gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electroluminescence of Poly(phenylenevinylene)s Containing Triphenylamine Moieties in the Main Chain (2002)

A series of π-conjugated polymers alternatively involving m-phenylenevinylene or p-phenylenevinylene and a triphenylamine moiety in the main chain, poly(triphenylamine-alt-phenylenevinylene)s, were synthesized and their optical and electrolumienscent properties were studied. Single-layer light-emitting diodes based on each polymer showed a strong blue–yellow-green emission ascribed to their band gaps, and exhibited small turn on voltages and large current densities. The device containing poly(4-methyltriphenylamine-alt-p-phenylenevinylene) (MPA-pPV) displayed a high brightness (640 cd/m2 at 10 V). These results suggest that the polymers have a good charge transporting ability and an electroluminescent property.
The Life Cycle of Cutaneous T Cell Lymphoma Reveals Opportunities for Targeted Drug Therapy (2004)

The diverse clinical presentations of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) have been unified by immunologic characterization of the malignant T cells as an expansion of clonal, CD4+ inducer T cells with affinity for epidermal association with Langerhans cells (LC), an immature member of the dendritic cell (DC) family. Features of the life cycle of CTCL have recently been elucidated through development of an in vitro cell culture system. In this system, the proliferation and survival of the CTCL cells is tied to an association with immature monocyte-derived DC. Growth of the CTCL cells requires direct contact with the DC and both cell types survive in the presence of supportive cytokines for 3 months. Separation of the CTCL cells and the DC, or DC maturation truncates the synergy between the two cell populations and results in rapid death of both cell types. The CTCL cells perpetuate DC immaturity and survival through secretion of interleukin 10 (IL10) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). The immature DC are aggressively phagocytic and can engulf apoptotic CTCL cells that have exhausted their proliferative potential and present peptides derived from the apoptotic material in class II MHC molecules to the T cell receptor (TCR) of the CD4+ CTCL cell. CTCL cells are induced to become T-regulatory (Treg) cells when their TCR is triggered by DC class II presentation of peptides derived from apoptotic material. Treg CTCL cells suppress immune responses and secrete IL10 and TGF-beta, cytokines that perpetuate DC immaturity, providing continued opportunity for DC stimulation of CTCL cell growth. Understanding the CTCL cell life cycle unveils a variety of potential targets that can be exploited for therapeutic intervention.
The possible role of magma and geothermal fluid in the episodic uplift cycles and intense seismicity beneath the Svartsengi high temperature geothermal field, Iceland&#160; (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The highly productive high temperature geothermal fields in Iceland are located within active volcanic systems on the plate boundaries. When an earthquake swarm or an unusual surface uplift or subsidence occur, it is important to assess the hazards and whether the unrest is triggered or controlled by volcanic or anthropogenic processes, or a combination of both.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;On January 22nd, 2020, a rapid, large-scale uplift (14 km x 12 km) started at the Svartsengi geothermal field on the plate boundary of the Reykjanes Peninsula, along with an intense earthquake swarm that began simultaneously about 3 km east of the centre of uplift. The centre of uplift was located about 1 km west of Mt. Thorbj&amp;amp;#246;rn, in the middle of the Svartsengi geothermal field, close to the reinjection wells. Over a period of 6 months, three such uplift cycles occurred, each lasting for several weeks and followed by periods of relatively rapid subsidence. The duration and timing of the uplift-subsidence cycles appears to follow a clear trend where the successive inflation episodes lasted longer but with lower inflation rate.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The centres of uplift and the deflation cycles are the same and remained stationary. The accompanied intense earthquake swarms migrated along the 40 km long oblique plate boundary of the Reykjanes Peninsula, demonstrating a major plate tectonic event. The maximum depth of earthquakes was close to 4.5 km directly above the centre of uplift but extending to 6-7 km in the surroundings where the maximum magnitudes reached M&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;W&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; 4.8.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A few weeks after the onset of the unrest, nine additional seismic stations were deployed to densify the local seismic network in place. In addition, complimentary data from an existing 21 km long fibre optics cable were used to monitor high-frequency linear strain rates. Both measures led to a significant improvement in the earthquake detection and location which predominantly occurred in swarms. Likewise, InSAR data analysis of temporal uplift cycles was performed, repeated gravity measurements at permanent sites were performed, and resistivity was remeasured at chosen sites. &amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Multiple different elementary models were developed and tested to explain the cyclic excitation of the uplift, subsidence, and seismicity. While the individual unrest episodes might be controlled by possible magma intrusions into the lower crust, our favoured model explains the spatio-temporal pattern of ground uplift by the rise and diffusion of pore pressure in a 4-5 km deep geothermal aquifer. To distinguish between different models, we use multi-disciplinary geophysical datasets, such as deformation, seismicity, and gravity.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Dehydroxylation of glycerol on nickel-containing catalysts: A method of utilization of glycerol in biodiesel production (2010)

The catalytic dehydroxylation of glycerol in a flow mode was studied. This is one of the methods for utilization of excess glycerol accumulated during the production of biodiesel fuel. Raney nickel and Ni-Cr2O3 were used as catalysts. The possibility of glycerol dehydroxylation on Raney nickel and Ni-Cr2O3 catalysts in flow units was studied for the first time. The Raney catalyst showed higher activity in glycerol dehydroxylation compared with Ni-Cr2O3. At 220°C and 2 MPa, the conversion of glycerol and the yield of 1,2-propanediol was 88 and 35% on Raney nickel versus 16 and 6.5% on Ni-Cr2O3, respectively. The reaction under the given conditions, however, formed large amounts of by-products: ethylene glycol, simple alcohols, and methane. At pressures of H2 of over 2 MPa, the yield of the acetol by-product decreased considerably, ultimately increasing the efficiency of the process. The Raney catalyst can be used for the dehydroxylation of glycerol in flow units under relatively mild conditions (up to 240°C and 2 MPa).
Table S3 from MFF Regulation of Mitochondrial Cell Death Is a Therapeutic Target in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Clinico-pathological characteristics of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patient series used in this study (n=72)&lt;/p&gt;
Amplified Overhauser DNP with Selective Deuteration: Attenuation of Double-Quantum Cross-Relaxation (2022)

We recently used selective <sup>2</sup>H labeling of BDPA to investigate the Overhauser Effect (OE) dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) mechanism in insulating solids doped with 1,3-bis(diphenylene)-2-phenylallyl (BDPA), and established that the α and γ <sup>1</sup>H spins on the fluorene rings are responsible for generating a zero quantum (ZQ) mediated <i>positive</i> bulk polarization. Here, we establish that the phenyl <sup>1</sup>H spins relax via double-quantum (DQ) processes and therefore contribute <i>negative</i> enhancements which attenuate the OE-DNP. With measurements at different magnetic field strengths, we show that phenyl-<i>d</i><sub>5</sub>-BDPA offers >50% improvement in OE-DNP enhancement compared to <i>h</i><sub>21</sub>-BDPA attaining a maximum of ∼90 at 14.1 T and 5 kHz MAS, the highest observed OE-DNP enhancement to date under these conditions. The approach may be utilized to optimize other polarizing agents exhibiting an OE, an important DNP mechanism with a favorable field and spinning frequency dependence.
A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Repeated Dose, Dose-Response Evaluation of Controlled-Release (CR) Oxycodone in Patients with Osteoarthritis (1996)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 59, 129–129; doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.1996.17
Automatically Deriving Structured Knowledge Bases From On-Line Dictionaries (1993)

We propose combining dictionary-based and example-based natural language (NL) processing techniques in a framework that we believe will provide substantive enhancements to NL analysis systems. The centerpiece of this framework is a relatively large-scale lexical knowledge base that we have constructed automatically from an online version of Longman’s Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), and that is currently used in our NL analysis system to direct phrasal attachments. After discussing the effective use of example-based processing in hybrid NL systems, we compare recent dictionary-based and example-based work, and identify the aspects of this work that are included in the proposed framework. We then describe the methods employed in automatically creating our lexical knowledge base from LDOCE, and its current and planned use as a large-scale example base in our NL analysis system. This knowledge base is structured as a highly interconnected network of words linked by semantic relations such as is_a, has_part, location_of, typical_object, and is_for. We claim that within the proposed hybrid framework, it provides a uniquely rich source of information for use during NL analysis.
Awareness and attitude toward using dental magnification among dental students and residents at King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Dentistry (2016)

Among our respondents, most of the undergraduate students did not use dental magnification nor attended courses in the use of dental magnifications. However, most of the students were aware of its significance in improving the accuracy and quality of their work.
Transcriptional Activation by Yeast GCN4, a Functional Homolog to the jun Oncoprotein (1988)

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the 50–100 genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis are regulated coordinately (see Fig. 1) (for review, see Hinnebusch 1986). Under normal growth conditions, these genes are transcribed at a basal level that is typical for yeast genes in general, approximately 1–2 mRNA molecules per cell (Struhl and Davis 1981). However, when yeast cells are starved for amino acids, they respond by inducing the transcription of all the coregulated genes by a factor of 3–5. The starvation response can be elicited by metabolic poisons or by mutations that inhibit the synthesis of any single amino acid or the level of tRNA charging. This general control mechanism differs from the situation in Escherichia coli, where regulation occurs at the level of individual biosynthetic pathways.
Understanding Li‐Ion Dynamics in Lithium Hydroxychloride (Li2OHCl) Solid State Electrolyte via Addressing the Role of Protons (2020)

Abstract Low‐melting‐point solid‐state electrolytes (SSE) are critically important for low‐cost manufacturing of all‐solid‐state batteries. Lithium hydroxychloride (Li 2 OHCl) is a promising material within the SSE domain due to its low melting point (mp &lt; 300 °C), cheap ingredients (Li, H, O, and Cl), and rapid synthesis. Another unique feature of this compound is the presence of Li vacancies and rotating hydroxyl groups which promote Li‐ion diffusion, yet the role of the protons in the ion transport remains poorly understood. To examine lithium and proton dynamics, a set of solid‐state NMR experiments are conducted, such as magic‐angle spinning 7 Li NMR, static 7 Li and 1 H NMR, and spin‐lattice T 1 ( 7 Li)/ T 1 ( 1 H) relaxation experiments. It is determined that only Li + contributes to long‐range ion transport, while H + dynamics is constrained to an incomplete isotropic rotation of the OH group. The results uncover detailed mechanistic understanding of the ion transport in Li 2 OHCl. It is shown that two distinct phases of ionic motions appear at low and elevated temperatures, and that the rotation of the OH group controls Li + and H + dynamics in both phases. The model based on the NMR experiments is fully consistent with crystallographic information, ionic conductivity measurements, and Born–Oppenheimer molecular dynamic simulations.
Extending the quadratic taxonomy of regularizers for nonparametric registration (2010)

Quadratic regularizers are used in nonparametric registration to ensure that the registration problem is well posed and to yield solutions that exhibit certain types of smoothness. Examples of popular quadratic regularizers include the diffusion, elastic, fluid, and curvature regularizers.<sup>1</sup> Two important features of these regularizers are whether they account for coupling of the spatial components of the deformation (elastic/fluid do; diffusion/curvature do not) and whether they are robust to initial affine misregistrations (curvature is; diffusion/ elastic/fluid are not). In this article, we show how to extend this list of quadratic regularizers to include a second-order regularizer that exhibits the best of both features: it accounts for coupling of the spatial components of the deformation and contains affine transformations in its kernel. We then show how this extended taxonomy of quadratic regularizers is related to other families of regularizers, including Cachier and Ayache's differential quadratic forms2 and Arigovindan's family of rotationally invariant regularizers.<sup>3, 4</sup> Next, we describe two computationally efficient paradigms for performing nonparametric registration with the proposed regularizer, based on Fourier methods5 and on successive Gaussian convolution.<sup>6, 7</sup> Finally, we illustrate the performance of the quadratic regularizers on the task of registering serial 3-D CT exams of patients with lung nodules.
Sugar Acetate-based Low Molecular Weight Organogelators (2020)

Two novel organogelators that incorporate sugar acetate segments have been identified. One contains a sugar acetate linked directly to an alkyl group, while the second includes an amide linker. We describe the syntheses of both organogelators, as well as their gelation properties in various hydrocarbon liquids. We also use molecular modeling with a generic classical force field and Kohn-Sham density functional theory to provide atomic scale insights and physical justification for gelation mechanisms. Two novel organogelators that incorporate sugar acetate segments have been identified. One contains a sugar acetate linked directly to an alkyl group, while the second includes an amide linker. We describe the syntheses of both organogelators, as well as their gelation properties in various hydrocarbon liquids. We also use molecular modeling to provide atomic scale insights for their gelation mechanisms.
Bionized nanoferrite particles alter the course of experimental Cryptococcus neoformans pneumonia (2021)

Abstract Cryptococcosis is a devastating fungal disease associated with high morbidity and mortality even when treated with antifungal drugs. Bionized nanoferrite (BNF) nanoparticles are powerful immunomodulators, but their efficacy for infectious diseases has not been investigated. Administration of BNF nanoparticles to mice with experimental cryptococcal pneumonia altered the outcome of infection in a dose response manner as measured by colony forming units and survival. The protective effects were higher at lower doses, with reductions in IL-2, IL-4 and TNF-α, consistent with immune modulation whereby reductions in inflammation translate into reduced host damage, clearance of infection and longer survival.
A Novel Multiobjective Cell Switch-Off Framework for Cellular Networks (2015)

Cell Switch-Off (CSO) is recognized as a promising approach to reduce the energy consumption in next-generation cellular networks. However, CSO poses serious challenges not only from the resource allocation perspective but also from the implementation point of view. Indeed, CSO represents a difficult optimization problem due to its NP-complete nature. Moreover, there are a number of important practical limitations in the implementation of CSO schemes, such as the need for minimizing the real-time complexity and the number of on-off/off-on transitions and CSO-induced handovers. This article introduces a novel approach to CSO based on multiobjective optimization that makes use of the statistical description of the service demand (known by operators). In addition, downlink and uplink coverage criteria are included and a comparative analysis between different models to characterize intercell interference is also presented to shed light on their impact on CSO. The framework distinguishes itself from other proposals in two ways: 1) The number of on-off/off-on transitions as well as handovers are minimized, and 2) the computationally-heavy part of the algorithm is executed offline, which makes its implementation feasible. The results show that the proposed scheme achieves substantial energy savings in small cell deployments where service demand is not uniformly distributed, without compromising the Quality-of-Service (QoS) or requiring heavy real-time processing.
Supplementary Table 2 from Focal Adhesion Kinase Promotes the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype (2023)

Supplementary Table 2 from Focal Adhesion Kinase Promotes the Aggressive Melanoma Phenotype
Quantitative Proteomics of TRAMP Mice Combined with Bioinformatics Analysis Reveals That PDGF-B Regulatory Network Plays a Key Role in Prostate Cancer Progression (2018)

Transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice is a widely used transgenic animal model of prostate cancer (PCa). We performed a label-free quantitative proteomics analysis combined with a bioinformatics analysis on the entire prostate protein extraction from TRAMP mice and compared it with WT littermates. From 2379 total identified proteins, we presented a modest mice prostate reference proteome containing 919 proteins. 61 proteins presented a significant expression difference between two groups. The integrative bioinformatics analysis predicted the overexpression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) in tumor tissues and supports the hypothesis of the PDGF-B signaling network as a key upstream regulator in PCa progression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Crenolanib, a novel PDGF receptor inhibitor, inhibited PCa cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Finally, we revealed the importance of PDGF-B regulatory network in PCa progression, which will assist us in understanding the role and mechanisms of PDGF-B in promoting cancer growth and provide valuable knowledge for future research on anti-PDGF therapy.
HiPeer: A Highly Reliable P2P System (2006)

The paper presents HiPeer, a robust resource distribution and discovery algorithm that can be used for fast and fault-tolerant location of resources in P2P network environments. HiPeer defines a concentric multi-ring overlay networking topology, whereon dynamic network management methods are deployed. In terms of performance, HiPeer delivers of number of lowest bounds. We demonstrate that for any De Bruijn digraph of degree*d ≥ 2 and diameter*DDB HiPeer constructs a highly reliable network, where each node maintains a routing table with at most 2d + 2 entries independent of the number N of nodes in the system. Further, we show that any existing resource in the network with at most d nodes can be found within at most DHiPeer = logd(N(d - 1) + d) - 1 overlay hops. This result is as close to the Moore bound [1] as the query path length in other outstanding P2P proposals based on the De Bruijn digraphs. Thus, we argue that HiPeer defines a highly connected network with connectivity d and the lowest yet known lookup bound DHiPeer. Moreover, we show that any node's join or leave operation in HiPeer implies a constant expected reorganization cost of the magnitude order of O(d) control messages.
Poster Session: Right ventricular systolic function (2012)

Background: Area tracking (AT,%) is a novel three-dimensional parameter of myocardial deformation that incorporates longitudinal and circumferential shortening and delineates deformation of the endocardial surface area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between AT and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and to assess its accuracy in predicting normal LVEF (.55%) and systolic dysfunction (LVEF ,45%). Methods: 152 patients (pts) were evaluated with the use of 3-D echocardiography (Artida, Toshiba).Since 19 pts were excluded for suboptimal image quality ( Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed for AT for the proper identification of LVEF ,45% and .55%. Results: 3D LVEF ranged between 20 and 75% (mean value: 57+9%). AT highly correlated with LVEF (r=0.83, p,0.001). AT was shown to be accurate at predicting LVEF.55% with area under the curve (AUC) equating 0.96[0.93-99], p,0.05. Cut-off value was established at 236.4% with sensitivity and specificity being 90% and 89%, respectively. Similarly, AT accurately identified systolic dysfunctionwith AUC=0.99 [0.98-00], p,0.05. Cut-off values for LVEF,45% was established at -29.3% with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 96%. Conclusions: Area tracking is a new parameter of myocardial deformation provided exclusively by 3D echocardiography. In this large range of LVEF values, it proved to be extremely accurate at predicting systolic dysfunction with high levels of sensitivity and specificity.
Data from ERK Inhibitor LY3214996 Targets ERK Pathway–Driven Cancers: A Therapeutic Approach Toward Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The ERK pathway is critical in oncogenesis; aberrations in components of this pathway are common in approximately 30% of human cancers. ERK1/2 (ERK) regulates cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival and is the terminal node of the pathway. BRAF- and MEK-targeted therapies are effective in BRAF V600E/K metastatic melanoma and lung cancers; however, responses are short-lived due to emergence of resistance. Reactivation of ERK signaling is central to the mechanisms of acquired resistance. Therefore, ERK inhibition provides an opportunity to overcome resistance and leads to improved efficacy. In addition, &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant cancers remain an unmet medical need in which ERK inhibitors may provide treatment options alone or in combination with other agents. Here, we report identification and activity of LY3214996, a potent, selective, ATP-competitive ERK inhibitor. LY3214996 treatment inhibited the pharmacodynamic biomarker, phospho-p90RSK1, in cells and tumors, and correlated with LY3214996 exposures and antitumor activities. In &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; cell proliferation assays, sensitivity to LY3214996 correlated with ERK pathway aberrations. LY3214996 showed dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition and regression in xenograft models harboring ERK pathway alterations. Importantly, more than 50% target inhibition for up to 8 to 16 hours was sufficient for significant tumor growth inhibition as single agent in &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;- and &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant models. LY3214996 also exhibited synergistic combination benefit with a pan-RAF inhibitor in a &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;/i&gt;-mutant colorectal cancer xenograft model. Furthermore, LY3214996 demonstrated antitumor activity in &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;-mutant models with acquired resistance &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Based on these preclinical data, LY3214996 has advanced to an ongoing phase I clinical trial (NCT02857270).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;