gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Thioether Oligomer Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone)‐modified Gold Electrode for Bisphenol A Detection (2019)

Abstract Presently, bisphenol A (BPA) has been added to the list of substances of very high concern as endocrine disruptors. According to the literature, exposure to bisphenol A even at low doses may result in adverse health effects. In this study, electrochemical sensor of Bisphenol A based on thioether DDT‐Poly(N‐vinylpyrrolidone) oligomer has been developed. The thioether oligomer, which is capable of recognizing BPA, was prepared and used for gold electrode modification. The characterization of the modified gold electrode and the synthesized thioether oligomer were carried out by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ( 1 H NMR) and Size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Obtained results indicate that the modified electrode shows good electrochemical activity, good sensitivity and reproducibility for BPA detection. It exhibited a good linear relationship ranging from 1 to 20 pg/mL, and the detection limit was found to be 1.9 pg/mL at S/N=3. Several interfering species such as hydroquinone, phenol and resorcinol were used and their behaviors on the modified gold electrode were investigated.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Brain Iron (1986)

A prominently decreased signal intensity in the globus pallidum, reticular substantia nigra, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus was routinely noted in 150 consecutive individuals on T2-weighted images (SE 2000/100) using a high field strength (1.5 T) MR system. This MR finding correlated closely with the decreased estimated T2 relaxation times and the sites of preferential accumulation of ferric iron using the Perls staining method on normal postmortem brains. The decreased signal intensity on T2-weighted images thus provides an accurate in vivo map of the normal distribution of brain iron. Perls stain and MR studies in normal brain also confirm an intermediate level of iron distribution in the striatum, and still lower levels in the cerebral gray and white matter. In the white matter, iron concentration is (a) absent in the most posterior portion of the internal capsule and optic radiations, (b) higher in the frontal than occipital regions, and (c) prominent in the subcortical “U” fibers, particularly in the temporal lobe. There is no iron in the brain at birth; it increases progressively with aging. Knowledge of the distribution of brain iron should assist in elucidating normal anatomic structures and in understanding neurodegenerative, demyelinating, and cerebrovascular disorders.
Tensile Strength of Superior Labral Repairs in the Throwing Position (2009)

Background Type II superior labral (SLAP) tears commonly occur in athletes in the abducted and externally rotated position in the late cocking phase of throwing. This study investigates arthroscopic repairs of SLAP lesions using a knotless polymeric (KINSA) anchor. Methods Superficial tissues were dissected from 10 cadaveric shoulders. The glenohumeral capsule was preserved. Type II SLAP tears were created through arthroscopic portals and repaired with two anchors anterior and posterior to the biceps tendon. Glenohumeral joints were then fixed in 60° gleno-humeral abduction in the scapular plane with 1 Nm torque in external rotation to recreate the late cocking phase of the throwing cycle. Specimens were mounted onto an Instron machine and the biceps tendon was loaded until failure. Results The mean ultimate peak load was 239 N (SD 101 N). The primary mode of failure was in the tendon substance and 19 out of 20 anchors remained intact in bone. Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first study to investigate arthroscopic SLAP repairs in an intact joint in this susceptible position. We conclude that the KINSA anchor can withstand high tensile loads and may be used to treat SLAP tears in high-demand overhead throwing athletes.
Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation and Hydrogen Production in the Ketonization of Aldehydes (2016)

Aldehydes possess relatively high chemical energy, which is the driving force for disproportionation reactions such as Cannizzaro and Tishchenko reactions. Generally, this energy is wasted if aldehydes are transformed into carboxylic acids with a sacrificial oxidant. Here, we describe a cascade reaction in which the surplus energy of the transformation is liberated as molecular hydrogen for the oxidation of heptanal to heptanoic acid by water, and the carboxylic acid is transformed into potentially industrially relevant symmetrical ketones by ketonic decarboxylation. The cascade reaction is catalyzed by monoclinic zirconium oxide (m-ZrO2 ). The reaction mechanism has been studied through cross-coupling experiments between different aldehydes and acids, and the final symmetrical ketones are formed by a reaction pathway that involves the previously formed carboxylic acids. Isotopic studies indicate that the carboxylic acid can be formed by a hydride shift from the adsorbed aldehyde on the metal oxide surface in the absence of noble metals.
Narrow-gate In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As junction field-effect transistors as tunable resistors for long-wavelength integrated optical receivers (1990)

The fabrication of In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As junction field-effect transistors (JFETs) for use as active feedback resistors in integrated transimpedance photoreceivers is described. Transistors using both air-bridge and non-air-bridge technologies are described. Varying the gate-to-source voltage (V/sub GS/) allows the output resistance to be tuned continuously between 3 and 40 k Omega with a drain-to-source shunt capacitance of less than 10 fF. The temperature coefficient of the output resistance is between -5 and -20 Omega / degrees C (for V/sub GS/ less than the pinch-off voltage). The combination of large resistance and low shunt capacitance can result in high receiver sensitivity without sacrificing amplifier dynamic range. The feedback FETs are fabricated adjacent to 1.8- mu m gate JFETs with transconductances of 110 mS/mm and gate-to-source capacitances of 1.3 pF/mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Surface-Modified Mesoporous Silicas as Recyclable Adsorbents of an Endocrine Disrupter, Bisphenol A (2006)

Surface-modified mesoporous silicas (MSs) were investigated for recyclable adsorption of an endocrine disrupter, bisphenol A (BPA). Surface-modified MSs were prepared by (i) post-synthesis surface modification of MSs using surface hydroxyl groups and organosilanes (m-MS) and by (ii) co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane and the corresponding organosilanes (d-MS). Infrared measurements indicated that organic groups mainly existed on the surface of m-MS, which resulted in a surface characterized by high hydrophobicity. Both organic groups and isolated hydroxyl groups existed on the surface of d-MS, resulting in both hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity on the surface. The amount of BPA adsorbed on surface-modified MSs per organic group was similar for m-MS and d-MS, however, the d-MS established equilibrium for BPA adsorption faster than m-MS, as measured by UV-vis spectra. A larger amount of BPA per surface area could be adsorbed on carbon materials than on the surface-modified MSs, however, the regeneration of carbon materials by washing could not be done easily. The surface-modified MSs retain adsorption capacity for BPA after several regeneration cycles, demonstrating that the surface-modified MSs are effective recyclable adsorbents of the endocrine disrupter, bisphenol A.
A Broadband Single-Stage Equivalent Circuit for Modeling LTCC Bandpass Filters (2006)

A single-stage equivalent circuit is proposed to model microwave bandpass filters (BPFs) fabricated in low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology up to several times its passband frequency. The equivalent circuit adopts a modified T topology with the expandable multilayer resonators to achieve an extremely large bandwidth. It can be efficiently established from the measured S-parameters using direct extraction or rational approximation. As a result, the modeled S-parameters for a 2.45-GHz wideband local area network (WLAN) LTCC BPF show good agreement with the measured results over a wide frequency range up to 8.5 GHz. Such a broadband model can be used to accurately predict the suppression of harmonics and interferences in system simulation of the WLAN front-end modules
Performance loss factors for optical communication through clear air turbulence (2004)

Atmospheric turbulence can significantly degrade the bit error rate performance of a free-space laser communication link. We describe an approach for calculating the average bit error rate of a direct detection binary optical communication link in clear-air atmospheric turbulence, and discuss strategies for optimizing system performance.
Kinetic Modeling of the Ignition of Droplets of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-oil: Effect of Initial Diameter and Fuel Composition (2021)

Fast biomass pyrolysis is an effective and promising process for high bio-oil yields, and represents one of the front-end technologies to provide alternative, sustainable fuels as a replacement of conventional, fossil-based ones. In this work, the effect of droplet initial diameter on the evaporation and ignition of droplets of crude fast pyrolysis bio-oil (FPBO) and FPBO/ethanol blend (50% vol) at ambient pressure is discussed. The experimental tests were carried out in a closed single droplet combustion chamber equipped with optical accesses, using droplets with a diameter in the range of 0.9-1.4 mm. The collected experimental data show a significant effect of droplet diameter and initial fuel composition on the evaporation and combustion of the droplets. At the same time, 1-dimensional modeling of the evaporation and ignition of different droplets of crude FPBO and its blend with ethanol is performed to understand the complex physical and chemical effects. To this purpose, an 8-component surrogate was adopted, and a skeletal mechanism (170 species and 2659 reactions) was obtained through an established methodology. The comparison of numerical and experimental results shows that the model is able to capture the main features related to the heating phase of the droplet and the effect of fuel composition on droplet temperature and evaporation, particularly the increased reactivity following ethanol addition and the variation of diameter with time. Also, a sensitivity analysis highlighted the reactions controlling the autoignition of the droplets in the different conditions. It was found that the autoignition of pure FPBO droplets is governed by dimethyl furane (DMF), because of its high volatility and in spite of not being the most abundant species. On the other side, ethanol chemistry drives the gas-phase ignition in the case of the blended (50/50 v/v) mixtures, due to its higher volatility and reactivity.
Contemplate the Essence of a Problem from Multiple Perspectives (2021)

OverviewAuscultation (auditory diagnosis) has been used for centuries in the fields of health screening and medical care.It has the advantage of being repeatable and non-invasive while providing immediate results; however, because it is conducted in close proximity to the patient, it is challenging to perform on patients suspected of carrying infectious diseases.We interviewed Kunio Kashino, a senior distinguished researcher, who is working on teleauscultation with an eye toward addressing the above challenge and the future of health management, about the progress of his research activities and his attitude as a researcher.
Differentiation of Tumor from Viable Myocardium using Cardiac Tagging with MR Imaging (1991)

We report the application of myocardial tagging by MR to define tissue planes and differentiate contractile from noncontractile tissue in a neonate with congenital cardiac rhabdomyoma. Using custom-written pulse programming software, six 2 mm thick radiofrequency (RF) slice-selective presaturation pulses (tags) were used to label the chest wall and myocardium in a star pattern in diastole, approximately 60 ms before the R-wave gating trigger. This method successfully delineated the myocardium from noncontractile tumor, providing information that influenced clinical management. This RF tagging technique allowed us to confirm the exact intramyocardial location of a congenital cardiac tumor.
Effect of interfacial insertion layers on the spin–orbit torque in W(O)∣CoFeB heterostructures (2019)

We report on an experimental investigation of spin–orbit torque (SOT) in W(O)∣CoFeB heterostructures where a thin insertion layer with negligible spin–orbit coupling is inserted at the W(O)∣CoFeB interface. The SOT is found to be suppressed with the addition of the insertion layer, contrary to estimates using the transparency formalism. In addition, the SOT, as quantified by the spin Hall angle remains constant at −50% for W(O) thicknesses down to 2 nm. Our data is thus consistent with an interfacial SOT mechanism in the W(O)∣CoFeB system.
Abstract WP145: Safety of Intra-Arterial Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Large Animal Model of Stroke: A Dose Escalation Study (2020)

Background: Despite the efficacy of thrombectomy for large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke (AIS) , ~50% of patients have significant residual deficits. Pre-clinical data on intra-arterially (IA) administered mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in stroke are promising and this approach is attractive for clinical application. While there is a concern for micro-occlusion with IA delivery due to the large size of MSCs, a dose of 1 x 10 5 MSCs given 24-48 hr in a rodent reperfusion middle cerebral artery occlusion (rMCAo) model has been shown to be safe and effective. As per STAIR recommendations, we performed a dose-escalation (DE) study of IA-MSCs in a large animal stroke model. Methods: An endovascular canine rMCAo model using retractable platinum coil for 60-120 min was established. At 48 hr post-rMCAo, allogeniec canine MSCs were delivered using a 0.0165” microcatheter in the ipsilateral upper cervical internal carotid artery in escalating doses (based on proportion of rodent to canine total cerebral blood volume). Serial MRIs and neurological deficit scoring (NDS) were performed over 30 days. Animals were euthanized at 15-30 d post-rMCAo and brains were harvested. Results: Female canines (n=13), age 12-36 months, weighing 22-26 kg received IA MSCs ranging from 5-80 x 10 6 (M). At doses of 5-40 M IA-MSCs no neurological worsening was observed. Serial NDS and stroke volume on MRI showed no increase post-IA-MSCs and actually showed progressive reduction. A higher numerical reduction was seen in the 10-40 M groups compared to 5 M. However, in the one canine receiving 80 M IA-MSCs, there was significant worsening of the MCA-area infarction and NDS due to microembolization at this higher dose. Gross examinations and histopathology of brain tissue were consistent with ischemia. The brain of a canine receiving 80 M cells showed differentially aged areas of necrosis supporting two ischemic events. Neuroblasts, doublecortin-positive cells, and neovascularization were observed in canine brains suggesting regenerative mechanisms. Conclusions: These data suggest that IA-MSCs are safe in a large animal model up to 40 M IA-MSCs and is the maximum tolerated dose in this DE study. Furthermore, our data suggests that up to 40 M IA-MSCs may be promising in exploring efficacy in AIS.
Time-lapse imaging of trypanosomes expressing cytoplasmic GFP (Δproc) or calflagin-mCherry (WT). (2016)

Performed using a lattice light sheet microscope with an image acquisition interval of one minute.
IDP Rule under Incentive Compatible Regulations : Capital Adequacy Requirement and Risk-Based Deposit Insurance Premium (2016)

This paper proposes a model to analyze an incentive compatible regulation of capital adequacy requirement ratio and a risk-based deposit insurance premium for banks in a competitive financial market where information asymmetry resides. In this paper, there will be an examination of the effects of the change of allotment rules of the remaining assets of insolvent banks to depositors, creditors and shareholders on national tax revenue, stock value of banks, and an incentive compatible regulation. The results from our analysis are as follows: First, the incentive compatible combination of regulation was identified to be present in both PRS (the pro-rata sharing) and IDP (insured deposit preference) rules. The request demanding the gradually increasing capital adequacy requirement ratio of banks was revealed by following the order of highly probable successful loan portfolios from the baseline of mandatory minimum capital adequacy requirement ratio. Second, in the case of an institutional change from a PRS rule to an IDP rule where there exist an incentive compatible regulation, the average risk of a bank loan was found to be increasing along with the expansion of loans out to bad enterprises with high credit risk, such as small- and medium-sized corporations. Third, it was found that there could not be a consistent determination of the stock price of the overall banking business and the fluctuation of governmental tax revenue. However, through the numerical example analysis, it was identified that the stock value of banks would be decreased by the diminished used of marketable debt financing resulting from the increase of capital adequacy requirement ratio imposed on the banks realized by the institutional transition.
Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume III – gas phase reactions of inorganic halogens (2007)

Abstract. This article, the third in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of inorganic halogen species, which were last published in J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, in 2000 (Atkinson et al., 2000), were updated on the IUPAC website in 2003 and are updated again in the present evaluation. The article consists of a summary sheet, containing the recommended kinetic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and five appendices containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which the recommendations were made.
Function-Oriented Synthesis, Step Economy, and Drug Design (2007)

This Account provides an overview and examples of function-oriented synthesis (FOS) and its increasingly important role in producing therapeutic leads that can be made in a step-economical fashion. Biologically active natural product leads often suffer from several deficiencies. Many are scarce or difficult to obtain from natural sources. Often, they are highly complex molecules and thus not amenable to a practical synthesis that would impact supply. Most are not optimally suitable for human therapeutic use. The central principle of FOS is that the function of a biologically active lead structure can be recapitulated, tuned, or greatly enhanced with simpler scaffolds designed for ease of synthesis and also synthetic innovation. This approach can provide practical access to new (designed) structures with novel activities while at the same time allowing for synthetic innovation by target design. This FOS approach has been applied to a number of therapeutically important natural product leads. For example, bryostatin is a unique natural product anticancer lead that restores apoptosis in cancer cells, reverses multidrug resistance, and bolsters the immune system. Remarkably, it also improves cognition and memory in animals. We have designed and synthesized simplified analogs of bryostatin that can be made in a practical fashion (pilot scale) and are superior to bryostatin in numerous assays including growth inhibition in a variety of human cancer cell lines and in animal models. Laulimalide is another exciting anticancer lead that stabilizes microtubules, like paclitaxel, but unlike paclitaxel, it is effective against multidrug-resistant cell lines. Laulimalide suffers from availability and stability problems, issues that have been addressed using FOS through the design and synthesis of stable and efficacious laulimalide analogs. Another FOS program has been directed at the design and synthesis of drug delivery systems for enabling or enhancing the uptake of drugs or drug candidates into cells and tissue. We have generated improved transporters that can deliver agents in a superior fashion compared with naturally occurring cell-penetrating peptides and that can be synthesized in a practical and step-economical fashion. The use of FOS has allowed for the translation of exciting, biologically active natural product leads into simplified analogs with superior function. This approach enables the development of synthetically innovative strategies while targeting therapeutically novel structures.
The Light‐Induced Field‐Effect Solar Cell Concept – Perovskite Nanoparticle Coating Introduces Polarization Enhancing Silicon Cell Efficiency (2017)

Solar cell generates electrical energy from light one via pulling excited carrier away under built-in asymmetry. Doped semiconductor with antireflection layer is general strategy to achieve this including crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cell. However, loss of extra energy beyond band gap and light reflection in particular wavelength range is known to hinder the efficiency of c-Si cell. Here, it is found that part of short wavelength sunlight can be converted into polarization electrical field, which strengthens asymmetry in organic-c-Si heterojunction solar cell through molecule alignment process. The light harvested by organometal trihalide perovskite nanoparticles (NPs) induces molecular alignment on a conducting polymer, which generates positive electrical surface field. Furthermore, a "field-effect solar cell" is successfully developed and implemented by combining perovskite NPs with organic/c-Si heterojunction associating with light-induced molecule alignment, which achieves an efficiency of 14.3%. In comparison, the device with the analogous structure without perovskite NPs only exhibits an efficiency of 12.7%. This finding provides a novel concept to design solar cell by sacrificing part of sunlight to provide "extra" asymmetrical field continuously as to drive photogenerated carrier toward respective contacts under direct sunlight. Moreover, it also points out a method to combine promising perovskite material with c-Si solar cell.
What Works for Whom: Patients' Psychological Resources and Vulnerabilities as Common and Specific Predictors of Working Alliance in Different Psychotherapies (2022)

Although patients with certain qualities achieve better alliances in long-term as opposed to short-term therapies, apparently the theoretical orientation of therapy makes little difference. For patients with childhood adversities, differences between long-term (psychodynamic) treatment vs. various brief therapy models may be particularly salient.