gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Latex Film Formation Probed by Nonradiative Energy Transfer:  Effect of Grafted and Free Poly(ethylene oxide) on a Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Latex (1996)

The formation of solid films from latex dispersions is studied using particles labeled with phenanthrene or anthracene comprised of either poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) or a copolymer of n-butyl methacrylate with a poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomer, co(PBMA−PEO). Interparticle polymer diffusion was followed by nonradiative electronic energy transfer (DET) between electronically excited phenanthrene and anthracene. A model of energy transfer that considers both the topological constraints and the heterogeneous distributions of donors and acceptors is presented. The analysis of the phenanthrene decay curves allows calculation of the diffusion coefficient as a unique parameter, for several annealing times. The values recovered decrease initially with annealing time, which was attributed mainly to the polydispersity of the PBMA. The addition of a small percentage of low molecular weight PEO (in the form of nonylphenolethoxylate) to the PBMA particles increases the diffusion coefficient, this effect resulting from the increase of the polymer free volume in the film. When the same percentage of PEO is incorporated in the PBMA polymer chain in the form of a grafted macromonomer, the fraction of mixing increases on drying, but during annealing the diffusion coefficients remain equal to that of PBMA without PEO.
(Polystyrylbipyridine)palladium(0): Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Mild Hydrogenation of Dienes to Monoenes (1978)

Abstract (Polystyrylbipyridine)palladium(0) is an active catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of dienes to monoenes under mild conditions. Swelling solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran or benzene, are useable under 1 atm hydrogen at 25°C. The hydrogenation of linear isomers of hexadienes results in the formation of 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐hexene in each case. The hydrogenation occurs at the same rate for each of the hexadienes and &lt; 1% hexane is observed until after consumption of the first equivalent of hydrogen. Cyclohexadiene undergoes hydrogen transfer to form cyclohexene and benzene. The chemistry observed is distinct from that observed in Bailar's use of (℗‐Ph‐CH‐ 2 P(Ph 2 ) 2 PdCl 2 as a hydrogenation catalyst.
A Probabilistic Model for Automatic Segmentation of the Esophagus in 3-D CT Scans (2011)

Being able to segment the esophagus without user interaction from 3-D CT data is of high value to radiologists during oncological examinations of the mediastinum. The segmentation can serve as a guideline and prevent confusion with pathological tissue. However, limited contrast to surrounding structures and versatile shape and appearance make segmentation a challenging problem. This paper presents a multistep method. First, a detector that is trained to learn a discriminative model of the appearance is combined with an explicit model of the distribution of respiratory and esophageal air. In the next step, prior shape knowledge is incorporated using a Markov chain model. We follow a "detect and connect" approach to obtain the maximum a posteriori estimate of the approximate esophagus shape from hypothesis about the esophagus contour in axial image slices. Finally, the surface of this approximation is nonrigidly deformed to better fit the boundary of the organ. The method is compared to an alternative approach that uses a particle filter instead of a Markov chain to infer the approximate esophagus shape, to the performance of a human observer and also to state of the art methods, which are all semiautomatic. Cross-validation on 144 CT scans showed that the Markov chain based approach clearly outperforms the particle filter. It segments the esophagus with a mean error of 1.80 mm in less than 16 s on a standard PC. This is only 1 mm above the interobserver variability and can compete with the results of previously published semiautomatic methods.
Capillary refill: a technique for obtaining histology-grade OCT angiography maps of human dermal vasculature in vivo (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) provides in-vivo images of microvasculature. In skin it often represents a dynamic perfusion state without depicting the actual extent of the vascular network. Here, we present the capillary refill method for obtaining a more accurate anatomic representation of surface capillary networks in human skin using OCTA. OCTA images were captured at baseline displaying ambient capillary perfusion and after compression and release of the skin representing the network of existing capillaries at full capacity. This method provides mapping of cutaneous capillary networks independent of ambient perfusion comparable to histological analysis of biopsies on identical skin sites.
Synthesis of fluorinated derivatives of benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and 8,9-dihydro-8,9-epoxybenzo[k]fluoranthene (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of fluorinated derivatives of benzo[k]fluoranthene and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and 8,9-dihydro-8,9-epoxybenzo[k]fluorantheneJoseph E. Rice, Anna Czech, Nalband Hussain, and Edmond J. LaVoieCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 8, 1775–1779Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00243a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00243a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views653Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Novel Glycopeptide Antibiotics: N-Alkylated Derivatives Active Against Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci. (1998)

LY264826 (A82846B) is a naturally-occurring glycopeptide antibiotic, differing from vancomycin in the stereochemistry of the amino-sugar of the disaccharide function, and the presence of a third sugar attached at the benzylic position of amino acid residue 6. Despite these seemingly subtle differences, LY264826 is approximately 10 times more active than vancomycin against the enterococci. In the pursuit of new antibiotics active against multiresistant Gram-positive organisms, an extensive side chain SAR was developed focusing on the reductive alkylation of LY264826 at the amino function of the disaccharide moiety. A new series of derivatives having varying degrees of structural diversity in the side chain (e.g. varying lengths and degrees of rigidity) was found to have potent activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (MIC's < 1.0 microgram/ml) as well as activity against staphylococci and streptococci as good or better than vancomycin.
Measurement of the Lifetime of the Doubly Charmed Baryon Ξ[subscript cc][superscript ++] (2018)

The first measurement of the lifetime of the doubly charmed baryon Ξ[subscript cc][superscript ++] is presented, with the signal reconstructed in the final state Λ[subscript c][superscript +]K[superscript -]π[superscript +]π[superscript +]. The data sample used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 fb[superscript -1], collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. The Ξ[subscript cc][superscript ++] lifetime is measured to be 0.256[subscript-0.022][superscript+0.024](stat)±0.014(syst) ps.
<title>Single and multiple viewer stereo with DLP projectors</title> (2001)

DLP (Digital Light Processing) is about to invade stereo applications, one of the last bastions of CRT projection technology. This paper presents various methods for achieving stereo and their application to DLP projectors. The newly developed sequential stereo capable projectors are also introduced and their performance characteristics discussed along with artifacts. Also presented are ways to employ these projectors to realize multiple simultaneous viewers.
Schottky-Collector Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors: Device Scaling Laws for fmax beyond 500 GHz (1995)

Heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have high transconductance and extremely reproducible DC parameters. These attributes make HBTs the device of choice for high-speed precision analog and mixed analog-digital circuits. HBT cutoff frequencies are however considerably below that of high-electron-mobility field-effect-transistors (HEMTs).
Correction for Khan et al., “Targeting the HIV-1 Spike and Coreceptor with Bi- and Trispecific Antibodies for Single-Component Broad Inhibition of Entry” (2019)

Volume 92, no. 18, e00384-18, 2018, [https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00384-18][1]. The article was originally published on 29 August 2018 with a standard copyright line (“© 2018 American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.”). We elected to pay for open access for the article after
Cardiac Safety of Modified Vaccinia Ankara for Vaccination against Smallpox in a Young, Healthy Study Population (2015)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00316524.
Temporal Association of Atrial Fibrillation With Cardiac Implanted Electronic Device Detected Heart Failure Status (2021)

Device-measured HF indicators worsened before AF onset, whereas clinical HF deterioration only became apparent after AF occurred. Thus, the sensitivity of methods to ascertain AF and HF status appear to influence the direction of perceived causality. (Multisensor Chronic Evaluation in Ambulatory Heart Failure Patients [MultiSENSE]; NCT01128166).
Spectral analysis of organic LED emitters’ orientation in thin layers by resonant emission on dielectric stacks (2021)

Purposely tailored thin film stacks sustaining surface waves have been utilized to create a unique link between emission angle and wavelength of fluorescent dye molecules. The knowledge of the thin film stack's properties allows us to derive the intrinsically emitted luminescence spectrum as well as to gain information about the orientation of fluorophores from angularly resolved experiments. This corresponds to replacing all the equipment necessary for polarized spectroscopy with a single smart thin film stack, potentially enabling single shot analyses in the future. The experimental results agree well with those from other established techniques, when analyzing the Rubrene derivative in a 2,4,6-tris(biphenyl-3-yl)-1,3,5-triazine (T2T) host used for the fabrication of optimized organic light-emitting diodes. The findings illustrate how resonant layered stacks can be applied to integrated spectroscopic analyses.
All-solid-state Ce/sup 3+/:LiCaAlF/sub 6/ amplifier for femtosecond ultraviolet pulses toward terawatt level (2002)

Chirped-pulse amplification in the ultraviolet region using Ce/sup 3+/:LiCaAlF/sub 6/ crystal is demonstrated for the first time, and 6-mJ, 290-nm pulses are compressed to 115 fs. For future upgrade over terawatt-level, 70-mm-diameter Ce/sup 3+/:LiCaAlF/sub 6/ crystal is grown successfully.
Chemical Sensors: A Perspective of the Present and Future (1998)

To a greater extent than in many areas of endeavor in the chemical sciences, successful chemical sensors require a high level of interdisciplinary collaboration and effort, along with an unusually close coupling between the ultimate application and the R&amp;D process. The tremendous growth in chemical sensor R&amp;D over the past ten years has been spurred by everything from fundamental advances in interfacial chemistry, to new microscale engineering technologies, to a demand for cleaner, more efficient, better-controlled industrial processes.
Phenprocoumon for Prevention of Shunt Occlusion After Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Stent Shunt: A Randomized Trial (1996)

Development of stenosis or occlusion of the transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt (TIPSS) is one of the major limiting factors in the long-term viability of this procedure. The efficacy of anticoagulation with heparin which is used in different centers is still unclear. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of phenprocoumon on shunt patency after TIPSS placement using Palmaz stents; 49 patients with Child's A and B cirrhosis, who underwent successful TIPSS placement were randomized into the treatment group (n = 24) who received phenprocoumon and a control group (n = 25). After 11 to 13 weeks, all patients were admitted and had a reevaluation that included control angiography by transjugular approach. Phenprocoumon treatment was stopped after the first reevaluation and both groups were followed for 1 year after randomization. During the 3-month treatment period 11 of 22 patients of the treatment group and 12 of 23 patients of the control group required reintervention because of an increased portosystemic gradient. Five of the 12 patients in the control group showed complete occlusion of the shunt, whereas no occlusion in the treatment group was observed (P < .05). During the mean follow-up of 8 months after the treatment was stopped, in both groups stenosis occurred in 50% of patients, but no further occlusion of the stent was observed. These data indicate that occlusion of the stent is related to thrombosis, whereas stenosis does not appear to be dependent on blood coagulation. In patients with preserved liver function occlusion of the shunt may be prevented by phenprocoumon treatment in the first 3 months after TIPSS placement. Thereafter shunt occlusion was not observed and further phenprocoumon treatment seemed unnecessary.
Tuning surface grafting density of CeO2 nanocrystals with near- and supercritical solvent characteristics (2015)

In this work, the solvent effect on the synthesis of CeO2 nanocrystals synthesized in near- and supercritical alcohols is discussed. The materials prepared displayed a unique morphology of small nanocrystals (<10 nm) aggregated into larger nanospheres (∼100-200 nm). In such syntheses, alcohol molecules directly interact with the nanocrystal surface through alkoxide and carboxylate bondings. The grafting density was quantified from the weight loss measured using thermogravimetric analysis. A direct correlation between the grafting density and the alcohol chain length can be established. It was demonstrated that the shorter the alcohol chain length (i.e. methanol), the higher the surface coverage is. This trend is independent of the synthesis mode (batch or continuous). Additionally, an influence of the grafting density on the resulting nanocrystal size was established. It is suggested that the surface coverage has a high influence on the early stages of the nucleation and growth. Indeed, when high surface coverages are reached, all surface active sites are blocked, limiting the growth step and therefore leading to smaller particles. This effect was noticed with the materials prepared in the continuous mode where shorter reaction time was performed.
Radar cross section statistics of cultural clutter at Ku-band (2012)

Knowing the statistical characteristics of the radar cross-section (RCS) of man-made, or cultural clutter, is crucial to the success of clutter mitigation, radar target detection algorithms, and radar system requirements in urban environments. Open literature studies regarding the statistical nature of cultural clutter focus primarily on radar probability models or limited experimental data analysis of specific locations and frequencies. This paper seeks to expand the existing body of work on cultural clutter RCS statistics at Ku-band for ground moving target indication (GMTI) and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) applications. We examine the normalized RCS probability distributions of cultural clutter in several urban scenes, across aspect and elevation angle, for vertical transmit/receive (VV) polarizations, and at diverse resolutions, using experimental data collected at Ku-band. We further describe frequency and RCS strength statistics of clutter discretes per unit area to understand system demands on radars operating in urban environments in this band.
The syndrome of pachygyria, mental retardation, and arachnoid cysts maps to 11p15 (2009)

Additional supporting information may be found in the online version of this article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A hemagglutinin and neuraminidase biased immunological memory shapes the dynamics of antibody responses to Influenza A virus (2023)

Abstract As influenza A virus (IAV) infection establishes a more diverse immunological memory to different viral proteins compared to vaccination, we hypothesize that this could skew antibody responses to immunizing antigens after infection. To explore this, we generated mouse models that possess either an IAV hemagglutinin (HA)- or neuraminidase (NA)-biased immunological memory by simultaneously or, sequentially-inoculating them with cocktails of isogenic viruses bearing four antigenically-distinct HA (H3v) or NA (N2v), that spans the IAV H3N2 human circulation history. Cocktail priming elicited comparable antibody responses to all immunizing antigens, whilst responses in sequentially-inoculated mice were antigen-dependent. We then challenged the mice with two H3N2 strains of opposing virulence and antigenic distance and examined the post-infection antibody landscapes. In both models, antibody increases after the two challenges occurred to antigenically-related, and not against antigenically-distant, HAs or NAs for which baseline titers were low. H3-imprinted mice seroconverted to challenge NA, but not HA, and vice versa. In primed mice, the antibody response was directed to the viral target with low pre-existing immunity, despite high titers of protective antibodies and no signs of symptomatic infections, while immune-naïve mice seroconverted to both HA and NA. Our findings show that the dynamics of antibody responses to HA and NA after infection can be altered by pre-existing immunity, i.e the “antibody ceiling effect” does not imply no-response, simply a "misdirected" response, to an antigenically-related antigen or an alternate viral protein. These results have implications on our seroepidemiological studies as well as our understanding of immune correlates of protection in populations with different influenza immune histories.
Building A "GenBank" of the Published Literature (2001)

Since the time of the great library of Alexandria, scholars have recognized the value of central repositories of knowledge. As scientists, we are particularly dependent on ready and unimpeded access to our published literature, the only permanent record of our ideas, discoveries, and research results, upon which future scientific activity and progress are based. The growth of the Internet is changing the way we access this literature, as more scientific journals produce online editions to supplement or replace printed versions. We urge journal publishers, their editors, and all working scientists to join together to create public, electronic archives of the scientific literature, containing complete copies of all published scientific papers.
Novel Nonsense Mutation in the Na+/HCO3 - Cotransporter Gene (SLC4A4) in a Patient with Permanent Isolated Proximal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Bilateral Glaucoma (2001)

Permanent isolated proximal renal tubular acidosis (pRTA) with ocular abnormalities is a systemic disease involving short stature, isolated pRTA, mental retardation, and ocular abnormalities. Kidney Na+/HCO3- cotransporter (kNBC1) cDNA from peripheral lymphocytes from a patient with permanent isolated pRTA and bilateral glaucoma was screened, and a novel homozygous mutation, namely a cytosine-to-thymine transition at nucleotide 234, which resulted in the formation of a stop codon at codon 29, was identified. This homozygous mutation, Q29X, was identified in the unique 5'-end of the kNBC1 gene (SLC4A4) of the patient. Cosegregation of this Q29X mutation with the disease and heterozygosity in the parents of the affected patient were observed. The absence of this mutation in 156 alleles from 78 Japanese individuals indicates that this mutation is directly related to the disease and is not a common DNA sequence polymorphism. This nonsense mutation predicts a truncated kNBC1 protein that lacks the 1007 amino acids of the carboxyl-terminus, and the effect on kNBC1 cotransport activity is likely to be a loss of function. In contrast, the pancreatic Na+/HCO3- cotransporter of the patient is not likely to be affected by this nonsense mutation. These results have implications for understanding the role of kNBC1 in the pathophysiologic processes of pRTA associated with ocular abnormalities and mental retardation.
Phytonutrient content and oil quality of selected edible oils upon twelve months storage (2023)

Abstract Edible oils contain naturally occurring phytonutrients and therefore exhibit numerous beneficial health effects. However, the phytonutrients tend to degrade in different extent with storage duration and temperature. In this study, the impact of storage conditions on the stability of phytonutrients, including vitamin E, carotenoid, phytosterols and squalene, and oil quality, including free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide value (PV), anisidine value (AV), and oxidative stability index (OSI) of red palm‐pressed mesocarp olein, palm olein, extra virgin olive oil, and sunflower oil were investigated. The oils were stored in three conditions, 23°C (with light and without light) and 35°C (without light). Results showed that the retention percentages of phytonutrients where in the range of 0%–100% for vitamin E, 51.24%–83.63% for carotenoid, 83.40%–100% for phytosterols and 27.94%–100% for squalene. Pearson correlation analysis between phytonutrients and oil quality of oils in different storage conditions showed that correlation coefficient values ( r ) were in the range of −1 to 0 for FFA, −1 to 0.22 for PV, −1 to 0.33 for AV, and −0.23 to 1 for OSI, implying that correlations between both variables are not in same direction. Degradation studies of phytonutrients using zero‐order kinetic model where optimum‐case conditions exhibited highest half‐life ( t 1/2 ) among the three conditions. In conclusion, storage conditions and synergistic effect affected the phytonutrients stability in the oils and oil quality in different extent. In general, storage at ambient temperature and dark condition contributed to the best phytonutrients retention and oil quality.
Solid-Phase Syntheses of Furopyridine and Furoquinoline Systems (2004)

[reaction: see text] Syntheses of 2-substituted furo[3,2-b]pyridines and furo[3,2-h]quinolines have been achieved for the first time in the solid-phase mode. The central enabling steps involved concomitant deprotection/cyclization promoted by the mild base K(2)CO(3). Reactions were monitored "in situ" in real time by a variety of spectroscopic techniques, which allowed full and accurate control of progress in these syntheses.