gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Therapeutic Probiotics on Modulation of microRNAs (2020)

Abstract Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that exist within the human gut, and which are also present in different food products and supplements. They have been investigated for some decades, due to their potential beneficial impact on human health. Probiotics compete with pathogenic microorganisms for adhesion sites within the gut, to antagonize them or to regulate the host immune response resulting in preventive and therapeutic effects. Therefore, dysbiosis, defined as an impairment in the gut microbiota, could play a role in various pathological conditions, such as lactose intolerance, gastrointestinal and urogenital infections, various cancers, cystic fibrosis, allergies, inflammatory bowel disease, and can also be caused by antibiotic side effects. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that can regulate gene expression in a post-transcriptional manner. miRNAs are biochemical biomarkers that play an important role in almost all cellular signaling pathways in many healthy and disease states. For the first time, the present review summarizes current evidence suggesting that the beneficial properties of probiotics could be explained based on the pivotal role of miRNAs.
A personal view of education (1992)

Some personal views about teaching and learning are expressed. Covered are types of learning, computers in education, teachers as mentors and friends, role reversals, fostering self-esteem, and visualization and creativity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Engineering probiotics to inhibit Clostridioides difficile infection by dynamic regulation of intestinal metabolism (2022)

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) results in significant morbidity and mortality in hospitalised patients. The pathogenesis of CDI is intrinsically related to the ability of C. difficile to shuffle between active vegetative cells and dormant endospores through the processes of germination and sporulation. Here, we hypothesise that dysregulation of microbiome-mediated bile salt metabolism contributes to CDI and that its alleviation can limit the pathogenesis of CDI. We engineer a genetic circuit harbouring a genetically encoded sensor, amplifier and actuator in probiotics to restore intestinal bile salt metabolism in response to antibiotic-induced microbiome dysbiosis. We demonstrate that the engineered probiotics limited the germination of endospores and the growth of vegetative cells of C. difficile in vitro and further significantly reduced CDI in model mice, as evidenced by a 100% survival rate and improved clinical outcomes. Our work presents an antimicrobial strategy that harnesses the host-pathogen microenvironment as the intervention target to limit the pathogenesis of infection.
Comparison Between Fluidic Oscillators and Steady Jets for Separation Control (2019)

An experimental study was conducted to compare performance and efficiency between fluidic oscillators and steady jets with respect to commonly used flow control coefficients for momentum, mass flow, and energy in support of the development of active flow control technology. Different actuation modules were tested on a model of the NASA hump geometry. Time-averaged pressure measurements were conducted with high spatial resolution, and stereoscopic particle image velocimetry was performed downstream of the actuation location to investigate the performance differences in detail. Surface flow visualization in a quiescent environment was employed to assess the spreading angle of the various actuators. Results show that fluidic oscillators are almost always superior to steady jets with respect to any flow control coefficient at a given spacing. The lone outlier occurs for tightly spaced actuators in which both perform similarly with respect to the energy coefficient. This general superiority is in part due to a larger jet spreading angle, the associated spanwise coverage, and the existence of stronger coherent streamwise vortices in comparison to steady jets.
Combined cyclin D1 overexpression and zinc deficiency disrupts cell cycle and accelerates mouse forestomach carcinogenesis. (2003)

Overexpression of cyclin D1 and disruption of cell cycle control in G(1) occur frequently in human esophageal cancer. Transgenic (TG) mice with cyclin D1 overexpression targeted to the oral-esophageal tissue by the EBV ED-L2 promoter showed increased severity in esophageal dysplasia without cancer development, after multiple doses of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA). Dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) in mice enhances cellular proliferation in esophagus/forestomach and susceptibility to NMBA-induced carcinogenesis. We investigated whether cyclin D1 overexpression in TG mice, together with ZD, might lead to unchecked cell proliferation and accelerated NMBA-induced tumorigenesis. Five-week-old TG and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a ZD- or -sufficient (ZS) diet, forming four groups: ZD:TG; ZS:TG; ZD:WT; and ZS:WT. After 4 weeks, animals were given a single intragastric NMBA dose and were sacrificed 25 and 77 days later. Without NMBA, cell proliferation was greatest in ZD:TG esophagus/forestomach, followed by ZD:WT, and then ZS:TG>/=ZS:WT. The high rate of cell proliferation was accompanied by overexpression of cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis biomarkers, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, p53, cytokeratin 14, epidermal growth factor receptor, and by a reduced rate of apoptosis. ZD substantially increased forestomach tumor incidence in TG mice: 85% of ZD:TG versus 14% of ZS:TG mice had forestomach tumors (P < 0.001), with progression to malignancy occurring only in ZD:TG tumors. Additionally, 14% of ZD:TG mice developed esophageal tumors and esophageal intestinal metaplasia at 77 days. Thus, cyclin D1 overexpression, in cooperation with ZD, decontrols cell proliferation, ensuring cell expansion, a prerequisite for cancer development.
First ever isolation of cytotoxic triterpenoid 2-hydroxydiplopterol from plant source (2013)

Arisaema jacquemontii&nbsp;have shown medicinal importance and biological activities particularly, its anticancer activity, so we have decided to keep on investigating the plant in term of its chemical constituents. A chemical investigation on the chloroform extract of&nbsp;A. jacquemontii&nbsp;have resulted in the isolation of a cytotoxic, triterpenoid 2-hydroxydiplopterol (1), previously reported from the halotolerant, fungal strain&nbsp;aspergillus variecolor&nbsp;B-17. This represents perhaps the first report of cytotoxic compound from plant source. The compound (1) has been identified by multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and comparison of its spectroscopic data with that reported for the compound. Its exhibited cytotoxicity with IC50&nbsp;value of 22 &micro;M against K 562 cell lines. The cytotoxicity properties of compound 1 were determined by the sulforhodamine B method. &nbsp; Key words:&nbsp;&nbsp;Arisaema jacquemontii,&nbsp;cytotoxic triterpenoid 2-hydroxydiplopterol, isolation.
Abstract IA9: Cross talk of the androgen receptor and DNA damage pathways: Molecular and translational prostate cancer relevance (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancers (PCa) are exquisitely dependent on the action of the androgen receptor (AR) for cell survival and proliferation, and there is a significant need to develop new means for targeting recurrent AR activity in both locally advanced and castration-resistant PCa(1, 2). PARP1 (Poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1) is an enzyme that modifies a subset of nuclear proteins by poly (ADP-ribose)-ylation, and is known to play a critical role in base excision repair(3). This function of PARP1 has been cultivated as a therapeutic target for tumors that harbor alterations of specific DNA repair pathways(4, 5). Multiple enzymatic inhibitors of PARP1 function are in clinical trial; while little dose limiting toxicity has been observed, suppressing PARP1-mediated DNA damage repair in BRCA1/2 deficient tumors leads to synthetic lethality and heightened clinical response to chemotherapy. Recently, it has been revealed that PARP1 has a second major cellular function on chromatin as a transcriptional coregulator, capable of modulating chromatin structure and selected transcription factor activity(6–8). New observations in our laboratory point toward PARP1 inhibitors as a means to simultaneously dampen AR activity and sensitize PCa cells to genotoxic insult. This premise is based on three major arms of investigation. First, abrogation of PARP1 activity results in sensitization of both androgen deprivation-therapy (ADT) naïve and castration-resistant PCa cells to ionizing radiation, thus indicating that PARP1 activity plays a significant role in the cellular response to radiotherapy. Second, PARP1 activity was found to be increased as a function of tumor progression in model systems of human disease, suggesting that gain of PARP1 activity may promote resistance to combined ADT and radiotherapy. Third, robust molecular analyses indicate that PARP1 is recruited to sites of AR activity on chromatin, and therein serves as a requisite cofactor for AR activity. The dependence of AR on PARP1 activity is conserved in cells that failed hormone therapy, thus indicating that the requirement for PARP1 is maintained or enhanced during the process of tumor progression. Together, these data strongly support a model wherein the dual functions of PARP1 in controlling AR activity and the response to radiotherapy can be leveraged to improve treatment of locally advanced prostate cancer. Citation Format: Matthew J. Schiewer, Adam P. Dicker, Jonathan R. Brody, John M. Pascal, Karen E. Knudsen, Jonathan F. Goodwin, J. Chad Brenner, Michael A. Augello, Fengzhi Liu, Jamie L. Planck, Randy S. Schrecengost, Felix Y. Feng, Arul M. Chinnaiyan. Cross talk of the androgen receptor and DNA damage pathways: Molecular and translational prostate cancer relevance [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA9.
Influenza B Virus Encephalitis (1999)

Acute encephalitis and postinfectious encephalopathy have been reported infrequently in association with influenza A and B virus infections. We report herein a case of a 6-year-old girl with acute influenza B virus encephalitis resulting in neurological sequelae. The diagnosis was made by isolation of influenza B virus from the nasopharynx, seroconversion to influenza B, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) identification of the virus from the patient's cerebrospinal fluid. Direct sequencing of viral RNA from the patient's nasopharynx and cerebrospinal fluid revealed identical nucleotide sequences in the HA1 region of the hemagglutinin gene. This is the first report of influenza B virus encephalitis diagnosed by use of RT-PCR and illustrates the need for increased awareness of influenza virus as a cause of acute encephalitis. PCR may be a useful tool for diagnosing future cases.
Prospects for the Global Elimination of Hepatitis B (2021)

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, estimated to be globally responsible for ∼800,000 deaths annually. Although effective vaccines are available to prevent new HBV infection, treatment of existing chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is limited, as the current standard-of-care antiviral drugs can only suppress viral replication without achieving cure. In 2016, the World Health Organization called for the elimination of viral hepatitis as a global public health threat by 2030. The United States and other nations are working to meet this ambitious goal by developing strategies to cure CHB, as well as prevent HBV transmission. This review considers recent research progress in understanding HBV pathobiology and development of therapeutics for the cure of CHB, which is necessary for elimination of hepatitis B by 2030.
Inter- and Intramolecular [4 + 3] Cycloadditions Using Epoxy Enol Silanes As Functionalized Oxyallyl Cation Precursors (2009)

Using epoxy enol triethylsilanes as oxyallyl cation precursors, [4 + 3] cycloadditions with various dienes occur under catalysis by silyl triflates and acids in good yields. The intramolecular [4 + 3] cycloaddition proceeds under mild conditions and generate hydroxylated cycloadducts with high diastereoselectivity and yields. Enantiomerically pure epoxy enol silanes have been shown to give excellent yields of the optically pure cycloadduct bearing multiple stereocenters.
Highly Enantioselective Opening of Cyclic meso‐Anhydrides to Isopropyl Hemiesters with Diisopropoxytitanium TADDOLates (1995)

The Lewis acid mediated transfer of an alkoxide ligand from the chiral ligand sphere of 1 facilitates the highly enantioselective ring-opening of cyclic CS-symmetric anhydrides 2 to the corresponding hemiesters 3 with enantiomer ratios up to 99:1. This ability to transfer ligands could make 1 an organometallic alternative to hydrolytic enzymes, as the differntiation of enantiotopic functional groups in meso compounds and the resolution of racemic substrates should be possible.
Effect of dexamethasone in glioblastoma (GBM) patients on systemic and intratumoral T-cell responses induced by personalized neoantigen-targeting vaccine. (2018)

2020 Background: The impact of individualized neoepitope vaccination targeting neoantigens arising from tumor-specific mutations for GBM, a low mutation burden tumor with an immunologically cold tumor microenvironment, as well as that of concurrently administered dexamethasone (dex), are unknown. Methods: Individualized vaccination of up to 20 synthetic, long neoepitope peptides with high predicted HLA binding affinity admixed with poly-ICLC, were administered subcutaneously using a prime-boost schedule after RT to newly diagnosed, MGMT unmethylated, at least partially resected, GBM patients without progression after radiation (RT) in our phase 1b study. Results: 9 of 10 screened patients had sufficient (≥ 10) identified neoepitope peptides. 8 patients without progression after RT received vaccine consisting of a median of 12 peptides (range, 7-20) beginning a median of 18.6 wks (range 16.0-23.2) after surgery. Adverse events were limited to infrequent grade 1/2 local reactions and fatigue. Median PFS and OS were 7.5 mths (90% CI: 6.2, 9.7) and 16.8 mths (90% CI: 9.6, 21.3). Evaluation of neoepitope-specific immune responses and tumor immune infiltrate analyses were performed on five patients with pre- and post-vaccination samples. Three patients on dex for post-RT edema during vaccine had no immune responses and no change in tumor infiltrating effector cells. In contrast 2 patients not on dex had robust, de novo immune responses against multiple predicted personal neoantigens including polyfunctional neoantigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses that were enriched for memory and activated phenotypes as well as increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. T cell receptor analysis from one patient identified identical clonotypes isolated from post-vaccination tumor tissue and peripheral blood including a clonotype specific for ARHGAP35, a neoantigen targeted by vaccination. Conclusions: Individualized, multi-neoepitope vaccines are feasible, safe and capable of generating systemic and intra-tumoral immune responses in GBM patients that appear to be abrogated by dex. Clinical trial information: NCT02287428.
Cobaloxime‐Based Photocatalytic Devices for Hydrogen Production (2007)

Die Sonne scheint auf supramolekulare Photokatalysatoren für die H2-Produktion, in denen Rutheniumtris(diimin) als Lichtsammeleinheit kovalent mit verschiedenen Cobaloximen als katalytischen Zentren verknüpft ist (siehe Bild). Die Stabilität dieser Katalysatoren mit Metallen der ersten Übergangsmetallreihe, das CoII/CoI-Redoxpotential und die Nucleophilie der Cobaloximeinheit bestimmen die photokatalytischen Eigenschaften.
Performance Comparison Between Turbo Code and Rate-Compatible LDPC Code for Evolved Utra Downlink OFDM Radio Access (2006)

This paper compares the Release 6 turbo code and rate-compatible low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on the packet error rate (PER) performance and decoding complexity in order to clarify the most appropriate channel coding scheme in the OFDM based evolved UTRA (E-UTRA) downlink. Simulation results and manipulation of the decoding complexity show that although the rate-compatible/quasi-cyclic (RC/QC)-LDPC code employing a normalized layered belief propagation (BP) method can reduce the computational complexity by approximately 30% for the channel coding rate of R=3/4, the required average received signal energy per bit-to-noise power spectrum density ratio (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) is degraded by approximately 0.2-0.3 dB both for R=1/3 and 3/4 compared to that for the turbo code. Moreover, the decoding complexity level of the RC/QC-LDPC code with the delta-min algorithm is almost the same or higher than that for the turbo code with a slight degradation in the required received E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . Although the decoding complexity level of the ZigZag code is decreased compared to that of the turbo code, the code brings about a distinct loss in the required average received E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">b</sub> /N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> of approximately 0.4 dB. Finally, the turbo single parity check (SPC) code improves the PER performance compared to the ZigZag code, i.e., achieves almost the same PER performance as that for the turbo code, at the cost of a two-fold increase in the decoding complexity. As a result, we conclude that the turbo code is more promising than the LDPC codes for prioritizing the achievable performance and as the channel coding scheme for the shared data channel in the E-UTRA
Adipose-specific peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ knockout causes insulin resistance in fat and liver but not in muscle (2003)

Syndrome X, typified by obesity, insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, and other metabolic abnormalities, is responsive to antidiabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gamma, a target of TZDs, is expressed abundantly in adipocytes, suggesting an important role for this tissue in the etiology and treatment of IR. Targeted deletion of PPARgamma in adipose tissue resulted in marked adipocyte hypocellularity and hypertrophy, elevated levels of plasma free fatty acids and triglyceride, and decreased levels of plasma leptin and ACRP30. In addition, increased hepatic glucogenesis and IR were observed. Despite these defects, blood glucose, glucose and insulin tolerance, and insulin-stimulated muscle glucose uptake were all comparable to those of control mice. However, targeted mice were significantly more susceptible to high-fat diet-induced steatosis, hyperinsulinemia, and IR. Surprisingly, TZD treatment effectively reversed liver IR, whereas it failed to lower plasma free fatty acids. These results suggest that syndrome X may be comprised of separable PPARgamma-dependent components whose origins and therapeutic sites may reside in distinct tissues.
Microstructures after Processing by Aging and ECAP for Al-Mg<sub>2</sub>Si Alloys Containing Excess Si or Mg (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Butyrate ameliorates allergic airway inflammation by limiting eosinophil trafficking and survival (2019)

These in vitro and in vivo findings highlight the importance of SCFAs, especially butyrate as a promising therapeutic agent in allergic inflammatory diseases.
Pleural Fluid Cytology of the Polymorphous Variant of EBV-Positive Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma: First Report and Distinction from a Reactive Process (2013)

EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly is a newly described aggressive lymphoma predominantly affecting patients >50 years of age. Patients may present with nodal and/or extranodal involvement. The lung is one of the more common extranodal sites. The incidence of pleural fluid involvement is less well described. In one study by Oyama et al., pleural effusions were noted in nine percent of cases. Identification of pleural fluid involvement could be important as it may carry prognostic importance in staging (it typically occurs more often in cases with widespread disease), and it could be a relatively easy means of establishing a diagnosis in newly presenting cases. We report the first description of the pleural fluid cytology in a case of EBV-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the elderly.
Experimental Evaluation on the Resistance of Latch PUFs Implemented on ASIC against FIB-Based Invasive Attacks (2015)

PUF (Physically Unclonable Function) technologies attract attention as a candidate to prevent counterfeit chips. A latch PUF is known as a high performance PUF among various types of proposed PUFs. In this paper we describe an experiment on a invasive attack to a latch PUF consisting of RS latches, such as measuring the latch output by a probe contact after a FIB (Focused Ion Beam) processing. As a result, we confirmed that the latch PUF has a tolerance for the dynamic analysis, because the RS latch output was influenced and changed after the FIB processing in our experiments.
Biased normalized cuts for target detection in hyperspectral imagery (2016)

The Biased Normalized Cuts (BNC) algorithm is a useful technique for detecting targets or objects in RGB imagery. In this paper, we propose modifying BNC for the purpose of target detection in hyperspectral imagery. As opposed to other target detection algorithms that typically encode target information prior to dimensionality reduction, our proposed algorithm encodes target information after dimensionality reduction, enabling a user to detect different targets in interactive mode. To assess the proposed BNC algorithm, we utilize hyperspectral imagery (HSI) from the SHARE 2012 data campaign, and we explore the relationship between the number and the position of expert-provided target labels and the precision/recall of the remaining targets in the scene.
Experimental evidence of efficient cavity modes excitation in metallic gratings by attenuated total reflection (2005)

We provide experimental evidence of an improved excitation of the cavity modes of deep lamellar metallic gratings by using an attenuated total reflection configuration. The reflectivity of gold gratings composed of 1-μm deep channels, with width of 0.7μm, periodically separated by a distance of 1.75μm was measured in the 1000–5000-cm−1 spectral range for several angles of incidence. The spectral width of the resonance excited in this configuration is reduced by a factor of 6 compared with the external reflectivity case, and the field enhancement inside the grooves can reach two orders of magnitude with respect to the incident intensity.