gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible‐Light‐Driven Halogen Bond Donor Based Molecular Switches: From Reversible Unwinding to Handedness Inversion in Self‐Organized Soft Helical Superstructures (2019)

Abstract Visible‐light‐driven molecular switches endowing reversible modulation of the functionalities of self‐organized soft materials are currently highly sought after for fundamental scientific studies and technological applications. Reported herein are the design and synthesis of two novel halogen bond donor based chiral molecular switches that exhibit reversible photoisomerization upon exposure to visible light of different wavelengths. These chiral molecular switches induce photoresponsive helical superstructures, that is, cholesteric liquid crystals, when doped into the commercially available room‐temperature achiral liquid crystal host 5CB, which also acts as a halogen‐bond acceptor. The induced helical superstructure containing the molecular switch with terminal iodo atoms exhibits visible‐light‐driven reversible unwinding, that is, a cholesteric–nematic phase transition. Interestingly, the molecular switch with terminal bromo atoms confers reversible handedness inversion to the helical superstructure upon irradiation with visible light of different wavelengths. This visible‐light‐driven, reversible handedness inversion, enabled by a halogen bond donor molecular switch, is unprecedented.
Aprotic and Aqueous Li–O2 Batteries (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTAprotic and Aqueous Li–O2 BatteriesJun Lu†, Li Li‡, Jin-Bum Park§, Yang-Kook Sun*§, Feng Wu*‡, and Khalil Amine*†∥View Author Information† Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States‡ Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and the Environment, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China§ Department of Energy Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea∥ Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, 80203 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]*E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2014, 114, 11, 5611–5640Publication Date (Web):April 11, 2014Publication History Received16 October 2013Published online11 April 2014Published inissue 11 June 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr400573bhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr400573breview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views19665Altmetric-Citations976LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Atmospheric chemistry,Batteries,Electrochemical cells,Electrodes,Electrolytes Get e-Alerts
Controlled release of nutrients to mammalian cells cultured in shake flasks (2011)

Though cell culture-based protein production processes are rarely carried out under batch mode of operation, cell line and initial process development operations are usually carried out in batch mode due to simplicity of operation in widely used scale down platforms like shake flasks. Nutrient feeding, if performed, is achieved by bolus addition of concentrated feed solution at different intervals, which leads to large transient increases in nutrient concentrations. One negative consequence is increased waste metabolite production. We have developed a hydrogel-based nutrient delivery system for continuous feeding of nutrients in scale down models like shake flasks without the need for manual feed additions or any additional infrastructure. Continuous delivery also enables maintaining nutrient concentrations at low levels, if desired. The authors demonstrate the use of these systems for continuous feeding of glucose and protein hydrolysate to a suspension Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) culture in a shake flask. Glucose feeding achieved using the glucose-loaded hydrogel resulted in a 23% higher integral viable cell density and an 89% lower lactate concentration at the end of the culture when compared with a bolus-feed of glucose.
Immune-mediated Hearing Loss: Basic Mechanisms and Options for Therapy (2002)

Immune responses are an important component of the defense of the inner ear against infection. However, immunity appears to be restricted in the labyrinth, as the inflammation associated with immune responses can damage the delicate cellular structures that mediate hearing and balance. When immunoregulation is compromised, either experimentally or through disease, immune-mediated inner ear damage and hearing loss can result. Because there are few resident leukocytes within the labyrinth, immunity and inflammation are mediated primarily by cells that enter the inner ear following the activation of post-capillary venules, which in the cochlea are the spiral modiolar veins. Activated lymphocytes are an important component of the infiltrating leukocytes, and their interactions with antigen mediate inner ear immunity. While evidence of autoimmunity specific to the inner ear is incomplete, an autoimmune origin is often suspected in idiopathic, bilateral, rapidly progressive hearing loss. Systemic immunosuppressive drugs can be effective in reversing such hearing loss, although at the cost of occasionally severe side-effects. Experimental evidence suggests that local therapy may be effective in treating this condition, if it were to target the infiltration of leukocytes into the labyrinth.
Discovery of Novel and Potent Retinoic Acid Receptor α Agonists:  Syntheses and Evaluation of Benzofuranyl-pyrrole and Benzothiophenyl-pyrrole Derivatives (2000)

In the course of our studies on retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonists, we have designed and synthesized a series of benzofuran and benzothiophene derivatives. Some of these compounds (1a,b,e,f,j) markedly inhibited LPS-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation and exerted RARalpha selectivity. One of them, 4-[5-(4,7-dimethylbenzofuran-2-yl)pyrrol-2-yl]benzoic acid (1b), when orally administered significantly inhibited mouse antibody production and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses from a dose of 0.1 mg/kg.
Intramolecular Cyclizations of o-Substituted β,β-Difluorostyrenes: Synthesis of 3-Fluorinated Isochromenes and Isothiochromenes (2001)

Abstract β,β-Difluorostyrenes bearing an oxygen (OH) or a sulfur (SH, SCOCH3) nucleophile linked by a methylene unit to the ortho carbon are prepared from 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl p-toluenesulfonate via the in situ generation of 2,2-difluorovinylboranes and their palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction with aryl iodides. These styrene derivatives readily undergo intramolecular nucleophilic substitution of the oxygen and sulfur with loss of fluorine under basic conditions, leading to 3-fluoroisochromenes and 3-fluoroisothiochromenes in high yields.
Telecommunication fiber OPA analysis, project, and characterization (2002)

Extremely high is nowadays researchers' interest towards amplification techniques alternative to Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers (EDFA); driving force is the exploitation of new and larger fiber optic communication bandwidths. While EDFA gain relies on population inversion in an active material and thus amplification bandwidth is directly related to the doping ion energy levels, well known effects such as Raman and third order nonlinear susceptibility in optical fiber allow amplification not subject to this constraint. In optical parametric amplification, in particular, bandwidth shape and spectral collocation are determined by the choice of pump wavelength and power. Thus almost every spectral region can be reached provided that proper pump is available. We present a detailed analysis of optical parametric amplification in standard communication fiber, discussing different operation regime according to pump wavelength placement with respect to fiber zero dispersion wavelength. In particular attention is paid to the optical parametric amplifier gain bandwidth and saturation. We evidence that a key OPA project parameter is the relative phase between interacting waves, i.e., pump, signal and idler. This parameter not only allows comprehension of gain dynamics in the amplifier, but also can be controlled by engineering the nonlinear medium to improve OPA performances. Experimental verifications are also presented to validate the proposed analysis.
Second-order nonlinear efficiency in II-VI semiconductors for wavelength conversion applications in the near IR (2002)

We have performed a comparative characterization of second-order nonlinear response for several II-VI binary and ternary compounds in the near IR optical spectral region. The nonlinear coefficient d and the chromatic dispersion of the materials have been evaluated at the aid of a wide bandwidth spectral maker fringes technique. By suitably normalizing experimental results in view of all-optical wavelength conversion applications at /spl lambda/=1.5 /spl mu/m, it is shown that II-VI ternary alloys CdZnTe and CdMnTe can provide a better conversion efficiency than more commonly mentioned AlGaAs compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLOADDITION OF DIMETHYL ACETYLENEDICARBOXYLATE AND METHYL PROPIOLATE TO BENZO(B)FURANS (1977)

Abstract :rivate Photocycloaddition of Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate and Methyl Propiolate to Benzo(b)furans.
Assignment of the gene for the beta subunit of thyroid-stimulating hormone to the short arm of human chromosome 1. (1986)

The chromosomal locations of the genes for the beta subunit of human thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and the glycoprotein hormone alpha subunit have been determined by restriction enzyme analysis of DNA extracted from rodent-human somatic cell hybrids. Human chorionic gonadotropin (CG) alpha-subunit cDNA and a cloned 0.9-kilobase (kb) fragment of the human TSH beta-subunit gene were used as hybridization probes in the analysis of Southern blots of DNA extracted from rodent-human hybrid clones. Analysis of the segregation of 5- and 10-kb EcoRI fragments hybridizing to CG alpha-subunit cDNA confirmed the previous assignment of this gene to chromosome 6. Analysis of the patterns of segregation of a 2.3-kb EcoRI fragment containing human TSH beta-subunit sequences permitted the assignment of the TSH beta-subunit gene to human chromosome 1. The subregional assignment of TSH beta subunit to chromosome 1p22 was made possible by the additional analysis of a set of hybrids containing partially overlapping segments of this chromosome. Human TSH beta subunit is not syntenic with genes encoding the beta subunits of CG, luteinizing hormone, or follicle-stimulating hormone and is assigned to a conserved linkage group that also contains the structural genes for the beta subunit of nerve growth factor (NGFB) and the proto-oncogene N-ras (NRAS).
ChemInform Abstract: The Double Photodissociation of a Geminal Dichloride. (1990)

Abstract Irradiation of the monoradical (II) by laser light (337 nm) leads to formation of the carbene (III).
Supplementary Figure 6 from The OPCML Tumor Suppressor Functions as a Cell Surface Repressor–Adaptor, Negatively Regulating Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (2023)

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Wasserlösliche Metallkomplexe und Katalysatoren, IV. 2,2′‐Bipyridin‐5‐sulfonsäure: Synthese, Reinigung, Derivate und Metallkomplexe (1990)

Water‐Soluble Metal Complexes and Catalysts, IV. — 2,2′‐Bipyridine‐5‐sulfonic Acid Synthesis, Purification, Derivatives and Metal Complexes The synthesis of 2,2′‐bipyridine‐5‐sulfonic acid ( 1a ) is achieved by mercury(II)‐catalyzed sulfonation of 2,2′‐bipyridine in oleum (30% SO 3 ) in 10‐50‐g amounts. The crude product is purified by extraction of 1a as tetra( n ‐butyl)ammonium salt into dichloromethane and re‐extraction of the free acid with conc, hydrobromic acid. Melting of 1a together with potassium hydroxide gives 5‐hydroxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine ( 2 ). The salts 1b–d (Na + , [N( n ‐C 4 H 9 ) 4 ] + , [P(C 6 H 5 ) 4 ] + ) and sulfonamides 1f–h ( tert ‐butyl, benzyl, 2‐pyridylmethyl) of the acid 1a are ligands of different solubility. The coordination chemistry of these N,N ‐chelating ligands is studied. The compounds 4–14 of chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, manganese, rhenium, and osmium containing carbonyl or oxo ligands are prepared as examples of chelate complexes with metals in low and high oxidation states. The solubility of the complexes is mostly determined by the cations: sodium salts are usually soluble in water and/or in short‐chained alcohols. Tetra‐ n ‐butylammonium and tetraphenylphosphonium salts and the sulfonamides are soluble in polar organic solvents. On the other hand, the distribution of charge has an influence on solubility. Increased polarity of the anion, caused by high oxidation states of the metals, decreases the solubility of the complex in organic solvents.
Sci—Thur PM: Planning & Delivery — 06: Real‐Time Interactive Treatment Planning (2014)

Purpose: To describe and evaluate a novel system for generalized Real‐Time Interactive Planning (RTIP) applied to head &amp; neck (H&amp;N) VMAT. Methods: The clinician interactively manipulates dose distributions using DVHs, isodoses, or rate of dose fall‐off, which may be subjected to user‐defined constraints. Dose is calculated using a fast Achievable Dose Estimate (ADE) algorithm, which simulates the limits of what can be achieved during treatment. After each manipulation contributing fluence elements are modified and the dose distribution updates in effectively real‐time. For H&amp;N VMAT planning, structure sets for 11 patients were imported into RTIP. Each dose distribution was interactively modified to minimize OAR dose while constraining target DVHs. The resulting RTIP DVHs were transferred to the Eclipse™ VMAT optimizer, and conventional VMAT optimization was performed. Results: Dose calculation and update times for the ADE algorithm ranged from 2.4 to 22.6 milliseconds, thus facilitating effectively real‐time manipulation of dose distributions. For each of the 11 H&amp;N VMAT cases, the RTIP process took ∼2–10 minutes. All RTIP plans exhibited acceptable PTV coverage, mean dose, and max dose. 10 of 11 RTIP plans achieved substantially improved sparing of one or more OARs without compromising dose to targets or other OARs. Importantly, 10 of the 11 RTIP plans required only one or two post‐RTIP optimizations. Conclusions: RTIP is a novel system for manipulating and updating achievable dose distributions in real‐time. H&amp;N VMAT plans generated using RTIP demonstrate improved OAR sparing and planning efficiency. Disclosures: One author has a commercial interest in the presented materials.
OmpT proteolysis of E. coli initiation factor IF2. Elimination of a cleavage site by site-directed mutagenesis. (1992)

A serious problem during purification of the E. coli initiation factor IF2 is a significant loss of native IF2 due to partial degradation. We have previously shown that the major fragment, IF2 gamma (65 kDa), is the result of cleavage of IF2 alpha at the peptide bond between lysine 289 and arginine 290. In this paper we demonstrate that the cleavage is a result of proteolysis by outer membrane protease OmpT occurring immediately after cell lysis and in the S30 supernatant. By protein engineering we have constructed an IF2 mutant Lys289-greater than Met and shown that the IF2 gamma cleavage site in this mutant protein is insensitive to cleavage by OmpT. However the mutant protein is cleaved by OmpT between arginine 279 and alanine 280, which is a novel sequence specificity for this protease.
A Thirty-Year Journey to the Creation of the First Enantiomerically Enriched Molecular Sieve (2018)

In 1987, our research on how to synthesize a chiral zeolite began. Finally, in 2017, my co-workers and I succeeded in preparing and characterizing the first enantiomerically enriched molecular sieve. Here, I recount how we initiated our work on synthesizing a chiral molecular sieve, the lessons learned from the many failures we had over the years, and what were some of the key advances that ultimately led to the successful synthesis and proof that we had in fact prepared an enantiomerically enriched molecular sieve. I have no doubts that numerous other chiral molecular sieves will now be elucidated and that clever applications of these materials will ultimately be realized.
Development of High-Voltage Vertical GaN PN Diodes (2020)

This paper describes the development of vertical GaN PN diodes for high-voltage applications. A centerpiece of this work is the creation of a foundry effort that incorporates epitaxial growth, wafer metrology, device design, processing, and characterization, and reliability evaluation and failure analysis. A parallel effort aims to develop very high voltage (up to 20 kV) GaN PN diodes for use as devices to protect the electric grid against electromagnetic pulses.
Radio access virtualization: Cell follows user (2014)

Virtual radio access (VRA) technology wherein groups of cooperative transmit points (TPs) form virtual TPs (VTPs) to serve user equipments (UEs) continue to be a thriving subject of research in future generations of wireless networks. In this paper, we propose a technique that uses UE-centric metrics to provide multiple partitions of a wireless network into VTP sets. Our technique guarantees that all UEs enjoy a required gain in at least one VTP; effectively eliminating the edge UE experience in the network. To further enhance the performance of the proposed VRA technique in practical scenarios wherein there is a large load imbalance in the network, we also introduce a new concept of soft UE-TP association in which each UE is partially associated with multiple TPs. The use of our soft association concept when forming VTP sets facilitates load-balancing among various TPs. Finally, a technique is also offered to select the best VTP set at each scheduling resource unit. Numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the performance of our virtualization techniques.
Three‐Year Follow‐Up of protection Rates in Children Given Varicella Vaccine (2002)

Varicella vaccination completely prevented the development of typical chickenpox during the three years of observation. Breakthrough infections were infrequent (about 5% per year) and mild. Zoster was rare.
Corrosion Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring of Oil and Natural Gas Infrastructure: A Review (2019)

Corrosion has been a great concern in the oil and natural gas industry costing billions of dollars annually in the U.S. The ability to monitor corrosion online before structural integrity is compromised can have a significant impact on preventing catastrophic events resulting from corrosion. This article critically reviews conventional corrosion sensors and emerging sensor technologies in terms of sensing principles, sensor designs, advantages, and limitations. Conventional corrosion sensors encompass corrosion coupons, electrical resistance probes, electrochemical sensors, ultrasonic testing sensors, magnetic flux leakage sensors, electromagnetic sensors, and in-line inspection tools. Emerging sensor technologies highlight optical fiber sensors (point, quasi-distributed, distributed) and passive wireless sensors such as passive radio-frequency identification sensors and surface acoustic wave sensors. Emerging sensors show great potential in continuous real-time in-situ monitoring of oil and natural gas infrastructure. Distributed chemical sensing is emphasized based on recent studies as a promising method to detect early corrosion onset and monitor corrosive environments for corrosion mitigation management. Additionally, challenges are discussed including durability and stability in extreme and harsh conditions such as high temperature high pressure in subsurface wellbores.
Optimization of a High Resolution Small Animal SPECT System using GATE and STIR Software (2018)

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) has been widely used for preclinical research. High resolution small animal SPECT imaging can be achieved by employing a pinhole or multi-pinhole collimators. However, the useful FOV is narrow compared to that of a parallel-hole collimator. The aim of this study is to optimize the hole diameter of a parallel square-hole collimator for high resolution whole-body small animal SPECT imaging using GATE and STIR software. The small animal SPECT consists of a tungsten parallel square-hole collimator (L= 30 mm), a monolithic GAGG crystal (49 × 49 × 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), and a PMT (H9500). The SPECT images of an Ultra-Micro hot phantom and NEMA NU-4 phantom were acquired with different square-hole sizes of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, and 1.2 mm. The collimator length and septal thickness were kept as 30 mm and 0.1 mm, respectively. The projection image (128 × 128 matrix, pixel size of 0.3828 × 0.3828 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) was reconstructed with FBP, and OSMAPOSL algorithms provided by STIR software. With the collimator hole size of 0.4 mm, the spatial resolution of 1.11 mm and sensitivity of 0.001% could be achieved. The contrast recovery coefficient could be improved by using the 0.4 mm hole size and the hot rods (D= 1.35 mm) could be identified clearly. The important message from this work is that the small animal SPECT system can be optimized with the open-source software packages of GATE and STIR. In the future, a prototype small animal SPECT will be developed based on the GATE simulation results.