gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Receiver for Harmonic Motion Microwave Doppler Imaging (2020)

Harmonic motion microwave Doppler imaging is a novel imaging modality that combines focused ultrasound and radar techniques to obtain data based on mechanical and electrical properties of the tissue. In previous experimental studies, the Doppler component of the scattered signal is sensed and used to create 2D images of a tumor inside a homogeneous fat phantom. Due to the drawbacks of the receiver configuration, scanning time was high, the signal-to-noise ratio was low, and the multi-frequency operation was limited. In this study, we improved the receiving system with a low noise amplifier which led to an increase in signal-to-noise ratio and a decrease in data acquisition time. A breast phantom containing a cylindrical tumor of size 3 mm $\times 3$ mm inside a homogeneous fat was built to perform 2D scans. An area of 40 mm $\times 40$ mm is scanned in 45 minutes which is approximately 50% of the previous scanning time. Multiple vibration frequencies between 15 Hz - 60 Hz are used to create 2D images. With the enhancement of the signal-to-noise ratio, vibration frequencies higher than 35 Hz are used for the first time. Increase in the vibration frequency resulted in the improvement of resolution; however, signal-to-noise ratio deteriorated due to the decrease in the vibration amplitude.
Ab initio metadynamics study on hydronium ion dynamics at acid-functionalized interfaces: effect of surface group density (2014)

This article presents an ab initio metadynamics study of elementary hydronium ion transitions at dense arrays of surface groups with sulfonic acid head groups. Calculations simulate minimally hydrated conditions of the interfacial ionic system. The specific focus is on the influence of the surface group density on hydronium ion transport. Results reveal a high sensitivity of the activation free energy of hydronium translocations to the surface group density. A spontaneous concerted transition with low activation barrier is found at a surface group separation of 6.8 Å. When hydroniums translocate concertedly, the activation barrier of the transition drops by more than a factor of two to the value of 0.25 eV. An approach is presented to determine interaction constants of hydronium ions and anionic surface groups as well as the surface group flexibility from the analysis of frequency spectra. These properties are discussed in the context of a recently developed soliton theory of interfacial proton transport.
First observation of anomalously large blueshift of apparent donor-acceptor pair transition peak in compensation-doped quantum wells (2002)

Summary form only given.Previously, in undoped and doped bulk GaAs with donor and acceptor densities, the maximum amount of blueshift of the donor-acceptor pair (DAP) transition peak observed is only -3 meV. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, we have observed anomalously large blueshift of the DAP transition peak (-11 meV) in compensation-doped asymmetric-coupled quantum wells (QWs). Our sample was grown by MBE on a semi-insulating GaAs substrate. The epitaxial layers consist of 20 periods, each of which is composed of two GaAs QWs, respectively, coupled by a Al/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As barrier.
One-piece knitted embedded hang-needle sensor for shoulder posture recognition (2023)

Wearable products have significant applications in medical assistance, posture correction, and humancomputer interaction. In this study, we present a knitting method for a one-piece knitted embedded hang-needle sensor. This method involves simultaneously knitting conductive yarn into the sensing zone while creating the monitoring garment in a seamless manner. By implementing a tight hanging needle structure in the sensing zone design and adjusting knitting parameters, the effect of pre-stretching on the sensor caused by the base garment is minimized. Furthermore, integrating the sensing area of the hang-needle structure with the monitoring garment eliminates the need for additional sensor integration steps and simplifies the preparation process, resulting in reduced time and material costs. Moreover, the monitoring garment offers a comfortable wearing experience without any foreign body sensation and accurately captures the initial shoulder posture of the wearer.
Material and optical properties of low-temperature NH3-free PECVD SiNxlayers for photonic applications (2016)

SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; layers intended for photonic applications are typically fabricated using LPCVD and PECVD. These techniques rely on high-temperature processing (&amp;gt;400 °C) to obtain low propagation losses. An alternative version of PECVD SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; layers deposited at temperatures below 400°C with a recipe that does not use ammonia (NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-free PECVD) was previously demonstrated to be a good option to fabricate strip waveguides with propagation losses &amp;lt;3dB cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt;. We have conducted a systematic investigation of the influence of the deposition parameters on the material and optical properties of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-free PECVD SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; layers fabricated at 350°C using a design of experiments methodology. In particular, this paper discusses the effect of the SiH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; flow, RF power, chamber pressure and substrate on the structure, uniformity, roughness, deposition rate, refractive index, chemical composition, bond structure and H content of NH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-free PECVD SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; layers. The results show that the properties and the propagation losses of the studied SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; layers depend entirely on their compositional N/Si ratio, which is in fact the only parameter that can be directly tuned using the deposition parameters along with the film uniformity and deposition rate. These observations provide the means to optimise the propagation losses of the layers for photonic applications through the deposition parameters. In fact, we have been able to fabricate SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; waveguides with H content &amp;lt;20%, good uniformity and propagation losses of 1.5 dB cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; at 1550nm and &amp;lt;1 dB.cm&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; at 1310nm. As a result, this study can potentially help optimise the properties of the studied SiN&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; layers for different applications.
Changes of cell morphology and prolactin secretion induced by 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine, estradiol, and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. (1980)

The secretion of prolactin in cultured pituitary cells was studied in correlation with the cellular changes induced by stimulatory or inhibitory agents. The techniques used in this study were: radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, scanning (SEM) as well as transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Prolactin secretion was stimulated by 17 beta-estradiol (10 nM) as well as thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) (3 nM) and inhibited by 2-Br-alpha-ergocryptine (CB-154) (1 muM). The total prolactin (release and cell content) increased between 2 and 8 d of estradiol treatment, indicating an increase of both synthesis and release of prolactin. This finding was in agreement with TEM observations because, in estradiol-treated prolactin cells, the Golgi saccules were distended and Golgi elements were increased, thus indicating increased synthetic activity of these cells. The addition of TRH over a 4-h period resulted in a significant degranulation of prolactin cells. In contrast, prolactin secretory granules became accumulated in the cells after CB-154 treatment for a period ranging from 4 to 24 h. In agreement, light microscope immunocytochemistry showed an increased reaction for prolactin after short-term (< 24 h) incubation with CB-154. Because prolactin cells represent approximately 70% of the glandular cell population as revealed by immunocytochemistry, it was then possible to observe the changes of cell surface by SEM. In most cells, estradiol and TRH led to an increase in the number and prominence of microvilli and blebs, whereas CB-154 treatment resulted in a slightly decreased number of microvilli and an increased occurrence of membrane foldings. This report thus provides morphological evidence for the stimulatory effects of estradiol and TRH, and the inhibitory effects of CB-154 on prolactin secretion in pituitary cells in primary culture. These data, moreover, show that acute changes in secretory activity of prolactin-secreting cells are accompanied by marked changes of their morphological characteristics.
Multiscale Bayesian Methods for Discrete Tomography (1999)

Statistical methods of discrete tomographic reconstruction pose new problems both in stochastic modeling to define an optimal reconstruction, and in optimization to find that reconstruction. Multiscale models have succeeded in improving representation of structure of varying scale in imagery, a chronic problem for common Markov random fields. This chapter shows that associated multiscale methods of optimization also avoid local minima of the log a posteriori probability better than single-resolution techniques. These methods are applied here to both segmentation/reconstruction of the unknown cross sections and estimation of unknown parameters represented by the discrete levels.
Chalcogenide Distribution in Microporous Layered Tin(IV) Thioselenide, TMA2Sn3SxSe7-x, Materials (1998)

The synthesis and characterization of 15 ternary microporous layered tin(IV) thioselenide, TMA2Sn3SxSe7-x, materials (where 0 ≤ x ≤ 7), enabled the chalcogenide distribution in the framework to be defined. The structure of the materials is based upon the apex and edge connection of three trigonal bipramidal SnSySe5-y building blocks (where 0 ≤ y ≤ 5) into a broken-cube cluster. Six of these clusters are linked together into a planar honeycomb layer arrangement of hexagonally shaped 24-atom rings that are stacked together in a parallel manner to form the microporous layered lattice. An understanding of the chalcogenide distribution necessitated a combination of powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and UV−vis diffuse-reflectance, FT-Raman, and 1H/119Sn CP/MAS NMR spectroscopies. PXRD established the arrangement of chalcogenides in the porous layers, UV−vis diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy determined the organization at the level of the clusters, while FT-Raman and NMR spectroscopies elucidated the local distribution around the trigonal bipyramids. By investigation of the TMA2Sn3SxSe7-x structure at these different length scales, it was found that the chalcogenide distribution is statistical at the global level of the unit cell but displays site selectivity at the local level of the trigonal bipyramids.
A pre-search estimation algorithm for MEDLINE strategies with qualifiers. (1994)

Inexperienced users of online medical databases often have difficulty formulating their queries. Systems designed to assist them usually do not estimate how effective the initial search strategy will be before performing an actual search. Consequently, the search may find an overwhelming number of citations, or retrieve nothing at all. We have developed an estimation algorithm to predict the outcome of a MEDLINE search. The portion of the algorithm described here estimates retrieval for strategies containing qualifiers. In test searches, the estimate reduced the trial-and-error of strategy formulation. However, the accuracy of the estimate fell short of expectations. Our results show that pre-search estimation for strategies with qualifiers cannot be performed effectively with only the occurrence data that is presently available. They further imply that automated search intermediaries can benefit from medical knowledge which expresses the relationships that exist between terms.
The Injured Shoulder in High-Level Male Gymnasts, Part 2: Can Athletes Return to Competition After Surgery? (2021)

Most gymnasts who required surgical treatment for a shoulder injury were able to return to competition at their previous level, although there was a considerable postoperative recovery period. Current arthroscopic reconstruction techniques were effective for treating structural lesions and allowing return to high-level gymnastics.
Gradient‐Index (GRIN) Lenses and Other Optical Elements by Slurrybased Three Dimensional Printing (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experiments Results Discussion Conclusion Acknowledgement
Development and fabrication of monolithically integrated optical packet switches (2007)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.osa-jon.org/virtual_issue.cfm?vid=26"&gt;Feature Issue on Photonics in Switching&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;We report development activities towards realization of fully integrated1×2, 2×2, and 4×4 cross-point optical switches for WDM-packet-based data networking. Two enabling technologies, quantum-well intermixing and etched turning mirrors, are developed and demonstrated in InGaAs/InAlGaAs InP-based material at a wavelength of 1.55 μm. We describe the use of both technologies to fabricate switch chips with different port counts.
Design and architecture of a series elastic snake robot (2014)

This paper details the design and architecture of a series elastic actuated snake robot, the SEA Snake. The robot consists of a series chain of 1-DOF modules that are capable of torque, velocity and position control. Additionally, each module includes a high-speed Ethernet communications bus, internal IMU, modular electro-mechanical interface, and ARM based on-board control electronics.
DIRECT IN VIVO GENE TRANSFER TO UROLOGICAL ORGANS (1999)

Patients with urological disorders may benefit from gene based therapy. We investigated the feasibility of delivering exogenous genes into urological tissues in vivo using direct in vivo electrotransfection.Gene transfer to rat kidneys, testes and bladders was accomplished via direct local injection of pGL3/luciferase and beta-galactosidase reporter gene constructs, followed by an electrical pulse ranging from 55 to 115 msec at 100 V. Direct injection of deoxyribonucleic acid without an electrical pulse served as the control. The transfected and nontransfected organs were retrieved and analyzed by luciferase activity assay, histochemical and immunocytochemical staining for beta-galactosidase, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for beta-galactosidase messenger ribonucleic acid.There was significant luciferase activity 1, 3 and 5 days after direct in vivo electrotransfection in kidneys and testes, and after 3, 5, 7 and 10 days in bladders. Positive beta-galactosidase enzyme activity and beta-galactosidase immunoreactivity were observed in the transfected renal tubular cells, testicular interstitial and germ cells, and uroepithelial bladder layer. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products of the transfected organs were noted, indicating the successful transcription of messenger ribonucleic acid.This study demonstrates that direct in vivo electrotransfection is a feasible method of transient gene delivery into intact urological organs. Its apparent safety and relative simplicity suggest that direct in vivo electrotransfection may be useful clinically.
On the Matrix-Cut Rank of Polyhedra (2001)

Lovász and Schrijver (1991) described a semidefinite operator for generating strong valid inequalities for the 0-1 vectors in a prescribed polyhedron. Among their results, they showed that n iterations of the operator are sufficient to generate the convex hull of 0-1 vectors contained in a polyhedron in n-space. We give a simple example, having Chvátal rank 1, that meets this worst case bound of n. We describe another example requiring n iterations even when combining the semidefinite and Gomory-Chvátal operators. This second example is used to show that the standard linear programming relaxation of a k-city traveling salesman problem requires at least ⌊k/8⌋ iterations of the combined operator; this bound is best possible, up to a constant factor, as k + 1 iterations suffice.
Field Performance of High Oleic Soybeans with Mutant FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B Genes in Tennessee (2019)

Abstract Soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with high oleic acid (&gt;75%) has increased oxidative stability and health benefits that are valuable for food, fuel, and industrial products. It has been determined that two naturally occurring mutations in genes FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B can combine to produce high oleic soybeans. The objective of this study was to test the effect of these mutant alleles on seed yield and oil and protein concentration. Molecular markers assisted in the creation of a population of 48 BC 3 F 2:4 lines (93.75% expected genome commonality). Each line was classified into one of four genotypic groups where both FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B genes were either homozygous wild type or mutant, respectively. Twelve lines for each genotypic group were evaluated in three replications at six locations across Tennessee. There was no seed yield difference between the high oleic genotypic group and the other groups ( P &lt; 0.05). On the other hand, there were differences in fatty acid profiles and oil and protein concentrations. In combination, the mutant FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B alleles produced a mean of 803.1 g kg −1 oleic acid. This is, on average, approximately 500 g kg −1 more oleic acid compared to soybean lines with only one mutant FAD2 ‐1 allele. The high oleic double mutant group had more total oil (228.0 g kg −1 ) and protein (401.0 g kg −1 ) compared to all other genotypic groups ( P &lt; 0.05). Overall, this specific combination of mutant FAD2‐1A and FAD2‐1B alleles appears to generate conventional high oleic soybeans without a yield drag.
Efficient synthesis of the corticosteroid side-chain from 17-ketones (1981)

Steroidal 17-ketones react smoothly with diethyl α-isocyanoethyl phosphonate to give, after suitable oxidative and hydrolytic reactions, the dihydroxy-acetone side-chain of corticosteroids in high yield.
Five pillars of centromeric chromatin in fungal pathogens (2018)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Methyl parathion detection in vegetables and fruits using silver@graphene nanoribbons nanocomposite modified screen printed electrode (2017)

We have developed a sensitive electrochemical sensor for Organophosphorus pesticide methyl parathion (MP) using silver particles supported graphene nanoribbons (Ag@GNRs). The Ag@GNRs nanocomposite was prepared through facile wet chemical strategy and characterized by TEM, EDX, XRD, Raman, UV-visible, electrochemical and impedance spectroscopies. The Ag@GNRs film modified screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) delivers excellent electrocatalytic ability to the reduction of MP. The Ag@GNRs/SPCE detects sub-nanomolar concentrations of MP with excellent selectivity. The synergic effects between special electrocatalytic ability of Ag and excellent physicochemical properties of GNRs (large surface area, high conductivity, high area-normalized edge-plane structures and abundant catalytic sites) make the composite highly suitable for MP sensing. Most importantly, the method is successfully demonstrated in vegetables and fruits which revealed its potential real-time applicability in food analysis.
The same domain motif for ubiquinone reduction in mitochondrial or chloroplast NADH dehydrogenase and bacterial glucose dehydrogenase (1990)

The respiratory chain NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase (NADH dehydrogenase or Complex I) of mitochondria comprises some 30 different subunits, and one FMN and 4 or 5 iron-sulfur clusters as internal redox groups. The bacterial glucose dehydrogenase, which oxidizes glucose to gluconolactone in the periplasmatic space and transfers the electrons to ubiquinone, is a single polypeptide chain with pyrolloquinoline quinone as the only redox group. We report here that the two different enzymes have the same ubiquinone binding domain motif and we discuss the predicted membrane folding of this domain with regard to its role in the proton translocating function of the two enzymes.
A High-Rate Software-Defined Underwater Acoustic Modem With Real-Time Adaptation Capabilities (2018)

There is an emerging need for high-rate underwater acoustic (UW-A) communication platforms to enable a new generation of underwater monitoring applications including video streaming. At the same time, modern UW-A communication architectures need to be flexible to adapt and optimize their communication parameters in real time based on the environmental conditions. Existing UW-A modems are limited in terms of achievable data rates and ability to adapt the protocol stack in real time. To overcome this limitation, we present the design, implementation, and experimental evaluation of a new high-rate software-defined acoustic modem (SDAM) with real-time adaptation capabilities for UW-A communications. We introduce new physical-layer adaptation mechanisms that enable either joint adaptation of communication parameters such as modulation constellation and channel coding rate or seamless switching between different communication technologies such as orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing and direct-sequence-spread-spectrum. The performance of the proposed SDAM has been evaluated in both indoor (water tank) and outdoor (lake) environments. We demonstrated that the SDAM achieves 104 kbit/s with bit-error-rate (BER) of 2 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , 208 kbit/s with BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , and 260 kbit/s with BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> in real time over a 200 m horizontal link at a very-shallow lake environment.
Improved mass determination of isolated biological objects by transmission electron microscopy and scanning microdensitometry. (1982)

A modification of the classical method of Bahr and Zeitler for dry mass determination of isolated biological objects is described. The method uses a conventional transmission electron microscope (TEM) and a computer-controlled scanning microdensitometer. The performance of the modified method has been investigated by applying it to model specimens (polystyrene latex spheres). The method offers significant improvements over the existing TEM-based mass determination method.
Trace gas detection of C2H4by photoacoustic spectroscopy using a compact pulsed optical parametric oscillator (2005)

A compact pulsed optical parametric oscillator operated in an optical cavity with a grazing-incidence grating configuration was used to demonstrate sensitive photoacoustic detection of trace quantities of ethylene (C 2 H 4 ). An IR wavelength within the absorption band of ethylene that produces minimal signal interference by background gases was identified. Using this IR wavelength, a concentration sensitivity of 10 parts in 10 9 by volume of C 2 H 4 in nitrogen was measured with 60 mW of IR power in a single-pass configuration. The method of measuring the signal by fixing the IR wavelength at the absorption peak was compared with that of scanning the IR wavelength across the absorption maximum.