gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Micromechanical Origins and Design Implications of Damage Tolerance in Ti3SiC2 (2003)

The goals of the proposed work were to elucidate the microstructural and atomic origins of the mechanical properties exhibited by Ti3 SiC2 The focus is on the micro-mechanisms of inelastic deformation and their contribution to the damage tolerance exhibited by this compound. In addition to being technologically important, a basic study of the structure-property relations in this compound will be beneficial to understanding the behavior of the entire class of layered ternary carbides and nitrides. There are over 60 of these identified to date, During this work we conducted and successfully completed an extensive investigation of the mechanical response at two different length scales macro (simple compression tests) and micro scale (nano-indentations). Additionally, we also completed extensive investigations on graphite. Our measurements revealed several unique features that are common to both of these layered materials, in comparison to other conventional ceramics. Our studies have revealed that the reversible, rate-independent, hysteretic stress-strain curves exhibited is attributable to incipient kink banding, which at higher stress levels (or temperatures) leads to irreversible deformation caused by formation of kink bands. Remarkably, the hysteretic energy dissipated in each cycle in the MAX phases can be as high as 25% of the elastic stored energy.
Gate-all-around poly-Si nanowire junctionless thin-film transistors with multiple channels (2015)

Polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) nanowire (NW) junctionless (JL) thin-film transistors composed of gate-all-around (GAA) and multiple channels were demonstrated and characterized. The high surface-to-volume ratio of the NW and a nominal gate length of 0.25 µm lead to a clear improvement in electrical performance, including a steep subthreshold swing (SS; ∼124 mV/decade), a virtual absence of drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL; 21 ± 13 mV/V), and a high ION/IOFF current ratio (∼1 × 109) under a relatively low voltage condition (VD = 0.3 V, VG = 5 V), resulting from the multiple-channel structure and small grain boundaries and defects under the gate area.
Difference Frequency Generation in Orientation-Patterned Gallium Phosphide (2016)

We generate over 10 mW of broadband pulses at 7 to 10 micrometer wavelength in orientation-patterned gallium phosphide by difference frequency mixing between the fundamental and Raman-shifted component of a femtosecond Er fiber laser.
Highly sensitive pressure sensor using a gold-coated elastic pyramid array pressing on a resistor (2013)

We propose a highly sensitive pressure sensor using an elastic micro pyramid array with a gold-coated surface pressing on a resistive silicon beam. When a pressure was applied on the pyramid array, the deformation of each pyramid induced the larger contact area between each pyramid and the resistor. Since the pyramid array was coated by a gold layer, which had much lower resistivity than that of the silicon beam, the resistance of each contact area drastically decreased. Therefore the resistance between two electrodes of the silicon beam decreased. Our demonstrated sensor showed the non-linear response to the applied pressure, which was caused by the increase in elasticity of each pyramid as its deformation became larger. This non-linear property can be used as an advantage to enlarge the sensing range of the sensor. The sensitivity of our sensor for the pressure from 0 to 1 kPa was 0.61 kPa <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The resolution derived from the largest error, was 0.16 kPa.
Critical tensile and compressive strains for cracking of Al2O3 films grown by atomic layer deposition (2011)

Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a model ALD system and Al2O3 ALD films are excellent gas diffusion barrier on polymers. However, little is known about the response of Al2O3 ALD films to strain and the potential film cracking that would restrict the utility of gas diffusion barrier films. To understand the mechanical limitations of Al2O3 ALD films, the critical strains at which the Al2O3 ALD films will crack were determined for both tensile and compressive strains. The tensile strain measurements were obtained using a fluorescent tagging technique to image the cracks. The results showed that the critical tensile strain is higher for thinner thicknesses of the Al2O3 ALD film on heat-stabilized polyethylene naphthalate (HSPEN) substrates. A low critical tensile strain of 0.52% was measured for a film thickness of 80 nm. The critical tensile strain increased to 2.4% at a film thickness of 5 nm. In accordance with fracture mechanics modeling, the critical tensile strains and the saturation crack densities scaled as (1/h)1/2 where h is the Al2O3 ALD film thickness. The fracture toughness for cracking, KIC, of the Al2O3 ALD film was also determined to be KIC = 2.30 MPa m1/2. Thinner Al2O3 ALD film thicknesses also had higher critical strains for cracking from compressive strains. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed that Al2O3 ALD films with thicknesses of 30–50 nm on Teflon fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) substrates cracked at a critical compressive strain of ∼1.0%. The critical compressive strain increased to ∼2.0% at a film thickness of ∼20 nm. A comparison of the critical tensile strains on HSPEN substrates and critical compressive strains on Teflon FEP substrates revealed some similarities. The critical strain was ∼1.0% for film thicknesses of 30–50 nm for both tensile and compressive strains. The critical compressive strain then increased more rapidly than the critical tensile strain for thinner films with thicknesses &amp;lt; 30 nm. The high critical tensile and compressive strains for thin Al2O3 ALD films should be very useful for flexible gas diffusion barriers on polymers.
Active Narrowband Noise Control Systems Using Cascading Adaptive Filters (2007)

The disturbance picked up by error sensors can significantly degrade the steady-state performance of active noise control (ANC) systems for practical applications. This paper presents a cascading adaptive algorithm for removing uncorrelated disturbance and analyzes its performance in narrowband ANC systems. Theoretical analysis shows that the proposed algorithm improves the behavior of the adaptive filter in steady state. Computer simulations using the measured transfer functions validate its performance
Object - Oriented Analysis and Design Support System Using Algebraic Specification Techniques (1995)

Although many CASE tools for object-oriented methods (OO-CASE tools) have been proposed, few, if any, can verify that the constructed analysis and design models actually match the requirements of the system being developed. In order to realize this kind of verification, we propose a software development method amalgamating OO-CASE tools and algebraic specification techniques. We are developing an experimental system named COOAD (CASE tool for Object-Oriented Analysis and Design) in order to examine the effectiveness of our proposition. COOAD supports object-oriented analysis and design, verification of the analysis and design, and generation of code. In this paper, we propose the software development method, introduce COOAD, and illustrate the facilities of COOAD with several examples. >
Modeling Controlled Cortical Impact Injury in 3D Brain‐Like Tissue Cultures (2020)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors suffer long term from mental illness, neurodegeneration, and neuroinflammation. Studies of 3D tissue models have provided new insights into the pathobiology of many brain diseases. Here, a 3D in vitro contusion model is developed consisting of mouse cortical neurons grown on a silk scaffold embedded in collagen and used outcomes from an in vivo model for benchmarking. Molecular, cellular, and network events are characterized in response to controlled cortical impact (CCI). In this model, CCI induces degradation of neural network structure and function and release of glutamate, which are associated with the expression of programmed necrosis marker phosphorylated Mixed Lineage Kinase Domain Like Pseudokinase (pMLKL). Neurodegeneration is observed first in the directly impacted area and it subsequently spreads over time in 3D space. CCI reduces phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT) and Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) in neurons in vitro and in vivo, but discordant responses are observed in phosphprylated ribosomal S6 kinase (pS6) and phosphorylated Tau (pTau) expression. In summary, the 3D brain-like culture system mimicked many aspects of in vivo responses to CCI, providing evidence that the model can be used to study the molecular, cellular, and functional sequelae of TBI, opening up new possibilities for discovery of therapeutics.
Compact Ultrashort Pulsed 2.05 µm All-PM Fiber Laser For Dielectric Laser Acceleration of Non-relativistic Electrons (2016)

A compact all-polarization maintaining 2.05 μm fiber laser system emitting femtosecond pulses at 1-MW peak power is studied and applied to dielectric laser acceleration of non-relativistic electrons obtaining acceleration gradients up to ∼ 50 MeV/m.
Apoptosis Induction of Human Bladder Cancer Cells by Sanguinarine through Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Up-Regulation of Early Growth Response Gene-1 (2013)

Although the effects of sanguinarine, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid, on the inhibition of some kinds of cancer cell growth have been established, the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. This study investigated possible mechanisms by which sanguinarine exerts its anticancer action in cultured human bladder cancer cell lines (T24, EJ, and 5637). Sanguinarine treatment resulted in concentration-response growth inhibition of the bladder cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. Sanguinarine-induced apoptosis was correlated with the up-regulation of Bax, the down-regulation of Bid and XIAP, the activation of caspases (-3, -8, and -9), and the generation of increased reactive oxygen species (ROS). The ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) completely reversed the sanguinarine-triggered apoptotic events. In addition, sanguinarine effectively increased the activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and the expression of the early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1), which was recovered by pretreatment with NAC. Furthermore, knockdown of Egr-1 expression by small interfering RNA attenuated sanguinarine-induced apoptosis, but not the JNK inhibitor, indicating that the interception of ROS generation blocked the sanguinarine-induced apoptotic effects via deregulation of the expression of Egr-1 proteins. Taken together, the data provide evidence that sanguinarine is a potent anticancer agent, which inhibits the growth of bladder cancer cells and induces their apoptosis through the generation of free radicals.
Plasma Pro-Enkephalin und Proneurotensin für die Risikoprädiktion von inzidentem Brustkrebs: Validierung in einer zweiten großen Populationsstudie (2014)

Experimentelle Daten haben gezeigt, dass Neurotensin das Brustkrebswachstum stimuliert. Plasma Neurotensin kann verlässlich über Proneurotensin 1 – 117 (pro-NT), einem stabilen Surrogatmarker für Neurotensin, gemessen werden.
Renal Cyst Formation in Fh1-Deficient Mice Is Independent of the Hif/Phd Pathway: Roles for Fumarate in KEAP1 Succination and Nrf2 Signaling (2011)

The Krebs cycle enzyme fumarate hydratase (FH) is a human tumor suppressor whose inactivation is associated with the development of leiomyomata, renal cysts, and tumors. It has been proposed that activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) by fumarate-mediated inhibition of HIF prolyl hydroxylases drives oncogenesis. Using a mouse model, we provide genetic evidence that Fh1-associated cyst formation is Hif independent, as is striking upregulation of antioxidant signaling pathways revealed by gene expression profiling. Mechanistic analysis revealed that fumarate modifies cysteine residues within the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1), abrogating its ability to repress the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant response pathway, suggesting a role for Nrf2 dysregulation in FH-associated cysts and tumors.
320&#x00D7;240 oversampled digital single photon counting image sensor (2014)

A 320×240 single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based single photon counting image sensor is implemented in 0.13µm imaging CMOS with state of the art 8µm pixel pitch at 26.8% fill factor. The imager is demonstrated operating as a global shutter (GS) oversampled binary image sensor reading out at 5.14kFPS. Frames are accumulated in real time on FPGA to construct a 256 photon/8bit output image at 20FPS.
PD34-01 USING ADT-FREE SURVIVAL TO EVALUATE THE UTILITY OF SALVAGE CRYOABLATION IN MEN WITH LOCALLY RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER AFTER RADIATION (2018)

suggests that there may be a potential opportunity to bias the host response towards repair and replacement of tissue defects. This may be achieved by maneuvering host stem and progenitor cells using target specific scaffolds. In this study, we aimed to regenerate muscle functionality following volumetric muscle loss through the use of a targetspecific scaffolding system. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the functionalized decellularized tissue scaffolds on the host muscle cell migration and muscle function recovery in vivo.
N\\'eron models of jacobians over base schemes of dimension greater than\n 1 (2014)

We investigate to what extent the theory of N\\'eron models of jacobians and\nof abel-jacobi maps extends to relative curves over base schemes of dimension\ngreater than 1. We give a necessary and sufficient criterion for the existence\nof a N\\'eron model. We use this to show that, in general, N\\'eron models do not\nexist even after making a modification or even alteration of the base. On the\nother hand, we show that N\\'eron models do exist outside some codimension-2\nlocus.\n
Optimal Output Feedback Control Using Two Remote Sensors Over Erasure Channels (2009)

Consider a discrete-time, linear time-invariant process, two sensors and one controller. The process state is observed in the presence of noise by the sensors, which are connected to the controller via links that feature erasure. If a link transmits successfully then a finite-dimensional vector of real numbers is conveyed from the sensor to the controller. If an erasure event occurs, then any information conveyed over the link is lost. This paper addresses the problem of designing the maps that specify the processing at the controller and at the sensors to minimize a quadratic cost function. When the information is lost over the links either in an independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) or in a (time-homogeneous) Markovian fashion, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of maps such that the process is stabilized in the bounded second moment sense. We also solve the optimal design problem in the presence of delayed noiseless acknowledgment signals at the sensors from the controller for an arbitrary packet drop pattern. We provide explicit recursive schemes to implement our solution. We also indicate how our approach can be extended to situations when more than two sensors are available and when the sensors can cooperate. The analysis also carries over to the case when each point-to-point erasure link connecting the sensors and the controller is replaced by a network of erasure links.
Phase II, Open-Label Study Evaluating the Activity of Imatinib in Treating Life-Threatening Malignancies Known to Be Associated with Imatinib-Sensitive Tyrosine Kinases (2008)

Clinical benefit was largely confined to diseases with known genomic mechanisms of activation of imatinib target kinases. Our results indicate an important role for molecular characterization of tumors to identify patients likely to benefit from imatinib treatment.
Head Impact Exposure in Youth Football: Comparing Age- and Weight-Based Levels of Play (2017)

Approximately 5,000,000 athletes play organized football in the United States, and youth athletes constitute the largest proportion with ∼3,500,000 participants. Investigations of head impact exposure (HIE) in youth football have been limited in size and duration. The objective of this study was to evaluate HIE of athletes participating in three age- and weight-based levels of play within a single youth football organization over four seasons. Head impact data were collected using the Head Impact Telemetry (HIT) System. Mixed effects linear models were fitted, and Wald tests were used to assess differences in head accelerations and number of impacts among levels and session type (competitions vs. practices). The three levels studied were levels A (n = 39, age = 10.8 ± 0.7 years, weight = 97.5 ± 11.8 lb), B (n = 48, age = 11.9 ± 0.5 years, weight = 106.1 ± 13.8 lb), and C (n = 32, age = 13.0 ± 0.5 years, weight = 126.5 ± 18.6 lb). A total of 40,538 head impacts were measured. The median/95th percentile linear head acceleration for levels A, B, and C was 19.8/49.4g, 20.6/51.0g, and 22.0/57.9g, respectively. Level C had significantly greater mean linear acceleration than both levels A (p = 0.005) and B (p = 0.02). There were a significantly greater number of impacts per player in a competition than in a practice session for all levels (A, p = 0.0005, B, p = 0.0019, and C, p < 0.0001). Athletes at lower levels experienced a greater percentage of their high magnitude impacts (≥ 80g) in practice, whereas those at the highest level experienced a greater percentage of their high magnitude impacts in competition. These data improve our understanding of HIE within youth football and are an important step in making evidence-based decisions to reduce HIE.
Melanotic Schwannoma (2017)

Melanotic schwannomas are rare tumors associated with the Carney complex that typically arise from spinal nerve roots. They present a diagnostic challenge due to their histological overlap with melanoma. We present the case of a 35-year-old man whose biopsy was diagnosed as melanoma based on histological and immunohistochemical findings. The diagnosis was changed to melanotic schwannoma following examination of his excision specimen and the identification of a PRKAR1A mutation by targeted next-generation sequencing. While PRKAR1A loss is frequently associated with melanotic schwannoma, PRKAR1A mutations are infrequent in melanoma and when present are typically seen in combination with other mutations. We encourage the application of genetic testing to differentiate clinically distinct entities in cases where histological overlap exists. The speed and cost of sequencing technology have advanced to permit its use in cases where the diagnosis is not entirely clear and a change in diagnosis would dramatically alter treatment recommendations.
Low-loss optical transversal programmable filter with symmetrical arrangement of cascade variable couplers using silica-based PLC (2005)

An optical transversal programmable filter can realize arbitrary filter characteristics in one circuit and can vary the filter characteristic adaptively, so it is a promising device. This filter consists of a variable splitter for splitting a input light to N paths(taps), variable phase shifters, delay lines and a variable combiner for combining the split lights to an output light. We can obtain the desired filter characteristics by setting up the arbitrary tap coefficients and minimize the principle loss by designing a symmetrical arrangement of the variable splitter and the variable combiner with each other. However, in order to set those, it is necessary to control the circuit characteristics accurately with compensating for the fabrication errors. We fabricated the low loss optical transversal programmable filter with the monitor waveguides and a novel method which adjusts the circuit characteristics and compensates the fabrication errors, using silica-based PLC. And we demonstrated three types of filter spectra having a Gaussian-shape, a flat-top-shape and a flat-top-shape with a low loss ripple adaptively using the one optical transversal programmable filter.
The effect of endothelial nitric oxide synthase on the hemodynamics and wall mechanics in murine arteriovenous fistulas (2019)

Creation of a hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula (AVF) causes aberrant vascular mechanics at and near the AVF anastomosis. When inadequately regulated, these aberrant mechanical factors may impede AVF lumen expansion to cause AVF maturation failure, a significant clinical problem with no effective treatments. The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) system is crucial for vascular health and function, but its effect on AVF maturation has not been fully characterized. We hypothesize that NOS3 promotes AVF maturation by regulating local vascular mechanics following AVF creation. Here we report the first MRI-based fluid-structure interaction (FSI) study in a murine AVF model using three mouse strains: NOS3 overexpression (NOS3 OE) and knockout (NOS3-/-) on C57BL/6 background, with C57BL/6 as the wild-type control (NOS3+/+). When compared to NOS3+/+ and NOS3-/-, AVFs in the OE mice had larger lumen area. AVFs in the OE mice also had smoother blood flow streamlines, as well as lower blood shear stress at the wall, blood vorticity, inner wall circumferential stretch, and radial wall thinning at the anastomosis. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of NOS3 resulted in distinct hemodynamic and wall mechanical profiles associated with favorable AVF remodeling. Enhancing NOS3 expression may be a potential therapeutic approach for promoting AVF maturation.
Abstract IA8: Genetic approaches to cancer (2012)

Abstract Breast cancer is a collection of diseases with distinct clinical behaviors and underlying genetic causes. We have searched genetically for genes that have cancer relevant phenotypes including genes that alter cellular proliferation, cellular transformation, cell survival, cellular senescence, and genes that are essential for the proliferation of cancer cells. We have approached this by the generation of libraries of shRNAs for loss of function experiments and libraries of ORFs for gain of function experiments. We will discuss these technologies and how they can be applied to the functional dissection of genes important for breast cancer. Citation Format: Nicole L. Solimini, Andrea L. Bredemeyer, Mamie Z. Li, Rameen Beroukhim, Matthew Meyerson, Stephen J. Elledge, Natalya N. Pavlova, Qikai Xu, Craig H. Mermel, Anthony C. Liang, Michael R. Schlabach, Ji Luo, Anna E. Burrows, Anthony N. Anselmo. Genetic approaches to cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chemical Systems Biology: Assembling and Interrogating Computational Models of the Cancer Cell by Chemical Perturbations; 2012 Jun 27-30; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(13 Suppl):Abstract nr IA8.