gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser-Induced-Fluorescence Photogrammetry and Videogrammetry (2004)

An improved method of dot-projection photogrammetry and an extension of the method to encompass dot-projection videogrammetry overcome some deficiencies of dot-projection photogrammetry as previously practiced. The improved method makes it possible to perform dot-projection photogrammetry or videogrammetry on targets that have previously not been amenable to dot-projection photogrammetry because they do not scatter enough light. Such targets include ones that are transparent, specularly reflective, or dark. In standard dot-projection photogrammetry, multiple beams of white light are projected onto the surface of an object of interest (denoted the target) to form a known pattern of bright dots. The illuminated surface is imaged in one or more cameras oriented at a nonzero angle or angles with respect to a central axis of the illuminating beams. The locations of the dots in the image(s) contain stereoscopic information on the locations of the dots, and, hence, on the location, shape, and orientation of the illuminated surface of the target. The images are digitized and processed to extract this information. Hardware and software to implement standard dot-projection photogrammetry are commercially available. Success in dot-projection photogrammetry depends on achieving sufficient signal-to-noise ratios: that is, it depends on scattering of enough light by the target so that the dots as imaged in the camera(s) stand out clearly against the ambient-illumination component of the image of the target. In one technique used previously to increase the signal-to-noise ratio, the target is illuminated by intense, pulsed laser light and the light entering the camera(s) is band-pass filtered at the laser wavelength. Unfortunately, speckle caused by the coherence of the laser light engenders apparent movement in the projected dots, thereby giving rise to errors in the measurement of the centroids of the dots and corresponding errors in the computed shape and location of the surface of the target. The improved method is denoted laser-induced-fluorescence photogrammetry.
Erratum to: Search for the HH → $$ b\overline{b}b\overline{b} $$ process via vector-boson fusion production using proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2021)

One correction is noted for the paper.
Applicability of MPLS-TP Linear Protection for Ring Topologies (2011)

This document presents an applicability statement to address the
requirements for protection of ring topologies for Multi-Protocol
Label Switching Transport Profile (MPLS-TP) Label Switched Paths (LSP)
on multiple layers. The MPLS-TP Requirements document [TPReqs]
specifies specific criteria for justification of dedicated protection
mechanism for particular topologies, including optimizing the number
of OAM entities needed, minimizing the number of labels for protection
paths, minimzing the number of recovery elements in the network, and
minimizing the number of control and management transactions
necessary. The document proposes a methodology for ring protection
based on existing MPLS-TP survivability mechanisms, without the need
of specification of new constructs or protocols. This document is a
product of a joint Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) /
International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications
Standardization Sector (ITU-T) effort to include an MPLS Transport
Profile within the IETF MPLS and PWE3 architectures to support the
capabilities and functionalities of a packet transport network as
defined by the ITU-T.
Supplementary Figure S2 from ERK Inhibitor LY3214996 Targets ERK Pathway–Driven Cancers: A Therapeutic Approach Toward Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;pan-RAF inhibitor can block increase in ERK phosphorylation due to inhibition of negative feedback on CRAF by ERK inhibitor.&lt;/p&gt;
Photosynthetic routes to prostaglandins: conversion of 2,3-endo-epoxybicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-6-one into 6,7-endo-epoxy-3-alkoxy-2-oxabicyclo[3.3.0]octanes (1978)

N. M. Crossland, S. M. Roberts and R. F. Newton, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 661 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000661
Large-scale spatiotemporal spike patterning consistent with wave propagation in motor cortex (2015)

Aggregate signals in cortex are known to be spatiotemporally organized as propagating waves across the cortical surface, but it remains unclear whether the same is true for spiking activity in individual neurons. Furthermore, the functional interactions between cortical neurons are well documented but their spatial arrangement on the cortical surface has been largely ignored. Here we use a functional network analysis to demonstrate that a subset of motor cortical neurons in non-human primates spatially coordinate their spiking activity in a manner that closely matches wave propagation measured in the beta oscillatory band of the local field potential. We also demonstrate that sequential spiking of pairs of neuron contains task-relevant information that peaks when the neurons are spatially oriented along the wave axis. We hypothesize that the spatial anisotropy of spike patterning may reflect the underlying organization of motor cortex and may be a general property shared by other cortical areas.
Baseline hydration status in incident peritoneal dialysis patients: the initiative of patient outcomes in dialysis (IPOD-PD study) (2015)

Background. Non-euvolaemia in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients is associated with elevated mortality risk. There is an urgent need to collect data to help us understand the association between clinical practices and hydration and nutritional status, and their effects on patient outcome. Methods. The aim of this prospective international, longitudinal observational cohort study is to follow up the hydration and nutritional status, as measured by bioimpedance spectroscopy using the body composition monitor (BCM) of incident PD patients for up to 5 years. Measures of hydration and nutritional status and of clinical, biochemical and therapy-related data are collected directly before start of PD treatment, at 1 and 3 months, and then every 3 months. This paper presents the protocol and a prespecified analysis of baseline data of the cohort. Results. A total of 1092 patients (58.1% male, 58.0 15.3 years) from 135 centres in 32 countries were included. Median fluid overload (FO) was 2.0 L (males) and 0.9 L (females). Less than half of the patients were normohydrated (38.7%), whereas FO > 1.1 L was seen in 56.5%. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 139.5 21.8 and 80.0 12.8 mmHg, respectively, and 25.1% of patients had congestive heart failure [New York Heart Association (NYHA) 1 or higher]. A substantial number of patients judged to be not overhydrated on clinical judgement appeared to be overhydrated by BCM measurement. Overhydration at baseline was independently associated with male gender and diabetic status. Conclusions. The majority of patients starting on PD are overhydrated already at start of PD. This may have important consequences on clinical outcomes and preservation of residual renal function. Substantial reclassification of hydration status by BCM versus on a clinical basis was necessary, especially in patients who were not overtly overhydrated. Both clinical appreciation and bioimpedance should be combined in clinical decision-making on hydration status.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of Relative and Absolute Stereochemistry of Cephalosporolide D and Its Enantioselective Total Synthesis. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A general approach to network configuration analysis (2015)

Abstract — We present an approach to detect network configuration errors, which combines the benefits of two prior approaches. Like prior techniques that analyze con-figuration files, our approach can find errors proactively, before the configuration is applied, and answer “what if” questions. Like prior techniques that analyze data-plane snapshots, our approach can check a broad range of for-warding properties and produce actual packets that vio-late checked properties. We accomplish this combination by faithfully deriving and then analyzing the data plane that would emerge from the configuration. Our deriva-tion of the data plane is fully declarative, employing a set of logical relations that represent the control plane, the data plane, and their relationship. Operators can query these relations to understand identified errors and their provenance. We use our approach to analyze two large university networks with qualitatively different routing designs and find many misconfigurations in each. Oper-ators have confirmed the majority of these as errors and have fixed their configurations accordingly. 1
Federated Optimization: Distributed Machine Learning for On-Device Intelligence (2016)

We introduce a new and increasingly relevant setting for distributed optimization in machine learning, where the data defining the optimization are unevenly distributed over an extremely large number of nodes. The goal is to train a high-quality centralized model. We refer to this setting as Federated Optimization. In this setting, communication efficiency is of the utmost importance and minimizing the number of rounds of communication is the principal goal. A motivating example arises when we keep the training data locally on users' mobile devices instead of logging it to a data center for training. In federated optimziation, the devices are used as compute nodes performing computation on their local data in order to update a global model. We suppose that we have extremely large number of devices in the network --- as many as the number of users of a given service, each of which has only a tiny fraction of the total data available. In particular, we expect the number of data points available locally to be much smaller than the number of devices. Additionally, since different users generate data with different patterns, it is reasonable to assume that no device has a representative sample of the overall distribution. We show that existing algorithms are not suitable for this setting, and propose a new algorithm which shows encouraging experimental results for sparse convex problems. This work also sets a path for future research needed in the context of \federated optimization.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS SOLVENT EXTRACTION PROCESSES FOR COAL DERIVED CARBON PRODUCTS (2006)

The purpose of this DOE-funded effort is to develop continuous processes for solvent extraction of coal for the production of carbon products. These carbon products include materials used in metals smelting, especially in the aluminum and steel industries, as well as porous carbon structural material referred to as ''carbon foam'' and carbon fibers. During this reporting period, efforts have focused on the development of continuous processes for hydrogenation as well as continuous production of carbon foam and coke.
The U.S. NSF Ocean Observatories Initiative: A Modern Virtual Observatory (2010)

(1) University of California, San Diego, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, United States (jorcutt@ucsd.edu), (2) University of California, San Diego, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology, La Jolla, United States (jorcutt@ucsd.edu), (3) Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole, MA 02543, (4) COOL, Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA, (5) Raytheon Intelligence and Information Systems Aurora, CO 80011 USA
Enucleated Eye Model for Intraocular Retinal Prosthesis Implantation (2006)

An enucleated porcine eye model was developed to assess intraocular retinal prosthesis implantation surgery. The surgical technique consists of corneal and crystalline lens removal, keratoprosthesis replacement, and vitrectomy. To test the eye model, the scleral incision was increased to 5 mm and a 10-mm wide retinal prosthesis folded and inserted. One retinal tack was used to fix the prosthesis to the retina. A retinal prosthesis array was inserted without significant damage to the array and conformed to the curvature of the eye. Fundus photography and optical coherence tomography were performed at the end of surgery.
P‐Chiral, Monodentate Ferrocenyl Phosphines, Novel Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis. (2003)

Eight &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;-chiral monodentate ferrocenyl phosphines (&lt;b&gt;1a&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;−&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;h&lt;/b&gt;) were prepared in high enantiomeric excess\n(&gt;95% ee in most cases) by way of an ephedrine-based oxazaphospholidine borane complex. Primary\nalkyl, secondary alkyl, and substituted aromatic substituents were successfully introduced at the\nphosphorus center, along with ferrocenyl and phenyl groups, generating phosphines of the general\nstructure FcP(Ph)(R) (Fc = ferrocenyl, R = aryl, alkyl). The synthetic route employed provides\nfacile access to a previously undeveloped class of chiral monophosphines. These compounds were\nevaluated as ligands in asymmetric catalytic reductive coupling of alkynes and aldehydes and were\nfound to provide the desired chiral allylic alcohols with good regioselectivity and ee in many cases\nand with complete (&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;)-selectivity (&gt;98:2) in all cases.
A History and Overview of Machine Listening (2010)

An overview of different threads and technologies that impinge on machine listening.
Crystal structure of Tris(N,N-diethyldithiocarbamato)thallium(III) (1978)

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Tl(S2CNEt2)3], has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods at 295 K and refined by full-matrix least squares to a residual of 0.050 for 2517 'observed' reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, with space group A2/a, a 14.789(7), b 10.428(4), c 18.207(9) ?, ß 118.11(4)°, Z 4, and are isostructural with those of the previously determined gallium and indium analogues, the molecule having 2 symmetry with &amp;lt;Tl-S&amp;gt; 2.666 ?. As in the dimethyl/thallium analogue, the departure of the TlS6 core symmetry from 3 is large and is examined in terms of electron-pair repulsion theory.
Efficacy of magnesium enriched artificial substrate for oyster restoration (2018)

The eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, is a keystone species that has undergone a large (> 95%) population decline due to overharvest, pollution, and disease. Restoration efforts focus on alternative larval attachment substrates such as concrete, to supplement the loss of natural oyster shell. Magnesium is a component of bivalve shells and its presence in the environment has shown to be important to the growth of mussels, but the same relationship has not been studied in oysters. Assuming that magnesium can be assimilated from the substrate on which the organism is growing, or that ions of magnesium are leached into the water, magnesium supplements to concrete could have a similar benefit. Supplements in the form of magnesium carbonate can be incorporated into cement. A site in the northern neck of the Chesapeake Bay was used to test the effect of different artificial substrates (natural shell, concrete, and concrete enriched with magnesium carbonate) on mortality, growth, and recruitment exhibited by larval oysters and spat. Shell substrate types were tested for their effects on water chemistry in aquaria over the course of 8 weeks to understand the potential for leeching of nutrients into the environment. Spat on magnesium enriched substrates were not found to have a significant statistical difference from other spat for mortality, growth, or recruitment after running Kruskal-Wallis, ANOVA, and Poisson ANOVA analyses respectively (all p val > 0.05). Magnesium supplemented shells in aquaria impacted the pH (-0.14 pH units), alkalinity (+9 ppm CaCO₃), and magnesium (+36 ppm) concentrations in water chemistry over 8 weeks. Spat on all substrates were found to have grown to average sizes larger than expected for the region of the Chesapeake the study was conducted (33-37 mm compared to 24 mm in previous observations), but within the range of growth seen throughout the entire Bay. Although magnesium enriched substrates did not have a significant impact on oysters’ recruitment, growth, and survival relative to other substrates, spat did show higher recruitment and growth, and lower mortality than spat attached to concrete, indicating potential biological significance. The potential exists that higher concentrations of magnesium incorporation into artificial substrates could have a greater impact on attached spat and should be examined in future research.
Study of Equities using Signed Social Network (2022)

Stock prices in the financial market are highly unpredictable; yet, there is usually some correlation between equities. These correlations can be positive or negative, causing equities to move in the same direction or in opposite directions. In this paper correlation analysis is performed on the Indian stock market to build a well-balanced portfolio. We have taken advantage of the fact that stocks have positive or negative correlation to create a signed social network of stocks using a modified winner-takes-all strategy [3]. We then used the FEC algorithm [9] to determine communities with positive intra-links and negative inter-links from this network. Our study revealed that various sub-sectors such as the pharmaceutical, IT, financial sector, and so on form communities within the network. We present a few different strategies to build portfolios by selecting companies from the determined communities that have only positive, only negative, or both negative and positive linkages. We use the Sharpe ratio[5] to assess the performance of these portfolios, and found that having negatively correlated stocks enhances portfolio balancing significantly.
50 nm Al<inf>x</inf>O<inf>y</inf> ReRAM array retention characteristics before and after endurance (2014)

This work investigates resistive random access memory (ReRAM) data retention after different set/reset endurance cycles on a 50 nm Mega-bit-class Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> ReRAM array. The high resistance state (HRS) before forming and low resistance state (LRS) after forming show the best retention compared with after set/reset programming. When set/reset cycles increase, the LRS retention becomes better, whereas HRS retention gets worse, probably because the filament size becomes larger. Consequently, the retention time of ReRAM is degraded as the device is worn out and the error rate of HRS becomes dominant.
Thermal analysis of multi-finger AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2005)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are very promising for high power applications at microwave frequencies. The heterostructures are usually grown on SiC or sapphire substrates. Sapphire substrates are relatively cheap, but their low thermal conductivity is a major disadvantage. To improve the thermal performance, a hybrid integration of the HEMT onto an AlN carrier substrate is proposed. In this study we compare two different hybrid integration schemes for multi-finger HEMTs : a flip-chip integration and an integration where the sapphire substrate is removed by laser lift-off.
Quartz angular rate sensor for automotive control (2002)

A new quartz angular rate sensor has been developed for automotive controls. The principle of the sensor is detection of the Coriolis force with a vibrator An H shape vibrator supported with a stein at the center was used The vibrator supported at the center was good for the isolation of a small motion detecting angular rate from an extremely large excitation motion. A new mechanical coupling model and the FEM analysis were used to reduce output offset of the sensor. The detection range of the sensor is from -100 deg/s to 100 deg/s. The sensor output offset is small within /spl plusmn/ l deg/s. The developed quartz sensor satisfied required specifications and had wide temperature reliability. Further, the sensor has been successfully used onboard passenger cars.
Time Reversal for Multiple Access and Mobility: Algorithmic Design and Experimental Results (2022)

Time Reversal (TR) has been proposed as a competitive precoding strategy for low-complexity wireless devices relying on Ultra-WideBand (UWB) signal waveforms. However, when TR is applied for multiple access, the signals received by the multiple users suffer from significant levels of inter-symbol and inter-user interference, which requires additional processing for mitigation by each receiving user. In this paper, we present an iterative Time-Reversal Division Multiple Access (TRDMA) approach that aims to dim the latter interference levels. The performance of iterative TRDMA is evaluated experimentally in a reverberation chamber that mimics a rich scattering indoor wireless propagation environment. The improved efficiency, in terms of the number of algorithmic iterations, of the proposed approach compared to conventional TRDMA, is demonstrated. We also consider a mobile user configuration, where the position of the receiver changes between the channel estimation and data transmission steps. It is showcased, even for this experimental setup, that the proposed iterative TRDMA approach is more efficient than conventional precoding schemes.
Type 2 diabetes is associated with increased circulating levels of 3-hydroxydecanoate activating GPR84 and neutrophil migration (2022)

Obesity and diabetes are associated with inflammation and altered plasma levels of several metabolites, which may be involved in disease progression. Some metabolites can activate G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed on immune cells where they can modulate metabolic inflammation. Here, we find that 3-hydroxydecanoate is enriched in the circulation of obese individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with nondiabetic controls. Administration of 3-hydroxydecanoate to mice promotes immune cell recruitment to adipose tissue, which was associated with adipose inflammation and increased fasting insulin levels. Furthermore, we demonstrate that 3-hydroxydecanoate stimulates migration of primary human and mouse neutrophils, but not monocytes, through GPR84 and Gα<sub>i</sub> signaling <i>in vitro</i>. Our findings indicate that 3-hydroxydecanoate is a T2D-associated metabolite that increases inflammatory responses and may contribute to the chronic inflammation observed in diabetes.
Transmission of low-energy(<~10 eV)H+andD+ions through ultrathin rare-gas films (1998)

The transmission of low-energy $(&lt;~10\mathrm{eV}){\mathrm{}\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$ ions through ultrathin films of Kr and Xe has been studied to address the underlying scattering and charge-transfer processes. The ions are produced by means of electron stimulated desorption (ESD) from a water-bilayer covered $({\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ or ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O})$ Ru(0001) surface. Their yield as a function of overlayer film thickness is measured using a digital time-of-flight electron stimulated desorption ion angular distribution detector. Film thicknesses are determined using thermal desorption spectroscopy. The small structural difference of the ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ compared to the ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ film on Ru affects the shape of the rare-gas thermal-desorption spectra. About 10% of the ESD ions are transmitted through 2 ML of Kr or Xe with no significant difference in the transmissivity of ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}.$ The attenuation is discussed in terms of elastic scattering and charge-transfer neutralization processes.