gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Everolimus improves the efficacy of dasatinib in PDGFRα-driven glioma (2020)

Pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas (HGGs) frequently harbor PDGFRA alterations. We hypothesized that cotreatment with everolimus may improve the efficacy of dasatinib in PDGFRα-driven glioma through combinatorial synergism and increased tumor accumulation of dasatinib. We performed dose-response, synergism, P-glycoprotein inhibition, and pharmacokinetic studies in in vitro and in vivo human and mouse models of HGG. Six patients with recurrent PDGFRα-driven glioma were treated with dasatinib and everolimus. We found that dasatinib effectively inhibited the proliferation of mouse and human primary HGG cells with a variety of PDGFRA alterations. Dasatinib exhibited synergy with everolimus in the treatment of HGG cells at low nanomolar concentrations of both agents, with a reduction in mTOR signaling that persisted after dasatinib treatment alone. Prolonged exposure to everolimus significantly improved the CNS retention of dasatinib and extended the survival of PPK tumor-bearing mice (mutant TP53, mutant PDGFRA, H3K27M). Six pediatric patients with glioma tolerated this combination without significant adverse events, and 4 patients with recurrent disease (n = 4) had a median overall survival of 8.5 months. Our results show that the efficacy of dasatinib treatment of PDGFRα-driven HGG was enhanced with everolimus and suggest a promising route for improving targeted therapy for this patient population.
Experimental characterization of process corners effect on SRAM alpha and neutron Soft Error Rates (2012)

This paper shows alpha and neutron experimental Soft Error Rate characterization of a SRAM test vehicle processed with different process corners in order to emulate the variability encountered in volume production. It allows assessing large variability effects with few samples that are compatible with accelerated SER testing. This allows investigating the effect of variability in mass-production on soft error rate of deca-nanometric technologies.
Electro-magnetic interference (EMI) due to non-conducted coupling paths in switching mode converter (2002)

A simplified model which takes into account minimum coupling paths (MCP) for a switching mode power converter is presented. A minimum number of coupling capacitors are found which connect between all three terminals of a LISN and nodes of a converter circuit. Simulation that shows both inductive and capacitive coupling mechanisms may contribute substantial noise at the input.
Coexpression of Translocated and Normal c- myc Oncogenes in Hybrids Between Daudi and Lymphoblastoid Cells (1985)

Mechanisms that affect the transcription of the c-myc oncogene take part in the development of B-cell neoplasias such as Burkitt's lymphoma. Daudi Burkitt lymphoma cells, which express only the translocated c-myc oncogene, were hybridized with human lymphoblastoid cells, which express the normal c-myc gene; the hybrids were phenotypically lymphoblastoid and expressed both the translocated and the normal c-myc gene. This result contrasts with the findings that the decapitated c-myc gene, translocated to an immunoglobulin switch mu or alpha region, is transcriptionally silent in lymphoblastoid hybrids. Thus, there may be at least two distinct enhancer-like elements capable of deregulating c-myc transcription in lymphomas and leukemias with t(8;14) chromosome translocations. In addition, since the Daudi X lymphoblastoid hybrids express both the translocated and the normal c-myc gene, the c-myc gene product does not autoregulate c-myc transcription.
Minority carrier diffusion length measurements - A review and comparison of techniques (1982)

A review of the major techniques for measuring minority carrier diffusion lengths in solar cells is given. Limits of applicability are indicated for each method, as relevant to indirect bandgap materials such as silicon, and direct bandgap materials like gallium arsenide. A discussion and bibliography is presented for the following techniques: uniform generation, electron beam induced current, Schottky barrier (and other steady-state) photocurrent, surface photovoltage, transient decay, and luminescence.
A New Synthesis for Dual Use Research of Concern (2015)

Michael Imperiale and Arturo Casadevall propose a path forward for life sciences research whose results could be misused to cause harm.
Herstellung eines Mikrokettengewebes durch gleichzeitige elektrochemische Metallabscheidung auf einer Ebene und mehreren Zylindern (2001)

Basteln mit Büroklammern? Nein, eine allgemeine Methode zur Herstellung komplexer 3D-Mikrostrukturen wird vorgestellt. Die 3D-Struktur wird in Untereinheiten zerlegt, deren Mikromuster auf getrennte Substrate aufgebracht werden, aus denen die Gesamtstruktur durch geeignetes Anordnen zusammengesetzt werden kann. Die Abbildung zeigt eine lichtmikroskopische Aufnahme eines Mikrokettengewebes aus Nickel.
Non‐Toxic Dry‐Coated Nanosilver for Plasmonic Biosensors (2010)

The plasmonic properties of noble metals facilitate their use for in-vivo bio-applications such as targeted drug delivery and cancer cell therapy. Nanosilver is best suited for such applications as it has the lowest plasmonic losses among all such materials in the UV-visible spectrum. Its toxicity, however, can destroy surrounding healthy tissues and thus, hinders its safe use. Here, that toxicity against a model biological system (<i>Escherichia coli</i>) is "cured" or blocked by coating nanosilver hermetically with a about 2 nm thin SiO<sub>2</sub> layer in one-step by a scalable flame aerosol method followed by swirl injection of a silica precursor vapor (hexamethyldisiloxane) without reducing the plasmonic performance of the enclosed or encapsulated silver nanoparticles (20 - 40 nm in diameter as determined by X-ray diffraction and microscopy). This creates the opportunity to safely use powerful nanosilver for intracellular bio-applications. The label-free biosensing and surface bio-functionalization of these ready-to-use, non-toxic (benign) Ag nanoparticles is presented by measuring the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in a model sensing experiment. Furthermore, the silica coating around nanosilver prevents its agglomeration or flocculation (as determined by thermal annealing, optical absorption spectroscopy and microscopy) and thus, enhances its biosensitivity, including bioimaging as determined by dark field illumination.
Joint Digital Signal Processing Receivers for Spatial Superchannels (2012)

We discuss the advantages of spatial superchannels for future terabit networks based on space-division multiplexing (SDM), and demonstrate reception of spatial superchannels by a coherent receiver utilizing joint digital signal processing (DSP). In a spatial superchannel, the SDM modes at a given wavelength are routed together, allowing a simplified design of both transponders and optical routing equipment. For example, common-mode impairments can be exploited to streamline the receiver's DSP. Our laboratory measurements reveal that the phase fluctuations between the cores of a multicore fiber are strongly correlated, and therefore constitute such a common-mode impairment. We implement master-slave phase recovery of two simultaneous 112-Gbps subchannels in a seven-core fiber, demonstrating reduced processing complexity with no increase in the bit-error ratio. Furthermore, we investigate the feasibility of applying this technique to subchannels carried on separate single-mode fibers, a potential transition strategy to evolve today's fiber networks toward future networks using multicore fibers.
Effect of Temperature and CO2 Content on the Natural Gas Production from Shale Gas Reservoirs (2017)

Abstract Unconventional natural gas resources including shale and tight gas reservoirs hold most of natural gas reserves around the world. However, these resources pose a great challenge in reserve estimation, modeling flow behavior, reservoir simulation, drilling, history matching, and well testing. Because of high complexity of rock composition, poor petrophysical properties and tightness of the pore system gas-rock interactions can no longer be ignored since they provide crucial information about the flow and recovery processes. Gas adsorption is one of the most important mechanisms describing gas-rock interaction. In this work, adsorption of CH4 and CO2 on the organic-rich Qusaiba Shale, Saudi Arabia was studied. XRD analysis showed that the shale consists mainly of clays, Quartz and K-feldspar. SEM characterization shows that the shale has a wide range of pore types and sizes. The total organuic carbon (TOC) of the studied samples has an average of 6.10 wt% and Tmax is 417°C which indicates the shale immaturity. The results of the experimental study showed that the CO2 content in the natural gas has a noticeable effect on the desorption of the natural gas from the shale rock. The studied shale sample has no CH4 adsorption at 50°C and it increases slightly to 16 mg/g after increasing temperature to 100°C and further increased to 145 mg/g at 150°C which is attributed to opening of the pores that previously blocked by organic matter when the temperature increases at 50°C and 100°C. Increasing CO2 fraction in the mixture from 0% to 10% CO2 the total maximum gas uptake increased to approximately 24%, 26% and 31% at 50°C, 100°C and 150°C respectively. The pure CO2 adsorption on was the approximately 85 mg/g and increased to 555 mg/g at 150°C and 44 bar which reflects the high shale attraction toward CO2. Also, The TOC and shale mineralogy affected the adsorption behavior of CO2 and CH4 on the studied shale sample causing the adsorption behavior to be endothermic i.e. increasing adsorption with increasing temperature. The presence of water bearing clay minerals that are sensitivity to temperature causing damage to crystal structure which resulted in huge increase in the adsorption uptake at high temperatures. The adsorption isotherms analysis confirmed that Langmuir isotherm is not the suitable model to be used for adsorption for all studied gases at the studied temperatures. The temperature changes have projected a tremendous effect on the desorption process of the natural gas.
A Review of Early Mouse Embryogenesis and its Applications to Domestic Species (1988)

The early mammalian embryo undergoes a variety of changes as development proceeds from the one-cell to the blastocyst stage. Most of these changes can be related to activity of the genome. In the early embryo the genome is quiescent and does not produce RNA until species-specific cell stages. This activation of the embryonic genome results in changes in distribution of cell surface microvilli and spatial organization of cytoplasmic organelles, as well as in establishment of cellular junctions and differential utilization of carbohydrates as energy sources. Many of these events have been well characterized for the mouse, but similar comparative studies in domestic species are lacking. This review attempts to highlight early development in the mouse and draw comparisons with domestic species.
A Gradient-Based Approach for Coordinating Smart Vehicles and Traffic Lights at Intersections (2021)

In this letter we consider the coordination of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) with intelligent traffic control signalization to improve the performance of traffic at intersections. We propose a coordination method based on a gradient-based multi-agent system. Specifically, we consider both the traffic light and the approaching vehicles as smart connected agents and we define a suitable edge tension function for each connection between agents. The agents then run a decentralized gradient descent control policy that drives them towards a desirable sequence of intersection crossings. In the literature, the problem of coordinating CAVs at intersections has been widely explored, with different algorithms being proposed. However, the problem of considering both smart traffic lights and smart cars simultaneously is relatively unexplored, especially from a multi-agent system, gradient-based, perspective. The advantages of the edge tension approach lie in its simplicity in terms of computation and in its ability to scale to larger networks. Furthermore, the control framework is applicable under different connected vehicle penetration rates. This flexibility is a desirable advantage given the gradual nature of the implementation of autonomy in real traffic networks. The proposed strategy is evaluated in simulation and significant fuel savings and delay improvements are shown in comparison with fixed-time traffic light control.
A 4.2 K readout channel in a standard 0.7 μm CMOS process for a photoconductor array camera (2002)

The cryogenic design of a cold CMOS readout channel to be used in the Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) aboard the Herschel Space Observatory (HSO, formerly called FIRST) [1], is presented. Robust architectures and optimized sizing reduce the effect of cryogenic anomalities on the circuit. Simulation results and tests, both at room temperature and 4 K show a non-linearity <2%, a hysteresis of <5mV and noise < 100nV/Hz 1/2 @ 30Hz.
Two-pump fiber OPAs with flat gain over 100 nm bandwidth (2008)

In this paper we review recent experiments where well designed highly nonlinear fibers (HNLFs) give rise to flat gain over 115 nm is, also we discuss the feasibility of broadband two-pump optical parametric amplifiers (2P-FOPAs). It is believed that further improvements in designing and fabrication of HNLFs could result in 2P-OPAs with more than 200 nm. However, there is still one factor that we observed enhanced the gain ripple, and this is a phase mismatch introduced by the real part of the Raman susceptibility. Nevertheless, it was observed that the amount of gain ripple introduced by this effect varied from fiber to fiber.
A Crystallographic and Spectroscopic Study of the Complex between d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 and 2,5-Bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan, an Analogue of Berenil. Structural Origins of Enhanced DNA-Binding Affinity (1996)

2,5-Bis(4-guanylphenyl)furan ("furamidine") is a dicationic minor groove binding drug that has been shown to be more effective than pentamidine against the Pneumocystis carinii pathogen in an immunosuppressed rat model. It has a close structural similarity to the antitrypanosomal drug berenil, differing only on the replacement of the central triazene unit with a furan moiety. we have determined the crystal structure of the complex between furamidine and the DNA dodecamer d(CGCGAATTCGCG)2 and compared it with the same DNA sequence by UV-visible, fluorescence, and CD spectroscopy. Furamidine shows tighter binding to this sequence (Keq = 6.7 x 10(6)) than berenil (Keq = 6.6 x 10(5)). The crystal structure reveals that, unlike berenil, furamidine makes direct hydrogen bond interactions with this DNA sequence through both amidinium groups to O2 atoms of thymine bases and is more isohelical with the minor groove. Molecular mechanics calculations support the hypothesis that these differences result in the improved interaction energy between the ligand and the DNA.
Potential therapeutic activity of adecatumumab (MT201), a fully human monoclonal antibody, against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in uterine serous papillary carcinoma (2009)

e16502 Background: Uterine serous papillary carcinoma (USPC) represents a variant of endometrial cancer characterized by a highly aggressive biologic behavior and inborn resistance to chemotherapy. MT201 is a fully human monoclonal antibody recently developed against epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM). In this study we have evaluated the potential of MT201 as a novel therapeutic strategy against USPC. Methods: EpCAM expression was evaluated by real time-PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a total of 54 USPC fresh-frozen biopsies and paraffin embedded tissues. EpCAM surface expression was evaluated by flow cytometry in 6 freshly established USPC cell lines derived from advanced stage USPC patients. Sensitivity to MT201 antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) was tested in standard 4-hour chromium ( 51 Cr) release cytotoxicity assays. Results: EpCAM transcript was significantly overexpressed in fresh frozen USPC when compared to fresh-frozen normal endometrial cells (NEC) [i.e., mean (minimum-maximum) copy number of 515.4 (31.5–1568.3) in tumor samples versus 8.1 (1.0–25.5) in flash-frozen NEC (p &lt; 0.001)]. By IHC, EpCAM protein expression was found in 96% (26 out of 27) USPC samples and this expression was significantly higher when compared to normal endometrial cells (p &lt; 0.01). High surface expression of EpCAM by flow cytometry was found in 83% (5 out of 6) of the primary USPC cell lines available to this study. Importantly, while primary USPC cell lines were highly resistant to natural killer dependent cytotoxicity in vitro, EpCAM positive cell lines were found highly sensitive to MT201-mediated ADCC. Human serum IgG did inhibit MT201-mediated cytotoxicity against USPC in vitro. Conclusions: These results demonstrate for the first time high EpCAM expression in uterine serous carcinoma at mRNA and protein levels and high sensitivity to MT201-mediated cytotoxicity in vitro by primary USPC cell lines. MT201 might be a novel and attractive therapeutic strategy in patients harboring advanced, recurrent or metastatic USPC refractory to standard treatment modalities. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Representation of process mode correlation for scheduling (1998)

The specijcation of embedded systems veq often contains a mi.x~ureof diferent models of computation. In particular the data $oti~and control $oiv associated to the transformative and reactii'e domains, respectively, are tightly coupled. The paper considers classes of applications that feature communicating processes ~vhoseflmctions depend on a]nite set of computation modes. The change behveen these modes is synchronized by data communication. An approach is presented to model the correlation of process modes and to fidly utilize this information for schedlding. A modeling ~ample sho}vs the optimization potential of the n~v approach.
Soil Fertility Variability and Constraints on Village Scale Transects in Northern Burkina Faso (1999)

Soil variability has a profound impact on crop yields in low-input agriculture. The objectives of this study were to examine soil fertility variability and to identify potential soil constraints relating to farmers' conditions for agricultural production in the Sahelian zone of northern Burkina Faso. Surface soil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (20-100 cm) were sampled from 25 pedons on village-scale transects embracing three genetic soil units: two generations of sandy dune soils showing incipient development; a complex unit of clayey pediplain soils with duplex properties showing both alkaline and acid subsoil reaction; and hydromorphic, clayey valley bottom soils. Particle size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity, cation exchange capacity, exchangeable base cations and acidity, soluble base cations, organic carbon, nitrogen, total and available phosphorus, moisture constants, and bulk density were determined. Contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, total and available phosphorus,and exchangeable potassium are low in all soils and are presumably major constraints.The sodium influenced clayey soils show high absolute variability; properties that vary are subsoil clay (5.8-38.5%), pH (5.8-10.0), cation exchange capacity (4.49-24.81 cmolc kg1), exchangeable sodium percentage (0-26), as well as electrical conductivity, structure, consistency, and available water holding capacity. The sandy soils are homogeneous and not as acid as elsewhere in the Sahel, presumably due to a dust influx. The soil fertility is generally low but highly variable, implying that constraints within production units may consist of multiple com binations of adverse chemical and physical properties, conceptually consistent with the low and variable millet yields. The variability also implies that soil character ization depends on the design of soil sampling, that average values are of doubtful use, that application of chemical fertilizers will produce very different results, and that there is no general scheme for correcting soil fertility. The application of lives tock manure will continue to be the best strategy for sustaining soil productivity. Keywords: SahelSemiaridSoil Properties
Behaviour of Condensing Gaseous Species under Various Operating Conditions in a Combustion Facility (2013)

Condensing species behaviour downstream of a combustor was discussed with particle size distribution in this study. The effects of operating conditions in a biomass combustion facility, i.e. concentration of condensing species, temperature gradient, residence time and injection of adsorbents, on particle size distribution were investigated. Pyroligneous liquid which was completely vaporized at the temperature higher than was used as a representative of condensing gaseous species. We found that particle size downstream of a combustor increased with increasing heating temperature (i.e. concentration of condensing species) and residence time. However, temperature gradient was not an important factor to control the particle size. The addition of precursor as an adsorbent could effectively prevent the particle formation by adsorbing condensing gaseous species on particles, and increased the particle size up to 300 nm, resulting in increasing particle removal efficiency in a conventional air pollution control device.
Pre- to postexpedition changes in the energy usage of women undertaking sustained expeditionary polar travel (2018)

This paper reports the metabolic energy changes in six women who made the first unsupported traverse of Antarctica, covering a distance of 1,700 km in 61 days, hauling sledges weighing up to 80 kg. Pre- and postexpedition, measurements of energy expenditure and substrate utilization were made on all six members of the expedition over a 36-h period in a whole body calorimeter. During the study, subjects were fed an isocaloric diet: 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein. The experimental protocol contained pre- and postexpedition measurement, including periods of sleep, rest, and three periods of standardized stepping exercise at 80, 100, and 120 steps/min. A median (interquartile range) decrease in the lean and fat weight of the subjects of 1.4 (1.0) and 4.4 (1.8) kg, respectively (P < 0.05) was found, using air-displacement plethysmography. No statistically significant difference was found between pre- and postexpedition values for sleeping or resting metabolic rate, nor for diet-induced thermogenesis. A statistically significant difference was found in energy expenditure between the pre- and postexpedition values for exercise at 100 [4.7 (0.23) vs. 4.4 (0.29), P < 0.05] and 120 [5.7 (0.46) vs. 5.5 (0.43), P < 0.05] steps/min; a difference that disappeared when the metabolic rate values were normalized to body weight. The group was well matched for the measures studied. Whereas a physiological change in weight was seen, the lack of change in metabolic rate measures supports a view that women appropriately nourished and well prepared can undertake polar expeditions with a minimal metabolic energy consequence. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This is the first study on the metabolic energy consequences for women undertaking expeditionary polar travel. The results show that participant selection gave a "well-matched" group, particularly during exercise. Notwithstanding this, individual differences were observed and explored. The results show that appropriately selected, trained, and nourished women can undertake such expeditions with no change in their metabolic energy requirements during rest or while undertaking moderate exercise over a sustained period of time.