gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the transparency of foam in low-density foam Z-pinch experiments (1999)

Z-pinch experiments have been performed on the SATURN and Z machines at Sandia National Laboratories to study physics issues related to x-ray radiation generation and inertial confinement fusion. Some of these experiments utilize a CH foam located on-axis to convert energy to radiation and act as a radiative transfer volume. A significant issue for foam Z-pinch experiments is the transparency of the heated foam as a function of time and wavelength. Foam transparency will be important in future foam Z-pinch experiments both because it influences the time-dependent radiation field seen by an inertial confinement fusion capsule embedded in the foam, and because it is an important factor in making high-resolution spectral measurements of a capsule or tracers embedded in the foam. In this article, we describe results from simulations and experiments which address the issue of foam transparency. We discuss imaging data from one Z experiment in which x-ray emission from a half-Au/half-CH disk located at the bottom of a 1-cm-tall, 14 mg/cc TPX foam is observed. Simulation results predicting CH foam optical depths as a function of plasma conditions are presented. In addition, we present results from spectral calculations which utilize 2D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation predictions for the time-dependent foam conditions. Our results indicate that the observed x-ray framing camera images are consistent with early-time (several ns prior to stagnation) foam electron temperatures of ≳30 eV, which is somewhat hotter than the foam electron temperatures predicted from the 2D MHD simulations at early times.
[Can prevention of hepatitis B following exposure to hepatitis virus be improved by immediate administration of HB immune serum?]. (1983)

Sixty-five medical personnel thought to be exposed to hepatitis-B-surface antigen (HBs) positive material by accidental needle stick were treated with 4 ml hepatitis B-immunoglobulin (SRK, Swiss Red Cross). The prophylaxis was started as soon as possible, mostly within an hour or two. 56 patients were followed up with clinical and serological tests at monthly intervals for 9 months. In individuals exposed to HBs-antigen negative material, signs of HBV-infection could be detected only in one. In 36 cases potentially infectious material proved to be HBs-Ag positive. Six of the medical personnel (16.7%) had signs of hepatitis B-virus infection. One individual (2.8%) developed clinical hepatitis type B. Three (8.3%) converted to active hepatitis B markers (anti-HBs and/or anti-HBc) without clinical symptoms. Two of four who already had anti-HBs before exposure developed antibodies to HBc afresh at three- and six-month intervals. These serological conversions and the one case of clinical hepatitis developed despite the fact that HB-Ig was given in nearly all cases within one hour of exposure. The incubation period was 5-8 months. It is concluded that even rapid prophylaxis with HB-Ig after needle stick exposure does not afford 100% protection. It is urged that any passive prophylaxis with HB-Ig in exposed personnel should be complemented by active hepatitis B immunization.
ChemInform Abstract: An Extremely Powerful Acylation Reaction of Alcohols with Acid Anhydrides Catalyzed by Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ASE and laser emission in double-clad EDTF (2003)

Summary from only given. We present a detailed study of emission properties of newly fabricated double-clad Er/sup 3+/-doped tellurite single mode fibers. Using a 980 nm pump, a spectrally very broad erbium amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is observed around 1.5 micron and, at sufficiently high powers, resonance lines are seen at the peak of the ASE curve. Fibers of different lengths have been measured and all found to laze efficiently in the 1530-1600 nm range. Both ASE and the laser lines shift to longer wavelengths with increasing fiber length. Tellurite glass fibers appear to facilitate radiative transitions over a broad spectral range.
HXT5 expression is determined by growth rates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2002)

Abstract In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , hexose transporter (Hxt) proteins transport glucose across the plasma membrane. The Hxt proteins are encoded by a multigene family with 20 members, of which Hxt1–4p and Hxt6–7p are the major hexose transporters. The remaining Hxt proteins have other or unknown functions. In this study, expression of HXT5 under different experimental set‐ups is determined. In glucose‐grown batch cultures, HXT5 is expressed prior to glucose depletion. Independent of the carbon source used in batch cultures, HXT5 is expressed after 24 h of growth and during growth on ethanol or glycerol, which indicates that growth on glucose is not necessary for expression of HXT5 . Increasing the temperature or osmolarity of the growth medium also induces expression of HXT5 . In fed‐batch cultures, expression of HXT5 is only observed at low glucose consumption rates, independent of the extracellular glucose concentration. The only common parameter in these experiments is that an increase of HXT5 expression is accompanied by a decrease of the growth rate of cells. To determine whether HXT5 expression is determined by the growth rate, cells were grown in a nitrogen‐limited continuous culture, which enables modulation of only the growth rate of cells. Indeed, HXT5 is expressed only at low dilution rates. Therefore, our results indicate that expression of HXT5 is regulated by growth rates of cells, rather than by extracellular glucose concentrations, as is the case for the major HXTs . A possible function for Hxt5p and factors responsible for increased expression of HXT5 upon low growth rates is discussed. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the effects of brushing with a new gel-to-foam dentifrice to brushing with regular fluoride control dentifrices on viable bacteria levels in saliva. (2009)

No statistically significant difference was indicated between the gel-to-foam dentifrice and either of the control dentifrices with respect to the level of total viable anaerobes (P > 0.05). The level of total viable VSC-producing bacteria was statistically significantly lower for the gel-to-foam dentifrice (Aquafresh Iso-active) than for one of the control dentifrices (Aquafresh Fresh & Minty) (P < 0.05), and numerically lower for the gel-to-foam dentifrice than for the other control dentifrice (Aquafresh Extreme Clean) (P = 0.0526). Use of the gel-to-foam dentifrice resulted in statistically significantly greater (P < 0.05) foam generation than the two control dentifrices.
Safety, pharmacokinetics and CNS distribution of tralesinidase alfa administered via intracerebroventricular infusion to juvenile cynomolgus monkeys (2023)

Mucopolysaccharidosis Type IIIB (MPS IIIB) is an ultrarare, fatal pediatric disease with no approved therapy. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for lysosomal enzyme alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAGLU). Tralesinidase alfa (TA) is a fusion protein comprised of recombinant NAGLU and a modified human insulin-like growth factor 2 that is being developed as an enzyme replacement therapy for MPS IIIB. Since MPS IIIB is a pediatric disease the safety/toxicity, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of TA were evaluated in juvenile non-human primates that were administered up to 5 weekly intracerebroventricular (ICV) or single intravenous (IV) infusions of TA. TA administered by ICV slow-, ICV isovolumetric bolus- or IV-infusion was well-tolerated, and no effects were observed on clinical observations, electrocardiographic or ophthalmologic parameters, or respiratory rates. The drug-related changes observed were limited to increased cell infiltrates in the CSF and along the ICV catheter track after ICV administration. These findings were not associated with functional changes and are associated with the use of ICV catheters. The CSF PK profiles were consistent across all conditions tested and TA distributed widely in the CNS after ICV administration. Anti-drug antibodies were observed but did not appear to significantly affect the exposure to TA. Correlations between TA concentrations in plasma and brain regions in direct contact with the cisterna magna suggest glymphatic drainage may be responsible for clearance of TA from the CNS. The data support the administration of TA by isovolumetric bolus ICV infusion to pediatric patients with MPS IIIB.
Structural Insights into a Hemoglobin–Albumin Cluster in Aqueous Medium (2017)

A hemoglobin (Hb) wrapped covalently by three human serum albumins (HSAs) is a triangular protein cluster designed as an artificial O<sub>2</sub>-carrier and red blood cell substitute. We report the structural insights into this Hb-HSA<sub>3</sub> cluster in aqueous medium revealed by 3D reconstruction based on cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) data and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. Cryo-TEM observations showed individual particles with approximately 15 nm diameter in the vitrified ice layer. Subsequent image processing and 3D reconstruction proved the expected spatial arrangements of an Hb in the center and three HSAs at the periphery. SAXS measurements demonstrated the monodispersity of the Hb-HSA<sub>3</sub> cluster having a molecular mass of 270 kDa. The pair-distance distribution function suggested the existence of oblate-like particles with a maximum dimeter of ∼17 nm. The supramolecular 3D structure reconstructed from the SAXS intensity using an ab initio procedure was similar to that obtained from cryo-TEM data.
A DNA telomerase vaccine for canine cancer immunotherapy (2019)

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) is highly expressed in more than 90% of canine cancer cells and low to absent in normal cells. Given that immune tolerance to telomerase is easily broken both naturally and experimentally, telomerase is an attractive tumor associated antigen for cancer immunotherapy. Indeed, therapeutic trials using human telomerase peptides have been performed. We have developed an immunogenic yet catalytically inactive human telomerase DNA construct that is in clinical trials with patients presenting solid tumors. Paralleling this human construct, we have developed a canine telomerase DNA vaccine, called pDUV5. When administered intradermally to mice combined with electrogene transfer, pDUV5 induced canine TERT specific cytotoxic T-cells as measured by IFN-γ ELISpot assay. Intradermal vaccination of healthy dogs with 400 μg of pDUV5 generated strong, broad and long lasting TERT specific cellular immune responses. <i>In vitro</i> immunization with cTERT peptides revealed the maintenance of cTERT specific T-cells in PBMCs from tumor bearing dogs showing that this repertoire was not depleted. This study highlights the potential of pDUV5 as a cancer vaccine and supports its evaluation for the treatment of spontaneous canine tumors.
Session 19 overview - imagers (2005)

This session highlights recent advancements in image sensors. Papers cover not only improvements in mainstream photographic and video applications, but also continue to demonstrate the extended range of applications that custom imagers can address.
Author response: Mechanisms of hyperexcitability in Alzheimer’s disease hiPSC-derived neurons and cerebral organoids vs isogenic controls (2019)

Increased excitation and decreased inhibition associated with abnormal neuronal morphology, aberrant ion channel properties, and synaptic dysfunction contribute to hyperexcitability in Alzheimer’s disease hiPSC-derived neuronal cultures and cerebral organoids.
Characterization of three pyranose dehydrogenase isoforms from the litter-decomposing basidiomycete Leucoagaricus meleagris (syn. Agaricus meleagris) (2016)

Multigenicity is commonly found in fungal enzyme systems, with the purpose of functional compensation upon deficiency of one of its members or leading to enzyme isoforms with new functionalities through gene diversification. Three genes of the flavin-dependent glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidoreductase pyranose dehydrogenase (AmPDH) were previously identified in the litter-degrading fungus Agaricus (Leucoagaricus) meleagris, of which only AmPDH1 was successfully expressed and characterized. The aim of this work was to study the biophysical and biochemical properties of AmPDH2 and AmPDH3 and compare them with those of AmPDH1. AmPDH1, AmPDH2 and AmPDH3 showed negligible oxygen reactivity and possess a covalently tethered FAD cofactor. All three isoforms can oxidise a range of different monosaccarides and oligosaccharides including glucose, mannose, galactose and xylose, which are the main constituent sugars of cellulose and hemicelluloses, and judging from the apparent steady-state kinetics determined for these sugars, the three isoforms do not show significant differences pertaining to their reaction with sugar substrates. They oxidize glucose both at C2 and C3 and upon prolonged reaction C2 and C3 double-oxidized glucose is obtained, confirming that the A. meleagris genes pdh2 (AY753308.1) and pdh3 (DQ117577.1) indeed encode CAZy class AA3_2 pyranose dehydrogenases. While reactivity with electron donor substrates was comparable for the three AmPDH isoforms, their kinetic properties differed significantly for the model electron acceptor substrates tested, a radical (the 2,2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid] cation radical), a quinone (benzoquinone) and a complexed iron ion (the ferricenium ion). Thus, a possible explanation for this PDH multiplicity in A. meleagris could be that different isoforms react preferentially with structurally different electron acceptors in vivo.
A Heuristic UTD Solution for Scattering by a Thin Lossless Anisotropic Slab (2020)

A heuristic uniform theory of diffraction (UTD) corner and wedge diffraction coefficient for predicting electromagnetic scattering by a thin lossless anisotropic slab is presented. An approach based on modifying UTD corner and wedge diffraction formulations for a half-plane with the reflection and transmission coefficients of an anisotropic medium is proposed. The formulation works for both uniaxial and biaxial media and the final expressions are in closed form and easy to implement in ray-tracing software. Numerical results for various scattering problems showing excellent agreement with reference solutions are provided.
Normal mode coupling in a 3D semiconductor nanocavity (2000)

Summary form only given. Recent progress in microfabrication involving, etching processes makes it possible to engineer three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures from MBE-grown planar Fabry-Perot micro-cavities. The optical mode is confined laterally by implementing a thin dielectric (native oxide) aperture layer on top of the cavity spacer. The sample under investigation consists of a 16 period GaAs/AlAs bottom mirror, a /spl lambda/ GaAs spacer, and a 4 period ZnSe/MgF/sub 2/ dielectric mirror on top of the oxide aperture. The aperture diameters range from 1 to 7 /spl mu/m. A high-quality 85 /spl Aring/ InGaAs single quantum well is located in the anti-node of the spacer.
Evaluation of Orthogonal Testing Algorithm for Detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibodies (2020)

Our results show that an OTA can be used to identify patients who require further follow-up due to potential SARS CoV-2 IgG false positive results. In addition, serological testing may not be sufficiently sensitive to reliably detect prior COVID-19 infection.
P-057 Reliability of Central Readers in the Evaluation of Endoscopic Disease Activity in Crohn’s Disease (2013)

Endoscopic assessment of the mucosa is an evolving outcome measure in clinical trials in Crohn’s disease (CD). The Crohn’s Disease Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) and the Simple Endoscopic Score for Crohn’s Disease (SES-CD) are commonly used to evaluate endoscopic disease activity in clinical trials. However, neither instrument has been fully validated, and intra- or inter- rater reliability has only been studied on a limited scale. Four central readers (GD, PR, JWD, MD) reviewed video recordings of colonoscopies obtained from 50 patients with CD. Videos were captured using a standardized system, and evaluated, in random order, 3 times by each reader. Inter and intra-rater reliability for both instruments was assessed by calculating inter-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Interpretation of ICCs was pre-defined based on the Landis and Koch benchmarks whereby a negative value reflects “poor” reliability, 0 to 0.2 “slight,” 0.21 to 0.40 “fair,” 0.41 to 0.60 “moderate,” 0.61 to 0.8 “substantial,” and above 0.81 “almost perfect” reliability.1 To assess validity, the CDEIS and SES-CD scores were also correlated with a global assessment of disease severity based on a 100 mm visual analog scale (VAS). Intra-observer intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for the CDEIS, SES-CD and VAS scores (95% CIs) were 0.89 (0.86–0.93), 0.91 (0.87–0.94), and 0.81 (0.75–0.86), respectively. The corresponding inter-rater ICCs were 0.71 (0.61–0.79), 0.83 (0.75–0.89), and 0.62 (0.52–0.73), respectively. The correlation coefficient between the CDEIS and VAS is 0.75, the correlation between the SES-CD and VAS was 0.74, and the correlation between the CDEIS and SES-CD was 0.92. Central reading of endoscopic indices to assess CD severity, by a group of 4 experienced readers, had “substantial” to “almost perfect” intra- and inter- observer reliability. These results indicate that central reading is highly reliable for the assessment of CD endoscopic disease activity, and favor the value of the SES-CD. The substantial correlation observed between the endoscopic indices and the VAS- based global rating of disease activity supports their validity. Further study is needed to assess the responsiveness of endoscopic indices and to determine the optimum instrument for use in CD clinical trials. 1 Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 1977; 33:159–174.
Asymmetric Supercardioid Beamforming Using Circular Microphone Arrays (2018)

We present a joint-diagonalization based approach for a closed-form solution of the asymmetric supercardioid, implemented with circular differential microphone arrays. These arrays are characterized as compact frequency-invariant superdirective beamformers, allowing perfect steering for all azimuthal directions. Experimental results show that the asymmetric supercardioid yields superior performance in terms of white noise gain, directivity factor, and front-to-back ratio, when additional directional attenuation constraints are imposed in order to suppress interfering signals.
2I1536 Water expelling pathway of cytochrome P450cam : Effect of mutation of a gate forming Asp297 to Leu on D-camphor binding(Heme proteins 2,The 48th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2011)

CyLochrome c oxidase (CcO) is the tenninal enzyme of the respiratory chaiii in mitochondria, which catalyzes the oxygen reduction at the hemc-eopper site, Ceupling mechanisrn between electron tTansfer and proten pumping reactions is to be elucidated.
Transfer characteristics of a thermosensory synapse in Caenorhabditis elegans (2011)

Caenorhabditis elegans is a compact, attractive system for neural circuit analysis. An understanding of the functional dynamics of neural computation requires physiological analyses. We undertook the characterization of transfer at a central synapse in C. elegans by combining optical stimulation of targeted neurons with electrophysiological recordings. We show that the synapse between AFD and AIY, the first stage in the thermotactic circuit, exhibits excitatory, tonic, and graded release. We measured the linear range of the input-output curve and estimate the static synaptic gain as 0.056 (<0.1). Release showed no obvious facilitation or depression. Transmission at this synapse is peptidergic. The AFD/AIY synapse thus seems to have evolved for reliable transmission of a scaled-down temperature signal from AFD, enabling AIY to monitor and integrate temperature with other sensory input. Combining optogenetics with electrophysiology is a powerful way to analyze C. elegans' neural function.
Investigating the Role of Surface Depletion in Governing Electron-Transfer Events in Colloidal Plasmonic Nanocrystals (2022)

Doped metal oxide nanocrystals (NCs) attract immense attention because of their ability to exhibit a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) that can be tuned extensively across the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. LSPR tunability triggered through compositional and morphological changes during synthesis (size, shape, and doping percentage) is becoming well-established, while the principles underlying dynamic, postsynthetic modulation of LSPR are not as well understood. Recent reports have suggested that the presence of a depletion layer on the NC surface may be instrumental in governing the LSPR modulation of doped metal oxide NCs. Here, we employ postsynthetic electron transfer to colloidal Sn-doped In2O3 NCs with varying sizes and Sn doping concentrations to investigate the role of the depletion layer in LSPR modulation. By measuring the maximum change in the LSPR frequency after NC reduction, we determine that a large initial volume fraction of the depletion layer in NCs results in a broad modulation of the LSPR energy and intensity. Utilizing a mathematical Drude fitting model, we track the changes in the electron density and the depletion-layer volume fraction throughout the chemical doping process, offering fundamental insights into the intrinsic NC response resulting from such electron-transfer events. We observe that the maximum change in electron density that can be induced through chemical doping is independent of Sn concentration, and subsequently, the maximum total electron density in the presence of excess reductant is independent of the NC diameter and is dependent only on the as-synthesized Sn doping concentration. This study establishes the central role that surface depletion plays in the electronic changes occurring in the NCs during postsynthetic doping, and the results will be instrumental in advancing the understanding of optical and electrical properties of different colloidal plasmonic NCs.
Single View Metrology in the Wild (2020)

Most 3D reconstruction methods may only recover scene properties up to a global scale ambiguity. We present a novel approach to single view metrology that can recover the absolute scale of a scene represented by 3D heights of objects or camera height above the ground as well as camera parameters of orientation and field of view, using just a monocular image acquired in unconstrained condition. Our method relies on data-driven priors learned by a deep network specifically designed to imbibe weakly supervised constraints from the interplay of the unknown camera with 3D entities such as object heights, through estimation of bounding box projections. We leverage categorical priors for objects such as humans or cars that commonly occur in natural images, as references for scale estimation. We demonstrate state-of-the-art qualitative and quantitative results on several datasets as well as applications including virtual object insertion. Furthermore, the perceptual quality of our outputs is validated by a user study.