gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glutamate gene polymorphisms predict brain volumes in multiple sclerosis (2012)

Using a novel, multivariate regression model confirmed by two other statistical approaches we show associations between GRIN2A SNPs and phenotypic variation in NBV and NWMV in this first exploratory study. Replications in independent datasets are now necessary to validate these findings.
Cyclooxygenase-2 as target for chemopreventive interventions: New approaches (2007)

Preventive medicine has become a corner stone in our concept of health in the third millennium. Colorectal cancer (CRC) fits the criteria of a disease suitable for prevention interventions. This is a prevalent disease that is associated with considerable mortality and morbidity rates. More than 1,000,000 new cases and 500,000 deaths are expected, worldwide, in 2005. CRC has a natural history of transition from precursor to malignant lesion that spans, on average, 15-20 years, providing a window of opportunity for effective interventions and prevention. A pre-malignant precursor lesion (i.e., adenoma) usually precedes cancer, and helps to identify a subset of the population that is at increased risk of harboring and developing cancer. Science and technology have evolved to a point where we are able to use our knowledge of cancer biology to identify individuals at risk. Since compliance with current screening methods is a major barrier to the achievement of optimal results, a large part of the average risk population has not been screened by any method. Hence, chemoprevention, a new science that has emerged during the last decade, presents an alternative approach to reducing mortality from CRC.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Hydrates of Simple Inorganic Salts. Part 3. Water‐Rich Aluminum Halide Hydrates: AlCl3·15H2O, AlBr3·15H2O, AlI3·15H2O, AlI3·17H2O and AlBr3·9H2O. (2014)

Abstract The crystal structures of the title compounds, crystallized from low‐temperature solutions, are determined by single crystal XRD.
Endovascular Technology and Its Impact on the Relationships among Vascular Surgeons, Interventional Radiologists, and Other Specialists (1996)

Endovascular treatment methods that are largely catheter/guidewire-based permit treatment of a variety of vascular lesions from remote access sites in a minimally invasive manner. Because these endovascular technologies have intrinsic appeal to patients and physicians, they may, if proved safe and effective, replace a substantial proportion of current vascular surgical procedures. This change will have a substantial impact on the specialties involved in their development and use, that is, vascular surgery and interventional radiology (which in this discussion includes other interventional specialists devoted to peripheral vascular disease management). The relationship between these previously distinct specialties must also be influenced greatly by the introduction of endovascular technologies, the use of which requires skills that overlap the specialties. This paper considers several possible approaches for dealing with the altered interspecialty relationships that will result if new endovascular treatment methods prove to be safe and effective. Because the development and use of these endovascular technologies require the skills and talents of vascular surgeons and interventional radiologists (or other interventionalists), a collaborative, multispecialty approach to the use of endovascular technologies is recommended as the most reasonable and optimal for patient care. Although this approach may not be applicable for every environment, it is the one most likely to minimize costs and turf battles, particularly if interspecialty conflict can be minimized by collaboration and compromises developed by a conjoint executive committee representing the leadership of the involved specialty societies.
Detective quantum efficiency of intensified CMOS cameras for Cherenkov imaging in radiotherapy (2020)

In this study the metric of detective quantum efficiency (DQE) was applied to Cherenkov imaging systems for the first time, and results were compared for different detector hardware, gain levels and with imaging processing for noise suppression. Intensified complementary metal oxide semiconductor cameras using different image intensifier designs (Gen3 and Gen2+) were used to image Cherenkov emission from a tissue phantom in order to measure the modulation transfer function (MTF) and noise power spectrum (NPS) of the systems. These parameters were used to calculate the DQE for varying acquisition settings and image processing steps. MTF curves indicated that the Gen3 system had superior contrast transfer and spatial resolution than the Gen2+ system, with [Formula: see text] values of 0.52 mm<sup>-1</sup> and 0.31 mm<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. With median filtering for noise suppression, these values decreased to 0.50 mm<sup>-1</sup> and 0.26 mm<sup>-1</sup>. The maximum NPS values for the Gen3 and Gen2+ systems at high gain were 1.3 × 10<sup>6</sup> mm<sup>2</sup> and 9.1 × 10<sup>4</sup> mm<sup>2</sup> respectively, representing a 14x decrease in noise power for the Gen2+ system. Both systems exhibited increased NPS intensity with increasing gain, while median filtering lowered the NPS. The DQE of each system increased with increasing gain, and at the maximum gain levels the Gen3 system had a low-frequency DQE of 0.31%, while the Gen2+ system had a value of 1.44%. However, at a higher frequency of 0.4 mm<sup>-1</sup>, these values became 0.54% and 0.03%. Filtering improved DQE for the Gen3 system and reduced DQE for the Gen2+ system and had a mix of detrimental and beneficial qualitative effects by decreasing the spatial resolution and sharpness but also substantially lowering noise. This methodology for DQE measurement allowed for quantitative comparison between Cherenkov imaging cameras and improvements to their sensitivity, and yielded the first formal assessment of Cherenkov image formation efficiency.
Inter-Frame Post-Processing for Intra-Coded Video (2013)

We propose a video codec architecture based on mixed quality frames which allows for low-complexity intra-coded video to undergo inter-frame post-processing to improve its rate-distortion performance. The video sequence is divided into key and non-key frames by applying different quantization parameters among them. The application of different quantization parameters reduces the bit-rate, but also reduces the quality of the non-key frames. In order to enhance the quality of these non-key frames at the decoding process without additional information, we propose the use of the higher quality (key) frames through motion estimation. For that, in blocks where key and non-key frames “match”, we try to apply details of key frames to non-key ones. Tests were carried out with H.264-Intra, Motion JPEG 2000 and Motion JPEG video sequences, recording PSNR improvements of up to 1 dB.
Parylene-Based Cuff Electrode With Integrated Microfluidics for Peripheral Nerve Recording, Stimulation, and Drug Delivery (2018)

A novel Parylene C-based peripheral nerve interface that combines both electrodes and microfluidic channels in an adjustable cuff was designed, fabricated, and characterized. This minimally invasive interface incorporates a drug delivery system for targeted delivery of lysing agents and neurotrophic factors to the nerve surface to locally disrupt the epineurium and allow fascicular selectivity. Multiple platinum (Pt) electrodes were embedded in the microfluidic channels for neural stimulation and recording. The lyse-and-attract cuff electrode (LACE) uses a simple locking mechanism that is adjustable for close contact with nerves of varying diameters. Devices were fabricated using standard Parylene microfabrication techniques resulting in low variability and high device yield. A procedure for the implantation of the LACE was developed and successfully demonstrated in vivo around rat sciatic nerves. The adjustable locking mechanism demonstrated adequate holding strength and fit around the nerves. Benchtop electrochemical characterization of the thin-film Pt electrodes showed that the electrodes possessed high charge storage capacity (>1 mC/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and low impedances ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&lt; 2~\text{k}\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> at 1 kHz) suitable for neural stimulation and recording. As expected, embedded electrodes demonstrated higher impedance values. Acute neural recording from the rat sciatic nerve verified the capability of the LACE to record evoked neural activity (compound action potentials). Controlled and localized microfluidic infusions were achieved at low flow rates ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$&lt; 1~\mu \text{L}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> /min). Finally, infusion experiments in vivo demonstrated targeted drug delivery to the sciatic nerve fascicles. This multifunctional peripheral nerve interface has the potential to enhance implant-tissue integration in vivo and provide reliable chronic performance not available in the existing extraneural or intraneural interfaces. [2018-0192]
Finite Element Analysis Couples Casing and Cement Designs for HT/HP Wells in East Texas (2006)

Wells drilled into the deep Bossier formations of the east Texas Hilltop Field encounter low-permeability, gas-bearing formations at over 15,000-psi pressure and 400°F temperatures. The wells require high-pressure fracture stimulations and extreme production drawdown to produce at economic rates. Wellbore temperature variations occurring between stimulation and production operations are extreme. The gases in these formations are also highly corrosive. Two of the first three wells completed in this area failed from casing collapse during completion operations or within the first few weeks of production.Finite element analysis (FEA) modeling coupled with log-derived formation properties confirmed that the extreme stresses applied to these wells rendered previous casings and cement sheaths
Availability Considerations for Mission Critical Applications in the Cloud (2016)

Cloud environments offer flexibility, elasticity, and low cost compute infrastructure. Enterprise-level workloads â?? such as SAP and Oracle workloads - require infrastructure with high availability, clustering, or physical server appliances. These features are often not part of a typical cloud offering, and as a result, businesses are forced to run enterprise workloads in their legacy environments. To enable enterprise customers to use these workloads in a cloud, we enabled a large number of SAP and Oracle workloads in the IBM Cloud Managed Services (CMS) for both virtualized and non-virtualized cloud environments. In this paper, we discuss the challenges in enabling enterprise class applications in the cloud based on our experience on providing a diverse set of platforms implemented in the IBM CMS offering.
Mechanisms of Spectral Tuning in Blue Cone Visual Pigments (1998)

Spectral tuning by visual pigments involves the modulation of the physical properties of the chromophore (11-cis-retinal) by amino acid side chains that compose the chromophore-binding pocket. We identified 12 amino acid residues in the human blue cone pigment that might induce the required green-to-blue opsin shift. The simultaneous substitution of nine of these sites in rhodopsin (M86L, G90S, A117G, E122L, A124T, W265Y, A292S, A295S, and A299C) shifted the absorption maximum from 500 to 438 nm, accounting for 2,830 cm-1, or 80%, of the opsin shift between rhodopsin and the blue cone pigment. Raman spectroscopy of mutant pigments shows that the dielectric character and architecture of the chromophore-binding pocket are specifically altered. An increase in the number of dipolar side chains near the protonated Schiff base of retinal increases the ground-excited state energy gap via long range dipole-dipole Coulomb interaction. In addition, the W265Y substitution causes a decrease in solvent polarizability near the chromophore ring structure. Finally, two substitutions on transmembrane helix 3 (A117G and E122L) act in combination with the other substitutions to alter the binding-pocket structure, resulting in stronger interaction of the protonated Schiff base group with the surrounding dipolar groups and the counterion. Taken together, these results identify the amino acid side chains and the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for a majority of the opsin shift in blue visual pigments.
Reconstructing Curvilinear Networks Using Path Classifiers and Integer Programming (2016)

We propose a novel approach to automated delineation of curvilinear structures that form complex and potentially loopy networks. By representing the image data as a graph of potential paths, we first show how to weight these paths using discriminatively-trained classifiers that are both robust and generic enough to be applied to very different imaging modalities. We then present an Integer Programming approach to finding the optimal subset of paths, subject to structural and topological constraints that eliminate implausible solutions. Unlike earlier approaches that assume a tree topology for the networks, ours explicitly models the fact that the networks may contain loops, and can reconstruct both cyclic and acyclic ones. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a variety of challenging datasets including aerial images of road networks and micrographs of neural arbors, and show that it outperforms state-of-the-art techniques.
Chemical bonding and interdiffusion in scaled down SiO2∕Si3N4∕SiO2 stacks with top oxide formed by thermal ed copyoxidation (2006)

The influence of thermal oxidation on the composition of silicon nitride films in SiO2∕Si3N4∕SiO2 stacks for advanced nonvolatile memories is reported. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analyses lead to the conclusion that wet thermal (pyrogenic) oxidation of silicon nitride enhances the incorporation of oxygen into the silicon nitride layer and creates a silicon oxynitride layer. In the oxynitride layer formed by wet oxidation, O is mostly bonded to N, whereas in the native oxynitride at the silicon nitride surface, O is preferentially bonded to Si. Dry oxidation (1200°C) results in an even higher amount of oxygen incorporation into the silicon nitride layer as compared with the pyrogenic process. After both pyrogenic and dry oxidation, hydrogen concentration decreases in the bulk of the silicon nitride layer. Following wet oxidation, hydrogen was found to accumulate at the surface layers of the grown oxynitride film. Oxygen penetration into the nitride layer was found to be higher in thinner nitride layers. The peculiarities of hydrogen distribution were not affected by the thickness of the nitride layer.
Design, synthesis andin vitroantiproliferative activity of new thiazolidinedione-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids as thymidylate synthase inhibitors (2020)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) has been an attention-grabbing area of research for the treatment of cancers due to their role in DNA biosynthesis. In the present study, we have synthesised a library of thiazolidinedione-1,3,4-oxadiazole hybrids as TS inhibitors. All the synthesised hybrids followed Lipinski and Veber rules which indicated good drug likeness properties upon oral administration. Among the synthesised hybrids, compound <b>9</b> and <b>10</b> displayed 4.5 and 4.4 folds activity of 5-Fluorouracil, respectively against MCF-7 cell line whereas 3.1 and 2.5 folds cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cell line. Furthermore, compound <b>9</b> and <b>10</b> also inhibited TS enzyme with IC<sub>50</sub> = 1.67 and 2.21 µM, respectively. Finally, the docking studies of <b>9</b> and <b>10</b> were found to be consistent with <i>in vitro</i> TS results. From these studies, compound <b>9</b> and <b>10</b> has the potential to be developed as TS inhibitors.
Memory---Sequoia (2006)

We present Sequoia, a programming language designed to facilitate the development of memory hierarchy aware parallel programs that remain portable across modern machines featuring different memory hierarchy configurations. Sequoia abstractly exposes hierarchical memory in the programming model and provides language mechanisms to describe communication vertically through the machine and to localize computation to particular memory locations within it. We have implemented a complete programming system, including a compiler and runtime systems for Cell processor-based blade systems and distributed memory clusters, and demonstrate efficient performance running Sequoia programs on both of these platforms.
BMS-986163, a Negative Allosteric Modulator of GluN2B with Potential Utility in Major Depressive Disorder (2018)

There is a significant unmet medical need for more efficacious and rapidly acting antidepressants. Toward this end, negative allosteric modulators of the <i>N</i>-methyl-d-aspartate receptor subtype GluN2B have demonstrated encouraging therapeutic potential. We report herein the discovery and preclinical profile of a water-soluble intravenous prodrug BMS-986163 (<b>6</b>) and its active parent molecule BMS-986169 (<b>5</b>), which demonstrated high binding affinity for the GluN2B allosteric site (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 4.0 nM) and selective inhibition of GluN2B receptor function (IC<sub>50</sub> = 24 nM) in cells. The conversion of prodrug <b>6</b> to parent <b>5</b> was rapid in vitro and in vivo across preclinical species. After intravenous administration, compounds <b>5</b> and <b>6</b> have exhibited robust levels of ex vivo GluN2B target engagement in rodents and antidepressant-like activity in mice. No significant off-target activity was observed for <b>5</b>, <b>6</b>, or the major circulating metabolites <b>met-1</b> and <b>met-2</b>. The prodrug BMS-986163 (<b>6</b>) has demonstrated an acceptable safety and toxicology profile and was selected as a preclinical candidate for further evaluation in major depressive disorder.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembled Monolayer Coatings as a New Tool for the Resolution of Racemates. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Peroxiredoxin5 Controls Vertebrate Ciliogenesis by Modulating Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species (2018)

Prdx5 plays protective roles in mitochondria and is critical for normal cilia development by regulating the levels of ROS. The loss of Prdx5 is associated with excessive production of ROS, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant ciliogenesis.
Signal and model-based fault detection for aircraft systems (2015)

The paper presents several examples on model and signal based fault detection in aircraft Electrical Flight Control System (EFCS). The examples are taken from past and on-going research projects and actions between Airbus Group and the University of Bordeaux (France). The techniques presented have been tested on highly representative aircraft benchmarks, real flight data, or through realtime implementation on Airbus test facilities and real A380 flight tests. The focus is on specific problems associated with each design when it comes to providing viable technological solutions and mechanization schemes. One of the proposed model-based solutions has received certification on new generation Airbus A350 aircraft. It is a great achievement for SAFEPROCESS academic community as it demonstrates that a model-based fault detection technique is now flying (first commercial flight: January 15, 2015).
An Assessment of Turbocharging Systems for Diesel Engines from First and Second Law Perspectives (1988)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A number of turbocharging systems have been proposed for improving the &lt;i&gt;drivability&lt;/i&gt; of diesel engines for heavy duty trucks. The systems studied here included resonant intake, wastegate, and variable geometry turbocharging. By imposing a fixed power, torque rise, and engine speed range, it was possible to evaluate the fuel economy impact of each approach. First Law and Second Law balances are included to illustrate the differences in the systems. It was found that variable geometry turbocharging provided the best fuel economy.&lt;/div&gt;
CD8+NKR-P1A+ T cells preferentially accumulate in human liver (1999)

A unique subset of T cells that co-express NKR-P1, which is a lectin type of NK receptor and is thought to have a major role in triggering NK activity, has been identified. In mice, NK1.1 (mouse NKR-P1C)+ T cells, called NKT cells, preferentially accumulate in the liver and bone marrow. They predominantly use invariant Vα14 chain TCR and phenotypically are CD4+CD8− or CD4−CD8− T cells. In this study, we analyzed, phenotypically and functionally, the NKR-P1A (analogue of murine NKR-P1C)+ T cells resident in the human liver. Here, we show that in complete contrast to the NKT cells in the mouse liver, the majority of NKR-P1A+ T cells in the human liver are CD8+ and their TCR repertoire is not skewed to Vα24 TCR, the homologue of murine Vα14 TCR. Almost all of the NKR-P1A+ T cells in the human liver expressed CD69, suggesting that they were activated. Furthermore, the NKR-P1A+ T cells in the human liver exhibited strong cytotoxicity against a variety of tumor cell lines including K562, Molt4 and some colonic adenocarcinoma cell lines.
How to assemble tree machines (Extended Abstract) (1982)

Many researchers have proposed that ensembles of processing elements be organized as trees. This paper explores how large tree machines may be assembled efficiently from smaller components. A principal constraint that we consider is the limited number of external connections from an integrated circuit chip. We also explore the emerging capability of restructurable VLSI which allows a chip to be customized after fabrication.
Activity of the anti-IGF-1R antibody dalotuzumab (MK-0646) in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer: Preclinical and clinical data. (2012)

3587 Background: KRAS mutated metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is inherently resistant to EGFR targeted therapy and carries an inferior prognosis to wild-type disease with a median survival of approximately 16 months. Methods: The activity of dalotuzumab (Dz) has been investigated in KRAS mutant pre-clinical colon cancer models. In addition efficacy data relating to a sub-set of KRAS mutant mCRC patients enrolled in a randomized phase II/III study (initiated prior to the introduction of KRAS genotyping) of Dz in combination with cetuximab (Cx) and irinotecan (Ir) are reported. All patients had received Cx and Ir with either placebo (n=20), weekly Dz (n=18), or 2 weekly Dz (n=31). Results: In pre-clinical models, Dz was found to be effective in inhibiting IGF-1 mediated cellular growth. Furthermore, in colorectal cancer xenograft models high IGF-1 was found to identify a sub-set of Dz responsive tumours. Combination studies demonstrated that Irinotecan exposure resulted in the activation of IGF-1R and PI3K signaling pathways, representing a possible cellular survival mechanism. In xenograft models the combination of Dz with irinotecan produced lasting tumor growth inhibition that persisted even after treatment withdrawal. Outcome data are reported for 69 patients with KRAS mutant mCRC enrolled in the randomized study. Efficacy data demonstrated differential activity between colon versus rectal tumours with evidence of activity in the rectal subgroup. Molecular analysis suggests that this observation may be mediated by differential IGF-1 expression. Conclusions: These data suggest that Dz in combination with irinotecan may have utility in the treatment of KRAS mutated colorectal cancer patients. Based on these data Dz is being further evaluated in a molecularly selected population of mCRC. [Table: see text]