gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical Monitoring of Gases with Cholesteric Liquid Crystals (2010)

A new approach to optical monitors for gases is introduced using cholesteric liquid crystals doped with reactive chiral compounds. The approach is based on cholesteric pitch length changes caused by a change in helical twisting power (HTP) of the chiral dopants upon reaction with the analyte. The concept is demonstrated for monitoring carbon dioxide via reversible carbamate formation and for oxygen using the irreversible oxidation of a chiral dithiol to a disulfide. Monitoring of CO(2) was achieved by doping a commercial cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture (E7) with 1.6% mol of the 1:1 complex of an optically pure diamine with a TADDOL derivative. Upon exposure to carbon dioxide, the reflection band of a thin film of the mixture shifted from 637 to 495 nm as a consequence of dissociation of the complex after carbamate formation of the diamine. An O(2) monitor was obtained by doping E7 with a chiral binaphthyl dithiol derivative and a nonresponsive codopant. The reflection band of the oxygen monitor film changed from 542 to 600 nm, due to the conformational change accompanying oxidation of the dithiol to disulfide. These monitoring mechanisms hold promise for application in smart packaging, where carbon dioxide and oxygen are of special interest because of their roles in food preservation.
Targeting of Conserved Gag-Epitopes in Early HIV Infection Is Associated with Lower Plasma Viral Load and Slower CD4 + T Cell Depletion (2012)

We aimed to investigate whether the character of the immunodominant HIV-Gag peptide (variable or conserved) targeted by CD8(+) T cells in early HIV infection would influence the quality and quantity of T cell responses, and whether this would affect the rate of disease progression. Treatment-naive HIV-infected study subjects within the OPTIONS cohort at the University of California, San Francisco, were monitored from an estimated 44 days postinfection for up to 6 years. CD8(+) T cells responses targeting HLA-matched HIV-Gag-epitopes were identified and characterized by multicolor flow cytometry. The autologous HIV gag sequences were obtained. We demonstrate that patients targeting a conserved HIV-Gag-epitope in early infection maintained their epitope-specific CD8(+) T cell response throughout the study period. Patients targeting a variable epitope showed decreased immune responses over time, although there was no limitation of the functional profile, and they were likely to target additional variable epitopes. Maintained immune responses to conserved epitopes were associated with no or limited sequence evolution within the targeted epitope. Patients with immune responses targeting conserved epitopes had a significantly lower median viral load over time compared to patients with responses targeting a variable epitope (0.63 log(10) difference). Furthermore, the rate of CD4(+) T cell decline was slower for subjects targeting a conserved epitope (0.85% per month) compared to subjects targeting a variable epitope (1.85% per month). Previous studies have shown that targeting of antigens based on specific HLA types is associated with a better disease course. In this study we show that categorizing epitopes based on their variability is associated with clinical outcome.
P4–270: Treatments with an amyloid–binding D–amino acid peptide affect amyloid deposition in APP/PS1 mutant mice (2006)

It has been shown that the fibrillogenesis of the Aβ peptide and the concomitant deposition of Aβ deposition can be influenced by agents that prevent the polymerization process. We have developed a D–amino acid peptide that selectively binds human Aβ, and that in in vitro experiments has been shown to inhibit amyloid polymerization. We hypothesized that this decrease in amyloid fibrillogenesis and, thus, Aβ pathology would be present in AD model transgenic mice expressing two AD mutations, i.e., PS1 (E9 mutation) and APPswe, when they were treated with this small (12 mer) D–amino acid peptide that has a high binding affinity for human Aβ. We infused the D–peptide in the brain from 7 to 9 months of age, using Alzet minipumps, in the AD mutant mice, and at 9 months of age the animals were sacrificed (together with an age–matched control–infused group). The brains were cut and stained for Aβ and markers of synaptic proteins, and inflammation. The 9 months old AD mice displayed a clear decrease of diffuse Aβ staining and plaque number in the cortex ipsilateral to the infusion. However, in contrast, in the control peptide–infused group, the 9 months old animals showed no change in diffuse Aβ deposits or plaque number in any cortical area. Inflammatory markers, i.e., activated glial cells surrounding Aβ deposits, were also significantly decreased. Therefore, the infusion of a D–amino acid peptide that binds Aβ, and that prevents fibrillogenesis, causes a decrease in the deposition and a change in the composition of Aβ deposits in these AD model mice.
Pedicle screws (1995)

: A review of the basic science, clinical outcome, and complications associated with pedicle screw use. A discussion of the regulatory status of pedicle screws is presented. (C) Lippincott-Raven Publishers.
Dendrimers in combination with natural products and analogues as anti-cancer agents (2017)

For the first time, an overview of dendrimers in combination with natural products and analogues as anti-cancer agents is presented. This reflects the development of drug delivery systems, such as dendrimers, to tackle cancers. The most significant advantages of using dendrimers in nanomedicine are their high biocompatibility, good water solubility, and their entry - with or without encapsulated, complexed or conjugated drugs - through an endocytosis process. This strategy has accelerated over the years in order to develop nanosystems as nanocarriers, to decrease the intrinsic toxicity of anti-cancer agents, to decrease the drug side effects, to increase the efficacy of the treatment, and consequently to improve patient compliance.
Expression of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor gene in human colorectal tumor (1990)

Expression of pancreatic secretory trypsin inhibitor (PSTI) gene was examined by Northern blotting analyses in 31 human colorectal tumors that included two benign adenomas and 26 adenocarcinomas. Among the total of 28 cases which proved to be adequate for mRNA analyses, all but one showed the expression of PSTI at various levels. In contrast, PSTI expression was not detected in two malignant lymphomas of the rectum. The level of PSTI expression was not correlated with the patient's age, sex, tumor location or size, stage of differentiation, lymph node metastasis, or progression stage. Some colorectal adenocarcinomas were also shown to express genes that can hybridize with human trypsinogen cDNA probe. It looks as though in these tumors, a protease(s) and its inhibitor are produced simultaneously as part of a cellular self-defense mechanism.
OKID as a Unified Approach to System Identification (2014)

This paper presents a unified approach for the identification of linear state-space models from input-output measurements in the presence of noise. It is based on the established Observer/Kalman filter IDentification (OKID) method of which it proposes a new formulation capable of transforming a stochastic identification problem into a (simpler) deterministic problem, where the Kalman filter corresponding to the unknown system and the unknown noise covariances is identified. The system matrices are then recovered from the identified Kalman filter. The Kalman filter can be identified with any deterministic identification method for linear state-space models, giving rise to numerous new algorithms and establishing the Kalman filter as the unifying bridge from stochastic to deterministic problems in system identification.
Machines synchrones - Fonctionnement en régime permanent (2007)

Des machines synchrones occupent une place croissante tant en génération d’énergie qu’en actionnement. Il existe des structures variées, avec des modes de fonctionnement diversifiés. Cette diversité a conduit à des approches d’analyse de comportement historiquement variées. Mais on peut mettre en parallèle des approches pour comprendre qu’il y a finalement peu de différences entre ces fonctionnements qui ont longtemps semblé si éloignés.
Physical and Spectroscopic Studies of the Nucleation and Growth of Copper Thin Films on Polyimide Surfaces by Chemical Vapor Deposition (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhysical and Spectroscopic Studies of the Nucleation and Growth of Copper Thin Films on Polyimide Surfaces by Chemical Vapor DepositionNoo Li Jeon and Ralph G. NuzzoCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 1, 341–355Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00001a057https://doi.org/10.1021/la00001a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antimicrobial effect of anesthetic‐eluting ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene for post‐arthroplasty antibacterial prophylaxis (2019)

Despite being a relatively safe surgery, total joint replacement is often associated with two major complications-severe post-operative pain and periprosthetic joint infection. Local sustained delivery of therapeutics to the surgical site has a potential to address these complications more effectively than current clinical approaches. Given that several analgesics were shown to possess antibacterial activity, we propose here to use analgesic-loaded ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) as a delivery vehicle to provide antimicrobial effect after an arthroplasty. Three commonly used anesthetics, lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine, were analyzed in order to reveal the drug with the highest antibacterial activity against methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. Having shown highest antibacterial activity in the bacterial susceptibility tests, bupivacaine was chosen to be incorporated into UHMWPE to provide antibacterial properties. Bupivacaine-loaded UHMWPE possessed moderate dose-dependent antimicrobial properties, decreasing the S. aureus proliferation rate by up to 70%. Biofilm formation was also substanitally inhibited during the first 9 h of culture as quantified by bacterial counts and SEM. This proof-of-concept study is first of its kind to demonstrate that analgesic-loaded UHMWPE can be used as part of a multimodal antimicrobial therapy. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
False-Positive and False-Negative Results of Motor Evoked Potential Monitoring During Surgery for Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors (2017)

MEP monitoring has a limitation in predicting postoperative weakness in surgery for IMTs. False-positive and false-negative indices were abundant, with sensitivity and specificity of 0.65 and 0.83 in predicting postoperative weakness.
Pervasive Occult Gastrointestinal Bleeding in an Alaska Native Population With Prevalent Iron Deficiency (1997)

Based on this study sample, occult gastrointestinal bleeding appears to be pervasive in the Yupik population and likely underlies the prevalent iron deficiency. An atypical hemorrhagic gastritis associated with H pylori infection is present almost universally and may represent the bleeding source.
A new model for aluminum interconnect fusing caused by ESD (2002)

Electrical Overstress (EOS) in semiconductor devices accounts for a large number of the failures that occur in both the vendor's facility as well as in the field. Improvements in the circuit design and layout require techniques that accurately model this damage. This paper provides the details necessary to model fusing of aluminum interconnect caused by electrostatic discharge. It also highlights the important material properties necessary to improve a circuit's response to EOS or ESD events.
ChemInform Abstract: MCC/SNAr Methodology. Part 1. Novel Access to a Range of Heterocyclic Cores. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ellipsometric Porosimetry: from Thin Films to Patterned Structures Characterization (2010)

For the sub-32 nm nodes, porous SiCOH dielectrics (p-SiCOH) are integrated using dual damascene patterning by etching trenches and vias directly into the porous material. Since p-SiCOH dielectrics exhibit a poor resistance to plasma treatments one challenge is to control the process conditions to minimize the plasma-induced damage. Until now Ellipsometric Porosimetry (EP) on blanket test wafers has been used to investigate the impact of plasma treatments on porous materials and demonstrated possible surface densification and hydrophobicity loss after the process steps [1]. Unfortunately the properties of vertically patterned structures, i.e. real circuits, may differ from the bottom of the trench region. Few studies have been performed on patterned structures to determine the sidewall modification while this information is critical for device performance. In this study quantitative measurements of vertically patterned porous materials will be demonstrated using the recently developed Scatterometric Porosimetry (SP) technique [2]. It consists in coupling EP measurements of periodic structures with a scatterometric analysis (Fig. 1). A comparison between EP and SP will be detailed on different plasma-treated samples showing that material modifications strongly depend on the sample geometry.
Merits: More effective use of renewables including compact seasonal thermal energy storage (2013)

energetica 1) Lower energy use, decrease losses 2) More renewable energy 3) More efficient use of fossil energy Built environment Passive measures: compact building, insulation!Active measures: PV, thermal, wind, water Heat pumps, low T heating, efficient system lay-out (short pipes etc.) Through the thermal battery developed within MERITS the renewable energy harvested in summer is available throughout the year!www.merits.
Sustainable energy systems with HVDC transmission (2004)

Article on the necessity of efficient electric transmission on electricity to make sustainable generation of energy possible. In this respect high voltage direct current has a important role.
Model for estimating QoE of video delivered using HTTP adaptive streaming (2013)

The end user QoE (quality of experience) of content delivered over a radio network is influenced by the radio conditions in the RAN (radio access network). This paper analyses various QoE models for video delivered over a radio network (e.g. LTE (long term evolution)) using HAS (HTTP adaptive streaming). All QoE models analyzed are based on the HAS profiles constructed by intercepting the HTTP get messages. The performance of all optimally trained models is compared and the sensitivity of the models to unseen profiles, content and devices is investigated.
Temporal Trends, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Emergent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting for Acute Myocardial Infarction in the United States (2021)

Background There are limited contemporary data on the use of emergent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in acute myocardial infarction. Methods and Results Adult (aged >18 years) acute myocardial infarction admissions were identified using the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (2000-2017) and classified by tertiles of admission year. Outcomes of interest included temporal trends of CABG use; age-, sex-, and race-stratified trends in CABG use; in-hospital mortality; hospitalization costs; and hospital length of stay. Of the 11 622 528 acute myocardial infarction admissions, emergent CABG was performed in 1 071 156 (9.2%). CABG utilization decreased overall (10.5% [2000] to 8.7% [2017]; adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.98 [95% CI, 0.98-0.98]; <i>P</i><0.001), in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (10.2% [2000] to 5.2% [2017]; adjusted OR, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.95-0.95]; <i>P</i><0.001) and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (10.8% [2000] to 10.0% [2017]; adjusted OR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.99-0.99]; <i>P</i><0.001), with consistent age, sex, and race trends. In 2012 to 2017, compared with 2000 to 2005, admissions receiving emergent CABG were more likely to have non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (80.5% versus 56.1%), higher rates of noncardiac multiorgan failure (26.1% versus 8.4%), cardiogenic shock (11.5% versus 6.4%), and use of mechanical circulatory support (19.8% versus 18.7%). In-hospital mortality in CABG admissions decreased from 5.3% (2000) to 3.6% (2017) (adjusted OR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.88-0.89 [<i>P</i><0.001]) in the overall cohort, with similar temporal trends in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. An increase in lengths of hospital stay and hospitalization costs was seen over time. Conclusions Utilization of CABG has decreased substantially in acute myocardial infarction admissions, especially in patients with ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Despite an increase in acuity and multiorgan failure, in-hospital mortality consistently decreased in this population.
Image analysis for discrimination of cervical neoplasia (2000)

Colposcopy involves visual imaging of the cervix for patients who have exhibited some prior indication of abnormality, and the major goals are to visually inspect for any malignancies and to guide biopsy sampling. Currently colposcopy equipment is being upgraded in many health care centers to incorporate digital image acquisition and archiving. These permanent images can be analyzed for characteristic features and color patterns which may enhance the specificity and objectivity of the routine exam. In this study a series of images from patients with biopsy confirmed cervical intraepithelia neoplasia stage 2/3 are compared with images from patients with biopsy confirmed immature squamous metaplasia, with the goal of determining optimal criteria for automated discrimination between them. All images were separated into their red, green, and blue channels, and comparisons were made between relative intensity, intensity variation, spatial frequencies, fractal dimension, and Euler number. This study indicates that computer-based processing of cervical images can provide some discrimination of the type of tissue features which are important for clinical evaluation, with the Euler number being the most clinically useful feature to discriminate metaplasia from neoplasia. Also there was a strong indication that morphology observed in the blue channel of the image provided more information about epithelial cell changes. Further research in this field can lead to advances in computer-aided diagnosis as well as the potential for online image enhancement in digital colposcopy.
Vessel segmentation in 3D spectral OCT scans of the retina (2008)

The latest generation of spectral optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanners is able to image 3D cross-sectional volumes of the retina at a high resolution and high speed. These scans offer a detailed view of the structure of the retina. Automated segmentation of the vessels in these volumes may lead to more objective diagnosis of retinal vascular disease including hypertensive retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity. Additionally, vessel segmentation can allow color fundus images to be registered to these 3D volumes, possibly leading to a better understanding of the structure and localization of retinal structures and lesions. In this paper we present a method for automatically segmenting the vessels in a 3D OCT volume. First, the retina is automatically segmented into multiple layers, using simultaneous segmentation of their boundary surfaces in 3D. Next, a 2D projection of the vessels is produced by only using information from certain segmented layers. Finally, a supervised, pixel classification based vessel segmentation approach is applied to the projection image. We compared the influence of two methods for the projection on the performance of the vessel segmentation on 10 optic nerve head centered 3D OCT scans. The method was trained on 5 independent scans. Using ROC analysis, our proposed vessel segmentation system obtains an area under the curve of 0.970 when compared with the segmentation of a human observer.
Through silicon via to FinFET noise coupling in 3-D integrated circuits (2015)

High speed TSV signals can penetrate through the dielectric liner material, transfer in the silicon substrate and degrade the performance of FEOL devices. In this paper we investigate TSV noise coupling to active device including both FinFET and planar transistors. Calibrated TCAD models are used to perform time domain analysis and understand the mechanisms of substrate noise interaction with active device. Parametric simulations are performed in order to understand the tradeoffs among different design parameters. The results demonstrate superior substrate noise immunity of FinFETs over equivalent planar transistors. In addition we show that a scaled TSV diameter, a novel TSV architecture with thick polymer liner, placing the substrate contact closer to active device and a TSV guard ring helps to mitigate the TSV noise. Finally the importance of electromagnetic coupling effects on Keep Out Zone (KOZ) extraction is illustrated.
Palladium nanoparticles supported on carbon nanotubes from solventless preparations: versatile catalysts for ligand-free Suzuki cross coupling reactions (2013)

Palladium nanoparticles supported on single- or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (Pd/SWCNT and Pd/MWCNT) were prepared by a rapid, solventless method that does not require reducing agents or electric current. The method involves a straightforward process using dry mixing of a precursor Pd salt (e.g., palladium acetate) with carbon nanotubes at ambient temperature by ball-milling (mechanochemical route) or with subsequent annealing at 300 °C (thermal route) in an inert atmosphere. The Pd/MWCNT sample with Pd nanoparticle size of 1–3 nm and uniform dispersion prepared by mechanochemical ball-milling at room temperature [designated as (Pd/MWCNT)M] displayed remarkable catalytic activity towards Suzuki cross coupling reactions with a high turn over number (TON) of 7250 and turn over frequency (TOF) of 217 500 h−1. These nanoparticles were characterized by a variety of techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Additionally, the (Pd/MWCNT)M sample was successfully employed in Suzuki cross coupling reactions with a wide variety of functionalized substrates.