gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific high-affinity binding and biologic action of retinoic acid in human neuroblastoma cell lines. (1983)

Neuroblastoma cells are a good model for neuronal development because of their ability to extend neurites in response to various stimuli, including retinoic acid. In the present experiments, we have examined five human neuroblastoma cell lines (LA-N-1, IMR-32, LA-N-5, SK-N-MC, and CHP-100) for the presence of cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP), a receptor-like protein implicated in the molecular functioning of vitamin A. CRABP is identified and quantitated by sucrose gradient centrifugation, selective inhibition by the mercurial reagent p-chloromercuribenzene sulfonic acid (PCMBS), and saturation analysis. All five lines contain significant levels of cytosolic CRABP (2.5-7.5 pmol/mg of protein), which display typical properties of specific high affinity retinoic acid binding, a sedimentation coefficient of 2 S, and inhibition by PCMBS. Three of the lines (LA-N-1, IMR-32, and LA-N-5) are strongly growth inhibited by 1 microM retinoic acid in monolayer culture, whereas two (LA-N-1 and LA-N-5) undergo marked differentiation to a stellate, fusiform morphology with characteristic neurite outgrowths. The SK-N-MC and CHP-100 lines are relatively resistant to the antiproliferative effects of retinoic acid under these conditions. Nevertheless, all five lines are effectively inhibited by retinoic acid in their ability to form anchorage-independent colonies in soft agar. Thus, although CRABP is not necessarily correlated with growth inhibition in monolayer culture, it is associated with retinoic acid's ability to inhibit neuroblastoma colony formation in soft agar. More experiments will be required to determine if this effect on growth in soft agar reflects the putative ability of retinoic acid to convert tumorigenic neuroblastoma cell lines into the normal differentiated phenotype.
Urban mining by flash Joule heating (2021)

Precious metal recovery from electronic waste, termed urban mining, is important for a circular economy. Present methods for urban mining, mainly smelting and leaching, suffer from lengthy purification processes and negative environmental impacts. Here, a solvent-free and sustainable process by flash Joule heating is disclosed to recover precious metals and remove hazardous heavy metals in electronic waste within one second. The sample temperature ramps to ~3400 K in milliseconds by the ultrafast electrical thermal process. Such a high temperature enables the evaporative separation of precious metals from the supporting matrices, with the recovery yields >80% for Rh, Pd, Ag, and >60% for Au. The heavy metals in electronic waste, some of which are highly toxic including Cr, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb, are also removed, leaving a final waste with minimal metal content, acceptable even for agriculture soil levels. Urban mining by flash Joule heating would be 80× to 500× less energy consumptive than using traditional smelting furnaces for metal-component recovery and more environmentally friendly.
Search for heavy resonances decaying to a Z boson and a photon in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2016)

This Letter presents a search for new resonances with mass larger than 250 GeV, decaying to a Z boson and a photon. The dataset consists of an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb -1 of pp collisions collected at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The Z bosons are identified through their decays either to charged, light, lepton pairs (e + e -, + -) or to hadrons. The data are found to be consistent with the expected background in the whole mass range investigated and upper limits are set on the production cross section times decay branching ratio to Z of a narrow scalar boson with mass between 250 GeV and 2.75 TeV.
The repurposing of Tebipenem pivoxil as alternative therapy for severe gastrointestinal infections caused by extensively drug-resistant Shigella spp. (2021)

BACKGROUND: Diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes of childhood mortality globally. Recent epidemiological studies conducted in low-middle income countries (LMICs) identified Shigella spp. as the first and second most predominant agent of dysentery and moderate diarrhoea, respectively. Antimicrobial therapy is often necessary for Shigella infections; however, we are reaching a crisis point with efficacious antimicrobials. The rapid emergence of resistance against existing antimicrobials in Shigella spp. poses a serious global health problem. METHODS: Aiming to identify alternative antimicrobial chemicals with activity against antimicrobial resistant Shigella, we initiated a collaborative academia-industry drug discovery project, applying high-throughput phenotypic screening across broad chemical diversity and followed a lead compound through in vitro and in vivo characterisation. RESULTS: We identified several known antimicrobial compound classes with antibacterial activity against Shigella. These compounds included the oral carbapenem Tebipenem, which was found to be highly potent against broadly susceptible Shigella and contemporary MDR variants for which we perform detailed pre-clinical testing. Additional in vitro screening demonstrated that Tebipenem had activity against a wide range of other non-Shigella enteric bacteria. Cognisant of the risk for the development of resistance against monotherapy, we identified synergistic behaviour of two different drug combinations incorporating Tebipenem. We found the orally bioavailable prodrug (Tebipenem pivoxil) had ideal pharmacokinetic properties for treating enteric pathogens and was effective in clearing the gut of infecting organisms when administered to Shigella-infected mice and gnotobiotic piglets. CONCLUSIONS: Our data highlight the emerging antimicrobial resistance crisis and shows that Tebipenem pivoxil (licenced for paediatric respiratory tract infections in Japan) should be accelerated into human trials and could be repurposed as an effective treatment for severe diarrhoea caused by MDR Shigella and other enteric pathogens in LMICs. FUNDING: Tres Cantos Open Lab Foundation (projects TC239 and TC246), the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP1172483) and Wellcome (215515/Z/19/Z).
Low-power Multi-Gb/s Wireline Communication (2011)

This thesis discusses low-power wireline receivers with particular focus on clocking&#13;\ncircuitry and architectures. These clocking solutions can be used for a 1-D partial&#13;\nresponse channel as well as for a conventional DC coupled channel. The receiver front end for a 1-D channel requires more consideration to recover an NRZ signal from the received narrow pulses. Two possible solutions are presented. First, a full-rate detection technique is presented, where the speed is limited by the settling time of a latch circuit which has to be less than 1 UI. Second, a novel demuxing technique is introduced. It is&#13;\ndemonstrated through theory, simulation and measurement results that the half-rate&#13;\narchitecture can improve maximum achievable speed by a factor of 1.6.&#13;\nThe distribution and alignment of high-frequency clocks across a wide bus of links&#13;\nis a signi¯cant challenge in modern computing systems. A low power clock source is demonstrated by incorporating a bu®er into a cross-coupled oscillator. Because the&#13;\nload is isolated from the tank, the oscillator can directly drive 50-Ohm impedances or large capacitive loads with no additional bu®ering. Using this topology, a quadrature VCO (QVCO) is implemented in 0.13 um digital CMOS. The QVCO oscillates at 20&#13;\nGHz, consumes 20 mW and provides 12% tuning range.&#13;\nInjection locked oscillators (ILOs) are an attractive clocking tool for low-power area-&#13;\ne±cient wireline receivers. In this work, we explored their use as a clock deskew element, a clock recovery unit and a programmable jitter lter. A study of both LC and ring ILOs indicates signi¯cant variation in their jitter tracking bandwidth when used to provide large phase shifts. By selectively injecting di®erent phases of a quadrature-LC or ring VCO, this problem is obviated resulting in reduced phase noise.&#13;\nFirst, an ILO based half-rate clock recovery technique is presented, which can be used for AC coupled links where low frequency signal components are attenuated by&#13;\nthe channel. The nonlinear path comprises a hysteresis latch that recovers the missing&#13;\nlow frequency content and a linear path that boosts the high frequency component by&#13;\ntaking advantage of the high pass channel response. By optimally combining them, the&#13;\nfront-end recovers NRZ signals up to 13 Gb/s burning only 26 mW in 90 nm CMOS. A simple theory and simulation technique for ILO-based receivers is discussed. The clock&#13;\nrecovery technique is veried with experimental results at 5-10 Gb/s in 90 nm CMOS consuming 70 mW and acquiring lock within 1.5 ns.&#13;\nSecond, a clock forwarded 65nm CMOS receiver uses two ILOs to frequency- multiply,&#13;\ndeskew, and track correlated jitter on a pulsed clock forwarded from the transmitter.&#13;\nDi®erent data rates and latency mismatch between the clock and data paths are ac-&#13;\ncommodated by a jitter tracking bandwidth that is controllable up to 300MHz. Each&#13;\nreceiver consumes 0.92 pJ/bit operating at 7.4 Gb/s and has a jitter tolerance of 1.5&#13;\nUI at 200MHz.
CCR9 is a homing receptor for plasmacytoid dendritic cells to the small intestine (2007)

Small intestine plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) are poorly characterized. Here, we demonstrate that intestinal pDC show the characteristic plasma cell-like morphology, and are recognized by antibodies against B220, Ly6c, 120G8, and PDCA-1, markers that are typically expressed by pDC. Furthermore, intestinal pDC carry high levels of CCR9 and are largely absent in the intestine, but not in lung, liver, or secondary lymphoid organs of CCR9-deficient animals. Competitive adoptive transfers reveal that CCR9-deficient pDC are impaired in homing to the small intestine after i.v. transfer. In a model of cholera toxin-induced gut inflammation, pDC are recruited to the intestine in WT but not CCR9-deficient animals. Furthermore, after oral application of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 ligand, myeloid DC of the lamina propria are rapidly mobilized in WT but not in CCR9-deficient animals. Mobilization of myeloid DC can be completely rescued by adoptively transferred WT pDC to CCR9-deficient mice before oral challenge. Together, our data reveal an essential role for CCR9 in the homing of pDC to the intestine under homeostatic and inflammatory conditions and demonstrate an important role for intestinal pDC for the rapid mobilization of lamina propria DC.
Specific Acquired Resistance in Mice Immunized with Killed Mycobacteria (2002)

Past attempts to raise resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using various preparations of killed mycobacteria have questioned the specificity of the generated immune response. In the present study, we have focused on the protective efficacy of experimental vaccines based on killed mycobacteria. We demonstrate that killed mycobacteria can confer high levels of protection, which can be adoptively transferred to recipient T-cell-deficient mice. Moreover, protective antigens can be found in the cell wall, membrane and cytosol of the mycobacterial cell, and hence emphasize the importance of searching for protective antigens in various compartments of the mycobacterial cell.
Differentiation betweenMycobacterium bovisBCG-Vaccinated andM. bovis-Infected Cattle by Using Recombinant Mycobacterial Antigens (1999)

Tuberculosis continues to be a worldwide problem for both humans and animals. The development of tests to differentiate between infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis and vaccination with M. bovis BCG could greatly assist in the diagnosis of early infection as well as enhance the use of tuberculosis vaccines on a wider scale. Recombinant forms of four major secreted proteins of M. bovis-MPB59, MPB64, MPB70, and ESAT-6-were tested in a whole-blood gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) assay for differentiation between cattle vaccinated with BCG and those experimentally infected with M. bovis. BCG vaccination induced minimal protection in the present study, with similar numbers of animals infected with M. bovis in BCG-vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups. Following vaccination with BCG, the animals produced moderate IFN-gamma responses to bovine purified protein derivative (PPDB) but very weak responses to the recombinant antigens. Cattle from both the BCG-vaccinated and nonvaccinated groups which were M. bovis culture positive following challenge produced IFN-gamma responses to PPDB and ESAT-6 which were significantly stronger than those observed in the corresponding M. bovis culture-negative animals. IFN-gamma responses to MPB59, MPB64, and MPB70 were significantly weaker, and these antigens could not discriminate between vaccinated animals which develop disease and the culture-negative animals. The results of the study indicate that of the four antigens tested in the IFN-gamma assay, only ESAT-6 would be suitable for differentiating BCG-vaccinated animals from those infected with bovine tuberculosis.
Ultrafast interleaved gradient‐echo‐planar imaging on a standard scanner (1993)

Ultra-fast imaging traditionally implies either echo-planar imaging on specially developed gradient systems, or very short repetition time gradient-echo imaging on standard magnetic resonance imaging scanners. An alternative strategy for very fast imaging with conventional whole-body scanners is discussed here. The technique is a hybrid, whereby the advantages of gradient-echo imaging and echo-planar imaging are combined. It is here denoted interleaved gradient-echo-planar imaging. It is not a single specific measurement sequence, but rather a continuum of sequences whereby multiple excitations with multiple gradient-echos are employed. The power of this fast imaging approach is that one has much more flexibility toward the optimization of the measurement sequence with respect to imaging time, T2 relaxation, gradient power, resolution, image distortion, and signal-to-noise ratio. In vivo human heart images, acquired in 110 ms, and with a resolution of 2.5 mm, have been obtained with a standard whole-body scanner.
Mechanisms of Tumor and Viral Immune Escape from Natural Killer Cell-Mediated Surveillance (2011)

Human natural killer (NK) cells recognize and efficiently eliminate MHC class I low or negative malignant targets and virally infected host cells, without requirement for prior sensitization. However, viruses and various tumor cells display elaborate adaptations to evade and overcome immunosurveillance. The current review focuses on escape mechanisms of viruses and malignantly transformed 'stressed' cells to evade from NK cell cytotoxicity. A general overview of recent clinical studies using allogeneic donor NK cells is given, summarizing first data about a possible benefit for patients suffering from high-risk leukemia and solid tumors. Finally, the review discusses the future perspectives and hypotheses aiming to improve therapeutic NK cell strategies against tumor immune escape mechanisms.
Medical thermal imaging of electrically stimulated woman breast: A simulation study (2011)

Tissues have different electrical conductivity and metabolic energy consumption values depending on their state of health and species. Since metabolic heat generation values show differences from tissue to tissue, thermal imaging has started to play an important role in medical diagnoses. Temperature differences of healthy and cancerous tissue may be changed by means of frequency dependent current stimulation within medical safety limits, and thus, depth dependent imaging performance can be increased. In this study, a three-dimensional realistic model of a woman breast and malignant tissue is generated and frequency dependent feasibility work for the proposed method is implemented. Temperature distributions are obtained by solving Pennes Bio Heat Equation (using finite element method). Temporal and spatial temperature distribution images are obtained at desired depths for two cases; with and without current application. Different temperature distributions are imaged by altering the frequency of the applied current and the corresponding conductivity value. Improvement in the imaging performance can be provided by current stimulation, and the temperature difference generated by 40 mm(3) tumor at 1.5 cm depth can be detected on breast surface with the state-of-the-art thermal imagers.
CLINICAL ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY 2 (2014)

Introduction and Aims: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an important public health problem. AKI is a risk factor for progression of kidney disease, incidence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and mortality. The aim of the study was to assess characteristics, renal survival and mortality of patients who developed AKI stage 3, according to KDIGO guidelines, and needed renal replacement therapy (RRT), not in intensive care unit. Methods: All patients who required RRT due to AKI stage 3 along two years were included, excluding patients in intensive care unit. Demographic and personal history data, previous renal function, cause of AKI, renal function, renal survival, and mortality at one, three, six and twelve months after AKI were recorded. Results: A total of 107 patients were enrolled (incidence 134 patients/106 population/ year). Mean age 72.213.9 (range 25-92), 57.9% men. Patient's characteristics: 77.6% were hypertensive, 40.2% were diabetics, 45.8% were dyslipemics, 41.1% were obese, 27.1% were smokers, and 61.2% with chronic renal failure (eFG<60mil/min) of which 54% stage 3, 36.5% stage 4, and 9.5% stage 5. Cause of AKI: renal disease 63.6%, prerrenal 28.9% and obstructive causes 7.5%.Renal function: Serum creatinine before AKI 1.781.12 mg/dL; maximum serum creatinine during AKI hospitalization 7.39 4.43mg/dL; at discharge, 2.641.62mg/dL; one month later, 2.071.36mg/dL; three months later, 2.351.60mg/dL; six months later, 2.251.85mg/dL and one year later, 1.951.14 mg/dL.During hospitalization, 24.3% died, 16.8% kept on RRT at discharge, and 58.9% recovered partial or completely renal function. One month after AKI, 31.7% had died, 15.8% kept on RRT, and 52.5% preserved renal function, 5.6% was missing. Three months later, 45.7% died, 10.9% kept on RRT, and 43.5% preserved renal function, 14% was missing. Six months later, 48.3% had die, 10% kept on RRT, and 33.3% preserved renal function, 8.3% were missing. Finally, one year after AKI, 71.8% of patients had died, 9.9% needed RRT, 18.3% recovered partial or completely renal function and 33.6% missing. AKI in diabetic or dyslipemic patients has an increased mortality ( p=0.03 and p=0.06 respectively). CKD before AKI is not associated with increased mortality.Renal function according to KDOQI classification of patients who had AKI stage 3 was: at discharge: stage 1 1.6%, 2 16.1%, 3 24.2%, 4 37.1% and 5 21.0%; three months after AKI : stage 1 2.5%, 2 15%, 3 30%, 4 32.5% and 5 17.5%; six months after AKI: 1 6.5%, 2 12.9%, 3 38.7%, 4 19.4% and 5 19.4% and one year after AKI, renal function was: 2 25%, 3 41.7%, 4 25% and 5 8.3%. Conclusions: In our health area AKI stage 3 requiring RRT have a incidence similar to other studies. Mortality in AKI patients exceeds 70% one year after AKI episode and renal survival decreases in this period. Nephrology follow-up must be established in patients who survive AKI. The develop of tools to identify high-risk patients and to promote renal recovery is important to reduce burden of CKD and mortality.
Abstract 1717: Calorie Restriction Reduces MMP-2 Activity and Retards Age-associated Aortic Restructuring in Rats (2006)

Calorie restriction (CR) is a reproducible approach to extend longevity in rodents. Arterial intimal thickening, with increased matrix-metalloproteinase-type-II (MMP2) activation and changes in oth...
Comparative Study of the Asparagine-Linked Sugar Chains of Human Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase Purified from Urine and Amniotic Fluid, and Recombinantly Expressed in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (2000)

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is a highly glycosylated member of the lipocalin gene family and is secreted into various human body fluids. We comparatively analyzed the structures of asparagine-linked sugar chains of human L-PGDS produced by recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells and naturally occurring human urine and amniotic fluid. After the sugar chains were liberated by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation, they were derivatized with 2-aminobenzamide. All of the sugar chains of three L-PGDSs occur as biantennary complex-type sugar chains. Most of the sugar chains of three samples were fucosylated on the inner most N-acetylglucosamine residue. Although the sugar chains of the recombinant L-PGDS do not contain any bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residues, 58% and 34% of the fucosylated-sugar chains of amniotic fluid and urine L-PGDSs, respectively, contain bisecting N-acetylglucosamine residues. The sialic acid residues occur solely as Siaalpha2-->3Gal groups of the recombinant L-PGDS; the sialic acid residues of other L-PGDS occur as both Siaalpha2-->3Gal and Siaalpha2-->6Gal groups. Variations in L-PGDS glycosylation may prove useful as markers to further elucidate the role of L-PGDS glycoforms in different tissues.
Retrospective cell lineage reconstruction in humans by using short tandem repeats (2021)

Cell lineage analysis aims to uncover the developmental history of an organism back to its cell of origin. Recently, novel <i>in vivo</i> methods utilizing genome editing enabled important insights into the cell lineages of animals. In contrast, human cell lineage remains restricted to retrospective approaches, which still lack resolution and cost-efficient solutions. Here, we demonstrate a scalable platform based on short tandem repeats targeted by duplex molecular inversion probes. With this human cell lineage tracing method, we accurately reproduced a known lineage of DU145 cells and reconstructed lineages of healthy and metastatic single cells from a melanoma patient who matched the anatomical reference while adding further refinements. This platform allowed us to faithfully recapitulate lineages of developmental tissue formation in healthy cells. In summary, our lineage discovery platform can profile informative somatic mutations efficiently and provides solid lineage reconstructions even in challenging low-mutation-rate healthy single cells.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Resistance to Irreversible EGF Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors through a Multistep Mechanism Involving the IGF1R Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 82K, PFR3 cells do not share the characteristics of "drug-tolerant cells"&lt;/p&gt;
Modifications of dielectric films induced by plasma ashing processes: Hybrid versus porous SiOCH materials (2008)

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