gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and In Vivo Antitumor Efficacy of PEGylated Poly(l-lysine) Dendrimer−Camptothecin Conjugates (2009)

Polymer conjugates of camptothecin (CPT) have been pursued as a solution to the difficulties present in treating cancers with CPT and its derivatives. Covalent attachment of CPT to a polymer can improve solubility, increase blood circulation time, enhance tumor uptake, and significantly improve efficacy of the drug. In this report, we describe a novel polymer conjugate of CPT using a core-functionalized, symmetrically PEGylated poly(l-lysine) (PLL) dendrimer. The PEGylated dendrimer consisted of a lysine dendrimer functionalized with aspartic acid, which was used as an attachment site for poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and CPT. The final conjugate had a molecular weight of 40 kDa and was loaded with 4-6 wt % CPT. Polymer-bound CPT was shown to have a long blood circulation half-life of 30.9 +/- 8.8 h and a tumor uptake of 4.2 +/- 2.3% of the injected dose/g of tissue, compared to free CPT in which less than 1% was retained in the blood after 30 min and had a tumor accumulation of 0.29 +/- 0.04% of the injected dose/g of tissue. The PEGylated PLL-CPT showed superior efficacy in murine (C26) and human colon carcinoma (HT-29) tumor models when compared with no treatment or treatment with irinotecan. In the C26 tumor model, treatment resulted in significantly prolonged survival (P < 0.05) for all mice treated with a single injection of PEGylated PLL-CPT. In the HT-29 tumor model, all mice treated with multiple injections of a low dose survived to the end of the study, with three mice of eight surviving tumor-free.
In VivoTreatment with GDF-9 Stimulates Primordial and Primary Follicle Progression and Theca Cell Marker CYP17 in Ovaries of Immature Rats1 (2000)

Growth differentiation factor (GDF)-9 is a cystine knot-containing hormone of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily produced by the oocyte. In GDF-9 null mice, follicle development is arrested at the primary stage and GDF-9 treatment in vitro enhances preantral follicle growth. Immature female rats were treated with recombinant GDF-9 for 7 or 10 days. At 10 days, treatment with GDF-9 augmented ovarian weights, concomitant with an increase in the number of primary and small preantral follicles by 30 and 60%, respectively. Furthermore, the number of primordial follicles was decreased by 29%, but the number of large preantral follicles was not affected. In contrast, treatment with FSH increased the number of small and large preantral follicles by 36 and 177% but did not influence the number of primary and primordial follicles. Immunoblot analysis showed an increase of CYP17, a theca cell marker, in the ovarian homogenate after treatment with GDF-9 but not FSH. The present results indicate that in vivo treatment with GDF-9 enhances the progression of primordial and primary follicles into small preantral follicles. Thus, GDF-9 treatment could provide an alternative approach to stimulate early follicle development in addition to the widely used FSH that acts mainly on the development of more advanced follicles.
Study of signal combining methodologies for future GPS flexible navigation payload (Part II) (2008)

The number of GPS ranging signals has increased steadily from GPS IIR to IIR-M and IIF. This trend will continue for the future GPS system-GPS III. Besides the increase in number of ranging signals, the future GPS system is also envisioned to implement a flexible navigation payload. This payload will have the ability to modify the number, the configuration and the power of ranging signals while the satellite is in orbit. In designing this flexible navigation payload, one of the tasks is to find the right signal combing methodology to be implemented for combining multiple signals together. This paper will study two well-known signal combining methodologies, coherent adaptive subcarrier modulation (CASM) and majority-vote. In addition, a new methodology, inter-vote, will also be studied. The assessment of those three combining methodologies will be focused on their power efficiency performance, which is closely related to the efficient usage of satellite power. The impact of inter-modulation signal, which is generated when the above three combining methodologies are used, will be briefly discussed at the end.
The development of burfi sweetened with aspartame (2009)

Sucrose was successfully replaced with the sweetener aspartame for the preparation of the indigenous dairy product burfi . Analytical conditions were standardised for the solid phase extraction of aspartame and its degradation products from burfi followed by their reverse phase HPLC. Recovery using this method was 90–97%. Aspartame at a level of 0.065% of milk w/w scored highest in terms of sweetness perception and resembled control burfi in sweetness. Storage studies at 6–8°C revealed that aspartame‐sweetened burfi resembled the control burfi in retaining the sensory profile, but showed an increase in acidity and microbial load and could not retain the texture. High‐performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed no degradation of aspartame in burfi , establishing its stability and hence its sweetness on storage.
Peripheral and central vascular smooth muscle cells from rat lung exhibit different cytoskeletal protein profiles but similar growth factor requirements (1994)

In pulmonary vascular remodelling, the lining smooth muscle cells undergo various forms of growth involving cellular hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Differences in the growth pattern between central and peripheral regions suggested that cells from both should be obtained when investigating the cellular basis for the remodelling. Accordingly, we have obtained two smooth muscle cell types in culture: a cell from the central pulmonary artery (CC) and a cell morphologically similar to a pericyte (PC), from the periphery of the lung. Both cell types gave positive immunostaining for alpha-smooth muscle isoactin. In vivo, the alpha-isoactin was immunolocalized in the extracapillary vasculature. Quantitative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of cell extracts showed that PC express more vimentin and gelsolin than CC. Despite the differences between PC and CC in the expression of cytoskeletal proteins, their response to growth factors was similar. Both cell types increased DNA synthesis when stimulated by exogenous PDGF-AB. This occurred in the absence of exogenous progression factors, but depended on a post-competence, suramin-sensitive mechanism that probably represents an autocrine progression factor. The cells were also stimulated by IGF-1 alone, in the absence of exogenous competence factors. At an IGF-1 concentration of 1 ng/ml, this response appeared specific for the IGF-1 receptor and was sensitive to pretreatment with pertussis toxin, thus implicating a role for a G protein.
Application of Minimum Deviation Angle Method to Refractometry of High Temperature Melts: LiNO3-CsNO3 Binary System. (1993)

最小偏角法は参照物質を必要としない、 比較的高精度の屈折率測定法であり、 高温融体にも適用可能である。 しかしながら高温測定では、 プリズムセルの材質の選択や装置の構成に制約を受けるので、 種々の要因により測定誤差が大きくなり易い。 本研究では、 透明石英製三角プリズム型セルを用いる最小偏角法により屈折率を測定する際の誤差の要因を検討し、 系統誤差の補正方法を明らかにするとともに、 各々の要因が測定誤差に及ぼす寄与を定量的に評価した。 本測定方法をLiNO3-CsNO3二成分系混合溶融塩に適用し、 屈折率の温度、 波長、 および組成依存性を明らかにした。
Molecular Oxygen Lignin Depolymerization: An Insight into the Stability of Phenolic Monomers (2020)

During oxidative depolymerization of lignin in aqueous alkaline medium using molecular oxygen as oxidant, the highly functionalized primary phenolic monomers are not stable products, owing to various not fully identified secondary reaction mechanisms. However, better understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the instability of the main part of the products of interest derived from lignin is of much interest. Evaluation of their individual reactivities under oxidative conditions should significantly help to find a better way to valorize the lignin polymer and to maximize the yields of target value-added products. Consequently, the main objective of this study is to assess the individual stabilities of some selected lignin-based phenolic compounds, such as vanillin, vanillic acid, and acetovanillone, together with some other pure chemical compounds such as phenol and anisole to give an insight into the mechanisms responsible for the simultaneous formation and repolymerization of those products and the influence of the oxidation conditions. Various complementary strategies of stabilization are proposed, discussed, and applied for the oxidative depolymerization reactions of a technical lignin extracted from pinewood with a high content of β-O-4 interconnecting bonds to try to obtain enhanced yields of value-added products.
Fanconi Anemia Mouse Genotype-specific Mitigation of Total Body Irradiation by GS-Nitroxide JP4-039 (2019)

FA mouse models are valuable for elucidating DNA repair pathways in cell and tissue responses to TBI, and the role of drugs that target distinct cell death pathways.
Residual Stress Improvement of Nickel Base Superalloy <i>Alloy 706</i> by Laser Peening (2013)

Some cracks were found at the first stage discs of gas turbine rotors made of Ni-base superalloy. There were inter-granular cracking and observed to be highly stressed and damage sensitive locations with less potential for oxidation, which is thought to occur due to hold-time cracking. In this study, laser peening technology was developed to improve fatigue properties of Ni-base superalloy Alloy 706, and the effects on the material properties were examined. Laser peening is a novel process to induce compressive residual stress on material surface by irradiating focused high-power laser pulses. Several durability tests, such as thermal aging treatment test and stress aging test, were performed under thermal power plant operation conditions, and the effectiveness of laser peening treatment was confirmed.
A prototype for semantic based diagnosis of road traffic congestions (2012)

Abstract. Retrieving the causes of road traffic congestions in quasi real-time is an important task that will enable city managers to get better insight into traffic issues and thus take appropriate corrective actions in a timely way. Our work, accepted at ISWC 2012, tackles this problem by integrating and reasoning over a variety of heterogeneous data sources including data streams. In this paper we present an initial prototype of our work for the city of Dublin, Ireland. 1
Octahedral Group IV Bis(phenolate) Catalysts for 1-Hexene Homopolymerization and Ethylene/1-Hexene Copolymerization (2013)

Octahedral group IV bis(phenolate) catalysts are highly active catalysts for the isospecific polymerization of 1-hexene and the copolymerization of ethylene with 1-hexene. These catalysts are active for the production of high molecular weight copolymers even at 130 °C. The copolymerization parameters for these complexes were determined; all of the bis(phenolate) complexes tested incorporate 1-hexene with high efficiency to give random copolymers. The complexes prepared from the more sterically demanding ligands showed higher molecular weights but similar comonomer incorporations to those prepared from the less sterically demanding ligands.
Revisiting the video stethoscope: An application of digital signal processing software (Goldwave &#x00AE;) to monitoring ventilation in intubated patients (2009)

Problems with tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation are potentially important causes of perioperative morbidity and mortality. We have developed a method of monitoring the ventilation of both lungs during general anesthesia that is an advanced digital version of a more primitive analog technique developed over two decades ago. We used two miniature electret microphones connected to regular chest pieces, placing the assemblies on the anterior chest wall about 4 inches below the clavicle in the midclavicular line. After amplification and 16-bit analog-to-digital conversion, the digital signal processing software package Goldwave (Version 5.12, www.goldwave. com) was used to produce real-time X-Y plots of the signals, with sounds from the right side plotted on the horizontal axis and sounds from the left side plotted on the vertical axis. Recognizing that when two signals are identical, their X-Y plot should form a 45 degree line, we hypothesized that X-Y plots obtained under endobronchial conditions would be recognizably different to plots reflecting normal bilateral lung ventilation. We also hypothesized that as a result of noise and anatomical variations that under conditions of bilateral mechanical ventilation the obtained plot would be very different from a simple 45 degree line. The data obtained supports these hypotheses. This preliminary study suggests that our technique may help provide a practical real-time warning system for detecting endotracheal tube malpositions, and may help build on the work of other investigators.
Using the spectral induced polarization method to assess biochar performance as a remediation agent (2016)

Olive mill wastewater (OMW), the waste product of olive oil production, typically holds a high concentration of hazardous substances (e.g. phenols) to humans and the environment. OMW is usually disposed of into unregulated, not properly constructed, evaporation ponds in the close vicinity of the olive mil. Efficient, easy to apply, remediation methods are sought to address the impact of uncontrolled OMW in the Mediterranean region. Biochar amended soils could be used to reduce the detrimental effects of OMW since it has been shown to reduce the organic load of impacted soils. We present results from a laboratory experiment designed [a] to treat OMW using biochar, and [b] utilize the spectral induced polarization (SIP) method to monitor the remediation process. Three biochar amended columns (5%, 10%, 25%) and one control were saturated with OMW from the Alikianos waste pond. After 10 day treatment the organic load was reduced on all biochar amended columns, with the 10% showing the highest reduction. Early results indicate aerobic degradation at the initial treatment stages, followed by anaerobic conditions later. SIP monitoring provides some very interesting results, with the real and imaginary components behaving differently. The real conductivity appears to increase significantly only for the 10% biochar column, the one with highest organic load removal. Imaginary conductivity appears to increase with time in all biochar amended columns, and it seems to be affected by the amount of biochar present. Finally, scaning electron microscopy (SEM) showed no alterations on the physical structure of the biochar, potentially allowing for multiple treatments and/or reusing. These early results suggest that biochar is suitable for OMW treatment, and SIP is sensitive to the remediation processes. Overall, the method is simple to setup, run and monitor and does not require any safety precautions. Further geochemical analysis is performed to provide additional insight on OMW and biochar processes, and their links to SIP responses.
Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Silicone Thermal Interface Materials With Varying Cross-Link Densities (2005)

Thermal Interface Materials (TIMs) play a key role in the thermal management of microelectronics by providing a path of low thermal impedance between the heat generating devices and the heat dissipating components (heat spreader/sink). In addition, TIMs need to reliably maintain this low thermal resistance path throughout the operating life of the device. Currently, several different TIM material solutions are employed to dissipate heat away from semiconductor devices. Thermal greases, adhesives, gels, pads, and phase change materials are among these material solutions. Each material system has its own advantages and associated application space. While thermal greases offer excellent thermal performance, their uncured state makes them susceptible to pump-out and other degradation mechanisms. On the other hand, adhesives offer structural support but offer a higher heat resistance path. Gels are designed to provide a level of cross-linking to allow the thermal performance of greases and prevent premature degradation. However, the degree of crosslinking can have a significant effect of the behavior of gels. In this research, TIMs with varying cross-linking densities are studied and their thermal and mechanical properties reported. The base resin systems and fillers were maintained constant, while slight compositional alternations were made to induce different degrees of cross-linking.
Back Cover: Promoted Fixation of Molecular Nitrogen with Surface Oxygen Vacancies on Plasmon‐Enhanced TiO2 Photoelectrodes (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 19/2018) (2018)

Ammonia synthesis by photoelectrochemical N2 reduction is not very energy-intensive and can be run at low or even ambient temperature and pressure. Surface O vacancies hold great potential for N2 adsorption and activation, but introducing O vacancies in the surface without affecting the bulk properties remains a great challenge. In their Communication on page 5278 ff., J. Gong and co-workers describe the promotional role of surface O vacancies in outer layers of amorphous TiO2 thin films in the adsorption and activation of N2 to facilitate N2 reduction to NH3.
Benefits of Inter-Tree Optimizations for Content based Publish Subscribe in Sensor Networks (2006)

Sensor networks pose the challenge of distribution of content generated within the network to the origins of requests for this content in an efficient and timely manner. In this paper, we formulate this multiple-source multiple-sink data dissemination problem as a content-based publish-subscribe problem. While previous research concentrated on optimizing each flow independently for energy consumption, we propose inter-flow optimizations for networkwide energy savings. We propose a methodology to construct multiple multicast trees, one for each publisher, so as to increase the extent of aggregation across multicast trees at intermediate nodes. We describe how inter-tree optimization, through aggregation of multiple publisher-subscriber flows at intermediate nodes, can be performed. Further, in the presence of application specified delay constraints, we extend our scheme to maximize aggregation while ensuring that the delay constraints are met.
Forces Acting in the Milwaukee Brace on Patients Undergoing Treatment for Idiopathic Scoliosis (1970)

The forces acting on the mandibular and occipital supports of the Milwaukee brace were measured in eleven patients undergoing treatment for idiopathic scoliosis. Special dynamometers were designed to measure three mutually perpendicular force components in both mandibular and occipital pads. Measurable loads were present during all activities. In the standing position, the average total tractive force was 1.94 kilograms. An increase in loads was noticed when the patients adopted the recumbent position, the average total traction was 3.08 kilograms when lying on the right side and 5.06 kilograms in the supine position. Exercises increased all force components, as did deep breathing or coughing, where individual force components up to seventeen kilograms were recorded. Removal of the thoracic pad induced a significant increase in forces in all patients. The highest loads were recorded in a patient who ultimately required operative treatment for progression of the curve.
Low-Voltage Poly-Si TFTs with Solution-Processed Aluminum Oxide Gate Dielectric (2011)

We report a solution-processed aluminum oxide (AlOx) film which is used as a gate dielectric for low-temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin-film transistors (TFTs). After oxygen plasma treatment on the LTPS layer, AlOx layer could be uniformly coated on the poly-Si with a sol-gel method. The p-channel TFTs fabricated with an AlOx gate dielectric exhibited a field-effect mobility of 53.91 cm2/V s, threshold voltage of −1.7 V and gate voltage swing of 0.265 V/decade. A twenty-three stage ring oscillator made of the LTPS TFTs showed a switching speed of 1.32 MHz at a supply voltage of 15 V.
α-Synuclein Structures Probed by 5-Fluorotryptophan Fluorescence and 19F NMR Spectroscopy (2006)

Alpha-synuclein, the main protein component of fibrillar deposits found in Parkinson's disease, is intrinsically disordered in vitro. Site-specific information on the protein conformation has been obtained by biosynthetic incorporation of an unnatural amino acid, 5-fluorotryptophan (5FW), into the recombinant protein. Using fluorescence and 19F NMR spectroscopy, we have characterized three proteins with 5FW at positions 4, 39, and 94. Steady-state emission spectra (maxima at 353 nm; quantum yields approximately 0.2) indicate that all three indole side chains are exposed to the aqueous medium. Virtually identical single-exponential excited-state decays (tau approximately 3.4 ns) were observed in all three cases. Single 19F NMR resonances were measured for W4, W39, and W94 at -49.0 +/- 0.1 ppm. Our analysis of the spectroscopic data suggests that the protein conformations are very similar in the regions near the three sites.
Phantom Perception of Sound and the Abnormal Cortical Inhibition System: An Electroencephalography (EEG) Study (2019)

Our results suggest that rTMS is a beneficial therapeutic treatment for chronic tinnitus patients and the dual-site treatment was the most effective in terms of both tinnitus complaint and quantitative indices. Thus, subjective reports and electrophysiological signatures may be complementary for the diagnosis/prognosis of tinnitus.
Weight gain and treatment for thyrotoxicosis (2002)

Sir,

We would like to highlight an important and often neglected area in the treatment and management of thyrotoxicosis. It has been the observation of the authors that following treatment for thyrotoxicosis, and rendering patients euthyroid, weight gain and hence compliance with treatment can be problematic. To determine whether treatment for thyrotoxicosis is associated with excessive weight gain we performed a retrospective case report analysis.

We studied 65 patients who had completed treatment for thyrotoxicosis. Weights at presentation of the untreated disorder, and weights at treated euthyroid and 6 months post restoration of the euthyroid state were ascertained from the case notes. Weight and height prior to the onset of hyperthyroidism were ascertained by direct questioning …
Conceptual Design of the Cooling System for 1700°C-Class, Hydrogen-Fueled Combustion Gas Turbines (1999)

The effects of three types of cooling systems on the calculated operating performances of a hydrogen-fueled thermal power plant with a 1,700°C-class gas turbine were studied with the goal of attaining a thermal efficiency of greater than 60 percent. The combination of a closed-circuit water cooling system for the nozzle blades and a steam cooling system for the rotor blades was found to be the most efficient, since it eliminated the penalties of a conventional open-circuit cooling system which ejects coolant into the main hot gas stream. Based on the results, the water cooled, first-stage nozzle blade and the steam cooled first-stage rotor blade were designed. The former features array of circular cooling holes close to the surface and uses a copper alloy taking advantage of recent coating technologies such as thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and metal coatings to decrease the temperature and protect the blade core material. The later has cooling by serpentine cooling passages with V-shaped staggered turbulence promoter ribs which intensify the internal cooling.
Sampling over finite unions (2014)

In the previous chapter we considered sampling of sparse finite-dimensional vectors. As we have seen, this setting can be viewed as a special case of a union model, where the subspaces Ui comprising the union are a direct sum of k one-dimensional subspaces, spanned by columns of the identity matrix. Thus, for each Ui = U, we have that