrato de levedura e o mais adequado a formacao de microesclerodios dos 2 isolados de Metarhizium em estudo.
Oxygen Heterocycles by Sulphur Ylide Annulation: Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydro-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-5-ones by Dimethylsulphoxonium Methylide (1984)

3,4-Dihydro-2-hydroxymethyl-2H,5H-pyrano[3,2-c][1]benzopyran-5-ones are the main products of the reaction of dimethylsulphoxonium methylide on Michael adducts of 4-hydroxycoumarins and α,β-unsaturated ketones. Minor quantities of 3,4-dihydro-2-hydroxymethyl-2H,5H-pyrano[2,3-b][1]benzopyran-5-ones are also sometimes obtained.
The Benefit of Temporally-Strong Labels in Audio Event Classification (2021)

To reveal the importance of temporal precision in ground truth audio event labels, we collected precise (∼0.1 sec resolution) "strong" labels for a portion of the AudioSet dataset. We devised a temporally-strong evaluation set (including explicit negatives of varying difficulty) and a small strong-labeled training subset of 67k clips (compared to the original dataset’s 1.8M clips labeled at 10 sec resolution). We show that fine-tuning with a mix of weak- and strongly-labeled data can substantially improve classifier performance, even when evaluated using only the original weak labels. For a ResNet-50 architecture, d′ on the strong evaluation data including explicit negatives improves from 1.13 to 1.39. The new labels are available as an update to AudioSet.
Prediction of Fatigue Thresholds of Steels with Surface Defects (2008)

The resistance-curve (R-curve) method was used to assess the effect of the diameter of drilled holes on the fatigue threshold of a carbon steel (JIS S45C) and a spring steel (SUP190). The specimens of the carbon steel with various hole diameters were subjected to tension-compression fatigue tests, and those of the spring steel to rotating bending and torsional fatigue tests. The fatigue crack made near the fatigue thresholds of drill-holed specimens of the carbon steel was modeled by the ring crack around the equator of the semi-cubic hole or by the quarter-circle at the corner of the cylindrical hole. When the diameter of drill holes was d = 0.05 and 0.1mm, the experimental data of the fatigue threshold agreed well with the prediction obtained under the assumption of the propagation threshold of the ring crack. The assumption of the quarter-circle crack gave a better prediction for the diameters of d = 0.3 and 0.5mm. For the case of the spring steel, on the other hand, the threshold value predicted from the crack propagation was far below the experimental data. The critical value of the stress intensity factor for crack nucleation was determined in order to obtain a better agreement with the experimental data. The critical value thus determined was nearly double the threshold stress intensity range for crack propagation. The nucleation condition of fatigue cracks controlled the fatigue threshold of the spring steel.
Laser accelerated ions from near critical gaseous targets (2015)

An intense laser pulse propagating through a near-critical density plasma is capable of generating a high peak current electron beam (~100kA) by means of a laser wakefield operating in the bubble regime. This beam drives surface currents on the sheath of the cavitation that produces large azithumal magnetic fields (~100 MG) and induces an on-axis electron current. These effects lead to a Z-pinch of the ambient plasma ions. Eventually the field confining the pinch relaxes and the ions explode radially due to self-repulsive forces. If this process occurs at a sharp exit gradient, the ions acquire some forward momentum consistent with the magnetic vortex acceleration mechanism. Fully 3D simulations indicate that the highest energy ions are emitted conically with a secondary lower energy ion beam accelerated on the axis.
Charge multiplication effect in thin diamond films (2016)

Herein, we report on the enhanced sensitivity for the detection of charged particles in single crystal chemical vapour deposition (scCVD) diamond radiation detectors. The experimental results demonstrate charge multiplication in thin planar diamond membrane detectors, upon impact of 18 MeV O ions, under high electric field conditions. Avalanche multiplication is widely exploited in devices such as avalanche photo diodes, but has never before been reproducibly observed in intrinsic CVD diamond. Because enhanced sensitivity for charged particle detection is obtained for short charge drift lengths without dark counts, this effect could be further exploited in the development of sensors based on avalanche multiplication and radiation detectors with extreme radiation hardness.
Optimal localization of partially known signals in unknown noise fields (2002)

Most methods for sensor array signal processing require the covariance matrix of the background noise to be known. Various techniques for overcoming this limitation have recently been proposed. While most of these are based on assumptions on the noise, we present herein an alternative approach based on partial knowledge of the signals. Methods yielding minimum variance estimates for the model in question are presented and analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Three‐dimensional representation of curved nanowires (2004)

Nanostructures, such as nanowires, nanotubes and nanocoils, can be described in many cases as quasi one-dimensional curved objects projecting in three-dimensional space. A parallax method to construct the correct three-dimensional geometry of such one-dimensional nanostructures is presented. A series of scanning electron microscope images was acquired at different view angles, thus providing a set of image pairs that were used to generate three-dimensional representations using a matlab program. An error analysis as a function of the view angle between the two images is presented and discussed. As an example application, the importance of knowing the true three-dimensional shape of boron nanowires is demonstrated; without the nanowire's correct length and diameter, mechanical resonance data cannot provide an accurate estimate of Young's modulus.
Supplemental Figure S2 from CD47 in the Tumor Microenvironment Limits Cooperation between Antitumor T-cell Immunity and Radiotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S2. CD47 blockade enhances T cell mediated cancer cell killing without affecting target cell proliferation.&lt;/p&gt;
Performance analysis of code division multiple access techniques in fiber optics with on-off and PPM pulsed signaling (2002)

The performance of asynchronous code division multiple access (CDMA) fiber optics using noncoherent optical-signal processing is analyzed. The use of pseudo-orthogonal address codes with aperiodic and periodic correlation properties is explored for on-off and pulse position modulation (PPM). The performance of the schemes is analyzed using avalanche photodiodes (APD) in both signaling and address code formats. The bit error rate is evaluated in terms of system parameters, such as number of active users, weight and length of the address code, laser power, photodetector characteristics, and fiber length, by taking into account the effects of noise. The numerical results of these evaluations are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>