gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon quantum dots as a dual platform for the inhibition and light-based destruction of collagen fibers: implications for the treatment of eye floaters (2021)

Common in myopia and aging, vitreous opacities arise from clumped collagen fibers within the vitreous body that cast shadows on the retina, appearing as 'floaters' to the patient. Vitreous opacities degrade contrast sensitivity function and can cause significant impairment in vision-related quality-of-life, representing an unmet and underestimated medical need. One therapeutic approach could be the use of versatile light-responsive nanostructures which (i) interfere with the formation of collagen fibers and/or (ii) destroy aggregates of vitreous collagen upon pulsed-laser irradiation at low fluences. In this work, the potential of positively and negatively charged carbon quantum dots (CQDs) to interfere with the aggregation of type I collagen is investigated. We demonstrate that fibrillation of collagen I is prevented most strongly by positively charged CQDs (CQDs-2) and that pulsed-laser illumination allowed to destroy type I collagen aggregates and vitreous opacities (as obtained from patients after vitrectomy) treated with CQDs-2.
Thin and thick gratings: terminology clarification (1981)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. K. Gaylord and M. G. Moharam, "Thin and thick gratings: terminology clarification," Appl. Opt. 20, 3271-3273 (1981) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Melanoma vaccines: developments over the past 10 years (2011)

Decades of preclinical evaluation and clinical trials into melanoma vaccines have yielded spectacular progress in our understanding of melanoma antigens and the immune mechanisms of tumor rejection. Key insights and the results of their clinical evaluation are reviewed in this article. Unfortunately, durable clinical benefit following vaccination remains uncommon. Two recent clinical advances that will impact on melanoma vaccine development are trials with inhibitors of CTLA-4 and oncogenic BRAF. Long-term therapeutic control of melanoma will require integration of specific active immunotherapy with these emerging successful therapies from the disparate fields of immune regulation and signal transduction.
Step engineering for nucleation and domain orientation control in WSe2 epitaxy on c-plane sapphire (2022)

Abstract Epitaxial growth of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) on sapphire has emerged as a promising route to wafer-scale single crystal films. Steps on the sapphire act as sites for TMD nucleation and can impart a preferred domain orientation resulting in a significant reduction in mirror twins. Here we demonstrate control of both the nucleation site and unidirectional growth direction of WSe 2 on c-plane sapphire by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The unidirectional orientation is found to be intimately tied to growth conditions via changes in the sapphire surface chemistry which control the step edge location of WSe 2 nucleation imparting either a 0° or 60° orientation relative to the underlying sapphire lattice. The results provide insight into the role of surface chemistry on TMD nucleation and domain alignment and demonstrate the ability to engineer domain orientation over wafer-scale substrates.
Synthetic cell elements from block copolymers – hydrodynamic aspects (2003)

Amphiphilic block copolymers can self-assemble in water into various stable morphologies which resemble key cell structures, notably filaments and membranes. Filamentous ‘worms’ of copolymer, microns-long, are briefly introduced, and related dynamics of copolymer vesicle ‘polymersomes’ are reviewed. Fluorescence visualization of single worms stretched under flow demonstrates their stability as well as a means to control conformation. Polymersome membranes have been more thoroughly studied, especially copolymer molecular weight effects. We summarize results suggestive of a transition from Rouse-like behavior to entangled chains. Viewed together, the results ask the question: what physics are needed next to mimic cell activities such as crawling?
5G mobile transport and computing platform for verticals (2018)

The support of 5G verticals service requires to design an efficient Mobile Transport and Computing Platform where transport, mobile and MEC must interact effectively. In this paper, a novel architecture is proposed providing its mapping on ETSI NFV. Two relevant use cases, such as automotive and cloud robotics are presented to assess the novel architecture.
Normalized single-shot X-ray absorption spectroscopy at a free-electron laser (2019)

A setup for dispersive X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), employing a new reference scheme, has been implemented and tested at the soft X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) FLASH in Hamburg. A transmission grating was used to split the FEL beam into two copies (signal and reference). The spectral content of both beams was simultaneously measured for intensity normalization within the FEL bandwidth on a shot-to-shot basis. Excellent correlation between the two beams was demonstrated within a few percent for single bunch operation at 143 eV photon energy. Applying the normalization scheme, an absorption spectrum of a <i>Gd</i><sub>2</sub><i>O</i><sub>3</sub>thin film sample was recorded around the Gd <i>N</i><sub>4,5</sub>-edge photon energy of 143 eV, showing excellent agreement with a reference spectrum measured at a synchrotron. This scheme opens the door for time-resolved single-shot XAS with femtosecond time resolution at FELs.
<title>Real-time modal control implementation for adaptive optics</title> (1997)

This paper presents the electronics, computing hardware, and computing software currently being built to provide real time modal control for a laser guide star adaptive optics system. This approach offers advantages in the control of unobserved modes, the elimination of unwanted modes (e.g. tip and tilt) and automatically handles the case of low resolution lens arrays. In our two step modal implementation, the input vector of gradients is first decomposed into Zernike polynomial modes by performing a least squares. The number of modes is assumed to be less than or equal to the number of actuators. The mode coefficients are then available for collection and analysis or for the application of modal weights. The control loop integrators are at this point in the algorithm. To calculate the DM drive signals, the mode coefficients are converted to the zonal signals via a matrix multiply. At closed loop bandwidths slightly below maximum, it will be possible to do the full two part multiply in real time. Thus the modal weights may be changed quickly without recalculating the full matrix. When the number of gradients measured is less than the number of actuators, the integration in the control loop will be done on the lower resolution grid to avoid growth of unobserved modes. These low resolution data will then be interpolated to yield the DM drive signals.
Enhanced Performance and Thermal Stability of a-Si:H TFTs (2010)

We report the effect of anneal time on the performance and temperature stability of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) thin-film-transistors (TFTs). The subthreshold swing and off-current are reduced by a factor of 2.5 and by almost 2 orders of magnitude for annealed TFTs, respectively, when compared to unannealed TFTs. Furthermore, long annealed TFTs show significant temperature stability when compared to the unannealed TFTs. The subthreshold swing, hysteresis, electron mobility, and off-current are stable even at elevated temperatures. The stability at elevated temperatures and better performance of long annealed TFTs are attributed to improved a-Si:H channel and/or the a-Si:H/insulator interface.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Quinolyl Derivatives of Adenine and Guanine, (IV), (VI), and (VII). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Luminescence Properties and Morphology of ZnSe:Te Films (2008)

High-speed imaging applications, such as time-resolved X-ray diffraction, require detectors with high frame rates ranging from hundreds to thousands of frames per second. New high-resolution CCD imagers capable of operating at the required frame rates have been developed; however, the current X-ray to light converters are the performance limiting factor in such applications. Here we report on the development of a structured ZnSe:Te scintillator that promises to provide extraordinarily high scintillation efficiency, emission at 640 nm (ideally suited for CCD sensors), high density of 5.4 g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , and a fast decay time of ~3 mus to ~50 mus with no afterglow, which permits high speed imaging without the problem of ghosting due to persistence. Furthermore, the non-hygroscopic and non-toxic nature of the ZnSe:Te scintillator, along with its stability of response over a wide range of temperatures and extremely high levels of radiation, makes it an ideal material for radiation detection in general and for synchrotron applications in particular. At RMD, we have fabricated microcolumnar ZnSe:Te films measuring ~25 mum to 85 mum in thickness using co-evaporation of ZnSe and ZnTe on suitable substrates. These films show columnar structure with columns ranging from 0.2 mum to 5 mum in diameter. The scintillation light produced by the radiation interaction is channeled within the microcolumns by the mechanism of total internal reflection, thereby providing very high spatial resolution, even when films are made thick to achieve high X-ray absorption.
Effects of Postpulse Surface Temperature on Micropulsed Plasma Thruster Operation (2005)

High-speed mercury cadmium telluride photovoltaic detectors sensitive to infrared emission are used in a micropulsed plasma thruster (micro-PPT) to explore the surface-temperature profile throughout the discharge process for an ablative arc over Teflon. Real-time surface-temperature measurements are made after the current pulse ends in a micro-PPT to examine heating methods and ablation characteristics of the Teflon® propellant. Calibration is performed on heated Teflon, experimentally accounting for temperature-dependent variations in emissivity. Time-dependent measurements are taken of the fuel face and used to determine a surface-temperature profile after the arc. Photographs of the arc breakdown are taken with a gated, intensified camera capable of 5-ns shutter times allowing visual interpretation of the arc emission in terms of nonaxisymmetric arc spoking effects. The data are analyzed to calculate Teflon vapor pressure and expected impulse bit contribution of the neutral vapor liberated from the fuel face during the ablative cooling process. The cooling profile is also compared with predictions from a code that is under development. Finally, methods for using this sensing technique during the current pulse of the thruster are proposed and evaluated for future applications.
Defining dysfunction due to loss of MECP2 in Rett Patient Brain (2021)

Abstract Rett Syndrome is characterized by a postnatal loss of neurophysiological function and regression of childhood development. Because the syndrome is X-linked and males with MECP2 mutations generally do not survive birth, the study of this syndrome has been complicated by the fact that in female brain, a portion of neurons express wild type MECP2, and another portion express a non-functional allele of MECP2. Therefore, bulk-RNA-sequencing of Rett brain is confounded by the presence of chimerism of neurons for functional MECP2 in neurons. We developed an approach that allows for single-nuclei transcriptional profiling of individual neurons and a direct comparison between neurons that express functional MECP2 with those that express the disease-causing allele. We found that mutant neurons from Rett brain show patterns of aberrant expression of synaptic and metabolic genes, both of which can be detected in in vitro models of Rett Syndrome. We used these resources to identify a role for POU2F1/OCT1 transcription factor in mediating the response to stress due to loss of MECP2, highlighting a potential key molecular regulator of stress in Rett neurons. Together, our new sorting approach enables us to highlight defective molecular and metabolic pathways in Rett brain neurons and suggests that in vitro models could serve as valuable tools to further study this syndrome and potentially for development of novel therapeutics.
Zum Lautwandel θr > hr im Iranischen (2011)

Discussion of an Iranian phonoogical development the beginning of <hich is situated earlier than hitherto thought
Implementation and evaluation of various demons deformable image registration algorithms on a GPU (2009)

Online adaptive radiation therapy (ART) promises the ability to deliver an optimal treatment in response to daily patient anatomic variation. A major technical barrier for the clinical implementation of online ART is the requirement of rapid image segmentation. Deformable image registration (DIR) has been used as an automated segmentation method to transfer tumor/organ contours from the planning image to daily images. However, the current computational time of DIR is insufficient for online ART. In this work, this issue is addressed by using computer graphics processing units (GPUs). A gray-scale-based DIR algorithm called demons and five of its variants were implemented on GPUs using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) programming environment. The spatial accuracy of these algorithms was evaluated over five sets of pulmonary 4D CT images with an average size of 256 x 256 x 100 and more than 1100 expert-determined landmark point pairs each. For all the testing scenarios presented in this paper, the GPU-based DIR computation required around 7 to 11 s to yield an average 3D error ranging from 1.5 to 1.8 mm. It is interesting to find out that the original passive force demons algorithms outperform subsequently proposed variants based on the combination of accuracy, efficiency and ease of implementation.
Supplementary Tables 1-6 from Pyrvinium Targets CD133 in Human Glioblastoma Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 1-6. Supplementary Table 1: Clinico-pathological demographics of CD133high and CD133low GBM; Supplementary Table 2: Positive and negative correlation probe sets present in CD133-signature; Supplementary Table 3: Drug targets acquired from CD133 gene signature connectivity map; Supplementary Table 4: qRT-PCR Primers; Supplementary Table 5: Genes used to complete network analysis; Supplementary Table 6: Molecular Subtypes of GBM samples used&lt;/p&gt;
A cost model for VLSI/MCM systems (2002)

The purpose of this paper is to compare different alternatives for a MCM implementation of a VLSI module, which targets high bandwidth video and image processing applications. The alternatives are related to MCM possible manufacturing flow. Specifically, this paper is concerned with how to deal with MCMs that are not fully functional at the first pass. Each alternative has a different flow to deal with such defective modules. A model, which reflects the MCM fabrication cost, is developed. In addition, this model is used to compare available alternatives, and to quantify the cost-benefit relationships between them taking into account most of the cost parameters, the yield of the various components/steps, and the various test strategy parameters encountered during a MCM fabrication.
Preliminary Intravital Microscopic Analysis Reveals Macrophage Uptake of Circulating Nanotubes and Peptide-Dependent Delivery into Tumor (2011)

Nanoparticle targeting efficiency to tumor is poor and not well-understood. We applied intravital microscopy in a dorsal window chamber model to interrogate vasculature-targeted carbon nanotubes. We found that nanotubes program circulating macrophages to enter tumor.
Current estimation and remote temperature monitoring system for low power digitally controlled DC-DC SMPS (2008)

This paper describes a simple adaptive digital system that can accurately estimate steady-state inductor current and, at the same time, provide remote temperature monitoring of power switches in low-power digitally controlled dc-dc converters. The system is well-suited for on-chip implementation. It provides a solution for combining a digital controller, current estimator and remote temperature monitor on a single integrated circuit. To estimate the current and temperature, the estimator utilizes inherently available information about the duty ratio and performs auto-calibration through the utilization of a current sink. During regular converter operation, a known load current step is introduced and the inductor current and a dc resistance R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eq</sub> emulating converter losses are calculated from the resulting increase in the duty ratio control variable. Then, based on the obtained resistance value, the temperature of the switching components is found. The effectiveness of the estimator is demonstrated on a digitally-controlled 1.5 V, 15 W buck converter operating at 500 kHz switching frequency.
COMPUTATIONAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE (2011)

The enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose by cellulases is one of the major steps in the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel. This hydrolysis by cellulases, a heterogeneous reaction, currently suffers from some major limitations, most importantly a dramatic rate slowdown at high degrees of conversion in the case of crystalline cellulose. Various rate-limiting factors were investigated employing experimental as well as computational studies. Cellulose accessibility and the hydrolysable fraction of accessible substrate (a previously undefined and unreported quantity) were shown to decrease steadily with conversion, while cellulose reactivity, defined in terms of hydrolytic activity per amount of actively adsorbed cellulase, remained constant. Faster restart rates were observed on partially converted cellulose as compared to uninterrupted hydrolysis rates, supporting the presence of an enzyme clogging phenomenon. &#13;\nCellulose crystallinity is a major substrate property affecting the rates, but its quantification has suffered from lack of consistency and accuracy. Using multivariate statistical analysis of X-ray data from cellulose, a new method to determine the degree of crystallinity was developed. Cel7A CBD is a promising target for protein engineering as cellulose pretreated with Cel7A CBDs exhibits enhanced hydrolysis rates resulting from a reduction in crystallinity. However, for Cel7A CBD, a high throughput assay is unlikely to be developed. In the absence of a high throughput assay (required for directed evolution) and extensive knowledge of the role of specific protein residues (required for rational protein design), the mutations need to be picked wisely, to avoid the generation of inactive variants. To tackle this issue, a method utilizing the underlying patterns in the sequences of a protein family has been developed.
Renaturation and partial peptide sequencing of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activator from rabbit skeletal muscle (1992)

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) activator was purified 2000-fold from skeletal muscle, and proteins which co-purified with the activator were analysed after SDS/PAGE by renaturation and partial sequencing. Activity for tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation of MAP kinase was present in two bands of approx. 48 and 46 kDa, which have sequence similarity to small GTP-binding protein p25 GDP dissociation inhibitor and protein kinases (PBS2, SPK1+, STE7, BYR1) respectively.
The Parametrized Complexity of Quantum Verification (2022)

We initiate the study of parameterized complexity of QMA problems in terms of the number of non-Clifford gates in the problem description. We show that for the problem of parameterized quantum circuit satisfiability, there exists a classical algorithm solving the problem with a runtime scaling exponentially in the number of non-Clifford gates but only polynomially with the system size. This result follows from our main result, that for any Clifford + t T-gate quantum circuit satisfiability problem, the search space of optimal witnesses can be reduced to a stabilizer subspace isomorphic to at most t qubits (independent of the system size). Furthermore, we derive new lower bounds on the T-count of circuit satisfiability instances and the T-count of the W-state assuming the classical exponential time hypothesis (ETH). Lastly, we explore the parameterized complexity of the quantum non-identity check problem.
Effects of hydration on the Claisen rearrangement of allyl vinyl ether from computer simulations (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of hydration on the Claisen rearrangement of allyl vinyl ether from computer simulationsDaniel L. Severance and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 27, 10966–10968Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00053a046RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views852Altmetric-Citations169LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The first 10 years with multiple sclerosis: The longitudinal course of daily functioning (2013)

In the first 10 years after definite diagnosis, patients with multiple sclerosis showed a more pronounced decline in physical functioning than in cognitive and social functioning. There was no time-related decline in mental health, social role due to physical limitations, or general health.