gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical analysis of Al vapour effects in gas metal arc welding of Al alloys (2014)

Using an in-house three-dimensional (GMAW) process simulation tool, the effects of Al vapour in the arc welding of aluminium alloys for various welding currents have been studied. The mathematical model, which takes into account the effects of metal vapour, is described. A bead-on-Al-plate problem is then modelled, with and without consideration of the Al vapour for various welding currents. The effects of the Al vapour on the energy flow of the system and the resulting weld profile are examined. The calculated plasma temperatures are compared with measured temperatures. The change of heat input to the workpiece due to the presence of Al vapour is examined. Finally, the calculated weld profiles with and without consideration of Al vapour are compared with actual weld profiles. It is found that the presence of Al vapour reduces the arc temperature and the weld depth significantly.
An Analytical Model Relating FPGA Architecture to Logic Density and Depth (2010)

This paper presents an analytical model that relates FPGA architectural parameters to the logic size and depth of an FPGA implementation. In particular, the model relates the lookup-table size, the cluster size, and the number of inputs per cluster to the amount of logic that can be packed into each lookup-table and cluster, the number of used inputs per cluster, and the depth of the circuit after technology mapping and clustering. Comparison to experimental results shows that our model has good accuracy. We illustrate how the model can be used in FPGA architectural investigations to complement the experimental approach. The model's accuracy, combined with the simple form of the equations, make them a powerful tool for FPGA architects to better understand and guide the development of future FPGA architectures.
Meta-Analysis of Candidate Surrogate End Points in Advanced Prostate Cancer (2023)

BACKGROUND: The Intermediate Clinical Endpoints in Cancer of the Prostate (ICECaP) working group identified metastasis-free survival as a valid surrogate end point for overall survival (OS) for patients with localized prostate cancer. No comparably validated surrogate end points exist in advanced prostate cancer. METHODS: We searched for trials in advanced prostate cancer, defined as node-positive, metastatic castration-sensitive, nonmetastatic, or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eligible randomized trials reported OS and one or more intermediate clinical end points, including biochemical failure (BF), clinical failure, biochemical failure–free survival (BFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and radiographic PFS. Candidacy for surrogacy was assessed by using the second condition of the meta-analytic approach; R2 was weighted by the inverse variance of the log intermediate clinical end point hazard ratio and defined as R2>0.70. RESULTS: A total of 143 randomized trials (n=75,601 patients) were included. No candidate end points met the criteria for surrogacy (R2 BF [n=28,922], 0.42 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.18 to 0.64]; BFS [n=25,741], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.37 to 0.73]; clinical failure [n=22,616], 0.31 [95% CI, 0.075 to 0.56]; PFS [n=52,639], 0.50 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.63]; and radiographic PFS [n=52,548], 0.50 [95% CI, 0.35 to 0.63]). Within preplanned subgroups according to castration-sensitive or castration-resistant disease or according to treatment type, neither BFS nor PFS consistently met criteria for surrogacy. Sensitivity analyses showed that candidacy for surrogacy of all end points tested did not change over time. CONCLUSIONS: Our aggregate screening method for surrogate end points in advanced prostate cancer showed that commonly used clinical end points are not clear valid surrogate end points for OS. (Funded by the Prostate Cancer Foundation and the National Cancer Institute.)
Approximating a 2-edge-connected subgraph problem. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Adaptable and Data-Driven Softwarized Networks: Review, Opportunities, and Challenges (2019)

Communication networks are the key enabling technology for our digital society. In order to sustain their critical services in the future, communication networks need to flexibly accommodate new requirements and changing contexts due to emerging diverse applications. In contrast to traditional networking technologies, software-oriented networking concepts, such as software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV), provide ample opportunities for highly flexible network operations, enabling fast and simple adaptation of network resources and flows. This paper identifies the opportunities and challenges of adaptable softwarized networks and introduces a conceptual framework for adaptations in softwarized networks. We first explain how softwarized networks contribute to network adaptability through the functional primitives observation, composition, and control. We review the wide range of options for fine-granular observations as well as fine-granular composition and control provided by SDN and NFV. The multitude of fine-granular “tuning knobs” in adaptable softwarized networks complicates the decision making, which is the main focus of this paper. We propose to enhance the functional primitives observation, composition, and control with data-driven decision making, e.g., machine learning modules, resulting in deep observation, composition, and control. The data-driven decision making modules can learn and react to changes in the environment, e.g., new flow demands, so as to support meaningful decision making for adaptation in softwarized networks. Finally, we make the case for employing the concept of empowerment to realize truly “self-driving” networks.
Synthesis and biological studies of simplified analogs of lyngbyatoxin A; use of an isoxazoline-based indole synthesis. Quest for protein kinase C modulators (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and biological studies of simplified analogs of lyngbyatoxin A; use of an isoxazoline-based indole synthesis. Quest for protein kinase C modulatorsAlan P. Kozikowski, Kazuo Sato, Alakananda Basu, and John S. LazoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 16, 6228–6234Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00198a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00198a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Molecular engineering for optical properties of 5-substituted-1,10-phenanthroline-based Ru(ii) complexes (2021)

A series of homo- and heteroleptic Ru(ii) complexes [Ru(phen)3-n(phen-X)n](PF6)2 (n = 0-3, X = CN, epoxy, H, NH2) were prepared and characterized. The influence of electron-withdrawing or electron-releasing substituents of the 1,10-phenanthroline ligands on the photo-physical properties was evaluated. It reveals fundamental interests in the fine tuning of redox potentials and photo-physical characteristics, depending both on the nature of the substitution of the ligand, and on the symmetry of the related homo- or heteroleptic complex. These complexes exhibit linear absorption and two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-sections over a broad range of wavelength (700-900 nm) due to absorption in the intra-ligand charge transfer (ILCT) and the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) bands. These 2PA properties were more particularly investigated in the 700-1000 spectral range for a family of complexes bearing electro-donating ligands (phen-NH2).
Data Management Issues in Supporting Large-Scale Web Services (2006)

Abstract This paper discusses technical problems that arise in supporting large-scale 24*7 web services basedon experience at MSN with Windows Live T M services. Issues covered include multi-tier architecture, costs of commodity vs. premium servers, managing replicas, managing sessions, use of materializedviews, and controlling checkpointing. We finish with some possible research directions. 1 Introduction Large-scale web services supported by fee-for-service or advertising revenue are heavy users of database tech-nology. Such services include email, instant messaging, social networking, blogs, photo sharing, maps, shopping, and classifieds. They also include search services, though these typically use custom indexing engines, notrelational database systems.
Preparation and dissolution characteristics of indomethacin sustained release beads (1992)

Indomethacin is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent and has a short half life, and causes gastric irritation. Sustained release beads of indomethacin were prepared and dissolution profiles were investigated. Beads were prepared by allowing drops of a suspension of the drug and excipients in a solution of cellulose acetate phthalate to drop into an acetic acid solution by means of a peristaltic pump. In a previous study1, sulfadiazine was used as a model drug to prepare beads by a similar method and the effects of various viscosity agents on the properties of these beads were assessed. Glycerin, polymers (Methocel and Avicel), and surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80) were used as excipients. The incorporation of various viscosity agents and polymers into the suspension yielded beads with different disintegration and dissolution values. A high performance liquid chromatography method showed no indication of drug degradation during the preparation. The dissolution studies of the indomethacin preparations demonstrated differences in drug release properties depending on composition and method of preparation. The preparation with equal quantities of the two surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80) released the drug at the slowest rate.
Lithium Storage in Nanostructured TiO2 Made by Hydrothermal Growth. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metabolic Engineering for Resveratrol Derivative Biosynthesis in Escherichia coli (2015)

We previously reported that the SbROMT3syn recombinant protein catalyzes the production of the methylated resveratrol derivatives pinostilbene and pterostilbene by methylating substrate resveratrol in recombinant E. coli. To further study the production of stilbene compounds in E. coli by the expression of enzymes involved in stilbene biosynthesis, we isolated three stilbene synthase (STS) genes from rhubarb, peanut, and grape as well as two resveratrol O-methyltransferase (ROMT) genes from grape and sorghum. The ability of RpSTS to produce resveratrol in recombinant E. coli was compared with other AhSTS and VrSTS genes. Out of three STS, only AhSTS was able to produce resveratrol from p-coumaric acid. Thus, to improve the solubility of RpSTS, VrROMT, and SbROMT3 in E. coli, we synthesized the RpSTS, VrROMT and SbROMT3 genes following codon-optimization and expressed one or both genes together with the cinnamate/4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (CCL) gene from Streptomyces coelicolor. Our HPLC and LC-MS analyses showed that recombinant E. coli expressing both ScCCL and RpSTSsyn led to the production of resveratrol when p-coumaric acid was used as the precursor. In addition, incorporation of SbROMT3syn in recombinant E. coli cells produced resveratrol and its mono-methylated derivative, pinostilbene, as the major products from p-coumaric acid. However, very small amounts of pterostilbene were only detectable in the recombinant E. coli cells expressing the ScCCL, RpSTSsyn and SbROMT3syn genes. These results suggest that RpSTSsyn exhibits an enhanced enzyme activity to produce resveratrol and SbROMT3syn catalyzes the methylation of resveratrol to produce pinostilbene in E. coli cells.
320 Gb/s nonlinear operations based on a PPLN waveguide for optical multiplexing and wavelength conversion (2009)

Limitations and potentials of nonlinearities in PPLN waveguides for ultra-fast all-optical processing have been experimentally investigated. A combination of pump depletion effect and SFG+DFG have been exploited to realize 320Gb/s optical demultiplexing and wavelength conversion.
Calibration-free structured-illumination photoacoustic flowgraphy of transverse flow in scattering media (2014)

We propose a calibration-free photoacoustic (PA) method for transverse flow measurements. In this method, a pulsed periodically structured (i.e., grating patterned) optical beam is used to illuminate flowing absorptive particles in an optically scattering medium. The PA signal amplitudes measured over consecutive laser pulses carry an imprint of the illumination structure. The modulation frequency of the imprint is proportional to the component of the flow speed projected onto the normal axis of the striped illumination pattern. This method can tolerate high particle density, and is insensitive to the particle size, thus calibration-free. Bovine blood and microsphere phantoms were used to validate the proposed method. Blood flow in a mouse ear was measured in vivo as well.
The Discovery of Obeticholic Acid (Ocaliva™): First‐in‐ClassFXRAgonist (2018)

The marketing of obeticholic acid (OCA) in the United States and Europe has been the pinnacle of a research program initiated by Roberto Pellicciari and his group at the University of Perugia in 1982. The first scientific publication on OCA as a potent and selective farnesoid X receptor (FXR) bile acid (BA) agonist was in the Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2002. OCA is evaluated in clinical trials for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). This chapter is structured to provide the reader with a historical account and rationale behind the discovery of OCA. It starts with an overview of the structural and physicochemical properties of bile acids (BAs) and their physiological roles and therapeutic applications. The importance of the contiguous hydrophobic area in BA aggregation is clearly evidenced by critical micellar concentration (CMC) values assessed for endogenous BAs such as chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA).
Comparison of Gradient Induced Peak E-fields on Simplified and Realistic Body Models (2023)

Either peak E-fields on simple geometries with uniform interior properties as suggested by IEC or coupled E-field and neurodynamic simulations on realistic body models can be employed in PNS optimal gradient coil design. Magneto quasi-static simulations were performed to compare the magnitude and location of the peak E-fields in uniform interior body models with smoothed or realistic surface features to fully heterogeneous Virtual Family models. Although peak E-fields are higher on the heterogeneous body models due to complex tissue interfaces, simplified and/or homogeneous models represent a more practical and robust approach predicting population-wide PNS performance.
[Therapeutic controversies: the treatment of Graves' disease]. (1999)

Hyperthyroidism is a common clinical condition with an annual incidence of about 1%. Approximately, 1 in every 20 women will develop this condition during a lifetime. Most cases are due to Graves'disease. Solitary toxic nodules and toxic multinodular goiters are also important but less frequent causes. In this article, we will consider only the treatment of Graves'disease. Anti-thyroid drugs, surgery and radio-iodine, all represent effective forms of treatment. There is, however, little consensus regarding the treatment of choice for specific cases. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each treatment.
Final results of a phase 2, open‐label study of indisulam, idarubicin, and cytarabine in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia and high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (2018)

The combination of indisulam with idarubicin and cytarabine yielded a 35% response rate in heavily pretreated patients with AML. With emerging data identifying the expression of DCAF15 (DDB1 and CUL4-associated factor 15) as a potential biomarker for activity, the combination of indisulam with idarubicin and cytarabine should be studied in a biomarker-driven trial or in patients who have splicing factor mutations. Cancer 2018;124:2758-65. © 2018 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2018;124:2758-2765. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Delay-Based Priority Control over Multi-Hop Wireless Mesh Networks (2007)

Wireless mesh networks are attracting more and more attention as a promising technology for the next generation access infrastructure. QoS support is a unavoidable task given the rising popularity of multimedia applications, and also a challenging task for multi-hop wireless mesh networks. Among the numerous QoS factors, end-to-end delay is one of the most critical and important issues, especially for the real time applications. Over multi-hop wireless mesh networks, end-to-end delay of a flow is highly dependant on the number of hops as well as congestion condition of the hop nodes that the flow traverses through. In this paper, we propose QoS priority control schemes based on the end-to-end QoS delay metrics in order to increase traffic accommodation, i.e., the numbers of real-time flows which satisfy the requirements of end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio over multi-hop wireless mesh networks. The first scheme enables source and forwarding nodes to perform priority control based on the number of hops of routes. The second scheme enables nodes to perform priority control based on the congestion condition of the hop nodes, where the flow traverses through. The effectiveness of the proposed schemes is investigated with NS-2 network simulator for voice and video traffics over multi-hop wireless mesh networks. Simulation results show that the scheme greatly improves the traffic accommodation for voice and video applications in multi-hop wireless mesh networks.
Ionic liquid mediated four-component synthesis of novel phthalazinone based indole-pyran hybrids as cytotoxic agents (2021)

A robust design and synthesis of novel phthalazinone based indole-pyran hybrids as cytotoxic agents is described. A relatively safer ionic liquid medium ([BMIM]BF4) was utilized to mediate a one-pot, four-component reaction to access the novel hybrids in short reaction time and good yields. The cytotoxic potential of the hybrids was investigated against selected cancer cell lines. The hybrids 5h and 5b displayed potent activity with IC50 values in the range of 5.8–9.6 μM. The insilico docking demonstrated a pronounced affinity of hybrids 5h and 5b towards the human tankyrase-1 enzyme exhibiting binding energies values of −11.2 and −10.2 kcal/mole, respectively. Additional ADME and drug likeliness analyses revealed the potential of the active hybrids to be taken forward for advanced studies.
Tunneling of Optical Pulses through Photonic Band Gaps (1994)

Propagation of electromagnetic wave packets through 1D photonic band gap materials has been studied using 12 fs optical pulses. The measured transit time is found to be paradoxically short (implying superluminal tunneling) and independent of the barrier thickness for opaque barriers, in analogy to the behavior of electrons tunneling through potential barriers. Shortening of Fourier-limited incident wave packets is observed upon transmission through these linear systems. Although in apparent conflict with causality and the uncertainty principle, neither of these general principles is violated because of the strong attenuation suffered by the transmitted signals.
Effective 'Activated PI3Kd Syndrome' -targeted therapy with PI3Kd inhibitor leniolisib (2017)

Background
Gain-of-function mutations driving PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta) enzyme activity lead to accumulation of senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy and immune-deficiency (PASLI disease), also known as Activated PI3K Syndrome (APDS). Inhibition of PI3K is a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of APDS.
Methods
We assessed leniolisib (CDZ173), a potent and selective PI3K inhibitor, in vitro for its effect on PI3K pathway activation induced by four APDS-causative p110δ variants in cell lines and in T cell blasts from patients. We then conducted a clinical trial with six APDS patients who completed a 12-week, open-label, multi-site, within-subject dose-escalation study of leniolisib to assess safety, pharmacokinetics and effects on lymphoproliferation and immune dysregulation. 
Results
Expression of APDS mutant p110δ in cell lines and patient-derived lymphocytes led to increased pathway activity, measured as phosphorylation of AKT or S6, which was suppressed by leniolisib in a concentration dependent way. Oral leniolisib led to a dose-dependent reduction in PI3K/AKT pathway activity assessed ex vivo and resolved the immune dysregulation with normalization of circulating transitional and naive B cells and reduction in PD-1+CD4+ and senescent CD57+CD8+ T cells. After 12 weeks of treatment, all patients showed amelioration of lymphoproliferation with lymph node sizes and spleen volumes reduced by 39% (mean, range 26-57%) and 40% (mean, range: 13-65%), respectively.
Conclusions
Targeting hyperactive p110 in APDS patients using leniolisib was well tolerated and showed consistent laboratory and clinical improvement, including reduction in cellular immune dysfunction and lymphoproliferation (Funded by Novartis and NIAID DIR; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02435173).
Bacterial Extracellular Vesicle Mediated Host-Pathogen Interactions in Pneumococcal Infections (2020)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a highly sophisticated cell-to-cell mailing system across all biological kingdoms. EVs have long been characterized from many Gram-negative species and, recently from Gram-positive bacteria, including the major respiratory pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus). Our studies reveal that pneumococcal-derived vesicles can be internalized by macrophages, T cells, and epithelial cells. In vitro, EVs induce cytokine signaling in macrophages, including dose-dependent NF-kB signaling in murine RAW 264.7 and human primary macrophages. When administered systemically into a mouse, pneumococcal EVs result in splenomegaly and induced a sepsis-like cytokine storm. When immobilized in a hydrogel implant for local administration into a mouse, pneumococcal EVs recruited lymphocytes and macrophages. Moreover, pneumococcal lipoproteins are major contributors to NF-kB signaling and inflammatory responses, as these phenotypes were substantially reduced with EVs from a lipoprotein deficient strain (Δlgt) as compared to EVs from the wildtype strain. Taken together, in vivo studies suggest that pneumococcal vesicles alone are sufficient to induce inflammatory responses and tissue damage in mammalian hosts. Overall, our data suggest that pneumococcal EVs display potent immunomodulatory effects on host immune cells highlighting their pivotal role during the infectious process, either by manipulating host responses or by triggering host-defense systems. Thus, pneumococcal EVs are virulence determinants and may be effective tools for vaccine development.
Chairside Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture All-Ceramic Crown and Endocrown Restorations: A 7-Year Survival Rate Study (2017)

This survival rate study reinforced the use of CAD/CAM full ceramic crowns and endocrowns on molars, showing a much more favorable survival rate for endocrowns.