gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The first clinical application of a ?hands-on? robotic knee surgery system (2001)

The performance of a novel "hands-on" robotic system for total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is evaluated. An integrated robotic system for accurately machining the bone surfaces in TKR surgery is described. Details of the system, comprising an "active constraint" robot, called Acrobot, a "gross positioning" robot, and patient clamps, are provided. The intraoperative protocol and the preoperative, CT-based, planning system are also described. A number of anatomical registration and cutting trials, using plastic bones, are described, followed by results from two preliminary clinical trials, which demonstrate the accuracy achieved in the anatomical registration. Finally, the first clinical trial is described, in which the results of the anatomical registration and bone cutting are seen to be of high quality. The Acrobot system has been successfully used to accurately register and cut the knee bones in TKR surgery. This demonstrates the great potential of a "hands-on" robot for improving accuracy and increasing safety in surgery.
Single-agent ONC201 in recurrent H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. (2020)

3615 Background: Recurrent H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma is a lethal brain tumor that predominantly affects children and young adults and has no effective therapy. ONC201 is a first-in-class orally administered, anti-cancer small molecule that selectively antagonizes the dopamine receptors DRD2/DRD3 and agonizes ClpP, a mitochondrial protease. Prior studies have indicated dysregulated dopamine receptor expression and enhanced ONC201 sensitivity among H3 K27M-mutant gliomas. Methods: Adults with midline H3 K27M-mutant glioma patients were enrolled to a dedicated Phase II clinical trial (NCT03295396), a multi-arm Phase II clinical trial (NCT02525692), and expanded access protocols under the Sponsor’s IND. Results were pooled among patients treated with ONC201 monotherapy through any of these trial with H3 K27M confirmed glioma, progressive and measurable disease by RANO, &gt; 90 days from completion of prior radiation, no evidence of leptomeningeal dissemination, midline location other than primarily pons or spinal cord, and baseline KPS &gt; 60. Using an enrollment cutoff of February 15, 2019 and data cutoff of July 31, 2019, there were 20 patients (NCT03295396, 12; NCT02525692, 7; expanded access, 1). Dosage was 625 mg weekly in 19 and once every 3 weeks in 1. Results: No DLTs or treatment discontinuations due to toxicity occurred. Midline gliomas can exhibit minimal contrast enhancement or exhibit a mixture of contrast-enhancing and non-contrast enhancing regions in the tumor. As a result, blinded independent central review (BICR) of tumor response by MRI was assessed by RANO-HGG and RANO-LGG for each patient to capture contrast-enhancing lesions by T1 post-contrast and non-contrast-enhancing assessments by T2/FLAIR, respectively, in the object response rate. The best response by RANO-HGG or RANO-LGG is 30% (95% CI, 11.9-54.3%). Duration of response by RANO-HGG is median 52.7 weeks (range 15.9-138.3). One patient with stable disease as of this data cutoff has continued on treatment beyond 12 months and recently underwent an investigator-reported PR by RANO-HGG that is pending confirmation. Conclusions: Single agent ONC201 is well tolerated and clinically active in recurrent H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma patients. Clinical trial information: NCT03295396, NCT02525692 .
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Glucose Control and Inflammatory Response in Type II Diabetes: A Double Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial (2015)

Vitamin D repletion for 12 weeks increased serum vitamin D concentrations and improved β-cell activity in vitamin D-deficient type II diabetes with no significant changes in HbA1c or insulin sensitivity.
Computer-Assisted Recognition of Glaucomatous Field Loss (1988)

<h3>To the Editor.</h3> —In their recent article, Enger and Sommer<sup>1</sup>compared two methods of diagnosing glaucoma using automated static threshold fields. One method used two of four visual field indexes available from a statistical program, STATPAC, which we developed for use with the Humphrey perimeter (Allergan Humphrey, San Leandro, Calif). The second method was their own and was based on comparisons of mirror-image clusters of points above and below the horizontal meridian. They found that their method gave higher sensitivity and specificity (97% and 90%, respectively) than the STATPAC indexes (93% and 84%, respectively). The purpose of the STATPAC indexes is not primarily to help in identification of abnormal fields but rather to facilitate follow-up. STATPAC contains other elements that are intended to help in the classification of single fields. These are called deviation maps and are of two types: (1) numerical deviation maps showing pointwise decibel deviations of the
Rare Earth Nanoparticles Prevent Retinal Degeneration Induced by Intracellular Peroxides (2020)

Photoreceptor cells are incessantly bombarded with photons of light, which, along with the cells’ high rate of oxygen metabolism, continuously exposes them to elevated levels of toxic reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). Vacancy-engineered mixed-valence-state cerium oxide nanoparticles scavenge ROIs. The intracellular ROIs are especially damaging because they can react with almost every type of organic molecule that exists within the cell. The addition of the nanoceria particles to such cultures was also shown to prevent the intracellular accumulation of ROIs that was observed in retinal neurons to which H2O2 was added. ROIs in the photoreceptor cells, which in turn induces the second effect, the activation of an apoptotic signal transduction pathway and the eventual death of the photoreceptor cells. Injection of the nanoceria particles 3 days prior to light exposure prevented the subsequent appearance of TUNEL-positive cells seen in the retinas of uninjected or saline-injected control animals.
Fluorenone‐Based Molecules for Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells: Synthesis, Characterization, and Photovoltaic Properties (2008)

Abstract A series of four conjugated molecules consisting of a fluorenone central unit symmetrically coupled to different oligothiophene segments are conceptually designed and synthesized to provide new electroactive materials for application in photovoltaic devices. The combination of electron‐donating oligothiophene building blocks with an electron‐accepting fluorenone unit results in the emergence of a new band assigned to an intramolecular charge transfer transition that gives rise to the extension of the absorption spectral range of the resulting molecules. Detailed spectroscopic and voltammetric investigations show that all studied molecules have highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level positions, which make them good candidates for the application as electron‐donors in bulk‐heterojunction photovoltaic cells, with (6,6)‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)‐C 60 as electron acceptor component. Moderate device performances, with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) comprised between 0.3 and 0.6%, were obtained with rigid molecules, containing either the bridging units between the thiophene rings, i.e., (2,7‐bis(4,4′‐dioctyl‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophen‐2‐yl)‐fluoren‐9‐one (SCPTF) and 2,7‐bis(4‐(dioctylmethylene)‐cyclopenta[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophen‐5‐yl)‐fluoren‐9‐one (MCPTF) or a vinylene unit 2,7‐bis(5‐[( E )‐1,2‐bis(3‐octylthien‐2‐yl)ethylene])‐fluoren‐9‐one (TVF), whereas with (2,7‐bis‐(3,3‴‐dioctyl‐[2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2‴]quaterthiophen‐5‐yl)‐fluoren‐9‐one (QTF) PCE up to 1.2% (under AM 1.5 illumination, 100 mW cm −2 , active area 0.28 cm 2 ) was obtained. The strong π ‐stacking interactions in the solid state for this oligomer leading to improved morphology could explain the good performances of QTF‐based devices, which rank among the highest recorded for non‐polymeric materials. Consequently, fluorenone‐based non‐polymeric molecules constitute highly attractive materials for solution‐processable solar cell applications.
Supplementary table 3 from <i>WRN</i> Promoter CpG Island Hypermethylation Does Not Predict More Favorable Outcomes for Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Irinotecan-Based Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Primer sequences used for WRN promoter region MSP and bisulfite sequencing assays&lt;/p&gt;
Preparation of Liquid Crystal Networks for Macroscopic Oscillatory Motion Induced by Light (2017)

A strategy based on doped liquid crystalline networks is described to create mechanical self-sustained oscillations of plastic films under continuous light irradiation. The photo-excitation of dopants that can quickly dissipate light into heat, coupled with anisotropic thermal expansion and self-shadowing of the film, gives rise to the self-sustained deformation. The oscillations observed are influenced by the dimensions and the modulus of the film, and by the directionality and intensity of the light. The system developed offers applications in energy conversion and harvesting for soft-robotics and automated systems. The general method described here consists of creating free-standing liquid crystalline films and characterizing the mechanical and thermal effects observed. The molecular alignment is achieved using alignment layers (rubbed polyimide), commonly used in the display manufacturing industry. To obtain actuators with large deformation, the mesogens are aligned and polymerized in a splay/bend configuration, i.e., with the director of the liquid crystals (LCs) going gradually from planar to homeotropic through the film thickness. Upon irradiation, the mechanical and thermal oscillations obtained are monitored with a high-speed camera. The results are further quantified by image analysis using an image processing program.
Identification of three different truncating mutations in cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) as the principal cause of primary congenital glaucoma (Buphthalmos) in families linked to the GLC3A locus on chromosome 2p21 (1997)

Primary congenital glaucoma (Buphthalmos) is an autosomal recessive eye disorder, postulated to result from developmental defects in the anterior eye segment. Previously, we reported two chromosomal locations for this condition on 2p21 (GLC3A) and 1p36 (GLC3B) respectively. In this study, heritable mutations of human cytochrome P4501B1 gene (CYP1B1) in affected individuals of five well-characterized families linked to the GLC3A locus are described. CYP1B1 gene has previously been mapped within the GLC3A candidate region and its expression in the trabecular meshwork cells has been demonstrated in this study. Three different homozygous mutations were identified and characterized: a 13 bp deletion in exon III; an insertion of a single cytosine base in exon II; and a larger deletion affecting the 5' end of exon III and the adjacent intronic region. All of these are frameshift mutations that are predicted to remove domains essential for the function of the CYP1B1 protein. Therefore, it is expected that all these mutations result in functional null alleles. The mutations detected in the affected members of these families were not present in 470 chromosomes from randomly selected normal individuals, thus strongly suggesting that CYP1B1 is the gene for the GLC3A locus on 2p21. The results are discussed in the context of the earlier hypothesis that 'drug-metabolizing' enzymes might modulate the processes of growth and differentiation by controlling the steady-state-levels of oxygenated growth-effector molecules.
Ribosome Levels Selectively Regulate Translation and Lineage Commitment in Human Hematopoiesis (2018)

Blood cell formation is classically thought to occur through a hierarchical differentiation process, although recent studies have shown that lineage commitment may occur earlier in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). The relevance to human blood diseases and the underlying regulation of these refined models remain poorly understood. By studying a genetic blood disorder, Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA), where the majority of mutations affect ribosomal proteins and the erythroid lineage is selectively perturbed, we are able to gain mechanistic insight into how lineage commitment is programmed normally and disrupted in disease. We show that in DBA, the pool of available ribosomes is limited, while ribosome composition remains constant. Surprisingly, this global reduction in ribosome levels more profoundly alters translation of a select subset of transcripts. We show how the reduced translation of select transcripts in HSPCs can impair erythroid lineage commitment, illuminating a regulatory role for ribosome levels in cellular differentiation.
Ultralow noise optical pulse generation in an actively mode-locked quantum-dot ring laser (2006)

We report excellent noise performance of an actively mode-locked ring laser based on semiconductor quantum-dot (QD) gain medium. Optical pulse trains with less than 7.5 fs residual timing jitter (1 Hz–10 MHz) at 12.8GHz was obtained.
A new evaluation technique for the detection of impurities in purified proteins via CE with native UV‐LIF (2010)

An analytical methodology for quality control analyses of IgG and their impurities is presented using a new UV-LIF (266 nm) detector inside the cassette of a CE instrument and its performance was evaluated. The observed sensitivity was very close to that obtained by silver staining of slab gels (LOD of 25 ng/mL), while the sensitivity of the analysis is 80 times better than with CE/UV absorption (214 nm). Examples of the analysis of pharmaceutical and other commercial IgGs are provided and the kinetics of the reduction of IgG by beta-mercaptoethanol is reported, demonstrating the ease of performing the analysis.
Cold agglutinin autoantibodies in psychiatric patients: their relation to diagnosis and pharmacological treatment (1991)

The findings suggest that, at least in this group, positive cold agglutinin titers are associated with schizophrenia. However, this observation cannot provide direct evidence for the involvement of viral or autoimmune factors in schizophrenia.
<title>Incorporation of diffractive structures on side-polished fiber arrays</title> (2001)

This paper investigates methods to launch high modes propagating along helix paths into a graded index fiber. These techniques may be particularly useful to avoid the central dip problem due to defects located in the center of the index profile of multimode fibers. Light was coupled into a graded index multimode fiber using the flat surface of side-polished or D-shaped fiber. The fibers were polished down to a few microns close to the core on a distance of about 3mm. The first method, active, is based on coupling the light from a D-shaped single mode fiber to a D-shaped graded index fiber. The two fibers are in contact through a film of index matching fluid and the coupling may be thought as the leakage from a fiber to a slab waveguide. The launching angle of the skew rays in the multimode fiber is controlled by the tilt between the fibers. Simulations using beam propagation method are presented. Analytical equations for the path of the skew rays in graded index fiber are also used for a parabolic index profile. The second method, passive, consists of etching a tilted grating on a side polished multimode fiber by means of focused-ion beam (FIB) technology. We discuss the fabrication of such a grating and the possibility of using FIB technology to etch diffractive elements on fused silica waveguides.
Packet data throughput for wireless systems with smart antennas (1999)

The uplink packet transmission throughput of a system with a smart antenna configuration at the access point is analyzed. A slotted ALOHA protocol is utilized and the throughput is calculated analytically, assuming idealized antennas. The results are compared to simulations, where diversity combining and interference rejection schemes are investigated as well. The numerical examples agree well with the derived expressions and show that a substantial increase of the system throughput is possible with low mean packet delay.
Integrated photonics beamformers and engines for solid-state LiDAR and beyond (2021)

This paper presents the optimization of novel material stacks and functions targeting solid-state phase-front shaping in NIR for sensing (LiDAR, imaging, spectroscopy). We report on direct time-of-flight and frequency modulated continuous wave detection and ranging (LiDAR) implementing 2D scanners with on-chip optical calibration using Si-based photon-assisted tunneling diodes at 1.55µm. We finally introduce developments towards multi-beam scanning with low divergence, low power phase shifting and advanced light source integration through PIC hybridization with gain media, all key developments for LiDAR and alternative emerging applications, e.g. line-of-sight optical telecom, deep tissue imaging and gas sensing.
Interface Adaptation to Novice Older Adults’ Mental Models through Concrete Metaphors (2016)

Metaphors could be used to help older adults build mental models of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) applications and services and thereby reduce the number of interaction problems, but currently, metaphors generally are not tailored to these older adults, and their construction remains vague. Inspired by concrete icons, this study proposes concrete metaphors to help novice older adults understand ICT applications and services and retains their knowledge over time. A new communication application based on concrete metaphors was designed, developed, and comparatively tested against another application based on abstract metaphors over a period of 9 days. The results indicated that the application with concrete metaphors contributed to fewer perception and cognition errors, higher usage intention, higher satisfaction, and higher preference compared to the application with abstract metaphors. In addition, the advantage of concrete metaphors was lasting, unlike concrete icons. These findings indicated that concrete metaphors could be an icebreaker or stepping stone to draw novice older adults into the information society. To further increase the impact of concrete metaphors, representing real-world operations is an essential challenge.
A Hybrid Methodology for Jitter and Eye Estimation in High-Speed Serial Channels Using Polynomial Chaos Surrogate Models (2019)

Estimation of jitter and eye diagram in high-speed serial channels can be challenging. The existing methods might fail to show inter-symbol interference (ISI) and data dependent jitter because they are either excessively time consuming or only applicable to linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. Therefore, this paper suggests a hybrid methodology to develop surrogate models of the system from a short transient simulation and using them to efficiently determine the eye diagram and related parameters. This paper is based on uncertainty quantification techniques that use polynomial chaos (PC) expansions to estimate the output. Necessary modifications are applied to PC modeling to make it applicable to high-speed channels. Finally, the performance of the proposed approach is shown through numerical examples.
Lysosome-Associated MiniSOG as a Photosensitizer for Mammalian Cells (2016)

Genetically encoded photosensitizers represent a promising optogenetic tool for the induction of light-controlled oxidative stress strictly localized to a selected intracellular compartment. Here we tested the phototoxic effects of the flavin-containing phototoxic protein miniSOG targeted to the cytoplasmic surfaces of late endosomes and lysosomes by fusion with Rab7. In HeLa Kyoto cells stably expressing miniSOG-Rab7, we demonstrated a high level of cell death upon blue-light illumination. Pepstatin A completely abolished phototoxicity of miniSOG-Rab7, showing a key role for cathepsin D in this model. Using a far-red fluorescence sensor for caspase-3, we observed caspase-3 activation during miniSOG-Rab7-mediated cell death. We conclude that upon illumination, miniSOG-Rab7 induces lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and leakage of cathepsins into the cytosol, resulting in caspase-dependent apoptosis.
Relating In Vitro Neutralization Level and Protection in the CVnCoV (CUREVAC) Trial (2022)

The vaccine candidate CVnCoV (CUREVAC) showed surprisingly low efficacy in a recent phase 3 trial compared with other messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. Here we show that the low efficacy follows from the dose used and the presence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants and is predicted by the neutralizing antibody response induced by the vaccine.
Full-wave analysis of multiconductor multislot planar guiding structures in layered media (2003)

In this paper, a generalized two-dimensional formulation for solving planar guiding structures is presented. The formulation is capable of analyzing guiding structures consisting of an arbitrary number of slots and strips with arbitrary width, thickness, and conductivity in a full-wave regime. Integral equations solved with the method of moments in the spatial domain are used in the analysis. All information related to the fundamental modes of the guiding structure are available from the presented theory. This information includes (for each mode) the propagation constant, electric and magnetic current distribution, modal power, and the characteristic impedance. Numerical results for a number of planar guiding structures are presented, which validate the proposed theoretical formulation.
Zeolite-based catalysts for oxidative upgrading of methane: design and control of active sites (2023)

Various reported active sites in zeolite-based catalysts categorized into three groups in terms of their origin have been overviewed from the viewpoints of their performance, structure, and catalysis.
Beyond Adaptive Alloreactivity: Contribution of Innate B Cells to Allograft Inflammation and Rejection (2022)

Innate B cells are a heterogeneous group of cells that function in maintaining homeostatic levels of circulating natural antibodies and being the first line of defense against infections. Innate B-1 cells and marginal zone B cells may relocate to lymphoid follicles and differentiate into cytokine and antibody-secreting cells in T-independent and T-dependent manners. Although marginal zone B cells are widely described in humans, the presence of B-1 cells is more controversial. Here, we review the basic features of the innate B-cell subsets identified in mice and their equivalent in humans, as well as their potential roles in transplantation. We summarize the findings of Cascalho and colleagues on the unexpected protective role of tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 13B in regulating circulating levels of protective natural immunoglobulin M, and the studies by Zorn and colleagues on the potential pathogenic role for polyreactive innate B cells infiltrating allograft explants. Finally, we discuss our studies that took a transcriptomic approach to identify innate B cells infiltrating kidney allografts with antibody-mediated rejection and to demonstrate that local antigens within the allograft together with inflammation may induce a loss of B-cell tolerance.