gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rheological Properties of Aqueous Sodium Alginate Slurries for LTO Battery Electrodes (2021)

Rheological properties of electrode slurries have been intensively studied for manifold different combinations of active materials and binders. Standardly, solvent-based systems are under use, but a trend towards water-based electrode manufacturing is becoming more and more important. The different solvent is beneficial in terms of sustainability and process safety but is also accompanied by some disadvantages such as extraction of residual humidity and a higher complexity concerning slurry stability. Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LTO) active material provides good long-term stability and can be processed in aqueous solutions. Combining the LTO active material with sodium alginate (SA) as a promising biobased polymer binder reveals good electrochemical properties but suffers from bad slurry stability. In this work, we present a comprehensive rheological study on material interactions in anode slurries consisting of LTO and SA, based on a complex interaction of differentially sized materials. The use of two different surfactants-namely, an anionic and non-ionic one, to enhance slurry stability, compared with surfactant-free slurry.
A Novel Silicon High Voltage Vertical MOSFET Technology for a 100W L-Band Radar Application (2008)

The silicon vertical MOSFET RF power amplifier described in this paper is the industry's first to utilize high voltage vertical technology. Operating under pulse conditions of 200 musec pulse width and 10% duty cycle it delivers more than 100 W of peak power. Operating in Class AB with only 50 mA of bias current the device achieves more than 20 dB of gain and 47% power added efficiency at P 1 dB compression across 200 MHz of bandwidth at L-Band from 1.2 GHz to 1.4 GHz. The DC characteristics include a BVdss of 115 volts enabling high voltage operation with a 48 V power supply.
Supplementary Materials and Methods, Tables ST1-13 from Humoral Immune Response against Nontargeted Tumor Antigens after Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Its Association with Improved Clinical Outcome (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary materials and Methods, Tables ST1-13. Table ST1: Baseline clinical characteristics of patients in IMPACT Table ST2: Baseline clinical characteristics of patients in ProACT. Table ST3: Increase in levels of IgG against candidate antigens at weeks 2 and 22 in IMPACT as measured with ProtoArray Table ST4: Protein reagents used in Luminex xMAP assays. Table ST5: Overlap of the number of patients who were IgG responders to different antigens at week 10 after treatment in the sipuleucel-T arm of IMPACT. Table ST6: Evaluation of IgG responses to candidate antigens at week 12 in ProACT using Luminex xMAP. Table ST7: Association of post-treatment changes in serum levels of IgG at week 10 with OS in the sipuleucel-T arm of IMPACT. Table ST8: Comparison of OS in sipuleucel-T-treated IgG responders and IgG non-responders at week 10 with that in control patients in IMPACT. Table ST9: Evaluation of IgG responses against candidate antigens at weeks 2 and 22 in IMPACT using Luminex xMAP. Table ST10: Assessment of IgG responses against candidate antigens at weeks 4 and 20 in ProACT using Luminex xMAP. Table ST11: Overlap of the number of sipuleucel-T-treated patients who were IgG responders to antigens across the post-treatment time points in IMPACT Table ST12: Association of changes in serum IgG levels with OS at week 2 or 22 in the sipuleucel-T arm of IMPACT. Table ST13: Comparison of OS in sipuleucel-T-treated IgG responders and IgG non-responders with that in control patients at weeks 2 and 22 in IMPACT.&lt;/p&gt;
Development of a multispectral light‐scatter sensor for bacterial colonies (2016)

We report a multispectral elastic-light-scatter instrument that can simultaneously detect three-wavelength scatter patterns and associated optical densities from individual bacterial colonies, overcoming the limits of the single-wavelength predecessor. Absorption measurements on liquid bacterial samples revealed that the spectroscopic information can indeed contribute to sample differentiability. New optical components, including a pellicle beam splitter and an optical cage system, were utilized for robust acquisition of multispectral images. Four different genera and seven shiga toxin producing E. coli serovars were analyzed; the acquired images showed differences in scattering characteristics among the tested organisms. In addition, colony-based spectral optical-density information was also collected. The optical model, which was developed using diffraction theory, correctly predicted wavelength-related differences in scatter patterns, and was matched with the experimental results. Scatter-pattern classification was performed using pseudo-Zernike (GPZ) polynomials/moments by combining the features collected at all three wavelengths and selecting the best features via a random-forest method. The data demonstrate that the selected features provide better classification rates than the same number of features from any single wavelength. Three wavelength-merged scatter pattern from E. coli.
Blind and Anonymous Identity-Based Encryption and Authorised Private Searches on Public Key Encrypted Data (2009)

Searchable encryption schemes provide an important mechanism to cryptographically protect data while keeping it available to be searched and accessed. In a common approach for their construction, the encrypting entity chooses one or several keywords that describe the content of each encrypted record of data. To perform a search, a user obtains a trapdoor for a keyword of her interest and uses this trapdoor to find all the data described by this keyword. We present a searchable encryption scheme that allows users to privately search by keywords on encrypted data in a public key setting and decrypt the search results. To this end, we define and implement two primitives: public key encryption with oblivious keyword search (PEOKS) and committed blind anonymous identity-based encryption (IBE). PEOKS is an extension of public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) in which users can obtain trapdoors from the
Depth Profile of Nitrogen Atoms in Silicon Oxynitride Films Formed by Low-Electron-Temperature Microwave Plasma Nitridation (2010)

Angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy study was performed on the depth profile of nitrogen atoms in silicon oxynitride (SiON) films formed by the plasma nitridation of silicon dioxide using low-electron-temperature microwave plasma. The depth profile of nitrogen near the SiON surface was confirmed to increase and its peak position moves into SiON films with an increase in the nitridation time, which improves boron immunity. A new transport and reaction model of plasma nitridation is proposed to explain the time evolution of nitrogen concentration and its depth profile in the films. Here, the density of radical nitrogen atoms decreases exponentially with an increase in the distance from the surface, and the nitrogen concentration incorporated in the SiON film is approximately proportional to the logarithmic time of plasma nitridation. It was newly found that post-nitridation annealing strongly enhances the pile-up of nitrogen atoms at the Si–SiON interface owing to their diffusion from the inward tail of the nitrogen depth profile near the surface. It is deduced that the pile-up of nitrogen atoms induces Si–H bonds at the interface, which become the main trigger for the degradation of the negative bias temperature instability of p-channel metal–oxide–silicon transistors.
The measurement of sequential changes in cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism by positron computed tomography with continuous inhalation of oxygen-15 labeled gases (1984)

The use of continuous inhalation of oxygen-15 labeled gases is a widely accepted method to measure regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and oxygen metabolism (CMRO/sub 2/) with positron computed tomography (PCT). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility to measure sequential changes in CBF and CMRO/sub 2/ by PCT. The functional images of CBF, oxygen extraction fraction (OEF), and CMRO/sub 2/ were obtained using continuous inhalation of oxygen-15 labeled carbon dioxide and oxygen. The effects of spinal drainage in CBF and CMRO/sub 2/ were studied in patients with hydrocephalus following subarachnoid hemorrhage due to the rupture of intracranial aneurysm. Following the measurement in control state, 20 ml of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were withdrawn gradually through lumbar puncture, and sequential PCT scans were performed. CBF and CMRO/sub 2/ were markedly depressed in the case with hydrocephalus. The drainage of CSF significantly improved OEF and CMRO/sub 2/, whereas CBF remained depressed. In patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease, the changes in CBF were studied with inhalation of 5% carbon dioxide (CO/sub 2/). CO/sub 2/ loading demonstrated the increase in CBF, while poor regional increase was observed in ''moyamoya'' disease, which permitted the assessment of vascular response to the elevation of more » plasma CO/sub 2/. The authors preliminary work indicated the potential usefulness of sequential PCT to study the changes in CBF and CMRO/sub 2/ with various interventions. « less
Synthesis and Biochemical Evaluation of 3-Phenoxy-1,4-diarylazetidin-2-ones as Tubulin-Targeting Antitumor Agents (2015)

Structure-activity relationships for a series of 3-phenoxy-1,4-diarylazetidin-2-ones were investigated, leading to the discovery of a number of potent antiproliferative compounds, including trans-4-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenoxy-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)azetidin-2-one (78b) and trans-4-(3-amino-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-phenoxy-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)azetidin-2-one (90b). X-ray crystallography studies indicate the potential importance of the torsional angle between the 1-phenyl "A" ring and 4-phenyl "B" ring for potent antiproliferative activity and that a trans configuration between the 3-phenoxy and 4-phenyl rings is generally optimal. These compounds displayed IC50 values of 38 and 19 nM, respectively, in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, inhibited the polymerization of isolated tubulin in vitro, disrupted the microtubular structure in MCF-7 cells as visualized by confocal microscopy, and caused G2/M arrest and apoptosis. Compound 90b possessed a mean GI50 value of 22 nM in the NCI60 cell line screen, displayed minimal cytotoxicity, and was shown to interact at the colchicine-binding site on β-tubulin. Phosphate and amino acid prodrugs of both 78b and 90b were synthesized, of which the alanine amide 102b retained potency and is a promising candidate for further clinical development.
Sampling of Surface Dust Deposits on the CDFD Canisters. (2022)

Abstract not provided.
Classification on Pairwise Proximity Data (1998)

. We investigate the problem of learning a classification task on data represented in terms of their pairwise proximities. This representation does not refer to an explicit feature representation of the data items and is thus more general than the standard approach of using Euclidean feature vectors, from which pairwise proximities can always be calculated. Our first approach is based on a combined linear embedding and classification procedure resulting in an extension of the Optimal Hyperplane algorithm to pseudo-Euclidean data. As an alternative we present another approach based on a linear threshold model in the proximity values themselves, which is optimized using Structural Risk Minimization. We show that prior knowledge about the problem can be incorporated by the choice of distance measures and examine different metrics w.r.t. their generalization. Finally, the algorithms are successfully applied to protein structure data and to data from the cat&amp;apos;s cerebral cortex. They show bet...
Smart Selection (2014)

Natural touch interfaces, common now in devices such as tablets and smartphones, make it cumbersome for users to select text. There is a need for a new text selection paradigm that goes beyond the high acuity selection-by-mouse that we have relied on for decades. In this paper, we introduce such a paradigm, called Smart Selection, which aims to recover a user's intended text selection from her touch input. We model the problem using an ensemble learning approach, which leverages multiple linguistic analysis techniques combined with information from a knowledge base and a Web graph. We collect a dataset of true intended user selections and simulated user touches via a large-scale crowdsourcing task, which we release to the academic community. We show that our model effectively addresses the smart selection task and significantly outperforms various baselines and standalone linguistic analysis techniques.
Microelectronic array devices and techniques for electric field enhanced DNA hybridization in low‐conductance buffers (2002)

A variety of electronic DNA array devices and techniques have been developed that allow electric field enhanced hybridization to be carried out under special low-conductance conditions. These devices include both planar microelectronic DNA array/chip devices as well as electronic microtiter plate-like devices. Such "active" electronic devices are able to provide controlled electric (electrophoretic) fields that serve as a driving force to move and concentrate nucleic acid molecules (DNA/RNA) to selected microlocation test-sites on the device. In addition to ionic strength, pH, temperature and other agents, the electric field provides another controllable parameter that can affect and enhance DNA hybridization. With regard to the planar microelectronic array devices, special low-conductance buffers were developed in order to maintain rapid transport of DNA molecules and to facilitate hybridization within the constrained low current and voltage ranges for this type of device. With regard to electronic microtiter plate type devices (which do not have the low current/voltage constraints), the use of mixed buffers (low conductance upper chamber/high conductance lower chamber) can be used in a unique fashion to create favorable hybridization conditions in a microzone within the test site location. Both types of devices allow DNA molecules to be rapidly and selectively hybridized at the array test sites under conditions where the DNA in the bulk solution can remain substantially denatured.
Tailoring the Mechanical Performance of Epoxy Resin by Various Nanoparticles (2008)

Flexible organic elastomeric nanoparticles (ENP) and two kinds of rigid inorganic silica nanoparticles were dispersed respectively into a bisphenol-A epoxy resin in order to tailor and compare the performance of mechanical properties. It was found that the well-dispersed flexible ENP greatly enhanced the toughness of the epoxy with the cost of modulus and strength. Comparatively, the rigid silica nanoparticles improved Young's modulus, tensile strength and fracture toughness simultaneously. Both fumed and sol-gel-formed nanosilica particles conducted similar results in reinforcing the epoxy resin, although the latter exhibited almost perfect nanoparticle dispersion in matrix. The toughening mechanisms of nanocomposites were further discussed based on fractographic analysis.
Photonic Quantum Computation with Waveguide-Linked Optical Cavities and Quantum Dots (2011)

We propose a new scheme for solid-state photonic quantum computation in which trapped photons in optical cavities are taken as a quantum bit. Quantum gates can be realized by coupling the cavities with quantum dots through waveguides. The proposed scheme allows programmable and deterministic gate operations and the system can be scaled up to many quantum bits.
Time-scale local approach for vibration monitoring (2002)

It is difficult to monitor machine condition and diagnose mechanical faults in mechanical equipment which have varied operational modes and whose dynamic signals are nonstationary. The identification of natural frequencies of vibration and modal damping is of fundamental engineering importance. The damage done to a particular structure under an unknown force might be ascribed to the relative damping or the lack thereof and the natural frequencies of a vibrating system. The paper focuses on the design of a fault detection algorithm, which consists of two steps: (1) residual generation at each scale and (2) decision rules. The designed residual measurements are to reflect possible changes of interest in the dynamic signal. They are based on sufficient statistics of the model parameters at each resolution level. The decision rule is based on the generated residual. The following decision mechanisms are implemented: chi-squared test, and Shewhart control chart. The vibrating system that is considered in this research, is the gear dynamic system. The dynamic system considered in this research is a vibrating gear system.
Classification of style-constrained pattern-fields (2002)

In some classification tasks, all patterns in a field, such as digits in a ZIP-code image, originate from the same, but unknown, source (writer/print style). The class-conditional feature distributions depend on the source of the patterns. Several sources may share the same distribution, or style. The style-conditional distributions are estimated from the training set. The optimal field-classifier computes the class-conditional field-feature-probabilities as the sum of class-and-style-conditional field-feature-probabilities, weighted by the prior probabilities of the styles. We compare the decision regions and error rates of style-weighted classification with both conventional singlet and top-style classification in a minimal family of examples, and discuss some related practical considerations.
Elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels: occurrence with sarcoidosis with end-stage renal disease (1982)

It is generally agreed that the kidneys are the only site of 1-hydroxylation of vitamin D and that the abnormal calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis is caused by increased production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-[OH]2D). We describe a patient with sarcoidosis with hypercalcemic nephropathy and end-stage renal disease undergoing long-term maintenance hemodialysis who was initially seen with hypercalcemia and elevated serum levels of 1,25-(OH)2D. Prednisone administration resulted in decreased serum calcium and 1,25-(OH)2D levels. These results confirm the recent evidence for extrarenal production of 1,25-(OH)2D in sarcoidosis and illustrate the importance of altered vitamin D metabolism in the development of hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis.
Hierarchical Alignment and Full Resolution Pattern Recognition of 2D NMR Spectra: Application to Nematode Chemical Ecology (2011)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the most widely used nondestructive technique in analytical chemistry. In recent years, it has been applied to metabolic profiling due to its high reproducibility, capacity for relative and absolute quantification, atomic resolution, and ability to detect a broad range of compounds in an untargeted manner. While one-dimensional (1D) (1)H NMR experiments are popular in metabolic profiling due to their simplicity and fast acquisition times, two-dimensional (2D) NMR spectra offer increased spectral resolution as well as atomic correlations, which aid in the assignment of known small molecules and the structural elucidation of novel compounds. Given the small number of statistical analysis methods for 2D NMR spectra, we developed a new approach for the analysis, information recovery, and display of 2D NMR spectral data. We present a native 2D peak alignment algorithm we term HATS, for hierarchical alignment of two-dimensional spectra, enabling pattern recognition (PR) using full-resolution spectra. Principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS) regression of full resolution total correlation spectroscopy (TOCSY) spectra greatly aid the assignment and interpretation of statistical pattern recognition results by producing back-scaled loading plots that look like traditional TOCSY spectra but incorporate qualitative and quantitative biological information of the resonances. The HATS-PR methodology is demonstrated here using multiple 2D TOCSY spectra of the exudates from two nematode species: Pristionchus pacificus and Panagrellus redivivus. We show the utility of this integrated approach with the rapid, semiautomated assignment of small molecules differentiating the two species and the identification of spectral regions suggesting the presence of species-specific compounds. These results demonstrate that the combination of 2D NMR spectra with full-resolution statistical analysis provides a platform for chemical and biological studies in cellular biochemistry, metabolomics, and chemical ecology.
Electron-Transfer Reduction Properties and Excited-State Dynamics of Benzo[ghi]peryleneimide and Coroneneimide Derivatives (2014)

A series of benzo[ghi]perylene and coronene derivatives substituted by electron-withdrawing imide and ester groups were systematically synthesized considering (i) number of imide and ester groups, (ii) five- and six-membered imide groups, and (iii) the peripheral positions. The spectroscopic, electrochemical, and photophysical properties of these molecules were investigated in full detail by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, quantum yield measurements of fluorescence and intersystem crossing, electron spin resonance (ESR), and density functional theory calculations. The synthetic introduction of proper substituents on the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring therefore enables us to successfully control the electrochemical and photophysical behaviors. The steady-state absorption and fluorescence spectra also become red-shifted and broadened as compared to those of reference unsubstituted benzo[ghi]perylene and coronene. Regarding the electrochemistry, with an increase in the number of imide groups, the reduction potentials are significantly shifted to the positive direction, which indicates the large enhancement of electron-accepting properties. Then, absorption spectra of mono- and diradical anions of coronenetetraimide (Cor(Im)4), which were generated by the electrochemical reduction, extended to the near-infrared region (up to ∼1000 nm). The ESR measurements of one-electron reduced species of Cor(Im)4 demonstrate that more spin is relatively localized on the nitrogen atom in six-membered imide than that in five-membered imide. Finally, systematic comparison of quantum yields and rate constants of the excited-state dynamics also reveals that the intersystem crossing pathway was accelerated in both benzo[ghi]peryleneimide and coroneneimide derivatives, whereas the fluorescence property was dependent on the number of substituents and structural symmetry. This is in sharp contrast to the high quantum yield (ca. ∼1) of fluorescence of perylenediimides.