gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Mobile Interstitial Oxygen Atoms in Defect Processes in Oxides: Interconversion between Oxygen-Associated Defects inSiO2Glass (2004)

The role of mobile interstitial oxygen atoms (O(0)) in defect processes in oxides is demonstrated by interconversion between the oxygen dangling bond and the peroxy radical (POR) in SiO2 glass. Superstoichiometric O(0) was created by F2 laser photolysis of the interstitial O2. On annealing above 300 degrees C, O(0) migrated and converted the oxygen dangling bond to POR. Exposure to 5.0 eV light converted POR back to a pair of the oxygen dangling bond and O(0) (quantum yield: approximately 0.1). These findings suggest that various defect processes typically occurring in SiO2 glass at approximately 300-500 degrees C are related to migration of O(0), which exists in the glass network in the peroxy linkage form.
Exploiting multiple secondary reinforcers in policy gradient reinforcement learning (2001)

Most formulations of Reinforcement Learning depend on a single reinforcement reward value to guide the search for the optimal policy solution. If observation of this reward is rare or expensive, converging to a solution can be impractically slow. One way to exploit additional domain knowledge is to use more readily available, but related quantities as secondary reinforcers to guide the search through the space of all policies. We propose a method to augment Policy Gradient Reinforcement Learning algorithms by using prior domain knowledge to estimate desired relative levels of a set of secondary reinforcement quantities. RL can then be applied to determine a policy which will establish these levels. The primary reinforcement reward is then sampled to calculate a gradient for each secondary reinforcer, in the direction of increased primary reward. These gradients are used to improve the estimate of relative secondary values, and the process iterates until reward is maximized. We prove that the algorithm converges to a local optimum in secondary reward space, and that the rate of convergence of the performance gradient estimate in secondary reward space is independent of the size of the state space. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm can converge many orders of magnitude faster than standard policy gradient formulations.
Relationship between the morphology of the foveal avascular zone, retinal structure, and macular circulation in patients with diabetes mellitus (2018)

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is an extremely severe and common degenerative disease. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between various parameters including the Foveal Avascular Zone (FAZ) morphology, retinal layer thickness, and retinal hemodynamic properties in healthy controls and patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and with no mild DR (MDR) using Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (Spectralis SDOCT, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Germany) and the Retinal Function Imager (Optical Imaging, Ltd., Rehovot, Israel). Our results showed a higher FAZ area and diameter in MDR patients. Blood flow analysis also showed that there is a significantly smaller venous blood flow velocity in MDR patients. Also, a significant difference in roundness was observed between DM and MDR groups supporting the development of asymmetrical FAZ expansion with worsening DR. Our results suggest a potential anisotropy in the mechanical properties of the diabetic retina with no retinopathy that may trigger the FAZ elongation in a preferred direction resulting in either thinning or thickening of intraretinal layers in the inner and outer segments of the retina as a result of autoregulation. A detailed understanding of these relationships may facilitate earlier detection of DR, allowing for preservation of vision and better clinical outcomes.
Two-wavelength emission laser with semiconductor quantum dots (2013)

A two-wavelength emission laser has been fabricated using semiconductor quantum dots as the gain medium. A beat signal of ∼100 GHz was observed using Michelson interferometer configuration, indicating that these emissions occurred simultaneously.
Identification and analysis of a lytic-phase origin of DNA replication in human herpesvirus 7 (1997)

Human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7) DNA sequences colinear with the HHV-6 lytic-phase origin of DNA replication (oriLyt) were amplified by PCR. Plasmid constructs containing these sequences were replicated in HHV-7-infected cord blood mononuclear cells but not in HHV-6-infected cells. In contrast, plasmids bearing HHV-6 oriLyt were replicated in both HHV-6- and HHV-7-infected cells. Finally, the minimal HHV-7 DNA element necessary for replicator activity was mapped to a 600-bp region which contains two sites with high homology to the consensus binding site for the HHV-6 origin binding protein. At least one of these binding sites was shown to be essential for replicator function of HHV-7 oriLyt.
A technical note on intra-arterial cone-beam computed tomography for the evaluation of flow-diverter stents: Image quality differences between diluted and non-diluted contrast medium (2019)

Intra-arterial CBCT angiography can be performed without contrast dilution and still achieve adequate image quality in certain cerebral aneurysms treated with flow diverter. The non-diluted contrast technique avoids the time loss during preparation of diluted contrast and installation of diluted contrast to the injector in angiography suites with a single power injector.
Incorporating Multiple Energy Relay Dyes in Liquid Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2011)

Panchromatic response is essential to increase the light-harvesting efficiency in solar conversion systems. Herein we show increased light harvesting from using multiple energy relay dyes inside dye-sensitized solar cells. Additional photoresponse from 400-590 nm matching the optical window of the zinc phthalocyanine sensitizer was observed due to Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the two energy relay dyes to the sensitizing dye. The complementary absorption spectra of the energy relay dyes and high excitation transfer efficiencies result in a 35% increase in photovoltaic performance.
Suppl Info from BET Inhibitors Suppress ALDH Activity by Targeting <i>ALDH1A1</i> Super-Enhancer in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Methods and Figure Legend&lt;/p&gt;
Folding Graphene Film Yields High Areal Energy Storage in Lithium-Ion Batteries (2018)

We show that a high energy density can be achieved in a practical manner with freestanding electrodes without using conductive carbon, binders, and current collectors. We made and used a folded graphene composite electrode designed for a high areal capacity anode. The traditional thick graphene composite electrode, such as made by filtering graphene oxide to create a thin film and reducing it such as through chemical or thermal methods, has sluggish reaction kinetics. Instead, we have made and tested a thin composite film electrode that was folded several times using a water-assisted method; it provides a continuous electron transport path in the fold regions and introduces more channels between the folded layers, which significantly enhances the electron/ion transport kinetics. A fold electrode consisting of SnO<sub>2</sub>/graphene with high areal loading of 5 mg cm<sup>-2</sup> has a high areal capacity of 4.15 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>, well above commercial graphite anodes (2.50-3.50 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup>), while the thickness is maintained as low as ∼20 μm. The fold electrode shows stable cycling over 500 cycles at 1.70 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> and improved rate capability compared to thick electrodes with the same mass loading but without folds. A full cell of fold electrode coupled with LiCoO<sub>2</sub> cathode was assembled and delivered an areal capacity of 2.84 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> after 300 cycles. This folding strategy can be extended to other electrode materials and rechargeable batteries.
Buried IED targets detection and identification using advanced HFEMI models (2021)

Buried improvised explosive devices (IEDs), due to their relative ease of construction, availability, and destructive capacity, remains the main and current (and likely future) asymmetric threat directed at US and coalition forces. The IEDs can be hidden anywhere: in vehicles, on animals, planted in roads or strapped to a person and can be deployed everywhere: in a combat environment or in the middle of a busy city. The adaptability of IEDs to almost any situation makes them difficult to detect, identify and neutralize using standard subsurface sensing technologies, such as low frequency electromagnetic induction (EMI, DC to 100kHz) and ground penetrating radar (GPR, operating above 50MHz). Much research over the past few years has been focused on exploring, developing, and building new systems for buried IED detection. One such technology is the high frequency EMI (HFEMI) sensor developed under an Office Naval Research project. As a part of the project, IEDs detection studies were conducted at a DoD test site using the HFEMI system. The objective of this paper is to illustrate subsurface IED targets detection and identification capabilities using the HFEMI data and models. Namely, first the paper demonstrates the HFEMI data sets collected over IED targets, including intermediate conducting, low-metal content targets, and explosive filled voids; Then, the advanced EMI models and signal processing approaches are adapted to the HFEMI data sets; and finally, applicability of the advanced models are illustrated by postprocessing and inverting HFEMI data sets.
The conformational energy of the (benzene)chromium tricarbonyl substituent (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe conformational energy of the (benzene)chromium tricarbonyl substituentErnest L. Eliel, Muthiah Manoharan, Samuel G. Levine, and Angelita NgCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 24, 4978–4980Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00224a070https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00224a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA contents in Wilms' tumors. A cytofluorometric study (1983)

Cytofluorometric measurement of nuclear DNA was performed on individual tumor cells isolated from paraffin sections of Wilms' tumors. The DNA distribution of one untreated primary tumor showed the first major peak near the diploid range and the second peak in the tetraploid range. There were many cells having amounts of DNA interspersed between the diploid and tetraploid range. Polyploid cells were not observed. Most of the Wilms' tumor cells had a higher diploid DNA value than the small lymphocytes of the control cells. The primary tumor and its metastases showed similar DNA distribution patterns. After treatment, the distribution pattern showed a reduction in number of cells between the diploid and tetraploid range and in the tetraploid range, with the greater number of cells being found in the diploid range. Though the phases of the cell cycle are not always clearly detectable by cytofluorometry, the cells of the untreated Wilms' tumor were distributed into the phases of the cell cycle as follows: 65.9% in G0 and G1 phases; 31.2% in S-phase; and 2.9% in G2 and M phases.
Differential gene signature in adipose tissue depots of growth hormone transgenic mice (2020)

Bovine growth hormone (bGH) transgenic mice mimic the clinical condition of acromegaly, having high circulating growth hormone (GH) levels. These mice are giant, have decreased adipose tissue (AT) mass, impaired glucose metabolism and a shortened lifespan. The detrimental effects of excess GH have been suggested, in part, to be a result of its depot-specific actions on AT. To investigate this relationship, we evaluated gene expression, biological mechanisms, cellular pathways and predicted microRNA (miRNA) in two AT depots (subcutaneous [Subq] and epididymal [Epi]) from bGH and littermate controls using RNA sequencing analysis. Two analyses on the differentially expressed genes (DEG) were performed: (i) comparison of the same AT depot between bGH and wild-type (WT) mice (genotype comparison) and (ii) comparison of Subq and Epi AT depots within the same genotype (depot comparison). For the genotype comparison, we found a higher number of significant DEG in the Subq AT depot of bGH mice compared to WT controls, corroborating previous reports that GH has a greater impact on the Subq depot. Furthermore, most of the DEG in bGH mice were not shared by WT mice, suggesting that excess GH induces the expression of genes not commonly present in AT. Through gene ontology and pathway analysis, the genotype comparison revealed that the DEG of the Subq depot of bGH mice relate to fatty acid oxidation, branched-chain amino acid degradation and the immune system. Additionally, the AT depot comparison showed that the immune cell activation and T-cell response appear up-regulated in the Subq compared to the Epi AT depot. The miRNA prediction also suggested a modulation of T-cell-related biological process in Subq. In summary, the present study provides a unique resource for understanding the specific differences in gene expression that are driven by both excess GH action and AT depot location.
ARX homeodomain mutations abolish DNA binding and lead to a loss of transcriptional repression (2011)

Mutations in the Aristaless-related homeobox (ARX) gene are one of the most frequent causes of X-linked intellectual disability (ID). Several missense mutations, clustered in the paired-type homeodomain of ARX, have been identified. These mutations lead to a range of phenotypes from X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia to seizure disorders without brain malformations including X-linked infantile spasms with ID (ISSX-ID) and X-linked myoclonic epilepsy with spasticity and ID (XMESID). The effect of these mutations on the DNA-binding and transcriptional activity has been evaluated. Luciferase reporter assays showed altered repression activity of ARX by all mutations, causing brain malformations and ISSX-ID phenotypes, but not by the P353L mutation implicated in a milder phenotype of XMESID. Similarly, transient overexpression of wild-type ARX repressed endogenous expression of known ARX targets, LMO1 and SHOX2, when measured by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Overall, the molecular consequence of missense mutations correlated well with the severity of the clinical phenotype. In all mutations tested, except P353L, the DNA binding was abolished. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay results were validated using chromatin immunoprecipitation following overexpression of normal and selected missense mutations. Unlike wild-type ARX and clinically less severe mutations, the mutations leading to severe clinical phenotypes were not able to specifically bind to DNA upstream of known, endogenous ARX-regulated genes, LMO1 and SHOX2. In conclusion, the missense mutations in the ARX homeodomain represent loss-of-function mutations, which lead to a reduced or complete loss of DNA binding and as a consequence, a loss of transcriptional repression.
An Element in the α1-Tubulin Promoter Is Necessary for Retinal Expression during Optic Nerve Regeneration But Not after Eye Injury in the Adult Zebrafish (2004)

We have shown previously that a 1.696 kb upstream fragment of the goldfish alpha1-tubulin promoter was capable of driving green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in the developing and regenerating zebrafish CNS in a pattern closely mimicking the endogenous alpha1-tubulin gene. Comparison of fish and rat alpha1-tubulin promoters identified a 64 bp region with a conserved repetitive homeodomain (HD) consensus sequence core (TAAT) and a nearby basic helix-loop-helix binding E-box sequence (CANNTG), which led us to speculate that it could be of importance for regulating alpha1-tubulin gene transcription. To address this issue, we examined the ability of deletion mutants of the 1.696 kb promoter to drive expression of GFP in zebrafish retinal cells under normal conditions and after injury. Interestingly, although wild-type 1.696 kb and mutant promoters, lacking the E-box and/or HD sequences, exhibited rather similar patterns of GFP expression in the developing retina, significant differences were noticed in the mature retina. First, although the 1.696 kb promoter directed transgene expression to retinal neurons and progenitor cells, the activity of mutant promoters was drastically reduced. Second, we found that the E-box and HD sequences were necessary for transgene reinduction during optic nerve regeneration, but were not as important for transgene expression in regenerating retinal neurons after eye injury. In this latter lesion model, remarkably, both 1.696 kb and mutant promoters targeted GFP expression to Müller glia-like cells, some of which re-entered the cell cycle. These new findings will be useful for identifying the molecular signals necessary for successful CNS regeneration.
Design and characterization of a late-mixing pulsed nozzle (2004)

A pulsed source that allows mixing of two gases without appreciable reaction prior to expansion is constructed for the study of photoinitiated reactions. The source is characterized by the rotational temperature (80±10 K) and translational temperature (&amp;lt;10 K) of HCl in the expansion. The photoinitiated reaction Cl+CH3OH is studied to illustrate the usefulness of this source. The design is easy to implement and should be effective for a wide range of reaction dynamics experiments requiring the coexpansion of reactive gases.
Paediatric knee anterolateral capsule does not contain a distinct ligament: analysis of histology, immunohistochemistry and gene expression (2020)

Controlled laboratory study.
N-linked carbohydrates in tyrosinase are required for its recognition by human MHC class II-restricted CD4+ T cells (2001)

Glycosylation of mammalian proteins is known to influence their intracellular trafficking, half life, and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. Rare instances of natural T cell epitopes dependent upon glycosylation for recognition have been described. We report here on human CD4(+) T lymphocyte cultures and clones from two melanoma patients that recognize the melanoma-associated Ag tyrosinase in the context of HLA-DR4 and -DR8. These T cells recognize tyrosinase, normally a heavily glycosylated molecule, when expressed constitutively in melanoma cells or in COS-7 transfectants pulsed as lysates onto autologous APC. However, these T cells fail to recognize tyrosinase expressed in bacteria, nor do they react with overlapping peptides covering full-length tyrosinase, suggesting a critical role for glycosylation in the processing and / or composition of the stimulatory epitopes. The requirement for glycosylation was demonstrated by the failure of tyrosinase-specific CD4(+) T cells to recognize tyrosinase synthesized in the presence of glycosylation inhibitors, or deglycosylated enzymatically. Site-directed mutagenesis of each of seven potential N-glycosylation sites showed that four sites were required to generate forms of tyrosinase that could be recognized by individual T cell clones. These data indicate that certain carbohydrate moieties are required for processing the tyrosinase peptides recognized by CD4(+) T cells. Post-translational modifications of human tumor-associated proteins such as tyrosinase could be a critical factor for the development of antitumor immune responses.
Positionally Defined, Binary Semiconductor Nanoparticles Synthesized by Scanning Probe Block Copolymer Lithography (2012)

We report the first method for synthesizing binary semiconductor materials by scanning probe block copolymer lithography (SPBCL) in desired locations on a surface. In this work, we utilize SPBCL to create polymer features containing a desired amount of Cd(2+), which is defined by the feature volume. When they are subsequently reacted in H(2)S in the vapor phase, a single CdS nanoparticle is formed in each block copolymer (BCP) feature. The CdS nanoparticles were shown to be both crystalline and luminescent. Importantly, the CdS nanoparticle sizes can be tuned since their diameters depend on the volume of the originally deposited BCP feature.
Diffraction properties of nonuniform dynamic volume gratings (1990)

Two-wave mixing (TWM) and dynamic volume gratings are an exciting area of research in nonlinear optics using nonlinear optical media (photorefractive crystals) for energy coupling and deflection purposes.
<title>Frequency Response Of The Thermal Lens</title> (1981)

In order to maximize the analytical performance of thermal lens calorimetry, it is useful to know the system frequency response which is formed from the product of the Fourier transform of the thermal lens impulse response with the frequency components of the excitation waveform. This result is used to describe the variation in the small signal response of double beam thermal lens calorimetry with chopping frequency. This information allows the evaluation of the trade-off between signal averaging rate and frequency roll-off to determine an optimal chopping frequency.
Effect of experimental DNA demethylation on phytohormones production and palatability of a clonal plant after induction via jasmonic acid (2020)

Many plant species protect themselves against herbivores through mechanical or chemical so‐called inducible defences (ID). These are regulated via a hormonal cascade which may be under epigenetic control and in which jasmonic acid (JA) plays a prominent role. In this study, we indirectly tested the role of DNA methylation in the production of ID and the synthesis of hormones involved in the ID signalling cascade. Using different intensities of 5‐azacytidine application, we aimed to produce plants of Trifolium repens with different levels of DNA methylation alteration. We then elicited the plants together with controls, i.e. plants with natural DNA methylation status, with JA and then indirectly recorded ID production in herbivore‐choice trials in which the leaves of plants with different DNA methylation statuses were provided to caterpillars of a generalist herbivore, Spodoptera littoralis . We also analysed the balance of several key defence hormones such as jasmonates, abscisic acid (ABA), indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) and salicylic acid in the plants. We found that the S. littoralis preferred demethylated plants over non‐demethylated controls. Demethylation also reduced production of JA, ABA and IAA. We conclude that DNA methylation modulates expression of ID likely via regulation of signalling hormones involved in the establishment of defence.
L-Shaped Resonant Microring (LRM) Filter with Integrated Thermal Tuner (2013)

A new filter, an L-Shaped Resonant Microring (LRM), is introduced in the application of a highly efficient (3.3-µW/GHz) thermal tuner that enables electrical contact while maintaining single-mode operation and a large 4-THz spur-free FSR.