gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gender-specific differences in return-to-spontaneous circulation and outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Results of sixteen-year-state-wide initiatives (2020)

State-wide initiatives can significantly increase the chances of survival in both male and female victims of OHCAs, by increasing the probability to receive CPR in a shorter time span.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Identification and Characterization of NVP-BKM120, an Orally Available Pan-Class I PI3-Kinase Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 215K&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis of Block Copolymers Based on Polyethylene by Thermally Induced Controlled Radical Polymerization Using Mn2(CO)10 (2015)

Iodo functionalized polyethylene (PE‐I), prepared by the addition of iodine after catalyzed poly­ethylene chain growth on magnesium, is demonstrated to be an efficient macroinitiator for thermally induced, controlled free radical polymerization using dimanganese decacarbonyl (Mn 2 (CO) 10 ). The free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate is initiated by thermal homolysis of (Mn 2 (CO) 10 ) at 80 °C, forming reactive manganese pentacarbonyl radical species [•Mn(CO) 5 ] capable of activating the C−I bond of PE‐I. The metal catalyzed radical generation and degenerative iodine processes yielded polyethylene‐ b ‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PE‐ b ‐PMMA) block copolymers with relatively low dispersities. The end group functionality of the block copolymer is confirmed by the successful thermal polymerization of styrene by using PE‐ b ‐PMMA as a macro­initiator in the described process. This work conclusively provides a new approach for combining polyethylene with vinyl polymers via manganese chemistry in a simple and efficient pathway of importance in synthetic polymer chemistry and other related applications. image
Sodium 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic Acid Polymers as Agents for Controlling Mist in Aqueous Fluids (2000)

This chapter will focus upon the use of polymers as mist suppressants and on the development of tests which can measure mist suppression. Based upon these results, these polymers were added to metalworking fluids and tested in industrial machining operations for their effectiveness as mist suppression agents.
Abstract 15897: Superior Efficacy of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation Over Antiarrhythmic Drug Therapy for Maintaining Sinus Rhythm: Meta-Analysis of 12 Randomized Controlled Trials with 1694 Patients (2012)

Introduction: There is debate regarding the ideal rhythm-control strategy for maintaining sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We report a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing catheter ablation with antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with AF. Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for RCTs comparing catheter ablation vs. ADT for AF. Random-effects models were used to estimate the primary outcome of atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT) recurrence and secondary outcomes of major adverse events and death during follow-up. Results: A total of 12 RCTs (1694 patients) were included. Catheter ablation was associated with lower risk of AT recurrence as compared to ADT (26.5% vs. 69.1%, pooled risk ratio 0.36, 95% CI 0.28-0.47, p Conclusions: Catheter ablation is safer and more efficacious than ADT to maintain sinus rhythm and therefore should be the preferred treatment strategy for rhythm-control in selected patients with symptomatic AF. Figure 1: Meta-analysis of catheter ablation vs. antiarrhythmic drug therapy (ADT) for atrial fibrillation - relative risk of atrial tachyarrhythmia recurrence during follow-up.
Stromal and Epithelial Expression of Tumor Markers Hyaluronic Acid and HYAL1 Hyaluronidase in Prostate Cancer (2001)

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a glycosaminoglycan, regulates cell adhesion and migration. Hyaluronidase (HAase), an endoglycosidase, degrades HA into small angiogenic fragments. Using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-like assay, we found increased HA levels (3-8-fold) in prostate cancer (CaP) tissues when compared with normal (NAP) and benign (BPH) tissues. The majority ( approximately 75-80%) of HA in prostate tissues was found to exist in the free form. Primary CaP fibroblast and epithelial cells secreted 3-8-fold more HA than respective NAP and BPH cultures. Only CaP epithelial cells and established CaP lines secreted HAase and the secretion increased with tumor grade and metastasis. The pH activity profile and optimum (4.2; range 4.0-4.3) of CaP HAase was identical to the HYAL1-type HAase present in human serum and urine. Full-length HYAL1 transcript and splice variants were detected in CaP cells by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, cloning, and sequencing. Immunoblotting confirmed secretion of a approximately 60-kDa HYAL1-related protein by CaP cells. Immunohistochemistry showed minimal HA and HYAL1 staining in NAP and BPH tissues. However, a stromal and epithelial pattern of HA and HYAL1 expression was observed in CaP tissues. While high HA staining was observed in tumor-associated stroma, HYAL1 staining in tumor cells increased with tumor grade and metastasis. The gel-filtration column profiles of HA species in NAP, BPH, and CaP tissues were different. While the higher molecular mass and intermediate size HA was found in all tissues, the HA fragments were found only in CaP tissues. In particular, the high-grade CaP tissues, which showed both elevated HA and HYAL1 levels, contained angiogenic HA fragments. The stromal-epithelial HA and HYAL1 expression may promote angiogenesis in CaP and may serve as prognostic markers for CaP.
Individual effect of the steps preceding slaughtering on Salmonella contamination of pigs (2003)

The influence of the different steps preceding pig slaughtering (waiting in the herd, transport and lairage) was studied regarding deep (organs) and surface (carcass) Salmonella contamination, by mixing SPF with contaminated pigs at the different steps. For a lairage of 2 hours and a transport of 1 hour, the caecal contamination concerned the conventional pigs and the long time mixed groups (more than lairage time). The isolated strains were from herd origin according to serotyping. After the slaughtering process, it was not possible to differentiate carcasses contamination rate for the conventional batch from those of the control group pigs (transport and lairage in Salmonella-free conditions). This study showed that without efficient control measures during slaughtering, implementation of control measures in the herd would be inefficient regarding carcass contamination rate.
Incidence, Temporal Trends, and Associated Outcomes of Vascular and Bleeding Complications in Patients Undergoing Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (2020)

In patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement in the US, vascular complications and in-hospital bleeding events were common, but rates have declined over time with significant variation in complication rates across hospital sites. Vascular and bleeding complications are both associated with worse short- and long-term clinical outcomes including all-cause mortality. Further innovation to reduce sheath sizes and optimize antithrombotic therapy is necessary to reduce the incidence of these detrimental complications.
Public Access to Scientific Research Findings and Principles of Biomedical Research—A New Policy for the JAMA Network (2022)

Timely access to scientific research findings for the broadest possible audience is a principle on which sound science is based. Access to new findings helps other scientists adjust their hypotheses and open new lines of inquiry, thereby supporting and accelerating further discovery and innovation. For those who rely on newly generated evidence to develop policies and define practices that improve medicine and public health, rapid and equitable access is critical. The principle of broad access is a cornerstone of transparency, reinforces rigor and reproducibility, and ultimately, is critical to all stakeholders' trust in science.
Knee Fusion With External Fixation (2012)

External fixation for knee arthrodesis has some advantages over internal fixation and intramedullary nailing. It can be used in actively septic knees, it allows control of compression and alignment after surgery, and it has the theoretic advantage of not leaving any retained hardware after fusion. E
Multicamera 3D Reconstruction of Dynamic Surgical Cavities: Non-Rigid Registration and Point Classification (2019)

Deformable objects and surfaces are ubiquitous in the daily lives of humans - from the garments in fashion to soft tissues within the body. Because of this routine interaction with soft materials, humans are adept and trained in manipulation of deformable objects while avoiding irreversible damage. The dexterity and care involved is largely facilitated through a combination of the human haptic sense of touch and visual observations of object deformation [1]. While this scenario presents itself as a trivially intuitive task, it becomes significantly more difficult and complex with the deprivation of both 3D depth perception and haptic senses. This deprived state is not dissimilar to the scenarios encountered in many robot-assisted minimally invasive surgeries. As a result, unintentional tissue damage can occur due to lack of force feedback and fine 3D visibility [2]. One approach to remediate these issues combines real-time dynamic 3D reconstruction and vision-based force estimation for haptic feedback. Toward that end, this work continues research in a series of studies focusing on multicamera 3D reconstruction of dynamic surgical cavities. Previous work introduced a novel approach of camera grouping and pair sequencing [3]. This paper builds upon that work by introducing a method for non-rigid, sparse point cloud registration and subsequent point classification. In particular, to enable deformation and force analyses, surfaces are locally classified into three categories: static, shifting and deforming. The topics addressed in this paper present open challenges and ongoing research directions for researchers to this day [4], and provide a step towards real-time 3D reconstruction and force feedback in robot-assisted surgery.
Optimal Simulation of Muscle Force at Human Upper Limb (2000)

This paper describes a method of numerical analysis of muscle force in a human upper limb during flexion of the forearm joint. Muscles were modeled by a straight line from the origin to the insertion. The optimization method of sequential quadratic programming was applied to this analysis. Restrictions in the object function of the optimization method were selected toexpress the muscle properties acting only in the direction of the contraction. Therefore, the synergist and the antagonist could be separated analytically. Moreover, the distribution of muscle force in the wide area of the muscles-bone adhesion depends on elbow joint angle. Therefore, the muscle-bone adhesive point was also determined to minimize the objective function. The effectiveness on this analysis were confirmed by experiments using electromyography.
In vivo evaluation of 5-[(18)F]fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine as tracer for positron emission tomography in a murine pancreatic cancer model. (2001)

We used a murine tumor progression model for the evaluation of potential proliferation markers using positron emission tomography (PET). 5-[(18)F]-2'-deoxyuridine ([(18)F]FdUrd) was synthesized with >98% radiochemical purity and investigated in a pancreatic cancer model, transforming growth factor alpha transgenic mice crossbred to p53 deficient mice. Thymidylate synthase was increased already in premalignant lesions, whereas thymidine kinase 1 mRNA levels were up-regulated 4-fold in the pancreatic cancer specimen of these mice. PET imaging was performed after injection of 1 MBq of [(18)F]FdUrd and 1 MBq of [(18)F]fluoro-deoxyglucose. Animals with pancreatic cancer displayed focal uptake of both tracers. The [(18)F]FdUrd uptake ratio closely correlated with the proliferation index as evaluated in morphometric and fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis. These results indicate the potential of our tumor model for the evaluation of PET tracers and suggest [(18)F]FdUrd as a tracer for the assessment of proliferation in vivo.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of 1,1‐Difluoro‐2‐substituted‐1,3‐dienes and Dienynes from gem‐Difluorohomoallenyl Bromide via Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Speaker Diarization Using Two-Pass Leave-One-Out Gaussian PLDA Clustering of DNN Embeddings (2021)

Many modern systems for speaker diarization, such as the recently-developed VBx approach, rely on clustering of DNN speaker embeddings followed by resegmentation.Two problems with this approach are that the DNN is not directly optimized for this task, and the parameters need significant retuning for different applications.We have recently presented progress in this direction with a Leave-One-Out Gaussian PLDA (LGP) clustering algorithm and an approach to training the DNN such that embeddings directly optimize performance of this scoring method.This paper presents a new two-pass version of this system, where the second pass uses finer time resolution to significantly improve overall performance.For the Callhome corpus, we achieve the first published error rate below 4% without any task-dependent parameter tuning.We also show significant progress towards a robust single solution for multiple diarization tasks.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies Directed Towards the Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Ilexlactone via a Tandem Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis Protocol (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Repair of critical-size porcine craniofacial bone defects using a collagen-polycaprolactone composite biomaterial (2021)

ABSTRACT Regenerative medicine approaches for massive craniomaxillofacial bone defects face challenges associated with the scale of missing bone, the need for rapid graft-defect integration, and challenges related to inflammation and infection. Mineralized collagen scaffolds have been shown to promote mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis due to their porous nature and material properties, but are mechanically weak, limiting surgical practicality. Previously, these scaffolds were combined with 3D-printed polycaprolactone mesh to form a scaffold-mesh composite to increase strength and promote bone formation in sub-critical sized porcine ramus defects. Here, we compare the performance of mineralized collagen-polycaprolactone composites to the polycaprolactone mesh in a critical-sized porcine ramus defect model. While there were no differences in overall healing response between groups, our data demonstrated broadly variable metrics of healing regarding new bone infiltration and fibrous tissue formation. Abscesses were present surrounding some implants and polycaprolactone polymer was still present after 9-10 months of implantation. Overall, while there was limited successful healing, with 2 of 22 implants showed substantial levels of bone regeneration, and others demonstrating some form of new bone formation, the results suggest targeted improvements to improve repair of large animal models to more accurately represent craniomaxillofacial bone healing. Notably, strategies to increase osteogenesis throughout the implant, modulate the immune system to support repair, and employ shape-fitting tactics to avoid implant micromotion and resultant fibrosis. Improvements to the mineralized collagen scaffolds involve changes in pore size and shape to increase cell migration and osteogenesis and inclusion or delivery of factors to aid vascular ingrowth and bone regeneration.
Applying sputtering theory to directional atomic layer etching (2017)

Plasma assisted atomic layer etching (ALE) has recently been introduced into manufacturing of 10 nm logic devices. This implementation of ALE is called directional ALE because ions transfer momentum to the etching surface during the removal step. Plasma assisted directional ALE can be described as sputtering of a thin modified layer on the surface of the unmodified material. In this paper, the authors introduce a collision cascade based Monte Carlo model based on sputtering theory which has evolved for over 50 years [P. Sigmund, Thin Solid Films 520, 6031 (2012)]. To test the validity of this approach, calculated near threshold argon ion sputtering yields of silicon and chlorinated silicon are compared to published experimental data. The calculated ALE curve for Cl2/Ar ALE of tantalum is in good agreement with the experiment. The model was used to predict the presence of salient sputtering effects such as ion mass and impact angle dependence, as well as redeposition in directional ALE. Finally, the authors investigate time dependence of the synergy parameter for ion energies above the sputtering threshold of tantalum for Cl2/Ar ALE. The calculations show that close to 100% synergy can be obtained for short periods of time which opens a path to accelerate directional ALE. Very precise control of all process parameters as a function of time is prerequisite to realize this process space.
Polymorphism of Poly(di-n-pentylsilane) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymorphism of Poly(di-n-pentylsilane)E. K. Karikari, B. L. Farmer, C. L. Hoffmann, and J. F. RaboltCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 24, 7185–7191Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00102a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00102a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Observation of Topological Phase Transitions in Photonic Quasicrystals (2012)

Topological insulators and topological superconductors are distinguished by their bulk phase transitions and gapless states at a sharp boundary with the vacuum. Quasicrystals have recently been found to be topologically nontrivial. In quasicrystals, the bulk phase transitions occur in the same manner as standard topological materials, but their boundary phenomena are more subtle. In this Letter we directly observe bulk phase transitions, using photonic quasicrystals, by constructing a smooth boundary between topologically distinct one-dimensional quasicrystals. Moreover, we use the same method to experimentally confirm the topological equivalence between the Harper and Fibonacci quasicrystals.
Scheduling of Wireless Edge Networks for Feedback-Based Interactive Applications (2021)

Interactive applications with automated feedback will largely influence the design of future networked infrastructures. In such applications, status information about an environment of interest is captured and forwarded to a compute node, which analyzes the information and generates a feedback message. Timely processing and forwarding must ensure the feedback information to be still applicable; thus, the quality-of-service parameter for such applications is the end-to-end latency over the entire loop. By modelling the communication of a feedback loop as a two-hop network, we address the problem of allocating network resources in order to minimize the delay violation probability (DVP), i.e. the probability of the end-to-end latency exceeding a target value. We investigate the influence of the network queue states along the network path on the performance of semi-static and dynamic scheduling policies. The former determine the schedule prior to the transmission of the packet, while the latter benefit from feedback on the queue states as time evolves and reallocate time slots depending on the queue's evolution. The performance of the proposed policies is evaluated for variations in several system parameters and comparison baselines. Results show that the proposed semi-static policy achieves close-to-optimal DVP and the dynamic policy outperforms the state-of-the-art algorithms.
Counting of enzymatically amplified affinity reactions in hydrogel particle-templated drops (2021)

Counting of numerous compartmentalized enzymatic reactions underlies quantitative and high sensitivity immunodiagnostic assays. However, digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) require specialized instruments which have slowed adoption in research and clinical labs. We present a lab-on-a-particle solution to digital counting of thousands of single enzymatic reactions. Hydrogel particles are used to bind enzymes and template the formation of droplets that compartmentalize reactions with simple pipetting steps. These hydrogel particles can be made at a high throughput, stored, and used during the assay to create ∼500 000 compartments within 2 minutes. These particles can also be dried and rehydrated with sample, amplifying the sensitivity of the assay by driving affinity interactions on the hydrogel surface. We demonstrate digital counting of β-galactosidase enzyme at a femtomolar detection limit with a dynamic range of 3 orders of magnitude using standard benchtop equipment and experiment techniques. This approach can faciliate the development of digital ELISAs with reduced need for specialized microfluidic devices, instruments, or imaging systems.
Simultaneous measurements of small angle x-ray scattering, wide angle x-ray scattering, and dielectric spectroscopy during crystallization of polymers (2000)

A novel experimental setup is described which allows one to obtain detailed information on structural and dynamical changes in polymers during crystallization. This technique includes simultaneous measurements of small angle-wide angle x-ray scattering and dielectric spectroscopy (SWD). The capabilities of the technique have been probed by following in real time the crystallization process of a model crystallizable polymer: poly(ethylene terephthalate). By performing these experiments, simultaneous information from both, the amorphous and the crystalline phase is obtained providing a complete description of changes occurring during a crystallization process. The SWD technique opens up new promising perspectives for the experimental study of the relation between structure and dynamics in materials science.