gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of posterior medial meniscocapsular lesions on tibiofemoral joint laxity with ACL deficiency and reconstruction (2017)

Introduction: Injury to the posterior medial meniscocapsular junction (the ‘ramp’ lesion) occurs at the time of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture (10-24% of cases); however there is a lack of objective evidence investigating how this affects knee kinematics. It is often missed when viewed arthroscopically from the front of the medial compartment as it can only be seen with the arthroscope in the posteromedial recess. Objectives: To investigate the biomechanical impact of the ‘ramp lesion’ on the ACL deficient and ACL reconstructed knee and the impact of suture repair of the lesion on the same knee states. Methods: Nine fresh frozen cadaveric knees were mounted in a 6 degrees of freedom rig where knee kinematics were recorded at 10° intervals from 0°-100° using an optical tracking system. Measurements were recorded using the following loading conditions: 90 N anterior and posterior tibial forces, 5 Nm internal and external tibial rotation torques, and a combined 90 N anterior tibial force and 5 Nm external tibial rotation torque. Manual Rolimeter readings of anterior translation were taken at 30° and 90°. The knees were tested in the following order: (1) intact, (2) ACL deficient, (3) ACL deficient + posterior meniscocapsule sectioned, (4) ACL deficient + posterior meniscocapsule repaired, (5) ACL patellar tendon reconstruction with posterior meniscocapsule repair and (6) ACL reconstructed + capsular lesion re-created. Statistical analysis was undertaken using repeated-measures ANOVA and post-hoc paired t-tests with Bonferonni correction. Results: Tibial anterior translation and external rotational laxities were both significantly increased compared to the ACL deficient knee following posterior meniscocapsular sectioning ( P &lt; 0.05). These were both restored following ACL reconstruction and meniscocapsular lesion repair ( P &gt; 0.05). Significant changes in anterior tibial translation between the different knee states were identified with the Rolimeter, indicating these changes are clinically detectable ( P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Anterior and external rotational laxities were significantly increased after mimicking the ‘ramp lesion’ by sectioning of the posteromedial meniscocapsular junction in an ACL-deficient knee. These were not restored after ACL reconstruction alone but were restored with ACL reconstruction combined with posterior meniscocapsular repair. Tibial anterior translation changes were clinically detectable by use of the Rolimeter. This study suggests that unrepaired posteromedial meniscocapsular lesions will allow abnormal meniscal and tibiofemoral laxity to persist postoperatively, predisposing the knee to meniscal and articular damage but also adding avoidable extra strain on an ACL graft, which may yield.
HybridSim: A Modeling and Co-simulation Toolchain for Cyber-physical Systems (2013)

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) involve communication networks, computation algorithms, control systems and physical systems. Many CPS, such as Smart Buildings, are subject to very expensive deployment costs and complex network interactions. Thus comprehensive modeling and simulation of such systems are crucial to ensure that they function as intended before deployment. Given the multi-domain nature of CPS, it is more appropriate to use a heterogeneous simulation environment to study system dynamics. In this paper, we design and implement an integrated modeling and co-simulation tool chain, called HybridSim, for the design and simulation of CPS. Firstly, HybridSim can transform and import existing system components from multi-domains into SysML, which enables systems engineers to design CPS with only these imported SysML blocks. Secondly, HybridSim can generate Functional Mock-up Units (FMUs) and configuration scripts directly from SysML designs. Finally, HybridSim can co-simulate these FMUs according to the Functional Mock-up Interface standard to synchronize their corresponding simulators and exchange information between them. We demonstrate the convenience and efficiency of HybridSim using a comprehensive hydronic heating system model for Smart Buildings as the case study to investigate the impact of packet loss and sampling rate introduced by the communication network.
Integrated genomic correlates of response to PD-1 inhibitor nivolumab in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). (2016)

545 Background: Nivolumab (nivo) is a programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor that has recently been shown to increase overall survival in patients with mRCC. The association between benefit from nivo with neoantigen load, mutation load and signatures of immune infiltration has yet to be explored in mRCC. Methods: Publicly available whole exomes (WES) and whole transcriptomes (RNA-seq) from over 300 clear-cell RCC patients in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed for mutational load, neoantigen load and expression of immune-related genes. HLA types were inferred from WES with Polysolver and neoantigens were predicted from somatic nonsynonymous mutations with NetMHCpan3.2. The same analysis pipeline was applied to paired pre-treatment germline and metastatic tumor specimens from 9 patients who received nivo for mRCC: 3 responders (CR or PR by RECIST; R) and 6 non-responders (SD or PD by RECIST; NR), all with available pre-nivo fresh biopsies of metastatic lesions. Matched RNA-seq was available on a subset of these patient samples (3 R, 3 NR). Results: Across the TCGA and nivo-treated patients cohorts, RCC had relatively few nonsynonymous mutations and neoantigens. Among the nivo-treated patients, neoantigen load was significantly higher in NR compared to R (p = 0.048), but nonsynonymous mutation load was not. An exceptional R who experienced CR (PFS &gt; 30 months) had outlying higher expression of selected immune-related genes compared to the 8 other patient samples (p &lt; 0.05 for PD-L1, PD-L2; p &lt; 0.01 for CTLA4, PD-1, PRF1; p &lt; 0.001 for GZMA, BTLA, CD8A), and was in the top 1-5% of expression of these genes among all TCGA data. Bootstrapping analysis comparing mean expression in R vs NR compared to an empirical distribution of TCGA RNA-seq data showed significantly higher expression of PD-1, PD-L1, GZMA, LAG3, IDO1, ICOS, and BTLA in R vs. NR (p &lt; 0.05). No genes were enriched for nonsynonymous mutations in R or NR. Conclusions: This analysis suggests that both DNA- and RNA-level data may be relevant for explaining clinical benefit from nivo in mRCC. In contrast with results from other tumor types, responders to nivo did not have more mutated tumors, though immune-related gene expression may be related to response.
A Signal Processing System for Underwater Acoustic ROV Communication (2005)

A high performance system for communication with untethered underwater vehicles is presented. The system is centered around multiple digital processors which perform a variety of signal processing tasks. The processors are combined into an array using a flexible architecture designed for communication processing. A basic system has been tested at 5 kbit/sec over the Rayleigh-fading multipath channel in Woods Hole harbor. To combat the deleterious effects of the fluctuating ocean channel, a series of algorithms designed to produce low error-rate communication is being implemented on the array. The processing elements are INMOS T800 transputers and the number of transputers may be selected at deployment time to meet the requirements of a particular task. The result is a powerful and flexible architecture for underwater acoustic communication.
An Anatomical Atlas-Based Scaling Study for Quantifying Muscle and Hip Joint Contact Forces in Above and Through-Knee Amputees Using Validated Musculoskeletal Modelling (2021)

This study provides robust tools to perform accurate analyses of musculoskeletal mechanics for high-functioning lower limb military amputees, thus facilitating the further understanding and improvement of the amputee's function. The atlas is available in an open source repository.
Progress on Tooling by 3D Printing; Conformal Cooling, Dimensional Control, Surface Finish and Hardness (2018)

Three Dimensional Printing is being applied to the direct fabrication of tooling using metal&#13;\npowders. This paper presents progress updates in four areas: i) thermal management using&#13;\nconformal cooling and related work on enhanced heat transfer using surface textures, ii) data on&#13;\ndimensional control, iii) ) improvements in surface finish, and iv) harder tooling.&#13;\nConformal cooling has demonstrated significantly improved performance in a production part&#13;\ngeometry with simultaneous gains in production rate and part quality obtained as measured against&#13;\nconventional tooling. Surface textures printed on cooling channels have demonstrated 8X&#13;\nenhancement of heat transfer over smooth channels.&#13;\nA set of 18 tooling inserts was fabricated using hardenable stainless steel powder with a&#13;\nresultant tooling hardness of 25-30 Rockwell C. Harder alloy systems are being designed with the&#13;\naid of computational thermodynamic tools which allow accurate prediction of the interaction of&#13;\npowder and binder. Significant improvements in surface finish were obtained using improved&#13;\nprinting technology. Dimensional control of tools conformed well to the expected result of being&#13;\ndominated by control of shrinkage and being predictable to within ±.25%.
115/spl deg/C, 12.5-Gb/s direct modulation of 1.3-/spl mu/m InGaAlAs-MQW RWG DFB laser with notch-free grating structure for datacom applications (2003)

Direct modulation at 12.5 Gb/s of 1.3-/spl mu/m DFB RWG lasers with low-resistance notch-free gratings running at 115/spl deg/C is experimentally demonstrated, for the first time. Moreover, 10-Gb/s modulated transmission over 30 km at 115/spl deg/C was achieved.
Performance enhancement of blue light-emitting diodes with InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells grown on Si substrates by inserting thin AlGaN interlayers (2016)

We have grown blue light-emitting diodes (LEDs) having InGaN/GaN multi-quantum wells (MQWs) with thin AlyGa1−yN (0 &amp;lt; y &amp;lt; 0.3) interlayers on Si(111) substrates. It was found by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy observations and three-dimensional atom probe analysis that 1-nm-thick interlayers with an AlN mole fraction of less than y = 0.3 were continuously formed between GaN barriers and InGaN wells, and that the AlN mole fraction up to y = 0.15 could be consistently controlled. The external quantum efficiency of the blue LED was enhanced in the low-current-density region (≤45 A/cm2) but reduced in the high-current-density region by the insertion of the thin Al0.15Ga0.85N interlayers in the MQWs. We also found that reductions in both forward voltage and wavelength shift with current were achieved by inserting the interlayers even though the inserted AlGaN layers had potential higher than that of the GaN barriers. The obtained peak wall-plug efficiency was 83% at room temperature. We suggest that the enhanced electroluminescence (EL) performance was caused by the introduction of polarization-induced hole carriers in the InGaN wells on the side adjacent to the thin AlGaN/InGaN interface and efficient electron carrier transport through multiple wells. This model is supported by temperature-dependent EL properties and band-diagram simulations. We also found that inserting the interlayers brought about a reduction in the Shockley-Read-Hall nonradiative recombination component, corresponding to the shrinkage of V-defects. This is another conceivable reason for the observed performance enhancement.
Action at a Distance: Lengthening Adhesion Bonds with Poly(ethylene glycol) Spacers Enhances Mechanically Stressed Affinity for Improved Vascular Targeting of Microparticles (2009)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chains were used to decorate microparticles with long adhesion ligands to emulate the efficacy of selectin-mediated leukocyte homing mechanisms. Ligands for P-selectin, an endothelial cell inflammatory marker, were coupled to PEG spacers of two sizes (MW 3400 and 10,000 Da) to investigate the effects on adhesion kinetics to P-selectin substrates. Under shear flow 80 nm PEG spacers improved P-selectin-antibody adhesion frequency by up to 4.5-fold and bond lifetimes by 7-fold compared to microparticles bearing chemisorbed antibody. Presentation of the glycosulfopeptide P-selectin ligands (2-GSP-6) and its nonsulfated low affinity form (2-GP-6) by long PEG spacers led to improved lifetimes of stressed bonds formed with P-selectin in shear flow and the rolling fluxes. Thus, structural features far removed from the binding pocket of a receptor that increase molecular contour length may enhance affinity in mechanically stressed environments such as those existing within the confines of the blood vessel. Such features may be useful for improving the performance of vascular-targeted micro- and nanoparticles used for drug, gene, and image contrast delivery. Ligand presentation on molecularly extended stalks may also serve to enhance any particle-surface interaction that takes place in laminar shear flow.
Fundamentals of Surface Adhesion, Friction, and Lubrication (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Basic Concepts Adhesion and Contact Mechanics Friction Rolling Friction Lubrication Wear Real Contact Area Modern Tools in Tribology Computer Simulations in Tribology Acknowledgment References
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationships of β- and α-Piperidine Sulfone Hydroxamic Acid Matrix Metalloproteinase Inhibitors with Oral Antitumor Efficacy (2005)

alpha-Piperidine-beta-sulfone hydroxamate derivatives were explored that are potent for matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2, -9, and -13 and are sparing of MMP-1. The investigation of the beta-sulfones subsequently led to the discovery of hitherto unknown alpha-sulfone hydroxamates that are superior to the corresponding beta-sulfones in potency for target MMPs, selectivity vs MMP-1, and exposure when dosed orally. alpha-Piperidine-alpha-sulfone hydroxamate 35f (SC-276) was advanced through antitumor and antiangiogenesis assays and was selected for development. Compound 35f demonstrates excellent antitumor activity vs MX-1 breast tumor in mice when dosed orally as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel.
Interferometric orbital angular momentum mode multiplexer/demultiplexer based on pairs of cylindrical lenses (2015)

A novel interferometric configuration for orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode multiplexing/demultiplexing, based on the image transformation property of pairs of cylindrical lenses and without any splitting loss, is proposed. The effectiveness in mode demultiplexing has been experimentally proven by performing bit error rate measurements for a 20 Gbit/s mode division multiplexing communication system where two modes with different values of OAM, corresponding to the angular indices l = 0 and 1, respectively, are transmitted.
Chapter 8. Polymeric Nanoparticles and Cancer: Lessons Learnt from CRLX101 (2016)

CRLX101 (formerly IT-101) is a novel cyclodextrin-based polymer that self-assembles into nanoparticles. CRLX101 is covalently conjugated to the hydrophobic topoisomerase 1 (TOP1)-inhibitor camptothecin (CPT) resulting in stabilized structure and increased water solubility. Extensive preclinical studies of CRLX101 demonstrated delayed renal clearance and a prolonged plasma half-life. The nanoparticle passively accumulates in tumour tissue through the enhanced permeability and retention effect and slowly releases active CPT leading to enhanced TOP1 inhibition, potential hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) effect, cancer stem cell targeting, and increased antitumour activity against multiple human tumour xenografts. More than 200 human cancer patients have been treated with CRLX101 in phase I/IIa and phase II clinical trials. In this chapter we explore a wide range of anti-cancer nanotherapeutic strategies to inhibit TOP1, HIF-1α and cancer stem cells. Moreover, we discuss the therapeutic value of combining HIF-1α inhibition with antiangiogenics. Finally, we return to CRLX101 and cover in detail the latest preclinical and clinical evaluations and discuss future directions.
Effect of tunicamycin and cycloheximide on the secretion of acid hydrolases from I-cell cultured fibroblasts (1980)

I-cell cultures fibroblasts secrete excessive amounts of N-acetyl-beta-D-hexosaminidase and alpha-L-fucosidase into the culture media as compared with normal fibroblasts. Addition of tunicamycin or cyd [14C]leucine (40--50%) into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material decreased the secretion of these I-cell hydrolases to normal values within 24 h, but had no effect on the secretion of acid hydrolases from normal fibroblasts. These results indicate that I-cell cultured fibroblasts secrete at least two types of acid hydrolases: one is tunicamycin- and cycloheximide-sensitive and constitutes the greater proportion of the secreted hydrolases, and a smaller proportion is insensitive to tunicamycin and cycloheximide, similar t9 the acid hydrolases secreted by normal cultured fibroblasts.
A New Labdane Diterpene from the Flowers of Solidago canadensis (2008)

A new labdane diterpene, 9α,16ξ-dihydroxy-6-oxo-7,13-labdadien-15,16-olide (solicanolide, 1) and six known compounds identified as quercetin (2), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (3, neochlorogenic acid), 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (4, chlorogenic acid), 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6) and 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (7) were isolated from the flowers of Solidago canadensis. To our knowledge, compound 7 was isolated for the first time in S. canadensis. This work describes the isolation of compounds 1—7 and the structure elucidation of a new compound identified as compound 1. Solicanolide (1) showed cytotoxic activity against A549 (IC50: 13±2 μM), DLD-1 (IC50: 26±2 μM) and WS1 (IC50: 17±1 μM) cell lines.
Synthesis and Properties of CurNQ for the Theranostic Application in Ovarian Cancer Intervention (2020)

Synthesis of a novel theranostic molecule for targeted cancer intervention. A reaction between curcumin and lawsone was carried out to yield the novel curcumin naphthoquinone (CurNQ) molecule (2,2'-((((1E,3Z,6E)-3-hydroxy-5-oxohepta-1,3,6-triene-1,7-diyl) bis(2-methoxy-4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))bis(naphthalene-1,4-dione). CurNQ's structure was elucidated and was fully characterized. CurNQ was demonstrated to have pH specific solubility, its saturation solubility increased from 11.15 µM at pH 7.4 to 20.7 µM at pH 6.8. This pH responsivity allows for cancer targeting (Warburg effect). Moreover, CurNQ displayed intrinsic fluorescence, thus enabling imaging and detection applications. In vitro cytotoxicity assays demonstrated the chemotherapeutic properties of CurNQ as CurNQ reduced cell viability to below 50% in OVCAR-5 and SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines. CurNQ is a novel theranostic molecule for potential targeted cancer detection and treatment.
The Study of Inhibitor Performance in Multiphase Flow Using Electrochemical Noise Measurement (2002)

Abstract This paper presents the experimental results for CO2 corrosion of C-1018 carbon steel in slug flow of Froude number 12 using electrochemical noise measurements. The voltage and current noise signals are continuously collected during a 4-hour exposure period so that detail information about the corrosion process is obtained. The noise resistance shows a decrease in corrosion rate during the first hour and keeps relatively constant in the rest of the time. During the first hour when inhibitor and corrosion product films are established, localized corrosion is observed 3 times and lasts about 80s each time. This may be due to the breakdown of films and inhomogeneity of electrode surface caused by the bubble collapse and high shear stress in slug flow.
3D optical data storage using third-harmonic generation in silver zinc phosphate glass (2008)

We demonstrate the possibility of 3D optical data storage inside a zinc phosphate glass containing silver by using third-harmonic generation imaging. Information is stored inside the glass below the refractive index modification threshold.
Field-Directed Diffusion of Charged Lipids in Supported Membranes for Spatially Addressed Microarrays (2012)

We demonstrated the field-directed diffusion of charged phospholipids in supported bilayer membranes into distributed partitions in a diffusion cell. The balance between the field-induced drift and the thermal Brownian motion generates the concentration gradient of the charged lipids from partition to partition under an external electric field applied longitudinal to the partition walls. The concentration gradient across the partitions was found to primarily depend on the pore width and the distance between the pore and the partition wall. Our field-directed diffusion approach provides a powerful tool for constructing various spatially addressed membrane arrays.
Recombinant tumor necrosis factor can induce interleukin 2 receptor expression and cytolytic activity in a rat × mouse T cell hybrid (1987)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), an endotoxin-induced macrophage monokine, is known for its cytotoxic and cytostatic effect on some tumor cell lines. Here we show that highly purified recombinant TNF, in combination with interleukin 2 (IL2), can induce IL2 receptor expression and cytolytic activity in a rat x mouse T cell hybrid (PC60). Previously, it was shown that IL1 had a similar effect on PC60 cells. The ability of TNF to co-induce IL2 receptor expression suggests that it may play a role in the activation of certain lymphoid effector cells. This observation augments the growing list of biological activities attributed to TNF.
Antibacterial and In Vivo Studies of a Green, One-Pot Preparation of Copper/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Coated Bandages (2021)

Simultaneous water and ethanol-based synthesis and coating of copper and zinc oxide (CuO/ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) on bandages was carried out by ultrasound irradiation. High resolution-transmission electron microscopy demonstrated the effects of the solvent on the particle size and shape of metal oxide NPs. An antibacterial activity study of metal-oxide-coated bandages was carried out against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (Gram-positive) and <i>Escherichia coli</i> (Gram-negative). CuO NP-coated bandages made from both water and ethanol demonstrated complete killing of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>E. coli</i> bacteria within 30 min., whereas ZnO NP-coated bandages demonstrated five-log reductions in viability for both kinds of bacteria after 60 min of interaction. Further, the antibacterial mechanism of CuO/ZnO NP-coated bandages is proposed here based on electron spin resonance studies. Nanotoxicology investigations were conducted via in vivo examinations of the effect of the metal-oxide bandages on frog embryos (teratogenesis assay-<i>Xenopus</i>). The results show that water-based coatings resulted in lesser impacts on embryo development than the ethanol-based ones. These bandages should therefore be considered safer than the ethanol-based ones. The comparison between the toxicity of the metal oxide NPs prepared in water and ethanol is of great importance, because water will replace ethanol for bulk scale synthesis of metal oxide NPs in commercial companies to avoid further ignition problems. The novelty and importance of this manuscript is avoiding the ethanol in the typical water:ethanol mixture as the solvent for the preparation of metal oxide NPs. Ethanol is ignitable, and commercial companies are trying the evade its use. This is especially important these days, as the face mask produced by sonochemistry (SONOMASK) is being sold all over the world by SONOVIA, and it is coated with ZnO.