gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LDPC-Coded 16-Dimensional Modulation Based on the Nordstrom-Robinson Nonlinear Block Code (2015)

We propose a new high-dimensional modulation (HDM) format, based on the Nordstrom-Robinson code, which is the best-known nonlinear block code in 16 dimensions. With EXIT chart, we optimize LDPC codes for various HDM formats, and show their benefits.
Study on 3GPP Rural Macrocell Path Loss Models for Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications (2017)

Little research has been done to reliably model millimeter wave (mmWave) path loss in rural macrocell settings, yet, models have been hastily adopted without substantial empirical evidence. This paper studies past rural macrocell (RMa) path loss models and exposes concerns with the current 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TR 38.900 (Release 14) RMa path loss models adopted from the International Telecommunications Union - Radiocommunications (ITU-R) Sector. This paper shows how the 3GPP RMa large-scale path loss models were derived for frequencies below 6 GHz, yet they are being asserted for use up to 30 GHz, even though there has not been sufficient work or published data to support their validity at frequencies above 6 GHz or in the mmWave bands. We present the background of the 3GPP RMa path loss models and their use of odd correction factors not suitable for rural scenarios, and show that the multi-frequency close-in free space reference distance (CI) path loss model is more accurate and reliable than current 3GPP and ITU-R RMa models. Using field data and simulations, we introduce a new close-in free space reference distance with height dependent path loss exponent model (CIH), that predicts rural macrocell path loss using an effective path loss exponent that is a function of base station antenna height. This work shows the CI and CIH models can be used from 500 MHz to 100 GHz for rural mmWave coverage and interference analysis, without any discontinuity at 6 GHz as exists in today's 3GPP and ITU-R RMa models.
Descending Variance Graphs for Segmenting Neurological Structures (2013)

We present a novel and relatively simple method for clustering pixels into homogeneous patches using a directed graph of edges between neighboring pixels. For a 2D image, the mean and variance of image intensity is computed within a circular region centered at each pixel. Each pixel stores its circle's mean and variance, and forms the node in a graph, with possible edges to its 4 immediate neighbors. If at least one of those neighbors has a lower variance than itself, a directed edge is formed, pointing to the neighbor with the lowest variance. Local minima in variance thus form the roots of disjoint trees, representing patches of relative homogeneity. The method works in n-dimensions and requires only a single parameter: the radius of the circular (spherical, or hyper spherical) regions used to compute variance around each pixel. Setting the intensity of all pixels within a given patch to the mean at its root pixel significantly reduces image noise while preserving anatomical structure, including location of boundaries. The patches may themselves be clustered using techniques that would be computationally too expensive if applied to the raw pixels. We demonstrate such clustering to identify fascicles in the median nerve in high-resolution 2D ultrasound images, as well as white matter hyper intensities in 3D magnetic resonance images.
Origin and diversification of the plasminogen activation system among chordates (2019)

This study identifies several primitive orthologues of the mammalian plasminogen activation system. These ancestral forms provide clues to the origin and diversification of this enzyme system. Further, the discovery of several members-hitherto unknown in mammals-provide new perspectives on the evolution of this important enzyme system.
Aerosol delivery to intubated patients (2013)

As aerosol deposition has increased with newer technologies from 1 - 3% up to 30 - 60%, there exists an opportunity to develop drugs to better treat these sickest of patients and address the current unmet medical need.
Colloidal cholesteric liquid crystal in spherical confinement (2016)

The organization of nanoparticles in constrained geometries is an area of fundamental and practical importance. Spherical confinement of nanocolloids leads to new modes of packing, self-assembly, phase separation and relaxation of colloidal liquids; however, it remains an unexplored area of research for colloidal liquid crystals. Here we report the organization of cholesteric liquid crystal formed by nanorods in spherical droplets. For cholesteric suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals, with progressive confinement, we observe phase separation into a micrometer-size isotropic droplet core and a cholesteric shell formed by concentric nanocrystal layers. Further confinement results in a transition to a bipolar planar cholesteric morphology. The distribution of polymer, metal, carbon or metal oxide nanoparticles in the droplets is governed by the nanoparticle size and yields cholesteric droplets exhibiting fluorescence, plasmonic properties and magnetic actuation. This work advances our understanding of how the interplay of order, confinement and topological defects affects the morphology of soft matter.
Cooperative synchronization and channel estimation in wireless sensor networks (2005)

A critical issue in applications involving networks of wireless sensors is their ability to synchronize, and mitigate the fading propagation channel effects. Especially when distributed “slave” sensors (nodes) reach-back to communicate with the “master” sensor (gateway), low power cooperative schemes are well motivated. Viewing each node as an antenna element in a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) multi-antenna system, we design pilot patterns to estimate the multiple carrier frequency offsets (CFO), and the multiple channels corresponding to each node-gateway link. Our novel pilot scheme consists of non-zero pilot symbols along with zeros, which separate nodes in a time division multiple access (TDMA) fashion, and lead to low complexity schemes because CFO and channel estimators per node are decoupled. The resulting training algorithm is not only suitable for wireless sensor networks, but also for synchronization and channel estimation of single- and multi-carrier MIMO systems. We investigate the performance of our estimators analytically, and with simulations.
The interplay between IGF-1R signaling and Hippo-YAP in breast cancer stem cells (2023)

YAP contributes to stemness features of breast cancer in vitro and in vivo. The expression and localization of YAP was regulated by IGF-1R and YAP expression in turns upregulates IGF-1, but not IGF-1R. Clinically, higher level of YAP and IGF-1 significantly correlated with shorter OS in basal-like breast cancer. Taken together, these findings suggest the clinical relevance of interplay between YAP and IGF-1/IGF-1R pathway in sustaining the properties of BCSCs. Video Abstract.
Electrochemical Investigations on Liquid-State Polymerizing Systems:  Case of Sol−Gel Polymerization of Transition Metal Alkoxides (1998)

The polymerization kinetics of zirconium propoxide (and in a few cases of titanium butoxide) were studied in various conditions by following the diffusion of an electroactive probe attached to the metal center. Two different probes were considered, implying the complexation of the metal alkoxides with bidentate ligands functionalized by ferrocene moeties, respectively, a substituted acetylacetone (acac) ligand, and a stronger complexing ligand as a salicylate ligand. The polymerization kinetics can be followed with good accuracy on a real time scale by investigating the variation of the diffusion coefficients of the bounded ferrocenes. This variation can be related to the mass increase of the oligomers formed during the hydrolysis/condensation process. Electrochemical probing with the functionalized acac ligand shows that some decomplexation of the ligand occurs during the polymerization process. On the contrary, the salicylate ligand was irreversibly linked to the metal centers for the alkoxide precursor and also for the larger formed oxopolymers, allowing an accurate measurement of the mass variation of the electroactive species. The electrochemical results have been compared with information provided by other techniques. The influence of the electron self-exchange reaction between species with different diffusion coefficients on the measured diffusion coefficient was considered in the global analysis.
Flattening the Abdominal Aortic Tree for Effective Visualization (2006)

We developed a novel visualization method for providing an uncluttered view of the abdominal aorta and its branches. The method abstracts the complex geometry of vessels using a convex primitive, and uses a sweep line algorithm to find a suboptimal placement of the primitive. The method was evaluated using 10 CT angiography datasets and resulted in a clear visualization with all cluttering intersections removed. The method can be used to convey clinical findings, including lumen patency and lesion locations, in a single two-dimensional image.
Pulmonary atelectasis: signal patterns with MR imaging. (1991)

To assess the signal characteristics of different types of pulmonary atelectasis on magnetic resonance (MR) images, the authors studied obstructive atelectasis (OA) in 17 patients and nonobstructive atelectasis (NOA) in 25 patients. All patients underwent electrocardiographically gated MR imaging studies of the thorax with standard spin-echo sequences. No signal differences were observed between either type of atelectasis on T1-weighted images. Conversely, OA and NOA appeared significantly different on spin-density-weighted images (P less than .001) and on T2-weighted studies (P less than .0001). On T2-weighted images, all 17 cases of OA appeared hyperintense, whereas 22 of 25 cases of NOA demonstrated a very low signal intensity. Differences in the pathophysiology of OA and NOA presumably account for this observation. In OA, alveolar air is totally resorbed and secretions accumulate in the obstructed lung. The resulting increase in free fluid prolongs the T2 relaxation times and leads to high signal intensity on T2-weighted images. In NOA, the short T2 relaxation time of lung tissue in the absence of secretions and potential magnetic susceptibility effects due to residual air are likely to be responsible for the low T2 signal pattern.
Directional atherectomy for long lesions: improved results. (1993)

The percutaneous treatment of complex stenoses, specifically long lesions, has improved substantially during the past decade. To determine the success of directional atherectomy in the treatment of long lesions, a cohort of 88 patients with lesions greater than 10 mm were evaluated and compared to 376 patients with long lesions treated with conventional balloon angioplasty. Directional atherectomy was successful in 97% and PTCA was successful in 93% of patients with long lesions. There were no differences in complication rates for these cohorts (< 2%). Directional atherectomy and PTCA appear to have safely and successfully broadened the percutaneous treatment of coronary disease to include long coronary stenoses.
The Bacterial Gq Signal Transduction Inhibitor FR900359 Impairs Soil-Associated Nematodes (2023)

Abstract The cyclic depsipeptide FR900359 (FR) is derived from the soil bacterium Chromobacterium vaccinii and known to bind G q proteins of mammals and insects, thereby abolishing the signal transduction of their G q protein-coupled receptors, a process that leads to severe physiological consequences. Due to their highly conserved structure, G q family of proteins are a superior ecological target for FR producing organisms, resulting in a defense towards a broad range of harmful organisms. Here, we focus on the question whether bacteria like C. vaccinii are important factors in soil in that their secondary metabolites impair, e.g., plant harming organisms like nematodes. We prove that the G q inhibitor FR is produced under soil-like conditions. Furthermore, FR inhibits heterologously expressed Gα q proteins of the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Heterodera schachtii in the micromolar range. Additionally, in vivo experiments with C. elegans and the plant parasitic cyst nematode H. schachtii demonstrated that FR reduces locomotion of C. elegans and H. schachtii . Finally, egg-laying of C. elegans and hatching of juvenile stage 2 of H. schachtii from its cysts is inhibited by FR, suggesting that FR might reduce nematode dispersion and proliferation. This study supports the idea that C. vaccinii and its excreted metabolome in the soil might contribute to an ecological equilibrium, maintaining and establishing the successful growth of plants.
Binding of adenosine deaminase to the lymphocyte surface via CD26 (1994)

The relationship between CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV, an ectopeptidase involved in T cell activation, and the binding protein for adenosine deaminase (ADAbp) was studied. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CD26 and ADAbp, respectively, showed a similar binding profile on various lymphocyte subsets from the peripheral blood. The adenosine deaminase (ADA) itself blocked the binding of a specific set of anti-CD26 mAb (among these the anti-TA5.9 mAb) on lymphocytic CD26; ADA also hindered the binding of soluble CD26 to the same immobilized anti-CD26 mAb. In addition, the interaction between immobilized ADA and purified CD26/DPP IV was inhibited by the anti-TA5.9 mAb. ADA did not inhibit the specific peptidase activity of CD26. Neither soluble nor immobilized ADA was able to down-modulate CD26 on the lymphocyte surface. Our data thus confirm the identity between ADAbp and CD26 and identify some epitopes, crucial in the binding of ADA to CD26.
5‐Amino‐2H‐pyran‐3(6H)‐one, 1, a Convenient Intermediate in the Synthesis of Pyran Containing 1,4‐Dihydropyridines (2004)

Abstract 5‐Amino‐2H‐pyran‐3(6H)‐one, 1, is a novel intermediate that is useful in the synthesis of pyran containing dihydropyridines. The synthesis and use of 1 will be discussed.
Modelling of coupling screw in cylindrical multimodal cavity filters (2003)

International audience
A Cable-Driven Human Assistive System and Its Impedance Compensation by Sensor Fusion (2010)

A cable-driven actuating system is proposed in this paper. The proposed system is attractive for human assistive devices because the weight of the actuator is not imposed on the human body. Since the end-effector and the actuators are connected by cables in flexible tubes, the humans are allowed to freely move in a certain range while being assisted. However, it is a challenge to account for the variable friction in the flexible tube and the inertia and friction of the actuator in the design of control algorithms. In this paper, a hierarchical control strategy is adopted to control the proposed cable-driven assistive system. To determine the reference trajectory of the motor in real-time, a sensor fusion method based on a kinematic Kalman filter with MEMS accelerometers is applied. By the proposed control methods, the proposed cable-driven system realizes a precise force-mode actuation.
Optical elements as computational devices for low-power sensing and imaging (2017)

Special optical devices such as diffraction gratings and metamaterial surfaces can bear some of the computational burden in computational sensing and imaging, thereby reducing digital processing or pixel count and thus reducing overall electrical power dissipation.
Measurement Technique for Symmetrical Reciprocal Three-Port Devices Using Two-Port Vector Network Analyzer (2013)

A measurement technique is proposed to conduct S-parameter measurements on symmetrical reciprocal three-port devices using a two-port vector network analyzer. The technique takes the effects of reflection from an unmeasured port terminated with a non-ideal 50-Ω load into consideration. These reflected signals cause errors in S-parameter measurements, especially at higher frequencies where the reflection is too large to be ignored. The errors have been overlooked in the traditional three-port measurement using two-port network analyzers. In this paper, analytic equations are presented for some common symmetrical reciprocal three-port devices to improve the accuracy of their S-parameter measurements. The improvement is justified by comparing the data before/after applying the proposed technique with the measured data from four-port vector network analyzers. In addition, error analysis is conducted to ensure that the errors introduced by vector network analyzers would not be deteriorated by the proposed equations.
Mechanism of the elevation in cardiolipin during HeLa cell entry into the S-phase of the human cell cycle (2008)

CL (cardiolipin) is a key phospholipid involved in ATP generation. Since progression through the cell cycle requires ATP we examined regulation of CL synthesis during S-phase in human cells and investigated whether CL or CL synthesis was required to support nucleotide synthesis in S-phase. HeLa cells were made quiescent by serum depletion for 24 h. Serum addition resulted in substantial stimulation of [methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation into cells compared with serum-starved cells by 8 h, confirming entry into the S-phase. CL mass was unaltered at 8 h, but increased 2-fold by 16 h post-serum addition compared with serum-starved cells. The reason for the increase in CL mass upon entry into S-phase was an increase in activity and expression of CL de novo biosynthetic and remodelling enzymes and this paralleled the increase in mitochondrial mass. CL de novo biosynthesis from D-[U-(14)C]glucose was elevated, and from [1,3-(3)H]glycerol reduced, upon serum addition to quiescent cells compared with controls and this was a result of differences in the selection of precursor pools at the level of uptake. Triascin C treatment inhibited CL synthesis from [1-(14)C]oleate but did not affect [methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation into HeLa cells upon serum addition to serum-starved cells. Barth Syndrome lymphoblasts, which exhibit reduced CL, showed similar [methyl-(3)H]thymidine incorporation into cells upon serum addition to serum-starved cells compared with cells from normal aged-matched controls. The results indicate that CL de novo biosynthesis is up-regulated via elevated activity and expression of CL biosynthetic genes and this accounted for the doubling of CL seen during S-phase; however, normal de novo CL biosynthesis or CL itself is not essential to support nucleotide synthesis during entry into S-phase of the human cell cycle.
Experimental Investigation of a Direct-Drive Hall Thruster and Solar Array System (2014)

Studies of high-power solar electric propulsion systems (i.e., tens to hundreds of kilowatts) suggest that significant mass savings may be realized by implementing direct-drive power systems. The National Direct-Drive Testbed was established to address issues associated with implementation of direct drive, and experimental results at power levels up to 10 kW are reported here. Hall thruster operation and control were shown to be simple and no different from that for operation on conventional power supplies. Thruster oscillations were the same as those for conventional power supplies, did not adversely affect solar array operation, and were independent of filter capacitance from 8 to . Solar array current and voltage oscillations were very small compared to their mean values and showed a modest dependence on capacitor size. Significantly, no instabilities or anomalous behavior were observed in the thruster or power system at any operating condition investigated, including near and at the array peak power point. Thruster startup using the anode propellant flow as the power “switch” was shown to be simple and reliable, with system transients mitigated by the proper selection of filter capacitance size. A simple electrical circuit model was developed and is shown to have good agreement with the experimental data.
Predicting recurrence risks in lung cancer patients using multimodal radiomics and random survival forests (2022)

Our radiomic model, consisting of stage and tumor, peritumoral, and bone marrow features from CT and FDG PET-CT significantly stratified patients into low- and high-risk of recurrence/progression.
Effects of stocking rate and feeder-trough space on pig performance in wean-to-finish production systems (2002)

Wean-to-finish production, which involves taking pigs from weaning to slaughter in the same building, is becoming widely adopted in the US swine industry. This production system is being advocated largely because of claims of improved animal performance and a decrease in labor needed for animal movement compared to conventional multiple-stage systems. One of the potential disadvantages of this system is the considerable underutilization of floor space during the early growth period if pigs are penned in the group sizes that are appropriate for finishing pigs. However, increasing the stocking rate initially at weaning, with some of these pigs subsequently being moved to another finishing facility, may increase output from the system. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate effects of initial stocking rate and of feeder-trough space in commercial wean-to-finish facilities on pig performance from weaning to slaughter.
Beyond 3G: Metamaterials application to the air interface (2007)

We have presented the first metamaterial MIMO antenna array implemented in a commercially available 802.1 In wireless LAN access point. Despite the extremely small size of the metamaterial array, its performance equals that of the much larger conventional antenna solution. The metamaterial antenna array utilized existing PCB fabrication technology and was readily integrated into the access point.
Analysis of Weld Formation in Multilayer Ultrasonic Metal Welding Using High-Speed Images (2015)

One of the major challenges in manufacturing automotive lithium-ion batteries and battery packs is to achieve consistent weld quality in joining multiple layers of dissimilar materials. While most fusion welding processes face difficulties in such joining, ultrasonic welding stands out as the ideal method. However, inconsistency of weld quality still exists because of limited knowledge on the weld formation through the multiple interfaces. This study aims to establish real-time phenomenological observation on the multilayer ultrasonic welding process by analyzing the vibration behavior of metal layers. Such behavior is characterized by a direct measurement of the lateral displacement of each metal layer using high-speed images. Two different weld tools are used in order to investigate the effect of tool geometry on the weld formation mechanism and the overall joint quality. A series of microscopies and bond density measurements is carried out to validate the observations and hypotheses of those phenomena in multilayer ultrasonic welding. The results of this study enhance the understanding of the ultrasonic welding process of multiple metal sheets and provide insights for optimum tool design to improve the quality of multilayer joints.
Model building of a thermolysin-like protease by mutagenesis (1997)

The present study concerns the use of site-directed mutagenesis experiments to optimize a three-dimensional model of the neutral protease of Bacillus subtilis (NP-sub). An initial model of NP-sub was constructed using the crystal structures of the homologous neutral proteases of Bacillus thermoproteolyticus (thermolysin) and Bacillus cereus as templates. The largest portion of NP-sub could be modelled satisfactorily, using standard techniques, but several surface-located regions could only be modelled with a high degree of uncertainty. In order to make the model more reliable in these regions a 'model building by mutagenesis' approach was adopted. Mutations were designed such that their effect on thermal stability could indicate how their local environment should be modelled. This approach provided insight in the local structure of several regions in NP-sub that were hard to model on the basis of homology with the two known structures alone.