gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression, Functional Characterization, and Preliminary Crystallization of the Cochaperone Prefoldin from the Thermophilic Fungus Chaetomium thermophilum (2018)

Prefoldin is a hexameric molecular chaperone found in the cytosol of archaea and eukaryotes. Its hexameric complex is built from two related classes of subunits, and has the appearance of a jellyfish: Its body consists of a double β-barrel assembly with six long tentacle-like coiled coils protruding from it. Using the tentacles, prefoldin captures an unfolded protein substrate and transfers it to a group II chaperonin. Based on structural information from archaeal prefoldins, mechanisms of substrate recognition and prefoldin-chaperonin cooperation have been investigated. In contrast, the structure and mechanisms of eukaryotic prefoldins remain unknown. In this study, we succeeded in obtaining recombinant prefoldin from a thermophilic fungus, <i>Chaetomium thermophilum</i> (CtPFD). The recombinant CtPFD could not protect citrate synthase from thermal aggregation. However, CtPFD formed a complex with actin from chicken muscle and tubulin from porcine brain, suggesting substrate specificity. We succeeded in observing the complex formation of CtPFD and the group II chaperonin of <i>C. thermophilum</i> (CtCCT) by atomic force microscopy and electron microscopy. These interaction kinetics were analyzed by surface plasmon resonance using Biacore. Finally, we have shown the transfer of actin from CtPFD to CtCCT. The study of the folding pathway formed by CtPFD and CtCCT should provide important information on mechanisms of the eukaryotic prefoldin⁻chaperonin system.
An imaging system for extended ArF immersion lithography (2008)

The k1 factor continues to be driven downwards, even beyond its theoretical limit 0.25 in order to enable the 32 nm feature generation and beyond. Due to the extremely small process window that will be available for such extremely demanding imaging challenges, it is necessary that each unit contributing to the imaging system be driven to its ultimate performance capability. The units in such an integrated imaging system include the projection lens, illumination optics, in-situ metrology tooling, reticle stage control, and wafer stage control. In this paper we are going to discuss the required functions especially for projection lens and illumination system and how to optimally control each unit in cooperation with the others in order to achieve the goal of 32 nm patterning and beyond.
S‐MIM field trials results (2014)

SUMMARY An intelligent transport system open platform integrating the S‐band Mobile Interactive Multimedia messaging return channel protocol over satellite (based on Enhanced Spread Spectrum Aloha) has been developed and tested under real environment conditions within the framework of SafeTRIP, an FP7 EU‐funded project. This paper presents the first field trials results using the S‐band Mobile Interactive Multimedia technology. The introduced forward and return link outcomes have been derived from mobile field trials carried out in the surroundings of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) in Germany. Finally the validation of the system performances has been realized thanks to the use of a traffic emulator that can simulate a large population of Enhanced Spread Spectrum Aloha terminals. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous sensorimotor coupling with multipart music. (2014)

Music often evokes spontaneous movements in listeners that are synchronized with the music, a phenomenon that has been characterized as being in "the groove." However, the musical factors that contribute to listeners' initiation of stimulus-coupled action remain unclear. Evidence suggests that newly appearing objects in auditory scenes orient listeners' attention, and that in multipart music, newly appearing instrument or voice parts can engage listeners' attention and elicit arousal. We posit that attentional engagement with music can influence listeners' spontaneous stimulus-coupled movement. Here, 2 experiments-involving participants with and without musical training-tested the effect of staggering instrument entrances across time and varying the number of concurrent instrument parts within novel multipart music on listeners' engagement with the music, as assessed by spontaneous sensorimotor behavior and self-reports. Experiment 1 assessed listeners' moment-to-moment ratings of perceived groove, and Experiment 2 examined their spontaneous tapping and head movements. We found that, for both musically trained and untrained participants, music with more instruments led to higher ratings of perceived groove, and that music with staggered instrument entrances elicited both increased sensorimotor coupling and increased reports of perceived groove. Although untrained participants were more likely to rate music as higher in groove, trained participants showed greater propensity for tapping along, and they did so more accurately. The quality of synchronization of head movements with the music, however, did not differ as a function of training. Our results shed new light on the relationship between complex musical scenes, attention, and spontaneous sensorimotor behavior.
Estimating the burden of invasive Group B Streptococcal disease in young infants in southern mainland China: an observational study. (2015)

This is the first study specifically investigating the incidence of GBS invasive disease in infants in southern mainland China. Incidence and case fatality were low but further research is needed in larger, more diverse cohorts to estimate disease burden for the broader Chinese population.
Alternative strategies for removing bromate (1994)

For all the potential bromate removal processes evaluated, analysis of the treated water showed the formation of bromide ion, indicating that chemical reduction of the bromate is the primary removal mechanism. Stage 1 of the Disinfectants–Disinfection By‐Products Rule specifies a maximum contaminant level of 10 μg/L for bromate ion, a by‐product of the ozonation of natural water containing bromide ion. Several options for removing bromate after its formation are evaluated: reduction with ferrous iron (Fe 2+ ), reduction on the surface of activated carbon, ultraviolet irradiation, and high‐energy electron beam irradiation. For all the processes, bromide was found in the treated water, which indicates that the dominating mechanism of bromate removal is chemical reduction. If Fe 2+ is introduced after preozonation, it may function both as a reducing agent for bromate and as a coagulant for dissolved organic carbon removal.
Approximating Subtree Distances Between Phylogenies (2006)

We give a 5-approximation algorithm to the rooted Subtree-Prune-and-Regraft (rSPR) distance between two phylogenies, which was recently shown to be NP-complete. This paper presents the first approximation result for this important tree distance. The algorithm follows a standard format for tree distances. The novel ideas are in the analysis. In the analysis, the cost of the algorithm uses a "cascading" scheme that accounts for possible wrong moves. This accounting is missing from previous analysis of tree distance approximation algorithms. Further, we show how all algorithms of this type can be implemented in linear time and give experimental results.
IllumiRoom (2013)

IllumiRoom is a proof-of-concept system that augments the area surrounding a television with projected visualizations to enhance traditional gaming experiences. We investigate how projected visualizations in the periphery can negate, include, or augment the existing physical environment and complement the content displayed on the television screen. Peripheral projected illusions can change the appearance of the room, induce apparent motion, extend the field of view, and enable entirely new physical gaming experiences. Our system is entirely self-calibrating and is designed to work in any room. We present a detailed exploration of the design space of peripheral projected illusions and we demonstrate ways to trigger and drive such illusions from gaming content. We also contribute specific feedback from two groups of target users (10 gamers and 15 game designers); providing insights for enhancing game experiences through peripheral projected illusions.
Characterization of Cerebral Energetics and Brain pH by 31P Spectroscopy after Graded Canine Cardiac Arrest and Bypass Reperfusion (1990)

Recovery of cerebral energy metabolism is used to indicate CNS viability after ischemia. This study utilized 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to measure cerebral energy state and intracellular pH in dogs subjected to 8, 12, or 16 min of cardiac arrest and reperfusion using cardiopulmonary bypass. Spectra were obtained throughout ischemia and initial reperfusion and repeated at 30 and 144 h post ischemia. Neurologic deficit scoring was performed at 12 and 24 h post insult and then daily. High-energy phosphates were depleted by the end of all ischemic intervals. Recovery occurred within 60 min of reperfusion and persisted with no differences in the rate of return between groups (p greater than 0.05). Brain pH (pHb) decreased by the end of ischemia in all groups (p less than 0.0001). Neither the pHb nadir nor its recovery differed between groups (p greater than 0.05). Although longterm neurologic outcome differed between groups, the spectra were similar. Assessment of cerebral energy state using 31P NMR spectroscopy does not appear to be a sensitive indicator of neurologic outcome after global ischemia in dogs. Return of high-energy phosphates may be a necessary but not sufficient condition for cerebral recovery after ischemia. The return of high-energy phosphates after a 16-min cardiac arrest, however, indicates a potential for neurological recovery.
The Sky is Falling - Again: Oil Price: Biggest Factor Affecting the Industry (2015)

Forum The slumping oil price is the talk of the industry. From field hands and technical teams getting laid off to slowing down of projects until 2016 or later, the oil price is affecting many in the industry. The Way Ahead Forum section editors sat down with stakeholders from different sections of the industry to get a better picture of what the recent oil price changes mean to business. What would you define as “low” in oil prices? Euan Mearns (EM): This is a good question. The best answer I can suggest is that the price is low when it falls below the level where companies can make a profit. The corollary would be that the price is high when companies make large windfall profits. Since different companies and states have different operating costs and these operating costs vary with time, there is no unique definition. But I believe at USD 50/bbl few, if any, companies are making a profit, hence we may safely assume that USD 50/bbl is low. Jared Wynveen (JW): Generally speaking, I think a low oil price is one in which we can no longer sustain continued development and expansion of our resources. Depending on the play, low pricing might be anywhere from USD 40/bbl (WTI) to USD 80/bbl, but ultimately it all depends on the specifics of the operator, the reservoir, and the product quality. James Fann (JF): Energy prices have always historically moved in cycles. Instead of thinking of a low oil price as an absolute number, for Canadian energy producers, I would suggest a low oil price would be one such as to slow down and potentially stop the development of new projects or expansions that would increase the oil supply. This price would cause supply to either decrease or remain flat.
Living polymerizations of acrylic monomers with aluminioporphyrin (1990)

Abstract Aluminioporphyrin was found to be an excellent initiator for the living polymerizations of methacrylates, acrylates, and methacrylonitrile. Porphinatoaluminium thiolate and enolate were effective in the dark, different from methylporphinatoaluminium which requires irradiation by visible light. The addition of pyridine was necessary for the polymerization of methacrylonitrile, which was accelerated by visible light. By using the living polymer of methyl methacrylate as initiator, block copolymers from acrylic monomers could be synthesized. A system composed of aluminioporphyrin and trialkylaluminium was found highly active for the polymerization of methacrylates.
F09 TXRF Analysis Using Nanoliter Droplet Methodology in Semiconductor Applications (2003)

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The fast neutron response of 4H silicon carbide semiconductor radiation detectors (2006)

Fast neutron response measurements are reported for radiation detectors based on large-volume SiC p-i-n diodes. Multiple reaction peaks are observed for 14-MeV neutron reactions with the silicon and carbon nuclides in the SiC detector. A high degree of linearity is observed for the /sup 28/Si(n,/spl alpha//sub i/) reaction set of six energy levels in the product /sup 25/Mg nucleus, and pulse height defect differences between the observed /sup 12/C(n,/spl alpha//sub 0/)/sup 28/ Si(n,/spl alpha//sub i/) energy responses are discussed. Energy spectrometry applications in fission and fusion neutron fields are also discussed.
Reduced modelling through identification on 2D incompressible laminar flows (2009)

This article presents a model reduction of laminar incompressible fluid flows in two-dimensional geometries cases. The modal identification method [Petit, Hachette, and Veyret, A modal identification method to reduce a high order model: application to heat conduction modelling, Int. J. Model. Simulation, 17, 242–250; Girault and Petit, Identification methods in non linear heat conduction, Part I: model reduction; Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 2005, 48, 105–118; Balima, Favennec, Girault, and Petit, The modal identification method in non linear heat transfer problems, Proceedings 13 International Heat Transfer Conference, Sydney, Australia, 2006] is used to derive a structure for the reduced models (RMs). These RMs are identified through a minimization algorithm where the cost function gradient is computed with the adjoint method [Balima, Favennec, Girault, and Petit, The modal identification method in non linear heat transfer problems, Proceedings 13 International Heat Transfer Conference, Sydney, Australia, 2006; Favennec, Girault, and Petit, The adjoint method coupled with the modal identification method for non linear model reduction, Inverse Probl. Sci. Eng., 2006, 14, 153–170; Balima, Réduction de modéle non linéaire par identification modale: application en thermique et comparaison avec la méthode POD-Galerkin, PhD thesis, Université de Poitiers, France, 2006]. Two laminar steady fluid flows in a pipe and in a square cavity (lid-driven cavity) are used to illustrate the study. The results show that the identified RMs are able to reproduce with accuracy the behaviour of the considered model.
Direct reduction of iron ore: potential growth in the US (1982)

An examination of the growth potential for direct reduction of iron ore in the US concludes that production will not keep pace with consumption. A potential increase in annual consumption to 11 million tonnes by 1990 exists with a projected increase in annual production from the current 850,000 t, to 3.9 million t in 1990 and 9.9 million t in 2000. By 1985 imports will represent approximately two-thirds of domestic consumption. Coal-based direct reduction capacity in the US is projected to reach 2 million tonnes/year by 1990 with an additional 4 million tonnes/year by 2000.
Experimental and Theoretical Study of Combustion under Elevated Pressure within Porous Inert Media (2017)

Abstract Gas combustion occurring within porous inert media (PIM) results in intensified heat and mass transfer in comparison to free laminar combustion. This leads to considerably lower emissions of pollutant species, that is, NO x and CO, larger flame stability range, lower thermo‐acoustic instabilities, gradual response to operative changes, and geometric flexibility of design. In this work, experiments were carried out to describe the influence of flow rate, pressure, temperature, and air‐to‐fuel ratio on the flame stability within PIM at nearly adiabatic conditions. The macroscopic thermal flame thickness and the burning velocity were calculated from measured temperature profiles and flow rates. As the main result, it was observed that the pressure effect on the burning velocity can differ considerably from that of laminar free flames, that is, the increase of pressure can positively affect the burning velocity. The obtained results were supported by theoretical modeling. A new model to average the species production rates in a volume‐averaged numerical model was proposed. The model considered spatial deviations of temperature and mass fractions along the cross‐sectional area using presumed probability density functions. Using this new model, results of burning velocities and profiles of average temperature were satisfactorily predicted when compared to experimental results shown here. Furthermore, easy‐to‐use tools for porous burner design were formulated and validated.
Identification of a cell retention signal in the B-chain of platelet-derived growth factor and in the long splice version of the A-chain. (1991)

The B-chain homodimer of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) is only very inefficiently secreted and remains largely associated with the producer cell; in contrast, the dimer of the short, and most common, splice variant of the A-chain is secreted. To identify the structural background to the differences in the secretory pattern between the different isoforms of PDGF, a set of chimeric PDGF A/B cDNAs was generated and expressed in COS cells. Analyses of the biosynthesis and processing of the corresponding products led to the identification of a determinant for cell association in the carboxy-terminal third of the PDGF B-chain precursor. Introduction of stop codons at various positions in the carboxy-terminal prosequence of the PDGF B-chain localized this determinant to an 11-amino-acid-long region (amino acids 219-229). This region contains an 8-amino-acid-long basic sequence that is homologous to a sequence present in an alternatively spliced longer version of the PDGF A-chain. In contrast to the short splice variant, the long splice A-chain version, like the B-chain, was found to remain predominantly cell associated. Thus, we have identified a conserved sequence that inhibits the secretion of some of the PDGF isoforms. Our data also suggest that switching of splicing patterns can be a mechanism to regulate the formation of secreted or cell-associated forms of PDGF-AA and possibly other growth factors.
Web Log Mining using Improved Version of Apriori Algorithm (2011)

Association Rule mining is one of the important and most popular data mining technique. It extracts interesting correlations, frequent patterns and associations among sets of items in the transaction databases or other data repositories. Most of the existing algorithms require multiple passes over the database for discovering frequent patterns resulting in a large number of disk reads and placing a huge burden on the input/output subsystem. In order to reduce repetitive disk read, a novel method of top down approach is proposed in this paper. The improved version of Apriori Algorithm greatly reduces the data base scans and avoids generation of unnecessary patterns which reduces data base scan, time and space consumption.
At the Speed of Sound: Efficient Audio Scene Classification (2020)

Efficient audio scene classification is essential for smart sensing platforms such as robots, medical monitoring, surveillance, or autonomous vehicles. We propose a retrieval-based scene classification architecture that combines recurrent neural networks and attention to compute embeddings for short audio segments. We train our framework using a custom audio loss function that captures both the relevance of audio segments within a scene and that of sound events within a segment. Using experiments on real audio scenes, we show that we can discriminate audio scenes with high accuracy after listening in for less than a second. This preserves 93% of the detection accuracy obtained after hearing the entire scene.
HBV reactivation in a HBsAg-negative patient with multiple myeloma treated with prednisolone maintenance therapy after autologous HSCT (2015)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation has previously occurred in hepatitis B surface antigen-negative patients with malignant lymphoma who received rituximab-based combination chemotherapy. However, few reports have described cases of HBV reactivation in patients with multiple myeloma thus far. We report a case of HBV reactivation in a patient with multiple myeloma treated with chemotherapy, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and maintenance steroid therapy. For the HBV reactivation, the patient was treated with the antiviral agent entecavir. The clinical symptoms and laboratory findings improved after 3 months. Further studies should target the identification of patients at high risk of HBV reactivation in multiple myeloma treated with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and steroid therapy for maintenance and establish viral prophylaxis strategies, especially in Korea, in which HBV infection is endemic.
Use of isogenic lines and simultaneous probing to identify DNA markers tightly linked to the tm-2a gene in tomato. (1988)

The Tm-2a gene of tomato confers resistance to the viral pathogen, tobacco mosaic virus. Like many economically important plant genes, Tm-2a has been characterized phenotypically and by classical linkage analysis, yet nothing is known about its gene product. We report here the isolation of two DNA clones which are very tightly linked to the Tm-2a gene. These clones were identified by testing 122 genomic clones as hybridization probes against Southern blots consisting of DNA from pairs of nearly isogenic lines with or without the Tm-2a gene. Screening such a large number of clones in a short period of time was facilitated by co-labeling and simultaneous probing of sets of up to 10 random genomic clones. Tightly linked clones were distinguished by the fact that they exhibited one or more restriction fragment length polymorphisms between the nearly isogenic lines. Tight linkage of the clones with Tm-2a was verified in a segregating F(2) population. Both mapped to the same locus 0.4 +/- 0.4 centimorgans away from Tm-2a and may provide starting points for a genomic ;;walk'' to this gene. Due to the availability of isogenic lines in many plant species, the strategy outlined in this paper should be widely applicable for selecting DNA clones tightly linked to genes of interest.
Small Signal Frequency-Domain Model of a LCC-HVDC Converter Based on an Infinite Series-Converter Approach (2018)

In this paper, an improved analytical small signal model of the line commutated converter (LCC) is developed in direct-quadrature-zero coordinates based on the assumption of infinite six-pulse converters. The dynamics of the commutation inductance and transportation delays during commutation are included in the model, and the sampling of the measurement of firing and extinction angles is added to accommodate actual converters with a finite pulse number (e.g., 12-pulse). The model is validated by comparing the frequency response with one obtained by frequency scanning in an electromagnetic transients (EMT) simulation. The model is shown to be effective in investigating system stability when the LCC is connected to an arbitrary external network. To do this, the frequency response of the combined system is plotted, and the generalized Nyquist stability criterion is applied. This stability result is validated by a time domain simulation on an EMT program using the first CIGRE HVDC benchmark system and the IEEE 14-bus system. Compared to the traditional LCC model, the proposed model is shown to have significantly better accuracy in system stability determination.