gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal stress destruction analysis in low-k layer by via-last TSV structure (2015)

Investigation of the thermo-mechanical stress by using finite element analysis (FEA) and the destruction verification with thermal cycle (TC) test were carried out. It was found that the back end of line (BEOL) dielectric layer near the through silicon via (TSV) was cracked in case of a RT-400 °C heat cycle. Thermo-mechanical stress concentration at the TSV landing area has been confirmed by the results of FEA simulation. Dielectric layer cracking was caused at interface between the dielectric layer and edge corner of the land metal (M1) contact pad connected with the TSV. And the slit voids at the TSV sidewall were observed on the area of insufficient of side coverage of the titanium (Ti) metal barrier liner at the TSV bottom. The BEOL deformation of the metal contact area was also clear that the low-k cracks tend to occur at non constraint condition of the TSV sidewall as the slit void. In this paper shows that the interface becomes free surface as non-constrained condition caused by poor liner coverage, and it was insufficient interface adhesion to suppress the thermal expansion deformation of copper. This study provides that low-k layer cracking can be avoided by adopting optimized stress dispersion design to the BEOL low-k/copper with TSV landing pad structure.
Could mycobacterial Hsp70-containing fusion protein lead the way to an affordable therapeutic cancer vaccine? (2014)

Cancer vaccine development efforts have recently gained momentum, but most vaccines showing clinical impact in human trials tend to be based on technology approaches that are very costly and difficult to produce at scale. With the projected doubling of the incidence of cancer and its related cost of care in the U.S. over the next two decades, the widespread clinical use of such vaccines will prove difficult to justify. Heat shock protein-based vaccines have shown the potential to elicit clinically meaningful immunologic responses in cancer, but the predominant development approach - heat shock protein-peptide complexes derived from a patient's own tumor - face similar challenges of cost and scalability. New innovative modalities for deploying heat shock proteins in cancer vaccines may open the door to vaccines that can generate potent cytotoxic responses against multiple tumor targets and can be made in a cost-effective and scalable manner.
Joint Manifolds for Data Fusion (2010)

The emergence of low-cost sensing architectures for diverse modalities has made it possible to deploy sensor networks that capture a single event from a large number of vantage points and using multiple modalities. In many scenarios, these networks acquire large amounts of very high-dimensional data. For example, even a relatively small network of cameras can generate massive amounts of high-dimensional image and video data. One way to cope with this data deluge is to exploit low-dimensional data models. Manifold models provide a particularly powerful theoretical and algorithmic framework for capturing the structure of data governed by a small number of parameters, as is often the case in a sensor network. However, these models do not typically take into account dependencies among multiple sensors. We thus propose a new joint manifold framework for data ensembles that exploits such dependencies. We show that joint manifold structure can lead to improved performance for a variety of signal processing algorithms for applications including classification and manifold learning. Additionally, recent results concerning random projections of manifolds enable us to formulate a scalable and universal dimensionality reduction scheme that efficiently fuses the data from all sensors.
Tranceive Phased Array with High Transmit Performance for Human Brain Application at 9.4 T (2014)

Surface loop phased arrays have been shown to improve transmit performance and B1 homogeneity for head imaging up to 9.4T. However, transmit arrays enlarged to fit receive arrays often cannot satisfy the requirements in B1 and bandwidth for ultra-high field spectroscopic imaging. We have developed and constructed a tight fit 400MHz 8-channel transceiver array. The array improved transmit efficiency and homogeneity in the axial slab through the phantom’s center when used in CP mode. B1+ averaged over the central axial slice measured 55.6 nT/V, which corresponds to 12.4 uT per 1 kW of RF power delivered directly to the array.
High Capacity O3-Type Na[Li0.05(Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5)0.95]O2 Cathode for Sodium Ion Batteries (2014)

In this work we report Na[Li0.05(Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5)0.95]O2 layered cathode materials that were synthesized via a coprecipitation method. The Na[Li0.05(Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5)0.95]O2 electrode exhibited an exceptionally high capacity (180.1 mA h g–1 at 0.1 C-rate) as well as excellent capacity retentions (0.2 C-rate: 89.6%, 0.5 C-rate: 92.1%) and rate capabilities at various C-rates (0.1 C-rate: 180.1 mA h g–1, 1 C-rate: 130.9 mA h g–1, 5 C-rate: 96.2 mA h g–1), which were achieved due to the Li supporting structural stabilization by introduction into the transition metal layer. By contrast, the electrode performance of the lithium-free Na[Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5]O2 cathode was inferior because of structural disintegration presumably resulting from Fe3+ migration from the transition metal layer to the Na layer during cycling. The long-term cycling using a full cell consisting of a Na[Li0.05(Ni0.25Fe0.25Mn0.5)0.95]O2 cathode was coupled with a hard carbon anode which exhibited promising cycling data including a 76% capacity retention over 200 cycles.
High Humidity, High Temperature and High Voltage Reverse Bias - A Relevant Test for Industrial Applications (2018)

In this article, the importance of the High Humidity, High Temperature and High Voltage Reverse Bias test (H3TRB-HVDC) for semiconductor reliability is shown. With the test methodology presented here, long term ruggedness of SiC-based semiconductors to harsh environmental conditions is assessed. To demonstrate the importance of the test method, results from different devices are presented and discussed. Results of commercially available 1:7 kV SiC MOSFETS from two well-established suppliers packaged in TO-247 are shown. In addition, results of two different 1200 V industrial silicone gel filled modules are presented. In the first case, benchmarking of different suppliers can be obtained with this test method, in the latter case, end-of-life equal to electrical short is reached for one of the device type. The test conditions are based on the Temperature Humidity Bias (THB) reliability test standard. In order to be closer to the application profile and to address both chip level degradation as well as package related issues, the stress voltage level is increased from the generally used 80 V to 80% of the device rated voltage (i.e. 1360 V and 960 V, respectively for 1700 V and 1200 V rated devices). The results underline the importance of the H3TRB-HVDC to become a common test for SiC semiconductor suppliers as humidity ruggedness of power devices is an essential feature for industrial applications.
Copper(II) Binding to α-Synuclein, the Parkinson’s Protein (2008)

Variations in tryptophan fluorescence intensities confirm that copper(II) interacts with alpha-synuclein, a protein implicated in Parkinson's disease. Trp4 fluorescence decay kinetics measured for the F4W protein show that Cu(II) binds tightly (Kd 100 nM) near the N-terminus at pH 7. Work on a F4W/H50S mutant indicates that a histidine imidazole is not a ligand in this high-affinity site.
Art-directable procedural vegetation in disney's zootopia (2016)

With six distinct habitats integrated into one mammalian metropolis, early artwork for Zootopia displayed a large appetite for diverse vegetation. Our flexible toolset for procedural vegetation allowed us to easily customize the system to provide the required variation through new growth and animation module features, while maintaining art-directable control. We enriched the vegetation animation tools and workflows to support various levels of interaction with the characters and environment. To address the geometric complexity produced by all of this variation, we implemented various instancing schemes to allow the renderer to re-use as much geometry as possible.
(Invited) Rare Earth Materials for Semiconductor Applications (2010)

Rare earth based oxides are researched for logic and memory semiconductor applications. Their hygroscopic nature and tendency to form silicates make them a challenging class of materials in respect of processing and stability. Using LaAlO3, LuAlO3, and GdAlO3 we have explored the impact of the oxidant, H2O or O3, during deposition, their stability when exposed to air, and their stability towards silicate formation. We show that the rare earth content of the material has a significant impact on the uniformity of the process using water-based atomic layer deposition as well as on the material stability during air exposure. We also describe silicate formation for these materials and demonstrate that an oxidation process can be used to make silicate layers with well-controlled composition.
A 16 Gb/s/Link, 64 GB/s Bidirectional Asymmetric Memory Interface (2009)

This paper describes a bidirectional, differential, 16 Gb/s per link memory interface that includes a Controller and an emulated DRAM physical interface (PHY) designed in 65 nm CMOS. To achieve high data rate, the interface employs the following technology ingredients: asymmetric equalization, asymmetric timing calibration, asymmetric link margining, inductor based (LC) PLLs, multi-phase error correction, and a data dependent regulator. At 16 Gb/s, this interface achieves a unit-interval to inverter FO4 ratio of 2.8 (Controller) and 1.4 (DRAM) and operates in a channel with 15 dB loss at Nyquist. Under such bandwidth limitations on and off chip, the Controller and DRAM PHYs consume 13 mW/Gb/s and 8 mW/Gb/s, respectively. Using PRBS 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> -1, the link achieves a timing margin of 0.19 UI at a BER of 1e-12 for both read and write operations.
The Oxidation of ReCl5 with Oleum: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Re2O4Cl4(SO4) (2011)

Abstract The reaction of ReCl 5 and fuming sulfuric acid (25 % SO 3 ) in a sealed glass tube at 200 °C led to red, needle shaped single crystals of Re 2 O 4 Cl 4 (SO 4 ) (monoclinic, C 2/ c , a = 1501.8(2) pm, b = 1545.9(2) pm, c = 945.18(8) pm, β = 98.761(9)°, Z = 8). In the crystal structure the [ReO 2 ] moieties are linked by [SO 4 ] 2– tetrahedra to chains along the [101] direction. Each sulfate ion connects four rhenium atoms, additional two chloride ions complete the octahedral coordination sphere of each rhenium atom according to $\rm^1_\infty$ [ReO 2/1 Cl 2/1 (SO 4 ) 2/4 ].
Transients during line-starting of squirrel-cage induction motors (2010)

This paper discusses the transients associated with line-starting of squirrel-cage induction motors and potential difficulties posed by these transients. These include transient torques significantly in excess of the rated motor torque, large inrush currents and corresponding large dips in voltage. Test results are presented which illustrate these problems. The paper then discusses various techniques to ameliorate the effects of the starting process, including reduced-voltage and soft starting. The benefits of these techniques are illustrated through simulation. The oscillatory transient torques discussed in this paper are not new, but have often been ignored.
Superluminescent diode with a broadband gain based on self-assembled InAs quantum dots and segmented contacts for an optical coherence tomography light source (2016)

We report a broadband-gain superluminescent diode (SLD) based on self-assembled InAs quantum dots (QDs) for application in a high-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) light source. Four InAs QD layers, with sequentially shifted emission wavelengths achieved by varying the thickness of the In0.2Ga0.8As strain-reducing capping layers, were embedded in a conventional p-n heterojunction comprising GaAs and AlGaAs layers. A ridge-type waveguide with segmented contacts was formed on the grown wafer, and an as-cleaved 4-mm-long chip (QD-SLD) was prepared. The segmented contacts were effective in applying a high injection current density to the QDs and obtaining emission from excited states of the QDs, resulting in an extension of the bandwidth of the electroluminescence spectrum. In addition, gain spectra deduced with the segmented contacts indicated a broadband smooth positive gain region spanning 160 nm. Furthermore, OCT imaging with the fabricated QD-SLD was performed, and OCT images with an axial resolution of ∼4 μm in air were obtained. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the QD-SLD with segmented contacts as a high-resolution OCT light source.
PRLX 93936, a novel, small molecule with broad antitumor activity in vitro (2007)

A7 PRLX 93936 was identified as a potential anti-cancer therapeutic in a synthetic lethal screen against isogenic cell lines engineered to differentially express several oncogenes including activated RasV12. Subsequent testing against a series of normal and tumor cell lines derived from tumors with dissimilar causative mutations and limited treatment options, indicated potent and selective activity against 29 out 36 (50% inhibition at
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Intramolecular Proton Transfer in the Cyclization of Geranylgeranyl Diphosphate to (‐)‐Abietadiene Catalyzed by Recombinant Cyclase from Grand Fir (Abies grandis). (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Four functional GnRH receptors in zebrafish: analysis of structure, signaling, synteny and phylogeny (2008)

Reproduction in all vertebrates requires the brain hormone gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) to activate a cascade of events leading to gametogenesis. All vertebrates studied to date have one to three forms of GnRH in specific but different neurons in the brain. In addition, at least one type of GnRH receptor is present in each vertebrate for activation of specific physiological events within a target cell. Humans possess two types of GnRH (GnRH1 and GnRH2) but only one functional GnRH receptor. Zebrafish, Danio rerio, also have two types of GnRH (GnRH2 and GnRH3), although in contrast to humans, zebrafish appear to have four different GnRH receptors in their genome. To characterize the biological significance of multiple GnRH receptors within a single species, we cloned four GnRH receptor cDNAs from zebrafish and compared their structures, expression, and cell physiology. The zebrafish receptors are 7-transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors with amino-acid sequence identities ranging from 45 to 71% among the four receptors. High sequence similarity was observed among the seven helices of zebrafish GnRHRs compared with the human GnRHR, the green monkey type II GnRHR, and the two goldfish GnRHRs. Also, key amino acids for putative ligand binding, disulfide bond formation, N-glycosylation, and G-protein coupling were present in the extracellular and intracellular domains. The four zebrafish receptors were expressed in a variety of tissues including the brain, eye, and gonads. In an inositol phosphate assay, each receptor was functional as shown by its response to physiological doses of native GnRH peptides; two receptors showed selectivity between GnRH2 and GnRH3. Each of the four receptor genes was mapped to distinct chromosomes. Our phylogenetic and syntenic analysis segregated the four zebrafish GnRH receptors into two distinct phylogenetic groups that are separate gene lineages conserved throughout vertebrate evolution. We suggest the maintenance of four functional GnRH receptors in zebrafish compared with only one in humans may depend either on subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization in fish compared with mammalian GnRH receptors. The differences in structure, location, and response to GnRH forms strongly suggests that the four zebrafish GnRH receptors have novel functions in addition to the conventional activation of the pituitary gland in the reproductive axis.
Pharmacokinetics of Macitentan in Caucasian and Japanese Subjects: The Influence of Ethnicity and Sex (2013)

The data suggest that the minor differences in pharmacokinetics between the two groups are not clinically relevant and no dose adjustment of macitentan based on Japanese ethnic origin or sex is necessary.
The Study of Possibility for Airplane Detection Using a Solar FSR System (2020)

The article analyses the possibility for survemance airplanes by using solar radio emission in a forward scatter radar system. It's estimated as the magnitude of SNR at the input of the signal detector calculated depending on the size of airplanes, the way of the airplanes moving relative to the baseline (perpendicularly or parallel) for various values of the solar radio emission. The time of the contact of airplanes with the receiver beam influences on the duration of the signal received from airplanes. Changes in the angular width of the FS zone and in values of the aircraft FS RCS depending on the frequency values of the solar radio emission are also taken account in the calculation of SNR.
Metyrapone-Induced Corticosterone Deficiency Impairs Glucose Oxidation and Steroidogenesis in Leydig Cells of Adult Albino Rats. (2002)

The present study was designed to identify the effects of metyrapone-induced corticosterone deficiency on Leydig cell steroidogenesis in adult male rats. Adult Wistar rats (200-250 g body weight) were treated with metyrapone, an inhibitor of corticosterone synthesis (10 mg/100 g body weight, s.c., twice daily) for 10 days. Experimental animals were killed along with controls, blood was collected, and sera separated for testosterone and estradiol assays. Testes were removed and Leydig cells were isolated, purified and used for estimating the specific activity of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) and 14C-glucose oxidation. Serum testosterone (p < 0.05), Leydig cellular 14C-glucose oxidation (p < 0.001) and the specific activity of 17beta-HSD (p < 0.01) were significantly decreased in metyrapone treated rats. However, serum estradiol was not markedly altered compared to control. In addition to this, a set of in vitro experiments were also performed to identify the effects of metyrapone-induced corticosterone deficiency on hCG and prolactin-induced Leydig cell testosterone production. Metyrapone treatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the Leydig cellular basal as well as hCG and its combination with prolactin stimulated testosterone production in vitro. It is concluded from the present study that the inhibitory effects of metyrapone-induced corticosterone deficiency on Leydig cell steroidogenesis are mediated through impaired glucose oxidation and 17beta-HSD activity. In vitro studies showed that corticosterone deficiency impairs not only hCG action but also the potentiating effect of prolactin on Leydig cell steroidogenesis.
End point detection in ion beam milling of YBa2Cu3O7 thin films (1992)

In the processing of high temperature superconductor thin films into devices, the use of calibrated milling rates has proved unreliable as a means of determining the milled depth. This problem has been solved using in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry for identifying interfaces in multilayers based on YBa2Cu3O7. The depth resolution obtained during routine patterning of typical multilayers was ∼4 nm. Accurate termination of milling at an insulator/superconductor interface has been demonstrated. The presence of water vapor during milling has been shown to affect the proportions of the different secondary ion species, but has only a slight affect on the milling rate.
Aberrant DNA methylation in porcine in vitro‐, parthenogenetic‐, and somatic cell nuclear transfer‐produced blastocysts (2007)

Early embryonic development in the pig requires DNA methylation remodeling of the maternal and paternal genomes. Aberrant remodeling, which can be exasperated by in vitro technologies, is detrimental to development and can result in physiological and anatomic abnormalities in the developing fetus and offspring. Here, we developed and validated a microarray based approach to characterize on a global scale the CpG methylation profiles of porcine gametes and blastocyst stage embryos. The relative methylation in the gamete and blastocyst samples showed that 18.5% (921/4,992) of the DNA clones were found to be significantly different (P < 0.01) in at least one of the samples. Furthermore, for the different blastocyst groups, the methylation profile of the in vitro-produced blastocysts was less similar to the in vivo-produced blastocysts as compared to the parthenogenetic- and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-produced blastocysts. The microarray results were validated by using bisulfite sequencing for 12 of the genomic regions in liver, sperm, and in vivo-produced blastocysts. These results suggest that a generalized change in global methylation is not responsible for the low developmental potential of blastocysts produced by using in vitro techniques. Instead, the appropriate methylation of a relatively small number of genomic regions in the early embryo may enable early development to occur.
The structure, distribution and evolution of the Ta1 retrotransposable element family of Arabidopsis thaliana. (1990)

The Ta1 elements are a low copy number, copia-like retrotransposable element family of Arabidopsis thaliana. Six Ta1 insertions comprise all of the Ta1 element copies found in three geographically diverse A. thaliana races. These six elements occupy three distinct target sites: Ta1-1 is located on chromosome 5 and is common to all three races (Col-0, Kas-1 and La-0). Ta1-2 is present in two races on chromosome 4 (Kas-1 and La-0), and Ta1-3, also located on chromosome 4, is present only in one race (La-0). The six Ta1 insertions share greater than 96% nucleotide identity, yet are likely to be incapable of further transposition due to deletions or nucleotide changes that alter either the coding capacity of the elements or conserved protein domains required for retrotransposition. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of these elements and the distribution of Ta1 among 12 additional A. thaliana geographical races suggest that Ta1-1 predated the global dispersal of A. thaliana. As the species spread throughout the world, two additional transposition events occurred which gave rise first to Ta1-2 and finally to Ta1-3.