gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of concentration and consistency on ohmic heating (2018)

Abstract Ohmic heating (OH) is an emerging technology that has shown great potential in the food industry. Product consistency, concentration, and electrical conductivity are critical factors in OH. These variables are interrelated; how they affect each other, however, is not well described in the literature. This study aimed to verify the impact of concentration and consistency on OH, by evaluating the electrical conductivity of several carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions. CMC solutions of different concentration (0.5–3%) were processed by high‐pressure homogenization (HPH) at 100 and 200 MPa (unprocessed as control), to obtain solutions with different consistencies and same concentration. Electrical conductivity at 25 °C increased as solution concentration increased (ranging from 0.118 Sm −1 at 0.5% to 0.493 Sm −1 at 3%), and HPH treatment increase the electrical conductivity (ranging, at 3%, from 0.493 Sm −1 at 0 MPa to 0.575 Sm −1 at 200 MPa), however no significant difference between 100 and 200 MPa samples. Several correlations were possible to between concentration, consistency, and electrical conductivity. These correlations may be used as an indirect tool to determine consistency from electrical conductivity and may be applied in process and equipment design. The results corroborate the potential of OH in fluids with high consistency. Practical applications Food consistency is a critical factor in many processes, and ohmic heating shows a great potential for the treatment of highly viscous fluids. How rheological parameters impact ohmic processing without altering product composition has never been investigated. Moreover, the models developed in this study can be used as an indirect tool to estimate rheological parameters from electrical conductivity readings.
Critical Dimension Control in Synchrotron Radiation Lithography Using a Negative-Tone Chemical Amplification Resist (1997)

Total critical dimension (CD) controllability for 0.14 µ m line-and-space in SR lithography was evaluated for all wafer levels. The evaluation was carried out for the CD accuracy between the wafers, in the wafer and in the exposure field. The influence of the exposure process instability to the CD accuracy was also evaluated. The instability of the post exposure baking (PEB) temperature and the post exposure delay (PED) time affects the CD accuracy, and they were estimated to be less than 5 nm, respectively. The CD accuracy at the same point on the X-ray mask was 5.4 nm in the wafer and 10.5 nm between the wafers. It was found that the CD accuracy between the wafers was degraded by the inaccurate exposure dosage caused by the daily change of the SR beam distribution in the vertical direction. In the exposure field, the CD instability due to SR beam nonuniformity was 4.1 nm and that due to the X-ray mask was 15 nm. Consequently, the total CD controllability is presently estimated to be 19.5 nm for all wafer levels and the improvement of the dose repeatability and X-ray mask CD control is required to achieve the CD accuracy of less than 11 nm.
Differential expression of activation‐induced cytidine deaminase (AID) in nodular lymphocyte‐predominant and classical Hodgkin lymphoma (2005)

Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is indispensable for class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes. Expression of AID has been detected in germinal centre centroblasts and in lymphomas derived from germinal centre cells. However, in situ studies of AID expression have until now been hampered by a lack of antibodies suitable for immunohistochemistry. To overcome this problem, an AID-specific monoclonal antibody suitable for immunohistochemical staining of formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded tissue sections has been generated. This antibody was shown to detect AID expression in normal germinal centre B-cells as well as in non-Hodgkin lymphomas with a putative germinal centre origin. Using this antibody, a virtually exclusive cytoplasmic localization of AID in normal and neoplastic B-cells is shown. Employing a combination of immunohistochemistry and AID-specific in situ hybridization, it is demonstrated that AID is consistently expressed in the neoplastic cells of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (HLnlp) but only infrequently in classical HL (cHL). This is in keeping with the notion that tumour cells of HLnlp represent transformed germinal centre B-cells showing evidence of somatic hypermutation. AID represents an additional marker useful in the differential diagnosis of HLnlp and cHL.
Protease pro region required for folding is a potent inhibitor of the mature enzyme (1992)

alpha-Lytic protease, an extracellular bacterial serine protease, is synthesized with a large pro region that is required in vivo for the proper folding of the protease domain. To allow detailed mechanistic study, we have reconstituted pro region-dependent folding in vitro. The pro region promotes folding of the protease domain in the absence of other protein factors or exogenous energy sources. Surprisingly, we find that the pro region is a high affinity inhibitor of the mature protease. The pro region also inhibits the closely related Streptomyces griseus protease B, but not the more distantly related, yet structurally similar protease, elastase. Based on these data, we suggest a mechanism in which pro region binding reduces the free energy of a late folding transition state having native-like structure.
Sequencing rare T-cell populations (2015)

High-throughput sequencing of T cell (TCR) receptor repertoires is a promising approach that can be used to characterize the state and dynamics of adaptive immunity and, potentially, to deduce the antigen specificity of the immune response [1].
Inhibition of growth hormone action improves insulin sensitivity in liver IGF-1–deficient mice (2004)

Liver IGF-1-deficient (LID) mice have a 75% reduction in circulating IGF-1 levels and, as a result, a fourfold increase in growth hormone (GH) secretion. To block GH action, LID mice were crossed with GH antagonist (GHa) transgenic mice. Inactivation of GH action in the resulting LID + GHa mice led to decreased blood glucose and insulin levels and improved peripheral insulin sensitivity. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies showed that LID mice exhibit severe insulin resistance. In contrast, expression of the GH antagonist transgene in LID + GHa mice led to enhanced insulin sensitivity and increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle and white adipose tissue. Interestingly, LID + GHa mice exhibit a twofold increase in white adipose tissue mass, as well as increased levels of serum-free fatty acids and triglycerides, but no increase in the triglyceride content of liver and muscle. In conclusion, these results show that despite low levels of circulating IGF-1, insulin sensitivity in LID mice could be improved by inactivating GH action, suggesting that chronic elevation of GH levels plays a major role in insulin resistance. These results suggest that IGF-1 plays a role in maintaining a fine balance between GH and insulin to promote normal carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
Combined electric and photocontrol of selective light reflection at an oblique helicoidal cholesteric liquid crystal doped with azoxybenzene derivative (2021)

An oblique helicoidal cholesteric liquid crystal Ch_{OH} represents a unique optical material with a single-harmonic periodic modulation of the refractive index and a pitch that can be tuned by an electric or magnetic field in a broad range from submicrometers to micrometers. In this work, we demonstrate that the oblique helicoidal cholesteric doped with azoxybenzene molecules can be tuned by both the electric field and light irradiation. The tuning mechanism is explained by the kinetics of trans-cis photoisomerization of the azoxybenzene molecules. At a fixed voltage, UV irradiation causes a redshift of the reflection peak by more than 200 nm. The effect is caused by an increase of the bend elastic constant of Ch_{OH} under irradiation. The demonstrated principle has the potential for applications such as smart windows, sensors, tunable lasers, and filters.
IRON (2017)

Functional encryption (FE) is an extremely powerful cryptographic mechanism that lets an authorized entity compute on encrypted data, and learn the results in the clear. However, all current cryptographic instantiations for general FE are too impractical to be implemented. We construct IRON, a provably secure, and practical FE system using Intel's recent Software Guard Extensions (SGX). We show that IRON can be applied to complex functionalities, and even for simple functions, outperforms the best known cryptographic schemes. We argue security by modeling FE in the context of hardware elements, and prove that IRON satisfies the security model.
A and Monolithic Oscillator with a Buffer Amplifier ircuit Interaction Desi (1996)

We report on a high power, high efficiency, and small-size monolithic coplanar waveguide oscillator incorporating a single-stage buffer amplifier on the same chip. For the oscillator design, by changing RF current level through the device, the optimum load line was chosen in order to have an oscillation frequency insensitive to the effect of the subsequently connected amplifier, based on a device-circuit interaction concept. The amplifier, on the other hand, which was driven directly by the oscillator, was designed to achieve an overall high power and high efficiency operation. At 21 GHz, the output power of the developed chip recorded 17 dBm with an overall dc-RF efficiency of 22%. By changing the length of a source feedback line, the oscillation frequency was varied from 21 GHz to 26 GHz. For all cases, the output power remained higher than 16 dBm.
Abstract 354: Mitochondrial Hyper-function in Renal Proximal Tubule Cells from Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2012)

Recent evidence suggests that mitochondria play roles in the pathogenesis of hypertension. However, it is not clear whether mitochondrial dysfunction precedes or follows the development of hypertension. We hypothesize that mitochondrial bioenergetics is altered in renal proximal tubule (RPT) cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and this alteration may occur prior to the development of sustained hypertension. Using immortalized RPT cells from 4-8 week old normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and SHRs, we measured oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and compared the parameters of cellular bioenergetic in these RPT cells. Basal OCR was significantly higher in RPT cells from SHRs than WKY rats (245.5±31.9 vs. 154.4±43.7 pmol/min per 20,000 cells, mean±SD, P&lt;0.001);the ATP synthesis-coupled OCR (65.9±3.3% vs. 55.0±6.6%, of basal OCR, P&lt;0.001), maximum respiration (609.0±120.4 vs. 215.7±65.5 pmol/min per 20,000 cells, P&lt;0.001) and reserve respiration (147.8±39.0% vs, 40.0±15.4% of basal OCR P&lt;0.001) were also significantly higher in RPT cells from SHRs than WKY rats. In contrast, proton leak-linked OCR (15.4±3.6% vs. 19.2±5.9% of basal OCR, P&lt;0.05) was lower in RPT cells from SHRs than WKY rats, and non-mitochondrial OCRs were similar (45.2±7.0 vs. 41.3±19.8 pmol/min per 20,000 cells, P&gt;0.05). In support of these observations, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were significantly higher in RPT cells from SHRs than WKY rats. Taken together, the observed bioenergetic alterations may contribute to the early mitochondrial dysfunction in RPT cells from SHRs prior to the onset of sustained hypertension.
Fabrication of High Performance Ceramic Microstructures from a Polymeric Precursor Using Soft Lithography (2001)

Ceramic components for microelectromechanical (MEMS) systems, for example the micrometer-sized gear made from SiBNC shown in the Figure, offer the opportunity to extend MEMS technology towards high-temperature and oxidizing-environment applications, such as microturbines and high-temperature sensors and actuators. Preceramic polymers are used in conjunction with soft lithography and subsequent pyrolysis to produce the high aspect ratio structures.
A direct-drive, robot parts, and tooling gripper with high-performance force feedback control (1991)

The authors present the design of a direct-drive parts and tooling gripper for use in robotic assembly operations. The gripper design incorporates three-dimensional force vector sensing and both force and position control with extremely-low-friction, direct linear motor drives. The authors present a state-variable approach to force control and discuss the design techniques required for a manipulator to achieve high-performance force control. They introduce an underlying principle in force control by demonstrating that the contact stiffness between the environment and the manipulator must be known and of an optimum range to provide good force control. To verify the techniques, a servo-controlled manipulator with compliant vector force sensing was developed. The manipulator features direct-drive, linear motors and compliant, vector force sensors. Force resolution was optimized by eliminating friction sources. Inertia was kept to a minimum to allow command following performance. A compliant vector force sensor provides the known contact stiffness between the manipulator and the workpiece environment. Experimental results show that force sensor stiffness is a key element in force loop control design and that robust force control dynamics are comparable to robust position control loop dynamics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The Systems Biology of Glycosylation (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Significance of Amino Acid Residues in Position 8 of Vasopressin on Contraction in Rat Blood Vessels (1973)

The present quantitative results demonstrate that although an optimum interaction between length of side chain and a certain degree of basicity of the amino acid residue in position 8 is necessary for maximizing vasopressin-induced contractions of both rat aortas and mesenteric arterioles, basicity in position 8 is definitely not an absolute requirement for vasopressin-induced contractions of rat blood vessels. The length of the amino acid residue in position 8, in contrast to what is currently believed, may be quite important in determining the strength of vasopressin-induced contractions on both macro- and microscopic rat blood vessels. In view of the extremely low doses of arginine-vasopressin required to elicit arteriolar constriction, one must entertain the possibility that vasopressin plays an important role in control of arteriolar blood pressure.
Novel thin-film piezoelectric aluminum nitride rate gyroscope (2012)

A new type of gyroscope that utilizes piezoelectric, thin-film, sputter-deposited aluminum nitride (AlN) as both structural and active material is demonstrated. Advantages of this approach are the capability to integrate several types of sensors and RF resonators on one chip in a post-CMOS compatible fabrication process and the potential of an all-AlN device to operate at high temperatures. A method to drive and sense specific resonance mode shapes by patterning the top electrode is explained and electrical and rate sensing performance characteristics of the device are stated.
Polarization-independent, Narrowband Transmission Filter Using Symmetry-protected Bound States in the Continuum (2017)

We computationally and experimentally demonstrate a narrowband, polarization-independent transmission filter using a subwavelength, 2D photonic crystal slab that operates through coupling to symmetry-protected bound states in the continuum.
Nanostructured superhydrophobic lyocell fabrics with asymmetric moisture absorbency: Moisture managing properties (2016)

This study investigated moisture management properties of a single-faced superhydrophobic fabric. A single-faced superhydrophobic lyocell fabric, where one face of the surface is superhydrophobic and the opposite face is hydrophilic, was produced by a two-step plasma process on one side of the fabric: (1) the addition of nano-scale roughness by 5 minutes of O 2 plasma etching; (2) subsequent 30 seconds of plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition with hexamethyldisiloxane to lower the surface energy of lyocell fibers. As a result, the superhydrophobic lyocell fabric exhibited water repellency with a static water contact angle greater than 161° on the treated surface, allowing water absorption from the untreated face. The nanometer depth of the superhydrophobic layer in the hydrophilic textile affected water absorption capacity, drying rate, vertical wicking rate, and moisture management properties. The air permeability and water vapor transmission rate of the superhydrophobic treated lyocell fabric were hardly changed. The superhydrophobic properties were maintained after a gentle wash cycle, although the level of superhydrophobicity was reduced, especially when it was washed with detergent. This superhydrophobic and moisture managing textile would be relevant for an application that requires a water repellent property on one face and water absorbing property on the opposite face, such as medical operation gowns, wound dressings, and hygienic products.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of (2S)‐2‐Amino‐3‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐ phosphonophenyl)propionic Acid (= 3′‐Phosphono‐L‐tyrosine) and Its Incorporation into Peptides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A proof of a formula in Fourier analysis on the sphere (1983)

A short and elementary proof of a useful formula in spherical harmonic analysis is provided.
Meta-analytic connectivity modelling of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in autism spectrum disorders (2023)

Social and non-social deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) persist into adulthood and may share common regions of aberrant neural activations. The current meta-analysis investigated activation differences between ASD and neurotypical controls irrespective of task type. Activation likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed to examine consistent hypo-activated and/or hyper-activated regions for all tasks combined, and for social and non-social tasks separately; meta-analytic connectivity modelling and behavioral/paradigm analyses were performed to examine co-activated regions and associated behaviors. One hundred studies (mean age range = 18-41 years) were included. For all tasks combined, the ASD group showed significant (p < .05) hypo-activation in one cluster around the left amygdala (peak - 26, -2, -20, volume = 1336 mm<sup>3</sup>, maximum ALE = 0.0327), and this cluster co-activated with two other clusters around the right cerebellum (peak 42, -56, -22, volume = 2560mm<sup>3</sup>, maximum ALE = 0.049) Lobule VI/Crus I and the left fusiform gyrus (BA47) (peak - 42, -46, -18, volume = 1616 mm<sup>3</sup>, maximum ALE = 0.046) and left cerebellum (peak - 42, -58, -20, volume = 1616mm<sup>3</sup>, maximum ALE = 0.033) Lobule VI/Crus I. While the left amygdala was associated with negative emotion (fear) (z = 3.047), the left fusiform gyrus/cerebellum Lobule VI/Crus I cluster was associated with language semantics (z = 3.724) and action observation (z = 3.077). These findings highlight the left amygdala as a region consistently hypo-activated in ASD and suggest the potential involvement of fusiform gyrus and cerebellum in social cognition in ASD. Future research should further elucidate if and how amygdala-fusiform/cerebellar connectivity relates to social and non-social cognition in adults with ASD.
Electron-electron interaction effects in transport through open dots: Pinning of resonant levels (2007)

The role of electron-electron interaction in transport properties of open quantum dots is studied. The self-consistent full quantum-mechanical magnetotransport calculations within the Hartree, density-functional theory, and Thomas-Fermi approximations were performed, where a whole device, including the semi-infinitive leads, is treated on the same footing (i.e., the electron-electron interaction is accounted for both in the leads as well as in the dot region). The main finding of the present paper is the effect of pinning of the resonant levels to the Fermi energy due to the enhanced screening. Our results represent a significant departure from a conventional picture where a variation of external parameters (such as a gate voltage, magnetic field, etc.) causes the successive dot states to sweep past the Fermi level in a linear fashion. We instead demonstrate the highly nonlinear behavior of the resonant levels in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. The pinning of the resonant levels in open quantum dots leads to the broadening of the conduction oscillations in comparison to the one-electron picture. The effect of pinning becomes much more pronounced in the presence of the perpendicular magnetic field. This can be attributed to the enhanced screening efficiency because of the increased localization of the wave function. The strong pinning of the resonant energy levels in the presence of magnetic field can have a profound effect on transport properties of various devices operating in the edge state transport regime. We also critically examine an approximation often used in transport calculations where an inherently open system is replaced by a corresponding closed one.
GeneThresher<sup>®</sup> methylation filtering technology - A path to rapid gene and marker discovery in plants (2005)

The genomes of many plants are known to be composed of a large fraction of repetitive DNA, while a small portion is dedicated to genes. The bulk of the repetitive DNA constitutes transposable elements and is heavily methylated. GeneThresher methylation filtering technology takes advantage of these differential methylation patterns by filtering genomic shotgun libraries to exclude methylated sequences. The result is a gene-enriched library. Random shotgun sequencing of plant gene space, enabled by GeneThresher technology, is a rapid and cost-effective strategy for comprehensive gene discovery in crops. We have applied GeneThresher to plants that span the major branches of the plant kingdom including species representing monocots, dicots, gymnosperms, and non-vascular plants with a last common ancestor estimated at 500 million years ago. Gene enrichment was achieved in all plants tested suggesting that GeneThresher will be effective across the whole plant kingdom. Gene-Thresher subclone libraries appear to be a random unbiased representation of the gene set and represent the 5', internal, and 3' portions of genes with equal frequency. Exons, introns, promoters, non-coding RNAs, and simple sequence repeats are preferentially represented while representation of interspersed repeats is minimized in the GeneThresher libraries. Using GeneThresher methylation filtering technology, we have tagged more than three quarters of the Sorghum gene set after only 0.3 coverage of the Sorghum bicolor genome. DNA sequence obtained from these libraries provides a robust view of the functional parts of the genome and enables the design of DNA microarrays that can rapidly catalog complete gene sets of large plant genomes. In addition, GeneThresher data can help in developing research tools that achieve more rapid and precise plant improvements.