gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Temperature CO Oxidation over Combustion Made Fe- and Cr-Doped Co3O4 Catalysts: Role of Dopant’s Nature toward Achieving Superior Catalytic Activity and Stability (2017)

Co3O4 with a spinel structure shows unique activity for CO oxidation at low temperature under dry conditions; however the active surface is not very stable. In this study, two series of Fe- and Cr-doped Co3O4 catalysts were prepared by a single-step solution combustion technique. Fe was chosen because of its redox activity corresponding to the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couple and compared to Cr, which is mainly stable in the Cr3+ state. The catalytic activity of new materials for low-temperature CO oxidation was correlated to the nature of the dopant. As a function of dopant concentration, the temperature corresponding to the 50% CO conversion (T50) demonstrated significant differences. The maximal activity was achieved for 15% Fe-doped Co3O4 with T50 of −85 °C and remained almost constant up to 25% Fe. In the case of Cr, the activity was observed to be maximum for 7% of Cr with T50 of −42 °C and significantly decreased for higher Cr loadings. Similarly, there was a contrasting behavior in catalyst stability too. 100% CO conversion was achieved below −60 °C for 15% Fe/Co3O4 catalyst and remained unchanged even after calcination at 600 °C. In contrast, Co3O4 or 15% Cr/Co3O4 catalysts strongly deactivated after the same treatment. These differences were correlated to the oxidation states, coordination numbers, the nature of surface planes, and the redox properties. We observed that both Cr and Fe were typically present in the +3 oxidation state, occupying octahedral sites in the spinel structure. The catalysts were mainly exposed to (111) and (220) planes on the surface. H2-TPR indicated clear differences in the redox activity of materials due to Fe and Cr substitutions. The reducibility of surface Co3+ species remained similar in all Fe-doped Co3O4 catalysts in contrast to nonreducible Cr-doped analogs, which shifted the reduction temperature to the higher values. As the Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple partly substituted the Co3+/Co2+ redox couple in the spinel structure, similar bond strength of Fe–O keep redox activity of Co3+ species almost unchanged leading to higher activity and stability of Fe/Co3O4 catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation. In contrast, nonreducible Cr3+ species characterized by strong Cr–O bond substituting active Co3+ sites can make the Cr/Co3O4 surface less active for CO oxidation.
Room temperature unpassivated InAs p-i-n photodetectors grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1997)

An unpassivated InAs p-i-n photodetector with excellent performance at room temperature was demonstrated. The zero-bias resistance area products of the diode with 720-nm thick i-layer are 8.1 /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ at room temperature and as high as 1.3 M /spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/ at 77 K. At 77 K, the diode exhibits a breakdown voltage exceeding 13 V. When tested under a 500 K blackbody source, the measured detectivity limited by Johnson noise is 1.2/spl times/10/sup 10/ cm-Hz/sup 1/2 //W at room temperature and 8.1/spl times/10/sup 11/ cm-Hz/sup 1/2 //W at 77 K. To our knowledge, this is the best data for a room temperature infrared detector.
On the Maximal Diversity Order of Spatial Multiplexing With Transmit Antenna Selection (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Zhang recently derived upper and lower bounds on the achievable diversity of an $N_R \times N_T$ i.i.d. Rayleigh fading multiple antenna system using transmit antenna selection, spatial multiplexing and a linear receiver structure. For the case of $L = 2$ transmitting (out of $N_T$ available) antennas the bounds are tight and therefore specify the maximal diversity order. For the general case with $L \leq \min(N_R,N_T)$ transmitting antennas it was conjectured that the maximal diversity is $(N_T-L+1)(N_R-L+1)$ which coincides with the lower bound. Herein, we prove this conjecture for the zero forcing and zero forcing decision feedback (with optimal detection ordering) receiver structures. </para>
Strength of Beam-column Joint in Soft First Story of RC Buildings Part 2: Design Equations (2014)

Part-1 of this study presents the experimental results of beam-column joints in soft-first story buildings, in which the first-story column depth is twice that of the upper stories. In Part-2, strut-and-tie models (STMs) are developed for the specimens. The flow of internal forces shown by the developed strut-and-tie models agreed with the observed cracks. The developed models for the joints are different from those for the usual joint: the main difference is that, in the specimens large struts were extended into the wall panel. STMs are also developed for the total frame to understand the overall equilibrium. Based on the STMs, new design equations are proposed, where the joint strength is evaluated as the sum of the flexural strengths of the beam and the second-story column. In I-type joint, the effect of the wall panel and beam stirrups is also considered. In O-type joint, the effect of the hoops in the joint is also considered.
Probabilistic Design of Nonlinear Optical Transmission Systems (2016)

We apply probabilistic design to optical transmission systems, exploiting the nonlinearity present to minimize transmitted variation. We quantify through theory and experimental verification the benefits afforded by taking uncertainty into account at the design stage.
Re-examination on the Formation of Wonhyo’s Special Exposition on the Awakening of Mahayana Faith (2017)

원효의「대승기신론」주석서 중 하나인 별기는 「소」와 마찬가지로「대승기신론」 전체에 대한 주석서의 형식을 취하면서도 , 본문 전체에 대해 고르게 설명하고 있는「소」와 달리 본문 중의 적지 않은 부분에 대해서는 아무런 설명을 제시하지 않는 반면 일부 특정 부분에 대해서는 지나치게 긴 분량의 설명을 제시하는 특이한 서술 모습을 보여주고 있다 . 또한 「별기」는...
Generating Benchmarks for Factuality Evaluation of Language Models (2023)

Before deploying a language model (LM) within a given domain, it is important to measure its tendency to generate factually incorrect information in that domain. Existing methods for factuality evaluation of LLM generation focus on facts sampled from the LM itself, and thus do not control the set of evaluated facts and might under-represent domain specific or rare facts. We propose FACTOR: Factual Assessment via Corpus TransfORmation, a scalable approach for evaluating LM factuality. FACTOR automatically transforms a factual corpus of interest into a benchmark evaluating an LM's propensity to generate true facts from the corpus vs. similar but incorrect statements. We use our framework to create three benchmarks: Wiki-FACTOR, News-FACTOR and Expert-FACTOR. We show that: (i) our benchmark scores increase with model size and improve when the LM is augmented with retrieval; (ii) benchmark score and perplexity do not always agree on model ranking; (iii) when perplexity and benchmark score disagree, the latter better reflects factuality in open-ended generation, as measured by human annotators. We make our data and code publicly available in https://github.com/AI21Labs/factor.
CLN: Cross-Domain Learning Network for 2D Image-Based 3D Shape Retrieval (2021)

Retrieving 3D shapes based on 2D images is a challenging research topic, due to the significant gap between different domains. Recently, various approaches have been proposed to handle this problem. However, the majority of methods target the cross-domain retrieval task as a pure domain adaptation problem, which focuses on the alignment but ignores the visual relevance between the 2D images and their corresponding 3D shapes. To fundamentally decrease the divergence between different domains, we propose a novel cross-domain learning network (CLN) for 2D image-based 3D shape retrieval task. First, we estimate the pose information from the 2D image to guide the view rendering of 3D shapes, which increases the visual correlations of the cross-domain data to eliminate the divergence between them. Second, we introduce a novel joint learning network, considering both the domain-specific characteristics and the cross-domain interactions for data alignment, which further compensates for the gap between different domains by controlling the distance of intra- and inter-classes. After the metric learning process, discriminative descriptors of images and shapes are generated for the cross-domain retrieval task. To prove the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method, we conduct extensive experiments on the MI3DOR, SHREC’13, and SHREC’14 datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the superiority of our proposed method, and significant improvements have been achieved compared with state-of-the-art methods.
TEM analysis of creep deformation micromechanisms in the AD730TM Ni-based disk superalloy (2016)

International audience
Tunable Er3+/Yb3+ Codoped Fiber Amplifiers Covering S- and C-Bands (1460 ~ 1580 nm) Based on Discrete Fundamental-Mode Cutoff (2006)

We demonstrate thermo-optic wavelength-tunable Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fiber amplifiers by using discrete in-line tunable short-pass tapered-fiber filters based on tunable material dispersion. The amplification can occur from 1460 nm to 1580 nm, covering both the S- and C- bands.
Electrochemically stimulating developments in bioelectronic medicine (2018)

Cellular homeostasis is in part controlled by biological generated electrical activity. By interfacing biology with electronic devices this electrical activity can be modulated to actuate cellular behaviour. There are current limitations in merging electronics with biology sufficiently well to target and sense specific electrically active components of cells. By addressing this limitation, researchers give rise to new capabilities for facilitating the two-way transduction signalling mechanisms between the electronic and cellular components. This is required to allow significant advancement of bioelectronic technology which offers new ways of treating and diagnosing diseases. Most of the progress that has been achieved to date in developing bioelectronic therapeutics stimulate neural communication, which ultimately orchestrates organ function back to a healthy state. Some devices used in therapeutics include cochlear and retinal implants and vagus nerve stimulators. However, all cells can be impacted by electrical inputs which gives rise to the opportunity to broaden the use of bioelectronic medicine for treating disease. Electronic actuation of non-excitable cells has been shown to lead to 'programmed' cell behaviour via application of electronic input which alter key biological processes. A neglected form of cellular electrical communication which has not yet been considered when developing bioelectronic therapeutics is faradaic currents. These are generated during redox reactions. A precedent of electrochemical technology being used to modulate these reactions, thereby controlling cell behaviour, has already been set. In this mini review we highlight the current state of the art of electronic routes to modulating cell behaviour and identify new ways in which electrochemistry could be used to contribute to the new field of bioelectronic medicine.
Acoustic analysis of some speech discrimination abilities of normal and language impaired children (1980)

The ability of 35 language impaired (LI) and 38 normally developing children between the ages of 5 and 9 years to discriminate between speech stimuli using an operantly conditioned, nonverbal motor response was investigated. Six syllable contrasts (/ba/ vs /da/, /da/ vs /ta/, /ε/ vs /ae/, /dab/ vs /daeb/, /sa/ vs /sta/ and /sa/ vs /∫s/) were selected to investigate discrimination of various temporal and spectral cues. Results demonstrated that the pattern of difficulty in discriminating the six stimulus pairs was different for the LI and normal children. The LI group made most errors on syllables which were differentiated by consonants and fewest errors on those differentiated by vowels. The normal group made most errors discriminating between syllables including fricatives and brief vowels and fewest errors on stimuli differentiated by stop consonants or vowels in context. The LI group was significantly poorer than the normals in discriminating all syllables that incorporated brief temporal cues followed rapidly in succession by other acoustic cues. They also were impaired in discriminating /sa/ vs /∫a/. Constraints demonstrated by LI children may be attributed to abnormalities in mechanisms involved in auditory masking.
Forearm Deformities in Hereditary Multiple Exostosis (2012)

Level IV.
Exploration with massive sensor swarms (2013)

In this paper algorithms for wireless sensor networks (WSN) localization and tracking are presented. They are optimized for the exploration of inaccessible environments with unknown shape and dynamics. The algorithms are based on semidefinite programming (SDP) and unscented Kalman filtering (UKF). The SDP approach is derived from a recent solution for WSN localization with anchor node uncertainty, but has been formulated iteratively and allows, therefore, the utilization of massive sensors swarms, which has not been investigates so far.
Syntheses of Some New Fluorine Containing Indole Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity (1979)

Journal Article Syntheses of Some New Fluorine Containing Indole Derivatives and Their Antibacterial Activity Get access Krishna C Joshi, Krishna C Joshi Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan., Jaipur-302004, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Vijai N Pathak, Vijai N Pathak Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan., Jaipur-302004, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Pramila Arya, Pramila Arya Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan., Jaipur-302004, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Pooran Chand Pooran Chand Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan., Jaipur-302004, India Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 43, Issue 1, 1 January 1979, Pages 171–173, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1979.10863416 Published: 01 January 1979 Article history Received: 11 April 1978 Published: 01 January 1979
Evaluating vaccine‐induced immune responses in a murine model of LCMV infection (2009)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects vital cells of the human immune system. Currently, HIV infection is treated with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which is expensive and has severe side effects. Therapeutic vaccination using plasmid DNA has been proposed as an alternative to ART. DNA vaccines have been shown to induce immune responses against encoded proteins that may help treat or cure disease. To study novel DNA vaccine approaches against viral infection we are developing a murine model of infection that mimics HIV infection in humans. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) can establish a chronic infection in mice and is well characterized in the rodent model. We designed a DNA vaccine against LCMV expressing the viral glycoprotein and vaccine potency will be enhanced using in vivo electroporation. To measure vaccine‐specific antibody production in immunized mice, we developed an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using plate‐bound whole LCMV virus. ELISA results are reported from a pilot study examining vaccine dose at two weeks post‐immunization. These responses will be monitored weekly until the study endpoint, at which time vaccine‐specific cellular immune responses will be assessed using murine splenocytes. This work was funded by the HHMI Program, the MARC U*STAR T34 08663, and UPenn SUIP.
Platform for electrically reconfigurable ring resonator based on TMD-graphene composite waveguides (2021)

We show a platform for electrically tuning the degree of coupling in micro-ring resonators from the under-coupled to the over-coupled regime, based on graphene-TMD composite waveguides.
Zusammenfassung und Ausblick (2011)

Das vorliegende Buch befasst sich mit der Motor-Mechanik. Dabei stehen die Berechnung und zeitgemäße Auslegung von Motorkomponenten und Baugruppen für Pkw- und Nkw-Hubkolbenmotoren im Vordergrund. Diese fachliche Beschränkung dient der Begrenzung des Gesamtumfangs des Buches.
The P2000S Unitized Sport Utility Vehicle Body Structure (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The P2000S body structure was designed as part of an advanced research project to determine the feasibility of a high volume, lightweight sport utility vehicle (SUV) that would achieve performance targets of the newly emerging “City SUV” market by developing a unitized (no frame) SUV body structure fabricated principally of aluminum. In order to be viable, this body structure was required to meet all safety, durability, NVH and other functional attributes of a truck while having the ride characteristics of a sedan.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes the P2000S body structure including the structural philosophy, project constraints on the design, manufacturing processes, supporting analyses, assembly processes and unique material and design concepts which resulted in the 50% body structure weight reduction in comparison to similar sized body-on-frame production steel sport utility vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;
Androgen withdrawal fails to induce detectable tissue hypoxia in the rat prostate (2014)

We find no evidence that the rat VP becomes hypoxic at any point following castration using an animal model that closely mimics the human prostate. These data are in contrast to previous reports suggesting prostatic hypoxia occurs following AD and provide assurance that our present therapeutic strategy of neoadjuvant AD followed by radiation is not compromised by AD-induced tissue hypoxia.
Study on the weldability of stainless steel fabricated by powder metallurgy and metal injection molding for optoelectronic packages (2006)

To reduce the cost of optoelectronic modules, powder metallurgy (PM) and metal injection molding (MIM) are employed to fabricate metal housings for optoelectronic packages. During the laser welding of PM steel, the rising gas pressure pushes the molten metal out of the welding regions, resulting in weak and unstable joints. Metal parts fabricated by the MIM method provide good weldability, shape complexity, low cost, and long-term reliability. By using the MIM method, defect-free welding joints and postwelding-shifts of less than 1 µm are achieved, and the optoelectronic packages are reliable. Employment of MIM not only gives optoelectronic module designers more design flexibility due to the advantage of shape complexity, but also makes low-cost triple-directional optoelectronic modules realizable.
Polarization-independent phase modulation using a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (2005)

Polarization-independent phase-only modulation of a polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) is demonstrated. In the low voltage region, PDLC is translucent because of light scattering. Once the voltage exceeds a saturation level, PDLC is highly transparent and exhibits phase-only modulation capability. Although the remaining phase is not too large, it is still sufficient for making adaptive microdevices, such as microlens. A tunable-focus microlens for arrays using PDLC is demonstrated. This kind of microlens is scattering free, polarization independent, and has fast response time.
Magnetic properties of crystalline La0.9Ca0.1MnO3: Comparison of bulk and nanometer-sized samples (2006)

ac and dc magnetic measurements have been employed to probe and compare magnetic ordering in bulk and nanometer-sized La0.9Ca0.1MnO3 single crystals. About the same cationic content was determined in both types of the samples. However, the magnetic ground state of the bulk crystal is characterized by a complex mixture of antiferromagnetically and ferromagnetically ordered phases, while the ground state of the nanosample seems to be ferromagnetic and coexisting with the superparamagnetic state at T&amp;lt;240K. The results are discussed in terms of the different randomness of indirect ferromagnetic exchange interactions mediated by the bound holes.
Candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of drug‐induced liver injury: An international collaborative effort (2018)

Current blood biomarkers are suboptimal in detecting drug-induced liver injury (DILI) and predicting its outcome. We sought to characterize the natural variabilty and performance characteristics of 14 promising DILI biomarker candidates. Serum or plasma from multiple cohorts of healthy volunteers (n = 192 and n = 81), subjects who safely took potentially hepatotoxic drugs without adverse effects (n = 55 and n = 92) and DILI patients (n = 98, n = 28, and n = 143) were assayed for microRNA-122 (miR-122), glutamate dehydrogenase (GLDH), total cytokeratin 18 (K18), caspase cleaved K18, glutathione S-transferase α, alpha-fetoprotein, arginase-1, osteopontin (OPN), sorbitol dehydrogenase, fatty acid binding protein, cadherin-5, macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor (MCSFR), paraoxonase 1 (normalized to prothrombin protein), and leukocyte cell-derived chemotaxin-2. Most candidate biomarkers were significantly altered in DILI cases compared with healthy volunteers. GLDH correlated more closely with gold standard alanine aminotransferase than miR-122, and there was a surprisingly wide inter- and intra-individual variability of miR-122 levels among healthy volunteers. Serum K18, OPN, and MCSFR levels were most strongly associated with liver-related death or transplantation within 6 months of DILI onset. Prediction of prognosis among DILI patients using the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease was improved by incorporation of K18 and MCSFR levels. Conclusion: GLDH appears to be more useful than miR-122 in identifying DILI patients, and K18, OPN, and MCSFR are promising candidates for prediction of prognosis during an acute DILI event. Serial assessment of these biomarkers in large prospective studies will help further delineate their role in DILI diagnosis and management.
Connected Sensors, Innovative Sensor Deployment, and Intelligent Data Analysis for Online Water Quality Monitoring (2021)

The sensor technology for water quality monitoring (WQM) has improved during recent years. The cost-effective sensorised tools that can autonomously measure the essential physical-chemical-biological (PCB) variables are now readily available and are being deployed on buoys, boats, and ships. Yet, there is a disconnect between the data quality, data gathering, and data analysis due to the lack of standardized approaches for data collection and processing, spatiotemporal variation of key parameters in water bodies and new contaminants. Such gaps can be bridged with a network of multiparametric sensor systems deployed in water bodies using autonomous vehicles, such as marine robots and aerial vehicles to broaden the data coverage in space and time. Furthermore, intelligent algorithms [e.g., artificial intelligence (AI)] could be employed for standardized data analysis and forecasting. This article presents a comprehensive review of the sensors, deployment, and analysis technologies for WQM. A network of networked water bodies could enhance the global data intercomparability and enable WQM at a global scale to address global challenges related to food (e.g., aqua/agriculture), drinking water, and health (e.g., water-borne diseases).