gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-throughput label-free image cytometry and image-based classification of live Euglena gracilis (2016)

We demonstrate high-throughput label-free single-cell image cytometry and image-based classification of Euglena gracilis (a microalgal species) under different culture conditions. We perform it with our high-throughput optofluidic image cytometer composed of a time-stretch microscope with 780-nm resolution and 75-Hz line rate, and an inertial-focusing microfluidic device. By analyzing a large number of single-cell images from the image cytometer, we identify differences in morphological and intracellular phenotypes between E. gracilis cell groups and statistically classify them under various culture conditions including nitrogen deficiency for lipid induction. Our method holds promise for real-time evaluation of culture techniques for E. gracilis and possibly other microalgae in a non-invasive manner.
Investigating the determinants of e-book adoption (2017)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the key factors that affect users’ adoption of e-books using an extension of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) that includes the following factors: environmental concerns, perceived benefits, and benevolence trust. Design/methodology/approach The authors analyzed survey responses from 343 participants using structural equation modeling to examine the hypothesized relationships in this research model. Findings The results show that users’ adoption of e-books is determined by performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, environmental concern, perceived benefit, and benevolence trust. Research limitations/implications The authors restricted this study to consumers’ adoption of e-books. Further studies could examine consumer’s adoption of other mediums, such as cutting-edge information technologies. Practical implications The results suggest that marketers should consider altering their methods of promoting e-books to attract consumers and further affect their usage intention. Originality/value This study proposes and tests an extended UTAUT model that includes the additional factors of environmental concern, perceived benefit, and benevolence trust in order to examine the influence of these factors on e-book adoption. The findings are particularly useful for assisting managers to increase e-book adoption.
Access Networks Based on Tunable Lasers (2014)

State-of-the-art, prospects, and challenges of next-generation optical access technology based on tunable lasers are discussed. These considerations can also be applied to various backhaul and mobile fronthaul applications since these have similar characteristics and requirements, and have to share at least part of the optical distribution networks. Potential advantages of tunable lasers over competing approaches (e.g., seeded reflective transmitters) include higher bit-rate × reach products and better tolerance to reflections in the fiber plant. Today, the main issue is still the lack of available low-cost tunables with sufficient tuning range and launch power. However, significant progress has been made in the last few years to bring such lasers closer to commercialization. In this paper, we will review low-cost tunable laser approaches and report on latest technical results. We will also give an overview on current standardization activities and give an outlook on next-generation optical access, backhaul and fronthaul networks which also support active-site consolidation.
Understanding the applicability of CMP performance optimizations on data mining applications (2009)

A major challenge to the creation of chip multiprocessors is designing the on-chip memory and communication resources to efficiently support parallel workloads. A variety of cache organizations, data management techniques, and hardware optimizations that take advantage of specific data characteristics have been developed to improve application performance. The success of these approaches depends on applications exhibiting the presumed data characteristics. Data mining applications are a growing class of applications that discover patterns in large sets of collected data. Because these applications tend to be highly parallelizable, they represent an important workload for chip multiprocessors. However, the memory intensive nature of these applications means that they will stress these chips' memory and communication resources. In this paper, we examine the data usage characteristics of a set of parallel data mining applications to determine the applicability of existing chip multiprocessor approaches to these applications. We show diversity of characteristics across and within these applications, making some techniques more applicable than others. We also discuss software approaches that could be used to either provide information to the hardware or assist the hardware in dynamically discovering data characteristics needed for the deployment of these techniques.
759. In Search of an Effective Target: In Vivo Approach Using HIV-1 Specific siRNA and Ribozyme Libraries (2006)

Short interfering RNA (siRNA) and ribozymes have been shown to silence HIV-1 gene expression by site-specific cleavage of viral mRNA. A major factor determining whether ribozymes or siRNAs will be effective for post-transcriptional gene silencing is the choice of an appropriate target site on the mRNA. Conventional approaches for target site selection often do not work due to structural motifs in the mRNA that preclude accessibility of these RNA-based antivirals. An effective screening strategy for potential targets on the viral genome is use of HIV specific siRNA or ribozyme libraries in cell culture coupled with HIV challenge assays and selective survival. For siRNA site selection, an HIV specific siRNA library spanning all possible HIV-specific siRNA sequences of 21-mer length were created and inserted between convergent human U6 and H1 promoters, cloned in a lentiviral vector and transduced into HIV susceptible CEM cells. On Day 15 post infection, extensive cell death was observed followed by a repopulation of infected cells that were presumably protected from HIV on day 30. Viable cells were then analyzed for the siRNA sequence they harbored. These results will be presented. HIV RNA is known to traffic through the nucleolus. An HIV-specific ribozyme library was created by inserting Ribozymes with fully randomized arms into the body of the U16 small nucleolar RNA and expressed from the U6 promoter to co-localize the ribozyme molecules with its target. The library was then co-transfected with pNL-TK that renders the infected cells susceptible to gancyclovir. Ribozyme RNA was amplified by RT-PCR from surviving cells and recloned into pTZ-U6+1 for the next round of selection. After three rounds of selection, the ribozyme molecules were sequenced and it was determined that two sequences were repeatedly enriched from different clones. Sequence C36 and C10 were then tested against HIV-1 in individual antiviral assays. Sequence C36 showed a 60% inhibition of HIV-1 p24 levels in culture supernatant of infected cells. Alignment of the putative target sequence on the HIV-1 genome showed that C36 could actually target two sites on the viral genome. One of which is close to a conserved site in the U5 region of HIV-1 LTR and another region is in the Pol gene. C10 gave approximately a 45% inhibition over three individual experiments. These data will be presented. The potential impact of these studies on HIV-1 gene therapy will be discussed.
Rapid design and manufacture of wearable computers (1996)

article Free AccessRapid design and manufacture of wearable computers Authors: S. Finger Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie Mellon Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Carnegie MellonView Profile , M. Terk Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie Mellon Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie MellonView Profile , E. Subrahamanian Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie Mellon Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie MellonView Profile , C. Kasabach Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie Mellon Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie MellonView Profile , F. Prinz Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science and Engineering, Stanford UniversityView Profile , D. P. Siewiorek Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Director of the Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie Mellon Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Director of the Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie MellonView Profile , A. Smailagic Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie Mellon Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie MellonView Profile , J. Stivoric Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie Mellon Engineering Design Research Center, Carnegie MellonView Profile , L. Weiss Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon Robotics Institute, Carnegie MellonView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 39Issue 201 February 1996pp 63–70https://doi.org/10.1145/230798.230806Published:01 February 1996Publication History 21citation998DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads998Last 12 Months51Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
3TA5-01 THERMODYNAMIC AND STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF A 13-DEGREE STABILIZATION IN BPTI VARIANTS(The 47th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2009)

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Design and characterization of fully Embedded Passive components on multilayer organic-based substrate for highly compact SOP applications (2009)

Embedded Passive device (EPD) technology is increasingly drawing attention because of its potentials in addressing system cost reduction by offering smaller size form factor with high level of integration in RF packaging. In a typical RF system block, many passive elements, capacitors in particular, are required for filtering and impedance matching therefore wide efforts has been given to integrate such passives in the package substrate not only because of their important functions in affecting the performance of RF circuits and subsystems but also they occupy significant area of a package substrate in their discrete forms. In this paper, various sets of embedded capacitor structures were designed and fabricated based on organic substrate packaging technology using a novel process. These capacitors are parallel plated structures embedded in a substrate with composite-type epoxy material having high Dk, low Df properties at microwave frequencies. In order to further validate their applicability in RF SOP applications, such capacitors where implemented in the design of a fully embedded BPF as test vehicle which is intended for Wimax FEM application. Physical design details along with characterization methods and measurement results are discussed. These embedded capacitors and BPF were designed and tuned using 3D EM simulation tools and compared against measurements from a well calibrated 2-port VNA. From the achieved data and results, it can be established that various fully embedded capacitance values with narrow tolerances are achieved thru this novel process in organic substrate fabrication. Designed BPFs have also been realized in a small form factor that exhibited an insertion loss of about -2 dB at the target in-band frequencies and between 15-30 dB attenuation at the out-band frequency ranges. These BPFs can be utilized as a commercial diplexer for Wimax dual-band applications.
High-resistivity anomalies at Modgunn arch in the Norwegian Sea (2006)

Typical seismic data provide information about subsurface stratigraphy and structure. Formation characteristics, such as lithology and fluid content, can also be predicted from seismic data. Well-log data can verify seismically extracted formation characteristics. However, well drilling is relatively expensive and the success rate of commercially viable exploration wells, depending on the seismic data, is only about 10–30% (Johansen et al., 2005). Additional remote sensing methods for the detection of subsurface formation properties (e.g. resistivity) can be used to minimize the uncertainties associated with drilling. The recently developed SeaBed Logging (SLB) method shows a very promising potential for the detection of deeply buried highresistivity layers (Eidesmo et al., 2002). Resistivity contrasts in the subsurface strata make SBL a potential tool for the detection of high-resistivity hydrocarbon reservoirs or other high-resistivity lithologies, such as salt domes, volcanic rocks or igneous sills. The first fullscale SBL calibration survey was conducted offshore Angola in 2000 (Ellingsrud et al., 2002), opening a new frontier in hydrocarbon exploration. Subsequently, several surveys were performed over known hydrocarbon fields offshore Norway. SBL calibration surveys from Ormen Lange and Troll Western gas province have been presented by Røsten et al. (2003) and Johansen et al. (2005), respectively. In this article, we present SBL data acquired across the Modgunn arch, which is located in the Norwegian Sea. The SBL data interpretation aims at finding the resistivity distribution within the seismically interpreted subsurface strata. The Modgunn arch is characterized by strong seismic anomalies, which may partially correspond to high-resistivity anomalies. The SBL data of this area, in parts, show strata with high resistivity. SBL data analysis can predict the presence of the high-resistivity layers and rocks, but due to low resolution, it is difficult to determine the exact geometry of the resistivity structure from the SBL data alone. To establish the quantitative relationship between the seismic anomalies and the resistivity distribution within the strata, SBL and seismic data interpretation play complementary roles. The integrated approach of seismic and SBL data interpretation provides a realistic subsurface resistivity distribution with fewer uncertainties. An interpretation study, based on electric field magnitudes taken from the same data set, has been presented by Bhuiyan et al. (2005).
Suppression of silicidation and crystallization by atmosphere controlled annealing for poly-crystalline silicon/HfO2∕SiO2∕Si gate stack structures (2007)

The suppression of silicidation and crystallization of gate dielectrics for polycrystalline-Si∕HfO2∕SiO2∕Si gate sack structures by controlling annealing ambient has been investigated using photoemission and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. It is found that both silicidation and crystallization are suppressed by a mixture gas (nitrogen and oxygen) annealing. Meanwhile, by nitrogen annealing at the same partial pressure, both silicidation and crystallization occur. In the case of oxygen annealing, silicidation does not occur while only crystallization occurs. From these results, it is concluded that nitrogen and oxygen gases play a role of preventing silicidation and crystallization, respectively.
p53 transformation-related protein: Detection by monoclonal antibody in mouse and human cells (1981)

A transformation-related protein of M(r) 53,000, designated p53, has been detected in a range of neoplastic cell types of the mouse by using immunoprecipitation of [(35)S]-methionine-labeled cell extracts with mouse antiserum [DeLeo, A. B., Jay, G., Appella, E., DuBois, G. C., Law, L. W. & Old, L. J. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 2420-2424]. We have now prepared a monoclonal antibody to p53 and have used it to study the occurrence and intracellular location of p53 by indirect immunofluorescence assays. In accordance with the results of immunoprecipitation, these tests showed p53 in all 13 transformed mouse cell lines studied. In each case, p53 was found in the nucleus. No p53 was detected in normal mouse fibroblasts, 3T3 cells, bone marrow cells, thymus cells, or embryo cells. A serologically related protein was detected in the nucleus of human cells by monoclonal antibody and was found in both normal and neoplastic cultured cells. Expression of p53 in human cells correlates with the growth characteristics of the culture, high p53 levels being associated with rapid cell proliferation and low p53 levels, with cessation of cell division. Normal and malignant human cells differ, however, with regard to the effect of confluency on p53 expression. Normal kidney epithelium and fetal brain cells, which express high p53 levels during exponential growth, show a prompt decrease in p53 associated with contact inhibition of cell division. Malignant cells, on the other hand, continue to express p53 after confluency and subsequent overgrowth of the monolayers. These results suggest that p53 may be involved in the normal regulation of cell division and that malignant transformation leads to abnormalities in the control of p53 expression.
The enthalpies of vaporisation of ionic liquids: new measurements and predictions (2012)

The enthalpies of vaporisation, Δ(vap)H(298), of seven ionic liquids (ILs) (four imidazoliums, a pyridinium, a phosphonium and an isouronium) have been determined by temperature programmed desorption using line of sight mass spectrometry. They were: 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(pentafluoroethyl)phosphinate, [C(2)C(1)Im][PO(2)(C(2)F(5))(2)]; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulfate, [C(4)C(1)Im][C(8)OSO(3)]; 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, [C(4)C(1)Im][BF(4)]; 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate, [C(6)C(1)Im][FAP]; 1-butylpyridinium methylsulfate, [C(4)Py][C(1)OSO(3)]; trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tetrafluoroborate, [P(6,6,6,14)][BF(4)] and O-ethyl-N,N,N',N'-tetramethylisouronium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [C(2)(C(1))(4)iU][TfO]. The values were found to be consistent with a previously proposed, predictive, model in which Δ(vap)H(298) is decomposed into a Coulombic component (computable from the IL density) and van der Waals components from the anion and cation. Two previously predicted values of Δ(vap)H(298) were found to be within 6 kJ mol(-1) of the measured experimental values. Values for the van der Waals components are tabulated for eleven cations and twelve anions. Predictions are made for Δ(vap)H(298) for 13 ILs with as yet unmeasured Δ(vap)H(298) values (using experimental molar volumes), and for a further 44 ILs using estimated molar volumes.
Conceptualizing Stable States in Origami-Based Devices Using an Energy Visualization Approach (2019)

Abstract In many origami-based applications a device needs to be maintained in one or more fold states. The origami stability integration method (OSIM) presented in this paper provides an approach for graphically combining various techniques to achieve stability. Techniques are divided into four groups based on whether they are intrinsic or extrinsic to the origami pattern and whether they exhibit differentiable or non-differentiable energy storage behaviors. These categorizations can help designers select appropriate techniques for their application. The paper also contains design considerations and resources for several intrinsic techniques. Finally, two case studies are presented which use the OSIM and the technique guidelines to conceptualize stability in origami-based devices.
Switching Activity in Stochastic Decoders (2010)

Stochastic iterative decoders are a recently introduced hardware-oriented class of message-passing algorithms for ultra-low complexity error-correcting decoders. We show that dynamic power consumption in stochastic decoders is exposed at the algorithmic level and can be evaluated from the values of messages passed on the code's factor graph. This observation leads to a method for evaluating the relative dynamic power consumption of stochastic decoders as early as the code design stage. We propose a method based on density evolution that can be used to compare code ensembles in terms of their decoding energy per information bit. We note that despite using a stochastic signaling scheme, stochastic decoders converge to a codeword and stop consuming dynamic power. Results illustrate that significant differences in power consumption can be identified at the code design stage and tradeoffs can be exploited before designing a specific implementation.
MIMO-TDD reciprocity under hardware imbalances: Experimental results (2015)

For time division duplexing (TDD) systems, the physical channel in the air is reciprocal for uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) within the channel coherence time. However when the transceivers' radio frequency (RF) hardware is taken into consideration, TDD channel reciprocity no longer holds because of the non-symmetric characteristics of RF transmit and receive chains. Relative calibration has been proposed to compensate this hardware impairment with a multiplicative matrix. In this paper we perform hardware measurements on this calibration matrix which gives a direct insight on the physical phenomenon of TDD transceivers. Especially, we inspect the assumption that this calibration matrix is diagonal, which is widely adopted in literature but has never been verified by experiments. This work can be regarded as an experimental base for TDD calibration or for theoretical analysis of non-perfect channel reciprocity of TDD systems.
Hydrophobicity, solubility, and emulsifying properties of soy protein peptides prepared by papain modification and ultrafiltration (1998)

Abstract Peptide size control is important for obtaining desirable functional properties so that these peptides can be better utilized. Proteolytic enzymatic modification of soy protein isolates (SPI), followed by ultrafiltration, is an effective way to fractionate these proteins into peptides with controlled molecular size. SPI was predenatured by mild alkali at pH 10 and heated at 50°C for 1 h prior to partial hydrolysis by papain at pH 7.0 and 38°C for 10, 30, and 60 min (PMSPI10, PMSPI30, and PMSPI60). The hydrolysate PMSPI60 was further fractionated by ultrafiltration with a stirred cell and disc membranes (100‐, 50‐, and 20‐kDa molecular weight cut‐off) into one retentate (R100) and three permeates (P100, P50, and P20). Molecular weight distribution, surface hydrophobicity ( S 0 ), protein solubility (PS), emulsifying activity index (EAI), and emulsion stability index (ESI) of the control SPI (without added papain), hydrolysates, and ultrafiltrates were investigated. Significant increases ( P &lt;0.001) in S 0 , PS, EAI, and ESI were observed in the hydrolysates. Peptides in the permeates had higher PS and EAI but lower S 0 than the peptides in the retentate and hydrolysate. Soy protein peptides that were prepared from SPI by papain modification and ultrafiltration had lower molecular weight, higher solubility, and higher emulsifying properties. They could find use in products that require these properties, especially in the cosmetic and health food industries.
Multiple current dipole estimation using simulated annealing (1994)

A method for estimating electrical current distribution in the human brain using a multiple current dipole model is presented. A cost function for estimating multiple dipoles is proposed and a simulated annealing algorithm is used to obtain an acceptable solution. Computer simulation is used to evaluate the effectiveness of this method.