gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) Antagonism by Soluble IL-6 Receptor Mutated in the Predicted gp130-binding Interface (1995)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) triggers the formation of a high affinity receptor complex constituted by the ligand-binding subunit IL-6 receptor alpha (IL-6R alpha) and the signal-transducing beta chain gp130. Since the cytoplasmic region of IL-6R alpha is not required for signal transduction, soluble forms of IL-6R alpha (sIL-6R alpha) show agonistic properties because they are still able to originate IL-6.sIL-6R alpha complexes, which in turn associate with gp130. A three-dimensional model of the human IL-6.IL-6R alpha.gp130 complex has been constructed and verified by site-directed mutagenesis of regions in shIL-6R alpha (where "h" is human) anticipated to contact hgp130, with the final goal of generating receptor variants with antagonistic properties. In good agreement with our structural model, substitutions at Asn-230, His-280, and Asp-281 selectively impaired the capability of shIL-6R alpha to associate with hgp130 both in vitro and on the cell surface, without affecting its affinity for hIL-6. Moreover, the multiple substitution mutant A228D/N230D/H280S/D281V expressed as a soluble protein partially antagonized hIL-6 bioactivity on hepatoma cells.
Eliminating redundant DC equations for asymptotic waveform evaluation (1994)

Asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) is a waveform estimation technique which involves the computation of moments from a linear circuit followed by the generation of waveform estimates based on those moments. During moment computation a special case arises if there are capacitor cutsets or inductor loops. Methods proposed for handling these cases involve identifying the cutsets and loops and replacing one of the capacitors (inductors) with a dependent source. This note describes a different formulation of the problem. The elimination of redundant equations in order to compute moments can be viewed as the dual of the problem of reducing circuit equations to normal form. This formulation has a couple of interesting theoretical properties: (1) it formally handles all circuit topologies, including circuits with dependent sources for which the redundancies may be undetectable from an inspection of the circuit topology; and (2) it predicts that even networks without independent sources may have "hidden" particular solutions consisting of polynomials in t.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multi-finger flexible graphene field effect transistors with high bendability (2012)

Highly bendable graphene field-effect transistors are fabricated on polyimide films. The device offers robust performance against various conditions including immersion in liquids, and dynamic loading tests, which are hazardous to conventional electronics. Bendability of the sample is tested with the bending radius of down to 1.3 mm; the devices remain fully functional with less than 8.7% reduction and no reduction in the electron and hole mobility after repeated bending tests, respectively. Multi-finger electrodes are implemented on flexible substrates to enhance its current drive. Silicon-nitride passivation offers efficient chemical protection over diverse liquids and robust mechanical protection against impacts.
ChemInform Abstract: A Noble‐Metalate Bowl: The Polyoxo‐6‐vanado(V)‐7‐palladate(II) [Pd7V6O24(OH)2]6‐. (2010)

Abstract The new polyoxometalate (IV) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /n with Z = 4 (single crystal XRD).
Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Evaluation of Treatment Response (2004)

Abstract Rodent cancer models have become indispensable in the discovery and assessment of new anticancer agents. These models allow for easy quantitation of tumor growth and treatment response monitoring using caliper measurements of tumor volume. It is essential to use noninvasive imaging to facilitate the evaluation of the responsiveness of orthotopic tumors in preclinical therapeutic studies. We provide some examples and strategies for using imaging to quantitate the treatment response of orthotopically located tumors in rodent preclinical trials.
Balancing is the key: Performing finger vein template protection using fuzzy commitment (2015)

We propose a novel vein extraction technique adapted to template protection and use it to apply a fuzzy commitment scheme. We construct dedicated error correcting codes that enable us to maintain a good accuracy after template protection. In a second application, we offer to overcome the alignment issues when comparing two vein templates by performing this step outside of the protection scheme. Different implementations are proposed to explore trade-offs between False Rejection Rate, False Acceptance Rate, comparison time and security. All approaches are tested on the recent database of University of Twente from ICB 2013. Our biometric performances are close to state of the art approaches whilst bringing security with the template protection scheme.
Second-Harmonic Generation from Thermally Poled Mixed Alkali Silicate Glasses Containing Various Alkaline-Earth Oxides (2000)

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) was observed from thermally poled alkaline earth containing mixed alkali silicate glasses. Since no SHG could be observed in alkaline-earth oxide-free glasses, it was considered that alkaline-earth oxide played a significant role in the generation. The intensity of SHG increased with the time and applied voltage of poling. However, no oscillation fringe pattern was observed even in the glasses poled most intensively in the present work, at 3 kV for 6 h, which indicates that the poled layer is limited near the surface area and thinner than the coherent length. On the basis of IR reflection spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) data, the SHG was related to the positive ion depletion immediately beneath the glass surface on the anode side. From the finding that the migration of cations or ion depletion on the anode side was larger in the glass containing larger alkaline-earth ions, it was considered that the large migration reduced the space charge gradient and resulted in a lower SHG intensity.
A Bioinorganic Approach to Fragment-Based Drug Discovery Targeting Metalloenzymes (2017)

Metal-dependent enzymes (i.e., metalloenzymes) make up a large fraction of all enzymes and are critically important in a wide range of biological processes, including DNA modification, protein homeostasis, antibiotic resistance, and many others. Consequently, metalloenzymes represent a vast and largely untapped space for drug development. The discovery of effective therapeutics that target metalloenzymes lies squarely at the interface of bioinorganic and medicinal chemistry and requires expertise, methods, and strategies from both fields to mount an effective campaign. In this Account, our research program that brings together the principles and methods of bioinorganic and medicinal chemistry are described, in an effort to bridge the gap between these fields and address an important class of medicinal targets. Fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) is an important drug discovery approach that is particularly well suited for metalloenzyme inhibitor development. FBDD uses relatively small but diverse chemical structures that allow for the assembly of privileged molecular collections that focus on a specific feature of the target enzyme. For metalloenzyme inhibition, the specific feature is rather obvious, namely, a metal-dependent active site. Surprisingly, prior to our work, the exploration of diverse molecular fragments for binding the metal active sites of metalloenzymes was largely unexplored. By assembling a modest library of metal-binding pharmacophores (MBPs), we have been able to find lead hits for many metalloenzymes and, from these hits, develop inhibitors that act via novel mechanisms of action. A specific case study on the use of this strategy to identify a first-in-class inhibitor of zinc-dependent Rpn11 (a component of the proteasome) is highlighted. The application of FBDD for the development of metalloenzyme inhibitors has raised several other compelling questions, such as how the metalloenzyme active site influences the coordination chemistry of bound fragments, how one can identify the best fragments for a given metalloenzyme, and many others. Among the most significant, and concerning, questions for metalloenzyme inhibition are those that reside around issues of specificity and whether metalloenzyme inhibitors can be as selective and specific as other small molecule inhibitors (i.e., compounds that inhibit enzymes that do not utilize a metal at their active site). This also leads to the question of whether metalloenzyme inhibitors might interfere more broadly with the metallome. Efforts to address these and related questions are discussed, with the expectation that our findings will illuminate some of these topics, alleviate some of these concerns, and encourage greater interest in this important, undervalued class of drug targets.
Distributed Coding of Quantized Random Projections (2020)

In this paper we propose a new framework for distributed source coding of structured sources, such as sparse signals. Our framework capitalizes on recent advances in the theory of linear inverse problems and signal representations using incoherent projections. Our approach acquires and quantizes incoherent linear measurements of the signal, which are represented as separate bitplanes. Each bitplane is coded using a distributed source code of the appropriate rate, and transmitted. The decoder, starts from the least significant biplane and, using a prediction of the signal as side information, iteratively recovers each bitplane based on the source prediction and the signal, assuming all the previous bitplanes of lower significance have already been recovered. We provide theoretical results guiding the rate selection, relying only on the least squares prediction error of the source. This is in contrast to existing approaches which rely on difficult-to-estimate information-theoretic metrics to set the rate. We validate our approach using simulations on remote-sensing multispectral images, comparing them with existing approaches of similar complexity.
Ultrahigh-velocity resolution imaging of the microcirculation in-vivo using color Doppler optical coherence tomography (2001)

Color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT) is a method for noninvasive cross-sectional imaging of blood flow in vivo. In previous implementations, velocity estimates were obtained by measuring the frequency shift of discrete depth-resolved backscatter spectra, resulting in a velocity resolution on the order of 1 mm/s. We present a novel processing method that detects Doppler shifts calculated across sequential axial scans, enabling ultrahigh velocity resolution (~1 micron/s) flow measurement in scattering media. This method of sequential scan processing was calibrated with a moving mirror mounted on a precision motorized translator. Latex microspheres suspended in deuterium oxide were used as a highly scattering test phantom. Laminar flow profiles down to ~15 micron/s centerline velocity (0.02 cc/hr) were observed with a sensitivity of 1.2 micron/s. Finally, vessels on the order of 10 microns in diameter were imaged in living human skin, with a relative frequency sensitivity less than 4 x 10<SUP>-5</SUP>. To our knowledge, these results are the lowest velocities ever measured with CDOCT.
Electromagnetic Shock Absorbers for Automotive Suspensions: Electromechanical Design (2006)

This article illustrates the modeling and design of electromechanical shock absorbers for automotive applications. Relative to the commonly used hydraulic shock absorbers, electromechanical ones are based on the use of linear or rotative electric motors. If electric motor is of the DC-brushless type, the shock absorber can be devised by shunting its electric terminals with a resistive load. The damping force can be modified by acting on the added resistance. An integrated design procedure of the electrical and mechanical parameters is presented in the article. The dynamic performance that can be obtained by a vehicle with electromechanical dampers is verified on a quarter car model.
Functional analysis of iceA1, a CATG-recognizing restriction endonuclease gene in Helicobacter pylori (2002)

iceA1 in Helicobacter pylori is a homolog of nlaIIIR, which encodes the CATG-specific restriction endonuclease NlaIII in Neisseria lactamica. Analysis of iceA1 sequences from 49 H.pylori strains shows that a full-length NlaIII-like ORF is present in 10 strains, including CH4, but in other strains, including strain 60190, the ORFs are truncated due to a variety of mutations. Our goal was to determine whether iceA1 can encode a NlaIII-like endonuclease. Overexpression in Escherichia coli of iceA1 from CH4, but not from 60190, yielded NlaIII-like activity, indicating that the full-length iceA1 is a functional endonuclease gene. Repair of the iceA1 frameshift mutation in strain 60190 and its expression in E.coli yielded functional NlaIII-like activity. We conclude that iceA1 in CH4 is a functional restriction endonuclease gene, while iceA1 in 60190 is not, due to a frameshift mutation, but that its repair restores its restriction endonuclease activity.
Effect of ozone pretreatment on low temperature CO oxidation catalysts (2005)

Titanium dioxide supported gold catalysts exhibit excellent activity for CO oxidation even at temperatures as low as 90 K [1]. The key is the high dispersion of the nanostructured gold particles over the semiconducting TiO2 support. The potential applications of ambient temperature CO oxidation catalysts include air purifier, gas sensor and fuel cell [2]. This work investigates the effects of ozone pretreatment on the performance of Au/TiO2 for CO oxidation.
Nanoscale PtSi Tips for Conducting Probe Technologies (2008)

A method to improve the conduction and wear properties of nanometric conducting tips by forming silicides of Pt at the tip apex is presented. Tips with PtSi apexes are fabricated in conjunction with standard Si tips. Wear measurements are carried out on both tip types of similar geometries, and a one-on-one comparison between Si and PtSi at the nanoscale is shown for the first time. Both the wear properties on tetrahedral amorphous carbon and the conduction on Au of the PtSi tip apexes are shown to be superior to the Si tips.
Synthesis and SAR of Diazepine and Thiazepine TACE and MMP Inhibitors. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effect of Secondary transmission on Primary Pilot Carriers in Overlay Cognitive Radios (2013)

Cognitive radio aims to increase spectral efficiency by exploiting information about the environment and activity of other transmitters. It allows access to temporary and/or spatially unused TV spectrum, white space, or overlay on the TV transmission. In this paper we consider an overlay cognitive r
Glycan Positioning Impacts HIV-1 Env Glycan-Shield Density, Function, and Recognition by Antibodies (2020)

HIV-1 envelope (Env) N-glycosylation impact virus-cell entry and immune evasion. How each glycan interacts to shape the Env-protein-sugar complex and affects Env function is not well understood. Here, analysis of two Env variants from the same donor, with differing functional characteristics and N-glycosylation-site composition, revealed that changes to key N-glycosylation sites affected the Env structure at distant locations and had a ripple effect on Env-wide glycan processing, virus infectivity, antibody recognition, and virus neutralization. Specifically, the N262 glycan, although not in the CD4-binding site, modulated Env binding to the CD4 receptor, affected Env recognition by several glycan-dependent neutralizing antibodies, and altered site-specific glycosylation heterogeneity, with, for example, N448 displaying limited glycan processing. Molecular-dynamic simulations visualized differences in glycan density and how specific oligosaccharide positions can move to compensate for a glycan loss. This study demonstrates how changes in individual glycans can alter molecular dynamics, processing, and function of the Env-glycan shield.
Ultra-Long-Acting Antivirals as Chemical Vaccines to Prevent Viral Diseases (2022)

For two centuries, vaccines have been successful in the fight against viruses, triggering immune protection. Indeed, the elimination of smallpox, the only infectious disease eradicated to date, was made possible through vaccination. For measles, polio and hepatitis B, vaccines are available but significant challenges exist for universal coverage. For other viruses, such as HIV and hepatitis C, vaccines have remained elusive. Recent advances in medicinal chemistry have resulted in the production of antivirals that can extend activity for months. We envision the use of ultra-long-acting antivirals for the prevention of certain viral illnesses, halting either contagions or reactivations under immunosuppression. Such 'chemical vaccines' would fill an immediate need in providing protection when classic vaccines do not exist, responses are suboptimal, escape mutants emerge or immunity wanes.
Sequential monitoring of leprosy patients with serum antibody levels to phenolic glycolipid-I, a synthetic analog of phenolic glycolipid-I, and mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan. (1990)

Sequential serum samples from leprosy patients at various stages of antibacterial treatment were tested by an ELISA for antibodies to phenolic glycolipid I (PGL-I), a synthetic PGL-I analog (ND-BSA), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to determine if these antibodies could be useful in monitoring response to therapy. Among patients with positive initial anti-PGL-I IgM, a significant decrease in this antibody was seen over time (p less than 0.01), whether assayed by PGL-I or ND-BSA. The two antigens showed good agreement in the detection of decrease in anti-PGL-I IgM. The greatest decrease was seen in patients with a high initial anti-PGL-I IgM and a high bacterial index (BI). Patients with a declining BI were seen to have generally declining antibody levels to PGL-I and to LAM; in those patients with a fluctuating BI, antibody levels were less predictable. We conclude that antibodies to PGL-I and LAM can be useful in following response to therapy in leprosy patients and that either the native PGL-I or ND-BSA can serve as antigen for the ELISA.
Variable speed electric drive options for electric ships (2005)

Variable speed electric propulsion motors are operated from a variable frequency drive (VFD), which supplies power to motors at a frequency appropriate to the desired speed. These VFD's are normally very heavy and large in size. A variety of designs are commercially available but they have characteristics unsuitable for ship applications. The objective of this study was to evaluate various options for shipboard applications and to recommend designs that meet navy performance, weight and size constraints. It is possible to dramatically reduce the size and weight of the VFD by optimizing the VFD and the motor as a system, utilizing an optimal distribution voltage, eliminating distribution frequency transformers, and utilizing the weight and size reductions available with liquid cooling. Three systems were studied in detail: cycloconverters, series connected low voltage inverters, and multi-level medium voltage inverters using 6 kV class IGBT's or similar switching devices. On the basis of this evaluation, a multi-level diode-clamped pulse width modulated (PWM) drive topology is recommended for navy ships. A three phase distribution voltage of 6 to 9 kV RMS minimizes the number of series semiconductors and control complexities of the drive.
Ultrafast Diffraction Switching Using GaAs Metasurfaces. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
Multiresolution histograms and their use for recognition (2004)

The histogram of image intensities is used extensively for recognition and for retrieval of images and video from visual databases. A single image histogram, however, suffers from the inability to encode spatial image variation. An obvious way to extend this feature is to compute the histograms of multiple resolutions of an image to form a multiresolution histogram. The multiresolution histogram shares many desirable properties with the plain histogram including that they are both fast to compute, space efficient, invariant to rigid motions, and robust to noise. In addition, the multiresolution histogram directly encodes spatial information. We describe a simple yet novel matching algorithm based on the multiresolution histogram that uses the differences between histograms of consecutive image resolutions. We evaluate it against five widely used image features. We show that with our simple feature we achieve or exceed the performance obtained with more complicated features. Further, we show our algorithm to be the most efficient and robust.
A taste of Kandinsky: assessing the influence of the artistic visual presentation of food on the dining experience (2014)

Researchers have demonstrated that a variety of visual factors, such as the colour and balance of the elements on a plate, can influence a diner’s perception of, and response to, food. Here, we report on a study designed to assess whether placing the culinary elements of a dish in an art-inspired manner would modify the diner’s expectations and hence their experience of food. The dish, a salad, was arranged in one of three different presentations: One simply plated (with all of the elements of the salad tossed together), another with the elements arranged to look like one of Kandinsky’s paintings, and a third arrangement in which the elements were organized in a neat (but non-artistic) manner. The participants answered two questionnaires, one presented prior to and the other after eating the dish, to evaluate their expectations and actual sensory experience. Prior to consumption, the art-inspired presentation resulted in the food being considered as more artistic, more complex, and more liked than either of the other presentations. The participants were also willing to pay more for the Kandinsky-inspired plating. Interestingly, after consumption, the results revealed higher tastiness ratings for the art-inspired presentation. These results support the idea that presenting food in an aesthetically pleasing manner can enhance the experience of a dish. In particular, the use of artistic (visual) influences can enhance a diner’s rating of the flavour of a dish. These results are consistent with previous findings, suggesting that visual display of a food can influence both a person’s expectations and their subsequent experience of a dish, and with the common assumption that we eat with our eyes first.