gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computationally Efficient Robust Beamforming for SINR Balancing in Multicell Downlink With Applications to Large Antenna Array Systems (2014)

We address the problem of the downlink beamformer design for signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio balancing in a multiuser multicell environment with imperfectly estimated channels at base stations. We first present a semidefinite program (SDP)-based approximate solution to the problem. Then, as our main contribution, by exploiting some properties of the robust counterpart of the optimization problem, we arrive at a second-order cone program (SOCP)-based approximation of the balancing problem. The advantages of the proposed SOCP-based design are twofold. First, it greatly reduces the computational complexity compared to the SDP-based method. Second, it applies to a wide range of uncertainty models. As a case study, we investigate the performance of proposed formulations when the base station is equipped with a massive antenna array. Numerical experiments are carried out to confirm that the proposed robust designs achieve favorable results in scenarios of practical interest.
Prediction of far-field bistatic scattering cross section using spherical, cylindrical and planar scanned near-field data (2001)

The far-field radar cross section (RCS) measurement of a large scatterer is generally difficult due to the limitation of available measurement range. One way to avoid this difficulty is to adopt a scale model by compact range measurement. However, there are some problems in this measurement: it is labour intensive and expensive to construct the scale model, and the frequency characteristics of the surface impedance of the scatterer may not be reproduced at shorter wavelength measurements, so real target measurement is necessary to obtain accurate data. There exists a near-field antenna measurement technique, however a direct application of this technique for RCS measurement fails because the RCS depends on the locations of both the source and the observation points. Falconer (1988) has overcome the above difficulty and successfully estimated the far-field RCS by the near-field RCS measurement. We have also proposed a far-field RCS prediction algorithm which uses cylindrical or planar near-field RCS data. However these algorithms are applicable only for the monostatic RCS. We report novel prediction algorithms of the far-field bistatic scattering cross section (SCS) by extending the proposed algorithms. These are presented in cases of spherical, cylindrical and planar scanning. We also show simulation results of the far-field SCS prediction in order to validate our methods.
Spoken Moments: A Large Scale Dataset of Audio Descriptions of Dynamic Events in Video (2020)

When people observe events they are able to abstract key information and build concise summaries of what is happening. These summaries include contextual and semantic information describing the important high-level details (what, where, who and how) of the obseved event and exclude background information that is deemed unimportant to the observer. With this in mind, the descriptions people generate for videos of different dynamic events can greatly improve our understanding of the key information of interest in each video. They provide expanded attributes for video labeling (e.g. actions/objects/scenes/sentiment/etc.) while allowing us to gain new insight into what people find important or necessary to summarize specific events. In this vein, we present a new dataset of audio descriptions collected for a set of 500K different short videos depicting a broad range of different events. We collect our descriptions using audio recordings to ensure that they remain as natural and concise as possible and provide verified text transcriptions of each recording. We additionally present a multi-modal audio-visual model for jointly learning a shared representation between the video and the audio descriptions and show how this learned representation can be applied to a number of different tasks in video understanding.
BootJacker (2008)

BootJacker is a proof-of-concept attack tool which demonstrates that authentication mechanisms employed by an operating system can be bypassed by obtaining physical access and simply forcing a restart. The key insight that enables this attack is that the contents of memory on some machines are fully preserved across a warm boot. Upon a reboot, BootJacker uses this residual memory state to revive the original host operating system environment and run malicious payloads. Using BootJacker, an attacker can break into a locked user session and gain access to open encrypted disks, web browser sessions or other secure network connections. BootJacker's non-persistent design makes it possible for an attacker to leave no traces on the victim machine.
l-Arginine-Nitric Oxide Kinetics in Normal and Type 2 Diabetic Subjects (2003)

Defective endothelium is a key event in the development of atherosclerosis in diabetes: alteration of the L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway has been suggested. We propose a modeling approach of the L-arginine-NO pathway in vivo in both control and type 2 diabetic subjects based on the intravenous bolus injection of L-[(15)N]arginine and subsequent noncompartmental and compartmental model analysis of L-[(15)N] arginine in plasma and [(15)N]nitrate in the urine. No differences in arginine kinetics were observed between normal subjects and diabetic patients. [(15)N]nitrates were detectable up to 48 h from the L-(15)[N]arginine administration; no differences were found in the tracer-to-tracee ratio in each urine collection. However, the NO synthesis in plasma from arginine was lower (P = 0.05 for the noncompartmental and 0.1208 for the compartmental analysis, by Mann-Whitney test) in diabetic patients than in control subjects when expressed both in absolute terms (50% decrease) and as percentage of NO turnover (30% decrease). This new modeling approach of L-arginine-NO pathway provides a detailed picture of arginine kinetics and nitrate metabolism. From our data, it appears that noncomplicated type 2 diabetic patients have a decreased conversion of arginine to NO.
Improving Gear Fault Detection by Reducing Tachometer Jitter (2016)

Much research has been published on gear fault analysis techniques, almost all based on the time synchronous average (TSA). These include and are not limited to: residual analysis, energy operator, energy ratio, amplitude modulation, frequency modulation, sideband index, zero-order figure of merit, etc. Because the TSA is based on tachometer zero cross times, the performance of these analyses is dependent on the quality of the tachometer data. The tachometer signal always has jitter, due to electrical noise, magnetic noise, or manufacturing spacing error of the tachometer target (e.g. gear tooth spacing). By implementing a novel zero phase filter to reduce tachometer jitter, large improvements in the fault detection were observed. For a known gear fault, the separability, related to fault detection, increased from 10 to 25%.
Inference About Defects in the Presence of Masking (1996)

This article considers the situation in which a system consists of k components and a defect in any component causes a system malfunction. When a system malfunction occurs, test procedures restrict the cause to some subset of the Ic components. When that subset consists of more than one component, this phenomenon is termed masking. Typically, masking introduces two types of problems. First, it is desirable to estimate the “diagnostic probability”—that is, the probability, given a specified malfunctioning subset, that each of the masked components is the defective one. Second, when a set of historical data contains masked information, one would like to use this information to estimate the defect probability of each individual component type. The article discusses these problems in detail and derives two-stage procedures for estimation and inference.
Monitoring of Self-Paced Action Timing and Sensory Outcomes After Lesions to the Orbitofrontal Cortex (2021)

Anticipation, monitoring, and evaluation of the outcome of one's actions are at the core of proactive control. Individuals with lesions to OFC often demonstrate behaviors that indicate a lack of recognition or concern for the negative effects of their actions. Altered action timing has also been reported in these patients. We investigated the role of OFC in predicting and monitoring the sensory outcomes of self-paced actions. We studied patients with focal OFC lesions (n = 15) and healthy controls (n = 20) while they produced actions that infrequently evoked unexpected outcomes. Participants performed a self-paced, random generation task where they repeatedly pressed right and left buttons that were associated with specific sensory outcomes: a 1- and 2-kHz tone, respectively. Occasional unexpected action outcomes occurred (mismatch) that inverted the learned button-tone association (match). We analyzed ERPs to the expected and unexpected outcomes as well as action timing. Neither group showed post-mismatch slowing of button presses, but OFC patients had a higher number of fast button presses, indicating that they were inferior to controls at producing regularly timed actions. Mismatch trials elicited enhanced N2b-P3a responses across groups as indicated by the significant main effect of task condition. Planned within-group analyses showed, however, that patients did not have a significant condition effect, suggesting that the result of the omnibus analysis was driven primarily by the controls. Altogether, our findings indicate that monitoring of action timing and the sensory outcomes of self-paced actions as indexed by ERPs is impacted by OFC damage.
PD20-07 LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE FOR PROSTATE CANCER – THE MEMORIAL SLOAN KETTERING CANCER CENTER EXPERIENCE (2018)

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with GS 3+3, PI-RADS 5 is associated with biopsy upgrade and progression, and PI-RADS 1-2 with non-progression. mpMRI may be a viable adjunct in treatment decision making for men on AS.
Morphology supporting function: attenuation correction for SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MR imaging. (2016)

Both SPECT, and in particular PET, are unique in medical imaging for their high sensitivity and direct link to a physical quantity, i.e. radiotracer concentration. This gives PET and SPECT imaging unique capabilities for accurately monitoring disease activity for the purposes of clinical management or therapy development. However, to achieve a direct quantitative connection between the underlying radiotracer concentration and the reconstructed image values several confounding physical effects have to be estimated, notably photon attenuation and scatter. With the advent of dual-modality SPECT/CT, PET/CT, and PET/MR scanners, the complementary CT or MR image data can enable these corrections, although there are unique challenges for each combination. This review covers the basic physics underlying photon attenuation and scatter and summarizes technical considerations for multimodal imaging with regard to PET and SPECT quantification and methods to address the challenges for each multimodal combination.
Abstract 231: Direct Cd137 Costimulation of Cd8 T Cells Promotes Retention in Nascent and Developed Atherogenic Foci (2019)

Effector CD8 T cells infiltrate atherosclerotic lesions and are correlated with cardiovascular events and increased carotid intimal thickness, but the mechanisms regulating their recruitment and retention are not yet well understood. CD137 (4-1BB) is a tumor necrosis factor costimulatory receptor induced on a range of immune cells and expressed at sites of human atherosclerotic plaque. Common variants associated with decreased gene expression correlate with carotid intimal thickness and its deficiency in animal models attenuates atherosclerotic plaque development. While these effects have been attributed in part to endothelial responses at atherogenic sites of low and disturbed flow (LDF), CD137 is also a potent costimulatory signal that generates robust effector CD8 T cells. Here, we asked whether CD137 expression on CD8 T cells contributes to pathologic effector T cell infiltration, retention, and IFNγ-production in early and established atherosclerotic lesions. We tested this by adoptive transfer of congenic CD8 T cells into wild type recipient mice that were then antigen-primed and CD137-costimulated, and we found that CD137 activation specifically of effector CD8 T cells triggers their intimal infiltration into LDF-vessels (P-value&lt;0.006) and promotes persistent innate-like pro-inflammatory programs(P=0.006). Residence of CD137 + effector CD8 T cells promoted subsequent infiltration of endogenous CD8 T cells with IFNγ-producing potential in both PCSK9-mediated hyperlipidemic mice (P=0.0006) and normolipidemic controls (P&lt;0.009) at sites of surgically-induced and physiologic LDF regions. CD137-deficient CD8 T cells exhibited impaired tissue infiltration (P=0.004), minimal IFNγ-production, and reduced accessory infiltration of other endogenous CD8 T cells (P=0.0006). Our studies provide novel insight into how CD137 costimulation of effector T cells, independent of plaque-antigen recognition, instigates their retention and promotes innate-like responses from immune infiltrates within atherogenic foci. These data provide mechanistic context for clinical correlations of cardiovascular morbidity with states of CD8 T cell activation, such as CD137-agonistic cancer immunotherapies.
Effect of cross-phase modulation on optical phase conjugation in dispersion-shifted fiber (1994)

The temporal effect of optical phase conjugation in dispersion-shifted fiber is studied numerically. Frequency chirping is induced in the conjugate pulse by the signal pulse and the pump wave through cross-phase modulation, which increases with the signal power and may distort the pulse shape when the conjugate pulse propagates in the standard fiber. It is also shown that, when the signal power is low, the optical phase conjugation is nearly ideal.
Managing Chronic Pain of Spinal Origin After Lumbar Surgery (2002)

In a patient presenting with neurogenic symptoms after lumbar surgery, a meticulous workup is required to elucidate the source of these symptoms. Surgical indications are similar to those for primary lumbar spinal surgery and include a well-defined anatomic source of neural compression that is amenable to a surgical solution.
Acute Morphological Changes in P-Wave Morphology During Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Atrial Fibrillation Patients (2018)

Pulmonary vein (PV) plays an important role in atrial fibrillation (AF) initiation, progression, and stability. Successful PV isolation (PVI), either by radiofrequency catheter or Cryoballoon ablation, may terminate AF and prevent its recurrence. Whereas, incomplete PV isolation or reconnection of isolated PVs underlies mechanisms of AF recurrence. Hence, defining parameters able to predict a successful PVI and detect reconnections can assist clinicians in treatment of AF patients. Here, we developed a highly detailed human atrial model to simulate PVI and its acute effect on the P-wave morphology. Afterwards, the simulation results were compared and validated by recorded ECGs from patients before and after PVI procedure. In both simulation data and clinical recordings, we observed morphological changes in Pwave after PVI. More importantly our simulation helped us to find electrode positions, in which the differences in P-wave morphology before and after PVI were more pronounced.
Alternative Animal Models of Aging Research (2021)

Most research on mechanisms of aging is being conducted in a very limited number of classical model species, i.e., laboratory mouse (<i>Mus musculus</i>), rat (<i>Rattus norvegicus domestica</i>), the common fruit fly (<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i>) and roundworm (<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>). The obvious advantages of using these models are access to resources such as strains with known genetic properties, high-quality genomic and transcriptomic sequencing data, versatile experimental manipulation capabilities including well-established genome editing tools, as well as extensive experience in husbandry. However, this approach may introduce interpretation biases due to the specific characteristics of the investigated species, which may lead to inappropriate, or even false, generalization. For example, it is still unclear to what extent knowledge of aging mechanisms gained in short-lived model organisms is transferable to long-lived species such as humans. In addition, other specific adaptations favoring a long and healthy life from the immense evolutionary toolbox may be entirely missed. In this review, we summarize the specific characteristics of emerging animal models that have attracted the attention of gerontologists, we provide an overview of the available data and resources related to these models, and we summarize important insights gained from them in recent years. The models presented include short-lived ones such as killifish (<i>Nothobranchius furzeri</i>), long-lived ones such as primates (<i>Callithrix jacchus, Cebus imitator, Macaca mulatta</i>), bathyergid mole-rats (<i>Heterocephalus glaber, Fukomys spp.</i>), bats (<i>Myotis spp.</i>), birds, olms (<i>Proteus anguinus</i>), turtles, greenland sharks, bivalves <i>(Arctica islandica</i>), and potentially non-aging ones such as <i>Hydra</i> and <i>Planaria</i>.
Design, Synthesis, SAR, and Biological Evaluation of Highly Potent Benzimidazole-Spaced Phosphono-α-Amino Acid Competitive NMDA Antagonists of the AP-6 Type (2001)

A series of 2-amino-(phosphonoalkyl)-1H-benzimidazole-2-alkanoic acids was synthesized and evaluated for NMDA receptor affinity using a [3H]CPP binding assay. Functional antagonism of the NMDA receptor complex was evaluated in vitro using a stimulated [3H]TCP binding assay and in vivo by employing an NMDA-induced seizure model. Several compounds of the AP-6 type demonstrated potent and selective NMDA antagonistic activity both in vitro and in vivo. In particular, [R(-)]-2-amino-3-(5-chloro-1-phosphonomethyl-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)-propionic acid (1) displayed an IC(50) value of 7.1 nM in the [3H]CPP binding assay and an ED(50) value of 0.13 mg/kg (ip) in the NMDA lethality model. Compound 1, when administered intravenously as a single bolus dose of 3 mg/kg following permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery in the rat, reduced the volume of infarcted brain tissue by 45%. These results support a promising therapeutic potential for compound 1 as a neuroprotective agent.
Ovine cytokines and their role in the immune response. (1998)

Using a variety of expression systems the number of available recombinant ovine cytokines has increased steadily. This has led to the use of ovine cytokines as adjuvants to modulate the immune responses to vaccine antigens, both quantitatively and qualitatively. In addition DNA immunization, now common in mice, is being increasingly used in sheep. This may provide a unique avenue for the use of cytokines as immunomodulators, as it avoids preparing large quantities of biologically active recombinant protein and allows a slow, prolonged release of the cytokine at the same site as the antigen. As detection systems are developed their usefulness and shortcomings become apparent. The combination of cytokine detection, lymphatic cannulation and the in vivo neutralization of cytokines has allowed a greater understanding of the immune response during vaccination and of the interaction between pathogens and the immune system.
Assessing the Usability of a Task-Shifting Device for Inserting Subcutaneous Contraceptive Implants for Use in Low-Income Countries (2020)

Abstract Women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) have limited access to long-acting contraceptives. Access to long-acting contraceptives, such as subcutaneous contraceptive implants, could be increased by task-shifting implant administration from advanced to minimally trained healthcare providers. The objective of this study was to investigate the usability of a task-shifting device for administering subcutaneous contraceptive implants. Healthcare providers (n = 128) from multiple health centers in Ethiopia were trained to administer implants on an arm simulator with the traditional method and a method using the device. Participants were observed while inserting implants into the arm simulator, and procedural error rates were calculated. Observations were analyzed using an iterative inductive coding methodology. For the device-assisted method, minimally trained healthcare providers had larger procedural error rates than other professions (p = 0.002). For the traditional method, physicians had larger procedural error rates than nurses and midwives (p = 0.03). Several procedural errors were identified such as participants inserting and removing the trocar and plunger completely or inserting and/or removing the trocar too far or not enough. These findings reinforce the importance of performing formative usability testing during the early phases of a medical device design process, considering users' mental models, and avoiding assumptions about healthcare providers' abilities.
A Simple Synthesis of 4-Oxazolidinones, 1,3-Oxazin-4-ones and 1,3-Oxazepin-4-ones from Amide Alcohols (1977)

t h formaldehyde gave o x a z o l i d
Multiple access channels with arbitrarily correlated sources (1980)

Let <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{(U_{i},V_{i})\}_{i=1}^{n}</tex> be a source of independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) discrete random variables with joint probability mass function <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p(u,v)</tex> and common part <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">w=f(u)=g(v)</tex> in the sense of Witsenhausen, Gacs, and Körner. It is shown that such a source can be sent with arbitrarily small probability of error over a multiple access channel (MAC) <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{\cal X_{1} \times \cal X_{2},\cal Y,p(y|x_{1},x_{2})\},</tex> with allowed codes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\{x_{l}(u), x_{2}(v)\}</tex> if there exist probability mass functions <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p(s), p(x_{1}|s,u),p(x_{2}|s,v)</tex> , such that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H(U|V)&lt;I(X_{1}; Y|X_{2},V,S),</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H(V|U )&lt;I(X_{2};Y|X_{1},U,S),</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H(U,V|W)&lt;I(X_{1},X_{2};Y|W,S),</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H(U,V)&lt;I(X_{1},X_{2};Y),</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\mbox{where}</tex> <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p(s,u,v,x_{1},x_{2},y), Xl, X2, y)=p(s)p(u,v)p(x_{1}|u,s)p(x_{2}|v,s)p(y|x_{1},x_{2}).</tex> lifts region includes the multiple access channel region and the Slepian-Wolf data compression region as special cases.