gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A flexible anisotropic self-powered piezoelectric direction sensor based on double sided ZnO nanowires configuration (2015)

We have successfully synthesized highly dense and well aligned zinc oxide nanowires (NWs) on the two sides of a PEDOT: PSS substrate by a single step low temperature hydrothermal method. The grown sample was used to fabricate a double sided piezoelectric nanogenerator (NG). The maximum harvested output power density from the fabricated double sided NG configuration was about 4.44 mW cm(-2). The results obtained from the present double sided NG were approximately double the output from a single side. In addition to that, the voltage polarity of the harvested voltage from the two sides of the NG has been investigated. The results showed that upon bending, an anisotropic voltage polarity is generated on the two sides. Indicating that, this double sided NG can be used as a self-powered voltage polarity based direction sensor. The results of the present flexible double sided NG is very promising for harvesting energy from irregular mechanical energy sources in the surrounding environment. In addition, the fabricated configuration showed stability for sensing and can be used in surveillance and security applications.
Insulin-specific murine antibodies of limited heterogeneity. I. Genetic control of spectrotypes. (1979)

Immune responses by mice to porcine and bovine insulins are controlled by dominant genes linked to the H-2 gene complex. Mice bearing the H-2d haplotype respond to porcine insulin, whereas mice bearing other H-2 haplotypes do not; mice bearing the H-2b,d,v haplotypes respond to bovine insulin, whereas other strains do not. Analysis of serum antibody by isoelectric focusing demonstrates that antibodies specific for both porcine and bovine insulin are of restricted heterogeneity, suggesting that heterologous insulins stimulate a limited number of B cell clones. Banding patterns (spectrotypes) of sera from individuals of a given responder strain are remarkably uniform and these spectrotypic profiles are strain associated. In addition, phenotypic expression of spectrotypes is codominant in F1 hybrid mice and is controlled principally by allotype-linked genes. Analysis of cross-reactivity patterns demonstrates that all anti-porcine insulin antibodies bind bovine insulin and the majority of anti-bovine insulin antibodies bind porcine insulin. The minority of anti-bovine insulin antibodies that fails to bind porcine insulin may be specific for the A chain loop region of bovine insulin. These observations suggest that murine anti-insulin antibodies will provide a valuable model system for the identification of variable region genes that encode binding sites specific for protein molecules.
On Designing Communication Networks for Emergency Situations (2006)

Communication infrastructure has some specific requirements that need to be considered within the context of emergency response scenarios. A few examples are the reliability, robustness, and the ability to work with other existing technologies, namely the interoperability and compatibility of such implementations. There have been several examples of communication failures between different first responder organizations in different disaster scenarios. For example at the World Trade Center on 9/11 some of the police warnings were not heard by firefighters resulting in several lives lost [5]. To address this problem, we propose a Hybrid Wireless Mesh Network (HWMN) as a candidate for highly reliable communication infrastructure capable of working in a heterogeneous environment with different available backhaul technologies for Internet connectivity. Also, cellular technology, as a pre-existing infrastructure, can be taken advantage of when the service is available in an emergency situation. We are using cellular simulators to study the possibilities of integrating cellular systems with other systems to evacuate people more efficiently in case of emergency and present alternative routes to avoid traffic congestion.
LPR: A CT and MR-Compatible Puncture Robot to Enhance Accuracy and Safety of Image-Guided Interventions. (2008)

International audience
Dynamics of the Morphological Degradation of Si‐Based Anodes for Li‐Ion Batteries Characterized by In Situ Synchrotron X‐Ray Tomography (2019)

Abstract The alloying reaction of silicon with lithium in negative electrodes for lithium‐ion batteries causes brutal morphological changes that severely degrade their cyclability. In this study, the dynamics of their expansion and contraction, of their cracking in the bulk and of their debonding at the interface with the current collector are visualized by in situ synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography and quantified from appropriate 3D imaging analyses. Two electrodes made with same silicon material having reasonable particle size distribution from an applied point of view are compared: one fabricated according to a standard process and the other one prepared with a maturation step, which consists in storing the electrode in a humid atmosphere for a few days before drying and cell assembly. All morphological degradations are significantly restrained for the matured electrode, confirming the great efficiency of this maturation step to produce a more ductile and resilient electrode architecture, which is at the origin of the major improvement in their cyclability.
Visualization of Magnetotactic Bacteria Behavior using Dark-field Microscopy (2007)

Magnetotactic bacteria are a class of bacteria that has nano sized magnetic crystals inside their body and respond to geomagnetic field. This paper reports the experimental research on visualization of magnetotactic bacteria "Magnetospirillum Magnetotacticum" behaviors under no/DC/AC magnetic field. The motion of magnetotactic bacteria was observed using an optical dark-field microscope system. The images were taken using cameras, and measured by image processing techniques. Applying DC/AC magnetic field, it was observed that magnetotactic bacteria rotated in the direction of magnetic field.
Use of axial Pattersons in Assessment of Compatibility of alternative B‐DNA structures with fibre X‐ray data (1984)

Abstract Results are reported for an analysis of the compatibility of various models for duplex DNA with available X‐ray data for moist DNA fibres using axial Pattersons. The models considered are the Arnott refined double helix, the Levitt modified double helix and a stereochemically refined version of the side‐by‐side structure. This relatively simple test of gross structural features circumvents difficulties associated with the comparison of models based on determinations of atomic positions from the limited X‐ray data available from paracrystalline samples. The advantage of the axial Patterson is that it is calculable directly from the fibre diffraction data, involves no assumptions about the molecular symmetry of the sample and is interpretable in terms of the gross molecular structure. While the results are not definitive they do enable the range of structural possibilites for duplex DNA to be explored.
Protection of esophageal multi-lineage progenitors of squamous epithelium (stem cells) from ionizing irradiation by manganese superoxide dismutase-plasmid/liposome (MnSOD-PL) gene therapy. (2005)

MnSOD-PL gene therapy protects esophageal SP cells from irradiation in vitro and in vivo.
Contact Angle and Adhesion Dynamics and Hysteresis on Molecularly Smooth Chemically Homogeneous Surfaces (2017)

Measuring truly equilibrium adhesion energies or contact angles to obtain the thermodynamic values is experimentally difficult because it requires loading/unloading or advancing/receding boundaries to be measured at rates that can be slower than 1 nm/s. We have measured advancing-receding contact angles and loading-unloading adhesion energies for various systems and geometries involving molecularly smooth and chemically homogeneous surfaces moving at different but steady velocities in both directions, ±V, focusing on the thermodynamic limit of ±V → 0. We have used the Bell Theory (1978) to derive expressions for the dynamic (velocity-dependent) adhesion energies and contact angles suitable for both (i) dynamic adhesion measurements using the classic Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR, 1971) theory of "contact mechanics" and (ii) dynamic contact angle hysteresis measurements of both rolling droplets and syringe-controlled (sessile) droplets on various surfaces. We present our results for systems that exhibited both steady and varying velocities from V ≈ 10 mm/s to 1 nm/s, where in all cases but one, the advancing (V > 0) and receding (V < 0) adhesion energies and/or contact angles converged toward the same theoretical (thermodynamic) values as V → 0. Our equations for the dynamic contact angles are similar to the classic equations of Blake & Haynes (1969) and fitted the experimental adhesion data equally well over the range of velocities studied, although with somewhat different fitting parameters for the characteristic molecular length/dimension or area and characteristic bond formation/rupture lifetime or velocity. Our theoretical and experimental methods and results unify previous kinetic theories of adhesion and contact angle hysteresis and offer new experimental methods for testing kinetic models in the thermodynamic, quasi-static, limit. Our analyses are limited to kinetic effects only, and we conclude that hydrodynamic, i.e., viscous, and inertial effects do not play a role at the interfacial velocities of our experiments, i.e., V < (1-10) mm/s (for water and hexadecane, but for viscous polymers it may be different), consistent with previously reported studies.
Prior Networks for Detection of Adversarial Attacks (2018)

Adversarial examples are considered a serious issue for safety critical applications of AI, such as finance, autonomous vehicle control and medicinal applications. Though significant work has resulted in increased robustness of systems to these attacks, systems are still vulnerable to well-crafted attacks. To address this problem, several adversarial attack detection methods have been proposed. However, a system can still be vulnerable to adversarial samples that are designed to specifically evade these detection methods. One recent detection scheme that has shown good performance is based on uncertainty estimates derived from Monte-Carlo dropout ensembles. Prior Networks, a new method of estimating predictive uncertainty, has been shown to outperform Monte-Carlo dropout on a range of tasks. One of the advantages of this approach is that the behaviour of a Prior Network can be explicitly tuned to, for example, predict high uncertainty in regions where there are no training data samples. In this work, Prior Networks are applied to adversarial attack detection using measures of uncertainty in a similar fashion to Monte-Carlo Dropout. Detection based on measures of uncertainty derived from DNNs and Monte-Carlo dropout ensembles are used as a baseline. Prior Networks are shown to significantly out-perform these baseline approaches over a range of adversarial attacks in both detection of whitebox and blackbox configurations. Even when the adversarial attacks are constructed with full knowledge of the detection mechanism, it is shown to be highly challenging to successfully generate an adversarial sample.
Long Dialogue Emotion Detection Based on Commonsense Knowledge Graph Guidance (2023)

Dialogue emotion detection is always challenging due to human subjectivity and the randomness of dialogue content. In a conversation, the emotion of each person often develops via a cumulative process, which can be influenced by many elements of uncertainty. Much commonsense knowledge influences people's emotions imperceptibly, such as experiential or habitual knowledge. In the process of conversation, this commonsense knowledge information can be used to enrich the semantic information of each utterance and improve the accuracy of emotion recognition. In this paper, we propose a growing graph model for dialogues emotion detection based on retrieval of external knowledge atlas ATOMIC from local and global respectively, which can effectively represent the dialogues as a process variable in a sequence and the correlation among utterances also can be represented by the graph model. In particular, 1) we introduce a common sense knowledge graph for linking the commonsense knowledge retrieved from external knowledge atlas ATOMIC, which can effectively add auxiliary information to improve the performance of each utterance's representation. 2) We propose a novel self-supervised learning method for extracting the latent topic of each dialogue. Based on this design, we also propose an effective optimization mechanism to make the representation (embedding) of latent topic has a better distinction for the next operation. 3) Finally, the cross-attention module is utilized to combine the utterances' features and the latent conversation topic information. The attention mechanism can effectively use topic information to supplement the representation of utterances and improve recognition performance. The model is tested on three popular datasets in dialogue emotion detection and is empirically demonstrated to outperform the state-of-the-art approaches. Meanwhile, to demonstrate the performance of our approach, we also build a long dialogue dataset. The average length of each conversation is over 50 utterances. The final experimental results also demonstrate the superior performance of our approach.
In Situ Electrochemical Strain Gage Monitoring of Actuation in Conducting Polymers (2002)

This paper reports on the first use of an in situ electrochemical strain gage method for the monitoring of the mechanical properties of conducting and redox electroactive polymers as they are switched between their neutral and oxidatively doped forms. Electrodeposition of three conducting polymers, specifically polypyrrole (PPy), poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP), and poly[3,6-bis(2-(3,4-ethylenedioxy)thienyl)-N-carbazole] (PBEDOT-Cz) onto gold-coated strain gages allowed direct comparison of their actuation properties. It was found that the electromechanical response of PPy was significantly larger than either PEDOP or PBEDOT-Cz. This is attributed to the ability of PPy to cross-link at the open 3- and 4-positions of the heterocycle ring during electropolymerization. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
High quality epitaxial ZnSe and the relationship between electron mobility and photoluminescence characteristics (1989)

High quality epitaxial layers of nominally undoped ZnSe have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at low temperature (325 °C) and pressure (30 Torr), using dimethylzinc and hydrogen selenide. All layers were unintentionally doped n type with net carrier concentrations of 6.4×1014–1.5×1016 cm−3 and exhibited very high mobility at room temperature (up to 500 cm2/V s) as well as at 77 K, where the measured value of 9250 cm2/V s is the highest so far reported for vapor phase growth. Additional evidence for the high quality of the material is provided by photoluminescence. Experimental results indicate a correlation between the photoluminescence characteristics and the electrical properties that may be useful in assessing the quality of ZnSe films.
Efficient Formation of Benzylic Quaternary Centers via Palladium Catalysis (2013)

Four's a crowd: An efficient protocol for the formation of benzylic quaternary centers via arylation of enones using a catalyst made from Pd(O2 CCF3 )2 and 2,2'-bipyridine is developed. For cyclic substrates, catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol % Pd are enough to afford excellent yields (>90%) using a variety of arylboronic acids. In case of acyclic substrates, the addition of KSbF6 was found to improve conversions and yields.
QOS routing in multi-domain networks (2005)

With increasing number of mission critical applications and associated traffic volume on commercial and DoD IP networks, it is becoming increasingly critical for the network infrastructure to be more aware of the quality of service (in a broad sense of the word) requirements and use this awareness in routing, differential treatment of packets, in management-level resource provisioning and allocation. In this paper, we focus on the implication of these requirements on the routing architecture and protocols. In particular, we argue that the inter domain routing protocols like the border gateway protocol (BGP) and its integration with the interior gateway protocol (IGP) need to account for the diversity in the QoS requirements of the applications, users, and mission. The solution we suggest involves allowing multiple inter-AS routes for the same source destination pair, propagation of multiple routes, and of multiple QoS-affecting metrics in the BGP UPDATE messages. These enhancements allow routes to be matched with application requirements and hence allow satisfaction of applications QoS requirements at minimal cost. In order to keep the solution scalable, we limit the propagation of information to non-dominated routes, and design a small set of QoS metrics. Details of the protocols and quantitative analysis will be presented in future papers. Our approach, along with IntServe and DiffServe based QoS capabilities, and traffic engineering extensions of intra domain routing protocols, provide a framework for end-to-end QoS-aware networking.
Surface Anchoring Influence on Polarization Switching Properties of Ssflcs (1997)

Abstract Polarization switching properties of SSFLCs in terms of the surface anchoring effect were investigated. Low frequency and low voltage triangular waveform applications on to low, medium and high pretilt cells suggest that the low pretilt chevron geometry cell provides stronger anchoring effect. Low pretilt quasi-bookshelf cell indicates whole LC molecule's switchings including the interface area. This conclusion is also supported by the polarization switching study under the compression and expansion environment.
Microondas doméstico na síntese de derivados ftalimídicos (2014)

Microwaves have been used in organic synthesis, since 1986, and have proved advantageous in several respects: the possibility of higher yields, greater selectivity and less thermal decomposition. Phthalimide and its derivatives constitute an important class of compounds for use in synthetic organic chemistry; in medicinal chemistry, it is considered an important biophore, acting as a pharmacophoric structural subunit for the synthesis of a number of compounds with different pharmacological uses, such as against sickle-cell disease. The purpose of the work reported here was to develop an alternative method for the synthesis of phthalimide derivatives by exploiting the condensation of phthalic anhydride with amino groups under microwave radiation. The results showed that phthalimide derivatives were obtained in shorter reaction times (5-10 min) and higher yields (60-89%) than by with conventional heating (reflux), demonstrating the potential use of microwaves in the synthesis of this class of molecules.
Iliocaval Venous Obstruction, Cardiac Preload Reserve and Exercise Limitation (2020)

Abstract Cardiac output during exercise increases by as much as fivefold in the untrained man, and by as much as eightfold in the elite athlete. Increasing venous return is a critical but much overlooked component of the physiological response to exercise. Cardiac disorders such as constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy and pulmonary hypertension are recognised to impair preload and cause exercise limitation; however, the effects of peripheral venous obstruction on cardiac function have not been well described. This manuscript will discuss how obstruction of the iliocaval venous outflow can lead to impairment in exercise tolerance, how such obstructions may be diagnosed, the potential implications of chronic obstructions on sympathetic nervous system activation, and relevance of venous compression syndromes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Single-User Beamforming in Large-Scale MISO Systems with Per-Antenna\n Constant-Envelope Constraints: The Doughnut Channel (2011)

Large antenna arrays at the base station (BS) has recently been shown to\nachieve remarkable intra-cell interference suppression at low complexity.\nHowever, building large arrays in practice, would require the use of\npower-efficient RF amplifiers, which generally have poor linearity\ncharacteristics and hence would require the use of input signals with a very\nsmall peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). In this paper, we consider the\nsingle-user Multiple-Input Single-Output (MISO) downlink channel for the case\nwhere the BS antennas are constrained to transmit signals having constant\nenvelope (CE). We show that, with per-antenna CE transmission the effective\nchannel seen by the receiver is a SISO AWGN channel with its input constrained\nto lie in a doughnut-shaped region. For single-path direct-line-of-sight (DLOS)\nand general i.i.d. fading channels, analysis of the effective doughnut channel\nshows that under a per-antenna CE input constraint, i) compared to an\naverage-only total transmit power constrained MISO channel, the extra total\ntransmit power required to achieve a desired information rate is small and\nbounded, ii) with N base station antennas an O(N) array power gain is\nachievable, and iii) for a desired information rate, using power-efficient\namplifiers with CE inputs would require significantly less total transmit power\nwhen compared to using highly linear (power-inefficient) amplifiers with high\nPAPR inputs.\n
Past, Present and Future of the European Chemical Society (EuChemS) (2020)

50 years of EuChemS: In this Guest Editorial, F. Rutjes, EuChemS President-Elect, and P. Goya, EuChemS President, provide a brief overview of the history of the European Chemical Society and of what has been achieved over the past decades as well as an impression of the challenges that lie ahead.
A repository of data related to the manuscript titled "Distributed Abstraction and Verification of an Installed Optical Fiber Network" (2020)

A repository of data related to the manuscript titled "Distributed Abstraction and Verification of an Installed Optical Fiber Network" A joint experiment between the University of Cambridge, University of Bristol and UCL to abstract the transmission performance of part of the national dark fibre facility. MATLAB file TRx_Calbrations.m reports the receiver calibration phase. excel file RawLoopBackResults_Dec2018_v1.xlsx contains the reported results for the abstraction probing phase from each partner. excel file Summary_for_Partners_v3.xlsx summaries the abstraction phase and reports the verification results. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% The authors acknowledge funding support from the UK EPSRC (through the project INSIGHT EP/L026155/2 and the programme TRANSNET EP/R035342/1), the UK Royal Academy of Engineering under the Research Fellowships scheme and the EU H2020 project(Metro-Haul,761727), equipment from Ciena and Facebook and use of the UK EPSRC National Dark Fibre Facility, EP/S028854/1. %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
Low hole polaron migration barrier in lithium peroxide (2012)

We present computational evidence of polaronic hole trapping and migration in lithium peroxide (Li${}_{2}$O${}_{2}$), a material of interest in lithium-air batteries. We find that the hole forms in the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{*}$ antibonding molecular orbitals of the peroxide (O${}_{2}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$) anion, and that this trapped hole induces significant local lattice distortion, forming a polaron. Our study finds migration barriers for the free polaron to be between 68 and 152 meV, depending on the hopping direction. This low barrier suggests that this material might not be as insulating as previously assumed, provided that the formation of carriers can be achieved. One transport limitation may arise from lithium vacancies, which we find to strongly bind to the polaron. This result, in combination with previous experimental results, suggests that electronic conductivity in this material is likely to be determined by vacancy diffusion.