gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CT radiomic features of photodynamic priming in clinical pancreatic adenocarcinoma treatment (2021)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) offers localized focal ablation in unresectable pancreatic tumors while tissues surrounding the treatment volume experience a lower light dose, termed photodynamic priming (PDP). While PDP does not cause tissue damage, it has been demonstrated to promote vascular permeability, improve drug delivery, alleviate tumor cell density, and reduce desmoplasia and the resultant internal pressure in pre-clinical evaluation. Preclinical data supports PDP as a neoadjuvant therapy beneficial to subsequent chemotherapy or immunotherapy, yet it is challenging to quantify PDP effects in clinical treatment without additional imaging and testing. This study investigated the potential of radiomic analysis using CT scans acquired before and after PDT to identify areas experiencing PDT-induced necrosis as well as quantify PDP effects in the surrounding tissues. A total of 235 CT tumor slices from seven patients undergoing PDT for pancreatic tumors were examined. Radiomic features assessed included intensity metrics (CT number in Hounsfield Units) and texture analysis using several gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) parameters. Pre-treatment scans of tumor areas that resulted in PDT-induced necrosis showed statistically significant differences in intensity and texture-based features that could be used to predict the regions that did respond (paired t-test, response versus no response,<i>p</i> < 0.001). Evaluation of PDP effects on the surrounding tissues also demonstrated statistically significant differences, in tumor mean value, standard deviation, and GLCM parameters of contrast, dissimilarity and homogeneity (t-test, pre versus post,<i>p</i> < 0.001). Using leave-one-out cross validation, six intensity and texture-based features were combined into a support-vector machine model which demonstrated reliable prediction of treatment effects for six out of seven patients (ROC curve, AUC = 0.93). This study provides pilot evidence that texture features extracted from CT scans could be utilized as an effective clinical diagnostic prediction and assessment of PDT and PDP effects in pancreatic tumors. (clinical trial NCT03033225).
An interweaved spiral array (ISPA) providing a 10:1 bandwidth over a ground plane (2010)

In this paper, we present a novel, planar, circularly polarized (CP) Interweaved Spiral Array (ISPA) having a 10:1 bandwidth while operating conformally on a PEC ground plane. The design is based on Wheeler's concept and is comprised of rectangular, self-complementary spiral elements.
Hot-Lot Equivalent of Technology Development—Immersion Lithography (2004)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Figure S9 from Expression of Adipocyte/Macrophage Fatty Acid–Binding Protein in Tumor-Associated Macrophages Promotes Breast Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S9 summarizes A-FABP as a new functional marker for pro-tumor macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;
Photoinduced Vibrations Drive Ultrafast Structural Distortion in Lead Halide Perovskite (2020)

The success of organic-inorganic perovskites in optoelectronics is dictated by the complex interplay between various underlying microscopic phenomena. The structural dynamics of organic cations and the inorganic sublattice after photoexcitation are hypothesized to have a direct effect on the material properties, thereby affecting the overall device performance. Here, we use ultrafast heterodyne-detected two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy to reveal impulsively excited vibrational modes of methylammonium (MA) lead iodide perovskite, which drive the structural distortion after photoexcitation. Vibrational analysis of the measured data allows us to monitor the time-evolved librational motion of the MA cation along with the vibrational coherences of the inorganic sublattice. Wavelet analysis of the observed vibrational coherences reveals the coherent generation of the librational motion of the MA cation within ∼300 fs complemented with the coherent evolution of the inorganic skeletal motion. To rationalize this observation, we employed the configuration interaction singles (CIS), which support our experimental observations of the coherent generation of librational motions in the MA cation and highlight the importance of the anharmonic interaction between the MA cation and the inorganic sublattice. Moreover, our advanced theoretical calculations predict the transfer of the photoinduced vibrational coherence from the MA cation to the inorganic sublattice, leading to reorganization of the lattice to form a polaronic state with a long lifetime. Our study uncovers the interplay of the organic cation and inorganic sublattice during formation of the polaron, which may lead to novel design principles for the next generation of perovskite solar cell materials.
Scatterometry-based on-product focus measurement and monitoring (2013)

Immersion lithography is being extended to below 20-nm and the lithography performance requirements need to be tightened further to enable this shrink. With depth of focus control requirements of the scanner going down to 60 nm and below, high quality metrology data is needed to quantify the disturbance of the exposed image. In this paper we present a metrology measurement method to allow accurate and robust measurements of the scanner focus state, through sampling of regular production wafers. Using a unique combination of specifically designed metrology targets and dedicated scatterometer measurements, accurate, precise and robust focus measurement capability is demonstrated. The application towards improved scanner focus control will be explained, demonstrating a measured 18% improvement of production wafer focus uniformity.
An Empirical Comparison of Tree-Based Methods for Propensity Score Estimation (2020)

To illustrate the use of ensemble tree-based methods (random forest classification [RFC] and bagging) for propensity score estimation and to compare these methods with logistic regression, in the context of evaluating the effect of physical and occupational therapy on preschool motor ability among very low birth weight (VLBW) children.
Studies on the molecular nature of human interleukin 1. (1987)

Adherent human blood monocytes were stimulated with heat-killed Staphylococcus albus or Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide in the presence of 35S-methionine-, [3H]leucine-, or 14C-labeled amino acids. After incubation, interleukin 1 (IL 1) activity in the supernatant medium was purified over an anti-human IL 1 immunoadsorbent followed by gel filtration and chromatofocusing. The purity of the IL 1 was assessed by fluorography of one- and two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Isoelectric and chromatofocusing of low m.w. proteins (less than 20,000 m.w.) revealed three charged 18,000 m.w. species of IL 1 with approximate pI's of 7, 6, and 5, with the most abundant form at pI 7. During the purification procedures, lymphocyte co-mitogenic activity, fever in rabbits, and prostaglandin E2 release from dermal fibroblasts co-eluted in the same fractions. In addition, these fractions were active when injected into endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice for the production of fever, the induction of serum amyloid A protein, a decrease in serum iron concentration, and an increase in the number of circulating neutrophils. Fluorography revealed homogeneous bands with an m.w. of about 18,000 which correlated with these biological activities. The specific activity of the pI 6 or 5 IL 1, as judged by the ratio of T cell co-mitogenic activity to incorporated radiolabeled amino acid, was at least 10-fold greater than that observed for the pI 7 form. This result suggests that the amino acid compositions of the two 18,000 m.w. acidic forms are unrelated to the pI 7 species. These results also demonstrate that the pI 7 human monocyte IL 1 is the predominant 18,000 m.w. form synthesized and, furthermore, that homogeneous pI 7 IL 1 exhibits multiple biological properties on various tissues by modulating immunologic, inflammatory, metabolic, and neurologic functions. Data are also presented for the existence of a high m.w. (32,000) human pro-IL 1 molecule as the predominant monocytic intracellular form. This pro-IL 1 is degraded artifactually during isolation to lower m.w. forms in the presence of an extracellular serine protease activity. These data are consistent with a model for IL 1 secretion in which pro-IL 1 is first synthesized within the cell and is processed during or after extracellular transport.
Pyomyositis caused by vigorous exercise in a boy (1995)

We report on a 12-year-old boy who suffered from staphylococcal pyomyositis in both arms following vigorous exercise. No trauma or skin lesions were observed. In non-tropical areas, the etiology of pyomyositis can be related to muscle injury caused merely by exercise, without any other predisposing factors.
Progress in Rotorcraft Icing Computational Tool Development (2015)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The formation of ice over lifting surfaces can affect aerodynamic performance. In the case of helicopters, this loss in lift and the increase in sectional drag forces will have a dramatic effect on vehicle performance. The ability to predict ice accumulation and the resulting degradation in rotor performance is essential to determine the limitations of rotorcraft in icing encounters. The consequences of underestimating performance degradation can be serious and so it is important to produce accurate predictions, particularly for severe icing conditions. The simulation of rotorcraft ice accretion is a challenging multidisciplinary problem that until recently has lagged in development over its counterparts in the fixed wing community. But now, several approaches for the robust coupling of a computational fluid dynamics code, a rotorcraft structural dynamics code and an ice accretion code have been demonstrated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Structure and Dynamics of Blends of Diblock Copolymers (2003)

The melt state rheological behavior of a series of blends of a lamellae‐forming nearly symmetrical polystyrene‐polyisoprene (PS‐PI) diblock copolymer with a sphere‐forming highly asymmetrical PS‐PI diblock copolymer is correlated to their structure obtained from small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS). The exponential composition dependence of the relaxation of fluctuations associated with the disordered asymmetrical diblock is similar to that observed in solutions of star polymers. Further, the zero‐shear viscosity of the blends in the disordered state exhibits unusually strong composition dependence. These dynamic properties are closely linked with the SANS‐based structural data that suggest strong compositional fluctuations, even in the disordered state.
ChemInform Abstract: Bone Active Bisphosphonate Mechanistic Studies: Synthesis of a 2‐Pyrindinylmethylene Bisphosphonic Acid via a Photolytic Ring Contraction. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimating Post-Event Seller Productivity Profiles in Dynamic Sales Organizations (2011)

In modern sales organizations, the sales force is constantly in flux due to sellers retiring or leaving to take positions in other organizations, and due to new sellers being hired from universities, from other organizations, and transferring in from different divisions within the enterprise. The productivity of sellers in the time period after these human resource events is not the same as that of entrenched sellers. It takes time for new sellers to ramp up their productivity and the ramping up profile of productivity for new sellers of different categories varies. Also, sellers that attrit have a lasting effect on sales in the pipeline after they leave. Thus revenue projections and other business planning decisions cannot simply be made from the total headcount of sellers, post-event seller productivity profiles must also be taken into account. In this paper, we propose a regularized estimation technique using linear programming to minimize maximum residual error for determining seller productivity profiles from aggregate sales revenue and headcount data that can then be used in future planning. We demonstrate the estimation technique on real sales data from a global enterprise and compare results to productivity profiles elicited from sales force leaders in the enterprise.
PRESENTA ARAGÓN URNA ELECTRÓNICA AL IEDF (2005)

ALUMNOS DE INGENIERIA EN COMPUTACION, DE LA ESCUELA NACIONAL DE ESTUDIOS PROFESIONALES (ENEP) ARAGON, PRESENTARON UN PROTOTIPO DE URNA ELECTRONICA A LAS autorIDADES DEL INSTITUTO ELECTORAL DEL DISTRITO FEDERAL (IEDF), ELABORADA EN EL CENTRO TECNOLOGICO ARAGON. EL PROPOSITO ES QUE LAS SOLUCIONES TECNOLOGICAS PROPUESTAS SEAN INCLUIDAS EN EL DISENO FINAL QUE SE UTILIZARA EN UN EJERCICIO PILOTO EN LAS ELECCIONES PARA JEFE DE GOBIERNO DE LA CIUDAD DE MEXICO EN 2006. LA PROPUESTA SE HIZO EN RESPUESTA A LA CONVOCATORIA EMITIDA POR EL IEDF, DONDE INVITABA A LAS INSTITUCIONES DE EDUCACION SUPERIOR DEL PAIS A DESARROLLAR PROYECTOS PARA UNA URNA ELECTRONICA QUE CUBRIERA CIERTOS REQUISITOS. ENTRE ELLOS TENER UN PESO MENOR A OCHO KILOS, UNA BATERIA PARA TRABAJAR POR MAS DE 12 HORAS, UN COSTO MENOR A 800 DOLARES, UN GABINETE TRANSPORTADOR LIVIANO, CONTENER UN DISPOSITIVO FISICO PARA TRASLADAR LA INFORMACION DE LA JORNADA ELECTORAL DE MANERA CIFRADA, UN MECANISMO PARA AUDITAR LA URNA, UN SISTEMA OPERATIVO CONFIABLE Y SEGURO, CONTAR CON UNA IMPRESORA, FACILIDAD DE USO PARA LOS REPRESENTANTES DE CASILLA Y LOS ELECTORES, ASI COMO CONSIDERAR UN SISTEMA DE AUDIO PARA LOS DEBILES VISUALES. EL EQUIPO DE ARAGONESES, COORDINADO POR GIANFRANCO BISIACCHI, MARCELO PEREZ Y JESUS HERNANDEZ, CONTO CON CUATRO MESES PARA DESARROLLAR EL SOFTWARE. LA PROPUESTA TIENE LA VENTAJA DE HABERSE DESARROLLADO CON EL SISTEMA OPERATIVO LINUX QUE, DE ACUERDO CON JESUS HERNANDEZ, ES UNO DE LOS MAS SEGUROS Y ESTABLES EN EL MUNDO, DE MANERA QUE LOS DATOS Y RESULTADOS SOLO SERAN VISTOS POR PERSONAL autorIZADO. OTRA VENTAJA DE ESTA APLICACION TECNOLOGICA ES QUE FUE DISENADA EN SOFTWARE LIBRE, EVITANDO ASI QUE EL INSTITUTO PAGUE DERECHOS DE autor. LOS DATOS SON TRANSMITIDOS POR TSP, LA FORMA HABITUAL EN QUE SE GENERA LA COMUNICACION EN INTERNET. LA URNA Y LA IMPRESORA INCORPORADA SE ENCARGAN DE EMITIR LAS ACTAS DE APERTURA DE CASILLAS, ASI COMO LOS COMPROBANTES DE SUFRAGIO, LO CUAL ADEMAS PERMITE AHORRAR COSTOSOS RECURSOS QUE ANTES SE DESTINABAN A LA EMISION DE PLANILLAS. EL CIRCUITO PARA LA ADMINISTRACION DE ENERGIA (LA BATERIA) Y EL GABINETE PARA LA URNA FUERON DISENADOS EN LOS LABORATORIOS DE MEDICION E INSTRUMENTACION Y DE COMPORTAMIENTO DE MATERIALES DE LA ENEP ARAGON, POR LOS PROFESORES JULIO BERNAL Y JAVIER JIMENEZ, CON EL APOYO DE ALUMNOS DE INGENIERIA MECANICA ELECTRICA. SE EXPLICA EL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE LA URNA DURANTE LA JORNADA ELECTORAL.
Ex vivo expansion of cord blood progenitors impairs their short‐term and long‐term repopulating activity associated with transcriptional dysregulation of signalling networks (2012)

The decline in short-term engraftment is consistent with the loss of rapid SCID repopulating ability r(SRA) by expanded CD34(+) CD38(+) cells recently reported. Our data raise concerns for future clinical applications of expanded HPC alone in transplantation.
Correction: GRACE-FO: The Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow-On Mission (2022)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Photobleaching-based Dosimetry Predicts Deposited Dose in ALA-PpIX PDT of Rodent Esophagus (2007)

An improved method to estimate dose to esophageal tissue was investigated in the setting of photodynamic therapy with aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) treatment. A model of treatment-induced edema in the esophagus mucosa proved to be a well controlled and useful way to test the dosimetry model, and the light from the treatment laser together with the PpIX fluorescence intensity could be quantified reliably in real time. Dosimetry calculations based upon the detected fluorescence and bleaching kinetics were used to calculate the "effective" dose to the tissue, and a correlation was shown to exist between this metric and the edema induced in the esophagus. The difference between animals with no detectable treatment effect and those with significant edema was predictable based upon the dose calculation. The underlying assumption in the interpretation of the data is that rapid photobleaching of PpIX occurs when there is ample oxygen supply, and this bleaching is not present when oxygen is limited. This leads to the prediction that integration of the light and drug dose, in intervals where appreciable photobleaching occurs, should provide a prediction of the relative dose of singlet oxygen produced. This detection system and rodent model can be used for prospective dosimetry studies that focus on optimization of esophageal PDT.
Benign approaches for the synthesis of bis-imine Schiff bases (2005)

Pure bis-imine Schiff bases are readily accessible in high yield, typically >95%, when aliphatic diamine/aldehyde condensation reactions are carried out under solvent-free conditions or in poly(propyleneglycol) (PPG) as a recyclable reaction medium, with negligible waste.
Application of Dynamic Programming in Long-Range Pipeline Facility Planning and in Assessing Off-Design and Off-Flow-Forecast Trajectories (2008)

Dynamic programming (DP) inherently provides a methodology for evaluating a series of decisions in order to determine an optimal policy or path forward. The methodology basically enumerates and evaluates alternative states over the planning horizon in formulating the optimum strategy. In the present work, the concept of DP has been applied to pipeline long-range facility planning problems, and further extended to allow evaluation of nth optimum pipeline facility deployments based on cost and/or probabilities of constraints. The best four options were further analyzed considering uncertainties in the cost elements and the resulting economic risk associated with each optimum path. This paper presents the theory behind the extension of the DP methodology to pipeline long-range facility-planning problems over a planning horizon that considers inherent uncertainties in gas supply and demand as well as a range of available facility options. Uncertainties in the size and location of the required facilities to handle the forecast volumes, and associated variances in their respective cost to build and operate the various facilities, are all accounted for. The problem is further complicated by the possible changes in the expected flow from that forecast during design and the resulting penalties associated with the under- or over-sizing of facilities. It was demonstrated that it is important that the off-design flow forecast be evaluated to determine the impact of future variability or changes. The value that the organization can derive from being able to quantify the benefit (or penalty) of forecast uncertainty and over- or under-building long-range facilities, is significant.
The Tabula Sapiens: a multiple organ single cell transcriptomic atlas of humans (2021)

Abstract Molecular characterization of cell types using single cell transcriptome sequencing is revolutionizing cell biology and enabling new insights into the physiology of human organs. We created a human reference atlas comprising nearly 500,000 cells from 24 different tissues and organs, many from the same donor. This atlas enabled molecular characterization of more than 400 cell types, their distribution across tissues and tissue specific variation in gene expression. Using multiple tissues from a single donor enabled identification of the clonal distribution of T cells between tissues, the tissue specific mutation rate in B cells, and analysis of the cell cycle state and proliferative potential of shared cell types across tissues. Cell type specific RNA splicing was discovered and analyzed across tissues within an individual.
Manifestation of the Difference in Reactivity of Silver Clusters in Contrast to Its Ions and Nanoparticles: The Growth of Metal Tipped Te Nanowires (2014)

Reactivity of two different nanosystems of silver, namely nanoparticles and atomically precise clusters, toward 1D tellurium nanowires (NWs) was probed and compared with the reaction of silver ions. While the reaction of nanoparticles and ions led to silver telluride nanowires, a different reactivity was exhibited by clusters which resulted in silver islands at different positions on the Te NWs. These hybrid Ag nodule-decorated Te NWs are sensitive to temperature, and they transform to dumbbell-shaped silver-tipped Te NWs upon solution phase annealing. Differences in chemical reactivity of nanoparticles of two different size regimes with nanowires are demonstrated. Synthetic methods of this kind will be useful in creating complex nanostructures which are difficult to be made in the solution phase.
Supplementary Tables 3-9 from Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Inside MicroRNA Target Sites Influence Tumor Susceptibility (2023)

Supplementary Tables 3-9 from Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms Inside MicroRNA Target Sites Influence Tumor Susceptibility
Antihydrophobic Solvent Effects:  An Experimental Probe for the Hydrophobic Contribution to Enzyme−Inhibitor Binding (2002)

The hydrophobic component to the binding affinities of one acyclic phosphinate (4) and three macrocyclic phosphonamidate inhibitors (1-3) to the zinc peptidase thermolysin was probed by varying the solvent composition. Increasing the percentage of ethanol in the buffer solution over the range 0-9% increases the inhibition constants, K(i), by up to an order of magnitude. This approach represents an experimental method for distinguishing solvation from conformational or other effects on protein-ligand binding. The size of the "antihydrophobic effect" is correlated with the amount of hydrophobic surface area sequestered from solvent on association of the inhibitor and enzyme, although it is attenuated from that calculated from the surface tension of ethanol-water mixtures. The results are consistent with the Lum-Chandler-Weeks explanation for the size dependence of the hydrophobic effect.