gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,3-Propanediol over Rhenium-Oxide-Modified Iridium Nanoparticles Coating Rutile Titania Support (2019)

The effect of support in Ir-ReOx catalysts for glycerol hydrogenolysis to 1,3-propanediol was investigated. Rutile TiO2 support showed high activity, even higher than previously reported SiO2 support. Anatase TiO2, C, ZrO2, CeO2, Al2O3, and MgO supports showed very low activity of supported Ir-ReOx pairs. Higher Ir-based 1,3-propanediol productivity of Ir-ReOx/rutile catalyst was obtained at the initial stage even with lower Re/Ir ratio (typical Ir loading amount, 4 wt %, nominal ratio of 0.25; actual ratio of 0.24) without addition of H2SO4 than that of Ir-ReOx/SiO2. The 1,3-propanediol productivity over Ir-ReOx catalysts showed dependency on catalyst compositions (metal loading amount), and the relationship between catalyst structure and activity was further established over Ir-ReOx/rutile. Relatively high Ir loading amount in comparison with small surface area (6 wt %, on 6 m2 g–1 rutile TiO2) showed the highest activity (Ir-based activity). From combined characterization results altogether (TPR, TEM, XPS, XAS, CO adsorption, CO FT-IR) with a kinetics study, the Ir metal particles interacted with the partially oxidized ReOx cluster (average valence of Re: +3) almost totally covering the surface of rutile TiO2 particles, and the active site was the Ir-ReOx interface. Small amounts of Ir species (∼20%) were incompletely reduced; however, such IrOx species as well as rutile TiO2 support were not directly involved in glycerol hydrogenolysis. The role of rutile support was regarded as providing a unique environment for stabilization of uniform and small Ir-ReOx particles with very high surface density on rutile TiO2, which increased the number of active sites per Re amount.
Pushing the limits of copper: Paving the road to FTTH (2012)

The ever growing demand for higher data rate is pushing existing electrical broadband communication systems, using coax or twisted pair cabling, to the limit. While optical access systems inherently have a much higher transmission capacity, upgrading the access network entirely to fiber remains a costly and time-consuming effort. Therefore, many operators deploy fiber gradually closer to the end user, while bridging the remaining distance through copper technologies such as VDSL2. In the next step of this evolutionary path, fiber is brought to distribution points that are in the range of no more than 200 m from the end user, with a copper access technology called G. fast delivering data rates of 500 Mb/s to 1 Gb/s over the remaining copper stretch. In this paper, we give an overview of the G. fast technology that is currently being standardized in ITU. We show the feasibility of its main technical requirements, namely i) powering of the access equipment through the customer premises modem, ii) high transmission efficiency for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing over short copper loops and iii) offering high net data rates to end users.
Your Gaze Betrays Your Age (2018)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Kos island, Greece, 2017
Diagnose Like a Pathologist: Transformer-Enabled Hierarchical Attention-Guided Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Image Classification (2023)

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) and transformers are increasingly popular in histopathology Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. However, unlike human pathologists who selectively observe specific regions of histopathology tissues under different magnifications, most methods do not incorporate multiple resolutions of the WSIs, hierarchically and attentively, thereby leading to a loss of focus on the WSIs and information from other resolutions. To resolve this issue, we propose a Hierarchical Attention-Guided Multiple Instance Learning framework to fully exploit the WSIs. This framework can dynamically and attentively discover the discriminative regions across multiple resolutions of the WSIs. Within this framework, an Integrated Attention Transformer is proposed to further enhance the performance of the transformer and obtain a more holistic WSI (bag) representation. This transformer consists of multiple Integrated Attention Modules, which is the combination of a transformer layer and an aggregation module that produces a bag representation based on every instance representation in that bag. The experimental results show that our method achieved state-of-the-art performances on multiple datasets, including Camelyon16, TCGA-RCC, TCGA-NSCLC, and an in-house IMGC dataset. The code is available at https://github.com/BearCleverProud/HAG-MIL.
Data from Dual Epitope Targeting and Enhanced Hexamerization by DR5 Antibodies as a Novel Approach to Induce Potent Antitumor Activity Through DR5 Agonism (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Higher-order death receptor 5 (DR5) clustering can induce tumor cell death; however, therapeutic compounds targeting DR5 have achieved limited clinical efficacy. We describe HexaBody-DR5/DR5, an equimolar mixture of two DR5-specific IgG1 antibodies with an Fc-domain mutation that augments antibody hexamerization after cell surface target binding. The two antibodies do not compete for binding to DR5 as demonstrated using binding competition studies, and binding to distinct epitopes in the DR5 extracellular domain was confirmed by crystallography. The unique combination of dual epitope targeting and increased IgG hexamerization resulted in potent DR5 agonist activity by inducing efficient DR5 outside-in signaling and caspase-mediated cell death. Preclinical studies &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; demonstrated that maximal DR5 agonist activity could be achieved independent of Fc gamma receptor–mediated antibody crosslinking. Most optimal agonism was observed in the presence of complement complex C1, although without inducing complement-dependent cytotoxicity. It is hypothesized that C1 may stabilize IgG hexamers that are formed after binding of HexaBody-DR5/DR5 to DR5 on the plasma membrane, thereby strengthening DR5 clustering and subsequent outside-in signaling. We observed potent antitumor activity &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in large panels of patient-derived xenograft models representing various solid cancers. The results of our preclinical studies provided the basis for an ongoing clinical trial exploring the activity of HexaBody-DR5/DR5 (GEN1029) in patients with malignant solid tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optical fiber for 1310nm single-mode and 850nm few-mode transmission (2019)

In this paper, we present an optical fiber that is single-mode at 1310 nm window and few-mode at 850 nm window with high bandwidth. The fiber is compatible with standard single-mode fiber at 1310 nm, which can meet long reach requirements for hyper-scale data centers. In addition, the fiber can be used for few-mode transmission at 850 nm using single-mode or few-mode VCSELs, providing low-cost solutions for short links. We discuss fiber design considerations and present fiber properties and 25 Gb/s transmission results at 850 nm.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS INVOLVING SELENIUM METAL AS AN ELECTROPHILE. THE ENOLATE‐SELENOLATE TRANSFORMATION (1981)

Abstract Ein verbilligtes Verfahren zur Herstellung ungesättigter Ketone aus den entsprechenden gesättigten Verbindungen unter Verwendung von Selen wird beschrieben.
Intrinsic picosecond response times of Y–Ba–Cu–O superconducting photodetectors (1999)

We report our femtosecond time-resolved measurements on the photoresponse of an epitaxial YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin-film photodetector, patterned into a microbridge geometry. By varying the current–voltage biasing conditions between the superconducting and resistive (hot spot) states, we observed transients that correspond to the nonequilibrium kinetic-inductance and the nonequilibrium electron-heating response mechanisms, respectively. The two-temperature model and the Rothwarf–Taylor theory have been used to simulate the measured wave forms and to extract the temporal parameters. The electron thermalization time and the electron–phonon energy relaxation time were determined by the electron temperature rise and decay times, which were found to be 0.56 and 1.1 ps, respectively, in the resistive state. We have also measured the ratio between the phonon and electron specific heats to be 38, which corresponds to a phonon–electron scattering time of 42 ps. No phonon-trapping effect (typical for low-temperature superconductors) was observed in YBCO, in the superconducting state, so the quasiparticle lifetime was given by the quasiparticle recombination time, estimated from the Rothwarf–Taylor equations to be below 1 ps.
LTE-A Field Measurements: 8x8 MIMO and Carrier Aggregation (2013)

The introduction of 8x8 MIMO and carrier aggregation in the 3GPP LTE Rel. 10 opens up for increased user throughput. The potential gains using these techniques have been evaluated in a field measurement campaign with a testbed implementation. A downlink throughput exceeding 1 Gbps has been achieved combining 8x8 MIMO in an outdoor macro scenario with carrier aggregation using three component carriers (3x20 MHz). The relation between the achievable throughput and the channel richness arising from the physical environment and antenna spacing was demonstrated. The performance of MIMO setups ranging from 1x2 up to 8x8 was evaluated in indoor-to-indoor, outdoor-to-indoor, and outdoor-to-outdoor deployments. It was observed that each added transmit or receive antenna increased the throughput. These gains were achieved with a compact UE antenna that is reasonable in size for implementation in a consumer device.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Anti-DLL4 Inhibits Growth and Reduces Tumor-Initiating Cell Frequency in Colorectal Tumors with Oncogenic <i>KRAS</i> Mutations (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Anti-DLL4 Inhibits Growth and Reduces Tumor-Initiating Cell Frequency in Colorectal Tumors with Oncogenic &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt; Mutations
Optimizing Interacting Potentials to Form Targeted Materials Structures (2015)

Conventional applications of the principles of statistical mechanics (the "forward" problems), start with particle interaction potentials, and proceed to deduce local structure and macroscopic properties. Other applications (that may be classified as "inverse" problems), begin with targeted configurational information, such as low-order correlation functions that characterize local particle order, and attempt to back out full-system configurations and/or interaction potentials. To supplement these successful experimental and numerical "forward" approaches, we have focused on inverse approaches that make use of analytical and computational tools to optimize interactions for targeted self-assembly of nanosystems. The most original aspect of our work is its inherently inverse approach: instead of predicting structures that result from given interaction potentials among particles, we determine the optimal potential that most robustly stabilizes a given target structure subject to certain constraints. Our inverse approach could revolutionize the manner in which materials are designed and fabricated. There are a number of very tangible properties (e.g. zero thermal expansion behavior), elastic constants, optical properties for photonic applications, and transport properties.
Enhancing the potential of aged human articular chondrocytes for high‐quality cartilage regeneration (2021)

Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is a regenerative procedure used to treat focal articular cartilage defects in knee joints. However, age has been considered as a limiting factor and ACI is not recommended for patients older than 40-50 years of age. One reason for this may be due to the reduced capacity of aged chondrocytes in generating new cartilage. Currently, the underlying mechanism contributing to aging-associated functional decline in chondrocytes is not clear and no proven approach exists to reverse chondrocyte aging. Given that chondrocytes in healthy hyaline cartilage typically display a spherical shape, believed to be essential for chondrocyte phenotype stability, we hypothesize that maintaining aged chondrocytes in a suspension culture that forces the cells to adopt a round morphology may help to "rejuvenate" them to a younger state, thus, leading to enhanced cartilage regeneration. Chondrocytes isolated from aged donors displayed reduced proliferation potential and impaired capacity in generating hyaline cartilage, compared to cells isolated from young donors, indicated by increased hypertrophy and cellular senescence. To test our hypothesis, the "old" chondrocytes were seeded as a suspension onto an agarose-based substratum, where they maintained a round morphology. After the 3-day suspension culture, aged chondrocytes displayed enhanced replicative capacity, compared to those grown adherent to tissue culture plastic. Moreover, chondrocytes subjected to suspension culture formed new cartilage in vitro with higher quality and quantity, with enhanced cartilage matrix deposition, concomitant with lower levels of hypertrophy and cellular senescence markers. Mechanistic analysis suggested the involvement of the RhoA and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in the "rejuvenation" process. In summary, our study presents a robust and straightforward method to enhance the function of aged human chondrocytes, which can be conveniently used to generate a large number of high-quality chondrocytes for ACI application in the elderly.
Functional anomaly of CD8 T cells at earlier differentiation stages during HIV infection as established by analysis of synaptic interface and degranulation pattern (2020)

Abstract It is thought that HIV infection could lead to a global defect in CD8+ T cell function. However, the effect of the infection on CD8+ T cells at various stages of differentiation has not been well studied. To evaluate the functional activity of CD8+ T cells from HIV infected people at various differentiation stages, we assessed their ability to form synaptic interfaces using planar lipid bilayers containing anti-CD3 antibody and soluble ICAM-1 ligand. We analyzed the dynamics of the T cell/bilayer interface formation, size of adhesion area, and kinetics of T-cell degranulation, parameters that are linked to the efficiency of CD8+ T cell functional activity. Unexpectedly, we observed that purified naïve CD8+ T cells (TN) and transitional memory (TTM) from HIV-infected individuals developed mature synapses whereas the same subsets from HIV uninfected individuals did not. While the kinetics of degranulation of naïve T cells was slower, both TN and TTM cells reached a similar extent of degranulation. The fraction and kinetics of CD27-CD45RO+ T cell degranulation were similar to that observed for TTM cells. Treatment with ART led to increase in the fraction of degranulating CD27-CD45RO+ T cells. As opposed to memory cells from healthy donors, a sizable fraction of CD27-CD45RO+ T cells from infected individuals develop lamellopodia and a larger adhesion area after synapse formation. These data suggest that less differentiated CD8+ T cells from HIV-infected people revealed functional anomaly that is likely mediated by aberrant functions of integrins and cytoskeleton causing changes in T-cell plasticity as a result of continuous inflammation during chronic HIV infection.
Single Agent AMD3100 Mobilization of Peripheral Blood Progenitor Cells for Autologous Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM). (2006)

Abstract Background: The addition of AMD3100 to a G-CSF mobilization regimen increases the number of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) that can be collected by apheresis, allowing the successful (re)mobilization and transplantation of MM patients. This single-arm, open-label, study was therefore initiated to determine if AMD3100 alone could successfully mobilize HSPCs in MM patients for autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This is the first clinical trial of HSPCs mobilized by AMD3100 alone in the autologous transplant setting. Methods: Patients received 240 μg/kg AMD3100 followed by apheresis 6 hours later. Dosing and apheresis could be repeated for up to 4 consecutive days or until ge;4 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg were collected. Post-transplant follow-up included daily WBC measurements until leukocyte engraftment (≥0.5 × 109/l for 3 consecutive days or ≥1 × 109/l for 1 day), and platelet engraftment (≥20 × 109/l for 7 days). Results: Nine patients have been enrolled. The median number of CD34+ cells collected was 2.7 × 106/kg (Range:1.9– 4.6), completed in 4 apheresis days by 8 patients and 3 days by 1 patient. Six patients (67 %) mobilized ≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg and 2 pts (22 %) mobilized ≥4 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. All patients were transplanted; 1 patient received tandem transplants with study cells; 1 patient received tandem transplants, the first transplant with study cells followed by a second transplant with G-CSF mobilized cells. Median time to PMN engraftment was 10 days (Range: 10–11 days); median time to PLT engraftment was 21 days (Range: 15–33 days, except for 1 patient with platelet recovery some time between day 23 and 82). One patient with Plasma Cell Leukemia died of disease relapse at 6 months. Engraftment was durable with a follow-up of over 19 months in the earliest transplanted patient. AMD3100 was safe and generally well tolerated with the most common adverse events being injection site reactions, GI upset, and paresthesias. There were no drug-related severe adverse events. Conclusions: AMD3100 alone mobilizes autologous HSPCs that provide prompt and durable engraftment, indicating that AMD3100 mobilizes functional HSPCs independent of the presence of G-CSF. These results are consistent with and reinforced by observations made using AMD3100 to mobilize allogeneic HSPCs [Devine et al., ASH 2005, #299]. While the number of cells mobilized by AMD3100 alone is relatively modest, AMD3100 plus G-CSF mobilizes a more primitive subset of CD34+ cells than G-CSF alone which could potentially translate into fewer CD34+ cells being required for transplantation when AMD3100 is part of the mobilization regimen [Seeger et al., ASH 2005, #1969]. Therefore, further evaluation of dose and schedule, as well as the role of CD34+ phenotype, is required to optimize HSPC mobilization with single-agent AMD3100.
Validation d’un concept de port autonettoyant à l’aide de modélisations hydrosédimentaires (2012)

Ce manuscrit prsente la validation d'une stratgie de port autonettoyant qui offre une possibilit de matrise intgrale du problme d'envasement dans les amnagements portuaires construits selon le concept innovant brevet BlueRing. Les rgions concernes sont celles o l'envasement s'explique par le dpt des vases apportes en suspension par les courants de flot. La propagation de la mare, qui est en grande partie responsable de l'envasement, reprsente aussi une nergie pouvant tre utilise. Cette nergie est mise profit pour expulser du port des vases remises en suspension mcaniquement pour obtenir un port autonettoyant. La stratgie de port autonettoyant est valide pour une mare semi-diurne macrotidale travers une srie de modlisations hydrosdimentaires 2DH. Les rsultats obtenus permettent de dfinir le moment idal pour les oprations de remise en suspension au cours d'un cycle de mare et la priodicit de ces oprations en fonction du taux d'envasement "naturel" des ports flot de la rgion tudie.
Ovenized high frequency oscillators based on aluminum nitride contour-mode MEMS resonators (2011)

This paper reports on the design, simulation, fabrication and characterization of the first micro-ovenized Aluminum Nitride (AlN) Lateral Field Excited - Floating (LFE-F) Contour-Mode Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System (MEMS) resonators (CMR) operating between 250 MHz and 1.11 GHz. The ovenized devices exhibited high quality factors (Q up to 1,550 @ 1.1 GHz) and k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (up to 0.6% @ 1.1 GHz). A heater power consumption lower than 5 mW for a 100 °C temperature increase and a thermal time constant in the hundreds of μs range were recorded for these devices. As a proof of concept, an ovenized 590 MHz oscillator with good phase noise performance was also demonstrated.
Search for the Λ b 0  → Λη ′ and Λ b 0  → Λη decays with the LHCb detector (2015)

A search is performed for the as yet unobserved baryonic 0 b and 0 b decays with 3 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment. The B 0 K 0 s decay is used as a normalisation channel. No significant signal is observed for the 0 b decay. An upper limit is found on the branching fraction of B( 0 b ) < 3.1 10 -6 at 90% confidence level. Evidence is seen for the presence of the 0 b decay at the level of 3 significance, with a branching fraction B( 0 b ) = (9.3 +7.3 -5.3 ) 10 -6 .
ChemInform Abstract: Further Synthetic Studies on Rifamycin S. (1982)

Abstract In umfangreichen Untersuchungen werden sterisch streng kontrollierte Wege zur Darstellung der (natürlichen) optisch aktiven Form des Teilsegmentes (XIII) von Rifamycin Saufgezeigt [die Darstellung des entsprechenden Racemates in 48 Stufen ausgehend vom Aldehyd (Ib) ist bereits beschrieben worden] . Der Aldehyd (Ib) [Oxidationsprodukt von (Ia)] wird über die Stufen (III), (IV), (Va), (Vb), (VI), (VII), (VIIIa), (VIIIb), (IXa)‐(IXc), (Xa) und (Xb) in den Alkohol (XI) mit gewünschter Stereoselektivität übergeführt, der auch ausgehend von (Vb) auf abweichendem Weg über die Stufe (XII) erhältlich ist [die Überführung von (VIIIb) in (XI) erfolgt dann ebenfalls nach modifiziertem Verfahren].
Periodic Mesoporous Hydridosilica − Synthesis of an “Impossible” Material and Its Thermal Transformation into Brightly Photoluminescent Periodic Mesoporous Nanocrystal Silicon-Silica Composite (2011)

There has always been a fascination with “impossible” compounds, ones that do not break any rules of chemical bonding or valence but whose structures are unstable and do not exist. This instability can usually be rationalized in terms of chemical or physical restrictions associated with valence electron shells, multiple bonding, oxidation states, catenation, and the inert pair effect. In the pursuit of these “impossible” materials, appropriate conditions have sometimes been found to overcome these instabilities and synthesize missing compounds, yet for others these tricks have yet to be uncovered and the materials remain elusive. In the scientifically and technologically important field of periodic mesoporous silicas (PMS), one such “impossible” material is periodic mesoporous hydridosilica (meso-HSiO1.5). It is the archetype of a completely interrupted silica open framework material: its pore walls are comprised of a three-connected three-dimensional network that should be so thermodynamically unstable that any mesopores present would immediately collapse upon removal of the mesopore template. In this study we show that meso-HSiO1.5 can be synthesized by template-directed self-assembly of HSi(OEt)3 under aqueous acid-catalyzed conditions and after template extraction remains stable to 300 °C. Above this temperature, bond redistribution reactions initiate a metamorphic transformation which eventually yields periodic mesoporous nanocrystalline silicon-silica, meso-ncSi/SiO2, a nanocomposite material in which brightly photoluminescent silicon nanocrystallites are embedded within a silica matrix throughout the mesostructure. The integration of the properties of silicon nanocrystallinity with silica mesoporosity provides a wealth of new opportunities for emerging nanotechnologies.