gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global Insights on Future Trends of Hybrid/EV Driveline Lubrication and Thermal Management (2020)

Revised Abstract Global automotive industries have recently switched development trends from the traditional powertrain mechanical components into the digital transformation of the electrification components in advanced propulsion vehicles. This industrial impact on global development trend into automotive electrification designs has created an emerging technology for new propulsion systems such as hybrid electrical vehicles (HEV) or electrical vehicles (EV). Advanced propulsion systems resulting from global regulations are intended to improve vehicle fuel efficiency and reduce transportation-related emissions of greenhouse gases and other pollutants. In many HEV or EV advanced system designs, automotive lubri¬cants such as drivetrain fluids or thermal coolants have contact with the integrated electric motor (e-motor) and thermal management devices, which requires electrical and thermal properties to be consi¬dered in addition to conventional lubricant properties. The introduction of electrification components has been targeted for energy efficiency and long-term durability. Automotive industries have requested the adoption of the dedicated automotive lubricants or driveline fluids to meet appropriate thermal cooling requirements, offer bearing protection, ensure corrosion protection, and provide oxidation and sludge control. This review paper will provide with global insights on future automotive electrification development trends related to advanced driveline lubricants and thermal cooling fluids used in Hybrid/EV vehicles. Future research activities in advanced driveline fluids will be focused on minimizing friction loss and maximizing hybrid component durability. The major objective of this paper is to highlight the future electrification development trends and the required lubricants for advanced Hybrid/EV vehicles. The major section of this paper will be focused on the most important progress of automotive lubrication in the areas of energy efficiency, driveline reliability, cooling system design and thermal management requirements. In this review paper, new developments in thermal management fluids have been described to help promote the high-performance cooling system on electrical batteries, motors, and power electronics. In addition, global research activities using novel nanofluids for thermal cooling have the high potential for application to EV/Hybrid technologies. This paper has reviewed the state-of-art thermal management technology used for extending driving range and durability of EV/Hybrid vehicles. .
Suprathreshold spatial frequency detection and binocular interaction in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia. (1979)

We have investigated suprathreshold contrast sensitivity and binocular interactions in strabismic and anisometropic amblyopes using a reaction time paradigm. For every spatial frequency, reaction time increased as the grating contrast decreased. At all spatial frequencies and contrast values the reaction times using the amblyopic eye were prolonged compared to the nonamblyopic eye, but most markedly at high spatial frequencies. In the middle range of spatial frequencies, the contrast vs. reaction time function for the nonamblyopic eyes was biphasic, suggesting that two separate mechanisms detect gratings at high and low contrast levels. These functions in deep amblyopia were monotonic, and in shallow amblyopia the break in the functions was present but shifted to lower contrast levels. Binocular interaction experiments showed that binocular summation was absent at all contrast levels, but binocular occlusion was evident at high contrast levels for amblyopic observers.
Effects of colored pump noise on intensity correlations of a single-mode dye laser (1989)

Recent theoretical analyses of the single-mode laser with colored-noise pump fluctuations have allowed the detailed prediction of the short-time behavior of the intensity autocorrelations of such a laser. In particular, a rounding off of the intensity correlation function on the time scale of the correlation time of the pump fluctuations has been predicted. We present results from experiments performed on a single-mode dye-laser system that clearly confirm these predictions. Numerical simulations of the laser Langevin equations including the colored-noise pump fluctuations are used to fit the experimental results.
Preclinical Development and First-in-Human Study of KA2507, a Selective and Potent Inhibitor of Histone Deacetylase 6, for Patients with Refractory Solid Tumors (2021)

KA2507 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HDAC6 showing antitumor efficacy and immune modulatory effects in preclinical models. In a phase I study, KA2507 showed selective target engagement, no significant toxicities, and prolonged disease stabilization in a subset of patients. Further clinical studies of KA2507 are warranted, as a single agent or, preferably, combined with other immuno-oncology drugs.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 6,7‐dihydrogeranylazides: Reagents for Primary Azide Incorporation into Peptides and Subsequent Staudinger Ligation (2006)

Protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) catalyzes the attachment of a geranylazide moiety to a peptide substrate, N-dansyl-GCVIA. Because geranylazide is actually a mixture of isomeric, interconverting primary and secondary azides, incorporation of this isoprenoid into peptides can potentially result in a corresponding mixture of prenylated peptides. Here, we first examined the reactivity of geranyl azide in a model Staudinger reaction and determined that a mixture of products is formed. We then describe the synthesis of 6,7-dihydrogeranylazide diphosphate and demonstrate that this compound allows exclusive incorporation of a primary azide into a peptide. The resulting azide-containing peptide was derivatized with a triphenylphosphine-based reagent to generate an O-alkyl imidate-linked product. Finally, we show, using a series of model reactions, that the Staudinger ligation frequently produces small amounts of O-alkyl imidate products in addition to the major amide-linked products. Thus, the alkoxyimidates we have observed as the exclusive products in the reactions of peptides containing prenylated azides also appear to be a common type of product formed using other azide-containing reactants, although at greatly reduced levels. This method for chemical modification of the C-terminus of a protein should be useful for a variety of applications in protein chemistry.
Benzoquinonoid ansamycins possess selective tumoricidal activity unrelated to src kinase inhibition. (1992)

The benzoquinonoid ansamycin antibiotics herbimycin A and geldanamycin have been shown to reverse the oncogenic phenotype of pp60v-src transformed cells as well as induce differentiation in a number of in vitro model systems, reportedly due to their inhibition of src family protein tyrosine kinases. We now report that these agents are potent cytotoxins in vitro against a panel of highly malignant human tumor cell lines possessing primitive neural features. Proliferation and/or survival of fibroblasts, primary neuronal cultures, and several leukemia cell lines are unaffected at concentrations resulting in greater than 99% cell loss in sensitive lines. The tumorigenicity in nude mice of sensitive cell lines can also be markedly reduced by either systemic or topical administration of these agents without apparent toxicity to the whole animal. The cytocidal action of these ansamycins is initiated very rapidly, is irreversible, and is clearly distinct from the delayed inhibition of src family kinases that has been reported previously. Due to their potency, relative selectivity, and novel mechanism(s) of action, these drugs could prove clinically useful in the therapy of a number of human cancers of neural derivation.
An adaptive weaver architecture radio with spectrum sensing capabilities to relax RF component requirements (2007)

This paper presents an architecture that utilizes spectrum sensing with a Weaver architecture receiver to ease the requirements on the RF front-end components. With the ability to sense the environment, large interferers that overwhelm small desired signals can be avoided. The learning and adapting capabilities are enabled by means of a flexible receiver architecture employing variable local oscillators (LOs) at RF and intermediate frequency (IF). Avoiding large interferers can reduce image rejection ratio (IRR) requirements for a given performance and results in a greater tolerance to the Q of filters and receiver mismatches. The design approach is applied to an IEEE 802.11a receiver and the results show that for a given performance level, the proposed design requires an IRR that is 40 dB less than that required for conventional Weaver receivers
On-Chip Mode-Division Multiplexer (2013)

We demonstrate micron-scale on-chip mode-division multiplexing device with low crosstalk using add-drop silicon ring resonators array. We taper the bus waveguide width to selectively phase-match the different bus waveguide modes to the ring mode.
The ecological significance of extracellular vesicles in modulating host-virus interactions during algal blooms (2021)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles are produced by organisms from all kingdoms and serve a myriad of functions, many of which involve cell-cell signaling, especially during stress conditions and host-pathogen interactions. In the marine environment, communication between microorganisms can shape trophic level interactions and population succession, yet we know very little about the involvement of vesicles in these processes. In a previous study, we showed that vesicles produced during viral infection by the ecologically important model alga Emiliania huxleyi , could act as a pro-viral signal, by expediting infection and enhancing the half-life of the virus in the extracellular milieu. Here, we expand our laboratory findings and show the effect of vesicles on natural populations of E. huxleyi in a mesocosm setting. We profile the small-RNA (sRNA) cargo of vesicles that were produced by E. huxleyi during bloom succession, and show that vesicles applied to natural assemblages expedite viral infection and prolong the half-life of this major mortality agent of E. huxleyi . We subsequently reveal that exposure of the natural assemblage to E. huxleyi -derived vesicles modulates not only host-virus dynamics, but also other components of the microbial food webs, thus emphasizing the importance of extracellular vesicles to microbial interactions in the marine environment.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL CARBONYL SYNTHESES. 7. A NEW CARBONYLDINIOBIUM COMPLEX WITH HYDROGEN BRIDGES (1981)

Abstract Bei Bestrahlung von äquimolaren Mengen der Nb‐Komplexe (I) und (II) in THF entsteht der säulenchromatographisch isolierbare, diamagnetische Neutralkomplex (III).
The properties and applications of amperometric gas sensors (1992)

Abstract The properties and applications of amperometric gas sensors are reviewed. An introductory discussion of the general mechanism of electrochemical gas reactions and an outline of the construction of amperometric gas sensors is presented. The performance of sensors and the relationship of the sensor's performance to the materials of construction and sensor components are described. The analytical characteristics of a sensor such as sensitivity, selectivity, response time and noise are intimately related to the materials chosen for membranes, conductive electrolytes, and active electrocatalysts, as well as the choice of effective operating conditions. The applications of amperometric gas sensors to specific analytical problems are discussed in the context of required performance. Finally, this article points out technical gaps and the future direction of amperometric gas sensor research including some potential applications. References that are relevant to the field of amperometric gas sensors are summarized in a table which contains the author's name, the electrochemical reaction, and an exemplary application.
AViC (2019)

Video dominates Internet traffic today. Users retrieve on-demand video from Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) which cache video chunks at front-ends. In this paper, we describe AViC, a caching algorithm that leverages properties of video delivery, such as request predictability and the presence of highly unpopular chunks. AViC's eviction policy exploits request predictability to estimate a chunk's future request time and evict the chunk with the furthest future request time. Its admission control policy uses a classifier to predict singletons --- chunks evicted before a second reference. Using real world CDN traces from a commercial video service, we show that AViC outperforms a range of algorithm including LRU, GDSF, AdaptSize and LHD. In particular LRU requires up to 3.5× the cache size to match AViC's performance. Further, AViC has low time complexity and has memory complexity comparable to GDSF.
Hexon Hypervariable Region-Modified Adenovirus Type 5 (Ad5) Vectors Display Reduced Hepatotoxicity but Induce T Lymphocyte Phenotypes Similar to Ad5 Vectors (2014)

Hexon modification of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vectors with the hypervariable regions (HVRs) of Ad48 has been shown to allow Ad5HVR48 vectors to circumvent the majority of the preexisting Ad5-neutralizing antibodies. However, it remains unclear whether modifying hexon HVRs impacts innate or adaptive immune responses elicited by this vector. In this study, we investigated the influence of the HVR substitution of Ad5 on innate and adaptive immune responses following vaccination. Ad5HVR48 displayed an intermediate level of innate immune cytokines and chemokines relative to those of Ad5 and Ad48, consistent with its chimeric nature. Hepatotoxicity was observed after Ad5 immunization but not after Ad5HVR48 or Ad48 immunization. However, the CD8(+) T-cell responses elicited by Ad5HVR48 vectors displayed a partially exhausted phenotype, as evidenced by the sustained expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1), decreased effector-to-central memory conversion, and reduced memory recall responses, similar to those elicited by Ad5 vectors and in contrast to those induced by Ad48 vectors. Taken together, these results indicate that although Ad5HVR48 largely bypasses preexisting Ad5 neutralizing antibodies and shows reduced hepatotoxicity compared to that of Ad5, it induces adaptive immune phenotypes that are functionally exhausted similar to those elicited by Ad5.
Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Gag- and Gag Peptide-Specific CD4+T-Cell Clones from an HIV-1-Seronegative Donor following In Vitro Immunization (2002)

Substantial evidence argues that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD4(+) T cells play an important role in the control of HIV-1 replication in infected individuals. Moreover, it is increasingly clear that an HIV vaccine should elicit potent cytotoxic lymphocyte and antibody responses that will likely require an efficient CD4(+) T-cell response. Therefore, understanding and characterizing HIV-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses is an important aim. Here we describe the generation of HIV-1 Gag- and Gag peptide-specific CD4(+) T-cell clones from an HIV-1-seronegative donor by in vitro immunization with HIV-1 Gag peptides. The Gag peptides were able to induce a strong CD4(+) T-cell immune response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from the HIV-1-seronegative donor. Six Gag peptide-specific CD4(+) T-cell clones were isolated and their epitopes were mapped. The region of p24 between amino acids 201 and 300 of Gag was defined as the immunodominant region of Gag. A new T helper epitope in the p6 protein of Gag was identified. Two clones were shown to recognize Gag peptides and processed Gag protein, while the other four clones reacted only to Gag peptides under the experimental conditions used. Functional analysis of the clones indicated that both Th1 and Th2 types of CD4(+) T cells were obtained. One clone showed direct antigen-specific cytotoxic activity. These clones represent a valuable tool for understanding the cellular immune response to HIV-1, and the study provides new insights into the HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell response and the induction of an anti-Gag and -Gag peptide cellular primary immune response in vitro.
Developing a standard for TV white space coexistence: technical challenges and solution approaches (2012)

TV white space refers to TV channels that are not used by any licensed services at a particular location and at a particular time. To exploit this unused TVWS spectrum for improved spectrum efficiency, regulatory agencies have begun developing regulations to permit its use this TVWS by unlicensed wireless devices as long as they do not interfere with any licensed services. In the future many heterogeneous, and independently operated, wireless networks may utilize the TVWS. Coexistence between these networks is essential in order to provide a high level of QoS to end users. Consequently, the IEEE 802 LAN/MAN standards committee has approved the P802.19.1 standardization project to specify radio-technology-independent methods for coexistence among dissimilar or independently operated wireless devices and networks. In this article we provide a detailed overview of the regulatory status of TVWS in the United States and Europe, analyze the coexistence problem in TVWS, and summarize existing coexisting mechanisms to improve coexistence in TVWS. The main focus of the article is the IEEE P802.19.1 standardization project, including its requirements and system design, and the major technical challenges ahead.
Synthetic Modulators of the Polyphosphoinositide Pathway of Signal Transduction (1996)

Abstract The facile reduction of O,O-dialkyl 1-hydroxyiminoalkanephosphonate precursors, using LiBH4/Me3SiCl in THF at ambient temperature, conveniently affords O,O-dialkyl 1-aminoalkanephosphonates in good yield and high state of purity. O,O-Dialkyl 1-aminobenzylphosphonates may be prepared in high yield and purity from catalytic hydrogenolysis of their 1-benzylaminobenzylphosphonate precursors. These biologically active aminophosphonates, when coupled to substrate derived dipeptides, produced a range of novel phosphonotripeptides based upon the ‘fibrinogen-like’ sequence H-D-Phe-Pro-Arg; where the phosphorus structural units replace the ‘Pl’Arg. These tripeptides showed a marked inhibitory specificity towards the trypsin-like serine protease thrombin, a ubiquitous enzyme that plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system. The compounds possess an initial Ki in-vitro in the micromolar range against thrombin. Further enzyme kinetic analysis of the compound Z-D-Dpa-Pro-PglP(OiPr)2 (IC50 11.7 micromolar), showed that it displayed competitive inhibition characteristics toward thrombin, in contrast to the two stage slow-tight binding kinetics that had been shown by the analogous O,O-diphenyl derivative.
Stereoselective acylation of a racemic amine with Cα‐methyl phenylglycine‐based dipeptide 5(4H)‐oxazolones (2005)

Reactions of a racemic amine with chiral, N(alpha)-acetylated, C(alpha)-methyl l-phenylglycine-based dipeptide 5(4H)-oxazolones proceed diastereoselectively to give predominantly dipeptide alkylamides comprising d-alpha-phenylethylamine. Diastereoselectivity is remarkably sensitive to solvent polarity and reaction temperature but not significantly to the nature of the C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acid at position 1 of the dipeptide. The beta-turn 3D structures of the aminolysis products were established in CDCl(3) solution by FT-IR absorption and in one case in the crystal state by X-ray diffraction as well.
Reduction & Analysis of PDV data from Ring expansion test (2012)

Author Institution: The Ohio State University
Method for measurement of arterial compliance by fusion of oscillometry and pulse wave velocity (2020)

Up until now estimation of arterial compliance has been performed either by analysis of arterial pressure changes with respect to volume changes or by inference based on pulse wave velocity (PWV). In this study we demonstrate the possibility of an approach to assess arterial compliance by fusing the two information sources namely the pressure/volume relationship obtained from oscillography and PWV data. The goal is to assess arterial properties easily and robustly, enhancing current hemodynamic monitoring. The approach requires as input signals: an electrocardiogram (ECG), a photo- plethysmogram (PPG) and the arterial oscillation as measured during non-invasive blood pressure measurements based on oscillometry with a cuff. These signals are fused by an algorithm using Bayesian principles underpinned by a physiological model. In our simulations, we demonstrate the feasibility to infer arterial compliance by our proposed strategy. A very first measurement on a healthy volunteer supports our findings from the simulation.Clinical Relevance- Arterial compliance/stiffness is recognized as a key hemodynamic parameter, which is not easily accessible and not a standard parameter currently. The presented method and obtained results are encouraging for future research in this area.
Functional Differentiation of the Glycosyltransferases That Contribute to the Chemical Diversity of Bioactive Flavonol Glycosides in Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) (2010)

We identified two glycosyltransferases that contribute to the structural diversification of flavonol glycosides in grapevine (Vitis vinifera): glycosyltransferase 5 (Vv GT5) and Vv GT6. Biochemical analyses showed that Vv GT5 is a UDP-glucuronic acid:flavonol-3-O-glucuronosyltransferase (GAT), and Vv GT6 is a bifunctional UDP-glucose/UDP-galactose:flavonol-3-O-glucosyltransferase/galactosyltransferase. The Vv GT5 and Vv GT6 genes have very high sequence similarity (91%) and are located in tandem on chromosome 11, suggesting that one of these genes arose from the other by gene duplication. Both of these enzymes were expressed in accordance with flavonol synthase gene expression and flavonoid distribution patterns in this plant, corroborating their significance in flavonol glycoside biosynthesis. The determinant of the specificity of Vv GT5 for UDP-glucuronic acid was found to be Arg-140, which corresponded to none of the determinants previously identified for other plant GATs in primary structures, providing another example of convergent evolution of plant GAT. We also analyzed the determinants of the sugar donor specificity of Vv GT6. Gln-373 and Pro-19 were found to play important roles in the bifunctional specificity of the enzyme. The results presented here suggest that the sugar donor specificities of these Vv GTs could be determined by a limited number of amino acid substitutions in the primary structures of protein duplicates, illustrating the plasticity of plant glycosyltransferases in acquiring new sugar donor specificities.
Partitioning transition relations efficiently and automatically (2002)

Multiway Decision Graphs (MDGs) have been recently proposed as an efficient representation of Extended Finite State Machines (EFSMs), suitable for automatic hardware verification of Register Transfer Level (RTL) designs. We report here on the results of our research into automatic partitioning of state transition relations described using MDGs. The objective is to achieve the maximum possible performance during an abstract implicit state enumeration procedure that is at the basis of our automatic verification method.
Genetic surveillance in the Greater Mekong subregion and South Asia to support malaria control and elimination (2021)

The GenRe-Mekong project is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP11188166, OPP1204268). Genotyping and sequencing were funded by the Wellcome Trust (098051, 206194, 203141, 090770, 204911, 106698/B/14/Z) and Medical Research Council (G0600718). A proportion of samples were collected with the support of the UK Department for International Development (201900, M006212), and Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.