gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents for Enhanced Delivery of Antibodies in the Gastrointestinal Tract (2020)

Abstract Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are currently used for the treatment of numerous conditions including cancer, psoriasis, arthritis, and atopic dermatitis, among others. All mAbs are currently administered by either intravenous or subcutaneous injections. Herein, the use of a novel ionic liquid and deep eutectic solvent, choline and glycolate (CGLY), as a platform for gastrointestinal administration of therapeutic antibodies is reported. CGLY maintains the stability and structure of TNFα antibody. CGLY significantly enhances paracellular transport of TNFα antibody in vitro. CGLY also reduces the viscosity of the intestinal mucus, another key barrier for antibody transport. In vivo results in rats demonstrate that CGLY effectively delivers TNFα antibody into the intestinal mucosa as well as systemic circulation. One week repeat dose study followed by histology and serum biochemistry analysis indicates that CGLY is well tolerated by rats. Overall, this work illustrates the promise of using choline‐based ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents as an oral delivery platform for local as well as systemic delivery of therapeutic antibodies.
Lyotropic liquid crystal as a real-time detector of microbial immune complexes (2006)

This technique provides a powerful tool for the detection of microbes in minutes, exploiting the optical and elastic properties of LC.
Supplementary Figure 1 from A Novel Epigenetic Signature for Early Diagnosis in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Flow chart indicating study design and biological and bioinformatic filters&lt;/p&gt;
Detecting and visualizing cell phenotype differences from microscopy images using transport-based morphometry (2014)

Modern microscopic imaging devices are able to extract more information regarding the subcellular organization of different molecules and proteins than can be obtained by visual inspection. Predetermined numerical features (descriptors) often used to quantify cells extracted from these images have long been shown useful for discriminating cell populations (e.g., normal vs. diseased). Direct visual or biological interpretation of results obtained, however, is often not a trivial task. We describe an approach for detecting and visualizing phenotypic differences between classes of cells based on the theory of optimal mass transport. The method is completely automated, does not require the use of predefined numerical features, and at the same time allows for easily interpretable visualizations of the most significant differences. Using this method, we demonstrate that the distribution pattern of peripheral chromatin in the nuclei of cells extracted from liver and thyroid specimens is associated with malignancy. We also show the method can correctly recover biologically interpretable and statistically significant differences in translocation imaging assays in a completely automated fashion.
Physical-layer security in evolving optical networks (2016)

We are witnessing the evolution of optical networks toward highly heterogeneous, flexible networks with a widening area of application. As the bandwidth and reliability performance requirements of mission-critical applications tighten, and the amount of carried data grows, issues related to optical network security are becoming increasingly important. Optical networks are vulnerable to several types of attacks at the physical layer, typically aimed at disrupting the service or gaining unauthorized access to carried data. Such security breaches can induce financial losses to clients or loss of privacy, or cause network-wide service disruption, possibly leading to huge data and revenue losses. Awareness of system weaknesses and possible attack methods is a prerequisite for designing effective network security solutions. As optical networks evolve, new and changing vulnerabilities must be identified and dealt with efficiently. To this end, this article provides a comprehensive overview of potential physical-layer attack scenarios in current and future optical networks. It then proposes a general security framework, outlining possible strategies for dealing with such attacks, meant to aid in the development of efficient provisioning, monitoring, protection, and restoration schemes in the context of optical-layer security.
Stress model and strain energy release rate of a prescribed crack in scarf joint/repair of composite panels (2015)

An analytical model for stress distribution was derived and an analytical model for determining the strain energy release rate of a prescribed crack in a scarf joint or a bonded scarf repair of a composite panel was developed. The crack closure method was used to calculate the strain energy release rate at the crack tip after a prescribed crack was inserted at high adhesive stress locations. In the stress model, the first-order laminated plate theory was applied to the composite panels, including the following: (1) scarfed parent substrate and corresponding repair panel for a bonded scarf repair or (2) both adherend panels for a scarf joint, assuming a linear elastic adhesive. The bondline was presumed to be thin, so the adhesive stresses were presumed to be uniform through the thickness. The coupled second-order differential equations obtained via kinematics and force equilibrium were solved semi-numerically using the symbolic computational tool Maple. Finite element analyses using the commercial software ABAQUS™ were conducted for comparison purposes, and results correlated well with the developed analytical model. Experimental strain data of the bonded scarf repairs was also used to verify the developed model. It can be seen that the highest adhesive stresses occur at locations where high-stiffness plies are discontinued. The obtained strain energy release rate can be used for failure analysis if appropriate critical energy release rates in conjunction with proper mode mixture rule are used.
In vitro assessment of the starch digestibility of western Canadian wheat market classes and cultivars (2018)

The objective of the study was to measure the effect of wheat market class and cultivar on starch digestibility using an in vitro model that mimics the chicken digestive tract and relate it to grain characteristics. The study evaluated 18 wheat cultivars from eight western Canadian wheat classes and, each cultivar was replicated four times. Samples were subjected to gastric and small intestine (SI) digestion phases and each sample was assayed in triplicate; glucose release was measured in SI phase. Starch granule distribution, amylose, total starch, crude protein (CP), ash, and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) were analyzed in all wheat samples. Small intestinal phase times of 15, 60, and 120 min were chosen to approximate digestion in the terminal duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. Starch digestibility of wheat classes ranged as follows: 15 min — 33.1% to 49.1%, 60 min — 80.2% to 93.3%, and 120 min — 92.4% to 97.6%. Starch digestibility positively correlated with CP, ash, NSP, and proportion of large granules, whereas it negatively correlated with total starch, and proportion of small and medium granules. In conclusion, market class and cultivar of western Canadian wheat affects both rate and extent of starch digestibility and it is related to various grain characteristics.
Boosting Domain-Specific Debug Through Inter-frame Compression (2022)

Acceleration of machine learning models is proving to be an important application for FPGAs. Unfortunately, debugging such models during training or inference is difficult. Software simulations of a machine learning system may be of insufficient detail to provide meaningful debug insight, or may require infeasibly long run-times. Thus, it is often desirable to debug the accelerated model while it is running on real hardware. Effective on-chip debug often requires instrumenting a design with additional circuitry to store run-time data, consuming valuable chip resources. Previous work has developed methods to perform lossy compression of signals by exploiting machine learning specific knowledge, thereby increasing the amount of debug context that can be stored in an on-chip trace buffer. However, all prior work compresses each successive element in a signal of interest independently. Since debug signals may have temporal similarity in many machine learning applications there is an opportunity to further increase trace buffer utilization. In this paper, we present an architecture to perform lossless temporal compression in addition to the existing lossy element-wise compression. We show that, when applied to a typical machine learning algorithm in realistic debug scenarios, we are able to store twice as much information in an on-chip buffer while increasing the total area of the debug instrument by approximately 25%. The impact is that, for a given instrumentation budget, a significantly larger trace window is available during debug, possibly allowing a designer to narrow down the root cause of a bug faster.
Controlled Radical Polymerization Methods for the Synthesis of Nonionic Surfactants for CO2 (1998)

Several examples of fluorocarbon containing amphiphilic block copolymers have been synthesized using controlled free radical polymerization methods. These block copolymers contain a CO2 soluble fluorocarbon acrylate or methacryate block and a CO2 insoluble block that is either lipophilic or hydrophilic. The synthesis of these block copolymers is well suited to the controlled free radical polymerization methods of iniferter and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Additionally, the synthesis of block copolymers containing a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) block using a combined living anionic and iniferter synthetic technique is described. These block copolymers have been characterized by GPC, 1H-NMR, and SANS, and their solubility in CO2 has been examined. Potential uses for these block copolymers include surfactants for dispersion polymerizations in CO2 and cleaning and surface treatment technologies.
Phenylxylylethane (PXE): A High-density, high-flashpoint organic liquid scintillator for applications in low-energy particle and astrophysics experiments (2004)

We report on the study of a new liquid scintillator target for neutrino interactions in the framework of the research and development program of the BOREXINO solar neutrino experiment. The scintillator consists of 1,2-dimethyl-4-(1-phenylethyl)-benzene (phenyl-o-xylylethane, PXE) as solvent and 1,4-diphenylbenzene (para-Terphenyl, p-Tp) as primary and 1,4-bis(2-methylstyryl)benzene (bis-MSB) as secondary solute. The density close to that of water and the high flash point makes it an attractive option for large scintillation detectors in general. The study focused on optical properties, radioactive trace impurities and novel purification techniques of the scintillator. Attenuation lengths of the scintillator mixture of 12 m at 430 nm were achieved after purification with an alumina column. A radio carbon isotopic ratio of C-14/C-12 = 9.1 * 10^{-18}$ has been measured in the scintillator. Initial trace impurities, e.g. U-238 at 3.2 * 10^{-14} g/g could be purified to levels below 10^{-17} g/g by silica gel solid column purification.
Risk-Reducing Salpingo-Oophorectomy and Breast Cancer Risk Reduction in the Gynecologic Oncology Group Protocol-0199 (GOG-0199) (2019)

These data suggest that RRSO might be associated with reduced breast cancer incidence among women with a <i>BRCA1/2</i> pathogenic variant, although the effect, if present, is small. This evolving evidence warrants a thorough discussion regarding the impact of RRSO on breast cancer risk with women considering this intervention.
Fast Fading Implementation Optimization in an OFDMA System Simulator (2007)

In this paper, we investigate methods for improving an OFDMA system simulator in terms of trade-off between complexity and radio channel implementation accuracy. Fast fading and SINR calculations are the most resource consuming tasks of a system simulator. In order to decrease their complexity, it is proposed to reduce the number of calculated channel transfer function (CTF) realizations according to the time and frequency correlation properties of the simulated radio channel. Besides, we highlight that the upsampling of the channel impulse response (CIR), which is needed for the fast Fourier transform (FFT) application, may introduce major errors in the channel frequency statistics if it is done by simple brute force grid alignment (BFGA) method. To achieve better results we introduce a low complex upsampling method which reduces the simulation inaccuracies significantly. The possibility to trade complexity for precision is shown. It is possible for instance to divide the fast fading and SINR calculation complexity by 50 while keeping a reasonable simulation accuracy.
Reduced overhead soft error mitigation using error control coding techniques (2011)

Soft errors are one of the biggest reliability challenges for present day electronic devices. With technology scaling, the contribution of soft errors to overall device failure is on the rise and it is becoming the dominant reliability failure mechanism. Several techniques exist for the detection and correction of soft errors. Reducing implementation overhead is one of the areas which researchers were focusing on, and several optimization techniques are being proposed. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology, using error detection and correction codes to reduce the implementation overhead. We extend the earlier work on delayed capture methodology, and divide the total number of flip-flops into various groups and calculate the check bits for each group. This method exploits the reduction in the fault space which is generated due to single event upsets, and illustrates how the detection and correction implementation overheads can be minimized. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of this technique. As compared to the original implementation, 44.80% reduction in area is obtained, without sacrificing the coverage.
Evaluation of Induction and Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines Using Drive-Cycle Energy and Loss Minimization in Traction Applications (2013)

This paper presents a comparative study of induction machines (IMs) and interior permanent-magnet synchronous machines (IPMSMs) in traction applications. Machines are chosen to have similar ratings to operate in the same vector-controlled drive system and to achieve a fair comparison. Due to the dynamic nature of traction applications, static efficiency maps are not used. Instead, energy consumption is evaluated for both IMs and IPMSMs during typical drive cycles. Machine efficiency is also evaluated during the drive cycle to account for steady-state and transient conditions. The results of these comparisons show that the IPMSM can have higher efficiencies for most conditions. After comparing IMs and IPMSMs, loss minimization is integrated into the IM drive. Optimal flux commands are dynamically set, and then, energy and efficiency are compared with those of the IPMSM. Results show that IMs can achieve efficiencies comparable to the IPMSMs when loss minimization is applied. The efficiency gap between the IM and IPMSM is thus reduced, and these results are verified in both a hybrid electric vehicle simulator and a hardware-in-the-loop experimental setup.
Chemical Amplification of a Triphenylene Molecular Electron Beam Resist (2007)

Abstract Molecular resists, such as triphenylene derivatives, are small carbon rich molecules, and thus give the potential for higher lithographic resolution and etch durability, and lower line width roughness than traditional polymeric compounds. Their main limitation to date has been poor sensitivity. A new triphenylene derivative molecular resist, with pendant epoxy groups to aid chemically amplified crosslinking, was synthesized and characterized. The sensitivity of the negative tone, pure triphenylene derivative when exposed to an electron beam with energy 20 keV was ∼ 6 × 10 –4 C cm –2 , which increased substantially to ∼ 1.5 × 10 –5 C cm –2 after chemical amplification (CA) using a cationic photoinitiator. This was further improved, by the addition of a second triphenylene derivative, to ∼ 7 × 10 –6 C cm –2 . The chemically amplified resist demonstrated a high etch durability comparable with the novolac resist SAL 601. Patterns with a minimum feature size of ∼ 40 nm were realized in the resist with a 30 keV electron beam.
CAR NK and CAR T cells versus CTL: factors limiting the sensitivity and efficiency of engineered cytolytic effectors (2017)

Abstract Factors limiting highly sensitive and efficient responses of virus- and cancer-specific CTL have been extensively studied. However, the sensitivity and effectiveness of T cells transduced with CAR specific for target molecules on cancer cells have been less characterized. We endowed NK92 cells and T cells purified from human cord blood with second generation CAR specific for High Molecular Weight Melanoma Associated Antigen (HMW-MMA) and compared the ability of CAR-NK92 and CAR-T cells to kill skin melanoma and uveal melanoma cell lines in in vitro cytolytic assay. We also evaluated the ability of established human virus-specific CTL clones to kill the same target cells presenting cognate pMHC ligands. Skin melanoma cells were more sensitive to specific lysis than uveal melanoma cells. The extent of the specific lysis strongly depended on the level of HMW-MMA expression. CTL clones appeared to be more superior effectors than CAR-NK92 or CAR-T cells as they lysed the melanoma cells that displayed much lower levels of cognate pMHC ligands. CAR-NK92 cells proliferated more vigorously than NK92 cells and maintained the level of CAR expression in culture. In contrast, CAR-CD8+T cells exhibited lower proliferative capacity than the control T cells and were losing cell surface CAR expression. We are currently evaluating the extent of TCR vs CAR clustering and co-clustering of CAR with TCR at the cell surface. We are also comparing Ca2+ flux and granule release by CAR-NK92, CAR-CD8 T cells and CTL in response to CAR or TCR stimulation. Disparities in these parameters could account for differential sensitivity and efficiency of engineered and natural cytolytic effectors.
Borehole Deviation Surveys are Necessary for Hydraulic FractureMonitoring (2006)

Summary. Significant errors in the calculated azimuth and other parameters of a monitored fracture can be caused by not performing accurate borehole deviation surveys for hydraulic fracture monitoring (HFM) and neglecting the effects of the deviating borehole trajectory. For common HFM geometries, a 2° deviation uncertainty of the positions of monitoring or treatment well surveys can cause more than a 40° uncertainty of the inverted fracture azimuths. Furthermore, if the positions of the injection point and the receiver array are not known accurately and the velocity model is artificially adjusted to locate perforations on assumed positions, several milliseconds discrepancies between measured and modelled SH-P-wave traveltime differences may appear along the receiver array. These traveltime discrepancies may then be misinterpreted as an effect of TI anisotropy, and use of such an anisotropic model may lead to the mislocation of the detected fracture(s). The uncertainty of the relative positions between the monitoring and treatment wells can have a cumulative, non-linear effect on inverted fracture parameters.
An Enlightening Structure-Function Relationship (2008)

Mutation and structural data elucidate distinct mechanisms by which different antibodies bind and induce luminescence of dye molecules.
Influence of gate misalignment on the electrical characteristics of MuGFETs (2009)

This work studies the influence of gate misalignment on the electrical properties of MuGFETs using both measurements and 3D simulations. Electrical characteristics such as a DIBL, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> and drain breakdown voltage are shown to be dependent on the gate misalignment due to the resulting change in fin width. Devices that have a Widening of the fin at the Drain side (DW) decreased due to weakening of gate control. Widening of the fin at the Source (SW), however, does not alter the device characteristics.
3A12 Effectiveness of TPA based on change in mode shape(The 12th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control) (2014)

This paper presents new techniques for vibration transmission analysis on the finite element (FE) model using Transfer Path Analysis (TPA). The techniques are 1) a contribution calculation technique for structure with manifold and continuous transfer paths, and 2) a visualization technique of contributions for efficient derivation of measures to reduce vibration. Taking advantage of the characteristics of the numerical model, the cross section whose contributions are calculated is changed sequentially between input point and output point. This contribution of each node and each DOF is converted to influence degree, which is a new indicator and expresses vibration characteristics effectively. The magnitude of the influence degree is visually expressed by deformation of the FE model to support understanding of vibration transmission characteristics. First, the authors applied the proposed techniques to the simple vehicle body FE model for the purpose of reducing vibration at the position on the panel. The parts that are responsible for vibration at the target position were shown as characteristic diagrams. On the basis of these diagrams, the authors modified the structure of the body. As a result, the panel vibration in the focused-on frequency was reduced, and the relationship was obtained by which the measures based on influence degree change the mode shape of vibration to reduce the vibration response. Next, the authors applied this approach to the W/B FE model that represents the actual vehicle body, which is complicated in the same way. As a result, the vibration at the target position was reduced. From this result, the effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed approach was demonstrated.
Theoretical Preliminaries of Acoustics (2013)

This chapter gives a brief review of the acoustics necessary for acoustic array signal processing. In particular, two approaches of representing the sound field are described. Remarks are made on the ill-posedness associated with inverse problems.
Sinkholes, stream channels and base-level fall: a 50-year record of spatio-temporal development on the eastern shore of the Dead Sea (2018)

Abstract. The fall of hydrological base-level is long established as a driver of geomorphological change in both fluvial and karst systems, but few natural occurrences occur on timescales suitable for direct observation. Here we document the spatiotemporal development of fluvial and karstic landforms along the eastern coast of the hypersaline Dead Sea (at Ghor al-Haditha, Jordan) during a 50-year period of regional base-level decline from 1967 to 2017. Combining remote sensing data with close-range photogrammetric surveys, we show that the 35 m base-level fall has caused shoreline retreat of up to 2.5 km, and resulted in: (1) incision of new meandering or straight/braided stream channels and (2) formation of &gt; 1100 sinkholes and several salt-karst uvalas. Both alluvial incision and karst-related subsidence represent significant hazards to local infrastructure. The development of groundwater-fed meandering stream channels is in places interlinked with that of the sinkholes and uvalas. Moreover, active areas of channel incision and sinkhole development both migrate seaward in time, broadly in tandem with shoreline retreat. Regarding theoretical effects of base-level fall, our observations show some deviations from those predicted for channel geometry, but are remarkably consistent with those for groundwater-related salt karstification. Our results present, for the first time in the Dead Sea region, the dual response of surface and subsurface hydrological systems to base level drop as indicated by fluvial and karst geomorphological analysis.