gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serial fractional doses of mAb B3 and paclitaxel improve accumulation and penetration of B3 due to apoptosis of tumor cells (2014)

1376 Objectives To test if the greater accumulation and deeper penetration of mAb B3 in solid tumor achieved by serial fractional doses of B3 and paclitaxel (Taxol) could be explained by the distribution pattern of apoptotic cells (ACs). Methods Nude mice (n=6/group) with Ley positive A431 tumors (~200mm3) were injected as follows: 1) a single dose of 150 or 300µg Alexa B3 (IV) on D0 followed by a single dose of 40 or 70mg/kg Taxol (IP) on D1, and 2) serial fractional doses of 150µg Alexa B3 on D0, 40mg/kg Taxol on D1, 150µg Alexa B3 on D3, and 30mg/kg Taxol on D4, and 3) 150 or 300µg Alexa B3 (IV) on D0 as a control. The mice were euthanized 2 days after Alexa B3 injection. Tumor slices (8µm) were stained with the TUNEL assay to assess the apoptotic cell distributions by ScanScope FL. Alexa B3 intensity was plotted vs the distance and the B3 accumulation to 1 mm distance from tumor surface was calculated by AUC analysis. Results Regimen 1) produced apoptotic cells primarily in tumor periphery (P) (~50µm from tumor surface) with the apoptotic intensity depending on Taxol dose. The intensity and distribution of ACs showed a positive correlation with the accumulation and distribution of B3, indicating that the apoptosis decreased tumor cell density and improved the accumulation (% ID) of B3 in both P and tumor core (C). Although the single Taxol injection improved the accumulation of B3 by 75% compared to the control, it did not drastically improve the C/P ratio of B3 (0.25~0.32 vs 0.34~0.39 for the control). In contrast, regimen 2) produced very dense patches of ACs in P with areas of sparse ACs in C. This distribution of ACs resulted in deeper penetration of B3 toward C with its peak intensity shown at 1 mm from the surface with the C/P ratio of 1.54. Conclusions These findings indicate that regimen 2) improved the accumulation and penetration of B3 toward tumor core due to lowering of interstitial fluid pressure and overcoming binding-site barrier by extensive apoptotic cells in tumor periphery. Research Support Clinical Center, NIH and NCI Contract No. HHSN261200800001E.
Commentary on industrial processes (2005)

A brief commentary on the three papers presented in the session on 'industrial processes' is presented. In particular, emphasis is placed on the factors considered to be crucial for an industrial process, namely: catalyst activity, the selectivity of the overall catalysed reaction and the lifetime over which the performance is observed. Control of selectivity is viewed as being most important, and examples of how this is achieved through the use of membrane reactors and catalyst design are described.
Blast Mines: Physics, Injury Mechanisms And Vehicle Protection (2009)

Since World War II, more vehicles have been lost to land mines than all other threats combined. Anti-vehicular (AV) mines are capable of disabling a heavy vehicle, or completely destroying a lighter vehicle. The most common form of AV mine is the blast mine, which uses a large amount of explosive to directly damage the target. In a conventional military setting, landmines are used as a defensive force-multiplier and to restrict the movements of the opposing force. They are relatively cheap to purchase and easy to acquire, hence landmines are also potent weapons in the insurgents' armamentarium. The stand-offnature of its design has allowed insurgents to cause significant injuries to security forces in current conflicts with little personal risk. As a result, AV mines and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) have become the most common cause of death and injury to Coalition and local security forces operating in Iraq and Afghanistan. Detonation of an AV mine causes an explosive, exothermic reaction which results in the formation of a shockwave followed by a rapid expansion of gases. The shockwave is mainly reflected by the soillair interface and fractures the soil cap overthe mine. The detonation products then vent through the voids in the soil, resulting in a hollow inverse cone which consists of the detonation gases surrounded by the soil ejecta. It is the combination of the detonation products and soil ejecta that interact with the target vehicle and cause injury to the vehicle occupants. A number of different strategies are required to mitigate the blast effects of an explosion. Primary blast effects can be reduced by increasing the standoff distance between the seat of the explosion and the crew compartment. Enhancement of armour on the base of the vehicle, as well as improvements in personal protection can prevent penetration of fragments. Mitigating tertiary effects can be achieved by altering the vehicle geometry and structure, increasing vehicle mass, as well as developing new strategies to reduce the transfer of the impulse through the vehicle to the occupants. Protection from thermal injury can be provided by incorporating fire resistant materials into the vehicle and in personal clothing. The challenge for the vehicle designer is the incorporation of these protective measures within an operationally effective platform.
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade M mosaic gag polypeptides (2023)

The present invention relates to mosaic HIV-1 group M Gag sequences and to a composition comprising same.
Validation of 3D multimodality roadmapping in interventional neuroradiology (2011)

Three-dimensional multimodality roadmapping is entering clinical routine utilization for neuro-vascular treatment. Its purpose is to navigate intra-arterial and intra-venous endovascular devices through complex vascular anatomy by fusing pre-operative computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) with the live fluoroscopy image. The fused image presents the real-time position of the intra-vascular devices together with the patient's 3D vascular morphology and its soft-tissue context. This paper investigates the effectiveness, accuracy, robustness and computation times of the described methods in order to assess their suitability for the intended clinical purpose: accurate interventional navigation. The mutual information-based 3D-3D registration proved to be of sub-voxel accuracy and yielded an average registration error of 0.515 mm and the live machine-based 2D-3D registration delivered an average error of less than 0.2 mm. The capture range of the image-based 3D-3D registration was investigated to characterize its robustness, and yielded an extent of 35 mm and 25° for >80% of the datasets for registration of 3D rotational angiography (3DRA) with CT, and 15 mm and 20° for >80% of the datasets for registration of 3DRA with MR data. The image-based 3D-3D registration could be computed within 8 s, while applying the machine-based 2D-3D registration only took 1.5 µs, which makes them very suitable for interventional use.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2 to Formate Using Ruthenium Nanoparticles Immobilized on Supported Ionic Liquid Phases (2023)

Ruthenium nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on imidazolium-based supported ionic liquid phases (Ru@SILP) act as effective heterogeneous catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub> ) to formate in a mixture of water and triethylamine (NEt<sub>3</sub> ). The structure of the imidazolium-based molecular modifiers is varied systematically regarding side chain functionality (neutral, basic, and acidic) and anion to assess the influence of the IL-type environment on the NPs synthesis and catalytic properties. The resulting Ru@SILP materials contain well-dispersed Ru NPs with diameters in the range 0.8-2.9 nm that are found 2 to 10 times more active for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation than a reference Ru@SiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst under identical conditions. Introduction of sulfonic acid groups in the IL modifiers results in a greatly increased turnover number (TON) and turnover frequency (TOF) at reduced metal loadings. As a result, excellent productivity with TONs up to 16 100 at an initial TOF of 1430 h<sup>-1</sup> can be achieved with the Ru@SILP(SO<sub>3</sub> H-OAc) catalyst. H/D exchange and other control experiments suggest an accelerated desorption of the formate species from the Ru NPs promoted by the presence of ammonium sulfonate species on Ru@SILP(SO<sub>3</sub> H-X) materials, resulting in enhanced catalyst activity and productivity.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapsing after first-line pediatric-inspired therapy: a retrospective GRAALL study (2016)

The outcome of adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph- ALL) relapsing after pediatric-inspired front-line therapy is ill known. Here 229 relapsing Ph- ALL younger adults (18-63 years) treated within the Group for Research on Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (GRAALL)-2003/-2005 trials were considered. Salvage regimens consisted of potentially curative therapies in 194 cases, low-intensity therapies in 21, allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-SCT) in 6 and best supportive care in 8. Overall, 77 patients received allo-SCT after relapse. The median follow-up was 3.1 years. A second complete remission (CR2) was achieved in 121 patients (53%). In multivariate analysis, only younger age <45 years (P=0.008) and CR1 duration ⩾18 months (P=0.009) predicted CR2. Overall survival (OS) at 2 and 5 years was 19.3% (14-24%) and 13.3% (8-18%), respectively. In CR2 patients, disease-free survival (DFS) at 2 and 5 years was 29.0% (21-38%) and 25% (17-33%). In multivariate analysis, CR1 duration ⩾18 months and allo-SCT after relapse were associated with longer DFS (P<0.009 and P=0.004, respectively) and longer OS (P=0.004 and P<0.0001, respectively). In conclusion, although younger adults relapsing after pediatric-inspired ALL therapies retain a poor outcome, some of them may be cured if CR1 duration ⩾18 months and if allo-SCT can be performed in CR2. New therapies are definitely needed for these patients.
Genetics and epidemiology of adult-type hypolactasia with emphasis on the situation in Europe (2001)

The decline in gastrointestinal lactase activity, adult-type hypolactasia, is genetically determined by a recessive single gene. A genetic selection associated with the consumption of milk or milk products for hundreds or thousands of years explains the differences in the prevalence of hypolactasia seen nowadays. The lowest European prevalence has been reported in Denmark (4%) and the highest prevalence in the Mari population in Russia (81%). Key words: Hypolactasia, lactase, lactose intolerance
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATIVE FLUORINATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS IN LIQUID HYDROGEN FLUORIDE (1978)

Abstract In Gegenwart von PbO 2 werden die Toluole (I) in HF zu den Fluoriden (II) und den Difluoriden (III) umgesetzt, in einigen Fällen werden auch die Aldehyde (IV) erhalten.
Lipidomics of CHO Cell Bioprocessing: Relation to Cell Growth and Specific Productivity of a Monoclonal Antibody (2018)

As the demand for biological therapeutic proteins rises, there is an increasing need for robust and highly efficient bioprocesses, specifically, maximizing protein production by controlling the cellular nutritional and metabolic needs. A comprehensive lipidomics analysis has been performed, for the first time, over the time course of CHO cells producing an IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) with fed batch 5 L bioreactors. The dynamic nature and importance of the CHO lipidome, especially on cellular growth and specific productivity, is demonstrated. A robust LC-MS method using positive and negative mode ESI was developed for lipid identification and quantitation of 377 unique lipids. The analysis revealed large changes in lipid features between the different days in bioprocessing including accumulation of triacylglycerol (TG) and lysophospholipid species with depletion of diacylglycerol (DG) species. Exploring pathway analysis where the lipid data was combined with polar metabolites and transcriptomics (RNA sequencing) revealed differences in lipid metabolism between the various stages of cellular growth and highlighted the role of key features of lipid metabolism on cell growth and specific productivity. The study demonstrates the importance of lipidomics in the expanding role of 'Omics methodologies in gaining insight into cellular behavior during protein production in a fed batch bioprocess.
Beaconless operation for optimal laser beam propagation through turbulent atmosphere (2016)

Corruption of the wavefront, beam wondering and power density degradation at the receiving end are the effects typically observed at laser beam propagation through turbulent atmosphere. Compensation of these effects can be achieved if the reciprocal conditions for the propagating wave are satisfied along the propagation range. Practical realization of these conditions requires placing a localized beacon at the receiving end of the range and high-performance adaptive optics system (AOS). The key condition for an effective performance of AOS is a high value of the reciprocal component in the outgoing wave, since only this component is getting compensated after propagating turbulence perturbed path. The nonreciprocal components that is present in the wave directed toward the target is caused by three factors (detailed in this paper) that determine the partial restoration of the structure of the beacon beam. Thus solution of a complex problem of focusing the laser beam propagating through turbulent media can be achieved for the share of the outgoing wave that has a reciprocal component. This paper examines the ways and means that can be used in achieving the stated goal of effective laser power delivery on the distant image-resolved object.
Cultivated Human Vaginal Microbiome Communities Impact Zika and Herpes Simplex Virus Replication in ex vivo Vaginal Mucosal Cultures (2019)

The human vaginal microbiome (VMB) is a complex bacterial community that interacts closely with vaginal epithelial cells (VECs) impacting the mucosal phenotype and its responses to pathogenic insults. The VMB and VEC relationship includes nutrient exchange and regulation of signaling molecules that controls numerous host functions and defends against invading pathogens. To better understand infection and replication of sexually transmitted viral pathogens in the human vaginal mucosa we used our <i>ex vivo</i> VEC multilayer culture system. We tested the hypothesis that selected VMB communities could be identified that alter the replication of sexually transmitted viruses consistent with reported clinical associations. Sterile VEC multilayer cultures or those colonized with VMB dominated by specific <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp., or VMB lacking lactobacilli, were infected with Zika virus, (ZIKV) a single stranded RNA virus, or Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 (HSV-2), a double stranded DNA virus. The virus was added to the apical surface of the cultured VEC multilayer to model transmission during vaginal intercourse. Viral replication was measured 48 h later by qPCR. The results indicated that VEC cultures colonized by VMB containing <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp., previously reported as inflammatory, significantly reduced the quantity of viral genomes produced by ZIKV. HSV-2 titers were decreased by nearly every VMB tested relative to the sterile control, although <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp.-dominated VMBs caused the greatest reduction in HSV-2 titer consistent with clinical observations. To explore the mechanism for reduced ZIKV titers, we investigated inflammation created by ZIKV infection, VMB colonization or pre-exposure to selected TLR agonists. Finally, expression levels of human beta defensins 1-3 were quantified in cultures infected by ZIKV and those colonized by VMBs that impacted ZIKV titers. Human beta defensins 1-3 produced by the VEC showed no association with ZIKV titers. The data presented expands the utility of this <i>ex vivo</i> model system providing controlled and reproducible methods to study the VMB impact on STIs and indicated an association between viral replication and specific bacterial species within the VMB.
727: Early Recurrences after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Can we Identify Those Patients? (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyPodium 24, Monday, May 21, 2007, 8:00 - 10:00 am1 Apr 2007727: Early Recurrences after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Can we Identify Those Patients? Jochen Walz, Andrea Gallina, Felix K.-H. Chun, Alwyn M. Reuther, James A. Eastham, Eric A. Klein, Peter T. Scardino, Francesco Montorsi, Markus Graefen, Hartwig Huland, and Pierre I. Karakiewicz Jochen WalzJochen Walz More articles by this author , Andrea GallinaAndrea Gallina More articles by this author , Felix K.-H. ChunFelix K.-H. Chun More articles by this author , Alwyn M. ReutherAlwyn M. Reuther More articles by this author , James A. EasthamJames A. Eastham More articles by this author , Eric A. KleinEric A. Klein More articles by this author , Peter T. ScardinoPeter T. Scardino More articles by this author , Francesco MontorsiFrancesco Montorsi More articles by this author , Markus GraefenMarkus Graefen More articles by this author , Hartwig HulandHartwig Huland More articles by this author , and Pierre I. KarakiewiczPierre I. Karakiewicz More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)30967-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "727: Early Recurrences after Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Can we Identify Those Patients?." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 244 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 244 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Jochen Walz More articles by this author Andrea Gallina More articles by this author Felix K.-H. Chun More articles by this author Alwyn M. Reuther More articles by this author James A. Eastham More articles by this author Eric A. Klein More articles by this author Peter T. Scardino More articles by this author Francesco Montorsi More articles by this author Markus Graefen More articles by this author Hartwig Huland More articles by this author Pierre I. Karakiewicz More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
HIV-Inhibitory Gallotannins fromLepidobotrys staudtii (1996)

Abstract Three galloylquinic acids, 1,3,4,5-tetra-O-galloylquinic acid (1), 3,4,5-tri-O-galloylquinic acid (2), and methyl 3,4,5-tri-O-galloylquinate (3) were isolated from the stem bark of the monotypic plant Lepidobotrys staudtii. Compound 1 protected target cells from the cytopathic effects of HIV-1 and HIV-2 and also exhibited potent inhibition of cellular DNA polymerases, as well as of the reverse transcriptases of HIV-1 and HIV-2, but not of other retroviruses tested.
A Novel Destabilizing Domain Based on a Small-Molecule Dependent Fluorophore (2016)

Tools that can directly regulate the activity of any protein-of-interest are valuable in the study of complex biological processes. Herein, we describe the development of a novel protein domain that exhibits small molecule-dependent stability and fluorescence based on the bilirubin-inducible fluorescent protein, UnaG. When genetically fused to any protein-of-interest, this fluorescent destabilizing domain (FDD) confers its instability to the entire fusion protein, facilitating the rapid degradation of the fusion. In the presence of its cognate ligand bilirubin (BR), the FDD fusion becomes stable and fluorescent. This new chemical genetic tool allows for rapid, reversible, and tunable control over the stability and fluorescence of a wide range of protein targets.
Demonstration of SWDM Transmission over OM4 Multimode Fiber with Modal Dispersion Compensation (2017)

We propose simple wavelength-band modal dispersion compensation approach for extended reach SWDM up to 600m and demonstrate experimentally 40G transmission over 450m OM4 MMF with modal dispersion compensation fiber and 4-channel MUX/DEMUX devices.
Revealing the Dependency of Dye Adsorption and Photocatalytic Activity of ZnO Nanoparticles on Their Morphology and Defect States (2023)

ZnO is an effective photocatalyst applied to the degradation of organic dyes in aqueous media. In this study, the UV-light and sunlight-driven photocatalytic activities of ZnO nanoparticles are evaluated. A handheld Lovibond photometer was purposefully calibrated in order to monitor the dye removal in outdoor conditions. The effect of ZnO defect states, i.e., the presence of zinc and oxygen defects on the photocatalytic activity was probed for two types of dyes: fuchsin and methylene blue. Three morphologies of ZnO nanoparticles were deliberately selected, i.e., spherical, facetted and a mix of spherical and facetted, ascertained via transmission electron microscopy. Aqueous and non-aqueous sol-gel routes were applied to their synthesis in order to tailor their size, morphology and defect states. Raman spectroscopy demonstrated that the spherical nanoparticles contained a high amount of oxygen vacancies and zinc interstitials. Photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed that the facetted nanoparticles harbored zinc vacancies in addition to oxygen vacancies. A mechanism for dye degradation based on the possible surface defects in facetted nanoparticles is proposed in this work. The reusability of these nanoparticles for five cycles of dye degradation was also analyzed. More specifically, facetted ZnO nanoparticles tend to exhibit higher efficiencies and reusability than spherical nanoparticles.
Identification of intronic point mutations as an alternative mechanism for p53 inactivation in lung cancer. (1990)

The p53 gene initially was thought to be an oncogene, but recent evidence suggests that wild-type p53 can function as a tumor suppressor gene in lung, colon, and breast cancer as well as less common malignancies. This study reports the first identification of intronic point mutations as a mechanism for inactivation of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Abnormally sized p53 mRNAs found in a small cell and a non-small cell lung cancer cell line were characterized by sequence analysis of cDNA/PCR products, the RNase protection assay and immunoprecipitation. These mRNAs were found to represent aberrant splicing leading to the production of abnormal or no p53 protein. Sequence analysis of genomic DNA revealed that a point mutation at the splice acceptor site in the third intron or the splice donor site in the seventh intron accounts for the abnormal mRNA splicing. In one patient the same intronic point mutation was found in the tumor cell line derived from a bone marrow metastasis and in multiple liver metastases but not in normal DNA, indicating that it occurred as a somatic event before the development of these metastases. These findings further support the role of inactivation of the p53 gene in the pathogenesis of lung cancer and indicate the role of intronic point mutation in this process.
Source-pull/load-pull oscillator measurements at microwave/MM wave frequencies (1992)

A six-port reflectometer with variable test port impedance over 2-6 GHz was designed, built, and tested. The potential use of this reflectometer is in large signal characterization of negative resistance devices and oscillators. Experimental source-pull/load-pull measurements on a commercial oscillator (Rieke diagram) were performed using this reflectometer over the entire Smith chart.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>