gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Blind MMSE Equalizer for Nonlinear SIMO Systems (2021)

This work presents a novel minimum mean squared error (MMSE) equalizer for blind signal estimation of a nonlinear single input multiple outputs (SIMO) system. The zero and τ delay MMSE equalizer parameters are blindly estimated using the property that they belong to both the signal subspace and the kernel of a properly truncated data covariance matrix. Moreover, in the proposed approach, an appropriate demixing technique is employed to get rid of the inherent ambiguity to the equalized signal in such a nonlinear context. Numerical simulations show that the proposed MMSE blind SIMO nonlinear estimation exhibits a promising performance at a relatively low computational cost.
Toward Higher Color Purity and Narrower Emission Band β-sialon:Eu2+ by Reducing the Oxygen Concentration (2011)

β-sialon (Si6−zAlzOzN8−z):Eu2+ phosphors with the oxygen concentrations as low as less than 1 wt% were synthesized by using the pure Si metal as the Si source. The oxygen concentrations could be controlled in the range of 0.3–0.7 wt%, which corresponds to the z value of 0.06–0.13 by using the mixtures of the Si metal and α-Si3N4 powder. The photoluminescence of the samples showed the blue shifted emission spectrum and the narrower line width when the oxygen concentration was decreased. A wider color gamut can be achieved by using the β-sialon with the low oxygen concentration.
Wide-field Three-Photon Excitation in Biological Samples (2017)

Three-photon wide-field depth-resolved excitation is used to overcome some of the limitations in conventional point-scanning two- and three-photon microscopy. Excitation of chromophores as diverse as channelrhodopsins and quantum dots is shown, and a penetration depth of more than 700 $\mu$m into fixed scattering brain tissue is achieved, approximately twice as deep as that achieved using two-photon wide-field excitation. Compatibility with live animal experiments is confirmed by imaging the cerebral vasculature of an anesthetized mouse; a complete focal stack was obtained without any evidence of photodamage. As an additional validation of the utility of wide-field three-photon excitation, functional excitation is demonstrated by performing three-photon optogenetic stimulation of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons expressing a channelrhodopsin; action potentials could reliably be excited without causing photodamage.
Dilute Versus Concentrated Vasopressin Administration During Laparoscopic Myomectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2016)

(Abstracted from BJOG 2016; doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.14179) Leiomyomata are found in up to 80% of uteri examined at hysterectomy; symptoms are present in 20% to 50% of women. The preferred surgical procedure when uterine conservation is desired is myomectomy; when feasible, the laparoscopic approach is preferred.
An Antenna‐Theory Method for Modeling High‐Frequency RF Coils: A Segmented Birdcage Example (2008)

We suggest that center‐fed dipole antenna analytics can be employed in the optimized design of high‐frequency MRI RF coil applications. The method is illustrated in the design of a single‐segmented birdcage model and a short multisegmented birdcage model. As a byproduct, it is shown that for a long single‐segmented birdcage model, the RF field within it is essentially a TEM mode and has excellent planar uniformity. For a short shielded multisegmented birdcage model, the RF field is optimized with a target‐field approach with an average SAR functional. The planar homogeneity of the optimized RF field is significantly improved compared with that of a single‐segmented birdcage model with the same geometry. The accuracy of the antenna formulae is also verified with numerical simulations performed via commercial software. The model discussed herein provides evidence for the effectiveness of antenna methods in future RF coil analysis.
Geometric-phase intraocular lenses with multifocality (2022)

We demonstrate a new type of multifocal and extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs) embedding μm-thin geometric phase (GP) lens layers. As an emerging approach for lens phase design, the GP modulated IOLs outperform conventional diffractive IOLs in multifocality while completely avoiding the clinically undesirable demand for additional surface patterns to standard monofocal IOL designs. The number of foci and light splitting ratio of the GP IOLs are adjusted by changing the number of stacked GP layers and the thickness of each layer. Bifocal and trifocal GP IOLs are fabricated by radial alignment of anisotropic orientation in UV-curable liquid crystal polymers. After characterizing the defocus image and modulation transfer function of the GP IOLs, it is expected that GP IOLs will alleviate the most common problems associated with multifocal and EDOF IOLs, blurred vision and photic phenomena caused by light scattering and posterior capsule opacification.
Discovery of all-D-peptide inhibitors of SARS CoV 2 3C-like protease (2022)

During the replication process of SARS-CoV-2 the main protease of the virus (3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro)) plays a pivotal role and is essential for the life cycle of the pathogen. Numerous studies have been conducted so far, which have confirmed 3CLpro as an attractive drug target to combat COVID-19. We describe a novel and efficient next generation sequencing (NGS) supported phage display selection strategy for the identification of a set of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro targeting peptide ligands that inhibit the 3CL protease, in a competitive or non-competetive mode, in the low µM range. From the most efficient L-peptides obtained from the phage display, we designed all-D-peptides based on the retro-inverso (ri) principle. They had IC50 values also in the low µM range, and in combination even in the sub-micromolar range. The inhibition modes of these D-ri peptides were the same as their respective L-peptide versions. Our results demonstrate that retro-inverso obtained all-D-peptides interact with high-affinity and inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease, thus reinforcing their potential as therapeutic agents. The here described D-ri peptides address limitations associated with current L-peptide inhibitors and are promising lead compounds. Further optimization regarding pharmacokinetic properties will allow the development of even more potent D-peptides to be used for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
Enhanced HARQ Design for 5G Wide Area Technology (2016)

It is generally recognized that efficient multiplexing of users with highly diverse requirements needs a flexible frame structure. For a new 5th generation mobile networks (5G) air interface, the hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) solution should also be revised to harvest all possible performance benefits that can be obtained with a flexible frame structure. In this paper, we outline a number of HARQ enhancements and design principles for a 5G wide area solution. This includes a flexible asynchronous HARQ scheme with options for dedicated per-link configurations of feedback timing and multi-bit richness. Among others, the proposed solution supports asymmetric link operation, network implementations with different fronthaul latencies, and multi-bit feedback to facilitate variable block length HARQ retransmissions for improved resource utilization. Numerical results are presented for different link configurations.
Delta-Ramp Encoder for Amplitude Sampling and Its Interpretation as Time Encoding (2019)

The theoretical basis for conventional acquisition of bandlimited signals typically relies on uniform time sampling and assumes infinite-precision amplitude values. In this paper, we explore signal representation and recovery based on uniform amplitude sampling with assumed infinite precision timing information. The approach is based on the delta-ramp encoder which consists of applying a one-level level-crossing detector to the result of adding an appropriate sawtooth-like waveform to the input signal. The output samples are the time instants of these level crossings, thus representing a time-encoded version of the input signal. For theoretical purposes, this system can be equivalently analyzed by reversibly transforming through ramp addition a nonmonotonic input signal into a monotonic one, which is then uniformly sampled in amplitude. The monotonic function is then represented by the times at which the signal crosses a predefined and equally-spaced set of amplitude values. We refer to this technique as amplitude sampling. The time sequence generated can be interpreted alternatively as nonuniform time sampling of the original source signal. We derive duality and frequency-domain properties for the functions involved in the transformation. Iterative algorithms are proposed and implemented for recovery of the original source signal. As indicated in the simulations, the proposed iterative amplitude-sampling algorithm achieves a faster convergence rate than frame-based reconstruction for nonuniform sampling. The performance can also be improved by appropriate choice of the parameters while maintaining the same sampling density.
Compensation of state-dependent state delay for nonlinear systems (2012)

We extend the technique for compensating state-dependent delays from systems with delayed inputs to systems with delayed states. We focus on predictor-feedback design for nonlinear systems in the strict-feedback form, having a state-dependent state delay on the virtual input. The two key challenges are the definition of the predictor state and the fact that the predictor design does not follow immediately from the delay-free design. We resolve these challenges and we establish asymptotic stability of the resulting infinite-dimensional nonlinear system for general nonnegative-valued delay functions of the state. Due to an inherent limitation on the delay rate, and since the delay rate depends on the state, we obtain only regional stability results. However, for forward-complete systems, we provide an estimate of the region of attraction in the state space of the infinite-dimensional system. We provide two examples, including an example of stabilization of a cooling system.
Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Olefins with a Dynamic Library of Chiral TROPOS Phosphorus Ligands (2005)

A library of 19 chiral tropos phosphorus ligands, based on a flexible (tropos) biphenol unit and a chiral P-bound alcohol (11 phosphites) or secondary amine (8 phosphoramidites), was synthesized. These ligands were screened, individually and as a combination of two, in the rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of dehydro-alpha-amino acids, dehydro-beta-amino acids, enamides and dimethyl itaconate. ee values up to 98% were obtained for the dehydro-alpha-amino acids, by using the best combination of ligands, a phosphite [4-P(O)2O] and a phosphoramidite [13-P(O)2N]. Kinetic studies of the reactions with the single ligands and with the combination of phosphite [4-P(O)2O] and phosphoramidite [13-P(O)2N] have shown that the phosphite, despite being less enantioselective, promotes the hydrogenation of methyl 2-acetamidoacrylate and methyl 2-acetamidocinnamate faster than the mixture of the same phosphite with the phosphoramidite, while the phosphoramidite alone is much less active. In this way, the reaction was optimized by lowering the phosphite/phosphoramidite ratio (the best ratio is 0.25 equiv phosphite/1.75 equiv phosphoramidite) with a resulting improvement of the product enantiomeric excess. A simple mathematical model for a better understanding of the variation of the enantiomeric excess with the phosphite/phosphoramidite ratio is also presented.
Successful Treatment of Life-threatening Neck Hemorrhage by Single Infusion of Porcine Factor VIII Preparation in a Severe Hemophilia A Patient with Inhibitor (1993)

We report the successful treatment of a subepiglottic hematoma accompanied by progressive dyspnea and vocal difficulty in a 17-year-old hemophilia A patient with inhibitor. The inhibitor titer to human factor VIII was 16 Bethesda Units (B. U.)/ml, whereas that to porcine factor VIII was 5 B. U./ml (cross-reactivity: 31.3%). Then, he was treated by 19, 885u (310.7/kg) (15, 000u for inhibitor neutralizing dose plus about 5, 000u for factor VIII activity (FVIII: C) incremental dose up to 100%) of porcine factor VIII concentrate (MTI-9002; Hyate: C) in a single infusion. The vocal difficulty and respiratry obstruction started disappearing 2 hours later and completely disappeared 2 days later. The recovery of the FVIII: C at 30min and 60min after infusion was 130 and 110%, respectively. Although shivering and a transient and mild decrease in the platelet counts occurred at 30min after the end of the infusion, the symptom disappeared by using hydrocortisone infusion 30min later and the thrombocytopenia recovered within 8 hours. Anamnestic response appeared 7 days after infusion. The peak anti-human and anti-porcine factor VIII titers were 448 and 160 B. U./ml at week 4, respectively. Inhibitor titers decreased to 220 and 84 B. U./ml at week 8. We concluded that only a single but a large infusion more than the calculated neutralizing dose of porcine factor VIII concentrates is effective for lifethreatening hemorrhages in hemophillia A patients with low cross-reactivity.
Surface Disturbance Evolution and the Splattering of Turbulent Liquid Jets (1994)

In this study, we investigate the growth of surface disturbances on turbulent liquid jets in air and its relation to the amount of splattering when the jet strikes a target. A laser-based optical technique is used to measure the instantaneous local amplitude of fluctuations on jets produced by fully-turbulent tube nozzles. Measurements were made over the portion of the jet between 0.2 and 45 nozzle diameters downstream of the nozzle. Jets of water, an isopropanol-water mixture, and water with a surfactant were studied. The local rms amplitude of surface disturbances scales with the jet Weber number and the dimensionless distance from the target. The measurements show a nonexponential growth of the rms amplitude as the liquid moves downstream. Power spectra of the disturbance amplitudes show broadband turbulent disturbances to be dominant over any single wavenumber Rayleigh-type instability. The measured rms amplitude of roughness on the jet surface correlates well with the fraction of impinging liquid splattered, as hypothesized in previous models of splattering. A mathematical model of the free-surface/turbulence interaction is also given. The spectrum of surface disturbances is calculated based on the pressure spectrum of isotropic, homogeneous turbulence. Both the theoretical model and the experiments show that the high-wavenumber portion of the spectrum decays as k−19/3 owing to the damping effect of capillary forces on the turbulent pressure spectrum that drives surface roughening.
Component selection tool to maximize overall energy conversion efficiency in a pumping system (2013)

Often, the components of a pumping system are not selected from the perspective of the total system, as the individual components are selected using different programs. In this paper, a selection tool that optimizes the energy conversion efficiency of a pumping system according to actual process requirements is introduced. The tool requires only the catalog data of the components. Its application to an industrial pump system sizing, and thereby, to a component selection problem is demonstrated.
Scheduling in Densified Networks: Algorithms and Performance (2016)

With increasing data demand, wireless networks are evolving to a hierarchical architecture where coverage is provided by both wide-area base stations (BS) and dense deployments of short-range access nodes (ANs) (e.g., small cells). The dense scale and mobility of users provide new challenges for scheduling: 1) high flux in mobile-to-AN associations, where mobile nodes quickly change associations with ANs (time scale of seconds) due to their small footprint and 2) multi-point connectivity, where mobile nodes are simultaneously connected to several ANs at any time. We study such a densified scenario with multi-channel wireless links (e.g., multi-channel OFDM) between nodes (BS/AN/mobile). We first show that traditional algorithms that forward each packet at most once, either to a single AN or a mobile user, do not have good delay performance. We argue that the fast association dynamics between ANs and mobile users necessitate a multi-point relaying strategy, where multiple ANs have duplicate copies of the data, and coordinate to deliver data to the mobile user. Surprisingly, despite data replication and no coordination between ANs, we show that our algorithm (a distributed scheduler-DIST) can approximately stabilize the system in large-scale instantiations of this setting, and further, performs well from a queue-length/delay perspective (shown via large deviation bounds).
A Cage for Photons (2011)

We present a design of a “cage for photons”, i.e. an integrated optical cavity that can confine an optical mode in free space with the optical field accessible to particles such as atoms, molecules, etc.
Enantioselektive Hydrierung von Olefinen mit Phosphandihydrooxazol-Iridium-Katalysatoren (1998)

Hohe Umsatzzahlen und bis zu 98% ee werden bei katalytischen Hydrierungen nichtfunktionalisierter Arylolefine mit Phosphandihydrooxazol-Iridiumkomplexen 1 erzielt (siehe Schema). Die Anionen der Katalysatorkomplexe, z. B. Hexafluorophosphat oder Tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluormethyl)phenyl]borat (BARF−), haben einen starken Einfluß auf Reaktivität und Lebensdauer der Katalysatoren.
Variations in the turn‐forming characteristics of N‐Acyl proline units (1992)

We have examined intramolecular hydrogen bonding in four homologous compounds, N-acetyl-, N-propionyl-, N-i-butyryl-, and N-pivaloyl-proline-methylamide, in methylene chloride, by means of 1H-nmr and ir measurements. At room temperature, the major trans conformer of MeCO-Pro-NHMe appears to be approximately 68% intramolecularly hydrogen bonded, the trans conformers of EtCO-Pro-NHMe and i-PrCO-Pro-NHMe are approximately 75% intramolecularly hydrogen bonded, and t-BuCO-Pro-NHMe is approximately 50% intramolecularly hydrogen bonded. Thus, the internally hydrogen-bonded state (C7 or gamma-turn) is significantly less populated for the N-pivaloyl compound than for the other three molecules in this series. Variable temperature measurements indicate that for each proline derivative there is very little enthalpic difference between the intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded and nonhydrogen bonded states of the trans rotamer. Changing the N-terminal acyl group also affects intramolecular hydrogen bonding (including beta-turn formation) in end-blocked Pro-Gly dipeptides.
Intratumoral Localization of Pattern Recognition Receptor Signaling Informs CAR T Cell Design (2019)

Abstract Immune therapies have significantly improved outcomes for cancer patients with poor prognosis, but mechanisms that underlie response or resistance to therapy remain elusive. Type I and Type II interferon signaling is required for immune activation but is also known to drive programs of tumor-intrinsic resistance. We propose that activation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) signaling in specific cellular compartments underlies this seemingly contradictory observation. We have recently identified the highly structured RNA RN7SL1 (7SL) as a novel intratumoral PAMP (pathogen associated molecular pattern) capable of activating PRR signaling. When over-expressed in tumor cells, the resulting tumors are resistant to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. However, 7SL is stimulatory to primary human DCs, and improves T cell priming in vitro. Furthermore, direct intratumoral injection of 7SL improves immune activation and response to ICB in vivo. Thus, we propose the localization of PAMP recognition and PRR signaling may represent an important determinant of response to ICB therapy. Based on this finding, we have developed a CAR T cell capable of producing 7SL in the tumor microenvironment, as well as a fully syngeneic B16 solid tumor model for CAR T cell therapy. Murine 7SL-CAR T cells control tumors more robustly than controls and synergize with ICB. Importantly, this effect is dependent on endogenous T cells, indicating that 7SL-CAR T cells are jump-starting an endogenous polyclonal anti-tumor immune response. In total, this represents a novel insight into the role of PRR signaling in tumors and leverages the findings to create a therapy with potential to serve patients that are currently refractory to CAR-T or ICB therapies alone.
Polyurethane based organic macromolecular contrast agents (PU-ORCAs) for magnetic resonance imaging (2017)

Combination of its convenience for non-invasive application and high spatial resolution make Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) one of the leading imaging modalities.
Dirchromones: Cytotoxic Organic Sulfur Compounds Isolated from Dirca palustris (2015)

Eight novel organic sulfur compounds featuring an unprecedented structure among natural organosulfur molecules are reported. The identified compounds, named dirchromones (1-8), were isolated from a dichloromethane extract of the roots, bark, and wood of Dirca palustris, an endemic shrub of eastern North America. Their identification was based on thorough NMR, IR, and HRMS spectroscopic data interpretation. These compounds showed cytotoxic and mild Gram-positive antibacterial activities in vitro, while being inactive against Gram-negative Escherichia coli and the yeast Candida albicans. This is the first report of sulfur-containing compounds from a species of the Thymelaeaceae.
Laser angioplasty with lensed fibers and a holmium:YAG laser in iliac artery occlusions (1991)

Holmium-YAG (2.1 (mu) ) laser recanalization was attempted in 10 totally occluded miniature swine iliac arteries using a lensed fiber delivery system. The iliac artery occlusions were created in a Yucatan miniature swine model of atherosclerosis by means of a high cholesterol diet and balloon endothelial denudation. In order to increase the spot size, a spherical silica lens was attached to the distal end of a 300 micrometers core diameter silica optical fiber. The holmium-YAG laser was operated in the free-running mode with 250 microsecond(s) ec pulses at 4 Hz. The energy delivered was 225 mJ per pulse for the 1.0 mm lensed fiber and 200 mJ per pulse for the 1.3 mm lensed fiber. Laser energy was delivered in 2 to 5 second bursts. Successful recanalization was achieved in all 10 arteries attempted without perforation of the arterial wall. The average length of the occlusions was 5.0 +/- 1.8 cm. Following successful laser recanalization significant stenoses (>50%) remained in all of the arteries as judged by angiography. In conclusion, the lensed fibers coupled to the pulsed holmium-YAG laser were safe and effective in recanalizing these difficult lesions in relatively straight iliac arteries. There is potential clinical utility for this system as an adjunct to balloon angioplasty in patients with lesions which are unable to be crossed with guidewires.
Modification of cotton to improve its dyeability. Part 2 – pretreating cotton with a thiourea derivative of polyamide–epichlorohydrin resins (1990)

A new method of pretreating cotton to improve its dyeability, using an aqueous solution containing polyamide–epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin and thiourea is introduced. The effect of dyebath pH on the colour yield, fixation and build–up of Procion HE, H and MX (ICI) dyes on the pretreated cotton, together with the quality of the dyeings obtained when using the new method and mechanistic implications, are discussed.