gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data cache prefetching design space exploration for BlueGene/L supercomputer (2006)

Scientific applications exhibit good spatial and temporal data memory access locality. It is possible to hide memory latency for the level 3 cache, and reduce contention between multiple cores sharing a single level 3 cache, by using a prefetch cache to identify data streams which can be profitably prefetched, and decouple the cache line size mismatch between L3 cache and the level 1 data cache. In this work, a design space exploration is presented, which helped shape the design of the BlueGene/L supercomputer memory sub-system. The prefetch cache consists of a small number of 128 line buffers that speculatively prefetches data from the L3 cache, since applications present some sequential access pattern, this prefetching scheme increases the likelihood that a request from the level 1 data cache was present in the prefetch cache. Since most compute intensive applications contain a small number of data streams, it is sufficient for the prefetch cache to have small number of line buffers to track and detect the data streams. This paper focuses on the evaluation of stream detection mechanisms and the influence of varying the replacement policies for stream prefetch caches.
Evaluation of Floral Cuts on Eriophyid Mite Retention on Knock Out and Multiflora Rose Cuttings (2019)

Current eriophyid mite quantification techniques require transportation of the Rosa spp. cuttings to the laboratory. It is thought that the change in xylem hydraulic conductance within the cut cane could trigger the mites to abandon their host, owing to the changes to the microenvironments that these mites are inhabiting. An experiment was conducted to determine the necessity of floral cuts (reducing stem embolisms by an additional cut underwater) for the retention of eriophyid mites during transit. Four groups of plants (rose rosette virus (RRV)-free Knock Out roses, RRV-infected Knock Out roses, RRV-free multiflora roses, and RRV-infected multiflora roses) were evaluated at different time intervals (0.5, 2, 4, 8, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h postharvest) to assess mite populations on each plant (number of mites per gram of tissue). Cut type (floral or dry cut) and rose species were found not to have a significant effect on the number of mites per gram of tissue found, indicating that floral cuts are not needed for accurately estimating eriophyid mite populations. Rose cuttings infected with RRV were found to have an average of 46 times more mites per gram in comparison with RRV-free cuttings.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Identification and Characterization of NVP-BKM120, an Orally Available Pan-Class I PI3-Kinase Inhibitor (2023)

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The Hsp32 Inhibitors SMA-ZnPP and PEG-ZnPP Exert Major Growth-Inhibitory Effects on D34+/CD38+ and CD34+/CD38- AML Progenitor Cells (2012)

Heat shock protein 32 (Hsp32), also known as heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), has recently been identified as a potential target in various hematologic malignancies. We provide evidence that Hsp32 is constitutively expressed in primary leukemic cells in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and in various AML cell lines (HL60, U937, KG1). Expression of Hsp32 mRNA was demonstrable by qPCR, and expression of the Hsp32 protein by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The stem cell-enriched CD34+/CD38+ and CD34+/CD38- fractions of AML cells were found to express Hsp32 mRNA in excess over normal CD34+ progenitor cells. Two Hsp32-targeting drugs, pegylated zinc-protoporphyrin (PEG-ZnPP) and styrene-maleic-acid-copolymer-micelle-encapsulated ZnPP (SMAZnPP), were found to inhibit cytokine-dependent and spontaneous proliferation in all 3 AML cell lines as well as in primary AML cells. Growth inhibitory effects of SMA-ZnPP and PEG-ZnPP were dose-dependent with IC50 values ranging between 1 and 20 μM, and were accompanied by apoptosis as evidenced by light- and electron microscopy, Tunel assay, and caspase-3 activation. Finally, we were able to demonstrate that SMA-ZnPP inhibits cytokine-dependent proliferation of CD34+/CD38+ and CD34+/CD38- AML progenitor cells in vitro in all patients as well as leukemiainitiation of AML stem cells in NOD-SCID IL-2Rγ(-/-) (NSG) mice in vivo. Together, our data suggest that Hsp32 plays an important role as a survival factor in leukemic stem cells and as a potential new target in AML.
Gas and Liquid Separations Using Membranes: An Overview (2004)

An overview of several aspects of materials science associated with gas and liquid separation membranes is presented. Gas separation materials are divided into three categories depending on whether solubility selectivity, diffusivity selectivity or possibly either dominates the overall selectivity. Examples of separations in each of these categories and potential opportunities for future materials science research in these areas are discussed. Recent developments for more-fouling-resistant membranes for liquid separations are presented. Nonporous thin-film composite ultrafiltration membranes and surface-modified interfacial composite reverse osmosis membranes exhibit significantly improved anti-fouling properties compared to conventional porous UF and RO membranes.
Joint Sparsity and Total Variation Based Unmixing of Mixed Noise (2021)

Abstract Hyperspectral unmixing is the procedure by which the end component elements are calculated and their fractional abundances are found in each pixel in hyperspectral images. Sometimes several types of sound harm a hyperspectral photo. In a general scenario that takes mixed noise into consideration, this study addresses the hyperspectral non-mixing problem. Gaussian and sparse noises are expressly taken into account in the unmixing model. The problem of unmixing was formulated to use the combined shortage of abundance maps. For the modelling of flatness diagrams, a complete variation-based regularisation has also been used. For the solution of an algorithm for the optimization problem, the split-Bregman technique was used. The advantages of the method proposed are revealed by detailed preliminary findings on both real and synthetic images.
Utility of parametrectomy for early stage cervical cancer treated with radical hysterectomy (2007)

Parametrial spread is a strong predictor of recurrence and decreased survival. Parametrial invasion is rare in patients with small tumors, no LVSI, and negative pelvic nodes (no poor prognostic factors). Further study is warranted to determine the feasibility of omitting parametrectomy in these low-risk patients.
Micromolding of Thermoplastic Polymers for Direct Fabrication of Discrete, Multilayered Microparticles (Small Methods 9/2022) (2022)

Inside Back Cover In article number 2200232, Jaklenec, and co-workers break the mold. Direct fabrication of shape-specific, discrete, and 3D microstructures is reported from any thermoplastic polymers irrespective of their chemical structures or molecular weights using a newly designed, highly non-wetting template. This exceptional surface property emanates from preferential orientation of pendant, highly fluorinated side groups of the new polymer to the surface, making it non-wetting to any organic materials.
Low temperature growth of SWNTs on a nickel catalyst by thermal chemical vapor deposition (2010)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been grown on a silica-supported monometallic nickel (Ni) catalyst at temperatures ranging from as low as 450 °C to 800 °C. Different spectroscopic techniques, such as Raman, photoluminescence emission (PLE), and ultra violet-visible-near infrared (UV-vis-NIR) absorption spectroscopy were used to evaluate the diameter and quality of the SWNTs grown over the Ni catalyst at different temperatures. The analysis revealed that high quality SWNTs with a very narrow diameter distribution were obtained at a growth temperature of 500 °C. In the PLE and absorption spectra, differences were observed between the SWNTs grown on Ni and those grown on cobalt (Co). This result expands the potential of growing a specific (n, m) tube species with relatively high abundance by tuning the catalyst composition. Furthermore, the prerequisites for the low temperature growth of SWNTs over a monometallic transition metal catalyst have been elucidated.
In‐phase zero TE musculoskeletal imaging (2019)

The ipZTE method can be used as an averaging mechanism to eliminate fat-water chemical shift artifacts and improve SNR. The method is expected to improve ZTE-based musculoskeletal imaging and pseudo CT conversion as required for PET/MR attenuation correction and MR-guided radiation therapy planning.
Highly Selective, Amine-Derived Cannabinoid Receptor 2 Probes (2019)

The endocannabinoid (eCB) system is implied in various human diseases ranging from central nervous system to autoimmune disorders. Cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;R) is an integral component of the eCB system. Yet, the downstream effects elicited by this G protein-coupled receptor upon binding of endogenous or synthetic ligands are insufficiently understood—likely due to the limited arsenal of reliable biological and chemical tools. Herein, we report the design and synthesis of CB&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;R-selective cannabinoids along with their &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; pharmacological characterization (binding and functional studies). They combine structural features of HU-308 and AM841 to give chimeric ligands that emerge as potent CB&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;R agonists with high selectivity over the closely related cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;R). The synthesis work includes convenient preparation of substituted resorcinols often found in cannabinoids. The utility of the synthetic cannabinoids in this study is showcased by preparation of the most selective high-affinity fluorescent probe for CB&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;R to date.
Abstract B48: Identification of novel drug interactions with MYC via a quantitative chemical-genetic interaction map (2015)

Abstract There is an urgent need in oncology to link molecular aberrations in tumors with therapeutics that can be administered in a personalized fashion. One approach identifies synthetic-lethal genetic interactions or emergent dependencies that cancer cells acquire in the presence of specific mutations. Using engineered isogenic cells, we generated an unbiased and quantitative chemical-genetic interaction map that measures the influence of 51 aberrant cancer genes on 90 drug responses. The dataset strongly predicts drug responses found in cancer cell line collections, indicating that isogenic cells can model more complex cellular contexts. Applied to triple-negative breast cancer, we report clinically actionable interactions with the MYC oncogene including resistance to AKT/PI3K pathway inhibitors and an unexpected sensitivity to dasatinib through LYN inhibition in a synthetic-lethal manner, providing new drug and biomarker pairs for clinical investigation. This scalable approach enables the prediction of drug responses from patient data and can be used to accelerate the development of new genotype-directed therapies. Citation Format: Alicia Y. Zhou, Maria M. Martins, Alexandra Corella, Dai Horiuchi, Christina Yau, Taha Rakshandehroo, John D. Gordan, Rebecca S. Levin, Jeff Johnson, John Jascur, Mike Shales, Antonio Sorrentino, Jaime Cheah, Paul A. Clemons, Alykhan Shamji, Stuart L. Schreiber, Nevan J. Krogan, Kevan M. Shokat, Frank McCormick, Andrei Goga, Sourav Bandyopadhyay. Identification of novel drug interactions with MYC via a quantitative chemical-genetic interaction map. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
Ammonia Storage and Delivery Systems for Automotive NOx Aftertreatment (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It is well-known that ammonia is the active molecule for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx in diesel exhaust. However, the use of liquid ammonia for on-board storage in a pressure vessel has been excluded due to safety issues. The industry has thus far chosen urea dissolved in distilled water (AdBlue®) for storage in order to overcome the safety issues, but critical challenges must be overcome for efficient vehicle integration when indirect ammonia storage in the form of urea is applied. These challenges are related to the handling of the liquid in the tank as well as the conversion of urea to ammonia and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; inside the exhaust line.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents a technology for safe, on-board ammonia storage. It is a technology that enables direct ammonia dosing for NOx abatement using a simple, high-density storage and delivery system.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The storage concept, which is based on metal ammine complexes, will be presented along with system design and performance data. The implications for vehicle integration are discussed, and a comparison is made with urea-based systems.&lt;/div&gt;
The structure of molten alkali carbonates studied by neutron diffraction andab initiocalculations (1998)

The total structure factors, S(Q), of pure molten and an equimolar mixture with , , were measured by neutron diffraction at 1013 K and 923 K, respectively. The results are generally consistent with the findings of previous MD simulations. The ion remains essentially unperturbed in the mixture. The real-space pair correlation functions are consistent with a close-packed, regular, planar, trigonal geometry for the ion in both and . There is some indication, also consistent with the findings of MD simulation, of a possible tightening of the local coordination of ions around in the presence of the larger, more weakly polarizing cation. Modelling the S(Q) data using structure factors calculated from monomer and dimer structures derived from ab initio quantum chemical calculations suggests that larger clusters are needed to realistically describe the melt local structure.
Ferroelectric Enhanced Performance of a GeSn/Ge Dual-Nanowire Photodetector (2020)

GeSn offers a reduced bandgap than Ge and has been utilized in Si-based infrared photodetectors with an extended cutoff wavelength. However, the traditional GeSn/Ge heterostructure usually consists of defects like misfit dislocations due to the lattice mismatch issue. The defects with the large feature size of a photodetector fabricated on bulk GeSn/Ge heterostructures induce a considerable dark current. Here, we demonstrate a flexible GeSn/Ge dual-nanowire (NW) structure, in which the strain relaxation is achieved by the elastic deformation without introducing defects, and the feature dimension is naturally at the nanoscale. A photodetector with a low dark current can be built on a GeSn/Ge dual-NW, which exhibits an extended detection wavelength beyond 2 μm and enhanced responsivity compared to the Ge NW. Moreover, the dark current can be further suppressed by the depletion effect from the ferroelectric polymer side gate. Our work suggests the flexible GeSn/Ge dual-NW may open an avenue for Si-compatible optoelectronic circuits operating in the short-wavelength infrared range.
Akt Down-regulation of p38 Signaling Provides a Novel Mechanism of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-mediated Cytoprotection in Endothelial Cells (2001)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) utilizes a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase)/Akt signaling pathway to protect endothelial cells from apoptotic death. Here we show that PI 3-kinase/Akt signaling promotes endothelial cell survival by inhibiting p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent apoptosis. Blockade of the PI 3-kinase or Akt pathways in conjunction with serum withdrawal stimulates p38-dependent apoptosis. Blockade of PI 3-kinase/Akt also led to enhanced VEGF activation of p38 and apoptosis. In this context, the pro-apoptotic effect of VEGF is attenuated by the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580. VEGF stimulation of endothelial cells or infection with an adenovirus expressing constitutively active Akt causes MEKK3 phosphorylation, which is associated with decreased MEKK3 kinase activity and down-regulation of MKK3/6 and p38 MAPK activation. Conversely, activation-deficient Akt decreases VEGF-stimulated MEKK3 phosphorylation and increases MKK/p38 activation. Activation of MKK3/6 is not dependent on Rac activation since dominant negative Rac does not decrease p38 activation triggered by inhibition of PI 3-kinase. Thus, cross-talk between the Akt and p38 MAPK pathways may regulate the level of cytoprotection versus apoptosis and is a new mechanism to explain the cytoprotective actions of Akt.
The dependence of the isotacticity of polypropylene on polymerization conditions (1968)

Abstract To clarify the stereospecificity of Natta‐type catalysts, the temperature dependence of the isotacticity of a polypropylene has been investigated by using H‐type or A‐type TiCl 3 with Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 or Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl in a study of the kinetic behavior of the polymerization under the conditions T = 30–75°C., P ≈︁ 1 atm., and [Al]/[Ti] = 1. With the use of Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 the isotacticity increases with a rise in polymerization temperature, and it approaches that of Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl, which is almost independent of the polymerization temperature. On the other hand, with the use of Al(C 2 H 5 ) 3 the number of the polymerization centers decreases with a rise in temperature, while that with Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl remains unchanged. To explain these results, two kinds of polymerization center have been proposed; one is stable at any temperature and produces a higher‐isotacticity polymer, and the other is stable at the higher temperatures and produces a lowerisotacticity polymer. Some solvent effect of the isotacticity has been observed with the use of A‐TiCl 3 . The isotacticity with A‐TiCl 3 decreases by several per cent when n ‐heptane is used instead of toluene. This solvent effect has been explained on the basis of the existence of a considerable amount of AlCl 3 in A‐TiCl 3 .
Time-Dependent Response of Carbon Nano-Structures (2019)

Summary form only given. The progress of nanotechnology has led to the development of nanometer scale devices such as nano-antennas, molecular junctions, and others. The calculation of such devices' electromagnetic response becomes a challenge as it requires the integration of the classical form of Maxwell's equations with the quantum equations governing the electronic structure. To that end, Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT) reliably predicts the optical and electronic properties of molecules in the presence of external fields. However, most TDDFT formalisms only account for the electrostatic scalar potential, ignoring the presence of induced magnetic fields, and the retardation effects which follow. Disregarding the vector potential leads to an incorrect characterization of electronic structures exceeding certain size-to-wavelength ratio, the wavelength being that of the external electromagnetic field. In this work, the inclusion of induced vector potentials in the time-dependent Kohn-Sham equation is explored in both the Coulomb and Lorentz gauges. Although the Coulomb gauge is the commonly adapted gauge-fixing condition in TDDFT, the Lorentz gauge is shown to be just as effective in characterizing the response of electronic structures, bypassing the need for a projection scheme of the current density, via Helmholtz decomposition. In both gauges, fully incorporating the scalar and vector potentials can be computationally costly due to the retardation effects. Specifically, direct evaluation of the retarded integrals with their intrinsic dependence on past densities creates a computational bottleneck. To overcome this difficulty, highly efficient FFT-based integral methods utilizing multilevel schemes are employed. Carbon systems reaching the nanometric regime are explored in both gauges and various properties, appearing as a consequence of the newly incorporated induced fields, are demonstrated.
Electrical Properties of p-Type Electronic Defects in the Protonic Conductor SrCe[sub 0.95]Eu[sub 0.05]O[sub 3−δ] (2003)

The electrical properties of were studied as a function of both oxygen partial pressure and water vapor partial pressure in the temperature range of 500-800°C, and the partial conductivities of protons, holes, and oxygen vacancies were calculated from the proposed defect model. P-type conduction was dominant in an oxidative atmosphere. It was shown that, in a wet atmosphere, is a mixed conductor of protons, holes, and oxygen ions. A conduction transition from protons to holes and/or oxygen ions was found as temperature increased. The calculated activation energy of oxygen ion transport was 0.67 eV; standard solution enthalpy of water dissolution was −164 kJ/mole, which is larger than that of The effect of dopants on the conduction mechanism is explained by a hopping mechanism. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Resolution in PET hypoxia imaging: Voxel size matters (2008)

We show that tumor areas that would be classified as non-hypoxic based on simple PET threshold identification, often contains foci of hypoxic cells, in particular in tumors where necrosis and severely hypoxic cells are intermixed. In contrast, in a non-necrotic tumor model we found that the risk of missing hypoxic cells was greatly reduced, however, its patchy hypoxic pattern made a clear delineation of a target to boost unfeasible. We discuss the implications of these and other complicating factors in PET hypoxia-imaging and outline future strategies to overcome or circumvent them.
Substrate topography shapes cell function (2009)

Influencing cell behavior from proliferation to differentiation using substrate or implant topography is an attractive strategy for regenerative medicine applications. Substrate topography at the submicron range is of particular interest because the size range is comparable to extracellular matrix structures. Emerging literature presents many interesting findings on how nanotopography enhances cell adhesion, alters cell morphology, affects proliferation, initiates intracellular signaling, provides contact guidance and mediates stem cell differentiation. Incorporating topographical consideration into the design of a biomimetic microenvironment for cell culture will become increasingly important in light of these studies and practical with advances in nanofabrication technologies. This Highlight underscores the promise of and the unknown information about topographical effects in manipulating cell-substrate interaction and advancing tissue engineering.
Particle manipulation using macroscale angled ultrasonic standing waves (2017)

A novel method of separating, sorting and differentiating various particles using macroscale bulk ultrasonic standing waves oriented at an angle γ relative to the fluid velocity is presented. This technique offers a sensitive separation capability with respect to size and acoustic contrast of particles. An analytical model for particle deflection is presented and universal curves are developed for all possible wave angles as a function of a non-dimensional parameter M, defined by the ratio of acoustic radiation force to viscous drag force. When M/sin(γ) is less than one, the particle deflection is less than the angle of the standing wave. The particle deflection angle and its rate of change increase with increasing M/sin(γ) and exhibits a nearly discontinuous behavior when M/sin(γ) approaches one. For all M/sin(γ) equal to or greater than one, the particle deflection angle equals the wave angle. Experimental and numerical results are presented to verify the analytical model and the universal curve for different M parameters.