gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative effects of cholera toxin, Salmonella typhimurium culture lysate, and viable Salmonella typhimurium in isolated colon segments in ponies (1989)

Isolated segments of left dorsal colon and a side-to-side colocolostomy (between the left ventral colon and left dorsal colon) were surgically created in 6 adult ponies. Four segments, each separated by an empty segment, were inoculated (20 ml) with 1 of the following 4 solutions: phosphate buffered saline solution (PBSS)/1% polyethylene glycol (PEG); purified cholera toxin in PBSS/1% PEG (5 micrograms cholera toxin/ml of PBSS/1% PEG); lyophilized Salmonella typhimurium UCD 1755 culture lysate, reconstituted in PBSS/1% PEG; and viable S typhimurium UCD 1755 (10(8) organisms/ml of PBSS/1% PEG). Twenty hours following inoculation of the treatment solutions into the isolated colon segments, the ponies were reanesthetized. Fluid accumulation in the isolated segments was measured, and tissue samples from isolated segments were taken for examination by light microscopy and electron microscopy, and for measurement of mucosal cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. There was fluid accumulation in segments inoculated with cholera toxin in 4 ponies (29.5 +/- 12.7 ml), and in segments inoculated with S typhimurium UCD 1755 culture lysate in 3 ponies (14.0 +/- 8.7 ml). There was no fluid accumulation in segments inoculated with either the control solution (PBSS/1% PEG) or viable S typhimurium UCD 1755. There was significantly (P less than 0.05) less cyclic adenosine monophosphate in segments inoculated with cholera toxin, Salmonella lysate, and viable Salmonella, compared with control segments. Histologically, there were minimal changes in control segments, consisting of mild to moderate submucosal edema and capillary congestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Precise determination of the $B^0_s$-$\overline{B}^0_s$ oscillation frequency (2021)

Mesons comprising a beauty quark and a strange quark can oscillate between particle (B0s) and antiparticle (B0s) flavour eigenstates, with a frequency given by the mass difference between heavy and light mass eigenstates, deltams. Here we present ameasurement of deltams using B0s2DsPi decays produced in proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The oscillation frequency is found to be deltams = 17.7683 +- 0.0051 +- 0.0032 ps-1, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. This measurement improves upon the current deltams precision by a factor of two. We combine this result with previous LHCb measurements to determine deltams = 17.7656 +- 0.0057 ps-1, which is the legacy measurement of the original LHCb detector.
Connections: Silicon Man and Burning Valley (2008)

Once a year, technology entrepreneurs drive out to the desert and set a 50-foot man-shaped bundle of sticks on fire during Burning Man, a bacchanalian expression of the values of Silicon Valley culture. Burning Man and Silicon Valley arise from the same geographic milieu, involve many of the same participants, and share important cultural values. The ten principles that epitomize its Burning Man's philosophy, including values of creative expression (radical self-expression, immediacy), social structure (radical inclusiveness, radical self-reliance, participation), and economic philosophy (gifting, decommodification, communal effort, civic responsibility, and leaving no trace) are very similar to the elements of the Silicon Valley economic habitat This article explore these similarities and what their implications might be for these two cultural environments.
Zinc and tetrathiomolybdate for the treatment of Wilson’s disease and the potential efficacy of anticopper therapy in a wide variety of diseases (2009)

Wilson's disease, an autosomal recessive disease of copper accumulation and copper toxicity primarily in the liver and brain, has been the engine that has driven the development of anticopper drugs. Here we first briefly review Wilson's disease, then review the four anticopper drugs used to treat Wilson's disease. We then discuss the results of therapy with anticopper drugs in Wilson's disease, with special emphasis on the newer and better drugs, zinc and tetrathiomolybdate. We then discuss new areas of anticopper therapy, lowering copper availability with tetrathiomolybdate as a therapy in fibrotic, inflammatory, and autoimmune disorders. Many of the cytokines which promote these disorders are copper dependent, and lowering copper availability lessens the activity of these cytokines, favorably influencing a variety of disease processes. Copper in the blood can be thought of as in two pools. One pool is covalently bound in ceruloplasmin, a protein containing six coppers, synthesized by the liver and secreted into the blood. Ceruloplasmin copper accounts for almost 85 to 90% of the blood copper in normal people. This copper is tightly bound and not readily available for cellular uptake and copper toxicity. The other 10-15% of copper is more loosely bound to albumin and other small molecules in the blood, and is readily and freely available to cells and available to cause copper toxicity, if this pool of copper is increased. We call this latter pool of copper "free" copper because of its more ready availability. However, it should be understood that it is not completely free, always being bound to albumin and other molecules. It is this pool of free copper that is greatly expanded in untreated Wilson's patients undergoing copper toxicity.
Materials for Human Implantation (1979)

Research Papers Materials for Human Implantation W. Rostoker, W. Rostoker University of Illinois, Chicago Circle, Chicago, Ill. 60680 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. O. Galante J. O. Galante Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, Ill. 60612 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and Article Information W. Rostoker University of Illinois, Chicago Circle, Chicago, Ill. 60680 J. O. Galante Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke’s Medical Center, Chicago, Ill. 60612 J Biomech Eng. Feb 1979, 101(1): 2-14 (13 pages) https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3426221 Published Online: February 1, 1979 Article history Received: July 19, 1978 Online: October 21, 2010
Engineered human liver based on pullulan-dextran hydrogel promotes mice survival after liver failure (2023)

Liver tissue engineering approaches aim to support drug testing, assistance devices, or transplantation. However, their suitability for clinical application remains unsatisfactory. Herein, we demonstrate the beneficial and biocompatible use of porous pullulan-dextran hydrogel for the self-assembly of hepatocytes and biliary-like cells into functional 3D microtissues. Using HepaRG cells, we obtained 21 days maintenance of engineered liver polarity, functional detoxification and excretion systems, as well as glycogen storage in hydrogel. Implantation on two liver lobes in mice of hydrogels containing 3800 HepaRG 3D structures of 100 ​μm in diameter, indicated successful engraftment and no signs of liver toxicity after one month. Finally, after acetaminophen-induced liver failure, when mice were transplanted with engineered livers on left lobe and peritoneal cavity, the survival rate at 7 days significantly increased by 31.8% compared with mice without cell therapy. These findings support the clinical potential of pullulan-dextran hydrogel for liver failure management.
Vacuolar ATPase in Phagosome-Lysosome Fusion (2015)

The vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (v-ATPase) complex is instrumental in establishing and maintaining acidification of some cellular compartments, thereby ensuring their functionality. Recently it has been proposed that the transmembrane V0 sector of v-ATPase and its a-subunits promote membrane fusion in the endocytic and exocytic pathways independent of their acidification functions. Here, we tested if such a proton-pumping independent role of v-ATPase also applies to phagosome-lysosome fusion. Surprisingly, endo(lyso)somes in mouse embryonic fibroblasts lacking the V0 a3 subunit of the v-ATPase acidified normally, and endosome and lysosome marker proteins were recruited to phagosomes with similar kinetics in the presence or absence of the a3 subunit. Further experiments used macrophages with a knockdown of v-ATPase accessory protein 2 (ATP6AP2) expression, resulting in a strongly reduced level of the V0 sector of the v-ATPase. However, acidification appeared undisturbed, and fusion between latex bead-containing phagosomes and lysosomes, as analyzed by electron microscopy, was even slightly enhanced, as was killing of non-pathogenic bacteria by V0 mutant macrophages. Pharmacologically neutralized lysosome pH did not affect maturation of phagosomes in mouse embryonic cells or macrophages. Finally, locking the two large parts of the v-ATPase complex together by the drug saliphenylhalamide A did not inhibit in vitro and in cellulo fusion of phagosomes with lysosomes. Hence, our data do not suggest a fusion-promoting role of the v-ATPase in the formation of phagolysosomes.
Fading-resistant and MUI-free codes for CDMA systems (1999)

A new class of codes was proposed recently for perfect multi-user interference (MUI) suppression in code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. These so called Lagrange-Vandermonde (LV) codes offer deterministic MUI elimination without channel estimation, and convert frequency selective channels into flat fading channels. In this work, we develop dual CDMA transceivers, naturally termed Vandermonde Lagrange (VL), with the precoder-decoder roles interchanged, in order to improve the system flexibility in the code assignment. We also derive and test nonredundant and redundant techniques for combating the residual flat fading.
Selectin-Mediated Recruitment of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells in the Postischemic Cerebral Microvasculature (2011)

Cerebral vascular endothelium assume a proadhesive phenotype after ischemic stroke that favors the recruitment of BMSCs, which use both P- and E-selectin to home into the infarct site. CD44 may serve as the critical ligand for selectin-mediated BMSC recruitment.
Surface Modification of Graphene for Use as a Structural Fortifier in Water-Borne Epoxy Coatings (2019)

Graphene, the typical two-dimensional sp2 hybridized carbon allotrope, is widely used as a filler for improving the mechanical performance of polymers. However, its superhydrophobic surface makes it a big challenge to obtain stable graphene dispersions, especially in water-borne systems. On the contrary, graphene oxide (GO) shows excellent dispersibility in water, but strong oxidants and acids destroy its structure and degrade its mechanical properties. This largely limits its application in water-borne coatings. In this work, graphene from mechanical exfoliation was surface modified by p-aminophenol derived diazonium salt to achieve a homogenous dispersion. Moreover, the hydroxyl groups in p-aminophenol are able to combine with epoxy resins during the curing process to improve mechanical performance of the final coatings. The result shows that functionalized graphene shows a lower coefficient of friction and better abrasion resistance compared to GO.
Babel's tower revisited: a universal resource for cross-referencing across annotation databases (2006)

OT is a part of Onto-Tools, which is freely available at http://vortex.cs.wayne.edu/Projects.html
Supplementary Figures 1 - 6 from A Cross-Species Analysis in Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors Reveals Molecular Subtypes with Distinctive Clinical, Metastatic, Developmental, and Metabolic Characteristics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. NMF analysis of PanNET miR expression and its validation. Supplementary Figure 2. NMF analysis of PanNET gene expression and its validation. Supplementary Figure 3. Cross-species analysis of gene expression subtypes in human and mouse PanNETs. Supplementary Figure 4. ENPP2 and INS mRNA expression in human PanNET subtypes as assessed using human PanNET core clinical gene expression microarray dataset. Supplementary Figure 5. Comparison of mouse PanNET subtypes to microdissected invasive IT vs. non-invasive IC2 of mouse PanNET tumors: Relationship to PanNET histotypes and progenitor gene signatures. Supplementary Figure 6. Metabolic profiles of IT and MLP cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Development of a bi-functional silica monolith for electro-osmotic pumping and DNA clean-up/extraction using gel-supported reagents in a microfluidic device (2009)

A silica monolith used to support both electro-osmotic pumping (EOP) and the extraction/elution of DNA coupled with gel-supported reagents is described. The benefits of the combined EOP extraction/elution system were illustrated by combining DNA extraction and gene amplification using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. All the reagents necessary for both processes were supported within pre-loaded gels that allow the reagents to be stored at 4 degrees C for up to four weeks in the microfluidic device. When carrying out an analysis the crude sample only needed to be hydrodynamically introduced into the device which was connected to an external computer controlled power supply via platinum wire electrodes. DNA was extracted with 65% efficiency after loading lysed cells onto a silica monolith. Ethanol contained within an agarose gel matrix was then used to wash unwanted debris away from the sample by EOP (100 V cm(-1) for 5 min). The retained DNA was subsequently eluted from the monolith by water contained in a second agarose gel, again by EOP using an electric field of 100 V cm(-1) for 5 min, and transferred into the PCR reagent containing gel. The eluted DNA in solution was successfully amplified by PCR, confirming that the concept of a complete self-contained microfluidic device could be realised for DNA sample clean up and amplification, using a simple pumping and on-chip reagent storage methodology.
Unambiguous evidence of the existence of polarization field crossover in a semipolar InGaN/GaN single quantum well (2009)

We present an electroreflectance study of the piezoelectric field in a semipolar (1011¯) oriented In0.15Ga0.85N quantum well (QW). The flatband condition is precisely determined by examining the zero-crossing of the electroreflectance signal. The polarization field determined by the flatband condition is 840±150 kV/cm, in the direction opposite to the built-in field. The corresponding polarization charge at the heterointerface is 0.008±0.002 C/m2. Our experimental result indicates that in the semipolar InGaN/GaN QW there is a crossover angle between the C-axis and the growth direction where the polarization field vanishes.
Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders During Surgery (1996)

Departments of Anesthesiology, Medicine and Pharmacology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina Anesth. Analg., 80: 806–809, 1995
A pulse sequence for rapid in vivo spin‐locked MRI (2006)

We demonstrate the feasibility of the SLEPI pulse sequence to perform rapid T1rho MRI. The sequence produced images of higher quality than a gradient-echo EPI sequence for the same contrast evolution times. We also discuss applications and limitations of the pulse sequence.
Introducing scenario based learning: Experiences from an undergraduate electronic and electrical engineering course (2010)

The aim of this work is to introduce scenarios into the first and second year of our undergraduate electronic and electrical engineering curriculum to improve the educational and learning experience of our students and in doing so improve the quality of our graduates. This paper introduces the curriculum development involved in the implementation of scenarios. We reflect upon and analyze the successful aspects of this trial and identify those areas that are in need of improvement.
Inherent Conformational Preferences of Ac‐Gln‐Gln‐NHBn: Sidechain Hydrogen Bonding Supports a β‐Turn in the Gas Phase (2016)

Gas-phase single-conformation spectroscopy is used to study Ac-Gln-Gln-NHBn in order to probe the interplay between sidechain hydrogen bonding and backbone conformational preferences. This small, amide-rich peptide offers many possibilities for backbone-backbone, sidechain-backbone, and sidechain-sidechain interactions. The major conformer observed experimentally features a type-I β-turn with a canonical 10-membered ring C=O-H-N hydrogen bond between backbone amide groups. In addition, the C=O group of each Gln sidechain participates in a seven-membered ring hydrogen bond with the backbone NH of the same residue. Thus, sidechain hydrogen-bonding potential is satisfied in a manner that is consistent with and stabilizes the β-turn secondary structure. This turn-forming propensity may be relevant to pathogenic amyloid formation by polyglutamine segments in human proteins.
Optical implementation of the stream cipher based on the irreversible cellular automata algorithm (1997)

A hybrid optical scheme for efficient hardware implementation of the one-dimensional, three-neighborhood binary cellular automata rule a(i)(?) =a(i-1)XOR(a(i)OR a(i+1)) -based stream cipher is proposed. The system makes full use of the parallel, space-invariant, cascadable, and modular structure of the algorithm and is simple, robust, and compact. The number of cellular automata arrays can be as large as the number of pixels on the spatial light modulator, which results in an increase in speed (number of bits operated in parallel) and security (key length). The system can be made fully optical with the use of an optically addressable spatial light modulator for the input plane and for the nonlinear threshold element.
Synthetic microparticles conjugated with VEGF165 improve the survival of endothelial progenitor cells via microRNA-17 inhibition (2017)

Several cell-based therapies are under pre-clinical and clinical evaluation for the treatment of ischemic diseases. Poor survival and vascular engraftment rates of transplanted cells force them to work mainly via time-limited paracrine actions. Although several approaches, including the use of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (sVEGF)-VEGF<sub>165</sub>, have been developed in the last 10 years to enhance cell survival, they showed limited efficacy. Here, we report a pro-survival approach based on VEGF-immobilized microparticles (VEGF-MPs). VEGF-MPs prolong VEGFR-2 and Akt phosphorylation in cord blood-derived late outgrowth endothelial progenitor cells (OEPCs). In vivo, OEPC aggregates containing VEGF-MPs show higher survival than those treated with sVEGF. Additionally, VEGF-MPs decrease miR-17 expression in OEPCs, thus increasing the expression of its target genes CDKN1A and ZNF652. The therapeutic effect of OEPCs is improved in vivo by inhibiting miR-17. Overall, our data show an experimental approach to improve therapeutic efficacy of proangiogenic cells for the treatment of ischemic diseases.Soluble vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) enhances vascular engraftment of transplanted cells but the efficacy is low. Here, the authors show that VEGF-immobilized microparticles prolong survival of endothelial progenitors in vitro and in vivo by downregulating miR17 and upregulating CDKN1A and ZNF652.
Uric acid lowering effect of oxipurinol sodium in hyperuricemic patients - therapeutic equivalence to allopurinol. (1996)

Oxipurinol is well absorbed and sufficiently effective in hyperuricemic patients when administered as a rapid release preparation of oxipurinol sodium. Oxipurinol sodium could be a substitute for allopurinol in hyperuricemic patients and possibly also with new uses for allopurinol.
Characterization of Precurved Needles for Use in Distal Tip Manipulation Mechanisms (2010)

Precurved needles are used in a variety of medical applications for both passive and active control of instrument position. In one application, the deployment of a precurved stylet from a concentric outer cannula can be used to achieve lateral positioning of the distal tip of the stylet. This paper outlines how the material and geometry of the stylet can be chosen to ensure that it will not yield and thus repeatedly return to its precurved shape when deployed from a cannula. Using this methodology, we calculate the maximum strain for a range of stylet geometries and show that nitinol is required for the stylet material so that it will not plastically deform. Then, 16 stylets of varying diameters (0.508 mm, 0.635 mm, 0.838 mm, and 0.990 mm) and radii of curvature (10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, and 40 mm) were manufactured. Experiments were performed with four different diameter cannulas (20, 18, 16, and 14 gauges) to measure the forces required to deploy the stylets from and retract them back inside the cannulas. Retraction forces were measured between 0.3 N and 13.9 N, and deployment forces were measured between 0.2 N and 7.0 N. For a given cannula, it was found that force increases as the stylet diameter increases and as the bend radius decreases.
SOP Conservative (Medical and Mechanical) Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction (2013)

Level 1 evidence exists that changes in sedentary lifestyle with weight loss and optimal treatment of concomitant diseases/risk factors (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia) can either improve ED or add to the efficacy of ED-specific therapies, e.g., PDE5 inhibitors. Level 1 evidence also exists that treatment of hypogonadism with total testosterone < 300 ng/dL (10.4 nmol/L) can either improve ED or add to the efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors. There is level 1 evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of the following monotherapies in a spectrum-wide range of ED populations: PDE5 inhibitors, intracavernosal injection therapy with prostaglandin E1 (PGE1, synonymous alprostadil) or vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)/phentolamine, and transurethral PGE1 therapy. There is level 2 evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of the following ED treatments: vacuum-erection therapy in a wide range of ED populations, oral L-arginine (3-5 g), topical PGE1 in special ED populations, intracavernosal injection therapy with papaverine/phentolamine (bimix), or papaverine/phentolamine/PGE1 (trimix) combination mixtures. There is level 3 evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of oral yohimbine in nonorganic ED. There is level 3 evidence that combination therapies of PDE5 inhibitors + either transurethral or intracavernosal injection therapy generate better efficacy rates than either monotherapy alone. There is level 4 evidence showing enhanced efficacy with the combination of vacuum-erection therapy + either PDE5 inhibitor or transurethral PGE1 or intracavernosal injection therapy. There is level 5 evidence (expert opinion) that combination therapy of PDE5 inhibitors + L-arginine or daily dosing of tadalafil + short-acting PDE5 inhibitors pro re nata may rescue PDE5 inhibitor monotherapy failures. There is level 5 evidence (expert opinion) that adding either PDE5 inhibitors or transurethral PGE1 may improve outcome of penile prosthetic surgery regarding soft (cold) glans syndrome. There is level 5 evidence (expert opinion) that the combination of PDE5 inhibitors and dapoxetine is effective and safe in patients suffering from both ED and premature ejaculation.
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system using rhodium doped InGaAs antennas: 637 μW peak power and 110 dB dynamic range (2020)

We present a terahertz (THz) time-domain spectroscopy system that employs photoconductive antennas based on rhodium (Rh) doped InGaAs both as emitter and receiver. Due to the unique electronic and dynamic properties of InGaAs: Rh, the system shows a record performance with 6.5 THz spectral bandwidth and 110 dB dynamic range. In addition, 637 μW of THz power could be generated out of 28 mW optical power with an InGaAs: Rh emitter, which is, to the best of our knowledge, the highest value reported for an all fiber coupled device.