gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quercetin as a possible complementary agent for early-stage COVID-19: Concluding results of a randomized clinical trial (2023)

<b>Background:</b> Quercetin, a natural polyphenol with demonstrated broad-spectrum antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, has been proposed as an adjuvant for early-stage coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. <b>Objective:</b> To explore the possible therapeutic effect of quercetin in outpatients with early-stage mild to moderate symptoms of COVID-19. <b>Methods:</b> This was an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial conducted at the department of medicine, King Edward Medical University, Lahore, PK. Patients were randomized to receive either standard of care (SC) plus an oral quercetin supplement (500 mg Quercetin Phytosome®, 1st week, TDS: 2nd week, BDS) (<i>n</i> = 50, quercetin group) or SC alone (<i>n</i> = 50, control group). <b>Results:</b> After one week of treatment, patients in the quercetin group showed a speedy recovery from COVID-19 as compared to the control group, i.e., 34 patients (vs. 12 in the control group) tested negative for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (<i>p</i> = 0.0004), and 26 patients (vs. 12 in the control group) had their COVID-19-associated acute symptoms resolved (<i>p</i> = 0.0051). Patients in the quercetin group also showed a significant fall in the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) mean values i.e., from 406.56 ± 183.92 to 257.74 ± 110.73 U/L, <i>p</i> = 0.0001. Quercetin was well-tolerated by all the 50 patients, and no side effects were reported. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our results, suggest the possible therapeutic role of quercetin in early-stage COVID-19, including speedy clearance of SARS-CoV-2, early resolution of the acute symptoms and modulation of the host's hyperinflammatory response. <b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT04861298.
Latency-Aware IoT Service Provisioning in UAV-Aided Mobile-Edge Computing Networks (2020)

Advances in wireless communications are empowering the emerging Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications and services with billions of connected devices. Mobile-edge computing (MEC) has been proposed to reduce the round-trip delay of these applications as IoT devices may have limited computing resources and the resource-rich mobile cloud may be far away. On the other aspect, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) may potentially be employed to improve the quality of service and the channel conditions of users. We thus propose to utilize the UAV as a computing node as well as a relay node to improve the average user latency in the UAV-aided MEC (UAV-MEC) network and formulate the UAV-MEC problem with the objective to minimize the average latency of all UEs. As the UAV-MEC problem is NP-hard, we decompose it into three subproblems. We propose an approximation algorithm with low complexity to solve the first subproblem and then we obtain the optimal solutions of the remaining two subproblems, upon which another proposed approximation algorithm employs these solutions to finally solve the UAV-MEC problem. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is superior to three baseline algorithms.
A compact 100-GbE quadplex receiver (2009)

We developed a compact quadplex receiver for 100-Gbps Ethernet. High responsivity (0.74 A/W) is achieved for all channels using microlens-integrated photodiodes. The fabricated module was successfully operated at 25 Gbit/s with error free 10-km SMF transmission.
Searching for software learning resources using application context (2011)

Users of complex software applications frequently need to consult documentation, tutorials, and support resources to learn how to use the software and further their understand-ing of its capabilities. Existing online help systems provide limited context awareness through "what's this?" and simi-lar techniques. We examine the possibility of making more use of the user's current context in a particular application to provide useful help resources. We provide an analysis and taxonomy of various aspects of application context and how they may be used in retrieving software help artifacts with web browsers, present the design of a context-aware augmented web search system, and describe a prototype implementation and initial user study of this system. We conclude with a discussion of open issues and an agenda for further research.
Security Issues in Hybrid Satellite Networks (2004)

Satellites are expected to play an increasingly important role in providing broadband Internet services over long distances in an efficient manner. Future networks will be hybrid in nature - having terrestrial nodes interconnected by satellite links. Security is an important concern in such networks, since the satellite segment is susceptible to a host of attacks including eavesdropping, session hijacking and data corruption. In this paper we address the issue of securing communication in satellite networks. We describe the different kinds of hybrid network topologies considered for deployment. We discuss various security attacks that are possible in these networks, and survey the different solutions proposed to secure communications in the hybrid networks. We point out important drawbacks in the various proposed solutions, and suggest a hierarchical approach to add security to the hybrid networks.
Time-domain Optical Response Function Reconstruction of an Individual Plasmonic Nanostructure (2010)

The precise characterization of the ultrafast electronic response in a metallic nanostructure is achieved using a combination of spectrogram measurement of collinear interferometric second-harmonic scattering and treatment of Frequency Resolved Optical Gating (FROG). The plasmon dephasing dynamics have been resolved with multiple time-scales.
Attenuation of Human Enterovirus 71 High-Replication-Fidelity Variants in AG129 Mice (2014)

The error-prone nature of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of RNA viruses during replication results in quasispecies and aids survival of virus populations under a wide range of selective pressures. Virus variants with higher replication fidelity exhibit lower genetic diversity and attenuated pathogenicity in vivo. Here, we identified a novel high-fidelity mutation L123F in the RdRp of human enterovirus 71 (EV71). We further elucidated that EV71 variants with the RdRp-L123F mutation and/or the previously identified high-fidelity mutation RdRp-G64R were attenuated in an AG129 mouse model. As EV71 has emerged as a serious worldwide health threat, especially in developing countries in the Asia-Pacific region, we urgently need EV71 vaccines. Learning from the poliovirus vaccination, we prefer live attenuated EV71 vaccines to inactivated EV71 vaccines in order to effectively control EV71 outbreaks at low cost. Our results imply a new means of attenuating EV71 and reducing its mutation rate at the same time.
Adaptive Response Enzyme AlkB Preferentially Repairs 1-Methylguanine and 3-Methylthymine Adducts in Double-Stranded DNA (2016)

The AlkB protein is a repair enzyme that uses an α-ketoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent mechanism to repair alkyl DNA adducts. AlkB has been reported to repair highly susceptible substrates, such as 1-methyladenine and 3-methylcytosine, more efficiently in ss-DNA than in ds-DNA. Here, we tested the repair of weaker AlkB substrates 1-methylguanine and 3-methylthymine and found that AlkB prefers to repair them in ds-DNA. We also discovered that AlkB and its human homologues, ABH2 and ABH3, are able to repair the aforementioned adducts when the adduct is present in a mismatched base pair. These observations demonstrate the strong adaptability of AlkB toward repairing various adducts in different environments.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐(2‐Carboxyindol‐3‐yl)propionic Acid Derivatives: Antagonists of the Strychnine‐Insensitive Glycine Receptor Associated with the N‐Methyl‐D‐aspartate Receptor Complex. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SNR and Noise Variance Estimation for MIMO Systems (2012)

Accurate signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and noise variance estimation are extremely important aspects of receiver design in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Typically, these parameters are estimated using known pilot/training symbols. However, significant improvements may be made by using both the known pilot symbols as well as the unknown data symbols. In this paper, we address SNR and noise variance estimation of MIMO systems for both a data aided (DA) model, a non-data aided (NDA) model, as well as a mixed model that uses known and unknown data symbols. The Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and modified Cramér-Rao lower bound (MCRLB) for MIMO SNR and MIMO noise variance estimation are determined for digital constellations such as BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM. Maximum-likelihood estimators are derived in closed form for the DA model. For the NDA model, closed form approximations are derived in addition to iterative expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm based estimators, all of which are demonstrated to perform very close to the CRLB.
Intelligent Misbehavior Detection System for Detecting False Position Attacks in Vehicular Networks (2021)

Position falsification attacks are one of the most dangerous internal attacks in vehicular networks. Several Machine Learning-based Misbehavior Detection Systems (ML-based MDSs) have recently been proposed to detect these attacks and mitigate their impact. However, existing ML-based MDSs require numerous features, which increases the computational time needed to detect attacks. In this context, this paper introduces a novel ML-based MDS for the early detection of position falsification attacks. Based only on received positions, our system provides real-time and accurate predictions. Our system is intensively trained and tested using a publicly available data set, while its validation is done by simulation. Six conventional classification algorithms are applied to estimate and construct the best model based on supervised learning. The results show that the proposed system can detect position falsification attacks with almost 100% accuracy.
1‐Thia‐4,7‐diaza‐spiro[4.4]nonane‐3,6‐dione: A Structural Motif for 5‐hydroxytryptamine 6 Receptor Antagonism (2013)

A series of potent 5-hydroxytryptamine 6 (5-HT₆) receptor antagonists based on 1-thia-4,7-diaza-spiro[4.4]nonane-3,6-dione motif has been disclosed. Enantiomers of potent racemate compound 8a (K(i) = 26 nM) displayed difference in activity (K(i) of 15 nM versus 855 nM) signaling the influence of the stereochemistry of the chiral center on potency. In addition, the potent enantiomer displayed significant selectivity in biological activities over several related family members.
CEUR Workshop Proceedings: Preface (2016)

Preface of the Proceedings of the 16th International Workshop on OCL and Textual Modelling (OCL 2016) held in Saint-Malo, France, October 2, 2016.
EC-GMR Data Analysis for Inspection of Multilayer Airframe Structures (2011)

Eddy-current testing (ECT) is widely used in inspection of multilayer aircraft skin structures for the detection of cracks under fasteners (CUF). Detection of deep hidden CUF poses a major challenge in traditional ECT techniques largely because the weak eddy-current signal due to a subsurface crack is dominated by the strong signal from the aluminum or steel fastener. Giant magnetoresistive (GMR) sensors are finding increasing applications in directly measuring weak magnetic fields associated with induced eddy currents. The measured flux image at a fastener site is in general symmetric and an asymmetry is introduced by the presence of a subsurface crack, which is used for defect detection. This paper presents novel methods that employ the resident phase information, for improving detection probability of GMR signal analysis. Using computational model, the effectiveness of the proposed methods for enhancing detection of CUF is investigated. Results demonstrating the potential of these techniques for detection of second layer CUF are presented.
Application of a moderate electric field for the potential acceleration of the salting process of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) (2018)

Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate the acceleration of brine‐salting process of salmon when coupling it with moderate electric field (MEF). Salmon samples were cut into cylinder shape (0.025 ± 0.001 m diameter and 0.025 ± 0.001 m height), and then brined at two salt concentrations (6 or 24%) until equilibrium is reached. Processing time, salt concentration throughout time, moisture content, color, and hardness of salmon samples were determined. The results showed that the effective diffusion coefficients ( D e ) of salt within salmon tissue, were in the range 3.28 × 10 −10 to 4.22 × 10 −10 m 2 /s for both standard process and coupled with MEF, without significant differences ( p &gt; .05). Even though D e had no significant differences for both processes, processing time for MEF treatments were significantly shorter, due to differences in the equilibrium salt concentration. Also, MEF did not affect quality parameters when compared with standard process. In addition, MEF treatments showed an increased salt concentration in the final product. Practical applications One of the most attractive technologies to add value to Atlantic salmon is the cold smoking process. For this purpose, salting is considered as the main step during cold smoking of Atlantic salmon to extend its shelf‐life. However, salmon salting using a brining solution take many hours until reaching an adequate salt concentration (between 2.0 and 3.9% or 3.5 and 6% in the water phase). The moderate electric field (MEF) technology will allow to reduce the salting processing time up to 80% using a very low electric field (around 2 V/cm) and without affecting the final quality of the product, compared with the traditional method. This technology shows potential for a successful implementation in the seafood industry without requiring a high investment cost.
Urinary exosomal Wilms' tumor-1 as a potential biomarker for podocyte injury (2013)

Renal Wilms' tumor-1 (WT-1) staining is used to detect podocyte loss in kidney biopsies. We aimed to determine if urinary exosomal WT-1 could serve as a noninvasive biomarker of podocyte injury. We examined WT-1 by Western blot in a human podocyte-like cell line, a mouse model of podocyte injury, and human subjects with podocyte disorders. WT-1 was detected in exosomal fraction of the conditioned media from podocytes and increased 48 h after hTGF-β1 stimulation. Cellular WT-1 decreased in podocytes following hTGF-β1 incubation. In mice with induced podocyte injury, urinary exosomal WT-1 was detected 1 wk earlier than albuminuria and also tracked the effects of angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatment. In addition, urinary exosomal WT-1 levels at 1 wk post-injury correlated with the severity of glomerular injury at 3 wk later. In human subjects, urinary exosomal WT-1 was significantly increased in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) patients compared with healthy volunteers or steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) patients. Urinary exosomal WT-1 was also significantly decreased in patients in remission for either FSGS or SSNS or following steroid treatment in six SSNS subjects. We conclude that urinary exosomal WT-1 is a promising noninvasive biomarker with apparent podocyte specificity that can detect early progression and treatment-induced regression of podocyte injury in FSGS or SSNS. These results warrant longitudinal, prospective studies in a large cohort with a range of podocyte diseases.
Characterization of Signal Transduction Pathways in Human Bone Marrow Endothelial Cells (1997)

Human bone marrow endothelial cells immortalized with the T antigen of SV40 (TrHBMEC) have previously been characterized by us with regard to their properties that are similar to primary marrow endothelial cells and their utility as a model system. We now report that TrHBMEC express a recently discovered signal transduction molecule termed RAFTK (related adhesion focal tyrosine kinase), also called Pyk2 or CAK-β. RAFTK, the second member of the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) family, is known to be activated in response to calcium flux in neuronal cells and integrin stimulation in megakaryocytes and B cells. We have studied the effects of cytokines on RAFTK activation in TrHBMEC. Treatment of TrHBMEC with the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF ), as well as the VEGF-related protein (VRP), the recently identified ligand for the FLT-4 receptor, resulted in enhanced tyrosine phosphorylation of RAFTK. Similar changes in RAFTK phosphorylation were observed upon stimulation of TrHBMEC with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF ) or oncostatin M (OSM). Stimulation of these cells with growth factors also resulted in an increase in RAFTK activity and the c-Jun NH2 -terminal kinase (JNK). RAFTK coimmunoprecipitated with the cytoskeletal protein paxillin through its C-terminal proline-rich domain in TrHBMEC. These results suggest that, in marrow endothelium, activation of RAFTK by VEGF, VRP, OSM, and bFGF represents a new element in the signal transduction pathways used by these growth factors and likely acts to coordinate signaling from their surface receptors to the cytoskeleton, thereby modulating cell growth and function.
A Polysaccharide Virulence Factor from Aspergillus fumigatus Elicits Anti-inflammatory Effects through Induction of Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist (2014)

The galactosaminogalactan (GAG) is a cell wall component of Aspergillus fumigatus that has potent anti-inflammatory effects in mice. However, the mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory property of GAG remain to be elucidated. In the present study we used in vitro PBMC stimulation assays to demonstrate, that GAG inhibits proinflammatory T-helper (Th)1 and Th17 cytokine production in human PBMCs by inducing Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra), a potent anti-inflammatory cytokine that blocks IL-1 signalling. GAG cannot suppress human T-helper cytokine production in the presence of neutralizing antibodies against IL-1Ra. In a mouse model of invasive aspergillosis, GAG induces IL-1Ra in vivo, and the increased susceptibility to invasive aspergillosis in the presence of GAG in wild type mice is not observed in mice deficient for IL-1Ra. Additionally, we demonstrate that the capacity of GAG to induce IL-1Ra could also be used for treatment of inflammatory diseases, as GAG was able to reduce severity of an experimental model of allergic aspergillosis, and in a murine DSS-induced colitis model. In the setting of invasive aspergillosis, GAG has a significant immunomodulatory function by inducing IL-1Ra and notably IL-1Ra knockout mice are completely protected to invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. This opens new treatment strategies that target IL-1Ra in the setting of acute invasive fungal infection. However, the observation that GAG can also protect mice from allergy and colitis makes GAG or a derivative structure of GAG a potential treatment compound for IL-1 driven inflammatory diseases.
Cold emission from the single-crystalline microparticle of diamond on a Si tip (1996)

Single crystalline diamond particles were grown on the ends of sharp silicon tips. The typical form of the particles was cubooctahedron with a (111) plane on the top. Field emission experiments of Si emitters with single crystalline diamond coating demonstrated hysteresis and normal emission modes. In the hysteresis mode, emission saturated at about 2 μA. Fowler–Nordheim plots for data points below the saturation limit were nonlinear. Transformation from hysteresis to normal behavior occurred with increasing voltage. A modified model of emission through dielectric layers was proposed for explanation of emission properties of diamond.
Oxidation suppression of Cu in alkaline aluminophosphate glass and the effects for radiation-induced luminescence characteristics (2020)

A glass phosphor is an attractive material for applications in radiation detections because of its high workability and availability with a wide range of chemical compositions. Recently, X-ray-induced luminescence of glasses containing various luminescent activators are actively investigated worldwide. In applications as phosphor, tailoring valence state of activators, which can take multiple valence states in glass, is very important. In this research, we studied effects of glass melting atmosphere on the valence state of copper-activator ion in alkaline aluminophosphate glasses and the radiation-induced luminescence characteristics. Optical absorption and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectra of Cu-doped glasses showed that the glass fused in Ar atmosphere contains higher concentration of Cu<sup>+</sup> than those prepared in air. In addition, the presence of Cu<sup>+</sup> enhances the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield and PL kinetic constant. Furthermore, the increase of Cu<sup>+</sup> concentration resulted an improvement of the X-ray-induced scintillation and thermally-stimulated luminescence intensity.
Novel common-mode current detector using metamaterial CRLH transmission-line structure (2012)

A novel planar common-mode current(Ic) and differential-mode current(Id) detector is designed to provide a quick check of Ic and Id from the differential-mode signalling, size-reduction effect and possibility of lower manufacturing cost. This is made possible by implementing a branch-line balun which has metamaterial Composite Right- and Left-Handed(CRLH) 1-layer microstrip- structure phase shifter as small as approximately λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> /14. The proposed balun clearly differs from others who meander the delay line or make slits on the metal ground. When the proposed balun is connected to the output ports of the differential-mode signal lines through its inputs Port U and Port L, Id and Ic are obtained at Port Δ and Port Σ of this compact balun, respectively. The design method is validated by the circuit and full-wave simulations(SEMCAD X) with the dispersion diagram showing metamaterial properties of the structure. Also, the even and odd modes in differential-mode signalling are treated as examples of the Ic and Id Detector. The size-reduction effect is addressed also.
On the Stability of Transform-Based Circular Deconvolution (1992)

The solution of a set of linear equations involving a circulant matrix is easily accomplished with an algorithm based on fast Fourier transforms. The numerical stability of this algorithm is studied. It is shown that the algorithm is weakly stable; i.e., if the circulant matrix is well conditioned, then the computed solution is close to the exact solution. On the other hand, it is shown that the algorithm is not strongly stable—the computed solution is not necessarily the solution of a nearby circular deconvolution problem.