gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of glucose/xylose cofermentation of poplar hydrolysates processed by different pretreatment technologies (2009)

The inhibitory effects of furfural and acetic acid on the fermentation of xylose and glucose to ethanol in YEPDX medium by a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain (LNH-ST 424A) were investigated. Initial furfural concentrations below 5 g/L caused negligible inhibition to glucose and xylose consumption rates in batch fermentations with high inoculum (4.5-6.0 g/L). At higher initial furfural concentrations (10-15 g/L) the inhibition became significant with xylose consumption rates especially affected. Interactive inhibition between acetic acid and pH were observed and quantified, and the results suggested the importance of conditioning the pH of hydrolysates for optimal fermentation performance. Poplar biomass pretreated by various CAFI processes (dilute acid, AFEX, ARP, SO(2)-catalyzed steam explosion, and controlled-pH) under respective optimal conditions was enzymatically hydrolyzed, and the mixed sugar streams in the hydrolysates were fermented. The 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) and furfural concentrations were low in all hydrolysates and did not pose negative effects on fermentation. Maximum ethanol productivity showed that 0-6.2 g/L initial acetic acid does not substantially affect the ethanol fermentation with proper pH adjustment, confirming the results from rich media fermentations with reagent grade sugars.
Effects of okadaic acid on the activities of two distinct phosphatidate phosphohydrolases in rat hepatocytes (1992)

Incubation of hepatocytes with okadaic acid displaced the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive phosphatidate phosphohydrolase from the membrane fraction into the cytosol and partially prevented the oleate-induced movement of phosphohydrolase from cytosol to membranes. However, higher concentrations of oleate still caused translocation and activation of the phosphohydrolase. This enzyme is stimulated by Mg2+, and is probably involved in glycerolipid synthesis. Okadaic acid also decreased the concentration of diacylglycerol within the hepatocytes. Okadiac acid had no observable effect on the activity of an N-ethylmaleimide-insensitive phosphatidate phosphohydrolase which remained firmly attached to membranes. This activity is not stimulated by Mg2+ and is probably involved in signal transduction by the phospholipase D pathway.
Ultrafast all-optical logic operations in a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer with two pump pulses (1991)

Ultrafast all-optical logic gates may be important in future ultrafast and highly advanced telecommunication systems. A number of all-optical logic gates have been demonstrated in the past few years.1-3 Here we report on ultrafast highly stable all-optical logic operations, including inversion, AND, XOR, and XOR ¯, in a nonlinear Sagnac interferometer with two pump pulses at multigigabit-per-second operation for the first time.
Phase Locking of a Tunable OEO to an Optical Frequency Comb for Microwave Synthesis from an Optical Reference (2019)

Microwave synthesis, from DC to 100 GHz, from an optical reference will greatly aid a wide range of applications. Higher spectral purity signals can allow longer coherence times in very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) for radioastronomy and the realization of an optical timescale. Here, we present the synthesis of ultra-high stability tunable microwave signals via phase locking of an OEO to a fiber comb using the intermodal RF comb generated by the fiber comb as a stepped precision microwave reference. This scheme allows the tunable OEO to be referenced to an optical signal, such as an optical clock. The experimental setup is shown in Figure 1(a). The tunable OEO, extensively described in ref [3], is mixed with the microwave harmonics of a photodetected 80 MHz optical pulse train generated with a femtosecond oscillator. The combined RF spectrum is shown in Figure 1(b) where the OEO scans along the harmonics of the femtosecond oscillator. An intermediate frequency, carrying the differential phase noise between the OEO and the microwave harmonic is detected (see Figure 1(c)). This intermediate frequency can be phase locked to any frequency between DC and 40 MHz (frep/2) by driving DDS1 with a user-defined divisor. We keep the repetition rate under 100 MHz to not use DDS1 at high frequency to not limit the synthesis (as opposed to ref [4]).
Pseudo-random Trajectory Scanning Suppresses Motion Artifacts on Gadoxetic Acid-enhanced Hepatobiliary-phase Magnetic Resonance Images (2019)

At gadoxetic acid-enhanced hepatobiliary-phase imaging, p-HBP scanning suppressed motion artifacts and yielded better image quality than c-HBP scanning.
New Latex Bead Agglutination Assay for Differential Diagnosis of Cattle Infected withMycobacterium bovisandMycobacterium aviumsubsp.paratuberculosis (2004)

Extensive studies have shown that the current assays used to identify cattle infected with Mycobacterium bovis or Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are not sufficiently sensitive and specific to detect all infected animals, especially animals recently infected with the pathogens. In the present report we show that these limitations might be overcome with a latex bead agglutination assay (LBAA). With the specific immunodominant epitope (ESAT6-p) of M. bovis, we developed an LBAA and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for that purpose and compared them with the "gold standard" culture method and skin test for their efficacy in detecting bovine tuberculosis. When sera from control healthy cows (n = 10), M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-positive cattle (naturally infected, n = 16; experimentally infected, n = 8), and M. bovis-positive cattle (naturally infected, n = 49;experimentally infected, n = 20) were applied to an EIA and an LBAA developed with ESAT6-p, the two tests showed similar sensitivity (97.1% by EIA, 95.7% by LBAA), high specificity (94.2% by EIA, 100% by LBAA), and a positive correlation (kappa value, 0.85; correlation rate, 93.2%; correlation coefficient, 0.64). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of EIA results and comparison with the culture method determined a suitable cutoff value at 0.469, with an area under the curve of 0.991 (95% confidence interval, 0.977 to 1.0). As LBAA didn't show any positive reactions with sera from uninfected control cows or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected cattle, which were confirmed to be free of M. bovis by culture or PCR, LBAA using the ESAT6-p can be a rapid and useful M. bovis diagnostic assay. The data suggest that rapid, sensitive, and specific assays can be developed with peptides containing immunodominant epitopes present in proteins uniquely expressed in M. bovis or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis for differential diagnosis of cattle infected with M. bovis or M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis.
Color Channel Reconstruction for Multi-Color Multi-View Images Using Disparity and Color Similarity-based Local Linear Regression (2018)

Most digital cameras today employ Bayer Color Filter Arrays in front of the camera sensor. In order to create a true-color image, a demosaicing step is required introducing image blur and artifacts. Special sensors like the Foveon X3 circumvent the demosaicing challenge by using pixels lying on top of each other. However, they are not commonly used due to high production cost and low flexibility. In this work, a multi-color multi-view approach is presented in order to create true-color images. Therefore, the red-filtered left view and the blue-filtered right view are registered and projected onto the green-filtered center view. Due to the camera offset and slightly different viewing angles of the scene, object occlusions might occur for the side channels, hence requiring the reconstruction of missing information. For that, a novel local linear regression method is proposed, based on disparity and color similarity. Simulation results show that the proposed method outperforms existing reconstruction techniques by on average 5 dB.
Optoelectronic associative memory using an advanced optical neurochip (1991)

A drastic improvement in the performance of the associative memory was achieved using an optical neurochip. The experimental recognition rate agreed well with computer simulation for the associative memory.
Identification of non heparin-binding endothelial cell growth factor from rat myofibroblasts (1992)

Myofibroblasts (Mfs) from rat fat tissues produced a potent endothelial cell growth factor (Mf-ECGF). The growth factor activity found in the conditioned media from primary cultures of Mfs, was labile to heat (80 degrees C for 10 min) and proteinase (trypsin), and did not bind to heparin in the presence of 0.2 M NaCl. Mf-ECGF was partially purified 4760-fold with a recovery of 25% from serum-free conditioned media by sequential carboxymethyl (CM) ion-exchange column chromatography and gel filtration. This Mf-ECGF activity was recovered from the 40 kD region of a non-reducing SDS-PAGE, and from the pH region between 6.5 and 7 of isoelectric focusing, with recoveries of 20% and 65%, respectively. These results indicated that a major portion of ECGF activity in the conditioned media was clearly distinct from other well-known endothelial cell growth factors including fibroblast growth factors (FGFs).
Event-triggered multi-area state estimation in power systems (2011)

This paper presents a distributed estimation scheme as a possible solution to multi-area state estimation for power systems. The proposed estimation scheme features data-dependent selective sensing and estimation, namely, event-triggered estimation and communication. The triggering event is characterized by the innovation received by the measurements. The proposed scheme can potentially reduce the overhead costs that include communication (bandwidth), data processing and interference, leading to more effective use of the resources.
Decal transfer microfabrication (2023)

A method of making a microstructure includes forming a pattern in a surface of a silicon-containing elastomer, oxidizing the pattern, contacting the pattern with a substrate; and bonding the oxidized pattern and the substrate such that the pattern and the substrate are irreversibly attached. The silicon-containing elastomer may be removably attached to a transfer pad.
RNA-Sequencing Analysis Revealed a Distinct Motor Cortex Transcriptome in Spontaneously Recovered Mice After Stroke (2018)

Background and Purpose- Many restorative therapies have been used to study brain repair after stroke. These therapeutic-induced changes have revealed important insights on brain repair and recovery mechanisms; however, the intrinsic changes that occur in spontaneously recovery after stroke is less clear. The goal of this study is to elucidate the intrinsic changes in spontaneous recovery after stroke, by directly investigating the transcriptome of primary motor cortex in mice that naturally recovered after stroke. Methods- Male C57BL/6J mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Functional recovery was evaluated using the horizontal rotating beam test. A novel in-depth lesion mapping analysis was used to evaluate infarct size and locations. Ipsilesional and contralesional primary motor cortices (iM1 and cM1) were processed for RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis. Results- Cluster analysis of the stroke mice behavior performance revealed 2 distinct recovery groups: a spontaneously recovered and a nonrecovered group. Both groups showed similar lesion profile, despite their differential recovery outcome. RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis revealed distinct biological pathways in the spontaneously recovered stroke mice, in both iM1 and cM1. Correlation analysis revealed that 38 genes in the iM1 were significantly correlated with improved recovery, whereas 74 genes were correlated in the cM1. In particular, ingenuity pathway analysis highlighted the involvement of cAMP signaling in the cM1, with selective reduction of Adora2a (adenosine receptor A2A), Drd2 (dopamine receptor D2), and Pde10a (phosphodiesterase 10A) expression in recovered mice. Interestingly, the expressions of these genes in cM1 were negatively correlated with behavioral recovery. Conclusions- Our RNA-sequencing data revealed a panel of recovery-related genes in the motor cortex of spontaneously recovered stroke mice and highlighted the involvement of contralesional cortex in spontaneous recovery, particularly Adora2a, Drd2, and Pde10a-mediated cAMP signaling pathway. Developing drugs targeting these candidates after stroke may provide beneficial recovery outcome.
Robust Rate-Control for Wavelet-Based Image Coding via Conditional Probability Models (2007)

Real-time rate-control for wavelet image coding requires characterization of the rate required to code quantized wavelet data. An ideal robust solution can be used with any wavelet coder and any quantization scheme. A large number of wavelet quantization schemes (perceptual and otherwise) are based on scalar dead-zone quantization of wavelet coefficients. A key to performing rate-control is, thus, fast, accurate characterization of the relationship between rate and quantization step size, the R-Q curve. A solution is presented using two invocations of the coder that estimates the slope of each R-Q curve via probability modeling. The method is robust to choices of probability models, quantization schemes and wavelet coders. Because of extreme robustness to probability modeling, a fast approximation to spatially adaptive probability modeling can be used in the solution, as well. With respect to achieving a target rate, the proposed approach and associated fast approximation yield average percentage errors around 0.5% and 1.0% on images in the test set. By comparison, 2-coding-pass rho-domain modeling yields errors around 2.0%, and post-compression rate-distortion optimization yields average errors of around 1.0% at rates below 0.5 bits-per-pixel (bpp) that decrease down to about 0.5% at 1.0 bpp; both methods exhibit more competitive performance on the larger images. The proposed method and fast approximation approach are also similar in speed to the other state-of-the-art methods. In addition to possessing speed and accuracy, the proposed method does not require any training and can maintain precise control over wavelet step sizes, which adds flexibility to a wavelet-based image-coding system.
Novel redox cyclisation products derived from 2-acylpyrroles and trans-3-bromo-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene-6-carbonitrile (1992)

The reaction of 2-(trifluoroacetyl)pyrrole with trans-3-bromo-3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene-6-carbonitrile under basic conditions has been shown to afford high yields of (4R*, 5aS*,11 bS*)-5a-hydroxy-6,6-dimethyl-4-trifluoromethyl-5a,11 b-dihydro-4H,6H-pyrrolo[1′,2′:4,5]-oxazino[2,3-c]chromene-10-carbonitrile rather than the anticipated amino alcohol. The unequivocal structural assignment of this unusual tetracyclic product by spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic techniques is described and possible mechanistic explanations for its formation are discussed. Analogous reactions of pyrroles substituted in the 2-position by formyl, acetyl and benzoyl moieties have been shown to behave in an essentially similar manner, suggesting that the reaction is general for 2-acylpyrroles.
Antenna spacing and pattern differences: Their impact in MIRAS reconstruction error (2016)

After 6 years in orbit, the European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission (SMOS) continues to provide high-quality, global maps of soil moisture and ocean surface salinity. Its payload MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis) is an L-band interferometric radiometer which achieves unprecedented resolution. It was successfully launched in November 2009 under the European Space Agency Earth Explorers program, and has since been acquiring high resolution images whose accuracy, precision and stability have been steadily improved. The present work analyzes in detail the observed reconstruction error in SMOS brightness temperature images, and its relationship with the antenna pattern differences between receivers. Such reconstruction error is defined as the spatial ripple that remains after an image reconstruction process, assuming perfect knowledge of the instrument and no calibration errors. The error so defined is therefore completely independent of the radiometric noise or the presence of modeling errors, being then solely related with the reconstruction process. Antenna pattern differences, up to 5 % of the nominal peak value, have a noticeable impact in the observed reconstruction error. Moreover, this impact is more significant when the spacing between elements is above the Nyquist alias-free separation, as is the case in SMOS. In this paper the behavior of the reconstruction error is parametrized in terms of antenna differences and element spacing. All simulations have been performed with the best possible model of the instrument in full polarimetric mode. Although the analysis here is done for MIRAS antennas, it is intended to provide a guidance for a future SMOS follow on mission.
Sensors fault diagnosis for a BMS (2014)

This paper deals with sensor fault diagnosis for a battery management system (BMS). The diagnosis procedure consists on the detection and isolation of sensor faults. A new battery pack design, composed by the cells and sensors, is introduced. Three sensors are considered: voltage, current and temperature. The algorithms are simple and efficient, even for multiple faults, so as to be low-cost from computation and power point of view. Examples are developed during the paper to show the effectiveness of the technique.
A Multicenter, Open-Label Phase II Clinical Trial of Combined MEK plus EGFR Inhibition for Chemotherapy-Refractory Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2015)

A therapeutic strategy of dual targeted inhibition of the MEK and EGFR pathways shows modest antitumor activity in pancreatic cancer. Specific molecular subtypes may derive greatest benefit from this combination. Further exploration, both with more potent MEK inhibitors and in molecularly enriched patient subsets, is warranted.
Solid State NMR Techniques (2018)

This chapter describes the techniques required for obtaining high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra from solid and semisolid samples. The last decade has brought a substantial growth in the application of NMR techniques to biochemical problems. The techniques presented in this chapter are capable of yielding &quot;high-resolution&quot; solid state NMR spectra. When the sample investigated is a single crystal, well-resolved line spectra are observed and the angular dependence of the line positions can be examined to determine chemical shift tensors, and quadrupole tensors. Magic angle sample spinning (MASS) is often employed to regain &quot;high-resolution&quot; spectra of powder samples. MASS can be combined with both multiple-pulse and dilute spin double resonance for further spectral enhancements. Each crystallographically inequivalent nucleus will yield one line for a given crystal orientation. Chronologically, MASS was the first technique suggested for obtaining high-resolution spectra from solids, and is quite simple in principle.
On Light Addressing Within Subwavelength Metallic Gratings (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We consider a zero-order diffraction metallic grating having two subwavelength rectangular slits per period. The electromagnetic behavior of this system is studied theoretically in the resonance spectral domain of the cavities. We show that, by choosing judicious opto-geometrical parameters, we can perform the selective excitation of one or the other category of cavities with a very appreciable quality factor, illustrating then a switch effect. The results open the way to the quantitative light addressing on passive metallic micro/nano-structures. In particular, for transmitting gratings, we can force light to cross each subwavelength channel doublet through a determined aperture, reconsidering in some extent the Young's slits experiment. </para>
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Mannheimia haemolytica from Bovine Sources (2016)

Bovine respiratory disease is a common health problem in beef production. The primary bacterial agent involved, Mannheimia haemolytica, is a target for antimicrobial therapy and at risk for associated antimicrobial resistance development. The role of M. haemolytica in pathogenesis is linked to serotype with serotypes 1 (S1) and 6 (S6) isolated from pneumonic lesions and serotype 2 (S2) found in the upper respiratory tract of healthy animals. Here, we sequenced the genomes of 11 strains of M. haemolytica, representing all three serotypes and performed comparative genomics analysis to identify genetic features that may contribute to pathogenesis. Possible virulence associated genes were identified within 14 distinct prophage, including a periplasmic chaperone, a lipoprotein, peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase and a stress response protein. Prophage content ranged from 2-8 per genome, but was higher in S1 and S6 strains. A type I-C CRISPR-Cas system was identified in each strain with spacer diversity and organization conserved among serotypes. The majority of spacers occur in S1 and S6 strains and originate from phage suggesting that serotypes 1 and 6 may be more resistant to phage predation. However, two spacers complementary to the host chromosome targeting a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine 2-epimerase and a glycosyl transferases group 1 gene are present in S1 and S6 strains only indicating these serotypes may employ CRISPR-Cas to regulate gene expression to avoid host immune responses or enhance adhesion during infection. Integrative conjugative elements are present in nine of the eleven genomes. Three of these harbor extensive multi-drug resistance cassettes encoding resistance against the majority of drugs used to combat infection in beef cattle, including macrolides and tetracyclines used in human medicine. The findings here identify key features that are likely contributing to serotype related pathogenesis and specific targets for vaccine design intended to reduce the dependency on antibiotics to treat respiratory infection in cattle.
Fabrication of Nanoporous Nanocomposites Entrapping Fe3O4 Magnetic Nanoparticles and Oxidases for Colorimetric Biosensing (2011)

A nanostructured multicatalyst system consisting of Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as peroxidase mimetics and an oxidative enzyme entrapped in large-pore-sized mesoporous silica has been developed for convenient colorimetric detection of biologically important target molecules. The construction of the nanocomposites begins with the incorporation of MNPs on the walls of mesocellular silica pores by impregnating Fe(NO(3))(3)·9H(2)O, followed by the immobilization of oxidative enzymes. Glutaraldehyde crosslinking was employed to prevent enzymes leaching from the pores and led to over 20 wt% loading of the enzyme. The oxidase in the nanocomposite generates H(2)O(2) through its catalytic action for target molecules and subsequently activates MNPs to convert selected substrates into colored products. Using this strategy, two different biosensing systems were constructed employing glucose oxidase and cholesterol oxidase and their analytical capabilities were successfully verified by colorimetrically detecting the corresponding target molecules with excellent selectivity, sensitivity, reusability, and stability. Future potential applications of this technology range from biosensors to multicatalyst reactors.