gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The curious case of (caffeine)·(benzoic acid): how heteronuclear seeding allowed the formation of an elusive cocrystal (2013)

Cocrystals are modular multicomponent solids with exceptional utility in synthetic chemistry and materials science. A variety of methods exist for the preparation of cocrystals, yet, some promising cocrystal phases have proven to be intractable synthetic targets. We describe a strategy for the synthesis of the pharmaceutically relevant (caffeine)·(benzoic acid) cocrystal (1), which persistently failed to form using a broad range of established techniques. State-of-the-art crystal structure prediction methods were employed to assess the possible existence of a thermodynamically stable form of 1, hence to identify appropriate heteronuclear seeds for cocrystallization. Once introduced, the designed heteronuclear seeds facilitated the formation of 1 and, significantly they (or seeds of the product cocrystal) continued to act as long-lasting laboratory “contaminants”, which encouraged cocrystal formation even when present at such low levels as to evade detection. The seeding technique described thus enables the synthesis of cocrystals regarded as unobtainable under desired conditions, and potentially signifies a new direction in the field of materials research.
Structure-Property Correlations in Al-Li Alloy Integrally Stiffened Extrusions (2001)

The objective of this investigation was to establish the relationship between mechanical property anisotropy, microstructure and crystallographic texture in integrally ''T''-stiffened extruded panels fabricated from the Al-Li alloys 2195, 2098 and 2096. In-plane properties were measured as a function of orientation at two locations in the panels, namely mid-way between (Skin), and directly beneath (Base), the integral ''T'' stiffeners. The 2195 extrusion exhibited the best combination of strength and toughness, but was the most anisotropic. The 2098 extrusion exhibited lower strength and comparable toughness, but was more isotropic than 2195. The 2096 extrusion exhibited the lowest strength and poor toughness, but was the most isotropic. All three alloys exhibited highly elongated grain structures and similar location-dependent variations in grain morphology. The textural characteristics comprised a beta + fiber texture, similar to rolled product, in the Skin regions and a + fiber texture, comparable to axisymmetric extruded product, in the Base regions. In an attempt to quantitatively correlate texture with yield strength anisotropy, the original ''full constraint'' Taylor model and a variant of the ''relaxed constraint'' model, explored by Wert et al., were applied to the data. A comparison of the results revealed that the Wert model was consistently more accurate than the Taylor model.
MOS-type ring resonators and lasers on the hybrid IU-V-on-Si platform (2016)

We have developed a hybrid metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitor structure for optical application. Extremely high tuning efficiency in MOS-type ring resonators and lasers were achieved by introducing plasma dispersion effect. The wavelength tuning power efficiency in lasers is increased by 7 orders compared with thermal tuning.
Bystander Central Memory but Not Effector Memory CD8+ T Cells Suppress Allograft Rejection (2008)

Abstract Memory T cells respond faster and more vigorously than their naive counterparts and are critical for adaptive immunity. However, it is unknown whether and how memory T cells react in the face of irrelevant Ags. It is generally accepted that bystander memory T cells are neutral in immune responsiveness. In this study, we present the first evidence that bystander central memory (TCM), but not effector memory (TEM), CD8+ T cells suppress allograft rejection as well as T cell proliferation in the draining lymph nodes (DLN) of recipient mice. Both bystander TCM and naive T cells, but fewer TEM cells, migrated to DLN, whereas TCM cells exhibited faster turnover than their naive counterparts, suggesting that bystander TCM cells have an advantage over their naive counterparts in suppression. However, bystander TEM cells migrated to inflammatory graft sites, but not DLN, and yet failed to exert their suppression. These findings indicate that bystander memory T cells need to migrate to lymph nodes to exert their suppression by inhibiting responder T cell activation or homeostatic proliferation. Moreover, the suppression mediated by bystander TCM cells was largely dependent on IL-15, as IL-15 was required for their homeostatic proliferation and TCM-mediated suppression of allograft rejection. This suppression also required the presence of TGFβ1, as TCM cells expressed TGFβ1 while neutralizing TGFβ1 abolished their suppression. Thus, bystander TCM, but not TEM, CD8+ T cells are potent suppressors rather than bystanders. This new finding will have an impact on cellular immunology and may have clinic implications for tolerance induction.
3-D printed injection system for capillary electrophoresis (2022)

Commercial systems for capillary electrophoresis are designed for the unattended analysis of several samples, and are usually large, complex, and expensive. We report a compact system for manual injection of a single sample in capillary electrophoresis, which is ideal for method development and for student training. The injector consists of two parts that are manufactured by three-dimensional printing (STL and STEP files are included as ESI). One part is immobile and holds an electrode for powering electrophoresis and a gas line for pressurized injection and pumping fluids through the capillary. The second part is removable and is used to hold washing solutions, separation electrolyte, or sample. Conventional machining is used to tap holes to hold the electrode, separation capillary, gas line, and safety interlock. The system is used for either pressure or electrokinetic sample injection, and can be used to pump fluids through the capillary for changing background electrolytes and reconditioning the capillary between runs. We coupled the injection system to our high-dynamic range laser-induced fluorescence detector and evaluated the system by performing capillary zone electrophoresis on solutions of fluorescein. Electrokinetic injection produced a linear response across five orders of magnitude dynamic range (slope of the log-log calibration curve was 1.02), concentration detection limits of 5 pM, and mass detection limits of 1 zmol. Pressure injection produced a linear response across at least four orders of magnitude (slope of the log-log calibration curve was 0.92), concentration detection limits of 2 pM, and mass detection limits of 10 zmol.
Computational Auditory Scene Analysis (2005)

An overview of the work of the Laboratory for Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, on signal separation.
Actively modulated surface phonon polariton resonances within the long‑wave and far-infrared (Conference Presentation) (2019)

The high optical losses of metal-based plasmonic materials have driven an extensive search for alternative lower-loss materials that can support plasmonic-like effects, such as sub-diffraction confinement of optical fields. One such alternative employs phonon-mediated collective-charge oscillations (surface phonon polaritons, SPhPs) that can be optically excited in nanostructured polar dielectric materials. Similar to plasmonics, tailoring the geometry of polar-dielectric resonators results in resonances that can be spectrally tuned throughout the spectral range between the LO and TO phonons. However, generally, the spectral position and amplitude of these resonances remain fixed after sample fabrication. In this presentation, we discuss recent advancements made by our group in achieving actively tunable localized SPhP resonances in the long-wave- and far-infrared spectral regimes. In particular, we focus on three experiments that demonstrate active modulation of resonances. The first and second experiments focus on tuning the spectral position of localized SPhP resonances in cylindrical nanopillars that are etched into indium phosphide and silicon carbide substrates. In both of these cases we are able to induce resonance shifts as large as 15 cm-1 by optically injecting free-carriers into the pillars. The optical injection introduces a reversible, free-carrier perturbation to the dielectric permittivity that results in a spectral shift of the resonances. While the effects investigated for both the InP and SiC systems are similar, each material allows us to explore a different aspect of the phenomena. For InP we investigate the effects in the far-infrared (303-344 cm-1) with steady-state carrier photoinjection, while for SiC we investigate the dynamics of frequency modulated resonances in the long-wave infrared (797-972 cm-1) via transient reflection spectroscopy. Lastly, in the third experiment we demonstrate the ability to modulate the amplitude of resonances by coating SiC nanopillars with vanadium dioxide, a well-known phase change material that undergoes a metal-to-insulator transition near a temperature of 70 C. As such, we show that by exploiting this phase change we are able to modulate the reflectance and thermal emission of nanopillar arrays. The results described in this work may open the door to tunable, narrow-band thermal sources that operate in the long-wave to far-infrared spectral regimes.
A VLSI Architecture for Lifting-Based Forward and (2002)

In this paper, we propose an architecture that per- forms the forward and inverse discrete wavelet transform (DWT) using a lifting-based scheme for the set of seven filters proposed in JPEG2000. The architecture consists of two row processors, two column processors, and two memory modules. Each processor con- tains two adders, one multiplier, and one shifter. The precision of the multipliers and adders has been determined using extensive simulation. Each memory module consists of four banks in order to support the high computational bandwidth. The architecture has been designed to generate an output every cycle for the JPEG2000 default filters. The schedules have been generated by hand and the corresponding timings listed. Finally, the architecture has been implemented in behavioral VHDL. The estimated area of the pro- posed architecture in 0.18- technology is 2.8 mm square, and the estimated frequency of operation is 200 Mhz. Index Terms—JPEG 2000, lifting, VLSI architectures, wavelet transform.
The effects of an aviation‐style computerised pre‐induction anaesthesia checklist on pre‐anaesthetic set‐up and non‐routine events (2019)

This prospective, observational study compared the proportion of cases with missing critical pre-induction items before and after the implementation of an aviation-style computerised pre-induction anaesthesia checklist. Trained observers recorded the availability of critical pre-induction items and evaluated the characteristics of the pre-induction anaesthesia checklist performance including provider participation and distraction level, resistance to the use of the checklist and the time required for completion. Surgical cases that met the criteria for inclusion in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program at a single academic hospital were selected for observation. A total of 853 cases were observed before and 717 after implementation of the checklist. The proportion of cases with failure to perform all pre-induction steps decreased from 10.0% to 6.4% (p = 0.012). There was also a significant decrease in the proportion of cases with non-routine events from 1.2% cases before to none after checklist implementation (p = 0.003). In 17 cases, the checklist alerted the anaesthesia provider to correct a mistake in pre-induction preparation.
Detection of morphological markers of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque using multimodal spectroscopy (2006)

Vulnerable plaques, which are responsible for most acute ischemic events, are presently invisible to x-ray angiography. Their primary morphological features include a thin or ulcerated fibrous cap, a large necrotic core, superficial foam cells, and intraplaque hemorrhage. We present evidence that multimodal spectroscopy (MMS), a novel method that combines diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy (IFS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS), can detect these markers of plaque vulnerability. To test this concept, we perform an MMS feasibility study on 17 human carotid artery specimens. Following the acquisition of spectra, each specimen is histologically evaluated. Two parameters from DRS, hemoglobin concentration and a scattering parameter, are used to detect intraplaque hemorrhage and foam cells; an IFS parameter that relates to the amount of collagen in the topmost layers of the tissue is used to detect the presence of a thin fibrous cap; and an RS parameter related to the amount of cholesterol and necrotic material is used to detect necrotic core. Taken together, these spectral parameters can generally identify the vulnerable plaques. The results indicate that MMS provides depth-sensitive and complementary morphological information about plaque composition. A prospective in vivo study will be conducted to validate these findings.
P185BCR-ABL in two patients with late appearing Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. (1989)

Two patients with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who had normal karyotypes at diagnosis and developed the Philadelphia (Ph) translocation during leukemia relapse are described in this report. Patient 1 relapsed with Ph-positive acute leukemia, FAB classification M1. The Ig heavy chain locus and T cell receptor gamma and beta genes of relapse cells from this patient were all found to be germline configuration confirming the diagnosis of M1 acute leukemia. Patient 2 displayed a complex karyotypic evolution leading to Ph-positive M4 relapse. Ph-positive relapse specimens from both patients expressed P185BCR-ABL protein and RNA gene products that were identified serologically and by polymerase chain amplification of the BCR-ABL RNA junction. In vitro derived myeloid cell lines from relapse M1 leukemia cells of patient 1 also expressed the P185BCR-ABL protein. In two described patients, late appearance of the Ph translocation that encodes P185BCR-ABL coincided with relapse of acute leukemia. We conclude that P185BCR-ABL may be a strong indicator of Ph-positive acute leukemias.
Pulmonary vein isolation using a circular, open irrigated mapping and ablation catheter (nMARQ): a report on feasibility and efficacy (2014)

Irrigated multi-electrode RF ablation is fast and effective, providing a high rate of isolated PVs without the need of touch-up lesions. Success rates were comparable with other techniques with a low complication rate. Recurrences of AF were mainly due to recovered pulmonary vein/left atrium conduction.
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from Characterization of an Oxaliplatin Sensitivity Predictor in a Preclinical Murine Model of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

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Teil IV. Freiheitsrechte (2015)

Das Buch beschäftigt sich mit verfassungs- und europarechtlichen Aspekten eines allgemeinen Mindestlohns. Der Ansatz ist interdisziplinär und bezieht auch andere sozialwissenschaftliche, insbesondere ökonomische Erwägungen ein. Neben den Freiheitsrechten des Europarechts und des Grundgesetzes wird der Mindestlohn auch in gleichheitsrechtlicher Perspektive betrachtet. Als „internalisierendes Sozialrecht“ dient er der Existenzsicherung der Arbeitnehmer. Aber belastet werden für dieses gesamtgesellschaftliche Ziel nur die Arbeitgeber. Weil die denkbaren Rechtfertigungen für diese Ungleichbehandlung im Ergebnis nicht überzeugen, ist der Mindestlohn verfassungswidrig. Der Gesetzgeber wäre auf Transferzahlungen zur Aufstockung nicht bedarfssichernder Arbeitsentgelte verwiesen. Den Abschluss bildet ein Blick auf alternative Modelle, insbesondere Kombilöhne nach Muster des US-amerikanischen Earned Income Tax Credit.
Nondestructive photon detection using a single rare-earth ion coupled to a photonic cavity (2016)

We study the possibility of using single rare-earth ions coupled to a photonic cavity with high cooperativity for performing nondestructive measurements of photons, which would be useful for global quantum networks and photonic quantum computing. We calculate the achievable fidelity as a function of the parameters of the rare-earth ion and photonic cavity, which include the ion's optical and spin dephasing rates, the cavity linewidth, the single-photon coupling to the cavity, and the detection efficiency. We suggest a promising experimental realization using current state-of-the-art technology in Nd:${\mathrm{YVO}}_{4}$.
Mechanical Blood-Immersed Bearings in Continuous-Flow Rotary Blood Pumps (2019)

Mechanical blood-immersed bearings have been used in many continuous-flow rotary blood pumps to reduce friction between relatively moving parts, but their use has been associated with a significant incidence of pump thrombosis. As newer cardiac assist devices with more advanced bearings become available, the rate of pump thrombosis will likely decrease. Nevertheless, it is important to understand the design limitations of mechanical bearings as pumps utilizing them are still in use as chronic support devices and especially in the acute setting for temporary support devices. A properly designed journal bearing should support the spinning rotor with no surface-to-surface contact between the bearing and journal surfaces. The journal continuously undergoes orbital motion within the bearing, which can be "stable" or "unstable." Unstable orbital motion causes the journal to move progressively off-center until it collides with the bearing, and even minor variations in manufacturing can create off-design operation and dynamic instability of the journal. Since blood is the lubricant in most clinically-used rotary blood pumps, lubricant viscosity can vary abruptly in response to changes in hematocrit or plasma protein concentration. Additionally, shear stress from the high-speed rotor can cause hemolysis and plasma protein denaturation. We reviewed theoretical design and operating principles of mechanical bearings and discuss why the phenomenon of mechanical bearing thrombosis may be an inherent design issue dependent on variables that are beyond the control of clinicians.
Fusing online and offline information for stable 3D tracking in real-time (2003)

We propose an efficient online real-time solution for single-camera 3D tracking of rigid objects that can handle large camera displacements, drastic aspect changes, and partial occlusions. While the offline camera registration problem can be considered as essentially solved, robust online tracking remains an open issue because many real-time algorithms described in the literature still lack robustness and are prone to drift and jitter. To solve these problems, we have developed a robust approach to 3D feature matching that can handle wide-baseline matching: our method merges the information from preceding frames in traditional recursive tracking fashion with that provided by a very limited number of keyframes created during an offline stage. This combination results in a system that does not suffer from the above difficulties and can deal with drastic aspect changes. We use augmented reality applications to demonstrate its behavior because they are particularly demanding in terms of tracking performance.
Evaluation of ebselen in resolving a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection of pressure ulcers in obese and diabetic mice (2021)

Pressure ulcers (PUs) are a source of morbidity in individuals with restricted mobility including individuals that are obese or diabetic. Infection of PUs with pathogens, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), impairs ulcers from healing. The present study evaluated ebselen as a topical antibacterial to treat MRSA-infected PUs. Against two different S. aureus strains, including MRSA USA300, resistance to ebselen did not emerge after 14 consecutive passages. Resistance to mupirocin emerged after only five passages. Additionally, ebselen was found to exert a modest postantibiotic effect of five hours against two MRSA strains. Ebselen was subsequently evaluated in MRSA-infected PUs in two models using obese and diabetic mice. In obese mice, topical ebselen (89.2% reduction) and oral linezolid (84.5% reduction) similarly reduced the burden of MRSA in infected PUs. However, in diabetic mice, topical ebselen (45.8% reduction in MRSA burden) was less effective. Histopathological evaluation of ulcers in diabetic mice determined that ebselen treatment resulted in fewer bacterial colonies deep within the dermis and that the treatment exhibited evidence of epithelial regeneration. Topical mupirocin was superior to ebselen in reducing MRSA burden in infected PUs both in obese (98.7% reduction) and diabetic (99.3% reduction) mice. Ebselen's antibacterial activity was negatively impacted as the bacterial inoculum was increased from 105 CFU/mL to 107 CFU/mL. These results suggest that a higher dose of ebselen, or a longer course of treatment, may be needed to achieve a similar effect as mupirocin in topically treating MRSA-infected pressure ulcers.
Simultaneous Arterial and Venous Imaging Using 3D Quantitative Parameter Mapping (2022)

The results indicate that the arterial images and venous images have high signal intensity at the same region as determined from the reference TOF and QSM methods, demonstrating the possibility of acquiring vasculature images with quantitative parameter mapping through calculation in an integrated manner.
Symmetry-Breaking Dendrimer Synthons in Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA (2023)

Breaking symmetry in colloidal crystals is challenging due to the inherent chemical and structural isotropy of many nanoscale building blocks. If a non-particle component could be used to anisotropically encode such building blocks with orthogonal recognition properties, one could expand the scope of structural and compositional possibilities of colloidal crystals beyond what is thus far possible with purely particle-based systems. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of novel DNA dendrimers that function as symmetry-breaking synthons, capable of programming anisotropic and orthogonal interactions within colloidal crystals. When the DNA dendrimers have identical sticky ends, they hybridize with DNA-functionalized nanoparticles to yield three distinct colloidal crystals, dictated by dendrimer size, including a structure not previously reported in the field of colloidal crystal engineering, Si<sub>2</sub>Sr. When used as symmetry-breaking synthons (when the sticky ends deliberately consist of orthogonal sequences), the synthesis of binary and ternary colloidal alloys with structures that can only be realized through directional interactions is possible. Furthermore, by modulating the extent of shape anisotropy within the DNA dendrimers, the local distribution of the nanoparticles within the crystals can be directed.
Production of Paradoxical Sensory Hypersensitivity by α2-Adrenoreceptor Agonists (2004)

alpha 2-Adrenoreceptor agonists produce sensory hypersensitivity that may be analogous to that produced by opioids. Sensory hypersensitivity was prevented by idazoxan, demonstrating that it is mediated by alpha 2 receptors. Clonidine infusion increased spinal dynorphin content. Sensory hypersensitivity was prevented or reversed by MK-801 and dynorphin antiserum, implicating N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and spinal dynorphin in its production. Clinicians should be mindful of the possibility of drug-induced hyperalgesia in patients treated with alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists.