gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Neonatal FcR-Mediated Presentation of Immune-Complexed Antigen Is Associated with Endosomal and Phagosomal pH and Antigen Stability in Macrophages and Dendritic Cells (2011)

The FcγRs found on macrophages (Ms) and dendritic cells (DCs) efficiently facilitate the presentation or cross-presentation of immune-complexed Ags to T cells. We found that the MHC class I-related neonatal FcR for IgG (FcRn) in both Ms and DCs failed to have a strong effect on the cross-presentation of immune complex (IC) OVA Ag to CD8(+) T cells. Interestingly, endosomal FcRn enhanced the presentation of the monomeric OVA-IC to CD4(+) T cells robustly, whereas FcRn in phagosomes exerted distinctive effects on Ag presentation between Ms and DCs. The presentation of phagocytosed OVA-ICs to CD4(+) T cells was considerably enhanced on wild-type versus FcRn-deficient Ms, but was not affected in FcRn-deficient DCs. This functional discrepancy was associated with the dependence of IgG-FcRn binding in an acidic pH. Following phagocytosis, the phagosomal pH dropped rapidly to <6.5 in Ms but remained in the neutral range in DCs. This disparity in pH determined the rate of degradation of phagocytosed ICs. Thus, our findings reveal that FcRn expression has a different effect on Ag processing and presentation of ICs to CD4(+) T cells in the endosomal versus phagosomal compartments of Ms versus DCs.
The China Quarterly and the History of the PRC (2006)

When I was appointed editor of the CQ in 1959, my vision was that it should focus primarily on all aspects of the People's Republic of China (PRC) and on Chinese Communist Party (CCP) history, but that there should also be occasional articles on contemporary Taiwan and the overseas Chinese. That autumn, I did a quick tour of a few American campuses to try to drum up contributors; basically I needed social scientists. But even those universities with significant China programmes were peopled mainly by historians who were not doing research on the PRC. Benjamin Schwartz at Harvard, who had already published Chinese Communism and the Rise of Mao , did write articles from time to time on the current scene; at MIT, Lucian Pye was ensuring that political scientists should incorporate East Asia into analyses of comparative politics; at Berkeley, Franz Schurmann (a Yuan historian in an earlier incarnation) was engaged in what became Ideology and Organization in Communist China , S.H. Chen was interested in contemporary mainland literature, and Choh-ming Li (like Alexander Eckstein at Michigan) was studying the economy; at Columbia, C. Martin Wilbur was working on the documents captured when the Soviet embassy in Beijing was raided in the 1920s, but Doak Barnett would not get there till the end of 1960; the only real nest of social scientists examining Chinese behaviour on a daily basis that I found on that trip was located at RAND: Allen Whiting, A.M. Halpern and Alice Langley Hsieh, all working on Chinese foreign relations. The shock of the launch of the first sputnik in 1957 had already led the US government to allocate massive funds to academia for the training of specialists on Russia and China, but the first beneficiaries of the largesse did not start coming out of the pipeline until the late 1960s. With so few potential contributors available, I stopped reviewing China books in case I offended any of them! But the scarcity of talent was also an advantage, for Western and Asian China watchers – diplomats in Beijing, journalists in Hong Kong, businessmen travelling in and out – all subscribed, making the CQ the house magazine of a growing community.
ChemInform Abstract: Short Synthesis of a New Showdomycin Analogue. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dual-polarization multi-band optical OFDM transmission and transceiver limitations for up to 500 Gb/s uncompensated long-haul links (2014)

A number of critical issues for dual-polarization single- and multi-band optical orthogonal-frequency division multiplexing (DP-SB/MB-OFDM) signals are analyzed in dispersion compensation fiber (DCF)-free long-haul links. For the first time, different DP crosstalk removal techniques are compared, the maximum transmission-reach is investigated, and the impact of subcarrier number and high-level modulation formats are explored thoroughly. It is shown, for a bit-error-rate (BER) of 10(-3), 2000 km of quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) DP-MB-OFDM transmission is feasible. At high launched optical powers (LOP), maximum-likelihood decoding can extend the LOP of 40 Gb/s QPSK DP-SB-OFDM at 2000 km by 1.5 dB compared to zero-forcing. For a 100 Gb/s DP-MB-OFDM system, a high number of subcarriers contribute to improved BER but at the cost of digital signal processing computational complexity, whilst by adapting the cyclic prefix length the BER can be improved for a low number of subcarriers. In addition, when 16-quadrature amplitude modulation (16QAM) is employed the digital-to-analogue/analogue-to-digital converter (DAC/ADC) bandwidth is relaxed with a degraded BER; while the 'circular' 8QAM is slightly superior to its 'rectangular' form. Finally, the transmission of wavelength-division multiplexing DP-MB-OFDM and single-carrier DP-QPSK is experimentally compared for up to 500 Gb/s showing great potential and similar performance at 1000 km DCF-free G.652 line.
CONTROL OF WIREWORMS IN POTATOES, 1998 (1999)

Eleven soil-applied insecticide treatments were evaluated for wireworm control at the Plateau Experiment Station, Crossville, TN. Fertilization consisted of 1000 lbs/A of 15-15-15 applied broadcast and disk incorporated on 14 May. 'Yukon Gold' potatoes were planted 12 inches apart with a 36 inch row spacing on 14 May. Plot size was a single row, 20 ft long. Treatments were replicated 4 times and assigned to plots in a RCB design separated by 5 ft alleys between blocks. Granular applications were made using a shaker jar, with the addition of 75 gm of sand for uniform distribution. Liquid sprays were applied using a 2.5 gal CO 2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 50 gpa at 40 psi. All treatments were applied on 14 May prior to planting. Recommended cultural practices for disease and weed control were implemented during the growing season. Potatoes were machine harvested on 20 Aug for yield and quality determinations. A 5 lb sample of potatoes was taken to determine wireworm damage on the tubers in the form of tunnels and holes. Wireworm damage data is presented as percent of damaged tubers by number, by weight, and total marketable yield of No. 1 or grade 'A' potatoes which had no insect damage.
Cryptosporidium meleagridis: Infectivity in Healthy Adult Volunteers (2011)

Most Cryptosporidium infections in humans are caused by C. parvum or C. hominis. However, genotyping techniques have identified infections caused by unusual Cryptosporidium species. Cryptosporidium meleagridis has been identified in ≤ 1% of persons with diarrhea, although prevalence is higher in developing nations. We examined the infectivity of C. meleagridis in healthy adults. Five volunteers were challenged with 10(5) C. meleagridis oocysts and monitored six weeks for fecal oocysts and clinical manifestations. Four volunteers had diarrhea; three had detectable fecal oocysts; and one infected volunteer remained asymptomatic. Fecal DNA from two volunteers was amplified by using a polymerase chain reaction specific for the Cryptosporidium small subunit ribosomal RNA gene. Nucleotide sequence of these amplicons was diagnostic for C. meleagridis. All infections were self-limited; oocysts were cleared within ≤ 12 days of challenge. These studies establish that healthy adults can be infected and become ill from ingestion of C. meleagridis oocysts.
Anthrax Vaccines (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Development of Cellular Vaccines Development of Acellular Vaccines Vaccine Efficacy Duration of Immunity Vaccine Safety Recombinant PA Vaccines Anthrax Vaccine Research Conclusions and Future Prospects References
A new concept for implant-borne dental rehabilitation; how to overcome the biological weak-spot of conventional dental implants? (2017)

Unlike any other historical or current dental implant protocol, our newly developed "individual patient solutions dental" follows the principle of a fully functional and rigid osteosynthesis technology and offers a quick solution for an implant-borne dental rehabilitation in difficult conditions of soft and hard tissues.
Toward 6G: From New Hardware Design to Wireless Semantic and Goal-Oriented Communication Paradigms (2021)

Several speculative visions are conjecturing on what 6G services will be able to offer at the horizon of 2030. Nevertheless, the 6G design process is at its preliminary stages. The reality today is that hardware, technologies and new materials required to effectively meet the unprecedented performance targets required for future 6G services and network operation, have not been designed, tested or even do not exist yet. Today, a solid vision on the cost-benefit trade-offs of machine learning and artificial intelligence support for 6G network and services operation optimization is missing. This includes the possible support from hardware efficiency, operation effectiveness and, the immeasurable cost due to data acquisition-transfer-processing. The contribution of this paper is three-fold. This is the first paper deriving crucial 6G key performance indicators on hardware and technology design. Second, we present a new hardware technologies design methodology conceived to enable the effective software-hardware components integration required to meet the challenging performance envisioned for future 6G networks. Third, we suggest a paradigm shift towards goal-oriented and semantic communications, in which a totally new opportunity of joint design of hardware, artificial intelligence and effective communication is offered. The proposed vision is consolidated by our recent results on hardware, technology and machine learning performance.
Structural–acoustic optimization of a pressurized, ribbed aircraft panel (2014)

A method to reduce the noise radiated by a ribbed, aircraft panel excited by turbulent boundary layer flow is presented. To compute the structural-acoustic response, a modal approach based on finite element/boundary element analysis was coupled to a turbulent boundary flow forcing function. A static pressure load was also applied to the panel to simulate cabin pressurization during flight. The radiated sound power was then minimized by optimizing the horizontal and vertical rib location and rib cross section using an evolutionary search algorithm. Nearly 10 dB of reduction was achieved by pushing the ribs to the edge of the panel, thus lowering the modal amplitudes excited by the forcing function. A static constraint was then included in the procedure using a low-frequency dynamic calculation to approximate the static response. The constraint limited the amount of reduction that was achieved by the optimizer.
AN EXPERT-FREE TECHNIQUE FOR LIVE SITE UXO TARGET CLASSIFICATION (2014)

In this paper we examine methods of automatic classification applied to Unexploded Ordnance (UXO) across data sets from a live site. All sensors used are time-domain Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) sensors. We solve for target extrinsic and intrinsic parameters using the Differential Evolution (DE) and Ortho-Normalized Volume Magnetic Source (ONVMS) algorithm. This inversion provides target locations and intrinsic time-series total ONVMS principal eigenvalues. We fit these to an empirical power decay model, the Pasion-Oldenburg model, providing dimensionality reduction for a Machine Learning (ML) approach. We group anomalies by the unsupervised Weighted-Pair Group Method with Averaging (WPGMA) algorithm. After requesting Ground Truths (GT) for the central element of each cluster, we train a supervised Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), in which each class of UXO is represented by a multivariate Gaussian probability density. We request Ground Truths in rounds until we are confident there are no remaining Targets of Interest (TOI) in our survey of the site. Our system for UXO cleanup is fully automatic and expert free, and uses a priori knowledge combined with a learned algorithm.
A DFT study of the role of water in the rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenation of acetone (2016)

The positive effect of the addition of water to acetone hydrogenation by [RhH<sub>2</sub>(PR<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>]<sup>+</sup> catalysts has been studied by DFT calculations. The studied energetic profiles reveal that the more favourable mechanistic path involves a hydride migration to the ketone followed by a reductive elimination that is assisted by two water molecules.
Intelligent M3R Radar Time Resources management: Advanced cognition, agility & autonomy capabilities (2009)

The capabilities of modern multifunction/mission Radar can be only fully realized by using new sensor control strategies and the most obvious sensor management imperative is the development of optimal realtime waveform scheduling algorithms. For this purpose, Thales is studying Intelligent Radar Time Resources management for Multi-mission extended air Defence radar used for both Air and Ballistic Missile Defence, based on innovative Active Electronically Steered Antenna technology. This paper describes the functional architecture of radar resources management used for adaptive time budget optimization and key enablers for advanced cognition, agility and autonomy capabilities. We conclude with simulation in the ASTRAD framework.
Assessing Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes in Solid Tumors: A Practical Review for Pathologists and Proposal for a Standardized Method from the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group: Part 2: TILs in Melanoma, Gastrointestinal Tract Carcinomas, Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma and Mesothelioma, Endometrial and Ovarian Carcinomas, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck, Genitourinary Carcinomas, and Primary Brain Tumors (2017)

Assessment of the immune response to tumors is growing in importance as the prognostic implications of this response are increasingly recognized, and as immunotherapies are evaluated and implemented in different tumor types. However, many different approaches can be used to assess and describe the immune response, which limits efforts at implementation as a routine clinical biomarker. In part 1 of this review, we have proposed a standardized methodology to assess tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in solid tumors, based on the International Immuno-Oncology Biomarkers Working Group guidelines for invasive breast carcinoma. In part 2 of this review, we discuss the available evidence for the prognostic and predictive value of TILs in common solid tumors, including carcinomas of the lung, gastrointestinal tract, genitourinary system, gynecologic system, and head and neck, as well as primary brain tumors, mesothelioma and melanoma. The particularities and different emphases in TIL assessment in different tumor types are discussed. The standardized methodology we propose can be adapted to different tumor types and may be used as a standard against which other approaches can be compared. Standardization of TIL assessment will help clinicians, researchers and pathologists to conclusively evaluate the utility of this simple biomarker in the current era of immunotherapy.
Factorized parallel preconditioner for the saddle point problem (2010)

Abstract The aim of this paper is to apply the factorized sparse approximate inverse (FSAI) preconditioner to the iterative solution of linear systems with indefinite symmetric matrices. Until now the FSAI technique has been applied mainly to positive definite systems and with a limited success for the indefinite case. Here, it is demonstrated that the sparsity pattern for the preconditioner can be chosen in such a way that it guarantees the existence of the factorization. The proposed scheme shows excellent parallel scalability, performance and robustness. It is applicable with short recurrence iterative methods such as MinRes and SymmLQ. The properties are demonstrated on linear systems arising from mixed finite element discretizations in linear elasticity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Anniversary Paper: History and status of CAD and quantitative image analysis: The role ofMedical Physicsand AAPM (2008)

The roles of physicists in medical imaging have expanded over the years, from the study of imaging systems (sources and detectors) and dose to the assessment of image quality and perception, the development of image processing techniques, and the development of image analysis methods to assist in detection and diagnosis. The latter is a natural extension of medical physicists' goals in developing imaging techniques to help physicians acquire diagnostic information and improve clinical decisions. Studies indicate that radiologists do not detect all abnormalities on images that are visible on retrospective review, and they do not always correctly characterize abnormalities that are found. Since the 1950s, the potential use of computers had been considered for analysis of radiographic abnormalities. In the mid-1980s, however, medical physicists and radiologists began major research efforts for computer-aided detection or computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), that is, using the computer output as an aid to radiologists-as opposed to a completely automatic computer interpretation-focusing initially on methods for the detection of lesions on chest radiographs and mammograms. Since then, extensive investigations of computerized image analysis for detection or diagnosis of abnormalities in a variety of 2D and 3D medical images have been conducted. The growth of CAD over the past 20 years has been tremendous-from the early days of time-consuming film digitization and CPU-intensive computations on a limited number of cases to its current status in which developed CAD approaches are evaluated rigorously on large clinically relevant databases. CAD research by medical physicists includes many aspects-collecting relevant normal and pathological cases; developing computer algorithms appropriate for the medical interpretation task including those for segmentation, feature extraction, and classifier design; developing methodology for assessing CAD performance; validating the algorithms using appropriate cases to measure performance and robustness; conducting observer studies with which to evaluate radiologists in the diagnostic task without and with the use of the computer aid; and ultimately assessing performance with a clinical trial. Medical physicists also have an important role in quantitative imaging, by validating the quantitative integrity of scanners and developing imaging techniques, and image analysis tools that extract quantitative data in a more accurate and automated fashion. As imaging systems become more complex and the need for better quantitative information from images grows, the future includes the combined research efforts from physicists working in CAD with those working on quantitative imaging systems to readily yield information on morphology, function, molecular structure, and more-from animal imaging research to clinical patient care. A historical review of CAD and a discussion of challenges for the future are presented here, along with the extension to quantitative image analysis.
Behavioral improvement in a primate Parkinson's model is associated with multiple homeostatic effects of human neural stem cells (2007)

Stem cells have been widely assumed to be capable of replacing lost or damaged cells in a number of diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD), in which neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) die and fail to provide the neurotransmitter, dopamine (DA), to the striatum. We report that undifferentiated human neural stem cells (hNSCs) implanted into 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-treated Parkinsonian primates survived, migrated, and had a functional impact as assessed quantitatively by behavioral improvement in this DA-deficit model, in which Parkinsonian signs directly correlate to reduced DA levels. A small number of hNSC progeny differentiated into tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and/or dopamine transporter (DAT) immunopositive cells, suggesting that the microenvironment within and around the lesioned adult host SN still permits development of a DA phenotype by responsive progenitor cells. A much larger number of hNSC-derived cells that did not express neuronal or DA markers was found arrayed along the persisting nigrostriatal path, juxtaposed with host cells. These hNSCs, which express DA-protective factors, were therefore well positioned to influence host TH+ cells and mediate other homeostatic adjustments, as reflected in a return to baseline endogenous neuronal number-to-size ratios, preservation of extant host nigrostriatal circuitry, and a normalizing effect on alpha-synuclein aggregation. We propose that multiple modes of reciprocal interaction between exogenous hNSCs and the pathological host milieu underlie the functional improvement observed in this model of PD.
Association of Vitamin D and Genetic Variation in IBD (2012)

Purpose: Both environmental and genetic factors increase susceptibility to CD. Advances in an understanding of the genes associated with CD susceptibility have emphasized the role of autophagy and Paneth cell function in CD pathogenesis but not in the development of UC. More recently an association between vitamin D (VitD) deficiency and the development of CD has been identified. Methods: We identified 377 IBD (256 CD and 106 UC) patients genotyped with the immunochip with serum VitD (25-OH vitamin D) measurements collated by chart review. Linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between VitD and genotype. Top 3 principle components in the population stratification analysis were included as covariates and permutation test was performed in the worth-noting variants to retain the type I error rate. SNPs with minor allele frequencies > 0.025 were included for analyses. Results: We report associations with a p value > 10-4. In the analyses with all the IBD patients genetic variations at RBM5 (involved in apoptotic pathways) (p=5.04E-05), MYOZ3/IRGM (calcineurin signaling/autophagy) (p=1.32E-05), LYN (regulator of adaptive/innate immune responses) (p=4.98E-05), and DLG2 (scaffolding protein) (p=7.77E-05) were observed to be associated with VitD. In total, 9 regions met our criteria for reporting in the CD analyses including MYOZ3/IRGM and LYN from the IBD analyses. In addition the CD-VitD genetic associations included: TLR4 (innate immunity) (p=1.40E-7); MAFB (macrophage development) (p=4.64E-05); PTPRC (T cell activation); and SIGLEC12 (cell adhesion) (p=6.83E-05). These were no associations of P > 1.0E-04 with VitD and UC. Conclusion: We have identified significant associations in IBD and CD between vitamin D and genetic variations in genes of potential significant relevance to IBD pathogenesis. Most notable are the associations with TLR4 (known to act with vitamin D in the development of animal models of chronic colitis) and IRGM (substantiating the potential role of vitamin D in the autophagy pathways).
Discovery of 5-Phenyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)quinazolin-4-amine as a PotentIKurInhibitor (2016)

A new series of phenylquinazoline inhibitors of Kv 1.5 is disclosed. The series was optimized for Kv 1.5 potency, selectivity versus hERG, pharmacokinetic exposure, and pharmacodynamic potency. 5-Phenyl-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2-(pyrimidin-5-yl)quinazolin-4-amine (13k) was identified as a potent and ion channel selective inhibitor with robust efficacy in the preclinical rat ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) model and the rabbit atrial effective refractory period (AERP) model.