gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniature Reconfigurable Three-Dimensional Fractal Tree Antennas (2004)

This paper introduces a design methodology for miniature multiband as well as reconfigurable (i.e., tunable) antennas that exploits the self-similar branching structure of three-dimensional (3-D) fractal trees. Several fundamental relationships, useful for design purposes, are established between the geometrical structure of the fractal tree antenna and its corresponding radiation characteristics. In particular, it will be shown that the density and elevation angle of the branches play a key role in the effective design of miniature 3-D fractal tree antennas. Several design examples are considered where fractal trees are used as end-loads in order to miniaturize conventional dipole or monopole antennas. Multiband and reconfigurable versions of these miniature antennas are also proposed, where either reactive LC traps or RF switches are strategically placed throughout the branches and/or along the trunk of the trees. Included among these designs is a miniature reconfigurable dipole antenna that achieves a 57% size reduction for the center frequency of the lowest intended band of operation and has a tunable bandwidth of nearly 70%.
DNA Methylation Profile in Human Cord Blood Mononuclear Leukocytes From Term Neonates: Effects of Histological Chorioamnionitis (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) is an infection/inflammation of fetal membranes and complicates 5.2-28.5% of all live births. Exposure to HCA can have long-term consequences including abnormal neurodevelopment and an increased risk for allergic disorders and asthma later in childhood. HCA may incite epigenetic changes, which have the potential to modulate both the immune and neurological systems as well as increase the risk of related disorders later in life. However, there is limited data on the impact of HCA on epigenetics, in particular DNA methylation, and changes to immune and neurological systems in full-term human neonates. <b>Objective:</b> To determine differential DNA methylation in cord blood mononuclear leukocytes from neonates exposed to HCA. <b>Methods:</b> Cord blood was collected from 10 term neonates (5 with HCA and 5 controls without HCA) and mononuclear leukocytes were isolated. Genome-wide DNA methylation screening was performed on Genomic DNA extracted from mononuclear leukocytes. <b>Results:</b> Mononuclear leukocytes from cord blood of HCA-exposed neonates showed differential DNA methylation of 68 probe sets compared to the control group (44 hypermethylated, 24 hypomethylated) with a <i>p</i> ≤ 0.0001. Several genes involved in immune modulation and nervous system development were found to be differentially methylated. Important canonical pathways as revealed by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) were CREB Signaling in Neurons, FcγRIIB Signaling in B Lymphocytes, Cell Cycle: G1/S Checkpoint Regulation, Interleukin-1, 2, 3, 6, 8, 10, 17, and 17A signaling, p53 signaling, dopamine degradation, and serotonin degradation. The diseases and disorders picked up by IPA were nervous system development and function, neurological disease, respiratory disease, immune cell trafficking, inflammatory response, and immunological disease. <b>Conclusions:</b> HCA induces differential DNA methylation in cord blood mononuclear leukocytes. The differentially methylated genes may contribute to inflammatory, immunological and neurodevelopmental disorders in neonates exposed to HCA.
Proceedings of the 23rd international conference on Supercomputing (2009)

It is our pleasure to welcome you to the 23rd ACM International Conference on Supercomputing (ICS'09). Since it was held for the first time in Athens, Greece in the summer of 1987, ICS has been instrumental in bringing together the people who design and build supercomputers and develop the software, algorithms and applications that make use of them. This year we continue that tradition as we host ICS at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, New York. The Watson Research Center is famous worldwide for its contributions to science and technology. Located just one hour away from midtown Manhattan and 5 miles east of the beautiful Hudson River, the facility is within easy access to a variety of cultural, historical, dining, entertainment and sport activities.

We have assembled a strong technical program, with three invited keynote speakers, 47 contributed papers, and a diverse poster section. The contributed papers were selected from a set of 191 submissions, through a rigorous review process conducted by our Program Committee and assisted by more than 250 external reviewers. Together, the PC members and external reviewers provided 814 reviews, or an average of significantly more than 4 reviews per paper. In spite of the large number of high quality submissions, only 47 papers were accepted for publication this year, a 24% acceptance rate. We want to express our appreciation to the large number of authors who submitted their work to 23 rd ACM International Conference on Supercomputing. Their contributions are the primary factor at making this conference a success.

True to the goals of ICS, the papers include contributions in the areas of architecture, system software and applications for supercomputing. Our keynote speakers, Mateo Valero, Don Grice and Ian Foster, provide a perspective on important recent developments affecting the supercomputing community. Finally, the technical program is complemented by two days of workshops and tutorials for further interaction and dissemination of relevant information which we added to enrich your experience at the 23 rd ACM International Conference on Supercomputing.
Components for Superconductor Digital-RF Predistorter (2009)

HYPRES is developing a superconductor digital-RF predistorter for direct linearization of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers. The predistorter utilizes proportional (P), squared integral (I) and differential (D) corrections. We report progress in the proportional component implementation. We designed, fabricated and tested a 4-to-16 decoder, a 16-to-6 memory matrix and a test pattern generator integrated on a 10 mm times 10 mm chip. We also designed a pipelined differentiator, the critical element of the differential component, and its combination with the decoder. The correct operation of a resettable counter to implement the integral predistorter function is reported. The design issues of the complete superconductor PID predistorter are discussed in brief.
Broadband optical pulse scattering from a glass fiber (2009)

We report results of scattering measurements using femtosecond pulses to collect a wealth of information in a single experiment. Potential issues with particle scattering, such as variation in particle size, were avoided by using 9 and 50 microm diameter glass fibers. We first establish an angular scattering intensity baseline, and we show that the spectral width of very short pulses leads to smoothing of the angular scattering pattern, consistent with continuous broadband illumination. We then measure the angular scattering pattern from short pulses with a spectrometer and reveal an underlying spectral periodicity of broadband scattered light that is consistent with narrowband cw scattering. Our experimental results compare well with existing theory. We show that such two-dimensional experimental data and derived analytic solution can provide robust characterization of scattering objects even in the presence of noise.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Random Linear Models: Generalizations and Performance Analysis (2006)

We consider the problem of estimating an unknown deterministic parameter vector in a linear model with a Gaussian model matrix. The matrix has a known mean and independent rows of equal covariance matrix. Our problem formulation also allows for some known columns within this model matrix. We derive the maximum likelihood (ML) estimator associated with this problem and show that it can be found using a simple line-search over a unimodal function which can be efficiently evaluated. We then analyze its asymptotic performance using the Cramer Rao bound. Finally, we discuss the similarity between the ML, total least squares (TLS), and regularized TLS estimators
Cell-density independent increased lymphocyte production and loss rates post-autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (2020)

Abstract Lymphocyte numbers need to be quite tightly regulated. It is generally assumed that lymphocyte production and survival rates increase homeostatically when lymphocyte numbers decrease. This widely-accepted concept is largely based on experiments in mice. In humans, lymphocyte reconstitution usually occurs very slowly, which challenges the idea that density dependent homeostasis aids recovery from lymphopenia. Using in vivo deuterium labelling, we quantified lymphocyte production and survival rates in patients who underwent an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT). We indeed found that the production rates of most T-cell and B-cell subsets in autoHSCT-patients were 2 to 8-times higher than in healthy controls. These increased lymphocyte production rates went hand in hand with a 3 to 9-fold increase in cell loss rates, and both rates did not normalize when cell numbers did. This challenges the concept of homeostatic regulation of lymphocyte production and survival rates in humans.
Separation of Mono-, Di-, and Triphosphate Nucleotides by Cytosine Substituted, Silica-Bound Sapphyrin Solid Supports (1996)

Abstract A cytosine-substituted sapphyrin when used as a silica gel bound HPLC solid support effectively separates guanosine 5′-mono-, di-, and triphosphate from a mixture of the mono-, di- and triphosphates of cytidine, uridine, adenosine, and guanosine, respectively under isocratic conditions at pH 7. In addition, using this same solid support, cytidine 5′-monophosphate, guanosine 5′-monophosphate, adenosine 5′-mono-phosphate and uridine 5′-monophosphate are all readily separated from each other under similar HPLC conditions.
Discovery of MK-4688 : an Efficient Inhibitor of the HDM2–p53 Protein–Protein Interaction (2021)

Identification of low-dose, low-molecular-weight, drug-like inhibitors of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is a challenging area of research. Despite the challenges, the therapeutic potential of PPI inhibition has driven significant efforts toward this goal. Adding to recent success in this area, we describe herein our efforts to optimize a novel purine carboxylic acid-derived inhibitor of the HDM2-p53 PPI into a series of low-projected dose inhibitors with overall favorable pharmacokinetic and physical properties. Ultimately, a strategy focused on leveraging known binding hot spots coupled with biostructural information to guide the design of conformationally constrained analogs and a focus on efficiency metrics led to the discovery of <b>MK-4688</b> (compound <b>56</b>), a highly potent, selective, and low-molecular-weight inhibitor suitable for clinical investigation.
Energy aware buffer aided cooperative relay selection (2014)

In this paper we evaluate an energy-aware relay selection mechanism which exploits channel state information and the availability of buffers at relays to perform flexible relaying based on a backpressure-driven optimization model. This model ensures the maximization of the cell throughput while maintains the stability of backlog queues. Performance evaluation is conducted using a System Level Simulator (SLS) which is fully compliant with IEEE 802.16m and supports various relaying scenarios. The Below Roof Top (BRT) relaying scenario is considered in this work. A holistic and flexible energy framework is implemented to capture the energy consumption of the cellular network nodes. The model maps the RF output power radiated at the antenna elements of each node including relays on the network to the total supply power of the node equipment. Two derivatives of the proposed mechanism, half-duplex and full-duplex are proposed and evaluated. Results of the two derivatives on BRT relaying scenario revealed noticeable increases for both cell throughput and system energy efficiency of the cell-edge users compared to the conventional relaying protocol and the non cooperative scheme.
Buchwald—Hartwig Aminations of Aryl Chlorides: A Practical Protocol Based on Commercially Available Pd(0)‐NHC Catalysts. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Formation of carbon–carbon bonds by ring closure of β-phenylselenocrotonates (1983)

Successive treatment of olefins with PhSeCl and silver crotonate affords β-phenylselenocrotonates which, on reaction with triphenyltin hydride in the presence of azobisisobutyronitrile, are converted into γ-lactones by a process that introduces a new carbon–carbon bond.
C-PAK: Correcting and Completing Variable-Length Prefix-Based Abbreviated Keystrokes (2022)

Improving keystroke savings is a long-term goal of text input research. We present a study into the design space of an abbreviated style of text input called C-PAK (Correcting and completing variable-length Prefix-based Abbreviated Keystrokes) for text entry on mobile devices. Given a variable length and potentially inaccurate input string (e.g., “li g t m”), C-PAK aims to expand it into a complete phrase (e.g., “looks good to me”). We develop a C-PAK prototype keyboard, PhraseWriter , based on a current state-of-the-art mobile keyboard consisting of 1.3 million n -grams and 164,000 words. Using computational simulations on a large dataset of realistic input text, we found that, in comparison to conventional single-word suggestions, PhraseWriter improves the maximum keystroke savings rate by 6.7% (from 46.3% to 49.4,), reduces the word error rate by 14.7%, and is particularly advantageous for common phrases. We conducted a lab study of novice user behavior and performance which found that users could quickly utilize the C-PAK style abbreviations implemented in PhraseWriter, achieving a higher keystroke savings rate than forward suggestions (25% vs. 16%). Furthermore, they intuitively and successfully abbreviated more with common phrases. However, users had a lower overall text entry rate due to their limited experience with the system (28.5 words per minute vs. 37.7). We outline future technical directions to improve C-PAK over the PhraseWriter baseline, and further opportunities to study the perceptual, cognitive, and physical action trade-offs that underlie the learning curve of C-PAK systems.
Search for Higgs boson decays into a pair of pseudoscalar particles in the $bb\mu\mu$ final state with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt s$=13 TeV (2021)

This paper presents a search for decays of the Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV into a pair of new pseudoscalar particles, H→aa, where one a-boson decays into a b-quark pair and the other into a muon pair. The search uses 139 fb-1 of proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV recorded between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. A narrow dimuon resonance is searched for in the invariant mass spectrum between 16 GeV and 62 GeV. The largest excess of events above the Standard Model backgrounds is observed at a dimuon invariant mass of 52 GeV and corresponds to a local (global) significance of 3.3σ (1.7σ). Upper limits at 95% confidence level are placed on the branching ratio of the Higgs boson to the bbμμ final state, B(H→aa→bbμμ), and are in the range 0.2–4.0×10-4, depending on the signal mass hypothesis.
Supercritical Density Modifications ofa Laser-Produced PlasmaDue to ResonantCavityFields (1979)

A laser plasma isproduced atthecenter ofacylindrical cavity while radio-frequency excitation ofmoderate powerissupplied neartheTMo1IandTE11 vacuum-mode frequencies. Probe andparti- clecollector measurements showdensity modification oftheplasma during itsdecay duetoresonances excited bytheRF source.The magnitudes ofthese density changes arefound tobenearandexceeding critical (wp=wRF)density.
Improving the performance of coded FDFR multi-antenna systems with turbo-decoding (2004)

A full-diversity full-rate (FDFR) design was developed recently, to enable an uncoded layered space-time (LST) system to achieve full-diversity (N/sub t/N/sub r/) and full-rate (N/sub t/ symbols per channel use) simultaneously, for any number of transmit antennas N/sub t/ and receive antennas N/sub r/. We investigate the performance of a coded FDFR system obtained by concatenating an error control coding (ECC) module and an FDFR module with a random interleaver in between. Iterative decoding is performed at the receiver. With R/sub c/ denoting the ECC rate, and d the minimum Hamming distance, an over-all transfer rate of R/sub c/N/sub t/ symbols per channel use and a full diversity order dN/sub t/N/sub r/ are achieved. Compared with coded V-BLAST, without sacrificing rate the coded FDFR system offers evident performance improvement when relatively weak codes are used. As N/sub r/ increases, even such a strong code as rate 1/2 turbo codes can benefit from FDFR. Specifically, 1.5 dB gain over coded V-BLAST is obtained in a 2 /spl times/ 2 antenna setup when convolutional codes or rate 3/4 turbo codes are used. 0.5 dB gain is offered in a 2 /spl times/ 5 setup when rate 1/2 turbo code is used. The price paid is increased complexity.
Options for TDM PON beyond 10G (2012)

This paper proposes an architecture to increase the downstream transmission of TDM PON from 10-Gbps to 40-Gbps. Challenges like chromatic dispersion tolerance, optical power budget, cost, and coexistence with legacy PONs are discussed.
Quantification of interface trap density above threshold voltage by gated hall method in InGaAs buried quantum well MOSFET (2013)

Low density of states (DOS) and typically high interface and border trap densities (D<;sub>it<;/sub>) in high mobility group III-V semiconductors provide difficulties in quantification of D<;sub>it<;/sub> near the conduction band edge. The trap response above the threshold voltage can be very fast, and conventional D<;sub>it<;/sub> extraction methods, based on capacitance/conductance response (CV methods) of MOS capacitors at frequencies <;1MHz, cannot distinguish conducting and trapped carriers. In addition, the CV methods have to deal with high dispersion in the accumulation region that makes it a difficult task to measure the true oxide capacitance C<;sub>ox<;/sub> value. Another implication of these properties of III-V interfaces is an ambiguity of determination of electron density in the MOSFET channel. Traditional evaluation of carrier density by integration of the C-V curve, gives significantly overestimated results even if corrected by D<;sub>it<;/sub>. It happens because the CV methods can distinguish free and trap carriers exclusively by their response kinetics, and therefore all trapped electrons responding faster than ~1μs are treated as free electrons. In this work, we are using a gated Hall method [1,2] which allows for direct measurement of free carrier density, and therefore, when combined with CV measurements or electrostatic modeling allows for accurate quantification of D <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">it</sub> spectrum. In addition, the former approach does not need knowledge of C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ox</sub> .
World Heart Federation Roadmap for Heart Failure (2019)

Global Heart is the official and primary publication of the World Heart Federation, offering a platform for the dissemination of knowledge on research, developments, trends, solutions and public health programmes in the area of cardiovascular disease. Global Heart welcomes research results, points of view and educational material on the prevention, treatment and control of cardiovascular disease with a special focus on low and middle-income countries which are facing the brunt of epidemiological transition.Global Heart strongly encourages authors to adhere to CONSORT, STROBE, STARD, and PRISMA guidelines for reporting of clinical trials, observational studies, diagnostic test accuracy papers, and systematic reviews or meta-analyses. Authors are required for submission to download and complete the appropriate Equator Network checklist: http://www.equator-network.org/.
Total Chemical Synthesis and Biological Activities of Glycosylated and Non‐Glycosylated Forms of the Chemokines CCL1 and Ser‐CCL1 (2014)

CCL1 is a naturally glycosylated chemokine protein that is secreted by activated T-cells and acts as a chemoattractant for monocytes. Originally, CCL1 was identified as a 73 amino acid protein having one N-glycosylation site, and a variant 74 residue non-glycosylated form, Ser-CCL1, has also been described. There are no systematic studies of the effect of glycosylation on the biological activities of either CCL1 or Ser-CCL1. Here we report the total chemical syntheses of both N-glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms of (Ser-)CCL1, by convergent native chemical ligation. We used an N-glycan isolated from hen egg yolk together with the Nbz linker for Fmoc chemistry solid phase synthesis of the glycopeptide-(α) thioester building block. Chemotaxis assays of these glycoproteins and the corresponding non-glycosylated proteins were carried out. The results were correlated with the chemical structures of the (glyco)protein molecules. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first investigations of the effect of glycosylation on the chemotactic activity of the chemokine (Ser-)CCL1 using homogeneous N-glycosylated protein molecules of defined covalent structure.
Effect of Manufacturing Conditions on Toughness in the Middle Carbon Martensitic Steels Produced by the Reheat - Quenching Process (2007)

Effect of processing conditions on toughness in the martensitic steels containing 0.22-0.24mass% carbon and single or multiple microalloying elements, such as Nb, V, and Ti, was studied. Ingots of these steels, prepared by a lab scale induction melting furnace, were reheated at various temperatures ranging from 1323 to 1473K, and hot rolled under the various conditions. Then, the obtained plates were heat treated at 1173K for 600s, followed by water quenching. The final microstructure was fully martensitic, with typical surface hardness of HB465 , and the tensile and yield strengths of 1450 and 1200MPa, respectively. Optical and electron microscopic observations, measurement of the prior austenite grain size and Charpy impact tests were carried out to understand effects of alloy compositions and processing conditions on microstructure and toughness. In the steels with Ti single addition, the prior austenite grain size was getting coarser with the higher reheating temperature and/or higher finishing temperature, due to the coarse microstructure before the final heat treatment. However, in the steels with Nb-Ti multiple additions, the prior austenite grain size was getting finer with the higher reheating temperature, since much amount of dissolved microalloying elements was precipitated as carbides or carbo-nitrides during the final heat treatment at 1173K This clearly shows the importance of precipitation control by selecting the optimum hot rolling condition before the final heat treatment Relationships between processing conditions, microstructural characteristics and toughness will be discussed in detail in terms of microstructural control through dissolution and precipitation of the microalloying elements during reheating and hot rolling.