gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing Social Media for Community Information Sharing in Rural South Africa (2014)

We reflect on long trials of two prototype social media systems in rural South Africa and their biases towards certain communication practices on information sharing. We designed the systems to assist people in low-income communities to share locally relevant information. Both involve communal displays, to record, store and share media, and users can transfer media between the display and their cell-phones. MXShare, which we report for the first time, also enables real-time, text-based chat but AR enables sharing only audio files asynchronously. Both systems were located at the same sites for community communication and co-present oral practices effected media recording and sharing. Their use reinforced differentiations in sharing information between older and younger people. We argue that designing social media systems to widen information access must respond to complex interactions between social structures and genres of communication.
ESR STUDIES ON STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THALLOUS ION IN OXIDE GLASSES (1982)

The stereochemistry of Tl+ in a wide variety of oxide glasses has been elucidated by analyzing ESR spectra of γ-induced paramagnetic Tl2+ employing a newly developed solution to the spin-Hamiltonian. It has been found that there exist two types of the coordination, Tl+ with a nearly spherical-symmetric ligand field (coordination I) and Tl+ having a pyramidal ligand field (II). The latter coordination has ppeared in the glasses where bridging and non-bridging oxygen coexist. The Tl2+ center produced from coordination II has relaxed into the center similar to that from coordination I on thermal annealing of as-irradiated specimens. A structural model involving the displacement of alkali ion has been proposed on the basis of the kinetical analysis of the conversion.
In-line CD metrology with combined use of scatterometry and CD-SEM (2006)

Measurement characteristics in scatterometry and CD-SEM for lot acceptance sampling of inline critical dimension (CD) metrology were investigated by using a statistical approach with Monte Carlo simulation. By operation characteristics curve analysis, producer's risk and consumer's risk arising from sampling were clarified. Single use of scatterometry involves a higher risk, such risk being particularly acute in the case of large intra-chip CD variation because it is unable to sufficiently monitor intra-chip CD variation including local CD error. Substituting scatterometry for conventional SEM metrology is accompanied with risks, resulting in the increase of unnecessary cost. The combined use of scatterometry and SEM metrology in which the sampling plan for SEM is controlled by scatterometry is a promising metrology from the viewpoint of the suppression of risks and cost. This is due to the effect that CD errors existing in the distribution tails are efficiently caught.
Sildenafil enhances angiogenesis after mice hind limb ischemia independent of nitric oxide (2006)

Nitric oxide (NO) enhances angiogenesis with a concomitant increase in intracellular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). We tested the hypothesis that independent inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 with Sildnafil augments tissue cGMP levels and enhances angiogenesis in ischemic limbs. Hind limb ischemia was induced in C57BL/6J mice by ligating the left common femoral artery. Mice (4 groups, n=5 each) were treated with Sildenafil (0.1 mg/kg/day) or vehicle. Angiogenic activity was increased in Sildenafil ischemic limbs versus control ischemic limbs at 7 days (0.6 ± 0.1 versus 0.3 ± 0.02, p &lt;0.01) and 21 days (0.9 ± 0.1 versus 0.5 ± 0.1, p &lt; 0.001). At day 21, nitrite levels (μM/mg tissue) were increased in control ischemic limbs (0.03 ± 0.01, p &lt; 0.05) but not in Sildenafil ischemic limbs (0.008 ± 0.002). Tissue cGMP levels (pg/mL/mg tissue) were elevated in Sildenafil ischemic limbs (0.04 ± 0.004) compared to control ischemic limbs (0.02 ± 0.002, p &lt;0.001). Blood flow (by laser doppler(LD) in mL of LD/min/100g) was increased in Sildenafil ischemic limbs versus control ischemic limbs at 7 days (10.3 ± 0.7 versus 8.1 ± 0.6, p &lt; 0.02). Similar increase in blood flow was also seen in eNOS knockout mice (9.4 ± 0.6 versus 6.3 ± 0.6, p &lt; 0.001). These data indicate that Sildenafil enhances angiogenesis in response to hind limb ischemia that is mediated by increased cGMP and independent of NO.
Maternal mortality inquiry in a rural community of North India (1989)

Community inquiry on maternal mortality was conducted in a rural area of North India. Maternal deaths were identified by multiple informants and investigated by doctors. Amongst 257 deaths registered in women in the 15-44 year age group, 55(21.4%) were maternal deaths. Maternal mortality ratio was 230 per 100,000 live births. Major causes were antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage (18.2%), puerperal sepsis (16.4%), severe anemia (16.4%), abortion (9.1%) and obstructed labor (7.3%). This rapid, simple and low cost method is recommended for application in areas where vital registration system is unsatisfactory.
Packaging and Integration Strategy for mm-Wave Products (2018)

Abstract This paper is a follow on to the paper presented at the IMAPS 14th International Conference DEVICE PACKAGING and will provide more comprehensive case studies of few different system integration strategies for high frequency packaging. The packaging options vary widely based on the end market requirements, from performance, thermal, types and numbers of antenna arrays as well as the RF transceiver ICs. Tied closely to these performance related requirements is competing trade-offs of reliability, form factor and cost. We present assessment of packaging structures for (a) high performance mm-Wave network product and (b) consumer/mobile product and (c) automotive radar product. The former (a) is generally not challenged by form factor and can be enhanced by the addition of more antenna arrays and RFICs. However, care has to be taken to address the thermal solutions for effective heat dissipation as well as manufacturability issues as the package size may target ~400mm2 for Gen 1 and double or triple the area for subsequent generations. For (b), the primary drivers are cost and form factor. To manage antenna propagation and losses in a constrained form factor, mobile products generally require antenna in package (AiP) integration. The integration of the antenna within the same package as the RF IC greatly reduces the difficulty at the system level. This approach coupled to aggressive miniaturization of the antenna itself, using the same substrate technologies as the SiP leads to a new class of sub-systems termed Antenna in Package (AiP). This is extremely challenging from design, manufacturability and test perspectives. For example, Fan out wafer level packaging, such as eWLB packaging provides extremely smooth copper surfaces with tight etch tolerance compared to standard laminate based packaging. However, having multiport antenna structures fabricated in fan out technology with inductance matching and efficient ground ports, continue to be problematic. Hence adoption of 3D structures, in conjunction with SIP integration (with inductors and IPDs) can potentially provide relief. Inductors can also be built into the eWLB structure using the RDL as well as in the laminate packages using substrate embedded thin film cores.
Modulation of Bordetella pertussis Infection with Monoclonal Antibodies to Pertussis Toxin (1991)

Three monoclonal antibodies to pertussis toxin were characterized and used to investigate its role in immunity. Antibody affinity correlated with toxin neutralization in in vivo and in vitro assays but was not the only determinant of protection against Bordetella pertussis infection. B9, a high-affinity anti-S3 antibody, was the most effective in neutralizing toxin-induced CHO cell clustering and hemagglutination in vitro and lymphocytosis and histamine sensitization in vivo. A4, a similar-affinity anti-S1 antibody, was less active in the toxin neutralization assays but more protective in the mouse infection model. A12, a low-affinity anti-S1 antibody, was least active in the assays of toxin neutralization but as effective as B9 in the infection model. These data suggest that epitopes on the A protomer and B oligomer may induce protective immunity. Measurement of pertussis toxin neutralization by monoclonal antibodies in in vitro and in vivo assays may not accurately predict protection against infection with B. pertussis.
SO063PRE-DIALYSIS FLUID STATUS MODIFIES THE RELATION BETWEEN PRE-DIALYSIS SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND OUTCOME IN PREVALENT HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS (2017)

62% (D-Ca 3.0), respectively. D-Ca was not associated with the composite outcome (Table No significant interactions were found with calcium-based binders, year on dialysis, or duration of HD sessions. CONCLUSIONS: In the J-DOPPS cohort, no clear association was seen between dialysate calcium concentration and mortality or cardiovascular complications. While we acknowledge that statistical power of our study was limited due to low number of events, along with prior findings our results suggest that lower D-Ca may not yield any benefit compared to D-Ca < 3.0 mEq/L.
On the Controls of Mixing of Injected Water Jets with Brine in Salt Caverns: Scaled Flow Visualization Experiments. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Computational Study on Multi-Electron Collisions for Low-Charge-State Heavy Ions (2009)

In this paper, multi-electron interactions for low-charge-state ions in heavy ion beam fusions (HIBF) is studied through exploring theoretical approaches and developing improved models. An improved classic trajectory Monte Carlo model and corresponding codes have been built to implement those simulations, mainly though the intensive computations in solving many-body Hamiltonian Equations. Following the results present in the previous meetings (Ref. 1-2), the results here for the low-charge-state ions of Xe, Bi and other ions colliding with noble gas are provided, and show that multi-electron effects are obvious and their cross section can reach about 40% of the total cross section. The improved code employs parallel computing, and is expected to be an integral part of a plasma simulation package to study the atomic effects in plasma beam transportation and focusing in HIBF, and help to provide improved physical insight into current HIBF experiments and future studies.
Frequency control of MMC-HVDC based on active and reactive power decoupling (2018)

High voltage DC systems based on modular multi-level converters have been received increased attention due to the high power quality they provide. When the rated power of the HVDC station is similar to the generating units, the converter station can have an important role in the frequency regulation. The method proposed in this paper uses the relation between the active and reactive power to estimate the load changes adding a feed-forward compensation term for the active power reference thus reducing the dynamical frequency deviation. This method in combination with a frequency PI controller, delivers active power to compensate load changes and keeps the frequency at its reference with a very small deviation.
Changes in HIV Prevention and Sexual Experiences During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Study (2023)

Many PrEP users try to align their HIV prevention with their sexual exposures and establish PrEP as a long-term habit. Removing financial and access barriers is important to improve PrEP use and STI testing.
T and B cell hyperactivity and autoimmunity associated with niche-specific defects in apoptotic body clearance in TIM-4-deficient mice (2010)

TIM-4, a member of the TIM family expressed on antigen-presenting cells, binds to phosphatidylserine exposed on the surface of apoptotic bodies. However, the significance of this interaction in vivo remains unknown because other receptors have been implicated in the clearance of apoptotic bodies and could compensate for the TIM-4 deficiency in vivo. In this study, we describe the generation of TIM-4-deficient mice and address whether TIM-4 serves a unique function in vivo. We show that TIM-4(-/-) peritoneal macrophages and B-1 cells do not efficiently engulf apoptotic bodies in vitro, or clear apoptotic bodies in vivo. TIM-4-deficient mice have hyperactive T and B cells, elevated levels of serum Ig, and develop antibodies to double-stranded DNA. Taken together, we show that TIM-4 is critical for the clearance of apoptotic bodies in vivo, and that lack of TIM-4 results in aberrant persistence of apoptotic bodies leading to dysregulated lymphocyte activation and signs of systemic autoimmunity.
Ultrasound of the Rotator Cable: Prevalence and Morphology in Asymptomatic Shoulders (2011)

The rotator cable is a consistent structure seen in 99% of shoulders in this study. The morphology of this structure is variable, but rotator cable thickness correlated positively with the thickness of the rotator crescent.
Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Identification of a Fiber Surface Cell Binding Domain in Collagen and its Application in Tissue Engineering. (2000)

Abstract Type I collagen comprises between 75-95% of the stationary extracellular matrix of most tissues, forming a continuum in which most of the static cells are anchored. Collagen serves as the track for haptotactic cell migration. The junction between collagen, its receptor integrins, and the cells’ cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and morphogenesis by serving as the agent for transducing mechanical forces into chemical and biochemical work. The physiological, functional organization of collagen is the solid state in the form of a network of fibers. The only molecules available for engaging the receptors are those located on the fiber surface. Cryogenic scanning force microscopy (SFM) of single molecules of collagen allowed us to correlate surface features with known sequence and stereochemical markers within collagen. Theoretical conformational studies to locate markers for intermolecular recognition and allosteric binding showed that collagen a 1(1) chain residues 766GTPGPQGIAGQRGVV780 generate a distinctive conformation, characterized by a relatively stable (3-bend at the core (Fig. 1) within the triple helical polyproline II conformation extant in the rest of the molecule (1).
Premiers résultats prometteurs de l’essai rapamycine versus placebo pour le traitement de la myosite à inclusions (RAPAMI) (2017)

International audience
Information Theory-based Evolution of Neural Networks for Side-channel Analysis (2022)

Profiled side-channel analysis (SCA) leverages leakage from cryptographic implementations to extract the secret key. When combined with advanced methods in neural networks (NNs), profiled SCA can successfully attack even those cryptocores assumed to be protected against SCA. Despite the rise in the number of studies devoted to NN-based SCA, a range of questions has remained unanswered, namely: how to choose an NN with an adequate configuration, how to tune the NN’s hyperparameters, when to stop the training, etc. Our proposed approach, “InfoNEAT,” tackles these issues in a natural way. InfoNEAT relies on the concept of neural structure search, enhanced by information-theoretic metrics to guide the evolution, halt it with novel stopping criteria, and improve time-complexity and memory footprint. The performance of InfoNEAT is evaluated by applying it to publicly available datasets composed of real side-channel measurements. In addition to the considerable advantages regarding the automated configuration of NNs, InfoNEAT demonstrates significant improvements over other approaches for effective key recovery in terms of the number of epochs (e.g.,x6 faster) and the number of attack traces compared to both MLPs and CNNs (e.g., up to 1000s fewer traces to break a device) as well as a reduction in the number of trainable parameters compared to MLPs (e.g., by the factor of up to 32). Furthermore, through experiments, it is demonstrated that InfoNEAT’s models are robust against noise and desynchronization in traces.
Al-2.6 Annealing (In Polymer Science) (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Electrochemical Detection of H2O2 on Graphene Nanoribbons/Cobalt Oxide Nanorods‐Modified Electrode (2022)

The most important biological changes which have to be monitored is the mechanism of ageing in the human body where the mitochondria play a major role. Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is one of the important markers for the reactive oxygen species (ROS), which denatures the protein and DNA, that was the main contributory factor of ageing. So, it is very important to monitor H 2 O 2 levels in the biological samples. Herein, we reported the preparation of 1D graphene nanoribbon/cobalt oxide nanorod (GNR/Co 3 O 4 ) based nanocomposite‐modified electrochemical sensor for H 2 O 2 . Firstly, GNR was synthesized by oxidative unzipping of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Secondly, cobalt oxide nanorods (Co 3 O 4 ) were grown onto GNR by a chemical reduction process. As‐prepared nanocomposite was characterized by UV‐Visible spectroscopy (UV‐Vis) and HR‐TEM. Electrochemical properties of GNR/Co 3 O 4 ‐coated electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) which showed two redox peaks at 0.93 and 0.88 V in phosphate buffer solution. Next, the electrocatalytic activity of GNR/Co 3 O 4 ‐coated electrode was studied against H 2 O 2 oxidation. The electrochemical studies revealed that GNR/Co 3 O 4 ‐coated electrode exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for H 2 O 2 oxidation at 0.925 V. This sensor showed a linear response for H 2 O 2 oxidation from 10 to 200 μ M. The limit of detection (LOD) was calculated to be 1.27 μ M. The selectivity of the sensor was also studied with other biomolecules associated in the human body, and the results showed that interference effect is negligible. Thus, the proposed GNR/Co 3 O 4 ‐modified electrode can be used for H 2 O 2 detection with excellent stability and selectivity.
Stray Light Levels Of Different Intraocular Lens Designs And Materials (2012)

The surface geometry of the eye and irregularities in the propagation media cause light entering the eye to scatter, resulting in less light reaching the intended focal point. In pseudophakic eyes, some of this intraocular light scatter is caused by the surface and bulk of the IOL. Surface and bulk properties like lens design and material composition influence the amount of light scatter. Forward scatter in angles up to 3° is considered important for quality of vision.
Robust Power System State Estimation From Rank-One Measurements (2019)

The unique features of current and upcoming energy systems, namely, high penetration of uncertain renewables, unpredictable customer participation, and purposeful manipulation of meter readings, all highlight the need for fast and robust power system state estimation (PSSE). In the absence of noise, PSSE is equivalent to solving a system of quadratic equations, which, also related to power flow analysis, is NP-hard in general. Assuming the availability of all power flow and voltage magnitude measurements, this paper first suggests a simple algebraic technique to transform the power flows into rank-one measurements, for which the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -based misfit is minimized. To uniquely cope with the nonconvexity and nonsmoothness of ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -based PSSE, a deterministic proximal-linear solver is developed based on composite optimization, whose generalization using stochastic gradients is discussed too. This paper also develops conditions on the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -based loss function such that exact recovery and quadratic convergence of the proposed scheme are guaranteed. Simulated tests using several IEEE benchmark test systems under different settings corroborate our theoretical findings, as well as the fast convergence and robustness of the proposed approaches.
Fluorogenic Label for Biomolecular Imaging (2006)

Traditional small-molecule fluorophores are always fluorescent. This attribute can obscure valuable information in biological experiments. Here, we report on a versatile "latent" fluorophore that overcomes this limitation. At the core of the latent fluorophore is a derivative of rhodamine in which one nitrogen is modified as a urea. That modification enables rhodamine to retain half of its fluorescence while facilitating conjugation to a target molecule. The other nitrogen of rhodamine is modified with a "trimethyl lock", which enables fluorescence to be unmasked fully by a single user-designated chemical reaction. An esterase-reactive latent fluorophore was synthesized in high yield and attached covalently to a cationic protein. The resulting conjugate was not fluorescent in the absence of esterases. The enzymatic activity of esterases in endocytic vesicles and the cytosol educed fluorescence, enabling the time-lapse imaging of endocytosis into live human cells and thus providing unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution of this process. The modular design of this "fluorogenic label" enables the facile synthesis of an ensemble of small-molecule probes for the illumination of numerous biochemical and cell biological processes.
Sequence‐Specific DNA Recognition by Monomeric bZIP Basic Regions Equipped with a Tripyrrole Unit on the N‐Terminal Side. Towards the Development of Synthetic Mimics of Skn‐1 (2005)

Appropriate conjugation of distamycin-related tripyrroles with an N-terminal position of a peptide containing the basic region amino acids of a bZIP protein (see figure) provide for high affinity recognition of composite 8–9 bp DNA sites.