gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantification of Large Scale Micro-X-Ray Fluorescence Elemental Images (2001)

Niobium is commonly alloyed with uranium to prevent surface oxidation, and determining how the niobium concentration is distributed throughout a sample is useful in explaining observed material properties. The niobium concentration distribution was determined across the surface of depleted uranium samples using micro-X-ray fluorescence (MXRF). To date, MXRF has been employed primarily as a qualitative tool for determining relative differences in elemental concentrations across a sample surface. Here, a process was developed to convert qualitative MXRF niobium distribution images from depleted uranium samples into images displaying concentration values. Thus, MXRF was utilized to determine elemental concentrations across a surface in a manner similar to that of the established method of electron microprobe X-ray analysis (EMPA). However, MXRF can provide such information from relatively large sample areas many cm 2 in size that are too large to examine by the higher spatial resolution technique of EMPA. Although the sample surfaces were polished to the same degree as the standards, little or no sample preparation should be necessary for sample systems where a high energy analyte XRF line can be used for imaging.
MDM2 Derived from Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma Extracellular Vesicles Induces MMP2 Production from Preadipocytes (2019)

Dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DDLPS) is frequently diagnosed late, and patients typically respond poorly to treatments. DDLPS is molecularly characterized by wild-type p53 and amplification of the <i>MDM2</i> gene, which results in overexpression of MDM2 protein, a key oncogenic process in DDLPS. In this study, we demonstrate that extracellular vesicles derived from patients with DDLPS or from DDLPS cell lines are carriers of MDM2 DNA that can be transferred to preadipocytes, a major and ubiquitous cellular component of the DDLPS tumor microenvironment, leading to impaired p53 activity in preadipocytes and increased proliferation, migration, and production of matrix metalloproteinase 2; treatment with MDM2 inhibitors repressed these effects. Overall, these findings indicate that MDM2 plays a crucial role in DDLPS by enabling cross-talk between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment and that targeting vesicular MDM2 could represent a therapeutic option for treating DDLPS. SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular vesicles derived from dedifferentiated liposarcoma cells induce oncogenic properties in preadipocytes.
Completely Planarized W Plugs using MnO2 CMP (1995)

In tungsten (W) polishing, MnO2 has been used as an abrasive to form plugs without etching holes in seams during CMP. We found that MnO2 polishes 1.5 times faster than the standard Al2O3 abrasive, and can be completely removed during the cleaning process
Thyrotropin Regulates Thyroid Cell Proliferation by Up-Regulating miR-23b and miR-29b that Target SMAD3 (2012)

These findings support the idea that the regulation of miRNA expression synergizes with the traditional proliferation pathways in promoting cell growth.
Protection of macaques against vaginal SHIV challenge by systemic or mucosal and systemic vaccinations with HIV-envelope (2008)

The results of this study demonstrate that, in the nonhuman primate model, it is possible for vaccine-elicited immune responses to prevent infection after intravaginal administration of virus.
Organogels with Complexes of Ions and Phosphorus-Containing Amphiphiles as Gelators. Spontaneous Gelation by in Situ Complexation (2008)

The properties of thermally reversible organogels that are formed spontaneously upon mixing a phosphonic acid monoester, monophosphonic acid, or bisphosphonate ester, each containing a long alkyl chain substituent, with one of several compounds of aluminum(III) and boron(III) in an organic liquid were studied by IR, NMR, optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and rheological techniques. Attempts to form gels with zirconium(IV) were unsuccessful. Gelation occurred at room temperature upon complexation, leading to the formation of entangled networks of elongated objects similar to giant, worm-like micelles. On the basis of the diversity of the liquids gelated, the minimum concentration of gelator required to make a gel at room temperature (typically <5 wt %), and the temporal and thermal stabilities of the gels, Al complexes of phosphonic acid monoesters were found to be better gelators than bisphosphonate complexes. Several of the gels formed from the monophosphonate-Al complexes were stable for very long periods when they were kept in sealed tubes at room temperature. When heated, they reverted to sols over wide temperature ranges. The nature of the gels and the complexes from which they were formed were correlated, especially for those with the phosphonic acid monoester. The results describe an interesting class of two-component gelators that can be made from freely flowing solutions by mixing the components at room temperature, without the need for a catalyst, radiation, or sonication. The properties of the gels can be modulated by careful choice of the structural variables in the phosphorus-containing latent gelators.
Glucose Reversion Reaction Kinetics (2010)

The reversion reactions of glucose in mildly acidic aqueous solutions have been studied, and the kinetics of conversion to disaccharides has been modeled. The experiments demonstrate that, at high sugar loadings, up to 12 wt % of the glucose can be converted into reversion products. The reversion products observed are primarily disaccharides; no larger oligosaccharides were observed. Only disaccharides linked to the C1 carbon of one of the glucose residues were observed. The formation of 1,6-linked disaccharides was favored, and alpha-linked disaccharides were formed at higher concentrations than beta-linked disaccharides. This observation can be rationalized on the basis of steric effects. At temperatures >140 degrees C, the disaccharides reach equilibrium with glucose and the reversion reaction competes with dehydration reactions to form 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. As a result, disaccharide formation reaches a maximum at reaction times <10 min and decreases with time. At temperatures <130 degrees C, disaccharide formation reaches a maximum at reaction times >30 min. As expected, disaccharide formation exhibits a second-order dependence upon glucose concentration. Levoglucosan formation is also observed; because it shows a first-order dependence upon glucose concentration, its formation is more significant at low concentrations (10 mg mL(-1)), whereas disaccharide formation dominates at high concentrations (200 mg mL(-1)). Experiments conducted using glucose and its disaccharides were calibrated with readily available standards. The kinetic parameters for hydrolysis of some glucodisaccharides could be compared to published literature values. From these experiments, the kinetics and activation energies for the reversion reactions have been calculated. The rate parameters can be used to model the formation of the disaccharides as a function of reaction time and temperature. A new and detailed picture of the molecular mechanism of these industrially important reversion reactions has been developed.
The heme-regulated inhibitor kinase requires dimerization for heme-sensing activity (2022)

The heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) is a heme-sensing kinase that regulates mRNA translation in erythroid cells. In heme deficiency, HRI is activated to phosphorylate eukaryotic initiation factor 2α and halt production of globins, thus avoiding accumulation of heme-free globin chains. HRI is inhibited by heme via binding to one or two heme-binding domains within the HRI N-terminal and kinase domains. HRI has recently been found to inhibit fetal hemoglobin (HbF) production in adult erythroid cells. Depletion of HRI increases HbF production, presenting a therapeutically exploitable target for the treatment of patients with sickle cell disease or thalassemia, which benefit from elevated HbF levels. HRI is known to be an oligomeric enzyme that is activated through autophosphorylation, although the exact nature of the HRI oligomer, its relation to autophosphorylation, and its mode of heme regulation remain unclear. Here, we employ biochemical and biophysical studies to demonstrate that HRI forms a dimeric species that is not dependent on autophosphorylation, the C-terminal coiled-coil domain in HRI is essential for dimer formation, and dimer formation facilitates efficient autophosphorylation and activation of HRI. We also employ kinetic studies to demonstrate that the primary avenue by which heme inhibits HRI is through the heme-binding site within the kinase domain, and that this inhibition is relatively independent of binding of ATP and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α substrates. Together, these studies highlight the mode of heme inhibition and the importance of dimerization in human HRI heme-sensing activity.
The Use of Relaxin Improves Healing in Injured Muscle (2005)

To improve the functional recovery of injured skeletal muscle, we have focused our efforts on both enhancement of muscle regeneration and prevention of fibrosis. The polypeptide cytokine/growth factor relaxin can inhibit fibrous tissue formation in many tissues. As a member of the insulin-like growth factor family, relaxin also is a potential stimulator of muscle regeneration. In the current experiment, we examined the antifibrotic effect of relaxin in injured skeletal muscle. We also investigated if the injection of relaxin would influence muscle regeneration after injury. Our results demonstrate that relaxin treatment improved histologic and physiologic healing of muscles subjected to traumatic injury.
Table S1 from SLFN5 Regulates LAT1-Mediated mTOR Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Significantly down-reg genes in SLFN5 KO cells and tumours&lt;/p&gt;
Paracoccidioides HSP90 can be found in the cell surface and is a target for antibodies with therapeutic potential (2020)

Abstract Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is one of the most frequent systemic mycoses in Latin America. It affects mainly male rural workers in impoverished regions, and the therapy can last up to two years or use drugs that are very toxic. Given the need for novel safe and effective approaches to treat PCM, we have been developing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that could be used not only to block specific fungal targets, but also modulate the host’s antifungal immunity. In this work we show the generation of and promising results with a mAb against HSP90, a molecular chaperone that is an important virulence factor in fungi. Using recombinant Paracoccidioides lutzii (Pb01) and P. brasiliensis (Pb18) HSP90 proteins produced in E. coli , we immunized mice and generated polyclonal antibodies and an IgG1 hybridoma mAb. The proteins were very immunogenic and both the polyclonal serum and mAb were used in immunofluorescence experiments, which showed binding of antibodies to the yeast cell surface. The mAb successfully opsonized P. lutzii and P. brasiliensis cells in co-incubations with J774.16 macrophage-like cells. Our results suggest that this mAb could serve as the basis for new immunotherapy regimens for PCM. Author summary Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is a severe disease caused by fungi, common in Latin America. It is treatable, but some of the drugs that are available are very toxic or not very effective, and the treatment can take as long as two years to clear the infection. To address the need for improved therapeutic alternatives, we have been developing drug candidates based on antibody technologies against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and P. lutzii , which cause PCM. In this work, we produced monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that bind to the fungal protein HSP90, which is essential for fungal cells to survive. One mAb, 4D11, recognized the HSP90 target on the surface of fungal cells. These antibody-covered cells were ingested more efficiently by immune cells called macrophages, suggesting they could improve the host resistance to infection by Paracoccidioides . Future improvements on these antibodies could thus lead to more effective and safer PCM treatments.
Beamforming based on null-steering with small spacing linear microphone arrays (2018)

This paper develops an approach to beamforming with small spacing uniform linear microphone arrays based on the null-steering (NS) principle. It first formulates the beamforming problem from the conventional mean-squared error (MSE) criterion and its normalized version. Several NS algorithms are then derived for beamforming with the constraint of placing nulls to either a single direction or multiple angles. The difference and relationships between different algorithms are discussed and their performances are evaluated. These algorithms can be used to design either fixed or adaptive beamformers. In the former case, the resulting beamformers work as differential microphone arrays (DMAs) since they exhibit frequency-invariant beampatterns and their directivity factors are high with a given number of sensors. In the latter case, the resulting beamformers can be viewed as a combination of DMAs and single-channel noise reduction since they do not only exhibit frequency-invariant beampatterns but also can achieve noise reduction based on the noise statistics.
Electrooculography dataset for reading detection in the wild (2019)

Because of the diversity of document layouts and reading styles, detecting reading activities in real life is a challenging task compared to the detection in the laboratory setting. For contributing to the implementation of robust reading detection algorithms, we introduce a dataset which contains 220 hours of sensor signals from JINS MEME electrooculography glasses and corresponding ground truth activity labels. As a baseline study, we propose a statistical feature based reading detection approach and evaluate it on the dataset.
Reduced to Hierarchy: Carbon Filament-Supported Mixed Metal Oxide Nanoparticles (2019)

We describe a one-pot synthesis method for carbon filament-supported mixed metal oxide nanoparticles. The thermal intracrystalline reaction of adamantanecarboxylate ions confined inside interlayer galleries of layered double hydroxide materials under a reducing atmosphere (H<sub>2</sub>) leads to carbon filaments forming in situ within the material. Raman spectroscopy and combined microscopy techniques show the formation of hybrid organic-inorganic carbon filaments with the mixed metal oxide particles interleaved.
Computational Complexity of Decoding Orthogonal Space-Time Block Codes (2009)

The computational complexity of optimum decoding for an orthogonal space-time block code G satisfying the orthogonality property that the Hermitian transpose of G multiplied by G is equal to a constant c times the sum of the squared symbols of the code times an identity matrix, where c is a positive integer is quantified. Four equivalent techniques of optimum decoding which have the same computational complexity are specified. Modifications to the basic formulation in special cases are calculated and illustrated by means of examples. This paper corrects and extends [1],[2], and unifies them with the results from the literature. In addition, a number of results from the literature are extended to the case c &gt; 1.
Specific immunotherapy of MUC1-positive adenocarcinomas with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing MUC1 and IL-2 (2001)

Background: Disruption of the balance between apoptosis and proliferation is considered to be an important factor in the development and progression of tumor. In this study we determined the in vivo cell kinetics along the spectrum of apparently normal epithelium, hyperplasia, preinvasive lesions and invasive carcinoma, in breast tissues affected by fibrocystic changes in which preinvasive and/or invasive lesions developed, as a model of breast carcinogenesis. Materials and method: A total of 32 areas of apparently normal epithelium and 135 ductal proliferative and neoplastic lesions were studied. More than one epithelial lesion per case was analyzed. The apoptotic index (AI) and the proliferative index (PI) were expressed as the percentage of TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-nick end-labelling) and Ki-67 positive cells, respectively. The proliferative/apoptotic index (P/A) was calculated for each case. Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated significant differences among the tissue groups for both indices (P < 0.0001). The Als and PIs were significantly higher in hyperplasia than in apparently normal epithelium (P = 0.04 and P = 0.0005, respectively), in atypical hyperplasia than in hyperplasia (P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively) and in invasive carcinoma than in in situ carcinoma (P = 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The two indices were similar in atypical hyperplasia and in in situ carcinoma. The P/A index increased significantly from normal epithelium to hyperplasia (P = 0.01) and from preinvasive lesions to invasive carcinoma (P = 0.04), whereas it was decreased (NS) from hyperplasia to preinvasive lesions. A strong positive correlation between the Als and the Pls was found (r = 0.83; P < 0.0001).
Effects of Addition of Blocking Agents on Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay of Okadaic Acid Using a Microfluidic Device (2023)

マイクロ流体デバイスを利用した分析では，流路壁面への試料等の吸着が問題になる場合がある．特にポリジメチルシロキサン（PDMS）製デバイスを用いた免疫分析では，抗体や測定対象等の吸着が測定性能に大きく影響する．そこで本研究では，下痢性貝毒であるオカダ酸（OA）を測定対象として，蛍光偏光免疫分析によるオカダ酸の検出感度における二種類のブロックキング剤添加の影響について検討した．また，得られた検量線から抗体とトレーサーに対する解離定数を算出した．
Photoelectron spectra of molecules. III. Ionization potentials of some cyclic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, and heats of formation and ionization potentials calculated by the MINDO[minimum neglect of differential overlap]SCF MO method (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectron spectra of molecules. III. Ionization potentials of some cyclic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, and heats of formation and ionization potentials calculated by the MINDO[minimum neglect of differential overlap]SCF MO methodN. Bodor, Michael J. S. Dewar, and S. D. WorleyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 1, 19–24Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00704a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00704a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An ActivatedO→NAcyl Transfer Auxiliary:  Efficient Amide-Backbone Substitution of Hindered “Difficult” Peptides (2000)

Overcoming the phenomenon known as "difficult" synthetic sequences has been a major goal in solid-phase peptide synthesis for over 30 years. In this work the advantages of amide backbone-substitution in the solid-phase synthesis of "difficult" peptides are augmented by developing an activated N(alpha)()-acyl transfer auxiliary. Apart from disrupting troublesome intermolecular hydrogen-bonding networks, the primary function of the activated N(alpha)()-auxiliary was to facilitate clean and efficient acyl capture of large or beta-branched amino acids and improve acyl transfer yields to the secondary N(alpha)()-amine. We found o-hydroxyl-substituted nitrobenzyl (Hnb) groups were suitable N(alpha)()-auxiliaries for this purpose. The relative acyl transfer efficiency of the Hnb auxiliary was superior to the 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl (Hmb) auxiliary with protected amino acids of varying size. Significantly, this difference in efficiency was more pronounced between more sterically demanding amino acids. The Hnb auxiliary is readily incorporated at the N(alpha)()-amine during SPPS by reductive alkylation of its corresponding benzaldehyde derivative and conveniently removed by mild photolysis at 366 nm. The usefulness of the Hnb auxiliary for the improvement of coupling efficiencies in the chain-assembly of difficult peptides was demonstrated by the efficient Hnb-assisted Fmoc solid-phase synthesis of a known hindered difficult peptide sequence, STAT-91. This work suggests the Hnb auxiliary will significantly enhance our ability to synthesize difficult polypeptides and increases the applicability of amide-backbone substitution.
Modelling of electrostatic forces for microassembly (2005)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Photoelectric polarization-sensitive broadband photoresponse from interface junction states in graphene (2016)

Graphene has established itself as a promising optoelectronic material. Many details of the photoresponse (PR) mechanisms in graphene in the THz-to-visible range have been revealed, however, new intricacies continue to emerge. Interface junctions, formed at the boundaries between parts of graphene with different number of layers or different stacking orders, and making connection between electrical contacts, provide another peculiar setup to establish PR. Here, we experimentally demonstrate an enhanced polarization sensitive photoelectric PR in graphene sheets containing interface junctions as compared to homogenous graphene sheets in the visible, infrared, and THz spectral regions. Our numerical simulations show that highly localized electronic states are created at the interface junctions, and these states exhibit a unique energy spectrum and enhanced probabilities for optical transitions. Here, the interaction of electrons from interface junction states with electromagnetic fields generates a polarization-sensitive PR that is maximal for the polarization direction perpendicular to the junction interface.
Abeta Immunotherapy and Other Means to Remove Amyloid (2005)

The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta) plays a key role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Accordingly, much effort has gone into reducing the amyloid burden, especially in transgenic mice expressing mutations in human amyloid precursor protein. Such mice develop amyloid plaques but not neurofibrillary tangles. Immunization with Abeta and other inflammatory stimuli, inhibitors of Abeta formation, cholesterol lowering agents, beta-sheet breaker peptides, antioxidants and various miscellaneous agents have been found to reduce the more soluble Abeta in such transgenic mice. Whether they would affect the more consolidated, cross-linked Abeta of AD and, if they did, whether that would really prove an effective treatment for the disease remains for future research to determine.