gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of bio‐filler derived from seashell wastes and its effect on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardant properties of ABS composites (2015)

The seashell is mainly composed of calcium carbonate and organic materials which, when decompose, produce harmful gases with significant odor and toxicity. Therefore, their wastes are considered to be a problem and could be hazardous to human. To overcome this problem, this study proposed to use grinded seashell wastes (SS) as a bio‐filler to reinforce acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene copolymer (ABS). Commercial calcium carbonate, CaCO 3 (CC) was also used to compare the results. The filler and their composites were characterized by X‐ray Fluorescence (XRF), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and Cone Calorimeter. DMA data show that the addition of low amounts of seashell bio‐filler to ABS increases the storage modulus ( E ′). The glass transition temperature ( T g ) values are shifted to higher temperature. On the other hand, the ABS/SS composite shows a higher tensile strength than CC filled ABS. TGA results exhibit that there is an enhancement in the thermal stability when calcium carbonate from seashell is added. Good flame retardant properties were achieved with increasing the bio‐filler content. According to XRD and FT‐IR results of the char residues after cone calorimetric tests, the compact char layer acts as a barrier to oxygen and heat transfer, preventing the escape of polymer fragments to the gas phase, and decreasing the heat release rate during combustion. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:2788–2797, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effect of Downhole Pressure Conditions on High-Power Laser Perforation (2005)

Researchers at Gas Technology Institute (GTI) have been exploring the use of high power laser energy as a non-damaging alternative to conventional explosive perforation methods. All previous laser/rock interaction tests were performed on samples in the lab at atmospheric pressure. To determine the effect of downhole pressure conditions, a sophisticated tri-axial cell was designed and tested. For the first time, Berea sandstone, limestone and clad core samples were lased under various combinations of confining, axial and pore pressures. Clad core samples consisted of steel cemented to rock in an effort to represent material penetrated in a cased hole. The results of this experiment will assist in the development of a downhole laser perforation prototype tool.In the past, several combinations of laser and rock variables were investigated at standard conditions and reported in the literature. More recent experiments determined the technical feasibility of laser perforation with a 5.34 kW Ytterbium-doped multiclad fiber laser exposed to multiple samples of rock, cement and steel. The fiber laser was capable of penetrating these materials under a variety of conditions, to an appropriate depth, and with reasonable energy requirements. It was determined that fiber lasers are capable of cutting rock without causing damage to flow properties. Furthermore, the laser perforation resulted in permeability improvements on the exposed rock surface.This paper will discuss the design and development of a customized laser pressure cell; experimental design and procedures, and the resulting data on pressure-charged samples exposed to the laser beam. An analysis will provide the resulting effect of downhole pressure conditions on the laser/rock interaction process.
Prediction Error based Interaction Measure for Control Configuration Selection in Linear and Nonlinear Systems (2018)

This paper introduces an Interaction Measure named Prediction Error Index Array (PEIA), which can be applied both to linear and non-linear systems. The linear PEIA is constructed as an extension of previous results using the H2-norm. The non-linear PEIA is an extension for systems represented by Volterra series. Additionally, the paper gives an interpretation of both linear and nonlinear PEIA based on the prediction error of the structurally reduced model which results from the control configuration selection. Examples illustrate and compare the interaction measure with established methodologies, like the Relative Gain Array, participation matrix, and Hankel Interaction Index array.
Dairy-Derived Emulsifiers in Infant Formula Show Marginal Effects on the Plasma Lipid Profile and Brain Structure in Preterm Piglets Relative to Soy Lecithin (2021)

Breastfed infants have higher intestinal lipid absorption and neurodevelopmental outcomes compared to formula-fed infants, which may relate to a different surface layer structure of fat globules in infant formula. This study investigated if dairy-derived emulsifiers increased lipid absorption and neurodevelopment relative to soy lecithin in newborn preterm piglets. Piglets received a formula diet containing soy lecithin (SL) or whey protein concentrate enriched in extracellular vesicles (WPC-A-EV) or phospholipids (WPC-PL) for 19 days. Both WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL emulsions, but not the intact diets, increased in vitro lipolysis compared to SL. The main differences of plasma lipidomics analysis were increased levels of some sphingolipids, and lipid molecules with odd-chain (17:1, 19:1, 19:3) as well as mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acyl chains (16:1, 20:1, 20:3) in the WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL groups and increased 18:2 fatty acyls in the SL group. Indirect monitoring of intestinal triacylglycerol absorption showed no differences between groups. Diffusor tensor imaging measurements of mean diffusivity in the hippocampus were lower for WPC-A-EV and WPC-PL groups compared to SL indicating improved hippocampal maturation. No differences in hippocampal lipid composition or short-term memory were observed between groups. In conclusion, emulsification of fat globules in infant formula with dairy-derived emulsifiers altered the plasma lipid profile and hippocampal tissue diffusivity but had limited effects on other absorptive and learning abilities relative to SL in preterm piglets.
A New Practical Route for the Manufacture of (4aR,10aR)-9-Methoxy-1-methyl-6-trimethylsilanyl- 1,2,3,4,4a,5,10,10a-octahydrobenzo[g]quinoline (2003)

Different synthetic routes to the enantiomerically pure octahydrobenzo[g]quinoline derivative JNZ092 were evaluated for their suitability to rapidly prepare a first clinical batch on a kilogram scale. On the basis of the experience of previous octahydrobenzo[g]quinoline projects a new linear synthesis of JNZ092 was established and scaled up successfully. The overall yield was increased by a factor 10 and the preparation time shortened significantly as compared to those of the medicinal chemistry route. As the key strategy all atoms of the octahydrobenzo[g]quinoline skeleton were introduced early by the reaction of the 6-lithiated 1,7-dimethoxynaphthalene with ethyl-2-cyano-3-ethoxyacrylate. As a valuable technological refinement the practicability of a chromatographic technique with repetitive feed injection for the problematic separation of the enantiomers was demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of Didemnins. Part 1. Revision of the Stereochemistry of the Hydroxyisovalerylpropionyl (HIP) Unit. (1987)

Abstract The title compounds (I) are potent inhibitors of the L1210 leukemia cells in vitro and are also active in vivo against P388 leukemia and B16 melanoma.
HPA‐1a‐mediated platelet interaction with monocytes in vitro: involvement of Fcγ receptor (FcγR) classes and inhibition by humanised monoclonal anti‐FcγRI H22 (2000)

To gain insight into mechanisms of platelet destruction and its possible inhibition during fetal/neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (FAIT/NAIT) the binding to monocytes (Mo) of anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets, the initial step in IgG-mediated destruction by effector cells, was evaluated in an in vitro assay. Neonatal Mo were compared with adult Mo as effectors in the assay. Moreover, the potential involvement of Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) classes during platelet destruction in the disease was tested by using FcgammaR class-specific reagents as inhibitors of the binding reaction. Neonatal Mo were 37% less active than adult Mo in their interaction with anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets (p < 0.05). The FcgammaRI-specific reagents human monomeric IgG and humanised anti-FcgammaRI monoclonal H22 caused virtually complete inhibition of platelet binding to Mo. When compared to an intravenous immunoglobulin preparation the inhibitory activity of H22 was 10-100 x greater than that of the latter compound. Monoclonal anti-FcgammaRII IV.3 and anti-FcgammaRIII 3G8 decreased platelet binding by 70% and 64%, respectively, but only the anti-FcgammaRII inhibition was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Finally, anti-HPA-1a-sensitised platelets bound to 131H- but not to 131R- FcgammaRIIa transfected 3T6 mouse fibroblasts (p < 0.01), in an anti-HPA-1a-concentration-dependent manner. The results suggest that FcgammaRI and FcgammaRIIa may be involved in anti-HPA-1a-mediated platelet destruction by mononuclear phagocytes during FAIT/NAIT. Moreover, the much greater potency ofmonoclonal H22 than of intravenous immunoglobulin as an inhibitor of anti-HPA-1a-mediated Mo-platelet interaction, might render it superior to the latter agent in the maternal therapy of the disorder.
Accelerated computational discovery of high-performance materials for organic photovoltaics by means of cheminformatics (2011)

In this perspective we explore the use of strategies from drug discovery, pattern recognition, and machine learning in the context of computational materials science. We focus our discussion on the development of donor materials for organic photovoltaics by means of a cheminformatics approach. These methods enable the development of models based on molecular descriptors that can be correlated to the important characteristics of the materials. Particularly, we formulate empirical models, parametrized using a training set of donor polymers with available experimental data, for the important current–voltage and efficiency characteristics of candidate molecules. The descriptors are readily computed which allows us to rapidly assess key quantities related to the performance of organic photovoltaics for many candidate molecules. As part of the Harvard Clean Energy Project, we use this approach to quickly obtain an initial ranking of its molecular library with 2.6 million candidate compounds. Our method reveals molecular motifs of particular interest, such as the benzothiadiazole and thienopyrrole moieties, which are present in the most promising set of molecules.
Demonstration of an Air-Water Communication Link Through Dynamic Aerosol and Water Curvature when Considering the 2-D Modal Coupling of a Spatially Structured Beam (2022)

We experimentally investigate the 2-D modal power coupling of LG 11 and HG 11 beams under dynamic aerosol and water curvature, and demonstrate a 1-Gbit/s LG 11 FSO link, having a penalty of ~3-dB compared with no-effect cases.
GeDEA-II: A Simplex Crossover Based Evolutionary Algorithm Including the Genetic Diversity as Objective (2013)

The key issue for an efficient and reliable multiobjective evolutionary algorithm is the ability to converge to the True Pareto Front with the least number of objective function evaluations, while covering it as much as possible. To this purpose, in a previous paper performance comparisons showed that the Genetic Diversity Evolutionary Algorithm (GeDEA) was at the same level of the best state-of-the-art MOEAs due to it intrinsic ability to properly conjugate exploitation of current non-dominated solutions and the exploration of the search space. In this paper, an improved version, namely the GeDEAII, is proposed which features a novel crossover operator, the Simplex-Crossover, and a novel mutation operator, the Shrink- Mutation. GeDEM operator was left unchanged and completed using the non-dominated-sorting based on crowding distance. The comparison among GeDEA-II and GeDEA, as well as with three other modern elitist methods, on different extremely multidimensional test problems, clearly indicates that the performance of GeDEA-II is, at least in these cases, superior. In addition, authors aimed at putting in evidence the very good performance of GeDEA-II even in extremely multidimensional landscapes. To do this, four test problems were considered, and the GeDEA-II performance tested as the number of decision variables was increased. In particular, ZDT test functions featured a number of decision variables ranging from the original proposed number up to 1000, whereas on DTLZ the decision variables were increased up to 100 times the original proposed number. Results obtained contribute to demonstrate further the GeDEA-II breakthrough performance.
Renal sulfate reabsorption in healthy individuals and renal transplant recipients (2018)

Inorganic sulfate is essential for normal cellular function and its homeostasis is primarily regulated in the kidneys. However, little is known about renal sulfate handling in humans and particularly in populations with impaired kidney function such as renal transplant recipients (RTR). Hence, we aimed to assess sulfate reabsorption in kidney donors and RTR. Plasma and urinary sulfate were determined in 671 RTR and in 251 kidney donors. Tubular sulfate reabsorption (TSR) was defined as filtered load minus sulfate excretion and fractional sulfate reabsorption (FSR) was defined as 1-fractional excretion. Linear regression analyses were employed to explore associations of FSR with baseline parameters and to identify the determinants of FSR in RTR. Compared to kidney donors, RTR had significantly lower TSR (15.2 [11.2-19.5] vs. 20.3 [16.7-26.3] μmol/min), and lower FSR (0.56 [0.48-0.64] vs. 0.64 [0.57-0.69]) (all P < 0.001). Kidney donation reduced both TSR and FSR by circa 50% and 25% respectively (both P < 0.001). In RTR and donors, both TSR and FSR associated positively with renal function. In RTR, FSR was independently associated with urinary thiosulfate (β = -0.18; P = 0.002), growth hormone (β = 0.12; P = 0.007), the intakes of alcohol (β = -0.14; P = 0.002), methionine (β = -0.34; P < 0.001), cysteine (β = -0.41; P < 0.001), and vitamin D (β = -0.14; P = 0.009). In conclusion, TSR and FSR are lower in RTR compared to kidney donors and both associated with renal function. Additionally, FSR is determined by various dietary and metabolic factors. Future research should determine the mechanisms behind sulfate handling in humans and the prognostic value of renal sulfate reabsorption in RTR.
On the feasibility of spatial multiplexing for indoor 60 GHz communication (2010)

We investigate spatial multiplexing in the sparse multipath environment characteristic of beamsteered indoor 60 GHz links. The small carrier wavelength implies that large spatial multiplexing gains are available even under line of sight (LOS) conditions for nodes with form factors compatible with consumer electronics devices such as set-top boxes and television sets. We present a transceiver architecture that provides both highly directive beams and spatial multiplexing, and model its performance for a typical in-room communication link. We evaluate the performance of a simple scheme using a fixed constellation, transmit beamsteering and MMSE reception. The performance is benchmarked against transmit precoding along the channel eigenmodes without a constellation constraint. We observe that, for a relatively small transmit power per antenna element (achievable, for example, in low-cost CMOS processes), the spatial multiplexing gain is robust to LOS blockage and to variations in the relative locations of the transmitter and receiver in the room.
One-Dimensional Physical Model to Predict the Internal Quantum Efficiency of Si-Based LEDs (2011)

A simple analytical model for p-i-n light-emitting diodes is presented to give insight into the device physics. The 1-D model describes the dc electrical characteristics and internal quantum efficiency (η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IQE</sub> ) as a function of the applied bias and is in good agreement with TCAD simulations. An optimization scheme, based on the same model, shows improved η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IQE</sub> for engineered heterojunctions by reducing the diffusion current contribution. The results show that the use of heterojunctions increases the light intensity inside a narrow-bandgap material, akin to the experimentally observed results. The bandgap of the active region determines the voltage at which the maximum efficiency occurs. It is also shown that maximum η <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IQE</sub> occurs at a lower bias than that typically used for studying the maximum light intensity. The effect of injection dependence of recombination coefficients on the efficiency is also studied. For the first time, the electrical performance of a multilayer active region is modeled.
Material Innovation in the Era of Artificial Intelligence - A Case Study of Hf-Zr Systems (2020)

In this work, we presented the Hf-Zr system as a case study of materials that were evaluated in the past and are now receiving renewed interest due to its potential use in artificial intelligence (AI). A historical overview of Hf-Zr research and its promising new applications for emerging memories will be shared.
Future Wireless Communications (2013)

The wireless-access networks of today will have to evolve in several dimensions in order to address the challenges and expectations of the future. New technology components will be introduced as part of the evolution of current wireless-access technologies, such as HSPA and LTE. However, additional components may also constitute future new wireless-access technologies, which may complement the evolved technologies. Examples of such new technology components are new ways of accessing spectrum and substantially higher frequency ranges, the introduction of massive antenna configurations, direct device-to-device communication, and ultra-dense deployments.
Routing architecture exploration for regular fabrics (2004)

In an effort to control the parameter variations and systematic yield problems that threaten the affordability of application-specific ICs, new forms of design regularity and structure have been proposed. For example, there has been speculation [6] that regular logic fabrics [1] based on regular geometry patterns [2] can offer tighter control of variations and greater control of systematic manufacturing failures. In this paper we describe a routing framework that accommodates arbitrary descriptions of regular and structured routing architectures. We further propose new regular routing architectures and explore the various performance vs. manufacturability trade-offs. Results demonstrate that a more regular, restricted routing architecture can provide a substantial advantage in terms of manufacturability and predictability while incurring a moderate performance penalty.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1‐[2‐Cyano‐3,12‐dioxooleana‐1,9(11)‐dien‐28‐oyl]‐4‐ethynylimidazole. A Novel and Highly Potent Antiinflammatory and Cytoprotective Agent. (2011)

Abstract A small series of new N‐acyl(acetylenic)imidazole analogues (I) is synthesized and evaluated for their anti‐inflammatory and cytoprotective activity.
How Allen Taflove’s Left-Handed FDTD Code Helped Revolutionize Bioelectromagnetics (2022)

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method has become a mainstay in bioelectromagnetic simulation. This paper is a tribute to Dr. Allen Taflove, describing the impact of FDTD on the bioelectromagnetics revolution.
Parthenogenic Blastocysts Derived from Cumulus-Free In Vitro Matured Human Oocytes (2010)

Human cumulus-free oocytes from hormone-stimulated cycles are capable of developing to blastocysts when cultured with ovarian factor supplementation. Our improved IVM culture conditions may be used for obtaining mature oocytes for clinical purposes and/or for derivation of embryonic stem cells following parthenogenesis or nuclear transfer.
Evaluation of the Biaxial Mechanical Properties of the Mitral Valve Anterior Leaflet Under Physiological Loading Conditions (2005)

It is a fundamental assumption that a repaired mitral valve (MV) or MV replacement should mimic the functionality of the native MV as closely as possible. Thus, improvements in valvular treatments are dependent on the establishment of a complete understanding of the mechanical properties of the native MV. In this work, the biaxial mechanical properties, including the viscoelastic properties, of the MV anterior leaflet (MVAL) were explored. A novel high-speed biaxial testing device was developed to achieve stretch rates both below and beyond in-vitro values reported for the MVAL (Sacks et al, ABME, Vol. 30,pp. 1280-90, 2002). Experiments were performed with this device to assess the effects of stretch rate (from quasi-static to physiologic) on the stress-stretch response in the native leaflet. Additionally, stress-relaxation and creep tests were performed on the MVAL under physiologic biaxial loading conditions.The results of these tests showed that the stress-stretch responses of the MVAL during the loading phases were remarkably independent of stretch rate. The results of the creep and relaxation experiments revealed that the leaflet exhibited significant relaxation, but unlike traditional viscoelastic biological materials, exhibited negligible creep.These results suggested that the MVAL may be functionally modeled as an anisotropic quasi-elastic material and highlighted the importance of performing creep experiments on soft tissues. Additionally, this study underscored the necessity of performing biaxial experiments in order to appropriately determine the mechanical properties of membranous tissues.
Radiocarbon dating of glacial dust layers and soils at Kilimanjaro’s Northern Ice Field (2014)

As the African climate history recorded in Kilimanjaro’s Northern Ice Field (NIF) is rapidly lost, the age of the glacier remains disputed. Current age estimates from ice core data and glacial dynamics modeling disagree by an order of magnitude (11,700 vs ~1000 years old). We present radiocarbon dates of glacial dust and proximal soil samples collected from in and around the edge of the NIF that support the hypothesis that the peripheral portions of the NIF glacier are younger and more dynamic than the center. Samples of a dust-rich ice layer, 1.5 m above the base at the edge of the ~40 m high glacier ice cliff were found to be 1600–790 years old. These dates agree with the prediction of significant growth and shrinkage in glacial coverage over the last millennium. The variation in radiocarbon ages likely arises from heterogeneity in the summit volcanic soils, the main source of the dust recovered from the glacier, and cryoconite microbial activity. Sediment samples of a supraglacial pond had modern radiocarbon ages, further demonstrating the impact of cryoconite microbial communities on radiocarbon measurements of glacial samples. After accounting for the variability in the sample ages and the effects of microbial activity, we contend that the lower (i.e. younger) limit of the radiocarbon age range is the most reliable assessment of the age of the ice in which it was trapped.