gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Adhesion at Clay Nanocomposite Interfaces Depends on Counterion Hydration–Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Montmorillonite/Xyloglucan (2014)

Nacre-mimetic clay/polymer nanocomposites with clay platelet orientation parallel to the film surface show interesting gas barrier and mechanical properties. In moist conditions, interfacial adhesion is lowered and mechanical properties are reduced. Molecular dynamic simulations (MD) have been performed to investigate the effects of counterions on molecular adhesion at montmorillonite clay (Mnt)-xyloglucan (XG) interfaces. We focus on the role of monovalent cations K(+), Na(+), and Li(+) and the divalent cation Ca(2+) for mediating and stabilizing the Mnt/XG complex formation. The conformation of adsorbed XG is strongly influenced by the choice of counterion and so is the simulated work of adhesion. Free energy profiles that are used to estimate molecular adhesion show stronger interaction between XG and clay in the monovalent cation system than in divalent cation system, following a decreasing order of K-Mnt, Na-Mnt, Li-Mnt, and Ca-Mnt. The Mnt clay hydrates differently in the presence of different counterions, leading to a chemical potential of water that is highest in the case of K-Mnt, followed by Na-Mnt and Li-Mnt, and lowest in the case of Ca-Mnt. This means that water is most easily displaced from the interface in the case of K-Mnt, which contributes to the relatively high work of adhesion. In all systems, the penalty of replacing polymer with water at the interface gives a positive contribution to the work of adhesion of between 19 and 35%. Our work confirms the important role of counterions in mediating the adsorption of biopolymer XG to Mnt clays and predicts potassium or sodium as the best choice of counterions for a Mnt-based biocomposite design.
Symmetric Cryptography (Dagstuhl Seminar 18021) (2018)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 18021 "Symmetric Cryptography", which was held on January 7-12, 2018 in Schloss Dagstuhl - Leibniz Center for Informatics. The seminar was the sixth in a series of Dagstuhl seminars on "Symmetric Cryptography", previously held in 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014, and 2016. During the seminar, many of the participants presented their current research in the design, analysis, and application of symmetric cryptographic algorithms, including ongoing work and open problems. This report documents the abstracts or extended abstracts of the talks presented during the seminar, as well as summaries of the discussion sessions.
Sweeping jet from a fluidic oscillator in crossflow (2017)

This paper is associated with a video winner of a 2016 APS/DFD Milton van Dyke Award for work presented at the DFD Gallery of Fluid Motion. The original video is available from the Gallery of Fluid Motion, https://doi.org/10.1103/APS.DFD.2016.GFM.V0076
A Framework for Distributed Open Hypermedia (1997)

Early hypermedia systems are now referred to as closed systems due to their reliance upon proprietary document formats, embedded links, monolithic designs and their inability to integrate with the desktop environment. Advances from the research community gave rise to a new generation of open hypermedia systems. Open hypermedia systems tend to have modular architectures and can offer an extensible hypermedia link service integrated with the desktop environment. One explanation for the unmitigated success of the World Wide Web (WWW) is the way in which common Internet services have been integrated. Although the WWW is open in terms of the platforms and protocols supported, it has several limitations in common with closed hypermedia systems. Described in this thesis is Microcosm TNG, a framework for distributed open hypermedia, able to integrate with both the desktop and the Internet. The abstraction of a hypermedia application is introduced for improving the organisation and the encapsulation of related documents and link services. Such a resource can then be made available to remote users via the Microcosm TNG framework. Architectural extensions to the system are described which enable the hierarchical composition of hypermedia applications to construct rich distributed information spaces.
High-Throughput Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence and Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy Using a Photonic Chip (2019)

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) is commonly used in single molecule localization based super-resolution microscopy as it gives enhanced contrast due to optical sectioning. The conventional approach is to use high numerical aperture microscope TIRF objectives for both excitation and collection, severely limiting the field of view and throughput. We present a novel approach to generating TIRF excitation for imaging with optical waveguides, called chip-based nanoscopy. The aim of this protocol is to demonstrate how chip-based imaging is performed in an already built setup. The main advantage of chip-based nanoscopy is that the excitation and collection pathways are decoupled. Imaging can then be done with a low magnification lens, resulting in large field of view TIRF images, at the price of a small reduction in resolution. Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) were imaged using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), showing a resolution comparable to traditional super-resolution microscopes. In addition, we demonstrate the high-throughput capabilities by imaging a 500 µm x 500 µm region with a low magnification lens, providing a resolution of 76 nm. Through its compact character, chip-based imaging can be retrofitted into most common microscopes and can be combined with other on-chip optical techniques, such as on-chip sensing, spectroscopy, optical trapping, etc. The technique is thus ideally suited for high throughput 2D super-resolution imaging, but also offers great opportunities for multi-modal analysis.
Fused Optoelectronic Devices (1998)

Semiconductor optoelectronic components such as lasers and detectors have revolutionized fiber optic communication. The efficiency and compact nature of such devices has allowed them to be incorporated into a wide variety of systems.
Subtype‐specific increase in G‐protein α‐subunit mRNA by interleukin 1β (1989)

The guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins (G-proteins) which are substrates for ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin (alpha i-1, alpha i-2, alpha i-3 and alpha o) transduce a variety of hormonal signals. Endothelial cells express mRNA for three alpha i subtypes although the level of alpha i-1 mRNA is very low. Interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta), a pleiotropic inflammatory mediator which stimulates a complex series of responses in human endothelial cells leading to increased coagulation and platelet adhesion, increases expression of one subtype of alpha i (alpha i-2) mRNA in human endothelial cells as determined by Northern blot analysis without affecting the level of mRNA for other alpha-subunits. These studies show that mRNA levels for alpha i subtypes are independently regulated, suggesting that there may be subtype specificity in the cell's requirements for the Gi class of signal-transducing proteins.
The Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau Cross-Links to Two Distinct Sites on Each α and β Tubulin Monomer via Separate Domains (1998)

The interaction between tubulin subunits and microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) such as tau is fundamental for microtubule structure and function. Previous work has suggested that the "microtubule binding domain" of tau (composed of three or four imperfect 18-amino acid repeats, separated by 13- or 14-amino acid inter-repeat regions) can bind to the C-terminal ends of both alpha and beta tubulin monomers. Here, using covalent cross-linking strategies, we demonstrate that there are two distinct tau cross-linking sites (designated as "C-terminal" and "internal") on each alpha and beta tubulin monomer. The C-terminal tau cross-linking site is located within the 12 C-terminal amino acids of both alpha and beta tubulin, while the internal tau cross-linking site is located within the C-terminal one-third of alpha and beta tubulin but not within the last 12 amino acids. In addition, we show that tau cross-links to the C-terminal site via its repeat 1 and/or the R1-R2 inter-repeat. The cross-linking of tau to the internal site is mediated by some subset of its other repeat units. Integrating these and earlier data with the 3.7 A resolution model of the alphabeta tubulin dimer recently presented by E. Nogales et al. [(1998), Nature 391, 199-203], we propose a new model for the tau-microtubule interaction.
Discussion: Modeling for Hydraulic Capacity (2004)

In “Modeling for Hydraulic Capacity” (Boxall et al, April 2004) the authors' key finding is that growth of roughness elements in pipes affects pipes in two ways: it increases the equivalent sand grain roughness; and, decreases the pipe diameter. As stated by the authors, most methods used to account for roughness growth adjust the roughness coefficients alone and do not also decrease the pipe diameter. The authors are indeed correct in stating that both should be adjusted; however, how this effect is quantified should be examined. The relationship depends on the type of flow, the flow velocity, and the diameter of the pipe. In general, a 1‐mm (0.04‐in.) increase in roughness has a much greater effect on head loss than a 2‐mm (0.08‐in.) decrease in diameter. Although a relationship between roughness (or Cfactor) and diameter reduction exists, there are an infinite number of pairs of roughness and diameter values that can reproduce observed head loss. It would take a great deal of testing for a modeler to determine a specific point in any pipe. Such extra work can only be justified on rare occasions.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Identification and Analysis of <i>In Vivo</i> VEGF Downstream Markers Link VEGF Pathway Activity with Efficacy of Anti-VEGF Therapies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 113K, Fig S1. Kinetics of anti-VEGF effects on proliferation (ki67) and tumor burden in the RIP-TβAg model.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of head-worn display lateral position on visual comfort while reading (2017)

We conduct a study on visual comfort while reading using an opaque head-worn display (HWD) displaced laterally at 0°, 10°, 20° and 30°. Participants completed 30 minute sessions while reading fictional stories and rated their comfort level every five minutes. The 30° condition showed significantly worse comfort ratings than the other three conditions.
Live Demonstration: Phase Tracking Based Ultrasonic Tidal Breathing Monitor (2020)

This work presents a live demonstration of monitoring respiratory parameters during normal, restful tidal breathing. The system is based on detection of the phase difference of ultrasonic waves due to the perturbations caused by the respiratory air flow. The user is required to put the uniquely designed blow pipe in the mouth and breath normally through it. The phase detector circuitry tracks the phase change and thus yields the respiratory flow rate. Eventually various parameters are computed from the acquired breathing pattern, which can lead to respiratory system assessment.
<title>Core atoms and the spectra of scale</title> (1997)

Our purpose is to characterize figures in medical images as a first step toward finding and measuring anatomical structures. FOr clinical use, we require complete automation and reasonably short computation times. We do not require that a sharp boundary be determined, only that the structure be identified and measurements taken of its size and shape. Our method involves the detection and linking of locations within an image that possess high 'medialness', i.e. locations that are equidistant from two opposing boundaries. The method produces populations of core atoms, each core atom consisting of a center point and the two associated boundary points. We can cluster core atoms by the proximity of their centers and by the similarity of their size. We generate statistical signatures of clusters to identify the underlying figure. In particular, we compute three spectra vs. scale for a cluster, including (1) magnitude: the number of core atoms, (2) eccentricity: their aggregate directional asymmetry, and (3) orientation: their aggregate direction. We illustrate the production of these spectra for various graphical test images, demonstrating translational, rotational, and scale invariance of the spectra, as well as specificity between targets. We observe the effects of image noise on the spectra and show how clustering reduces these effects. Early results suggest that the scale spectra of core atoms provide an efficient and robust method for identifying figures, suitable for practical application in medical image analysis.
Integrated piezoelectrically driven acousto-optic modulator (2015)

This paper presents a new type of acousto-optic modulator based on the conjunction of a piezoelectric contour mode resonator (CMR) with a photonic whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR). The monolithic device fabricated in aluminum nitride (AlN) exhibits the coupling of piezoelectrically-generated lateral vibrations into a traveling-wave photonic ring resonator in a fully-integrated platform with electrodes directly patterned on the CMR body. We demonstrate the optical sensing of a piezoelectrically actuated mechanical mode at 654 MHz, enabling new possibilities for MEMS-based RF-photonics applications or new degrees of control of phonon-photon interactions in the field of optomechanics.
Allogeneic T cell activation triggering by MHC class I antigens. (1988)

The role of MHC-encoded class I molecules in allogeneic activation and proliferation of human T lymphocytes was investigated. The study was performed by using primary mixed culture of lymphocytes from MHC recombinant siblings identical for MHC class II Ag (DR, DP, DQ) and displaying MHC class I disparity. The results indicate that such allogeneic combination is sufficient to trigger early activation steps within responder T cells without promoting a significant proliferation. After MHC class I allosensitization, a significant proportion of cells entered the cell cycle (G0----G1). The stimulatory potential of MHC class I Ag was further stressed by the specific induction on responder cells of IL-2R (22% T cell activation Ag positive). Under the same experimental conditions, transferrin receptor expression and IL-2 activity were not detectable. This is consistent with the low T cell proliferation. Exogenous rIL-1 did not improve IL-2 production and the subsequent T cell proliferation indicating that these two events were not associated with a defective accessory cell function involving IL-1 release. MHC class I disparity can also prime precursor CTL to differentiate into IL-2-dependent functional MHC restricted cytotoxic T cells. Conversely IFN-gamma had no effect. Addition to the culture of W6/32, a mAb specifically directed against a monomorphic determinant on human class I HLA-A, -B, and -C Ag was able to block all these activation events. These data clearly indicate a role of HLA class I Ag involvement in the early events triggering allogeneic T cell activation.
Packet-level diversity - from theory to practice (2006)

Packet-level diversity, or distributing packet transmissions over multiple, diverse channels, offers benefits in improving communication performance and robustness to channel variations. Previous works have analyzed and quantified those benefits, and developed transmission policies to realize them. However, translating those benefits into practice still faces numerous challenges from uncertainty in the adequacy of the channel models used to develop policies, to implementation dificulties in realizing the precise transmission schedules they mandate. This work is a first step in assessing what remains of those benefits once confronted with such practical challenges. Our investigation is carried out over an 802.11 testbed, where diversity is realized through the different frequency bands available for transmissions between hosts and access points. We use the testbed to evaluate the impact of transmission policies, channel characteristics, channel correlation, and various end-system constraints that affect our ability to precisely control transmissions timing. Our investigation reveals that in spite of the many gaps that exist between theory and practice, packet-level diversity still provides a simple solution to improve transmission performance and robustness across a broad range of configurations.
First-principles calculation of oxygen adsorption on Zr(0001) surface: Possible site occupation between the second and the third layer (1996)

The oxygen adsorption on the Zr(0001) surface is studied using first-principles total-energy and force calculations. We calculated the atomic structure, heat of adsorption, work function, and electronic structure for oxygen occupying various surface and subsurface sites for both the Zr(0001)-(1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)-O and Zr(0001)- (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)-O system. We found that the energetically most favorable occupation sites for oxygen are the octahedral sites between the second and the third layer. The change in the work function induced by oxygen adsorption depends strongly on the position of the adsorbed oxygen atoms and the calculated change of work function at the energetically most favorable site is consistent with previous experiments. A large difference in the electronic structure between the overlayer and subsurface adsorption is also found. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Clinical Utility Of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Viral Load Determination For Predicting CMV Disease In Liver Transplant Recipients (1999)

477 Background: The early detection of CMV infection after liver transplantation may form the basis of a pre-emptive strategy for prevention of active CMV disease. Methods: We prospectively analyzed the clinical utility of weekly quantitative PCR-based plasma viral load determinations and the antigenemia assay for predicting the development of active CMV disease in 97 consecutive liver transplant recipients. Results: CMV disease occurred in 21/97 (21.6%) patients. Using a positive cutoff of > 0 copies per/ml plasma, PCR had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity 47.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) 34.4%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 100% for prediction of CMV disease. Respective values for a positive antigenemia (> 0 positive cells per slide) were 95.2%, 55.3%, 37.0% and 97.7%. Different cut-off points for a positive test were analyzed using receiver-operating characteristic curves. The optimal cut-off for viral load for predicting subsequent CMV disease was in the range of 2000-5000 copies per/ml (sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 86.8%, PPV 64.3%, NPV 95.7% for > 5000 copies/ml). The optimal cut-off for antigenemia was in the range of 4-6 positive cells/slide. Mean peak viral load in symptomatic patients was 73715 copies per/ml vs. 3615 copies per/ml in patients with asymptomatic CMV reactivation (p<0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis of risk factors for CMV disease (CMV serostatus, acute rejection, and induction immunosuppression), peak viral load and peak antigenemia emerged as the only significant risk factors for subsequent development of CMV disease (for PCR, OR=1.40 per 1000 copy/ml increase in viral load, p=0.0001; for antigenemia OR=1.16 per 1 positive cell/slide; p=0.007). Conclusions: Plasma viral load by quantitative PCR is a useful test for predicting CMV disease, is at least as sensitive and specific as antigenemia, and could be employed in a pre-emptive strategy.
Sustaining the Si revolution: challenges and opportunities (2004)

Continual advances in planar process technology enabled MOSFET gate lengths to reach below 100 nm in integrated circuits produced at the turn of the century, and will likely support MOSFET scaling into the sub-10 nm regime within the next 10 years. Gains in circuit performance will not be as straightforward to achieve as had been in the past, however, due to fundamental issues such as statistical dopant fluctuations, parasitic resistance and capacitance, and carrier velocity limits. This paper will first describe how these issues can be mitigated to allow transistor scaling to reach the quantum-mechanical limit. It will then discuss alternative approaches to achieving gains in system performance and cost as the era of transistor scaling draws to a close. Opportunities for research will be described.
Concise Preparation of Amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinolines and Amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroisoquinolines via Catalytic Hydrogenation of Acetamidoquinolines and Acetamidoisoquinolines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Contribution à l'étude du système quinaire Ca++NH4+H+NO3−PO4−−−H2O. IX. Les solutions simultanément saturées à 25° de phosphate monocalcique et de phosphate monoammonique (1953)

Abstract 1° Dans un système quinaire, les solutions simultanément saturées, à une température donnée, de deux phases solides distinctes sont représentées par deux diagrammes tridimensionnels. En projetant des lignes de niveau de ces deux diagrammes sur un même plan, on obtient un diagramme de solubilité qui permet d'établir par interpolation la composition de toute solution saturée de ces deux phases solides, si 2 coordonnées de la solution sont données.
The potential role of innate lymphoid cells in non-allergic neutrophilic asthma model (2022)

<b>Background:</b> It is still puzzling what drives inflammation and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in non-allergic asthma with underlying neutrophilic inflammation. Recently, a pathogenic role for the innate lymphoid cells (ILC) has been proposed. <b>Objective:</b> To develop a murine model for non-allergic neutrophilic asthma and to investigate the role of ILC in this model. <b>Methods:</b> BALB/c, IL-17A<sup>−/−</sup>, SCID and Rag2<sup>−/−</sup>&nbsp;γC<sup>−/−</sup> mice were endonasally challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 2μg) on four consecutive days. On day 5, AHR to methacholine was assessed with the FlexiVent (Scireq). Airway inflammation was studied by analysis of BAL fluid. Cytokine levels and ILC subpopulations were determined in lung tissue. Neutrophils were depleted with an anti-Ly6G mAb (250 μg) injected intraperitoneally 24 hours before the first application with LPS and on day 2 and 4. <b>Results:</b> Endonasal application of low dose LPS in BALB/c mice led to AHR, BAL neutrophilia, and a significant increase in lung ILC3 as well as a significant increase in lung keratinocytes-derived chemokine (KC), MIP-2 and cytokines IL-1β, IL-17A, IL-22 and TNF. Similar experiments in SCID mice (lacking T and B cells) and in Rag2<sup>−/−</sup>&nbsp;γC<sup>−/−</sup> mice (also lacking ILC) showed that the innate immune system plays a key role in the induction of AHR in this model and that induction of AHR is abrogated in the absence of ILC. Adoptive transfer of ILC in Rag2<sup>−/−</sup> γC<sup>−/−</sup> mice restored AHR in this model. IL-17A nor neutrophils contributed to LPS-induced AHR. <b>Conclusion:</b> A murine model for neutrophilic asthma was developed revealing a key role of the innate immune system in non-allergic asthma and an essential contribution of ILC to AHR induction.
Proceedings of Graphics Interface 2009 (2009)

Welcome to Graphics Interface 2009. This annual conference, now in its 35th year, is devoted to computer graphics, human-computer interaction, and visualization. Graphics Interface occupies a unique niche among conferences in that it seeks to both combine and bridge research topics in and across these areas. Beginning in 1969 as the Canadian Man-Computer Communications Seminar (CMCCS), it is the oldest regularly scheduled computer graphics and human-computer interaction conference. This year, Graphics Interface was held 25-27 May 2009 in Kelowna, British Columbia.

We received a total of 77 submissions, of which we accepted 28 regular papers and 4 notes (4-page papers). The final program is balanced between HCI and computer graphics, with both tracks seeing similar acceptance rates: 44% for the HCI track, and 41% for the graphics track