gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MicroRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic drugs in human cancer (2008)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved, endogenous, noncoding small RNAs that act as post-transcriptional gene regulators. Experimental evidence has shown that miRNAs can play roles as oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes, suggesting their contribution to cancer development and progression. Expression profiles of human miRNAs demonstrated that many miRNAs are deregulated in cancers and are differentially expressed in normal tissues and cancers. Therefore, miRNA profiling is used to create signatures for a variety of cancers, indicating that the profile will help further establish molecular diagnosis, prognosis and therapy using miRNAs. This paper introduces the aberrant expression of miRNAs in human cancer, and discusses the potential of these miRNAs as biomarkers and targets/molecules for molecular therapy.
A His19 to Ala Mutant of Melanoma Growth-Stimulating Activity Is a Partial Antagonist of the CXCR2 Receptor (1998)

Melanoma growth stimulating activity (MGSA) and IL-8 are related chemokines that are potent chemoattractants and activators of neutrophils both in vitro and in vivo. Increasing evidence suggests that these molecules play an important role in inflammation; thus, antagonists of their action could be useful therapeutically as antiinflammatory agents. We have generated an MGSA mutant, H19A, that shows a dissociation between receptor binding and biologic activity. The biologic activity of the H19A mutant is between 133-fold and 282-fold less potent than that of wild-type MGSA measured by three independent assays of neutrophil function, i.e., elastase release chemotaxis and the up-regulation of CD18. In addition, pretreatment of cells with the H19A mutant inhibited the ability of MGSA to induce elastase release and chemotaxis and to increase intracellular calcium. However, competition binding studies in cells transfected with the CXCR2 receptor and in neutrophils demonstrate that the receptor affinity of the H19A mutant is only 13-fold less than that of wild-type MGSA. These studies suggest that the mutant MGSA is defective in activating signaling through the receptor and indicate that binding to the receptor is not sufficient to activate a biologic response. The dissociation between receptor binding and activation for this mutant suggests that it should be possible to design antagonists of MGSA that may be of clinical utility.
Low Cost SOFC Manufacturing Process (2008)

Cost remains a major barrier for commercial success of SOFC. SRI evaluated a cost competitive SOFC manufacturing process developed by Russian researchers who work in this field since the late 1950s. The process is based on thermal decomposition of organo-metallic compounds. Cost savings are possible because: (a) the deposition process is performed at atmospheric pressure, (b) all layers (electrolyte, interface layers, and anode) are deposited sequentially within the same reactor, and (c) the raw materials and equipment are inexpensive. Electrochemical test cells (sections of a single SOFC element) prepared at the IHTE have been analyzed and tested at SRI International. Each cell consists of LSM cathode, YSZ electrolyte, and platinum paste anode. Composition and microstructure were determined by SEM examination and x-ray diffraction. The electrolyte had a 0.92ZrO 2 +0.08Y 2 O 3 composition with thickness 17-80 micrometers; it had cubic fluoride type structure similar to compact samples of the same material. Size of crystallites at the external layer of the electrolyte was 1-9 micrometers. In SRI's testing, a power density of ∼0.45 W/cm 2 was measured at 900°C. The power produced by elements under a constant load was stable for 1,500 hours of continuous operation, and the fuel elements survived multiple on/off cycles. Examination with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after the tests of the elements' microstructures showed no significant transformation. SRI concluded that the core technology of the Russian SOFC generators is reliable, has high technical potential, and may offer strong competitive advantage for producing commercial products at a cost of under $500/kW.
Cover Picture: Fabricating Microlens Arrays by Surface Wrinkling (Adv. Mater. 24/2006) (2006)

Abstract The unique lateral confinement of a swelling polymer network leads to surface wrinkles that define a multitude of surface structures, including microlens arrays (background). The versatility of this approach, which is reported on p. 3238 by Crosby and Chan, allows for the realization of a variety of functional devices on both planar and nonplanar surfaces, such as synthetic compound lens structures (see inset).
15 Years Later: A Historic Look Back at "Quake 3: Ray Traced" (2020)

Real-time ray tracing has been a goal and a challenge in the graphics field for many decades. With recent advances in the hardware and software domains, this is becoming a reality today. In this work, we describe how we got to this point by taking a look back at one of the first fully ray traced games: "Quake 3: Ray Traced". We provide insight into the development steps of the project with unreleased internal details and images. From a historical perspective, we look at the challenges pioneering in this area in the year 2004 and highlight the learnings in implementing the system, many of which are relevant today. We start by going from a blank screen to the full ray traced gaming experience with dynamic animations, lighting, rendered special effects and a simplistic implementation of the gameplay with basic AI enemies. We describe the challenges encountered with aliasing and the methods used to alleviate it. Lastly, we describe for the first time the unofficial continuation of the project, code named "Quake 3: Team Arena Ray Traced", and provide an overview of the changes over the past 15 years that made it possible to generate fully ray-traced interactive gaming experiences with mass market hardware and an open software stack.
Quantitative in vivo diffusion imaging of cartilage using double echo steady‐state free precession (2011)

Single-shot echo-planar imaging techniques are commonly used for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) but offer rather poor spatial resolution and field-of-view coverage for species with short T(2) . In contrast, steady-state free precession (SSFP) has shown promising results for DWI of the musculoskeletal system, but quantification is generally hampered by its prominent sensitivity on relaxation times. In this work, a new and truly diffusion-weighted (that is relaxation time independent) SSFP DWI technique is introduced using a double-echo steady-state approach. Within this framework (and this is in contrast to common SSFP DWI techniques using SSFP-Echo) both primary echo paths of nonbalanced SSFP are acquired, namely the FID and the Echo. Simulations and in vitro measurements reveal that the ratio of the Echo/FID signal ratios of two double-echo steady-state scans acquired with and without diffusion sensitizing dephasing moments provides a highly relaxation independent quantity for diffusion quantification. As a result, relaxation-independent high-resolution (0.4 × 0.4 - 0.6 × 0.6 mm(2) in-plane resolution) quantitative in vivo SSFP DWI is demonstrated for human articular cartilage using diffusion-weighted double-echo steady-state scans in the knee and ankle joint at 3.0 T. The derived diffusion coefficients for cartilage (D ∼ 1.0-1.5 μm(2) /ms) and synovial fluid (D ∼ 2.6 μm(2) /ms) are in agreement with previous work.
AN INFRARED STUDY OF THE REDUCTION OF TRIPOTASSIUM DODECAMOLYBDOPHOSPHATE WITH HYDROGEN (1981)

Abstract Quantitative ir spectroscopic studies showed that the reduction of K3PMo12O40 with H2 in the early stage proceeded by consuming two bridging oxygens per Keggin anion. The process was accompanied by the stoichiometric formation of Mo5+ according to the XPS measurements. It was suggested that terminal oxygens were removed after two oxygens per Keggin anion were taken off.
Candidal Endophthalmitis After Lithotripsy of Renal Calculi (1992)

Candidal endophthalmitis is most commonly due to hematogenous seeding of the eye by Candida albicans. Although it is most often seen as a manifestation of disseminated candidiasis in patients who are seriously ill, other patients may have candidal endophthalmitis as the only evidence of fungal infection. We have presented a case of endophthalmitis due to C albicans in a patient who had bilateral renal calculi and who had received multiple antibiotics and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.
Terahertz Microfluidic Sensing Using a Parallel-plate Waveguide Sensor (2012)

Refractive index (RI) sensing is a powerful noninvasive and label-free sensing technique for the identification, detection and monitoring of microfluidic samples with a wide range of possible sensor designs such as interferometers and resonators 1,2. Most of the existing RI sensing applications focus on biological materials in aqueous solutions in visible and IR frequencies, such as DNA hybridization and genome sequencing. At terahertz frequencies, applications include quality control, monitoring of industrial processes and sensing and detection applications involving nonpolar materials. Several potential designs for refractive index sensors in the terahertz regime exist, including photonic crystal waveguides 3, asymmetric split-ring resonators 4, and photonic band gap structures integrated into parallel-plate waveguides 5. Many of these designs are based on optical resonators such as rings or cavities. The resonant frequencies of these structures are dependent on the refractive index of the material in or around the resonator. By monitoring the shifts in resonant frequency the refractive index of a sample can be accurately measured and this in turn can be used to identify a material, monitor contamination or dilution, etc. The sensor design we use here is based on a simple parallel-plate waveguide 6,7. A rectangular groove machined into one face acts as a resonant cavity (Figures 1 and 2). When terahertz radiation is coupled into the waveguide and propagates in the lowest-order transverse-electric (TE1) mode, the result is a single strong resonant feature with a tunable resonant frequency that is dependent on the geometry of the groove 6,8. This groove can be filled with nonpolar liquid microfluidic samples which cause a shift in the observed resonant frequency that depends on the amount of liquid in the groove and its refractive index 9. Our technique has an advantage over other terahertz techniques in its simplicity, both in fabrication and implementation, since the procedure can be accomplished with standard laboratory equipment without the need for a clean room or any special fabrication or experimental techniques. It can also be easily expanded to multichannel operation by the incorporation of multiple grooves 10. In this video we will describe our complete experimental procedure, from the design of the sensor to the data analysis and determination of the sample refractive index.
Elastomeric liners for people with transtibial amputation (2016)

Although many different prosthetic liners are available, prosthetists regularly use only a few select liner products. Tools or strategies to objectively compare prosthetic liners across manufacturers are likely needed to facilitate more diverse prescription practices. Clinical relevance Knowledge of prosthetists' prosthetic liner selection practices may guide development of evidence-based resources or tools to facilitate matching patients with appropriate liners. Results of this study may also inform researchers and manufacturers about desirable liner characteristics and direct development of novel liner products to address prosthetists' clinical needs.
Despicable me(ter): Anonymous and fine-grained metering data reporting with dishonest meters (2016)

The Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) is a fundamental component of modern Smart Grids, and allows fine-grained and real-time monitoring of the electricity consumption of utility customers. In an AMI, intelligent devices commonly called Smart Meters (SMs) communicate with an operation center for the purpose of management and billing. However, while on one hand this technology has the potential for advanced load balancing and grid management, it poses a threat to customers privacy. Indeed, an adversary can infer sensitive information about the end users by analyzing the metering data reported by the SMs. In this paper, we present the design of a privacy-preserving AMI for fine-grained metering data collection. We propose a collaborative protocol among SMs that achieves anonymous metering data delivery via a random multi-hop path. Our construction enables a verifier entity to detect any inconsistent behavior from SMs by accessing their internal log. Our scheme is scalable with the number of SMs in the network, and unlike existing methods, does not rely on trusted third-parties. We consider an adversarial setting where SMs are either honest-but-curious or controlled by a powerful adversary, whose aim is to deanonymize the received metering data. Finally, we prove that our protocol is secure and computationally efficient for the resource-constrained SM devices.
Association of signal-regulatory proteins β with KARAP/DAP-12 (2000)

The signal-regulatory proteins (SIRP) are Ig-like cell surface receptors detected in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. SIRP are classified as SIRPalpha molecules, containing a 110- to 113-amino acid long, or SIRPbeta molecules, with a 5-amino acid long intracytoplasmic domain. SIRPalpha molecules belong to inhibitory immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM)-bearing molecules. The majority of ITIM-bearing receptors are paired with activating isoforms, which share highly related extracytoplasmic domains but harbor a shorter cytoplasmic domain devoid of ITIM and contain a charged amino acid residue in their transmembrane domain. Activating receptors are associated with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif (ITAM)-bearing proteins, such as KARAP/DAP-12 and FcRgamma. In this report, we show that human SIRPbeta1 is included in an oligomeric complex with KARAP/DAP-12 in hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic transfectant cells as well as in human monocytes. The physical association between SIRPbeta1 and KARAP/DAP-12 results in the functional coupling of SIRPbeta1 engagement to the recruitment of the protein tyrosine kinase Syk and to serotonin release in RBL cell transfectants. Therefore our results show that SIRPbeta1 acts as an activating isoform of SIRPalpha molecules, confirming the co-existence of inhibitory ITIM-bearing molecules, recruiting SHP-1 and SHP-2 protein tyrosine phosphatases, and activating counterparts, whose engagement couples to protein tyrosine kinases via ITAM-bearing molecules.
<title>Multiplex optics for visual image processing</title> (2001)

Multiplex optical systems are designed to mix information channels on sensors. This paper considers the use of multiplex sensors to embed scene analysis in the optical layer of imaging systems. The goals of embedded analysis are to reduce the system data and processing load and to improve analytic accuracy by low-level filtering. We show specifically that filtering on the cross spectral density during detection allows the construction of sensors that integrate spatio-spectral patterns from specific volumes and that coded illumination patterns can structure the radiated cross spectrum to enable digital focusing on particular source characteristics.
Microwave Sintering and Infiltration of Highly Porous Silicon Nitride Ceramics to Form Dense Ceramics (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A commercial multithreaded RISC processor (2002)

Implementation of a coarse-grained hardware-multithreaded processor for use in the IBM AS1400 uses a PowerPC architecture that supports two threads. Hardware multithreading is a technique for tolerating memory latency by utilizing otherwise idle cycles in the CPU. This requires the replication of the processor architecture registers for each thread. Replication is not required for the majority of processor logic such as instruction cache, data cache, TLB, instruction fetch and dispatch mechanisms, branch units, fixed-point units, floating-point units, and storage-control units.
Chiral ferrocenes as novel rotary modules for molecular machines (2008)

Ferrocene, a double-decker organometallic compound that generates angular motion, can be used as a unique rotary module for molecular machines. By interlocking a ferrocene-based rotary module with a photochromic unit, we have developed novel molecular machines that operate via power-conversion mechanisms. This design strategy, which mimics real machines in our daily life, allows for remote control of molecular events.
Strain compensation technique in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots for applications to photonic devices (2009)

We report the strain compensation (SC) technique for a stacked InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dot (QD) structure grown by metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). Several techniques are used to investigate the effect of the SC technique: the high-resolution x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique is used to quantify the reduction in overall strain, atomic force spectroscopy is used to reveal that the SC layer improves the QD uniformity and reduces the defect density and photoluminescence characterization is used to quantify the optical property of stacked InAs QDs. In addition, experimental and mathematical evaluation of reduction in the strain field in the compensated structure is conducted. We identify two types of strain in stacked QD samples, homogeneous and inhomogeneous strain. XRD spectra indicate that vi > 36% reduction in the homogeneous strain can be accomplished. Inhomogeneous strain field is investigated by studying the strain coupling probability as a function of the spacer thickness, indicating that 19% reduction in inhomogeneous strain within SC structures has been evaluated. Next, device application of SC techniques including lasers and modulators is reported. Room temperature ground-state lasing from 6-stack InAs QDs with GaP SC is realized at a lasing wavelength of 1265 nm with a threshold current density of 108 A cm−2. The electro-optic (EO) properties of 1.3 µm self-assembled InAs/GaAs QDs are investigated. The linear and quadratic EO coefficients are 2.4 × 10−11 m V−1 and 3.2 × 10−18 m2 V−2, respectively, which are significantly larger than those of GaAs bulk materials. Also, the linear EO coefficient is almost comparable to that of lithium niobate.
Data from Loss of Cell-Surface Laminin Anchoring Promotes Tumor Growth and Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcomes (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Perturbations in the composition and assembly of extracellular matrices (ECM) contribute to progression of numerous diseases, including cancers. Anchoring of laminins at the cell surface enables assembly and signaling of many ECMs, but the possible contributions of altered laminin anchoring to cancer progression remain undetermined. In this study, we investigated the prominence and origins of defective laminin anchoring in cancer cells and its association with cancer subtypes and clinical outcomes. We found loss of laminin anchoring to be widespread in cancer cells. Perturbation of laminin anchoring originated from several distinct defects, which all led to dysfunctional glycosylation of the ECM receptor dystroglycan. In aggressive breast and brain cancers, defective laminin anchoring was often due to suppressed expression of the glycosyltransferase LARGE. Reduced expression of LARGE characterized a broad array of human tumors in which it was associated with aggressive cancer subtypes and poor clinical outcomes. Notably, this defect robustly predicted poor survival in patients with brain cancers. Restoring LARGE expression repaired anchoring of exogenous and endogenous laminin and modulated cell proliferation and tumor growth. Together, our findings suggest that defects in laminin anchoring occur commonly in cancer cells, are characteristic of aggressive cancer subtypes, and are important drivers of disease progression. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 72(10); 2578–88. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Prevalence of the NTEKPC-I on IncF Plasmids Among Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Jiangxi Province, South China (2021)

Infection caused by carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKP) has become a tricky health care threat in China and KPC-2 enzyme is a main factor mediating resistance to carbapenems of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. Here, we report the characterization of the genetic environment of the blaKPC-2 gene in CR-hvKP clinical isolates from South China. Forty-five non-duplicated CR-hvKP isolates collected in Jiangxi Province from 2018 to 2019 were analyzed. Each of them were multidrug-resistant due to the presence not only of blaKPC-2 gene but also of other resistance determinants, including Metallo-β-lactamases (NDM-1), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (TEM-1, CTX-M-14, SHV-1), and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants (qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr). After plasmid analyses of PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT), mapping PCR, amplicon sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were used to analyze the genetic environment of the blaKPC-2 gene. PCR analysis of pLVPK-like plasmids, Southern Blot, and mouse lethality assay were used to characterize the virulence phenotype of <i>K. pneumoniae</i>. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis showed ST11 CR-hvKP was the predominant clone. In conclusion, this is the first analysis of diverse genetic structures blaKPC-2 gene in CR-hvKP isolates from south China. Both the NTEKPC-I on the IncF plasmids and pLVPK-like virulence plasmids make contributions to the formation of CR-hvKP especially ST11 which need more attention.
Sphere<sup>2</sup>: Jerry's rig, an OpenGL application for non-linear panorama viewing and interaction (2012)

Given a set of images, or time-lapsed imagery, that is captured in an unconstrained domain, there are numerous methods to map that data into a domain that is readily displayable on basic rectilinear digital displays. However, while these mappings can be mathematically sound, they are methods that modify the spatio-temporal “scale” of the scene, and thus can become quite semantically confusing when viewed in this manner. In working with data to be mathematically and scientifically analyzed, we have found that we also require a level of semantic consistency, such as in providing accessible imagery for expert annotation or in generating “virtual field trips”. This is why we have applied the same mathematical rigor to instead develop an interactive, OpenGL-based viewing application for spatio-temporally non-linear imagery. This application is extensible and entirely custom, such that we can not only interact with single sets of related imagery, but also view the relationships across sets of imagery in a semantically viable, and mathematically sound, domain.