gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of continuous composite RF pulses as components of a fat-suppressed T2-preparation module for 3 Tesla - evaluation of its fat suppression efficiency in clinical cardiac patients (2013)

Background In myocardial T2-imaging, T2-preparation (T2P) is a common mechanism of creating T2-contrast to reveal pathophysiology. Because T2-contrast is often subtle, bright fat signal can hamper image analysis. Combining T2P with fat suppression (FS) is thus advantageous, but fat saturation is frequently inefficient, and fat inversion by Spectral Attenuated Inversion Recovery (SPAIR) requires high power and constrains sequence timing. We created a T2P module with integrated fat inversion by applying the novel concept of continuous composite RF pulses to create tip-down and flip-back components. We compared this module to two existing modules. Our aim was to develop a shorter T2P compatible FS requiring less power and allowing more flexible timing than SPAIR, but with equivalent suppression efficiency.
Behavior of ECC/Concrete Layered Repair System under Drying Shrinkage Conditions (2006)

Peer Reviewed
Properties of polycarbonate/acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene/talc composites (2011)

Abstract The morphology, tensile, impact properties, and thermal expansion behavior of polycarbonate (PC)/acrylonitrile‐styrene‐butadiene (ABS)/talc composites with different compositions and mixing sequences were investigated. From the studies of morphology of the PC/ABS/talc composites, it was observed that some talc particles were located in both the PC and the ABS phases of the blend but most were at the interface between the PC and ABS phases for every mixing sequence. Aspect ratios of the talc particles determined by TEM image analysis reasonably matched values computed from tensile modulus using composite theory. The thermal expansion behavior, or CTE values, was not significantly influenced by the mixing sequence. The impact strength of the PC/ABS/talc composites depended significantly on the mixing sequence; a premix with PC gave the poorest toughness. The molecular weight of the PC in PC/talc composites was found to be significantly decreased. It appears that the impact strength of the PC/ABS/talc composites is seriously compromised by the degradation of the PC caused by talc. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Capture, Learning, and Synthesis of 3D Speaking Styles (2019)

Audio-driven 3D facial animation has been widely explored, but achieving realistic, human-like performance is still unsolved. This is due to the lack of available 3D datasets, models, and standard evaluation metrics. To address this, we introduce a unique 4D face dataset with about 29 minutes of 4D scans captured at 60 fps and synchronized audio from 12 speakers. We then train a neural network on our dataset that factors identity from facial motion. The learned model, VOCA (Voice Operated Character Animation) takes any speech signal as input—even speech in languages other than English—and realistically animates a wide range of adult faces. Conditioning on subject labels during training allows the model to learn a variety of realistic speaking styles. VOCA also provides animator controls to alter speaking style, identity-dependent facial shape, and pose (i.e. head, jaw, and eyeball rotations) during animation. To our knowledge, VOCA is the only realistic 3D facial animation model that is readily applicable to unseen subjects without retargeting. This makes VOCA suitable for tasks like in-game video, virtual reality avatars, or any scenario in which the speaker, speech, or language is not known in advance. We make the dataset and model available for research purposes at http://voca.is.tue.mpg.de.
Enhanced Drain Current in Transient Mode due to Long Ionization Time of Shallow Impurities at 4 K in 65-nm bulk Cryo CMOS Transistors (2022)

Despite the importance of cryo CMOS technologies in quantum computing systems, the transient behaviors of cryo MOS transistors have been less studied. In this work, in advanced CMOS transistors we observed sub-us transient drain current <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(I_{\mathrm{d}}^{\text{Trans}})$</tex> that was much greater than the static drain current <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(I_{\mathrm{d}}^{\text{Static}})$</tex> at 4 K (Fig. 6); the transient-to-static ratio <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$r\equiv I_{\mathrm{d}}^{\text{Trans}}/I_{\mathrm{d}}^{\text{Static}}$</tex> reached as large as 2.7 (Fig. 9), whereas <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$r$</tex> stays at one in the same device at 20 K. The observed transient characteristics are not due to the self-heating effects, but due to the long emission time of holes from acceptors at 4 K. After applying biases, more electrons flow into the channel than those in static conditions to mitigate the frozen acceptors. <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$I_{\mathrm{d}}^{\text{Trans}}$</tex> . goes down to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$I_{\mathrm{d}}^{\text{Static}}$</tex> because of gradual ionization of acceptors. We consider that the observed transient behavior needs to be considered in cryo MOSFET model to accurately design cryo LSI circuits.
Unravelling Robustness of Deep Learning based Face Recognition Against Adversarial Attacks (2018)

Deep neural network (DNN) architecture based models have high expressive power and learning capacity. However, they are essentially a black box method since it is not easy to mathematically formulate the functions that are learned within its many layers of representation. Realizing this, many researchers have started to design methods to exploit the drawbacks of deep learning based algorithms questioning their robustness and exposing their singularities. In this paper, we attempt to unravel three aspects related to the robustness of DNNs for face recognition: (i) assessing the impact of deep architectures for face recognition in terms of vulnerabilities to attacks inspired by commonly observed distortions in the real world that are well handled by shallow learning methods along with learning based adversaries; (ii) detecting the singularities by characterizing abnormal filter response behavior in the hidden layers of deep networks; and (iii) making corrections to the processing pipeline to alleviate the problem. Our experimental evaluation using multiple open-source DNN-based face recognition networks, including OpenFace and VGG-Face, and two publicly available databases (MEDS and PaSC) demonstrates that the performance of deep learning based face recognition algorithms can suffer greatly in the presence of such distortions. The proposed method is also compared with existing detection algorithms and the results show that it is able to detect the attacks with very high accuracy by suitably designing a classifier using the response of the hidden layers in the network. Finally, we present several effective countermeasures to mitigate the impact of adversarial attacks and improve the overall robustness of DNN-based face recognition.
Regular Exercise Reverses Sensory Hypersensitivity in a Rat Neuropathic Pain Model (2011)

Regular moderate aerobic exercise reversed signs of neuropathic pain and increased endogenous opioid content in brainstem regions important in pain modulation. Exercise effects were reversed by opioid receptor antagonists. These results suggest that exercise-induced reversal of neuropathic pain results from an up-regulation of endogenous opioids.
Distributed subgradient method under random communication topology - the e (2009)

In this note we study the performance metrics (rate of convergence and guaranteed region of convergence) of a multi-agent subgradient method for optimizing a sum of convex functions. We assume that the agents exchange information according to a communication topology modeled as a random graph, independent of other time instances. Under a strong convexity type of assumption, we express the performance metrics directly as functions of the estimates of the optimal decision vector. We emphasize how the probability distribution of the random graph affects the upper bounds on the performance metrics. This provide a guide for tuning the parameters of the communication protocol such that good performance of the multi-agent subgradient method is ensured. We perform the tuning of the protocol parameters for two communication scenarios. In the first scenario, we assume a randomized scheme for link activation with no-error transmissions while in the second scenario we use a pre-established order of transmissions but we consider the interference effect. Both these scenarios are applied on a small world type of topology.
Not is Not "Not" Comparisons of Negation in SQL and Negation in Logic Programming (2011)

Logic programming presents an excellent paradigm within which to develop intelligent systems. In addition to the routine sorts of reasoning we would expect such a system to perform, the state of the art in logic programming allows one to reason explicitly about false information, to reason explicitly about unknown or uncertain information (the subject of this chapter), and to reason introspectively in spite of holding multiple competing ways of viewing the world. Each of these abilities are necessary forms of reasoning, and each are lacking from current technology. Needless to say, each of these abilities are also lacking from relational databases. In this chapter, the focus is upon the expressive power of weak negation in logic programming. Weak negation is not well understood and can be easily confused with negation in SQL. In particular, some may falsely equate weak negation with the “not exists” clause of SQL. It is true that both forms of negation do have some similarity. However, the expressive power of weak negation far exceeds that of “not exists” in SQL. To a much lesser extent, we shall also consider strong negation in logic programming.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Author response: Financial costs and personal consequences of research misconduct resulting in retracted publications (2014)

In the first study attempting to formally quantify the deleterious impact of research misconduct on funding sources and publication output, we found that misconduct accounts for a small but substantial portion of American biomedical science funding dollars and damages the productivity and rate of funding acquisition of those who commit misconduct.
Widely tunable, polarization stable BCB MEMS VCSELs with SWG integration based on InP at 1.55 &#x03BC;m (2012)

Polarization stable MEMS VCSEL devices based on InP with SWG are presented. They show tuning ranges of 23nm, 1mW optical output power, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> of 3mA and a polarization suppression ratio around 20dB.
Figure S4 from Functional morphology of a lobopod: case study of an onychophoran leg (2019)

&lt;b&gt;Internal view of a moulted skin of &lt;i&gt;E. rowelli&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/b&gt; Scanning electron micrograph.
From Xetal-II to Xetal-Pro: On the Road Toward an Ultralow-Energy and High-Throughput SIMD Processor (2011)

Looking forward to the next generation of mobile streaming computing, the demanded energy efficiency of end-user terminals will become ever stringent. The Xetal-Pro processor, which is the latest member of the Xetal low-power single-instruction multiple data (SIMD) processor family from Philips, is presented in this paper. The predecessor of Xetal-Pro, known as Xetal-II, already ranks as one of the most computational-efficient [in terms of giga operations per second (GOPS)/Watt] processors available today, however, it cannot yet achieve the demanded energy efficiency (less than 1 pJ per operation). Unlike Xetal-II, Xetal-Pro supports ultrawide supply voltage ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vdd</i> ) scaling from the nominal supply to the subthreshold region. Although aggressive <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vdd</i> scaling causes severe throughput degradation, this can be partly compensated for by the massive parallelism in the Xetal family. Xetal-II includes a large on-chip frame memory (FM), which cannot be scaled well to an ultralow <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vdd</i> hence creating a big obstacle to increase energy efficiency. Therefore, we investigate both different FM realizations and memory organization alternatives. A hybrid memory system (HMS), which reduces the non-local memory traffic and enables further <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vdd</i> scaling, is proposed. For design space exploration of the right number of the scratchpad memory (SM) entries, the corresponding data locality analysis is provided, too. Moreover, some unique circuit implementation issues of Xetal-Pro such as the customized level-shifter are also discussed. Compared to Xetal-II operating at the nominal voltage, Xetal-Pro provides up to two times energy efficiency improvement even without <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vdd</i> scaling (essentially a consequence of data localization in the SM) when delivering the same amount of ultrahigh throughput. With <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vdd</i> scaling into the sub/near threshold region, Xetal-Pro could gain more than ten times energy reduction while still delivering a high throughput of 0.69 GOPS (counting multiply and add operations only). The new insight of Xetal-Pro sheds light on the direction of future ultralow-energy SIMD processors.
Effective In Vitro Clearance ofPorphyromonas gingivalisby Fcα Receptor I (CD89) on Gingival Crevicular Neutrophils (2001)

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been implicated as a causative pathogen in periodontitis. Immunotherapeutic approaches have recently been suggested to aid in the clearance of P. gingivalis from disease sites. Because antibody-Fc receptor (FcR) interactions play a role in the effector functions of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), we evaluated which FcR on PMN from gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) serves as an optimal target molecule for FcR-directed immunotherapy. GCF PMN and peripheral blood (PB) PMN from adult periodontitis patients were analyzed for their immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA FcR (Fc gamma R and Fc alpha R, respectively) expression and function by studying IgG- and IgA-mediated elimination of P. gingivalis. GCF PMN exhibited higher Fc alpha RI and Fc gamma RI levels and lower Fc gamma RIIa and Fc gamma RIIIb levels than PB PMN. Functional studies revealed that GCF PMN exhibited less of a capacity to phagocytose and kill IgG1-opsonized P. gingivalis than PB PMN. IgA1-mediated phagocytosis and killing capacity was, however, comparable between GCF PMN and PB PMN. In summary, these in vitro results document that Fc alpha RI represents a candidate target for FcR-directed immunotherapy for the clearance of P. gingivalis.
<title>Wide and fine pointing mechanism with flexible supports for optical intersatellite communications</title> (1999)

A wide and fine pointing mechanism (WFPM) composed of electromagnetic actuators and flexible supports has been developed for optical inter-satellite communications. It covers the whole of the scan area when it searches for the target satellite. The electromagnetic actuators, which consist of four moving-coil-type motors with long strokes, ensure a wide scan range. The flexible supports, which consist of a metal pivot and four thin springs, have vertical stiffness and rotational flexibility. Balancing the elasticity between the pivot and the thin springs fixes the center of rotation on the mirror surface to keep the beam path length constant. A digital control system is designed to drive the WFPM with gap sensor feedback. It has a two-degrees-of-freedom robust controller that incorporates a disturbance cancellation algorithm that cuts off low-frequency vibrations from the satellite body to achieve highly precise tracking. Experiments show that the WFPM has both a wide scanning range of over 8 degrees and a highly precise pointing capability that is accurate to within 30 microradians, for the case when only gap sensor feedback is used without quadrant detector feedback. These characteristics are suitable for high-speed switching over target satellites.
Detection of elusive polyps using a large-scale artificial intelligence system (with videos) (2021)

DEEP<sup>2</sup> has a high sensitivity for polyp detection and was effective in increasing the detection of polyps both in colonoscopy videos and in real procedures with a low number of false alarms. (Clinical trial registration number: NCT04693078.).
On the performance of bundles of CNT-dipoles in the terahertz regime (2011)

In this communication, we present further explorations of the performance of antennas made of bundles of CNT dipoles in the terahertz regime. Results are based on numerical simulations by means of thin-wire integral equations, which constitute a computationally fast and accurate method of analysis. Properly arranged, cylindrical as well as rectangular bundles are able to resonate in the terahertz regime, providing higher efficiencies compared to single-wall CNT dipoles.
Robust Fluorine‐Free Superhydrophobic PET Fabric Using Alkaline Hydrolysis and Thermal Hydrophobic Aging Process (2018)

Abstract A newly developed fluorine‐free method to render robust superhydrophobic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabric is introduced with alkaline hydrolysis followed by thermal hydrophobic aging process, i.e., nonchemical finishing. The superhydrophobic PET fabric shows a static contact angle of 170.7° ± 2.4° and a shedding angle of 8.6° ± 0.7°. Breathability and color of the fabricated PET fabric are improved and not changed. The alkaline hydrolyzed and thermal hydrophobic aged PET fabric is easily bent and has increased smoothness, fullness, and softness. Additionally, it has good durability for tape test, abrasion test, pH test, and washing test under an extra aging process that gives rise to self‐healing. Self‐cleaning property of the superhydrophobic PET fabric is excellent. Therefore, the alkaline hydrolyzed and thermally hydrophobic aged superhydrophobic fabric has a potential for commercial applications in functional or biomedical textiles, goods and related industries, with improved human/environmental friendliness and efficiency of care.
Macular oedema: the role of soluble mediators (2000)

Extracellular accumulation of fluid resulting in oedema is well tolerated in most tissues of the body, but in the retina, it results in dysfunction of retinal neurons. Collection of fluid in the macula is called macular oedema and when the fovea is involved, it results in decreased visual acuity. Macular oedema occurs in a wide variety of ocular diseases and is one of the most prevalent causes of vision loss in developed countries. It is the most common cause of vision loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy1 and in other ischaemic retinopathies such as branch and central retinal vein occlusion.2 3 Macular oedema is also a major cause of decreased vision following intraocular surgery. In the literature, the term cystoid macular oedema (CMO) is often used to describe oedema occurring after surgery,4 because collection of fluid in the macula often results in cystic changes that are visible by ophthalmoscopy. However, cystic changes can occur with any type of macular oedema, and therefore the term post-surgical macular oedema is preferred when referring to oedema occurring after any type of intraocular procedure. Macular oedema is also a frequent complication of uveitis regardless of aetiology5 and is commonly seen in patients with retinitis pigmentosa.6 Thus, macular oedema is a component of many different types of pathological conditions and is an enormous clinical problem.

Extravascular accumulation of fluid in the retina is normally prevented by the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). The BRB consists of adaptations of retinal blood vessels (inner BRB) and the retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE; outer BRB) that control access of fluid and solutes to the retina. One adaptation is the presence of tight junctions between adjacent retinal vascular endothelial (RVE) cells and between adjacent RPE cells. Other adaptations include an abatement in vesicular transport in RVE cells …
Linear Additive Markov Processes (2017)

We introduce LAMP: the Linear Additive Markov Process. Transitions in LAMP may be influenced by states visited in the distant history of the process, but unlike higher-order Markov processes, LAMP retains an efficient parameterization. LAMP also allows the specific dependence on history to be learned efficiently from data.
Polyester Nanoparticles Presenting Mannose Residues: Toward the Development of New Vaccine Delivery Systems Combining Biodegradability and Targeting Properties (2009)

We report the synthesis of fully biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles presenting mannose residues at their surface and their interaction with lectins. A simple and versatile method was used to reach the surface functionalization of poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PLA) nanoparticles by mannose moieties: It consists in using an amphiphilic mannosylated poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(E-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) diblock copolymer as a bioresorbable surface modifier in a simple nanoprecipitation-evaporation procedure. The size and zeta potential of the nanoparticles were found to depend on the molar copolymer/PLA ratio, demonstrating the influence of the copolymer on the formation of the nanoparticles. The bioavailability of the mannose residues as specific recognition sites on the nanoparticle surface could be demonstrated by a modified enzyme-linked lectin assay (ELLA) using biotin-labeled lectins which interact specifically with alpha-D-mannopyrannoside derivatives. Besides specific interaction by lectin-mannose complex formation, nonspecific adsorption of the proteins on the nanoparticle surface was observed. These results were fully supported by isothermal titration calorimetry experiments which suggested that the balance between specific and nonspecific interactions can be controlled by the amount of glycosylated polymer used for the preparation of the nanoparticles. Such nanoparticles are expected to be specifically recognized by mannose receptors, which are highly expressed in cells of the immune system. The targeting properties of these carrier systems combined with their potential adjuvant effects due to their size in the range of 200-300 nm make them attractive candidates as vaccine delivery systems.
Removal of high concentrations of nitrate from industrial wastewaters by bacteria (1997)

Klebsiella oxytoca isolate 15 was isolated from the grounds of a nitration factory and was found to be tolerant to nitrate at concentrations up to 0.5 to 1 M. Physicochemical parameters for optimal growth conditions for K. oxytoca isolate 15 were established. Growth took place when the nitrate concentration in the medium was less than 150 mM, and full nitrate consumption required about 14 g of C per g of N. This strain was able to remove nitrate without accumulating nitrite. The system was scaled up to a 40-liter pilot plant and was operated on-site satisfactorily.