gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building the Mobile Computing Environment through Context-Aware Service Management (2009)

A whole new thinking is needed for mobile computing. We call this the Mobile Computing Environment. This encompasses a deep understanding of requirements for the mobile user and the specific mechanisms required to effectively supply services (a combination of applications and resources pertaining to those applications) to a broad variety of mobile devices. This chapter provides an overview of this emerging field, together with an outline of Appear's solution for this new environment.
Synthesis, Structure and Electrochemical Properties of LiFe2P3O10 Synthesized by Wet Chemistry (2007)

We present the synthesis and characterization of a novel lithium iron polyphosphate LiFe2P3O10. Powders were prepared by wet-chemical technique from nitrate precursors followed by a series of thermal treatments. The crystal system is shown to be monoclinic (P21/m space group) and the refined cell parameters are a=4.596 Aå, b=8.566 Aå, c=9.051 Aå and β=97.46{degree sign}. LiFe2P3O10 has a weak ferromagnetic ordering below the Néel temperature TN=19 K. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in lithium cells with LiPF6-EC-DEC electrolyte at 25 {degree sign}C. The material delivered a capacity 70 mAh/g in the voltage range 2.7-3.9 V. The resulting cyclic voltammogram indicates a stable structure with a good reversibility with the redox peaks at 3.26 and 3.13 V vs. Li0/Li+.
Effectiveness of combined modality radiotherapy of orthotopic human squamous cell carcinomas in Nu/Nu mice using cetuximab, tirapazamine and MnSOD-plasmid liposome gene therapy. (2010)

Hypoxic regions limit the radiocontrollability of head and neck carcinomas. Whether or not combinations of plasmid/liposome mediated overexpression of normal tissue protective manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), cetuximab (C225), and the hypoxic cytotoxin tirapazamine (TPZ) enhanced radiotherapeutic effects was tested in a CAL-33 orthotopic mouse cheek tumor model. The tumor volume continued to increase in the control (untreated) mice, with a ninefold increase by 10 days when the tumors exceeded 2 cm(3). The mice receiving 14 Gy only showed reduced tumor growth to 3.1+/-0.1 fold at day 10. The mice receiving MnSOD-PL, C225, TPZ plus 14 Gy had the best outcome with 0.7+/-0.1 fold increase in tumor volume by 10 days (p=0.015) compared to irradiation only. The addition of MnSOD-PL, TPZ, and C225 to irradiation optimized the therapeutic ratio for the local control of hypoxic region-containing CAL-33 orthotopic tumors.
Computational Analysis of Whole-Genome Differential Allelic Expression Data in Human (2010)

Allelic imbalance (AI) is a phenomenon where the two alleles of a given gene are expressed at different levels in a given cell, either because of epigenetic inactivation of one of the two alleles, or because of genetic variation in regulatory regions. Recently, Bing et al. have described the use of genotyping arrays to assay AI at a high resolution (approximately 750,000 SNPs across the autosomes). In this paper, we investigate computational approaches to analyze this data and identify genomic regions with AI in an unbiased and robust statistical manner. We propose two families of approaches: (i) a statistical approach based on z-score computations, and (ii) a family of machine learning approaches based on Hidden Markov Models. Each method is evaluated using previously published experimental data sets as well as with permutation testing. When applied to whole genome data from 53 HapMap samples, our approaches reveal that allelic imbalance is widespread (most expressed genes show evidence of AI in at least one of our 53 samples) and that most AI regions in a given individual are also found in at least a few other individuals. While many AI regions identified in the genome correspond to known protein-coding transcripts, others overlap with recently discovered long non-coding RNAs. We also observe that genomic regions with AI not only include complete transcripts with consistent differential expression levels, but also more complex patterns of allelic expression such as alternative promoters and alternative 3' end. The approaches developed not only shed light on the incidence and mechanisms of allelic expression, but will also help towards mapping the genetic causes of allelic expression and identify cases where this variation may be linked to diseases.
Multichannel sampling of low light level scenes with unknown shifts (2013)

Images captured under low-light conditions are noisy as a result of photon statistics and quantization error, among other reasons. Such statistical limitations can be reduced by using pixels with larger areas, but this approach leads to aliasing artifacts. We propose a maximum-likelihood version of super-resolution for low-light conditions in which Fourier image coefficients and unknown spatial shifts between captured frames are estimated iteratively, all in order to produce the single image with high expected fidelity. We illustrate the power of our method on both one-dimensional synthetic data and on two-dimensional medical images.
Genome-wide assessment of imprinted expression in human cells (2011)

Our results indicate that widespread parent-of-origin-dependent expression observed recently in rodents is unlikely to be captured by assessment of human cells derived from adult tissues where genome-wide assessment of both primary and immortalized cells yields few new imprinted loci.
Transformed dissipation in superconducting quantum circuits (2008)

Superconducting quantum circuits must be designed carefully to avoid dissipation from coupling to external control circuitry. We describe a reformulation of dissipation theory based on a current-to-current transformer model. We test this theory with an experimentally determined impedance transformation of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{5}$ and find quantitative agreement better than a factor of 2 between this transformation and the reduced lifetime of a phase qubit coupled to a tunable transformer. Higher-order corrections from quantum fluctuations are also calculated with this theory, but found not to limit the qubit lifetime. We also illustrate how this simple connection between current and impedance transformation can be used to rule out dissipation sources in experimental qubit systems.
Crossing borders to bind proteins—a new concept in protein recognition based on the conjugation of small organic molecules or short peptides to polypeptides from a designed set (2011)

A new concept for protein recognition and binding is highlighted. The conjugation of small organic molecules or short peptides to polypeptides from a designed set provides binder molecules that bind proteins with high affinities, and with selectivities that are equal to those of antibodies. The small organic molecules or peptides need to bind the protein targets but only with modest affinities and selectivities, because conjugation to the polypeptides results in molecules with dramatically improved binder performance. The polypeptides are selected from a set of only sixteen sequences designed to bind, in principle, any protein. The small number of polypeptides used to prepare high-affinity binders contrasts sharply with the huge libraries used in binder technologies based on selection or immunization. Also, unlike antibodies and engineered proteins, the polypeptides have unordered three-dimensional structures and adapt to the proteins to which they bind. Binder molecules for the C-reactive protein, human carbonic anhydrase II, acetylcholine esterase, thymidine kinase 1, phosphorylated proteins, the D-dimer, and a number of antibodies are used as examples to demonstrate that affinities are achieved that are higher than those of the small molecules or peptides by as much as four orders of magnitude. Evaluation by pull-down experiments and ELISA-based tests in human serum show selectivities to be equal to those of antibodies. Small organic molecules and peptides are readily available from pools of endogenous ligands, enzyme substrates, inhibitors or products, from screened small molecule libraries, from phage display, and from mRNA display. The technology is an alternative to established binder concepts for applications in drug development, diagnostics, medical imaging, and protein separation.
Optimizing Laser Conditions and Controlling Microstructure/Properties of Laser Powder Bed Fused Al-Si Alloys (2022)

In the laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) processes, laser parameters need to be customized for fabricating dense components. Al-Si alloys are representative Al alloys used for the PBF-LB processes. The Al-Si alloys fabricated by the PBF-LB processes exhibit characteristic microstructures and mechanical properties, which are affected by the laser parameters. This paper describes the effect of laser conditions on the relative density, microstructure, and mechanical properties of Al-12Si (mass%) alloy fabricated by the PBF-LB process. The first topic is a machine-learning-assisted exploration of laser parameters (laser power and scan speed) for fabricating dense Al-12Si alloy parts. Using a neural network model, the laser condition range for fabricating dense Al-12Si alloy parts is predicted. A methodology for accurately predicting the laser condition range for fabricating dense components is introduced. The second topic is controlling the microstructures and mechanical properties of the dense Al-12Si alloys. Variations in α-Al crystal grain size/orientation, the width of primary α-Al phase, and solute Si content in α-Al matrix with laser conditions are introduced. The changes in mechanical properties with laser conditions and correlation with microstructural features are also described.
Nanoconfinement in miniemulsion increases reaction rates of thiol–ene photopolymerization and yields high molecular weight polymers (2022)

Photoinitiated thiol–ene polymerization was performed in bulk and miniemulsion. We show that the compartmentalization of the reaction inside nanodroplets led to faster reaction kinetics and yielded polymers with higher molecular weight.
Blocking Performance Improvements for 4H-SiC P-GTO Thyristors with Carrier Lifetime Enhancement Processes (2018)

An investigation into the increased leakage currents and reduced blocking voltages associated with 1450°C lifetime enhancement oxidation for the 4H-SiC p-GTOs is presented. Roughening of the 4H-SiC surface due to localized crystallization of SiO 2 , or crystobalite formation, during the high temperature oxidation was identified as one of the main causes of this issue. A factor of 30 difference in permeability to O 2 between amorphous SiO 2 and crystobalite caused uneven oxidation, which resulted in significant roughness. This roughness, placed at the metallurgical junction between the gate and the drift layer, where the E-field is greatest, is believed to be responsible for the premature breakdown characteristics. A 2-step lifetime enhancement process, which moves this roughness to the lower E-field region of the device was introduced to alleviate this issue. A 15 kV 4H-SiC p-GTO with the 2-step lifetime enhancement process demonstrated a significant reduction in V F over the 1300°C oxidized devices, without any impact on blocking characteristics.
ON MACROBLOCK PARTITIONFOR MOTION COMPENSATION (2006)

In theH.264/AVCvideocodingstandard, motion compensation canbeperformed bypartitioning macroblocks intosquare orrectangular sub-macroblocks inaquadtree decomposition. Thispaperstudies amotion compensation method using wedges, i.e. partitioning macroblocks orsubmacroblocks into tworegions byanarbitrary line segment. Thistechnique allows theshapes ofthedivided regions to better matchtheboundaries betweenmovingobjects. However, there arealarge numberofwaystoslice ablock andsearching exhaustively overallofthemwouldbean extremely computer-intensive task. Thus, wepropose afast algorithm whichdetects thepredominant edgeorientations within ablock inorder topre-select candidate wedgelines. Finally acomparison amongmacroblock partition methods isperformed, whichpoints tothehigher performance ofthe wedgepartition method.
Gaze beats mouse (2008)

Facial EMG for selection is fast, easy and, combined with gaze pointing, it can provide completely hands-free interaction. In this pilot study, 5 participants performed a simple point-and-select task using mouse or gaze for pointing and a mouse button or a facial-EMG switch for selection. Gaze pointing was faster than mouse pointing, while maintaining a similar error rate. EMG and mouse-button selection had a comparable performance. From analyses of completion time, throughput and error rates, we concluded that the combination of gaze and facial EMG holds potential for outperforming the mouse.
Investigation of electrochemical etch differences in AlGaAs heterostructures using Cl2 ion beam assisted etching (2014)

A deeply etched, anisotropic 45° and 90° mirror technology is developed for AlxGa1−xAs heterostructures using a Cl2 ion beam assisted etching system. When etching vertically, using a conductive low-erosion Ni mask, electrochemical etch differences between layers with various Al mole fractions caused nonuniform sidewall profiles not seen in semi-insulating GaAs test samples. These variations, based on alloy composition, were found to be negligible when etching at a 45°. A Si3N4-Ni etch mask is designed in order to electrically isolate charge buildup caused by the incoming Ar+ ion beam to the Ni layer, preventing conduction to the underlying epitaxial layers. This modification produced smoothly etched facets, up to 8 μm in depth, enabling fabrication of substrate–surface-emitting slab-coupled optical waveguide lasers and other optoelectronic devices.
Ammonia decomposition on silicon surfaces studied using transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1991)

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy was used to monitor the decomposition of NH3 and ND3 on silicon surfaces. Experiments were performed in situ in an ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) chamber using high surface area porous silicon samples. The FTIR spectra revealed that NH3 (ND3) dissociatively adsorbs at 300 K to form SiH (SiD) and SiNH2 (SiND2) surface species. A comparison of the vibrational absorbances for the SiNH2 and Si2NH surface species indicated that the Si2NH species could account for ≤8% of the surface coverage at 300 K. The infrared absorbances of the SiN–H2 (SiN–D2 ) scissors mode at 1534 cm−1 (1157 cm−1 ), the Si–H (Si–D) stretch at 2077 cm−1 (1510 cm−1 ) and the Si3 –N vibrational modes at 930 and 750 cm−1 were employed to monitor the decomposition of the SiNH2 (SiND2) surface species. As the silicon surface was annealed to 700 K, the FTIR spectra revealed that the SiNH2 (SiND2) surface species gradually decomposed to produce Si3N species and additional SiH species. Above 680 K, the SiH surface species decreased concurrently with the desorption of H2 from the porous silicon surface. The uptake of surface species at various adsorption temperatures was also monitored as a function of NH3 (ND3) exposure time. These studies revealed that similar results were obtained after NH3 (ND3) was adsorbed to saturation coverage at a particular adsorption temperature and after the surface was annealed to the same temperature following a saturation NH3 (ND3) exposure at 300 K.
Noninvasive determination of respiratory ozone absorption: development of a fast-responding ozone analyzer. (1991)

We developed a chemiluminescent ozone analyzer and constructed an ozone bolus generator with the eventual goal of using a bolus-response method to measure noninvasively the longitudinal distribution of ozone absorption in human lungs. Because the analyzer will be used to sample gases within a single breath, it must have a sufficiently rapid response to monitor changes in ozone concentration during a four-second breathing period, yet its sampling flow must be small enough that it does not interfere with quiet respiratory flows of 300 mL/sec. Our analyzer, which is based on the chemiluminescent reaction between 2-methyl-2-butene and ozone, has favorable performance characteristics: a 90 percent step-response time of 110 msec; a linear calibration from 0.03 to 10 parts per million (ppm)2 with a sensitivity of 2.3 nA/ppm; a signal-to-noise ratio of 30 evaluated at 0.5 ppm; and a minimum detection limit of 0.017 ppm. At an airflow corresponding to quiet breathing, the ozone generator is capable of producing single boluses with a peak ozone fraction as high as 4 ppm, but containing only 0.35 micrograms of ozone dispersed over a small volume of 19 mL. To test the combination of ozone analyzer and bolus generator, we performed bolus-response experiments at steady airflows of 50 to 200 mL/sec in excised pig and sheep tracheas. In spite of the small surface area available for radial diffusion, we found that 25 to 50 percent of the ozone introduced into the trachea was absorbed. By comparing the mathematical moments of the bolus input and the response curves to the predictions of a diffusion theory, we computed an absorption coefficient (K). The values of K increased with increasing airflow, implying that ozone absorption is limited by diffusion processes in the airway lumen as well as in the surrounding tissue.
Treat: A New and Efficient Match Algorithm for Ai Production Systems (1988)

Describes the architecture and software systems embodying the DADO machine, a parallel tree-structured computer designed to improve over serial computers comparable complexity in the execution of large expert systems implemented i production system form. Contributes a new match algorithm for execut
Functional Optical Devices Based on Highly Ordered Metal Nanostructures Obtained Using Anodic Porous Alumina (2015)

The fabrication of an array of square metal nanodots using anodic porous alumina as an evaporation mask and its application to a substrate for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurement are described in detail. The nanodot shape could be controlled by changing the shape of the nanoholes in the anodic porous alumina. The obtained Au nanodot array could be applied to a substrate for SERS measurement with high sensitivity. It is expected that this process can be applied to fabricate not only highly ordered metal nanodot arrays but also functional optical devices.
Wideband printed fat dipole fed by tapered microstrip balun (2004)

In this paper, a printed fat dipole fed by a tapered microstrip balun is proposed. This antenna provides very wide impedance bandwidth of more than 90% (VSWR<2) and little squint radiation patterns. Additionally, we present an antenna design using a microwave absorber to obtain stable radiation patterns across the entire impedance bandwidth. The time-domain EM simulator Microwave Studio 3.4 was used to predict the antenna performance. Details of the proposed antenna and experimental results are discussed.
Increased expression of matrilin‐3 not only in osteoarthritic articular cartilage but also in cartilage‐forming tumors, and down‐regulation of SOX9 via epidermal growth factor domain 1–dependent signaling (2008)

Aberrant expression and processing of MATN3 are hallmarks of conventional cartilaginous neoplasms. A particular step in the maturation of MATN3 limits its processing through the secretion machinery, resulting in its intracellular accumulation upon increased expression. Soluble, secreted MATN3, however, down-regulates SOX9 at the messenger RNA and protein levels. The first EGF-like domain of MATN3 is a critical determinant of its regulatory activity toward SOX9. These activities of MATN3 suggest that its increased expression in osteoarthritis might contribute to the degeneration of articular cartilage.
Abstract 4675: B-cell and T-cell repertoire sequencing enables somatic hypermutation and minimal residual disease assessment (2018)

Abstract The study of complex immunological diseases has progressed through recent developments that enable the sequencing of the immune repertoire. Using this approach, the interrogation of disease progression is facilitated through analysis of millions of V(D)J combinations from both B-cell antibodies and T-cell Receptors (TCR). One major challenge of immune repertoire sequencing is to capture the structural and sequence complexities of antibody and TCR genes. We have developed and optimized a method for accurate sequencing of full-length immune gene repertoires of B-cells and T-cells. RNA extracted from PBMCs were used to generate immune sequencing libraries in duplicate from a single patient. Using a unique barcoding scheme specifically designed to discretely barcode each mRNA molecule with a unique molecule index (UMI), PCR copies of each mRNA fragment can be collapsed into a single consensus sequence, improving accuracy through the resolution of PCR bias and sequencing errors. Utilization of the UMIs enabled absolute quantification of input RNA molecules and accurate ranking of the antibody/TCR clone abundance. This approach was also applied to the analysis of tumor samples for abundance of expanded clones through clustering based on V gene, J gene and CDR3 similarity and ranking by mRNA abundance. The use of isotype-specific primers (IgM, IgD, IgG, IgA and IgE) enabled measurement of the heavy chain isotype proportions within the samples. Full-length heavy chain antibody sequences generated using this method were aligned to germline genes from reference databases, enabling quantitation of the mutation level of each antibody sequence, providing information on the overall maturity and mutational profile of the sample repertoire. Additionally, this approach was capable of detecting minimal residual diseases by sensitive quantification of TCR rearrangement. This novel method allows for exhaustive somatic mutation profiling across complete V, D and J segments and full isotype information analysis. The information obtained enables the possibility for synthesis and expression of complete antibody chains and T-cell receptor chains for downstream immunological assays. Citation Format: Chen Song, Pingfang Liu, Andrew Barry, Eileen T. Dimalanta, Fiona J. Stewart, Salvatore Russello, Theodore B. Davis. B-cell and T-cell repertoire sequencing enables somatic hypermutation and minimal residual disease assessment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4675.
17O NMR study of substituent effects in 4-substituted N-chlorobenzamides and comparison with 4-substituted benzamides: sensitivity to ring substituents (ρ) reflects electronic and steric effects (1997)

Natural abundance 17O NMR spectra of 4-substituted N-chlorobenzamides were obtained in acetonitrile at 75 °C and compared with those for similarly substituted benzamides. An excellent correlation (δ = 5.43σ + + 350.1, r = 0.998) was obtained when the 17O chemical shifts of N-chlorobenzamides were plotted against σ+ and using σ- for the 4-nitro derivative. Based on the greater electronegativity of the N-chloro group the value of ρ observed for N-chlorobenzamides (5.4) would have been expected to be greater compared to that of benzamides (7.3). It is concluded that the 17O chemical shift in N-chlorobenzamides is very sensitive to torsion angle and that is why a low value of ρ is obtained. Sensitivity (ρ) of the chemical shift to ring substituents cannot be used as an unambiguous measure of electronic effects in systems where the torsion angle is greater than zero.
Randomized trial of lidocaine ointment versus placebo for the treatment of postpartum perineal pain (2002)

Topical application of 5% lidocaine ointment was not effective in relieving episiotomy or perineal laceration pain.