gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualization of Combustion Phenomena in Regeneration of Diesel Particulate Filter (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Combustion phenomena in the regeneration of a diesel particulate filter (DPF) were clarified through a visualization experiment, using a half-cylindrical wall-flow DPF covered by a quartz glass plate. At a constant oxygen concentration (8.5% and 10% in the current study) of a working gas used for regeneration, in the cases of large particulate masses and high working gas temperatures, the particulate matter trapped on the filter surface is burned in a narrow reaction zone which can be observed as a high brightness zone moving slowly toward the downstream side. Just after the reaction zone passes, a sharp temperature peak is detected and there remains no particulate matter on the filter surface. Furthermore, the particulate matter is ignited first around the middle of the DPF, and then, the reaction zone propagates toward both the upstream and the downstream sides. On the other hand, in cases of small particulate masses and/or low working gas temperatures (but higher than 600°C), no such bright reaction zone is seen; however, it was observed that with time the particulate matter disappeared uniformly on the entire filter surface. These regeneration patterns can be summarized as separate and distinct reaction patterns in a reaction diagram consisting of the particulate mass and the inlet temperature of the working gas.&lt;/div&gt;
An Evaluation of Bath Life Effects on Photoresist Removal for Wafer Level Packaging (2023)

With the emergence of 3D integration and wafer level packaging, the pillar bumping process has become a critical processing step. As the process has matured, significant efforts have been made for optimization in terms of both production and cost. This is especially true for photoresist stripping, since thick photoresists are needed to pattern high aspect ratios and must be removed in subsequent steps to expose underlying metal films. In this study, the removal of a thick negative tone photoresist with solder pillar plated wafers were investigated using a dimethyl sulfoxide blend with a quaternary ammonium hydroxide. Emphasis was placed on exploring the feasibility of an extended bath life beyond 7 days. Coupon level beaker tests were used to provide insight into the swelling and dissolution mechanisms with fresh and aged chemistry. Additionally, several chemistries were compared to examine the effect of the quaternary ammonium hydroxide. Based on these findings, chemical aging studies were performed on 300 mm wafers using a highly customizable single wafer processing tool that combined soaking and a high-pressure spray processing to potentially prolong the bath age even further. In addition to stripping efficiency at extended bath life, the compatibly with pillar structures and seed layers is investigated. Results from the study highlight potential methods to extend bath life while maintaining photoresist stripping efficiency.
MT1G Hypermethylation Is Associated with Higher Tumor Stage in Prostate Cancer (2005)

Our findings suggest that MT1G promoter methylation is associated with tumor aggressiveness in prostate cancer and it might be a marker of locally advanced disease.
From dopamine 4 to sigma 1: synthesis, SAR and biological characterization of a piperidine scaffold of s1 modulators (2022)

The sigma 1 receptor is a multifunctional receptor with wide distribution in the nervous system and its function has been implicated with a number of neurological disorders including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, modulators of s1 have been advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of pain. Starting from our previously disclosed piperidine scaffold, we have identified a class of potent sigma 1 modulators. This work highlights the key SAR components that lead to the divergence in D4 and s1 activity. In addition, we further profile lead compounds in panel of off-target receptors, in vitro and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. This has culminated in the discovery of multiple s1 receptor modulators with properties that will allow for study in animal models.
Measurement of Ultrathin (<100 Å) Oxide Films by Multiple‐Angle Incident Ellipsometry (1991)

The application of the multiple‐angle incident ellipsometry to measure the ultrathin (<100 Å) oxide has been studied in this paper. First, four interfacial models are investigated by using a fitting scheme to fit ellipsometric data (Δ, ψ) at various incident angles, and the abrupt model is found to be the most appropriate model to model the transition region of the interface. The sensitivities on the incident angle and the errors induced by the ellipsometric parameter variations are also analyzed. Ellipsometry is applied to measure the native oxides of Si wafers after they are treated with different cleaning processes, and it is also applied to measure refractive indexes and thicknesses of ultrathin thermally grown . It is believed that these are the most accurately measured results on the refractive indexes of ultrathin oxides. Also, an empirical formula for thermal oxide growth in dry is obtained.
Liver stiffness measurement predicts long‐term survival and complications in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (2019)

LSM can be used to predict survival, cardiovascular and liver complications in NAFLD patients.
Self-stratifying microbial fuel cell: The importance of the cathode electrode immersion height (2018)

Power generation of bioelectrochemical systems (BESs) is a very important electrochemical parameter to consider particularly when the output has to be harvested for practical applications. This work studies the effect of cathode immersion on the performance of a self-stratified membraneless microbial fuel cell (SSM-MFC) fuelled with human urine. Four different electrolyte immersion heights, i.e. <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and fully submerged were considered. The SSM-MFC performance improved with increased immersion up to <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The output dropped drastically when the cathode was fully submerged with the conditions becoming fully anaerobic. SSM-MFC with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> submerged cathode had a maximum power output of 3.0 mW followed by 2.4 mW, 2.0 mW, and 0.2 mW for the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and fully submerged conditions. Durability tests were run on the best performing SSM-MFC with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:mfrac><mml:mn>3</mml:mn> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mfrac> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> cathode immersed and showed an additional increase in the electrochemical output by 17% from 3.0 mW to 3.5 mW. The analysis performed on the anode and cathode separately demonstrated the stability in the cathode behaviour and in parallel an improvement in the anodic performance during one month of investigation.
Aspectos e impactos socioculturales del proceso de obtención de la Denominación de Origen “banana da região de corupa” en el municipio de Corupa (2021)

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo analizar el proceso de obtencion de la Denominacion de Origen (DO) en la Region de Corupa (Brasil), basado en el mapeo de la red de socios y de la descripcion de los arreglos productivos derivados del proceso. La metodologia es basada en el modelo de Cunha-Lima que consta de tres pasos: mapeo de la red de socios, descripcion de los arreglos productivos y la categorizacion y sistematizacion de las informaciones. Los datos fueran recogidos en fuentes bibliograficas, documentales y por entrevistas siguiendo el metodo de la historia oral. La interpretacion es realizada por medio de la teoria interpretativa de Geertz (2008). Inicialmente el articulo presenta el proceso de DO, con el mapeo de sus socios internos y externos, el envolvimiento de la comunidad y los apoyos obtenidos. En la segunda parte son descritos los arreglos productivos que crearon una nueva dinamica local desde la DO o aquellos que han surgido despues del proceso. Por ultimo, incluimos una representacion de la red de socios del proceso de DO en Corupa para mostrar el alcance e imbricacion en la comunidad. Por lo tanto, nuestro trabajo permite comprobar como los procesos de etiquetado de calidad no solo suponen la existencia de un territorio con una comunidad y un producto propio, sino que, en ultima estancia, un proceso exitoso tambien refuerza a la comunidad, el territorio y el producto.
Current Status of the MPEG-4 Audio Verification Model Development (1996)

After a short survey of the goals of the current standardization activities within MPEG-4 Audio, an introduction to the concept of the verification model (VM) based codec development is given and the current status of the VM development is described. The results of listening tests and core experiments are addressed briefly in order to allow a comparison of the expected codec efficiency with that of existing standards. 1 Introduction The goal of the MPEG-4 Audio activities within the ISO/IEC MPEG working group is to develop a standard for very low bit rate audio coding suitable for various applications in the fields of multimedia storage and communication. Since an object based representation is desired which allows content based interactivity, in addition to pure coding efficiency with bit rates ranging from 2 kbit/s to 48 kbit/s per channel other functionalities are taken into account. One important functionality is scalability, i.e. the possibility to decode lower rate subsets of a ...
Comparison of Exercise Performance in Patients With Chronic Severe Heart Failure Versus Left Ventricular Assist Devices (1998)

Hemodynamic measurements at rest and during exercise are significantly improved in patients with devices compared with those in ambulatory heart failure patients awaiting cardiac transplantation. Similarly, the exercise capacity of device patients is better than that of transplant candidates and in the majority of patients is similar to that of patients with mild CHF.
Mechanistic Studies on the Cis to Trans Epimerization of Trisubstituted 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydro-β-carbolines (2010)

It is well-known that N(b)-benzyltryptophan alkyl esters undergo the Pictet-Spengler reaction with aldehydes to furnish both cis- and trans-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines, with the trans isomer predominating. Epimerization at C-1 took place under acidic conditions to produce, exclusively, the thermodynamically more stable trans diastereomer via internal asymmetric induction. Recent kinetic experiments provided insight into the cis to trans epimerization mechanism involved in the Pictet-Spengler reaction of 1,2,3-trisubstituted tetrahydro-beta-carbolines. Since the epimerization reaction had been shown to be sensitive to electronic effects at C-1, the rate data for a series of 1-phenyl-substituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines was investigated via a Hammett study. Analysis of the data supported the presence of a positively charged intermediate with a rho value of -1.4, although the existence of an iminium ion intermediate or a carbocationic intermediate could not be determined from this data alone. Analysis of the rate of epimerization demonstrated first-order kinetics with respect to TFA following the initial protonation of the substrate. This observation was consistent with the formation of a doubly protonated intermediate as the rate-determining step in the carbocation-mediated cis to trans epimerization process. In addition, the observed first-order rate dependence was inconsistent with the retro-Pictet-Spengler mechanism since protonation at the indole-2 position was not rate determining as demonstrated by kinetic isotope effects. Based on this kinetic data, the retro-Pictet-Spengler pathway was ruled out for the cis to trans epimerization of 1,2,3-trisubstituted 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-beta-carbolines, while the olefinic mechanism had been ruled out by experiments carried out in TFA-d.
Organic Cage Dumbbells (2019)

Molecular dumbbells with organic cage capping units were synthesised via a multi-component imine condensation between a tri-topic amine and di- and tetra-topic aldehydes. This is an example of self-sorting, which can be rationalised by computational modelling.
YouLighter: An Unsupervised Methodology to Unveil YouTube CDN Changes (2015)

YouTube relies on a massively distributed Content Delivery Network (CDN) to stream the billions of videos in its catalogue. Unfortunately, very little information about the design of such CDN is available. This, combined with the pervasiveness of YouTube, poses a big challenge for Internet Service Providers (ISPs), which are compelled to optimize end-users' Quality of Experience (QoE) while having no control on the CDN decisions.This paper presents YouLighter, an unsupervised technique to identify changes in the YouTube CDN. YouLighter leverages only passive measurements to cluster co-located identical caches into edge-nodes. This automatically unveils the structure of YouTube's CDN. Further, we propose a new metric, called Pattern Dissimilarity, that compares the clustering obtained from two different time snapshots, to pinpoint sudden changes. While several approaches allows us to compare the clustering results from the same dataset, no technique measures the similarity of clusters from different datasets. Hence, we develop a novel methodology, based on the Pattern Dissimilarity, to solve this problem.By running YouLighter over 10-month long traces obtained from ISPs, we pinpoint both sudden changes in edge-node allocation, and modifications to the cache allocation policy which actually impair the QoE that the end-users perceive.
Zuverlässige und herstellerübergreifende Medizingeräteinteroperabilität&dBeiträge zur IEEE 11073 SDC-Normenfamilie (2020)

Medizingeräte im Krankenhaus sind heute fast ausschließlich isolierte Insellösungen. Sie stellen nach außen keine Informationen und Interaktionsmöglichkeiten bereit - oder nur innerhalb ihres geschlossenen Ökosystems. Daher führt diese Arbeit in die neue IEEE 11073 Service-oriented Device Connectivity (SDC)-Normenfamilie ein, die eine herstellerübergreifende Interoperabilität ermöglicht. Es werden drei Anwendungsbereiche betrachtet: zuverlässige Fernauslösung von Gerätefunktionalitäten, dynamische Assoziierung von Fernsteuerungselementen und -operationen und verteilte Alarmierungssysteme.
Experimental demonstration of a 4,294,967,296-QAM-based Y-00 quantum stream cipher template carrying 160-Gb/s 16-QAM signals (2021)

We demonstrate a 4,294,967,296-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) based Y-00 quantum stream cipher system carrying a 160-Gb/s 16-QAM signal transmitted over 320-km SSMF. The ultra-dense QAM cipher template is realized by an integrated two-segment silicon photonics I/Q modulator.
Effect of hafnium germanate formation on the interface of HfO2/germanium metal oxide semiconductor devices (2006)

We have studied the thermal stability of HfO2 thin layers on germanium and the substrate interface development. HfO2 was deposited on Ge substrates and annealed in O2 or N2 at 500°C (substrate temperature). After O2 anneal, we observed the formation of hafnium germanate, which is stable at 500°C in N2 as opposed to GeO2 that desorbs as GeO. We believe that this hafnium germanate is an oxygen barrier and as such is at the origin of the much thinner interface between HfO2 and germanium as compared to silicon. In addition, results suggest that the HfGeOx is related to the high interface state density frequently reported for germanium metal oxide semiconductor devices.
TINKER: A framework for Open source Cyberthreat Intelligence (2021)

Threat intelligence on malware attacks and campaigns is increasingly being shared with other security experts for a cost or for free. Other security analysts use this intelligence to inform them of indicators of compromise, attack techniques, and preventative actions. Security analysts prepare threat analysis reports after investigating an attack, an emerging cyber threat, or a recently discovered vulnerability. Collectively known as cyber threat intelligence (CTI), the reports are typically in an unstructured format and, therefore, challenging to integrate seamlessly into existing intrusion detection systems. This paper proposes a framework that uses the aggregated CTI for analysis and defense at scale. The information is extracted and stored in a structured format using knowledge graphs such that the semantics of the threat intelligence can be preserved and shared at scale with other security analysts. Specifically, we propose the first semi-supervised open-source knowledge graph-based framework, TINKER, to capture cyber threat information and its context. Following TINKER, we generate a Cyberthreat Intelligence Knowledge Graph (CTI-KG) and demonstrate the usage using different use cases.
A card requirements language enabling privacy-preserving access control (2010)

We address the problem of privacy-preserving access control in distributed systems. Users commonly reveal more personal data than strictly necessary to be granted access to online resources, even though existing technologies, such as anonymous credential systems, offer functionalities that would allow for privacy-friendly authorization. An important reason for this lack of technology adoption is, as we believe, the absence of a suitable authorization language offering adequate expressiveness to address the privacy-friendly functionalities. To overcome this problem, we propose an authorization language that allows for expressing access control requirements in a privacy-preserving way. Our language is independent from concrete technology, thus it allows for specifying requirements regardless of implementation details while it is also applicable for technologies designed without privacy considerations. We see our proposal as an important step towards making access control systems privacy-preserving.
Curvature correction method for a bandgap voltage reference (2008)

A reference voltage based on the bandgap principle consists of the summation of two voltages having opposite variations with temperature: a forward biased p-n junction having a Complementary to Absolute Temperature (CTAT) variation and a voltage Proportional to Absolute Temperature (PTAT). The variation with temperature is approximately linear in both cases and the object of the circuit is to cancel the two opposite slopes. If the PTAT and CTAT are well balanced, all that remains is a second order curvature error of the form TlnT (where T is absolute temperature, and In is natural log), which is mainly due to the CTAT voltage component. Minimisation of this non-linear parameter is the key challenge in designing a voltage reference with low temperature coefficient (TC).This paper presents the mathematical basis of this residual non-linear component, and describes a novel circuit to reduce it.
Risk Factors for Recurrent Episodes of Work-Related Low Back Disorders in an Industrial Population (2006)

Early identification of risk factors for a work-related low back disorder may signal the need for early and intense rehabilitation to prevent recurrent episodes. Because these findings were based on jobs with medium risk of low back disorders, other factors may be significant in higher risk jobs.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Milatuzumab–SN-38 Conjugates for the Treatment of CD74<sup>+</sup> Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 98 KB&lt;/p&gt;
Reliability and Latency Performance of Multi-Connectivity Scheduling Schemes in Multi-User Scenarios. (2020)

Industrial applications such as closed-loop control require communication systems which provide low latency and high reliability. Current wireless communication systems are not able to fulfill all strict requirements posed by industrial applications. Multi-Connectivity (MC), i.e. using multiple communication paths at the same time, is a promising measure to enhance latency and reliability of wireless communication systems. Different scheduling schemes, i.e. Load Balancing (LB), Packet Duplication (PD) and Packet Splitting (PS), can be utilized to distribute packets over multiple paths. After having identified the impact of link homo- and heterogeneity, SNR regime and link correlation in previous work, the impact of network load and capacity on the different MC scheduling schemes is evaluated in this paper. Measurements in private LTE and WiFi 802.11ac networks are performed for different number of users. Our evaluations support that network load and capacity have a strong impact on latency and reliability performance of MC scheduling schemes. In low load scenarios, PD or PS achieve the best performance, for scenarios with low link correlation and high link correlation, respectively. In scenarios where the network load is close to the capacity limit on the other hand, LB provides the lowest latency and highest reliability. The capacity limit in the multiple user scenario strongly depends on the channel access scheme and its ability to deal with increasing number of users. The insights gained in this work can be used to develop dynamic MC schedulers that adapt the MC scheduling scheme based on SNR regime, link correlation and network load in order to achieve low latency and high reliability in scenarios with varying radio and network conditions.