gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
G × E interactions on yield and quality in Coffea arabica: new F1 hybrids outperform American cultivars (2020)

Abstract Conventional American cultivars of coffee are no longer adapted to global warming. Finding highly productive and stable cultivars in different environments without neglecting quality characteristics has become a priority for breeders. In this study, new Arabica F1 hybrids clones were compared to conventional American varieties in seven contrasting environments, for yield, rust incidence and volume of the canopy. The quality was assessed through size, weight of 100 beans, biochemical analysis (24 aroma precursors and 31 volatiles compounds) and sensory analysis. Conventional varieties were the least productive, producing 50% less than the best hybrid. The AMMI model analysis pointed out five hybrids as the most stable and productive. Two F1 hybrids clones, H1-Centroamericano and H16-Mundo Maya, were superior to the most planted American cultivar in Latin and Central America showing a high yield performance and stability performance. H1-Centroamerica and Starmaya contain more d -limonene than Caturra, while Starmaya contain more 3-methylbutanoic acid than the control. Those two latter volatiles compounds are linked with good cup quality in previous studies. In terms of sensory analysis, Starmaya and H1-Centroamericano scored better than control.
Enhanced Velocity Sensitivity in 4-D FMCW LiDAR by Use of Avalanche Photodiode with Cascaded Multiplication Layer (2023)

A 4-D FMCW LiDAR is demonstrated. In comparison to the traditional p-i-n PD in its receiver-side, the cascaded M-layers APDs provide a better quality of 4-D images with unprecedented high velocity- sensitivity (5µm/sec) for slow-moving objects.
Results and Implications of Large‐Scale DNA Sequencing (1999)

The authors know with certainty that much of this chapter will become obsolete in the time interval it takes to progress from completed manuscript to published textbook. This is truly an area where electronic rather than written communication must predominate. Hence, while a few examples of original projections of human genome project progress are given, and a few examples of actual progress are summarized, the emphasis is on principles that underlie the analysis of DNA sequence.
Microfabricated separation systems for integrated DNA analysis. (2001)

Despite huge strides made towards the development of microfabricated DNA separation systems, there are significant hurdles to the realization of small, portable DNA analysis systems. The design of microfabricated separation systems have been based more on heuristics, and less on a scientific understanding of the migration parameters and the factors influencing the resolution of separation. Most of the miniaturized separation systems developed, so far, use high electric fields to overcome the diffusion/dispersion of DNA fragments in the sieving medium, which hinders the use of battery operation. In addition, most of these devices require external optical readers thereby increasing the cost substantially, and diminishing the benefits of microfabrication. Finally, high-resolution separations tend to require long separation lengths that result in devices with a relatively large footprint. These limitations that have restricted the applicability of microfabricated devices to laboratory based settings. Upon establishing the feasibility of DNA separations in microfabricated devices, a detailed study of the migration of single stranded DNA under typical DNA sequencing conditions was performed. The implications of this study on the design of future separation systems was also explored. Based upon these studies, it appeared that polyacrylamide gels offered the possibility of realizing high-resolution separations in short separation lengths at low electric fields. Subsequently, techniques for the efficient loading of the sieving medium into the separation channels, and for injecting a defined amount of sample were developed. The use of these technologies for double stranded DNA separations in microfabricated separation systems was also demonstrated. Finally, an on-chip fluorescent detection system was developed, and used, to detect individual DNA bands migrating in a microfabricated electrophoretic device. Fluorescence-based detection of DNA bands was achieved by incorporating a highly sensitive photodiode beneath the electrophoresis channel along with a thin film optical filter deposited above the diode. The development of these techniques for loading the sieving medium, injecting the sample, and detecting the presence of fluorescently labeled moities, could significantly help accelerate the realization of integrated, portable 'lab-on-a-chip' systems.
Toxicity evaluation of dextran-spermine polycation as a tool for genetherapy in vitro (2010)

Cationic polymers are a leading class of nonviral self-assembled nucleic acid delivery systems. Cationic polymers have been shown to condence the DNA so that the entrapped DNA is protected from contact with DNase. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of cationic dextran on the proliferation rate, morphological changes and biosynthetic activities in vitro. Cationic dextran was prepared by means of reductive-amination between oxidized dextran and the natural oligoamine, spermine. Four kinds of biological evaluations including cell proliferation assay, ultrastructural changes of cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), acridine orange/Propidium Iodide and cell cycle were studied. Our results clearly indicated that the toxicity of cationic dextran is dose depended and it is not toxic at low concentration and tolerable by the cells, and it can be used as a tool for gene delivery.

	 

	Key words: Dextran-spermine, genetherapy, nonviral vectors, toxicity.
Treatment with a monoclonal antibody to IL-8 attenuates the pleocytosis in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rabbits when given intravenously, but not intracisternally (2000)

The role of interleukin (IL)-8 as mediator in the recruitment of leucocytes into the CSF was investigated during experimental pneumococcal meningitis. Rabbits were inoculated intracisternally with approximately 10(6) CFU Streptococcus pneumoniae, and treated (i) intravenously with 5 mg of a monoclonal antibody to IL-8 (n = 7) or 5 mg of an isotype control antibody (n = 6); (ii) intracisternally with anti-IL-8, 100 microg (n = 5), 10 microg (n = 4), 1 microg (n = 4), 0.1 microg (n = 2). Ten rabbits served as untreated control group. Intravenous treatment with anti-IL-8 attenuated the pleocytosis significantly compared to untreated rabbits (P < 0.04) or rabbits treated with an isotype control antibody (P < 0.02). In contrast, intracisternal treatment with anti-IL-8 failed to attenuate the pleocytosis (P > 0.05). These results show, that IL-8 plays an important role in the recruitment of leucocytes during experimental pneumococcal meningitis, and that the functional activity of IL-8 in this process appears to be on the bloodstream side of the microvascular endothelium of the brain.
Zur Pathogenese der Kohlenhydratstoffwechselstörung nach operativen Eingriffen (1973)

Postoperative Kohlenhydratstoffwechselstörungen in Form einer Hyperglykämie und Glukosurie sind seit langem bekannt. Der Ope-rationsstreβ führt zu einer Störung der Regelmechanismen der Blut-glukosehomöostase.Als Ursache der diabetischen Stoffwechsellage konnte eine Hem-mung der Insulinsekretion nachgewiesen werden. Auβerdem steigt das Wachstumshormon als insulinantagonistisches Hormon mit der stärksten diabetogenen Potenz an, und die insulinantagonistischen freien Fettsäuren sind ebenfalls unter der Streβsituation erhöht. In der postoperativen Phase nach intraabdominellen Eingriffen ist eine überschieβende glukosestimulierte Insulinsekretion nachweisbar. Der intraabdominelle Eingriff wird am Ausmaβ der metabolischen Veränderungen als der »schwerere« Eingriff im Vergleich zu Operationen an der Körperperipherie beurteilt. Die vorliegenden Unter -suchungsergebnisse könnten für die Prophylaxe und Therapie post-operativer und posttraumatischer Komplikationen von Bedeutung sein.
The Macrophage Inhibitor CNI-1493 Blocks Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Ewing Sarcoma through Inhibition of Extravasation (2015)

Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma carries a poor prognosis, and novel therapeutics to prevent and treat metastatic disease are greatly needed. Recent evidence demonstrates that tumor-associated macrophages in Ewing Sarcoma are associated with more advanced disease. While some macrophage phenotypes (M1) exhibit anti-tumor activity, distinct phenotypes (M2) may contribute to malignant progression and metastasis. In this study, we show that M2 macrophages promote Ewing Sarcoma invasion and extravasation, pointing to a potential target of anti-metastatic therapy. CNI-1493 is a selective inhibitor of macrophage function and has shown to be safe in clinical trials as an anti-inflammatory agent. In a xenograft mouse model of metastatic Ewing Sarcoma, CNI-1493 treatment dramatically reduces metastatic tumor burden. Furthermore, metastases in treated animals have a less invasive morphology. We show in vitro that CNI-1493 decreases M2-stimulated Ewing Sarcoma tumor cell invasion and extravasation, offering a functional mechanism through which CNI-1493 attenuates metastasis. These data indicate that CNI-1493 may be a safe and effective adjuvant agent for the prevention and treatment of metastatic Ewing Sarcoma.
Automatic Stroke Medical Ontology Augmentation with Standard Medical Terminology and Unstructured Textual Medical Knowledge (2021)

The need for medical ontology to provide stroke medical knowledge is increasing as much research has recently been conducted to predict stroke diseases using AI technology quickly. Medical ontology serves as a medical explanation of predictions in conjunction with methods of analysis using machine learning and deep learning to analyze clinical data obtained from the medical field, medical imaging devices (MRI, CT, ultrasound, etc.). However, the existing medical ontology focused on is-a relationships in taxonomy to define the classification system for diseases, symptoms, and anatomical structures. This medical ontology is insufficient to explain complex organic relationships to disease-symptom-body-patients, a knowledge structure for predicting disease. Furthermore, although professional standard terms exist in medicine, electronic medical records (EMR), electronic health records (EHR) medical professional books, and medical papers that use common terms to express professional are mostly unstructured forms. To overcome this limitation, in this paper, we propose a stroke medical ontology automatic augmentation method via unstructured text medical knowledge using the lowest instance-level medical term ontology and top-level schema-level medical ontology for stroke disease prediction through standard medical terms. The proposed method extracts and stores data in resource description framework (RDF) form with unstructured textual medical knowledge (medical papers, medical professional books), health data, and syntactic morphology analysis of clinical data, with instance-level ontologies capable of linking top-level schema to standard medical terminology ontologies such as the international classification diseases (ICD), systematized nomenclature of medicine - clinical terms (SNOMED-CT), and foundational model of anatomy (FMA). We also use a medical data-knowledge mapping DB that stores the frequency of extracted data torches for the abstraction of extracted RDF data.
Photoinactivation studies on adenosine deaminase (1998)

Abstract Reinvestigation of direct modification of histidine residues in calf intestine adenosin deaminase resulted in loss of the activity towards substrates as adenosine, 2′‐deoxyadenosine and 6‐hydroxyl‐aminopurin riboside. Photo‐oxidation of the enzyme in the presence of methylene blue led to a complete loss of enzymatic activity and the presence of inhibitors such as purin riboside, EHNA, coformycin, showed protection against methylene blue oxidation. Kinetic analysis of the inactivation by diethylpyrocarbonate, indicated that enzyme inactivation results from the modification of at most one essential histidine residue. Photoinactivation of adenosine deaminase from Aspergillus Orizae reduces the activity of the enzyme but the accessibility of histidine residues in the active site seems to be lower as compared to that shown from mammalian adenosine deaminase. The results obtained are in agreement with the important role played by the “bridge” between an enzyme histidine residue and the 5′‐OH of the ribose mojety of substrate in the transition state stabilization in the two enzymatic forms observed. Upon ultraviolet irradiation of calf intestine adenosine deaminase in the presence of 2,2,2‐thrichloroethanol, the trasformation of fluorescent tryptophan residues occurs with the reduced enzymatic catalytical activity and confirms the likely location of tryptophans near the binding site of the enzyme.
NOX Aftertreatment for Passenger Cars and Heavy Duty Truck Applications for EU 6 and EUVI/US2010 Legislation (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Due to the high percentage of NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; emissions generated by mobile vehicles, current and future legislation for NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; limits is of especially high importance for the automotive industry. In Europe those include not only the more stringent yearly averaged level for inner city NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions, but also a proposal of the EU parliament of a NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; limitation value for EU 6 legislation of 80 mg/km for passenger cars. In addition, a proposition of the EU commission for a NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; limitation value for Stage VI for heavy duty trucks of 400 mg/kWh is being discussed. In the US the requirements with US BIN 5 for passenger cars and US2010 for Heavy Duty Trucks are comparable.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;There is no doubt about the necessity of the usage of exhaust after treatment systems for NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; reduction in order to fulfil these requirements, however largely unclear are the technical details of systems capable to fulfil these requirements. Those usually are implemented into an area of conflict between costs, efficiency, space requirements, and fuel consumption/CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, special attention will be paid to the SCR-System consisting of the dosage and catalyst system. In addition it will be examined, which catalyst design and structure has a particular attribute regarding the target values costs, space, back-pressure and efficiency. Examinations on a synthetic gas reactor, motor test bench and the roller test bench were executed to define a SCR- System based on the metal substrates.&lt;/div&gt;
Advanced characterization of electrowetting retroreflectors (2009)

Electrowetting retroreflectors use a simple and scalable construction, and incorporate an electrically tunable liquid lenslet. By electrically modulating the lenslet geometry, the reflection is switched between retroreflection and scattering. In this paper, we report new capability and characterization, including higher index liquids and contrast ratio as a function of contact angle (theta(V)). The reflected intensity is also spatially profiled and reported as a function of view angle. A high contrast ratio of >16X is demonstrated, and methods for further improving performance are discussed. Because the electrowetting retroreflector platform is broad spectrum (VIS-IR), the electrowetting retroreflector may be useful for a large variety of naked eye applications such as safety markings, road-signage, or friend-foe-identification.
A Yeast Protein Possesses the DNA-Binding Properties of the Adenovirus Major Late Transcription Factor (1989)

The adenovirus major late transcription factor (MLTF), or upstream stimulatory factor, is a human promoter-specific transcription factor which recognizes the near-palindromic sequence GGCCACGTGACC (R. W. Carthew, L. A. Chodosh, and P. A. Sharp, Cell 43:439-448, 1985; L. A. Chodosh, R. W. Carthew, and P. A. Sharp, Mol. Cell. Biol. 6:4723-4733, 1986; M. Sawadogo and R. G. Roeder, Cell 43:165-175, 1985). We describe here a protein found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which possesses DNA-binding properties that are virtually identical to those of human MLTF. These two proteins recognize the same DNA-binding site, make the same purine nucleotide contacts, and are affected in the same manner by mutations in the MLTF-binding site.
Effect of Surface Hydrogen Contents on Hydrogen Embrittlement Properties of Stainless Steels (2006)

オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の水素脆化感受性を高圧水素ガス環境および陰極チャージ下での低ひずみ速度引張試験 (SSRT, Slow Strain Rate Testing) により調査し, その試験結果をSSRTと同環境において鋼材中に吸蔵される表面水素濃度で整理した. 水素脆化感受性は高圧水素ガス環境および陰極チャージに関わらず, 表面水素濃度で整理できた. 限界表面水素濃度は304L鋼では10ppm以下, 316L鋼では約100ppmであった. 316Lの限界値は45MPaの高圧水素ガス環境で鋼材中に吸蔵される水素濃度よりも高く, この結果は高圧水素ガス環境において316Lが十分な耐水素脆性を有することを示すと考えられた.
Broad and Efficient Control of Klebsiella Pathogens by Peptidoglycan-Degrading and Pore-Forming Bacteriocins Klebicins (2019)

Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the genus Klebsiella are important nosocomial pathogens, readily acquiring resistance to all known antibiotics. Bacteriocins, non-antibiotic antibacterial proteins, have been earlier proposed as potential therapeutic agents for control of other Gram-negative species such as Escherichia, Pseudomonas and Salmonella. This study is the first report describing pore-forming and peptidoglycan-degrading bacteriocins klebicins from Klebsiella. We have identified, cloned, expressed in plants and characterized nine pore-forming and peptidoglycan-degrading bacteriocins from different Klebsiella species. We demonstrate that klebicins can be used for broad and efficient control of 101 of the 107 clinical isolates representing five Klebsiella species, including multi-drug resistant pathovars and pathovars resistant to carbapenem antibiotics.
Atroposelective Synthesis of Axially Chiral N‐Arylpyrroles by Chiral‐at‐Rhodium Catalysis (2020)

Abstract A transformation of fluxional into configurationally stable axially chiral N‐arylpyrroles was achieved with a highly atroposelective electrophilic aromatic substitution catalyzed by a chiral‐at‐metal rhodium Lewis acid. Specifically, N‐arylpyrroles were alkylated with N‐acryloyl‐1 H ‐pyrazole electrophiles in up to 93 % yield and with up to &gt;99.5 % ee , and follow‐up conversions reveal the synthetic utility of this new method. DFT calculations elucidate the origins of the observed excellent atroposelectivity.
Biological Effects of Scattered Versus Scanned Proton Beams on Normal Tissues in Total Body Irradiated Mice: Survival, Genotoxicity, Oxidative Stress and Inflammation (2020)

Side effects of proton therapy are poorly studied. Moreover, the differences in the method of dose delivery on normal tissues are not taken into account when proton beams are scanned instead of being scattered. We proposed here to study the effects of both modalities of proton beam delivery on blood; skin; lung and heart in a murine model. In that purpose; C57BL/6 mice were total body irradiated by 190.6 MeV proton beams either by Double Scattering (DS) or by Pencil Beam Scanning (PBS) in the plateau phase before the Bragg Peak. Mouse survival was evaluated. Blood and organs were removed three months after irradiation. Biomarkers of genotoxicity; oxidative stress and inflammation were measured. Proton irradiation was shown to increase lymphocyte micronucleus frequency; lung superoxide dismutase activity; erythrocyte and skin glutathione peroxidase activity; erythrocyte catalase activity; lung; heart and skin oxidized glutathione level; erythrocyte and lung lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte protein carbonylation even 3 months post-irradiation. When comparing both methods of proton beam delivery; mouse survival was not different. However, PBS significantly increased lymphocyte micronucleus frequency; erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity and heart oxidized glutathione level compared to DS. These results point out the necessity to take into account the way of delivering dose in PT as it could influence late side effects.
Activation and desensitization of embryonic‐like receptor channels in mouse muscle by acetylcholine concentration steps. (1992)

1. Pulses of acetylcholine (ACh) in concentrations between 0.1 and 1000 microM were applied repetitively to outside-out patches of enzymatically denervated (14 days) mouse muscle with the liquid filament switch. Solutions superfusing the patch could be changed rapidly (within 0.2 ms). 2. Single-channel activity was studied under steady-state conditions in the outside-out and in the cell-attached mode. The single-channel conductance was 26 pS in outside-out patches, characteristic for embryonic-like channels. Apparent mean open time was about 2.5 ms, a shorter component of closed times was 800 microseconds and burst length was about 5 ms. 3. Channel currents elicited by pulses of ACh were averaged. The time-to-peak current was concentration dependent and decreased from a level of about 10 ms below 10 microM to about 400 microseconds at 100 microM-ACh. 4. For a typical experiment, the average peak current, imax, increased from -0.4 pA with 0.1 microM to -82 pA with 1000 microM-ACh, close to the value at saturation. The half-maximal response was at 60 microM-ACh. The dose-response curves for imax had double-logarithmic slopes of 1.1-1.3, consistent with two binding sites at the embryonic nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). 5. The current elicited by ACh pulses decreased rapidly after the peak. The time constant of desensitization increased from 20-50 ms with 1000 microM-ACh to up to more than a second with 1 microM-ACh. 6. The current in steady state (fully desensitized) increased up to 10 microM-ACh, but decreased slightly to values of imax/100 to imax/500 when higher concentrations were applied. 7. In addition to the well-known differences between adult and embryonic nAChR concerning the apparent mean open time and burst length, we found differences in the slope of the dose-response curve for imax, in the ratio of peak to steady-state response, and in the rise time of the response.
Multimode Topology Morphing Control of Impedance Control Network Resonant DC-DC Converters (2018)

This paper introduces a multimode control approach for output voltage regulation in impedance control network (ICN) resonant dc-dc converters, in which the rectifier of the ICN converter dynamically alternates between full-bridge and half-bridge topologies. The proposed control approach allows the ICN converter to maintain soft-switching across power levels, while substantially reducing input and output capacitance requirements and improving partial-power efficiencies compared to the conventional burst mode (on/off) control. These performance enhancements are analytically evaluated and quantified for an example ICN converter design. A closed-loop control architecture for the proposed multimode topology morphing is also introduced, which ensures smooth mode transitions while regulating output voltage across input voltage and load transients. A prototype 1-MHz, 120-W step-down ICN resonant converter designed for an input voltage range of 18 V to 36 V, an output voltage of 12 V, and a 10:1 output power range is built and tested. Compared to burst mode control, the topology morphing control reduces the output capacitance requirement in the prototype ICN converter by 57% and reduces converter losses at partial power levels by up to 46.5%, validating the analytical predictions. The prototype converter is also tested under closed-loop control, and is shown to successfully regulate its output voltage with smooth mode transitions in the face of input voltage and load variations.