gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retardation of 20%Cr Steel Oxidation with Laves Phase Precipitation (2007)

A new method to improve oxidation resistance of ferritic stainless steel was studied. Increase in oxidation resistance of ferritic stainless steel with laves phase precipitation was succeeded in addition to the conventional method such as addition of rare-earth element. Ultra low carbon 20%Cr steels with various niobium content continuously oxidized at 1073-1173K in air. A mass gain with exposure at 1073K decreased with increasing niobium content and saturated more than 0.1% in niobium content. In steels contained niobium less than 0.1%, mass gain were also decreased with increase in initial ferritic grain diameter. In steels contained niobium more than 0.1%, laves phase was observed at the ferritic grain boundary by using transmission electron microscope. But then a mass gain with exposure at 1173K did not decreased with niobium content and laves phase was not observed. On the assumption that oxidation behaviors of steels contained niobium more than 0.1% obey the parabolic law, the parabolic rate constant obtained at 1173K is similar to that controlled by grain boundary diffusion, and parabolic rate constant obtained at 1073K is similar to that controlled by lattice diffusion. These results suggest that precipitation of laves phase retard growth of oxide film effectively with suppressing grain boundary diffusion of cation forming oxide film.
Nucleotide Sequence of the Restriction Fragment Hind‐F‐EcoRI1 of Simian‐Virus‐40 DNA (Part of the VP1 Gene) (1978)

The nucleotide sequence of the simian virus 40 (SV40) genome region between the cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases EcoRI (map position 0) and HindII (map position 0.05) has been determined mainly by the partial chemical DNA degradation procedure of Maxam and Gilbert. This fragment represents 5.3% of the genome of SV40 and is located in the late region, internally in the VP1 gene. The message strand shows only one open reading frame for translation into protein, which connects to the one for the preceding fragment. On this basis part of the amino acid sequence of the VP1 protein is presented.
Ex Vivo Induction of mRNA in Human Whole Blood as a New Platform of Drug and Dietary Supplement Development (2008)

Since ex vivo assays are safe, a large number of healthy donors and disease patients can be recruited to identify individual-to-individual variations, which is not available from current preclinical study models. Although each system should be validated using a large number of samples, the ex vivo analysis will be a new tool for the development of drugs and dietary supplements in future.
Goniothalamin enhances the ATPase activity of the molecular chaperone Hsp90 but inhibits its chaperone activity (2014)

Hsp90 is an ATP-dependent molecular chaperone that is involved in important cellular pathways such as signal transduction pathways. It is a potential cancer drug target because it plays a critical role for stabilization and activation of oncoproteins. Thus, small molecule compounds that control the Hsp90 function are useful to elucidate potential lead compounds against cancer. We studied effect of a naturally occurring styryl-lactone goniothalamin on the activity of Hsp90. Although many drugs targeting Hsp90 inhibit the ATPase activity of Hsp90, goniothalamin enhanced rather than inhibited the ATPase activity of a cyanobacterial Hsp90 (HtpG) and a yeast Hsp90. It increased both K(m) and k(cat) of the Hsp90s. Domain competition assays and tryptophan fluorescence measurements with various truncated derivatives of HtpG indicated that goniothalamin binds to the N-terminal domain of HtpG. Goniothalamin did not influence on the interaction of HtpG with a non-native protein or the anti-aggregation activity of HtpG significantly. However, it inhibited the activity of HtpG that assists refolding of a non-native protein in cooperation with the Hsp70 chaperone system. This is the first report to show that a small molecule that binds to the N-terminal domain of Hsp90 activates its ATPase activity, while inhibiting the chaperone function of Hsp90.
Low voltage ride through strategies for SCIG wind turbines in distributed power generation systems (2008)

Fulfilling the new grid codes constitutes one of the main challenges for the wind power industry, that is specially concerned about the new fault-ride-through requirements. Enhancing the operation of wind-turbines in front of grid faults is not only an important issue for new wind farms, but also for the existing ones, as, at the present time, the classical squirrel cage induction generatorpsilas wind turbines still represent a 30% of the wind power production. Reinforcing the operation of such facilities can be performed taking advantage of the increasing number of modern power systems that are linked to the grid by means of power processors. In order to analyse the feasibility of this proposal, this paper test different control strategies to be implemented in a modern variable speed wind turbine, equipped with a synchronous generator and linked to the grid through a full power converter, that permits improving the fault-ride-through capability of a classical fixed speed wind turbine, based on a squirrel cage induction generator, installed in its neighborhood.
Kommunala ägardirektiv : En studie om ägardirektivens roll i kommunala fastighetsbolags internkontroll (2008)

I Sverige är det väldigt vanligt att kommuner äger och driver företag. Detta samtidigt som allt fler företagsskandaler uppmärksammats, vilket ledigt till ett ökat fokus på bolagsstyrning. Det finns vissa skillnader mellan de privata och kommunala bolagen som innebär att de kommunala företagen måste framhäva samhällsnytta och långsiktig ansvarstagande, och ha reducerad fokusering kring maximerad vinst. Detta är något som måste framgå i de kommunala ägardirektiven. Ägardirektiven är ett styrdokument där ägarna, det vill säga kommunerna beskriver de krav som de kommunala företagen bör uppnå. Tidigare studier har visat att kommunerna agerade väldigt frånvarande i sin ägarroll och få kommuner utövande ett aktivt ägarskap. Intresset för ägarstyrning i de kommunala bolagen har dock ökat vilket har lett till att ägardirektiv för kommunala och landstingsägda företag fått större utrymme och SKL (Sveriges kommuner och landsting) har utvecklat ett förslag för ägarstyrning i dessa bolag kallat ”Principer för styrning av kommun- och landstingsägda bolag”. Stora värden är samlade i de kommunala bolagen och deras ekonomiska utveckling har fått allt större betydelse för kommunernas samlade ekonomi. Detta innebär ökad betydelse för ett effektivt ägarskap. Utifrån denna bakgrund har vi har utgått från följande problemformuleringar: ”Vilken inverkan har ägardirektiven på kommunernas interna kontroll över sina bolag?” Samt ”Hur skapas ett kommunägt bolags ägardirektiv?” Vårt syfte med denna uppsats var att få insikt i ägardirektivens roll för den interna kontrollen i kommunala bolag. Vi avsåg även att identifiera och få inblick i hur kommunernas ägardirektiv skapas. Ett ytterligare syfte var att koppla samman ägardirektiven och den interna kontrollen av de kommunala bolagen med principalagent- och stewardshipteorierna. Vi ville även undersöka om ”Principer för styrning av kommun- och landstingsägda bolag” kommer att innebära någon skillnad för kommunens ägardirektiv. Studien präglades av en positivistisk kunskapssyn men med hermeneutiska inslag. Vårt empiriska material bygger på en kvalitativundersökningsmetod och består av fyra intervjuer med representanter från kommunerna samt kommunala bolag. Den teoretiska referensram vi använt oss utav består av i huvudsak tre byggstenar; ägardirektiv, corporate governance och principal - agent- och stewardshipteorierna. Studien visar att ägardirektiven är ett effektivt styrmedel och att de utgör den ”yttre ramen” för den interna kontrollen. Studien visar även att ägardirektiven är ett styrmedel som främst kommunstyrelsen använder som ett instrument för att kontrollera verksamheten och de är även ett hjälpmedel där styrelsens relationer mellan aktieägare, revisorer, ledare och andra intressenter klargörs. Vilket förenklar den interna kontrollen. Vår studie visar också att det är kommunstyrelsen som beslutar angående nya ägardirektiv efter att de fått bearbetade förslag från kommunledningskontoren och dess tjänstemän. Tjänstemännen har dock ett stort inflyttande över ägardirektivens utformning.
TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril/polyvalent cations hydrogels: a multifaceted view of network interactions and inner structure (2023)

Abstract In the last years, hydrogels from renewable biopolymers and low-cost row materials are a hot topic for biomedical applications. In this context, cellulose nanofibrils are considered suitable building blocks for the synthesis of many biocompatible products, with a variety of chemical-physical properties. Herein we report a multi-technique and multi-scale study, from the molecular to the nanometric length scale, of the sol–gel transition observed in aqueous solutions of TEMPO-oxidized nano-sized cellulose fibrils (TOCNFs), when in the presence of polyvalent cations (Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ ). We combine the data from Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS), which provide information about the inner structure of the nanofibril, with those from UV Resonant Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy, which is a sensitive probe of the intra- and inter-molecular interactions in the gel and the liquid state. The transition between the gel and the liquid phases is investigated as a function of the concentration of both TOCNFs and cations, the nature of the latter, and the pH at which the phenomenon is observed. SANS analysis reveals that ion concentration induces an anisotropic swelling in the nanofibrils which, at the same time, become more and more flexible. The nanofibrils flexibility is also dependent on TOCNF concentration and pH value. UVRR allows us to elucidate the structural organization and hydrogen-bonding properties of water in aqueous TOCNF dispersions and gels, showing how water molecules partially lose their typical bulk-like tetrahedral organization when ions are added, and the gel phase is formed. Graphical abstract
Structural requirements for the interaction of combretastatins with tubulin: how important is the trimethoxy unit? (2003)

A series of combretastatins possessing both a trimethoxy unit and other substituents on ring A has been synthesised and tested for cytotoxicity and their ability to interact with the protein tubulin. All previous studies have indicated that the trimethoxy unit is essential for interaction with tubulin. The studies herein show that molecules possessing functionalities other than trimethoxy can also interact with tubulin. Importantly a trimethyl substituted agent 52a has shown reduced cytotoxicity, but increased potency in its ability to inhibit the assembly of tubulin.
Deformation behavior of Cu thin film (2002)

Recently, extensive effort have been made to replace aluminum by copper for the interconnect materials in the Si-ULSI devices. On the other hand, application of a lower specific inductive capacity, Low-k, material to the intermediate insulation film between copper and silicon is also a serious subject. The purpose of the present study is to assess the stress change accompanied by heating and cooling on copper films deposited on a silicon substrate with three insulation layers having different capacity, and to clarify the influence of the insulation film material on the thermal stress. The assessment was carried out by measuring the curvature of the samples during heating and cooling. As a result, tensile stress at room temperature both before and after the heat cycle was reduced, and maximum compression stress at elevated temperatures was raised, when the capacity of the insulation layer was lowered.
Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Nitrendipine and Hydralazine as Antihypertensive Monotherapy (1984)

One-hundred and five patients with hypertension received nitrendipine (10-40 mg/day) or hydralazine (50-200 mg/day) in a double-blind randomized design. Nitrendipine decreased supine blood pressure 15/10 mm Hg, and hydralazine decreased it 11/11 mm Hg. Standing blood pressure was decreased 15/12 mm Hg by nitrendipine and 12/11 mm Hg by hydralazine. Supine and standing heart rate rose significantly after both drugs. Blood pressure variation through one dosing interval increased 42% when hydralazine was given but was not altered by nitrendipine. Side-effects from the two drugs were similar in patients who completed the study, but six patients discontinued participation due to side-effects of hydralazine, while only one discontinued due to nitrendipine side-effects. Ten patients required propranolol for hydralazine side-effects, and only three required it for nitrendipine side-effects. Nitrendipine and hydralazine are equally effective as antihypertensive monotherapy in patients with mild to moderate hypertension for periods up to 7 weeks, but nitrendipine appears to be better tolerated.
Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using4.7  fb−1ofs=7  TeVproton-proton collision data (2013)

Search for squarks and gluinos with the ATLAS detector in final states with jets and missing transverse momentum using 4:7 fb 1 of ffiffi ffi s p 7 TeV proton-proton collision data
FPGA implementation of reconfigurable ADPLL network for distributed clock generation (2011)

This paper presents an FPGA platform for the design and study of network of coupled All-Digital Phase Locked Loops (ADPLLs), destined for clock generation in large synchronous System on Chip (SoC). An implementation of a programmable and reconfigurable 4×4 ADPLL network is described. The paper emphasizes the difference between the FPGA and ASIC-based implementation of such a system, in particular, implementation of digitally controlled oscillators and phase-frequency detector. The FPGA-implemented network allows studying complex phenomena related to coupled ADPLL operation and exploiting stability issues and nonlinear behavior. A dynamic setup mechanism has been proposed for the network, allowing selecting the desirable synchronized state. Experimental results demonstrate the global synchronization of network and performance of the network for different configurations.
Improved Bit-Stuffing Bounds on Two-Dimensional Constraints (2004)

We derive lower bounds on the capacity of certain two-dimensional (2-D) constraints by considering bounds on the entropy of measures induced by bit-stuffing encoders. A more detailed analysis of a previously proposed bit-stuffing encoder for (d,/spl infin/)-runlength-limited (RLL) constraints on the square lattice yields improved lower bounds on the capacity for all d /spl ges/ 2. This encoding approach is extended to (d,/spl infin/)-RLL constraints on the hexagonal lattice, and a similar analysis yields lower bounds on the capacity for d /spl ges/ 2. For the hexagonal (1,/spl infin/)-RLL constraint, the exact coding ratio of the bit-stuffing encoder is calculated and is shown to be within 0.5% of the (known) capacity. Finally, a lower bound is presented on the coding ratio of a bit-stuffing encoder for the constraint on the square lattice where each bit is equal to at least one of its four closest neighbors, thereby providing a lower bound on the capacity of this constraint.
FocusEnvironmental monitoring of genetically modified crops (1999)

Genetically modified (GM) crops are now approved for commercial use in several world areas. In terms of commercial acreage, the majority of these products possess either herbicide tolerance or insect protection traits. Prior to commercialization, each product underwent a country specific review of environmental safety data by independent regulatory authorities. Registration was granted after review of the data allowed authorities to conclude that the risks were minimal or manageable when balanced with the benefits. As a condition of registration, insect resistance management (IRM) has been imposed for insect protected products in most countries. Other world areas have reviewed similar data packages and have not yet been able to grant registration for commercial release. Post-registration environmental monitoring of GM crops is viewed in some world areas as a means of enabling approvals by addressing uncertainty that exists with this technology. Questions such as, who should monitor and who should pay for it, how should monitoring be conducted, what information is necessary to collect and how long should a given product be monitored are yet to be answered. Monitoring methods could be general (surveys and questionnaires) or specific (scientific studies to address specific questions). Independent research currently underway in countries where GM crops are commercial involves monitoring the benefits as well as the risks of these products. Experience with other products has shown that monitoring of GM crops will be of value only if the questions are clearly defined, the methods are appropriate and the end points (data collected) are interpretable.
Highly efficient quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells using polyethylene oxide (PEO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based printable electrolytes (2018)

PEO/PMMA/TiO<sub>2</sub>-based printable electrolytes for highly efficient quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells.
Addition of Acetylenes to Olefins. Oxidative Coupling versus [2+2] Cycloaddition to a Vinylidene Intermediate (1999)

The reaction of [RuCp(κ1(P),η2-PPh2CH2CH2CHCH2)(CH3CN)]PF6 (1) with HC⋮CPh in the absence of base results in the formation of the η4-butadiene complexes [RuCp(κ1(P),η4-(3Z,5E)-PPh2CH2CH2CHCH−CHCHPh)]PF6 (2a) and [RuCp(κ1(P),η4-(3Z)-PPh2CH2CH2CHCH−CPhCH2)]PF6 (2b). When the reaction is carried out in the presence of base (NaOEt), in addition to 2a and 2b, the η3-butadienyl complex RuCp(κ1(P),(3,4,5-η)-PPh2CH2CH2CHCHCCHPh) (2c) is obtained. The C−C coupling reactions take place also with internal alkynes R1C⋮CR2 (R1 = R2 = Ph, Et; R1 = Ph, R2 = Et) to give the η4-butadiene complexes [RuCp(κ1(P),η4-(3Z,5Z)-PPh2CH2CH2CHCH−CR1CHR2)]PF6 (3−5). In the case of terminal acetylenes two distinct reaction modes are observed proceeding via either metallacyclopentene complexes or the successive intermediacy of vinylidene and metallacyclobutane complexes. With internal alkynes, the metallacyclopentene route is followed. X-ray structures of representative complexes are reported.
Analysis of the VKI Family: Germline Genes from an SLE Patient and Expressed Autoantibodies (1995)

Our studies of anti-DNA antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus have demonstrated a preferential use of the V kappa I family to encode light chains of antibodies that express the anti-DNA associated 3I idiotype. This idiotype is present on a high percentage of anti-DNA antibodies in approximately 80% of SLE patients1,2. In this study, we employed PCR to obtain V kappa I germline genes from a lupus patient in order to address the following questions: Do the V kappa I germline genes of an individual with autoimmune disease differ from those of healthy individuals? What V kappa I genes are used to encode autoantibodies and are they used to encode protective antibodies also? Does the V kappa I gene family display peculiarities in V gene segment rearrangement or somatic mutation? Our analysis shows that the coding region sequences of germline genes of an autoimmune individual are highly homologous to those of non-autoimmune individuals. In addition, the same germline genes can be utilized to encode antibodies to both exogenous and self antigens. While rearranged V kappa genes are ordinarily derived from the J kappa proximal region of the V kappa locus, V kappa I genes encoding autoantibodies derive primarily from the J kappa distal region. It is not yet clear if this applies equally to V kappa I encoded antibodies directed to foreign antigen.
Optimizing resource topologies of workload in the cloud by minimizing consumption and maximizing utilization while still meeting service level agreements. (2014)

Reducing the total cost of ownership (TCO) and meeting the service level agreements (SLA) of a computing service or application in the Cloud remains a challenge. The traditional method of meeting SLA is to size production systems based on expected peak workloads, thus this leads to very low compute resource utilization. Our experience shows typical average utilization rates of 35 40%, topped only by IBM Mainframe systems with utilization rates of up to 80 85%. In the ‘Cloud’ with an inherent multi-tenant environment resource utilization rates of below 40% translates into a prohibitive cost factor and therefore into a noncompetitive business model. In this paper we discuss the dynamics of a policy based automated resource orchestration approach for servicing multi-tenant workloads in the Cloud. Our aim is to adapt system topologies dynamically based on changes in workload at runtime. The condition for being able to achieve these goals are: 1) a composable, self-tuned infrastructure (smart IaaS), 2) automatic coordination and provisioning of managed middleware (smart PaaS) and last but not least 3) elastic, self-driven orchestration of software defined workloads and system topologies (smart SaaS).
Targeting Serotonin 2A and Adrenergic α1 Receptors for Ocular Antihypertensive Agents: Discovery of 3,4‐Dihydropyrazino[1,2‐b]indazol‐1(2H)‐one Derivatives (2018)

Glaucoma affects millions of people worldwide and causes optic nerve damage and blindness. The elevation of the intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main risk factor associated with this pathology, and decreasing IOP is the key therapeutic target of current pharmacological treatments. As potential ocular hypotensive agents, we studied compounds that act on two receptors (serotonin 2A and adrenergic α<sub>1</sub> ) linked to the regulation of aqueous humour dynamics. Herein we describe the design, synthesis, and pharmacological profiling of a series of novel bicyclic and tricyclic N2-alkyl-indazole-amide derivatives. This study identified a 3,4-dihydropyrazino[1,2-b]indazol-1(2H)-one derivative with potent serotonin 2A receptor antagonism, >100-fold selectivity over other serotonin subtype receptors, and high affinity for the α<sub>1</sub> receptor. Moreover, upon local administration, this compound showed superior ocular hypotensive action in vivo relative to the clinically used reference compound timolol.
A Normative Data Set for the Clinical Assessment of Achromatic and Chromatic Contrast Sensitivity Using a qCSF Approach (2017)

This study, using an approach well suited to the clinic, is the first to provide a comparative normative data set for the chromatic and achromatic contrast sensitivity functions, yielding quantitative comparisons of achromatic, L/M cone opponent, and S cone opponent chromatic sensitivities as a function of spatial frequency.