gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CubeSat communications transceiver for increased data throughput (2009)

CubeSat communication links require small size, low power, and low cost transceivers. Link parameters resulting from the satellite's low earth orbit (LEO) can impair transceiver performance, degrading mission data throughput. This paper describes the characteristics and control of a new CubeSat transceiver. The new transceiver provides an estimated 300% increase in data throughput for a typical 45-degree maximum elevation angle LEO pass over the Aerocube-2 transceiver.
Comprehensive proteomic studies on ovarian cancer and biomarker discovery for molecular tumor typing (2007)

604 Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy, accounting up to 6% of death by cancer in women, yet there is no diagnostic marker with sufficient specificity to enable non-invasive diagnosis. Moreover, there is an increasing need for non-histological diagnosis to define the various tumor types, as it significantly affects the choice of post-operative chemotherapy. This study was aimed at identifying novel biomarkers for ovarian cancer, while focusing on making molecular profiles of tumor types; clear cell, endometrioid, serous and mucinous. This is the first comprehensive study in human ovarian cancer using tissue samples from clinically diagnosed patients. The total protein contents of tissues were separated and visualized by 2-DE and individual protein spots were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting or MS/MS by AXIMA-QIT. We have so far analyzed total proteins extracted from 40 clinical ovarian tumor samples and compared the expression patterns across the four tumor types. Meanwhile we identified, by peptide mass fingerprint, more than 10,000 spots harvested from 2D-E of 11 tumor samples to generate an integrated 2D-map database. Several proteins were identified that displayed tumor type specific expression pattern, collectively comprising protein expression profiles that may be used as a molecular diagnostic indicator. The result was validated by conventional bioassay as well as our custom-designed cDNA microarray. The list of candidates we demonstrated here together with the elaborate database will contribute to development of a new diagnostic tool for patients with early stage of ovarian cancers.
IGHV segment utilization in immunoglobulin gene rearrangement differentiates patients with anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein neuropathy from others immunoglobulin M-gammopathies (2018)

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Evolution of strain energy during recrystallization of plated Cu films (2013)

The microstructural evolution within plated Cu films has been investigated using high-resolution x-ray diffraction, revealing a change in strain state within the recrystallized grains and the surrounding matrix with time. By approximating the case of an isolated grain in a randomly textured material as an Eshelby inclusion in an elastically isotropic matrix, we can determine the elastic strain energy in addition to the interaction strains that develop within the grain due to the effects of elastic anisotropy. The elastic strain energy density generated by a grain possessing cubic symmetry with arbitrary orientation within an elastically isotropic matrix has been compared to that within a fiber-textured film, revealing that the former case possesses less strain energy. These results suggest that the recrystallization of Cu (111) grains from an electroplated film with a small, initial grain size is less energetically favorable for films exhibiting strong (111) texture than for a randomly textured film. Experimental results indicate a sequence that emerges during the recrystallization process: (111) grains grow first, suggesting that the decrease in surface energy provided by the (111) surfaces is larger than the increase in elastic strain energy created by (111) grains. For sufficiently thick films, (100) grains emerge, lowering the strain energy density in the film, after (111) grain growth has saturated because no further decrease in energy is supplied by (111) surface growth. By examining plated Cu films of different thicknesses, we correlate the appearance of recrystallized (100) grains with a threshold energy density based on the additional energy associated with (100) surfaces relative to (111) surfaces.
Protective effects of galacturonic acid-rich vinegar brewed from Japanese pear in a dextran sodium sulfate-induced acute colitis model (2012)

The effects of pear vinegar (PV), which was specially brewed for enhanced galacturonic acid content, on the DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mouse model were evaluated. PV improved clinical symptoms, colon inflammation, and histological tissue injury in the DSS-induced acute UC mouse model. Moreover, PV suppressed inflammation due to acute UC by suppressing the myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated activation of inflammatory cells such as leukocytes and decreasing the serum concentration of IL-6. Our results demonstrated the protective action of PV in the DSS-induced acute UC mouse model. On the other hand, commercial apple vinegar did not show a protective effect in the DSS-induced acute UC mouse model. Our findings indicate that PV may act as a new functional food for inflammatory bowel disease patients.
Measurement of the effective Bs0→J/ψKS0 lifetime (2013)

This paper reports the first measurement of the effective Bs0→J/ψKS0 lifetime and an updated measurement of its time-integrated branching fraction. Both measurements are performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collisions, recorded by the LHCb experiment in 2011 at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. The results are: τJ/ψKS0eff=1.75±0.12(stat)±0.07(syst) ps and B(Bs0→J/ψKS0)=(1.97±0.23)×10−5. For the latter measurement, the uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic sources.
Sub-Terahertz Wireless Coverage Analysis at 142 GHz in Urban Microcell (2022)

Small-cell cellular base stations are going to be used for mmWave and sub-THz communication systems to provide multi-Gbps data rates and reliable coverage to mobile users. This paper analyzes the base station coverage of sub-THz communication systems and the system performance in terms of spectral efficiency through Monte Carlo simulations for both single-cell and multi-cell cases. The simulations are based on realistic channel models derived from outdoor field measurements at 142 GHz in urban microcell (UMi) environments conducted in downtown Brooklyn, New York. The single-cell base station can provide a downlink coverage area with a radius of 200 m and the 7-cell system can provide a downlink coverage area with a radius of 400 m at 142 GHz. Using a 1 GHz downlink bandwidth and 100 MHz uplink bandwidth, the 7-cell system can provide about 4.5 Gbps downlink average data rate and 410 Mbps uplink average data rate at 142 GHz.
A Closed Form Model for Molecular Ratchet-Type Chemically Induced Dimerization Modules (2022)

Chemical-induced dimerization (CID) modules enable users to implement ligand-controlled cellular and biochemical functions for a number of problems in basic and applied biology. A special class of CID modules occur naturally in plants and involve a hormone receptor that binds a hormone, triggering a conformational change in the receptor that enables recognition by a second binding protein. Two recent reports show that such hormone receptors can be engineered to sense dozens of structurally diverse compounds. As a closed form model for molecular ratchets would be of immense utility in forward engineering of biological systems, here we have developed a closed form model for these distinct CID modules. These modules, which we call molecular ratchets, are distinct from more common CID modules called molecular glues in that they engage in saturable binding kinetics and are characterized well by a Hill equation. A defining characteristic of molecular ratchets is that the sensitivity of the response can be tuned by increasing the molar ratio of the hormone receptor to the binding protein. Thus, the same molecular ratchet can have a pico- or micromolar EC<sub>50</sub> depending on the concentration of the different receptor and binding proteins. Closed form models are derived for a base elementary reaction rate model, for ligand-independent complexation of the receptor and binding protein, and for homodimerization of the hormone receptor. Useful governing equations for a variety of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> applications are derived, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-like microplate assays, transcriptional activation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, and ligand-induced split protein complementation.
Mutants of Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts defective in adhesiveness to substratum: evidence for alteration in cell surface proteins. (1976)

Two mutants of Balb/c 3T3 cells defective in adhesiveness to substratum have been isolated. After exposure to a mutagen a cell population was treated with prostaglandin E1 and methylisobutylxanthine to elevate the cells 3':5'-cyclic AMP levels and adhesion to the substratum; then, loosley adherent cells were harvested by gentle detachment. After four cycles of selection two clones were isolated. Both are characterized by a round morphology and a decreased adhesion to substratum. The defect in adhesion appears to be responsible for the change in cell shape, since the mutant cells become flattened and look similar to wild-type cells when treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP even though their adhesiveness remains decreased. Further, the surface of both mutants is chemically altered. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination of the cell surface shows that two iodinated polypeptides (molecular weight, Mr, 90,000 and 135-140,000) present in wild-type cells are not detected on the surface of the mutants, and another iodinated band (110-120,000 Mr) is markedly decreased. In addition, one mutant is also missing the high-molecular-weight (230,000) cell surface protein that is sensitive to transformation. No changes have been found in the content of cyclic AMP or free or polymerized tubulin. The exponential growth rate and saturation density are not altered in these adhesion--eficient cells. This last result suggests that modulation of adhesion to substratum per se does not play an important role in the growth control of Balb/c 3T3 cells in vitro.
Regional Myocardial Wall Thinning at Multidetector Computed Tomography Correlates to Arrhythmogenic Substrate in Postinfarction Ventricular Tachycardia (2013)

Regional myocardial WT correlates to low-voltage regions and distribution of LAVA critical for the generation and maintenance of postinfarction ventricular tachycardia. The integration of MDCT WT with 3-dimensional electroanatomic maps can help focus mapping and ablation on the culprit regions, even when MRI is precluded by the presence of implanted devices.
Stochastic signals (2014)

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Photochemical Tissue Passivation Prevents Contracture of Full Thickness Wounds (2017)

Goldstein, Rachel L. DO; Runyan, Gem; Randolph, Mark A.; McCormack, Michael C. MBA; Redmond, Robert W. PhD; Austen, William G. Jr. MD Author Information
Approaching the ergodic capacity with lattice coding (2014)

It is known that lattice coding can achieve the capacity of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. This paper addresses the performance of lattice codes in the ergodic fading channel. Using nested lattice codes and ambiguity decoding, we show that the rates achieved by lattice coding and decoding are within a constant gap of the capacity of the ergodic channel at moderate and high signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR), and within a gap that decreases quadratically with the SNR for the low SNR regime.
Two-dimensional concentration and temperature measurements in extended flames of industrial burners using PLIF (2003)

Concentration profiles of OH, O<sub>2</sub> and NO as well as temperature fields in diffusion flames of a length of approx. 300 mm and 40 mm in diameter used for gas-phase synthesis of fused silica have been determined by Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). The measurements have been carried out using a tunable spectrally narrowed KrF laser, whose wavelengths could be switched pulse-to-pulse. The laser beam was shaped as a light sheet into the flame at a fixed position. The flame area under investigation was monitored by moving the burner mounted on a stepper motor. By adapted synchronization the laser induced fluorescence was continuously recorded over the height of the flame perpendicular to the laser light sheet with an intensified CCD camera (10 fps, 8 bit dynamic range, 768 x 576 pixels). By image processing the spatial offset between images was corrected and superposed images were averaged and analyzed. This method allows to investigate the flame by recording 2D-fluorescence images including an automatic correction of intensity inhomogeneities of the laser light sheet. Based on the excited radical or molecule the fluorescence images were used to determine concentration and temperature distributions to build up a 2D-map of the flame. The PLIF experiment was calibrated with precise determination of the temperature at one coordinate of the flame by Spontaneous Vibrational Raman Scattering (VRS) of N<sub>2</sub>. As a result temperatures up to 3200 K could be determined with an accuracy better than 3% and a spatial resolution better than 1 mm. Temperature variations in the flame at different gas flows of fuel and oxidizer could be monitored sensitively. Also, the influence of different carrier gases like N<sub>2</sub>, Ar and He on the temperature distribution was investigated. Fluctuations in gas flow caused by turbulence could be monitored as well.
Predictive fine granularity successive elimination for fast optimal block-matching motion estimation (2005)

Given the number of checking points, the speed of block motion estimation depends on how fast the block matching is. A new framework, fine granularity successive elimination (FGSE), is proposed for fast optimal block matching in motion estimation. The FGSE features providing a sequence of nondecreasing fine-grained boundary levels to reject a checking point using as little computation as possible, where block complexity is utilized to determine the order of partitioning larger subblocks into smaller subblocks in the creation of the fine-grained boundary levels. It is shown that the well-known successive elimination algorithm (SEA) and multilevel successive elimination algorithm (MSEA) are just two special cases in the FGSE framework. Moreover, in view that two adjacent checking points (blocks) share most of the block pixels with just one pixel shifting horizontally or vertically, we develop a scheme to predict the rejection level for a candidate by exploiting the correlation of matching errors between two adjacent checking points. The resulting predictive FGSE algorithm can further reduce computation load by skipping some redundant boundary levels. Experimental results are presented to verify substantial computational savings of the proposed algorithm in comparison with the SEA/MSEA.
Visualization of β-adrenergic receptor dynamics and differential localization in cardiomyocytes (2021)

A key question in receptor signaling is how specificity is realized, particularly when different receptors trigger the same biochemical pathway(s). A notable case is the two β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) subtypes, β<sub>1</sub> and β<sub>2</sub>, in cardiomyocytes. They are both coupled to stimulatory G<sub>s</sub> proteins, mediate an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and stimulate cardiac contractility; however, other effects, such as changes in gene transcription leading to cardiac hypertrophy, are prominent only for β<sub>1</sub>-AR but not for β<sub>2</sub>-AR. Here, we employ highly sensitive fluorescence spectroscopy approaches, in combination with a fluorescent β-AR antagonist, to determine the presence and dynamics of the endogenous receptors on the outer plasma membrane as well as on the T-tubular network of intact adult cardiomyocytes. These techniques allow us to visualize that the β<sub>2</sub>-AR is confined to and diffuses within the T-tubular network, as opposed to the β<sub>1</sub>-AR, which is found to diffuse both on the outer plasma membrane as well as on the T-tubules. Upon overexpression of the β<sub>2</sub>-AR, this compartmentalization is lost, and the receptors are also seen on the cell surface. Such receptor segregation depends on the development of the T-tubular network in adult cardiomyocytes since both the cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2 and the cardiomyocyte-differentiated human-induced pluripotent stem cells express the β<sub>2</sub>-AR on the outer plasma membrane. These data support the notion that specific cell surface targeting of receptor subtypes can be the basis for distinct signaling and functional effects.
Prominin-1 (CD133, AC133) and dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26) are indicators of infinitive growth in colon cancer cells. (2015)

Advanced colorectal cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and resistance against anti-cancer agents, including ErbB inhibitors. Recent data suggest that cancer stem cells (CSC) are particularly resistant. These cells may reside within a CD133+ fraction of the malignant cells. Using HCT116 cells we explored the role of CD133 and other CSC markers in drug resistance in colon cancer cells. CD133+ cells outnumbered CD133- cells over time in long-term culture. Both populations displayed the KRAS mutation 38G > A and an almost identical target profile, including EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2, and ErbB4. Microarray analyses and flow cytometry identified CD26 as additional CSC marker co-expressed on CD133+ cells. However, knock-down of CD133 or CD26 did not affect short-term growth of HCT116 cells, and both cell-populations were equally resistant to various targeted drugs except irreversible ErbB inhibitors, which blocked growth and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in CD133- cells more efficiently than in CD133+ cells. Moreover, the MEK inhibitor AS703026 was found to overcome resistance against ErbB blockers in CD133+ cells. Together, CD133 and CD26 are markers of long-term growth and resistance to ErbB blockers in HCT116 cells, which may be mediated by constitutive ERK activity.
Investigation of Historical Egyptian Textile using Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) - a case study (2013)

This paper evaluates the use of Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) for the analysis of Egyptian historical textiles. The chemical information provided by LIBS, as well as the detrimental effects of laser-induced damages were studied as a function of laser energy and the number of laser pulses used for analysis. The main elements in the metal fibers were Cu, Au, Ag, Cr, Mn, Zn and Ca. The results obtained through LIBS were confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The damage of the metal threads after LIBS application was monitored by SEM and Optical Microscopy. The textile samples used were obtained from the museum of the faculty of Applied Arts, Helwan University, Egypt.
Transforming Growth Factor β Neutralization Ameliorates Pre-Existing Hepatic Fibrosis and Reduces Cholangiocarcinoma in Thioacetamide-Treated Rats (2013)

Considerable evidence has demonstrated that transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays a key role in hepatic fibrosis, the final common pathway for a variety of chronic liver diseases leading to liver insufficiency. Although a few studies have reported that blocking TGF-β with soluble receptors or siRNA can prevent the progression of hepatic fibrosis, as yet no evidence has been provided that TGF-β antagonism can improve pre-existing hepatic fibrosis. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a murine neutralizing TGF-β monoclonal antibody (1D11), in a rat model of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatic fibrosis. TAA administration for 8 weeks induced extensive hepatic fibrosis, whereupon 1D11 dosing was initiated and maintained for 8 additional weeks. Comparing the extent of fibrosis at two time points, pre- and post-1D11 dosing, we observed a profound regression of tissue injury and fibrosis upon treatment, as reflected by a reduction of collagen deposition to a level significantly less than that observed before 1D11 dosing. Hepatic TGF-β1 mRNA, tissue hydroxyproline, and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) levels were significantly elevated at the end of the 8 week TAA treatment. Vehicle and antibody control groups demonstrated progressive injury through 16 weeks, whereas those animals treated for 8 weeks with 1D11 showed striking improvement in histologic and molecular endpoints. During the course of tissue injury, TAA also induced cholangiocarcinomas. At the end of study, the number and area of cholangiocarcinomas were significantly diminished in rats receiving 1D11 as compared to control groups, presumably by the marked reduction of supporting fibrosis/stroma. The present study demonstrates that 1D11 can reverse pre-existing hepatic fibrosis induced by extended dosing of TAA. The regression of fibrosis was accompanied by a marked reduction in concomitantly developed cholangiocarcinomas. These data provide evidence that therapeutic dosing of a TGF-β antagonist can diminish and potentially reverse hepatic fibrosis and also reduce the number and size of attendant cholangiocarcinomas.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Two‐Step Method to Prepare New Unsymmetrical Cryptands. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.