gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Raman Spectroelectrochemistry of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Investigation of Materials Enriched with (6,5) Tubes (2008)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CoMoCat) have been enriched with (6,5) tubes via density-gradient ultracentrifugation. Thin solid films of quasi-isolated nanotubes were fabricated from a solution of sorted nanotubes by vacuum filtration and extraction with water. Optical spectroscopy in the vis−NIR region and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize these materials. The experimental studies were supported by a theoretical analysis of the electronic and vibrational structure of selected (n,m) tubes by using density functional theory. Besides the most abundant tubes (6,5), the experimental and theoretical data for tubes (6,4), (7,3), (7,5), (8,3), and (9,1) are also discussed. A detailed investigation by in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry was focused on the effects of electrochemical p-/n-doping. The experimental analysis of the intensities and frequencies of the radial breathing mode and the tangential displacement modes were correlated with the theoretically calculated optical transition energies and Raman frequencies. It was demonstrated that electrochemical charging is a useful tool for the study of doping effects on the electronic structure of carbon nanotubes.
Electrical engineering laboratory for first-year and non-engineering students (2002)

"Exploring Engineering" is a required course for all first-year engineering students at Bucknell University (USA), and approximately one-fifth of the students in the course are nonengineering majors. The course uses lectures, laboratories, and design projects to illustrate the essence of engineering. This paper describes an electrical engineering laboratory that was developed for Exploring Engineering and offered during the fall of 1993. The title of the laboratory is "Sine Waves and Hearing", and the objective is to teach the basic properties of sine waves through several experiments related to hearing.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigations of the Intramolecular Ni(II)/Cr(II)‐Mediated Coupling Reaction: Application to the Taxane Ring System. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Frequency-Domain Equalization for Broadband Single-Carrier Multiple Access (2009)

Single-carrier (SC) multiple access is a promising uplink multiple access technique because of its low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) property and high frequency diversity gain that is achievable through simple one-tap frequency-domain equalization (FDE) in a strong frequency-selective channel. The multiple access capability can be obtained by combining either frequency division multiple access (FDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA) with SC transmission. In this article, we review the recent research on the SC multiple access techniques with one-tap FDE. After introducing the principle of joint FDE/antenna diversity combining, we review various SC multiple access techniques with one-tap FDE, i.e., SC-FDMA, SC-CDMA, block spread CDMA, and delay-time/CDMA.
Effects of increased sodium delivery on distal tubular sodium reabsorption with and without volume expansion in man (1970)

The separate effects of volume expansion and of increased delivery of sodium on sodium reabsorption in the diluting segment of the distal nephron were studied in man. In six normal subjects during a sustained water diuresis, sodium delivery to the distal nephron was increased without volume expansion by the administration of acetazolamide. In these subjects, free water clearance rose linearly as a function of urine flow. In five patients with complete, central diabetes insipidus, distal sodium delivery was increased by the infusion of hypertonic saline during a sustained water diuresis. In four of these five patients, changes in free water clearance were also observed during hypertonic saline diuresis in the presence of distal blockade of sodium reabsorption with chlorothiazide. At high rates of distal delivery the following observations were made: (a) free water clearance was lower and fractional sodium excretion higher during saline diuresis compared to acetazolamide diuresis; (b) although free water clearance was moderately reduced by chlorothiazide at low rates of urine flow, there was no difference in free water clearance between saline loading alone and saline plus chlorothiazide at high rates of urine flow; and (c) during saline loading free water clearance rose without evidence of a limit when increased distal delivery was accompanied by spontaneous increases in glomerular filtration rate, but tended toward a limit when glomerular filtration rate remained constant. The data indicate that during acute volume expansion with saline, there is a decrease in the fraction of delivered sodium reabsorbed in the distal nephron when compared to the response of the distal nephron to comparable increases in distal sodium delivery in the absence of volume expansion.
Phase 1 Trial of Cyclosporine for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 (2021)

Abstract Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a global health emergency with limited treatment options, lagging vaccine rates and inadequate healthcare resources in the face of an ongoing calamity. The disease is characterized by immune dysregulation and cytokine storm. Cyclosporine A (CSA) is a calcineurin inhibitor that modulates cytokine production and may have direct antiviral properties against coronaviruses. To test whether a short course of treatment was safe in COVID-19 patients, we treated 10 hospitalized, oxygen requiring, non-critically ill patients with CSA at a starting dose of 9mg/kg/day. Five patients experienced adverse events, none were serious, and transaminitis was most common. No subject enrolled in this trial required intensive care unit (ICU)-level care and all patients were discharged alive from the hospital. Further, CSA treatment was associated with significant reductions in serum cytokines and chemokines important in COVID-19 hyper-inflammation, including CXCL10. In conclusion, short courses of CSA appear safe and feasible in COVID-19 patients requiring oxygen and therefore, may be a useful adjunct in resource-poor or resource-limited health care settings.
Stellar variability in the VVV survey: overview and first results (2013)

Abstract The Vista Variables in the Vía Láctea (VVV) ESO Public Survey is an ongoing time-series, near-infrared (IR) survey of the Galactic bulge and an adjacent portion of the inner disk, covering 562 square degrees of the sky, using ESO's VISTA telescope. The survey has provided superb multi-color photometry in 5 broadband filters ( Z , Y , J , H , and K s ), leading to the best map of the inner Milky Way ever obtained, particularly in the near-IR. The main part of the survey, which is focused on the variability in the K s -band, is currently underway, with bulge fields observed between 34 and 73 times, and disk fields between 34 and 36 times. When the survey is complete, bulge (disk) fields will have been observed up to a total of 100 (60) times, providing unprecedented depth and time coverage in the near-IR. Here we provide a first overview of stellar variability in the VVV data.
The Nystrom Extension for Signals Defined on a Graph (2018)

In this paper we introduce a computationally efficient solution to the problem of graph signal interpolation. Our solution is derived using the Nyström extension and is due to the properties of the Markov matrix which we use as our graph shift operator, inspired by diffusion maps. We focus on graph signals that are smooth over the graph. This assumption cements the relationship between the graph and the graph signal. We experimentally verify our suggested framework on the MNIST data set of handwritten digits.
Aerial imaging for FABs: productivity and yield aspects (2009)

The economy of wafer fabs is changing faster for 3x geometry requirements and below. Mask set and exposure tool
costs are almost certain to increase the overall cost per die requiring manufacturers to develop productivity and yield
improvements to defray the lithography cell economic burden. Lithography cell cost effectiveness can be
significantly improved by increasing mask availability while reducing the amount of mask sets needed during a
product life cycle. Further efficiency can be gained from reducing send-ahead wafers and qualification cycle time,
and elimination of inefficient metrology. Yield is the overriding die cost modulator and is significantly more
sensitive to lithography as a result of masking steps required to fabricate the integrated circuit. Thus, for productivity
to increase with minimal yield risk, the sample space of reticle induced source of variations should be large, with
shortest measurement acquisition time possible.
This paper presents the latest introduction of mask aerial imaging technology for the fab, Aera2 TM for Lithography
with IntenC TM , as an enabler for efficient lithography manufacturing. IntenCD is a high throughput, high density
mask-based critical dimension (CD) mapping technology, with the potential for increasing productivity and yield in
a wafer production environment. Connecting IntenCD to a feed forward advance process control (APC) reduces
significantly the amount of traditional CD metrology required for robust wafer CD uniformity (CDU) correction and
increases wafer CD uniformity. This in turn improves the lithography process window and yield and contributes to
cost reduction and cycle time reduction of new reticles qualification.
Advanced mask technology has introduced a new challenge. Exposure to 193nm wavelength stimulates haze growth
on the mask and imposes a regular cleaning schedule. Cleaning eventually causes mask degradation. Haze growth
impacts mask CD uniformity and induce global transmission fingerprint variations. Furthermore, aggressive
cleaning may damage the delicate sub-resolution assist features. IntenCD based CDU fingerprint correction can
optimize the regular mask cleaning schedule, extending clean intervals therefore extending the overall mask life
span. This mask availability enhancement alone reduces the amount of mask sets required during the product life
cycle and potentially leads to significant savings to the fab.
This mask availability enhancement alone reduces the amount of mask sets required during the product life cycle
and leads to significant savings to the fab.
In this paper we present three case studies from a wafer production fab and a mask shop. The data presented
demonstrates clear productivity and yield enhancements. The data presented is the outcome of a range of new
applications which became possible by integrating the recently introduced Applied Materials Aera2 TM for
Lithography aerial imaging inspection tool with the litho cluster.
Mitigating the Trade-off between Triplet Harvesting and Roll-off by Opening a Dexter-Type Channel in OLEDs (2019)

As an approach to overcome the limitation of spin statistics in an electroluminescent (EL) system, the use of a sensitizing system, employing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) as an intermediate component or host, has been actively discussed recently. However, the existence of a nonradiative channel (i.e., Dexter energy transfer, DET) from the lowest triplet excited state (T₁) in the TADF host or assistant layer still can cause the efficiency drop, although this strategy could break the spin multiplicity. In this context, an approach to break the limitation of the conventional sensitizing system on the basis of Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) should be developed. Herein, we explore the potential of nonradiative energy loss, a DET-type channel, in shortening the triplet exciton residence time in an EL system, thereby achieving both improved efficiency and reduced roll-off. The discussions in the proposed triplet-harvest system raise the following points: (i) the necessity of an assistant dopant with high photoluminescence quantum yield, (ii) understanding of the key processes such as reverse intersystem crossing and the energy-transfer mechanism, and (iii) the role of exciton residence time in the presence of inefficient FRET in the sensitizing process.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE CHEMISTRY OF 2,3,5,6‐TETRAHYDRO‐6‐PHENYLIMIDAZO(2,1‐B)THIAZOLE. III. REACTION WITH ISOCYANATES AND ISOTHIOCYANATES (1978)

Abstract Bei der Behandlung mit Arylisothiocyanaten (II) entstehen aus dem hydrierten Imidazothiazol (I) die Betaine (III), die bei der Methylierung in (IV) und (V) übergehen.
IFNα sensitizes ME‐180 human cervical cancer cells to TNFα‐induced apoptosis by inhibiting cytoprotective NF‐κB activation (2001)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) induces apoptosis of a variety of tumor cell types. The anti-tumor effect of TNFalpha is often augmented by interferon (IFN) gamma. We hypothesized that IFNalpha, which shares many biological activities with IFNgamma, might also synergize with TNFalpha for the induction of tumor cell death. We tested our hypothesis using ME-180 human cervical cancer cells exposed to either IFNalpha or TNFalpha alone or both. We analyzed the death of ME-180 cells by biochemical and cytological means, and investigated the molecular mechanism underlying cytotoxic synergism between the two cytokines. We found that (i) IFNalpha/TNFalpha synergistically induced apoptosis of ME-180 cells, which was accompanied by activation of caspases-3 and -8; (ii) IFNalpha induced signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 phosphorylation, and transfection of phosphorylation-defective STAT1 dominant-negative mutant inhibited IFNalpha/TNFalpha-induced apoptosis; (iii) inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) by proteasome inhibitor MG-132 sensitized ME-180 cells to TNFalpha alone; (iv) IFNalpha treatment attenuated TNFalpha-induced NF-kappaB reporter activity, while it did not inhibit DNA binding of NF-kappaB. Taken collectively, our results indicate that IFNalpha sensitizes ME-180 cells to TNFalpha-induced apoptosis by inhibiting TNFalpha-mediated cytoprotective NF-kappaB activation, and this sensitizing effect of IFNalpha is mediated through a STAT1-dependent pathway.
Structure moléculaire des polymères (2008)

Les matériaux polymères sont généralement utilisés pour leurs propriétés mécaniques particulières et leur aptitude à être aisément mis en forme (processabilité). Ces qualités sont étroitement liées à leur structure, laquelle se décline à différents niveaux depuis celui correspondant à l’agencement d
Reduction of nonlinear penalties through polarization interleaving in 2/spl times/10 gb/s polarization-multiplexed transmission (2005)

We simulated the nonlinear transmission penalties induced through cross-phase modulation related depolarization in 2/spl times/10 Gb/s polarization-multiplexed (POLMUX) transmission. We find that launching adjacent wavelength-division-multiplexed channels with a 180/spl deg/ relative state of polarization shift results in a significant decrease in nonlinear transmission penalties and allows for longer distance POLMUX transmission.
A series of layered intergrowth phases grown by molecular beam epitaxy: SrmTiO2+m(m=1–5) (2007)

Sr m Ti O 2 + m phases having one TiO2 layer sandwiched between m SrO layers were grown using molecular beam epitaxy. The out-of-plane (in-plane) lattice parameters determined by x-ray diffraction were c(a)=9.14Å (3.78Å), 23.55Å (3.75Å), and 14.60Å (3.75Å) for Sr3TiO5, Sr4TiO6, and Sr5TiO7, respectively. Both lattice parameters change abruptly on going from the m=2 Ruddlesden-Popper phase to m=3 phase, indicating a significant change in the bond lengths (or strain states) on transitioning from the known members to the higher order members of this structural family. Electron microscopy confirmed the artificially layered structures.
The Clinical Use and Immunologic Impact of Thrombin in Surgery (2006)

Thrombin is a naturally derived enzyme that has been widely characterized for its roles in hemostasis, inflammation, and cell signaling. Thrombin has been purified from numerous sources and used as a clinical aid for topical hemostasis for more than 60 years. Due to both its ease of use and apparent effectiveness, thrombin has become used routinely as an aid for topical hemostasis in nearly all types of surgical procedures, including but not limited to cardiovascular, orthopedic, neurologic, general, gynecologic, and dental procedures. Due to the widespread acceptance of thrombin in the surgical setting, it is conservatively estimated that at least 1 million patients in the United States are treated with topical applications of thrombin each year. Although the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved a wide array of topical and biologic products to stop surgical bleeding, the only thrombin that is currently FDA approved as a stand-alone hemostatic product in the United States is derived from bovine sources. Bovine-derived thrombin has potent biologic activity in its ability to convert fibrinogen to fibrin, activate platelets, and induce vascular contraction. However, it has also been shown to induce a robust immune response following human exposure. Numerous reports have documented an array of clinical events that follow bovine thrombin exposure, which include the development of antibodies against thrombin, prothrombin, factor V, and cardiolipin. In some well-described cases, these antibodies have led to clinical syndromes that range from severe postoperative bleeding to high rates of vascular bypass graft thrombosis. Furthermore, experimental applications of bovine thrombin to various strains of mice have induced a postexposure autoimmune syndrome that was pathologically identical to lupus. Thrombin-derived products are well accepted by the surgical community for use as an aid for hemostasis, but the bovine-derived products have an unacceptably high and unnecessary association with immunologic side effects. If a nonimmunologic and effective thrombin were developed, one would expect it to be rapidly adopted by the clinical community.
A Facile Preparative Method for Aggregation‐Free Gold Nanoparticles Using Poly(styrene‐block‐cysteine) (2007)

Zustand: stabil. Die Selbstorganisation und die induzierte Aggregation neuartiger Copolymere mit Polystyrol(PS)- und Polycystein(PCys)-Blöcken wurde untersucht (siehe Bild). Diese „molekularen Chimären“ können Goldnanopartikel (AuNPs) umschließen und auf diese Weise deren Aggregation verhindern.
3D simulation of needle-tissue interaction with application to prostate brachytherapy (2006)

This paper presents a needle-tissue interaction model that is a 3D extension of prior work based on needle and tissue models discretized using the Finite Element Method. The use of flexible needles necessitates remeshing the tissue during insertion, since simple mesh-node snapping to the tip can be detrimental to the simulation. In this paper, node repositioning and node addition are the two methods of mesh modification examined for coarse meshes. Our focus is on numerical approaches for fast implementation of these techniques. Although the two approaches compared, namely the Woodbury formula (matrix inversion lemma) and the boundary condition switches, have the same computational complexity, the Woodbury formula is shown to perform faster due to its cache-efficient order of operations. Furthermore, node addition is applied in constant time for both approaches, whereas node repositioning requires longer and variable computational times. A method for rendering the needle forces during simulated insertions into a 3D prostate model has been implemented. Combined with a detailed anatomical segmentation, this will be useful in teaching the practice of prostate brachytherapy. Issues related to discretization of such coupled (e.g., needle-tissue) models are also discussed.
Inheritance of acquired immunological tolerance to foreign histocompatibility antigens in mice. (1980)

CBA mice were rendered tolerant of major histocompatibility antigens of A/J mice by neonatal injection of 100 x 10(6) lymphoid cells of (CBA X A/J)F1 followed by repeated injections of F1 cells at 2-week intervals throughout the study. When adult (8 weeks old), 10 tolerant or normal CBA males were mated to normal CBA females. Spleen cells of the progeny were tested for their ability to mount a cytotoxic T lymphocyte response in vitro against A/J antigens or against C57BL/6J and B10.A (2R) antigens in a cell-mediated lympholysis (CML) assay. A significant proportion (50-60%) of first-generation offspring of tolerant fathers failed to produce detectable anti-A/J cytotoxic responses but responded in the normal range to stimulation by C57BL/6J or B10.A (2R). Second-generation offspring derived from mating animals born of tolerant male parents--either brother x sister matings (incross or matings to normal CBA mice (outcross)--also showed a high proportion (20-40%) with diminished anti-A/J CML responses when similarly tested in vitro. Thus, a specific acquired somatic characteristic in the immune system (tolerance to major histocompatibility antigens) induced in male mice shows significant transmission to first- and second-generation offspring.
Associations between Findings on Cranial Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Retinal Photography in the Elderly: The Cardiovascular Health Study (2006)

Associations between findings on cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and retinal photographs have been described mostly in middle-aged people. In the Cardiovascular Health Study, 1,717 elderly participants underwent MRI and retinal photography between 1991 and 1999. Associations were sought between MRI findings and four findings of retinal microvascular disease: retinopathy, focal arteriolar narrowing, arteriovenous nicking, and the arteriovenous ratio--the last based upon semiautomated measurements of arterioles and venules. After controlling for age and gender, the authors found associations between MRI findings and the smaller arteriovenous ratio (per standard deviation decrease): prevalent infarcts (odds ratio = 1.18, 95% confidence interval: 1.05, 1.34; p = 0.007), white matter grade (regression coefficient, 0.093; p = 0.011), incident infarct (odds ratio = 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.09, 1.46; p = 0.002), and worsening white matter grade (odds ratio = 1.12, 95% confidence interval: 0.98, 1.29; p = 0.09). Arteriovenous nicking was also associated with prevalent (odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.23, 2.76; p = 0.003) and incident (odds ratio = 1.84, 95% confidence interval: 1.15, 2.94; p = 0.011) infarcts. Adjustment for hypertension and diabetes had minimal effect. Evidence of small vessel disease in the retina increases the likelihood of finding it in the brain. Associations were less prominent in this elderly population than have been described in middle-aged people.