gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of 2-Amino 7-Substituted Purines (1989)

Abstract The putative antiviral agent, (S)-2-amino-7-(2,3-dihydroxy-propyl) purine (1b), and its achiral analogue, 2-amino-7-(2-hydroxyethyl) purine (2), were synthesized by a procedure involving alkylation at N7 of guanosine followed by deribosylation and deoxygenation. Evidence for the stereochemical integrity of the former preparation was obtained from the X-ray diffraction structure of the novel tricyclic compound, (S)-6H, 7H, 8H-2-amino-7-hydroxy-[1,4] oxazepino [1,2,3-d, elpurine (17, obtained by a similar synthetic sequence. Compound (1a), a regioisomer of the known antiviral agent, (S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl) adenine ((S)-DHPA), was tested and found to be inactive in tissue culture against herpes virus type-2, rotavirus, poliovirus, and parainfluenza virus.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium and Gold—Palladium Catalysts for the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of radioactivity on stent‐graft incorporation after endovascular treatment of aneurysms: An animal study (2006)

Poor stent-graft (SG) incorporation into the vessel wall, following endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (EVAR), can lead to endoleaks and SG migration. Low-dose radiation can prevent aneurysm recurrence after coil embolization, and has been associated with a "paradoxical" increase in neointima formation after stenting in a few studies. It was hypothesized that in situ beta radiation emitted from SG could improve its incorporation by preventing the persistence of circulating channels between the implant and the vessel wall and increasing neointima formation around the SG. Phosphorus 32 ((32)P, 200 or 400 kBq per SG (n = 6 each)) was ion implanted on the external surface of balloon-expandable SGs. Twelve radioactive and six non-radioactive SGs were deployed in iliac arteries of nine Mongrel dogs. Neointima formation inside the graft and the persistence of circulating flow through an artificial groove created during the endovascular procedure were assessed by follow-up imaging and by blinded, computerized histomorphometric analysis after animal sacrifice at 3 months. Occlusion occurred in four radioactive SGs. A lesser number of patent grooves was observed along high-activity SGs than along control SGs (1/3 versus 4/4). No difference in neointima formation was observed in radioactive and non-radioactive SGs. Alteration of external graft surface was observed after ion implantation. Ion implantation of (32)P on SGs does not seem to be a viable strategy to improve incorporation and prevent type-I endoleak after EVAR.
Selective Parallel Interference Cancellation for Uplink Cyclic-prefix CDMA (2006)

Code division multiplex access with cyclic prefix (CP-CDMA) is regarded as one of the best candidates for the broadband wireless communication systems in the uplink. This paper proposes a selective parallel interference cancellation (SPIC) for uplink CP-CDMA. With less complexity and good resistance to near-far effect, the S-PIC can achieve better bit error rate(BER) performance than the conventional interference cancellation. Computer simulation demonstrates its effectiveness and conclusion is followed.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild and Convenient Oxidation of Aromatic Heterocyclic Primary Alcohols by 4‐Acetylamino‐2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxoammonium Perchlorate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fractal Analysis of Internal and Peripheral Textures of Small Peripheral Bronchogenic Carcinomas in Thin-section Computed Tomography: Comparison of Bronchioloalveolar Cell Carcinomas With Nonbronchioloalveolar Cell Carcinomas (2003)

The textures of BACs that reveal ground-glass opacities are more complicated than those of nonBACs. The FDs can differentiate between small localized BACs, which have a good prognosis, and nonBACs, which have a poor prognosis. Fractal analysis is promising for characterization of small peripheral pulmonary bronchogenic carcinomas based on radiographic features of HRCT images.
Differential lymphocyte activation induced by mammalian-derived Ebola virus-like particles in a post-exposure murine model. (52.23) (2010)

Abstract Ebola virus is a member of filoviradae, a family of negative single stranded RNA viruses which cause hemorrhagic fever with mortality rates of up to 90%. To date there is no approved treatment to combat this deadly disease. During studies in a murine model, it was found that Ebola virus-like particles (eVLP) provided sufficient protection when given 24 hours after Ebola virus exposure. However, a study determining the specific, in vivo eVLP activation of immune cell subsets during the course of infection has not been performed. Utilizing flow cytometry, lymphocytes within the draining lymph node of the eVLP vaccination site were compared to corresponding cells in unvaccinated mice. In preliminary studies, eVLP induced significantly different levels of B cell activation on day 7 of the infection. In day 7 eVLP vaccinated mice, activation was found to be significantly higher in the draining inguinal lymph node compared to the contra-lateral inguinal node. Future studies will attempt to expand upon the functional significance of this lymphocyte response, while also incorporating the role of macrophages and dendritic cells. This study better characterizes the local, in vivo, adaptive immune responses induced by eVLP in this post-exposure model of protection. By understanding the proper adaptive immune response to therapeutically protect against this virus, it may be possible to modulate future therapies to target these specific successful responses for further up regulation.
Prognostic significance of T‐cell–inflamed gene expression profile and PD‐L1 expression in patients with esophageal cancer (2021)

Neither GEP nor PD-L1 expression was a prognostic marker in Asian and non-Asian patients with EC.
Gallium-67 scanning in the evaluation of therapy of malignant tumors of the head and neck. (1977)

Gallium-67 scintigraphy was performed on 25 patients with a variety of malignant tumors of the head and neck in order to evaluate the susceptibility of the tumors to irradiation and chemotherapy before treatment and to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. If certain limitations are borne in mind, gallium scanning may prove a valuable tool in planning and evaluating therapy of malignant tumors.
Optimal Dispatch of Residential Photovoltaic Inverters Under Forecasting Uncertainties (2014)

Efforts to ensure reliable operation of existing low-voltage distribution systems with high photovoltaic (PV) generation have focused on the possibility of inverters providing ancillary services such as active power curtailment and reactive power compensation. Major benefits include the possibility of averting overvoltages, which may otherwise be experienced when PV generation exceeds the demand. This paper deals with ancillary service procurement in the face of solar irradiance forecasting errors. In particular, assuming that forecasted PV irradiance can be described by a random variable with known (empirical) distribution, the proposed uncertainty-aware optimal inverter dispatch (OID) framework indicates which inverters should provide ancillary services with a guaranteed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</i> risk level of PV generation surplus. To capture forecasting errors and strike a balance between risk of overvoltages and (re)active power reserves, the concept of conditional value-at-risk is advocated. Due to AC power balance equations and binary inverter selection variables, the formulated OID involves the solution of a nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear program. However, a computationally affordable convex relaxation is derived by leveraging sparsity-promoting regularization approaches and semidefinite relaxation techniques.
Dual‐Wave Acoustofluidic Centrifuge for Ultrafast Concentration of Nanoparticles and Extracellular Vesicles (2023)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are secreted nanostructures that play various roles in critical cancer processes. They operate as an intercellular communication system, transferring complex sets of biomolecules from cell to cell. The concentration of EVs is difficult to decipher, and there is an unmet technological need for improved (faster, simpler, and gentler) approaches to isolate EVs from complex matrices. Herein, an acoustofluidic concentration of extracellular vesicles (ACEV) is presented, based on a thin-film printed circuit board with interdigital electrodes mounted on a piezoelectric substrate. An angle of 120° is identified between the electrodes and the reference flat of the piezoelectric substrate for simultaneous generation of Rayleigh and shear horizontal waves. The dual waves create a complex acoustic field in a droplet, resulting in effective concentration of nanoparticles and EVs. The ACEV is able to concentrate 20 nm nanospheres within 105 s and four EV dilutions derived from the human prostate cancer (Du145) cell line in approximately 30 s. Cryo-electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of EV integrity. The ACEV device holds great potential to revolutionize investigations of EVs. Its faster, simpler, and gentler approach to EV isolation and concentration can save time and effort in phenotypic and functional studies of EVs.
Surface flashover and preflashover phenomena of solid dielectrics in vacuum (2002)

A lateral test structure with metalized film electrodes is shown to have distinct advantages over a conventional solid electrode structure for studying the HV characteristics of solid insulators in vacuum. The paper presents results of streak photography and spectral analysis of surface discharge luminosity, and of preflashover activity using time-coordinated current, luminosity, and imaging. The preflashover consisting of bursts of time-correlated current and light emission, is associated with randomly distributed emission spots on the surface. It is proposed that the above observations are related to charge trapping and detrapping processes at localized energy levels associated with insulator surface defects.
Single-mode fibers to single-mode waveguides coupling with minimum Fresnel back-reflection (1991)

Slantly polished fibers and waveguides coupling as a means for achieving both low optical power reflection and efficient power transmission is proposed. Return losses exceeding -70 dB can be obtained in fiber-to-Lithium Niobate waveguides operating at ) = 0.633 jm and ) = 1.3 pm by polishing the fiber at an angle of 6°. A phase matching condition between the propagation constants ,8 and the polishing angles in the fiber and the waveguide: fl(fiber)sincx(fiber) = fl(waveguide)sina(waveguide) must be fulifiled in order to enable efficient power coupling. Polishing angle tolerances of approximately lO are allowed for a maximum of 1 dB decrease in the coupling efficiency.
Aspects Regarding the Morphology of Trunk Skeleton from the Common Buzzard (Buteo Buteo) (2011)

Common buzzard is one of the most common birds found in the perimeter of airports in Romania, for his reason often can be involved in various incidents due to collision with the air frames. Identification of the bodies in such cases can be done quickly if we known the bone morphology, due to the fact that, often, the only elements that can be studied are the bones or bone fragments, eventually remains of feathers. The specimens used in this study were the cases found in cases Henri Coanda Airport – Bucharest. It was noticed the number of vertebrae of each region, the aspect of cranial and caudal terminal faces, morphology of spinal and transverse processes and how are joined beetwen them. There were made studies of the sutures beetwen synsacrum and the coxal bones. It was appreciated the sternum and ribs morphology and finally it was photographed the most representative aspects.
Human Polyomavirus Related to African Green Monkey Lymphotropic Polyomavirus (2011)

While studying the virome of the skin surface of a patient with a Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) by using unbiased, high-throughput sequencing, we identified a human polyomavirus nearly identical to human polyomavirus 9, a virus recently reported in blood and urine of renal transplantion patients and closely related to the African green monkey lymphotropic polyomavirus. Specific PCR analysis further identified this virus in 2/8 patients with MCC but in only 1/111 controls without MCC. This virus was shed for ≥20 months by the MCC index patient and was on the skin of the spouse of the index patient. These results provide information on the viral ecology of human skin and raise new questions regarding the pathology of virus-associated skin disorders.
Synthesis and evaluation of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran analogs of the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane: drug discrimination studies in rats (1986)

Two analogues, 6-(2-aminopropyl)-5-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran and 6-(2-aminopropyl)-5-methoxy-2-methyl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran, of the hallucinogenic agent 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylphenyl)-2-aminopropane (DOM) were synthesized and tested in the two-lever drug discrimination paradigm. In rats trained to discriminate saline from LSD tartrate (0.08 mg/kg), stimulus generalization occurred to both of the 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran analogues but at doses more than 10-fold higher than for DOM. A possible explanation for this dramatic attenuation of LSD-like activity could involve a highly directional electrophilic binding site on the receptor that cannot accept the orientation of the unshared electron pairs on the heterocyclic oxygen atom in the benzofurans.
Radiofrequency catheter ablation of atriofascicular and nodoventricular Mahaim tracts. (1994)

Mahaim tachycardia can be due to atriofascicular pathways, which may be ablated over the right tricuspid annulus, or to septal pathways, which may arise from the slow atrioventricular nodal pathway in patients with dual atrioventricular nodal physiology. In the latter circumstance, successful ablation is achieved by placing the lesion in the midseptal region.
Role of self carriers in the immune response and tolerance. X. A lymphoid dendritic-like tumor, P388AD.2, acts as a novel immunogenic carrier for hapten. (1986)

Hapten-modified spleen cells, peritoneal exudate cells, and certain lymphoid tumors preferentially induce specific tolerance after i.v. administration. In contrast to these tolerogenic carrier cells, we found that a haptenated lymphoid dendritic-like tumor, P388AD.2, acts as a potent immunogen after i.v. injection. The immunogenicity of P388AD.2 was analyzed by measuring the specific augmentation of plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses when spleen cells from mice previously injected with haptenated tumor cells were challenged in vitro with thymus-independent antigens. Optimal immunization was found to be dependent on cell dose and hapten concentrations. Further studies indicated that P388AD.2 elicited a response which was T cell-dependent and which involved both the so-called Lyb-3,5,7- and Lyb-3,5,7+ B cell populations. Injection of haptenated tumor into different mouse strains suggested that H-2 compatibility was required to prime B cells in vivo, although significant augmentation could also be achieved in allogeneic C57B1/6J mice. The enhanced PFC responses elicited in H-2b mice could not be explained by allo-recognition of class I or II MHC determinants. In toto, these results suggest that P388AD.2 acts as a unique accessory cell for the presentation of hapten-modified self.
630. A Phase 2 Randomized Study of GM-CSF Gene-Modified Autologous Tumor Cell Immunotherapy (CG8123) with and without Low- Dose Cyclophosphamide in Advanced Stage Non- Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) (2006)

A previous trial of autologous GVAX® immunotherapy for lung cancer in NSCLC yielded successful product manufacturing in 81% of patients enrolled and demonstrated complete tumor responses in 3 of 33 advanced stage patients treated (Nemunaitis, JNCI 2004;96:326–31). A novel closed cell processing system was developed which shortens the process time to one day. We initiated a phase 2 trial with this modified manufacturing process in stage IIIB/IV NSCLC. Patients with successful product manufacturing were randomized to immunotherapy alone (every 2 wks × 5; cohort A) vs. immunotherapy plus immunomodulatory doses of cyclophosphamide (Cy) (250mg/m2 one day prior to treatments 1, 3, and 5; cohort B). As of June 2005, 101 patients had undergone tumor harvest. The success rate of vaccine manufacturing for tumors processed was 75% for solid tumors and 50% for pleural effusions. Fifty-two patients initiated immunotherapy treatment. One patient (cohort B) with adenocarcinoma histology had a near complete response in a 2 cm lung mass that remains without progression for > 2 years and 14 patients had stable disease. T cell immunophenotyping demonstrated an immunomodulatory effect of Cy on CD4+/CD25+ T cells, consistent with possible inhibition of regulatory T cells. Estimates of median overall survival was 5.4 months for the immunotherapy only arm and 9.5 months for Cy + immunotherapy (p = N.S.). The mortality rate within 30 days of tumor procurement was 9% due to disease progression or other causes. Most adverse events related to treatment were mild (grade 1 or 2) including injection site reactions, which were more common in cohort B, and flu-like symptoms. One patient with diffuse bronchioloalveolar carcinoma died due to a progressive pulmonary infiltrative process, possibly related to study treatment. Conclusion: Autologous GVAX immunotherapy for lung cancer manufactured in a novel, closed processing system demonstrated modest clinical activity in advanced lung cancer. Addition of low dose Cy to the immunotherapy regimen led to transient inhibition of CD4+/CD25+ T cells, a greater frequency of injection site reactions, and a trend toward longer survival.
Quantification of punctate iron sources using magnetic resonance phase (2009)

Iron-mediated tissue damage is present in cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases and neurotrauma. Brain microbleeds are often present in these maladies and are assuming increasing clinical importance. Because brain microbleeds present a source of pathologic iron to the brain, the noninvasive quantification of this iron pool is potentially valuable. Past efforts to quantify brain iron have focused on content estimation within distributed brain regions. In addition, conventional approaches using "magnitude" images have met significant limitations. In this study, a technique is presented to quantify the iron content of punctate samples using phase images. Samples are modeled as magnetic dipoles and phase shifts due to local dipole field perturbations are mathematically related to sample iron content and radius using easily recognized geometric features in phase images. Phantoms containing samples of a chitosan-ferric oxyhydroxide composite (which serves as a mimic for hemosiderin) were scanned with a susceptibility-weighted imaging sequence at 11.7 T. Plots relating sample iron content and radius to phase image features were compared to theoretical predictions. The primary result is the validation of the technique by the excellent agreement between theory and the iron content plot. This research is a potential first step toward quantification of punctate brain iron sources such as brain microbleeds.
Performance and Emission Results from a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine with Ducted Fuel Injection (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Ducted fuel injection (DFI) was tested for the first time in a heavy-duty diesel metal engine. It was implemented on a Caterpillar 2.5-liter single-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine fitted with a common rail fuel system and a Tier 4 final production piston. Engine tests consisted of single-injection timing sweeps at A100 and C100, where rail pressure and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) were also varied. A 6-hole fuel injector tip with 205 am orifices was used with a 130° spray angle and rail pressures up to 250 MPa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The ducts were 14 mm long, had a 2.5 mm inner diameter, and were placed 3.8 mm away from the orifice exits. The ducts were attached to a base, which in turn was attached to the cylinder head with bolts. Furthermore, alignment of the ducts and their corresponding fuel jets was accomplished.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The objectives of this study were to compare performance and emissions trade-off curves for DFI and conventional diesel combustion (CDC) at high load and evaluate whether DFI could be successfully retrofitted into a production-like combustion system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results suggest that a combustion system may need to be designed for DFI - retrofitting without base engine hardware modifications may not work. At these high load operating conditions DFI generally yielded increased PM emissions. Unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide also generally increased with DFI. Fuel consumption with DFI matched CDC at some injection timing locations, but generally increased. DFI generally performed better at retarded injection timing and higher rail pressures, possibly suggesting that DFI favors lower combustion temperatures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Computer simulation for the cooligomerization system (1972)

Abstract In order to clarify the kinetic features of the styrene (A)–methyl methacrylate (B)–CCl 4 (S) cooligomerization system, a computer simulation was carried out. The experimental data on the degree of polymerization and the deviation of the cooligomer composition from the statistical steady‐state composition were comparatively well explained by calculations based on the kinetic equations derived from the assumed reaction scheme and the values of the velocity coefficients, although the values of the four velocity coefficients in the initiation step and the velocity coefficient of the termination by the coupling of two solvent radicals were estimated. The results of the calculation of the rate of each component reaction show that the following two reactions are the most important in the initiation and in the transfer and termination steps when the [S]/([A] + [B]) ratio is large: where, A, A*, and P are styrene, polystyryl radical, and the cooligomer, respectively. Moreover, it was concluded that the deviation of the cooligomer composition from the statistical steady‐state composition was caused by these two reactions.
Coupling Reaction between Aldehydes and Non-Activated Hydrocarbons via the Reductive Radical-Polar Crossover Pathway (2020)

Herein, we describe the generation of an organochromium-type carbanion species from a non-activated C-H bond and its nucleophilic addition to aldehydes. The catalytic carbanion generation occurred through formal deprotonation of a non-activated C-H bond under mild conditions and did not need the prefunctionalization or anion stabilizing group. Carbon radical intermediates generated by decatungstate photocatalyst-mediated hydrogen abstraction were captured by a chromium salt with the reductive radical-polar crossover reaction to produce organochromium carbanions.