gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erythropoietin and hypoxia stimulate erythropoietin receptor and nitric oxide production by endothelial cells (2004)

Erythropoietin (EPO), a hypoxia-inducible cytokine, is required for survival, proliferation, and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. EPO can also stimulate proliferation and angiogenesis of endothelial cells that express EPO receptors (EPORs). In this study we investigated the EPO response of vascular endothelial cells at reduced oxygen tension (5% and 2%), in particular the effect of EPO on nitric oxide (NO) release. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces NO, which maintains blood pressure homeostasis and blood flow. We find that EPOR is inducible by EPO in primary human endothelial cells of vein (HUVECs) and artery (HUAECs) and cells from a human bone marrow microvascular endothelial line (TrHBMEC) to a much greater extent at low oxygen tension than in room air. We found a corresponding increase in eNOS expression and NO production in response to EPO during hypoxia. Stimulation of NO production was dose dependent on EPO concentration and was maximal at 5 U/mL. NO activates soluble guanosine cyclase to produce cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), and we observed that EPO induced cGMP activity. These results suggest that low oxygen tension increases endothelial cell capacity to produce NO in response to EPO by induction of both EPOR and eNOS. This effect of EPO on eNOS may be a physiologically relevant mechanism to counterbalance the hypertensive effects of increased hemoglobin-related NO destruction resulting from hypoxia-induced increased red cell mass.
Study of Pickling and Over-Pickling Mechanisms of Silicon High Alloyed Steel Grade By Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Antibody-mediated protection against lethal respiratory tularemia (47.5) (2007)

Abstract It has been previously shown that B cells are necessary and LPS-specific antibodies are sufficient for vaccine-induced immunity to Francisella tularensis, suggesting that antibodies play a major role in protection against tularemia. However, due to the intracellular nature of the bacterium, it is widely believed that T cells, but not antibodies, are critical for protection. We assessed the relative contribution of serum antibodies in protection against respiratory tularemia by investigating the ability of serum antibodies to clear bacteria from the lungs of intranasally infected mice and prevent systemic infection. Passive administration of immune serum collected from immunized mice was found to confer protection to naïve mice against lethal F. tularensis (LVS) challenge. Adoptively transferred antibodies rapidly cleared bacteria from the lungs and prevented spread of bacteria to liver and spleen. This protection was dependent on FcγRs and phagocytes such as macrophages and neutrophils, but not complement. Interestingly, phagocytosis and killing of opsonized bacteria was dependent on the presence of IFN-γ. Consistent with this finding, in vivo antibody-mediated protection required IFN-γ and T cells. Together, these data suggest that a close and critical interaction of humoral and cellular immune responses is necessary for providing sterilizing immunity to F. tularensis. Furthermore, serum antibodies conferred protection against lethal respiratory tularemia when given 24 to 48 hr post-exposure and thus this study provides evidence for the use of antibodies for both prophylactic and therapeutic purposes. (This work was supported by NIH Grant PO1 AI056320 (DWM) and UO1 AI057158 (GSK))
Characterization of traps in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with a combined large signal network analyzer/deep level optical spectrometer system (2009)

A study of the effects of traps on the RF characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs is conducted using small and large-signal microwave measurements with deep-level optical spectroscopy. Different variations of the drain current swing are observed for illuminations of different photon energies. The time evolution of the current swing in transient measurements enabled to determine the optical transient time-constant and the equilibrium relaxation time-constant. The dependence of the S-parameters upon the illumination yielded results consistent with the variation of the drain current swing under illumination. A variation in the small signal transconductance and drain conductance was extracted at 2 GHz which presumably arises from the variation of the drain resistance under illumination. In addition, it was verified that the SiN passivation greatly helps in mitigating the RF performance degradation arising from deep trapping centers.
Identification of Clathrin Heavy Chain as a Direct Interaction Partner for the γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A Receptor Associated Protein (2007)

Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA receptors) are the major sites of GABA-mediated fast synaptic inhibition in the central nervous system. Variation of the cell surface receptor count is postulated to be of importance in modulating inhibitory synaptic transmission. The GABAA receptor associated protein (GABARAP) is a ubiquitin-like modifier, implicated in GABAA receptor clustering, trafficking, and turnover. GABARAP pull-down experiments with brain lysate identified clathrin heavy chain to be GABARAP-associated. Phage display screening of a randomized peptide library for GABARAP ligands yielded a sequence motif which characterizes the peptide binding specificity of GABARAP. Sequence database searches with this motif revealed clathrin heavy chain as a protein containing the identified sequence motif within its residues 510-522, supporting the result of the pull-down experiments. Calreticulin, which was identified recently as a GABARAP ligand, contains a very similar sequence motif. We demonstrate that calreticulin indeed competes with clathrin heavy chain for GABARAP binding. Finally, employing nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we mapped the GABARAP residues responsible for binding to clathrin. The hereby mapped GABARAP regions overlap very well with the homologue residues in yeast Atg8 that were recently shown to be important for autophagy. Together with the knowledge that GABARAP and clathrin are known to be involved in GABAA receptor trafficking within the cell, this strongly suggests a clear physiological relevance of the direct interaction of GABARAP with clathrin heavy chain.
Key Consistency in DHTs (2005)

Most DHTs are designed more for scalability than for consistency, and thus do not provide strong guarantees on the consistency of data. In this paper, we focus on key consistency rather than data consistency: key consistency requires that no key be owned by more than one root. We briefly show how key consistency can be used to support atomic DHT operations and then propose a mechanism to achieve key-consistency. We have tested our algorithm through simulation and a Planetlab deployment, and find that it provides high availability in the face of node churn and packet drops
21.8 A pulling mitigation technique for direct-conversion transmitters (2014)

Despite versatility and low power consumption, direct-conversion transmitters suffer from a fundamental drawback: the local oscillator disturbance by the power amplifier, through unwanted electromagnetic or capacitive coupling [1,2]. As shown in Fig. 21.8.1, the pulled oscillator spectrum is no longer a single-tone sinusoid, which can drastically degrade the transmitter EVM or spectrum mask. To alleviate this, time-consuming and often unpredictable optimization of the floor plan, package, and PCB is required to maximize the isolation between the PA and VCO. Ultimately, this issue may prohibit the use of this architecture for many applications, leading to higher power consumption. Moreover, in many modern radios it is common to have more than one VCO on-chip (Fig. 21.8.1) to support various features such as FDD, carrier aggregation, or coexistence, further exacerbating the problem through multiple-VCO cross-coupling. To address these concerns we propose a calibration scheme that corrects any pulling effect regardless of its source or magnitude. Our approach is fully digital and is automatically calibrated, leading to a reliable and robust solution, and has little impact on power consumption, size, or transmitter noise.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyfluoro 1,3‐Diketones as Systemic Insecticides. (1990)

Abstract The title compounds (IV), prepared by condensation reaction of the acetophenones (I) with the perfluorinated esters (II) in the presence of sodium ethoxide, are examined for their systemic ectoparasiticidal activity in cattle.
Gangliogenesis in the enteric nervous system: Roles of the polysialylation of the neural cell adhesion molecule and its regulation by bone morphogenetic protein‐4 (2006)

The neural crest-derived cells that colonize the fetal bowel become patterned into two ganglionated plexuses. The hypothesis that bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) promote ganglionation by regulating neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) polysialylation was tested. Transcripts encoding the sialyltransferases, ST8Sia IV (PST) and ST8Sia II (STX), which polysialylate NCAM, were detectable in fetal rat gut by E12 but were downregulated postnatally. PSA-NCAM-immunoreactive neuron numbers, but not those of NCAM, were developmentally regulated similarly. Circular smooth muscle was transiently (E16-20) PSA-NCAM-immunoreactive when it is traversed by migrating precursors of submucosal neurons. Neurons developing in vitro from crest-derived cells immunoselected at E12 with antibodies to p75(NTR) expressed NCAM and PSA-NCAM. BMP-4 promoted neuronal NCAM polysialylation and clustering. N-butanoylmannosamine, which blocks NCAM polysialylation, but not N-propanoylmannosamine, which does not, interfered with BMP-4-induced neuronal clustering. Observations suggest that BMP signaling enhances NCAM polysialylation, which allows precursors to migrate and form ganglionic aggregates during the remodeling of the developing ENS.
Performance Analysis of Latent Variable Models with Sparse Priors (2007)

A variety of Bayesian methods have recently been introduced for ﬁnding sparse representations from overcomplete dictionaries of candidate features. These methods often capitalize on latent structure inherent in sparse distributions to perform standard MAP estimation, variational Bayes, approximation using convex duality, or evidence maximization. Despite their reliance on sparsity-inducing priors however, these approaches may or may not actually lead to sparse representations in practice, and so it is a challenging task to determine which algorithm and sparse prior is appropriate. Rather than justifying prior selections and modelling assumptions based on the credibility of the full Bayesian model as is commonly done, this paper bases evaluations on the actual cost functions that emerge from each method. Two minimal conditions are postulated that ideally any sparse learning objective should satisfy. Out of all possible cost functions that can be obtained from the methods described above using (virtually) any sparse prior, a unique function is derived that satisﬁes these conditions. Both sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) and basis pursuit (BP) are special cases. Later, all methods are shown to be performing MAP estimation using potentially non-factorable implicit priors, which suggests new sparse learning cost functions.
BUB1 Is Essential for the Viability of Human Cells in which the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Is Compromised (2018)

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures faithful segregation of chromosomes. Although most mammalian cell types depend on the SAC for viability, we found that human HAP1 cells can grow SAC independently. We generated MAD1- and MAD2-deficient cells and mutagenized them to identify synthetic lethal interactions, revealing that chromosome congression factors become essential upon SAC deficiency. Besides expected hits, we also found that BUB1 becomes essential in SAC-deficient cells. We found that the BUB1 C terminus regulates alignment as well as recruitment of CENPF. Second, we found that BUBR1 was not essential in SAC-deficient HAP1 cells. We confirmed that BUBR1 does not regulate chromosome alignment in HAP1 cells and that BUB1 does not regulate chromosome alignment through BUBR1. Taken together, our data resolve some long-standing questions about the interplay between BUB1 and BUBR1 and their respective roles in the SAC and chromosome alignment.
Topological transformations of a nematic drop (2023)

Morphogenesis of living systems involves topological shape transformations which are highly unusual in the inanimate world. Here, we demonstrate that a droplet of a nematic liquid crystal changes its equilibrium shape from a simply connected tactoid, which is topologically equivalent to a sphere, to a torus, which is not simply connected. The topological shape transformation is caused by the interplay of nematic elastic constants, which facilitates splay and bend of molecular orientations in tactoids but hinders splay in the toroids. The elastic anisotropy mechanism might be helpful in understanding topology transformations in morphogenesis and paves the way to control and transform shapes of droplets of liquid crystals and related soft materials.
High efficiency above 20% in polymeric thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes by a host embedded backbone structure (2019)

A highly efficient polymeric thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) organic light-emitting diode was developed by synthesizing a copolymer with 9-vinylcarbazole (VCz) and TADF repeating units.
Computer-Aided Personalized Education (2020)

The shortage of people trained in STEM fields is becoming acute, and universities and colleges are straining to satisfy this demand. In the case of computer science, for instance, the number of US students taking introductory courses has grown three-fold in the past decade. Recently, massive open online courses (MOOCs) have been promoted as a way to ease this strain. This at best provides access to education. The bigger challenge though is coping with heterogeneous backgrounds of different students, retention, providing feedback, and assessment. Personalized education relying on computational tools can address this challenge. While automated tutoring has been studied at different times in different communities, recent advances in computing and education technology offer exciting opportunities to transform the manner in which students learn. In particular, at least three trends are significant. First, progress in logical reasoning, data analytics, and natural language processing has led to tutoring tools for automatic assessment, personalized instruction including targeted feedback, and adaptive content generation for a variety of subjects. Second, research in the science of learning and human-computer interaction is leading to a better understanding of how different students learn, when and what types of interventions are effective for different instructional goals, and how to measure the success of educational tools. Finally, the recent emergence of online education platforms, both in academia and industry, is leading to new opportunities for the development of a shared infrastructure. This CCC workshop brought together researchers developing educational tools based on technologies such as logical reasoning and machine learning with researchers in education, human-computer interaction, and cognitive psychology.
Lattice-based public key encryption with equality test supporting flexible authorization in standard model (2020)

Public key encryption with equality test (PKEET) supports to check whether two ciphertexts encrypted under different public keys contain the same message or not. PKEET has many interesting applications such as keyword search on encrypted data, encrypted data partitioning for efficient encrypted data management, personal health record systems, spam filtering in encrypted email systems and so on. However, the PKEET scheme lacks an authorization mechanism for a user to control the comparison of its ciphertexts with others. In 2015, Ma et al. introduce the notion of PKEET with flexible authorization (PKEET-FA) which strengthens privacy protection. Since 2015, there are several follow-up works on PKEET-FA. But, all are secure in the random-oracle model. Moreover, all are vulnerable to quantum attacks. In this paper, we provide three constructions of quantum-safe PKEET-FA secure in the standard model. Proposed constructions are secure based on the hardness assumptions of integer lattices and ideal lattices. Finally, we implement the PKEET-FA scheme over ideal lattices.
Influence of punch shape on drawability of locally solution treated 6061 aluminum alloy sheets (2005)

The deep drawability of the peripherally softened aluminum alloy blanks was investigated for various punch shapes. The flange parts of the 6061-T6 sheets were locally solution treated and softened using various heated dies. Deep drawing tests of the blanks were examined using a flat and a hemispherical cylinder punches. The limit drawing ratios (LDR) of local solution treated blanks were larger than those of the homogeneous T6 blank for both flat and hemispherical punches. The optimal softened region for a hemispherical punch was larger than that for a flat one. The LDR and the optimal softened region of local solution treated blanks were predictable by the FEM analysis for both hemispherical and flat punches. The optimal softened region of calculations for a hemispherical punch became larger with increasing n value of a central hard part.
Start-up simulation of a thermionic space nuclear reactor system (1993)

The Thermionic Transient Analysis Model (TITAM) is used in this paper to simulate the start‐up of the TOPAZ‐II space nuclear power system in orbit. The start‐up procedures simulated herein are assumed for the purpose of demonstrating the capabilities of the model and may not represent an accurate account of the actual start‐up procedures of the TOPAZ‐II system. The temperature reactivity feedback effects of the moderator, UO2 fuel, electrodes, coolant, and other components in the core are calculated and their effects on the thermal and criticality conditions of the reactor are investigated. Also, estimates of the time constants of the temperature reactivity feedback for the UO2 fuel and the ZrH moderator during start‐up, as well as of the total temperature reactivity feedback as a function of the reactor steady‐state thermal power, are obtained.
Why is a protective antigen protective? (2009)

One of the major challenges in vaccine development is the identification of microbial components that give rise to a protective immune response. Over the last decade, genome and proteome-based methods have proven successful in discovering new vaccine candidates for many pathogens through the selection of secreted or surface-exposed protein antigens and their screening in proper biological assays. However, these approaches still require intensive research activities to single out, among the large number of secreted and surface exposed proteins those very few which are protective. The question of which structural properties render an antigen capable of eliciting the production of functional remains most challenging. In such scientific and methodological context, the EU-funded project BacAbs was set up in 2007 with the main objective of developing a knowledge-based protocol able to discern protective from non-protective protein antigens, based on their amino acid sequences and molecular properties. The successful BacAbs multidisciplinary approach is highlighted by the recent analysis of three antigens from two diverse pathogens. Here, we describe the work and results carried out so far by the BacAbs Consortium, and discuss its relevance with regards to accelerating antigen selection processes and state-of-the-art vaccine development.
Influence of Fluorocarbon and Hydrocarbon Acyl Groups at the Surface of Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase II on the Kinetics of Denaturation by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (2010)

This paper examines the influence of acylation of the Lys-ε-NH(3)(+) groups of bovine carbonic anhydrase (BCA, EC 4.2.1.1) to Lys-ε-NHCOR (R = -CH(3), -CH(2)CH(3), and -CH(CH(3))(2), -CF(3)) on the rate of denaturation of this protein in buffer containing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Analysis of the rates suggested separate effects due to electrostatic charge and hydrophobic interactions. Rates of denaturation (k(Ac,n)) of each series of acylated derivatives depended on the number of acylations (n). Plots of log k(Ac,n) vs n followed U-shaped curves. Within each series of derivatives, rates of denaturation decreased as n increased to ∼7; this decrease was compatible with increasingly unfavorable electrostatic interactions between SDS and protein. In this range of n, rates of denaturation also depended on the choice of the acyl group as n increased to ∼7, in a manner compatible with favorable hydrophobic interactions between SDS and the -NHCOR groups. As n increased in the range 7 < n < 14, however, rates of denaturation stayed approximately constant; analysis suggested that these rates were compatible with an increasingly important contribution to denaturation that depended both on the net negative charge of the protein and on the hydrophobicity of the R group. The mechanism of denaturation thus seems to change with the extent of acylation of the protein. For derivatives with the same net electrostatic charge, rates of denaturation increased with the acyl group (by a factor of ∼3 for n ∼ 14) in the order CH(3)CONH- < CH(3)CH(2)CONH- < (CH(3))(2)CHCONH- < CF(3)CONH-. These results suggested that the hydrophobicity of CF(3)CONH- is slightly greater (by a factor of <2) than that of RHCONH- with similar surface area.
Federated Learning for Multipoint Channel Charting (2022)

Multipoint channel charting (MP-CC) has been proposed as an effective approach to reap the benefits of cooperation for learning accurate channel charts in massive MIMO systems with multiple bases-stations (BSs). The high-dimensional nature of channel state information (CSI) data, however, imposes significant communication overhead between BSs for joint learning of the MP-CC. To reduce communication overhead and foster locality of CSI data, we explore federated learning (FL) approaches for distributed learning of joint multipoint channel charts. In the proposed approach, each BS learns an individual model and a shared model, where the individual model parameters are unique to each BS and the shared model parameters are communicated to a central server for aggregation. By sharing only weights of the shared model after each training episode, the communication overhead between BSs can be significantly reduced. We provide experimental results on a convolution autoencoder architecture with simulated beam-space CSI data, and compare the FL approach against a fully centralized architecture.
Hemoscan: a dialysis machine-integrated blood volume monitor. (1995)

We describe an opto-electronic device capable of measuring the hemoglobin concentration (Hgb) non-invasively and continuously, hence the percentage changes in blood volume (BV) during dialysis treatment by means of the optical absorption of monochromatic light by the blood in the arterial line. This method has been validated during several in vitro and in vivo tests, during which the system has shown a low sensitivity to all the common intra-dialytic interference factors, such as oxygen saturation (max. err. = 1.6%), blood flow (max. err. = 1.8%), osmotic pressure (max. err. = 0.7%) and hydraulic pressure (max. err. = 0.6%), a high precision (std. err. < 0.1 g/dl) and a good accordance (Hgb mean err. = 0.1 g/dl; std. err. = 0.38 g/dl; BV mean err. = 0.1%; std. err. = 1.6%) with the corresponding values derived from standard laboratory tests.