gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Concept using Derivative Superposition at the Device-Level to Reduce Linearity Sensitivity to Bias in N-polar GaN MISHEMT (2020)

N-polar GaN MISHEMTs have recently demonstrated excellent power performance and power-added efficiency at 94 GHz [1] . At mm-wave frequencies and high data rates, the linearity of an RF transistor is an important requisite. Third-order non-linearities lead to undesirable effects such as in-band signal distortion and are therefore important to control. This study presents a novel device concept to enhance the linearity of N-polar GaN MISHEMTs at millimeter wave frequencies (30 GHz and beyond) for low-power receiver application. We have recently reported linearity data on N-polar GaN MISHEMTs with OIP3/P DC of 11.4 dB [2] and 15 dB [3] at 30 GHz. We have observed in [2] , [3] that the peak linearity performance is limited to a narrow input-bias range, resulting in susceptibility to process and temperature variations. Therefore, we explore a novel device structure that can provide its best OIP3/P DC performance over a wide input-bias range.
An International Adult Guideline for Making Clozapine Titration Safer by Using Six Ancestry-Based Personalized Dosing Titrations, CRP, and Clozapine Levels (2021)

This international guideline proposes improving clozapine package inserts worldwide by using ancestry-based dosing and titration. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) databases suggest that clozapine is the third most toxic drug in the United States (US), and it produces four times higher worldwide pneumonia mortality than that by agranulocytosis or myocarditis. For trough steady-state clozapine serum concentrations, the therapeutic reference range is narrow, from 350 to 600 ng/mL with the potential for toxicity and ADRs as concentrations increase. Clozapine is mainly metabolized by CYP1A2 (female non-smokers, the lowest dose; male smokers, the highest dose). Poor metabolizer status through phenotypic conversion is associated with co-prescription of inhibitors (including oral contraceptives and valproate), obesity, or inflammation with C-reactive protein (CRP) elevations. The Asian population (Pakistan to Japan) or the Americas' original inhabitants have lower CYP1A2 activity and require lower clozapine doses to reach concentrations of 350 ng/mL. In the US, daily doses of 300-600 mg/day are recommended. Slow personalized titration may prevent early ADRs (including syncope, myocarditis, and pneumonia). This guideline defines six personalized titration schedules for inpatients: 1) ancestry from Asia or the original people from the Americas with lower metabolism (obesity or valproate) needing minimum therapeutic dosages of 75-150 mg/day, 2) ancestry from Asia or the original people from the Americas with average metabolism needing 175-300 mg/day, 3) European/Western Asian ancestry with lower metabolism (obesity or valproate) needing 100-200 mg/day, 4) European/Western Asian ancestry with average metabolism needing 250-400 mg/day, 5) in the US with ancestries other than from Asia or the original people from the Americas with lower clozapine metabolism (obesity or valproate) needing 150-300 mg/day, and 6) in the US with ancestries other than from Asia or the original people from the Americas with average clozapine metabolism needing 300-600 mg/day. Baseline and weekly CRP monitoring for at least four weeks is required to identify any inflammation, including inflammation secondary to clozapine rapid titration.
ChemInform Abstract: Fundamental Differences of Behaviour Between Some Neutral and Anionic Sugar‐Derived Perfluoroalkylated Surfactants. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rejection of trace organic pollutants with high pressure membranes (NF/RO) (2008)

Abstract This article presents a modeling approach for the rejection of trace organic pollutants in high‐pressure membranes. The rejection values of uncharged organic solutes with a wide range of solute size and hydrophobicity are determined. Sigmoidal rejection curves are constructed and modeled for solutes of different hydrophobicity. The model is based on a log‐normal pore size distribution model. A model is also presented to model the rejection of charged organic solutes, based on the rejection of uncharged solutes and the concept of a “charge concentration polarization.” Moreover, scale‐up issues arising when translating results from bench‐scale units to full‐scale plants are addressed, by assessing the viability of a full‐scale rejection model. The full‐scale model is based on a convection‐diffusion model for the transport of organic solutes through the high‐pressure membranes and the use of mass balances in the system. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
3D isotropic TO via parametrization (2016)

This paper shows the possibility to achieve 3D isotropic transformation optics via parametrization and numerical optimization. A cylindrical waveguide bend is used to test the method. A negligible anisotropy was obtained for the media which omission does not affect mode propagation.
Autoreactive isotype-specific T cells determine B cell frequency (2001)

Suppressive activities involving T-B and T-T cell interactions are important to maintain immune system homeostasis. Negative control of IgG2ab+ B cells by anti-IgG2ab T cells derived from Igha mice has been well documented. Nevertheless the real contribution of anti-IgG2ab T cells, endogenously matured in Ighb mice, in controlling IgG2ab+ B cell function has never been investigated. We previously generated anti-IgG2ab TCR-transgenic mice and showed that transgenic T cells were not deleted in the thymus and that they were responsible for a complete and chronic IgG2ab suppression. Here we show that T cells expressing high density of anti-IgG2ab TCR were positively selected in the thymus with a higher efficiency in animals expressing IgG2ab, reached peripheral lymphoid organs and negatively controlled IgG2ab serum levels. Moreover, anti-IgG2ab T cells transgenic for the single TCR chain, thus undergoing normal rearrangements and normal processes of selection, also reached the periphery and suppressed IgG2ab. Interestingly, concentration of IgG2ab in serum inversely correlated with the peripheral frequency of Ig-specific T cells. Finally, T cells able to suppress IgG2ab were obtained from Ighb non-transgenic mice, indicating that anti-2ab T cells are naturally present in the periphery of Ighb animals. We propose that IgG2ab-specific T cells contribute to determine IgG2ab serum levels in Ighb mice.
A Comparison of Single- and Multiple- Tracking Location Shear Wave Elastography (SWE) for Viscosity Mapping by System Identification (SI) (2020)

Viscosity has been shown to be a tissue property of diagnostic value that plays an important role in the propagation of shear waves. Recently, system identification (SI) techniques have been proposed for the estimation of tissue viscoelasticity maps. Here, we compare the performance of SI-based viscosity imaging by multiple tracking location (MTL) shear wave elastography (SWE) and by single tracking location (STL) SWE. The latter reduces speckle bias at the cost of using multiple push pulses to map the entire field of view.
O-010 Influence of thrombectomy volume on non-physician staff burnout and attrition in neurointerventional teams (2020)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Burnout takes a heavy toll on healthcare providers. We sought to assess the prevalence and risk factors for burnout among neurointerventional (NI) non-physician procedural staff (nurses and technologists) given increasing thrombectomy demands. <h3>Materials and Methods</h3> A 41 question online survey containing questions including the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey for Medical Personnel was distributed to NI nurses and radiology technologists at 20 U.S. endovascular capable stroke centers. <h3>Results</h3> 244 responses were received (64% response rate). Median (inter-quartile range) composite scores for emotional exhaustion were 25 (15–35), depersonalization 6 (2–11) and personal accomplishment 39 (35–43). Fifty-one percent of respondents met established criteria for burnout. There was no significant relationship between hospital thrombectomy volume, call frequency, call cases covered, or length of commute. On multiple logistic regression analysis, feeling under-appreciated by hospital leadership (OR 4.1; P&lt;0.001) and working with difficult/unpleasant physicians (OR 1.2; P=0.05) were strongly associated with burnout. At participating centers, nurse and technologist attrition was 25% over the last year. Over 50% of respondents indicated they had strongly considered leaving their position over the last 2 years. <h3>Conclusion</h3> This survey of United States NI non-physician procedural staff demonstrates a self-reported burnout prevalence of 51%. This was driven more by interaction with leadership and physician staff than by thrombectomy procedural volume and stroke call. Attrition among NI non-physician procedural staff is high. <h3>Disclosures</h3> <b>K. Fargen:</b> None. <b>S. Ansari:</b> None. <b>A. Spiotta:</b> None. <b>G. Dabus:</b> None. <b>M. Mokin:</b> None. <b>P. Brown:</b> None. <b>S. Wolfe:</b> None. <b>C. Kittel:</b> None. <b>P. Kan:</b> None. <b>B. Baxter:</b> None. <b>R. de Leacy:</b> None. <b>J. Milburn:</b> None. <b>S. Munich:</b> None. <b>A. Ducruet:</b> None. <b>A. Reeves:</b> None. <b>J. Fraser:</b> None. <b>R. Starke:</b> None. <b>A. Jadhav:</b> None. <b>W. Mack:</b> None. <b>A. Arthur:</b> None. <b>G. Pride:</b> None. <b>S. Sheth:</b> None. <b>T. Leslie-Mazwi:</b> None. <b>J. Hirsch:</b> None.
Quantum efficiency roll-off at high brightness in fluorescent and phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (2008)

A general technique is demonstrated to quantify the contribution of monomolecular and bimolecular quenching processes to the external quantum efficiency (EQE) roll-off in organic light emitting devices (OLEDs). Based on the photoluminescence transients of electrically driven devices, we identify the relative contributions of quenching and lack of charge balance to the roll-off in four fluorescent and phosphorescent devices containing the dopants 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylporphine platinum (PtOEP), fac tris-2-phenylpyridine iridium $[\mathrm{Ir}{(\mathrm{ppy})}_{3}]$, the laser dye 4-dicyanmethylene-2-methyl-6-($p$-dimethylaminostyryl)-$4H$-pyran (DCM), and neat tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum. We find that quenching is proportional to the radiative lifetime of the emitting molecule and that it is solely responsible for the roll-off of PtOEP. Roll-off of the EQE for $\mathrm{Ir}{(\mathrm{ppy})}_{3}$ is due primarily to loss of charge balance at low current density, $J$, and only shows significant quenching at $J\ensuremath{\ge}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. No quenching is observed for the fluorescent doped DCM device, even for $J\ensuremath{\sim}28\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{A}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Consequently, doped fluorescent OLEDs that maintain charge balance at high current density enable the elimination of intensity roll-off, which may provide a route to electrically pumped organic lasing.
Data expansion with Huffman codes (2002)

"In-place" Huffman coding of a file can cause the file to temporarily expand. In this paper we investigate this phenomenon.
Systolic heart failure and cardiac resynchronization therapy: a focus on diastole (2014)

Conflicting data exist about the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on diastolic function (DF). Aim of the study was to assess if and how CRT affects DF in systolic heart failure patients. We also investigated potential relations between CRT-induced left ventricular changes and the composite clinical endpoint of progressive heart failure and cardiac death over 3 years follow-up. 119 CRT patients underwent clinical evaluation and echocardiography before CRT and 4 months later. DF was quantified by transmitral velocities [E/A waves, deceleration time (DT), E/DT], early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (E'), E/E' ratio and 2-D speckle tracking strain rate during isovolumetric relaxation (IVR, SRivr). End-diastolic pressure-volume relationship (EDPVR) was also assessed noninvasively using a single-beat method. Overall stiffness was quantified by ventricular stiffness (Klv) normalized to end-diastolic volume (EDV). New York Heart Association class improved at 4 months (from 2.7 ± 0.7 to 1.9 ± 0.6, p < 0.001) as did ventricular filling (E/DT from 0.48 ± 0.29 to 0.39 ± 0.31 cm/s(2), p = 0.01). In contrast, relaxation (E', SRivr) and filling pressures (E/E', E/SRivr) did not change. Slope of EDPVR did not change with CRT. Such finding, together with an unmodified Klv/EDV and a 7 ± 18 % reduction in EDV (p = 0.001), suggested reverse remodelling towards a smaller equilibrium volume. Finally, end-systolic LV volume decreased from 147 ± 59 to 125 ± 52 ml and ejection fraction increased from 0.26 ± 0.07 to 0.32 ± 0.09 (both p < 0.001). Using a Cox regression model we found that only changes (Δ) in diastolic, but not systolic indexes, correlated with the composite clinical endpoint, with increments in ΔEDV20 and ΔE/DT, single or combined, greatly increasing risk of heart failure and/or cardiac death (p = 0.003). Ventricular reverse remodelling, together with improvement in ventricular filling, rather than improvements of systolic function, predict clinical prognosis long-term post-CRT.
Patterned photocrosslinking to establish stiffness anisotropies in fibrous 3D hydrogels (2021)

Cells are known to constantly interact with their local extracellular matrix (ECM) and respond to a variety of biochemical and mechanical cues received from the ECM. Nonetheless, comprehensive understanding of cell-ECM interactions has been elusive. Many studies rely on analysis of cell behavior on 2D substrates, which do not reflect a natural cell environment. Further, lack of dynamic control over local stiffness anisotropies and fiber alignment hinders progress in studies in naturally derived fibrous 3D cultures. Here, we present a cell-safe method of patterned photocrosslinking, which can aid in studying biological hypotheses related to mechanotransduction in 3D hydrogels. As previously described by our group, ruthenium-catalyzed photocrosslinking (RCP) of selected ECM regions promotes localized increase in stiffness mediated by focused blue laser light in a confocal microscope. In this study, we further demonstrate that RCP can induce localized strain stiffening and fiber alignment outside of the selected crosslinked region and induce stiffness anisotropy biased towards the direction of fiber alignment. MDA-MB-231 cells are shown to respond to RCP-induced changes in local ECM architecture and display directional bias towards the direction of fiber alignment, as compared to control cells. Further, the effect of patterned crosslinking on a stiffness landscape is measured using multi-axes optical tweezers active microrheology (AMR) with backscattered laser beam illumination. AMR validates RCP as a suitable tool for creating distinct stiffness anisotropies which promote directed migration of cells, further underscoring the usefulness of RCP in cell-ECM studies. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Studies on cell-ECM interactions in 3D cultures have often been hindered by the lack of available tools to dynamically alter local ECM stiffness and fiber alignment. Here, we present a non-invasive, cell-safe and easily applicable method of patterned photocrosslinking, which can aid in studying biological hypotheses in fibrous 3D hydrogels. Ruthenium-catalyzed crosslinking (RCP) of selected fibrin ECM regions promotes localized increase in stiffness and creates distinct stiffness anisotropies in the presence of the focused blue laser light. Outside of the crosslinked region, RCP causes fiber alignment and strain stiffening in the ECM, verified using multi-axes optical tweezers active microrheology (AMR). Following RCP, human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 exhibit directed cell migration, validating usefulness of this method in cell-ECM studies.
29.2 A transmitter and receiver for 100Gb/s coherent networks with integrated 4×64GS/s 8b ADCs and DACs in 20nm CMOS (2017)

At rates of 100Gb/s and above, CMOS DSP-based transceivers integrated with high-sampling-rate data converters are critical to realize the phase-sensitive modulation schemes based on coherent detection that are essential to metro and long-haul networks [1]. To support dual-polarization QPSK format, quad low-power DACs and ADCs are needed and precise phase alignment has to be maintained between XI, XQ, YI, and YQ channels, in order to transmit and extract the phase information in the coherent system, as shown in Fig. 29.2.1. For long-haul transmission at 100Gb/s, because of the FEC overhead, the baud rate per channel can be as high as 32Gb/s. In addition, the receiver often requires double sampling at 64GS/s for robust clock-data recovery and SNR improvement for stressed channels. Double sampling also enables the DSP to implement more complicated equalization schemes and more flexible spectrum engineering at high frequency on the transmitter side. This paper reports the receiver and transmitter fully integrated in a 100G coherent DSP chip, using 4×64GS/s ADCs and DACs with 8b resolution, fabricated in a standard 20nm CMOS process.
Manipulating sources using transformation optics with ‘folded geometry’ (2010)

Using the idea of transformation optics, we propose a way to annihilate or re-shape the radiation field of a source through remote manipulation. The manipulation is enabled by metamaterials that correspond to space folding coordinate transformations. It is shown that when two coherent sources with equal magnitudes and opposite phases are placed at equivalent positions in normal and folded spaces, they 'annihilate' each other optically. The folded space also gives the possibility of creating complex multipole sources by placing simple sources separately in normal and folded spaces. These ideas may find applications in areas such as active noise control and antenna design techniques.
Quasi-Dimensional Multi-Zone Modeling of Methane-Diesel Dual-Fuel Combustion (2020)

Strict CO 2 emission and fuel economy regulations are motivating the developers of internal combustion engines to consider alternative fuels. Dual-fuel NG diesel engines are attractive due to minimal design changes, ability to maintain high compression ratio of the diesel baseline, and elimination of driver's range anxiety. A typical overarching goal is to maximize the substitution ratio, but the higher complexity of the dual-fuel engine comes with challenges, such as the knock limit at high load, combustion instability at low load and methane slip. Development of dual-fuel engine and its control strategies can benefit from predictive simulations, capable of providing deep insights into combustion and emission formation. They can dramatically lower the time and cost for explorations of design and optimizing engine control strategies. Even when experimental data is available, the simulation can provide useful additional insight by predicting value of parameters that are not easy to measure from experimental setup. This paper presents development of a Quasi-D multi-zone combustion model of a heavy-duty dual-fuel engine. The approach marries the best features of the multi-zonal diesel spray model with the turbulent flame entrainment model for the premixed charge of NG and air/EGR. The diesel combustion model developed in this study is based on the framework proposed by Regarding the combustion of the premixed charge, a new way of modeling the flame front area during NG flame propagation is proposed. The NG flame is assumed to initiate from the outer boundary of diesel spray and propagates into the space in the direction perpendicular to the diesel spray envelope. The algorithm incorporates geometrical information of all spatial constraints and it can provide a universal solution for various piston or cylinder head designs. The diesel and NG combustion models run concurrently to arrive at a complete prediction of the heat release history of both fuels, based on detailed information about the evolution of diesel spray, ignition and flame propagation of NG-air mixture.
On spectral and temporal coherence of x-ray free-electron laser beams (2016)

A model for the coherence properties of free-electron lasers (FELs) in time and frequency domains is introduced within the framework of classical second-order coherence theory of nonstationary light. An iterative phase-retrieval algorithm is applied to construct an ensemble of field realizations in both domains, based on single-pulse spectra measured at the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) in self-amplified spontaneous emission mode. Such an ensemble describes the specific FEL pulse train in a statistically averaged sense. Two-time and two-frequency correlation functions are constructed, demonstrating that the hard X-ray free-electron laser at LCLS in this case behaves as a quasistationary source with low spectral and temporal coherence. We also show that the Gaussian Schell model provides a good description of this FEL.
Abstract 9781: Deletion of Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 in Myeloid Lineage suppressed Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm via NF-κB Inactivation (2015)

Background: Macrophage migration to the vessels is important for vascular inflammation and induces vascular degenerative diseases. Macrophages secrete matrix metalloprotainases (MMPs), which activate many cytokines and digest extracellular matrix of aorta. MMPs play an important role in the progression of aortic aneurysm. We previously reported that non-specific prolyl hydroxylase domain protein (PHD) inhibitor, Cobalt chloride (CoCl2), suppressed MMP-2 and -9 expression and attenuated experimental abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in mice. In this report we investigated the myeloid specific PHD2 knockout effect on MMPs expression and aneurysm formation. Methods: Myeloid specific PHD2 conditional knockout (MyPHD2KO) mice were generated. Experimental AAA was induced by periaortic application of Calcium chloride (CaCl2) for 6 weeks. In vitro Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100ng/ml) was used to induce MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression with peritoneal macrophages. MMPs mRNA, protein expression and protein activity were analyzed by qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis and Zymography, respectively. ELISA-based NF-κB p65 Transcription Factor Assay was used to examine NF-κB p65 binding activity with consensus DNA binding site. Results: CaCl2-induced AAA was suppressed with MyPHD2KO mice (max diameter of aneurysm: 1.03mm±0.14mm in MyPHD2KO group, 1.63mm±0.34mm in Control AAA group, p&lt;0.01). In peritoneal macrophages CoCl2 reduced LPS-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression. PHD2 deletion in peritoneal macrophages from MyPHD2KO mice also suppressed LPS-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA, protein expression and activity. PHD2 deletion suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB p65 phosphorylation via IκBα stabilization by Western blot analysis. NF-κB p65 binding activity was suppressed in MyPHD2KO macrophages (p&lt;0.01 vs control). Conclusion: Deletion of PHD2 in myeloid lineage attenuated MMPs expression by NF-κB inactivation and suppressed AAA formation. PHD2 in macrophage may be a novel target for cardiovascular disease treatment.