gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solar Adaptive Optics. (1984)

Abstract : The problem of imaging the solar surface is considered. A theoretical study is presented that indicates that traditional adaptive optic techniques are of limited usefulness for solar imaging. A new method for adaptive optic image sharpening for extended sources is described. The incoming wavefront has added to it controlled amounts of various aberrations. The image quality is sensed and an error signal derived that allows iterative corrections to the wavefront to be determined. The measure of the image quality that is used is an integrated power spectrum of the image plane distribution. It is shown that quantity is maximized for an unaberrated input wave. Results sharpening under conditions of moderately severe turbulence.
Mechanistic Consideration of pH Effect on the Enrichment of Semiconducting SWCNTs by Conjugated Polymer Extraction (2016)

Enrichment schemes providing high-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) will enable their implementation into high end and printed electronics. Conjugated polymer extraction (CPE) has been shown to be a very effective and scalable method to isolate sc-SWCNTs with purities >99.9%. However, this method is often plagued with variability, and the mechanism is not thoroughly understood. Herein, we probe the origins of selectivity in polyfluorene-assisted enrichment using poly(9,9-di-n-dodecylfluorene) (PFDD) and find that the affinity of the wrapping polymer to bind metallic (m-) and semiconducting SWCNTs is similar and may not contribute to the selectivity, but rather that oxygen-driven p-doping of the nanotubes and its dependence on the surface acidity may play a vital role for the selective dispersion of sc-SWCNT. The latter hypothesis is tested by titration experiments in which sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is used to neutralize the SWCNT surface, thus mitigating oxygen p-doping of SWCNTs that arises via the oxygen/water (O2/H2O) redox couple. The selectivity of the enrichment is completely lost when 1 equiv of NaOH per 70 SWCNT carbons is used. Oxygen doping is believed to be the driving force that triggers the aggregation of highly polarizable m-tubes. These novel observations stress that care must be taken during purification schemes prior to enrichment using CPE, which is strongly influenced by acid/base treatments, likely due to the pH dependence of p-doping via the O2/H2O redox process.
Expression of genetically distinct superoxide dismutases in the maize seedling during development (1982)

Abstract Immunoassays for the cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide dismutases (SOD) of maize were developed and used to study the expression of these proteins in the maize seedling. The genetically distinct proteins, SOD‐3 and SOD‐4, are preferentially expressed in the scutellum, comprising approximately 1% of the total water‐soluble protein of that tissue. SOD‐2, SOD‐3, and SOD‐4 are synthesized in the scutellum during early sporophytic development, probably on cytosolic ribosomes. Two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis of crude scutellar extracts indicates that significant changes occur in the protein composition of the maize scutellum following seed imbibition. Using the immunoassays, a maize line exhibiting a significant reduction in cyanide‐sensitive SOD protein was identified.
ON THE RADIATION PATTERN OF THE L-SHAPED WIRE ANTENNA (2009)

An objective of the present study is to make a physical insight into the radiation properties of an L-shaped wire antenna. More specifically, the study is focused on the effects of the antenna geometry over the characteristic radiation pattern of an L-shaped wire antenna. Regarding the basic equations for the radiated field, three main regions according to the length-height ratio of an L-shaped wire antenna have been determined. The said regions depict the geometrical boundaries where the L-shaped wire antenna loses its characteristic monopoletype radiation pattern. In this sense and relating to the aspect ratio of the L-shaped antenna, the said radiation properties can be easily varied in order to achieve a half isotropic radiation pattern or even, a patch-type radiation pattern. Thus, the method described herein demonstrates that simple modifications applied to the geometry of a basic structure, allow obtaining radiation properties associated to more complex structures.
Corrigendum to 'synthetic traces for trace-driven simulation of cache memories' (1993)

Three errors appearing in the above-tilted paper by D. Thiebaut, J. Wolf, and H. Stone (see ibid., vol.41, no.4, p.388-410, 1992) are corrected. They were introduced during the revision process and do not affect the results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fast and robust detection of colistin resistance in Escherichia coli using the MALDI Biotyper Sirius mass spectrometry system (2019)

ABSTRACT Polymyxin antibiotics are a last-line treatment for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, the emergence of colistin resistance, including the spread of mobile mcr genes, necessitates the development of improved diagnostics for the detection of colistin-resistant organisms in hospital settings. The recently developed MALDIxin test enables detection of colistin resistance by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in less than 15 minutes but is not optimized for the mass spectrometers commonly found in clinical microbiology laboratories. In this study, we adapted the MALDIxin test for the MALDI Biotyper Sirius MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry system (Bruker Daltonics). We optimized the sample preparation protocol using a set of 6 MCR-expressing Escherichia coli clones and validated the assay with a collection of 40 E. coli clinical isolates, including 19 MCR producers, 12 chromosomally-resistant isolates and 9 polymyxin-susceptible isolates. We calculated Polymyxin resistance ratio (PRR) values from the acquired spectra; a PRR value of zero, indicating polymyxin susceptibility, was obtained for all colistin-susceptible E. coli isolates, whereas positive PRR values, indicating resistance to polymyxins, were obtained for all resistant strains independent of the genetic basis of resistance. Thus, we report a preliminary feasibility study showing that an optimized version of the MALDIxin test, adapted for the routine MALDI Biotyper Sirius, provides an unbiased, fast, reliable, cost-effective and high-throughput way of detecting colistin resistance in clinical E. coli isolates.
Contribution of copy number variants to schizophrenia from a genome-wide study of 41,321 subjects (2016)

Copy number variants (CNVs) have been strongly implicated in the genetic etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). However, genome-wide investigation of the contribution of CNV to risk has been hampered by limited sample sizes. We sought to address this obstacle by applying a centralized analysis pipeline to a SCZ cohort of 21,094 cases and 20,227 controls. A global enrichment of CNV burden was observed in cases (odds ratio (OR) = 1.11, P = 5.7 x 10(-15)), which persisted after excluding loci implicated in previous studies (OR = 1.07, P = 1.7 x 10(-6)). CNV burden was enriched for genes associated with synaptic function (OR = 1.68, P = 2.8 x 10(-11)) and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mouse (OR = 1.18, P = 7.3 x 10(-5)). Genome-wide significant evidence was obtained for eight loci, including 1q21.1, 2p16.3 (NRXN1), 3q29, 7q11.2, 15q13.3, distal 16p11.2, proximal 16p11.2 and 22q11.2. Suggestive support was found for eight additional candidate susceptibility and protective loci, which consisted predominantly of CNVs mediated by nonallelic homologous recombination.
Total synthesis of fluorinated analogues of inositol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1992)

Syntheses of fluorinated analogues of inositol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate are described. 1-Deoxy-1-fluoro-scyllo-inositol, 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-myo-inositol, DL-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-scyllo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and DL-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-myo-inositol, 1,4,5-trisphosphate have been prepared. Preparation of the (—)-camphanate ester of DL-3,6-di-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-4,5-O-isopropylidene-myo-inositol facilitated the chromatographic separation of diastereoisomers. The absolute configuration of the diastereoisomeric camphanate of the protected D-myo-inositol derivative was determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The separated diastereoisomers, after removal of camphanate and isopropylidene moieties, were used to synthesize both the D- and the L-enantiomer of 2-deoxy-2,2-difluoro-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate.
Always Acyclic Distributed Path Computation (2009)

Distributed routing algorithms may give rise to transient loops during path recomputation, which can pose significant stability problems in high-speed networks. We present a new algorithm, Distributed Path Computation with Intermediate Variables (DIV), which can be combined with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">any</i> distributed routing algorithm to guarantee that the directed graph induced by the routing decisions remains acyclic at all times. The key contribution of DIV, besides its ability to operate with any routing algorithm, is an update mechanism using simple message exchanges between neighboring nodes that guarantees loop-freedom at all times. DIV provably outperforms existing loop-prevention algorithms in several key metrics such as frequency of synchronous updates and the ability to maintain paths during transitions. Simulation results quantifying these gains in the context of shortest path routing are presented. In addition, DIV's universal applicability is illustrated by studying its use with a routing that operates according to a nonshortest path objective. Specifically, the routing seeks robustness against failures by maximizing the number of next-hops available at each node for each destination.
Dueling Deep Q-Network for Unsupervised Inter-frame Eye Movement\n Correction in Optical Coherence Tomography Volumes (2020)

In optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes of retina, the sequential\nacquisition of the individual slices makes this modality prone to motion\nartifacts, misalignments between adjacent slices being the most noticeable. Any\ndistortion in OCT volumes can bias structural analysis and influence the\noutcome of longitudinal studies. On the other hand, presence of speckle noise\nthat is characteristic of this imaging modality, leads to inaccuracies when\ntraditional registration techniques are employed. Also, the lack of a\nwell-defined ground truth makes supervised deep-learning techniques ill-posed\nto tackle the problem. In this paper, we tackle these issues by using deep\nreinforcement learning to correct inter-frame movements in an unsupervised\nmanner. Specifically, we use dueling deep Q-network to train an artificial\nagent to find the optimal policy, i.e. a sequence of actions, that best\nimproves the alignment by maximizing the sum of reward signals. Instead of\nrelying on the ground-truth of transformation parameters to guide the rewarding\nsystem, for the first time, we use a combination of intensity based image\nsimilarity metrics. Further, to avoid the agent bias towards speckle noise, we\nensure the agent can see retinal layers as part of the interacting environment.\nFor quantitative evaluation, we simulate the eye movement artifacts by applying\n2D rigid transformations on individual B-scans. The proposed model achieves an\naverage of 0.985 and 0.914 for normalized mutual information and correlation\ncoefficient, respectively. We also compare our model with elastix intensity\nbased medical image registration approach, where significant improvement is\nachieved by our model for both noisy and denoised volumes.\n
On Supercritical Fluids: Lattice Equations of State. II. The Role of the Segmental Contact Surface Area in the Unification of Modern Latticve Models. (1987)

Many authors have used a lattice consisting of filled and vacant sites to model compressive fluids. Many diverse models may be summarized by a single equation of state, with the various versions representing special cases. Liquid vapor coexistence and PVT data on CO2, SO2 and CHF3 were used to test the general model. The model also tested well on the considerable and consistent isothermal PV data on polystyrene. Keywords: Equations of State; Lattice equations; carbon dioxide; sulfur dioxide; polystyrene; vapor liquid equilibria; Trifluoro methane.
Data from iPSC-Derived Neoantigen-Specific CTL Therapy for Ewing Sarcoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The prognosis of Ewing sarcoma caused by &lt;i&gt;EWS/FLI1&lt;/i&gt; fusion is poor, especially after metastasis. Although therapy with CTLs targeted against altered EWS/FLI1 sequences at the gene break/fusion site may be effective, CTLs generated from peripheral blood are often exhausted because of continuous exposure to tumor antigens. We addressed this by generating induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)–derived functionally rejuvenated CTLs (rejT) directed against the neoantigen encoded by the &lt;i&gt;EWS/FLI1&lt;/i&gt; fusion gene. In this study, we examined the antitumor effects of EWS/FLI1-rejTs against Ewing sarcoma. The altered amino acid sequence at the break/fusion point of EWS/FLI1, when presented as a neoantigen, evokes an immune response that targets &lt;i&gt;EWS/FLI1&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; sarcoma. Although the frequency of generated EWS/FLI1-specific CTLs was only 0.003%, we successfully established CTL clones from a healthy donor. We established iPSCs from a EWS/FLI1-specific CTL clone and redifferentiated them into EWS/FLI1-specific rejTs. To evaluate cytotoxicity, we cocultured EWS/FLI1-rejTs with Ewing sarcoma cell lines. EWS/FLI1-rejTs rapidly and continuously suppressed the proliferation of Ewing sarcoma for &gt;40 hours. Using a Ewing sarcoma xenograft mouse model, we verified the antitumor effect of EWS/FLI1-rejTs via imaging, and EWS/FLI1-rejTs conferred a statistically significant survival advantage. “Off-the-shelf” therapy is less destructive and disruptive than chemotherapy, and radiation is always desirable, particularly in adolescents, whom Ewing sarcoma most often affects. Thus, EWS/FLI1-rejTs targeting a Ewing sarcoma neoantigen could be a promising new therapeutic tool.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Canadian paediatricians' approaches to managing patients with adverse events following immunization: The role of the Special Immunization Clinic network (2014)

Patients who experience challenging adverse events following immunization or potential vaccine contraindications are encountered by paediatricians and subspecialists in all practice settings. The SIC network will be able to respond to a clinical need and support paediatricians in managing these patients.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Integrative Radiogenomic Profiling of Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 103K, NFE2L2 is frequently activated in human cancers.&lt;/p&gt;
Volume fraction determination in pneumatic conveying systems by means of the pseudo transmission measurement concept using a transpolarizing reflector (2012)

In this contribution a measurement concept, named pseudo transmission method, is presented. It aimes at volume fraction determination in multi phase flows which is a relevant physical quantity for the mass flow determination in latter systems. Fundamentals concerning the material composition as well as necessary mixing equations for effective permittivities are investigated, discussed and adopted to the pseudo transmission measurement concept. In addition a transpolarizing reflector, which is essential for the pseudo transmission measurement method is discussed and evaluated in electromagnetic simulations. The proposed monitoring concept is validated in various electromagnetic field simulations. Finally, measurements that were performed with a calibrated vector network analyzer on plastic phantoms inserted into a glass tube are presented and discussed in detail.
Multifunctional 2‐ and 3‐Fluoropyrroles (2019)

Sequential reaction cascades for the synthesis of polysubstituted 2‐ and 3‐fluoropyrrole derivatives from common polybromopyrrole precursors have been developed. A strategic variation of a combination of regioselective debromolithiation followed by trapping of the corresponding carbanions by electrophilic fluorination and Pd catalysed cross‐coupling reactions allows access to polyfunctional fluoropyrrole products by methodology applicable to drug discovery programs, extending the range of five‐membered fluoroazaheteroaromatic derivatives potentially available for incorporation into screening libraries.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of Erythromycin E by Pathogenic Nocardia brasiliensis. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Crosstalk rejection in full-field optical coherence tomography using spatially incoherent illumination with a partially coherent source (2010)

The recent advent of ultra high frame rate cameras gives rise to the possibility of constructing swept source full-field OCT systems with achievable volume rates approaching 10Hz and net A-scan rates approaching 10MHz. Unfortunately, when illuminated with partially coherent light, full-field OCT in turbid media suffers resolution and SNR degradation from coherent multiple scattering, a phenomenon commonly referred to as crosstalk. As a result, most FFOCT systems employ thermal sources, which provide spatially incoherent illumination to achieve crosstalk rejection. However, these thermal sources preclude the use of swept source lasers. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a carefully configured FFOCT system employing multimode fiber in the illumination arm to reduce the spatial coherence of a partially coherent source. By reducing the coherence area below the system resolution, the illumination becomes effectively spatially incoherent and crosstalk is largely rejected. We compare FFOCT images of a USAF test chart positioned beneath both transparent and turbid phantoms using both illumination schemes.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANTIPHLOGISTIC, ANTIPYRETIC, AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES OF 5‐BENZISOTHIAZOLYLALKANOIC ACIDS AND THEIR FUNCTIONAL DERIVATIVES (1985)

A new series of 3-methoxy-1,2-benzisothiazol-5-ylacetic acid analogs and some of their functional derivatives were synthesized and tested for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities. From an analysis of the relationship between structure and pharmacological activity, it was observed that modifications in the acid group induced useful variations in the parameters studied.
Cigarette Smoke Drives Small Airway Remodeling by Induction of Growth Factors in the Airway Wall (2006)

These findings suggest that smoke can induce growth factor and procollagen production in small airways in a time frame that initially is too short for a significant inflammatory response and that profibrotic growth factor and procollagen gene expression become self-sustaining with repeated smoke exposures. These results imply that the pathogenesis of and possible treatment approaches to emphysema and small airway remodeling might be quite different.
Allergen hybrids – next generation vaccines for Fagales pollen immunotherapy (2013)

The hybrid molecules showed a more efficient uptake and processing by dendritic cells resulting in a modified T cell response. The proteins had a lower IgE-binding capacity compared with the parental allergens, thus the high safety profile and increased efficacy emphasize clinical application for the treatment of Fagales multi-sensitization.
A full-duplex symmetric WDM-PON featuring OSSB downlink modulation with optical down-conversion (2008)

We demonstrate a full-duplex, bandwidth symmetric WDM PON based on periodic filtering and reflective ONUs. It features an all-optical down-converted downlink optical single side band modulation and reuses the carrier for upstream colorless remodulation.
MAN VERSUS MACHINE: BRAVE NEW SURGERY (2004)

No AccessJournal of UrologyEditorials1 Dec 2004MAN VERSUS MACHINE: BRAVE NEW SURGERY Ralph V. Clayman Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/01.ju.0000147761.25755.dcAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "MAN VERSUS MACHINE: BRAVE NEW SURGERY." The Journal of Urology, 172(6 Part 1), p. 2128 Urological Survey Section Editor© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 172Issue 6 Part 1December 2004Page: 2128 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2004 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Neutralization of Omicron sublineages and Deltacron SARS-CoV-2 by 3 doses of BNT162b2 vaccine or BA.1 infection (2022)

Abstract Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages have evolved showing increased fitness and immune evasion than the original Omicron variant BA.1. Here we report the neutralization activity of sera from BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals or unimmunized Omicron BA.1-infected individuals against Omicron sublineages and “Deltacron” variant (XD). BNT162b2 post-dose 3 immune sera neutralized USA-WA1/2020, Omicron BA.1-, BA.2-, BA.2.12.1-, BA.3-, BA.4/5-, and XD-spike SARS-CoV-2s with geometric mean titers (GMTs) of 1335, 393, 298, 315, 216, 103, and 301, respectively; thus, BA.4/5 SARS-CoV-2 spike variant showed the highest propensity to evade vaccine neutralization compared to the original Omicron variants BA.1. BA.1-convalescent sera neutralized USA-WA1/2020, BA.1-, BA.2-, BA.2.12.1-, BA.3-, BA.4/5-, and Deltacron-spike SARS-CoV-2s with GMTs of 15, 430, 110, 109, 102, 25, and 284, respectively. The low neutralization titers of vaccinated sera or convalescent sera from BA. 1 infected individuals against the emerging and rapidly spreading Omicron BA.4/5 variants provide important results for consideration in the selection of an updated vaccine in the current Omicron wave.
Role of ventral medullary catecholaminergic neurons for respiratory modulation of sympathetic outflow in rats (2017)

Sympathetic activity displays rhythmic oscillations generated by brainstem inspiratory and expiratory neurons. Amplification of these rhythmic respiratory-related oscillations is observed in rats under enhanced central respiratory drive or during development of neurogenic hypertension. Herein, we evaluated the involvement of ventral medullary sympatho-excitatory catecholaminergic C1 neurons, using inhibitory Drosophila allatostatin receptors, for the enhanced expiratory-related oscillations in sympathetic activity in rats submitted to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) and following activation of both peripheral (hypoxia) and central chemoreceptors (hypercapnia). Pharmacogenetic inhibition of C1 neurons bilaterally resulted in reductions of their firing frequency and amplitude of inspiratory-related sympathetic activity in rats in normocapnia, hypercapnia or after CIH. In contrast, hypercapnia or hypoxia-induced enhanced expiratory-related sympathetic oscillations were unaffected by C1 neuronal inhibition. Inhibition of C1 neurons also resulted in a significant fall in arterial pressure and heart rate that was similar in magnitude between normotensive and CIH hypertensive rats, but basal arterial pressure in CIH rats remained higher compared to controls. C1 neurons play a key role in regulating inspiratory modulation of sympathetic activity and arterial pressure in both normotensive and CIH hypertensive rats, but they are not involved in the enhanced late-expiratory-related sympathetic activity triggered by activation of peripheral or central chemoreceptors.