gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic liquid silver salt complexes for propene/propane separation (2010)

Properties of the room-temperature liquid complex salt [Ag(propene)(x)][Tf(2)N] have been studied to probe its suitability for acting as active separation layer in immobilised liquid membrane (ILM) concepts for propane/propene separation. The pressure/temperature range of complex formation has been determined and the thermal properties of Ag[Tf(2)N] and [Ag(propene)(x)][Tf(2)N] have been studied by DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis) measurements. Pressure dependent measurements of solubility and diffusivity showed that the observed membrane selectivity is dominated by the solubility selectivity. The self-diffusion coefficient of propene is always smaller compared to propane as propene is temporarily bound to the silver ion in the [Ag(propene)(x)][Tf(2)N] ionic liquid.
Naturally Occurring Peptide Hormones and Neurotransmitters: Synthesis (2008)

Abstract How to synthesize biologically active polypeptides chemically has long been an important challenge for many fields in chemistry and biology. In the past, the development of solution‐phase and solid‐phase synthesis techniques has made it possible to synthesize large molecules like peptides with molecular weights up to 10,000. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of how to prepare natural bioactive peptides synthetically. Because of space limitations, this review concentrates on peptide hormones and neurotransmitters.
Analysis of cellular structure and dynamics with digital holographic microscopy (2007)

Digital holographic microscopy (DHM) is a technique that allows obtaining, from a single recorded hologram, quantitative phase image of living cell with interferometric accuracy. Specifically, the optical phase shift induced by the specimen on the transmitted wave front can be regarded as a powerful endogenous contrast agent, depending on both the thickness and the refractive index of the sample. We discuss some approaches allowing to directly obtain separate measurements of the thickness and the refractive index (RI) of a given living cell from the phase signal.
Stochastic beamforming via compact antenna arrays (2012)

The paper investigates the average beamforming (BF) gain of compact antenna arrays when statistical channel knowledge is available. The optimal excitation (precoding vector) and impedance termination that maximize the average BF gain are a compromise between the ones that maximize the array efficiency and the ones that maximize the array distributed directivity. Simulation results using a symmetric uniform circular array (UCA) operating in an indoor clustering environment are provided.
Discovery and evaluation of a single source selenium sulfide precursor for the synthesis of alloy PbSxSe1−x nanocrystals (2012)

In this article, we evaluate the use of a novel single source SemSn precursor for the synthesis of alloy PbSxSe1−x nanocrystals using oleylamine as stabilizing ligand, reagent and solvent. The precursor is prepared by quenching a stoichiometric melt of S and Se. We found that this precursor, like the related sulfur-oleylamine solution popular for the synthesis of metal sulfide nanocrystals, is tolerant of air and moisture and allowed for the simple and fast preparation of nanocrystals at relatively low reaction temperatures. The resulting nanocrystals were shown to form a homogeneous alloy using electron microscopy, elemental mapping, and powder X-ray diffraction with Vegard analysis. The precursor reactivity was studied with 77Se NMR and Raman spectroscopy and was shown to form H2Se and H2S in situ in an analogous fashion to sulfur-oleylamine, which liberates H2S.
Impedance spectroscopy flow cytometry: Model validation (2005)

A number of microfabricated flow cytometry devices have been proposed based on electrical(1,2) or optical(3) detection techniques. On chip marker-free differentiation of cells using impedance spectroscopy was demonstrated between leukocyte sub-populations and on erythrocytes+ghosts mixtures.(4) The detection part of the chip includes 4 microelectrodes patterned on the top and bottom walls of a rectangular microchannel which define two detection volumes (Figure 1). Although preliminary results showed the potential of the impedance measurement using specific frequencies, a systemic approach is required to determine an optimal set of discrimination frequencies for cell sorting.
Spirotetrahydro β-Carbolines (Spiroindolones): A New Class of Potent and Orally Efficacious Compounds for the Treatment of Malaria (2010)

The antiplasmodial activity of a series of spirotetrahydro beta-carbolines is described. Racemic spiroazepineindole (1) was identified from a phenotypic screen on wild type Plasmodium falciparum with an in vitro IC(50) of 90 nM. Structure-activity relationships for the optimization of 1 to compound 20a (IC(50) = 0.2 nM) including the identification of the active 1R,3S enantiomer and elimination of metabolic liabilities is presented. Improvement of the pharmacokinetic profile of the series translated to exceptional oral efficacy in the P. berghei infected malaria mouse model where full cure was achieved in four of five mice with three daily doses of 30 mg/kg.
A DLVO model for catalyst motion in metal-assisted chemical etching based upon controlled out-of-plane rotational etching and force-displacement measurements (2012)

Metal-assisted Chemical Etching of silicon has recently emerged as a powerful technique to fabricate 1D, 2D, and 3D nanostructures in silicon with high feature fidelity. This work demonstrates that out-of-plane rotational catalysts utilizing polymer pinning structures can be designed with excellent control over rotation angle. A plastic deformation model was developed establishing that the catalyst is driven into the silicon substrate with a minimum pressure differential across the catalyst thickness of 0.4-0.6 MPa. Force-displacement curves were gathered between an Au tip and Si or SiO(2) substrates under acidic conditions to show that Derjaguin and Landau, Verwey and Overbeek (DLVO) based forces are capable of providing restorative forces on the order of 0.2-0.3 nN with a calculated 11-18 MPa pressure differential across the catalyst. This work illustrates that out-of-plane rotational structures can be designed with controllable rotation and also suggests a new model for the driving force for catalyst motion based on DLVO theory. This process enables the facile fabrication of vertically aligned thin-film metallic structures and scalloped nanostructures in silicon for applications in 3D micro/nano-electromechanical systems, photonic devices, nanofluidics, etc.
BN/Graphene/BN Transistors for RF Applications (2011)

In this letter, we demonstrate the first BN/graphene/BN field-effect transistor for RF applications. This device structure can preserve the high mobility and the high carrier velocity of graphene, even when it is sandwiched between a substrate and a gate dielectric, and is hence very promising to enable the next generation of high-frequency graphene RF electronics.
Clinical Utility of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Serology Testing in High-risk CMV D+/R- Transplant Recipients (2005)

Late-onset cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a significant problem in D+/R- solid organ transplant (SOT) patients who receive antiviral prophylaxis. We assessed the clinical utility of CMV IgG and IgM serology testing for predicting late-onset CMV disease. We evaluated 352 D+/R- transplant recipients who participated in a trial comparing 100 days of ganciclovir versus valganciclovir prophylaxis. CMV serology was assessed on day 28, 56, 100, and 6 and 12 months post-transplant. IgG seroconversion occurred in 26.9% of patients by day 100, and in 63.4% and 75.3% by 6 and 12 months, respectively. IgM seroconversion occurred in 8.3%, 41.8% and 54.9% by day 100, month 6 and month 12, respectively. Seroconversion by day 100 (end of prophylaxis) was not predictive of subsequent CMV disease (CMV disease 13.3% if seropositive vs. 17.8% if seronegative; p = NS). However, at 6 months post-transplant, IgG serostatus was predictive of subsequent CMV disease between month 6 and 12 (CMV disease 1.3% if seropositive vs. 10.0% if seronegative; p = 0.002). In D+/R- patients, CMV serology testing is for the most part not clinically useful for predicting subsequent disease. However, seroconversion by 6 months may be useful for identifying patients at risk of late-onset CMV disease.
Amorphous vanadium oxide coating on graphene by atomic layer deposition for stable high energy lithium ion anodes (2014)

Uniform amorphous vanadium oxide films were coated on graphene via atomic layer deposition and the nano-composite displays an exceptional capacity of ~900 mA h g(-1) at 200 mAg(-1) with an excellent capacity retention at 1 A g(-1) after 200 cycles. The capacity contribution (1161 mA h g(-1)) from vanadium oxide only almost reaches its theoretical value.
Addressing the Challenges of Situationally-Induced Impairments and Disabilities in Mobile Interaction (2019)

Situationally-induced impairments and disabilities (SIIDs) make it difficult for users of interactive computing systems to perform tasks due to context (e.g., listening to a phone call when in a noisy crowd) rather than a result of a congenital or acquired impairment (e.g., hearing damage). SIIDs are a great concern when considering the ubiquitousness of technology in a wide range of contexts. Considering our daily reliance on technology, and mobile technology in particular, it is increasingly important that we fully understand and model how SIIDs occur. Similarly, we must identify appropriate methods for sensing and adapting technology to reduce the effects of SIIDs. In this workshop, we will bring together researchers working on understanding, sensing, modelling, and adapting technologies to ameliorate the effects of SIIDs. This workshop will provide a venue to identify existing research gaps, new directions for future research, and opportunities for future collaboration.
Security, Compliance, and Agile Deployment of Personal Identifiable Information Solutions on a Public Cloud (2016)

A public cloud platform offers economy of scale, ease of management, and elasticity to solutions. In addition, regulatory compliance and security must be assured for solutions handling sensitive data, such as student and healthcare data. With the steep rise in data breaches at large enterprises, it is a requirement to emphasize the security, privacy, and compliance of cloud-delivered solutions that hold personally identifiable information (PII). An example of a solution in need of such assurances is an education and learning-related analytics service that handles confidential student data on a public cloud platform. In this paper, we propose an approach for managing the security and privacy of an education and learning-analytics solution on a public cloud platform while assuring compliance with the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). We also propose a new agile deployment approach that is both rapid and automatic. A prototype of a learning-analytics solution was implemented on a SoftLayer public cloud, and the new deployment method was evaluated in comparison with existing methods.
Supplementary Figure 1 from ERBB3/HER2 Signaling Promotes Resistance to EGFR Blockade in Head and Neck and Colorectal Cancer Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 78K, Effect of REGN1400 and REGN955 on ligand-induced signaling by ERBB3 and EGFR, respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
Tracking, recognition, and distance detection of hand gestures for a 3‐D interactive display (2012)

Abstract— This study proposes an interactive system for displays, the technologies of which consists of three main parts: hand‐gesture tracking, recognition, and depth measurement. The proposed interactive system can be applied to a general 3‐D display. In this interactive system, for hand‐gesture tracking, Haar‐like features are employed to detect a specific hand gesture to start tracking, while the mean‐shift algorithm and Kalman filter are adopted for fast tracking. First, for recognizing hand gestures, a principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm is used to localize colored areas of skin, and then hand gestures are identified by comparison with a prepared database. Second, a simple optical system is set up with an infrared laser source and a grid mask in order to project a proposed horizontal stripe pattern. Third, the projected patterns are deciphered to extract the depth information using the Hough‐transform algorithm. The system containing hand‐gesture localization, recognition, and associated depth detection (the distance between the display and the hand), was included in a prototype of an interactive display. Demonstration of rotation recognition of a finger‐pointing hand gesture was successful by using the algorithm of radar‐like scanning.
Corrigendum: Algorithm 806 (2000)

In this article we present background, rationale, and a description of the Scalable Parallel Random Number Generators (SPRNG) library. We begin by presenting some methods for parallel pseudorandom number generation. We will focus on methods based on parameterization, meaning that we will not consider splitting methods such as the leap-frog or blocking methods. We describe, in detail, parameterized versions of the following pseudorandom number generators: (1) linear congruential generators, (ii) shift-register generators, and (iii) lagged-Fibonacci generators. We briefly describe the methods, detail some advantages and disadvantages of each method, and recount results from number theory that impact our understanding of their quality of parallel applications. SPRNG was designed around the uniform implementation of different families of parameterized random number generators. We then present a short description of SPRNG. The description contained within this document is meant only to outline the rationale behind and the capabilities of SPRNG. Much more information, including examples and detailed documentation aimed at helping users with putting and using SPRNG on scalable systems is available at http://sprng.cs.fsu.edu. In this description of SPRNG we discuss the random-number generator library as well as the suite of tests of randomness that is an integral part of SPRNG. Random-number tools for parallel Monte Carlo applications must be subjected to classical as well as new types of empirical tests of randomness to eliminate generators that show defects when used in scalable environments.
Viewpoint: Filling a cavity with photons, and watching them leave (2008)

Preparing a harmonic oscillator in a state with a well-defined energy is a tricky business. With the new tools provided by cavity and circuit quantum electrodynamics it is now possible to make these pure quantum states and watch how they evolve in time.
Engineering adjuvants for predictable immunity (2014)

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Insight from Steven Reed



A designer approach to adjuvant development may be required to improve upon natural immunity, to reliably induce protective immunity to pathogens against which we have no effective vaccines, and to develop effective therapeutic vaccines for cancer and
Light Meson Spectroscopy from Charm Decays (2002)

We discuss recent achievements in light scalar mesons spectroscopy through amplitude analysis of charm particle decay and its consequences. The high statistics clean samples of charmed mesons, in addition to it's definite J^P and mass, is turning these decays into a new important environment to study light meson physics. We give special attention to the scalar sector favored by a high coupling to charm.
Manipulation of blood clearance to optimize delivery of residualizing label-antibody conjugates to tumor cells in vivo. (1997)

Antibody catabolism can be directed towards either hepatocytes or Kupffer cells, and this difference can strongly affect the excretion rate of radiolabels, since only hepatocytes can excrete degradation products into bile. Processing will also depend on the particular radiolabel. These factors are particularly important for protocols involving delayed rapid blood clearance, since liver uptake is so rapid. The methods described should stimulate other approaches of manipulating Ab blood clearance and radiolabel catabolism to achieve improved therapeutic results.
Development of a Vehicle-Based Experimental Platform for Quantifying Passenger Motion Sickness during Test Track Operations (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Motion sickness in road vehicles may become an increasingly important problem as automation transforms drivers into passengers. Motion sickness could be mitigated through control of the vehicle motion dynamics, design of the interior environment, and other interventions. However, a lack of a definitive etiology of motion sickness challenges the design of automated vehicles (AVs) to address motion sickness susceptibility effectively. Few motion sickness studies have been conducted in naturalistic road-vehicle environments; instead, most research has been performed in driving simulators or on motion platforms that produce prescribed motion profiles. To address this gap, a vehicle-based experimental platform using a midsize sedan was developed to quantify motion sickness in road vehicles. A scripted, continuous drive consisting of a series of frequent 90-degree turns, braking, and lane changes were conducted on a closed track. The route was selected to be representative of naturalistic urban driving conditions and parameterized in terms of lateral and longitudinal acceleration intensities likely to produce motion sickness. Vehicle instrumentation included simultaneous measure of vehicle acceleration, passenger head kinematics, self-reported motion sickness ratings and associated sensations, and physiological responses. A no-task condition involved normative passenger behavior and unconstrained gaze. During the task condition, passengers read a handheld mini iPad tablet. The resulting vehicle-based experimental platform provided a reliable methodology designed to quantify motion sickness. Knowledge generated from studies with this platform will inform the design of AVs and the development and evaluation of countermeasures.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Performance of polygenic risk scores for cancer prediction in a racially diverse academic biobank (2021)

ABSTRACT Purpose Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with several cancers, but the predictive ability of polygenic risk scores (PRS) is unclear, especially among non-Whites. Methods Genome-wide genotype data was available for 20,079 individuals enrolled in an academic biobank. PRS were derived from significant DNA variants for 15 cancers. We determined the discriminatory accuracy of each cancer-specific PRS in patients of genetically-determined African and European ancestry separately. Results Among individuals of European genetic ancestry, PRS for breast, colon, melanoma, and prostate were significantly associated with their respective cancers (OR 1.25-1.47). Among individuals of African genetic ancestry, PRS for breast, colon, and prostate were significantly associated with their respective cancers. The AUC of a model comprised of age, sex, and principal components was 0.617–0.709 and increased by 1-4% with the PRS in individuals of European genetic ancestry. In individuals of African genetic ancestry, AUC was overall higher in the model without PRS (0.740-0.811) but increased &lt; 1% with the PRS in the majority of cancers. Conclusion PRS constructed from SNPs moderately increased discriminatory ability for cancer status in individuals of European but not African ancestry. Further large-scale studies are needed to identify ancestry-specific genetic factors in non-White populations to incorporate PRS into cancer risk assessment.
X-ray Absorption and X-ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism Studies of a Monatomic Fe(001) Layer Facing a Single-Crystalline MgO(001) Tunnel Barrier (2004)

We studied the electronic and magnetic states of a monatomic bcc Fe(001) layer facing a single crystalline MgO(001) tunnel barrier by using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) at the Fe L2,3 core edges in order to clarify the origin of the huge tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect observed in Fe/MgO/Fe magnetic tunnel junctions. Both the XAS and XMCD revealed that the 1 ML-Fe is not oxidized, which is crucial to the huge TMR effect. A sum-rule analysis of the XMCD shows that the 1 ML-Fe(001) has an enhanced total magnetic moment of about 2.6 µB per Fe atom compared with that of bulk Fe.
All-day fresh water harvesting by microstructured hydrogel membranes (2021)

Solar steam water purification and fog collection are two independent processes that could enable abundant fresh water generation. We developed a hydrogel membrane that contains hierarchical three-dimensional microstructures with high surface area that combines both functions and serves as an all-day fresh water harvester. At night, the hydrogel membrane efficiently captures fog droplets and directionally transports them to a storage vessel. During the daytime, it acts as an interfacial solar steam generator and achieves a high evaporation rate of 3.64 kg m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> under 1 sun enabled by improved thermal/vapor flow management. With a homemade rooftop water harvesting system, this hydrogel membrane can produce fresh water with a daily yield of ~34 L m<sup>-2</sup> in an outdoor test, which demonstrates its potential for global water scarcity relief.
Theoretical Study of N749 Dyes Anchoring on the (TiO2)28 Surface in DSSCs and Their Electronic Absorption Properties (2012)

We have performed calculations on the panchromatic N749 dyes adsorbed on the (TiO2)28 surface. N749 is a prototypical form of Ru(II) complexes for dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which possesses a terpyridine tridentate ligand bearing four different protonation states (0, 1, 2, or 3 carboxylic protons). Depending on the type of proton bonding interaction (protonated and deprotonated), seven N749/(TiO2)28 surface models (N749-0H/(TiO2)28, N749-1H-P/(TiO2)28, N749-1H-DP/(TiO2)28, N749-2H-P/(TiO2)28, N749-2H-DP/(TiO2)28, N749-3H-P/(TiO2)28, and N749-3H-DP/(TiO2)28) have been applied in this study for the geometry optimization, frontier molecular orbital level diagrams, and calculated absorption spectra. The moderate surface area of the (TiO2)28 cluster is suitable for N749 dyes adsorbing behaviors so that all calculations can be performed using the Gaussian 09 program package. We have carefully examined these seven N749/(TiO2)28 assemblies that could influence the DSSC device performance. The calculated absorption spectra of these seven various N749/(TiO2)28 models are in good agreement with the experimental results by Hagfeldt et al. (J. Phys. Chem. B2002, 106, 12693–12704) with onset ranging from the visible to near-IR region. The combination of the adsorption energy onto TiO2 and calculated absorption spectra (cf. the experimental results) concludes that the deprotonated dyes constitute the most favorable and dominant structure in the DSSC devices. The frontier molecular orbital graphs indicate that the electron charge distributions of all HOMOs are located at the N749 dyes, while LUMOs are localized at the (TiO2)28 surface or delocalized at the interfacial regions of N749/(TiO2)28. The corresponding transitions are thus more like a type of optical electron transfer, injecting the electron to the interfacial TiO2.