gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing Processes (2020)

No AccessDiscontinuous Fiber-Reinforced CompositesMar 2020Manufacturing ProcessesUmesh N. Gandhi, Sebastian Goris, Tim A. Osswald, Yu-Yang SongUmesh N. Gandhi, Sebastian Goris, Tim A. Osswald, Yu-Yang Songhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906958.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 59-94Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-694-1eISBN: 978-1-56990-695-8 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Selected Papers in Combinatorics: A Volume Dedicated to R.G. Stanton (1992)

Professor Stanton has had a very illustrious career. His contributions to mathematics are varied and numerous. He has not only contributed to the mathematical literature as a prominent researcher but has fostered mathematics through his teaching and guidance of young people, his organizational skills and his publishing expertise. The following briefly addresses some of the areas where Ralph Stanton has made major contributions.
Arsenic Sulfide 7×1 Multimode Fiber Combiner (2013)

We demonstrate a 7×1 multimode fiber combiner based on an arsenic sulfide glass multimode fiber with &gt; 76% per port transmission. Spectral beam combining in the mid-infrared is demonstrated through the fiber combiner.
Potential Roles of Stat1 and Stat3 in Cellular Transformation (1999)

The STAT proteins are latent cytoplasmic transcriptionfactors that become tyrosine-phosphorylated by a varietyof intracellular kinases, most often in response to cytokines and growth factors (Schindler and Darnell 1995;Darnell 1997). Receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinases(RTKs) may phosphorylate Stats directly or possibly actthrough other associated kinases of the nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) family such as src (Cao et al. 1996;Campbell et al. 1997; Olayioye et al. 1999; Vignais andGilman 1999). Cytokine receptors, in general, have Januskinases (Jaks) associated noncovalently, which after ligand-dependent trans-activation catalyze phosphate addition to tyrosine residues on the internal domains of cytokine receptors. These receptor tyrosine phosphates actas docking sites for the –SH2-containing Stats. Proximityto the activated Jaks then leads to tyrosine phosphorylation on Stats followed by SH2-phosphotyrosine-mediateddimerization, nuclear accumulation of the dimers, andparticipation in transcriptional activation...
Comparative genomics of CXCR4MUT and CXCR4WT single cells in Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (2020)

Key Points Single-cell whole-genome amplification can be used to interrogate the genomic architecture of Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia. The mutational signature of CXCR4MUT cells may be associated with alterations in DNA repairing genes and tumor suppressors.
Atherosclerotic plaque fibrous cap assessment under an oblique scan plane orientation in carotid MRI. (2014)

Carotid magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to noninvasively assess atherosclerotic plaque fibrous cap (FC) status, which is closely related to ischemic stroke. Acquiring anisotropic voxels improves in-plane visualization, however, an oblique scan plane orientation could then obscure a FC (i.e., contrast below the noise level) and thus impair a reliable status assessment. To quantify this, we performed single-slice numerical simulations of a clinical 3.0T, 2D T1-weighted, black-blood, contrast-enhanced pulse sequence with various voxel dimensions: in-plane voxel size of 0.62 mm × 0.62 mm and 0.31 mm × 0.31 mm, slice thickness of 1, 2, and 3 mm. Idealized plaque models (FC thickness of 0.5, 1, and 1.5 mm) were imaged at various scan plane angles (0°-40° in steps of 10°), and the FC contrast was quantified. We found that when imaging thin FCs with anisotropic voxels, the FC contrast decreased when the scan plane orientation angle increased. However, a reduced in-plane voxel size at the cost of an increased slice thickness often led to enhanced FC contrast even in the presence of scan plane orientation angles of up to 40°. It can be concluded that while isotropic-voxel imaging eliminates the issue of scan plane obliqueness, it comes at the cost of reduced FC contrast, thus likely decreasing the reliability of FC status assessment in carotid MRI. If scan plane orientation obliquity at the slice of interest is moderate (<40°) or otherwise diminished through careful scan planning, voxel anisotropy could increase FC contrast and, in effect, increase the reliability of FC status assessment.
Abstract 18745: Outcomes of Mechanical Circulatory Support for Patients With Functionally Single-Ventricle Physiology at Different Stages of Surgical Palliation (2013)

Introduction: Mechanical circulatory support (MCS) for functionally single ventricle (SV) physiology poses significant challenges. We sought to analyze the results of MCS at 4 different stages of the surgical palliation process. Methods: From 2003 to 2013, 86 SV patients required MCS: Group 1, before any surgical palliation (n=13, 15%), Group 2, between stage I and II (n=59, 69%), Group 3, between stage II and Fontan (n=10, 12%), Group 4, after Fontan (n=4, 5%). Indications for MCS included failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass in 6 (7%) patients, circulatory failure in 7 (8%), respiratory failure in 9 (10%), cardiopulmonary failure in 4 (5%), and cardiac arrest in 58 (67%). Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare freedom from death and freedom from failure to wean between groups. Cox analysis was used to determine risk factors. Results: The median MCS duration was 3 days (IQR, 1-6). Of 86 patients, 58 (67%) were successfully weaned: 32 (37%) patients recovered, 8 (9%) were transplanted, 12 (14%) had operation/reoperation, and 1 (1%) had conversion to a different form of MCS. Fifty-two (60%) patients had complications including bleeding in 20, thromboembolism in 9, sepsis in 12, neurologic injury in 6, and multi-organ failure in 5. Thirteen patients required a second run of MCS. Freedom from death at 6 months after MCS initiation was comparable between the groups (Group 1, 23%, Group 2, 33%, Group 3, 15%, Group 4, 50%, p=0.66; Figure 1). Failure to wean from MCS was also comparable among the groups (p=0.46). Cox analysis revealed MCS-related complications as a risk factor for death (p=0.006) and longer duration of arrest as a risk factor for inability to wean from ECMO (p=0.036). The timing of MCS was not a risk factor for poor outcomes. Conclusions: Two thirds of SV patients who required MCS were rescued, although subsequent survival is generally poor across all stages of palliation. Given the poor outcomes in this cohort, consideration of alternative strategies is warranted.
Improved Vascularization of Planar Membrane Diffusion Devices following Continuous Infusion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2000)

Improving blood vessel formation around an immunobarrier device should improve the survival of the encapsulated tissue. In the present study we investigated the formation of new blood vessels around a planar membrane diffusion device (the Baxter Theracyte System) undergoing a continuous infusion of vascular endothelial growth factor through the membranes and into the surrounding tissue. Each device (20 microl) had both an inner immunoisolation membrane and an outer vascularizing membrane. Human recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor-165 was infused at 100 ng/day (low dose: n = 6) and 500 ng/day (high dose: n = 7) for 10 days into devices implanted s.c. in Sprague-Dawley rats; noninfused devices transplanted for an identical period were used as controls (n = 5). Two days following the termination of VEGF infusion, devices were loaded with 20 microl of Lispro insulin (1 U/kg) and the kinetics of insulin release from the lumen of the device was assessed. Devices were then explanted and the number of blood vessels (capillary and noncapillary) was quantified using morphometry. High-dose vascular endothelial growth factor infusion resulted in two- to threefold more blood vessels around the device than that obtained with the noninfused devices and devices infused with low-dose vascular endothelial growth factor. This increase in the number of blood vessels was accompanied by a modest increase in insulin diffusion from the device in the high-dose vascular endothelial growth factor infusion group. We conclude that vascular endothelial growth factor can be used to improve blood vessel formation adjacent to planar membrane diffusion devices.
Lansoprazole provided more effective and faster relief for heartburn than did omeprazole in erosive esophagitis (2002)

Source Citation Richter JE, Kahrilas PJ, Sontag SJ, et al. Comparing lansoprazole and omeprazole in onset of heartburn relief: results of a randomized, controlled trial in erosive esophagitis patients. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Nov;96:3089-98. 11721754 (All 2002 articles were reviewed for relevancy, and abstracts were last revised in 2008.)
Towards real-time multi-modality 3-D medical image registration (2002)

Intensity value-based registration is a widely used technique for the spatial alignment of medical images. Generally, the registration transformation is determined by iteratively optimizing a similarity measure calculated from the grey values of both images. However, such algorithms may have high computational costs, especially in the case of multi-modality registration, which makes their integration into systems difficult. At present, registration based on mutual information (MI) still requires computation times of the order of several minutes. In this contribution we focus on a new similarity measure based on local correlation (LC) which is well-suited for numerical optimization. We show that LC can be formulated as a least-squares criterion which allows the use of dedicated methods. Thus, it is possible to register MR neuro perfusion time-series (128/sup 2//spl times/30 voxel, 40 images) on a moderate workstation in real-time: the registration of an image takes about 500 ms and is therefore several times faster than image acquisition time. For the registration of CT-MR images (512/sup 2//spl times/87 CT 256/sup 2//spl times/128 MR) a multiresolution framework is used. On top of the decomposition, which requires 47 s of computation time, the optimization with an algorithm based on Ml previously described in the literature takes 97 s. In contrast, the proposed approach only takes 13 s, corresponding to a speedup about a factor of 7. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the superior computational performance of LC is not gained at the expense of accuracy. In particular experiments with dual contrast MR images providing ground truth for the registration show a comparable sub-voxel accuracy of LC and MI similarity.
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Carbasugars from D-Mannose. Syntheses of 5a-Carba-α-D-allose, β-L-Talose, and α-L-Gulose Pentaacetates (2002)

A stereodivergent entry to 5a-carba-d- and l-pyranoses from a single precursor is described. The approach is based on the selective deoxygenation of polyoxygenated methylcyclohexane intermediates, readily available from radical cyclization of d-mannose derivatives. This strategy has been applied to the preparation of 5a-carba-α-d-allo-, 5a-carba-β-l-talo-, and 5a-carba-α-l-gulopyranose pentaacetates.
A Quantitative Proteomic Comparison of Cystinotic and Control Fibroblasts (2012)

The literature concerning the association of the basal cell nevus syndrome with cleft lip and/or palate is surveyed. Seventeen cases, including two of our own patients, are discussed. Fifteen of the patients were males. Orofacial clefting appears to be an uncommon but definite symptom of the basal cell nevus syndrome. The male-female ratio of clefting in this syndrome is statistically not different from the ratio in the normal population.
Turning the Finger into a Writing Tool (2019)

A novel writing platform composed of a wearable sensor on the fingernail and classification algorithms is described. Findings from using this platform to translate fingertip writing into shapes, letters, and numbers on a range of surfaces are reported. The new wearable platform leverages an architecture with miniaturized electronic circuitry to precisely measure a set of forces in the longitudinal and transverse directions using multiple strain gauges. We find that the directional pressure patterns are translated from the fingertip to the fingernail. Deformation of fingernails in the longitudinal and transverse directions are detected by the fingernail sensor which sends the data wirelessly to a portable electronic system. Fingernail pressure patterns are categorized through signal processing to recognize a range of shapes, numbers, and letters, enabling fingertip writing recognition. Use of the writing platform following a short training session, shows human fingertip writing on multiple surfaces were automatically transcribed to a computer.
The variation of read-out signal in an optical disc system having the amplitude modulated apodizer (2003)

The most straightforward methods to increase the density of an optical disc are to use a shorter wavelength laser diode, to increase the numerical aperture of the objective lens, and to use an apodizer. Especially, the apodizer causes the diffraction image formed on the disc to be smaller and the read-out signal to increase. In the paper we investigate numerically the variation of read-out signal in an optical disc system with the amplitude modulated apodizer, using a scalar diffraction theory. The considered apodizers are the truncated Gaussian apodizers, the shaded apodizers, and the central obstruction apodizers.
Light extraction and optical loss mechanisms in organic light-emitting diodes: Influence of the emitter quantum efficiency (2008)

The internal quantum efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) can reach values close to 100% if phosphorescent emitters to harvest triplet excitons are used; however, the fraction of light that is actually leaving the device is considerably less. Loss mechanisms are, for example, waveguiding in the organic layers and the substrate as well as the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons at metallic electrodes. Additionally, absorption in the organic layers and the electrodes can play a role. In this work we use numerical simulations to identify and quantify different loss mechanisms. Changing simulation parameters, for example, the distance of the emitter material to the cathode or thicknesses of the various layers, enables us to study their influence on the fraction of light leaving the OLED. An important parameter in these simulations and for the actual device is the radiative quantum efficiency q, which is defined as the efficiency of radiative exciton decay in an unbounded space filled by the emitting dye and its matrix. The simulations show that due to microcavity effects the radiative decay channel can be considerably changed in an OLED as compared to free space emission of a dipole. Thus the knowledge of the radiative quantum efficiency is crucial for the optimization of OLEDs. As an example, we present simulations of bottom-emitting OLEDs based on the well-known green emitter tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum with transparent indium tin oxide anode and a calcium/aluminum cathode.
Intracerebral Infusion of Antisense Oligonucleotides Into Prion-infected Mice (2012)

Mice deficient for the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) do not develop prion disease; accordingly, gene-based strategies to diminish PrP(C) expression are of interest. We synthesized a series of chemically modified antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) targeted against mouse Prnp messenger RNA (mRNA) and identified those that were most effective in decreasing PrP(C) expression. Those ASOs were also evaluated in scrapie-infected cultured cells (ScN2a) for their efficacy in diminishing the levels of the disease-causing prion protein (PrP(Sc)). When the optimal ASO was infused intracerebrally into FVB mice over a 14-day period beginning 1 day after infection with the Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) strain of mouse prions, a prolongation of the incubation period of almost 2 months was observed. Whether ASOs can be used to develop an effective therapy for patients dying of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease remains to be established.
Free-standing, thin-film sensors for the trace detection of explosives (2021)

In a world focused on the development of cybersecurity, many densely populated areas and transportation hubs are still susceptible to terrorist attacks via improvised explosive devices (IEDs). These devices frequently employ a combination of peroxide based explosives as well as nitramines, nitrates, and nitroaromatics. Detection of these explosives can be challenging due to varying chemical composition and the extremely low vapor pressures exhibited by some explosive compounds. No electronic trace detection system currently exists that is capable of continuously monitoring both peroxide based explosives and certain nitrogen based explosives, or their precursors, in the vapor phase. Recently, we developed a thermodynamic sensor that can detect a multitude of explosives in the vapor phase at the parts-per-trillion (ppt) level. The sensors rely on the catalytic decomposition of the explosive and specific oxidation-reduction reactions between the energetic molecule and metal oxide catalyst; i.e. the heat effects associated with catalytic decomposition and redox reactions between the decomposition products and catalyst are measured. Improved sensor response and selectivity were achieved by fabricating free-standing, ultrathin film (1 µm thick) microheater sensors for this purpose. The fabrication method used here relies on the interdiffusion mechanics between a copper (Cu) adhesion layer and the palladium (Pd) microheater sensor. A detailed description of the fabrication process to produce a free-standing 1 µm thick sensor is presented.
Supplementary File 2 from Genome-Wide Functional Synergy between Amplified and Mutated Genes in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary File 2 from Genome-Wide Functional Synergy between Amplified and Mutated Genes in Human Breast Cancer
Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis Treated with Amphotericin B Colloidal Dispersion in Three Patients (1998)

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (zygomycosis) primarily affects diabetic or immunosuppressed patients and typically progresses rapidly, necessitating surgical excision and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B. Large doses of amphotericin B are required for cure, causing significant renal toxicity. Amphotericin B colloidal dispersion (ABCD; Amphocil, Sequus Pharmaceuticals, Menlo Park, CA) is a 1:1 complex of cholesteryl sulfate and amphotericin B, which results in significant reduction of toxicity, especially nephrotoxicity. We describe three patients with life-threatening rhinocerebral mucormycosis treated with ABCD. All patients had high serum creatinine levels due to prior treatment with amphotericin B; these levels reverted to normal during treatment with ABCD. Two patients with diabetes mellitus were cured after receiving a combination of surgery and ABCD therapy. The third patient, who had myelodysplastic syndrome, had an initial good response, with cure of the fungal infection; however, he eventually died of his primary illness. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first detailed clinical description of the treatment of mucormycosis with ABCD.
Zinc Oxide Nanostructures and High Electron Mobility Nanocomposite Thin Film Transistors (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper reports on the synthesis of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures and examines the performance of nanocomposite thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated using ZnO dispersed in both n- and p-type polymer host matrices. The ZnO nanostructures considered here comprise nanowires and tetrapods and were synthesized using vapor phase deposition techniques involving the carbothermal reduction of solid-phase zinc-containing compounds. Measurement results of nanocomposite TFTs based on dispersion of ZnO nanorods in an n-type organic semiconductor ([6, 6]-phenyl-<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{C}_{61}$</tex></formula>-butyric acid methyl ester) show electron field-effect mobilities in the range 0.3–0.6 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{cm}^{2} \hbox{V}^{-1}\hbox{s}^{-1}$</tex></formula>, representing an approximate enhancement by as much as a factor of 40 from the pristine state. The on/off current ratio of the nanocomposite TFTs approach <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{10}^{6}$</tex></formula> at saturation with off-currents on the order of 10 pA. The results presented here, although preliminary, show a highly promising enhancement for realization of high-performance solution-processable n-type organic TFTs. </para>
A pronounced thymic B cell deficiency in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat (1997)

In an attempt to elucidate the origin of the T cell lymphopenia and/or the beta-cell-specific autoimmunity observed in diabetes-prone Bio-Breeding (DP-BB) rats, a thymic cDNA library was subjected to differential screening with thymic cDNA probes of DP-BB rats and nonlymphopenic nondiabetic controls. This approach resulted in the identification of a prominent lack of thymic B cells in DP-BB rats. This deficiency is distinct from a less pronounced peripheral B cell deficiency of different timing. The thymic B cell defect is linked to the lymphopenia trait on chromosome 4 and thereby with susceptibility to diabetes in crosses involving the DP-BB rat. In conclusion, our data suggest that the contribution of thymic B cells to the (negative) selection of thymocytes is inadequate in DP-BB rats, thus providing a plausible explanation for at least some of the spontaneous autoimmune phenomena in this animal model.
Word-Level Confidence Estimation for RNN Transducers (2021)

Confidence estimate is an often requested feature in applications such as medical transcription where errors can impact patient care and the confidence estimate could be used to alert medical professionals to verify potential errors in recognition. In this paper, we present a lightweight neural confidence model tailored for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system with Recurrent Neural Network Transducers (RNN-T). Compared to other existing approaches, our model utilizes: (a) the time information associated with recognized words, which reduces the computational complexity, and (b) a simple and elegant trick for mapping between sub-word and word sequences. The mapping addresses the non-unique tokenization and token deletion problems while amplifying differences between confusable words. Through extensive empirical evaluations on two different long-form test sets, we demonstrate that the model achieves a performance of 0.4 Normalized Cross Entropy (NCE) and 0.05 Expected Calibration Error (ECE). It is robust across different ASR configurations, including target types (graphemes vs. morphemes), traffic conditions (streaming vs. non-streaming), and encoder types. We further discuss the importance of evaluation metrics to reflect practical applications and highlight the need for further work in improving Area Under the Curve (AUC) for Negative Precision Rate (NPV) and True Negative Rate (TNR).