gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing MPI Collectives Using Efficient Intra-node Communication Techniques over the Blue Gene/P Supercomputer (2011)

The Blue Gene/P (BG/P) supercomputer consists of thousands of compute nodes interconnected by multiple networks. Out of these, a 3D torus equipped with direct memory access (DMA) engine is the primary network. BG/P also features a collective network which supports hardware accelerated collective operations such as broadcast and all reduce. One of the operating modes on BG/P is the virtual node mode where the four cores can be active MPI tasks, performing inter-node and intra-node communication. This paper proposes software techniques to enhance MPI Collective communication primitives, MPI Bcast and MPI Allreduce in virtual node mode by using cache coherent memory subsystem as the communication method within the node. The paper describes techniques leveraging atomic operations to design concurrent data structures such as broadcast-FIFOs to enable efficient collectives. Such mechanisms are important as we expect the core counts to rise in the future and having such data structures makes programming easier and efficient. We also demonstrate the utility of shared address space techniques for MPI collectives, wherein a process can access the peer's memory by specialized system calls. Apart from cutting down the copy costs, such techniques allow for seamless integration of network protocols with intra-node communication methods. We propose intra-node extensions to multi-color network algorithms for collectives using light weight synchronizing structures and atomic operations. Further, we demonstrate that shared address techniques allow for good load balancing and are critical for efficiently using the hardware collective network on BG/P. When compared to current approaches on the 3D torus, our optimizations provide performance up to almost 3 folds for MPI Bcast and a 33% performance gain for MPI Allreduce(in virtual node mode). We also see improvements up to 44% for MPI Bcast using the collective tree network.
Research on clustering algorithm for dynamic equivalence of doubly-fed wind farms (2014)

The dynamic equivalent model of large-scale wind farms is the basis of wind power system stability analysis. This paper presents a novel approach of DFIGs grouping and clustering. The proposed approach takes the differences of triggered control strategies and initial operating points as the grouping indexes. Besides, compared with the conventional equivalent analysis, this paper comprehensively analyses the effect of various influencing factors on doubly-fed wind farm modeling. Simulation results show that the clustering criterion is reasonable, and the equivalent model can accurately reflect the dynamic characteristics of the detailed model.
Electromagnetic properties of three-dimensional wire arrays: photons, plasmons, and equivalent circuits (2003)

It has been known for some time (Rothman, 1962) that meta-materials consisting of a network of metal wires share a number of electromagnetic properties with plasma. For example, both have a cutoff frequency at the effective plasma frequency of the mesh below which there is no wave propagation. These ideas have recently been re-discovered (Pendry, 1996) and applied to designing electromagnetic structures that have negative dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability. The extent to which the electromagnetic properties of wire arrays actually mimics the properties of the plasma is still open to debate. We demonstrate that two-dimensional wire arrays are essentially different from plasmas in all aspects except having a cut-off for a particular wave polarization. On the other hand, three-dimensional wire arrays support the same classes of waves as the plasma: longitudinally polarized plasmons and transversely polarized photons. Electromagnetic properties of two and three-dimensional wire arrays are also expained using equivalent lumped circuits.
Synthesis and mechanical characterization of polyurethane reinforced with halloysite nanotubes (2020)

Polymer composites containing nano-additive reinforcements have attracted much attention in recent years, enabling tunable properties that benefit certain material applications. In the present work, polyurethane-based nanocomposites were prepared with natural halloysite nanotubes, a clay mineral with the empirical formula Al2Si2O5(OH)4. Mechanical properties of the polymer nanocomposite system are investigated under quasi-static loading and high-strain-rate conditions. Under static loading, the nanocomposite presents an elastomeric behaviour, while under dynamic loading, a glassy-like response. Given that halloysite nanotubes can be uniformly dispersed at the polyurethane matrix, the interference of the nanotubes on polyurethane's fracture behaviour is investigated. Halloysite was incorporated into polypropylene glycol, tolylene 2,4-diisocyanate based polyurethane, with 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) as a curative. The reinforcement of the polymer is seen through comparisons of the ultimate tensile strength, strain to failure and spall strength between the pristine and nanocomposite polymer. Samples recovered from spall testing are examined via SEM to explore the fracture mechanism and halloysite dispersion.
The glycoprotein GPNMB attenuates astrocyte inflammatory responses through the CD44 receptor (2018)

These results demonstrate that GPNMB may exert its neuroprotective effect through reducing astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in a CD44-dependent manner, providing novel mechanistic insight into the neuroprotective properties of GPNMB.
Fourier Series Analysis of Epicyclic Gearbox Vibration (2001)

Synchronous averaging is difficult to use with epicyclic gear systems because the dominant frequencies are slightly skewed and asymmetrical. This Tech Brief uses Fourier series analysis to add new insight to this phenomenon. The results are illustrated on vibration data recorded from a Cobra AH-1S helicopter gearbox.
On the mechanism of the alkylation of quinoline and naphthyridine derivatives (1994)

Ethylation studies on substituted 3-ethoxycarbonyl-4-oxo-quinolines and -naphthyridines as well as of the potassium salts of their enolates has revealed that the pathway suggested by Frank et al. for the alkylation of 4-quinolone with (Et3O)PO, i.e., thermal rearrangement of an O- to N-alkyl product cannot be extended to this class of compound since no O-alkylated intermediates could be detected. The mechanism of the alkylation was revised and the site of attack was rationalised using Klopman's theorem and Pearson's HSAB (hard–soft acid–base) theory based on AM1 level semiempirical calculations. Our results suggest a nucleophile enolate intermediate, the alkylation of which can only lead to the N-alkylated product. In accordance with our calculations, the reactive enolates of the title compounds could be selectively transformed into the corresponding N-alkylated products. The selective formation of the N-alkylated product was explained by an analysis of the total charge distribution and frontier orbitals. The conclusions can be generalised for other alkylations.
Continuous global N-tuple coverage with (2N + 2) satellites (1991)

Abstract : This report is annotated briefing covering research on arrays or constellations of satellites giving n-tuple continuous, global-line-of-sight coverage of a planet using the minimum number of satellites. A generalized theory was developed which appears to fit cases for any level of redundancy. Except for the case for single coverage, which is a tetrahedral array, all of the constellations can be characterized as either skew- or congruent-prismoidal arrays. The constellation altitudes increase with increasing levels of redundancy. Keywords: Satellites; Constellations; Coverage; Continuous coverage; Global coverage; Minimum satellite coverage; Arrays; Networks.
Electrothermal characterization of silicon-on-glass VDMOSFETs (2004)

In this paper silicon-on-glass VDMOSFETs are electrothermally characterized for the first time. The silicon-on-glass transistors are compared with the corresponding bulk-silicon devices by means of electrical measurements of the thermal resistance, and numerical thermal simulations. Very large values of R/sub TH/ are measured on-wafer for each SOG VDMOSFET under test. Nevertheless, the simulations show that the electrothermal feedback is expected to be significantly reduced after the devices axe mounted on a thermally conducting PCB. They indicate that the surface mounted SOG VDMOSFETs should have at least as good thermal stability as a bulk-Si VDMOSFET with the wafer thickness of only 100 /spl mu/m.
Time–temperature–transformation (TTT) cure diagrams: Relationship between Tg and the temperature and time of cure for a polyamic acid/polyimide system (1987)

Abstract Glass transition temperatures ( T g ) were obtained vs. isothermal temperature ( T cure ) and time of cure for a polyamic acid/polyimide system. A time–temperature–transformation (TTT) isothermal cure diagram was constructed to include the time to vitrification and iso‐ T g curves. As for expoxies, the relationship between T cure and the time to vitrification is S‐shaped. Plots of T g vs. T cure show that solvent evaporation and chemical reaction are controlled by vitrification.
Repair of intraoperative aneurysm neck tear utilizing the cotton-clipping technique (2015)

Intraoperative rupture of an intracranial aneurysm is a potentially devastating but controllable complication. The authors have successfully used the previously described cotton-clip technique to repair tears at the necks of aneurysms. 1–4 A tear on the neck of the aneurysm is covered with a piece of cotton and held in place with a suction device. The cotton is then clipped onto the tear with an aneurysm clip, using the cotton as a bolster. This simple, effective method has been useful in repairing a partial avulsion of the neck of an aneurysm. 1,3 The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/nT86RYVQWpc .
Injectable and porous PLGA microspheres that form highly porous scaffolds at body temperature (2014)

Injectable scaffolds are of interest in the field of regenerative medicine because of their minimally invasive mode of delivery. For tissue repair applications, it is essential that such scaffolds have the mechanical properties, porosity and pore diameter to support the formation of new tissue. In the current study, porous poly(dl-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres were fabricated with an average size of 84±24μm for use as injectable cell carriers. Treatment with ethanolic sodium hydroxide for 2min was observed to increase surface porosity without causing the microsphere structure to disintegrate. This surface treatment also enabled the microspheres to fuse together at 37°C to form scaffold structures. The average compressive strength of the scaffolds after 24h at 37°C was 0.9±0.1MPa, and the average Young's modulus was 9.4±1.2MPa. Scaffold porosity levels were 81.6% on average, with a mean pore diameter of 54±38μm. This study demonstrates a method for fabricating porous PLGA microspheres that form solid porous scaffolds at body temperature, creating an injectable system capable of supporting NIH-3T3 cell attachment and proliferation in vitro.
On Estimating Long Range Dependence of Network Delay (2004)

We analyse 12 traces of round-trip Internet packet delay. We find that these traces, when viewed as time series data, often exhibit Hurst parameter estimates greater than 0.5, indicating long-range dependence. Several traces, however, are not well modelled with a constant . We discuss in detail our analytical methods and the robustness of empirical estimators of under conditions of non-negligible packet loss. We also apply a newly-developed wavelet estimator of and find that (1) it explains why periodogram-based estimators can produce inconclusive results, and (2) it produces results that can be used to estimate short range as well as long range dependence. Our overall results indicate that Internet delay is bursty across multiple time scales, which implies that end-user quality of service in the Internet is likely to be impacted by long periods of very large and/or highly variable delays.
Structures of the Neuronal and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Heme Domain with d-Nitroarginine-Containing Dipeptide Inhibitors Bound (2004)

In a continuing effort to unravel the structural basis for isoform-selective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) by various inhibitors, we have determined the crystal structures of the nNOS and eNOS heme domain bound with two D-nitroarginine-containing dipeptide inhibitors, D-Lys-D-Arg(NO)2-NH(2) and D-Phe-D-Arg(NO)2-NH(2). These two dipeptide inhibitors exhibit similar binding modes in the two constitutive NOS isozymes, which is consistent with the similar binding affinities for the two isoforms as determined by K(i) measurements. The D-nitroarginine-containing dipeptide inhibitors are not distinguished by the amino acid difference between nNOS and eNOS (Asp 597 and Asn 368, respectively) which is key in controlling isoform selection for nNOS over eNOS observed for the L-nitroarginine-containing dipeptide inhibitors reported previously [Flinspach, M., et al. (2004) Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 11, 54-59]. The lack of a free alpha-amino group on the D-nitroarginine moiety makes the dipeptide inhibitor steer away from the amino acid binding pocket near the active site. This allows the inhibitor to extend into the solvent-accessible channel farther away from the active site, which enables the inhibitors to explore new isoform-specific enzyme-inhibitor interactions. This might be the structural basis for why these D-nitroarginine-containing inhibitors are selective for nNOS (or eNOS) over iNOS.
Separation of xanthines in hydro‐organic and polar‐organic elution modes on a titania stationary phase (2013)

Hydrophilic interaction LC was investigated in hydro-organic and nonaqueous elution modes on a titania column by using a set of N-methyl xanthines as neutral polar probes. To get information regarding the mechanisms that are behind the discrimination of these analytes in hydrophilic interaction, we focused our study on the type and amount of organic modifier as a critical yet rarely explored mobile phase parameter. Several alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol were studied as substitutes to acetonitrile in hydro-organic elution mode. Compared to silica, the investigation of the eluotropic series of these alcohols on titania highlighted a different implication in the retention mechanism of the xanthine derivatives. At low amounts of protic solvents, the adsorption mainly characterized the retention of analytes on bare silica; whereas mixed interactions including adsorption and ligand exchange were identified on native titania. To investigate the peculiar behavior of alcohols on the metal oxide, methanol, ethanol, and ethylene glycol were tested in replacement of water in polar-organic elution mode. Distinctive effects on the chromatographic retention and selectivity of xanthines were noticed for the dihydric alcohol, which was found to be a stronger eluting component than water on titania.
Anisoplanatic wavefront error estimation using coherent imaging (2011)

We have developed a technique for extracting atmospheric turbulence induced wavefront error by means of digital holography. The technique enables wavefront error determination as a function of field angle. Closed form expressions for the anisoplanatic wavefront error caused by atmospheric turbulence have been developed for comparison. We show very good agreement between experimental data and the closed form solution. The comparison is made over C<sub>n</sub> <sup>2</sup> values from approximately 10<sup>-12</sup> to 10-<sup>15</sup> m<sup>-2/3</sup>.
Electron states of the HCl dimer (1991)

The He i photoelectron spectrum of HCl dimer has been recorded and the observed ionizations at 12.3, 13.6, 15.1 and 17.0 eV have been assigned to different orbitals on the basis of molecular orbital calculations. The observed first adiabatic IE (11.9 eV) agree well with the value of 11.91 eV from a photoionization study of the dimer. The two HCl units in the dimer are nonequivalent and there is significant interaction between the σ orbitals. Both the calculations and the experiment show that the geometry undergoes considerable distortion on ionization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Divergent Way to Trihydroxylated Pyrrolidine Derivatives as Potential Glycosidase Inhibitors via Stereoselective Intermolecular cis‐Amidoalkylations. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultratrace determination of Radium-226 in mineral water by collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (2013)

An analytical procedure was proposed for the determination of radium-226 ( 226 Ra) at low femtogram per milliliter concentration levels in mineral water samples using helium (He) as a collision gas in collision/reaction cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CRC-ICP-MS). For the preconcentration and separation of radium from the matrix elements in water, an impregnated resin based on manganese dioxide (MnO2) was used. The recovery of the method was determined to be 72%. The limit of detection for 226 Ra determination was 0.31 fg mL -1 (~1.15 Bq/L), including a preconcentration factor of 100. The 226 Ra concentration was determined in 37 types of bottled mineral water commercially available in Qatar. The effective dose of the contribution was calculated using the 226 Ra concentration and dose conversion factor.
Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of Energy Level Alignment at C12A7:e ‐ / Alq 3 Interfaces (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experiment Results and Discussion Summary
Pharmacokinetics of atropine in children. (1986)

The serum concentration of atropine was determined both by radioreceptor assay (RRA) and by radioimmunoassay (RIA) following a single 0.02 mg/kg i.v. injection of 7 girls (age 6-15 years) and 16 boys (age 4-15 years) at the beginning of a combination anesthesia. RIA appeared to be useful in the clinical kinetic studies of this alkaloid, but RRA determined the whole antimuscarinic activity produced by atropine plus glycopyrrolate when the latter agent was used as an anticurarizing component together with neostigmine at the end of anesthesia. A biexponential serum decay curve of atropine was demonstrated by RIA with a very rapid distribution phase (t1/2 = 1-2 min) and a quite high tissue distribution (mean Vd beta = 2.6 l/kg), but due to the effective clearance of the drug (mean Cl total = 0.310-0.384 l/kg/h) the mean elimination phase half-life was around 6.5 hours. No age or gender dependency was found in the pharmacokinetics of atropine.
Supplementary Table 6 from Molecular Triage of Premalignant Lesions in Liquid-Based Cervical Cytology and Circulating Cell-Free DNA from Urine, Using a Panel of Methylated Human Papilloma Virus and Host Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Goals and Primary Aims of the five phases of the National Cancer Institue Early Detection Research Network biomarker development trials.&lt;/p&gt;
Application of reverse osmosis in the manufacture of khoa. Process optimization and product quality (1987)

Etude des parametres du procede d'osmose inverse et de leur optimisation pour la concentration du lait avant fermentation lors de la fabrication du khoa
Reactivity of Electrolytes for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries with Li2O2 (2012)

The stability of electrolytes is a significant limitation for cycle life performance in Li-O2 batteries. Since Li2O2 is generated at the cathode surface during cycling, an investigation of the thermal stability of common electrolytes with Li2O2 was conducted. All of the solvents investigated, including ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), dialkyl carbonates, dimethoxyethane (DME), tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, and acetonitrile, have good thermal stability in the presence of Li2O2. Many salts, including LiBF4, lithium bis(oxalaoto)borate (LiBOB), and lithium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), also have good stability in the presence of Li2O2. However, LiPF6 reacts rapidly with Li2O2 to generate OPF2OLi and LiF. © 2012 The Electrochemical Society.
Thermal design of monocular vision system used in automotive application (2017)

Advanced driver assistance systems such as Forward Collision Warning or Lane Departure Warning on automobiles rely heavily on a vision-based system. One such system is a monocular camera that is mounted inside the cabin on the center of the windshield. This module has a temperature sensitive FPGA and Image Sensor. The module sees extreme temperature environments due to high solar radiation in the dashboard section of the vehicle. It is important to keep such a system under specified temperatures for reliable functioning and safety. This study presents a detailed methodology to analyze and design thermal management solutions for the automotive camera by factoring in the transient nature of its immediate surroundings. The transient environment that accounts for the temperature drop from the high initial ambient temperatures includes factors such as movement of the vehicle and/or turning on the air conditioner. Experiments help understand the boundary conditions required for the computational thermal analysis and appropriate experimental measurements are taken to define the relevant boundary conditions of the system.
Trial watch: IDO inhibitors in cancer therapy (2014)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxigenase 1 (IDO1) is the main enzyme that catalyzes the first, rate-limiting step of the so-called "kynurenine pathway", i.e., the metabolic cascade that converts the essential amino acid <i>L</i>-tryptophan (Trp) into <i>L</i>-kynurenine (Kyn). IDO1, which is expressed constitutively by some tissues and in an inducible manner by specific subsets of antigen-presenting cells, has been shown to play a role in the establishment and maintenance of peripheral tolerance. At least in part, this reflects the capacity of IDO1 to restrict the microenvironmental availability of Trp and to favor the accumulation of Kyn and some of its derivatives. Also, several neoplastic lesions express IDO1, providing them with a means to evade anticancer immunosurveillance. This consideration has driven the development of several IDO1 inhibitors, some of which (including 1-methyltryptophan) have nowadays entered clinical evaluation. In animal tumor models, the inhibition of IDO1 by chemical or genetic interventions is indeed associated with the (re)activation of therapeutically relevant anticancer immune responses. This said, several immunotherapeutic regimens exert robust clinical activity in spite of their ability to promote the expression of IDO1. Moreover, 1-methyltryptophan has recently been shown to exert IDO1-independent immunostimulatory effects. Here, we summarize the preclinical and clinical studies testing the antineoplastic activity of IDO1-targeting interventions.
Substrate-induced disorder in V2O3thin films grown on annealedc-plane sapphire substrates (2012)

We investigate the structural and electronic properties of V2O3 thin films deposited by oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy onto annealed and unannealed c-plane sapphire substrates. Annealing the substrates before growth to produce ultra-smooth surfaces improved initial epitaxy, according to in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Surprisingly, films deposited on annealed substrates had a more island-like surface, broader x-ray diffraction peaks, and an increased resistivity of V2O3’s normally metallic high-temperature phase. We attribute these results to enhanced strain coupling at the interface between the substrate and film, highlighting the vulnerability of V2O3’s strongly correlated metallic phase to crystalline defects and structural disorder.