gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BIO performance complexity trade-off (2016)

Bi-directional optical flow (so-called BIO) is part of Joint Exploration Model (JEM) which explores potential coding efficiency improvement over state-of-the-art video codec. BIO allows fine motion compensation on a sample level without additional signaling, since refinement is explicitly calculated using just texture information from both reference frames under assumption the validity of optical flow equation. BIO reduces BD-rate in average by more than 2% (up to 5% for some test video), but computational complexity is rather high. Two simplifications for BIO are studied in this paper. First is redesign chain for MC prediction and gradients calculation scheme. Simplified scheme has slightly high latency but reduces amount of multiplications in bi-predicted blocks by factor 2. Another simplification is clustering samples in order to perform motion refinement in BIO not per sample but for group of samples. This allows reduction of division operation in BIO by factor 9.7 in average (up to 256 times in largest blocks). Both modifications enabled together maintain the same performance for BIO in JEM while reduce encoding and decoding run-time significantly.
Performance Limits to Waveguide Isolators in InP (2007)

The limits of isolation and bandwidth for existing waveguide isolators in InP are analyzed. A new integrated waveguide isolator design is proposed which achieves an isolation greater than 38 dB and a loss of 1.4 dB.
Novel anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies separate human immunodeficiency virus infection and fusion of CD4+ cells from virus binding. (1990)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) binds to cells via an interaction between CD4 and the virus envelope glycoprotein, gp120. Previous studies have localized the high affinity binding site for gp120 to the first domain of CD4, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) reactive with this region compete with gp120 binding and thereby block virus infectivity and syncytium formation. Despite a detailed understanding of the binding of gp120 to CD4, little is known of subsequent events leading to membrane fusion and virus entry. We describe two new mAbs reactive with the third domain of CD4 that inhibit steps subsequent to virus binding critical for HIV infectivity and cell fusion. Binding of recombinant gp120 or virus to CD4 is not inhibited by these antibodies, whereas infection and syncytium formation by a number of HIV isolates are blocked. These findings demonstrate that in addition to virus binding, CD4 may have an active role in membrane fusion.
Analysis of time-dependent current transport in an optically controlled Cu-compensated GaAs switch (1992)

The bulk optically controlled semiconductor switch (BOSS) is a concept based on modulating the bulk conductivity (sigma) of copper-compensated, silicon-doped gallium arsenide (GaAs:Si:Cu). Using laser light at (lambda) equals 1 micrometers , (sigma) can be increased to greater than 1 ((Omega) cm)<SUP>-1</SUP>, and then returned to values comparable to the equilibrium value of (sigma) &lt; 10<SUP>-4</SUP> ((Omega) cm)<SUP>-1</SUP> by illuminating the bulk with an infrared laser at (lambda) approximately equals 2 micrometers . This reversible process forms the switching cycle of the BOSS device. Experimental verification of the essential features of the BOSS switching cycle has been reported at low values of current density; however, power scaling experiments have revealed behavior too complex to be explained by a zero-dimensional model based strictly on conductivity. For this reason, a one- dimensional time-dependent computer code has been developed to analyze the effects of current transport and spatial inhomogeneity in a BOSS device. Electron and hole transport are modeled self-consistently with electron and hole continuity equations and the Poisson equation. The computer code includes the effects of deep-level trapping kinetics, and the boundary conditions model those of a forward-biased p-i-n device. The low-current density results of the 1-d model are verified against the 0-d conductivity model; deviations from the 0-d model as the current density is increased are reported and qualitatively compared against available power-scaling data.
Efficient estimation in the bivariate censoring model and repairing NPMLE (1996)

The NPMLE in the bivariate censoring model is not consistent for continuous data. The problem is caused by the singly censored observations. In this paper we prove that if we observe the censoring times or if the censoring times are discrete, then a NPMLE based on a slightly reduced data set, in particular, we interval censor the singly censored observations, is asymptotically efficient for this reduced data and moreover if we let the width of the interval converge to zero slowly enough, then the NPMLE is also asymptotically efficient for the original data. We are able to determine a lower bound for the rate at which the bandwidth should converge to zero. Simulation results show that the estimator for small bandwidths has a very goodperformance. The efficiency proof uses a general identity which holds for NPMLE of a linear parameter in convex models. If we neither observe the censoring times nor the censoring times are discrete, then we conjecture that our estimator based on simulated censoring times is also asymptotically efficient.
Applications Of Digital Image Processing To Ongoing Research In Complex Terrain Meteorology (1988)

Digital elevation models and Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) scenes constitute image resolution data over spatial domains of typical interest in complex terrain meteorol-ogy. Techniques in use and under development for applying these data to research problems are presented. Topics include decorrelation of topographic shading under direct beam illumination and investigation of nighttime surface temperature.
C8-Linked Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Monomers with Inverted Building Blocks Show Selective Activity against Multidrug Resistant Gram-Positive Bacteria (2017)

Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global concern. Development of novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens is an urgent priority. Pyrrolobenzodiazepines (PBDs) are a promising class of antibacterial agents initially discovered and isolated from natural sources. Recently, C8-linked PBD biaryl conjugates have been shown to be active against some MDR Gram-positive strains. To explore the role of building block orientations on antibacterial activity and obtain structure activity relationship (SAR) information, four novel structures were synthesized in which the building blocks of previously reported compounds were inverted, and their antibacterial activity was studied. The compounds showed minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in the range of 0.125-32 μg/mL against MDR Gram-positive strains with a bactericidal mode of action. The results showed that a single inversion of amide bonds reduces the activity while the double inversion restores the activity against MDR pathogens. All inverted compounds did not stabilize DNA and lacked eukaryotic toxicity. The compounds inhibit DNA gyrase in vitro, and the most potent compound was equally active against both wild-type and mutant DNA gyrase in a biochemical assay. The observed activity of the compounds against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains with equivalent gyrase mutations is consistent with gyrase inhibition being the mechanism of action in vivo, although this has not been definitively confirmed in whole cells. This conclusion is supported by a molecular modeling study showing interaction of the compounds with wild-type and mutant gyrases. This study provides important SAR information about this new class of antibacterial agents.
Maintenance Requirement for Valine and Efficiency of Its Use above Maintenance for Accretion of Whole Body Valine and Protein in Young Chicks (1996)

Experiments were conducted with chicks during the period 10-20 d posthatching to assess valine accretion and protein accretion as a function of incremental valine intakes between 5 and 95% of its ideal level (requirement for maximal growth). Chemically defined crystalline amino acid diets were fed, and amino acids other than valine were maintained at minimized excess levels as valine was increased. With dietary valine concentrations representing 5, 10, 40, 55, 70 and 95% of the ideal level, weight gain (r2 = 0.98), protein accretion (r2 = 0.98) and valine accretion (r2 = 0.99) increased linearly (P < 0.01) as a function of valine intake. Slope of the valine accretion curve was 0.73 +/- 0.02, and there was no indication of decreased valine utilization as valine intake increased to 95% of its required level for maximal growth. Using the linear regression equation, i.e., valine accretion (Y) regressed on valine intake (X), the maintenance valine requirement (X at Y zero) was 18.4 mg/d or 48.8 mg/d per kg body weight3/4. Whole body valine was 4.72 g/100 g whole body protein accreted and was constant at all levels of valine intake. At zero protein accretion, however, valine accretion was negative (-3.8 mg/d). Thus, the valine requirement for zero valine accretion (48.8 mg/d per kg(3/4) was higher than the valine requirement for zero protein accretion (32.4 mg/d per kg3/4). In a subsequent experiment, also involving whole body valine and protein accretion, valine doses of 40, 55 and 70% of ideal were compared using amino acid-balanced diets (amino acids other than valine at 55, 70 and 85% of ideal levels, respectively) or imbalanced diets (amino acids other than valine at a constant 100% of their ideal levels). Straight-line (P < 0.01) valine and protein accretion responses occurred, but slope of the response curves (accretion vs. valine intake) was lower in the imbalanced series than in the balanced series. The results of these studies suggest a constant utilization above maintenance of absorbed valine over a wide range of valine intake.
Effects of the local mechanical environment on vertebrate tissue differentiation during repair: does repair recapitulate development? (2003)

The local mechanical environment is a crucial factor in determining cell and tissue differentiation during vertebrate skeletal development and repair. Unlike the basic response of bone to mechanical load, as described in Wolff's law, the mechanobiological relationship between the local mechanical environment and tissue differentiation influences everything from tissue type and molecular architecture to the formation of complex joints. This study tests the hypothesis that precisely controlled mechanical loading can regulate gene expression, tissue differentiation and tissue architecture in the adult skeleton and that precise manipulation of the defect's local mechanical environment can initiate a limited recapitulation of joint tissue development. We generated tissue type predictions using finite element models (FEMs) interpreted by published mechanobiological fate maps of tissue differentiation. The experiment included a custom-designed external fixator capable of introducing daily bending, shear or a combination of bending and shear load regimens to induce precisely controlled mechanical conditions within healing femoral defects. Tissue types and ratios were characterized using histomorphometrics and molecular markers. Tissue molecular architecture was quantified using polarized light and Fourier transforms, while immunological staining and in situ hybridization were used to characterize gene expression. The finite element models predicted the differentiation of cartilage within the defects and that substantial fibrous tissues would develop along the extreme excursion peripheries in the bending group. The three experimentally induced loading regimens produced contiguous cartilage bands across all experimental defects, inhibiting bony healing. Histomorphometric analysis of the ratios of cartilage to bone in the experimental groups were not significantly different from those for the knee joint, and Fourier transform analysis determined significantly different collagen fibril angle specializations within superficial, intermediate and deep layers of all experimental cartilages (P<0.0001), approximating those for articular cartilage. All stimulations resulted in the expression of collagen type II, while the bending stimulation also resulted in the expression of the joint-determining gene GDF-5. These findings indicate that the local mechanical environment is an important regulator of gene expression, tissue differentiation and tissue architecture.
Defective Transport Is a Common Mechanism of Acquired Methotrexate Resistance in Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia and Is Associated With Decreased Reduced Folate Carrier Expression (1997)

Methotrexate (MTX) transport was examined in 27 patients with untreated acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) and 31 patients with relapsed ALL using a previously described fluorescent MTX analog (PT430) displacement assay (Blood 80:1158, 1992). Only 13% of untreated patients were considered to have impaired MTX transport, whereas more than 70% of relapsed patients had evidence of impaired MTX transport. To further characterize the basis for this defect, Northern analyses for the reduced folate carrier (RFC) were performed on the RNA available from the leukemic blasts of 24 patients in whom MTX transport had been measured. Six of nine samples with impaired MTX transport had decreased RFC expression (one had no detectable RFC expression), while three had no decrease in RFC expression. None of 15 samples with normal MTX transport had decreased RFC expression. A reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay was developed to quantitate RFC mRNA expression more accurately. Decreased RFC expression was demonstrated in six of the nine samples with impaired MTX transport, confirming the results obtained by Northern blot. These data indicate decreased RFC expression associated with impaired MTX transport is observed in relapsed ALL following treatment with MTX-containing therapy.
Electrically conductive composites based on epoxy resin containing polyaniline–DBSA‐ and polyaniline–DBSA‐coated glass fibers (2003)

Abstract Four kinds of polyaniline (PANI)‐coated glass fibers (GF–PANI) combined with bulk PANI particles were synthesized. GF–PANI fillers containing different PANI contents were incorporated into an epoxy–anhydride system. The best conductivity behavior of the epoxy/GF–PANI composites was obtained with a GF–PANI filler containing 80% PANI. Such a composite shows the lowest percolation threshold at about 20% GF–PANI or 16% PANI (glass fiber‐free basis). The PANI‐coated glass fibers act as conductive bridges, interconnecting PANI particles in the epoxy matrix, thus contributing to the improvement of the conductivity of the composite and the lower percolation threshold, compared with that of a epoxy/PANI–powder composite. Particularly, the presence of glass fibers significantly improves the mechanical properties, for example, the modulus and strength of the conductive epoxy composites. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1329–1334, 2004
Lipid Peroxide Distribution in Brain and the Effect of Hyperbaric Oxygen (1983)

Regional differences in peroxide levels in rat brain are relatively small but the highest levels were found in the substantia nigra. Lipid peroxides of rat whole brain were significantly increased (22%) immediately after exposure to oxygen at high pressure (OHP). However, this increase was transient. No significant difference from control was observed 3 h after exposure to OHP. The greatest increases were in the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. The olfactory bulb, caudate-putamen, globus pallidus, corpus callosum, septum, hypothalamus, substantia nigra, and inferior colliculus all showed moderate but significant increases, whereas the accumbens, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, and amygdala showed no significant change. This regional difference in lipid peroxidation may indicate a regional susceptibility to the damaging effects of free radical reactions.
Mitigating power systems variability in more electric aircraft utilizing power electronics implemented dynamic thermal storage (2017)

Increased power levels in more electric aircraft (MEA) bring opportunities to optimize energy flow in multi-physics domains to benefit the power system's stability and aircraft fuel economy. This paper introduces thermal energy inherent in the cabin air and aircraft fuel as a dynamic management solution to offset stochastic load power in the MEA power system. Focus is on power electronic controlled environmental control system (ECS) drives, which can provide dynamic thermal inertia and act as an effective electric swing bus to mitigate power variability. The generator's output power becomes substantially more constant as a result, decreasing the demand from fast generator responses or dedicated energy storage such as batteries. In practice, the motor drives operate on a suitable bandwidth in the sense of filtering unwanted frequencies in the stochastic energy band. The lower update frequency limits air temperature variations in the cabin, and the higher update frequency, combined with ramp-rate and acoustic limits, lets the ECS to respond without generating annoying noise. A high-level implementation builds upon a feedforward control loop. A more sensitive virtual synchronous machine concept added to the loop boosts desirable inertia in the MEA power system. The combination is illustrated in simulation and with experimental results based on realistic load power demand over a mission profile using Boeing 787 as a platform.
IN VITRO EFFECT OF METHISOPRINOL ON SALMONID RHABDOVIRUSES REPLICATION (2002)

The in vitro influence of methisoprinol on the replication of viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) and infectious haematopoetic necrosis (IHN) viruses by measuring their RNA synthesis was examined. EPC cell cultures containing various concentrations of methisoprinol (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 μg/ml of medium) were inoculated with VHS or IHN virus suspension containing 10 TCID50/ml. The inhibition of [H]-uridine incorporation into VHSV and IHNV RNA propagated in cell cultures with methisoprinol was demonstrated. The highest percentage of viral RNA inhibition was observed when a dose of 500 μg/ml was used. The results indicated that methisoprinol inhibits the replication of salmonid rhabdoviruses and possibly may be effective in prevention of viral infection in aquaculture.
Supplementary Figure 7 from A Smac Mimetic Rescue Screen Reveals Roles for Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Figure 7 from A Smac Mimetic Rescue Screen Reveals Roles for Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling
Clinical and Immunologic Changes due to Subcutaneous Immunotherapy With Cat and Dog Extracts Using an Ultrarush Up-Dosing Phase: A Real-Life Study (2020)

Ultrarush SCIT with cat and dog extracts has substantial clinical value for many patients.
Tbx3 Controls Dppa3 Levels and Exit from Pluripotency toward Mesoderm (2015)

Tbx3, a member of the T-box family, plays important roles in development, stem cells, nuclear reprogramming, and cancer. Loss of Tbx3 induces differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, we show that mESCs exist in an alternate stable pluripotent state in the absence of Tbx3. In-depth transcriptome analysis of this mESC state reveals Dppa3 as a direct downstream target of Tbx3. Also, Tbx3 facilitates the cell fate transition from pluripotent cells to mesoderm progenitors by directly repressing Wnt pathway members required for differentiation. Wnt signaling regulates differentiation of mESCs into mesoderm progenitors and helps to maintain a naive pluripotent state. We show that Tbx3, a downstream target of Wnt signaling, fine tunes these divergent roles of Wnt signaling in mESCs. In conclusion, we identify a signaling-TF axis that controls the exit of mESCs from a self-renewing pluripotent state toward mesoderm differentiation.
Dramatic rate enhancement of Suzuki diene synthesis. Its application to palytoxin synthesis (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDramatic rate enhancement of Suzuki diene synthesis. Its application to palytoxin synthesisJunichi Uenishi, Jean Marie Beau, Robert W. Armstrong, and Yoshito KishiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 15, 4756–4758Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00249a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00249a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4074Altmetric-Citations277LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Transporter Spns2 in Immune System Function (2012)

Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is lipid messenger involved in the regulation of embryonic development, immune system functions, and many other physiological processes. However, the mechanisms of S1P transport across cellular membranes remain poorly understood, with several ATP-binding cassette family members and the spinster 2 (Spns2) member of the major facilitator superfamily known to mediate S1P transport in cell culture. Spns2 was also shown to control S1P activities in zebrafish in vivo and to play a critical role in zebrafish cardiovascular development. However, the in vivo roles of Spns2 in mammals and its involvement in the different S1P-dependent physiological processes have not been investigated. In this study, we characterized Spns2-null mouse line carrying the Spns2(tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi) allele (Spns2(tm1a)). The Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) animals were viable, indicating a divergence in Spns2 function from its zebrafish ortholog. However, the immunological phenotype of the Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) mice closely mimicked the phenotypes of partial S1P deficiency and impaired S1P-dependent lymphocyte trafficking, with a depletion of lymphocytes in circulation, an increase in mature single-positive T cells in the thymus, and a selective reduction in mature B cells in the spleen and bone marrow. Spns2 activity in the nonhematopoietic cells was critical for normal lymphocyte development and localization. Overall, Spns2(tm1a/tm1a) resulted in impaired humoral immune responses to immunization. This study thus demonstrated a physiological role for Spns2 in mammalian immune system functions but not in cardiovascular development. Other components of the S1P signaling network are investigated as drug targets for immunosuppressive therapy, but the selective action of Spns2 may present an advantage in this regard.
The Energy Scaling Advantages of RRAM Crossbars. (2016)

Abstract not provided.