gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PD properties when varying the smoothness of synthesized waveforms (2013)

The increased use of power electronic components in power systems makes it important to understand how rapidly rising voltages affect insulation systems. One vital aspect of this challenge is the measurement of partial discharges, PDs, which are considered as being a sign of weakness and can affect the life of insulation considerably. In this paper an approach is presented to measure PDs in a dielectrically insulated cavity when exposed to pulse width modulated (PWM) voltage shapes with different degree of smoothness. This is a continuation of our earlier investigations on the different behavior of PDs where voltages characterized by different rise times were applied. The present investigation shows that the PD amplitude decreases significantly already at a moderate level of PWM voltage smoothness to a magnitude that is about the same as for sinusoidal voltage shape. For the phase resolved PD (PRPD) pattern to become similar to the normal AC pattern it is required that the remains from PWM steps are lower than the extinction voltage. This work elucidates how PDs are affected by synthesized waveforms and limits for a sufficient smoothing level are found, which is of importance when designing insulation systems exposed to fast transients.
Convergent Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis of Small‐Molecule Hybrids (2005)

Complex small-molecule libraries were constructed by a convergent approach with a short linear sequence: a 480-membered bridged-piperidine/fused-pyrrolidine hybrid library IV and a 384-membered spirocyclic-oxindole/fused-pyrrolidine hybrid library V from the sublibrary II and the sublibraries I and III, respectively. II=RIICOOH. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z462798_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The effects of UV‐B stress on the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus hairy roots (2009)

In nature, plants generate protective secondary metabolites in response to environmental stresses. Such metabolites include terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), which absorb UV-B light and serve putatively to protect the plant from harmful radiation. Catharanthus roseus plants, multiple shoot cultures, and cell suspension cultures exposed to UV-B light show significant increases in the production of TIAs, including precursors to vinblastine and vincristine, which have proven effective in the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Here, the effect of UV-B light on C. roseus hairy roots was examined. Analysis of alkaloid concentrations up to 168 h after UV-B exposure shows significant increases in the concentrations of lochnericine and significant decreases in the concentration of hörhammericine over time (ANOVA, P < 0.05). Our results also indicate that increasing UV-B exposure time up to 20 min caused significant increases in lochnericine, serpentine, and ajmalicine and a decrease in hörhammericine (t-test, p < 0.05).
Optimal wavefront control for adaptive segmented mirrors (1989)

A ground-based astronomical telescope with a segmented primary mirror will suffer image-degrading wavefront aberrations from at least two sources: (1) atmospheric turbulence and (2) segment misalignment or figure errors of the mirror itself. This paper describes the derivation of a mirror control feedback matrix that assumes the presence of both types of aberration and is optimum in the sense that it minimizes the meansquared residual wavefront error. Assumptions of the statistical nature of the wavefront measurement errors, atmospheric phase aberrations, and segment misalignment errors are made in the process of derivation. Examples of the degree of correction are presented for three different types of wavefront measurement data and compared to results of simple corrections.
Disorder-Induced Magnetotransport Anomalies in Amorphous and Textured Co1–xSix Semimetal Thin Films (2023)

In recent times the chiral semimetal cobalt monosilicide (CoSi) has emerged as a prototypical, nearly ideal topological conductor hosting giant, topologically protected Fermi arcs. Exotic topological quantum properties have already been identified in CoSi bulk single crystals. However, CoSi is also known for being prone to intrinsic disorder and inhomogeneities, which, despite topological protection, risk jeopardizing its topological transport features. Alternatively, topology may be stabilized by disorder, suggesting the tantalizing possibility of an amorphous variant of a topological metal, yet to be discovered. In this respect, understanding how microstructure and stoichiometry affect magnetotransport properties is of pivotal importance, particularly in case of low-dimensional CoSi thin films and devices. Here we comprehensively investigate the magnetotransport and magnetic properties of ≈25 nm Co<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Si<sub><i>x</i></sub> thin films grown on a MgO substrate with controlled film microstructure (amorphous vs textured) and chemical composition (0.40 < <i>x</i> < 0.60). The resistivity of Co<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>Si<sub><i>x</i></sub> thin films is nearly insensitive to the film microstructure and displays a progressive evolution from metallic-like (dρ<sub><i>xx</i></sub>/d<i>T</i> > 0) to semiconducting-like (dρ<sub><i>xx</i></sub>/d<i>T</i> < 0) regimes of conduction upon increasing the silicon content. A variety of anomalies in the magnetotransport properties, comprising for instance signatures consistent with quantum localization and electron-electron interactions, anomalous Hall and Kondo effects, and the occurrence of magnetic exchange interactions, are attributable to the prominent influence of intrinsic structural and chemical disorder. Our systematic survey brings to attention the complexity and the challenges involved in the prospective exploitation of the topological chiral semimetal CoSi in nanoscale thin films and devices.
Placebo response and remission rates in randomised trials of induction and maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis (2017)

Placebo response and remission rates vary according to endoscopic disease severity and rectal bleeding score at trial entry, class of agent, disease duration, and the time point at which the primary outcome was measured. These observations have important implications for the design and conduct of future clinical trials in UC and will help researchers design trials, determine required sample sizes and also provide useful information about trial design features which should be considered when planning new trials.
An Orbitrap‐based laser desorption/ablation mass spectrometer designed for spaceflight (2018)

The CosmOrbitrap mass analyzer is highly sensitive and delivers mass resolution/accuracy unmatched by any instrument sent into orbit or launched into deep space. This prototype instrument, which maps to a spaceflight implementation, represents a mission-enabling technology capable of advancing planetary exploration for decades to come.
Region‐Selective Effects of Long‐Term Lithium and Carbamazepine Administration on Cyclic AMP Levels in Rat Brain (1999)

The effect of lithium and carbamazepine in the treatment of bipolar affective disorder is well established. Although a number of biochemical effects have been found, the exact molecular mechanisms underlying their therapeutic actions have not been elucidated nor are the target regions in the brain identified. Taken into account the important role of the cyclic AMP second messenger system in the regulation of neuronal exitability and the indications of its involvement in the patophysiology of bipolar affective disorder, we have focused on the drug effects on cyclic AMP levels. The objectives of this investigation were to measure the effects on basal cyclic AMP levels, and to locate target regions within the rat brain after long-term administration of lithium and carbamazepine. Drug treatments were carried out for a period of 28 days. After either drug treatment the cyclic AMP level was increased 3-4 times in frontal cortex but unchanged in hippocampus, hypothalamus, thalamus, amygdala and in cerebellum. In neostriatum the cyclic AMP level was decreased to about 30% after treatment with lithium. We suggest the common region-selective effect, observed for both drugs in frontal cortex, to be essential for the therapeutic actions of lithium and carbamazepine.
13a Catalytic Active Site (1999)

WHERE DO RIBOZYMES FIT IN THE RNA WORLD HYPOTHESIS? Two of the most fundamental requirements for life are information storage and catalytic function. Without storage, transfer, and replication of information, a system cannot learn from its past and improve its viability; that is, there can be no natural selection. Equally essential to life is catalytic (enzymatic) function. At the very least, there must be machinery to catalyze the copying of the informational molecules. This process must proceed with considerable fidelity, yet some frequency of errors is also necessary to provide the diversity that allows adaptation and evolution. Beyond replication of the genome, additional catalytic functions would be highly advantageous to provide basic metabolism for even a primitive self-reproducing system. In contemporary organisms information is stored in the form of DNA. However, the persistence of RNA genomes in many viruses shows us that this sister nucleic acid is competent for information storage, at least for small genomes. Biocatalytic function in the modern world is mostly the domain of protein enzymes, although ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) still catalyze the essential cellular reactions of protein synthesis and RNA splicing. By what evolutionary pathway did this DNA-RNA-protein solution to the problem of life come about? The finding that RNA, an informational molecule, can by itself catalyze biochemical reactions has rekindled enthusiasm for the possibility that a key intermediate stage was an RNA World, with RNA providing both information and function, genotype and phenotype.
Towards Optimal Operator Placement in Partial-Fault Tolerant Applications (2008)

We introduce Zen, a new resource allocation framework that assigns application components to node clusters to achieve high availability for partial-fault tolerant (PFT) applications. These applications have the characteristic that under partial failures, they can still produce useful output though the output quality may be reduced. Thus, the primary goal of resource allocation for PFT applications is to prevent, delay, or minimize the impact of failures on the application output quality. This paper is the first to approach this resource allocation problem from a theoretical perspective, and obtains a series of results regarding component assignments that provide the highest service availability under the constraints imposed by the application data flow graph and the hosting clusters. We show that (1) even simple versions of this resource allocation problem are NP-Hard, (2) a 2-approximate polynomial-time algorithm works for tree topologies, and (3) a simple greedy component placement performs well in practice for general application topologies. We implement a system prototype to study the application availability achieved by Zen compared to failure-oblivious placement, replication, and Zen+replication. Our experimental results show that three PFT applications achieve significant data output quality and availability benefits using Zen.
Crystallinity of On-Line Consolidated Thermoplastic Composites (1999)

Processing of high-quality thermoplastic composite parts by laser-assisted tape consolidation involves in-situ melting and solidification of the thermoplastics matrix material. In contrast to autoclave processing, fusion of the matrix material occurs locally, preventing both the development of residual stresses and fiber buckling in the inner layer. High temperature thermoplastics such as Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) or Polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), are semicrystalline. The level of crystallinity depends strongly on the local thermal history as well as other processing parameters. In the present study the effects of these parameters on the thermal properties, such as the melting and cold crystallization point, are determined utilizing Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). These thermal properties can give information about possible degradation of the polymer induced during the manufacturing process. The material selected for this study (PEEK/Carbon composite) exhibits a decrease of melt and cold crystallization temperature for increasing laser powers where the latter is more pronounced. The crystallinity, calculated from regular DSC data, showed wide variations. Therefore, modulated DSC measurements were also performed, which are considered to be more accurate for crystallinity measurements due to their ability to record endo- and exothermal events during cold crystallization and melting respectively. The results of these measurements show a significant trend of increasing crystallinity with laser power. Furthermore, a significant decrease of the glass transition temperature of the material was also observed. This was believed to be caused by a molecular weight reduction due to heat fragmentation during processing. The reduction of molecular weight is expected to be responsible for the increase in crystallinity with laser power, since the glass transition temperatures were lower at higher laser power settings.
Comparison of diffusion MRI and CLARITY fiber orientation estimates in both gray and white matter regions of human and primate brain (2020)

Diffusion MRI (dMRI) represents one of the few methods for mapping brain fiber orientations non-invasively. Unfortunately, dMRI fiber mapping is an indirect method that relies on inference from measured diffusion patterns. Comparing dMRI results with other modalities is a way to improve the interpretation of dMRI data and help advance dMRI technologies. Here, we present methods for comparing dMRI fiber orientation estimates with optical imaging of fluorescently labeled neurofilaments and vasculature in 3D human and primate brain tissue cuboids cleared using CLARITY. The recent advancements in tissue clearing provide a new opportunity to histologically map fibers projecting in 3D, which represents a captivating complement to dMRI measurements. In this work, we demonstrate the capability to directly compare dMRI and CLARITY in the same human brain tissue and assess multiple approaches for extracting fiber orientation estimates from CLARITY data. We estimate the three-dimensional neuronal fiber and vasculature orientations from neurofilament and vasculature stained CLARITY images by calculating the tertiary eigenvector of structure tensors. We then extend CLARITY orientation estimates to an orientation distribution function (ODF) formalism by summing multiple sub-voxel structure tensor orientation estimates. In a sample containing part of the human thalamus, there is a mean angular difference of 19<sup>o</sup>±15<sup>o</sup> between the primary eigenvectors of the dMRI tensors and the tertiary eigenvectors from the CLARITY neurofilament stain. We also demonstrate evidence that vascular compartments do not affect the dMRI orientation estimates by showing an apparent lack of correspondence (mean angular difference = 49<sup>o</sup>±23<sup>o</sup>) between the orientation of the dMRI tensors and the structure tensors in the vasculature stained CLARITY images. In a macaque brain dataset, we examine how the CLARITY feature extraction depends on the chosen feature extraction parameters. By varying the volume of tissue over which the structure tensor estimates are derived, we show that orientation estimates are noisier with more spurious ODF peaks for sub-voxels below 30 µm<sup>3</sup> and that, for our data, the optimal gray matter sub-voxel size is between 62.5 µm<sup>3</sup> and 125 µm<sup>3</sup>. The example experiments presented here represent an important advancement towards robust multi-modal MRI-CLARITY comparisons.
Fast LDPC GPU Decoder for Cloud RAN (2020)

The GPU as a digital signal processing accelerator for cloud RAN is investigated. A new design for a 5G NR low density parity check code decoder running on a GPU is presented. The algorithm is flexibly adaptable to GPU architecture to achieve high resource utilization as well as low latency. It improves over an existing layered design that processes additional codewords in parallel to increase utilization. In comparison to a decoder implemented on a FPGA (757K gate), the new GPU (24 core) decoder has 3X higher throughput. The GPU decoder exhibits 3 to 5X lower decoding power efficiency, as typical of a general-purpose processor. Thus, GPUs may find application as cloud accelerators where rapid deployment and flexibility are prioritized over decoding power efficiency.
The Possibility of Gain Among the 5d-4f Transitions of the Rare Earth Ions (1992)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. K. Lawson and S. A. Payne, "The Possibility of Gain Among the 5d-4f Transitions of the Rare Earth Ions," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, L. Chase and A. Pinto, eds., Vol. 13 of OSA Proceedings Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1992), paper LM15. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Die Cycloaddition Carbonyl-flankierter Methylen-Brücken - ein neues Syntheseverfahren für Metallacyclen (2006)

Das vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982, 434. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198204340
Pre-tilt angles as a function of polyimide composition for copolyimides (1994)

Six series of copolyimides have been synthesized. The pre-tilt angle has been measured as a function of the composition of these copolyimides. A linear relationship was found between the pre-tilt angle and the composition when both the simple polyimides are amorphous. When one or more of the simple polyimides is semi-crystalline there is normally a strong deviation from linearity. The copolyimides will then usually give pre-tilt angles lower than expected from an average of these for the two simple polyimides.
Changes in the Electrochemical Behavior of Polymeric Carbon Induced by Heat‐Treatment and Doping with Lithium Ions (1998)

The electrochemical properties of glassy carbon (GC) and GC doped with lithium ions were investigated as a function of heat‐treatment temperature (HTT). A phenolic resin precursor (liquid resol, was heat‐treated to 650, 700, 1000, 2000, or 2500 °C to form GC. was made by dissolving 5% and 10% by weigh in resol (referred to as 5% WLDR and 10% WLDR, respectively) and following the same heat‐treatment programs. Cyclic voltammetry was performed at GC electrodes in aqueous solutions of sulfuric acid and of potassium sulfate together with the electro‐oxidation of potassium ferrocyanide. The hydrogen evolution potential became more negative with rising GC HTT, ranging from −1.2 V for HTT 650 °C to −2.0 V for HTT 2500 °C in both sulfuric acid and potassium sulfate solutions, while hysteresis in the voltammograms was reduced and the oxidation and reduction peaks disappeared. The standard rate constant of ferrocyanide oxidation at a polished electrode surface increased from 6 to with increasing HTT. On adding lithium ions to the resol, the open‐circuit potentials compared to undoped GC became less positive. In sulfuric acid, new cyclic voltammetric peaks emerged, anodic at +0.6 V and cathodic at +0.3 V vs the standard calomel electrode, indicative of alterations in the bulk structure of the GC matrix. Lithium doping the resin caused GC, upon heating, to lose 9–10% mass, lowered the degree of graphitization at HTTs below the melting points of LiOH and (∼720 °C), and enhanced graphitization once the lithium compounds melted and diffused away. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed that no lithium remained in the 5% WLDR samples if the HTT was 1000 °C or higher. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the pore‐diameter distribution of differed from GC. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy showed that the 10% WLDR samples heat‐treated to 650 °C had a higher lithium‐ion release rate than those undergoing HTTs to 500 and 575 °C, which identified lithium out‐diffusion as the underlying mechanism of change in the permeability of GC as a function of HTT.
EFFECTIVE THERAPY BY ANTI‐CD81 AGAINST B CELL LYMPHOMAS ENGAGES BOTH DIRECT AND INDIRECT IMMUNE MECHANISMS (2017)

Introduction: The tetraspanin CD81, originally named Target of an Anti-Proliferative Antibody-1 (TAPA-1), was discovered by screening monoclonal antibodies able to inhibit B-cell lymphoma proliferation. In B cells, CD81 associates with CD19 forming the CD19/CD21/CD81 complex that lowers the threshold of BCR-initiated B-cell activation. Methods: Antibodies: spontaneous class-switched mouse anti-human CD81 5A6 IgG2a hybridomas were selected and subcloned. 5A6 VHand VL regions were inserted upstream of human IgG1 and IgG4 vectors. In vitro: antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC): Fluorescently-labeled lymphoma cells were incubated overnight with purified human NK cells, or with human serum for 1.5 hrs, respectively. Cell death was determined by 7AAD/Annexin-V positive cells. In vivo: SCID mice were injected i.v. with Raji-luciferase cells; tumor uptake on day 5 was ensured by bioluminescence imaging, followed by treatment with the indicated antibodies (Figure, top). Results: The original mouse anti-human CD81 mAb, 5A6, is unique in its direct cytotoxic effect against B-cell lymphomas, other anti-CD81 mAbs do not share this ability. We compared the ability of 5A6 (ADCCLOW) to Rituximab (ADCCHIGH) to control growth of a lethal dose of Raji B-cell lymphoma in SCID mice. We found that 4 weekly injections of either antibody equally affected tumor growth and increased survival by comparison to a control antibody. We then generated ADCCHIGH versions of 5A6, mouse IgG2a and chimeric human IgG1 and compared their efficacy to Rituximab in vitro. Interestingly, while chimeric IgG1 5A6 and Rituximab mediated similar ADCC levels, both mouse IgG2a and chimeric IgG1 induced very high CDC levels, whereas mouse IgG1, chimeric IgG4 and Rituximab support low CDC levels. Next, we challenged SCID mice with Raji cells, followed by antibody injection on day 5 post-tumor challenge. Remarkably, chimeric IgG1 and mouse IgG2a controlled tumor growth better than Rituximab (Figure, bottom); moreover, survival was best extended to mice treated with the mouse IgG2a. Rituximab depletes normal B cells in vivo; CD81 is also expressed on normal cells. To determine the relative CDC sensitivity of lymphoma cells to PBMCs, we mixed Raji B-cell lymphoma with PBMC at increasing ratios. We found that Raji cells were almost 90% sensitive to CDC-mediating anti-CD81 mAbs even when present at a 1000:1 ratio, whereas only 5–10% of normal PBMC were sensitive to anti-CD81 mAb. Keywords: B-cell lymphoma.
Call admission control for hybrid access mode femtocell system (2011)

This paper deals with a call admission control method for hybrid mode femtocell base stations. Femtocell base station is a small scale base station which is used for home, office and apartment. On the hybrid access mode, the femtocell base station allows cell entrance for both member subscribers and non-member subscribers. Originally, the base station was owned by member subscribers, it is required a discrimination for service between members and non-members. In this paper, we propose a model of call admission control which has different admit policies for CSG(Closed Subscriber Group) members. We present analytic model for the proposed model to verify its work. The analytic results show that the system applies different call admission policies for CSG members with high priority and adapts to the situation of increasing incoming call rate of CSG members.