gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Cell-based bioassays in microfluidic systems</title> (2004)

The development of cell-based bioassays for high throughput drug screening or the sensing of biotoxins is contingent on the development of whole cell sensors for specific changes in intracellular conditions and the integration of those systems into sample delivery devices. Here we show the feasibility of using a 5-(and-6)-carboxy SNARF-1, acetoxymethyl ester, acetate, a fluorescent dye capable of responding to changes in intracellular pH, as a detection method for the bacterial endotoxin, lipopolysaccharide. We used photolithography to entrap cells with this dye within poly(ethylene) glyocol diacrylate hydrogels in microfluidic channels. After 18 hours of exposure to lipopolysaccharide, we were able to see visible changes in the fluorescent pattern. This work shows the feasibility of using whole cell based biosensors within microfluidic networks to detect cellular changes in response to exogenous agents.
Elevated glucose and angiotensin II increase 12-lipoxygenase activity and expression in porcine aortic smooth muscle cells. (1993)

The lipoxygenase (LO) pathway of arachidonate metabolism has been suggested to play a key role in atherosclerosis and in mediating several actions of angiotensin II (AII). However, the relationship between LO activation and factors linked to accelerated diabetic vascular disease such as hyperglycemia and AII is not known. We have investigated the effect of high glucose (HG; 25 mM) and AII on LO activity as well as LO protein and mRNA expression in porcine aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (PVSMCs). We observed that cells cultured in HG had significantly higher levels of the cell-associated LO products 12- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs). AII added to cells grown in HG specifically further increased only cell-associated 12-HETE levels. Using immunoblot analysis and reverse transcriptase PCRs, we demonstrated the presence in PVSMCs of porcine leukocyte-type 12-LO protein and mRNA, respectively. Furthermore, the levels of both were markedly upregulated by AII as well as by HG. These studies suggest that enhanced 12-LO activity and expression are mechanisms for accelerated vascular disease produced by HG and AII in diabetes mellitus.
Robust anti‐obesity and metabolic effects of a dual GLP ‐1/glucagon receptor peptide agonist in rodents and non‐human primates (2016)

Repeated administration of MEDI0382 elicits profound weight loss in DIO mice and non-human primates, produces robust glucose control and reduces hepatic fat content and fasting insulin and glucose levels. The balance of activities at the GLP-1 and glucagon receptors is considered to be optimal for achieving weight and glucose control in overweight or obese Type 2 diabetic patients.
In this issue: Role of immune cells and molecules in rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and cancer immunotherapy (2018)

Hierarchical organizations and coordinated interaction between immune cells and molecules enables the host to combat pathogenic insults and protect against physiological disequilibrium due to dysre...
A Laboratory Light Source for Ultrafast Kinetics of EUV Exposure Processes and Ultra-Small Pitch Lithography (2020)

An ultra-short pulsed, ultra-broadband (~13nm-~13pm) light-source has been developed to drive atto- to femto- second time-resolved studies on EUV photo-resist materials. The same source will also be used to investigate EUV driven nano-lithography.
A Tale of Seemingly “Identical” Silicon Quantum Dot Families: Structural Insight into Silicon Quantum Dot Photoluminescence (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Two quantum dots, both alike in composition, but differing in structure, where we lay our scene. From broader classes, to bring deeper understanding, to the crystalline core that drives the quantum dot's sheen. In this contribution we examine two families of silicon quantum dots (SiQDs) that bring to mind the Capulets and the Montagues in Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet because of their stark similarities and differences. SiQDs are highly luminescent, heavy-metal-free and based upon earth-abundant elements. As such, they have attracted attention for far reaching applications ranging from biological imaging to luminescent solar concentrators to light-emitting diodes that rely on their size-dependent optical response. Unfortunately, correlating SiQD “size” to their photoluminescence maximum is often challenging. Herein, we provide essential structural insight into the correlation of SiQD dimension and PL maximum through a direct comparison of samples that exhibit statistically identical physical dimensions (d&lt;sub&gt;TEM&lt;/sub&gt;) and chemical compositions, but different crystallite size (d&lt;sub&gt;XRD&lt;/sub&gt;) and PL maxima. We then expand the scope of this investigation and systematically compare groupings of SiQDs: one in which the d&lt;sub&gt;XRD&lt;/sub&gt; and d&lt;sub&gt;TEM&lt;/sub&gt; agree and one where d&lt;sub&gt;XRD &lt;/sub&gt;&lt; d&lt;sub&gt;TEM&lt;/sub&gt;. This latter comparison clearly shows d&lt;sub&gt;XRD&lt;/sub&gt; better predicts SiQD optical response when using the well-established effective mass approximation. &lt;/p&gt;
Ab initiostudy of lithium intercalation in metal oxides and metal dichalcogenides (1997)

A study of the average voltage to intercalate lithium in various metal oxides is presented. By combining the ab initio pseudopotential method with basic thermodynamics the average intercalation voltage can be predicted without the need for experimental data. This procedure is used to systematically study the effect of metal chemistry, anion chemistry, and structure. It is found that Li is fully ionized in the intercalated compounds with its charge transferred to the anion and to the metal. The substantial charge transfer to the anion is responsible for the large voltage difference between oxides, sulfides, and selenides. Ionic relaxation, as a result of Li intercalation, causes nonrigid-band effects in the density of states of these materials. Suggestions for compounds that may have a substantially larger voltage than currently used materials are also presented.
1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerases, and methods of use (2023)

The present invention relates to isolated DNA sequences which code for the expression of plant 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase protein, such as the sequence presented in SEQ ID NO:1 which encodes a 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase protein from peppermint (Mentha x piperita). Additionally, the present invention relates to isolated plant 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase protein. In other aspects, the present invention is directed to replicable recombinant cloning vehicles comprising a nucleic acid sequence which codes for a plant 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase, to modified host cells transformed, transfected, infected and/or injected with a recombinant cloning vehicle and/or DNA sequence of the invention.
Autism spectrum disorder: advances in evidence-based practice (2014)

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) encompasses wide variation in symptom severity and functional impact. The core features of ASD include impairments in social communication, repetitive behaviours and restricted interests. Not all people with ASD identify their challenges as a disorder. Autism spectrum
Designing natural speech interactions for the living room (2013)

Speech technology promises to enable 'natural' experiences that remove the translation between a user's desires and a system's actions. While speech systems can translate speech into text, they cannot yet understand the vast range of users' intentions. The use of speech is also expanding from mobile contexts to environments like the living room. Given these shifts, key design questions emerge. How do we encourage natural speech while conveying scope? How do we provide feedback of understanding? What is the role of text-to-speech in this context? This paper presents findings from studying a prototype speech system enabling users to find movies and TV shows. We show the influence of a novel approach for conveying examples, a method for seamlessly integrating text and audio feedback, and share guidance on the use of text-to-speech in the living room.
Oxygen generation by electrolysis to treat retinal ischemia (2016)

This paper reports the first electrolysis-based oxygen generation and transportation device for the treatment of retinal ischemia; containing an isolated biocompatible electrolyte and inductive power transfer for on-demand oxygen. A finite element model of the retina along with oxygen delivery data demonstrates the feasibility of the device. The estimated therapeutic window for the device was found to be 210 minutes for the light adapted retina, and 55 minutes for the dark adapted retina.
The addition of chlorosulphonyl isocyanate to an allenyl acetate. The preparation of a versatile intermediate for antibiotic synthesis (1984)

J. D. Buynak, H. Pajouhesh, D. L. Lively and Y. Ramalakshmi, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 948 DOI: 10.1039/C39840000948
Cover Picture: A 3D Nanostructured Hydrogel‐Framework‐Derived High‐Performance Composite Polymer Lithium‐Ion Electrolyte (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 8/2018) (2018)

3D nanostructured ceramic frameworks …. … improve the performance of composite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries. In their Communication on page 2096 ff. G. Yu et al. report a 3D nanostructured hydrogel-derived ceramic framework, which was integrated with a polymer to create a flexible electrolyte membrane in which the 3D framework forms a percolated network. The continuous interphase on the framework improves the Li-ion conductivity and the high ceramic content also increases electrochemical and thermal stability. 3D nanostructured ceramic frameworks …. … improve the performance of composite polymer electrolytes for lithium batteries. In their Communication on page 2096 ff. G. Yu et al. report a 3D nanostructured hydrogel-derived ceramic framework, which was integrated with a polymer to create a flexible electrolyte membrane in which the 3D framework forms a percolated network. The continuous interphase on the framework improves the Li-ion conductivity and the high ceramic content also increases electrochemical and thermal stability. DNA Nanotechnology Photochemistry Hydrolysis Batteries
Characterisation of Electron Transport in MBE Grown Indium Nitride (2006)

Transport properties of multiple electron species in two samples of indium nitride (InN) grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) have been measured. Variable field Hall and resisitivity data were used in a quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) to extract the concentrations and mobilities of two electron species, attributed to the bulk and a surface accumulation layer. While the properties of the bulk electron species remain consistent between the samples, grown under similar conditions, the surface properties are found to vary significantly.
The effect of urocortin on ingestive behaviours and brain Fos immunoreactivity in mice (2003)

The influence of urocortin (UCN) on ingestive behaviours and brain neural activity, as measured immunohistochemically by the presence of Fos protein, was determined in mice. Rat UCN was administered by continuous intracerebroventricular (ICV) or subcutaneous (SC) infusion. ICV infusion of UCN (100 ng/h, 14 days) transiently reduced daily food and water intakes (days 1-4) but body weight was reduced from day 2 into the post-infusion period. Sodium intake was reduced from day 3 to the end of infusion. SC infusion of UCN caused similar but smaller reductions in food and water intakes and body weight, without change in sodium intake. In separate experiments, Fos immunoreactivity was increased in several brain nuclei known to be involved in the control of body fluid and energy homeostasis, e.g. central nucleus of the amygdala, median preoptic nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and arcuate nucleus. Increased Fos expression was similar for ICV and SC infusions when measured on days 2-3 or 6-7 of infusion. In conclusion, increases of brain activity by UCN may be associated with stimulation of adrenocorticotrophic hormone release and sympathetic nervous activity, but increases may also indicate suppression of ingestive behaviours by stimulating central inhibitory mechanisms located in areas known to control body fluid and energy homeostasis.
Playing in Time: Integrating Temporal Information in the Computational Measurement of Musical Similarity (2016)

In this article we discuss the importance of temporal information in assessing musical similarity and we present a content-based approach that emphasizes the sequential repetition of perceptually relevant, expressive musical features. To examine these approaches, we implemented three previously proposed MFCC-based music similarity assessment systems and compared their results with those obtained from the proposed new system. We employed human listeners to provide a “ground-truth” assessment of musical similarity for a body of 60 songs spanning 14 musical styles. Analysis of this body of music by the four methods showed higher correlation of human listener similarity assessments with the machine results for the ordering of musical features has the potential to increase performance of music similarity models.
Adaptive mesh refinement and automatic remeshing in crystal plasticity finite element simulations (2009)

In finite element simulations dedicated to the modelling of microstructure evolution, the mesh has to be fine enough to: (i) accurately describe the geometry of the constituents; (ii) capture local strain gradients stemming from the heterogeneity in material properties. In this paper, 3D polycrystalline aggregates are discretized into unstructured meshes and a level set framework is used to represent the grain boundaries. The crystal plasticity finite element method is used to simulate the plastic deformation of these aggregates. A mesh sensitivity analysis based on the deformation energy distribution shows that the predictions are, on average, more sensitive near grain boundaries. An anisotropic mesh refinement strategy based on the level set description is introduced and it is shown that it offers a good compromise between accuracy requirements on the one hand and computation time on the other hand. As the aggregates deform, mesh distortion inevitably occurs and ultimately causes the breakdown of the simulations. An automatic remeshing tool is used to periodically reconstruct the mesh and appropriate transfer of state variables is performed. It is shown that the diffusion related to data transfer is not significant. Finally, remeshing is performed repeatedly in a highly resolved 500 grains polycrystal subjected to about 90% thickness reduction in rolling. The predicted texture is compared with the experimental data and with the predictions of a standard Taylor model. Â© 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.
A New Course in the Countryside (1997)

Abstract This chapter examines the Sixty Articles on Agriculture launched by the Chinese government to relieve the famine, establish an incentive system in the commune system, and reinvigorate agriculture. Immediately after the Ninth Plenum, Chairman Mao gave detailed instructions for the immediate organization and dispatch of three seven-man teams to investigate communes in Guangdong, Hunan, and Zhejiang. After receiving the reports on the investigating teams, Mao already appeared to be willing to consider drastic reform of the communes.
Heterogeneous T cell motility behaviors emerge from a coupling between speed and turning in vivo (2020)

T cells in vivo migrate primarily via undirected random walks, but it remains unresolved how these random walks generate an efficient search. Here, we use light sheet microscopy of T cells in the larval zebrafish as a model system to study motility across large populations of cells over hours in their native context. We show that cells do not perform Levy flight; rather, there is substantial cell-to-cell variability in speed, which persists over timespans of a few hours. This variability is amplified by a correlation between speed and directional persistence, generating a characteristic cell behavioral manifold that is preserved under a perturbation to cell speeds, and seen in Mouse T cells and <i>Dictyostelium</i>. Together, these effects generate a broad range of length scales over which cells explore in vivo.
Design of Class-E power VCO in 65nm CMOS technology: Application to RF transmitter architecture (2008)

This paper investigates the feasibility of designing a RF TX architecture based on a Power VCO, operating at 1.95 GHz for UMTS/WCDMA standard. The Power VCO uses 2.5 V supply voltage and is designed using 65 nm CMOS technology from ST Microelectronics. The Power VCO is made up of an oscillating Power Amplifier (PA). In order to fulfil UMTS/W-CDMA requirements, especially on output power with regards to efficiency to save battery life, the used PA is a two-stage Class E PA. The output 1 dB compression point (CP1) is 22 dBm and Power Added Efficiency (PAE) @CP1 is 55.1%. This PA is then included in a loop to realize oscillation condition. The Power VCO oscillates @ 1.95 GHz, achieves an output power of 23.3 dBm with 60.3% PAE.
Coupled Markov Random Fields and Mean Field Theory (1989)

In recent years many researchers have investigated the use of Markov Random Fields (MRFs) for computer vision. They can be applied for example to reconstruct surfaces from sparse and noisy depth data coming from the output of a visual process, or to integrate early vision processes to label physical discontinuities. In this paper we show that by applying mean field theory to those MRFs models a class of neural networks is obtained. Those networks can speed up the solution for the MRFs models. The method is not restricted to computer vision.
Nanometer-scale imaging of domains in ferroelectric thin films using apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy (1998)

Images of nanometer-scale ferroelectric domains in BaxSr1−xTiO3 thin films are obtained with 30 Å spatial resolution using apertureless near-field scanning optical microscopy (ANSOM). The images exhibit inhomogeneities in the ferroelectric polarization over the smallest scales that can be observed, and are largely uncorrelated with topographic features. The application of an in-plane static electric field causes domain reorientation and domain-wall motion over distances as small as 40 Å. These results demonstrate the promise of ANSOM for imaging near-atomic-scale polarization fluctuations in ferroelectric materials.
Biotechnological applications of seed biology. (2011)

There is great interest in using the latest techniques of modern biotechnology to improve the range of both edible and industrial products from seed crops in order to benefit the ever increasing global population and to provide substitutes for raw materials, such as petrochemicals, that are currently derived from non-renewable sources. The manipulation of seed oil content has been the subject of much effort over the past 15 years. Most approaches have used transgene technology in order to create new oil profiles in existing major crops such as rapeseed and soybean. These studies have met with mixed success as outlined in the case study of petroselinic acid in transgenic rapeseed. An alternative approach is to use the latest methods of molecular marker assisted selection for the domestication of plants with novel and useful oil compositions. Recent progress in genomics and the application of molecular marker technology now make it feasible to envisage the relatively rapid domestication of entirely new crops such as cuphea, meadowfoam and coriander as important sources of oil-based renewable raw materials, particularly for non-food use.
New full-wave approximation for ocean acoustic travel time predictions (1995)

A new full-wave parabolic approximation is introduced that is valid for a wide range of grazing angles. By Fourier synthesis it yields travel times of ocean acoustic multipaths that are insensitive to a reference speed of sound. After depths and sound speeds are transformed to new coordinates, the highly efficient ‘‘split-step Fourier’’ algorithm is used to solve the new approximate wave equation for forward propagation. Accuracy of the new approximation has been tested by comparison to a broadband normal mode model in a range-independent environment. At 1000 km range and with a pulse of resolution 20 ms at center frequency 75 Hz, computed travel times of 24 multipaths agreed with maximum difference 3.4 ms, mean difference 0.9 ms, and rms difference 1.5 ms. This approximation may prove to be an efficient method for accurate travel time predictions of multipaths over a wide range of acoustic frequencies and for basin scale distances.
Applications Of Vector Quantization To Progressive Compression And Transmission Of Images (1987)

In this paper, we develop a technique based on tree-searched mean residual vector quantization (MRVQ) for progressive compression and transmission of images. In the first stage, averages over image subblocks of a certain size are transmitted. If the receiver decides to retain the image, the residual image generated by subtracting the block averages from the original is progressively transmitted using the tree-searched vector quantization (VQ) hierarchy. In an attempt to reduce the bit-rate of the initial transmission, Knowlton&apos;s scheme is used to transmit the block averages progressively. Using a (4x4) block size, we obtain high quality images at 1.4 bits/pixel.
Pseudoneglect in Solid-Line Versus Character-Line Bisection Tasks: A Test for Attention Dominance Theory (2005)

Department of Neurology and, Neural-Behavioral Science, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania
Ultrafast electron calorimetry uncovers a new long-lived metastable state in 1 T -TaSe 2 mediated by mode-selective electron-phonon coupling (2019)

Quantum materials represent one of the most promising frontiers in the quest for faster, lightweight, energy-efficient technologies. However, their inherent complexity and rich phase landscape make them challenging to understand or manipulate. Here, we present a new ultrafast electron calorimetry technique that can systematically uncover new phases of quantum matter. Using time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we measure the dynamic electron temperature, band structure, and heat capacity. This approach allows us to uncover a new long-lived metastable state in the charge density wave material 1<i>T</i>-TaSe<sub>2</sub>, which is distinct from all the known equilibrium phases: It is characterized by a substantially reduced effective total heat capacity that is only 30% of the normal value, because of selective electron-phonon coupling to a subset of phonon modes. As a result, less energy is required to melt the charge order and transform the state of the material than under thermal equilibrium conditions.
Real time magnetic resonance guided endomyocardial local delivery (2005)

The tracking device allowed real time in vivo visualisation of catheters in the aorta and left ventricle as well as precise targeting of myocardial areas. The use of this real time catheter tracking may enable precise and adequate delivery of agents for tissue regeneration.