gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of magnetic field coverage inside the car for passive access system entry (2009)

This paper addresses the development and the validation of the simulation approach for the estimation magnetic field coverage inside the cars. Using electromagnetic simulation software based on Method of Moments (MoM) and special developed simulation models the magnetic field has been computed inside the car. The on-car measurement results confirm the simulated values of the magnetic field. The average relative deviation between simulation and measurements (take as reference) for the magnetic induction within various areas positioned inside the car is less than 10% while the absolute deviation not exceed 3nT.
Two-stage pedestrian classification in automotive radar systems (2011)

Road and city traffic is dangerous for all car drivers and especially for pedestrians. Latest accident statistics [1] show that in 25% of all accidents pedestrians are involved. It is therefore important to protect especially those vulnerable traffic participants, e.g. by acoustic alarm signals or outside airbags, in case of an unavoidable accident. 24 GHz radar sensors with their all-weather capability are already in use in vehicles, and have great advantages compared with other automotive sensor systems. It has been described in [2], how the Doppler spectrum and the range profile are analyzed in a target recognition system for pedestrian detection. To increase the probability of correct classification, additional signal features have to be used. Also, a very fast target recognition system is required to respond and react quickly in dangerous situations. This paper is focused on a two-stage target classification system. Initially, the Doppler spectrum and range profile are extracted from the radar echo signal and applied in the recognition system. In a second step, additional features are calculated from the tracker which are fed back to the target recognition system to improve the system performance and to increase the probability of correct classification. © 2011 DGON.
Impact of the Change in CMS Billing Rules for Erythropoietin on Hemoglobin Outcomes in Dialysis Patients (2006)

On April 1, 2006, new Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) rules for billing erythropoietin (EPO) for dialysis patients went into effect. Two key provisions of the rules were to cap the dose for a single patient at 500,000 IU/month and to mandate a 25% reduction in dose for patients whose latest hemoglobin (HGB) or hematocrit (HCT) in the prior month exceeded 13 g/dl or 39%, respectively. The purpose of this article is to document the effect of the rules change on HGB outcomes in a single large dialysis provider whose computer system was modified to enforce the rules. HGB and EPO doses for 5 months following the implementation were analyzed retrospectively. The most noteworthy observation is that while the rule appears to have reduced the percentage of patients with an HGB of >13 g/dl slightly, it has also increased the percentage of patients with HGB in the medically undesirable range of <11 g/dl.
Impact of Nonlinear Power Amplifier on Link Adaptation Algorithm of OFDM Systems (2007)

The impact of non linear distortion due to high power amplifier (HPA) on the performance of link adaptation (LA) - orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based wireless system is analyzed. The performance of both forward error control coding (FEC) encoded and uncoded system is evaluated. LA maximizes the throughput while maintaining a required block error rate (BLER). It is found that when OFDM signal, which has high PAPR, suffers non linear distortion due to non ideal HPA, the LA fails to meet the target BLER. Detailed analysis of the distortion and effects on LA are presented in this work.
Sensitivity analysis of the effect of forced convection on photovoltaic module temperature and energy yield (2019)

With the growing competition of utility-scale photovoltaic (PV) plants to provide electricity to the grid, accurate energy yield simulation is becoming essential. Apart from irradiance, forced convection can have an equally significant impact on solar cell temperature, which in turn affects the power output, hence the energy yield. As a consequence, the wind must be taken into account for an accurate estimation of PV installations' energy yield. However, no earlier studies have systematically investigated the impact of wind on precise energy yield simulation. In this study, we investigate how sensitive is PV module's output to forced convection. First, we reveal a significant deviation between the simulated PV module's energy yield and cell temperature compared to experimental results in case dynamic wind effects are neglected. Secondly, for controlled incremental forced convection with a steady state scenario, we show that for higher wind speed the change of PV module's cell temperature and power output is small with different forced convection. Whereas, for the low wind speed, small changes of forced convection imply a larger variation of the PV module's cell temperature and power output. This shows that for high wind speed region energy yield estimation is less sensitive on modelling errors. Whereas for the low wind speed region it is highly sensitive.
Cooperation between p53 and the telomere-protecting shelterin component Pot1a in endometrial carcinogenesis (2012)

Type II endometrial cancer (EMCA) represents only 10% of all EMCAs, but accounts for 40% of EMCA-related mortality. Previous studies of human tumors have shown an association between Type II tumors and damaged telomeres. We hypothesized that the lack of murine Type II EMCA models is due to the extremely long telomeres in laboratory mouse strains. We previously showed that telomerase-null mice with critically short telomeres developed endometrial lesions histologically resembling endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma (EIC), the accepted precursor for Type II EMCA. However, these mice did not develop invasive endometrial adenocarcinoma, and instead succumbed prematurely to multi-organ failure. Here, we modeled critical telomere attrition by conditionally inactivating Pot1a, a component of the shelterin complex that stabilizes telomeres, within endometrial epithelium. Inactivation of Pot1a by itself did not stimulate endometrial carcinogenesis, and did not result in detectable DNA damage or apoptosis in endometrium. However, simultaneous inactivation of Pot1a and p53 resulted in EIC-like lesions by 9 months indistinguishable from those seen in late generation telomerase-null mice. These lesions progressed to invasive endometrial adenocarcinomas as early as 9 months of age with metastatic disease in 100% of the animals by 15 months. These tumors were poorly differentiated endometrial adenocarcinomas with prominent nuclear atypia, resembling human Type II cancers. Furthermore, these tumors were aneuploid with double-stranded DNA breaks and end-to-end telomere fusions and most were tetraploid or near-tetraploid. These studies lend further support to the hypothesis that telomeric instability has a critical role in Type II endometrial carcinogenesis and provides an intriguing in-vivo correlate to recent studies implicating telomere-dependent tetraploidization as an important mechanism in carcinogenesis.
Lowering the Band Gap of Ethylenedioxythiophene Polymers: Cyanovinylene-Linked Biheterocycles (1999)

Low band gap organic electrochromic polymers show promise for devices that can switch absorptive/transmissive states in both the infrared and visible spectral regions. Here we describe a rationale for lowering the band gaps of conducting polymers by incorporating donoracceptor units along a polymer backbone. In this instance, we have employed 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) and cyanovinylene linkages as electron rich and electron poor components respectively. The substitution pattern around the vinyl group has been varied resulting in polymers with bandgaps ranging from 1.1-1.6 eV when prepared via oxidative electropolymerization followed by subsequent charge neutralization. The polymers have been characterized by cyclic voltammetry and spectroelectrochemistry with coloration efficiencies and chronoabsorptometry results reported.
Casting Single Crystal Silicon: Novel Defect Profiles from BP Solar's Mono<sup>2</sup><sup> TM </sup>Wafers (2007)

A novel crystal growth method has been developed for the production of ingots, bricks and wafers for solar cells. Monocrystallinity is achievable over large volumes with minimal dislocation incorporation. The resulting defect types, densities and interactions are described both microscopically for wafers and macroscopically for the ingot, looking closely at the impact of the defects on minority carrier lifetime. Solar cells of 156 cm2 size have been produced ranging up to 17% in efficiency using industrial screen print processes.
Demystifying magic (2009)

The power of high-level languages lies in their abstraction over hardware and software complexity, leading to greater security, better reliability, and lower development costs. However, opaque abstractions are often show-stoppers for systems programmers, forcing them to either break the abstraction, or more often, simply give up and use a different language. This paper addresses the challenge of opening up a high-level language to allow practical low-level programming without forsaking integrity or performance.
Colloidal Synthesis and Self-Assembly of CoPt3 Nanocrystals  [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 11480−11485]. (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionColloidal Synthesis and Self-Assembly of CoPt3 Nanocrystals [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002, 124, 11480−11485].Elena V. Shevchenko, Dmitri V. Talapin, Andrey L. Rogach, Andreas Kornowski, Markus Haase, and Horst WellerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 46, 13958Publication Date (Web):October 26, 2002Publication History Published online26 October 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja028730phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja028730pcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1027Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (14 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multigenic human hypertension: evidence for subtypes and hope for haplotypes. (1990)

Hypertension that occurs before the age of 60 years is strongly aggregated in families, mostly due to genetic factors with weaker contributions from a shared family environment. Hypertension is probably a heterogeneous collection of overlapping subsets of pathophysiological mechanisms, such as dyslipidemia, obesity, hyperinsulinemia and cation metabolism. Highly heritable traits such as sodium-lithium countertransport, urinary kallikrein excretion and a body fat pattern index show evidence of major gene segregation in families with hypertension. They are thought to be intermediate phenotypes in the chain of pathophysiological events leading from specific genes to the distant phenotype of hypertension. They provide evidence of measurable contributions from single gene traits to the susceptibility to hypertension. Genetic linkage studies have suggested that other specific loci (e.g. histocompatibility leukocyte antigen, blood group MN and the haptoglobin protein) contribute to the susceptibility to hypertension. DNA sequencing has shown a point mutation for lipoprotein lipase that conveys susceptibility to lipid abnormalities, and possibly also hypertension, as seen in families with dyslipidemic hypertension. Further application of these approaches, especially in families that include multiple siblings with hypertension, shows promise of a true understanding of how the combined effects of a few specific genes, the polygenic background and selected environmental factors can lead to essential hypertension. This understanding should foster better tailored and more effective approaches to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hypertension.
Frontispiece: Borylative Radical Cyclizations of Benzo[3,4]cyclodec‐3‐ene‐1,5‐diynes and N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Boranes (2017)

Boryl radicals attack alkynes of strained diynes to induce subsequent radical cyclization. The image illustrates a radical chain reaction (the photo of space was taken by NASA). There are few examples of boryl radical addition to triple bonds, but the chemistry of N-heterocyclic carbene–boranes realizes this rare transformation. The reaction is a new model for expanding utilization of boryl radicals to synthetic methods. More information can be found in the Communication by D. P. Curran, T. Taniguchi et al. on page 5404 ff.
In utero undernourishment perturbs the adult sperm methylome and intergenerational metabolism (2014)

Adverse prenatal environments can promote metabolic disease in offspring and subsequent generations. Animal models and epidemiological data implicate epigenetic inheritance, but the mechanisms remain unknown. In an intergenerational developmental programming model affecting F2 mouse metabolism, we demonstrate that the in utero nutritional environment of F1 embryos alters the germline DNA methylome of F1 adult males in a locus-specific manner. Differentially methylated regions are hypomethylated and enriched in nucleosome-retaining regions. A substantial fraction is resistant to early embryo methylation reprogramming, which may have an impact on F2 development. Differential methylation is not maintained in F2 tissues, yet locus-specific expression is perturbed. Thus, in utero nutritional exposures during critical windows of germ cell development can impact the male germline methylome, associated with metabolic disease in offspring.
Accuracy, Coverage, and Speed: What Do They Mean to Users? (2000)

Speech is becoming increasingly popular as an interface modality, especially in hands- and eyes-busy situations where the use of a keyboard or mouse is difficult. However, despite the fact that many have hailed speech as being inherently usable (since everyone already knows how to talk), most users of speech input are left feeling disappointed by the quality of the interaction. Clearly, there is much work to be done on the design of usable spoken interfaces. We believe that there are two major problems in the design of speech interfaces, namely, (a) the people who are currently working on the design of speech interfaces are, for the most part, not interface designers and therefore do not have as much experience with usability issues as we in the CHI community do, and (b) speech, as an interface modality, has vastly different properties than other modalities, and therefore requires different usability measures.
Active islanding detection method via current injection disturbance using Elman neural network (2014)

Islanding detection is an essential protection requirement for distributed generators for personnel and equipment safety. This study presents a new active islanding detection method via current injection disturbance using intelligent tracking control of the active and reactive power commands. First, an active islanding detection method based on injecting a disturbance signal into the system through the d-axis current which leads to a frequency deviation at the terminal of the RLC load when the grid is disconnected is proposed. The feasibility of the proposed method is evaluated under the UL1741 anti-islanding test configuration. Then, to further improve the performance of the islanding detection method, an Elman neural network intelligent controller is adopted to replace the proportional-integral controller used in the traditional injection method for islanding detection. Moreover, the network structure and the online learning algorithm are described in detail. Finally, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed current injection disturbance method are verified with experimental results.
Fast and Smooth Initial Position and Magnet Polarity Estimation of Salient and Near Zero Saliency PM Synchronous Machines (2005)

A general solution for initial position and magnet polarity estimation on PM machines is presented. The technique is based on carrier frequency signal injection and proves to be fast, simple and parameter insensitive. It is applied to both salient and very low saliency PM synchronous machines of different power levels. An important step to understanding the implementation is to map the saliency and magnet polarity information as a function of rotor position. A state filter topology is proposed to ensure fast, smooth and robust convergence of the initial position and magnet polarity estimation for a SPMSM with an extremely low saliency ratio. Test results demonstrate consistent performance across different machine types
Surfactant mixtures: A short review (2022)

Abstract Every commercial formulation that contains surfactant contains a mixture of surfactants. This chapter is a short review on surfactant mixtures in water focusing on important concepts that differ from single‐component systems. The chapter assumes a basic understanding of surfactants. Topics include micelles; adsorption at the air–water, oil–water, and water–solid interfaces; and phase behavior/precipitation. Mixtures of surfactant types that are important in applications are emphasized. In addition, those molecular aspects that affect macroscopic behavior, especially macroscopic behavior that is important for applications of surfactants, are emphasized.
Ion traps in modern mass spectrometry (2017)

This review is devoted to trapping mass spectrometry wherein ions are confined by electromagnetic fields for prolonged periods of time within limited volume, with mass measurement taking place within the same volume. Three major types of trapping mass spectrometers are discussed, specifically radiofrequency ion trap, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and Orbitrap. While these three branches are intricately interwoven with each other over their recent history, they also differ greatly in their fundamentals, roots and historical origin. This diversity is reflected also in the difference of viewpoints from which each of these directions is addressed in this review. Following the theme of the issue, we focus on developments mainly associated with the country of Germany but, at the same time, we use this review as an illustration of the rapidly increasing globalization of science and expanding multi-national collaborations.
High-drive current (&#x003E;1MA/cm<sup>2</sup>) and highly nonlinear (&#x003E;10<sup>3</sup>) TiN/amorphous-Silicon/TiN scalable bidirectional selector with excellent reliability and its variability impact on the 1S1R array performance (2014)

An optimized TiN/amorphous-Silicon/TiN (MSM) two-terminal bidirectional selector is proposed for high density RRAM arrays. The devices show superior performance with high drive current exceeding 1MA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and half-bias nonlinearity of 1500. Excellent reliability is fully demonstrated on 40nm-size crossbar structures, with statistical ability to withstand bipolar cycling of over 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> cycles at drive current conditions and thermal stability of device operation exceeding 3hours at 125°C. Furthermore, for the first time, we address the impact of selector variability in a 1S1R memory array, by including circuit simulations in a Monte Carlo loop and point out the importance of selector variability for the low resistive state and its implications on the read margin and power consumption.
Carbon dioxide capture and separation techniques for advanced power generation point sources (2006)

The capture/separation step for carbon dioxide (CO2) from large-point sources is a critical one with respect to the technical feasibility and cost of the overall carbon sequestration scenario. For large-point sources, such as those found in power generation, the carbon dioxide capture techniques being investigated by the in-house research area of the National Energy Technology Laboratory possess the potential for improved efficiency and costs as compared to more conventional technologies. The investigated techniques can have wide applications, but the research has focused on capture/separation of carbon dioxide from flue gas (postcombustion from fossil fuel-fired combustors) and from fuel gas (precombustion, such as integrated gasification combined cycle – IGCC). With respect to fuel gas applications, novel concepts are being developed in wet scrubbing with physical absorption; chemical absorption with solid sorbents; and separation by membranes. In one concept, a wet scrubbing technique is being investigated that uses a physical solvent process to remove CO2 from fuel gas of an IGCC system at elevated temperature and pressure. The need to define an ideal solvent has led to the study of the solubility and mass transfer properties of various solvents. Fabrication techniques and mechanistic studies for hybrid membranes separating CO2 from the fuel gas produced by coal gasification are also being performed. Membranes that consist of CO2-philic silanes incorporated into an alumina support or ionic liquids encapsulated into a polymeric substrate have been investigated for permeability and selectivity. An overview of two novel techniques is presented along with a research progress status of each technology.
The CFTR gene: male infertility and assisted conception (1999)

Approximately 30–40% of couples seeking fertility treatments have male factor infertility. Their dysfunctions include azoospermia, oligozoospermia, asthenozoospermia and teratozoospermia. Those with azoospermia represent about 25% of the total, and of these about 30% have an obstructive process while the remaining have either primary or secondary testicular failure. In the obstructive azoospermia group, 25% of males have congenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD).
Ultrasensitive nanowire pressure sensor makes its debut (2010)

A membrane pressure sensor with embedded piezoresistive silicon nanowires (NW) has been demonstrated to have an ultrasensitive piezoresistive response of (ΔR/R)/ΔP of 13 Pa−1. This was achieved through the effective tuning of the transverse electric field across the NW. The fabrication of the sensor is fully based on CMOS compatible technique. P-type 〈110〉 oriented NWs with a square cross-section of 100 nm were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers, acting as the sensing elements. The NWs’ exceptional properties and minute size will enable further shrinking of footprint of pressure sensors and other NEMS sensors with increased sensitivity, opening a way to new applications like implantable medical devices.