gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using spacer layers to control metal and semiconductor absorption in ultrathin solar cells with plasmonic substrates (2012)

We systematically explore the performance of ultrathin amorphous silicon solar cells integrated on plasmonic substrates of several different morphologies. Angle-resolved reflectance, external quantum efficiency measurements, and finite-difference time-domain simulations highlight the importance of the spacer layer in determining the mode profiles to which light can couple. Coupling mechanisms are found to strongly differ between periodic silver nanovoid arrays and randomly textured silver substrates. Tailoring the spacer thickness leads to 50$%$ higher quantum efficiencies and short-circuit current densities by tuning the coupling between the near-field and trapped modes with enhanced optical path lengths. The balance of absorption for the plasmonic near field at the metal/semiconductor interface is analytically derived for a broad range of leading photovoltaic materials. This yields key design principles for plasmonic thin-film solar cells, predicting strong near-field enhancement only for CdTe, CuInGaSe${}_{2}$, and organic polymer devices.
Organic derivatives of a cobalt(III) macrocylic complex (1968)

E. Ochiai and D. H. Busch, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 905 DOI: 10.1039/C19680000905
Microwave Amplifier Fundamentals (2016)

In many high-speed applications, there is a need for microwave amplifier circuits. Important amplifier characteristics are center frequency and span of the pass band, gain, stability, input and output matching to the rest of the communication system, and noise figure. The input reflection coefficient when the output is connected to characteristic impedance can be expressed in terms of the input impedance. The transducer power gain can be computed using the signal flow graph and the Mason gain formula. The stability of the amplifier depends on the scattering parameters of the transistor but also on the matching networks and terminations. This chapter discusses the ABCD matrices of several common elements and configurations found in microwave structures. For planar technologies, it is often more practical to obtain circuit layouts given in terms of distributed elements rather than given in terms of lumped elements.
Stability of Signal Apparition (2018)

Summary The recently introduced method of ‘signal apparition’ offers a fundamentally different approach to separation of multiple interfering sources, by using a periodic sequence of source signatures along one source line. This leads to exact separation of signals in diamond-shaped regions of the frequency-wavenumber domain which are twice as large compared to those recovered by other methods. In this paper we investigate the method’s sensitivity to the appearance of white noise in the periodic sequence, and show that signal apparition is stable by using a probabilistic model. We also demonstrate the stability by numerical simulations on a finite-difference synthetic data set generated over a complex salt model.
A DC Solid State Transformer with DC Fault Ride-through Capability (2018)

This paper investigates a DC solid state transformer (DCSST) with DC fault ride-through (FRT) capability for medium voltage DC (MVDC) systems. The ability of short circuit fault clearance on the medium voltage (MV) side can be promoted with a suitable control scheme by introducing one or several full bridge converters to the cascaded DC converter modules on the MV side of the DCSST. The fault ride-through strategy under voltage sag is analyzed. The low power hardware setup with two modules is used to verify the protection concept.
Identification of the [FeFe]-Hydrogenase Responsible for Hydrogen Generation inThermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticumand Demonstration of Increased Ethanol Yield via Hydrogenase Knockout (2009)

ABSTRACT Three putative hydrogenase enzyme systems in Thermoanaerobacterium saccharolyticum were investigated at the genetic, mRNA, enzymatic, and phenotypic levels. A four-gene operon containing two [FeFe]-hydrogenase genes, provisionally termed hfs ( h ydrogenase- F e- S ), was found to be the main enzymatic catalyst of hydrogen production. hfsB , perhaps the most interesting gene of the operon, contains an [FeFe]-hydrogenase and a PAS sensory domain and has several conserved homologues among clostridial saccharolytic, cellulolytic, and pathogenic bacteria. A second hydrogenase gene cluster, hyd , exhibited methyl viologen-linked hydrogenase enzymatic activity, but hyd gene knockouts did not influence the hydrogen yield of cultures grown in closed-system batch fermentations. This result, combined with the observation that hydB contains NAD(P)+ and FMN binding sites, suggests that the hyd genes are specific to the transfer of electrons from NAD(P)H to hydrogen ions. A third gene cluster, a putative [NiFe]-hydrogenase with homology to the ech genes, did not exhibit hydrogenase activity under any of the conditions tested. Deletion of the hfs and hydA genes resulted in a loss of detectable methyl viologen-linked hydrogenase activity. Strains with a deletion of the hfs genes exhibited a 95% reduction in hydrogen and acetic acid production. A strain with hfs and ldh deletions exhibited an increased ethanol yield from consumed carbohydrates and represents a new strategy for engineering increased ethanol yields in T. saccharolyticum .
Half pitch 14 nm direct pattering with Nanoimprint lithography (2018)

We developed a nanoimprint lithography (NIL) technology including NIL system, template and resist process for half pitch (hp) 14 nm direct pattering. The latest NIL system NZ2C shows the mix and match overlay (MMO) of 3.4 nm ( 3σ) and the template life around 125 lots. Throughput of 80 wafers per hour (wph) was demonstrated using throughput enhancement solutions, such as gas permeable spin-on-carbon (GP-SOC) and multi field dispense (MFD). The hp 14 nm template was fabricated by a self-aligned double patterning (SADP) on a template. Using this template, we fabricated hp 14 nm dense Si lines with a depth of 50 nm on a 300 mm wafer.
Influence of the myelin sheath on excitation properties of nerve fibers (2002)

The excitation and conduction properties of computer-based cable models of mammalian motor nerve fibers incorporating three different myelin representations were compared. The three myelin representations were a perfectly insulating single cable (model A), a finite impedance single cable (model B), and a finite impedance double cable (model C). Extracellular stimulation of the three models was used to study strength-duration, current-distance (I-X), conduction velocity (CV) properties. All three models had a chronaxie time (Tch) that was within the experimental range. Models B and C had increased threshold current as compared to model A, but each model had a slope to the I-X relationship that matched experimental results. Model B had a CV that matched experimental data while the CV of models A and C were above and below the experimental range, respectively. These results indicate that the presence of a finite impedance myelin sheath does influence the excitation properties of nerve fiber models and must be considered when using models for design of neural stimulation paradigms.
Insights in junction photovoltage based sheet resistance measurements for advanced complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (2008)

Earlier work has clearly shown that only a very few tools are able to measure reliably sheet resistances on advanced complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) structures. One of these promising techniques is the junction photovoltage based technique, which uses a modulated light emitting diode to generate, in a millimeter size area of a single junction isolated structure, excess carriers which are separated by the underlying electrical field, and subsequently outdiffuse laterally. From the lateral variation in junction photovoltage, one can extract in a noncontact way the sheet resistance (Rs) of the top layer and the junction leakage (L) of the junction. First, a simplified theoretical solution of the underlying diffusion equations will be presented. Next, a recently developed simulation framework will be discussed, combining the SCILAB environment with SYNOPSIS∕MEDICI device simulations, allowing for the detailed study of both ideal (in agreement with the theoretical solution) and less ideal advanced CMOS structures. Using this simulation framework, new insights will be proposed relating to the capability of RsL to characterize the impact of the presence of oxide charges on the accuracy of the measurements, and the relevance of the RsL leakage value for the actual diode (device) reverse bias characteristics in the presence of an underlying halo∕well implant.
Channel Assignment in Dense MC-MR Wireless Networks: Scaling Laws and\n Algorithms (2012)

We investigate optimal channel assignment algorithms that maximize per node\nthroughput in dense multichannel multi-radio (MC-MR) wireless networks.\nSpecifically, we consider an MC-MR network where all nodes are within the\ntransmission range of each other. This situation is encountered in many\nreal-life settings such as students in a lecture hall, delegates attending a\nconference, or soldiers in a battlefield. In this scenario, we show that\nintelligent assignment of the available channels results in a significantly\nhigher per node throughput. We first propose a class of channel assignment\nalgorithms, parameterized by T (the number of transceivers per node), that can\nachieve $\\Theta(1/N^{1/T})$ per node throughput using $\\Theta(TN^{1-1/T})$\nchannels. In view of practical constraints on $T$, we then propose another\nalgorithm that can achieve $\\Theta(1/(\\log_2 N)^2)$ per node throughput using\nonly two transceivers per node. Finally, we identify a fundamental relationship\nbetween the achievable per node throughput, the total number of channels used,\nand the network size under any strategy. Using analysis and simulations, we\nshow that our algorithms achieve close to optimal performance at different\noperating points on this curve. Our work has several interesting implications\non the optimal network design for dense MC-MR wireless networks.\n
A genome-wide approach for uncovering evolutionary relationships of Australian Bactrocera species complexes (Diptera: Tephritidae) (2019)

Australia and Southeast Asia are hotspots of global diversity in the fruit-fly genus Bactrocera. Although a great diversity of species has been long recognised, evolutionary relationships are poorly understood, largely because previous sequencing techniques have provided insufficient historical signal for phylogenetic reconstruction. Poorly understood biogeographic history in Bactrocera has prevented a deeper understanding of migratory patterns in this economically important pest group. Using representatives from Australia and Malaysia, we tested the utility of a genome-reduction approach that generates thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphisms for phylogenetic reconstructions. This approach has high utility for species identification because of the ease of sample addition over time, and the species-level specificity able to be achieved with the markers. These data have provided a strongly supported phylogenetic tree congruent with topologies generated using more intensive sequencing approaches. In addition, our results do not support taxonomic assignments to species complex for a number of species, such as B. endiandrae in the dorsalis complex, yet find a close relationship between B. pallida and the dorsalis species. Our data have further validated non-monophyletic evolution of male response to primary attractants. We also showed at least two diversification events between Australia and Southeast Asia, indicating trans-regional dispersal in important pest species.
Prioritering av patienter för psykoterapi : formella och informella kriterier i praktisk tillämpning (2009)

Prioritering av patienter for psykoterapi : formella och informella kriterier i praktisk tillampning
Neutral protease cleaving the N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen: partial purification and characterization of the enzyme from smooth muscle cells of bovine aorta (1984)

Procollagen type III amino-terminal protease was detected in cultures of smooth muscle cells of fetal calf aorta, and this protease was purified about 400-fold. Only about half of the enzyme activity was consistently attached to concanavalin A-agarose (Con A-agarose). After affinity chromatography on type III pN-collagen-Sepharose, the Con A bound fraction showed only one major band with a molecular weight of about 72000, this value corresponding well with the elution position of enzyme activity in gel filtration. The enzyme did not cleave procollagens type I or type IV, and denatured type III pN-collagen also remained uncleaved. The Km of the enzyme activity for iodo[14C]acetamide-labeled type III pN-collagen was 0.76 microM. Neutral pH and Ca2+ wer required for maximal enzymic activity. The metal chelators ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and ethylene glycol bis(beta-amino-ethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid inhibited the activity as well as did dithiothreitol, but there was only little if any inhibition by several other proteinase inhibitors tested.
Coherent polarization locking of a diode emitter array (2009)

We present our work on the coherent combining of an array of diode emitters in a conventional diode bar configuration using the coherent polarization locking technique. An external laser cavity is designed so that the diode emissions from four diode emitters are spatially overlapped and passively phase locked via a series of birefringent walk-off crystals and a polarizing beam splitter. This concept was experimentally demonstrated up to 1030 mW of coherently combined power and was shown to increase the laser brightness of the diode bar by approximately 50 times.
Identity of the Amino Acid Residues Involved in C3bi Binding to the I-Domain Supports a Mosaic Model To Explain the Broad Ligand Repertoire of Integrin αMβ2 (2005)

Interactions between the complement degradation product C3bi and leukocyte integrin alpha(M)beta(2) are critical for host defense against foreign pathogens and in tumor cell surveillance. To gain insight into the mechanism by which the alpha(M)I-domain of the integrin interacts with C3bi, detailed mapping of the C3bi binding site was undertaken. Previous mutagenesis studies had implicated five small structural segments within the alpha(M)I-domain in recognition of this ligand. Sets of three amino acids within the five implicated segments were mutated to the corresponding alpha(L)I-domain residues. Then, within the affected mutants, single point mutations were introduced to precisely define the requisite residues. Ultimately, H148, F150, Q204, L205, R208, T211, T213, I256, P257 were identified as being critical for C3bi binding. A synthetic peptide approach confirmed the involvement of the specified residues with the complex midsegment, Q204-I215, in C3bi recognition. Furthermore, the alpha(D)I-domain, which has a low intrinsic affinity for C3bi, acquired high affinity for the ligand when the implicated residues were inserted. The residues necessary to engage C3bi reside on or adjacent to the cation binding MIDAS site of the alpha(M)I-domain. The amino acids involved in C3bi binding are distinct from those involved in interaction of previously mapped ligands with the alpha(M)I-domain. This divergence supports a mosaic model, in which different ligands engage different amino acids to bind to alpha(M)I-domain, accounting for the broad recognition capacity of integrin alpha(M)beta(2).
Co-integration of filters and waveguide to microstrip transitions using the foam technology (2003)

In this paper, we discuss about original designs of passive structures integrated within a common housing foam material. Milling and pressed moulding techniques are used to produce particular shapes (ridge, cavities,..) then allowing a complete integration and simultaneous association of passive functions (filter, waveguide, microstrip line, polariser..). The foam material is considered either as a supporting structure or as a grooved cavity with internal elements. Experimental as well as simulated results are presented, with original association of volumic and planar functions.
PDGFRα signaling in cardiac fibroblasts modulates quiescence, metabolism and self-renewal, and promotes anatomical and functional repair (2017)

SUMMARY The interstitial and perivascular spaces of the mammalian heart contain a highly interactive tissue community essential for cardiac homeostasis, repair and regeneration. Mesenchymal cells (fibroblasts) are one of the most abundant cell types, playing key roles as sentinels, tissue architects, paracrine signaling hubs and lineage precursors, and are linked to heart disease through their roles in inflammation and fibrosis. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are secreted by several cell types involved in cardiac injury and repair, and are recognized mitogens for cardiac fibroblasts and mesenchymal stem cells. However, their roles are complex and investigations of their impact on heart repair have produced contrasting outcomes, leaving therapeutic potential uncertain. Here, we use new approaches and tools, including single cell RNA sequencing, to explore cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity and how PDGF receptor α (PDGFRα) signaling impacts fibroblasts during heart repair. Short-term systemic delivery of PDGF-AB to mice from the time of myocardial infarction (MI) led to enhanced anatomical and functional recovery. Underpinning these benefits was a priming effect, in which PDGF-AB accelerated exit of fibroblasts from quiescence and induced a higher translational biosynthetic capacity in both fibroblasts and macrophages without triggering fibrosis. Our study highlights the significant biosynthetic heterogeneity and plasticity in cardiac fibroblast populations, and suggests a rationale for a novel therapeutic approach to cardiac injury involving controlled stimulation of fibroblast activation.
Photosensitising drugs - their potential in oncology (1999)

Despite decades of targeted research, cancer remains a leading cause of death. Around one third of the population of Western Europe and North America will develop cancer in their lifetime and, virtually without exception, all of us will be affected by the disease, either directly as patients or by repercussions in family and friends. In certain specific cancers, advances in surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy have led to major achievements, but in many types of cancer there has been little or no improvement in long-term survival. In yet other cases, whilst there may be good initial responses to drug therapy, drug resistance develops and additional agents are required to induce further remission in these patients. There is therefore a clear need for new anticancer agents and novel therapies. It is in this context that photosensitising drugs may play a significant part.
Signal processing of GPS radio shadows formed by moving targets (2015)

This paper focuses on scientific issues related to new application of GPS in the construction and development of radar networks using the effect of Forward Scatter (FS) of electromagnetic waves for detection of objects by using of their GPS radio shadows. The paper theme is new, it combines two thematic areas: processing of GPS signals and processing of radar signals in FS radar systems.
Acceleration of Randomized Kaczmarz Method via the Johnson-Lindenstrauss\n Lemma (2010)

The Kaczmarz method is an algorithm for finding the solution to an\noverdetermined consistent system of linear equations Ax=b by iteratively\nprojecting onto the solution spaces. The randomized version put forth by\nStrohmer and Vershynin yields provably exponential convergence in expectation,\nwhich for highly overdetermined systems even outperforms the conjugate gradient\nmethod. In this article we present a modified version of the randomized\nKaczmarz method which at each iteration selects the optimal projection from a\nrandomly chosen set, which in most cases significantly improves the convergence\nrate. We utilize a Johnson-Lindenstrauss dimension reduction technique to keep\nthe runtime on the same order as the original randomized version, adding only\nextra preprocessing time. We present a series of empirical studies which\ndemonstrate the remarkable acceleration in convergence to the solution using\nthis modified approach.\n
Laser‐induced chemical kinetics: Absolute rate constants for the reactions Ċ2F2 + Br2 → C2F5Br + Ḃr and n‐Ċ3F7 + Br2 → n‐C3F7Br + Ḃr (1982)

Abstract Absolute rate constants at room temperature for the metathesis reaction have been measured under VLPP conditions: k 1 = (2.0 ± 0.5) × 10 8 M −1 ·s −1 , k 2 = (3.0 ± 0.7) × 10 8 M −1 ·s −1 . The radicals were generated through collisionless infrared‐multiphoton decomposition of the corresponding iodides by irradiation from a high‐power CO 2 ‐TEA laser. The reaction of Ċ 2 F 5 and Ċ 3 F 7 with \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\mathop {\rm N}\limits^{\rm .} {\rm O}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document} are briefly discussed in relation to the reaction of Ċ 3 with \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\mathop {\rm N}\limits^{\rm .} {\rm O}_{\rm 2} $$\end{document} , which had been measured previously.
The Diene Effect: The Design, Development, and Mechanistic Investigation of Metal‐Catalyzed Diene‐yne, Diene‐ene, and Diene‐allene [2+2+1] Cycloaddition Reactions (2009)

Abstract Metal‐catalyzed diene‐yne, diene‐ene, and diene‐allene [2+2+1] cycloaddition reactions provide new methods for the facile construction of highly functionalized five‐membered rings. These reactions can be conducted with a variety of substrate substitution patterns and functional groups and often in the absence of solvent. The special reactivity of dienes, a key to enabling or enhancing the effectiveness of the [2+2+1] and other reactions, is significantly different from that of alkynes, alkenes, or allenes. For example, the [2+2+1] reaction of a diene‐yne is accelerated compared to that of the corresponding ene‐yne. An even more dramatic “diene effect” is found with diene‐enes and diene‐allenes. While bis‐enes and ene‐allenes are not reported to yield [2+2+1] cycloadducts, the related diene‐enes and diene‐allenes undergo efficient [2+2+1] cycloadditions, providing new routes to cyclopentanones and alkylidenecyclopentanones. Mechanistic studies suggest that the unique reactivity observed with dienes arises from their participation in the putative rate‐determining reductive elimination step by providing an additional energy‐lowering coordination site for the transition metal catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cyclizations with Palladium Acetate. A Short Synthesis of Staurosporine Aglycone. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of presulfidization on the activity, selectivity and morphology of supported ruthenium catalysts (1986)

Recent studies in the authors' laboratory have demonstrated the ability to prepare sulfided ruthenium catalysts which have high inherent activities while also possessing adjustable hydrogenation to hydrogenolysis ratios. Since adjustable selectivities are not presently provided by commercial hydrotreating catalysts, additional XPS, kinetic, following presulfidization in 100% H/sub 2/S at temperatures greater than 623K. Transition from one selectivity regime to another was readily and reversibly achieved following appropriate annealing or sulfidization treatments as evidenced by both XPS and kinetic/selectivity measurements.