gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Inhibition of BCR Signaling and Suppression of B Cell Lymphoma through Irreversible Inhibition of Bruton’s Tyrosine Kinase (2008)

Abstract B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling is essential for normal B cell development and proliferation. In addition, functional BCR signaling contributes to the proliferation and survival of many B cell lymphomas through constitutive low level or tonic signaling. Disruption of this tonic signaling pathway results in cell death or decreased viability in many B cell lymphoma cells. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a member of the Tec family of protein tyrosine kinases and plays a crucial role in the development and activation of B cells through association with the BCR signalosome. We have developed a novel, potent, irreversible inhibitor of Btk that selectively disrupts the BCR signaling pathway as measured by inhibition of both Btk Y223 autophosphorylation and phosphorylation of the Btk substrate PLCg2. AVL101 inhibits Btk but leaves upstream BCR kinase activity intact; both Syk phosphorylation at Y525/526 and transphosphorylation of Btk on residue Y551 are unaltered. By mass spectrometry, we have shown that AVL101 covalently modifies Btk specifically at Cys-481, and in cell-based assays, this irreversible binding leads to prolonged inhibition of Btk kinase activity. After removal of the compound, inhibition of Btk activity is maintained in cultured B cell lymphoma cells for &amp;gt; 8 hours. This prolonged inhibition correlates with the half-life of the Btk protein, which we have found to be greater than 8 hours, irrespective of BCR activation state or modification by the inhibitor. We have demonstrated that AVL101 functionally inhibits BCR signaling in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, AVL101 inhibits BCR ligand-induced calcium flux as well as proliferation of the B cell lymphoma cell lines DOHH2 and WSU-DLCL2. In vivo, we have shown AVL101 is orally bioavailable and can inhibit Btk-dependent B cell function. Our data demonstrate that Btk is a valid therapeutic target for B cell lymphomas and other disorders dependent on BCR signaling. Furthermore, irreversible inhibition of Btk enables complete and prolonged inactivation of the target kinase, and suggests that clinically, a rapid and sustained therapeutic response may be possible using an orally available, irreversible Btk inhibitor.
Synthesis and Functionalization of a Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Based on the Sol—Gel Process and Applications in Controlled Release (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Online Control of Process Variance Using Feedback (2020)

For many stochastic control problem formulations, design objectives typically include constraining the covariance of the outputs of the system. Recent engineering challenges have demonstrated an interest in controlling system output covariances to a setpoint. However, open-loop control of system output covariance can be exceptionally challenging when the system has significant plant uncertainties. This paper explores closed-loop control of the system's output covariance using a windowed variance function. The stochastic nature of the windowed variance feedback means that root locus and other classical control design techniques cannot be immediately used. Expected value analysis is used to generate transfer functions for the average response of such systems, and the results are used to design controllers. Stochastic simulations are presented to verify the analytical results and make other observations concerning closed-loop variance control.
Techno-economic analysis of PV-battery systems in Switzerland (2021)

This paper presents a techno-economic optimization model to analyze the economic viability of a PV-battery system for different customer groups in Switzerland clustered based on their annual electricity consumption, rooftop size, annual irradiation and location. The simulations for a static investment model are carried out for years 2020-2050 and a comprehensive sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the impacts of individual parameters such as costs, load profiles, electricity prices and tariffs, etc. Results show that while combining PV with batteries already results in better net present values than PV alone for some customer groups today, the payback periods fluctuate between 2020 and 2035 due to the mixed effects of policy changes, costs and electricity price developments. The optimal PV and battery sizes increase over time and in 2050 the PV investment is mostly limited by the rooftop size. The economic viability of PV-battery system investments varies between different customer groups and the most attractive investment (i.e., that has the shortest payback period) is mostly accessible to customer groups with higher annual irradiation and electricity demand. In addition, investment decisions are highly sensitive to payback periods, future costs, electricity prices and tariff developments. Lastly, the grid impact of the PV-battery system deployments are investigated by analyzing the residual Swiss system load profiles. The dynamics of residual load profiles caused by the seasonal, daily and hourly patterns of the solar generation emphasizes the need for flexible resources with fast ramping capabilities.
Google Workloads for Consumer Devices (2018)

We are experiencing an explosive growth in the number of consumer devices, including smartphones, tablets, web-based computers such as Chromebooks, and wearable devices. For this class of devices, energy efficiency is a first-class concern due to the limited battery capacity and thermal power budget. We find that data movement is a major contributor to the total system energy and execution time in consumer devices. The energy and performance costs of moving data between the memory system and the compute units are significantly higher than the costs of computation. As a result, addressing data movement is crucial for consumer devices. In this work, we comprehensively analyze the energy and performance impact of data movement for several widely-used Google consumer workloads: (1) the Chrome web browser; (2) TensorFlow Mobile, Google's machine learning framework; (3) video playback, and (4) video capture, both of which are used in many video services such as YouTube and Google Hangouts. We find that processing-in-memory (PIM) can significantly reduce data movement for all of these workloads, by performing part of the computation close to memory. Each workload contains simple primitives and functions that contribute to a significant amount of the overall data movement. We investigate whether these primitives and functions are feasible to implement using PIM, given the limited area and power constraints of consumer devices. Our analysis shows that offloading these primitives to PIM logic, consisting of either simple cores or specialized accelerators, eliminates a large amount of data movement, and significantly reduces total system energy (by an average of 55.4% across the workloads) and execution time (by an average of 54.2%).
Energy performance prediction of lighting systems (2016)

We consider the problem of estimating lighting energy consumption in a lighting system upgrade scenario. In this scenario, a building has an existing lighting control system, denoted LCS1. We are interested in estimating the energy consumption if a more energy efficient lighting control system, denoted LCS2, had been installed. Lighting data is available from LCS2 for a specific monitored area and from LCS1 for the target upgrade area. A conventional method extrapolates the energy consumption from the monitoring area to the target area using surface area information. This has limited accuracy since differences in occupancy and daylight distribution across the two areas are not accounted for. To address this problem, we construct an energy model using support vector regression using lighting data from the monitored area. Lighting data from the target area is then used in the model to estimate the energy consumption. We show that the proposed method provides a better estimate of the energy consumption compared to the simple extrapolation method using data from an indoor office lighting system.
Diaphragmatic paralysis in the newborn. (1973)

their excretion could be provoked later by leucine loading tests.After 6 months without biotin therapy, excretion of the abnormal metabolites recurred, but again stopped within 48 hours after biotin therapy.We are indebted to Dr. G. H. Draffan and Mr. R. Clair for determining the mass-spectra of the abnormal metabolites, and to Dr. J.
Fragment shadow (2019)

We demonstrate Fragment Shadow a multi-projector system to generate visual transformed optical shadows without any latency. In our system, multiple projectors output different individual images onto the same surface to display one synthesized image. When the human body or objects occlude some of projectors, it reveals images from other projectors. Fragment Shadow enables the image synthesis pipeline in XYZ color space by the bi-directional conversion of RGB and XYZ color space and the correction of un-uniformity of projectors in addition to the geometry calibration between multiple projectors. Our optical shadow can be visually transformed with various expressions, such as geometrically fragments, textured shadow in the completely different visual and even putting our shadows in between the multiple layers of projection images. We envision the visual transformation of own optical shadow can provide unique sensations to our own bodies.
Heterocyclic‐fused benzopyrans as cannabinoid analogues (1985)

Abstract A series of A‐ring heterocyclic analogues of tetrahydrocannabinol were investigated. Chromanones 1a and 1b were functionalized by formylation with base and ethyl formate to give 6a and 6b. These formylketones were reacted with hydrazine, and Phenylhydrazine to give pyrazoles 7a,b,e , and f , respectively. When 6a and 6b were reacted wtih methylhydrazine, mixtures of methyl isomers 7c and 8a and 7d and 8b formed in a ratio of 1:2.5. Isoxazoles 10a and 10b formed similarly when hydroxylamine was used as the condensing agent. Attempts to prepare the pyrimidine derivatives 11 were thwarted by the rearrangements of 6a and 6b to chromenones 12a and 12b.
Hybrid Active-and-Passive Relaying model for SWIPT-enabled 6G-IoT Greencom Networks (2020)

In order to support a massive number of resource-constrained Internet of Things (IoT) devices and machine-type devices, it is crucial to design future beyond 5G/6G wireless networks in an energy-efficient manner while incorporating the network extension methodologies. To this end, this letter proposes a novel two-hop hybrid active-and-passive relaying scheme to facilitate simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) considering both the Time-Switching (TS) and Power-Splitting (PS) receiver architectures, while dynamically modelling the involved dual-hop time-period (TP) metric. An optimization problem is formulated for the joint optimization of throughput, harvested energy, and transmit power of a SWIPT-enabled systemwith the proposed hybrid scheme, and is solved using a nonlinear optimizer. Our numerical results in terms of weighted utility function show the superior performance of proposed hybrid scheme over passive repeater-only and active relay-only schemes, while also depicting their individual performance benefits over the corresponding benchmark SWIPT systems with the fixed-TP.
Variable domain transformation for linear PAC analysis of mixed-signal systems (2007)

This paper describes a method to perform linear AC analysis on mixed-signal systems which appear strongly nonlinear in the voltage domain but are linear in other variable domains. Common circuits like phase/delay-locked loops and duty-cycle correctors fall into this category, since they are designed to be linear with respect to phases, delays, and duty-cycles of the input and output clocks, respectively. The method uses variable domain translators to change the variables to which the AC perturbation is applied and from which the AC response is measured. By utilizing the efficient periodic AC (PAC) analysis available in commercial RF simulators, the circuit's linear transfer function in the desired variable domain can be characterized without relying on extensive transient simulations. Furthermore, the variable domain translators enable the circuits to be macromodeled as weakly-nonlinear systems in the chosen domain and then converted to voltage-domain models, instead of being modeled as strongly-nonlinear systems directly.
Selective Binding of TAR RNA by a Tat-Derived β-Peptide (2003)

[structure: see text] The interaction between the HIV-1 Tat protein and the TAR RNA element in the nascent viral genomic transcript is required for viral replication. An 11-residue beta-peptide (1), an all-beta homologue of the Arg-rich region Tat 47-57, binds TAR RNA with K(d) = 29 +/- 4 nM. A control beta-peptide (2) in which all Arg side chains are replaced by Lys side chains shows increased affinity but decreased specificity for wild-type vs bulge-deleted TAR RNA, as do the alpha-peptide analogues of 1 and 2.
Deep Learning for Moving Object Detection and Tracking from a Single Camera in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) (2018)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) gain popularity in a wide range of civilian and military applications. Such emerging interest is pushing the development of effective collision avoidance systems which are especially crucial in a crowded airspace setting. Because of cost and weight limitations associated with UAVs' payload, the optical sensors, simply digital cameras, are widely used for collision avoidance systems in UAVs. This requires moving object detection and tracking algorithms from a video, which can be run on board efficiently. In this paper, we present a new approach to detect and track UAVs from a single camera mounted on a different UAV. Initially, we estimate background motions via a perspective transformation model and then identify moving object candidates in the background subtracted image through deep learning classifier trained on manually labeled datasets. For each moving object candidates, we find spatio-temporal traits through optical flow matching and then prune them based on their motion patterns compared with the background. Kalman filter is applied on pruned moving objects to improve temporal consistency among the candidate detections. The algorithm was validated on video datasets taken from a UAV. Results demonstrate that our algorithm can effectively detect and track small UAVs with limited computing resources.
Apolipoprotein E and Amyloidogenesis (2007)

Alzheimer's amyloid beta-protein (A beta) is a modified, pathogenic form of a constitutive host protein, soluble amyloid beta-protein (sA beta). Both are conformational isomers encoded by the gene for the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), located on chromosome 21. sA beta and A beta have identical sequence but are thought to differ in their secondary structure and physicochemical properties, hence they are conformational isomers. sA beta is easily degraded, while A beta is particularly resistant. A beta has a high beta-pleated sheet content, while sA beta is thought to be more random-coil and/or alpha-helical. A beta, unlike sA beta, adopts an amyloidogenic conformation, forms aggregates and gives rise to fibrils. Most early-onset forms of Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been linked to mutations of the presenilin 1, presenilin 2 or APP genes, located on chromosomes 14, 1 and 21, respectively. Their relationship to amyloidogenesis is being investigated. On the other hand, the major risk factor for the most common form, sporadic and familial late-onset AD, is the presence of the apoE epsilon 4 allele. Recent studies have shown that a 10 kDa C-terminal fragment of apoE is complexed to A beta in neuritic plaques and that apoE isoforms can modulate amyloid formation in vitro. Moreover, thrombin cleavage of apoE generates a similar C-terminal fragment that can form amyloid-like fibrils. Thus neuritic plaques may contain both A beta and apoE amyloid fibrils. AD can be neuropathologically defined by the presence of several interacting proteins that can adopt an amyloidogenic conformation. This has led us to hypothesize that in AD, amyloidosis may be reactive rather than causative.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPENTANONES FROM NUCLEOPHILIC ADDITION/CARBONYLATION TO (η4‐DIENE)FE(CO)3 COMPLEXES (1984)

Abstract I)ie Addition reaktiver Kohlenstoffnucleophile an die 1,3‐Dien‐ Komplexe (I) erzeugt die anionischen Homoallylkomplexe (II) als Intermediäre, die CO einlagern und die Acyleisenkomplexe (III) liefern.
Phantom limb pain after unilateral arm amputation is associated with decreased heat pain thresholds in the face (2021)

Phantom limb pain (PLP) is still poorly understood. We show that PLP intensity is associated with lower heat pain thresholds, especially in the face. This finding could be related to central nervous changes in PLP.
Combination of Analytical Models and Order Reduction Methods for System Level Modeling of Gyroscopes (2005)

Within the design process of complex sensor systems different physical effects and electronic circuits for signal processing have to be analyzed. A simulation of the entire system including models for micromechanics and field effects based on partial differential equations is often impossible or too expensive concerning computing time. Furthermore, many details of component behavior calculated by Finite Element Method (FEM) are not needed at system level. In this paper we describe an approach for system level simulation of sensor systems and its application to a gyro sensor system.
Vitamins, 5. Vitamin K (2020)

The article contains sections titled: 1 Introduction 2 Physical and Chemical Properties 3 Occurrence and Dietary Sources 4 Biosynthesis 5 Chemical Synthesis 5.1 Synthesis of Phylloquinone (K1) 5.2 Synthesis of Menaquinones (K2) 5.3 Synthesis of Menadione (K3) 6 Physiological Functions 6.1 Importance for the Organism 6.2 Metabolism 6.3 Dietary Requirements 6.4 Deficiency Symptoms 6.5 Structure–Activity Relationship 7 Application 7.1 Human Medication 7.2 Animal Nutrition 8 Analysis 9 Economic Aspects List of Abbreviations References
Outracing Human Racers with Model-based Planning and Control for Time-trial Racing (2022)

Autonomous racing has become a popular sub-topic of autonomous driving in recent years. The goal of autonomous racing research is to develop software to control the vehicle at its limit of handling and achieve human-level racing performance. In this work, we investigate how to approach human expert-level racing performance with model-based planning and control methods using the high-fidelity racing simulator Gran Turismo Sport (GTS). GTS enables a unique opportunity for autonomous racing research, as many recordings of racing from highly skilled human players can served as expert emonstrations. By comparing the performance of the autonomous racing software with human experts, we better understand the performance gap of existing software and explore new methodologies in a principled manner. In particular, we focus on the commonly adopted model-based racing framework, consisting of an offline trajectory planner and an online Model Predictive Control-based (MPC) tracking controller. We thoroughly investigate the design challenges from three perspective, namely vehicle model, planning algorithm, and controller design, and propose novel solutions to improve the baseline approach toward human expert-level performance. We showed that the proposed control framework can achieve top 0.95% lap time among human-expert players in GTS. Furthermore, we conducted comprehensive ablation studies to validate the necessity of proposed modules, and pointed out potential future directions to reach human-best performance.
Structurally robust weak continuity (2002)

One of the classic problems in the true spirit of nonlinear filtering is that of detecting and estimating edges in noise. The authors pose the following optimization. Given y={y(n)}/sub n=0//sup N-1//spl isin/R/sup N/, find a finite-alphabet x/spl circ/={x/spl circ/(n)}/sub n=0//sup N-1//spl isin/A/sup N/, that minimizes d(x, y)+g(x) subject to: x satisfies a hard structural (syntactic) constraint, e.g., x is piecewise constant of plateau run-length /spl ges/M, or locally monotonic of lomo-degree /spl alpha/. Here, d(x, y)=/spl Sigma//sub n=1//sup N-1/d/sub n/(y(n), x(n)) measures the fidelity to the data, and is known as the noise term, and g(x)=/spl Sigma//sub n=1//sup N-1/g/sub n/(x(n), x(n-1)) measures the smoothness-complexity of the solution. This optimization represents the unification and outgrowth of several digital nonlinear filtering schemes, including, in particular digital counterparts of weak continuity (WC), and minimum description length (MDL) on one hand, and nonlinear regression, e.g, VORCA filtering, and digital locally monotonic regression, on the other. It is shown that the proposed optimization admits efficient Viterbi-type solution, and, in terms of performance, combines the best of both worlds.
Proximity Effect Correction For Electron Beam Lithography: Highly Accurate Correction Method (1997)

A new formula for proximity effect correction is discussed. The formula is represented by a series expansion. When infinite terms are used, the formula gives accurate optimum correction doses. The correction accuracy of the new formula is evaluated for the worst case scenario and compared with the conventional formula. It is shown that (1) the new formula suppresses correction errors to less than 0.5% for the deposited energy and (2) dimensional errors are less than 4 nm, even if only the first 3 terms are calculated for critical patterns. By using the new formula, the proximity effect correction can be carried out with sufficient accuracy, even for making reticles of 1 Gbit or higher-capacity DRAMs.
New Laser Lines of Erbium in Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (1991)

We studied the lasing and spectroscopic properties of erbium in yttrium aluminum garnet, both as a single impurity and when codoped with neodymium or holmium. In all cases, we observed lasing at 2.936 and 2.939 μm; when erbium was codoped with holmium, we also observed lasing at 2.795 and 2.766 μm. (This is in contrast to (Er,Nd):YAlO3, which lased only on one line, 2.73 μm.) By determining the energy-level splitting implied by the four observed laser lines, and combining this with transmission spectroscopy, we were able to assign unambiguous values to the Stark sublevels of the three lowest energy levels of Er3+ in YAG at room temperature.
Efficient Threshold Cryptosystems (2016)

A threshold signature or decryption scheme is a distributed implementation of a cryptosys-tem, in which the secret key is secret-shared among a group of servers. These servers can then sign or decrypt messages by following a distributed protocol. The goal of a threshold scheme is to protect the secret key in a highly fault-tolerant way. Namely, the key remains secret, and correct signatures or decryptions are always computed, even if the adversary corrupts less than a fixed threshold of the participating servers. We show that threshold schemes can be constructed by putting together several simple distributed protocols that implement arithmetic operations, like multiplication or exponen-tiation, in a threshold setting. We exemplify this approach with two discrete-log based threshold schemes, a threshold DSS signature scheme and a threshold Cramer-Shoup cryp-tosystem. Our methodology leads to threshold schemes which are more efficient than those implied by general secure multi-party computation protocols. Our schemes take a constant number of communication rounds, and the computation cost per server grows by a factor linear in the number of the participating servers compared to the cost of the underlying