gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pain phenotypes classified by machine learning using electroencephalography features (2020)

Pain is a multidimensional experience mediated by distributed neural networks in the brain. To study this phenomenon, EEGs were collected from 20 subjects with chronic lumbar radiculopathy, 20 age and gender matched healthy subjects, and 17 subjects with chronic lumbar pain scheduled to receive an implanted spinal cord stimulator. Analysis of power spectral density, coherence, and phase-amplitude coupling using conventional statistics showed that there were no significant differences between the radiculopathy and control groups after correcting for multiple comparisons. However, analysis of transient spectral events showed that there were differences between these two groups in terms of the number, power, and frequency-span of events in a low gamma band. Finally, we trained a binary support vector machine to classify radiculopathy versus healthy subjects, as well as a 3-way classifier for subjects in the 3 groups. Both classifiers performed significantly better than chance, indicating that EEG features contain relevant information pertaining to sensory states, and may be used to help distinguish between pain states when other clinical signs are inconclusive.
An Enhanced Autorate Algorithm for Wireless Local Area Networks Employing Loss Differentiation (2008)

Channel conditions in wireless local area networks (WLANs) are variable due to mobility and interference. Autorate algorithms are commonly used in WLANs to maximize the data rate over the variable physical channel. However, the widely used automatic rate fallback (ARF) algorithm does not work properly in the presence of multiaccess collisions due to its inability to differentiate frame losses caused by link errors from those caused by collisions. This paper proposes an improved ARF algorithm that is capable of differentiating between these two types of losses with minimal modifications to the existing medium access control protocol. The performance evaluations show substantial throughput improvements over ARF and other existing algorithms.
MIMO Schemes in UTRA LTE, A Comparison (2008)

The long term evolution of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) Terrestrial Radio Access, abbreviated as UTRA LTE, will be based on OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing). Furthermore, MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) techniques have been considered as a means for the improvement of wireless connectivity. In wireless systems, high data rates in the downlink are desirable: Furthermore, with respect to an efficient implementation, the downlink requires a thorough assessment. In particular, the Alamouti and the V-BLAST (Vertical Bell Labs Layered Space Time) schemes are seen as interesting concepts. In this communication, the authors will compare these two MIMO schemes w.r.t. the achievable performance in the UTRA LTE downlink using up to two transmit and two receive antennas. Furthermore, the authors will discuss the deployment of spatial multiplexing in the UTRA LTE downlink and will show that the performance of successive interference cancellation (SIC) based data detection techniques for MIMO-OFDM is beneficial.
Power optimization of technology-dependent circuits based on symbolic computation of logic implications (2000)

This paper presents a novel approach to the problem of optimizing combinational circuits for low power. The method is inspired by the fact that power analysis performed on a technology mapped network gives more realistic estimates than it would at the technology-independent level. After each node's switching activity in the circuit is determined, high-power nodes are eliminated through redundancy addition and removal. To do so, the nodes are sorted according to their switching activity, they are considered one at a time, and learning is used to identify direct and indirect logic implications inside the network. These logic implications are exploited to add gates and connections to the circuit; this may help in eliminating high-power dissipating nodes, thus reducing the total switching activity and power dissipation of the entire circuit. The process is iterative; each iteration starts with a different target node. The end result is a circuit with a decreased switching power. Besides the general optimization algorithm, we propose a new BDD-based method for computing satisfiability and observability implications in a logic network; futhermore, we present heuristic techniques to add and remove redundancy at the technology-dependent level, that is, restructure the logic in selected places without destroying the topology of the mapped circuit. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed technique. On average, power is reduced by 34%, and up to a 64% reduction of power is possible, with a negligible increase in the circuit delay.
MCFQ: Leveraging Memory-level Parallelism and Application's Cache Friendliness for Efficient Management of Quasi-partitioned Last-level Caches (2011)

To achieve high efficiency and prevent destructive interference among multiple divergent workloads, the last-level cache of Chip Multiprocessors has to be carefully managed. Previously proposed cache management schemes suffer from inefficient cache capacity utilization, by either focusing on improving the absolute number of cache misses or by allocating cache capacity without taking into consideration the applications' memory sharing characteristics. In this work we propose a quasi-partitioning scheme for last-level caches, MCFQ, that combines the memory-level parallelism, cache friendliness and interference sensitivity of competing applications, to efficiently manage the shared cache capacity. The proposed scheme improves both system throughput and execution fairness -- outperforming previous schemes that are oblivious to applications' memory behavior. Our detailed, full-system simulations showed an average improvement of 10% in throughput and 9% in fairness over the next best scheme for a 4-core CMP system.
Reflection aspherical microlenses for planar optics fabricated by electron-beam lithography (1992)

Reflection aspherical microlenses are proposed for planar optics. These microlenses have the structure of a nonconcentric elliptical concave mirror. Broadband light can be used for these microlenses because these microlenses have no chromatic aberration. The microlens fabricated by electron-beam lithography and Ag deposition was found to have a smooth surface as designed. The focal length of the microlens was constant independent of the wavelength. The measured spot sizes agreed with diffraction-limited values at two different wavelengths. By using the array of this microlens, multiple images with excellent contrast were obtained under incoherent white-light illumination.
Influence of process and device design on ESD sensitivity of a Silicon Germanium heterojunction bipolar transistor (2001)

Emitter-base design has a significant influence on both the device performance and ESD sensitivity of silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors. HBM and TLP emitter-base measurements of a ldquoself-alignedrdquo and ldquonon-self alignedrdquo SiGe HBT device is shown for the first time. The evaluation of process variations and device design spacings on ESD robustness is evaluated for both positive and negative stress conditions as a function of the salicide location, emitter-base spacing, and collector opening.
384 nm AlGaN Diode Lasers on Relaxed Semipolar Buffers (2012)

We report operation of AlGaN laser diodes grown on semipolar buffer layers partially relaxed by misfit dislocation formation at heterointerfaces remote from the active region. This approach offers a pathway to mid-UV AlGaN based lasers.
Association of Neonatal Hypoglycemia With Academic Performance in Mid-Childhood (2022)

Among participants at risk of neonatal hypoglycemia who were screened and treated if needed, exposure to neonatal hypoglycemia compared with no such exposure was not significantly associated with lower educational achievement in mid-childhood.
Supplementary Figure 5 from R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 5 from R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer
A model for decision problems with continuous time parameter (1975)

Abstract The concept of statistical decision theory concerning sequential observations is generalized to decision problems, which are based upon a continuous stochastic process. In this model decision functions are introduced, consisting of a stopping time and a terminal decision rule. A method of discretization shows the connections between the discrete sequential and the continuous model. Concerning Bayes problems we find, that under certain assumptions the decision problem can be viewed as an optimal stopping problem with continuous time parameter.
Guest Editorial: Big Media Data: Understanding, Search, and Mining (Part 2) (2015)

The articles in this special section focus on Big Data. In the first part of this special issue, we have introduced three papers on large scale similar image search, image search quality improvement, and semi-supervised multi-label image annotation. This second part of this special issue includes two examples on large scale visual retrieval. The contributions cover two themes: visual semantic relationship learning and large scale indexing.
Near- and mid- infrared group IV photonics (2016)

Silicon photonics is seen by many to be the solution to the capacity crunch faced by the communications industry. Global sales of silicon photonics products are predicted to be reach US$1 billion by 2020 [1]. The key factors in the predicted success of this technology are integration, and the ability to mass produce products at a low cost, due to its compatibility with CMOS electronics technology. Silicon photonics circuits typically operate at a wavelength of 1.55 µm due to the low loss of optical fibres at this wavelength. To this end, this presentation discusses a novel method of growing single crystal, tuneable composition silicon-germanium-on-insulator by rapid melt growth, with the aim of fabricating extremely low power electro-absorption modulators at a range of wavelengths close to 1.55 µm, enabling dramatic expansion of datalink capacity through the use of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) [2]. The range of localised uniform composition SiGe layers are formed using only a single growth and single anneal step, as shown in Fig.1.<br/><br/>Additionally, the extension of silicon photonics into the mid-infrared wavelengths (2 µm and beyond) is discussed. Some basic passive components required for optical circuits are demonstrated, including multi-mode interferometers (MMI), as shown in Fig. 2. Furthermore, the feasibility of fabricating active devices in a Ge-on-Si platform is discussed [3].
Optimization studies of materials for optically controlled semiconductor switches (2005)

Optimization studies of semiconductor materials for a bulk optically controlled semiconductor switch (BOSS) are reported. Cu compensated Si doped GaAs (GaAs:Si:Cu) has been chosen as the switch material. Simulation studies are performed on several GaAs switch systems, composed of different densities of Cu, to investigate the influence of deep traps in the switch systems. The computed results demonstrates two important aspect of the BOSS, the existance of long "tail" conductivity (on-state) and fast optical quenching (turn-off). Some important parameters such as tail conductivity saturation and optimum Cu density for the BOSS are determined.
Rheology of plastisol formulations for coating applications (2016)

A plastisol is a suspension of PVC particles and mineral fillers in a liquid phase composed of plasticizer and adjuvants. Plastisol formulations are commonly used in coating processes for flooring application. In the knife‐over‐roll process, they are subjected to a wide range of shear rates (0–10 5 s −1 ). They are adjusted in order to fulfil the target end‐use properties but their processability depends on their rheology. Plastisol based on three PVC resins with or without mineral filler have been investigated using a Couette device and a capillary rheometer. Results show a high impact of PVC particle content, particle sizes and distribution on rheology: a polydisperse formulation displays a shear‐thinning behavior in the whole shear rates range and exhibits yield stress; a monodisperse formulation shows a shear thinning behavior at low shear rate, followed by a Newtonian plateau, then a more or less pronounced dilatancy peak depending on plasticizer rate and finally another shear‐thinning behavior; a bidisperse resin stands in between. Filler content also impacts the rheology: shear thickening effects at intermediate shear rates decrease or even disappear; however, the viscosity increase is important for low shear rates and depends on the filler particle size and particle size distribution. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 57:982–988, 2017. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
[Factors influencing the satisfaction of demands on services for elderly with visual disability]. (2014)

The DS degree of older adults with visual disability was generally very low while factors as: per capita household income, situation on social insurance, age, degree of disability, age when disability was identified, areas of residence, gender, grade of disability, marriage status, levels of education etc., were significantly associated with the service on DS.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐LITHIUM ALKYLS OF α‐TRIMETHYLSILYL‐P‐XYLENES AND THE SYNTHESIS OF P‐C6H4(CH2SNME3)2 FROM A NEW DI‐GRIGNARD REAGENT: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF α,α′‐BIS((N,N,N′,N′‐TETRAMETHYLETHYLENEDIAMINE)LITHIO)‐α,.ALP# HA.′‐BIS(TRIMETHYLSILYL)‐P‐XYLENE (1984)

Abstract Die Metallierung von p‐Xylol (VI) und seinen α‐silylierten Derivaten (I), (V) und (VII) mit n‐Butyl‐Li in Gegenwart von Tetramethylethylendiamin oder Pentamethyldiethylentriamin erfolgt selektiv an den α‐C‐Atomen und ist abhängig vom Grad der (lt‐Substitution und vom tert. Amin.
Platelet Mimetic Particles for Targeting Thrombi in Flowing Blood (2012)

Platelets are a paradigm for a drug carrier in blood owing to their unique physical and biochemical properties. Here, we report the development of synthetic particles that mimic several physical features and important functional properties of platelets. These synthetic platelets have therapeutic and diagnostic applications for platelet associated disorders. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Discovery of a Highly Selective in vitro and in vivo M1 Allosteric Agonist Probe (2010)

Previous attempts to develop compounds that are highly selective for M1 or other specific muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtypes have failed because of the high conservation of the ACh binding site and difficulty in developing truly specific compounds. Basic and clinical studies suggest that mAChR activation has the potential to be disease modifying, as well as to provide palliative cognitive therapy. Probes developed from these efforts will greatly advance the current state of the art by aiding in the understanding of M1's role in cell-based physiology and may extend the clinical understanding of psychotic and cognitive symptoms associated with neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's Disease and schizophrenia. This probe report describes ML071 (CID-25010775), a highly selective, potent M1 agonist that activates M1 by virtue of binding at an allosteric site in the third extracellular loop of the M1 receptor. The compound represents a best in class probe that provides unprecedented mAChR selectivity, clean ancillary pharmacology, saline solubility, and central penetrance. Furthermore, it can be employed for in vitro and in vivo studies to examine the role of selective M1 receptor activation.
Stereoselective Synthesis of C‐ and N‐Ketosides by Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed C‐ and N‐Glycosidation of Alkynyl, Phenyl, and Methyl Ketoses (2003)

Abstract C‐Ketosides can be prepared conveniently, in a stereoselective manner, from alkynyl, phenyl and methyl glucopyranose hemiketals by reaction with carbon nucleophiles in the presence of Lewis acids. The reaction of the hemiketals with trimethylsilyl azide provides an efficient route to the corresponding N‐ketopyranosides. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Control of Magnetic Anisotropy by Lattice Distortion in Cobalt Ferrite Thin Film (2018)

We have investigated the properties of cobalt ferrite (CFO)(001) epitaxial thin films grown by RF magnetron sputtering method on various buffer layers to induce large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) through the magneto-elastic effect. Among five different compounds examined as the buffer layers, we found that only CFO thin films grown on (Mg, Sn) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> buffer layers showed a strong PMA, and the value of the saturation magnetization was 460 emu/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , which is larger than the 425 emu/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for bulk CFO. Torque measurements revealed the PMA energy K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">u</sub> = 24.6 Merg/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> at room temperature, which is extraordinarily large for a ferromagnetic oxide.
Wettability Enhancement of Aluminum Alloys via Plasma Arc Discharge (2012)

The aim of this study is to determine the wettability-enhancing effects of an atmospheric-pressure, direct current (DC) plasma arc discharge on aluminum alloys. Wettability is a critical factor in engineering applications such as biomedical implants, painting, and adhesive bonding. For example, in the realm of adhesive bonding, greater wettability improves a metal substrate’s attraction to an adhesive material, which results in higher bond quality. In this study, the contact angle is determined and compared as a measure of the wettability using two different techniques, the sessile drop and ballistic deposition methods, with water as a test liquid. Additionally, this paper analyzes the impact of different arc discharge parameters, including arc current and plasma torch velocity, on the wettability.
Selecting Morphology of Y3Al5O12:Ce3+Phosphors for Minimizing Scattering Loss in the pc-LED Package (2012)

This paper reports the conversion efficiency (CE) and packaging efficiency (PE) of white phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (pc-LED) with four morphologically different phosphors, such as nanophosphors (NPs), thin-film phosphors (TFPs), ceramic plate phosphors (CPPs), or micro-size powder phosphors (MPPs) to search for additional room for minimizing the scattering loss of conventional MPPs used in a conventional white pc-LED. The newly developed film-type phosphors with optical structures employ a two dimensional photonic crystal layer (2D PCL) to improve the extraction efficiency as well as optical short-wave pass filters (SWPFs) for recycling of backward emission loss. A careful evaluation of the CE, PE and internal quantum efficiency (IQE) shows that the 2D PCL, SWPF-assisted NP thick films characteristics and 2D PCL-assisted CPP characteristics, such as an improved PE and reduced scattering loss, satisfy the requirements for current white pc-LED applications. Therefore, a 2D PCL-assisted CPP-capped pc-LED shows a CE of ∼56% and a PE of ∼70%, surpassing the values (∼55, ∼63%) observed in the typical MPP-based white pc-LED at 350 mA. In addition, a 2D PCL, SWPF-assisted NP thick film-capped LED shows a CE of ∼31% and PE of ∼82%, indicating that there is a large room for further improvement in the IQE of as-prepared NPs.
Dissemination of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during lung infection in hamsters. Role of oxygen-induced lung injury. (1985)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa was inoculated into the lungs of normal and oxygen-exposed hamsters. Air-breathing animals developed focal bronchopneumonias but viable organisms were not recovered from the lungs after 3 days; bacteremia was not detected but P. aeruginosa was isolated from the livers of 3 of 12 animals with positive lung cultures. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection shortened the survival time of oxygen-breathing hamsters, and organisms persisted in the lungs during oxygen exposure. Focal bronchopneumonias were uncommon in animals inoculated after 4 days of oxygen exposure; the predominant histopathologic finding was accentuation of diffuse alveolar damage and increased numbers of scattered neutrophils. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from the livers of 15 of 18 oxygen-exposed animals in which lung colony counts exceeded 10(3)/lung; only 8 of these animals had demonstrable bacteremia. The concentration of elongation factor-2 in the livers and lungs of oxygen-exposed animals was reduced as colony counts of P. aeruginosa increased in the lungs of infected animals, suggesting exotoxin A activity in these organisms. These findings suggest that bacterial superinfection of injured lungs may account for both worsening lung function and impaired function of other organs.
Feature Story: NSW SES Flood Response (2011)

The key aspects and features of the New South Wales (NSW) SES volunteers flood response are discussed. The outstanding activities undertaken by NSW SES in various areas as well as assistance provided are highlighted.