gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anion⋅⋅⋅Anion Coinage Bonds: The Case of Tetrachloridoaurate (2021)

Abstract Interactions in crystalline tetrachloridoaurates of acetylcholine and dimethylpropiothetine are characterized by Au ⋅⋅⋅ Cl and Au ⋅⋅⋅ O short contacts. The former interactions assemble the AuCl 4 − units into supramolecular anionic polymers, while the latter interactions append the acetylcholine and propiothetine units to the polymer. The distorted octahedral geometry of the bonding pattern around the gold center is rationalized on the basis of the anisotropic distribution of the electron density, which enables gold to behave as an electrophile (π‐hole coinage‐bond donor). Computational studies prove that gold atoms in negatively charged species can function as acceptors of electron density. The attractive nature of the Au ⋅⋅⋅ Cl/O interactions described here complement the known aurophilic bonds involved in gold‐centered interactions.
Optimum Design for Compensation Method of Intra-channel Nonlinear Distortions based on Digital Backpropagation assisted by Mitigation with CD pre-compensation (2013)

We propose an optimum design of nonlinear compensation based on digital backpropagation assisted by mitigation with CD pre-compensation in order to reduce circuit resources. Transmission experiment with a 127Gbps PM-QPSK signal over a 2,400km SSMF line exhibits Q improvement with small stage number backpropagation and -20% CD pre-compensation.
Thermal, mechanical, and fracture properties of copolyureas formed by reaction injection molding: Effects of hard segment structure (1991)

Abstract A series of copolyureas containing 50% by weight hard segment have been formed by RIM. The hard segment structure was systematically varied to investigate the effects of urea group density, hard segment crosslinking, relative reaction rates, and to compare the properties of aromatic and aliphatic hard segment materials. In each case the soft segment was based on a 2000 molecular weight polyether diamine. The RIM materials formed ranged from flexible elastomers to brittle plastics depending on composition and were characterized by SAXS, DSC, DMA, tensile stress–strain and fracture mechanics studies. SAXS, DSC, and DMA showed that microphase separation had occurred to give materials with a non‐equilibrium morphology. DMA and tensile stress–strain studies showed the small strain properties to be very sensitive to the volume fraction of glassy material whereas the ultimate properties were dependent on chemical structure of the hard segment. Fracture properties were determined using the single‐edge notch technique. In most cases ductile failure occurred with G c &gt; 2.5 kJ m −2 and the fracture surfaces showed gross yielding and tearing. In the case of the copolyurea with the highest urea group content, brittle fracture occurred with G c = 0.06 kJ m −2 .
Directed differentiation of human iPSCs to functional ovarian granulosa-like cells via transcription factor overexpression (2023)

An in vitro model of human ovarian follicles would greatly benefit the study of female reproduction. Ovarian development requires the combination of germ cells and several types of somatic cells. Among these, granulosa cells play a key role in follicle formation and support for oogenesis. Whereas efficient protocols exist for generating human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), a method of generating granulosa cells has been elusive. Here, we report that simultaneous overexpression of two transcription factors (TFs) can direct the differentiation of hiPSCs to granulosa-like cells. We elucidate the regulatory effects of several granulosa-related TFs and establish that overexpression of NR5A1 and either RUNX1 or RUNX2 is sufficient to generate granulosa-like cells. Our granulosa-like cells have transcriptomes similar to human fetal ovarian cells and recapitulate key ovarian phenotypes including follicle formation and steroidogenesis. When aggregated with hPGCLCs, our cells form ovary-like organoids (ovaroids) and support hPGCLC development from the premigratory to the gonadal stage as measured by induction of DAZL expression. This model system will provide unique opportunities for studying human ovarian biology and may enable the development of therapies for female reproductive health.
Diaper Dermatitis (2011)

The newly revised and expanded 4th edition provides clear, practice-oriented guidance on clinical and psychosocial issues. The new 4th edition of Berkowitz's Pediatrics: A Primary Care Approach is custom-built for efficient primary care problem-solving. It provides concise, practice-oriented guidance on all the most common issues -- both clinical and psychosocial -- you're likely to encounter. Here's hands-on help on topics ranging from temper tantrums and thumb-sucking to childhood cancer, kidney disease, and diabetes. Each clinical chapter reviews pertinent epidemiology and pathophysiology, then gives you clear, concise guidelines on what symptoms to look for, what alternative diagnoses to consider, what tests to order, and how to manage your patient.
An fMRI study with written Chinese (2001)

Event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (ER-fMRI) was used to investigate how the human brain processes phonology and transforms a word's visual form (orthography) into phonological form during reading in logographic Chinese, a writing system that differs markedly from alphabetic languages. We found that reading aloud of irregular words produced larger MR signal intensity changes over extensive regions involving left infero-middle frontal cortex, left motor cortex, right infero-frontal gyri, bilateral anterior superior temporal areas, and anterior cingulate cortex. Right superior parietal lobule, the cuneus in bilateral visual cortex, and thalamus participated in the processing of irregular, but not regular, words. These findings were discussed in comparison to neuroimaging findings from alphabetic languages, as well as in relation to models of reading.
A NEW RELIABLE MURINE MODEL FOR COMPARTMENT SYNDROME (2010)

Gharaibeh, B.1; Ingham, S.1; Distefanno, G.2; Sicari, B.3; Oyster, N.4; Fu, F.2; Huard, J.1 Author Information
Conformational studies on transfer ribonucleic acid. Fluorescence lifetime and nanosecond depolarization measurements on bound ethidium bromide (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational studies on transfer ribonucleic acid. Fluorescence lifetime and nanosecond depolarization measurements on bound ethidium bromideTerence Tao, James H. Nelson, and Charles R. CantorCite this: Biochemistry 1970, 9, 18, 3514–3524Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00820a004https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00820a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parallel plate waveguide with anisotropic graphene plates: Effect of electric and magnetic biases (2013)

The performances of a parallel plate waveguide (PPWG) supported by perfect electric conductor (PEC)-graphene and graphene-graphene plates are evaluated. The graphene plate behavior is modeled as an anisotropic medium with both diagonal and Hall conductivities derived from Kubo formula. The PPWG modes supported by PEC-graphene and graphene-graphene plates are studied. Maxwell's equations are solved for these two waveguides, while the graphene layers are biased with an electric field only and with both electric and magnetic fields. It is shown that when both electric and magnetic biases are applied to the graphene, a hybrid mode (simultaneous transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes) will propagate inside the waveguide. The intensity of each TE and TM modes can be adjusted with the applied external bias fields. Study of different waveguides demonstrates that by decreasing the plate separation (d), the wave confinement improves. However, it increases the waveguide attenuation. A dielectric layer inserted between the plates can also be used to improve the wave confinement. The presented analytical procedure is applicable to other guiding structures having walls with isotropic or anisotropic conductivities.
P4‐049: Influence of presenilin mutation on tau pathology in a novel Alzheimer's disease mouse model (2009)

PS1 mutations may increase Aβ production but their effect on tau expression, phosphorylation and/or aggregation has not been thoroughly assessed. We have previously shown that the M146L mutation does not lead to tau pathology in mice expressing one isoform of wild-type human tau (ON3R) but it does promote tau phosphorylation and aggregation in mice expressing all six isoforms of wild-type human tau on a mouse tau knock-out background (htau/PS1/mtau-/-). We have now analyzed further this accelerated pathology, and its time-dependence compared to htau/mtau-/- littermates, and are studying the possible pathways involved in this important interaction. The mice were killed at 2-3, 5-6 and 8-9 months for brain analyses. Pathological tau was observed on brain sections in the htau/PS1/mtau-/- mice but not in controls as early as at 2 months of age, it increased with age, and was routinely positive with Thioflavin S and occasionally with Gallyas silver stain. Total tau levels did not differ between the groups at any age but human tau CP27 bands shifted to a higher MW (hyperphosphorylation) in the new model compared to controls. Also, in those animals PHF1 IR soluble tau was increased by 142% and 219% compared to their htau/mtau-/- littermates at 5-6 months (p<0.02) and 8-9 months (p<0.002), respectively. Likewise, IHC analysis revealed an 83% increase in PHF1 IR tau in the pyriform cortex at 8-9 months, (p=0.02), and a comparable increase at 5-6 months and in AT8 IR (IHC and Western) that are being quantitated. Importantly, the htau/PS1/mtau-/- mice were more cognitively impaired than controls in the Radial Arm Maze (p<0.03). Analyses of other cortical and hippocampal regions with advanced tau pathology, with other tau antibodies as well as of insoluble tau is underway. Furthermore, older animals, tau-related pathology and the potential involvement of various signaling pathways are being assessed. The M146L mutation promotes age-related tau phosphorylation and aggregation, and impairs cognition compared to controls, suggesting that PS1/tau interaction may be important in the etiology and/or pathogenesis of AD. This novel model can be very useful for studying the onset and progression of AD as well as for therapeutic studies. Supported by AG032611.
Exclusive A-ring linkage for singly attached phycocyanobilins and phycoerythrobilins in phycobiliproteins. Absence of singly D-ring-linked bilins. (1988)

Previous spectroscopic studies on the phycocyanobilin-containing peptide beta-2T from Synechococcus sp. 6301 C-phycocyanin and the phycoerythrobilin-containing peptide beta-2TP from Porphyridium cruentum B-phycoerythrin indicated a different single thioether mode of attachment, postulated to be through the D-ring of the tetrapyrrole, in contrast to the A-ring linkage established for the other singly linked bilins in these proteins (Bishop, J.E., Lagarias, J.C., Nagy, J. O., Schoenleber, R.W., Rapoport, H., Klotz, A.V., and Glazer, A.N. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6790-6796; Klotz, A.V., Glazer, A.N., Bishop, J.E., Nagy, J.O., and Rapoport, H. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 6797-6805). The crystal structure of Agmenellum quadruplicatum C-phycocyanin at 2.5-A resolution (Schirmer, T., Bode, W., and Huber, R. (1987) J. Mol. Biol., 196, 677-695) supports an A-ring linkage for all three phycocyanobilins. Consequently we have re-evaluated our proposed structural assignments by further 1H NMR studies. Two-dimensional homonuclear correlated and nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopic data presented here show that all three bilins in Synechococcus 6301 C-phycocyanin are attached solely through the A-ring, complementary to the crystallographic data. The evidence from the NMR data for all bilin peptides examined includes the dipoledipole interactions of the 5-H with the 3-H, 3'-H, and a pyrrole methyl group (7-CH3); the corresponding interactions would not be possible in a D-ring-linked bilin. The 5-H also consistently exhibits allylic J-coupling to the 3-H, supporting A-ring linkage assignment. These data are inconsistent with the alternative D-ring linkage assignment since this would involve J-coupling through five bonds. Examination of the phycoerythrobilin beta-2 position in B-phycoerythrin also reveals an A-ring type of attachment by similar criteria. We conclude that all singly linked bilins are attached through the A-ring.
ChemInform Abstract: Stimuli‐Responsive Electrospun Fibers and Their Applications (2011)

Abstract Review: 136 refs.
Two‐Photon Physical, Organic, and Polymer Chemistry: Theory, Techniques, Chromophore Design, and Applications (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Two-Photon Absorption: Theory, Mechanism, and Quantification Chromophore Design and Optimization of Two-Photon Absorption Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence Organic Reactions Upon Two-Photon Excitation Simultaneous Two-Photon Initiated Polymerization and Crosslinking Applications Outlook for Two-Photon Photosciences References
Surface Initiated ATRP: Synthesis and Characterization of Functional Polymers Grafted on Modified Cellulose Beads (2013)

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was employed to synthesize novel polymer particles. The surface of porous polymeric cellulose beads was modified by sodium hydroxide, 2-chloromethyloxirane, ethylenediamine and 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl bromide successively in order to activate the beads surface so that it can play an important role as an initiator for ATRP reaction. ATRP on the modified cellulose beads surface was carried out with styrene and sodium p-styrenesulphonate monomers in the presence of non aqueous and aqueous phases respectively. The polymer products on the substrate surface were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), attenuated total reflectance-infrared (ATR-IR) spectroscopy and carbon 13 – nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C-NMR).
The Optimal Distribution of Chordwise Rib Fin Arrays for Blade Tip Cap Underside Cooling (2012)

A fundamental question in the design of fin-augmented heat transfer surfaces is how to determine the optimal spacing between the fins. It has already been demonstrated that considerable heat transfer augmentation in the underside of an HPT turbine blade tip cap can be achieved using arrays of discrete shaped pins [5]. However, it is desirable to predict the maximum heat transfer augmentation that can be achieved by installing the array of fins and the geometric arrangement (fin-to-fin spacing) that has to be used to achieve such augmentation. In this paper chordwise parallel ribs installed on the underside of a blade tip cap are studied. The objective is to maximize the overall thermal conductance between the fin array and the surrounding fluid. The optimization is performed numerically in the range 25,000&lt;Re&lt;100,000 and Pr = 0.72. The behavior of the optimal spacing data is explained and correlated analytically using the method of intersecting the two asymptotes: small spacing and large spacing heat transfer [7].
Carbon and Graphite for Electrochemical Power Sources* (2021)

Carbon and graphite are key components in electrochemical power sources, such as primary (non-rechargeable) and secondary (rechargeable) batteries, supercapacitors, redox flow batteries, and fuel cells. Carbon materials are particularly interesting because of their conductivity, chemical stability, electrochemical stability, and availability in a wide range of different structures, textures, and morphologies. Carbons and graphite can be powders, fibers, felts, foams, foils, or composites ranging from nanometer to meter, and they can be very dense and compact or highly porous. Carbon and graphite materials are employed as active material, i.e. as components that actively store energy, or inactive material, such as conductive additive, current collector, conductive or protective coating, catalyst substrate, etc. This chapter introduces the most important power sources, explains their basic operation principles, and discusses the general requirements for materials used in these power sources. It presents typical carbon and graphite materials that can be used and provides information on their synthesis, properties, and key performance indicators.
Node classification in uncertain graphs (2014)

In many real applications that use and analyze networked data, the links in the network graph may be erroneous, or derived from probabilistic techniques. In such cases, the node classification problem can be challenging, since the unreliability of the links may affect the final results of the classification process. In this paper, we focus on situations that require the analysis of the uncertainty that is present in the graph structure. We study the novel problem of node classification in uncertain graphs, by treating uncertainty as a first-class citizen. We propose two techniques based on a Bayes model, and show the benefits of incorporating uncertainty in the classification process as a first-class citizen. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approaches.
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF OPTIMAL COUPLED TWO ADJACENT BUILDINGS (2006)

The optimal allocation of damping in coupled buildings and its control efficiencies are discussed in this research. For a given total damping, the optimal connecting damping and connecting stiffness that result minimum magnification factors for stable vibrations are searched from numerical computation. It was found that allocation of total damping for connecting damping gives maximum control efficiencies when the total damping is smaller. While for larger total damping, the required connecting damping decreases, and more damping should be allocated within buildings. The efficiency of coupling decreases with the increase of total damping, and is defined by an equivalent damping factor. Using equivalent damping factor and equivalent vibration periods, earthquake response of the coupled buildings may be satisfactorily evaluated by response spectra of single degree freedom system.
Constraints for the iscontinuity fro Mot ion (1999)

Surface discontinuities are detected in a sequence of images by exploiting physical constraints at early stages in the processing of visual motion. To achieve accurate early discontinuity detection we exploit five physical constraints on the presence of discontinuities: i) the shape of the sum of squared differences (SSD) error surface in the presence of surface discontinuities; G) the change in the shape of the SSD surface due to relative surface motion; G) distribution of optic flow in a neighborhood of a discontinuity; iv) spatial consistency of discontinuities; V) temporal consistency of discontinuities. The constraints are described, and experimental results on sequences of real and synthetic images are presented. The work has applications in the recovery of environmental structure from motion and in the generation of dense optic flow fields.
Voltage-gated calcium channels and disease (2011)

Voltage-gated calcium channels are a family of integral membrane calcium-selective proteins found in all excitable and many nonexcitable cells. Calcium influx affects membrane electrical properties by depolarizing cells and generally increasing excitability. Calcium entry further regulates multiple intracellular signaling pathways as well as the biochemical factors that mediate physiological functions such as neurotransmitter release and muscle contraction. Small changes in the biophysical properties or expression of calcium channels can result in pathophysiological changes leading to serious chronic disorders. In humans, mutations in calcium channel genes have been linked to a number of serious neurological, retinal, cardiac, and muscular disorders.
Structural and stereodynamic studies on molecular early transition metal derivatives. I. Niobium oxochloride-dimethyl sulfoxide adducts (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural and stereodynamic studies on molecular early transition metal derivatives. I. Niobium oxochloride-dimethyl sulfoxide adductsJean G. Riess, Rene C. Muller, and Michele. PostelCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1974, 13, 8, 1802–1804Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50138a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50138a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views22Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Mutated Self-Cleaving 2A Peptides as a Molecular Rheostat to Direct Simultaneous Formation of Membrane and Secreted Anti-HIV Immunoglobulins (2012)

In nature, B cells produce surface immunoglobulin and secreted antibody from the same immunoglobulin gene via alternative splicing of the pre-messenger RNA. Here we present a novel system for genetically programming B cells to direct the simultaneous formation of membrane-bound and secreted immunoglobulins that we term a "Molecular Rheostat", based on the use of mutated "self-cleaving" 2A peptides. The Molecular Rheostat is designed so that the ratio of secreted to membrane-bound immunoglobulins can be controlled by selecting appropriate mutations in the 2A peptide. Lentiviral transgenesis of Molecular Rheostat constructs into B cell lines enables the simultaneous expression of functional b12-based IgM-like BCRs that signal to the cells and mediate the secretion of b12 IgG broadly neutralizing antibodies that can bind and neutralize HIV-1 pseudovirus. We show that these b12-based Molecular Rheostat constructs promote the maturation of EU12 B cells in an in vitro model of B lymphopoiesis. The Molecular Rheostat offers a novel tool for genetically manipulating B cell specificity for B-cell based gene therapy.