gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Colonic Tissue Cyclosporine Concentration in Children with Severe Ulcerative Colitis (1992)

Recent studies suggest that cyclosporine may be an alternative to colectomy in children with severe ulcerative colitis who fail traditional therapy with bowel rest and high-dose corticosteroids. We report the clinical course of two such children. Patient 1 received oral cyclosporine at 15 mg/kg/day for 1 week followed by 8 mg/kg/day for 6 weeks. Clinical remission occurred within 5 days and has been sustained for 24 weeks after azathioprine was substituted for cyclosporine. Patient 2 received oral cyclosporine at 7-8 mg/kg/day for 7 days after which colectomy was performed due to lack of clinical improvement. Blood cyclosporine levels for patient 1 ranged from 95 to 406 ng/ml and for patient 2 from 36 to 65 ng/ml. Sigmoid colonic tissue cyclosporine concentrations for patients 1 and 2 were 10,058 and 3,205 ng/g, respectively. The patient who responded had significantly higher blood and colonic tissue cyclosporine concentrations than the patient who did not respond. Further studies with larger numbers of patients are needed to determine if there is a correlation between blood and colonic tissue cyclosporine concentrations and clinical response.
Adi Gazdar, MD: one of the founders of the molecular pathology of cancer, a great scientist and a great man (2020)

From 1969From until 1975 he was head of the NCI's Tumor Cell Biology Section where he studied tumor-causing retroviruses including one named after him "the Gazdar sarcoma virus" (Gz-MSV).It was during this period I met Adi through a collaboration we had studying the somatic cell genetics of murine retroviruses.In 1975 when
Calcitonin-Secreting Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor in a Patient with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (2017)

Objective: To present a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome recently diagnosed with a calcitonin-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor.Methods: Clinical and diagnostic evaluation, along with intervention, is presented. The relevant literature is reviewed.Results: The patient was a 52-year-old Caucasian man with a history of known MEN1 who had a right parathyroidectomy 10 years prior to admission, completion parathyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy for C cell hyperplasia 3 years prior, and removal of a pituitary adenoma 4 years prior. He was asymptomatic but had persistently elevated serum calcitonin levels. Venous sampling and positron emission tomography–computerized tomography indicated several lesions in the pancreas as the most likely cause of ectopic calcitonin secretion. The patient underwent pylorus-sparing pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). Several well-differentiated neuroendocrine lesions of the pancreas were noted, with lymphatic invasion and spread to a peripancreatic lymph node. Postoperatively, the patient's calcitonin levels returned to the normal range.Conclusion: Calcitonin-secreting pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors are relatively rare entities that are even more rare in familial syndromes such as MEN1. Due to the clinically silent nature of these lesions, they are often discovered incidentally and late in their clinical course. More data are needed in order to establish a consensus on ideal management. Calcitonin elevation even in MEN1 may herald non-thyroid malignancy, therefore demanding an aggressive approach to evaluation and treatment.Abbreviations: CT computerized tomography; MEN1 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; PNETs pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors; PP pancreatic polypeptide; VIP vasoactive intestinal peptide
ApoA1 Deficiency Reshapes the Phenotypic and Molecular Characteristics of Bone Marrow Adipocytes in Mice (2022)

In the present study, we studied the effect of apolipoprotein A-1 (APOA1) on the spatial and molecular characteristics of bone marrow adipocytes, using well-characterized ApoA1 knockout mice. APOA1 is a central regulator of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) metabolism, and thus HDL; our recent work showed that deficiency of APOA1 increases bone marrow adiposity in mice. We found that ApoA1 deficient mice have greatly elevated adipocytes within their bone marrow compared to wild type counterparts. Morphologically, the increased adipocytes were similar to white adipocytes, and displayed proximal tibial-end localization. Marrow adipocytes from wild type mice were significantly fewer and did not display bone-end distribution pattern. The mRNA levels of the brown/beige adipocyte-specific markers Ucp1, Dio2, Pat2, Pgc1a, and the expression of leptin were greatly reduced in the ApoA1 knock-out in comparison to the wild-type mice. In the knock-out mice adiponectin was remarkably elevated. In keeping with the close ties of hematopoietic stem cells and marrow adipocytes, we found that the elevated adiposity in the ApoA1 knock out mice is associated with a significant reduction of the hematopoietic stem cells and common myeloid, but not common lymphoid, progenitors. Moreover, the &amp;ldquo;beiging&amp;rdquo;-related marker osteopontin and the angiogenic factor VEGF were also reduced in the ApoA1 knock-out mice, further supporting the notion that APOA1, and most probably HDL-C, regulate bone marrow microenvironment, favouring beige/brown adipocyte characteristics.
Gulf War syndrome – has it gone away? (2008)

‘Gulf War syndrome’ was a phrase coined after the 1991 Gulf War. This article looks at the variety of hypotheses that have been put forward about the origins of the concept and the studies attempting to characterise the health manifestations of Gulf service and the lasting effects on veterans. It also serves to bring readers up to date with research on the present deployment in Iraq. Finally, consideration is given to how Gulf War syndrome compares with the rich historical literature of post-conflict medical syndromes and how sociological factors may interact with symptom attribution in veterans.
Wheat doubled haploids have a marked prevalence of chromosomal aberrations (2023)

Double haploid (DH) population development is widely used in many crops, including wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), to rapidly produce fixed germplasm for breeding and genetic studies. The genome shock that takes place during DH induction could induce chromosomal aberrations that can impact genome integrity and subsequently plant fitness and agronomic performance. To evaluate the extent of chromosomal aberrations that exist as a result of the DH process, we studied two wheat DH populations: CDC Stanley×CDC Landmark and KS13H9×SYMonument. We utilized high-throughput skim sequencing to construct digital karyotypes of these populations to quantify deletions and aneuploidy with high resolution and accuracy, which was confirmed in selected plants by cytological analysis. The two populations studied showed high proportion of abnormal primary DH lines, 55 and 45%, respectively, based on at least one abnormality per progeny. The chromosomal abnormalities are genetically unstable and were observed segregating in the subsequent generations. These observations have important implications for the use of DH lines in genetics and breeding.
Effect of Atomic Layer Deposition Coatings on the Surface Structure of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Membranes (2005)

Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes were characterized by UV Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies before and after coating the entire surface (including the interior pore walls) of the AAO membranes by atomic layer deposition (ALD). UV Raman reveals the presence of aluminum oxalate in bulk AAO, both before and after ALD coating with Al2O3, because of acid anion incorporation during the anodization process used to produce AAO membranes. The aluminum oxalate in AAO exhibits remarkable thermal stability, not totally decomposing in air until exposed to a temperature >900 degrees C. ALD was used to cover the surface of AAO with either Al2O3 or TiO2. Uncoated AAO have FT-IR spectra with two separate types of OH stretches that can be assigned to isolated OH groups and hydrogen-bonded surface OH groups, respectively. In contrast, AAO surfaces coated by ALD with Al2O3 display a single, broad band of hydrogen-bonded OH groups. AAO substrates coated with TiO2 show a more complicated behavior. UV Raman results show that very thin TiO2 coatings (1 nm) are not stable upon annealing to 500 degrees C. In contrast, thicker coatings can totally cover the contaminated alumina surface and are stable at temperatures in excess of 500 degrees C.
Immunohistochemical Distribution of RGS7 Protein and Cellular Selectivity in Colocalizing with Gαq Proteins in the Adult Rat Brain (1999)

Abstract : Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins serve as potent GTPase‐activating proteins for the heterotrimeric G proteins αi/o and αq/11. This study describes the immunohistochemical distribution of RGS7 throughout the adult rat brain and its cellular colocalization with Gαq/11, an important G protein‐coupled receptor signal transducer for phospholipase Cβ‐mediated activity. In general, both RGS7 and Gαq/11 displayed a heterogeneous and overlapping regional distribution. RGS7 immunoreactivity was observed in cortical layers I‐VI, being most intense in the neuropil of layer I. In the hippocampal formation, RGS7 immunoreactivity was concentrated in the strata oriens, strata radiatum, mossy fibers, and polymorphic cells, with faint to nondetectable immunolabeling within the dentate gyrus granule cells and CA1‐CA3 subfield pyramidal cells. Numerous diencephalic and brainstem nuclei also displayed dense RGS7 immunostaining. Dual immunofluorescence labeling studies with the two protein‐specific antibodies indicated a cellular selectivity in the colocalization between RGS7 and Gαq/11 within many discrete brain regions, such as the superficial cortical layer I, hilus area of the hippocampal formation, and cerebellar Golgi cells. To assess the ability of Gαq/11‐mediated signaling pathways to modulate dynamically RGS expression, primary cortical neuronal cultures were incubated with phorbol 12,13‐dibutyrate, a selective protein kinase C activator. A time‐dependent increase in levels of mRNA for RGS7, but not RGS4, was observed. Our results provide novel information on the region‐ and cell‐specific pattern of distribution of RGS7 with the transmembrane signal transducer, Gαq/11. We also describe a possible RGS7‐selective neuronal feedback adaptation on Gαq/11‐mediated pathway function, which may play an important role in signaling specificity in the brain.
Poly-specific neoantigen-targeted cancer vaccines delay patient derived tumor growth (2019)

These results suggest a feasible strategy for a neoantigen cancer vaccine that is simple and applicable for clinical developments.
Practical considerations for specifying a super learner (2022)

Common tasks encountered in epidemiology, including disease incidence estimation and causal inference, rely on predictive modeling. Constructing a predictive model can be thought of as learning a prediction function, i.e., a function that takes as input covariate data and outputs a predicted value. Many strategies for learning these functions from data are available, from parametric regressions to machine learning algorithms. It can be challenging to choose an approach, as it is impossible to know in advance which one is the most suitable for a particular dataset and prediction task at hand. The super learner (SL) is an algorithm that alleviates concerns over selecting the one "right" strategy while providing the freedom to consider many of them, such as those recommended by collaborators, used in related research, or specified by subject-matter experts. It is an entirely pre-specified and data-adaptive strategy for predictive modeling. To ensure the SL is well-specified for learning the prediction function, the analyst does need to make a few important choices. In this Education Corner article, we provide step-by-step guidelines for making these choices, walking the reader through each of them and providing intuition along the way. In doing so, we aim to empower the analyst to tailor the SL specification to their prediction task, thereby ensuring their SL performs as well as possible. A flowchart provides a concise, easy-to-follow summary of key suggestions and heuristics, based on our accumulated experience, and guided by theory.
Schematic diagram of Fc-fused IL-7 from Intravaginal Administration of Fc-Fused IL7 Suppresses the Cervicovaginal Tumor by Recruiting HPV DNA Vaccine-Induced CD8 T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Schematic diagram of Fc-fused IL-7&lt;/p&gt;
Acute antihypertensive action of nitroxides in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (2005)

Tempol is an amphipathic radical nitroxide (N) that acutely reduces blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). We investigated the hypothesis that the response to nitroxides is determined by SOD mimetic activity or lipophilicity. Groups (n = 6-10) of anesthetized SHRs received graded intravenous doses of Ns: tempol (T), 4-amino-tempo (AT), 4-oxo-tempo (OT), 4-trimethylammonium-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl iodide (CAT-1), 3-carbamoyl-proxyl (3-CP), or 3-carboxy-proxyl (3-CTPY). Others received native or liposomal (L) Cu/Zn SOD. T and OT are uncharged, AT is positively charged and cell-permeable, and CAT-1 is positively charged and cell-impermeable. 3-CP and 3-CTPY have five-member pyrrolidine rings, whereas T, AT, OT, and CAT-1 have six-member piperidine rings. T and AT reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) similarly (-48 +/- 2 mmHg and -55 +/- 8 mmHg) but more (P < 0.05) than OT and CAT-1. 3-CP and 3-CTPY were ineffective. The group mean change in MAP with piperidine Ns correlated with SOD activity (r = -0.94), whereas their ED(50) correlated with lipophilicity (r = 0.89). SOD and L-SOD did not lower BP acutely but reduced it after 90 min (-32 +/- 5 and -31 +/- 6 mmHg; P < 0.05 vs. vehicle). Pyrrolidine nitroxides are ineffective antihypertensive agents. The antihypertensive response to piperidine Ns is predicted by SOD mimetic action, and the sensitivity of response is by hydrophilicity. SOD exerts a delayed hypotensive action that is not enhanced by liposome encapsulation, suggesting it must diffuse to an extravascular site.
Bone cell response to hydroxyapatite-coated titanium surfaces in vitro (1991)

Abstract Implant fixation is known to be significantly improved through the enhancement of microscopic tissue in-growth into rough or porous implant surfaces. Additionally, it has been shown in vivo that titanium-containing metals are more receptive to direct bone bonding than other alloys, and that a surface coating of hydroxyapatite appears to promote bone attachment. However, relatively few in vitro methods have been developed to examine the tissue-material interactions involved. The investigation reported here aims to study the effects of hydroxyapatite-coated titanium surfaces on the biology of bone cells using chick embryonic calvarial osteoblasts cultured in vitro. The cell cultures are analyzed with respect to biosynthesis of the extracellular matrix and subsequent mineralization, and the results are used to interpret the biologic effect of hydroxyapatite surface coating on bone ingrowth.
Peripheral and central sites of action for the non‐selective cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212‐2 in a rat model of post‐operative pain (2009)

Both CB(1) and CB(2) receptors were involved in the peripheral anti-allodynic effect of systemic WIN in a pre-clinical model of post-operative pain. In contrast, the centrally mediated anti-allodynic activity of systemic WIN is mostly due to the activation of CB(1) but not CB(2) receptors at both the spinal cord and brain levels. However, the increased potency of WIN following i.c.v. administration suggests that its main site of action is at CB(1) receptors in the brain.
Synthesis and Characterization of Nanocrystalline PbTiO3 (2011)

Nanocrystalline PbTiO3 in tetragonal form has been successfully prepared via a newly developed environmentally friendly coprecipitation process. The formation process of lead titanate from the PbC2O4·TiO2 precursor was monitored using DTA–TG, XRD, FT-IR, and TEM techniques. XRD showed the phase transition of less stable tetragonal PbO decomposition intermediate to a more stable orthorhombic structure by raising the calcination temperature. For the precursor calcined at 600 °C, only XRD lines characteristic of nanocrystalline tetragonal PbTiO3 are detected. TEM of PbTiO3 nanocrystals showed agglomerates with diameters in the range 85–90 nm. Consistent with the TEM result, the grain size estimated using surface area measurements indicated a high degree of particle agglomeration. FT-IR measurements gave results which are in close agreement with those revealed by XRD technique. The ac conductivity of PbTiO3 depends on the dielectric property. The kinetics of the nonisothermal TG curves for the precursor decomposition was carried out assuming various solid-state-reaction models and applying three different computational methods. The data analysis showed that the presence of TiO2 during oxalate decomposition reaction does not alter the decomposition mechanism; it drastically affects the activation parameter values.
IoT Gateway Edge VNFs on uCPE (2018)

With the emergence of 5G and Internet of Things technologies, there is an increasing trend of network services integrating the edge and centralized cloud computing for guaranteeing low latency, real-time processing, and better security/privacy. In this demo, we present an intelligent IoT edge solution with IoT virtual network functions (VNFs) running on uCPE. We demonstrate the system architecture and IoT VNFs on uCPE and show that, in addition to typical uCPE VNFs, IoT VNFs can be included to increase opportunities for new IoT services and revenues while using the same management/deployment platforms as typical VNFs.
LINE-1 retrotransposition in human embryonic stem cells (2007)

LINE-1 elements comprise approximately 17% of human DNA and their mobility continues to impact genome evolution. However, little is known about the types of non-transformed cells that can support LINE-1 retrotransposition. Here, we show that human embryonic stem cells express endogenous LINE-1 elements and can accommodate LINE-1 retrotransposition in vitro. The resultant retrotransposition events can occur into genes and can result in the concomitant deletion of genomic DNA at the target site. Thus, these data suggest that LINE-1 retrotransposition events may occur during early stages of human development.
Passive optical network deployment in North America [Invited] (2007)

Feature Issue on Passive Optical Network Architectures and TechnologiesWe review the history of passive optical networking development and deployments in North America. The development of standards is discussed. We review early trials of passive optical network (PON) systems in North America, starting with A-PON, continuing with the current B-PON initiatives by Verizon and AT&amp;T, and concluding with the initial view on G-PON emergence. Examples of how the fiber network is constructed in residential-focused B-PON deployments by AT&amp;T and Verizon are shown. We provide several lessons learned. We conclude with a discussion of the various next-generation PON options under consideration in the industry forums and standards groups.
Evaluating Near-Term Adiabatic Quantum Computing (2013)

This report summarizes the first year’s effort on the Enceladus project, under which Sandia was asked to evaluate the potential advantages of adiabatic quantum computing for analyzing large data sets in the near future, 5-to-10 years from now. We were not specifically evaluating the machine being sold by D-Wave Systems, Inc; we were asked to anticipate what future adiabatic quantum computers might be able to achieve. While realizing that the greatest potential anticipated from quantum computation is still far into the future, a special purpose quantum computing capability, Adiabatic Quantum Optimization (AQO), is under active development and is maturing relatively rapidly; indeed, D-Wave Systems Inc. already offers an AQO device based on superconducting flux qubits. The AQO architecture solves a particular class of problem, namely unconstrained quadratic Boolean optimization. Problems in this class include many interesting and important instances. Because of this, further investigation is warranted into the range of applicability of this class of problem for addressing challenges of analyzing big data sets and the effectiveness of AQO devices to perform specific analyses on big data. Further, it is of interest to also consider the potential effectiveness of anticipated special purpose adiabatic quantum computers (AQCs), in general, for accelerating the analysis of big data sets. The objective of the present investigation is an evaluation of the potential of AQC to benefit analysis of big data problems in the next five to ten years, with our main focus being on AQO because of its relative maturity. We are not specifically assessing the efficacy of the D-Wave computing systems, though we do hope to perform some experimental calculations on that device in the sequel to this project, at least to provide some data to compare with our theoretical estimates.
The results of Chiari pelvic osteotomy in adolescents with a brief literature review (2008)

There are very rare indications of Chiari osteotomy in patients younger than 10 years. Because of the high rate of graft resorption, Chiari osteotomy should be the last treatment option when there is anterior or anterolateral uncoverage of the hip joint.
Life and work of Dr. Johannes Govertus de Man (1850-1930) (2006)

This book describes the life and work of Dr. Johannes Govertus de Man (1850-1930), a remarkable Dutch invertebrate zoologist. J.G. de Man worked on the systematics of both the Crustacea, in particular on Decapoda (i.e. crabs, crayfish, lobsters and shrimps), and the microscopically Nematoda or roundworms. The biographic part describes his years of childhood and youth, student days and the time he was working at the National Museum of Natural History, Leiden, the Netherlands and the period after he resigned at the museum. Within appendices his publications, described Crustacea, Nematoda and other taxa, species named after de Man and the de Man archive is presented. A selection of his drawings and a CD-ROM with his 1884 Nematoda monography is included.
Trifluoromethanesulfonyl Chloride (2007)

[421-83-0] CClF3O2S (MW 168.53) InChI = 1S/CClF3O2S/c2-8(6,7)1(3,4)5 InChIKey = GRGCWBWNLSTIEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N (trifluoromethylsulfonation agent;1 chlorinating agent;2 metal-catalyzed chlorotrifluoromethylation of alkenes3) Alternate Name: triflyl chloride. Physical Data: bp 29–32 °C, d 1.583 g cm−3. Solubility: sol CH2Cl2, THF, dioxane. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid, 99 +%. Analysis of Reagent Purity: IR: 1424, 1306, 1237, 1115, 771, 611, 565, 532, 404 cm−1.4 Preparative Methods: dried Zinc Trifluoromethanesulfonate is heated with PCl5·2ZnCl at 260 °C. Fractional distillation of the volatile products gives TfCl (94% yield).5 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: moisture sensitive; store under N2 in the cold. This toxic reagent is corrosive and is a lachrymator. It should only be handled in a fume hood.