gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perturbation of the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by fibrinolytic enzymes (1998)

The action of fibrinolytic enzymes (plasmin, miniplasmin, neutrophil leukocyte elastase) on the blood-brain barrier is investigated. The binding and the effects of the fibrinolytic enzymes are studied in the first subcultivation of human brain capillary endothelial cells. 125I-labeled plasmin, miniplasmin and neutrophil leukocyte elastase bind to confluent monolayers of cultured endothelial cells with dissociation constants of 1 x 10(-8) mol/l, 4.8 x 10(-7) mol/l and 1.8 x 10(-8) mol/l, respectively, and the number of binding sites varies between 2.3 x 10(5) and 7.5 x 10(6) per cell. Following treatment of the cultured cells with purified and active-site titrated proteases, the changes in morphology of individual cells are analyzed with computerized morphometry. At low concentrations (in nanomolar range) all studied fibrinolytic proteases induce reduction of the cell area; the minimal size is achieved in 20-80 min after the application of an enzyme and the effect is completely reversed in 15 min after its removal. A possible in-vivo consequence of these in-vitro findings is studied in an organ-perfusion model: rat hemisphere is perfused with a protease solution followed by a circulating phase-borne tracer (horse-radish peroxidase). In perfused rat hemisphere, the fibrinolytic enzymes open the blood-brain barrier to the circulation-borne tracer. These results support the concept that fibrinolytic enzymes interact with the brain microvascular endothelium and thus affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier through active cell contraction.
Inclusion of Vpr accessory gene in a plasmid vaccine cocktail markedly reduces Nef vaccine effectiveness in vivo resulting in CD4 cell loss and increased viral loads in rhesus macaques (2002)

We compared the immunogenicity of plasmid vaccines containing multiple human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antigens and found that covaccination with plasmids expressing HIV-1 14 kDa vpr gene product profoundly reduces antigen-specific CD8-mediated cytotoxic T-cell activity (CTL). Interestingly, Th1 type responses against codelivered antigens (pGag-Pol, pNef, etc.) encoded by the plasmid vaccines were suppressed. This suggested that vpr might compromise CD8 T-cell immunity in vivo during infection. A pilot primate vaccine study was designed to test the hypothesis to compare the following groups: unvaccinated controls, animals vaccinated without simean immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-Nef antigen plasmid, and animals covaccinated with the identical plasmid antigen and a plasmid construct encoding SIV Vpr/Vpx. Animals were subsequently challenged intrarectally with pathogenic SIVmac251 after the final vaccination of a multiple immunization protocol. Control animals were all infected and exhibited high viral loads and rapid CD4+ T-cell loss. In contrast, the Nef plasmid-vaccinated animals were also infected but exhibited preservation of CD4+ T-cells and a multilog reduction in viral load compared with controls. Animals covaccinated multiple times with the Nef vaccine and pVpr/Vpx plasmid suffered rapid and profound loss of CD4+ T-cells. These results have important implications for the design of multicomponent and particle vaccines for HIV-1 as well as for our understanding of HIV/SIV pathogenesis in vivo.
Design and Fabrication of Topologically Complex, Three-Dimensional Microstructures (1998)

Two concepts for use in the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures with complex topologies are described. Both routes begin with a two-dimensional (2D) pattern and transform it into a 3D microstructure. The concepts are illustrated by use of soft lithographic techniques to transfer 2D patterns to cylindrical (pseudo-3D) substrates. Subsequent steps-application of uniaxial strain, connection of patterns on intersecting surfaces-transform these patterns into free-standing, 3D, noncylindrically symmetrical microstructures. Microelectrodeposition provides an additive method that strengthens thin metal designs produced by patterning, welds nonconnected structures, and enables the high-strain deformations required in one method to be carried out successfully.
6-Azido-3-O-benzyl-6-deoxy-N,N-diethyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-D-glycero-α-D-gluco-heptofuranuronamide (2010)

Reaction of 3-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropyl-idene-α-xylo-pentodialdo-1,4-furan-ose with N,N-diethyl-2-(dimethyl-sulfuranil-idene)acetamide gave stereoselectively an ep-oxy-amide, which was regioselectively opened by NaN(3) in dimethyl formamide to give the title compound, C(21)H(30)N(4)O(6). X-ray crystallography confirmed the relative stereochemistry of the title compound and the absolute configuration was determined by the use of d-glucose as the starting material. There are two mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 2). The crystal structure consists of two types of chains of O-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded mol-ecules running parallel to the b axis, with each mol-ecule acting as a donor and acceptor of one hydrogen bond.
Application of the DORT method to the detection and characterization of two targets in a shallow water wave-guide (2005)

The decomposition of the time-reversal operator (DORT in French) is an active array detection technique. It requires the measurement of the array response matrix K(/spl omega/) and consists in the analysis of the eigenvalues and the eigenvectors of the time-reversal operator K*K which provides information on the presence and localization of scatterers in the medium. It was shown that the DORT method allows to separate and localize pointlike scatterers in a shallow water wave-guide [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Mordant et al. (1998) and Fotegot et al. (2003)]. Here, we extend the study to the detection and frequency characterization of two spherical targets. Small scale ultrasonic experiments are performed with a 3.9 MHz 24 elements transducer array and two spheres of 2 and 3 mm diameter in a 31 mm deep wave-guide. These scatterers correspond to 15 < ka < 25 leading to a non-isotropic scattered field. We have developed a theoretical model taking into account the wave-guide and the acoustic properties of the spheres and using the partial waves decomposition of the scattered field. We calculate the singular values of the array response matrix. This theoretical approach is in good agreement with the experimental results. This 1/325/sup th/ scale ultrasonic experiment corresponds to a shallow water experiment with a 12 kHz Vertical Linear Array (VLA).
ChemInform Abstract: Oligothiophene‐S,S‐dioxides: A New Class of Thiophene‐Based Materials. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Trajectory tracking for autonomous vehicles on varying road surfaces by friction-adaptive nonlinear model predictive control (2019)

We propose an adaptive nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for vehicle tracking control. The controller learns in real time a tyre force model to adapt to a varying road surface that is only indirectly observed from the effects of the tyre forces determining the vehicle dynamics. Learning the entire tyre model from data would require driving in the unstable region of the vehicle dynamics with a prediction model that has not yet converged. Instead, our approach combines NMPC with a noise-adaptive particle filter for vehicle state and tyre stiffness estimation and a pre-determined library of tyre models. The stiffness estimator determines the linear component of the tyre model during normal vehicle driving, and the control strategy exploits a relation between the tyre stiffness and the nonlinear part of the tyre force to select the appropriate full tyre model from the library, which is then used in the NMPC prediction model. We validate the approach in simulation using real vehicle parameters, demonstrate the real-time feasibility in automotive-grade processors using a rapid prototyping unit, and report preliminary results of experimental validation on a snow-covered test track.
A generic simulator for aperture synthesis radiometers: Radiative transfer module and end-to-end tests (2014)

The Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radiometer (SAIR) Performance Simulator (SAIRPS) is a very versatile software tool developed by Deimos Engenharia (Portugal) and the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-Barcelona Tech (Spain) for the European Space Agency to simulate and compute the figures of merit of the performance of arbitrary SAIRs, using the OpenSF framework. The description and developments of this simulator were previously reported in the open literature and previous IGARSS. This paper summarizes the developments in this third year of the project, including the end-to-end validation tests, and the radiative transfer module that has been added to improve the versatility of the tool.
Antibody-Catalyzed Prodrug Activation (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntibody-Catalyzed Prodrug ActivationDavid A. Campbell, Bing Gong, Lynn M. Kochersperger, Shirlee Yonkovich, Mark A. Gallop, and Peter G. SchultzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 2165–2166Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00084a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views337Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Tissue engineering in abdominal wall surgery. (2011)

Abdominal wall defects and tissue loss that result from traumatic injury, surgical resection, failure of abdominal closures (i.e., incisional hernias) or ventral hernias are a common clinical problem. Currently, the repair of these tissue defects represents a reconstructive challenge to surgeons. The goal of abdominal wall reconstruction is to restore and maintain a functional abdominal wall. This article reviews the current and potential tissue engineering strategies for the repair of abdominal wall defects and suggests some innovative approaches for the translation to the clinical setting.
Nuclear magnetic resonance-based study of ordered layering on the surface of alumina nanoparticles in water (2009)

Layering of water molecules on the surface of alumina nanoparticles in an alumina/water nanofluid is studied using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The data suggest that a thin ordered layer (∼1.4 nm) of water molecules surrounds each nanoparticle. This ordered layer increases the nanoparticle effective volumetric fraction; however, the nanofluid thermal conductivity appears to be unaffected by this layer, and in good agreement with Maxwell’s effective medium theory. Furthermore, the NMR data suggest that the nanoparticles do not enhance, but rather stifle micromixing in the base fluid.
Uncooled Infrared Radiation Focal Plane Array with Low Noise Pixel Driving Circuit (2010)

We have analyzed the dominant noise sources in the driving circuit of an uncooled infrared radiation focal plane array fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate by 0.35µm CMOS technology and bulk- micromachining. We found no noise property of SOI-MOSFET inferior compared to those of NMOSs formed on SOI and bulk substrate, respectively. In addition, we reduced the total noise of the sensor chip by designing the current source NMOS sufficiently large, and optimized the operating current of pixel pn-junctions.
An HSV-1 containing the rat beta-glucuronidase cDNA inserted within the LAT gene is less efficient than the parental strain at establishing a transcriptionally active state during latency in neurons. (1995)

The herpes simplex virus vector 17/LAT-RGUSB has previously been shown to express beta-glucuronidase enzyme activity stably in the trigeminal ganglia and brain stems of beta-glucuronidase-deficient mutant mice. However, the number of beta-glucuronidase expressing cells in trigeminal ganglia latently infected with 17/LAT-RGUSB was smaller than expected. Using normal mice for further characterization of 17/LAT-RGUSB latent infection, no appreciable differences were found between the vector and wild-type virus in: (1) their abilities to replicate in acutely infected ganglia; (2) their abilities to reactivate from latently infected ganglia: or (3) the quantities of viral DNA in tissues during the acute or the latent phases of infection. Using a minor LAT (mLAT)-specific probe to detect transcription by in situ hybridization, it was found that the intensity of the signal from individual cells latently-infected with 17/LAT-RGUSB or wild-type virus was similar. However, the vector-infected ganglia had only 20% as many positive cells as in wild-type infection. These data suggest that 17/LAT-RGUSB virus established latency similarly to wild-type virus, but that the LAT-promoter driven gene expression was compromised.
Enhanced Tumor-Specific Long-Term Immunity of Hemaggluttinating Virus of Japan-Mediated Dendritic Cell-Tumor Fused Cell Vaccination by Coadministration with CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides (2004)

Immunization with dendritic cells (DCs) using various Ag-loading approaches has shown promising results in tumor-specific immunotherapy and immunoprevention. Fused cells (FCs) that are generated from DCs and tumor cells are one of effective cancer vaccines because both known and unknown tumor Ags are presented on the FCs and recognized by T cells. In this study, we attempted to augment antitumor immunity by the combination of DC-tumor FC vaccination with immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motif (CpG ODN). Murine DCs were fused with syngeneic tumor cells ex vivo using inactivated hemagglutinating virus of Japan (Sendai virus). Mice were intradermally (i.d.) immunized with FCs and/or CpG ODN. Coadministration of CpG ODN enhanced the phenotypical maturation of FCs and unfused DCs, and the production of Th1 cytokines, such as IFN-gamma and IL-12, leading to the induction of tumor-specific CTLs without falling into T cell anergy. In addition, immunization with FCs + CpG ODN provided significant protection against lethal s.c. tumor challenge and spontaneous lung metastasis compared with that with either FCs or CpG ODN alone. Furthermore, among mice that rejected tumor challenge, the mice immunized with FCs + CpG ODN, but not the mice immunized with FCs or CpG ODN alone, completely rejected tumor rechallenge, indicating that CpG ODN provided long-term maintenance of tumor-specific immunity induced by FCs. Thus, the combination of DC-tumor FCs and CpG ODN is an effective and feasible cancer vaccine to prevent the generation and recurrence of cancers.
Cell Culture‐Based Production (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Aspects of Industrial Cell Culture Specific Process Considerations for Fc-Fusion Molecules Case Studies Conclusions
Lost in transdifferentiation (2004)

What are the true origins of the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) present in the intimal lesions of transplant arteriosclerosis? A new study in the JCI shows that Sca-1(+) cells purified from the mouse aortic root can migrate through an irradiated vein graft to the neointima of the vessel and transdifferentiate to express the early SMC differentiation marker gene SM22. Do Sca-1(+) cells transdifferentiate into SMC-like cells, or is activation of SMC marker genes a consequence of fusion of these cells with preexisting SMCs, a possibility raised by results of studies of adult stem cells in animal models of liver regeneration ? Or could this be bona fide transdifferentiation that recapitulates the pathologic processes in humans?
Poly(ethylene glycol)s grafted onto crosslinked polystyrenes, 2. Multidetachably anchored polymer systems for the synthesis of solubilized peptides (1983)

Abstract Poly(ethylene glycol)s grated onto suitably functionalized, crosslinked polystyrenes were introduced as a new class of multidetachably immobilized hydrophilic macromolecular supports for the synthesis of peptides. This new polymeric carrier system facilitates both the homogeneous solvation of the reaction site and the insolubilization of the substrate, which are prerequisites for an efficient multistep synthesis using polymeric supports. In these support systems, a strongly solvated hydrophilic linear chain molecule, poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) Systematic IUPAC name: α‐Hydro‐ω‐hydroxypoly(oxyethylene). , is attached to an insoluble, crosslinked polystyrene through suitable anchoring linkages. At the free chain end of this supported PEG, amino acid residues were stepwise incorporated following the standard synthetic methodology for peptides. A special feature of these new carriers is that the use of an orthogonal set of anchoring linkages to connect the polystyrene, PEG and the peptide provides access to the PEG‐bound solubilized peptide or to the free peptide, as desired. The applications of these new polymeric supports are illustrated by the synthesis of thioredoxin partial sequences in the free and PEG‐bound solubilized forms.
Supplementary Table 1 from Human Renal Cancer Cells Express a Novel Membrane-Bound Interleukin-15 that Induces, in Response to the Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α Chain, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Human Renal Cancer Cells Express a Novel Membrane-Bound Interleukin-15 that Induces, in Response to the Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α Chain, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Teil II. Gerechter Lohn (2015)

Das Buch beschäftigt sich mit verfassungs- und europarechtlichen Aspekten eines allgemeinen Mindestlohns. Der Ansatz ist interdisziplinär und bezieht auch andere sozialwissenschaftliche, insbesondere ökonomische Erwägungen ein. Neben den Freiheitsrechten des Europarechts und des Grundgesetzes wird der Mindestlohn auch in gleichheitsrechtlicher Perspektive betrachtet. Als „internalisierendes Sozialrecht“ dient er der Existenzsicherung der Arbeitnehmer. Aber belastet werden für dieses gesamtgesellschaftliche Ziel nur die Arbeitgeber. Weil die denkbaren Rechtfertigungen für diese Ungleichbehandlung im Ergebnis nicht überzeugen, ist der Mindestlohn verfassungswidrig. Der Gesetzgeber wäre auf Transferzahlungen zur Aufstockung nicht bedarfssichernder Arbeitsentgelte verwiesen. Den Abschluss bildet ein Blick auf alternative Modelle, insbesondere Kombilöhne nach Muster des US-amerikanischen Earned Income Tax Credit.
Efficacy of Low-Dose Mirtazapine in Neuroleptic-Induced Akathisia: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study (2003)

The nonselective serotonin (5-HT)-2A antagonists ritanserin, mianserin, and cyproheptadine were found efficacious in neuroleptic-induced akathisia (NIA). Mirtazapine is structurally and pharmacologically similar to mianserin, and the authors sought to determine its anti-NIA activity. Twenty-six neuroleptic-treated schizophrenic patients with DSM-IV diagnosis of NIA received add-on mirtazapine (15 mg/day) or placebo for 5 days in a double-blind design. Patients were assessed at baseline and days 3 and 5 with the Barnes Akathisia Scale (BAS), Positive and Negative Symptom Scale, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, and Simpson-Angus Scale for parkinsonism. Analysis of covariance with repeated measurements revealed significant group x time effects in favor of the mirtazapine group in both completers (n = 10 in each group) and intent-to-treat analysis (n = 13 in each group) for the BAS global subscale (F [1, 17] = 14.87, p = 0.001, and F [1, 23] = 13.24, p = 0.01, respectively) and objective subscale (F [1, 17] = 8.25, p = 0.011, and F [1, 23] = 7.35, p = 0.012, respectively) and borderline significant superiority for the BAS subjective subscale (F [1, 17] = 4.39, p = 0.051, and F [1, 23] = 4.12, p = 0.054, respectively) and distress subscale (F [1, 17] = 4.21, p = 0.056, and F [1, 23] = 3.80, p = 0.064, respectively). Significantly more mirtazapine-than placebo-treated patients (53.8% [7/13] vs. 7.7% [1/13], respectively; chi2 = 8.3, p = 0.004) met operational response criterion, a reduction of at least two points on the BAS global subscale. Mirtazapine treatment was associated with modest improvement of psychotic and parkinsonian symptoms. Mild sedation was the only side effect. Our study demonstrated that mirtazapine (15 mg/day) is an efficacious and well-tolerated therapeutic option in NIA. Marked 5HT2A/2C antagonistic activity of mirtazapine apparently accounts for its anti-NIA activity. The role of mirtazapine in the treatment of akathisia induced by atypical antipsychotic agents merits further investigation.
CD45 exclusion– and cross-linking–based receptor signaling together broaden FcεRI reactivity (2018)

For many years, the high-affinity receptor for immunoglobulin E (IgE) FcεRI, which is expressed by mast cells and basophils, has been widely held to be the exemplar of cross-linking (that is, aggregation dependent) signaling receptors. We found, however, that FcεRI signaling could occur in the presence or absence of receptor cross-linking. Using both cell and cell-free systems, we showed that FcεRI signaling was stimulated by surface-associated monovalent ligands through the passive, size-dependent exclusion of the receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase CD45 from plasma membrane regions of FcεRI-ligand engagement. Similarly to the T cell receptor, FcεRI signaling could also be initiated in a ligand-independent manner. These data suggest that a simple mechanism of CD45 exclusion-based receptor triggering could function together with cross-linking-based FcεRI signaling, broadening mast cell and basophil reactivity by enabling these cells to respond to both multivalent and surface-presented monovalent antigens. These findings also strengthen the case that a size-dependent, phosphatase exclusion-based receptor triggering mechanism might serve generally to facilitate signaling by noncatalytic immune receptors.