gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Andrographis paniculata (Ness) induces relaxation of uterus by blocking voltage operated calcium channels and inhibits Ca+2 influx (2001)

The possible relaxation of uterine smooth muscle by Andrographis paniculata dried extract via a blockade of voltage operated calcium channels was investigated in rats. Uterine horns pretreated with oestradiol were incubated in Ca(+2) -free Jalon's solution and stimulated with KCl (20-60 mM) in order to produce depolarization of the membrane. The isometric contractile response to 1 mM or cumulative concentrations of CaCl2 were blockaded by 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/mL of A. paniculata. The maximum contractile response induced by acetylcholine was moderately antagonized by A. paniculata. The possible blockade of Ca(+2) entry by A. paniculata was evaluated with (45)Ca(+2) uptake in uterine rings incubated with free-Ca(+2)-Ringer's solution high in K+ (KCl 40 mM). The influx was completely blockaded with 0.4 mg/mL of A. paniculata. These results strongly suggest that A. paniculata blockades voltage operated calcium channels inhibiting the entry of Ca(+2) from the external medium.
A vanadium dioxide integrated hybird metamaterial with electrically driven multifunctional control (2017)

An electric current triggered multifunctional vanadium dioxide (VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) integrated photonic metamaterial is presented. In our metamaterial design, the nanoengineered topologically continuous metallic structure simultaneously supports the optical and electrical functionalities. Moreover, acting as part of the resonating structure, the VO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thin film enables the tunable nature of the device. By presenting a series of proof-of-concept studies, we demonstrate the proposed hybrid metamaterial as a new platform for multifunction electro-optic control including reflectance switching, a rewritable memory process and manageable localized camouflage. The design methodology introduced here provides a universal approach to creating self-sufficient and highly versatile nanophotonic systems.
The Very Large Collection and Web Tracks (Preprint version) (2004)

Together, the TREC Very Large Collection (VLC) Track and its successor the Web Track have run for seven years, after an initial VLC pre-track. During that time five new test collections have been created, five different types of retrieval task have been studied, a large number of important issues have been addressed, and new methods have been tried, not only for retrieval, but also for test collection
Performance Analysis of Vehicle Platooning Using a Cellular Network (2017)

This paper investigates the performance of longitudinal control of a platoon of vehicles using communication of messages through a cellular network. We describe a platooning algorithm that utilizes, at each following vehicle, information communicated by the preceding vehicle and the lead vehicle of the platoon. The information received from the lead vehicle includes the position, speed and acceleration of the lead vehicle, whereas the information received from the preceding vehicle includes the target acceleration the preceding vehicle is attempting to achieve. The information is transmitted in messages that are received by a cellular base station, which then retransmits the messages to the intended vehicles. We perform an analysis of communication system capacity for a highway setting with dense configurations of platoons. We show that (a) the additional latency due to transmission through the infrastructure does not impact platooning performance, and (b) LTE can even support extreme vehicle densities with no impact to platooning.
Analysis of Airfoil Trailing Edge Heat Transfer and Its Significance in Thermal-Mechanical Design and Durability (2005)

The trailing edge section of modern high-pressure turbine airfoils is an area that requires a high degree of attention from turbine performance and durability standpoints. Aerodynamic loss near the trailing edge includes expansion waves, normal shocks and wake shedding. Thermal issues associated with trailing edge are also very complex and challenging. To maintain effective cooling ensuring metal temperature below design limit is particularly difficult, as it needs to be implemented in a relatively small area of the airfoil. To date little effort has been devoted to advancing the fundamental understanding of the thermal characteristics in airfoil trailing edge regions. Described in this paper are the procedures leading to closed-form, analytical solutions for temperature profile for four most representative trailing edge configurations. The configurations studied are: (1) solid wedge shape without discharge, (2) wedge with slot discharge, (3) wedge with discrete-hole discharge, and (4) wedge with pressure-side cutback slot discharge. Comparison among these four cases is made primarily in the context of airfoil metal temperature and resulting cooling effectiveness. Further discussed in the paper are the overall and detail design parameters for preferred trailing edge cooling configurations as they affect turbine airfoil performance and durability.
Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Distribution of Anidulafungin in Rats (2008)

This study assessed the tissue distribution of anidulafungin in rats. Anidulafungin rapidly distributed into tissues, achieving peak concentrations within 30 min, and maintained levels above MICs for common pathogens over 72 h. In tissues susceptible to fungal infection (liver, lung, spleen, kidney), exposure was 9- to 12-fold higher than in plasma.
Optimal MIMO Precoding Under a Constraint on the Amplifier Power Consumption (2018)

The capacity of the MIMO channel taking into account both a limitation on total consumed power, and per-antenna radiated power constraints is considered. The total consumed power takes into account the traditionally used sum radiated power, and also the power dissipation in the amplifiers. For a fixed channel with full CSI at both the transmitter and the receiver, maximization of the mutual information is formulated as an optimization problem. Lower and upper bounds on the capacity are provided by numerical algorithms based on partitioning of the feasible region. Both bounds are shown to converge and give the exact capacity when number of regions increases. The bounds are also used to construct a monotonic optimization algorithm based on the branch-and-bound approach. An efficient suboptimal algorithm based on successive convex approximation performing close to the capacity is also presented. Numerical results show that the performance of the solution obtained from the suboptimal algorithm is close to that of the global optimal solution. Simulation results also show that in the low SNR regime, antenna selection provides performance that is close to the optimal scheme while at high SNR, uniform power allocation performs close to the optimal scheme.
Antigen-delivery through invariant chain (CD74) boosts CD8 and CD4 T cell immunity (2019)

Eradication of tumors by the immune system relies on the efficient activation of a T-cell response. For many years, the main focus of cancer immunotherapy has been on cytotoxic CD8 T-cell. However, stimulation of CD4 helper T cells is critical for the promotion and maintenance of immune memory, thus a good vaccine should evoke a two-dimensional T-cell response. The invariant chain (Ii) is required for the MHC class II heterodimer to be correctly guided through the cell, loaded with peptide, and expressed on the surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). We previously showed that by replacing the Ii CLIP peptide by an MHC-I cancer peptide, we could efficiently load MHC-I. This prompted us to test whether longer cancer peptides could be loaded on both MHC classes and whether such peptides could be accommodated in the CLIP region of Ii. We here present data showing that expanding the CLIP replacement size leads to T-cell activation. We demonstrate by using long peptides that APCs can present peptides from the same Ii molecule on both MHC-I and -II. In addition, we present evidence that antigen presentation after Ii-loading was superior to an ER-targeted minigene construct, suggesting that ER-localization was not sufficient to obtain efficient MHC-II loading. Finally, we verified that Ii-expressing dendritic cells could prime CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells from a naïve population. Taken together our study demonstrates that CLIP peptide replaced Ii constructs fulfill some of the major requirements for an efficient vector for cancer vaccination.
MP35N: A corrosion resistant, high strength alloy for orthopedic surgical impants: Bio‐assay results (1975)

A cobalt based alloy, MP35N, with excellent mechanical properties has been recently introduced as a material for surgical orthopedic implants. A study was made of local and systemic host response to this material in two different mammal species. The implantation time ranged from one to 12 months. The result of this study indicated: MP35N produces a degree of local tissue response comparable to that of 316L stainless steel. No systemic side effects were observed during the implantation times included in this study.
Novel, Subpixel Resolution Schemes for Particle Image Velocimeters (2004)

Simultaneous velocity and size measurements are of great importance for resolving the dynamics of polydispersed multiphase flows. This effort explores novel sub-resolution particle center estimation algorithms for Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) and Particle Tracking Velocimetry (DPTV). In addition these schemes provide direct measurements of the apparent particle image diameter using the same DPIV/DPTV recordings. Three novel fitting schemes were developed and compared with established methods such as center of mass, three-point Gaussian fit estimator and a least-square fit method. The new methods consist of two variations of a four point gaussian estimator and a variation of the conventional least-squares fit estimator. The new methods eliminate the bias error due to pixel discretization, thus significantly reducing the total error in the position and sizing measurement compared to the classic three point and least squares Gaussian estimators. In addition, the accuracy of the least-squares fits were essentially independent of the true particle diameter and significantly reduced the particle position error compared with current estimation schemes.
Hybrid graphene–metal nanoparticle systems: electronic properties and gas interaction (2011)

Electrical properties of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) decorated with gold and silver nanoparticles were studied. Metal nanoparticles p-dope rGO through charge transfer which causes a potential drop at the metal nanoparticle–graphene interface. Probing by reactive gases showed that the nanoparticles provide interaction sites, inducing the sensitivity to H2S and improving the sensitivity to NO2.
Reduction of fogging effect caused by scattered electrons in an electron beam system (1999)

Background exposure of a resist caused by scattered electrons (the fogging effect) degrades critical dimension accuracy when the pattern density changes over the specimen. We measured the fogging effect in an electron beam optical column. In order to reduce the fogging effect, a scattered electron absorber plate having a converging holes structure was attached to the lower surface of the objective lens. When the most severe pattern for the fogging effect was applied, we achieved the size variation caused by the fogging effect less than 8 nm. The converging holes effectively trap the scattered electrons and greatly reduce the fogging effect.
Nanoporous materials based on heteroleptic bilayers built up from bisphosphonium, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene ions (2007)

Sulfonatocalix[4]arene, 1, and bisphosphonium cation, 2, form extensive self-assembled arrays in the presence of lanthanide metal cations, building up new materials based on both types of ions. Systematic studies using the combinatorial approach reproducibly yielded three novel structures based on these ions. Complexes 3––5, were prepared by varying the ratio of the components, organic and metal ions, in addition to varying the pH and ionic strength of the solutions. The structural motifs in these complexes were found to be lanthanide specific and the complexes were obtained from a 1 : 1 ratio of the organic ions in the presence of an excess of lanthanide metal cations at near neutral pH. Two structures based on bilayers, 3 and 4, are accessible, differing in the ratio of the organic components, 1 and 2, 7 : 6 and 1 : 2, respectively. Complexes 3 and 4 have a supersized bilayer with 3 featuring a 2D channel system associated with a scaffolding role of the bisphosphonium cation. The structural motif in complex 5 is devoid of bilayer arrangements, instead taking on a compact structure.
High resolution chromosome 3p, 8p, 9q and 22q allelotyping analysis in the pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinoma (2002)

Our recent genome-wide allelotyping analysis of gallbladder carcinoma identified 3p, 8p, 9q and 22q as chromosomal regions with frequent loss of heterozygosity. The present study was undertaken to more precisely identify the presence and location of regions of frequent allele loss involving those chromosomes in gallbladder carcinoma. Microdissected tissue from 24 gallbladder carcinoma were analysed for PCR-based loss of heterozygosity using 81 microsatellite markers spanning chromosome 3p (n=26), 8p (n=14), 9q (n=29) and 22q (n=12) regions. We also studied the role of those allele losses in gallbladder carcinoma pathogenesis by examining 45 microdissected normal and dysplastic gallbladder epithelia accompanying gallbladder carcinoma, using 17 microsatellite markers. Overall frequencies of loss of heterozygosity at 3p (100%), 8p (100%), 9q (88%), and 22q (92%) sites were very high in gallbladder carcinoma, and we identified 13 distinct regions undergoing frequent loss of heterozygosity in tumours. Allele losses were frequently detected in normal and dysplastic gallbladder epithelia. There was a progressive increase of the overall loss of heterozygosity frequency with increasing severity of histopathological changes. Allele losses were not random and followed a sequence. This study refines several distinct chromosome 3p, 8p, 9q and 22q regions undergoing frequent allele loss in gallbladder carcinoma that will aid in the positional identification of tumour suppressor genes involved in gallbladder carcinoma pathogenesis.
Consideration of multi-phase criterion in the differential protection algorithm for high-impedance grounded synchronous generators (2013)

The generator differential protection is one of the most important electrical protections of synchronous generator stator windings. Its operation principle is based on the comparison of the input current and output current at each phase winding. Unwanted trip commands are usually caused by CT saturation, wrong CT selection, or the fact that they may come from different manufacturers. In generators grounded through high impedance, only phase-to-phase or three-phase faults can be detected by the differential protection. This kind of fault causes differential current to flow in, at least, two phases of the winding. Several cases of unwanted trip commands caused by the appearance of differential current in only one phase of the generator have been reported. In this paper multi-phase criterion is proposed for generator differential protection algorithm when applied to high impedance grounded generators.
System identification of bladder hydrodynamics (2002)

The bladders of six minipigs, three normal and three obstructed, were subjected to a fixed stochastic volume perturbation about a constant volume level, and evoked pressure changes were measured. The hydrodynamic stiffness transfer functions relating volume and pressure were calculated and parameterized by a second-order lumped parameter model having inertial, viscous and elastic terms. Estimates of the elastic constant (K) increased linearly with tonic level in both normal and obstructed animals. The rate of increase was substantially greater in the obstructed animals than in the normals.
Nona-copper(ii)-containing 18-tungsto-8-arsenate(iii) exhibits antitumor activity (2013)

The nona-Cu(II)-containing tungstoarsenate(III) [H4{Cu(II)9As(III)6O15(H2O)6}(α-As(III)W9O33)2](8-) (1a) has been synthesized and characterized. Polyanion 1a comprises a unique, cylindrical {Cu(II)9As(III)6O15(H2O)6}(6+) cluster, which forms a large central cavity and is capped on either end by an [α-As(III)W9O33](9-) capping group. It exhibits remarkable activity against K562 leukaemia cells, as well as induces HepG2 cell apoptosis and autophagy.
Putting Cocrystal Stoichiometry to Work: A Reactive Hydrogen-Bonded “Superassembly” Enables Nanoscale Enlargement of a Metal–Organic Rhomboid via a Solid-State Photocycloaddition (2018)

Enlargement of a self-assembled metal-organic rhomboid is achieved via the organic solid state. The solid-state synthesis of an elongated organic ligand was achieved by a template directed [2 + 2] photodimerization in a cocrystal. Initial cocrystals obtained of resorcinol template and reactant alkene afforded a 1:2 cocrystal with the alkene in a stacked yet photostable geometry. Cocrystallization performed in the presence of excess template resulted in a 3:2 cocrystal composed of novel discrete 10-component hydrogen-bonded "superassemblies" wherein the alkenes undergo a head-to-head [2 + 2] photodimerization. Isolation and reaction of elongated photoproduct with Cu(II) ions afforded a metal-organic rhomboid of nanoscale dimensions that hosts small molecules in the solid state as guests.
OPTIMIZATION PROCEDURE OF RUBBER MOUNTS FOR INTERIOR NOISE REDUCTIONS OF PASSENGER CAR (2001)

Road noise, a factor of interior noise, generated by tire-suspension-body vibration, can be reduced by stiffness changes of rubber mounts installed in the suspension attachment points. However, generally, its stiffness properties are barely changed because of difficulty of compatibleness with riding comfort. Therefore, in this study, we propose a mount stiffness optimization procedure that enable not only to reduce road noise but enhance riding comfort. For road noise reduction, it is important to grasp which component vibration on the system contributes mainly to the interior noise. So, the relationship between road noise and vibration of the suspension system is investigated by road noise contribution analysis based on the multiple inputs/single output (MISO) data analysis procedure. The inputs of the MISO system are the accelerations on various locations of the suspension system, and the output is the sound pressure at the driver's ear location. These data required for the analysis are measured by the in-operation test on an actual rough road. By this analysis, we specified the contribution ranking of various components to the interior noise, and the best location and direction to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the suspension system. Furthermore, the properties of rubber mounts which are highly sensitive to road noise and riding comfort respectively are specified by sensitivity analysis using frequency response functions. By this analytical method, it can be evaluated that the effects of the rubber mount's stiffness modification, and also can be considered the frequency dependence of its stiffness with relatively easy and accurate way. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E113232.
Short‐pulse HPM measurements using a resistive sensor (2020)

Resistive sensors for WRD250 and WRD750 double ridged waveguides are developed. Using the developed sensors, short high power microwave (HPM) pulses covering frequency ranges 2.6–7.8 and 7.5–18 GHz can be measured directly. The novelty of the proposed sensors is not only the measurement of a few ns duration HPM pulses but also the expansion of frequency bandwidth to WRD750 waveguide frequencies. The flat frequency response of the sensors is sacrificed to measure short HPM pulses, but a wide operating frequency band is still maintained. The response time of developed sensors was estimated using the time‐domain reflectometry method, and by comparing the shapes of short HPM pulses registered by the sensor and microwave probe connected to the wide bandwidth oscilloscope. The measurement results show that the sensors demonstrate quite good general characteristics with a short response time of 1.05 and 0.7 ns for WRD250 and WRD750 sensors, respectively. The times of response are promising when using these sensors for measuring short monochromatic HPM pulses, the duration of which is around 5 ns.
The Lucasfilm audio signal processor (2005)

The requirements of audio processing for motion pictures present several special problems that both make digital processing of audio very desirable and relatively difficult. The difficulties can be summarized as follows: (1) Large amounts of numerical computation are required, on the order of 2 million integer multiply-adds per second per channel of audio, for some number of channels. (2) The exact processing involved changes in real time but must not interrupt the flow of audio data. (3) Large amounts of input/output capacity is necessary, simultaneous with numerical calculation and changes to the running program, on the order of 1.6 million bits per second per channel of audio. To this end, the digital audio group at Lucasfilm is building a number of audio signal processors the architecture of which reflects the special problems of audio.
Synthesis of poly(acrylamide‐co‐divinylbenzene) microspheres by precipitation polymerization (2005)

Highly crosslinked poly(acrylamide-co-divinylbenzene) microspheres have been prepared by precipitation polymerization in the presence of an acetonitrile medium. The divinylbenzene concentration plays a pivotal role in not only the formation of individually stable microspheres but also the polymerization characteristics, including the final size, uniformity of the particle size, yield of the polymerization, and thermal properties.
The structure of a jet in cross flow at low velocity ratios (2004)

This paper examines in detail the flow structure and associated wall pressure fluctuations caused by the injection of a round, turbulent jet into a turbulent boundary layer. The velocity ratio, r, ratio of mean jet velocity to the mean cross flow, varies from 0.5 to 2.5 and the Reynolds number based on the cross flow speed and jet diameter is 1.9×104. Particle image velocimetry is used to measure the flow and flush mounted pressure sensors installed at several locations used to determine the wall pressure. The results consist of sample instantaneous flow structures, distributions of mean velocity, vorticity and turbulence intensity, as well as wall pressure spectra. The flow structure depends strongly on the velocity ratio and there are two distinctly different regions. At low velocity ratios, namely r&amp;lt;2, a semicylindrical vortical layer (“shell”) forms behind the jet, enclosing a domain with slow moving reverse flow. The vorticity in this semicylindrical shell originates from the jet shear layer. Conversely, at high velocity ratios, namely r&amp;gt;2, the near-wall flow behind the jet resembles a Karman vortex street and the wall-normal vortical structures contain cross flow boundary layer vorticity. Autospectra of the pressure signals show that the effect of the jet is mainly in the 15–100 Hz range. At r&amp;lt;2, the wall pressure fluctuation levels increase with r. At r&amp;gt;2, the wall pressure levels reach a plateau demonstrating the diminishing effect of the jet on the near-wall flow. Consistent with the flow structure, the highest wall pressure fluctuations occur off the jet centerline for r&amp;lt;2 and along the jet centerline for r&amp;gt;2. Also, the advection speed of near-wall vortical structures increase with r at r&amp;lt;2, while at r&amp;gt;2 it is a constant.