gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polarization filtering induced by imaging systems: Effect on image structure (2003)

In this paper are reported the results concerning the experimental study of the interaction between the vectorial amplitude of an optical field and imaging systems. It is shown that far-field as well as near-field imaging systems beside their spatial frequency filtering ability, also act as polarization filters playing a determinant role on the image structure. This conclusion is drawn from an experimental and theoretical study involving a radially polarized Bessel beam used as a test object.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of C‐4′‐Modified (2‐Oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)pyrimidine Nucleosides (2006)

Abstract We report on the synthesis of hitherto unknown pyrimidine nucleoside analogues bearing the 2‐oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane scaffold ( 5 , 6 , 8 , 13 – 17 and 19 ) with various modifications at the C‐4′ position including methylene, azido, and arabino‐like configuration. Conformational analysis on the nucleoside analogues 6 , 14 and 17 indicates that the conformation of such C‐4′‐modified nucleoside analogues was restricted in the South‐East hemisphere of the pseudorotation cycle (between a 0 T 1 and a 2 E conformation). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Distortion Metrics of Composite Channels with Receiver Side Information (2007)

We consider transmission of stationary ergodic sources over non-ergodic composite channels with channel state information at the receiver (CSIR). Previously we introduced alternative capacity definitions to Shannon capacity, including outage and expected capacity. These generalized definitions relax the constraint of Shannon capacity that all transmitted information must be decoded at the receiver. In this work alternative end- to-end distortion metrics such as outage and expected distortion are introduced to relax the constraint that a single distortion level has to be maintained for all channel states. Through the example of transmission of a Gaussian source over a slow-fading Gaussian channel, we illustrate that the end-to-end distortion metrics dictate whether the source and channel coding can be separated for a communication system. We also show that the source and channel need to exchange information through an appropriate interface to facilitate separate encoding and decoding.
Amino acids and catecholamines analysis in microdyalisate samples : some new attempts using Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) Detection (2005)

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CCDC 876822: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2014)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Clinical studies with oral lipid based formulations of poorly soluble compounds. (2007)

This work is an attempt to give an overview of the clinical data available on lipid based formulations. Lipid and surfactant based formulations are recognized as a feasible approach to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. However not many clinical studies have been published so far. Several drug products intended for oral administration have been marketed utilizing lipid and surfactant based formulations. Sandimmune((R)) and Sandimmune Neoral((R)) (cyclosporin A, Novartis), Norvir((R)) (ritonavir), and Fortovase((R)) (saquinavir) have been formulated in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). This review summarizes published pharmacokinetic studies of orally administered lipid based formulations of poorly aqueous soluble drugs in human subjects. Special attention has been paid to the physicochemical characteristics of the formulations, when available and the impact of these properties on the in vivo performance of the formulation. Equally important is the effect of concurrent food intake on the bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. The effect of food on the bioavailability of compounds formulated in lipid and surfactant based formulations is also reviewed.
An Internal Partial Dynamic Reconfiguration Implementation of the JPEG Encoder for Low-Cost FPGAsb (2007)

This paper presents the design of a JPEG encoder which exploits this feature. We propose a mixed HW/SW architecture, where most compute-intensive components of the application are mapped to application-specific HW cores. These cores can be alternated on the FPGA, by means of internal dynamic reconfiguration. Our purpose is to describe a real-world application of reconfigurable computing, illustrating how this approach allows to save area with negligible performance overhead.
Development of Low Temperature Active Three Way Catalyst (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In recent years, fuel efficiency has been improved by using many technologies such as downsizing engine, turbocharger and direct injection to reduce CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from vehicle. However, the temperature of the exhaust gas from the engines using these technologies becomes lower than that form conventional one. That increases the difficulty for three-way catalyst (TWC) to purify CO, HC and NOx enough because TWC is not warmed up just after engine starting. In order to reduce cold emission mentioned above, we have been studying the warmup strategy of which the key property is thermal mass of TWC. To achieve early warmup, thermal mass of TWC is reduced by lightening the weight of (1) substrate and (2) catalytic materials, namely washcoat amount. Along with the strategy, we have developed TWC with lightweight substrate and applied it from the 2016 model year CIVIC. It is predicted that the reduction of washcoat amount results in enhancing temperature rising performance because of the decrease in thermal mass but deteriorating exhaust gas purification performance after aging due to the degradation of reactivity, thermal durability and phosphorus poisoning resistance. In this research, the effects of washcoat amount on both of temperature rising and purification performance of TWC were investigated. To realize the TWC with super low thermal mass, washcoat materials such as alumina, and material with oxygen storage capacity (OSC) were newly developed. The temperature rising and exhaust gas purification performance of the low thermal mass TWC applying new materials were evaluated by vehicle test. As a result, approximately 25% of exhaust gas was reduced by using our newly developed TWC compared to conventional one even after aging, confirming that the developed TWC conforms to the US LEVIII SULEV30 emission standard.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Workshop on multimodal crowd sensing (CrowdSens 2012) (2012)

This paper provides an overview of the 1st International Workshop on Multimodal Crowd Sensing (CrowdSens 2012), held at the 21st ACM International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management (CIKM 2012). This workshop aimed to provide an open forum for researchers from various fields such as fields such as Natural Language Processing, Information Extraction, Data Mining, Information Retrieval, User Modeling and Personalization, Stream Processing, and Sensor Networks, for addressing the challenges of effectively mining, analyzing, fusing, and exploiting information sourced from multimodal physical and social sensor data sources.
Development of a prototype low-NO/sub x/ industrial baffle burner (1982)

A prototype hot air (up to 1200/sup 0/F) industrial low-NO/sub x/ baffle burner was designed by Bloom Engineering Co., Inc., and tested by the Institute of Gas Technology under sponsorship of the Gas Research Institute. The burner utilizes two-stage combustion, in which a portion of the combustion air mixes with the fuel at the burner to form the flame under fuel-rich conditions and the remaining portion of the air is injected so that it mixes downstream from the initial flame to complete combustion, achieving low-NO/sub x/ emissions. The burner was designed to allow relatively easy modifications of the air distribution. The results from the prototype burner were compared with those from a standard Bloom 1201-100 FTR hot air burner, which was used as the baseline case. The NO/sub x/ emissions from the Bloom prototype burner with natural gas were consistently 45 to 60% lower than those from the standard burner at similar operating conditions. In addition, the NO/sub x/ emissions from the prototype were significantly less sensitive to both the excess air level and the combustion air temperature than the emissions from the standard burner. For example, the NO/sub x/ emissions increased by 150% for the standard burner but bymore » only 75% for the prototype when the air preheat temperature was increased from 700/sup 0/ to 1100/sup 0/F. The heat load profiles and flue-gas temperatures were similar for the two burners, and the flames for the prototype burner were slightly shorter. Although the burner is designed for natural gas and heavy oil, it has not yet been optimized for oil firing.« less
Wavelet based event detection in pacemakers (2005)

This paper presents a detection algorithm for pacemakers which is based on a signal model including a linear combination of descriptive functions. The functions are defined as different time scales of the two fundamental waveforms in the electrogram. An efficient detector structure is provided by the use of a dyadic wavelet transform with integer filter coefficients, followed by a generalized likelihood ratio test. The results show that reliable detection can be obtained for moderate to high noise levels for some common noise sources.
Detection of renal artery stenosis with Doppler sonography before and after administration of captopril: value of early systolic rise. (1998)

Doppler sonography of the renal arteries performed before administration of captopril appears to be an excellent screening tool in the detection of severe stenosis (> or = 70%). Administration of captopril improves the detection of renal artery stenosis greater than or equal to 50% with Doppler sonography when observers use both morphologic and quantitative criteria.
Incorporation of indium into ε-gallium oxide epitaxial thin films grown via mist chemical vapour deposition for bandgap engineering (2018)

Epitaxial ε-gallium oxide (Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) thin films incorporated with In were successfully grown by mist chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on <italic>c</italic>-plane sapphire substrates for bandgap tuning.
Crystal Structure of 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase, a Crucial Enzyme in the Non-mevalonate Pathway of Isoprenoid Biosynthesis (2002)

We have solved the 2.5-A crystal structure of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, an enzyme involved in the mevalonate-independent 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. The structure reveals that the enzyme is present as a homodimer. Each monomer displays a V-like shape and is composed of an amino-terminal dinucleotide binding domain, a connective domain, and a carboxyl-terminal four-helix bundle domain. The connective domain is responsible for dimerization and harbors most of the active site. The strictly conserved acidic residues Asp(150), Glu(152), Glu(231), and Glu(234) are clustered at the putative active site and are probably involved in the binding of divalent cations mandatory for enzyme activity. The connective and four-helix bundle domains show significant mobility upon superposition of the dinucleotide binding domains of the three conformational states present in the asymmetric unit of the crystal. A still more pronounced flexibility is observed for a loop spanning residues 186 to 216, which adopts two completely different conformations within the three protein conformers. A possible involvement of this loop in an induced fit during substrate binding is discussed.
Unbiased analysis of all possible neoepitopes of MC38-FABF tumor reveals a new universe of cancer neoepitopes with unexpected properties (2020)

Abstract Cancer neoepitopes are the only truly tumor-specific antigens and therefore, the most suitable as cancer vaccines. Current methods to predict neoepitopes, based on studies of viral epitopes, emphasize high affinity MHC-peptide interactions. Increasing evidence in human and murine models indicates that the present neoepitope prediction methods are mostly inaccurate in predicting true MHC I-restricted cancer neoepitopes. Here, in a completely unbiased approach, all possible neoepitopes in a mouse tumor model were tested for their ability to mediate tumor rejection and also CD8+ T cell responses. These studies show that the true tumor rejecting neoepitopes have different properties from those of viral epitopes. Further, CD8+ T cell responses elicited by these neoepitopes possess a more plastic chromatin phenotype with stem-like properties that is known to be associated with anti-viral and anti-tumor immune responses. Such cancer neoepitopes can be exploited for generation of personalized cancer vaccines.
Anomaly Detection of Bearings by Using Linear VAE with Dimensionality Compensation (2021)

Vibration data is used to detect anomalies in rotating equipment such as bearings, but the conventional RMS value and crest factor are not always the good features for anomaly detection because the detection threshold must be determined depending on the usage conditions. In this paper, we adopt a method to learn the optimum features and thresholds automatically by using an artificial neural network. Specifically, a VAE (Variational Auto-Encoder) that compresses measurement data into a latent space with a small number of dimensions is adopted, and the degree of deviation from the normal distribution in the latent space determined by VAE is used as the anomaly score. Unlike the ordinal VAE, linear processing is performed, and the number of dimensions is corrected according to the degree of correlation of the latent space axes. As the result, it is shown that anomaly detection can be performed more effectively than existing methods for synthetic data and actual measurement data.
Tunnel injection active region in an oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (1997)

Data are presented on oxide-confined AlGaAs-GaAs-InGaAs VCSEL's that use high-index half-wave GaAs spacer layers and electronic tunnel injection and confinement. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of tunnel injection in a vertical-cavity laser. Threshold currents range from 344 μA for a 6.5-μm diameter device to 151 μA for a 1-μm diameter device. The relatively high threshold currents are attributed to a detuned cavity and higher order transverse-mode operation.
Non-destructive testing of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites with coupled spiral inductors (2014)

A new type of an electromagnetic sensor for nondestructive testing of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites, based on coupled planar spiral inductors, is presented. The sensor operates in the range of 10 - 500 MHz, where the largest detectability of buried defects is expected. The new method shows some similarity to the eddy currents technique but the principles of operation are different as the sensitivity to possible defects is mostly due to a magnetic field horizontal to the surface of the material. One of advantages is the applicability of the method to a three-dimensional inspection of the carbon-fiber-reinforced composites.
Properties of natural pozzolan-based geopolymer concrete: effects of natural pozzolan content, type of alkaline activator, and silicate/alkali ratio (2022)

This paper reports the effects of key factors on the properties of geopolymer concrete mixtures containing 100, 90, and 85 mass% of natural pozzolan (NP) as primary and 0, 10, and 15 mass% of Portland cement as secondary cementitious materials. Two types of alkaline activators (NaOH and KOH), and three different sodium silicate (SS)/(NaOH or KOH) ratios of 1, 2, and 4 (by mass) were used. NaOH performed better than KOH in the development of compressive strength. While the strength increased with increase of silicate/alkali hydroxide ratio, a decrease in the strength was observed at a higher NP content. Results of the tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, shrinkage, thermal resistance, water absorption, acid resistance and SEM analysis tests conducted on selected mixtures also confirmed the beneficial effects of using a lower NP content activated by NaOH. An optimum mixture of geopolymer concrete, having a NP content of 85% and SS/NaOH ratio of 4.0, is recommended for the construction of structural members requiring high-performance concrete.
Multiple introductions of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses into Bangladesh (2014)

Highly pathogenic H5N1 and low pathogenic H9N2 influenza viruses are endemic to poultry markets in Bangladesh and have cocirculated since 2008. H9N2 influenza viruses circulated constantly in the poultry markets, whereas highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses occurred sporadically, with peaks of activity in cooler months. Thirty highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses isolated from poultry were characterized by antigenic, molecular, and phylogenetic analyses. Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses from clades 2.2.2 and 2.3.2.1 were isolated from live bird markets only. Phylogenetic analysis of the 30 H5N1 isolates revealed multiple introductions of H5N1 influenza viruses in Bangladesh. There was no reassortment between the local H9N2 influenza viruses and H5N1 genotype, despite their prolonged cocirculation. However, we detected two reassortant H5N1 viruses, carrying the M gene from the Chinese H9N2 lineage, which briefly circulated in the Bangladesh poultry markets and then disappeared. On the other hand, interclade reassortment occurred within H5N1 lineages and played a role in the genesis of the currently dominant H5N1 viruses in Bangladesh. Few 'human-like' mutations in H5N1 may account for the limited number of human cases. Antigenically, clade 2.3.2.1 H5N1 viruses in Bangladesh have evolved since their introduction and are currently mainly homogenous, and show evidence of recent antigenic drift. Although reassortants containing H9N2 genes were detected in live poultry markets in Bangladesh, these reassortants failed to supplant the dominant H5N1 lineage.
One‐Pot Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Arylpropenone Aminochalcone Conjugates as Potential Apoptotic Inducers (2019)

Abstract A facile single pot strategy was developed to synthesize a library of 17 arylpropenone aminochalcone conjugates involving two consecutive reactions, namely Michael addition and Claisen‐Schmidt condensation. These conjugates were screened for their in vitro anti‐proliferative potential against selected human cancer cell lines such as breast (MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231), pancreatic (PANC‐1) and colorectal (CaCO2) adenocarcinoma cells. Among them, the conjugates 6 l and 6p exhibited good to moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 6.7 μM and 9.8 μM, respectively, against MCF‐7. Furthermore, these conjugates were found to exhibit G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Moreover, Annexin‐FITC assay revealed that they induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner which probably is responsible for their Cytotoxicity
The Ras GTPase-activating Protein (GAP) Is an SH3 Domain-binding Protein and Substrate for the Src-related Tyrosine Kinase, Hck (1995)

The Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) is a target for protein tyrosine kinases of both the receptor and cytoplasmic classes and may serve to integrate tyrosine kinase and Ras signaling pathways. In this report, we provide evidence that GAP is an SH3 domain-binding protein and substrate for the Src-related tyrosine kinase Hck, which has been implicated in the regulation of myeloid cell growth, differentiation, and function. Wild-type (WT) or kinase-inactive (K269E) mutant Hck proteins were co-expressed with bovine GAP using the baculovirus/Sf-9 cell system. GAP was readily phosphorylated on tyrosine by WT but not K269E Hck. GAP was present in WT Hck immunoprecipitates from the co-infected cells, indicative of Hck.GAP complex formation. Unexpectedly, GAP also associated with the kinase-inactive mutant of Hck, suggesting that tyrosine autophosphorylation of Hck is not required for complex formation. The WT and K269E forms of Hck also associated with GAP mutants lacking either the C-terminal catalytic domain (delta CAT) or the Src homology region (delta SH), indicating that these GAP domains are dispensable for complex formation. Recombinant GST fusion proteins containing the Hck, Src, Fyn, or Lck SH3 domains associated with full-length GAP, delta CAT, and delta SH, all of which share an N-terminal proline-rich region resembling an SH3-binding motif (PPLPPPPPQLP). Deletion of the highly conserved YXY sequence from the Hck SH3 domain abolished binding. GAP-SH3 interaction was also inhibited by the proline-rich peptide GFPPLPPPPPQLPTLG, which corresponds to N-terminal amino acids 129-144 of bovine GAP. An N-terminal deletion mutant of GAP lacking this proline-rich region did not bind to the Hck SH3 domain. These data implicate the Hck SH3 domain in GAP interaction, and suggest a general function for the SH3 domains of Src family kinases in recognition of GAP via its proline-rich N-terminal domain.
Deep Learning for Ultrasound Image Formation: CUBDL Evaluation Framework and Open Datasets (2021)

Deep learning for ultrasound image formation is rapidly garnering research support and attention, quickly rising as the latest frontier in ultrasound image formation, with much promise to balance both image quality and display speed. Despite this promise, one challenge with identifying optimal solutions is the absence of unified evaluation methods and datasets that are not specific to a single research group. This article introduces the largest known international database of ultrasound channel data and describes the associated evaluation methods that were initially developed for the challenge on ultrasound beamforming with deep learning (CUBDL), which was offered as a component of the 2020 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium. We summarize the challenge results and present qualitative and quantitative assessments using both the initially closed CUBDL evaluation test dataset (which was crowd-sourced from multiple groups around the world) and additional in vivo breast ultrasound data contributed after the challenge was completed. As an example quantitative assessment, single plane wave images from the CUBDL Task 1 dataset produced a mean generalized contrast-to-noise ratio (gCNR) of 0.67 and a mean lateral resolution of 0.42 mm when formed with delay-and-sum beamforming, compared with a mean gCNR as high as 0.81 and a mean lateral resolution as low as 0.32 mm when formed with networks submitted by the challenge winners. We also describe contributed CUBDL data that may be used for training of future networks. The compiled database includes a total of 576 image acquisition sequences. We additionally introduce a neural-network-based global sound speed estimator implementation that was necessary to fairly evaluate the results obtained with this international database. The integration of CUBDL evaluation methods, evaluation code, network weights from the challenge winners, and all datasets described herein are publicly available (visit https://cubdl.jhu.edu for details).