gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early Anomaly Detection Model Using Random Forest while Drilling Horizontal Wells with a Real Case Study (2021)

Abstract There has been discrepancy between the pre-calculated and actual T&amp;D values, because of the dependence of the model’s predictability on assumed inputs. Therefore, to have a reliable model, the users must adjust the model inputs; mainly friction coefficient in order to match the actual T&amp;D. This, however, can mask downhole conditions such as cutting beds, tight holes and sticking tendencies. This paper aims to introduce a machine learning model to predict the continuous profile of the surface drilling torque to detect the operational issues in advance. Actual data of Well-1, starting from the time of drilling a 5-7/8-inch horizontal section until one day prior to the stuck pipe event, was used to train and test a random forest (RF) model with an 80/20 split ratio, to predict the surface drilling torque. The input variables for the model are the drilling surface parameters, namely: flow rate, hook load, rate of penetration, rotary speed, standpipe pressure, and weight-on-bit. The developed model was used to predict the surface drilling torque, which represents the normal trend for the last day leading up to the stuck pipe incident in Well-1. Then the model was integrated with a multivariate metric distance, Mahalanobis, to be used as a classifier to measure how close an actual observation is from the predictive normal trend. Based on a pre-determined threshold, each actual observation was labeled as "NORMAL" or "ANOMAL".
Renal Disease in Type I Glycogen Storage Disease (1988)

Although kidney enlargement occurs in Type I glycogen storage disease, renal disease has not been considered a major problem. Death from renal failure in three patients known to us prompted a study of renal function in this disorder. Of the 38 patients with Type I glycogen storage disease under our care, the 18 children under 10 years old had normal renal function. Fourteen of the 20 older patients (13 to 47 years) had disturbed renal function, manifested by persistent proteinuria; many also had hypertension, hematuria, or altered creatinine clearance. Progressive renal insufficiency developed in 6 of these 14 patients, leading to three deaths from renal failure. At the onset of proteinuria, creatinine clearance was increased in seven patients (3.05 +/- 0.68 ml per second per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area; range, 2.47 to 4.13 [normal range, 1.33 to 2.33 ml per second per 1.73 m2]). Renal biopsies were performed in three patients after an average of 10 years of proteinuria. All three biopsies demonstrated focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in various stages of progression. Our data suggest that chronic renal disease is a frequent and potentially serious complication of Type I glycogen storage disease. In addition to treating hypoglycemia vigorously, physicians should monitor renal function carefully in patients with this disorder.
Discrete event simulation for problem solving in the context of an emergency department (2020)

Emergency departments (ED) are responsible for the immediate care and stabilization of patients in critical health conditions. Several factors have caused overcrowding in the emergency care system, but the variability of patient arrival and the triage process requires special attention. The criticality of these components and their configuration directly impact the waiting times, length of stay and quality of service, being the subject of several studies. So, this paper aims to understand by means of Discrete Event Simulation how ED works with the variation of patient arrival and how this variation highlights the bottlenecks of the triage process. Varying the patient arriving interval between 0.1 and 7.6 in a 4-hour scenario, the system saturation point was established in β = 1.1. Besides, with the variation in the number of triages points, a considerable decrease in the total length of stay spent and the waiting times were noticed, mainly when there was two triage points operating simultaneously.
Cellular differentiation in small clumps of Lotus corniculatus callus (1983)

Lotus callus cultures were studied in an attempt to determine, at the cellular and subcellular levels, what morphological changes precede and accompany differentiation. Small clumps of homogenized callus were plated onto a medium containing benzyladenine, which was known to induce differentiation in this system. Initially callus was yellowish and consisted of large, vacuolated cells with deposits of starch. Marked changes occurred in these cells; peripheral and endogenous meristematic areas were initiated giving rise to shoots and either groups of tracheary elements or roots, respectively. Roots developed within 5 day s, while shoot apical meristems with leaf primordia formed by day 9. Many of the cells surrounding meristematic areas developed suberin lamellae in their walls, while others, both within and on the periphery of meristematic areas, accumulated phenolic substances. Cells within meristematic areas had large nuclei with prominent nucleoli, plastids with thylakoids but little or no starch, many mitochondria, and dictyosomes. Morphological observations tend to support the view that physiological isolation of tissue may precede differentiation.
Double Salts Iodide Scintillators: Cesium Barium Iodide, Cesium Calcium Iodide, and Barium Bromine Iodide (2013)

Abstract In this study we review the state‐of‐the‐art for double salt iodide scintillators, in particular cesium barium iodide (CBI), cesium calcium iodide (CCI) and barium bromine iodide (BBI), as well as report on their scintillation and optical properties. Double salt iodides inherently have high density and atomic number which translates to good stopping power for energetic particles, in particular gamma rays. Light yields of 54,000 ph/MeV for CBI, 51,000 ph/MeV for CCI, and 46,000 ph/MeV for BBI were measured. A FWHM energy resolution for the 662 keV full absorption peak was observed at 5.7% for CBI, 16.3% for CCI and 3.56% for BBI. The principal scintillation decay timing for CBI was 840 ns, 462 ns for BBI, and two distinct time components of 9 ns and 1900 ns were observed for CCI.
Epstein−Barr virus-encoded EBNA2 alters immune checkpoint PD-L1 expression by downregulating miR-34a in B-cell lymphomas (2018)

Cancer cells subvert host immune surveillance by altering immune checkpoint (IC) proteins. Some Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated tumors have higher Programmed Cell Death Ligand, PD-L1 expression. However, it is not known how EBV alters ICs in the context of its preferred host, the B lymphocyte and in derived lymphomas. Here, we found that latency III-expressing Burkitt lymphoma (BL), diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) or their EBNA2-transfected derivatives express high PD-L1. In a DLBCL model, EBNA2 but not LMP1 is sufficient to induce PD-L1. Latency III-expressing DLBCL biopsies showed high levels of PD-L1. The PD-L1 targeting oncosuppressor microRNA miR-34a was downregulated in EBNA2-transfected lymphoma cells. We identified early B-cell factor 1 (EBF1) as a repressor of miR-34a transcription. Short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of EBF1 was sufficient to induce miR-34a transcription, which in turn reduced PD-L1. MiR-34a reconstitution in EBNA2-transfected DLBCL reduced PD-L1 expression and increased its immunogenicity in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) and in three-dimensional biomimetic microfluidic chips. Given the importance of PD-L1 inhibition in immunotherapy and miR-34a dysregulation in cancers, our findings may have important implications for combinatorial immunotherapy, which include IC inhibiting antibodies and miR-34a, for EBV-associated cancers.
Homoepitaxial growth and investigation of stacking faults of 4H-SiC C-face epitaxial layers with a 1° off-angle (2015)

We grew epitaxial layers on 4H-SiC C-face substrates with a 1° off-angle, and discussed important factors related to stacking fault (SF) density reduction by investigating the causes of SFs. Three types of SFs were generated, namely 3C inclusions, 8H-SFs and -SFs. The 3C inclusions were caused by 3C-SiC particles, which were present on the substrates before epitaxial growth, or which had fallen onto the substrates during epitaxial growth from the inside walls of a chemical vapor deposition reactor. The 3C-inclusion density decreased when the in-situ H2 etching depth exceeded 0.4 µm because the 3C-SiC particles, which were present on substrates before epitaxial growth, were removed. For 8H-SFs and -SFs, high dislocation density areas on the substrates rather than the dislocations themselves cause these SFs. To reduce the density of these SFs, it is important to suppress generation of the high dislocation density areas on the substrates.
Stochastic online control for smart-grid powered MIMO downlink transmissions (2016)

An infinite time-horizon resource allocation problem is formulated to maximize the time-averaged multi-input multi-output (MIMO) downlink throughput, subject to a time-averaged energy cost budget. By using the advanced time decoupling technique, a novel stochastic subgradient based online control (SGOC) approach is developed for the resultant smart-grid powered communication system. It is analytically established that even without a-priori knowledge of the underlying random processes, the proposed online algorithm is capable of yielding a feasible and asymptotically optimal solution.
Autoinducer-Fluorophore Conjugates Enable FRET in LuxR Proteins in Vitro and in Cells (2022)

Cell-to-cell signaling, or quorum sensing (QS), in Gram-negative bacteria is governed by small molecule signals (N-acyl L-homoserine lactones, AHLs) and their cognate intracellular receptors (LuxR-type proteins). The mechanistic underpinnings of QS in these bacteria are severely limited due to the challenges of isolating and manipulating most LuxR-type proteins. Quantitative assays to characterize the direct binding of ligands to these receptors are largely non-existent. We report herein a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) assay that leverages (i) conserved endogenous tryptophans located in the LuxR-type protein ligand-binding site and synthetic fluorophore-AHL conjugates, and (ii) isolation/stabilization of the proteins bound to weak agonists. The FRET assay permits straightforward measurement of ligand-binding affinities with receptor—either in vitro or in cells—and was shown to be compatible with six LuxR-type receptors. These methods will advance fundamental investigations of the mechanisms of LuxR-type proteins and the development of small molecule modulators of QS.
CXCR5-Dependent Seeding of Follicular Niches by B and Th Cells Augments Antiviral B Cell Responses (2005)

The chemokine receptor CXCR5 and its ligand CXCL13 define the structure of B cell follicles within secondary lymphoid organs. Here, we examined the impact of CXCR5 on antiviral B cell responses in vivo. CXCR5-/- mice showed a normal production of IgM and IgG acutely after infection with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and developed VSV-specific germinal centers. However, impaired Ig class switch and Ab production were observed under conditions of limited availability of Ag (i.e., after immunization with nonreplicating viral particles or soluble Ag). Adoptive transfer of CXCR5-deficient, VSV-specific B and Th cells demonstrated that CXCR5 expression on both B and Th cells is required for an efficient Ig class switch. These experiments revealed that CXCR5 is critical for the coordinated interaction of antiviral T and B cells through its impact on initial B cell expansion and the recruitment of Ag-specific B and Th cells to germinal centers.
Pairs (Re)Loaded: System Design & Benchmarking For Scalable Geospatial Applications (2020)

In this paper we benchmark a previously introduced big data platform that enables the analysis of big data from remote sensing and other geospatial-temporal data. The platform, called IBM PAIRS Geoscope, has been developed by leveraging open source big data technologies (Hadoop/HBase) that are in principle scalable in storage and compute to hundreds of PetaBytes. Currently, PAIRS hosts multiple PetaBytes of curated and geospatial-temporally indexed data. It organizes all data with key-value combinations, performing analytics close to the data to minimize data movement.
Some Projects in Real-World Sound Analysis (2009)

A summary of work in speech separation, soundtrack classification, and music audio analysis at the Laboratory for Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University.
The NIH Budget in the "Postdoubling" Era (2002)

The 5-year doubling of the NIH budget represents a bold policy decision to reset the level of public investment in biomedical research. The
 authors
 propose 6 principles to guide NIH spending in coming years that would protect that investment by balancing support for new research with respect for prior commitments and national research capacity. The goal is a sustainable biomedical research enterprise that avoids destabilizing, counterproductive gyrations in funding. Modeling of NIH budget scenarios reflecting these principles indicates that growth rates below the historic average of the past 4 decades would quickly negate the advantages achieved by the doubling initiative.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effect of Coordinated Water on the Connectivity of Uranium(IV) Sulfate x‐Hydrate: [U(SO4)2(H2O)5] ·H2O and [U(SO4)2(H2O)6] ·2H2O, and a Comparison with Other Known Structures. (2014)

Abstract Small purple‐green rod‐like crystals of [U(SO 4 ) 2 (H 2 O) 5 ] ·H 2 O (I) are prepared in an electrolytic cell from a solution of UO 3 in H 2 SO 4 (Cu cathode, 5.0 A, 5 h, 98% conversion, yield given in g).
Effects of Lys2 to Ala2 substitutions on the structure and potency of ω‐conotoxins MVIIA and CVID (2012)

Lys2 has previously been implicated as a residue important in binding interactions between omega-conotoxins and the N-type calcium channel. To further assess the importance of this residue, Lys2 to Ala2 derivatives of omega-conotoxins MVIIA and CVID were synthesized and their structures and binding potencies determined. A comparison of the 3D structures of the Ala2 mutants with the parent peptides suggest there are significant structural differences brought about by this substitution. In particular, stabilizing interactions between Lys2 and loop 2 of the omega-conotoxins are removed, leading to greater flexibility in loop 2, which contains Tyr13, a crucial residue for omega-conotoxin binding to the N- and P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC). The significant drop in binding potencies resulting from replacement of Lys2 thus appears to relate more to entropic factors than to any direct interaction of Lys2 with the VGCC. This has significant implications for the development of a pharmacophore binding model for omega-conotoxins, as removal of Lys2 from consideration suggests that the omega-conotoxins residues that interact with the N-type VGCC reside in loop 2 and 4, and thus cover a significantly smaller and more defined area of the surface of omega-conotoxin than previously thought.
XRHAMM Functions in Ran-Dependent Microtubule Nucleation and Pole Formation during Anastral Spindle Assembly (2021)

Background: The regulated assembly of microtubules is essential for bipolar spindle formation. Depending on cell type, microtubules nucleate through two different pathways: centrosome-driven or chromatin-driven. The chromatin-driven pathway dominates in cells lacking centrosomes.Results: Human RHAMM (receptor for hyaluronic-acid-mediated motility) was originally implicated in hyaluronic-acid-induced motility but has since been shown to associate with centrosomes and play a role in astral spindle pole integrity in mitotic systems. We have identified the Xenopus ortholog of human RHAMM as a microtubule-associated protein that plays a role in focusing spindle poles and is essential for efficient microtubule nucleation during spindle assembly without centrosomes. XRHAMM associates both with γ-TuRC, a complex required for microtubule nucleation and with TPX2, a protein required for microtubule nucleation and spindle pole organization.Conclusions: XRHAMM facilitates Ran-dependent, chromatin-driven nucleation in a process that may require coordinate activation of TPX2 and γ-TuRC.
Attenuation ofTrypanosoma bruceiIs Associated with Reduced Immunosuppression and Concomitant Production of Th2 Lymphokines (2000)

Mechanisms regulating resistance to African trypanosomes were addressed by comparing the immune responses of mice infected with attenuated Trypanosoma brucei brucei lacking the phospholipase C gene (PLC-/-) and those of mice infected with wild-type (WT) parasites. Inhibition of concanavalin A (ConA)-induced T cell proliferation occurred in spleen and lymph nodes of PLC-/-- and WT-infected mice. Although suppressive cells were elicited in spleen and lymph nodes of WT-infected animals, such cells were not detected in lymph nodes of PLC-/--infected mice. PLC-/--infected mice had more interleukin-4 and -10 in their blood than did WT-infected mice. Correspondingly, PLC-/--infected mice had higher IgG1 antibody levels against variant surface glycoprotein than did WT-infected mice. These data indicate that attenuation of T. b. brucei correlates with the absence of cells suppressing ConA-induced T cell proliferation in the lymph nodes, with increased production of Th2 cytokines and a stronger IgG1 antibody response to trypanosome antigens.
High-performance p-channel LTPS-TFT using HfO2gate dielectric and nitrogen ion implantation (2009)

In this communication, a high-performance p-channel low-temperature poly-Si thin-film transistor with HfO2 gate dielectric and nitrogen ion implantation is demonstrated for the first time. A low threshold voltage VTH = −0.8 V, excellent subthreshold swing S.S. = 0.123 V/decade, high field effect mobility μFE = 64.14 cm2 V−1 s−1 and high driving current IDsat = 9.14 µA µm−1 @ 3 V operation voltage of the p-channel LTPS-TFT can be achieved. The high performance characteristics are attributed to the very low effective oxide thickness EOT = 8.4 nm provided by the HfO2 gate dielectric and the passivation of effective interface states and grain boundary traps by the nitrogen ion implantation treatment. It would be very suitable for the application of a high-speed and low-power pixel-driving device in flat-panel displays.
Structured Light using OAM and Wavelength Domains for Terabit/sec Communications (2017)

Light can be tailored in different domains, including space (e.g., orbital angular momentum) and wavelength. Each domain can also be encoded with information, and multiplexing of multiple beams can increase system capacity. This presentation will discuss recent advances and technical challenges in applying the tailoring of light to communication systems.
Non-ionic polythiophenes: a non-aggregating folded structure in water (2005)

The non-aggregating nature of a water-soluble pi-conjugated polythiophene has been characterised by concentration independent thermal denaturing.
Peribronchiolar Metaplasia: A Common Histologic Lesion in Diffuse Lung Disease and a Rare Cause of Interstitial Lung Disease (2005)

Peribronchiolar metaplasia (PBM) is a histologic lesion consisting of peribronchiolar metaplasia (PBM) of bronchiolar-type epithelium. Although widely recognized, PBM has received little attention in the pathologic literature and is not known to have clinical significance. We identified 15 cases in which PBM was the only major histologic finding in surgical lung biopsies from patients with interstitial lung disease (PBM-ILD), and we reviewed the clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings. The mean age was 57 years (range, 44-74 years) with 13 females and 2 males. One patient had been a welder with fume and asbestos exposure; another had pigeon exposure. Smoking history was available for 13 patients: three current smokers, one cocaine user, two former smokers, and seven never smokers. Three patients had collagen vascular disease. One had elevated serum antinuclear antibody titers. Pulmonary function data were available for 10 patients: one obstructive, five restrictive, two mixed obstructive and restrictive, and two normal. Computerized tomography in 7 patients showed mosaic attenuation in 3 patients and air trapping in 1 patient; no bronchiectasis, septal lines, or honeycombing were seen in any cases. All 11 patients with available follow-up are alive; 4 of them have experienced symptomatic improvement (follow-up, 0.6-6.9 years; mean, 2.4 years). PBM was found focally in other interstitial lung diseases, which were assessed for this lesion: 59% of usual interstitial pneumonia (17 of 29), 50% of nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (10 of 20), desquamative interstitial pneumonia (3 of 6), hypersensitivity pneumonitis (9 of 18), and 11% of respiratory bronchiolitis (2 of 18). In summary, PBM is a common histologic finding in various interstitial lung disorders. It is rarely the sole major lung biopsy finding in patients presenting with interstitial lung disease (PBM-ILD). Patients are mostly older women, with mild symptoms and CT findings. Survival appears to be favorable.
Raman analysis of electron-phonon interactions in GaN films (1997)

Raman analysis of film quality, phonon-plasmon coupling, and phonon-exciton interaction in GaN films with varying Si doping levels is presented. The films exhibit a small stress component ∽0.1 GPa, calculated from the frequency shift of the E2 mode. No correlation between the stress and the doping concentration was found. No forbidden Raman lines were detected in the spectra, implying high quality oriented films. The Raman lineshape of the E2 mode is a Lorentzian with similar linewidths at room temperature and at 10K indicating a homogeneous lifetime broadening mechanism which is not significantly affected by the change in temperature. The linewidth is also independent of Si concentration. The phonon-plasmon mixed frequency modes were calculated to be at ω−.=86 cm−1 and at ω+=741 cm−1 The modes are not present in the spectra and the only effect of the plasmons is a change of the Al(LO) lineshape. Analysis of the A1(LO) line indicated a uniform spatial doping distribution. A resonance effect was observed for the symmetry-allowed A1(LO) mode at T=10K with sub bandgap excitation light. The resonance interaction is consistent with the free exciton model.
ACTIVE FOURIER CONTOUR APPLIED TO REAL TIME 3D ULTRASOUND OF THE HEART (2001)

We describe an active contour based on the elliptical Fourier series, and its application to matrix-array ultrasound. Matrix-array, or Real Time 3D (RT3D), ultrasound is a relatively new medical imaging modality that scans a 3D-volume electronically without physically moving the transducer, allowing for real-time continuous 3D imaging of the heart. With the goal of automatically tracking the heart wall, an active contour has been developed using the elliptical Fourier series to find perpendicular lines intersecting an initial contour. The neighborhood defined by these perpendiculars is mapped into a rectangular space, called a swath, whose vertical axis represents the inside-vs-outside dimension of the contour (perpendicular to the contour), and whose horizontal axis represents parametric distance along the contour (tangent to the contour). A dynamic programming technique is then used to find the optimum error function traversing the rectangle horizontally, and this error function is mapped back into image space to yield a new contour. The method does not iterate, but rather simultaneously searches for the optimum contour within a limited domain. Results are presented applying the technique to RT3D ultrasound images of in vivo hearts.