gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bis(Diphosphanyl N‐Heterocyclic Carbene) Gold Complex: A Synthon for Luminescent Rigid AuAg2 Arrays and Au5 and Cu6 Double Arrays (2016)

Abstract A mononuclear bis(NHC)/Au I (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) cationic complex with a rigid bis(phosphane)‐functionalized NHC ligand (PC NHC P) was used to construct linear Au 3 and Ag 2 Au arrays, a Au 5 cluster with two intersecting crosslike Au 3 arrays, and an unprecedented Cu 6 complex with two parallel Cu 3 arrays. The impact of metallophilic interactions on photoluminescence was studied experimentally.
An Electrochemical Investigation of Additive Effect in Trench-Filling of ULSI Interconnects by Electroless Copper Deposition (2007)

The filling of trenches in ULSI interconnect structure by electroless copper deposition was investigated for the effect of bath additives. The additive effect was found to depend strongly on the reducing agent used in the bath. Void-free trench-filling was achieved by using polyethylene glycol (PEG) as an inhibiting additive in the bath containing glyoxylic acid as the reducing agent, while the combined addition of 8-hydroxy-7-iodo-5-quinoline sulfonic acid (HIQSA) and PEG was necessary for achieving void-free filling in the bath containing formaldehyde as the reducing agent. The effect of PEG on trench filling in the former bath was studied in detail based on electrochemical measurements. It is suggested that the rinse water remaining in trenches before electroless deposition causes a decrease in PEG concentration at the trench bottom during copper filling. The addition of PEG was found to shift the deposition potential in the negative direction. A new potential measuring apparatus was devised and used in model experiments, which revealed that the deposition potential depends on the local concentration of PEG at the trench bottom, where it is expected to be low. The observed preferential growth of copper deposit at the trench bottom is thus attributed to the effects of the variation of PEG concentration within the trenches on the deposition rate and potential.
Supplementary Figure Legend 1 from Local Delivery of lnterleukin-12 Using T Cells Targeting VEGF Receptor-2 Eradicates Multiple Vascularized Tumors in Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 66K&lt;/p&gt;
Réponses populationnelles à la contamination chez Gammarus (Crustacea): modifications des sensibilités toxicologiques et des traits d'histoire de vie (2014)

/ L'exposition chronique des populations aux contaminants peut conduire à des modifications de leur sensibilité\ntoxicologique et des changements de leurs traits d'histoire de vie. La possibilité de telles modifications questionne la\nreprésentativité environnementale des tests écotoxicologiques, notamment obtenus au laboratoire, et pose la question de l'importance des processus évolutifs en écotoxicologie. Comprendre ces phénomènes, les mécanismes sous-jacents (adaptation, acclimatation), et leurs éventuels effets indirects sur la vulnérabilité des populations, en particulier dans les milieux, est devenu essentiel pour assurer une évaluation du risque écologique associé à la contamination chimique pertinente. Au cours de précédents travaux, nous avons identifié une population de Gammarus fossarum historiquement exposée\nau cadmium (Cd) (fond géochimique), nous permettant ainsi d'étudier les processus évolutifs induit par la contamination dans un contexte environnemental. Pour répondre à ces questions, nous avons adopté une démarche rétrospective consistant à comparer les niveaux de tolérance au Cd et les traits d'histoire de vie de cette population test vis-à-vis de la variabilité existante entre populations de milieu non contaminé (populations de référence). Pour cela, une vingtaine de populations du groupe Gammarus fossarum-pulex naïves vis-à-vis du Cd ont été sélectionnées à l'échelle régionale (Bourgogne, Rhône-Alpes). Un génotypage des populations (COI) a également été réalisé. Des expositions aigues au Cd au laboratoire, ainsi que des protocoles de génétique quantitative (half-sib design) ont été conduits. Ces expériences ont permis de mettre évidence une augmentation de la tolérance au Cd au sein de la population exposée, tolérance transmissible à la descendance (F1 produits en conditions non-contaminées). Cependant, cette tolérance ne semble pas pouvoir s'expliquer par une adaptation génétique (faible héritabilité de la sensibilité au Cd au sein des populations naïves), mais par une acclimatation physiologique accompagnée d'effets transgénérationnels via l'exposition maternelle. Un suivi de population et la mesure de traits d'histoire de vie ont également révélé une divergence de la population tolérante au Cd par rapport aux populations de référence (décalage dans les distributions de tailles, tendance à une plus grande fertilité et une croissance plus faible). Ces modifications peuvent être interprétées soit comme des coûts de fitness associés à la tolérance au Cd, soit comme une adaptation de la dynamique de cette population.\nCes résultats montrent qu'une exposition chronique à la contamination dans le milieu d'une population peut non\nseulement induire des modifications des sensibilités toxicologiques mais aussi des traits d'histoires de vie, et soulignent l'importance de prendre en compte ces phénomènes dans un cadre écotoxicologique.
Dynamic performance of static and synchronous compensators at an HVDC inverter bus in a very weak AC system (1994)

This paper discusses the performance of dynamic voltage control devices at the inverters of very weak AC power systems. The types of compensation considered are: (a) static VAr compensators (SVC); (b) synchronous compensators (SC); (c) a mix of the two; and (d) fixed capacitors. Although the primary purpose of these compensators is to control voltage at the AC bus, their dynamic performance during system disturbances is a very important factor. The investigation includes the behavior of the various voltage control options under AC and DC disturbances. The paper shows that the SVC has the fastest response for load rejection type of overvoltages, but can cause serious problems with recovery during undervoltages caused by single phase faults. The CIGRE benchmark model for HVDC control studies has been modified and used in this study. In particular the effect of local load has been included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Envelope-Constrained Neutralization-Sensitive HIV-1 After Heterosexual Transmission (2004)

Heterosexual transmission accounts for the majority of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infections worldwide, yet the viral properties that determine transmission fitness or outgrowth have not been elucidated. Here we show, for eight heterosexual transmission pairs, that recipient viruses were monophyletic, encoding compact, glycan-restricted envelope glycoproteins. These viruses were also uniquely sensitive to neutralization by antibody from the transmitting partner. Thus, the exposure of neutralizing epitopes, which are lost in chronic infection because of immune escape, appears to be favored in the newly infected host. This reveals characteristics of the envelope glycoprotein that influence HIV-1 transmission and may have implications for vaccine design.
Dosage Form (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Effect of the vesicular stomatitis virus matrix protein on the lateral organization of lipid bilayers containing phosphatidylglycerol: use of fluorescent phospholipid analogs (1985)

In order to investigate the mode of interaction of peripheral membrane proteins with the lipid bilayer, the basic (pI approximately 9.1) matrix (M) protein of vesicular stomatitis virus was reconstituted with small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) containing phospholipids with acidic head groups. The lateral organization of lipids in such reconstituted membranes was probed by fluorescent phospholipid analogues labeled with pyrene fatty acids. The excimer/monomer (E/M) fluorescence intensity ratios of the intrinsic pyrene phospholipid probes were measured at various temperatures in M protein reconstituted SUV composed of 50 mol % each of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylglycerol (DPPG). The M protein showed relatively small effects on the E/M ratio either in the gel or in the liquid-crystalline phase. However, during the gel to liquid-crystalline phase transition, the M protein induced a large increase in the E/M ratio due to phase separation of lipids into a neutral DPPC-rich phase and DPPG domains presumably bound to M protein. Similar phase separation of bilayer lipids was also observed in the M protein reconstituted with mixed lipid vesicles containing one low-melting lipid component (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine or 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylglycerol) or a low mole percent of cholesterol. The self-quenching of 4-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD) fluorescence, as a measure of lipid clustering in the bilayer, was also studied in M protein reconstituted DPPC-DPPG vesicles containing 5 mol % NBD-phosphatidylethanolamine (NBD-PE). The quenching of NBD-PE was enhanced at least 2-fold in M protein reconstituted vesicles at temperatures within or below the phase transition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Predictors of clinical outcomes after non-operative management of symptomatic full-thickness rotator cuff tears (2021)

Patients with full thickness rotator cuff tears can achieve and maintain clinically meaningful benefit from non-surgical management through 2-year follow-up. Female patients, smokers, and those with significant subscapularis fatty infiltration tend to have lower overall WORC scores at 1-year follow-up, and females also have lower WORC scores at 2-year follow-up. Patients presenting with symptoms greater than 1 year had less clinical improvement at 1-year follow-up, and those with traumatic tears had greater clinical improvement at 2-year follow-up.
Dynamic Trust Management (2009)

We continue to investigate the use of trust management techniques to specify dynamic policies in complex integrated service-oriented networks. For this work, we use the DoD GIG's service-oriented architecture as a focal point. In this research's initial phase, we are developing prototype dynamic trust management policy services for a service-oriented architecture. In our research's next phase, we will develop and analyze policies with properties that maintain strict separation between services while allowing exceptions. Finally, we are developing improved trust management languages and systems that more explicitly support dynamic policies in service-oriented architectures, based on the semantic and performance experiences gained in the research's first phases. Our focus will be twofold. First, we will explore adding trust-management language features that better support dynamic policies, based both on our experiences in the initial research and on the GIG's specific requirements. Second, we will conduct experiments to measure the performance implications of incorporating the trust management layer in the various layers of such systems. A significant open research question is whether trust management is architecturally best implemented as a low-level operating system service, an application-layer service, or somewhere in between.
Hemostatic management in hemophilia A patients with a high-titer of factor VIII inhibitors using recombinant factor VIIa (NN-007) (1993)

Activated prothrombin complex concentrate (APCC), a by-passing hemostatic preparation for hemophilia A patients with a high titer of factor VIII inhibitors, often has an unpredictable hemostatic effect and occasionally results in severe thromboembolic complications. A clinical trial was conducted on 3 hemophilic patients with a high titer of factor VIII inhibitors to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa; NN-007), an alternative by-passing preparaton. At the same time thrombelastgram (TEG) was evaluated to be better than activated-partial thromboplastin time (APTT) as a monitor of hemostatic effects when using rFVIIa. TEG was more suitable than APTT, because r, r+k and ma values of TEG were normalized at least for 4 hours after the infusion, whereas APTT was variably shortened and was not always maintained at a normal level for 4 hours. Sixty five μg/kg to 80μg/kg of rFVIIa was administered on demand once to 12 times per one bleeding episode. Eighty bleeding episodes were assessed during the 36-week treatment period. The efficacy rate of the hemostatic effect was confirmed to be 97.5%. No adverse reactions including laboratory or clinical DIC were observed in a total of 123 infusions. No anamnestic response of the factor VIII inhibitor developed. Vital signs and laboratory findings showed no significant changes attributable to rFVIIa. These findings suggest that rFVIIa is safe and efficacious as a by-passing hemostatic preparation for hemophilia A patients with a high titer of factor VIII inhibitors.
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology for Chemical and Biological Defense (2009)

The Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense (JSTO-CBD), which is operated within the Defense Threat Reduction Agency's (DTRA) Chemical and Biological Technologies Directorate, has the responsibility to develop and manage the technology base for chemical and biological passive defense capabilities. The challenge of novel protective systems focus on factors such as burden, costs, duration of performance and effectiveness against a full range of agents. These challenges require the development of materials and systems that capture, block or destroy agents more effectively than the current systems. These technology solutions must also decrease material weight and costs, while reducing burden and lessening the impact on mission performance. Specific challenges in different technology areas and some approaches to addressing them are briefly described.
Focus on the physics of biofilms (2015)

Bacteria are the smallest and most abundant form of life. They have traditionally been considered as primarily planktonic organisms, swimming or floating in a liquid medium, and this view has shaped many of the approaches to microbial processes, including for example the design of most antibiotics. However, over the last few decades it has become clear that many bacteria often adopt a sessile, surface-associated lifestyle, forming complex multicellular communities called biofilms. Bacterial biofilms are found in a vast range of environments and have major consequences on human health and industrial processes, from biofouling of surfaces to the spread of diseases. Although the study of biofilms has been biologists’ territory for a long time, a multitude of phenomena in the formation and development of biofilms hinges on physical processes. We are pleased to present a collection of research papers that discuss some of the latest developments in many of the areas to which physicists can contribute a deeper understanding of biofilms, both experimentally and theoretically. The topics covered range from the influence of physical environmental parameters on cell attachment and subsequent biofilm growth, to the use of local probes and imaging techniques to investigate biofilm structure, to the development of biofilms in complex environments and the modeling of colony morphogenesis. The results presented contribute to addressing some of the major challenges in microbiology today, including the prevention of surface contamination, the optimization of biofilm disruption methods and the effectiveness of antibiotic treatments.
ChemInform Abstract: WATER‐SOLUBLE DERIVATIVES OF 3‐OXY‐SUBSTITUTED 1,4‐BENZODIAZEPINES (1975)

Abstract Die Einwirkung der äquivalenten Menge an Kaliumhydroxid und Methyljodid auf das Benzodiazepinon (I) führt zu dem N‐Methyl‐Derivat (II).
Critical Role of Alkyl Chain Branching of Organic Semiconductors in Enabling Solution-Processed N-Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors with Mobility of up to 3.50 cm2 V–1 s–1 (2013)

Substituted side chains are fundamental units in solution processable organic semiconductors in order to achieve a balance of close intermolecular stacking, high crystallinity, and good compatibility with different wet techniques. Based on four air-stable solution-processed naphthalene diimides fused with 2-(1,3-dithiol-2-ylidene)malononitrile groups (NDI-DTYM2) that bear branched alkyl chains with varied side-chain length and different branching position, we have carried out systematic studies on the relationship between film microstructure and charge transport in their organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). In particular synchrotron measurements (grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure) are combined with device optimization studies to probe the interplay between molecular structure, molecular packing, and OTFT mobility. It is found that the side-chain length has a moderate influence on thin-film microstructure but leads to only limited changes in OTFT performance. In contrast, the position of branching point results in subtle, yet critical changes in molecular packing and leads to dramatic differences in electron mobility ranging from ~0.001 to >3.0 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Incorporating a NDI-DTYM2 core with three-branched N-alkyl substituents of C(11,6) results in a dense in-plane molecular packing with an unit cell area of 127 Å(2), larger domain sizes of up to 1000 × 3000 nm(2), and an electron mobility of up to 3.50 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), which is an unprecedented value for ambient stable n-channel solution-processed OTFTs reported to date. These results demonstrate that variation of the alkyl chain branching point is a powerful strategy for tuning of molecular packing to enable high charge transport mobilities.
Degradation of moulding compounds during highly accelerated stress tests. A simple approach to study adhesion by performing button shear tests (2011)

High temperature storage can degrade moulding compounds for chip encapsulation to such an extent that the adhesion to surfaces like copper (lead frames) or polyimide (chip coating) decreases drastically causing delamination. Also during normal operation of electronic components heat is generated locally (bond wire or chip surface) degrading the moulding compound and reducing the adhesion which in extreme cases can destroy the metallisation or the bond wires.
Elastography (2010)

Many diseases are known to be associated with changes in the mechanical properties of tissue. Palpation of the breast and thyroid, for example, continues to be a part of routine clinical exams, because many neoplasms can be detected by touch as they have different properties than a healthy tissue. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive technique for imaging the mechanical properties of tissue in vivo. In MRE, the tissue is stressed quasi-statically or dynamically, and the internal displacement of the tissue is imaged using various MRI techniques. The displacement images can be used to indicate qualitative changes in the tissue (e.g., strain) and to quantitatively determine tissue mechanical properties (e.g., the shear modulus). MRE techniques have been developed for studying many tissues, including liver, breast, muscle, heel pad, brain, and kidney. Information provided by MRE can help to characterize both healthy and diseased tissues to improve the diagnosis of various diseases.
Deep blue light-emitting diodes based on Cd1−xZnxS@ZnS quantum dots (2009)

We demonstrate deep blue light-emitting diodes based on chemically synthesized Cd(1-x)Zn(x) S @ ZnS quantum dots (QDs). Composite films of poly-(N,N'-bis(4-butylphenyl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)benzidine) (poly-TPD) and 4,4',N,N'-diphenylcarbazole (CBP) are employed for facilitated hole injection into Cd(1-x)Zn(x) S @ ZnS QDs and uniform QD deposition. The fabricated devices possess moderate turn-on voltage (6 V) and external quantum efficiency (0.1-0.3%), and exhibit color-saturated blue emission with a narrow spectral bandwidth of full width at half maximum <25 nm (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.169, 0.024) and (0.156, 0.028) for devices with electroluminescence (EL) lambda(max) at 434 and 454 nm, respectively). Most of the emission originates from the Cd(1-x)Zn(x) S @ ZnS QD layers (99% of the total EL emission).
BAX 855, a PEGylated rFVIII product with prolonged half-life (2012)

Summary A longer acting recombinant FVIII is expected to serve patients’ demand for a more convenient prophylactic therapy. We have developed BAX 855, a PEGylated form of Baxter’s rFVIII product ADVATE™ based on the ADVATE™ manufacturing process. The conjugation process for preparing BAX 855 uses a novel PEG reagent. The production process was adjusted to yield a rFVIII conjugate with a low PEGylation degree of about 2 moles PEG per FVIII molecule. This optimised modification degree resulted in an improved PK profile for rFVIII without compromising its specific activity. PEGylation sites were identified by employing various HPLC- and MS-based methods. These studies not only indicated that about 60% of the PEG chains are localised to the B-domain, which is cleaved off upon physiological activation during the coagulation process, but also demonstrated an excellent lot to lot consistency with regard to PEGylation site distribution. Detailed biochemical characterization further showed that PEGylated FVIII retained all the physiological functions of the FVIII molecule with the exception of binding to the LRP clearance receptor which was reduced for BAX 855 compared to ADVATE™. This might provide an explanation for the prolonged circulation time of BAX 855 as reduced receptor binding might slow-down clearance. Preclinical studies showed improved pharmacokinetic behaviour and clinically relevant prolonged efficacy compared to ADVATE™ without any signs of toxicity or elevated immunogenicity. The comprehensive preclinical data package formed the basis for approval of the phase 1 clinical study by European authorities which started in 2011.
Synthesis and Resolution of a Novel Chiral Diamine Ligand and Application to Asymmetric Lithiation−Substitution (2000)

A short, efficient synthesis of chiral 1,5-diaza-cis-decalins (7) is presented. In the lithiation of N-Boc pyrrolidine, the ligands with the smallest most electron rich R groups (Me > Et > CH2tBu > CH2CF3 approximately Bn) were most effective. In the asymmetric deprotonation/substitution of benzylic substrates, (R,R)-7 (R = Me, R' = H) conferred modest selectivity. The ready availability of both enantiomers of the 1,5-diaza-cis-decalins and the ability to tune steric and electronic properties renders these compounds an attractive new class of diamine ligands.