gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Third-Order Optical Nonlinearity Driven by Surface-Plasmon Field Gradients (2018)

Efficient nonlinear optical frequency mixing in small volumes is key for future on-chip photonic devices. However, the generally low conversion efficiency severely limits miniaturization to nanoscale dimensions. Here we demonstrate that gradient-field effects can provide for an efficient, conventionally dipole-forbidden nonlinear response. We show that a longitudinal nonlinear source current can dominate the third-order optical nonlinearity of the free electron response in gold in the technologically important near-IR frequency range where the nonlinearities due to other mechanisms are particularly small. Using adiabatic nanofocusing to spatially confine the excitation fields, from measurements of the $2{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ four-wave mixing response as a function of detuning ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{1}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$, we find up to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$ conversion efficiency with a gradient-field contribution to ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{Au}}^{(3)}$ of up to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{m}}^{2}/{\mathrm{V}}^{2}$. The results are in good agreement with the theory based on plasma hydrodynamics and underlying electron dynamics. The associated increase in the nonlinear conversion efficiency with a decreasing sample size, which can even overcompensate the volume decrease, offers a new approach for enhanced nonlinear nano-optics. This will enable more efficient nonlinear optical devices and the extension of coherent multidimensional spectroscopies to the nanoscale.
InGaN/GaN lasers grown on SiC (1998)

Single crystal thin films with compositions from the AlN-InN- GaN system were grown via metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on single crystal 6H-SiC substrates. Blue light emitting (LED) and laser diode (LD) structures were fabricated. A conducting buffer layer was developed which uses an AlGaN buffer layer which provides a conduction path between SiC and the active device region. This conducting buffer layer was utilized in both the LEDs and the LDs. The external quantum efficiency of the LEDs was 3% at 20 mA (3.6V) with a peak emission wavelength of 430 nm. Violet and blue LDs were fabricated which consisted of an 8-well InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) active region in a separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) design. The devices lased at room temperature under pulsed and continuous wave operation with an emission wavelength of 404-435 nm. The lowest pulsed operation threshold current density obtained for lasing under was 10.4 kA/cm<SUP>2</SUP>.
Generalised magnetisation-to-singlet-order transfer in nuclear magnetic resonance (2020)

A variety of pulse sequences have been described for converting nuclear spin magnetisation into long-lived singlet order for nuclear spin-1/2 pairs. Existing sequences operate well in two extreme parameter regimes. The magnetisation-to-singlet (M2S) pulse sequence performs a robust conversion of nuclear spin magnetisation into singlet order in the near-equivalent limit, meaning that the difference in chemical shift frequencies of the two spins is much smaller than the spin-spin coupling. Other pulse sequences operate in the strong-inequivalence regime, where the shift difference is much larger than the spin-spin coupling. However both sets of pulse sequences fail in the intermediate regime, where the chemical shift difference and the spin-spin coupling are roughly equal in magnitude. We describe a generalised version of M2S, called gM2S, which achieves robust singlet order excitation for spin systems ranging from the near-equivalence limit well into the intermediate regime. This closes an important gap left by existing pulse sequences. The efficiency of the gM2S sequence is demonstrated numerically and experimentally for near-equivalent and intermediate-regime cases.
Novel Drug Metabolism Indices for Pharmacogenetic Functional Status Based on Combinatory Genotyping of CYP2C9 , CYP2C19 and CYP2D6 Genes (2011)

We believe that this combinatory approach represents an improvement over the current gene-by-gene reporting by providing greater scope while still allowing for the resolution of a single-gene index when needed. This method will result in novel clinical and research applications, facilitating the translation from pharmacogenomics to personalized medicine, particularly in psychiatry where many drugs are metabolized or activated by multiple CYP450 isoenzymes.
Donor metabolic characteristics drive effects of faecal microbiota transplantation on recipient insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure and intestinal transit time (2019)

Objective Bariatric surgery improves glucose metabolism. Recent data suggest that faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) using faeces from postbariatric surgery diet-induced obese mice in germ-free mice improves glucose metabolism and intestinal homeostasis. We here investigated whether allogenic FMT using faeces from post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass donors (RYGB-D) compared with using faeces from metabolic syndrome donors (METS-D) has short-term effects on glucose metabolism, intestinal transit time and adipose tissue inflammation in treatment-naïve, obese, insulin-resistant male subjects. Design Subjects with metabolic syndrome (n=22) received allogenic FMT either from RYGB-D or METS-D. Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity as well as lipolysis were measured at baseline and 2 weeks after FMT by hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic stable isotope ( 2 H 2 -glucose and 2 H 5 -glycerol) clamp. Secondary outcome parameters were changes in resting energy expenditure, intestinal transit time, faecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and bile acids, and inflammatory markers in subcutaneous adipose tissue related to intestinal microbiota composition. Faecal SCFA, bile acids, glycaemic control and inflammatory parameters were also evaluated at 8 weeks. Results We observed a significant decrease in insulin sensitivity 2 weeks after allogenic METS-D FMT (median rate of glucose disappearance: from 40.6 to 34.0 µmol/kg/min; p&lt;0.01). Moreover, a trend (p=0.052) towards faster intestinal transit time following RYGB-D FMT was seen. Finally, we observed changes in faecal bile acids (increased lithocholic, deoxycholic and (iso)lithocholic acid after METS-D FMT), inflammatory markers (decreased adipose tissue chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) gene expression and plasma CCL2 after RYGB-D FMT) and changes in several intestinal microbiota taxa. Conclusion Allogenic FMT using METS-D decreases insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome recipients when compared with using post-RYGB-D. Further research is needed to delineate the role of donor characteristics in FMT efficacy in human insulin-resistant subjects. Trial registration number NTR4327.
Locked 90°-double plating of scapular spine fracture after reverse shoulder arthroplasty with union and good outcome despite plate adjacent acromion fracture (2020)

We report the case of a 74-year-old woman who sustained a scapular spine (SS) fracture after a fall 4 weeks after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with locked 90°-double plating resulted in union of the SS fracture with a good outcome (subjective shoulder value: 80%; Constant score 67; 1 year) despite of an adjacent lateral acromion fracture 3 weeks after ORIF. This is the second description in the literature of a successful double plate ORIF with union of an SS fracture after RSA. SS fractures are known to lead to poor RSA outcomes with a high mal-union rate and non-union rate. We describe the positioning of the plates and technical steps for successful ORIF to avoid complications, discuss the aftercare and report the outcome.
Molecular Evolution of Hypoallergenic Hybrid Proteins for Vaccination against Grass Pollen Allergy (2015)

More than 10% of the population in Europe and North America suffer from IgE-associated allergy to grass pollen. In this article, we describe the development of a vaccine for grass pollen allergen-specific immunotherapy based on two recombinant hypoallergenic mosaic molecules, designated P and Q, which were constructed out of elements derived from the four major timothy grass pollen allergens: Phl p 1, Phl p 2, Phl p 5, and Phl p 6. Seventeen recombinant mosaic molecules were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli using synthetic genes, characterized regarding biochemical properties, structural fold, and IgE reactivity. We found that depending on the arrangement of allergen fragments, mosaic molecules with strongly varying IgE reactivity were obtained. Based on an extensive screening with sera and basophils from allergic patients, two hypoallergenic mosaic molecules, P and Q, incorporating the primary sequence elements of the four grass pollen allergens were identified. As shown by lymphoproliferation experiments, they contained allergen-specific T cell epitopes required for tolerance induction, and upon immunization of animals induced higher allergen-specific IgG Abs than the wild-type allergens and a registered monophosphoryl lipid A-adjuvanted vaccine based on natural grass pollen allergen extract. Moreover, IgG Abs induced by immunization with P and Q inhibited the binding of patients' IgE to natural allergens from five grasses better than IgG induced with the wild-type allergens or an extract-based vaccine. Our results suggest that vaccines based on the hypoallergenic grass pollen mosaics can be used for immunotherapy of grass pollen allergy.
SO2 Capture Using Porous Organic Cages (2021)

We report the first experimental investigation of porous organic cages (POCs) for the demanding challenge of SO<sub>2</sub> capture. Three structurally related N-containing cage molecular materials were studied. An imine-functionalized POC (CC3) showed modest and reversible SO<sub>2</sub> capture, while a secondary-amine POC (RCC3) exhibited high but irreversible SO<sub>2</sub> capture. A tertiary amine POC (6FT-RCC3) demonstrated very high SO<sub>2</sub> capture (13.78 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> ; 16.4 SO<sub>2</sub> molecules per cage) combined with excellent reversibility for at least 50 adsorption-desorption cycles. The adsorption behavior was investigated by FTIR spectroscopy, <sup>13</sup> C CP-MAS NMR experiments, and computational calculations.
Signal space - an implementation of the harmonic balance approach for microwave nonlinear network analysis (1996)

Harmonic balance is today the most useful approach for nonlinear microwave network analysis. Usually FFT is used to convert the nonlinear elements time waveforms into the frequency domain as part of the harmonic balance process. This approach is straight forward for a single frequency. excitation, but is quite complicated and time consuming for the multi-frequency excitation case. Steer [1] proposed the Generalized Power Series, which enables for a given nonlinearity a direct calculation of the currents spectrum given the voltages spectrum. In this paper we propose a mathematical model termed Signal Space, which is similar to Steer's approach but better suited to implementation for harmonic balance. In [2] we extracted the signal space and made an approximation between the harmonic currents subspaces to enable a treatment of high nonlinearity of elements. Under describing function criteria we use the Signal Space approach to get expressions for oscillator parameters such as oscillation frequency, stability condition, injection locking bandwidth etc. Our results are compatible with Kurakawa's expressions.
Spectrum of Mutations of theAAASGene in Allgrove Syndrome: Lack of Mutations in Six Kindreds with Isolated Resistance to Corticotropin (2001)

Familial glucocorticoid deficiency due to corticotropin (ACTH) resistance consists of two distinct genetic syndromes that are both inherited as autosomal recessive traits: isolated ACTH resistance (iACTHR), which may be caused by inactivating mutations of the ACTH receptor (the MC2R gene) or mutations in an as yet unknown gene(s), and Allgrove syndrome (AS). The latter is also known as triple-A syndrome (MIM 231550). In three large cohorts of AS kindreds, the disease has been mapped to chromosome 12; most recently, mutations in the AAAS gene on 12q13 were found in these AS families. AAAS codes for the WD-repeat containing ALADIN (for alacrima-achalasia-adrenal insufficiency-neurologic disorder) protein. We investigated families with iACTHR (n = 4) and AS (n = 6) and a Bedouin family with ACTHR and a known defect of the TSH receptor. Four AS families were of mixed extraction from Puerto Rico (PR); most of the remaining six families were Caucasian families from North America (NA). Sequencing analysis found no MC2R genetic defects in any of the kindreds. No iACTHR kindreds, but all of AS families, had AAAS mutations. The previously reported IVS14+1G-->A splice donor mutation was found in all PR families, apparently due to a founder effect; one NA kindred was heterozygous for this mutation. In the latter family, long-range PCR failed to identify a deletion or other rearrangements of the AAAS gene. No other heterozygote or transmitting parent had any phenotype that could be considered part of AS. The IVS14+1G-->A mutation results in a premature termination of the predicted protein; although it was present in all PR families (in the homozygote state in three of them), there was substantial clinical variation between them. One PR family also carried a novel splice donor mutation of the AAAS gene in exon 11, IVS11+1G-->A; the proband was a compound heterozygote. A novel point mutation, 43C-->A(Gln15Lys), in exon 1 of the AAAS gene was identified in the homozygote state in a Canadian AS kindred with a milder AS phenotype. The predicted amino acid substitution in this family is located in a sequence that may participate in the preservation of stability of ALADIN beta-strands, whereas the splicing mutation in exon 11 may interfere with the formation of WD repeats in this molecule. We conclude that 1) AAAS does not appear to be frequently mutated in families with iACTHR; 2) AAAS is mutated in AS families from PR (that had previously been mapped to 12q13) and NA; and, 3) there is significant clinical variability between patients with the same AAAS defect.
Effect of V on the Tensile Strength of Sintered Cr-Mo Alloyed Steel Powder Compacts. (1996)

A prealloyed lCr-0.3Mo-0.3V(mass%) steel powder was developed to obtain the high strength sintered compacts. This new sintered 1Cr-0.3Mo-03V powder compact, which is Mn-less, made it possible to extend the range of the cooling rate after sintering to attain higher strength than that of sintered 1Cr-0.3Mo steel, and gave a tensile strength of more than 800 MPa and a rotating bending fatigue strength of 31OMPa at the cooling rates of 1 to 30°C/min. The wide range of cooling rates at which high strength can be obtained was attributed to a decrease in hardenability and the production of a fine pearlite structure by V addition. The improvement of the strength for the compacts added V is attributed to the precipitation hardening of V carbonitrides, as well as a narrow pearlite lamellar spacing.
The Conversion of L-Glutamate to L-Tyrosine (1981)

methoxy-3-trimethylsilyloxy-1,3-butadin a f f o r d s a spirodienone.
Extraordinary room-temperature photoluminescence in WS2 monolayers (2012)

Individual monolayers of metal dichalcogenides are atomically thin two-dimensional crystals with attractive physical properties different from their bulk layered counterpart. Here we describe the direct synthesis of WS2 monolayers with triangular morphologies and strong room-temperature photoluminescence (PL). Bulk WS2 does not present PL due to its indirect band gap nature. The edges of these monolayers exhibit PL signals with extraordinary intensity, around 25 times stronger than the platelets center. The structure and composition of the platelet edges appear to be critical for the PL enhancement effect. Electron diffraction revealed that platelets present zigzag edges, while first-principles calculations indicate that sulfur-rich zigzag WS2 edges possess metallic edge states, which might tailor the optical response reported here. These novel 2D nanoscale light sources could find diverse applications including the fabrication of flexible/transparent/low-energy optoelectronic devices.
Presentation of different technologies of X-band filters for frequency converters application (2012)

International audience
The Mechanobiology of Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Cardiovascular Disease (2021)

Endothelial cells (ECs) lining the cardiovascular system are subjected to a highly dynamic microenvironment resulting from pulsatile pressure and circulating blood flow. Endothelial cells are remarkably sensitive to these forces, which are transduced to activate signaling pathways to maintain endothelial homeostasis and respond to changes in the environment. Aberrations in these biomechanical stresses, however, can trigger changes in endothelial cell phenotype and function. One process involved in this cellular plasticity is endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT). As a result of EndMT, ECs lose cell-cell adhesion, alter their cytoskeletal organization, and gain increased migratory and invasive capabilities. EndMT has long been known to occur during cardiovascular development, but there is now a growing body of evidence also implicating it in many cardiovascular diseases (CVD), often associated with alterations in the cellular mechanical environment. In this review, we highlight the emerging role of shear stress, cyclic strain, matrix stiffness, and composition associated with EndMT in CVD. We first provide an overview of EndMT and context for how ECs sense, transduce, and respond to certain mechanical stimuli. We then describe the biomechanical features of EndMT and the role of mechanically driven EndMT in CVD. Finally, we indicate areas of open investigation to further elucidate the complexity of EndMT in the cardiovascular system. Understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of the mechanobiology of EndMT in CVD can provide insight into new opportunities for identification of novel diagnostic markers and therapeutic interventions.
Comparison of reagent translation and vibration on the dynamics of the endothermic reaction Sr+HF (1980)

The endothermic reaction Sr+HF(v=0)→SrF+H has been studied as a function of collision energy (4–14 kcal/mole) using a crossed beam geometry in which a seeded HF beam intersects a thermal Sr beam. At the same total energy this reaction is compared to the Sr+HF(v=1, J=1) reaction carried out under beam-gas conditions with a pulsed HF laser as the excitation source. In both cases the SrF products are detected by laser induced fluorescence. Using the Ba+HF→BaF+H reaction as an internal reference, the cross section of the Sr+HF(v=1) reaction is found to be 1–10 times greater than for the Sr+HF(v=0) reaction when the same total energy is supplied as reagent translation. Product internal energy distribution and total relative cross sections as a function of collision energy are also measured. Phase space calculations are able to reproduce most of these results. This agreement and other arguments suggest that the Sr+HF reaction often proceeds via multiple encounters which scramble the reagent energy modes during the course of a reactive collision.
Effect of reagent translation on the dynamics of the exothermic reaction Ba+HF (1980)

The Ba+HF (v=0)→BaF+H reaction has been studied as a function of relative collision energy (3–13 kcal/mole) using a crossed beam geometry in which a seeded HF beam intersects a thermal Ba beam. The vibrational and rotational distributions of the BaF product are determined from computer simulations of its excitation spectrum. The reaction cross section is found to have a low threshold (∼1 kcal/mole). With increasing collision energy the cross section increases to a maximum in the range of 6–8 kcal/mole. An upper bound of 15 Å2 is placed on the absolute value of the reaction cross section. The fraction f ′ of energy appearing in translation, rotation, or vibration of the products is roughly constant over the range of collision energies studied with nearly half going into product translation and the remainder being divided nearly equally between product rotation and vibration. However, while &amp;lt;f ′rot≳ increases slowly with collision energy, &amp;lt;f ′vib≳ first rises then falls and &amp;lt;f ′trans≳ first falls then rises, the crossover occuring at collision energies for which the reaction cross section reaches its maximum. The fractional energy disposal in the different product modes is qualitatively consistent with the calculations of phase space theory, but the detailed behavior cannot be matched. However, the product rotational distribution observed for each vibrational level agrees closely with the predictions of this model, which is a consequence of the kinematic constraint for this mass combination. The Ba+HF reaction as a function of collision energy shows both similarities and differences with the corresponding studies for Ba+HCl and Ba+HBr. Possible explanations for this contrasting behavior are presented.
Spatial detection of tv channel logos as outliers from the content (2006)

This paper proposes a purely image-based TV channel logo detection algorithm that can detect logos independently from their motion and transparency features. The proposed algorithm can robustly detect any type of logos, such as transparent and animated, without requiring any temporal constraints whereas known methods have to wait for the occurrence of large motion in the scene and assume stationary logos. The algorithm models logo pixels as outliers from the actual scene content that is represented by multiple 3-D histograms in the YC<sub>B</sub>C<sub>R</sub> space. We use four scene histograms corresponding to each of the four corners because the content characteristics change from one image corner to another. A further novelty of the proposed algorithm is that we define image corners and the areas where we compute the scene histograms by a cinematic technique called Golden Section Rule that is used by professionals. The robustness of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated over a dataset of representative TV content.
ChemInform Abstract: VAPOR PHASE EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF MAGNESIUM OXIDE.ALUMINUM OXIDE (1983)

Abstract Für intergrierte Schaltungen (IC′s) wurde ein Si/Spinell/Si‐Material (Doppel‐Heterostruktur) entwickelt.
System architecture for bandwidth-scalable OFDM long-haul transmission (2011)

We propose a network architecture supporting variable-bandwidth OFDM channels to enable increased traffic aggregation and maximize spectral efficiency. A new ROADM design enables efficient (de)multiplexing of variable-bandwidth channels.
UCSD Biomass to Power Economic Feasibility Study (2009)

This report examines the economic and technical feasibility of using separated biomass feedstock from the Miramar Landfill, located in San Diego County, to generate 3 MW of power. The process will utilize gasification technology provided by West Biofuels, LLC. The objective of the study is to determine the economics of the proposed biomass power system in terms of the potential revenue streams and operational costs. The goal of this study is to determine whether this project has a positive net present value (NPV) based on the site specific parameters associated with the Miramar Landfill.