gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Trustworthy Mobile Social Networking (2013)

Self-organized networks based on mobile devices, e.g., mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), are becoming a practical platform for mobile social networking. People, either familiar or strangers, communicate with each other via such a network for instant social activities. How to help mobile users to build up trust in mobile social networking is becoming an important and interesting issue. Trust concerns not only security, but also privacy, as well as quality of social networking experiences. It relates to many properties that are essential for establishing a trust relationship in ephemeral and dynamically changed mobile social environments. This book chapter reviews the literature with regard to how to build up trust in mobile social networking. We explore whether mobile social networking is demanded, considering many existing popular Internet social networking services. Based on a need assessment survey, we propose a trust management framework that supports context-aware trust/reputation generation, trustworthy content recommendations, secure communications, unwanted traffic control, user privacy recommendation and preservation, and other trust and privacy enhancement technologies. Simulations, prototype implementation, and trial experiments further prove the effectiveness of proposed solutions.
Origin of Immunoglobulin Gene Diversity: The Evidence and a Restriction-modification Model (1977)

There have been a number of attempts recently to distinguish between germ-line and somatic mutation hypotheses using hybridization kinetic analysis. The results of these efforts, carried out in a number of laboratories (Faust et al. 1974; Honjo et al. 1974; Leder et al. 1974; Stavnezer et al. 1974; Storb 1974; Tonegawa et al. 1974; Leder et al. 1975; Rabbitts et al. 1975; Rabbitts and Milstein 1975; Farace et al. 1976; Honjo et al. 1976a,b; Tonegawa 1976), have produced general agreement on several important points. First, the kappa C-region gene sequence is present in very few copies — perhaps no more than two or three — per mouse haploid genome. Second, this result eliminates the most stringent germ-line hypothesis and strongly supports the V—C recombination argument proposed by Dreyer and Bennet (1965). And third, distinguishing between the somatic mutation and more moderate germ-line hypotheses still depends upon our ability to quantitate...
Phase 1 Assessment of the Safety and Immunogenicity of an mRNA- Lipid Nanoparticle Vaccine Candidate Against SARS-CoV-2 in Human Volunteers (2020)

ABSTRACT There is an urgent need for vaccines to counter the COVID-19 pandemic due to infections with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Evidence from convalescent sera and preclinical studies has identified the viral Spike (S) protein as a key antigenic target for protective immune responses. We have applied an mRNA-based technology platform, RNActive ® , to develop CVnCoV which contains sequence optimized mRNA coding for a stabilized form of S protein encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP). Following demonstration of protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models we performed a dose-escalation phase 1 study in healthy 18-60 year-old volunteers. This interim analysis shows that two doses of CVnCoV ranging from 2 μg to 12 μg per dose, administered 28 days apart were safe. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. There were dose-dependent increases in frequency and severity of solicited systemic adverse events, and to a lesser extent of local reactions, but the majority were mild or moderate and transient in duration. Immune responses when measured as IgG antibodies against S protein or its receptor-binding domain (RBD) by ELISA, and SARS-CoV-2-virus neutralizing antibodies measured by micro-neutralization, displayed dose-dependent increases. Median titers measured in these assays two weeks after the second 12 μg dose were comparable to the median titers observed in convalescent sera from COVID-19 patients. Seroconversion (defined as a 4-fold increase over baseline titer) of virus neutralizing antibodies two weeks after the second vaccination occurred in all participants who received 12 μg doses. Preliminary results in the subset of subjects who were enrolled with known SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity at baseline show that CVnCoV is also safe and well tolerated in this population, and is able to boost the pre-existing immune response even at low dose levels. Based on these results, the 12 μg dose is selected for further clinical investigation, including a phase 2b/3 study that will investigate the efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of the candidate vaccine CVnCoV.
Effects of barbiturates, phencyclidine, ketamine and analogs on cerebral circulation and cerebrovascular muscle. (1984)

Although barbiturates are often effective as therapeutic agents in several types of brain ischemia, there is no consensus as to their mechanisms of action. Exactly why other intravenous anesthetics such as ketamine are not effective therapies in brain ischemia is not known. Structural analogs of ketamine such as phencyclidine (PCP) not only exert potent hallucinogenic properties and are widely abused drugs, but often result in hypertensive encephalopathies and death. In view of the paucity of information on the cerebral circulatory actions of barbiturates, ketamine and PCP (and analogs), in-vivo (microcirculatory) and in-vitro studies were undertaken. Barbiturates, in anesthetic concentrations (e.g., 10(-5) to 10(-4) M), were found to exert direct vasodilator actions on cerebral arterial smooth muscle; these relaxant actions appear to be related to inhibition of calcium ion (Ca2+) influx in cerebral vessels. The latter may be important in the salutory actions of barbiturates in brain ischemia, head trauma and cerebrovasospasm. Unlike barbiturates, ketamine was found to exert spasmogenic actions on cerebral arteries, which may aid in explaining the inability of this anesthetic to be of therapeutic value in brain ischemia. PCP and its analogs, as well as other hallucinogenic molecules (e.g., LSD, mescaline) produced spasms in cerebral arterioles, venules and arteries in concentrations which mimic their hallucinogenic potencies. Distinct PCP-like receptors which subserve contraction appear to exist on large as well as microscopic cerebral blood vessels. Spasms induced by PCP, its analogs and ketamine can be readily reversed or prevented completely by calcium channel blockers. The latter agents could be quite useful, clinically, in prevention of cerebral infarction, hypertension and fatality associated with PCP (and analogs) intoxication.
The antibody binding site. Labelling of a specific antibody against the photo-precursor of an aryl nitrene (1972)

The isolation of specific rabbit antibodies for the haptenic group 4-azido-2-nitrophenyl, is described. These antibodies bind 1.8-2.0mol of hapten [in-(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)-l-lysine]/mol with an association constant of nearly 10(7)m(-1) at 4 degrees C. On photolysis of the antibody-hapten complex, resulting in the formation of an aryl nitrene at the binding site, hapten was covalently bound to the antibody, and the antibody binding site was blocked. The ratio of labelling of heavy- and light-chains was 2.5:1. Two small peptides were isolated from digests of labelled heavy-chain, indicating that some 13% of the label in the antibody was attached to cysteine-92 and to alanine-93. These residues are adjacent to the major hypervariable region in rabbit heavy-chain (residues 95-105).
Quantum-Dots-FRET Nanosensors for Detecting Unamplified Nucleic Acids by Single Molecule Detection (2006)

Evaluation of: Zhang CY, Yeh HC, Kuroki MT, Wang TH: Single-quantum-dot-based DNA nanosensor. Nat. Mater. 4(11), 826–831 (2005) [1]. Quantitative and sensitive detection of minute copies of nucleic acid sequences is critical in diagnosing disease and in understanding biomolecular processes. An inorganic–organic hybrid fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanosensor based on quantum dots (QDs) was developed to overcome the limitations of conventional FRET-based probes. Functionalized QDs served as FRET donors and as nanoassemblies that can couple to multiple targets hybridized as a sandwich between a capture probe and a reporter probe. Target sequences are detected directly in solution by single molecule detection (SMD) without prior separation or amplification. This system is sensitive enough to detect approximately 50 or fewer copies and to discriminate point mutations. QD-FRET and SMD are platform technologies that will find many applications for detecting biomarkers or studying various biomolecules in a highly sensitive and quantitative manner.
Living Polymerization of Butadiene at Both Chain Ends via a Bimetallic Nickel Initiator. Preparation of Hydroxytelechelic Poly(butadiene) and Symmetric Poly(isocyanide-b-butadiene-b-isocyanide) Elastomeric Triblock Copolymers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLiving Polymerization of Butadiene at Both Chain Ends via a Bimetallic Nickel Initiator. Preparation of Hydroxytelechelic Poly(butadiene) and Symmetric Poly(isocyanide-b-butadiene-b-isocyanide) Elastomeric Triblock CopolymersTimothy J. Deming, Bruce M. Novak, and Joseph W. ZillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 6, 2366–2374Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00085a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00085a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views638Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Radiographic Assessment of Buccolingual Dimension of Allogenic Bone Ring When Used Simultaneously with Dental Implant Placement (2023)

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the use of allogenic bone ring technique to restore the bucco-lingual dimension of the alveolar bone defects combined with simultaneous dental implant placement. Subjects and methods: Ten patients requiring bone augmentation horizontally or both horizontally and vertically at the time of implant placement were included in this retrospective study. All patients received simultaneous bone augmentation surgery and implant placement with allogenic bone ring grafts. Postoperative efficacy of the technique was evaluated using CBCT as a radiographical parameter. Results: Survival rates of implants were 100%. Cone-beam computed tomography revealed that the allogenic bone ring graft had significantly sufficient horizontal bone augmentation below the implant neck platform to 0 mm, 1 mm, 2 mm, and 3 mm. It could also provide an excellent peri-implant tissue condition during the 6 months’ follow-up after loading. Conclusion: The bone ring technique with allogenic bone ring graft could increase and maintain horizontal bone mass in the region of the implant neck platforms in serious horizontal bone defects.
Amino acid sequences of lysozymes newly purified from invertebrates imply wide distribution of a novel class in the lysozyme family (1999)

Lysozymes were purified from three invertebrates: a marine bivalve, a marine conch, and an earthworm. The purified lysozymes all showed a similar molecular weight of 13 kDa on SDS/PAGE. Their N-terminal sequences up to the 33rd residue determined here were apparently homologous among them; in addition, they had a homology with a partial sequence of a starfish lysozyme which had been reported before. The complete sequence of the bivalve lysozyme was determined by peptide mapping and subsequent sequence analysis. This was composed of 123 amino acids including as many as 14 cysteine residues and did not show a clear homology with the known types of lysozymes. However, the homology search of this protein on the protein or nucleic acid database revealed two homologous proteins. One of them was a gene product, CELF22 A3.6 of C. elegans, which was a functionally unknown protein. The other was an isopeptidase of a medicinal leech, named destabilase. Thus, a new type of lysozyme found in at least four species across the three classes of the invertebrates demonstrates a novel class of protein/lysozyme family in invertebrates. The bivalve lysozyme, first characterized here, showed extremely high protein stability and hen lysozyme-like enzymatic features.
High-Performance Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistor with Nickel-Titanium Oxide by Sol-Gel Spin-Coating and Fluorine Implantation (2010)

2010 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,High-Performance Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistor with Nickel-Titanium Oxide by Sol-Gel Spin-Coating and Fluorine Implantation
Light-activated deoxyguanosine: photochemical regulation of peroxidase activity (2008)

Photochemical activation of a deoxyribozyme with peroxidase activity was achieved by the synthesis and incorporation of a caged deoxyguanosine.
Characterization of Localized Atmospheric Turbulence Layer Using Laser Light Backscattered off Moving Target (2020)

A concept of atmospheric turbulence characterization using laser light backscattered off a moving unresolved target or a moving target with a glint is considered and analyzed through wave-optics numerical simulations. The technique is based on analysis of the autocorrelation function and variance of the power signal measured by the target-in-the-loop atmospheric sensing (TILAS) system composed of a single-mode-fiber-based optical transceiver and the moving target. It is shown that the TILAS received power signal autocorrelation function strongly depends on the turbulence distribution and is weakly sensitive to the turbulence strength, while the signal variance equally depends on these parameters. Assuming the atmospheric turbulence model can be represented by a single spatially localized turbulence layer and the target position and speed are known independently, consecutive analysis of the autocorrelation function and variance of the TILAS signal allows evaluation of both the turbulence layer strength and position along the optical propagation path. It is also demonstrated that the autocorrelation function can potentially be used for the atmospheric turbulence outer scale estimation.
Impact of acute exposure to cigarette smoke on airway gene expression (2018)

Acute exposure to as little as three cigarettes and chronic smoking induce largely concordant changes in airway epithelial gene expression. Differences in short-term and long-term effects of smoking on metallothionein expression and their relationship to lung cancer requires further study given these enzymes' role in the oxidative stress response.
Human blood neutrophils generate ROS through FcγR-signaling to mediate protection against febrile P. falciparum malaria (2023)

Blood phagocytes, such as neutrophils and monocytes, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a part of host defense response against infections. We investigated the mechanism of Fcγ-Receptor (FcγR) mediated ROS production in these cells to understand how they contribute to anti-malarial immunity. Plasmodium falciparum merozoites opsonized with naturally occurring IgG triggered both intracellular and extracellular ROS generation in blood phagocytes, with neutrophils being the main contributors. Using specific inhibitors, we show that both FcγRIIIB and FcγRIIA acted synergistically to induce ROS production in neutrophils, and that NADPH oxidase 2 and the PI3K intracellular signal transduction pathway were involved in this process. High levels of neutrophil ROS were also associated with protection against febrile malaria in two geographically diverse malaria endemic regions from Ghana and India, stressing the importance of the cooperation between anti-malarial IgG and neutrophils in triggering ROS-mediated parasite killing as a mechanism for naturally acquired immunity against malaria.
Design and optimization of magnetic gears with arrangement and mechanical constraints for wind turbine applications (2016)

This article deals with the design and the optimization of magnetic and mechanical (structural) parts of magnetic gears for wind turbine applications. In particular, the design takes into account structural aspects of magnetic gears as well as mechanical constraints (deformation and stress) of the system. Geometric parameters are optimized in order to minimize the material cost for a 3.9 MW, 15 rpm wind turbine. This optimization includes magnetostatic and mechanical stationary finite element analyses. Optimization results show the necessity to take into account mechanical constraints particularly for the fixed ferromagnetic pole pieces.
SAR distributions of a four element interstitial hyperthermia array (1992)

Hyperthennia induced by interstitial microwave applicators has proven to be effective in the treatment of malignant tumors particularly when used in conjunction with ionizing radiation and chemotherapeutic drugs. During hyperthermia treatment the tumor temperature is raised above 42°C at which point many normal cellular functions are impaired. Cancer cells have been shown to be more sensitive to elevated temperature than normal cells, however temperature extremes can cause damage and even burning of healthy tissue. It is thus of primary importance to ensure that the power density is sufficiently high to reach therapeutic temperatures in the entire tumor and decays rapidly outside the tumor volume.
A phase II, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating efficacy and safety of namodenoson (CF102), an A3 adenosine receptor agonist (A3AR), as a second-line treatment in patients with Child-Pugh B (CPB) advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). (2019)

2503 Background: There is no established primary treatment for patients with advanced HCC and severe liver dysfunction (Child-Pugh B class; CPB), thus this representing a clear unmet need. Namodenoson, an A 3 AR agonist, showed promising preliminary results in this population in an open label phase 1/2 clinical study (NCT00790218), with median overall survival (OS) of 8.1 months. We present the results of a double blind, randomized phase 2, placebo-controlled study (NCT02128958), assessing the efficacy and safety of namodenoson as a second-line therapy of patients with advanced HCC and CPB class. Methods: Patients were randomized 2:1 to BID namodenoson (25 mg; n = 50) or placebo (n = 28) in 15 centers globally. Primary endpoint was OS and secondary endpoints were safety, progression-free survival (PFS), objective response (OR) and disease control rate (DCR). Assessment of OS and PFS was done by log rank test at a one final analysis when 75 deaths had occurred. Response was assessed by RECIST (local investigator) and mRECIST (central review). Results: The study did not meet the primary end point, with median OS 4.1 months (mo) for namodenoson vs. 4.3 mo for placebo (HR: 0.82). Pre-planned subgroup analysis of Child-Pugh 7 patients (n=56; namodenoson=34, placebo=21) showed median survival 6.8mo vs 4.3 mo [HR: 0.77 (95% CI 0.49-1.40)]. Similarly, for this subgroup of patients PFS was 3.5 mo vs 1.9 (HR=0.87). In terms of objective response, 3/34 patients assessed achieved OR (9%) with namodenoson vs 0% for placebo. Namodenoson was generally well-tolerated, with no treated patients being withdrawn for toxicity and no cases of treatment-related deaths. The most common adverse event (&gt;10%) were anemia, abdominal pain, ascites, nausea, asthenia, fatigue, peripheral edema, and increased AST. Treatment-related grade 3 toxicities accounted for anemia, fatigue and hyponatremia. Conclusions: Namodenoson has demonstrated favorable clinical safety profile in patients with advanced HCC and severe liver dysfunction. Although the primary end-point was not met, the subgroup analysis showed a positive signal of efficacy for OS in patients with Child-Pugh 7. Both safety and efficacy results warrant testing this drug in a phase III trial. Clinical trial information: NCT02128958.
Risk factors for disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2019)

In this retrospective study of a randomised trial of simtuzumab in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), prodromal decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) was significantly associated with increased risk of mortality, respiratory and all-cause hospitalisations, and categorical disease progression. Predictive modelling of progression-free survival event risk was used to assess the effect of population enrichment for patients at risk of rapid progression of IPF; C-index values were 0.64 (death), 0.69 (disease progression), and 0.72 (adjudicated respiratory hospitalisation) and 0.76 (all-cause hospitalisation). Predictive modelling may be a useful tool for improving efficiency of clinical trials with categorical end points.
The process capability of multi‐cavity pressure control for the injection molding process (1997)

Abstract Cavity pressure has been recognized as a critical process parameter for the injection molding of high quality thermoplastic parts. This Interest has led to the achievement of closed loop cavity pressure control, but only at one point in the mold cavity. A system has been recently described that extends this capability to provide simultaneous control of cavity pressure at multiple locations in the mold through the addition of dynamic valves in the melt delivery system, each of which can be independently controlled to meter flow and pressure to its portion of the mold. This paper describes the ability of the multi‐cavity pressure control system to improve process capability and molded part quality. Experimental investigation has shown that the technology enables significant process flexibility to arbitrarily balance flow, move knit‐lines, and control multiple part dimensions. In the presence of typical production process disturbances, moreover, closed loop multi‐cavity pressure control was shown to increase the process capability index, Cp , from 0.52 for the conventional injection molding process to 1.5. After these capabilities have been discussed, several limitations of the process are described that lead to promising areas of future research.