gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DPCA: Dimensionality Reduction for Discriminative Analytics of Multiple Large-Scale Datasets (2017)

Principal component analysis (PCA) has well-documented merits for data extraction and dimensionality reduction. PCA deals with a single dataset at a time, and it is challenged when it comes to analyzing multiple datasets. Yet in certain setups, one wishes to extract the most significant information of one dataset relative to other datasets. Specifically, the interest may be on identifying, namely extracting features that are specific to a single target dataset but not the others. This paper develops a novel approach for such so-termed discriminative data analysis, and establishes its optimality in the least-squares (LS) sense under suitable data modeling assumptions. The criterion reveals linear combinations of variables by maximizing the ratio of the variance of the target data to that of the remainders. The novel approach solves a generalized eigenvalue problem by performing SVD just once. Numerical tests using synthetic and real datasets showcase the merits of the proposed approach relative to its competing alternatives.
Unsupervised morphological granulometric texture segmentation of digital mammograms (1999)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Variability of the wind stress curl over the North Pacific: Implications for the oceanic response (1991)

The subinertial frequency‐wavenumber structure and spatial coherence of wind stress curl, and their spatial and temporal variability, are described with the emphasis on characteristics which affect the ocean's response to the wind stress curl forcing function. Wind stress curl over the North Pacific between 25° and 60°N was computed for 3 years (1985–1988) from the Fleet Numerical Oceanography Center wind product. The range from winter peak to summer trough for the mean and variance are typically a factor of 3–4 and ≈10 respectively, with superimposed interannual changes of up to a factor of 2. Power spectra vary seasonally and interannually in an essentially frequency‐independent manner that is consistent with the curl variance. However, the spectrum over the period band 5–100 days often fails a statistical test for whiteness at the 95% level. Zonal and meridional wavenumber spectra were estimated for 13 sites distributed around the central‐eastern North Pacific using the maximum likelihood method. Directional trends with frequency are comparable to those from earlier studies if 3‐year‐long data segments are analyzed, with approximate wavenumber symmetry except for the zonal term at mid‐latitudes for periods shorter than 10 days, where eastward propagation is dominant. However, spectra for shorter data sections sometimes display eastward and westward excursions which are only weakly similar over distances of ≈1000 km and essentially dissimilar over longer separations. The spatial correlation structure of wind stress curl is shown typically to have a main lobe of ≈1000 km and multiple intercorrelation lobes separated by ≥ 2000 km. The strength and location of the intercorrelation peaks vary slowly with time. These results suggest that curl behavior is more complex than was previously believed, that the use of long‐term averages of or simple parameterizations for the frequency‐wavenumber spectrum of wind stress curl in model studies may be unrealistic, and that more attention to actual curl characteristics at the time oceanic measurements are collected will be required to reconcile models with observations.
Wireless Smart Battery Management System for Electric Vehicles (2020)

This paper utilizes a Wireless Smart Battery Management System (WSBMS) to manage battery cells in Electric Vehicles (EVs). WSBMS is the cell-level Battery Management System (BMS) based on wireless communication. Compared with the conventional modularized BMS, the proposed system has the advantages of high fault tolerance and sufficient scalability. In addition, the proposed balancing algorithm based on the state-of- health (SOH) and the state-of-charge (SOC) can balance battery cells with any number, different aging states, and reasonable capacity deviation. A prototype is built, and the balancing algorithm is verified by simulation and experimental results considering four cases with different states of battery cells.
Partially bio-based aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s bearing pendant furyl groups: synthesis, characterization and thermo-reversible cross-linking with a bismaleimide (2019)

A fully bio-based bisphenol, namely, 4,4′-(furan-2-ylmethylene)bis(2-methoxyphenol) was synthesized and its utility for synthesis of aromatic poly(ether sulfone)s bearing clickable pendant furyl groups was demonstrated.
Increased Numbers of B-1 Cells and Enhanced Responses against TI-2 Antigen in Mice Lacking APS, an Adaptor Molecule Containing PH and SH2 Domains (2004)

APS (adaptor molecule containing PH and SH2 domains) is an intracellular adaptor protein that forms an adaptor family along with Lnk and SH2-B. While experiments using cultured cell lines have demonstrated that APS is phosphorylated in response to various stimuli, its in vivo functions remain unclear. We attempted to determine the physiological roles of APS by generating APS-deficient (APS(-/-)) mice. APS(-/-) mice were viable and fertile and showed no abnormalities or growth retardation. Immunologically, APS(-/-) mice showed normal development and distribution of lymphocytes and myeloid cells, except for increased numbers of B-1 cells in the peritoneal cavity. APS(-/-) mice exhibited an enhanced humoral immune response against trinitrophenol-Ficoll, a thymus-independent type 2 antigen, while APS(-/-) B-2 cells exhibited normal proliferative responses and tyrosine phosphorylation of intracellular proteins upon B-cell receptor (BCR) cross-linking. APS colocalized with filamentous actin (F-actin) accumulated during the capping of BCRs in APS-transgenic B cells. After BCR stimulation, F-actin contents were lower in APS(-/-) B-1 cells than in wild-type B-1 cells. Our results indicate that APS might have a novel regulatory role in actin reorganization and control of B-1 cell compartment size.
Multimedia Capture, Collaboration and Knowledge Management (2008)

This chapter presents methods and technologies from Siemens Corporate Research that can assist in the process of creating multimedia collaborative knowledge bases: capture, querying, visualization, archiving, and reusability of multimedia knowledge bases. A selection of Siemens products in the healthcare and communication domains are introduced, above which novel multimedia collaboration and knowledge management technologies have been developed by the authors. With examples, it is explained how in concert these technologies can contribute to streamlining the processes within healthcare enterprises, telemedicine environments and home healthcare practices.
An Automatic Target Classifier using Model Based Image Processing (2006)

A primary mission of air assets is to detect and destroy enemy ground targets. In order to accomplish this mission, it is essential to detect, track, and classify contacts to determine which are valid targets. Traditional combat identification has been performed using all-weather sensors and processing algorithms designed specifically for such sensor data. Electro- optical (EO) sensors produce a very different type of data that does not lend itself to traditional combat identification algorithms. This paper will detail how we analyzed the visual and physical characteristics of a large number of potential targets. The results of this analysis were used to drive the requirements of a demonstration system. We will detail the test data we collected from the military and CAD models for likely targets, as well as overall requirements for system performance.
DEVELOPMENT OF GUARDRAIL TO BRIDGE RAIL TRANSITION. FINAL REPORT (1988)

This report describes the development and testing of a guardfence-to-rigid bridge rail transition. The transition consists of a tubular W-beam supported on 7 inch diameter round wood posts. It is designed to transition to a vertical wall or to the concrete safety shaped barrier. It can be used on new construction or as a retrofit for existing installations. Based on a full-scale vehicular crash test program, the design was judged to be in compliance with recommended impact performance criteria as presented in NCHRP Report 230. Also described is a tentative design for approach guardfence at bridge ends near an abutting roadway. The design consists of short radius, curved guardrail supported on weakened round wood posts. Tubular W-beam and nested W-beam elements were examined and both appear to offer acceptable performance for a design impact speed of approximately 40 mph.
FIB cross‐sectioning of a single rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al‐Si powder particle for HRTEM (2005)

A creative technique of in-situ focused ion beam (FIB) extraction was introduced to prepare a gas atomized rapidly solidified hypereutectic Al-Si single particle's cross-section for High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) analysis. This preparation technique may be employed to characterize very inimitable samples that are abnormally wrought or intricate to prepare through traditional techniques. TEM results revealed that a gas-atomization/rapid solidification process leads to a homogeneous dispersion of 50-100-nm Si phase in the Al matrix. Stacking faults and dislocations are observed in the microstructure and will ultimately lead to the increased strength in a resultant bulk material manufactured from this powder to be further examined.
Organic-Soluble Antimicrobial Silver Nanoparticle−Polymer Composites in Gram Scale by One-Pot Synthesis (2009)

We report a one-pot synthesis of silver nanoparticle-polymer composites (Ag-PNCs) in water by a novel finding involving the polycondensation of methoxybenzyl chlorides (MeO-BzCl) directly on Ag nanoparticle surfaces at room temperature, leading to highly soluble antimicrobial nanocomposites. The composites, which are soluble in a range of organic solvents, precipitate in the reaction vessel, making their separation simple. Solutions of the composites can be casted directly on substrates or made into freestanding films. The material was found to be stable for nearly 2 years. A range of substrates have been shown to become antibacterial by direct application of this material. The experiments were conducted with Ag-PNC-loaded filter paper strips and glass substrates. The samples were found to be antimicrobial (against Escerichia coli and Aspergillus niger). The simple one-pot approach of this kind to make organic-soluble antibacterial coatings could have wide implications.
Foxp2 and Foxp1 cooperatively regulate lung and esophagus development (2007)

The airways of the lung develop through a reiterative process of branching morphogenesis that gives rise to the intricate and extensive surface area required for postnatal respiration. The forkhead transcription factors Foxp2 and Foxp1 are expressed in multiple foregut-derived tissues including the lung and intestine. In this report, we show that loss of Foxp2 in mouse leads to defective postnatal lung alveolarization, contributing to postnatal lethality. Using in vitro and in vivo assays, we show that T1alpha, a lung alveolar epithelial type 1 cell-restricted gene crucial for lung development and function, is a direct target of Foxp2 and Foxp1. Remarkably, loss of a single Foxp1 allele in addition to complete loss of Foxp2 results in increased severity of morphological defects in mutant lungs and leads to perinatal loss of all Foxp2(-/-);Foxp1(+/-) mice. Expression of N-myc and Hop, crucial regulators of lung development, is compromised in Foxp2(-/-);Foxp1(+/-) mutants. In addition to the defects in lung development, esophageal muscle development is disrupted in Foxp2(-/-);Foxp1(+/-) embryos, a tissue where Foxp2 and Foxp1 are co-expressed. These data identify Foxp2 and Foxp1 as crucial regulators of lung and esophageal development, underscoring the necessity of these transcription factors in the development of anterior foregut-derived tissues and demonstrating functional cooperativity between members of the Foxp1/2/4 family in tissues where they are co-expressed.
Supplementary Figures 1 & 2 from A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Neoadjuvant Degarelix versus LHRH Agonist in Prostate Cancer Patients Prior to Radical Prostatectomy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 after degarelix, degarelix and bicalutamide, or LHRH agonist and bicalutamide. (ONLINE ONLY) Supplementary Figure 2. Immunohistochemical expression of alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) after degarelix, degarelix and bicalutamide, or LHRH agonist and bicalutamide. (ONLINE ONLY)&lt;/p&gt;
Combination of cross polarization and dynamic nuclear polarization to enhance 6Li signals (2013)

The combination of cross polarization (CP) with dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can lead to very high polarization levels of low-gamma nuclei like 13 C or 6 Li on a short timescale, since the build-up of proton polarization is rapid [1]. After dissolution, long spin-lattice relaxation times T 1 (up to several minutes) make 6 Li suitable for dissolution DNP, either in-vitro or in-vivo [2], possibly in view of improving the understanding of psychiatric treatments [3]. By multiple repetitions of adiabatic CP [4] at 4.2 K using a home-built 1 H- 6 Li double resonance CP-DNP probe, it is possible to pump polarization from proton spins polarized by DNP to 6 Li spins in a sample of 2 M lithium acetate in a 1:1 (v:v) mixture of D 2 O and deuterated ethanol doped with 50 mM TEMPO. [1] Sami Jannin, Aurelien Bornet, Sonia Colombo, and Geoffrey Bodenhausen, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2011 , 517, 234. [2] Ruud B. van Heeswijk, Kai Uffmann, Arnaud Comment, Fiodor Kurdzesau, Chiara Perazzolo, Cristina Cudalbu, Sami Jannin, Jacobus A. Konter, Patrick Hautle, Ben van den Brandt, Gil Navon, Jacques J. van der Klink, and Rolf Gruetter. Magn Reson Med. 2009 61, 1489–1493. [3] Cade JF. Med J Aust. 1949 2, 349–352. [4] AJ Perez Linde, “Application of cross polarization techniques to Dynamic Nuclear  Polarization dissolution experiments”. Nottingham e-thesis (2010).
Arrest of Intergranular Corrosion in Austenitic Stainless Steel by Twin-induced Grain Boundary Engineering(Student Poster Session) (2001)

Sensitization by chromium depletion due to chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries in austenitic stainless steels can not be prevented perfectly only by existing conventional techniques, such as reduction of carbon content, stabilization-treatment, local solution-heat-treatment, etc. In this investigation, a thermomechanical treatment was tried to improve the resistance to the sensitization by grain boundary engineering (GBE). A type 304 austenitic stainless steel was cold-rolled and solution-heat-treated, and then sensitization-heat-treated. The grain boundary character distribution was examined by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). The intergranular corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid tests. The sensitivity to intergranular corrosion was reduced by the thermomechanical treatment and indicated a minimum at a small roll-reduction. The frequency of coincidence-site-lattice (CSL) boundaries indicated a maximum at the small reduction. The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test showed much smaller corrosion rate in the thermomechanical-treated specimen than in the base material. A high density of annealing twins were observed in the thermomechanical-treated specimen. The results suggest that the thermomechanical treatment can introduce low energy segments in the grain boundary network by annealing twins and can arrest the percolation of intergranular corrosion from the surface.
Joining of silicon nitride using glass solders. (1990)

It is well known that segregation of Ti and formation of TiN occurs when active brazing alloys such as Ag-Cu-Ti were used for Si3N4 ioining.
Open and Closed Edges of Graphene Layers (2009)

Edge structures of thermally treated graphite have been studied by means of atomically resolved high-resolution TEM. The method for the determination of a monolayer or more than one layer graphene sheets is established. A series of tilting experiments proves that the zigzag and armchair edges are mostly closed between adjacent graphene layers, and the number of dangling bonds is therefore minimized. Surprisingly bilayer graphene often exhibits AA stacking and is very hard to distinguish from a single graphene layer. Open edge structures with carbon dangling bonds can be found only in a local area where the closed (folding) edge is partially broken.
PS-QPSK with Duobinary-Shaping and MLSD Reception for Constructing Power- and Spectrum-Efficient Superchannel (2013)

By deploying duobinary-shaping and MLSD reception, we propose and implement a power-efficient superchannel consists of 32Gbaud PS-QPSK channels on a 25GHz grid, demonstrating 3.84-bit/s/Hz spectrum efficiency and 1.6-dB higher sensitivity than PM-QPSK superchannel.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATIONS OF LARGE-AMPLITUDE SOLITARY WAVES IN ELECTRON BEAMS* (2012)

The longitudinal dynamics of space charge dominated beams plays an important role in particle accelerators and other applications such as heavy ion fusion, spallation neutron sources and free electron lasers (FELs). All beams are space-charge dominated near the source [1]. By means of experiments on the University of Maryland Electron Ring (UMER), we studied how a perturbation to the line charge density could affect the beam propagation. By varying the initial amplitude of the perturbation, we access nonlinear space charge physics. When starting with large-amplitude perturbations, we have observed, for the first time in charged particle beams, solitary waves for which the nonlinear steepening exactly balances the wave dispersion, leading to persistent waves that preserves their shape over a long distance. This paper presents the results of the soliton experiments, including systematic studies of the dependence of the soliton propagation on beam current, perturbation strength and width.
Differential Regulation of Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Protein by G 1 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Complexes In Vivo (2001)

The retinoblastoma tumor suppressor protein (pRB) negatively regulates early-G(1) cell cycle progression, in part, by sequestering E2F transcription factors and repressing E2F-responsive genes. Although pRB is phosphorylated on up to 16 cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) sites by multiple G(1) cyclin-Cdk complexes, the active form(s) of pRB in vivo remains unknown. pRB is present as an unphosphorylated protein in G(0) quiescent cells and becomes hypophosphorylated (approximately 2 mol of PO(4) to 1 mol of pRB) in early G(1) and hyperphosphorylated (approximately 10 mol of PO(4) to 1 mol of pRB) in late G(1) phase. Here, we report that hypophosphorylated pRB, present in early G(1), represents the biologically active form of pRB in vivo that is assembled with E2Fs and E1A but that both unphosphorylated pRB in G(0) and hyperphosphorylated pRB in late G(1) fail to become assembled with E2Fs and E1A. Furthermore, using transducible dominant-negative TAT fusion proteins that differentially target cyclin D-Cdk4 or cyclin D-Cdk6 (cyclin D-Cdk4/6) and cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes, namely, TAT-p16 and TAT-dominant-negative Cdk2, respectively, we found that, in vivo, cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes hypophosphorylate pRB in early G(1) and that cyclin E-Cdk2 complexes inactivate pRB by hyperphosphorylation in late G(1). Moreover, we found that cycling human tumor cells expressing deregulated cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complexes, due to deletion of the p16(INK4a) gene, contained hypophosphorylated pRB that was bound to E2Fs in early G(1) and that E2F-responsive genes, including those for dihydrofolate reductase and cyclin E, were transcriptionally repressed. Thus, we conclude that, physiologically, pRB is differentially regulated by G(1) cyclin-Cdk complexes.
Partial Transformation of MCM-41 Material into Zeolites:  Formation of Nanosized MFI Type Crystallites (2001)

A new potentially catalytic material has been developed by partial recrystallization of the porewall of MCM-41. Recrystallization is induced by impregnation of MCM-41 with tetrapropylammonium hydroxide followed by a hydrothermal treatment. This procedure resulted in the formation of small particles of approximately 3 nm, which can be observed with TEM. The fact that the formation of these particles resembles the first stages of ZSM-5 formation and the fact that a templating material is used, which is also frequently applied in the synthesis of ZSM-5, suggest that the 3 nm particles have a ZSM-5 structure. Furthermore, 13C NMR on recrystallized MCM-41 shows a split-up of the methyl signal of TPA, which is also known to be present in as-synthesized ZSM-5. After calcination of the recrystallized material the small crystallites could no longer be observed, although IR measurements show still some ZSM-5-like acidity to be present. Other, milder calcination routes should be developed in order to preserve the ZSM-5 crystallites. Another stability problem encountered concerns the stability of the MCM-41 since the hydrothermal treatment severely damaged the framework. It was found that the use of a template molecule, hexadecylamine, to support the framework during the recrystallization was beneficial.
MECHANISM OF THE THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF FURAN (2009)

Author Institution: University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0215; Center for Renewable Chemical, Technologies \&amp; Materials, NREL, 1617 Cole Blvd., Golden, CO 80401; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0427
Apoptotic crosstalk of TNF receptors: TNF-R2-induces depletion of TRAF2 and IAP proteins and accelerates TNF-R1-dependent activation of caspase-8 (2002)

We have recently shown that stimulation of TNF-R2 selectively enhances apoptosis induction by the death receptor TNF-R1. Here, we demonstrate that stimulation of CD30 or CD40 also leads to selective enhancement of TNF-R1-induced cell death. Enhancement of apoptosis was correlated with the depletion of endogenous TRAF2 within 1 to 6 hours. Selective prestimulation of TNF-R2 for several hours inhibited TNF-R2-induced activation of the anti-apoptotic NF-kappaB pathway up to 90% and dramatically enhanced apoptosis induction by this receptor. When both TNF-receptors were stimulated simultaneously, TNF-R1-induced NF-kappaB activation remained unaffected but TNF-R1-induced apoptosis was still significantly enhanced. Compared with FasL-induced cell death TNF-R1-induced activation of caspase-8 was significantly weaker and delayed. Costimulation or prestimulation of TNF-R2 enhanced caspase-8 processing. Life cell imaging and confocal microscopy revealed that both TNF-R1 and TNF-R2 recruited the anti-apoptotic factor cIAP1 in a TRAF2-dependent manner. Thus, TNF-R2 may compete with TNF-R1 for the recruitment of newly synthesized TRAF2-bound anti-apoptotic factors, thereby promoting the formation of a caspase-8-activating TNF-R1 complex. Hence, TNF-R2 triggering can interfere with TNF-R1-induced apoptosis by inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent production of anti-apoptotic factors and by blocking the action of anti-apoptotic factors at the post-transcriptional level.
Nanophosphors Based on CdSe/ZnS and CdSe/SiO2 Colloidal Quantum Dots for Daylight-Quality White LEDs (2010)

Properly mixed combination of CdSe/ZnS and CdSe/SiO2 colloidal quantum dots of different sizes is suggested as a nanophosphor material to be combined with blue InGaN/GaN LEDs for well-balanced color content of white light emission.