gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Outlook on the Unlicensed Operation Aspects of NR (2017)

The standardization of 5G New Radio (NR) has started and addresses a wide range of use-cases. The 5G application demands include among others, very high data rates, support for huge number of low-power devices and mission critical communication. NR design supports operation in both traditional licensed frequency spectrum bands as well as unlicensed frequencies. In this paper, we present some of the design aspects and architectural details of NR to support spectrum sharing in the unlicensed spectrum. Moreover, we present system level simulation results showing the NR spectrum sharing capabilities while complying with the regulatory requirements.
New Gas-Phase Catalytic Oxidative Processes for Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel (2015)

An effective gas-phase oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process was proposed. The process was studied in a laboratory reactor with a proprietary catalyst at 300-400 ºС and ambient pressure with model fuels represented by thiophene, dibenzothiophene(DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) dissolved in octane, isooctane or toluene. The reactivity of different sulfur containing molecules in ODS was shown to increase in the sequence: thiophene&lt;DBT&lt;DMDBT. The main sulfur containing product of oxidation of these compounds was SO2. During the gas-phase ODS both processes of sulfur species oxidation and processes of their adsorption were observed and studied. Based on the conducted studies, different ODS process designs comprising its integration with adsorption and regeneration processes and with conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process were proposed. One scheme is based on alternating regimes of ODS and catalyst regeneration in two reactors: sulfur is removed from organic feedstock by oxidation and adsorption in one reactor while simultaneous regeneration of the catalyst that has accumulated sulfur compounds takes place in another reactor. Two other schemes are based on joint use of ODS and HDS. The conventional HDS process is most effective for removal of low-boiling sulfur containing compounds reactive with respect to hydrogen, while removal of refractory sulfur compounds, such as DMDBT is more easily achieved by gas phase ODS. Thus the combination of these processes is expected to be most efficient for deep desulfurization of diesel fuel.
New Method for the Synthesis of 2-Acylamino-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide Derivatives from the Corresponding Esters (2008)

Abstract An unusual chemical method has been applied for the preparation of 1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide derivatives from esters by reaction with lithium amide in tetrahydrofurane.
Hardness reinforcement by surface engineering of soda lime silicate glass under thermal poling (2018)

Surface engineering of soda-lime silicate glass has been performed by thermal poling and the correlation between the local structure and the mechanical properties of the field-induced modified surface has been investigated. Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES) demonstrates the structuring under a high electric field of a multi-layered material under the surface due to the migration of cations species. The nature of the atmosphere directly impacts on the charge compensation mechanisms involved and on the resulting mechanical properties.
Kinetics of Recombinant Adenovirus Type 5, Vaccinia Virus, Modified Vaccinia Ankara Virus, and DNA Antigen Expression In Vivo and the Induction of Memory T-Lymphocyte Responses (2008)

While a new generation of vaccine vectors has been developed for eliciting cellular immune responses, little is known about the optimal routes for their administration or about the ramifications of the kinetics of in vivo vaccine antigen expression for immunogenicity. We evaluated the kinetics of vaccine antigen expression by real-time in vivo photon imaging and showed dramatic differences in these kinetics using different vectors and different routes of administration. Further, using a gamma interferon enzyme-linked immunospot assay to measure T-lymphocyte immune responses, we observed an association between the kinetics of vaccine antigen expression in vivo and the magnitude of vaccine-elicited memory T-lymphocyte responses. These results highlight the utility of the real-time in vivo photon-imaging technology in evaluating novel immunization strategies and suggest an association between the kinetics of vaccine antigen clearance and the magnitude of vaccine-elicited T-lymphocyte memory immune responses.
Screening of a Focused Ubiquitin-Proteasome Pathway Inhibitor Library Identifies Small Molecules as Novel Modulators of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Toxicity (2021)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are known as the most potent bacterial toxins, which can cause potentially deadly disease botulism. BoNT Serotype A (BoNT/A) is the most studied serotype as it is responsible for most human botulism cases, and its formulations are extensively utilized in clinics for therapeutic and cosmetic applications. BoNT/A has the longest-lasting effect in neurons compared to other serotypes, and there has been high interest in understanding how BoNT/A manages to escape protein degradation machinery in neurons for months. Recent work demonstrated that an E3 ligase, HECTD2, leads to efficient ubiquitination of the BoNT/A Light Chain (A/LC); however, the dominant activity of a deubiquitinase (DUB), VCIP135, inhibits the degradation of the enzymatic component. Another DUB, USP9X, was also identified as a potential indirect contributor to A/LC degradation. In this study, we screened a focused ubiquitin-proteasome pathway inhibitor library, including VCIP135 and USP9X inhibitors, and identified ten potential lead compounds affecting BoNT/A mediated SNAP-25 cleavage in neurons in pre-intoxication conditions. We then tested the dose-dependent effects of the compounds and their potential toxic effects in cells. A subset of the lead compounds demonstrated efficacy on the stability and ubiquitination of A/LC in cells. Three of the compounds, WP1130 (degrasyn), PR-619, and Celastrol, further demonstrated efficacy against BoNT/A holotoxin in an <i>in vitro</i> post-intoxication model. Excitingly, PR-619 and WP1130 are known inhibitors of VCIP135 and USP9X, respectively. Modulation of BoNT turnover in cells by small molecules can potentially lead to the development of effective countermeasures against botulism.
Telomeres and telomerase (1999)

Telomeres are in the spotlight of modern biology. Whether the subject at hand is cancer, gene regulation, organismal aging, or the cloning of mammals, much seems to depend on what happens at the ends of chromosomes. Because glamorous hypotheses often persist without experimental support, it is important to ask ourselves what we really know about telomeres. This was the topic of a recent meeting entitled ‘Telomeres and telomerase: cancer, aging, and genetic instability,’ held at the Juan March Centre for International Meetings on Biology (Madrid). Leading scientists in the field of telomere biology presented their latest data in an intimate and friendly setting, as summarized below.
Stroboscopic Schlieren study of bubble formation during megasonic agitation (2010)

An important problem in megasonic cleaning is the nucleation process of bubbles, which act as the cleaning agents. A fundamental understanding of this nucleation process will help to optimize the cleaning parameters for future applications to achieve damage free cleaning. In this work, we use quantitative stroboscopic Schlieren imaging to study the interaction of nucleating bubbles with a travelling acoustic wave. The advantage of this method is that it is non-interfering, meaning that it does not disturb the bubble nucleation. It is revealed that nucleation mechanism is a 2 step process, where a regime of slow bubble growth due to rectified diffusion is subsequently followed by a transient cavitation cycle, where bubbles grow explosively. The latter is accompanied by broadband acoustic emission and enhanced thermal dissipation, leading to the occurrence of thermal convection visible in the Schlieren images.
DBO: Response Time Fairness for Cloud-Hosted Financial Exchanges (2023)

In this paper, we consider the problem of hosting financial exchanges in the cloud. Financial exchanges require predictable, equal latency to all market participants to ensure fairness for various tasks, such as high speed trading. However, it is extremely difficult to ensure equal latency to all market participants in existing cloud deployments, because of various reasons, such as congestion, and unequal network paths. In this paper, we address the unfairness that stems from lack of determinism in cloud networks. We argue that predictable or bounded latency is not necessary to achieve fairness. Inspired by the use of logical clocks in distributed systems, we present Delivery Based Ordering (DBO), a new approach that ensures fairness by instead correcting for differences in latency to the participants. We evaluate DBO both in our hardware test bed and in a public cloud deployment and demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve guaranteed fairness and sub-100 microsecond latency while operating at high transaction rates.
Letter to the Editor Regarding Our Article “Properties of Biologic Scaffolds and Their Response to Mesenchymal Stem Cells” (2014)

We are writing in regard to our article “Properties of Biologic Scaffolds and Their Response to Mesenchymal Stem Cells” published in the March 2014 issue of Arthroscopy.1 Throughout the article, we refer to the 2 collagen scaffolds tested as being “highly and non–cross-linked.” These terms were meant to describe the histologic structure of the scaffold; they were not meant to indicate anything else, such as the chemical processes by which some biologic scaffolds are manufactured.2 In our study the porcine collagen scaffold has a loose fibrous infrastructure compared with the human dermal scaffold that is more tightly packed.
Towards effective service delivery via customer relationship management (2007)

The White Paper on Transformation of the Public Service (Batho Pele) served as the cornerstone of introducing the Principles of Batho Pele to further and enhance the agenda for service delivery. One of the critical principles of Batho Pele is that of its customer focus. This principle is premised on a value and relationship management perspective. Today much emphasis is placed on customer satisfaction, and to regularly interface with the customers whom we are called to serve in the public domain. This paper examines the notion of customer relationship management and its role in service delivery, focusing on a few trends and a model thus creating an enabling environment for effective and efficient service delivery. The emphasis is not only on communication, but also on organisational and process approaches to ensure goal-oriented actions.
Access Control in Wireless Local Area Networks (2011)

Wireless local area networks (WLAN) are rapidly becoming a core part of network access. Supporting user mobility, more specifically session continuation in changing network access points, is becoming an integral part of wireless network services. This is because of the popularity of emerging real-time streaming applications that can be commonly used when the user is mobile, such as voice-over-IP and Internet radio. However, mobility introduces a new set of problems in wireless environments because of handoffs between network access points (APs). The IEEE 802.11i security standard imposes an authentication delay long enough to hamper real-time applications. This chapter will provide a comprehensive study on fast authentication solutions found in the literature as well as the industry that address this problem. These proposals focus on solving the mentioned problem for intradomain handoff scenarios where the access points belong to the same administrative domain or provider. Interdomain roaming is also becoming common-place for wireless access. We need fast authentication solutions for these environments that are managed by independent administrative authorities. We detail such a solution that explores the use of local trust relationships to foster fast authentication.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
[Allelopathic effect of Nelumbo nucifera stem and leaf tissue extract on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus quadricanda]. (2013)

Effects of Nelumbo nucifera stem and leaf tissue extract on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus quadricanda were studied to verify its potential in entriphication control. Five concentrations of Nelumbo nucifera stem and leaf tissue extract were chosen to compare their inhibitory effects on the growth of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus quadricanda. The result showed that the leaf extract inhibited the algae bloom more effectively than the stem extract on the whole. When the leaf extract normality was 25 g x L(-1), the highest inhibition rate of Microcystis aeruginosa and Scenedesmus quadricanda was 71.33% and 78.14%, respectively, while for the stem extract, the values were 49.78% and 52.14%. Propanamide was found in both the stem and leaf tissue extracts of Nelumbo nucifera by GC-MS analysis, with concentrations of 1.1 mg x L(-1) and 0.2 mg x L(-1), respectively. The EC50 values of the two kinds of algae were calculated by the probability method.
Compact Modeling of IGBT Charging/Discharging for Accurate Switching Prediction (2020)

The trench-type IGBT is one of the major devices developed for very high-voltage applications, and has been widely used for the motor control of EVs as well as for power-supply systems. In the reported investigation, the accurate prediction of the power dissipation of IGBT circuits has been analyzed. The main focus is given on the carrier dynamics within the IGBTs during the switching-off phase. It is demonstrated that discharging and charging at the IGBT's gate-bottom-overlap region, where electron discharging is followed by hole charging, has an important influence on the switching performance. In particular, the comparison of long-base and short-base IGBTs reveals, that a quicker formation of the neutral region within the resistive base region, as occurring in the long-base IGBT, leads to lower gate-bottom-overlap capacitance, thus realizing faster electron discharging and hole charging of this overlap region.
Electrophoresis of nanodiamond powder for cold cathode fabrication (2002)

The preparation of diamond coatings by electrophoresis/dielectrophoresis from suspension of diamond powder has a number of advantages as compared to commonly used CVD methods. It is a room temperature process requiring very simple facilities and minimal time. In this paper, we present results on the fabrication of cold cathodes and FED prototypes by using shock-synthesized nanodiamond (ND) powders.
Characterizing multisegment foot kinematics during gait in diabetic foot patients (2009)

Even though various biomechanical models have been developed so far to study the properties and behaviour of the foot, the present study focuses on developing a methodology for the functional assessment of the foot-ankle complex and for the definition of a functional model of the diabetic neuropathic foot. It is, of course, important to evaluate the major sources of variation (true variation in the subject's gait and artefacts from the measurement procedure). The repeatability of the protocol was therefore examined, and results showed the suitability of this method both on normal and pathological subjects. Comparison between normal and pathological kinematics analysis confirmed the validity of a similar approach in order to assess neuropathics biomechanics impairment.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Hepatitis Delta Virus in Homosexual Men (1988)

The prevalence of hepatitis delta virus antibodies was determined in four cohorts of homosexual or bisexual men positive for hepatitis B surface antigen who were evaluated between April 1984 and April 1985. Antibodies to hepatitis delta virus were found in 16 of 106 men in Los Angeles (15.1%; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 8.3% to 21.9%); 6 of 64 men in San Francisco (9.4%; 95% Cl, 3.5% to 19.3%); 1 of 76 men in Pittsburgh (1.3%; 95% Cl, 0.03% to 7.1%); and 0 of 52 men in Chicago (0%; 95% Cl, 0% to 5.6%). From 44.0% to 65.4% of men negative for hepatitis delta virus and all men positive for hepatitis delta virus but one (P less than 0.0001) were positive for antibodies to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). In multivariate analysis, infection with hepatitis delta virus was associated with intravenous drug use (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.7, P less than 0.01), with sexual activity as measured by number of partners (adjusted OR = 8.4, p less than 0.01), and probably with rectal trauma (adjusted OR = 3.9, P = 0.17). As with HIV infection, prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection in homosexual men differs by location and is most likely transmitted both sexually and parenterally.
Electron Beam Size Measurements in A Cooling Solenoid (2006)

The Fermilab Electron Cooling Project [1] requires a straight trajectory and constant beam size to provide effective cooling of the antiprotons in the Recycler. A measurement system was developed using movable appertures and steering bumps to measure the beam size in a 20m long, nearly continuous, solenoid. This paper discusses the required beam parameters, the implimentation of the measurement system and results for our application.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Ligand‐Enabled C(sp3)−H Arylation of Piperidine and Tetrahydropyran Derivatives (2016)

Pd(II)-catalyzed C(sp(3))-H arylation of saturated heterocycles with a wide range of aryl iodides is enabled by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand. A C(sp(3))-H insertion step by the Pd(II)/NHC complex in the absence of ArI is demonstrated experimentally for the first time. Experimental data suggests that the previously established NHC-mediated Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic manifold does not operate in this reaction. This transformation provides a new approach for diversifying pharmaceutically relevant piperidine and tetrahydropyran ring systems.
3D Nanostructuring of hydrogen silsesquioxane resist by 100 keV electron beam lithography (2011)

The authors investigated the three-dimensional nanostructuring of hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) resist by multiple-step 100 keV electron beam lithography. Consecutive overlay exposures were used to create two- and three-levels in high aspect ratio HSQ structures with lateral dimensions down to 30 nm and resist thicknesses of about 1 μm. The HSQ resist was developed by a high contrast solution and supercritically dried in a carbon dioxide environment after each exposure step. The three-dimensional HSQ patterning has potential applications in the fabrication of performance enhanced devices such as photonic crystals, nanoelectromechanical systems, and diffractive X-ray lenses.
Determination of the Effect of In Vitro Time, Temperature, and Tourniquet Use on Whole Blood Venous Point-of-care Lactate Concentrations (2007)

Whole blood point-of-care lactate concentrations in healthy subjects do not change significantly over 15 minutes at either -1 degrees C or 23 degrees C, and the use of a tourniquet has no appreciable effect on lactate concentrations.
72.2: Phosphorescent OLEDs: Enabling Solid State Lighting with Lower Temperature and Longer Lifetime (2011)

Abstract We present a pair of 15 cm × 15 cm all‐phosphorescent OLED light panels with high efficacy and extended operational lifetime. Panel 1 operates at 1,000 cd/m 2 with power efficacy = 62 lm/W. At a higher luminance of 3,000 cd/m 2 , power efficacy = 49 lm/W, CRI = 82, CCT = 2,950 K and CIE 1931 (x, y) = (0.446, 0.417). Similar high efficacy performance is recorded for Panel 2, which has lifetime to LT70 ∼ 4,000 hrs at 3,000 cd/m 2 . Excellent lifetime is enabled by a new light blue phosphorescent materials system and by the use of efficient phosphorescent emitters that ensure very low panel temperature without any additional thermal management.
Machine Learning Integrity and Privacy in Adversarial Environments (2021)

Machine learning is increasingly being used for automated decisions in applications such as health care, finance, autonomous vehicles, and personalized recommendations. These critical applications require strong guarantees on both the integrity of the machine learning models and the privacy of the user data used to train these models. The area of adversarial machine learning studies the effect of adversarial attacks against machine learning models and aims to design robust defense algorithms. The main challenges in this space are the development of realistic adversarial models that consider the specifics of real-world applications, and the design of machine learning algorithms resilient against a wide range of threats.
STK33 kinase inhibitor BRD-8899 has no effect on KRAS-dependent cancer cell viability (2012)

Approximately 30% of human cancers harbor oncogenic gain-of-function mutations in KRAS. Despite interest in KRAS as a therapeutic target, direct blockade of KRAS function with small molecules has yet to be demonstrated. Based on experiments that lower mRNA levels of protein kinases, KRAS-dependent cancer cells were proposed to have a unique requirement for the serine/threonine kinase STK33. Thus, it was suggested that small-molecule inhibitors of STK33 might have therapeutic benefit in these cancers. Here, we describe the development of selective, low nanomolar inhibitors of STK33's kinase activity. The most potent and selective of these, BRD8899, failed to kill KRAS-dependent cells. While several explanations for this result exist, our data are most consistent with the view that inhibition of STK33's kinase activity does not represent a promising anti-KRAS therapeutic strategy.
Temperature‐Dependent Charge‐Carrier Dynamics in CH3NH3PbI3 Perovskite Thin Films (2015)

The photoluminescence, transmittance, charge‐carrier recombination dynamics, mobility, and diffusion length of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 are investigated in the temperature range from 8 to 370 K. Profound changes in the optoelectronic properties of this prototypical photovoltaic material are observed across the two structural phase transitions occurring at 160 and 310 K. Drude‐like terahertz photoconductivity spectra at all temperatures above 80 K suggest that charge localization effects are absent in this range. The monomolecular charge‐carrier recombination rate generally increases with rising temperature, indicating a mechanism dominated by ionized impurity mediated recombination. Deduced activation energies E a associated with ionization are found to increase markedly from the room‐temperature tetragonal ( E a ≈ 20 meV) to the higher‐temperature cubic ( E a ≈ 200 meV) phase adopted above 310 K. Conversely, the bimolecular rate constant decreases with rising temperature as charge‐carrier mobility declines, while the Auger rate constant is highly phase specific, suggesting a strong dependence on electronic band structure. The charge‐carrier diffusion length gradually decreases with rising temperature from about 3 μm at −93 °C to 1.2 μm at 67 °C but remains well above the optical absorption depth in the visible spectrum. These results demonstrate that there are no fundamental obstacles to the operation of cells based on CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 under typical field conditions.