gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SmartEntry (2020)

Traffic Engineering (TE) has been used by Internet service providers to improve their network performance and provide better service quality to users. While flow-based TE is an alternative, destination-based TE is a more readily deployed solution. This is because destination-based forwarding is ubiquitously supported by today's routers. A challenge faced by state-of-the-art destination-based TE solutions is considerable time taken by a centralized controller to update traffic split ratios for each entry of the forwarding table of each router. This could impose a fundamental limitation on how responsively the network can react to dynamic changes of traffic demands. In this paper, we propose SmartEntry, a destination-based routing solution coupled with Reinforcement Learning (RL) to reduce the number of the forwarding entries that need to be updated to respond to dynamic change of traffic demands. SmartEntry forwards majority traffic on Equal-Cost Multi-Path (ECMP) and redistributes a small portion of traffic using our proposed RL algorithm. SmartEntry adopts Linear Programming (LP) to produce reward signals. This RL + LP combined approach turns out to be surprisingly effective. We evaluate SmartEntry by conducting extensive experiments on different network topologies with both real and synthesized traffic. The simulation results show that SmartEntry achieves near-optimal performance with a saving of 90% forwarding entry updates, and generalizes well to unseen traffic matrices.
Electrical and optical properties of III-V microdisk based LASERs fabricated on a CMOS pilot line (2010)

Efficient sources are required for on chip optical networks in integrated circuits. Performances of the first full CMOS compatible III-V microdisk LASERs coupled to waveguides and fabricated on a 200 mm pilot line are investigated.
The Phosphotyrosyl Phosphatase Activator of Protein Phosphatase 2A (1994)

A simple, improved procedure for the isolation of the phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator (PTPA) from rabbit skeletal muscle has been developed. The majority of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) was separated from PTPA at an early stage in the procedure. The procedure yields approximately 1 mg essentially pure PTPA/kg rabbit skeletal muscle; it was also applied to porcine brain and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The physico‐chemical properties of PTPA obtained from all sources are very similar. The pure rabbit skeletal muscle protein was used to raise polyclonal goat antibodies and to affinity purify these antibodies. Immunological studies revealed the presence of PTPA in all mammalian tissues and cell lines examined with differences in tissue distribution, brain showing the highest concentration. PTPA could only be detected in cytosolic fractions. Using a semi‐quantitative immunological assay (Western blot), the in vivo concentration could be estimated to be micromolar, which is in the same range as the PP2A target. The purified Xenopus oocyte PTPA showed only a weak cross reactivity, whereas yeast PTPA was not recognised by the antibody indicating some evolutionary diversity of the protein. In a PTPA‐affinity column chromatography, the weak interaction with PP2A was independent of the presence of ATP · Mg, a necessary cofactor in the activation process. Interaction of PTPA with PP2A in a 1:1 ratio induces a low ( k cat = 3 min ‐1 ) ATPase activity that is inhibited by okadaic acid, ADP and non‐hydrolysable ATP analogues.
Rate-interference trade-off between duplex modes in decode-and-forward relaying (2010)

We study the fundamental rate-interference trade-off between full-duplex and half-duplex transmission modes in a two-hop infrastructure-based decode-and-forward relay link. First, we derive closed-form expressions for average end-to-end capacities. Then, we show that it may be better to tolerate some loop interference in the full-duplex mode than to halve the end-to-end symbol rate by allocating two orthogonal time slots in the half-duplex mode. Furthermore, we evaluate the loop interference power levels below which the full-duplex mode achieves better capacity than the half-duplex mode. Our results indicate that the full-duplex mode is preferable in terms of capacity for many practical signal-to-noise ratios, e.g., above 3-10dB depending on the setup. Finally, we show that full-duplex relays can further improve the end-to-end capacity by adjusting transmit power.
Crazy Sequential Representations: Base 16 (0000 up to FFFF) (2019)

Abstract not available.
Sol–Gel Synthesis of $\hbox{Au/Cu-TiO}_{2}$ Nanocomposite and Their Morphological and Optical Properties (2013)

A facile single-step method was adopted to synthesize gold-modified copper-doped titania nanocomposites. Physicochemical properties of the synthesized material were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL), and TEM-based techniques. Our characterizations show that the material consisted of anatase-phase qausi-spherical titania nanoparticles (NPs), with 3-4-nm gold particles anchored on titania surface. According to diffuse UV-visible spectroscopic analysis, gold-modified copper-doped titania shows enhanced absorption in the visible-light spectrum compared with copper-doped titania and pure titania. Furthermore, a decrease in PL emission intensity is observed, and this is due to decreased electron-hole recombination, which is an attribute desired for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. Our present results highlight that these nanocomposites could be used as a photocatalyst for various applications in conjunction with visible solar radiation. The surface modifications make this material for many applications such as gas sensing and photodetection.
Designing a seismic program for an industrial CCS site: Trials and tribulations (2009)

Designing a seismic characterization and monitoring program for a site with high levels of industrial and cultural infrastructure is by not trivial. At the MGSC Phase III project site, a combination of 3D surface seismic and VSP surveys will be used for site characterization and to monitor the injected CO2. The sparse existing data have been carefully analyzed to design 3D surface seismic and VSP surveys that will fit within the surface constraints at the site and meet the greater objectives of the project. The seismic data will be used to map formation heterogeneities and characterize fractures.
Statistical timing analysis using Kernel smoothing (2007)

We have developed a new statistical timing analysis approach that does not impose any assumptions on the nature of manufacturing variability and takes into account an arbitrary model of spatial correlation as well as all types of functional correlations (e.g. reconvergence-based correlations). The starting point for statistical timing analysis is small scale Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. In order to speed-up the MC simulation process we use stratified balanced sampling and postprocessing of the simulation data using non-parametric kernel estimation. The MC simulation and the statistical analysis procedure are interleaved with the calculation of the critical paths. In order to speed up simulation, we identify and simulate only gates relevant for calculation of the clock cycle time. The application of statistical techniques enable not only accurate statistical timing analysis, but also stability and scalability analysis. The approach is evaluated using MCNC benchmarks and yields more than six orders of magnitude speed improvement compared with the standard MC simulation.
Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) Regulates Excitability and Refractory Period of the Guinea Pig Ureter (1994)

Previous studies have indicated that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), released from the peripheral endings of capsaicin-sensitive primary afferent neurons, may play a role as an inhibitory transmitter in the guinea pig ureter. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of capsaicin desensitization and administration of a CGRP receptor antagonist on the excitability and refractory period of the guinea pig ureter to electrical field stimulation. Electrical field stimulation using a long (5 msec.) pulse width produced phasic contractions of the ureter which were unaffected by tetrodotoxin, that is, were produced through direct excitation of ureteral smooth muscle. Human alpha CGRP (1 to 10 nM.) produced a concentration-dependent transient suppression of the evoked contractions, and its effect was prevented by the CGRP receptor antagonist human alpha CGRP(8-37) (1 microM.). In vitro capsaicin pretreatment (10 microM. for 15 minutes) to block neuropeptide release from peripheral endings of sensory nerves or administration of the CGRP receptor antagonist enhanced the responsiveness of the guinea pig ureter to electrical stimulation. In control ureters, the application of two trains of electrical stimuli failed to produce a second contraction at intertrain intervals greater than 20 seconds. The intertrain interval required to obtain a second contraction averaging 50% of the amplitude of the first response (ITI50) of control ureters was about 50 seconds. In vitro capsaicin pretreatment or administration of the CGRP receptor antagonist reduced the refractory period of the ureter to electrical field stimulation: ITI50 averaged 8.8 and 9.1 seconds after capsaicin or CGRP antagonist pretreatment, respectively. These findings demonstrate that capsaicin pretreatment or blockade of CGRP receptors produced qualitatively and quantitatively similar excitatory effects on ureteral excitability and refractory period and are in general agreement with the idea that CGRP is a primary inhibitory transmitter in guinea pig ureter. Inhibition of motility by CGRP could be important for setting the frequency of ureteral peristalsis and suppression of latent pacemakers to prevent the occurrence of antiperistaltic waves.
Fine Steering Mirror for Smallsat Pointing and Stabilization (2006)

SDL has used internal funds to develop a prototype low-cost 2-axis fine steering mirror (FSM) as an enabling technology for smallsats. The FSM has a lightweight high-reflectance mirror, high angular deflection capability for along-track ground motion compensation and cross-track pointing, and a high bandwidth to help cancel unwanted jitter. Key performance parameters areClear aperture, 75 mm; along-track angle, ±30 deg (mechanical); cross-track angle, ±60 deg (mechanical); slew rate, greater than 75 deg/sec; bandwidth, 70 Hz; steadystate average error, as good as 1 arcsec; average power dissipation, 0.4 Watts; and total mechanical mass, 1 kg. The FSM makes use of off-the-shelf components as much as possible. Key components for the along-track (elevation) axis include a rotary voice coil and a unique non-contact feedback sensor. The cross-track (azimuth) axis features a brushless DC motor and a high-resolution optical encoder. Rapid prototyping, autocoding, and real-time hardwarein- the-loop (HIL) testing were used to develop the control algorithms. The cost for the first prototype (including labor and materials) was about $200K.
Stellar coronagraphs for telescopes with arbitrary pupils (2003)

Traditional coronagraph design is reviewed and extended to the case of arbitrary pupil geometries with adaptive optics (AO). By selecting a desired focal plane occulting mask and specifying the expected Strehl ratio achieved by the AO system, the design for a matched Lyot stop is given. The outline of the optimum Lyot stop is derived using general considerations of the residual halo from an on-axis source, as well as by maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio. A continuous transmission variant of the optimum Lyot stop is also found by means of a heuristic argument. It is suggested that essentially the same result may be found using a matched-filter analog from signal processing theory. The resulting Lyot stops for multi-segment telescope apertures can be quite unexpected, and a case with six circular segments is considered as an example.
Characterization of a comprehensive two-dimensional anion exchange-perfusive reversed phase liquid chromatography system for improved separations of peptides (2000)

Improved two-dimensional separations of nanoliter volumes of peptides are presented. The two-dimensional anion exchange-reversed phase chromatography system described here is the result of several modifications of a two-dimensional system described previously. The primary change is the implementation of a perfusive stationary phase in the second separation dimension. The improved system has a peak capacity of 2028 as compared to 1050 for the previously described system. The limit of detection is 0.78 attomoles. The higher resolving power and retention time reproducibility of the modified system are demonstrated with two-dimensional chromatograms of the peptides obtained from a tryptic digest of porcine thyroglobulin. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 371–377, 2000
Mousetap, a Novel Technique to Collect Uncontaminated Vitreous or Aqueous and Expand Usefulness of Mouse Models (2018)

Vitreous or aqueous humour taps are widely used in patients or large animals with retinal diseases to monitor disease biomarkers, search for novel biomarkers, assess the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier, or perform pharmacokinetic or pharmacodynamics studies. Although there are many useful mouse models of retinal diseases, the small size of mouse eyes has precluded vitreous or aqueous taps. Herein we describe a novel technique, mousetap, which allows collection of vitreous or aqueous humour uncontaminated by blood or tissue surrounding the vitreous cavity. Mousetap was used to obtain vitreous samples from several mouse models of retinal vascular diseases and vitreous albumin measured by ELISA was highly reproducible among mice of the same model. The mean vitreous albumin concentration differed widely among control mice and mice of different models and correlated with fluorescein angiographic assessment of vascular leakage severity. Protein arrays showed increases in levels of several vasoactive proteins in the vitreous from mice with oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy compared with age-matched controls; almost all of these proteins are increased in the vitreous of patients with the most common human ischemic retinopathy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Thus, mousetap facilitates the use of mice for studies previously reserved for large animal models and patients.
Impact of NO Annealing on Flatband Voltage Instability due to Charge Trapping in SiС MOS Devices (2016)

We evaluated the effect of NO annealing on hole trapping characteristic of SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor by measuring flatband voltage (V FB ) shifts during a constant negative gate voltage stress under UV illumination. Under low stress voltages, the V FB shift due to hole trapping was found to be suppressed by NO annealing. However, the V FB shift of the NO-annealed device increases significantly with stress time under high stress voltage conditions, while the device without NO annealing showed only a slight shift. This result implies that NO annealing enhances generation of hole traps, leading to the degradation of SiC-MOS devices in long-term reliability.
Efficient asymmetric hydrogenation with rhodium complexes of C1-symmetric 2,5-dimethylphospholane-diphenylphosphines (2004)

The unsymmetrical, optically active ligands 1,2-C(6)H(4)(PPh(2))((R,R)-2,5-dimethylphospholanyl) and the new 1,1'-Fe(C(5)H(4))(2)(PPh(2))((R,R)-2,5-dimethylphospholanyl) form complexes of the type [PtCl(2)(diphos)] and [Rh(diphos)(diene)][BF(4)]. The crystal structure of reveals that only one quadrant is blocked. Asymmetric hydrogenation of acrylic esters and enamides using and as catalysts show that the phenylene-backboned diphosphine gives a more efficient catalyst in terms of asymmetric induction than the more flexible ferrocene-backboned diphosphine. The best results, which were obtained with and enamide substrates, exceeded those obtained with Duphos catalysts. The rate of hydrogenation of the enamides with was 10 times faster than with [Rh(Duphos)(diene)][BF(4)]. A quadrant diagram can be used to predict the configuration of the major product, provided it is assumed to be derived from the less sterically congested intermediate.
Product high-order ambiguity function for multicomponent polynomial-phase signal modeling (1998)

Parameter estimation and performance analysis issues are studied for multicomponent polynomial-phase signals (PPSs) embedded in white Gaussian noise. Identifiability issues arising with existing approaches are described first when dealing with multicomponent PPS having the same highest order phase coefficients. This situation is encountered in applications such as synthetic aperture radar imaging or propagation of polynomial phase signals through channels affected by multipath and is thus worthy of a careful analysis. A new approach is proposed based on a transformation called product high-order ambiguity function (PHAF). The use of the PHAF offers a number of advantages with respect to the high-order ambiguity function (HAF). More specifically, it removes the identifiability problem and improves noise rejection capabilities. Performance analysis is carried out using the perturbation method and verified by simulation results.
KrF laser-driven xenon plasma light source of a small-field exposure tool (2006)

A small field exposure tool (SFET) is currently being built in Japan by the Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography System Development Association (EUVA) and Canon Inc. The laser plasma light source of SFET has been developed at the EUVA Hiratsuka R&D center. The drive laser of the xenon plasma source is a short-pulse, high-power KrF laser, that has been developed in cooperation with Gigaphoton Inc. and Komatsu Ltd. The laser has a maximum output power of 580W at 4kHz repetition rate. The xenon target is a 50 micrometer diameter liquid jet with a speed of about 30 m/s. The source has been designed to generate 0.5W in-band power at the intermediate focus at a collecting solid angle of pi sr. The set-up of the source at the Hiratsuka R&D center has been completed and the source is now being evaluated.
Regulation of Primary Response Genes in B Cells (2013)

Deregulated gene expression in B cells often results in various lymphoid malignancies and immune deficiencies. Therefore, understanding signal-induced gene regulatory pathways involved during B cell activation is important to tackle pathologies associated with altered B cell function. Primary response genes (PRGs) are rapidly induced upon signaling in B cells and other cell types and often encode oncogenic transcription factors, which are associated with various malignancies. However, an important issue that remains unclear is whether the fundamental mechanism of activation of these genes is essentially the same under such diverse conditions. c-fos is a PRG that is induced rapidly upon activation of B cells in response to a wide variety of stimuli. Using the c-fos gene as a candidate PRG, we addressed here how it is regulated in response to tumor-promoting and antigen-mimicking signals. Our results show that although the mRNA was induced and extinguished within minutes in response to both signals, surprisingly, apparently full-length unspliced pre-mRNA persisted for several hours in both cases. However, although the mitogenic signal resulted in a more sustained mRNA response that persisted for 4 h, antigenic signaling resulted in a more robust but very transient response that lasted for <1 h. Moreover, the pre-mRNA profile exhibited significant differences between the two signals. Additionally, the splicing regulation was also observed with egr-2, but not with c-myc. Together, these results suggest a previously underappreciated regulatory step in PRG expression in B cells.
The Gut Microbiome of Adults With Type 1 Diabetes and Its Association With the Host Glycemic Control (2022)

&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;OBJECTIVE &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Previous studies have demonstrated an association between gut microbiota composition and Type 1 diabetes (T1D) pathogenesis. However, little is known about the composition and function of the gut microbiome in adults with longstanding T1D or its association with host glycemic control. &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;We performed a metagenomic analysis of the gut microbiome obtained from fecal samples of 74 adults with T1D, 14.6 ± 9.6 years following diagnosis, and compared their microbial composition and function to 296 age-matched healthy controls (1:4 ratio). We further analysed the association between microbial taxa and indices of glycemic control derived from continuous glucose monitoring measurements and blood tests and constructed a prediction model which solely takes microbiome features as input to evaluate the discriminative power of microbial composition for distinguishing individuals with T1D from controls. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;RESULTS &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;Adults with T1D had a distinct microbial signature that separated them from controls when employing prediction algorithms on held-out subjects (auAUC=0.89±0.03). Linear discriminant analysis showed several bacterial species with significantly higher scores in T1D, including &lt;i&gt;Prevotella copri &lt;/i&gt;and&lt;i&gt; Eubacterium siraeum, &lt;/i&gt;and&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;species with higher scores in controls, including&lt;i&gt; Firmicutes bacterium &lt;/i&gt;and&lt;i&gt; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii &lt;/i&gt;(p &lt;0.05, FDR corrected for all). On the functional level, several metabolic pathways were significantly lower in adults with T1D. Several bacterial taxa and metabolic pathways were associated with the host’s glycemic control. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;CONCLUSIONS &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;We identified a distinct gut microbial signature in adults with longstanding T1D and associations between microbial taxa, metabolic pathways, and glycemic control indices. Additional mechanistic studies are needed to identify the role of these bacteria for potential therapeutic strategies. &lt;/p&gt;
Application of S-PIV for Investigation of Round and Shaped Film Cooling Holes at High Density Ratios (2016)

Hot section turbine engine components are often cooled through the use of a cool film of air on the component wall. The source of the air used for film cooling comes from the compressor of the gas turbine engine and may be 800°C, or more, cooler than the hot gas path air. The temperature differential between the hot mainstream gas and the film coolant results in a large difference in density between the two gases. In order to investigate the effect of high density ratios on film cooling performance, a traditional, round hole (θ = 30°) and a laidback, fan shaped hole (θ = 30°, α = γ = 10°) were observed using Stereo-Particle Image Velocimetry (S-PIV). Flowfield measurements were performed on various planes downstream of the film cooling hole (x/d = 0, 1, 3 and 10 for the round hole and x/d = 0, 3, and 10 for the shaped hole). At each location the coolant-to-mainstream interaction was captured at multiple density ratios (DR = 1, 2, 3, 4) and blowing ratios (M = 0.5, 1.0, 1.5). Using S-PIV, the three-dimensional flow field was measured. Distributions of the flow vorticity were derived from the high speed velocity measurements taken during S-PIV testing. For the simple angle, round holes, the results show at the elevated density ratios, the coolant spreads laterally near the hole; while at DR = 1, the coolant trace is limited to the width of the film cooling hole. Furthermore, as the cooling jet exits from the round hole, the vorticity within the jet is very strong, leading to increased mixing with the mainstream. However, as the density ratio increases (at a given blowing ratio), this mixing was reduced. For a given flow condition, the rotation was reduced with the jet exiting the shaped hole (compared to the round hole), and this led to enhanced protection on the surface. While investigating both round and shaped holes, it was shown the S-PIV method is a valuable tool to observe and quantify the jet–to–mainstream interactions near the film cooled surface.