gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Student preparation and analysis of chloride and calcium ion selective electrodes. A multipurpose experiment (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudent preparation and analysis of chloride and calcium ion selective electrodes. A multipurpose experimentBaird W. Lloyd , Frank L. O'Brien , and W. David Wilson Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1976, 53, 5, 328Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1976Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1976Published inissue 1 May 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ed053p328RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views462Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Targeting Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP)–MHC Complex with CAR T-Cell Therapy for Liver Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Epitope mapping of clones A-D by alanine scanning mutagenesis. Supplementary Figure S2. Analysis of the selectivity of ET1402L1 (clone B) towards AFP158. Supplementary Figure S3. Analysis of the potential risk for cross-presentation of AFP158 by normal cells. Supplementary Figure S4. Co-incubation of AFP-CAR T cells with antigen-positive cells induces production and release of cytokines. Supplementary Figure S5. AFP-CAR T cells can penetrate laminin-rich Matrigel and specifically kill AFP+/A2+ cells in vitro. Supplementary Figure S6. Representative quality control tests performed on each batch of AFP-CAR T cells manufactured for in vivo studies. Supplementary Figure S7. T cell subset analysis to determine distribution of TNaive, TCM TEM, and TEffector cell populations. Supplementary Figure S8. Analysis of human CD3+ T cells in Hep G2 s.c. tumors from i.v.- treated mice. Supplementary Figure S9. Determination of the number of AFP158/HLA-A*02:01 complexes expressed on the surface of liver cancer cells. Supplementary Table S1. Chimeric mouse IgG1 antibody binding affinity to AFP158/HLAA* 02:01.&lt;/p&gt;
Grating-based phase-contrast and dark-field computed tomography: a single-shot method (2017)

Grating-based X-ray interferometry offers vast potential for imaging materials and tissues that are not easily visualised using conventional X-ray imaging. Tomographic reconstruction based on X-ray interferometric data provides not only access to the attenuation coefficient of an object, but also the refractive index and information about ultra-small-angle scattering. This improved functionality comes at the cost of longer measurement times because existing projection-based signal extraction algorithms require not only a single measurement per projection angle but several with precise grating movements in between. This obstacle hinders the adaptation of grating-based interferometry into a continuously rotating gantry. Several solutions to this problem have been proposed but all suffer from major drawbacks. We present results using an iterative reconstruction algorithm working directly on the interferograms. The suggested direct approach enables improved image quality, since interpolations and unnecessary assumptions about the object are circumvented. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to successfully reconstruct the linear attenuation coefficient, the refractive index and the linear diffusion coefficient, which is a measure related to ultra-small-angle scattering, using a single measurement per projection angle and without any grating movements. This is a milestone for future clinical implementation of grating-based phase-contrast and dark-field contrast X-ray computed tomography.
Experiments in Underwater Feature Tracking with Performance Guarantees Using a Small AUV (2022)

We present the results of experiments performed using a small autonomous underwater vehicle to determine the location of an isobath within a bounded area. The primary contribution of this work is to implement and integrate several recent developments real-time planning for environmental mapping, and to demonstrate their utility in a challenging practical example. We model the bathymetry within the operational area using a Gaussian process and propose a reward function that represents the task of mapping a desired isobath. As is common in applications where plans must be continually updated based on real-time sensor measurements, we adopt a receding horizon framework where the vehicle continually computes near-optimal paths. The sequence of paths does not, in general, inherit the optimality properties of each individual path. Our real-time planning implementation incorporates recent results that lead to performance guarantees for receding-horizon planning.
Differentiation of NUT Midline Carcinoma by Epigenomic Reprogramming (2011)

NUT midline carcinoma (NMC) is a lethal pediatric tumor defined by the presence of BRD-NUT fusion proteins that arrest differentiation. Here we explore the mechanisms underlying the ability of BRD4-NUT to prevent squamous differentiation. In both gain-of and loss-of-expression assays, we find that expression of BRD4-NUT is associated with globally decreased histone acetylation and transcriptional repression. Bulk chromatin acetylation can be restored by treatment of NMC cells with histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), engaging a program of squamous differentiation and arrested growth in vitro that closely mimics the effects of siRNA-mediated attenuation of BRD4-NUT expression. The potential therapeutic utility of HDACi differentiation therapy was established in three different NMC xenograft models, where it produced significant growth inhibition and a survival benefit. Based on these results and translational studies performed with patient-derived primary tumor cells, a child with NMC was treated with the FDA-approved HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat. An objective response was obtained after five weeks of therapy, as determined by positron emission tomography. These findings provide preclinical support for trials of HDACi in patients with NMC.
Effect of Atmospheric Conditions on LIBS Spectra (2010)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is typically performed at ambient Earth atmospheric conditions. However, interest in LIBS in other atmospheric conditions has increased in recent years, especially for use in space exploration (e.g., Mars and Lunar) or to improve resolution for isotopic signatures. This review focuses on what has been reported about the performance of LIBS in reduced pressure environments as well as in various gases other than air.
Fringing Electric Field Effect on 65-nm-Node Fully Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator Devices (2006)

In this study, the fringing electric field effect on 65-nm-node technology fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD SOI) device is comprehensively examined. A new anomalous degradation in device on-state/off-state characteristics on a nanoscale metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) with high-κ gate dielectrics is reported, the so-called fringing-induced barrier lowering (FIBL). This is due to the decrease in fringing electric field and increase in the gate dielectric thickness when gate dielectric permittivity increased. We observe that FIBL can be effectively suppressed using a stack gate dielectric structure. In addition, we also implement a high-κ offset spacer to further improve the on-state driving current Ion to approximately 26% higher than that of a conventional silicon dioxide offset spacer and reduce the off-state leakage current Ioff by about 34%. This benefit is due to the enhanced high vertical channel electric field obtained via the offset spacer using a high-κ material as a spacer. This enhanced fringing electric field can markedly increase Ion/Ioff current ratio and reduce subthreshold swing (S-factor) to improve MOSFET performance, which implies that gate-to-channel controllability can be improved markedly. This would play an important role beyond the 65-nm-node technology.
Synthesis of Statistically Representative Driving Cycle for Tracked Vehicles (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Drive cycles are a core piece of vehicle development testing methodology. The control and calibration of the vehicle is often tuned over drive cycles as they are the best representation of the real-world driving the vehicle will see during deployment. To obtain general performance numerous drive cycles must be generated to ensure final control and calibration avoids overfitting to the specifics of a single drive cycle. When real-world driving cycles are difficult to acquire methods can be used to create statistically similar synthetic drive cycles to avoid the overfitting problem. This subject has been well addressed within the passenger vehicle domain but must be expanded upon for utilization with tracked off-road vehicles. Development of hybrid tracked vehicles has increased this need further. This study shows that turning dynamics have significant influence on the vehicle power demand and on the power demand on each individual track. Hybrid tracked vehicle development must consider both power demands as they are a key factor when deciding location and sizing of electrified powertrain components. This study identifies four key parameters that must be included in drive cycle development for tracked vehicles and proposes a Markov chain model framework to generate synthetic drive cycles from limited reference data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Naturally Occurring Compounds/Materials as Alternatives to Synthetic Chemical Insecticides for Use in Fire Ant Management (2020)

The invasive red imported fire ant, <i>Solenopsis invicta</i> Buren (hereafter, fire ants), is a significant threat to public health and a danger to livestock, pets and wildlife due to their venomous stings. The fire ant has invaded many countries and regions and has become a globally significant pest. The current major tool to manage fire ants are synthetic insecticides that are used largely as stomach poisons in bait products or contact insecticides in spray, broadcast, drench, and dust products for area and nest treatments. In addition to these insecticide products, repellants and fumigants can also be useful in some unique scenarios. The ever-increasing public concern about the potential adverse effects of synthetic insecticides on health and the environment has been a driving force for searching for safer alternatives to control fire ants. Tremendous effort has been made in developing biologically-based control for managing fire ants; however, natural products continue to be one of the most attractive sources of safe alternatives to synthetic insecticides. Here, we summarized the synthetic insecticides that are currently used in managing fire ants, available alternative products in the current market, and academic efforts in searching for fire ant natural toxins, repellants and fumigants.
Structural basis for disruption of claudin assembly in tight junctions by an enterotoxin (2016)

The food-poisoning bacterium Clostridium perfringens produces an enterotoxin (~35 kDa) that specifically targets human claudin-4, among the 26 human claudin proteins, and causes diarrhea by fluid accumulation in the intestinal cavity. The C-terminal domain of the Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin (C-CPE, ~15 kDa) binds tightly to claudin-4, and disrupts the intestinal tight junction barriers. In this study, we determined the 3.5-Å resolution crystal structure of the cell-free synthesized human claudin-4•C-CPE complex, which is significantly different from the structure of the off-target complex of an engineered C-CPE with mouse claudin-19. The claudin-4•C-CPE complex structure demonstrated the mechanism underlying claudin assembly disruption. A comparison of the present C-CPE-bound structure of claudin-4 with the enterotoxin-free claudin-15 structure revealed sophisticated C-CPE-induced conformation changes of the extracellular segments, induced on the foundation of the rigid four-transmembrane-helix bundle structure. These conformation changes provide a mechanistic model for the disruption of the lateral assembly of claudin molecules. Furthermore, the present novel structural mechanism for selecting a specific member of the claudin family can be used as the foundation to develop novel medically important technologies to selectively regulate the tight junctions formed by claudin family members in different organs.
Implications of glial metabolic dysregulation in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases (2022)

Glial cells are the most abundant cells of the brain, outnumbering neurons. These multifunctional cells are crucial for maintaining brain homeostasis by providing trophic and nutritional support to neurons, sculpting synapses, and providing an immune defense. Glia are highly plastic and undergo both structural and functional alterations in response to changes in the brain microenvironment. Glial phenotypes are intimately regulated by underlying metabolic machinery, which dictates the effector functions of these cells. Altered brain energy metabolism and chronic neuroinflammation are common features of several neurodegenerative diseases. Microglia and astrocytes are the major glial cells fueling the ongoing neuroinflammatory process, exacerbating neurodegeneration. Distinct metabolic perturbations in microglia and astrocytes, including altered carbohydrate, lipid, and amino acid metabolism have been documented in neurodegenerative diseases. These disturbances aggravate the neurodegenerative process by potentiating the inflammatory activation of glial cells. This review covers the recent advances in the molecular aspects of glial metabolic changes in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, we discuss studies exploiting glial metabolism as a potential therapeutic avenue in neurodegenerative diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Directed Lithiation of 1,1′‐Bis(methoxymethyl)ferrocene. (1990)

Abstract The bis(methoxymethyl)ferrocene (I) is deprotonated with tert‐butyllithium and then treated with ethyl chloroformate (II) to give the disubstituted isomers (III) and (IV), together with the monocarboxylate (V).
Molecular dynamics simulation of the energetic reaction between Ni and Al nanoparticles (2009)

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to simulate the energetic reaction of Ni and Al particles at the nanometer scale. The effect of particle size on reaction time and temperature for separate nanoparticles has been considered as a model system for a powder metallurgy system. Coated nanoparticles in the form of Ni-coated Al nanoparticles and Al-coated Ni nanoparticles are also analyzed as a model for nanoparticles embedded within a matrix. The differences in melting temperature and phase change behavior, e.g., the volumetric expansion of Al between Al and Ni, are expected to produce differing results for the coated nanoparticle systems. For instance, the volumetric expansion of Al upon melting is expected to produce large tensile stresses and possibly rupture in the Ni shell for Ni-coated Al. Simulation results show that the sintering time for separate and coated nanoparticles is nearly linearly dependent on the number of atoms or volume of the sintering nanoparticles. We have also found that nanoparticle size and surface energy are important factors in determining the adiabatic reaction temperature for both systems at nanoparticle sizes of less than 10 nm in diameter.
Capacitor voltage ripple minimization in modular multilevel converters (2015)

Modular multilevel converters provide high power quality, high reliability and flexible voltage and power scalability. However, large capacitor voltage ripple is one of the main drawbacks of this topology. This ripple reduces the capacitor lifetime and, due to the large capacitance required to limit it, increases the size and cost of the converter. In this work, the capacitor voltage ripple is expressed in terms of energy and decomposed into components which have a defined frequency harmonic behaviour. Using this decomposition, a control scheme to eliminate the low frequency components and, hence, to minimize the amplitude of the voltage ripple is proposed. The proposed control scheme generates references for circulating current and common-mode voltage achieving a reduction of 60% of the original ripple.
A tool for tracking visual attention: The Restricted Focus Viewer (2003)

Eye-tracking equipment has proven useful in examining the cognitive processes people use when understanding and reasoning with visual stimuli. However, eye-tracking has several drawbacks: accurate eye-tracking equipment is expensive, it is often awkward for participants, it requires frequent recalibration, and the data can be difficult to interpret. We introduce an alternative tool: the Restricted Focus Viewer (RFV). This is a computer program that takes an image, blurs it, and displays it on a computer monitor, allowing the participant to see only a small region of the image in focus at any time. The region in focus can be moved using the computer mouse. The RFV records what the participant is focusing on at any point in time. It is cheap, nonintrusive, does not require calibration, and provides accurate data about which region is being focused on. We describe this tool and also provide experimental comparisons with eye-tracking. The RFV (Version 2.1) is freely available at http://www.csse.monash.edu. au/projects/RFV/.
Projective factorization of planes and cameras in multiple views (2003)

This paper proposes a novel method for the projective reconstruction of planes and cameras from multiple images by factorizing a matrix containing all planar homographies between a reference view and all other views. If some planes are not visible in all views an alternative method is presented which solves the problem in two steps: a) all camera centers are recovered simultaneously; b) all planes are reconstructed. The key idea of both methods is to specify one of the planes, which is visible in all views, as the plane at infinity. The methods were applied to synthetic and real data, where VRML models can be created with a small amount of user interaction.
Metamaterials with index ellipsoids at arbitrary k-points (2018)

Propagation behaviors of electromagnetic waves are governed by the equifrequency surface of the medium. Up to now, ordinary materials, including the medium exist in nature and the man-made metamaterials, always have an equifrequency surface (ellipsoid or hyperboloid) centered at zero k-point. Here we propose a new type of metamaterial possessing multiple index ellipsoids centered at arbitrary nonzero k-points. Their locations in momentum space are determined by the connectivity of a set of interpenetrating metallic scaffolds, whereas the group velocities of the modes are determined by the geometrical details. Such system is a new class of metamaterial whose properties arise from global connectivity and hence can have broadband functionality in applications such as negative refraction, orientation-dependent coupling effect, and cavity without walls, and they are fundamentally different from ordinary resonant metamaterials that are inherently bandwidth limited. We perform microwave experiments to confirm our findings.
Three-phase harmonic reducing diode rectifier (2012)

Diode rectifiers are essential utility interfaces for several power converter systems and those provide useful characteristics such as cheap, light weight, compact, high efficiency, lower producing EMI noises, robust for fault high current and etc. Only the unwanted feature of the diode rectifiers is greatly distorted input current which may cause harmonic pollution in power systems. The authors propose a 24-pulse three-phase diode rectifier by means of a simple and unique topology. In this paper, the topology and operating principle are shown and the performance and the practicability are validated through experiments.
Activating Mineralocorticoid Receptor Mutation in Hypertension Exacerbated by Pregnancy (2000)

Hypertension and pregnancy-related hypertension are major public health problems of largely unknown causes. We describe a mutation in the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), S810L, that causes early-onset hypertension that is markedly exacerbated in pregnancy. This mutation results in constitutive MR activity and alters receptor specificity, with progesterone and other steroids lacking 21-hydroxyl groups, normally MR antagonists, becoming potent agonists. Structural and biochemical studies indicate that the mutation results in the gain of a van der Waals interaction between helix 5 and helix 3 that substitutes for interaction of the steroid 21-hydroxyl group with helix 3 in the wild-type receptor. This helix 5-helix 3 interaction is highly conserved among diverse nuclear hormone receptors, suggesting its general role in receptor activation.
Understanding heterogeneous tumor microenvironment in metastatic melanoma (2019)

&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;A systemic analysis of the tumor-immune interactions within the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment is of particular importance for understanding the antitumor immune response. We used multiplexed immunofluorescence to elucidate cellular spatial interactions and T-cell infiltrations in metastatic melanoma tumor microenvironment. We developed two novel computational approaches that enable infiltration clustering and single cell analysis—cell aggregate algorithm and cell neighborhood analysis algorithm—to reveal and to compare the spatial distribution of various immune cells relative to tumor cell in sub-anatomic tumor microenvironment areas. We showed that the heterogeneous tumor human leukocyte antigen-1 expressions differently affect the magnitude of cytotoxic T-cell infiltration and the distributions of CD20+ B cells and CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells within and outside of T-cell infiltrated tumor areas. In a cohort of 166 stage III melanoma samples, high tumor human leukocyte antigen-1 expression is required but not sufficient for high T-cell infiltration, with significantly improved overall survival. Our results demonstrate that tumor cells with heterogeneous properties are associated with differential but predictable distributions of immune cells within heterogeneous tumor microenvironment with various biological features and impacts on clinical outcomes. It establishes tools necessary for systematic analysis of the tumor microenvironment, allowing the elucidation of the “homogeneous patterns” within the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ceramic Foams Coated with Zeolite Crystals (2005)

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