gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phenotypic characterization of OmpX, an Ail homologue of Yersinia pestis KIM (2007)

The goal of this study was to characterize the Yersinia pestis KIM OmpX protein. Yersinia spp. provide a model for studying several virulence processes including attachment to, and internalization by, host cells. For Yersinia enterocolitica and Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Ail, YadA and Inv, have been implicated in these processes. In Y. pestis, YadA and Inv are inactivated. Genomic analysis of two Y. pestis strains revealed four loci with sequence homology to Ail. One of these genes, designated y1324 in the Y. pestis KIM database, encodes a protein designated OmpX. The mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 17.47 kDa, shares approximately 70 % sequence identity with Y. enterocolitica Ail, and has an identical homologue, designated Ail, in the Y. pestis CO92 database. The present study compared the Y. pestis KIM6(+) parental strain with a mutant derivative having an engineered disruption of the OmpX structural gene. The parental strain (and a merodiploid control strain) expressed OmpX at 28 and 37 degrees C, and the protein was detectable throughout all phases of growth. OmpX was required for efficient adherence to, and internalization by, cultured HEp-2 cell monolayers and conferred resistance to the bactericidal effect of human serum. Deletion of ompX resulted in a significantly reduced autoaggregation phenotype and loss of pellicle formation in vitro. These results suggest that Y. pestis OmpX shares functional homology with Y. enterocolitica Ail in adherence, internalization into epithelial cells and serum resistance.
Large‐Scale Screens for cDNAs with in vivo Activity (2005)

The pace of biological investigation has been greatly accelerated by technologies that permit comprehensive inventory of gene expression under diverse conditions. We have been developing and using approaches to understand gene function that are based on functional assessments of gene activity, using automated expression cloning followed by gene knockdown using shRNA or by gene knockout. Some recent developments in expression screens and methods to expedite the formation of targeted mutations in mice are discussed. A resource for large scale quantitative profiling of mRNA abundance is also described.
Excess photon noise in semiconductor cascade lasers (2003)

Semiconductor cascade lasers have larger photon noise than conventional single stage semiconductor lasers as a result of positive correlations in photon emission in different gain stages which are connected electrically in series. The photon noise of cascade lasers can be related to the photon noise of single stage lasers with scaled external circuit impedances. This scaling relation for the photon noise holds for bipolar as well as unipolar cascade lasers.
27.2: Single Dopant p‐i‐n White Organic Light Emitting Devices (2003)

Abstract We demonstrate efficient, low operating voltage white organic light‐emitting devices (WOLEDs) employing an emissive region containing a single phosphorescent dopant, platinum(II)(2‐(4′,6′‐difluorophenyl)pyridinato‐N, C2′)(2,4‐pentanedionato). The WOLED exhibited peak external quantum and power efficiencies of (4.8±0.5)% and (11±1.0)lm/W, respectively, and had color coordinates of (0.34, 0.43) and a color rendering index value of 71.
Ten Emerging Trends in the Epidemiology of Diabetic Retinopathy (2020)

ABSTRACTPurpose: Diabetes is a major public health problem affecting 415 million people worldwide. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is emerging as the leading cause of avoidable blindness worldwide.Methods: We reviewed previous and recent literature to provide an overview of emerging trends on the burden, epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of DR.Results: First, there is clear evidence of a global increase in the prevalence of diabetes. Second, there is a decline in the incidence of blindness due to DR, particularly in developed countries. Third, diabetic macular edema (DME) rather than proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) is the increasingly common cause of visual impairment. Fourth, DR awareness remains patchy and low in most populations. Fifth, hyperglycemia remains the most consistent risk factor for DR in type 1 diabetes across different studies and populations. Sixth, in contrast, blood pressure is an important risk factor for DR in type 2 diabetes. Se...
Correlated and uncorrelated timing jitter in gain-switched laser diodes (1993)

The author describes correlated and uncorrelated timing jitter of gain-switched pulses generated from sinusoidally modulated laser diodes measured from photocurrent power spectra. It is found that if dc bias is decreased to obtain shorter pulses, then the root-mean-square (rms) value of uncorrelated timing jitter drastically increases to more than 2 ps, while correlated jitter remains constant at the drive circuit level of approximately 0.2 ps. By optimizing the bias condition and compression fiber length, total timing jitter of gain-switched pulses can be reduced to as low as approximately 0.5 ps, as their pulse width is kept less than 10 ps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Monolithic optoelectronic integration: A new component technology for lightwave communications (1985)

We discuss recent advances in the field of optoelectronic device integration. Several problems and advantages associated with integration are illustrated by discussing in detail three device types which are currently undergoing intensive investigation: integated laser transmitters, integrated p-i-n photodetector receivers, and arrays of individually addressable detectors and light emitters. Devices fabricated using either GaAS or InP-based material systems with application at wavelength of 0.82-0.87 µm and 1.3-1.55µm, respectively, are considered. It is concluded that the pursuit of optoelectronic integration will lead to an increase in device functionality, an improvement in performance, and a reduction in cost of the integrated device as compared with its hybrid counterpart.
IL-3-LA Production by Mononuclear Cells of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Effect of Treatment with Intravenous Immunoglobulins (1995)

IL-3-like activity (IL-3-LA) is a growth factor that stimulates stem cell maturation. We examined the production of IL-3-LA by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 10 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) following one year of treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG). The results were compared with those obtained in 13 age- and sex-matched untreated patients with relapsing-remitting MS and in 14 healthy controls. IL-3-LA was assayed using the IL-3-dependent 32-D-cl-23 murine cell line. IL-3-LA production was 60% higher in untreated MS patients than in healthy controls (134 +/- 19 u/ml and 78.7 +/- 15.9 u/ml, respectively; p < 0.01), and lower in patients treated with IVIG than in untreated patients (101.4 +/- 4.9 u/ml; p < 0.02). IL-3-LA production also decreased after incubation of mononuclear cells with IVIG of both untreated MS patients and controls. This study indicates a possible beneficial effect of IVIG on the immunological status of MS patients.
Iodotrimethylsilane Reduction of Benzoins: Synthesis of Deoxybenzoins and Tetraarylfurans (1986)

Abstract Benzoins react readily with iodotrimethylsilane to produce, in many cases, mixtures of deoxybenzoins and tetraarylfurans.
Blue Gene/L advanced diagnostics environment (2005)

This paper describes the Blue Gene®/L advanced diagnostics environment (ADE) used throughout all aspects of the Blue Gene/L project, including design, logic verification, bring-up, diagnostics, and manufacturing test. The Blue Gene/L ADE consists of a lightweight multithreaded coherence-managed kernel, runtime libraries, device drivers, system programming interfaces, compilers, and host-based development tools. It provides complete and flexible access to all features of the Blue Gene/L hardware. Prior to the existence of hardware, ADE was used on Very high-speed integrated circuit Hardware Description Language (VHDL) models, not only for logic verification, but also for performance measurements, code-path analysis, and evaluation of architectural tradeoffs. During early hardware bring-up, the ability to run in a cycle-reproducible manner on both hardware and VHDL proved invaluable in fault isolation and analysis. However, ADE is also capable of supporting high-performance applications and parallel test cases, thereby permitting us to stress the hardware to the limits of its capabilities. This paper also provides insights into system-level and device-level programming of Blue Gene/L to assist developers of high-performance applications o more fully exploit the performance of the machine.
White Light-Emitting Electrochemical Cell (2011)

We report a light-emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) with air-stable electrodes and a solution-processed single-layer active material that emits warm-white light (CIE coordinates = (0.39, 0.43); color rendering index =83) with significant brightness (B) at a low voltage. The carefully tuned trichromatic device exhibits a short turn-on time (∼5 s to B > 100 cd/m(2)), high efficiency (3.1 cd/A at B = 240 cd/m(2)) and good operational stability (17 h at B > 100 cd/m(2)). We also report a blue LEC with a highly respectable set of device properties in the form of a turn-on time of ∼5 s, an efficiency of 3.6 lm/W and 5.6 cd/A, and an uninterrupted operational lifetime of 25 h. Finally, by analyzing data from trichromatic and monochromatic devices as well as from the constituent fluorescent CPs, we are able to point out a viable path toward further improvements in the performance of the white-emitting LEC.
Modulation of auxiliary signals to T cells as a mechanism to induce transplant tolerance. (2005)

Advances in the treatment of transplant rejection, autoimmune disease, allergy, and other conditions of altered immunoregulation have come from our improved knowledge of the multi-faceted nature of lymphocyte activation, incorporating not merely antigen triggering of specific receptors, but a myriad of other accessory signals, all operating within a defined environmental (cytokine ) milieu. The review below focuses on just one aspect of this, the ability to manipulate costimulatory signals, or regulatory signals, as a means to induce long-standing immune suppression. Emphasis is placed on the dominant suppression mediated following activation of any one of a number of regulatory signals as a potentially more rational approach to clinical therapy, as the redundancy in costimulatory signals suggests that blockade of any one of these may be unlikely to produce permanent unresponsiveness. The role of regulatory T cells, induced following antigen presentation in the presence of immunoregulatory signals, is also discussed.
Shared Spectrum Access between PMSE Cameras and Private LTE Networks in the 2.3 GHz Band (2020)

This paper presents measurement campaigns to study shared spectrum access between wireless PMSE cameras and LTE networks in 2.3 GHz band. In Finland, the 2300-2320 MHz frequency range will be made available for private networks based on mobile technology, such as LTE. The frequency band 2300-2400 MHz is also in use for wireless PMSE cameras. Thus, the protection of the wireless PMSE cameras from harmful interference needs to be studied. The paper presents measurements in a laboratory environment and field trial measurements with the LTE base station indoors and outdoors. The measurement results can be used to prepare practical guidelines for the frequency planning in this specific scenario in Finland and can also be applied to other types of scenarios where shared spectrum access between PMSE wireless cameras and LTE is relevant.
Reinforced concrete slabs strengthened with externally bonded carbon fibre-reinforced polymer strips under long-term environmental exposure and sustained loading. Part 1: Outdoor experiments (2022)

Carbon fibre-reinforced polymers (CFRPs) can be used to increase the load-bearing capacity of concrete bridge deck slabs and their lateral cantilevers. In this study, experiments were performed to explore the long-term performances of loaded RC slabs strengthened on the top surface using non-prestressed and prestressed externally bonded (EB) CFRP strips. A real bridge application was simulated by applying mastic asphalt on the top surface. The effects of four years of outdoor exposure to elevated temperatures and solar radiation were considered. The results show that specimens strengthened with non-prestressed EB CFRP strips exhibit satisfactory behaviours, but a substantial increase in strain is shown in the CFRP strips over time. A slab strengthened with prestressed EB CFRP strips anchored with a so-called gradient anchorage experiences premature failure, owing to elevated temperatures and sustained loads.
Nomenclature for Renal Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (2016)

Abstract We describe the basic principles underlying RRT technologies and the application of those principles to direct patient care. The aim of this chapter is to focus on the basic aspects and applications of continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) that are most often utilized in the treatment of the critically ill patient with severe AKI. We provide a thorough description of the CRRT hardware and disposables; the procedure phases; the solutes and fluid transport mechanisms across membranes; and the different prescribing modalities. To ensure a complete review of the RRT nomenclature utilized in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), we screened the literature of the last 25 years and implemented previous taxonomy efforts. We completed an extensive literature search for papers published in English from Jan 1990 to date.
Mitigating Group Bias in Federated Learning: Beyond Local Fairness (2023)

The issue of group fairness in machine learning models, where certain sub-populations or groups are favored over others, has been recognized for some time. While many mitigation strategies have been proposed in centralized learning, many of these methods are not directly applicable in federated learning, where data is privately stored on multiple clients. To address this, many proposals try to mitigate bias at the level of clients before aggregation, which we call locally fair training. However, the effectiveness of these approaches is not well understood. In this work, we investigate the theoretical foundation of locally fair training by studying the relationship between global model fairness and local model fairness. Additionally, we prove that for a broad class of fairness metrics, the global model's fairness can be obtained using only summary statistics from local clients. Based on that, we propose a globally fair training algorithm that directly minimizes the penalized empirical loss. Real-data experiments demonstrate the promising performance of our proposed approach for enhancing fairness while retaining high accuracy compared to locally fair training methods.
Low-loss, high-bandwidth fiber-to-chip coupling using capped adiabatic tapered fibers (2020)

We demonstrate adiabatically tapered fibers terminating in sub-micron tips that are clad with a higher-index material for coupling to an on-chip waveguide. This cladding enables coupling to a high-index waveguide without losing light to the buried oxide. A technique to clad the tip of the tapered fiber with a higher-index polymer is introduced. Conventional tapered waveguides and forked tapered waveguide structures are investigated for coupling from the clad fiber to the on-chip waveguide. We find the forked waveguide facilitates alignment and packaging, while the conventional taper leads to higher bandwidth. The insertion loss from a fiber through a forked coupler to a sub-micron silicon nitride waveguide is 1.1 dB and the 3 dB bandwidth is 90 nm. The coupling loss in the packaged device is 1.3 dB. With a fiber coupled to a conventional tapered waveguide, the loss is 1.4 dB with a 3 dB bandwidth extending beyond the range of the measurement apparatus, estimated to exceed 250 nm.
Strategy to achieve biomarker-driven immunosuppression after solid organ transplantation by an academic-industry partnership within the European BIO-DrIM consortium (2016)

Solid organ transplantation has emerged as the “gold standard” therapy for end-stage organ failure as it improves both quality of life and survival. Despite the progress in short-term graft survival, that is closely associated with the impressive reduction of acute rejections within the first year, long-term graft and patient survival remain almost un-changed and unsatisfactory. Incomplete control of chronic allograft injury but particularly the adverse effects of long-term immunosuppression, such as graft toxicity, diabetes, cardiovascular events, infections, and tumours continue to challenge the long-term success. In general, immunosuppression is applied as one-size-fits-all strategy. This can result in over- and under-immunosuppression of patients with low and high alloresponsiveness, respectively. Trial- and -error strategies to minimize or even completely wean of immunosuppression have a high failure rate. Consequently, there is an unmet medical need to develop biomarkers allowing objective risk stratification of transplant patients. To achieve this goal, we engaged in an academic-industrial partnership. The central focus of the European-wide BIO-DrIM consortium (BIOmarker-Driven IMmmunosuppression) is the implementation of biomarker-guided strategies for personalizing immunosuppression to improve the long-term outcome and to decrease the adverse effects and costs of chronic immunosuppression in solid organ transplant patients. The concept includes four innovative investigator-driven clinical trials designed by the consortium.
Spectroscopy of upconverting chelates (2003)

Summary from only given. Optical reporter technologies are used in a wide variety of applications, including in vitro biomedical assays and in vivo labeling. With the increasing requirements for molecular understanding of disease and other applications such as high throughput screening, new reporter technologies are needed. We are developing a new class of optical reporter for these applications called upconverting chelates.
A comparison of light spot hydrophone and fiber optic probe hydrophone for lithotripter field characterization (2012)

The performance of a newly developed light spot hydrophone (LSHD) in lithotripter field characterization was compared to that of the fiber optic probe hydrophone (FOPH). Pressure waveforms produced by a stable electromagnetic shock wave source were measured by the LSHD and FOPH under identical experimental conditions. In the low energy regime, focus and field acoustic parameters matched well between the two hydrophones. At clinically relevant high energy settings for shock wave lithotripsy, the measured leading compressive pressure waveforms matched closely with each other. However, the LSHD recorded slightly larger |P_| (p < 0.05) and secondary peak compressive pressures (p < 0.01) than the FOPH, leading to about 20% increase in total acoustic pulse energy calculated in a 6 mm radius around the focus (p = 0.06). Tensile pulse durations deviated ~5% (p < 0.01) due to tensile wave shortening from cavitation activity using the LSHD. Intermittent compression spikes and laser light reflection artifacts have been correlated to bubble activity based on simultaneous high-speed imaging analysis. Altogether, both hydrophones are adequate for lithotripter field characterization as specified by the international standard IEC 61846.
Exemplar-Based Processing for Speech Recognition: An Overview (2012)

Solving real-world classification and recognition problems requires a principled way of modeling the physical phenomena generating the observed data and the uncertainty in it. The uncertainty originates from the fact that many data generation aspects are influenced by nondirectly measurable variables or are too complex to model and hence are treated as random fluctuations. For example, in speech production, uncertainty could arise from vocal tract variations among different people or corruption by noise. The goal of modeling is to establish a generalization from the set of observed data such that accurate inference (classification, decision, recognition) can be made about the data yet to be observed, which we refer to as unseen data.
Stochastic loss minimization for power distribution networks (2014)

Distribution systems will be critically challenged by reverse power flows and voltage fluctuations due to the integration of distributed renewable generation, demand response, and electric vehicles. Yet the same transformative changes coupled with advances in microelectronics offer new opportunities for reactive power management in distribution grids. In this context and considering the increasing time-variability of distributed generation and demand, a scheme for stochastic loss minimization is developed here. Given uncertain active power injections, a stochastic reactive control algorithm is devised. Leveraging the recent convex relaxation of optimal power flow problems, it is shown that the subgradient of the power losses can be obtained as the Lagrange multiplier of the related second-order cone program (SOCP). Numerical tests on a 47-bus test feeder with high photovoltaic penetration corroborates the power efficiency and voltage profile advantage of the novel stochastic method over its deterministic alternative.
Effect of 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 Vaginal Infection in the Guinea Pig (1986)

The present investigation was undertaken to determine whether delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta 9-THC) decreases host resistance to herpes simplex virus type 2 vaginal infection in the guinea pig. The guinea pig was selected as the host since it has been shown to express a spectrum of primary herpes genitalis which is similar to that in humans. Animals were administered delta 9-THC or vehicle intraperitoneally on Days 1-4, 8-11, and 15-18. Herpes simplex virus was introduced intravaginally on Day 2. Host resistance to virus infection was assessed by comparing frequency and severity of lesions, virus shedding, and animal mortalities. Virus-infected animals treated with drug at doses of 4 and 10 mg/kg exhibited significantly greater severity of genital disease during the 30-day period of study when compared to virus-inoculated vehicle controls. A direct relationship was noted between dose of delta 9-THC and cumulative mortalities on Day 14 following primary infection. These results indicate that delta 9-THC decreases host resistance to herpes simplex virus type 2 vaginal infection in the guinea pig.
Immune responses to baculovirus-displayed enterovirus 71 VP1 antigen (2013)

The increased distribution and neurovirulence of enterovirus 71 is an important health threat for young children in Asia Pacific. Vaccine design has concentrated on inactivated virus with the most advanced undergoing Phase III clinical trials. By using a subunit vaccine approach, production costs could be reduced by lowering the need for biocontainment. In addition, novel mutations could be rapidly incorporated to reflect the emergence of new enterovirus 71 subgenogroups. To circumvent the problems associated with conventional subunit vaccines, the antigen can be displayed on a viral vector that conveys stability and facilitates purification. Additional advantages of viral-vectored subunit vaccines are their ability to stimulate the innate immune system by transducing cells and the possibility of oral or nasal delivery, which dispenses with the need for syringes and medical personnel. Baculovirus-displayed VP1 combines all these benefits with protection that is as efficient as inactivated virus.