gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerogel thin film synthesis by a supercritical fluid-assisted sol–gel route in a single processing unit (2003)

Our low-T, supercritical fluid-assisted, sol–gel deposition method allows “one-pot” (single reactor vessel) processing; a metal alkoxide precursor is dissolved in a supercritical solvent, sol–gel hydrolysis and polymerisation reactions proceed on a wet substrate yielding a gel film deposit, which is then dried under supercritical conditions.
Molting in Salmonella Enteritidis-Challenged Laying Hens Fed Alfalfa Crumbles. IV. Immune and Stress Protein Response (2007)

Immunological responses of molting hens either infected or not infected with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis were compared in 2 trials with Single Comb White Leghorn hens >50 wk old. The hens were placed into 6 treatment groups with 12 hens per group: nonmolted Salmonella Enteritidis positive (FF+), non-molted Salmonella Enteritidis negative (FF-), feed withdrawal Salmonella Enteritidis positive (FW+), FW Salmonella Enteritidis negative (FW-), alfalfa Salmonella Enteritidis positive (ALC+), and ALC Salmonella Enteritidis negative (ALC-). Each hen in the Salmonella Enteritidis-positive groups was challenged on d 4 of the study with 1 mL of 10(6)-cfu Salmonella Enteritidis, and diets were administered for 12 d. Blood samples were collected on d 2, 5, 9, and 12, and blood smears were enumerated for heterophil to lymphocyte (H:L) ratios. Serum samples were also analyzed for alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein (AGP) levels and antibody level. On d 12, hens were euthanized and bile samples from the gall bladder and sections of the ileum and the ceca were collected, and an ELISA was used to determine the intestinal, serum, and bile antibody responses. The FW+ hens produced more (P <or= 0.05) cecal IgA than hens in all the other treatments except the FW-hens in trial 2. Bile IgA production in all Salmonella Enteritidis-positive groups was higher (P <or= 0.05) than in the Salmonella Enteritidis-negative groups, with the exception of the ALC- hens. In trial 1 on d 5, FW+ hens produced less (P <or= 0.05) serum IgG than ALC-, FF-, and FW- hens but not FF+ and ALC+ hens, whereas in trial 2, only FW- hens had lower IgG levels than FW+ hens. On d 9, FW groups exhibited increases in the H:L ratios, but on d 12, these declined to levels more similar to the other treatments. The FW hen groups yielded generally higher AGP levels compared with the other treatments on d 9 and 12 in both trials. The ALC molt diets appeared to reduce stress and inflammation, based on the H:L ratios and AGP levels in the serum, when compared with FW-molted hens.
Interlayer excitons in MoSe2/2D perovskite hybrid heterostructures – the interplay between charge and energy transfer (2022)

van der Waals crystals have opened a new and exciting chapter in heterostructure research, removing the lattice matching constraint characteristics of epitaxial semiconductors. They provide unprecedented flexibility for heterostructure design. Combining two-dimensional (2D) perovskites with other 2D materials, in particular transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), has recently emerged as an intriguing way to design hybrid opto-electronic devices. However, the excitation transfer mechanism between the layers (charge or energy transfer) remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigate PEA<sub>2</sub>PbI<sub>4</sub>/MoSe<sub>2</sub> and (BA)<sub>2</sub>PbI<sub>4</sub>/MoSe<sub>2</sub> heterostructures by combining optical spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. We show that band alignment facilitates charge transfer. Namely, holes are transferred from TMDs to 2D perovskites, while the electron transfer is blocked, resulting in the formation of interlayer excitons. Moreover, we show that the energy transfer mechanism can be turned on by an appropriate alignment of the excitonic states, providing a rule of thumb for the deterministic control of the excitation transfer mechanism in TMD/2D-perovskite heterostructures.
Space-Time Memory: A Parallel Programming Abstraction for Dynamic Vision Applications (2002)

Commercial MIMD computers promise cost-effective parallel processing for computer vision applications, but programming them is time-consuming and obtaining good performance is often difficult. We describe a class of vision applications which are well-suited to multi-threaded implementation on MIMD computers, using the example of a Smart Kiosk. We present a novel parallel programming abstraction called Space-Time Memory (STM) which is designed to support the dynamic data and control flow requirements of multithreaded computer vision applications. The STM model provides high-level primitives for memory management and synchronization which simplify software development on MIMD computers. We demonstrate significant speed-ups for two vision applications, color-based tracking and image-based rendering, using an implementation of the STM on a four processor AlphaServer 4100. These experimental results confirm the potential of the STM to provide convenient access to parallel computing resources. Rehg, Joerg, Kontothanassis, Nikhil, and Kang are with the Cambridge Research Laboratory. Email: frehg,cfj,kthanasi,nikhil,kangg@crl.dec.com Address for Ramachandran: College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta GA 30332, USA. Email: rama@cc.gatech.edu Address for Halstead: Curl Corporation, 4 Cambridge Center, 7th floor, Cambridge MA 02142, USA. Email: rhh@curl.com The work described in this report took place at the Cambridge Research Laboratory. c Digital Equipment Corporation, 1997 This work may not be copied or reproduced in whole or in part for any commercial purpose. Permission to copy in whole or in part without payment of fee is granted for nonprofit educational and research purposes provided that all such whole or partial copies include the following: a notice that such copying is by permission of the Cambridge Research Laboratory of Digital Equipment Corporation in Cambridge, Massachusetts; an acknowledgment of the authors and individual contributors to the work; and all applicable portions of the copyright notice. Copying, reproducing, or republishing for any other purpose shall require a license with payment of fee to the Cambridge Research Laboratory. All rights reserved. CRL Technical reports are available on the CRL’s web page at http://www.crl.research.digital.com. Digital Equipment Corporation Cambridge Research Laboratory One Kendall Square, Building 700 Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 USA
Analytical scaling relations to evaluate leakage and intrusion in intermittent water supply systems (2018)

Intermittent water supplies (IWS) deliver piped water to one billion people; this water is often microbially contaminated. Contaminants that accumulate while IWS are depressurized are flushed into customers' homes when these systems become pressurized. In addition, during the steady-state phase of IWS, contaminants from higher-pressure sources (e.g., sewers) may continue to intrude where pipe pressure is low. To guide the operation and improvement of IWS, this paper proposes an analytic model relating supply pressure, supply duration, leakage, and the volume of intruded, potentially-contaminated, fluids present during flushing and steady-state. The proposed model suggests that increasing the supply duration may improve water quality during the flushing phase, but decrease the subsequent steady-state water quality. As such, regulators and academics should take more care in reporting if water quality samples are taken during flushing or steady-state operational conditions. Pipe leakage increases with increased supply pressure and/or duration. We propose using an equivalent orifice area (EOA) to quantify pipe quality. This provides a more stable metric for regulators and utilities tracking pipe repairs. Finally, we show that the volume of intruded fluid decreases in proportion to reductions in EOA. The proposed relationships are applied to self-reported performance indicators for IWS serving 108 million people described in the IBNET database and in the Benchmarking and Data Book of Water Utilities in India. This application shows that current high-pressure, continuous water supply targets will require extensive EOA reductions. For example, in order to achieve national targets, utilities in India will need to reduce their EOA by a median of at least 90%.
Calcite frequency splitter for dense WDM transmitter (1996)

An optical frequency splitter employing calcite crystals is demonstrated, to be inserted as a demultiplexer in a multimode transmitting stage for dense WDM architectures. The device operates on the optical state of polarization and is designed to separate four optical channels, /spl ap/39 GHz apart around /spl lambda/=1.5 μm. More than 28 dB of rejection between channels is achieved, while keeping overall losses level below 1 dB. Theoretical calculations and experimental results are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FRAGMENTATION OF HOMOALLYLIC EPOXY ALCOHOLS (1985)

Abstract Es werden die Abbaureaktionen der Epoxyalkohole (II), (IV) und (VI) sowie der Epoxyketone (VIII) und (X) sowohl im basischen als auch im sauren Milieu hinsichtlich der stereochemischen Erfordernisse untersucht.
Structural Effects of Gating Poly(3‐hexylthiophene) through an Ionic Liquid (2017)

Ionic liquids are increasingly employed as dielectrics to generate high charge densities and enable low‐voltage operation with organic semiconductors. However, effects on structure and morphology of the active material are not fully known, particularly for permeable semiconductors such as conjugated polymers, in which ions from the ionic liquid can enter and electrochemically dope the semicrystalline film. To understand when ions enter, where they go, and how they affect the film, thin films of the archetypal semiconducting polymer, poly(3‐hexylthiophene), are electrochemically doped with 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, the archetypal ionic liquid. High‐resolution, ex situ X‐ray diffraction measurements and complete pole figures reveal changes with applied voltage, cycling, and frequency in lattice spacing, crystallite orientation, and crystallinity in the bulk and at the buried interface. Dopant ions penetrate the film and enter the crystallites at sufficiently high voltages and low frequencies. Upon infiltrating crystallites, ions permanently expand lamellar stacking and contract pi‐stacking. Cycling amplifies these effects, but higher frequencies mitigate the expansion of bulk crystallites as ions are hindered from entering crystallites. This mechanistic understanding of the structural effects of ion penetration will help develop models of the frequency and voltage impedance response of electrochemically doped conjugated polymers and advance electronic applications.
Error-Free Transmission of DPSK at 5 Gb/s Using a Silicon Microring Modulator (2011)

We demonstrate the first error-free transmission of DPSK using a microring modulator, with a power penalty of 1.1 dB in comparison to a commercial LiNbO3 phase modulator. Additionally, long-haul transmission of microring-modulated DPSK is characterized.
π-Extended Perylenebisimide Near IR Dyes (2006)

Perylenebisimide dyes are widely used in applications ranging from the biomedical to the materials fields due to their high extinction coefficients and stabilities. Soluble extended penta- and hexaarylenebisimide dyes are prepared expediently through the combination of a Suzuki cross-coupling and a mild dehydrogenative cyclization.
High-Yield Grafting of Carboxylated Polymers to Wood Pulp Fibers (2021)

Abstract Poly(ethylene-alt-maleic acid), PEMAc, is a linear polymer that, along with its isomer polyacrylic acid, has the highest carboxylic acid content of any polymer. The goal of this work was to elucidate the mechanisms that control the amount of PEMAc that is permanently fixed on pulp fibers after the impregnation of dry pulp with a dilute PEMAc solution followed by drying/heating (curing). Two mechanisms by which PEMAc is fixed to cellulose fibers were discovered, chemical, and physical fixation. With room temperature drying only physical fixation is operative. Evidence supports the explanation that physical fixation is a consequence of the slow swelling and dissolution of thick dried PEMAc deposits on fiber surfaces. Chemical fixation includes grafting to cellulose plus enhanced cohesion within thick PEMAc layers, possibly due to interchain crosslinking. The pH of the PEMAc impregnation solution determines the fixation mechanism for curing temperatures above 100 o C. Physical fixation dominates when pH &gt; 8 whereas chemical fixation dominates for impregnation pH values &lt; 7, suggesting the curing reactions require partial or complete protonation of the succinic acid moieties. The yield of impregnated polymer fixed to the fibers after washing depends upon the fixation mechanism. When chemical fixation dominates, the yields for low and high molecular weight PEMAc doses less than 0.1 meq/g (6.3 kg PEMA/tonne dry pulp) were close to or equaled 100%. By contrast, when the primary mechanism is physical fixation, yields are ~50% for high molecular weight PEMAc and 0-20% for low MW PEMAc. These results show that high PEMAc fixation yields can be achieved under curing conditions that could be implemented in pulp drying machines producing dry market pulp.
Capacity Scaling Through Spatial Parallelism: From Subsea Cables to Short-reach Optical Links (2021)

Spatial parallelism is the only way to continue the exponential capacity scaling of optical networks. We discuss trade-offs and implications of spatial parallelism from ultra-long-haul subsea cables and terrestrial mesh networks to short-reach optical links.
Attenuation measurement and flaw detection in graphite epoxy composites with random phase transducers (2003)

Random phase transducers were used to measure the attenuation of graphite epoxy composites of different porosity. It is shown that the random phase transducer allows attenuation estimation from the speckle noise coming from the sample volume. This technique is compared with the spatial compounding technique. Flaw detection is also performed with random phase transducers, and it is shown that specular reflector echoes are enhanced, compared with scattering noise, with this type of transducer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bioresorbable Polymeric Scaffold in Cardiovascular Applications (2020)

Advances in material science and innovative medical technologies have allowed the development of less invasive interventional procedures for deploying implant devices, including scaffolds for cardiac tissue engineering. Biodegradable materials (e.g., resorbable polymers) are employed in devices that are only needed for a transient period. In the case of coronary stents, the device is only required for 6-8 months before positive remodelling takes place. Hence, biodegradable polymeric stents have been considered to promote this positive remodelling and eliminate the issue of permanent caging of the vessel. In tissue engineering, the role of the scaffold is to support favourable cell-scaffold interaction to stimulate formation of functional tissue. The ideal outcome is for the cells to produce their own extracellular matrix over time and eventually replace the implanted scaffold or tissue engineered construct. Synthetic biodegradable polymers are the favoured candidates as scaffolds, because their degradation rates can be manipulated over a broad time scale, and they may be functionalised easily. This review presents an overview of coronary heart disease, the limitations of current interventions and how biomaterials can be used to potentially circumvent these shortcomings in bioresorbable stents, vascular grafts and cardiac patches. The material specifications, type of polymers used, current progress and future challenges for each application will be discussed in this manuscript.
Mature osteocytes behaviour in a repletion period: the occurrence of osteoplastic activity. (1983)

The occurrence of osteoplastic activity in adult osteocytes from the femoral cortex of laying hens previously kept on a hypocalcaemic diet was studied after return of the animals to a calcium-rich alimentation. The following techniques were used: 1) tetracycline labelling of new calcifying matrix; 2) osteoid staining with alcian blue at pH 1.9 or toluidine blue at pH 3.1; 3) electron microscopic observations; 4) autoradiographic evaluation of (3H) proline uptake by osteocytes. Quantitative evaluation of (3H) proline uptake by osteocytes. Quantitative evaluation of the preparations consistently showed indication of osteoplastic activity in at least 20% of the osteocytes with relatively higher values in the metaphysis than in the diaphysis.
HACT-Net: A Hierarchical Cell-to-Tissue Graph Neural Network for\n Histopathological Image Classification (2020)

Cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response prediction are heavily\ninfluenced by the relationship between the histopathological structures and the\nfunction of the tissue. Recent approaches acknowledging the structure-function\nrelationship, have linked the structural and spatial patterns of cell\norganization in tissue via cell-graphs to tumor grades. Though cell\norganization is imperative, it is insufficient to entirely represent the\nhistopathological structure. We propose a novel hierarchical\ncell-to-tissue-graph (HACT) representation to improve the structural depiction\nof the tissue. It consists of a low-level cell-graph, capturing cell morphology\nand interactions, a high-level tissue-graph, capturing morphology and spatial\ndistribution of tissue parts, and cells-to-tissue hierarchies, encoding the\nrelative spatial distribution of the cells with respect to the tissue\ndistribution. Further, a hierarchical graph neural network (HACT-Net) is\nproposed to efficiently map the HACT representations to histopathological\nbreast cancer subtypes. We assess the methodology on a large set of annotated\ntissue regions of interest from H\\&amp;E stained breast carcinoma whole-slides.\nUpon evaluation, the proposed method outperformed recent convolutional neural\nnetwork and graph neural network approaches for breast cancer multi-class\nsubtyping. The proposed entity-based topological analysis is more inline with\nthe pathological diagnostic procedure of the tissue. It provides more command\nover the tissue modelling, therefore encourages the further inclusion of\npathological priors into task-specific tissue representation.\n
Structure‐Based Calculation of Binding Affinities of α2A‐Adrenoceptor Agonists (2007)

An atomic resolution structure of α2a-adrenoceptor was constructed and 15 known agonists were docked into the optimized model and experimental binding free energies were estimated. The figure shows the binding of the agonist clonidine (sticks) to the core binding pocket of the adrenoceptor (blue cartoon, key residues are marked with sticks). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2452/2007/z600251_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Simple Model of Right Ventricular Hypertrophy (1988)

Previous models of right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) created by pulmonary artery (PA) banding in adult large animals have been associated with an unpredictable response of the right ventricle to the band and a high mortality due to the variable degree of acute stenosis. We studied the efficacy of PA banding in young pigs to produce RVH by progressive gradual stenosis during growth. Sixteen Yorkshire pigs at 6 weeks of age had nonconstricting 5-mm wide Dacron strips placed around the PA via a left minithoracotomy. The animals were returned for study in 2-3 months. There were no deaths during the growth period. Five sham-operated pigs acted as controls. Right ventricular free wall (RVFW) to total heart weight ratio was greater in the banded group (0.38 +/- 0.05 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.01, P less than .005) as was the RVFW to left ventricular free wall (LVFW) weight (1.09 +/- 0.25 versus 0.66 +/- 0.03, P less than .005). While the LVFW to total heart weight ratio decreased (0.36 +/- 0.04 vs 0.45 +/- 0.05, P less than .005), the septal ratio did not change (0.26 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.02, NS), indicating concomitant septal hypertrophy. This technique is simple, reliable, and reproducible in creating right ventricular and septal hypertrophy in the young pig with no mortality during maturation.
Edge clustered fitting grids for φ-polynomial characterization of freeform optical surfaces (2011)

With the recent emergence of slow-servo diamond turning, optical designs with surfaces that are not intrinsically rotationally symmetric can be manufactured. In this paper, we demonstrate some important limitations to Zernike polynomial representation of optical surfaces in describing the evolving freeform surface descriptions that are effective for optical design and encountered during optical fabrication. Specifically, we show that the ray grids commonly used in sampling a freeform surface to form a database from which to perform a φ-polynomial fit is limiting the efficacy of computation. We show an edge-clustered fitting grid that effectively suppresses the edge ringing that arises as the polynomial adapts to the fully nonsymmetric features of the surface.
All-optical regeneration on a silicon chip (2007)

We demonstrate optical 2R regeneration in an integrated silicon device consisting of an 8-mm-long nanowaveguide followed by a ring-resonator bandpass filter. The regeneration process is based on nonlinear spectral broadening in the waveguide and subsequent spectral filtering through the ring resonator. We measure the nonlinear power transfer function for the device and find an operating peak power of 6 W. Measurements indicate that the output pulse width is determined only by the bandwidth of the bandpass filter. Numerical modeling of the nonlinear process including free-carrier effects shows that this device can be used for all-optical regeneration at telecommunication data rates.
The dB focus tube uses to improve the transmission loss efficacy of walls, ceilings, and pipes (2011)

Studies indicate that locating and treating even very small acoustic leakage points in wall, floor, and/or ceiling partitions will significantly improve the FSTC performance of these partitions. The dB focus tube, patented on March 22 of this year, is an inexpensive small mechanism that can easily be transported to and from job sites. It is audible even during high levels of construction activity. The resulting patented small tube can be utilized by an acoustic engineer to locate even the smallest of acoustic leakage points in a partition which, when sealed, could increase the FSTC performance of the partition by typically 10 points. Additionally, when an engineer is trying to determine the main paths of flanking, this tube proves to be an ideal mechanism for facilitating this problem solving method. An acoustic installer can use the focus tube to confirm the optimum efficacy of the acoustic treatment of PVC piping or duct work. In addition, another interesting application is using the dB focus tube to locate air leaks in window assemblies which, when sealed, improve the window performance in regards to not only the STC and air infiltration, but also its thermal capacity.
Acoustical Society of America Distinguished Service Citation (2008)

The Distinguished Service Citation is awarded to a present or former member of the Society in recognition of outstanding service to the Society.