gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fine pitch copper wire bonding on copper bond pad process optimization (2003)

The development of a new copper wire bonding process for fine pitch applications is currently in progress. The bond pad cleanliness and oxidation levels are important for the ball bond (first bond). By applying an organic coating layer it is possible to protect the copper bond pad from oxidation. Copper wire in an unopened sealed spool already has a thin layer of copper oxide on the surface and does not readily weld (stitch bond) to silver spot plated lead frames and BGA substrates with Au metallization. The intent of this study is to establish the effects of the process parameters for a wire bond process with copper wire with an initial bond pad of 70 /spl mu/m. The copper ball bond on copper bond pad and copper wire stitch bond on silver spot plated lead frame and BGA substrate as well the materials were studied.
Analog-to-Digital Converters (2004)

In this chapter, the performance of analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) will be discussed. The discussion will concentrate on the impact of ADCs on the performance of receivers; therefore, the discussion will be emphasized from a system point of view. The important parameters of the ADC related to receiver performance are number of bits, number of effective bits, maximum sampling frequency, and input bandwidth.
A Theoretical Analysis of Pseudo-Relevance Feedback Models (2013)

Our goal in this study is to compare several widely used pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) models and understand what explains their respective behavior. To do so, we first analyze how different PRF models behave through the characteristics of the terms they select and through their performance on two widely used test collections. This analysis reveals that several well-known models surprisingly tend to select very common terms, with low IDF (inverse document frequency). We then introduce several conditions PRF models should satisfy regarding both the terms they select and the way they weigh them, prior to study whether standard PRF models satisfy these conditions or not. This study reveals that most models are deficient with respect to at least one condition, and that this deficiency explains the results of our analysis of the behavior of the models, as well as some of the results reported on the respective performance of PRF models. Based on the PRF conditions, we finally propose possible corrections for the simple mixture model. The PRF models obtained after these corrections outperform their standard version and yield state-of-the-art PRF models which confirms the validity of our theoretical analysis.
La coherence des ondes ultrasonores en milieu heterogene (1994)

Ce travail etudie les proprietes de coherence des ondes ultrasonores diffusees dans des milieux heterogenes. Le premier chapitre explique comment la notion de coherence spatiale a vu le jour en optique, et souligne les modifications essentielles a prendre en compte lorsque l'on souhaite appliquer ce concept aux signaux ultrasonores non-stationnaires. Le deuxieme chapitre presente des resultats theoriques et experimentaux sur la coherence spatiale du champ acoustique mesure en retrodiffusion par des techniques impulsionnelles. Nous avons developpe un modele qui permet de rendre compte des proprietes de coherence spatiale du champ diffuse quelle que soit la longueur de coherence du milieu, decrivant ainsi la transition entre coherence et incoherence. Ce modele a ete applique au cas de milieux composites, dans lesquels la repartition des diffuseurs est anisotrope ; les resultats experimentaux obtenus ont permis de mettre en evidence le comportement tres particulier de ces milieux et de valider l'approche theorique. Le troisieme chapitre s'interesse a la diffusion multiple d'une onde ultrasonore dans un milieu desordonne. Il s'agit d'un probleme physique tres general, que les particularites des ultrasons permettent de considerer de facon nouvelle. Deux apports originaux sont a souligner particulierement: la mesure de coherence par des reseaux de capteurs, et l'etude de la reversibilite de la propagation en milieu fortement multidiffuseur. Experimentalement, un reseau de capteurs employe comme miroir a retournement temporel permet de refocaliser une onde vers sa source avec une resolution nettement inferieure a la limite theorique de la diffraction. Un modele theorique est alors developpe et presente parallelement aux resultats experimentaux: il permet de bien mettre en evidence l'influence de chacun des parametres sur la qualite de la reversibilite, et l'importance des proprietes de coherence spatiotemporelle du champ multidiffuse
Cardiovascular disease risk factor responses to a type 2 diabetes care model including nutritional ketosis induced by sustained carbohydrate restriction at 1 year: an open label, non-randomized, controlled study (2018)

A continuous care treatment including nutritional ketosis in patients with T2D improved most biomarkers of CVD risk after 1 year. The increase in LDL-cholesterol appeared limited to the large LDL subfraction. LDL particle size increased, total LDL-P and ApoB were unchanged, and inflammation and blood pressure decreased. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02519309. Registered 10 August 2015.
Multicasting of 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK Data into 24 RZ Copies using a Single Pump and Supercontinuum Generation (2010)

We demonstrate multicasting of 40 Gb/s NRZ-OOK data into 24 RZ copies using a single pump and supercontinuum generation. The NRZ signal is optically sampled and a supercontinuum is generated using the sampled signal. An average ~1.6 dB power penalty is achieved for 24 channels at a BER of 10−9.
An Investigation Into the Three-Dimensional Stress- Bi ref r i ng e nce- S t r ain Re la t ions h i p in Elastomers (1995)

The statistical theory of the birefringence of an individual non-Gaussian elas tomer chain is used together with a chain network description of rubber elasticity to develop a relationship among the strain, birefringence, and stress in elas tomers, valid for large deformations under generalized strain states. The result is a fully three-dimensional internal variable based constitutive model of rubber elas ticity in which measurement of the elastomeric birefringence during straining in one deformation state characterizes the optically anisotropic response of the elastomer. Simultaneous measurement of the stress vs. strain response provides the rubbery modulus and limiting network extensibility properties needed to completely characterize the mechanical anisotropy of the material. Once characterized using the single, large deformation experiment, the birefringence and stress responses of the elastomer in other deformation states may then be predicted without adjusting any model parameters. The theory is compared to experimental studies from the literature of large strain deformations of elastomers in uniaxial tension and compression for which the exhibited birefringence and stress responses of deforming elastomers have been simultaneously recorded.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure—Activity Relationships of a Novel Series of HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors Encompassing ABT‐378 (Lopinavir). (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Determination of the absolute jet energy scale in the DØ calorimeters (1999)

The DØ detector is used to study pp̄ collisions at the 1800 and 630 GeV center-of-mass energies available at the Fermilab Tevatron. To measure jets, the detector uses a sampling calorimeter composed of uranium and liquid argon as the passive and active media, respectively. Understanding the jet energy calibration is not only crucial for precision tests of QCD, but also for the measurement of particle masses and the determination of physics backgrounds associated with new phenomena. This paper describes the energy calibration of jets observed with the DØ detector at the two pp̄ center-of-mass energies in the transverse energy and pseudorapidity range ET>8 GeV and |η|<3.
Forever young? The ethical challenges of using ovarian tissue transplants to treat menopause (2015)

Life expectancy statistics predict that in a couple of decades women will enjoy a mean life of 90 years. Assuming a median age for the onset of menopause of 51, women will spend about 40 years in menopause. Harvesting and freezing ovarian cortical tissue at a younger age to permit future transplantation for postponing menopause and its sequelae could become a possible option. However, both medical and ethical issues need to be addressed before this can be offered as a treatment for menopause.
Chick embryo fibroblasts show contact inhibition of movement when colliding with glutaraldehyde fixed cells (1988)

Movements of chick embryo fibroblasts seeded onto glass, which was partly covered with glutaraldehyde-fixed fibroblasts were photographed and analysed. It was observed that collisions of living fibroblasts with the fixed ones led to a contact inhibition of movement and influenced cell shape by limiting cell flattening.
Quantum photonic devices in single-crystal diamond (2013)

Nitrogen–vacancy centers in diamond have outstanding quantum optical properties that enable applications in information processing and sensing. As with most solid-state systems for quantum photonic applications, the great promise lies in the capability to embed them in an on-chip optical network. Here we present basic integrated devices composed of diamond micro-ring resonators coupled to waveguides that are terminated with grating out-couplers. Strong enhancement is observed for the zero-phonon line of nitrogen–vacancy centers coupled to the ring resonance. The zero-phonon line is efficiently coupled from the ring into the waveguide and then scattered out of plane by the grating out-couplers.
Wet-recess process optimization of a bottom antireflective coating for the via-first dual-damascene scheme (2004)

The via-first process is unique by the fact that a material is needed to fill the vias to some arbitrary value, with little or no isolated-dense via bias so that the underlying layer underneath the via is protected from the trench etch step. Secondly, this material may have to coat over the surface of the wafer with some chosen thickness again with minimum or no bias to maximize the trench photolithography process window. Finally, the material must be easily removed from the via after the trench etch with no residue, crowning, or fencing. The ideal via fill material would be able to perform all the above listed parameters, but no perfect solution exists yet. The etchback process that is discussed herein, called the solvent etchback (SOLVE) process bypasses these lengthy modules, will fit within today’s manufacturing processes and will have little impact on throughput of the photobay coating tools. The process utilizes industry standard photoresists solvents such as PGMEA, Ethyl Lactate, PGME and existing solvent prewet dispense nozzles in the BARC coater module. Also, this process only requires one material that can both fill the via and act as a BARC during the trench photo step with a user defined thickness on top the wafer that will minimize light reflections coming from the substrate. The process flow for the SOLVE process is: 1. Coat a wafer with a thick BARC to planarize the wafer and minimize isolated-dense bias. 2. Bake the BARC so that it is partially crosslinked. 3. Apply a solvent to the wafer and etchback the BARC to a thickness that suits the trench photo step. 4. Bake the BARC to fully crosslink the BARC. Process variables that can have an affect on the SOLVE process are the softbake temperature and time to modify the BARC thickness on the wafer. Dispense parameters that will modify the post-etch uniformity of the wafer include the dispense time, dispense spin speed and the IDI M450 dispense pressure. The repeatability of the process can be modified by changing the solvent spin off speed and acceleration.
Genetic Variation on the BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA Region of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class III Associates with Periodontitis (2014)

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with a multifactorial etiology. We investigated whether human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) polymorphisms (6p21.3) are associated with periodontal parameters. Parogene 1 population samples (n = 169) were analyzed with 13,245 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the MHC region. Eighteen selected SNPs (P ≤ 0.001) were replicated in Parogene 2 population samples (n = 339) and the Health 2000 Survey (n = 1,420). All subjects had a detailed clinical and radiographic oral health examination. Serum lymphotoxin-α (LTA) concentrations were measured in the Parogene populations, and the protein was detected in inflamed periodontal tissue. In the Parogene 1 population, 10 SNPs were associated with periodontal parameters. The strongest associations emerged from the parameters bleeding on probing (BOP) and a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥6 mm with the genes BAT1, NFKBIL1, and LTA. Six SNPs, rs11796, rs3130059, rs2239527, rs2071591, rs909253, and rs1041981 (r(2), ≥0.92), constituted a risk haplotype. In the Parogene 1 population, the haplotype had the strongest association with the parameter BOP, a PPD of ≥6 mm, and severe periodontitis with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.63 (2.21 to 3.20), 2.90 (2.37 to 3.52), and 3.10 (1.63 to 5.98), respectively. These results were replicated in the other two populations. High serum LTA concentrations in the Parogene population were associated with the periodontitis risk alleles of the LTA SNPs (rs909253 and rs1041981) of the haplotype. In addition, the protein was expressed in inflamed gingival connective tissue. We identified a novel BAT1-NFKBIL1-LTA haplotype as a significant contributor to the risk of periodontitis. The genetic polymorphisms in the MHC class III region may be functionally important in periodontitis susceptibility.
<title>Wide-angular-aperture acousto-optic devices</title> (1996)

A new class of acousto-optic device that simultaneously achieves a wide angular aperture, broad bandwidth, and high diffraction efficiency is presented. Parallel tangents and beam steering are used simultaneously, which enhances the product of acceptance angle, bandwidth, and diffraction efficiency to be larger than that of isotropic acousto-optic devices by more than one order of magnitude and to be larger than that of tangentially matched acousto-optic devices by more than four times. A wide-angular-aperture acousto-optic device with a center frequency of 150 MHz and operating at 514.5 nm was optimally designed, fabricated, and its performance measured. The consistency between experiment and theory is excellent. This device can also be used as a high speed and high efficiency modulator without any change in design. This was verified experimentally and risetime of 11.7 ns was obtained. Thus, this device can be optimally used as both a wide-angular-aperture Bragg cell/deflector and a high speed modulator.
Effect of Donor Cell Types and Passages on Preimplantation Development and Apoptosis in Porcine Cloned Embryos (2007)

In this study, two cell types from porcine females, namely fetal fibroblasts (pFFs) and adult ear fibroblasts (pAEFs) and two passages (3-4 and 7-8) were investigated by evaluating the development rate, blastocyst cell number and the incidence of apoptosis.No significant differences were observed in the cleavage rates of cloned and IVF embryos.The blastocyst rates between the embryos cloned with pFFs (15.1±3.2) and pAEFs (10.4±2.6) did not differ significantly but was significantly (p<0.05)lower in pAEFs than that in IVF (22.5±4.5)embryos.Total cell number in pFFs (28.4±4.3) and pAEFs cloned blastocysts (24.2±5.1) was significantly (p<0.05)lesser than IVF control (35.4±3.2).Apoptosis rates between cloned blastocysts differed significantly (p<0.05) and were significantly (p<0.05)higher than IVF embryos.The blastocyst rates between the cloned embryos cloned with different cell passages did not differ significantly but in embryos cloned with 7-8 cell passage was significantly (p<0.05)lower than the IVF control.Apoptosis signals were detected in IVF and cloned embryos as early as day 3 and the rates of apoptosis increased concurrently with the embryo development.In conclusion, high apoptosis during in vitro preimplantation development resulted in low development rate and total cell number of cloned embryos.Moreover, based on the apoptotic incidence in cloned blastocysts, fetal fibroblasts are more suitable for production of cloned embryos in porcine.
Orientational motions in mesogenic polyrotaxane and local mode relaxations of polymer segments in solid state polyrotaxane (2010)

In this study, we have investigated molecular fluctuations in a liquid crystalline polyrotaxane (CB5PR) consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and α-cyclodextrins (CDs) chemically modified with mesogenic cyanobiphenyl groups in solid state by dielectric spectroscopy. The results were compared with a hydroxypropylated polyrotaxane (HyPR) without mesogens. CB5PR showed a high-frequency relaxation mode, δ-relaxation due to the rotation of mesogenic groups at high temperature, whereas such a mode was not observed for HyPR. It was found that the activation energy of the rotational mode of mesogenic groups in CB5PR was considerably less than that in conventional side chain liquid crystalline polymers (LCPs). This indicated that the mesogenic groups around the polymer backbone in a solid-state PR rotated more easily than those in conventional LCPs, because mesogens bonded to cyclic CD in CB5PR can rotate independently of the rotational motion of the axis PEG. On the other hand, both CB5PR and HyPR exhibited broader relaxation processes at a much lower temperature around the glass transition of PEG, which was ascribable to the local molecular fluctuation of PEG. Our experimental results suggested that the local fluctuation of PEG in a PR was barely affected by the interaction between PEG and cyclic molecules, independently of the side chains around CD. This decoupling behavior is consistent with the low activation energy of the δ-relaxation in CB5PR.
Growth of Fe-Doped Thick GaN Layers for Preparation of Semi-Insulating GaN Substrates (2005)

Vapor-phase epitaxy of Fe-doped thick GaN layers was performed using GaCl, NH 3 and FeCl 2 as source gases on (0001) sapphire and (111)A GaAs substrates with the aim of preparing semi-insulating (SI) GaN substrates. On sapphire, the resistivity of the GaN layer increased with increasing FeCl 2 input partial pressure. A 12-µm-thick SI GaN layer showing a resistivity of 3.0×10 9 Ω cm at room temperature was successfully grown by compensating for background donors. In contrast, the resistivity of the GaN layers grown on the GaAs substrate remained low (on the order of 10 -2 Ω cm) even though the same growth conditions were used as on the sapphire substrate. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) measurements suggested that the presence of As vapor-species caused by the degradation of the substrate hindered Fe from becoming incorporated into GaN.
Fully Solution-Processed and Foldable Metal-Oxide Thin-Film Transistor (2016)

Flexible and foldable thin-film transistors (TFTs) have been widely studied with the objective of achieving high-performance and low-cost flexible TFTs for next-generation displays. In this study, we introduced the fabrication of foldable TFT devices with excellent mechanical stability, high transparency, and high performance by a fully solution process including PI, YOx, In2O3, SWCNTs, IL-PVP, and Ag NWs. The fabricated fully solution-processed TFTs showed a higher transmittance above 86% in the visible range. Additionally, the charge-carrier mobility and Ion/Ioff ratio of them were 7.12 ± 0.43 cm(2)/V·s and 5.53 ± 0.82 × 10(5) at a 3 V low voltage operating, respectively. In particular, the fully solution-processed TFTs showed good electrical characteristics under tensile strain with 1 mm bending and even extreme folding up to a strain of 26.79%. Due to the good compatibility of each component layer, it maintained the charge-carrier mobility over 79% of initial devices after 5,000 cycles of folding test in both the parallel and perpendicular direction with a bending radius of 1 mm. These results show the potential of the fully solution-processed TFTs as flexible TFTs for a next generation devices because of the robust mechanical flexibility, transparency, and high electrical performance of it.
The Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbene Cyclization Cycloaddition Cascade Reaction of Vinylsulfonates (2009)

Abstract Vinylsulfonates have proved to be excellent dipolarophiles for carbonyl ylides derived from diazoketones in rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular cycloadditions. Polyfunctional substrates, such as 8 and (+)‐ 15 , were readily available from hydroxy esters, e.g. 1 and the cyclopenta‐1,3‐dione 10 , respectively, and the resulting polycyclic sultones were formed under mild reaction conditions in high yields with very good diastereoselectivities. A ruthenium‐catalyzed asymmetric transfer hydrogenation was found to desymmetrize the meso ‐cyclopenta‐1,3‐dione 12 efficiently.
Image quality metrics based on single and multi-channel models of visual processing (2002)

We review two classes of image analysis tools based on single and multiple channel models of human vision processing. These tools were designed to predict the visibility of printed dots and halftone texture, respectively.
Functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex measured by near-infrared spectroscopy during ultrarapid object recognition (2011)

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a developing technology for low-cost noninvasive functional brain imaging. With multichannel optical instruments, it becomes possible to measure not only local changes in hemoglobin concentrations but also temporal correlations of those changes in different brain regions which gives an optical analog of functional connectivity traditionally measured by fMRI. We recorded hemodynamic activity during the Go-NoGo task from 11 right-handed subjects with probes placed bilaterally over prefrontal areas. Subjects were detecting animals as targets in natural scenes pressing a mouse button. Data were low-pass filtered<1 Hz and cardiac∕respiration∕superficial layers artifacts were removed using Independent Component Analysis. Fisher's transformed correlations of poststimulus responses (30 s) were averaged over groups of channels unilaterally in each hemisphere (intrahemispheric connectivity) and the corresponding channels between hemispheres (interhemispheric connectivity). The hemodynamic response showed task-related activation (an increase∕decrease in oxygenated∕deoxygenated hemoglobin, respectively) greater in the right versus left hemisphere. Intra- and interhemispheric functional connectivity was also significantly stronger during the task compared to baseline. Functional connectivity between the inferior and the middle frontal regions was significantly stronger in the right hemisphere. Our results demonstrate that optical methods can be used to detect transient changes in functional connectivity during rapid cognitive processes.
Effect of reinforcing fillers on the rheology of polymer melts (1992)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Mirta I. Aranguren, Elsi Mora, Jon V. DeGroot, Christopher W. Macosko; Effect of reinforcing fillers on the rheology of polymer melts. Journal of Rheology 1 August 1992; 36 (6): 1165–1182. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.550306 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search