gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Picosecond electrical excitation of a two-dimensional electron gas (2004)

Ultrashort electrical pulses were used to characterize the magnetoplasmon resonance of a two-dimensional electron gas formed in an AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures at frequencies up to 400 gigahertz. This was accomplished by incorporating the sample into a guided wave probe operating in a dilution refrigerator. A bath temperature of 50mK was recorded during measurements, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach in other situations requiring high magnetic field and mK temperatures.
Influence of formic acid on electrochemical properties of high‐porosity Pt/TiN nanoparticle aggregates (2013)

Platinum‐deposited titanium nitride (Pt/TiN) nanoparticle aggregates with high porosities were successfully prepared via a self‐assembly‐assisted spray pyrolysis method. The addition of formic acid (HCOOH) had a significant influence on the process, promoting the simultaneous formation of metallic Pt and reduction on the surface of the TiN support material. Complete reduction of the Pt/TiN nanoparticle aggregates improved the catalytic activity. The electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of Pt/TiN with HCOOH (Pt/TiN w/HCOOH ) was 87.15 m 2 /g‐Pt, which was higher than that of Pt/TiN without HCOOH (Pt/TiN w/o‐HCOOH ). The catalytic durability of Pt/TiN w/HCOOH was twice that of Pt/TiN w/o‐HCOOH . An effective strategy for obtaining carbon‐free catalysts with high activities and durabilities was identified. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 59: 2753–2760, 2013
Repeatability of Perimacular Ganglion Cell Complex Analysis with Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2015)

Purpose. To assess the repeatability of spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to measure macular and perimacular ganglion cell complex thicknesses and compare retinal ganglion cell parameters between algorithms. Methods. Ninety-two nonglaucomatous eyes from 92 participants underwent macular and perimacular ganglion cell complex thickness measurement using OCT-HS100 Glaucoma 3D algorithm and these measurements were repeated for 34 subjects. All subjects also had macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thickness measured by Cirrus HD-OCT Ganglion Cell Analysis algorithm. Intraclass correlation coefficient and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed. Results. Subfields of both macular and perimacular ganglion cell complex thicknesses had high intraclass correlation coefficient values between 0.979 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.958-0.989) and 0.981 (95% CI: 0.963, 0.991) and between 0.70 (95% CI: 0.481-0.838) and 0.987 (95% CI: 0.956-0.989), respectively. The overall average ganglion cell complex and macular average ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknesses were strongly correlated (r = 0.83, P < 0.001). Conclusions. The assessment of macular and perimacular retinal ganglion cell parameters by OCT-HS100 Glaucoma 3D algorithm is highly repeatable, and strongly correlates to retinal ganglion cell parameters assessed by Ganglion Cell Analysis algorithm. A comprehensive evaluation of retinal ganglion cells may be possible with OCT-HS100.
Stacking in Colloidal Nanoplatelets: Tuning Excitonic Properties (2014)

Colloidal semiconductor quantum wells, also commonly known as nanoplatelets (NPLs), have arisen among the most promising materials for light generation and harvesting applications. Recently, NPLs have been found to assemble in stacks. However, their emerging characteristics essential to these applications have not been previously controlled or understood. In this report, we systematically investigate and present excitonic properties of controlled column-like NPL assemblies. Here, by a controlled gradual process, we show that stacking in colloidal quantum wells substantially increases exciton transfer and trapping. As NPLs form into stacks, surprisingly we find an order of magnitude decrease in their photoluminescence quantum yield, while the transient fluorescence decay is considerably accelerated. These observations are corroborated by ultraefficient Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in the stacked NPLs, in which exciton migration is estimated to be in the ultralong range (>100 nm). Homo-FRET (i.e., FRET among the same emitters) is found to be ultraefficient, reaching levels as high as 99.9% at room temperature owing to the close-packed collinear orientation of the NPLs along with their large extinction coefficient and small Stokes shift, resulting in a large Förster radius of ∼13.5 nm. Consequently, the strong and long-range homo-FRET boosts exciton trapping in nonemissive NPLs, acting as exciton sink centers, quenching photoluminescence from the stacked NPLs due to rapid nonradiative recombination of the trapped excitons. The rate-equation-based model, which considers the exciton transfer and the radiative and nonradiative recombination within the stacks, shows an excellent match with the experimental data. These results show the critical significance of stacking control in NPL solids, which exhibit completely different signatures of homo-FRET as compared to that in colloidal nanocrystals due to the absence of inhomogeneous broadening.
<title>New approach to the focus exposure matrix (FEM) sample measurement using CD-SEM</title> (2000)

Besides feature size control of advanced semiconductor device manufacturing, critical dimension (CD) measurement SEMs are also indispensable tools for the development of advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment or new semiconductor manufacturing materials. Especially in the case of advanced stepper and resist development for ultra micro patterns where the role of CD-SEMs is particularly important for evaluation specific samples, such as focus exposure matrix (FEM). An FEM sample is a wafer that has hundreds to thousands of patterns created with varying resist exposure dosage and Stepper focuses. As a result, the pattern shape and the line width vary dramatically within one wafer and the number of CD-SEM measurement points necessary to evaluate such FEM samples also increases drastically with decreasing semiconductor design rules. Thus, a CD-SEM that can measure FEM samples with high throughput and high reliability is strongly desired. For this purpose Hitachi has developed a new pattern detection algorithm. This algorithm detects a target and judges the quality of the actual pattern by using criteria similar to those a human operator might use when measuring the sample. With this method implemented on a Hitachi CD-SEM S-9200 we achieved a highly automated, fast and accurate measurement of FEM samples on which conventional algorithms failed.
Potential of a Mechanical Fully-Variable Valve Train. Results of Simulated and Actual Engine Operation for the New UniValve System (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The mechanical fully variable valve lift system UniValve represents one of the new technical solutions for a throttle free load control for combustion engines. The load control is achieved by the variation of the valve lift and the simultaneous variation of the opening and closing time. The design of the system has as result a simple layout with a valve train component assembly that leads to a compact integration into conventional cylinder heads. In addition to the first results presented at the SAE Congress 2004 this paper provides the results of the fired engine and the valve train operation on the component test bench. Furthermore the potentials of the throttle free load control with the UniValve system in comparison to a conventional throttle engine operation with the same engine type are pointed out. Perspectives for the application in an four cylinder engine are given.&lt;/div&gt;
Advanced Immunization Technologies for Next Generation Vaccines (2020)

Advanced immunization technologies, including adjuvants, vectors and prime-boost combinations, have the potential to make an enormous contribution in the development of next generation vaccines. New technologies and big data analysis, including genomics and systems biology, are fueling advances in our understanding of human immunology, transforming the old field of vaccinology and shaping the future of medicine. The High Impact Project ADITEC (Advanced Immunization Technologies, www.aditecproject.eu) funded through the 7th Framework Programme for Research and Innovation of the European Union, has catalyzed scientists from 42 institutions in 13 European countries and USA. ADITEC has made significant advances in the development of novel immunization technologies, adjuvants, vectors and delivery systems, formulations and vaccination methods optimized for different age groups. The project has successfully conducted 12 clinical trials studied through a systems biology approach. Through the ADITEC’s continual success and achievement, 220 scientific publications in international peer-reviewed journals have been produced to date. The aim of this Research Topic is to assemble a series of reviews and original research articles, which highlight the advances made by the ADITEC project in the development of advanced immunization technologies and in the study of human vaccine immune responses through the latest generation methodologies.
Planar Meta-Optics (2013)

The control of phase plays a fundamental role in wave propagation. Metasurfaces (thin metamaterial layers) can introduce an additional spatially non-uniform phase in the incoming wave, thereby affecting its propagating characteristics. A metasurface consisting a plasmonic nano-antenna array can introduce an abrupt phase discontinuity at the interface and therefore have unparalleled wave-front control over the incident light. We experimentally demonstrate a computer generated hologram operating at a visible wavelength by a metasurface consisting of Babinet-inverted nano-antennas perforated on a 30-nm-thick gold film. Micrometer-sized metasurface lenses (metalenses) are made with the same technique.
High-performance coherent optical communication system (1989)

The letter reports a high-performance FSK. coherent optical communication system operating at 200Mbit/s at a wavelength of 1.53μm. The received optical power needed to obtain a BER of 10−9 is equal to −57.2dBm or 74photons/ bit, which is 1.7 dB from the shot noise limit The result is obtained using monolithic frequency-tunable lasers and a high-sensitivity balanced photoreceiver.
PRIMARY OSTEONECROSIS OF THE HUMERUS AND PROSTHESIS SURGERY: FACTORS AFFECTING OUTCOME (2004)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors affecting outcome after prosthesis implantation for osteonecrosis of the humerus in order to ascertain details concerning the indications for humerus or total prostheses in this condition. Material and methods: Forty-seven women and 27 men, mean age 57 years with osteonecrosis of the humerus underwent surgery for implantation of 80 shoulder prostheses. According to the Arlet and Ficat classification as modified by Cruess there were five grade II, fifteen grade III, 41 grade IV and fourteen grade V shoulders, with five unclassifiable shoulders. there were 14 supraspinatus tears and five infraspinatus tears. The 26 total shoulder prostheses and 54 humeral prostheses were reviewed at a mean 47 months follow-up. Pre-operative x-rays were available for 65 shoulders and postoperative x-rays for 58. Results: The subjective outcome was considered good irrespective of the grade (very satisfied 60%, satisfied 30%, dissatisfied 4%). The mean postoperative Constant score was 70 ± 15. The preoperative score was lower for more advanced disease but the difference was not significant at postoperative assessment. The total prosthesis provided better results in grade V shoulders and the hemiprosthesis in grade II and III shoulders. The result of the humeral prostheses depended on the grade of necrosis. The postoperative Constant score was lower for advanced necrosis with lower scores for motion, force and pain (which was not influenced by age). At last follow-up, 31% of the x-rays revealed a significant narrowing of the glenoid-head space. The clinical outcome was significantly less satisfactory for all Constant scores. Rotator cuff tears, preoperative stiffness favoured glenoid wear. Tears of both cuff tendons led to poor outcome. Bone collapse with impaction of the head into the glenoid and medialisation of the humerus was a significant factor predictive of less satisfactory outcome. Discussion: The grade of necrosis is a determining factor for indications for humerus or total shoulder arthroplasty for the treatment of osteonecrosis. Our objective results lead us to recommend a humeral prosthesis for grade II and III patients and a total shoulder arthroplasty for grade V patients. For grade IV patients, the choice depends on patient age, shoulder stiffness, the status of the cuff, and most importantly, collapsus of the head of the humerus with impaction-medialisation of the humerus.
ChemInform Abstract: Time‐Resolved Spectroscopy of Carbene‐Pyridene Ylides: Distinguishing Carbenes from Diazirine Excited States (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Normalized Gradient with Adaptive Stepsize Method for Deep Neural Network Training. (2017)

In this paper, we propose a generic and simple algorithmic framework for first order optimization. The framework essentially contains two consecutive steps in each iteration: 1) computing and normalizing the mini-batch stochastic gradient; 2) selecting adaptive step size to update the decision variable (parameter) towards the negative of the normalized gradient. We show that the proposed approach, when customized to the popular adaptive stepsize methods, such as AdaGrad, can enjoy a sublinear convergence rate, if the objective is convex. We also conduct extensive empirical studies on various non-convex neural network optimization problems, including multi layer perceptron, convolution neural networks and recurrent neural networks. The results indicate the normalized gradient with adaptive step size can help accelerate the training of neural networks. In particular, significant speedup can be observed if the networks are deep or the dependencies are long.
PERCUTANEOUS CHOLECYSTOSTOMY UNDER ULTRASOUND GUIDANCE IN PIGS (1991)

Mahon, T. G. MB. F.R.C.R.; Fornage, B. M.D.; Eftekhari, F. M.D.; Wright, K. C. Ph.D. Author Information
Remote Cardiac Monitoring in Patients With Heart Failure (2021)

This review summarizes the major clinical trials on RCM in patients with HF and present the most recent developments in noninvasive and invasive RCM technologies.
A novel histone deacetylase pathway regulates mitosis by modulating Aurora B kinase activity (2006)

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors perturb the cell cycle and have great potential as anti-cancer agents, but their mechanism of action is not well established. HDACs classically function as repressors of gene expression, tethered to sequence-specific transcription factors. Here we report that HDAC3 is a critical, transcription-independent regulator of mitosis. HDAC3 forms a complex with A-Kinase-Anchoring Proteins AKAP95 and HA95, which are targeted to mitotic chromosomes. Deacetylation of H3 in mitosis requires AKAP95/HA95 and HDAC3 and provides a hypoacetylated H3 tail that is the preferred substrate for Aurora B kinase. Phosphorylation of H3S10 by Aurora B leads to dissociation of HP1 proteins from methylated H3K9 residues on mitotic heterochromatin. This transcription-independent pathway, involving interdependent changes in histone modification and protein association, is required for normal progression through mitosis and is an unexpected target of HDAC inhibitors, a class of drugs currently in clinical trials for treating cancer.
Real Time Indirect Nanoplasmonic in Situ Spectroscopy of Catalyst Nanoparticle Sintering (2012)

Catalyst deactivation by sintering significantly reduces productivity and energy efficiency of the chemical industry and the effectiveness of environmental cleanup processes. It also hampers the introduction of novel energy conversion devices such as fuel cells. The use of experimental techniques that allow the scrutiny of sintering in situ at high temperatures and pressures in reactive environments is a key to alleviate this situation. Today, such techniques are, however, lacking. Here, we demonstrate by monitoring the sintering kinetics of a Pt/SiO2 model catalyst under such conditions in real time that indirect nanoplasmonic sensing (INPS) has the potential to fill this gap. Specifically, we show an unambiguous correlation between the optical response of the INPS sensor and catalyst sintering. The obtained data are analyzed by means of a kinetic model accounting for the particle-size-dependent activation energy of the Pt detachment. Ostwald ripening is identified as the main sintering mechanism.
A new simulation of multi-state fading channels (2003)

We have developed a computer simulation for a new multi-state fading channel model. Multi-state models can yield more accurate fading amplitude time series than can single state models. Our initial multi-state model is aimed at mobile satellite channels. We use the simulation to verify a new multi-state model, but the simulator can be used for general-purpose simulation of any multi- (or single-) state fading model. We validate this simulation against both theory and measured data, using the second-order statistics of average fade duration and level crossing rate.
Piezoelectrically-acutated opto-acoustic oscillator (2015)

This paper describes the implementation of an opto-acoustic oscillator with the use of an integrated piezoelectrically-driven acousto-optic intensity modulator in aluminum nitride. Optical output collected from on-chip grating couplers is converted into the electrical domain via an avalanche photodiode, and used to drive the modulator by providing an input to its RF probing pads. Oscillation is observed at 35.2 MHz and 652.8 MHz, corresponding to peaks in the forward transmission of the modulator. An initial phase noise of -72 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset from the 652.8 MHz carrier is recorded, with a large contribution from thermal noise in the amplifier chain. Some proposals for future improvements in phase noise performance are provided.
McFly: Time-Travel Debugging for the Web (2018)

Time-traveling debuggers offer the promise of simplifying debugging by letting developers freely step forwards and backwards through a program's execution. However, web applications present multiple challenges that make time-travel debugging especially difficult. A time-traveling debugger for web applications must accurately reproduce all network interactions, asynchronous events, and visual states observed during the original execution, both while stepping forwards and backwards. This must all be done in the context of a complex and highly multithreaded browser runtime. At the same time, to be practical, a time-traveling debugger must maintain interactive speeds. This paper presents McFly, the first time-traveling debugger for web applications. McFly departs from previous approaches by operating on a high-level representation of the browser's internal state. This approach lets McFly provide accurate time-travel debugging - maintaining JavaScript and visual state in sync at all times - at interactive speeds. McFly's architecture is browser-agnostic, building on web standards supported by all major browsers. We have implemented McFly as an extension to the Microsoft Edge web browser, and core parts of McFly have been integrated into a time-traveling debugger product from Microsoft.
Cholinergic white matter pathways along the Alzheimer's disease continuum (2022)

Previous studies have shown that the cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert and its white matter projections are affected in Alzheimer's disease dementia and mild cognitive impairment. However, it is still unknown whether these alterations can be found in individuals with subjective cognitive decline, and whether they are more pronounced than changes found in conventional brain volumetric measurements. To address these questions, we investigated microstructural alterations of two major cholinergic pathways in individuals along the Alzheimer's disease continuum using an in vivo model of the human cholinergic system based on neuroimaging. We included 402 participants (52 Alzheimer's disease, 66 mild cognitive impairment, 172 subjective cognitive decline and 112 healthy controls) from the Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen Longitudinal Cognitive Impairment and Dementia Study. We modelled the cholinergic white matter pathways with an enhanced diffusion neuroimaging pipeline that included probabilistic fibre-tracking methods and prior anatomical knowledge. The integrity of the cholinergic white matter pathways was compared between stages of the Alzheimer's disease continuum, in the whole cohort and in a CSF amyloid-beta stratified subsample. The discriminative power of the integrity of the pathways was compared to the conventional volumetric measures of hippocampus and nucleus basalis of Meynert, using a receiver operating characteristics analysis. A multivariate model was used to investigate the role of these pathways in relation to cognitive performance. We found that the integrity of the cholinergic white matter pathways was significantly reduced in all stages of the Alzheimer's disease continuum, including individuals with subjective cognitive decline. The differences involved posterior cholinergic white matter in the subjective cognitive decline stage and extended to anterior frontal white matter in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease dementia stages. Both cholinergic pathways and conventional volumetric measures showed higher predictive power in the more advanced stages of the disease, i.e. mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease dementia. In contrast, the integrity of cholinergic pathways was more informative in distinguishing subjective cognitive decline from healthy controls, as compared with the volumetric measures. The multivariate model revealed a moderate contribution of the cholinergic white matter pathways but not of volumetric measures towards memory tests in the subjective cognitive decline and mild cognitive impairment stages. In conclusion, we demonstrated that cholinergic white matter pathways are altered already in subjective cognitive decline individuals, preceding the more widespread alterations found in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. The integrity of the cholinergic pathways identified the early stages of Alzheimer's disease better than conventional volumetric measures such as hippocampal volume or volume of cholinergic nucleus basalis of Meynert.