gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron Localizations in Alloy Exhibiting Nanotwinning (2019)

In present work we have used firstprinciples calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to simulate magneto-optical (MO) Kerr spectra for different phases of Ni2MnGa alloy: austenite, nonmodulated martensite without nanotwinning and nanotwined martensite represented by 4O structure. The MO spectra provide a valuable insight into the mutual dependence of the the structure of the material and electronic structure and magnetic ordering.
Age-Related Changes of Female Leg Skin. (2000)

10代-60代の健常女性, 計74名について下肢の肌診断を行い, 下肢のむくみ, 血管浮き, 体毛, 下肢部皮膚トラブルと年齢との関係について検討した。下肢のむくみは脛骨上を押圧しての圧痕スコアにより評価し, Bモードによる皮膚厚・皮下組織厚との関係を調べた。その結果, 年齢が高くなるに従って圧痕スコアは高くなり, むくみやすくなる傾向が認められた。皮膚厚は年齢が高くなるに従って薄くなる傾向が認められ, 皮下組織厚には年齢との相関が認められなかった。押圧による皮膚・皮下組織厚の変化は, 皮膚では年齢との相関は認められなかったが, 皮下組織では年齢が高くなるに従って変化量が大きくなる正相関の傾向が認められた。下肢後側の血管浮きの目立ちを写真上でスコア化した結果, 年齢が上がるに従って目立つようになり, ひどいものでは静脈瘤を形成しているような状態が認められた。その他の下肢部皮膚トラブルに関しては, 色素斑・色むらが年齢が高くなるに従って増える傾向にあり, 肌荒れ・乾燥・テカリ・肉割れは年齢との相関は認められなかった。逆に毛穴目立ち・埋没毛・毛包炎といった毛穴周辺のトラブルは若年層に多い傾向があり, 体毛除去処理との相関が非常に高かった。
Tetrakis(4-tert-butylbenzyl)silane (2010)

The title compound, C(44)H(60)Si, was prepared as an inter-nal standard for diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. The Si atom lies on a special position with site symmetry.
Aggregation of poly(methacrylic acid)‐poly(ethylene oxide) complex in aqueous medium (1981)

Abstract It is known that poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(ethylene oxide) interact with each other through hydrogen bonds and form polymer complexes in an aqueous medium. The initially formed polymer complexes were considered to exist in a semi‐stable state, and they aggregated through desolvation and hydrophobic interaction. A successive aggregation of polymer complexes was observed following the rapid initial complexation. The aggregation was affected by some chemical factors e.g., polymer concentration, temperature, pH and so on. These effects were measured as the changes of the molecular shape by means of laser‐light scattering, turbidity measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. It was observed that lower pH and higher temperature made the aggregation faster within such experimental conditions as pH 2–7, 20–50°C. The aggregates were nearly spherical with almost the same diameter (200 nm), and spontaneously grew larger with time.
A new synthetic route to produce metal zeolites with subnanometric magnetic clusters (2004)

By using a Co layered silicate as a source of Co and SiO(2), Co-Beta and Co-ZSM-5 zeolites with tetrahedrically coordinated cobalt were synthesized. Subnanometric clusters of Co can be produced and a magnetic material with superparamagnetic-paramagnetic phase transition is obtained.
Experimental demonstration of prism coupling of infrared waves into planar photonic crystal waveguide devices (2005)

We demonstrate an efficient prism coupling method to couple nonplanar infrared waves into a 2-D planar photonic-crystal (PhC) device, such as a PhC waveguide (PhCW). A coupling efficiency of 31.1% is obtained experimentally. Results from finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) modeling are shown to closely match the results measured in a fabricated sample.
Patterning the Tips of Optical Fibers with Metallic Nanostructures Using Nanoskiving (2010)

Convenient and inexpensive methods to pattern the facets of optical fibers with metallic nanostructures would enable many applications. This communication reports a method to generate and transfer arrays of metallic nanostructures to the cleaved facets of optical fibers. The process relies on nanoskiving, in which an ultramicrotome, equipped with a diamond knife, sections epoxy nanostructures coated with thin metallic films and embedded in a block of epoxy. Sectioning produces arrays of nanostructures embedded in thin epoxy slabs, which can be transferred manually to the tips of optical fibers at a rate of approximately 2 min(-1), with 88% yield. Etching the epoxy matrices leaves arrays of nanostructures supported directly by the facets of the optical fibers. Examples of structures transferred include gold crescents, rings, high-aspect-ratio concentric cylinders, and gratings of parallel nanowires.
Feature issue introduction: Progress in Ultrafast Laser Modifications of Materials (2013)

This feature offers papers related to the first topical meeting. Progress in Ultrafast Laser Modifications of Materials 2013, held in April 2013 at Cargèse, Corsica Island, France, and encompasses advances in science and technology of ultrafast laser modification of materials, from the fundamentals-the interaction of ultrafast non-ablative pulses with dielectrics and other transparent materials, to the applications in various technological fields.
Cucurbitacin E glucoside from Citrullus colocynthis inhibits testosterone-induced benign prostatic hyperplasia in mice (2019)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common disorder in men aged over 60 years and significantly contributes to the distressing lower urinary tract symptoms. Cucurbitacins are triterpene derivatives with diverse medicinal uses including prostate diseases. Cucurbitacin E glucoside was evaluated against testosterone-induced prostatic hyperplasia in mice. Our data indicate that it significantly inhibited the increase in prostate weight and prostate index. The compound ameliorated histopathological changes in prostatic architecture and inhibited the increase in glandular epithelial length induced by testosterone. These results were confirmed by decreased expression of cyclin D1 in prostatic tissues compared to those obtained from the testosterone-alone group. Also, it showed significant antioxidant activity as evidenced by inhibiting lipid peroxides accumulation, glutathione depletion and superoxide exhaustion. Further, it exhibited anti-inflammatory activity as it decreased cyclooxygenase-2 and interleukin-1β protein expression in prostatic tissues. Masson's trichrome staining of prostate sections indicated obvious antifibrotic activity that was supported by decreased α-smooth muscle actin expression. In conclusion, Cucurbitacin E glucoside inhibits testosterone-induced experimental BPH in mice due to, at least partly, its antiproliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic effects.
Inverse Kinematic Control Algorithms With a Reduced Coriolis Component for Use in Motion Simulators (1995)

A motion simulator is studied within the framework of a multilink robotic manipulator and a class of inverse kinematic algorithms are investigated. Human subjects, for this motion simulator, sit at the end effector and are subjected to all relative motions of the respective links. From the perspective of the subject, one undesired artifact of this simulation occurs when Coriolis accelerations are induced at the end effector as a consequence of a coordinate frame moving relative to another moving frame. This paper adapts the inverse kinematic solution to those which have a minimum Coriolis component and can be used to control the motion simulator. A simple feedback control law is derived which, it turns out, has an additional interpretation as the solution of a related linear quadratic optimization problem.
Pitch Histograms in Audio and Symbolic Music Information Retrieval (2003)

In order to represent musical content, pitch and timing information is utilized in the majority of existing work in Symbolic Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Symbolic representations such as MIDI allow the easy calculation of such information and its manipulation. In contrast, most of the existing work in Audio MIR uses timbral and beat information, which can be calculated using automatic computer audition techniques.
Oxidation of ethidium-based probes by biological radicals: mechanism, kinetics and implications for the detection of superoxide (2020)

Hydroethidine (HE) and hydropropidine ([Formula: see text]) are fluorogenic probes used for the detection of the intra- and extracellular superoxide radical anion ([Formula: see text]). In this study, we provide evidence that HE and [Formula: see text] react rapidly with the biologically relevant radicals, including the hydroxyl radical, peroxyl radicals, the trioxidocarbonate radical anion, nitrogen dioxide, and the glutathionyl radical, via one-electron oxidation, forming the corresponding radical cations. At physiological pH, the radical cations of the probes react rapidly with [Formula: see text], leading to the specific 2-hydroxylated cationic products. We determined the rate constants of the reaction between [Formula: see text] and the radical cations of the probes. We also synthesized N-methylated analogs of [Formula: see text] and HE which were used in mechanistic studies. Methylation of the amine groups was not found to prevent the reaction between the radical cation of the probe and the superoxide, but it significantly increased the lifetime of the radical cation and had a substantial effect on the profiles of the oxidation products by inhibiting the formation of dimeric products. We conclude that the N-methylated analogs of HE and [Formula: see text] may be used as a scaffold for the design of a new generation of probes for intra- and extracellular superoxide.
Predicting T‐cell quality during manufacturing through an artificial intelligence‐based integrative multiomics analytical platform (2021)

Large-scale, reproducible manufacturing of therapeutic cells with consistently high quality is vital for translation to clinically effective and widely accessible cell therapies. However, the biological and logistical complexity of manufacturing a living product, including challenges associated with their inherent variability and uncertainties of process parameters, currently make it difficult to achieve predictable cell-product quality. Using a degradable microscaffold-based T-cell process, we developed an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven experimental-computational platform to identify a set of critical process parameters and critical quality attributes from heterogeneous, high-dimensional, time-dependent multiomics data, measurable during early stages of manufacturing and predictive of end-of-manufacturing product quality. Sequential, design-of-experiment-based studies, coupled with an agnostic machine-learning framework, were used to extract feature combinations from early in-culture media assessment that were highly predictive of the end-product CD4/CD8 ratio and total live CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> naïve and central memory T cells (CD63L<sup>+</sup>CCR7<sup>+</sup>). Our results demonstrate a broadly applicable platform tool to predict end-product quality and composition from early time point in-process measurements during therapeutic cell manufacturing.
Theoretical study of a membrane filtration process for water treatment using low temperature solar energy (2023)

International audience
Physical linkage of variable, diversity and joining gene segments in the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus of the mouse (1989)

The variable region of antibody heavy chains is encoded by multiple variable (V), diversity (D) and joining (J) gene segments which seem to be assembled in a programmed developmental pathway during the maturation of B lymphocytes. A physical map linking V, D and J gene segments in the a haplotype of the murine Igh locus is presented in this report. The V gene located next to the known D and J gene segments maps 80 kb upstream of the JH locus and is a member of the VGAM3.8 V gene family. There is evidence for as yet unknown D gene segments located 5' to this V gene.
Techniques for increasing the stream capacity of a high-performance multimedia server (1999)

High-performance servers and high-speed networks will form the backbone of the infrastructure required for distributed multimedia information systems. A server for an interactive distributed multimedia system may require thousands of gigabytes of storage space and a high I/O bandwidth. In order to maximize the system utilization, and thus minimize the cost, it is essential that the load be balanced among each of the server's components, viz. the disks, the interconnection network and the scheduler. Many algorithms for maximizing retrieval capacity from the storage system have been proposed in the literature. This paper presents techniques for improving the server capacity by assigning media requests to the nodes of a server so as to balance the load on the interconnection network and the scheduling nodes. Five policies for request assignment-round-robin (RR), minimum link allocation (MLA), minimum contention allocation (MCA), weighted minimum link allocation (WMLA) and weighted minimum contention allocation (WMCA)-are developed. The performance of these policies on a server model developed by the authors (1995) is presented. We also consider the issue of file replication, and develop two schemes for storing the replicas: the parent group-based round-robin placement (PGBRRP) scheme, and the group-wide round-robin placement (GWRRP) scheme. The performance of the request assignment policies in the presence of file replication is presented.
Conversion map from quantitative parameter mapping to myelin water fraction (2023)

We determined MWF derived from QPM-relaxation parameters using quadratic polynomial approximation. Two types of myelin imaging were generated; MWF derived from multi-echo gradient-echo and R 1 &amp;middot; R 2 * map derived from QPM, which were standardized from twelve healthy volunteers to MNI. As a result, the relationship between MWF and R 1 &amp;middot; R 2 * values on the white matter region strongly correlated with a quadratic polynomial approximation ( R 2 = 0.991). Using acquired quadratic polynomial approximation, the R 1 &amp;middot; R 2 * map was converted to MWF. Our MWF map derived from QPM can dramatically improve image quality when compared to the general MWF.
The teaching of electronics engineering: Guidelines for the design of training in and out of the classroom setting (2007)

The main goal of this study is the discussion on whether it is possible to substitute learning in a classroom environment for learning out of the classroom setting via computer based training systems (CBT). The two main ideas this study deals with are how a simulator can cover the teaching of practical aspects and the rules we can apply to non attended learning and instruction within a virtual laboratory. Specifically, the study focuses on the evaluation of practical electronic projects and the results achieved by students through the use of electronic simulators (we are working with the Pspice tool). Students carried out a full practical simulation and assembly procedure which provided us with a set of results that could be applied to the evaluation of practical virtual learning projects. With the analysis of the results, we are able to conclude that laboratory work can be substituted by practical work, which includes simulation processes.
Differential expression of mRNA for guanylyl cyclase-linked endothelium-derived relaxing factor receptor subunits in rat kidney. (1993)

Endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF) has profound effects on the renal vasculature, the glomerular mesangium, and also affects renal salt excretion. EDRF stimulates guanylyl cyclases, which are thought to be heterodimers comprised of alpha and beta subunits. Two alpha and two beta isoforms have been identified thus far. However, the molecular composition of in vivo guanylyl cyclase-linked EDRF receptors is unknown. We used polymerase chain reaction to clone a portion of the rat alpha 2 subunit. Guanylyl cyclase-linked EDRF receptor mRNA was detected in microdissected renal structures using a reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction assay. The interlobular artery/afferent arteriole contained mRNA for the alpha 1, alpha 2, and beta 1 subunits; a faint beta 2 band was found in 29% of experiments. In contrast, the cortical collecting duct contained mRNA only for alpha 1 and beta 2 subunits. We conclude that guanylyl cyclase-linked EDRF receptor subunit isoforms are independently and heterogeneously expressed in the renal vasculature and cortical collecting duct, suggesting that several different EDRF receptors exist in vivo. These data suggest that the tubule receptor is composed of alpha 1/beta 2. The vasculature may contain at least two different EDRF receptors (alpha 1/beta 1 and alpha 2/beta 1). Some beta 2 may also be expressed, allowing for even greater heterogeneity.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation and Reduction (Organic Reaction Mechanisms) (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pharmaceutical pollution of the world’s rivers (2022)

Environmental exposure to active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) can have negative effects on the health of ecosystems and humans. While numerous studies have monitored APIs in rivers, these employ different analytical methods, measure different APIs, and have ignored many of the countries of the world. This makes it difficult to quantify the scale of the problem from a global perspective. Furthermore, comparison of the existing data, generated for different studies/regions/continents, is challenging due to the vast differences between the analytical methodologies employed. Here, we present a global-scale study of API pollution in 258 of the world's rivers, representing the environmental influence of 471.4 million people across 137 geographic regions. Samples were obtained from 1,052 locations in 104 countries (representing all continents and 36 countries not previously studied for API contamination) and analyzed for 61 APIs. Highest cumulative API concentrations were observed in sub-Saharan Africa, south Asia, and South America. The most contaminated sites were in low- to middle-income countries and were associated with areas with poor wastewater and waste management infrastructure and pharmaceutical manufacturing. The most frequently detected APIs were carbamazepine, metformin, and caffeine (a compound also arising from lifestyle use), which were detected at over half of the sites monitored. Concentrations of at least one API at 25.7% of the sampling sites were greater than concentrations considered safe for aquatic organisms, or which are of concern in terms of selection for antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, pharmaceutical pollution poses a global threat to environmental and human health, as well as to delivery of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.
Linearization of Radio-Over-Fiber Cloud-RAN Transmitters Using Pre- and Post-Distortion Techniques (2021)

This paper proposes a novel approach and apparatus along with its calibration method to use the digital predistortion (DPD) technique in radio-over fiber (RoF) cloud RAN (C-RAN) transmitters that encompass physically spaced central baseband unit (C-BBU) and remote radio head (RRH). The proposed approach requires a calibrated observation path (COP) connecting the RRH to the BBU to mitigate any hardware impairments and distortion using a broadband post-distortion technique. This feedback (FB) link provides on-demand tracking of the change in the downlink (DL) optoelectronic component's behavior and sends a copy of the radio frequency (RF) output signal to the C-BBU for DPD identification and processing. The proposed technique is experimentally validated using 40 MHz, and 100 MHz LTE-A as DL data signals, while the post-compensation model is built by a 200 MHz LTE-A signal.
A Classification Approach for Risk Prognosis of Patients on Mechanical Ventricular Assistance (2010)

The identification of optimal candidates for ventricular assist device (VAD) therapy is of great importance for future widespread application of this life-saving technology. During recent years, numerous traditional statistical models have been developed for this task. In this study, we compared three different supervised machine learning techniques for risk prognosis of patients on VAD: Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Bayesian Tree-Augmented Network, to facilitate the candidate identification. A predictive (C4.5) decision tree model was ultimately developed based on 6 features identified by SVM with assistance of recursive feature elimination. This model performed better compared to the popular risk score of Lietz et al. with respect to identification of high-risk patients and earlier survival differentiation between high- and low- risk candidates.
Cancer, Aging and Immune Reconstitution (2013)

Aging is a complex phenomenon involving multiple physiological functions. Among these, very important are the modifications induced in the immune system; these modifications may be related to cancer development, a disease of older people. We herein describe the age-dependent alterations observed in the various arms of the immune system. Both innate and adaptive immunity are compromised during aging, a condition where an inflammatory status contributes to promote immune suppression and tumour growth. Collectively, aging of the immune system may produce detrimental consequences on the response against tumours in old patients. In fact, preclinical studies and clinical observations in humans have demonstrated age-associated alterations in antitumor immunity. Immunological recovery of old patients after conventional chemotherapy (CT) has not been fully investigated, while several studies conducted in patients undergoing blood stem cell transplantation have demonstrated that a delayed immune reconstitution associated with older age results in increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and risk of tumour relapse. Cellular immunotherapy and vaccination are becoming viable options for improving survival and quality of life of cancer patients targeting both the host defences and the tumour. The clinical experience in elderly patients is still in its infancy, but available data indicate that these approaches are feasible and promising. A key problem in the studies on aging, immunity and cancer is that it is difficult to distinguish changes related to age from those related to cancer-dependent immunosuppression, but independent from the age of the subject. Longitudinal studies on aged healthy and cancer persons and the use of new immunological techniques may be required to clarify these issues.
A64FX: 52-Core Processor Designed for the 442PetaFLOPS Supercomputer Fugaku (2022)

In supercomputing, high-performance computing (HPC) applications require large amounts of parallel-processing capability and high memory bandwidth. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) applications, which have characteristics similar to HPC applications, have played an important role in supercomputers. The supercomputer Fugaku [1] has a large number of general-purpose processors for a high-performance, high-density, and high-reliability implementation, as well as low power consumption to realize a massively parallel system for multiple applications targeting HPC and AI.
π–π-Stacking and nitro–π-stacking interactions of 1-(4-nitrophenyl)-4-phenyl-2,4-bis(phenylethynyl)butadiene (2003)

The first observed side product, C32H21NO2, in the Sonogashira coupling reaction is reported. The molecular packing shows a high degree of π-stacking interactions in the solid state.