gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ASIC Implementation of a Nonlinear Dynamical Model for Hippocampal Prosthesis (2018)

A hippocampal prosthesis is a very large scale integration (VLSI) biochip that needs to be implanted in the biological brain to solve a cognitive dysfunction. In this letter, we propose a novel low-complexity, small-area, and low-power programmable hippocampal neural network application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for a hippocampal prosthesis. It is based on the nonlinear dynamical model of the hippocampus: namely multi-input, multi-output (MIMO)-generalized Laguerre-Volterra model (GLVM). It can realize the real-time prediction of hippocampal neural activity. New hardware architecture, a storage space configuration scheme, low-power convolution, and gaussian random number generator modules are proposed. The ASIC is fabricated in 40 nm technology with a core area of 0.122 mm[Formula: see text] and test power of 84.4 [Formula: see text]W. Compared with the design based on the traditional architecture, experimental results show that the core area of the chip is reduced by 84.94% and the core power is reduced by 24.30%.
Fatigue Life Prediction Model Development for Decoupling Capacitors (2019)

There is an increasing need for a low cost solution to increase the speed and functionality of microprocessors. Decoupling capacitors mounted on the organic substrate close to the processor chip serve this purpose. Tin-Silver-Copper based solder materials are typically used to attach the capacitors to the substrate. Fatigue failure of the solder joints during field-use due to CTE mismatch between the capacitor and the substrate and due to proximity of the capacitor to the chip is a potential cause of concern. The solder joint materials exhibit highly rate dependent and microstructure dependent non-linear deformation behavior. The microstructure of the solder joints within a decoupling capacitor is very different from the microstructure of solder joints within a ball grid array package. Projecting fatigue life during field-use, where the temperature excursions experienced are generally less than 50 degrees centigrade, using a predictive model that was developed for a larger ball grid array solder joints or that was developed based on accelerated stress testing alone where the temperature excursions are much larger will lead to inaccurate life prediction. In this paper, we have developed a predictive model specifically for decoupling capacitors that can be used to determine the number of cycles for first fail and the mean number of cycles to failure during any thermal cycling conditions - ranging from harsh to benign - due to solder joint fatigue. Experimental data from test vehicles with 0306 and 0508 decoupling capacitors that were attached to the substrate using either SAC105 or SAC305 solder alloy material was used in conjunction with non-linear finite-element based mechanical modeling for fatigue life predictive model development.
Enhanced Electrical Properties of Reduced Graphene Oxide Multilayer Films by In-Situ Insertion of a TiO2 Layer (2011)

Wrinkle-free reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/TiO(2) hybrid multilayer films were directly fabricated using an rGO solution stabilized by a TiO(2) precursor sol applied over a large area by an air spraying method without the use of additional reduction processes. In-situ insertion of the TiO(2) layer between rGO sheets dramatically increased the conductivity and carrier mobility despite the insulating properties of amorphous TiO(2). The TiO(2) situated between rGO sheets also induced significant hole doping. Electrical hysteresis caused by adsorbed water molecules and residual oxidative moieties in the rGO nanosheets vanished due to TiO(2)-assisted screening of charged impurities. These effects decreased the thermal carrier activation energy and increased the density of states at the Fermi level. Ambipolar transport properties were converted into unipolar-like hole transport characteristics by extensive hole doping in the TiO(2) layer.
Ligand scrambling reactions of cyano(thione)gold(I) complexes and determination of their equilibrium constants (2002)

Ligand scrambling reactions in cyano(thione)gold(I) complexes ([&gt;C=S-Au-CN]) to form [Au(&gt;C=S) 2 ] + and [Au(CN) 2 ]  species have been investigated for a series of thiones in DMSO using 13 C and 15 N NMR spectroscopy. Rapid approach to equilibrium occurred and resulted in distinct signals for the [&gt;C=S-Au-CN] and [Au(CN) 2 ]  complexes, both in 13 C and 15 N NMR. Equilibrium constants (K eq ) were determined for scrambling of all the complexes by integrating the CN resonances in the 13 C NMR recorded at 298 K. The influence of various factors (initial concentration, ionic strength, temperature, and solvent polarity) on the K eq value was examined for a representative complex (ImtAuCN (Imt = Imidazolidine-2-thione)).Key words: cyanogold(I) complexes, thiones, ligand scrambling, NMR, K eq .
ChemInform Abstract: Study of the Rotational Isomerism and Synthesis of Glucosides Derived from Pyrazino(2,3‐c) (1,2,6)thiadiazine 2,2‐Dioxides. (1988)

Abstract Glucosidation of the pyrazinodiazine dioxides (I) with the component (IV) is best effected via the "silylation method"; the products (III) are subsequently transformed to the respective free nucleosides which exist as rotationally restricted "syn‐anti" isomers (IV), (V).
Protection Against Myocardial Infarction and No-Reflow Through Preservation of Vascular Integrity by Angiopoietin-Like 4 (2011)

These data showed that ANGPTL4 might constitute a relevant target for therapeutic vasculoprotection aimed at counteracting the effects of VEGF, thus being crucial for preventing no-reflow and conferring secondary cardioprotection during AMI.
A new single inductor bipolar multiple output (SIBMO) on-chip boost converter using ripple-based constant on-time control for LCD drivers (2014)

A constant on-time (COT) single-inductor bipolar multiple-output (SIBMO) on-chip boost converter is proposed for LCD drivers in this study. The converter is designed for biasing some analog and digital circuits fabricated on glass substrates for benefits of extending the life of LCD. These circuits on glass require bipolar high voltages for drive LCDs. The converter boosts the input of 2.8V to two positive outputs and two negative outputs, +12V, +6V, -12V and -6V, respectively. Different from the commonly-used pulse width modulation (PWM), the constant on-time (COT) is adopted herein by a dynamic charging algorithm whose frequency is adapted to the varied output voltage level, thus enjoying the merit of less circuit complexity and a smaller chip area. The COT is in this study further developed to a ripple-based one for achieving applicability even with unbalanced output loads with high efficiency. While total maximum output power is 260mw and the switching frequency varies from 500 kHz to 650 kHz, the maximum efficiency reaches 82.4%. The converter is fabricated by TSMC 0.25μm 1P3M high voltage CMOS technology for verification.
Lifetime measurements of the e1II, v = 0 and v = 1 states of12C16O, 13C16O, and13C18O (1998)

In a laboratory investigation using tunable picosecond lasers in a pump-probe configuration, lifetimes of the E 1u, v = 0 and v = 1 states of CO are experimentally determined. For E 'D, v = 1, the lifetime is found to vary significantly for the isotopomers. Combining the data with existing oscillator strengths, predissociation probabilities within the range of 93.6%-98.6% result for 12C16O, 13C16O, and 13C18O in the case of the E 1u, v = I state, which is the state that predominantly influences the isotopic fractionation of CO in interstellar clouds.
Thermodynamic Analysis of Chemical Hydrogen Storage: Energetics of Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier Systems Based on Methyl-Substituted Indoles (2023)

Liquid organic hydrogen carriers can store hydrogen in a safe and dense form through covalent bonds. Hydrogen uptake and release are realized by catalytic hydrogenation and dehydrogenation, respectively. Indoles have been demonstrated to be interesting candidates for this task. The enthalpy of reaction is a crucial parameter in this regard as it determines not only the heat demand for hydrogen release, but also the reaction equilibrium at given conditions. In this work, a combination of experimental measurements, quantum chemical methods and a group-additivity approach has been applied to obtain a consistent dataset on the enthalpies of formation of different methylated indole derivatives and their hydrogenated counterparts. The results show a namable influence of the number and position of methyl groups on the enthalpy of reaction. The enthalpy of reaction of the overall hydrogenation reaction varies in the range of up to 18.2 kJ·mol<sup>-1</sup> (corresponding to 4.6 kJ·mol(H<sub>2</sub>)<sup>-1</sup>). The widest range of enthalpy of reaction data for different methyl indoles has been observed for the last step (hydrogenation for the last double bond in the five-membered ring). Here a difference of up to 7.3 kJ·mol(H<sub>2</sub>)<sup>-1</sup> between the highest and the lowest value was found.
The structure factor of primes (2018)

Although the prime numbers are deterministic, they can be viewed, by some measures, as pseudo-random numbers. In this article, we numerically study the pair statistics of the primes using statistical-mechanical methods, especially the structure factor $S(k)$ in an interval $M \leq p \leq M + L$ with $M$ large, and $L/M$ smaller than unity. We show that the structure factor of the prime-number configurations in such intervals exhibits well-defined Bragg-like peaks along with a small "diffuse" contribution. This indicates that the primes are appreciably more correlated and ordered than previously thought. Our numerical results definitively suggest an explicit formula for the locations and heights of the peaks. This formula predicts infinitely many peaks in any non-zero interval, similar to the behavior of quasicrystals. However, primes differ from quasicrystals in that the ratio between the location of any two predicted peaks is rational. We also show numerically that the diffuse part decays slowly as $M$ and $L$ increases. This suggests that the diffuse part vanishes in an appropriate infinite-system-size limit.
Supported Liquid Catalysts (2008)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Historical Development The Sulfuric Acid Catalyst Solid Phosphoric Acid ( SPA ) Catalyst Supported Ionic Liquid‐Phase ( SILP ) Catalysts Conclusions
Interleukin-37 treatment of mice with metabolic syndrome improves insulin sensitivity and reduces pro-inflammatory cytokine production in adipose tissue (2018)

Obesity and the metabolic syndrome are characterized by chronic, low-grade inflammation mainly originating from expanding adipose tissue and resulting in inhibition of insulin signaling and disruption of glycemic control. Transgenic mice expressing human interleukin 37 (IL-37), an anti-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family, are protected against metabolic syndrome when fed a high-fat diet (HFD) containing 45% fat. Here, we examined whether treatment with recombinant IL-37 ameliorates established insulin resistance and obesity-induced inflammation. WT mice were fed a HFD for 22 weeks and then treated daily with IL-37 (1 μg/mouse) during the last 2 weeks. Compared with vehicle only-treated mice, IL-37-treated mice exhibited reduced insulin in the plasma and had significant improvements in glucose tolerance and in insulin content of the islets. The IL-37 treatment also increased the levels of circulating IL-1 receptor antagonist. Cultured adipose tissues revealed that IL-37 treatment significantly decreases spontaneous secretions of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and C<i>X</i>C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1). We also fed mice a 60% fat diet with concomitant daily IL-37 for 2 weeks and observed decreased secretion of IL-1β, TNFα, and IL-6 and reduced intracellular levels of IL-1α in the liver and adipose tissue, along with improved plasma glucose clearance. Compared with vehicle treatment, these IL-37-treated mice had no apparent weight gain. In human adipose tissue cultures, the presence of 50 pm IL-37 reduced spontaneous release of TNFα and 50% of lipopolysaccharide-induced TNFα. These findings indicate that IL-37's anti-inflammatory effects can ameliorate established metabolic disturbances during obesity.
Topology optimization of geometrically nonlinear structures using an evolutionary optimization method (2018)

Iso-XFEM method is an evolutionary optimization method developed in our previous studies to enable the generation of high resolution topology optimised designs suitable for additive manufacture. Conventional approaches for topology optimization require additional post-processing after optimization to generate a manufacturable topology with clearly defined smooth boundaries. Iso-XFEM aims to eliminate this time-consuming post-processing stage by defining the boundaries using isovalues of a structural performance criterion and an extended finite element method (XFEM) scheme. In this paper, the Iso-XFEM method is further developed to enable the topology optimization of geometrically nonlinear structures undergoing large deformations. This is achieved by implementing a total Lagrangian finite element formulation and defining a structural performance criterion appropriate for the objective function of the optimization problem. The Iso-XFEM solutions for geometrically nonlinear test-cases implementing linear and nonlinear modelling are compared, and the suitability of nonlinear modelling for the topology optimization of geometrically nonlinear structures is investigated.
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Regulates Tumor Invasion by Coupling Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling to Extracellular Matrix Degradation (2010)

Aberrant expression and polymorphism of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) has been linked to tumor progression and anticancer drug resistance. We describe here a novel mechanism of tumor progression by matrix degradation involving epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in response to membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) induction at the edge of tumors expressing the FGFR4-R388 risk variant. Both FGFR4 and MT1-MMP were upregulated in tissue biopsies from several human cancer types including breast adenocarcinomas, where they were partially coexpressed at the tumor/stroma border and tumor invasion front. The strongest overall coexpression was found in prostate carcinoma. Studies with cultured prostate carcinoma cell lines showed that the FGFR4-R388 variant, which has previously been associated with poor cancer prognosis, increased MT1-MMP-dependent collagen invasion. In this experimental model, knockdown of FGFR4-R388 or MT1-MMP by RNA interference blocked tumor cell invasion and growth in collagen. This was coupled with impaired phosphorylation of FGFR substrate 2 and Src, upregulation of E-cadherin, and suppression of cadherin-11 and N-cadherin. These in vitro results were substantiated by reduced MT1-MMP content and in vivo growth of prostate carcinoma cells after the FGFR4-R388 gene silencing. In contrast, knockdown of the alternative FGFR4-G388 allele enhanced MT1-MMP and invasive tumor cell growth in vivo and within three-dimensional collagen. These results will help to explain the reported association of the FGFR4-R388 variant with the progression and poor prognosis of certain types of tumors.
Artificial Intelligence and the Right to Explanation as a Human Right (2021)

Artificial intelligence (AI), which increasingly fuels Internet applications, has huge implications on the lives of ordinary people. This article examines explanations for AI decision-making as it concerns end users through the lens of humans rights.
Characterizing isolated attosecond pulses from a hollow-core waveguide using multi-cycle driving pulses (2009)

We temporally characterize 200 attosecond FWHM pulses created by high harmonic generation of 15 femtosecond pulses. Simulations of the interferometric two-color crosscorrelation data and an iterative algorithm were used to extract the pulse duration.
Enable Super-resolution Parameter Estimation for Mm-wave Channel\n Sounding (2019)

This paper investigates the capability of millimeter-wave (mmWave) channel\nsounders with phased arrays to perform super-resolution parameter estimation,\ni.e., determine the parameters of multipath components (MPC), such as direction\nof arrival and delay, with resolution better than the Fourier resolution of the\nsetup. We analyze the question both generally, and with respect to a particular\nnovel multi-beam mmWave channel sounder that is capable of performing\nmultiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) measurements in dynamic environments. We\nfirstly propose a novel two-step calibration procedure that provides\nhigher-accuracy calibration data that are required for Rimax or SAGE. Secondly,\nwe investigate the impact of center misalignment and residual phase noise on\nthe performance of the parameter estimator. Finally we experimentally verify\nthe calibration results and demonstrate the capability of our sounder to\nperform super-resolution parameter estimation.\n
LP‐F: Late‐News Poster: Wide‐Viewing‐Angle TFT‐LCDs Optimized for Desktop and Avionics Applications (1998)

Abstract We have modeled and optimized TN‐TFT‐LCDS with novel film compensation methods, appropriate liquid crystal materials, and cell designs to achieve extremely wide viewing angles required for desktop and avionics applications. We have built such TN‐TFT‐LCDs, measured their optical performance, and confirmed the very large usable viewing volume. The optimized TN‐TFT‐LCDS show a 30:1 contrast ratio beyond +/− 80° in the horizontal direction and beyond −35° and +55° in the vertical direction. Measurements have also been taken for in‐plane switch (IPS) mode TFT‐LCDS and the results will be compared to our newly developed wide viewing angle TN‐TFT‐LCDS.
Towards Adaptable and Adaptive Policy-Free Middleware (2010)

We believe that to fully support adaptive distributed applications, middleware must itself be adaptable, adaptive and policy-free. In this paper we present a new language-independent adaptable and adaptive policy framework suitable for integration in a wide variety of middleware systems. This framework facilitates the construction of adaptive distributed applications. The framework addresses adaptability through its ability to represent a wide range of specific middleware policies. Adaptiveness is supported by a rich contextual model, through which an application programmer may control precisely how policies should be selected for any particular interaction with the middleware. A contextual pattern mechanism facilitates the succinct expression of both coarse- and fine-grain policy contexts. Policies may be specified and altered dynamically, and may themselves take account of dynamic conditions. The framework contains no hard-wired policies; instead, all policies can be configured.
Structural Stability and Conductivity of Phase‐Stabilized Cubic Bismuth Oxides (1999)

Bismuth oxide, when stabilized in the face‐centered cubic phase by lanthanide doping, has one of the highest oxygen‐ion conductivities among all solid oxide electrolytes. We previously reported a time‐dependent aging phenomenon in phase‐stabilized bismuth oxides that involves ordering of the anion sublattice, as distinct from a crystallographic phase change, and results in decreased conductivity. In this paper, we report on the structural stability of the disordered lattice in terms of aging, as a function of both dopant species and dopant concentration. The aging rate decreases with both increased dopant cation radius and increased dopant concentration.
Racemic Vinylallenes in Catalytic Enantioselective Multicomponent Processes: Rapid Generation of Complexity through 1,6‐Conjugate Additions (2019)

Racemic vinylallenes are shown to be effective substrates for catalytic multicomponent diastereo- and enantioselective 1,6-conjugate addition of multifunctional allyl moieties to easily accessible α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated diesters. Reactions may be catalyzed by 5.0 mol % of a readily accessible NHC-Cu complex at ambient temperature, and other than a vinylallene, involve B<sub>2</sub> (pin)<sub>2</sub> and an α,β,γ,δ-unsaturated diester. A variety of vinylallenes were converted to products bearing a Z-trisubstituted alkenyl-B(pin) moiety, a vinyl group, a β,γ-unsaturated diester unit, and vicinal stereogenic centers in up to 67 % yield, 87:13 Z/E ratio, >98:2 d.r., and 98:2 e.r. Chemoselective modifications involving the alkenyl-B(pin), the vinyl, or the 1,2-disubstituted olefin moieties were carried out to demonstrate versatility and utility. Stereochemical models, based on mechanistic and DFT studies, demonstrate the dynamic behavior of intermediated Cu-allyl species and account for various selectivity profiles.
An Initial Study of an Adaptive Hierarchical Vision System (2000)

We describe an empirical study of an adaptive, hierarchical vision system. Using a simple vision task requiring both low-level and high-level processing, we examined how three schemes of feedback for on-line learning affected the true positive rate, the number of instances used for learning, and the need for user feedback. The rst scheme used for learning those instances for which the user provided feedback. The second used all instances, assuming that no feedback meant correct classication. In the end, a hybrid scheme with each method at dierent levels yielded the best results, showing that more examples for learning signicantly improved the true positive rate of the classiers at the lower level, but not at the higher level. Furthermore, this hybrid method did not increase the need for user feedback. 1. Introduction Hierarchical vision systems (Mohan &amp;amp; Nevatia, 1989) work by repeatedly grouping visual constructs into higher-level constructs and selecting the m...
Multiplex PCR for identification of six clinically relevant streptococci (2017)

This mPCR can be applied to the rapid identification of pure cultures of these six streptococci. The test was shown to be rapid, simple and reliable for the identification of these streptococci at the species level. This assay should be useful for laboratory identification and surveillance of human infections by these bacterial species.
Figure S5 from <i>S</i>-nitrosylation of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Inhibitors of Succinate Dehydrogenase (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mitochondrial content of HCC cells and overexpression of mitochondrial antioxidants.&lt;/p&gt;