gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cathelicidin‐related antimicrobial peptide promotes neuroinflammation through astrocyte–microglia communication in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2022)

Cathelicidin-related antimicrobial peptide (CRAMP) is an effector molecule of the innate immune system with direct antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities; however, its role in neuroinflammatory responses and related diseases is not clearly understood. In particular, the expression of CRAMP and its functional role has not been previously studied in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) or multiple sclerosis (MS). Here, we investigated the role of CRAMP in neuroinflammation, using an EAE mouse model of MS and postmortem patient tissues. We found that the CRAMP expression was increased in the spinal cords of EAE-induced mice. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that CRAMP is mainly induced in reactive astrocytes in the inflamed spinal cord of EAE mice. A similar pattern of the LL-37 (human CRAMP) expression was observed in the brain and spinal cord tissues of patients with MS. An intrathecal injection of the CRAMP peptide in EAE mice accelerated the onset of symptoms and increased disease severity with augmented expression of inflammatory mediators, glial activation, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and demyelination. In addition, shRNA-mediated knockdown of Cramp in the spinal cord resulted in a milder disease course with less inflammation in EAE mice. We identified FPR2 on microglia as a CRAMP receptor and demonstrated that CRAMP potentiates IFN-γ-induced microglial activation via the STAT3 pathway. Taken together, our findings suggest that CRAMP is a novel mediator of astrocyte-microglia interactions in neuroinflammatory conditions such as EAE. Thus, CRAMP could be exploited as a biomarker or therapeutic target for the diagnosis or treatment of MS.
A patient with DiGeorge syndrome at age of 30 years old. (1991)

DiGeorge症候群は,副甲状腺,胸腺の無～低形成および心血管系異常を主徴とし,多くは新生児期から幼児期に死亡する.われわれはDiGeorge症候群の長期生存の1例を経験した.症例は30歳男性で, 3歳より痙攣発作を繰り返した. 22歳時,低カルシウム(Ca)血症,高無機リン(Pi)血症,血中副甲状腺ホルモン(PTH)低値およびEllsworth-Howard試験により尿中Pi,サイクリックAMP (cAMP)両者の増加反応が陽性であることより特発性副甲状腺機能低下症と診断され, 1 α-hydroxyvitamin D3による治療を受けていた.本例は同時に右側大動脈弓を認め,また眼間離開,小顎,小耳症などの特徴的顔貌を示した.免疫学的には血中リンパ球数, T細胞数およびそのサブセット数は正常範囲内にあった.染色体検査は正常であった.本症例は,心血管系,免疫系の異常が軽度であったため,長期生存が可能となった不完全型DiGeorge症候群の1例と考えられた.
Enhancement of cavitation inception by second-harmonic superimposition (2012)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment with cavitation bubbles has attracted much attention because they enhance the therapeutic efficacy of HIFU. Negative acoustic pressure is known to primarily determine the cavitation threshold. However, it is hard to generate highly negative acoustic pressure over the cavitation threshold by ultrasonic focusing because of the nonlinear propagation. The sequence, starting with the second-harmonic superimposed pulse waves enhancing the peak negative pressure, and followed by those enhancing the peak positive pressure, demonstrated the highest efficiency in cavitation inception. A high speed camera showed that the negative-pressure enhanced pulse waves produced a small cloud of cavitated microbubbles at the first stage and that the positive-pressure enhanced pulse waves expanded the microbubble cloud at the second stage.
Body size estimation of self and others in females varying in BMI (2018)

Previous literature suggests that a disturbed ability to accurately identify own body size may contribute to overweight. Here, we investigated the influence of personal body size, indexed by body mass index (BMI), on body size estimation in a non-clinical population of females varying in BMI. We attempted to disentangle general biases in body size estimates and attitudinal influences by manipulating whether participants believed the body stimuli (personalized avatars with realistic weight variations) represented their own body or that of another person. Our results show that the accuracy of own body size estimation is predicted by personal BMI, such that participants with lower BMI underestimated their body size and participants with higher BMI overestimated their body size. Further, participants with higher BMI were less likely to notice the same percentage of weight gain than participants with lower BMI. Importantly, these results were only apparent when participants were judging a virtual body that was their own identity (Experiment 1), but not when they estimated the size of a body with another identity and the same underlying body shape (Experiment 2a). The different influences of BMI on accuracy of body size estimation and sensitivity to weight change for self and other identity suggests that effects of BMI on visual body size estimation are self-specific and not generalizable to other bodies.
Light scattering diagnostics for metal fatigue detection and life estimation (2005)

Metal components subjected to cyclic stress develop surface-evident defects (microcracks, slip bands, etc). Monitoring the formation and evolution of these fatigue damage precursors (FDPs) with increasing numbers of cycles can be an effective tool for determining the fatigue state of the component, which can be used in remaining fatigue life prognostics. In this paper a laser scanning technique for FDP detection is described and experimental results from examination of specimens of several metal types are presented. This technique is based on scanning a focused laser beam over the specimen surface and detecting variations in the characteristics of the scattered light signal. These variations can indicate the presence of surface abnormalities and therefore can be associated with fatigue damage formation. Particular patterns of spatial, angular, and optical characteristics can be used to identify and discriminate many types of FDP, which can provide a means to enhance the accuracy of surface defect frequency estimates and to eliminate the false counts that typically occur on surfaces in uncontrolled environments. Experiments during fatigue testing in the laboratory have shown that the technique can produce a defect frequency estimate that relates well to remaining fatigue life, but previous experiments showed large "plateau" regions, in which the slow defect frequency change made life estimation difficult. New data collection and analysis techniques have therefore been developed, and new experiments have been performed to test the ability of this modified approach to improve the utility of defect frequency measurements over the whole of fatigue life.
Identification of the critical depth-of-cut through a 2D image of the cutting region resulting from taper cutting of brittle materials (2018)

An automatic identification method for obtaining the critical depth-of-cut (DoC) of brittle materials with nanometric accuracy and sub-nanometric uncertainty is proposed in this paper. With this method, a two-dimensional (2D) microscopic image of the taper cutting region is captured and further processed by image analysis to extract the margin of generated micro-cracks in the imaging plane. Meanwhile, an analytical model is formulated to describe the theoretical curve of the projected cutting points on the imaging plane with respect to a specified DoC during the whole cutting process. By adopting differential evolution algorithm-based minimization, the critical DoC can be identified by minimizing the deviation between the extracted margin and the theoretical curve. The proposed method is demonstrated through both numerical simulation and experimental analysis. Compared with conventional 2D- and 3D-microscopic-image-based methods, determination of the critical DoC in this study uses the envelope profile rather than the onset point of the generated cracks, providing a more objective approach with smaller uncertainty.
Mild and Efficient Deprotection of the Amine Protecting p‐Methoxyphenyl (PMP) Group. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The APL Paradigm and the “Co-Clinical Trial” Project (2011)

Tremendous advances in technologies have allowed the attainment of powerful insights into the molecular and genetic determinants that drive human cancers. However, this acquired knowledge has been translated into effective therapeutics very slowly, in part due to difficulty in predicting which drug or drug combination is likely to be effective in the complex mutational background of human cancers. To address this difficulty we have proposed and initiated the "co-clinical trial" project, in which we exploit mouse models that faithfully replicate the variety of mutational events observed in human cancers, to conduct preclinical trials that parallel ongoing human phase I/II clinical trials. Here, we focus on concepts relevant to the application of this novel paradigm and the essential components required for its implementation to ultimately achieve the rational and rapid development of new therapeutic treatments.
Highly Ordered Alumina Through-Hole Membranes Having Reduced Hole Intervals: 30–50 nm (2021)

We investigated the dependence of the solubility of the oxide layer formed by anodization of Al on the concentration of sulfuric acid. As a result, it was found that the solubility of anodic porous alumina formed in sulfuric acid electrolyte could be controlled by adjusting the concentration of sulfuric acid. On the basis of these results, highly ordered alumina through-hole membranes with reduced hole intervals, 30–50 nm, were formed by two-layer anodization, where one of the oxide layers was selectively dissolved in accordance with the concentration of sulfuric acid used for anodization in the postetching treatment. The obtained ordered alumina through-hole membranes with reduced hole intervals are expected to be applied to various functional devices requiring a highly ordered through-hole array of reduced size.
Kinetic aspects of the growth of hydrogen induced platelets in SiC (2000)

Annealing of heavily hydrogen-implanted silicon carbide (SiC) leads to the formation of one specific type of defect: hydrogen induced platelets. These defects may be regarded as two-dimensional precipitates of H atoms stored in a stable configuration. In this article, we have studied the growth kinetics of these platelets upon annealing in the 800–1000 °C range by transmission electron microscopy. We show that the growth of these defects proceeds through the exchange of H atoms with the result that larger ones grow at the expense of the smaller ones during annealing. This process can be described in terms of a conservative Ostwald ripening mechanism. The activation energy for this growth is found to be about 3.4 eV, a value similar to that observed for the “effective” diffusion of H in heavily H-implanted SiC.
Compact planar monopole antenna for wearable wireless applications (2015)

We report in this paper the design and the realization of a compact wearable monopole antenna directly placed over an Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC), which is located directly on the body. The major contribution is that there is no space between the monopole and the AMC, or between the AMC and the body. Simulation results and measurements are in good agreement and show that the antenna's performances are as good as the best ones reported so far in the literature, while having a smaller volume. The antenna operates at 1.92 GHz with a bandwidth of 8%. The reflection coefficient of the antenna is <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>35</mml:mn> <mml:mtext> </mml:mtext> <mml:mtext>dB</mml:mtext> </mml:math> . The measurement of the antenna gain provides a value of 4.3 dBi with a half-power beamwidth of 70° and a front-to-back radiation ratio of 15.8 dB. Measurement and simulation results also show that the AMC isolates well the monopole from the body: the localized Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) value calculated with 1 g of tissue is 0.34 W/kg with an injected power of 1 W. The antenna with the AMC is well adapted for wearable applications.
Using Dental GPS to Navigate Implant Placement. (2016)

Digital advances have changed implant planning to improve outcomes in placement and restoration. Layering multiple image inputs, such as volumetric radiology, photography, and 3-dimensional (3D) surface scans, has allowed better assessment of patients with partial or complete edentulism, and this can aid in producing 3D visual predictions, implant guides, and prosthetics to execute the proposed plan.
THz Asynchronous Optical Sampling for Spectroscopic Applications (2005)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text M. S. Brown, G. J. Fiechtner, J. V. Rudd, D. Zimdars, and J. R. Gord, "THz Asynchronous Optical Sampling for Spectroscopic Applications," in Optical Terahertz Science and Technology, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2005), paper MD3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Cover Picture: Ginkgolides and Glycine Receptors: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study (Chem. Eur. J. 6/2004) (2004)

The cover picture shows the characteristic fan‐shaped leaf from the Ginkgo biloba tree and the blue pentameric assemblies that represent the glycine receptors which are blocked by ginkgolides, the skeleton of which is seen in the background. The first structure–activity relationship study of ginkgolides and glycine receptors is reported in the paper by K. Nakanishi, K. Strømgaard et al. on p. 1507 ff.
Atomic-Scale Study of Ambient-Pressure Redox-Induced Changes for an Oxide-Supported Submonolayer Catalyst: VOx/α-TiO2(110) (2012)

The activity of supported catalysts is strongly linked to the structure of the surface species. However, direct in situ structural measurements of submonolayer catalysts are lacking. Using in situ X-ray standing wave analysis combined with ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy, we observed reversible redox-induced surface cation dynamics for three-fourths of a monolayer of vanadia grown by atomic-layer deposition on an α-TiO2(110) surface. On the basis of first-principles density functional theory calculations, we propose vanadia submonolayer structures that agree with and suggest explanations for the observed redox-induced structural changes. Under oxidation conditions, the correlated submonolayer structure is a 2D trimer-decorated polymeric chain along the rutile [−1 1 0] direction; under reducing conditions, the more stable polymeric chain remains unreduced, whereas the less stable decorating trimers become reduced and uncorrelated with the support lattice. These results show that a large fraction of V sites retains redox activity at submonolayer V coverages.
A short course of oral aspirin increases IL-18-induced interferon-gamma production in whole blood cultures. (2000)

The effect of aspirin on whole blood cytokine production was studied in six healthy volunteers. Four days after cessation of a 3-day regimen of 650 mg of oral aspirin, there was a 70% increase in interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production, stimulated by a combination of interleukin-18 (IL-18) plus lipopolysaccharide (p < 0.05). At this time, there was a 4-fold increase in the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) compared to pre-aspirin levels (p < 0.03). TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production returned to pre-aspirin levels one month after the discontinuation of aspirin. Short-term aspirin treatment induces a significant increase in the production of these cytokines, probably through inhibition of prostaglandins. These data suggest a novel pathway through which long aspirin use reduces the risk of colon cancer, and may explain the effects of aspirin in inflammatory bowel disease.
Immunological imprint of COVID‐19 on human peripheral blood leukocyte populations (2020)

Acute SARS-CoV-2 infection leaves protracted beneficial (ie, activation of T cells) and potentially harmful (ie, reduction of neutrophils) imprints in the cellular immune system in addition to induction of specific antibody responses.
The Histrionicotoxin-Sensitive Ethidium Binding Site Is Located Outside of the Transmembrane Domain of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: A Fluorescence Study (1994)

A novel, relatively photostable, long-wavelength fluorescent membrane probe, N-(Texas Red sulfonyl)-5(and 6)-dodecanoylamine (C12-Texas Red), was synthesized and used as an electronic energy acceptor for Förster fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between ethidium bound to a histrionicotoxin-sensitive binding site on the Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) and the lipid membrane surface. FRET from membrane-partitioned 5-(N-dodecanoylamino)fluorescein (C12-fluorescein) to the membrane-partitioned C12-Texas Red was also determined with a parallel set of cuvettes to (1) compare FRET results with a donor in a known position in the membrane and (2) assess the surface density of the membrane-partitioned C12-Texas Red. Stern-Volmer analysis of the FRET results showed that C12-Texas Red quenched membrane-partitioned C12-fluorescein fluorescence 2.9 times more effectively than it quenched the receptor-bound ethidium fluorescence even though the Förster critical distances for the two donor-acceptor pairs were very similar (49.9 and 54.3 A, respectively). Analysis of the ethidium to C12-Texas Red FRET as a function of acceptor surface density with the assumptions that the donor is attached along the major axis of symmetry of a cylindrical protein embedded perpendicularly into the membrane (On-Axis FRET model) suggested that the distance of closest approach between the receptor-bound ethidium and the membrane surface was approximately 52 A. Because the minimum distance between the surface of the lipid-membrane domain and the major symmetry axis of the AChR is approximately 28 A, the FRET results strongly suggest that the ethidium binding site is not located near the entrance of the luminal transmembrane domain is generally assumed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Putting the actin cytoskeleton into perspective: pathophysiology of ischemic alterations (1997)

The actin cytoskeleton plays an ever-increasingly understood role in mediating a myriad of processes necessary for cellular structure and function. New and exciting information regarding the dynamic aspects of the actin cytoskeleton and its intracellular regulation are unfolding at a rapid rate. Actin cytoskeletal-surface membrane interactions mediating such diverse cellular events as cell polarity, endocytosis, exocytosis, cell division, cellular migration, cell adhesion, signal transduction, and ion channel activity are part of an ever-growing list of cellular processes dependent on precise actin polarization and regulation of assembly and disassembly. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the understanding of actin cytoskeleton-mediated cellular processes, to provide a framework that interrelates the complex protein-protein interactions necessary for localization, regulation, and mediation of these essential cellular functions, and to outline the role of actin effector proteins in the pathophysiology of ischemic cell injury.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Nickel‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Couplings of Aryl Carbamates and Sulfamates Utilizing Microwave Heating. (2011)

Abstract It allows an efficient access to a wide range of biaryls.
Melatonin Decreases Acute Inflammatory Response to Neural Probe Insertion (2022)

Neural electrode insertion trauma impedes the recording and stimulation capabilities of numerous diagnostic and treatment avenues. Implantation leads to the activation of inflammatory markers and cell types, which is detrimental to neural tissue health and recording capabilities. Oxidative stress and inflammation at the implant site have been shown to decrease with chronic administration of antioxidant melatonin at week 16, but its effects on the acute landscape have not been studied. To assess the effect of melatonin administration in the acute phase, specifically the first week post-implantation, we utilized histological and q-PCR methods to quantify cellular and molecular indicators of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as two-photon microscopy to track the microglial responses in real-time. Histological results indicate that melatonin effectively maintained neuron density surrounding the electrode, inhibited accumulation and activation of microglia, astrocytes, and reduced oxidative tissue damage. The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-&amp;alpha; and IL-6, were significantly reduced in melatonin-treated animals. Additionally, microglia encapsulation of the implant surface was inhibited by melatonin as compared to control animals following implantation. Our results combined with previous research suggest that melatonin is a particularly suitable drug for modulating inflammatory activity around neural electrode implants both acutely and chronically, translating to more stable and reliable interfaces.
Innovations in laser cladding and direct metal deposition (2012)

The present paper reviews recent progress in productivity, precision and quality of laser-based cladding and additive layer manufacturing. Recently, we have demonstrated the great benefits obtained from induction assisted laser cladding. This novel hybrid technology combines high deposition rates with excellent cladding properties. Laser-based direct metal deposition is a novel concept for the fabrication of components and repair as well as geometrical surface modifications. Newly developed nozzle design allows focused powder spots to generate wall thicknesses of about 30 &mu;m. An in-depth understanding of the processes and the resulting materials properties is key for the development of technically viable and economically reasonable customized solutions.
Impact Of High Sc Content On Crystal Morphology And RF Performance Of Sputtered Al1-xScxN SMR BAW (2019)

Applications using BAW devices benefit from large intrinsic electromechanical coupling materials, e.g. Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Sc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N. This work reports BAW-SMRs using high piezoelectric Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Sc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N and investigates the relations between Sc content, crystal morphology and resonator RF performance. Finally, key requirements for high quality Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Sc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> N thin-film growth are analyzed and discussed examplary for x = 20at.-%.