gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rigel (2009)

This paper considers Rigel, a programmable accelerator architecture for a broad class of data- and task-parallel computation. Rigel comprises 1000+ hierarchically-organized cores that use a fine-grained, dynamically scheduled single-program, multiple-data (SPMD) execution model. Rigel's low-level programming interface adopts a single global address space model where parallel work is expressed in a task-centric, bulk-synchronized manner using minimal hardware support. Compared to existing accelerators, which contain domain-specific hardware, specialized memories, and/or restrictive programming models, Rigel is more flexible and provides a straightforward target for a broader set of applications. We perform a design analysis of Rigel to quantify the compute density and power efficiency of our initial design. We find that Rigel can achieve a density of over 8 single-precision GFLOPS/mm 2 in 45nm, which is comparable to high-end GPUs scaled to 45nm. We perform experimental analysis on several applications ported to the Rigel low-level programming interface. We examine scalability issues related to work distribution, synchronization, and load-balancing for 1000-core accelerators using software techniques and minimal specialized hardware support. We find that while it is important to support fast task distribution and barrier operations, these operations can be implemented without specialized hardware using flexible hardware primitives.
Ferumoxytol as an intraprostatic MR contrast agent for lymph node mapping of the prostate: a feasibility study in non-human primates (2015)

Background A variety of magnetic resonance (MR) lymphographic agents have been proposed for mapping the lymph nodes draining the prostate. Purpose To investigate the feasibility of using ferumoxytol (an FDA-approved iron oxide agent) for lymph node mapping of the prostate on imaging (MRI) in a non-human primate (NHP) Macaque model. Material and Methods Four NHPs weighing 5-13 kg underwent injection of ferumoxytol after a needle was introduced transrectally under MRI guidance into the prostate using a commercially available intrarectal MRI biopsy guide. Ferumoxytol was administered at dosage in the range of 0.15-0.75 mg Fe/kg in a fixed injection volume of 0.2 mL. T1-weighted MRI was performed at 3 T starting immediately and extending at least 45 min post-injection. Two readers evaluated the images in consensus. The NHPs tolerated the ferumoxytol injections at all doses with no evident side effects. Results It was determined that the lowest dose of 0.15 mg Fe/kg produced the best outcome in terms of lymph node visualization and draining nodes were reliably visualized at this dose and volume. Conclusion Thus, MRI with intraprostatic injection of ferumoxytol may be considered an effective T1 contrast agent for prospective mapping of lymph nodes draining the prostate and, thus, for attempted sentinel lymph node identification in prostate cancer. Large clinical trials to determine safety and efficacy are needed.
Summary of Japanese Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines 2015 (2020)

The Japan Resuscitation Council joined the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) as a member of the Resuscitation Council of Asia in 2006. In 2007, the Japan Society of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine (JSPNM), which is a member of an affiliated body, launched the Neonatal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (NCPR) program as an authorized project to ensure that all staff involved in perinatal and neonatal medicine can learn and practice neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation based on the Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations developed by ILCOR. The content of courses in the NCPR program is based on the NCPR guidelines. These guidelines are revised by the Japan Resuscitation Council according to the Consensus on Science with Treatment Recommendations, which is updated by ILCOR every 5 years. The latest updated edition in Japanese was published in 2016 and we translated these Japanese guidelines to English in 2018. Here, we introduce a summary of the NCPR guidelines 2015 in Japan. The NCPR 2015 algorithm has two flows, "lifesaving flow" and "stabilization of breathing flow" at the first branching point after the initial step of resuscitation.
Noise Genetics: Inferring Protein Function by Correlating Phenotype with Protein Levels and Localization in Individual Human Cells (2014)

To understand gene function, genetic analysis uses large perturbations such as gene deletion, knockdown or over-expression. Large perturbations have drawbacks: they move the cell far from its normal working point, and can thus be masked by off-target effects or compensation by other genes. Here, we offer a complementary approach, called noise genetics. We use natural cell-cell variations in protein level and localization, and correlate them to the natural variations of the phenotype of the same cells. Observing these variations is made possible by recent advances in dynamic proteomics that allow measuring proteins over time in individual living cells. Using motility of human cancer cells as a model system, and time-lapse microscopy on 566 fluorescently tagged proteins, we found 74 candidate motility genes whose level or localization strongly correlate with motility in individual cells. We recovered 30 known motility genes, and validated several novel ones by mild knockdown experiments. Noise genetics can complement standard genetics for a variety of phenotypes.
Potential antitumor agents. 52. Carbamate analogs of amsacrine with in vivo activity against multidrug-resistant P388 leukemia (1987)

Study of a series of aniline-substituted 9-anilinoacridines related to the antileukemic drug amsacrine showed that a 1'-carbamate group provided increased activity against the multidrug-resistant P388/ADR leukemia subline in vivo. Since activity against such resistant tumors is of great clinical significance, a series of acridine-substituted carbamate derivatives were evaluated against both wild-type and ADR/resistant P388 leukemia and the Lewis lung solid tumor in vivo. Structure-activity relationships for all three tumor lines were similar, with 3-halo-5-methyl and 3-halo-5-methoxy compounds proving the most active. This substitution pattern also provided the highest DNA binding. Such compounds (particularly the 3-chloro-5-methyl and 3-chloro-5-methoxy) have in vivo activity against wild-type P388 and Lewis lung comparable to that of the best amsacrine analogues previously developed (greater than 50% cures), as well as P388/ADR activity. This work essentially completes the development of the amsacrine series of antitumor agents.
Targeting the tetraspanin CD81 reduces cancer invasion and metastasis (2021)

Tetraspanins are an evolutionary conserved family of proteins involved in multiple aspects of cell physiology, including proliferation, migration and invasion, protein trafficking, and signal transduction; yet their detailed mechanism of action is unknown. Tetraspanins have no known natural ligands, but their engagement by antibodies has begun to reveal their role in cell biology. Studies of tetraspanin knockout mice and of germline mutations in humans have highlighted their role under normal and pathological conditions. Previously, we have shown that mice deficient in the tetraspanin CD81 developed fewer breast cancer metastases compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Here, we show that a unique anti-human CD81 antibody (5A6) effectively halts invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. We demonstrate that 5A6 induces CD81 clustering at the cell membrane and we implicate JAM-A protein in the ability of this antibody to inhibit tumor cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, in a series of in vivo studies we demonstrate that this antibody inhibits metastases in xenograft models, as well as in syngeneic mice bearing a mouse tumor into which we knocked in the human CD81 epitope recognized by the 5A6 antibody.
Charge Relaxation on Surfaces of Polymeric Insulating Materials for Outdoor Applications (2007)

The studies have been presented on spatial and temporal distributions of surface charge on samples of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and silicon rubber (SIR). The charge was deposited from a positive impulse corona source located at 1 mm above the polymeric surfaces. During the experiments, the number of pulses and their voltage level were varied. It was observed that the spread of the charge over the surface of the samples as well as its magnitude were both increasing with increasing number of impulses applied. EPDM accumulated charge easier and had a longer relaxation time than SIR. A common feature frequently observed in both cases was that the resulting charge distributions had a saddle-like pattern. Performed computer simulations showed that this feature can be attributed to peculiarities of the corona charging in the considered system, which took place in a form of a burst corona, and the dynamics of the deposited charges could be related to burst corona pulses.
A 52MHz And 155MHz Clock-recovery PLL (1991)

A monolithic phase-locked loop recovers clock and retimes NRZ data. At 155MHz, maximum-density data, random jitter in the recovered clock is 2.3 degrees rms. A 2⁷-1 data code reveals 3.5 degrees rms pattern jitter. At 52MHz static phase error is 2 degrees. Loop bandwidth is 0.1% of clock when data density is 0.5. The device is fabricated on a 3.5GHz bipolar process including laser-trimmed silicon-chromium thin-film resistors. Power is l 15mA from 5V supply. The device requires only a single external capacitor for operation. Unlike prior art, no crystal or tank is required. No external frequency reference is required This device is monolithic. Jitter is specified.
Data from Transcriptomic Correlates of Tumor Cell PD-L1 Expression and Response to Nivolumab Monotherapy in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (TC) is associated with response to anti-PD-1-based therapies in some tumor types, but its significance in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is uncertain. We leveraged tumor heterogeneity to identify molecular correlates of TC PD-L1 expression in ccRCC and assessed their role in predicting response to anti-PD-1 monotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;RNA sequencing was performed on paired TC PD-L1 positive and negative areas isolated from eight ccRCC tumors and transcriptomic features associated with PD-L1 status were identified. A cohort of 232 patients with metastatic ccRCC from the randomized CheckMate-025 (CM-025) trial was used to confirm the findings and correlate transcriptomic profiles with clinical outcomes.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;In both the paired samples and the CM-025 cohort, TC PD-L1 expression was associated with combined overexpression of immune- and cell proliferation–related pathways, upregulation of T-cell activation signatures, and increased tumor-infiltrating immune cells. In the CM-025 cohort, TC PD-L1 expression was not associated with clinical outcomes. A molecular RCC subtype characterized by combined overexpression of immune- and cell proliferation–related pathways (previously defined by unsupervised clustering of transcriptomic data) was enriched in TC PD-L1 positive tumors and displayed longer progression-free survival (HR, 0.32; 95% confidence interval, 0.13–0.83) and higher objective response rate (30% vs. 0%, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04) on nivolumab compared with everolimus.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Both TC-extrinsic (immune-related) and TC-intrinsic (cell proliferation–related) mechanisms are likely intertwined in the regulation of TC PD-L1 expression in ccRCC. The quantitation of these transcriptional programs may better predict benefit from anti-PD-1-based therapy compared with TC PD-L1 expression alone in ccRCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Design space exploration for optimal memory mapping of data and instructions in multimedia applications to Scratch-Pad Memories (2009)

In this paper, we propose a new methodology for optimal memory mapping of data and instructions to Scratch-Pad Memories (SPM). In the mapping process, we optimize, as the main priority, the number of memory accesses to minimize power consumption. Minimization of external memory accesses lowers switching activity and therefore power consumption. The optimization is done by finding Pareto-points, using multi-objective optimization that combines different cost functions. Our methodology is intended to be used in real-life situations in industry where there is often a need for mapping third party applications to a specific architecture. For evaluating our methodology, we also use commercial video H.264 and audio eAAC+ applications. Our experiments show that SPM is well suited for these applications for reducing external accesses to reduce power consumption but has limited significance on overall performance improvements. The proposed methodology provides a way to combine SPMs with caches to optimally use this memory architecture. Our experiments indicate high accuracy of our methodology for predicting SPM and external memory accesses. We have obtained 90% accuracy between results of our methodology and results for executing applications on a given architecture.
In vivo stability of Tc-99m BAT (bis-aminoethanethiol) complexes (1984)

In order to evaluate the stability of various TC-99m complexes, the authors employed an in vitro assay using HPLC to determine the rate of ligand exchange for a series of neutral and lipid soluble Tc-99m BAT (bis-aminoethanethiol) solution of 10mM 2-mercaptoacetic acid (MAA) in pH 3 or 7, 10mM 3,3-dimethylglutaric acid (DMGA) at 37/sup 0/C. At different time points, samples were injected into HPLC (reverse-phase column, acetonitrile:10mM DMGA pH 7, 85:15). The fraction of the unchanged Tc-99m BAT complex and the T1/2 for this exchange reaction was determined. In the pH 7 buffer no change was observed for all of the Tc-99m BAT complexes indicating good stability under this condition. However, in the pH 3 buffer, compound I decomposed rapidly on the column, thus no T/sub 1/2/ value can be measured. Compound IV with a free amino group showed fast exchange while compounds III with a free hydroxyl group appeared to be stable. The correlation between in vitro and in vivo stability, and biodistribution remains to be evaluated. Studies of this type will provide valuable information on designing future Tc-99/sub m/ imaging agents.
An accurate method for comparing transcript levels of two alleles or highly homologous genes: application to fibrillin transcripts in Marfan patients' fibroblasts. (1996)

We introduce here a novel and generally applicable, solid-phase minisequencing-based approach for rapid estimation of relative levels of transcripts with high sequence homology. This study was undertaken to screen for the consequences of different fibrillin-1 mutations on the transcript levels in patients with the Marfan syndrome (MFS). This dominantly inherited, connective tissue disorder is characterized by pleiotrophic symptoms in cardiovascular, skeletal, and ocular systems. A spectrum of disease mutations in the gene encoding fibrillin-1 (FBN1), a glycoprotein component of extracellular matrix microfibrils, has been identified in MFS patients, but the mechanisms by which mutations result in different phenotypic manifestations are still unknown to a large extent. Our data from the quantitation of FBN1 transcripts provide support for the hypothesis that mutations causing premature stop codons result in a milder phenotype than classical MFS by reducing the stability of the mutant transcript and, consequently, decreasing the interference of mutant polypeptide in the formation of fibrillin fibers. We also applied this mRNA quantitation method to determine the relative ratio between transcripts from the genes coding for two highly homologous microfibrillar components, FBN1 and FBN2, in control fibroblast cultures as well as in fibroblasts from MFS patients. Interestingly, these data show large variations between the levels of the two transcripts in fibroblast cultures, but these variations do not correlate either with the nature of the disease mutation or to the clinical MFS phenotype.
Thermal, mechanical, and morphological properties of novolac‐type phenolic resin blended with fullerenol polyurethane and linear polyurethane (2001)

Abstract Fullerenol polyurethane (C 60 ‐PU) and linear polyurethane (linear‐PU) modified phenolic resins were prepared in this study. Phenolic resin/C 60 ‐PU and phenolic resin/linear‐PU blends show good miscibility as a result of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding existing between phenolic resin and PU modifiers. DSC and thermogravimetric analysis methods were used to study the thermal properties of phenolic resin blended with different types of PUs. The intermolecular hydrogen bonding that existed between phenolic resin and C 60 ‐PU was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The morphology and mechanical properties of phenolic resin/C 60 ‐PU and phenolic resin/linear‐PU blends were also investigated. The char yield of the modified phenolic resins decreased with increasing PU modifier content. Significant improvement in the toughness of the modified phenolic resins was observed. The improvements of impact strength were 27.4% for the phenolic resin/linear‐PU system and 54.3% for the phenolic resin/C 60 ‐PU system, respectively, both with 3 phr linear‐PU and C 60 ‐PU content. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 39: 2436–2443, 2001
MODELING IN THE TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS IN JAMAICA: CHANGING ATTITUDE AND PERFORMANCE. IS THIS THE WAY FORWARD? (2018)

INTRODUCTION: The performance of Jamaican candidates in Mathematics has generally been below expectations for decades; policy-makers, educators, scholars, and other stakeholders have sought to understand root of the problem, and to institute measures to address the performance deficit in Mathematics. There is no denying that we should place the teaching of Mathematics equally in any discourse, on the â€˜under-performanceâ€™ of Jamaican students in the discipline. OBJECTIVES: To (1) evaluate whether changing the human environment in a classroom can significantly alter the performance of students in Mathematics, (2) determine the attitude of students towards Mathematics,(3) examine the role of model-teaching in reducing the under-performance of Jamaican candidates in Mathematics, (4) determine whether students attitude changes with modelteaching, (5) and determine the studentsâ€™ attitude towards the teacher of Mathematics. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The researchers employed ahybrid research design in the conducting of this research-a mixing of (1) causal design and (2) experimental design. A P value of â‰¤ 5% (..0.05) was used to determine statistical significance and the data analysis took the form of descriptive, bivariate and multivariate statistics. FINDINGS: A significant difference emerged between the mean scores for students in the Pre-Test Experimental group ( = âˆ’1.842, = 0.029), which was not the case in the Control group ( = âˆ’1.832, = 0.077).For the PreTest or the Post-Testin the Experimental group( = âˆ’1.884, = 0.071) and Control Group on the Post-Test ( = âˆ’1.330, = 0.117), the overall attitude of the respondents towards Mathematics was very high, 135.5 Â±25.7; 129.5 âˆ’ 141.4. CONCLUSION: Further study need to be conducted to determine the influence of Modeling on attitude toward Mathematics. The studentsâ€™ basic concepts in Mathematics was limited. KEYWORDS: Attitude Towards Mathematics, Model, Mathematics, UnderPerformance, GSAT, CSEC.
Poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene‐alt‐α‐fluoroacrylonitrile): Synthesis and structural analysis of a new alternating copolymer (1992)

Abstract Poly(1,3‐cyclohexadiene‐alt‐α‐fluoroacrylonitrile) [poly(1,3‐CHD/α‐FAN)], an alternating copolymer of α‐fluoroacrylonitrile and 1,3‐cyclohexadiene has been prepared in bulk using varied monomer feed ratios and AIBN as initiator at 65°C. Elemental and 1 H‐NMR analyses indicate that the copolymer contains an equimolar composition of α‐FAN and 1,3‐CHD as observed for alternating copolymers with donor‐acceptor polymerizations. A 2‐D 1 H‐COSY NMR experiment indicates that the copolymer contains 1,4‐linkages across the cyclohexene unit while more reliable 13 C‐NMR spectra suggests the copolymer to contain both 1,2‐ and 1,4‐linkages. Poly(1,3‐CHD/α‐FAN) exhibits improved thermal stability relative to the alternating copolymer of 1,3‐CHD and α‐chloroacrylonitrile due to a higher resistance to HF elimination relative to HCl elimination.
Viscoelastic characterization of elliptical mechanical heterogeneities using a semi-analytical shear-wave scattering model for elastometry measures (2013)

This paper presents a semi-analytical model of shear wave scattering by a viscoelastic elliptical structure embedded in a viscoelastic medium, and its application in the context of dynamic elastography imaging. The commonly used assumption of mechanical homogeneity in the inversion process is removed introducing a priori geometrical information to model physical interactions of plane shear waves with the confined mechanical heterogeneity. Theoretical results are first validated using the finite element method for various mechanical configurations and incidence angles. Secondly, an inverse problem is formulated to assess viscoelastic parameters of both the elliptic inclusion and its surrounding medium, and applied in vitro to characterize mechanical properties of agar-gelatin phantoms. The robustness of the proposed inversion method is then assessed under various noise conditions, biased geometrical parameters and compared to direct inversion, phase gradient and time-of-flight methods. The proposed elastometry method appears reliable in the context of estimating confined lesion viscoelastic parameters.
Covid‐19 and the digestive system (2020)

The novel coronavirus disease is currently causing a major pandemic. It is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a member of the Betacoronavirus genus that also includes the SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. While patients typically present with fever and a respiratory illness, some patients also report gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Studies have identified the SARS-CoV-2 RNA in stool specimens of infected patients, and its viral receptor angiotensin converting enzyme 2 was found to be highly expressed in gastrointestinal epithelial cells. These suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can actively infect and replicate in the gastrointestinal tract. This has important implications to the disease management, transmission, and infection control. In this article, we review the important gastrointestinal aspects of the disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Antiplasmodial and Cholinesterase Inhibiting Activities of Some Constituents of Psorospermum glaberrimum. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.