gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SrI 2 : a novel scintillator crystal for nuclear isotope identifiers (2008)

The growth and scintillating properties of undoped and Eu<sup>2+</sup> doped Strontium Iodide indicate excellent potential for gamma ray spectroscopy. Energy resolution at 662 keV was found to be as good as 2.7% at 662 keV. The effect of purification by zone refining was also studied and crystal growth of SrI<sub>2</sub> by the Bridgman technique was found to be less subject to cracking compared to the growth of lanthanum halide scintillators.
New Limits on the Drift of Fundamental Constants from Laboratory Measurements (2004)

We have remeasured the absolute 1S-2S transition frequency nu(H) in atomic hydrogen. A comparison with the result of the previous measurement performed in 1999 sets a limit of (-29+/-57) Hz for the drift of nu(H) with respect to the ground state hyperfine splitting nu(Cs) in 133Cs. Combining this result with the recently published optical transition frequency in 199Hg+ against nu(Cs) and a microwave 87Rb and 133Cs clock comparison, we deduce separate limits on alpha/alpha=(-0.9+/-2.9) x 10(-15) yr(-1) and the fractional time variation of the ratio of Rb and Cs nuclear magnetic moments mu(Rb)/mu(Cs) equal to (-0.5+/-1.7) x 10(-15) yr(-1). The latter provides information on the temporal behavior of the constant of strong interaction.
Quantum theory of single-photon nonlinearities generated by ensembles of emitters (2023)

The achievement of sufficiently fast interactions between two optical fields at the few-photon level would provide a key enabler for a broad range of quantum technologies. One critical hurdle in this endeavor is the lack of a comprehensive quantum theory of the generation of nonlinearities by ensembles of emitters. Distinct approaches applicable to different regimes have yielded important insights: i) a semiclassical approach reveals that, for many-photon coherent fields, the contributions of independent emitters add independently allowing ensembles to produce strong optical nonlinearities via EIT; ii) a quantum analysis has shown that in the few-photon regime collective coupling effects prevent ensembles from inducing these strong nonlinearities. Rather surprisingly, experimental results with around twenty photons are in line with the semi-classical predictions. Theoretical analysis has been fragmented due to the difficulty of treating nonlinear many-body quantum systems. Here we are able to solve this problem by constructing a powerful theory of the generation of optical nonlinearities by single emitters and ensembles. The key to this construction is the application of perturbation theory to perturbations generated by subsystems. This theory reveals critical properties of ensembles that have long been obscure. The most remarkable of these is the discovery that quantum effects prevent ensembles generating single-photon nonlinearities only within the rotating-wave regime; outside this regime single-photon nonlinearities scale as the number of emitters. The theory we present here also provides an efficient way to calculate nonlinearities for arbitrary multi-level driving schemes, and we expect that it will prove a powerful foundation for further advances in this area.
A constitutive model for the forces of a magnetic bearing including eddy currents (1993)

A multiple magnet bearing can be developed from N individual electromagnets. The constitutive relationships for a single magnet in such a bearing is presented. Analytical expressions are developed for a magnet with poles arranged circumferencially. Maxwell's field equations are used so the model easily includes the effects of induced eddy currents due to the rotation of the journal. Eddy currents must be included in any dynamic model because they are the only speed dependent parameter and may lead to a critical speed for the bearing. The model is applicable to bearings using attraction or repulsion.
Immune Intervention Strategies against Tuberculosis (2014)

Compared to most other infectious diseases, 10 million new cases of active tuberculosis (TB) annually is a horrifyingly high death rate. However, of the 2 billion individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a mere 10% of infections transform into active TB disease. These comparisons also illustrate the effectiveness of naturally acquired immunity in containing M. tuberculosis, thus preventing TB disease outbreak. Immunity induced by chronic M. tuberculosis infection as well as immunity induced by vaccination, however, has to be long lived. Delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) measures the encounter of the immune system with M. tuberculosis and hence cannot distinguish between latently infected individuals and patients with active TB disease. Novel vaccine strategies aim at either boosting bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine in children, boosting BCG later in adolescents, or replacing BCG with novel live vaccines such as genetically modified strains of BCG (rBCG), or attenuated strains of M. tuberculosis. DNA vaccines are easy to make and have the obvious advantage that they can be administered without the need for adjuvants. After injection, the DNA is introduced into host cells, which present the antigen in the context of MHC class I molecules, or they release the antigen, which is then engulfed, processed, and presented in the context of MHC class I by macrophages and DCs. Envisaging of highly speculative immune intervention strategies blocks PD ligand (PD-L)/programmed death 1 (PD-1) signaling, thus leading to T-cell exhaustion. This could prevent or at least delay outbreak of TB in latently infected individuals.
Dual Stack Hosts using the "Bump-In-the-Stack" Technique (BIS) (2010)

This document describes the Bump-In-the-Stack (BIS) host based
protocol translation mechanism that allows applications supporting
only one IP address family to communicate with peers that are
reachable or supporting only the other address family. Furthermore,
this technology avoids need for unnecessary double protocol
translation in the case where destination is dual-stack enabled. This
specification addresses scenarios where a host is provided dual stack,
IPv6 only or IPv4 only network connectivity. In the dual stack network
case, single address family applications in the host will communicate
directly with other hosts reachable with the same address family. In
the case of IPv6 only network or IPv6 only destination,
IPv4-originated communications have to be be translated into IPv6.
IPv6 communications may have to translated similarly to IPv4. In the
scenario of single address family access network, but dual-stack
destination, network based translation is always avoided. Technically,
the BIS-enabled host resolves both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses of the
destination and behaves according to received responses.
Documentation of an AIDS Virus Infection in the United States in 1968 (1988)

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was first recognized as a clinical entity in the United States in the early 1980s; however, the issue of when human immunodeficiency virus, the causative agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, was introduced into at-risk populations in the United States is unresolved. Previously, we reported the case study of a 15-year-old black male who was admitted to St Louis City Hospital in 1968 for extensive lymphedema of the genitalia and lower extremities. Chlamydial organisms were widely disseminated and isolated from numerous body fluids and organs. Over a 16-month clinical course his condition progressively deteriorated, and at autopsy there was widespread Kaposi's sarcoma of the aggressive, disseminated type. Recently performed Western blot and antigen capture assays on serum and autopsy tissue specimens frozen since 1969 have disclosed that this sexually active teenager was infected with a virus closely related or identical to human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The clinical and immunologic findings together suggest that an immunosuppressive retrovirus existed in the United States before the late 1970s.
Improving form-based data entry with image snippets (2013)

This paper describes Snippets, a novel method for improving computerized data entry from paper forms. Using computer vision techniques, Snippets segments an image of the form into small snippets that each contain the content for a single form field. Data entry is performed by looking at the snippets on the screen and typing values directly on the same screen. We evaluated Snippets through a controlled user study in Seattle, Washington, USA, comparing the performance of Snippets on desktop and mobile platforms to the baseline method of reading the form and manually entering the data. Our results show that Snippets improved the speed of data entry by an average of 28.3 % on the desktop platform and 10.8% on the mobile platform without any detectable loss of accuracy. In addition, findings from a preliminary field study with five participants in Bangalore, India support these empirical results. We conclude that Snippets is an efficient and practical method that could be widely used to aid data entry from paper forms.
Minimum Impurity Partitions (1992)

Let $(X, U)$ be jointly distributed on $\mathscr{X} \times \mathscr{R}^n$. Let $Y = E(U\mid X)$ and let $\mathscr{U}$ be the convex hull of the range of $U$. Let $C: \mathscr{X} \rightarrow \mathscr{C} = \{1,2,\ldots,k\}, k \geq 1$, induce a measurable $k$ way partition $\{\mathscr{X}_1,\ldots,\mathscr{X}_k\}$ of $\mathscr{X}$. Define the impurity of $\mathscr{X}_c = C^{-1}(c)$ to be $\phi(c, E(U\mid C(X) = c))$, where $\phi: \mathscr{C} \times \mathscr{U} \rightarrow \mathscr{R}^1$ is a concave function in its second argument. Define the impurity $\Psi$ of the partition as the average impurity of its members: $\Psi(C) = E\phi(C(X), E(U\mid C(X))$. We show that for any $C: \mathscr{X} \rightarrow \mathscr{C}$ there exists a mapping $\tilde{C}: \mathscr{U} \rightarrow \mathscr{C}$, such that $\Psi(\tilde{C}(Y)) \leq \Psi(C)$ and such that $\tilde{C}^{-1}(c)$ is convex, that is, for each $i, j \in C, i \neq j$, there exists a separating hyperplane between $\tilde{C}^{-1}(i)$ and $\tilde{C}^{-1}(j)$. This generalizes some results in statistics and information theory. Suitable choices of $U$ and $\phi$ lead to optimal partitions of simple form useful in the construction of classification trees and multidimensional regression trees.
Iterative packing for demand matching and sparse packing. (2011)

The presence of ANAs was not associated with adverse pregnancy outcome. Therefore routine patient testing for ANAs in an obstetric high-care unit is not recommended.
Phosphocholine-substituted 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron(II): oxygen carrier under physiological conditions (1985)

A novel and amphiphilic 5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinatoiron complex substituted with phosphocholine groups, 5,10,15,20-tetra{α,α,α,α-o-[2′,2′-dimethyl-20′-(2″-trimethylammonioethyl phosphonatoxy)eicosanamido]phenyl}porphyrinatoiron(II)(lipid-heme), has been synthesized. The lipid-heme formed a stable liposome with a phospholipid. The liposomal lipid-heme reversibly bound oxygen in neutral aqueous media at 37 °C, and its oxygen-binding rate and affinity were similar to those of red blood cells.
In vitro and in vivo pathogenicity of Plesiomonas shigelloides (1987)

Epidemiologic evidence suggests that Plesiomonas shigelloides is an enteric pathogen. We conducted in vitro, animal, and volunteer studies on P. shigelloides isolates from patients with diarrhea. Five strains gave a negative keratoconjunctivitis reaction in guinea pigs and did not invade HeLa cells. Genetic probes for heat-stable enterotoxins related to those of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and for gene sequences common to the invasiveness plasmids of Shigella spp. and enteroinvasive E. coli were negative. Heat-labile enterotoxins were not found when a modified GM1-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used. Rabbits did not develop diarrhea but were transiently colonized when inoculated with up to 10(11) P. shigelloides CFU using the reversible intestinal tie adult rabbit diarrhea model. A very large plasmid (between 118 and 312 megadaltons) was found in all isolates. Strain P012 was cured of its plasmid by novobiocin. This strain, but not its cured derivative, invaded the mucosa of the distal ileum of gnotobiotic piglets given 10(10) CFU. At a lower inoculum (10(9) CFU), strain P012 induced inflammation of the colonic mucosa and diarrhea at day 6. The same isolate was fed to 33 healthy volunteers in doses of 1 X 10(3) to 4 X 10(9) CFU. Thirty-six percent of the volunteers shed the organism, but none became ill. These data are only weakly supportive of a role for P. shigelloides in diarrheal illness and suggest the need for more studies with other strains to better understand its pathogenicity.
Characterization of MCH-mediated obesity in mice (2003)

Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic orexigenic peptide expressed in the lateral hypothalamus. Recently, we demonstrated that chronic intracerebroventricular infusion of MCH induced obesity accompanied by sustained hyperphagia in mice. Here, we analyzed the mechanism of MCH-induced obesity by comparing animals fed ad libitum with pair-fed and control animals. Chronic infusion of MCH significantly increased food intake, body weight, white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, and liver mass in ad libitum-fed mice on a moderately high-fat diet. In addition, a significant increase in lipogenic activity was observed in the WAT of the ad libitum-fed group. Although body weight gain was marginal in the pair-fed group, MCH infusion clearly enhanced the lipogenic activity in liver and WAT. Plasma leptin levels were also increased in the pair-fed group. Furthermore, MCH infusion significantly reduced rectal temperatures in the pair-fed group. In support of these findings, mRNA expression of uncoupling protein-1, acyl-CoA oxidase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, which are key molecules involved in thermogenesis and fatty acid oxidation, were reduced in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) of the pair-fed group, suggesting that MCH infusion might reduce BAT functions. We conclude that the activation of MCH neuronal pathways stimulated adiposity, in part resulting from increased lipogenesis in liver and WAT and reduced energy expenditure in BAT. These findings confirm that modulation of energy homeostasis by MCH may play a critical role in the development of obesity.
Redefining the asthma treatment paradigm using a locally administered dual PI3Kgd inhibitor (2016)

<b>Introduction</b> Severe asthma can be dominated by either Th2/eosinophilic or Th17/neutrophilic pathology yet the specific endotype of a patient may not be clear/stable. We hypothesized that a locally administered PI3kγδ dual isoform inhibitor could provide a more effective and safe treatment paradigm. <b>Methods</b> Nanomolar PI3K inhibitors with &gt;100-fold selectivity for γ, δ or dual γδ isoforms were evaluated following nebulization in the rat OVA allergic model. The effects of these inhibitors on innate and adaptive immune responses were evaluated in human cells isolated from GINA3/4 asthma or healthy subjects. <b>Results</b> Therapeutic treatment (4, 20 &amp; 100μg/kg) within the OVA allergic model showed substantial efficacy of the dual inhibitor on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) mediator release (IL-5 and IL-13) and eosinophil/neutrophil influx – reducing all parameters &gt;80% in the absence of measurable systemic exposure. Target engagement in the lung was confirmed using the PI3K pathway marker pS6 in BAL CD4+ T cells. In both healthy and asthmatic subjects, activation, degranulation and chemotaxis of peripheral blood eosinophils or neutrophils was PI3Kγ dependent. However, primed neutrophil respiratory burst exclusively required PI3Kδ. The release of either IL-5, IL-13 or IL-17 from peripheral T cells was PI3Kδ-dependent. CD4+ T cell differentiation toward the Th2 or Th1 phenotype and migration of CD4+ T cells within a 3D collagen matrix, were modestly impaired by mono-selective compounds but effectively inhibited by dual inhibiton. <b>Conclusions</b> Our results provide evidence that an inhaled dual PI3Kγδ isoform inhibitor could be a novel, effective and safer therapy for a broad range of severe asthma patients.
Transforming Growth Factor β-Mediated Transcriptional Repression of c-myc Is Dependent on Direct Binding of Smad3 to a Novel Repressive Smad Binding Element (2004)

Smad proteins are the most well-characterized intracellular effectors of the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signal. The ability of the Smads to act as transcriptional activators via TGF-beta-induced recruitment to Smad binding elements (SBE) within the promoters of TGF-beta target genes has been firmly established. However, the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in TGF-beta-mediated transcriptional repression are only recently being uncovered. The proto-oncogene c-myc is repressed by TGF-beta, and this repression is required for the manifestation of the TGF-beta cytostatic program in specific cell types. We have shown that Smad3 is required for both TGF-beta-induced repression of c-myc and subsequent growth arrest in keratinocytes. The transcriptional repression of c-myc is dependent on direct Smad3 binding to a novel Smad binding site, termed a repressive Smad binding element (RSBE), within the TGF-beta inhibitory element (TIE) of the c-myc promoter. The c-myc TIE is a composite element, comprised of an overlapping RSBE and a consensus E2F site, that is capable of binding at least Smad3, Smad4, E2F-4, and p107. The RSBE is distinct from the previously defined SBE and may partially dictate, in conjunction with the promoter context of the overlapping E2F site, whether the Smad3-containing complex actively represses, as opposed to transactivates, the c-myc promoter.
[Quantification of metamorphopsia in the course of branch retinal vein occlusion with M-CHARTS]. (2007)

The degree of metamorphopsia measured with M-CHARTS is an important parameter in addition to the best-corrected visual acuity for evaluating visual function in patients with branch retinal vein occlusion.
Long‐term audiologic outcomes and potential outcome predictors of cochlear implantation in cochlear aplasia with dilated vestibule: A case series (2022)

Supplementary Figure 1. Classification of cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) From left: normal, CND group 1, CND group II, and CND group III according to the status of four cranial nerves (facial, cochlear, and superior and inferior vestibular nerves) shown in the sagittal section of internal auditory canal (IAC) on MRI. The ‘normal’ case shows four cranial nerves in the sagittal section of IAC MRI. CND group I was defined as both facial nerve and two separate vestibular nerves being present in a sagittal section. If the facial nerve and a common cochleovestibular nerve were present, CND status was classified as group II, and CND group III was defined as only the facial nerve being present. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Application Of Mixed Modeling Strategies For The Simulation Of The 2D Wave Equation For Arbitrary Geometries (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
Dendrimer-like polymers: a new class of structurally precise dendrimers with macromolecular generations (2007)

A new class of highly branched polymers referred to as dendrimer-like polymers has been developed in the last decade, the first synthetic example dating back to 1995. Dendrimer-like polymers exhibit molecular features similar to those of regular dendrimers, such as the presence of a central core, a precise number of branching points and terminal functions, but comprise of generations of macromolecular size between their branching junctions. In this highlight article synthetic strategies to dendrimer-like polymers are reviewed as well as some of their characteristic properties. A special emphasis is placed on synthetic methodologies designed in our group to generate dendrimer-like homopolymers and block copolymers by iterative divergent approaches based on anionic ring-opening polymerization of ethylene oxide and atom transfer radical polymerization. Are also thoroughly described the methods used for selectively branching polymeric chain-ends and introducing ω-geminal functionalities from which further macromolecular generations could be grown.
Keeping virtual information resources up and running (1997)

The maintenance of materialized views in largescale environments composed of numerous heterogeneous information sources (ISs), such as the WWW, has importance for the new breed of information service providers. These applications face the problem that such large-scale environments are plagued with ISs not only continuously modifying their contents, but also their schemas and query capabilities. Current view technology assumes a static environment, in the sense that once the underlying environment upon which the view is defined changes its capabilities, views become undefined. This paper is the first attempt of addressing this problem, which we coin view synchronization. Our EVE (Evolvable View Environment) solution is capable of maintaining virtual repositories (views) under capabilities changes of the underlying sources in situations where current view technology would fail. In this paper, we introduce the key concepts of the EVE solution, in particular, the EVE architecture, a new fl...
Enabling Multicast and Broadcast in the 5G Core for Converged Fixed and Mobile Networks (2020)

The fifth generation of cellular technologies, 5G, promises to deliver a wide variety of services. However, the first release of 5G (3GPP Rel-15) did not consider multicast capabilities in the 5G system including both access and core networks. This article fills the gap by describing solutions for 5G mobile core network architecture incorporating multicast and broadcast capabilities. Two innovative solutions to provision multicast and broadcast, based on 3GPP Rel-15 arechitecture, have been proposed and analyzed. One is 5G architecture friendly with low imprint over Rel-15 while the other is based on the evolution of LTE Broadcast architecture. The architectural solutions feature two new main transmission modes: transparent multicast transport and point-to-multipoint services. The former enables the 5G network as a network pipe supporting multicast traffic providing a cost-effective delivery mode for multimedia while the latter enables multicast and broadcast as a service. The paper also presents a convergent fixed wireline and mobile network architecture based on the proposed mobile network architecture altenatives. The proposed architecture alternatives are suitable for different verticals and applications such as Digital Terrestrial Television, Public Warning, Internet of Things, V2X (vehicle to everything) and mission critical communications (MCC).