gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disorder influences the quantum critical transport at a superconductor-to-insulator transition (2015)

We isolated flux disorder effects on the transport at the critical point of the quantum magnetic field tuned superconductor-to-insulator transition (BSIT). The experiments employed films patterned into geometrically disordered hexagonal arrays. Spatial variations in the flux per unit cell, which grow in a perpendicular magnetic field, constitute flux disorder. The growth of flux disorder with magnetic field limited the number of BSITs exhibited by a single film due to flux matching effects. The critical metallic resistance at successive BSITs grew with flux disorder contrary to predictions of its universality. These results open the door for controlled studies of disorder effects on the universality class of an ubiquitous quantum phase transition.
Suppression of m-plane and c-plane slip through Si and Mg doping in partially relaxed (202¯1) InGaN/GaN heterostructures (2012)

Several series of (202¯1) oriented InGaN/GaN heterostructures were grown to examine the impact of Si and Mg doping on stress relaxation by misfit dislocation formation. Si doping greatly reduced m-plane slip misfit dislocation lines as observed in cathodoluminescence, as well as reducing relaxation from c-plane slip as measured using x-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps. However, samples with the same degree of relaxation still showed reduced m-plane slip for the highly Si doped case. Mg doping showed a similar effect while experiments with Si–Mg co-doping reversed the effect.
Identifiability and excitation of polynomial systems (2013)

This paper establishes identifiability and informativity conditions for a class of deterministic linearly parametrized polynomial systems. The class considered is polynomial in the states and in the inputs. The standard definitions of identifiability and informativity for linear systems are expanded to account for the situation where the identification is achieved either through the application of informative inputs or via the response to informative initial conditions. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions for identifiability from the initial state, respectively from the input, as well as necessary and sufficient conditions on the initial state, respectively on the input, to produce an informative experiment.
Supplementary Figures from Sex Differences in Cancer Driver Genes and Biomarkers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;All supporting supplementary figures S1-S23&lt;/p&gt;
Understanding gas capacity, guest selectivity, and diffusion in porous liquids (2017)

Porous liquids are a new class of material that could have applications in areas such as gas separation and homogeneous catalysis. Here we use a combination of measurement techniques, molecular simulations, and control experiments to advance the quantitative understanding of these liquids. In particular, we show that the cage cavities remain unoccupied in the absence of a suitable guest, and that the liquids can adsorb large quantities of gas, with gas occupancy in the cages as high as 72% and 74% for Xe and SF<sub>6</sub>, respectively. Gases can be reversibly loaded and released by using non-chemical triggers such as sonication, suggesting potential for gas separation schemes. Diffusion NMR experiments show that gases are in dynamic equilibrium between a bound and unbound state in the cage cavities, in agreement with recent simulations for related porous liquids. Comparison with gas adsorption in porous organic cage solids suggests that porous liquids have similar gas binding affinities, and that the physical properties of the cage molecule are translated into the liquid state. By contrast, some physical properties are different: for example, solid homochiral porous cages show enantioselectivity for chiral aromatic alcohols, whereas the equivalent homochiral porous liquids do not. This can be attributed to a loss of supramolecular organisation in the isotropic porous liquid.
741 CARDIAC AND RENAL PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR (HGF), INDUCED BY IRBESARTAN IN MOUSE MODEL OF SALT-SENSITIVE HYPERTENSION (2012)

Background: Irbesartan and telmisartan are Angiotensin (Ang) II type 1 receptor (AT1R) blockers (ARBs) with perioxisome-proliferator activated receptorγ (PPARγ) agonistic effects, which mediate organ protective effects independent of their AT1R blockade. Irbesaratan has especially strong cardiac and renal protective effects. Telmisartan reduces renal fibrosis and inflammation by inducing hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression, independently of AT1aR blockade in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) models created in AT1aR knockout mice (AT1aR-KO). Here we test whether or not irbesartan exerts organ protective effects in mouse models of salt sensitive hypertension. Methods and Results: Aldosterone (0.15 μg/h) was subcutaneously infused into AT1aR-KO mice, using osmotic mini pumps and 1% NaCl were dissolved in drinking water for 4 weeks. Severe cardiac and renal fibrosis plus glomerular injury were confirmed. Irbesartan significantly reduces renal and cardiac fibrosis, glomerular injury, aortic oxidative stress and hypertrophy of the cardiac fiber. The phosphorylation of ERK and EGFR are also reduced by irbesartan treatment. On the other hand, when a neutralizing antibody against HGF and a PPARγ antagonist (GW9662) are added to irbesartan, these organ protective effects of irbesartan were not observed. Irbesartan also inactivates ERK and EGFR in cultured mesangial cells Conclusions: Irbesartan reduced organ injury in mouse models of salt sensitive hypertension, which is mediated by salt and aldosterone treatment. These effects were mediated via the PPARγ/HGF/EGFR pathway independently of its AT1R blocking effects.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of β‐2′‐Deoxypyrimidine Nucleosides via Intramolecular Glycosylations. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Head Impact Telemetry System’s Video-based Impact Detection and Location Accuracy (2020)

This work provides data on the HIT System's impact detection and location accuracy during high school football special teams plays using game video analysis that has not been previously published. Based on our data, we believe that the HIT System is useful for estimating population-based impact location distributions for special teams plays.
Probing the shape of a hydrophobic pocket in the active site of δ‐opioid antagonists (2001)

The change of selectivity and the induction of antagonism by the insertion of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid (Tic) in the second position of several opioid peptides have led to the interpretation of Tyr-Tic as a specific message domain for delta-opioid antagonists and to the discovery of dipeptides with substantial opioid activity. Selectivity and activity increase enormously when Tyr is substituted by 2',6'-dimethyl tyrosine (Dmt), hinting that the side chain of Dmt fits a hydrophobic cavity of the receptor very tightly and precisely. We have investigated the specificity of this fit by systematic changes of the substituents on the aromatic ring of ryr. Mono- and disubstitutions different from 2',6'- invariably lead to catastrophic decreases of activity. The only substitution compatible with retention of substantial antagonism is 2-methyl. An analysis of the conformational properties of all analogues reveals that substitutions do not affect the global shape of the molecule significantly. Accordingly, it is possible to use the shape of the different side chains to map the hydrophobic cavity of the receptor. The resulting complementary image is funnel shaped.
Eosinophilia, IL-5 level and recovery of larvae in IL-5 transgenic mice infected withToxocara canis (1996)

Eosinophil counts, interleukin 5 (IL-5) concentrations in peripheral blood and larval recovery after infection with Toxocara canis were compared between IL-5 transgenic (Tg) and nontransgenic counterparts, C3H/HeN mice. In Tg mice characterized by a constant high level of peripheral eosinophils, eosinophils in peripheral blood fell to the lowest level on day 4 of a T. canis infection and then returned to the preinfection level on day 14. Serum IL-5 level fell to the lowest level on day 4 of infection, then recovered rapidly and peaked on day 14 postinfection. In contrast, the eosinophil and IL-5 levels in the peripheral blood peaked on days 11 and 7 of infection, respectively in C3H/HeN mice. The degree of eosinophil infiltration into the lung 4 days after infection was far more pronounced in Tg than C3H/HeN mice. The highest number of larvae recovered from the lungs of infected Tg and C3H/HeN mice occurred on day 4 postinfection. Strains of Tg and C3H/ HeN mice vaccinated with excretory and secretory (ES) antigens of T. canis larvae were infected with T. canis and the recovery of larvae on day 21 analysed. There were no significant differences in the mean number of larvae recovered from nonvaccinated Tg and C3H/HeN mice or vaccinated Tg and C3H/HeN mice. However, significant differences were demonstrated in the mean total number of larvae recovered from vaccinated and nonvaccinated Tg or C3H/HeN mice. These results suggest that immunocompetent cells other than eosinophils may play a significant role in the expulsion and killing of T. canis larvae in infected mice.
Pivotal roles of the parasite PGD2 synthase and of the host D prostanoid receptor 1 in schistosome immune evasion (2003)

Prostaglandins (PG) are important modulators of immune and inflammatory responses. We recently demonstrated that the production of PGD(2) by the helminthic parasite Schistosoma mansoni inhibits the migration of epidermal Langerhans cells (LC) to the draining lymph nodes (DLN). Here, we identify the responsible parasite enzyme as being a 28-kDa glutathione-S-transferase (termed Sm28GST). Intradermal injection of Sm28GST in wild-type (WT), but not in D prostanoid receptor (DP) 1-deficient mice abrogates the departure of LC from the epidermis after TNF-alpha or FITC treatment. During infection, DP1 deficiency restores LC migration, but does not enhance the rate of T cell proliferation in the skin DLN. However, relative to WT mice, DLN cells from DP1-deficient infected mice produce dramatically less IFN-gamma and IL-10, but equal amount of IL-4. Interestingly, infected DP1-deficient mice develop a more Th2-biased humoral immune response, a significantly reduced parasitemia and a decreased egg-induced inflammatory response in the liver and intestines. Taken together, we propose that DP1 activation by the Sm28GST-derived PGD(2) could represent a strategy for the schistosome to evade host immune defenses. We also suggest that DP1 is important in the Th1/Th2 balance of the immune response and in inflammatory reactions during infection.
Fraction of cholesterol undergoing spontaneous exchange between small unilamellar phosphatidylcholine vesicles (1986)

The kinetics of the spontaneous exchange of [3H]cholesterol between small unilamellar vesicles of phosphatidylcholine has been reexamined. Although first-order exchange kinetics were observed (k = 0.0117 min-1), in good agreement with previous studies, about 20% of the total cholesterol was found to be nonexchangeable in the 8-h time frame of the experiments. The size of this nonexchangeable pool was found to depend on the type of phospholipid and the temperature. It seems probable that the two pools of cholesterol defined in these experiments reflect the complex phase structure of the cholesterol-phosphatidylcholine vesicles.
Ultrahigh-throughput magnetic sorting of large blood volumes for epitope-agnostic isolation of circulating tumor cells (2020)

Circulating tumor cell (CTC)-based liquid biopsies provide unique opportunities for cancer diagnostics, treatment selection, and response monitoring, but even with advanced microfluidic technologies for rare cell detection the very low number of CTCs in standard 10-mL peripheral blood samples limits their clinical utility. Clinical leukapheresis can concentrate mononuclear cells from almost the entire blood volume, but such large numbers and concentrations of cells are incompatible with current rare cell enrichment technologies. Here, we describe an ultrahigh-throughput microfluidic chip, <sup>LP</sup>CTC-iChip, that rapidly sorts through an entire leukapheresis product of over 6 billion nucleated cells, increasing CTC isolation capacity by two orders of magnitude (86% recovery with 10<sup>5</sup> enrichment). Using soft iron-filled channels to act as magnetic microlenses, we intensify the field gradient within sorting channels. Increasing magnetic fields applied to inertially focused streams of cells effectively deplete massive numbers of magnetically labeled leukocytes within microfluidic channels. The negative depletion of antibody-tagged leukocytes enables isolation of potentially viable CTCs without bias for expression of specific tumor epitopes, making this platform applicable to all solid tumors. Thus, the initial enrichment by routine leukapheresis of mononuclear cells from very large blood volumes, followed by rapid flow, high-gradient magnetic sorting of untagged CTCs, provides a technology for noninvasive isolation of cancer cells in sufficient numbers for multiple clinical and experimental applications.
Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Impact in Tether Net/Gripper Systems (2003)

The objective of this paper is to study the dynamic modeling and simulation of a tether-net/gripper system during an impact, while it is being deployed or retrieved by a winch on a satellite orbiting around earth. We stick to Tether-Net system but the analysis is applicable to Tether-Gripper systems too. We assume that the net is deployed from the satellite in orbit and the motion is restricted to the orbital plane. This net captures a second satellite and tows it. The motion of a tether-net system can be broken down into the following phases: (i) Phase 1: Net is shot out from the satellite with the tether completely slack, (ii) Phase 2: Net comes to a location where the tether is taut while the drum on the orbiter is locked, (iii) Phase 3: Drum is unlocked and the net moves with the tether, (iv) Phase 4: Net captures a body. The continua (tether) is modeled using mode functions and coordinates. The theory of impulse and momentum can be used to model Phases 1, 2, and 4 of motion of the tether-net system. The dynamics of the motion of the system in phase 3 is characterized by differential and algebraic equations (DAEs). Matlab ODE solvers were used to solve these DAEs.
Scalable synthesis of 2D van der Waals superlattices (2021)

Heterostructure materials form the basis of much of modern electronics, from transistors to lasers and light-emitting diodes. Recent years have seen a renewed focus on creating heterostructures through the vertical integration of two-dimensional materials, including graphene, hexagonal boron nitride, and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). However, fundamental challenges associated with materials processing have limited material quality and impeded scalability. We demonstrate a method to convert sub-nanometer metal films deposited on silicon and sapphire into TMDC heterostructures through vapor-phase processing. The resulting heterostructures and superlattices exhibit novel properties compared with stand-alone TMDCs, including reduced bandgap, enhanced light-matter coupling, and improved catalytic performance. This robust and scalable synthetic method provides new opportunities to generate a wide range of artificially stacked 2D superlattices with controlled morphology and composition.
Biological Activities of the Methyl Ester of Gibberellin A73, a Novel and Principal Antheridiogen in Lygodium japonicum (1989)

The synthetic methyl ester of GA73 (GA73-Me) and the natural antheridiogen of Lygodium japonicum showed almost the same activity to induce the formation of antheridia in dark-grown protonemata of L. japonicum at concentrations of 10-14 M and higher. Thus, it appears that the principal antheridiogen in L. japonicum is GA73-Me. GA73-Me inhibited formation of ar-chegonia in light-grown prothallia of L. japonicum at concentrations of 10-11 M and higher and induced germination of spores in the dark in this species at the same range of concentrations. GA73(free acid form) promoted growth of seedlings of dwarf rice and hypocotyls of cucumber seedlings at dosages of and above 1 and 100 ng/plant, respectively. Eight compounds related to GA73-Me, including antheridiogens of Anemia phyllitidis and Anemia mexicana, were active in inducing an-theridial formation in L. japonicum, although their activities were considerably lower than that of GA73-Me.
A planar monopole UWB antenna with switchable band-rejection feature (2009)

An Ultra-Wideband (UWB) planar monopole antenna with a switchable band-notched response is presented. In order to achieve a band-rejection, a U-shaped slot is embedded in the radiating patch. The operation of the U-shaped slot is controlled by a PIN diode. Measurement and simulation results revealed a minor effect of the lumped components loading on the radiation pattern of the antenna. The main emphasis of the work has gone into simplification and validation of the presented switchable band-notching technique, which has a potential for further antenna miniaturization using RF MEMS technology.
Immunopathogenesis of immune reconstitution disease in HIV patients responding to antiretroviral therapy (2008)

Although the precise mechanism of immune reconstitution disease is not well understood, it is probably related to rapid restoration of pathogen-specific immune responses and poor homeostatic control that promote exaggerated immunopathological responses, especially if viable pathogens or pathogen debris are present at high concentrations.
Intractable weed problems need innovative solutions using all available technologies (2018)

There is often strong public dissent to innovations, typically fanned by those who lose out economically, but the reasons they promulgate are not economic and are targeted to public emotions. Agriculture has some problems that have been intractable to present technologies and we have no choice but to utilize new technologies to overcome them. These include developing new herbicides that affect multiple targets, new selective synergists and safeners, transgenic herbicide resistant plants that will not have the transgenes expressed in related weeds, using transposons or gene drives to disseminate deleterious genes in weeds, sterile pollen, enhanced-virulence biocontrol agents with sustaining formulations. These might be workable for multiple resistant Amaranthus and Echinochloa species, parasitic weeds, Phalaris in wheat as well as weedy rice in rice. Per force, most of the innovations must originate in the public sector, by weed scientists who have a broad training in basic sciences, in collaboration with experts from other fields.
Tailoring insoluble nanobelts into soluble anti-UV nanopotpourris (2011)

Soluble, transparent and anti-UV nanopotpourris have been prepared by tailoring long nanobelts. The strains and layered structures facilitate the breaking of the as-synthesized nanobelts under an applied mechanical action. The developed tailoring process of nanobelts is a general top-down secondary processing of layered nanostructures at the nanoscale level, which can be expended to the modifications of layered nanowires, nanotubes and hierarchical nanostructures. By tailoring, the size, morphology and solubility are modified, which may open up an area of advanced processing of nanomaterials and hint at some potential applications. Because of the excellent solubility of the tailored nanopotpourris, they are easily dispersed in cosmetics or polymer films, which are quite useful for some anti-UV protection applications, such as anti-UV sunscreen creams and anti-UV window films for vehicles and buildings.
Efficient implementation of structured long block-length LDPC codes (2015)

High-speed and low-area decoders for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes with very long block lengths are challenging to implement due to the large amount of nodes and edges required. In this paper we implement a decoder for a (32643, 30592) LDPC code that has variable nodes of degree 7, check nodes degrees of 111 and 112, and 228501 edges, making fully-parallel hardware implementation unfeasible. We analyze the structure of this code and describe a method of replacing the complex interconnect with a local, area-efficient version. We develop an modular architecture resulting in a low-complexity partially-parallel decoder architecture based on the offset min-sum algorithm. The proposed decoder is shown to achieve a minimum gain of 92% in area utilization, compared to an extremely optimistic area estimation of the fully-parallel decoder that neglects the interconnection overhead. Synthesis in 65 nm CMOS is performed resulting in a clock frequency of 370 MHz and a throughput of 24 Gbps with an area of 7.99 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Computer simulation of threading dislocation density reduction in heteroepitaxial layers (1997)

Abstract In the heteroepitaxial growth of films with large misfit with the underlying substrate, the generation of misfit dislocations and threading dislocations (TDs) is ubiquitous for thicknesses well in excess of the equilibrium critical thickness. Experimental data suggests that, after an entanglement region near the film-substrate interface, there is a fall-off in TD density that is inversely proportional to the film thickness h (applicable to densities in the approximate range 107–109 cm−2), followed by saturation or weak decay of the TD density with further increase in film thickness. In this paper, we build upon a recent framework for understanding TD reduction in terms of their effective lateral motion with increasing film thickness, coupled with the probability that certain pairs of TDs annihilate, reacting to form a single TD, or undergoing a change in line direction. A computer simulation approach is presented that augments a recent theoretical prediction of both the 1/h scaling behaviour and the saturation of TD densities. Specific cases are considered involving TD distributions typical of surface nucleation, island periphery nucleation and combinations thereof. In addition, an analysis is made of the propensity for various TDs to cluster together. Results are presented which suggest that longrange fluctuations in the net Burgers vector content of the local TDs are a cause for saturation behaviour.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Genetic Predictors of Response to Systemic Therapy in Esophagogastric Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Text legends for Supplementary Figures S1-S4.&lt;/p&gt;
Assessing the performances of collision driven numerically-simulated implantation in elbow replacement surgery (2013)

Total elbow arthroplasty is a common surgical procedure used to replace diseased joints with an implant attempting to restore at least partially the lost functionality of the articulation. Given the relative paucity of studies attempting to simulate implant kinematics during insertion motions, the primary objective of the present study was to assess the feasibility and performances of conventional numerical computer-aided engineering (CAE) techniques in this biomechanical context. The results obtained revealed that while both CAE-driven and experimental navigated implantation techniques will yield comparable FE axis misalignment errors, the numerically-simulated approaches seem to be capable of providing more insight on the motion dynamics/kinematics due to their inherent level of maturity. Based on this, it was concluded that numerically-simulated techniques offer less invasive and more comprehensive means for implant motion control and visualisation, and therefore they should be further perfected for implant design as well as preoperative virtual surgery applications.