gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppressive effects of (-)-tubaic acid on RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption (2023)

Regulation of osteoclastogenesis and bone-resorbing activity can be an efficacious strategy for treating bone loss diseases because excessive osteoclastic bone resorption leads to the development of such diseases. Here, we investigated the role of (-)-tubaic acid, a thermal degradation product of rotenone, in osteoclast formation and function in an attempt to identify alternative natural compounds. (-)-Tubaic acid significantly inhibited receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated osteoclast differentiation at both the early and late stages, suggesting that (-)-tubaic acid affects the commitment and differentiation of osteoclast progenitors as well as the cell-cell fusion of mononuclear osteoclasts. (-)-Tubaic acid attenuated the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and expression of nuclear factor of activated T-cells cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and its target genes in response to RANKL. Furthermore, a pit-formation assay revealed that (-)-tubaic acid significantly impaired the bone-resorbing activity of osteoclasts. Our results demonstrated that (-)-tubaic acid exhibits anti-osteoclastogenic and anti-resorptive effects, indicating its therapeutic potential in the management of osteoclast-related bone diseases.
Thermal Fatigue Damage in the Solder Joints of Leadless Chip Resistors (1994)

Leadless chip resistors (LCR) made by two different manufacturers and surface mounted on glass/epoxy printed circuit board (PCB) were subjected to thermal cycling between −55°C to 125°C in order to induce thermal fatigue failure/damage. The test units were subjected to a maximum of 250 thermal cycles. Solder joints in both types of LCRs were examined in scanning electron microscope and a relative comparison of the extent of fatigue damage is presented. The failure mechanism is associated with cracking in the eutectic compostion Sn/Pb solder initiated at the stress concentration sites. A nonlinear, time-dependent finite element modeling analysis has been performed to determine critical stress concentration sites in the solder joint. Key parameters leading to the initiation of solder damage are identified, and recommendations are made to improve the design in terms of solder configuration such as the radius of corner of the alumina substrate and the standoff height.
Global Challenges in Chemicals and Energies - Standardization and Acceleration of Catalysis R & D (2014)

Global challenges in chemicals and energies comprise: • Increasing constraints in supply from fossils and recently nuclear power. • Increasing constraints by regulations (CO2 emission, global warming, …). • Increasing demand e.g. spurred by the dynamic growths in the BRICS countries. • By 2020 China is projected to consume more than 50% of the global energy. Corresponding R+D organizations need to cope with the challenges typically with the same amount of resources. The only way out of this “catch 22” is to standardize and accelerate materials R+D via enabling, automated solutions for e.g.: • Catalyst preparation by incipient wetness impregnation, excessive liquid impregnation, (co-)precipitation (mixed oxides), hydrothermal treatment (zeolites) and screening in e.g. hydrogenation, alkylation, isomerization, oxidation, cracking. • Ligand and organometallic catalyst synthesis and screening for e.g. polyolefins, rubbers, fine and specialty chemicals. • Catalyst testing / optimization in batch, semi-continuous, continuous mode. • Alternative energy solutions (e.g. solar cell, battery, storage, fuel cell materials). • Renewable chemicals (e.g. from biomass, CO2). Case studies and platform approaches from different research groups (section 9.1 to 9.5) on fuel cell, biorefinery, fine and specialty chemicals, basic chemicals, exhaust gas and syn gas catalysis provide examples about benefits, implementation scenarios, and stateof- the-art research platforms / approaches in catalysis R+D. The contributions of the different research groups are presented in correspondingly autonomous sections.
WE-D-332-01: Advances in Sub-Second CT Scanning with a 64-Row Amorphous Silicon Flat Panel Imager (2008)

Purpose: To increase the data acquisition speed and detection limits of amorphous silicon flat panels for use in a low cost multidetector-row CT (MDCT) scanner with diagnostic image quality. Method and Materials: A bench-top sub-second flat panel (FP) multidetector-row CT system has been developed using three 64-row FP detectors. Each FP is 30 cm × 3.3 cm in active area with 576 × 64 pixels that are 0.52 mm per side. A high degree of parallel processing is used to speed the data acquisition from the panels. Dynamic gain operation of the ASIC readout amplifiers has been used to improve noise performance over the previous fixed gain mode. The system has been tested with various detachable scintillators and scans of performance and anthropomorphic phantoms are compared with their diagnostic MDCT scans. Results: The 64-row FP MDCT system can achieve full rotation 660 projection scans in 1 seconds. A 0.3 second partial rotation scan can be achieved with 32 rows by row binning. The image quality of 20 cm diameter performance phantom scans is comparable to a commercial MDCT scanner with similar technique/dose. Medium sized body scans are nearly comparable except for slight artifacts due to panel overlaps and lag. Large body phantom scans have improved with increased dynamic range provided by the readout ASICs dynamic gain mode. Conclusion: The results indicate the potential for FP MDCT to be used as a less expensive and less complex alternative to crystalline silicon detectors on MDCT scanners. There is pressure to increase the number of MDCT rows beyond 64 in cardiac imaging to achieve single organ coverage in one scan rotation. The use of larger area FP detectors to achieve greater than 256 rows exists and the sub second speed can be achieved with compensations and a high degree of parallel processing.
Reconstruction of Viscosity Maps in Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography (2019)

Change in viscoelastic properties of biological tissues may often be symptomatic of a dysfunction that can be correlated to tissue pathology. Shear wave elastography is an imaging method mainly used to assess stiffness but with the potential to measure viscoelasticity of biological tissues. This can enable tissue characterization; and thus, can be used as a marker to improve diagnosis of pathological lesions. In this study, a frequency-shift method based framework is presented for the reconstruction of viscosity by analyzing the spectral properties of acoustic radiation force-induced shear waves. The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility of viscosity reconstruction maps in homogeneous as well as heterogeneous samples. Experiments were performed in four in vitro phantoms, two ex vivo porcine liver samples, two ex vivo fatty duck liver samples, and one in vivo fatty goose liver. Successful viscosity maps were reconstructed in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms with embedded mechanical inclusions having different geometries. Quantitative values of viscosity obtained for two porcine liver tissues, two fatty duck liver samples, and one goose fatty liver were (mean ± SD) 0.61 ± 0.21, 0.52 ± 0.35; 1.28 ± 0.54, 1.36 ± 0.73, and 1.67 ± 0.70 Pa.s, respectively.
Nanoparticle doping for high power lasers at eye safer wavelengths (2016)

Nanoparticle doping was used for making erbium doped fibers. We report luminescence lifetimes greater than for solution doped fibers, and high optical-to-optical slope efficiencies, with a maximum value greater than 71%.
Der Ungarische Revisionisms und Die Zerschlagung der Tschechoslowakei. By Jorg K. Hoensch. Tubingen Studien zur Geschichte und Politik, 23. Tubingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1967. xiv, 324 pp. 2 maps. DM 46. (1970)

Der Ungarische Revisionisms und Die Zerschlagung der Tschechoslowakei. By Jorg K. Hoensch. Tubingen Studien zur Geschichte und Politik, 23. Tubingen: J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck), 1967. xiv, 324 pp. 2 maps. DM 46. - Volume 29 Issue 1
Human Cartilage Repair with a Photoreactive Adhesive-Hydrogel Composite (2013)

Surgical options for cartilage resurfacing may be significantly improved by advances and application of biomaterials that direct tissue repair. A poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogel was designed to support cartilage matrix production, with easy surgical application. A model in vitro system demonstrated deposition of cartilage-specific extracellular matrix in the hydrogel biomaterial and stimulation of adjacent cartilage tissue development by mesenchymal stem cells. For translation to the joint environment, a chondroitin sulfate adhesive was applied to covalently bond and adhere the hydrogel to cartilage and bone tissue in articular defects. After preclinical testing in a caprine model, a pilot clinical study was initiated where the biomaterials system was combined with standard microfracture surgery in 15 patients with focal cartilage defects on the medial femoral condyle. Control patients were treated with microfracture alone. Magnetic resonance imaging showed that treated patients achieved significantly higher levels of tissue fill compared to controls. Magnetic resonance spin-spin relaxation times (T(2)) showed decreasing water content and increased tissue organization over time. Treated patients had less pain compared with controls, whereas knee function [International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC)] scores increased to similar levels between the groups over the 6 months evaluated. No major adverse events were observed over the study period. With further clinical testing, this practical biomaterials strategy has the potential to improve the treatment of articular cartilage defects.
Immunization of Mice with Single PspA Fragments Induces Antibodies Capable of Mediating Complement Deposition on Different Pneumococcal Strains and Cross-Protection (2010)

PspA is an important candidate for a vaccine with serotype-independent immunity against pneumococcal infections. Based on sequence relatedness, PspA has been classified into three families comprising six clades. We have previously addressed the cross-reactivity of antibodies against PspA fragments containing the N-terminal and proline-rich regions of PspA from clades 1 to 5 (PspA1, PspA2, PspA3, PspA4, and PspA5) by Western blot analysis and reported that anti-PspA4 and anti-PspA5 were able to recognize pneumococci expressing PspA proteins from all of the clades analyzed. We have now analyzed the functional capacity of these antibodies to bind and to mediate complement deposition on intact bacteria in vitro. Our results show that both PspA4 and PspA5 elicit antibodies that are able to bind and to mediate complement deposition efficiently on pneumococcal strains bearing PspA proteins from clades 1 to 5. Moreover, mice immunized with PspA4 and PspA5 were protected against an intranasal lethal challenge with strains expressing PspA proteins from the two major families. PspA4 and PspA5 are thus able to induce antibodies with a high degree of cross-reactivity in vitro, which is reflected in cross-protection of mice. We have also analyzed the contribution of the nonproline (NonPro) block within the conserved proline-rich region to the reactivity of anti-PspA antibodies, and the results indicate that N-terminal alpha-helical region, the blocks of proline repeats, and the NonPro region can influence the degree of cross-reactivity of antibodies to PspA.
Dispersion Polymerization of MMA using Polystyrene- block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) Prepared by a RAFT (2006)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) particles were produced through dispersion polymerization using poly(styrene)-block-poly(4-vinylpyridine) block copolymer as a steric stabilizer in methanol. Low- molecular-weight-distribution block copolymers were synthesized using 4-toluic acid dithiobenzoate through a reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) method. Stable polymer particles were obtained when the block copolymer concentration was 1, 4, or 10 wt% relative to monomer. The average particle size (2.4 3.4 µm) varied depending on the concentration of the block copolymer. As the block copolymer concentration increased, the size of the particles decreased. In particular, 4 wt% of the block copolymer produced 2.7 µm monodisperse PMMA (Cv = 3.3 %). The existence of the block copolymer on the PMMA surface was verified through XPS measurements.
Ophthalmodynamometry for ICP prediction and pilot test on Mt. Everest (2010)

vODM technology has potential to reliably estimate absolute ICP and is portable. Physiologic increases in ICP and mild-mod AMS are separate responses to high altitude, possibly reflecting swelling and vasoactive instability, respectively.
Mu-opioid Receptors Facilitate the Propagation of Excitatory Activity in Rat Hippocampal Area CA1 by Disinhibition of all Anatomical Layers (2003)

Hippocampal mu-opioid receptors (MORs) have been implicated in memory formation associated with opiate drug abuse. MORs modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity acutely, when chronically activated, and during drug withdrawal. At the network level, MORs increase excitability in area CA1 by disinhibiting pyramidal cells. The precise inhibitory interneuron subtypes affected by MOR activation are unknown; however, not all subtypes are inhibited, and specific interneuron subtypes have been shown to preferentially express MORs. Here we investigate, using voltage-sensitive dye imaging in brain slices, the effect of MOR activation on the patterns of inhibition and on the propagation of excitatory activity in rat hippocampal CA1. MOR activation augments excitatory activity evoked by stimulating inputs in stratum oriens [i.e., Schaffer collateral and commissural pathway (SCC) and antidromic], stratum radiatum (i.e., SCC), and stratum lacunosum-moleculare (SLM; i.e., perforant path and thalamus). The augmented excitatory activity is further facilitated as it propagates through the CA1 network. This was observed as a proportionately larger increase in amplitudes of excitatory activity at sites distal from where the activity was evoked. This facilitation was observed for excitatory activity propagating from all three stimulation sites. The augmentation and facilitation were prevented by GABAA receptor antagonists (bicuculline, 30 microM), but not by GABAB receptor antagonists (CGP 55845, 10 microM). Furthermore, MOR activation inhibited IPSPs in all layers of area CA1. These findings suggest that MOR-induced suppression of GABA release onto GABAA receptors augments all inputs to CA1 pyramidal cells and facilitates the propagation of excitatory activity through the network of area CA1.
Kernel-based crosstalk quantification and analysis of a CMOS image sensor (2018)

Inter-pixel crosstalk degrades the point spread function (PSF) of a scientific imager which affects quantitative interpretation of scientific image data. Compared to the CCD, crosstalk is larger in the CMOS image sensor. This problem is challenging due to constant downscaling of the CMOS technology and pixel size. In this work, we parametrized the inter-pixel crosstalk and also modeled it as an empirically quantifiable kernel. A CMOS image sensor with 6 &mu;m pixel pitch is measured. Evidently the crosstalk value can change with the PSF centroid position inside a pixel, primarily due to the spatial extent of the beam, which causes some optical generation in the surrounding pixels. We demonstrate a crosstalk measurement method and its spatial variation with respect to the spot position. This sub-pixel scanning is conducted to measure any crosstalk variation with respect to the sub-pixel spot position. Notable asymmetry on the crosstalk value between rows and columns as well as in the four corners of the POI is observed. This variation shows how the signal is shared at the pixel boundaries. Several POIs (Pixel of interest) over the scan region are measured to analyze the crosstalk variations.
I01 Orally bioavailable small molecule splicing modifiers with systemic and even htt-lowering activity in vitro and in vivo (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> Huntington’s disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats in the huntingtin gene (HTT). Consequently, the mutant protein is ubiquitously expressed and drives HD pathogenesis via a toxic gain-of-function mechanism.<sup>1–3</sup> HD animal models demonstrate that reducing huntingtin protein (HTT) levels alleviates motor and neuropathological abnormalities, supporting HTT lowering as a therapeutic approach<sup>2</sup>. Clinical and preclinical stage modalities including antisense oligonucleotides, virally delivered microRNAs, and zinc finger transcription factors, reduce HTT levels by repressing HTT transcription, stability and/or translation.<sup>1 2</sup> Such modalities require invasive procedures to reach the central nervous system (CNS) and are not evenly distributed. These compounds act via a novel mechanism promoting the inclusion of a pseudoexon containing a premature termination codon, leading to HTT messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation and reduction of HTT levels. <h3>Aims</h3> We aimed to develop a class of small molecule splicing modifiers specifically synthesised to promote selective splicing and ultimately reduction in huntingtin mRNA and protein levels. <h3>Methods/Techniques</h3> Here, we describe the identification of small molecule splicing modifiers lowering HTT expression by selective modulation of the critical recognition step of pre-mRNA splicing. <h3>Results/Outcome</h3> These data demonstrate the potential of small molecules that effectively lower HTT consistently throughout the CNS and periphery to be a non-invasive effective treatment option for patients. <h3>Conclusions</h3> This work represents the first example of the identification and optimisation of orally bioavailable splicing modifiers that penetrate all tissues and lower HTT evenly throughout the body. <h3>References</h3> Wild EJ, Tabrizi SJ. Therapies targeting DNA and RNA in huntington’s disease. <i>Lancet Neurol</i> 2017;<b>16</b>:837–847. Tabrizi SJ, Ghosh R, Leavitt BR. Huntingtin lowering strategies for disease modification in huntington’s disease. <i>Neuron</i> 2019;<b>101</b>:801–819. Nopoulos PC. Huntington disease: a single-gene degenerative disorder of the striatum. <i>Dialogues Clin Neurosci</i> 2016;<b>18</b>:91–98.
Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Tomography for Structure Determination of the New Zeolite ITQ-58 (2016)

In this work a new ultrafast data collection strategy for electron diffraction tomography is presented that allows reducing data acquisition time by one order of magnitude. This methodology minimizes the radiation damage of beam-sensitive materials, such as microporous materials. This method, combined with the precession of the electron beam, provides high quality data enabling the determination of very complex structures. Most importantly, the implementation of this new electron diffraction methodology is easily affordable in any modern electron microscope. As a proof of concept, we have solved a new highly complex zeolitic structure named ITQ-58, with a very low symmetry (triclinic) and a large unit cell volume (1874.6 Å(3)), containing 16 silicon and 32 oxygen atoms in its asymmetric unit, which would be very difficult to solve with the state of the art techniques.
High-efficiency degenerate four-wave mixing in triply resonant nanobeam cavities (2014)

Using a combination of temporal coupled-mode theory and nonlinear finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we study the nonlinear dynamics of all-resonant four-wave mixing processes and demonstrate the possibility of achieving high-efficiency limit cycles and steady states that lead to $\ensuremath{\approx}100%$ depletion of the incident light at low input (critical) powers. Our analysis extends previous predictions to capture important effects associated with losses, self- and cross-phase modulation, and imperfect frequency matching (detuning) of the cavity frequencies. We find that maximum steady-state conversion is hypersensitive to frequency mismatch, resulting in high-efficiency limit cycles that arise from the presence of a homoclinic bifurcation in the solution phase space, but that a judicious choice of incident frequencies and input powers, in conjuction with self-phase and cross-phase modulation, can restore high-efficiency steady-state conversion even for large frequency mismatch. Assuming operation in the telecom range, we predict close to perfect quantum efficiencies at reasonably low $\ensuremath{\sim}50\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{m}\mathrm{W}$ input powers in silicon micrometer-scale PhC nanobeam cavities.
Wirkungsmessung bei NPO: Notwendiges Übel oder Teil der Strategie? (2016)

Soziale Arbeit, founded in 1951, is an independent academic journal which addresses developments in the context of social work. It is one of the most important publication media in its field and is read by teachers, students and researchers in social work and social pedagogy as well as by professionals and managers from associations and institutions.
Particle removal with liquid-film-enhanced laser-induced plasma (2006)

Abstract A novel particle removal technique is presented. The technique is based on the displacement of a thin liquid film deposited on the surface that is to be cleaned under the influence of a laser-induced plasma (LIP) shockwave field. The plasma core and impinging shockwave exert electromagnetic, thermal and elastic fields in the film and the substrate. In the reported experiments, it is observed that, as a result of these interactions, the liquid film is displaced from the substrate along with particles deposited on the substrate. A number of mechanisms contributing to particle detachment and removal in the proposed technique are identified and discussed for their roles in this process. The results of a series of experiments, indicating damage-free submicrometer glass and polystyrene latex (PSL) particle removal using the current technique are presented. Keywords: LIQUID-FILM-ENHANCED PARTICLE CLEANINGPARTICLE REMOVALLASER-INDUCED PLASMASHOCKWAVES
Synthesis of two 6′α-fluorocarbocyclic nucleosides and incorporation into short segments of DNA (1992)

The 6′-fluorocarbocyclic nucleosides 1 and 2 have been synthesized from the bicyclic ketone 3 in 16 and 2% yield respectively. The nucleoside 1 has been incorporated into short chains of DNA using an automated synthesizer and these oligonucleotides have been shown to hybridize with (fluorine containing) complementary strands.
Sciences des données et apprentissage en grande dimension (2019)

Stéphane Mallat L’objectif déclaré des sciences des données est d’extraire de la connaissance d’ensembles de données. En soi, il n’y a là rien de nouveau. Extraire de la connaissance de données est au cœur des méthodologies développées par les sciences et les sciences humaines, qui sont représentées au Collège de France aussi bien par la physique que par l’égyptologie, en passant par la biologie, l’économie ou l’anthropologie. Néanmoins, la perspective apportée par les mathématiques et l’inf...
N-smooth OFDM (2018)

This paper introduces a new multicarrier system - a practical alternative for N-continuous OFDM: N-smooth OFDM. N-smooth OFDM improves the spectral compactness of practical OFDM systems by suppress ...