gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managing TINA streams that use Internet transport (2002)

The current TINA Network Resource Architecture provides a flexible framework for integrated management and usage of various connection-oriented transport networks. By introducing the concept of layer network binding at the layer network level, this framework can also support connectionless transport networks. Interfaces allowing the manipulation of TCP and UDP endpoints in the terminal are specified so that IP connectivity providers can control the IP network part of TINA streams and associate it with the terminal part. The combination of these interfaces with the layer network binding concept facilitates the usage of basic and advanced Internet concepts such as IP unicasting and multicasting for TINA streams. Furthermore, it allows connectivity providers to transparently use any combination of transport network technologies, including IP, inside their network to meet the network quality of service requirements for TINA streams.
Text-to-Image Fashion Retrieval with Fabric Textures (2023)

In this study, we proposed text-to-image fashion image retrieval that captures the texture of clothing fabrics. A fabric’s texture is a major factor governing the comfort and appearance of clothes and significantly influences user preferences. However, unlike patterns and shapes that can readily be captured from a global image of the entire piece of clothing, extracting the fine and ambiguous characteristics of textures is considerably more challenging. The key concept is that by focusing on the "local" regions of clothing, detailed fabric textures can be more accurately captured. To this end, we propose a framework for learning cross-modal features from both global (the entire garment) and local (a close-up detail) image-text pairs. To verify the idea, we constructed a new dataset named Global and Local FACAD (G&L FACAD) by modifying the existing large-scale public FACAD dataset used for fashion retrieval. The experimental results confirm that the retrieval accuracy is significantly improved compared to the baselines. The code is available at https://github.com/SuzukiDaichi-git/texture_aware_fashion_retrieval.git.
Ultra-wideband Coherent Optical Signal Processing using Semiconductor Laser Based Optical Frequency Combs (2014)

This tutorial covers the use of optical frequency combs for applications in optical communication and signal processing. We review the generation of combs, technologies for filtering and modulation, and explore architectures for detection, waveform generation, and matched filtering.
Impacts of Dissolved Ni2+ on the Solid Electrolyte Interphase on a Graphite Anode (2022)

Transition metal (e.g. Ni) ions dissolved from layered-structured Ni-rich cathodes can migrate to the anode side and accelerate the failure of lithium-ion batteries. The investigations of the impact and distribution of Ni species on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode are crucial to understand the failure mechanism. Herein, we used time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS) coupled with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis to intuitively characterize the distribution of Ni species in the SEI. We find that the SEI on the graphite electrode using an EC-based electrolyte exhibits a multi-stratum structure. During accelerated aging of the LiNi<sub>0.88</sub> Co<sub>0.08</sub> Mn<sub>0.04</sub> O<sub>2</sub> /graphite full cell, the dissolution of Ni aggravates significantly upon cycling. A strong correlation between the dissolved-Ni and organic species in the SEI on graphite is illustrated. The ion-exchange reaction between Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Li<sup>+</sup> ions in the SEI is demonstrated to be the main reason for the increase of SEI resistivity.
Abstract 4174: Variation in UDP glucouronyltransferase (UGT) genes associated with prostate cancer mortality (2011)

Abstract Background: We investigated the association of germline genetic variation in hormone biosynthesis and metabolism genes with prostate cancer specific mortality in a cohort of advanced prostate cancer patients. Methods: We genotyped 852 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 97 genes in a cohort of 267 advanced prostate cancer patients at the time of progression to castration recurrence (CRPC) during on-going androgen ablation. Tagging SNPs with minor allele frequency (MAF) of &amp;gt;5% and r2 ≥0.8 were selected from HapMap, NIEHS and Seattle SNP databases. Medical records were queried for cause of death. The primary endpoint of time to prostate cancer specific mortality (PCSM), was pre-defined as time from development of CRPC to death from prostate cancer progression. Principle components analysis was used for gene-levels tests, and to account for multiple testing, we calculated the false discovery rate (FDR). For SNP level results, Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using cox regression. Results: The median age of the cohort was 72 years at CRPC. 43% had a Gleason score (GS)=8-10, 33% a GS=7, and 24% a GS&amp;lt;7. After a median follow up of 1.8 years (IQ range: 0.8-3.3 years), 139 patients died, of which 107 were due to prostate cancer progression. In unadjusted gene level analyses, UGT1A7 (p=0.0059; FDR=0.19), UGT1A10 (p=0.0017; FDR=0.17) and UGT1A3 (p=0.0037; FDR=0.18) were associated with PCSM. After adjusting for age and GS, SNPs strongly associated with PCSM are listed in the Table. Conclusions: Variation in UGT genes involved in hormone metabolism yield prognostic information in CRPC. Further validation is needed to develop these as prognostic biomarkers. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4174. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4174
DNA Polymorphism of Human HLA-Linked Complement C4 Allotypes, Including C4 Null Alleles, in the Finnish Population (1987)

Human HLA-linked complement C4 gene products, C4A and C4B, show extensive genetic polymorphism. In both loci, an allele without a gene product, C4 null, is also observed. We have performed a restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA samples from individuals having all common (frequency over 1%) C4 protein allotypes observed in the Finnish population. Only one allotype-specific RFLP marker was observed. With some enzymes a DNA polymorphism was observed, which was not detectable by C4 protein typing. Analysis of 10 different C4B null haplotypes and 4 C4A null haplotypes suggested that only one haplotype, HLA-B8 C4A0 B1, carried a C4A gene deletion. This was observed in all 4 unrelated individuals homozygous for this haplotype.
A Comparison of Direct Radio Frequency Sampling and Conventional GNSS Receiver Architectures (2005)

The novel concept of a direct radio frequency (RF) sampling receiver front end was analyzed, experimentally tested, and compared with a traditional superheterodyne front end that uses mixing to downconvert the signal before sampling. This study's goal was to demonstrate that signal power and phase are not adversely influenced by the use of direct RF sampling. The direct RF sampling strategy examined in this work uses sampling rates that are much lower than the carrier frequency but more than twice the signal bandwidth. Such a system employs a bandpass filter in front of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to avoid sensitivity loss via aliasing of out-of band noise and interfering signals. This design approach was evaluated analytically to determine the effects of sample clock jitter, and experimental results using GPS signals were used to confirm the analytical results. The results indicate that direct RF sampling yields performance equivalent to that of superheterodyne mixing.
High-Precision Nanoscale Temperature Sensing Using Single Defects in Diamond (2013)

Measuring local temperature with a spatial resolution on the order of a few nanometers has a wide range of applications in the semiconductor industry and in material and life sciences. For example, probing temperature on the nanoscale with high precision can potentially be used to detect small, local temperature changes like those caused by chemical reactions or biochemical processes. However, precise nanoscale temperature measurements have not been realized so far owing to the lack of adequate probes. Here we experimentally demonstrate a novel nanoscale temperature sensing technique based on optically detected electron spin resonance in single atomic defects in diamonds. These diamond sensor sizes range from a micrometer down to a few tens of nanometers. We achieve a temperature noise floor of 5 mK/Hz(1/2) for single defects in bulk sensors. Using doped nanodiamonds as sensors the temperature noise floor is 130 mK/Hz(1/2) and accuracies down to 1 mK for nanocrystal sizes and therefore length scales of a few tens of nanometers. This combination of precision and position resolution, combined with the outstanding sensor photostability, should allow the measurement of the heat produced by chemical interactions involving a few or single molecules even in heterogeneous environments like cells.
Effect of Brefeldin A on the Structure of the Golgi Apparatus and on the Synthesis and Secretion of Proteins and Polysaccharides in Sycamore Maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) Suspension-Cultured Cells (1993)

Brefeldin A (BFA), a specific inhibitor of Golgi-mediated secretion in animal cells, has been used to study the organization of the secretory pathway and the function of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells. To this end, we have employed a combination of electron microscopical, immunocytochemical, and biochemical techniques to investigate the effects of this drug on the architecture of the Golgi apparatus as well as on the secretion of proteins and complex cell wall polysaccharides in sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus) suspension-cultured cells. We have used 2.5 and 7.5 micrograms/mL of BFA, which is comparable to the 1 to 10 micrograms/mL used in experiments with animal cells. Electron micrographs of high-pressure frozen and freeze-substituted cells show that although BFA causes swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, unlike in animal cells, it does not induce the disassembly of sycamore maple Golgi stacks. Instead, BFA induces the formation of large clusters of Golgi stacks, an increase in the number of trans-like Golgi cisternae, and the accumulation in the cytoplasm of very dense vesicles that appear to be derived from trans Golgi cisternae. These vesicles contain large amounts of xyloglucan (XG), the major hemicellulosic cell wall polysaccharide, as shown by immunocytochemical labeling with anti-XG antibodies. All of these structural changes disappear within 120 min after removal of the drug. In vivo labeling experiments using [3H]leucine demonstrate that protein secretion into the culture medium, but not protein synthesis, is inhibited by approximately 80% in the presence of BFA. In contrast, the incorporation of [3H]fucose into N-linked glycoproteins, which occurs in trans-Golgi cisternae, appears to be affected to a greater extent than the incorporation of [3H]xylose, which has been localized to medial Golgi cisternae. BFA also affects secretion of complex polysaccharides as evidenced by the approximate 50% drop in incorporation of [3H]xylose and [3H]fucose into cell wall hemicelluloses. Taken together, these findings suggest that at concentrations of 2.5 to 7.5 mu g/mL BFA causes the following major changes in the secretory pathway of sycamore maple cells: (a) it inhibits the transport of secretory proteins to the cell surface by about 80% and of hemicelluloses by about 50%; (b) it changes the patterns of glycosylation of N-linked glycoproteins and hemicelluloses; (c) it reduces traffic between trans Golgi cisternae and secretory vesicles; (d) it produces a major block in the transport of XG-containing, dense secretory vesicles to the cell surface; and (e) it induces the formation of large aggregates of Golgi apparatus of plant and animal cels share many functional and structural characteristics, the plant Golgi apparatus possesses properties that make its response to BFA unique.
Microwave demulsification characteristics and product analysis of oily sludge (2021)

Oily sludge is a kind of industrial hazardous waste that contains a lot of harmful substances. It has high water content and oil content. Demulsification is the key link for its resource utilization. Based on the unique heating characteristics of microwave heating, this paper uses microwave heating method to demulsify oily sludge in refineries. The effects of microwave power, temperature, stirring time, and additives on the demulsification of oily sludge are studied. The composition of each layer of the oil phase is analyzed to explore the possibility of oil reuse. The orthogonal test results show that the order of the influence of various factors on the dehydration rate of sludge is: temperature>power>stirring time; microwave power 700 W, temperature 55°C, and stirring time 10 min, the dehydration rate of sludge reaches the maximum value of 69.3%; adding sludge pyrolysis residue can significantly improve the efficiency of sludge dehydration; based on the results of microwave primary demulsification experiments, a deep demulsification and dehydration method for sludge is proposed. Based on the carbon number method, the relative contents of the liquid phase product were corrected, and it was found that the three layers of liquid phase product composition after demulsification and centrifugation were significantly different. The upper layer was mainly composed of gasoline (69.54%), and the middle layer was mainly composed of diesel (89.55%), the lower layer was mainly heavy oil components (75.87%).
H2O2 in CO2:  Sustainable Production and Green Reactions (2002)

Hydrogen peroxide is a "green" oxidant whose relatively high cost has prevented it from being applied to commodity chemical processing. Interestingly, those attributes of the current H(2)O(2) process that contribute to the high cost also contribute to its nonsustainable features. We have consequently explored the generation of hydrogen peroxide both by the AQ route and directly from hydrogen and oxygen using liquid CO(2) as the solvent, because CO(2) provides some unique advantages to H(2)O(2) synthesis.
Screening Mammograms: Interpretation with Computer-aided Detection—Prospective Evaluation (2006)

The use of CAD improved the detection of breast cancer, with an acceptable increase in the recall rate and a minimal increase in the number of biopsies with benign results.
Optical Beat Noise Reduction Using FM to AM Conversion of Injection-Locked FP-Laser Diode in Reflective SOA Based WDM/SCM-Passive Optical Networks (2007)

A new scheme for reducing optical beat interference noise in a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier based wavelength division multiplexed/subcarrier multiplexing - passive optical network is proposed. This method uses an Fabry Perot laser locked by modulated lights from optical network units in a central office. As an experimental verification, it is reported that carrier to noise ratio is enhanced by 10 dB and power penalty is improved by 16 dB.
Evidence that insulin plus ATP may induce a conformational change in the beta subunit of the insulin receptor without inducing receptor autophosphorylation. (1991)

The effect of insulin and ATP on insulin receptor beta subunit conformation was studied in vitro with radioiodinated monoclonal antibodies directed at several regions of the receptor beta subunit. Insulin plus ATP inhibited their binding to the receptor. The greatest inhibitory effect of insulin and ATP was seen with antibody 17A3 which recognizes a domain of the beta subunit that is near the major tyrosine autophosphorylation sites at residues 1158, 1162, and 1163. ATP alone inhibited 17A3 binding with a one-half maximal ATP inhibitory concentration of 186 +/- 7 microM. Insulin at concentrations as low as 100 pM potentiated the effect of ATP; at 100 nM where insulin had its maximal effect, insulin lowered the one-half maximal inhibitory concentration of ATP to 16 +/- 6 microM. At 1 mM CTP, GTP, ITP, TTP, and AMP were without effect in either the presence or absence of insulin; in contrast, ADP was inhibitory in the presence of insulin. Of major interest was adenyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate (AMP-PNP). This nonhydrolyzable analog of ATP inhibited 17A3 binding, and the effect of AMP-PNP (like ATP) was potentiated by insulin. Two insulin receptor beta subunit mutants then were studied. Mutant receptor F3, where the major tyrosine autophosphorylation sites at residues 1158, 1162, and 1163 were changed to phenylalanines, bound to 17A3; antibody binding was inhibited by insulin and ATP in a manner similar to normal receptors. In contrast, mutant receptor M1030, where the lysine in the ATP binding site at residue 1030 was changed to methionine, bound 17A3, but unlike either normal receptors or F3 receptors, the binding of 17A3 was not inhibited by insulin and ATP. Therefore, these studies raise the possibility that, in vivo, ATP binding in the presence of insulin may induce a conformational change in the insulin receptor beta subunit which in turn signals some of the biological effects of insulin.
cTBLS: Augmenting Large Language Models with Conversational Tables (2023)

Optimizing accuracy and performance while eliminating hallucinations of open-domain conversational large language models (LLMs) is an open research challenge. A particularly promising direction is to augment and ground LLMs with information from structured sources. This paper introduces Conversational Tables cTBLS, a three-step architecture to retrieve and generate dialogue responses grounded on retrieved tabular information. cTBLS uses Transformer encoder embeddings for Dense Table Retrieval and obtains up to 125% relative improvement over the retriever in the previous state-of-the-art system on the HyrbiDialogue dataset. cTBLS then uses a shared process between encoder and decoder models to perform a coarse+fine tabular knowledge (e.g., cell) ranking combined with a GPT-3.5 LLM response generator to yield a 2x relative improvement in ROUGE scores. Finally, human evaluators prefer cTBLs +80% of the time (coherency, fluency) and judge informativeness to be 4x better than the previous state-of-the-art.
Methodology to evaluate long channel matching deterioration and effects of transistor segmentation on MOSFET matching (2010)

This paper summarizes an experimental study on matching of long NMOS transistors and the effects of splitting-up long transistors into series of short transistors. For this purpose, a dedicated set of matched pair test structures were designed and manufactured in a 45 nm CMOS technology. This study is used to evaluate relative threshold voltage matching performance degradations that are observed for long channel devices in such technologies.
Morphological alterations of exogenous surfactant inhibited by meconium can be prevented by dextran (2006)

Meconium causes alterations in the ultrastructural composition of Curosurf that can be visualized and analyzed by TEM and stereology. These alterations resemble an increase in the SA/LA ratio and are paralleled by an increase in minimum surface tension. Dextran prevents these effects and may therefore be a useful additive to exogenous surfactant preparations to preserve their structural and functional integrity, thereby improving their resistance to inactivation.
Clinical Outcome 2 Years After Intracoronary Administration of Bone Marrow–Derived Progenitor Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2009)

Intracoronary administration of BMC is associated with a significant reduction of the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events maintained for 2 years after AMI. Moreover, functional improvements after BMC therapy may persist for at least 2 years. Larger studies focusing on clinical event rates are warranted to confirm the effects of BMC administration on mortality and progression of heart failure in patients with AMIs. Clinical Trial Registration- clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT00279175.
Coamplification of HIV-1 Proviral DNA and Viral RNA in Assays Used for Quantification of HIV-1 RNA (2010)

Elevated HIV-1 viral load (VL) observed in specimens frozen in situ in plasma preparation tubes (PPTs) compared to EDTA plasma specimens may affect therapeutic monitoring of HIV-infected patients. The increase in viral load is cell associated and minimized when plasma from the PPT is aspirated or recentrifuged prior to freezing. This study investigates the contribution of integrated HIV-1 proviral DNA to elevated VL in the quantification of HIV-1 RNA in plasma. Fifty paired specimens collected in EDTA tubes and PPTs frozen in situ were used for analysis. HIV-1 VL was measured using the COBAS Amplicor Monitor ultrasensitive test version 1.5. Contaminating proviral DNA was detected using a nested PCR targeting the Alu repeat in human genomic DNA and HIV pol gene simultaneously. Treatment of the specimen with DNase resulted in significantly lower quantifiable HIV-1 RNA in specimens from PPTs compared to the corresponding EDTA tubes (P = 0.004). After the RNA was destroyed by heat treatment, the mean HIV-1 RNA VL decreased by 79% in the EDTA tube compared to 65% in the PPT. The nested PCR amplified integrated proviral DNA in nucleic acid extracted from plasma in PPT and EDTA specimens with high viral load values. Likewise, a semiquantitative densitometric analysis revealed that the total amount of genomic DNA in the PPT was higher than that in the EDTA tube. Our investigation clearly shows that both proviral DNA and intracellular RNA are amplified simultaneously in the COBAS Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor assay and that proviral DNA contributes to the elevated VL in plasma frozen in PPTs.
Comparison of two low-noise CEO frequency stabilization methods for an all-PM Yb:fiber NALM oscillator (2021)

We present a comparison of two low-noise carrier-envelope offset (CEO) frequency stabilization methods studied using an ytterbium (Yb) fiber laser oscillator based on a nonlinear amplifying loop mirror. We first investigate the phase locking performance achieved with cross-gain modulation (XGM) via injection of an auxiliary low-power continuous-wave (CW) laser into the fiber gain medium. Amplification of the injected CW laser light cross-modulates the gain of the oscillator, resulting in an intra-cavity power modulation, thus providing control of the CEO frequency. The XGM method is then compared with the conventional pump-current modulation scheme. Both stabilization methods provide similar locking performances with sub-200-mrad of integrated residual carrier-envelope-phase (CEP) noise (10 Hz to 1 MHz), suitable for high-resolution comb spectroscopy applications.
Enhancing the Sensitivity of a Resonant Accelerometer (2008)

This paper presents an investigation on the sensitivity enhancement of a resonant accelerometer by operating it in the nonlinear regime. The accelerometer is excited by a DC load superimposed to an AC harmonic load. The electric load is tuned such that the accelerometer is driven at primary resonance with a softening-type behavior. Upon the application of a small acceleration, the nonlinear resonance frequency of the accelerometer shifts to a smaller value. This frequency shift is used as an indication for the detected acceleration. This shift is much larger compared to the shift of the resonance frequency of the accelerometer when operating in the linear regime. The concept of the nonlinear excitation is demonstrated by simulation on a commercial capacitive accelerometer. A nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) system is used to model the accelerometer. Several results are shown for the effect of the DC and AC voltages on enhancing the sensitivity of the accelerometer.