gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transfer Hydrogenation and Hydrogenation of Commercial‐Grade Aldehydes to Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by 2‐(Aminomethyl)pyridine and Pincer Benzo[h]quinoline Ruthenium Complexes (2016)

Abstract The chemoselective reduction of commercial‐grade aldehydes (97–99 %) to primary alcohols is achieved with cis ‐[RuCl 2 (ampy)(PP)] [ampy=2‐(aminomethyl)pyridine; PP=1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, 1,1′‐ferrocenediyl‐bis(diphenylphosphine)] and pincer [RuCl(CNN R )(PP)] [PP=1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane, 1,4‐bis(diphenylphosphino)butane, 1,1′‐ferrocenediyl‐bis(diphenylphosphine); HCNN R =4‐substituted‐2‐aminomethyl‐benzo[ h ]quinoline; R=Me, Ph] complexes by transfer hydrogenation and hydrogenation reactions. Aromatic, conjugated, and aliphatic aldehydes are converted quantitatively to the corresponding alcohols using 2‐propanol with potassium carbonate at substrate/catalyst ratios up to 100 000 by transfer hydrogenation, whereas aldehyde hydrogenation (5–20 atm of H 2 ) is achieved efficiently in MeOH in the presence of KO t Bu at substrate/catalyst ratios up to 40 000.
A Mechanism for Shear Thickening of Polymer-Bearing Surfaces: Elasto-Hydrodynamic Coupling (1993)

We propose a mechanism for non-contact repulsive interaction between elastic bodies moving past each other in a fluid. A lateral flow along the curved surface and the resulting deformation lead to dissipative lubrication forces that act normal to the surfaces. Forces between polymer-bearing surfaces undergoing shear are calculated and seem to be important for the interpretation of surface force apparatus measurements such as those by Klein et al.
Optical lattice clocks toward 10-17 uncertainty (2010)

The concept and recent progress of optical lattice clocks are reviewed. With the clock uncertainty of 10–17 in perspective, we discuss new challenges in optical lattice clocks and possible applications of such highly accurate and stable atomic clocks.
Quantification of isoflavones in coffee by using solid phase extraction (SPE) and high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS) (2016)

A new method for extracting isoflavones from espresso coffee (EC) was coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the first time to analyse five isoflavones, which included both a glycosilated form, genistin and the aglycons daidzein, genistein, formononetin and biochanin A. Isoflavones were extracted from coffee samples using methanol, stored in a freezer overnight to precipitate proteic or lipidic residues and purified on SPE C18 cartridges before high-performance liquid chromatography-MS/MS analysis. The recovery percentages obtained by spiking the matrix at concentrations of 10 and 100 µg l(-1) with a standard mixture of isoflavones were in the range of 70 to 104%. The limits of detection and limits of quantification were in the range of 0.015-0.3 µg l(-1) and 0.05-1 µg l(-1) , respectively. Once validated, the method was used to analyze the concentrations of isoflavones in six ECs and ten ground coffee samples. Only formononetin and biochanin A were found, and their respective concentrations ranged from 0.36 to 0.41 µg l(-1) and from 0.58 to 3.26 µg l(-1) in ECs and from 0.36 to 4.27 µg kg(-1) and from 0.71 to 3.95 µg kg(-1) in ground coffees. This method confirms the high specificity and selectivity of MS/MS systems for detecting bioactives in complex matrices such as coffee.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of the Vision Ontology. (2013)

Poster: ECR 2013 / B-0141 / Development of the Vision Ontology. by: D. J. Vining 1, U. I. S. E. N. Salem1, C. Popovici2, L. Jiang3, C. DURAN4, A. Pitici2, I. Aghenitei2, M. Jurca2, R. Rosu2; 1Houston, TX/US, 2Chapel Hill, NC/US, 3Beijing/CN, 4ISTANBUL/TR
Impact ionization rate and high-field transport in ZnS with nonlocal band structure (1996)

The impact ionization rate in ZnS is calculated using a nonlocal empirical pseudopotential band structure and compared to previous results using a local calculation. The two resulting rates are then compared and simple fit formulas are presented. These are included in an ensemble Monte Carlo simulation of electron transport in bulk ZnS. The calculated impact ionization rate is then compared to experimental impact ionization coefficient data; reasonable agreement between the experimental data and the calculated impact ionization rate is obtained with an appropriate choice of optical deformation potentials.
Simulations Approaching Data: Cortical Slow Waves in Inferred Models of the Whole Hemisphere of Mouse (2021)

Thanks to novel, powerful brain activity recording techniques, we can create data-driven models from thousands of recording channels and large portions of the cortex, which can improve our understanding of brain-states neuromodulation and the related richness of traveling waves dynamics. We investigate the inference of data-driven models and the comparison among experiments and simulations, through the characterization of the spatio-temporal features of cortical waves in experimental recordings and simulations. Inference is built in two steps: the inner loop that optimizes by likelihood maximization a mean-field model, and the outer loop that optimizes a periodic neuro-modulation by relying on direct comparison of observables apt for the characterization of cortical slow waves. The model is capable to reproduce most of the features of the non-stationary and non-linear dynamics displayed by the high-resolution recording of the in-vivo mouse brain obtained by wide-field calcium imaging techniques. The proposed approach is of interest for both experimental and computational neuroscientists.
Life is CMOS (2002)

This paper discusses potential solutions to the CMOS device technology scaling at gate lengths approaching 10 nm. Promising circuit and design techniques to control leakage power are described. Energy-efficient microarchitecture trends for general-purpose microprocessors are elucidated.
Exploiting Hydrazones To Improve the Efficiency of 6π-Electrocyclization Reactions of 1-Azatrienes (2019)

The greater geometric lability of hydrazones compared to that of oxime ethers is used as a basis to overcome the reluctance of <i>Z</i>-oxime ether azatrienes to undergo electrocyclization toward the synthesis of borylated (heteroaromatic) pyridines and ring-fused analogues. Such hydrazones now allow access to previously inaccessible tri- and tetrasubstituted 3-borylpyridines in high yields.
Improving Neural Network Generalization Ability Using Outlier Analysis and Voronoi Tessellation (2005)

The data used in this study was obtained from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), which provides astronomers with what is currently the most extensive mapping of the universe, covering 25% of the sky and cataloging the spectral properties (e.g., luminosity, color, surface temperature) of over 100 million celestial objects. Images generated by the SDSS are collected through 5 filters named u, g, r, l, and z that have respective wavelengths of 3540, 4750, 6222, 7632, and 9049 A. By measuring the photometric redshifts of the aforementioned wavelengths of a galaxy, astronomers can ascertain the extent to which galaxy is receding from which the distance to the galaxy can be calculated. Data collected for a small select group of galaxies (approximately 30, 000) contains accurate measurements of the galaxies' redshifts, in addition to measurements of their spectral properties. The above dataset containing both redshift measurements as well as spectral properties of the selected galaxies served as the training set for the purposes of this study; the data set containing only the spectra properties of a separate group of galaxies served as the test set.
Conditional gene regulation models demonstrate a pro‐proliferative role for growth hormone receptor in prostate cancer (2022)

Loss-of-function and gain-of-function Ghr models, including prostatic epithelial cell specific alterations in Ghr, altered proliferation, and gene expression. These data suggest that changes in GHR activity in human prostatic epithelial cells play a role in proliferation and gene regulation in prostate cancer, suggesting the potential for disrupting GH signaling, for example by the FDA approved GH antagonist pegvisomant, may be beneficial in treating prostate cancer.
Mechanism of Inactivation of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase by (S)-2-Amino-5-(2-(methylthio)acetimidamido)pentanoic Acid (2015)

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) catalyzes the conversion of l-arginine to l-citrulline and the second messenger nitric oxide. Three mechanistic pathways are proposed for the inactivation of neuronal NOS (nNOS) by (S)-2-amino-5-(2-(methylthio)acetimidamido)pentanoic acid (1): sulfide oxidation, oxidative dethiolation, and oxidative demethylation. Four possible intermediates were synthesized. All compounds were assayed with nNOS, their IC50, KI, and kinact values were obtained, and their crystal structures were determined. The identification and characterization of the products formed during inactivation provide evidence for the details of the inactivation mechanism. On the basis of these studies, the most probable mechanism for the inactivation of nNOS involves oxidative demethylation with the resulting thiol coordinating to the cofactor heme iron. Although nNOS is a heme-containing enzyme, this is the first example of a NOS that catalyzes an S-demethylation reaction; the novel mechanism of inactivation described here could be applied to the design of inactivators of other heme-dependent enzymes.
Validation and optimization of the epithermal neutron flux detector using the 71Ga(n,γ)72Ga reaction (2023)

Abstract An intense epithermal neutron flux is necessary for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), a promising technique for the treatment of malignant tumors. The epithermal neutron flux is an essential characteristic of the BNCT neutron beam and its measurement is directly related to the reliability of the treatment planning system. Such a tool could be a cylindrical activation detector using 71 Ga(n, γ ) 72 Ga reaction. This paper describes a detector made in the likeness of the previously proposed one and presents the results of numerical simulation of the detector sensitivity and its experimental use. The paper notes the difference between the simulated sensitivity of the detector and the sensitivity of the previously proposed one and makes assumptions about the reason for this difference. The work also proposes an improvement of the detector, which allows not only to reduce the contribution of fast neutrons to the detector sensitivity, but also to provide a new opportunity to refine the spectrum of neutrons that are most effective for the treatment of deep-seated tumors.
Controlled cooling of an electronic system based on projected conditions (2023)

Energy efficient control of a cooling system cooling an electronic system is provided based, in part, on projected conditions. The control includes automatically determining an adjusted control setting(s) for an adjustable cooling component(s) of the cooling system. The automatically determining is based, at least in part, on projected power consumed by the electronic system at a future time and projected temperature at the future time of a heat sink to which heat extracted is rejected. The automatically determining operates to reduce power consumption of the cooling system and/or the electronic system while ensuring that at least one targeted temperature associated with the cooling system or the electronic system is within a desired range. The automatically determining may be based, at least in part, on an experimentally obtained model(s) relating the targeted temperature and power consumption of the adjustable cooling component(s) of the cooling system.
Dual-Cell Combining Detection Method for Reduction of Residual Frequency Offset Influence on Code Acquisition Systems (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new detection method called dual-cell combining (DCC) detection for the acquisition in time of spread spectrum codes in the presence of residual frequency offset (RFO). When the RFO exists, the correlation peak used for detection during the acquisition process is split into two neighboring peaks with smaller amplitudes, resulting in considerable degradation in the overall acquisition performance of conventional methods. In the DCC detection method, the decision variable for detection is formed by combining two consecutive correlator outputs so that the influence of the reduction in the correlation peak due to the RFO can be alleviated. Numerical results show that the DCC detection method can offer better mean-time-to-synchrouization performance than the conventional method based on the cell-by-cell detection.
Production of siRNA-Loaded Lipid Nanoparticles using a Microfluidic Device (2022)

The development of functional lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) is one of the major challenges in the field of drug delivery systems (DDS). Recently, LNP-based RNA delivery systems, namely, RNA-loaded LNPs have attracted attention for RNA therapy. In particular, mRNA-loaded LNP vaccines were approved to prevent COVID-19, thereby leading to the paradigm shift toward the development of next-generation nanomedicines. For the LNP-based nanomedicines, the LNP size is a significant factor in controlling the LNP biodistribution and LNP performance. Therefore, a precise LNP size control technique is indispensable for the LNP production process. Here, we report a protocol for size controlled LNP production using a microfluidic device, named iLiNP. siRNA loaded LNPs are also produced using the iLiNP device and evaluated by in vitro experiment. Representative results are shown for the LNP size, including siRNA-loaded LNPs, Z-potential, siRNA encapsulation efficiency, cytotoxicity, and target gene silencing activity.
Three Dimensional Point Cloud Measurement Based Dimensional Integrity Assessment for Additive Manufactured Parts Using Spectral Graph Theory (2016)

The ability of additive manufacturing (AM) processes to produce components with virtually any geometry presents a unique challenge in terms of quantifying the dimensional quality of the part. In this paper, a novel spectral graph theory (SGT) approach is proposed for resolving the following critical quality assurance concern in AM: how to quantify the relative deviation in dimensional integrity of complex AM components. Here, the SGT approach is demonstrated for classifying the dimensional integrity of standardized test components. The SGT-based topological invariant Fiedler number (λ2) was calculated from 3D point cloud coordinate measurements and used to quantify the dimensional integrity of test components. The Fiedler number was found to differ significantly for parts originating from different AM processes (statistical significance p-val. &lt; 1%). By comparison, prevalent dimensional integrity assessment techniques, such as traditional statistical quantifiers (such as mean and standard deviation) and examination of specific facets/landmarks failed to capture part-to-part variations, and thus proved incapable of ranking the quality of test AM components in a consistent manner. In contrast, the SGT approach was able to consistently rank the quality of the AM components with a high degree of statistical confidence independent of sampling technique used. Consequently, from a practical standpoint, the SGT approach can be a powerful tool for assessing the dimensional integrity of AM components, and thus encourage wider adoption of AM capabilities.
Achieving three-dimensional lithium sulfide growth in lithium-sulfur batteries using high-donor-number anions (2019)

Uncontrolled growth of insulating lithium sulfide leads to passivation of sulfur cathodes, which limits high sulfur utilization in lithium-sulfur batteries. Sulfur utilization can be augmented in electrolytes based on solvents with high Gutmann Donor Number; however, violent lithium metal corrosion is a drawback. Here we report that particulate lithium sulfide growth can be achieved using a salt anion with a high donor number, such as bromide or triflate. The use of bromide leads to ~95 % sulfur utilization by suppressing electrode passivation. More importantly, the electrolytes with high-donor-number salt anions are notably compatible with lithium metal electrodes. The approach enables a high sulfur-loaded cell with areal capacity higher than 4 mA h cm<sup>-2</sup> and high sulfur utilization ( > 90 %). This work offers a simple but practical strategy to modulate lithium sulfide growth, while conserving stability for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.
THz direct detector with 2D electron gas periodic structure absorber (2007)

We describe the performance of a direct detector that uses the high mobility 2D electron gas (2DEG) formed at the AlGaAs/GaAs interface as a frequency selective absorber. The 2DEG mesa-structure is etched to form a planar periodic structure with resonant absorption properties in the submm - THz region. Electrons in the 2DEG are heated by incoming radiation above the lattice temperature and the temperature of the hot electrons is measured by Superconducting - 2DEG - Superconducting (S-2DEG-S) tunnel junctions. The estimated noise equivalent power for such a detector at 100 mK is in order of 10-18 W/Hz1/2. In this paper we present the spectral measurements and simulated results of absorption properties at 4.2 K for a resonant mesa geometry. The thermal conductance and time constant of 2D electrons are studied at 450 mK-4.2 K. We measure an electron-phonon conductance on the order of 10-17 W/K per electron at 450 mK which gives a low value of heat conductance 2DEG relative to normal metal absorbers due to the low 2DEG electron density. These devices have a combination of sensitivity and speed which makes them possible candidates for the components in future astrophysical THz instruments.
A Fast Network Analyzer for the Frequency Range of 10 MHz to 4 GHz (2003)

The developed network analyzer with four channels allows very fast measurements of S-parameters in a frequency range from 10 MHz up to 4 GHz. This is possible because highly linear analogue frequency ramps are used. Thus the settling times of stepped frequency sweeps of conventional analyzers are eliminated. The required high linearity and high stability of the frequency ramps are achieved by using fractional divider phase locked loop circuits. The signal processing from the fast network analyzer differs from that of the conventional network analyzer. The analytical signal is determined by a double Fourier transformation of the complete frequency sweep. Conventional calibration procedures are then applied in order to correct the systematic errors of the fast network analyzer.
Pupillometry of HDR Video Viewing (2018)

Viewing of High Dynamic Range (HDR) video on capable displays poses many questions to our understanding of perceptual preference and vision science. One of the most fundamental aspects is the role played by light adaptation, as HDR content and displays allow for substantially increased light adaptation changes. In contrast, the traditional formats of standard dynamic range (SDR), being at best 3log10, kept the luminance ranges well within the steady state ranges of photoreceptor responses [14]. HDR video systems exceed the 3log10 luminance range, can be as high as 5log10 for professional displays, and be over a 6log10 range for laboratory research displays. In addition to the well-understood photoreceptor component of light adaptation is the pupillary component. While its light modulation is much smaller in range than the photoreceptor's adaptation range, it nevertheless has engineering consequences, and has been cited as a cause of putative discomfort with some HDR viewing. To better understand its role in light adaptation and discomfort, this study measured pupil behavior during naturalistic viewing of HDR video on a professional display, and performed various analyses.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Ni(II)/Cr(II)‐Mediated Coupling Reactions to Natural Products Syntheses (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular Modeling and High-Throughput Experimentation (HTE): Meeting the Challenges of Catalysts, Chemicals and Materials Design (2006)

International audience
<title>Fast perceptual method for evaluating color scales for Internet visualization</title> (2001)

We have developed a fast perceptual method for evaluating color scales for data visualization that uses a monochrome photographic image of a human face as a test pattern. We conducted an experiment in which we applied various color scales to a photographic image of a face and asked observers to rate the naturalness of each image. We found a very strong correlation between the perceived naturalness of the images and the luminance monotonicity of the color scales. Since color scales with monotonic luminance profiles are widely recommended and used for visualizing continuous scalar data, we conclude that using a human face as a test patten provides a quick, simple method for evaluating such color scale in Internet environments.
Limits on Anomalous {ital WW{gamma}} Couplings from {ital p}{ovr {ital p}}{ital {r_arrow}W{gamma}}+{ital X} Events at {radical}{ital s}=1.8 TeV (1997)

We have measured the WW{gamma} gauge boson coupling parameters using p{ovr p}{r_arrow}scr(l){nu}{gamma}+X (scr(l)=e,{mu}) events at {radical}(s)=1.8 TeV. The data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 92.8pb{sup -1}, were collected using the DO/ detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The measured cross section times branching ratio for p{ovr p}{r_arrow}W{gamma}+X with p{sup {gamma}}{sub T}{gt}10 GeV/{ital c} and scr(R){sub scr(l){gamma}}{gt}0.7 is 11.3{sup +1.7}{sub -1.5}{plus_minus}1.5pb, in agreement with the standard model prediction. The 1degree of freedom 95{percent} confidence level limits on individual {ital CP}-conserving parameters are -0.93{lt}{Delta}{kappa}{lt}0.94 and -0.31{lt}{lambda}{lt}0.29. Similar limits are set on the {ital CP}-violating coupling parameters. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Simulation of laser ultrasonic for confirming the initial time and location during the generation phase (2010)

Process of laser ultrasonic generation was simulated in detail for confirming the exact time and location ultrasonic produced. The particular generating information in thin-film could help to accurately analyze the ultrasonic characteristics, especially in high pressure physics. Numerical models based on the two-dimensional axis-symmetry was built in cylinder coordinate system and calculated by finite element method (FEM). The duration and penetration-depth of pulse laser were considered instead of point approximation. In addition, parameters of material were set as functions related with temperature. According to the results, strain energy accumulated below the incidence point, so that the maximum amplitude of ultrasonic wave appeared few distances inside of the sample. Non-negligible errors were caused by that distances in velocity calculation. Without amendment, the errors increased with the broadening of pulse width and decreased with the growth of propagation distance. Therefore, the time ultrasonic generated should be fixed a head of the time that laser peak arrived. Furthermore, wave shape were easy to distinguish but inaccurately while the sample were covered with a transparent window.