gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subspace Recovery From Structured Union of Subspaces (2015)

Lower dimensional signal representation schemes frequently assume that the signal of interest lies in a single vector space. In the context of the recently developed theory of compressive sensing, it is often assumed that the signal of interest is sparse in an orthonormal basis. However, in many practical applications, this requirement may be too restrictive. A generalization of the standard sparsity assumption is that the signal lies in a union of subspaces. Recovery of such signals from a small number of samples has been studied recently in several works. Here, we consider the problem of only subspace recovery in which our goal is to identify the subspace (from the union) in which the signal lies using a small number of samples, in the presence of noise. More specifically, we derive performance bounds and conditions under which reliable subspace recovery is guaranteed using maximum likelihood (ML) estimation. We begin by treating general unions and then obtain the results for the special case in which the subspaces have structure leading to block sparsity. In our analysis, we treat both general sampling operators and random sampling matrices. With general unions, we show that under certain conditions, the number of measurements required for reliable subspace recovery in the presence of noise via ML is less than that implied using the restricted isometry property, which guarantees complete signal recovery. In the special case of block sparse signals, we quantify the gain achievable over standard sparsity in subspace recovery. Our results also strengthen existing results on sparse support recovery in the presence of noise under the standard sparsity model.
Dependence of the Performance of Single Photon Avalanche Diodes on the Multiplication Region Width (2008)

The dependence of the performance of separate-absorption-multiplication (SAM) single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) on the width of the multiplication region is theoretically investigated. The theory is applied to SAM SPADs with InP homojunction multiplication regions and InAlAs-InP heterojunction multiplication regions. In both cases the absorber layer is InGaAs. Two scenarios for the dark counts are considered: (i) low-temperature operation, when the number of dark carriers is dominated by field-assisted mechanisms of band-to-band tunneling and tunneling through defects; and (ii) room-temperature operation, when the number of dark carriers in the multiplication region is dominated by the generation/recombination mechanism. The analysis utilizes a generalized theory for breakdown probability, which takes into account the random locations where dark and photogenerated carriers are produced in each layer. Depending upon the detector temperature, as the width of the multiplication region is increased the effects from the reduction in the number of dark carriers due to field-assisted generation mechanisms are counteracted by the effects from the elevation in the number of generation/recombination dark carriers. Thus, there exists an optimal width of the multiplication region that achieves the best performance of the SPAD.
Circuit emulation services over Ethernet—Part 1: Clock synchronization using timestamps (2004)

Abstract Due to Ethernet's ubiquity, simplicity, scalability and cost effectiveness there is significant customer demand for Ethernet‐based access and transport in the metropolitan network. Many service providers have recognized this need and are currently establishing Ethernet‐based services to meet this demand. The migration to all‐Ethernet access will not be instantaneous since many customers currently have legacy TDM access interfaces on their routers and PBX equipment. Circuit Emulation Services (CES) over Ethernet provides TDM circuit emulation to support TDM traffic such as T1/E1, T3/E3, OC3/12, etc. This two‐part paper presents the application of CES over Ethernet as well as a new technology that addresses the issues associated with clock recovery and synchronization in an Ethernet network with its inherent network jitter. Part 1 describes a clock synchronization technique where a transmitter periodically sends explicit time indications or timestamps to a receiver to enable the receiver to synchronize its local clock to the transmitter's clock. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Reflectarray Feeds Augmented With Size-Reducing GRIN Lenses for Improved Power Handling and Aperture Efficiency (2023)

The feed for reflectarrays and transmitarrays is crucial for determining the overall antenna aperture efficiency, gain, and power handling. In the past, several methods, such as altering the horn shape to achieve higher modes, have been employed to modify the feed radiation pattern to improve these key parameters. However, another approach is to use gradient index (GRIN) lenses, which offer unprecedented control over the radiation pattern and can be used to shrink the overall antenna. In this paper, we demonstrate highly effective approaches for optimizing GRIN lenses to achieve different design objectives including high gain radiation with a compact feed as well as improved aperture efficiency and power handling. Additive manufacturing is employed to fabricate the lenses, and measured results agree well with simulations.
Domain structure and interactions of recombinant urokinase-type plasminogen activator. (1992)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a mosaic glycoprotein composed of an epidermal growth factor-like (EGF), a kringle and a serine protease (SP) module. It exists in single and two-chain forms designated HMW pro-uPA and HMW uPA, respectively. A low molecular weight form, LMW uPA, lacks the EGF and kringle modules and is composed of the SP module alone. Recombinant-expressed proteins representing both HMW forms exhibit four reversible unfolding transitions that are resolved by deconvolution of melting curves obtained by differential scanning calorimetry at pH 4.5; no differences in the melting properties of the single and two-chain forms were found. The proteolytic fragment Ser1-Lys135 (EGF-kringle) exhibits two transitions, while the isolated EGF and kringle modules each exhibit a single two-state transition. Thus, both of these modules retain an independently folded compact structure when isolated. The isolated SP module (LMW uPA) exhibits two closely spaced transitions at low pH indicating the melting of two domains of similar stability. Fluorescence-detected melting curves of LMW uPA reveal increasing cooperativity with increasing pH, suggesting an increase in the interaction between the two SP domains. Treatment of both HMW and LMW uPA with the tripeptide inhibitor Glu-Gly-Arg-chloromethylketone dramatically increased the stability of both domains of the SP module which now melt together in a single two-state transition, even at low pH, with no effect on the EGF and kringle modules. From these data one concludes that UK consists of four independently folded domains. Two are formed by the EGF and kringle modules which do not interact with each other or with the SP module. The SP module contains two domains that are independent at low pH but exhibit a tendency to merge into a single cooperative unit at neutral pH or after treatment with the tripeptide inhibitor.
Atomic force microscopy study of protein-incorporating Langmuir-Blodgett films (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAtomic force microscopy study of protein-incorporating Langmuir-Blodgett filmsIchiro Fujiwara, Michihiro Ohnishi, and Junetsu SetoCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 9, 2219–2222Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00045a025https://doi.org/10.1021/la00045a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bygga bostäder på vinden – ett hållbart alternativ? : En studie om att inreda vinden på bostadshuset Karlsborg 5 (2009)

Bostadsbristen i de tätbebyggda områdena blir idag allt påtagligare och studenter är oftast de som drabbas hårdast. Byggandet av nya bostäder pågår runt om i landet men med alldeles för långsam tillväxt. I städerna minskar de centralt belägna markreserverna och ny bebyggelse förläggs allt längre från stadskärnorna. Ett alternativ till att minska bostadsbristen och att eftersträva en förtätning av innerstaden kan vara att utnyttja de befintliga råvindar som ofta finns i äldre byggnader med brantare tak. När är det lönsamt att bygga om en råvind till en vindsvåning? Vilka regler och krav måste följas? Bostadshuset Karlsborg 5 på Tegnérgatan 13 i Jönköping förvaltas av HSB Gambrinus. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att ta fram hållbara förslag till en ombyggnad av den råvind som finns i bostadshuset. Arbetet avgränsas mot utformning av studentlägenheter. Olika förslag utreds där för- och nackdelar analyseras ur ekonomiska och sociala aspekter för att kunna bestämma projektets lönsamhet. För att få en fördjupad förståelse om vindar och på så vis kunna utföra ett professionellt arbete för HSB gjordes en förundersökning om vindar. Litteraturstudier och internetsökningar har utförts för att samla kunskap om de förutsättningar och begränsningar som kan finnas vid vindsombyggnader. För att kunna utreda de regler och krav som uppkommer när en vind byggs om har olika personer på Jönköpings kommuns stadsbyggnadskontor intervjuats och Boverket har kontaktats. En byggkonsult och en VVS-konsult har kontaktats för att hjälpa till med bygg- och installationstekniska lösningar i huset. Utformningsförslagen mynnade slutligen ut i tre olika förslag. I det ena förslaget används vinden som etagevåning där mindre studentrum är förlagda på vindsplanet. En invändig trappa förbinder vindsplanet med den mellanliggande lägenheten på tredje planet. I de två andra förslagen byggs fyra studentlägenheter på vindsplanet. Det ena alternativet innefattar en hiss som stationeras i de norra lägenheternas befintliga sovrum, medan det i andra alternativet byggs ett nytt hiss- och trapphus utanpå bostadshuset. Genom kalkyler och antaganden har olika ekonomiska situationer erhållits för de olika förslagen. ”Etagevåing med inomhustrapp” resulterar i en investeringskostnad på4 003 000 kr med årliga intäkter på ca 223 000 kr/år. ”Hiss i befintliga sovrum” resulterar i en investeringskostnad på4 619 000 kr med årliga intäkter på ca 307 000 kr/år. ”Utanpåiggande hiss - och trapphus” resulterar i en investeringskostnad på5 408 000 kr med årliga intäkter på ca 350 000 kr/år.
The Temperature Dependence of Optically Stimulated Luminescence From Alpha-Al2O3:C (1996)

Journal Article The Temperature Dependence of Optically Stimulated Luminescence From Alpha-Al2O3:C Get access B.G. Markey, B.G. Markey Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S.W.S. McKeever, S.W.S. McKeever Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.S. Akselrod, M.S. Akselrod Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Bøtter-Jensen, L. Bøtter-Jensen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar N. Angersnap Larsen, N. Angersnap Larsen Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L.E. Colyott L.E. Colyott Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Radiation Protection Dosimetry, Volume 65, Issue 1-4, 1 June 1996, Pages 185–189, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a031617 Published: 01 June 1996
Atomic and Molecular Layer Deposition of Hybrid Mo–Thiolate Thin Films with Enhanced Catalytic Activity (2018)

Abstract A synthetic route toward hybrid MoS 2 ‐based materials that combines the 2D bonding of MoS 2 with 3D networking of aliphatic carbon chains is devised, leading to a film with enhanced electrocatalytic activity. The hybrid inorganic–organic thin films are synthesized by combining atomic layer deposition (ALD) with molecular layer deposition (MLD) using the precursors molybdenum hexacarbonyl and 1,2‐ethanedithiol and characterized by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the resultant material properties are probed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction. The process exhibits a growth rate of 1.3 Å per cycle, with an ALD/MLD temperature window of 155–175 °C. The hybrid films are moderately stable for about a week in ambient conditions, smooth (σ RMS ≈ 5 Å for films 60 Å thick) and uniform, with densities ranging from 2.2–2.5 g cm −3 . The material is both optically transparent and catalytically active for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), with an overpotential (294 mV at −10 mA cm −2 ) superior to that of planar MoS 2 . The enhancement in catalytic activity is attributed to the incorporation of organic chains into MoS 2 , which induces a morphological change during electrochemical testing that increases surface area and yields high activity HER catalysts without the need for deliberate nanostructuring.
Laser induced microexplosions and applications in laser micromachining (2002)

The field of laser-induced damage in transparent materials has been under investigation since optical breakdown was first observed by Maker et al . in 1963 [1]. The nonlinear absorption mechanisms responsible for optical breakdown and damage in transparent materials are strongly intensity-dependent. The femtosecond laser is therefore an ideal tool to study these processes as the high intensity necessary to produce breakdown (on the order of 10 17 W/m 2 ) can be reached with very little energy (as little as 5 nJ per pulse with a 100-fs pulse). Femtosecond lasers have therefore revolutionized the field of laser micromachining as the low energy per pulse yields minimal collateral damage and hence high resolution in micromachining applications. Furthermore, focusing the pulse with high numerical aperture microscope objectives allows machining of the bulk without affecting the surface, because the intensity is only above the breakdown threshold in the focal volume.
Validation and Use of a Musculoskeletal Gait Model to Study the Role of Functional Electrical Stimulation (2018)

Objective: Musculoskeletal modeling has been used to predict the effect of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on the mechanics of the musculoskeletal system. However, validation of the resulting muscle activations due to FES is challenging as conventional electromyography (EMG) recording of signals from the stimulated muscle is affected by stimulation artefacts. A validation approach using a combination of musculoskeletal modeling and EMG was proposed, whereby the effect on nonstimulated muscles is assessed using both techniques. The aim is to quantify the effect of FES on biceps femoris long head (BFLH) and validate this directly against EMG of gluteus maximus (GMAX). The hypotheses are that GMAX activation correlates with BFLH activation; and the muscle activation during FES gait can be predicted using musculoskeletal modeling. Methods: Kinematics, kinetics, and EMG of healthy subjects were measured under four walking conditions (normal walking followed by FES walking with three levels of BFLH stimulation). Measured kinematics and kinetics served as inputs to the musculoskeletal model. Results: Strong positive correlations were found between GMAX activation and BFLH activation in early stance peak (R = 0.78, p = 0.002) and impulse (R = 0.63, p = 0.021). The modeled peak and impulse of GMAX activation increased with EMG peak (p <; 0.001) and impulse (p = 0.021). Conclusion: Musculoskeletal modeling can be used reliably to quantify the effect of FES in a healthy gait. Significance: The validation approach using EMG and musculoskeletal modeling developed and tested can potentially be applied to the use of FES for other muscles and activities.
Improving BTB performance in the presence of DLLs (2000)

Dynamically Linked Libraries (DLLs) promote software modularity, portability, and flexibility and their use has become widespread. In this paper, we characterize the behavior of five applications that make heavy use of DLLs, with a particular focus on the effects of DLLs on Branch Target Buffer (BTB) performance. DLLs aggravate hot set contention in the BTB. Standard software remedies are ineffective because the DLLs are shared, compiled separately, and dynamically linked to applications. We propose a hardware technique, the DLL BTB, that adds a small second buffer to the BTB and dedicates it to storing DLL target addresses. We show that the DLL BTB performance is similar to a BTB with a victim buffer, but the DLL BTB requires no parallel lookups or datapaths between the original BTB and the added buffer.
Gravitational lens effect revisited through membrane waves (2021)

By means of experiments and curved manifold simulations, we show that wave propagation past a topological deviation on a two-dimensional flat fabric membrane is analogous to gravitational lensing. Using an ultrafast camera, we track a membrane plane wave as it crosses a local warped depression. Finite difference simulation, based on the scalar wave equation in a Schwarzschild metric, fully describes the experimental wavefront shape. Comparison between the theoretical and experimental deviation of wave geodesics from straight lines shows that (i) the nonlinear behavior of fabrics due to stretching induces second order effects only and (ii) the experimental depression is closely approximated by the Schwarzschild metric of a gravity well. The experiment demonstrates, in a simple way, how wave propagation is influenced by the topology of the transmission medium.
Familial medullary thyroid carcinoma without associated endocrinopathies: A distinct clinical entity (1986)

In an evaluation of 213 patients from 15 kindreds with familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), we detected 41 subjects from two kindreds (L and O) who had MTC but no extra-thyroidal manifestations (hyperparathyroidism, phaeochromocytomas or mucosal neuromas) of multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type IIa or IIb. In screening 178 members of the L and O kindreds, we found no evidence that any of them had died from MTC. To assess whether the malignancy was relatively indolent in these families, 20 selected subjects from the two kindreds were compared with 33 MEN IIa subjects. Both groups had clinically occult disease which was diagnosed biochemically by documenting elevated plasma calcitonin (CT) levels following stimulation with intravenous calcium and pentagastrin. There were no differences in the peak stimulated plasma CT levels at the time of diagnosis (1055 +/- 236 pg/ml versus 1096 +/- 191 pg/ml) or the incidence of regional lymph node metastases (0/20 versus 1/33) in the two groups. The mean age at diagnosis, however, was significantly higher in patients of the L and O kindreds than in patients with MEN IIa (43.1 +/- 3.4 years versus 21.1 +/- 2.2 years; P less than 0.001) indicating that in the two kindreds the MTC either developed at a later age or grew more slowly. This study demonstrates that MTC may occur in a familial pattern distinct from its presentation as MEN IIa or MEN IIb. In this setting it appears to be the least aggressive form of MTC yet described.
P‐5: A Voltage Driving AMOLED Display with Luminance Control (2005)

Abstract Voltage driving method is better for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes (AMOLED) Display in power consumption and variations of thin film transistors (TFTs), although current driving method is better in consideration of the degradation of OLED as OLED luminance is generally proportional to current. Low power consumption is very important in particular to mobile devices such as a cellular phone. However, simple voltage driving method causes luminance variation depending on the ambient temperature and the degradation of OLED. We succeeded in resolving this problem by means of anode potential set by applying the constant current to monitor OLED laid on panel.
Electrochemically Induced Transformations of Vanadium Dioxide Nanocrystals (2016)

Vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) undergoes significant optical, electronic, and structural changes as it transforms between the low-temperature monoclinic and high-temperature rutile phases. Recently, alternative stimuli have been utilized to trigger insulator-to-metal transformations in VO<sub>2</sub>, including electrochemical gating. Here, we prepare and electrochemically reduce mesoporous films of VO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals, prepared from colloidally synthesized V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocrystals that have been oxidatively annealed, in a three-electrode electrochemical cell. We observe a reversible transition between infrared transparent insulating phases and a darkened metallic phase by in situ visible-near-infrared spectroelectrochemistry and correlate these observations with structural and electronic changes monitored by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. An unexpected reversible transition from conductive, reduced monoclinic VO<sub>2</sub> to an infrared-transparent insulating phase upon progressive electrochemical reduction is observed. This insulator-metal-insulator transition has not been reported in previous studies of electrochemically gated epitaxial VO<sub>2</sub> films and is attributed to improved oxygen vacancy formation kinetics and diffusion due to the mesoporous nanocrystal film structure.
Adaptive Residual Current Compensation for Robust Fault-Type Selection in mho Elements (2005)

In order to accurately measure the impedance, the residual current for impedance measurement in ground distance relay is compensated in a fixed manner. It has been shown that the above compensation manner may have negative impact on the phase selection in mho elements in a single-pole trip scheme. A new residual current compensation method based on the magnitude of current of each phase for mho elements is presented in this paper. The performance of this new method is analyzed under all kinds of fault conditions. Simulation studies are carried out to investigate the new compensation method based fault component impedance relay in a typical transmission system. The relay has shown satisfactory performances under various fault conditions especially for the close-in ground fault and cross-country fault. This new compensation method can also be used in phase selector based on impedance measurement.