gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Herbaceous Feedstock 2020 (State of Technology Report) (2020)

The Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 required a minimum supply of 36 million gallons of renewable fuels per year by 2022. In order to achieve these goals, the Bioenergy Technologies Office (BETO) has set cost and technology targets for producing advanced and cellulosic biofuels. One of the targets is to validate feedstock supply infrastructures and systems with 90% overall operating effectiveness and field-to-reactor throat delivered cost less than $85.51/dry ton (2016). As stated by the 2017 Multi-Year Program Plan (DOE 2017), the research and development focus of the Feedstock Technologies (FT) platform is reducing the cost, improving the supply chain logistic efficiency, improving biomass quality, and increasing the supply volume. In addition, BETO oversees annual State of Technology (SOT) report that assesses current technologies that are relevant to BETO’s targets based on actual data and experimental results. Feedstocks are essential to achieving BETO goals because the cost, quality, and quantity of feedstock available and accessible at any given time limit the maximum volume of biofuels that can be produced. In accordance with the 2016 Multi-Year Program Plan (DOE 2016a), FT focuses on (1) reducing the delivered cost of sustainably produced biomass, (2) preserving and improving the physical and chemical quality parameters of harvested biomass to meet the individual needs of biorefineries and other biomass users, and (3) expanding the quantity of feedstock materials accessible to the bioenergy industry. This is done by identifying, developing, demonstrating, and validating efficient and economical integrated systems for harvest and collection, storage, handling, transport, and preprocessing raw biomass from a variety of crops to reliably deliver the required supplies of high-quality, affordable feedstocks to biorefineries as the industry expands. The elements of cost, quality, and quantity are key considerations when developing advanced feedstock supply concepts and systems (DOE 2016a).
Functional Amyloids Used by Organisms: A Lesson in Controlling Assembly (2009)

Abstract Amyloid has been studied primarily in relation to the disease states that it causes in humans, but in recent years, a range of proteins have been identified that self‐assemble to a β ‐sheet rich fold as part of their native function and as such have been termed as functional amyloids. 1 These functional amyloids fulfil a range of tasks within cells and extracellularly. In this paper, we will discuss the concept of functional amyloids, specifically in the sense of a structural component for the producing organism. Additionally, we will discuss how these organisms have controlled amyloid formation so that it only occurs at specific locations and at a desired time. magnified image
A review on bioactive metabolites and great biological effects of Cranberry (2023)

The Cranberry (Genus Vaccinium) is characterized by its high content of acids, sugars and antioxidants. Some of the latter have been studied for their potential action against the adhesion of bacteria and a number of micro-organisms to the mucous membranes of the body. The effect observed is "mechanical" and not "bactericidal", so there is no risk of developing resistance phenomena. Cranberry and its juice were thus the first plant extracts in the world used to prevent the adhesion of Escherichia coli bacteria on the uro-epithelial cells lining the genitourinary tract and treat recurrent cystitis. It prevents stomach ulcers through prevention the attachment of Helicobacter Pylori bacteria to the stomach wall. Cranberry is used against dental plaque due to the anti-adhesion effect has positive repercussions on the formation of dental plaque and gum inflammation. Cranberry products, made from the North American cranberry, have long been thought to be effective in helping prevent urinary tract infections (is one of the most common infections in women, requiring antibiotic treatment.). The American cranberry, which is mainly consumed in the form of cranberry juice (CJ), is regarded as a promising functional food for the prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, heart diseases, type 2 diabetes, and oral diseases. The phenolic compounds found in cranberry, like catechin and epicatechins, Flavonoids, Anthocyanins, phenolic acid, flavan-3-ol, flavonol glycoside, polyphenols, proanthocyanidins B-type, and other phenolic compounds are contributed to the reduction of oxidative stress.
Model for Electric Energy Consumption in Eastern Saudi Arabia (1997)

Electrical energy consumption in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia is modeled as a function of weather data, global solar radiation, population, and gross domestic product per capita. Fine years of data have been used to develop the energy consumption model. Variable selection in the regression model is carried out by using the general stepping-regression technique. Model adequacy is determined from a residual analysis technique. Model validation aims to determine if the model will function successfully in its intended operating field. In this regard, new energy consumption data for a sixth year are collected, and the results predicted by the regression model are compared with the new data set. Finally, the sensitivity of the model is examined. It is found that the model is strongly influenced by the ambient temperature.
Cost optimization study using dispersion-managed fiber in a German backbone network (2005)

This paper describes a study of the value of dispersion-managed fiber in a German backbone network and a cost optimization over amplifier span length.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Mechanics Studies on the Metal Complexes of 1,5,9-Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane, [ML1](PF6)2 (M = Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II)) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Mechanics Studies on the Metal Complexes of 1,5,9-Tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,5,9-triazacyclododecane, [ML1](PF6)2 (M = Fe(II), Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Pd(II))Delong Zhang and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 22, 5138–5143Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00100a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00100a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extensional Flow Behavior of Methylcellulose Solutions Containing Fibrils (2018)

The extensional properties of semidilute aqueous methylcellulose (MC) solutions have been characterized. Pure aqueous MC solutions are shear-thinning liquids at room temperature. With the addition of 8 wt % NaCl, a fraction of MC self-assembles into long fibrils, which modify the rheological properties of the original MC solution. Capillary Breakup Extensional Rheometry (CaBER) was used to characterize salt-free and 8 wt % NaCl solutions of MC at room temperature. The salt-free solutions exhibit only power-law behavior whereas solutions with NaCl exhibit both power-law and elastic regimes. As MC concentration increases, the extensional relaxation time also increases strongly, from 0.04 s at 0.5 wt % to 4 s at 1 wt %. In addition, the apparent extensional viscosity rapidly increases as a function of increasing MC concentration, from 40 Pa·s at 0.5 wt % to 1300 Pa·s at 1 wt %. This behavior is attributed to the presence of fibrils in the MC solutions containing NaCl.
Turbine Airfoil Net Heat Flux Reduction With Cylindrical Holes Embedded in a Transverse Trench (2008)

Film cooling adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficients for cylindrical holes embedded in a 1d transverse trench on the suction side of a simulated turbine vane were investigated to determine the net heat flux reduction. For reference, measurements were also conducted with standard inclined, cylindrical holes. Heat transfer coefficients were determined with and without upstream heating to isolate the hydrodynamic effects of the trench and to investigate the effects of the thermal approach boundary layer. Also, the effects of a tripped versus an untripped boundary layer were explored. For both the cylindrical holes and the trench, heat transfer augmentation was much greater for the untripped approach flow. A further increase in heat transfer augmentation was caused by use of upstream heating, with as much as a 180% augmentation for the trench. The tripped approach flow led to much lower heat transfer augmentation than the untipped case. The net heat flux reduction for the trench was found to be significantly higher than for the row of cylindrical holes.
The Gly385(388)Arg Polymorphism of the FGFR4 Receptor Regulates Hepatic Lipogenesis Under Healthy Diet (2018)

Context: The effect of a lifestyle intervention to reduce liver fat content in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in humans is influenced by genetics. We hypothesized that the amino acid exchange in human Gly388Arg (mouse homolog: Gly385Arg) in fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4), which regulates bile acid, lipid, and glucose metabolism, could determine hepatic lipid accumulation and insulin sensitivity. Mechanisms of this substitution were studied in mice under normal chow and high-fat diets.Design: In humans, the Gly388Arg polymorphism was studied for its relationship with changes in liver fat content and insulin sensitivity during 9 months of a lifestyle intervention. We also studied a knock-in mouse strain with an Arg385 allele introduced into the murine FGFR4 gene under normal chow and high-fat diets.Results: In humans, the FGFR4 Arg388 allele was not associated with liver fat content or insulin sensitivity in subjects who were overweight and obese before lifestyle intervention. However, it was associated with less decrease in liver fat content and less increase in insulin sensitivity during the intervention. In mice receiving normal chow, the FGFR4 Arg385 allele was associated with elevated hepatic triglyceride content, altered hepatic lipid composition, and increased hepatic expression of genes inducing de novo lipogenesis and glycolysis. Body fat mass and distribution, glucose tolerance, and insulin sensitivity were unaltered. The FGFR4 Arg385 allele had no effect on glucose or lipid metabolism under the high-fat diet.Conclusion: Our data indicate that the FGFR4 Arg388(385) allele affects hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism specifically during healthy caloric intake.
Optimal Freshness Crawl Under Politeness Constraints (2019)

A Web crawler is an essential part of a search engine that procures information subsequently served by the search engine to its users. As the Web is becoming increasingly more dynamic, in addition to discovering new web pages a crawler needs to keep revisiting those already in the search engine's index, in order to keep the index fresh by picking up the pages' changed content. Determining how often to recrawl pages requires making tradeoffs based on the pages' relative importance and change rates, subject to multiple resource constraints - the limited daily budget of crawl requests on the search engine's end and politeness constraints restricting the rate at which pages can be requested from a given host. In this paper, we introduce PoliteBinaryLambdaCrawl, the first optimal algorithm for freshness crawl scheduling in the presence of politeness constraints as well as non-uniform page importance scores and the crawler's own crawl request limit. We also propose an approximation for it, stating its theoretical optimality conditions and in the process discovering a connection to an approach previously thought of as a mere heuristic for freshness crawl scheduling. We explore the relative performance of PoliteBinaryLambdaCrawl and other methods for handling politeness constraints on a dataset collected by crawling over 18.5M URLs daily over 14 weeks.
On extension of a gradient-based co-design algorithm to linear descriptor systems (2016)

As a holistic approach, optimal co-design of a control system determines both the plant and controller simultaneously to optimize certain performance metrics. Prior co-design work typically assume a control system in the classic state space form, and thus compromise the range of applicability. This paper considers co-design for control systems in the linear descriptor form, with the purpose to minimize the H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> norm of a closed-loop transfer function. We demonstrate that the gradient of the cost function with respect to plant parameters can be computed analytically, and thus extend the previous gradient-based co-design algorithm to the linear descriptor system case.
Corrigendum: The Structural Fate of Individual Multicomponent Metal‐Oxide Nanoparticles in Polymer Nanoreactors (2018)

In this Communication, a typographic error was present in the horizontal axis labels in the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) data. In the EDS spectra of Figure 1 D, 2 B, 2 E, and 3 B, the correct horizontal axis label reads “Energy (keV)”. This error does not affect the results or conclusions in this Communication. Corrected Supporting Information is available along with this Corrigendum. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in the Chemistry of Lewis Base Adducts of Alane and Gallane (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cold sintering process of Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 solid electrolyte (2017)

Abstract The recently developed technique of cold sintering process (CSP) enables densification of ceramics at low temperatures, i.e., &lt;300°C. CSP employs a transient aqueous solvent to enable liquid phase‐assisted densification through mediating the dissolution‐precipitation process under a uniaxial applied pressure. Using CSP in this study, 80% dense Li 1.5 Al 0.5 Ge 1.5 (PO 4 ) 3 (LAGP) electrolytes were obtained at 120°C in 20 minutes. After a 5 minute belt furnace treatment at 650°C, 50°C above the crystallization onset, Li‐ion conductivity was 5.4 × 10 −5 S/cm at 25°C. Another route to high ionic conductivities ~10 −4 S/cm at 25°C is through a composite LAGP ‐ (PVDF‐HFP) co‐sintered system that was soaked in a liquid electrolyte. After soaking 95, 90, 80, 70, and 60 vol% LAGP in 1 M LiPF 6 EC‐DMC (50:50 vol%) at 25°C, Li‐ion conductivities were 1.0 × 10 −4 S/cm at 25°C with 5 to 10 wt% liquid electrolyte. This paper focuses on the microstructural development and impedance contributions within solid electrolytes processed by (i) Crystallization of bulk glasses, (ii) CSP of ceramics, and (iii) CSP of ceramic‐polymer composites. CSP may offer a new route to enable multilayer battery technology by avoiding the detrimental effects of high temperature heat treatments.
Research data supporting "Decoupling Charge Transport and Electroluminescence in a High Mobility Polymer Semiconductor" (2016)

An origin file containing data used for the publication Decoupling Charge Transport and Electroluminescence in a High Mobility Polymer Semiconductor.
Origin of Panchromaticity in Multichromophore–Tetrapyrrole Arrays (2018)

Panchromatic absorbers that have robust photophysical properties enable new designs for molecular-based light-harvesting systems. Herein, we report experimental and theoretical studies of the spectral, redox, and excited-state properties of a series of perylene-monoimide-ethyne-porphyrin arrays wherein the number of perylene-monoimide units is stepped from one to four. In the arrays, a profound shift of absorption intensity from the strong violet-blue (B <sub>y</sub> and B <sub>x</sub>) bands of typical porphyrins into the green, red, and near-infrared (Q <sub>x</sub> and Q <sub>y</sub>) regions stems from mixing of chromophore and tetrapyrrole molecular orbitals (MOs), which gives multiplets of MOs having electron density spread over the entire array. This reduces the extensive mixing between porphyrin excited-state configurations and the transition-dipole addition and subtraction that normally leads to intense B and weak Q bands. Reduced configurational mixing derives from moderate effects of the ethyne and perylene on the MO energies and a more substantial effect of electron-density delocalization to reduce the configuration-interaction energy. Quantitative oscillator-strength analysis shows that porphyrin intensity is also shifted into the perylene-like green-region absorption and that the ethyne linkers lend absorption intensity. The reduced porphyrin configurational mixing also endows the S<sub>1</sub> state with bacteriochlorin-like properties, including a 1-5 ns lifetime.
A miR-24 microRNA binding-site polymorphism in dihydrofolate reductase gene leads to methotrexate resistance (2007)

MicroRNAs are predicted to regulate approximately 30% of all human genes by targeting sequences in their 3' UTR. Polymorphisms in 3' UTR of several genes have been reported to affect gene expression, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we demonstrate that 829C-->T, a naturally occurring SNP, near the miR-24 binding site in the 3' UTR of human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) affects DHFR expression by interfering with miR-24 function, resulting in DHFR overexpression and methotrexate resistance. miR-24 has a conserved binding site in DHFR 3' UTR. DHFR with WT and 3' UTR containing the 829C-->T mutation were expressed in DG44 cells that lack DHFR. Overexpression of miR-24 in cells with WT DHFR resulted in down-regulation of DHFR protein, whereas no effect on DHFR protein expression was observed in the mutant 3' UTR-expressing cells. Inhibition of endogenous miR-24 with a specific inhibitor led to up-regulation of DHFR in WT and not in mutant cells. Cells with the mutant 3' UTR had a 2-fold increase in DHFR mRNA half-life, expressed higher DHFR mRNA and DHFR protein, and were 4-fold more resistant to methotrexate as compared with WT cells. SNP-829C-->T, therefore, leads to a decrease in microRNA binding leading to overexpression of its target and results in resistance to methotrexate. We demonstrate that a naturally occurring miRSNP (a SNP located at or near a microRNA binding site in 3' UTR of the target gene or in a microRNA) is associated with enzyme overproduction and drug resistance.
Synthesis of D-3-deoxy-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and its effect on Ca2+ release in NIH 3T3 cells (1990)

M. J. Seewald, I. A. Aksoy, G. Powis, A. H. Fauq and A. P. Kozikowski, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 1638 DOI: 10.1039/C39900001638
Continuous compressor recirculation to improve boost response and mitigate compressor surge in turbocharged gasoline engines (2016)

Turbocharged engines are typically equipped with wastegates to control boost pressure, and compressor recirculation valves (CRVs) to prevent compressor surge. For cost reasons, CRVs are typically simple on/off devices. We replace the on/off CRV with a Continuously-variable Compressor Recirculation Valve (CCRV). Because it is continuous, this device can be used, in coordination with the wastegate, to improve the boost response. It can also be used to effectively and robustly prevent compressor surge on both aggressive and mild tip-outs, and to steer compressor operation away from undesirable regions during tip-ins. In this paper, we describe the requirements and design of the CCRV control system, and present vehicle results demonstrating the efficacy of this device.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloaddition Reactions of Carbohydrate Derivatives. Part 6. Quinolizidine Analogues of Castanospermine (XIII). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polyanionic‐Type Compounds as Positive Electrodes for Na‐ion batteries (2021)

Polyanionic compounds form an important class of materials for positive electrodes for Na-ion batteries (NIBs). This chapter gives the structural frameworks of some typical polyanionic materials. It highlights the recent achievements in the development of new electrode materials for NIBs. Solid state reaction and wet method are two traditional synthesis routes for Na Super Ionic CONductor (NASICON) compounds. NASICON-type materials constitute an important family of polyanionic compounds. They also hold an essential role as solid electrolytes and electrode materials for both lithium-ion batteries and NIBs. Na3V2(PO4)3 and Na3V2(PO4)2F3 are two of the most promising polyanionic materials that can be used at the positive electrode in NIBs and they indeed belong to two different families of materials.