gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
55-mW 200-MSPS 10-bit pipeline ADCs for wireless receivers (2005)

A new power reduction technique for ADCs is proposed in this paper. The power reduction technique is a kind of amplifier sharing technique, and it is suitable for ADCs in a wireless receiver. A test chip, which contains two ADCs, is fabricated in 90-nm 1-P 7-M CMOS technology. The 10-bit, 200-MSPS ADCs achieve DNL of 0.66 LSB, rNL of 1.00 LSB, and SNDR of 54.4 dB that corresponds to 8.7 ENOB. The power dissipation is only 55 mW from a 1.2-V supply.
Emergence of Topologically Protected Helical States in Minimally Twisted Bilayer Graphene. (2018)

Bilayer graphene samples in which inversion symmetry is broken have quantum valley Hall ground states that support counterpropogating topologically protected helical (TPH) edge states localized along domain walls between AB and BA stacking regions. Moreover, a moir\'e pattern consisting of AB and BA stacking regions separated by a grid of domain walls, forms in bilayer graphene when a small twist-angle is applied between the layers. We fabricate designer moir\'e crystals with wavelengths longer than 50 nm and demonstrate the emergence of TPH states on the domain wall network by scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements. We observe a double-line profile of the TPH states on the domain walls, only occurring when the AB and BA regions are gapped. Our results demonstrate a practical and flexible method for TPH state network construction.
A generalized MVDR spectrum (2005)

The minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) approach is very popular in array processing. It is also employed in spectral estimation where the Fourier matrix is used in the optimization process. First, we give a general form of the MVDR where any unitary matrix can be used to estimate the spectrum. Second and most importantly, we show how the MVDR method can be used to estimate the magnitude squared coherence function, which is very useful in so many applications but so few methods exist to estimate it. Simulations show that our algorithm gives much more reliable results than the one based on the popular Welch's method.
Excited-State Electronic Coupling and Photoinduced Multiple Electron Transfer in Two Related Ligand-Bridged Hexanuclear Mixed-Valence Compounds (2002)

The synthesis, characterization, electrochemical, photophysical, and photochemical properties of two hexanuclear mixed-valence compounds are reported. Each supramolecular species consists of two cyano-bridged [(NC)(5)Fe(II)-CN-Pt(IV)(NH(3))(3)L-NC-Fe(II)(CN)(5)] triads that are linked to each other through a Pt(IV)-L-Pt(IV) bridge, where L = 4,4'-dipyridyl (bpy) or 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4'-dipyridyl (dmb). The major difference between the two compounds is the electronic nature of the bridging ligand between the two Pt atoms. Both species exhibit a broad Fe(II) --> Pt(IV) intervalent (IT) absorption band at 421 nm with an oscillator strength that is approximately four times that for [(NC)(5)Fe(II)-CN-Pt(IV)(NH(3))(5)] and twice that for [(NC)(5)Fe(II)-CN-Pt(IV)(NH(3))(4)-NC-Fe(II)(CN)(5)].(4-) When L = bpy, the resonance Raman spectrum obtained by irradiating the IT band at 488 nm exhibits several dipyridyl ring modes at 1604, 1291, and 1234 cm(-1) which are not present in the spectrum when L = dmb. In addition, femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy performed at 400 nm yields a transient bleach of the IT absorption band with a single exponential decay of 3.5 ps for L = bpy, compared with only 1.8 ps for L = dmb and 2.1 ps for [(NC)(5)Fe(II)-CN-Pt(IV)(NH(3))(4)-NC-Fe(II)(CN)(5)].(4-) Last, prolonged irradiation of the complexes at 488 nm leads to the formation of 4 equiv of ferricyanide with a quantum efficiency of 0.0014 for L = bpy and 0.0011 for L = dmb. The transient absorption, resonance Raman, and photochemical data suggest that the degree of excited electronic coupling in these compounds is tunable by changing the electronic nature of the Pt-L-Pt bridging ligand.
Compositional Scene Modeling with Global Object-Centric Representations (2022)

The appearance of the same object may vary in different scene images due to perspectives and occlusions between objects. Humans can easily identify the same object, even if occlusions exist, by completing the occluded parts based on its canonical image in the memory. Achieving this ability is still a challenge for machine learning, especially under the unsupervised learning setting. Inspired by such an ability of humans, this paper proposes a compositional scene modeling method to infer global representations of canonical images of objects without any supervision. The representation of each object is divided into an intrinsic part, which characterizes globally invariant information (i.e. canonical representation of an object), and an extrinsic part, which characterizes scene-dependent information (e.g., position and size). To infer the intrinsic representation of each object, we employ a patch-matching strategy to align the representation of a potentially occluded object with the canonical representations of objects, and sample the most probable canonical representation based on the category of object determined by amortized variational inference. Extensive experiments are conducted on four object-centric learning benchmarks, and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method not only outperforms state-of-the-arts in terms of segmentation and reconstruction, but also achieves good global object identification performance.
45.2: Invited Paper : Extremely High Performance White OLEDs for Lighting (2012)

Abstract High performance all phosphorescent white devices with single unit and two‐unit structures on a light outcoupling substrate were investigated. The single unit device showed high efficacy of 87 lm/W with a half decay lifetime of 10,000 h at the luminance of 1,000 cd/m 2 . The two‐unit device realized also high efficacy of 83 lm/W with much improved lifetime of over 100,000 h.
Structure-guided optimization of a novel class of ASK1 inhibitors with increased sp3 character and an exquisite selectivity profile (2020)

Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase-1 (ASK1) is a known member of the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase Kinase (MAP3K) family and upon stimulation will activate the p38- and JNK-pathways leading to cardiac apoptosis, fibrosis, and hypertrophy. Using Structure-Based Drug Design (SBDD) in parallel with deconstruction of a published compound, a novel series of ASK1 inhibitors was optimized, which incorporated a saturated heterocycle proximal to the hinge-binding motif. This yielded a unique chemical series with excellent selectivity across the broader kinome, and desirable drug-like properties. The lead compound (10) is highly soluble and permeable, and exhibits a cellular EC50 = 24 nM and Kd < 1 nM. Of the 350 kinases tested, 10 has an IC50 ≤ 500 nM for only eight of them. This paper will describe the design hypotheses behind this series, key data points during the optimization phase, as well as a possible structural rationale for the kinome selectivity. Based on crystallographic data, the presence of an aliphatic cycle adjacent to the hinge-binder in the active site of the protein kinase showed up in <1% of the >5000 structures in the Protein Data Bank, potentially conferring the selectivity seen in this series.
Axial-cones (2010)

Catadioptric imaging systems are commonly used for wide-angle imaging, but lead to multi-perspective images which do not allow algorithms designed for perspective cameras to be used. Efficient use of such systems requires accurate geometric ray modeling as well as fast algorithms. We present accurate geometric modeling of the multi-perspective photo captured with a spherical catadioptric imaging system using axial-cone cameras: multiple perspective cameras lying on an axis each with a different viewpoint and a different cone of rays. This modeling avoids geometric approximations and allows several algorithms developed for perspective cameras to be applied to multi-perspective catadioptric cameras.
Editorial: Quantum Information and Quantum Computing for Chemical Systems (2021)

Quantum computing has emerged as an exciting inter-disciplinary research topic that cuts across the traditional fields of physics, computer science, and engineering It is a revolutionary model of computation that has offered new insights into methods for modeling and simulation of chemical systems Applications of quantum computing to chemistry have demonstrated rapid progress on both theoretical and experimental fronts Past theoretical efforts have shown how to adapt quantum computation to a variety of problems including electronic structure and molecular dynamics. In addition, the development of quantum algorithms for quantum chemistry has been stimulated by the greater availability of more capable quantum computing devices Advances in the number and quality of qubits continues to enable remarkable proof-of-concept demonstrations working towards a milestone of quantum computational advantage
Electrical measurement for detecting early postmortem changes in porcine muscle. (1996)

Use of electrical measurements to detect quality defects in porcine muscle in the early postmortem period was evaluated. Justification for use of a tetrapolar, constant current electrode configuration instead of bipolar electrodes was provided for measurements at low frequencies. Interrelationships among electrical properties, pH values, ATP decline, temperature, time postmortem, and final water-holding capacity (WHC) of porcine muscle were quantified using 25 hogs. Immediately after exsanguination, a section of the left longissimus muscle (LM) was excised to obtain rigor shortening patterns and complex impedance measurements over a 10-h period at 37 degrees C. Complex impedance measurements were taken using a tetrapolar electrode configuration at 1 kHz and .156 mA. At 15, 45, and 90 min postmortem, pH, ATP/IMP absorbance (R), and conductivity measured by the Tecpro Pork Quality Meter (PQM) were measured on the right side LM. At 24 h postmortem, WHC, pH, R, PQM, Hunter Color Lab values, and subjective quality scores were evaluated on the left LM. The WHC measurements were used to group carcasses into normal (n = 17) and abnormal (n = 8) categories. Mean pH and R at 45 and 90 min were different (P < .05) but pH at 24 h was not different between the normal and abnormal groups. Onset and completion of rigor were more rapid in carcasses with low WHC (P < .05). The PQM values were greater (P < .05) in the abnormal group at 90 min and 24 h postmortem. Excised muscle measurements of relative impedance (Z*) and phase (theta*) showed Z* and theta* increased more rapidly within the first 15 min postmortem (P < .1) for samples with abnormal WHC. However, one PSE carcass showed an immediate rapid decrease in Z* and theta*. Results suggest measurement of rate of change of impedance and phase angle before 90 min postmortem would be a better prediction of ultimate quality than absolute magnitude of impedance.
Corrigendum: Investigating Pregnancy and Its Complications Using Circulating Cell-Free RNA in Women's Blood During Gestation (2021)

In the original article, the conflict of interest statement was inadvertently incomplete. The full statement should read: "SRQ is a founder and shareholder of Mirvie, and Stanford University and the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub have filed patents based on the work of SRQ and MNM on the use of cfRNA in maternal and fetal health.” The authors apologize for this error and state that this does not change the scientific conclusions of the article in any way. The original article has been updated.
Imperial and Anti-Imperial Constructions of Civilisation: Engagements with Pre-Modern Pasts (2008)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. R. Jones and R. Phillips, ‘Unsettling Geographical Horizons: Exploring Pre-modern and Non-European Imperialism’, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 95/1 (March 2005) pp. 141–161. 2. M. Heidegger, ‘Letter on Humanism’, in D. F. Krell (ed.), Martin Heidegger: Basic Writings (London: Routledge) p. 200. 3. M. Chapman, The Celts: The Construction of a Myth (London and New York: St Martin's Press 1992). 4. E. Said, Orientalism (London: Penguin 1978) p. 57. 5. R. Bartlett, The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization and Cultural Change 950–1350 (London: Penguin 1993). 6. Quoted in R. Bartlett, Gerald of Wales 1146–1223 (Oxford: Clarendon Press 1982) p. 165. 7. R. Jones, ‘Mann, Men in a Medieval State: The Geographies of Power in the Middle Ages’, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 24/1 (March 1999) pp. 65–78. 8. J. Given, ‘The Economic Consequences of the English Conquest of Gwynedd’, Speculum 64/1 (Jan. 1989) pp. 11–45. 9. S. P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (New York: Simon and Schuster 1996) p. 20. 10. Z. Sardar, The Future of Muslim Civilization (London: Mansell 1987) p. 3; C. Hillenbrand, The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press 1999). 11. M. Ali, ‘Turkey Past, Present and Future’, Reflections (Dec. 2004) pp. 4–5 12. M. Ali, ‘Discovering the Bengal’, Reflections (March 2005) pp. 11–12 13. T. Ali, Shadows of the Pomegranate Tree (London: Chatto & Windus 1992). 14. T. Ahmed, ‘Interview with Tariq Ali’, Socialist Review (Nov. 2006) p. 8. 15. Ibid.
Fundamental mechanisms of 3He relaxation on glass (2002)

Abstract We present a model of 3 He relaxation on the surface of borosilicate glass which accurately predicts observed relaxation rates and their temperature dependence. Above room temperature 3 He dissolves into Pyrex, where interactions with Fe3+ ions result in a relaxation time of ≈1 ms. Gas exchange across the glass surface of an enclosed vessel leads to T1−1=A/V(3.9±1.4)×10−2 cm/h at room temperature, where A/V is the surface-to-volume ratio. The activation energy for relaxation is 13.7±0.7 kJ/mol and is dominated by the activation energy of 3 He diffusion in glass. This is the first successful confirmation of predicted 3 He relaxation rates in glass vessels.
Vemurafenib in patients with BRAFV600 mutant glioma: A cohort of the histology-independent VE-basket study. (2017)

2004 Background: Recurrent malignant gliomas (MG) are a universally fatal disease in desperate need of better therapies. Pleiomorphic xanthoastrocytomas (PXA) and juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas (JPA) typically have better outcomes, although when recurrent, also represent an aggressive disease with no proven effective chemotherapy. BRAF V600 alterations have been identified in a substantial proportion of gliomas, including glioblastoma (GBM), astrocytoma, PXA, and JPA. The phase 2, open-label, histology-independent VE-BASKET study of vemurafenib, a selective BRAF V600 kinase inhibitor, in patients with BRAF mutation-positive non-melanoma tumors, included those with gliomas in the ‘all-others’ cohort. We now report final data for patients with recurrent gliomas. Methods: Patients received vemurafenib (960 mg bid) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary endpoint was investigator-assessed response rate; secondary endpoints included clinical benefit rate (confirmed complete or partial response or stable disease lasting ≥6 months), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and toxicity. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01524978. Results: 24 patients (median age 32 years; 18 female, 6 male) with glioma were treated, including mg (n = 11; 6 GBM and 5 anaplastic astrocytoma [AA]), PXA (n = 7), anaplastic ganglioglioma (AG, n = 3), JPA (n = 2), and unknown (n = 1). In patients with mg (n = 11), best response included PR (n = 1; AA), SD (n = 5), PD (n = 3), and unknown (n = 2). Two patients with mg had durable SD lasting 12.9 months (GBM) and 14.9 months (AA). In patients with PXA (n = 7), best response included CR (n = 1), PR (n = 2), SD (n = 3), and PD (n = 1). Additionally, 1 patient with JPA and 1 with AG achieved a PR. The most frequent AEs included arthralgia (67%), melanocytic nevus (38%), palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia (38%), photosensitivity reaction (38%) and alopecia (33%). Conclusions: Vemurafenib demonstrated activity in patients with BRAF V600 mutant glioma. The safety profile was similar to that seen in previous melanoma studies. Survival data will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01524978.
Transcriptional enhancer factor 1 disruption by a retroviral gene trap leads to heart defects and embryonic lethality in mice. (1994)

We have used a retroviral gene trap in embryonic stem (ES) cells to derive a recessive embryonic lethal mouse strain, ROSA beta-geo5. Mutant embryos display an enlarged pericardial cavity, bradycardia, a dilated fourth ventricle in the brain, and die between embryonic days 11 and 12. Whereas heart development in the mutant embryos is extensive, the ventricular wall is abnormally thin with a reduced number of trabeculae. Cloning of the trapped gene indicates that proviral insertion creates a null mutation in the transcriptional enhancer factor 1 (TEF-1) gene. Although transcription of a number of muscle-specific genes believed to be TEF-1 targets appears normal, the defect in cardiogenesis is likely attributable to diminished transcription of one or several cardiac-specific genes.
Synthesis of MoS2 Thin Film by Chemical Vapor Deposition Method and Discharge Characteristics as a Cathode of the Lithium Secondary Battery (1992)

The discharge characteristics of MoS[sub 2] are much different from those of other layered materials. The discharge and charge characteristics strongly depend on the lithium diffusion in the van der Walls gap. In this paper in order to investigate the lithium diffusion, the cathode system was simplified by using the c-axis oriented MoS[sub 2] thin film prepared by chemical vapor deposition. The current-time transient in the course of the potentiostatic discharge was calculated assuming the finite one-dimensional diffusion of lithium. The diffusion coefficients were estimated from the comparison of the observed curve with the calculated one using the MoS[sub 2] film. In the electrode potential region from 3.6 to 1.5 vs. Li/Li[sup +] of Li[sub x]MoS[sub 2], the observed current-time curve was in good agreement with the calculated one. The diffusion coefficient was estimated to be 5.8 x 10[sup [minus]1] cm[sup 2]s[sup [minus]1]. In the potential region from 1.5 to 1.2 V vs. Li/Li[sup +], the simple diffusion model could not be applicable. The decrease in the crystallinity of Li[sub x]MoS[sub 2] occurred in this region. In the potential region from 1.2 to 0.9 V vs. Li/Li[sup +], the observed curve was in agreement with the calculated curve. From thesemore » facts, it can be seen that the structural degradation occurs during the discharge and then the structural change is terminated when the electrode potential reached to 1.2 V. The diffusion coefficient was estimated to be 5.0 x 10[sup [minus]12] cm[sup 2]s[sup [minus]1] which was larger than in the potential region from 3.6 to 1.5 V.« less
Assessing the protective efficacy of antibodies to the HIV gp41 region by active vaccination (2012)

Background The gp41 cluster I is a conserved immunodominant loop connecting the heptad repeat 1 (HR 1) and heptad repeat 2 (HR2) of the HIV-1 the envelope glycoproteins (Env). Following HIV-1 infection or vaccination with gp41-containing Env immunogens, this region elicits relatively high titers of antibodies generally considered to be non-neutralizing in nature. However, in a recent passive immunization study using a cluster 1 antibody, partial protection against SHIV SF162 P4 challenge was observed. In the present study, we sought to determine if vaccine-elicited cluster 1 antibodies might afford some protective capacity by active vaccination, presumably by binding to non-functional spikes on the virus and slowing the viral entry process in vivo.
Abstract 993: Whole exome sequencing of CTCs as a window into metastatic cancer (2014)

Abstract Comprehensive analysis of cancer genomes in clinical settings holds the promise to inform prognoses and guide the deployment of precise cancer treatments. A major barrier, however, is the inaccessibility of adequate metastatic tissue for accurate genomic analysis. The recognition that circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are present in many advanced cancer patients suggests an exciting opportunity to overcome this challenge. For instance, if CTCs could be comprehensively sequenced, it would be possible to obtain an orthogonal sample of the tumor burden_including subsets of transiting cells bound for metastatic colonization_potentially yielding new insights to complement the static sampling of resected or biopsied lesions. We report an integrated process to isolate, qualify, and sequence whole exomes of CTCs with high fidelity, using a census-based sequencing strategy. We isolated CTCs by magnetic bead purification (Illumina MagSweeper) from the blood of patients with prostate cancer, and integrated a nanowell platform to automatically image and recover candidate single CTCs. We then developed a strategy to qualify individual CTC-derived libraries for DNA sequencing after whole genome amplification, and established an analytical framework for accurate calling of mutations using census-based sequencing and MuTect. Whole exome sequencing was performed on 20 single CTCs, obtained from a patient with advanced prostate cancer. We validated our sequencing process by comparing CTC-derived mutations to mutations found in a lymph node metastasis and nine separate cores of the primary tumor. 51 of 73 CTC mutations (70%) were observed in the metastasis or the primary tumor. Moreover, we identified 9 early trunk mutations and 56 metastatic trunk mutations in the non-CTC tumor samples and found 100% and 73% of these, respectively, in CTC exomes. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of CTC sequencing and the ability to confidently call somatic mutations. CTCs may therefore represent a non-invasive window into the mutational landscape of metastatic cancer, and may have utility for genomics in clinical practice. Citation Format: Viktor A. Adalsteinsson, Jens G. Lohr, Kristian Cibulskis, Atish D. Choudhury, Mara Rosenberg, Peter Cruz-Gordillo, Joshua Francis, ChengZhong Zhang, Alexander K. Shalek, Rahul Satija, John T. Trombetta, Diana Lu, Naren Tallapragada, Narmin T. Tahirova, Sora Kim, Brendan Blumenstiel, Carrie Sougnez, Daniel Auclair, Eliezer M. Van Allen, Mari Nakabayashi, Rosina T. Lis, Gwo-Shu M. Lee, Tiantian Li, Matthew S. Chabot, Mary-Ellen Taplin, Thomas E. Clancy, Massimo Loda, Aviv Regev, Matthew Meyerson, William C. Hahn, Philip W. Kantoff, Todd R. Golub, Gad Getz, Jesse S. Boehm, J Christopher Love. Whole exome sequencing of CTCs as a window into metastatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 993. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-993
SKEME: a versatile secure key exchange mechanism for Internet (2002)

A secure and versatile key exchange protocol for key management over Internet is presented. SKEME constitutes a compact protocol that supports a variety of realistic scenarios and security models over Internet. It provides clear tradeoffs between security and performance as required by the different scenarios without incurring in unnecessary system complexity. The protocol supports key exchange based on public key, key distribution centers, or manual installation, and provides for fast and secure key refreshment. In addition, SKEME selectively provides perfect forward secrecy, allows for replaceability and negotiation of the underlying cryptographic primitives, and addresses privacy issues as anonymity and repudiatability.