gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal-mechanical Co-design of Cold Plate, Second Level Thermal Interface Material (TIM2) and Heat Spreaders for Optimal Thermal Performance for High-end Processor Cooling (2016)

Cooling high-end system processors has become increasingly more challenging due to the increase in both total power and peak power density in processor cores. Junction peak temperature at worst case corner conditions often establish the limits on the maximum supportable circuit speed as well as processor chip yield. While significant progress has been made in cooling technology (e.g., cold plate design and thermal interface materials at first and the second level package), a systematic approach is needed to optimize the entire thermal and mechanical stack to achieve the overall (optimal) thermal performance objectives. The necessity and importance of this is due to the thermal and mechanical design interdependencies contained with the overall stack. This paper reports an in-depth study of the thermal-mechanical interactions associated with the cold plate, second level thermal interface material (TIM2) and heat spreaders. Thermal test results are reported for different cold plate designs and TIM2 pad sizes. Thermal and mechanical modeling results are provided to quantify the TIM2 thermal performance as a function of the TIM2 mechanical stress, the TIM2 dimensions and cold plate design. As described via both modeling and testing results, an optimal TIM2 pad size results as a trade-off between heat transfer area for conduction and TIM2 compressive pressure. In addition, pressure sensitive film study results are also provided revealing that heat spreader design affects the module level and TIM2 thermal performance. Results from this set of work clearly demonstrate the close interactions between cooling hardware in the stack hence the importance of thermal-mechanical co-design to achieve optimal thermal performance for the high-end processors.
100 Gb/s: ETDM generation and long haul transmission (2007)

We review the electronic generation and transmission of recently demonstrated serial transport technologies at 100 Gb/s, including binary, multi-level, and coherently detected polarization-multiplexed formats. (2 pages)
Front Matter: Volume 9020 (2014)

A unique, consistent, permanent citation identifier (CID) number is
mTORC1 Inhibition Is Required for Sensitivity to PI3K p110α Inhibitors in PIK3CA -Mutant Breast Cancer (2013)

Activating mutations of the PIK3CA gene occur frequently in breast cancer, and inhibitors that are specific for phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) p110α, such as BYL719, are being investigated in clinical trials. In a search for correlates of sensitivity to p110α inhibition among PIK3CA-mutant breast cancer cell lines, we observed that sensitivity to BYL719 (as assessed by cell proliferation) was associated with full inhibition of signaling through the TORC1 pathway. Conversely, cancer cells that were resistant to BYL719 had persistently active mTORC1 signaling, although Akt phosphorylation was inhibited. Similarly, in patients, pS6 (residues 240/4) expression (a marker of mTORC1 signaling) was associated with tumor response to BYL719, and mTORC1 was found to be reactivated in tumors from patients whose disease progressed after treatment. In PIK3CA-mutant cancer cell lines with persistent mTORC1 signaling despite PI3K p110α blockade (that is, resistance), the addition of the allosteric mTORC1 inhibitor RAD001 to the cells along with BYL719 resulted in reversal of resistance in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we found that growth factors such as insulin-like growth factor 1 and neuregulin 1 can activate mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and mediate resistance to BYL719. Our findings suggest that simultaneous administration of mTORC1 inhibitors may enhance the clinical activity of p110α-targeted drugs and delay the appearance of resistance.
Targeting de novo lipogenesis and the Lands cycle induces ferroptosis in KRAS-mutant lung cancer (2021)

Abstract Mutant KRAS (KM) is the most common oncogene in lung cancer (LC). KM regulates several metabolic networks, but their role in tumorigenesis is still not sufficiently characterized to be exploited in cancer therapy. To identify metabolic networks specifically deregulated in KMLC, we characterized the lipidome of genetically engineered LC mice, cell lines, patient derived xenografts and primary human samples. We also determined that KMLC, but not EGFR-mutant (EGFR-MUT) LC, is enriched in triacylglycerides (TAG) and phosphatidylcholines (PC). We also found that KM upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN), a rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid (FA) synthesis promoting the synthesis of palmitate and PC. We determined that FASN is specifically required for the viability of KMLC, but not of LC harboring EGFR-MUT or wild type KRAS. Functional experiments revealed that FASN inhibition leads to ferroptosis, a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-and iron-dependent cell death. Consistently, lipidomic analysis demonstrated that FASN inhibition in KMLC leads to accumulation of PC with polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) chains, which are the substrate of ferroptosis. Integrating lipidomic, transcriptome and functional analyses, we demonstrated that FASN provides saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) that feed the Lands cycle, the main process remodeling oxidized phospholipids (PL), such as PC. Accordingly, either inhibition of FASN or suppression of the Lands cycle enzymes PLA2 and LPCAT3, promotes the intracellular accumulation of lipid peroxides and ferroptosis in KMLC both in vitro and in vivo . Our work supports a model whereby the high oxidative stress caused by KM dictates a dependency on newly synthesized FA to repair oxidated phospholipids, establishing a targetable vulnerability. These results connect KM oncogenic signaling, FASN induction and ferroptosis, indicating that FASN inhibitors already in clinical trial in KMLC patients ( NCT03808558 ) may be rapidly deployed as therapy for KMLC.
T epidisphaera (2019)

Abstract Te.pi.di.sphae'ra. L. masc. adj. tepidus, lukewarm; L. fem. n. sphaera, a sphere; N.L. fem. n. Tepidisphaera, a warm sphere, spherical bacterium growing at moderately high temperature. Bacteria of the genus Tepidisphaera are moderately thermophilic, facultatively aerobic cocci, occurring as single cells or shapeless aggregates. Some cells are motile by means of a single flagellum. Invaginations of a cytoplasmic membrane are not observed. Cells divide by binary fission. Neutrophilic. Grow heterotrophically on a wide range of mono‐, di‐, and polysaccharides. Facultative aerobes capable of fermentative growth on carbohydrates with acetate and propionate as the only detectable products. Do not require electron acceptors (sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium sulfate, elemental sulfur, or sodium fumarate) and NaCl for growth. Major fatty acids are iso‐C 16:0 , anteiso‐C 15:0 , anteiso‐C 17:0 , and one unidentified fatty acid (ECL = 16.39), while the predominant quinone is MK‐6. The only described species of the genus is Tepidisphaera mucosa , which is represented by three strains isolated from various terrestrial hot springs. DNA G + C content (mol%) : 53.0 mol% (genome sequence). Type species : Tepidisphaera mucosa Kovaleva, Merkel, Novikov, Baslerov, Toshchakov and Bonch‐Osmolovskaya 2015, 553 VP . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the genus Tepidisphaera is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Bacteria / Pseudomonadati / Planctomycetota / Phycisphaerae / Tepidisphaerales / Tepidisphaeraceae / Tepidisphaera Tepidisphaera could not be recovered in GTDB ** . * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Jamming as an enabling technology for soft robotics (2010)

This paper presents a new architecture in soft robotics that utilizes particulate jamming technology. A novel concept of actuation is described that utilizes jamming technology to modulate the direction and magnitude of the work performed by a single central actuator. Jamming "activators" modulate work by jamming and unjamming (solidifying and liquifying) a granular medium coupled to a core actuator. These ideas are demonstrated in the Jamming Skin Enabled Locomotion (JSEL) prototype which can morph its shape and achieve locomotion. Next, a new actuator, denoted a Jamming Modulated Unimorph (JMU), is presented in addition to the JSEL topology. The JMU uses a single linear actuator and a discrete number of jamming cells to turn the 1 degree of freedom (DOF) linear actuator into a multi DOF bending actuator. Full characterization of the JMU actuator is presented, followed by a concluding argument for jamming as an enabling mechanism for soft robots in general, regardless of actuation technology.
The Good Governance of Mexico City's Zócalo (2018)

The change in elected government of the Federal District (Distrito Federal), from the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) to that of the center-left PRD party, was of utmost importance for the evolution of the Zcalo's representative space.Using Lefebvre's semiotic tools for the analyses of spatial production 1 through the prism of Cultural Geography and Social History, this article studies one of Mexico's most important symbolic spaces:The Plaza de la Constitucin, colloquially known as the Zcalo.With the ascension of new local and federal governments, the plaza began a process of transformation from a space controlled by the State for the State's demonstrations of power, to an open, inclusive space for all users.As of 1997 diverse cultural, recreational, and mass movement events began to be promoted and experienced on the Plaza.2 This article explains the process by which the Zcalo began to change through spatial appropriation of the absolute space by varied groups with diverse interests and organizational purposes.In the first part, the essay discusses the so-called "March of Dignity", which attracted the participation of people from all sectors: student and youth associations, peasant farmer and laborer communities, blue collar and low-income industrial workers, populist groups, civic organizations, to name a few.The article then describes the impact of Spencer Tunick's project titled "May 6, 2007: naked Zcalo."Tunick's spatial intervention was a massive scale human participation art/happening project.Finally, the article then turns its attention to the recent Ayotzinapa protests and the symbolic significance of the damage done to the Mariana Door of the National Palace which occurred because of the civil unrest of this period. Introduction:This article uses Habermas' "public sphere" theory, Althusser's State apparatus relationships and Lefebvre's "plan of the present work" spatial practice toolkit in order to analyze contemporary spatial use of the Zcalo, Mexico City's symbolic center.The article defines the key terms as follows: spatial production, exhibited sociopolitical and economic value systems used to produce spatial relationships; representative space: the projection of semiotic meaning to users through symbolism, and; absolute space as the physical manifestation of space, which includes all past and present morphological transformations 3 .The goal is to demonstrate how "good governance" is achieved by providing public realms for cultural production and a political structure that not only tolerate spatial socio-political mobilization but encourage spatial production as a venting mechanism for social discontent.This article was written utilizing a Cultural Geography (Sauer) and Social History prism.
Advanced screening techniques for Sub-Synchronous Interaction in wind farms (2012)

This paper aims to outline comprehensive screening guidelines associated with the Sub Synchronous Control Interaction (SSCI) and Sub Synchronous Torsional Interaction (SSTI) for wind power plants. Specific guidelines and methodologies to identify the critical system conditions to be assessed for screening analysis are presented. The application of these techniques on a portion ERCOT grid model with series compensated lines has been demonstrated. Current injection based frequency scans on the system and turbine side are utilized. Based on these scans a guideline to identify the specific candidates for further investigation using Electro Magnetic Transient (EMT)-type simulation is proposed. The results of the screening study are further corroborated by the EMT based simulation case studies. An electrical damping analysis based screening technique for the analysis of SSTI has been presented. The SSTI screening studies have been further corroborated by means of EMT simulations.
Toward Vibrational Tomography of Citrate on Dynamically Changing Individual Silver Nanoparticles (2021)

This study explored changes in binding modes of the most common ligand, citrate on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using single-particle surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SP-SERS). Single AgNPs of 50 ± 10 nm diameter anchored on clean glass slides were monitored using time-dependent SP-SERS with 632.8 nm excitation at 1.3 μW incident (0.5 μW absorbed) power per nanoparticle. We observed several distinct spectra of citrate during time-dependent SP-SERS. Analysis of 1400 spectra showed the existence of two major groups termed as favorable (F) and probable (P) spectra based on their likelihood of appearance and intensities. These distinct spectra corresponded to a multitude of binding modes, structures, and variants of photocatalyzed products of citrate on the surface of dynamically changing AgNPs. Density functional theory (DFT) simulations were performed to model the structures and binding modes of citrate on an Ag(111) surface, and corresponding Raman spectra were computed and compared with distinct spectral types. Experiments performed with deuterated (2,2,4,4-d4) citrate-capped AgNPs provided additional evidence to understand the shifts in vibrational features obtained in SP-SERS of citrate-capped AgNPs. These systematic analyses of time-dependent SP-SERS spectra may be used for the reconstruction and vibrational tomography (VT) of ligands at the single-particle level. The proposed VT approach is similar to sectioning an object through a multitude of orientations and reconstructing its three-dimensional structure, although the structures reconstructed here are molecular orientations.
Imino proton NMR guides the reprogramming of A•T specific minor groove binders for mixed base pair recognition (2016)

Sequence-specific binding to DNA is crucial for targeting transcription factor-DNA complexes to modulate gene expression. The heterocyclic diamidine, DB2277, specifically recognizes a single G•C base pair in the minor groove of mixed base pair sequences of the type AAAGTTT. NMR spectroscopy reveals the presence of major and minor species of the bound compound. To understand the principles that determine the binding affinity and orientation in mixed sequences of DNA, over thirty DNA hairpin substrates were examined by NMR and thermal melting. The NMR exchange dynamics between major and minor species shows that the exchange is much faster than compound dissociation determined from biosensor-surface plasmon resonance. Extensive modifications of DNA sequences resulted in a unique DNA sequence with binding site AAGATA that binds DB2277 in a single orientation. A molecular docking result agrees with the model representing rapid flipping of DB2277 between major and minor species. Imino spectral analysis of a (15)N-labeled central G clearly shows the crucial role of the exocyclic amino group of G in sequence-specific recognition. Our results suggest that this approach can be expanded to additional modules for recognition of more sequence-specific DNA complexes. This approach provides substantial information about the sequence-specific, highly efficient, dynamic nature of minor groove binding agents.
HTLV-I Viral-Associated Myelopathy After Blood Transfusion in a Multiple Trauma Patient (1990)

This may be the first documented case in the United States and in the orthopedic literature of transfusion-transmitted human T-cell leukemia virus Type I (HTLV-I)-associated myelopathy (HAM). Progressive myelopathy occurred in a 58-year-old white man with serologic and molecular evidence of HTLV-I infection after multiple trauma and subsequent transfusion with multiple units of banked blood products. Symptoms of myelopathy occurred 15 months after the transfusions. Myelopathy from HTLV-I infection simulates a disorder of orthopedic interest. Physicians should be aware of the symptoms of HAM and unexplained myelopathy.
ChemInform Abstract: MICROBIOLOGICAL HYDROXYLATION OF STEROIDS PART 9, HYDROXYLATION OF DIKETONES AND KETO‐ALKOHOLS DERIVED FROM 5ALPHA‐ANDROSTANE WITH THE FUNGI RHIZOPUS ACRHIZUS AND RHIZOPUS CIRCINNANS. STEROIDAL 18‐ AND 19‐PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE SIGNALS (1974)

Abstract Die Hydroxylierungen der Androstanolone (I), (IV) und (VI) und der Androstandione (VIII) und (XI) mit Rh arrhizus (Ra) bzw. Rh circinanns (Rc) führen zu den Hydroxylderivaten (II), (III), (V), (VII) und (IX), (X), (XII) und (XIII) als Hauptprodukten.
Z‐Shaped Pyrrolo[3,2‐b]pyrroles and Their Transformation into π‐Expanded Indolo[3,2‐b]indoles (2016)

Sterically hindered 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles possessing ortho-(arylethynyl)phenyl substituents at positions-2 and -5 were efficiently synthesized through a sila-Sonogashira reaction. These unique Z-shaped dyes showed relatively strong fluorescence in solution. Detailed optimization revealed that, in the presence of InCl3, these alkynes readily undergo an intramolecular double cyclization to give hexacyclic products bearing an indolo[3,2-b]indole skeleton in remarkable yields. Steady-state UV-visible spectroscopy revealed that upon photoexcitation, the prepared Z-shaped alkynes undergo mostly radiative relaxation leading to high fluorescence quantum yields. In the case of 7,14-dihydrobenzo[g]benzo[6,7]indolo[3,2-b]indoles, we believe that the substantial planarization of geometry in the excited state, is the underlying reason for the observed large Stokes shifts. The presence of additional electron-withdrawing groups makes it possible to further alter the photophysical properties. The two-photon absorption cross-section values of both families of dyes were found to be modest and the nature of the excited state responsible for two-photon absorption appeared to be strongly affected by the presence of peripheral groups. Serendipitous synthesis of unusual double-Z-shaped alkyne by Sonogashira and Glaser coupling is also reported.
Emissions reduction from MSW combustion systems using natural gas (1988)

This review mainly focuses on the structure, function of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium pump (SERCA) and its role in genesis of arrhythmias. SERCA is a membrane protein that belongs to the family of P-type ion translocating ATPases and pumps free cytosolic calcium into intracellular stores. Active transport of Ca2+ is achieved, according to the E1-E2 model, changing of SERCA structure by Ca2+. The affinity of Ca2+ -binding sites varies from high (E1) to low (E2). Three different SERCA genes were identified-SERCA1, SERCA2, and SERCA3. SERCA is mainly represented by the SERCA2a isoform in the heart. In heart muscle, during systole, depolarization triggers the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and starts contraction. During diastole, muscle relaxation occurs as Ca2+ is again removed from cytosol, predominantly by accumulation into SR via the action of SERCA2a. The main regulator of SERCA2a is phospholamban and another regulator proteolipid of SERCA is sarcolipin. There are a lot of studies on the effect of decreased and/or increased SERCA activity in genesis of arrhythmia. Actually both decrease and increase of SERCA activity in the heart result in some pathological mechanisms such as heart failure and arrhythmia.
.alpha.-Hydroxy esters as chiral reagents: asymmetric synthesis of 2-arylpropionic acids (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-Hydroxy esters as chiral reagents: asymmetric synthesis of 2-arylpropionic acidsRobert D. Larsen, Edward G. Corley, Paul Davis, Paul J. Reider, and Edward J. J. GrabowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7650–7651Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1390Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Periodic Signal Modeling Based on LiÉnard's Equation (2004)

The problem of modeling periodic signals is considered. The approach taken here is motivated by the well known theoretical results on the existence of periodic orbits for Lie/spl acute/nard systems and previous results on modeling periodic signals by means of second-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The approach makes use of the appropriate conditions imposed on the polynomials of the Lie/spl acute/nard's system to guarantee the existence of a unique and stable limit cycle. These conditions reduce the number of parameters required to generate accurate models.
Sensitive measurement method for evaluation of high thermal resistance in bipolar transistors (2003)

A sensitive measurement method is used to discern between the thermal effects of very small changes in device surroundings and to extract high thermal resistance values. The description of electro-thermal behavior is complemented by nematic liquid crystal imaging and FEM simulations of the heat spreading around the device.