gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Antenna Polarization Axes in L-Band Aperture Synthesis Arrays With Dual Polarization Receivers for Earth Observation (2022)

This This paper reviews the choice of polarisation axes in aperture synthesis arrays for remote sensing of the Earth, in particular when using dual polarisation receivers. In this case, as it is shown, there is the freedom of adopting rotated polarisation axes across the array without signal loss. This is not possible in systems having dual polarised antennas connected to single channel receivers, as then, polarisation time multiplexing requires the same antenna polarisation at any time in all elements of the array if signal loss is to be avoided. The flexibility allowed by the first type of instrument leads to a simpler antenna design and system architecture, providing a clear advantage over other polarisation schemes. The review of the choice of the polarisation axes is performed in the frame of the development of an advanced antenna for a future L-band aperture synthesis radiometer, but the analysis is general and applicable to any instrument of this kind. This is a study undertaken by the European Space Agency aiming at a possible future high-resolution follow-on mission to the currently flying Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission.
Modern mains frequency energisation and control (2003)

Most modern precipitator installations are invariably energised from mains fre quency rectified equipment utilising the latest electrical and electronic components as described in Chapter 5. Generally the transformer input conditions are controlled by anti-parallel connected thyristors/silicon controlled rectifiers, which in turn are controlled by some form of microprocessor based automatic voltage control (AVC) system. Although the supply is generally a fully rectified voltage, many modern equipment designs have the facility of intermittent ener gisation to cater for specific fly ash conditions, or for power saving while meeting a target emission. The basic operating characteristics of a mains frequency rec tified power supply and the types of control will be examined in the following sections.
Behavior of Endogenous Tumor-Associated Macrophages Assessed In Vivo Using a Functionalized Nanoparticle (2009)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) invade the tumor stroma in many cancers, yet their role is incompletely understood. To visualize and better understand these critical cells in tumor progression, we screened a portfolio of rationally selected, injectable agents to image endogenous TAMs ubiquitously in three different cancer models (colon carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and soft tissue sarcoma). AMTA680, a functionally derivatized magneto-fluorescent nanoparticle, labeled a subset of myeloid cells with an "M2" macrophage phenotype, whereas other neighboring cells, including tumor cells and a variety of other leukocytes, remained unlabeled. We further show that AMTA680-labeled endogenous TAMs are not altered and can be tracked noninvasively at different resolutions and using various imaging modalities, e.g., fluorescence molecular tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and multiphoton and confocal intravital microscopy. Quantitative assessment of TAM distribution and activity in vivo identified that these cells cluster in delimited foci within tumors, show relatively low motility, and extend cytoplasmic protrusions for prolonged physical interactions with neighboring tumor cells. Noninvasive imaging can also be used to monitor TAM-depleting regimen quantitatively. Thus, AMTA680 or related cell-targeting agents represent appropriate injectable vehicles for in vivo analysis of the tumor microenvironment.
Candidate Selection for Large Scale Personalized Search and Recommender Systems (2017)

Modern day social media search and recommender systems require complex query formulation that incorporates both user context and their explicit search queries. Users expect these systems to be fast and provide relevant results to their query and context. With millions of documents to choose from, these systems utilize a multi-pass scoring function to narrow the results and provide the most relevant ones to users. Candidate selection is required to sift through all the documents in the index and select a relevant few to be ranked by subsequent scoring functions. It becomes crucial to narrow down the document set while maintaining relevant ones in resulting set. In this tutorial we survey various candidate selection techniques and deep dive into case studies on a large scale social media platform. In the later half we provide hands-on tutorial where we explore building these candidate selection models on a real world dataset and see how to balance the tradeoff between relevance and latency.
Two-Axis MEMS Lens Alignment System for Free-Space Optical Interconnect (2010)

We present a two-axis microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) lens aligner with a 260 μm × 220 μm translation range that positions a 6.35 mm lens with focal length f = 12.1 mm for alignment compensation of free-space optical interconnects (FSOIs) between computer servers separated by 50 mm spacing. Efficient ultrasonic linear piezoelectric motors (PMs) provide actuation with zero power required to hold the lens alignment. A four-channel FSOI is demonstrated with 1 × 4 vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) and photodiode (PD) arrays capable of 10 Gb/s transmission bandwidth. Demonstrated minimum step size of 1.68 μm is sufficient for aligning the 20 μm VCSEL spots onto the 40 μ m PD receivers. Force transmission between PMs and a silicon MEMS flexure stage is accomplished using a 1-mm steel ball bearing in a magnetic groove, providing compliance in the nondriven axis. The ball-coupling design has 15 μm backlash and induces a maximum of 8 μm of cross-axis motion.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS IN METAL TETRAHYDROBORATES PART 4, SYNTHESIS, VIBRATIONAL SPECTRA, AND PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE OF SOME BORON‐SUBSTITUTED TRIS(CYCLOPENTADIENYL)URANIUM(IV) TETRAHYDROBORATES (1975)

Abstract Die Reaktion von Tris‐[cyclopentadienyl]‐tetrahydridoborato‐U(IV) mit Triäthyloder Triphenylboran in siedendem Benzol führt zu den B‐monosubstituierten Titelkomplexen (I).
Morphological, electrical, and mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube/polysilsesquioxane composite (2008)

Abstract Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was modified with mixed acid. Diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)‐bridged polyorganosiloxanes was prepared. The multiwalled carbon nanotube/diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A‐bridged polysilsesquioxane (MWCNT/DGEBA‐PSSQ) composites was fabricated. The improvement of the affinity between MWCNT and the polymer matrix by acid modification was studied. SEM and TEM microphotographs confirm that acid‐modified MWCNT exhibits better dispersion than the unmodified MWCNT in DGBEA‐PSSQ. The mechanical and electrical properties of acid‐modified MWCNT/DGBEA‐PSSQ composites have been investigated. The tensile strength of the material increased 150.6% (with 1.0 wt % acid‐modified MWCNT). The flexural strength of the PSSQ increased 68.4% (with 0.6 wt % acid‐modified MWCNT). The Young's modulus of the material increased 189.3% (with 1.0 wt % acid‐modified MWCNT). The flexural modulus of the PSSQ increased 219.1% (with 0.8 wt % acid‐modified MWCNT). The surface and volume electrical resistivities of MWCNT/DGEBA‐PSSQ composites decreased 6 orders when 2.0 wt % of unmodified MWCNT was added to the PSSQ matrix. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Reducing Overhead for Low-Power Optical Wireless Communications (2022)

We demonstrate on-off-keying optical wireless transmissions according to the IEEE P802.15.13 PM-PHY, in which we replace the 8b10b line-coding by guided and non-guided data scramblers and compensate the remaining high-pass distortions through a frequency domain equalizer. The cyclic prefix length is identified as a critical parameter in balancing performance and transmission overhead, especially at low symbol rates. This is due to the high-pass characteristics of AC-coupled frontends causing baseline variation, effectively creating very long impulse responses. With a cyclic prefix length of 800 ns, 8b10b can be replaced by a scrambler and overhead is reduced by 50 %, while still maintaining an error-free transmission for all symbol rates from 12.5 to 200 MBd.
Apolipoprotein E Genotype and the Diagnostic Accuracy of Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers for Alzheimer Disease (2014)

Cerebrospinal fluid levels of Aβ42 are strongly associated with the diagnosis of AD and cortical Aβ accumulation independent of APOE genotype. The clinical cutoff for CSF levels of Aβ42 should be the same for all APOE genotypes.
Localization of a Pernicious Anaemia Autoantibody Epitope on the a'-Subunit of Human H,K-Adenosine Triphosphatase (1994)

Four cDNA fragments encoding different portions of the alpha-subunit of human H,K-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were amplified by means of the polymerase chain reaction technique, ligated into the plasmid pGEX-2T, and expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins in Escherichia coli. The fragments A (residues 163-313), Ba (residues 360-797), Bb (residues 526-797), and C (residues 822-1031) together encompass 77% of the alpha-subunit and cover most of its cytosolic part. The reactivities of autoantibodies in the sera from patients with pernicious anaemia with the recombinant fusion proteins were analysed by immunoblotting. One autoantigenic epitope was found in the NH2-terminal part of the Ba fragment--that is, between residues 360 and 525. No epitope was detected in the other fragments. The Ba fragment was cleaved off from the glutathione S-transferase fusion protein by the action of thrombin and was then further purified. By means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 28 of 42 sera (67%) from patients with pernicious anaemia were positive against the purified Ba fragment. The present results provide a final proof that the human H,K-ATPase alpha-subunit is a major autoantigen in the parietal cell and that the major epitope is located between residues 360 to 525 on the cytosolic side of the secretory membrane.
Compact, All-PM Fiber Integrated and Alignment-Free Ultrafast Yb:Fiber NALM Laser With Sub-Femtosecond Timing Jitter (2021)

We report a simple and compact design of a dispersion compensated mode-locked Yb:fiber oscillator based on a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror (NALM). The fully polarization maintaining (PM) fiber integrated laser features a chirped fiber Bragg grating (CFBG) for dispersion compensation and a fiber integrated compact non-reciprocal phase bias device, which is alignment-free. The main design parameters were determined by numerically simulating the pulse evolution in the oscillator and by analyzing their impact on the laser performance. Experimentally, we achieved an 88 fs compressed pulse duration with sub-fs timing jitter at 54 MHz repetition rate and 51 mW of output power with 5.5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> [20 Hz, 1 MHz] integrated relative intensity noise (RIN). Furthermore, we demonstrate tight phase-locking of the laser's carrier-envelope offset frequency (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ceo</sub> ) to a stable radio frequency (RF) reference and of one frequency comb tooth to a stable optical reference at 291 THz.
<title>Analysis of temporal noise in CMOS APS</title> (1999)

Temporal noise sets a fundamental limit on image sensor performance, especially under low illumination and in video applications. In a CCD image sensor, temporal noise is well studied and characterized. It is primarily due to the photodetector shot noise and the thermal and 1/f noise of the output charge to voltage amplifier. In a CMOS APS several addition sources contribute to temporal noise, including the noise due to the pixel rest, follower, and access transistors. The analysis of noise is further complicated by the nonlinearity of the APS charge to voltage characteristics, which is becoming more pronounced as CMOS technology scales, and the fact that the reset transistor operates below threshold for most of the reset time. The paper presents an accurate analysis of temporal noise in APS. We analyze the noise for each stage of the sensor operation, and identify the noise contribution from each source. We analyze noise due to photodetector shot noise taking nonlinearity into consideration. We find that nonlinearity improves SNR reset transistor shot noise is at most half the commonly quoted value. Using HSPICE simulation, we find the noise due to the follower and access transistors. As expected we find that at low illumination reset noise dominates, while at high illumination photodetector shot noise dominates. Finally, we present experimental results from test structures fabricated in 0.35(mu) CMOS processes. We find that both measured peak SNR and reset noise values match well with the results of our analysis.
Conserved epitopes on HIV-1, FIV and SIV p24 proteins are recognized by HIV-1 infected subjects (2015)

Cross-reactive peptides on HIV-1 and FIV p24 protein sequences were studied using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from untreated HIV-1-infected long-term survivors (LTS; >10 y of infection without antiretroviral therapy, ART), short-term HIV-1 infected subjects not on ART, and ART-treated HIV-1 infected subjects. IFNγ-ELISpot and CFSE-proliferation analyses were performed with PBMC using overlapping HIV-1 and FIV p24 peptides. Over half of the HIV-1 infected subjects tested (22/31 or 71%) responded to one or more FIV p24 peptide pools by either IFNγ or T-cell proliferation analysis. PBMC and T cells from infected subjects in all 3 HIV(+) groups predominantly recognized one FIV p24 peptide pool (Fp14) by IFNγ production and one additional FIV p24 peptide pool (Fp9) by T-cell proliferation analysis. Furthermore, evaluation of overlapping SIV p24 peptide sequences identified conserved epitope(s) on the Fp14/Hp15-counterpart of SIV, Sp14, but none on Fp9-counterpart of SIV, Sp9. The responses to these FIV peptide pools were highly reproducible and persisted throughout 2-4 y of monitoring. Intracellular staining analysis for cytotoxins and phenotyping for CD107a determined that peptide epitopes from Fp9 and Fp14 pools induced cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated molecules including perforin, granzyme B, granzyme A, and/or expression of CD107a. Selected FIV and corresponding SIV epitopes recognized by HIV-1 infected patients indicate that these protein sequences are evolutionarily conserved on both SIV and HIV-1 (e.g., Hp15:Fp14:Sp14). These studies demonstrate that comparative immunogenicity analysis of HIV-1, FIV, and SIV can identify evolutionarily-conserved T cell-associated lentiviral epitopes, which could be used as a vaccine for prophylaxis or immunotherapy.
Comparative Study of Immune Status to Infectious Agents in Elderly Patients with Multiple Myeloma, Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia, and Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance (2011)

Whereas patients with multiple myeloma (MM) have a well-documented susceptibility to infections, this has been less studied in other B-cell disorders, such as Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) and monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). We investigated the humoral immunity to 24 different pathogens in elderly patients with MM (n = 25), WM (n = 16), and MGUS (n = 18) and in age-matched controls (n = 20). Antibody titers against pneumococci, staphylococcal alpha-toxin, tetanus and diphtheria toxoids, and varicella, mumps, and rubella viruses were most depressed in MM patients, next to lowest in WM and MGUS patients, and highest in the controls. In contrast, levels of antibodies specific for staphylococcal teichoic acid, Moraxella catarrhalis, candida, aspergillus, and measles virus were similarly decreased in MM and MGUS patients. Comparable titers in all study groups were seen against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), borrelia, toxoplasma, and members of the herpesvirus family. Finally, a uniform lack of antibodies was noted against Streptococcus pyogenes, salmonella, yersinia, brucella, francisella, and herpes simplex virus type 2. To conclude, although MM patients displayed the most depressed humoral immunity, significantly decreased antibody levels were also evident in patients with WM and MGUS, particularly against Staphylococcus aureus, pneumococci, and varicella. Conversely, immunity was retained for Hib and certain herpesviruses in all study groups.
Thermal studies of methyl difluoroacetate as a novel candidate for electrolyte solvent of lithium-ion cells (2003)

The thermal stability of 1M LiPF 6 / CHF 2 COOCH 3 (methyl difluoroacetate, MFA) with lithiated carbon anodes and the electrochemical characteristics of carbon anodes in this electrolyte have been investigated in terms of the use of this electrolyte in lithium-ion batteries. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurement of LiPF 6 / MFA with lithiated carbon anodes indicated that the main exothermic peak is around 400 °C. The peak temperature was 110 °C higher than the peak of LiPF 6 / EC-DMC [1:1 in vol.] with lithiated carbon anodes. CHF 2 COOLi existed as a major component of SEI on the lithium metal anode in LiPF 6 / MFA electrolyte. It was expected that a reaction product of CHF 2 COOLi and lithiated carbon increased the thermal stability. A good cycle performance was obtained for the lithium ion cell used in 1M LiPF 6 / MFA.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF THE TAUTOMERIC COMPLEXES η‐2,3,4,5‐CYCLOOCTATRIENONEIRON TRICARBONYL AND BICYCLO(4.2.0)OCTA‐2,4‐DIEN‐7‐ONEIRON TRICARBONYL. GENERATION OF BICYCLO(4.2.0)OCTA‐2,4‐DIEN‐7‐ONE (1977)

Abstract Die photolytische Reaktion von Cyclooctatrien‐(2,4,6)‐on mit Fe‐pentacarbonyl in Benzol führt zu dem Cyclooctatrienon‐Fe‐tricarbonyl (I).
Simulation for the Fault Current Limiting Operation of REBCO CORC Superconducting Cables With Different Core Materials (2022)

With high power density and low loss, CORC superconducting cables composed of RE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math></inline-formula> Ba <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{2}$</tex-math></inline-formula> Cu <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> O <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{7-\delta }$</tex-math></inline-formula> (REBCO)-coated conductors are of great interest for power transmission applications. They can also effectively be designed to serve as fault current limiters, thanks to their sharp superconducting-to-normal transition. Coupled electromagnetic-thermal finite-element simulations implemented in COMSOL Multiphysics were developed and validated against the published results for the fault current limiting (FCL) performance of two CORC cables of REBCO-coasted conductors wound on either copper or stainless steel cores. For improved accuracy, temperature dependencies of electrical and thermal properties of all component materials were considered in the simulations. The simulations were performed in the cross sections of the cables for every individual layer of each REBCO tape to deliver comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the current distribution and temperature rise in those layers. The studies can suggest approaches to optimize cable design for FCL applications by assessing the role of individual components. In the article, possible computational errors, challenges, and improvements are also discussed.
Low-Temperature Bonding of Copper Pillars for All-Copper Chip-to-Substrate Interconnections (2006)

A copper-to-copper bonding process was developed for an all-copper, chip-to-substrate interconnect technology. High aspect ratio polymer molds for electroplating were formed using a photodefinable polymer on both the chip and the substrate surfaces. Copper pillars were fabricated by electroplating metal in the polymer molds. The chip-to-substrate all-copper connections were formed by joining the two pillars with electroless copper plating followed by an anneal process. The copper-to-copper bonding of the high aspect ratio pillars does not require the use of solder or other noncopper metals. Mechanical shear force measurements were used to characterize the bonding process as a function of annealing conditions. Excellent bond strength of the electrolessly joined pillars was achieved with a anneal, with the bond strength of the copper pillar interconnects exceeding . High aspect ratio pillars can provide mechanical compliance, and the electroless fabrication method compensates for pillar misalignment and nonplanarity of the bonded surfaces.
2-Hexylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-substituted Anthracene Derivatives for Organic Field Effect Transistors and Photovoltaic Cells (2012)

Novel 2-hexylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene-containing conjugated molecules have been synthesized via a reduction reaction using tin chloride in an acidic medium. They exhibited good solubility in common organic solvents and good self-film and crystal-forming properties. The single-crystalline objects were fabricated by a solvent slow diffusion process and then were employed for fabricating field-effect transistors (FETs) along with thinfilm transistors (TFTs). TFTs made of 5 and 6 exhibited carrier mobility as high as 0.10-0.15 <TEX>$cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$</TEX>. The single-crystal-based FET made of 6 showed 0.70 <TEX>$cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$</TEX> which was relatively higher than that of the 5-based FET (<TEX>${\mu}=0.23cm^2V^{-1}s^{-1}$</TEX>). In addition, we fabricated organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells with new 2-hexylthieno [3,2-b]thiophene-containing conjugated molecules and methanofullerene [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (<TEX>$PC_{61}BM$</TEX>) without thermal annealing. The ternary system for a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OPV cell was elaborated using <TEX>$PC_{61}BM$</TEX> and two p-type conjugated molecules such as 5 and 7 for modulating the molecular energy levels. As a result, the OPV cell containing 5, 7, and <TEX>$PC_{61}BM$</TEX> had improved results with an open-circuit voltage of 0.90 V, a short-circuit current density of 2.83 <TEX>$mA/cm^2$</TEX>, and a fill factor of 0.31, offering an overall power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.78%, which was larger than those of the devices made of only molecule 5 (<TEX>${\eta}$</TEX>~0.67%) or 7 (<TEX>${\eta}$</TEX>~0.46%) with <TEX>$PC_{61}BM$</TEX> under identical weight compositions.
Supplementary Table 2 from BET Bromodomain Inhibition of <i>MYC</i>-Amplified Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 66K, A, Primers used for qPCR assays B, MYC gene sets in GSEA.&lt;/p&gt;