gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOLD2: Self-supervised Occlusion-aware Line Description and Detection (2021)

Compared to feature point detection and description, detecting and matching line segments offer additional challenges. Yet, line features represent a promising complement to points for multi-view tasks. Lines are indeed well-defined by the image gradient, frequently appear even in poorly textured areas and offer robust structural cues. We thus hereby introduce the first joint detection and description of line segments in a single deep network. Thanks to a self-supervised training, our method does not require any annotated line labels and can therefore generalize to any dataset. Our detector offers repeatable and accurate localization of line segments in images, departing from the wireframe parsing approach. Leveraging the recent progresses in descriptor learning, our proposed line descriptor is highly discriminative, while remaining robust to viewpoint changes and occlusions. We evaluate our approach against previous line detection and description methods on several multi-view datasets created with homographic warps as well as real-world viewpoint changes. Our full pipeline yields higher repeatability, localization accuracy and matching metrics, and thus represents a first step to bridge the gap with learned feature points methods. Code and trained weights are available at https://github.com/cvg/SOLD2.
Protein structural requirements for Ca2+ binding to the light chain of factor X. Studies using isolated intact fragments containing the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid region and/or the epidermal growth factor-like domains (1991)

Coagulation factor X is a multidomain proenzyme of a serine protease. Calcium ions bind to the vitamin K-dependent gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) residues and to a site in the NH2-terminal of two epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. To study structure-function relationships in the NH2-terminal part of factor X and to determine the structure of isolated domains, we have developed methods that allow the subsequent isolation of the first or both EGF-like domains with or without an attached Gla domain from controlled proteolytic digests of the protein. The Ca2(+)-induced changes of the intrinsic protein fluorescence were measured to elucidate whether the isolated fragments retain their native conformation. Changes in the fluorescence caused by Ca2+ binding were found to result from perturbations of the environment of the Trp residue in position 41. Calcium ion binding to the Gla-containing region linked to the NH2-terminal EGF-like domain was identical with that to intact factor X, indicating a native orientation of the ligand binding groups in the fragment. In contrast, the isolated Gla peptide had a lower affinity for Ca2+, suggesting that the NH2-terminal EGF-like domain serves as a scaffold for the folding of the Gla region. Similarly, the presence of the Gla region was found to increase the affinity of the Gla-independent site in the first EGF-like domain for Ca2+. The metal ion-induced resistance against chymotryptic cleavage COOH-terminal of Tyr-44 in intact factor X is similar in the isolated fragment that contains the Gla region linked to one EGF-like domain, indicating a native conformation of the fragment in the presence of Ca2+. Furthermore, the Gla-independent metal ion binding site binds Ca2+ but does not appear to bind Mg2+.
Continuously-Operating Repetitively-Pulsed RMF-FRC Thruster and Power System (2021)

Eagle Harbor Technologies, Inc. (EHT) and the University of Michigan (UM) made the first direct performance measurement of a continuously operating Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) – Field-Reversed Configuration (FRC) Thruster using a standard inverted-pendulum thrust stand in space-like conditions. EHT developed the power system, and UM constructed the RMF-FRC thruster and conducted measurements in their Large Vacuum Test Facility.
Defining the substrate for ventricular tachycardia ablation: The impact of rhythm at the time of mapping (2020)

Rhythm in which mapping is performed has an impact on electrogram characteristics. Whether one rhythm is preferable to map in remains to be determined. However, it is possible defining local signals during normal conduction as well as variable paced rhythms may impart a greater likelihood of elucidating arrhythmogenic substrate.
Modeling, Parameter Identification, and Validation of Reactant and Water Dynamics for a Fuel Cell Stack (2005)

This paper describes a simple two-phase flow dynamic model that predicts the experimentally observed temporal behavior of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack and a methodology to experimentally identify tunable physical parameters. The model equations allow temporal calculation of the species concentrations across the gas diffusion layers, the vapor transport across the membrane, the degree of flooding in the electrodes, and then predict the resulting decay in cell voltage over time. A nonlinear optimization technique is used for the identification of two critical model parameters, namely the membrane water vapor diffusion coefficient and the thickness of the liquid water film covering the fuel cell active area. The calibrated model is validated for a 24 cell, 300 cm2 stack with a supply of pressure regulated pure hydrogen.
Indium Tin Oxide as Catalyst Support for PEM Fuel Cell: RDE and MEA Performance (2015)

High surface area indium tin oxide (ITO) catalyst support materials were synthesized by using co-precipitation method to get uniform and small particle size. Colloidal deposition was used to deposit platinum onto the ITO support. The ITO support demonstrated exceptional electrochemical stability in RDE tests with less than 10% double layer pseudo capacitance loss compared with a 270% change for Vulcan XC-72R carbon under the standard support stability protocol (start-stop). 40%Pt/ITO catalyst showed higher durability than the commercial Pt/C when tested using the support stability protocol. The ECSA change for 40%Pt/ITO was similar to 46%Pt/C (TKK) under catalyst stability protocol (load cycling) but it showed less than 4% ECSA change compared with 40% loss for commercial catalyst under support stability protocol. The baseline mass activities (RDE) for the two catalysts (Pt/ITO and Pt/C) were similar. However, the fuel cell performance in the MEA was very poor for 40%Pt/ITO catalyst and XPS and EDX techniques revealed the formation of indium hydroxide and support degradation upon fuel cell operation, though these modes were not evident upon testing in an RDE.
Laser ionization mass spectrometry (REMPI-TOFMS) for on-line analysis of volatiles in food science: Coffee-roasting and headspace experiments (1998)

Abstract
SECURITY MECHANISMS AND ANALYSIS FOR INSECURE DATA STORAGE AND UNINTENDED DATA LEAKAGE FOR MOBILE APPLICATIONS (2016)

Using one mobile programming language like Objective-C, Swift or Java is challenging enough because of the many things that need to be considered from a security point of view, like the programming language secure guidelines and vulnerabilities. With the introduction of Swift in 2014 itâ€™s now possible to build Swift/Objective-C mobile applications. Building a mobile application using two languages also adds a greater attack surface for hackers because of the need for developers to stay up to date on vulnerabilities on more than one language and operating system.To our best knowledge, since as of today, there is no academic-research based effort comparing Swift, Objective-C and Android from a programming language and platform security point of view. Our comparative analysis covers a subset of OWASP top ten mobile vulnerabilities and seeing how Swift, Objective-C and Android programming languages safeguard against these risks and how the built-in platform security mechanisms for Android and Apple for the chosen subset of OWASP vulnerabilities compare when placed side-by-side.
Metallic, but Not Superconducting, La-Ba (and La-Sr) Copper Oxides (1988)

New measurements are reported on three La-Ba (and La-Sr) copper-oxide compounds, including one new compound. These materials have metallic conductivities, comparable to those of the high-${T}_{c}$ copper oxides in the normal state, but they are not superconducting down to 5 K. Their magnetic susceptibility and structural features are also similar. These data provide a new challenge and test for the numerous theories of high ${T}_{c}$ to account also for its absence in these three closely related materials.
Ribozyme Assays to Quantify the Capping Efficiency of In Vitro-Transcribed mRNA (2022)

The presence of the cap structure on the 5'-end of in vitro-transcribed (IVT) mRNA determines its translation and stability, underpinning its use in therapeutics. Both enzymatic and co-transcriptional capping may lead to incomplete positioning of the cap on newly synthesized RNA molecules. IVT mRNAs are rapidly emerging as novel biologics, including recent vaccines against COVID-19 and vaccine candidates against other infectious diseases, as well as for cancer immunotherapies and protein replacement therapies. Quality control methods necessary for the preclinical and clinical stages of development of these therapeutics are under ongoing development. Here, we described a method to assess the presence of the cap structure of IVT mRNAs. We designed a set of ribozyme assays to specifically cleave IVT mRNAs at a unique position and release 5'-end capped or uncapped cleavage products up to 30 nt long. We purified these products using silica-based columns and visualized/quantified them using denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) or liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Using this technology, we determined the capping efficiencies of IVT mRNAs with different features, which include: Different cap structures, diverse 5' untranslated regions, different nucleoside modifications, and diverse lengths. Taken together, the ribozyme cleavage assays we developed are fast and reliable for the analysis of capping efficiency for research and development purposes, as well as a general quality control for mRNA-based therapeutics.
Synthesis and photochemical reaction of polyarylenesulfonium salts (1999)

A novel class of polyelectrolytes having triphenylsulfonio groups in its main chain was synthesized by the sulfoxide-acid system reaction from the corresponding aryl sulfoxide monomers. The photo-irradiation of ultraviolet light at the π-π* transition band resulted in the selective degradation of the polymer to the corresponding aryl or alkyl sulfide monomer. The photodegradation is accompanied by proton generation, which could be useful for the photoinitiated polymerization of epoxy compounds. The differences between the monomeric and the polymeric sulfonium salts in their photodegradation properties were examined on the basis of kinetics of photodegradation, quantum yields and the conversion in the photoinitiated polymerization of the epoxy monomer. The polymeric sulfonium salts are more effective than the monomeric ones due to larger ε (extinction coefficient) at the irradiation wavelength.
Dynamic analysis of tramcar suspension system (2006)

Suspension system plays an important role in the performance of a vehicle, especially the vehicle handling and ride comfort. The objective of this project is to analyse the passenger ride comfort of a tramcar manufactured by UTM. Numerical analysis was performed on the tramcar suspension system, where the system was modelled and simulated. A full car model was successfully developed, and validated using available experimental data from the work published by other researcher. MATLAB Simulink software was used to simulate the system and obtain the system response. The comfort level was evaluated based on the displacement and acceleration response, considering the bouncing, pitching and rolling factors. The simulation results for tramcar suspension system were then evaluated by comparing them with simulation results for Proton Waja 1.6 and available standards. Based on the evaluation, the conclusion on the tramcar ride comfort was made. It was concluded that the tramcar ride comfort is comparable to the ride comfort of a Proton Waja, and is at an acceptable level. The role of suspension spring stiffness in relation to ride quality was also analysed. From the suspension parameter analysis, it was concluded that the ride comfort of the tramcar can be improved to an optimum level by having the lowest practical spring stiffness value. The tramcar suspension spring stiffness was said to be already in the region of the lowest practical value in the sense of avoiding a very low natural frequency assimilated to motion sickness. Some suggestions have been made at the end of the report for possible improvement or extension to this study.
Genome-wide identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exported proteins using a consensus computational strategy combined with a laboratory-based PhoA fusion screen (2005)

The Gram-negative pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes multiple protein export systems, the substrates of which contain export signals such as N-terminal signal peptides. Here we report the first genome-wide computational and laboratory screen for N-terminal signal peptides in this important opportunistic pathogen. The computational identification of signal peptides was based on a consensus between multiple predictive tools and showed that 38% of the P. aeruginosa PAO1 proteome was predicted to encode exported proteins, most of which utilize cleavable type I signal peptides or uncleavable transmembrane helices. In addition, known and novel lipoproteins (type II), twin arginine transporter (TAT), and prepilin peptidase substrates (type IV) were also identified. A laboratory-based screen using the alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) fusion method was then used to test our predictions. In total, 310 nonredundant PhoA fusions were successfully identified, 296 of which possess a predicted export signal. Analysis of the PhoA fusion proteins lacking an export signal revealed that three proteins have alternate translation start sites that encode signal peptides, two proteins may use an unknown export signal, and the remaining nine proteins are likely cytoplasmic proteins and represent false positives associated with the PhoA screen. Our approach to identify exported proteins illustrates how computational and laboratory-based methods are complementary, where computational analyses provide a large number of accurate predictions while laboratory methods both confirm predictions and reveal unique cases meriting further analysis.
39.4: Highly Efficient Fluorescent Blue OLEDs with Efficiency‐enhancement Layer (2010)

Abstract We found a new device structure which has an efficiency‐ enhancement layer between emitting layer and electron transporting layer. We applied the structure to a pure blue fluorescent device with a CIE1931 coordinate of (0.14, 0.12) and successfully obtained very high EQE of over 10% with low driving voltage of 3.7 V at 10 mA/cm 2 and long lifetime of 10,000 hrs at an initial luminance of 1,000 cd/m 2 . Results of transient EL measurements indicated the contribution of triplet excitons to the high EQE.
Hydrogen Storage in Pd Nanodisks Characterized with a Novel Nanoplasmonic Sensing Scheme (2007)

A novel nanoplasmonic sensing scheme is introduced based on remote real-time detection of induced electronic and shape/structural changes in a metal nanoparticle during the metal-hydride formation process. The localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of the nanoparticle is utilized as signal transducer for optical readout. As a model system, hydrogen storage through metal-hydride formation is studied in Pd nanodisks. The experimentally obtained plasmonic response to hydrogen uptake yields pressure-LSPR-response isotherms. These isotherms are found to obey Sievert's law in the low-pressure range and exhibit a characteristic "plateau" at 18 Torr upon hydrogen charging and 7.5 Torr upon hydrogen discharging. An additional experiment also clearly shows the typical temperature dependence of the plateau pressure. Conversion of the LSPR signal to absolute hydrogen concentration, based on a proposed linear dependence of the LSPR response to hydrogen uptake, results in p-C isotherms in excellent agreement with those in the literature. This puts forward that the LSPR response is an extremely sensitive, remote, and real-time probe for "bulk" changes in a metal nanoparticle and can readily be used to study processes such as metal-hydride formation for hydrogen storage applications, alloying on the nanoscale, thermal reshaping, and so forth.
Seismic near-surface investigations at the InSight landing site (2023)

Summary NASA’s InSight mission was the first mission to install a geophysical observatory on Mars, including a seismometer that allowed us to investigate the shallow subsurface with seismic techniques. To date, the seismic investigations of the subsurface at the InSight landing site included the analysis of the traveltimes of seismic waves emitted during the hammering of the heat probe, the compliance inversion of atmospheric pressure signals, and the inversion of frequency-dependent Rayleigh wave ellipticity from ambient vibrations. These results allowed us to establish a near-surface model consisting of a very low-velocity (vp ≃120 m/s; vs ≃ 60 m/s) layer at the top interpreted as low-density, high-porosity impact-fragmented regolith of sand-sized particles. Seismic velocities increase in the topmost metres with a boundary at a few meters depth, where the regolith transitions into fragmented basaltic lava. Seismic S-wave velocities &gt;700 m/s below around 20 m depth are interpreted as shallow high-velocity Amazonian age basalt flows. A low-velocity (vs &lt;500 m/s) zone at 30–75 m depth was associated with a sedimentary layer laying above older Amazonian or Hesperian age basalt flows with vs &gt;1’500 m/s. A deep sedimentary layer has been proposed at around 175 m depth.
Phase behaviors and supra-molecular structures of a series of symmetrically tapered bisamides (2006)

A series of symmetrically tapered 1,4-bis[3,4,5-tris(alkan-1-yloxy)benzamido] benzene bisamides (CPhBA, where is the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chains, = 10, 12 and 16), was synthesized in order to investigate the effect of alkyl chain length on supra-molecular ordered structures induced by hydrogen (H)-bonding and micro-phase separation. These bisamides consist of a rigid aromatic bisamide core with three flexible alkyl chains at each end of the core. Major phase transitions and their origins in CPhBA bisamides were studied with differential scanning calorimetry, one-dimensional (1D) wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), infrared spectroscopy, and solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The structures of these compounds in different phases were identified using 2D WAXD from oriented samples and were also confirmed by selected area electron diffractions in transmission electron microscopy from stacked single crystals and by computer simulations. All of the CPhBA bisamides in this series formed a highly ordered oblique columnar () phase and a low-ordered oblique columnar () phase, similar to a recent report on C14PhBA. The two main driving forces in the formation of these two supra-molecular columnar structures were identified: One was the H-bond formation between N-H and C[double bond, length as m-dash]O groups, and the other was the micro-phase separation between the bisamide cores and the alkyl chains. With increasing the length of alkyl tails, the isotropization temperature decreased, while the disordering temperature of the alkyl tails increased. The 2D lattice structures perpendicular to the columnar axis also increasingly deviated from the pseudo-hexagonal packing with increasing the alkyl tail length. However, the alkyl tail length did not have a significant influence on the packing along the columnar axis direction. Utilizing polarized optical microscopy, the phase identifications were also supported by the observation of texture changes and molecular arrangements inside of the micro-sized domains.
Encapsulation of Upconversion Nanoparticles in Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (2019)

(1) Background: Nanomedicine has recently emerged as a promising field, particularly for cancer theranostics. In this context, nanoparticles designed for imaging and therapeutic applications are of interest. We, therefore, studied the encapsulation of upconverting nanoparticles in mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles. Indeed, mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles have been shown to be very efficient for drug delivery, and upconverting nanoparticles are interesting for near-infrared and X-ray computed tomography imaging, depending on the matrix used. (2) Methods: Two different upconverting-based nanoparticles were synthesized with Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup> as the upconverting system and NaYF<sub>4</sub> or BaLuF<sub>5</sub> as the matrix. The encapsulation of these nanoparticles was studied through the sol-gel procedure with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene and bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane in the presence of CTAB. (3) Results: with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene, BaLuF<sub>5</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup>, nanoparticles were not encapsulated, but anchored on the surface of the obtained mesoporous nanorods BaLuF<sub>5</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup>@Ethylene. With bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, BaLuF<sub>5</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup> and NaYF<sub>4</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup>nanoparticles were encapsulated in the mesoporous cubic structure leading to BaLuF<sub>5</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup>@Ethane and NaYF<sub>4</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup>@Ethane, respectively. (4) Conclusions: upconversion nanoparticles were located on the surface of mesoporous nanorods obtained by hydrolysis polycondensation of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethylene, whereas encapsulation occurred with bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane. The later nanoparticles NaYF<sub>4</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup>@Ethane or BaLuF<sub>5</sub>: Yb<sup>3+</sup>-Er<sup>3+</sup>@Ethane were promising for applications with cancer cell imaging or X-ray-computed tomography respectively.
Bovine veneral vibriosis: antigenic variation of the bacterium during infection (1975)

Host parasite relationships in the female genital tract were studied in bovine venereal vibriosis by investigating agglutinin production and alterations in superficial antigens of the bacterium during the course of infection in two heifers. Cervicovaginal mucus (CVM) steamed cell agglutinins were shown to appear earlier and remain at consistently higher levels than whole-cell agglutinins. Whole-cell agglutinin titers fluctuated much more than steamed cell titers, suggesting possible changes in whole-cell antigens. Marked antigenic variation was demonstrated in successive monthly CVM isolates from the two heifers by agglutination tests with rabbit antisera of various specificities. Some changes in CVM antibody specificity during the infection were noted also. Antigenic variation in the bacterium was proposed as a mechanism for maintenance of the asymptomatic cervicovaginal carrier state in the presence of antibody.
Easy Access to Novel Substituted 6‐Aminoimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines Using Palladium‐ and Copper‐Catalyzed Aminations. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl-Substituted Aryl Bromides and Their Purification Over Fluorous Reverse Phase Silica (1998)

perfluorinated compounds - copper-catalyzed C-C coupling - fluorous reverse phase silica - catalysis - ligands