gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patterns of weight change and overall survival (OS) during first-line pembrolizumab treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (2023)

e21094 Background: Cancer-associated cachexia and weight change from treatment-related side effects profoundly influence treatment outcomes for patients with NSCLC. Limited data are available to compare the association between weight change and OS for patients with NSCLC treated with pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy. Therefore, we evaluated the change in weight after the first cycle of pembrolizumab-based treatments and its association with OS in patients with metastatic NSCLC. Methods: This retrospective study included 306 patients with NSCLC treated with a first line pembrolizumab-based regimen at Ohio State University from 2018-2021. Baseline characteristics were collected within seven days before cycle one treatment. Percent of weight change (PWC) was calculated as (cycle two weight – baseline weight)/baseline weight x 100%. Severe weight loss was defined as ≥75 th percentile (PWC ≤-3.5%). Kruskal Wallis test was used to compare the significance of median PWC between treatment groups. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to test associations with survival. Results: The median age was 64.0 (IQR 56.7-72.6) years. The median baseline BMI was 26.1 (IQR 22.4-30.7). There was no difference between the median PWCs of patients treated with pembrolizumab monotherapy (-1.2%, IQR -3.7-0.8%) vs. pembrolizumab with chemotherapy (-1.0%, IQR -3.4-0.6%), p = 0.587. The patients whose weight remained stable (PWC -1% to 1%, n = 87 (28.4%)) had the highest median OS at 45.6 months (95% CI 27.6 – not reached); while those with severe weight loss (PWC ≤-3.5%, n = 78 (25.5%)) and weight gain (PWC ≥1%, n = 65 (21.2%)) had significantly decreased survival with median OS 15.6 (95% CI 9.3-20.9) and 16.3 (95% CI 10.1-25.6) months respectively, overall model p-value &lt; 0.001. The PWC remained significantly associated with OS after adjusting for performance status, PD-L1, and treatment with p &lt; 0.001 (Table 1). Conclusions: For patients with metastatic NSCLC treated with first line pembrolizumab-based regimen, similar PWCs were seen between patients treated with pembrolizumab alone or combined with chemotherapy. Regardless of treatment, weight gain and severe weight loss after the first cycle of treatment were associated with reduced OS. Further in-depth analysis is warranted to investigate the potential causes of weight changes, especially for patients with positive PWC. [Table: see text]
Optimal preview control for discrete-time descriptor causal systems in a multirate setting (2013)

AbstractThe optimal preview control problem is proposed for discrete-time descriptor causal systems in a multirate setting. First, according to the characteristics of causal systems, the descriptor system is transformed into an algebraic equation and a normal system represented by a dynamic equation. Second, by using the discrete lifting technique, the normal multirate system is converted to a single-rate system. Then by making use of the standard linear qudratic (LQ) preview control method, we construct the augmented error system, and the optimal preview control law of the augmented error system is obtained. The control law for the augmented system is then transformed to the optimal preview control law of the descriptor causal system in a multirate setting. The stabilisability and detectability of the lifted single-rate system and the augmented error system are discussed in detail. The effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by simulation.Keywords: discrete-time descriptor systemcausal systemdiscrete lifting techniquepreview controlerror system AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61174209).
Catalystic activity of supported f-element organometallic complexes (1981)

R. G. Bowman, R. Nakamura, P. J. Fagan, R. L. Burwell and T. J. Marks, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 257 DOI: 10.1039/C39810000257
Homozygous deletions implicate non-coding epigenetic marks in Autism spectrum disorder (2020)

More than 98% of the human genome is made up of non-coding DNA, but techniques to ascertain its contribution to human disease have lagged far behind our understanding of protein coding variations. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been mostly associated with coding variations via de novo single nucleotide variants (SNVs), recessive/homozygous SNVs, or de novo copy number variants (CNVs); however, most ASD cases continue to lack a genetic diagnosis. We analyzed 187 consanguineous ASD families for biallelic CNVs. Recessive deletions were significantly enriched in affected individuals relative to their unaffected siblings (17% versus 4%, p < 0.001). Only a small subset of biallelic deletions were predicted to result in coding exon disruption. In contrast, biallelic deletions in individuals with ASD were enriched for overlap with regulatory regions, with 23/28 CNVs disrupting histone peaks in ENCODE (p < 0.009). Overlap with regulatory regions was further demonstrated by comparisons to the 127-epigenome dataset released by the Roadmap Epigenomics project, with enrichment for enhancers found in primary brain tissue and neuronal progenitor cells. Our results suggest a novel noncoding mechanism of ASD, describe a powerful method to identify important noncoding regions in the human genome, and emphasize the potential significance of gene activation and regulation in cognitive and social function.
Five-Year Postoperative Results of Cemented Femoral Arthroplasty in Patients With Systemic Bone Disease (1990)

To determine whether bone cellular abnormality affects the results of cemented femoral arthroplasty, 21 patients had biopsies of the iliac crest and femoral cortex at the time of surgery. Roentgenographic and histomorphometric studies were used to characterize fibrous membrane formation, cancellous bone, calcar resorption, and bone turnover. Patients with high bone turnover and decreased femoral thickness and density before surgery were at risk of developing calcar resorption and cancellous diaphyses, conditions that weaken proximal stem support and lead to early failure. These findings suggest that noncemented stems may be indicated in this group. Another group, osteoporotic patients, suffered from osteoblastic insufficiency, which may be the indication for the use of cemented stems rather than noncemented stems, which require bony ingrowth.
Biogenesis of extracellular vesicles in yeast (2010)

The cellular events required for unconventional protein secretion in eukaryotic pathogens are beginning to be revealed. In fungi, extracellular release of proteins involves passage through the cell wall by mechanisms that are poorly understood. In recent years, several studies demonstrated that yeast cells produce vesicles that traverse the cell wall to release a wide range of cellular components into the extracellular space. These studies suggested that extracellular vesicle release involves components of both conventional and unconventional secretory pathways, although the precise mechanisms required for this process are still unknown. We discuss here cellular events that are candidates for regulating this interesting but elusive event in the biology of yeast cells.
TEGRA (2015)

It is well known today that pages on the Web contain a large number of content-rich relational tables. Such tables have been systematically extracted in a number of efforts to empower important applications such as table search and schema discovery. However, a significant fraction of relational tables are not embedded in the standard HTML table tags, and are thus difficult to extract. In particular, a large number of relational tables are known to be in a ``list'' form, which contains a list of clearly separated rows that are not separated into columns.
A Thin Silicon Photonic Platform for Telecommunication Wavelengths (2017)

In this work, we present a high speed resonant modulator at 1550nm fabricated in the thin (<; 100 nm) silicon device layer in a standard microelectronics SOI CMOS process. Data transmission at 25 Gbps over short distances and 12.5 Gbps over 50 km is demonstrated.
Ring-opening polymerization of ω-pentadecalactone catalyzed by phosphazene superbases (2016)

A fast and living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of ω-pentadecalactone (PDL), a representative monomer of macrolactones, was achieved using a primary alcohol as the initiator and <italic>t</italic>-BuP<sub>4</sub> or <italic>t</italic>-octP<sub>4</sub> as the catalyst.
The Use of Streamline Simulation in Reservoir Management: Methodology and Case Studies (2000)

Abstract Because of increased speed and accuracy, 3D streamline simulation now can be used in a wide range of reservoirs. Large reservoirs with hundreds or thousands of wells, several hundred thousand grid blocks and an extensive production history always have been a challenge for finite-difference simulation. The size and complexity of these reservoirs generally have limited simulation to sections or patterns. The streamline technique enables simulation of these reservoirs by reducing the 3D domain to a series of 1D streamlines along which the fluid flow computations are performed, offering computational benefits orders of magnitude greater.. Additionally, increased accuracy is achieved by maintaining the sharp flood fronts from the displacement processes and reducing grid orientation effects. The streamline simulation results substantially have more value as a reservoir management tool when used in conjunction with traditional reservoir engineering techniques such as standard finite-difference simulators. Several case studies that highlight a variety of situations where streamline methods proved highly beneficial are presented in this paper. These studies will help the practicing reservoir engineer decide whether to apply streamline methods and the optimal timing for the application.
Aspects of the Process and Material Relationships in the Selective Laser Melting of Aluminium Alloys (2015)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Work Results and Discussion Conclusions
Influence of Statins on Influenza Vaccine Response in Elderly Individuals (2015)

Influenza vaccination strategies have targeted elderly individuals because they are at high risk of disease complications and mortality. Statins are a class of drugs used to treat hypercholesterolemia and are frequently used in the elderly population to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, statins are also known to have immunomodulatory effects that could impact influenza vaccine response. In a post hoc analysis, we performed a cross-sectional observational study nested within a comparative immunogenicity clinical trial of adjuvanted versus unadjuvanted influenza vaccine in elderly persons to evaluate the influence of statin therapy on the immune response to vaccination. Overall, data on >5000 trial participants were available for analysis. Comparison of hemagglutination-inhibiting geometric mean titers to influenza A(H1N1), A(H3N2), and B strains revealed that titers were 38% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27%-50%), 67% (95% CI, 54%-80%), and 38% (95% CI, 28%-29%) lower, respectively, in subjects receiving chronic statin therapy, compared with those not receiving chronic statin therapy. This apparent immunosuppressive effect of statins on the vaccine immune response was most dramatic in individuals receiving synthetic statins. These effects were seen in both the adjuvanted and unadjuvanted vaccine groups in the clinical trial. These results, if confirmed, could have implications both for future clinical trials design, as well as for vaccine use recommendations for elderly individuals.
Reverse Routing Header (2010)

For new classes of devices such as highly constrained nodes, forward
and return Record Route capabilities are required to enable basic
forwarding operations. This memo defines a such a technique for IPv6.
Silicon optical modulators for integrated transceivers (2013)

We present modulators developed in the projects “HELIOS”, and “UK Silicon Photonics”, integration with modulator driver to produce the first silicon modulator fully integrated with BiCMOS, and multiplexed photonic crystal modulators for ultra-low power operation.
Tumour microenvironment and radiation response in sarcomas originating from tumourigenic human mesenchymal stem cells (2012)

For tumours that displayed similar degrees of oxygenation and vascularization, the clone-specific in vitro radiation resistance could predict the in vivo response to radiation treatment. These results favor the hypothesis that intrinsic genetic factors can govern radiation resistance in this cancer stem cell model.
Domain structures in epitaxial (101~0) Co wires (2001)

A systematic investigation of the magnetic domain structure is presented for epitaxial sub-micron (101~0) Co wires characterized by a strong in-plane uniaxial magneto-crystalline anisotropy whose easy axis is oriented perpendicular to the long wire axis. Wires of varying width (100 to 1000 nm) and thickness (30 to 80 nm) were patterned by electron beam lithography and lift-off process. We establish experimentally the boundaries between the ground state transverse single domain state and the open stripe structure as a function of wire thickness and width. Moreover, the stability of the transverse single domain state is investigated as a function of the magnetization history.
Far-infrared conductivity and anomalous below-gap absorption in superconducting granular NbN (1983)

The far-infrared (10-100 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) complex conductivity of superconducting granular NbN films has been determined from reflection and transmission data. Moderately granular films, with ${R}_{\ensuremath{\square}}=150$ and $200 \frac{\ensuremath{\Omega}}{\ensuremath{\square}}$, followed Leplae-modified Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer---theory predictions with no absorption below the gap frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{g}$. The derived values of $\frac{2\ensuremath{\Delta}}{k{T}_{c}}$ were 3.8 and 4.0, slightly below the results for homogeneous films. Highly granular films, with ${R}_{\ensuremath{\square}}\ensuremath{\ge}500 \frac{\ensuremath{\Omega}}{\ensuremath{\square}}$, displayed dc resistive tails and evidence of Josephson coupling. The real part of the far-infrared conductivity was BCS-type for frequencies above ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{g}$ but showed an anomalous absorption below ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{g}$. This excess absorption may arise from two-dimensional fluctuations in the form of vortices or from normal conducting regions mixed in with the superconducting grains.
Solid-State High-Temperature Power Cells (2008)

All-solid-state electrochemical power cells have been fabricated and tested in a continuing effort to develop batteries for instruments for use in environments as hot as 500 C. Batteries of this type are needed for exploration of Venus, and could be used on Earth for such applications as measuring physical and chemical conditions in geothermal and oil wells, processing furnaces, and combustion engines. In the state-of-the-art predecessors of the present solid-state power cells, fully packaged molten eutectic salts are used as electrolytes. The molten-salt-based cells can be susceptible to significant amounts of self-discharge and corrosion when used for extended times at elevated temperatures. In contrast, all-solid-state cells such as the present ones are expected to be capable of operating for many days at temperatures up to 500 C, without significant self-discharge. The solid-state cell described here includes a cathode made of FeS2, an electrolyte consisting of a crystalline solid solution of equimolar amounts of Li3PO4 and Li4SiO4, and an anode made of an alloy of Li and Si (see figure). The starting material for making the solid electrolyte is a stoichiometric mixture of Li3PO4, SiO2, and Li3CO2. This mixture is ball-milled, then calcined for two hours at a temperature of 1,100 C, then placed in a die atop the cathode material. Next, the layers in the die are squeezed together at a pressure between 60 and 120 MPa for one hour at a temperature of 600 C to form a unitary structure comprising the solid electrolyte and cathode bonded together. Finally, the lithium-alloy anode is pressure-bonded to the solid electrolyte layer, using an intermediate layer of pure lithium. In one test of a cell of this type, a discharge rate of about 1 mA per gram of cathode material was sustained for 72 hours at a temperature of about 460 C. This is about three times the discharge rate required to support some of the longer duration Venus-exploration mission scenarios.
Spectroscopic Observation of Calcium‐Induced Reorientation of Cellobiose Dehydrogenase Immobilized on Electrodes and its Effect on Electrocatalytic Activity (2015)

Cellobiose dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of various carbohydrates and is considered as a possible anode catalyst in biofuel cells. It has been shown that the catalytic performance of this enzyme immobilized on electrodes can be increased by presence of calcium ions. To get insight into the Ca(2+) -induced changes in the immobilized enzyme we employ surface-enhanced vibrational (SERR and SEIRA) spectroscopy together with electrochemistry. Upon addition of Ca(2+) ions electrochemical measurements show a shift of the catalytic turnover signal to more negative potentials while SERR measurements reveal an offset between the potential of heme reduction and catalytic current. Comparing SERR and SEIRA data we propose that binding of Ca(2+) to the heme induces protein reorientation in a way that the electron transfer pathway of the catalytic FAD center to the electrode can bypass the heme cofactor, resulting in catalytic activity at more negative potentials.
Surface Ocean Dispersion Observations From the Ship-Tethered Aerostat Remote Sensing System (2018)

Oil slicks and sheens reside at the air-sea interface, a region of the ocean that is notoriously difficult to measure. Little is known about the velocity field at the sea surface in general, making predictions of oil dispersal difficult. The Ship-Tethered Aerostat Remote Sensing System (STARSS) was developed to measure Lagrangian velocities at the air-sea interface by tracking the transport and dispersion of bamboo dinner plates in the field of view of a high-resolution aerial imaging system. The camera had a field of view of approximately 300 200 m and images were obtained every 15 s over periods of up to 3 h. A series of experiments were conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico in January-February 2016. STARSS was equipped with a GPS and inertial navigation system (INS) that was used to directly georectify the aerial images. A relative rectification technique was developed that translates and rotates the plates to minimize their total movement from one frame to the next. Rectified plate positions were used to quantify scale-dependent dispersion by computing relative dispersion, relative diffusivity, and velocity structure functions. STARSS was part of a nested observational framework, which included deployments of large numbers of GPS-tracked surface drifters from two ships, in situ ocean measurements, X-band radar observations of surface currents, and synoptic maps of sea surface temperature from a manned aircraft. Here we describe the STARSS system and image analysis techniques, and present results from an experiment that was conducted on a density front that was approximately 130 km Carlson et al.
A muscle temperature compensation technique for EMG fatigue measures (2002)

A muscle temperature compensation technique for EMG mean power frequency analysis has been demonstrated. This technique corrects for the detrimental influence of muscle temperature changes on EMG fatigue measurements, thereby improving the efficacy of EMG fatigue measurements during high-intensity, dynamic activities that result in muscle temperature increases.
Masked Failure Data (2014)

Abstract We discuss life‐testing situations in which some of the failures are not identified as being due to a single cause, but are rather explained by one of the causes in a group. Failures of this type are called masked . Within this framework, we discuss the problems of modeling, estimation, and diagnostics. Such problems involve, for example, identification of survival curves for individual causes, or estimation of parameters related to conditions under which masking occurs. Another class of problems is related to the impact of masking on root‐cause analysis of individual failures. We also discuss the impact of masking on quality and reliability management issues.
Refractory hyperhaemolysis in a patient with β‐thalassaemia major (2001)

We report the case of a 1-year-old girl with newly diagnosed beta-thalassaemia major. Following an initial blood transfusion with phenotypically matched blood, she developed a haemolytic anaemia which progressed with subsequent transfusions. The Direct Antiglobulin test (DAT) was strongly positive with C3d and weakly with IgG. The only free antibodies detected were a weak anti-H and a weak cold auto-antibody, which did not exhibit a wide thermal range. The indirect Donath-Landsteiner and Ham's tests were negative. There was no sustained clinical response to steroids, immunoglobulin infusions or splenectomy. An HLA identical sibling donor was available for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) and the haemolysis resolved during the immunosuppressive transplant conditioning. Such hyperhaemolysis without significant red cell alloantibodies has previously been reported in patients with sickle cell anaemia, but only rarely in patients with beta-thalassaemia major.
Can hospitals impact users’ experience? Application of an evaluation tool to enhance Design for All (2021)

Abstract Background Design for All (DfA) strategy addressing human diversity, social inclusion and equality, can have an impact on users' well-being in healthcare facilities. However, evaluation tools are needed to identify the extent to which DfA influences users' experience and service quality. This study explores the application of the Design for All A.U.D.I.T. (Assessment Usability Design &amp; Inclusion Tool). Methods The tool's structure is based on a multicriteria framework that evaluate hospital areas through a rating system. The hierarchical framework includes three Categories of DfA outcomes (Physical-spatial quality; Sensorial-cognitive quality and Social quality) with related criteria, indicators and requirements. The tool has been applied in the evaluation of two private hospitals, one in Buffalo (US) and one in Milan (Italy). Results The analysis of findings addressed both spatial and DfA qualities. For spaces, Horizontal circulation had the best scores in both hospitals (76% Italy, 88% US). The Italian hospital Vertical circulation had the lowest score (46%), while in the Buffalo facility Outdoor spaces had the lowest scores. Regarding DfA qualities, the Italian hospital obtained the highest score in Environmental Factors (84%), due to a sustainable design approach, while Social Inclusion got the lowest score (54%). The Buffalo facility scored higher on Social Inclusion (87%) because it provides diverse services for users. Both the hospitals had problems with Wayfinding due to layout and signs, scoring low on this criterion (59% Italy, 39% US). Conclusions The analysis of the hospitals demonstrated that the tool can evaluate spaces and DfA outcomes along dimensions of health and well-being. The system can be used to identify critical aspects and suggest design strategies, defining priorities for interventions. Further research directions will consider applications in different hospitals to ensure the tool scalability and application to new building projects. Key messages The evaluation tool enhances Public Health by measuring hospital quality in terms of Design for All and user needs. The tool can be applied in the decision-making process during design and renovation of specific areas of hospitals to implement Inclusive Design.