gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Ka-band (26 GHz) circularly polarized 2×2 microstrip patch sub-array with compact feed (2017)

A Ka-Band (26 GHz) 2×2 sub-array with square-shaped microstrip patch antenna elements having two truncated corners for circular polarization (CP) is presented. In addition, the layout for a new compact microstrip feed network for the sub-array is also presented The compact feed network offers a footprint size reduction of near 60% over traditional sub-array at 26 GHz. Experimental data indicates that a truncation amount a = 0.741 mm for an isolated patch element results in a return loss (S11) of -35 dB at 26.3 GHz Furthermore, the measured S11 for the proof-of-concept sub-array with the above elements is better than -10.0 dB at 27.7 GHz. However, the impedance match and the operating frequency can be fine-tuned to 26 GHz by adjusting the feed network dimensions. Lastly, good agreement is observed between the measured and simulated S11 for the sub-array for both right hand and left hand CP. The goal of this effort is utilize the above sub-array as a building block for a larger NxN element array, which would serve as a feed for a reflector antenna for satellite communications.
What shall we teach our pants? (2002)

If a wearable device can register what the wearer is currently doing, it can anticipate and adjust its behavior to avoid redundant interaction with the user. However, the relevance and properties of the activities that should be recognized depend on both the application and the user. This requires an adaptive recognition of the activities where the user, instead of the designer, can teach the device what he/she is doing. As a case study we connected a pair of pants with accelerometers to a laptop to interpret the raw sensor data. Using a combination of machine learning techniques such as Kohonen maps and probabilistic models, we build a system that is able to learn activities while requiring minimal user attention.
<title>Design considerations for sensor networks with gateways</title> (2005)

In a large class of sensor network deployments, a small subset of the sensors covering the sensor field is equipped with special communications capability to communicate with operators outside the sensor field. These sensors play the role of gateways for off-field communication in the sense that all communications to- or out of the field is through these nodes, and the other non-gateway nodes are only capable of sensor-to-sensor communication. This design achieves a lower cost by concentrating expensive communication devices in a small subset of nodes. An important problem in designing such gateway-based sensor networks is determining the number of gateway nodes needed, their location in the sensor field, and the automation of the sensor-to-gateway association for off-field communication. These design considerations are addressed in this paper. In determining the number of gateways the tradeoff is between performance and cost. As the number of gateways increases, less traffic load is placed on each gateway and its surrounding nodes, resulting in longer network lifetime and larger off-field aggregate transmission capacity. However, with a larger number of gateways the network may be too costly to deploy as gateway nodes are more expensive than non-gateway sensor nodes. We develop and analyze models that allow us to determine the optimal number of gateways and their location in the sensor field. We also provide initial results with respect to determining the needed number of fusion nodes. While the presence of multiple gateways offers a higher degree of off-field communication reliability, a sensor will need to select one of the gateways at a time for off-field communication. In this paper, we also propose a dynamic sensor-to-gateway association protocol. Based on current energy levels, the distributed protocol dynamically assigns sensors to gateways in such a way that the overall transmission load is balanced among the different gateway regions over the lifetime of the sensor field.
Enantiospecific Total Synthesis of the Important Biogenetic Intermediates along the Ajmaline Pathway, (+)-Polyneuridine and (+)-Polyneuridine Aldehyde, as well as 16-Epivellosimine and Macusine A (2010)

The first stereospecific synthesis of polyneuridine aldehyde (6), 16-epivellosimine (7), (+)-polyneuridine (8), and (+)-macusine A (9) has been accomplished from commercially available d-(+)-tryptophan methyl ester. d-(+)-Tryptophan has served here both as the chiral auxiliary and the starting material for the synthesis of the common intermediate, (+)-vellosimine (13). This alkaloid was available in enantiospecific fashion in seven reaction vessels in 27% overall yield from d-(+)-trytophan methyl ester (14) via a combination of the asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction, Dieckmann cyclization, and a stereocontrolled intramolecular enolate-driven palladium-mediated cross-coupling reaction. A new process for this stereocontrolled intramolecular cross-coupling has been developed via a copper-mediated process. The initial results of this investigation indicated that an enolate-driven palladium-mediated cross-coupling reaction can be accomplished by a copper-mediated process which is less expensive and much easier to work up. An enantiospecific total synthesis of (+)-polyneuridine aldehyde (6), which has been proposed as an important biogenetic intermediate in the biosynthesis of quebrachidine (2), was then accomplished in an overall yield of 14.1% in 13 reaction vessels from d-(+)-tryptophan methyl ester (14). Aldehyde 13 was protected as the N(a)-Boc aldehyde 32 and then converted into the prochiral C(16)-quaternary diol 12 via the practical Tollens' reaction and deprotection. The DDQ-mediated oxidative cyclization and TFA/Et(3)SiH reductive cleavage served as protection/deprotection steps to provide a versatile entry into the three alkaloids polyneuridine aldehyde (6), polyneuridine (8), and macusine A (9) from the quarternary diol 12. The oxidation of the 16-hydroxymethyl group present in the axial position was achieved with the Corey-Kim reagent to provide the desired beta-axial aldehydes, polyneuridine aldehyde (6), and 16-epivellosimine (7) with 100% diastereoselectivity.
Low Cost Dynamic Optical Strain Measurements in Glass Reinforced Polymer (1994)

The combination of sensors and structural components to create “Smart Structures” or “Smart Skins” represents a new, fast developing branch of engineering. The monitoring of such systems will require accurate and fast strain measurements. Optical sensing techniques are receiving considerable attention for monitoring of such systems. In this work an optical fibre sensor has been embedded with the protective coating on, in glass reinforced polymer (GRP) coupons, to perform strain measurements. We show that the system can be used for measurements up to 2000με. The sensor was made using only commercially available, low cost components. The optical measurements show good agreement with conventional strain gauge measurements.
Medical Malpractice in Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy: A Review of Case Law (2017)

Ray-Zack, Mohamed D. MBBS; Choudhry, Asad J. MBBS; Younis, Moustafa MBBS; Saffouri, George B. MD; Haddad, Nadeem N. MD; Hernandez, Matthew MD; Wong Kee Song, Louis M. MD; Zielinski, Martin D. MD, FACS Author Information
Advantages of time reversal acoustic focusing system in biomedical applications (2005)

The development and biomedical applications of time reversal acoustics (TRA) systems for focusing and manipulating ultrasound beams are reviewed. The TRA focusing system (TRA FS) is capable to deliver ultrasound energy to the chosen region in highly inhomogeneous medium (including soft tissues and bones) with focusing efficacy hardly achievable using conventional phased array transmitters. TRA FS is able to focus and stir ultrasound beams in a 3-D volume using just a few piezoceramic transducers glued to the facets an aluminum block. Another advantage of TRA FS is its ability to produce pulses with arbitrary waveforms in a wide frequency band. A custom-designed compact multichannel TRA system operating in a wide frequency range from 0.01 to 10 MHz has been developed. Measurements of TRA field structure were conducted in a large variety of inhomogeneous tissue phantoms and ex vivo bones and soft tissues. Principles of TRA focusing optimization based on acoustical properties of the resonator material, parameters of the sonicated medium, and the coupling of the TRA resonator with the medium were developed and applied in the tested TRA systems. [Work was supported by NIH.]
Independent verification and validation of large software requirement specification databases (1992)

To enhance quality, an independent verification and validation (IV&V) review is conducted as software requirements are defined. Requirements are inspected for consistency and completeness. IV&V strives to detect defects early in the software development life cycle and to prevent problems before they occur. The IV&V review process of a massive software requirements specification, the Reserve Component Automation System (RCAS) Functional Description (FD) is explored. Analysis of the RCAS FD error history determined that there are no predictors of errors. The size of the FD mandates electronic analysis of the databases. Software which successfully performs automated consistency and completeness checks is discussed. The process of verifying the quality of analysis software is described. The use of intuitive ad hoc techniques, in addition to the automatic analysis of the databases, is required because of the varying content of the requirements databases. The ad hoc investigation process is discussed. Case studies are provided to illustrate how the process works. This thesis demonstrates that it is possible to perform an IV&V review on a massive software requirements specification. Automatic analysis enables inspecting for completeness and consistency. The work with the RCAS FD clearly indicates that the IV&V review process is not static; it must continually grow, adapt, and change as conditions warrant. The ad hoc investigation process provides this required flexibility This process also analyzes errors discovered by manual review and automatic processing. The analysis results in the development of new algorithms and the addition of new programs to the automatic inspection software.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Isolated Precatalyst Systems Using TaniaPhos/MandyPhos Ligands (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Validation of human microRNA target pathways enables evaluation of target prediction tools (2020)

MicroRNAs are regulators of gene expression. A wide-spread, yet not validated, assumption is that the targetome of miRNAs is non-randomly distributed across the transcriptome and that targets share functional pathways. We developed a computational and experimental strategy termed high-throughput miRNA interaction reporter assay (HiTmIR) to facilitate the validation of target pathways. First, targets and target pathways are predicted and prioritized by computational means to increase the specificity and positive predictive value. Second, the novel webtool miRTaH facilitates guided designs of reporter assay constructs at scale. Third, automated and standardized reporter assays are performed. We evaluated HiTmIR using miR-34a-5p, for which TNF- and TGFB-signaling, and Parkinson's Disease (PD)-related categories were identified and repeated the pipeline for miR-7-5p. HiTmIR validated 58.9% of the target genes for miR-34a-5p and 46.7% for miR-7-5p. We confirmed the targeting by measuring the endogenous protein levels of targets in a neuronal cell model. The standardized positive and negative targets are collected in the new miRATBase database, representing a resource for training, or benchmarking new target predictors. Applied to 88 target predictors with different confidence scores, TargetScan 7.2 and miRanda outperformed other tools. Our experiments demonstrate the efficiency of HiTmIR and provide evidence for an orchestrated miRNA-gene targeting.
Identification of a repeated sequence in the genome of the sea urchin which is traescribed by RNA polymerase III and contains the features of a retroposon (1988)

A repeated sequence element which is located about 200 nucleotides upstream from the protein-coding portion of the muscle actin gene (probably within a large 5' intron) in the genome of the sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus has been characterized, and shown to contain the sequence features which indicate that it has been transposed by means of an RNA intermediate. This retroposon-like sequence, SURF1-1, is a member of a family which is dispersed and repeated about 800 times in the genome, referred to as SURF1 (sea urchin retroposon family 1). In vitro transcription of this sequence by RNA polymerase III defines a 300 nucleotide transcription unit which is bounded by a short direct repeated sequence. The 3' end of this unit contains a simple 21 nucleotide A+T-rich sequence characteristic of retroponons, and a consensus B box portion of an internal RNA polymerase III promotor is located 60 to 80 nucleotides downstream from the two sites of transcription initiation. This sequence also contains a 40 nucleotide region that is related to several tRNA sequences (containing the B box), and a 79 nucleotide sequence which is homologous to a repeated sequence previously shown to be present within the 3' untranslated portions of the Spec1 and Spec2 mRNAs of this species (1). Analysis of transcripts of this sequence family in RNA from several embryonic stages indicates that its expression is highest at 11 hours postfertilization (about 128 cells) and drops as development proceeds. Furthermore, most or all, transcription of this sequence family in nuclei isolated from 11 hour embryos is by RNA polymerase III, and is from the same strand which is transcribed in vitro.
Biological activity of weekly ONC201 in adult recurrent glioblastoma patients (2019)

Weekly ONC201 is well tolerated, and meaningful intratumoral concentrations were achieved. ONC201 may be biologically active in a subset of adult patients with recurrent glioblastoma.
Spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage in hemodialysis patient treated with selective embolization: A case series and review of the literature (2017)

We are aware that HD patients have elevated risk of bleeding related complications, additionally the presence of an acute abdominal pain increases the suspicion of SPH as a possible cause. ACKD can be considered one of the possible risk factors for SPH in long-term HD patients. Interventional treatment for kidney injury is useful and safe for active bleeding in most cases.
Validation of a Finite Element 50th Percentile THOR Anthropomorphic Test Device in Multiple Sled Test Configurations (2018)

Computational models of anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) can be used in crash simulations to quantify the injury risks to occupants in both a cost-effective and time-sensitive manner. The purpose of this study was to validate the performance of a 50<sup>th</sup> percentile THOR finite element (FE) model against a physical THOR ATD in 11 unique loading scenarios. Physical tests used for validation were performed on a Horizontal Impact Accelerator (HIA) where the peak sled acceleration ranged from 8-20 G and the time to peak acceleration ranged from 40-110 ms. The directions of sled acceleration relative to the THOR model consisted of -GX (frontal impact), +GY (left-sided lateral impact), and +GZ (downward vertical impact) orientations. Simulation responses were compared to physical tests using the CORrelation and Analysis (CORA) method. Using a weighted method, the average response and standard error by direction was +GY (0.83±0.03), -GX (0.80±0.01), and +GZ (0.76±0.03). Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrated the FE model's kinetics and kinematics were sufficiently validated against its counterpart physical model in the tested loading directions.
Basic researches on thermo-hydraulic non-equilibrium phenomena related to nuclear reactor safety. (1989)

A review was made of recent developments of fundamental researches on thermo-hydraulic non-equilibrium phenomena related to light water reactor safety, in relation to problems to be solved for the improvement of safety analysis codes.As for the problems related to flow conditions, fundamental researches on basic conservation equations and constitutive equations for transient two-phase flow were reviewed.Regarding to the problems related to thermal nonequilibrium phenomena, fundamental researches on film boiling in pool and forced convection, transient boiling heat transfer and flow behavior caused by pressure transients were reviewed.
Nonexistence of Long-Range Order in Ga0.5In0.5P Epitaxial Layers Grown on (111)B and (110)GaAs Substrates (1988)

It has been found that Ga 0.5 In 0.5 P layers grown at 700°C on (111)B and (110)GaAs substrates do not show {1/2, 1/2, 1/2} superlattice (SL) formation, in contrast to that for the layers grown on (001)GaAs. The band-gap energy for these layers, which show no SL and are lattice-matched to GaAs, was estimated to be 1.918±0.002 eV at room temperature.
1D and 2D Field Effect Transistors in Gas Sensing: A Comprehensive Review (Small 15/2023) (2023)

1D and 2D Field Effect Transistors in Gas Sensing In article number 2206100, Giuseppe Barillaro and co-workers review the whole assortment of 1D (metal oxide semiconductors, silicon nanowires, carbon nanotubes) and 2D (graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides, phosphorene) materials used in field effect transistor (FET) gas sensors, critically dissecting how the material synthesis, surface functionalization, and transistor fabrication impact on electrical vs. sensing properties, then pointing out weakness and highlighting future directions.
超音速推進システムの実現に向けて: 参画した国際共同プロジェクトがフォン・カルマン賞受賞 (2000)

通商産業省工業技術院産業科学技術研究開発プロジェクト「超音速輸送機用推進システム開発プロジェクト」（略称：HYPRプロジェクト）が平成10年度に終了し、翌11年度からはCO2、Nox排出量削減と低騒音化を目指した「環境適合型次世代超音速推進システムの研究開発」（略称：ESPRプロジェクト）がスタートしています。 HYPRプロジェクトは、マッハ数5で巡航する超音速輸送機に用いられるターボラムジェット形式のコンバインドサイクルエンジンの研究開発を行ったものであり、更に環境対策に重点を置き実用化を目指したものがESPRプロジェクトです。HYPRプロジェクトでは、新エネルギー・産業技術総合開発機構（NEDO）を中心に、当研究所や工技院傘下の国立研究所、国内外のエンジンメーカーが参画し国際共同開発が行われました（写真1）。 HYPRプロジェクトにおいて、当研究所では先端要素研究を実施すると共に、ラムジェットシステムの研究を担当し、ラムジェットエンジン試験設備を用いて、プロジェクトの最大目標であるマッハ数5の気流中でのエンジン運転を成功させました（写真2）。 環境対策に重点を置いたESPRプロジェクトにおいては、騒音に関して、アクティブノイズコントロール技術やCFD解析によるファン騒音の予測、またNox削減に関しては、燃料の高度微粒化と燃焼の光学的診断法の開発を行っています。その他、CO2削減のための複合材適用、タービンの高負荷化、先進冷却構造、性能最適化制御などHYPRプロジェクトでの研究成果をベースとして、引き続き各分野の研究に取り組んでいます。 HYPRプロジェクトは、世界33カ国の航空学会の集合体であるICAS（International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences）から航空機技術分野のノーベル賞といわれるフォン･カルマン賞を受賞しました。この賞は、国際共同開発の分野で最も優秀な成果を上げたプロジェクトに対し与えられるもので、日本主導のプロジェクトでは今回が初めてです。
Characterization of HA gene of caged pet birds H3N8 influenlza A Virts (2004)

The studies characterize 10 H3N8 caged pet bird influenza viruses from Hong Kong and other caged pet bird from different regions of the world.Phylogenetic tree established and analyzed by DNASTAR and TeeView software,shows that HA gene of H3N8 caged pet birds from different region of the world are all grouped together and highly related,with 95.9?%～100?% similarity to each other.Especially,the caged pet bird viruses from Hong Kong are more closely related,with 99.2?%～100?% identity to each other.HA genes of caged pet birds viruses belong to Eurasia lineage.The HA genes of caged pet birds viruses were highly related to A/Equine/Jilin/89(H3N8),with 92.9?%～93.6?% similarity.All the viruses show no changes on receptor binding site,except A/Shama/Indonesia(CA)/00 98K→E.The additional special potential glycosylation(NKT)site on 97 to 99 of A/Parakeet/Netherland/33/01 was predicted to be the receptor_binding site.In general,the caged pet birds H3N8 viruses were molecularly closely related to each other indicating that HA genes of these viruses are highly genetically conserved and that a stable lineage occurs in passerine birds.All the HA genes of caged pet bird H3N8 in fluenza viruses came from a common precursor.
Identification of the interleukin-6/oncostation M response element in the rat tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 (TIMP-1)Promoter (1995)

The rat tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) gene is expressed in rat hepatocytes, and this expression is up-regulated by interleukin 6 (IL-6). We report here the cloning of the 5' flanking region of the rat TIMP-1 gene and identification of an IL-6/oncostatin M (OSM) response element at -64 to -36 which functions in hepatic cells. Within this element we have identified two functional binding sites for transcription factors AP-1 (activatory protein-1) and STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription). IL-6/OSM stimulation induces binding of a protein, identified as STAT3, to the IL-6/OSM response element, while binding of the AP-1 protein was constitutive. Binding sites for both AP-1 and STAT3 are necessary for full responsiveness of the TIMP-1 promoter to IL-6/OSM, as shown by deletion and mutation analysis. Furthermore, the entire IL-6/OSM response element conferred responsiveness onto a heterologous promoter, whereas this has not been observed when AP-1 and STAT elements were separately tested.
Thickness Dependence of Optical Transmittance of Transparent Wood: Chemical Modification Effects (2019)

Transparent wood (TW) is an emerging optical material combining high optical transmittance and haze for structural applications. Unlike nonscattering absorbing media, the thickness dependence of light transmittance for TW is complicated because optical losses are also related to increased photon path length from multiple scattering. In the present study, starting from photon diffusion equation, it is found that the angle-integrated total light transmittance of TW has an exponentially decaying dependence on sample thickness. The expression reveals an attenuation coefficient which depends not only on the absorption coefficient but also on the diffusion coefficient. The total transmittance and thickness were measured for a range of TW samples, from both acetylated and nonacetylated balsa wood templates, and were fitted according to the derived relationship. The fitting gives a lower attenuation coefficient for the acetylated TW compared to the nonacetylated one. The lower attenuation coefficient for the acetylated TW is attributed to its lower scattering coefficient or correspondingly lower haze. The attenuation constant resulted from our model hence can serve as a singular material parameter that facilitates cross-comparison of different sample types, at even different thicknesses, when total optical transmittance is concerned. The model was verified with two other TWs (ash and birch) and is in general applicable to other scattering media.
Daily patterns of physical activity by type 2 diabetes definition: Comparing diabetes, prediabetes, and participants with normal glucose levels in NHANES 2003–2006 (2015)

Our novel methodology provides information about PA patterns by diabetes definition. Significantly lower TAC in the diabetes group, their significant drop in afternoon PA, and the similarity of PA between participants with normal glucose levels and prediabetes provide insight into potential targets for intervention.