gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Endothelial Thermotolerance Impairs Nanoparticle Transport in Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The delivery of diagnostic and therapeutic agents to solid tumors is limited by physical transport barriers within tumors, and such restrictions directly contribute to decreased therapeutic efficacy and the emergence of drug resistance. Nanomaterials designed to perturb the local tumor environment with precise spatiotemporal control have demonstrated potential to enhance drug delivery in preclinical models. Here, we investigated the ability of one class of heat-generating nanomaterials called plasmonic nanoantennae to enhance tumor transport in a xenograft model of ovarian cancer. We observed a temperature-dependent increase in the transport of diagnostic nanoparticles into tumors. However, a transient, reversible reduction in this enhanced transport was seen upon reexposure to heating, consistent with the development of vascular thermotolerance. Harnessing these observations, we designed an improved treatment protocol combining plasmonic nanoantennae with diffusion-limited chemotherapies. Using a microfluidic endothelial model and genetic tools to inhibit the heat-shock response, we found that the ability of thermal preconditioning to limit heat-induced cytoskeletal disruption is an important component of vascular thermotolerance. This work, therefore, highlights the clinical relevance of cellular adaptations to nanomaterials and identifies molecular pathways whose modulation could improve the exposure of tumors to therapeutic agents. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 75(16); 3255–67. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
2037-P: Characterization of Novel Unimolecular Amylin-Adrenomedullin Dual Agonists (2019)

Amylin and Adrenomedullin both belong to the calcitonin peptide family. While amylin plays an important role in maintaining glucose and energy homeostasis, adrenomedullin is primarily known for its beneficial vasoactive effects. We hypothesize that combining the glucoregulatory and anti-obesity properties of amylin with the cardioprotective effects of adrenomedullin could be an effective treatment strategy to address type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular diseases in one molecule. Here we report the design and receptor potencies of unimolecular peptide agonists with dual activity at the amylin and adrenomedullin receptors. Using solid-phase peptide synthesis, an array of hybrid peptides was rationally designed by substituting amino acids essential for amylin activity into the native adrenomedullin sequence. The pharmacokinetic profile was optimized by lipidation with a C20 diacid. Functional activities of the analogues were measured using a cAMP accumulation assay in cells overexpressing the human amylin receptor subtype 3 (hAMY3-R) or human adrenomedullin receptor subtype 1 (hAM1-R). All analogues were full agonists on both receptors. hAMY3R potencies were comparable to human native amylin, whereas hAM1-R potencies ranged from equipotent to 100-fold less potent compared to human native adrenomedullin. In summary, we have synthesized novel hybrid amylin-adrenomedullin peptide agonists with dual activity at the hAMY3R and hAM1-R. Ongoing studies address in vivo efficacy and potency of amylin-adrenomedullin dual agonists in rodent models of obesity and diabetes. Disclosure L.S. Dalboege: None. P. Magotti: None. N. Buch-Månson: None. E.M. Bech: None. L.N. Fink: Employee; Self; Gubra. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. S.L. Pedersen: None. K. Fosgerau: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Gubra.
Efficacy of Mitochondrial Antioxidant Plastoquinonyl‐decyl‐triphenylphosphonium Bromide (SkQ1) in the Rat Model of Autoimmune Arthritis (2016)

Rheumatoid arthritis is one of the most common autoimmune diseases. Many antioxidants have been tested in arthritis, but their efficacy was, at best, marginal. In this study, a novel mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant, plastoquinonyl‐decyl‐triphenylphosphonium bromide (SkQ1), was tested in vivo to prevent and cure experimental autoimmune arthritis. In conventional Wistar rats, SkQ1 completely prevented the development of clinical signs of arthritis if administered with food before induction. Further, SkQ1 significantly reduced the fraction of animals that developed clinical signs of arthritis and severity of pathological lesions if administration began immediately after induction of arthritis or at the onset of first symptoms (day 14 after induction). In specific pathogen‐free Wistar rats, SkQ1 administered via gavage after induction of arthritis did not reduce the fraction of animals with arthritis but decreased the severity of lesions upon pathology examination in a dose‐dependent manner. Efficacious doses of SkQ1 were in the range of 0.25–1.25 nmol/kg/day (0.13–0.7 μ g/kg/day), which is much lower than doses commonly used for conventional antioxidants. SkQ1 promoted apoptosis of neutrophils in vitro , which may be one of the mechanisms underlying its pharmacological activity. Considering its low toxicity and the wide therapeutic window, SkQ1 may be a valuable additional therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Gas and Vapor Sorption, Permeation, and Diffusion in Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-perfluoromethyl vinyl ether) (2005)

Solubilities of N2, CO2, C1−C3 saturated hydrocarbons, C1−C3 saturated fluorocarbons, and normal- and cyclo-C5 and -C6 alkanes at 35 °C are reported in an amorphous, rubbery, random copolymer composed of 50.7 mol % tetrafluoroethylene and 49.3 mol % perfluoromethyl vinyl ether, TFE/PMVE49. Permeabilities of N2, O2, CO2, and C1−C3 saturated hydrocarbons in this polymer at 35 °C are also presented. Solubilities of hydrocarbon vapors in this fluoropolymer are lower than those of their corresponding fluorocarbon analogues due to less favorable interactions of the fluorinated polymer with hydrocarbon vapors than with fluorocarbon penetrants. Polymer density was measured over a wide temperature and pressure range to estimate parameters for equation-of-state modeling of gas sorption. Modeling the sorption isotherms with the Sanchez−Lacombe equation-of-state model requires a reduction of approximately 10% in the cohesive energy density of the gas−polymer mixture from that predicted by the geometric mean mixing rule for all hydrocarbon penetrants other than CH4. Sorption of CH4 and fluorocarbon penetrants is well described with little or no variation in the geometric mean rule estimate of interaction energy. While linear correlations between the natural logarithm of hydrocarbon gas solubility and penetrant critical temperature in hydrocarbon polymers often have slope values of about 0.019 K-1 at 35 °C, this fluoropolymer has a much lower slope value, 0.011 K-1. Hydrocarbon/nitrogen permeability selectivity is much lower in TFE/PMVE49 than in hydrocarbon-based rubbery polymers such as poly(dimethylsiloxane). This effect is, to a very large extent, a result of hydrocarbon solubility suppression in the fluoropolymer, due to less favorable hydrocarbon−fluorocarbon interactions.
Cardiometabolic risk in polycystic ovary syndrome: a comparison of different approaches to defining the metabolic syndrome (2008)

An approximate 4-fold increase in the prevalence of the MetS in women with PCOS compared with the general population, consistent with the proposed major role of insulin and obesity in the syndrome, implies greater risk of cardiometabolic disease in women with PCOS. However, this estimate is likely to vary according to PCOS definition, ethnicity and different aetiological pathways to PCOS.
Differential activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma by troglitazone and rosiglitazone. (2000)

The antidiabetic thiazolidinediones, which include troglitazone and rosiglitazone, are ligands for the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-gamma and exert their antihyperglycemic effects by regulation of PPAR-gamma-responsive genes. We report here that PPAR-gamma activation by troglitazone depends on the experimental setting. Troglitazone acts as a partial agonist for PPAR-gamma in transfected muscle (C2C12) and kidney (HEK 293T) cells, producing a submaximal transcriptional response (1.8- to 2.5-fold activation) compared with rosiglitazone (7.4- to 13-fold activation). Additionally, troglitazone antagonizes rosiglitazone-stimulated PPAR-gamma transcriptional activity. Limited protease digestion of PPAR-gamma suggests conformational differences in the receptor bound to troglitazone versus rosiglitazone. Consistent with this finding, an in vitro coactivator association assay demonstrated that troglitazone-bound PPAR-gamma recruited the transcriptional coactivators p300 and steroid receptor coactivator 1 less efficiently than rosiglitazone-bound receptor. In contrast to these observations, troglitazone behaves as a full agonist of PPAR-gamma in 3T3L1 adipocytes. Two-dimensional protein gel electrophoresis demonstrated that troglitazone and rosiglitazone regulated distinct but overlapping sets of genes in several cell types. Thus, troglitazone may behave as a partial agonist under certain physiological circumstances and as a full agonist in others. These differences could be caused by variations in the amount of specific cofactors, differences in PPAR response elements, or the presence of different isoforms of PPAR-gamma.
Protein mapping and the problem of complexity in molecular biology (1985)

Two-dimensional electrophoretic protein mapping is now ten y old. Although it was evident to many in 1975 that a system for separating thousands of proteins would have a great effect on biology, the true parameters of this revolution are only now becoming apparent. This paper discusses what has been affected by the development of protein mapping, what the possibilities are now, why it has taken a decade to get this far.
Application Of Bayesian Inversion Of Electromagnetic Induction Data For Uxo Discrimination (2003)

This paper presents the results of a study applying the Bayesian inversion approach to&lt;br&gt;electromagnetic induction (EMI) data, for applications such as UXO discrimination. The cases&lt;br&gt;investigated feature prominent impediments to simpler treatment, namely high signal clutter and multiple&lt;br&gt;objects sensed simultaneously. The fundamental feature of Bayesian inversion is rational incorporation of&lt;br&gt;prior information into a stochastic inference algorithm, to reach the most robust posterior probability of&lt;br&gt;the model identity based on measured data. In UXO detection and classification, the model is a set of&lt;br&gt;parameters corresponding to a particular object in a particular disposition. Prior information about the&lt;br&gt;target or setting and the randomness of noise from different sources warrant the application of a Bayesian&lt;br&gt;approach in this particular inverse problem. Broadband EMI responses at different locations, in terms of&lt;br&gt;scattered magnetic field components in-phase and out-of-phase with the transmitted primary field, form&lt;br&gt;the data vector. Undoubtedly, EMI measurements are contaminated with errors in sensor positioning,&lt;br&gt;truncation errors in sensors and computers, metallic clutter items, ambient radio interference, etc. The&lt;br&gt;prior information derives from sampling excavation at a particular site, soil information, historical&lt;br&gt;information on use of a site, archival knowledge on different object types, forward modeling results for a&lt;br&gt;particular type of UXO, and other pertinent information one can collect for a given UXO cleanup project.&lt;br&gt;Compared to deterministic inversion algorithms, Bayesian inversion should be more advantageous for&lt;br&gt;dealing with an inverse or inference problem when data are contaminated by random errors, as long as&lt;br&gt;one can justify characterizing the prior information statistically.&lt;br&gt;Two kinds of problem were solved here using the Bayesian approach: (1) data contaminated with&lt;br&gt;random noise and (2) data for cases in which more than one UXO-sized object is in the sensor&apos;s field of&lt;br&gt;view at the same time. For the first case, we applied the inversion algorithms on 100 sets of synthetic&lt;br&gt;data; results were compared with that from simple least squares (SLS) algorithm. Comparison shows that&lt;br&gt;Bayesian approach can give more accurate results, given that we can provide reasonable prior information&lt;br&gt;and statistics on the noise. For the second case, we measured data for two cylinders at different distances&lt;br&gt;from one another, with signals overlapping to one degree or another. Results show that in most cases the&lt;br&gt;signatures of each individual contributing target can be extracted.&lt;br&gt;Keywords: Bayesian, unexploded ordnance (UXO), electromagnetic induction (EMI), inversion,&lt;br&gt;spheroid, analytical solution, multiple objects
Authentication labels based on guided-mode resonant filters (2007)

A guided-mode resonance (GMR) filter with wide angular tolerances is experimentally demonstrated as an authentication label illuminated with unpolarized white light. The proposed filter, based on a free-standing silicon nitride membrane suspended on a silicon substrate, is fabricated by using anisotropic wet etching to remove the substrate beneath the silicon nitride layer. Both grating and waveguide structures without a lower cladding layer, i.e., a substrate, are fabricated simultaneously on a silicon nitride membrane. Since the silicon nitride is transparent within the spectra of visible and infrared light, such suspended-membrane-type GMR filters are well suited for applications within the visible spectrum. Moreover, the high refractive index of silicon nitride allows the proposed filters to have strongly modulated gratings and an immunity to high angular deviation. The measured reflection resonance has an angular tolerance up to +/-5 degrees under normal incidence for the wavelength of 629.5 nm.
Influence of growth conditions and polarity on interface-related electron density in InN (2008)

Electron accumulation at the oxidized surface of In- and N-polarity indium nitride is shown to exhibit no dependence on the growth conditions (varied from In- to N-rich), revealing the surface Fermi level to be pinned 1.4±0.1 eV above the valence band maximum for all cases. This is in contrast to the interpretation of recent multiple-field Hall effect measurements, which suggested almost an order of magnitude increase in the sheet density of the accumulation layer upon moving from In-rich to N-rich growth conditions, and sample thickness dependent single-field Hall effect measurements which suggested different surface sheet densities for In- and N-polarity samples. However, an increase in the electron density approaching the InN/GaN (buffer layer) interface was not considered in the analysis of these Hall effect measurements, and this is invoked here to reconcile the constant surface Fermi level with the variations in “excess” sheet density observed in the previous Hall effect studies.
Supramolecular Alcohol–Amine Crystals and Their Hydrogen-Bond Patterns (1998)

An analysis of the structures of five new cocrystals with saturated hydrogen bonding between amines and alcohols is presented. These five are all cocrystals with p -phenylenediamine (PDA) and a mono- or diol. The cocrystals are p -phenylenediamine–phenol (1/2) [PDA·2 phenol, (I)], p -phenylenediamine– p -phenylphenol (1/2) [PDA·2 p -phenylphenol (II)], p -phenylenediamine–2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene (1/1) [PDA·2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene (III)], p -phenylenediamine–1,6-hexanediol (1/1) [PDA·1,6-hexanediol (IV)] and p -phenylenediamine– p -chlorophenol (1/2) [PDA·2 p -chlorophenol (V)]. These crystals have two distinctly different supramolecular hydrogen-bond patterns, when considering only the hydroxyl and amine groups. There are, in addition, variations in the ways covalently bonded crosslinks connect these hydrogen-bond networks. The graph sets of the hydrogen-bond networks of these and other published saturated amine–alcohol crystals are compared and suggestions made on how to present the graph-set descriptions, especially those involving infinite two- and three-dimensional networks of intersecting chains which are characteristic of most of these materials.
Continuous-wave low-threshold performance of 1.3-/spl mu/m InGaAs-GaAs quantum-dot lasers (2000)

The understanding of material quality and luminescence characteristics of InGaAs-GaAs quantum dots (QD's) is advancing rapidly. Intense work in this area has been stimulated by the recent demonstration of lasing from a QD active region at the technologically important 1.3-/spl mu/m wavelength from a GaAs-based heterostructure laser. Already, several groups have achieved low-threshold currents and current densities at room temperature from In(Ga)As QD active regions that emit at or close to 1.3 /spl mu/m. In this paper, we discuss crystal growth, QD emission efficiency, and low-threshold lasing characteristics for 1.3-/spl mu/m InGaAs-GaAs QD active regions grown using submonolayer depositions of In, Ga, and As. Oxide-confinement is effective in obtaining a low-threshold current of 1.2 mA and threshold-current density of 19 A/cm/sup 2/ under continuous-wave (CW) room temperature (RT) operation. At 4 K, a remarkably low threshold-current density of 6 A/cm/sup 2/ is obtained.
Demonstrating an absolute quantum advantage in direct absorption\n measurement (2016)

Engineering apparatus that harness quantum theory offers practical advantages\nover current technology. A fundamentally more powerful prospect is the\nlong-standing prediction that such quantum technologies could out-perform any\nfuture iteration of their classical counterparts, no matter how well the\nattributes of those classical strategies can be improved. Here, we\nexperimentally demonstrate such an instance of \\textit{absolute} advantage per\nphoton probe in the precision of optical direct absorption measurement. We use\ncorrelated intensity measurements of spontaneous parametric downconversion\nusing a commercially available air-cooled CCD, a new estimator for data\nanalysis and a high heralding efficiency photon-pair source. We show this\nenables improvement in the precision of measurement, per photon probe, beyond\nwhat is achievable with an ideal coherent state (a perfect laser) detected with\n$100\\%$ efficient and noiseless detection. We see this absolute improvement for\nup to $50\\%$ absorption, with a maximum observed factor of improvement of 1.46.\nThis equates to around $32\\%$ reduction in the total number of photons\ntraversing an optical sample, compared to any future direct optical absorption\nmeasurement using classical light.\n
High-Concentration Self-Assembly of Zirconium- and Hafnium-Based Metal-Organic Materials (2023)

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline, porous solids constructed from organic linkers and inorganic nodes that are promising for applications in chemical separations, gas storage, and catalysis, among many others. However, a major roadblock to the widespread implementation of MOFs, including highly tunable and hydrolytically stable Zr- and Hf-based frameworks, is their benchtop-scalable synthesis, as MOFs are typically prepared under highly dilute (≤0.01 M) solvothermal conditions. This necessitates the use of liters of organic solvent to prepare only a few grams of MOF. Here-in, we demonstrate that Zr- and Hf-based frameworks (eight examples) can self-assemble at much higher reaction concen-trations than are typically utilized, up to 1.00 M in many cases. Combining stoichiometric amounts of Zr or Hf precursors with organic linkers at high concentrations yields highly crystalline and porous MOFs, as confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and 77 K N2 surface area measurements. Further, the use of well-defined pivalate-capped cluster pre-cursors avoids the formation of ordered defects and impurities that arise from standard metal chloride salts. These clus-ters also introduce pivalate defects that increase the exterior hydrophobicity of several MOFs, as confirmed by water con-tact angle measurements. Overall, our findings challenge the standard assumption that MOFs must be prepared under highly dilute solvothermal conditions for optimal results, paving the way for their scalable and user-friendly synthesis in the laboratory.
Nondestructive analysis of the transverse structure of novel optical fibers by third-harmonic-generation microscopy (2002)

We demonstrate the suitability of the third-harmonic-generation technique as a new nonlinear microprobe for nondestructive determination of the index profile of optical fibers. Photonic bandgap (Bragg-type) and air-silica microstructure (ASM) fibers were tested. The complete spatial characteristics, such as hole diameter and spacing into ASM fibers or sandwiched layer thickness into Bragg fibers, were demonstrated to be attainable anywhere along a bare fiber.
Infrared optical properties of mixed-phase thin films studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry using boron nitride as an example (1997)

We present a microstructure-dependent anisotropic infrared-optical dielectric function model for mixed-phase polycrystalline material from which we derive the transverse and longitudinal-optical modes observable in thin films. Infrared ellipsometry over the wavelength range from 700 to $3000{\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ is then used to determine the phase and microstructure of polycrystalline and multilayered hexagonal and cubic boron nitride thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering onto (100) silicon. The ellipsometric data depend on the thin-film multilayer structure, the layer-phase composition, and the average orientation of the hexagonal grain $c$ axes. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of spectral shifts of longitudinal optical phonons as a function of microstructure, i.e., the average grain crystallographic orientation within the mixed-phase material.
Monocyte accumulation in mouse atherogenesis is progressive and proportional to extent of disease (2006)

Monocytes participate importantly in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, but their spatial and temporal recruitment from circulation remains uncertain. This study tests the hypothesis that monocyte accumulation in atheroma correlates with the extent of disease by using a sensitive and simple quantitative assay that allows tracking of highly enriched populations of blood monocytes. A two-step isolation method yielded viable and functionally intact highly enriched peripheral blood monocyte populations (>90%). Recipient mice received syngeneic monocytes labeled in two ways: by transgenically expressing EGFP or with a radioactive tracer [(111)In]oxine. After 5 days, more labeled cells accumulated in the aorta, principally the aortic root and ascending aorta, of 10-wk-old ApoE(-/-) compared with 10-wk-old C57BL/6 mice (223 +/- 3 vs. 87 +/- 22 cells per aorta). Considerably more monocytes accumulated in 20-wk-old ApoE(-/-) mice on either chow (314 +/- 41 cells) or high-cholesterol diet (395 +/- 53 cells). Fifty-week-old ApoE(-/-) mice accumulated even more monocytes in the aortic root, ascending aorta, and thoracic aorta after both chow (503 +/- 67 cells) or high-cholesterol diet (648 +/- 81 cells). Labeled monocyte content in the aorta consistently correlated with lesion surface area. These data indicate that monocytes accumulate continuously during atheroma formation, accumulation increases in proportion to lesion size, and recruitment is augmented with hypercholesterolemia. These results provide insights into mechanisms of atherogenesis and have implications for the duration of therapies directed at leukocyte recruitment.