gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Fitts Law comparison of eye tracking and manual input in the selection of visual targets (2008)

We present a Fitts' Law evaluation of a number of eye tracking and manual input devices in the selection of large visual targets. We compared performance of two eye tracking techniques, manual click and dwell time click, with that of mouse and stylus. Results show eye tracking with manual click outperformed the mouse by 16%, with dwell time click 46% faster. However, eye tracking conditions suffered a high error rate of 11.7% for manual click and 43% for dwell time click conditions. After Welford correction eye tracking still appears to outperform manual input, with IPs of 13.8 bits/s for dwell time click, and 10.9 bits/s for manual click. Eye tracking with manual click provides the best tradeoff between speed and accuracy, and was preferred by 50% of participants. Mouse and stylus had IPs of 4.7 and 4.2 respectively. However, their low error rate of 5% makes these techniques more suitable for refined target selection.
Scalable Deep Neural Networks via Low-Rank Matrix Factorization (2019)

Compressing deep neural networks (DNNs) is important for real-world applications operating on resource-constrained devices. However, it is not straightforward to change the model size (i.e., computational complexity) once training and compression are completed, calling for retraining to construct models suitable for different devices. In this paper, we propose a novel method, Decomposable-Net (the network decomposable in any size), which allows flexible changes to model size without retraining. We decompose weight matrices in the DNNs via singular value decomposition and adjust ranks according to the target model size. Unlike the existing methods, (1) we propose a learning method that explicitly minimizes losses for both of full-rank and low-rank networks, which is designed not only to maintain the performance of a full-rank network but also to improve multiple low-rank networks in a single model. (2) We also provide a mathematical analysis for the scalability of the approximation error with respect to the rank in each layer. Moreover, on the basis of the analysis, (3) we introduce a simple criterion for rank selection that effectively suppresses approximation error. In experiments on image-classification tasks on CIFAR-10/100 and ImageNet datasets, Decomposable-Net yields favorable performance in a broader range of compressed models. In particular, Decomposable-Net achieves the top-1 accuracy of $73.2\%$ with $0.27\times$MACs on the ImageNet classification task with ResNet-50, compared to low-rank tensor (Tucker) decomposition ($67.4\% / 0.30\times$) and universally slimmable networks ($70.6\% / 0.26\times$).
Resist processes for ArF excimer laser lithography. (1993)

A review of recent efforts to develop photoresist materials and processes for 193-nm (ArF excimer laser) photolithography is reported. Three categories of resist processes are discussed: (1) single-layer resists based on acrylate polymers, (2) silicon-polymer bilayer resists, and (3) surface-imaged positive-tone silylation resist processes. To date, materials have been developed for each process which exhibit resolution to better than 0.20 m with sensitivities less than 50 mJ/cm2.
Saturation of Zn2SiO4 : Mn luminescence under intense vuv excitation (1979)

Output luminescence of Zn2SiO4 : Mn phosphor saturates under intense vacuum ultraviolet radiation having a relatively high excitation duty ratio. The saturation is attributed to the depletion of activators at the ground level. This depletion originates from the long decay time constant of the phosphor. The saturation mechanism is explained analytically using a simple model, and the conditions for efficient phosphor excitation are derived.
It is difficult to eradicate Helicobacter pylori from dental plaque by triple therapy. (2002)

The high coexisting infection rate of H. pylori in both stomach and dental plaque implies that dental plaque can serve as another reservoir of H. pylori. H. pylori in dental plaque was hardly eradicated by triple therapy. Dental plaque may be a potential source for recrudescence of gastric infection after successful systemic therapy.
New CIP Sefpro Refractory Solution to Extend Soda Lime Glass Furnace Life (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Sefpro CIP Solutions Conclusions
Effect of small molecule inhibitors of JAK2 kinase on modulating signaling cascades downstream of cytokine receptors (2007)

C200 The Janus Kinases (JAKs) are a family of intracellular protein tyrosine kinases that are expressed in a wide variety of cell types including mammary gland, hematopoeitic cells, and prostate. Activation of JAK family members initiates signaling of in a number of intracellular signaling pathways important in cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. JAK activation leads to the tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of the Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (STATs) proteins. The activated STAT proteins form dimers that translocate to the nucleus, bind to DNA, and activate transcription of target genes such as, SPI2.1, PIM-1, SOCS, and others. Dysregulation of JAK2 signaling, caused by point mutation of the JH2 autoinhibitory region or formation of JAK2 fusion proteins, has been implicated in myeloproliferative disorders (MPD), leukemia, lymphoma, and various solid tumors. We have identified a series of selective JAK2 inhibitors, based on a novel pharmacophore, using our proprietary CLIMBTM drug discovery process. Through the use of CLIMBTM, the published JAK2 crystal structure was used to build several models that were then used as a substrate for in silico docking of 2.3 million virtual small molecule compounds to generate a subset of leads based on calculated binding energies. These leads were then screened using a number of in silico physicochemical and ADMET prediction algorithms to determine “druggable” leads which were most likely to be successful in a biological context. Lead JAK2 inhibitor candidates, JAK2-1, JAK2-2, and JAK2-3, exhibit low nanomolar IC50 activity against the JAK2 and JAK2 V617F mutant enzymes. Cancer cell lines expressing either the wild-type or mutant JAK2 enzyme demonstrate sensitivity to these inhibitors resulting in IC50 values in low micromolar to nanomolar range. Consistent with the inhibition of the JAK2 enzyme, activity of downstream signaling partners are severely decreased. Activity of STAT5, a downstream modulator of JAK2 signaling, was determined by probing the phosphorylation state of the STAT5 protein from treated HEL cell lysates. Western blot analysis showed an inhibition of STAT5 phosphorylation at an EC50 of
Study of tip magnetization behavior in magnetic force microscope (1991)

The behavior of the magnetic moment at the tip end of the magnetic force microscope (MFM) was investigated by using two types of tip: iron wire and iron coated. MFM images of a magnetic head obtained by these two tips show quite different features. These differences were explained by assuming that the magnetic moment of the iron wire tip is almost fixed along the tip axis, while that of the iron coated tip follows the external field. In addition, it was found that the moment of the iron coated tip can respond to an ac excited head field of up to 50 MHz.
Androgen Receptor Regulation of the Versican Gene through an Androgen Response Element in the Proximal Promoter (2007)

Versican, one of the key components of prostatic stroma, plays a central role in tumor initiation and progression. Here, we investigated promoter elements and mechanisms of androgen receptor (AR)-mediated regulation of the versican gene in prostate cancer cells. Using transient transfection assays in prostate cancer LNCaP and cervical cancer HeLa cells engineered to express the AR, we demonstrate that the synthetic androgen R1881 and dihydrotestosterone stimulate expression of a versican promoter-driven luciferase reporter vector (versican-Luc). Further, both basal and androgen-stimulated versican-Luc activities were significantly diminished in LNCaP cells, when AR gene expression was knocked down using a short hairpin RNA. Methylation-protection footprinting analysis revealed an AR-protected element between positions +75 and +102 of the proximal versican promoter, which strongly resembled a consensus steroid receptor element. Electrophoretic mobility shift and supershift assays revealed strong and specific binding of the recombinant AR DNA binding domain to oligonucleotides corresponding to this protected DNA sequence. Site-directed mutagenesis of the steroid receptor element site markedly diminished R1881-stimulated versican-Luc activity. In contrast to the response seen using LNCaP cells, R1881 did not significantly induce versican promoter activity and mRNA levels in AR-positive prostate stromal fibroblasts. Interestingly, overexpression of beta-catenin in the presence of androgen augmented versican promoter activity 10- and 30-fold and enhanced versican mRNA levels 2.8-fold in fibroblasts. In conclusion, we demonstrate that AR transactivates versican expression, which may augment tumor-stromal interactions and may contribute to prostate cancer progression.
Supplemental Figures S1-S15 from Integrated Analysis of Whole-Genome ChIP-Seq and RNA-Seq Data of Primary Head and Neck Tumor Samples Associates HPV Integration Sites with Open Chromatin Marks (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. Experimental Figure Scheme. Figure S2. ChIP-Seq quality assessment for different samples and histone marks. Figure S3. Comparable ChIP-Seq and ChIP-qRT-PCR detection of histone enrichment for different histone marks near three reference genes. Figure S4. Comparable expression of reference genes. Figure S5. H3K9ac histone mark enrichment distribution near transcription start sites. Figure S6. H3K27ac histone mark enrichment distribution near transcription start sites. Figure S7. H3K9me3 histone mark enrichment distribution near transcription start sites. Figure S8. Correlation between tissue specific H3K9ac histone peak enrichment and expression of nearby genes. Figure S9. Correlation between tissue specific H3K9me3 histone peak enrichment and expression of nearby genes. Figure S10. Correlation between tissue specific H3K4me3 histone peak enrichment and expression of nearby genes for six study samples and two PDX-parental tissues. Figure S11. Correlation between tissue specific H3K27ac histone peak enrichment and expression of nearby genes for six study samples and two PDX-parental tissues. Figure S12. Correlation between tissue specific H3K9ac histone peak enrichment and expression of nearby genes for six study samples and two PDX-parental tissues. Figure S13. Correlation between tissue specific H3K9me3 histone peak enrichment and expression of nearby genes for six study samples and two PDX-parental tissues. Figure S14. Scheme for integration of ChIP-Seq Specific Histone Peaks with Expression Variation Analysis (EVA). Figure S15. Correlation of H3K27ac-enriched with genes differentially regulated in mesenchymal and classical HPV+ HNSCC subtypes.&lt;/p&gt;
Statoil’S R&D Efforts Related To Development Of Oil And Gas Fields On The Arctic Shelf (2004)

Statoil has during the last decade carried out a specific research project aimed at&lt;br&gt;developing technologies for offshore areas with cold climate and ice. Highlights from the&lt;br&gt;project will be presented in this paper. Furthermore, there are several technologies that have&lt;br&gt;been developed within the company that are needed for efficient field developments in the&lt;br&gt;Arctic offshore. Statoil’s high focus on safety and a clean environment must also be&lt;br&gt;emphasised due to the remoteness of possible Arctic offshore developments and the Arctic’s&lt;br&gt;high vulnerability to pollution. In order to ensure high quality offshore structures in the&lt;br&gt;Arctic, we strongly support the ongoing ISO initiative to prepare an international Arctic&lt;br&gt;Offshore Structural standard.
Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Early Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption following Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia (2015)

We determined the role of endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and early BBB disruption following ischemic stroke. A cranial window was prepared over the left frontal, parietal and temporal cortex in mice. Transient focal cerebral Ischemia was induced by directly ligating the middle cerebral artery (MCA) for two hours. Regional vascular response and cerebral blood flow (CBF) during ischemia and reperfusion were measured in real time. Early BBB disruption was assessed by Evans Blue (EB) and sodium fluorescein (Na-F) extravasation at 3 hours of reperfusion. Topical treatment with DL-propargylglycine (PAG, an inhibitor for cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE)) and aspartate (ASP, inhibitor for cysteine aminotransferase/3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (CAT/3-MST)), but not O-(Carboxymethyl)hydroxylamine hemihydrochloride (CHH, an inhibitor for cystathionine β-synthase (CBS)), abolished postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and prevented EB and Na-F extravasation. CSE knockout (CSE-/-) reduced postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia but only inhibited Na-F extravasation. An upregulated CBS was found in cerebral cortex of CSE-/- mice. Topical treatment with CHH didn't further alter postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia, but prevented EB extravasation in CSE-/- mice. In addition, L-cysteine-induced hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production similarly increased in ischemic side cerebral cortex of control and CSE-/- mice. Our findings suggest that endogenous production of H2S by CSE and CAT/3-MST during reperfusion may be involved in postischemic cerebral vasodilation/hyperemia and play an important role in early BBB disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia.
Evaluation of two distinctive beta-carbolines on serotonin binding in human platelets. (1985)

6-MeOTHBC binds to both high and low affinity receptors in human platelets. The beta-carboline is less active than chlorimipramine at the low affinity site, and it is weaker than methysergide, a known 5-HT antagonist, at the high affinity site. The other beta-carboline, B-CCE, is not active at either receptor in platelets. The data supports the view that platelets could be used as a limited model for studying 5-HT-ergic neurons.
Interphase chromosomes of the Aedes aegypti mosquito are liquid crystalline and can sense mechanical cues (2023)

We use data-driven physical simulations to study the three-dimensional architecture of the Aedes aegypti genome. Hi-C maps exhibit both a broad diagonal and compartmentalization with telomeres and centromeres clustering together. Physical modeling reveals that these observations correspond to an ensemble of 3D chromosomal structures that are folded over and partially condensed. Clustering of the centromeres and telomeres near the nuclear lamina appears to be a necessary condition for the formation of the observed structures. Further analysis of the mechanical properties of the genome reveals that the chromosomes of Aedes aegypti, by virtue of their atypical structural organization, are highly sensitive to the deformation of the nuclei. This last finding provides a possible physical mechanism linking mechanical cues to gene regulation.
Scatter Analysis Of Fatigue Life And Pore Size Data Of Die-Cast Am60B Magnesium Alloy (2011)

Scatter behavior of fatigue life in die-cast AM60B alloy was investigated. For comparison, those in rolled AM60B alloy and die-cast A365-T5 aluminum alloy were also studied. Scatter behavior of pore size was also investigated to discuss dominant factors for fatigue life scatter in die-cast materials. Three-parameter Weibull function was suitable to explain the scatter behavior of both fatigue life and pore size. The scatter of fatigue life in die-cast AM60B alloy was almost comparable to that in die-cast A365-T5 alloy, while it was significantly large compared to that in the rolled AM60B alloy. Scatter behavior of pore size observed at fracture nucleation site on the fracture surface was comparable to that observed on the specimen cross-section and also to that of fatigue life. Therefore, the dominant factor for large scatter of fatigue life in die-cast alloys would be the large scatter of pore size. This speculation was confirmed by the fracture mechanics fatigue life prediction, where the pore observed at fatigue crack nucleation site was assumed as the pre-existing crack.
Graph Spectral Embedding using the Geodesic Betweeness Centrality (2022)

We introduce the Graph Sylvester Embedding (GSE), an unsupervised graph representation of local similarity, connectivity, and global structure. GSE uses the solution of the Sylvester equation to capture both network structure and neighborhood proximity in a single representation. Unlike embeddings based on the eigenvectors of the Laplacian, GSE incorporates two or more basis functions, for instance using the Laplacian and the affinity matrix. Such basis functions are constructed not from the original graph, but from one whose weights measure the centrality of an edge (the fraction of the number of shortest paths that pass through that edge) in the original graph. This allows more flexibility and control to represent complex network structure and shows significant improvements over the state of the art when used for data analysis tasks such as predicting failed edges in material science and network alignment in the human-SARS CoV-2 protein-protein interactome.
Expression of Multidrug Resistance Efflux Pump Gene norA Is Iron Responsive in Staphylococcus aureus (2012)

Staphylococcus aureus utilizes efflux transporter NorA to pump out a wide range of structurally dissimilar drugs, conferring low-level multidrug resistance. The regulation of norA expression has yet to be fully understood although past studies have revealed that this gene is under the control of the global transcriptional regulator MgrA and the two-component system ArlRS. To identify additional regulators of norA, we screened a transposon library in strain Newman expressing the transcriptional fusion norA-lacZ for altered β-galactosidase activity. We identify a transposon insertion in fhuB, a gene that encodes a ferric hydroxamate uptake system permease, and propose that the norA transcription is iron responsive. In agreement with this observation, addition of FeCl(3) repressed the induction of norA-lacZ, suggesting that bacterial iron uptake plays an important role in regulating norA transcription. In addition, a fur (ferric uptake regulator) deletion exhibited compromised norA transcription and reduced resistance to quinolone compared to the wild-type strain, indicating that fur functions as a positive regulator of norA. A putative Fur box identified in the promoter region of norA was confirmed by electrophoretic mobility shift and DNase I footprint assays. Finally, by employing a siderophore secretion assay, we reveal that NorA may contribute to the export of siderophores. Collectively, our experiments uncover some novel interactions between cellular iron level and norA regulation in S. aureus.
Concurrent Generation of Concurrent Programs for Post-Silicon Validation (2012)

The continuing trend toward increased parallelism in processor design can be seen in both the growing number of processor cores per system and in on-core hardware mechanisms that assist parallelism, such as multithreading and cache hierarchies. This complexity exacerbates the problem of ensuring the functional correctness of such hardware systems. The growing importance of post-silicon validation is leading to an emerging type of parallel application, namely, the hardware exerciser. We describe a method for exercising parallel hardware by generating pseudorandom concurrent test programs. The test generation is carried out on the tested parallel platform and thus the generator itself is also a concurrent program. We describe the challenges associated with this technology and the approach used by the Threadmill hardware exerciser, a tool developed for the post-silicon validation of the IBM POWER7 processor.
Comparison of two radioimmunoassays and a microbiologic assay for bleomycin (1978)

Recently two radioimmunoassays have been independently developed for determination of bleomycin levels. In this study these assays are compared with each other and with a standard microbiologic assay for bleomycin. Bleomycin levels were determined in serum and urine samples obtained at varying intervals following intramuscular bleomycin injection. There were systematic differences between the assays. One radioimmunoassay indicated bleomycin levels lower than the levels indicated by the microbiologic assay with serum samples. With urine samples, both radioimmunoassays indicated bleomycin levels greater than the microbiologic assay.
Fas-associated Protein with Death Domain (FADD)-independent Recruitment of c-FLIPL to Death Receptor 5 (2004)

Here we show a novel mechanism by which FLICE-like inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) regulates apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and one of its receptors, DR5. c-FLIP is a critical regulator of the TNF family of cytokine receptor signaling. c-FLIP has been postulated to prevent formation of the competent death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) in a ligand-dependent manner, through its interaction with FADD and/or caspase-8. In order to identify regulators of TRAIL function, we used the intracellular death domain (DD) of DR5 as a target to screen a phage-displayed combinatorial peptide library. The DD of DR5 selected from the library a peptide that showed sequence similarity to a stretch of amino acids in the C terminus of c-FLIP(L). The phage-displayed peptide selectively interacted with the DD of DR5 in in vitro binding assays. Similarly, full-length c-FLIP (c-FLIP(L)) and the C-terminal p12 domain of c-FLIP interacted with DR5 both in in vitro pull-down assays and in mammalian cells. This interaction was independent of TRAIL. To the contrary, TRAIL treatment released c-FLIP(L) from DR5, permitting the recruitment of FADD to the active DR5 signaling complex. By employing FADD-deficient Jurkat cells, we demonstrate that DR5 and c-FLIP(L) interact in a FADD-independent manner. Moreover, we show that a cellular membrane permeable version of the peptide corresponding to the DR5 binding domain of c-FLIP induces apoptosis in mammalian cells. Taken together, these findings indicate that c-FLIP interacts with the DD of DR5, thus preventing death (L)signaling by DR5 prior to the formation of an active DISC. Because TRAIL and DR5 are ubiquitously expressed, the interaction of c-FLIP(L) and DR5 indicates a mechanism by which tumor selective apoptosis can be achieved through protecting normal cells from undergoing death receptor-induced apoptosis.
Nylon 6–polyisobutylene sequential copolymers. II. Synthesis, characterization, and morphology of di‐, tri‐, and radial block copolymers (1982)

Abstract Nylon 6–PIB diblock, triblock, and tristar radial block copolymers have been synthesized from telechelic hydroxyl‐terminated polyisobutylene, PIB(OH) n ( n = 1,2,3), by conversion of this prepolymer with hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), N ‐chlorocarbonyl diisocyanate (NCCI), and oxalyl chloride (OxCl) and using the resulting materials as macroactivators for anionic caprolactam polymerization. Prepolymers with molecular weights from 6000 to 38,000 have been employed. Derivatization with NCCI and subsequent anionic caprolactam polymerization gave highest yields and blocking efficiencies. The block copolymers have been characterized by molecular weight and composition. In addition to the expected T g and T m characteristics of long PIB and nylon 6 segments, DSC studies showed an intermediate glass transition at ca. −20°C. Transmission electron microscopy of di‐, tri‐, and radial blocks show increasing segregation and orientation of rubbery/crystalline domains. Tensile strengths and elongations of the block copolymers range from 16.5 to 41 MPa and 15 to 30%, respectively, and stress‐strain diagrams show the effect of block architecture on these properties.