gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OFDM-IM for Joint Communication and Radar-Sensing: A Promising Waveform for Dual Functionality (2021)

The demand for dual-functional wireless systems is on the rise as certain resources become more congested and scarce. Joint communication-radar (JCR) is a promising technology that is becoming very critical and growing in popularity, where communication and radar applications are serviced simultaneously sharing the same hardware/software and the frequency band resources. JCR and its alternatives need to be cleverly integrated into certain waveforms such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to function properly without degradation in the performance. With the aid of the promising concepts of index modulation (IM) and Golay complementary sequences, a novel JCR waveform is proposed to serve both communication and radar applications with the same resources. It has been shown by extensive computer simulations that the proposed OFDM with an index modulation (OFDM-IM) waveform outperforms the classical OFDM with fixed pilot design both in bit error rate (BER) performance and radar-based applications by introducing diversity among subcarriers and frequency agility over the whole frequency band.
Directional channel characteristics in elevation and azimuth at an urban macrocell base station (2012)

The objective of this paper is to improve the knowledge on directional channel characteristics at the base station, particularly concerning elevation. For this purpose a channel measurement campaign has been performed. A powerful new method for super-resolution channel estimation has been used to get a detailed picture of the directional characteristics of the channel. This has further led to improved knowledge of when processes like diffraction over rooftops and/or specular reflections are important. The findings herein have been incorporated into a model for the elevation angle dispersion which is proposed as an extension to some commonly used directional channel models such as the ITU-IMT-Advanced model.
Monoamine oxidase inhibition prevents mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in myoblasts from patients with collagen VI myopathies (2014)

Although mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been proposed to play a crucial role in several types of muscular dystrophy (MD), whether a causal link between these two alterations exists remains an open question. We have documented that mitochondrial dysfunction through opening of the permeability transition pore plays a key role in myoblasts from patients as well as in mouse models of MD, and that oxidative stress caused by monoamine oxidases (MAO) is involved in myofiber damage. In the present study we have tested whether MAO-dependent oxidative stress is a causal determinant of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in myoblasts from patients affected by collagen VI myopathies. We find that upon incubation with hydrogen peroxide or the MAO substrate tyramine myoblasts from patients upregulate MAO-B expression and display a significant rise in reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, with concomitant mitochondrial depolarization. MAO inhibition by pargyline significantly reduced both ROS accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction, and normalized the increased incidence of apoptosis in myoblasts from patients. Thus, MAO-dependent oxidative stress is causally related to mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death in myoblasts from patients affected by collagen VI myopathies, and inhibition of MAO should be explored as a potential treatment for these diseases.
Self-adjuvanted RNActive® vaccine induces local immune responses at the injection site leading to potent adaptive immunity in mice and humans (2014)

Meeting abstracts Two-component mRNA-based vaccine (RNActive®) combines high antigen expression with strong immune stimulation. We have previously shown that intradermal administration of RNActive® vaccines induced balanced, potent and long-lasting immune responses in both mice and humans. Here,
Two New Triterpenoid Saponins fromAralia subcapitata (2001)

Two new oleanane-type saponins, subcapitatoside B and C were isolated from the roots of Aralia subcapitata. On the basis of chemical and spectral evidences, subcapitatoside B and C were established as oleanolic acid 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(l-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl- (1-->2)]-beta-D3--galactopyranoside, and 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl- (1-->3)-[beta-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively.
Travel Time Prediction in Presence of Traffic Incidents Using Different Types of Neural Networks (2006)

Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is regarded as an excellent candidate to model complex traffic prediction problems. However, there is no guideline on the choice of the typologies of neural networks. Also, very few studies have been conducted on the topic of traffic prediction in the presence of traffic incidents due to many difficulties such as data source, data fusion and modeling problems. This research utilizes three different types of neural networks to model corridor travel time prediction in the presence of traffic incidents using data collected from a highway corridor in Northern Virginia. Sensitivity analysis is employed to test the relative importance of the different input channels, and the test results reveal that some input channels always play significant roles, while some others are always insignificant. The constantly insignificant input channels can be regarded as superfluous and be eliminated from the model to reduce the complexity of the training process and future data collection costs. The performances of the three different neural networks are compared, and the results demonstrate that under some cases, one typology of neural network performs better, and under other cases, another typology is superior. This finding indicates that different types of neural network may specialize in different portions of the input pattern space, thus it may be a promising area to develop new types of neural networks which can take advantage of the benefits of different types of networks in traffic prediction.
Optoelectronic switching for antenna networks (1994)

An optoelectronic switch with a 4.5 GHz bandwidth has been fabricated and tested in a simulated antenna network environment. The experiment demonstrated the detection of L-band FM video channels and S-band microwave BPSK channels. The measured electrical crosstalk isolation was better than 29 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Reliability Model for Low-Temperature Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We proposed here a reliability model that successfully introduces both the physical mechanisms of negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) and hot carrier stress (HCS) for p-channel low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (LTPS TFTs). The proposed model is highly matched with the experimental results, in which the NBTI dominates the device reliability at small negative drain bias while the HCS dominates the degradation at large negative drain bias. In summary, the proposed model provides a comprehensive way to predict the lifetime of the p-channel LTPS TFTs, which is especially necessary for the system-on-panel circuitry design. </para>
120 GHz 256QAM GaAs Transceiver Module for Over-10Gbps Wireless Communications (2015)

120 GHz transceiver modules are developed to achieve over 10 Gbps point to point wireless communication. The transceiver module consists of the 120 GHz amplifier fabricated by 70 nm mHEMT technology, and the mixer with the band pass filter (BPF) fabricated by 0.13 μm p-HMET technology. The measured conversion gain is 2 dB with 1dB compression point (P1dB) of 0dBm and noise figure of 15 dB. Data transmission test based on real time hardware demodulation using FPGA shows Bit Error Rate (BER) <;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> at the data rate of 3.2 Gbps with 256QAM and bandwidth 500MHz (spectral efficiency of 6.4 bit/s/Hz). Wireless data transmission is applied to the module connected to a horn antenna of 23 dBi gain. The data rate of 2.4 Gbps with 64QAM at the distance of 3.7m is achieved.
Optogenetic manipulation of medullary neurons in the locust optic lobe (2018)

The locust is a widely used animal model for studying sensory processing and its relation to behavior. Due to the lack of genomic information, genetic tools to manipulate neural circuits in locusts are not yet available. We examined whether Semliki Forest virus is suitable to mediate exogenous gene expression in neurons of the locust optic lobe. We subcloned a channelrhodopsin variant and the yellow fluorescent protein Venus into a Semliki Forest virus vector and injected the virus into the optic lobe of locusts ( Schistocerca americana). Fluorescence was observed in all injected optic lobes. Most neurons that expressed the recombinant proteins were located in the first two neuropils of the optic lobe, the lamina and medulla. Extracellular recordings demonstrated that laser illumination increased the firing rate of medullary neurons expressing channelrhodopsin. The optogenetic activation of the medullary neurons also triggered excitatory postsynaptic potentials and firing of a postsynaptic, looming-sensitive neuron, the lobula giant movement detector. These results indicate that Semliki Forest virus is efficient at mediating transient exogenous gene expression and provides a tool to manipulate neural circuits in the locust nervous system and likely other insects. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Using Semliki Forest virus, we efficiently delivered channelrhodopsin into neurons of the locust optic lobe. We demonstrate that laser illumination increases the firing of the medullary neurons expressing channelrhodopsin and elicits excitatory postsynaptic potentials and spiking in an identified postsynaptic target neuron, the lobula giant movement detector neuron. This technique allows the manipulation of neuronal activity in locust neural circuits using optogenetics.
Expression of Transforming Viral Genes in Semipermissive Cells Transformed by SV40 or Adenovirus Type 2 or Type 5 (1980)

The DNA-containing human adenoviruses and papovaviruses, such as SV40, possess the ability to transform various kinds of mammalian cells in which replication of the virus is restricted. Group-C adenoviruses, such as Ad2 and Ad5, for example, transform semipermissive rat and hamster cells (Freeman et al. 1967; MacAllister et al. 1969; Williams 1973; Gallimore 1974), albeit at low frequencies. Cells transformed by these viruses exhibit a variety of phenotypic traits characteristic of transformed cells and carry viral DNA sequences integrated in their genomes (Sambrook et al. 1968, 1975; Gelb et al. 1971; Botchan et al. 1974; Sharp et al. 1974; Gallimore et al. 1974). Mapping of the viral sequences retained in different lines of transformed cells (Sharp et al. 1974; Gallimore et al. 1974; Sambrook et al. 1975), transformation with purified restriction endonuclease fragments of viral DNA (Graham et al. 1975), and studies on the effects of various kinds of mutations...
Simulator of a Full Fetal Electrocardiogram Measurement Chain by Multichannel Capacitive Sensing (2019)

Long-term ambulatory monitoring of the fetal heart rate (fHR) can greatly increase insight into fetal well-being and reduce pregnancy risks. Unfortunately, the existing solutions using wet or dry electrodes are unsuitable for long-term fHR monitoring due to the use of a gel or direct skin contact. Capacitive electrodes can measure an electrocardiographic (ECG) signal through clothes and, therefore, are perfectly suitable for long-term monitoring of the fHR. However, capacitive fetal ECG (fECG) measurements are challenging due to the high sensitivity of capacitive sensors to motion artifacts (MAs) and the low amplitude of the fECG. This article aims at investigating the feasibility of fECG measurements using capacitive electrodes with dedicated postprocessing algorithms for signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and MA reduction. To this end, a novel simulator of the full measurement chain is realized that generates multichannel capacitive fECG data with artificial MAs and system noise. A dedicated blind source separation (BSS) algorithm is then employed for MA removal and fECG extraction. The extracted fECG is evaluated by SNR calculation and R-peak detection. Our results show that the BSS algorithm may extract the fECG signal from noisy capacitive data. In addition, lower system noise or higher number of channels may lead to better fECG extraction. A maximum increase of 0.5 dB in the SNR and decrease of 80.7 % in the R-peak detection error are observed with increased electrode number from 8 to 20. Our findings provide useful insights for the hardware design of a capacitive fECG measurement system.
<title>Adaptive optical 3D measurement with structured light</title> (1999)

The basis of the described 3D-measurement system is the method of fringe projection in combination with the principle of uniform scale representation /1 1, /2/, /3/. The measurement is characterized by the exclusive use of phase-measurement values for the coordinates of each point. To obtain the phase-measurement values the object under test is successively illuminated with a grating structure from at least three different directions with a telecentric system. A CCD-camera records the intensity distribution of the fringes intersected by the object. It should be pointed out that the values of all coordinates (x,y,z) have the same accuracies. The object to be measured and the CCD-camera are both mounted on a rotation table, turning both of them with respect to the fringe-projector about an axis. The rotation axis makes a constant angle c with the projection direction. With at least i = 3 different angle values e the linearly independent absolute phase values are obtained, which are necessary for the coordinate calculation (applying gray-code in conjunction with four 90 degs phase-shifts). In our setup we can choose up to I = 1 5 rotation angles, so that awkward areas of the surface, like zones with either specular reflection or shadows, are shifted over the surface and have nearly no influence on the results of measurements. So, we obtain the 3D-coordinates of a single patch of the object. We have expanded the system to include a second rotation axis, where the object can rotate within the measurement volume. The CCD-camera will then get different views of the object. The second rotation axis is tilted against the first axis by an angle S. Depending on the class of objects there are different possible tilt-angles S. Typically we choose ö = 300. By rotating the object around the first axis with a rotation angle -y (j = number of patches) it is possible to measure the object from different viewpoints, whereby for each patch or viewpoint the procedure described above is used. For a convenient handling of the data-set the restriction j 8 is used. The actual rotation angles e and y were measured with angle encoders. The free geometric parameters (grating periode A and projection angle a) and the orientation in space of the second axis are gauged before the measurement procedure as described below. By measuring a number of patches we have the problem of transforming them from a local coordinate system into a global one. The combination of the different patches into one coordinate system without interactive user help was solved by developing a calibration method for the second axis. In combination with an absolute phase measurement all patches were measured in a known space orientation, so that we obtain the 3D-picture by rotation of each patch around the second axis. Correlation methods or special points are not necessary. To obtain the 3Dorientation of the second axis one can use a calibration procedure with a special calibration body whose 3Dcoordinates are measured for different rotation positions whereby the second axis has to cross the plane near the centre.
Effects of the pro-inflammatory milieu on the dedifferentiation of cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (2012)

The aim of this study was to determine whether the inflammatory milieu and/or hypoxia induces the dedifferentiation of synovial cells into mesenchymal stem-like cells, which may contribute to the tumor-like growth of synovial cells. Expression of mesenchymal stem cell markers (CD24, CD44, CD90, CD106, CD146 and Stro-1) was compared among cultured fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM MSCs) and normal dermal fibroblasts. After the cells were stimulated with pro-inflammatory cytokines for 3 days under hypoxia or normoxia, the stem cell markers were analyzed by FACS. CD44 and CD90 were expressed constitutively in all four cell types. Only the BM MSCs strongly expressed CD146. The expression of stem cell markers was similar between FLSs from RA and those from OA patients. In addition, the expression levels in FLSs were similar to those in normal dermal fibroblasts. The stimulation of FLSs and dermal fibroblasts with IL-1β or a mixture of cytokines under hypoxia did not induce a marked change in the expression of stem cell markers. These results indirectly suggest that the pro-inflammatory milieu may be not sufficient to induce the dedifferentiation of FLSs in arthritic joints.
The Link between Gallium Vacancies and Plasma Damage to n-Type GaN (2001)

Two differing trends of plasma damage in n-type GaN have been observed. The two modes of etching characteristics were attributed to the presence of Ga vacancies in the material. The resistivity of GaN with Ga vacancies increases upon plasma exposure through electrical compensation by the formation of deep acceptor states as a result of vacancy-complex formation. GaN samples free of Ga vacancies show a reduction of resistivity as N vacancies are produced through interactions with the plasma. These results correlate well with the photoluminescence spectra, where a significant yellow-band emission was detected from the samples with a high concentration of Ga vacancies.
High Quality Factor PECVD Si 3 N4 Ring Resonators Compatible with CMOS Process (2019)

We demonstrate high-confinement Si 3 N 4 resonators with intrinsic quality factor more than 1 million using standard PECVD process. We show that by addressing scattering, the loss at 1.6 µm can be as low as 0.4 dB/cm. © 2019 The Author(s)
Finding Optimum Parallel Coprocessor Design for Genus 2 Hyperelliptic Curve Cryptosystems. (2004)

Hardware accelerators are often used in cryptographic applications for speeding up the highly arithmetic-intensive public-key primitives, e.g. in high-end smart cards. One of these emerging and very promising public-key schemes is based on hyperelliptic curve cryptosystems (HECC). In the open literature only a few considerations deal with hardware implementation issues of HECC. Our contribution appears to be the first one to propose architectures for the latest findings in efficient group arithmetic on HEC. The group operation of HECC allows parallelization at different levels: bit-level parallelization (via different digit-sizes in multipliers) and arithmetic operation-level parallelization (via replicated multipliers). We investigate the trade-offs between both parallelization options and identify speed and time-area optimized configurations. We found that a coprocessor using a single multiplier (D=8) instead of two or more is best suited. This coprocessor is able to compute group addition and doubling in 479 and 334 clock cycles, respectively. Providing more resources it is possible to achieve 288 and 248 clock cycles, respectively.
OrganiCam: a lightweight time-resolved laser-induced luminescenceimager and Raman spectrometer for planetary organic materialcharacterization (2021)

OrganiCam is a laser-induced luminescence imager and spectrometer designed for standoff organic and biosignature detection on planetary bodies. OrganiCam uses a diffused laser beam (12° cone) to cover a large area at several meters distance and records luminescence on half of its intensified detector. The diffuser can be removed to record Raman and fluorescence spectra from a small spot from 2 m standoff distance. OrganiCam's small size and light weight makes it ideal for surveying organics on planetary surfaces. We have designed and built a brassboard version of the OrganiCam instrument and performed initial tests of the system.
Adsorption of H2O on a Single-Crystal α-Al2O3(0001) Surface (1998)

The adsorption of H2O on a single-crystal α-Al2O3(0001) surface was examined using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. α-Al2O3(0001) models the surface of Al2O3 exhaust particles generated by solid rocket motors that may affect the stratospheric ozone layer. After cleaning and annealing to 1100 K, the α-Al2O3(0001) surface displayed a well-defined hexagonal (1 × 1) low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) pattern. Absolute hydroxyl coverages on this α-Al2O3(0001) single-crystal surface were determined using H2O LITD signals. Hydroxylation by the dissociative adsorption of H2O was differentiated from molecular H2O adsorption using TPD studies with isotopically labeled H218O. For H2O dissociative adsorption at 300 K, the initial sticking coefficient was S ≈ 0.1. The H2O sticking coefficient decreased nearly exponentially with hydroxyl coverage, and the hydroxyl coverage saturated at ϑOH = 0.5 × 1015 OH groups/cm2 after a H2O exposure of >1010 langmuir. For constant H2O exposures performed at different H2O pressures, the resulting hydroxyl coverage also increased with H2O pressure suggesting collisionally activated H2O adsorption. On the basis of these H2O adsorption results, α-Al2O3 rocket exhaust particles in the stratosphere should be hydroxylated at coverages of ϑOH ≈ 0.3 × 1015 OH groups/cm2. H2O adsorption on α-Al2O3(0001) was also investigated using a H2O plasma. Plasma hydroxylation yielded much larger hydroxyl coverages of ϑOH = 3.6 × 1015 OH groups/cm2 and destroyed the hexagonal LEED pattern after one plasma exposure. Larger hydroxyl coverages were measured after consecutive H2O plasma exposures indicating that plasma hydroxylation progressively roughens the α-Al2O3(0001) surface.