gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional parallelism: theoretical foundations and implementation (1992)

Thus far, parallelism at the loop level (or data-parallelism) has been almost exclusively the main target of parallelizing compilers. The variety of new parallel architectures and recent progress in interprocedural dependence analysis suggest new directions for the exploitation of parallelism across loop and procedure boundaries (or functional-parallelism). This thesis studies the problem of extracting functional parallelism from sequential programs. It presents the Hierarchical Task Graph (HTG) as an intermediate parallel program representation which encapsulates data and control dependences, and which can be used for the extraction and exploitation of functional parallelism. Control and data dependences require synchronization between tasks, and hence the problem of eliminating redundant control and data dependences is important. We show that determining precedence relationship is crucial in finding the essential data dependences for synchronization purposes, that there exists a unique minimum set of essential data dependences, and that finding this minimum set is NP-hard and NP-easy. We present heuristic algorithms, which appear to work well in practice, to find the minimum set of data dependences. The control and data dependences are used to derive execution conditions for tasks which maximize functional parallelism. We discuss the issue of optimization of such conditions and propose optimization algorithms. The hierarchical nature of the HTG facilitates efficient task-granularity control during code generation, and thus applicability for a variety of parallel architectures. The HTG has been implemented in the Parafrase-2 compiler and is used as the intermediate representation for generating parallel source code.
An intramolecular N‐arylation approach to 3‐functionalized 4,9‐dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐b]quinazolines (2011)

Abstract A series of 4,9‐dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐ b ]quinazolines containing electron withdrawing groups at the 3‐position have been prepared by the palladium‐catalyzed intramolecular N ‐arylation of some 2‐aminopyrroles having a 2‐bromobenzyl group at the N ‐1 position. Important for success of the reaction is the use of X‐phos, a biphenyl mono‐phosphine ligand, instead of xantphos, a more standard diphosphine ligand, and the use of t ‐BuOH as reaction solvent. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Addition von Aldehyden an aktivierte Doppelbindungen, XXIV. Darstellung und Reaktionen N‐haltiger 1,4‐Diketone (1980)

Abstract Unter Thiazoliumsalz‐Katalyse addieren N‐haltige Aldehyde an Vinylketone unter Bildung von 1,4‐Diketonen ( 1 – 27 ). Die erhaltenen Γ‐Diketone ( 20,25 ) lassen sich leicht zu Carbazolsystemen ( 28 – 31 ) umsetzen.
Crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of NodL, a rhizobial O‐acetyl‐transferase involved in the host‐specific nodulation of legume roots (1996)

The NodL specified O-acetyltransferase from the microbial symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum has been over-expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using affinity-elution dye chromatography as the key step. The protein has been crystallized at 20 degrees C in 18% PEG 600, 0.1 M Tris/HCl buffer, pH 8.5, containing 1% dioxane, 0.25% octyl-beta-glucoside, and 5 mM coenzyme A using the hanging drop vapor diffusion method. Ambient temperature X-ray diffraction studies reveal the space group to be hexagonal (P6(3)22) with lattice constants a = b = 77.08 A, c = 160.6 A, and alpha = beta = 90 degrees, gamma = 120 degrees. Crystals that are flash-frozen to 120 K diffract beyond 2.7 A.
Mining Contracts for Business Events and Temporal Constraints in Service Engagements (2013)

Contracts are legally binding descriptions of business service engagements. In particular, we consider business events as elements of a service engagement. Business events such as purchase, delivery, bill payment, and bank interest accrual not only correspond to essential processes but are also inherently temporally constrained. Identifying and understanding the events and their temporal relationships can help a business partner determine what to deliver and what to expect from others as it participates in the service engagement specified by a contract. However, contracts are expressed in unstructured text and their insights are buried therein. Our contributions are threefold. We develop a novel approach employing a hybrid of surface patterns, parsing, and classification to extract 1) business events and 2) their temporal constraints from contract text. We use topic modeling to 3) automatically organize the event terms into clusters. An evaluation on a real-life contract dataset demonstrates the viability and promise of our hybrid approach, yielding an F-measure of 0.89 in event extraction and 0.90 in temporal constraints extraction. The topic model yields event term clusters with an average match of 85 percent between two independent human annotations and an expert-assigned set of class labels for the clusters.
Machine Learning for 3D-IC Electric-Thermal Simulation and Management (2018)

Thermal management for 3-D ICs is not only important but also challenging. While air-cooled heat sink is agreed to become incapable for 3-D ICs, microchannel cooling has provided a better solution. In this paper, a machine learning method, Bayesian Optimization (BO), is applied in 3-D ICs with a time-dependent power map to intelligently control the flow rates of the tier-specific microfluidic heatsink (MFHS) for dynamic thermal management (DTM).
Replicode: a constructivist programming paradigm and languate. Version 2.0. Revison 4 (2013)

Replicode is a language designed to encode short parallel programs and executable models, and is centered on the notions of extensive pattern-matching1 and dynamic code production.
Enzalutamide and CXCR7 inhibitor combination treatment suppresses cell growth and angiogenic signaling in castration‐resistant prostate cancer models (2017)

Previous studies have shown that increased levels of chemokine receptor CXCR7 are associated with the increased invasiveness of prostate cancer cells. We now show that CXCR7 expression is upregulated in VCaP and C4-2B cells after enzalutamide (ENZ) treatment. ENZ treatment induced apoptosis (sub-G1) in VCaP and C4-2B cells, and this effect was further increased after combination treatment with ENZ and CCX771, a specific CXCR7 inhibitor. The levels of p-EGFR (Y1068), p-AKT (T308) and VEGFR2 were reduced after ENZ and CCX771 combination treatment compared to single agent treatment. In addition, significantly greater reductions in migration were shown after combination treatment compared to those of single agents or vehicle controls, and importantly, similar reductions in the levels of secreted VEGF were also demonstrated. Orthotopic VCaP xenograft growth and subcutaneous MDA133-4 patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor growth was reduced by single agent treatment, but significantly greater suppression was observed in the combination treatment group. Although overall microvessel densities in the tumor tissues were not different among the different treatment groups, a significant reduction in large blood vessels (>100 μm<sup>2</sup> ) was observed in tumors following combination treatment. Apoptotic indices in tumor tissues were significantly increased following combination treatment compared with vehicle control-treated tumor tissues. Our results demonstrate that significant tumor suppression mediated by ENZ and CXCR7 combination treatment may be due, in part, to reductions in proangiogenic signaling and in the formation of large blood vessels in prostate cancer tumors.
8C-6 Anisotropic Viscoelastic Properties of the Corpus Callosum - Application of High-Resolution 3D MR-Elastography to an Alzheimer Mouse Model (2007)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration together with declining activities of daily living and neuropsychiatric symptoms. It is the most common cause of dementia. It is recognized that the production and maintenance of myelin is essential for normal brain function. Aging-related breakdown of myelin negatively impacts the cognitive performances with the neurofibrilary tangles and amyloid plaques being the hallmarks of the disease. Nowadays, the only definite way to diagnose AD is to find out whether there are plaques and tangles in brain tissue. This requires histopathological examination of brain tissue. Previous researches on AD using MRI mainly focus on direct plaque imaging. This study aims to validate the hypothesis that AD alters the mechanical properties of the axons in the region between hippocampus and cortex, i.e. within the corpus callosum (CC) which is an area strongly affected by demyelination. As a unique tool to study non-invasively those properties, we use 3D MR-elastography operating at 1000 Hz mechanical excitation frequency. Post-processing of the complex-valued displacement field provides the local fiber direction (determined by two Euler angles) and two complex shear moduli: one perpendicular to the local fiber direction and one parallel to it. Each modulus is a complex number giving access to both the anisotropic elasticity mu and viscosity eta. The displacement fields are measured at an isotropic resolution of 300 mum. Four transgenic female mice expressing mutant human APP/PS1 genes and three wild-type (WT) control mice were studied over several weeks. We observe locally enhanced elasticity and viscosity in the corpus callosum compared to the rest of the brain. As expected from normal anatomy, this region also shows a significantly higher anisotropy (mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">par</sub> - mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">perp</sub> ) characterizing the transversal isotropic mechanical properties of this white matter region. The AD group shows a decrease in both mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">par</sub> and mu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">perp</sub> . It also seems to have a decreased value of perpendicular viscosity suggesting easier wave propagation in the transverse direction due to demyelination. Those preliminary results indicate that AD alters the mechanical properties of the white matter. Those differences were not detectable when utilizing an isotropic model for the reconstruction of the viscoelastic properties.
Serum and mucosal antibody responses to inactivated polio vaccine after sublingual immunization using a thermoresponsive gel delivery system (2014)

Administering vaccines directly to mucosal surfaces can induce both serum and mucosal immune responses. Mucosal responses may prevent establishment of initial infection at the port of entry and subsequent dissemination to other sites. The sublingual route is attractive for mucosal vaccination, but both a safe, potent adjuvant and a novel formulation are needed to achieve an adequate immune response. We report the use of a thermoresponsive gel (TRG) combined with a double mutant of a bacterial heat-labile toxin (dmLT) for sublingual immunization with a trivalent inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) in mice. This TRG delivery system, which changes from aqueous solution to viscous gel upon contact with the mucosa at body temperature, helps to retain the formulation at the site of delivery and has functional adjuvant activity from the inclusion of dmLT. IPV was administered to mice either sublingually in the TRG delivery system or intramuscularly in phosphate-buffered saline. We measured poliovirus type-specific serum neutralizing antibodies as well as polio-specific serum Ig and IgA antibodies in serum, saliva, and fecal samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Mice receiving sublingual vaccination via the TRG delivery system produced both mucosal and serum antibodies, including IgA. Intramuscularly immunized animals produced only serum neutralizing and binding Ig but no detectable IgA. This study provides proof of concept for sublingual immunization using the TRG delivery system, comprising a thermoresponsive gel and dmLT adjuvant.
Oligo-β-(1,3)-glucanes-mannitol : analyse structurale, synthèse et activités biologiques (2006)

Les oligosaccharides jouent des roles importants dans de nombreux evenements biologiques a la surface des cellules. Nous nous sommes donc interesses a la Phycarine®, β-(1,3)-glucane d'origine marine, presentant d'excellentes proprietes d'immunostimulation. La caracterisation chimique nous a permis de distinguer 2 familles de molecules composees d'environ 25 unites glucose et presentant une entite glucose ou mannitol en position reductrice. Notre objectif a ete de preparer des oligo-β-glucanes presentant un mannitol en position terminale reductrice. La premiere voie de synthese consiste a glycosyler un derive mannosidique par une entite glucane, puis a effectuer la reduction conduisant au derive mannitol. La seconde strategie repose sur l'epimerisation d'une entite glucosidique et a ete envisagee selon deux schemas differents. Nous avons ainsi elabore un procede de synthese original nous amenant a la preparation d'oligosaccharides par iteration ou a partir d'oligo-β-glucanes deproteges.
New Basis for the Development of the next-generation Flickermeters (2010)

Flicker severity is a parameter defined in the Standard EN 50160 that involves both power quality and physiological features. Due to practical and theoretical reasons, the Flickermeter described by the relevant International Standard may lead to incorrect results when used to correlate voltage variations with annoyance caused by fluctuations of light emitted by other types of lamps different than those based on the incandescent-filament principle. Therefore, its replacement is under consideration by some international organizations given that these last type of lamps will be no more available on the marked starting from the next year. This paper is aiming at providing a contribution to the study of a new theory to be used for the design of the next generation Flickermeter that must account for a wider variety of luminous sources. In particular the research is focused on finding a new method for detecting the human being annoyance in presence of luminous flicker. It is based on the measurement of the pupil diameter under flicker conditions. First preliminary results confirm that this measurement technique can be considered for the above purpose.
Some nematodes belonging to the genus Tylenchorhynchus Cobb, 1913 (nematoda: belonolaimidae), from Romania (2004)

Specimens belonging to three known species of Tylenchorhynchus (T. agri, T. dubius and T. maximus) collected from various localities in Romania were studied by light microscopy. Additional morphometries, illustrations and data referring to their habitat are provided. The geographical distribution of T. dubius and T. maxim liS in Romania is broadened. A description and illustration of a previously undescribed species, based upon a single female, is given.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Evaluation of 17α‐E‐20‐(Heteroaryl)norpregn‐1,3,5 (10),20‐tetraene‐3,17β‐diols [17α‐(Heteroaryl)vinyl Estradiols] as Ligands for the Estrogen Receptor‐α Ligand Binding Domain (ERα‐LBD). (2012)

Abstract A series of 17α‐(heteroaryl)vinyl estradiols (III) is synthesized to evaluate the influence of heteroatom on the affinity and efficacy of estrogenic ligands for the estrogen receptor‐alpha ligand binding domain.
Sulfur incorporation into copper indium diselenide single crystals through annealing in hydrogen sulfide (2006)

CuInSe 2 crystals were sulfurized in a H2S–Ar gas mixture at 575 °C. The focus was on the resulting mass transport, in particular, on the interdiffusion of Se and S. Experiments were done for various sulfurization times, and the resulting S distribution was measured by Auger electron spectroscopy sputter depth profiling and analyzed with the Boltzmann-Matano method. A one-dimensional diffusion process had shaped the S distribution in these crystals. The respective diffusion coefficient was on the order of 10−16cm2∕s, and it varied only slightly with the S content in CuIn(Se,S)2.
Complement S-protein (vitronectin) is associated with cytolytic membrane-bound C5b-9 complexes. (1988)

It has been assumed that S-protein (vitronectin) associates with terminal C5b-9 complement complexes only when the latter fail to attach to target lipid bilayers, thereby forming inactive fluid-phase SC5b-9 complexes. Using monoclonal anti-S-protein antibodies, we show here that a minor portion of C5b-9 complexes associated with both homologous and heterologous cells contain S-protein. This conclusion derives from Western blot analyses, from the sedimentation behaviour of solubilized S-protein, and from the fact that the protein co-immunoprecipitates with C5b-9(m). Association of S-protein with C5b-9(m) takes place primarily at the stage of C9-binding. An average of less than or equal to 0.4 moles of S-protein are estimated to be present per mole C5b-9(m). Hence, only a fraction of C5b-9 complexes contain S-protein. The function of cell-bound S-protein is unknown. Haemolytic titrations with purified components failed to demonstrate any protective effect of S-protein on the lysis of sheep or human erythrocytes by C5b-9. S-protein bound to complement-lysed homologous or heterologous cells is readily detectable by conventional immunocytochemical staining. We conclude that differentiation between tissue-deposited fluid-phase C5b-9 and membrane C5b-9 complexes cannot be made on the basis of immunohistological stainings for S-protein alone.
Surface-attached sulfonamide containing quaternary ammonium antimicrobials for textiles and plastics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;With the risks associated with healthcare-associated infections and the rise of antibiotic resistant microorganisms, there is an important need to control the proliferation of these factors in hospitals, retirement homes and other institutions. This work explores the development and application of a novel class of sulfonamide-based quaternary ammonium antimicrobial coatings, anchored to commercially and clinically relevant material surfaces. Synthesized in high yields (60–97%), benzophenone-anchored antimicrobials were spray-coated and UV grafted onto plastic surfaces, while silane-anchored variants were adhered to select textiles &lt;em&gt;via&lt;/em&gt; dip-coating. Surface modified samples were characterised by advancing contact angle, anionic dye staining, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. After verifying coating quality through the above characterization methods, microbiological testing was performed on batch samples in conditions that simulate the natural inoculation of surfaces and objects (solid/air) and water containers (solid/liquid). Using the previously established Large Drop Inoculum (LDI) protocol at solid/air interfaces, all treated samples showed a full reduction (105–107 CFU) of viable &lt;em&gt;Arthrobacter&lt;/em&gt; sp., &lt;em&gt;S. aureus&lt;/em&gt;, and &lt;em&gt;E. coli&lt;/em&gt; after 3 h of contact time. Additional testing of the walls of plastic LDPE vials treated with a UV-cured sulfonamide antimicrobial at a solid/liquid interface using the newly developed Large Reservoir Inoculum (LRI) protocol under static conditions revealed a complete kill (&gt;106 reduction) of Gram-positive &lt;em&gt;Arthrobacter&lt;/em&gt; sp., and a partial kill (&gt;104 reduction) of Gram-negative &lt;em&gt;E. coli&lt;/em&gt; within 24–48 h of contact.&lt;/p&gt;
12.2: Invited Paper : Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes for Near‐to‐eye and Direct View Display Applications (2011)

Abstract Quantum dot light emitting diodes QLEDs are a printable thin film electroluminescent technology that can deliver exceptional color and efficiency at low cost of manufacture for display and solid‐state lighting applications. However, while most literature reports focus on the performance of individual test pixels, examples of working display prototypes have been sorely lacking. We report on our progress developing QLEDs for near‐to‐eye and direct view display applications. Both a 4″ diagonal active‐matrix bottom‐emitting monochrome QLED display and an 800×600 SVGA top‐emitting monochrome QLED microdisplay are reported on and their performance summarized. Contract printing of high‐resolution RGB QDs is also demonstrated as a milestone towards full‐color displays.
Ecosystem Interactions Underlie the Spread of Avian Influenza A Viruses with Pandemic Potential (2016)

Despite evidence for avian influenza A virus (AIV) transmission between wild and domestic ecosystems, the roles of bird migration and poultry trade in the spread of viruses remain enigmatic. In this study, we integrate ecosystem interactions into a phylogeographic model to assess the contribution of wild and domestic hosts to AIV distribution and persistence. Analysis of globally sampled AIV datasets shows frequent two-way transmission between wild and domestic ecosystems. In general, viral flow from domestic to wild bird populations was restricted to within a geographic region. In contrast, spillover from wild to domestic populations occurred both within and between regions. Wild birds mediated long-distance dispersal at intercontinental scales whereas viral spread among poultry populations was a major driver of regional spread. Viral spread between poultry flocks frequently originated from persistent lineages circulating in regions of intensive poultry production. Our analysis of long-term surveillance data demonstrates that meaningful insights can be inferred from integrating ecosystem into phylogeographic reconstructions that may be consequential for pandemic preparedness and livestock protection.
Synthesis of Superabsorbent Poly(vinylamine) Core–Shell Particles Monitored by Time-Domain NMR (2021)

Poly(vinylamine) (PVAm) is an excellent candidate for cationic superabsorbent polymers with a high charge density due to −NH3+ groups. The simultaneous presence of primary amine groups also allows for versatile chemical postprocessing. Here, we present the synthesis of superabsorbent, spherical PVAm particles using photopolymerization in a microfluidic device followed by acidic hydrolysis of poly(N-vinylformamide) (PNVF) precursor hydrogels. We further surface cross-link the PVAm particles (d ∼ 480 μm) under mild conditions, using a highly reactive, water-soluble bis(N-acylpiperidone) cross-linker. Water absorbency measurements are performed to test the impact of surface cross-linking on the degree of swelling at equilibrium. Yet, absorption capacity is only a macroscopic property and not able to verify surface cross-linking. The characterization of the core–shell topology is, however, not trivial, as commonly used methods, such as scattering techniques and transmission microscopy, are only applicable for nano- and microgels. To overcome this limitation, we conduct noninvasive low-field 1H NMR transverse T2 relaxation measurements on swollen particles to obtain additional molecular insights into the network structure as a function of synthetic parameters, such as charge density and surface cross-linking. We find that higher degrees of surface cross-linking lead to broader apparent T2 distributions with an increasing contribution of lower T2 times, suggesting an increase in network heterogeneity consisting of rigid and flexible domains, which are attributed to the shell and core, respectively.