gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SU‐FF‐J‐62: Evolution of Tumor Volume and Motion in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer During Radiotherapy (2006)

Purpose: To assess changes in tumor volumes and motion trajectories of non‐small cell lung cancer patients over the course of radiotherapy. Materials and Methods: We acquired repeat CT scans at three time points through the treatment course. Scans were acquired on a Philips large‐bore 16‐slice scanner using either a respiration‐correlated 4D‐CT protocol or a breath‐hold protocol at moderate‐deep inspiration enforced with the Active Breathing Coordinator system. We utilized the Pinnacle treatment planning system to co‐register based on vertebral bodies. We contoured the lesions in each data set and measured lesion volumes using model‐based segmentation tools. Windowing parameters were kept constant for all scans. Using the contours at each respiratory phase we measured the excursion of the lesion and changes of the excursions from scan to scan. Results: Tumor sizes decreased through treatment by 5%, 46% and 48% in three patients analyzed here. The change in the average GTV excursions was (mean ± s.d. over patients): 3.2±4.3 mm (A/P), 0.4±0.6 mm (R/L) and −0.1±3.1 mm (S/I). The 3D vector excursion increased by 2.9±4.2 mm on average. The changes in motion extent are similar to the motion excursion themselves, and there appears to be a strong variability between patients. Conclusions: These preliminary data indicate noteworthy trends of tumor size and motion over the course of radiation therapy. The tumor volume decreases and there is indication that the tumor excursion increases. Further analysis is underway and will be presented. Such long term evolution has important implications for the design and delivery of radiotherapy to lung tumors.
HDDR Process and Nd-Fe-B Anisotropic Magnet Powder. (1995)

properties and microstructures of Nd-Fe-B magnet powders produced by two
Direct Measurement of Extension and Force in Conductive Polymer Gel Actuators (2001)

The synthesis of a polythiophene-based conductive polymer gel is described. Preliminary measurements of the electrochemically driven extension and force response of this gel are reported when driven under the action of an applied square-wave potential. Over each square wave interval (i.e., one oxidation pulse followed by one reduction pulse), the axial change in dimension was found to be approximately 2%. Some hysteresis was noted in that the cylindrical specimens did not return to their original axial dimension. The axial pressure generated by the expansion of the gel against a fixed surface was also measured and found to be on the order of 15 kPa.
Integrated mapping and characterization of the gene underlying the okra leaf trait inGossypium hirsutumL (2015)

Diverse leaf morphology has been observed among accessions of Gossypium hirsutum, including okra leaf, which has advantages and disadvantages in cotton production. The okra leaf locus has been mapped to chromosome 15 of the Dt subgenome, but the underlying gene has yet to be identified. In this study, we used a combination of targeted association analysis, F2 population-based fine mapping, and comparative sequencing of orthologues to identify a candidate gene underlying the okra leaf trait in G. hirsutum. The okra leaf gene identified, GhOKRA, encoded a homeodomain leucine-zipper class I protein, whose closely related genes in several other plant species have been shown to be involved in regulating leaf morphology. The transcript levels of GhOKRA in shoot apices were positively correlated with the phenotypic expression of the okra leaf trait. Of the multiple sequence variations observed in the coding region among GrOKRA of Gossypium raimondii and GhOKRA-Dt of normal and okra/superokra leaf G. hirsutum accessions, a non-synonymous substitution near the N terminus and the variable protein sequences at the C terminus may be related to the leaf shape difference. Our results suggest that both transcription and protein activity of GhOKRA may be involved in regulating leaf shape. Furthermore, we found that non-reciprocal homoeologous recombination, or gene conversion, may have played a role in the origin of the okra leaf allele. Our results provided tools for further investigating and understanding the fundamental biological processes that are responsible for the cotton leaf shape variation and will help in the design of cotton plants with an ideal leaf shape for enhanced cotton production.
SURF III—A new electron storage ring at NIST (2000)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), formerly the National Bureau of Standards (NBS), has operated the Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility (SURF), based on an electron accelerator, continuously since the early 1960s. SURF I was established in 1961, utilizing a 180 MeV electron synchrotron at NBS in Washington, D.C. This accelerator was moved to the Gaithersburg, MD site in 1968, specifically for the continuation of SURF I operations. It was converted to an electron storage ring, SURF II, in 1974 under contract with the Physical Sciences Laboratory (PSL) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (UW), and became a national standard of irradiance in the UV and VUV spectral region. To improve its performance in this application and broaden its spectral range, SURF II has been converted to SURF III, commissioned in December 1998. The design and construction of the new system were overseen by PSL and the Synchrotron Radiation Center at UW. SURF III remains a weak-focusing, single-magnet storage ring with a circular orbit. However the original 140 ton (1.25 MN) laminated iron core magnet has been replaced with one having a 200 ton (1.78 MN) solid iron core of revised geometry, allowing operation over an energy range of 100 MeV–400 MeV. The magnet system design was optimized using both 2-D and 3-D calculations. The predicted circumferential field uniformity of the order of 2 parts in 104, a factor of 40 improvement, was confirmed experimentally over the electron energy range of anticipated radiometric applications. The storage ring vacuum system has been updated, two more radiation ports have been added, and the control system has been modernized. The exceptional magnetic field uniformity in this machine is already giving rise to interesting beam dynamical effects.
Optimal and Player-Replaceable Consensus with an Honest Majority (2017)

We construct a Byzantine Agreement protocol that tolerates t < n/2 corruptions, is very efficient in terms of the number of rounds and the number of bits of communication, and satisfies a strong notion of robustness called player replaceability (defined in [Mic16]). We provide an analysis of our protocol when executed on real-world networks such as the ones employed in the bitcoin protocol.
Radiochemistry on chip: towards dose-on-demand synthesis of PET radiopharmaceuticals (2013)

We have developed an integrated microfluidic platform for producing 2-[(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ((18)F-FDG) in continuous flow from a single bolus of radioactive isotope solution, with constant product yields achieved throughout the operation that were comparable to those reported for commercially available vessel-based synthesisers (40-80%). The system would allow researchers to obtain radiopharmaceuticals in a dose-on-demand setting within a few minutes. The flexible architecture of the platform, based on a modular design, can potentially be applied to the synthesis of other radiotracers that require a two-step synthetic approach, and may be adaptable to more complex synthetic routes by implementing additional modules. It can therefore be employed for standard synthesis protocols as well as for research and development of new radiopharmaceuticals.
Effects of thermally-induced changes of Cu grains on domain structure and electrical performance of CVD-grown graphene (2015)

During the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on Cu foils, evaporation of Cu and changes in the dimensions of Cu grains in directions both parallel and perpendicular to the foils are induced by thermal effects. Such changes in the Cu foil could subsequently change the shape and distribution of individual graphene domains grown on the foil surface, and thus influence the domain structure and electrical properties of the resulting graphene films. Here, a slower cooling rate is used after the CVD process, and the graphene films are found to have an improved electrical performance, which is considered to be associated with the Cu surface evaporation and grain structure changes in the Cu substrate.
Specificity and action pattern of heparanase Bp, a β-glucuronidase from Burkholderia pseudomallei (2019)

The specificity and action pattern of a β-glucuronidase derived from the pathogenic bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei and expressed in Escherichia coli as a recombinant protein has been evaluated. While this enzyme shows activity on a number of glycosaminoglycans, our study has focused on its action on heparin, heparan sulfate and their biosynthetic intermediates as well as chemoenzymatically synthesized, structurally defined heparan sulfate oligosaccharides. These heparin/heparan sulfate (HP/HS) substrates examined varied in size and structure, but all contained an uronic acid (UA) residue β-(1→4) linked to a glucosamine residue. On the substrates tested, this enzyme (heparanase Bp) acted only on a glucuronic acid residue β-(1→4) linked to an N-acetylglucosamine, N-sulfoglucosamine or N-acetyl-6-O-sulfoglucosamine residue. A substrate was required to have a length of pentasaccharide or longer and heparanase Bp acted with a random endolytic action pattern on HP/HS. The specificity and glycohydrolase mechanism of action of heparanase Bp resembles mammalian heparanase and is complementary to the bacterial heparin lyases, which act through an eliminase mechanism on a glucosamine residue (1→4) linked to a UA residue, suggesting its utility as a tool for the structural determination of HP/HS as well as representing a possible model for the medically relevant mammalian heparanase. The utility heparanase Bp was demonstrated by the oligosaccharide mapping of heparin, which afforded resistant intact highly sulfated domains ranging from tetrasaccharide to >28-mer with a molecular weight >9000.
Fine Force Reproduction Based on Motion-Copying System Using Acceleration Observer (2014)

This paper proposes a new motion-copying system that is capable of preserving and reproducing the motion of human operators. In conventional motion-copying systems, when the operator moves quickly, the reproduced force does not correspond to the stored force, owing to the large accelerations. Therefore, the motion-copying system proposed in this paper uses acceleration responses provided by acceleration observers, so the force is reproduced more accurately. The acceleration observer is based on a disturbance observer; it estimates the acceleration of an actuator without acceleration sensors. Furthermore, the estimation performance is not affected by the mechanical impedance of the target environment. In this article, the proposed motion-copying system is compared with current methods, and the validity of the method is demonstrated.
IR Diffractive and Reduced Cost Optics for space application (2005)

This document reports the investigation of the IR materials. The aim is to evaluate their potential in reducing the fabrication costs while ensuring good optical and mechanical performances in the domain of interest. Suitability for space applications will be reported.
Ultra-short light-pulse assisted electric field domain engineering of lithium niobate (2006)

While several techniques to achieve ferroelectric domain inversion in materials such as lithium niobate (LN) and lithium tantalate (LT) have been successfully demonstrated over the past years, even the 'best' established technique of electric field-induced domain inversion (E-field poling) fails when domain inversion at periodicities of a few microns and below are desired. To overcome the limitations associated with electric field poling, we have been investigating the feasibility of an alternative route, which we refer to as light-assisted E-field poling (LAP).
Karyotype Analysis of WS iPSCs. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Chromosomal profiles of G-band analysis. (A) Parental A0031 fibroblast and (B) A0031-derived iPSC clone #34. Arrows indicate translocation breakpoints. Chromosomal profiles of M-FISH analysis. A0031-derived iPSC clones (C) #23, (D) #34, and (E) #64 and WSCU01-derived iPSC clones (F) #02, (G) #13, and (H) #14. Arrows indicate translocation breakpoints or an extra chromosome.&lt;/p&gt;
A Framework for Analyzing Template Security and Privacy in Biometric Authentication Systems (2012)

In this correspondence, we analyze the vulnerabilities of biometric authentication protocols with respect to user and data privacy. The goal of an adversary in such context is not to bypass the authentication but to learn information either on biometric data or on users that are in the system. We elaborate our analysis on a general system model involving four logical entities (sensor, server, database, and matcher), and we focus on internal adversaries to encompass the situation where one or a combination of these entities would be malicious. Our goal is to emphasize that when going beyond the usual honest-but-curious assumption much more complex attacks can affect the privacy of data and users. On the one hand, we introduce a new comprehensive framework that encompasses the various schemes we want to look at. It presents a system model in which each internal entity or combination of entities is a potential attacker. Different attack goals are considered and resulting requirements on data flows are discussed. On the other hand, we develop different generic attacks. We follow a blackbox approach in which we consider components that perform operations on biometric data but where only the input/output behavior is analyzed. These attack strategies are exhibited on recent schemes such as the distributed protocol of Bringer (ACISP 2007), which is based on the Goldwasser-Micali cryptosystem, the related protocol of Barbosa (ACISP 2008), which uses the Paillier cryptosystem, and the scheme of Stoianov (SPIE 2010), that features the Blum-Goldwasser cryptosystem. All these schemes have been developed in the honest-but-curious adversary model and show potential weaknesses when considered in our malicious insider attack model.
The interaction of adhesive systems with human dentin. (1996)

Although some systems produced gap-free intact interfaces in specific specimens, all of them showed detachment at the transition between the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone and the fluid resin placed over it. It was apparent that the presence of air-bubbles and/or thick layers of polymerized-filled fluid resin resulted in less frequent separation areas at the resin-dentin interface, providing support for the concept of the elastic cavity wall. It was also confirmed that some dentin adhesive systems do not form a thick layer over the dentin, otherwise the resin composite would not have penetrated the dentin tubules.
VC 3 : Trustworthy Data Analytics in the Cloud (2014)

We present VC3, the first practical framework that allows users to run distributed MapReduce computations in the cloud while keeping their code and data secret, and ensuring the correctness and completeness of their results. VC3 runs on unmodified Hadoop, but crucially keeps Hadoop, the operating system and the hypervisor out of the TCB; thus, confidentiality and integrity are preserved even if these large components are compromised. VC3 relies on SGX processors to isolate memory regions on individual computers, and to deploy new protocols that secure distributed MapReduce computations. VC3 optionally enforces region self-integrity invariants for all MapReduce code running within isolated regions, to prevent attacks due to unsafe memory reads and writes. Experimental results on common benchmarks show that VC3 performs well compared with unprotected Hadoop; VC3’s average runtime overhead is negligible for its base security guarantees, 4.5 % with write integrity and 8 % with read/write integrity. *Work done while interning at Microsoft Research; affiliated with Ruhr-Universität Bochum.
The Niemann-Pick C1 gene interacts with a high-fat diet to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways (2017)

A genome-wide association study (GWAS) reported that common variation in the human Niemann-Pick C1 gene (<i>NPC1</i>) is associated with morbid adult obesity. This study was confirmed using our BALB/cJ <i>Npc1</i> mouse model, whereby heterozygous mice (<i>Npc1<sup>+/-</sup></i> ) with decreased gene dosage were susceptible to weight gain when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) compared with homozygous normal mice (<i>Npc1<sup>+/+</sup></i> ) fed the same diet. The objective for our current study was to validate this <i>Npc1</i> gene-diet interaction using statistical modeling with fitted growth trajectories, conduct body weight analyses for different measures, and define the physiological basis responsible for weight gain. Metabolic phenotype analysis indicated no significant difference between <i>Npc1<sup>+/+</sup></i> and <i>Npc1<sup>+/-</sup></i> mice fed a HFD for food and water intake, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, locomotor activity, adaptive thermogenesis, and intestinal lipid absorption. However, the livers from <i>Npc1<sup>+/-</sup></i> mice had significantly increased amounts of mature sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) and increased expression of SREBP-1 target genes that regulate glycolysis and lipogenesis with an accumulation of triacylglycerol and cholesterol. Moreover, white adipose tissue from <i>Npc1<sup>+/-</sup></i> mice had significantly decreased amounts of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase with decreased triacylglycerol lipolysis. Consistent with these results, cellular energy metabolism studies indicated that <i>Npc1<sup>+/-</sup></i> fibroblasts had significantly increased glycolysis and lipogenesis, in addition to significantly decreased substrate (glucose and endogenous fatty acid) oxidative metabolism with an accumulation of triacylglycerol and cholesterol. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that the <i>Npc1</i> gene interacts with a HFD to promote weight gain through differential regulation of central energy metabolism pathways.
Improving Sampling in Evolution Strategies Through Mixture-Based Distributions Built from Past Problem Instances (2020)

The notion of learning from different problem instances, although an old and known one, has in recent years regained popularity within the optimization community. Notable endeavors have been drawing inspiration from machine learning methods as a means for algorithm selection and solution transfer. However, surprisingly approaches which are centered around internal sampling models have not been revisited. Even though notable algorithms have been established in the last decades. In this work, we progress along this direction by investigating a method that allows us to learn an evolutionary search strategy reflecting rough characteristics of a fitness landscape. This latter model of a search strategy is represented through a flexible mixture-based distribution, which can subsequently be transferred and adapted for similar problems of interest. We validate this approach in two series of experiments in which we first demonstrate the efficacy of the recovered distributions and subsequently investigate the transfer with a systematic from the literature to generate benchmarking scenarios.
Explicit control a batch-aware distributed file system (2004)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Batch-Aware Distributed File System (BAD-FS), a system designed to orchestrate large, I/O-intensive batch workloads on remote computing clusters distributed across the wide area. BAD-FS consists of two novel components: a storage layer that exposes control of traditionally fixed policies such as caching, consistency, and replication; and a scheduler that exploits this control as necessary for different workloads. By extracting control from the storage layer and placing it within an external scheduler, BAD-FS manages both storage and computation in a coordinated way while gracefully dealing with cache consistency, fault-tolerance, and space management issues in a workload-specific manner. Using both microbenchmarks and real workloads, we demonstrate the performance benefits of explicit control, delivering excellent end-to-end performance across the wide-area.
Effects of low molecular weight aliphatic diols on the polyurethane elastomers prepared from hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadienes (1983)

Abstract Hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadienes were prepared by using azo initiators such as di(4‐hydroxybutyl)‐2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate and di(3‐hydroxybutyl)‐2,2′‐azobisisobutyrate, one of which contains primary and the other secondary hydroxyl groups. The effects of aliphatic diols and 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the presence of dibutyltindilaurate (DBTDL) as catalyst, on crosslinking of primary and secondary hydroxyl groups, were studied. Polyurethane elastomers from these polymers are prepared by using different ratios of diols, 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate and catalyst. Physical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, 100% modulus, and elongation at break of these polymers were studied with a view to compare them with the physical properties of elastomers prepared from ARCO R‐45M.
60 GHz V2I Channel Variability for Different Elevation Angle Switching Strategies (2020)

We report results based on millimeter wave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) channel measurements carried out in an urban street environment, down-town Vienna, Austria. Signal to noise ratios (SNRs) have been acquired at 60 GHz with 100 MHz bandwidth. Two horn antennas were used on a moving transmitter vehicle: one horn emitted a beam towards the horizon and the second horn emitted an elevated beam at 15-degrees up-tilt. This configuration was chosen to assess the impact of beam elevation on V2I communication channel variability. The variability of the V2I channel is shown by density estimates of the channel transfer function magnitudes. The channel changes severely along the vehicle trajectory in an urban street scenario. Density estimates in the region with clear wide-angle view are bimodal and motivate a two-wave with diffuse power (TWDP) fading model for V2I communication with horizontal and elevated antenna beams. We compare three different strategies for beam switching: fixed, geometry-based, and SNR-based.