gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency and risk factors associated to Interstitial Lung Abnormalities (ILA) in asymptomatic older (>60 years) individuals (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Interstitial lungs abnormaliries (ILA) have been indentified by chest computed tomography (CT) scans in around 7% of older asymptomatic individuals. However, its biopathological consequence and long-term outcome is yet unclear. <b>Aim:</b> To determine the prevalence of ILA in a cohort of asymptomatic Mexican subjects older than 60 years and identify genetic and environmental risk factors likely associated. <b>Methods:</b> From a prospective, on going, lung-aging study, we reviewed CT of 410 participants to identify patterns of ILA. It was defined as presence of nondependent ground glass opacities (non-fibrotic ILA) and/or reticular abnormalities (fibrotic ILA) affecting more than 5% of any lung zone. Demographic characteristics, lung function test, common variants rS35705950 from MUC5B and serum levels of klotho, MMP-7 and IL-6 were compared with non-ILA subjects. <b>Results:</b> 25 individuals (6%) were classified as fibrotic ILA, one of them showing combined idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema and two other evolving to early IPF/UIP. Only 4 individuals showed mild decrease of FVC and/or desaturation. Patient with ILA were older (69+6 vs 66+7;p=0.03) often smokers and showed lower DLCO/AV (4.6+1.0 vs 5.6+1.2;p&lt;0.001) and decreased oxygen saturation after exercise. Patients with ILA showed a high frequency of the MUC5B polymorphism (40% vs 6%;OR10.19, CI95% 1.86-56.57, p=0.006) and increased MMP-7. A non-significant trend to increased IL-6 and decreased klotho was observed. <b>Conclusions:</b> We corroborate that a group of older asymptomatic individuals present ILA. Aging, smoking, MUC5B and increased levels of MMP-7 seem to be associated with increased risk.
Project-Based Learning in University Programmes: Getting the Best Out of Formula SAE (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;div class="graphic-wrapper"&gt;&lt;img class="article-figure figure" src="2006-01-1046_fig0001.jpg" alt="No Caption Available"/&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;At Sussex our attempts to introduce Formula SAE were initially slow and the results disappointing. At the same time we were developing and introducing modules in our engineering programmes that were entirely project-based, and in one case, included only e-learning, (with no lectures) after an introductory briefing.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Formula SAE made faltering progress whilst it remained a voluntary activity. Support of a voluntary group by means of individually assessed projects at both undergraduate and masters level simply led to a series of unconnected technologies, although they were to prove of value later.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Project-based activity in engineering had three distinctive characteristics which were to form our approach to Formula SAE: the need for a strong team ethos from the start of the project; an acceptance of the importance of process, and in particular project planning; and strong communication. Once students connected success in their degree programme with a successful car, the project was much livelier. Team morale and provision of sufficient incentives was still needed, since it was technically possible for students to gain a reasonable grade for the project and not complete the car.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Our overall conclusions from this first phase of introduction of project-based learning include:&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; &lt;ul class="list disc"&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;that project-based learning is by no means a universal panacea but is particularly helpful to students in building process skills and applying generic knowledge&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;they are expensive to operate and require more (but less structured) time from faculty members&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li class="list-item"&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;students have a very mixed experience but generally finished ‘on a high’.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Of all the issues we confronted, by far the most difficult is assessment of individuals in teams.&lt;/div&gt;
Enhancing Production in Multizone Wells Utilizing Fracturing Through Coiled Tubing (1999)

Abstract Zonal stimulation using hydraulic Fracturing, which typically was performed through jointed pipe, has recently been performed with Coiled Tubing. In the last two years, over one thousand fracturing treatments in North America have been executed using this method. Coiled Tubing allows a method of stimulating individual, bypassed or marginal zones, using positive zonal placement of proppant. Coiled tubing also gives the advantage of treating a well under pressure without introducing a kill fluid to the formation. In the Appalachians, where multiple small zones exist in one wellbore, this technology can provide significant cost savings by reducing trips to the well, equipment on location, and rig time to move downhole hardware. Coiled tubing fracturing eliminates the need for bridge plugs and allows stimulation of multiple zones in a single trip to the well. Ultimately the size of a stimulation treatment can be re-engineered because of the positive isolation for each specific zone in the wellbore. The overall effect to the producer is greater production at a lower total cost.
Standoff High-Frequency Electromagnetic Induction Response of Unsaturated Sands: A Tank-Scale Feasibility Study (2022)

ABSTRACT Standoff electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements of complex conductivity and complex permittivity for engineering soil properties have the potential to revolutionize the way the US Army handles route planning and infrastructure assessment. An unmanned aerial system (UAS) based EM platform for soil interrogation would have wide reaching impact in a variety of applications including: civil infrastructure inspection, in-theater ingress and egress routing, reduction of false positives in IED detection, and permafrost mapping, among many others. Traditional frequency domain EMI instruments assess conductivity at low-frequencies, generally in the range of 1–20 kHz; however, recent advancements have resulted in instrumentation targeting a broadband range of frequencies, from 10 kHz through 20 MHz. This advancement, known as high-frequency electromagnetic induction (HFEMI) allows the potential to evaluate frequency domain relaxation effects in soils by acquiring both the in phase and quadrature response of the secondary field from the soil. Relaxation phenomena such as induced polarization and dielectric permittivity are related to important soil properties that can potentially be exploited using this HFEMI system. While conductivity measurements using the quadrature component of the EMI response are well established in EMI instrumentation, understanding of the relationship between direct electrical measurements and standoff HFEMI measurements is lacking. In an effort to illuminate this relationship between various electrical and electromagnetic methods at a scale suitable for soil property estimation, we perform side-by-side measurements using galvanic geoelectrical methods (ERT, IP), electromagnetics, time-domain reflectometry (TDR) and ground penetrating radar (GPR). We compare HFEMI obtained quadrature and in-phase responses to ERT, IP, TDR and GPR measurements. A tank-scale test cell was developed for comparison of the above methods and allowed assessment of sand at varying saturation levels. Further, the HFEMI response at varying heights above the sand surface was also assessed. Qualitative observations are reported in an initial attempt to relate the HFEMI response to important soil parameters.
Survey of Analysis of Crime Detection Techniques Using Data Mining and Machine Learning (2018)

Data mining is the field containing procedures for finding designs or patterns in a huge dataset, it includes strategies at the convergence of machine learning and database framework. It can be applied to various fields like future healthcare, market basket analysis, education, manufacturing engineering, crime investigation etc. Among these, crime investigation is an interesting application to process crime characteristics to help the society for a better living. This paper survey various data mining techniques used in this domain. This study may be helpful in designing new strategies for crime prediction and analysis.
Polymer flow length simulation during injection mold filling (1997)

Abstract The maximum flow length of a polymer for a given set of processing conditions is important in injection molding to avoid incomplete mold filling. Experimental analysis, using various processing conditions, can generate the actual influence of processing conditions on the maximum flow length. However, the experimental determination of the flow length for all known industrial polymers would be time consuming and expensive. A non‐Newtonian, nonisothermal model of mold filling was developed to evaluate the flow length without requiring large amounts of computation time. The model implements the use of both a temperature and shear rate–dependent viscosity as well as viscous heating. This paper presents the model and its numerical implementation, followed by simulation results. The model is compared with other simulation programs and experimental results using both an amorphous Styron 484‐27 polystyrene and a semicrystalline 640I polyethylene in a spiral mold geometry. Good agreement between the three is observed.
4D microscope-integrated OCT improves accuracy of ophthalmic surgical maneuvers (2016)

Ophthalmic surgeons manipulate micron-scale tissues using stereopsis through an operating microscope and instrument shadowing for depth perception. While ophthalmic microsurgery has benefitted from rapid advances in instrumentation and techniques, the basic principles of the stereo operating microscope have not changed since the 1930’s. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has revolutionized ophthalmic imaging and is now the gold standard for preoperative and postoperative evaluation of most retinal and many corneal procedures. We and others have developed initial microscope-integrated OCT (MIOCT) systems for concurrent OCT and operating microscope imaging, but these are limited to 2D real-time imaging and require offline post-processing for 3D rendering and visualization. Our previously presented 4D MIOCT system can record and display the 3D surgical field stereoscopically through the microscope oculars using a dual-channel heads-up display (HUD) at up to 10 micron-scale volumes per second. In this work, we show that 4D MIOCT guidance improves the accuracy of depth-based microsurgical maneuvers (with statistical significance) in mock surgery trials in a wet lab environment. Additionally, 4D MIOCT was successfully performed in 38/45 (84%) posterior and 14/14 (100%) anterior eye human surgeries, and revealed previously unrecognized lesions that were invisible through the operating microscope. These lesions, such as residual and potentially damaging retinal deformation during pathologic membrane peeling, were visualized in real-time by the surgeon. Our integrated system provides an enhanced 4D surgical visualization platform that can improve current ophthalmic surgical practice and may help develop and refine future microsurgical techniques.
SEROLOGICALLY DEMONSTRABLE ALLOANTIGENS OF MOUSE EPIDERMAL CELLS (1972)

Single cells were prepared from mouse tail epidermis by a method which gives high viability counts and so permits their use in cytotoxicity tests. According to tests with standard alloantisera, the antigen phenotype of mouse epidermal cells is H-2(+)theta(+)Sk(+)H-Y(+)TL(-)Ly-A(-)Ly-B,C(-)PC(-). The skin differentiation alloantigen Sk, which is responsible for homograft reactions directed selectively against skin, is expressed also on brain, but not on other cell types; it is present on the transplanted neuroblastoma C1300. Cytotoxicity tests with epidermal cells of H-2 congenic mouse stocks confirm that the Sk locus is not closely linked to H-2. The lymphoid cell differentiation antigen theta also is present on both epidermal cells and brain. Mice frequently retain theta-incompatible or Sk-incompatible skin grafts although they have formed substantial titers of theta or Sk antibody in response to grafting. Male (H-Y) antigen is demonstrable on epidermal cells by cytotoxicity tests with H-Y antibody, as it is also on one other type of cell, spermatozoa.
COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS PRESENTING AS TESTICULAR MASS (2001)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Case Reports1 Oct 2001COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS PRESENTING AS TESTICULAR MASS JOSEPH C. LIAO and ROBERT E. REITER JOSEPH C. LIAOJOSEPH C. LIAO More articles by this author and ROBERT E. REITERROBERT E. REITER More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65785-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS PRESENTING AS TESTICULAR MASS." The Journal of Urology, 166(4), p. 1396 References 1 : Fungal infections of the genitourinary system: manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment. Urol Clin North Am1999; 26: 701. Google Scholar 2 : Genitourinary coccidioidomycosis. J Urol1988; 140: 370. Link, Google Scholar 3 : Genitourinary aspects of disseminated coccidioidomycosis. J Urol1975; 113: 82. Link, Google Scholar From the Department of Urology, University California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California© 2001 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 166Issue 4October 2001Page: 1396 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2001 by American Urological Association, Inc.KeywordscoccidioidomycosisabnormalitiestestisMetricsAuthor Information JOSEPH C. LIAO More articles by this author ROBERT E. REITER More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
The Public Faces of Harold Nicolson: The Thirties (1982)

Harold Nicolson's diverse entanglements with British party politics in the 1930's were characterized by a peculiar vacillation. Despite Vita Sackville-West's advocacy of the superiority of "private life," Nicolson was driven into the political arena by his ambition to become a "public face," and his ambivalence sheds light on the political complexities of the decade.
Widely-tunable mid-IR frequency comb source based on difference\n frequency generation (2012)

We report on a mid-infrared frequency comb source of unprecedented tunability\ncovering the entire 3-10 {\\mu}m molecular fingerprint region. The system is\nbased on difference frequency generation in a GaSe crystal pumped by a 151 MHz\nYb:fiber frequency comb. The process was seeded with Raman shifted solitons\ngenerated in a highly nonlinear suspended-core fiber with the same source.\nAverage powers up to 1.5 mW were achieved at 4.7 {\\mu}m wavelength.\n
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Antiviral Activity of α‐Nucleosides: D‐ and L‐Isomers of Lyxofuranosyl‐ and (5‐Deoxylyxofuranosyl)benzimidazoles. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Music Structure Analysis Using a Probabilistic Fitness Measure and a Greedy Search Algorithm (2009)

This paper proposes a method for recovering the sectional form of a musical piece from an acoustic signal. The description of form consists of a segmentation of the piece into musical parts, grouping of the segments representing the same part, and assigning musically meaningful labels, such as ldquochorusrdquo or ldquoverse,rdquo to the groups. The method uses a fitness function for the descriptions to select the one with the highest match with the acoustic properties of the input piece. Different aspects of the input signal are described with three acoustic features: mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, chroma, and rhythmogram. The features are used to estimate the probability that two segments in the description are repeats of each other, and the probabilities are used to determine the total fitness of the description. Creating the candidate descriptions is a combinatorial problem and a novel greedy algorithm constructing descriptions gradually is proposed to solve it. The group labeling utilizes a musicological model consisting of N-grams. The proposed method is evaluated on three data sets of musical pieces with manually annotated ground truth. The evaluations show that the proposed method is able to recover the structural description more accurately than the state-of-the-art reference method.
Virus genomes reveal the factors that spread and sustained the West African Ebola epidemic (2016)

Summary The 2013-2016 epidemic of Ebola virus disease in West Africa was of unprecedented magnitude, duration and impact. Extensive collaborative sequencing projects have produced a large collection of over 1600 Ebola virus genomes, representing over 5% of known cases, unmatched for any single human epidemic. In this comprehensive analysis of this entire dataset, we reconstruct in detail the history of migration, proliferation and decline of Ebola virus throughout the region. We test the association of geography, climate, administrative boundaries, demography and culture with viral movement among 56 administrative regions. Our results show that during the outbreak viral lineages moved according to a classic ‘gravity’ model, with more intense migration between larger and more proximate population centers. Notably, we find that despite a strong attenuation of international dispersal after border closures, localized cross-border transmission beforehand had already set the seeds for an international epidemic, rendering these measures relatively ineffective in curbing the epidemic. We use this empirical evidence to address why the epidemic did not spread into neighboring countries, showing that although these regions were susceptible to developing significant outbreaks, they were also at lower risk of viral introductions. Finally, viral genome sequence data uniquely reveals this large epidemic to be a heterogeneous and spatially dissociated collection of transmission clusters of varying size, duration and connectivity. These insights will help inform approaches to intervention in such epidemics in the future.
Relationships of Beta2- and Beta3--Adrenoceptor Polymorphisms with Obesity, Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome (2010)

Obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (especially type 2 diabetes mellitus) and metabolic syndrome are rapidly growing public health problems. Heightened sympathetic nerve activity is a well-established observation in obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Human obesity, hypertension and diabetes have strong genetic as well as environmental determinants. Reduced energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate are predictive of weight gain, and the sympathetic nervous system participates in regulating energy balance through thermogenesis. The thermogenic effects of catecholamines in obesity have been mainly mediated via the β2 and β3-adrenergic receptors in humans. Further, β2-adrenoceptors importantly influence vascular reactivity and may regulate blood pressure. Genetic polymorphisms of the β-adrenoceptor gene have been shown to alter the function of several adrenoceptor subtype and thus to modify the response to catecholamine. Among β2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms, Arg16Gly, Gln27Glu, and Thr164Ile are considered the most functionally important. β2-adrenoceptor genes have been studied in relation to obesity. Genetic variations in the β3-adrenoceptor, such as the Try64Arg variant, are also associated with both obesity and hypertension. However, the precise relationships of the polymorphisms of β2- and β3-adrenoceptor genes with sympathetic nervous system activity, obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome have not been fully clarified. A few studies regarding the relationships between sympathetic nervous activity and adrenoceptor polymorphisms in the same studies have been reported. Masuo et al. have observed in a series of studies in a Japanese male cohort that: 1) β2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms are associated with heightened sympathetic nerve activity, and predict the future onset of obesity and hypertension in nonobese individuals, 2) β2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms accompanied by heightened sympathetic nerve activity and abdominal obesity, predict weight loss resistance during a weight loss program, and also predict rebound weight gain, 3) β2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms are linked to blunted leptin-mediated sympathetic nerve activation, leptin-resistance and resultant obesity, 4) β2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms are related to insulin-resistance, in both nonobese and obese normotensive individuals, and 5) β3-adrenoceptor polymorphism is directly linked to obesity and hypertension, but only in obese individuals. These suggest that β2- and β3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms accompanying heightened sympathetic nerve activity play a major role in the onset and the maintenance of obesity, hypertension and insulin resistance. This article provides the current topics involving the influence of the sympathetic nervous system and β2- and β3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms in obesity, hypertension and metabolic syndrome (type 2 diabetes). Keywords: Beta2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms, beta3-adrenoceptor polymorphisms, sympathetic nervous system activity, obesity, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome
Alternating current thin-film electroluminescence of GaN:Er (2000)

Thin-film electroluminescence has been obtained from GaN:Er deposited directly on amorphous dielectric layers. Electroluminescent device (ELD) structures consisting of metal/dielectric/GaN:Er/dielectric were fabricated on p+-Si substrates. In contrast to previous GaN:Er ELDs which used epitaxial growth conditions on crystalline substrates and were operated under direct current bias, these ELDs were operated under alternating current bias. Under bias conditions of 170 peak voltage (Vp) and frequencies of 10 and 100 kHz, the ELDs exhibit a luminance of 50 and 300 cd/m2, respectively. The emission spectra, which originate from Er3+ 4f–4f transitions, consist of dominant green emission at ∼537/558 nm accompanied by violet (415 nm) and infrared (1.5 μm) peaks. The violet emission peak indicates that hot carriers can gain up to ∼3 eV energy for a Vp corresponding to 1.5 MV/cm applied field. The emitted intensity initially increases linearly with frequency, followed by a trend towards saturation. The frequency for 3 dB reduction from the linear relation is at ∼65 kHz for the visible emission and ∼8 kHz for the infrared emission.
Acknowledgements (2009)

This paper was the result of my studies with the (then) Institut universitaire de hautes études internationales (HEI) in Geneva (now The Graduate Institute) and was submitted as the mémoire for a Diplôme des Etudes Approfondie (D.E.A.) in international law. I would like to thank those at HEI whose enthusiasm and belief in international law as a means to achieve peace and security in this world have provided me with much inspiration. In particular, I would like to thank Professor Andrea Bianch...