gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Uniquely Selective Inhibitor of the Mammalian Fetal Neuromuscular Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (2005)

We have purified and characterized a novel conotoxin from the venom of Conus obscurus, which has the unique property of selectively and potently inhibiting the fetal form of the mammalian neuromuscular nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (alpha1beta1gammadelta-subunits). Although this conotoxin, alphaA-conotoxin OIVB (alphaA-OIVB), is a high-affinity antagonist (IC50 of 56 nm) of the fetal muscle nAChR, it has >1800-fold lower affinity for the adult muscle nAChR (alpha1beta1epsilondelta-subunits) and virtually no inhibitory activity at a high concentration on various neuronal nAChRs (IC50 > 100 microm in all cases). The peptide (amino acid sequence, CCGVONAACPOCVCNKTCG), with three disulfide bonds, has been chemically synthesized in a biologically active form. Although the neuromuscular nAChRs are perhaps the most extensively characterized of the receptors/ion channels of the nervous system, the precise physiological roles of the fetal form of the muscle nAChR are essentially unknown.alphaA-OIVB is a potentially important tool for delineating the functional roles ofalpha1beta1gammadelta receptors in normal development, as well as in various adult tissues and in pathological states. In addition to its potential as a research tool, alphaA-OIVB may have some direct biomedical applications.
Impact of alloy composition and well width fluctuations on linewidth broadening and carrier lifetimes in semipolar InGaN quantum wells (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Band potential fluctuations in InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) induce carrier localization that affects emission linewidth and carrier recombination rate. Alloy composition and well width variations are considered as main sources of the potential fluctuations and are often treated indiscriminately. However, their impact on the emission linewidth and the carrier lifetimes may be different. Besides, the impact of the QW width fluctuations on the linewidth could possibly be reduced via optimization of growth, while random alloy composition fluctuations can hardly be avoided. In this work, we have studied these effects in green-emitting semipolar (20-21) plane InGaN/GaN single QW structures of different well widths (2, 4 and 6 nm) and in structures with different number of QWs (1, 5 and 10). Experiments have been performed by scanning near-field photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. It has been found that the well width fluctuations, compared to the InGaN alloy composition variations, play a negligible role in defining the PL linewidth. In multiple QW structures, the alloy composition fluctuations are spatially uncorrelated between the wells. Despite that the 10 QW structure exceeds the critical thickness, no PL linewidth changes related to a structural relaxation have been detected. On the other hand, the well width fluctuations have a large impact on the recombination times. In-plane electric fields, caused by the nonplanarity of QW interfaces, separate electrons and holes into different potential minima increasing the lifetimes in wide QWs.
Abstract 132: Does Migraine Surgery Affect Medication Use? (2019)

PURPOSE: Patients with migraine headaches (MH) suffer debilitating pain that often leads to the use of numerous medications. MH surgery has emerged as an effective treatment in select patients. The aim of this study was to describe preoperative and postoperative medication use among patients undergoing MH surgery. METHODS: 160 patients undergoing MH surgery between 2013 and 2018 were prospectively enrolled. Information on medication use, including type, dose, and frequency of use was collected. Follow up surveys were sent to all patients twelve months postoperatively. RESULTS: 109 patients met inclusion criteria. Preoperatively, 95% of patients described taking prescription medication for their MH pain. Type of medication varied among patients but included abortive in 46%, preventative in 54%, rescue in 62%, and antiemetic in 18%. At twelve months postoperatively, 64% of patients reported using less prescription medication. Patients reported a 67% decrease in the number of days they took medication. Twenty percent stopped medications altogether. Fifty-two percent of patients reported that their migraine medication helped them more compared to preoperatively. CONCLUSION: MH surgery has been shown to improve symptoms in up to 90% of patients. We now show that it is also associated with a significant decrease in medication use. It is important for surgeons to be aware of this data as we continue to counsel future patients.
Transcriptional Control of the Multi-Drug Transporter ABCB1 by Transcription Factor Sp3 in Different Human Tissues (2012)

The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCB1, encoded by the multidrug resistance gene MDR1, is expressed on brain microvascular endothelium and several types of epithelium, but not on endothelia outside the CNS. It is an essential component of the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study was to identify cell-specific controls on the transcription of MDR1 in human brain endothelium. Reporter assays identified a region of 500 bp around the transcription start site that was optimally active in brain endothelium. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified Sp3 and TFIID associated with this region and EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assays) confirmed that Sp3 binds preferentially to an Sp-target site (GC-box) on the MDR1 promoter in brain endothelium. This result contrasts with findings in other cell types and with the colon carcinoma line Caco-2, in which Sp1 preferentially associates with the MDR1 promoter. Differences in MDR1 transcriptional control between brain endothelium and Caco-2 could not be explained by the relative abundance of Sp1:Sp3 nor by the ratio of Sp3 variants, because activating variants of Sp3 were present in both cell types. However differential binding of other transcription factors was also detected in two additional upstream regions of the MDR1 promoter. Identification of cell-specific controls on the transcription of MDR1 indicates that it may be possible to modulate multi-drug resistance on tumours, while leaving the blood brain barrier intact.
Accessing the Optical Magnetic Near-Field through Babinet’s Principle (2014)

Engineering the optical magnetic field with optical antennas or metamaterials extends the ways to control light-matter interaction. The slot antenna, as the electromagnetic dual of the linear rod antenna, provides the simplest form of a magnetic resonator tunable through its length. Using combined far- and near-field spectroscopy and imaging, and theory, we identify magnetic dipole and higher order bright and dark magnetic resonances at mid-infrared frequencies. From resonant length scaling and spatial near-field distribution, we confirm the applicability of Babinetʼs principle over the mid-infrared spectral region. Babinet's principle thus provides access to spatial and spectral magnetic field properties, leading to the targeted design of magnetic optical antennas.
Triangular Ising antiferromagnet through a fermionic lens, part 2:\n information-theoretic aspects of zero-temperature states on cylinders (2018)

A classical lattice spin model wrapped on a cylinder is profitably viewed as\na chain of rings of spins. From that perspective, mutual information between\nring configurations plays much the same role as spin-spin correlation functions\nin simpler settings. We study zero-temperature states of triangular lattice\nIsing antiferromagnet (TIAFM) systems from this point of view using a fermionic\nrepresentation presented in a companion paper (Part 1). On infinite cylinders,\nring-to-ring mutual information falls off asymptotically at a rate which\ndecreases smoothly with cylinder circumference, but the end-to-end mutual\ninformation for finite cylinders depends strongly on the residue class modulo 3\nof the circumference as well as on whether spin periodicity or antiperiodicity\nis imposed in the circumferential direction. In some cases, the falloff is only\nas the inverse square of the cylinder length. These features, puzzling within\nthe original spin formulation, are easily understood and calculated within the\nfermionic formulation.\n
Experimentally Tractable, Pseudo-elastic Constitutive Law for Biomembranes: I. Theory (2003)

Although visco-elastic in general, the stress-strain relation of biomembranes is one-to-one or pseudo-elastic when being loaded after preconditioning. This pseudo-elastic relation is hypoelastic (i.e., it is not hyperelastic), yet much of the stress response can be characterized by a scalar function omega that represents the work done (per unit reference volume) on the specimen during loading. (Since a pseudo-strain-energy function W is optimized to fit the test data and not the work done, omega is not equal to W in general.) The remaining part tR of the stress response does no work during loading. With biaxial testing, omega can be definitively determined from data. Moreover, for tests with the stretch directions coaxial to the axes of anisotropy, tR can be accurately characterized by a scalar function omega that depends on the strain. This paper is part 1 of 2 with "I. Theory" and "II. Application."
Tuning the Electrical Properties of Si Nanowire Field‐Effect Transistors by Molecular Engineering (2009)

Exposed facets of n-type silicon nanowires (Si NWs) fabricated by a top-down approach are successfully terminated with different organic functionalities, including 1,3-dioxan-2-ethyl, butyl, allyl, and propyl-alcohol, using a two-step chlorination/alkylation method. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry establish the bonding and the coverage of these molecular layers. Field-effect transistors fabricated from these Si NWs displayed characteristics that depended critically on the type of molecular termination. Without molecules the source-drain conduction is unable to be turned off by negative gate voltages as large as -20 V. Upon adsorption of organic molecules there is an observed increase in the "on" current at large positive gate voltages and also a reduction, by several orders of magnitude, of the "off" current at large negative gate voltages. The zero-gate voltage transconductance of molecule-terminated Si NW correlates with the type of organic molecule. Adsorption of butyl and 1,3-dioxan-2-ethyl molecules improves the channel conductance over that of the original SiO(2)-Si NW, while adsorption of molecules with propyl-alcohol leads to a reduction. It is shown that a simple assumption based on the possible creation of surface states alongside the attachment of molecules may lead to a qualitative explanation of these electrical characteristics. The possibility and potential implications of modifying semiconductor devices by tuning the distribution of surface states via the functionality of attached molecules are discussed.
Evaluation of Equivalent Spring Stiffness for Use in a Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model of Large-Deflection Compliant Mechanisms (1994)

Abstract Compliant mechanisms gain some or all of their mobility from the flexibility of their members rather than from rigid-body joints only. More efficient and usable analysis and design techniques are needed before the advantages of compliant mechanisms can be fully utilized. In an earlier work, a pseudo-rigid-body model concept, corresponding to an end-loaded geometrically nonlinear, large-deflection beam, was developed to help fulfill this need. In this paper, the pseudo-rigid-body equivalent spring stiffness is investigated and new modeling equations are proposed. The result is a simplified method of modeling the force/deflection relationships of large-deflection members in compliant mechanisms. Flexible segments which maintain a constant end angle are discussed, and an example mechanism is analyzed. The resulting models are valuable in the visualization of the motion of large-deflection systems, as well as the quick and efficient evaluation and optimization of compliant mechanism designs.
Hardware design of a grappling/docking device accommodating large lateral and angular misalignments (1992)

In this hardware project, continued from last year, the students developed ideas for a new grappling and docking mechanism that would be able to accommodate a very large initial misalignment (up to one half of the spacecraft radius) and simultaneously a large angular misalignment (up to 20 degrees) between space tug and space vehicle. The students were made familiar with the project by visiting TRW, where they could study the prototype of the NASA Orbiting Maneuvering Vehicle (OMV, since canceled). The students' objective was to design a model, built in the University machine shop, that would demonstrate the potential for much larger misalignments than was possible with the OMV.
Development of alkaline fuel cells. (2013)

This project focuses on the development and demonstration of anion exchange membrane (AEM) fuel cells for portable power applications. Novel polymeric anion exchange membranes and ionomers with high chemical stabilities were prepared characterized by researchers at Sandia National Laboratories. Durable, non-precious metal catalysts were prepared by Dr. Plamen Atanassovs research group at the University of New Mexico by utilizing an aerosol-based process to prepare templated nano-structures. Dr. Andy Herrings group at the Colorado School of Mines combined all of these materials to fabricate and test membrane electrode assemblies for single cell testing in a methanol-fueled alkaline system. The highest power density achieved in this study was 54 mW/cm2 which was 90% of the project target and the highest reported power density for a direct methanol alkaline fuel cell.
Mechanistic Studies and In Vivo Efficacy of an Oxadiazole-Containing Antibiotic (2022)

Methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) infections are still difficult to treat, despite the availability of many FDA-approved antibiotics. Thus, new compound scaffolds are still needed to treat MRSA. The oxadiazole-containing compound, <b>HSGN-94</b>, has been shown to reduce lipoteichoic acid (LTA) in <i>S. aureus</i>, but the mechanism that accounts for LTA biosynthesis inhibition remains uncharacterized. Herein, we report the elucidation of the mechanism by which <b>HSGN-94</b> inhibits LTA biosynthesis via utilization of global proteomics, activity-based protein profiling, and lipid analysis via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Our data suggest that <b>HSGN-94</b> inhibits LTA biosynthesis via direct binding to PgcA and downregulation of PgsA. We further show that <b>HSGN-94</b> reduces the MRSA load in skin infection (mouse) and decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in MRSA-infected wounds. Collectively, <b>HSGN-94</b> merits further consideration as a potential drug for staphylococcal infections.
Structure-Based Identification of Potent Natural Product Chemotypes as Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Inverse Agonists (2018)

Natural products are an abundant source of potential drugs, and their diversity makes them a rich and viable prospective source of bioactive cannabinoid ligands. Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) antagonists are clinically established and well documented as potential therapeutics for treating obesity, obesity-related cardiometabolic disorders, pain, and drug/substance abuse, but their associated CNS-mediated adverse effects hinder the development of potential new drugs and no such drug is currently on the market. This limitation amplifies the need for new agents with reduced or no CNS-mediated side effects. We are interested in the discovery of new natural product chemotypes as CB1 antagonists, which may serve as good starting points for further optimization towards the development of CB1 therapeutics. In search of new chemotypes as CB1 antagonists, we screened the in silico purchasable natural products subset of the ZINC12 database against our reported CB1 receptor model using the structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) approach. A total of 18 out of 192 top-scoring virtual hits, selected based on structural diversity and key protein⁻ligand interactions, were purchased and subjected to in vitro screening in competitive radioligand binding assays. The in vitro screening yielded seven compounds exhibiting >50% displacement at 10 μM concentration, and further binding affinity (K<sub>i</sub> and IC<sub>50</sub>) and functional data revealed compound <b>16</b> as a potent and selective CB1 inverse agonist (K<sub>i</sub> = 121 nM and EC<sub>50</sub> = 128 nM) while three other compounds-<b>2</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>18</b>-were potent but nonselective CB1 ligands with low micromolar binding affinity (K<sub>i</sub>). In order to explore the structure⁻activity relationship for compound <b>16</b>, we further purchased compounds with >80% similarity to compound <b>16</b>, screened them for CB1 and CB2 activities, and found two potent compounds with sub-micromolar activities. Most importantly, these bioactive compounds represent structurally new natural product chemotypes in the area of cannabinoid research and could be considered for further structural optimization as CB1 ligands.
Analysis of a New All‐Inside Versus Inside‐Out Technique for Repairing Radial Meniscal Tears (2014)

In a porcine specimen meniscus repair model, the biomechanical properties of a vertical all-inside technique were superior to that of a horizontal inside-out technique. Future studies of biomechanical and clinical outcomes in human meniscal repairs with this device are warranted to explore whether this repair method is valuable to clinical practice and patient outcomes.
Lipid polymorphism and membrane fusion (1986)

Conference Article| April 01 1986 Lipid polymorphism and membrane fusion P. R. CULLIS; P. R. CULLIS *Biochemistry Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1W5 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar B. de KRUIJFF; B. de KRUIJFF †Biochemistry Department, State University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. J. VERKLEIJ; A. J. VERKLEIJ †Biochemistry Department, State University of Utrecht, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. J. HOPE M. J. HOPE *Biochemistry Department, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1W5 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1986) 14 (2): 242–245. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140242 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation P. R. CULLIS, B. de KRUIJFF, A. J. VERKLEIJ, M. J. HOPE; Lipid polymorphism and membrane fusion. Biochem Soc Trans 1 April 1986; 14 (2): 242–245. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0140242 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PE, phosphatidylethanolamine, PC, phosphatidylcholine, PS, phosphatidylserine, SPM, sphingomyelin, PG, phosphatidylglycerol, PA, phosphatidic acid, PI, phosphatidylinositol, CL, cardiolipin, MLV, multilamellar vesicle, LUV, large unilamellar vesicle This content is only available as a PDF. © 1986 Biochemical Society1986 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Central Nervous System (CNS) Relapse Following Chemotherapy of WF Rat Acute Myelogenous Leukemia: A Model for Human CNS Leukemia2 (1977)

The treatment of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in human acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) presents a serious therapeutic dilemma. In an attempt to study the pathophysiology of this diseases in an animal model, the incidence and sites of detection of CNS leukemia were evaluated in inbred rats receiving chemotherapy for the transplantable WF AML. Eight of 100 rats with untreated WF AML demonstrated CNS leukemia at death with concomitant widespread visceral infiltrates, ascites, bone marrow involvement, and peripheral blood leukemia. Similarly, 6 of 120 rats (5%) failing to attain a complete remission following adriamycin. Cytoxan, or cytosine arabinoside chemotherapy demonstrated CNS leukemia in addition to systemic disease at death. In contrast, 70 of 75 rats (93.3%) achieving a complete remission subsequently relapsed in the CNS, either in combination with widespread systemic disease in 48 (64.0%) or with minimal evidence of systemic relapse in 22 (29.3%). There was a greater frequency of detectable cerebral compared to spinal cord infiltrates in relapsing rats. The WF AML appears to be a valuable model for study of the mechanism and ultimately the prevention of CNS relapse following chemotherapy in human AML.
INHIBITED NEUTROPHIL APOPTOSIS: PROTEASOME DEPENDENT NF-κB TRANSLOCATION IS REQUIRED FOR TRAF-1 SYNTHESIS (2000)

Neutrophil (PMN) apoptosis regulates local and systemic inflammation during sepsis. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) have been implicated as mediators of apoptosis; however, the signaling pathways for their production in stimulated PMN are unclear. We hypothesize that NF-kappaB translocation is necessary for the induction of TRAF-1 in PMNs with prolonged survival. Neutrophils were isolated from the blood of healthy volunteers by Ficoll gradient centrifugation and red blood cell sedimentation. Neutrophil NF-kappaB was inhibited with a proteasome inhibitor, PSI-I. Cells were treated with PSI-I (30 microM) or vehicle (DMSO 0.2%) for 50 min then incubated over an 18-h time course with LPS (10 to 1000 ng/mL), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) (2 to 20 ng/mL) or control media. In vitro apoptosis was quantified by propidium iodide FACS analysis. Total cellular TRAF-1 was detected by Western blot analysis of cell lysates. Steady state TRAF-1 mRNA was detected by RPA. NF-kappaB activity was determined by Western blot analysis for nuclear p65. Means and standard errors were calculated; data were analyzed by ANOVA. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and TNFalpha increased PMN nuclear p65 and steady state TRAF-1 mRNA. Apoptosis was inhibited by TNFalpha and LPS at 12 and 18 h (P < 0.01). Incubation of cells in the NF-kappaB inhibitor PSI-I blocked LPS and TNFalpha-induced inhibition of apoptosis (P < 0.05) and the induction of both nuclear p65 and TRAF-1 mRNA. These data demonstrate that inhibition of PMN apoptosis and TRAF-1 induction by LPS and TNFalpha is NF-kappaB dependent.
Blending real with virtual in 3DLife (2013)

Part of 3DLife's major goal to bring the 3D media Internet to life, concerns the development and wide-spread distribution of online tele-immersive (TI) virtual environments. As the techniques powering challenging tasks for user reconstruction and activity tracking within a virtual environment are maturing, along with consumer-grade availability of specialized hardware, this paper focuses on the simple practices used to make real-time tele-immersion within a networked virtual world a reality.