gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microglial transcription profiles in mouse and human are driven by APOE4 and sex (2021)

Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). APOE4 is known to affect the function of microglia, but to what extent this gene drives microglial gene expression has thus far not been examined. Using a transgenic mouse model of AD that expresses human APOE, we identify a unique transcriptional profile associated with APOE4 expression. We also show a sex and APOE interaction, such that both female sex and APOE4 drive expression of this gene profile. We confirm these findings in human cells, using microglia derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iMGL). Moreover, we find that these interactions are driven in part by genes related to metal processing, and we show that zinc treatment has APOE genotype-dependent effects on iMGL. These data identify a sex- and APOE4-associated microglial transcription profile and highlight the importance of considering interactive risk factors such as sex and environmental exposures.
Change in serial liver stiffness measurement by magnetic resonance elastography and outcomes in NAFLD (2022)

Noninvasive monitoring of LSM by conventional MRE is a promising method of longitudinal NAFLD monitoring and risk estimation of liver-related outcomes in NAFLD.
An overview of time-reversal acoustics in biomedical engineering. (2010)

Time-reversal is a very powerful method for focusing ultrasound through complex and heterogeneous media and shows very promising results in biomedical applications. Here, we review the main applications investigated in medicine in this last decade. From the iterative time-reversal processing to the diagonalization of the time-reversal operator, we will discuss the various approaches for correcting distortions induced by different aberrators (skull, ribs, and abdominal layers). A complete discussion about the various targets available in tissues will show that in many situations time-reversal focusing can be used very efficiently. Several examples in ultrasound therapy and in ultrasound imaging will be presented.
Increased risk of prosthetic joint infection associated with esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy with biopsy (2013)

EGD with biopsy was associated with an increased risk of prosthetic joint infection in patients with hip or knee arthroplasties. This association will need to be confirmed in other epidemiological studies and adequately powered prospective clinical trials prior to recommending antibiotic prophylaxis in these patients.
p-[18F]-MPPF: A potential radioligand for PET studies of 5-HT1A receptors in humans (1997)

The purpose of this study was to develop a radiopharmaceutical that could be used to selectively image 5-HT1A receptors with positron emission tomography (PET). No-carrier-added 4-(2'-methoxyphenyl)-1-[2'-(N-2"-pyridinyl)-p-[18F] fluorobenzamido]ethylpiperazine (p-[18F]-MPPF, 2) was synthesized by the nucleophilic substitution of the corresponding nitro precursor 1 with K[18F]/Kryptofix 2.2.2. in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at 140 degrees C for 20 min followed by purification with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in 10% yield in a synthesis time of 90 min from end of bombardment (EOB). Specific activity was 1-4 Ci/microM. Biodistribution studies in rats showed that the initial uptake of 2 in the brain was high (0.7% dose/g tissue at 2 min). It was then rapidly eliminated. Rates of elimination were significantly slower in brain regions with high concentrations of 5-HT1A receptors (hippocampus, cortex, and hypothalamus) than in control regions. The maximum hippocampal/cerebellar ratio was 5.6:1 at 30 min postinjection. Uptake values in serotonergic, but not in control, regions were significantly reduced by prior treatment with either (+/-)-8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg, i.v., 5 min prior) or WAY 100635 (1 mg/kg, i.v., 5 min prior). Radioactivity in the femur did not increase with time, suggesting that in vivo defluorination may not be the major route of metabol sm. PET studies of 2 in a monkey demonstrated selective uptake and retention of 2 in the hippocampus. The hippocampal/cerebellar ratio was 3:1 at 30 min postinjection. The ratio was reduced to 1:1 by administering (+/-)-8-OH-DPAT (2 mg/kg, i.v.) 23 min postinjection of 2. Analyses of arterial plasma by HPLC revealed that 20% of radioactivity in the plasma remained as the parent compound 2 at 30 min postinjection. The results suggest that p-[18F]-MPPF may be a useful radioligand for studying cerebral 5-HT1A receptors in humans with PET techniques.
191: Effects of IP751, Ajulemic Acid, on Bladder Overactivity Induced by Bladder Irritation in the Rat (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Sunday, May 21, 2006, 9:00 am - 12:00 pm1 Apr 2006191: Effects of IP751, Ajulemic Acid, on Bladder Overactivity Induced by Bladder Irritation in the Rat Shiro Hiragata, Teruyuki Ogawa, Pradeep Tyagi, Fernando De Miguel, Michael B. Chancellor, William C. de Groat, and Naold Yoshimura Shiro HiragataShiro Hiragata More articles by this author , Teruyuki OgawaTeruyuki Ogawa More articles by this author , Pradeep TyagiPradeep Tyagi More articles by this author , Fernando De MiguelFernando De Miguel More articles by this author , Michael B. ChancellorMichael B. Chancellor More articles by this author , William C. de GroatWilliam C. de Groat More articles by this author , and Naold YoshimuraNaold Yoshimura More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)32458-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "191: Effects of IP751, Ajulemic Acid, on Bladder Overactivity Induced by Bladder Irritation in the Rat." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), p. 62 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 62 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Shiro Hiragata More articles by this author Teruyuki Ogawa More articles by this author Pradeep Tyagi More articles by this author Fernando De Miguel More articles by this author Michael B. Chancellor More articles by this author William C. de Groat More articles by this author Naold Yoshimura More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
PI3K mutation and effect of aspirin use in breast cancer. (2017)

e23209 Background: Increasing literature suggests a protective role of aspirin in breast cancer. PI3K mutation is prevalent in 30% of estrogen receptor positive and 50% of HER2 receptor positive breast cancers. Aspirin inhibits prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) through down-regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). A study in colorectal cancer demonstrated that regular use of aspirin was associated with superior survival among patients with PI3K mutated tumors. The aim of this study was to retrospectively examine the presence of PI3K mutation in breast cancer tissue in patients who used aspirin during treatment, and compare survival between those with and without PI3K mutations. Methods: Among 1259 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between year 2002 to 2013 at Augusta University (AU), 47 patients who used at least 81 mg of aspirin daily during cancer treatment were identified, and their breast cancer tissue blocks were analyzed for PI3K mutation by gene sequencing technique. Genomic DNAs were extracted from formalin fixed paraffin-embedded tissues using GeneRead DNA FFPE kit (Qiagen) and sequenced on Miseq sequencer (Illumina). We selectively analyzed five genes involved in the PI3K pathway, including PIK3CA, AKT, PIK3R1, PTEN, and TP53. The presence of mutation was correlated to overall survival, using Kaplan-Meier and Cox Regression analyses. Results: Of the 47 patients, 53% were Caucasian and 47% were African American. 70% were early stage (TNM stage I, II) and 30% were late stage (TNM stage III, IV). 69% were never smokers, 31% were current or former smokers. ER, PR and HER2 were expressed in 84%, 79%, and 86% patients respectively. 66% had PI3K mutation, and 34% were PI3K wild type. There was no significant difference (log-rank test p = 0.28) in overall survival (OS) of patients with PI3K mutation versus those without, although the former group had longer survival numerically. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for PI3K mutation was 0.53 (p = 0.29). Conclusions: Our project supports justification for a larger study to explore the role of aspirin in prevention, treatment and prognosis of breast cancer, and to validate biomarkers such as PI3K and related genes mediating the aspirin effect.
Effect of Directional Response Variables on Eye-Hand Reaction Times and Decision Time (1986)

To determine if direction of response affects reaction time, we measured the time for hand response to a visual stimulus, using a sensitive, microprocessor-based testing device to determine simple reaction time (RT), choice RT, and decision time. Mean simple RT was 207 +/- 3.7 msec. (mean +/- SEM); mean choice RT was 268 +/- 4.2 msec; and mean decision time was 61 msec. No differences were noted for leftward versus rightward movements, or midline versus lateral movements. Choice RT increased by 1.49 msec./yr. of age. Simple RT increased significantly with age for the nondominant hand, but not for the dominant hand. Right-handed subjects were more rapid with the dominant hand for choice RT. We conclude that dominance of hand tested and test initiation mechanism have major effects, but direction of movement in the lateral plane has little effect on reaction time.
Aureochromes are necessary for maintaining polyunsaturated fatty acid content in Nannochloropsis oceanica (2021)

ABSTRACT Nannochloropsis oceanica , as other stramenopile microalgae, is rich in long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) such as eiconsapentaenoic acid (EPA). We observed that fatty acid desaturases (FAD) involved in LC-PUFA biosynthesis were among the strongest blue light induced genes in N. oceanica CCMP1779. Blue light was also necessary for maintaining LC-PUFA levels in CCMP1779 cells, and growth under red light led to a reduction in EPA content. Aureochromes are stramenopile specific proteins that contain a light-oxygen-voltage-sensing (LOV) domain that associates with a flavin mononucleotide and is able to sense blue light. These proteins also contain a bZIP DNA binding motif and can act as blue light regulated transcription factors by associating with a E-box like motif, which we found enriched in the promoters of blue light induced genes. We demonstrated that, in vitro , two CCMP1779 aureochromes were able to absorb blue light. Moreover, the loss or reduction of any of the three aureochromes led to a decrease in the blue light specific induction of several FADs in CCMP1779. EPA content was also significantly reduced in NoAureo 2 and NoAureo 4 mutants. Taken together, our results indicate that aureochromes mediate blue light dependent regulation of LC-PUFA content in N. oceanica CCMP1779 cells.
New Incremental Forging of Twisted Shape (2005)

Incremental forging is applied to high-mix low-volume production because simple dies can form various kinds of shape by controlling the position of the punch and the workpiece. For example, a pair of dies with different width in feeding direction bends a workpiece in out-plain direction [1], an inclined die bends a workpiece in in-plain direction [2], and a pair of dies with equal width in feeding direction twists a workpiece along the longitudinal direction [3]. By the conventional twist forging, a torsional load is applied between the dies and a manipulator to the workpiece and it causes difficulty in controlling shape; namely, the torsional load may twist the unintended segment of the workpiece between the dies and a manipulator. To eliminate the torsional load, the authors proposed a new incremental twist forging. The principle of the incremental forging is described as follows: a pair of the die is diagonally placed across the workpiece, they move toward the workpiece, the angular misalignment deformation generates the driving force of twisting, and the force twists the workpiece. To clarify the deformation behaviour of the incremental twist forging, numerical simulation was carried out by using commercial software FORGE and a model experiment with aluminum was conducted. The results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with experimental results qualitatively. The feasibility of the proposed incremental twist forging is verified in this study.
New Models for FGD Performance, Cost and Hazardous Air Pollutant Removal (2018)

The capability to estimate the performance and cost of modern FGD systems is critical to a variety of planning and analysis requirements faced by utilities, regulators, researchers and analysts in the public and private sectors. As a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments, the ability of FGD systems to control emissions of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) also is of interest. The computer models described in this paper have been developed for DOE and EPRI to provide an up-to-date capability for analyzing emission control options for power plant systems. A variety of pre-combustion, combustion, and post-combustion options, utilizing several common FGD processes, are included in an integrated framework which allows the performance and cost of alternative emission control systems to be evaluated and compared systematically. A unique capability allows performance and costs to be modeled probabilistically, which allows explicit characterization of uncertainties and risks. Illustrative results showing typical performance, cost, and HAPs emissions characteristics for modem FGD systems are presented, along with examples of the use of probabilistic analysis for quantifying various types of risks.
Neural Network Sampling of the Free Energy Landscape for Nitrogen Dissociation on Ruthenium (2021)

In heterogeneous catalysis, free energy profiles of reactions govern the mechanisms, rates, and equilibria. Energetics are conventionally computed using the harmonic approximation (HA), which requires determination of critical states <i>a priori.</i> Here, we use neural networks to efficiently sample and directly calculate the free energy surface (FES) of a prototypical heterogeneous catalysis reaction-the dissociation of molecular nitrogen on ruthenium-at density-functional-theory-level accuracy. We find that the vibrational entropy of surface atoms, often neglected in HA for transition metal catalysts, contributes significantly to the reaction barrier. The minimum free energy path for dissociation reveals an "on-top" adsorbed molecular state prior to the transition state. While a previously reported flat-lying molecular metastable state can be identified in the potential energy surface, it is absent in the FES at relevant reaction temperatures. These findings demonstrate the importance of identifying critical points self-consistently on the FES for reactions that involve considerable entropic effects.
Simultaneous Bilateral Outfracture Technique for Medial Decompression of the Orbit in Malignant Exophthalmos (2001)

Kubo, Tateki MD; Haramoto, Ushio MD; Yano, Kenji MD; Takagi, Satoshi MD; Nakai, Kunihiro MD; Kakibuchi, Masao MD; Fujikado, Takashi MD; Hosokawa, Ko MD Author Information
Combretastatin A4 phosphate induces rapid regression of tumor neovessels and growth through interference with vascular endothelial-cadherin signaling (2005)

The molecular and cellular pathways that support the maintenance and stability of tumor neovessels are not well defined. The efficacy of microtubule-disrupting agents, such as combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P), in inducing rapid regression of specific subsets of tumor neovessels has opened up new avenues of research to identify factors that support tumor neoangiogenesis. Herein, we show that CA4P selectively targeted endothelial cells, but not smooth muscle cells, and induced regression of unstable nascent tumor neovessels by rapidly disrupting the molecular engagement of the endothelial cell-specific junctional molecule vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in vitro and in vivo in mice. CA4P increases endothelial cell permeability, while inhibiting endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation predominantly through disruption of VE-cadherin/beta-catenin/Akt signaling pathway, thereby leading to rapid vascular collapse and tumor necrosis. Remarkably, stabilization of VE-cadherin signaling in endothelial cells with adenovirus E4 gene or ensheathment with smooth muscle cells confers resistance to CA4P. CA4P synergizes with low and nontoxic doses of neutralizing mAbs to VE-cadherin by blocking assembly of neovessels, thereby inhibiting tumor growth. These data suggest that the microtubule-targeting agent CA4P selectively induces regression of unstable tumor neovessels, in part through disruption of VE-cadherin signaling. Combined treatment with anti-VE-cadherin agents in conjunction with microtubule-disrupting agents provides a novel synergistic strategy to selectively disrupt assembly and induce regression of nascent tumor neovessels, with minimal toxicity and without affecting normal stabilized vasculature.
Test Report #33: Compressor Calorimeter Test of R-410A Alternative: R-32/R-134a Mixture Using a Scroll Compressor (2014)

This report investigates the tested performance of lower - GWP candidate refrigerant, 94.07 wt% R - 32 + 5.93 wt % R - 134 a mixture (hereafter referred to as R - 32/134a), as an alternative to baseline refrigerant R - 410 A using a 36,000 Btu/hr compressor calorimeter located at the Heat Exchanger Advanced Testing Facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory . These tests were conducted during May and August 2013. R - 410A is a near - azeotropic blend of R - 32 and R - 125 with 0.5/0.5 mass fraction and has a GWP 100 of 2100. R - 32 and R - 134a are pure refrigerants and have GWP 100 of 716 and 1370 1, respectively. Based on the GWP 100 values of pure refrigerants and their mass fraction in the blend, GWP 100 of R - 32/134a, which is under development by National Refrigerant, is 755. This report compares various performance parameters, such as cooling capacity, compressor power, refrigerant mass flow rate, EER, isentropic efficiency and discharge temperature of the alternative refrigerant to that of R - 410 A.
Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis and septic arthritis--a single disease. An hypothesis based upon the presence of transphyseal blood vessels (1986)

The acute childhood diseases haematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitis and septic arthritis were studied concurrently using avian models which closely resemble the human diseases. Ultrastructural studies during the initial stages of bone and joint infection showed that adherence of bacteria to cartilage, bacterial proliferation, cartilage destruction and subsequent bacterial spread along the vascular channels within cartilage were common to both disease processes. Histological studies revealed that transphyseal blood vessels were present in the growing chickens and were a likely explanation for the frequency of the concurrence of acute osteomyelitis and adjacent joint infection following intravenous injection of bacteria. Transphyseal vessels provide a direct connection between the growth plate (physis) and epiphyseal cartilage supplying a route for bacteria to spread from an osteomyelitic focus in the metaphysis to the epiphysis and subsequently to the joint lumen.
Multi-dimensional wavefront sensing using volumetric meta-optics (2023)

The ideal imaging system would efficiently capture information about all fundamental properties light: intensity, direction, wavelength, and polarization. Most common imaging systems only map the spatial degrees of freedom of light onto a two-dimensional image sensor, with some wavelength and/or polarization discrimination added at the expense of efficiency. Thus, one of the most intriguing problems in optics is how to group and classify multiple degrees of freedom and map them on the two-dimensional sensor space. Here we demonstrate that volumetric meta-optics elements consisting of a highly scattering, inverse-designed medium structured with subwavelength resolution can sort light simultaneously based on direction, wavelength and polarization, by mapping these properties to a distinct combination of pixels on the image sensor for compressed sensing applications, including wavefront sensing, beam profiling, and next-generation plenoptic sensors.
Server-side Verification of Client Behavior in Online Games. (2010)

Online gaming is a lucrative and growing industry but one that is slowed by cheating that compromises the gaming experience and hence drives away players (and revenue). In this paper we develop a technique by which game developers can enable game operators to validate the behavior of game clients as being consistent with valid execution of the sanctioned client software. Our technique employs symbolic execution of the client software to extract constraints on client-side state implied by each client-to-server message, and then uses constraint solving to determine whether the sequence of client-to-server messages can be “explained ” by any possible user inputs, in light of the server-to-client messages already received. The requisite constraints and solving components can be developed either simultaneously with the game or retroactively for existing games. We demonstrate our approach in three case studies on the open-source game XPilot, a game similar to Pac-Man of our own design, and an open-source multiplayer version of Tetris.
Near-field scanning optical microscopic transient lens for carrier dynamics study in InGaN∕GaN (2005)

Time-resolved microscopic transient lens (TR-M-TL) and near-field scanning optical microscopic transient lens (NSOM-TL) were performed to reveal temporal and spatial behavior of carrier dynamics in InGaN∕GaN quantum wells. The carrier and thermal dynamics were observed through the time profile of the TR-M-TL signal. Also, NSOM-photoluminescence and NSOM-TL images were observed at the same time. By comparing these two images, both radiative and nonradiative recombination centers in InGaN active layer were unambiguously discriminated with submicrometer scale. Such nonradiative carrier dynamics has been difficult to observe by conventional techniques in spite of its importance.
A cirrhotic patient with fever and abdominal pain in the presence of ascites (2003)

The patient was a 64-year-old woman suffering from diabetes mellitus and Child's grade B hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis. In November 2001, she complained of persistent dull right upper quadrant pain and fever for 2 days. She did not notice any jaundice, tea-coloured urine or pale stool. There was no increase in abdominal distension.
EEPROM Failure Analysis Methodology : Can Programmed Charges be Measured Directly by Electrical Techniques of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)? (2005)

Abstract A method to measure “on site” programmed charges in EEPROM devices is presented. Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) based techniques such as Electric Force Microscopy (EFM) and Scanning Kelvin Probe Microscopy (SKPM) are used to directly probe floating gate potentials. Both preparation and probing methods are discussed. Sample preparation to access floating gate/oxide interfaces at a few nanometers distance without discharging the gate proves to be the key problem, more than the probing technique itself. Applications are demonstrated on 128 kbit EEPROMs from ST Microelectronics and 64 kbit EEPROMs from Atmel.