gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforcement Learning with Algorithms from Probabilistic Structure Estimation (2021)

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms aim to learn optimal decisions in unknown environments through experience of taking actions and observing the rewards gained. In some cases, the environment is not influenced by the actions of the RL agent, in which case the problem can be modeled as a contextual multi-armed bandit and lightweight myopic algorithms can be employed. On the other hand, when the RL agent's actions affect the environment, the problem must be modeled as a Markov decision process and more complex RL algorithms are required which take the future effects of actions into account. Moreover, in practice, it is often unknown from the outset whether or not the agent's actions will impact the environment and it is therefore not possible to determine which RL algorithm is most fitting. In this work, we propose to avoid this difficult decision entirely and incorporate a choice mechanism into our RL framework. Rather than assuming a specific problem structure, we use a probabilistic structure estimation procedure based on a likelihood-ratio (LR) test to make a more informed selection of learning algorithm. We derive a sufficient condition under which myopic policies are optimal, present an LR test for this condition, and derive a bound on the regret of our framework. We provide examples of real-world scenarios where our framework is needed and provide extensive simulations to validate our approach.
A generic mediator for multi-agent coordination in a distributed manufacturing system (2002)

A generic agent mediator has been developed to coordinate heterogeneous intelligent agents in a distributed manufacturing system. Coordination takes place both between dynamically created virtual clusters of agents and within these so-called coordination clusters. Task plans are decomposed successively into subtasks which are allocated down through the agent clusters and coordinated through these. The mediator's structure and activities are illustrated through application to an intelligent manufacturing scheduling problem. The system components, including all machines and parts, are implemented as intelligent agents. This approach is being further developed to manage a concurrent engineering environment in an intelligent manufacturing system.
Assessment of Cholinergic Properties of <b><i>Ashwagandha</i></b> Leaf-Extract in the Amnesic Mouse Brain (2016)

Thus, our study provided biochemical and molecular evidence of cholinergic properties of Ashwagandha leaf extract during brain disorders associated with cholinergic dysfunction.
Mitochondrial EFTs defects in juvenile-onset Leigh disease, ataxia, neuropathy, and optic atrophy (2014)

We show that in addition to early-onset cardiomyopathy, TSFM mutations should be considered in childhood and juvenile encephalopathies with optic and/or peripheral neuropathy, ataxia, or Leigh disease.
Viscosity Discrimination: A Comparison of an Adaptive Two-Alternative Forced-Choice and an Adjustment Procedure (1997)

Differential thresholds for viscosity were measured in ten subjects with the use of an adaptive two-alternative forced-choice procedure. An electromagnetic linear motor was connected to each wrist and the viscosity of the motors was under computer servo control. For each block of 50 trials the viscosity of one motor was fixed at a reference value which ranged from 4 to 512 N s m-1, and the viscosity of the other motor varied according to the subject's responses. On each trial subjects were required to indicate which motor had the greater viscosity and were given feedback of the correct response. By this procedure the Weber fraction for viscosity was calculated to be 19%, which is lower than the Weber fraction of 34% estimated by using the method of adjustment. The criterion used for determining the threshold differs in the two procedures (71% and 84% correct, respectively), and the results from the two studies were found to be consistent. They suggest that the Weber fraction for viscosity remains remarkably stable despite differences in the methods of measurement.
High-brightness, high-power 9xx-nm diode laser bars: developments at JENOPTIK diode lab (2007)

We report present advantages of high power 9xxnm diode laser bars for pumping of disc laser and especially for pumping fibre lasers and amplifiers. The strong demand for reduce system costs needs to have a good compromise in improved diode laser power, conversion efficiency, reliability and beam quality leading to simplified system designs. Basis of the new generation for the 9xxnm laser diode bars at JENOPTIK Diode Lab is a low loss wave guide AlGaAs - structure with low vertical far field angle of 27° (FWHM). Recently we demonstrate an output power in excess of 500W in CW operation from a diode laser bar with 50% filling factor and 3.0mm cavity length. This record was possible due to high power conversion efficiency of >68 %, optimised facet coating technology and an excellent active cooling. New results on conductive cooled high brightness laser bars of 20% filling factor with special emphasis to the needs of high efficiency fibre coupling will be presented. Lifetime tests under long pulse conditions have demonstrated a very high reliability for 120 W laser bars with 50 % filling factor and for 60 W laser bars with 20 % and 30 % filling factor.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and X‐Ray Crystal Structure of the Zirconocene Complex of a Cyclopentyne and Its Use to Prepare Bicyclic Cyclopentenones. (1990)

Abstract The cyclopentyne complex (III) and its ligand‐free version, which can be generated and used in situ, react with olefins to give only one isomer as is demonstrated for the examples (V) and (VI).
Sensitivity of rapid antigen tests for Omicron subvariants of SARS‐CoV‐2 (2023)

Diagnosis by rapid antigen tests (RATs) is useful for early initiation of antiviral treatment. Because RATs are easy to use, they can be adapted for self-testing. Several kinds of RATs approved for such use by the Japanese regulatory authority are available from drug stores and websites. Most RATs for COVID-19 are based on antibody detection of the SARS-CoV-2 N protein. Since Omicron and its subvariants have accumulated several amino acid substitutions in the N protein, such amino acid changes might affect the sensitivity of RATs. Here, we investigated the sensitivity of seven RATs available in Japan, six of which are approved for public use and one of which is approved for clinical use, for the detection of BA.5, BA.2.75, BF.7, XBB.1, and BQ.1.1, as well as the delta variant (B.1.627.2). All tested RATs detected the delta variant with a detection level between 7500 and 75 000 pfu per test, and all tested RATs showed similar sensitivity to the Omicron variant and its subvariants (BA.5, BA.2.75, BF.7, XBB.1, and BQ.1.1). Human saliva did not reduce the sensitivity of the RATs tested. Espline SARS-CoV-2 N showed the highest sensitivity followed by Inspecter KOWA SARS-CoV-2 and V Trust SARS-CoV-2 Ag. Since the RATs failed to detect low levels of infectious virus, individuals whose specimens contained less infectious virus than the detection limit would be considered negative. Therefore, it is important to note that RATs may miss individuals shedding low levels of infectious virus.
An A2Aadenosine receptor agonist, ATL313, reduces inflammation and improves survival in murine sepsis models (2008)

The pathophysiology of sepsis is due in part to early systemic inflammation. Here we describe molecular and cellular responses, as well as survival, in A2A adenosine receptor (AR) agonist treated and untreated animals during experimental sepsis. Sepsis was induced in mice by intraperitoneal inoculation of live bacteria (Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Mice inoculated with live bacteria were treated with an A2A AR agonist (ATL313) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), with or without the addition of a dose of ceftriaxone. LPS inoculated mice were treated with ATL313 or PBS. Serum cytokines and chemokines were measured sequentially at 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hours after LPS was administered. In survival studies, mice were followed until death or for 7 days. There was a significant survival benefit in mice infected with live E. coli (100% vs. 20%, p = 0.013) or S. aureus (60% vs. 20%, p = 0.02) when treated with ATL313 in conjunction with an antibiotic versus antibiotic alone. ATL313 also improved survival from endotoxic shock when compared to PBS treatment (90% vs. 40%, p = 0.005). The serum concentrations of TNF-α, MIP-1α, MCP-1, IFN-γ, and IL-17 were decreased by ATL313 after LPS injection (p < 0.05). Additionally, ATL313 increased the concentration of IL-10 under the same conditions (p < 0.05). Circulating white blood cell concentrations were higher in ATL313 treated animals (p < 0.01). Further studies are warranted to determine the clinical utility of ATL313 as a novel treatment for sepsis.
Non-binary Spin Wave Based Circuit Design (2022)

&lt;p&gt;By their very nature, Spin Waves (SWs) excited at the same frequency but different amplitudes, propagate through waveguides and interfere with each other at the expense of ultra-low energy consumption. In addition, all (part) of the SW energy can be moved from one waveguide to another by means of coupling effects. In this paper we make use of these SW features and introduce a novel non Boolean algebra based paradigm, which enables domain conversion free ultra-low energy consumption SW based computing. Subsequently, we leverage this computing paradigm by designing a non-binary spin wave adder, which we validate by means of micro-magnetic simulation. To get more inside on the proposed adder potential we assume a 2-bit adder implementation as discussion vehicle, evaluate its area, delay, and energy consumption, and compare it with conventional SW and 7nm CMOS counterparts. The results indicate that our proposal diminishes the energy consumption by a factor of 3.14x and 6x, when compared with the conventional SW and 7nm CMOS functionally equivalent designs, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed non-binary adder implementation requires the least number of devices, which indicates its potential for small chip real-estate realizations.&lt;/p&gt;
Synchronization and Phase Lock of Two Mode-Locked Femtosecond Lasers (2001)

Two independent mode-locked femtosecond lasers are synchronized to an unprecedented precision. The rms timing jitter between the lasers is 4.3 fs observed within a 160 Hz bandwidth over tens of seconds, or 26 fs within a 50 kHz bandwidth. Novel multi-stage phase locked loops help to preserve this ultrahigh timing resolution throughout the entire delay range between pulses (10 ns). We also demonstrate that the same level of synchronization can be achieved with two lasers at different repetition frequencies. Under such synchronization, phase lock between the carrier frequencies of the two fs lasers has been achieved.
Yersiniae and iron. A study in host-parasite relationships. (1987)

Most enterobacteria obtain the iron they require for growth by producing low-molecular-weight high-affinity iron ligands known as siderophores. These substances chelate and solubilize iron making it available to bacteria. The pathogenic Yersiniae produce no detectable siderophores; thus, they proliferate poorly or not at all under conditions of iron limitation. Most systemic infections with Yersinia enterocolitica occur in patients who are overloaded with iron. This may be due to the presence of excess iron in the tissues of such patients, but the adverse effects of excess iron on immune responsiveness may also be partly responsible. Many patients with iron overload receive treatment with desferrioxamine B, a bacterial siderophore which promotes growth of Y. enterocolitica in vitro and in vivo. Thus, desferrioxamine B may add to the risk of systemic yersiniosis developing in patients with siderosis. Some strains of Yersinia frederiksenii, Yersinia intermedia and Yersinia kristensenii produce the hydroxamate siderophore aerobactin, but, paradoxically, they appear to be unable to proliferate in tissues.
Real‐time hybrid simulation of semi‐active control using shaking table: Proposal and verification of a testing method for mid‐story isolated buildings (2018)

Abstract This study proposes a real‐time hybrid simulation method for semi‐active control using a shaking table. The method can be used for simulating a mid‐story isolated building. This simulation system uses a test specimen for the upper structure, a semi‐active damper that is installed in the base isolation layer on the shaking table, and a lumped mass system for a lower structure for the computer simulation. A rotary inertia mass damper that contains magnetorheological fluid is used in the semi‐active control. The semi‐active control cannot avoid a control time lag. This time lag is estimated by assuming a first‐order lag system. The experimental and analytical results considering a control time lag are compared in this study. The validity of the real‐time hybrid simulation is verified.
ΤΟΞΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΤΟΥ ΟΞΥΓΟΝΟΥ - ΔΡΑΣΤΙΚΕΣ ΜΟΡΦΕΣ ΟΞΥΓΟΝΟΥ (2015)

Eλeύθeρeς ρίζeς:Βιοχημeία και Παθολογική Βιοχημeία [ΠΑΝEΠΙΣΤΗΜΙΟ ΙΩΑΝΝΙΝΩΝ, ΣΧΟΛΗ EΠΙΣΤΗΜΩΝ ΥΓEΙΑΣ, ΤΜΗΜΑ ΙΑΤΡΙΚΗΣ]
The Impact of Molecular Dynamics Sampling on the Performance of Virtual Screening against GPCRs (2013)

The formation of ligand-protein complexes requires simultaneous adaptation of the binding partners. In structure based virtual screening, high throughput docking approaches typically consider the ligand flexibility, but the conformational freedom of the protein is usually taken into account in a limited way. The goal of this study is to elaborate a methodology for incorporating protein flexibility to improve the virtual screening enrichments on GPCRs. Explicit-solvated molecular dynamics simulations (MD) were carried out in lipid bilayers to generate an ensemble of protein conformations for the X-ray structures and homology models of both aminergic and peptidergic GPCRs including the chemokine CXCR4, dopamine D3, histamine H4, and serotonin 5HT6 holo receptor complexes. The quality of the receptor models was assessed by enrichment studies to compare X-ray structures, homology models, and snapshots from the MD trajectory. According to our results, selected frames from the MD trajectory can outperform X-ray structures and homology models in terms of enrichment factor and AUC values. Significant changes were observed considering EF1% values: comparing the original CXCR4, D3, and H4 targets and the additional 5HT6 initial models to that of the best MD frame resulted in 0 to 6.7, 0.32 to 3.5 (10×), 13.3 to 26.7 (2×), and 0 to 14.1 improvements, respectively. It is worth noting that rank-average based ensemble evaluation calculated for different ensemble sizes could not improve the results further. We propose here that MD simulation can capture protein conformations representing the key interacting points of the receptor but less biased toward one specific chemotype. These conformations are useful for the identification of a "consensus" binding site with improved performance in virtual screening.
Qualification of a Layered Security Print Deterrent (2007)

Variable data printing (VDP), combined with precision registration of multiple ink layers, empowers a layered deterrent using variable print strategies on each of the multiple layers. This shifts the need for specialized printing techniques to the need to accommodate variable ink approaches. Such layered deterrents can incorporate infrared/ultraviolet fluorescent inks, infrared opaque and transparent black inks, inks containing taggants, magnetic ink, and inks with differential adhesive properties to enable sandwich printing. Overt features printed as part of the same layered deterrent provide excellent payload density in a small printed area. In this paper, the statistical and hardware processes involved in qualifying two layers of such a deterrent for their deployment in product (e.g., document and package) security are presented. The first is a multicolored tiling feature that provides overt security protection. Its color payload is authenticated automatically with a variety of handheld, desktop, and production scanners. The second security feature is covert and involves the underprinting or overprinting of infrared information with the covert tiles. Additional layers using existing security deterrents are also described, affording the user information densities as high as 560 bits/cm2 (70 bytes/cm2).
Plasmon-Assisted Optoelectrofluidics (2015)

By harnessing the photo-induced heating of a single plasmonic nanostructure and AC E-field in our research at the interface between plasmonics and optofluidics we demonstrate on-demand fluid flow control with unparalleled micron per second-scale velocities. © 2015 OSA.
Impact of pre-graft serology on risk of BKPyV infection post-renal transplantation (2021)

Determination of both donor and recipient BKPyV seropositivity before transplantation and antibody titre measurements may serve as a predictive tool to manage clinical BKPyV infection by identification of patients at high risk.
van der Waals interactions to control amide cis–trans isomerism (2022)

We discover the presence of local van der Waals (vdW) interactions at the cis amide bond in crystals of isobutyroyl–Pro–Val–OMe.
A RESEARCH ON THE RIVER BED RESISTANCE OF CHIYODA EXPERIMENTAL FLUME (2013)

Authors did a movable bed and steady flow experiment at the Chiyoda Experimental Flume, a large scale flume located in the Chiyoda New Waterway of Tokachi River, and observed bed wave figure on the local bed materials. In this study, the steepness of the sand waves observed was first estimated using the Yalin-Karahan method, and found that the observed was only slightly less than the estimated value. Next, the normalized bed shear stress and normalized grain shear stress calculated from the observed values were compared, and were found to have similar tendencies as seen in the results of Kishi and Kuroki based on the hydraulic radius separation method. The bed shear stress was also estimated by calculating grain stress and form drag directly from sand wave forms with reference to the method of Kikkawa and Ishikawa etc., and the estimated values were found to be slightly smaller than the observed values.
Blue Perovskite Nanocrystal Light‐Emitting Devices via the Ligand Exchange with Adamantane Diamine (2020)

Abstract Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have been established as promising materials for light‐emitting devices (LEDs) due to their interesting optoelectrical properties, including high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and high color purity with narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM). However, blue perovskite LEDs, with an emission wavelength below 470 nm, require further investigation to improve their performance. Here, it is demonstrated that mixed‐halide CsPb(Cl/Br) 3 NCs prepared by ligand exchange with the rigid bidentate structure of adamantane‐1,3‐diamine (ADDA) can be used for blue LEDs. The ligand exchange of CsPb(Cl/Br) 3 NCs with ADDA improves PLQY without changing the peak wavelength and FWHM. The LEDs based on ligand exchange NCs with ADDA show an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 0.49%. Moreover, a quaternary ammonium salt, oleylammonium chloride (OAM‐Cl), is also investigated as an interfacial layer to reduce current density. The LED fabricated with OAM‐Cl reaches an EQE of 1.1% and luminance of 43.2 cd m −2 at the electroluminescence wavelength of 456 nm, representing significantly higher performance compared to that of LEDs without OAM‐Cl layers. Therefore, the ligand exchange of NCs with ADDA and the use of a passivation layer comprising OAM‐Cl facilitate an improvement in the LED performance.
Hybrid materials. Functional properties. From Maya Blue to 21st century materials (2004)

The field of hybrid organic-inorganic materials has reached a stage of ripeness that is beginning to make possible extraordinary new developments. On the one hand the field has witnessed a trend towards the design of functionality in hybrids materials, while broadening spectacularly the variety of hybrid combinations explored. On the other hand, improved understanding and control of the chemistry, processing and microstructure of these versatile nanocomposite systems announce a new landscape of opportunities in dealing with increasingly complex chemistries and materials.
A Z/sub 8/-linear lift of the binary Golay code and a nonlinear binary (96,2/sup 37/,24)-code (2001)

We use a generalized Gray isometry in order to construct a previously unknown nonlinear (96,2/sup 36/,24) code as the image of a Z/sub 8/-linear Hensel lift of the binary Golay code. The union of this code with a relevant coset yields a (96,2/sup 37/,24) code. We show that this code and some of its shortenings are better than the best (non)linear binary codes known so far. For instance, the best earlier known code of length 96 and minimum distance 24 had 2/sup 88/ words.
Integrated quantitative fractal polarimetric analysis of monolayer lung cancer cells (2014)

Digital diagnostic pathology has become one of the most valuable and convenient advancements in technology over the past years. It allows us to acquire, store and analyze pathological information from the images of histological and immunohistochemical glass slides which are scanned to create digital slides. In this study, efficient fractal, wavelet-based polarimetric techniques for histological analysis of monolayer lung cancer cells will be introduced and different monolayer cancer lines will be studied. The outcome of this study indicates that application of fractal, wavelet polarimetric principles towards the analysis of squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cancer cell lines may be proved extremely useful in discriminating among healthy and lung cancer cells as well as differentiating among different lung cancer cells.
Total Body Irradiation without Chemotherapy as Conditioning for an Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2016)

Current therapies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), failing induction, are rarely effective. We report our experience in 4 patients with AML who received 16 Gy TBI prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), between June 2010 and May 2011. Patients were 20 to 55 years of age, 2 with relapsed disease and 2 with AML failing induction. An HLA-matched graft from related or unrelated donor was infused on day 0. All but one, who received a CD34<sup>+</sup>-selected graft, received methotrexate and tacrolimus +/- antithymocyte globulin, as GVHD prophylaxis. The other patient received tacrolimus alone. Neutrophil and platelet engraftment occurred at a median of 18 and 14 days, respectively. Patients were discharged at a median of 28 days. There were no unexpected toxicities in the first 30 days. One patient had cytomegalovirus (CMV) viremia and anorexia, at two months. One patient had grade 2 acute GVHD of the skin. One patient developed chronic GVHD of the eyes, mouth, skin, joints, and lung at 4 months. Two patients died from relapse of their leukemia at days 65 and 125. Two patients remain in remission beyond day 1500. 16 Gy TBI followed by an alloHCT for AML, failing induction, is feasible and tolerable.