gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable and spectrally switchable perfect absorber based on aphase-change material (2022)

In this paper, we propose a lithography-free spectrally tunable prefect absorber based on an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity using <i>G</i><i>e</i><sub>2</sub><i>S</i><i>b</i><sub>2</sub><i>T</i><i>e</i><sub>5</sub> (GST), a phase-change material, as the cavity layer. The proposed device shows a maximum absorption of 99.7% at 1550 nm, at a particular angle of incidence and polarization when the phase of GST is in the amorphous state. The absorption spectrum is spectrally switched to longer wavelength when the phase of GST is transformed from amorphous to crystalline. The tuning range is about 866 nm, and the maximum absorption is maintained above 99% in the whole tuning range. The crystallinity ratio of GST is varied by applying voltage pulses of different amplitudes and durations. The electrothermal cosimulations show that the phase change is obtained in the whole GST layer. Furthermore, by reamorphization of GST, the absorption spectrum can be switched back, enabling a reconfigurable perfect absorber. This work shows a viable path toward achieving a tunable perfect absorber covering a 1550 nm communication wavelength window as well as an emerging optical communication window around 2 µm wavelength.
Closed-loop high-speed 3D thermal probe nanolithography (2014)

Thermal Scanning Probe Lithography (tSPL) is an AFM based patterning technique, which uses heated tips to locally evaporate organic resists such as molecular glasses [1] or thermally sensitive polymers.[2][3] Organic resists offer the versatility of the lithography process known from the CMOS environment and simultaneously ensure a highly stable and low wear tip-sample contact due to the soft nature of the resists. Patterning quality is excellent up to a resolution of sub 15 nm,[1] at linear speeds of up to 20 mm/s and pixel rates of up to 500 kHz.[4] The patterning depth is proportional to the applied force which allows for the creation of 3-D profiles in a single patterning run.[2] In addition, non-destructive imaging can be done at pixel rates of more than 500 kHz.[4] If the thermal stimulus for writing the pattern is switched off the same tip can be used to record the written topography with Angstrom depth resolution. We utilize this unique feature of SPL to implement an efficient control system for reliable patterning at high speed and high resolution. We combine the writing and imaging process in a single raster scan of the surface. In this closed loop lithography (CLL) approach, we use the acquired data to optimize the writing parameters on the fly. Excellent control is in particular important for an accurate reproduction of complex 3D patterns. These novel patterning capabilities are equally important for a high quality transfer of two-dimensional patterns into the underlying substrate. We utilize an only 3-4 nm thick SiOx hardmask to amplify the 8±0.5 nm deep patterns created by tSPL into a 50 nm thick transfer polymer. The structures in the transfer polymer can be used to create metallic lines by a lift-off process or to further process the pattern into the substrate. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of 27 nm wide lines and trenches 60 nm deep into the Silicon substrate.[5] In addition, the combined read and write approach ensures that the lateral offset between read and write field is minimized. Thus we achieve high precision in marker-less stitching of patterning fields. A 2D cross-correlation technique is used to determine the offset of a neighboring patterning field relative to a previously written field with an accuracy of about 1 nm. We demonstrate stitching of 1 μm2 fields with ~5 nm accuracy and stitching of larger 10x10 μm2 fields with 10 nm accuracy.[6]
<title>Effect of low-angle quasi-particles on the laser damage threshold of KDP single crystals</title> (1997)

The thin structure of KDP crystals was studied using multicrystal x-ray diffraction analysis of high resolution and two-crystal topography for reflection. KDP crystals grown from aqueous solutions are characterized by the impurity striated structure caused by the fluctuation of the growth processes, the latter results in the nonuniform penetration and distribution of impurities and formation of low angle turns during a layer-by-layer growth. Low angle quasi-boundaries separating the strips of the normal growth are perhaps of a nondislocational origin. A qualitative correlation between the concentration of low angle quasi- boundaries in the crystal and the value of bulk laser damage threshold has been found.
Attenuation in waveguides on FR-4 boards due to periodic substrate undulations (2007)

The guided-mode attenuation associated with optical-interconnect-polymer waveguides fabricated on FR-4 printed-circuit boards is quantified. The rigorous transmission-line network approach is used and the FR-4 substrate is treated as a long-period substrate grating. A quantitative metric for an appropriate matrix truncation is presented. The peaks of attenuation are shown to occur near the Bragg conditions that characterize the leaky-wave stop bands. For a typical 400 microm period FR-4 substrate with an 8 microm corrugation depth, a buffer layer thickness of about 40 microm is found to be needed to make the attenuation negligibly small.
A Simple Chemical Synthesis of Sugar Nucleoside Diphosphates in Water (2013)

Chemoenzymatic oligosaccharide synthesis is attractive since it eliminates the tedious multistep protection-deprotection requirements of pure chemical synthesis. Chemoenzymatic synthesis using glycosyltransferases, however, requires not only the correct enzyme to control both regio- and stereospecificity, but also the glycosyl donor to provide the sugar that is added. This unit describes a simple synthesis of sugar-nucleoside diphosphates (sugar-NDPs), the type of glycosyl donor (e.g., UDP-Glc, UDP-Gal, ADP-Glc) required by most glycosyltransferases, by using a chemical coupling reaction in water. The preparation of sugar-NDPs by this method therefore does not require any skills in synthetic organic chemistry.
Novel Synthesis and Electrochemistry of Silver Hollandite (AgxMn8O16) (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Hierarchically Mesostructured Aluminum Current Collector for Enhancing the Performance of Supercapacitors (2018)

Aluminum (Al) current collector is one of the most important components of supercapacitors, and its performance has vital effects on the electrochemical performance and cyclic stability of supercapacitors. In the present work, a scalable and low-cost, yet highly efficient, picosecond laser processing method of Al current collectors was developed to improve the overall performance of supercapacitors. The laser treatment resulted in hierarchical micro-nanostructures on the surface of the commercial Al foil and reduced the surface oxygen content of the foil. The electrochemical performance of the Al foil with the micro-nanosurface structures was examined in the symmetrical activated carbon-based coin supercapacitors with an organic electrolyte. The results suggest that the laser-treated Al foil (laser-Al) increased the capacitance density of supercapacitors up to 110.1 F g<sup>-1</sup> and promoted the rate capability due to its low contact resistance with the carbonaceous electrode and high electrical conductivity derived from its larger specific surface areas and deoxidized surface. In addition, the capacitor with the laser-Al current collector exhibited high cyclic stability with 91.5% capacitance retention after 10 000 cycles, 21.3% higher than that with pristine-Al current collector due to its stronger bonding with the carbonaceous electrode that prevented any delamination during aging. Our work has provided a new strategy for improving the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.
Fano collective resonance as complex mode in a two-dimensional planar metasurface of plasmonic nanoparticles (2014)

Fano resonances are features in transmissivity/reflectivity/absorption that owe their origin to the interaction between a broad bright resonance and a dark (i.e., sub-radiant) narrower one. They may emerge in the optical properties of planar two-dimensional (2D) periodic arrays (metasurfaces) of plasmonic nanoparticles. In this letter, we provide a thorough assessment of their nature for the general case of normal and oblique plane wave incidence, highlighting when a Fano resonance is affected by the mutual coupling in an array and its capability to support free modal solutions. We analyze the representative case of a metasurface of plasmonic nanoshells at ultraviolet frequencies and compute its absorption under TE- and TM-polarized, oblique plane-wave incidence. In particular, we find that plasmonic metasurfaces display two distinct types of resonances observable as absorption peaks: one is related to the Mie electric dipolar resonance of each nanoparticle and the other is due to the forced excitation of free modes with small attenuation constant, usually found at oblique incidence. The latter is thus an array-induced collective Fano resonance. This realization opens up to manifold flexible designs at optical frequencies mixing individual and collective resonances. We explain the physical origin of such Fano resonances using the modal analysis through which we calculate the free modes with complex wavenumber supported by the metasurface. We define equivalent array dipolar polarizabilities that are directly related to the absorption physics at oblique incidence and show a direct dependence between array modal phase and attenuation constants and Fano resonances. We thus provide a more complete picture of Fano resonances that may lead to the design of filters, energy-harvesting devices, photodetectors, and sensors at ultraviolet frequencies. Similar resonances may be also extended to the visible range with an appropriate choice of geometries and materials.
Quantification and visualization of variation in anatomical trees (2014)

This paper presents two approaches to quantifying and visualizing variation in datasets of trees. The first approach localizes subtrees in which significant population differences are found through hypothesis testing and sparse classifiers on subtree features. The second approach visualizes the global metric structure of datasets through low-distortion embedding into hyperbolic planes in the style of multidimensional scaling. A case study is made on a dataset of airway trees in relation to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.
Towards Sustainable Heat Supply with Decentralized Multi-Energy Systems by Integration of Subsurface Seasonal Heat Storage (2021)

In the energy transition, multi-energy systems are crucial to reduce the temporal, spatial and functional mismatch between sustainable energy supply and demand. Technologies as power-to-heat (PtH) allow flexible and effective utilisation of available surplus green electricity when integrated with seasonal heat storage options. However, insights and methods for integration of PtH and seasonal heat storage in multi-energy systems are lacking. Therefore, in this study, we developed methods for improved integration and control of a high temperature aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) system within a decentralized multi-energy system. To this end, we expanded and integrated a multi-energy system model with a numerical hydro-thermal model to dynamically simulate the functioning of several HT-ATES system designs for a case study of a neighbourhood of 2000 houses. Results show that the integration of HT-ATES with PtH allows 100% provision of the yearly heat demand, with a maximum 25% smaller heat pump than without HT-ATES. Success of the system is partly caused by the developed mode of operation whereby the heat pump lowers the threshold temperature of the HT-ATES, as this increases HT-ATES performance and decreases the overall costs of heat production. Overall, this study shows that the integration of HT-ATES in a multi-energy system is suitable to match annual heat demand and supply, and to increase local sustainable energy use.
Stabilization of a Kinetically Favored Nanostructure:  Surface ROMP of Self-Assembled Conductive Nanocoils from a Norbornene-Appended Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (2006)

Newly designed norbornene-appended hexabenzocoronene 1 self-assembles, upon diffusion of an Et(2)O vapor into its CH(2)Cl(2) solution, to form either graphitic nanocoils or nanotubes, depending on the self-assembling conditions. The coiled assembly, selectively formed at 15 degrees C, is a kinetic intermediate for the tubular assembly and transforms into nanotubes on standing at 25 degrees C. However, post-ring-opening metathesis polymerization of the norbornene pendants of 1 enhances the thermal stability of the coiled assembly as well as the tubular one and disables a thermodynamic coil-to-tube transition. The polymerized nanocoils show an electroconductivity of 1 x 10(-)(4) S cm(-)(1) upon doping with I(2), while the nonpolymerized nanocoils are disrupted upon being doped.
Relations between in vitro cytotoxicity and crosslinked dermal sheep collagens (1992)

Collagen-based biomaterials have found various applications in the biomedical field. However, collagen-based biomaterials may induce cytotoxic effects. This study evaluated possible cytotoxic effects of (crosslinked) dermal sheep collagen (DSC) using a 7-d-methylcellulose cell culture with human skin fibroblasts. Non-crosslinked DSC (NDSC), hexamethylene-diisocyanate-crosslinked DSC (HDSC), and glutaraldehyde-crosslinked DSC (GDSC), their extracts (1 x 10 d to 4 x 10 d extracts), or the corresponding extracted DSC samples were tested. Cell growth was evaluated by cell counting, while cell morphology was assessed by light microscopy and transmission-electron microscopy. Both GDSC and, to a lesser extent, HDSC, induced cytotoxicity, observed as inhibited cell growth and deviant cell morphology. The deviant morphology consisted of extensive accumulations of lipid, reduction in the amount and dilatation of rough endoplasmatic reticulum, increased inclusions of cell remnants, and relatively rounded cell membranes. With HDSC, both primary cytotoxicity, due to extractable products from the material, and secondary cytotoxicity, possibly due to a release of cytotoxic products resulting from enzymatic cell-biomaterial interactions, could be discriminated. With GDSC, however, no clear distinction between primary and secondary cytotoxicity could be made. With NDSC, only primary cytotoxicity, measured as low inhibition of cell proliferation, but without deviant morphology, was observed. These remarkable differences in cytotoxicity are discussed in relation to residual agents and specific crosslinks present in DSCs as a consequence of processing and the crosslinking agents used. The residual agents and the specific crosslinks give rise to differences in direct release of products and in sensitivity to hydrolysis and enzymatic breakdown.
Incorporating IntelⓇ MMXTM Technology into a JavaTM JIT Compiler (1999)

Intel Ⓡ MMX TM technology can be exploited by a Java TM JIT compiler to speedup the execution of integer operations. While translating bytecode into Intel machine code, the compiler identifies innermost loops that allow the same integer operations to be applied to multiple data elements in parallel and generates code that uses Intel Ⓡ MMX TM technology to execute these loops in SIMD fashion. In the context of JIT compilation, compile‐time directly contributes to the run‐time of the application. Therefore, limiting program analysis‐time and synthesis‐time is even more important than in a static compilation model. The compiler must also ensure that arithmetic precision and the exception handling semantics specified by the JVM are preserved.
Analysis of Steiner subtrees of Random Trees for Traceroute Algorithms (2007)

We consider in this paper the problem of discovering, via a traceroute algorithm, the topology of a network, whose graph is spanned by an infinite branching process. A subset of nodes is selected according to some criterion. As a measure of efficiency of the algorithm, the Steiner distance of the selected nodes, i.e. the size of the spanning sub-tree of these nodes, is investigated. For the selection of nodes, two criteria are considered: A node is randomly selected with a probability, which is either independent of the depth of the node (uniform model) or else in the depth biased model, is exponentially decaying with respect to its depth. The limiting behavior the size of the discovered subtree is investigated for both models.
Spreadsheet table transformations from examples (2011)

Every day, millions of computer end-users need to perform tasks over large, tabular data, yet lack the programming knowledge to do such tasks automatically. In this work, we present an automatic technique that takes from a user an example of how the user needs to transform a table of data, and provides to the user a program that implements the transformation described by the example. In particular, we present a language of programs TableProg that can describe transformations that real users require.We then present an algorithm ProgFromEx that takes an example input and output table, and infers a program in TableProg that implements the transformation described by the example. When the program is applied to the example input, it reproduces the example output. When the program is applied to another, potentially larger, table with a 'similar' layout as the example input table, then the program produces a corresponding table with a layout that is similar to the example output table. A user can apply ProgFromEx interactively, providing multiple small examples to obtain a program that implements the transformation that the user desires. Moreover, ProgFromEx can help identify 'noisy' examples that contain errors.
Transfer learning with convolutional neural networks for lesion classification on clinical breast tomosynthesis (2018)

With growing adoption of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) in breast cancer screening protocols, it is important to compare the performance of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) in the diagnosis of breast lesions on DBT images compared to conventional full-field digital mammography (FFDM). In this study, we retrospectively collected FFDM and DBT images of 78 lesions from 76 patients, each containing lesions that were biopsy-proven as either malignant or benign. A square region of interest (ROI) was placed to fully cover the lesion on each FFDM, DBT synthesized 2D images, and DBT key slice images in the cranial-caudal (CC) and mediolateral-oblique (MLO) views. Features were extracted on each ROI using a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN). These features were then input to a support vector machine (SVM) classifier, and area under the ROC curve (AUC) was used as the figure of merit. We found that in both the CC view and MLO view, the synthesized 2D image performed best (AUC = 0.814, AUC = 0.881 respectively) in the task of lesion characterization. Small database size was a key limitation in this study, and could lead to overfitting in the application of the SVM classifier. In future work, we plan to expand this dataset and to explore more robust deep learning methodology such as fine-tuning.
AnIntegrated Mobile Wireless System forCapturing Physiological DataStreams during aCognitive-motor Task: Applications forAging (2007)

Cognitive, motorand perceptual processes themusculoskeletal system andmusclephysiology also diminish withageandthuslimit adaptive capabilities ofoldercontribute tomotorslowing (4)-(6). Giventhedynamic individuals. Ourhypothesis isthat withaging there isdecreasednature ofthisstudy, itisnotpossible toseparate outthe expression oftheseproactive adaptive capabilities. These perceptual, cognitive ormotorcomponents ofthetaskat experiments were designed to testthishypothesis by hand. Rather, theprimary objective ofthis initial study isto implementing an integrated approachto quantifying . . . physiological characteristics inolderindividuals. We are quantify thetmingofmovementdynamics andmuscle working towardsbuilding an integrated wireless motion activation patterns whileperforming acognitive-motor task. capture andphysiological datamonitoring system toquantifyThetaskwechose wasajumpinwhichavisual cuesignaled anddataminevarious physiologic andmotoric streams ina thesubject tomakethejump.Simultaneous motion capture controlled experimental environment. In thispaper,and EMG datastreamswereobtained duringthe synchronized motion capture andEMG datawasobtained in . . . young~~~~~~~~ an olsbetpefrigacgtv-mortak performance ofthis task. Ourhypothesis iSthatwith age,the youngandoldsubjects performing acognitive-motor task. We tm rmmsl otatint oeetiiito showthat some, butnotall baseline measures weresignificantly timefrommusclecontraction to movementinitiation different inolder compared toyoungsubjects. Quantification of decreases during theperformance ofacognitive-motor task. thesebaseline measureswillallowus to develop new experimental paradigms thatcompensate forage-related decline inmotorcontrol, sensation, andcognition through brain-
Construction of a restriction fragment length polymorphism map for barley (Hordeum vulgare) (1991)

A restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) map for barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has been developed on the basis of a population of anther culture derived, doubled haploids from the F 1 of cultivars 'Proctor' × 'Nudinka'. Wheat genomic, oat cDNA, and barley cDNA clones provided the major source of the probes. Additional clones included genomic clones from Aegilops squarrosa L. and barley, two dehydrin genes, a barley promoter, and a wheat ribosomal gene. In total, 155 RFLPs and two known genes (hulless and Mla12 powdery mildew resistance) have been placed on the linkage map. Clones were assigned to chromosomes using disomic wheat–barley chromosome addition lines. Chromosome arm orientation was done using 'Chinese Spring' wheat nullisomic–tetrasomic and ditelosomic aneuploid stocks. Markers have been located on all chromosome arms except 6S, and the total map length is 1096 centimorgans (cM). Considerations involved in RFLP mapping, including choice and number of restriction endonucleases, disturbed segregation ratios, and uneven distribution of markers in the genome are discussed as well as future improvements and applications of this map.Key words: restriction fragment length polymorphism, mapping, Hordeum vulgare L., Mla12.
Omega-3 Therapy Is Associated With Reduced Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients With Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device (2018)

Background Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) is a common complication seen in patients supported with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) and is related to increased inflammation and angiogenesis. Omega-3 is an unsaturated fatty acid that possesses anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic properties. This study aims to assess the prophylactic efficacy of treatment with omega-3 on the incidence of GIB in LVAD patients. Methods and Results Among consecutive 166 LVAD patients enrolled in this analysis, 30 patients (49 years old and 26 male) received 4 mg/d of omega-3 therapy for 310±87 days and 136 patients in the control group (58 years old and 98 male) were observed for 302±102 days. One-year GIB-free rate was significantly higher in the omega-3 group as compared with the control group (97% versus 73%; P=0.02). Omega-3 therapy was associated with the occurrence of GIB in both the univariate (hazard ratio, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.02-0.91; P=0.040) and multivariate Cox proportional hazard ratio analyses (hazard ratio, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02-0.98; P=0.047). The frequency of GIB was significantly lower in the omega-3 group (0.08±0.42 versus 0.37±0.93 events/y; P=0.01), accompanied by significantly lower blood product transfusion and shorter days in the hospital. The frequency of GIB remained lower among the omega-3 group after matching for patient background characteristics (96% versus 73%, P=0.028). Conclusions LVAD patients treated with omega-3 had a significant increase in freedom from GIB. A randomized controlled study is warranted to evaluate the use of omega-3 in LVAD patients.