gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design Method of Freeform Off-Axis Multi-Mirror Optical Systems (2022)

A data point calculation method that does not require the use of Fermat′s principle and a simple and general design method of starting points of freeform off-axis multi-mirror optical systems are proposed in this paper, which aim to promote the realization of high-performance reflective systems containing freeform surfaces. Taking a planar system and the required parameters as the input, a good starting point for a freeform off-axis multi-mirror system can be automatically obtained using the proposed method. The design of a freeform off-axis five-mirror system with a low F-number is taken as an example to show the effectiveness of the proposed method. The method can also be used for the design of freeform reflective systems with other numbers of mirrors.
Effect of Graphene on Differentiation and Mineralization of Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Poly(4-vinylpyridine) Matrix in Vitro (2019)

We have investigated the influence of graphene nanoplatelet scaffolds for dental pulp cells (DPSCs) made from poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) either via spin-casting flat films or electrospinning nano- and microscale fibers. We found that graphene predominated over other factors in promoting differentiation of DPSCs. In the absence of graphene, real-time-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses indicated that the DPSCs differentiated along odontogenic lineages only on the nano- and microelectrospun scaffolds. Closer scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging revealed formation of banded collagen structures, which nucleated on the electrospun fibers in the absence of graphene. Biomineral deposition was templated on these fibers, with mineral to protein ratios similar to dentin. In the microfibers, the graphene was completely encapsulated and appeared to hinder biomineralization. Previously minimal biomineralization and banded collagen were observed on flat spun cast substrates. Addition of graphene appeared to induce nucleation of banded collagen fibers and template biomineral deposition. Addition of graphene did not affect the outcome of the DPSCs cultured on the nanofibers, which biomineralized regardless of graphene inclusion. Based on these results, we hypothesize that direct contact with graphene is the primary factor determining differentiation of the DPSCs. On the flat surface and nanoscale electrospun fibers, the graphene protrudes from the sample enabling direct contact with the extracellular matrix (ECM) and cells, while on the microfibers, the graphene is fully encapsulated within the matrix. TUNA imaging with scanning force microscopy showed enhanced conductivity on fibers with encapsulated graphene, which we hypothesize may change the conformation of adsorbed ECM proteins, affecting DPSCs differentiation.
The High-Pressure/High-Temperature Completion Landscape—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow (2015)

Summary High-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) wells demand the highest-performance equipment and services for the safe and successful completion of these high-risk and high-cost projects. The demands associated with logging, shoe-track isolation, equipment longevity and service life, completion and intervention options, and regulatory compliance push the limits of materials and services. The successful completion of HP/HT wells requires advanced materials evaluations, collaboration among many disciplines, and sufficient time for product development and assessment to meet current industry and regulatory standards. The tools used in HP/HT completions are usually developed to meet the demands of a well or a family of wells. These tools include, but are not limited to, wellbore-isolation plugs, production packers, liner hangers, perforating guns, casing-collar-locator (CCL) tools, formation-evaluation tools, seal assemblies, and subsurface safety valves. The methods used for HP/HT tool development are evolving, and the development cycles are lengthening, particularly for ultra-HP/HT applications in which materials screening and stability assessments are required. The development of tools for several recent Gulf of Mexico ultra-HP/HT wells required a multiyear schedule for development to industry and regulatory requirements. Because of their extreme depths, ultra-HP/HT wells are typically constructed architecture emphasizing small production casings across production intervals. This complicates cementing procedures, and severely limits product options. From an intervention standpoint, work-string options also become limited. Achieving mechanical success in these applications requires the operator to manage not only traditional resources such as time, people, and cash, but also the development of new high-performance technologies in an evolving regulatory environment. What can the industry anticipate for future HP/HT wells in terms of architecture, product development, and regulatory challenges? This paper reviews the industry’s history in these areas, identifies current development paradigms, and discusses the future challenges in well planning and product development.
Enhancement of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Using Nanostructured Surfaces on Aluminum and Copper (2009)

System energy management and cooling for future advanced lasers, radars, and power electronics is gaining importance, resulting in an intense search for technologies and design techniques to dissipate ultra-high heat fluxes, reduce system energy usage, and increase system efficiencies. We report enhanced pool boiling critical heat fluxes (CHF) at reduced wall superheat on nanostructured Al and Cu substrates, which are commonly used in advanced electronics cooling applications. Nanostructured surfaces were realized by using a low temperature nanomaterial deposition process, Microreactor-assisted-nanomaterial-deposition (MAND™). Using this technique we deposited ZnO nano-structures on Al and Cu substrates. We varied a number of parameters such as micro-/nano-structure morphologies, pore sizes, densities, and their inter-connectivity to identify optimal morphologies. These surfaces displayed typical pore sizes of 50–100 nm with pore densities of about 100–200 per μm2 and hydrophilic/super-hydrophilic characteristics with measured contact angles as low as 0°. We have demonstrated the capability to control MAND™ processes to create static contact angle from about 58° to near 0° for ZnO on Al surfaces and 80° to about 40° for zeolite texturing on Si surfaces. Average roughness measured using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was in the range of 200–600 nm. Pool boiling refers to boiling under natural convection and nucleate boiling conditions, where the heating surface is submerged in a large body of stagnant liquid and the relative motion of the vapor bubble and its surrounding liquid is primarily due to buoyancy effect. We have focused to date on water as test liquid, but have future plans for investigating HFE 7100. We observed pool boiling CHF of 80–82.5 W/cm2 for nanostructured ZnO on Al surfaces versus a CHF of 23.2 W/cm2 on a bare Al surface with a wall superheat reduction of 25–38 °C. These new CHF values on ZnO nanostructured surfaces correspond to a boiling heat transfer coefficient as high as ∼23000 W/m2K. This represents an increase of almost 4X in CHF on nano-textured surfaces, which is contrary to conventional boiling heat transfer theory. We will discuss our current data, compare the behavior with conventional boiling theory, and compare with similar recent boiling heat transfer data on other nano-scale surfaces by other researchers. We are currently investigating these surfaces under forced convection conditions in microchannels to assess their flow boiling capabilities.
Dual-wavelength source based optical circuit switching and wavelength reconfiguration in multi-hop ROADM systems (2017)

Using a dual-wavelength source, a single optical signal is distributed over two wavelengths. This approach is used to reduce power excursions due to optical circuit switching in ROADM systems. In a multi-hop optical transmission system with 100Gbps PM-QPSK signals switched over five ROADMs and 265 km of single mode fiber (SMF), power excursions are kept within +/- 0.2 dB using dual-wavelength sources. A cumulative distribution function (CDF) of channel power excursions is generated from measurements of over 100 random channel loadings for four different channel loading plans. Using dual-wavelength sources, power excursions of up to +/- 6 dB are reduced below +/- 1.5 dB for 99% and +/- 0.5 dB for 71.4% of the cases while switching up to 30 channels. (C) 2017 Optical Society of America
Synthesis of Pyrroles Through the CuH-Catalyzed Coupling of Enynes and Nitriles (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Herein, we describe an efficient method to prepare polysubstituted pyrroles via a copper-hydride (CuH)-catalyzed enyne-nitrile coupling reaction. This protocol accommodates both aromatic and aliphatic substituents and a broad range of functional groups, providing a variety of N-H pyrroles in good yields and with high regioselectivity. We propose that the Cu-based catalyst promotes both the initial reductive coupling and subsequent cyclization steps. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to elucidate the reaction mechanism.&lt;/p&gt;
Chemokine and Inflammation. (1999)

ケモカインは白血球遊走・活性化作用を有する塩基性のヘパリン結合性蛋白質の総称である. 多くのケモカインには一次構造上保存されたところに4つのシステインが存在し, 最初の二つのシステイン間のアミノ酸の数により現在4つのサブファミリーに分類されている. なかでもCXCサブファミリーのIL-8とCCサブファミリーのMCAF/MCP-1は, その後のケモカイン研究の発端となった分子であり, ケモカインのプロトタイプと考えられる. これらの分子の生体内での作用については様々な炎症疾患モデルを用いた検討が行われ, その in vivo での重要性が明らかにされており, これらをターゲットとした新しい抗炎症剤の開発が期待されている. 最近のケモカイン研究の新しい展開として, ケモカインが単に炎症・免疫反応に関わるのみならず, 生理周期発情後期の子宮への好中球浸潤の制御や出産時の頸管熟成に関与することが明らかにされている. さらに, リンパ球のホーミングの制御, 造血幹細胞の増殖, 骨髄から末梢血への動員にも関与することが示唆されている. またケモカインレセプターはAIDSの原因ウイルスであるHIVが細胞に侵入する際のコレセプターとして働くことが判明し, ケモカインレセプターを標的としたAIDS治療のための新たな薬剤開発への期待をもたらしている. 今後さらなる研究を通じて, 生物学上様々な現象にケモカインが関与することが明らかになるものと思われる.
Phase Noise and Dispersion in integrated Silicon Nitride based Kerr-Comb generators (2012)

We report on measurements of phase noise dynamics of microwave beat notes observed in low repetition rate silicon nitride based Kerr-comb generators and relate them to results from dispersion simulations and measurements.
Synthesis of Complex Druglike Molecules by the Use of Highly Functionalized Bench‐Stable Organozinc Reagents (2016)

Abstract The reactivity of a representative set of 17 organozinc pivalates with 18 polyfunctional druglike electrophiles (informers) in Negishi cross‐coupling reactions was evaluated by high‐throughput experimentation protocols. The high‐fidelity scaleup of successful reactions in parallel enabled the isolation of sufficient material for biological testing, thus demonstrating the high value of these new solid zinc reagents in a drug‐discovery setting and potentially for many other applications in chemistry. Principal component analysis (PCA) clearly defined the independent roles of the zincates and the informers toward druggable‐space coverage.
M1 protein and protein H: IgGFc- and albumin-binding streptococcal surface proteins encoded by adjacent genes (1994)

M1 protein and Protein H are surface proteins simultaneously present at the surface of certain strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, important pathogenic bacteria in humans. The present study concerns the structure, protein-binding properties and relationship between these two molecules. The gene encoding M1 protein (emm1) was found immediately upstream of the Protein H gene (sph). Both genes were preceded by a promoter region. Comparison of the sequences revealed a high degree of similarity in the signal peptides, the C repeats located in the central parts of the molecules and in the C-terminal cell-wall-attached regions, whereas the N-terminal sequences showed no significant similarity. Protein H has affinity for the Fc region of IgG antibodies. Also M1 protein, isolated from streptococcal culture supernatants or from Escherichia coli expressing emm1, was found to bind human IgGFc. When tested against polyclonal IgG from eight other mammalian species, M1 protein and Protein H both showed affinity for baboon, rabbit and pig IgG. M1 protein also reacted with guinea-pig IgG, whereas both streptococcal proteins were negative in binding experiments with rat, mouse, bovine and horse IgG. The two proteins were also tested against other members of the immunoglobulin super family: human IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE, beta 2-microglobulin, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I and class-II antigens. M1 protein showed no affinity for any of these molecules whereas Protein H reacted with MHC class-II antigens. M1 protein is known to bind albumin and fibrinogen also. The binding sites for these two plasma proteins and for IgGFc were mapped to different sites on M1 protein. Thus albumin bound to the C repeats and IgGFc to a region (S) immediately N-terminal of the C repeats. Finally, fibrinogen bound further towards the N-terminus but close to the IgGFc-binding site. On the fibrinogen molecule, fragment D was found to mediate binding to M1 protein. The IgGFc-binding region of M1 protein showed no similarity to that of Protein H. Still, competitive binding experiments demonstrated that the two streptococcal proteins bound to overlapping sites on IgGFc.
Identification of benzazole compounds that induce HIV-1 transcription (2017)

Despite advances in antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 infection remains incurable in patients and continues to present a significant public health burden worldwide. While a number of factors contribute to persistent HIV-1 infection in patients, the presence of a stable, long-lived reservoir of latent provirus represents a significant hurdle in realizing an effective cure. One potential strategy to eliminate HIV-1 reservoirs in patients is reactivation of latent provirus with latency reversing agents in combination with antiretroviral therapy, a strategy termed "shock and kill". This strategy has shown limited clinical effectiveness thus far, potentially due to limitations of the few therapeutics currently available. We have identified a novel class of benzazole compounds effective at inducing HIV-1 expression in several cellular models. These compounds do not act via histone deacetylase inhibition or T cell activation, and show specificity in activating HIV-1 in vitro. Initial exploration of structure-activity relationships and pharmaceutical properties indicates that these compounds represent a potential scaffold for development of more potent HIV-1 latency reversing agents.
Involvement of multiple basic amino acids in yeast ribosomal protein L1 in 5S rRNA recognition. (1995)

The role of basic amino acid residues located at the C-terminal region of the yeast ribosomal protein L1 in 5S rRNA binding was characterized in vitro and in vivo. Mutant proteins containing single or multiple amino acid substitutions were generated by site-directed mutagenesis of the L1 gene carried on a plasmid. In vitro RNP formation was examined by production of the mutant protein in the presence of the RNA molecule. The thermostability of the resultant RNP was also studied. Effects of these mutations on cell viability and ribosome assembly were characterized by transformation of a conditional null L1 yeast mutant with the mutated L1 gene expressed from the plasmid. Substitution of any one of the lysine or arginine residue did not affect significantly RNA binding in vitro or cell growth in vivo. However, several mutant proteins with substitutions of two of these basic amino acids bound RNA weakly and the RNPs were less stable. Cells expressing these mutant proteins were lethal. Theoretical structural prediction of these amino acids further provided information regarding their collective contributions to RNA recognition and to interaction between the RNP and other components of the 60S ribosomal subunit.
TULA-family proteins are key to the regulation of T-cell-driven inflammatory response. (50.1) (2011)

Abstract The TULA-family consists of two proteins implicated in cellular regulation. TULA-1 is expressed in T-cells and is pro-apoptotic. TULA-2 is a ubiquitously expressed phosphatase that suppresses receptor-mediated signaling. T-cells from mice lacking TULA-1 and 2 (dKO) are hypersensitive to TCR stimulation. This may be due to these proteins having a similar function working synergistically or dissimilar functions having a convergent effect. To understand functional interaction of these proteins we have characterized TULA-family knockout mice without and during an immune challenge. We show that CD4+ T cells of dKO mice have an atypical CD45RB distribution, and that within this subset memory T-cells are expanded only in dKO not in single TULA knockouts. However, CD4+ T-cells of single knockout and wild-type mice respond differently to TCR stimulation as seen using signaling and responses in vitro. To evaluate consequences of TULA deficiency in vivo, we utilize two mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease: TNBS-induced colitis and colitis induced by the adoptive transfer of CD45RBHigh CD4+ T-cells. Studies utilizing TNBS indicate that deficiency of any TULA-family protein exacerbates TNBS-induced colitis. Likewise, dKO CD45RBHigh CD4+ T cells were significantly more colitogenic than cells from WT mice in the transfer model. Taken together, our data indicate that TULA-family proteins are key to the physiological regulation of T-cell reactivity that drives intestinal inflammation.
Wire Elements: Dipoles, Monopoles, and Loops (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Dipole and Monopole Antennas Loop Antennas References
Intrazeolite metal carbonyl kinetics:12CO substitution in Mo(12CO)6-Na56Y by PMe3and13CO (1991)

The first kinetic study is reported for archetypical substitution reactions of PMe3 and 13CO with the well defined intrazeolite system, Mo(12CO)6-Na56Y, for which excellent isosbestic points and first order behaviour are obtained, the activation parameters indicate a highly ordered ‘supramolecular’ transition state consisting of activated Mo(12CO)6 and PMe3 or 13CO all anchored to the Na+ ions in the α-cage of the host lattice.
Proceedings of the Tenth International Workshop on Data Management on New Hardware (2014)

The aim of this one-day workshop is to bring together researchers who are interested in optimizing database performance on modern computing infrastructure by designing new data management techniques and tools.
Adaptive Digital Controller and Design Considerations for a Variable Switching Frequency Voltage Regulator (2009)

An auto-tuning adaptive digital controller with maximum efficiency point tracking to optimize dc-dc converter switching frequency is presented in this paper. The adaptive-frequency-optimization (AFO) controller adjusts the dc-dc converter switching frequency while tracking the converter minimum input power (maximum efficiency) point under variable operation conditions of the power converter. The AFO digital controller continuously finds the optimum switching frequency that will result in minimum total power loss while converter parameters and conditions vary. Moreover, the presented controller addresses the issues that are associated with implementing variable switching frequency in digital controllers, including limit cycle oscillation and possible performance degradation, by using a dynamic algorithm to maintain converter system stability under variable switching frequency operation. In this paper, the proposed controller is discussed, analyzed, and its digital control algorithms and experimental results are presented.
Real-life outcome of anti-tumor necrosis factor α in the ambulatory treatment of ulcerative colitis (2015)

Real-life remission rates of ulcerative colitis under anti-TNFα are overall low, but some patients have a clear long-term benefit.
Elderly Patients with Early-Unfavorable Stage Hodgkin’s Disease (HD) Have a Poorer Outcome When Treated with Combined Modality Treatment and Extended Field Radiotherapy (EF): A Retrospective Analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group. (2004)

Abstract Purpose: The HD8 study of the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) demonstrated that involved field (IF) radiotherapy is equally effective when compared with EF radiotherapy after four cycles of chemotherapy (2 x COPP/ABVD). Since there are indications that elderly patients with HD might fare worse depending on the type of treatment applied, we revisited the HD8 data for possible differences between younger and older patients. Methods and results: A total of 1204 patients were randomised to receive two double cycles of COPP/ABVD and either 30 Gy EF + 10 Gy bulk or 30 Gy IF + 10 Gy bulk. Of these, 98 evaluable patients were older than 60 years and 1038 patients were younger than 60 years. In general, there were more risk factors such as B-symptoms, elevated ESR, and poorer Karnofski index in the elderly group. On the other hand, there were fewer bulky tumours, large mediastinal tumours and a lower number of lymph node areas involved in elderly patients. The toxicity of treatment was more pronounced in elderly patients with 76 of 96 patients experiencing chemotoxicity Grade III or IV (79%) compared with 699 of 1018 (69%) in those younger than 60 years. After a median follow up of 52 months, the 5-year-FFTF was 85% in younger patients and 63% in patients older than 60 years (p &amp;lt;0.001). The 5-year-overall survival was 94% for patients younger than 60 years and 66% for patients older than 60 years (p &amp;lt; 0.001). In addition, patients older than 60 years treated with EF had a trend for worse FFTF and overall survival compared to those receiving IF radiotherapy. Conclusion: Event-free and overall survival of patients older than 60 years old are worse compared with younger patients. In particular, patients older than 60 years receiving EF radiotherapy had a poorer prognosis.
RF and signal processing technologies for 4G mobile networks (2013)

To realize extremely high data rate of 50M-1Gbps in the 4G era, innovative circuit technologies for wider bandwidth and higher spectrum efficiency are required. In addition, some technical problems arise from increasing network density. For these technical challenges, we are developing the system technologies of inter-cell interference coordination and flexible mobile backhaul, and the circuit technologies of carrier-aggregation transmitters, highly efficient digital transmitters, and high-speed signal processing; these technologies enable to reduce operator's Total Cost of Ownership (TCO).
Integration of a clinical trial database with a PACS (2014)

Many clinical trials use Electronic Case Report Forms (ECRF), e.g., from OpenClinica. Trial data is augmented if DICOM scans, dose cubes, etc. from the Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) are included for data mining. Unfortunately, there is as yet no structured way to collect DICOM objects in trial databases. In this paper, we obtain a tight integration of ECRF and PACS using open source software. Methods: DICOM identifiers for selected images/series/studies are stored in associated ECRF events (e.g., baseline) as follows: 1) JavaScript added to OpenClinica communicates using HTML with a gateway server inside the hospitals firewall; 2) On this gateway, an open source DICOM server runs scripts to query and select the data, returning anonymized identifiers; 3) The scripts then collects, anonymizes, zips and transmits selected data to a central trial server; 4) Here data is stored in a DICOM archive which allows authorized ECRF users to view and download the anonymous images associated with each event. Results: All integration scripts are open source. The PACS administrator configures the anonymization script and decides to use the gateway in passive (receiving) mode or in an active mode going out to the PACS to gather data. Our ECRF centric approach supports automatic data mining by iterating over the cases in the ECRF database, providing the identifiers to load images and the clinical data to correlate with image analysis results. Conclusions: Using open source software and web technology, a tight integration has been achieved between PACS and ECRF.