gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Enantiopure Tricarbonyl(indan‐1,2‐dione)chromium (2005)

Abstract A multistep synthesis of the planar chiral tricarbonyl(η 6 ‐indan‐1,2‐dione)chromium, based on acetal protection of the keto groups, is presented. Since common deacetalization procedures failed, an oxidative deprotection with triphenylcarbenium tetrafluoroborate was used. Tricarbonyl(η 6 ‐indan‐1,2‐dione)chromium is regarded as a potential precursor for dianionic oxy‐Cope rearrangements upon alkenyllithium diaddition. As an unexpected side product in the synthesis, an indan‐1,2‐dione complex with a triphenylmethyl substituent at C‐3 was obtained. Attempts directed towards the formation of enantiomerically pure material include the first reported investigation into an enantioselective ketone reduction with two methoxy substituents present in the α position. Although enantiomeric excesses of up to 84.5 % were achieved, the chemical yields decreased with increasing ee . A classical resolution was therefore undertaken, giving access to the enantiomerically pure title compound (99.4 % ee ). The absolute configuration was verified by an X‐ray structure analysis of an intermediate. First experiments concerning the alkenyllithium addition showed that a single addition is possible while a second one does not occur, presumably due to enolate formation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Bardet‐Biedl Sydrome (BBS) proteins play a role in Centrosome Amplification (2010)

Many cancers result from mitotic or apoptotic abnormalities. We and others have previously shown that BBS proteins are involved in centrosome organization and regulation. We observed centrosomal clusters in renal epithelial primary cells obtained from BBS mutant mice. Along with the extra centrosomes, we observed a marked increase in the amount of gamma‐tubulin in BBS renal epithelial cells compared to wild type controls. It was unclear if these phenomena were related to the cell culture or a hallmark of BBS mutations. Therefore, we compared BBS mutant and wild type primary renal epithelial cells in culture with kidney sections of the same mice. Although the culture of cells exacerbates the phenotype, we demonstrate a definitive increase in centrosome number within cells in fixed kidneys obtained from BBS mutant mice as compared to wild type controls. We hypothesize that BBS proteins are involved in the regulation or transport of proteins destined for proteosome degradation. Specifically targeting cancer cells with multiple centrosomes presents a viable and novel therapy. Confirming BBS proteins role in centrosome regulation may help to better understand tumorigenesis. This work was supported by the NIH and HHMI.
Metal‐Mediated Reactivity in the Organic Solid State: From Self‐Assembled Complexes to Metal—Organic Frameworks (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Thin film characterization for modeling and optimization of silver-dielectric color filters (2014)

We investigate the most appropriate way to optically characterize the materials and predict the spectral responses of metal-dielectric filters in the visible range. Special attention is given to thin silver layers that have a major impact on the filter's spectral transmittance and reflectance. Two characterization approaches are compared, based either on single layers, or on multilayer stacks, in approaching the filter design. The second approach is preferred, because it gives the best way to predict filter characteristics. Meanwhile, it provides a stack model and dispersion relations that can be used for filter design optimization.
Analysis of frequency-hopped spread-spectrum multiple-access with M-ary FSK over a Rayleigh fading channel (2002)

Frequency-hopped spread-spectrum multiple-access with M-ary FSK over a Rayleigh fading channel is considered. An explicit expression for the symbol error probability as a function of M, the number of users, the number of sub-bands and the SNR is derived. This is used to compare the performance of different block codes, i.e., binary BCH codes, non-binary BCH codes and RS codes. In particular, the codeword error probability as a function of the spectral efficiency is presented for codes of different rates and with different modulation formats.
Cyber Range Infrastructure Limitations and Needs of Tomorrow: A Position Paper. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Supplemental Table 3 from Identification of Anti-CA125 Antibody Responses in Ovarian Cancer Patients by a Novel Deep Sequence–Coupled Biopanning Platform (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 3. Demographics and clinical characteristics of the study patients (n=100).&lt;/p&gt;
Copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride and acrylic acid in supercritical carbon dioxide (2009)

Abstract The free‐radical copolymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and acrylic acid (AA) was carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide using both precipitation and dispersion techniques in the presence of an ammonium carboxylate perfluoropolyether compound. Formation of a copolymer was confirmed by variable contact time CP MAS NMR spectroscopy. Macromolecular matrices were significantly enriched in AA with respect to the initial feed composition and we found that the nonfluorinated monomer has a much higher reactivity ratio with respect to VDF. The cumulative concentration, crystallinity, and water affinity of the synthesized copolymers could be modified changing the initial feed composition, the density of the polymerization mixture, the specific interfacial area of the polymer phase, and the polymerization time. The solubility of the macromolecular product in water was greatly affected by its composition. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 48: 109–121, 2010
Detection of Fulleroid Sites in Fullerene-60 by High-Resolution Solid-State 1H NMR (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection of Fulleroid Sites in Fullerene-60 by High-Resolution Solid-State 1H NMRWaclaw Kolodziejski, Avelino Corma, Jamie Barras, and Jacek KlinowskiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 10, 3365–3370Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100010a055https://doi.org/10.1021/j100010a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Goal-Directed Occupancy Prediction for Lane-Following Actors (2020)

Predicting the possible future behaviors of vehicles that drive on shared roads is a crucial task for safe autonomous driving. Many existing approaches to this problem strive to distill all possible vehicle behaviors into a simplified set of high-level actions. However, these action categories do not suffice to describe the full range of maneuvers possible in the complex road networks we encounter in the real world. To combat this deficiency, we propose a new method that leverages the mapped road topology to reason over possible goals and predict the future spatial occupancy of dynamic road actors. We show that our approach is able to accurately predict future occupancy that remains consistent with the mapped lane geometry and naturally captures multi-modality based on the local scene context while also not suffering from the mode collapse problem observed in prior work.
Message-Passing Estimation from Quantized Samples (2011)

Estimation of a vector from quantized linear measurements is a common problem for which simple linear techniques are suboptimal -- sometimes greatly so. This paper develops generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithms for minimum mean-squared error estimation of a random vector from quantized linear measurements, notably allowing the linear expansion to be overcomplete or undercomplete and the scalar quantization to be regular or non-regular. GAMP is a recently-developed class of algorithms that uses Gaussian approximations in belief propagation and allows arbitrary separable input and output channels. Scalar quantization of measurements is incorporated into the output channel formalism, leading to the first tractable and effective method for high-dimensional estimation problems involving non-regular scalar quantization. Non-regular quantization is empirically demonstrated to greatly improve rate-distortion performance in some problems with oversampling or with undersampling combined with a sparsity-inducing prior. Under the assumption of a Gaussian measurement matrix with i.i.d. entries, the asymptotic error performance of GAMP can be accurately predicted and tracked through the state evolution formalism. We additionally use state evolution to design MSE-optimal scalar quantizers for GAMP signal reconstruction and empirically demonstrate the superior error performance of the resulting quantizers.
REGEN-COV Antibody Cocktail Clinical Outcomes Study in Covid-19 Outpatients (2021)

ABSTRACT Background REGEN-COV antibody cocktail (casirivimab with imdevimab) rapidly reduced viral load and decreased medically-attended visits in the phase 1/2 portion of this trial; REGEN-COV, retains activity in vitro against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Methods The phase 3 portion of this adaptive, randomized, master protocol, included 4,057 Covid-19 outpatients with one or more risk factors for severe disease. Patients were randomized to a single treatment of intravenous placebo, or various doses of REGEN-COV, and followed for 28 days. The prespecified hierarchical analysis first compared REGEN-COV 2400mg dose vs concurrent placebo, then compared the 1200mg dose vs concurrent placebo, for endpoints assessing risk of hospitalization or death, and time to symptom resolution. Safety was evaluated in all treated patients. Results Both REGEN-COV 2400mg and 1200mg significantly reduced Covid-19-related hospitalization or all-cause death compared to placebo (71.3% reduction [1.3% vs 4.6%; p&lt;0.0001] and 70.4% reduction [1.0% vs 3.2%; p=0.0024], respectively). The median time to resolution of Covid-19 symptoms was 4 days shorter in both dose arms vs placebo (10 vs 14 days; p&lt;0.0001). Efficacy of REGEN-COV was consistent across subgroups, including patients who were SARS-CoV-2 serum antibody-positive at baseline. REGEN-COV more rapidly reduced viral load than placebo. Serious adverse events occurred more frequently in the placebo group (4.0%) than in the 1200mg (1.1%) and 2400mg (1.3%) groups and grade ≥2 infusion-related reactions were infrequent (&lt;0.3% in all groups). Conclusions Treatment with REGEN-COV was well-tolerated and significantly reduced Covid-19-related hospitalization or all-cause death, rapidly resolved symptoms, and reduced viral load. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and the Biomedical and Advanced Research and Development Authority of the Department of Health and Human Services; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04425629 .)
40‐5: Invited Paper: High Frame‐Rate 1” WUXGA OLED Microdisplay and Advanced Free‐Form Optics for Ultra‐Compact VR Headsets (2018)

This paper describes two key components for VR: optics and high‐resolution microdisplay. Within the European‐funded project LOMID a new microdisplay with WUXGA resolution for an ultra‐compact optics has been developed. The new optics enables very high resolution VR by using four WUXGA displays at the same time in a particularly compact design.
Clock net optimization using active shielding (2004)

We propose the use of active shields, which are shield wires that are switched concurrently with the signal wire, to improve performance and reduce inductive ringing for RLC wires. This technique significantly reduces ringing behaviour (up to 4.5/spl times/) and offers better slopes (up to 40% reduction) and signal propagation delays than the traditional (passive) shielding approach, all of which are shown in the context of a clock net optimization.
P2YAC−‐receptor agonists enhance the proliferation of rat C6 glioma cells through activation of the p42/44 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (2001)

1. Extracellularly added P(1),P(3)-di(adenosine-5') triphosphate (Ap(3)A), P(1),P(4)-di(adenosine-5') tetraphosphate (Ap(4)A), ATP, ADP, AMP and adenosine are growth inhibitory for rat C6 glioma cells. Analysis of nucleotide hydrolysis and the use of nucleotidase inhibitors demonstrated that the latter inhibition is due to hydrolysis of the nucleotides to adenosine. 2. Agonists of the P2Y(AC)(-)-receptor enhance the growth of C6 cells if their hydrolysis to adenosine is inhibited by pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS). In these conditions, the potency to stimulate cell growth parallels the ranking of the receptor agonists, i.e. 2-methylthioadenosine-5'-diphosphate (2MeSADP)>Ap(3)A>Ap(4)A. ATP and ADP are still hydrolysed in the presence of PPADS and have no proliferative effect on C6 cells. 3. The enhanced growth is due to a P2Y(AC)(-)-receptor-mediated activation of p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) as shown by immunoblotting and protein kinase assays for active MAPK and the use of the MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor PD98059. 4. The UTP-induced enhancement of the growth of C6 cells is due to activation of MAPK by a PPADS sensitive nucleotide receptor. 5. In conclusion, the effect of nucleotides on the growth of C6 cells is determined by ecto-nucleotidases and by activation of nucleotide receptors. Hydrolysis of nucleotides to adenosine induces growth inhibition while inhibition of the hydrolysis of agonists of the P2Y(AC)(-)-receptor enhances cell growth by activation of MAPK.
Directed Dihydroxylation of Cyclic Allylic Alcohols and Trichloroacetamides Using OsO4/TMEDA (2002)

The oxidation of a range of cyclic allylic alcohols and amides with OsO4/TMEDA is presented. Under these conditions, hydrogen bonding control leads to the (contrasteric) formation of the syn isomer in almost every example that was examined. Evidence for the bidentate binding of TMEDA to OsO4 is presented and a plausible mechanism described.
BGA packaging process for a device made by minimal fab (2017)

We have developed a novel packaging tool-set of 13 machines to support continuous manufacturing process from a half-inch wafer process line until ready to be used. The packaging tools are made under minimal fab standard so that a half-inch wafer can be attached on a metal-substrate without dicing. The method that we employed is a BGA (Ball Grid Array)-type solder array which consists of following processes; a compression molding, a laser via, a copper redistribution layer (RDL) patterning, a solder-ball mounting, and a reflow. The development of each machine process and the total packaging process integration has been carried out. In this paper, we introduce a BGA packaging result using only our newly developed tools.
Efficient polymerization and post-modification of N-substituted eight-membered cyclic carbonates containing allyl groups (2018)

Aliphatic polycarbonates are promising materials in the biomedical field due to their low toxicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability.
Progress of photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers and their scalability for single-mode operation (2022)

We describe the recent progress of PCSELs and discuss their scalability, where we show that single-mode oscillation over circular areas of up to 3mm (and even 10mm) in diameter is possible by controlling not only Hermitian but also non-Hermitian optical couplings inside a photonic crystal with a double-lattice structure.
Fabrication and characteristics of high‐power multijunction LEDs using GaN‐on‐Si technologies (2016)

GaN‐based multijunction light‐emitting diodes (MJ‐LEDs) capable of operating at high voltage and high power were fabricated. The device structure of the MJ‐LEDs was based on a thin‐film flip‐chip LED and consisted of several junctions connected in series. High‐voltage operation and uniform electroluminescence were achieved in the MJ‐LEDs whose chip size was from 1.5 to 2.5‐mm‐square. Under a driving power of 5.8 W, the light output power of a 12‐junction LED was over 3.1 W with encapsulation. A white lamp based on the MJ‐LED and a YAG:Ce phosphor exhibited a luminous efficacy of 111 lm W −1 in 6.1 W operations when the stage temperature was 85 °C.
Evaluating the Overall Image Quality of Hardcopy Output. (1998)

This paper addresses the need for a manageable method of evaluating the overall image quality of hardcopy output from printer systems so that the systems can be compared in a meaningful way. Image quality metrics are widely used and are very objective, but are unsuitable for this purpose because there is no good way of extracting overall image quality from the large number of possible metrics. On the other hand, preference measurements do provide information on overall image quality in a customer-relevant form but are notoriously subjective. Moreover, it is difficult to extract from them information needed for engineering improvements, since preference can be severely impacted by poor performance on a single attribute. In this paper, a comprehensive high-level set of image quality attributes is introduced for the purpose of evaluating overall image quality. An example of such a set of attributes is proposed and discussed.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus among women with normal cervical cytology in Kuwait (2011)

This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and type specific distribution of human papillomavirus (HPV) in women with normal cervical cytology in Kuwait. The study is the first of its type in Kuwait and one of few in the Middle East. The age specific distribution of HPV types was determined in 3,011 ThinPrep samples taken from women seeking routine gynaecological care. ThinPrep samples were screened for HPV DNA by real-time PCR. The type specific distribution of the viruses was determined by PCR-based sequencing. The results showed that HPV DNA was detected in 71 women (2.4%), and 21 different HPV genotypes were detected, comprising eight high-risk (HR) (16, 31, 33, 53, 56, 58, 66, and 73), seven low-risk (LR) (6, 11, 54, 61, 70, 81, and 90), four intermediate-risk (IR) (67, 82, 83, and 84) and HPV 102 and HPV 106. LR HPV types were found in 71.8% of infected samples, HR types in 32.3%, and IR types in 7%. With regard to age, 40.8% of all HPVs were found in women 30-39 years of age, 29.6% in women 40-49 years of age, 19.7% in women over 50 years and 9.9% in women less than 34 years old. The study shows that the prevalence of HPV infection in Kuwait is among the lowest in the world and suggests that HPV vaccine could prevent the development of HPV associated cervical cancer in 1.39% of young females living in Kuwait. However, more extensive population-based studies should be undertaken before implementing HPV vaccination.
Learn to Grasp with Less Supervision: A Data-Efficient Maximum Likelihood Grasp Sampling Loss (2022)

Robotic grasping for a diverse set of objects is essential in many robot manipulation tasks. One promising approach is to learn deep grasping models from large training datasets of object images and grasp labels. However, empirical grasping datasets are typically sparsely labeled (i.e., a small number of successful grasp labels <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*</sup> *Labels refer to marking the image to indicate a successful robotic grasp. in each image). The data sparsity issue can lead to insufficient supervision and false-negative labels, and thus results in poor learning results. This paper proposes a Maximum Likelihood Grasp Sampling Loss (MLGSL) to tackle the data sparsity issue. The proposed method supposes that successful grasps are stochastically sampled from the predicted grasp distribution and maximizes the observing likelihood. MLGSL is utilized for training a fully convolutional network that generates thousands of grasps simultaneously. Training results suggest that models based on MLGSL can learn to grasp with datasets composing of 2 labels per image. Compared to previous works, which require training datasets of 16 labels per image, MLGSL is 8× more data-efficient. Meanwhile, physical robot experiments demonstrate an equivalent performance at a 90.7% grasp success rate on household objects. Codes and videos are available at [1].
Chapter 8. Gold as a Selective Oxidation Catalyst (2011)

In recent years, catalysis by gold has become and extensively researched field and regularly new discoveries are reported. It is a major change in fortune for a metal long considered to be nonreactive. In this chapter the background information concerning gold as an active catalyst, together with the use of supported gold nanoparticles for the selective catalytic oxidation of alcohols and alkenes will be described to provide an introduction into the fascinating topic of catalysis by gold.
Magnetosonic wave generation by super-Alfvénic ion ring propagation in plasma (1989)

A weakly diamagnetic rotating proton beam propagating at about four times the Alfvén speed along a magnetized hydrogen plasma column generated magnetosonic waves when the beam rise time was less than about three radial Alfvén transit times. The waves were collisionally damped and the damping increased as the induced cross-field plasma current became stronger. Our beam and plasma conditions suggest that the damping is due to an enhanced collision frequency resulting from a modified two-stream instability.
Melody Description and Extraction in the Context of Music Content Processing (2003)

A huge amount of audio data is accessible to everyone by on-line or off-line information services and it is necessary to develop techniques to automatically describe and deal with this data in a meaningful way. In the particular context of music content processing it is important to take into account the melodic aspects of the sound. The goal of this article is to review the different techniques proposed for melodic description and extraction. Some ideas around the concept of melody are first presented. Then, an overview of the different ways of describing melody is done. As a third step, an analysis of the methods proposed for melody extraction is made, including pitch detection algorithms. Finally, techniques for melodic pattern induction and matching are also studied, and some useful melodic transformations are reviewed.