gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of the skin protection assay in experimental syphilis to assess protective immunity against a specificTreponema pallidumsurface epitope (2005)

We have recently shown that a monoclonal antibody, designated M131, that binds a surface phosphorylcholine epitope on Treponema pallidum possesses complement-dependent killing activity and confers partial protection in rabbits following passive immunization (Blanco et al., 2005, Infect. Immun. 73:3083-3095). In this study, the protective potential of M131 was further tested using the rabbit skin protection assay of Titus and Weiser. Both M131 and infection-derived immune rabbit serum resulted in significant lesion delays corresponding to at least a 90% reduction of the treponemal challenge inoculum. The skin protection assay provides a way to assess the protective potential of specific immunogens while using far less antibody than in passive immunization protocols.
Calculated electronic properties and reflectivity of tantalum (1977)

A nonrelativistic band structure of the bcc transition metal tantalum has been calculated by an iterative empirical-pseudopotential method. Main peak locations in the density of occupied states agree to better than 0.3 eV with the results of two earlier augmented-plane-wave calculations, while the main peak in the density of unoccupied states is more than 1 eV lower than the main peak in either of the previous results. In the context of direct transitions, the constant-matrix-element approximation is shown to be generally valid for Ta. In addition, reflectivity spectra based on the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}$-dependent, direct transition model, and the nondirect transition model have been calculated, and each spectrum is in comparably good agreement with the data of Weaver, Lynch, and Olson. Modulated reflectivity spectra have also been calculated according to both models, and the results suggest that measurements of this quantity might help to determine which of the two types of transitions---direct or nondirect---predominates in Ta. Finally, the calculated Fermi surface agrees well with the data of Halloran et al.
Distinguishing Local and non-Local Demagnetization in Ferromagnetic FePt\n Nanoparticles (2019)

Time-resolved coherent X-ray diffraction is used to measure the spatially\nresolved magnetization structure within FePt nanoparticles during laser-induced\nultrafast demagnetization. The momentum-dependent X-ray magnetic diffraction\nshows that demagnetization proceeds at different rates at different X-ray\nmomentum transfer. We show that the observed momentum-dependent scattering has\nthe signature of inhomogeneous demagnetization within the nanoparticles, with\nthe demagnetization proceeding more rapidly at the boundary of the\nnanoparticle. A shell region of reduced magnetization forms and moves inwards\nat a supermagnonic velocity. Spin-transport calculations show that the shell\nformation is driven by superdiffusive spin flux mainly leaving the nanoparticle\ninto the surrounding carbon. Quantifying this non-local contribution to the\ndemagnetization allows us to separate it from the local demagnetization.\n
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Evaluation of Hierarchical Faujasite Zeolites: Milestones, Challenges, and Future Directions (2016)

Abstract Review: 111 refs.
Determination of the top-quark pole mass and strong coupling constant from the tt¯ production cross section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV (2013)

The inclusive cross section for top-quark pair production measured by the CMS experiment in protonproton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV is compared to the QCD prediction at next-to-nextto-leading order with various parton distribution functions to determine the top-quark pole mass, m pole t , or the strong coupling constant, S . With the parton distribution function set NNPDF2.3, a pole mass of 176.7 +3.8 -3.4 GeV is obtained when constraining S at the scale of the Z boson mass, m Z , to the current world average. Alternatively, by constraining m pole t to the latest average from direct mass measurements, a value of S (m Z ) = 0.1151 +0.0033 -0.0032 is extracted. This is the first determination of S using events from top-quark production.
Analysis of individual magnetic particle motion near a chip surface (2009)

We describe an analysis of the dynamics of individual superparamagnetic micro- and nanoparticles in order to quantify their magnetic properties and mobility near a chip surface. The particles are attracted to the chip surface by integrated microscopic current wires. We show that it is possible to accurately analyze particles with a diameter of about 1 μm by the magnetophoretic movement between current wires because of the very high field gradients. This reveals distinct differences in volume susceptibilities of particles with the same outer diameter. Smaller particles are characterized using the technique of confined Brownian motion analysis. By capturing 300 nm particles on a current wire with surface barriers or a focused shape, the magnetization of the particles can be measured with an accuracy better than 10%.
Surface microfabrication of silica glass by LIBWE using DPSS-UV laser (2006)

Surface micro-structuring of silica glass plates was performed by using laser-induced backside wet etching (LIBWE) upon irradiation with a single-mode laser beam from a diode-pumped solid-state UV laser at 266 nm. We have succeeded in a well-defined micro-pattern formation without debris and microcrack formations around the etched area on the basis of galvanometer-based point scanning system with the laser beam. The behavior of liquid ablation (explosive vaporization) was monitored by impulse pressure detection with a fast-response piezoelectric pressure gauge. LIBWE method is suitable for rapid prototyping and rapid manufacturing of surface microstructuing of silica glass as mask-less exposure system in a conventional atmospheric environment.
Double-Track Waveguides inside Calcium Fluoride Crystals (2020)

Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) was selected owing to its cubic symmetry and excellent luminescence properties as a crystal of interest, and ultrafast laser inscription of in-bulk double-track waveguides was realized. The guiding properties of these waveguides in relation to the writing energy of the femtosecond pulse are presented. The modified double-track waveguides have been studied by systematic developments of beam propagation experiments and numerical simulations. Furthermore, an adapted model and concepts were engaged for the quantitative and qualitative characterization of the waveguides, particularly for the transmission loss measurements and the three-dimensional refractive index mappings of the modified zones. Additionally, polarization-dependent guiding was investigated.
Repetitive Readout of a Single Electronic Spin via Quantum Logic with Nuclear Spin Ancillae (2009)

Robust measurement of single quantum bits plays a key role in the realization of quantum computation and communication as well as in quantum metrology and sensing. We have implemented a method for the improved readout of single electronic spin qubits in solid-state systems. The method makes use of quantum logic operations on a system consisting of a single electronic spin and several proximal nuclear spin ancillae in order to repetitively readout the state of the electronic spin. Using coherent manipulation of a single nitrogen vacancy center in room-temperature diamond, full quantum control of an electronic-nuclear system consisting of up to three spins was achieved. We took advantage of a single nuclear-spin memory in order to obtain a 10-fold enhancement in the signal amplitude of the electronic spin readout. We also present a two-level, concatenated procedure to improve the readout by use of a pair of nuclear spin ancillae, an important step toward the realization of robust quantum information processors using electronic- and nuclear-spin qubits. Our technique can be used to improve the sensitivity and speed of spin-based nanoscale diamond magnetometers.
ChemInform Abstract: FIRST ISOLABLE TRANSITION METAL METHYLENE COMPLEX AND ANALOGS. CHARACTERIZATION, MODE OF DECOMPOSITION, AND SOME SIMPLE REACTIONS (1976)

Abstract Ausgehend von dem Tantalderivat (I) und Cyclopentadienyl‐Tl wurden über das nicht isolierte Zwischenprodukt Chloro‐vr‐cyclopentadienyltrimethyltantal und dessen Reaktion mit weiteren Mengen des Tl‐Derivats bzw. Methylcyclopentadienyl‐Li die Verbindungen (II) erhalten, die durch elektrophile Einwirkung von Triphenylcarboniumionen in die Verbindungen (III) übergehen, aus denen durch intermolekulare Abstraktion eines a‐ Wasserstoffatoms die Methylenkomplexe (IV) entstehen.
Reactions of 2,3-diphenylthiirene 1,1-dioxide with nucleophiles (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 2,3-diphenylthiirene 1,1-dioxide with nucleophilesBruce B. Jarvis and G. Patrick StahlyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 13, 2604–2609Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01301a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01301a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anthropometric data of the Hong Kong Chinese population: a literature review and its application to a seated barbecue site design (1996)

There is very little published anthropometric data of Hong Kong Chinese population. Between 1961 and 1967, three anthropometric surveys of school children and university students have been reported. However, dimensions measured in these surveys were few. In 1981, a comprehensive anthropometric survey of the Hong Kong Chinese population was carried out and its data was published by Pheasant in 1986. Since then, there has not been any published literature detailing the up-to-date anthropometric data of the Hong Kong population. A comparison of the stature data reported during the period from 1965 to 1986 reviews an increasing trend for the height of the Hong Kong Chinese population. With the continuous influx of new immigrants from China and the reviewed secular trend, an up-to-date anthropometric survey is needed. The usefulness of Pheasant’s anthropometric data was evaluated in the design of a seated barbecue site. Twelve subjects were asked to sit in a barbecue site mock up designed using the anthropometric data for the Hong Kong population reported by Pheasant (1986). Subjective comfort ratings in different regional body-parts indicated that the subjects suffered discomfort in their back and hip regions. The twelve
Pseudo‐transient continuation for nonlinear transient elasticity (2008)

Abstract This paper demonstrates how pseudo‐transient continuation improves the efficiency and robustness of a Newton iteration within a non‐linear transient elasticity simulation. Pseudo‐transient continuation improves efficiency by enabling larger time steps than possible with a Newton iteration. Robustness improves because pseudo‐transient continuation recovers the convergence of Newton's method when the initial iterate is not within the region of local convergence. We illustrate the benefits of pseudo‐transient continuation on a non‐linear transient simulation of a buckling cylinder, including a comparison with a line search‐based Newton iteration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
PowerSGD: Practical Low-Rank Gradient Compression for Distributed Optimization (2019)

We study lossy gradient compression methods to alleviate the communication bottleneck in data-parallel distributed optimization. Despite the significant attention received, current compression schemes either do not scale well, or fail to achieve the target test accuracy. We propose a new low-rank gradient compressor based on power iteration that can i) compress gradients rapidly, ii) efficiently aggregate the compressed gradients using all-reduce, and iii) achieve test performance on par with SGD. The proposed algorithm is the only method evaluated that achieves consistent wall-clock speedups when benchmarked against regular SGD using highly optimized off-the-shelf tools for distributed communication. We demonstrate reduced training times for convolutional networks as well as LSTMs on common datasets. Our code is available at https://github.com/epfml/powersgd.
Nucleic acid delivery of immune-focused SARS-CoV-2 nanoparticles drive rapid and potent immunogenicity capable of single-dose protection (2021)

Abstract Antibodies from SARS-CoV-2 vaccines may target epitopes which reduce durability or increase the potential for escape from vaccine-induced immunity. Using a novel synthetic vaccinology pipeline, we developed rationally immune focused SARS-CoV-2 Spike-based vaccines. N-linked glycans can be employed to alter antibody responses to infection and vaccines. Utilizing computational modeling and comprehensive in vitro screening, we incorporated glycans into the Spike Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) and assessed antigenic profiles. We developed glycan coated RBD immunogens and engineered seven multivalent configurations. Advanced DNA delivery of engineered nanoparticle vaccines rapidly elicited potent neutralizing antibodies in guinea pigs, hamsters and multiple mouse models, including human ACE2 and human B cell repertoire transgenics. RBD nanoparticles encoding wild-type and the P.1 SARS-CoV-2 variant induced high levels of cross-neutralizing antibodies. Single, low dose immunization protected against a lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Single-dose coronavirus vaccines via DNA-launched nanoparticles provide a platform for rapid clinical translation of novel, potent coronavirus vaccines.
Involvement of inhibitory control mechanisms in overcoming intuitive interference (2014)

Many students encounter difficulties in science and mathematics that may stem from intuitive interference of salient irrelevant variables. We focused on the comparison of perimeters task, in which area is the irrelevant salient variable. In congruent trials (no interference), accuracy is higher and reaction time is shorter than in incongruent trials (area variable interference). A brain-imaging study related to this task indicated that correctly answering the incongruent condition is associated with activation in prefrontal brain regions known for their executive inhibitory control. In the current study we explored the relationship between inhibitory control mechanisms and the ability to overcome intuitive interference. Participants in the study were 90 ninth graders. The efficiency of their inhibitory control mechanisms was assessed and accuracy and reaction time of correct responses in the comparison of perimeters task were recorded. The findings indicate that students with efficient inhibitory control mechanisms scored significantly better in the incongruent conditions than did those with inefficient ones. In addition, the findings indicate that the higher the efficiency of inhibitory control mechanisms, the better students were in overcoming the intuitive interference. These findings indicate the importance of inhibitory control mechanisms in overcoming interference in science and mathematics. They point to the possibility of improving students' ability to overcome intuitive interference by strengthening their inhibitory control mechanisms. We also demonstrate that applying cognitive psychology and neuroscience methodologies in science and mathematics education research contributes to both fields.
Binding of fibrinogen to human monocytes. (1986)

The interaction of fibrinogen with monocytes was studied. After stimulation with ADP (10 microM) or thrombin (1 U/ml), platelet-free suspensions of human monocytes bind 125I-fibrinogen with two different affinities in a specific and Ca2+-dependent reaction with saturation at 5.80-7.35 X 10(-7) M of added protein. The binding of fibrinogen to specific receptors on monocytes induces the procoagulant activity of these cells. Thrombasthenic cells or normal monocytes preincubated with a monoclonal antibody to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex (10E5) do not bind fibrinogen and have no procoagulant activity. Metabolic studies with [35S]methionine revealed that cultured monocytes actually synthesize a surface antigen precipitated by 10E5 antibody as a major band with 92,000 relative molecular weight. Our data indicate that monocytes express receptors for fibrinogen only in part related to the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa complex. Furthermore, the binding of fibrinogen to monocytes enhances the cooperation of these cells in hemostasis.
Performance Analysis of Space-Time Coded MIMO-OFDM Systems Under I/Q Imbalance (2007)

The combination of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques has been widely considered as the most promising approach for building future wireless transmission systems. In such systems, the limited implementation resources for the radio parts cause big restrictions on the size, cost, and quality of the individual radio transceivers. This implies that there are several imperfections at the analog radio front-end stages, which in turn can severely limit the overall system performance. One good example is the so called I/Q imbalance problem related to the amplitude and phase matching of the transceivers I and Q chains. This paper studies the performance of space-time coded (STC)-OFDM systems under I/Q imbalance. As a practical example, a 2 × 1 STC-OFDM system is examined in detail and a closed-form solution for the resulting signal-to-interference ratio (SIR) due to I/Q imbalance at the output of the receiver combining stage is derived. The analytical outcomes are verified using extensive computer simulations, and can easily be extended to multi-antenna receiver cases as well. In general, the obtained results indicate that I/Q imbalance can easily become a limiting factor in practical STC-OFDM systems and should be carefully mitigated using proper digital and/or analog signal processing.
Transmission Enhancement through Single Slit Embedded in Plasmonic Multilayer Structure (2008)

The transmission properties of a plasmonic multilayer structure with a defect, which can be a nanoslit, were investigated. The transmission spectrum through the slit embedded in the plasmonic multilayer structure presents a Fano-like shape at a transmission peak of 580 nm. The enhanced transmission is due to the localized surface plasmon resonant within the cavity of the plasmonic multilayer. The increased transmission factor has a maximum of 5.5 and it also performs loose angle tolerances of 10 and 20° for 1 and 3 dB losses, respectively.
Changes In Fitness And Body Composition Accompanying Novel Exercise Regimens After Weight Loss And Maintenance (2005)

Comprehensive weight loss and exercise programs are designed to improve health through favorable changes in body composition and fitness. While novel exercise interventions result in short-term improvements, the persistence of changes over the long-term is unclear. PURPOSE To examine changes in fitness and body composition after a 4-month weight loss intervention and 1 yr period of weight maintenance METHODS Participants were 123 women and 21 men with a mean (±SD) age of 47 ± 8 yrs and BMI of 29.9 ± 3.1 kg/m2 who were randomly assigned to a 4-month program of diet combined with:1) aerobic exercise (AER; 4 days/wk of 40 min.); 2) short-bouts of aerobic exercise (SB: 4 days/wk of 4 10-min.bouts); or 3) lifestyle activity (LA: accumulation of 30 min.moderate intensity walking each day). During weight loss, women were prescribed a low-fat diet of 12–1500 kcal/d and men were prescribed 15–1800 kcal/d. During weight maintenance, participants were prescribed an isocaloric diet and were asked to maintain prescribed activity levels. Fitness was assessed using VO2 max testing and body composition was assessed using DXA. RESULTS Weight loss averaged 7.0 ± 4.5 kg at week 16, of which 2.8 ± 3.9 kg was regained over the following year. ANOVA revealed that no differences among groups were observed in weight loss, %fat, fat mass or fat-free mass at any time-point. At month 4, greater improvements (p ≤ .05) in fitness were observed in the AER group (4.4 ±3.7 mL·kg-1·min-1) compared with SB (2.7±2.8 mL·kg-1·min-1) or LA (2.5 ± 3.2 mL·kg-1·min-1). Tukey post-hoc analyses found that the decline in fitness during weight maintenance also was significantly greater (p =.02) in the AER group (−3.0±2.8 mL·kg-1·min-1) compared with the LA group (−0.3±6.0 mL·kg-1·min-1), while the SB group's fitness declined by 2.4±2.9 mL·kg-1·min-1. CONCLUSIONS All three modes of exercise were associated with significant weight loss and favorable improvements in body composition. Participants in the traditional aerobic exercise group showed significant improvements in fitness initially, but also had the greatest declines during 1 yr follow-up. These data suggest that diet combined with traditional or novel exercise programs is an effective strategy for losing weight and improving body composition. Continuous bouts of aerobic exercise results in the greatest short-term fitness improvements; however, long-term adherence to this mode of exercise remains a challenge among overweight adults. Supported by NIH Grant RO1 DK 53907-01A1 to REA and Grant (M01RR-02719) from the GCRC program at Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center.
Metamaterial absorber-backed reflectarray antenna to improve a front-back ratio (2013)

A reflectarray antenna with a metamaterial (MM) absorber is presented to improve a front-back ratio by reducing a backlobe level. The presented reflectarray antenna is composed of a feed horn, a square patch reflectarray and a MM absorber which is based on a spilt-ring-cross resonator configuration. The improvement of the front-back ratio of the reflectarray antenna is achieved by combining the reflectarray with the MM absorber which is placed at the back of the reflectarray. To verify the improved front-back ratio, an onset reflectarray, an offset reflectarray and a MM absorber are fabricated and measured at 12 GHz and the radiation patterns of the onset and offset reflectarray antenna are presented according to the existence of the MM absorber.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Formylation of Oximes. An Approach to the Synthesis of Vinyl Isonitriles. (1988)

Abstract The oximes (I) are treated with the mixed anhydride (II) of formic and acetic acid in the presence of titanium(III) acetate to produce the N‐(formyl)enamines (III).