gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Control of Flow Separation from the Slat Shoulder of a Supercritical Airfoil (2002)

Active flow control in the form of zero-mass-flux excitation was applied at the slat shoulder of a simplified high-lift airfoil to delay flow separation. The NASA Energy Efficient Transport (EET) supercritical airfoil was equipped with a 15% chord simply hinged leading edge slat and a 25% chord simply hinged trailing edge flap. The cruise configuration data was successfully reproduced, repeating previous experiments. The effects of flap and slat deflection angles on the performance of the airfoil integral parameters were quantified. Detailed flow features were measured as well, in an attempt to identify optimal actuator placement. The measurements included: steady and unsteady model and tunnel wall pressures, wake surveys, arrays of surface hot-films, flow visualization and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV). High frequency periodic excitation was applied to delay the occurrence of slat stall and improve the maximum lift by 10 to 15%. Low frequency amplitude modulation was used to reduce the oscillatory momentum coefficient by roughly 50% with similar aerodynamic performance.
Energy Balance and Methane Production of Hanwoo Cows Fed Various Kind of Roughage (2014)

본 연구는 다양한 사료들을 유지수준에서 섭취한 한우 암소 경산우의 에너지 대사 시험의 결과로 부터 섭취에너지 균형과 메탄배출계수를 구하였다. 오차드그라스(orchard grass) 위주의 혼합목건초 섭취 7두, 혼합목건초의 30~50% 를 볏짚으로 대체한 12두, 혼합목건초와 볏짚에 밀기울 (wheat bran) 1 kg 추가급여한 6두, 총 25 개체의 대사실험 성적을 분석하였다. 실험축은 10일간 대사틀에서 개체별로 각각의 실험사료 적응 및 7일간 분 뇨 시료채취 후, indirect respiratory chamber 1대에 교대로 수용되어 1일간 호흡대사 실험이 이루어졌다. 혼합목건초 단독 급여구와 비교하여 나머지 두 처리구의 평균 건물섭취량은 약 11%, 15% 높았으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었고, gross energy (GE) 섭취량도 차이가 없었다. 총 섭취에너지 중 메탄으로 손실된 에너지 비율인 메탄전변율(methane conversion rate, Ym)과 메탄배출계수(emission factor, kg/head/year)도 각각 0.055~0.062 (평균 0.058)와 33.6~38.6(평균 35.2) 범위로 처리간 유의성이 없었다. 본 실험에서는 혼합목건초를 볏짚으로 대체하거나 또는 밀기울 추가급여에 의한 메탄발생량 차이가 없었으나, 메탄발생량을 줄일 수 있는 것으로 알려진 양질 조사료 급여효과 연구는 축산현장의 온실가스 감축 사업 참여가 가능한 분야이기 때문에 추가 연구들을 통해 시급히 증명되어져야 된다고 판단된다. This experiment was conducted to determine methane production and emission factors for a range of roughage diets fed to Hanwoo cows at a level of maintenance energy requirement. Seven cows were fed mixed hay only, 12 cows were fed mixed hay containing 30~50% rice straw and 6 cows were fed a mixed hay diet supplemented with 1.0 kg of wheat bran. Each cow was placed in a metabolic crate for 10 consecutive days, including last 7 days for sampling of feces and urine. At the end of the sampling period, the cows were transferred to an open-circuit respiration chamber for 24 consecutive hours. Methane conversion rate (5.5~6.2%, mean value = 5.8%) and emission factor (33.6~38.6 kg/head/year, mean value = 35.2) were not significantly affected by the diets although the mixed hay only diet resulted in 11 and 15% higher respective rates than the other two. However, in light of the many assumptions that forage with good quality might reduce methane production, additional experiments should be required for participation in the greenhouse gas emission trading system.
Engineering Saccharomyces cerevisiae fatty acid composition for increased tolerance to octanoic acid (2017)

Biorenewable chemicals such as short and medium chain fatty acids enable functional or direct substitution of petroleum-derived building blocks, allowing reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gases while meeting market needs of high-demand products like aliphatic alcohols and alpha olefins. However, producing these fatty acids in microorganisms can be challenging due to toxicity issues. Octanoic acid (C8) can disrupt the integrity of the cell membrane in yeast, and exogenous supplementation of oleic acid has been shown to help alleviate this. We recently engineered the Saccharomyces cerevisiae enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase by replacing serine residue 1157 with alanine to prevent deactivation by phosphorylation. Expression of Acc1<sup>S1157A</sup> in S. cerevisiae resulted in an increase in total fatty acid production, with the largest increase for oleic acid. In this study, we evaluated the effect of this modified lipid profile on C8 toxicity to the yeast. Expression of Acc1<sup>S1157A</sup> in S. cerevisiae BY4741 increased the percentage of oleic acid 3.1- and 1.6-fold in the absence and presence of octanoic acid challenge, respectively. Following exposure to 0.9 mM of C8 for 24 h, the engineered yeast had a 10-fold higher cell density relative to the baseline strain. Moreover, overexpressing Acc1<sup>S1157A</sup> allowed survival at C8 concentrations that were lethal for the baseline strain. This marked reduction of toxicity was shown to be due to higher membrane integrity as an 11-fold decrease in leakage of intracellular magnesium was observed. Due to the increase in oleic acid, this approach has the potential to reduce toxicity of other valuable bioproducts such as shorter chain aliphatic acids and alcohols and other membrane stressors. In an initial screen, increased resistance to n-butanol, 2-propanol, and hexanoic acid was demonstrated with cell densities 3.2-, 1.8-, and 29-fold higher than the baseline strain, respectively. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2017;114: 1531-1538. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal recovery from compressive measurements via denoising-based approximate message passing (2015)

Recently progress has been made in compressive sensing by replacing simplistic sparsity models with more powerful denoisers. In this paper, we develop a framework to predict the performance of denoising-based signal recovery algorithms based on a new deterministic state evolution formalism for approximate message passing. We compare our deterministic state evolution against its more classical Bayesian counterpart. We demonstrate that, while the two state evolutions are very similar, the deterministic framework is far more flexible. We apply the deterministic state evolution to explore the optimality of denoising-based approximate message passing (D-AMP). We prove that, while D-AMP is suboptimal for certain classes of signals, no algorithm can uniformly outperform it.
JSPS Asian Core Program: 7th & 8th ICCEOCA (Phase II/NICCEOCA‐3 & ‐4), 2nd & 3rd Junior ICCEOCA, and Partly IUPAC Asian Project (2014)

multinational Asian Core Program. Throughout the years, appreciable efforts and collaborations among the key organic chemist members from the East and Southeast Asian countries/regions
Signal-to-thickness calibration and pixel-wise interpolation for beam-hardening artefact reduction in microCT (2019)

X-ray computed tomography (CT) reconstruction suffers from beam-hardening arte facts caused by the polychromaticity of virtually all lab-based X-ray sources. A method to correct for beam-hardening is a direct, pixel-wise signal-to-thickness calibration (STC). We compare reconstructions of conventionally flat-field corrected as well as STC preprocessed measurements of various samples performed on a commercial microCT device based on a flat-panel detector. We show that a good estimate between the transmission signal and the respective material thickness can be given by multiple exponential functions. We further compare the exponential interpolation approach to a hyperbolic model, which reduces the number of necessary calibration measurements significantly. Our method shows that typical beam-hardening artefacts like cupping and filling can be almost completely suppressed and a significant contrast increase is gained. The method can be applied with little additional calibration and computation effort and allows shorter acquisition times since beam filtration can be reduced or omitted. Copyright (C) EPLA, 2019
Active Learning for Estimating Reachable Sets for Systems With Unknown Dynamics (2020)

This article presents a data-driven method for computing reachable sets where active learning (AL) is used to reduce the computational burden. Set-based methods used to estimate reachable sets typically do not scale well with the state-space dimension, or rely heavily on the existence of a model. If such a model is not available, it is simple to generate state trajectory data by numerically simulating black-box oracles of systems (whose dynamics are unknown) from sampled initial conditions. Using these data samples, the estimation of reachable sets can be posed as a classification problem, wherein AL can intelligently select samples that are most informative and least similar to previously labeled samples. By exploiting submodularity, the actively learned samples can be selected efficiently, with bounded suboptimality. Our proposed framework is illustrated by estimating the domains of attractions of model predictive controllers (MPCs) and reinforcement learners. We also consider a scenario where there are two oracles that differ with respect to evaluation costs and labeling accuracy. We propose a framework to reduce the dependency of the expensive oracle in labeling samples using disagreement-based AL (DBAL). The potential of the DBAL algorithm is demonstrated on a solver selection problem for real-time MPC.
The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Mechanically Stimulated Muscle Derived Stem Cell Repair (2012)

We have previously shown that muscle‐derived stem cells (MDSCs) are significantly better than myoblasts at maintaining cardiac function after infarction, which is likely due to higher survival and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. Mechanical stimulation increases VEGF secretion, and after mechanically preconditioning MDSCs and injecting them into an acute model of cardiac infarction function is improved. Therefore, we hypothesized that the benefits seen from mechanical stimulation is due to an increase in VEGF, and if we block VEGF we will not see an improvement in repair. To test this we have mechanically stimulated MDSCs transduced with the soluble VEGF receptor antagonist sFlt1 and tested their regenerative potential in the skeletal muscle of a mouse model of Duchene Muscular Dystrophy. We have found that mechanically stimulating MDSCs resulted in an increase in angiogenesis in the engraftment area. The MDSCs transduced with sFlt1 resulted in less angiogenesis, and the mechanically stimulated MDSCs transduced with sFlt1 showed no difference in angiogenesis from the un‐stimulated sFlt1 group. There also appears to be little difference between fibrosis in the sFlt1 stimulated and un‐stimulated groups. Therefore, VEGF appears to be a critical factor in angiogenesis following cell transplantation in mechanically stimulated MDSCs. Grant Funding Source : DOD
Technology Strategy Beyond HSPA (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction to Evolved UTRAN Analysis of HSPA vs. LTE LTE Deployment and Migration Scenarios Summary References
Association of vitamin D intake with decreased risk of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis. (2020)

89 Background: There is a lack of predictive markers informing on the risk of colitis in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). The aim of this study was to identify potential factors associated with development of ICI colitis. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of melanoma patients at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute who received PD-1, CTLA-4, or combination blockade between May 2011 to October 2017. Clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with pathologically confirmed ICI colitis were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analyses. External validation was performed on an independent cohort from Massachusetts General Hospital. Results: The discovery cohort included 213 patients of whom 37 developed ICI colitis (17%). The odds of colitis were higher in patients treated with ipilimumab either as monotherapy or in combination with nivolumab compared to those treated with pembrolizumab. Vitamin D use was recorded in 66/213 patients (31%) before starting ICIs. In multivariable regression analysis, vitamin D use conferred significantly reduced odds of developing ICI colitis (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.1–0.9). These results were confirmed in the validation cohort of 169 patients of whom 49 developed ICI colitis (29%). Pretreatment neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥5 predicted reduced odds of colitis (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.1–0.9) only in the discovery cohort. Conclusions: This is the first study to report that among patients treated with ICIs, vitamin D intake is associated with reduced risk for ICI colitis. This finding is consistent with prior reports of prophylactic use of vitamin D in ulcerative colitis and GVHD. This observation should be validated prospectively in future studies. [Table: see text]
Solvent-Free Direct PEGylation of Collagen Fibers (2022)

The addition of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to biomolecules and biomaterials is a well-established approach to modify their properties for therapeutic applications. For biomaterials, the approach is typically to blend or electrospray the synthetic polymer with the biomaterial. Effective surface modification approaches such as surface-initiated polymer brushes are challenging since the harsh solvents required for brush synthesis may destroy the biomaterial. Herein, we describe the PEGylation of collagen fibers by surface-initiated PEG brushes using a living anionic grafting-from mechanism. This brush synthesis is done in the absence of solvents to minimize the degradation of the native collagen structure. We quantify the effect the brush synthesis has on the native structure of the collagen fiber using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and find that even at long reaction times a significant fraction of the native structure remains. Dynamic mechanical analysis indicates the collagen undergoes only modest structural degradation, while adhesion studies find a significant improvement of antifouling properties. Further, our approach opens the way for further chemistry, as the growing polymer chain is a potassium alkoxy group that can be functionalized by termination or by subsequent reaction by a wide variety of molecules.
The BCPC Weeds Review 2022 (2022)

The 59th Annual BCPC Weeds Review had the theme 'What next for IPM' and took place as a live event on Thursday 3 rd 2022 at Sophie Taylor Building, NIAB, Cambridge with 72 delegates in attendance plus another 13 joining on-line. The meeting was chaired by Bill Lankford (Adama) who outlined the IPM focus of the Review but started with an overview of the current status of herbicides based on the perspective from an early screening R&amp;D company, MOA Technology.
Review: Myopia control strategies recommendations from the 2018 WHO/IAPB/BHVI Meeting on Myopia (2020)

Myopia is a major public health problem, particularly in East Asia. In this summary report, we present key findings and recommendations on strategies for myopia control discussed during the meeting jointly organised by the WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific, the International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness and the Brien Holden Vision Institute. First, myopia prevalence was reported to be increasing, with up to 80% of junior school students with myopia in East Asia. However, common challenges in implementing myopia control strategies on a national level included lack of school screening programme, and paucity of accurate prevalence data. Second, there continues to be broad public misconception about myopia and myopia control, including lack of parental awareness and resistance to wearing spectacles. Third, best practices for myopia management were shared, and recommendations for policy implementation are presented in this review. Key recommendations from this meeting include increased public education to raise parent and teacher awareness; encouragement of increased outdoor time of 2-3 hours per day for schoolchildren-as a practical public health intervention that has been shown to potentially reduce onset and progression of myopia. Governments and non-governmental organisations are encouraged to collaborate, especially education and health ministries to develop national myopia prevention programme. Lastly, it is important to emphasise that the key recommendations, such as increasing outdoor time for schoolchildren, are specific for East Asian nations in the Western Pacific region and may not be entirely applicable for Western nations.
What Has Longitudinal ‘Omics’ Studies Taught Us about Irritable Bowel Syndrome? A Systematic Review (2023)

Irritable bowel syndrome is a prototypical disorder of the brain-gut-microbiome axis, although the underlying pathogenesis and mechanisms remain incompletely understood. With the recent advances in 'omics' technologies, studies have attempted to uncover IBS-specific variations in the host-microbiome profile and function. However, no biomarker has been identified to date. Given the high inter-individual and day-to-day variability of the gut microbiota, and a lack of agreement across the large number of microbiome studies, this review focused on omics studies that had sampling at more than one time point. A systematic literature search was performed using various combinations of the search terms "Irritable Bowel Syndrome" and "Omics" in the Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library up to 1 December 2022. A total of 16 original studies were reviewed. These multi-omics studies have implicated <i>Bacteroides</i>, <i>Faecalibacterium prausnitzii</i>, <i>Ruminococcus</i> spp., and <i>Bifidobacteria</i> in IBS and treatment response, found altered metabolite profiles in serum, faecal, or urinary samples taken from IBS patients compared to the healthy controls, and revealed enrichment in the immune and inflammation-related pathways. They also demonstrated the possible therapeutic mechanisms of diet interventions, for example, synbiotics and low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyol (FODMAP) diets on microbial metabolites. However, there was significant heterogeneity among the studies and no uniform characteristics of IBS-related gut microbiota. There is a need to further study these putative mechanisms and also ensure that they can be translated to therapeutic benefits for patients with IBS.
Reply to Pandey et al.: Understanding the efficacy of a potential antiretroviral drug candidate in humanized mouse model of HIV infection (2018)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Serotyping of porcine Streptococcus suis recovered from diseased pigs in the western region of Cuba. (2014)

Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen in most countries with intensive swine production. S. suis has also been isolated in humans and other animal species. Data regarding serotyping of S. suis isolates from diseased pigs in Cuba using a reference antiserum are not available. S. suis isolates from pigs of four farms located in the western region of Cuba were characterized by serotyping. Most of the isolates was collected from pigs with pneumonia, followed by arthritis cases. Serotypes 2, 4, 8, 15, 16 and 34 were found in isolates from diseased pigs during the period 2002-2008, while serotypes 1, ½, 2, 3, 9, 13, 23, 24 and 31were found from samples collected during 2009-2014. Serotype 2 recovered from systemic (arthritis) and localized (pneumonia) infections was the most frequent. This research sets the basis for more complete studies on the infection status of S. suis in Cuba.
Stress Incontinence in Women (2007)

This chapter contains section titled: Suggested Reading
Avocado/soybean Unsaponifiables Increase Aggrecan Synthesis and Reduce Catabolic and Pro-inflammatory Mediators Production by Human Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes (2002)

peer reviewed
In situ hybridization histochemical localization of prodynorphin messenger RNA in the central nervous system of the rat (1997)

The distribution of preprodynorphin messenger RNA-containing perikarya in the central nervous system of the rat was determined with in situ hybridization histochemistry using a 35S-labelled complementary RNA probe. All of the regions of the central nervous system reported by other investigators to contain perikarya that synthesize prodynorphin-derived peptides, except the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus, the accessory trigeminal nucleus, and the ventral nucleus of the trapezoid body, also contained perikarya that synthesize preprodynorphin messenger RNA. However, the olfactory bulb, the anterior olfactory nucleus, the islands of Calleja, the CA1-CA3 fields of the hippocampus, the septohippocampal nucleus, the diagonal band of Broca, the basal and cortical amygdaloid nuclei, the entopeduncular nucleus, the subthalamic nucleus, the superior colliculus, the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, the dentate nucleus, the raphes linearis and pontis, the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the medial vestibular nucleus, the inferior olive, and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve also contained preprodynorphin messenger RNA-synthesizing perikarya. These observations suggest that prodynorphin-derived peptides have a much more pervasive role in central nervous system function than previously suspected. However, before the physiological significance of these observations can be judged, it will be necessary to determine whether all of the novel sites of preprodynorphin messenger RNA synthesis are sites of prohormone synthesis and conventional processing. J. Comp. Neurol. 384:211-232, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of Carbon Black Nature on Vulcanization and Mechanical Properties of Rubber (2008)

The influence of the basic properties of carbon black, such as structure, panicle size, and surface activity on the vulcanization and mechanical properties of filled natural rubber compounds was investigated in detail. This is important for a better understanding of the rubber performance and the mechanism of reinforcement. In particular, the effect of carbon black surface activity, which was changed by introducing one kind of hindered amine light stabilizer on rubber reinforcement is emphasized.
Big data - a 21st century science Maginot Line? No-boundary thinking: shifting from the big data paradigm (2015)

Whether your interests lie in scientific arenas, the corporate world, or in government, you have certainly heard the praises of big data: Big data will give you new insights, allow you to become more efficient, and/or will solve your problems. While big data has had some outstanding successes, many are now beginning to see that it is not the Silver Bullet that it has been touted to be. Here our main concern is the overall impact of big data; the current manifestation of big data is constructing a Maginot Line in science in the 21st century. Big data is not "lots of data" as a phenomena anymore; The big data paradigm is putting the spirit of the Maginot Line into lots of data. Big data overall is disconnecting researchers and science challenges. We propose No-Boundary Thinking (NBT), applying no-boundary thinking in problem defining to address science challenges.
Mapping Magnetic Near-Field Distributions of Plasmonic Nanoantennas (2013)

We present direct experimental mapping of the lateral magnetic near-field distribution in plasmonic nanoantennas using aperture scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). By means of full-field simulations it is demonstrated how the coupling of the hollow-pyramid aperture probe to the nanoantenna induces an effective magnetic dipole which efficiently excites surface plasmon resonances only at lateral magnetic field maxima. This excitation in turn affects the detected light intensity enabling the visualization of the lateral magnetic near-field distribution of multiple odd and even order plasmon modes with subwavelength spatial resolution.
Oral Insulin Supplementation in Paediatric Short Bowel Disease: A Pilot Observational Study (2009)

Oral insulin supplementation in paediatric SBS is not associated with short-term side effects. Although clinical improvement was observed in a subset of children, whether these effects are due to insulin administration is uncertain. The efficacy of oral insulin remains to be determined in a double-blind manner using a preparation that is resistant to degradation in the stomach.