gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional v-trough solar concentrator embedding a diffuser enabling high concentration ratio and uniform cell illumination (2022)

V-trough concentrators are usually implemented in low-concentration ratios photovoltaics for its low-cost and ease of manufacturing. The three-dimensional (3-D) configuration using four mirrors offers higher effective concentration ratios than the conventional two-dimensional v-trough concentrators. However, the skew rays hitting the photovoltaic cell in the 3-D case leads to an increase in the intensity non-uniformity and the formation of hot spots. One method to smooth incident rays on a receiver aperture is to add a diffuser in the light path such that the light incident on a diffuser is scattered in all directions following Lambertian distribution. In this work, we present a compound concentrator based on 3-D v-trough embedding a transmission diffuser to improve the illumination uniformity and reduce the hot spots. A concentrator with input and output apertures of 7.5 cm and 5 cm, respectively, and a length of 4.8 cm is proposed. Using ray tracing, the optimal position of diffuser inside the concentrator was located at a distance of 4 cm from the input aperture. The tilting angle effect on the effective concentration and the illumination non-uniformity were analyzed. The illumination nonuniformity is decreased by 33 %, while the effective concentration ratio is decreased by 17 %. The structure was realized using low-cost commercial flat mirror segments and tracing paper diffuser and was used for solar collection in a normal incidence case. The illumination profile of the cell was recorded before and after installing the diffuser showing an improvement of 41 % in non-uniformity and reduction in the effective concentration by 22 % only.
Influence of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-associated Antigen 4 (CTLA4) Common Polymorphisms on Outcome in Treatment of Melanoma Patients With CTLA-4 Blockade (2008)

Blockade of the cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), a down-regulator of T-cell activation, can cause cancer regression in patients with metastatic melanoma. However, not all patients respond well to the therapy and some develop severe autoimmune reactions. We hypothesized that common genetic variation in the CTLA4 gene could contribute to response to CTLA-4 blockade and the occurrence of autoimmune reactions. We investigated 7 common single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs, (rs733618, rs4553808, rs11571317, rs5742909, rs231775, rs3087243, and rs7565213) in 152 white melanoma patients who received CTLA-4 blockade. Three SNPs were associated with response to therapy: proximal promoter SNPs, rs4553808 [P=0.002; odds ratio (OR) 3.39; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.62-7.10] and rs11571327 (P=0.02; OR 2.89; 95% CI, 1.23-6.83) and the nonsynonymous SNP rs231775 (Thr17Ala, P=0.009; OR 0.39; 95% CI, 0.18-0.82). A haplotype analysis including the 7 SNPs suggested that the common haplotype, TACCGGG could be associated with no response (P=0.02) whereas the haplotype TGCCAGG (P=0.06; OR 4.13; 95% CI, 1.17-14.5) could be associated with response to the treatment. No significant association was observed for occurrence of severe autoimmune reactions (grade III/IV) either by single SNP or haplotype analyses. Our results suggest that genetic variation in CTLA4 could influence response to CTLA-4 blockade therapy in metastatic melanoma patients, but further studies are necessary to confirm the observed associations.
Reliable outcomes and survivorship of primary total knee arthroplasty for osteonecrosis of the knee (2019)

Contemporary cemented TKAs with selective stem utilization for osteonecrosis resulted in durable survivorship, a low complication rate, and reliable improvement in clinical outcomes. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2019;101-B:1356-1361.
Differential evolution and transfer matrix simulations for designing high performance broadband near-IR to longwave-IR optical coatings (2022)

Broadband and omnidirectional anti-reflection coatings, Distributed Bragg Reflectors (DBR), and optical bandpass filter coatings in the 3-5 &mu;m and 1-12 &mu;m IR ranges are of crucial importance in the design of high-efficiency MWIR / LWIR detectors, Thermophotovoltaic devices, and IR imaging systems. We discuss a novel inverse design approach to multilayer optical coatings by a Transfer Matrix Method simulation and optimization algorithm. This algorithm iteratively simulates a multilayer structure's reflection and transmission characteristics by the Transfer Matrix Method and updates layer thicknesses to optimize a performance metric – whether reflection, transmission, or filter performance – over a given band and range of angles of incidence. The optimization procedure provides a systematic, computational approach to designing optical coatings with desired reflection, transmission, and absorption characteristics over wavelength bands and angles of incidence of interest in an application. We show that Distributed Bragg Reflectors and Anti-reflection coatings generated by the algorithm outperform conventional quarter-wavelength layer coatings over broadband MWIR and LWIR ranges and angles of incidence as high as 70 degrees, while reducing total component thickness significantly – a major benefit when fabricating optical coatings on semiconducting substrates directly. We also discuss how the approach can be extended to sharp-cutoff broadband bandpass filter design.
Healthy Aging Biomarkers: The INSPIRE's Contribution (2021)

The find solutions for optimizing healthy aging and increase health span is one of the main challenges for our society. A novel healthcare model based on integration and a shift on research and care towards the maintenance of optimal functional levels are now seen as priorities by the WHO. To address this issue, an integrative global strategy mixing longitudinal and experimental cohorts with an innovative transverse understanding of physiological functioning is missing. While the current approach to the biology of aging is mainly focused on parenchymal cells, we propose that age-related loss of function is largely determined by three elements which constitute the general ground supporting the different specific parenchyma: i.e. the stroma, the immune system and metabolism. Such strategy that is implemented in INSPIRE projects can strongly help to find a composite biomarker capable of predicting changes in capacity across the life course with thresholds signalling frailty and care dependence.
Burden, Costs and Causes for Hospitalization in Older Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Nationally Representative Cohort Study (2017)

Introduction: Prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in older patients is increasing. Riskbenefit trade-offs of therapy are poorly understood in older patients, who may be at higher risk of extraintestinal, non-IBD complications and treatment complications, rather than IBD complications. We conducted a nationally representative cohort study to estimate and compare burden, costs and causes for hospitalization in older vs. younger patients with IBD. Methods: We constructed a retrospective cohort study using the Nationwide Readmissions Database 2013, to identify patients who had been hospitalized at least once between January-June 2013, with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of IBD and had a follow-up ≥6 months (or until death). Patients were categorized into age categories: 64 (older). We estimated burden of hospitalization as total days spent in hospital per month and costs per month (median with interquartile range, IQR). Causes of hospitalization were classified based on primary discharge diagnoses. Results: We identified 47402 patients with IBD admitted during the exposure period (young [n=13498], middle-age [n=18476], and older [n=15428]). Older patients spent more days in hospital annually (vs. young, median: 7 vs. 5 days) and per month (0.70 [IQR 0.33-1.41] vs. 0.55 [IQR 0.29-1.13], p < 0.01), and higher mortality. Older patients with IBD had higher hospitalization-related costs annually (vs. young, median: $15078 vs. $10070, p < 0.01) and per month ($1587 [IQR 782-3260] vs. $1077 [IQR 556-2308]). There was considerable variability in burden of hospitalization, and older patients in the highest quintile spent 2.7 days/month in hospital (IQR, 2.1-3.8), with costs of $5557/month (IQR 3788-8558). Older patients were more likely to be hospitalized due to serious infections (vs. younger: 15% vs. 8%) and cardiopulmonary complications (19% vs. 2%) causes, rather than IBD-related complications (12% vs. 41%). Older patients were significantly more likely to have preventable admissions (28% vs. 9%). Conclusion: Older patients with IBD have higher burden and costs of hospitalization, than younger patients, mainly attributed to extra-intestinal, non-IBD, or potentially treatment complications, rather than IBD complications. Careful assessment of comparative risks-benefits of different IBD therapies in older patients is warranted to identify the optimal approach.
An Electrophoretic Characterization of the Glucocorticoid Response of the Fu5‐5 Rat Hepatoma Cell Line (1982)

In this study we have further characterized the response of liver-derived cells to glucocorticoid treatment using the rat hepatoma, Fu5-5. Using two-dimensional electrophoresis we have examined changes in the synthetic rates of cytosol proteins following glucocorticoid administration by using [35S]methionine. We have also demonstrated changes in the incorporation of 32P by several cytosol proteins after hormone treatment. One of these changes occurs within 1 h of hormone treatment. We were unable to detect any changes in the nuclear protein content of Fu5-5 cells after glucocorticoid treatment. We then compared the glucocorticoid-regulated changes in cytosol protein synthesis in Fu5-5 cells with those of the H35 rat hepatoma, monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes and the response of rat liver in vivo. This examination revealed that although nearly all of the eighteen hormonally responsive proteins appeared to be present in all of the cells types, only three were responsive to glucocorticoid in more than one system. Moreover, the response patterns were often reversed in different cell types, the same protein being induced in one cell type and repressed in another.
Sepsis From the Gut: The Enteric Habitat of Bacteria That Cause Late-Onset Neonatal Bloodstream Infections (2014)

The neonatal gut harbors sepsis-causing pathogens, but such organisms are not inevitable members of the normal microbiota. Surveillance microbiology, decolonization, and augmented hygiene might prevent dissemination of invasive bacteria between and within premature infants.
Formaldehyde Oxidizing Enzymes and Genetically Modified Yeast Hansenula polymorpha Cells in Monitoring and Removal of Formaldehyde (2011)

Formaldehyde Oxidizing Enzymes and Genetically Modified Yeast Hansenula polymorpha Cells in Monitoring and Removal of Formaldehyde
Dual-Function Polymer–Silver Nanocomposites for Rapid Killing of Microbes and Inhibiting Biofilms (2018)

Polymer-silver nanocomposites have emerged as an integral weapon to combat device-related infections. However, synthesis of the nanocomposites still remains a major challenge that often involves two-step process in which silver nanoparticles are synthesized ex situ. Additionally, polymers used in the nanocomposites are commonly not antimicrobial and biodegradable thus often lack bioactivity and biocompatibility. Herein we report highly active dual-function polymer-silver nanocomposites consisting of an inherently antimicrobial and biodegradable polymer in one-pot. A simple method of in situ reduction of a silver salt was employed to synthesize the silver nanoparticles (5-15 nm) from silver <i>para</i>-toluenesulfonate in which the intrinsically biodegradable and antimicrobial polymer <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl-<i>N</i>-hexadecyl ammonium chitin tosylate acted as reducing as well as stabilizing agent. The nanocomposite with the water-insoluble and organo-soluble polymer was simply painted onto surfaces via facile noncovalent immobilization. Notably, composite-coated surfaces inactivated both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant bacteria including pathogenic fungi at a much faster rate than polymer alone. The composites released active silver ions over an extended period of time and displayed remarkably long-lasting activity. In addition, surfaces coated with composites effectively inhibited both bacterial and fungal biofilm formation. Further, upon coating on catheter, the nanocomposites reduced methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) burden both on catheter (>99.99% reduction) and in tissues surrounding the catheter (>99.999% reduction) in a mice model. These novel nanomaterials that showed negligible hemolysis toward human erythrocytes might be used as safe and effective antimicrobial coatings in biomedical device applications.
Performance of sub-cooled PEMFCs (2010)

Numerical simulations of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell were carried out for various temperatures ranging from well below the freezing temperature of water to a moderate ambient temperature, and also for various inlet temperatures, to investigate its performance. A three-dimensional serpentine flow field was used to determine the cell behavior temperature conditions. The saturation of liquid water was considered for various ambient temperatures in order to obtain realistic estimates of cell performance, with special emphasis placed on sub-cooled temperatures. Results show that both the ambient and the inlet temperature have strong influences on cell performance, although the inlet temperature has much more important influence than the ambient temperature. In addition, liquid water saturation is enhanced at higher inlet temperatures. Moreover, for sub-cooled ambient temperatures the liquid saturation level is higher in the shoulder region near the inlet section than in the outlet section; this trend is reversed for higher ambient temperatures. There is a high probability that operation of the cell at sub-cooled temperatures and higher inlet temperatures will result in the formation of ice throughout the system, which may further degrade the cell performance. The model was validated by comparison of predicted polarization curves with those found in the literature. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the N ‐Arylation of Acetamide Using 2‐, 3‐ and 1’‐Substituted Iodoferrocenes** (2020)

Abstract Various 2‐, 3‐ and 1’‐substituted iodoferrocenes were reacted with acetamide in the presence of copper(I) iodide (1 equiv), N , N’ ‐dimethylethylenediamine (1 equiv), tripotassium phosphate (2 equiv) in dioxane at 90 °C for 14 h, and allowed a large range of original 1,2‐, 1,3‐ and 1,1’‐disubstituted ferrocenes to be obtained. The results were compared as a function of the substituent and its position on the ring. DFT calculations revealed higher activation barrier for the oxidative addition in the ferrocene series when compared with classical planar aromatics. Structure‐property relationships were applied to rationalize the reactivity of the different iodoferrocenes.
ChemInform Abstract: New Mild Methodology for the Synthesis of α‐Phenylthio and . alpha.‐Phenylseleno Ketones. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE METHYLATION OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY AMINES WITH FORMALDEHYDE AND PHOSPHOROUS ACID SALTS (1984)

Abstract Beim Behandeln mit Natriumphosphit und Formaldehyd erhält man aus dem sekundären Amin (I) das Methyl‐Derivat (ll).
Insight into the Mechanism of Inactivation of Ribonucleotide Reductase by Gemcitabine 5′-Diphosphate in the Presence or Absence of Reductant (2009)

Gemcitabine 5'-diphosphate (F(2)CDP) is a potent inhibitor of ribonucleotide reductases (RNRs), enzymes that convert nucleotides (NDPs) to deoxynucleotides and are essential for DNA replication and repair. The Escherichia coli RNR, an alpha2beta2 complex, when incubated with 1 equiv of F(2)CDP catalyzes the release of two fluorides and cytosine concomitant with enzyme inactivation. In the presence of reductant (thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase/NADPH or DTT), the enzyme inactivation results from its covalent labeling of alpha with the sugar of F(2)CDP (one label/alpha2beta2). SDS-PAGE analysis of the inactivated RNR without boiling of the sample reveals that alpha migrates as an 87 and 110 kDa protein in a ratio of 0.6:0.4. When the reductant is omitted, RNR is inactivated by loss of the essential tyrosyl radical and formation of a new radical. Inactivation studies with C225S-alpha in the presence or absence of reductants, reveal it behaves like wt-RNR in the absence of reductant. Inactivated C225S-alpha migrates as an 87 kDa protein and is not covalently modified. C225 is one of the cysteines in RNR's active site that supplies reducing equivalents to make dNDPs. To identify the new radical formed, [1'-(2)H]-F(2)CDP was studied with wt- and C225S-RNR by 9 and 140 GHz EPR spectroscopy. These studies revealed that the new radical is a nucleotide derived with g values of g(x) 2.00738, g(y) 2.00592, and g(z) 2.00230 and with altered hyperfine interactions (apparent triplet collapsed to a doublet) relative to [1'-(1)H]-F(2)CDP. The EPR features are very similar to those we recently reported for the nucleotide radical generated with CDP and E441Q-RNR.
Cerebral blood flow and metabolism during sleep. (1991)

A review of the current literature regarding sleep-induced changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebral metabolic rate (CMR) is presented. Early investigations have led to the notion that dreamless sleep was characterized by global values of CBF and CMR practically at the level of wakefulness, while rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (dream sleep) was a state characterized by a dramatically increased level of CBF and possibly also of CMR. However, recent investigations firmly contradict this notion. Investigations on CBF and CMR performed during non-REM sleep, taking the effect of different levels of sleep into consideration, show that light sleep (stage II) is characterized by global levels of CBF and CMR only slightly reduced by 3-10% below the level associated with wakefulness, whereas CBF and CMR during deep sleep (stage III-IV) is dramatically reduced by 25-44%. Furthermore, recent data indicate that global levels of CBF and CMR are about the same during REM sleep as in wakefulness. On the regional level, deep sleep seems to be associated with a uniform decrease in regional CBF and CMR. Investigations concerning regional CBF and CMR during REM sleep are few but data from recent investigations seem to identify site-specific changes in regional CBF and CMR during REM sleep. CBF and CMR are reflections of cerebral synaptic activity and the magnitude of reduction in these variables associated with deep sleep indicates that overall cerebral synaptic activity is reduced to approximately one-half the level associated with wakefulness, while cerebral synaptic activity levels during REM sleep are similar to wakefulness. However, even though the new understanding of CBF and CMR during sleep provides significant and important information of the brain's mode of working during sleep, it does not at its current state identify the physiological processes involved in sleep or the physiological role of sleep.
Characteristics of Bleustein-Gulyaev-Shimizu Wave Resonators on Ceramics at High Frequencies (1996)

At frequencies above 60 MHz , tuning-free surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators with many reflectors using Rayleigh SAW are generally used. However, Rayleigh SAW resonators for use in the 60–150 MHz range have some disadvantages such as cost. We have already developed a BGS wave resonator, which is being used commercially in the 30–60 MHz range. When we improved the characteristics of BGS wave resonators by using small-particle , poreless ceramic substrates developed for high-frequency BGS waves, we obtained good resonance characteristics up to 160 MHz. We also obtained good characteristics when we tested the resonator in a DECT demodulator circuit.
Corrigendum: Spiking Neural Networks Based on OxRAM Synapses for Real-Time Unsupervised Spike Sorting (2017)

[This corrects the article on p. 474 in vol. 10, PMID: 27857680.].
A hierarchical mechanism for the scalable deployment of services over large programmable and heterogeneous networks (2002)

This paper presents a novel mechanism that enables scalable service deployment over programmable heterogeneous networks. For ease of service deployment, it is expected that network management tools will require the network itself to participate in this task so as to be able to scale to very large number of network elements, with widely varying programmability levels. The type of services considered is very broad, ranging from routing services involving only selected nodes of a network to end-to-end services spanning the entire network. Successive steps of the mechanism to deploy new services into a network automatically are presented. The algorithmic structure of the mechanism described is then illustrated by several examples showing its applicability and complexity.
Abstract 2173: Negative transcriptional regulation of the human type III TGFβ receptor in ccRCC (2011)

Abstract Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for 3% of all malignancies reported each year making it the sixth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Within this year more than 50,000 individuals will be diagnosed with RCC and around 12,000 will die from this disease. Out of these RCCs the most frequently diagnosed form is clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) which accounts for approximately 80% of all RCCs. We have previously identified through genomic profiling that loss of the type II and III TGFβ receptors in the progression of this disease lead to loss of TGFβ responsiveness and suggests a role for dysregulated TGFβ signaling in RCC progression and metastasis. Restoration of the TGFβ receptor type III (TβRIII) leads to apoptosis in RCC cell lines (Margulis et al. 2007) suggesting that re-expression of TβRIII is an attractive method for intervention of ccRCC. Recently we identified that loss of TβRIII is an early event in ccRCC and that this loss is not through epigenetic silencing but due to the loss of transcriptional regulation. The transcription factor GATA3 was identified to be a positive regulator of TβRIII expression through its actions on the proximal promoter of TβRIII. Through deletion analysis we have now identified a region within the proximal promoter that contains a number of putative transcription factor binding sites that are capable of negatively regulating the expression of TβRIII. We have identified that one of these transcription factors is over-expressed in ccRCC patient matched renal tissue samples and that silencing of this transcription factor through lentiviral shRNA, leads to a three fold induction of endogenous TβRIII in ccRCC cell lines. Furthermore, loss of this transcription factor in ccRCC cell lines leads to decreased cell proliferation when compared to non-target infected controls. Further evaluation of these putative negatively regulating transcription factors and their actions upon the proximal promoter of TβRIII are being analyzed utilizing EMSA and ChIP assays. These investigations will identify novel molecular targets that through their dysregulation will have the potential to up-regulate TβRIII in ccRCC inducing apoptosis within these cells. Together these findings will allow for a deeper molecular understanding of the events taking place in ccRCC. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2173. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2173