gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elements in Mud and Snow in the Vicinity of the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System Road, Red Dog Mine, and Cape Krusenstern National Monument, Alaska, 2005-06 (2008)

A small number of mud, road bed soil, and snow samples were collected in 2005 and 2006 to assess metal concentrations and loadings to areas adjacent to the DeLong Mountain Regional Transportation System (DMTS) road in northwest Alaska. The DMTS road is used by large trucks to transport lead and zinc concentrates from Red Dog Mine to the shipping facility at Red Dog Port; it traverses 32 kilometers of land in Cape Krusenstern National Monument (CAKR). Mud collected in the summer of 2005 from wheel-wells of two passenger vehicles used for transport between Red Dog Mine and the port facility were enriched in cadmium, lead, and zinc by factors of about 200 to 800 as compared with mud collected from a vehicle stationed in Kotzebue, Alaska, whereas DMTS road bed soil samples were enriched by factors of 6 to 12. Thus, as of 2005, dispersal of mine ore wastes or concentrates by vehicles appeared to remain a potential source of metals along the DMTS road. Compared to snow samples obtained near a gravel road located near Kotzebue, Alaska, metal loadings estimated from individual snow samples collected in CAKR in April 2006 near three creeks, 13 to 50 meters from the road, were greater by factors of 13 to 316 for cadmium, 28 to 589 for lead, and 8 to 195 for zinc. When averaged for all three creek locations, mean loadings of cadmium, lead, and zinc calculated from snow samples collected at a nominal distance of 15 meters to the north of the road were 0.63, 34, and 89 milligrams of metal per square meter, respectively. Variability of particulate and metal loadings between individual samples and the three creek locations probably was affected by localized meteorological conditions and micro-topography on the snow drift and scour patterns, but road orientation on attainable truck speeds also might have been a factor. Results indicated that the ?port effect?, previously attributed to fugitive metal-enriched dusts stemming from concentrate transfer operations at the port facility, was not necessarily an important factor affecting spatial differences of metals deposition in snow along the road in CAKR during winter 2005?06. The average metal content of particulates in 2005?06 snow samples was slightly less than that of snow samples collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in CAKR at three near-road locations in April 2003. Mean metals concentrations in 2006 snow particulates were about three times greater than in the road bed soils that were sampled in 2005; however, the fraction of annual metals loadings occurring in winter as compared to the remainder of the year was not readily determined by these data. Although procedures have been implemented in recent years to reduce the quantities of metal-enriched fugitive dusts, particulates dispersed near the road during the winter of 2005?06 were enriched in metals and these particulates contributed considerable metal loadings to the nearby terrain.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiospecific Synthesis with Amino Acids. Part 1. Tryptophan as a Chiron for the Synthesis of α‐Substituted Tryptophan Derivatives. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of Liposomal Gemcitabine with High Drug Loading Capacity (2019)

Liposomes are widely used for systemic delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to reduce their nonspecific side effects. Gemcitabine (Gem) makes a great candidate for liposomal encapsulation due to the short half-life and nonspecific side effects; however, it has been difficult to achieve liposomal Gem with high drug loading capacity. Remote loading, which uses a transmembrane pH gradient to induce an influx of drug and locks the drug in the core as a sulfate complex, does not serve Gem as efficiently as doxorubicin (Dox) due to the low p Ka value of Gem. Existing studies have attempted to improve Gem loading capacity in liposomes by employing lipophilic Gem derivatives or creating a high-concentration gradient for active loading into the hydrophilic cores (small volume loading). In this study, we combine the remote loading approach and small volume loading or hypertonic loading, a new approach to induce the influx of Gem into the preformed liposomes by high osmotic pressure, to achieve a Gem loading capacity of 9.4-10.3 wt % in contrast to 0.14-3.8 wt % of the conventional methods. Liposomal Gem showed a good stability during storage, sustained-release over 120 h in vitro, enhanced cellular uptake, and improved cytotoxicity as compared to free Gem. Liposomal Gem showed a synergistic effect with liposomal Dox on Huh7 hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A mixture of liposomal Gem and liposomal Dox delivered both drugs to the tumor more efficiently than a free drug mixture and showed a relatively good anti-tumor effect in a xenograft model of hepatocellular carcinoma. This study shows that bioactive liposomal Gem with high drug loading capacity can be produced by remote loading combined with additional approaches to increase drug influx into the liposomes.
Regulation of Serum Amyloid A3 (SAA3) in Mouse Colonic Epithelium and Adipose Tissue by the Intestinal Microbiota (2009)

The gut microbiota has been proposed as an environmental factor that affects the development of metabolic and inflammatory diseases in mammals. Recent reports indicate that gut bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) can initiate obesity and insulin resistance in mice; however, the molecular interactions responsible for microbial regulation of host metabolism and mediators of inflammation have not been studied in detail. Hepatic serum amyloid A (SAA) proteins are markers and proposed mediators of inflammation that exhibit increased levels in serum of insulin-resistant mice. Adipose tissue-derived SAA3 displays monocyte chemotactic activity and may play a role in metabolic inflammation associated with obesity and insulin resistance. To investigate a potential mechanistic link between the intestinal microbiota and induction of proinflammatory host factors, we performed molecular analyses of germ-free, conventionally raised and genetically modified Myd88-/- mouse models. SAA3 expression was determined to be significantly augmented in adipose (9.9+/-1.9-fold; P<0.001) and colonic tissue (7.0+/-2.3-fold; P<0.05) by the presence of intestinal microbes. In the colon, we provided evidence that SAA3 is partially regulated through the Toll-like receptor (TLR)/MyD88/NF-kappaB signaling axis. We identified epithelial cells and macrophages as cellular sources of SAA3 in the colon and found that colonic epithelial expression of SAA3 may be part of an NF-kappaB-dependent response to LPS from gut bacteria. In vitro experiments showed that LPS treatments of both epithelial cells and macrophages induced SAA3 expression (27.1+/-2.5-fold vs. 1.6+/-0.1-fold, respectively). Our data suggest that LPS, and potentially other products of the indigenous gut microbiota, might elevate cytokine expression in tissues and thus exacerbate chronic low-grade inflammation observed in obesity.
Digital Robust Control for DC-DC Converter with Second-Order Differential Characteristics (2007)

Robust DC-DC converter which can cover extensive load changes and also input voltage changes with one controller is needed. Then the demand to suppressing output voltage change becomes still severer. We proposed an aproximate 2DOF digital controller which realizes the startup response and dynamic load response independently. The controller makes the control bandwidth wider, and at the same time makes a variation of the output voltage small at sudden changes of loads and the input voltages. In this paper, a new approximate 2DOF digital control system with additional zeros is proposed. Using additional zeros a second- order differential transfer characteristics between equivalent disturbances and an output voltage is realized. So the new controller makes a variation of the output voltage more small at sudden changes of loads and the input voltages. This controller is actually implemented on a DSP and is connected to a DC-DC converter. Experimental studies demonstrate that this type of digital controller can satisfy given severe specifications.
New Results On State-Space And Input-Output Identification Of Non-Gaussian Processes Using Cumulants (1988)

Closed form expressions and recursive equations relating the parameters of an ARMA model (which may be non-minimum phase, non-causal or may even contain all-pass factors) with the cumulants of its output, in response to excitation by a non-Gaussian i.i.d. process are derived. Based on these relationships, system identification and order determination algorithms are developed. The output noise may be colored Gaussian or i.i.d. non-Gaussian. When a state-space representation is adopted, the stochastic realization problem reduces to the balanced realization of an appropriate Hankel matrix formed by cumulant statistics. Using a Kronecker product formulation, an exact expression is presented for identifying state-space quantities when output cumulants are provided, or for computing output cumulants when the state-space triple is known. If a transfer function approach is employed, cumulant based recursions are proposed to reduce the AR parameter estimation problem to the solution of a system of linear equations. Closed form expressions and alternative formulations are given to cover the case of non-causal processes.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (2018)

Pregnancy-related heart disease is increasing worldwide and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is an important contributor to early (&lt;42 days postpartum) and late (up to 1 year postpartum) maternal death. PPCM is an idiopathic form of cardiomyopathy, presenting with heart failure secondary to left ventricular dysfunction towards the end of pregnancy, or in the months following delivery, where no other cause of heart failure is identified. It is a diagnosis of exclusion. Incidence and prognosis varies according to geography and is likely due to multiple factors. The recent specific pathophysiological hypothesis which states that the oxidative stress–cathepsin D-16 kDa prolactin cascade plays a key role in the development of PPCM in experimental models and in humans suggests that a therapeutic approach involving blockade of this pathway with bromocriptine may be a novel disease-specific approach. Despite ongoing research, numerous uncertainties regarding the incidence, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis of PPCM patients remain, indicating the need for further investigation. The establishment of the international registry on PPCM, under the umbrella of the EuroObservational research programme, will provide novel information and address many uncertainties.
Abstract 12054: Electro-anatomic Mapping Guided Endomyocardial Biopsy: A Systematic Review (2016)

Introduction: Electro-anatomic mapping (EAM) has been studied as a modality to improve the sensitivity and reduce false negative rates with endomyocardial biopsy (EMB). We systematically reviewed the literature describing EAM guided EMB. Methods: An experienced librarian developed search strategies for Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, Ovid CDR, Cochrane Central, Scopus and Web of Science. There were no restrictions on language or publication date. Animal studies were excluded. Search strategy included MESH headings and keywords including endomyocardial biopsy and electroanatomic mapping. Results: Out of 139 studies initially identified, 16 (9 case series, 7 case reports) were included in this systematic review. EAM guided EMB was performed in 152 patients and results of 241 biopsies were available for analysis. The most common indications for EAM guided EMB were suspected arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), myocarditis and cardiac sarcoidosis (CS). While fluoroscopic visualization of the bioptome close to mapping catheter was the most commonly utilized biopsy technique (n=7 studies), direct visualization of bioptome on CARTO (n=4) and on NavX (n=2) were used as well. Low voltage areas had abnormal myocardial histology more commonly (range 60-100%) than normal voltage areas (range 11-52%). Sensitivity of low voltage areas for abnormal myocardium ranged from 60% to 82%. EAM guided EMB appears safe and adverse events were noted in only one study (remote hemopericardium). Conclusions: EAM guided EMB is a safe and efficacious method to improve the sensitivity and reduce the false negative rate of conventional fluoroscopy guided biopsy.
Ketones from Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative, Non‐Symmetric Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of Carboxylic Acid Esters (2019)

Abstract Synthesis of the C−C bonds of ketones relies upon one high‐availability reagent (carboxylic acids) and one low‐availability reagent (organometallic reagents or alkyl iodides). We demonstrate here a ketone synthesis that couples two different carboxylic acid esters, N ‐hydroxyphthalimide esters and S ‐2‐pyridyl thioesters, to form aryl alkyl and dialkyl ketones in high yields. The keys to this approach are the use of a nickel catalyst with an electron‐poor bipyridine or terpyridine ligand, a THF/DMA mixed solvent system, and ZnCl 2 to enhance the reactivity of the NHP ester. The resulting reaction can be used to form ketones that have previously been difficult to access, such as hindered tertiary/tertiary ketones with strained rings and ketones with α‐heteroatoms. The conditions can be employed in the coupling of complex fragments, including a 20‐mer peptide fragment analog of Exendin(9–39) on solid support.
Backbone Thioester Exchange:  A New Approach to Evaluating Higher Order Structural Stability in Polypeptides (2004)

An amide bond has been replaced by a thioester in bovine pancreatic polypeptide (bPP) to allow rapid and reversible (dynamic) exchange of the alpha-helical segment with other thiols in solution. We have begun to study the higher order structural stability of bPP by measuring the equilibrium constant of the "backbone thioester exchange" (BTE) reaction. The extent to which the equilibrium (KBTE) favors one set of peptides over the other, which can be easily measured, can be directly correlated to the energy gained from favorable noncovalent interactions that occur between peptide segments on either side of the thioester bond (Kfold).
Are all multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors created equal? An in vitro study of sunitinib and pazopanib in renal cell carcinoma cell lines. (2011)

Although sunitinib and pazopanib are often used interchangeably in the clinical setting, our results suggest that in-vitro biological activity of the two agents differs. Sunitinib exhibits a cytotoxic effect on RCC cell lines, while pazopanib's activity is solely cytostatic. These data may be clinically relevant given the current lack of comparative in-vivo studies between the two agents.
Effect of object size, position, and detector pixel size on X-ray absorption, differential phase-contrast and dark-field signal (2014)

X-ray phase-contrast and dark-field imaging are two new modalities that have great potential for applications in different fields like medical diagnostics or materials science. The use of grating interferometers allows the detection of both differential phase shift and dark-field signal together with the absorption signal in a single acquisition. We present wave-optical simulations to quantitatively analyze the response of a grating-based X-ray phase-contrast and dark-field imaging setup to variations of the sample relative to the system. Specifically, we investigated changes in the size and the position of the object. Furthermore, we examined the influence of different detector pixel sizes while sample and interferometer remained unchanged. The results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the signal formation and represent a step towards the full characterization of the response of grating interferometry setups to specific sample geometries.
Amylo-AFFECT-QOL, a self-reported questionnaire to assess health-related quality of life and to determine the prognosis in cardiac amyloidosis (2023)

Amylo-AFFECT-QOL demonstrates good psychometric properties and is useful for quantifying HR-QoL and estimating CA prognosis. Its use may help to improve overall management of patients with CA.
The effect of structural disorder on guided resonances in photonic crystal slabs studied with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2007)

We measure the normal-incidence transmission coefficient of photonic crystal slabs with hexagonal arrays of air holes in silicon. The transmission spectra exhibit sharp resonant features with Fano line shapes. They are produced due to the coupling of the leaky photonic crystal modes, called guided resonances, to the continuum of free-space modes. We investigate the effects of several types of structural disorder on the spectra of these resonances. Our results indicate that guided resonances are very tolerant to disorder in the hole diameter and to interface roughness, but very sensitive to disorder in the lattice periodicity.
Analysis of Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer for EV applications (2022)

The wireless power transfer technology for electric vehicles charging has been largely improved during the last years in terms of system configurations, coil design, and control schemes with the aim to achieve higher power, higher efficiency, and longer transmission distance. The compensation stage is usually designed considering sinusoidal voltages and currents. However, the full-bridge converters used to generate the controlled voltage generate a square waveform, requiring design adjustments, reducing the efficiency of the compensation, and impacting the control performance. In this paper, a design guideline for the compensation stage and the evaluation of the performance of the wireless power sources system using power converters instead of sinusoidal sources is given.
T-cell activation results in microheterogeneous changes in glycosylation of CD45 (2007)

During T-cell development and activation, dramatic changes occur in glycan structures that decorate cell-surface glycoproteins. These changes have been considered to be general cellular events that affect many glycans on many glycoproteins. For example, loss of sialic acid from core 1 O-glycans on T-cell surface glycoproteins CD45, CD43 and CD8, detected with peanut agglutinin (PNA), is a hallmark of immature thymocytes and activated peripheral T cells. Loss of cell-surface sialic acid during T-cell activation has been proposed to enhance TCR reactivity with antigen. However, CD4 T-cell activation also results in increased binding of the CZ-1 antibody that recognizes a sialic acid-containing epitope on CD45RB. This indicates that increased sialylation of the CZ-1 epitope occurs during CD4 T cell activation, and that loss of cell surface sialic acid during T-cell activation is a selective event rather than affecting all cell surface glycans. As specific glycans on specific glycoprotein backbones control critical events in T-cell maturation and survival, understanding mechanisms of selective glycoprotein glycosylation is important for regulating T-cell development and function. We define the sialylated O-glycan epitope recognized by CZ-1, and find that, paradoxically, CZ-1 and PNA binding are simultaneously increased on activated CD4(+) T cells, demonstrating site-specific changes in CD45 sialylation. Moreover, we identify ST3Gal I as the sialyltransferase responsible for creating the CZ-1 epitope. Thus, changes in glycan structure during T-cell activation are microheterogeneous and unique to individual glycans on specific glycoproteins, implying that these glycans have precise functions in T-cell biology.
Molecular Gas Adsorption Induced Carrier Transport Studies of Epitaxial Graphene using IR Reflection Spectroscopy (2012)

We investigate molecular adsorption doping by electron withdrawing NO2 and electron donating NH3 on epitaxial graphene grown on C-face SiC substrates. Amperometric measurements show conductance changes upon introduction of molecular adsorbents on epitaxial graphene. Conductance changes are a trade-off between carrier concentration and scattering, and manifest at direct current and optical frequencies. We therefore investigate changes in the infrared (IR) reflection spectra to correlate these two frequency domains, as reflectance changes are due to a change of epitaxial graphene (EG) surface conductance. We match theory with experimental IR data and extract changes in carrier concentration and scattering due to gas adsorption. Finally, we separate the intraband and interband scattering contributions to the electronic transport under gas adsorption. The results indicate that, under gas adsorption, the influence of interband scattering cannot be neglected, even at DC.
TGFβ down-regulates PGE2 receptor subtype 2 in differentiating naive human CD4+ T cells, resulting in a lack of expression and function in Th17 cells (P6281) (2013)

Abstract Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important component in inflammatory diseases. Recently, PGE2 has been recognized as playing a critical role in determining CD4+ T helper cell differentiation and expansion (Th1 and Th17, respectively). In order to better understand the role prostaglandins play in differentiated human T-helper cells we determined the expression of various PG receptors in in vitro differentiated human Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells. Surprisingly, we found that while Th1 and Th2 cells express all four PGE2 receptor subtypes, Th17 cells did not express EP2 subtype as determined by qPCR. Stimulation with specific EP receptor agonists confirmed that Th17 cells did not express a functional EP2 receptor. This is in contrast with mouse Th17 which do not show this phenotype. We further found that this down-regulation of EP2 in human Th17 cells was dependent on exposure to TGFβ, and was dose dependent. This is in contrast to TGFβ reported effects on other cell types and also in mouse CD4+ T cells. This finding could explain why differentiated Th17 cells expand in the presence of PGE2, as they down-regulate an important regulatory feedback loop through EP2. Additionally, our data suggests that PGE2 receptor expression and biology in T cells may not translate from rodents to humans.
Morpheme segmentation by optimizing two-part MDL codes (2009)

In many real-world NLP applications, a compact yet rep-resentative vocabulary is a necessary ingredient. Words are often thought of as basic units of representation. In highly-inflecting and compounding languages, words can
An efficacious synthesis of aryl and heteroaryl C-glycosides (1987)

A. P. Kozikowski and X. Cheng, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1987, 680 DOI: 10.1039/C39870000680
Superplasticity of a Sc and Zr Modified Al-6%Cu Alloy Subjected to ECAE (2010)

Superplasticity in an Al-6%Cu-0.45%Mg-0.4%Mn-0.16%Sc-0.12%Zr alloy subjected to intense plastic straining through equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) was studied in tension at strain rates ranging from 5.6×10-4 to 5.6×10-3 s-1 in the temperature interval 350-450°C. The alloy had a non-uniform microstructure with an average crystallite size of 1.2 m. The volume fraction of high-angle grain boundaries was about 57%. In spite of small crystallite size the alloy shows moderate superplastic properties. The highest elongation-to-failures of 320% appeared at a temperature of ~425°C and an initial strain rate of ~1.410-3 s-1, where the strain rate sensitivity coefficient, m, was about 0.33. The relationship between superplastic ductilities and microstructure stability is analyzed.