gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of methods for determination of testosterone and non-protein bound testosterone in men with alcoholic liver disease (1986)

The serum concentrations of testosterone and of non-protein bound testosterone were determined in 28 men with alcoholic liver disease having normal to decreased serum albumin concentrations and normal to raised SHBG concentrations. Serum testosterone concentrations determined with two radioimmunoassays using different purification procedures and antibody batches did not differ significantly and correlated significantly (r=0.91; p less than 0.001). The median serum concentration of non-protein bound testosterone was 0.265 nmol/l (range 0.068-0.495 nmol/l) when determined by equilibrium dialysis and 0.232 nmol/l (range 0.042-0.610 nmol/l) when calculated according to the law of mass action. This difference is insignificant. The concentrations of non-protein bound testosterone determined by the two methods correlated significantly (r=0.83; p less than 0.001). In the calculation of non-protein bound testosterone, the actual serum albumin concentration can be replaced by a fixed albumin concentration (r=0.99; p less than 0.001). Further, in these patients the serum concentration of non-protein bound testosterone can be expressed by the testosterone/SHBG ratio (r=0.97; p less than 0.001).
The influence of chromium on cell-mediated and humoral-mediated immunity in mice (2009)

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of chromium on interleukine 1α and 6 (IL-1α and IL-6 production. Moreover, the proliferative response of lymphocytes, the metabolic activity of phagocyting cells, the lysozyme activity and γ-globulins level were examined. The experiments were performed on NRMI mice, which were intraperitoneally injected with 0,5 ml: NaCl (control), 1 or 10 mg Cr per body weight, which was administered in the form of chromium chloride solution. The present study has shown that chromium decreases statistically significantly IL-1α concentration after injection of chromium at a dose of 1 and 10 mg Cr per body weight. The concentration of IL-6 does not differ from the control group in both experimental groups. We have observed no differences in the proliferative response of lymphocytes and in the metabolic activity of phagocyting cells. Similar results have been observed in lysozyme and γ-globulins levels.
A FAST METHOD TO SEARCH FOR PROTEIN HOMOLOGIES USING NEURAL NETWORKS (1992)

In a previous work we have described a method, based on Kohonen’s unsupervised-learning algorithm, to cluster a set of known protein sequences into families. We show here some examples of how a network, trained with 1758 human protein sequences, can correctly classify nonlearned sequences (nonhuman sequences and small fragments or random amino acid mutations of human sequences) in a very fast way.
Deployable Euler Spiral Connectors (DESCs) (2019)

Abstract Deployable Euler Spiral Connectors (DESCs) are introduced as a way to use compliant flexures that lay flat when under strain in a stowed position. This paper presents the design of DESCs using the Euler spiral equations. An application of a spinal device is presented as a proof-of-concept of the use of DESCs.
Synthesis and Characterization of [Zn(SEt)Et]10, Formed via Insertion of Sulfur into Zn-C Bonds: A New Class of Wurtzite-like Cluster Framework (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Characterization of [Zn(SEt)Et]10, Formed via Insertion of Sulfur into Zn-C Bonds: A New Class of Wurtzite-like Cluster FrameworkDongshui Zeng, Mark J. Hampden-Smith, and Eileen N. DueslerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 24, 5376–5377Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00102a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00102a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views150Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Automatic Scanning System for Back-Side Defect of Steel Structure Using Magnetic Flux Leakage Method (2015)

An automatic nondestructive evaluation system using the magnetic-flux-leakage method was developed for detecting the back-side defects of large structures in order to realize fast detection in a wide measurement area. A magnetic field was applied to an object using a ferrite yoke with an induction coil, and the leaked magnetic flux from the object was detected by a magnetoresistive sensor. This measurement probe was fixed on an automatic scanning system. The developed automatic scanning system detected magnetic signal changes corresponding to the back-side defects of the steel plates. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed system, we measured the steel plate of a cargo crane, which was corroded on the back side. We found that the detected magnetic signal changed markedly in the area with corrosion, whereas only a slight magnetic signal change was detected in the area without corrosion. Therefore, the developed system is useful for detecting the back-side defects in a wide area, and can be used for screening tests.
Innenrücktitelbild: Electrodeposition of Single‐Metal Nanoparticles on Stable Protein 1 Membranes: Application of Plasmonic Sensing by Single Nanoparticles (Angew. Chem. 1/2012) (2011)

Das Wachstum von Metallnanopartikeln auf den Poren von Ionenkanälen einer Membran aus dem stabilen Protein 1 (SP1) wurde in situ mithilfe von Dunkelfeldspektroskopie und Plasmonenresonanz-Rayleigh-Streuung verfolgt. In der Zuschrift auf Seite 144 ff. beschreiben Y.-T. Long et al. die elektrochemische Abscheidung einzelner Nanopartikel auf einem SP1-Templat und den Nachweis der Antigen-Antikörper-Bindung auf den Nanopartikeln.
On the duality of time and frequency domain signal reconstruction from partial information (1985)

Certain results on one-dimensional signal representation and reconstruction from partial information in the frequency domain are related to and derived, using relevant results obtained in the time or positional information domain. In particular, we adopt Logan's approach and apply his results concerning zero-crossing representation of certain bandpass signals. We also apply Voelcker's results on demodulation of analytic SSB signals by an AM detector. Exploiting the duality of the Fourier-Stieltjes transform and its inverse, we rederive and extend to continuous one-dimensional signals some results concerning the representation of Fourier-transformed discrete time (finite) sequences by partial information such as one bit or complete Fourier phase, Fourier magnitude or signed-magnitude. The duality and interrelationship of characteristics and constraints attributed to time and frequency signal representation create further possibilities of drawing results and interpretations from one- to its counter-domain. In particular, we indicate possible extensions of certain results to problems of N-dimensional signals and to issues of stochastic signals. We also highlight basic issues concerning the structure of signals and their reconstruction from partial information.
Amplification of trace amounts of nucleic acids (2023)

Methods of reducing background during amplification of small amounts of nucleic acids employ careful analysis of sources of low level contamination. Ultraviolet light can be used to reduce nucleic acid contaminants in reagents and equipment. "Primer-dimer" background can be reduced by judicious design of primers. We have shown clean signal-to-noise with as little as starting material as one single human cell (.about.6 picogram), E. coli cell (.about.5 femtogram) or Prochlorococcus cell (.about.3 femtogram).
First Results From the GPS Compact Total Electron Content Sensor (CTECS) on the PSSCT-2 Nanosat (2012)

The Compact Total Electron Content Sensor (CTECS) is a GPS radio occultation instrument designed for picosatellite and nanosatellite platforms that utilizes a COTS receiver, modified receiver firmware, and a custom designed antenna. CTECS was placed on the Pico Satellite Solar Cell Testbed-2 (PSSCT-2) nanosatellite that was installed on the Space Shuttle Atlantis (STS-135 mission). PSSCT-2 was successfully released from the shuttle on 20 July 2011 and reentered on 8 December 2011. After approximately four weeks of spacecraft checkout and attitude adjustments, CTECS was powered on and began its mission to obtain ionospheric measurements of the total electron content (TEC) and scintillation (S4). CTECS obtained 13.5 hours of measurements over the mission lifetime. We will show the first successful relative TEC and electron density profiles obtained from a GPS sensor on a nanosatellite. We present the capabilities of the sensor, the challenges encountered during development and operation, and the subsequent mitigations employed.
Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry Reveals the Energetics of Intermediates that Guide Polyproline Folding (2015)

Proline favors trans-configured peptide bonds in native proteins. Although cis/trans configurations vary for non-native and unstructured states, solvent also influences these preferences. Water induces the all-cis right-handed polyproline-I (PPI) helix of polyproline to fold into the all-trans left-handed polyproline-II (PPII) helix. Our recent work has shown that this occurs via a sequential mechanism involving six resolved intermediates [Shi, L., Holliday, A.E., Shi, H., Zhu, F., Ewing, M.A., Russell, D.H., Clemmer, D.E.: Characterizing intermediates along the transition from PPI to PPII using ion mobility-mass spectrometry. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 12702-12711 (2014)]. Here, we use ion mobility-mass spectrometry to make the first detailed thermodynamic measurements of the folding intermediates, which inform us about how and why this transition occurs. It appears that early intermediates are energetically favorable because of the hydration of the peptide backbone, whereas late intermediates are enthalpically unfavorable. However, folding continues, as the entropy of the system increases upon successive formation of each new structure. When PPII is immersed in 1-propanol, the PPII→PPI transition occurs, but this reaction occurs through a very different mechanism. Early on, the PPII population splits onto multiple pathways that eventually converge through a late intermediate that continues on to the folded PPI helix. Nearly every step is endothermic. Folding results from a stepwise increase in the disorder of the system, allowing a wide-scale search for a critical late intermediate. Overall, the data presented here allow us to establish the first experimentally determined energy surface for biopolymer folding as a function of solution environment.
Towards the low-dose characterization of beam sensitive nanostructures via implementation of sparse image acquisition in scanning transmission electron microscopy (2017)

Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) has been successfully utilized to investigate atomic structure and chemistry of materials with atomic resolution. However, STEM's focused electron probe with a high current density causes the electron beam damages including radiolysis and knock-on damage when the focused probe is exposed onto the electron-beam sensitive materials. Therefore, it is highly desirable to decrease the electron dose used in STEM for the investigation of biological/organic molecules, soft materials and nanomaterials in general. With the recent emergence of novel sparse signal processing theories, such as compressive sensing and model-based iterative reconstruction, possibilities of operating STEM under a sparse acquisition scheme to reduce the electron dose have been opened up. In this paper, we report our recent approach to implement a sparse acquisition in STEM mode executed by a random sparse-scan and a signal processing algorithm called model-based iterative reconstruction (MBIR). In this method, a small portion, such as 5% of randomly chosen unit sampling areas (i.e. electron probe positions), which corresponds to pixels of a STEM image, within the region of interest (ROI) of the specimen are scanned with an electron probe to obtain a sparse image. Sparse images are then reconstructed using the MBIR inpainting algorithm to produce an image of the specimen at the original resolution that is consistent with an image obtained using conventional scanning methods. Experimental results for down to 5% sampling show consistency with the full STEM image acquired by the conventional scanning method. Although, practical limitations of the conventional STEM instruments, such as internal delays of the STEM control electronics and the continuous electron gun emission, currently hinder to achieve the full potential of the sparse acquisition STEM in realizing the low dose imaging condition required for the investigation of beam-sensitive materials, the results obtained in our experiments demonstrate the sparse acquisition STEM imaging is potentially capable of reducing the electron dose by at least 20 times expanding the frontiers of our characterization capabilities for investigation of biological/organic molecules, polymers, soft materials and nanostructures in general.
A private scheme for distributed, shared secret generation (2003)

We present a scheme for shared secret generation by n members that combines the contributions the members in a fashion such that the individual contribution of each member is not exposed to anyone-including the other members. We note that for an external attacker trying to break the n L-bit secrets of the members, the effective search space dimension is nL, meaning that all n keys must be broken simultaneously in order to crack system integrity. We also note that the scheme provides "unconditional secrecy" (Menezes et al., 1997).
Model Selection and Health Effect Estimation in Environmental Epidemiology (2008)

In air pollution epidemiology, improvements in statistical analysis tools can help improve signal-to-noise ratios, and untangle large correlations between exposures and confounders. For this reason, we welcome a novel model-selection approach that helps to identify the time-windows of exposure to pollutants that produces adverse health effects. However, there are concerns about approaches that select a model based on a given data set, and then estimate health effects in the same data. This can create problems when (1) the sample size is small in relation to the magnitude of the health effects; and (2) candidate predictors are highly correlated and likely to have similar effects. Bayesian Model Averaging has been advocated as a way to estimate health effects that accounts for model uncertainty. However, implementations where posterior model probabilities are approximated using BIC, as well as other default choices, may not reflect the ability of each model to provide an estimate of the health effect that is properly adjusted for confounding. Air pollution studies need to focus on estimating health effects while accounting for the uncertainty in the adjustment for confounding factors. This is true especially when model choice and estimation are performed on the same data. The development of appropriate statistical tools remains an open area of investigation.
Droop vs. virtual inertia: Comparison from the perspective of converter operation mode (2018)

Virtual Inertia Emulation (VIE) and traditional Active Power Droop Control (APDC) are among the most common approaches for regulating the active power output of inverter-based generators. Furthermore, it has been shown that, under certain conditions, these two methods can be equivalent. However, neither those studies, nor the analyses comparing the two control schemes with respect to their dynamical properties, have investigated the impact of the converter operation mode. This paper explores the subject by investigating the two control approaches under such conditions, and determining when this assumption does not hold. Using time-domain simulations with a detailed Voltage Source Converter model, we compare VIE and APDC qualitatively and reformulate the respective conditions for equivalence.
Phosphorous-filled nanobrick wall multilayer thin film eliminates polyurethane melt dripping and reduces heat release associated with fire (2013)

Unique trilayer (TL) thin films of sodium montmorillonite (MMT), poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium phosphate) (PSP) are prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. This three-component nanocoating completely shuts down melt dripping and reduces heat release of open-celled flexible polyurethane (PU) foam when exposed to direct flame due to a synergistic interaction between PSP and the thermally shielding clay platelets in the condensed phase. Post burn scanning electron microscopy reveals the nanocoating's swollen morphology is able to maintain foam shape, cellular structure, and porosity. Cone calorimetry reveals that 4 TL coated foams (<3 wt% addition) have a peak heat release rate that is reduced by 54% relative to the uncoated control. Using LbL assembly, this work combines two common flame-retarding mechanisms (thermal shielding clay and intumescing PAH/PSP) in a single coating system and provides a foundational platform for new environmentally-benign flame retardant strategies for various substrates (e.g., foam found in home furnishings).
Simian immunodeficiency virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes are present in the AIDS-associated skin rash in rhesus monkeys (1992)

An infiltration of CD8+ lymphocytes in the dermis and epidermis underlies the skin rash that commonly occurs as a primary manifestation of an AIDS virus infection. These cutaneous lymphocytes were characterized in simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac)-infected rhesus monkeys. Skin rash-associated lymphocytes exhibited greater lysis of SIVmac-expressing target cells and a higher cloning efficiency for SIVmac-specific effector T cells than PBL. Moreover, both SIVmac envelope- and gag-specific CTL could be readily cloned from these skin rash-associated lymphocytes. In fact, the skin rash-associated CTL exhibited the same MHC restriction and epitope specificity as those CTL derived from PBL. These studies, therefore, demonstrate that the cutaneous infiltrating CD8+ lymphocytes in SIVmac-infected rhesus monkeys include SIVmac-specific CTL. Thus, whereas virus-specific CTL are likely to represent an important mechanism for controlling AIDS virus infections, they also may play a role in the pathogenesis of the skin lesions that occur after this infection.
Total synthesis of the tetracyclic diquinane Lycopodium alkaloids magellanine and magellaninone (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of the tetracyclic diquinane Lycopodium alkaloids magellanine and magellaninoneLeo A. Paquette, Dirk Friedrich, Emmanuel Pinard, John P. Williams, Denis St. Laurent, and Brian A. RodenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 4377–4378Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00063a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views902Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Astroglia overexpressing heme oxygenase‐1 predispose co‐cultured PC12 cells to oxidative injury (2007)

The mechanisms responsible for the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and pathologic iron deposition in the substantia nigra pars compacta of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) remain unclear. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), the rate-limiting enzyme in the oxidative degradation of heme to ferrous iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin, is upregulated in affected PD astroglia and may contribute to abnormal mitochondrial iron sequestration in these cells. To determine whether glial HO-1 hyper-expression is toxic to neuronal compartments, we co-cultured dopaminergic PC12 cells atop monolayers of human (h) HO-1 transfected, sham-transfected, or non-transfected primary rat astroglia. We observed that PC12 cells grown atop hHO-1 transfected astrocytes, but not the astroglia themselves, were significantly more susceptible to dopamine (1 microM) + H(2)O(2) (1 microM)-induced death (assessed by nuclear ethidium monoazide bromide staining and anti-tyrosine hydroxylase immunofluorescence microscopy) relative to control preparations. In the experimental group, PC12 cell death was attenuated significantly by the administration of the HO inhibitor, SnMP (1.5 microM), the antioxidant, ascorbate (200 microM), or the iron chelators, deferoxamine (400 microM), and phenanthroline (100 microM). Exposure to conditioned media derived from HO-1 transfected astrocytes also augmented PC12 cell killing in response to dopamine (1 microM) + H(2)O(2) (1 microM) relative to control media. In PD brain, overexpression of HO-1 in nigral astroglia and accompanying iron liberation may facilitate the bioactivation of dopamine to neurotoxic free radical intermediates and predispose nearby neuronal constituents to oxidative damage.