gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL IN SITU APPROACH FOR STUDYING THE HYPOTHALAMIC CONTROL OF HYPEROSMOLALITY INDUCED SYMPATHOEXCITATION (2006)

Several studies have shown that changes in plasma osmolality have an influence on the sympathetic nervous system, and that hypothalamic areas such as the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) play a significant role in these homeostatic adjustments. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the PVN in regulating sympathetic outflow in response to physiological hyperosmotic stimuli in a novel in situ decorticated arterially perfused preparation of rat. Rats (70–90g) were anaesthetised with halothane and decorticated, which included removal of the thalamus. The systemic osmotic stimulus was delivered by changing the perfusate (Ringer’s solution) from isotonic (290 mOsmol) to hypertonic (320 mOsmol) over 40s. This stimulus caused an increase in lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA; 29.3±5 %, n=10), which persisted until the isotonic perfusate was re‐introduced. Following ablation of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) hyperosmotic‐induced sympatho‐excitation was blunted in magnitude (11±3%, n=6). Bilateral PVN microinjections of either isoguvacine (60 nmol/60nl), for reversible inactivation, or blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors (kynurenic acid; 6 μmol/60nl) both attenuated the hypertonic‐induced increase in LSNA to 7±2% and 8±3%, respectively, from control (25±2%, n=5). In conclusion, we have demonstrated that the in situ preparation demonstrates appropriate responses to physiologically relevant osmolality changes as seen in vivo during acute salt‐loading. Moreover, the PVN plays a major role in hyperosmotic‐induced sympatho‐excitation. British Heart Foundation funded research
Transducer elements position calibration in a ring array USCT system (2015)

Development of Ultrasound Computed Tomography (USCT) transducer elements position calibration method was described. USCT experimental system having 1024 ring array transducer elements, diameter of 104mm, electronic High Voltage multiplexer circuits and commercially available ultrasound research platform was used. The result of applying the transducer elements position calibration to the received data, -6dB Tx / Rx beam width was 0.68mm for uncorrected, 0.20mm for corrected. Corrected value was almost same as simulated value. As a result, when reconstructing crosssectional images in the present experimental system, expected a precise image, not only reflection black-and-white images but also sound-of-speed transmission image would be reconstructed.
Magnetic Resonance-guided Prostate Interventions (2005)

We review our experience using an open 0.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) interventional unit to guide procedures in the prostate. This system allows access to the patient and real-time MR imaging simultaneously and has made it possible to perform prostate biopsy and brachytherapy under MR guidance. We review MR imaging of the prostate and its use in targeted therapy, and describe our use of image processing methods such as image registration to further facilitate precise targeting. We describe current developments with a robot assist system being developed to aid radioactive seed placement.
Mean-Squared Error Estimation for Linear Systems with Block Circulant Uncertainty (2007)

We consider the problem of estimating a vector ${\bf x}$ in the linear model ${\bf A}{\bf x} \approx {\bf y}$, where ${\bf A}$ is a block circulant (BC) matrix with N blocks and ${\bf x}$ is assumed to have a weighted norm bound. In the case where both ${\bf A}$ and ${\bf y}$ are subjected to noise, we propose a minimax mean-squared error (MSE) approach in which we seek the linear estimator that minimizes the worst-case MSE over a BC structured uncertainty region. For an arbitrary choice of weighting, we show that the minimax MSE estimator can be formulated as a solution to a semidefinite programming problem (SDP), which can be solved efficiently. For a Euclidean norm bound on ${\bf x}$, the SDP is reduced to a simple convex program with $N+1$ unknowns. Finally, we demonstrate through an image deblurring example the potential of the minimax MSE approach in comparison with other conventional methods.
Locating and tracking objects by efficient comparison of real and predicted synthetic video imagery (2008)

A mobile robot moving in an environment in which there are other moving objects and active agents, some of which may represent threats and some of which may represent collaborators, needs to be able to reason about the potential future behaviors of those objects and agents. In this paper we present an approach to tracking targets with complex behavior, leveraging a 3D simulation engine to generate predicted imagery and comparing that against real imagery. We introduce an approach to compare real and simulated imagery and present results using this approach to locate and track objects with complex behaviors. In this approach, the salient points in real and imaged images are identified and an affine image transformation that maps the real scene to the synthetic scene is generated. An image difference operation is developed that ensures that the matched points in both images produce a zero difference. In this way, synchronization differences are reduced and content differences enhanced. A number of image pairs are processed and presented to illustrate the approach.
Troxerutin-mediated C9 inhibition is a disease-modifying treatment for inflammatory arthritis. (2021)

Abstract Troxerutin (TXR) is a phytochemical reported to possess anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. In this study, we aimed to exploit anti-arthritic properties of TXR using an adjuvant induced arthritic (AIA) rat model. AIA induced rats showed highest arthritis score at disease onset and by oral administration of TXR (50, 100, 200 mg/kg body weight), reduced to basal level in a dose dependent manner. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitative (iTRAQ) proteomics tool was employed to identify deregulated joint homogenate proteins in AIA and TXR treated rats to decipher probable mechanism of the TXR action in arthritis. iTRAQ analysis identified a set of 434 joint homogenate proteins with 65 deregulated proteins (log 2 case/control ≥ 1.5) in AIA. Expressions of a set of important proteins (AAT, T-kininogen, vimentin, desmin, and nucleophosmin) that could classify AIA from healthy were validated using Western blot analysis. Western blot data corroborated proteomics findings. In silico protein-protein interaction study of joint homogenate proteome revealed that complement component 9 (C9), the major building blocks of the membrane attack complex (MAC) responsible for sterile inflammation, gets perturbed in AIA. Our dosimetry study suggests that a TXR dose of 200 mg/kg body weight for 15 days is sufficient to bring the arthritis score to basal levels in AIA rats. We have shown the importance of TXR as an anti-arthritis agent in AIA model and after additional investigation its arthritis ameliorating properties could be exploited for clinical usability.
Simulation of microoptics under inhomogeneous illumination: Sinusoidal Phase Grating under Gaussian Beam Illumination (2019)

Far field pattern generation is investigated for thick sinusoidal phase grating under a Gaussian beam illumination to obtain a high field of view. We compare the Fraunhofer approximation with the High-NA propagator and demonstrate that the Fraunhofer approximation is not valid for thick phase gratings.
Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment with Upstream Crosstalk Control in Passive Optical Network Coexistence (2022)

In the recent large scale deployment of 10 gigabit passive optical network (XG(S)-PON), upstream crosstalk was reported as a major cause of service degradation in some of the coexisting gigabit-capable passive optical network (GPON) optical network units (ONUs). Diagnosis results showed the crosstalk was from the strong side mode noise of some XG(S)-PON ONU transmitters. This paper proposes a crosstalk control mechanism using coordinated transmission in the coexisting PON upstream wavelengths. The proposal improves PON upstream dynamic bandwidth assignment (DBA) by taking the received upstream signal bit error rate (BER) into consideration. The crosstalk control is conducted by scheduling strong XG(S)-PON ONUs and weak GPON ONUs in non-overlapped timeslots for upstream transmission. Simulation results validate our proposal performance in upstream crosstalk control.
Broad-range survey of vector-borne pathogens and tick host identification of Ixodes ricinus from Southern Czech Republic (2017)

Ixodes ricinus ticks are vectors of numerous human and animal pathogens. They are host generalists able to feed on more than 300 vertebrate species. The prevalence of tick-borne pathogens is influenced by host-vector-pathogen interactions that results in spatial distribution of infection risk. Broad-range polymerase chain reaction electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) was used to analyze 435 I. ricinus nymphs from four localities in the south of the Czech Republic for the species identification of tick-borne pathogens. Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes were the most common pathogen detected in the ticks; 21% of ticks were positive for a single genospecies and 2% were co-infected with two genospecies. Other tick-borne pathogens detected included Rickettsia helvetica (3.9%), R. monacensis (0.2%), Anaplasma phagocytophilum (2.8%), Babesia venatorum (0.9%), and Ba. microti (0.5%). The vertebrate host of the ticks was determined using PCR followed by reverse line blot hybridization from the tick's blood-meal remnants. The host was identified for 61% of ticks. DNA of two hosts was detected in 16% of samples with successful host identification. The majority of ticks had fed on artiodactyls (50.7%) followed by rodents (28.6%) and birds (7.8%). Other host species were wild boar, deer, squirrels, field mice and voles.
Security Measures for Blockchain Technology (2022)

Blockchain technology’s popularity is increasing in the industry day by day because of its excellent features, which provide transparency, scalability, and immutability. Blockchain technology provides security by a chain of blocks, which are connected through cryptography. This chain of blocks makes it immutable because an alteration to a single block means an alteration in all blocks after that block, and the same must be done to all the chains of all the participants in the network (at least 51%). This alteration is very difficult because of the requirement of massive computational power. But the security of a blockchain is very much dependent on the technology that is adopted by the blockchain. Mainly, blockchain is private or public, with two different features related to joining the chain, validating transactions or mining the transactions or consensus mechanism. These differences in the features can affect the security of the data moving in the network. Some new security measures must be defined to tackle such issues so that the security concerns become infrastructure-independent. This chapter focuses on a brief overview of blockchain technology with its functioning approach, security issues, and countermeasure approaches.
Light limitation of photosynthesis and activation of ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase in wheat seedlings (1981)

In limiting light the activation of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuP(2)) carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxylyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39] in leaf extracts of 7- to 8-day-old wheat seedlings changed proportionally with the photosynthetic rate of the intact plants. Higher rates of photosynthesis, induced by increasing irradiances, were accompanied by an increase in activation of the leaf RuP(2) carboxylase, while RuP(2) levels remained unchanged. The degree of activation varied from 20% to 60% of full activation at irradiances of 225-1650 muE/m(2).s (photosynthetically active radiation; E = einstein, 1 mol of photons). Between 225 muE/m(2).s and darkness, activation approached 50% while RuP(2) levels dropped more than 90%. During steady-state photosynthesis, levels of the substrate RuP(2) were 250-300 nmol/mg of chlorophyll in the leaves and were similar at all irradiances above 225 muE/m(2).s (25% of light saturation). When velocities of the carboxylase in leaf extracts were corrected for CO(2) levels estimated to exist within the leaf, they compared favorably with the photosynthetic rates of the intact seedlings. Comparison of CO(2) exchange rate, RuP(2) level, and activation of the carboxylase indicates that light limitation of photosynthesis can be due to two factors: the availability of RuP(2) in dark to dim light and activation of the RuP(2) carboxylase in dim light and higher irradiances.
Additional file 1: Table S1. of Somatic retrotransposition is infrequent in glioblastomas (2016)

Sequencing information and statistics. (XLS 33Â kb)
3D coordination metal–organic frameworks of octacyanometalate bridging between Cu4 magnetic units (2008)

Magnetic Cu4 clusters with S = 2 are bridged by octacyanometaltate(IV) to form two 3D cluster arrays of metal-organic frameworks. Magnetic investigation shows the ferromagnetic coupling between Cu(II) ions and very weak antiferromagnetic interaction between clusters.
Periodic variations in the ratio of free to thylakoid-bound chloroplast ribosomes during the cell cycle of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. (1976)

The ratio of free to thylakoid-bound chloroplast ribosomes in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii undergoes periodic changes during the synchronous light-dark cycle. In the light, when there is an increase in the chlorophyll content and synthesis of thylakoid membrane proteins, about 20-30% of the chloroplast ribosomes are bound to the thylakoid membranes. On the other hand, only a few or no bound ribosomes are present in the dark when there is no increase in the chlorophyll content. The ribosome-membrane interaction depends not only on the developmental stage of the cell but also on light. Thus, bound ribosomes were converted to the free variety after cultures at 4 h in the light had been transferred to the dark for 10 min. Conversely, a larger number of chloroplast ribosomes became attached to the membranes after cultures at 4 h in the dark had been illuminated for 10 min. Under normal conditions, when there was slow cooling of the cultures during cell harvesting, chloroplast polysomal runoff occurred in vivo leading to low levels of thylakoid-bound ribosomes. This polysomal runoff could be arrested by either rapid cooling of the cells or the addition of chloramphenicol or erythromycin. Each of these treatments prevented polypeptide chain elongation on chloroplast ribosomes and thus allowed the polyosomes to remain bound to the thylakoids. Addition of lincomycin, an inhibitor of chain initiation on 70S ribosomes, inhibited the assembly of polysome-thylakoid membrane complex in the light. These results support a model in which initiation of mRNA translation begins in the chloroplast stroma, and the polysome subsequently becomes attached to the thylakoid membrane. Upon natural chain termination, the chloroplast ribosomes are released from the membrane into the stroma.
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: Part II: Applications in Characterization of Peptides and Proteins (1996)

In part I of this article, we discussed the theory and operational features of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Herein, we survey a few common applications of ESI-MS. The symbiotic relationship between biological chemists and mass spectrometrists has lead to rapid development of commercial ESI-MS systems and their utilization by an ever growing number of researchers. It is our hope in this article to answer the question: What do ESI-MS measurements tell researchers and how does this information assist their research?
Identification of SRSF10 as a regulator of SMN2 ISS‐N1 (2020)

Understanding the splicing code can be challenging as several splicing factors bind to many splicing-regulatory elements. The SMN1 and SMN2 silencer element ISS-N1 is the target of the antisense oligonucleotide drug, Spinraza, which is the treatment against spinal muscular atrophy. However, limited knowledge about the nature of the splicing factors that bind to ISS-N1 and inhibit splicing exists. It is likely that the effect of Spinraza comes from blocking binding of these factors, but so far, an unbiased characterization has not been performed and only members of the hnRNP A1/A2 family have been identified by Western blot analysis and nuclear magnetic resonance to bind to this silencer. Employing an MS/MS-based approach and surface plasmon resonance imaging, we show for the first time that splicing factor SRSF10 binds to ISS-N1. Furthermore, using splice-switching oligonucleotides we modulated the splicing of the SRSF10 isoforms generating either the long or the short protein isoform of SRSF10 to regulate endogenous SMN2 exon 7 inclusion. We demonstrate that the isoforms of SRSF10 regulate SMN1 and SMN2 splicing with different strength correlating with the length of their RS domain. Our results suggest that the ratio between the SRSF10 isoforms is important for splicing regulation.
Effective thermal conductivity of dry and liquid-saturated sintered fiber metal wicks (1970)

Dry and water-saturated sintered fiber metal wick thermal conductivity, obtaining semiempirical correlations for solid and fluid phases and void fraction
Will Next-Generation Immunotherapy Overcome the Intrinsic Diversity and Low Immunogenicity of Sarcomas to Improve Clinical Benefit? (2020)

Sarcomas are a rare type of a heterogeneous group of tumours arising from mesenchymal cells that form connective tissues. Surgery is the most common treatment for these tumours, but additional neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation therapies may be necessary. Unfortunately, a significant proportion of patients treated with conventional therapies will develop metastatic disease that is resistant to therapies. Currently, there is an urgent need to develop more effective and durable therapies for the treatment of sarcomas. In recent years immunotherapies have revolutionised the treatment of a variety of cancers by restoring patient anti-tumour immune responses or through the adoptive infusion of immune effectors able to kill and eliminate malignant cells. The clinicopathologic and genetic heterogeneity of sarcomas, together with the generally low burden of somatic mutations potentially generating neoantigens, are currently limited to broad application of immunotherapy for patients with sarcomas. Nevertheless, a better understanding of the microenvironmental factors hampering the efficacy of immunotherapy and the identification of new and suitable therapeutic targets may help to overcome current limitations. Moreover, the recent advances in the development of immunotherapies based on the direct exploitation or targeting of T cells and/or NK cells may offer new opportunities to improve the treatment of sarcomas, particularly those showing recurrence or resistance to standard of care treatments.
Bortezomib plus EPOCH is effective as frontline treatment in patients with plasmablastic lymphoma (2019)

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a rare and aggressive CD20‐negative lymphoma associated with poor outcomes. Multiple studies have shown median survival times of 12–18 months (Castillo et al, 2012; Schommers et al, 2013; Morscio et al, 2014). Several case reports and small case series have suggested an increased response rate in patients treated with bortezomib alone or in combination, especially the combination of bortezomib and dose‐adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin (V‐EPOCH) (Castillo et al, 2015a; Fedele et al, 2016). Due to its rarity, prospective studies exclusively in PBL patients are unlikely to be performed. We evaluated the potential therapeutic value of V‐EPOCH in patients with PBL.
Crystallographic Characterization of Helical Secondary Structures in 2:1 and 1:2 α/β-Peptides (2009)

Oligomers containing both alpha- and beta-amino acid residues ("alpha/beta-peptides") are intriguing as potential foldamers. A large set of alpha/beta-peptide backbones can be generated by combining alpha- and beta-amino acid residues in different patterns; however, most research to date has focused on the simplest pattern, 1:1 alpha:beta. We have begun to explore the range of variation that can be achieved with alpha-residue/beta-residue combinations by examining the folding behavior of oligomers that contain 2:1 and 1:2 alpha:beta patterns. The beta-residues in our systems have a five-membered-ring constraint (trans-2-aminocyclopentanecarboxylic acid (ACPC) residues), because these preorganized subunits strongly promote helical folding for 1:1 alpha:beta backbones and pure beta backbones. Previously we concluded that two helical conformations are available to 2:1 and 1:2 alpha/beta-peptides containing ACPC or analogously constrained beta-residues, one helix defined by i,i+3 CO...H-N backbone hydrogen bonds and the other defined by i,i+4 CO...H-N hydrogen bonds. These deductions were based on 2D NMR analysis of a 2:1 heptamer and a 1:2 hexamer in methanol. Crystallographic analysis of a pair of analogous nonpolar alpha/beta-peptides showed only the i,i+3 hydrogen-bonded helical conformations. We now report four new crystal structures of 2:1 alpha/beta-peptides, ranging in length from 5 to 11 residues, and six new crystal structures of 1:2 alpha/beta-peptides, ranging in length from 6 to 10 residues. All 10 of these new structures are fully helical, and all helices display the i,i+3 CO...H-N hydrogen bonding pattern. These crystallographic data sets, collectively, provide high structural definition for the i,i+3 hydrogen-bonded helical secondary structures available to these foldamer backbones.
2-Aminopyrimidine Derivatives Exhibiting Anion-π Interactions: A Combined Crystallographic and Theoretical Study (2009)

In this manuscript, we report the synthesis and the solid-state characterization of five new compounds based on the 2-aminopyrimidine building block. Some of them exhibit interesting anion-π interactions. In addition, we report a high level ab initio study of anion-π interactions involving 2-methylaminopyrimidine and its dimer. We demonstrate that these compounds are able to interact favorably with anions. The dimer of 2-methylaminopyrimidine interacts with the anion more strongly than the monomer due to cooperativity effects between the noncovalent hydrogen bonding and anion-π interactions. This pattern, that is, coexistence of hydrogen bonding and anion-π bonding, is observed experimentally in the solid state.