gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resorbable Gypsum Coating on Calcium Metaphosphate for Controlled Degradation Rate (2006)

Five kinds of gypsums, (1) CaSO4•2H2O (caldium sulfate dihydrate; CSD), (2) CaSO4•1/2H2O (calcium sulfate hemihydrate; CSH), (3) CaSO4 (calcium sulfate anhydrite; CSA), (4) CSH200 (CSH heat-treated at 200°C after self-hardening), and (5) CSH600 (CSH heat-treated at 600°C after self-hardening) were used as candidates for coating materials on calcium metaphosphate (CMP) scaffod to control degradation rate of CMP and to extend degradation limit. The disks of CSD, CSH, CSA, CSH 200, and CSH600 were prepared by self-hardening after mixing with water, where CSH200 and CSH600 were heat-treated at 200°C and 600°C, respectively. In order to control fast resorption rate of gypsum, CMP-CSA composites were prepared with different CSA contents such as 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50, and 70 vol% and heat-treated at 900°C for 4 hours. The degradation rates of various gypsums were evaluated in revised simulated body fluid (r-SBF) for 1, 3, 7, and 21 days, respectively. Degradation rate of each specimen was measured in terms of weight loss change with time and degraded surface morphology was examined by SEM. All kinds of gypsums were transformd into CSD after self-hardening with water. Most of gypsums were degraded by 35~60 wt% at 7 days and by 70~99 wt% at 21 days of soaking in SBF. In the group of CMP-CSA composites, the degree of degradation of them was considerably retarded compared to that of five pure gypsums. The surface morphology showed elongated needle-like crystals during the degradation with time.
Targeted Drug Delivery to Tumor Cells Using Colloidal Carriers (2004)

Advances in biotechnology and medicine have provided an opportunity for the development of a number of carrier systems for tumor-targeted delivery of anticancer drugs and genes. Tumors are an uncontrolled mass of proliferations of a single malignant cell arising from mutations, which are either inherited or caused by environmental factors (1). In order to reach the tumor cells, systemically administered drugs have to overcome a number of obstacles, which may include rapid metabolism and clearance of drugs from the body, physiological barriers in transportation of the drugs from the site of administration to the tumor cells, drug resistance, and toxicity of the anticancer drugs to normal cells (2–4). The high interstitial pressure and absence of lymphatic drainage were also reported to cause problems in distribution of the drug in the solid tumor (5).
Comparison of Conventional and Split-Course Radiotherapy as Primary Treatment in Carcinoma of the Larynx (1988)

Based on our experience with conventional, daily irradiation, a split-course radiation schedule was introduced in 1978. The schedule, which was based on Cohen's models for squamous cell carcinoma and vascular damage respectively, predicted an improved tumour control and a reduced rate of late complications, e.g. late oedema, if the conventional, daily treatment was replaced by a split-course schedule. The schedule has later been abandoned, but the experience gained from split-course treatment at various dose levels has been analysed and the results compared with those obtained by conventional radiation. The data allowed construction of dose-response curves and estimation of iso-effect doses. Split-course treatment was associated with a significantly reduced therapeutic ratio because, disappointingly, it did not improve tumour control, and the severity of late complications grew. No late complications were avoided by introducing a 3-week pause in the radiation therapy regimen, nor was the tumour response improved despite a 12-Gy increase in total dose. This indicates a significant repopulation corresponding to more than 0.5 Gy/day, equivalent to an up to 100-fold increase of the number of clonogenic tumour cells during the pause--an increase that occurred despite the decrease, clinically, of the tumours during this period.
Quantifying Recruitment of Cytosolic Peptides for HLA Class I Presentation: Impact of TAP Transport (2003)

MHC class I ligands are recruited from the cytosolic peptide pool, whose size is likely to depend on the balance between peptide generation by the proteasome and peptide degradation by downstream peptidases. We asked what fraction of this pool is available for presentation, and how the size of this fraction is modulated by peptide affinity for the TAP transporters. A model epitope restricted by HLA-A2 and a series of epitope precursors with N-terminal extensions by single residues modifying TAP affinity were expressed in a system that allowed us to monitor and modulate cytosolic peptide copy numbers. We show that presentation varies strongly according to TAP affinities of the epitope precursors. The fraction of cytosolic peptides recruited for MHC presentation does not exceed 1% and is more than two logs lower for peptides with very low TAP affinities. Therefore, TAP affinity has a substantial impact on MHC class I Ag presentation.
Vehicle following as backup control schemes for magnet-magnetometer-based lateral guidance (2005)

This paper describes the development of the backup vehicle lateral control algorithms for the magnet-magnetometer-based automated lateral guidance. Current vehicle lateral controllers rely on the use of two sets of magnetometers, one under the front bumper and the other under the rear bumper of the vehicle. The magnetometers measure the vehicle's lane following error relative to the magnets buried along the center of the highway lane. The proposed algorithms, based on a laser scanning radar sensor (LIDAR), are backup systems for current magnetometer-based controllers in case of magnetometer failure. The LIDAR sensor measures the vehicle's lateral position relative to its preceding vehicle. The paper considers two magnetometer failure scenarios, i.e., failure in only one set of magnetometers and failure in all magnetometers. Experimental results are presented.
Effect of preparation method on leaching of Ti from the redox molecular sieve TS-1 (2001)

The leaching of Ti from the redox molecular sieve TS-1 when used as a catalyst for the oxidation of crotyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide is described and discussed. The crystallisation time of the TS-1 is found to be the critical preparation parameter. TS-1 prepared using a 2 day crystallisation period leaches Ti, whereas TS-1 prepared using a 10 day crystallisation period is inert to leaching. Silanisation of the external surface of the 2 day preparation effectively stops the leaching of Ti, without significantly affecting the catalytic performance. Similarly, treatment of the 2 day TS-1 with sodium azide also minimises leaching of Ti but with a reduction in catalytic activity. The Ti leaching is shown to be caused by the reaction of a triol with TS-1 in the presence of hydrogen peroxide from the surface of the 2 day TS-1. A possible mechanism is proposed in which the triol by-product chelates the Ti, thereby breaking Ti–O–Si framework bonds and causing leaching to form a Ti species in solution. The reactivity of this Ti species in solution is modelled using the reaction of crotyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of titanyl acetylacetonate, and it is found that this effectively catalyses the formation of triol. Hence, it is concluded that, once initiated, Ti leaching will be catalysed by the reaction products of the solution Ti species that is formed.
Provability-Based Semantic Interoperability for Information Sharing and Joint Reasoning (2010)

We describe provability-based semantic interoperability (PBSI), a framework transcending syntactic translation that enables robust, meaningful, knowledge exchange across diverse information systems. PBSI is achieved through translation graphs that capture complex ontological relationships, and through provability-based queries. We work through an example of automating an unmanned aerial vehicle by reasoning over information from a number of sources.
Proteomics of Human Dendritic Cell Subsets Reveals Subset-Specific Surface Markers and Differential Inflammasome Function (2016)

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. In human blood, three distinct subsets exist: plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and BDCA3+ and CD1c+ myeloid DCs. In addition, a DC-like CD16+ monocyte has been reported. Although RNA-expression profiles have been previously compared, protein expression data may provide a different picture. Here, we exploited label-free quantitative mass spectrometry to compare and identify differences in primary human DC subset proteins. Moreover, we integrated these proteomic data with existing mRNA data to derive robust cell-specific expression signatures with more than 400 differentially expressed proteins between subsets, forming a solid basis for investigation of subset-specific functions. We illustrated this by extracting subset identification markers and by demonstrating that pDCs lack caspase-1 and only express low levels of other inflammasome-related proteins. In accordance, pDCs were incapable of interleukin (IL)-1β secretion in response to ATP.
SRLG-disjointness and geodiverse routing – a practical network study and operational conclusions (2018)

The problem of disaster resilience is of paramount importance in today's telecommunication networks. Here, this problem is tackled by considering 1+1 optical lightpath protection with maximally SRLG-disjoint paths and geodiversity in a transparent backbone network. Geodiversity was added to make the network more resilient to geographically correlated disasters. The aim is to estimate the increase of the path lengths (fibre lengths) and the increase in cost of the required transponders, with respect to simple link disjointness (no-SRLG nor geodiversity constraints) in a fully transparent optical network. The results obtained in a realistic test network show that SRLG-disjointness already ensures an acceptable geodiversity for the considered network.
The Stereoenantiomers of a Pinacidil Analog Open or Close Cloned ATP-sensitive K+ Channels (2002)

ATP-dependent K(+) channels (K(ATP) channels) are composed of pore-forming subunits Kir6.x and sulfonylurea receptors (SURs). Cyanoguanidines such as pinacidil and P1075 bind to SUR and enhance MgATP binding to and hydrolysis by SUR, thereby opening K(ATP) channels. In the vasculature, openers of K(ATP) channels produce vasorelaxation. Some novel cyanoguanidines, however, selectively reverse opener-induced vasorelaxation, suggesting that they might be K(ATP) channel blockers. Here we have analyzed the interaction of the enantiomers of a racemic cyanoguanidine blocker, PNU-94750, with Kir6.2/SUR channels. In patch clamp experiments, the R-enantiomer (PNU-96293) inhibited Kir6.2/SUR2 channels (IC(50) approximately 50 nm in the whole cell configuration), whereas the S-enantiomer (PNU-96179) was a weak opener. Radioligand binding studies showed that the R-enantiomer was more potent and that it was negatively allosterically coupled to MgATP binding, whereas the S-enantiomer was weaker and positively coupled. Binding experiments also suggested that both enantiomers bound to the P1075 site of SUR. This is the first report to show that the enantiomers of a K(ATP) channel modulator affect channel activity and coupling to MgATP binding in opposite directions and that these opposite effects are apparently mediated by binding to the same (opener) site of SUR.
Pixel Wise Pie Charts: Placement of Data Points Visualizing Spatial Value Distributions (2018)

Handling overplotted points in spatial pixel-based visualizations is usually done either by aggregation or sampling. The third rather unusual alternative is replacing data items untangling overplotted regions. Depending on the placement algorithm visual artifacts will be created based on an optimization between overplotting, display usage, and conservation. In this paper, we exploit the replacement and create pixel-based pie-charts reflecting the numerical distribution of spatially referenced data points. With this novel approach, we bridge the gap between the overview and detail phase in Shneiderman's Information Seeking mantra. Our presented algorithm is informally evaluated with a biological case study on baboon movement.
Experimental study on vertical scaling of InAs-on-insulator metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (2014)

We have investigated effects of the vertical scaling on electrical properties in extremely thin-body InAs-on-insulator (-OI) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs). It is found that the body thickness (Tbody) scaling provides better short channel effect (SCE) control, whereas the Tbody scaling also causes the reduction of the mobility limited by channel thickness fluctuation (δTbody) scattering (μfluctuation). Also, in order to achieve better SCEs control, the thickness of InAs channel layer (Tchannel) scaling is more favorable than the thickness of MOS interface buffer layer (Tbuffer) scaling from a viewpoint of a balance between SCEs control and μfluctuation reduction. These results indicate necessity of quantum well channel structure in InAs-OI MOSFETs and these should be considered in future transistor design.
Combining data and theory for derivable scientific discovery with AI-Descartes (2023)

Scientists aim to discover meaningful formulae that accurately describe experimental data. Mathematical models of natural phenomena can be manually created from domain knowledge and fitted to data, or, in contrast, created automatically from large datasets with machine-learning algorithms. The problem of incorporating prior knowledge expressed as constraints on the functional form of a learned model has been studied before, while finding models that are consistent with prior knowledge expressed via general logical axioms is an open problem. We develop a method to enable principled derivations of models of natural phenomena from axiomatic knowledge and experimental data by combining logical reasoning with symbolic regression. We demonstrate these concepts for Kepler's third law of planetary motion, Einstein's relativistic time-dilation law, and Langmuir's theory of adsorption. We show we can discover governing laws from few data points when logical reasoning is used to distinguish between candidate formulae having similar error on the data.
Microheterogeneous photooxidation (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMicroheterogeneous photooxidationD. C. Neckers and Jerzy. PaczkowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 2, 291–292Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00262a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00262a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (2018)

Strong recommendations include use of the 4Ts score rather than a gestalt approach for estimating the pretest probability of HIT and avoidance of HIT laboratory testing and empiric treatment of HIT in patients with a low-probability 4Ts score. Conditional recommendations include the choice among non-heparin anticoagulants (argatroban, bivalirudin, danaparoid, fondaparinux, direct oral anticoagulants) for treatment of acute HIT.
On-the-fly surface manufacturability constraints for freeform optical design enabled by orthogonal polynomials (2019)

When leveraging orthogonal polynomials for describing freeform optics, designers typically focus on the computational efficiency of convergence and the optical performance of the resulting designs. However, to physically realize these designs, the freeform surfaces need to be fabricated and tested. An optimization constraint is described that allows on-the-fly calculation and constraint of manufacturability estimates for freeform surfaces, namely peak-to-valley sag departure and maximum gradient normal departure. This constraint's construction is demonstrated in general for orthogonal polynomials, and in particular for both Zernike polynomials and Forbes 2D-Q polynomials. Lastly, this optimization constraint's impact during design is shown via two design studies: a redesign of a published unobscured three-mirror telescope in the ball geometry for use in LWIR imaging and a freeform prism combiner for use in AR/VR applications. It is shown that using the optimization penalty with a fixed number of coefficients enables an improvement in manufacturability in exchange for a tradeoff in optical performance. It is further shown that, when the number of coefficients is increased in conjunction with the optimization penalty, manufacturability estimates can be improved without sacrificing optical performance.
Aging interacts with tumor biology to produce major changes in the immune tumor microenvironment (2020)

Abstract Advanced age is strongly correlated with both increased cancer incidence and general immune decline. The immune tumor microenvironment (ITME) has been established as an important prognostic of both therapeutic efficacy and overall patient survival. Thus, age-related immune decline is an important consideration for the treatment of a large subset of cancer patients. Current studies of aging-related immune alterations are predominantly performed on non-cancerous tissue, requiring additional study into the effects of age on tumor immune infiltration. We leverage large scale transcriptional data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas and the Genotype-Tissue Expression project to distinguish normal age-related immune alterations from age-related changes in tumor immune infiltration. We demonstrate that while there is overlap between the normal immune aging phenotype and that of the ITME, there are several changes in immune cell abundance that are specific to the ITME, particularly in T cell, NK cell, and Macrophage populations. These results suggest that aged immune cells are more susceptible to tumor suppression of cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and activity than normal tissues, which creates an unfavorable ITME in older patients in excess of normal immune decline with age and may inform the application of existing and emerging immunotherapies for this large population of patients. We additionally identify that age-related increases in tumor mutational burden are associated with decreased DNA methylation and increased expression of the immune checkpoint genes PDL1, CD80, and LAG3 which may have implications for therapeutic application of immune checkpoint blockade in older patients.
Patients With Melanoma Metastases at Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Sites Are Highly Susceptible to Interleukin-2–Based Therapy (2001)

The authors evaluated the records of 371 patients with metastatic melanoma who received treatment with high-dose bolus interleukin-2. Patients with metastases only at cutaneous or subcutaneous sites had a higher objective response rate (50%) than did patients with metastases at these sites plus visceral sites (14%) or patients with metastases at visceral sites only (13%) (p<0.0001). Five patients with disease at cutaneous or subcutaneous sites plus visceral sites experienced regression only at the cutaneous or subcutaneous sites with progression at the visceral sites. Therefore, in the presence of visceral disease, the response rate at cutaneous or subcutaneous sites was only 17% compared with 50% when disease was at the latter sites only (p<0.001). These data suggest that melanoma lesions at cutaneous or subcutaneous sites are highly susceptible targets to interleukin-2-based therapies, but the presence of visceral disease is associated with a significant inhibition of response at cutaneous or subcutaneous sites.
Transcranial Doppler microemboli and acute brain injury in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: A prospective observational study (2022)

TCD analysis in a large cohort of patients on ECMO demonstrates a significant number of MES, especially in patients on VA-ECMO with intra-aortic balloon pump, and/or left ventricular assist device. However, clinical associations and significance of TCD MES remain unresolved and warrant further correlation with systematic imaging and long-term neurologic follow-up.
Using Multiple Markers In Graph Exploration (1990)

A fundamental problem in robotics is that of exploring an unknown environment. Most current approaches to exploration make use of a global distance metric that is used to relate past sensory experiences to local measurements. Rather than rely on such an assumption we consider the more general problem of exploration without a distance metric, as is typical of exploring using only visual information: we propose robot exploration as graph building. In earlier papers we have shown that it is not possible for a robot to successfully explore a metricless environment without aid, but that by augmenting the robot with a single marker (which can be put down or picked up at will) it is possible for a robot to map its environment[1]. In this paper we present the extension of our algorithm to the case of k markers, and comment on the resulting decrease in time for exploration. By defining a minimal model for the world and the sensory ability of the robot, we separate spatial reasoning from visual perception. In this paper we deal only with the spa-tial reasoning component of the exploration problem, and assume that visual perception can identify the marker and the edges incident on the current location.