gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acoustic Side-Channel Attacks on Additive Manufacturing Systems (2016)

Additive manufacturing systems, such as 3D printers, emit sounds while creating objects. Our work demonstrates that these sounds carry process information that can be used to indirectly reconstruct the objects being printed, without requiring access to the original design. This is an example of a physical-to-cyber domain attack, where information gathered from the physical domain, such as acoustic side-channel, can be used to reveal information about the cyber domain. Our novel attack model consists of a pipeline of audio signal processing, machine learning algorithms, and context-based post-processing to improve the accuracy of the object reconstruction. In our experiments, we have successfully reconstructed the test objects (designed to test the attack model under various benchmark parameters) and their corresponding G-codes with an average accuracy for axis prediction of 78.35% and an average length prediction error of 17.82% on a Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) based additive manufacturing system. Our work exposes a serious vulnerability in FDM based additive manufacturing systems exploitable by physical-to-cyber attacks that may lead to theft of Intellectual Property (IP) and trade secrets. To the best of our knowledge this kind of attack has not yet been explored in additive manufacturing systems.
Addition of a terminal phosphinidene complex to a conjugated diene. Thermal rearrangement of a vinylphosphirane to a 1,4-adduct (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition of a terminal phosphinidene complex to a conjugated diene. Thermal rearrangement of a vinylphosphirane to a 1,4-adductKoop Lammertsma, Jui Te Hung, Pooran Chand, and Gary M. GrayCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 24, 6557–6560Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00050a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00050a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The HET-s Prion Protein of the Filamentous Fungus Podospora anserina Aggregates in Vitro into Amyloid-like Fibrils (2002)

The HET-s protein of Podospora anserina is a fungal prion. This protein behaves as an infectious cytoplasmic element that is transmitted horizontally from one strain to another. Under the prion form, the HET-s protein forms aggregates in vivo. The specificity of this prion model compared with the yeast prions resides in the fact that under the prion form HET-s causes a growth inhibition and cell death reaction when co-expressed with the HET-S protein from which it differs by 13 residues. Herein we describe the purification and initial characterization of recombinant HET-s protein expressed in Escherichia coli. The HET-s protein self-associates over time into high molecular weight aggregates. These aggregates greatly accelerate precipitation of the soluble form. HET-s aggregates appear as amyloid-like fibrils using electron microscopy. They bind Congo Red and show birefringence under polarized light. In the aggregated form, a HET-s fragment of approximately 7 kDa is resistant to proteinase K digestion. CD and FTIR analyses indicate that upon transition to the aggregated state, the HET-s protein undergoes a structural rearrangement characterized by an increase in antiparallel beta-sheet structure content. These results suggest that the [Het-s] prion element propagates in vivo as an infectious amyloid.
Type 2 Diabetes and Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs (2008)

Type II diabetes is a heterogeneous disease where environment and genetics are important factors for the expression of the disease. The high cost for treating complications of diabetes is a burden for public health systems and governments worldwide. Type II diabetes has been causing debilitation worldwide for many decades, and a single drug that safely treats the disease has yet to be discovered. Sulfonylureas, biguanides, alpha-glucosidase, meglitinides, DPP-4 inhibitors and thiazolidinediones are among the classes of oral hypoglycemic drugs available to treat Type II diabetes, but concerns exist regarding safety and efficacy of these drugs. In this article we present the pros and cons of the six classes and discuss some of the latest advances towards the development of new drugs for the treatment of Type II diabetes.
Polymer Nanosheet Containing Star‐Like Copolymers: A Novel Scalable Controlled Release System (2018)

Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)-based nanomaterials, such as nanoparticles and liposomes, have exhibited great potential as controlled release systems, but the difficulties in large-scale fabrication limit their practical applications. Among the various methods being developed to fabricate polymer nanosheets (PNSs) for different applications, such as Langmuir-Blodgett technique and layer-by-layer assembly, are very effort consuming, and only a few PNSs can be obtained. In this paper, poly(ε-caprolactone)-based PNSs with adjustable thickness are obtained in large quantity by simple water exposure of multilayer polymer films, which are fabricated via a layer multiplying coextrusion method. The PNS is also demonstrated as a novel controlled guest release system, in which release kinetics are adjustable by the nanosheet thickness, pH values of the media, and the presence of protecting layers. Theoretical simulations, including Korsmeyer-Peppas model and Finite-element analysis, are also employed to discern the observed guest-release mechanisms.
Assessment of a Targeted Electronic Health Record Intervention to Reduce Telemetry Duration (2018)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02529176.
The microwave radiation effect on the polymerization of styrene (1996)

Styrene was cured by microwave radiation at two different powers: 300 and 500 W. The temperature profile of the sample during the microwave curing process was determined to select a suitable temperature for comparison with the conventional method of cure. The results indicate a similar comparable temperature of about 80°C irrespective of the microwave power used. The percentage conversion of the cure was followed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal polymerization at 79(±1)°C displayed a gradual increase in the rate of reaction at the gel effect from about 30 to 50% conversion of the reaction. The microwave cure at 300 and 500 W displayed a large and sharp gel effect from about 20 to 69 and 64% conversion of the reaction, respectively. The limiting conversion decreased with increase in microwave power which was also observed in the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). Based on similarity in temperature and reaction conditions, the 500 W cure was found to show a reaction rate enhancement of 190% and the 300 W cure 120%. A comparison of microwave induced reactions with thermal methods, therefore, must also specify the microwave power used. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
RF filters in SiGe BiCMOS technology and fully depleted silicon-on-insulator cmos technology (2006)

This paper presents two integrated non-reflective bandpass filters. The filters are implemented in a silicon germanium (SiGe) BiCMOS technology and fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) CMOS technology. The purpose of these circuits is to explore the feasibility of passive filter applications on silicon substrates while maintaining low insertion loss and 50 Ohm impedance matching. The SiGe-based filter achieved 3.3-4.2 dB insertion loss across 3.5-4.5 GHz with input return loss better than -10 dB from 1-10 GHz. The FDSOI filter simulation yielded an insertion loss of 4.5 dB across the design frequency of 3.7-4.3 GHz
Genetic aspects of polydactyly. (1996)

The early limb development follows the similar pattern in all vertebrates since different species develop using the same regulatory genes in the formation of the body plan. Some of these genes remained well conserved during evolution and can be traced back as far as Drosophila--while some others changed their structure or developed new functions. This is why the limbs from different animals still look different from one another. However, all existing tetrapods have, like Homo Sapiens, limbs with five, or fewer digits. It has been argued that the interplay of the factors controlling the patterning and differentiation during the embryonal limb development can provide five distinct "genotypes" allowing development of only five different digits. This would imply that the Greek definition of polydactyly, namely "duplication of the finger or a part of it", is correct, not only in morphological but also in a genetical sense. Genes involved in the determination of the outline of the limb are candidates for disorders like polydactyly and syndactyly. Recently, we have localised the gene for triphalangeal thumb (TPT) on chromosome 7q. As almost 50% of our patient population also had rudimentary postaxial polydactyly and/or syndactyly, the interesting question arose whether the TPT gene also was responsible for isolated post-axial polydactyly. Our preliminary evidence suggests, however, that different gene(s) are involved in the pathomorphogenesis of postaxial polydactyly. Studies of human congenital hand malformations--combined with genetic studies in lower vertebrates--will help us to understand not only the molecular basis of these disorders, but also to get insight into the fascinating mechanisms involved in the normal development of the human hand.
In situ spectroscopy of high-power vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (2013)

Spectroscopic techniques for an in situ analysis of vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers are presented and exemplary results are discussed. Spatially resolved photoluminescence is shown to provide access to the temperature distribution inside the active area of the laser chip. Both the shape and the size of the pump spot are found to strongly influence the thermal properties and the output power of the device. In addition, the temporal stability of a laser emitting at two distinct wavelengths is studied using single-shot streak-camera measurements. The collected data is evaluated via quantitative statistical analysis schemes identifying stable and unstable regimes of operation.
Development of Human Single-Chain Antibodies against SARS-Associated Coronavirus (2008)

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), caused by a distinct coronavirus, in 2003 greatly threatened public health in China, Southeast Asia as well as North America. Over 1,000 patients died of the SARS virus, representing 10% of infected people. Like other coronaviruses, the SARS virus also utilizes a surface glycoprotein, namely the spike protein, to infect host cells. The spike protein of SARS virus consists of 1,255 amino acid residues and can be divided into two sub-domains, S1 and S2. The S1 domain mediates the binding of the virus to its receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, which is abundantly distributed on the surface of human lung cells. The S2 domain mediates membrane fusion between the virus and the host cell. Hence two strategies can be used to block the infection of the SARS virus, either by interfering with the binding of the S1 domain to the receptor or by blocking the fusion of the virus with the cell membrane mediated by the S2 domain. Several antibodies against the S1 domain have been generated and all of them are able to neutralize the virus in vitro and in vivo using animal models. Unfortunately, point mutations have been identified in the S1 domain, so that the virus isolated in the future may not be recognized by these antibodies. As no mutation has been found in the S2 domain indicating that this region is more conserved than the S1 domain, it may be a better target for antibody binding. After predicting the immunogenicity of the epitopes of the S2 domain, we chemically synthesized two peptides and also expressed one of them using a recombinant DNA method. We screened a phage displaying library of human single-chain antibodies (ScFv) against the predicted epitopes and obtained a human ScFv which can recognize the SARS virus in vitro.
Fracture Toughness Assessment of Patterned Cu-Interconnect Stacks by Dual-Cantilever-Beam (DCB) Technique (2009)

Dual cantilever beam (DCB) mechanical testing is applied to two kinds of chips, manufactured in the 45 nm technology node. Both chips consist of different numbers of ultra low-k (ULK) dielectric layers, however, they have similarly designed crack-stop structures. It is shown that in all cases, cohesive cracking occurred in the upper ULK layers. The crack-stops hamper the crack propagation, and cracks are deflected outside the interconnect stack. The paths of the deflected crack fronts are FIB-sectioned and imaged in SEM. The increasing number of ULK layers leads to decrease in effective <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Gc</i> of the stack.
Yeast heterochromatin regulators Sir2 and Sir3 act directly at euchromatic DNA replication origins (2018)

ABSTRACT Most active DNA replication origins are found within euchromatin, while origins within heterochromatin are often inactive or inhibited. In yeast, origin activity within heterochromatin is negatively controlled by the histone H4K16 deacetylase, Sir2, and at some heterochromatic loci also by the nucleosome binding protein, Sir3. The prevailing view has been that direct functions of Sir2 and Sir3 are confined to heterochromatin. However, growth defects in yeast mutants compromised for loading the MCM helicase, such as cdc6-4 , are robustly suppressed by deletion of either SIR2 or SIR3 . While this and other observations indicate that SIR2,3 can have a negative impact on at least some euchromatic origins, the genomic scale of this effect was unknown. It was also unknown whether this suppression resulted from direct functions of Sir2,3 within euchromatin, or was an indirect effect of their previously established roles within heterochromatin. Using both MCM ChIP-Seq and MNase-H4K16ac ChIP-Seq data, we show that a SIR2 deletion rescues MCM complex loading at ~80% of euchromatic origins in cdc6-4 cells. Therefore, Sir2 exhibits a pervasive effect at the majority of euchromatic origins. Importantly, in wild type (i.e. CDC6 ) cells, origin-adjacent nucleosomes were depleted for H4K16 acetylation in a SIR2 -dependent manner. In addition, both Sir2 and Sir3 directly bound to nucleosomes adjacent to euchromatic origins. The relative levels of each of these molecular hallmarks of yeast heterochromatin – SIR2 -dependent H4K16 hypoacetylation, Sir2, and Sir3 – correlated with how strongly a SIR2 deletion suppressed the MCM loading defect in cdc6-4 cells. Finally, a screen for histone H3 and H4 mutants that could suppress the cdc6-4 growth defect identified amino acids that map to a surface of the nucleosome important for Sir3 binding. We conclude that heterochromatin proteins directly bind euchromatic DNA replication origins and modify their local chromatin environment.
Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Study on Modular Resilin Fusion Protein (2017)

The adhesive and mechanical properties of a modular fusion protein consisting of two different types of binding units linked together via a flexible resilin-like-polypeptide domain are quantified. The adhesive domains have been constructed from fungal cellulose-binding modules (CBMs) and an amphiphilic hydrophobin HFBI. This study is carried out by single-molecule force spectroscopy, which enables stretching of single molecules. The fusion proteins are designed to self-assemble on the cellulose surface, leading into the submonolayer of proteins having the HFBI pointing away from the surface. A hydrophobic atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip can be employed for contacting and lifting the single fusion protein from the HFBI-functionalized terminus by the hydrophobic interaction between the tip surface and the hydrophobic patch of the HFBI. The work of rupture, contour length at rupture and the adhesion forces of the amphiphilic end domains are evaluated under aqueous environment at different pHs.
Development of a 100-gm-class inspector satellite using photostructurable glass/ceramic materials (2002)

A pulsed UV laser volumetric direct-write patterning technique has been used to fabricate the structural members and key fluidic distribution systems of a miniature 100 gm mass spacecraft called the Co-Orbital Satellite Assistant (COSA). A photostructurable glass ceramic material enables this photo-fabrication process. The COSA is a miniature space vehicle designed to assist its host ship by serving as a maneuverable external viewing platform. Using orbital dynamics simulation software, a minimum (Delta) V solution has been found that allows a COSA vehicle to eject from the host and maneuver into an observation orbit about the host vehicle. The result of the simulant show that a cold gas propulsion system can adequately support the mission given a total fuel volume of 5 cm<SUP>3</SUP>. A prototype COSA with dimensions of 50 X 50 X 50 mm has been fabricated and assembled for simulation experiments on an air table. The vehicle is fashioned out of 7 laser patterned wafers, electronics boards and a battery. The patterned wafers include an integrated 2-axis propulsion system, a fuel tank and a propellant distribution system. The electronics portion of the COSA vehicle includes a wireless communication system, 2 microcontrollers for system, 2 microcontrollers for system control and MEMS gyros for relative attitude determination. The COSA vehicle is designed to be mass producible and scalable.
Mechanism of hormone-stimulated lipolysis in adipocytes: translocation of hormone-sensitive lipase to the lipid storage droplet. (1992)

Hormone-sensitive lipase activity (HSL), which is found in the supernatant of centrifuged homogenates of lipolytically quiet isolated rat adipocytes, was greatly reduced in or absent from the supernatant of lipolytically stimulated cells. The lipase was purified 100- to 250-fold from the supernatant of lipolytically quiet cells to 10-20% purity by a single passage over phenyl-Sepharose resin with high (greater than 70%) activity yields. Western blotting of adipocyte homogenate fractions with polyclonal antiserum raised against HSL showed that the enzyme shifted quantitatively from the supernatant of control cells to the floating "fat cake" of lipolytically stimulated cells. A similar shift to the fat cake was observed when cells were disrupted by hypotonic lysis and centrifugation rather than by homogenization. We propose that upon lipolytic activation of adipocytes and phosphorylation of HSL by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, the critical event is not an increase in catalytic activity (i.e., turnover number) but a translocation of the lipase to its substrate at the surface of the lipid storage droplet.
Interplay between liver and blood stages of Plasmodium infection dictates malaria severity via γδ T cells and IL-17-promoted stress erythropoiesis (2023)

Plasmodium replicates within the liver prior to reaching the bloodstream and infecting red blood cells. Because clinical manifestations of malaria only arise during the blood stage of infection, a perception exists that liver infection does not impact disease pathology. By developing a murine model where the liver and blood stages of infection are uncoupled, we showed that the integration of signals from both stages dictated mortality outcomes. This dichotomy relied on liver stage-dependent activation of Vγ4+ γδ T cells. Subsequent blood stage parasite loads dictated their cytokine profiles, where low parasite loads preferentially expanded IL-17-producing γδ T cells. IL-17 drove extra-medullary erythropoiesis and concomitant reticulocytosis, which protected mice from lethal experimental cerebral malaria (ECM). Adoptive transfer of erythroid precursors could rescue mice from ECM. Modeling of γδ T cell dynamics suggests that this protective mechanism may be key for the establishment of naturally acquired malaria immunity among frequently exposed individuals.
Abstract 2146: High expression of Olfactomedin-4 correlates with chemoresistance and poor prognosis for pancreatic cancer (2019)

Abstract Background: Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor prognosis and novel therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. It is considered that suitable molecules as therapeutic targets are resistant to chemotherapy and correlate with poor prognosis. In this experiment, we aimed to identify the optimal therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: We established 10 lines of patient derived xenografts (PDXs) for pancreatic cancer. Next generation sequencer (NGS) analysis was performed for PDXs which were administered chemotherapy and untreated PDXs as a control. Furthermore, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis for the protein expression of identified molecules from PDXs and post-operative pathologic specimens from 80 patients with pancreatic cancer. When chemotherapy was added on tumor cell lines forcibly expressing the molecule, antitumor effect was compared with the control. Results: As a result of NGS analysis, we identified Olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4) molecule which was commonly shown high expression in chemotherapy administered PDXs. In IHC analysis, OLFM4 molecule expression was shown high expression with chemotherapy administered PDXs compared to untreated PDXs. For the analysis to use tumor cell lines forcedly expressing OLFM4 in vitro, the reduction rate of the tumor cell numbers was significantly lower than control vector, even if the concentration of the chemotherapy agent was increased. In a study using tissue specimens of 80 pancreatic cancer patients, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that low expression of OLFM4 had a better survival rate than patients with high expression (p=0.0926, log-rank test). In multivariate analysis, it was shown that the high expression of OLFM4 was an independent poor prognostic factor with a statistically significant difference (p=0.044, Cox proportional hazards). Conclusions: It was demonstrated that high expression of OLFM4 was involved in chemoresistance and was an independent prognostic factor for pancreatic cancer. This molecule might be a candidate of therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Ryotaro Ohkuma, Erica Yada, Yutaro Kubota, Kazuyuki Hamada, Hiroo Ishida, Yuya Hirasawa, Hirotsugu Ariizumi, Etsuko Satoh, Junji Tsurutani, Kiyoshi Yoshimura, Tetsuro Sasada, Takeshi Aoki, Masahiko Murakami, Tomoko Norose, Nobuyuki Ohike, Masafumi Takimoto, Takuya Tsunoda, Satoshi Wada. High expression of Olfactomedin-4 correlates with chemoresistance and poor prognosis for pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2146.