gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural studies of polymers with hydrophilic spacer groups. 2. Infrared spectroscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of polymers with fluorocarbon side chains at ambient and elevated temperatures (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural studies of polymers with hydrophilic spacer groups. 2. Infrared spectroscopy of Langmuir-Blodgett multilayers of polymers with fluorocarbon side chains at ambient and elevated temperaturesJ. Schneider, C. Erdelen, H. Ringsdorf, and J. F. RaboltCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 8, 3475–3480Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00198a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00198a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On-chip beam rotators, adiabatic mode converters, and waveplates through low-loss waveguides with variable cross-sections (2022)

Photonics integrated circuitry would benefit considerably from the ability to arbitrarily control waveguide cross-sections with high precision and low loss, in order to provide more degrees of freedom in manipulating propagating light. Here, we report a new method for femtosecond laser writing of optical-fiber-compatible glass waveguides, namely spherical phase-induced multicore waveguide (SPIM-WG), which addresses this challenging task with three-dimensional on-chip light control. Fabricating in the heating regime with high scanning speed, precise deformation of cross-sections is still achievable along the waveguide, with shapes and sizes finely controllable of high resolution in both horizontal and vertical transversal directions. We observed that these waveguides have high refractive index contrast of 0.017, low propagation loss of 0.14 dB/cm, and very low coupling loss of 0.19 dB coupled from a single-mode fiber. SPIM-WG devices were easily fabricated that were able to perform on-chip beam rotation through varying angles, or manipulate the polarization state of propagating light for target wavelengths. We also demonstrated SPIM-WG mode converters that provide arbitrary adiabatic mode conversion with high efficiency between symmetric and asymmetric nonuniform modes; examples include circular, elliptical modes, and asymmetric modes from ppKTP (periodically poled potassium titanyl phosphate) waveguides which are generally applied in frequency conversion and quantum light sources. Created inside optical glass, these waveguides and devices have the capability to operate across ultra-broad bands from visible to infrared wavelengths. The compatibility with optical fiber also paves the way toward packaged photonic integrated circuitry, which usually needs input and output fiber connections.
Ionic currents of cultured olfactory receptor neurons from antennae of male Manduca sexta (1991)

Whole-cell and single-channel voltage-clamp techniques were used to identify and characterize the ionic currents of insect olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in vitro. The cells were isolated from the antennae of male Manduca sexta pupae at stages 3-5 of adult development and maintained in primary cell culture. After 2-3 weeks in vitro, the presumptive ORNs had resting potentials of -62 +/- 12 mV (n = 18) and expressed at least 1 type of Na+ channel and at least 3 types of K+ channels. Na+ currents, recorded in the whole-cell mode, were reversibly blocked by 0.1 microM tetrodotoxin. The predominant type of K+ channel observed was a voltage-activated K+ channel (gamma = 30 pS) with characteristics similar to those of the delayed rectifier. The activity of the 30-pS K+ channel could be inhibited by the application of nucleotides to the cytoplasmic face of inside-out patches of membrane. The nucleotides had relative potencies as follows: ATP greater than cGMP greater than cAMP, with an inhibition constant for ATP of Ki = 0.18 mM. Raising the intracellular Ca2+ concentration from 0.1 to 5 microM induced the opening of a Ca2(+)-activated K+ channel (gamma = 66 pS at 0 mV) that had a low voltage sensitivity. A third, transient type of K+ channel (gamma = 12-18 pS) could be activated by depolarizing voltage steps from very negative resting potentials. Properties of this channel were similar to those of the "A-channel." These results support the conclusion that M. sexta ORNs differentiate in vitro and provide the basis for studying primary mechanisms of olfactory transduction.
Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors containing P1’ 4-fluorobenzothiazole moiety highly active against SARS-CoV-2 (2023)

COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has continually been serious threat to public health worldwide. While a few anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics are currently available, their antiviral potency is not sufficient. Here, we identify two orally available 4-fluoro-benzothiazole-containing small molecules, TKB245 and TKB248, which specifically inhibit the enzymatic activity of main protease (M<sup>pro</sup>) of SARS-CoV-2 and significantly more potently block the infectivity and replication of various SARS-CoV-2 strains than nirmatrelvir, molnupiravir, and ensitrelvir in cell-based assays employing various target cells. Both compounds also block the replication of Delta and Omicron variants in human-ACE2-knocked-in mice. Native mass spectrometric analysis reveals that both compounds bind to dimer M<sup>pro</sup>, apparently promoting M<sup>pro</sup> dimerization. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that both compounds bind to M<sup>pro</sup>'s active-site cavity, forming a covalent bond with the catalytic amino acid Cys-145 with the 4-fluorine of the benzothiazole moiety pointed to solvent. The data suggest that TKB245 and TKB248 might serve as potential therapeutics for COVID-19 and shed light upon further optimization to develop more potent and safer anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
Measurements of the optical and thermal properties in layered biomaterials by monitoring of a thermal perturbation with phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (2022)

We present a methodology that allows precise determination of the optical and thermal properties of layered materials using thermal perturbation and phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (pOCT). Following heating with a laser pulse of a buried absorbing layer, optical path length changes between the sample’s surface and the absorbing layer are monitored using a line-scan pOCT. Using an axisymmetric thermo-mechanical model for transversely uniform multi-layered media, we fit the absorption coefficient, the heat conductivity, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the polymer. We demonstrate that the temperature distribution can be determined with a precision under 0.1°C, after a single laser pulse.
Hypersynchrony despite pathologically reduced beta oscillations in patients with Parkinson's disease: a pharmaco-magnetoencephalography study (2014)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive debilitating neurodegenerative disorder clinically manifest by motor, posture and gait abnormalities. Human neurophysiological studies recording local field potentials within the subthalamic nucleus and scalp-based electroencephalography have shown pathological beta synchrony throughout the basal ganglia-thalamic-cortical motor network in PD. Notably, suppression of this pathological beta synchrony by dopamine replacement therapy or deep-brain stimulation has been associated with improved motor function. However, due to the invasive nature of these studies, it remains unknown whether this "pathological beta" is actually stronger than that observed in healthy demographically matched controls. We used magnetoencephalography to investigate neuronal synchrony and oscillatory amplitude in the beta range and lower frequencies during the resting state in patients with PD and a matched group of patients without neurological disease. Patients with PD were studied both in the practically defined drug "OFF" state, and after administration of dopamine replacements. We found that beta oscillatory amplitude was reduced bilaterally in the primary motor regions of unmedicated patients with PD compared with controls. Administration of dopaminergic medications significantly increased beta oscillatory activity, thus having a normalizing effect. Interestingly, we also found significantly stronger beta synchrony (i.e., hypersynchrony) between the primary motor regions in unmedicated patients with PD compared with controls, and that medication reduced this coupling which is in agreement with the intraoperative studies. These results are consistent with the known functionality of the basal ganglia-thalamic-cortical motor circuit and the likely consequences of beta hypersynchrony in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with PD.
Improvement of Sleep Operation for the Reduced Paging Delay on Cellular System (2007)

We propose a novel paging scheme with a variable paging interval for low power consumption and/or short paging delay. The proposed scheme is based on the fact that packet arrivals during a session follow the characteristics of self-similar process for Http service, while session arrival statistics can be modeled as the Poisson process. The adjustment of paging period provides a useful solution for efficient paging to the UE in the dormant state on packet-switched cellular networks, even though the paging performance is strongly dependent on the traffic arrival model.
Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (-)- and (+)-Strychnine and the Wieland-Gumlich Aldehyde (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Total Syntheses of (-)- and (+)-Strychnine and the Wieland-Gumlich AldehydeSteven D. Knight, Larry E. Overman, and Garry PairaudeauCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 21, 5776–5788Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00126a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00126a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5151Altmetric-Citations125LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Paramagnetic Rim Lesions in Multiple Sclerosis: Comparison of Visualization at 1.5-T and 3-T MRI (2021)

<b>BACKGROUND.</b> Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by both acute and chronic intrathecal inflammation. A subset of MS lesions show paramagnetic rims on susceptibility-weighted MRI sequences, reflecting iron accumulation in microglia. These para-magnetic rim lesions have been proposed as a marker of compartmentalized smoldering disease. Paramagnetic rim lesions have been shown at 7 T and, more recently, at 3 T. As susceptibility effects are weaker at lower field strength, it remains unclear if paramagnetic rim lesions are visible at 1.5 T. <b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The purpose of our study was to compare visualization of paramagnetic rim lesions using susceptibility-weighted imaging at 1.5-T and 3-T MRI in patients with MS. <b>METHODS.</b> This retrospective study included nine patients (five women, four men; mean age, 46.8 years) with MS who underwent both 1.5-T and 3-T MRI using a comparable susceptibility-weighted angiography (SWAN) sequence from the same manufacturer. Lesions measuring greater than 3 mm were annotated. Two reviewers independently assessed images at each field strength in separate sessions and classified the annotated lesions as isointense, diffusely paramagnetic, or paramagnetic rim lesions. Discrepancies were discussed at consensus sessions including a third reviewer. Agreement was assessed using kappa coefficients. <b>RESULTS.</b> Based on the 3-T consensus readings, 115 of 140 annotated lesions (82%) were isointense lesions, 16 (11%) were diffusely paramagnetic lesions, and nine (6%) were paramagnetic rim lesions; based on the 1.5-T consensus readings, 115 (82%) were isointense lesions, 14 (10%) were diffusely paramagnetic lesions, and 11 (8%) were para-magnetic rim lesions. The mean lesion diameter was 11.9 mm for paramagnetic rim lesions versus 6.4 mm for diffusely paramagnetic lesions (<i>p</i> = .006) and 7.8 mm for iso-intense lesions (<i>p</i> = .003). Interrater agreement for lesion classification as a paramagnetic rim lesion was substantial at 1.5 T (κ = 0.65) and 3 T (κ = 0.70). Agreement for paramagnetic rim lesions was also substantial between the consensus readings at the two field strengths (κ = 0.79). <b>CONCLUSION.</b> We show comparable identification of paramagnetic rim lesions at 1.5-T and 3-T MRI with substantial interrater agreement at both field strengths and substantial consensus agreement between the field strengths. <b>CLINICAL IMPACT.</b> Paramagnetic rim lesions may be an emerging marker of chronic neuroinflammation in MS. Their visibility at 1.5 T supports the translational potential of paramagnetic rim lesion identification to more widespread clinical settings, where 1.5-T scanners are prevalent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Methyl 3‐Aryl‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2‐carboxylates. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Data-adaptive Selection Of The Adjustment Set In Variable Importance Estimation (2008)

If estimates of the effect of a treatment variable on an outcome of interest are to be adjusted for a set of possible confounding factors, it is necessary to rely on the assumption of experimental treatment assignment (ETA) according to which each experimental unit has positive probability of being observed at any of the possible levels of the treatment variable regardless of the values the confounding factors may take on. Even if this assumption is only practically violated in the sense that certain values of the confounding factors cause some treatment levels to become not impossible, but at least highly unlikely, the adjusted variable importance parameter often becomes poorly identified in finite samples.\nWe introduce an algorithm that is intended to make variable importance estimation more robust with respect to violations of the ETA assumption. Two different identifiability criteria are proposed for deciding when an adjusted variable importance parameter cannot be reliably estimated from the data. These criteria are then used to identify a maximal set of adjustment variables for which the ETA assumption appears reasonably well satisfied. A more efficient estimator of the parameter corresponding to the selected adjustment set is then sought by selecting from among estimators making use of even smaller adjustment sets by minimizing an estimate of the mean squared error for the selected parameter.\nA simulation study aimed at evaluating the benefits of this latter step suggests that it can lead to efficiency gains on the order of 100% if the ETA assumption is violated to some extent and to efficiency gains on the order of 35% if the ETA assumption is well approximated. The proposed algorithm is applied to the problem of identifying mutations in the protease enzyme of HIV that have an effect on virologic response to the commonly used antiretroviral drug lopinavir. While both unadjusted and fully adjusted analyses yield unsatisfactory results, the subset of significant mutations identified by the algorithm introduced here includes eight of the 12 known major lopinavir resistance mutations as well as two mutations that are thought to increase susceptibility to lopinavir. Two of the four major mutations not identified in our analysis occurred very rarely in our data set, giving the algorithm low power to detect any impact on virologic response. Recent in vitro experiments suggest that the other two major mutations not identified here may in fact be less important in determining lopinavir resistance than previously thought. The excellent agreement of the results reported here with current understanding of lopinavir resistance suggest that variable importance estimation based on data-adaptive selection of the adjustment set represents a promising new approach for studying the effects of HIV mutations on clinical virologic response to antiretroviral therapy as well as for biomarker discovery in general.
Smart power: From problem statement to system solution (2013)

This paper demonstrates the design of a high power, high efficiency inverter based on SiC (Silicon Carbide) JFET (Junction Field Effect Transistor) switches. It starts with a problem statement, i.e. which requirements are to be fulfilled, discusses design solutions, and ends with some measurements of the complete system. The final design is able to handle more than 1000V, currents of more than 30A and achieves a peak efficiency of more than 99% in a buck configuration [1].
Flexible Modem Interface Demonstration for Military Terminals (2019)

The Satellite Communications (SATCOM) industry is undergoing revolutionary changes as next generation technologies enable ubiquitous and diverse service offerings at an order of magnitude lower price point. The flexibility to roam between hybrid service providers comprised of government, commercial and international systems is an important attribute of the DoD SATCOM Enterprise that delivers high capacity, global coverage and resiliency to warfighters. Terminal flexibility to operate across networks, in multiple frequency bands, and supporting various waveforms/modems is a key capability in an architecture where roaming at the speed of military operations for assured communications is essential. What follows is the results of the Air Force Space Command (AFSPC), Space and Missile Systems Center (SMC), Advanced Concept Division (MCX) pioneered Flexible Modem Interface (FMI) effort which establishes the building blocks for a SATCOM Enterprise. FMI has been matured through a series of technology development initiatives, including a multi-vendor demonstration of the architecture, interfaces, and operational benefits of flexible terminals. The results of the rich learning through various vendor implementation of the core FMI capabilities and robust demonstrated use cases paved the way to the future FMI development.
A novel high performance antenna for GNSS applications (2007)

A novel low cost antenna for high-precision applications in Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is described. The antenna has been designed to operate for all existing satellite navigation frequencies in L-Band including GPS, GLONASS and Galileo.
Supplementary Table 3 from Personalized <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> Cancer Models to Guide Precision Medicine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 3. Patient A single and duparlisib combination high throughout drug screen.&lt;/p&gt;
Passive photonic integration of lattice filters for waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2020)

To perform waveguide-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (WERS) or fluorescence spectroscopy in a compact device, the optical fibers to couple the passive photonic circuit to the laser source and detector require attachment directly to the die. This necessitates the integration of edge couplers and waveguide-based filters to isolate the fiber background emission from the on-chip signal, while efficiently coupling the pump laser and detector to the input and output fibers, respectively. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate the successful integration of four-port lattice filters with sensing spirals and inverse-taper edge couplers in a passive photonic circuit. We further show that the four-port lattice filter enables the collection of backscattered on-chip Stokes signal, improving and simplifying overall system performance.
Topological point defects in nematic liquid crystals (2006)

Abstract\n Point defects in nematics, also called hedgehogs, are topological entities that have no equivalent in ordered atomic solids, despite the homonymy. They have been the subject of intense experimental and, above all, theoretical (analytic and computational) investigations in the last thirty years. They are present in bulk specimens and at the specimen boundaries. This review article stresses the importance of the core structure of the defect, of its possible splitting into a disclination loop, of the boundary conditions, and takes stock of the recent advances on point defects in nematic colloidal suspensions. An important topic is the formation of strings between opposite hedgehogs (radial and hyperbolic), and their role in the dynamic properties of nematics.
Activation of P2X4 Receptors on Glia is Necessary for Opioid or HIV‐1 Associated Neurodegeneration (2013)

Individuals who abuse μ opioid receptor agonists are at an increased incidence of HIV‐1‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) with more severe symptoms. Microglia play a major role in HIV neuropathogenesis by harboring the infection and producing inflammatory molecules that lead to neuronal injury/death. Extracellular purines also increase microglial activation and neuronal injury. Morphine reportedly increases microglial motility through P2X4 signaling. To test whether HIV‐1 and opioid‐induced neurotoxicity are mediated via purinergic signaling, cocultures of primary neurons and mixed glia were treated with HIV‐1 Tat, morphine, and/or TNP‐ATP, a non‐selective P2X antagonist. Individual neurons were tracked and neuron survival vs. time was assessed. Tat and morphine neurotoxicity was preventable by treatment with TNP‐ATP. Next we investigated neuronal injury by measuring dendritic pruning and excessive increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). In both assays, TNP‐ATP blocked Tat/morphine‐induced injury. To investigate P2X receptor involvement, selective antagonists against the P2X1, P2X3, and P2X7 receptor subtypes were screened. These subtypes were not involved in Tat + morphine neurotoxicity. Lastly, cells from P2X4 null mice were used and confirmed that P2X4 receptors on glia are necessary for opiate/Tat neurotoxicity. Support: NIH DA018633 , DA028741 , DA007027.