gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discrete, Cationic Palladium(II)‐Oxo Clusters via f‐Metal Ion Incorporation and their Macrocyclic Host‐Guest Interactions with Sulfonatocalixarenes (2022)

Abstract We report on the discovery of the first two examples of cationic palladium(II)‐oxo clusters (POCs) containing f ‐metal ions, [Pd II 6 O 12 M 8 {(CH 3 ) 2 AsO 2 } 16 (H 2 O) 8 ] 4+ (M=Ce IV , Th IV ), and their physicochemical characterization in the solid state, in solution and in the gas phase. The molecular structure of the two novel POCs comprises an octahedral {Pd 6 O 12 } 12− core that is capped by eight M IV ions, resulting in a cationic, cubic assembly {Pd 6 O 12 M IV 8 } 20+ , which is coordinated by a total of 16 terminal dimethylarsinate and eight water ligands, resulting in the mixed Pd II ‐Ce IV /Th IV oxo‐clusters [Pd II 6 O 12 M 8 {(CH 3 ) 2 AsO 2 } 16 (H 2 O) 8 ] 4+ (M=Ce, Pd 6 Ce 8 ; Th, Pd 6 Th 8 ). We have also studied the formation of host‐guest inclusion complexes of Pd 6 Ce 8 and Pd 6 Th 8 with anionic 4‐sulfocalix[ n ]arenes ( n =4, 6, 8), resulting in the first examples of discrete, enthalpically‐driven supramolecular assemblies between large metal‐oxo clusters and calixarene‐based macrocycles. The POCs were also found to be useful as pre‐catalysts for electrocatalytic CO 2 ‐reduction and HCOOH‐oxidation.
Putting searchers into search (2014)

Over the last two decades the information retrieval landscape has changed dramatically. Twenty years ago, there were fewer than 3k web sites and the earliest web search engines indexed approximately 50k pages. Today, search engines index billions of web pages, images, videos, news, music, social media, books, etc., and have become the main entry point for a wide range of information, services, communications and entertainment. Despite these tremendous accomplishments, we still have a long way to go. Many searches are unsuccessful, and even those that succeed are often harder than they should be. To address these challenges we need to extend our evaluation methods to handle the diversity of searchers, tasks, and interactivity that characterize information systems today. I will discuss recent work on user modeling and temporal dynamics of information systems to illustrate the power of utilizing converging lines of evidence from laboratory, panel, and large-scale log techniques to understand and support searchers.
NitroGen (2013)

Constructing a mobile application is expensive and time consuming. In this paper, we present NitroGen which is a platform independent tool that provides a consumable integrated set of capabilities to construct mobile solutions aiming at reducing development and maintenance costs. NitroGen is a visual, mostly codeless, cloud-based platform to construct mobile applications. It can easily connect to back-end services thus enable fast and facile development in enterprises. Evaluating NitroGen, we found among others, that participants learned it fast and found it simple and suitable for mobile applications development.
Multi-robot multi-object rearrangement in assignment space (2012)

We present Assignment Space Planning, a new efficient robot multi-agent coordination algorithm for the PSPACE-hard problem of multi-robot multi-object push rearrangement. In both simulated and real robot experiments, we demonstrate that our method produces optimal solutions for simple problems and exhibits novel emergent behaviors for complex scenarios. Assignment Space takes advantage of the domain structure by splitting the planning up into three stages, effectively reducing the search space size and enabling the planner to produce optimized plans in seconds. Our algorithm finds solutions of comparable quality to complete configuration space search while reducing the computing time to seconds, which allows our approach to be applied in practical scenarios in real-time.
Combining GPR and EMI data for discrimination of multiple subsurface metallic objects (2004)

Cleanup of subsurface metallic objects such as unexploded ordnance (UXO) constitutes an urgent problem worldwide. The heart of the problem is discrimination, as opposed to detection. Ultra-wideband electromagnetic induction sensors (UWB EMI), operating from a few Hz up to 100s of kHz, have shown considerable promise in subsurface discrimination of metallic objects. Unfortunately, a great many objects, including widespread clutter items, produce very broad, smooth EMI signal patterns, over a number of decades of frequency. Shape identification is complicated by the sensitivity of EMI fields to metal type. UWB ground penetrating radar (GPR) has also shown definite discrimination capability for characterizing subsurface metallic targets. Uninfluenced by metal type, GPR is capable of registering complex natural resonances from which target length can be estimated. Further, examination of the spatial patterns of GPR signals can indicate the (X,Y,Z) locations of targets, even of multiple targets present simultaneously in the incident beam. In this paper we consider potential collaborative roles of UWB GPR and UWB EMI for discrimination of multiple subsurface metallic objects. Rigorous 3-D FDTD models demonstrate GPR's ability to estimate target positions, orientations, and length even when reflections overlap. These data can then be used to constrain inversion of UWB EMI patterns. Processing of EMI measurements based on prior estimates of object location and orientation successfully extracts distinct frequency response signatures for two very closely spaced objects.
Precipitation Behavior of Sulfides in Ti-added Ultra Low-carbon Steels in Austenite. (1994)

The influences of S and Ti contents as well as slab reheating temperature on the precipitation behavior of sulfides in hot-rolled bands in Ti-added ultra low-carbon steels have been investigated. The results obtained are as follows: In the specimens with the same 0.020/ Ti content, Ti4C.S= decreases and TiS increases in numberas S content increasses while in the specimens with the same O.008/ S content, TiS decreases and Ti4C2S2increases in numberas Ti content increases. The number of TiS increases when the slab reheating temperature is high.
Implementation and evaluation of an IPT battery charging system in assisting grid frequency stabilisation through Dynamic Demand Control (2010)

The paper presents a hands free Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) system for charging Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries using a technique called dynamic demand control (DDC). A typical IPT system comprises a power supply, a pair of magnetic pads for wireless power coupling and a power regulator to drive the load as required. DDC enables suitable domestic appliances to assist grid stabilisation by adjusting their power demand according to the utility frequency variation. This paper explains the conceptual design of a wireless power charging system that includes DDC and details the experimental set up for an emulated erratic isolated power network which combines a variable speed drive, an induction motor and an AC generator. The measured performance of the emulated power network generator frequency without DDC varies between 47 Hz to 53Hz, but this same network frequency is maintained within a preset window of 49.5 Hz to 50.5 Hz when DDC is activated in the IPT battery charging system. Consequently EV charging systems employing DDC control could potentially act as a grid stabilising load, enabling increased penetration of fluctuating sources of energy (such as wind) in the generation mix..
Excited State Absorption And Optical Nonlinearities Of Metallophthalocyanines And Naphthalocyanines In Solution (1990)

Picosecond and nanosecond studies of nonlinear absorption and refraction in solutions of phthalocyanines are presented. The importance of excited state absorption and the implications for optical limiters will be discussed.
A Monocyte‐Aggregating Factor in the Sera of Patients with Sarcoidosis (1986)

Abstract Sarcoidosis sera were shown to have higher activity in aggregating normal human monocytes than normal human sera. A kinetic study suggested that monocytes may not be sensitive to the aggregating activity of sarcoidosis serum until they develop to some extent into macrophages. Gel filtration of sarcoidosis sera on Sephadex G‐200 showed that the major factor responsible for monocyte aggregation had the molecular weight of about 130,000. This major aggregating factor was unable to increase cell size of normal human monocytes or to increase phagocytosis and glucose consumption of normal human monocytes. It did have the ability to form multinucleate giant cells.
Linearized Multi-Sampling for Differentiable Image Transformation (2019)

We propose a novel image sampling method for differentiable image transformation in deep neural networks. The sampling schemes currently used in deep learning, such as Spatial Transformer Networks, rely on bilinear interpolation, which performs poorly under severe scale changes, and more importantly, results in poor gradient propagation. This is due to their strict reliance on direct neighbors. Instead, we propose to generate random auxiliary samples in the vicinity of each pixel in the sampled image, and create a linear approximation with their intensity values. We then use this approximation as a differentiable formula for the transformed image. We demonstrate that our approach produces more representative gradients with a wider basin of convergence for image alignment, which leads to considerable performance improvements when training networks for registration and classification tasks. This is not only true under large downsampling, but also when there are no scale changes. We compare our approach with multi-scale sampling and show that we outperform it. We then demonstrate that our improvements to the sampler are compatible with other tangential improvements to Spatial Transformer Networks and that it further improves their performance.
Stem cells for cell replacement therapy: A therapeutic strategy for HD? (2014)

Much interest has been expressed over the last couple of decades in the potential application of stem cells to medicine, both for research and diagnostic tools and as a source of donor cells for therapeutic purposes. Potential therapeutic applications include replacement of cells in many body organs where the capacity for intrinsic repair is limited, including the pancreas, heart, and brain. A key challenge is to generate the relevant donor cell types, and this is particularly challenging in the brain where the number of different neuronal subtypes is so great. Although dopamine neuron replacement in Parkinson's disease has been the focus of most clinical studies, great interest has been shown in this approach for other disorders, including Huntington's disease. Replacing complete neural circuits in the adult brain is clearly challenging, and there are many other complexities with regard to both donor cells and host. This article presents the pros and cons of taking a cell therapy approach in Huntington's disease. It considers the implantation both of cells that are already of the same neural subtype as those lost in the disease process (ie, primary fetal cells derived from the developing striatum) and those derived from stem cells, which require "directing" toward that phenotype.
Maximizing the bandwidth while minimizing the spectral fluctuations using supercontinuum generation in photonic crystal chalcogenide fibers (2013)

Recent computational work to optimize the output spectrum of As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> and As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers is summarized. Design procedures for both maximizing the output bandwidth and maximizing the power spectral density in the 3-5 <i>&mu;</i>m range are described. With a 2.5<i>&mu;</i>m pulsed pump source, it is possible to obtain a bandwidth of 4 <i>&mu;</i>m in As<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> fibers, and, with a 2.0 <i>&mu;</i>m pulsed pump source, it is possible to shift 25% of the input power to the 3-5 <i>&mu;</i>m range in As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>. With a source at 2.8 <i>&mu;</i>m, it is possible to obtain an output power spectral density in As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> that extends between 2.5 <i>&mu;</i>m and 6.5 <i>&mu;</i>m. The single-shot output power spectral density exhibits rapid 10-20 dB fluctuations as the wavelength varies. Moreover, when the pump pulse duration and peak power vary, there are substantial shot-to-shot fluctuations in both the output bandwidth and spectral power density. With 10% variations of the pump pulse duration and peak power, the output spectrum averaged over 5000 shots exhibits less than 5 dB of variation in the intermediate wavelength range of 2.8-4.6 <i>&mu;</i>m and has a reproducible bandwidth of slightly less than 3 <i>&mu;</i>m. The average over 5000 shots yields the same output spectrum with 10<sup>6</sup> shots, indicating that the spectrum has converged.
Development of whole garment formed on four-bed computerized flat knitting machine (2018)

Purpose The whole garment technology offers a solution for the production efficiency by directly knitting a seamless tubular garment. Due to its complexity, high requirements and few references, the technology has not been widely applied in mass production. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to show garment technology’s detailed design method, the technique calculation process and its merits compared than common technology. Design/methodology/approach This paper first analyzes the knitting principle of the four-bed computerized flat knitting machine from its configuration. After that, the design method is putted forward as well as the technique calculation process. To reveal the advantages of the whole garment technology, this paper builds a comprehensive evaluation system by comparing the knitting time, labor cost and the yarn consumption. Findings With the evaluation system, the whole garment technology is proved to be more productive, cost-saving and less materials-consuming. Moreover, this advantage stands more out when the machine gage is higher. Research limitations/implications Due to limited research time and references, this paper only presents the whole garment technology for knitting common and traditional styles. More complicated and fashioned garments can be studied in the future research. Practical implications The design method and technology presented in this paper can be used as a reference for both the designers in the manufacture industry and the scholars for academic research works. Originality/value This paper has presented the whole garment technology and a specific method for technique calculation with consideration of garment structures. It also builds a evaluation system to show the advantages in terms of knitting efficiency, labor cost and yarn consumption.
Complexity and Scientific Challenges (2018)

This chapter discusses the topics for which solutions exist, but which still pose scientific challenges and elements of complexity which would be helpful to discuss in detail. It describes physical models to detect collisions and the problem of the virtual human. The chapter then examines naturalness of the interaction, and proposes an analysis of force feedback. It also discusses the 3D interaction loop as the explanatory framework for the scientific challenges surrounding 3D interaction with virtual or mixed environments. This loop comes from the perception‐action loop, which is very often used in the literature to explain the challenges in virtual reality and augmented reality. In order to improve interaction, different sensory modalities of the user are brought into play: not only sight, but also hearing and touch are fundamental sensory modalities. The chapter finally identifies the scientific challenges related to these different sensory modalities.
GaN and digital electronics: A way out of Moore's law? (2009)

Abstract After forty years following Moore's law, Si digital electronics is reaching its limits, both in performance and in economic viability. In this paper we describe how nitride semiconductors can be combined with Si electronics to allow electronics to move beyond Moore's law and to enable new functionality. Three different research areas will be discussed: high performance digital circuits, high temperature electronics and heterogeneous integration of nitride and Si electronics. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
3,3′-(1,4-Dioxopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-3,6-diyl)dibenzonitrile dimethylacetamide disolvate (2006)

The title compound, C20H10N4O2·2C4H9NO, is a solvated centrosymmetric pigment mol­ecule (m-CN DPP) with the two dimethyl­acetamide (DMA) mol­ecules connected via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. One m-CN DPP mol­ecule is surrounded by six DMA mol­ecules in the crystal structure.
Observation of the decay B‾s0→ψ(2S)K+π− (2015)

The decay B 0 s (2S)K + -is observed using a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV.
Mechanical Amplifier for a Piezoelectric Transducer (2003)

A mechanical amplifier has been devised to multiply the stroke of a piezoelectric transducer (PZT) intended for use at liquid helium temperatures. Interferometry holds the key to high angular resolution imaging and astrometry in space. Future space missions that will detect planets around other solar systems and perform detailed studies of the evolution of stars and galaxies will use new interferometers that observe at mid- and far-infrared wavelengths. Phase-measurement interferometry is key to many aspects of astronomical interferometry, and PZTs are ideal modulators for most methods of phase measurement, but primarily at visible wavelengths. At far infrared wavelengths of 150 to 300 m, background noise is a severe problem and all optics must be cooled to about 4 K. Under these conditions, piezos are ill-suited as modulators, because their throw is reduced by as much as a factor of 2, and even a wavelength or two of modulation is beyond their capability. The largest commercially available piezo stacks are about 5 in. (12.7 cm) long and have a throw of about 180 m at room temperature and only 90 m at 4 K. It would seem difficult or impossible to use PZTs for phase measurements in the far infrared were it not for the new mechanical amplifier that was designed and built.
Abstract 17004: Intramyocardial Injection of Gelatinized Capillary-Alginate Hydrogel Enhances Recovery of LV Function Post-MI (2012)

We have developed a new injectable biomaterial composed of gelatinized capillary-alginate hydrogel. This degradable gel, termed CapGel-GT, forms a unique microstructure of parallel capillary-like channels. The diameter and density of the channels can be adjusted to facilitate cell, tissue and blood vessel ingrowth (Fig. 1A). Accordingly, via a 28G needle CapGel-GT was injected into the antero-septal left ventricular (LV) wall of normal rats (n=14) and the infarct border zone following permanent LAD ligation in rats with MI (n=65). LV function was assessed (echo) 48hrs following MI (week 0), at 4 weeks, and at 8 weeks. Control animals received no treatment following MI. CapGel-GT injection was not associated with increased mortality. Fractional shortening (FS) for rats receiving CapGel-GT was significantly higher at both week 4 and 8 echo assessments compared to week 0 as well as compared to FS of the control group animals at week 4 and 8 (Fig. 1F). Fractional area change was also significantly higher in t...
On Anomalous Diffusion of Devices in Molecular Communication Network (2022)

A one-dimensional (1-D) anomalous-diffusive molecular communication channel is considered, wherein the devices (transmitter (TX) and receiver (RX)) can move in either direction along the axis. For modeling the anomalous diffusion of information carrying molecules (ICM) as well as that of the TX and RX, the concept of time-scaled Brownian motion is explored. In this context, a novel closed-form expression for the first hitting time density (FHTD) is derived. Further, the derived FHTD is validated through particle-based simulation. For the transmission of binary information, the timing modulation is exploited. Furthermore, the channel is assumed as a binary erasure channel (BEC) and analyzed in terms of achievable information rate (AIR).
Dicarboxylic Acids, Aliphatic (2010)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Saturated Dicarboxylic Acids 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 2.3.1. Degradative Methods 2.3.2. Processes Maintaining the Carbon Structure 2.3.3. Syntheses from Smaller Units 2.4. Individual Saturated Dicarboxylic Acids 2.4.1. Succinic Acid 2.4.2. Glutaric Acid 2.4.3. Dimethylglutaric Acids 2.4.4. Trimethyladipic Acid 2.4.5. Pimelic Acid 2.4.6. Suberic Acid 2.4.7. Azelaic Acid 2.4.8. Sebacic Acid 2.4.9. 1,12‐Dodecanedioic Acid 2.4.10. 1,13‐Tridecanedioic Acid (Brassylic Acid) 2.4.11. C 19 Dicarboxylic Acids 3. Unsaturated Dicarboxylic Acids 3.1. Physical Properties 3.2. Chemical Properties 3.3. Production 3.4. Individual Unsaturated Dicarboxylic Acids 3.4.1. Itaconic Acid 3.4.2. Dimer Acids 4. Quality Specifications and Analysis 5. Storage, Transportation, and Handling
Visual analysis of next-generation sequencing data to detect overlapping genes in bacterial genomes (2011)

Next generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are about to revolutionize biological research. Being able to sequence large amounts of DNA or, indirectly, RNA sequences in a short time period opens numerous new possibilities. However, analyzing the large amounts of data generated in NGS is a serious challenge, which requires novel data analysis and visualization methods to allow the biological experimenter to understand the results. In this paper, we describe a novel system to deal with the flood of data generated by transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) using NGS. Our system allows the analyzer to get a quick overview of the data and interactively explore interesting regions based on the three important parameters coverage, transcription, and fit. In particular, our system supports the NGS analysis in the following respects: (1) Representation of the coverage sequence in a way that no artifacts are introduced. (2) Easy determination of a fit of an open reading frame (ORF) to a transcript by mapping the coverage sequence directly into the ORF representation. (3) Providing automatic support for finding interesting regions to address the problems that the overwhelming volume of data comes with. (4) Providing an overview representation that allows parameter tuning and enables quick access to interesting areas of the genome. We show the usefulness of our system by a case study in the area of overlapping gene detection in a bacterial genome.