gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ARIES-III D-3He tokamak-reactor study (2002)

A description of the ARIES-III research effort is presented, and the general features of the ARIES-III reactor are described. The plasma engineering and fusion-power-core design are summarized, including the major results, the key technical issues, and the central conclusions. Analyses have shown that the plasma power-balance window for D-/sup 3/He tokamak reactors is small and requires a first wall (or coating) that is highly reflective to synchrotron radiation and small values of tau /sub ash// epsilon /sub e/ (the ratio of ash-particle to energy confinement times in the core plasma). Both first and second stability regimes of operation have been considered. The second stability regime is chosen for the ARIES-III design point because the reactor can operate at a higher value of tau /sub ash// tau /sub E// tau /sub E/ approximately=2 (twice that of a first stability version), and because it has a reduced plasma current (30 MA), magnetic field at the coil (14 T), mass, and cost (also compared to a first-stability D-/sup 3/He reactor). The major and minor radii are, respectively 7.5 and 2.5 m.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Combination therapy with relaxin and methylprednisolone augments the effects of either treatment alone in inhibiting subepithelial fibrosis in an experimental model of allergic airways disease (2012)

Although CSs (corticosteroids) demonstrate potent effects in the control of airway inflammation in asthma, many patients continue to experience symptoms and AHR (airway hyper-responsiveness) despite optimal treatment with these agents, probably due to progressive airway remodelling. Identifying novel therapies that can target airway remodelling and/or airway reactivity may improve symptom control in these patients. We have demonstrated previously that the anti-fibrotic hormone RLN (relaxin) can reverse airway remodelling (epithelial thickening and subepithelial fibrosis) and AHR in a murine model of AAD (allergic airways disease). In the present study, we compared the effects of RLN with a CS (methylprednisolone) on airway remodelling and AHR when administered independently or in combination in the mouse AAD model. Female mice at 6-8 weeks of age were sensitized and challenged to OVA (ovalbumin) over a 9-week period and treated with methylprednisolone, RLN, a combination of both treatments or vehicle controls. Methylprednisolone was administered intraperitoneally on the same day as nebulization for 6 weeks, whereas recombinant human RLN-2 was administered via subcutaneously implanted osmotic mini-pumps from weeks 9-11. RLN or methylprednisolone alone were both able to significantly decrease subepithelial thickness and total lung collagen deposition; whereas RLN but not methylprednisolone significantly decreased epithelial thickness and AHR. Additionally, combination therapy with CS and RLN more effectively reduced subepithelial collagen thickness than either therapy alone. These findings demonstrate that RLN can modulate a broader range of airway remodelling changes and AHR than methylprednisolone and the combination of both treatments offers enhanced control of subepithelial fibrosis.
Evaluation of Signal in Space Error Bounds to Support Aviation Integrity (2010)

One of the intended purposes of recently proposed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals is the provision of high integrity positioning sufficient for use in aviation. Caution is required, as the integrity requirements for aviation, particularly precision approach, are very strict. There must be less than a one in ten million chance of providing misleading information to the pilot. Further, each individual nation is responsible for approving equipment and procedures in their sovereign airspace. In order to make use of signals over which they have no control, aviation authorities must have a clear understanding of the commitments and capabilities of these new signals. This paper proposes equations to combine information from the satellites together with other error bounds to form appropriate upper bounds on the users' position estimates. The bounds are matched to proposed data monitoring criteria that ensure consistency between what has been observed and what is assumed by the bounding equations.
Data from Tissue-Wide Expression Profiling Using cDNA Subtraction and Microarrays to Identify Tumor-Specific Genes (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;With the objective of discovering novel putative intervention sites for anticancer therapy, we compared transcriptional profiles of breast cancer, lung squamous cell cancer (LSCC), lung adenocarcinoma (LAC), and renal cell cancer (RCC). Each of these tumor types still needs improvement in medical treatment. Our intention was to search for genes not only highly expressed in the majority of patient samples but which also exhibit very low or even absence of expression in a comprehensive panel of 16 critical (vital) normal tissues. To achieve this goal, we combined two powerful technologies, PCR-based cDNA subtraction and cDNA microarrays. Seven subtractive libraries consisting of ∼9250 clones were established and enriched for tumor-specific transcripts. These clones, together with ∼1750 additional tumor-relevant genes, were used for cDNA microarray preparation. Hybridizations were performed using a pool of 16 critical normal tissues as a reference in all experiments. In total, we analyzed 20 samples of breast cancer, 11 of LSCC, 11 of LAC, and 8 of RCC. To select for genes with low or even no expression in normal tissues, expression profiles of 22 different normal tissues were additionally analyzed. Importantly, this tissue-wide expression profiling allowed us to eliminate genes, which exhibit also high expression in normal tissues. Similarly, expression signatures of genes, which are derived from infiltrating cells of the immune system, were eliminated as well. Cluster analysis resulted in the identification of 527 expressed sequence tags specifically up-regulated in these tumors. Gene-wise hierarchical clustering of these clones clearly separated the different tumor types with RCC exhibiting the most homogenous and LAC the most diverse expression profile. In addition to already known tumor-associated genes, the majority of identified genes have not yet been brought into context with tumorigenesis such as genes involved in bone matrix mineralization (&lt;i&gt;OSN&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;OPN&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;OSF-2&lt;/i&gt;) in lung, breast, and kidney cancer or genes controlling Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; homeostasis (&lt;i&gt;RCN1&lt;/i&gt;,&lt;i&gt;CALCA&lt;/i&gt;, S100 protein family). EGLN3, which recently has been shown to be involved in regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor, was found to be highly up-regulated in all RCCs and in half of the LSCCs analyzed. Furthermore, 42 genes, the expression level of which correlated with the overall survival of breast cancer patients, were identified. The gene dendogram clearly separates two groups of genes, those up-regulated such as cyclin B1, &lt;i&gt;TGF-β3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;B-Myb&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Erg2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;VCAM-1&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;CD44&lt;/i&gt; and those down-regulated such as &lt;i&gt;MIG-6&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Esp15&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;CAK&lt;/i&gt; in patients with short survival time.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Improving existing motor protection for medium voltage motors (1989)

Motor failures and associated present-day costs are analyzed, and potential troubles generated within the plant and form the utility distribution system are documented. These troubles, their effects, and resultant motor failure modes are illustrated to determine the maximum protection desired for prolonged motor life. Limitations of older forms of motor protection utilizing induction-type overcurrent relays are presented in contrast with the desired protection. The features of several different types of current microprocessor-based relays are reviewed as eligible candidates for motor protection upgrading. An example of work performed as part of a comprehensive field retrofit is presented along with economic considerations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design organischer optoelektronischer Materialien durch laterale Borylsubstitution (2007)

Von der besten Seite: Eine laterale Borylsubstitution an einem π-delokalisierten Gerüst (siehe Bild, D=Donorgruppe, B=Borylgruppe) liefert molekulare Feststoffe mit veränderbarer Farbe und hervorragenden Emissionseffizienzen oder erhöhten Elektronenaffinitäten. Aus diesem Ansatz ergibt sich ein neues Prinzip zum Entwurf organischer optoelektronischer Materialien.
[Pathophysiology and diagnosis of cardio-renal syndrome: actual picture and future prospectives]. (2015)

The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) indicates how close the relationship is between heart and kidney during failure of these organs. At present, the classification of the syndrome includes five types of CRS: types I and II which are strictly related to initial heart failure (both acute and chronic), types III and IV which include initial kidney failure, and type V which includes several systemic diseases. Many pathophysiological pathways have been described illustrating how heart and kidney disease are involved in clinical conditions. The diagnosis of CRS is based on both blood tests and ultrasound imaging. Several biomarkers indicating levels of heart and kidney function have emerged over the last few decades which can be used to predict kidney failure in patients with acute or chronic heart disease. Kidney injury biomarkers have also to be tested, especially those indicating glomerular and tubular damage. Renal ultrasound and trans-thoracic echocardiography can provide further information on heart and kidney failure in patients with cardio-renal syndrome at any stage.
An ultracompact refractive index gas-sensor based on photonic crystal microcavity (2007)

An ultracompact gas-sensor based on the two-dimensional photonic crystal microcavity is presented. The sensor is formed by a point-defect resonant cavity. The transmission spectrums of the sensor with different ambient refractive indices ranging from 1.0 <i>n</i> = to 1.01 <i>n</i> = are calculated. The calculation results show that a change in ambient refractive index of &Delta;<i>n</i>=1&times;10<sup>-4</sup>is apparent, the sensitivity of the sensor (&Delta;&lambda;/&Delta;<i>n</i>) is achieved with 433nm/RIU(when lattice constant 520 <i>a</i>=520<i>nm</i>), where RIU means refractive index unit . The properties of the sensor are analyzed and calculated using the plane-wave expansion (PWE) method and simulated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Using the fabry-Perot cavity mode, the performances of the refractive index sensor are analyzed theoretically. The sensor is optimized using the photonic crystal waveguide structure and simulated using the FDTD method. As the small sensing area (~10&mu;m<sup>2</sup>) of the device would require only ~1<i>fL</i> sample analyte, these ultracompact gas sensors would be widely used in little sample analyte in gas measurement.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Olefins with Iridium—Phosphanodihydrooxazole Catalysts. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Addressing critical needs in the technical energy workforce: Focused certificate and degree programs beyond the associates (2015)

QScience.com is the innovative and collaborative, peer-reviewed, online publishing platform from Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press). It offers a fast and transparent Open Access scholarly publishing process, which is centered on the author, bringing their research to a global audience.
Quantifying Car following Performance as a Metric for Primary and Secondary (Distraction) Task Load: Part A — Modification of Task Parameters (2003)

Driver impairment as a result of attention-related factors is a common concern to many areas of safety research in driving. Previously, the “coherence technique” was developed to provide several metrics of performance in relation to the continuous task of car following presumed to require vigilance and perceptual capacity (Brookhuis, De Waard, &amp; Mulder, 1994). This study examines a modified version of this technique that is more natural. This modified technique was sensitive to both increased primary and secondary (distraction) task load.
Influence of a nonfragile <i>FHIT</i> transgene on murine tumor susceptibility (2007)

FHIT, at a constitutively active chromosome fragile site, is often a target of chromosomal aberrations and deletion in a large fraction of human tumors. Inactivation of murine Fhit allelessignificantly increases susceptibility of mice to spontaneous and carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis. In this study, transgenic mice, carrying a human FHIT cDNA under control of the endogenous promoter, were produced to determine the effect of Fhit expression, from a nonfragile cDNA transgene outside the fragile region, on carcinogen-induced tumor susceptibility of wildtype and Fhit heterozygous mice. Mice received sufficient oral doses of N-nitrosomethybenzylamine (NMBA) to cause forestomach tumors in >80% of nontransgenic control mice. Although the level of expression of the FHIT transgene in the recombinant mouse strains was much lower than the level of endogenous Fhit expression, the tumor burden in NMBA-treated male transgenic mice was significantly reduced, while female transgenic mice were not protected. To determine if the difference in protection could be due to differences in epigenetic changes at the transgene loci in male versus female mice, we examined expression, hypermethylation and induced re-expression of FHIT transgenes in male and female mice or cells derived from them. The transgene was methylated in male and female mice and in cell lines established from male and female transgenic kidneys, the FHIT locus was both hypermethylated and deacetylated. It is likely that the FHIT transgene is more tightly silenced in female transgenic mice, leading to a lack of protection from tumor induction.
Biphasic Response of Action Potential Duration to Sudden Sympathetic Stimulation in Anesthetized Cats (2003)

Although certain roles of the sympathetic nervous system have been suggested as possible mechanisms of life-threatening arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death, the dynamic electrophysiological response to sympathetic activation remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamic response of action potential duration (APD) to sudden sympathetic stimulation (SYM) using monophasic action potential (MAP) recording. In 10 anesthetized cats, MAPs were continuously recorded from the right ventricular endocardium under constant pacing. The dynamic response of the APD to SYM (3 Hz) were examined before and after the administration of propranolol (0.5 mg/kg i.v.) (n=5) or phentolamine (1.0 mg/kg i.v.) (n=5). In response to SYM, the APD was transiently prolonged by 5.5+/-3.2 ms at 7.0+/-1.3 s, and monotonically shortened toward a steady-state level (-14.5+/-6.9 ms). Propranolol almost abolished both the transient prolongation (6.6+/-4.5 to 0.2+/-0.4 ms, p<0.05) and the steady-state shortening (-13.7+/-3.6 to -1.1+/-2.4 ms, p<0.005), whereas phentolamine did not have a significant effect on the response of APD to SYM. These findings might partly account for the propensity of ventricular arrhythmias to occur immediately after sudden sympathetic activation.
Content-dependent on-the-fly visual information fusion for battlefield scenarios (2012)

We report on cooperative research program between Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD), and University of Maryland (UMD). The program aims to develop advanced on-the-fly atmospheric image processing techniques based on local information fusion from a single or multiple monochrome and color live video streams captured by imaging sensors in combat or reconnaissance situations. Local information fusion can be based on various local metrics including local image quality, local image-area motion, spatio-temporal characteristics of image content, etc. Tools developed in this program are used to identify and fuse critical information to enhance target identification and situational understanding in conditions of severe atmospheric turbulence.
A Short Synthesis of the 2-Bromo-N,9-dimethyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]indol-6-amine Building Block (2019)

A concise synthesis of pharmaceutically useful (R)-tert-butyl N-(2-bromo-9-methyl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrido[2,3-b]indol-6-yl)-N-methylcarbamate building block 11 is described. The racemic intermediate 17 was prepared in a single step from 2-bromo-6-(1-methylhydrazinyl)pyridine sulfate salt (14) and N,3,3-trimethyl-1,5-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecan-9-amine hydrochloride salt (16). Chiral separation of racemic intermediate 17 by diasteromeric salt recrystallization afforded the diasteromeric salt 18 in 37% yield, which was Boc-protected to afford building block 11. Thus, the process for the synthesis and chiral separation by diasteromeric salt crystallization allowed the synthesis of chiral building block 11 in kilogram quantities in 18% overall yield.
Effect of Fabricating Conditions on Impact Properties of Nb/MoSi<SUB>2</SUB> Laminate Composites (1998)

By alternating MoSi2 powder layer with Nb sheet, followed with hot pressing in a graphite mould, Nb/MoSi2 laminate composites have been successfully prepared. The volume fraction and the number of Nb sheet induced in this system are nominally 10 vol% and 4 layers, respectively. The purpose of the present work is to investigate the effect of fabricating conditions on the impact properties of Nb/MoSi2 laminate composites and to examine the variation of their impact values through the heat treatment. Lamination of the Nb sheet and the MoSi2 layer showed a sufficient improvement in the absorbed impact energy compared to that of monolithic MoSi2 material. It has been found that the impact value of the laminate composites obviously decreased when sintered at consolidation temperatures higher than 1523 K, even if the composite density contributing to impact load increased along with consolidation temperatures. The impact value of the laminate composites was also dramatically reduced with the growth of reaction layer after the heat treatment. However, it is effective in the improvement of the impact value to increase the pressure and its holding time at the same consolidation temperature.
Rapid Chromatin Switch in the Direct Reprogramming of Fibroblasts to Neurons (2017)

How transcription factors (TFs) reprogram one cell lineage to another remains unclear. Here, we define chromatin accessibility changes induced by the proneural TF Ascl1 throughout conversion of fibroblasts into induced neuronal (iN) cells. Thousands of genomic loci are affected as early as 12 hr after Ascl1 induction. Surprisingly, over 80% of the accessibility changes occur between days 2 and 5 of the 3-week reprogramming process. This chromatin switch coincides with robust activation of endogenous neuronal TFs and nucleosome phasing of neuronal promoters and enhancers. Subsequent morphological and functional maturation of iN cells is accomplished with relatively little chromatin reconfiguration. By integrating chromatin accessibility and transcriptome changes, we built a network model of dynamic TF regulation during iN cell reprogramming and identified Zfp238, Sox8, and Dlx3 as key TFs downstream of Ascl1. These results reveal a singular, coordinated epigenomic switch during direct reprogramming, in contrast to stepwise cell fate transitions in development.
Clearance kinetics of heterologous antigen and antigen-antibody complexes in Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. (1984)

La disparition de l'Ag et des complexes Ag Ab se deroule en 3 phases exponentielles. Les quantites de materiel radio-actif retenues par les reins 96 heures apres l'injection etaient toujours minimes, mais neanmoins plus importantes apres injection de complexes que d'antigenes seuls dans les 3 groupes
Electron wave-packet response of above-all-band-edges semiconductor quantum resonant structures (1994)

The time-dependent behavior of above-all-band-edges resonant propagating structures is presented. The results obtained are compared to those for the extensively studied double-barrier resonant tunneling structure for reference. It was found that for structures with the same resonant energies and resonance widths, the time-dependent characteristics are very similar. The structures were compared using two analytic approaches. The first is based on linear systems theory and the second on a finite-differences approach. It was found that for both structures, the quasibound state builds up at a rate determined by the parameters of the incident packet and decays with a time constant which corresponds to the lifetime.
Spreadsheets for Stream Partitions and Windows (2015)

We discuss the suitability of spreadsheet processors as tools for programming streaming systems. We argue that, while spreadsheets can function as powerful models for stream operators, their fundamental boundedness limits their scope of application. We propose two extensions to the spreadsheet model and argue their utility in the context of programming streaming systems.
Carbon dioxide activation by alkali metals. 2. Infrared spectra of M+CO2- and M22+CO22- in argon and nitrogen matrixes (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon dioxide activation by alkali metals. 2. Infrared spectra of M+CO2- and M22+CO22- in argon and nitrogen matrixesZakya H. Kafafi, Robert H. Hauge, W. Edward Billups, and John L. MargraveCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 2, 177–183Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00170a013RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views595Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (865 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts