gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative EPR study of Mn(II)salen oxidation within zeolite Y (2000)

Encapsulation of two different Mn(II)salen complexes within the supercavities of zeolite Y was accomplished by means of two established synthetic routes and they were unequivocally characterized by spectroscopic techniques [Fourier transform infrared, diffuse reflectance and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)]. In solution it is well established that high-spin Mn(II)salen complexes react spontaneously with molecular oxygen to yield various oxidation products. These include Mn(III) species and several oxy-bridged [Mn(salen)O] n molecules. In the zeolite only the monomeric Mn(III)salen complex can be expected owing to the steric constraints imposed by these inorganic solids. This oxidation reaction from Mn(II) to Mn(III) was easily followed by EPR spectroscopy. According to these EPR measurements, the intrazeolitic oxidation of Mn(II)salen to Mn(III)salen by dioxygen proceeds with difficulty by virtue of a speculative lattice coordination stabilizing effect. This situation can be overcome by using efficient classical oxidants such as tert-butyl hydroperoxide or hypochlorite. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana (Géhin) (Dipt., Cecidomyidae), on wheat in Finland (1984)

Sitodiplosis mosellana has been found for the first time infesting wheat in Finland. In the wheat field studied, the egg laying period was in mid July, and the larvae left the ears in mid August. On an average ca. 20 % of the ears were infested. It was estimated, that 1.7 % of the grains were sucked by the larvae. The level of infestation was found to differ between wheal varieties.
A Distributed Maximum-Likelihood-Based State Estimation Approach for Power Systems (2020)

The distribution of measurement noise is commonly considered as an assumed Gaussian model in power systems, but this assumption is not always true in reality. This article introduces a distributed maximum-likelihood-based state estimation approach for multiarea power systems using the student's t-distribution measurement noise model. The t-distribution has the property of “thick tail” to better model the occurrence of outliers and is fairly flexible to model different noise statistics. The finite-time average consensus algorithm is utilized in conjunction with an influence function to realize the proposed distributed approach within a totally distributed framework. Based on the local measurement residuals and the limited information exchanged with neighboring areas, each local area can obtain the global optimum system-wide robust state estimates, while the existing distributed state estimation methods can only get local estimates. Moreover, the communication scheme is more flexible and can be totally different from the transmission lines between local areas. Simulations tested on the IEEE 14-bus and 118-bus systems verify the effectiveness of the proposed distributed approach.
Nematic Liquid Crystals: Synthesis of Nematic Liquid Crystals (1998)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Benzene, Biphenyl and Terphenyl Systems Cyclohexane Systems 1,4-Disubstituted-bicyclo[2.2.2] octanes 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3-dioxanes 2,5-Disubstituted-pyridines 2,5-Disubstituted-pyrimidines 2,5-Disubstituted-pyrimidines Naphthalene systems Unusual Core Systems Ester Linkages Lateral Substitution 4-c-(trans-4- Alkyl- cyclohexy1)-1-alkyl-r-1-cyanocyclohexanes Terminal Groups
Metasurface-based compact light engine for AR headsets (2019)

Despite the great advances, potentials of augmented reality to fundamentally transform the way people use computers is partially hindered by the size and weight of the AR headsets. In waveguide-based devices, the light engine constitutes a significant portion of the total volume and weight. Dielectric metasurfaces have in recent years been used to demonstrate various high performance optical elements like blazed gratings and wide field of view lenses with small thicknesses, high efficiencies, and little stray light. Here, we report our work on the design of a compact light engine based on multi-metasurface optics with wide fields of view, integrated with three monochrome &mu;-LED displays for red, green, and blue. The metasurfaces image the &mu;-LEDs on the prism or grating couplers. This design avoids an important shortcoming of &mu;-LEDs and metasurface lenses, i.e., each work well for a single wavelength. As an example, we present a design for 532 nm, with over 3000 resolved angular points in an 8-mm-diameter field of view, and a total volume less than 0.65 cc (&lt;2 cc for the three wavelengths). Limited by the total internal reflection region inside a waveguide with a 1.78 refractive index, the light engine can produce an image with over 1500x1500 points over a field of view slightly larger than 85&deg;x85&deg; in air. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposal and demonstration of such a system and therefore opens the path towards exploring the potentials of the metasurface diffractive optics technology for compact AR headsets with enhanced optical capabilities.
Surgical Robotics: A Review and Neurosurgical Prototype Development (2004)

Breadboard testing of the prototype components has shown spatial resolution of 30 microm, greatly exceeding our expectations. Neurosurgeons will not only be able to perform current procedures with a higher margin of safety but also must speculate on techniques that have hitherto not even been contemplated. This includes coupling the robot to intelligent tools that interrogate tissue before its manipulation and the potential of molecular imaging to transform neurosurgical research into surgical exploration of the cell, not the organ.
A Preliminary Investigation of the E-Beam Induced Polymerization of Maleimide and Norbornene End-capped Polyimides (2005)

A research area of high activity in connection with aerospace engineering has been the development of polymer thermosetting resins that can resist temperature as high as 300 C while maintaining adequate toughness, and providing ease of processing to enable low temperature and low cost composite fabrication methods. In order to meet such requirements, sequential interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on bismaleimide (BMI) and cyanate ester (CE) monomers were investigated. In these systems, a polycyanurate network is first formed in the presence of BMI and appropriate reactive diluent monomers and in a second step, a network based on the BMI is created in the presence of a fully formed polycyanurate network. The materials developed can be processed at relatively low temperature (less than 150 C) and with the aid of electron beam (EB) curing. Of major importance to the success of this work was the identification of a reactive diluent that improves ease of processing and has tailored reactivity to allow for the controlled synthesis of CE-BMI sequential IPNs. Based on solubility and reactivity of a number of reactive diluents, N-acryloylmorpholine (AMP) was selected as a comonomer for BMI copolymerization. A donor-acceptoreaction mechanism was suggested to explain the relative reactivity of a variety of reactive diluents towards maleimide functionality. The optimum processing parameters for the formation of the first network were determined through the study of metal catalyzed cure and hydrolysis of cyanate esters, whereas the reaction behavior for second network formation in terms of the influence of EB dose rate and temperature was elucidated through an in-situ kinetics study of maleimide and AMP copolymerization. Structure-property relationships were developed which allowed for the design of improved resin systems. In particular, appropriate network coupler possessing cyanate ester and maleimide functionality was synthesized to link the polycyanurate first network to the BMI/AMP second network and thus form linked sequential IPNs (LIPNs). Consequently, Tg as high as 370 C was achieved and a fracture toughness of 120 Joules per square meters was obtained for resin systems that possess adequately low viscosity for processing using liquid molding techniques at low temperature.
Resource-Aware Control - Model-Based Co-Engineering of Control Algorithms and Real-Time Systems (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The underlying theories of both control engineering and real-time systems engineering assume idealized system abstractions that mutually neglect central aspects of the other discipline. Control engineering theory, on the one hand, usually assumes jitter free sampling and constant input-output latencies disregarding complex real-world timing effects. Real-time engineering theory, on the other hand, uses abstract performance models that neglect the functional behavior, and derives worst-case situations that have little expressiveness for control functionalities in physically dominated automotive systems. As a consequence, there is a lot of potential for a systematic co-engineering between both disciplines, increasing design efficiency and confidence.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;We have taken a standard control-engineering tool, Simulink, and combined it with state-of-the-art real-time system design and analysis tools, SymTA/S and TraceAnalyzer from Symtavision. We define a timing-aware control design workflow that enables the control engineer to consider actual target timing during controller layout and provides the system integrator with additional properties to exploit the design freedom during scheduling design and target integration. The workflow is enabled through a Simulink and SymTA/S toolbox which is applied to a realistic (active suspension) application. This shows that the approach allows uncovering integration problems long before the actual implementation is complete or the software is integrated - leaving the opportunity for efficient and goal-oriented planning of countermeasures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Emotion Recognition using Deep Learning (2023)

Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) is critical in Human computer engagement (HCI) because it provides a deeper knowledge of the situation and leads to better engagement. Various machine learning and Deep Learning (DL) methods have been developed over the past decade to improve SER procedures. In this research, we evaluate the features of speech then offer Speech Former++, a comprehensive structure-based framework for paralinguistic speech processing. Following the component relationship in the speech signal, we propose a unit encoder to efficiently simulate intra- and inter-unit information (i.e., frames, phones, and words). We use merging blocks to generate features at different granularities in accordance with the hierarchy connection, which is consistent with the structural structure in the speech signal. Rather than extracting spatiotemporal information from hand-crafted features, we investigate how to represent the temporal patterns of speech emotions using dynamic temporal scales. To that end, we provide Temporal-aware bI- direction Multi-scale Network (TIM-Net), a unique temporal emotional modelling strategy for SER that learns multi-scale contextual affective representations from different time scales. Unweighted Accuracy (UA) of 65.20% and Weighted Accuracy (WA) of 78.29% are accomplished using signal features in low- and high-level descriptions, as well as various deep neural networks and machine learning approaches.
A chromosome 3-encoded repressor of the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) gene controls the state of hTERT chromatin. (2003)

Telomerase is crucial for human carcinogenesis. The limiting component of telomerase activity is telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), undetectable in differentiated somatic cells but present in most tumor cells. There is evidence that hTERT transcription is shut down by a repressor in normal cells, but the mechanisms that turn on or maintain expression in tumor cells are not understood. To identify cis-acting regulatory elements, we scanned the hTERT gene for nuclease sensitive sites. In tumor cells and in in vitro transformed fibroblasts that contain hTERT mRNA, we detected a pattern of nuclease-sensitive sites in the second intron different from that in normal fibroblasts. To test whether the chromatin state characterized by the increased nuclease sensitivity plays a role in tumor-specific hTERT expression, we used a telomerase-positive breast carcinoma line, 21NT. Introduction of a normal chromosome 3 into these cells is known to down-regulate hTERT expression, probably through transcriptional silencing. 21NT cells displayed a similar pattern of micrococcal nuclease (MNase) sensitivity to other telomerase-positive lines, whereas the hTERT chromatin of the chromosome 3-hybrids resembled that of normal fibroblasts. In segregants that had lost the normal chromosome 3, the MNase sensitivity pattern characteristic of telomerase-positive cells was restored, and some (but not all) re-expressed the hTERT gene. The simplest model compatible with these results, and with data on the mapping of an hTERT repressor on chromosome 3, is that hTERT expression in tumor cells depends on an open state of intron 2-chromatin. We propose that, during the development of the breast carcinoma from which the 21NT cell line was derived, loss of function of this repressor led to chromatin remodeling necessary (but probably not sufficient) for expression of the hTERT gene. An improved understanding of the precise mechanism of hTERT dysregulation in human cancer may well find applications in the development of antitelomerase cancer therapy.
Zoster Vaccination Increases the Breadth of CD4+T Cells Responsive to Varicella Zoster Virus (2015)

The breadth and magnitude of the VZV-specific CD4(+) T-cell response increase after zoster vaccination. In addition to glycoprotein E (ORF68), we identified antigenic ORFs that may be useful components of subunit vaccines.
779: RENCA/CAIX: A Murine Model of Renal Cell Carcinoma Expressing Carbonic Anhydrase IX (2004)

THE JOURNAL OF UROLOGY decreased) in Caki-1 cells and 294 genes (248 increased and 46 decreased) in KU19-20 cells. The observed change was poorly concordant between these two cell lines. Only 39 of 284 genes with increased and 6 with decreased expression were commonly demonstrated in both Caki-1 and KU 19-20 cells under hypoxia. In Caki-1 cells, expression of genes related to apoptosis and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs ), and cell adhesion molecules were increased in response to hypoxia. MMP 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, and 26 genes were markedly upregulated in hypoxic Caki-1 cells but not in KU 19-20 cells. Expression of several apoptosis related genes, such as BCL-2, caspase 9, baculoviral lAP repeatcontaining 1 (BIRC 1), BIRC 5, and BCL2-antagonistlkiller 1, as well as cell adhesion molecules including integrin alpha 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, and X genes were also up-regulated only in hypoxic Caki-1 cells.
Near Critical Heat Flux From Small Substrates Under Controlled Spray Cooling (2009)

The increasing power density on electronic components has resulted in temperature problems related to the generation of hot spots and the need to remove high heat flux in small areas. This work is aimed at the cooling of small surfaces (1 mm × 1.2 mm) by using a monodisperse spray from thermal ink jet (TIJ) atomizers. Heat fluxes near the critical heat flux (CHF) are obtained for different conditions of cooling mass flow rate, droplet deposition, and number of active droplet jets. Experimental results at quasiequilibrium show the heat flux scales to the cooling mass flow rate. It is observed that two simultaneously activated jets result in slightly smaller heat flux compared to a single jet of droplets for the same mass flow rate. Droplet momentum and spreading or splashing, as determined by a combination of Weber number and Reynolds number effect via K = We1/2Re1/4, may impact the efficiency of the delivery of the cooling mass flow. Current experimental results at K = 24.5 and K = 52.2 for the copper surface temperatures ranging 110 – 120 °C indicate there is little influence of the splashing on the heat dissipation. System heat losses are measured experimentally and compared to a numerical and analytical solution to estimate the actual heat dissipated by the droplet change of phase.
Modulation Effect of Interlayer Spacing on the Superconductivity of Electron-Doped FeSe-Based Intercalates (2015)

FeSe-based intercalates are regarded as promising candidates for high-critical temperature (Tc) superconductors. Here we present new Na- and Sr-intercalated FeSe superconductors with embedded linear diamines (H2N)CnH2n(NH2) (abbreviated as DA; n = 0, 2, 3, or 6) prepared using a low-temperature ammonothermal method to investigate the effect of interlayer spacing on the superconductivity of electron-doped FeSes. The embedded DA formed a monolayer or bilayer in the interlayer of FeSe. The interlayer spacing between nearest FeSe layers could be tuned from 0.87 to 1.14 nm without significant change in the Na/Sr content or the ratio of Fe to Se. Importantly, bilayer phases Na/ethylenediamine- and Sr/hydrazine-FeSe show improved structural stability compared to that of Na/NH3-FeSe. The series of Na- and Sr-intercalated FeSe samples exhibited nearly the same high Tc values of 41-46 and 34-38 K, respectively, irrespective of rather different interlayer spacing d. The peculiar insensitivity for both series can be ascribed to the negligible dispersions of bands along the c axis; i.e., Fermi surfaces are nearly two-dimensional when d is larger than a certain threshold value (dsat) of ∼0.9 nm. The Fermi surface shape is already optimal for Tc, and a larger d will not enhance Tc further. On the other hand, the difference in Tc between two series may be explained by the higher carrier doping level in Na/DA-FeSes compared to that in Sr/DA-FeSes, resulting in the increased density of states at the Fermi level and superconducting pairing strength.
Magnetic Core Solenoid Power Inductors on Organic Substrate for System-in-Package Integrated High-Frequency Voltage Regulators (2019)

In this paper, the design, modeling, fabrication, and characterization of System-in-Package (SiP) solenoid power inductor using a NiZn ferrite composite magnetic core material is demonstrated. A novel fabrication process has been developed for integrating the inductor into the buck-type integrated voltage regulator (IVR) module. The process uses stencil printing to deposit and pattern the magnetic core material. Photolithography and copper electroplating are used to form the windings. The electrical parameters of the fabricated inductors were extracted from measurements. The inductors had an average dc resistance of 19 mQ, average inductance of 28.3 nH, and average ac resistance of 2.28 Ω at 100 MHz, which is the operating frequency of the IVR. The organic substrate parasitic effect led to an average shunt capacitance of 2.31 pF and an average parasitic conductance of 0.12 mS at 100 MHz. The 10% saturation current was 11.53 A. The electrical parameters of the fabricated inductors were modeled and showed good accuracy with measured data. The inductors showed an inductance to dc resistance ratio of 1613 nH/Q. The area and volume energy densities were 158.4 nJ/mm2 and 283.0 nJ/mm3, respectively. These are the highest reported values for a solenoid magnetic core power inductor at 100 MHz.
Cucurbitacin E inhibits the Yes‑associated protein signaling pathway and suppresses brain metastasis of human non‑small cell lung cancer in a murine model (2019)

Human non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is associated with an extremely poor prognosis especially for the 40% of patients who develop brain metastasis, and few treatment strategies exist. Cucurbitacin E (CuE), an oxygenated tetracyclic triterpenoid isolated from plants particularly of the family Cucurbitaceae, has shown anti‑tumorigenic properties in several types of cancer, yet the mechanism remains unclear. Yes‑associated protein (YAP), a main mediator of the Hippo signaling pathway, promotes tumorigenesis, drug resistance and metastasis in human NSCLC. The present study was designed to ascertain whether CuE inhibits YAP and its downstream gene expression in the human NSCLC cell lines H2030‑BrM3 (K‑rasG12C mutation) and PC9‑BrM3 (EGFRΔexon19 mutation), which have high potential for brain metastasis. The efficacy of CuE in suppressing brain metastasis of H2030‑BrM3 cells in a murine model was also investigated. It was found that after CuE treatment in H2030‑BrM3 and PC9‑BrM3 cells, YAP protein expression was decreased, and YAP signaling GTIIC reporter activity and expression of the downstream genes CTGF and CYR61 were significantly (P<0.01) decreased. CuE treatment also reduced the migration and invasion abilities of the H2030‑BrM3 and PC9‑BrM3 cells. Finally, our in vivo study showed that CuE treatment (0.2 mg/kg) suppressed H2030‑BrM3 cell brain metastasis and that mice treated with CuE survived longer than the control mice treated with 10% DMSO (P=0.02). The present study is the first to demonstrate that CuE treatment inhibits YAP and the signaling downstream gene expression in human NSCLC in vitro, and suppresses brain metastasis of NSCLC in a murine model. More studies to verify the promising efficacy of CuE in inhibiting brain metastasis of NSCLC and various other cancers may be warranted.
New Insight Into Pathogenicity and Secondary Metabolism of the Plant Pathogen Penicillium expansum Through Deletion of the Epigenetic Reader SntB (2020)

<i>Penicillium expansum</i> is one of the most harmful post-harvest pathogens of pomaceous fruits and the causal agent of blue rot disease. During infection, <i>P. expansum</i> produces the toxic secondary metabolites patulin and citrinin that can impact virulence and, further, render the fruit inedible. Several studies have shown that epigenetic machinery controls synthesis of secondary metabolites in fungi. In this regard, the epigenetic reader, SntB, has been reported to govern the production of multiple toxins in <i>Aspergillus</i> species, and impact virulence of plant pathogenic fungi. Here we show that deletion of <i>sntB</i> in <i>P. expansum</i> results in several phenotypic changes in the fungus including stunted vegetative growth, reduced conidiation, but enhanced germination rates as well as decreased virulence on Golden Delicious apples. In addition, a decrease in both patulin and citrinin biosynthesis <i>in vitro</i> and patulin in apples, was observed. SntB positively regulates expression of three global regulators of virulence and secondary metabolism (LaeA, CreA, and PacC) which may explain in part some of the phenotypic and virulence defects of the PeΔ<i>sntB</i> strain. Lastly, results from this study revealed that the controlled environmental factors (low temperatures and high CO<sub>2</sub> levels) to which <i>P. expansum</i> is commonly exposed during fruit storage, resulted in a significant reduction of <i>sntB</i> expression and consequent patulin and citrinin reduction. These data identify the epigenetic reader SntB as critical factor regulated in post-harvest pathogens under storage conditions and a potential target to control fungal colonization and decaying of stored fruit.
Living Templates for the Hierarchical Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles (2003)

Mit lebenden Pilzen als Templaten werden nano-, mikro- und makroskopisch hochgeordnete Architekturen aus DNA-funktionalisierten Gold-Nanoteilchen dynamisch kontrolliert aufgebaut. Durch einfaches Austauschen der Nanoteilchen-Lösungen können auf einer Templat-Hyphe entlang der Wachstumsrichtung nebeneinander Architekturen aus unterschiedlichen Bausteinen aufgereiht werden (siehe Schema).