gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OP08.02: The reproducibility of three methods to evaluate the volume of intracavitary structures/abnormalities using 3D gel instillation sonohysterography (GIS) (2011)

To evaluate the reproducibility of volume measurements of endometrial polyps and submucous myomas using 3D gel instillation sonohysterography (GIS) with automatic volume measurement method (AVM), manual volume measurement method (MVM) and manual volume estimation (MVE). AVM is a software option (ALOKA, Tokyo, Japan) that automatically calculates after setting a range of interest. MVM is a software option that automatically calculates after manually tracing slice sections. MVE calculates after manually measuring in three orthogonal planes. 414 volume measurements from 23 datasets stored in 2010 were analysed. The stored 3D datasets of the uterine cavity were acquired with GIS. Each dataset was analyzed three times with each method by two researchers to enable analysis of reproducibility (intra- and inter-observer variability). The researchers were blinded to their own measurements. Intraobserver reliability was measured using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). (An ICC of 1 indicates all variance is due to variation between subjects and 0 between observers; > 0.7 indicates sufficient reproducibility). ICC was high for both researchers for all three techniques: AVM 0.984 and 0.995, MVM 0.973 and 0.996, MVE 0.980 and 0.997. The average ICC for AVM was the highest, but differences were extremely small and neglectable. According to the F-test of homogeneity of variance, there were no statistical significant differences in intra- and interobserver variability between the AVM, MVM and MVE methods. For calculation of the intermethod reproducibility, the mean of three measurements of the researchers was compared between pairs of techniques and no statistical significant differences were found. The reproducibility of the three methods of volume measurements of intra uterine abnormalities (submucous myomas and polypous structures) in 3D GIS is extremely high with no statistical significant differences in intra- and interobserver variability or intermethod variability.
STUDY ON QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF WORKABILITY IN SHIPBUILDING (1994)

If the quantitative evaluation of the workability can be realized at an early stage in the design process, it would become possible not only to design a product which was easier to fabricate but to facilitate more efficient design. A technique has been developed for quantitavely evaluating the simplicity of fabrication of applicable structures in the structural design of a hull. This paper describes the technique in detail. Although the paper concentrates on the workability evaluation of welding operation, which particularly requires greater volume of work than other shipbuilding operations, the technique is applicable to other operations in the same manner.
Technology/circuit co-optimization and benchmarking for graphene interconnects at Sub-10nm technology node (2015)

In this paper, graphene interconnects are analyzed based on realistic circuits in terms of multiple material properties, such as the mean free path, the contact resistance, and the edge roughness. The benchmark against conventional copper wires shows that the advantage of graphene usage occurs only under certain circumstances. The device-level parameters, including the supply and threshold voltages, and the circuit-level parameters, including the wire length and width, have large impacts on both the delay and energy-delay product (EDP) comparisons. Two representative circuits, a 32-bit adder and an SRAM, are investigated. Up to 40% and 70% of the improvement in delay and EDP are observed for a 32-bit adder. For the SRAM application, contact resistance is a crucial factor in dictating the performance of graphene interconnects.
Residual order in the thermal oxide of a fully strained SiGe alloy on Si (2010)

Residual order in the thermal oxide of a fully strained SiGe alloy on a Si(001) surface was investigated by synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Ordered ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ was present in the oxide layer, and the crystalline order was similar to that of Si. The dependence of the order on oxidation time and temperature was also obtained. On the basis of these results, the oxidation reaction at the interface and the differences in rate enhancement between dry and wet oxidation conditions are discussed.
Inhibition of virus production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1-seropositive donors by treatment with recombinant HIV-like particles (1992)

We have previously reported on the assembly of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-like particles that contain gag structural proteins and present env glycoproteins gp120 and gp41 on their surfaces (O. Haffar,. J. Garriques, B. Travis, P. Moran, J. Zarling, and S.-L. Hu, J. Virol. 64:2653-2659, 1990). On the basis of their structures, we hypothesized that the recombinant particles would interfere with virus infection and tested our hypothesis in vitro by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from HIV type 1-seropositive donors. Addition of the recombinant particles to PBMC concomitant with stimulation by anti-CD3 inhibited virus production, as determined by reduced levels of p24 in the culture supernatants. This inhibition of p24 production correlated with lower levels of cell-associated viral DNA. Several lines of evidence suggested that the recombinant particles exerted their antiviral effects primarily by inhibiting virus production from latently infected cells and not by inhibiting subsequent virus spread. Importantly, CD4+ T-cell stimulation by specific antigen or by anti-CD3 was not inhibited by treatment with the recombinant particles. This apparent selective inhibition of virus replication in infected PBMC represents a novel property of the recombinant HIV-like particles.
Ultra‐thin smart electronic skin based on hybrid system‐in‐foil concept combining three flexible electronics technologies (2018)

Flexible electronics combined with new materials and fabrication processes offer unique characteristics such as mechanical flexibility, thin‐form factor, large area scaling feasibility, and adaptability to irregular surfaces. In this work, a smart electronic skin adopting the hybrid system‐in‐foil concept is designed to monitor the uniaxial bending of a robotic gripper. The newly designed smart skin contains an array of printed strain gauges, organic thin‐film transistor (TFT) addressing circuits and a 20 μm ultra‐thin silicon readout chip, all integrated on the same polymeric foil. The silver‐ink printed strain gauges achieve a relative resistance sensitivity Δ R / R of 2% and a gauge factor of 2. In addition, the organic TFT multiplexer containing a three‐stage shift register and analogue switches operate at a frequency of 100 Hz and a supply voltage of 3 V. The ultra‐thin silicon chip provides the functions of system control, strain gauge readout, analogue‐to‐digital conversion and serial communication.
Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of the Sarpagine Related Indole Alkaloids Talpinine and Talcarpine as Well as the Improved Total Synthesis of Alstonerine and Anhydromacrosalhine-methine via the Asymmetric Pictet−Spengler Reaction (2000)

The enantiospecific total synthesis of talpinine 1 and talcarpine 2 has been accomplished from D-(+)-tryptophan in 13 steps (11 reaction vessels) in 10% and 9.5% overall yields, respectively. Moreover, this synthetic approach has been employed for the improved synthesis of alstonerine 3and anhydromacrosalhine-methine 4 in 12% and 14% overall yield, respectively. A convenient synthetic route for the enantiospecific, stereospecific preparation of the key intermediate (-)-N(a)-H, N(b)-benzyl tetracyclic ketone 15a via the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction on a multihundred-gram scale has been developed. A diastereocontrolled (>30:1) anionic oxy-Cope rearrangement and the intramolecular rearrangement to form ring-E and an N(b)-benzyl/N(b)-methyl transfer reaction also served as key steps. This general approach can now be utilized for the synthesis of macroline/sarpagine related indole alkaloids and their antipodes for biological screening.
Topological Order at Nonzero Temperature (2011)

We propose a definition for topological order at nonzero temperature in analogy to the usual zero temperature definition that a state is topologically ordered, or "nontrivial", if it cannot be transformed into a product state (or a state close to a product state) using a local (or approximately local) quantum circuit. We prove that any two-dimensional Hamiltonian which is a sum of commuting local terms is not topologically ordered at T > 0. We show that such trivial states cannot be used to store quantum information using certain stringlike operators. This definition is not too restrictive, however, as the four dimensional toric code does have a nontrivial phase at nonzero temperature.
Retroviral gene therapy in Germany with a view on previous experience and future perspectives (2021)

Gene therapy can be used to restore cell function in monogenic disorders or to endow cells with new capabilities, such as improved killing of cancer cells, expression of suicide genes for controlled elimination of cell populations, or protection against chemotherapy or viral infection. While gene therapies were originally most often used to treat monogenic diseases and to improve hematopoietic stem cell transplantation outcome, the advent of genetically modified immune cell therapies, such as chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells, has contributed to the increased numbers of patients treated with gene and cell therapies. The advancement of gene therapy with integrating retroviral vectors continues to depend upon world-wide efforts. As the topic of this special issue is "Spotlight on Germany," the goal of this review is to provide an overview of contributions to this field made by German clinical and research institutions. Research groups in Germany made, and continue to make, important contributions to the development of gene therapy, including design of vectors and transduction protocols for improved cell modification, methods to assess gene therapy vector efficacy and safety (e.g., clonal imbalance, insertion sites), as well as in the design and conduction of clinical gene therapy trials.
Impact of isotype selective estrogen receptor agonists on ovarian function (2004)

Novel isotype selective receptor (ER) agonists, the selective ERalpha agonist 16-alpha-LE2 and the selective ERbeta agonist 8beta-VE2, were used in several studies in hypophysectomized rats or GnRH treated immature mice as well as in mature rats to elucidate the effect of subtype selective estrogens on the physiology of folliculogenesis and ovulation. In immature hypophysectomized animals, the ERbeta agonist and the reference compound 17beta-estradiol caused stimulation of early folliculogenesis, a decrease in follicular atresia, induction of ovarian gene expression and stimulation of late follicular growth accompanied by an increase in the number of ovulated oocytes. The ERbeta agonsit exhibited the same efficiency and a similar high potency as 17beta-estradiol in the respective studies. In contrast, the ERalpha agonist had little or no effect on these parameters implying that direct estrogen effects on ovarian follicular development are mediated by ERbeta. In adult rats, 17beta-estradiol and the ERalpha agonist caused a dose dependent inhibition of ovulation in contrast to the ERbeta agonist which affected ovulation only at very high doses. In contrast to 17beta-estradiol and the ERalpha agonist, the ERbeta agonist did not cause a detectable effect on uterine weight in intact female rats. This is in line with the assumption that the inhibitory effect of estrogens on ovulation and the stimulatory effect on the uterus are mediated by ERalpha but not by ERbeta. If future studies provide evidence that the selective follicle stimulating effect of the ERbeta agonist leads to improvement of oocyte and embryo quality, ERbeta agonists may provide clinicans the unique new option for tailoring classical ovarian stimulation protocols by the use of ERbeta agonists.
Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth, Herb and Oil Yield, Nutrient Accumulation, and Oil Quality of French Basil (2005)

Abstract Intensive cropping systems with fertilizer responsive crops that rely on high input of inorganic fertilizers often lead to nonsustainability in production and also pose a serious threat to soil health. Application of organic sources of nutrients with no or very little use of fossil fuel‐based inorganic fertilizers is rapidly gaining favor. However, considering economics and also physiological potential of varieties, entire dependence on organic sources of nutrients may not be adequate to attain the most productivity. Integrated nutrient management with both organic and inorganic fertilizers was investigated. A field trial was conducted with six different combinations of organic manure (FYM and Vermicompost) and inorganic fertilizers [nitrogen‐phosphorus‐potassium (NPK)] to study their effect on yield and oil quality in basil (Ocimum basilicum L. cv. Vikas Sudha). Results from the experiment revealed that among the six treatments compared, the combination of Vermicompost at 5 t ha−1+fertilizer NPK 50:25:25 kg ha−1 performed the best with respect to growth, herb, dry matter, oil content, and oil yield. Content of principal constituents of basil oil (Methyl chavicol and Linalool) were also higher under integrated nutrient management especially when Vermicompost was applied in combination with NPK. Furthermore, it was noticed that organic carbon (C), available N, and P were higher in postharvest soils that received organic manure alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizers than control (no fertilizer or manure) and inorganic fertilizer treated soil. This study indicates that combined application of manure and fertilizer helps to increase crop productivity and quality and maintaining soil fertility. Keywords: Essential oilFYMFrench basillinaloolmethyl chavicolVermicompost
Experimental Examination of an Overwrite Method Utilizing Leakage Field Modulation by the Laser Power Level (1992)

A recently proposed novel single beam overwrite method was examined in order to prove the overwrite concept. The storage layer, the thermal control layer, the biasing layer, and the initializing layer were stacked on a glass substrate and were examined by a magneto-optical read/write tester. It was clear that the leakage field from the biasing layer was modulated by the laser power level and that an overwritable operating region was obtained by this leakage field modulation. The operating margin increased by increasing the linear velocity of the disk. An overwrite CNR of 35 dB was obtained in velocities above 8 m/s with a 20% completely erasing power margin.
Cumulative phase delay between second harmonic and fundamental components—A marker for ultrasound contrast agents (2014)

Several imaging techniques aimed at detecting ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) echo signals, while suppressing signals coming from the surrounding tissue, have been developed. These techniques are especially relevant for blood flow, perfusion, or contrast dispersion quantification. However, despite several approaches being presented, improving the understanding of the ultrasound/UCAs interaction may support further development of imaging techniques. In this paper, the physical phenomena behind the formation of harmonic components in tissue and UCAs, respectively, are addressed as a possible way to recognize the origin of the echo signals. Simulations based on a modified Rayleigh, Plesset, Noltingk, Neppiras, and Poritsky equation and transmission and backscattering measurements of ultrasound propagating through UCAs performed with a single element transducer and a submergible hydrophone, are presented. Both numerical and in vitro results show the occurrence of a cumulative time delay between the second harmonic and fundamental component which increases with UCA concentration and propagation path length through UCAs, and that was clearly observable at frequencies ( f0 = 2.5 MHz) and pressure regimes (mechanical index = 0.1) of interest for imaging. Most importantly, this delay is not observed in the absence of UCAs. In conclusion, the reported phenomenon represents a marker for UCAs with potential application for imaging.
Di-aryl Sulfonamide Motif Adds π-Stacking Bulk in Negative Allosteric Modulators of the NMDA Receptor (2019)

The <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate receptor plays a critical role in central nervous system processes. Its diverse properties, as well as hypothesized role in neurological disease, render NMDA receptors a target of interest for the development of therapeutically relevant modulators. A number of subunit-selective modulators have been reported in the literature, one of which is TCN-201, a GluN2A-selective negative allosteric modulator. Recently, it was determined from a cocrystallization study of TCN-201 with the NMDA receptor that a unique active pose exists in which the sulfonamide group of TCN-201 incorporates a π-π stacking interaction between the two adjacent aryl rings that allows it to make important contacts with the protein. This finding led us to investigate whether this unique structural feature of the diaryl sulfonamide could be incorporated into other modulators that act on distinct pockets. To test whether this idea might have more general utility, we added an aryl ring plus the sulfonamide linker modification to a previously published series of GluN2C- and GluN2D-selective negative allosteric modulators that bind to an entirely different pocket. Herein, we report data suggesting that this structural modification of the NAB-14 series of modulators was tolerated and, in some instances, enhanced potency. These results suggest that this motif may be a reliable means for introducing a π-π stacking element to molecular scaffolds that could improve activity if it allowed access to ligand-protein interactions not accessible from one planar aromatic group.
The fallopian tube in infertility and IVF practice (2011)

This slim volume claims to provide a definitive guide to the Fallopian tube and its disorders. While there are some valuable chapters, especially those that adopt a critical as opposed to descripti...
ChemInform Abstract: MAGNETIC AND SPIN LIFETIME STUDIES IN SOLUTION OF A ΔS1 SPIN‐EQUILIBRIUM PROCESS FOR SOME SIX‐COORDINATE BIS(N‐R‐2,6‐PYRIDINEDICARBOXALDIMINE)COBALT(II) COMPLEXES (1977)

Abstract Durch MnOz‐Oxidation von 2,6‐Dihydroxymethyl‐pyridin wird in 20%iger Ausbeute nach bekannter Methode der Dialdehyd dargestellt.
Dumbbell dipole model and its application in UXO discrimination (2006)

Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) is one of the most promising techniques for UXO discrimination. Target discrimination is usually formulated as an inverse problem typically requiring fast forward models for efficiency. The most successful and widely applied EMI forward model is the simple dipole model, which works well for simple objects when the observation points are not close to the target. For complicated cases, a single dipole is not sufficient and a number of dipoles (displaced dipoles) has been suggested. However, once more than one dipole is needed, it is difficult to infer a unique set of model parameters from measurement data, which is usually limited. Inspired by the displaced dipole model, we developed the dumbbell dipole model, which consists of a special combination of dipoles. We placed a center dipole and two anti-symmetric side dipoles on the target axis. The center dipole functions like the traditional single dipole model and the two side dipoles provide the non-symmetric response of the target. When the distance between dipoles is small, this model is essentially a dipole plus a quadrupole. The advantage of the dumbbell model is that the model parameters can be inferred more easily from measurement data. The center dipole represents the main response of the target, the side dipoles act as additional backup in case a simple dipole is not sufficient. Regularization terms are applied so that the dumbbell dipole model automatically reduces to the simple dipole model in degenerate cases. Preliminary test shows that the dumbbell model can fit the measurement data better than the simple dipole model, and the inferred model parameters are unique for a given UXO. This suggests that the model parameters can be used as a discriminator for UXO. In this paper the dumbbell dipole model is introduced and its performance is compared with that of both the simple dipole model and the displaced dipole model.
ChemInform Abstract: Lithium Enolate Additions to the Tropone Nucleus. (1989)

Abstract 1,6‐Addition reaction of the lithium enolates of (II) to the tropones (I) yields the dihydrotropones (III).
Interface effects from moisture in nanocomposites of 2D graphene oxide in cellulose nanofiber (CNF) matrix – A molecular dynamics study (2022)

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is used to study effects from moisture at cellulose nanofibril (CNF)–graphene oxide (GO) interfaces adhering in the wet state.
Intrinsic control of colonic blood flow and oxygenation (1980)

In a denervated autoperfused dog colon preparation, arterial perfusion pressure, venous outflow pressure, blood flow, and arteriovenous O2 difference were measured during graded arterial pressure alterations, arterial occlusion, venous pressure elevation, venous occlusion, and local intra-arterial infusion of adenosine. As perfusion pressure was reduced from 100 to 30 mmHg, colonic blood flow decreased and arteriovenous O2 difference increased. Although blood flow was not autoregulated O2 delivery was maintained within 10% of control between 70 to 100 mmHg and then decreased with further reduction in perfusion pressure. Arterial occlusion (15, 30, and 60 s) resulted in a postocclusion reactive hyperemia; the magnitude of the hyperemia was directly related to the duration of occlusion. Venous occlusion resulted in a postocclusion reactive hypoemia. Elevation of venous pressure from 0 to 20 mmHg increased vascular resistance, O2 extraction, and the capillary filtration coefficient, but decreased O2 delivery. Infusion of adenosine decreased vascular resistance and O2 extraction, but increased O2 delivery. These data suggest that both metabolic and myogenic mechanisms are involved in the control of colonic blood flow and oxygenation.
Investigation of heterogeneous step-index 2LP-mode multi-core fibers based on a two-ring layout with standard cladding diameter (2023)

The numerical results of the step-index 2LP-mode 6-core and 8-core multi-core fibers (MCFs) with 125-µm cladding diameter and two-ring layout for C-band, show that the crosstalk less than −51 and −35 dB/km can be obtained respectively. It is revealed that the two-ring layout is adapted for improving the crosstalk and critical bending radius, also effective for few-mode MCFs as well as single-mode MCFs.