gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biomaterials in Tendon and Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering: Current Trends and Challenges (2018)

Tissue engineering is a promising approach to repair tendon and muscle when natural healing fails. Biohybrid constructs obtained after cells&rsquo; seeding and culture in dedicated scaffolds have indeed been considered as relevant tools for mimicking native tissue, leading to a better integration in vivo. They can also be employed to perform advanced in vitro studies to model the cell differentiation or regeneration processes. In this review, we report and analyze the different solutions proposed in literature, for the reconstruction of tendon, muscle, and the myotendinous junction. They classically rely on the three pillars of tissue engineering, i.e., cells, biomaterials and environment (both chemical and physical stimuli). We have chosen to present biomimetic or bioinspired strategies based on understanding of the native tissue structure/functions/properties of the tissue of interest. For each tissue, we sorted the relevant publications according to an increasing degree of complexity in the materials&rsquo; shape or manufacture. We present their biological and mechanical performances, observed in vitro and in vivo when available. Although there is no consensus for a gold standard technique to reconstruct these musculo-skeletal tissues, the reader can find different ways to progress in the field and to understand the recent history in the choice of materials, from collagen to polymer-based matrices.
Influence of cigarette smoking and schistosomiasis on p53 gene mutation in urothelial cancer. (1993)

The mutation patterns of the p53 tumor suppressor gene have been shown to reflect the specific carcinogen(s) involved, or the epidemiological background in some cancers. To elucidate the impact of cigarette smoking or bilharzial infection on the p53 gene mutation pattern, 61 cases of urothelial cancer from Japan and 7 cases of bladder cancer with schistosomiasis from Egypt were examined for mutations of the p53 gene. In total, p53 gene mutations were detected in 20 Japanese cases (33%) and 6 Egyptian cases (86%). Although the incidence of p53 gene mutation was not significantly influenced by habitual smoking, a different mutation pattern was observed as follows: 4 of 10 mutations in smokers in Japan were A:T to G:C transitions, whereas such mutations were not detected in any of 10 mutations in nonsmokers, or in any of 6 mutations associated with schistosomiasis. Although no specific mutation pattern was detected for the squamous cell carcinomas with schistosomiasis, all 8 base substitutions observed in tumors with squamous cell carcinomas occurred at G:C sites, whereas base substitutions at A:T sites were observed in 33% (6 of 18) of mutations in transitional cell carcinomas. Our results suggest that cigarette smoking may have a significant impact on the mutations of the p53 gene in urothelial cancers. Furthermore, the distinct spectrum of the p53 gene mutation found in tumors with squamous cell carcinomas may reflect their unique etiological backgrounds.
COMP-Ang1 Potentiates EPC Treatment of Ischemic Brain Injury by Enhancing Angiogenesis Through Activating AKT-mTOR Pathway and Promoting Vascular Migration Through Activating Tie2-FAK Pathway (2015)

Hyo Eun Moon, Kyunghee Byun, Hyung Woo Park, Jin Hyun Kim, Jin Hur, Joong Shin Park, Jong Kwan Jun, Hyo-Soo Kim, Seung Leal Paek, In Keyoung Kim, Jae Ha Hwang, Jin Wook Kim, Dong Gyu Kim, Young Chul Sung, Gou-Young Koh, Chang W Song, Bonghee Lee and Sun Ha Paek. Exp Neurobiol 2015;24:55-70. https://doi.org/10.5607/en.2015.24.1.55
Estrogen Replacement Therapy for Stroke (2013)

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and severe disability among Western populations. Overall, the incidence of stroke is uniformly higher in men than in women. Stroke is rare in women during the reproductive years, and rapidly increases after menopause, strongly suggesting that estrogen (E2) plays an important role in the prevention of stroke. Ongoing studies are currently evaluating both the benefits and risks associated with E2 replacement therapy and hormone replacement therapy in stroke. Equally important is the role of E2 receptor (ER), as studies indicate that ER populations in several tissue sites may significantly change during stress and aging. Such changes may affect the patient's susceptibility to neurological disorders including stroke, and greatly affect the response to selective E2 receptor modulators (SERMs). Replacement therapies may be inefficient with low ER levels. The goal of this review paper is to discuss an animal model that will allow investigations of the potential therapeutic effects of E2 and its derivatives in stroke. We hypothesize that E2 neuroprotection is, in part, receptor mediated. This hypothesis is a proof of principle approach to demonstrate a role for specific ER subtypes in E2 neuroprotection. To accomplish this, we use a retroviral mediated gene transfer strategy that express subtypes of the ER gene in regions of the rat brain most susceptible to neuronal damage, namely the striatum and cortex. The animal model is exposed to experimental stroke conditions involving middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) method, and eventually the extent of neuronal damage will be evaluated. A reduction in neuronal damage is expected when E2 is administered with specific ER subtypes. From this animal model, an optimal E2 dose and treatment regimen can be determined. The animal model can help identify potential E2-like therapeutics in stroke, and screen for beneficial or toxic additives present in commercial E2 preparations that are currently available. Such studies will be informative in designing drug therapies for stroke.
Simultaneous Mode and Wavelength Division Multiplexing On-Chip (2013)

Significant effort in optical-fiber research has been put in recent years into realizing mode-division multiplexing (MDM) in conjunction with wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) to enable further scaling of the communication bandwidth per fiber. In contrast almost all integrated photonics operate exclusively in the single-mode regime. MDM is rarely considered for integrated photonics due to the difficulty in coupling selectively to high-order modes which usually results in high inter-modal crosstalk. Here we show the first demonstration of simultaneous on-chip mode and wavelength division multiplexing with low modal crosstalk and loss. Our approach can potentially increase the aggregate data rate by many times for on-chip ultra-high bandwidth communications.
Improving the Reliability of Pick-and-Place With Aerial Vehicles Through Fault-Tolerant Software and a Custom Magnetic End-Effector (2021)

Aerial manipulation is an emerging field in robotics with various potential applications such as transport and delivery, agriculture, and, infrastructure inspection. To deploy aerial vehicles in the real world, the safety and reliability of these systems is paramount. Motivated by the need for safety and reliability, this work proposes a software framework that has built-in robustness to algorithmic failures and hardware faults. The framework allows users to build complex applications while reasoning about faults that can happen at different stages of an aerial manipulation task and specifying fallback actions to return to normal operating mode. The aerial manipulator is further endowed with a magnetic gripper that can handle positional errors arising from perception and control uncertainties. We also introduce a bias estimator for measuring the contact forces and sensor bias. We demonstrate how the estimator can be used to detect either completion or failures across several tasks. We demonstrate the reliability of the proposed framework on two tasks: package sorting task (e.g. as might be used in a distribution center) and sensor placement task (for infrastructure inspection). We show different failure modes that can occur and how our aerial manipulation system recovers from them.
Impact of an Artificial Digestion Procedure on Aluminum-Containing Nanomaterials (2017)

Aluminum has gathered toxicological attention based on relevant human exposure and its suspected hazardous potential. Nanoparticles from food supplements or food contact materials may reach the human gastrointestinal tract. Here, we monitored the physicochemical fate of aluminum-containing nanoparticles and aluminum ions when passaging an in vitro model of the human gastrointestinal tract. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ion beam microscopy (IBM), secondary ion beam mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in the single-particle mode were employed to characterize two aluminum-containing nanomaterials with different particle core materials (Al<sup>0</sup>, γAl<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) and soluble AlCl<sub>3</sub>. Particle size and shape remained unchanged in saliva, whereas strong agglomeration of both aluminum nanoparticle species was observed at low pH in gastric fluid together with an increased ion release. The levels of free aluminum ions decreased in intestinal fluid and the particles deagglomerated, thus liberating primary particles again. Dissolution of nanoparticles was limited and substantial changes of their shape and size were not detected. The amounts of particle-associated phosphorus, chlorine, potassium, and calcium increased in intestinal fluid, as compared to nanoparticles in standard dispersion. Interestingly, nanoparticles were found in the intestinal fluid after addition of ionic aluminum. We provide a comprehensive characterization of the fate of aluminum nanoparticles in simulated gastrointestinal fluids, demonstrating that orally ingested nanoparticles probably reach the intestinal epithelium. The balance between dissolution and de novo complex formation should be considered when evaluating nanotoxicological experiments.
Interactions of Aflatoxin B1 and Alkylating Agents with DNA: Structural and Functional Studies (1983)

Over the past two decades, an increasing body of epidemiological evidence has suggested a role for certain environmental chemicals in the etiologies of a number of human genetic diseases, including cancer (Doll and Peto 1981). The mechanistic details of the means by which chemicals induce cellular transformation are still, for the most part, incompletely understood, but there is good evidence that the chemically induced alteration of informational macromolecules is an early and probably requisite event. Indeed, most chemicals that are potent carcinogens bind very effectively to DNA, RNA, and protein in vivo, with metabolic activation often required to convert the carcinogens to reactive, usually electrophilic derivatives that form covalent adducts with these macromolecules (Miller 1978).
Heterologous protection against lethal A/HongKong/156/97 (H5N1) influenza virus infection in C57BL/6 mice (2000)

The continual threat posed by newly emerging influenza virus strains is demonstrated by the recent outbreak of H5N1 influenza virus in Hong Kong. Currently, immunization against influenza virus infection is fairly adequate, but it is imperative that improved vaccines are developed that can protect against a variety of strains and be generated rapidly. Since humoral immunity is ineffective against serologically distinct viruses, one strategy would be to develop vaccines that emphasize cellular immunity. Here we report the successful protection of C57BL/6 mice from a lethal A/HK/156/97 (HK156) infection by immunizing first with an H9N2 isolate, A/Quail/HK/G1/97 (QHKG1), that harbours internal genes 98% homologous to HK156. This strategy also protected mice that are deficient in antibody production, indicating that the immunity is T-cell-mediated. In the course of these studies, we generated a highly pathogenic H5N1 reassortant which implicated NP and PB2 as having an important contribution to pathogenesis when present with a highly cleavable H5. These results provide the first demonstration that protective cell-mediated immunity can be established against the highly virulent HK156 virus and have important implications for the development of novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of HK156 infection and the design of future influenza vaccines.
Generating diverse and natural text-to-speech samples using a quantized\n fine-grained VAE and auto-regressive prosody prior (2020)

Recent neural text-to-speech (TTS) models with fine-grained latent features\nenable precise control of the prosody of synthesized speech. Such models\ntypically incorporate a fine-grained variational autoencoder (VAE) structure,\nextracting latent features at each input token (e.g., phonemes). However,\ngenerating samples with the standard VAE prior often results in unnatural and\ndiscontinuous speech, with dramatic prosodic variation between tokens. This\npaper proposes a sequential prior in a discrete latent space which can generate\nmore naturally sounding samples. This is accomplished by discretizing the\nlatent features using vector quantization (VQ), and separately training an\nautoregressive (AR) prior model over the result. We evaluate the approach using\nlistening tests, objective metrics of automatic speech recognition (ASR)\nperformance, and measurements of prosody attributes. Experimental results show\nthat the proposed model significantly improves the naturalness in random sample\ngeneration. Furthermore, initial experiments demonstrate that randomly sampling\nfrom the proposed model can be used as data augmentation to improve the ASR\nperformance.\n
Generation of CW Terahertz Waves in the 3 THz Range Using a MZM-Based Flat Comb Generator (2014)

THz waves in the 3 THz range have been generated by photonic down-conversion using a Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator. THz waves were detected by a hot electron bolometer mixer with a quantum cascade laser.
Targeted Tumor-Penetrating siRNA Nanocomplexes for Credentialing the Ovarian Cancer Oncogene ID4 (2012)

The comprehensive characterization of a large number of cancer genomes will eventually lead to a compendium of genetic alterations in specific cancers. Unfortunately, the number and complexity of identified alterations complicate endeavors to identify biologically relevant mutations critical for tumor maintenance because many of these targets are not amenable to manipulation by small molecules or antibodies. RNA interference provides a direct way to study putative cancer targets; however, specific delivery of therapeutics to the tumor parenchyma remains an intractable problem. We describe a platform for the discovery and initial validation of cancer targets, composed of a systematic effort to identify amplified and essential genes in human cancer cell lines and tumors partnered with a novel modular delivery technology. We developed a tumor-penetrating nanocomplex (TPN) that comprised small interfering RNA (siRNA) complexed with a tandem tumor-penetrating and membrane-translocating peptide, which enabled the specific delivery of siRNA deep into the tumor parenchyma. We used TPN in vivo to evaluate inhibitor of DNA binding 4 (ID4) as a novel oncogene. Treatment of ovarian tumor-bearing mice with ID4-specific TPN suppressed growth of established tumors and significantly improved survival. These observations not only credential ID4 as an oncogene in 32% of high-grade ovarian cancers but also provide a framework for the identification, validation, and understanding of potential therapeutic cancer targets.
DIRECT IMPACT CORONA IONIZATION OF BACTERIA FOR RAPID, REPRODUCIBLE IDENTIFICATION VIA SPECTRAL PATTERN RECOGNITION (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Pierre Alusta, Dan Buzatu, Olga Tarasenko, Jon Wilkes, Jerry Darsey; DIRECT IMPACT CORONA IONIZATION OF BACTERIA FOR RAPID, REPRODUCIBLE IDENTIFICATION VIA SPECTRAL PATTERN RECOGNITION. AIP Conf. Proc. 10 June 2011; 1326 (1): 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3587468 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Learning to Detect Scene Landmarks for Camera Localization (2022)

Modern camera localization methods that use image retrieval, feature matching, and 3D structure-based pose estimation require long-term storage of numerous scene images or a vast amount of image features. This can make them unsuitable for resource constrained VR/AR devices and also raises serious privacy concerns. We present a new learned camera localization technique that eliminates the need to store features or a detailed 3D point cloud. Our key idea is to implicitly encode the appearance of a sparse yet salient set of 3D scene points into a convolutional neural network (CNN) that can detect these scene points in query images whenever they are visible. We refer to these points as scene landmarks. We also show that a CNN can be trained to regress bearing vectors for such landmarks even when they are not within the camera's field-of-view. We demonstrate that the predicted landmarks yield accurate pose estimates and that our method outperforms DSAC*, the state-of-the-art in learned localization. Furthermore, extending HLoc (an accurate method) by combining its correspondences with our predictions boosts its accuracy even further.
Data from A Targeted RNAi Screen of the Breast Cancer Genome Identifies <i>KIF14</i> and <i>TLN1</i> as Genes That Modulate Docetaxel Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To identify biomarkers within the breast cancer genome that may predict chemosensitivity in breast cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We conducted an RNA interference (RNAi) screen within the breast cancer genome for genes whose loss-of-function enhanced docetaxel chemosensitivity in an estrogen receptor–negative, progesterone receptor–negative, and Her2-negative (ER−, PR−, and Her2−, respectively) breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. Top candidates were tested for their ability to modulate chemosensitivity in 8 breast cancer cell lines and to show &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; chemosensitivity in a mouse xenograft model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; From ranking chemosensitivity of 328 short hairpin RNA (shRNA) MDA-MB-231 cell lines (targeting 133 genes with known somatic mutations in breast cancer), we focused on the top two genes, &lt;i&gt;kinesin family member 14&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;KIF14&lt;/i&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;talin 1&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;TLN1&lt;/i&gt;). KIF14 and TLN1 loss-of-function significantly enhanced chemosensitivity in four triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines (MDA-MB-231, HCC38, HCC1937, and Hs478T) but not in three hormone receptor–positive cell lines (MCF7, T47D, and HCC1428) or normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC). Decreased expression of KIF14, but not TLN1, also enhanced docetaxel sensitivity in a Her2-amplified breast cancer cell line, SUM190PT. Higher &lt;i&gt;KIF14&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;TLN1&lt;/i&gt; expressions are found in TNBCs compared with the other clinical subtypes. Mammary fat pad xenografts of KIF14- and TLN1-deficient MDA-MB-231 cells revealed reduced tumor mass compared with control MDA-MB-231 cells after chemotherapy. &lt;i&gt;KIF14&lt;/i&gt; expression is also prognostic of relapse-free and overall survival in representative breast cancer expression arrays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; KIF14 and TLN1 are modulators of response to docetaxel and potential therapeutic targets in TNBC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(8); 2061–70. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of HIV‐1 Tat and morphine on the biophysical properties of sodium channels (653.5) (2014)

HIV‐infection continues to be a major clinical manifestation in the combination antiretroviral therapy era (cART), that is enhanced in opioid‐drug abusers. The gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa plays a major role in HIV‐infection as HIV is mostly transmitted across mucosal surfaces. The enteric nervous system (ENS) controls several GI processes including motility and secretion which are specifically affected in HIV‐infected patients. Opioids directly affect the ENS, causing severe constipation. Because the virus does not infect neurons, it is suggested that viral toxins, such as Tat, modulate neuronal function in HIV‐1‐infected patients. Tat has been shown to increase neuronal excitability but not much is known about effects of Tat on enteric neurons in combination with drug abuse. Recent experimental studies in our lab have shown that Tat increases enteric neuronal excitability by shifting the voltage‐dependence of activation of sodium channels to more negative potentials. In contrast, morphine alone decreases the availability of sodium channels in enteric neurons reducing excitability. Voltage gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are responsible for the generation and propagation of action potentials in neurons. In order to determine the effects of Tat (100 nM) in combination with morphine (0.3µM, 3µM) on the voltage dependence of steady‐state activation/ inactivation of sodium channels, we used a double‐pulse protocol in which a variable conditioning pulse was applied from −100mV to +50mV in 10mV steps for 50 ms followed by a test pulse. In Tat‐treated neurons, the sensitivity to morphine was significantly enhanced. The V0.5 for steady‐state inactivation was shifted in Tat‐treated neurons at 0.3 uM morphine with 50% decrease in maximal availability at ‐100 mV. Morphine did not alter the steady‐state activation. Taken together, data suggest that Tat increases the sensitivity to morphine in enteric neurons that may exacerbate the deleterious effects of morphine on GI motility. Grant Funding Source : Supported by NIDA R01 DA018633, K02 DA027374, K99 DA033878, DK046367.
Glossary of Principal Symbols (1987)

Along with text and graphics, images are fast becoming a generic data type for general-purpose computer systems. This poses new problems for the systems designer, who must be able to preprocess digital image data for a wide variety of video and hard copy displays. Digital halftoning, the method by which the illusion of continuous-tone images are created through the arrangement of binary picture elements, is a key component of any preprocessing.Digital Halftoning addresses the problem of developing algorithms that best match the specific parameters of any target display device. It is the first significant study of the process of producing quality images on practical computer displays.To aid the systems designer, Ulichney devises the concept of blue noise - which has many desirable properties for halftoning - and suggests efficient algorithms for its use. He also introduces new metrics for analyzing the frequency content of periodic and aperiodic patterns for both rectangular and hexagonal grids, and presents a unique aspect ratio immunity argument in favor of hexagonal grids. Included are several carefully selected digitally-produced images.Robert Ulichney is Principle Engineer with the Digital Equipment Corporation.
Solvent-free macrocyclisation by nucleophile-mediated oxa-Michael addition polymerisation of divinyl sulfone and alcohols (2017)

Divinyl sulfone and di- or multifunctional alcohols quantitatively react within minutes under solvent-less conditions upon addition of 4-dimethylaminopyridine.