gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of liquid- and vapor-phase silylation processes for 193-nm positive-tone lithography (1993)

Liquid- and vapor-phase silylation processes are compared for a 193-nm positive-tone lithographic process using polyvinylphenol as a resist. The liquid-phase process, using a mixture of xylene, hexamethylcyclotrisilazane, and propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, was found to have higher silylation contrast, better sensitivity, and a smaller proximity effect (a decrease in silylation depth for smaller feature sizes). These factors result in a larger exposure latitude, particularly at feature sizes below 0.5 μm. These advantages are greatly offset, however, by the increased chemical costs, which are estimated to be more than 100 times greater than for the vapor-phase process.
Achieving ultrahigh crack resistance in glass through humid aging (2020)

Oxide glasses continue to be among the most important materials for a sustainable society owing to their unique advantages, e.g., transparency, formability, low cost, and tailorable properties and functionalities. However, their high brittleness has severely been hindering the use of oxide glasses for many engineering and functional applications. Previous approaches to overcome this limitation by improving the fracture toughness have largely failed, but herein we report the use of a simple post-treatment, namely surface aging in a humid atmosphere, to improve not the resistance to crack growth, but rather the resistance to crack initiation. The effect of such aging on the mechanical performance is found to be highly composition dependent, and in stark contrast to most previous work, we thus find that water incorporation is not always a foe, but can also be a friend for glass mechanics. Specifically, we demonstrate crack-free ultrasharp cube corner indents in an aged caesium aluminoborate glass at loads above 25 N, while other aged oxide glasses studied in this work easily crack at loads below 1 N. The aging effect is found to be due to a combination of stress and hydrolysis assisted structural changes in the flexible aluminoborate glass network.
High-speed VCSEL of modulation bandwidth over 7.0 GHz and its application to 100 m PCF datalink (1998)

High-speed vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) with 6/spl times/6 /spl mu/m active area is fabricated by reducing its pad area in order to reduce its parasitic capacitance. The fabricated VCSEL shows the 3 dB bandwidth of over 7 GHz and average threshold current of 0.7 mA. This is the highest 3 dB modulation bandwidth ever reported for the plan type bottom emitted laser with pad. The maximum intrinsic bandwidth as estimated from k-factor is found to be over 20 GHz, which is less than three times than the observed bandwidth. The thermal characteristics are also found to be almost unchanged due to the reducing of its pad size. It also showed open eye pattern for 3 GHz nonreturn to zero (NRZ) pseudorandom signal after transmission through 100 m large core plastic clad fiber (PCF), which could be used in short and medium distance optical links.
Electro-optic response in polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (2021)

Cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) is a one-dimensional photonic crystal and is promising for various applications, including smart windows, optical components, and displays. Previous work has reported that polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs) have shown dynamic photonic properties with the application of direct current (DC) field, including bandwidth broadening, switchable scattering, red tuning and blue tuning. Recently, PSCLCs have been prepared upon exposure of a 363.8 nm Argon laser, and higher order diffraction peaks, such as the second and/or third order diffraction peaks, are observed. The higher order reflection bands are caused by the deformed helical structure of the polymer stabilizing network formed during the exposure of a single laser beam or under reflection grating conditions. The spectral position of the second-order reflection band, which is half the spectral position of the main CLC reflection band, is simply adjusted by chiral dopant concentrations in the CLC mixture. The selective main and higher order reflection notches can be red-tuned and broadened by the application of DC fields. A potential mechanism for higher order diffraction peaks in the PSCLCs will be discussed.
Code and constellation optimization for efficient noncoherent communication (2005)

We consider noncoherent communication techniques with large signal alphabets, where explicit (i.e., pilot symbol based) channel estimates are not required by the receiver and iterative soft information exchange between noncoherent demodulator and channel decoder is employed for approaching Shannon-theoretic limits. Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) functions are used to characterize convergence of the iterative receiver, enabling joint optimization of the inner modulation code constellation and symbol mapping with an outer binary channel code. We find that QAM constellations classically employed over the AWGN channel are inferior to modified constellation shapes based on aligned PSK rings with Gray-like amplitude/phase bit maps. EXIT analysis of turbo noncoherent communication further shows that standard convolutional codes are near optimal in serial concatenation with a unit-rate inner modulation code. The overall system is within 2.4 dB of Shannon capacity for the block fading channel at 1.8 bits/channel use, demonstrating that bandwidth-efficient noncoherent communication systems with reasonable complexity are now within reach.
Targeting the Aurora Kinases to Treat Pancreatic Cancer (2005)

Motivated by the urgent need for new molecular targets and novel agents to treat pancreatic cancer, a target-based approach to drug discovery was implemented that led to the identification, validation and targeting of the Aurora family of kinases. The Aurora kinases (A, B and C) are mitotic serine/threonine kinases involved in various aspects of mitosis, including centrosome separation, bipolar spindle assembly, chromosome alignment and cytokinesis. In this dissertation, the potential use of the Aurora kinases as therapeutic targets to treat pancreatic cancer was investigated. It was found that both Aurora A and Aurora B are overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinomas, suggesting that some cancer cells are dependent upon their activity for continued proliferation and survival. To validate this hypothesis, antisense oligonucleotides were used in cell-based assays to evaluate the biological consequences of Aurora A and/or Aurora B inhibition. It was found that perturbations in Aurora kinase signaling result in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The biological fingerprints of Aurora A and Aurora B inhibition were compared and contrasted in an effort to identify the superior therapeutic target. It was concluded that an Aurora A-targeted therapy may have some beneficial consequences; however, a therapeutic approach discriminating between Aurora A and Aurora B is not straightforward. A fragment-based approach relying heavily on computer modeling was used to design and identify a nanomolar inhibitor of the Aurora kinases; however, it showed activity only at high micromolar concentrations in cell-based evaluations suggesting the compound possessed unfavorable characteristics that limited its biological activity. The preclinical development of analogues of the compound discovered by the work presented in this dissertation is ongoing. Finally, the pancreas-specific overexpression of Aurora A kinase was shown to be insufficient to induced pancreatic tumorigenesis in a mouse transgenic model.
Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in parkinsonian and essential tremor (1999)

Thalamic stimulation was shown to be an effective and relatively safe treatment for disabling tremor. This procedure initially applied in a very limited number of centres has been successfully used in 13 participating centres.
Photophysical and photochemical studies of phenothiazine and some derivatives: exploratory studies of novel photosensitizers for photoresist technology (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotophysical and photochemical studies of phenothiazine and some derivatives: exploratory studies of novel photosensitizers for photoresist technologyMonica Barra, Gary S. Calabrese, Mary Tedd Allen, Robert W. Redmond, Roger Sinta, Angelo A. Lamola, Richard D. Small, Jr., and J. C. ScaianoCite this: Chem. Mater. 1991, 3, 4, 610–616Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00016a010https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00016a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views460Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Learning Nonlinear Brain Dynamics: van der Pol Meets LSTM (2018)

Abstract Many real-world data sets, especially in biology, are produced by highly multivariate and nonlinear complex dynamical systems. In this paper, we focus on brain imaging data, including both calcium imaging and functional MRI data. Standard vector-autoregressive models are limited by their linearity assumptions, while nonlinear general-purpose, large-scale temporal models, such as LSTM networks, typically require large amounts of training data, not always readily available in biological applications; furthermore, such models have limited interpretability. We introduce here a novel approach for learning a nonlinear differential equation model aimed at capturing brain dynamics. Specifically, we propose a variable-projection optimization approach to estimate the parameters of the multivariate (coupled) van der Pol oscillator, and demonstrate that such a model can accurately represent nonlinear dynamics of the brain data. Furthermore, in order to improve the predictive accuracy when forecasting future brain-activity time series, we use this analytical model as an unlimited source of simulated data for pretraining LSTM; such model-specific data augmentation approach consistently improves LSTM performance on both calcium and fMRI imaging data.
Regulation of acid secretion by bombesin/GRP neurons of the gastric fundus (1991)

Intramural neurons in the fundus of the isolated mouse stomach were activated by 1,1-dimethyl-4-phenylpiperazinium (DMPP) or by electrical field stimulation and the participation of cholinergic and bombesin/gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) neurons in the regulation of acid secretion evaluated with atropine and a selective bombesin/GRP antagonist, [Leu13-psi(CH2NH)-Leu14]bombesin. For both DMPP and field stimulation, atropine inhibited acid secretion and augmented somatostatin secretion. The bombesin/GRP antagonist had an opposite effect, augmenting acid secretion and inhibiting somatostatin secretion to below basal levels. The combination of the two antagonists restored DMPP- and field-stimulated acid and somatostatin secretion to basal levels. The results indicate that neurally stimulated acid secretion in the isolated mouse stomach is regulated by cholinergic neurons that mediate stimulation and bombesin/GRP neurons that mediate inhibition of acid secretion. Cholinergic neurons exert their stimulatory effect by acting directly on parietal cells and indirectly by eliminating the inhibitory influence of somatostatin. Bombesin/GRP neurons exert their inhibitory effect mainly by inducing release of somatostatin; an additional direct inhibitory effect of bombesin/GRP neurons on parietal cells is possible.
An evaluation of the radiological changes around the Grammont reverse geometry shoulder arthroplasty after eight to 12 years (2011)

Radiological changes and differences between cemented and uncemented components of Grammont reverse shoulder arthroplasties (DePuy) were analysed at a mean follow-up of 9.6 years (8 to 12). Of 122 reverse shoulder arthroplasties implanted in five shoulder centres between 1993 and 2000, a total of 68 (65 patients) were available for study. The indications for reversed shoulder arthroplasty were cuff tear arthropathy in 48 shoulders, revision of shoulder prostheses of various types in 11 and massive cuff tear in nine. The development of scapular notching, bony scapular spur formation, heterotopic ossification, glenoid and humeral radiolucencies, stem subsidence, radiological signs of stress shielding and resorption of the tuberosities were assessed on standardised true anteroposterior and axillary radiographs. A scapular notch was observed in 60 shoulders (88%) and was associated with the superolateral approach (p = 0.009). Glenoid radiolucency was present in 11 (16%), bony scapular spur and/or ossifications in 51 (75%), and subsidence of the stem and humeral radiolucency in more than three zones were present in three (8.8%) and in four (11.8%) of 34 cemented components, respectively, and in one (2.9%) and two (5.9%) of 34 uncemented components, respectively. Radiological signs of stress shielding were significantly more frequent with uncemented components (p < 0.001), as was resorption of the greater (p < 0.001) and lesser tuberosities (p = 0.009).
Homeostasis of Second Messenger Cyclic-di-AMP Is Critical for Cyanobacterial Fitness and Acclimation to Abiotic Stress (2018)

Second messengers are intracellular molecules regulated by external stimuli known as first messengers that are used for rapid organismal responses to dynamic environmental changes. Cyclic di-AMP (c-di-AMP) is a relatively newly discovered second messenger implicated in cell wall homeostasis in many pathogenic bacteria. C-di-AMP is synthesized from ATP by diadenylyl cyclases (DAC) and degraded by specific c-di-AMP phosphodiesterases (PDE). C-di-AMP DACs and PDEs are present in all sequenced cyanobacteria, suggesting roles for c-di-AMP in the physiology and/or development of these organisms. Despite conservation of these genes across numerous cyanobacteria, the functional roles of c-di-AMP in cyanobacteria have not been well-investigated. In a unique feature of cyanobacteria, phylogenetic analysis indicated that the broadly conserved DAC, related to CdaA/DacA, is always co-associated in an operon with genes critical for controlling cell wall synthesis. To investigate phenotypes regulated by c-di-AMP in cyanobacteria, we overexpressed native DAC (<i>sll0505</i>) and c-di-AMP PDE (<i>slr0104</i>) genes in the cyanobacterium <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 (hereafter <i>Synechocystis</i>) to increase and decrease intracellular c-di-AMP levels, respectively. DAC- and PDE-overexpression strains, showed abnormal aggregation phenotypes, suggesting functional roles for regulating c-di-AMP homeostasis <i>in vivo</i>. As c-di-AMP may be implicated in osmotic responses in cyanobacteria, we tested whether sorbitol and NaCl stresses impacted expression of <i>sll0505</i> and <i>slr0104</i> or intracellular c-di-AMP levels in <i>Synechocystis</i>. Additionally, to determine the range of cyanobacteria in which c-di-AMP may function, we assessed c-di-AMP levels in two unicellular cyanobacteria, i.e., <i>Synechocystis</i> and <i>Synechococcus elongatus</i> PCC 7942, and two filamentous cyanobacteria, i.e., <i>Fremyella diplosiphon</i> and <i>Anabaena</i> sp. PCC 7120. C-di-AMP levels responded differently to abiotic stress signals in distinct cyanobacteria strains, whereas salt stress uniformly impacted another second messenger cyclic di-GMP in cyanobacteria. Together, these results suggest regulation of c-di-AMP homeostasis in cyanobacteria and implicate a role for the second messenger in maintaining cellular fitness in response to abiotic stress.
Genomics of perivascular space burden unravels early mechanisms of cerebral small vessel disease (2023)

Perivascular space (PVS) burden is an emerging, poorly understood, magnetic resonance imaging marker of cerebral small vessel disease, a leading cause of stroke and dementia. Genome-wide association studies in up to 40,095 participants (18 population-based cohorts, 66.3 ± 8.6 yr, 96.9% European ancestry) revealed 24 genome-wide significant PVS risk loci, mainly in the white matter. These were associated with white matter PVS already in young adults (N = 1,748; 22.1 ± 2.3 yr) and were enriched in early-onset leukodystrophy genes and genes expressed in fetal brain endothelial cells, suggesting early-life mechanisms. In total, 53% of white matter PVS risk loci showed nominally significant associations (27% after multiple-testing correction) in a Japanese population-based cohort (N = 2,862; 68.3 ± 5.3 yr). Mendelian randomization supported causal associations of high blood pressure with basal ganglia and hippocampal PVS, and of basal ganglia PVS and hippocampal PVS with stroke, accounting for blood pressure. Our findings provide insight into the biology of PVS and cerebral small vessel disease, pointing to pathways involving extracellular matrix, membrane transport and developmental processes, and the potential for genetically informed prioritization of drug targets.
Smoothing of PV Output Power in Grid-Tied Energy Storage System with Model Predictive Control and Battery Lifetime Consideration (2021)

This paper presents a control strategy for intermittent photovoltaic (PV) system when coupled with battery energy storage (BES) connected to the grid and the load. We use model predictive control (MPC) framework to allow the BES to adapt dynamically and provide control actions according to PV output fluctuation while satisfying several constraints including meeting the grid ramp rate requirement, and addressing the maximum battery charge/discharge power constraint and state of charge (SoC) limitation. The system is represented as a discrete time state space model and convex objectives are minimized subjected to system constraints providing optimal control input. Moving average (MA) filter is used to generate the reference power and window size is selected by considering the maximum grid ramp rate and battery lifetime. Time series forecasting model has been developed based on PV data to establish novel integrated MPC method for better energy management system incorporating battery lifetime considerations. The simulation performed in Matlab/Simulink demonstrates that the proposed control method can track the reference power while maintaining the functional requirement of the BES unit and the grid efficiently as well as preserving battery lifetime significantly.
Coulomb blur advantage of a multi-shaped beam lithography approach (2009)

This paper describes a new multi beam approach in electron beam lithography called Multi Shaped Beam (MSB). Based on the well known Variable Shaped Beam (VSB) principle, the single shaped beam arrangement is extended and complemented by an array of individually controlled shaped beams. The positive effect of the MSB approach on resolution limiting stochastic beam blur due to Coulomb interactions will be highlighted applying detailed electron-optical Monte-Carlo simulations. To verify the feasibility of the above-mentioned new approach, there is also depicted a proof-of-lithography test stand based on a complete e-beam-lithography system containing MSB-specific hardware and software components.
Dynamic Flow Distribution Prediction for Urban Dockless E-Scooter Sharing Reconfiguration (2020)

Thanks to recent progresses in mobile payment, IoT, electric motors, batteries and location-based services, Dockless E-scooter Sharing (DES) has become a popular means of last-mile commute for a growing number of (smart) cities. As e-scooters are getting deployed dynamically and flexibly across city regions that expand and/or shrink, with subsequent social, commercial and environmental evaluation, accurate prediction of the distribution of e-scooters given reconfigured regions becomes essential for the city planners and service providers.
A general method for passband quantization noise suppression in pulsed transmitter architectures (2009)

In this paper we describe a novel method for selective bandpass cancellation of the quantization-noise that occurs in pulsed transmitter architectures, where the signal is partially or completely quantized. A carrier bursting transmitter architecture, where the amplitude part is quantized and then recombined with a phase-modulated RF carrier, is used as a general example to demonstrate the principles of the method proposed. Measurements on a high efficiency 10 W LDMOS PA working at 1 GHz are used to verify the theoretical results.
Electrowetting manipulation of any optical film (2007)

Electrowetting manipulation of any optical film is reported. A square channel was constructed with four sidewall electrodes, coated with a hydrophobic dielectric, and filled with saline and oil. In a first experiment a dielectric mirror film was suspended between the oil/saline meniscus. Electrowetting at each sidewall produced a saline contact angle change of 35°&amp;lt;θ&amp;lt;170°. This change in contact angle tilted the mirror and ±105° of laser beam deflection was achieved. A second experiment utilized a Mylar film imprinted with a diffraction grating (625lines∕mm). Electrowetting tilting of the grating was shown to alter the diffraction of the laser beam.
Suppression of homogeneous crystal nucleation of the NiAl intermetallic by a composition gradient: A molecular dynamics study (2017)

Molecular dynamics simulations of homogeneous nucleation of the NiAl intermetallic phase from a liquid solution on cooling indicate that this phase transformation is suppressed in the presence of a composition gradient. A simulation method is designed to generate a sustaining composition gradient at the interface between two materials. As the composition gradient increases, the nucleation energy barrier rises, the critical nucleus size increases, and the nucleus shape develops an increasing asymmetry. A polymorphic nucleation model for a disk-shaped nucleus that incorporates the composition dependence of interfacial free energies was observed to describe the atomic-scale details of the simulation well. Critical nuclei shapes and volumes predicted by the model match with those appearing in the molecular dynamics simulations.
Dental pulp stem cells: function, isolation and applications in regenerative medicine (2014)

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a promising source of cells for numerous and varied regenerative medicine applications. Their natural function in the production of odontoblasts to create reparative dentin support applications in dentistry in the regeneration of tooth structures. However, they are also being investigated for the repair of tissues outside of the tooth. The ease of isolation of DPSCs from discarded or removed teeth offers a promising source of autologous cells, and their similarities with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) suggest applications in musculoskeletal regenerative medicine. DPSCs are derived from the neural crest and, therefore, have a different developmental origin to BMSCs. These differences from BMSCs in origin and phenotype are being exploited in neurological and other applications. This review briefly highlights the source and functions of DPSCs and then focuses on in vivo applications across the breadth of regenerative medicine.