gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
mmWave-Based Mobile Access for 5G: Key Challenges and Projected Standards and Regulatory Roadmap (2015)

Wireless communication using millimetre-wave (mmWave) systems, i.e. systems operating at frequencies between 30 and 300GHz, has long been used for point-to-point radio links, wireless backhaul, and more recently fixed wireless access as well as LAN communication. This notwithstanding, the use of this vast and diverse band and the adjacent lower bands (more specifically, the 6-100GHz region which this paper focuses on and collectively refers to as mmWave) for mobile access has until recently been thought impossible due to technical as well as regulatory constraints. Recent successful super-fast demos which use the mmWave technology for mobile access have pushed the boundaries and made the use of 6-100GHz bands for mobile access perhaps the most talked-about development on the road to 5G. This paper assesses the relevant regulatory and standardisation challenges (in addition to providing a critical summary of the technical ones). By examining various proposed 3GPP timelines, the ITU work plan, ETSI ISG mWT, NGMN, and 5G-PPP activities (among others), we show that a picture is indeed emerging of regulatory and standardisation plans, and we draw up a projected industry roadmap - still with a lot of unknowns on the road to mmWave access, which we also identify. This roadmap and the complex interplay of different actors which we also capture will help various research activities across the world in aligning their work with the emerging standardisation and regulation framework. We additionally contribute some new insight into integration of mmWave communications into various proposed 5G architectures.
Supplementary Video 5 from Endogenous Two-Photon Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Metabolic Changes Related to Enhanced Glycolysis and Glutamine Consumption in Precancerous Epithelial Tissues (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 1297KB, Representative endogenous TPEF OPTICAL STACK E7 EETE.&lt;/p&gt;
Physalaemin‐like immunoreactive peptides from rabbit stomach (1986)

Two physalaemin (PHY)-like immunoreactive peptides, designated PHLIPs, have been purified from extracts of rabbit stomach tissue. Fast atom bombardment/mass spectrometry (FAB/MS) indicated that the m/z values for the PHLIP protonated molecular ions were 867.419 and 796.4. FAB/tandem MS spectra, coupled with a knowledge of the amino acid composition and the aid of a computerized fragment-matching program, indicated the amino acid sequences to be: (formula; see text) The sequences of PHLIPs-7 and -8 were confirmed with synthetic peptides. The PHY-antiserum cross-reactivity of the PHLIPs reflects homology at amino acid residues 1, 3, 4 and 5 for the mammalian and amphibian residues.
Application of Digital On-Channel Repeater in a DTV Transmission Network in Korea (2005)

KBS and ETRI have co-developed an advanced DOCR(Digital On Channel Repeater) which has an equalization and pre-distortion function and can be operated properly under lower isolation of reception and transmission antennas. Field tests of the DOCR were performed twice in Suwon area in 2004 and 2005. This paper summarizes the characteristics of the DOCR system and field test results in Suwon. The changes in DOCR coverage according to the different generations of ATSC DTV receivers were also analyzed. Basic concept to apply the DOCR system in DTV broadcasting networks in Korea is suggested through test results.
Alterations of Functional Connectivity During the Resting State and Their Associations With Visual Memory in College Students Who Binge Drink (2020)

This study investigated the characteristics of neural oscillation and functional connectivity (FC) in college students engaging in binge drinking (BD) using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG). Also, the associations of visual memory, evaluated by the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), and neural oscillation with FC during the resting state were investigated. The BD (<i>n</i> = 35) and non-BD (<i>n</i> = 35) groups were selected based on scores of the Korean version of the Alcohol use disorders (AUDs) Identification Test and the Alcohol Use Questionnaire. EEG was performed for 6 min while the participants rested with eyes closed. The theta, lower-alpha, and upper alpha powers did not differ between the BD and non-BD groups. Concerning FC, the BD group exhibited stronger theta coherence than that of the non-BD group, and in the lower and upper alpha bands, the BD group showed stronger coherence in some areas but weaker coherence in others compared with the non-BD group. However, these significant results were not observed after Bonferroni correction. The BD group showed significantly lower delayed recall scores on the RCFT than did the non-BD group. A positive correlation between the left prefrontal-parietal-occipital midline connection and performance on the delayed recall of the RCFT was observed in the BD group. The present results could suggest that binge drinkers have alterations in brain FC, which may be related to their visual memory deficits.
2006 IODC illumination design problem (2006)

For the first time, the IODC conference included a contest on Illumination Design along with the traditional Lens Design problem. The proposed problem aimed to find the best solution for a flux coupling problem with high-efficiency and close to the source to target etendue-matching situation. A total of eight valid solutions were submitted showing a variety of approaches, including rotational reflective optics, free-form surfaces, square-to-cross light pipe converters, projection lenses (from singlets to spherical symmetric non-homegeneous refractive index ones). The winning solution was submitted by Bill Cassarly.
Meningococcal serogroup B vaccines: will they live up to expectations? (2011)

The prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by serogroup B meningococci (MenB) has been the subject of intensive investigation. The MenB polysaccharide capsule is poorly immunogenic and...
Federated Learning Stability Under Byzantine Attacks (2022)

Federated Learning (FL) is a machine learning approach that enables private and decentralized model training. Although FL has been shown to be very useful in several applications, its privacy constraints cause a lack of model update transparency which makes it vulnerable to several types of attacks. In particular, based on detailed convergence analyses, we show in this paper that when the traditional model-combining scheme is used, even a single Byzantine node that keeps sending random reports will cause the whole FL model to diverge to non-useful solutions. A low complexity model combining approach is also proposed to stabilize the FL system and make it converge to a suboptimal solution just by controlling the model norm. The Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt extra-large electrocardiogram (PTB-XL ECG) dataset is used to validate the findings of this paper and show the efficiency of the proposed approach in identifying heart anomalies.
Reconstitution of biological molecular generators of electric current. H+-ATPase. (1976)

1. Generation of a transmembrane electric potential difference by oligomycin-sensitive ATPase complex, incorporated into spherical or planar phospholipid membrane, has been demonstrated. To this end, penetrating anion probe and direct voltmeter measurement of electric potential across phospholipid membrane were used. It was found that ATP-induced electric response is sensitive to oligomycin and protonophorous uncouplers. 2. The effect of variations in the phospholipid component of proteoliposomes on the electric generation was studied. It was revealed that the usage of mitochondrial phospholipids and phosphatidylethanolamine allows the highest values of membrane potential to be obtained in the case of ATPase proteoliposomes. In the case of cytochrome oxidase and bacteriorhodopsin proteoliposomes, phosphatidylserine was also shown to be quite suitable. Phosphatidylcholine was absolutely ineffective in all cases. 3. In proteoliposomes, containing both ATPase and bacteriorhodopsin, ATP and light induced generation of the electric field of the same direction. 4. In ATPase + cytochrome oxidase proteoliposomes, ATP hydrolysis and ascorbate oxidation was found to support electric generation of the same direction if cytochrome c was inside vesicles. Oxidation via external cytochrome c resulted in formation of electric field of the direction, opposite to that induced by ATP hydrolysis. 5. The data obtained in experiments with proteoliposomes of different types are discussed. The conclusion is made that conversion of energy of different resources into electric form is a common feature of membraneous energy transducers, which is in agreement with the Mitchellian principle of cellular energetics.
Compensation of interfacial states located inside the “buffer-free” GaSb/GaAs (001) heterojunction via δ-doping (2009)

We report the compensation of interfacial states formed by interfacial misfit dislocation (IMF) arrays via δ-doping. The IMF arrays are located inside the “buffer-free” heterojunction of GaSb/GaAs (001). The interfacial states are measured using surface photovoltage measurements and are positioned at 0.41, 0.49, and 0.61 eV. A higher reverse bias leakage current (IRB) was observed in the heterogeneous GaSb/GaAs IMF sample (73 μA at −5 V) compared to the homogeneous GaAs control sample (3.9 μA), which does not contain IMF. This increase in IRB is attributed to the interfacial states. Hence, the interfacial states are compensated by δ-doping the GaSb/GaAs interface using Te atoms. A low turn-on voltage of 0.85 V and a very low IRB of 0.1 nA were achieved for the δ-doped sample compared to the control and IMF samples. Hence, for optoelectronic applications, such as lasers, solar cells, and detectors, this compensated IMF technology is useful for integration of buffer-free III-Sb devices on an inexpensive GaAs platform.
Efficient and Safe Recipient Preparation for Transplantation of Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cells: Pretreating Testes with Heat Shock1 (2011)

Recipient preparation is of prime importance for the successful transplantation of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Busulfan destroys endogenous germs cells and is commonly used for recipient preparation. However, busulfan produces significant side effects, including systemic toxicity, and it is lethal in certain species. The side effects associated with busulfan compromise the efficiency of SSC transplantation and threaten the safety of recipients. Here, we show that heat shock treatment of testes can be used as an alternative to busulfan treatment. Fourteen days after heat shock treatment, mice received a testicular injection of donor germ cells expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). Busulfan-treated mice were used as controls. Two months after transplantation, the number (12 ± 1 mm) and length (30.46 ± 5.23 mm) of EGFP-expressing testicular colonies in heat shock-treated recipients were not significantly different from those in busulfan-treated recipients. Furthermore, healthy EGFP-expressing offspring were obtained after intracytoplasmic injection of round spermatids recovered from heat shock-treated recipients. This result indicates that donor SSCs undergo complete spermatogenesis in the heat shock-treated testes of recipients. Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of using heat shock for the preparation of recipients before SSC transplantation in mice. Heat shock may prove to be useful for recipient preparation in mammalian species in which busulfan produces significant toxicity.
Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer: Inhibition of Persistent Androgen Production and Androgen Receptor Mediated Signaling (2011)

Novel therapies for castration resistant prostate cancer that target persistent androgen production and androgen receptor mediated signaling have demonstrated promising activity in many men with castration resistant prostate cancer and may redefine the clinical management of these patients.
Boosting based object detection using a geometric model (2011)

In this paper we present a new method for automatic object detection in images and video sequences. As a classifier the popular Ad aBoost algorithm is used, that combines several weak classifiers into one strong classifier. To create a detector based on this classifier, the weak classifiers are set into relation during boosting by using a geometric model. All votes of the weak detectors are evaluated in a voting space. The voting space allows a detection with combinations of different object features. We trained and tested the proposed method with SIFT and kAS features and combinations of these. The learned detector is then used to localize objects in images and video sequences. The performance of the algorithm is examined based on selected image data.
Highly active and trans-1,4-specific polymerization of 1,3-butadiene catalyzed by bis(benzimidazolyl)amine chromium complexes activated with methylaluminoxane (2013)

일반식을 <TEX>$[N(CH_3)(CH_2)_2(Bm-R)_2]CrCl_3$</TEX> [여기에서 Bm = benzimidazolyl, R = H (3a); -Me(3b); -Bn(3c)]으로 나타낼 수 있는 일련의 세 다리 dibenzimidazolyl 리간드를 갖는 크롬(III) 착물을 합성, 메틸알루미녹산으로 활성화시켜 이를 부타디엔의 입체규칙성 중합을 통해 trans-1,4-polybutadiene을 제조하였다. 크롬 착물의 부타디엔 중합 활성은 리간드의 구조에 따라 달라졌으며, 활성은 3a > 3c > 3b 순으로 낮아졌다. 모든 착물을 이용하여 제조된 폴리부타디엔의 미세구조를 조사한 결과 거의 완벽한 trans-1,4 구조를 보였으며, 분자량도 비교적 높게 나타났다. A family of Cr(III) complexes supported on tridentate dibenzimidazolyl ligands having a general formula: <TEX>$[N(CH_3)(CH_2)_2(Bm-R)_2]CrCl_3$</TEX> [where Bm = benzimidazolyl, R = H (3a); -Me(3b); -Bn (3c)] have been synthesized and utilized them for the trans-1,4-specific polymerizations of 1,3-butadiene (BD), activated with methylalumoxane (MAO). The activity of BD polymerizations was sensitive to the type of ligand on the Cr metal, so that the activity decreases in the order of 3a > 3c > 3b. All the catalysts combined with MAO yielded polybutadienes with perfect trans-1,4 structure with moderate molecular weight.
Resonances, Displacement Currents, and Fields of High-Permittivity Material (HPM) Plate for Occipital Lobe Enhancement in 3T MRI (2021)

High-permittivity pads have been used to enhance MRI performed in high-field static magnets (1-4). Here we perform an evaluation of fields and displacement currents associated with resonances in a thin pad or plate of high-permittivity material (HPM) in order to formulate basic design principles.
Glucose‐lowering effects and mechanisms of the bile acid‐sequestering resin sevelamer (2018)

Sevelamer reduced plasma glucose concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes by mechanisms that seemed to involve decreased intestinal and hepatic bile acid-mediated farnesoid X receptor activation.
Antitumor Effect Sonodynamically Induced by Focused Ultrasound in Combination with Ga‐Porphyrin Complex (1998)

The antitumor effect of focused ultrasound in combination with Ga-porphyrin complex, 7,12-bis(1-decyloxyethyl)-Ga(III)-3,8,13,17 tetramethylporphyrin-2,18-dipropionyl diaspartic acid (ATX-70), on the growth of experimental murine tumors was examined. Walker 256 tumors implanted in rat kidneys were exposed in a progressive wave field for 5 min to focused ultrasound at 500 kHz with the second harmonic (at 1 MHz) superimposed after administration of ATX-70 to the rats. A significant antitumor effect was obtained at a focal-spot average acoustic intensity of 12 W/cm2 or higher with an ATX-70 dose of not less than 2.5 mg/kg. When the acoustic intensity was 8 W/cm2 or lower, no significant effect was observed even at an ATX-70 dose of 2.5 mg/kg. Also when the ATX-70 dose was 1.0 mg/kg or lower, no significant effect was observed even at a focal-spot average acoustic intensity of 40 W/cm2.
Feature extraction in human speech recognition (2000)

In 1955 George Miller and Patricia Nicely explored the human speech code and discovered that a five-channel feature code is used to extract phonemes from speech. Their mutual information analysis of the confusion matrices of filtered noisy speech showed that the five channels were virtually independent of each other, accounting for the robustness of speech communication quantified by Miller, Heise, and Lichten in 1951. While the 1955 analysis was a major step forward, it did not lead to practical results, since there are no known methods for extracting these features from the speech. This weakness is the basis of the present research program, to define the signal processing required to robustly extract features from narrow bands of speech. Our emphasis is to work in narrow bands, starting from critical bands. In this paper we discuss the first step of this process, which is to measure (a) the jnd for the detection of speech in noise and (b) the jnd for residue pitch given narrow bands of speech in noise. We have been investigating these features with the ultimate goal of trying to build a speech recognition machine based on distinctive feature signal processing.
Pointless curves of genus three and four (2004)

A curve over a field k is pointless if it has no k-rational points. We show that there exist pointless genus-3 hyperelliptic curves over a finite field F_q if and only if q &lt; 26, that there exist pointless smooth plane quartics over F_q if and only if either q &lt; 24 or q = 29 or q = 32, and that there exist pointless genus-4 curves over F_q if and only if q &lt; 50.
Chirospecific synthesis of (1S,3R)-1-amino-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentane, precursor for carbocyclic nucleoside synthesis. Dieckmann cyclization with an .alpha.-amino acid (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChirospecific synthesis of (1S,3R)-1-amino-3-(hydroxymethyl)cyclopentane, precursor for carbocyclic nucleoside synthesis. Dieckmann cyclization with an .alpha.-amino acidStephen C. Bergmeier, Agustin A. Cobas, and Henry RapoportCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 9, 2369–2376Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00061a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00061a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2396Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
40 Gb/s high-speed silicon modulator for TE and TM polarisation (2011)

The workhorse of future high speed short reach interconnect technology will be the optical modulator. These devices in silicon have experienced dramatic improvements over the last 6 years and the modulation bandwidth has increased from a few tens of MHz to over 30 GHz. However, the demands of optical interconnects are significant. Hence, the need for devices with compact real estate, broadband characteristics, operating at high speed and working for both polarisation is of outmost importance. Here we describe the approach taken at Surrey to meet these requirements from the early days to the more recent work where some initial data are introduced. The recent all-silicon optical modulator uses a CMOS compatible fabrication and demonstrates high data rate with large extinction ratio for TE and TM polarisations. This technology is not only compatible with conventional complementary MOS (CMOS) processing, but is also intended to facilitate a high yield, reliable fabrication process.
Molecular Genetics of Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (1997)

Most higher plants assimilate atmospheric CO2 through the C3 pathway of photosynthesis using ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). However, when CO2 availability is reduced by environmental stress conditions, the incomplete discrimination of CO2 over O2 by Rubisco leads to increased photorespiration, a process that reduces the efficiency of C3 photosynthesis. To overcome the wasteful process of photorespiration, approximately 10% of higher plant species have evolved two alternate strategies for photosynthetic CO2 assimilation, C4 photosynthesis and Crassulacean acid metabolism. Both of these biochemical pathways employ a "CO2 pump" to elevate intracellular CO2 concentrations in the vicinity of Rubisco, suppressing photorespiration and therefore improving the competitiveness of these plants under conditions of high light intensity, high temperature, or low water availability. This CO2 pump consists of a primary carboxylating enzyme, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase. In C4 plants, this CO2-concentrating mechanism is achieved by the coordination of two carboxylating reactions that are spatially separated into mesophyll and bundle-sheath cell types (for review, see R.T. Furbank, W.C. Taylor [1995] Plant Cell 7: 797-807;M.S.B. Ku, Y. Kano-Murakami, M. Matsuoka [1996] Plant Physiol 111: 949-957). In contrast, Crassulacean acid metabolism plants perform both carboxylation reactions within one cell type, but the two reactions are separated in time. Both pathways involve cell-specific changes in the expression of many genes that are not present in C3 plants.