gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The state of the art in beyond 5G distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output communication system solutions (2022)

Beyond fifth generation (5G) communication systems aim towards data rates in the tera bits per second range, with improved and flexible coverage options, introducing many new technological challenges in the fields of network architecture, signal pro- cessing, and radio frequency front-ends. One option is to move towards cell-free, or distributed massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) network architectures and highly integrated front-end solutions. This paper presents an outlook on be- yond 5G distributed massive MIMO communication systems, the signal processing, characterisation and simulation challenges, and an overview of the state of the art in millimetre wave antennas and electronics.
Core Temperature Estimation for Self-Heating Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries in Cold Climates (2019)

The onboard battery self-heaters are employed to improve the performance and lifetime of the automotive lithium-ion batteries under cold climates. The battery performance is determined by the core temperature which is significantly higher than the surface temperature during the fast self-heating, while only the surface temperature can be directly measured. By estimating the core temperature to monitor the self-heating condition, the heating time and the energy consumption can be improved. However, the high-frequency heating current and the time-variant battery impedance cannot be measured in real time by a low-sampling-rate battery management system, so that the regular core temperature estimation methods are not applicable during the self-heating. To solve the issues, an online core temperature estimation algorithm based on the lumped thermal-electrical model is developed for the onboard ac self-heater. By implementing an extended state observer to compensate for the effect of the parameter uncertainties, the core temperature can be accurately detected even with the unknown internal resistance and root mean square (RMS) heating current. The experimental validation of 18 650 lithium-ion batteries shows that the core temperature estimation error is within only 1.2 °C. As a result, the self-heating time and energy consumption can be reduced by 50%.
A Neural Network Auction For Group Decision Making Over a Continuous Space (2021)

We propose a system for conducting an auction over locations in a continuous space. It enables participants to express their preferences over possible choices of location in the space, selecting the location that maximizes the total utility of all agents. We prevent agents from tricking the system into selecting a location that improves their individual utility at the expense of others by using a pricing rule that gives agents no incentive to misreport their true preferences. The system queries participants for their utility in many random locations, then trains a neural network to approximate the preference function of each participant. The parameters of these neural network models are transmitted and processed by the auction mechanism, which composes these into differentiable models that are optimized through gradient ascent to compute the final chosen location and charged prices.
Timing diagrams: semantics and passage towards an intermediate model (2002)

This article deals with the specification and behavioral analysis of systems with delay. It gives first a formal semantics to a timing-diagram language. It then defines a procedure for moving towards an intermediate model on which the analysis of temporal properties is decidable.
Establishing exhaustive metasurface robustness against fabrication uncertainties through deep learning (2021)

Abstract Photonic engineered materials have benefitted in recent years from exciting developments in computational electromagnetics and inverse‐design tools. However, a commonly encountered issue is that highly performant and structurally complex functional materials found through inverse‐design can lose significant performance upon being fabricated. This work introduces a method using deep learning (DL) to exhaustively analyze how structural issues affect the robustness of metasurface supercells, and we show how systems can be designed to guarantee significantly better performance. Moreover, we show that an exhaustive study of structural error is required to make strong guarantees about the performance of engineered materials. The introduction of DL into the inverse‐design process makes this problem tractable, enabling optimization runtimes to be measurable in days rather than months and allowing designers to establish exhaustive metasurface robustness guarantees.
Preliminary validation of an implantable bi-directional neural interface for chronic, in vivo investigation of brain networks (2011)

This paper describes the preliminary technology validation of a bi-directional neural interface in an awake large animal model (ovine). The device addresses the major requirements of a chronic research system, including operation within the implantable environment and electrical stimulation with concurrent bioelectric sensing. Preliminary chronic measurements of network dynamics demonstrate that a chronically stable bi-directional interface to the nervous system is achievable. This was shown through chronic impedance and evoked potential measurements in the thalamo-cortical circuit of Papez. Characterization of bioelectric sensing in the presence of stimulation was also performed through measurements of the noise floor in the presence and absence of stimulation. Further technology validation was performed by using the prototype to correlate activity within and between structures in the circuit of Papez in the presence and absence of stimulation.
Space-Time Waveform Coding for Joint Radar and Wireless Communications (RadCom) Applications (2020)

We propose a novel space-time waveform coding (STWC) scheme for joint radar and wireless communications (RadCom). In particular, we consider a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar for near-range to medium-range radar applications. In order to establish the required orthogonal transmit signals, up- and down-chirp FMCW waveforms are combined with Alamouti space-time coding across two transmit antennas. We demonstrate that, from a radar perspective, the cross-ambiguity function is improved significantly by the orthogonal Alamouti code, while the FMCW waveforms ensure robustness in the presence of Doppler shifts. Regarding the communications part, the generic orthogonality of the Alamouti code allows us to embed random information symbols within the radar signal, enabling wireless communications in the 100 kb/s regime. To this end, we propose a suitable communications receiver algorithm for multiple antennas with corresponding maximum-ratio combining, which is able to extract the embedded information symbols while acquiring spatial diversity gains.
Demo: Efficient delay and apodization for on-FPGA 3D ultrasound (2016)

In medical diagnosis, ultrasound (US) imaging is one of the most common, safe, and powerful techniques. Volumetric (3D) US is potentially very attractive, compared to 2D US, because it might enable telesonography - decoupling the local image acquisition, by an untrained person, and the diagnosis, by the trained sonographer, who can be remote. Unfortunately, current 3D systems are hospital-oriented, bulky and expensive, and they cannot be available in emergency operations or rural areas. This motivates us to develop a portable US platform with cheap, battery-operated, more efficient electronics.
Data from Deletion of the Endothelial Bmx Tyrosine Kinase Decreases Tumor Angiogenesis and Growth (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Bmx (&lt;i&gt;B&lt;/i&gt;one &lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;arrow kinase in chromosome &lt;i&gt;X&lt;/i&gt;), also known as Etk, is a member of the Tec family of nonreceptor tyrosine kinases. Bmx is expressed mainly in arterial endothelia and in myeloid hematopoietic cells. Bmx regulates ischemia-mediated arteriogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, but its role in tumor angiogenesis is not known. In this study, we characterized the function of Bmx in tumor growth using both Bmx knockout and transgenic mice. Isogenic colon, lung, and melanoma tumor xenotransplants showed reductions in growth and tumor angiogenesis in Bmx gene–deleted (&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt;) mice, whereas developmental angiogenesis was not affected. In addition, growth of transgenic pancreatic islet carcinomas and intestinal adenomas was also slower in Bmx&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice. Knockout mice showed high levels of Bmx expression in endothelial cells of tumor-associated and peritumoral arteries. Moreover, endothelial cells lacking Bmx showed impaired phosphorylation of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (Erk) upon VEGF stimulation, indicating that Bmx contributes to the transduction of vascular endothelial growth factor signals. In transgenic mice overexpressing Bmx in epidermal keratinocytes, tumors induced by a two-stage chemical skin carcinogenesis treatment showed increased growth and angiogenesis. Our findings therefore indicate that Bmx activity contributes to tumor angiogenesis and growth. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 72(14); 3512–21. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Discovery of a Sodium-Ordered Form of Na3V2(PO4)3 below Ambient Temperature (2015)

The crystal structure of the NASICON Na3V2(PO4)3 phase (NVP) has been investigated as a function of temperature. Combining laboratory and synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction with single crystal X-ray diffraction, we demonstrate the presence of four polymorphs of NVP from 30 to 225 °C. While the high temperature γ-NVP crystallizes in the classical rhombohedral cell (S.G. R3̅c, a = 8.73382(4) Å, c = 21.91438(17) Å), the low temperature α-NVP undergoes a monoclinic distortion (S.G. C2/c, a = 15.1244(6) Å, b = 8.7287(3) Å, c = 21.6143(8) Å, β = 90.163(2)°) together with an ordering of the Na atoms. In the middle temperature range, two incommensurate modulated structures (β- and β′-NVP) are also reported for the first time.
Information Use-Control in E-Government Applications (2011)

Within the process of globalization and the permeation of all areas of life by technology, electronic government (e-government) is becoming a powerful tool that will effectively integrate and manage the huge amount of existing information, as well as seamlessly integrating citizen interaction with its services (Abie et al., 2004). E-government is the use of ICTs in public administration in combination with organizational changes and the development of new skills, in order to improve public services and democratic processes, and to strengthen support for public policies. The concept of mobile government (m-government) refers to the use of mobile wireless communication technology within government administration and in its delivery of services and information to citizens and firms (Ostberg, 2003). Digital government is a general term which includes e-government and m-government. In this digital world the management and protection of digital information content, and the rights associated with this, from unauthorized access, use, and dissemination has been a matter of concern for many rights holders. Moreover, the protection of privacy has been a matter of great concern for many citizens.
Characterization of Hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri) Variable Lymphocyte Receptor–Based Antibody and Its Potential Role in the Neutralization of Nervous Necrosis Virus (2019)

The variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) mediates the humoral immune response in jawless vertebrates, including lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) and hagfish (<i>Eptatretus burgeri</i>). Hagfish VLRBs are composed of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) modules, conjugated with a superhydrophobic C-terminal tail, which contributes to low levels of expression in recombinant protein technology. In this study, we screened Ag-specific VLRBs from hagfish immunized with nervous necrosis virus (NNV). The artificially multimerized form of VLRB was constructed using a mammalian expression system. To enhance the level of expression of the Ag-specific VLRB, mutagenesis of the VLRB was achieved in vitro through domain swapping of the LRR C-terminal cap and variable LRR module. The mutant VLRB obtained, with high expression and secretion levels, was able to specifically recognize purified and progeny NNV, and the Ag binding ability of this mutant was increased by at least 250-fold to that of the nonmutant VLRB. Furthermore, preincubation of the Ag-specific VLRB with NNV reduced the infectivity of NNV in E11 cells in vitro, and in vivo experiment. Our results suggest that the newly developed Ag-specific VLRB has the potential to be used as diagnostic and therapeutic reagents for NNV infections in fish.
Efficient Production of On-Target Reads for Small RNA Sequencing of Single Cells Using Modified Adapters (2018)

Although single-cell mRNA sequencing has been a powerful tool to explore cellular heterogeneity, the sequencing of small RNA at the single-cell level (sc-sRNA-seq) remains a challenge, as these have no consensus sequence, are relatively low abundant, and are difficult to amplify in a bias-free fashion. We present two methods of single-cell-lysis that enable sc-sRNA-seq. The first method is a chemical-based technique with overnight freezing while the second method leverages on-chip electrical lysis of plasma membrane and physical extraction and separation of cytoplasmic RNA via isotachophoresis. We coupled these two methods with off-chip small RNA library preparation using CleanTag modified adapters to prevent the formation of adapter dimers. We then demonstrated sc-sRNA-seq with single K562 human leukemic cells. Our approaches offer a relatively short hands-on time of 6 h and efficient generation of on-target reads. The sc-sRNA-seq with our approaches showed detection of miRNA with various abundances ranging from 16 000 copies/cell to about 10 copies/cell. We anticipate this approach will create a new opportunity to explore cellular heterogeneity through small RNA expression.
A New Psychrometric Sensor for Soil Moisture (2005)

Measurement of soil moisture content is very important for efficient crop production andirrigation scheduling. A prototype soil moisture sensor was made that would, in theory, accuratelymeasure water available to plants. In principle our soil moisture sensor determines the soil moisturecontent through deficit in water vapor pressure from saturation. Our sensor gave a significantresponse (0.59 kPa) to ambient air present in the silicone tubing at the start of the experiment,suggesting that it was sensitive to relatively dry air. However, subsequent measurements variedperiodically between 0.1 kPa to 0.15 kPa, over a large range in soil moisture content (36 % v/v to0.24 % v/v). The regular periodic response suggests that the experimental setup and/or protocolrequire modifications. Also since the soil was saturated with water at the start of the experiment,water might have entered the tubing, affecting the sensor performance. Thus, in future trials caremust be taken to exclude liquid water from the sensor.
A new high‐performance blue to transmissive electrochromic material and use of silver nanowire network electrodes as substrates (2017)

ABSTRACT Synthesis of a novel, high‐performance blue to transmissive switching electrochromic material is described. The polymer (P1) was prepared by both electrochemical ( P1E ) and chemical ( P1C ) means from the corresponding monomer. The electrochemically synthesized polymer ( P1E ) revealed 64% optical contrast change (on ITO) in the visible region and very fast switching times of 0.32 s (coloration) and 0.90 s (bleaching). On the other hand, the chemically synthesized, solution processable polymer ( P1C ) also showed a high optical contrast value (49%, on ITO) with very fast switching times of 0.86 s for coloration and 0.57 s for bleaching. These high optical contrast values coupled with fast switching times place these materials along with high‐performance blue to transmissive electrochromic polymers. Significantly, these improved characteristics were achieved by side chain engineering of a known, inferior blue to transmissive polymer, PBEBT. Towards fabrication of flexible electrochromic devices, the performance of P1C was also tested on silver nanowire network electrodes. Even though the full potential of the material could not be demonstrated, a good optical contrast of 24% was achieved using these electrodes. Under the same potential range allowed by silver nanowire network electrodes, P1C on ITO showed an optical contrast of 30%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 1680–1686
Clinical examination, critical care ultrasonography and outcomes in the critically ill: cohort profile of the Simple Intensive Care Studies-I (2017)

NCT02912624; Pre-results.
218. Gene Therapy and Enzyme Replacement in a Mouse Model of Late Infantile Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinosis (2006)

Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) is one of a group of autosomal recessive neurodegenerative diseases caused by deficiencies in lysosomal proteins and characterized clinically by progressive motor and cognitive decline, progressive vision loss, intractable seizures, and premature death. Currently available treatments for these disorders are merely supportive and do not alter disease progression, supporting investigations into novel treatments. Enzyme replacement therapy is a currently available treatment for some lysosomal storage diseases affecting primarily peripheral tissues, but has not been beneficial in those with central nervous system involvement. Enzyme delivery through the cerebrospinal fluid is a potential alternative route to the central nervous system, but it has not been widely studied. Using a transgenic mouse model of LINCL, a pilot study was done to determine the efficiency of enzyme delivery to the CNS following intraventricular injection. Osmotic pumps (Alzet, Cupertino, CA) were used to deliver recombinant tripeptidyl peptidase 1 (TPP1, Genzyme, Cambridge, MA), which is deficient in the mouse. Pumps were implanted subcutaneously in 18 week old mice and delivered 100 ul enzyme (1.6 mg/ml) through a permanently implanted intraventricular cannula at a rate of 1ul/hr. One week after enzyme delivery, immunostaining for TPP1 in brain sections revealed enzyme distribution throughout the meninges, as well as regions of the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, corpus callosum, and areas adjacent to these structures. In addition, TPP1 enzyme activity met or exceeded heterozygous levels throughout the rostral-caudal extent of the brain. This data suggests that the cerebrospinal luid may mediate enzyme uptake in the CNS. Additional studies are underway to determine the effects of this approach on the neuropathological and behavioral phenotypes observed in the TPP1-deficient mouse, as well as to compare the enzyme replacement approach to a viral vector approach in which TPP1 is expressed and secreted from the ependyma via an adeno-associated virus.
Fabrication strategies for filter banks based on microring resonators (2008)

Wavelength-division demultiplexers are a fundamental component needed for many proposed integrated photonic systems. By using filter banks based on microring resonators it is possible to create demultiplexers that are two orders of magnitude smaller and achieve better performance than the discrete component demultiplexers currently used. To create a filter bank out of microring resonators the resonant-frequency spacing must be controlled to within 1GHz. This is achieved by controlling the electron-dose during scanning-electron-beam lithography in order to change the average ring waveguide width on the tens of picometer scale. Using this method a second-order twenty-channel dual filter bank (80 microrings) is fabricated with a average channel spacing of 83GHz demonstrating the capability to make changes in the average ring waveguide width with an accuracy of 75pm. It is shown that any frequency errors that remain after fabrication can be corrected using thermal tuning with integrated microheaters. The amount of power needed to correct for all frequency errors in the fabricated filter banks is 0.09W, compared to the 2.4W that is needed if no attempt is made to control the frequency spacing during fabrication. Also a temperature stabilization circuit is demonstrated that can stabilize the temperature of the filters to 80mK (280MHz).
High gain and frequency ultra-stable integrators for long pulse and/or high current applications (2013)

Inductive pickup loops are one of the primary magnetic diagnostics used in modern fusion and pulsed power concepts. To convert the direct voltage measurements from the inductive pickup loop to a measurement of magnetic field or current, the loop voltage must be integrated. Several factors make the integration difficult, especially for long-pulse applications requiring integrator stability for operational timescales from seconds to hours.
An Analysis of Initiating and Transition Phases for an Unprotected Loss-of-Flow Accident in an Axially Heterogeneous Fast Breeder Reactor Core (1987)

An unprotected loss-of-flow (LOF) event has been analyzed for a 1000-MW(electric) axially heterogeneous core (AHC) at the end of an equilibrium cycle, using a realistic model to evaluate the AHC safety potential. The SAS3D code was used for the initiating phase analysis, while a phenomenological approach was employed for the transition phase. The SAS3D results showed that the system rapidly approached subcriticality after experiencing a benign power burst, because of axially flattened fuel worth distribution and reduced sodium-void worth particularly around the core center. During the transition phase, fuel-steel discharge into the interassembly gaps, coupled with engagement of the upper axial blanket material in the core region, was found to result in permanent subcriticality and a nonenergetic termination of the LOF event.
Sparse Recovery Using Sparse Sensing Matrix Based Finite Field Optimization in Network Coding (2017)

Network coding (NC) is considered a new paradigm for distributed networks. However, NC has an all-or-nothing property. In this paper, we propose a sparse recovery approach using sparse sensing matrix to solve the NC all-or-nothing problem over a finite field. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is evaluated based on a sensor network.