gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FRACTALS IN NETWORKING: MODELING AND INFERENCE (2004)

This paper provides some insight into the causes and implications of the complex small scale dynamics of network traffic loads which are still not fully understood. Introduction The use of fractal models in computer networking has a strong tradition (see references in 1). Most prominently, fractional Brownian motion provides a parsimonious abstraction of aggregate traffic at time scales of a second and beyond, which is found useful for design and management and which explains the occurrence of detrimental traffic bursts in terms of user behavior. At time scales
Program Parallelization with CAP : A tutorial (1999)

Tutorial introduction to the CAP (Computer-Aided Parallelization) Language.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly of Taper‐Shaped Monoesters of Oligo(ethylene Oxide) with 3,4,5‐Tris(n‐dodecan‐1‐yloxy)benzoic Acid and of Their Polymethacrylates into Tubular Supramolecular Architectures Displaying a Columnar Hexagonal Mesophase. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Histological grading of invasive breast carcinoma – a simplification of existing methods in a large conservation series with long‐term follow‐up (2009)

Existing grading methodology is fully applicable in the narrower context of a conservation series but can be simplified. Subdivision of EE grade 2 into a true intermediate prognosis group and a second group with a worse prognosis also adds benefit.
Kinetics of the incorporation of cytochrome b5, an integral membrane protein, into unilamellar dimyristoyllecithin liposomes (1978)

The kinetics of incorporation of proteins into phospholipid liposomes were studied using fluorescence of the protein tryptophan residue; fluorescence was detd. at varying protein/lipid ratio and at varying temp. Cytochrome b5, purified from liver microsomes, was exposed to unilamellar dimyristoyllecithin liposomes in a fluorescence cuvette. Tryptophan fluorescence of cytochrome b5 increased rapidly as the protein was incorporated into the lipid bilayer. Protein incorporation was biphasic at low lipid/protein ratios, with an initial fast non-exponential phase followed by a slow phase. The fluorescence was detd. at 15, 25, and 35 Deg, and the rigidity of the liposome bilayer was studied as a function of temp. At low temp (15 Deg), protein incorporation was very slow; however, as the lipid phase transition temp. was approached, protein incorporation increased considerably faster. Thus, there is a pos. correlation between liposome fluidity and the ease of protein incorporation into the bilayer. A model is presented. [on SciFinder (R)]
Short-term effects of dopamine on photoreceptors, luminosity- and chromaticity-horizontal cells in the turtle retina (1995)

The effects of dopamine on luminosity-type horizontal cells have been documented in different vertebrate retinas, both in vivo and in vitro. Some of these effects may reflect direct action of dopamine onto these cells, but indirect effects mediated by presynaptic neurons cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, direct effects of dopamine on horizontal cells may affect other, postsynaptic neurons in the outer plexiform layer. To test these possibilities, we studied the effects of dopamine on photoreceptors and all types of horizontal cells in the turtle (Pseudemys scripta elegans) retina. Receptive-field properties, responsiveness to light, and time course of light responses were monitored with intracellular recordings. Dopamine at a concentration of 40 microM exerted effects with two different time courses. "Short-term" effects were fully developed after 3 min of dopamine application and reversed within 30 min of washout of the drug. "Long-term" effects were fully developed after about 7-10 min and could not be washed out during the course of our experiments. Only the "short-term" effects were studied in detail in this paper. These were expressed in a reduction of the receptive-field size of all types of horizontal cells studied; L1 and L2 luminosity types as well as Red/Green and Yellow/Blue chromaticity types. The L1 horizontal cells did not exhibit signs of reduced responsiveness to light under dopamine, while in the L2 cells and the two types of chromaticity cells responsiveness decreased. None of the rods, long-wavelength-sensitive, or medium-wavelength-sensitive cones exhibited any apparent reduction in their receptive-field sizes or responsiveness to light. The present results suggest that the "short-term" effects of dopamine are not mediated by photoreceptors and are probably due to direct action of dopamine on horizontal cells.
microPET of Tumor Integrin v 3 Expression Using 18F-Labeled PEGylated Tetrameric RGD Peptide (18F-FPRGD4) (2007)

In vivo imaging of α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> expression has important diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Multimeric cyclic RGD peptides are capable of improving the integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>–binding affinity due to the polyvalency effect. Here we report an example of <sup>18</sup>F-labeled tetrameric RGD peptide for PET of α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> expression in both xenograft and spontaneous tumor models. <b>Methods:</b> The tetrameric RGD peptide E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> was derived with amino-3,6,9-trioxaundecanoic acid (mini-PEG; PEG is poly(ethylene glycol)) linker through the glutamate α-amino group. NH<sub>2</sub>-mini-PEG-E{E[c(RGDyK)]<sub>2</sub>}<sub>2</sub> (PRGD4) was labeled with <sup>18</sup>F via the <i>N</i>-succinimidyl-4-<sup>18</sup>F-fluorobenzoate (<sup>18</sup>F-SFB) prosthetic group. The receptor-binding characteristics of the tetrameric RGD peptide tracer <sup>18</sup>F-FPRGD4 were evaluated in vitro by a cell-binding assay and in vivo by quantitative microPET imaging studies. <b>Results:</b> The decay-corrected radiochemical yield for <sup>18</sup>F-FPRGD4 was about 15%, with a total reaction time of 180 min starting from <sup>18</sup>F-F<sup>−</sup>. The PEGylation had minimal effect on integrin-binding affinity of the RGD peptide. <sup>18</sup>F-FPRGD4 has significantly higher tumor uptake compared with monomeric and dimeric RGD peptide tracer analogs. The receptor specificity of <sup>18</sup>F-FPRGD4 in vivo was confirmed by effective blocking of the uptake in both tumors and normal organs or tissues with excess c(RGDyK). <b>Conclusion:</b> The tetrameric RGD peptide tracer <sup>18</sup>F-FPRGD4 possessing high integrin-binding affinity and favorable biokinetics is a promising tracer for PET of integrin α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> expression in cancer and other angiogenesis related diseases.
Steerable Guidewire With Eyes for Image-Guided Intervention in the Upper Urinary Tract (2007)

Active steering at the distal tip can reduce stress on the flexible ureteroscope (FU) shaft by eliminating the internal angulation wires while also minimizing tissue trauma. A multi-segmented SMA wire actuator has been designed to produce smooth graded motion of the ultrathin scanning fiber endoscope (SFE). A steerable SFE distal tip (1-axis) is demonstrated using a three-step graded bending motion with a multi-tapped shape memory alloy (SMA) wire, power transistor switches, and binary parallel communication. The experimental bending radius and angle of the fabricated active tip (2-mm OD) is measured as 45-mm and 50°, respectively. Using nominal 4% strain of a 125-μm SMA wire, the experimental values are compared to the model predictions using a multi-link planar manipulator. A guidewire with eyes and active tip bending mechanism constitutes the new SFE, which is expected to reduce the procedural time and complications, eliminate X-ray guidance, and provide more space for adjunctive instrumentation, along with having better performance and possibly lower cost than FU.
Lessons from the olfactory system applied to chemical sensing (2001)

Summary form only given. Coherent imaging fibers have been employed to make fiber-optic chemical sensors. Optical sensors have been created based on principles derived from the olfactory system. A cross-reactive array of sensors is prepared such that specificity is distributed across the array's entire reactivity pattern rather than contained in a single recognition element. This approach has been demonstrated with a vapor-sensing device that is designed as an array of optically-based chemosensors providing input to a computational pattern recognition system. This "artificial nose" maintains all the advantages of fiber optics (e.g. remote sensing, small). The ability to use such information-rich assemblies for broad-based sensing will be discussed.
Left atrial linear lesions are required for successful treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation (2008)

Although persistent AF can be terminated by catheter ablation without linear lesions, the majority will require linear lesions for macro re-entrant AT.
An Analog VLSI Chip for Radial Basis Functions (1992)

David B. Kirk&amp;apos;&amp;quot; We have designed, fabricated, and tested an analog VLSI chip which computes radial basis functions in parallel. We have de-veloped a synapse circuit that approximates a quadratic function. We aggregate these circuits to form radial basis functions. These radial basis functions are then averaged together using a follower aggregator. 1
Evaluation of Fab and F(ab′) 2 Fragments and Isotype Variants of a Recombinant Human Monoclonal Antibody against Shiga Toxin 2 (2010)

5C12 HuMAb is a human monoclonal antibody against the A subunit of Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2). We have previously shown that 5C12 HuMAb effectively neutralizes the cytotoxic effects of this toxin by redirecting its transport within the cell and also by neutralizing the toxin's ability to inhibit protein synthesis. The 5C12 HuMAb and its recombinant IgG1 version protect mice at a dose of 0.6 microg against a lethal challenge of Stx2. The contribution of the Fc region to this observed neutralization activity of the 5C12 antibody against Stx2 was investigated in this study. Using recombinant DNA technology, 5C12 isotype variants (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) and antibody fragments [Fab, F(ab')(2)] were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. All four 5C12 isotype variants showed protection in vitro, with the IgG3 and IgG4 variants showing the highest protection in vivo. The Fab and F(ab')(2) fragments also showed protection in vitro but no protection in the mouse toxicity model. Similar results were obtained for a second HuMAb (5H8) against the B subunit of Stx2. The data suggest the importance of the Fc region for neutralization activity, but it is not clear if this is related to the stability of the full-length antibody or if the Fc region is required for effective elimination of the toxin from the body.
Partial Vertex Cover and Budgeted Maximum Coverage in Bipartite Graphs (2017)

In this paper, we study two closely related problems on bipartite graphs, viz., the partial vertex cover problem and the budgeted maximum coverage problem. Both these problems arise in a number of different application domains, including, but not limited to, computer security and transportation logistics. It is well known that the vertex cover problem is solvable in polynomial time on bipartite graphs. However, the computational complexity of the partial vertex cover problem on bipartite graphs was open, thus far. In this paper, we establish that the partial vertex cover problem is \bf NP-hard, even on bipartite graphs. Our result also establishes that the closely related budgeted maximum coverage problem is \bf NP-hard on bipartite graphs. For the latter problem, we present an $\frac{8}{9}$-approximation algorithm. Our approximation guarantee matches and resolves the integrality gap of the natural linear programming relaxation for this problem and improves upon a recent $\frac{4}{5}$-approximation algorithm for the same problem.
Negative regulation of Smad1 pathway and collagen IV expression by store-operated Ca2+entry in glomerular mesangial cells (2017)

Collagen IV (Col IV) is a major component of expanded glomerular extracellular matrix in diabetic nephropathy and Smad1 is a key molecule regulating Col IV expression in mesangial cells (MCs). The present study was conducted to determine if Smad1 pathway and Col IV protein abundance were regulated by store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry (SOCE). In cultured human MCs, pharmacological inhibition of SOCE significantly increased the total amount of Smad1 protein. Activation of SOCE blunted high-glucose-increased Smad1 protein content. Treatment of human MCs with ANG II at 1 µM for 15 min, high glucose for 3 days, or TGF-β1 at 5 ng/ml for 30 min increased the level of phosphorylated Smad1. However, the phosphorylation of Smad1 by those stimuli was significantly attenuated by activation of SOCE. Knocking down Smad1 reduced, but expressing Smad1 increased, the amount of Col IV protein. Furthermore, activation of SOCE significantly attenuated high-glucose-induced Col IV protein production, and blockade of SOCE substantially increased the abundance of Col IV. To further verify those in vitro findings, we downregulated SOCE specifically in MCs in mice using small-interfering RNA (siRNA) against Orai1 (the channel protein mediating SOCE) delivered by the targeted nanoparticle delivery system. Immunohistochemical examinations showed that expression of both Smad1 and Col IV proteins was significantly greater in the glomeruli with positively transfected Orai1 siRNA compared with the glomeruli from the mice without Orai1 siRNA treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that SOCE negatively regulates the Smad1 signaling pathway and inhibits Col IV protein production in MCs.
Microfabricated platforms for the study of neuronal and cellular networks (2006)

In this contribution we present the development of three microfabricated devices for the study of neuronal and cellular networks. Together, these devices form an attractive toolbox, which is useful to stimulate and record signals of both electrical and chemical nature. One approach consist of microelectrode arrays for the study of neuronal networks, and allow for the electrical stimulation of individual cells in the network, while the other electrodes of the array record the electrical activity of the remaining cells of the network. We also present the use of micropipettes that can measure the extra- and intracellular concentrations of ions in cells cultures. A third approach exploits the laminar flows in a microfluidic device, to deliver minute amounts of drug to some cells in a cellular network. These three illustrations show that microfabricated platforms are appealing analytical tools in the context of cell biology. Â© 2006 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Clade 2.3.4.4b Virus in Poultry, Benin, 2021 (2022)

In August 2021, we detected highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses in poultry in southern Benin. The isolates were genetically similar to H5N1 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4b isolated during the same period in Africa and Europe. We also found evidence for 2 separate introductions of these viruses into Benin.
Automated synthesis of a high speed Cordic algorithm with the Cathedral-III compilation system (2003)

The automated design methodology of the Cathedral-III system is presented. The Cathedral-III system is an environment for efficient synthesis of high-throughput digital-signal-processing circuits. The system translates a behavioral description, expressed in the Silage language, into an intermediate signal flow graph representation, which is assembled and optimized into a dedicated bit-sliced architecture. The Cordic algorithm is used as test-vehicle to demonstrate the features of the Cathedral-III methodology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Design of 2D Time-Varying Vector Fields (2011)

Design of time-varying vector fields, i.e., vector fields that can change over time, has a wide variety of important applications in computer graphics. Existing vector field design techniques do not address time-varying vector fields. In this paper, we present a framework for the design of time-varying vector fields, both for planar domains as well as manifold surfaces. Our system supports the creation and modification of various time-varying vector fields with desired spatial and temporal characteristics through several design metaphors, including streamlines, pathlines, singularity paths, and bifurcations. These design metaphors are integrated into an element-based design to generate the time-varying vector fields via a sequence of basis field summations or spatial constrained optimizations at the sampled times. The key-frame design and field deformation are also introduced to support other user design scenarios. Accordingly, a spatial-temporal constrained optimization and the time-varying transformation are employed to generate the desired fields for these two design scenarios, respectively. We apply the time-varying vector fields generated using our design system to a number of important computer graphics applications that require controllable dynamic effects, such as evolving surface appearance, dynamic scene design, steerable crowd movement, and painterly animation. Many of these are difficult or impossible to achieve via prior simulation-based methods. In these applications, the time-varying vector fields have been applied as either orientation fields or advection fields to control the instantaneous appearance or evolving trajectories of the dynamic effects.
Identification of KT-15073 as an Inhibitor of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Microglial Activation (2010)

Neuroinflammation has recently been implicated as an important mechanism responsible for the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Activated microglia produce various proinflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) that are toxic to neurons. Thus, inhibition of microglial activation may alleviate neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. Among several fluorovinyloxyacetamide derivatives that were screened by microglia cell-based assay, a novel synthetic compound KT-15073 was identified to strongly attenuate the microglial production of NO and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). This compound also suppressed the gene expression of interleukin-1beta, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and TNF-alpha. KT-15073 inhibited the nuclear translocation and DNA binding of nuclear factor-kappaB as well as phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. In addition, KT-15073 reduced the cytotoxicity of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia toward B35 neuroblastoma cells in the microglia/neuroblastoma coculture, suggesting that the compound might exhibit the neuroprotective activity. Thus, KT-15073 has an anti-inflammatory activity in microglia, and may have a therapeutic potential for the treatment of neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases.
Exploiting active-learning strategies for annotating prosodic events with limited labeled data (2011)

Many applications of spoken-language systems can benefit from having access to annotations of prosodic events. Unfortunately, obtaining human annotations of these events, even sensible amounts to train a supervised system, can become a laborious and costly effort. Given these constraints, this task serves as a good case study for approaches that judiciously guide the selection of data in order to maximize the gain from the human-labeling process or which minimize the size of the training set. To address this, we explore active learning techniques with the objective of reducing the amount of human-annotated data needed to attain a given level of performance. We review strategies that can be used to guide the selection of sequences by combining the output of a classifier and information about the structure of the data into a criterion that can be used during the learning process to query the label of data points that are both informative and representative of the task, and show that for most of the cases considered, active selection strategies when labeling pitch accents and prosodic boundaries are as good as or exceed the performance of random data selection.
Ready for distribution? (2007)

In this demonstration we show drag-and-drop distribution of centralized, modular Java applications.
ChemInform Abstract: TUNGSTEN(VI) NEOPENTYLIDYNE COMPLEXES (1983)

Abstract Das in bekannter Reaktion aus WCl 6 mit6 Äquivalenten Neopentyllithium in geringer Ausb. erlangte kristalline Produkt (III) wird in besserer Ausb. durch Zugabe von (I) zur Grignardverbindung.
Crystallographic studies in the pyrrole series. Part I. Crystal and molecular structure of ethyl 4-acetyl-3-ethyl-5-methylpyrrole-2-carboxylate (1972)

Crystals of the title compound are monoclinic, space group P21/n, Z= 4, with cell dimensions a= 6·772(3), b= 14·628(5), c= 12·187(5)Å, and β= 94·20(12)°. The structure was solved by direct methods, and refined by least-squares to R 0·0615 for the 1531 statistically significant reflections measured. The geometry of the molecule is compared with that observed for the pyrrole ring in other systems; in particular it has been observed that the normal symmetrical bonding arrangement in the ring is here considerably perturbed, owing to the electronic effects of the substituents.
Hrir Factorisation: A Regularised Approach. (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
A Novel CpG Island Set Identifies Tissue-Specific Methylation at Developmental Gene Loci (2008)

CpG islands (CGIs) are dense clusters of CpG sequences that punctuate the CpG-deficient human genome and associate with many gene promoters. As CGIs also differ from bulk chromosomal DNA by their frequent lack of cytosine methylation, we devised a CGI enrichment method based on nonmethylated CpG affinity chromatography. The resulting library was sequenced to define a novel human blood CGI set that includes many that are not detected by current algorithms. Approximately half of CGIs were associated with annotated gene transcription start sites, the remainder being intra- or intergenic. Using an array representing over 17,000 CGIs, we established that 6%-8% of CGIs are methylated in genomic DNA of human blood, brain, muscle, and spleen. Inter- and intragenic CGIs are preferentially susceptible to methylation. CGIs showing tissue-specific methylation were overrepresented at numerous genetic loci that are essential for development, including HOX and PAX family members. The findings enable a comprehensive analysis of the roles played by CGI methylation in normal and diseased human tissues.
Mapping climatic temperature changes in the ocean with acoustic tomography: Navigational requirements (1997)

In eddy-resolving hydrodynamic models, first-mode baroclinic Rossby waves linked to El Niño/Southern Oscillation are the dominant features which change basin-wide temperatures below the seasonal thermocline in the northeast Pacific at periods less than a decade. Realistic simulations are carried out in which Rossby waves are mapped using acoustic tomography. Based on the model which propagated these waves, a Kalman filter is used to map temperature signals for a year. At 300-m depth, 80% of the model variance is accounted for with tomography when the navigational errors of the sources and receivers are as poor as 1 km. Consequently, it may be unnecessary to accurately navigate actual tomographic instruments to map climate change [Spiesberger et al., IEEE Ocean. Eng. 22 (1997)]. [Work supported by SERDP and ONR.]