gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD38 identifies a hypo‐proliferative IL‐13‐secreting CD4+ T‐cell subset that does not fit into existing naive and memory phenotype paradigms (2011)

CD38 is commonly regarded as an activation marker for human T cells. Herein, we show that CD38 expression identifies a hypo-proliferative CD4(+) T-cell subset that, following TCR stimulation, retains expression of naive cell surface markers including CD45RA, CD62L and CCR7. Hypo-proliferation was mediated by reduced CD25 up-regulation upon TCR stimulation compared to CD4(+) CD38(-) cells and lack of responsiveness to exogenous IL-2. Instead, CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells expressed CD127, and hypo-proliferation was reversed by addition of IL-7, further associated with increased STAT5 phosphorylation. This phenotype was exacerbated by addition of an agonistic CD38-binding antibody, suggesting that signaling through CD38 promotes this cell profile. Activated CD4(+) CD38(+) cells had a bias towards IL-13 secretion, but not other Th2 cytokines such as IL-4 or IL-5. In comparison, the CD4(+) CD38(-) cells had a clear bias towards secretion of Th1-associated cytokines IFN-γ and TNF. The existence of such CD4(+) CD38(+) T cells may play an important role in pathologies such as asthma, which are associated with IL-13, but not IL-4 and IL-5. Coupled with responsiveness to IL-7 but not IL-2, and the involvement of CD38 ligation, our results highlight a unique T-cell subpopulation that does not fit into existing naive and memory cell paradigms.
System-level Performance Verification of Multicore Systems-on-Chip (2009)

MCSoC are comprised of a rich set of processor cores, specialized hardware accelerators, and I/O interfaces. Focusing only on functional verification is risky because the motivation for building such systems in the first place is to achieve high levels of system throughput: a functionally correct MCSoC that does not exhibit sufficient performance will fail in the market. Furthermore, focusing performance verification on individual system components (e.g., measuring processor core performance or hardware accelerator performance in isolation) is insufficient due to (1) the degree of resource contention that occurs in the MCSoC, and (2) the degree of configuration flexibility that is typically afforded by an MCSoC. These factors motivate system-level performance verification of MCSoC. This paper presents an important industrial case study of MCSoC performance verification, highlighting the methodology used, the lessons learned, and recommendations for improvement.
Diarylamino-substituted tetraarylethene (TAE) as an efficient and robust hole transport material for 11% methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells (2015)

We report the synthesis and characterisation of tetra{4-[N,N-(4,4'-dimethoxydiphenylamino)]phenyl}ethene () as an efficient and robust hole transport material for its application in methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPI) perovskite solar cells. The solar cells show light-to-energy conversion efficiencies as high as 11.0% under standard measurement conditions without the need of additional dopants.
Yes-Associated Protein 1 Is Activated and Functions as an Oncogene in Meningiomas (2012)

The Hippo signaling pathway is functionally conserved in Drosophila melanogaster and mammals, and its proposed function is to control tissue homeostasis by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis. The core components are composed of a kinase cascade that culminates with the phosphorylation and inhibition of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). Phospho-YAP1 is retained in the cytoplasm. In the absence of Hippo signaling, YAP1 translocates to the nucleus, associates with co-activators TEAD1-4, and functions as a transcriptional factor promoting the expression of key target genes. Components of the Hippo pathway are mutated in human cancers, and deregulation of this pathway plays a role in tumorigenesis. Loss of the NF2 tumor suppressor gene is the most common genetic alteration in meningiomas, and the NF2 gene product, Merlin, acts upstream of the Hippo pathway. Here, we show that primary meningioma tumors have high nuclear expression of YAP1. In meningioma cells, Merlin expression is associated with phosphorylation of YAP1. Using an siRNA transient knockdown of YAP1 in NF2-mutant meningioma cells, we show that suppression of YAP1 impaired cell proliferation and migration. Conversely, YAP1 overexpression led to a strong augment of cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth and restriction of cisplatin-induced apoptosis. In addition, expression of YAP1 in nontransformed arachnoidal cells led to the development of tumors in nude mice. Together, these findings suggest that in meningiomas, deregulation of the Hippo pathway is largely observed in primary tumors and that YAP1 functions as an oncogene promoting meningioma tumorigenesis.
Purification of Fungal Haustoria from Infected Plant Tissue by Flow Cytometry (2014)

A hallmark of biotrophy in many fungal plant pathogens is the formation of a specialized pathogenic structure called the haustorium from infectious hyphae. This is the major parasitic structure, where nutrients are taken up from the host and pathogenicity factors are exported to the host tissue. Obligate biotrophic fungi can typically be cultured in vivo only to a limited extent and do not produce haustoria under these conditions. This has hampered the application of classic molecular biology techniques to haustoria-forming pathogens. The lectin Concanavalin A (Con A), which binds specifically to sugars present on the exterior of rust haustoria, was first used in a column-based affinity purification procedure in 1992 (Hahn and Mendgen, Protoplasma 170:95-103, 1992). Here we describe a new technique where we combine initial gradient purification of haustoria with flow-sorting based on labeling of haustoria with fluorescent Con A. Our method allows haustorial isolation with purity above 98 % and yields ten times more isolated haustoria in a single experiment than the previous procedure.
REACTIONS OF DRUG-DEPENDENT ANTIBODIES WITH METABOLITES OF QUININE (Qn) AND QUINIDINE (Qd) (1987)

In many cases of drug-induced immunologic thrombocytopenia (DITP), a metabolite, rather than the native drug, is suspected of provoking the destructive drug-dependent antibodies (DDAB) responsible for this severe hemorrhagic disorder. However, this has not previously been investigated for Qn- and Qd-DDAB. We report evidence that the native drugs, and not their metabolites, are the provocative agents in Qn and Qd DITP. Reactions of Qn- and Qd-DDAB with platelets were studied with the native drugs and four of their metabolites: the N-oxide and 10,11-diol derivatives (quinuclidine ring modifications), the des-methyl derivatives (aromatic quinoline ring modification), and 2'-quininone and 2'-quinidinone (2'-oxo derivatives) (also quinoline ring modifications on Qn and Qd, respectively). Five antibodies were studied:two Group 1 DDAB (specific for compounds with native configuration at asymmetric carbon positions), two Group 2 DDAB (similar to Group 1 DDAB but also known to require the methoxy group on the quinuclidine ring for full activity), and one Group 3 DDAB (reactive with the native drug, its stereoisomer, and several nonmetabolic analogs of both compounds) . Using a complement-dependent 51Cr-lysis assay, the reactions of all DDAB with platelets and the four metabolites were similar to 100-fold weaker when compared to reactions obtained with the native drug, with these exceptions:Group 2 DDAB failed to react with the desmethyl and 2'-oxo metabolites and the Group 3 DDAB failed to react with 2'-oxo Qd. This observation shows that the activity of certain DDAB is critically dependent on the native quinoline ring structure. Importantly, none of the DDAB reacted more strongly with any of the metabolites tested when compared with reactions in the presence of the native drug. These findings indicate that DDAB react with platelets preferentially in the presence of the unaltered Qn and Qd molecules and suggest that, while the role of metabolites cannot be entirely ruled out, the native structure of the drug molecule is sufficient to stimulate production of the antibodies responsible for DITP.
Experimental Investigation of CCSDS File Delivery Protocol (CFDP) over Cislunar Communication Links with Intermittent Connectivity (2008)

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) file delivery protocol, also known as CFDP, is a new standard protocol designed to meet a comprehensive set of file transfer requirements in space communications, especially for deep space missions. However, the performance of CFDP in cislunar space has not yet been evaluated, although the protocol has been particularly developed for deep space communications. In this work, we discuss an experimental investigation of the core file-delivery operation of unreliable CFDP in cislunar space communications. Presented is an experimental performance evaluation of unreliable CFDP operating with reliable transmission control protocol (TCP) and reliable CDFP operating with UDP over the simulated cislunar communication link with intermittent link connectivity.
Detailed immunophenotyping of B‐cell precursors in regenerating bone marrow of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients: implications for minimal residual disease detection (2017)

Flow cytometric detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) in children with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP-ALL) requires immunophenotypic discrimination between residual leukaemic cells and B-cell precursors (BCPs) which regenerate during therapy intervals. In this study, EuroFlow-based 8-colour flow cytometry and innovative analysis tools were used to first characterize the immunophenotypic maturation of normal BCPs in bone marrow (BM) from healthy children, resulting in a continuous multiparametric pathway including transition stages. This pathway was subsequently used as a reference to characterize the immunophenotypic maturation of regenerating BCPs in BM from children treated for BCP-ALL. We identified pre-B-I cells that expressed low or dim CD34 levels, in contrast to the classical CD34<sup>high</sup> pre-B-I cell immunophenotype. These CD34<sup>-dim</sup> pre-B-I cells were relatively abundant in regenerating BM (11-85% within pre-B-I subset), while hardly present in healthy control BM (9-13% within pre-B-I subset; P = 0·0037). Furthermore, we showed that some of the BCP-ALL diagnosis immunophenotypes (23%) overlapped with CD34<sup>-dim</sup> pre-B-I cells. Our results indicate that newly identified CD34<sup>-dim</sup> pre-B-I cells can be mistaken for residual BCP-ALL cells, potentially resulting in false-positive MRD outcomes. Therefore, regenerating BM, in which CD34<sup>-dim</sup> pre-B-I cells are relatively abundant, should be used as reference frame in flow cytometric MRD measurements.
A bio-inspired living lab as a robot exoskeleton (2015)

We propose a “bio-inspired” architecture of a living lab based on a robot operating system, in order to facilitate maintaining senior people autonomy at home. A highly personalized approach is possible in the personal home environment, which should adapt to its inhabitants along their life, providing a personalized robotic physical assistance together with a cognitive and mnesic support. The described architecture is completely modular, providing the opportunity to include more features, sensors and actuators in the living lab in the future. An example of indoor localization using depth cameras is described. It illustrates both the ability to use existing sensors with high interoperability and how the system can be extended. A scenario of activity treated by the system is also discussed.
Workplace Indirect Cost Impacts of Nasal and Sinus Symptoms and Related Conditions (2019)

Better management of these symptoms, and awareness of how they impact an individual's ability to perform job-functions in the workplace, could improve overall productivity.
Bit allocation methods for closed-loop coding of oversampled pyramid decompositions (2002)

Oversampled pyramid decompositions have been successfully applied to scalable video coding. Quantization noise feedback at the encoder ("closed-loop coding") has several advantages compared to "open-loop coding" where noise feedback is not included. Finding optimal bit allocations for closed-loop coders is a complex task since the rate-distortion (R-D) performance of one quantizer depends on the selected operational points of all previous ones. We present simplified models for closed-loop and open-loop coding. From those, analytical solutions to the optimal bit allocation problem can be derived. In the optimal case, closed-loop coding outperforms open-loop coding although distortion in lower resolution layers of the closed-loop coder may become rather high which is undesirable in scalable coding applications. In this case it turns out to be a good solution to use an optimal open-loop bit allocation for closed-loop coding. Theoretical results are verified by coding experiments.
Anti-Apoptotic Effect of Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase on Endothelial Cells under Oxidative Stress, Independent of Telomere Elongation and Telomerase Activity (2013)

Increasing age and replicative senescence with critical shortening of telomeres is associated with endothelial dysfunction followed by atherosclerosis. Although human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) is suggested to play an important role in endothelial cells, the precise effect of hTERT is still uncertain. In this study we investigated telomerase- independent hTERT function against oxidative stress using a primary culture of endothelial cells in which telomerase enzymatic activity was inhibited by addition of 3’-azido-3’-deoxythymidine (AZT). Overexpression of hTERT attenuated H2O2-induced endothelial apoptosis, assessed by cell viability assay and flow cytometry, accompanied by significant reduction of caspase-3 activity. Of importance, it was suggested that this effect was independent of telomerase enzymatic activity because hTERT expression did not alter telomere length under addition of AZT. Also, suppression of human telomerase-associated protein 1 (TEP-1) by introduction of TEP-1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) did not affect the anti-apoptotic effect of hTERT, suggesting that hTERT does not cooperate with TEP-1, another component of telomerase. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effect of hTERT was through attenuation of H2O2-induced upregulation of p53, followed by reduction of Bax and induction of Bcl-xL. Also, overexpression of hTERT resulted in activation of the transcription factor, NFκB, which is an anti-apoptotic factor. Altogether, the present study demonstrated the anti-apoptotic effect of not telomerase but hTERT itself on cultured endothelial cells under oxidative stress, independent of telomere elongation, followed by acquired replicative ability. Also, this function of hTERT did not require another protein component of telomerase. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic effect of hTERT on endothelial cells was mediated by two pathways; reduction of p53/Bax and activation of NFκB. Keywords: Apoptosis, atherosclerosis, AZT, Bax, Bcl-xL, caspase-3, endothelial cell, hTERT, NFκB, oxidative stress, p53, telomerase, telomere length, TEP-1.
The Future of Artificially Intelligent Assistants (2017)

Artificial Intelligence has been present in literature at least since the ancient Greeks. Depictions present a wide range of perspectives of AI ranging from malefic overlords to depressive androids. Perhaps the most common recurring theme is the AI Assistant: C3PO from Star Wars; the Jetson's Rosie the Robot; the benign hyper-efficient Minds of Iain M. Banks's Culture novels; the eerie HAL 9000 of Arthur C. Clarke's 2001: A Space Odyssey. Today, artificially intelligent assistants are actual products in the marketplace, based on startling recent progress in technologies like speaker-independent speech recognition. These products are in their infancy, but are improving rapidly. In this panel, we will address the product and technology landscape, and will ask a series of experts in the field plus the members of the audience to take a stance on what the future of artificially intelligent assistants will look like.
A genetically defined disease model reveals that urothelial cells can initiate divergent bladder cancer phenotypes (2019)

Small cell carcinoma of the bladder (SCCB) is a rare and lethal phenotype of bladder cancer. The pathogenesis and molecular features are unknown. Here, we established a genetically engineered SCCB model and a cohort of patient SCCB and urothelial carcinoma samples to characterize molecular similarities and differences between bladder cancer phenotypes. We demonstrate that SCCB shares a urothelial origin with other bladder cancer phenotypes by showing that urothelial cells driven by a set of defined oncogenic factors give rise to a mixture of tumor phenotypes, including small cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Tumor-derived single-cell clones also give rise to both SCCB and urothelial carcinoma in xenografts. Despite this shared urothelial origin, clinical SCCB samples have a distinct transcriptional profile and a unique transcriptional regulatory network. Using the transcriptional profile from our cohort, we identified cell surface proteins (CSPs) associated with the SCCB phenotype. We found that the majority of SCCB samples have PD-L1 expression in both tumor cells and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, suggesting that immune checkpoint inhibitors could be a treatment option for SCCB. We further demonstrate that our genetically engineered tumor model is a representative tool for investigating CSPs in SCCB by showing that it shares a similar a CSP profile with clinical samples and expresses SCCB-up-regulated CSPs at both the mRNA and protein levels. Our findings reveal distinct molecular features of SCCB and provide a transcriptional dataset and a preclinical model for further investigating SCCB biology.
A Device to Measure the Oxygen Uptake Rate of Attached Cells: Importance in Bioartificial Organ Design (1994)

Quantification of the dependence of cellular oxygen uptake rate (OUR) on oxygen partial pressure is useful for the design and testing of bioartificial devices which utilize cells. Thus far, this information has only been obtained from suspended cells and from cells attached to microcarriers. In this work, a device was developed to obtain the dependence of OUR on oxygen partial pressure for anchorage-dependent cells cultured in standard culture dishes. The device is placed and sealed on the top of the culture dish, and holds a Clark polarographic mini-electrode flush with the bottom surface of the device. It also houses a motor to spin a magnetic stir bar within the cell chamber to insure that the medium is well-mixed. Several characteristics of the device--such as oxygen leakage into the device chamber, electrode-lag time, and linearity of the electrode at low oxygen partial pressures--were quantified and their potential effect on the values of Vm (maximal OUR) and K0.5 (oxygen partial pressure at which OUR is half-maximal) were evaluated. Comparison of Vm and K0.5 values obtained with this device with previously published values for suspended rat hepatocytes, Bacillus cereus, and E. coli indicated that the technique provides values accurate within 30% as long as the cell under study has a K0.5 greater than approximately 1.0 mmHg. For hepatocytes cultured on 0.05 mm thickness collagen gel for 1 day (n = 4) and 3 days (n = 6), Vm was found to be 0.38 +/- 0.12 and 0.25 +/- 0.09 nmol O2/S/10(6) cells, respectively, and K0.5 was found to be 5.6 +/- 0.5 and 3.3 +/- 0.6 mmHg, respectively. This technique should aid in predicting bioreactor conditions such as flow rate, cell density, distance of cell from flow, and gas phase oxygen partial pressure which can lead to oxygen limitations. In addition, further studies of the effect of factors such as extracellular matrix composition, metabolic substrate, and drugs on the dependence of OUR on oxygen partial pressure for many anchorage-dependent cell types can be pursued with this technique.
Percutaneous Treatment of an Intraoperative Arterial Injury as a Result of Endoureterotomy (1997)

No AccessJournal of UrologyClinical Urology: Case Report1 Jun 1997Percutaneous Treatment of an Intraoperative Arterial Injury as a Result of Endoureterotomy Amir M. Houshiar, John C. Hulbert, H. Bjarnason, and Andrew H. Cragg Amir M. HoushiarAmir M. Houshiar More articles by this author , John C. HulbertJohn C. Hulbert More articles by this author , H. BjarnasonH. Bjarnason More articles by this author , and Andrew H. CraggAndrew H. Cragg More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(01)64736-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Percutaneous Treatment of an Intraoperative Arterial Injury as a Result of Endoureterotomy." The Journal of Urology, 157(6), pp. 2249–2250 References 1 : Endopyelotomy and endoureterotomy with the Acucise ureteral cutting balloon device: preliminary experience. J. Endourol.1993; 7: 45. Google Scholar 2 : Nearly fatal injury of iliac artery after inaccurate incision of ureterointestinal stricture in orthotopic neo-bladder. J. Urol.1996; 155: 640. Abstract, Google Scholar 3 : Human transluminally placed endovascular stented grafts: preliminary histopathologic analysis of healing grafts in aortoiliac and femoral artery occlusive disease. J. Vasc. Surg.1995; 21: 595. Google Scholar 4 : Transfemoral intraluminal graft implantation for abdominal aortic aneurysms. Ann. Vasc. Surg.1991; 5: 491. Google Scholar 5 : Percutaneous femoropopliteal graft placement. J. Vasc. Intervent. Rad.1993; 4: 455. Google Scholar From the Departments of Urology and Radiology, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota.© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited BySexton W, Routh W, McCullough D and Bare R (2018) HYPOGASTRIC ARTERIAL-URETERAL FISTULAJournal of Urology, VOL. 159, NO. 1, (196-197), Online publication date: 1-Jan-1998. Volume 157Issue 6June 1997Page: 2249-2250 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1997 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Amir M. Houshiar More articles by this author John C. Hulbert More articles by this author H. Bjarnason More articles by this author Andrew H. Cragg More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...