gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Phosphoramidite Analogue of Cyclotriphosphate Enables Iterative Polyphosphorylations (2019)

Abstract An iterative polyphosphorylation approach is described, which is based on a phosphoramidite (P‐amidite) derived reagent ( c ‐PyPA) obtained from the cyclization of pyrophosphate with a reactive diisopropylaminodichlorophosphine. This type of reagent is unprecedented as it represents a reactive P‐amidite without protecting groups. The reagent proved to be stable in solution over several weeks. Its utility is described in the context of iterative monodirectional and bidirectional polyphosphorylations. The ensuing functionalized cyclotriphosphate can be opened with a variety of nucleophiles providing ready access to diverse functionalized polyphosphate chains of defined length with several tags, including both P‐N and P‐O labels. Their interaction with exo‐ and endopolyphosphatases is described.
Vibration properties of MEW PCL scaffolds as biomimetic tympanic membrane replacements (2020)

Introduction Synthetic materials like biopolymers can be fabricated in various shapes with different tissue engineering technologies. It was investigated, if it possible to utilize melt electro written (MEW) Polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds as a synthetic human tympanic membrane replacement.
Fix the code. Don't tweak the hardware (2014)

Traditional compiler approaches to optimize power efficiency aim to adjust voltage and frequency at runtime to match the code characteristics to the hardware (e.g., running memory-bound phases at a lower frequency). However, such approaches are constrained by three factors: (i) voltage-frequency transitions are too slow to be applied at instruction granularity, (ii) larger code regions are seldom unequivocally memory- or compute-bound, and, (iii) the available voltage scaling range for future technologies is rapidly shrinking. These factors necessitate new approaches to address power-efficiency at the code-generation level. This paper proposes one such approach to automatically generate power-efficient code using a decoupled access/execute (DAE) model.
Full-Field Laser Vibrometer for Instantaneous Vibration Measurement and Non-Destructive Inspection (2010)

We describe a system for real-time, full-field vibrometry, incorporating features of high-speed electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV). Based on a 2D interferometric sensor array, comprising 16×16 parallel illumination and detection channels, the matrix laser vibrometer (MLV), captures full-field data instantaneously, without beam scanning. The instrument design draws on the advantages of scale offered by modern telecommunications fiber optic and digital electronics. The resulting architecture, comprising a compact measurement probe linked by fiber optic umbilical to a remote electronics unit, facilitates practical application to the full-field study of transient vibrations and rapid non-destructive inspection of composite materials.
Well‐Defined Cationic Methallyl α‐Keto‐β‐Diimine Complexes of Nickel (2010)

Complex considerations: The synthesis and characterization of a discrete cationic nickel–methallyl complex (see structure: Ni green, N blue, O red) provided insight into the propagating sites generated by using α-keto-β-diimine–nickel olefin-polymerization catalysts. The addition of Al(C6F5)3 led to carbonyl coordination to aluminum, further depletion of the electron density at the nickel center, and a substantial increase in reactivity towards ethylene.
Exploring the Evolvability of Plant Specialized Metabolism: Uniqueness Out Of Uniformity and Uniqueness Behind Uniformity (2023)

The huge structural diversity exhibited by plant specialized metabolites has primarily been considered to result from the catalytic specificity of their biosynthetic enzymes. Accordingly, enzyme gene multiplication and functional differentiation through spontaneous mutations have been established as the molecular mechanisms that drive metabolic evolution. Nevertheless, how plants have assembled and maintained such metabolic enzyme genes and the typical clusters that are observed in plant genomes, as well as why identical specialized metabolites often exist in phylogenetically remote lineages, is currently only poorly explained by a concept known as convergent evolution. Here, we compile recent knowledge on the co-presence of metabolic modules that are common in the plant kingdom but have evolved under specific historical and contextual constraints defined by the physicochemical properties of each plant specialized metabolite and the genetic presets of the biosynthetic genes. Furthermore, we discuss a common manner to generate uncommon metabolites (uniqueness out of uniformity) and an uncommon manner to generate common metabolites (uniqueness behind uniformity). This review describes the emerging aspects of the evolvability of plant specialized metabolism that underlie the vast structural diversity of plant specialized metabolites in nature.
Key parameters affecting STT-MRAM switching efficiency and improved device performance of 400°C-compatible p-MTJs (2017)

We report the impact of four key parameters on switching efficiency of STT-MRAM devices with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy: device size, device resistance-area product (RA), blanket film Gilbert damping constant (a), and process temperature. Performance degradation observed in 400°C-processed devices was eliminated by optimizing the perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (p-MTJ) materials. Furthermore, 400°C-compatible double MTJs were developed for the first time and showed 1.5x improvement in switching efficiency compared to single MTJs with identical free layers.
High Spatial Density Six-mode Seven-core Fibre for Repeated Dense SDM Transmission (2017)

We reveal that a 6-mode 7-core fibre is suitable for realizing low mode-dependent loss and a relative-core-multiplicity factor of more than 50 simultaneously. Repeated transmissions exceeding 100 km over a 6-mode multi-core fibre are achieved for the first time.
Localization of membrane-bond OPN using force spectroscopy analysis (2008)

At this study we present molecular recognition method which is based on force spectroscopy analysis for biological markers on the whole cell level. The presented method allows recognition of specific cell surface proteins and receptor sites by nanometer accuracy level. Here we demonstrate specific recognition of membrane-bond Osteopontin (OPN) sites over a whole Preosteogenic cell membrane. By merging specific force detection map of the proteins and topography image of the cell, we create a new image (recognition image), which demonstrate the exact locations of the proteins relative to the cell membrane. The recognition results indicate on the strong affinity between the modified tip and the target molecules, therefore, it enables the use of an AFM as a remarkable nanoscale tracking tool at the whole cell level.
Unusual temperature-dependent isotope effects in the reactions of phenylcarbene with cyclohexene and cyclohexane (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual temperature-dependent isotope effects in the reactions of phenylcarbene with cyclohexene and cyclohexaneT. G. Savino, K. Kanakarajan, and M. S. PlatzCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 8, 1305–1309Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00358a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00358a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Bicyclic Proline Analogues Using a Formal [3 + 2] Intramolecular Aziridine—Allylsilane Cycloaddition Reaction. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cell Signaling (2014)

Cell Signaling presents the principles and components that underlie all known signaling mechanisms. The book provides undergraduate and graduate biology students with the tools needed to make sense of the array of specific pathways used by the cell to communicate. It describes basic signaling mechanisms such as protein interactions, changes in enzyme activity, post-translational modifications, subcellular localization of signaling molecules, and small diffusible signaling mediators. The book also explores the components of signaling pathways and how they are wired into pathways and circuits that can process information.
Unmanned Aircraft System Remote Identification Architecture (2020)

This document defines an architecture for Trustworthy Multipurpose
Remote Identification (tm-rid) protocols and services to support
Unmanned Aircraft System Remote Identification (UAS RID), including
its building blocks and their interfaces, all to be standardized.
A rapid assay for mitochondrial DNA damage and respiratory chain inhibition in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2001)

There is a need for a rapid assay to identify agents that damage mitochondria because the mitochondrion may be an important target for numerous environmental mitotoxins. Certainly at least one chemotherapeutic regimen (CHOP therapy) that includes doxorubicin can induce cardiomyopathy through mitochondrial genotoxicity in cardiac muscle cells. Yeast cells (1.5 x 10(6)-10(7)) in water are spread on a YEPD plate, and, when the suspension of cells has dried, a small well (12 mm diameter) is cut into the agar; 200-400 microl of a solution of the presumptive mitochondrial genotoxin is placed in the well, and the plates are incubated for 2 days. The genotoxin forms a concentration gradient through the agar and affects the growing cells. An overlay containing tetrazolium chloride is added, and the plates are incubated for 6-24 hr. Respiring cells turn red, and nonrespiring cells, with damaged DNA or inhibited respiratory chains, that are adjacent to the well, are white. A white ring, or a more lightly colored red ring, around the well indicates the presence of cells with lowered respiratory activity which may be fully reversible when the mitochondrial genotoxin is removed. In preliminary experiments, doxorubicin (= adriamycin) shows strong activity with this assay; cyclophosphamide is negative, and 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide, is weakly positive. Ethidium bromide, methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil, and 5-fluorocytosine also are mitochondrial genotoxins. Antifungal agents similar to 5-fluorocytosine and anthelmintic compounds such as pyrvinium iodide can be powerful mitochondrial genotoxins.
Peritoneal Dialysis: A Clinical Update (2006)

Even though peritoneal dialysis (PD) is by now well established and its advantages in terms of clinical efficacy, social impact and individual tolerance are acknowledged, it is still underutilized on a global scale. In view of this fact, the publication at hand has two objectives, namely to provide help to identify possible obstacles to a wider app
Silver and mercury probing of deoxyribonucleic acid structures in the filamentous viruses fd, If1, IKe, Xf, Pf1, and Pf3 (1983)

Ag+ binding and Hg2+ binding to both double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) have been examined in some detail, and the results have been applied to study the structures of circular ssDNA in several filamentous viruses. It has been known for some time that Ag+ and Hg2+ bind to the bases of DNA producing characteristic large changes in absorbance and circular dichroism (CD) spectra, as well as changes in sedimentation rates. In the case of Ag+, it is known that there are three modes of binding to isolated dsDNA, referred to as types I, II, and III. Type III binding, by definition, occurs when Ag+ binds to Ag-dsDNA complexes having sites for binding types I and II extensively occupied, if not saturated. It produces CD spectra, assigned in this study, and absorbance spectra that are isosbestic with those of the Ag-dsDNA complexes present prior to its onset. In phosphate buffers binding is restricted to types I and II, whereas in borate buffers weaker type III binding can occur. Characteristics of types I, II, and III were observed for the DNAs in fd, If1, IKe, and Xf, but not for those in Pf1 and Pf3. Similarly, many of the spectral changes seen when Hg2+ binds to isolated double-stranded DNA are mimicked by Hg2+ binding to the DNAs within fd, IKe, If1, and Xf, but not for those in Pf1 and Pf3. The Ag+ and Hg2+ results indicate the presence of right-handed DNA helices in fd, If1, IKe, and Xf, with the two antiparallel strands of the covalently closed single-stranded DNAs having the bases directed toward the virion axes. For Pf1 and Pf3, Ag+ and Hg2+ binding cause large absorbance changes but only small CD changes. The very different results for Pf1 and Pf3 are consistent with the presence of inverted DNA structures (I-DNA) with the bases directed away from the structure axes, but the two structures differ from one another. Sedimentation velocity changes with Ag+ and Hg2+ binding strongly suggest structural linkages between the DNA and the surrounding protein sheath in each of the viruses.
Auto-calibration and control strategy determination for a variable-speed heat pump water heater using optimization (2012)

Abstract This article introduces applications of the GenOpt® optimizer coupled with a vapor compression system model for auto-calibration and control strategy determination toward the development of a variable-speed ground-source heat pump water heating unit. The GenOpt® optimizer can be linked with any simulation program using input and output text files. It effectively facilitates optimization runs. Using the proposed GenOpt® wrapper program, objectives can flexibly be defined for optimizations, targets, and constraints. Those functionalities enable running extensive optimization cases for model calibration, configuration design, and control strategy determination. In addition, a methodology is described to improve prediction accuracy using functional calibration curves. Using the calibrated model, control strategies of the ground-source heat pump water heater were investigated, considering multiple control objectives and covering the entire operation range. Acknowledgments This article not subject to U.S. copyright law. Bo Shen, PhD, Member ASHRAE, is Research Scientist. Omar Abdelaziz, PhD, Associate Member ASHRAE, is Research Scientist. Keith Rice, PhD, Member ASHRAE, is Research Scientist.
Label-free hypoxia measurement in a xenograft multiple myeloma model using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2018)

In cancer research, regions of increasingly lowered oxygenation in tissue (hypoxia), which are due to tumor development, are considered to play an important role in activating various signaling pathways that facilitate further development of the cancer. However, devising a minimally invasive method to monitor tissue oxygenation has remained a challenge. Photoacoustic microscopy has been posed as a solution in a variety of preclinical research studies. Here, using optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), for the first time, we non-invasively measured oxygenation and vascularization in vivo caused by multiple myeloma (MM) progression. Mice injected with MM cells tagged with green fluorescent protein were monitored with a fluorescence microscope for tumor progression over the course of 28 days. OR-PAM evaluated the oxygen saturation (sO2) and the blood vessel density in the cerebral bone marrow, where MM cells home. At 28 days after the injection of MM cells, the total sO2 had dropped by 50% in the developing tumor regions, while in the non-tumor developing regions it had dropped by 20% compared with the value at one day after MM injection. The blood vessel density had dropped by 35% in the tumor developing regions, while in the non-tumor developing regions it had dropped by 8% compared with the value at one day after MM injection. In summary, non-invasive measurement by OR-PAM correlated the development of hypoxia with to MM progression. It revealed decreased vascularization surrounding the tumor areas, which we feel can be ascribed to the rapid tumor progression.
Towards Ground Truth Explainability on Tabular Data (2020)

In data science, there is a long history of using synthetic data for method development, feature selection and feature engineering. Our current interest in synthetic data comes from recent work in explainability. Today's datasets are typically larger and more complex - requiring less interpretable models. In the setting of \textit{post hoc} explainability, there is no ground truth for explanations. Inspired by recent work in explaining image classifiers that does provide ground truth, we propose a similar solution for tabular data. Using copulas, a concise specification of the desired statistical properties of a dataset, users can build intuition around explainability using controlled data sets and experimentation. The current capabilities are demonstrated on three use cases: one dimensional logistic regression, impact of correlation from informative features, impact of correlation from redundant variables.
Thiolato dinitrogen (or hydrazido(4-)) complexes, [Ta(SAr)3(THF)]2(.mu.-N2) (Ar = 2,6-C6H3-iso-Pr2, 2,4,6-C6H2-iso-Pr3), and phenoxide analogs. A structural comparison of [Ta(S-2,6-C6H3-iso-Pr2)3(THF)]2(.mu.-N2), and [Ta(O-2,6-C6H3-iso-Pr2)3(THF)]2(.mu.-N2) (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThiolato dinitrogen (or hydrazido(4-)) complexes, [Ta(SAr)3(THF)]2(.mu.-N2) (Ar = 2,6-C6H3-iso-Pr2, 2,4,6-C6H2-iso-Pr3), and phenoxide analogs. A structural comparison of [Ta(S-2,6-C6H3-iso-Pr2)3(THF)]2(.mu.-N2), and [Ta(O-2,6-C6H3-iso-Pr2)3(THF)]2(.mu.-N2)R. R. Schrock, M. Wesolek, A. H. Liu, K. C. Wallace, and J. C. DewanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 12, 2050–2054Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00285a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00285a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Figure S4 from Syntaphilin Ubiquitination Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics and Tumor Cell Movements (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Regulation of tumor cell invasion by SNPH ubiquitination outside the MBD&lt;/p&gt;
Pseudomonas aeruginosa uses multiple receptors for adherence to laminin during infection of the respiratory tract and skin wounds (2019)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa efficiently adheres to human tissues, including the lungs and skin, causing infections that are difficult to treat. Laminin is a main component of the extracellular matrix, and in this study we defined bacterial laminin receptors on P. aeruginosa. Persistent clinical P. aeruginosa isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis, wounds or catheter-related urinary tract infections bound more laminin compared to blood isolates. Laminin receptors in the outer membrane were revealed by 2D-immunblotting, and the specificities of interactions were confirmed with ELISA and biolayer interferometry. Four new high-affinity laminin receptors were identified in the outer membrane; EstA, OprD, OprG and PA3923. Mutated bacteria devoid of these receptors adhered poorly to immobilized laminin. All bacterial receptors bound to the heparin-binding domains on LG4 and LG5 of the laminin alpha chain as assessed with truncated laminin fragments, transmission electron microscopy and inhibition by heparin. In conclusion, P. aeruginosa binds laminin via multiple surface receptors, and isolates from lungs of cystic fibrosis patients bound significantly more laminin compared to bacteria isolated from the skin and urine. Since laminin is abundant in both the lungs and skin, we suggest that laminin binding is an important mechanism in P. aeruginosa pathogenesis.
Removal of interference from electrophysiologic signals concurrent with functional magnetic resonance imaging (2002)

A computationally efficient, easily implemented, and highly effective algorithm is developed to remove burst noise due to radiofrequency pulses used in functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) from concurrent physiologic time series. The algorithm is used in this case to eliminate FMRI burst noise from electrocardiograms, but may also be employed in any situation where nonlinear manifestations of measurable noise instantaneously corrupt a desired signal.
Synthesis, spectroscopy, and electrochemical investigation of new conjugated polymers containing thiophene and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole in the main chain (2012)

Abstract Novel photoluminescent donor–acceptor poly( p ‐phenylenevinylene)‐type conjugated polymers containing thiophene and 1,3,4‐thiadiazole units in the main chain were synthesized from 2,5‐bis(5‐bromomethyl‐2‐thienyl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole and 1,3/1,4‐benzenedialdehyde by Wittig–Horner reaction. The synthesized polymers were characterized by the use of thermal analysis and spectroscopic (infrared, UV‐visible absorption, and photoluminescence) measurement. The resultant material exhibited bluish green, green, and orange fluorescence in their solution and thin film and solid forms, respectively. The redox property of the polymers has also been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The optical and electrochemical studies reveal that these novel polymers are new promising materials for the development of efficient polymer light‐emitting diodes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012