gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 4252: Accurate site prediction of gastrointestinal cancer by novel methylated DNA markers: Discovery & validation (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Methylated DNA markers can discriminate upper from lower GI neoplasms (Gastroenterology 2013;144(5):S84). It is unknown if organ-specific molecular prediction of GI tumor site can be achieved. Experimental design: An unbiased search for neoplasm markers at each major GI organ site was conducted by reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. Top marker candidates were then blindly validated by methylation specific PCR on independent tissue DNA samples from normal mucosa [17 esophagus (E), 13 stomach (S), 33 pancreas (P), 35 bile duct/liver (BD), 21 colorectal (CR)] and neoplasia [42 E, 43 S, 36 P, 48 BD, 97 CR]. Recursive partitioning (rPart) trees modeled all stepwise combinations of single markers to classify controls vs neoplasms and then neoplasms by site (CR, gastroesophageal or pancreaticobiliary). A 2nd model was designed from tissue data for blinded clinical piloting on 42 independent plasma DNA samples (14 normal and 28 cancers (14 P, 14 CR). Results: From the top 100 markers, 95 were validated and used for rPart modeling. A 3- marker panel (chr12.133484978-5047, BMP3, chr11.123301058-255) was selected for the universal detection of GI neoplasms, as it classified neoplasms and control tissues with 95% accuracy. Two markers (chr7.25896389-501, QKI) then assigned lower vs upper GI neoplasms with 94% accuracy. Finally, 3 markers (PDGFD, ELOVL2, PCBP3) called pancreaticobiliary vs gastroesophageal neoplasms with 94% accuracy. All 8 markers applied in a single model (Table) accurately predicted control vs tumor by site [88% (p &amp;lt;0.0001)]. In plasma, a 2-marker panel (BMP3, QKI) was 78% accurate in assigning patients to cancer or control groups (p&amp;lt;0.0009) and 83% accurate in assigning cancer origin to CR or P sites (p&amp;lt;0.0001). Predicted by ModelTissue SourceControlsColorectal neoplasiaPancreatico-biliary cancerGastro-esophageal neoplasiaControls1169102Colorectal neoplasia18617Pancreatico-biliary cancer10654Gastro-esophageal neoplasia12872 Conclusion: Panels of methylated DNA markers were identified for both universal detection of GI neoplasia and accurate prediction of tumor site. Pilot testing of these markers in plasma supports potential clinical feasibility. Citation Format: John B. Kisiel, William R. Taylor, Tracy C. Yab, Hassan M. Ghoz, Patrick H. Foote, Mary E. Devens, Douglas W. Mahoney, Thomas C. Smyrk, Lisa A. Boardman, Gloria M. Petersen, Navtej S. Buttar, Lewis R. Roberts, Graham P. Lidgard, David A. Ahlquist. Accurate site prediction of gastrointestinal cancer by novel methylated DNA markers: Discovery &amp; validation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4252. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4252
High-speed photorefractive joint transform correlator using optimized nonlinear filters (1998)

A high-speed optical photorefractive correlator using a ferroelectric spatial light modulator and a new type of binary filters optimized for the crystal nonlinearity will be presented in terms of characteristics and performances.
Electron and hole tunneling in a moderate density quantum dot ensemble with shallow confinement potentials (1998)

Data are presented on InAlGaAs quantum dot ensembles that possess different degrees of lateral tunnel coupling for electrons and holes. Atomic force microscope images show that even for moderate densities (∼4.8×1010 cm−2), but with shallow potentials, many dots of an ensemble can be in such close proximity that tunneling is expected for both electrons and holes. On average, however, holes remain confined while electrons freely tunnel. Even with electron tunneling, single dot emission is observed for small area light emitting diodes.
Diagnosis and Remediation of Single-Tum Short Circuit in a Multiphase FSCW PM Machine Based on T-type Equivalent Circuit (2018)

Single-turn short circuit (STSC) refers to the most severe turn fault condition in which the number of shorted turns is only one. Since winding inductance is proportional to the square of number of turns, STSC suffers from significantly large circulating current inside the faulted turn. The objective of this paper is to provide practical approaches that enable fault detection and postfault operation. A pervious developed T-type equivalent circuit laid a solid foundation for the proposed methods. High-frequency injection as well as signal processing method are carried out for reliable online fault diagnosis, while postfault operation is based on shorting the remaining turns as well as instantaneous power balance theory. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Tuning the Biodegradability of Silicon Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery (2013)

Porous silicon nanoparticles (PSiNPs) are attractive carriers for in vivo drug delivery, the biodegradation property of PSiNPs provides a pathway for their safe clearance from the body. Particles sizes of 80 - 120 nm are of particular interest because these nanoparticles can take advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect to deliver drug preferentially to tumors with leaky vasculature, yet large enough to avoid renal clearance. However, the biodegradability rate of such particles is often too fast, which limits the in vivo delivery efficiency. In this work, we study the effect of both thermal oxidation and silica coating on the stability of PSiNPs in phosphate buffered saline solution (a close mimic of a basic biological fluid). Using thermal oxidation, the half-life of PSiNPs can be varied from 10 minutes up to 3 hours. Using silica coating, the half-life can be extended further to 8 hours.
Effects of placental growth factor deficiency on behavior, neuroanatomy, and cerebrovasculature of mice (2018)

Preeclampsia, a hypertensive syndrome occurring in 3-5% of human pregnancies, has lifelong health consequences for fetuses. Cognitive ability throughout life is altered, and adult stroke risk is increased. One potential etiological factor for altered brain development is low concentrations of proangiogenic placental growth factor (PGF). Impaired PGF production may promote an antiangiogenic fetal environment during neural and cerebrovascular development. We previously reported delayed vascularization of the hindbrain, altered retinal vascular organization, and less connectivity in the circle of Willis in Pgf<sup>-/-</sup> mice. We hypothesized Pgf<sup>-/-</sup> mice would have impaired cognition and altered brain neuroanatomy in addition to compromised cerebrovasculature. Cognitive behavior was assessed in adult Pgf<sup>-/-</sup> and Pgf<sup>+/+</sup> mice by four paradigms followed by postmortem high-resolution MRI of neuroanatomy. X-ray microcomputed tomography imaging investigated the three-dimensional cerebrovascular geometry in another cohort. Pgf<sup>-/-</sup> mice exhibited poorer spatial memory, less depressive-like behavior, and superior recognition of novel objects. Significantly smaller volumes of 10 structures were detected in the Pgf<sup>-/-</sup> compared with Pgf<sup>+/+</sup> brain. Pgf<sup>-/-</sup> brain had more total blood vessel segments in the small-diameter range. Lack of PGF altered cognitive functions, brain neuroanatomy, and cerebrovasculature in mice. Pgf<sup>-/-</sup> mice may be a preclinical model for the offspring effects of low-PGF preeclampsia gestation.
Improved laser damage threshold for chalcogenide glasses through surface microstructuring (2011)

We demonstrate improved laser damage threshold of chalcogenide glasses with microstructured surfaces as compared to chalcogenide glasses provided with traditional antireflection coatings. The surface microstructuring is used to reduce Fresnel losses over large bandwidths in As<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub> glasses and fibers. The treated surfaces show almost a factor of two of improvement in the laser damage threshold when compared with untreated surfaces.
Synthesis and antiproliferative evaluation of novel azido nucleosides and their phosphoramidate derivatives (2017)

Abstract New xylofuranosyl and glucopyranosyl nucleoside phosphoramidates were synthesized as potential mimetics of nucleoside 5′-monophosphates. Their access involved N -glycosylation of uracil and 2-acetamido-6-chloropurine with 5′/6′-azido-1,2-di- O -acetyl glycosyl donors and subsequent Staudinger-phosphite reaction of the resulting azido nucleosides. The coupling of the purine derivative with the pyranosyl donor furnished N 9 - and N 7 -linked nucleosides in 1:1 ratio, whereas with the furanosyl donor, the N 9 -nucleoside was the major regioisomer formed. When using uracil, only 5′/6′-azido N 1 -linked nucleosides were obtained. The purine 5′/6′-azido nucleosides were converted into corresponding phosphoramidates in good yields. The antiproliferative effects of the nucleoside phosphoramidates and those of the azido counterparts on cancer cells were evaluated. While the nucleoside phosphoramidates did not show significant activities, the purine 5′/6′-azido nucleosides displayed potent effects against K562, MCF-7 and BT474 cell lines. The 5′-azidofuranosyl N 9 and N 7 -linked purine nucleosides exhibited highest activity towards the chronic myeloid leukemia cell line (K562) with GI 50 values of 13.6 and 9.7 μM, respectively. Among pyranosyl nucleosides, the N 7 -linked nucleoside was the most active compound with efficacy towards all cell lines assayed and a highest effect on K562 cells (GI 50 =6.8 μM). Cell cycle analysis of K562 and MCF-7 cells showed that the most active compounds cause G2/M arrest.
Carbon Nanotubes and Related Nanomaterials: Critical Advances and Challenges for Synthesis toward Mainstream Commercial Applications (2018)

Advances in the synthesis and scalable manufacturing of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) remain critical to realizing many important commercial applications. Here we review recent breakthroughs in the synthesis of SWCNTs and highlight key ongoing research areas and challenges. A few key applications that capitalize on the properties of SWCNTs are also reviewed with respect to the recent synthesis breakthroughs and ways in which synthesis science can enable advances in these applications. While the primary focus of this review is on the science framework of SWCNT growth, we draw connections to mechanisms underlying the synthesis of other 1D and 2D materials such as boron nitride nanotubes and graphene.
Studies on the role of cephalic-vagal stimulation in the acid secretory response to eating in normal human subjects. (1977)

These experiments were performed to determine the importance of cephalic-vagal stimulation in the acid secretory response to eating in normal human subjects. Cephalic stimulation was induced by a modified sham feeding (MSF) technique, during which subjects chewed and expectorated appetizing food. The response to MSF was compared with that to gastric distention with 600 ml NaCl, glucose, or food. In addition, we measured the extent to which cephalic stimulation augments acid secretion that has been stimulated simultaneously by these other mechanisms. Our conclusions are as follows: (a) cephalic stimulation accounts for approximately one-third of the acid secreted when all mechanisms act simultaneously (food-distention plus MSF); (b) within the limits imposed by the maximal secretory capacity, the response to MSF is approximately the same, regardless of whether acid secretion is otherwise unstimulated or is stimulated simultaneously by gastric distention with NaCl, glucose, or food; and (c) gastric distention prolongs the response to cephalic stimulation.
Dapagliflozin for heart failure according to body mass index: the DELIVER trial (2022)

Obesity is common in patients with HFpEF and is associated with higher rates of heart failure hospitalization and worse health status. Treatment with dapagliflozin improves cardiovascular outcomes across the spectrum of BMI, leads to greater symptom improvement in patients with obesity, compared with those without, and has the additional benefit of causing modest weight loss.
Automated, Quality Assured and High Volume Oriented Production of Fiber Metal Laminates (FML) for the Next Generation of Passenger Aircraft Fuselage Shells (2019)

Abstract The use of fiber-metal laminates (FML) allows for substantial advantages over a fuselage skin made of monolithic aluminum materials. Glass fiber prepreg reinforced aluminium is characterized by high damage tolerance capabilities, supporting the structural strength capability in case of any kind of damage. For this reason, FML, and GLARE in particular, have been identified as superior materials for aerospace applications. More than 400m 2 FML is applied on each A380, as skin panels and as D-noses for both, vertical and horizontal stabilizer. FML possess the potential to become the baseline material for next-generation single-aisle aircrafts [1, 2, 6]. The development of a new production chain that will allow automated fuselage production for future short-haul aircrafts is the focus of the studies that make up the joint project AUTOGLARE. As part of the fifth call-up for the German Aeronautical Research Programme (LuFo), the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is working with its project partners Airbus Operations, Premium Aerotech (PAG) and the Fraunhofer Gesellschaft (FhG). The development of a production chain for stiffened fuselage panels made of Fiber metal Laminates should support a production rate of 60 aircraft per month [3]. This study contains the research work of the DLR and FhG regarding the automated and quality assured process for chain stiffened FML fuselages. In addition to a detailed explanation of the systems that were set up, this paper covers the planned tests, the completed demonstration models and the findings derived from them.
Femtosecond 3-mJ 5-kHz cw-pumped Ho:YAG CPA (2012)

We demonstrate the first femtosecond Tm-fiber-pumped Ho:YAG room-temperature CPA system delivering scalable multi-mJ multi-kHz pulses with a bandwidth exceeding 12 nm and the average power of 15 W. The output is partially recompressed to 530 fs FWHM.
The Interaction of the Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) Ion with Poly(p-styrenesulfonate) (1982)

Abstract The interactions of tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II)([Ru(bpy)3]2+) with some polyanions have been studied by means of cation-exchange resins and the luminescence of [Ru(bpy)3]2+. In an aqueous solution of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in the presence of sodium poly(p-styrenesulfonate)(PSS), the adsorbability of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ on the cation-exchange resins is strongly suppressed by the binding of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ to the polyanion. The relative luminescence intensity of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ in an aqueous solution is enhanced by the addition of PSS. With the addition of sodium chloride to an [Ru(bpy)3]2+/PSS solution, the interaction is impeded by the shielding of the electrostatic potential in the polymer domains by the counter ions. A cooperative interaction between PSS and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ is postulated with a view to accounting for the results. A chemical application of the interaction is demonstrated.
A Convenient Metal-Free Reagent for the Generation and Capture of Trifluoromethanethiol (2013)

O-Octadecyl-S-trifluorothiolcarbonate is a cheap and storable crystalline source of trifluoromethanethiol that can be prepared in two steps on a multigram scale from trifluoroacetic anhydride and sodium O-octadecyl-dithiocarbonate (xanthate). It reacts directly with gramines or with α-bromoketones and -esters in the presence of KF and pyrrolidine to give the corresponding trifluoromethyl sulfides in generally high yield.
Dual-energy three-compartment breast imaging for compositional biomarkers to improve detection of malignant lesions (2021)

Clinically, 3CB may potentially provide increased accuracy in predicting malignancy and a feasible avenue to explore compositional breast imaging biomarkers.
Al-2.55 Focused Ion Beam (Fib) (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Linear Additive Markov Processes (2017)

We introduce LAMP: the Linear Additive Markov Process. Transitions in LAMP may be influenced by states visited in the distant history of the process, but unlike higher-order Markov processes, LAMP retains an efficient parametrization. LAMP also allows the specific dependence on history to be learned efficiently from data. We characterize some theoretical properties of LAMP, including its steady-state and mixing time. We then give an algorithm based on alternating minimization to learn LAMP models from data. Finally, we perform a series of real-world experiments to show that LAMP is more powerful than first-order Markov processes, and even holds its own against deep sequential models (LSTMs) with a negligible increase in parameter complexity.
Are honors received during surgery clerkships useful in the selection of incoming orthopaedic residents? (2009)

The purpose of this study was to review institutional statistics provided in dean's letters and determine the percentage of honors awarded by institution and clerkship specialty.Institutional and clerkship aggregate data were compiled from a review of dean's letters from 80 United States medical schools. The percentage of honors awarded during 3rd year clerkships during 2005 were collected for analysis. Across clerkship specialties, there were no statistically significant differences between the mean percentage of honors given by the medical schools examined with Internal Medicine (27.6%) the low and Psychiatry (33.5%) the high. However, inter-institutional variability observed within each clerkship was high, with surgery clerkship percentage of honors ranging from 2% to 75% of the students. This suggests some schools may be more lenient and other more stringent in awarding honors to their students. This inter-institutional variability makes it difficult to compare honors received by students from different medical schools and weakens the receipt of honors as a primary tool for evaluating potential incoming residents.
A phenomenological model for selective growth of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes based on catalyst deactivation (2015)

A method for the selective semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) growth over a continuous range from 67% to 98%, within the diameter range of 0.8-1.2 nm, by the use of a "catalyst conditioning process" prior to growth is reported. Continuous control revealed an inverse relationship between the selectivity and the yield as evidenced by a 1000-times difference in yield between the highest selectivity and non-selectivity. Further, these results show that the selectivity is highly sensitive to the presence of a precise concentration of oxidative and reductive gases (i.e. water and hydrogen), and the highest selectivity occurred along the border between the conditions suitable for high yield and no-growth. Through these results, a phenomenological model has been constructed to explain the inverse relationship between yield and selectivity based on catalyst deactivation. We believe our model to be general, as the fundamental mechanisms limiting selective semiconducting SWCNT growth are common to the previous reports of limited yield.
Using Distributed Source Coding to Secure Fingerprint Biometrics (2007)

We describe a method to encode fingerprint biometrics securely for use, e.g., in encryption or access control. The system is secure because the stored data does not suffice to recreate the original fingerprint biometric. Therefore, a breach in database security does not lead to the loss of biometric data. At the same time the stored data suffices to validate a probe fingerprint. Our approach is based on the use of distributed source coding techniques implemented with graph-based codes. We present a statistical model of the relationship between the enrollment biometric and the (noisy) biometric measurement taking during authentication. We describe how to validate or reject a candidate biometric probe given the probe and the stored encoded data. We report the effectiveness of our method as tested on a database consisting of 579 data sets, each containing roughly 15 measurements of a single finger. We thereby demonstrate a working secure biometric system for fingerprints.
Enhancement of Slow Light Coupling in Photonic Crystal Waveguides Using Topology Optimization (2006)

The topology optimization method has been used to improve the coupling into the slow light wavelength regime in planar photonic crystal waveguides. The coupling efficiency has been enhanced by more than 5dB.
Meningitis in children in Fiji: etiology, epidemiology, and neurological sequelae (2012)

Objectives: To describe the etiology, epidemiology, neurological sequelae, and quality of life of children aged 1 month to less than 5 years admitted with meningitis to the Colonial War Memorial Hospital (CWMH), Suva, Fiji. Methods: Over a 3-year period, all eligible children with suspected meningitis admitted to CWMH had blood drawn for culture. Of these children, those for whom is was possible were tested for a four-fold rise in antibody titers to Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken for bacteriological culture and antigen testing. CSF was also tested by PCR for Streptococcus species, Neisseria meningitidis, Hib, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and enterovirus. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped using multiplex-PCR reverse-line blot hybridization. Following discharge, cases underwent a neurological assessment, audiometry, and quality of life assessment (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) tool). Results: There were 70 meningitis cases. Meningitis was more common in indigenous Fijian than Indo-Fijian children. Enterovirus was the most common etiological agent and appeared to be outbreakassociated. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common bacterial cause of meningitis with an annual incidence of 9.9 per 100 000 under 5 years old (95% confidence interval 4.9-17.7) and a case fatality rate of 36%. With the exception of deafness, neurological sequelae were more frequent in cases of bacterial meningitis than in viral meningitis (18.5% vs. 0%, p = 0.04). Quality of life at follow-up was significantly lower in patients with bacterial meningitis than in those with viral meningitis (p = 0.003) or meningitis of unknown etiology (p = 0.004). Conclusions: During the study period an outbreak of enterovirus occurred making it the most common etiological agent identified. However in the absence of this outbreak, S. pneumoniae was the most common cause of childhood meningitis in Fiji. Bacterial meningitis is associated with serious sequelae and a reduced quality of life.
Studies on synthetic deconvolution of complex fields with digital holographic microscopy (2010)

Keywords: [MVD] Reference EPFL-CONF-148410 Record created on 2010-04-20, modified on 2017-05-10