gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insertion of an Aspartic Acid Moiety into Cyclic Pseudopeptides:  Synthesis and Biological Characterization of Potent Antagonists for the Human Tachykinin NK-2 Receptor (2004)

A new series of monocyclic pseudopeptide tachykinin NK-2 receptor antagonists has been derived from the lead compound MEN11558. A synthesis for these molecules sharing the same intermediate was designed and performed. The replacement of the succinic moiety with an aspartic acid and the functionalization of its amino group with a wide variety of substituents led to very potent and selective NK-2 antagonists. Best results were obtained through the insertion in position 12 of an amino group with R configuration, linked by a short spacer to a saturated nitrogen heterocycle (morpholine, piperidine, or piperazine). The study led to compounds 54 and 57, endowed with high in vivo potency at very low doses and long duration of action in animal models of bronchoconstriction. In particular 54 and 57 completely inhibited NK-2 agonist induced bronchoconstriction in guinea pig after intratracheal administration at subnanomolar doses (ED(50) = 0.27 nmol/kg and 0.15 nmol/kg, respectively).
Investigating electromagnetic power transfer ratio of circular polarizing planar metasurface lens (2016)

We designed an antenna structure with the circular polarization metamaterial superstrate which increases the directivity of the primary antenna as a lens. The metamaterial superstrate removes the necessity of the array antenna and complicated feed. Plus, it provides the Fabry-perot cavity with the circular polarization. With regard to the primary antenna, a CRLH antenna is adopted to have the size-reduction from the conventional half-wavelength patch antenna.
Segmentation based reversible image compression (2002)

Reversible compression of images has been the topic of considerable research as it finds applications in many fields in which the deviation of the reproduced image from the original image is intolerable, however small be the deviation. This paper is concerned with the problem of reducing spatial redundancies in gray scale images, thus providing effective lossless compression, using segmentation information. We will present new edge models that deal effectively with two issues that make such models normally unsuitable for compression applications: local applicability and large number of parameters needed for representation. Segmentation information is provided by a recent transform (1993), which we found to possess qualities making it especially suitable for compression. The final residual image is obtained using autocorrelation-based 2-D linear prediction. Different implementations providing lossless compression are presented along with results over a number of common test images. Results show that the proposed approach can be used to yield robust lossless compression, while providing consistently and significantly better results than the best possible JPEG lossless coder.
Synthesis of Thermally Expandable Microspheres Using Ethoxylated Trimethylolpropane Triacrylates as Crosslinking Agents (2018)

분자량이 다른 세가지의 ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate를 가교제로 사용한 현탁 중합을 통하여 열팽창 캡슐을 제조하였다. 고분자 쉘은 아크릴로나이트릴과 메타크릴로나이트릴로 구성되었으며 발포제인 아이소옥탄을 캡슐화하였다. 쉘의 가교정도가 증가함에 따라 국부의 가교밀도 차이에 의하여 캡슐의 형태는 구형에서 울퉁불퉁하게 변화하였다. 팽창 특성은 가교제의 종류와 함량에 의해 영향을 받았다. 캡슐의 입경은 가교제의 양이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 최적의 가교도를 지닌 ethoxylated (6) trimethylolpropane triacrylate를 사용한 캡슐의 열팽창 특성이 가장 우수하였다.
Nickel Catalyst-Assisted Vertical Growth of Dense Carbon Nanotube Forests on Bulk Copper (2011)

Vertical growth of carbon nanotubes using thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is demonstrated on bulk copper substrates by first sputtering a thin Ni film on the surface of copper. Vertical growth of carbon nanotubes occurred when the nickel film thickness was 20 nm and the carbon nanotubes were grown using a xylene source and additional ferrocene catalyst during CVD. These results show the effectiveness of this method in directly integrating carbon nanotubes with highly conductive substrates for applications where a conductive carbon nanotube network is desirable.
Challenges and Prospects in Vision and Language Research (2019)

Language grounded image understanding tasks have often been proposed as a method for evaluating progress in artificial intelligence. Ideally, these tasks should test a plethora of capabilities that integrate computer vision, reasoning, and natural language understanding. However, the datasets and evaluation procedures used in these tasks are replete with flaws which allows the vision and language (V&L) algorithms to achieve a good performance without a robust understanding of vision and language. We argue for this position based on several recent studies in V&L literature and our own observations of dataset bias, robustness, and spurious correlations. Finally, we propose that several of these challenges can be mitigated by creation of carefully designed benchmarks.
Phenotype and gene ontology enrichment as guides for disease modeling in C. elegans (2017)

Abstract Genome-wide experiments have the capacity to generate massive amounts of unbiased data about an organism. In order to interpret this data, dimensionality reduction techniques are required. One approach is to annotate genes using controlled languages and to test experimental datasets for term enrichment using probabilistic methods. Although gene, phenotype and anatomy ontologies exist for C. elegans , no unified software offers enrichment analyses of all the ontologies using the same methodology. Here, we present the WormBase Enrichment Suite, which offers users the ability to test all nematode ontologies simultaneously. We show that the WormBase Enrichment Suite provides valuable insight into different biological problems. Briefly, we show that phenotype enrichment analysis (PEA) can help researchers identify disease phenologs, phenotypes that are homologous across species, which can inform disease modeling in C. elegans . The WormBase Enrichment Suite analysis can also shed light on RNA-seq datasets by showing what molecular functions are enriched, which phenotypes these functions are implicated in and what tissues are overrepresented in the dataset. Finally, we explore the phenotype-anatomy relationship, showing that a small subset of highly specific tissues are disproportionately likely to cause an Egl phenotype, but inferring tissue expression from an Egl phenotype is limited to the largest tissues.
Approximation-Assisted Optimization for Novel Compact Heat Exchanger Designs (2010)

This paper describes a systematic approach for the use of an approximation-assisted optimization technique in the design of a novel heat exchanger (HX) with a high degree of model fidelity and a low computational cost. Design optimization is performed using multiobjective optimization, and high model fidelity is achieved by using a multiscale HX simulation tool. An approximation technique was used to provide computational savings in order to ensure computational feasibility. This technique was applied to different HX design problems. It was observed that for a 1 kW (3412 Btu/h) heating coil with pressure drop constraints of 100 Pa (0.4 in. water) on the air side and 1000 Pa (0.15 psi) on the water side there is a potential for a more than 61% reduction in the HX volume and an 84% reduction in the HX material when the proposed geometry is compared with the current state-of-the-art technology. The proposed approximation approach produced significant computational savings. The approximation-assisted optimization platform shows great potential for examining new and existing designs and providing a greater understanding of design limitations.
Integral holography: white-light single-shot hologram acquisition (2007)

A new method for obtaining digital Fourier holograms, under spatially incoherent white-light illumination and in a single camera shot, is presented. Multiple projections of the 3-D scene are created in the image plane of a microlens array, and a digital camera acquires the entire projections in a single shot. Then, each projection is computer processed to yield a single point in a Fourier hologram. The new method, designated as integral holography, is proved for the general case and demonstrated experimentally for a simple case.
Small feature sizes and high aperture ratio organic light-emitting diodes by using laser-patterned polyimide shadow masks (2014)

A shadow mask technique capable of realizing high resolution (&amp;gt;330 pixel-per-inch) and ∼100% aperture ratio Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) full color displays is demonstrated. The technique utilizes polyimide contact shadow masks, patterned by laser ablation. Red, green, and blue OLEDs with very small feature sizes (&amp;lt;25 μm) are fabricated side by side on one substrate. OLEDs fabricated via this technique have the same performance as those made by established technology. This technique has a strong potential to achieve high resolution OLED displays via standard vacuum deposition processes even on flexible substrates.
Dynomite (1997)

Dynomitc is a portable electronic notebook for the capture and retrieval of handwritten and audio notes. The goal of Dynomitc is to merge the organization, search, and data acquisition capabilities of a computer with the benefits of a paper-based notebook. Dynomite provides novel solutions in tour key problem areas. First, Dynomite uses a casual, low cognitive overhead interface. Second, for content indexing of notes, Dynomite uses ink properties and keywords. Third, to assist organization, Dynomite's properties and keywords define views, presenting a subset of the notebook content that dynamically changes as users add new information. Finally, to augment handwritten notes with audio on devices with limited storage, Dynomite continuously records audio, but only permanently stores those parts highlighted by the user.
Peripheral versus axial substituted phthalocyanine-double-walled carbon nanotube hybrids as light harvesting systems (2015)

Syntheses, characterization and photophysical properties of two covalently linked double-walled carbon nanotube-phthalocyanine nanohybrids is reported, as new light energy harvesting materials.
Human chorionic gonadotropin radioantibodies in the radioimmunodetection of cancer and for disclosure of occult metastases. (1981)

Radioimmunodetection (RaID) of tumors containing human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; choriogonadotropin) was evaluated in 25 patients by injecting 131I-labeled goat antibody IgG against hCG and performing total-body photoscans with a gamma scintillation camera 24 and 48 hr later. All 10 testicular cancer patients with proven tumor sites had positive RaID results, whereas three cases without known tumor were negative. Four patients with hydatidiform mole and one with degenerative products of conception showed positive RaID results consistent with elevated serum hCG titers. Two putatively false-positive results were obtained in patients with lung or ovarian cancer, whereas a false-negative metastasis to the liver of a patient with lung cancer and an elevated serum hCG titer was observed. Of 14 tumor sites found by RaID in 10 testicular cancer patients, 4 were revealed by RaID prior to any other detection method used and provided a lead time to definitive diagnosis by other measures of a few days to greater than 1 yr. Although a number of patients had high serum hCG levels, even exceeding 3 microgram/ml, the xenogeneic antibody was capable of localizing in tumor. No adverse effects were noted in any of the patients studied. Thus, hCG RaID appears to be a safe and effective method of detecting and locating hCG-producing tumors and has been found to disclose occult testicular cancers.
D-cycloserine improves synaptic transmission in an animal mode of Rett syndrome (2017)

Rett syndrome (RTT), a leading cause of intellectual disability in girls, is predominantly caused by mutations in the X-linked gene MECP2. Disruption of Mecp2 in mice recapitulates major features of RTT, including neurobehavioral abnormalities, which can be reversed by re-expression of normal Mecp2. Thus, there is reason to believe that RTT could be amenable to therapeutic intervention throughout the lifespan of patients after the onset of symptoms. A common feature underlying neuropsychiatric disorders, including RTT, is altered synaptic function in the brain. Here, we show that Mecp2tm1.1Jae/y mice display lower presynaptic function as assessed by paired pulse ratio, as well as decreased long term potentiation (LTP) at hippocampal Schaffer-collateral-CA1 synapses. Treatment of Mecp2tm1.1Jae/y mice with D-cycloserine (DCS), an FDA-approved analog of the amino acid D-alanine with antibiotic and glycinergic activity, corrected the presynaptic but not LTP deficit without affecting deficient hippocampal BDNF levels. DCS treatment did, however, partially restore lower BDNF levels in the brain stem and striatum. Thus, treatment with DCS may mitigate the severity of some of the neurobehavioral symptoms experienced by patients with Rett syndrome.
The Microbiota Contributes to the Control of Highly Pathogenic H5N9 Influenza Virus Replication in Ducks (2020)

Ducks usually show little or no clinical signs following highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. In order to analyze whether the microbiota could contribute to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks, we used a broad-spectrum oral antibiotic treatment to deplete the microbiota before infection with a highly pathogenic H5N9 avian influenza virus. Antibiotic-treated ducks and nontreated control ducks did not show any clinical signs following H5N9 virus infection. We did not detect any significant difference in virus titers neither in the respiratory tract nor in the brain nor spleen. However, we found that antibiotic-treated H5N9 virus-infected ducks had significantly increased intestinal virus excretion at days 3 and 5 postinfection. This was associated with a significantly decreased antiviral immune response in the intestine of antibiotic-treated ducks. Our findings highlight the importance of an intact microbiota for an efficient control of avian influenza virus replication in ducks.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Ducks are frequently infected with avian influenza viruses belonging to multiple subtypes. They represent an important reservoir species of avian influenza viruses, which can occasionally be transmitted to other bird species or mammals, including humans. Ducks thus have a central role in the epidemiology of influenza virus infection. Importantly, ducks usually show little or no clinical signs even following infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We provide evidence that the microbiota contributes to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks by modulating the antiviral immune response. Ducks are able to control influenza virus replication more efficiently when they have an intact intestinal microbiota. Therefore, maintaining a healthy microbiota by limiting perturbations to its composition should contribute to the prevention of avian influenza virus spread from the duck reservoir.
ChemInform Abstract: A SIMPLE PROCESS FOR THE PURIFICATION OF ARACHIDONIC ACID (1984)

Abstract Die Reinigung von Arachidonsäure (I) erfolgt durch eine Iodlactonisierung unreiner Mischungen zu (II) das mit Trimethylchlorsilan und Nal wieder zu (I) gespalten werden kann.
TURP: State of the Art (2002)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUROLOGICAL SURVEY: Video Reviews: BPH, DIVERSION, KIDNEY/URETER, STONE DISEASE, URETHRA: VIDEO REVIEWS1 Jan 2002TURP: State of the Art Thomas W. Jarrett, andM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Thomas W. JarrettThomas W. Jarrett More articles by this author , and Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65486-9AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "TURP: State of the Art." The Journal of Urology, 167(1), p. 438 © 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 167Issue 1January 2002Page: 438 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Thomas W. Jarrett More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Optimizing packing fraction in granular media composed of overlapping spheres (2015)

What particle shape will generate the highest packing fraction when randomly poured into a container? In order to explore and navigate the enormous search space efficiently, we pair molecular dynamics simulations with artificial evolution. Arbitrary particle shape is represented by a set of overlapping spheres of varying diameter, enabling us to approximate smooth surfaces with a resolution proportional to the number of spheres included. We discover a family of planar triangular particles, whose packing fraction of ϕ ∼ 0.73 is among the highest experimental results for disordered packings of frictionless particles. We investigate how ϕ depends on the arrangement of spheres comprising an individual particle and on the smoothness of the surface. We validate the simulations with experiments using 3D-printed copies of the simplest member of the family, a planar particle consisting of three overlapping spheres with identical radius. Direct experimental comparison with 3D-printed aspherical ellipsoids demonstrates that the triangular particles pack exceedingly well not only in the limit of large system size but also when confined to small containers.
Molecular and clinical characterization of de novo and familial cases with microduplication 3q29 (2016)

Microdeletions of 3q29 have previously been reported, but the postulated reciprocal microduplication has only recently been observed. Here, cases from four families, two ascertained in Toronto (Canada) and one each from Edinburgh (UK) and Leiden (Netherlands), carrying microduplications of 3q29 are presented. These families have been characterized by cytogenetic and molecular techniques, and all individuals have been further characterized with genome-wide, high density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays run at a single centre (The Centre for Applied Genomics, Toronto). In addition to polymorphic copy-number variants (CNV), all carry duplications of 3q29 ranging in size from 1.9 to 2.4 Mb, encompassing multiple genes and defining a minimum region of overlap of about Request reprints from Richard F. Wintle or Stephen W. Scherer The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genomic Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto, Ont. (Canada) telephone: +1 416 813 7613; fax: +1 416 813 8319 e-mail: rwintle@sickkids.ca or steve@genet.sickkids.on.ca © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel 1424–8581/08/1234–0065$24.50/0 Accessible online at: www.karger.com/cgr 1.6 Mb bounded by clusters of segmental duplications that is remarkably similar in location to previously reported 3q29 microdeletions. Consistent with other reports, the phenotype is variable, although developmental delay and significant ophthalmological findings were recurrent, suggesting that dosage sensitivity of genes located within 3q29 is important for eye and CNS development. We also consider CNVs found elsewhere in the genome for their contribution to the phenotype. We conclude by providing preliminary guidelines for management and anticipatory care of families with this microduplication, thereby establishing a standard for CNV reporting. Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel Work at The Centre for Applied Genomics was supported by Genome Canada/ Ontario Genomics Institute, the McLaughlin Centre for Molecular Medicine, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids) Foundation. C.R.M. is supported by the SickKids Foundation and the National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD). S.W.S. is the GlaxoSmithKline-CIHR Pathfinder Chair in Genetics and Genomics at SickKids and a Fellow of the CIHR at the University of Toronto. This collaboration arose as a result of interaction at the Third International DECIPHER Symposium (Wellcome Trust Sanger Centre, Hinxton, UK; May 16–18, 2007). S.G. and J.K. contributed equally to this work. Accepted in revised form for publication by H. Kehrer-Sawatzki and D.N. Cooper, 11 July 2008.
Biological activity and toxicitiy of imported and synthetic metal working fluids on <i>Scendesmus obliquus</i> algae (2007)

Effects of imported (I) and synthetic (S) metal working fluids and different combinations formed from these fluids with each of benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride (A), benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride (B), P- methyl benzyl triethyl ammonium chloride(C) and P- methyl benzyl triethanol ammonium chloride(D) in different concentrations were studied on growth and structure of green alga Scendesmus obliquus. The toxicity of surfactants to Scendesmus obliquus are arranged in the order: imported fluid > Synthetic fluid > S+ D > I+A> S+B> I+ C> I+B > I+D > I+D >S+A > I+4. These results prove that, the toxicity of fluids depends on its chemical structure.Egyptian Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 25 (1) 2007: pp. 82-93
Diffuse Reflectance Polarization Images of Turbid Media Affected by Glucose (1998)

Diffuse reflectance polarimetry has been used to obtain images from tissue-simulating turbid media with different glucose concentrations to investigate the changes in the polarization patterns induced by glucose. The optical properties change as the concentration of glucose is varied in the medium. The polarization patterns are affected by the overall optical properties of the turbid medium under study. This approach has potential applications in actual biological tissues for rapidly determining glucose levels non-invasively.
Modulation of Radiation Injury Response in Retinal Endothelial Cells by Quinic Acid Derivative KZ-41 Involves p38 MAPK (2014)

Radiation-induced damage to the retina triggers leukostasis, retinal endothelial cell (REC) death, and subsequent hypoxia. Resultant ischemia leads to visual loss and compensatory retinal neovascularization (RNV). Using human RECs, we demonstrated that radiation induced leukocyte adhesion through mechanisms involving p38MAPK, p53, and ICAM-1 activation. Additional phenotypic changes included p38MAPK-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of the focal adhesion scaffolding protein, paxillin (Tyr118). The quinic acid derivative KZ-41 lessened leukocyte adhesion and paxillin-dependent proliferation via inhibition of p38MAPK-p53-ICAM-1 signaling. Using the murine oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model, we examined the effect of KZ-41 on pathologic RNV. Daily ocular application of a KZ-41-loaded nanoemulsion significantly reduced both the avascular and neovascular areas in harvested retinal flat mounts when compared to the contralateral eye receiving vehicle alone. Our data highlight the potential benefit of KZ-41 in reducing both the retinal ischemia and neovascularization provoked by genotoxic insults. Further research into how quinic acid derivatives target and mitigate inflammation is needed to fully appreciate their therapeutic potential for the treatment of inflammatory retinal vasculopathies.