gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiative transfer of acoustic waves in continuous complex media: Beyond the Helmholtz equation (2016)

Heterogeneity can be accounted for by a random potential in the wave equation. For acoustic waves in a fluid with fluctuations of both density and compressibility (as well as for electromagnetic waves in a medium with fluctuation of both permittivity and permeability) the random potential entails a scalar and an operator contribution. For simplicity, the latter is usually overlooked in multiple scattering theory: whatever the type of waves, this simplification amounts to considering the Helmholtz equation with a sound speed c depending on position r. In this work, a radiative transfer equation is derived from the wave equation, in order to study energy transport through a multiple scattering medium. In particular, the influence of the operator term on various transport parameters is studied, based on the diagrammatic approach of multiple scattering. Analytical results are obtained for fundamental quantities of transport theory such as the transport mean-free path ℓ^{*}, scattering phase function f, and anisotropy factor g. Discarding the operator term in the wave equation is shown to have a significant impact on f and g, yet limited to the low-frequency regime, i.e., when the correlation length of the disorder ℓ_{c} is smaller than or comparable to the wavelength λ. More surprisingly, discarding the operator part has a significant impact on the transport mean-free path ℓ^{*} whatever the frequency regime. When the scalar and operator terms have identical amplitudes, the discrepancy on the transport mean-free path is around 300% in the low-frequency regime, and still above 30% for ℓ_{c}/λ=10^{3} no matter how weak fluctuations of the disorder are. Analytical results are supported by numerical simulations of the wave equation and Monte Carlo simulations.
GAD Antibody Negative NIDDM in Adult Black Subjects with Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Increased Frequency of Human Leukocyte Antigen DR3 and DR4: Flatbush Diabetes (1994)

The objective of this study is to understand the metabolic and immunologic basis of diabetes in adult blacks with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Twenty-one black adults presenting with DKA ([mean +/- SD] blood pH = 7.18 +/- 0.09, plasma glucose = 693 +/- 208 mg/dl, and positive serum ketones) had a subsequent clinical course of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) DR and DQ and antibodies to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) and islet cell cytoplasmic proteins (ICP) were measured to assess autoimmunity. Insulin action was evaluated by the euglycemic insulin clamp, and insulin secretion was measured by C-peptide responses to oral glucose. Ketoacidosis was treated with insulin. Two subjects had a precipitating illness; four had a history of NIDDM. At the time of study, subjects' glycemic control was good (HbA1c = 5.7 +/- 1.6%). Nine subjects were treated with insulin, and 12 were on either sulfonylurea treatment or diet alone. Men (n = 12) were younger than women (n = 9) (40.8 +/- 9.8 and 51.1 +/- 6.3 years of age, respectively, P < 0.05) but similar in body mass index (27.8 +/- 2.7 and 29.98 +/- 4.1 kg/m2, respectively). Antibodies to GAD and ICP were absent. All but one subject was insulin resistant compared with normal subjects (glucose disposal 3.56 +/- 0.04 vs. 6.86 +/- 0.02 mg.kg-1.min-1), and insulin secretion was lower. HLA DR3 and DR4 frequency was higher than in nondiabetic black control subjects (65 vs. 30%, P < 0.012).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Image-based rendering for teleconference systems (2002)

To obtain an image-based immersive presence in a virtual world, two important factors should be considered: system configuration and multiview representation. We present two non-adversary system configurations. The first is the well-known convergent wide-baseline set-up while the second is a unique proposal under investigation at our institute, which is based around a parallel multiple narrow-baseline camera set-up. In the domain of multiview representation we introduce two non-conflicting representations that can be implemented independent of the chosen system configuration, dependent on whether compression or scalability is important to the overall system. We then discuss our implementation of an image-based rendering system for an immersive teleconferencing application where three conferees meet around a shared virtual table. The system uses a wide-baseline configuration with two stereo camera pairs capturing the reference images. The system is designed to deal with hand gestures as well as the synthesis of areas occluded in one or more of the reference images but required in the derived view. We introduce the notion of a confidence map designed to indicate, for the derived image, which reference image should provide the required texture and disparity information for a surface.
Metal–Organic Framework Encapsulation for Biospecimen Preservation (2018)

Handling, transport, and storage of biospecimens such as blood and urine without refrigeration are extremely challenging. This formidable challenge leads to an inevitable reliance on a “cold chain” for shipping, handling, and storage of biospecimens throughout the world. The cold chain requirement precludes biospecimen procurement from underserved populations and resource-limited settings where refrigeration and electricity are not reliable or even available. Here, we introduce a universal biospecimen preservation approach based on nanoporous material encapsulation for preserving protein biomarkers in biofluids under normal (nonrefrigerated) storage conditions. Using urinary NGAL and serum/plasma CA-125 as the model protein biomarkers, we demonstrate that zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), a nanoporous material, encapsulation can preserve protein biomarkers in urine, serum, plasma, and blood at room temperature and 40 °C, with comparable preservation efficacy to the refrigeration method (freezing liquid samples at −20 °C). The protein biomarkers in the relevant biofluids are first encapsulated within the nanoporous crystals (i.e., ZIF-8) and then dried on paper substrates via a dry spot sample collection method, which would greatly improve biospecimen collection and handling capability in resource-limited settings. Overall, this energy-efficient and environmentally friendly approach will not only alleviate huge financial and environmental burden associated with “cold chain” facilities, but also extend biomedical research benefits to underserved populations by acquiring reliable clinical samples from regions/populations currently inaccessible.
Aged Brains Express Less Melanocortin Receptors, Which Correlates with Age-Related Decline of Cognitive Functions (2021)

Brain G-protein coupled receptors have been hypothesized to be potential targets for maintaining or restoring cognitive function in normal aged individuals or in patients with neurodegenerative disease. A number of recent reports suggest that activation of melanocortin receptors (MCRs) in the brain can significantly improve cognitive functions of normal rodents and of different rodent models of the Alzheimer's disease. However, the potential impact of normative aging on the expression of MCRs and their potential roles for modulating cognitive function remains to be elucidated. In the present study, we first investigated the expression of these receptors in six different brain regions of young (6 months) and aged (23 months) rats following assessment of their cognitive status. Correlation analysis was further performed to reveal potential contributions of MCR subtypes to spatial learning and memory. Our results revealed statistically significant correlations between the expression of several MCR subtypes in the frontal cortex/hypothalamus and the hippocampus regions and the rats' performance in spatial learning and memory only in the aged rats. These findings support the hypothesis that aging has a direct impact on the expression and function of MCRs, establishing MCRs as potential drug targets to alleviate aging-induced decline of cognitive function.
Inhibition of retinoic acid receptor-mediated signalling alters positional identity in the developing hindbrain (1998)

Retinoids regulate gene expression via nuclear retinoic acid receptors, the RARs and RXRs. To investigate the functions of retinoid receptors during early neural development, we expressed a dominant negative RARbeta in early Xenopus embryos. We obtained evidence that dominant negative RARbeta specifically inhibits RAR/RXR heterodimer-mediated, but not RXR homodimer-mediated, transactivation. Both all-trans- and 9-cis-RA-induced teratogenesis were, however, efficiently opposed by ectopic expression of dominant negative RARbeta, indicating that only RAR/RXR transactivation is required for retinoid teratogenesis by each of these ligands. Experiments with two RXR-selective ligands confirmed that activation of RXR homodimers does not cause retinoid teratogenesis. Dominant negative RARbeta thus specifically interferes with the retinoid signalling pathway that is responsible for retinoid teratogenesis. Dominant negative RARbeta-expressing embryos had a specific developmental phenotype leading to disorganization of the hindbrain. Mauthner cell multiplications in the posterior hindbrain, and (both anteriorly and posteriorly) expanded Krox-20 expression domains indicated (partial) transformation of a large part of the hindbrain into (at least partial) rhombomere 3, 4 and/or 5 identity. In contrast, the fore- and midbrain and spinal cord appeared to be less affected. These data indicate that RARs play a role in patterning the hindbrain.
When Do Telomeres Matter? (2001)

Cultured human and rodent cells divide a set number of times before they cease dividing, a process called replicative senescence. But how do they know when to stop dividing? It appears that human cells have a way to count the number of divisions they have undergone: They monitor the progressive shortening of the ends of their chromosomes with each division. However, rodent cells do not appear to have any intrinsic counting method. In their Perspective,
 Shay and Wright
 now reveal that rodent cells, when grown under the correct culture conditions, can divide continuously (
 Mathon
 et al.,
 Tang
 et al.). They propose that cells from long-lived humans and short-lived rodents have adopted different methods to respond to the insults that they accumulate through their lifetimes.
Geometry effects on conjugate natural convection heat transfer in vertical eccentric annuli (2007)

Purpose To explore the effect of the annulus geometrical parameters on the induced flow rate and the heat transfer under the conjugate (combined conduction and free convection) thermal boundary conditions with one cylinder heated isothermally while the other cylinder is kept at the inlet fluid temperature. Design/methodology/approach A finite‐difference algorithm has been developed to solve the bipolar boundary‐layer equations for the conjugate laminar free convection heat transfer in vertical eccentric annuli. Findings Numerical results are presented for a fluid of Prandtl number, Pr =0.7 in eccentric annuli. The geometry parameters of NR 2 and E (the fluid‐annulus radius ratio and the eccentricity, respectively) have considerable effects on the results. Practical implications Applications of the obtained results can be of value in the heat‐exchanger industry, in cooling of underground electric cables, and in cooling small vertical electric motors and generators. Originality/value The paper presents results that are not available in the literature for the problem of conjugate laminar free convection in open‐ended vertical eccentric annular channels. Geometry effects having been investigated by considering fluid annuli having radii ratios NR 2 =0.1 and 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 and four values of the eccentricity E =0.1, 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7. Moreover, practical ranges of the solid‐fluid conductivity ratio (KR) and the wall thicknesses that are commonly available in pipe standards have been investigated. Such results are very much needed for design purposes of heat transfer equipment.
Role of itaconic acid in latex particle nucleation (1991)

Abstract Itaconic acid, a carboxylated water‐soluble monomer, was examined in terms of its role in latex particle nucleation when copolymerized with acrylate monomers. From emulsion polymerizations in which the particle number concentrations were followed as a function of monomer conversion, it was found that the greater the amount of itaconic acid present, the larger the final latex particle diameter. This was interpreted as the result of the lower number of primary particles being initially nucleated. The above observations can be explained by the incorporation of the hydrophilic itaconic acid into acrylate oligomeric radicals that initially form. This incorporation increases the water‐solubility of the radicals such that a lower proportion of these radicals is likely to precipitate to form primary particles.
The Effects of a Mineral Supplement (Aquamin F ® ) and Its Combination with Multi-Species Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) on Bone Accretion in an Ovariectomized Rat Model (2010)

Although an adequete intake of calcium (Ca) is recommended for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis, the intake of Ca should be restricted because of its low rate of intestinal absorption. The purpose of this experiment was to identify the effect of the combined administration of Aquamin F (AQF) (a calcium agent) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on osteoporosis. Thirty ovariectomized (OVX) rats and six control rats were assigned to the following six groups, with six animals per group: sham Ca-deficient diet (Ca-D), OVX, LAB, AQF, and LAB-AQF. During the experiment, the body weight was measured; and after the experiment was completed, the serum biochemical analysis, the alkaline phosphatase, calcium, and inorganic phosphorus leves were measured. The tissue of the femur was stained and then scanned via CT. The body weight of the OVX group increased more significantly than that of the control group. The results of the bone mineral content (BMC), Bone mineral density (BMD), serum biochemical analysis and histological test on the femur epiphysis showed no difference between the OVX group and the LAB group, whereas the results of the AQF group were more significant than those of the OVX group. In particular, the LAB+AQF group showed more significant increases in the aforementioned results than the AQF group. This experiment showed that the combined administration of AQF and LAB in ovariectomized rats more significantly increased bone density than did a single administration of either AQF or LAB.
Measurement of Capacitances in Multigate Transistors by Coulomb Blockade Spectroscopy (2008)

The occurence of periodic Coulomb blockade in transistors at low temperature allows to extract the capacitances between the channel and the gate, source, and drain. This extremely sensitive method is well adapted to nanoscale devices, where these capacitances are well below the fF range and in parallel with low resistances. We applied this method to 3-D stacked MOSFETs featuring a double-gate top channel and a single-gate bottom channel. The measured gate capacitances are in excellent agreement with estimations based on the geometry, and are independent on the gate voltage. The source and drain capacitances can also be measured separately for each parallel conduction channel, even when their values are markedly different. We illustrate this case with a device with one dominating double-gate channel and a buried, single-gate channel which is not detectable at 300 K and contributes for less than 5% to the total conductance at 4.2 K.
The challenge of designing scientific discovery games (2010)

Incorporating the individual and collective problem solving skills of non-experts into the scientific discovery process could potentially accelerate the advancement of science. This paper discusses the design process used for Foldit, a multiplayer online biochemistry game that presents players with computationally difficult protein folding problems in the form of puzzles, allowing ordinary players to gain expertise and help solve these problems. The principle challenge of designing such scientific discovery games is harnessing the enormous collective problem-solving potential of the game playing population, who have not been previously introduced to the specific problem, or, often, the entire scientific discipline. To address this challenge, we took an iterative approach to designing the game, incorporating feedback from players and biochemical experts alike. Feedback was gathered both before and after releasing the game, to create the rules, interactions, and visualizations in Foldit that maximize contributions from game players. We present several examples of how this approach guided the game's design, and allowed us to improve both the quality of the gameplay and the application of player problem-solving.
Advanced separators based on aromatic polymer for high energy density lithium batteries (2023)

A process includes casting a solution including poly(phenylene oxide), inorganic nanoparticles, a solvent, and a non-solvent on a substrate; and removing the solvent to form a porous film; wherein: the porous film is configured for use as a porous separator for a lithium ion battery.
A New Paradigm for the Treatment of Ovarian Cancer: The Use of Epigenetic Therapy to Sensitize Patients to Immunotherapy and Chemotherapy (2017)

Abstract : The overall goal of this project remains to bring epigenetic therapy strategies to have major impact for the management of advanced ovarian cancer (OC). This past year, we continue to make exciting advances and all of our pre-clinical work is about to impact a leveraged clinical trial now ready to start wherein low dose therapy targeting DNA demethylation will be paired with immune checkpoint therapy. Our latest studies of a mouse model of serous ovarian cancer has progressed significantly in which we have identified the demethylating agent, 5-aza-cytidine (AZA) potently stimulates tumor immune attraction of T-cells to the tumor microenvironment. This augmented by addition of a histone deactylase inhibitor (HDACi) in a newly derived regimen and addition of the immune checkpoint therapy, anti-PD1 adds to tumor inhibition and prolongs survival of the mice. We are now working to determine whether an AZA induced interferon triggering pathway involving upregulation of a cytosolic double stranded RNA(dsRNA) sensing system and of endogenous retroviral transcripts (ERVs), published last year, is the mechanism triggering the above immune response.
Subinhibitory cerulenin inhibits staphylococcal exoprotein production by blocking transcription rather than by blocking secretion (2005)

Cerulenin is an antibiotic that inhibits fatty acid synthesis by covalent modification of the active thiol of the chain-elongation subtypes of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase. It also inhibits other processes that utilize essential thiols. Cerulenin has been widely reported to block protein secretion at sub-MIC levels, an effect that has been postulated to represent interference with membrane function through interference with normal fatty acid synthesis. This study confirms the profound reduction in extracellular proteins caused by low concentrations of the antibiotic, and shows by Northern blot hybridization that this reduction is due to interference with transcription. By exchanging promoters between entB, a gene that is inhibited by cerulenin, and entA, a gene that is not, it was also shown that the antibiotic does not block secretion. Subinhibitory concentrations of cerulenin were also found to block transcriptional activation of at least two regulatory determinants, agr and sae, that function by signal transduction. Interference with the activation of these and other regulatory determinants probably accounts for much of the inhibitory effect on exoprotein production of sub-MIC concentrations of cerulenin.
Innermotorische Emissionsminderung (2010)

Bei der Verbrennung des Luft-Kraftstoff- Gemischs entstehen als Nebenprodukt überwiegend die Schadstoffe NOx, Ruß, CO und HC. Die Menge dieser Schadstoffe, die im Rohabgas (Abgas nach der Verbrennung vor der Abgasreinigung) enthalten ist, hängt stark vom Motorbetrieb ab. Neben der Brennraumform und dem Luftpfad (Aufladung, Abgasrückführung, Drallsteuerung) besitzt das Einspritzsystem eine Schlüsselfunktion bei der Emissionsminderung.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N1‐Substituted Analogues of (2R,4R)‐4‐Aminopyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic Acid as Agonists, Partial Agonists, and Antagonists of Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Light‐Sensitive Protecting Groups for Amines and Alcohols: The Photosolvolysis of N‐Substituted 7‐Nitroindolines. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Isolation, Structure Determination, and Anticancer Activity of Apoptolidin D. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ultrasound Technology in Food Processing (2022)

Increasing the product's quality along with reducing the energy consumption are among the challenges sought in the food industry. To reach these challenges, numerous emerging technologies are being implemented at industrial scale as alternative to conventional ones. Among these technologies, ultrasound has taken attention due to its several advantages, that include energy saving, its label of “clean” technology, its ability to keep high product quality, and its combination with the use of “green” solvents, among others. Ultrasound technology has been successfully tested in several food processes such as for the extraction of valuable compounds from different matrices, for fermentation, freezing and crystallization, drying, filtration, emulsification, etc. With regard to the diversity of applications in the food industry, this chapter is mainly dealing with discussing the mechanisms of action of ultrasound as well as its application in different food industrial sectors.
DNA Separation in Nanowall Array Chips (2011)

A nanowall array structure was fabricated on a quartz chip as a separation matrix of DNA fragments, and a 30 s separation was realized for a mixture of DNA fragments (48.5 and 1 kbp fragments) by applying the electric voltage. A longer DNA fragment migrates faster than a shorter one in a nanowall array chip, and it is completely different from the separation of DNA based on gel electrophoresis, nanopillar chips, and nanoparticle array chips. Although the result is similar to DNA separation by entropic trapping, it could not be fully explained by entropic trapping phenomena. Direct observation of single-DNA molecular dynamics inside a nanowall array structure indicates that both confined elongation and relaxation recoiling of a DNA molecule occur, and an elongated DNA molecule migrates faster than a recoiled DNA molecule. Numerical fitting of DNA molecular dynamics reveals that the balance between times for the transverse of a DNA molecule in the nanowall array chip and the relaxation-recoiling of a DNA molecule governs the separation of DNA.
Supp Figure 4 from Involvement of Epigenetics and EMT-Related miRNA in Arsenic-Induced Neoplastic Transformation and Their Potential Clinical Use (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supp Figure 4. ROC curves for individual micro RNA expression in 177 normal and 32 bladder cancer urine samples were shown.&lt;/p&gt;