gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Nickel-Based Anode Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2018)

Over the last decade UNM has been involved in the design of Platinum Group Metal-free (PGM-free) anode catalysts for the emerging field of Alkaline Membrane Fuel Cells (AMFC). Initial effort was directed towards catalysts for selective hydrazine oxidation. 1-3 These series materials were based on allowing Ni with oxophillic metal (Zn, La, etc.) to enhance hydrazine dehydrogenation step in contrast to N-N bond splitting as a base for much desired catalyst selectivity. 4, 5 These Ni-based electrocatalysts were further designed to include Ni alloys with refractive metals 6 (Mo, W, Cr) and demonstrated exceptional dehydrogenation selectivity, thus creating the base for the development hydrogen oxidation catalysts in alkaline media. The nickel-based electrocatalysts were synthesized as nanoparticles supported on various carbon blacks and modified carbon blacks with loadings of up to 50 % wt. (see Figure A &amp; B). Synthesized martials were comprehensively characterized by physical-chemical methods: XRD, BET, SEM, TEM and XPS. Electrochemical activity of the catalysts was studied with Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) technique and in a single membrane electrode assembly (MEA) AMFC. MEA design was optimized with respect to critical fabrication parameters such as: catalyst layer thickness (loading), catalyst-to-ionomer ratio, and catalyst deposition as Catalyst Coated Membrane (CCM) vs. gas-diffusion electrode (GDE). It was found that NiMo/C electrocatalyst has a mass activity similar to palladium supported on carbon. 7 The MEA performance obtained in H 2 /O 2 single MEA fuel cell tests using Tokuyama membrane and ionomer reached a peak power density higher than 120 mW.cm -2 at relative humidity (RH) of 70 %. When Ni 0.9 Cu 0.1 supported on Ketjen Black catalysts was used (see Figure C), a record high peak power density was demonstrated: up to 350 mW.cm -2 . These new nickel-transition metal alloy catalysts are being studied in detail by spectroscopy and modeled by DFT to establish relevant structure-to-property correlation and demonstrate their utility in H 2 /O 2 AEMFC. Acknowledgement: DOE-EERE FCTO, Incubator Program DE-EE0006962 “Development of PGM-free Catalysts for Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction in Alkaline Media” (Alexey Serov, PI). U. Martinez, et al., Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics , 14 (2012) 5512-5517 T. Sakamoto, et al., Journal of Power Sources , 234 (2013) 252-259 A. Serov et al., Angewandte Chemie, Int. Ed. , 126 (2014) 10419-10715 T. Sakamoto, et al., Journal of Power Sources , 247 (2014) 605-611 T. Sakamoto, et al., Electrochimica Acta , 163 (2015) 116-122 T. Asset et al., Electrochimica Acta , 215 (2016) 420-426 S. Kabir et al., Journal of Materials Chemistry A, (2017) DOI:10.1039/C7TA08718G Figure 1
The bone attachments of the medial collateral and posterior oblique ligaments are defined anatomically and radiographically (2020)

The bone attachments of the medial knee ligaments are located in relation to knee dimensions and osseous landmarks. These data facilitate repairs and reconstructions that can restore physiological laxity and stability patterns across the arc of knee flexion.
Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques (2016)

© Springer 2010 DOI 10.1007/s12240-010-0028-9 ArgoSpine NEWS&JOURNAL quarterly september 2010 Vol. 22 N°3 Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques: Spine and Peripheral Nerves Richard G. Fessler, Laligam Sekhar (Eds.) By J.-P. Steib The Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques: Spine and Peripheral Nerves edited by R. G. Lessler and L. Sekhar is a massive tome. 273 contributors, 1027 pages illustrated with numerous pictures, X-rays and drawings. The iconography is of very high quality with clear explanations. Various cross sections of the spine are shown with developments on the specificities of each area: occipitocervical junction, cervical spine, cervico-thoracic junction, thoracic and thoracolumbar spine. Each section describes precisely the anterior and posterior approaches as well as the traditional surgical techniques. It is mainly a neurosurgical book but it is for certain that an orthopaedic surgeon can learn many things from it. Once more the quality of the drawings is exceptional and thus this book will be useful for a junior surgeon to prepare a surgery or to understand some “tricks”. It will be valuable too for a senior surgeon as a tool to teach spine surgery. This book will find a place on the bookshelves of every spine surgeon. This book review was previously published in Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol (2007) 17: 425-429 and online (Springerlink) on 14 March 2007. DOI 10.1007/s00590-006-0184-y /+/ Atlas of Neurosurgical Techniques: Spine and Peripheral Nerves 2006, Hardcover 1020 p. 1270 figs. Euro (D) 299,95 CHF 474,00. Thieme Verlag New York, Stuttgart. ISBN : 3-13-127531-6.
Video Service Function Chaining with a Real-time Packet Reordering Circuit (2018)

There is a growing demand for more complex services in cloud computing. To provide high-intensity cloud services optimized for each user's purpose, we propose a technique for chaining image processing functions utilizing a CPU-field programmable gate array (FPGA) coupled server architecture. Packet reordering is essential for ensuring the correctness of processing images when we handle them via the cloud network. In order to ensure the correct order of image data and combine multiple image processing functions on the network, the most important requirement for server nodes is low latency. Our contribution is to present a real-time packet reordering circuit that provides ultra-low latency with a memory-saving architecture. We examined the efficiency of our idea with the histogram of oriented gradients as an offloaded image processing function. The results show that the proposed architecture can transfer image data encapsulated in packets about 2,370 times faster than the conventional CPU-FPGA architecture with external memories. Moreover, we confirmed the robustness of the proposed circuit in that the performance degrades less than 3.7% under the worst-case condition that 90 percent of the packets are randomly swapped at a 40-Gbps transfer rate.
Adaptive Antenna Array with weight and antenna space control (2020)

A typical adaptive antenna array based on weight control (AAA-W) with M antennas can suppress M–1 interference signals. In this paper, we propose AAA based on not only weight but also antenna spacing control (AAA-WS) and investigate the basic performance of AAA-WS under the line-of-sight. At first, we show that AAA-WS with two antennas (M=2) can sufficiently suppress more than two interference signals while the desired signal is enhanced. The inherent interference suppression capability of AAA-WS can be determined by the maximum antenna spacing and this fact is exhibited by analysis and Monte Carlo simulations. In addition, we will show that AAA-WS with two antennas can outperform AAA-W with more than two antennas. It is notable that the additional gain in AAAWS compared to AAA-W can be around 18 dB.
Measurement and Simulation of Turbulent Mixing in a Jet in Crossflow (2010)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has an important role in current research. While Large Eddy Simulations (LES) are now common practice in academia, Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations are still very common in industry. Using RANS allows faster simulations, however the choice of the turbulence model has a bigger impact on the results. An important influence of the turbulence modeling is the description of turbulent mixing. Experience has shown that often inaccurate simulations of combustion processes originate from an inadequate description of the mixing field. A simple turbulent flow and mixing configuration of major theoretical and practical importance is the jet in crossflow (JIC). Due to its good fuel-air mixing capability over a small distance JIC is favored by gas turbine manufacturers. As the design of the mixing process is the key to creating stable low NOx combustion systems, reliable predictive tools and detailed understanding of this basic system are still demanded. Therefore the current study has re-investigated the JIC configuration under engine relevant conditions both experimentally and numerically using the most sophisticated tools available today. The combination of planar Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) was used to measure the turbulent velocity and concentration fields as well as to determine the correlations of the Reynolds stress tensor ui′uj′ and the Reynolds flux vector ui′c′. Boundary conditions were determined using Laser Doppler Velocimetry. The comparisons between the measurements and simulation using RANS and LES showed that the mean velocity field was well described using the SST turbulence model. However, the Reynolds stresses and more so the Reynolds fluxes deviate substantially from the measured data. The systematic variation of the turbulent Schmidt number reveals the limited influence of this parameter indicating that the basic modeling is amiss. The results of the LES simulation using the standard Smagorinsky model were found to provide much better agreement with experiments also in the description of turbulent mixing.
Observing common spam in Twitter and email (2012)

Spam is pervasive across many types of electronic communication, including email, instant messaging, and social networks. To reach more users and increase financial gain, many spammers now use multiple content-sharing platforms---including online social networks---to disseminate spam. In this paper, we perform a joint analysis of spam in email and social networks. We use spam data from Yahoo's web-based email service and from Twitter to characterize the publishing behavior and effectiveness of spam advertised across both platforms. We show that email spammers that also advertise on Twitter tend to send more email spam than those advertising exclusively through email. Further, we use DNS lookup information to show that sending spam on both email and Twitter correlates with a significant increase in coverage: spam domains appearing on both platforms are looked up by an order of magnitude more networks than domains using just one of the two platforms.
Supplementary Data from Pleiotropic Mechanisms Drive Endocrine Resistance in the Three-Dimensional Bone Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Materials &amp; Methods and Figures 1-6. Sup. Figure 1. The effect of antiestrogens against ER+ BrCa spheroid cultures is attenuated by BMSCs. Sup. Figure 2. BMSCs attenuate the antiestrogen response of BrCa xenografts in vivo. Sup. Figure 3. BMSCs attenuate hormone-induced gene expression in cancer spheroids with varying effect on HR expression. Sup. Figure 4. BMSCs paracrine effect induces HT resistance in PrCa/BrCa 3D spheroids via IL-6 secretion or in IL-6-independent manner. Sup. Figure 5. Transcriptional signatures of genes downregulated (log2FC&lt; -1) or upregulated (log2FC &gt; 1) in MCF7 spheroids cocultured (8 days) with HS5 (vs. monoculture) do not correlate with relapse-free survival of 342 ER-negative BrCa patients (stratified using the upper tertile of the respective signature as cutoff). Sup. Figure 6. BrCa spheroids in coculture with BMSC acquire increased dependence on growth factor receptor and downstream signaling.&lt;/p&gt;
Quantifying Skin Variation for Underbalanced Perforating (2008)

Abstract Reliable estimates of post perforation damage skin are important for designing remedial solutions and productivity enhancement operations. Underbalanced perforating (UBP), which is widely used in well completions, induces transient fluid flow that provides an opportunity for quantifying the formation parameters. However, the skin factor can rarely be estimated reliably from pressure data acquired in the current UBP operations if without flowing on surface in sufficient time. The reasons are that (a) the flow rate after an UBP continuously varies during the surge; (b) the skin factor may decrease substantially during the flow period because the mud cake, invaded filtrates, and particulate pore plugging are progressively removed at the vicinity of the sandface region; (c) the crashed layer of the perforation tunnels is cleaned up. The existing pressure transient analysis methods to determine the skin were almost exclusively developed with an assumption that the skin factor remains constant during a test. The conventional analyses do not represent the underlying physics of the surge flow and lead to loss of useful information from the skin variations. Few SPE papers have investigated the variable skin condition with a simple hyperbolic function for a constant rate drawdown. The constant rate drawdown assumption is not suitable for the UBP as the flow rate varies along with the changes in the skin (during clean-up) and the wellbore pressures. We present a general formula to handle the skin variation resulting from the UBP and other surge flow tests. This formula extends the applications of a classic convolution algorithm to include variations in the skin and flow rates. New analytical solutions have been derived for both homogeneous and heterogeneous reservoirs based on the general convolution formula. The new solutions are applied to an integrated interpretation workflow to invert the skin variation as well as other formation parameters from pressure measurements. A field example, where both the skin and flow rate vary, demonstrates a successful application of the new solutions and interpretation methodology. The inferred skin variation allows a complete and detailed quantification of the perforation quality and cleanup efficiency. The results of this work enable the implement of better strategies for well completions and production optimization as well as correct inputs of nodal analysis.
Publisher’s Note: Randomized Benchmarking and Process Tomography for Gate Errors in a Solid-State Qubit [Phys. Rev. Lett.102, 090502 (2009)] (2009)

Received 11 March 2009DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.119901©2009 American Physical Society
Novel segregation patterns of infecting-mutant genotypes in plate complementation tests among amber mutants of bacteriophage BF23 (1988)

Amber mutants of bacteriophage BF23 were classified into two functional groups, types I and II, by the yields of the infecting-mutant genotypes in plate complementation tests. Type I mutants produced their genotypes at levels more than 20% of the total progeny phages, and type II mutants did so at levels of less than 5%. Comparison of the results of plate complementation tests with those of extract complementation tests revealed that all the type I mutants were defective in the tail formation, while most type II mutants were defective in the formation of either mature heads (type IIa) or both mature heads and tails (type IIb). Since in extract complementation tests the activated phages are always of genotypes corresponding to mutations defective in only the tail formation, the plate complementation test is comparable with the extract complementation test when judged on the basis of the yield of the mutant genotypes. Of 29 complementation groups, 8 type I, 14 type IIa, and 5 type IIb mutants were identified. Previously, amber mutations of BF23 were mapped on four genetic segments. These segments were ordered in one linkage map by crosses between deletion and amber mutants.
Figure S3 from An Orally Available Tubulin Inhibitor, VERU-111, Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumor Growth and Metastasis and Bypasses Taxane Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3 shows that the IC50 dose of VERU-111 inhibits wound healing of TNBC cells in a scratch wound healing assay. The scratch assay was repeated in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells at 8 nM concentration. (A) Representative images of MDA-MB-231 cells treated with 8 nM of VERU-111 at 12h and 24h post-scratch as compared to untreated cells. (B) Representative images of MDA-MB-468 cells treated with 8 nM of VERU-111 at 48h and 96h post-scratch as compared to untreated cells. Blue lines indicate the wound edges and the bar graphs show the percent relative wound density (wound fill-in) at each time point. (C) The concentration-dependent effect of VERU-111 on MDA-MB-231 cell wound healing over time was measured following wounding with the WoundMaker tool using the IncuCyte S3 live cell imager. Data were collected every 2 h and analyzed using the cell migration algorithm. Exposure to 8, 12 or 16 nM of VERU-111 inhibits the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. All data are presented as the grand mean {plus minus} SEM of three independent experiments.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: High Turnover Number and Rapid, Room‐Temperature Amination of Chloroarenes Using Saturated Carbene Ligands. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Correlation of a generation-recombination center with a deep level trap in GaN (2015)

We report on the identification of a deep level trap centre which contributes to generation-recombination noise. A n-GaN epilayer, grown by MOCVD on sapphire, was measured by deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and noise spectroscopy. DLTS found 3 well documented deep levels at Ec − 0.26 eV, Ec − 0.59 eV, and Ec − 0.71 eV. The noise spectroscopy identified a generation recombination centre at Ec − 0.65 ± 0.1 eV with a recombination lifetime of 65 μs at 300 K. This level is considered to be the same as the one at Ec − 0.59 eV measured from DLTS, as they have similar trap densities and capture cross section. This result shows that some deep levels contribute to noise generation in GaN materials.
Functionalized Nanocontainers as Dual Magnetic and Optical Probes for Molecular Imaging Applications (2008)

A dual-probe optical and magnetic imaging system has been synthesized out of nanometer-sized zeolite L crystals. The zeolite channels contain the optically emitting green pyronine molecules which can be used as fluorescent labels for optical imaging. The surface has been modified by a gadolinium complex which introduces a probe for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The combination of the excellent three-dimensional spatial resolution of MRI with the high sensitivity of optical imaging should lead to a system which overcomes the shortcomings of each individual technology. The system has been characterized by fluorescence microscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion (NMRD) spectroscopy. The results obtained show that the probes open up interesting possibilities for imaging based on multiple read outs.
Design of Multistage Counter-Current Liquid–Liquid Extraction for Small-Scale Applications (2017)

Multistage counter-current liquid–liquid extraction (MCCE) is a common unit operation in the chemical industry, but the technique is often difficult to use at laboratory and small production scales, because most MCCE systems are gravity-driven and require a large volume (∼100 mL). We present a new MCCE design that integrates segmented flow mixing and membrane-based phase separators to achieve equilibrium extraction at each stage. Multichannel peristaltic pumps transfer fluids from stage to stage in a counter-current manner, rather than dedicated pumps at each stage. A self-tuning pressure control element incorporated into each separator allows robust operation, even in the presence of variation between stages and imprecise pumping. Experimental data from two classical ternary case studies (toluene–acetone–water and ethyl acetate–acetic acid–water) compare well to ASPEN Plus simulations, showing that the extraction efficiency is ∼100%, regardless of the number of stages. Finally, we demonstrate the efficiency of the small-scale MCCE system (∼2 mL/stage) with an industrial example of recovery of THF and ethyl acetate from methanol, ethanol, iso-butanol, and tert-butanol mixtures.
Infection of Newborn Piglets with Bordetella pertussis : a New Model for Pertussis (2005)

Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis or whooping cough. This bacterium is a human pathogen that under experimental conditions also infects selected rodents and primates. Here, we show for the first time that newborn piglets can be infected with B. pertussis when it is delivered intrapulmonarily. Infected piglets displayed fever and respiratory symptoms, such as nasal discharge, nonparoxysmal coughing, and breathing difficulties. Eventually, all infected animals developed severe bronchopneumonia, which in some cases was combined with a fibrinous pleuritits. Immunohistochemical staining revealed the presence of large numbers of B. pertussis cells within airways, adhering to the epithelial lining or phagocytosed by macrophages and neutrophils. Viable bacteria were reisolated from bronchoalveolar lavages and lung lesions for more than 10 days postinfection. The systemic presence of pertussis toxin was shown by hypoglycemia, lymphocytosis, and induction of a clustered pattern of CHO cells by serum and bronchoalveolar lavage samples. Thus, a large-animal model for pertussis was developed, which should complement existing rodent models for identifying the immune responses relevant to the design of new vaccines. In particular, this model should help researchers analyze the roles of both maternal and mucosal immunity in disease protection against pertussis and should ultimately assist in the design of new vaccines for early life protection.
Abstract 4113: Role of GP88 (Progranulin) in the proliferation and survival of non small cell lung carcinoma (2010)

Abstract In 2009, 219,000 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer in the US and 159,000 died of the disease. It has been widely reported that results of standard treatment in lung cancer are poor except for the most localized cancers, thereby emphasizing the need to discover novel targets of lung cancer for the development of novel therapies and diagnosis. In the present study, we investigated the role of the autocrine growth and survival factor GP88. GP88 (also known as Progranulin) is an 88kDa glycoprotein that has been shown to play a critical role in the proliferation and survival of breast cancer. Pathological studies with breast cancer cases in correlation with clinical outcome data have also shown that GP88 expression was associated in invasive ductal carcinoma with increased risk of recurrence. In the present study, we examined the role of GP88 in non small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Examination of GP88 protein expression by immunohistochemistry using Oncostain 88 kit was carried out with formalin fixed paraffin embedded sections of lung cancer cases. Results showed that non small cell lung carcinoma, adenocarcinoma and squamous carcinoma stained positive for GP88 whereas small cell carcinoma sections were mostly negative. In addition, normal lung tissues did not express GP88. Based on this observation, expression and action of GP88 in NSCLC was examined using representative cell lines. We show here that GP88 stimulated proliferation and survival of A549 and H1299 cell lines. GP88 expression was upregulated in cells that were made resistant to cytotoxic drugs such as taxol and velcade. Inhibition of GP88 expression by SiRNA or GP88 action by treating the cells with AG1, an anti-GP88 monoclonal antibody resulted in an inhibition of cell migration and proliferation of these drug resistant cells and increased response to cytotoxic drugs. Based on these results, studies were carried out to examine the effect of AG1 antibody on migration and tumor formation of A549 and H1299 cells in vitro and in vivo. Our data that will be presented here point out that GP88 is a novel therapeutic target for NSCLC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4113.