gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Chemoselective O-Ethylation of N-Boc Amino Alcohols Using Phase Transfer Catalysis (2014)

A practical, highly selective O-ethylation method of N-Boc amino alcohols under phase-transfer catalyzed conditions is described. The O-ethylation was accomplished in heptanes or toluene using 50% aqueous sodium hydroxide as the base in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst, tetrabutylammonium chloride. This method exclusively afforded the O-ethylated products in good yields.
An All-Fiber Optical Faraday Mirror (2010)

An all-fiber optical Faraday mirror is demonstrated. It consists of a fiber Faraday rotator (56-wt% terbium-doped fiber) and a fiber Bragg grating. The polarization state of the reflected light is rotated 89°±2°.
THE CHALLENGES OF APPLYING KANO'S METHOD TO FOOTWEAR DESIGN (2006)

The objective of this study was to investigate the challenges of applying Kano's method to the aesthetic design of leather shoes. Seventeen Mainland Chinese participated in the study where forty customer requirements were evaluated. The major issues in relation to eliciting the design parameters are discussed in this paper.
Effect of Halide and Acid Additives on the Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide using Supported Gold–Palladium Catalysts (2009)

The effect of halide and acid addition on the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide is studied for magnesium oxide- and carbon-supported bimetallic gold-palladium catalysts. The addition of acids decreases the hydrogenation/decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, and the effect is particularly pronounced for the magnesium oxide-supported catalysts whilst for carbon-supported catalysts the pH requires close control to optimize hydrogen peroxide synthesis. The addition of bromide leads to a marked decrease in the hydrogenation/decomposition of hydrogen peroxide with either catalyst. These effects are discussed in terms of the structure of the gold-palladium alloy nanoparticles and the isoelectric point of the support. We conclude that with the highly active carbon-supported gold-palladium catalysts these additives are not required and that therefore this system presents the potential for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide to be operated using green process technology.
1219Comparison of procedural endpoints for ablation of post-myocardial infarction ventricular tachycardia (2017)

current ablation (DCA) was used in 6%, radiofrequency followed by DCA in 29% and radiofrequency alone in 65%.Results: Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction was present in 35% and left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in 21%.Mean number of clinical and induced MVTs were 1 and 2, respectively.Mean rate was 225695 bpm.Macro-reentry around RV surgical scars was the VT mechanism in every case.Electro-anatomical mapping (EAM) systems were used in 35% of the procedures.Ablation targeted a single site (range 1-2), which was the RV outflow tract in 85%.The VT critical isthmus was located between RVOT and tricuspid annulus in 50% of the procedures guided by EAM.Primary success defined as VT termination during CA and final non-inducibility was obtained in 82%.Seven patients (21%) required early redo ablation in the first 3-months (before 2004, DCA).Mean follow-up time was 9.565.2years.There were 2 SCDs and 4 VT recurrences.Freedom from death and arrhythmia recurrence was 94%, 81% and 70% at 5, 10 and 20 follow-up years, respectively (figure A).Survival was 91% at 20 years (figure B).Baseline LV ejection fraction (LVEF)<60% was significantly associated with VT recurrence (HR¼16.4;95% confidence interval, 1.8-147, P¼0.01) (figure C).RV systolic function, age at surgical repair and QRS-complex duration did not predict VT recurrence.Conclusions: CA of MVT in rTOF is safe and provides good long-term results.Patients with altered LVEF have an adverse outcome following CA and should benefit from ICD implantation.CA could be an alternative to ICD in patients with preserved LVEF.
Feasibility study of full-duplex relaying in satellite networks (2015)

With the successful implementation of full-duplex radio prototypes, traditional orthogonal half-duplex communications is deemed to be inefficient in certain terrestrial applications. While full-duplex techniques are gaining interest in terrestrial communications, thanks to the trend of short-distance and low-power transmissions, their application to satellite communications has drawn little attention. Motivated by this, the paper explores the use of the full-duplex relaying operation on-board the satellite in a DVB-S2 compliant network. Self-interference, whose management is the key component of a full-duplex communication, is the focus of study in this paper. Modelling the effects of self-interference and power amplifier nonlinearities on the quality of the received signal in undertaken. Subsequently, closed-form expressions for the various interference components are derived. The numerical evaluations of derived expressions rely on realistic link budgets and indicate substantial gains in spectral efficiency when self-interference can be well calibrated and measured. This confirms that the satellite full-duplex communications could be a promising solution for the efficient use of satellite spectrum, at least from a technical point of view.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical and Enantiospecific Synthesis of LY303870, a Novel NK‐1 Antagonist. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Yule-Nielsen based recto-verso color halftone transmittance prediction model (2011)

International audience
Interfacial Resistivity of Yttria Stabilized Zirconia in Operating Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2008)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used to characterize the lateral impedance across the surface of polycrystalline yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolytes in functioning solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Experiments varied the applied overpotential of an electrolyte supported, membrane electrode assembly (MEA) operating with (dry) H2 at 775åC and then measured the impedance between two conducting element located on the anode surface. The conducting elements consisted of either porous Au or a porous Ni/YSZ cermet and the distance between elements varied between 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm. Reduced YSZ surfaces (at OCV) showed lower lateral impedance compared to the lateral impedance of a polarized cell. The largest polarization resistances were measured for SOFCs operating steady state at higher cell potentials. Making several assumptions about the extent to which YSZ is reduced by molecular H2, one can estimate a lateral YSZ resistivity of ~10-3-10-4 Ω•cm.
Concanavalin A-induced posterior subcapsular cataract: a new model of cataractogenesis. (1993)

This experimental model was the first to demonstrate the development of posterior subcapsular cataracts after Con-A induced inflammation. The cataract was clinically and histologically similar to human posterior subscapular cataracts.
A Battery of Monoclonal Antibodies That Induce Unique Conformations to Evolve Cryptic but Constitutive Functions of Plasminogen (1997)

Two groups of anti-plasminogen monoclonal antibodies, whose epitope was either in the kringle 1 + 2 + 3 domain (F3P2, F11P5, F11P6, and F12P18) or the kringle 5 domain (F1P6 and F12P16), were isolated and their effects on the conformation of plasminogen were explored. All antibodies except F1P6 had 3- to 10-fold higher affinity toward Lys-plasminogen than Glu-plasminogen. F1P6 exhibited a comparable affinity to Glu- and Lys-plasminogen. Among these, only F11P5 binding was inhibited by epsilon-amino-nu-caproic acid (EACA) in a concentration-dependent manner, with half maximal inhibition at 3 mM. From a competition assay, we concluded that the epitopes of F11P5, F11P6, and F12P18 should be very close, and located at or near the low affinity lysine binding site on the kringle 2 + 3. These three antibodies dramatically enhanced the binding of Glu-plasminogen to the other antibodies, except to F1P6. Interestingly, F3P2, whose non-overlapping epitope was in the kringle 2 + 3 domain, also augmented the binding of Glu-plasminogen to the other antibodies. In contrast, we did not observe enhanced binding of Lys-plasminogen to one antibody in the presence of the other antibodies, and the binding of Glu-plasminogen to these antibodies did not increase in the presence of 10 mM EACA. In the presence of these antibodies, including F1P6, Glu-plasminogen bound more efficiently to immobilized degraded fibrin, with a binding profile similar to Lys-plasminogen. All antibodies except F1P6 enhanced the conversion rate of plasminogen to plasmin remarkably. Taken together, we propose that these two groups of monoclonal antibodies can dissociate the intramolecular interactions of Glu-plasminogen and induce the conformational transition of Glu-plasminogen to Lys-plasminogen. In addition, the kringle 2 + 3 and kringle 5 structures of Glu-plasminogen liganded with EACA are distinct from the Lys-plasminogen structure.
Advanced Technologies for In-Line and Post-Processed TSV Integration (2009)

Through Silicon Vias (TSVs) are an enabler for 3D system integration. A wide diversity of technologies is being proposed. Different application domains have different TSV requirements and justify different integration approaches. Key technologies are discussed for the in-line or post process realization of TSV connections. The impact of wafer thinning and 3D processing on 130nm CMOS devices is discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Methoxylation of 4,5‐Dichloro‐2‐methyl‐6‐nitropyridazin‐3‐one. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Co-Expression of Bovine Growth Hormone (GH) and Human GH Antagonist Genes in Transgenic Mice (1997)

Bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic (Tg) mice have been shown to possess enhanced growth phenotypes and exhibit severe glomerulosclerosis. One amino acid substitution in GH, i.e. G119R in bGH or G120R in human (h) GH, results in GH antagonists (GHAs). GHA-Tg mice exhibit dwarf phenotypes and normal kidneys. In order to investigate the possibility of GHAs as pharmaceutical agents for the treatment of human diseases with excessive GH levels, we cross bred mice that express bGH with those that express hGHA. Double positive Tg mice were identified that express both genes although at different levels. Kidney histological studies revealed that the double positive Tg mice with high GHA/GH expression ratios possessed normal or near normal kidneys, whereas those with low GHA/GH ratios exhibited glomerulosclerosis similar to GH-Tg mice. Thus, co-expression of GH and GHA genes in vivo results in animal phenotypes and kidney histopathologies which are a reflection of the relative expression levels of each gene.
Novel genomic loci influence patterns of structural covariance in the human brain (2022)

Abstract Normal and pathologic neurobiological processes influence brain morphology in coordinated ways that give rise to patterns of structural covariance (PSC) across brain regions and individuals during brain aging and diseases. The genetic underpinnings of these patterns remain largely unknown. We apply a stochastic multivariate factorization method to a diverse population of 50,699 individuals (12 studies, 130 sites) and derive data-driven, multi-scale PSCs of regional brain size. PSCs were significantly correlated with 915 genomic loci in the discovery set, 617 of which are novel, and 72% were independently replicated. Key pathways influencing PSCs involve reelin signaling, apoptosis, neurogenesis, and appendage development, while pathways of breast cancer indicate potential interplays between brain metastasis and PSCs associated with neurodegeneration and dementia. Using support vector machines, multi-scale PSCs effectively derive imaging signatures of several brain diseases. Our results elucidate new genetic and biological underpinnings that influence structural covariance patterns in the human brain. Significance statement The coordinated patterns of changes in the human brain throughout life, driven by brain development, aging, and diseases, remain largely unexplored regarding their underlying genetic determinants. This study delineates 2003 multi-scale patterns of structural covariance (PSCs) and identifies 617 novel genomic loci, with the mapped genes enriched in biological pathways implicated in reelin signaling, apoptosis, neurogenesis, and appendage development. Overall, the 2003 PSCs provide new genetic insights into understanding human brain morphological changes and demonstrate great potential in predicting various neurologic conditions.
Bi-directional DPSK Transmission Over 230-km SSMF Employing Innovative Bi-directional Amplification (2007)

A novel bi-directional DPSK transmission system with 50-GHz channel spacing is experimentally demonstrated using a four-port interleaver to enable uni-directional amplification. After 230-km SSMF, RZ-DPSK transmission improved power penalty by 2-dB than NRZ-DPSK at 10-Gb/s.
A framework for diagnosing changes in evolving data streams (2003)

In recent years, the progress in hardware technology has made it possible for organizations to store and record large streams of transactional data. This results in databases which grow without limit at a rapid rate. This data can often show important changes in trends over time. In such cases, it is useful to understand, visualize and diagnose the evolution of these trends. When the data streams are fast and continuous, it becomes important to analyze and predict the trends quickly in online fashion. In this paper, we discuss the concept of velocity density estimation, a technique used to understand, visualize and determine trends in the evolution of fast data streams. We show how to use velocity density estimation in order to create both temporal velocity profiles and spatial velocity profiles at periodic instants in time. These profiles are then used in order to predict three kinds of data evolution: dissolution, coagulation and shift. Methods are proposed to visualize the changing data trends in a single online scan of the data stream, and a computational requirement which is linear in the number of data points. In addition, batch processing techniques are proposed in order to identify combinations of dimensions which show the greatest amount of global evolution. The techniques discussed in this paper can be easily extended to spatio-temporal data, changes in data snapshots at fixed instances in time, or any other data which has a temporal component during its evolution.
Neurological and MRI profiles of children with developmental language impairment (2000)

Children with developmental language impairment (LI) are defined partly by the absence of other identifiable neurological diagnoses. Such children are generally considered to be neurologically normal, but no systematic studies of neurological function have been reported. We obtained detailed medical histories and conducted neurological examinations for 72 children aged 5 to 14 years with LI and 82 typically developing age-matched control children. All the children took a standardized test of language, and those who were at least 8 years old and were willing to have brain MRI scans (35 children with LI and 27 control children) had scans. Analysis of developmental milestones from the medical histories revealed that children with LI were not only significantly later in speaking, but also mildly but significantly delayed in motor milestones, particularly walking. On neurological examination, abnormalities were found in 70% of the children with LI and only 22% of the control children. The most common abnormalities in the LI group included obligatory synkinesis, fine motor impairments, and hyperreflexia. The children with LI with the most abnormal neurological findings had the lowest language scores. Finally, 12 of 35 children with LI had abnormalities on their MRI scan, while none of the 27 control children had abnormal scans. Abnormal findings included ventricular enlargement (in five), central volume loss (in three), and white matter abnormalities (in four). These findings suggest that developmental LI is not an isolated finding but is indicative of more widespread nervous system dysfunction. Children with LI may need more comprehensive intervention programs than language therapy alone, depending on their other areas of dysfunction. Early identification of such problems may allow for more successful remediation.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted, One‐Pot Reaction of 7‐Azaindoles and Aldehydes: A Facile Route to Novel Di‐7‐azaindolylmethanes. (2014)

Abstract A novel and highly efficient microwave promoted reaction of 7‐azaindoles with aldehydes to give di‐7‐azaindolylmethanes (III) is developed.
Multi-Objective Optimization for Aircraft Power Systems Using a Network Graph Representation (2021)

Today, the electrification of flight is more popular than ever, creating a wide array of concept aircraft and associated power system topologies. In order to gain insights into benefits of these varying architectures, this article introduces the development of a framework for electric aircraft power system (EAPS) optimization. The proposed framework accepts inputs from a designer in the form of component parameters and desired flight mission characteristics. A collective graph representing many possible architectures is formed, from which subgraphs that describe power system topologies meeting the flight requirements are extracted and analyzed. Optimal EAPS architectures with respect to goals of minimizing mass while maximizing efficiency and reliability can be subsequently selected from these subgraphs. The framework is exemplified on a 500-kW rated aircraft using data collected from surveys of component parameters, such as power density and efficiency. The presented results show a comparative analysis of different EAPS types with respect to the competing performance metrics of mass, efficiency, and survivability.
Synthesis and Redox Properties of Pyrrole- and Azulene-Fused Azacoronene (2019)

Synthesis of an azacoronene, in which both pyrrole and azulene moieties are circularly fused, was achieved just in three steps. This new azacoronene exhibited multistep reversible oxidations under electrochemical and chemical conditions. Formation of an aromatic 22π-electron conjugation and a tropylium cation (6π-electron conjugation) in the dicationic state was revealed by the single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis as well as the nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) and anisotropy of the induced current density (ACID) calculations.
Compression schemes for the feedback channel in multiband-OFDM UWB systems (2009)

In time-varying channels, channel state information (CSI) is often provided via a feedback channel to facilitate dynamic allocation of resources like transmit power and data rates. In OFDM-based ultra wideband (UWB) channels, the signaling overhead for this CSI feedback can be extremely large. In this paper, we propose several compression schemes for the feedback channel that exploit the temporal and spatial correlation properties of the multiband-OFDM UWB channel, viz., fixed and variable spectral binning techniques, hierarchical binary tree-based spectral compression schemes, and Markov state-based differential temporal compression schemes.
Scaling images and image features via the renormalization group (2002)

The problem of obtaining high-quality images and image features at different scales is discussed. Emphasis is placed on a Markov image model described in a lattice by a Gaussian noise and a local regularization term depending upon the image discontinuities. An approximate self-similar property of the model is derived by a process of averaging over half of the lattice sites. This is known as the renormalization group approach. Two multiscale pyramid structures, one of images and the other of image discontinuities, are obtained. The coarse images generated by the proposed method are smooth and show good contrast. The approach, when applied in the reverse order, is capable of enlarging images, while accounting for the original image features. The quality of the derived pyramid is demonstrated by using it to help solve a segmentation problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Gene Expression Profiling in Cervical Cancer: An Exploration of Intratumor Heterogeneity (2023)

Supplementary Figure Legends 1-3 from Gene Expression Profiling in Cervical Cancer: An Exploration of Intratumor Heterogeneity
Towards formal verification of analog designs (2005)

We show how model checking methods developed for hybrid dynamic systems may be usefully applied for analog circuit verification. Finite-state abstractions of the continuous analog behavior are automatically constructed using polyhedral outer approximations to the flows of the underlying continuous differential and difference equations. In contrast to previous approaches, we do not discretize the entire continuous state space, and our abstraction captures the relevant behaviors for verification in terms of the transitions between "states" (regions of the continuous state space) as a finite state machine in the hybrid system model. The approach is illustrated for two circuits, a standard oscillator benchmark, and a much larger and more realistic delta-sigma (AI) modulator.
Electrically-Induced Mixed Valence Causes Resistive Switching in Copper Helical Metallopolymers (2020)

Controlling the flow of electrical current at the nanoscale typically requires complex top-down approaches. Here we use a bottom-up approach to demonstrate resistiveswitching within molecular wires that consist of double-helical metallopolymers and are constructed by self-assembly. When we expose the material to an electric field, we determine that approximately 25% of the copper atoms oxidise from Cu(I) to Cu(II) without rupture of the polymer chain. The ability to sustain such high level of oxidation is unprecedented in a copper-based molecule: it is made possible here by the double helix compressing in order to satisfy the new coordination geometry required by Cu(II).This mixed-valence structure exhibits a 104-fold increase inconductivity, which is projected to last over 10 years. We explain the increase in conductivity as being promoted by the creation, upon oxidation, of partly filled dz2orbitals aligned along the mixed-valence copper array; the long-lasting nature of the change in conductivity is due to the structural rearrangement of the double-helix, which poses an energetic barrier to re-reduction. This work establishes helical metallopolymers as a new platform for controlling currents at the nanoscale.