gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Oral IRAK-4 Inhibitor CA-4948 Is Blood-Brain Barrier Penetrant and Has Single-Agent Activity against CNS Lymphoma and Melanoma Brain Metastases (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;An ongoing challenge in cancer is the management of primary and metastatic brain malignancies. This is partly due to restrictions of the blood-brain barrier and their unique microenvironment. These challenges are most evident in cancers such as lymphoma and melanoma, which are typically responsive to treatment in systemic locations but resistant when established in the brain. We propose interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK-4) as a potential target across these diseases and describe the activity and mechanism of oral IRAK-4 inhibitor CA-4948.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Human primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) and melanoma brain metastases (MBM) samples were analyzed for expression of IRAK-4 and downstream transcription pathways. We next determined the central nervous system (CNS) applicability of CA-4948 in naïve and tumor-bearing mice using models of PCNSL and MBM. The mechanistic effect on tumors and the tumor microenvironment was then analyzed.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Human PCNSL and MBM have high expression of IRAK-4, IRAK-1, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). This increase in inflammation results in reflexive inhibitory signaling. Similar profiles are observed in immunocompetent murine models. Treatment of tumor-bearing animals with CA-4948 results in the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling in addition to decreased NF-κB. These intracellular changes are associated with a survival advantage.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;IRAK-4 is an attractive target in PCNSL and MBM. The inhibition of IRAK-4 with CA-4948 downregulates the expression of important transcription factors involved in tumor growth and proliferation. CA-4948 is currently being investigated in clinical trials for relapsed and refractory lymphoma and warrants further translation into PCNSL and MBM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Selective Synthesis of Fluorinated Furan Derivatives via AgNO3-Catalyzed Activation of an Electronically Deficient Triple Bond (2007)

The transition metal-catalyzed direct activation of electron deficient triple bonds was investigated by using the combined electron withdrawing effects of two fluorine atoms to modulate the electronic density of the triple bond. With use of catalytic amounts of AgNO3 (10 mol %) the synthesis of substituted 3,3-difluoro-4,5-dihydrofurans from gem-difluorohomopropargyl alcohols occurred in excellent NMR yields. Treatment of these dihydrofurans with SiO2 or Pd/H2 yielded the corresponding 3-fluorinated furans and 3,3-difluorotetrahydrofurans.
Associations of catalase gene polymorphisms with bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in postmenopausal women (2007)

These findings indicate that the +22348C-->T polymorphism and HT4 of CAT may be useful genetic markers for bone metabolism.
Renal Pelvic Urothelial Carcinoma With Vena Caval Thrombus Mimicking Renal Cell Carcinoma (2014)

A 61-year-old man presented with a right renal mass with a vena caval thrombus on computed tomography that was consistent with renal cell carcinoma. The results of routine laboratory examinations and urinalysis were within normal limits. Preoperative planning was critical owing to the presence of the vena caval thrombus. A radical nephrectomy, vena caval thrombectomy, and regional lymphadenectomy were done. The pathologic report was consistent with a high-grade, invasive urothelial carcinoma, with sarcomatoid differentiation involving the renal vein and inferior vena cava (Stage IV, T4N0M0). Thus, this was a rare case of upper tract urothelial carcinoma. Adjuvant chemotherapy with the methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, cisplatinum regimen is scheduled. To our knowledge, this is the first report in Korea of upper tract urothelial carcinoma of the sarcomatoid type with a vena caval thrombus.
Fabrication and characteristics of high‐VOC single‐crystalline Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells (2020)

Abstract Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 single‐crystal solar cells with open‐circuit voltages reaching 450 mV are demonstrated. The key differences in performance between high‐ and low‐voltage cells are analyzed and compared with state‐of‐the‐art thin film devices. Copper‐poor absorbers of two different compositions were evaluated as a function of surface treatment. Temperature‐dependent JV measurements were used to assess the efficacy of interface passivation. Crystals with lower copper content are shown to require more aggressive chemical treatments to achieve the maximal benefits than does their higher‐Cu counterparts. Hole concentration is confirmed via Hall characterization, with smaller densities corresponding to lower Cu concentration. In conjunction with poor lifetimes, these carrier densities are shown to limit collection at long wavelength, which reduces current in single‐crystal devices. The decrease in Cu concentration is also shown to increase the bandgap from 0.98 to 1.03 eV while maintaining the same level of subbandgap absorption. Postfabrication device annealing was shown to benefit devices with higher Cu/Zn + Sn ratios but hinder devices further deviating from stoichiometry, which is attributed to pn‐junction degradation.
The role of seaweed bioactives in the control of digestion: implications for obesity treatments (2015)

Seaweeds are an underutilised nutritional resource that could not only compliment the current western diet but potentially bring additional health benefits over and above their nutritional value. There are four groups of seaweed algae; green algae (Chlorophyceae), red algae (Rhodophycae), blue-green algae (Cyanophyceae) and brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Seaweeds are rich in bioactive components including polysaccharides and polyphenols. Polysaccharides content, such as fucoidan, laminarin, as well as alginate is generally high in brown seaweeds which are also a source of polyphenols such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, phlorotannin, stilbenes and lignans. These components have been shown to reduce the activity of digestive enzymes, modulating enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pepsin and lipase. This review discusses the effect of several of these components on the digestive processes within the gastrointestinal tract; focusing on the effect of alginate on pancreatic lipase activity and its potential health benefits. Concluding that there is evidence to suggest alginate has the potential to be used as an obesity treatment, however, further in vivo research is required and an effective delivery method for alginate must be designed.
Status of 1200V 4H-SiC Power DMOSFETs (2007)

The commercial production of 1200 V 4H-SiC power MOSFETs is quickly becoming feasible in light of advances made in 4H-SiC substrate quality, improvements made in epitaxy, investigations of optimum device deign, advances made in increasing channel mobility with nitridation annealing, and optimization of device fabrication processes. These devices promise to enhance the efficiency of power handling circuits that currently rely on Si-based IGBTs. We routinely fabricate 1200 V power DMOSFETs with specific on-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on(sp)</sub> ) of 10 mOmega-cm<sup>2</sup> that show sub-microamps of leakage current at 1200 V with breakdown at greater than 1500 V. 1200V 4H-SiC DMOSFETs with active areas of 0.10 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> or 0.168 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> have been demonstrated for nominal current ratings of 10 A and 20 A, respectively.
Oxide Films for RF Applications (2008)

Several types of oxide superlattice structures were grown by MBE method and characterized by x-ray diffraction and TEM. SrmTiO2+m (m=2,3,4, and 5) phases having one TiO2 layer sandwiched between m SrO layers were grown using molecular beam epitaxy. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy confirmed the artificially layered structures. Locally nonstoichiometric superlattices (SrO)m(TiO2)m (m from 2 to 33) inter-reacted during growth to form highly-crystalline epitaxial SrTiO3. The relaxation of Ba0.6 Sr0.4TiO3 films grown on SrTiO3(III) substrates by pulsed laser deposition method was studied using transmission electron microscopy. It was observed that misfit dislocations form a triangular network in (III)-oriented films with dislocation lines in &lt;11-2&gt; directions and the Burgers vector are of a&lt;1-10&gt; type. This observation is not consistent with the accepted slip system &lt;100&gt;{010}. Instead, we proposed that &lt;110&gt;{1-10} slip system is active in heteroepitaxy in the studied material system.
Prognostic utility of CCP score in men with prostate cancer after primary external beam radiation therapy. (2013)

47 Background: Accurate risk stratification improves decision making in localized prostate cancer. The CCP score, a prognostic RNA signature based on the average expression level of 31 cell cycle progression (CCP) genes, was developed to aid in this task. Previously, the CCP score was shown to be predictive of biochemical recurrence (BCR) after prostatectomy, and prostate cancer specific mortality in men undergoing observation. However, the value of CCP score in men undergoing primary electron beam radiation therapy (EBRT) was untested. Methods: The CCP score was derived retrospectively from the diagnostic biopsy of 141 patients treated with EBRT at the Durham VA medical Center. Inclusion criteria were disease diagnosis from 1991 to 2006 and available biopsy tissue. Approximately half of the cohort was African-American. Outcome was time from EBRT to BCR using Phoenix definition, and median follow-up for patients without BCR was 4.8 years. Association with outcome was evaluated by CoxPH survival analysis and likelihood ratio tests. Results: Patient data were censored at 5-years of follow-up and 19 patients (13%) had BCR. The median CCP score was 0.12(IQR -0.43 to 0.66). In univariable analysis, CCP score was a significant prognostic variable (p-value = 0.0017). The hazard ratio (HR) for BCR was 2.55 (95% CI (1.43, 4.55)) for a one-unit increase in CCP score (equivalent to a doubling of gene expression). In a predefined multivariable analysis that included Gleason score, PSA, and percent positive cores, the HR for CCP changed only marginally and remained significant (HR per CCP unit 2.09 (95% CI (1.05, 4.18), p-value = 0.035), indicating that CCP provides prognostic information that is not provided by standard clinical parameters. Further adjustment for hormonal therapy or radiation dose did not materially alter this association. The score was also associated with prostate cancer specific mortality. There was no evidence for interaction between CCP and any clinical variable, including ethnicity. Conclusions: In a cohort of men treated with EBRT, the CCP score was significantly associated with outcome and provided prognostic information beyond what was available from clinical parameters. If validated in a larger cohort, CCP score could be used to select high-risk men undergoing EBRT who may need combination therapy for their clinically localized prostate cancer.
Zero Additional Process, Local Charge Trap, Embedded Flash Memory with Drain-Side Assisted Erase Scheme Using Minimum Channel Length/Width Standard Complemental Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Single Transistor Cell (2012)

This paper proposes for the first time the completely complemental metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) compatible embedded flash memory with the small cell size as well as the lowest process cost. The single transistor cell with the minimum channel length and width realizes the ideal smallest cell. The non-volatile memory operation is realized with locally injected electrons at the drain-edge by the hot electron injection. This paper also proposes the novel forward-bias assisted erase. The proposed memory is experimentally demonstrated with the 65 nm standard CMOS process without additional process or mask. The cell size is 10F 2 with the 65 nm CMOS logic design rule. The excellent reliability such as 100-times program/erase endurance, 10-year data retention and high immunity to the read/program/erase disturb is also experimentally demonstrated. The proposed cell is the ideal candidate for the code-storage embedded non-volatile memories in system-on-chip and microcontroller unit.
Driving a Superconductor to Insulator Transition with Random Gauge Fields (2016)

Typically the disorder that alters the interference of particle waves to produce Anderson localization is potential scattering from randomly placed impurities. Here we show that disorder in the form of random gauge fields that act directly on particle phases can also drive localization. We present evidence of a superfluid bose glass to insulator transition at a critical level of this gauge field disorder in a nano-patterned array of amorphous Bi islands. This transition shows signs of metallic transport near the critical point characterized by a resistance , indicative of a quantum phase transition. The critical disorder depends on interisland coupling in agreement with recent Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We discuss how this disorder tuned SIT differs from the common frustration tuned SIT that also occurs in magnetic fields. Its discovery enables new high fidelity comparisons between theoretical and experimental studies of disorder effects on quantum critical systems.
A Secure Smart-Metering Protocol Over Power-Line Communication (2011)

A smart-metering system is a system that meters electricity, gas, and water consumption and manages their supply by controlling measuring devices remotely. Power-line communication (PLC) does not require a separate communication line and can be easily installed by utilizing power-line infrastructure. PLC also allows users to easily connect measuring devices to the PLC network by plugging the power cord into an electrical outlet. Therefore, a smart-metering system over PLC has been considered as one of the most appropriate technologies for meter reading and automatic control, which are essential in realization of a smart grid. We propose a secure smart-metering protocol including: 1) key materials generation and provisioning to devices without exposure; 2) initialization to authenticate devices in the network and share keys between devices before exchanging data, (3) secure transmission of meter-reading data, and 4) revocation management to handle discarded devices from the network. Especially, our protocol provides strong authentication of devices and data: It prevents a single point of failure by adopting secret sharing through multiple certificate authorities. It also reduces the risk of denial-of-service attacks on the server by hop-by-hop authentication for data transmitted from terminal nodes to the server.
Antidicer RNAse activity of monocyte chemotactic protein-induced protein-1 is critical for inducing angiogenesis (2013)

Inflammatory angiogenesis involves the induction of a novel gene ZC3H12A encoding monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1)-induced protein-1 (MCPIP1) that has deubiquitinase and antidicer RNAse activities. If and how these enzymatic activities of MCPIP1 mediate the biological functions of MCPIP1 are unknown. Present studies with human umbilical vein endothelial cells suggest that MCPIP-induced angiogenesis is mediated via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and silent information regulator (SIRT-1) induction that results in the inhibition of angiogenesis inhibitor thrombospondin-1. MCPIP1 expression inhibited the production of the antiangiogenic microRNA (miR)-20b and -34a that repress the translation of HIF-1α and SIRT-1, respectively. The RNase-dead MCPIP mutant D141N not only did not induce angiogenesis but also failed to inhibit the production of miR-20b and -34a suggesting that the antidicer RNase activity of MCPIP1 is involved in MCPIP-mediated angiogenesis. Mimetics of miR-20b and -34a inhibited MCPIP1-induced angiogenesis confirming that MCPIP1 suppresses the biogenesis of miR-20b and -34a. Furthermore, our results indicate that MCPIP expression induces nuclear translocation of HIF-1α. We show that under hypoxia angiogenesis is mediated via induction of MCPIP1 and under normoxia, in vitro, MCPIP deubiquitinates ubiquitinated HIF-1α and the stabilized HIF-1α enters the nucleus to promote the transcription of its target genes, cyclooxygenase-2 and VEGF, suggesting that the deubiquitinase activity of MCPIP may also promote angiogenesis. The present results show for the first time that the antidicer RNase activity of MCPIP1 is critical in mediating a biological function of MCPIP, namely angiogenesis.
Scalable kernels for graphs with continuous attributes (2013)

While graphs with continuous node attributes arise in many applications, state-of-the-art graph kernels for comparing continuous-attributed graphs suffer from a high runtime complexity. For instance, the popular shortest path kernel scales as O(n<sup>4</sup>), where n is the number of nodes. In this paper, we present a class of graph kernels with computational complexity O(n <sup>2</sup>(m+log n+δ<sup>2</sup> +d)), where is the graph diameter, m is the number of edges, and d is the dimension of the node attributes. Due to the sparsity and small diameter of real-world graphs, these kernels typically scale comfortably to large graphs. In our experiments, the presented kernels outperform state-of-the-art kernels in terms of speed and accuracy on classification benchmark datasets.
RSNA QIBA ultrasound shear wave speed Phase II phantom study in viscoelastic media (2015)

Using ultrasonic shear wave speed (SWS) estimates has become popular to noninvasively evaluate liver fibrosis, but significant inter-system variability in liver SWS measurements can preclude meaningful comparison of measurements performed with different systems. The RSNA Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) ultrasound SWS committee has been developing elastic and viscoelastic (VE) phantoms to evaluate system dependencies of SWS estimates. The objective of this study is to compare SWS measurements between commercially-available systems using phantoms that have viscoelastic properties similar to those observed in normal and fibrotic liver. CIRS, Inc. fabricated three phantoms using a proprietary oil-water emulsion infused in a Zerdine <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> hydrogel that were matched in viscoelastic behavior to healthy and fibrotic human liver data. Phantoms were measured at academic, clinical, government and vendor sites using different systems with curvilinear arrays at multiple focal depths (3.0, 4.5 & 7.0 cm). The results of this study show that current-generation ultrasound SWS measurement systems are able to differentiate viscoelastic materials that span healthy to fibrotic liver. The deepest focal depth (7.0 cm) yielded the greatest inter-system variability for each phantom (maximum of 17.7%) as evaluated by IQR. Inter-system variability was consistent across all 3 phantoms and was not a function of stiffness. Median SWS estimates for the greatest outlier system for each phantom/focal depth combination ranged from 12.7–17.6%. Future efforts will include performing more robust statistical analyses of these data, comparing these phantom data trends with viscoelastic digital phantom data, providing vendors with study site data to refine their systems to have more consistent measurements, and integrating these data into the QIBA ultrasound shear wave speed measurement profile.
Applying a QoS-based fleet dimension method to reduce fleet emissions (2013)

Car sharing is a successful commercial application based on the collaborative consumption model. In this paper, we apply a recently proposed idea from a car sharing scheme to solve a fleet dimension problem emerging in utilities with large vehicle fleets. Within this framework, EVs are used to replace Internal Combustion Engine Vehicles (ICEVs) to reduce fleet pollutants. A small number of additional ICE vehicles are purchased to service long trips. The number of such vehicles are determined using a queueing model. Our studies show that pollutants can be significantly reduced while still providing a good quality of service (QoS) for staff to access vehicles.
Plastid Biotechnology: Food, Fuel, and Medicine for the 21st Century (2011)

Originating from endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, plastids are highly polyploid and have prokaryotic-like transcription and translation machineries. The majority of plastid functions is carried out not from plastid encoded genes but from ~3,000 nuclear genes that target proteins to plastids. The compact 125-kb to 155-kb plastid genome (ptDNA) encodes less than one hundred proteins. However, both plastid and nuclear-encoded traits can be modified by plastid genome engineering. Furthermore, novel genes and operons may be incorporated from heterologous sources to expand the repertoire of biosynthetic pathways in plants. In this review, background is provided on the plastid genetic system and how to obtain genetically uniform plants from plastid transformation. We focus on the principles of plastome engineering and address transgene design enabling biotechnological applications. We assess the state of plastome engineering in the microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtiii, the bryophytes Physcomitrella patens and Marchantia polymorpha, and flowering plants. In the flowering plant group, plastid transformation is routine only in tobacco, tomato, petunia, potato, soybean, lettuce and cabbage. Future applications of plastid genome manipulation are emphasized in the discussion of potential contributions to food security, biofuel production and plant-based biopharmaceutical or industrial enzyme manufacturing.
Crystallinity Improvement of Ferroelectric BiFeO3 Thin Film by Oxygen Radical Treatment (2015)

Oxygen radical treatment was applied to sputter-deposited BiFeO 3 (BFO) thin film which is expected to be used for ferroelectric memories, sensors and solar cells. The oxygen radicals were produced by a microwave excited high-density Kr/O 2 plasma. It was found from X-ray diffraction (XRD) that the crystallization temperature of the BFO film could be reduced to 350 °C by applying the oxygen radical treatment before the annealing. The (110) peak area which shows the crystallinity of BFO was by 4 times than that of the BFO film annealed at 500 °C without the oxygen radical treatment. From results of XRD and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), the stoichiometry was dramatically improved and this suggests that the oxygen radical treatment effectively creates the nucleation cites of BiFeO 3 and reduces oxygen vacancy defects.
Supplementary Figures 1-8 from Prognostic PET <sup>18</sup>F-FDG Uptake Imaging Features Are Associated with Major Oncogenomic Alterations in Patients with Resected Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.4MB, Supplement 1: External data set cohort characteristics Supplement 2: Study cohort metagenes significantly associated with FDG uptake features Supplement 3: DAVID and GSEA enrichment analysis for metagenes in study cohort Supplement 4: Predicted FDG uptake features gene enrichment analysis Supplement 5: Kaplan Meier curves for single genes associated with FDG uptake features and survival Supplement 6: Survival analysis incorporating imaging features with known variables of prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer Supplement 7: IPA networks for SUVmax and the compound model Supplement 8: SUVmax associations with selected glycolytic genes by SAM!&lt;/p&gt;