gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Cement Spacer Chemistry Enhances Removal of Nonaqueous Drilling Fluid (2014)

Technology Update An efficient removal of drilling fluid is essential to successful cementing operations. When a cement slurry comes into contact with mud residue, the cement may not set properly or adhere to the casing and formation, thereby preventing the isolation of permeable zones under different pressure regimes. This can cause stimulation out of zone, production of unwanted fluids because of communication between zones, loss of hydrocarbons into lower-pressure formations, corrosion of casing, and blowouts. In recent years, the industry has focused considerable attention on enhancing cementing practices to ensure well integrity and zonal isolation. To clean all well surfaces after the placement of casing, an intermediate water-based fluid, or spacer, is pumped between the drilling fluid and cement slurry. Typically, a package of surfactants or solvents is added to the spacer to improve cleaning and displacement efficiency. However, over the past decade, spacer formulations have not evolved as rapidly as the chemistry of drilling fluids. Every year, operators drill deeper, more complex, and higher-temperature wells under a growing range of downhole conditions. To boost performance, drilling fluids incorporate a greater variety of nonaqueous fluids (NAFs) based on synthetic and natural oils—mineral, paraffinic, and olefinic oils—with much longer carbon chains than traditional diesel-based muds. As such, NAFs are much more difficult to clean. Although spacers are intended to separate drilling fluid from cement, a small amount of spacer fluid—from 5% to 10%—typically contaminates a portion of the cement slurry. Many spacer chemistries affect cement properties, such as thickening time, rheology, and compressive strength, often precisely where zonal isolation is most essential. If the cement has not fully hardened by the time a cement bond log is run, it may not show up clearly and the top of cement (TOC) may be uncertain. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that spacers remove the maximum amount of mud while having a minimal effect on cement properties. Since NAF compositions vary widely, there are no universal spacer formulations. Most are designed and tested on a case-by-case basis using procedures that differ from one operator or location to another. Existing American Petroleum Institute (API) recommended tests for evaluating the suitability of a particular spacer have been found nonrepeatable. In addition, no test protocols exist for well conditions above 85°C, despite the large number of cement jobs in wells with bottomhole temperatures of up to 150°C. Along with salinity and the type of drilling fluid, temperature is one of the most critical factors influencing cement integrity. Thus, enhanced test procedures and spacer formulations are needed.
ChemInform Abstract: Photostimulated Removal of Trace Metals. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MIXED CONVECTION ABOUT A ROTATING SPHERE IN AN AXIAL STREAM (1990)

This paper presents a finite-difference scheme for solving the boundary layer equations governing laminar mixed (forced and free) convection heat transfer from a rotating sphere that is maintained at uniform surface heat flux and subjected to a uniform stream in the direction of its axis of rotation. Numerical results are presented to show the effect of a superimposed aiding or opposing free convection on the meridional and azimuthal velocities, wall shear stress components, separation angle, local Nusselt number, and wall temperature. As compared with power series studies available in the literature, the present scheme is capable of obtaining solutions for considerably larger values of the parameter Ta/Re2.
Substantial Improvement of Tryptic and Chymotryptic Hydrolysis of β-Lactoglobulin Pretreated with High Voltage Electrical Treatments (2020)

β-lactoglobulin (β-lg) is an important source of biologically and functionally active peptides that are of particular interest in agri-food, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins remains the most common mode of peptide production. However, efficient hydrolysis of proteins and particularly β-lg is difficult to perform due to their compact globular structure. Thus, the current study deals with green high-voltage electric treatments (HVET): pulsed electric fields and electric arc to pretreat β-lg and improve its proteolysis by trypsin and chymotrypsin. The results demonstrate substantial improvement of hydrolysis performance after the pretreatment of β-lg with HVET compared to the non-pretreated and preheated β-lg. Moreover, HVET led to the peptide release from β-lg even before the addition of proteases. Furthermore, pioneer studies of proteolysis kinetics and structural changes of β-lg molecules subjected to HVET allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying hydrolysis improvement.
Generalization Accuracy of a Fast 2-D Shape Retrieval Method. (2003)

In recent work, we presented a correspondence-based approach for real-time retrieval from databases of 2-D shapes. The system performs with high speed and accuracy relative to other published systems as measured on a widely used benchmark dataset. In this paper, we test the generalization accuracy of the approach; i.e., its ability to correctly retrieve shapes from a shape database when the query shapes are not contained in the database. The experimental results show that the system's accuracy on novel inputs is nearly as high as its accuracy on shapes that are already contained in the database, demonstrating that the approach has good generalization accuracy. This result provides additional support for the use of the proposed approach for shape retrieval and object recognition applications.
Random Plasma Glucose Levels and Cardiovascular Risk (2016)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Cardiology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Cardiology journal
Role of Oxidative Stress in ED: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism (2012)

Many advances in the understanding of erection physiology and pathophysiology have been made in recent years. These advances have revealed the importance of oxidative stress and a complex interaction between oxidative stress and regulatory pathways in the penis in the development and progression of erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with various disease states. In this chapter, we present current knowledge of the pathophysiology of ED pertaining to the mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the interaction between ROS-generating sources and the main regulatory pathways in the penis, the status of the antioxidant systems that reduce ROS bioavailability, and cellular targets for ROS action in vasculogenic and neurogenic ED. We further discuss a therapeutic strategy to improve erectile function in disease states by targeting specific ROS mechanisms in the penis.
Toward High‐Throughput Texturing of Polymer Foils for Enhanced Light Trapping in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells Using Roll‐to‐Roll Hot Embossing (2019)

A path to further increase the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells is maximizing sunlight absorption using patterned substrates with enhanced light‐trapping capabilities. However, to be competitive with traditional solar cells, especially in niche markets, low‐cost texturing methods have to be developed. Herein, a roll‐to‐roll hot embossing method to pattern flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foils is presented as a proof of concept. The cylindrical mold for the embossing process is structured with periodic grooves by picosecond direct laser interference patterning (DLIP). The optical characterization of the textured PET shows a tenfold increase in the haze factor (diffuse‐to‐global transmittance ratio) compared with flat PET due to the high‐intensity diffracted beams. Flexible triple cation perovskite cells deposited onto these patterned substrates show on average an 8% (relative) higher efficiency than similar devices deposited on a reference flat PET substrate. This enhancement can be attributed to the increase in light trapping provided by the textured substrate. Finally, a cost analysis model shows that the additional cost of integrating the proposed hot embossing step into a perovskite solar module manufacturing facility will represent less than 0.35% of the initial fabrication cost.
Flow Injection Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Microbalance with ICP-OES Detection: Electroprecipitation and Stripping of Lanthanum and Neodymium in a Flow Cell (2023)

We used an improved version of our hyphenated analysis technique, flow injection electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance with inductively coupled optical emission spectroscopy (FI-EQCM-ICP-OES), to investigate the electroprecipitation of lanthanum and neodymium from flowing solutions. The improved version has two independent flow injection circuits, allowing different conditions for electrochemical precipitation (pH = 4.3 or 2.6) and quick stripping (2% HNO 3 ) with EQCM mass detection and ICP-OES elemental analysis. Lanthanum or neodymium ions in a 500 μ l sample were injected into a carrier stream and deposited onto an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) housed in a micro flow cell, owing to a localized high-pH layer. The deposits are subsequently stripped from the electrode using HNO 3 and analyzed downstream using an ICP-OES. We found that using acidic solutions without supporting electrolyte leads to an increase of the amount of lanthanum detected by 4-fold. The enhanced deposition can be attributed to enhanced mass transfer by migration. Moreover, we showed that by applying chronopotentiometry, we can detect a change in the hydrogen evolution reaction mechanism that enables the precipitation of lanthanides on the surface of the electrode. Understanding and enhancing the deposition of lanthanides is relevant for elemental or isotopic detection in nuclear forensics.
Synthesis of 5,6‐dihydro‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐1,4‐dioxin‐3‐carboxanilides through polymer‐bound activated ester: Construction of dihydro‐1,4‐dioxin (2000)

Abstract A new construction of dihydro‐1,4‐dioxin and a synthesis of 5,6‐dihydro‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐1,4‐dioxin‐3‐carboxanilides 22 through polymer‐bound activated ester are described. An intermediate β‐hydroxy ether 18 was prepared from the substitution reaction of α‐thio‐α‐chloro compound 8 with ethylene glycol followed by treatment with Raney Ni. Replacement of hydroxy by chlorine and then dehydrochlorination afforded trifluoromethyl dihydro‐1,4‐dioxin ester 15. The polymer‐bound trifluoromethyl dihydro‐1,4‐dioxin‐3‐carboxylic acid, 4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrobenzophenone ester ( 21 ) was prepared through the reaction of polystyrene‐bound 4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrobenzophenone ( 19 ) with the trifluoromethyl dihydro‐1,4‐dioxin‐3‐carbonyl chloride ( 20 ). Refluxing of 21 with substituted aniline in acetonitrile gave the corresponding carboxanilide 22. The reaction rate depended on the nucleophilicity of nitrogen of the aniline.
A 27-GHz Quad-Core CMOS Oscillator With No Mode Ambiguity (2018)

There is a lower bound on the size of a planar inductor below which significant Q-degradation occurs. While this bound can limit the absolute performance of an LC oscillator at any frequency, it is usually only encountered when designing at mm-wave and above. The classic way to mitigate the issue is through the use of NMOS-only and/or multi-core designs. Such techniques, however, are often not suitable for mm-wave commercialization; NMOS-only designs require thick-oxide devices, while multi-core designs need to be carefully controlled at startup to avoid unwanted oscillation modes. The circular geometry topology, first proposed in 2004, appears to overcome these issues, but, surprisingly, it has not yet been adapted to mm-wave frequencies. In this paper, we show how the topology is well suited to high-frequency applications. A quad-core 27-GHz LC oscillator is presented that has a single highQ mode. The suppression of the three unwanted modes removes any mode ambiguity and enhances the Q of the wanted mode. The design is fully complementary and, so, is compatible with the use of high fT thin-oxide devices. The near mm-wave prototype achieves a figure of merit of 187 dBc/Hz and a tuning range of 26%. The measured phase noise is -110 dBc/Hz@1 MHz, which is among the lowest reported for a fully complementary near mm-wave design.
Study of a solar concentrator for space based on a diffractive/refractive optical combination (2013)

peer reviewed
Charting the Chemical Space of Target Sites: Insights into the Binding Modes of Amine and Amidine Groups (2009)

Nowadays there is growing awareness that the translation of the increasing number of lead compounds into clinical candidates is still a slow and often inefficient process. In order to facilitate the lead optimization procedure, due consideration must be given to the use of the right bioisosteric replacements. Very recently, we reported that exploring a chemical space of binding sites is a more effective strategy for studying the bioisosteric relationships existing among functional groups. As a continuation of our work in this field, we report herein the construction of a chemical space covered by binding sites of small molecules containing diverse amine and amidine groups. The analysis of the differences in some properties of the binding sites of these functional groups allow for gaining insights into the binding modes of positively charged groups. In addition, this study pinpoints that different types of interactions and bioisosteric relationships exist among primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary amine, and amidine moieties.
Characterizations of NiSi2-Whisker Defects in n-Channel Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors with <110> Channel on Si(100) (2010)

Electrical and physical characteristics of nickel disilicide (NiSi 2 )-whisker defects in n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (nMOSFETs) on Si(100) have been investigated. NiSi 2 -whisker defects are easily generated in narrow-channel-width nMOSFETs with the &lt;110&gt; channel on Si(100) and anomalously increase the leakage current between the drain and the source. A NiSi 2 whisker elongates toward the &lt;110&gt; direction along the trench edge and pierces the channel region. These physical properties of NiSi 2 -whisker defects were revealed by detailed failure analyses. The influence of the recessed depth of trench-fill oxides on NiSi 2 -whisker defects was also investigated. Furthermore, it is found that trench-edge defects, such as Si(111) stacking faults, are generated in the &lt;110&gt; channel before the Ni silicide formation. These trench-edge defects were not observed in the &lt;100&gt; channel. We also propose a generation model for NiSi 2 -whisker defects. The nucleation of NiSi 2 precipitates might be generated at trench-edge defects, and Ni atoms diffuse toward the &lt;110&gt; direction during the silicidation annealing. As a result, NiSi 2 -whisker defects are generated toward the &lt;110&gt; direction at the trench edge.
Optimal reconfiguration strategy for a degradable multimodule computing system (1987)

A new quantitative approach to the problem of reconfiguring a degradable multimodule system is presented. The approach is concerned with both assigning some modules for computation and arranging others for reliability. Conventionally, a fault-tolerant system performs reconfiguration only upon a subsystem failure. Since there exists an inherent trade-off between the computation capacity and fault tolerance of a multimodule computing system, the conventional approach is a passive action and does not yield a configuration that provides an optimal compromise for the trade-off. By using the expected total reward as the optimal criterion, the need and existence of an active reconfiguration strategy, in which the system reconfigures itself on the basis of not only the occurrence of a failure but also the progression of the mission , are shown. Following the problem formulation, some important properties of an optimal reconfiguration strategy, which specify (i) the times at which the system should undergo reconfiguration and (ii) the configurations to which the system should change, are investigated. Then, the optimal reconfiguration problem is converted to integer nonlinear knapsack and fractional programming problems. The algorithms for solving these problems and a demonstrative example are given. Extensions of the optimal reconfiguration problem are also discussed.
Thermomechanical models for leadless solder interconnections in flip chip assemblies (1998)

Analytical thermomechanical models have been developed in order to calculate the thermally induced stresses in leadless solder interconnection systems. Two different analytical models are highlighted: the peripheral and area array thermomechanical model which describe the thermally induced stresses for two components connected to each other with a peripheral, respectively, area array of joints. The analytical models are based on structural mechanics and have the ability to characterize the nature and estimate the magnitude of the joint stresses. Using these models, structural design optimization of interconnection systems can be performed very quickly in order to reduce time consuming experiments and finite element simulations. It is found that the largest stresses in the solder joints of flip chip assemblies are at the top and bottom surface of the connection and that they are especially caused by bending moments subjected to the joints. Comparisons with finite element simulations have proved a good accuracy of the thermomechanical models.
The Combined CTA1-DD/ISCOMs Vector Is an Effective Intranasal Adjuvant for Boosting PriorMycobacterium bovisBCG Immunity toMycobacterium tuberculosis (2006)

Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. The current "gold standard" vaccine Mycobacterium bovis BCG has a limited efficacy that wanes over time. The development of a vaccine to boost BCG-induced immunity is therefore a highly active area of research. Mucosal administration of vaccines is believed to provide better protection against pathogens, such as M. tuberculosis, that invade the host via mucosal surfaces. In this study we demonstrate that an intranasal vaccine, comprising the antigenic fusion protein Ag85B-ESAT-6 and the mucosal combined adjuvant vector CTA1-DD/ISCOMs, strongly promotes a Th1-specific immune response, dominated by gamma interferon-secreting CD4-positive T cells. Mucosal administration of Ag85B-ESAT-6 mixed with CTA1-DD/ISCOMs strongly boosted prior BCG immunity, leading to a highly increased recruitment of antigen-specific cells to the site of infection. Most importantly, we observed a significantly (P < 0.001) reduced bacterial burden in the lung compared to nonboosted control animals. Thus, the results demonstrate the effectiveness of mucosal vaccination with Ag85B-ESAT-6 mixed with CTA1-DD/ISCOMs as adjuvant for stimulating TB-specific protective immunity in the lung.
Adaptive 3D rendering based on region-of-interest (2010)

3D processing techniques are really promising. However, several hurdles have to be overcome. In this paper, two of them are examined. The first is related to the high disparity management. It is currently not well mastered and its impact is strong for viewing 3D scene on stereoscopic screens. The second concerns the salient regions of the scene. These areas are commonly called Region-Of-Interest (RoI) in the image processing domain. The problem appears when there are more than one region-of-interest in a video scene. Indeed, it is then complicated for the eyes to scan them and especially if the depth difference between them is high. In this contribution, the 3D experience is improved by applying some effects related to RoIs. The shift between the two views is adaptively adjusted in order to have a null disparity on a given area in the scene. In the proposed approach, these areas are the visually interesting areas. A constant disparity on the salient areas improves the viewing experience over the video sequence.
Global DNA hypomethylation coupled to repressive chromatin domain formation and gene silencing in breast cancer (2011)

While genetic mutation is a hallmark of cancer, many cancers also acquire epigenetic alterations during tumorigenesis including aberrant DNA hypermethylation of tumor suppressors, as well as changes in chromatin modifications as caused by genetic mutations of the chromatin-modifying machinery. However, the extent of epigenetic alterations in cancer cells has not been fully characterized. Here, we describe complete methylome maps at single nucleotide resolution of a low-passage breast cancer cell line and primary human mammary epithelial cells. We find widespread DNA hypomethylation in the cancer cell, primarily at partially methylated domains (PMDs) in normal breast cells. Unexpectedly, genes within these regions are largely silenced in cancer cells. The loss of DNA methylation in these regions is accompanied by formation of repressive chromatin, with a significant fraction displaying allelic DNA methylation where one allele is DNA methylated while the other allele is occupied by histone modifications H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. Our results show a mutually exclusive relationship between DNA methylation and H3K9me3 or H3K27me3. These results suggest that global DNA hypomethylation in breast cancer is tightly linked to the formation of repressive chromatin domains and gene silencing, thus identifying a potential epigenetic pathway for gene regulation in cancer cells.
Vacuum-tuned graded-index polymer waveguides on silicon substrates (1996)

A new method for producing graded-index (GRIN) profiles on type A photolime gel-based polymer waveguides with vacuum drying is demonstrated. Vacuum drying allows optical waveguides to be built on substrates with a higher index of refraction without intermediate lower-index cladding layers while keeping the concentration of various dopants unperturbed. The waveguide-loss and GRIN profiles were compared for vacuum-dried and alcohol-dried samples. Waveguide losses from 0.1 to 10 dB/cm were observed.