gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compartmentalization of tumor cells to the CSF or peripheral blood of a breast cancer patient with CNS metastasis. (2012)

e11544 Background: We recently adapted the CellSearch system to detect cerebrospinal fluid tumor cells (CSFTCs) in breast cancer patients with CNS metastases and found that the CSFTCs correlate with disease burden. Here, we present the enumeration of CSFTCs and peripheral blood tumor cells (PBTCs) in a patient with metastatic breast cancer during treatment with intrathecal (IT) chemotherapy. Methods: We enumerated CSFTCs and PBTCs in a patient with ER+, Her2-, BRCA2+ breast cancer and CNS metastases who received IT chemotherapy and systemic chemoradiation. The patient was initially diagnosed with locally advanced breast cancer and underwent bilateral mastectomies followed by AC-T one year prior to CNS relapse. Tumor cell enumeration was conducted every 1-2 weeks from 7.5mL of peripheral blood or 9mL of CSF along with CSF cytology, Karnofsky performance status (KPS), neurologic examination and radiographic studies during the IT chemotherapy and subsequent systemic chemoradiation. Results: At the beginning of the IT chemotherapy the patient presented with diplopia, gait ataxia, 7 th facial nerve palsy, confusion, and intractable headaches, an initial burden of 19570 CSFTCs and 10-45 PBTCs, a KPS of 80, and no systemic disease. Tumor cell counts dropped rapidly in response to IT therapy alone to 0-1 CSFTCs and 3 PBTCs, all neurologic symptoms resolved, and the KPS increased to 90. The patient subsequently suffered progression of systemic disease with development of bone and brachial plexus metastases. PBTCs rose from 3 to 64 during this same period, whereas CSFTCs remained at 0-1. The CA 27-29 level increased from 111 to 214. CSF cytology and neuro-radiographic imaging cleared in the face of progressive systemic disease. Conclusions: There was a compartmentalization of metastatic tumor cells to either the blood or the CSF in this patient. We hypothesize that tumor cells in the CSF or peripheral blood migrate to the untreated compartment during compartmentalized therapy, resulting in disease recurrence in the untreated compartment. Preliminary data on other patients supports this hypothesis, which may represent an important mechanism for disease recurrence in patients with potentially curable disease.
Graphene Oxide Thin Films for Flexible Nonvolatile Memory Applications (2010)

There has been strong demand for novel nonvolatile memory technology for low-cost, large-area, and low-power flexible electronics applications. Resistive memories based on metal oxide thin films have been extensively studied for application as next-generation nonvolatile memory devices. However, although the metal oxide based resistive memories have several advantages, such as good scalability, low-power consumption, and fast switching speed, their application to large-area flexible substrates has been limited due to their material characteristics and necessity of a high-temperature fabrication process. As a promising nonvolatile memory technology for large-area flexible applications, we present a graphene oxide based memory that can be easily fabricated using a room temperature spin-casting method on flexible substrates and has reliable memory performance in terms of retention and endurance. The microscopic origin of the bipolar resistive switching behavior was elucidated and is attributed to rupture and formation of conducting filaments at the top amorphous interface layer formed between the graphene oxide film and the top Al metal electrode, via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and in situ X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. This work provides an important step for developing understanding of the fundamental physics of bipolar resistive switching in graphene oxide films, for the application to future flexible electronics.
Differentially-Private Heat and Electricity Markets Coordination (2022)

Sector coordination between heat and electricity systems has been identified has an energy-efficient and cost-effective way to transition towards a more sustainable energy system. However, the coordination of sequential markets relies on the exchange of sensitive information between the market operators, namely time series of consumers’ loads. To address the privacy concerns arising from this exchange, this paper introduces a novel privacy-preserving Stackel-berg mechanism (w-PPSM) which generates differentially-private data streams with high fidelity. The proposed w-PPSM enforces the feasibility and fidelity of the privacy-preserving data with respect to the original problem through a post-processing phase in order to achieve a close-to-optimal coordination between the markets. Multiple numerical simulations in a realistic energy system demonstrate the effectiveness of the w-PPSM, which achieves up to two orders of magnitude reduction in the cost of privacy compared to a traditional differentially-private mechanism.
Correction to: Aspergillus niger is a superior expression host for the production of bioactive fungal cyclodepsipeptides (2018)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s40694-018-0048-3.].
Microaerobic fermentation of algae biomass residuals for mixed alcohol production and nutrient recycling. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
High dynamic range image sensor architectures (2010)

Digital photographers continuously demand more performance from their equipment. Digital camera performance is defined by a set of parameters including dynamic range, noise, frame rate, resolution, and color. Amongst these parameters dynamic range is becoming increasingly more important. This is true because the human eye typically has a wider dynamic range than a digital camera. In this paper we define dynamic range as the ratio of the maximum to the minimum signal that can be detected. At the heart of all digital cameras is either a CCD or a CMOS image sensor (CIS). The dynamic range of the sensor typically limits the dynamic range of the camera. In this paper we review five CIS architectures that are designed to improved dynamic range. We start by reviewing standard CCD and CIS architectures and then present a simple sensor model. Using this model we show how signal to noise ratio (SNR) can be used to evaluate different wide dynamic range (WDR) sensor architectures. Then we sequentially review five different wide dynamic range techniques. The first WDR technique is multiple gains, and the second technique is non-linear pixel response. The third technique is variable exposure, and the forth technique is well capacity recycling. The fifth and final technique is time to saturation. For each of these techniques we present the pixel level circuitry and its advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, all of these techniques are compared based on SNR and implementation complex. We discuss how implementation complexity affects signal processing in a digital camera, and other parameters in the sensor such as quantum efficiency and read noise. We conclude with a few summary comments.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Displacement of Sulfur from Chiral Centers. Activation via Thiaphosphonium Salts. (1986)

Abstract Eine neue Methode zur stereospezifischen, direkten nucleophilen Substitution der Mercaptogruppe bei chiralen Mercaptanen (I) wird beschrieben.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Lymphatic Zip Codes in Premalignant Lesions and Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Lymphatic Zip Codes in Premalignant Lesions and Tumors
Autoimmunity, Self-Tolerance, and MHC Class I Expression (1992)

Background: The major histocompatibility complex class II gene products are genetically linked to a diversity of autoimmune diseases. This has resulted in the belief that abnormal MHC class II gene function or aberrant expression is the primary cause of autoimmunity. In the case of type I diabetes, the insulin secreting islets of Langerhans are destroyed and a specific amino acid substitution in the MHC class II gene, DQβ has the strongest genetic linkage with disease penetrance. Methods: Freshly prepared peripheral blood lymphocytes from type I diabetics as well as the NOD mouse, a murine model for autoimmune diabetes, were examined for proliferation to self antigens. Results: A defect in diabetic lymphocytes to properly recognize self antigens was localized to defective autologous antigen presentation on presenting cells such as B cells and macrophages; no defect was found in the proliferating T cells to autologous antigens. Furthermore, the diabetic autoimmune defect appeared to be due to the failure to present endogenous antigens for self tolerance in the groove of MHC class I. In the mouse and human, some of the genes that control proper MHC class I assembly are within the MHC class II gene region. In the NOD mouse, we demonstrate a unique RFLP pattern and decreased mRNA levels for one of these endogenous peptide supply factor genes. Conclusions: Autoimmune diabetes is characterized by decreased MHC class I expression on antigen presenting cells. MHC class I gene products are responsible for presentation of self antigens and this pathway appears to be essential for tolerance induction. The genetic linkage between autoimmune disease and MHC class II genes may be explained in part by abnormal MHC class II linked proteins that are necessary for MHC class I presentation of endogenous peptide fragments for self tolerance.
Activation of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 by Platelet-derived Growth Factor Is Essential for Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent Prostaglandin E2 Synthesis in Mouse Osteoblasts Cultured with Interleukin-1 (1997)

The synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) is regulated by the arachidonic acid release by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and its conversion to PGs by cyclooxygenase (COX). In the present study, we examined the regulation of PG synthesis by interleukin (IL)-1alpha in primary mouse osteoblastic cells isolated from mouse calvaria. Although IL-1alpha greatly enhanced cox-2 mRNA expression and its protein levels, PGE2 was not produced until 24 h. When arachidonic acid was added to osteoblastic cells precultured with IL-1alpha for 24 h, PGE2 was produced within 10 min. Of several growth factors tested, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) specifically initiated the rapid synthesis of PGE2, which was markedly suppressed by a selective inhibitor of cox-2 (NS-398). In mouse osteoblastic cells, cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) mRNA and its protein were constitutively expressed and increased approximately 2-fold by IL-1alpha, but secretory PLA2 mRNA was not detected. PDGF rapidly stimulated PLA2 activity, which was blocked completely by a cPLA2 inhibitor (arachidonyltrifluoromethyl ketone). The PDGF-induced cPLA2 activation was accompanied by phosphorylation of its protein. These results indicate that cox-2 induction by IL-1alpha is not sufficient, but cPLA2 activation by PDGF is crucial for IL-1alpha-induced PGE2 synthesis in mouse osteoblasts.
Chemo-bio catalyzed synthesis of R-1-phenylethyl acetate over bimetallic PdZn catalysts, lipase, and Ru/Al2O3. part I (2011)

The effect of calcination and reduction temperature on the physical properties of PdZn/Al2O3 catalysts, prepared by co-precipitation deposition technique and characterized by XPS, XRD, and TEM methods are reported. The temperatures were varied in a range of 300–500°C. The catalyst calcined at 300°C and reduced at 400°C exhibited the metal particle size of 2–6 nm and contained the highest surface concentrations of Pd and Zn according to XPS measurements. The size and the fraction of large particles (above 10 nm) increased with increasing the calcinations and reduction temperatures.
System Level Testing for ESD Susceptibility (2015)

This chapter provides an overview of system level testing for immunity to electrostatic discharge (ESD), as performed in manufacturing facilities and independent test laboratories. A system is a completed unit, module, or subsystem that may be affected by an ESD event. The purpose of ESD testing electronic and electronically controlled products is to ensure survivability and continued operation of electronic products when exposed to static discharges in the environment. System level ESD testing can be divided into two main areas: testing for compliance and testing for product reliability. The world's most widely used standard for testing systems is IEC 61000-4-2. Contact mode testing is the preferred test method since it eliminates some of the variables that are inherent in air discharge testing. For compliance purposes, ESD testing is performed to all surfaces of a product that are accessible to the operator.
Pharmacokinetics and D2 receptor occupancy of long-acting injectable risperidone (Risperdal Consta™) in patients with schizophrenia (2005)

Thirteen patients with schizophrenia received injections of 25, 50, or 75 mg of long-acting risperidone every 2 wk. Brain D2 receptor occupancy was assessed with [11C]raclopride 2 wk after the last (fifth) injection (day 71) in seven subjects and 2 wk after the third injection (day 44) in one subject. Stable plasma concentrations were reached after the third injection and steady-state concentrations of the active moiety (risperidone + 9-hydroxyrisperidone) after the fourth injection. Steady-state plasma concentrations were maintained for 4-5 wk after the last injection and then declined rapidly. After injections of 25, 50 and 75 mg on day 44 or day 71, D2 receptor occupancy ranged from 25-48%, 59-83% and 62-72% respectively, while plasma active-moiety levels ranged from 4.4-8.8, 15.0-31.1 and 22.5-26.3 ng/ml respectively. The results indicate that brain D2 receptor occupancy at steady state after injections of long-acting risperidone was in the range found in patients effectively treated with 2-6 mg of oral risperidone.
Investigation of Different Winding Configurations and Displacements of a Nine-Phase Permanent-Magnet-Synchronous Motor With Unbalanced AC Winding Structure (2019)

Integral-slot electrical machines require modifications and optimization of both stator and rotor to maximize the machine performance. In addition, sub-harmonics in magneto-motive force distributions is an important issue in motors with fractional-slot concentrated windings. These additional sub- and super-harmonics increase iron losses, which becomes an even bigger challenge in high speed/frequency applications. A permanent-magnet (PM) motor with unbalanced winding (UBW) and unconventional slot numbers is a good option for applications that require smooth torque output and low back electromotive force voltage harmonics. In this paper, different winding configurations and displacements of an unconventional nine-phase PM motor with both balanced fractional-slot winding and UBW structures have been investigated. The focus has been on 117-slot with 12-pole (for the balanced winding motor) and 36-pole (for the UBW motor) combinations. Motor prototypes with UBW configurations have been manufactured. The finite-element analyses results have been validated with experimental results and it is shown that such unconventional slot/pole combinations can be a good option for some high-power applications.
Cell-Based and Animal Models for Hepatitis B and C Viruses (1999)

Reliable cell-based assays and animal models have been developed for evaluating agents against hepatitis B virus. Although much progress has been made, in vitro and in vivo assays for hepatitis C virus are still on the horizon. Advances towards establishing inexpensive and reliable experimental models have accelerated the development of therapeutic modalities for these life-threatening viral infections. The characterization of well-defined viral targets coupled with improved molecular diagnostic technologies have illuminated this field.
V1391: Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy “A Clipless Technique” (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyVideo Session 5, Tuesday, May 22, 2007, 10:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2007V1391: Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy “A Clipless Technique” Ismail R. Saad, David A. Kunkle, Brett D. Lebed, Robert G. Uzzo, and David Y.T. Chen Ismail R. SaadIsmail R. Saad More articles by this author , David A. KunkleDavid A. Kunkle More articles by this author , Brett D. LebedBrett D. Lebed More articles by this author , Robert G. UzzoRobert G. Uzzo More articles by this author , and David Y.T. ChenDavid Y.T. Chen More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32189-XAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "V1391: Laparoscopic Adrenalectomy “A Clipless Technique”." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 458 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 458 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ismail R. Saad More articles by this author David A. Kunkle More articles by this author Brett D. Lebed More articles by this author Robert G. Uzzo More articles by this author David Y.T. Chen More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Data from An Open-Label, Multicenter, Phase I/II Study of JNJ-40346527, a CSF-1R Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; This phase I/II study investigated JNJ-40346527, a selective inhibitor of the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) tyrosine kinase as treatment for relapsed or refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Patients ≥18 years with histopathologically confirmed initial diagnosis of cHL that had relapsed or was refractory after ≥1 appropriate therapies were assigned to sequential cohorts of oral daily doses of JNJ-40346527 (150, 300, 450, 600 mg every day, and 150 mg twice a day). For the dose-escalation phase, the primary endpoint was to establish the recommended phase II dose. Secondary endpoints included safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-one patients [(150 mg: 3; 300 mg: 5; 450 mg: 3, 600 mg: 3) every day, and 150 mg twice a day: 7] were enrolled, 10 men, median age 40 (range, 19–75) years, median number of prior systemic therapies 6 (range, 3–14). No dose-limiting toxicities were observed; maximum-tolerated dose was not established. Best overall response was complete remission in 1 patient (duration, +352 days) and stable disease in 11 patients: (duration, 1.5–8 months). Median number of cycles: 4 (range, 1–16). Most common (≥20% patients) possibly drug-related adverse events (per investigator assessment) were nausea (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6), headache, and pyrexia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 5 each). JNJ-40346527 exposure increased in near dose-proportional manner over a dose range of 150 to 450 mg every day, but plateaued at 600 mg every day. Target engagement was confirmed (&gt;80% inhibition of CSF-1R phosphorylation, 4 hours after dosing).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; JNJ-40346527, a selective inhibitor of CSF-1R was well tolerated, and preliminary antitumor results suggested limited activity in monotherapy for the treatment of cHL. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1843–50. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes: The new hope brought by nanocatalyst immobilization (2022)

Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (persulfate-AOPs) offer great promise for environmental remediation, with heterogeneous catalysts providing the backbone of many wastewater purification technologies. Unlike conventional nanocatalyst heterogeneous systems, the immobilized-catalyst system can bypass the separation problem to reduce scour and prevent aggregation by anchoring nanoparticles onto porous or large-particle carriers. This review presents the state-of-the-art of knowledge concerning immobilization methodologies and reactors, reaction mechanisms, and activation performance. Immobilization techniques onto supports are summarized and discussed, including membrane-based reaction systems (immersion mode, and filtration mode), electrocatalytic auxiliary systems, and alternative supports (metallic glasses, aerogels, hydrogels, and specific materials). Key scientific problems and important prospects for the further development of immobilized catalysts are outlined.
Spin-orbit interaction, triplet lifetime, and fine-structure splitting of excitons in highly porous silicon (1995)

We present a theoretical treatment of the spin-orbit interaction in luminescent porous silicon. We calculate the radiative lifetime of the triplet exciton, which is determined by the spin-orbit interaction, and compare the results with experiment. We discuss previous work on the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) of porous silicon. We show that the spin-orbit interaction causes a substantial fine-structure broadening of the ODMR. Other workers have argued that the large linewidth of the triplet ODMR cannot be explained within the quantum-confinement theory of porous silicon. Our results demonstrate that this argument is incorrect.
Heat Transfer Correlations for Liquid Film in the Evaporator of Enclosed, Gravity-Assisted Thermosyphons (1998)

Heat transfer correlations were developed for the liquid film region, in the evaporator section of closed, two-phase, gravity-assisted thermosyphons in the following regimes: (a) laminar convection, at low heat fluxes, (b) combined convection, at intermediate heat fluxes, and (c) nucleate boiling, at high heat fluxes. These correlations were based on a data set consisting of a total of 305 points for ethanol, acetone, R-11, and R-113 working fluids, wall heat fluxes of 0.99–52.62 kW/m2, working fluid filling ratios of 0.01–0.62, inner diameters of 6–37 mm, evaporator section lengths of 50–609.6 mm, and vapor temperatures of 261–352 K. The combined convention data were correlated by superimposing the correlations of laminar convention and nucleate boiling using a power law approach, to ensure smooth transition among the three heat transfer regimes. The three heat transfer correlations developed in this work are within ±15 percent of experimental data.
THE EFFECT OF TORSIONAL MOMENTS ON THE POSTEROLATERAL ROTATORY INSTABILITY OF A LATERAL LIGAMENT-DEFICIENT ELBOW: A NOVEL BIOMECHANICAL MODELLING AND IN VITRO INVESTIGATION (2020)

Previous biomechanical studies of lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injuries and their surgical repair, reconstruction and rehabilitation have primarily relied on gravity effects with the arm in th...
Nuclear factor I/B is an oncogene in small cell lung cancer (2011)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive cancer often diagnosed after it has metastasized. Despite the need to better understand this disease, SCLC remains poorly characterized at the molecular and genomic levels. Using a genetically engineered mouse model of SCLC driven by conditional deletion of Trp53 and Rb1 in the lung, we identified several frequent, high-magnitude focal DNA copy number alterations in SCLC. We uncovered amplification of a novel, oncogenic transcription factor, Nuclear factor I/B (Nfib), in the mouse SCLC model and in human SCLC. Functional studies indicate that NFIB regulates cell viability and proliferation during transformation.