gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next steps for IBM Watson Oncology: Scalability to additional malignancies. (2014)

6618 Background: We reported on the development of IBM Watson Oncology, a cognitive computing system designed to inform clinical decision making. The initial prototype demonstrated results (Bach, Proc ASCO 2013) in lung cancers, including the complexities of natural language processing. Here, we report the experience scaling the tool to additional cancers using an alternative method of attribute collection. Methods: Memorial Sloan Kettering and IBM's continued collaboration now includes the creation of electronic decision support prototypes for colon, rectal, bladder, pancreatic, kidney, ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers. To date, each prototype has been created with IBM Watson and trained by Memorial Sloan Kettering physicians by identifying key attributes common to all cancers (e.g., stage, age) and specific to individual cancers (e.g., high risk features for stage II colon cancer), manually entering attribute and candidate treatment answer combinations, and ranking treatments as preferred, acceptable, or not recommended. Precision, defined as [(correct preferred treatments)/(correct preferred treatments + false positives (incorrect preferred treatments) + false negatives (missing preferred treatments))], was measured for each prototype. Results: To date, each cancer prototype has been created with dozens of training cases and candidate treatment answers. Average precision, retesting with the same training data, has improved from 5% to nearly 100% depending on the cancer type. Table 1 is provided as a descriptive summary and not a statement of statistical significance. Conclusions: IBM Watson Oncology's training is scalable to additional cancers and today covers the majority of solid tumors, including breast and lung. Future steps include using additional machine learning features and training cases to improve precision, testing using blind cases, and using natural language processing to automatically extract clinical attributes from electronic medical records. Average precision (%) by disease site. First run Middle run Latest run Colon 68 81 98 Rectal 61 88 96 Bladder 24 75 91 Pancreatic 5 91 94 Kidney 12 87 91 Ovarian 41 97 95 Cervical 6 100 100 Endometrial 12 83 89
A Wireless Transceiver with Integrated Data Converters for 802.11a/b/g Access Points (2006)

A transceiver for 802.11 a/b/g access points supports MRC diversity resulting in a 3dB static sensitivity improvement over a single-receiver implementation. A closed-loop transmit power control scheme achieves 0.5dB accuracy. Receive ADCs and transmit DACs are included, allowing autonomous AGC and transmit power control loops and an all-digital modem/MAC IC. The 25mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> IC is fabricated in a 0.18μm CMOS process and achieves 3.9dB/4.5dB (low-band/high-band) receive NF and less than -35dB transmit EVM
Robust adaptive stabilization with multiple H/sub /spl infin// uncertainty models and switching (1998)

We consider a simple robust adaptive stabilization problem based on an H/sub /spl infin// uncertainty model with a discrete unknown parameter. In the proposed problem formulation, the unknown plant is assumed to belong to one of N possible uncertainty models, where each model is described by a known, linear nominal plant with H/sub /spl infin// bounds on the unmodeled dynamics. We show that if each of the models can be robustly stabilized with a linear time-invariant (LTI) controller, then there exists a single adaptive (possibly nonlinear and time-varying) controller that simultaneously robustly stabilizes all the N possible uncertainty models. The adaptive controller can provide the same level of stability robustness as the LTI controllers, and introduces, at most, a bounded transient in the output. Our approach is based on a simple switching algorithm and a novel application of H/sub /spl infin// filtering methods.
Solvent effects on the isotropic shifts and magnetic susceptibility of the shift reagent tris(dipivaloylmethanato)europium(III) (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent effects on the isotropic shifts and magnetic susceptibility of the shift reagent tris(dipivaloylmethanato)europium(III)Dwight. Schwendiman and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1972, 11, 12, 3051–3054Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50118a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50118a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nanometer to Submicrometer Magnesium Fluoride Particles with Controllable Morphology (2010)

Magnesium fluoride particles with controllable size (from several nanometers to submicrometers) and morphology (spherical and cubic forms) were successfully prepared via liquid-phase synthesis. The particles were synthesized from the reaction of MgCl(2) and NH(4)F in an aqueous solution at 75 degrees C for 1 h under a nitrogen atmosphere. Control of particle size was accomplished mainly by changing the concentration of the reactants, which could be qualitatively explained by conventional nucleation theory. Flexibility of the process in controlling particle morphology, from a spherical to a cubical form, was predominantly achieved by varying the concentration of MgCl(2). Since the same XRD pattern was detected in particles with varying morphologies, the shape transformation was due to changes in particle growth. With the ability to control particle size and morphology, the creation of other inorganic particles is possible and has potential for many field applications.
Electrocardiographic markers of cardiac resynchronization therapy response: delayed time to intrinsicoid deflection onset in lateral leads. (2022)

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has emerged as an important intervention for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction and delayed ventricular activation. In these patients, CRT has demonstrated to improve quality of life, promote reverse left ventricular (LV) remodeling, reduce HF hospitalizations, and extend survival. However, despite advancements in our understanding of CRT, a significant number of patients do not respond to this therapy. Several invasive and non-invasive parameters have been assessed to predict response to CRT, but the electrocardiogram (ECG) has remained as the prevailing screening method albeit with limitations. Ideally, an accurate, simple, and reproducible ECG marker or set of markers would dramatically overcome the current limitations. We describe the clinical utility of an old ECG parameter that can estimate ventricular activation delay: the onset to intrinsicoid deflection (ID). Based on the concept of direct measurement of ventricular activation time (intrinsic deflection onset), time to ID onset measures on the surface ECG the time that the electrical activation time takes to reach the area subtended by the corresponding surface ECG lead. Based on this principle, the time to ID on the lateral leads can estimate the delay activation to the lateral LV wall and can be used as a predictor for CRT response, particularly in patients with non-specific intraventricular conduction delay or in patients with left bundle branch block and QRS < 150 ms. The aim of this review is to present the current evidence and potential use of this ECG parameter to estimate LV activation and predict CRT response.
Recovering layers of brush strokes through statistical analysis of color and shape: an application to van Gogh's Self portrait with grey felt hat (2008)

We used digital image processing and statistical clustering algorithms to segment and classify brush strokes in master paintings based on two-dimensional space and three-dimensional chromaticity coordinates. For works executed in sparse overlapping brush strokes our algorithm identifies candidate clusters of brush strokes of the top (most visible) layer and digitally removes them. Then, it applies modified inpainting algorithms based on statistical structure of strokes to fill in or "inpaint" the remaining, partially hidden brush strokes. This processes can be iterated, to reveal and fill in successively deeper (partially hidden) layers of brush strokes-a process we call "de-picting." Of course, the reconstruction of strokes at each successively deeper layer is based on less and less image data from the painting and requires cascading estimates and inpainting; as such our methods yield poorer accuracy and fidelity for such deeper layers. Our current software is semi-automatic; the operator such as a curator or art historian guides certain steps. Future versions of our software will be fully automatic, and estimate more accurate statistical models of the brush strokes in the target painting yield better estimates of hidden brush strokes. Our software tools may aid art scholars in characterizing the images of paintings as well as the working methods of some master painters.
Calibration of the spring constant of cantilevers of arbitrary shape using the phase signal in an atomic force microscope (2012)

The measurement of cantilever parameters is an essential part of performing a calibrated measurement with an atomic force microscope (AFM). The thermal motion method is a widely used technique for calibrating the spring constant of an AFM cantilever, which can be applied to non-rectangular cantilevers. Given the trend towards high frequency scanning, calibration of non-rectangular cantilevers is of increasing importance. This paper presents two results relevant to cantilever calibration via the thermal motion method. We demonstrate the possibility of using the AFM's phase signal to acquire the thermal motion. This avoids the challenges associated with connecting the raw photodiode signal to a separate spectrum analyser. We also describe how numerical calculations may be used to calculate the parameters needed in a thermal motion calibration of a non-rectangular cantilever. Only accurate knowledge of the relative size of the in-plane dimensions of the cantilever is needed in this computation. We use this pair of results in the calibration of a variety of rectangular and non-rectangular cantilevers. We observe an average difference between the Sader and thermal motion values of cantilever stiffness of 10%.
Traction system scheduling to minimize harmonic current level at substation by genetic algorithm (2003)

Harmonics of individual trains are closely related to its loading, speed and operation mode. The harmonic current at substations is the sum of the individual components from all the trains electrically connected to the substation. There will be cancellation of the harmonics if the harmonics are not of the same phase angles. It is possible to schedule the traction system so as to minimize the harmonic distortion, improve the power factor and reduce the harmonic currents at substations. In this study genetic algorithm (GA) is used to find out the optimal schedule of the system with minimum harmonic levels. The optimized solution can be integrated into automatic train operation (ATO) controller to control the departure, speed regulation of each train of the system. Mathematical description of the problem is first presented and the genetic algorithm is introduced. The optimal solution is given at the end of this paper. It is demonstrated that the scheduling of traction system is applicable to harmonic reduction and GA is fit for such kinds of optimization problems. Such method of harmonics reduction can bring about considerable saving in filtering equipment.
Electrostatic Properties of Ideal and Non‐ideal Polar Organic Monolayers: Implications for Electronic Devices (2007)

Abstract Molecules in (or as) electronic devices are attractive because the variety and flexibility inherent in organic chemistry can be harnessed towards a systematic design of electrical properties. Specifically, monolayers of polar molecules introduce a net dipole, which controls surface and interface barriers and enables chemical sensing via dipole modification. Due to the long range of electrostatic phenomena, polar monolayer properties are determined not only by the type of molecules and/or bonding configuration to the substrate, but also by size, (dis‐)order, and adsorption patterns within the monolayer. Thus, a comprehensive understanding of polar monolayer characteristics and their influence on electronic devices requires an approach that transcends typical chemical designs, i.e., one that incorporates long‐range effects, in addition to short‐range effects due to local chemistry. We review and explain the main uses of polar organic monolayers in shaping electronic device properties, with an emphasis on long‐range cooperative effects and on the differences between electrical properties of uniform and non‐uniform monolayers.
Design and Synthesis of Novel Chrysene‐Linked Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]‐benzodiazepine Hybrids as Potential DNA‐Binding Agents (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Wear in the Prosthetic Shoulder: Association With Design Parameters (2006)

Total replacement of the glenohumeral joint provides an effective means for treating a variety of pathologies of the shoulder. However, several studies indicate that the procedure has not yet been entirely optimized. Loosening of the glenoid component remains the most likely cause of implant failure, and generally this is believed to stem from either mechanical failure of the fixation in response to high tensile stresses, or through osteolysis of the surrounding bone stock in response to particulate wear debris. Many computational studies have considered the potential for the former, although only few have attempted to tackle the latter. Using finite-element analysis an investigation, taking into account contact pressures as well as glenohumeral kinematics, has thus been conducted, to assess the potential for polyethylene wear within the artificial shoulder. The relationships between three different aspects of glenohumeral design and the potential for wear have been considered, these being conformity, polyethylene thickness, and fixation type. The results of the current study indicate that the use of conforming designs are likely to produce slightly elevated amounts of wear debris particles when compared with less conforming joints, but that the latter would be more likely to cause material failure of the polyethylene. The volume of wear debris predicted was highly influenced by the rate of loading, however qualitatively it was found that wear predictions were not influenced by the use of different polyethylene thicknesses nor fixation type while the depth of wearing was. With the thinnest polyethylene designs (2 mm) the maximum depth of the wear scar was seen to be upwards of 20% higher with a metal-backed fixation as opposed to a cemented design. In all-polyethylene designs peak polymethyl methacrylate tensile stresses were seen to reduce with increasing polyethylene thickness. Irrespective of the rate of loading of the shoulder joint, the current study indicates that it is possible to optimize glenoid component design against abrasive wear through the use of high conformity designs, possessing a polyethylene thickness of at least 6 mm.
Towards high-rate fabrication of photonic devices utilizing a combination of roll-to-roll compatible imprint lithography and ink jet printing methods (2013)

Traditionally, polymer photonic devices are fabricated using clean-room processes such as photolithography, electron beam lithography, reactive ion etching (RIE) and lift-off methods etc, which leads to long fabrication time, low throughput and high cost. We describe in this paper a novel process for fabricating polymer photonic devices using a combination of imprinting and ink jet printing methods, which provides high throughput on a variety of rigid and flexible substrates with low cost. Particularly, we demonstrate a thermo-optic switch and an electro-optic modulator. In the rib waveguide patterning, the imprint lithography transfers the waveguide pattern from a soft mold to UV-15LV bottom cladding layer. The soft mold is replicated from a silicon master mold and rendered hydrophobic to ensure successful de-molding. Ink jet printing method is used to deposit the core layer in thermo-optic switch and electrode layers in electro-optic modulator. Compared to spin-coating method, the use of print-on-demand method greatly reduces material consumption and process complexity. Every step involved has the potential to be fully compatible with roll-toroll (R2R) volume production. For example, the soft mold can be wrapped around a cylinder to realized roll-to-roll imprinting. By combining R2R imprint lithography with ink jet printing, fabrication of large volume and large area multi-layer polymer photonic devices can be realized.
A Methodology for the Simultaneous Design of Supply and Signal Networks (2004)

We present an early-stage global wire-design methodology that simultaneously considers the performance needs for both signal lines and power grids under congestion considerations. An iterative procedure is employed in which the global routing is performed according to a congestion map that includes the resource utilization of the power grid, followed by a step in which the power grid is adjusted to relax the congestion in crowded regions. This adjustment is in the form of wire removal in noncritical regions, followed by a wire-sizing step that overcomes the voltage noise after wire removal and a wire-width resizing that meets the maximum current-density constraint. Experimental results show that the overall routability can be significantly improved while the power-grid noise is maintained within both the voltage-drop and current-density constraints.
Machine learning for physical layer security (2022)

Due to the broadcast nature of the wireless medium, an illegitimate node can harm legitimate users with eavesdropping, jamming, and spoofing threats, as indicated in the previous chapters. These threats can be eliminated, detected, and prevented using physical layer security (PLS) approaches. However, providing PLS of the fifth generation and beyond (5GB) communication and sensing systems is challenging due to the requirements of these systems, such as heterogeneity, ultra density, and high mobility. This is especially the case when a large number of parameters are used simultaneously, and the problem or model itself is highly dimensional and complex. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have recently emerged as potential tools for reducing the increasing complexity of wireless networks while simultaneously employing multiple parameters in multiple dimensions (improving the performance of wireless security systems). In this chapter, we first review the classic and recent ML and DL algorithms for PLS, the ongoing and anticipated issues, and the primary efforts made in this sector by leading industries and research entities. Then, we summarize the possible research direction for ML-based PLS.
Alternative Route for Biodiesel Synthesis with Co-Production of Glycerol Carbonate (2021)

Abstract As an alternative route from the conventional alkali-catalyzed biodiesel production, the supercritical dimethyl carbonate method had been proven to successfully produce biodiesel with the co-production of glycerol carbonate in a one-step and two-step non-catalytic methods. Biodiesel or fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) obtained were high in yield, comparable with supercritical methanol method and satisfy the international standards for use as biodiesel in engines. In this paper, key parameters for the processes such as reaction temperature, pressure, time, molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil, the FAME yield, thermal decomposition, degree of denaturation, tocopherol content, oxidation stability and fuel properties were discussed. The optimized condition for supercritical dimethyl carbonate method is at 300°C/20MPa/20min/42:1 molar ratio of dimethyl carbonate to oil with a satisfactory yield of FAME at 97.4wt%. The extensive approach in this study is very important to complement mathematical model for optimization in the literatures, and to ensure that only high-quality biodiesel could be produced by supercritical dimethyl carbonate method under an optimized condition.
Ligand field interpretation of the quantum yields of photosolvation of d6 complexes (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLigand field interpretation of the quantum yields of photosolvation of d6 complexesMichael J. Incorvia and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13, 10, 2489–2494Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50140a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50140a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views68Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts