gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimony segregation in the oxidation of AlAsSb interlayers (2003)

The lateral wet oxidation of strained AlAsSb was studied. AlAs0.80Sb0.20 interlayers were grown on a GaAs substrate and capped with a lattice-matched In0.25Ga0.75As layer. The AlAsSb was oxidized between 350 and 450 °C. Oxidation temperatures &amp;gt;400 °C resulted in poor surface morphology and delamination. Oxidation of thicker AlAsSb interlayers (h≈2000 Å) resulted in metallic Sb layers forming between the AlOx and the semiconductor interfaces. The remaining Sb metal at the oxide–semiconductor interface was ∼15% oxidized. Lateral wet oxidation of thinner AlAsSb interlayers (h⩽500 Å) resulted in Sb inclusions at the oxide–semiconductor interface. The Sb inclusions were 1.5–2.0 μm in diameter and the inclusion thickness was approximately equal to the AlAsSb layer thickness. Methanol (CH3OH) was added to the water mixture with the intent to stabilize the otherwise unstable stibine (SbH3) such that Sb could be removed from the oxidizing structure. However, methanol addition resulted in a decreased oxidation rate and a change in the Sb precipitate morphology. The Sb inclusions observed in pure water oxidation changed to a Sb finger-like morphology with increasing methanol concentration. The Sb fingers were 1.0–2.0 μm wide and as long as the oxidation depth. Oxidation of AlAsSb interlayers h⩽200 Å were limited by the incorporation of Ga from the substrate and capping layer into the oxidation layer. Doping the oxidation AlAsSb interlayer 1×1018 cm−3 n type (Si or Te) did not result in any improvement in Sb segregation.
PD18-05 EMERGING DATA REGARDING FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF INFLATABLE PENILE PROSTHESES (2018)

48% MS in Texas with only 39.8% of plans having ED coverage and 56% of all plans having IPP exclusions. In contrast, 95.3% of men with plans through BCBS of North Carolina (73% MS in NC) have ED coverage with only 2.3% of all plans having an IPP exclusion.
Supplementary Legends from <i>Mist1-Kras<sup>G12D</sup></i> Knock-In Mice Develop Mixed Differentiation Metastatic Exocrine Pancreatic Carcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Legends from &lt;i&gt;Mist1-Kras&lt;sup&gt;G12D&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; Knock-In Mice Develop Mixed Differentiation Metastatic Exocrine Pancreatic Carcinoma and Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Broadband Z-scan characterization using a high-spectral-irradiance, high-quality supercontinuum (2008)

We generate a high-spectral-irradiance, high-quality continuum by weakly focusing femtosecond pulses in Kr gas. We use this continuum as a source for rapid Z-scan measurements of the degenerate nonlinear absorption spectrum and the associated dispersion of the nonlinear refraction in optical materials throughout the visible. We measure the degenerate two-photon absorption spectra and the dispersion of the nonlinear refractive index, n2, of two well-characterized semiconductors (ZnSe and ZnS) as reference samples for our method, along with dilute solutions of organic materials. The latter materials demonstrate application of the technique to samples with lower nonlinearities.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers with Kinase Domain Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Are Sensitive to Ionizing Radiation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Non–Small Cell Lung Cancers with Kinase Domain Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Are Sensitive to Ionizing Radiation
Digitally controlled multi-phase buck-converter with merged capacitive attenuator (2012)

This paper introduces a new topology that combines a capacitive divider and an interleaved buck to reduce the volume of multi-phase step-down converters. The size reduction is obtained with a low penalty in conduction losses, input filter size, and controller complexity. At heavy loads, the converter efficiency is comparable to that of a conventional buck and at light to medium loads it is improved. The volume reduction is obtained by utilizing the inductors of the buck stage to regulate the tap voltages of the capacitive divider. This eliminates a bulky energy transfer capacitor existing in other switch capacitor (SC) circuits, reduces the number of switches in the conduction path, and simplifies control of the converter. Experimental results obtained with a 7V-to-1V, 10A, 1 MHz prototype demonstrate that the merged capacitor converter has 15% smaller inductor, 13% reduction in output capacitor value and up to 35% reduction in power losses, and 15% faster transient response than a time-optimal controlled buck.
Anisotropic etching of n+ polycrystalline silicon with high selectivity using a chlorine and nitrogen plasma in an ultraclean electron cyclotron resonance etcher (1990)

Heavily phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon films (n+ poly-Si) were etched in a pure chlorine plasma using an ultraclean electron cyclotron resonance etcher. Compared against undoped polycrystalline etching, horizontal etch rates were too high to allow anisotropic etching of n+ poly-Si. With the addition of more than about 10% N2, highly anisotropic etches of n+ poly-Si can be obtained simultaneously with selectivities as high as 160 to SiO2 in a 4 mTorr plasma. These results are significant to lower submicron fabrication. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies show that Si—N bonds are formed on the n+ poly-Si surface during etching and it is proposed that this layer protects the sidewall against Cl radicals in a N2/Cl2 plasma. The suppression of SiO2 etching by O2 addition to a N2/Cl2 plasma has also been demonstrated.
An organoid-based CRISPR-Cas9 screen for regulators of intestinal epithelial maturation and cell fate (2023)

Generation of functionally mature organs requires exquisite control of transcriptional programs governing cell state transitions during development. Despite advances in understanding the behavior of adult intestinal stem cells and their progeny, the transcriptional regulators that control the emergence of the mature intestinal phenotype remain largely unknown. Using mouse fetal and adult small intestinal organoids, we uncover transcriptional differences between the fetal and adult state and identify rare adult-like cells present in fetal organoids. This suggests that fetal organoids have an inherent potential to mature, which is locked by a regulatory program. By implementing a CRISPR-Cas9 screen targeting transcriptional regulators expressed in fetal organoids, we establish <i>Smarca4</i> and <i>Smarcc1</i> as important factors safeguarding the immature progenitor state. Our approach demonstrates the utility of organoid models in the identification of factors regulating cell fate and state transitions during tissue maturation and reveals that SMARCA4 and SMARCC1 prevent precocious differentiation during intestinal development.
Autophagy dark genes: Can we find them with machine learning? (2023)

Identifying novel autophagy (ATG) associated genes in humans remains an important task for understanding this fundamental physiological process. Machine learning (ML) can highlight potentially “missing pieces” linking core ATG genes with understudied, “dark” genes by mining functional genomic data. Here, a set of 103 (out of 288 genes from the Autophagy Database) was used as training set, based on ATG-associated terms annotated from 3 secondary sources: GO (gene ontology), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway, and UniProt keywords, as additional confirmation of their importance in ATG. As negative labels, an OMIM list of genes associated with monogenic diseases was used (after excluding the 288 ATG-associated genes). Data related to these genes from 17 different sources were compiled and used to derive a trained MetaPath/XGBoost (MPxgb) ML model for distinguishing ATG and non-ATG genes (10-fold cross-validated, 100-times randomized models, median area under the curve = 0.994 ± 0.008). Sixteen ATG-relevant variables explained 64% of the total model gain. Overall, 23% of the top 251 predicted genes are annotated in the Autophagy Database, whereas 193 genes (77%) are not. In 2019, we suggested that some of these 193 genes may represent “ATG dark genes.” A literature search in 2022 for those top 20 predicted ATG dark genes found that 9 were subsequently reported as ATG genes during the intervening 3.5 years. A post-factum evaluation of data leakage (the presence of ATG-associated terms in the top 40 ML features) confirms that 7 out of these 9 genes and 2 out of 3 other recently validated predictions from the bottom 20 are novel. Those genes with the largest number of ATG features would be most likely to yield valuable experimental insights. Modern high-throughput testing would be capable of spanning the full 193 ATG genes list reported here. Our analysis demonstrates that ML can guide genomics research to gain a more complete functional and pathway annotation of complex processes. Key points – A knowledge-graph based machine learning model was designed for predicting unknown autophagy genes via mining functional genomic data. – Literature search validated predicted genes. – Our machine learning models could be generalized and applied to other genomic libraries to uncover dark genes for various functions.
Reducing lifecycle energy use of network switches (2010)

The networking infrastructure is becoming a growing portion of the energy footprint in data centers as well as information technology in general. In this paper, we evaluate energy management strategies for network switches. We begin by performing a lifecycle assessment of existing switches in a data center, and find that the use phase of the lifecycle dominates. We then parametrically examine various energy management techniques to reduce this operational footprint, and find that advances in operational energy efficiency may soon increase the share of environmental burden from switch manufacturing. We conclude by discussing how these findings may influence network design in the future.
A Monte Carlo technique to investigate signal delays of advanced Si BJT's up to high currents (2002)

We present a new Monte Carlo technique to investigate the signal delay of advanced BJTs featuring relevant nonlocal effects. The method is suited to analyze base and collector signal delays in presence of significant nonequilibrium transport effects and up to high currents, and to verify the physical meaning and applicability of delay expressions for compact models.
Very efficient visible light energy harvesting and conversion by spectral sensitization of high surface area polycrystalline titanium dioxide films (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVery efficient visible light energy harvesting and conversion by spectral sensitization of high surface area polycrystalline titanium dioxide filmsNick. Vlachopoulos, Paul. Liska, Jan. Augustynski, and Michael. GraetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4, 1216–1220Publication Date (Print):February 17, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00212a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00212a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3042Altmetric-Citations498LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Organocatalyzed, Visible-Light Photoredox-Mediated, One-Pot Minisci Reaction Using Carboxylic Acids via N-(Acyloxy)phthalimides (2018)

An improved, one-pot Minisci reaction has been developed using visible light, an organic photocatalyst, and carboxylic acids as radical precursors via the intermediacy of in situ-generated N-(acyloxy)phthalimides. The conditions employed are mild, demonstrate a high degree of functional group tolerance, and do not require a large excess of the carboxylic acid reactant. As a result, this reaction can be applied to drug-like scaffolds and molecules with sensitive functional groups, enabling late-stage functionalization, which is of high interest to medicinal chemistry.
A dissipative wave packet approach for unified nonlinear acoustics (1994)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Ocean Engineering, 1994.
Fiber-pigtailed silicon photonic sensors for methane leak detection (2017)

We present comprehensive characterization of silicon photonic sensors for methane leak detection. Sensitivity of 40 ppmv after 1 second integration is reported. Fourier domain characterization of on-chip etalon drifts is used for further sensor improvement.
Minimally Invasive, Non-Thermal Tissue Ablation with a Single Exponential Decay Electrolytic Electroporation Waveform (2016)

A new minimally invasive tissue ablation technique, that combines the biophysical processes of electroporation and electrolysis, is introduced. The technology employs electrode needles inserted in the target tissue to deliver an Electrolytic Electroporation Waveform (EEW) in the form of an exponential decay voltage, several tens of microsecond long. A case study in a large animal model demonstrates that clinically significant size lesions can be achieved with a single, milliseconds long EEW. Ablation with EEW has major advantages over the comparable tissue ablation techniques of electrolysis, reversible electroporation and irreversible electroporation. EEW is orders of magnitude faster than conventional electrolytic ablation. EEW does not require the use of muscle relaxant as irreversible electroporation and EEW does not require injection of drugs as reversible electroporation. This new technology is simple to use and may become an important addition to the minimally invasive surgery armamentarium.
Efficient Multistream Classification Using Direct Density Ratio Estimation (2017)

Traditional data stream classification techniques assume that the stream of data is generated from a single non-stationary process. On the contrary, a recently introduced problem setting, referred to as Multistream Classification involves two independent non-stationary data generating processes. One of them is the source stream that continuously generates labeled data instances. The other one is the target stream that generates unlabeled test data instances from the same domain. The distributions represented by the source stream data is biased compared to that of the target stream. Moreover, these streams may have asynchronous concept drifts between them. The multistream classification problem is to predict the class labels of target stream instances, while utilizing labeled data available from the source stream. In this paper, we propose an efficient solution for multistream classification by fusing drift detection into online data shift adaptation. Experiment results on benchmark data sets indicate significantly improved performance over the only existing approach for multistream classification.
P‐93: Highly Reliable Mobile Liquid Crystal Display using AIOx Deposited By Atomic Layer Deposition for Side Sealing Structure (2015)

A side sealing structure including, outside a sealant, AlOx deposited using an atomic layer deposition (ALD) apparatus was employed. This structure can prevent the entry of external moisture. A liquid crystal display (LCD) with this type of structure can have long‐term high reliability as a low‐frequency driving LCD.
Advancing 2D Monolayer CMOS Through Contact, Channel and Interface Engineering (2021)

2D CMOS transistors fabricated with transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials are a potential replacement for silicon transistors at sub-12 nm channel length [L <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</inf> ]. We demonstrate record NMOS contacts using a high melting point metal, down to 146 Ω-µm contact resistance (Rc). We present the best PMOS performance on a grown monolayer WSe2 film with 50 µA/µm Ion and 141 mV/dec sub-threshold swing (SS) using a Ru contact metal, showing record PMOS contact resistance, Rc = 2.7 kΩ-µm. For the first time, we present 300 mm wafer growth options of 4 different 2D TMD films: MoS <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> , WS2, WSe2, MoSe2 that were grown at BEOL compatible temperatures. On unpassivated channel devices we show two methods of channel curing. First, N2 desiccation can improve ION (~2x) and SS (~0.6×) simultaneously. Secondly, FGA annealing can improve bare channel devices by increasing their median Ion by 10× and lowering their SS by almost 50%. Finally, we benchmark our results against leading grown TMD devices, demonstrating record drive-currents among devices with good SS.
Single Strand Targeted Triplex Formation: Parallel-Stranded DNA Hairpin Duplexes for Targeting Pyrimidine Strands (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSingle Strand Targeted Triplex Formation: Parallel-Stranded DNA Hairpin Duplexes for Targeting Pyrimidine StrandsEkambar R. Kandimalla, Sudhir Agrawal, Ganesh Venkataraman, and V. SasisekharanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 23, 6416–6417Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00128a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00128a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Soft X-Ray Driven Femtosecond Molecular Dynamics (2007)

We present the first direct measurements of ultrafast EUV ionization-induced dynamics in molecules. Using a few femtosecond EUV pump and strong-field probe, we time resolve the evolution of molecular ion Rydberg states.
Optimal acquisition and modeling parameters for accurate assessment of low Ktrans blood-brain barrier permeability using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (2015)

DCE acquisition and modeling parameters are interdependent and should be optimized together for the tissue being imaged. Appropriately optimized protocols can detect even the subtlest changes in BBB integrity and may be used to probe the earliest changes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
A Method to Discriminate Pulmonary Contusion Severity Through Analysis of Hounsfield Unit Frequency (2007)

This study presents a novel approach for the quantification and classification of pulmonary contusion (PC). PC is a common thoracic injury, affecting up to 25% of patients sustaining blunt chest trauma. [1] Contusion volume at the time of hospitalization has been shown to be an independent predictor for the development of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), with the risk of ARDS increasing sharply with PC in excess of 20% by volume. [1] Despite the frequency of the injury and strong positive correlation between contusion volume and outcome, there are relatively few contusion quantification methods in the current literature. One such study utilized chest x-ray film to score PC according the amount of lung appearing to be damaged. [2] The study concluded that despite the limitations in using chest x-rays, a PC scoring system may be of value in determining the need for ventilator assistance and predicting outcome. A potentially more accurate approach to quantifying the severity of PC is through the use of computed tomography (CT) chest scans. CT is the preferred modality for obtaining volumetric pulmonary contusion data since the complete three-dimensional lung anatomy is captured. In this work a semi-automated approach is used to analyze PC in an isolated model of lung contusion in the rat. [3, 4] The CT-based approach enables the PC to be precisely quantified as the lesion progresses in time. The technique distinguishes the severity of the contusion by analyzing the composition of bands in the Hounsfield Unit (HU) range of lung image masks.
Rear Impact Tests of Starcraft-Type Seats with Out-of-Position and In-Position Dummies (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Objective: This study analyzed available rear impact sled tests with Starcraft-type seats that use a diagonal belt behind the seatback. The study focused on neck responses for out-of-position (OOP) and in-position seated dummies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt; Methods: Thirteen rear sled tests were identified with out-of-position and in-position 5 &lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; , 50 &lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and 95 &lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Hybrid III dummies in up to 47.6 mph rear delta Vs involving Starcraft-type seats. The tests were conducted at Ford, Exponent and CSE. Seven KARCO rear sled tests were found with in-position 5 &lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and 50 &lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; Hybrid III dummies in 21.1-29.5 mph rear delta Vs involving Starcraft-type seats. In all of the in-position and one of the out-of-position series, comparable tests were run with production seats. Biomechanical responses of the dummies and test videos were analyzed. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results: When the head or upper body was unsupported in a severe rear impact with an upright Starcraft-type seat, neck extension moments were as high as 4.4-times IARV (Injury Assessment Reference Value). When the head, neck and torso was fully supported during the test, the responses were well below IARVs.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Conclusions: The design of seats must consider situations where the head or upper body may not be supported as the vehicle is accelerated forward in a rear impact. This can lead to extension forces and moments on the spine and a risk for spinal fracture-dislocation and disabling cord injury with upright seats.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;