gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein Phosphatase 2A Enhances Activation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Phorbol Myristate Acetate (2003)

The viral replication rate in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is controlled in part by regulation of the transcription of viral genes. The rate of transcription is determined by a complex interplay between cellular and viral proteins and the promoter elements found in the long terminal repeats. Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a phosphoprotein that plays important roles in the regulation of signal transduction and cell growth. In this report, we demonstrate that overexpression of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2Ac) increases the basal activity of the HIV-1 promoter and, especially, enhances the promoter's response to the protein kinase C (PKC) activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (PMA). Additionally, ectopic PP2Ac enhances activation of HIV-1 provirus by PMA. Okadaic acid, a potent inhibitor of PP2A, markedly reduces both HIV-1 enhancer and proviral activation. Fostriecin, a PP2A inhibitor which has been used as an antineoplastic agent in clinical trials, is also able to inhibit PMA-stimulated HIV-1 proviral activation. These observations demonstrate a role for the important cellular phosphatase PP2A in HIV-1 transcription and replication and also suggest that PKC can potentiate the activity of PP2A. PP2A is a potential target for therapeutic intervention in patients infected with HIV-1.
Abstract 600: Targeting the hedgehog pathway by LNA (locked nucleic acid) oligonucleotide-based GLI2 RNA antagonists, EZN-4482 and EZN-4496, in vitro and in vivo (2010)

Abstract Background: Aberrent activation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling has been implicated in the initiation and growth of a number of human malignancies, including those derived from skin, lung, liver, prostate and breast. The GLI family proteins are zinc finger transcription factors and the downstream effectors of Hh pathway, controling expression of the target genes such as GLI1, Ptch1, Cyclin D, and BCL2. Since amplification, overexpression of Hh ligand, and mutations of components along the Hh pathway are found in cancer and cancer stem cells, specific down regulation of GLIs with antisense molecules may offer a novel and effective therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. We report here the biological activities of LNA-based GLI2 mRNA antagonist, EZN-4482 and EZN-4496. Methods: In vitro, the ability of the antagonists to down modulate their direct target, GLI2 mRNA, and to inhibit cell growth was evaluated by qRT-PCR and MTS, respectively, in multiple cell lines of various origins. To identify and investigate the molecular events associated with targeted downmodulation of GLI2, expression of Hh pathway components and downstream effectors were analyzed by gene expression profiling and immnomoblotting analysis. In vivo, GLI2 mRNA down-modulation in PC3 xenograft tumor was evaluated after intravenous administration of the antagonists. The effect of antagonists on tumor growth and survival of mice were evaluated in PC3 prostate tumor grown on the flank and in A549 lung carcinoma cells that had metastasized to the liver respectively. Results: Both antagonists are specific and potent down-modulators of GLI2 mRNA (by transfection, IC50 &amp;lt; 2 nM). Down-modulation of GLI2 mRNA with or without transfection was shown to result in reduction of GLI2 protein in a human breast cancer cell line, HCC-1937, and human prostate cancer cell lines, 15PC3 and C4-2b. In mice bearing PC3 xenograft tumors, systemic administration of EZN-4482 resulted in down-modulation of GLI2, GLI1, and PTCH1 in both PC3 and host stromal cells. Additionally, we show that EZN-4482 prolonged the survival of animals with A549 cell derived liver metastasis derived from A549 cells. Conclusions: EZN-4482 and EZN-4496 are potent and specific GLI2 antagonists in vitro and in vivo. The possible mechanisms of efficacy in vivo may include inhibition of mRNA levels of GLI1/2 and PTCH1 in mouse stromal cells. Therefore, targeted down-modulation of GLI2 using the LNA-based mRNA antagonists may be an effective therapy to treat a broad spectrum of cancers including ones that fail treatment with SMO inhibitor therapy. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 600.
[Polyvalent hyperimmune immunoglobulins prevent the infection of monocytic type cells by human cytomegalovirus]. (1996)

Monocyte/macrophage cell types can be infected with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) could be a reservoir and a vehicle for virus spread in infected patients. We developed a model to study the effects of antiviral molecules on these cells. The monocytic-like cell line THP-1 and the human diploïd cells MRC-5 were used. THP-1 cells were cultivated with a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24h prior to the infection. We studied infection of these cells with reference strain (AD-169). A cell free virus suspension of HCMV was preincubated with hyperimmune polyvalent immunoglobulins. The infection of the cells was studied on the basis of immune detection of viral immediate early antigens (IEA) in nucleus 24h after culture. Our results showed that hyperimmune polyvalent immunoglobulins have been able to neutralize fibroblasts and THP-1 cells infection, whereas control antibodies did not inhibit the infection of the cells. This is the first report of the use of monocytic-like cells for testing the efficiency of anti-CMV molecules.
Platinum Nanoparticles on Sintered Metal Fibers Are Efficient Structured Catalysts in Partial Methane Oxidation into Synthesis Gas (2020)

Efficient structured catalysts of partial methane oxidation into synthesis gas were obtained by electrochemical modification of the surface of sintered FeCrAl alloy fibers in an ionic liquid BMIM-NTf<sub>2</sub> with further introduction of platinum nanoparticles. It was shown that etching and electrochemical modification of sintered FeCrAl alloy fibers result in a decrease of the surface aluminum content. With an increase of the reaction temperature to 900 °C, the methane conversion reaches 90% and the selectivity to CO increases significantly to achieve 98%. The catalysts with a Pt loading of 1 × 10<sup>-4</sup> wt % demonstrate high activity and selectivity as well as TOF in synthesis gas production by the CH<sub>4</sub> + O<sub>2</sub> reaction at 850-900 °C. To trace the composition and structure evolution of the catalysts, XRD and SEM methods were used.
Cloning, expression in Pichia pastoris, and characterization of a thermostable GH5 mannan endo-1,4-β-mannosidase from Aspergillus niger BK01 (2009)

This study is the first report on the cloning and expression of a thermostable mannan endo-1,4-beta-mannosidase from A. niger in Pichia pastoris. The efficient expression and ease of purification will significantly decrease the production costs of this enzyme. Taking advantage of its acidic pH optimum and high thermostability, this recombinant beta-mannanase will be valuable in various biotechnological applications.
Infrared and Raman spectra of polyethylene oxide in the low frequency region (1974)

The far infrared and Raman spectra of polyethylene oxide (PEO) between 5 and 150 cm−1 has been measured for three crystalline samples with different degrees of polymerization. Lines are observed at 37, 52, 81, and 107 cm−1 in the infrared and at 37, 56, and 78 cm−1 in the Raman spectrum. Theoretical calculations show that the 81 and 107 cm−1 lines are assignable to the torsional motion of the PEO helical chain about the C–O bond. The absorptions at 37 and 52 cm−1 have not been previously reported or predicted by any normal mode calculations of the isolated 7/2 helix although they seem to arise from intramolecular rather than lattice vibrations.
Identification and Characterization of Linezolid-Resistantcfr-Positive Staphylococcus aureus USA300 Isolates from a New York City Medical Center (2014)

The cfr gene was identified in three linezolid-resistant USA300 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates collected over a 3-day period at a New York City medical center in 2011 as part of a routine surveillance program. Each isolate possessed a plasmid containing a pSCFS3-like cfr gene environment. Transformation of the cfr-bearing plasmids into the S. aureus ATCC 29213 background recapitulated the expected Cfr antibiogram, including resistance to linezolid, tiamulin, clindamycin, and florfenicol and susceptibility to tedizolid.
Omittable lines (2008)

Given a collection of n lines in the real projective plane, a line $\ell$ is said to be omittable if $\ell$ is free of ordinary points of intersection---in other words, if all the intersection points of $\ell$ with other lines from the collection come at the intersection of three or more lines. Given a collection of lines $\mathcal{L}$, denoting by $\mathcal{O(L)}$ the set of all omittable lines in the collection and by $g(\mathcal{L})$ the cardinality of $\mathcal{O(L)}$, we describe three infinite families of lines that can serve as $\mathcal{O(L)}$ for suitable $\mathcal{L}$ and also display a finite set of sporadic additional examples in which $\mathcal{O(L)}$ does not fall into any of the three families. We derive bounds on the size of $g(\mathcal{L})$ when $\mathcal{O(L)}$ falls into one of the three infinite families and weaker bounds for the more general case.
Nano-crystalline PLZT for Dielectric Applications. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
High resolution imaging of cell adhesion activity using photonic crystal biosensor surfaces (2011)

Photonic crystal surfaces combined with an imaging detection instrument are used for label-free quantification of cell adhesion with intra-cell spatial resolution. The adhesion response to chemical stimuli of cancer cells, cardiac cells, and stem cells are monitored.
Hierarchical Nanohybrids with Porous CNT-Networks Decorated Crumpled Graphene Balls for Supercapacitors (2014)

One of the most challenging issues in developing supercapacitor technology is the rational design and synthesis of active electrode materials, at the nanoscale, with favorable morphologies, reasonable porous structure, and excellent conductivity. By transforming a two-dimensional (2D) graphene sheet into a crumpled ball shape, a novel three-dimensional (3D) graphene structure with a large surface area and aggregation-resistant properties has been proposed as an active material in supercapacitors to address the issues associated with the restacking of 2D graphene sheets. To further improve the mass transport/electron transfer and address the issue of limited contact spots between the crumpled graphene balls (CGBs) or between the CGBs and the current collector, we report here a unique hierarchical nanohybrid with porous carbon nanotube (CNT)-networks decorated CGBs (p-CNTn/CGBs), which not only greatly improves the affinity for bridging the active material and the current collector but also maintains favorable features for supercapacitor applications, such as a large surface area, 3D hierarchical nanostructure, excellent electrical conductivity, and outstanding aggregation-resistance. The performance established on the p-CNTn/CGBs far exceeded the bare CGB and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) counterparts in terms of specific capacitance and rate capabilities.
Filtrage conditionnel pour la trajectographie dans des sequences d'images - Application au suivi de points (2004)

National audience
Concept of sensor over fibres and its application to high resolution millimetre-wave radar (2017)

This paper describes the concept of sensor over fibres (SoF), consisting of many sensor heads connected by fibre networks. SoF transfer waveforms from the sensor heads and performs joint signal processing to achieve high-resolution and agile imaging, while wireless sensor networks are digital networks to collect measured data at small sensors. SoF can compile information from sensor heads coherently at central signal processing units. We will also show applications of SoF technologies, such as high resolution millimetre-wave radar for airport runway surveillance.
Interference Constraint Active Learning with Uncertain Feedback for Cognitive Radio Networks (2017)

In this paper, an intelligent probing method for interference constraint learning is proposed to allow a centralized cognitive radio network (CRN) to access the frequency band of a primary user (PU) in an underlay cognitive communication scenario. The main idea is that the CRN probes the PU and subsequently eavesdrops the reverse PU link to acquire the binary ACK/NACK packet. This feedback is implicit channel state information of the PU link, indicating whether the probing-induced interference is harmful or not. The intelligence of this sequential probing process lies in the selection of the power levels of the secondary users, which aims to minimize the number of probing attempts, a clearly active learning (AL) procedure, and expectantly the overall PU QoS degradation. The enhancement introduced in this paper is that we incorporate the probability of each feedback being correct into this intelligent probing mechanism by using a multivariate Bayesian AL method. This technique is inspired by the probabilistic bisection algorithm and the deterministic cutting plane methods (CPMs). The optimality of this multivariate Bayesian AL method is proven and its effectiveness is demonstrated through numerical simulations. Computationally cheap CPM adaptations are also presented, which outperform existing AL methods.
Slippery Liquid-Infused Porous Surfaces (2014)

Marine biofouling, the process of accumulation of microorganisms, plants, algae and animals on submerged surfaces, is an age-old problem associated with any maritime activity affecting commercial and recreational shipping activities, naval operations, aquaculture facilities and marine renewable energy structures alike. The adverse effects of marine biofouling include the increase of drag on ship hulls, damage to ships and maritime equipment such as corrosion, the spread of diseases in aquaculture and the distribution of invasive species causing extensive damage to coastal ecosystems and the benefits derived from them. An estimated global annual total of $60 billion in fuel cost alone can be saved by the application of marine antifouling coatings, making the treatment of marine biofouling a necessity not an option.
Fluorescence microscopy without resolution limit (2004)

The diffraction limit to light microscope resolution, which was seen as an impassable barrier for a century, has recently been broken. Structured illumination light in combination with nonlinear phenomena allow theoretically unlimited resolution.
Relative Repellency and Lethality of the Neonicotinoids Thiamethoxam and Acetamiprid and an Acetamiprid/Bifenthrin Combination to <I>Reticulitermes flavipes</I> Termites (2008)

Field-collected Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) termites were placed in bioassay tubes containing soil treated with one of three termiticides: thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, or a combination of acetamiprid + bifenthrin. In the bioassay tubes, treated soil was placed in a layer centered within untreated sand between two 1.5-cm agar plugs. All termiticides were tested at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ppm with narrow (1 mm), medium (5 mm), and broad (50 mm) thicknesses of treated soil. Soil penetration and termite mortality were measured after 7 d, and repellency was assessed. Thiamethoxam treatments allowed the greatest soil penetration, whereas acetamiprid + bifenthrin treatments were the most inhibitory to soil penetration. Thiamethoxam treatments also caused consistently greater termite mortality than acetamiprid treatments. These data indicated that acetamiprid prevented soil penetration by termites more than thiamethoxam, although both were less repellent compared with bifenthrin alone, which causes little termite mortality at the tested doses. When there was direct contact of treated soil with the agar plugs in broad treatments, the combination of acetamiprid + bifenthrin was more toxic to R. flavipes termites than either acetamiprid or thiamethoxam alone. The combination acetamiprid + bifenthrin termiticide may be effective in keeping termites away from the treated soil, because of the combined effects of acetamiprid and bifenthrin.
An Analytical Theory of Piezoresistive Effects in Hall Plates with Large Contacts (2018)

Four-terminal transducers can be used to measure the magnetic field via the Hall effect or the mechanical stress via the piezoresistance effect. Both effects are described by an anisotropic conductivity tensor with small offdiagonal elements. This has led other authors to the conclusion that there is some kind of analogy. In both cases the output voltage depends on the geometry of the device and the size of the contacts. For Hall plates this influence is accounted for by the Hall-geometry factor. The alleged analogy proposes that the Hall-geometry factor also applies to four-terminal stress transducers. This paper shows that the analogy holds only for a limited class of devices. Moreover, it is shown that devices of different geometries may have identical magnetic field sensitivity but different mechanical stress sensitivities. Thus, shape optimization makes sense for mechanical stress sensors. In extreme cases the output voltages of vertical Hall-effect devices may have notable magnetic field sensitivity but zero mechanical stress sensitivity. As byproduct, exact analytical formulae for the equivalent resistor circuit of rectangular and circular devices with two perpendicular mirror symmetries are given. They allow for an accurate description of how mechanical stress and deformation affect the output offset voltage and the magnetic sensitivity of Hall-effect devices.
Operation of Packed-Bed Reactors Studied in Microgravity (2004)

The operation of a packed bed reactor (PBR) involves gas and liquid flowing simultaneously through a fixed-bed of solid particles. Depending on the application, the particles can be various shapes and sizes but are generally designed to force the two fluid phases through a tortuous route of narrow channels connecting the interstitial space. The PBR is the most common type of reactor in industry because it provides for intimate contact and high rates of transport between the phases needed to sustain chemical or biological reactions. The packing may also serve as either a catalyst or as a support for growing biological material. Furthermore, this type of reactor is relatively compact and requires minimal power to operate. This makes it an excellent candidate for unit operations in support of long-duration human space activities.
Figure S3 from Preneoplastic Alterations Define CLL DNA Methylome and Persist through Disease Progression and Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Methylation dynamics across CLL progression&lt;/p&gt;
Lung Natural Killer Cells Play a Major Counter-Regulatory Role in Pulmonary Vascular Hyperpermeability After Myocardial Infarction (2013)

This study is the first to identify a critical role for lung NK cells in protecting lung from the development of cardiogenic pulmonary edema after myocardial infarction.
Ultraviolet-induced Bragg gratings in different core size ridge waveguides and birefringence control (2004)

A simple numerical method is developed to analyze changes in intrinsic birefringence of ridge waveguides with waveguide dimensions and UV irradiation. Experimentally, Bragg gratings were written on different core size ridge waveguides using the phase mask technique and ArF laser irradiation. By monitoring the shifts in Bragg wavelength with UV irradiation, the variation of the waveguide birefringence with waveguide dimension and UV processing is observed and quantified. The mechanism of the waveguide birefringence controlled with UV irradiation is verified both in the theoretical analysis and experiment.
Dynamic gating window technique for the reduction of dosimetric error in respiratory‐gated spot‐scanning particle therapy: An initial phantom study using patient tumor trajectory data (2020)

Spot-scanning particle therapy possesses advantages, such as high conformity to the target and efficient energy utilization compared with those of the passive scattering irradiation technique. However, this irradiation technique is sensitive to target motion. In the current clinical situation, some motion management techniques, such as respiratory-gated irradiation, which uses an external or internal surrogate, have been clinically applied. In surrogate-based gating, the size of the gating window is fixed during the treatment in the current treatment system. In this study, we propose a dynamic gating window technique, which optimizes the size of gating window for each spot by considering a possible dosimetric error. The effectiveness of the dynamic gating window technique was evaluated by simulating irradiation using a moving target in a water phantom. In dosimetric characteristics comparison, the dynamic gating window technique exhibited better performance in all evaluation volumes with different effective depths compared with that of the fixed gate approach. The variation of dosimetric characteristics according to the target depth was small in dynamic gate compared to fixed gate. These results suggest that the dynamic gating window technique can maintain an acceptable dose distribution regardless of the target depth. The overall gating efficiency of the dynamic gate was approximately equal or greater than that of the fixed gating window. In dynamic gate, as the target depth becomes shallower, the gating efficiency will be reduced, although dosimetric characteristics will be maintained regardless of the target depth. The results of this study suggest that the proposed gating technique may potentially improve the dose distribution. However, additional evaluations should be undertaken in the future to determine clinical applicability by assuming the specifications of the treatment system and clinical situation.
Signal decay and amplitude measurements of antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic recording media (2002)

Using a conventional spin stand we have investigated the recording and decay processes of antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) longitudinal magnetic media. For AFC media with thick lower layers, both the signal amplitude and decay oscillate when measured as a function of transition density. Using heads with different write-pole geometries, we find that the oscillation frequency scales with the thickness of the write pole, from which we conclude that the magnetic field at the trailing edge of the write head is sufficiently large to write transitions into the lower layer of the AFC media.