gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High binding yet accelerated guest rotation within a cucurbit[7]uril complex. Toward paramagnetic gyroscopes and rolling nanomachines (2015)

The (15-oxo-3,7,11-triazadispiro[5.1.5.3]hexadec-7-yl)oxidanyl, a bis-spiropiperidinium nitroxide derived from TEMPONE, can be included in cucurbit[7]uril to form a strong (K(a)∼ 2 × 10(5) M(-1)) CB[7]@bPTO complex. EPR and MS spectra, DFT calculations, and unparalleled increased resistance (a factor of ∼10(3)) toward ascorbic acid reduction show evidence of deep inclusion of bPTO inside CB[7]. The unusual shape of the CB[7]@bPTO EPR spectrum can be explained by an anisotropic Brownian rotational diffusion, the global tumbling of the complex being slower than rotation of bPTO around its "long molecular axis" inside CB[7]. The CB[7] (stator) with the encapsulated bPTO (rotator) behaves as a supramolecular paramagnetic rotor with increased rotational speed of the rotator that has great potential for advanced nanoscale machines requiring wheels such as cucurbiturils with virtually no friction between the wheel and the axle for optimum wheel rotation (i.e. nanopulleys and nanocars).
Experimental Investigation of Liquid Jet Breakup in a Cross Flow of a Swirling Air Stream (2013)

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation of liquid jet breakup in a cross flow of air under the influence of swirl (swirl numbers 0 and 0.2) at a fixed air flow Mach number 0.12 (typical gas turbine conditions). The experiments have been conducted for various liquid to air momentum flux ratios (q) in the range of 1 to 25. High speed (@ 500 fps) images of the jet breakup process are captured and those images are processed using matlab to obtain the variation of breakup length and penetration height with momentum flux ratio. Using the high speed images, an attempt has been made to understand the physics of the jet breakup process by identification of breakup modes—bag breakup, column breakup, shear breakup, and surface breakup. The results show unique breakup and penetration behavior which departs from the continuous correlations typically used. Furthermore, the images show a substantial spatial fluctuation of the emerging jet resulting in a wavy nature related to effects of instability waves. The results with 15 deg swirl show reduced breakup length and penetration related to the nonuniform distribution of velocity that offers enhanced fuel atomization in swirling fuel nozzles.
Biophysical Studies of Respiratory Syncytial Virus II. Identification of Two Soluble Complement-Fixing Antigens of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1966)

Forsyth, Ben R. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Md.), Helen V. Coates, and Robert M. Chanock. Biophysical studies of respiratory syncytial virus. II. Identification of two soluble complement-fixing antigens of respiratory syncytial virus. J. Bacteriol. 91:1270-1276. 1966.-Column chromatography of concentrated preparations was used to separate two antigenic components from the "soluble complement-fixing (CF) antigen" of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus. These antigens, designated antigen A and antigen B, stimulated homologous but not heterologous CF antibodies. Only antigen A stimulated the production of neutralizing antibody in guinea pigs. There was a dissociation between the CF and neutralizing antibody responses of guinea pigs immunized with antigen A. The two antigens were shown to have different molecular size, density, and sensitivity to lipolytic agents. Both antigens appeared to be components of the RS viral particle. Serological studies demonstrated that both antigens were formed during RS virus infection of children and adults.
SRNet: Structured Relevance Feature Learning Network From Skeleton Data for Human Action Recognition (2019)

In recent years, human action recognition based on skeleton information has recently drawn increasing attention with published large-scale skeleton datasets. The most crucial factors for this task line in two aspects: the intra-frame representation for joint co-occurrences and the inter-frame representation for skeletons' temporal evolution. The most effective ways focus on spontaneous feature extraction by using deep learning. However, they ignore the structure information of skeleton joints and the correlation between two different skeleton joints for human action recognition. In this paper, we do not simply treat the joints position information as unordered points. Instead, we propose a novel data reorganizing strategy to represent the global and local structure information of human skeleton joints. Meanwhile, we also employ the data mirror to increase the relationship between skeleton joints. Based on this design, we proposed an end-to-end multi-dimensional CNN network (SRNet) to fully consider the spatial and temporal information to learn the feature extraction transform function. Specifically, in this CNN network, we employ different convolution kernels on different dimensions to learn skeleton representation to make the most of human structural information to generate robust features. Finally, we compare with other state-of-the-art on action recognition datasets like NTU RGB+D, PKU-MMD, SYSU, UT-Kinect, and HDM05. The experimental results also demonstrate the superiority of our method.
Highly uniform and low-loss passive silicon photonics devices using a 300mm CMOS platform (2014)

Using an advanced 300mm CMOS-platform, we report record-low and highly-uniform propagation loss: 0.45±0.12dB/cm for wires, and 2dB/cm for slot waveguides. For WDM devices, we demonstrate channel variation(3-σ) within-wafer and within-device of 6.1nm and 1.2nm respectively.
Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (2009)

There has been significant improvement in device designs, operative techniques, and early clinical outcomes in <5 years. Presently, there are two catheter-based bioprostheses (balloon expandable or self-expandable), which have been widely used in humans and are undergoing clinical investigations. Three approaches, including transvenous, transarterial, and transapical have been used for delivery of the catheter-based bioprostheses, and transarterial and transapical approaches have been adopted by cardiologists and cardiac surgeons worldwide. The most recent clinical results have been very encouraging and promising. With experience, 30-day operative mortality with either balloon-expandable or self-expandable bioprosthesis was reduced significantly to approximately 10% in high-risk patients. In vivo long-term durability of catheter-based bioprostheses remains unknown, and presently transcatheter procedure is limited to the cohort of high-risk patients. Expanding this new technology to low-risk patients should be done with extreme caution because conventional aortic valve replacement still provides the best long-term outcome with minimal operative mortality and morbidity in low-risk patients. Ongoing clinical trials will address many unanswered questions, such as patient selection, long-term in vivo durability, preoperative assessment, and the role of the procedures in management of valvular diseases.
LINEAR STBC FOR FLAT FADING CHANNELS (2003)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Host Utilization of Field-Caged Native and Introduced Thistle Species by Rhinocyllus conicus (2010)

Rhinocyllus conicus Fröelich was introduced from Europe into North America as a biological control agent of the exotic weed Carduus nutans L. Concern exists over the feeding of this weevil on at least 25 species of native Cirsium thistles. Beginning in 2008, cage studies isolating adults of R. conicus on buds and flower heads of all eight thistle species (native and introduced) recorded from Tennessee were conducted to test if R. conicus could use these species for reproduction and what impacts larval feeding of R. conicus may have on seed production. Larvae of R. conicus completed development in heads of the native species C. carolinianum (Walter) Fernald and Schubert. and C. horridulum Michaux, and significant reductions in seed numbers of both species occurred during 2008. Rhinocyllus conicus oviposited on both C. carolinianum and C. horridulum at significantly greater levels than the introduced species C. arvense (L.) Scopoli and C. vulgare (Savi) Tenore. Infested heads of C. carolinianum contained numbers of R. conicus per centimeter of plant head width similar to Ca. nutans in 2008, and both native species contained numbers of R. conicus per centimeter of plant head width similar to C. arvense and C. vulgare in 2009. Body length was similar between R. conicus reared on native thistles and its target host Ca. nutans. This report is the first documentation of R. conicus feeding and reproducing on C. carolinianum and C. horridulum. Although R. conicus has been observed only on introduced thistles in naturally occurring populations in this region, the utilization of C. carolinianum and C. horridulum as host species in controlled conditions warrants continued monitoring of field populations and further investigation into factors that may influence nontarget feeding in the future.
Outcomes Following Nonoperative Treatment of Isolated Posterior Malleolar Ankle Fractures (2017)

Category: Ankle, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Ankle fractures are common injuries, however isolated posterior malleolar fractures are rare. Axial loading of the foot in hyper-plantarflexion is thought to be the most likely mechanism of injury for this fracture pattern. Management of isolated posterior malleolar fractures presents challenges for clinicians, and controversy exists over surgical indications. The literature to-date examining isolated posterior malleolar fractures is scarce and confined to case reports and small clinical series. Recommendations for surgical treatment are based largely on biomechanical studies and not clinical evidence. The purpose of this study was to assess outcomes in a series of patients, who were consecutively treated nonoperatively for isolated posterior malleolus ankle fractures. Methods: Outcomes of patients with isolated posterior malleolus fractures who were all treated nonoperatively at two academic teaching hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The size of the posterior malleolar fracture fragment was measured on lateral ankle radiographs, and clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Foot and Ankle Survey. These scores were then compared to published normative data from the general population via independent t-tests. These same outcome measures were then correlated with the size of the posterior malleolar fragment via Spearman Rank Correlations. Results: A total of 28 patients (17 male, 11 female) were retrospectively reviewed. The average size of the posterior malleolus fragment was 16.0% (Range: 2.0-59.5%) of the tibial plafond articular surface. The average follow-up duration was 2 years and 7 months. At follow-up, the average “Foot and Ankle Core Score” and “Shoe Comfort Scale Score” were 90 (±11.2) and 80.0 (±28.9), respectively. When these scores were compared to normative data from the general population, no significant differences were found (Foot and Ankle Core Score: p=0.234, Shoe Comfort Scale: p=0.276). There was also no significant association between these scores and the size of fracture fragment. At follow-up, no patients demonstrated signs of instability, dermatological complications, malalignment of the mortise or post-traumatic arthritis. Conclusion: This is the largest study to date evaluating outcomes of isolated posterior malleolus fractures in patients treated nonoperatively. This series of 28 patients with isolated posterior malleolar fractures managed nonoperatively demonstrates short- to mid-term functional outcomes that are no different than reported normative data for the general population. These findings are consistent with previously reported clinical outcomes and suggest that nonoperative management is a viable treatment option for isolated posterior malleolar fractures.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Sarcodictyins. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Recent advances in large-scale silica-based thermo-optic switches</title> (2001)

This paper describes recent progress on large-scale integrated thermo-optic switches including N X N switches (up to 16 X 16), 1 X N switches (up to 1 X 128), N-arrayed 2 X 2 switches (up to 16-arrayed for optical add/drop multiplexers, which all employ silica-on-silicon planar lightwave circuit technology. These switches exhibit low insertion loss, low polarization loss and high switch extinction ratio. I also describe a trial with the goal of reducing drive power consumption, and report the reliability of the thermo-optic switch modules.
Two-site immunoenzymometric assay for the 52-kDa cathepsin D in cytosols of breast cancer tissues. (1989)

We developed a solid-phase two-site immunoenzymometric assay (IEMA) of the estrogen-induced 52-kDa cathepsin D (EC 3.4.23.5) and its processed forms (48-kDa and 34-kDa proteins) in cytosols of breast cancer tissues, using two monoclonal antibodies directed against two different epitopes of these antigens. The first antibody is bound to a polystyrene microtiter well; the second is labeled with alkaline phosphatase. The assay involves a simultaneous incubation of the antigen with both antibodies, because we observed signal loss during sequential incubations. Alkaline phosphatase was chosen because other enzymes (peroxidase, beta-galactosidase) were inhibited by cytosol extraction buffers. The measurable range of 52-kDa-related proteins is from 0.3 to 6 nmol/L with precision (CVs) within and between runs of 3.9% and 15.8%, respectively. The sensitivity, accuracy, and rapid turnaround time of the two-site IEMA should facilitate the clinical evaluation of this new marker in oncology.
An improved illumination system for spatial coherence control (2004)

A longitude coherence control system needs a source that is temporally coherent and yet spatially incoherent. For this reason, a zone plate-like pattern is imaged onto a rotating ground glass. Generally the ground glass exhibits a strong directivity. It is far from an ideal uniform diffuser that is implicitly assumed in the theory. To solve this problem, we propose a new illumination system. In our system, the beam illuminating the zone plate-like pattern is focused on the test surface. We measured the longitudinal coherence functions in our optical system. The result shows that the longitude coherent function is better controlled in our interferometer.
Abstract 5705: Analytical validation of Guardant360 v2.10 (2017)

Abstract Guardant360 is a cell-free circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) test that genotypes all guideline-recommended solid tumor somatic genomic treatment targets from a single non-invasive blood draw. The new version, v2.10, was redesigned to enhance sensitivity and specificity across 73 cancer-related genes. It detects all four major variant classes (single nucleotide variants, SNVs, in all 73 genes; indels in 23 genes; gene amplifications, CNAs, in 18 genes; and fusions in 6 genes). Analytical performance was assessed throughout the reportable range via multiple serial dilution studies of orthogonally-characterized contrived and patient samples. Analytical specificity was assessed by calculating the false positive rate in pre-characterized healthy donor sample mixtures serially diluted. Positive predictive value (PPV) was estimated as a function of allelic fraction/copy number from pre-characterized samples and prevalence-adjusted using a cohort of 2,585 consecutive clinical samples. Confirmation was performed using ddPCR. Analytical specificity was 100% for SNVs, fusions, and CNAs and 96% for indels across 25 defined samples. Relative to Guardant360v2.9, v2.10 demonstrated 20-50% increase in fusion molecule recovery. Retrospective in silico analysis of 2,585 consecutive clinical samples demonstrated a 15% increase in actionable fusion detection, a 6%-15% increase in actionable indel detection (excluding newly reportable indels), and a 3%-6% increase in actionable SNV detection. AlterationsReportable Range95% Limit of DetectionAllelic Fraction / Copy NumberAnalytical SensitivityAllelic Fraction / Copy numberPPVSNVs≥0.04%0.25%≥0.25%&amp;gt;99.9%≥0.25%98.7%0.05–0.25%63.8%&amp;lt;0.25%92.3%Indels≥0.02%0.2%≥0.25%&amp;gt;99.9%≥0.25%98.4%0.05–0.25%67.8%&amp;lt;0.25%88.5%Fusions≥0.04%0.4%≥0.3%100%any100%&amp;lt;0.3%83.0%CNAs≥2.12 copies2.24-2.93 copies2.3 copies95.0%any100% Guardant360 analytical performance characteristics based on standard cfDNA input (30ng). Analytical sensitivity/limit of detection estimates are provided for clinically actionable variants and may vary by sequence context and cfDNA input. PPV is estimated across entire reportable panel space (PPV was 100% for clinically actionable variants). Conclusion: Guardant360 v2.10 comprehensively detects all adult solid tumor guideline-recommended somatic genomic variants with unparalleled sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity. Citation Format: James Vowles, Justin Odegaard, Stefanie Mortimer, Stephen Fairclough, Marcin Sikora, Diana Abdueva, Reza Mokhtari, Arthur Baca, AmirAli Talasaz. Analytical validation of Guardant360 v2.10 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5705. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5705
Measurement of erbium confinement in optical fibers: a differential mode-launching technique (1992)

We present a selective mode-launching technique to determine the confinement of erbium in optical fibers. The loss per meter, alpha(lm), of the individual LP(lm) modes (LP(01) and LP(11) at 980 nm) is measured, and the ratio gamma = alpha(01)/alpha(11) is related to the concentration of erbium in the core. We assume a Gaussian diffusion profile for erbium and relate the dependence of gamma on erbium confinement by using exact mode profiles. This technique uses only two sets of measurements and is independent of erbium concentration.
Mesothelin expression in patients as a novel target in gastric cancer. (2014)

61 Background: Novel targets and therapeutics are of profound importance if we are to improve outcomes in gastric cancer. This study assessed the incidence of mesothelin expression in tumors of Western patients with gastric cancer. In addition, gastric cancer cell lines were then tested for their sensitivity to SS1(dsFv)PE38 (SS1P), a mesothelin-targeted immunotoxin. Methods: Tissue specimens from 127 patients with gastric or gastro-esophageal junction (GEJ) tumors were examined by immuno-histochemistry (IHC) for intensity of staining for mesothelin. Expression of HER2-neu, e-cadherin and c-Met were also assessed. Tumors were considered positive for mesothelin if moderate cytoplasmic/membranous or luminal staining was present in at least 10% of the cells. Gastric cancer cell lines were assessed for surface mesothelin expression by flow cytometry and the viability of cells treated with SS1P was measured. Results: Gastric and GEJ cancers were mesothelin positive in 64/127 tumors (50%) while only 9 tumors (7%) were Her2-neu IHC +3 positive and 8 tumors (6%) were c-Met positive (c-Met low 5% and c-Met high 1%). Mesothelin expression rates changed from stage I tumors to stage IV tumors (39% to 56% respectively). We found that both the AGS and MKN28 gastric cancer cell lines express mesothelin and are sensitive to the immunotoxin with EC50 values in the low picomolar range (0.4 and 0.3 ng/mL, respectively). Conclusions: Mesothelin is a cell surface glycoprotein that is expressed in 50% of resected gastric cancers. Gastric cancer cell lines were exquisitely sensitive to SS1P. The high expression of mesothelin and its sensitivity to the immunotoxin SS1P makes it an attractive tumor associated antigen for therapeutic targeting. Based on these observations clinical trials involving novel mesothelin targeted drugs in gastric cancer are currently in development.
Joint synthesis of fault detector and controller based on structure of two-degree-of-freedom control system (2003)

We propose a method for joint synthesis of a fault detector and controller based on the free parameters of the fault detector, controller and plant. By using such parametrization, the fault detector design and controller design are merged into one design problem harmoniously, and the plant uncertainty is handled naturally. Since our approach relies on the manipulation of block diagrams, there is a nice physical interpretation of the resulting structure. As an example, this design method is applied to the control of a three mass system.
Combined Immunohistochemistry for Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) and Pro-GnRH, andin SituHybridization for GnRH Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Rat Brain (1989)

Experiments were performed to explore the distribution of neurons containing pro-GnRH and GnRH in the rat brain and to determine the correspondence of immunoreactive peptides and pro-GnRH mRNA. Using avidin-biotin immunohistochemistry on free floating vibratome sections it was found that pro-GnRH- and GnRH-containing cells exhibited a similar distribution within the preoptic area-basal hypothalamus region. Within individual neurons pro-GnRH was primarily detected in the cell soma and proximal fibers, whereas the decapeptide was present in cells, fibers, and nerve terminals. Combined avidin-biotin immunohistochemistry for GnRH or pro-GnRH peptides and in situ hybridization for pro-GnRH mRNA using a cRNA probe revealed that the peptides and mRNA could be detected in the same cells. In both male and female rats pro-GnRH mRNA was localized primarily in GnRH-containing cells; however, not all immunoreactive GnRH neurons contained detectable levels of pro-GnRH mRNA, and not all neurons containing pro-GnRH mRNA contained GnRH peptides. In proestrous females a close correlation existed between the total number of neurons containing GnRH and those containing pro-GnRH mRNA (r = 0.84-0.9), while in intact male rats the correlation was not as high (r = 0.56). These results document the distribution of pro-GnRH and GnRH in the rat preoptic area-basal hypothalamus and describe the extent of colocalization of GnRH peptide and pro-GnRH mRNA in proestrous females and intact male rats. Further work will determine how each of the molecular components is regulated during different reproductive states.
Expression of c-myc is under dietary control in rat liver. (1987)

Expression of c-myc has often been related to the control of growth and differentiation of a variety of cell types. However, in some cases, such a relation has not been found. The rate of cell division is very low in liver, but c-myc expression is yet easily detected. We show here that a short-time physiological fasting results in a dramatic decrease of c-myc expression in rat liver. This effect does not seem to be dependent on glucagon, since administration of glucagon leads to an increase in c-myc mRNA. This is to our knowledge, the first evidence of a physiological variation of proto-oncogene expression linked to food intake, and we suggest that this variation could play a role in liver cell growth control.