gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving mechanical performance and functionality of birch veneer with mechano-enzymatic nanocellulose coating (2022)

Abstract In this study, we investigated the coating of birch veneers (BVs) with mechano-enzymatically manufactured nanofibrillated cellulose (meNFC) to improve mechanical strength and functionality. The meNFC has a broad particle size distribution and similar chemistry to lignocellulose materials, which are both beneficial properties in the coating of wood products. The veneer coating trials were carried out with a spray coating system developed to coat controllable thin coating layers. The spray coating produced uniform layers, which smoothened the BV surface significantly and was verified with scanning electron microscope imaging and optical profilometer measurements. The surface energy measurements showed that the meNFC is like cellulose, whereas the BV is like lignin. This observation proposes pre-treatment methods to secure a good adhesion level between the meNFC and BVs. The adhesion and compatibility of meNFC with the BV surface were measured with pull-off tests and surface energy measurements. The adhesion on a native BV surface was limited, while pre-treatment with sanding or using a primer significantly enhanced the adhesion. The meNFC coating slightly improved the BV transverse tensile strength (perpendicular to the wood veneer grain direction). A thermochromic functionality was installed on the BVs using meNFC as a binder. The produced thermochromic BVs displayed thermochromic behaviour; the coating could control the warming of the BVs subjected to solar radiation. The activation of a photocatalytic reaction of a meNFC coating containing TiO 2 was studied on the wood surface under both ultraviolet and fluorescent light, indicating in a reduction of formaldehyde concentrations. The results also showed that wood discolouration was inhibited by meNFC with not only TiO 2 but also only the meNFC coating. This study presents a practical approach to surface-treating wood materials with the meNFC to improve the mechanical and functional properties of wood products.
Liver fibrosis: Review of current imaging and MRI quantification techniques (2016)

5 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1276-1295.
MicroRNA-148a reduces tumorigenesis and increases TRAIL-induced apoptosis in NSCLC (2015)

Nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to induce apoptosis in malignant cells without inducing significant toxicity in normal cells. However, several carcinomas, including lung cancer, remain resistant to TRAIL. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs of ∼ 24 nt that block mRNA translation and/or negatively regulate its stability. They are often aberrantly expressed in cancer and have been implicated in increasing susceptibility or resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by inhibiting key functional proteins. Here we show that miR-148a is down-regulated in cells with acquired TRAIL-resistance compared with TRAIL-sensitive cells. Enforced expression of miR-148a sensitized cells to TRAIL and reduced lung tumorigenesis in vitro and in vivo through the down-modulation of matrix metalloproteinase 15 (MMP15) and Rho-associated kinase 1 (ROCK1). These findings suggest that miR-148a acts as a tumor suppressor and might have therapeutic application in the treatment of NSCLC.
AR Chemistry: An Undergraduate, Technology-Based Research and Development Initiative To Incorporate AR Molecular Models in the Chemistry Curriculum (2019)

Chemistry is much less abstract and much easier to learn thanks to molecular models. The Augmented Reality (AR) Chemistry Project is an interdisciplinary, undergraduate research experience aimed at developing technology that integrates AR-based molecular models into the chemistry curriculum. A summary of the technology developed as a result of this research experience, and the impact the research experience has had on undergraduate researchers, is presented.
Murine cancer cachexia models replicate elevated catabolic pembrolizumab clearance in humans (2021)

These data demonstrate increases in catabolic clearance of monoclonal antibodies observed in humans can be replicated in cachectic mice, in which <i>Fcgrt</i> expression is also reduced. Notably, FcRn activity is essential for proper antigen presentation and antitumour immunity, which may permit the study of cachexia's impact on FcRn-mediated clearance and efficacy of ICI therapies.
Fig Supp 6 from HDAC6 Plays a Noncanonical Role in the Regulation of Antitumor Immune Responses, Dissemination, and Invasiveness of Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fig Supp 6&lt;/p&gt;
Development of Prototype Filovirus Recombinant Antigen Immunoassays (2015)

Background. Throughout the 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, major gaps were exposed in the availability of validated rapid diagnostic platforms, protective vaccines, and effective therapeutic agents. These gaps potentiated the development of prototype rapid lateral flow immunodiagnostic (LFI) assays that are true point-of-contact platforms, for the detection of active Ebola infections in small blood samples.
Surface-functionalization with NFL peptide of Lipid NanoCapsules LNC: preferential entry into human glioblastoma cells (2017)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most fatal brain cancers with median survival of only 14.6 months. Hence, more efficacious therapies are necessary. Ferrocifen (FcTriOH) is an organometallic antitumor compound, selectively active on cancer cells [1]. However, this metallocomplexe is highly insoluble in water, requiring a formulation stage before being in vivo administered. Lipid nanocapsules (LNC), prepared via a solvent free process of emulsion phase inversion, could be a suitable vehicle for FcTriOH [2]. Moreover, NFL peptide is able to enter massively into glioblastoma cells, and poorly in healthy neurons and astrocytes (NHA) [3]. Indeed, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the surface-functionalizing NFL concentrations on LNC uptake in U87MG human GBM cells. Moreover, FcTriOH was encapsulated in LNC and their in vitro efficacy on U87MG cells was evaluated. Finally, in vivo antitumor effect was evaluated in ectopic and orthotopic murine U87MG tumor models. Fluorescent LNC (F1), LNC with 0.86% w/w and LNC with 2.58% w/w surface-adsorbed NFL (F2 and F3 respectively) were prepared and characterized. FACS analysis revealed that cellular uptake of F3 into U87MG cells was 31.5 and 1.6-folds higher after 6 h compared to F1 and F2 respectively. Moreover, uptake of F3 was significantly higher in the GBM cells compared to NHA, whereas F1 was internalized preferentially in NHA. Uptake of F3 in U87MG cells was energy dependent. Macropinocytosis was possibly the major uptake pathway, followed by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Then, FcTriOH loaded LNCs have been successfully prepared with a drug loading of 2.4 % and an encapsulation efficacy of 99 %. MTS assay on U87MG cells revealed an IC50 of 0.46 µM for F3-FcTriOH (free FcTriOH: IC50 = 1.31 µM). Preliminary in vivo experiments on subcutaneous U87MG tumor bearing nude mice showed significantly reduced relative tumor volume after two intravenous injections of F1-FcTriOH and F3-FcTriOH compared to saline. Moreover, intracranial administration of F3/F3-FcTriOH in orthotopic U87MG tumor bearing mice revealed 2 to 3-folds higher apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) near the injection site in diffusion tensor imaging, compared to F1/F1-FcTriOH. Although dose adjustment will be necessary to avoid toxic effects, the results are promising as therapy induced increased ADC values could indicate possible cell necrosis/lysis. &nbsp; References [1] Laine A.L. et al. (2014), Nanomedicine, 10, pp.1667-1677. [2] Heurtault B. et al. (2003), EJPS, 8, pp. 55-61. [3] Balzeau J. et al. (2013), Biomaterials, 34, pp.3381-3389.
The development of a lead-free replacement for the Lindlar catalyst for alkyne semi-hydrogenation using silica supported, N-doped carbon modified cobalt nanoparticles (2022)

The synthesis of vitamin precursors via alkyne semi-hydrogenation has been achieved with a lead- and palladium-free catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSELECTIVITY IN ENZYMATIC BIOTRANSFORMATION OF CHIRAL AND ACHIRAL 1,3‐DIHYDRO‐2H‐1,4‐BENZODIAZEPIN‐2‐ONES (1974)

Abstract Die enzymatische Biotransformation bei den chiralen 1,4‐Benzodiazepin‐2‐onen (I) ist in vitro für die Hydroxylierung der aromatischen Ringe konfigurationsabhängig.
Supplementary Table S1 from Gemcitabine Mechanism of Action Confounds Early Assessment of Treatment Response by 3′-Deoxy-3′-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorothymidine in Preclinical Models of Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mean and standard deviation, as well as number of samples analyzed (in brackets), of other PET image quantification approaches.&lt;/p&gt;
CONVERSION FROM CYCLOSPORINE TO AZATHIOPRINE IN RENAL ALLOGRAFT RECIPIENTS (1984)

Fifty seven recipients of renal allografts initially treated with CsA and low-dose prednisone were switched to azathioprine and low-dose steroids. Ten had prolonged (greater than 28 days) allograft nonfunction after transplantation (group 1), 8 had ongoing, poorly controlled rejection (group 2), and 39 had stable functioning grafts (group 3). With a mean follow-up period of 5 +/- 3 months after conversion, 50 grafts remained functional including 6 of 10 in group 1, 6 of 8 in group 2, and 38 of 39 in group 3. Thirty-seven (65%) had improved function, 12 (21%) had stable function, and 8 (14%) experienced declining renal function. Three of these latter 8 patients required reinstitution of CsA therapy. There were 20 episodes of acute rejection in 18 patients; one graft lost function because of acute rejection unresponsive to therapy. Reasons for the 6 other graft losses were persistent primary nonfunction in 3 patients from group 1, untreated rejection in 2 patients who had multiple prior rejection episodes while on CsA, and chronic rejection in one patient. Although renal function has improved or stabilized in the majority (86%) of individuals changed to azathioprine therapy, there was substantial risk of acute rejection (32%) complicating this procedure. Patients most likely to benefit from conversion to azathioprine therapy are those with prolonged graft nonfunction after transplantation and those with serum creatinines greater than 2.0 mg/dl.
[Plea for accelerated rehabilitation after ligament plasty of the knee by a bone-patellar tendon-bone graft]. (1999)

Knee rehabilitation after ACL repair with bone-tendon-bone graft is still controversial. While there was a tendency to protect the graft and the donor site in the eighties, actual tendency is to propose more aggressive, so called accelerated rehabilitation protocol. An extensive analysis of the literature shows that this accelerated rehabilitation is justified because of histologic, biomechanic, surgical and clinical arguments. This accelerated rehabilitation is based on seven reasons, at least: 1) the necrosis of the graft, initially observed in animals, does not seem to be as important in humans as demonstrated by histological studies after in vivo biopsies; 2) the use of solid bone-tendon-bone graft, whose resistance is maximum in the early post-operative period and is superior to the resistance of the ACL; 3) the more precise positioning (more "isometric") because of optic magnification allowed by arthroscopy; 4) the absence of graft impingement, routinely controlled, because of a more posterior tibial placement of the graft and the eventual notch-plasty; 5) the solid and confident fixation of the graft because of interference screws; 6) anterior knee pain are less important when early constraints are applied on the knee; 7) finally, undisciplined and demanding patients who refuse all protection for the graft and the donor site, have good and stable results regarding stability of the knees. Early constraints on the knee after bone-tendon-bone graft and interference fixation give better tolerance on the extension mechanism without compromising integrity of the graft and knee stability. Appropriate level of constraints on the ACL graft and the donor site guides the collagenic reorganisation process. Early restoration of normal hyperextension, decreased knee pain and maintenance of muscular trophicity, allowing patients to go back to sport at 4 months, are the most evident benefits of this accelerated rehabilitation. These considerations cannot be applied to the other grafts (fascia lata, semi-tendinous, allografts ...) and to other ways of fixation (sutures, staples, ...).
Quantification of myocardial blood flow by adenosine-stress CT perfusion imaging in pigs during various degrees of stenosis correlates well with coronary artery blood flow and fractional flow reserve (2012)

Adenosine stress DSCT myocardial perfusion imaging allows quantification of regional MBF under various degrees of CBF reduction.
Food Additives as Novel Influenza Vaccine Adjuvants (2019)

Influenza is a major threat to public health. Vaccination is an effective strategy to control influenza; however, the current inactivated influenza vaccine has mild immunogenicity and exhibits suboptimal efficacy in clinical use. Vaccine efficacy can be improved by the addition of adjuvants, but few adjuvants have been approved for human use. To explore novel and effective adjuvants for influenza vaccines, here we screened 145 compounds from food additives approved in Japan. Of these 145 candidates, we identified 41 compounds that enhanced the efficacy of the split influenza hemagglutinin (HA) vaccine against lethal virus challenge in a mouse model. These 41 compounds included 18 novel adjuvant candidates and 15 compounds with previously reported adjuvant effects for other antigens but not for the influenza vaccine. Our results are of value to the development of novel and effective adjuvanted influenza or other vaccines for human use.
Correction: Phenotype and Function of CD209+ Bovine Blood Dendritic Cells, Monocyte-Derived-Dendritic Cells and Monocyte-Derived Macrophages (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165247.].
Sources of error in the retracted scientific literature (2014)

Retraction of flawed articles is an important mechanism for correction of the scientific literature. We recently reported that the majority of retractions are associated with scientific misconduct. In the current study, we focused on the subset of retractions for which no misconduct was identified, in order to identify the major causes of error. Analysis of the retraction notices for 423 articles indexed in PubMed revealed that the most common causes of error-related retraction are laboratory errors, analytical errors, and irreproducible results. The most common laboratory errors are contamination and problems relating to molecular biology procedures (e.g., sequencing, cloning). Retractions due to contamination were more common in the past, whereas analytical errors are now increasing in frequency. A number of publications that have not been retracted despite being shown to contain significant errors suggest that barriers to retraction may impede correction of the literature. In particular, few cases of retraction due to cell line contamination were found despite recognition that this problem has affected numerous publications. An understanding of the errors leading to retraction can guide practices to improve laboratory research and the integrity of the scientific literature. Perhaps most important, our analysis has identified major problems in the mechanisms used to rectify the scientific literature and suggests a need for action by the scientific community to adopt protocols that ensure the integrity of the publication process.
A simple way to evaluate self-designed probes for tumor specific Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA) (2010)

Here, we present a straightforward method, based upon the normalization pattern in both unaffected and affected individuals, to evaluate self-designed reference probes and to calculate CNV for the MLPA assay with specific focus on the difficulties when analyzing tumor DNA.
Convergence analysis of a modified Armijo rule step-size LMF algorithm (2012)

In this work, we make use of the Armijo rule for the selection of the learning rate to introduce the Armijo rule learning rate least mean fourth (ALRLMF) algorithm. The algorithm is derived by incorporating the modified version of the Armijo rule line search to the class of stochastic gradient algorithm that minimizes the mean fourth error. The convergence behavior of the algorithm is analyzed and bounds guaranteeing convergence are explicitly derived. Finally, simulation results presented in a system identification scenario are found to corroborate the theoretical findings.
Organic field-effect transistors with nonlithographically defined submicrometer channel length (2004)

We developed an underetching technique to define submicrometer channel length polymer field-effect transistors. Short-channel effects are avoided by using thin silicon dioxide as gate insulator. The transistors with 1 and 0.74 μm channel length operate at a voltage as low as 5 V with a low inverse subthreshold slope of 0.4–0.5 V/dec, on–off ratio of 104, and without short-channel effects. The poly(3-alcylthiophene)’s still suffer from a low mobility and hysteresis does occur, but it is negligible for the drain voltage variation. With our underetching technique also device structures with self-aligned buried gate and channel length below 0.4 μm are fabricated on polymer substrates.
Bio‐MOFs: Metall‐organische Gerüste für biologische und medizinische Anwendungen (2010)

Abstract Metall‐organische Gerüste bieten als eine Klasse von hochgradig porösen Materialien vielfältige Möglichkeiten für biologische und medizinische Anwendungen. Durch die große Bandbreite an chemischen Zusammensetzungen sind toxikologisch zulässige Rezepturen realisierbar, und durch die hohe Funktionalität der MOFs eröffnen sich Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in Bildgebungsverfahren und als Transporter für therapeutische Wirkstoffe. Die Herausforderungen auf diesem Gebiet bestehen nicht nur in der Entwicklung von neuen Feststoffen, sondern auch in der Verbesserung der Rezeptur und der Verarbeitung der Materialien. Hierzu gehören auch die Feineinstellung der Morphologie der Gerüste und die Modifizierung ihrer Oberflächen im Hinblick auf die angestrebten Anwendungen.
Nonpeptide Inhibitors of Cathepsin G:  Optimization of a Novel β-Ketophosphonic Acid Lead by Structure-Based Drug Design (2002)

The serine protease cathepsin G (EC 3.4.21.20; Cat G), which is stored in the azurophilic granules of neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) and released on degranulation, has been implicated in various pathological conditions associated with inflammation. By employing high-throughput screening, we identified beta-ketophosphonic acid 1 as a moderate inhibitor of Cat G (IC(50) = 4.1 microM). We were fortunate to obtain a cocrystal of 1 with Cat G and solve its structure by X-ray crystallography (3.5 A). Structural details from the X-ray analysis of 1.Cat G served as a platform for optimization of this lead compound by structure-based drug design. With the aid of molecular modeling, substituents were attached to the 3-position of the 2-naphthyl ring of 1, which occupies the S1 pocket of Cat G, to provide an extension into the hydrophobic S3 region. Thus, we arrived at analogue 7 with an 80-fold potency improvement over 1 (IC(50) = 53 nM). From these results, it is evident that the beta-ketophosphonic acid unit can form the basis for a novel class of serine protease inhibitors.
Electrical characteristics of 8-/spl Aring/ EOT HfO/sub 2//TaN low thermal-budget n-channel FETs with solid-phase epitaxially regrown junctions (2006)

The authors demonstrate high-performing n-channel transistors with a HfO/sub 2//TaN gate stack and a low thermal-budget process using solid-phase epitaxial regrowth of the source and drain junctions. The thinnest devices have an equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) of 8 /spl Aring/, a leakage current of 1.5 A/cm/sup 2/ at V/sub G/=1 V, a peak mobility of 190 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s, and a drive-current of 815 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m at an off-state current of 0.1 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m for V/sub DD/=1.2 V. Identical gate stacks processed with a 1000-/spl deg/C spike anneal have a higher peak mobility at 275 cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s, but a 5-/spl Aring/ higher EOT and a reduced drive current at 610 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m. The observed performance improvement for the low thermal-budget devices is shown to be mostly related to the lower EOT. The time-to-breakdown measurements indicate a maximum operating voltage of 1.6 V (1.2 V at 125 /spl deg/C) for a ten-year lifetime, whereas positive-bias temperature-instability measurements indicate a sufficient lifetime for operating voltages below 0.75 V.
Study of a novel range-dependent propagation effect with application to the axial injection of signals from the Kaneohe source (2002)

A novel range-dependent propagation effect occurs when a source is placed on the seafloor in shallow water with a downward refracting sound speed profile, and sound waves propagate down a slope into deep water. Under these conditions, small grazing-angle sound waves slide along the bottom downward and outward from the source until they reach the depth of the sound channel axis in deep water, where they are detached from the sloping bottom and continue to propagate outward near the sound channel axis. This “mudslide” effect is one of a few robust and predictable acoustic propagation effects that occur in range-dependent ocean environments. As a consequence of this effect, a bottom mounted source in shallow water can inject a significant amount of acoustic energy into the axis of the deep ocean sound channel that can then propagate to very long ranges. Numerical simulations with a full-wave range-dependent acoustic model show that the Kaneohe experiment had the appropriate source, bathymetry, and sound speed profiles that allows this effect to operate efficiently. This supports the interpretation that some of the near-axial acoustic signals, received near the coast of California from the bottom mounted source located in shallow water in Kaneohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, were injected into the sound channel of the deep Pacific Ocean by this mechanism. Numerical simulations suggest that the mudslide effect is robust.
Dynamic Distillation Network for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Recognition with Unlabeled Data (2021)

Most existing works in few-shot learning rely on meta-learning the network on a large base dataset which is typically from the same domain as the target dataset. We tackle the problem of cross-domain few-shot learning where there is a large shift between the base and target domain. The problem of cross-domain few-shot recognition with unlabeled target data is largely unaddressed in the literature. STARTUP was the first method that tackles this problem using self-training. However, it uses a fixed teacher pretrained on a labeled base dataset to create soft labels for the unlabeled target samples. As the base dataset and unlabeled dataset are from different domains, projecting the target images in the class-domain of the base dataset with a fixed pretrained model might be sub-optimal. We propose a simple dynamic distillation-based approach to facilitate unlabeled images from the novel/base dataset. We impose consistency regularization by calculating predictions from the weakly-augmented versions of the unlabeled images from a teacher network and matching it with the strongly augmented versions of the same images from a student network. The parameters of the teacher network are updated as exponential moving average of the parameters of the student network. We show that the proposed network learns representation that can be easily adapted to the target domain even though it has not been trained with target-specific classes during the pretraining phase. Our model outperforms the current state-of-the art method by 4.4% for 1-shot and 3.6% for 5-shot classification in the BSCD-FSL benchmark, and also shows competitive performance on traditional in-domain few-shot learning task.