gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Making Second Screen Sustainable in Media Production (2015)

This paper presents work in progress of the European Commission FP7 project BRIDGET "BRIDging the Gap for Enhanced broadcasT". The project is developing innovative technology and the underlying architecture for efficient production of second screen applications for broadcasters and media companies. The project advancements include novel front-end authoring tools as well as back-end enabling technologies such as visual search, media structure analysis and 3D A/V reconstruction to support new editorial workflows.
Analysis of Shape Memory Alloy Components Using Beam, Shell, and Continuum Finite Elements (2010)

This work discusses the increased capabilities of a three-dimensional analysis tool for shape memory alloy engineering components. As the number and complexity of proposed SMA applications increases, engineers and designers must seek out or develop more capable predictive methods. Three-dimensional models implemented in a continuum finite element analysis (FEA) framework can be applied to most SMA component geometries. However, such methods may require fine meshes in 3-D space, resulting in many degrees of freedom and potentially long analysis times. On the other hand, constitutive models implemented in one dimension can be simple and fast, but are restricted to a limited class of problems for which such reductions are appropriate (e.g., rods and beams). More recently, engineers have begun investigating more complex SMA bending components for which 2-D shell elements might provide a computationally efficient FEA discretization. Here we consider a single modeling tool (a material subroutine) that combines 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D implementations for use in a general FEA framework. As an example analysis case, we consider an SMA bending element that has been adhesively bonded to a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminate and is subjected to thermally-induced actuation. The active SMA and passive composite components are bonded in a pre-stressed configuration such that the elastic laminate provides a variable restoring force to the SMA during transformation, resulting in repeatable actuation cycles. This two-part bonded configuration is analyzed using different types of finite elements (1-D beam, 2-D shell, and full 3-D continuum elements). The constitutive behavior of the shape memory alloy is defined using an established three-dimensional model based on continuum thermodynamics and motivated by the methods of classical plasticity. A user material subroutine (UMAT) in an Abaqus Unified FEA framework is used to implement the model. The methodology for capturing 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D thermomechanical response in a single such UMAT is described. The run times of the various analyses are compared, and the relative accuracies of the results are discussed.
Solvatofluorochromic, non-centrosymmetric π-expanded diketopyrrolopyrrole (2016)

A novel non-centrosymmetric π-expanded diketopyrrolopyrrole was designed and synthesized. Strategic placement of tert-butyl groups at the periphery of a diketopyrrolopyrrole allowed us to selectively fuse one moiety via tandem Friedel-Crafts-dehydration reactions, resulting in a non-centrosymmetric dye. The structure of the dye was confirmed by X-ray crystallography, revealing that it contains a nearly flat arrangement of four fused rings. Extensive photophysical studies of this new functional dye revealed that the intensity of its emission strongly depends on solvent polarity, which is typical for dipolar chromophores. In non-polar solvents, the fluorescence quantum yield is high whereas in polar solvents such as MeOH, it is 12%. However, upon two-photon excitation the compound behaves like a centrosymmetric dye, showing a two-photon absorption maximum at significantly shorter wavelengths than twice the wavelength of the one-photon absorption maximum.
Destruction of Deinococcus geothermalis biofilm by photocatalytic ALD and sol-gel TiO2 surfaces (2005)

The aim of the present work was to explore possibilities of photocatalytic TiO2 coating for reducing biofilms on non-living surfaces. The model organism, Deinococcus geothermalis, known to initiate growth of durable, colored biofilms on machine surfaces in the paper industry, was allowed to form biofilms on stainless steel, glass and TiO2 film coated glass or titanium. Field emission electron microscopy revealed that the cells in the biofilm formed at 45°C under vigorous shaking were connected to the surface by means of numerous adhesion threads of 0.1--0.3 μm in length. Adjacent cells were connected to one another by threads of 0.5--1 μm in length. An ultrastructural analysis gave no indication for the involvement of amorphous extracellular materials (e.g., slime) in the biofilm. When biofilms on photocatalytic TiO2 surfaces, submerged in water, were exposed to 20 W h m−2 of 360 nm light, both kinds of adhesion threads were completely destroyed and the D. geothermalis cells were extensively removed (from >107 down to below 106 cells cm−2). TiO2 films prepared by the sol-gel technique were slightly more effective than those prepared by the ALD technique. Doping of the TiO2 with sulfur did not enhance its biofilm-destroying capacity. The results show that photocatalytic TiO2 surfaces have potential as a self-cleaning technology for warm water using industries.
The Highly Adaptive Lasso Estimator (2016)

Estimation of a regression functions is a common goal of statistical learning. We propose a novel nonparametric regression estimator that, in contrast to many existing methods, does not rely on local smoothness assumptions nor is it constructed using local smoothing techniques. Instead, our estimator respects global smoothness constraints by virtue of falling in a class of right-hand continuous functions with left-hand limits that have variation norm bounded by a constant. Using empirical process theory, we establish a fast minimal rate of convergence of our proposed estimator and illustrate how such an estimator can be constructed using standard software. In simulations, we show that the finite-sample performance of our estimator is competitive with other popular machine learning techniques across a variety of data generating mechanisms. We also illustrate competitive performance in real data examples using several publicly available data sets.
Influence of cholesterol/caveolin-1/caveolae homeostasis on membrane properties and substrate adhesion characteristics of adult human mesenchymal stem cells (2018)

Our results demonstrate that perturbations in cholesterol/CAV-1 levels significantly affect the membrane properties of MSCs. These findings suggest that modification of membrane cholesterol and/or CAV-1 and caveolae may be used to manipulate the biological activities of MSCs.
Robust audio identification for MP3 popular music (2010)

Audio identification via fingerprint has been an active research field with wide applications for years. Many technical papers were published and commercial software systems were also employed. However, most of these previously reported methods work on the raw audio format in spite of the fact that nowadays compressed format audio, especially MP3 music, has grown into the dominant way to store on personal computers and transmit on the Internet. It would be interesting if a compressed unknown audio fragment is able to be directly recognized from the database without the fussy and time-consuming decompression-identification-recompression procedure. So far, very few algorithms run directly in the compressed domain for music information retrieval, and most of them take advantage of MDCT coefficients or derived energy type of features. As a first attempt, we propose in this paper utilizing compressed-domain spectral entropy as the audio feature to implement a novel audio fingerprinting algorithm. The compressed songs stored in a music database and the possibly distorted compressed query excerpts are first partially decompressed to obtain the MDCT coefficients as the intermediate result. Then by grouping granules into longer blocks, remapping the MDCT coefficients into 192 new frequency lines to unify the frequency distribution of long and short windows, and defining 9 new subbands which cover the main frequency bandwidth of popular songs in accordance with the scale-factor bands of short windows, we calculate the spectral entropy of all consecutive blocks and come to the final fingerprint sequence by means of magnitude relationship modeling. Experiments show that such fingerprints exhibit strong robustness against various audio signal distortions like recompression, noise interference, echo addition, equalization, band-pass filtering, pitch shifting, and slight time-scale modification etc. For 5s-long query examples which might be severely degraded, an average top-five retrieval precision rate of more than 90% can be obtained in our test data set composed of 1822 popular songs.
A Passive Design Scheme to Increase the Rectified Power of Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters (2018)

Piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting is becoming a promising solution to power wireless sensors and portable electronics. While miniaturizing energy harvesting systems, rectified power efficiencies from miniaturized piezoelectric transducers (PTs) are usually decreased due to insufficient voltage levels generated by the PTs. In this paper, a monolithic PT is split into several regions connected in series. The raw electrical output power is kept constant for different connection configurations, as theoretically predicted. However, the rectified power following a full-bridge rectifier (FBR), or a synchronized switch harvesting on an inductor (SSHI) rectifier, is significantly increased due to the higher voltage/current ratio of series connections. This is an entirely passive design scheme without introducing any additional quiescent power consumption, and it is compatible with most of the state-of-the-art interface circuits. Detailed theoretical derivations are provided to support the theory, and the results are experimentally evaluated using a custom microelectromechanical system PT and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor rectification circuit. The results show that, while a PT is split into eight regions connected in series, the performance while using an FBR and an SSHI circuit is increased by 2.3× and 5.8×, respectively, providing an entirely passive approach to improving energy conversion efficiency.
Pulmonary cytochromeP-450 2J4 is reduced in a rat model of acutePseudomonaspneumonia (2003)

We previously reported that the levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE) are depressed in microsomes prepared from lungs of rats with acute Pseudomonas pneumonia. We also showed a potential role for cytochrome P-450 (CYP) metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) in contractile responses of both normal pulmonary arteries and pulmonary arteries from rats with pneumonia. The CYP2J subfamily enzymes (endogenous source of EETs and HETEs) are constitutively expressed in human and rat lungs where they are localized in vascular smooth muscle and endothelium. The purpose of this study was to determine if CYP2J proteins are modified in pneumonia. Pseudomonas organisms were injected via a tracheostomy in the lungs of rats. Later (44 h), lungs were frozen, and microsomes were prepared from pneumonia and control rat lung homogenates. Lung microsomal proteins were then immunoblotted with anti-CYP2B1/2B2, anti-CYP4A, anti-CYP2J9pep2 (which reacts with rat CYP2J3), anti-CYP2J6pep1 (which reacts with rat CYP2J4), anti-CYP2J2pep4, or anti-CYP2J2pep3 (both of which react with all known CYP2J isozymes). Western blotting revealed a prominent 55-kDa band with anti-CYP2J2pep3, anti-CYP2J2pep4, and anti-CYP2J6pep1 (but not anti-CYP2J9pep2) that was reduced in pneumonia compared with control lung microsomes. The CYP2B bands (51-52 kDa) were less prominent and not different between pneumonia and control lungs. CYP4A proteins (20-HETE sources) were not detected in rat lung microsomes. Therefore, rat lung contains a protein with immunological characteristics similar to CYP2J4, and this CYP is reduced after pneumonia. We speculate that CYP2J (but not CYP2B) enzymes and their AA metabolic products (EETs) are involved in the modulation of pulmonary vascular tone in pneumonia in rats.
Channel Estimation for LTE Uplink in High Doppler Spread (2008)

Long term evolution (LTE) systems are expected to use single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) for the uplink. Being very similar to the OFDMA technology, SC-FDMA is sensitive to frequency offsets, which leads to inter-carrier interference (ICI). In this paper, we propose an interpolation algorithm based on adaptive order polynomial fitting for LTE uplink channel estimation to mitigate ICI in high Doppler spread. Simulation results show that the proposed method has better performance compared to the conventional schemes.
Infliximab Trough Levels at Induction to Predict Treatment Failure During Maintenance (2017)

Background: Infliximab (IFX) is indicated for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Nevertheless, loss of response (LOR) to IFX is reported in up to 10% to 30% of patients within the first year of treatment. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of the pharmacokinetics of IFX at induction on treatment failure.
A phase I (Ph1) study of dasatinib (D) with cetuximab (Cet) /radiation (IMRT) +/- cisplatin (P) in stage II, III/IV head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (2015)

e17036 Background: In preclinical HNSCC models, combined EGFR and Src inhibition with radiation has additive and possibly synergistic effects. We conducted a 3+3 standard Ph1 trial to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of D, a multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with activity against Src, combined with the EGFR monoclonal antibody Cet + IMRT +/- P in early stage II/III HNSCC (Cohort A) and more locally advanced stage III/IVa,b HNSCC (Cohort B) as definitive treatment for HNSCC. Secondary objectives were response, disease free survival and correlation with FDG-PET, exploratory biomarkers of EGFR, Src pathways and HPV status. Methods: Both cohorts A and B had a 14 day “run-in” prior to starting IMRT consisting of Cet 400mg/m2 on day 1, then 250mg/m2 day 8 & 14 , daily oral D day 8-14 . IMRT 200cGy/fx for 35 fractions began day 15-64 with concurrent D + Cet in Cohort A and D + Cet + P 75mg/m2 q 3 wk for Cohort B. Dose levels for daily D were 70 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg. Exploratory biomarkers, and PET scan were performed at baseline, day 14/15 and 8 weeks post chemoradiation. Results: A total of 21 pts enrolled, 3 withdrew consent. Primary site were Oropharynx (15), hypopharynx (3), Larynx (1). Sex: male (15), female (4). Tumor HPV ISH was positive (10) and HPV negative (8) pts. Within Cohort A: 70 mg (3), 100mg (3) was completed without DLT. In Cohort B:70 mg (7pts enrolled, 1 DLT with grade 3 infection, one pt was replaced), 100mg (3) completed with no DLT, and 150mg (2), noted DLT in 1 pt with febrile neutropenia. The study was closed due to slow accrual, MTD was not reached for Cohort A or B. Grade 3-4 toxicities: Cohort A :rash (1), mucositis (1), radiation dermatitis (1) Cohort B: febrile neutropenia (1), grade 3 skin infection(1), mucositis(2), dry mouth (1), dysphagia(1), diarrhea(1)and hypophosphatemia(1) were noted. The best overall response 8 wks post-treatment in Cohort A, CR+PR (5) and PD (1), in Cohort B , CR+PR ( 11/11). With longer follow-up, survival outcomes will be correlated with response and correlatives. Conclusions: Combination of D/Cet/IMRT and D/Cet/P/IMRT appears to be safe and well-tolerated only at dose level 70 and 100mg in HNSCC. Clinical trial information: NCT00882583.
Intrinsic surface states and Fermi-level pinning at metal–semiconductor interfaces (1978)

We find that the well-known transition in the Fermi-level pinning behavior of metal–semiconductor contacts can be quantitatively characterized in a fundamental way. Our model makes use of the clean semiconductor surface state energies, predicts the onset of the covalent–ionic transition, and explains strong Fermi-level pinning at metal contacts to covalent materials with large optical gaps and low bond polarizabilities.
Boosting carrier mobility and stability in indium–zinc–tin oxide thin-film transistors through controlled crystallization (2020)

We investigated the effect of film thickness (geometrical confinement) on the structural evolution of sputtered indium-zinc-tin oxide (IZTO) films as high mobility n-channel semiconducting layers during post-treatment at different annealing temperatures ranging from 350 to 700 °C. Different thicknesses result in IZTO films containing versatile phases, such as amorphous, low-, and high-crystalline structures even after annealing at 700 °C. A 19-nm-thick IZTO film clearly showed a phase transformation from initially amorphous to polycrystalline bixbyite structures, while the ultra-thin film (5 nm) still maintained an amorphous phase. Transistors including amorphous and low crystalline IZTO films fabricated at 350 and 700 °C show reasonable carrier mobility (µ<sub>FE</sub>) and on/off current ratio (I<sub>ON/OFF</sub>) values of 22.4-35.9 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and 1.0-4.0 × 10<sup>8</sup>, respectively. However, their device instabilities against positive/negative gate bias stresses (PBS/NBS) are unacceptable, originating from unsaturated bonding and disordered sites in the metal oxide films. In contrast, the 19-nm-thick annealed IZTO films included highly-crystalline, 2D spherulitic crystallites and fewer grain boundaries. These films show the highest µ<sub>FE</sub> value of 39.2 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in the transistor as well as an excellent I<sub>ON/OFF</sub> value of 9.7 × 10<sup>8</sup>. Simultaneously, the PBS/NBS stability of the resulting transistor is significantly improved under the same stress condition. This promising superior performance is attributed to the crystallization-induced lattice ordering, as determined by highly-crystalline structures and the associated formation of discrete donor levels (~ 0.31 eV) below the conduction band edge.
Demonstration of Strong Near-Field Radiative Heat Transfer between Integrated Nanostructures (2014)

Near-field heat transfer recently attracted growing interest but was demonstrated experimentally only in macroscopic systems. However, several projected applications would be relevant mostly in integrated nanostructures. Here we demonstrate a platform for near-field heat transfer on-chip and show that it can be the dominant thermal transport mechanism between integrated nanostructures, overcoming background substrate conduction and the far-field limit (by factors 8 and 7, respectively). Our approach could enable the development of active thermal control devices such as thermal rectifiers and transistors.
Structural, Environmental and Mechanochemical Interactions in Solid Lubricants. (2022)

Abstract not provided.
A study of software‐defined radio modem based on layered architecture (2006)

Abstract In this paper, we study the modem architecture for software‐defined radio. We proposed a hierarchical modem architecture and a tree bus structure based on the time constraint and complexity in the signal processing in software‐defined radio. We divided the functions based on the proposed architecture with the Third Generation Partnership Project Direct Sequence‐Frequency Partition Duplex (3GPP DS‐FDD) mode as the evaluation motive and evaluated the processing load and the flexibility. Next, we developed an evaluation board loaded with a CPU and a programmable logic device (PLD) and measured the scale of the proposed architecture and the overhead due to data transfers. On the evaluation board, the proposed architecture was implemented with 551 kGates and 5.1‐Mbit circuit scale, excluding the CPU core and the transmission hardware (Tx‐HW). We verified the overhead of each processor due to data transfers to be about 2.5% of the total processing load. Thus, this architecture achieved a lower frequency for the CPU operating clock and a simpler process flow, and demonstrated the ability to construct an efficient software‐defined radio. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(5): 1–14, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20259
Particle-Stabilizing Effects of Flavonoids at the Oil−Water Interface (2011)

It has been shown that some common food flavonoids can act as excellent stabilizers of oil-in-water emulsions through their adsorption as water-insoluble particles to the surface of the oil droplets, i.e., Pickering emulsions are formed. Flavonoids covering a wide range of octanol-water partition coefficients (P) were screened for emulsification behavior by low shear mixing of flavonoid+n-tetradecane in a vortex mixer. Most flavonoids with very high or very low P values were not good emulsifiers, although there were exceptions, such as tiliroside, which is very insoluble in water. When a high shear jet homogenizer was used with 20 vol% oil in the presence of 1 mM tiliroside, rutin, or naringin, much finer emulsions were produced: the average droplet sizes (d32) were 16, 6, and 5 μm, respectively. These results may be highly significant with respect to the delivery of such insoluble compounds to the gut, as well as their digestion and absorption.
How Compliance Compensates for Surface Roughness in Fibrillar Adhesion (2005)

ABSTRACT Fibrillar interfaces play an important role in the ability of many small animals to adhere to surfaces. Surface roughness is generally deleterious to adhesion because it hinders the ability of mating surfaces to make contact, but fibrillar surfaces compensate for surface roughness by virtue of their enhanced compliance. We examine the relationship between roughness and compliance by analyzing the mechanics of detaching an array of fibrils from a substrate. The theory of Johnson, Kendall, and Roberts is used to describe the interfacial adhesion of each fibril, and roughness is modeled by making the fibril length a random variable subject to a probability distribution. We solve for the mean force response of a fibrillar array as a function of the displacement of the entire array. From these results we extract the mean fibrillar pull-off force and work to separate the fibrillar array and substrate. We show how the mean fibrillar pull-off force decreases with increasing roughness-height standard deviation: the relationship is linear for small height standard deviation, and the pull-off force trails off to zero for very rough surfaces. Conversely, the work of separation is shown to be unaffected by small roughness-height standard deviation, although it decreases toward zero for rougher surfaces. The effects of roughness may be offset by increasing fibrillar compliance; for small roughness-height standard deviation, we show that the reduction in pull-off force is inversely proportional to the normalized compliance. We also show that the work of separation increases linearly with the compliance when the compliance is large compared with the roughness-height standard deviation.
Experimental demonstration of tunable phase in a thermochromic infrared-reflectarray metamaterial (2010)

For the first time, a tunable reflected phase reflectarray is demonstrated in the thermal infrared. This is done using thermochromic VO(2) square-patch elements in a reflectarray metamaterial configuration. A sixty degree change in reflected phase is measured using a Twyman-Green interferometer, and FTIR measurements show that the resonance reflection minima shifts from 9.2 to 11.2 mum as the sample is heated from 45 through 65 degrees C. These results are in agreement with finite-element method simulations using the optical properties of VO(2) which are measured by infrared ellipsometry.