gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standing interface stresses as a predictor of walking interface stresses in the trans-tibial prosthesis (2001)

Interface pressures and shear stresses within the socket, in standing and walking, were measured for two unilateral, male, trans-tibial amputee subjects, during two sessions each. The ratios of equal weight-bearing standing stresses to peak walking stresses showed regional variation, ranging from 0.24:1 for pressure over the anterior region to 1.01:1 for resultant interface shear stress over the lateral region. Interface stresses in standing were only moderate predictors of peak walking stresses. The best correlation coefficient between standing in full weight-bearing and peak walking stress was 0.88 for pressure over the lateral region. As the amputees progressed from minimal to full weight-bearing in standing, and then to walking, the interface stresses increased in a nonlinear fashion, consistent with the assumption that the anterior tibia provides much resistance to the bending moment in the sagittal plane during walking.
Molecular analysis of British facioscapulohumeral dystrophy families for 4q DNA rearrangements (1993)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy is an important autosomal dominant neuromuscular disorder that has been localised to 4q35. We have analysed our extensive panel of 45 families with a new DNA marker p13E-11. The findings, based on multiply informative individual meioses and multipoint mapping, suggest that probe p13E-11 is the closest marker for the disorder and it is likely to be located proximal to the disease locus as are all the other present markers. In nine of the ten new mutations studied, a new smaller EcoRI fragment which was not present in either of the parents was detected, indicating that a de novo DNA rearrangement is indeed associated with the development of the disease state. However, in view of the difficulty in defining the size of over 30kb alleles and the recombinant events observed with p13E-11, we suggest that it should be used in combination with another VNTR marker until a close distal flanking marker for this condition is identified or the gene itself is isolated.
1222 Co-Prescription of Ondansetron With Other QT-Prolonging Drugs: Data From a Large Community-Based Hospital System (2019)

INTRODUCTION: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has warned about the co-prescription of ondansetron with other QT-prolonging medications. Electronic medical records (EMR) with built-in warning systems for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) are designed to improve patient safety. However, overriding of warnings are common. Response to warnings for potentially life-threatening DDIs such as QT-prolongation has not been fully investigated. We studied outpatient co-prescription of ondansetron with other QT-prolonging medications in a large community-based health practice. METHODS: Data for all outpatient prescriptions for oral ondansetron from January 1 to March 31st, 2016 at NorthShore University HealthSystem was reviewed. A de-identified dataset was developed that included all outpatient prescriptions for oral ondansetron in patients receiving another QT-prolonging drug. Duplicate orders were removed. Interaction warnings, including the severity of the interactions are generated at the time of order placement. Prescriber response to DDI warnings and further analysis of the co-prescribed QT-prolonging drugs was performed. Demographic information was also studied. RESULTS: 11,935 cases of inpatient and outpatient co-prescriptions of ondansetron with and one or more QT-prolonging drug occurred during the study period. After filtering, there were 884 outpatient ondansetron and QT-prolonging co-prescription orders in 723 patients. All warnings were “severe interactions”. Only 93 (10.5%) prescriptions in outpatients were canceled, while 791 (89.5%) of the prescription orders were overridden. The most common classes of QT-prolonging medications taken by patients with overridden orders for ondansetron were selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (33%), macrolide antibiotics (29%), fluoroquinolone antibiotics (13%), and serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitors (SARIs) (11%) (See Table 1). The most commonly co-prescribed QT prolonging drugs are listed in Table 2. Twelve patients receiving QT-prolonging antiarrhythmic agents had completed orders for ondansetron. 617 (78%) of overridden prescriptions occurred in women. CONCLUSION: Warnings for ondansetron co-prescription with other QT-prolonging drugs are usually ignored. Co-prescription of ondansetron with other QT-prolonging drugs is more common in female patients. This is of particular concern because women are more likely to develop serious arrhythmias related to ondansetron-induced QT-prolongation.
Optimal Operation of a Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle with Battery Thermal and Degradation Model (2020)

We propose a control method to optimally use fuel and battery resources for power-split plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) under the case of pre determined driving route and associated energy demand profile. We integrate a battery thermal and degradation model and formulate a mixed-integer convex problem which can be approximately solved with standard efficient solvers. In simulation, we demonstrate that our controller can manage battery operation and state to avoid severe battery degradation, and balance fuel usage with battery degradation depending on ambient temperature or energy demand profiles of the routes. Under various scenarios, the results are validated by the Autonomie software [1] and compared with conventional existing CDCS controller and the earlier related work [2], which only optimized to achieve minimal fuel use and neglects the battery degradation. Lastly, we show our controller is efficient enough to be computed on the on-board vehicle computer and applied in real-time.
Plasma procalcitonin and the risk of cardiovascular events and death: a prospective population‐based study (2012)

This is the largest population-based prospective study to demonstrate a positive association between plasma PCT levels and cardiovascular risk in subjects with no previous history of acute cardiovascular events. However, the high degree of covariation between PCT and other cardiovascular risk factors limits the value of PCT as an independent cardiovascular risk predictor.
DARC: Mapping Surface Topography by Ray-Casting for Effective Virtual Screening at Protein Interaction Sites (2015)

Protein-protein interactions represent an exciting and challenging target class for therapeutic intervention using small molecules. Protein interaction sites are often devoid of the deep surface pockets presented by "traditional" drug targets, and crystal structures reveal that inhibitors typically engage these sites using very shallow binding modes. As a consequence, modern virtual screening tools developed to identify inhibitors of traditional drug targets do not perform as well when they are instead deployed at protein interaction sites. To address the need for novel inhibitors of important protein interactions, here we introduce an alternate docking strategy specifically designed for this regime. Our method, termed DARC (Docking Approach using Ray-Casting), matches the topography of a surface pocket "observed" from within the protein to the topography "observed" when viewing a potential ligand from the same vantage point. We applied DARC to carry out a virtual screen against the protein interaction site of human antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1 and found that four of the top-scoring 21 compounds showed clear inhibition in a biochemical assay. The Ki values for these compounds ranged from 1.2 to 21 μM, and each had ligand efficiency comparable to promising small-molecule inhibitors of other protein-protein interactions. These hit compounds do not resemble the natural (protein) binding partner of Mcl-1, nor do they resemble any known inhibitors of Mcl-1. Our results thus demonstrate the utility of DARC for identifying novel inhibitors of protein-protein interactions.
Expansion of Murine Periosteal Progenitor Cells with Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Reveals an Intrinsic Endochondral Ossification Program Mediated by Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 (2014)

The preservation of the bone-forming potential of skeletal progenitor cells during their ex vivo expansion remains one of the major challenges for cell-based bone regeneration strategies. We report that expansion of murine periosteal cells in the presence of FGF2, a signal present during the early stages of fracture healing, is necessary and sufficient to maintain their ability to organize in vivo into a cartilage template which gives rise to mature bone. Implantation of FGF2-primed cells in a large bone defect in mice resulted in complete healing, demonstrating the feasibility of using this approach for bone tissue engineering purposes. Mechanistically, the enhanced endochondral ossification potential of FGF2-expanded periosteal cells is predominantly driven by an increased production of BMP2 and is additionally linked to an improved preservation of skeletal progenitor cells in the cultures. This characteristic is unique for periosteal cells, as FGF2-primed bone marrow stromal cells formed significantly less bone and progressed exclusively through the intramembranous pathway, revealing essential differences between both cell pools. Taken together, our findings provide insight in the molecular regulation of fracture repair by identifying a unique interaction between periosteal cells and FGF2. These insights may promote the development of cell-based therapeutic strategies for bone regeneration which are independent of the in vivo use of growth factors, thus limiting undesired side effects.
Diesel, Hybrid or Fully Electric Ferry: A Method For Operating Cost Analysis And Battery Size Optimisation (2019)

Public consciousness of global warming issues is driving the demand for short-haul ferries with fully electric, or hybrid propulsion systems. For hybrid systems design approaches to identify optimal energy storage and energy source configurations from a wide array of possibilities do not exist. Therefore, a strategy is proposed that allows optimal energy storage size to be determined, based on key voyage cycle parameters, before minimizing operating cost functions, based on a given energy source configuration. Cost function minimization is founded on a novel rule-based power management approach for hybrid electric ferries. The proposed strategy is verified through application to an actual voyage cycle. Three different power system configurations are compared; a hybrid system with two diesel gen-sets and an onboard-charged battery bank, a hybrid system with one diesel gen-set and a shore-charged battery bank, and a fully electric system. Using the proposed strategy quantified results for each configuration are determined, illustrating its utility.
Characterization of Age and Polarity at Onset in Bipolar Disorder (2021)

Abstract Background Studying the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of age and polarity at onset (AAO, PAO) in bipolar disorder (BD) can provide new insights into disease pathology and facilitate the development of screening tools. Aims To examine the genetic architecture of AAO and PAO and their association with BD disease characteristics. Methods Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) and polygenic score (PGS) analyses of AAO (N=12977) and PAO (N=6773) were conducted in BD patients of 34 cohorts and a replication sample (N=2237). The association of onset with disease characteristics was investigated in two of these cohorts. Results Earlier AAO was associated with an increased risk of psychotic symptoms, suicidality, and fewer episodes. A depressive onset correlated with lifetime suicidality and a manic onset with delusions and manic episodes. Systematic differences in AAO between cohorts and continents of origin were observed. This was also reflected in SNV-based heritability estimates, with higher heritabilities for stricter onset definitions. Increased polygenic scores for autism spectrum disorder (β=-0.34 years, SE=0.08), major depression (β=-0.34 years, SE=0.08), schizophrenia (β=-0.39 years, SE=0.08), and educational attainment (β=-0.31 years, SE=0.08) were associated with an earlier AAO. The AAO GWAS identified one significant locus, but this finding did not replicate. Neither GWAS nor PGS analyses yielded significant associations with PAO. Conclusions AAO and PAO are associated with indicators of BD severity. Individuals with an earlier onset show an increased polygenic liability for a broad spectrum of psychiatric traits. Systematic differences in AAO across cohorts, continents, and phenotype definitions introduce significant heterogeneity, affecting analyses. RELEVANCE STATEMENT In the largest study to systematically characterize age at onset (N=12977) and polarity at onset (N=6773) in bipolar disorder, we describe an association between illness onset characteristics and indicators of severity, confirming their clinical relevance. Our study shows that that early illness onset is associated with genetic liability for a broad range of psychiatric disorders. However, we also highlight systematic differences in age at onset across cohorts, continents, and phenotype definitions. This heterogeneity results in reduced heritability and affects genetic analyses, underscoring the need for the development of standardized phenotype definitions.
Synchronization in 5G: a Bayesian Approach (2020)

In this work, we propose a hybrid approach to synchronize large scale networks. In particular, we draw on Kalman Filtering (KF) along with time-stamps generated by the Precision Time Protocol (PTP) for pairwise node synchronization. Furthermore, we investigate the merit of Factor Graphs (FGs) along with Belief Propagation (BP) algorithm in achieving high precision end-to-end network synchronization. Finally, we present the idea of dividing the large-scale network into local synchronization domains, for each of which a suitable sync algorithm is utilized. The simulation results indicate that, despite the simplifications in the hybrid approach, the error in the offset estimation remains below 5 ns.
Expert elicitation on the uncertainties associated with chronic wasting disease (2016)

A high degree of uncertainty exists for chronic wasting disease (CWD) transmission factors in farmed and wild cervids. Evaluating the factors is important as it helps to inform future risk management strategies. Expert opinion is often used to assist decision making in a number of health, science, and technology domains where data may be sparse or missing. Using the "Classical Model" of elicitation, a group of experts was asked to estimate the most likely values for several risk factors affecting CWD transmission. The formalized expert elicitation helped structure the issues and hence provide a rational basis for estimating some transmission risk factors for which evidence is lacking. Considered judgments regarding environmental transmission, latency of CWD transmission, management, and species barrier were provided by the experts. Uncertainties for many items were determined to be large, highlighting areas requiring more research. The elicited values may be used as surrogate values until research evidence becomes available.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternate Preparation of Thioester Resin Linkers for Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Peptide C‐Terminal Thioacids. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magneto-optical spectra of Fe/Au artificial superlattices modulated by integer and noninteger atomic layers (1999)

Spectra of the magneto-optical Kerr effect, in a series of [Fe (xML)/Au (xML)]N superlattices with integer and noninteger values of x (1⩽x⩽15), were measured. For x=1 the superlattic forms an L10-type ordered alloy structure. The magneto-optical spectrum of the superlattice exhibits a prominent structure around 4 eV, which shows a systematic shift toward higher energies as x increases (1⩽x⩽5). No such structure can be reproduced by an optical calculation assuming a simple stack of thin Fe and Au layers. Ab initio band calculations have shown similar magneto-optical spectra and a similar peak shift with an increase in x (1⩽x⩽6). This suggests that electronic structures which differ from that of a simple stack of thin Fe and Au are realized in the superlattices. For noninteger values of x, oscillatory behavior with a period of one monolayer was observed in the low energy region of the magneto-optical spectra.
Cost-effectiveness analysis on screening for colorectal neoplasm and management of colorectal cancer in Asia (2008)

FOBT is cost-effective compared to FS or colonoscopy for CRC screening in average-risk individuals aged from 50 to 80 years.
Integration of large-scale metabolic, signaling, and gene regulatory networks with application to infection responses (2011)

Mathematical models of biochemical networks, such as metabolic, signaling, and gene networks, have been studied extensively and have been shown to provide accurate descriptions of various cell processes. Nevertheless, their usage is restricted by the fact that they are usually studied in isolation, without feedback from the environment in which they evolve. Integrating these models in a global framework is a promising direction in order to increase both their accuracy and predictive capacity. In this paper, we describe the integration of large-scale metabolic and signaling networks with a regulatory gene network. We focus on the response to infection in mouse macrophage cells. Our computational framework allows to virtually simulate any type of infection and to follow its effect on the cell. The model comprises 3,507 chemical species involved in 4,630 reactions evolving at the fast time scale of metabolic and signaling processes. These interact with 20 genes evolving at the slow time scale of gene expression and regulation. We develop a simulator for this model and use it to study infections with Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Detecting Change-Points in Time Series by Maximum Mean Discrepancy of\n Ordinal Pattern Distributions (2012)

As a new method for detecting change-points in high-resolution time series,\nwe apply Maximum Mean Discrepancy to the distributions of ordinal patterns in\ndifferent parts of a time series. The main advantage of this approach is its\ncomputational simplicity and robustness with respect to (non-linear) monotonic\ntransformations, which makes it particularly well-suited for the analysis of\nlong biophysical time series where the exact calibration of measurement devices\nis unknown or varies with time. We establish consistency of the method and\nevaluate its performance in simulation studies. Furthermore, we demonstrate the\napplication to the analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) and\nelectrocardiography (ECG) recordings.\n
Effects of CHE and CHISEL programming operation on the characteristics of SONOS memory (2004)

This paper presents the characteristics of programmed SONOS memory. The CHE and CHISEL programming mechanisms are analyzed and the effects of programming bias to the program speed and saturated VT under different program methods are studied. It shows that compared with CHE operation, CHISEL program has a lower voltage bias for the same program speed, and better threshold self-convergent character. The distribution of trapped charges in the silicon nitride layer after CHE or CHISEL program is also investigated. The research shows that the different charge distributions have different impacts to the I/sub d/-V/sub g/ and erase characteristics.
A new class of nitrosoureas. 4. Synthesis and antitumor activity of disaccharide derivatives of 3,3-disubstituted 1-(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosoureas (1982)

A series of 33 N-(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosocarbamoyl derivatives of N-substituted glycosylamines has been prepared and tested for antitumor activities. The compounds were obtained by reaction of glycosylamines with isocyanate, followed by nitrosation with N2O4. Structure-activity relationships of these trisubstituted nitrosoureas were investigated by varying the N-substituents and disaccharide groups and by comparing them with the corresponding disubstituted analogues. A large number of the nitrosoureas bearing a maltosyl group exhibited strong antitumor activities against leukemia L1210 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and 60-day survivors against leukemia L1210 were found at the optimal dose for these derivatives. In contrast, the lactosyl and the melibiosyl derivatives were almost inactive. The most interesting compound in this series, the 3-isobutyl-3-maltosyl derivative (37), was tested against leukemia L1210 by single and multiple treatment. Its therapeutic ratio (96.3) obtained by multiple treatment is 3 times larger than that (31.5) obtained by single treatment, suggesting a possible clinical utility of 37 by multiple treatment. The favorable effect of a maltosyl moiety in this class of compounds is discussed.
Respiratory motion in coronary magnetic resonance angiography: A comparison of different motion models (2002)

The results of this study indicate that a patient-adapted 3D correction model (3D translation or better 3D affine) will considerably improve prospective motion correction in CMRA.
Comprehensive Genome-Wide Proteomic Analysis of Human Placental Tissue for the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (2013)

As a starting point of the Chromosome-Centric Human Proteome Project (C-HPP), we established strategies of genome-wide proteomic analysis, including protein identification, quantitation of disease-specific proteins, and assessment of post-translational modifications, using paired human placental tissues from healthy and preeclampsia patients. This analysis resulted in identification of 4239 unique proteins with high confidence (two or more unique peptides with a false discovery rate less than 1%), covering 21% of approximately 20 059 (Ensembl v69, Oct 2012) human proteins, among which 28 proteins exhibited differentially expressed preeclampsia-specific proteins. When these proteins are assigned to all human chromosomes, the pattern of the newly identified placental protein population is proportional to that of the gene count distribution of each chromosome. We also identified 219 unique N-linked glycopeptides, 592 unique phosphopeptides, and 66 chromosome 13-specific proteins. In particular, protein evidence of 14 genes previously known to be specifically up-regulated in human placenta was verified by mass spectrometry. With respect to the functional implication of these proteins, 38 proteins were found to be involved in regulatory factor biosynthesis or the immune system in the placenta, but the molecular mechanism of these proteins during pregnancy warrants further investigation. As far as we know, this work produced the highest number of proteins identified in the placenta and will be useful for annotating and mapping all proteins encoded in the human genome.