gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescent Nanoparticle-Based Probes for Bioassays (2014)

Optical imaging techniques for the assessment of tissue anatomy, physiology, and metabolic and molecular function have emerged as an essential tool for both the basic researcher and the clinical practitioner. One concern of clinical practitioners is that too much harmful radiation is used to detect diseased tissue. e attractiveness of optical imaging techniques arises from the fact that uorescent dyes can be detected at low concentrations and nonionizing, harmless radiation can be applied repeatedly to the patient. Furthermore, the remarkable progress in the development of optical instrumentation in the last two decades (laser excitation and detection systems) has decisively contributed to the growing applicability of optical imaging techniques, which have the advantage of being cheap, small in size, and, therefore, readily available to solve clinical problems. e design of contrast agents for optical in vivo imaging of diseased tissues has also emerged and is reected by an increasing number of publications in this area.1,2 Novel probes have been synthesized and characterized for their ability to monitor diseasespecic anatomical, physiological, and molecular parameters through their optical signals. e multifarious world of chromophores and uorophores provides various parameters that can be exploited for diagnostic measurement and detection.
Nanoimprint Lithography of 20-nm-Pitch Dot Array Pattern Using Tone Reversal Process (2013)

The nanoimprint lithography (NIL) of a hexagonal dot array pattern with 20 nm pitch was demonstrated using a tone reversal process. The dot array was formed by the self-assembled polystyrene–poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS–PDMS) diblock copolymer. The dot pattern was transferred to a hole pattern on the imprint resist layer by a UV-NIL process. The hole pattern was filled with spin-on-glass (SOG). By removing the imprint resist matrix, the SOG dot pattern was formed as a final mask layer. The surface tension of the imprint resist was adjusted to achieve high-quality pattern transfer and demolding. The standard deviation of the diameter and pitch of the dot pattern suffered about 1% drop through the UV-NIL and tone reversal process.
A randomized trial of a behavioral intervention to decrease hospital length of stay by decreasing bedrest (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov, HS-16-00804.
Size effects in small oxide confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1996)

Data are presented on small area vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with lateral sizes ranging from 5 to 1 μm that use both oxide confinement and a high-contrast distributed Bragg reflector as the upper mirror. Optical loss becomes appreciable for device sizes less than 3 μm in diameter, and is analyzed through measurements of threshold, differential output efficiency, and the far-field radiation patterns. The results suggest that loss of optical confinement occurs for thin apertures and small device sizes.
Nifedipine‐Induced Changes in the Electrohysterogram of Preterm Contractions: Feasibility in Clinical Practice (2010)

Objective. Evaluating changes in the power spectral density (PSD) peak frequency of the electrohysterogram (EHG) caused by nifedipine in women with preterm contractions. Methods. Calculation of the PSD peak frequency in EHG contraction bursts at different times of nifedipine treatment in women in gestational age 24 to 32 weeks with contractions. Results. A significant (P < .05) decrease of PSD peak frequency between EHG signals measured before and 15 minutes after administration of nifedipine. A significant (P < .05) decrease in PSD peak frequency comparing signals recorded within 24 hours after administration of nifedipine to signals 1 day after tocolytic treatment. A higher average PSD peak frequency for patients delivering within 1 week than that for patients delivering after 1 week from nifedipine treatment (P > .05). Conclusions. EHG signal analysis has great potential for quantitative monitoring of uterine contractions. Treatment with nifedipine leads to a shift to lower PSD peak frequency in the EHG signal.
The N-glycome of Ashbya gossypii´s native secreted proteins (2011)

Within the framework of a project aimed at analysing the basis of Ashbya gossypii protein secretory capabilities, we focused our attention on the processing of glycoproteins. Complex carbohydrate structures, glycans, are essential components of glycoproteins, contributing to the functional conformation and to the selection of the final destination of these proteins. Presently, the glycosylation pattern and degree of glycosylation performed by A. gossypii remains unexplored. In this study, using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometric profiling, we have examined the N-glycans present in A. gossypii‘s native glycoproteins secreted under different culture conditions. N-glycan profiling revealed that the major glycan species derived from A. gossypii‘s secreted proteins are small glycans containing core-type structures with eight to eleven hexoses (H8±11N2). Growth in defined minimal medium also resulted in charged glycan structures that were slightly bigger and were either phosphorylated or sulphated (H13±15N2P/S). In contrast, no charged glycans could be detected when complex rich medium was used. Some signals detected in the spectra may correspond to more complex N-glycans structures containing fucose, phosphate and pentose residues. Understanding A. gossypii’s glycobiology offers a basis for future studies of its protein secretion processes and may possibly be of practical impact in the production of heterologous proteins.
Reliability concerns for double clad fiber lasers for space based laser communications (2002)

This paper reviews present reliability issues for double clad fiber lasers that could be used as part of a space based laser communication system. Effects of radiation, environmental conditions and operation at high optical powers are reviewed.
THE MODERN DECK-SLAP INJURIES: 3-YEAR OUTCOMES OF CALCANEAL BLAST FRACTURES (2012)

Anti-vehicle mines (AV) and Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) remain the most prevalent threat to Coalition troops operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. Detonation of these devices results in rapid deflection of the vehicle floor resulting in severe injuries to calcaneus. Anecdotally referred to as a ‘deck-slap’ injury, there have been no studies evaluating the pattern of injury or the effect of these potentially devastating injuries since World War II. Therefore the aim of this study is to determine the pattern of injury, medical management and functional outcome of UK Service Personnel sustaining calcaneal injuries from under-vehicle explosions. From Jan 2006 – Dec 2008, utilising a prospectively collected trauma registry (Joint Theatre Trauma Registry, JTTR), the records of all UK Service Personnel sustaining a fractured calcaneus from a vehicle explosion were identified for in depth review. For each patient, demographic data, New Injury Severity Score (NISS), and associated injuries were recorded. In addition, the pattern of calcaneal fracture, the method of stabilisation, local complications and need for amputation was noted. Functional recovery was related to the ability of the casualty to return to military duties. Forty calcaneal fractures (30 patients) were identified in this study. Mean follow-up was 33.2 months. The median NISS was 17, with the lower extremity the most severely injured body region in 90% of cases. Nine (30%) had an associated spinal injury. The overall amputation rate was 45% (18/40); 11 limbs (28%) were amputated primarily, with a further 3 amputated on return to the UK. Four (10%) casualties required a delayed amputation for chronic pain (mean 19.5 months). Of the 29 calcaneal fractures salvaged at the field hospital, wound infection developed in 11 (38%). At final follow-up, only 2 (6%) were able to return to full military duty with 23 (76%) only fit for sedentary work or unfit any military duty. Calcaneal injuries following under-vehicle explosions are commonly associated with significant polytrauma, of which the lower limb injury is the most severe. Spinal injuries were frequently associated with this injury pattern and it is recommended that radiological evaluation of the spine be performed on all patients presenting with calcaneal injuries from this injury mechanism. The severity of the hindfoot injury witnessed is reflected by the high infection rate and amputation rate seen in this cohort of patients. Given the high physical demands of a young, active military population, only a small proportion of casualties were able to return to pre-injury duties. We believe that the key to the reduction in the injury burden to the soldier lies in the primary prevention of this injury. Work is currently on going to develop experimental and numerical models of this injury in order to drive future mitigation strategies.
Electron bombardment of films used for reducing spurious charge in electrostatic electron optics (2011)

In electrostatic electron optics charging on the surfaces of insulators separating the electrodes can cause undesired beam fluctuation. In prior work, the authors showed that coating the insulators with a film deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) could lead to acceptably low charging effects in the reflection electron beam lithography system. However, the stability of the resistivity can also be affected by contaminants present in the vacuum environment of the electron beam tool. The mechanism of formation for carbon layers typically involves the cracking of hydrocarbon contaminants adsorbed on the film surface by photon, electrons, or heat. This work describes changes in resistivity of ALD films of zinc–zirconium oxide and tantalum–niobium oxide 40 nm thick under different operating conditions. In a vacuum system utilizing an oil rough pump and a turbo pump, <0.01 C/cm2 bombardment with 309 V electrons results in about 1 order of magnitude reduction in surface resistance. This effect was not observed in an ion-pumped system suggesting that carbon contamination is the culprit. XPS measurements confirmed this suspicion. Improved results on a new material under development are presented.
CCR5 monoclonal antibodies for HIV-1 therapy (2009)

CCR5 mAbs have demonstrated broad and potent antiviral activity in vitro. Clinical studies have established CCR5 mAbs as potent antiretroviral agents with prolonged activity following a single dose. CCR5 mAbs represent both a distinct class of CCR5 inhibitor and a novel approach to HIV-1 therapy.
Invitro Three Dimensional Evaluation Of Configuration Of Root Canals In The Mesial Root Of Permanent Mandibular First Molar (1999)

Mastering the art of endodontics requires a complete knowledge of morphology, principles of debridement and obturation. The failure in endodontic treatment has long been intriguing the Dental Surgeon because of insufficient knowledge of root canal system. Endodontic therapy in multi rooted teeth often pose a challenge to the endodontist because of wide variations in number and configuration of the root canals. Since the mandibular first molar is the tooth most frequently treated endodontically, and since the literature is so inconclusive and variable as regards morphology of this tooth, the present study was undertaken for a detailed investigation of the curvatures and configurations of the root, canals of permanent mandibular first molar. The variations are mostly detected in the mesial roots hence only mesial root of mandibular first molar was selected for this study. In order to evaluate configuration of the root canals, three dimensional radiographs were taken from buccolingual as well as mesiodistal direction.
Turbocharger Matching for a 4-Cylinder Gasoline HCCI Engine Using a 1D Engine Simulation (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Naturally aspirated HCCI operation is typically limited to medium load operation (∼ 5 bar net IMEP) by excessive pressure rise rate. Boosting can provide the means to extend the HCCI range to higher loads. Recently, it has been shown that HCCI can achieve loads of up to 16.3 bar of gross IMEP by boosting the intake pressure to more than 3 bar, using externally driven compressors. However, investigating HCCI performance over the entire speed-load range with real turbocharger systems still remains an open topic for research.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 1 - D simulation of a 4 - cylinder 2.0 liter engine model operated in HCCI mode was used to match it with off-the-shelf turbocharger systems. The engine and turbocharger system was simulated to identify maximum load limits over a range of engine speeds. Low exhaust enthalpy due to the low temperatures that are characteristic of HCCI combustion caused increased back-pressure and high pumping losses and demanded the use of a small and more efficient turbocharger. The paper shows that the load range of naturally aspirated HCCI can be noticeably extended to ∼12 bar net IMEP, while achieving net indicated efficiencies of ∼37 % at 2500 rpm, where the turbocharger was best matched. The study shows that there is significant potential to achieve load extension with existing turbochargers; however the load increase strongly depends on the turbocharger selection and matching.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by NG-nitro-L-arginine causes a preferential decrease in pancreatic islet blood flow in normal rats and spontaneously diabetic GK rats. (1994)

To elucidate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the blood flow of the pancreatic islets, the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine (N-arg; 25 mg/kg BW) was administered iv to rats 10 min before pancreatic blood flow was measured with a nonradioactive microsphere technique. In male Sprague-Dawley rats, N-arg induced a marked decrease in islet blood flow (16 +/- 4 vs. 44 +/- 8 microliters/min.g pancreas; P < 0.001) and a less pronounced decrease in whole pancreatic blood flow (0.27 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.43 +/- 0.06 ml/min.g; P < 0.05), leading to a markedly decreased fractional islet blood flow (5.5 +/- 0.9% vs. 10.3 +/- 1.3%; P < 0.02). In a second experiment, injection of D-glucose (300 mg/kg BW, iv) in male Sprague-Dawley rats induced a selective increase in islet blood flow (P < 0.05). Such an increase has previously been shown to be mediated by a vagal cholinergic mechanism. Administration of N-arg to these rats resulted in decreased pancreatic (P < 0.05), islet (P < 0.001), and fractional (P < 0.001) islet blood flow, which did not differ from those observed in normoglycemic rats after treatment with N-arg. Furthermore, we studied the mechanism behind the previously described increase in islet blood perfusion, mediated by the vagus nerve, in F1-hybrids of the GK (Goto-Kakizaki) rat, a spontaneous animal model of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Administration of N-arg to female GK rats resulted in decreases in islet (P < 0.001), pancreatic (P < 0.01), and fractional islet blood flow (P < 0.001) to the levels observed in female Wistar rats treated in parallel. These data are consistent with the possibility that NO is an important physiological regulator of islet blood flow. Furthermore, the vagally dependent high levels of islet blood flow demonstrated in the GK rat appear to be mediated by a mechanism involving NO.
A practical formulation of 3 dimensional sound reproduction using Wave Field Synthesis (2011)

Sound field reproduction using Wave Field Synthesis has been so far limited to the positioning of virtual sources and listeners in the horizontal plane only although the underlying formulation (Kirchhoff-Helmholtz) describes the reproduction of 3 dimensional sound fields in a 3 dimensional subspace. However, a strict use of this formulation would require a surface loudspeaker array with an impractical number of loudspeakers. The authors propose here an optimized formulation of Wave Field Synthesis in 3 dimensions that account both for the limitation of localization accuracy of elevated sources and the target listening area size. In contrast to other 3 dimensional sound reproduction techniques such as Higher Order Ambisonics, the proposed approach allows for irregular and incomplete loudspeaker layouts for targeting specific areas for virtual positioning and accounting for practical limitations in loudspeaker positioning. The paper also proposes a subjective evaluation of the proposed approach in an extended listening area. The experiment relies on elevated physical sources (loudspeakers) to be matched in localization with virtual sources reproduced with the proposed approach with a 24 channels loudspeaker array that covers the frontal quarter of the upper half of a rectangular room.
Syntheses of Molybdenum Oxo Alkylidene Complexes through Addition of Water to an Alkylidyne Complex (2018)

Addition of one equiv of water to Mo(CAr)[OCMe(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>3</sub>(1,2-dimethoxyethane) (2, Ar = o-(OMe)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) in the presence of PPhMe<sub>2</sub> leads to formation of Mo(O)(CHAr)[OCMe(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(PPhMe<sub>2</sub>) (3(PPhMe<sub>2</sub>)) in 34% yield. Addition of one equiv of water alone to 2 produces the dimeric alkylidyne hydroxide complex, {Mo(CAr)[OCMe(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>]<sub>2</sub>(μ-OH)}<sub>2</sub>(dme) (4(dme)) in which each bridging hydroxide proton points toward an oxygen atom in an arylmethoxy group. Addition of PMe<sub>3</sub> to 4(dme) gives the alkylidene oxo complex, (3(PMe<sub>3</sub>)), an analogue of 3(PPhMe<sub>2</sub>) (95% conversion, 66% isolated). Treatment of 3(PMe<sub>3</sub>) with two equiv of HCl gave Mo(O)(CHAr)Cl<sub>2</sub>(PMe<sub>3</sub>) (5), which upon addition of LiO-2,6-(2,4,6-i-Pr<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub> (LiOHIPT) gave Mo(O)(CHAr)(OHIPT)Cl(PMe<sub>3</sub>) (6). Compound 6 in the presence of B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub> will initiate the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of cyclooctene, 5,6-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD), and rac-5,6-dicarbomethoxynorbornene (DCMNBE), and the homocoupling of 1-decene to 9-octadecene. The poly(DCMNBD) has a cis,syndiotactic structure, whereas poly(DCMNBE) has a cis,syndiotactic,alt structure. X-ray structures were obtained for 3(PPhMe<sub>2</sub>), 4(dme), and 6.
Effect of D-D Reactions on the Volume Ignition of Laser-Driven D-3He Fusion Pellets (1993)

As the volume ignition of deuterium-helium-3 (D-3He) and deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fuels has been numerically modeled, the nuclear fusion reaction , including the secondary D(d,n) He and D(d,p) reactions, is now investigated, and its energy efficiency and ignition conditions are examined. For the first time, it is shown that although the n/D-3He ratio depends on volume and density, this ratio is small and nearly the same for different pellet volumes and pellet concentrations for conditions where pellet ignition occurs. Also, the inclusion of the D-D reactions increases the fusion gain and significantly changes the ignition conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Oligomers of Polycarbonates and Polyesters (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Iodinated Aluminum(III) Corroles with Long-Lived Triplet Excited States (2011)

The first reported iodination of a corrole leads to selective functionalization of the four C-H bonds on one pole of the macrocycle. An aluminum(III) complex of the tetraiodinated corrole, which exhibits red fluorescence, possesses a long-lived triplet excited state.
Atomically flattening of Si surface of silicon on insulator and isolation-patterned wafers (2015)

By introducing high-purity and low-temperature Ar annealing at 850 °C, atomically flat Si surfaces of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) and shallow-trench-isolation (STI)-patterned wafers were obtained. In the case of the STI-patterned wafer, this low-temperature annealing and subsequent radical oxidation to form a gate oxide film were introduced into the complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process with 0.22 µm technology. As a result, a test array circuit for evaluating the electrical characteristics of a very large number (>260,000) of metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) having an atomically flat gate insulator/Si interface was successfully fabricated on a 200-mm-diameter wafer. By evaluating 262,144 nMOSFETs, it was found that not only the gate oxide reliability was improved, but also the noise amplitude of the gate–source voltage related to the random telegraph noise (RTN) was reduced owing to the introduction of the atomically flat gate insulator/Si interface.
Coulomb staircase in STM current through granular films (2000)

The tunneling current through a junction array consisting of a scanning tunneling microscope tip and a granular film is studied both theoretically and experimentally. When the tunnel resistance between the tip and a granule on the surface is much larger than those between granules, a bottleneck of the tunneling current is created in the array and the Coulomb staircase (CS) appears in the $I\ensuremath{-}V$ curve at room temperature. It is shown that the period of the CS is given by the capacitance at the bottleneck even though a granular film consists of many tunnel junctions with different capacitances. Our study provides a possibility for single-electron-spin-electronic devices at room temperature.
Tri- and Tetrasubstituted Functionalized Vinyl Sulfides by Radical Allylation (2013)

2-Fluoropyridinyl-6-oxy- precursors derived from phenyl vinyl sulfide react with radicals generated from xanthates via an addition-elimination process to furnish the corresponding vinyl sulfides in good yields. This convergent method is operationally simple and enables a straightforward synthesis of the difficult to access tetrasubstituted vinyl sulfides. Vinyl sulfides were used as more robust enol ether surrogates in highly stereoselective reactions with N-acylium cations leading to nitrogen-containing polycyclic structures.
Amino acid sequences at the two sites on glycogen synthetase phosphorylated by cyclic AMP‐dependent protein kinase and their dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase‐III (1977)

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