gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OUTCOME OF SHOULDER PROSTHESIS FOR SEQUELAE OF FRACTURE OF THE PROXIMAL HUMERUS WITH NONUNION OF THE SURGICAL NECK (2004)

Purpose: Nonunion of the surgical neck of the humerus can occur after orthopaedic or poorly-adapted surgery after displaced subtuberosity or cephalotuberosity fracture. The purpose of this study was to report functional and radiographic outcome after treatment with shoulder prosthesis. Material and methods: Twenty-two patients who had a non-constrained shoulder prosthesis were included in this retrospective multicentric study. Mean age was 70 years and mean follow-up was 45 months (range 2 – 9 years). The initial fracture had two fragments in six patients and was a three-fragment fracture involving the head and the tubercle in thirteen and a four-fragment fracture in three. Orthopaedic treatment was given in ten cases and surgical osteosynthesis was used in twelve. Time from fracture to implant insertion was 20 months. The deltopectoral approach was used for 21 humeral implants and one total shoulder arthroplasty (glenohumeral degeneration). The tuberosities were fixed to the cemented humeral stem and a crown of bone grafts were placed around the nonunion of the surgical neck. All patients were reviewed after a minimum of two years and assessed with the Constant score and x-rays. Results: The absolute Constant score improved from 23 reoperatively to 39 postoperatively with an anterior elevation of 53° to 63°. Pain score (from 3 to 9, p = 0.001) and external rotation (from 13° to 28°, p = 0.01) were significantly improved. Forty-five percent of the patients were satisfied and 55% were dissatisfied. The type of initial treatment, type of initial fracture, and time before implantation of the prosthesis did no affect final outcome. The complication rate was 36% (eight patients), and led to five revision procedures. The radiographic work-up disclosed six cases of persistent nonunion of the greater tuberosity, two proximal migrations of the prosthesis, and one humeral loosening. Conclusion: Outcome of shoulder prosthesis for sequela after fracture of the proximal humerus with nonunion of the surgical neck is poor. No improvement in anterior elevation, force, or motion was achieved. Shoulder prosthesis for sequelae of fracture of the proximal humerus with nonunion of the surgical neck should be considered as a “limited-objective” indication only providing beneficial pain relief.
<title>Parallel access 3D multilayer optical storage using 2-photon recording</title> (1999)

Three-dimensional parallel readout of 2-photon multilayer optical disks can simultaneously offer high capacities (greater than 100 GB/disk) and high data transfer rates (greater than 1 Gb/s). The robust system tolerances should enable cost effective storage systems with capacities and transfer rates that are scaleable to match various application requirements.
Thermally Induced Introduction of Trehalose into Primary Rat Hepatocytes (2006)

Trehalose was introduced into suspended primary rat hepatocytes through pathways resulting from thermally induced alterations of the cellular membrane. The hepatocytes were suspended in a diluted hepatocyte culture medium (medium:dH2O = 1:2) with 0.4 M trehalose during thermal treatments. A significant amount of cytoplasmic trehalose (0.07 M) was detected using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after heating hepatocytes to 39°C for 10 min in trehalose-supplemented medium. High cell viability (approximately 90%) was retained. The cytoplasmic trehalose concentration reached a plateau (approximately 0.16 M) after heating for 1–2 h. However, the cell viability decreased significantly after 30 min of heating (< approximately 72%). It was further found that by repetitive heating between 0°C and 39°C every 10 min for 1 h (0–39°C, 1 h), high cell viability (approximately 83%) could be maintained and a high cytoplasmic trehalose concentration (approximately 0.13 M) could be obtained. The trehalose-laden hepatocytes (0–39°C, 1 h) were cultured in a double-collagen gel sandwich system for 15 days. They retained normal morphology and produced a normal distribution of F-actin filaments. Furthermore, the hepatospecific functions of urea production and albumin synthesis were similar to those of control hepatocytes kept in fresh medium on ice for one hour. In short, trehalose can be introduced effectively into primary rat hepatocytes by challenging the cells with super-zero to mild hyperthermic (39°C) temperatures. Future studies will focus on the development of effective protocols for both cryopreservation and lyopreservation of trehalose-laden hepatocytes.
Chronic experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis induced by monoclonal antibody to acetylcholine receptor: biochemical and electrophysiologic criteria. (1987)

To determine whether the chronic presence of antibody to acetylcholine receptor (AChR) can account for the neuromuscular abnormalities in myasthenia gravis (MG), rats injected repeatedly with monoclonal antibody (mAb) to AChR were compared with those injected with control mAb. In a previous report, those receiving anti-AChR mAb, studied ultrastructurally, had grossly simplified endplates when compared with normal controls. In this report, animals injected once or chronically for 9 to 12 wk had reduced content of muscle AChR. The chronically injected animals also had diminished miniature endplate potential amplitudes, but to a lesser extent than the reduction in AChR content. These studies establish the pathogenetic role of antibody to AChR in the induction of the ultrastructural, biochemical, and electrophysiologic hallmarks of MG.
The long non-coding RNA MaTAR20 promotes mammary tumor growth by regulating angiogenesis pathways (2021)

Abstract Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of regulatory molecules that have been shown to play important roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Here, we studied the recently identified lncRNA Mammary Tumor Associated RNA 20 ( MaTAR20 ) in mammary cancer progression. A CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of MaTAR20 in the metastatic 4T1 cell line led to reduced cancer cell proliferation and increased cell surface adhesion compared to control cells. Consistent with these knockout results antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) mediated knockdown of MaTAR20 resulted in reduced growth and invasion in 4T1 cells, and in primary mammary tumor organoids derived from the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. Injection of MaTAR20 -specific ASOs subcutaneously into tumor bearing MMTV-PyMT mice resulted in smaller and highly necrotic tumors in comparison to mice injected with a scrambled control ASO. To investigate the molecular mechanism by which MaTAR20 acts to advance mammary tumor progression, we applied a combination of RNA-sequencing and RNA-pulldown coupled to DNA-sequencing. These analyses demonstrated that the nuclear retained lncRNA is associated with several essential cancer signaling pathways such as VEGF signaling. In particular, MaTAR20 directly binds to and regulates the expression of Tnfsf15 . Our results indicate that MaTAR20 is an important driver of mammary tumor progression and represents a promising new therapeutic target.
A vacuolar iron-transporter homologue acts as a detoxifier in Plasmodium (2016)

Iron is an essential micronutrient but is also highly toxic. In yeast and plant cells, a key detoxifying mechanism involves iron sequestration into intracellular storage compartments, mediated by members of the vacuolar iron-transporter (VIT) family of proteins. Here we study the VIT homologue from the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum (PfVIT) and Plasmodium berghei (PbVIT). PfVIT-mediated iron transport in a yeast heterologous expression system is saturable (Km ∼ 14.7 μM), and selective for Fe(2+) over other divalent cations. PbVIT-deficient P. berghei lines (Pbvit(-)) show a reduction in parasite load in both liver and blood stages of infection in mice. Moreover, Pbvit(-) parasites have higher levels of labile iron in blood stages and are more sensitive to increased iron levels in liver stages, when compared with wild-type parasites. Our data are consistent with Plasmodium VITs playing a major role in iron detoxification and, thus, normal development of malaria parasites in their mammalian host.
ChemInform Abstract: BENZHYDRYLAMINO POLYMERS FOR THE PREPARATION OF C‐TERMINAL PEPTIDE AMIDES (1974)

Abstract Polystyrol‐divinylbenzol‐Copolymeres (I) wird durch die Benzoylchloride (II) zu den Ketonen (III) acyliert.
The effect of applied pressure on the shape of a two-dimensional liquid curtain falling under the influence of gravity (1993)

The shape of a two-dimensional liquid curtain issuing from a slot and falling under the influence of gravity is predicted theoretically and verified experimentally for cases where a pressure is applied to the curtain. A set of approximate equations is derived which governs the location of the curtain for a liquid having surface tension σ, density ρ, volumetric flow per unit width Q , and local free-fall velocity V . These equations possess a singularity at the point where the local Weber number, We = ρ QV /2σ, is equal to 1. Despite the fact that previous work on the stability of two-dimensional curtains shows that curtains having locations where We &lt; 1 are unstable to small disturbances, our experiments show that these curtains can exist over a wide range of flow conditions. Thus, it is necessary to consider how the singularity is resolved when a pressure is applied. It is found that the singularity can be eliminated from the governing equations if the curtain assumes a definite direction as it leaves the slot. By contrast, if the curtain leaves the slot such that We &gt; 1, there is no such restriction, and experimentally it is found that the curtain leaves parallel to the slot walls. The theoretical predictions of the curtain shapes are in agreement with those measured experimentally for all Weber numbers investigated.
Effects of Sex, Breed, Callipyge Phenotype, and Docked Tail Length on Rectal Prolapse in Lambs (2014)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of sex, breed, docked-tail length, and the expression of the callipyge phenotype on the incidence of rectal prolapse in lambs. To test whether these factors influence rectal prolapse in a controlled feedlot environment, lambs (n = 382) representing both sexes and four breed types were assigned randomly to one of three docking treatments: 1) tail removed as close to the body as possible (short-docked, n = 139); 2) tail removed midway between the attachment of the tail to the body and the caudal folds to the tail (mediumdocked, n = 124); and 3) tail removed at the attachment of the caudal folds to the tail (long-docked, n = 119). Incorporating the callipyge phenotype into the study design assessed the effect of enhanced muscle development on rectal prolapse. The overall incidence of rectal prolapse in this study was 2.1 percent. Ewe lambs were no more likely to experience prolapses than male lambs (P > 0.09). Seven of the eight (87 percent; P 0.05) in rectal prolapse occurrence among the three docking treatments. In this study sex, tail dock length, and muscling did not appear to contribute to rectal prolapse in lambs. However, there may be an over-looked genetic component that influences the occurrence of prolapses in response to the practice of docking.
Epigenetic Inactivation of the Canonical Wnt Antagonist SRY-Box Containing Gene 17 in Colorectal Cancer (2008)

SRY-box containing gene 17 (Sox17) is a member of the high mobility group (HMG) transcription factor superfamily, which plays critical roles in the regulation of development and stem/precursor cell function, at least partly through repression of Wnt pathway activity. Modulators controlling aberrant Wnt signaling activation are frequently disrupted in human cancers through complementary effects of epigenetic and genetic changes. Our recent global analysis of CpG island hypermethylation and gene expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines revealed that SOX17 gene silencing is associated with DNA hypermethylation of a CpG island in the promoter region. Here, we report that CpG island methylation-dependent silencing of SOX17 occurs in 100% of CRC cell lines, 86% of colorectal adenomas, 100% of stage I and II CRC, 89% of stage III CRC, 89% of primary esophageal cancer, and 50% of non-small cell lung cancer. Overexpression of SOX17 in HCT116 CRC cells inhibits colony growth and beta-catenin/T-cell factor-dependent transcription. Structure-based deletion analysis further shows the presence of a Wnt signaling repression domain in the SOX17 HMG box. Together, our studies suggest that SOX17 is a negative modulator of canonical Wnt signaling, and that SOX17 silencing due to promoter hypermethylation is an early event during tumorigenesis and may contribute to aberrant activation of Wnt signaling in CRC.
Association between acute respiratory disease events and the MUC5B promoter polymorphism in smokers (2018)

A single-nucleotide polymorphism (rs35705950) in the mucin 5B (<i>MUC5B</i>) gene promoter is associated with pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial features on chest CT but may also have beneficial effects. In non-Hispanic whites in the COPDGene cohort with interstitial features (n=454), the <i>MUC5B</i> promoter polymorphism was associated with a 61% lower odds of a prospectively reported acute respiratory disease event (P=0.001), a longer time-to-first event (HR=0.57; P=0.006) and 40% fewer events (P=0.016). The <i>MUC5B</i> promoter polymorphism may have a beneficial effect on the risk of acute respiratory disease events in smokers with interstitial CT features.
Developing High Strain Rate Superplasticity in Aluminum Alloys (2005)

The conventional materials used in superplastic forming operations generally have grain sizes of ~2 µm or larger and they exhibit superplasticity at relatively low strain rates. Processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) produces materials having ultrafine-grain sizes, usually in the submicrometer range. If these ultrafine grains show reasonable stability at elevated temperatures, the alloys may exhibit a capability for achieving superplastic elongations at high strain rates. This paper examines the development of ultrafine-grained structures and superplastic ductilities in a spray-cast aluminum 7034 alloys through ECAP. The results show that ECAP is a very effective procedure for achieving grain refinement and superplasticity at rapid strain rates.
Membrane‐Supported Multichannel Microfluidic Solvent Extraction System (2017)

Abstract Although microfluidic solvent extraction (µSX) is a recent field in separation, its application is still limited to single‐channel microfluidic devices. However, the industrial application of microheat exchangers has already proven that parallelization of microchannels is an important tool to increase the specific device efficiency. Hence, in this study, a multichannel system for µSX is introduced. As a model process, D , L ‐5‐phenylhydantoin was extracted from ethyl acetate into aqueous buffer. By means of different experimental setups, the potential and limitations of membrane‐supported multichannel µSX were investigated. The reactor dimensions perpendicular to flow and transmembrane mass transport are the most challenging factors for the introduced device.
Metrics Matter: Accurately Defining Energy Efficiency in Desalination (2020)

Abstract Energy cost contributes a large portion of the overall cost of desalinated water. Improving the energy efficiency of desalination plants is therefore a primary design goal. However, accurately evaluating and comparing the energy consumption of desalination plants that use different forms and grades of energy is difficult, especially for power–water coproduction systems in which primary energy (PE) consumption leads to both salable electricity and potable water. The power plant converts PE into grades of thermal energy and electricity usable by the desalination plant. To fully capture the thermodynamic and economic cost of energy, and to fairly compare desalination systems that use different grades of input energy, we must compare energy consumption not at the point where energy enters the desalination plant itself, but as PE consumption entering the power plant. This paper investigates a variety of metrics for comparing the energy and exergy consumption attributable to desalination in coproduction plants. Previous results have shown that reverse osmosis (RO) is approximately twice as efficient as multiple effect distillation (MED) on a PE basis. We then compare the PE consumption of MED and RO from a thermoeconomic perspective. The entropy generation at the RO membrane and in the MED effects are derived in similar terms, which enables a comparison of the overall heat transfer coefficient in an MED system to the permeability of an RO membrane. RO outperforms MED in energy efficiency because of a balance of material costs, transport coefficients, and cost of energy.
Social Theory for Social Work (2017)

Trying to understand how the world looks through the eyes of individuals and groups and how&nbsp;it shapes the ways&nbsp;they think and act is something social workers do all the time. It is what social theorists do too. This book identifies and explains in a highly accessible manner the absolute value of social theory for social work. Drawing on the&nbsp;theoretical ideas and perspectives of a wide range of classical and modern social theorists, the book demonstrates the insights their work can bring to bear on a wide range of social work practice scenarios, issues and debates. Departing with the work of the classical theorists, the book covers a diverse range of theoretical traditions including phenomenology, symbolic interactionism, Norbert Elias, Michel Foucault, Pierre Bourdieu, feminism and globalization theory. Putting to work ideas from these different perspectives, a range of social work scenarios, issues and debates are opened up and explored. The final chapter brings together the various theoretical strands, and critically considers the contribution they can make towards realizing core&nbsp;social work values in a rapidly globalizing world. Demonstrating exactly how and in what ways social theory can make important and enduring contributions to social work, Social Theory for Social Work is essentialial reading for social work students, practitioners and professionals alike.
Molybdenum Complexes that Contain a Calix[6]azacryptand Ligand as Catalysts for Reduction of N2 to Ammonia (2018)

[CAC(OMe)<sub>6</sub>]Mo(N) (3, where [CAC]<sup>3-</sup> is a calix[6]azacryptand ligand derived from a [6]calixarene) has been prepared in a reaction between Li<sub>3</sub>[CAC(OMe)<sub>6</sub>] and ( t-BuO)<sub>3</sub>Mo(N). An X-ray structural study showed 3 to have a structure similar to that of [HIPTN<sub>3</sub>N]Mo(N) (where [HIPTN<sub>3</sub>N]<sup>3-</sup> is [(3,5-(2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>NCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N]<sup>3-</sup>). The relatively rigid [CAC(OMe)<sub>6</sub>]<sup>3-</sup> ligand in 3 forms a bowl-shaped cavity defined by a 24-atom macrocyclic ring. The Mo-N<sub>amido</sub>-C<sub>ipso</sub> angles are ∼8° smaller in 3 than they are in [HIPTN<sub>3</sub>N]Mo(N). Methoxides on the three linking units point into the cavity above the nitride in 3, whereas the three methoxides on phenyl rings attached to the amido nitrogen atoms point away from the cavity. An analogous [CAC(OMe)<sub>3</sub>(H)<sub>3</sub>]Mo(N) complex (9) was prepared in which the three methoxides pointing into the cavity in 3 have been replaced by protons. Its structure differs little from that of 3. The nitride could be protonated in 3 to give {[CAC(OMe)<sub>6</sub>]Mo(NH)}<sup>+</sup>, which could be reduced (reversibly) to [CAC(OMe)<sub>6</sub>]Mo(NH). Catalytic reduction of molecular nitrogen under a variety of conditions with either Ph<sub>2</sub>NH<sub>2</sub>OTf or HBArf (BArf<sup>-</sup> = {B[3,5(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>]<sub>4</sub>}<sup>-</sup>) as the acid and a Co metallocene or KC<sub>8</sub> as the reducing agent between -78 and 22 °C in diethyl ether shows that 1.20-1.34 equivalents of ammonia are formed starting with either [CAC(OMe)<sub>6</sub>]Mo(N) (50% <sup>15</sup>N) or [CAC(OMe)<sub>3</sub>(H)<sub>3</sub>]Mo(N) (50% <sup>15</sup>N).
Bacterial N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase. Purification, partial characterization, and substrate specificity. (1988)

The enzyme N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase from Escherichia coli has been purified 7,100-fold to apparent homogeneity. The enzyme is part of the diaminopimelic acid-lysine pathway in bacteria and catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid to produce L-diaminopimelic acid and succinate. The enzyme exists as a mixture of dimeric and tetrameric species of identical subunits of molecular weight approximately 40,000. Activity was completely abolished following dialysis of the enzyme against metal chelators. Cobalt(II) and zinc were effective in restoring the activity. The apparent affinities of the apoenzyme for cobalt and zinc were similar (Kd values near 1 microM) and the cobalt enzyme was 2.2-fold more active than the zinc enzyme. The Km and turnover number for the hydrolysis of the natural substrate, N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid, were 0.4 mM and 16,000 min-1, respectively. The substrate specificity of the enzyme was defined by preparing a number of substrate analogues that systematically lack the various functional groups present in the molecule. These studies show that the enzyme is highly specific for the natural substrate. These properties of N-succinyl-L-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase and the fact that the enzyme is essential for bacterial growth make it an ideal target for the development of inhibitors with potential antibacterial activity.
DAC at 50: The Second 25 Years (2014)

This paper is based on an invited talk presented at the 50th DAC. It provides an interesting analysis of the past 25 years of the EDA industry and the Design Automation Conference by dividing this period into five distinct eras of technological advancements.
Comparison of 1‐D and 2‐D LC MS/MS methods for proteomic analysis of human serum (2009)

1-D and 2-D LC methods were utilized for proteome analysis of undepleted human serum. Separation of peptides in 2-D LC was performed either with strong cation exchange (SCX)-RP chromatography or with an RP-RP 2-D LC approach. Peptides were identified by MS/MS using a data-independent acquisition approach. A peptide retention prediction model was used to highlight the potential false-positive peptide identifications. When applying selected data filtration, we identified 52 proteins based on 316 peptides in serum in 1-D LC setup. One hundred and eighty-four proteins/1036 peptides and 142 proteins/905 peptides were identified in RP-RP and SCX-RP 2-D LC, respectively. The performance of both 2-D LC methods for proteomic analysis is critically compared.
Design and demonstration of very high-k (k&#x223C;50) HfO<inf>2</inf> for ultra-scaled Si CMOS (2008)

We have demonstrated very high-k (k~50) HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films for ultra-scaled CMOS application. Higher symmetric crystalline structure enables us to achieve higher-k HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . We present a feasible method to obtain sub-nm EOT with very high-k HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> under actual process conditions, together with an underlying mechanism.