gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell type analysis of functional fetal dopamine cell suspension transplants in the striatum and substantia nigra of patients with Parkinson's disease (2005)

We report the first post-mortem analysis of two patients with Parkinson's disease who received fetal midbrain transplants as a cell suspension in the striatum, and in one case also in the substantia nigra. These patients had a favourable clinical evolution and positive 18F-fluorodopa PET scans and did not develop motor complications. The surviving transplanted dopamine neurons were positively identified with phenotypic markers of normal control human substantia nigra (n = 3), such as tyrosine hydroxylase, G-protein-coupled inward rectifying current potassium channel type 2 (Girk2) and calbindin. The grafts restored the cell type that provides specific dopaminergic innervation to the most affected striatal regions in the parkinsonian brain. Such transplants were able to densely reinnervate the host putamen with new dopamine fibres. The patients received only 6 months of standard immune suppression, yet by post-mortem analysis 3-4 years after surgery the transplants appeared only mildly immunogenic to the host brain, by analysis of microglial CD45 and CD68 markers. This study demonstrates that, using these methods, dopamine neuronal replacement cell therapy can be beneficial for patients with advanced disease, and that changing technical approaches could have a favourable impact on efficacy and adverse events following neural transplantation.
Transmission Lines to Enhance the Reading of UHF RFID Tags on Small Metallic Objects (2019)

This paper presents an antenna-like passive structure that allows to read miniaturized UHF RFID tags attached to small metallic objects. The solution is realized by combing far-field Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) with a Conductor-Baked Coplanar Waveguide (CBCPW) transmission line. Low cost proof-of-concept prototypes were realized on a FR4 substrate. Measurements are in good agreement with simulations. A maximum read range of 2.20 m can be achieved for the far-field operation.
Development of a new product for unrestrained heart rate measurement in swimming: a user centered design approach (2010)

This paper reports the development of a new product for unrestrained heart rate measurement to provide feedback and target training efforts in professional swimming. While training is considered to be the key to becoming a top athlete, little is known about how to determine the right training course for individual athletes (Maase, 2009, ). In order to optimize the training load of an individual athlete, coaches need to monitor physiological indicators that are linked to performance. Interviews with the Dutch Olympic swimming team have shown that coaches feel the need for ways “to be able to look inside the athlete’s body” (Wouda, 2009) and get insight in their capacities without restraining them. In swimming coaches use VO2 levels, heart rate, lap times and lactate to adapt the training load. However measuring VO2 levels and lactate is too invasive and expensive for regular use. This makes heart rate a suitable measure. For land sport, there are several devices on the market that measure heart rate at appropriate costs, however these are not suitable for professional swimmers. Interviews with coaches of the Dutch Olympic team have shown that anything that increases the resistance of the body will not be acceptable for swimmers. Existing products were deemed inappropriate because they restrict the athlete’s movement, tend to shift in the water during jumps or turns or are not accurate. Therefore current heart rate monitors are not used on top level and coaches rely only on lap times as direct feedback of the training load during regular trainings. This might lead to under training or over reaching. A new product designed to measure a swimmers heart rate without using inconvenient sensors is being developed within Philips Research. Heart rate is measured through analysis of visual signs in between laps and direct feedback is given to the swimmer and coach during the training. The measurement data is not only shown during training, but is also stored for later analysis. This paper will report that development from a user-centred design perspective. The design focuses on the special needs of top athletes represented by the national swimming training centre in Eindhoven, The Netherlands. The use of this new product will enable unobtrusive measurement with direct feedback to optimise the individual training load and push athletes to the limit.
Lipid-containing mimetics of natural triggers of innate immunity as CTL-inducing influenza vaccines (2006)

Anti-viral CD8(+) T cell responses can be induced using synthetic lipopeptides and a range of different lipid moieties have been examined in a variety of model systems and in man for this purpose. Nevertheless, only limited data exist on comparative efficacy of different lipopeptides in a single model of protection so that the optimal composition for vaccination purposes remains unknown. In this study, we examined different lipid structures from bacterial or non-bacterial sources coupled to peptides representing influenza viral epitopes recognized by CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells. These were assessed in the context of intra-nasal (i.n.) immunization in the absence of added adjuvant. The strongest immunogens were those containing bacterially derived lipids that induced dendritic cell (DC) maturation via Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) binding. The number of DCs induced to mature in vitro was directly associated with the strength of the CD8(+) T cell-mediated viral clearing responses in primed mice. Mice immunized with the TLR2-binding lipopeptides showed greatly enhanced numbers of specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) T cells at the site of infection after i.n. exposure to virus, which resulted in enhanced protection of the pneumonic lung. Importantly, lipopeptide-pulsed DCs were able to induce the appropriate T cells, indicating that the self-adjuvanting effects could occur in the absence of free lipopeptide interacting with additional TLR2-bearing cells in vivo. This study defines a hierarchy of lipopeptide constructs that can program DC to prime memory CD8(+) T cells that on recall function to clear influenza virus from the infected lung.
Transmission Electron Microscope Analysis of Microstructures in GaN Grown on (111)A and (111)B of GaAs by Metalorganic Hydrogen Chloride Vapor-Phase Epitaxy (2001)

Cross-sectional transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation has been performed for GaN grown simultaneously on (111)A and (111)B of a GaAs substrate by metalorganic hydrogen chloride vapor-phase epitaxy. A low-temperature (LT) buffer layer of GaN about 85 nm thick was deposited at 550°C, and then a thick layer of GaN (HT-GaN) was grown at 920°C. On GaAs(111)A, the LT-buffer layer has a fine columnar structure and its stacking order is of 2H (wurtzite) or a mixture of 2H and 3C (zincblende). On the LT-layer, the HT-GaN was grown in the wurtzite structure with Ga-polarity. In the HT-GaN, a columnar structure is formed on the interface of GaN/LT-GaN, and a good quality GaN is grown in the upper region. These characteristics in microstructure are very similar to those in GaN grown on α-Al 2 O 3 by the conventional two-step growth method. On GaAs(111)B, the LT-buffer layer has a disordered stacking sequence. A block structure is formed on the interface of GaN/LT-GaN, and the HT-GaN has a fairly good quality. The HT-GaN has Ga-polarity in spite of the fact that the substrate has As-polarity.
History and Development of Nucleotide Analogues in Nucleic Acids Drugs (2019)

The nucleic acid-based drug discovery approach is now being recognized as a major platform in addition to small molecules and peptide- or protein-based platforms. Advancement in nucleic acid based drugs has been aided by the chemistry of oligonucleotides and nucleic acids in providing drug-like properties. Early experience was gained with respect to the use of the chemistry of oligonucleotides for use as antisense agents. These chemical structure–activity relationship studies included modification of the backbone, heterocyclic bases and sugars, or combinations thereof. In this chapter we discuss early developments in the chemistry of nucleic acids that have guided the design and successful development of antisense drugs as well as nucleic acid-based platforms employing many other mechanisms, including aptamers, siRNA, exon skipping, ribozyme, microRNA and non-coding RNA and immune modulation.
Vortical ciliary flows actively enhance mass transport in reef corals (2014)

The exchange of nutrients and dissolved gasses between corals and their environment is a critical determinant of the growth of coral colonies and the productivity of coral reefs. To date, this exchange has been assumed to be limited by molecular diffusion through an unstirred boundary layer extending 1-2 mm from the coral surface, with corals relying solely on external flow to overcome this limitation. Here, we present direct microscopic evidence that, instead, corals can actively enhance mass transport through strong vortical flows driven by motile epidermal cilia covering their entire surface. Ciliary beating produces quasi-steady arrays of counterrotating vortices that vigorously stir a layer of water extending up to 2 mm from the coral surface. We show that, under low ambient flow velocities, these vortices, rather than molecular diffusion, control the exchange of nutrients and oxygen between the coral and its environment, enhancing mass transfer rates by up to 400%. This ability of corals to stir their boundary layer changes the way that we perceive the microenvironment of coral surfaces, revealing an active mechanism complementing the passive enhancement of transport by ambient flow. These findings extend our understanding of mass transport processes in reef corals and may shed new light on the evolutionary success of corals and coral reefs.
Optimization of TEAD P-Site Binding Fragment Hit into In Vivo Active Lead MSC-4106 (2022)

The dysregulated Hippo pathway and, consequently, hyperactivity of the transcriptional YAP/TAZ-TEAD complexes is associated with diseases such as cancer. Prevention of YAP/TAZ-TEAD triggered gene transcription is an attractive strategy for therapeutic intervention. The deeply buried and conserved lipidation pocket (P-site) of the TEAD transcription factors is druggable. The discovery and optimization of a P-site binding fragment (<b>1</b>) are described. Utilizing structure-based design, enhancement in target potency was engineered into the hit, capitalizing on the established X-ray structure of TEAD1. The efforts culminated in the optimized in vivo tool <b>MSC-4106</b>, which exhibited desirable potency, mouse pharmacokinetic properties, and in vivo efficacy. In close correlation to compound exposure, the time- and dose-dependent downregulation of a proximal biomarker could be shown.
Growth properties of sulfide trees in cables under dc stress (1997)

Investigations on the growth properties of sulfide tree in cable insulation, subjected to dc electric fields, are described in this paper. Measurements of electric strength and conductivity are correlated to tree growth, observed by optical and electron microscopy, during accelerated aging tests performed in sea water with hydrogen sulfide. It is shown that both electric strength and dc conductivity are very sensitive to the length and concentration of sulfide trees, and that the magnitude of the electric field affects tree shape and growth rate significantly.
Front Cover: Towards Imaging Pt Chemoresistance Using Gd(III)‐Pt(II) Theranostic MR Contrast Agents (ChemMedChem 24/2021) (2021)

The Front Cover illustrates the use of a Gd(III)-Pt(II) theranostic MRI contrast agent for imaging Pt drug accumulation differences in tumors. Decreased drug accumulation is a hallmark of chemoresistance and is therefore used here as a proxy for Pt resistance. Coupling a Gd(III) contrast agent to a Pt(II) therapeutic enables visualization of drug accumulation by MRI. This, in turn, has the potential to provide crucial information about the chemoresistant state of a tumor. Cover design by Tom Goulet. More information can be found in the Full Paper by Casey J. Adams and Thomas J. Meade.
TAILORED PERFORMANCE AND DURABILITY OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS STRENGTHENED WITH FRP PLATES (1998)

The introduction of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) to the bridge engineering community over the last 20 years has given state and local transportation agencies another tool for repair of deficient bridges. FRP can be externally applied to concrete bridge members with adhesives with relative ease (as compared to steel plates) to increase a member's resistance to flexure or shear. Some disadvantages of using FRP for strengthening are the relative expense of FRP materials (which can be offset by reduced construction costs due to the light weight of FRP), lower modulus of elasticity of FRP as compared to steel, and linear behavior of FRP materials to rupture (which can lead to a brittle failure mode). The testing of reinforced concrete beams repaired with FRP in flexure (five under a static load and one under a fatigue load) will be reported in this paper. The beam dimensions are 8.5 inches by 11.25 inches in cross section and 11 feet long. The lay up of the FRP used for repair is tailored to maximize flexural and fatigue performance. The relative performance of beams repaired with each is the focus of this paper. The unrepaired beams have an appropriate amount of steel reinforcement to ensure yielding of the reinforcement before failure and have stirrups for preventing a shear failure. Characteristics of behavior that are used to evaluate relative performance are ductility, strength enhancement, and stiffness.
Breaking the Symmetry of Momentum Conservation Using Evanescent Acoustic Fields (2018)

Although the conservation of momentum is a fundamental law in physics, its constraints are not fulfilled for wave propagation at material boundaries, where incident waves give rise to evanescent field distributions. While nonlinear susceptibility tensor terms can provide solutions in the optical regime, this framework cannot be applied directly to acoustic waves. Now, by considering a complete representation of wave interactions and scattering at boundaries, we are able to show a generic formalism of sum-frequency mixing for the whole scattering field including all evanescent waves. This general case was studied analytically and verified both numerically and experimentally for ultrasonic waves, showing that considering evanescent waves leads to an anomalous nonlinear interaction which enhances sum-frequency generation. This new interpretation not only provides a deeper understanding of the momentum conservation laws in acoustics but also promises translation of this new understanding into optics and photonics, to enhance nonlinear interactions.
Patient educational level and management of bipolar disorder (2021)

Pharmacological and psychological treatment of bipolar disorder differ depending on patients' educational attainment. The reasons for these disparities remain to be explained.
Inhibitors of kinesin motor proteins--research and clinical progress. (2005)

Molecules targeting mitosis, and specifically compounds targeting microtubule stability, are important in the treatment of cancer. Unfortunately, the mechanism of action of these agents can cause undesirable toxicities to healthy cells, inducing neurotoxicity and neutropenia in patients. In addition, many of these agents are subject to acquired resistance, usually through increased expression of membrane P-glycoprotein pumps. Due to the clinically proven utility of antimitotic therapeutics, the discovery of new agents with different mechanisms of action which may allow for the development of less toxic oncolytic treatments is highly desirable. This review describes key advances made over the last year toward the design and development of inhibitors of kinesin motor proteins, with particular emphasis placed on non-ATP-competitive, small-molecule inhibitors of kinesin spindle protein (Eg5).
Analytical Expressions for the Readback Signal of Timing-Based Servo Schemes (2012)

Timing-based servo (TBS) is a powerful technology widely used in state-of-the-art tape systems for track following. To optimize TBS systems for future operating points with aggressive track-density scaling, an accurate model is needed to characterize how the servo read head geometry, servo format parameters, and magnetic media properties affect the readback signal. In this paper, we derive new analytical closed-form expressions for the readback signal of shielded magneto-resistive (MR) heads scanning over the magnetic transitions of TBS patterns. The expressions, derived via the reciprocity principle, are applicable to arctan-shaped transitions between arbitrarily magnetized areas of a thin-film magnetic medium and are given in the displacement and wavevector domain. We apply these new expressions to analyze isolated transitions as well as multi-transition TBS patterns on longitudinal, non-oriented or perpendicular media. Comparison between experimentally captured servo readback signals and the analytical expressions show an excellent match. By adding electronics and transition jitter noise, the readback signal expressions can be extended to a servo channel model suitable for TBS performance prediction by means of Monte Carlo simulations and/or bounds on the variance of the position-error signal.
On string classification in data streams (2007)

String data has recently become important because of its use in a number of applications such as computational and molecular biology, protein analysis, and market basket data. In many cases, these strings contain a wide variety of substructures which may have physical significance for that application. For example, such substructures could represent important fragments of a DNA string or an interesting portion of a fraudulent transaction. In such a case, it is desirable to determine the identity, location, and extent of that substructure in the data. This is a much more difficult generalization of the classification problem, since the latter problem labels entire strings rather than deal with the more complex task of determining string fragments with a particular kind of behavior. The problem becomes even more complicated when different kinds of substrings show complicated nesting patterns. Therefore, we define a somewhat different problem which we refer to as the generalized classification problem. We propose a scalable approach based on hidden markov models for this problem. We show how to implement the generalized string classification procedure for very large data bases and data streams. We present experimental results over a number of large data sets and data streams.
Machine Learning for Prediction of Patients on Hemodialysis with an Undetected SARS-CoV-2 Infection (2021)

The developed ML model appears suitable for predicting patients on HD at risk of having COVID-19 at least 3 days before there would be a clinical suspicion of the disease.
Microbial Anti-Inflammatory Molecule (MAM) from Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Shows a Protective Effect on DNBS and DSS-Induced Colitis Model in Mice through Inhibition of NF-κB Pathway (2017)

<i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> and its supernatant showed protective effects in different chemically-induced colitis models in mice. Recently, we described 7 peptides found in the <i>F. prausnitzii</i> supernatant, all belonging to a protein called Microbial Anti-inflammatory Molecule (MAM). These peptides were able to inhibit NF-κB pathway <i>in vitro</i> and showed anti-inflammatory properties <i>in vivo</i> in a DiNitroBenzene Sulfate (DNBS)-induced colitis model. In this current proof we tested MAM effect on NF-κB pathway <i>in vivo</i>, using a transgenic model of mice producing luciferase under the control of NF-κB promoter. Moreover, we tested this protein on Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. To study the effect of MAM we orally administered to the mice a <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> strain carrying a plasmid containing the cDNA of MAM under the control of a eukaryotic promoter. <i>L. lactis</i> delivered plasmids in epithelial cells of the intestinal membrane allowing thus the production of MAM directly by host. We showed that MAM administration inhibits NF-κB pathway <i>in vivo</i>. We confirmed the anti-inflammatory properties of MAM in DNBS-induced colitis but also in DSS model. In DSS model MAM was able to inhibit Th1 and Th17 immune response while in DNBS model MAM reduced Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune response and increased TGFβ production.
Enhanced forward efficiency of Y_3Al_5O_12:Ce^3+ phosphor from white light-emitting diodes using blue-pass yellow-reflection filter (2009)

This paper reports a simple approach for the design of blue-excitation-light passing and phosphor-yellow-emission-light reflecting dielectric multilayers to recycle the backward emission of Y(3)Al(5)O(12):Ce(3+) (YAG:Ce) yellow phosphors on top of a blue InGaN light-emitting diode (LED) cup. The insertion of modified quarter-wave films of alternate high- and low-refractive index dielectric films (TiO(2)/SiO(2)) into the interface between a YAG:Ce phosphor layer and glass substrate resulted in 1.64 and 1.95 fold increase in efficiency and luminous efficacy of the forward white emission compared with that of a conventional phosphor on top of a blue LED cup with a lower correlated color temperature (< 4000 K).
Analysis of the FM Radio Spectrum for Secondary Licensing of Low-Power Short-Range Cognitive Internet of Things Devices (2016)

The analysis presented in this paper indicates that the FM radio spectrum is underutilized in the areas of the continental United States that have a population of 100000 or less. These locations have vacant FM radio spectrum of at least 13 MHz with sufficient spectrum spacing between adjacent FM radio channels. The spectrum spacing provides the required bandwidth for data transmission and provides enough bandwidth to minimize interference introduced by neighboring predicted and unpredicted FM radio stations and other low-power short-range Internet of Thing (IoT) devices. To ensure that low-power short-range IoT devices maintain reliable communications vacant radio spectrum, such as the FM radio spectrum in these areas, will need to be used through cognitive radio.
Curricular Influence and Perceptions of Engineering Graduates on Socio Ethical Issues Related to Biotechnology (2015)

The impact of BT is on all strides of mankind, the fallout of which is the skepticism about social acceptance of BT products and processes.With appropriate subject knowledge the perception of an individual in this regard will undergo radical transformation. In view of this, ethical and safety issues related to BT are introduced as component of core courses in the curriculum of Biotechnology Engineering education. The present study involves survey pertaining to socio ethical aspects. The survey was conducted on biotechnology engineers, graduated over a period of seven years (2006 to 2012). The responses obtained indicated the ability of the graduates to judge a complex situation related to ethics in BT. Also, responses of the graduates displayed high level of social awareness and responsiveness.