gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Pilot Study on the Effect of Epinephrine on Botulinum Toxin Treatment for Periorbital Rhytides (2007)

BACKGROUND Relaxation of hyperactive facial muscles by injection of botulinum toxin type A (BOTOX, Allergan Inc., Irvine, CA) represents the most common cosmetic procedure performed in the United States. OBJECTIVE The objective of this split-face randomized double-blind study was to determine the effect of epinephrine (EPI) on the efficacy of BOTOX treatment of muscle hyperactivity in the upper face. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen subjects (ages 39–57 years) with moderate to severe periorbital rhytides were enrolled. Study patients were blinded to the two treatment arms, BOTOX and BOTOX plus EPI 1:100,000. Subjective and objective evaluations were performed at 0 and 4 days and 1, 3, and 6 months, and clinical improvement was assessed using a nominal scale from 0 to 4, corresponding to 0, 1% to 25%, 26% to 50%, 51% to 75%, and 76% to 100% improvement, respectively. The incidence of adverse events was also recorded. RESULTS Fourteen subjects with moderate to severe periorbital rhytides were treated with BOTOX or BOTOX plus EPI. One subject was discontinued from the study after receiving asymmetric doses of BOTOX. At 4, 30, and 90 days after treatment, subjective and objective improvement scores revealed that EPI enhanced the efficacy of BOTOX when compared to BOTOX alone. By 3 months, the effect of BOTOX and BOTOX plus EPI had peaked and continued to fall through 6 months. One of 14 patients did not appear to respond to BOTOX treatment. Both treatments were well tolerated with no serious adverse events. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, we are the first to test under randomized double-blind conditions the effect of EPI on efficacy of BOTOX. Our data suggest that addition of EPI may accelerate the rate of onset as well as the short-term efficacy of BOTOX for treatment of periorbital rhytides.
Composite Porous Silicon–Silver Nanoparticles as Theranostic Antibacterial Agents (2016)

A theranostic nanoparticle with biochemically triggered antibacterial activity is demonstrated. Metallic silver is deposited onto porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) by galvanic displacement. When aqueous diaminesilver ([Ag(NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup>) is used as a silver source, the pSiNPs template the crystalline silver as small (mean diameter 13 nm) and well-dispersed nanoparticles embedded within and on the larger (100 nm) pSiNPs. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) quench intrinsic photoluminescence (PL) from the porous silicon (pSi) matrix. When exposed to an aqueous oxidant, the AgNPs are preferentially etched, Ag<sup>+</sup> is released into solution, and PL from the pSi carrier is recovered. The released Ag<sup>+</sup> results in 90% killing of (Gram-negative) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and (Gram-positive) Staphylococcus aureus within 3 h. When conjugated with the TAT peptide (sequence RKKRRQRRR), the silver-deposited porous silicon (pSi-Ag) nanocomposite shows distinct targeting toward S. aureus bacteria in vitro. Intravenously injected TAT-conjugated pSi-Ag nanoparticles accumulate in the liver, spleen, and lungs of mice, and the in vivo release of Ag<sup>+</sup> and recovery of PL from pSi are demonstrated by the subsequent intraperitoneal administration of a hexacyanoferrate solution. The released Ag<sup>+</sup> leads to a significant bacterial count reduction in liver tissue relative to the control. The data demonstrate the feasibility of the targeted and triggered delivery of antibacterial Ag<sup>+</sup> ion in vivo, using a self-reporting and nontoxic nanocarrier.
SymPhone: Design and implementation of a VoIP peer for Symbian mobile phones using Bluetooth and SIP (2011)

VoIP is born from the growing Internet infrastructure, which has over the years seen significant improvements in both bandwidth and end-to-end latency. In this paper, we explore making VoIP available on a mobile phone. For that purpose, we propose an architecture and describe the various components involved. Data entering and leaving the mobile phone is encapsulated in a wireless Bluetooth connection. The bridge to the Internet is provided by a linux Bluetooth access point. The system is compatible with current VoIP standards using RTP and SIP for data and signaling transmission, respectively. It has been tested to work in combination with several known softphones. Both RTP and SIP stack are built on top of a special IP emulation layer on the mobile phone, which has been developed to facilitate the migration of the application onto devices having a direct IP binding available for Bluetooth such as BNEP (Bluetooth Network Encapsulation Protocol). Apart from presenting design and implementation details, the paper also provides measurement results with regard to delay and session setup time and discusses certain limitations of the application evolving from restrictions imposed by the mobile phone’s programming platform.
Covalent Disruptor of YAP-TEAD Association Suppresses Defective Hippo Signaling (2022)

Abstract The transcription factor TEAD, together with its coactivator YAP/TAZ, is a key transcriptional modulator of the Hippo pathway. Activation of TEAD transcription by YAP has been implicated in a number of malignancies, and this complex represents a promising target for drug discovery. However, both YAP and its extensive binding interfaces to TEAD have been difficult to address using small molecules, mainly due to a lack of druggable pockets. TEAD is post-translationally modified by palmitoylation that targets a conserved cysteine at a central pocket, which provides an opportunity to develop cysteine-directed covalent small molecules for TEAD inhibition. Here, we employed covalent fragment screening approach followed by structure-based design to develop an irreversible TEAD inhibitor MYF-03-69. Using a range of in vitro and cell-based assays we demonstrated that through a covalent binding with TEAD palmitate pocket, MYF-03-69 disrupts YAP-TEAD association, suppresses TEAD transcriptional activity and inhibits cell growth of Hippo signaling defective malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). Further, a cell viability screening with a panel of 903 cancer cell lines indicated a high correlation between TEAD-YAP dependency and the sensitivity to MYF-03-69. Transcription profiling identified the upregulation of proapoptotic BMF gene in cancer cells that are sensitive to TEAD inhibition. Further optimization of MYF-03-69 led to an in vivo compatible compound MYF-03-176, which shows strong antitumor efficacy in MPM mouse xenograft model via oral administration. Taken together, we disclosed a story of the development of covalent TEAD inhibitors and its high therapeutic potential for clinic treatment for the cancers that are driven by TEAD-YAP alteration.
349. Pretreatment of the Esophagus with Manganese Superoxide Dismutase-Plasmid Liposome (MnSOD-PL) Complex Increases Migration and Proliferation of Marrow Stem Cell Progenitors of Esophageal Squamous Epithelium (2006)

Following irradiation of the murine esophagus there is detectable migration of marrow origin stem cells into the esophagus associated with recovery from irradiation-induced damage. Irradiation of the esophagus or the bone marrow results in stably increased detectable production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) for weeks. We hypothesized that reducing the production of ROS following irradiation may allow for increased stable recruitment of stem cells into the irradiated areas. C57BL/6NHsd female mice were administered MnSOD-PL (100 |[mu]|g plasmid DNA) by intraesophageal injection 24 hours before irradiation to 29 Gy. Control mice were irradiated to 29 Gy. The mice were then injected I.V. with bone marrow cells isolated from ROSA (LacZ+) male mice. Fourteen days after irradiation mice were sacrificed and the esophagus excised and sorted into side population (SP) and non-SP cells. In mice that received MnSOD-PL prior to irradiation, 40% of the non-SP cells were LacZ+ compared to 10% in mice that received irradiation only. Sorting of esophageal SP cells which include multilineage stem cells showed 20% from MnSOD-PL pretreated then irradiated mice were LacZ+ compared to 8% of the SP cells from control irradiated mice. In addition, mice that received MnSOD-PL intraesophageally 24 hours before irradiation also had decreased apoptotic cells. At day 5 following irradiation, 20% of control irradiated esophageal cells were undergoing apoptosis; whereas, in mice that were pre-treated with MnSOD-PL there was less than 1% apoptosis. In conclusion, administration of MnSOD-PL results in increased migration of stem cells from the bone marrow into the esophagus and decreased apoptosis in the esophagus. The data suggest that MnSOD-PL pre- irradiation treatment of the esophagus results in increased marrow cell engraftment due to reduction of ROS.
Mutation of the Streptococcus gordonii Thiol-Disulfide Oxidoreductase SdbA Leads to Enhanced Biofilm Formation Mediated by the CiaRH Two-Component Signaling System (2016)

Streptococcus gordonii is a commensal inhabitant of human oral biofilms. Previously, we identified an enzyme called SdbA that played an important role in biofilm formation by S. gordonii. SdbA is thiol-disulfide oxidoreductase that catalyzes disulfide bonds in secreted proteins. Surprisingly, inactivation of SdbA results in enhanced biofilm formation. In this study we investigated the basis for biofilm formation by the ΔsdbA mutant. The results revealed that biofilm formation was mediated by the interaction between the CiaRH and ComDE two-component signalling systems. Although it did not affect biofilm formation by the S. gordonii parent strain, CiaRH was upregulated in the ΔsdbA mutant and it was essential for the enhanced biofilm phenotype. The biofilm phenotype was reversed by inactivation of CiaRH or by the addition of competence stimulating peptide, the production of which is blocked by CiaRH activity. Competition assays showed that the enhanced biofilm phenotype also corresponded to increased oral colonization in mice. Thus, the interaction between SdbA, CiaRH and ComDE affects biofilm formation both in vitro and in vivo.
Tuning of Polyoxopalladate Macroanionic Hydration Shell via Countercation Interaction (2017)

Three types of macroanion-countercation interactions in dilute solution, decided by the strength of electrostatic attraction and the change of hydration shells are reported: minor interaction between macroanions [MO<sub>8</sub> Pd<sub>12</sub> (SeO<sub>3</sub> )<sub>8</sub> ]<sup>6-</sup> (M=Zn<sup>2+</sup> or Ni<sup>2+</sup> ) and monovalent cations (Na<sup>+</sup> , K<sup>+</sup> , Rb<sup>+</sup> , Cs<sup>+</sup> ), leaving their hydration shells intact (solvent-separated ion-pairs); strong binding between macroanions and divalent cations (Sr<sup>2+</sup> , Ba<sup>2+</sup> ) to form solvent-shared ion-pairs with partial dehydration; very strong electrostatic attraction between macroanions and Y<sup>3+</sup> ion with contact ion-pairs formation by severely breaking their original hydration shells and forming new ones. In addition, divalent cations can help the macroanions self-assemble into hollow spherical blackberry structures through counterion-mediated attraction, whereas macroanions with mono- or trivalent cations only stay as discrete ions due to either weak interaction or a small number of bound countercations.
Genetic Code Expansion in Animals (2018)

Expanding the genetic code to enable the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in biological systems provides a powerful tool for studying protein structure and function. While this technology has been mostly developed and applied in bacterial and mammalian cells, it recently expanded into animals, including worms, fruit flies, zebrafish, and mice. In this review, we highlight recent advances toward the methodology development of genetic code expansion in animal model organisms. We further illustrate the applications, including proteomic labeling in fruit flies and mice and optical control of protein function in mice and zebrafish. We summarize the challenges of unnatural amino acid mutagenesis in animals and the promising directions toward broad application of this emerging technology.
Mechanistic Aspects of the Reactions of Bis(pentafluorophenyl)borane with the Dialkyl Zirconocenes Cp2ZrR2(R = CH3, CH2SiMe3, and CH2C6H5) (1998)

The reactions of bis(pentafluorophenyl)borane with simple dialkyl zirconocenes Cp2ZrR2 (R = CH3, CH2SiMe3, CH2Ph) proceed via initial alkyl/hydride exchange to yield “Cp2Zr(H)R” and RB(C6F5)2. Two reaction paths are then followed depending on whether further equivalents of HB(C6F5)2 are present or not. If present, HB(C6F5)2 reacts with the newly formed Zr−H moiety to form dihydridoborate compounds, ultimately yielding Cp2Zr[(μ-H)2B(C6F5)2]2, 1, and 2 equiv of RB(C6F5)2. Compound 1 was characterized by X-ray crystallography. In the absence of more HB(C6F5)2, the products of alkyl/hydride exchange react to eliminate RH and produce the borane-stabilized alkylidene compounds Cp2Zr(μ-CH2)[(μ-H)B(C6F5)2], 2, and Cp2Zr{η3-CH(C6H5)[(μ-H)B(C6F5)2]}, 4. The latter compound is formed cleanly in 92% yield and was characterized by X-ray crystallography. Mechanistic studies on these reactions involving partially deuterated compounds reveal that the alkyl/hyride exchange process is reversible and takes place via a stepwise alkide-abstraction−hydride-replacement sequence rather than a concerted, four-centered σ-bond metathesis type mechanism. This is most convincingly demonstrated by the observed inversion of stereochemistry observed when erythro-Cp2Zr[CH(D)CH(D)-t-C4H9](Cl) (3JHH = 12.82 ± 0.05 Hz) is treated with excess HB(C6F5)2, producing threo-(C6F5)2B−CH(D)CH(D)-t-C4H9 (3JHH = 5.00 ± 0.05 Hz). Further experiments reveal a H/D scrambling process involving the borane proton and the Cα−H positions of the zirconium alkyl groups (R = CH3, CH2Ph). For example, treatment of Cp2Zr(CD2C6D5)2 with 1 equiv of HB(C6F5)2 leads to a mixture of isotopomers of 4 and toluene, including C6D5CH3 and C6D5CH2D, suggesting a scrambling process in which the borane engages in multiple contacts with the metallocene reagent prior to alkane elimination. The H/D scrambling event is proposed to involve hydridoborate attack of the remaining alkyl group on the forming metallocene cation as HB(C6F5)2 abstracts the other alkide ligand. The implications of these mechanistic studies within the realms of metallocene activation and metallocene-catalyzed hydroborations are discussed.
Data from Axl Blockade by BGB324 Inhibits BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor–Sensitive and -Resistant Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; BCR-ABL kinase inhibitors are employed successfully for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatment. However, resistant disease and persistence of BCR-ABL1–independent leukemia stem and progenitor cells (LSPC) remain clinical challenges. The receptor tyrosine kinase Axl can mediate survival and therapy resistance of different cancer cells. We investigated the therapeutic potential of Axl inhibition in CML.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We used primary cells from patients with CML and TKI-sensitive and -resistant BCR-ABL1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; CML cell lines and a novel ponatinib-resistant cell line KCL-22 PonR. We analyzed the effects of genetic and pharmacologic Axl blockade by the small-molecule Axl inhibitor BGB324 &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. In BCR-ABL1–unmutated cells, we also investigated BGB324 in combination with imatinib.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We demonstrate overexpression of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase in primary cells of patients with CML compared with healthy individuals and a further increase of Axl expression in BCR-ABL TKI-resistant patients. We show that Axl blockage decreased growth of BCR-ABL TKI-sensitive CML cells including CD34&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells and exerts additive effects with imatinib via inhibition of Stat5 activation. BGB324 also inhibits BCR-ABL TKI-resistant cells, including T315I-mutated and ponatinib-resistant primary cells. BGB324 exerted therapeutic effects in BCR-ABL1 T315I-mutated and ponatinib-resistant preclinical mouse models. Notably, BGB324 does not inhibit BCR-ABL1 and consequently inhibits CML independent of BCR-ABL1 mutational status.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data show that Axl inhibition has therapeutic potential in BCR-ABL TKI-sensitive as well as -resistant CML and support the need for clinical trials. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 23(9); 2289–300. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Miniature Free-Space Electrostatic Ion Thrusters (2006)

A miniature electrostatic ion thruster is proposed for maneuvering small spacecraft. In a thruster based on this concept, one or more propellant gases would be introduced into an ionizer based on the same principles as those of the device described in an earlier article, Miniature Bipolar Electrostatic Ion Thruster. On the front side, positive ions leaving an ionizer element would be accelerated to high momentum by an electric field between the ionizer and an accelerator grid around the periphery of the concave laminate structure. On the front side, electrons leaving an ionizer element would be ejected into free space by a smaller accelerating field. The equality of the ion and electron currents would eliminate the need for an additional electron- or ion-emitting device to keep the spacecraft charge-neutral. In a thruster design consisting of multiple membrane ionizers in a thin laminate structure with a peripheral accelerator grid, the direction of thrust could then be controlled (without need for moving parts in the thruster) by regulating the supply of gas to specific ionizer.
Adhesive Wafer Bonding Using Ultra-Thin Spray-Coated BCB Layers (2020)

Permanent adhesive wafer bonding is a mature technology as it provides the advantages of a low thermal budget process and is less sensitive to the quality of the bonding surfaces. One of the most used materials for this process is Benzocyclobutene (BCB). Due to its usage the material was further developed for bonding applications. In this work we report the fabrication of ultrathin BCB bonding layers (down to 25 nm thickness) by means of spray coating. The advantages of such bonding layers are both technical (e.g. no substrates shift due to adhesive layer flow during bond process) or and economical (significantly lower material consumption compared to spin coating). The fabrication and characterization of such bonding layers is presented and bonding results are presented.
Korrosion von Kulturgut: Entdeckung einer kollagenartigen Tripelhelix in der Kristallstruktur von Calciumacetat‐Hemihydrat (2020)

Abstract Helikale Strukturmotive sind in der Natur omnipräsent, z. B. als DNA‐Doppelhelix oder Kollagen‐Tripelhelix. Bei letzterer ist die helikale Struktur durch Glycin bedingt, der kleinsten Aminosäure, dessen molekulare Konformation eng mit der von Essigsäure verwandt ist. In Calciumacetat‐Hemihydrat, entstanden aus der Reaktion von Essigsäure mit in der Natur allgegenwärtigem Kalk und Wasser, wurde jetzt eine kollagen‐artige Tripelhelix entdeckt. Dieses Calciumsalz wird als Ausblühung auf Molluskenschalen, Keramik oder Marmor beobachtet. In einem Modellexperiment wurde reines Calciumacetat‐Hemihydrat auf der Oberfläche eines Terrakotta‐Gefäßes auskristallisiert. Calciumacetat‐Hemihydrat kristallisiert in einer überraschend großen Elementarzelle mit einem Volumen von 11 794.5(3) Å 3 bei Normalbedingungen. Acetat‐Ionen verbrücken benachbarte Calcium‐Kationen und bilden Spiralketten, die in einer Tripelhelix‐Struktur angeordnet sind.
Possible involvement of CD81 in acrosome reaction of sperm in mice (2007)

Tetraspanin CD81 is closely homologous in amino acid sequence with CD9. CD9 is well known to be involved in sperm-egg fusion, and CD81 has also been reported to be involved in membrane fusion events. However, the function of CD81 as well as that of CD9 in membrane fusion remains unclear. Here, we report that disruption of the mouse CD81 gene led to a reduction in the fecundity of female mice, and CD81-/- eggs had impaired ability to fuse with sperm. Furthermore, we demonstrated that when CD81-/- eggs were incubated with sperm, some of the sperm that penetrated into the perivitelline space of CD81-/- eggs had not yet undergone the acrosome reaction, indicating that the impaired fusibility of CD81-/- eggs may be in part caused by failure of the acrosome reaction of sperm. In addition, we showed that CD81 was highly expressed in granulosa cells, somatic cells that surround oocytes. Our observations suggest that there is an interaction between sperm and CD81 on somatic cells surrounding eggs before the direct interaction of sperm and eggs. Our results may provide new clues for clarifying the cellular mechanism of the acrosome reaction, which is required for sperm-egg fusion.
Luminescent, bimetallic AuAg alloy quantum clusters in protein templates (2012)

We report the synthesis of luminescent AuAg alloy quantum clusters (QCs) in bovine serum albumin (BSA), for the first time, with experimentally determined atomic composition. Mixing of the as-synthesized protein-protected Au and Ag clusters resulted in the formation of alloy AuAg clusters within the BSA. Mass spectrometric analysis of the product of a 1 : 1 molar ratio reaction mixture of Au(QC)@BSA and Ag(QC)@BSA suggested that the alloy clusters could be Au(38-x)Ag(x)@BSA. Further analyses by standard techniques revealed that the alloy cluster core of ∼1.2 nm diameter is composed of nearly zero valent Au and Ag atoms that exhibit distinctly different steady state and time resolved excited state luminescence profiles compared to the parent clusters. Tuning of the alloy composition was achieved by varying the molar ratio of the parent species in the reaction mixture and compositional changes were observed by mass spectrometry. In another approach, mixing of Au(3+) ions with the as-synthesized Ag(QC)@BSA also resulted in the formation of alloy clusters through galvanic exchange reactions. We believe that alloy clusters with the combined properties of the constituents in versatile protein templates would have potential applications in the future. The work presents interesting aspects of the reactivity of the protein-protected clusters.
Cooperative Estimation of Power and Direction of Transmission for a Directive Source (2016)

Reliable spectrum cartography of directive sources depends on an accurate estimation of the direction of transmission (DoT) as well as the transmission power. Joint estimation of power and DoT of a directive source using ML estimation techniques is considered in this paper. We further analyze the parametric identifiability conditions of the problem, develop the estimation algorithm, and derive the Cramer–Rao-Bound for the two situations: 1) where the source signal is known to the sensors and 2) where the sensors are not aware of the source signal but its distribution. Particularly, we devise a specific sensor placement/selection setup for the symmetric antenna patterned sources which leads to identifiability of the problem. Finally, numerical results verifies the efficiency and accuracy of the provided estimation algorithms in this paper.