gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of hydrazines-derived alkyl radicals to cytotoxicity and transformation induced in normal c-myc-overexpressing mouse fibroblasts (1998)

Several hydrazine derivatives (HD) tested so far have pharmacological activities, but many also have toxic side effects, including carcinogenesis. Their toxicity has been ascribed to carbocations (via formation of azoxy intermediates), alkyl radicals or reactive oxygen species. Cytotoxicity and transformation by carbocations is widely accepted, but the role of alkyl radicals is still questioned. We have investigated the cytotoxicity of HD to mouse fibroblasts in three activation systems in which enhanced alkyl radical formation is demonstrated by electron spin resonance/spin-trapping. Cytotoxicity was assayed by inhibition of [3H-methyl]thymidine uptake into DNA of Balb/c 3T3 and/or Myc 9E fibroblasts (normal Balb/c 3T3 cells over-expressing the c-myc proto-oncogene). Based on the results obtained in the cytotoxicity assays we also investigated the transforming potential of procarbazine (PCZ) and methylhydrazine (MeH) activated by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) using the Myc 9E cell line, which aims at the activation of a second cooperating oncogene. Our results show that: (i) cytotoxicity of HD to mouse fibroblasts is increased by HRP activation of MeH, phenelzine and PCZ, which displayed enhanced alkyl radical formation, but not of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH), which did not produce increased alkyl radical formation under these conditions; (ii) cytotoxicity of neutrophil-activated MeH (producing a 10-fold higher concentration of methyl radicals), is more pronounced than DMH; (iii) MeH and DMH activated by prolonged auto-oxidation in 24-h incubations have comparable cytotoxicity and alkyl radical formation; and (iv) PCZ and MeH activation by HRP to alkyl radicals increased the transformation induced in Myc 9E cells. Taken together, our results strongly support a role for hydrazine-derived alkyl radicals in HD-induced cytotoxicity and cell transformation.
Alveolar macrophage function is altered in patients with lung cancer (2005)

The alveolar macrophage (AM) is believed to be of central importance in the immune response against infection and tumour. We examined patients with lung cancer in order to evaluate the immuno-stimulatory potential of AM in lung cancer. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid samples were obtained from patients with adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell undifferentiated lung carcinoma, small cell carcinoma and control subjects. AM were isolated and phagocytic function, flow cytometry and cytokine analysis were assessed. AM from patients with small and squamous cell carcinoma had impaired uptake in vitro of 40 nm fluorescent polystyrene beads. AM from patients with small, squamous and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma showed impaired uptake of 1000 nm fluorescent polystyrene beads. Secreted levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 from AM of patients with small, squamous, and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma were decreased compared to controls. Secreted AM IL-6 levels were decreased in small and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. AM from adenocarcinoma patients showed similar levels of IL-10, IL-6, IL-1 and TNF-alpha compared to controls. Phenotypic analysis demonstrated that patients with small cell carcinoma were the only group that showed a decrease in MHC class II surface expression. Surface expression of ICAM-1 and CD83 was decreased on AM from patients with large, squamous and small cell carcinoma compared to controls but not adenocarcinoma. Mannose receptor levels were only decreased on AM from patients with squamous and small cell carcinoma but not adenocarcinoma and large cell undifferentiated carcinoma. We conclude that there are type-specific alterations in uptake ability, cytokine secretion and phenotype of AM from lung cancer patients, which may result in an inability to stimulate anti-tumour immunity. The observed differences between lung cancer subgroups may explain previously reported inconsistencies in descriptions of AM characteristics in lung cancer.
AMD3100 Augments the Efficacy of Mesothelin-Targeted, Immune-Activating VIC-008 in Mesothelioma by Modulating Intratumoral Immunosuppression (2018)

AMD3100 (plerixafor), a CXCR4 antagonist, has been demonstrated to suppress tumor growth and modulate intratumoral T-cell trafficking. However, the effect of AMD3100 on immunomodulation remains elusive. Here, we explored immunomodulation and antitumor efficacy of AMD3100 in combination with a previously developed mesothelin-targeted, immune-activating fusion protein, VIC-008, in two syngeneic, orthotopic models of malignant mesothelioma in immunocompetent mice. We showed that combination therapy significantly suppressed tumor growth and prolonged animal survival in two mouse models. Tumor control and survival benefit were associated with enhanced antitumor immunity. VIC-008 augmented mesothelin-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses in the spleen and lymph nodes and facilitated intratumoral lymphocytic infiltration. However, VIC-008 treatment was associated with increased programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) expression on intratumoral CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, likely due to high CXCL12 in the tumor microenvironment. AMD3100 alone and in combination with VIC-008 modulated immunosuppression in tumors and the immune system through suppression of PD-1 expression on CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells and conversion of regulatory T cells (T<sub>regs</sub>) into CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>-</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup>IL2<sup>+</sup>CD40L<sup>+</sup> helper-like cells. In mechanistic studies, we demonstrated that AMD3100-driven T<sub>reg</sub> reprogramming required T cell receptor (TCR) activation and was associated with loss of PTEN due to oxidative inactivation. The combination of VIC-008 augmentation of tumor-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses with AMD3100 abrogation of immunosuppression conferred significant benefits for tumor control and animal survival. These data provide new mechanistic insight into AMD3100-mediated immunomodulation and highlight the enhanced antitumor effect of AMD3100 in combination with a tumor antigen-targeted therapy in mouse malignant mesothelioma, which could be clinically relevant to patients with this difficult-to-treat disease. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 6(5); 539-51. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Left-handed photonics with plasmonic nanomaterials (2004)

We explore the possibility of scaling up novel left-handed materials (LHMs) from the microwave to the optical spectral range. This would make possible imaging and nano-photolithography with spatial resolution in the tens of nanometers.
Zaragozic acid A, a potent inhibitor of squalene synthase: initial chemistry and absolute stereochemistry (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTZaragozic acid A, a potent inhibitor of squalene synthase: initial chemistry and absolute stereochemistryKenneth E. Wilson, Robert M. Burk, Tesfaye Biftu, Richard G. Ball, and Karst HoogsteenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 26, 7151–7158Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00052a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00052a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effects of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 on Human Vocal Fold Fibroblasts (2009)

Insight into the underlying pathophysiology of vocal fold fibrosis is likely to yield improved therapeutic strategies to mitigate vocal fold scarring. Our data suggest that TGF-beta signaling may be both paracrine and autocrine in this vocal fold fibroblast cell line, and we therefore propose that TGF-beta may be a reasonable target for therapies to prevent and/or treat vocal fold fibrosis, given its putative role in both acute and chronic vocal fold injury, as well as its effects on vocal fold fibroblasts.
Data Scanning Methods for Quantum-Classical Interface in Quanvolutional Neural Networks (2022)

Quantum machine learning has recently drawn a lot of attention of the research community. Particularly, hybrid quantum-classical architectures have been introduced to take advantage of advances in both classical computing and quantum computing. However, most existing quantum circuits are of the 1D type. For 2D contents, such as images, to be represented in quantum states, they must be converted to an 1D array. In this paper, we introduce some data scanning methods for 2D-to-D1 mapping. These methods are investigated in the context of quanvolutional neural networks. Through experiments, it is found that the proposed scanning methods provide significant gains compared to the default raster scan.
Clinical Efficacy, Tolerability, and Safety of SAM486A, a Novel Polyamine Biosynthesis Inhibitor, in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (2004)

SAM486A has a promising clinical activity in patients with poor prognosis NHL and manageable safety profile. To further define the role of SAM486A, in the treatment of NHL, additional studies are warranted.
Control of Light Emission by 3D Photonic Crystals (2004)

Three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystals containing artificial point defects have been fabricated to emit light at optical communications wavelengths. They were constructed by stacking 0.7-micrometer-period gallium arsenide striped layers, resulting in a 3D "woodpile" photonic crystal. Indium-gallium arsenide-phosphide quantum-well layers emitting at a wavelength of 1.55 micrometers were incorporated in the center of the crystal. Samples having up to nine stacked layers were constructed, and artificial point-defect cavities of different sizes were formed in the light-emitting layer. Light emission was suppressed in the photonic crystal regions, whereas cavity modes were successfully observed at the point defects and were size dependent.
Elastomer Transducers (2016)

Electroactive polymer transducers have many features that are desirable for various devices. An especially attractive type of electroactive polymer is dielectric elastomer (DE). Our recent progress is a DE actuator having only 0.1 g of DE that lifted a weight of 2 kg using carbon system electrodes. We also developed a ribbon form DE actuator having a sensor function that can be used to measure force, or pressure, as well as motion at the same time. This actuator can assist human and robot motions. At the same time, it can work as a motion feedback sensor. We hope that it may be useful for smart rehabilitation equipment for hands, legs, and fingers. DE has also been shown to operate in reverse as a generator. Experiments have been performed on portable DE generators/wearable generators powered by human motion, ocean wave power harvesters mounted on buoys, solar heat generators, and water turbines. While the power output levels of such demonstration devices is small, the performance of these devices has supported the potential benefits of DE. We are developing elastomers having larger dielectric constant using barium titanium oxide to produce a “super artificial muscle for energy harvesting devices, actuators &amp; sensors” in the near future.
An Efficient Approach to Encoding Context for Spoken Language Understanding (2018)

In task-oriented dialogue systems, spoken language understanding, or SLU, refers to the task of parsing natural language user utterances into semantic frames. Making use of context from prior dialogue history holds the key to more effective SLU. State of the art approaches to SLU use memory networks to encode context by processing multiple utterances from the dialogue at each turn, resulting in significant trade-offs between accuracy and computational efficiency. On the other hand, downstream components like the dialogue state tracker (DST) already keep track of the dialogue state, which can serve as a summary of the dialogue history. In this work, we propose an efficient approach to encoding context from prior utterances for SLU. More specifically, our architecture includes a separate recurrent neural network (RNN) based encoding module that accumulates dialogue context to guide the frame parsing sub-tasks and can be shared between SLU and DST. In our experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on dialogues from two domains.
BOD Removal in Floating Aquatic Macrophyte-Based Wastewater Treatment Systems (1987)

Floating macrophytes cultured in ponds used for secondary wastewater treatment (BOD5 removal) apparently serve two functions: they provide a substrate for bacterial attachment, and their vascular lacunae act as a conduit for the transport of O2 from the atmosphere to the wastewater. In the present study, floating macrophyte systems containing pennywort (Hydrocotyle umbellata) were found to be 10% more effective (on an annual average) at removing wastewater carbon (BOD5) than those containing the more productive water hyacinth (Elchhomla crassipes). This enhancement in BOD5 removal is thought to be due to pennywort's superior O2 transport capability. In a separate six month long study, plant harvesting was found to have no effect on BOD5 removal in a water hyacinth-based treatment system. These data demonstrate that operational strategies used in floating macrophyte-based nutrient removal systems (i.e., frequent harvest of highly productive plants) are inappropriate for those systems utilized for carbon removal.
Conditional deletion of Bmpr1a in differentiated osteoclasts increases osteoblastic bone formation, increasing volume of remodeling bone in mice (2011)

Bone undergoes remodeling consisting of osteoclastic bone resorption followed by osteoblastic bone formation throughout life. Although the effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signals on osteoblasts have been studied extensively, the function of BMP signals in osteoclasts has not been fully elucidated. To delineate the function of BMP signals in osteoclasts during bone remodeling, we deleted BMP receptor type IA (Bmpr1a) in an osteoclast-specific manner using a knock-in Cre mouse line to the cathepsin K locus (Ctsk(Cre/+);Bmpr1a(flox/flox), designated as Bmpr1a(ΔOc/ΔOc)). Cre was specifically expressed in multinucleated osteoclasts in vivo. Cre-dependent deletion of the Bmpr1a gene occurred at 4 days after cultivation of bone marrow macrophages obtained from Bmpr1a(ΔOc/ΔOc) with RANKL. These results suggested that Bmpr1a was deleted after formation of osteoclasts in Bmpr1a(ΔOc/ΔOc) mice. Expression of bone-resorption markers increased, thus suggesting that BMPRIA signaling negatively regulates osteoclast differentiation. Trabeculae in tibia and femurs were thickened in 3.5-, 8-, and 12-week-old Bmpr1a(ΔOc/ΔOc) mice. Bone histomorphometry revealed increased bone volume associated with increased osteoblastic bone-formation rates (BFR) in the remodeling bone of the secondary spongiosa in Bmpr1a(ΔOc/ΔOc) tibias at 8 weeks of age. For comparison, we also induced an osteoblast-specific deletion of Bmpr1a using Col1a1-Cre. The resulting mice showed increased bone volume with marked decreases in BFR in tibias at 8 weeks of age. These results indicate that deletion of Bmpr1a in differentiated osteoclasts increases osteoblastic bone formation, thus suggesting that BMPR1A signaling in osteoclasts regulates coupling to osteoblasts by reducing bone-formation activity during bone remodeling.
Prospective Randomized Comparison between a New Mattress Technique and Cattell (duct‐to‐mucosa) Pancreaticojejunostomy for Pancreatic Resection (2005)

The majority of lethal complications after pancreatic head resection are due to septic complications after leakage from the pancreatojejunostomy. Especially the smooth pancreatic remnant is prone to develop parenchymal leaks from shear forces applied during tying of the sutures. We developed a new mattress technique that avoids such shear forces, and we compared this method to the standard Cattell (duct-to-mucosa) technique. A total of 113 patients undergoing standard pancreatic head resection were prospectively randomized to receive either the standard Cattell anastomosis (n = 56) or the new mattress technique (n = 57). All patients were evaluated for surgical and medical complications until discharge. Primary diagnosis and further demographic data compared well between the groups. The time to perform the mattress anastomosis was significantly shorter (15 vs. 22 minutes; p < 0.0001). The incidence of complications at the pancreatojejunostomy, and the length of hospital stay and survival were not significantly different between the two groups; however, a trend toward more reoperations was noted in the Cattell group (10 vs. 5; p < 0.097). The new mattress technique is simple, and our data show that the two techniques yield similar incidences of complications. Therefore the mattress technique for pancreatojejunostomy seems to be safe and is, in our opinion, well suitable for training schedules in pancreatic surgery.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromium Carbide Electrodeposition in Molten Fluorides. (1990)

Abstract The chemistry and electrochemistry related to the electrodeposition of chromium carbide from fluoride melts (i.e., the ternary (Li, Na, K) F fluoride eutectic, FLINAK) is studied.
Immortal polymerization: polymerization of epoxide and .beta.-lactone with aluminum porphyrin in the presence of protic compound (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImmortal polymerization: polymerization of epoxide and .beta.-lactone with aluminum porphyrin in the presence of protic compoundTakuzo Aida, Yasunari Maekawa, Shoichi Asano, and Shohei InoueCite this: Macromolecules 1988, 21, 5, 1195–1202Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00183a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00183a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views904Altmetric-Citations116LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impedance spectroscopy study of the unipolar and bipolar resistive switching states of atomic layer deposited polycrystalline ZrO2thin films (2015)

The polarity of the resistive switching (RS) characteristic of metal‐oxide‐metal devices from atomic layer deposited polycrystalline ZrO 2 films was studied by means of impedance spectroscopy. Pt/ZrO 2 /Ti/Pt cells made with 10 nm Ti and 30 nm Pt capping top electrodes, served as unipolar switching (US) devices. Bipolar switching (BS) devices were represented by Pt/ZrO 2 /30 nm TiN cells. Temperature measurements of the ON‐state resistances clearly show metallic and semiconducting behavior for the US and BS cells, respectively. The pristine and the ON and OFF states of the devices were analyzed by means of impedance spectroscopy. All ZrO 2 based RS devices exhibited similar impedance characteristics in the pristine states. In contrast, after electroforming clear differences in the Nyquist‐plots of the US and BS devices were observed. The effect of the device structure on the RS polarity is discussed under consideration of the pillar‐shaped grainy microstructure of the ZrO 2 thin films. An empirical model based on redox reactions between ZrO 2 and the non‐noble metal electrode is proposed emphasizing defect formation prior at the ZrO 2 grain boundaries.
Conducting polymer solutions (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConducting polymer solutionsJane E. FrommerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1986, 19, 1, 2–9Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00121a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00121a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1243Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laser-Enhanced Plating and Etching: Mechanisms and Applications (1982)

We have developed experimental electroplating, electrodeless plating, and etching techniques that use a focused laser beam to define the localized plating or etching region. Enhancements in plating (etching) rates up to ≈10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> , compared to background rates, have been observed in the region of laser irradiation. A thermal model has been developed to describe the observed effects over the entire overpotential (polarization) curve. In the low overpotential region the enhancement is dominated by the increase in the local charge-transfer kinetics due to the local increase in temperature produced by absorption of the laser energy by the cathode (anode). At higher overpotentials, in the mass-transport-limited region, the main enhancement occurs due to hydrodynamic stirring caused by the large local temperature gradients. Examples of gold, nickel, and copper electroplating are described to illustrate the value of this technique for micron-sized circuit personalization and repair. Additional examples of electroless laser-enhanced plating and exchange plating are also described.