gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can images help recognize entities? A study of the role of images for Multimodal NER (2021)

Multimodal named entity recognition (MNER) requires to bridge the gap between language understanding and visual context. While many multimodal neural techniques have been proposed to incorporate images into the MNER task, the model's ability to leverage multimodal interactions remains poorly understood. In this work, we conduct in-depth analyses of existing multimodal fusion techniques from different perspectives and describe the scenarios where adding information from the image does not always boost performance. We also study the use of captions as a way to enrich the context for MNER. Experiments on three datasets from popular social platforms expose the bottleneck of existing multimodal models and the situations where using captions is beneficial. 1
Galactomannan Antigen Testing for Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in Pediatric Hematology Patients (2012)

Data suggest that the serum GM EIA does not provide frequent false-positive results as previously reported. Screening for galactomannan, or a related antigen in urine, needs to be further evaluated as it may be amenable to development of surveillance strategies.
Polarization of the Free-Free Bremsstrahlung in an Anisotropic Hot-Electron Plasma (1971)

The polarization of the free-free bremsstrahlung emitted radially for an anisotropic hot-electron plasma in a magnetic mirror has been measured by means of Compton scattering. The degree of polarization was found to be exceptionally sensitive to changes in system parameters. A quantum-mechanical nonrelativistic theory has been found to agree well with the experimental results.
Surveillance of Fistula Function by Frequent Recirculation Measurements During High Efficiency Dialysis (2002)

Native fistulae are assumed to remain patent even with low access flows and are likely to cause access recirculation in high efficiency treatments done with high extracorporeal blood flows. We tested whether frequent recirculation measurements could be used to identify fistulae at risk to fail because of low access flow. High efficiency hemodialysis was delivered by 2008H machines equipped with blood temperature monitors (BTM) to measure recirculation within the first hour of every hemodialysis treatment. Access flow was measured when two consecutive BTM recirculation measurements exceeded a threshold of 15%. If access flow was < 500 ml/min, patients were referred for fistula revision. Eighty patients with native AV fistulae were studied for a period of 6 months. Nine of 11 interventions performed during the whole observation period were triggered by a BTM recirculation above the threshold. Two fistulae thrombosed in spite of a BTM recirculation below the threshold. One fistula with a BTM recirculation above the threshold had an access flow of 1,550 ml/min and was not referred for revision. BTM recirculation to detect fistulae for revision is sensitive (81.8%) and specific (98.6%) in the presence of cardiopulmonary recirculation and can be done with minimum intervention and without loss of efficient treatment time.
Conditions for detecting overlapped peaks with principal component analysis in hyphenated chromatographic methods (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConditions for detecting overlapped peaks with principal component analysis in hyphenated chromatographic methodsPaul J. Gemperline and J. Craig. HamiltonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1989, 61, 20, 2240–2243Publication Date (Print):October 15, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 October 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00195a006Request reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (505 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance Comparison of Ultrathin Fully Depleted Silicon-on-Insulator Inversion-, Intrinsic-, and Accumulation-Mode Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (2008)

This work demonstrates the performance comparison of ultrathin fully depleted (FD) silicon on insulator (SOI) metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) with various structures. The current drivability and immunity to the short channel effect are analyzed for FD-SOI n-channel MOSFETs (nMOSFETs) with various SOI layer thickness and SOI layer dopant concentrations based on the device simulation study. The SOI layer dopant concentrations are widely varied from conventional inversion-mode MOSFET, undoped-mode (intrinsic-mode) to the accumulation-mode MOSFET, where the accumulation-mode MOSFETs has the same dopant type in SOI layer as those of the source and the drain regions. The results suggest that the short channel effect immunity becomes comparable among various SOI layer dopant concentrations when SOI layer thickness is less than 10 nm. The current drivability is higher in the order of accumulation-, intrinsic-, and inversion-mode MOSFETs, and the mechanism of the current drivability increase is explained. In addition, accumulation-mode MOSFETs with polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) gate electrode can maintain their high current drivability even for short channel generation because the gate capacitance decrease due to the poly-Si depletion effect does not arise. Thus, accumulation-mode MOSFETs can maximize the performance of the ultrathin FD-SOI MOSFETs.
Real-time monitoring of critical AMC compounds in the photolithography cell using a novel laser-based, multi-species detection system (2022)

There is widespread recognition in the industry that as the design rule decreases, the number of airborne molecular compounds that can drive defect formation is increasing at an exponential rate [citation: IRDS 2020]. The vast majority of these new critically important AMCs are volatile organic compounds. These VOCs are difficult to measure in the gas phase at the parts-per-billion and parts-per-trillion levels that are needed for the tight process control requirements of advanced design rules. In this paper, we report on a novel AMC chemical metrology solution for measuring critical VOCs that are relevant to the photolithography cell. The heart of the system is a real-time laserbased analyzer based on a new analytical technique called Broad Band Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy (BB-CRDS). The VOC monitoring system has several features which make it ideally suited to AMC measurements in the production environment: ultra-trace measurements at ppb levels without the need for calibration, 24/7 operation without user intervention, and negligible consumables. The analyzer was integrated into a state-of-the-art multiplexer to monitor ten VOC species in the photolithography cell in a modern semiconductor fab. We report on multiple observations made, including transient solvent leak events, multifunction chemical filter performance, and baseline characterization of AMCs inside track tools.
Solution conformation of a cyclic pentapeptide endothelin antagonist Comparison of structures obtained from constrained dynamics and conformational search (1992)

The structure of a cyclic pentapeptide, cyclo-(D-Trp-D-Asp-L-Pro-D-Val-L-Leu), that has high selectively for the endothelin ETA receptor has been determined by NMR spectroscopy using constrained molecular dynamics and conformational search procedures. Structures obtained using two methods of refinement, namely (i) constrained molecular dynamics; and (ii) systematic searches of conformational space for optimal satisfaction of distance constraints, were compared to those obtained from systematic searches of conformational space without NMR data. The two different procedures of refinement produce similar conformations that are consistent with the NMR distance constraints. Conformational searches for optimal energy without any NMR distance constraints produced several low-energy structures, two of which have essentially the same backbone as those structures derived from distance-constrained procedures and one of these even reproduces several side-chain positions well. The pentapeptide backbone consists of a linked gamma- and beta-turn conformation, with the leucine and tryptophan as corner residues of the type II beta-turn. The side chains are highly ordered both in aqueous solvent and in dimethyl sulfoxide. In aqueous media the leucine side chain is directed towards the indole ring, presumably to reduce the non-polar surface exposure, producing unusual upfield shifts for the methyls (and particularly H gamma). This structural feature was reproduced in one of the structures obtained from conformational searches performed without NMR data. Exhaustive conformational searches appear to provide an alternative method for structure generation for cyclic peptides.
Direct observation of subsurface charge ordering in Fe3O4(001) by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (2017)

In this study, we characterized Fe 3 O 4 (001) films using scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). On the film surfaces, individual iron atoms and (
HTS Dipole Insert Developments (2013)

Future accelerator magnets will need to reach a magnetic field in the 20 T range. Reaching such a magnetic field is a challenge only reachable using high temperature superconductor (HTS) material. The high current densities and stress levels needed to satisfy the design criterion of such magnets make YBaCuO superconductor the most appropriate candidate especially when produced using the IBAD route. The HFM EUCARD program is aimed at designing and manufacturing a dipole insert made of HTS material generating 6 T inside a Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn dipole of 13 T at 4.2 K. In the HTS insert, engineering current densities higher than 250 MA/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> under 19 T are required to reach the performances. The stress level is consequently very high. The insert protection is also a critical issue as HTS shows low quench propagation velocity. The coupling with the Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn dipole makes the problem even more difficult. The magnetic and mechanical designs of the HTS insert will be presented as well as the technological developments underway to realize this compact dipole insert.
Session 14 overview: Digital PLLs and building blocks (2013)

Lists the sessions held at the conference proceedings.
Functional Importance of a Proteoglycan Coreceptor in Pathologic Lymphangiogenesis (2016)

Rationale: Lymphatic vessel growth is mediated by major prolymphangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D, among other endothelial effectors. Heparan sulfate is a linear polysaccharide expressed on proteoglycan core proteins on cell membranes and matrix, playing roles in angiogenesis, although little is known about any function(s) in lymphatic remodeling in vivo. Objective: To explore the genetic basis and mechanisms, whereby heparan sulfate proteoglycans mediate pathological lymphatic remodeling. Methods and Results: Lymphatic endothelial deficiency in the major heparan sulfate biosynthetic enzyme N -deacetylase/ N -sulfotransferase-1 (Ndst1; involved in glycan-chain sulfation) was associated with reduced lymphangiogenesis in pathological models, including spontaneous neoplasia. Mouse mutants demonstrated tumor-associated lymphatic vessels with apoptotic nuclei. Mutant lymphatic endothelia demonstrated impaired mitogen (Erk) and survival (Akt) pathway signaling and reduced VEGF-C–mediated protection from starvation-induced apoptosis. Lymphatic endothelial-specific Ndst1 deficiency (in Ndst1 f/f Prox1 +/ Cre ERT2 mice) was sufficient to inhibit VEGF-C–dependent lymphangiogenesis. Lymphatic heparan sulfate deficiency reduced phosphorylation of the major lymphatic growth receptor VEGF receptor-3 in response to multiple VEGF-C species. Syndecan-4 was the dominantly expressed heparan sulfate proteoglycan in mouse lymphatic endothelia, and pathological lymphangiogenesis was impaired in Sdc4 (−/−) mice. On the lymphatic cell surface, VEGF-C induced robust association between syndecan-4 and VEGF receptor-3, which was sensitive to glycan disruption. Moreover, VEGF receptor-3 mitogen and survival signaling was reduced in the setting of Ndst1 or Sdc4 deficiency. Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the genetic importance of heparan sulfate and the major lymphatic proteoglycan syndecan-4 in pathological lymphatic remodeling. This may introduce novel future strategies to alter pathological lymphatic-vascular remodeling.
Improved coupled mode analysis of corrugated waveguides and lasers (1978)

Corrugated waveguides and lasers in resonant and non-resonant situations are analyzed by an improved coupled mode theory based on a set of the coupled mode equations for guided modes and radiation continuum. The distributed feedback (DFB) coefficient and the radiation loss coefficient are given in closed forms. The formulation can be applicable to arbitrarily shaped gratings and multilayer waveguide structures. The accuracy of the theory is examined by comparing it with Tamir's exact calculation for a nonresonant situation and also with Streifer's one for a DFB structure. Reasonable accuracy is obtained by the proper choice of the unperturbed waveguide parameter. The dependence of the two coefficients on the grating depth, the grating period, the guide layer thickness, and the refractive index difference between core and cladding layers is obtained for all Bragg orders up to the fourth, and for four typical grating shapes, namely, for rectangular, sinusoidal, symmetric triangular, and sawtooth gratings. Both the threshold gain of DFB lasers utilizing higher order Bragg reflection and the output coupling efficiency of grating beam couplers are also calculated for these parameters. A new multilayer structure for controlling the radiation loss is proposed and analyzed. This structure is suitable for the suppression of the radiation loss in DBR reflectors as well as for the improvement of the output coupling efficiency in grating beam couplers.
Anisotropy of expandable graphite to explain its behavior as a flame-retardant (2020)

Expandable graphite is used as a flame-retardant in polymers. Its expansion on heating leads to a network of graphite worms which acts as a thermal barrier. However, mechanisms of action of worms are not yet well known. An original experimental approach is performed to study the heat dissipation in the network of worms. The network is made by the burning of polypropylene with 10 wt% expandable graphite during cone calorimeter experiment. After the burning, a hot spot is applied on the char. Temperature is monitored at different locations of sample during the combustion and after the application of the hot spot. During cone calorimetry, the char develops homogeneously over the whole sample. The hot spot test evidences the anisotropy of the entangled network of graphite worms. This anisotropy of heat conductivity allows the dissipation of heat in-plane and poorly out of plane, which explains the thermal barrier effect made by entangled worms.
Fracture of Ceramics (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Appearance of Failure and Typical Failure Modes A Short Overview of Damage Mechanisms Brittle Fracture Probabilistic Aspects of Brittle Fracture Delayed Fracture Concluding Remarks References
end-to-end training of a large vocabulary end-to-end speech recognition system (2019)

In this paper, we present an end-to-end training framework for building state-of-the-art end-to-end speech recognition systems. Our training system utilizes a cluster of Central Processing Units(CPUs) and Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). The entire data reading, large scale data augmentation, neural network parameter updates are all performed "on-the-fly". We use vocal tract length perturbation [1] and an acoustic simulator [2] for data augmentation. The processed features and labels are sent to the GPU cluster. The Horovod allreduce approach is employed to train neural network parameters. We evaluated the effectiveness of our system on the standard Librispeech corpus [3] and the 10,000-hr anonymized Bixby English dataset. Our end-to-end speech recognition system built using this training infrastructure showed a 2.44 % WER on test-clean of the LibriSpeech test set after applying shallow fusion with a Transformer language model (LM). For the proprietary English Bixby open domain test set, we obtained a WER of 7.92 % using a Bidirectional Full Attention (BFA) end-to-end model after applying shallow fusion with an RNN-LM. When the monotonic chunckwise attention (MoCha) based approach is employed for streaming speech recognition, we obtained a WER of 9.95 % on the same Bixby open domain test set.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymeric Metal Complex Catalyzed Enantioselective Epoxidation of Olefins. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Suppressive versus stimulatory effects of allergen/cholera toxoid (CTB) conjugates depending on the nature of the allergen in a murine model of type I allergy (1999)

Recent reports have demonstrated that feeding small amounts of antigen conjugated to the B subunit of cholera toxin (CTB) suppress immune responses in experimental models of certain Th1-based autoimmune diseases. We have established a model of aerosol sensitization leading to Th2-mediated allergic immune responses in BALB/c mice. In the present study two different antigens, the dietary antigen ovalbumin (OVA) and the inhalant allergen Bet v 1 (the major birch pollen allergen), chemically coupled to recombinant CTB were tested for their potential to influence Th2-like immune responses. Intranasal administration of OVA–CTB prior to sensitization with OVA led to a significant decrease of antigen-specific IgE antibody levels, but a marked increase of OVA-specific IgG2a antibodies as compared to non-pretreated, sensitized animals. Antigen-specific lympho-proliferative responses in vitro were reduced by 65% in the pretreated group; IL-5 and IL-4 production were decreased in responder cells of lungs and spleens of nasally pretreated mice. In contrast, mucosal administration of rBet v 1–CTB conjugates prior to sensitization led to an up-regulation of allergen-specific IgE, IgG1 and IgG2a, increased in vitro lympho-proliferative responses as well as augmented production of IL-5, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ. Intranasal administration prior to sensitization of unconjugated allergens showed also contrasting effects: OVA could not significantly influence antigen-specific antibody or cytokine production, whereas intranasal pretreatment with unconjugated Bet v 1 suppressed allergen-specific immune responses in vivo and in vitro. These results demonstrated that the two antigens—in conjugated as in unconjugated form—had different effects on the Th2 immune responses. We therefore conclude that the tolerogenic or immunogenic properties of CTB—and probably also other antigen-delivery systems—strongly depend on the nature of the coupled antigen–allergen.
Vaccination of Gerbils with Bm-103 and Bm-RAL-2 Concurrently or as a Fusion Protein Confers Consistent and Improved Protection against Brugia malayi Infection (2016)

Although vaccination with Bm-103 and Bm-RAL-2 individually conferred protection against B. malayi infection in gerbils, a more consistent and enhanced protection was induced by vaccination with Bm-103 and Bm-RAL-2 fusion protein and when they were used concurrently. Further characterization and optimization of these filarial vaccines are warranted.
Equine Viral Arteritis Testing (2014)

Natural outbreaks of clinical equine viral arteritis (EVA) are characterized by one or more of the following: abortion of pregnant mares; fulminant infection of neonates leading to severe interstitial pneumonia or enteritis; systemic illness in adult horses; and persistent infection of stallions. Typically, clinical cases of EVA have an incubation period of 2-14 days (6-8 days following venereal exposure), with the most consistent clinical features of EAV being pyrexia and leukopenia. A substantial percentage of all infections are subclinical, especially those that occur in mares bred to persistently infected stallions. All horses appear to be susceptible to equine arteritis virus (EAV) infection; however, there are considerable differences in seroprevalence between different breeds. This chapter focuses on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of EVA.
The mechanism of higher oxygenate synthesis over supported Rh catalysts (1994)

Extensive mechanistic studies have shown that higher oxygenates are formed from the insertion of CO into adsorbed alkyl species that is generated from CO dissociation and partial hydrogenation. The reduced Rh surface is known to be responsible for the formation of alkyl species. However, little is known about the nature of the active sites for CO insertion on various promoted Rh catalysts that are active for higher oxygenate synthesis. In situ infrared spectroscopy reveals linear CO on the single reduced Rh site as the most active adsorbed CO species for CO insertion on Rh/SiO{sub 2} and Cu-, Ag-, Ce, and Mn-promoted Rh/SiO{sub 2} catalysts. Tilted CO exhibiting a band below 1700 cm{sup -1} is identified as a spectator that does not participate in CO insertion. Increasing reaction pressure causes an increase in the residence time of alkyl intermediate allowing CO insertion to occur. The selectivity toward higher oxygenates can be improved by increasing the relative concentration of linear CO sites and by increasing reaction pressure.
The threat to undergraduate research (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommentaryNEXTThe threat to undergraduate researchD. C. Neckers Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1982, 59, 4, 329Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1982Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1982Published inissue 1 April 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ed059p329RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (950 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts