gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel modeling approach for fiber breakage during molding of long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (2021)

Long fiber-reinforced thermoplastics (LFTs) are an attractive design option for many engineering applications due to their excellent mechanical properties and processability. When processing these materials, the length of the fibers inevitably decreases, which ultimately affects the mechanical performance of the finished part. Since none of the existing modeling techniques can accurately predict fiber damage of LFTs during injection molding, a new phenomenological approach for modeling fiber attrition is presented. First, multiple controlled studies employing a Couette rheometer are performed to determine correlations between processing conditions, material properties, and fiber length reduction. The results show shear stress and fiber concentration impact fiber damage. Based on these findings, a phenomenological model to predict breaking rate and unbreakable length of a fiber under giving conditions is developed. The model is based on the beam theory with distributed hydrodynamic stresses acting on a fiber. Fiber–fiber interactions are accounted for and correlated with the fiber volume fraction via a fitting parameter. The model tracks both the number-average and weight-average fiber length during processing, which can in turn be used to extract the fiber length distribution.
Cancer radiotheranostics targeting carbonic anhydrase-IX with 111In- and 90Y-labeled ureidosulfonamide scaffold for SPECT imaging and radionuclide-based therapy (2018)

Hypoxic cells dynamically translocate during tumor growth and after radiotherapy. The most desirable direction for therapy targeting hypoxic cells is combining imaging and therapy (theranostics), which may help realize personalized medicine. Here, we conducted cancer radiotheranostics targeting carbonic anhydrase-IX (CA-IX), which is overexpressed in many kinds of hypoxic cancer cells, using low-molecular-weight <sup>111</sup>In and <sup>90</sup>Y complexes with a bivalent ureidosulfonamide scaffold as the CA-IX-binding moiety ([<sup>111</sup>In/<sup>90</sup>Y]US2). <b>Methods:</b> The targeting ability of [<sup>111</sup>In]US2 was evaluated by <i>in vivo</i> biodistribution study in CA-IX high-expressing (HT-29) tumor-bearing mice. <i>In vivo</i> imaging of HT-29 tumors was carried out using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). [<sup>90</sup>Y]US2 was administered to HT-29 tumor-bearing mice to evaluate cancer therapeutic effects. <b>Results:</b> [<sup>111</sup>In]US2 highly and selectively accumulated within HT-29 tumors (4.57% injected dose/g tumor at 1 h postinjection), was rapidly cleared from the blood pool and muscle after 4 h based on a biodistribution study, and visualized HT-29 tumor xenografts in mice at 4 h postinjection with SPECT. Radionuclide-based therapy with [<sup>90</sup>Y]US2 significantly delayed HT-29 tumor growth compared with that of untreated mice (<i>P</i> = 0.02 on day 28, Student's <i>t</i>-test), without any critical hematological toxicity due to its rapid pharmacokinetics. <b>Conclusion:</b> These results indicate that cancer radiotheranostics with [<sup>111</sup>In/<sup>90</sup>Y]US2 provides a novel strategy of theranostics for cancer hypoxia.
Sequential tunneling and spin degeneracy of zero-dimensional states (2000)

The effects of the spin degeneracy of single, zero-dimensional, localized, donor impurity states are investigated. We report a nontrivial effect on the zero-magnetic-field current-voltage $[I(V)]$ characteristics of a localized state resulting from its spin degeneracy. We detect a deviation from the expected Fermi function thermal broadening of the observed current step in the $I(V)$ characteristics. We quantitatively model this deviation in a sequential tunneling picture in terms of a new phenomenological parameter, the occupancy of the localized state $(p).$ The spin degeneracy of the state is lifted in a magnetic field (Zeeman splitting) causing the current step to split. The two fragments of the split current step are observed to have different magnitudes. An investigation of this effect also enables the measurement of p as reported earlier [Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 1328 (1996)]. We compare the two methods of determining the occupancy (p) and find a good agreement between them. Both these methods also enable us to determine the electron tunneling rates across each of the two potential barriers of the device independently. We also identify certain features in the $I(V)$ characteristics at higher bias that have different thermal and magnetic-field properties than most other regular features. We attribute these to double occupancy of the electrons in the localized states when the barrier for that is overcome at higher bias. The phenomenological theory developed in this paper explains these observations quite accurately.
Van der Waals Epitaxial Double Heterostructure: InAs/Single‐Layer Graphene/InAs (2013)

Van der Waals (vdW) epitaxial double heterostructures have been fabricated by vdW epitaxy of InAs nanostructures on both sides of graphene. InAs nanostructures diametrically form on/underneath graphene exclusively along As-polar direction, indicating polarity inversion of the double heterostructures. First-principles and density functional calculations demonstrate how and why InAs easily form to be double heterostructures with polarity inversion.
Dissecting the action of an evolutionary conserved non-coding region on renin promoter activity (2007)

Elucidating the mechanisms of the human transcriptional regulatory network is a major challenge of the post-genomic era. One important aspect is the identification and functional analysis of regulatory elements in non-coding DNA. Genomic sequence comparisons between related species can guide the discovery of cis-regulatory sequences. Using this technique, we identify a conserved region CNSmd of approximately 775 bp in size, approximately 14 kb upstream of the renin gene. Renin plays a pivotal role for mammalian blood pressure regulation and electrolyte balance. To analyse the cis-regulatory role of this region in detail, we perform 132 combinatorial reporter gene assays in an in vitro Calu-6 cell line model. To dissect the role of individual subregions, we fit several mathematical models to the experimental data. We show that a multiplicative switch model fits best the experimental data and that one subregion has a dominant effect on promoter activity. Mapping of the sub-sequences on phylogenetic conservation data reveals that the dominant regulatory region is the one with the highest multi-species conservation score.
Li{sub x}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} (0 (1999)

It has been discovered that lithium can be inserted into the intermetallic compound Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} in a two-phase reaction to yield the product Li{sub x}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} (x{approx}13). This finding has important implications for designing new intermetallic insertion electrodes (anodes) for rechargeable lithium batteries. The theoretical capacity of Li{sub x}Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5} derived from the eta-phase, {eta}-Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5}, with a NiAs-type structure is 358 mAh/g for x{sub max}=13, which corresponds to a fully lithiated composition Li{sub 2.17}CuSn{sub 0.83}; this capacity is close to the theoretical capacity of lithiated graphite LiC{sub 6} (372 mAh/g). The reaction occurs at approximately 0.4 V vs. lithium metal. The best cycling efficiency is obtained when the end voltage is restricted to 200 mV above the potential of lithium metal. A mechanism is proposed for the insertion of lithium into {eta}-Cu{sub 6}Sn{sub 5}.
Performance of ML methods in estimating net energy produced in a combined cycle power plant (2018)

One of the most fundamental problems in the generation of electricity is the supply of energy demand, and the inability to store excess energy produced. This nature of generation increases the cost of the generated energy and brings with it the need for intelligent energy management. When the need of energy in demand side and the output of energy produced in a generator is known, right amount of electrical energy can be supplied to the consumer with lower cost. The accurate estimation of the net energy produced in a power plant is an important task to supply low cost energy. Recently, machine learning (ML) approaches are proposed to predict the net hourly electrical energy produced from power plants. In this paper, the performance of ML methods in estimating net energy produced in a combined cycle power plant is presented. Performance of k-NN, Simple Linear, Linear, Decision Tree, Bayesian Linear, Gaussian Naive Bayes, and RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) Regression methods were evaluated. k-NN, Linear Regression and RANSAC regressions achieved the best performance among the other tested ML methods.
Petroleum Cracking Catalyst Characterization (1991)

The characterization of petroleum cracking catalysts, with which a third of the world's crude oil is processed, presents a formidable analytical challenge. The catalyst particles are in the form of microspheres of 60-70 micron average diameter which are themselves composites of up to five different micron and submicron sized phases. In refinery operation the catalysts are poisoned by trace concentrations of nickel, vanadium and other contaminant metals. Due to the replacement of a small portion of equilibrium catalyst each day (generally around 1% of the total reactor inventory) the catalyst particles in a reactor exist as a mixture of differing particle ages, poisoning levels and activities. Direct imaging SIMS has been shown to be capable of viewing both the phases and contaminants within individual catalyst particles, and differences from particle to particle. Multiple image processing techniques now allow the rapid analysis of the relative concentrations of several elements (normally 6-8) on a large number of particles (50-100) using multiple low magnification SIMS images. Using the fact that nickel concentrations increase systematically with a particle's age permits the analysis of poisoning and elemental composition as a function of a particle's "time in the reactor." Within individual particles, SIMS views coupled with elemental image ratios and overlays have also allowed the measurement of the quantity of each phase (such as zeolite and alumina) and the distribution of nickel and vanadium poisons in relationship to those phases.
Progress in I-Module: Towards Improved Performance, Reliability and Module-Level Fabrication Technologies for Back-Contact PV Modules Based on Ultra-Thin Silicon Solar Cells (2011)

This paper presents the progress made at imec in its i-module concepts, towards integrating ultra-thin silicon solar cells into modules. First, it provides an update with respect to the work that was presented at the previous EUPVSEC conference, in terms of coating, placement and interconnection technology, as well as results obtained in reliability and modeling. Then, the next step in the roadmap, going towards module-level fabrication of the solar cells, is elaborated: the approach is discussed, and results are presented.
Bowtie microstrip patch antenna based on the Sierpinski fractal (2002)

The unique geometrical properties of fractals have been proven to be useful to design advanced antennas. Enhanced performance in terms of size, gain or multiband behaviour is observed in fractal-shaped antennas. Here, a small and high directivity antenna based on the Sierpinski bowtie geometry is presented.
Acute postoperative pain is an independent predictor of chronic postsurgical pain following total knee arthroplasty at 6 months: a prospective cohort study (2019)

APSP is a risk factor for CPSP following TKA even after adjusting for confounding variables such as pain catastrophizing, anxiety, depression and functional status. Studies are needed to determine if APSP is a modifiable risk factor for the development of CPSP.
Low-Molecular-Weight Protein Competition for Binding Sites on Renal Brush Border Membranes (1994)

Immunoglobulin light chains, beta 2-microglobulin, insulin, and lysozyme are low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWP) shown to bind to renal brush border membranes. Competition among these proteins and the role of electrical charge in binding to brush border membranes have not been resolved. To investigate these factors, we performed displacement experiments with [125I]-labeled beta 2-microglobulin (pI = 5.6) using six species of LMWP over a pI range of 4.4-11.0. The inhibition constants, Ki, of these six competing ligands, kappa- and lambda-light chains, lysozyme, insulin, cytochrome c, and myoglobin, determined from the log displacement curves, ranged from 4 x 10(-5) to 8 x 10(-4) M. These experiments show marked cross-competition among LMWP for binding to brush border membranes. There was no correlation between Ki and pI indicating that the molecular structure is a more important determinant of LMWP binding to brush border membranes than net electrical charge.
Mo Silicide EUV pellicle (2020)

Molybdenum disilicide (MoSi2) pellicle membrane was fabricated and its optical/thermal properties were compared with Ru-capped pellicle and SiNx pellicle. EUV reflectance was measured through EUV Coherent Scattering Microscope, and thermal stability was evaluated using 355nm laser source emulating EUV exposure condition. As a result, it was confirmed that MoSi2 pellicle showed sufficiently lower reflectance and comparable thermal durability under 300 W EUV matched source power compares with the Ru-capped SiNx pellicle. Further study is now underway to improve emissivity and mechanical stability.
Table S3 from Investigation of Antigen-Specific T-Cell Receptor Clusters in Human Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HLA genotype information for the 9 individuals with HSFX1 expression.&lt;/p&gt;
Optimisation de la Couverture d’un Radar 3D à Balayage Électronique par Programmation Linéaire en Nombres Entiers (2016)

National audience
Peripancreatic Paraganglioma (2011)

Paragangliomas are rare neuroendocrine neoplasms arising in extra-adrenal chromaffin cells of the autonomic nervous system. In rare instances, paragangliomas present around and involve the pancreas, thereby mimicking one of the more common primary pancreatic lesions. These neoplasms present considerable diagnostic difficulty not only for the clinician and radiologist but also for the pathologist. We have collected a series of 9 peripancreatic paragangliomas clinically simulating a primary pancreatic lesion. The paragangliomas were diagnosed in 4 men and 5 women with an age range of 37 to 78 years (mean, 50 y). Patients presented clinically either with diffuse epigastric and abdominal pain (7 of 9, 78%) or with an incidental mass (2 of 9, 22%) discovered on routine radiographic imaging. All patients were found to have mass lesions suspicious for a primary pancreatic neoplasm on radiographic examination. The lesions were predominantly located in the body of the pancreas (5 of 9, 56%) and ranged in size from 5.5 to 17.0 cm (mean, 10.0 cm). Five of 9 (56%) neoplasms also demonstrated cystic change. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) was performed on 6 cases; however, the diagnostic accuracy was low, with 3 of 6 (50%) neoplasms misdiagnosed as pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET) (n=1), spindle cell neoplasm (n=1), or pseudocyst (n=1). In addition, 2 of 8 (25%) surgically resected tumors were misdiagnosed by the referring pathologist as a PanNET. Immunohistochemistry was performed on all cases, confirming the characteristic 2-cell populations: chief cells (synaptophysin positive and chromogranin A positive) and sustentacular cells (S-100 protein positive). Follow-up information was available for all patients and ranged from 2 months to 11.6 years (mean, 2.7 y). Three of 9 (33%) patients developed metastatic disease, and 2 of these 3 died of their disease at 2.8 and 4.6 years after diagnosis. In summary, in unsuspected cases, interpretation of FNA and surgical pathology resections can be diagnostically challenging. Awareness and proper recognition of this entity, including differential diagnosis, are imperative in establishing the correct diagnosis. Further, close follow-up of these cases should be considered because of the significant risk of metastatic disease.
Structural, functional analysis and localization of the human CAP18 gene (1996)

CAP18 is an antimicrobial protein found in specific granules of PMNs. The human CAP18 (HCAP18) gene was cloned from a human genomic phage library. Sequence analysis revealed the HCAP18 gene to have 4 exons spanning 3 kb, including 700 bp of upstream DNA. Using 3' RACE no homologs of human HCAP18 were found in human bone marrow or leukocyte populations. By PCR analysis of a somatic cell mapping panel and fluorescence in situ hybridization of a genomic clone to metaphase chromosomes the gene was mapped to chromosome band 3p21.3. Like several other genes expressed late in PMN development the CAP18 gene did not contain typical TATA box or CCAAT sequences. Expression in Cos 7 cells permitted limited mapping of the promoter function in upstream fragments of the HCAP18 gene. Western blot, Northern blot and RT-PCR analysis show HCAP18 to be produced specifically in granulocytes. This work forms the groundwork for future analysis of the genetic regulation of this antimicrobial protein during PMN differentiation.
Swallowing a Surgeon: Toward Clinical Nanorobots (2017)

In this Account, "a step toward clinical nanorobots" is proposed as one of the Holy Grails in chemistry, which could lead to a great leap in the field of biomedicines when accomplished. We review our preliminary contributions to this challenge by engineering chaperonin protein GroEL to generate de novo structures and functions.
A Micro Helico-Kinematic Platform via Spherical Crank Sliders (2004)

A novel surface micromachined mechanism, the Micro Helico-Kinematic Platform (MHKP), is presented. The MHKP achieves a combination of vertical out-of-plane translation and in-plane rotation (helical motion) of a platform with an in-plane rotational input. The motion achieved requires specialized analysis techniques in spherical kinematics and introduces the micro spherical crank-slider. Spherical kinematic concepts are reviewed to aid in describing the motion and conveying the scope of the device’s design freedom. The force and displacement relations for the mechanism are derived using virtual work techniques. A surface micromachined prototype was fabricated and tested. Testing indicates that the sliding interface between the spherical crank sliders and the platform results in some stick-slip friction and that the mechanism is able to achieve its full range of motion. The vertical motion of the platform can be advantageous in micro manipulation applications such as the positioning of micro-optical components.
First‐Principles Design of Highly Active and Selective Catalysts for Phosgene‐Free Synthesis of Aromatic Polyurethanes (2012)

Design-Katalysator: DFT-Rechnungen zufolge kann Phosgen in der Carbamoylierung von Arylaminen durch Dimethylcarbonat (DMC) ersetzt werden, wenn ein CeO2-Katalysator genutzt wird, der vorrangig die energiearme {111}-Fläche präsentiert. Experimente bestätigen diese Voraussage: CeO2-Nanooktaeder mit energiearmen {111}-Flächen führen hoch aktiv und selektiv zum gewünschten, doppelt carbamoylierten Produkt. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Pathogenicity and peramivir efficacy in immunocompromised murine models of influenza B virus infection (2017)

Influenza B viruses are important human pathogens that remain inadequately studied, largely because available animal models are poorly defined. Here, we developed an immunocompromised murine models for influenza B virus infection, which we subsequently used to study pathogenicity and to examine antiviral efficacy of the neuraminidase inhibitor peramivir. We studied three influenza B viruses that represent both the Yamagata (B/Massachusetts/2/2012 and B/Phuket/3073/2013) and Victoria (B/Brisbane/60/2008, BR/08) lineages. BR/08 was the most pathogenic in genetically modified immunocompromised mice [BALB scid and non-obese diabetic (NOD) scid strains] causing lethal infection without prior adaptation. The immunocompromised mice demonstrated prolonged virus shedding with modest induction of immune responses compared to BALB/c. Rather than severe virus burden, BR/08 virus-associated disease severity correlated with extensive virus spread and severe pulmonary pathology, stronger and persistent natural killer cell responses, and the extended induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In contrast to a single-dose treatment (75 mg/kg/day), repeated doses of peramivir rescued BALB scid mice from lethal challenge with BR/08, but did not result in complete virus clearance. In summary, we have established immunocompromised murine models for influenza B virus infection that will facilitate evaluations of the efficacy of currently available and investigational anti-influenza drugs.
Resistance to antibiotics in gram-negative rods from clinical material of hospital and community origin. (1995)

The authors examined the resistance to 13 antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents by the diluting micromethod and the routine disk method in the group of 5375 gram-negative strains of 7 genera which prevailed in clinical material of an hospital (FN Olomouc) and in material of community (OHS Olomouc) provenance during the years 1992 and 1993. In the majority of cases, the resistance was more frequent in the strains isolated from the hospital material. The most remarkable differences were found in A cinetobacter sp. (9-76%), Enterobacter sp. (10-60%) and Citrobacter sp. (18-58%). In other examined species, the differences varied in the ranges 3-40% in E.coli, 2-33% in Klebsiella sp., 0-28% in P. vulgaris, 2-28% in P.mirabilis, 0-16% in M.morganii, and 0-13% in P. aeruginosa.
Magnetotransport and magnetic properties of molecular-beam epitaxy L1 FePt thin films (2000)

The magnetotransport and magnetic properties of chemically ordered (001) L10 FePt epitaxial thin films with small scale perpendicularly magnetized stripe domains have been investigated. Film growth conditions are used to systematically vary the degree of chemical order, the magnetic anisotropy, and magnetic domain sizes. The longitudinal and transverse (Hall) resistivities are correlated with both film chemical order and magnetic properties. The low-field magnetoresistance shows evidence of domain effects. In the highest anisotropy and most chemically ordered film studied, this low field magnetoresistance is consistent with an intrinsic domain wall scattering contribution to the resistivity.
Calculation of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Kuiper statistics over fuzzy samples (2017)

Fuzzy samples contain measurements that are only partially associated with their underlying population. This paper offers numerical indices for the difference of population distributions approximated over fuzzy samples. Formulae for the Kolmogorov-Smimov (KS) and Kuiper (Ku) statistics in the case of fuzzy empirical cumulative distribution functions are given. It proves that the supreme in these criteria' standard formulae convert to maxima in the analyzed case, which substantially facilitates calculations. As a by-product, the paper also proves formulae for KS and Ku in the case of rigid samples (that are often used but never properly formalized). If Bootstrap and Monte Carlo simulations are employed to construct the distribution of KS and Ku and find the p-value of the tests, then the quick and reliable calculation of the test statistics in each pseudo reality are of great importance. The derived formula for KS and Ku improve the quality of the simulation itself.