gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Convective self-assembly to deposit supported ultra-thin mesoporous silica films (2006)

For practical consideration in applying mesoporous films for sensors, it is ideal to fabricate thinner films to achieve fast transport and therefore rapid response. Here we report a new, facile method to deposit mesoporous silica films with thickness less than 100 nm through combining convective self-assembly and surfactant/silica self-assembly. Through an interfacial capillarity defined in the wedge between two substrates, a meniscus of solutions containing silicate, surfactant, alcohol, and water is formed. While the solvent evaporates during the film formation, the solution from the bulk droplet spreads to the drying region, enriching the surfactant/silica concentration at the edge of the meniscus by the convective flux of solvent. The continuous evaporation, spreading, and enriching induce surfactant and silica self-assembly in the bulk droplet to form an ordered surfactant/silica liquid crystal mesophase film. After calcination, supported ultra-thin films are formed containing interconnected mesopore channels with high surface areas. The combined self-assembly process relies on the evaporation of the solvents to form ordered mesostructures, which enables the deposition of patterned films and ultimately makes this combined technique ideal for device fabrication.
An approach to information propagation in 1-D cellular neural networks. II. Global propagation (1998)

For pt.I see P. Thiran et al., ibid., vol.45, no.8, pp.777-89 (1998). This second of two papers studies how and when a global propagation of information, introduced as initial condition, is possible through a one-dimensional (1-D) Cellular Neural Network (CNN) with connections between nearest neighbors only. We will focus on circular arrays, which have the most regular structure, we will show that periodic solutions exist, and we will compute one of them analytically. We will also study their stability.
Toward a Germanium Laser for Integrated Silicon Photonics (2009)

It has been demonstrated theoretically and experimentally that germanium, with proper strain engineering and n-type doping, can be an efficient light emitter and a gain medium at its direct bandgap within the third optical communication window ( ~1520-1620 nm). In this paper, we systematically discuss the effect of strain, doping, and temperature on the direct-gap optical gain in germanium. For electrically pumped devices, properties and design guidelines of Ge/Si heterojunction are also analyzed and compared with the results from fabricated Ge/Si heterojunction LEDs.
Centering disability perspectives in algorithmic fairness, accountability, & transparency (2020)

It is vital to consider the unique risks and impacts of algorithmic decision-making for people with disabilities. The diverse nature of potential disabilities poses unique challenges for approaches to fairness, accountability, and transparency. Many disabled people choose not to disclose their disabilities, making auditing and accountability tools particularly hard to design and operate. Further, the variety inherent in disability poses challenges for collecting representative training data in any quantity sufficient to better train more inclusive and accountable algorithms.
Design and testing of rapid single flux quantum shift registers with magnetically coupled readout gates (1992)

Experimental superconducting shift registers consisting of on-chip clock generators, clock regeneration and distribution circuits, shift register elements, and readout circuits are designed using rapid single flux quantum logic/memory (RSFQ) gates. A 7-b shift register has been tested to 12 GHz and a 17-b to 21 GHz using external triggering clocks with relative delay measurements. Testing with internal clocks generated from Josephson oscillations shows a potential high-speed operation of 45 GHz for the 7-b and 30 GHz for the 17-b shift registers. Two types of magnetically coupled readout gates are discussed. The chips are fabricated using a Nb/AlO/sub /x/Nb Josephson-junction process at a critical-current density of 1000 A/cm/sup 2/. The power dissipation per bit is 3 mu W.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Table 2 from Identification of Promiscuous KIF20A Long Peptides Bearing Both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Epitopes: KIF20A-Specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Immunity in Patients with Malignant Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2 - PDF file 24K, HLA-A, -DR and -DP genotypes of healthy donors&lt;/p&gt;
Second cancer in patients treated for testicular seminoma (1992)

The exact risk of developing a second primary cancer following radiotherapy for testicular seminoma is not known. At the Northern Israel Oncology Center, between the years 1968-1988, 75 patients with early stage (I,IIA) testicular seminoma were treated by orchiectomy followed by radiation therapy. The overall 10- and 20-year survival probability was 95% and 90%, respectively. Eight patients (11%) developed nine second cancers, with a cumulative rate of one case per 1,000 years of follow-up. The second primary cancers were: two bronchogenic carcinomas, one contralateral seminoma, one thymoma, one papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, one carcinoma of the stomach, one transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, one carcinoma of the colon, and one malignant melanoma. Three of these tumors developed within the irradiated field. Five of these eight patients are alive with no evidence of recurrent cancer. We conclude that patients treated for seminoma have an increased risk of developing a second cancer. There is a need for greater awareness of this possibility. The overall prognosis remains favorable.
Characterization of Magnetron Sputtered Copper-Nickel Thin Film and Alloys (2016)

Abstract : Copper (Cu)-nickel (Ni) thin films are prepared by magnetron sputtering using an AJA International model ATC-2200 system. The as-deposited films are in the amorphous state during room temperature deposition but transition to a crystalline state at an elevated substrate temperature beyond 250 deg C. The crystalline films have a mixed (111)- and (200)-oriented texture that becomes predominantly (111)-orientated after an annealing treatment. Bilayer CuNi deposited films with ratio of 12:1, 6:1, 4:1, and 3:1 produced final alloy concentrations of 90/10, 83/17, 76/24, and 70/30 atomic %, respectively, after annealing, and their average surface roughness increased with higher Cu concentration. These results show that the final thin film alloy composition can be effectively controlled by varying the ratio of the initial deposited Cu and Ni layers. The morphology of these films were studied by atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), electrical 4-point probe, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
From Nuclear Reactor-Based to Proton Accelerator-Based Therapy: The Finnish Boron Neutron Capture Therapy Experience (2022)

The authors review the results of 249 patients treated with boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) at the Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland, from May 1999 to January 2012 with neutrons obtained from a nuclear reactor source (FiR 1) and using l-boronophenylalanine-fructose (l-BPA-F) as the boron delivery agent. They also describe a new hospital BNCT facility that hosts a proton accelerator-based neutron source for BNCT. Most of the patients treated with nuclear reactor-derived neutrons had either inoperable, locally recurrent head and neck cancer or malignant glioma. In general, l-BPA-F-mediated BNCT was relatively well tolerated with adverse events usually similar to those of conventional radiotherapy. Twenty-eight (96.6%) out of the evaluable 29 patients with head and neck cancer and treated within a clinical trial either responded to BNCT or had tumor growth stabilization for at least 5 months, suggesting efficacy of BNCT in the treatment of this patient population. The new accelerator-based BNCT facility houses a nuBeam neutron source that consists of an electrostatic Cockcroft-Walton-type proton accelerator and a lithium target that converts the proton beam to neutrons. The proton beam energy is 2.6 MeV operating with a current of 30 mA. Treatment planning is based on Monte Carlo simulation and the RayStation treatment planning system. Patient positioning is performed with a 6-axis robotic image-guided system, and in-room imaging is done with a rail-mounted computed tomography scanner. Under normal circumstances, the personnel can enter the treatment room almost immediately after shutting down the proton beam, which improves the unit capacity. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT00114790.
Enzyme catalysis in ionic liquids: lipase catalysed kinetic resolution of 1-phenylethanol with improved enantioselectivity (2001)

Lipases show good activity and, in some cases, improved enantioselectivity when employed in pure ionic liquids for dynamic kinetic resolution of 1-phenylethanol by transesterification.
Crystal and Magnetic Structure of the Orthorhombic Perovskite YbMnO3. (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCrystal and Magnetic Structure of the Orthorhombic Perovskite YbMnO3.Y. H. Huang, H. Fjellvåg, M. Karppinen, B. C. Hauback, H. Yamauchi, and J. B. GoodenoughCite this: Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 8, 2139Publication Date (Web):March 21, 2007Publication History Published online21 March 2007Published inissue 1 April 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm070636qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cm070636qcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views649Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (6 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Not Just Going with the Flow: The Effects of Fluid Flow on Bacteria and Plankton (2019)

Microorganisms often live in habitats characterized by fluid flow, from lakes and oceans to soil and the human body. Bacteria and plankton experience a broad range of flows, from the chaotic motion characteristic of turbulence to smooth flows at boundaries and in confined environments. Flow creates forces and torques that affect the movement, behavior, and spatial distribution of microorganisms and shapes the chemical landscape on which they rely for nutrient acquisition and communication. Methodological advances and closer interactions between physicists and biologists have begun to reveal the importance of flow-microorganism interactions and the adaptations of microorganisms to flow. Here we review selected examples of such interactions from bacteria, phytoplankton, larvae, and zooplankton. We hope that this article will serve as a blueprint for a more in-depth consideration of the effects of flow in the biology of microorganisms and that this discussion will stimulate further multidisciplinary effort in understanding this important component of microorganism habitats.
Dense Electron System from Gate-Controlled Surface Metal–Insulator Transition (2012)

Two-dimensional electron systems offer enormous opportunities for science discoveries and technological innovations. Here we report a dense electron system on the surface of single-crystal vanadium dioxide nanobeam via electrolyte gating. The overall conductance of the nanobeam increases by nearly 100 times at a gate voltage of 3 V. A series of experiments were carried out which rule out electrochemical reaction, impurity doping, and oxygen vacancy diffusion as the dominant mechanism for the conductance modulation. A surface insulator-to-metal transition is electrostatically triggered, thereby collapsing the bandgap and unleashing an extremely high density of free electrons from the original valence band within a depth self-limited by the energetics of the system. The dense surface electron system can be reversibly tuned by the gating electric field, which provides direct evidence of the electron correlation driving mechanism of the phase transition in VO(2). It also offers a new material platform for implementing Mott transistor and novel sensors and investigating low-dimensional correlated electron behavior.
Anticaries Potential of Commercial Dentifrices as Determined by Fluoridation and Remineralization Efficiency (2007)

Of the marketed products included in the study, the Fluocaril Bi-Fluoré 250 product formulation provided both the highest level of fluoride uptake and mineralization to the demineralized enamel. The clinical significance of these in vitro results is the confirmation Fluocaril Bi-Fluoré 250 is effective at remineralizing enamel caries lesions.
Drug delivery systems: anticancer prodrugs and their polymeric conjugates (1997)

Prodrugs and their polymeric conjugates (transport forms) offer many promising modalities for new cancer chemotherapies. They present unique opportunities to increase the therapeutic index of a particular drug by exploiting the properties associated with the disease in a predictable fashion. Drugs can be chemically modified with a promoiety to achieve an exclusive selectivity by utilising specific enzymes, fenestrated vasculatures, more acidic environments and other unique properties of the tumour. Additionally, by incorporating a promoiety into existing immunoconjugates, greater efficacy can be achieved.
Carboxy-Terminal Processing of the Urokinase Receptor:  Implications for Substrate Recognition and Glycosylphosphatidylinositol Anchor Addition (1998)

Proteins linked to cell membranes by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor must first undergo cleavage by a putative transamidase between the omega and omega + 1 positions within a proposed small amino acid (SAD) domain in the carboxy terminus of the nascent polypeptide. The requirements for such processing, defined in an engineered placental alkaline phosphatase construct (miniPLAP), suggest the SAD domain functions as an autonomous unit within the context of an otherwise permissive carboxy-terminal sequence with only certain amino acids tolerated at the omega, omega + 1, and omega + 2 positions. To test whether this hypothesis could be generalized, we engineered a chimeric molecule containing the extracellular domain of miniPLAP and the carboxy-terminal portion of the urokinase receptor (MP/uPAR) into which various amino acid substitutions were introduced. The variant proteins were translated and metabolically labeled in vitro using a cell-free translation system that contains the enzymatic machinery required for carboxy-terminal processing and GPI anchor addition. The results of this study indicate that the SAD domain functions as an independent, but not an autonomous, unit. The requirements for processing in miniPLAP and MP/uPAR differed markedly in some respects, in part due to the influence of the amino acid at the omega + 4 position which both modified cleavage between the omega and omega + 1 positions and permitted a second cleavage site to be generated in some cases. In addition, substitution of bulky hydrophobic amino acids in series at the omega + 2 and omega + 3 positions inhibited carboxy-terminal processing in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the presence of a critical docking site adjacent to the cleavage site. These results suggest the carboxy-terminal transamidase recognizes a more extended structure similar to the mechanism proposed for serine proteases. Further, the data provide a potential means for isolating the transamidase.
Viberect penile vibratory stimulation system: evaluation of its erectogenic efficacy. (2013)

This study provides evidence that Viberect produces a non-invasive, well-tolerated erectogenic effect. These results indicate that penile vibratory stimulation provokes erections via neurostimulatory principles and support further study of this modality in treating men with ED.
Preferential Binding of E7010 to Murine β3‐Tubulin and Decreased β3‐Tubulin in E7010‐resistant Cell Lines (1998)

N-[2-[(4-Hydroxyphenyl)amino]-3-pyridyl]-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide+ ++ (E7010) is a novel sulfonamide antimitotic agent, which is active against mouse and human tumors. E7010 binds to beta-tubulin and inhibits polymerization of microtubules. In order to clarify the mechanisms of E7010-resistance, two murine leukemic P388 subclones resistant to E7010, 0.5r-D and 4.0r-M, were characterized. The two clones showed approximately 10- and 100-fold resistance to E7010-induced growth-inhibitory effects, respectively, compared with the parental cells in 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. These cell lines showed no cross-resistance to other anticancer agents such as taxanes, vinca alkaloids, mitomycin C, cisplatin and irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11). Increased alpha- and beta-tubulin protein and mRNA levels were observed in 0.5r-D and 4.0r-M cells as compared with the parental cells. We examined the isotype-specific expression of beta-tubulin in these E7010-resistant cells by a competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction method. Although a 50% increase in beta 5 isotype mRNA levels was observed in 4.0r-M cells, the levels of beta 3 isotype message in the two resistant clones were approximately 50% less than the parental cells. To elucidate the binding properties of E7010 with beta-tubulin isotypes, we prepared isotype-specific fusion proteins of beta-tubulins. Direct photoaffinity labeling of the isotype-specific fusion proteins with [14C]E7010 revealed that E7010 preferentially binds to the beta 3 isotype rather than beta 2, beta 4, and beta 5 isotype proteins. Therefore, altered expression of beta-tubulin isotypes, especially beta 3 isotype, to which E7010 binds with high affinity, may account for the decreased sensitivity of these resistant clones to E7010.
Covert Communication in the Presence of an Uninformed, Informed, and Coordinated Jammer (2022)

This paper is eligible for the Jack Keil Wolf ISIT Student Paper Award. This paper investigates covert communication in the presence of a cooperative jammer. Covert communication refers to the inability of an adversary to distinguish data transmission from a so-called innocent symbol at the input. We consider three related problems: (1) a jammer without direct communication or coordination with the transmitter, (2) a jammer that cribs the output of the transmitter, and (3) a jammer that is able to coordinate with the transmitter via a secret key that is also shared with the legitimate receiver. For each model, we derive inner and outer bounds on the capacity region that are tight in some special cases. Unlike prior results in the literature, the jammer in our model does not have access to unlimited local randomness. In fact, uncovering the fundamental interplay between the covert communication rate, local randomness, and secret key rate, is one of the distinctions and contributions of the present work. In the context of a few specific channels, we calculate achievable covert rates to illuminate our results.
A Method for the Determination of Bi-substrate Kinetic Coefficients: the Example of the b-D-glucose- NAD-GDH Enzymatic Reaction (2015)

Colorimetric detection of glucose in sample liquids such as human plasma is made by using enzymatic reactions. Either glucose oxidase (GOX) or glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) can be used to convert glucose. In the multi reactional scheme, the first enzymatic reaction is determinant. We focused here on the study of the enzyme GDH together with the enzymatic cofactor NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide). This reaction falls in the category of ternary enzymatic reactions. Such reactions depend on four parameters. A method to determine these four parameters is presented in this work, based on a comparison between a series of experiments and the theory. The best values of the parameters are indicated.
3-Vinylazetidin-2-Ones: Synthesis, Antiproliferative and Tubulin Destabilizing Activity in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells (2019)

Microtubule-targeted drugs are essential chemotherapeutic agents for various types of cancer. A series of 3-vinyl-β-lactams (2-azetidinones) were designed, synthesized and evaluated as potential tubulin polymerization inhibitors, and for their antiproliferative effects in breast cancer cells. These compounds showed potent activity in MCF-7 breast cancer cells with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 8 nM for compound <b>7</b><b>s</b> 4-[3-Hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl]-1-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-3-vinylazetidin-2-one) which was comparable to the activity of Combretastatin A-4. Compound <b>7s</b> had minimal cytotoxicity against both non-tumorigenic HEK-293T cells and murine mammary epithelial cells. The compounds inhibited the polymerisation of tubulin in vitro with an 8.7-fold reduction in tubulin polymerization at 10 M for compound <b>7</b><b>s</b> and were shown to interact at the colchicine-binding site on tubulin, resulting in significant G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Immunofluorescence staining of MCF-7 cells confirmed that β-lactam <b>7</b><b>s</b> is targeting tubulin and resulted in mitotic catastrophe. A docking simulation indicated potential binding conformations for the 3-vinyl-β-lactam <b>7</b><b>s</b> in the colchicine domain of tubulin. These compounds are promising candidates for development as antiproiferative microtubule-disrupting agents.
Short and Long-Term Effects of hVEGF-A165 in Cre-Activated Transgenic Mice (2006)

We have generated a transgenic mouse where hVEGF-A(165) expression has been silenced with loxP-STOP fragment, and we used this model to study the effects of hVEGF-A(165) over-expression in mice after systemic adenovirus mediated Cre-gene transfer. Unlike previous conventional transgenic models, this model leads to the expression of hVEGF-A(165) in only a low number of cells in the target tissues in adult mice. Levels of hVEGF-A(165) expression were moderate and morphological changes were found mainly in the liver, showing typical signs of active angiogenesis. Most mice were healthy without any major consequences up to 18 months after the activation of hVEGF-A(165) expression. However, one mouse with a high plasma hVEGF-A(165) level died spontaneously because of bleeding into abdominal cavity and having liver hemangioma, haemorrhagic paratubarian cystic lesions and spleen peliosis. Also, two mice developed malignant tumors (hepatocellular carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma), which were not seen in control mice. We conclude that long-term uncontrolled hVEGF-A(165) expression in only a limited number of target cells in adult mice can be associated with pathological changes, including possible formation of malignant tumors and uncontrolled bleeding in target tissues. These findings have implications for the design of long-term clinical trials using hVEGF-A(165) gene and protein.
Cache write generate for parallel image processing on shared memory architectures (1996)

We investigate cache write generate, our cache mode invention. We demonstrate that for parallel image processing applications, the new mode improves main memory bandwidth, CPU efficiency, cache hits, and cache latency. We use register level simulations validated by the UW-Proteus system. Many memory, cache, and processor configurations are evaluated.