gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluctuating Open Teams (FLOT) – A New Approach to Boost Team Creativity and Innovation Potential (2014)

The pharmaceutical industry heavily relies on external sources to supplement its internal R&D activities and fill its product pipelines. Outsourcing of workpackages, in-licensing of development projects, collaborations with academic research centers or biotech companies and hiring of consultants are classic approaches towards this goal. Here we describe a new open innovation approach, termed “fluctuating open teams (FLOT)” that combines synergistically internal and external talent for a drug discovery project. The approach is compared to other open innovation options and constitutes an ideal way to boost creativity and new ideas for project teams that hit a roadblock. Keywords: Creativity, crowd sourcing, diversity, drug discovery, open innovation, project teams, research and development.
Resolution-Enhanced Incoherent Imaging Using Annular Synthetic Aperture with Superposition of Phase - Shifted Optical Transfer Functions (2022)

A high-resolution image of an object is reconstructed by superposition of all the interference patterns accumulated from certain locations of two small sub-apertures moving on the perimeter of a synthetic aperture.
Application Of Digitized Fluorescence Microscopy And Video Photobleaching To Study Membrane Dynamics During Cell Locomotion (1989)

Our laboratory is concerned with understanding the dynamic structure of the plasma membrane with particular reference to the movement of membrane constituents during cell locomotion. We employ digitized fluorescence microscopy (DFM) alone or in combination with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) to investigate individual cells. DFM is really a new form of light microscopy in that the distribution of individual classes of ions, molecules, and macromolecules can be followed in single, living cells. By employing fluorescent antibodies to define antigens or fluorescent analogs of cellular constituents as well as ultra-sensitive, electronic image detectors and video image averaging to improve signal to noise, fluorescent images of living cells can be acquired over an extended period without significant fading and loss of cell viability. FRAP allows the measurement of translational mobility of membrane and cytoplasmic molecules in small regions of single, living cells.
Twenty-nine-gauge dual-chandelier retroillumination for the non-open-sky continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis in the penetrating keratoplasty triple procedure (2017)

We describe a technique for the penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) triple procedure that uses 29-gauge dual-chandelier illumination during creation of a non-open-sky continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC). The chandeliers are inserted through the pars plana into the vitreous cavity through the bulbar conjunctiva at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions. We compared this approach with that of a core vitrectomy, in which a single 25-gauge port is inserted into the vitreous cavity transconjunctivally through the upper temporal pars plana. The area of halation around the corneal opacity was significantly smaller in the 29-gauge group than in the 25-gauge group. The reduction in halation improved visibility of the anterior capsule and enabled the surgeon to perform CCC with greater safety. The 29-gauge chandelier system was more suitable than the 25-gauge chandelier system for the non-open-sky CCC component of the PKP triple procedure.
Biological Catalysis by RNA (1986)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Mature CD11c+cells are enhanced in hypersensitivity pneumonitis (2009)

The present study verified the hypothesis that enhanced maturation of antigen-presenting CD11c(+) cells could explain the viral-induced exacerbated immune response to Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula (SR), the main antigen responsible for farmer's lung, a classic form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). Four groups of mice were studied: group 1 received intranasal instillations of saline; group 2 received instillations of SR for 12 weeks; group 3 received instillations of saline and a single infection with Sendai virus on week 3; and group 4 received instillations of SR for 12 weeks with a single administration of Sendai virus on week 3. On week 13, mice were sacrificed and bronchoalveolar lavage was performed. Lungs were harvested, digested with enzymes, and CD11c(+) cells were analysed in flow cytometry with anti-CD11c, anti-CD86 and anti-major histocompatibility complex class II markers. Immunofluorescence studies were also performed with the same cell surface markers. Both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence results demonstrate that mature CD11c(+) cells are significantly enhanced in SR-challenged mice simultaneously infected with Sendai virus, compared with other groups. These CD11c(+) cells persist in the lung for 9 weeks after the virus infection. Maturation of CD11c(+) cells could explain, at least in part, the virus-induced increased immune response to SR antigens in this model of HP, but mechanisms have still to be elucidated.
Fabrication and testing of all solid-state microscale lithium batteries for microspacecraft applications (2001)

A microfabrication process has been developed to prepare thin film solid-state lithium batteries as small as 50 μm × 50 μm. Individual cells operate nominally at 3.9 V with 10 μA h cm−2 for a 0.25 μm thick cathode film. The cells are easily fabricated in series and parallel arrangement to yield batteries with higher voltage and/or capacity. Multiple charge/ discharge cycles are possible, though an apparent reaction of the in situ plated Li film with water or oxygen decreases cycle life several orders of magnitude from expected results. Further optimization of an encapsulating film will likely extend the cell cyclability. These microbattery arrays will be useful for providing on-chip power for low current, high voltage applications for microspacecraft and other miniaturized systems.
Fast Prediction Mode Decision in HEVC Using a Pseudo Rate-Distortion Based on Separated Encoding Structure (2016)

A novel fast algorithm is suggested for a coding unit (CU) mode decision using pseudo rate-distortion based on a separated encoding structure in High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC). A conventional HEVC encoder requires a large computational time for a CU mode prediction because prediction and transformation procedures are applied to obtain a rate-distortion cost. Hence, for the practical application of HEVC encoding, it is necessary to significantly reduce the computational time of CU mode prediction. As described in this paper, under the proposed separated encoder structure, it is possible to decide the CU prediction mode without a full processing of the prediction and transformation to obtain a rate-distortion cost based on a suitable condition. Furthermore, to construct a suitable condition to improve the encoding speed, we employ a pseudo rate-distortion estimation based on a Hadamard transformation and a simple quantization. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves a reduction in the total encoding time with a similar coding performance to that of the HEVC reference model.
Enhanced quantum dot optical down-conversion using asymmetric 2D photonic crystals (2011)

Asymmetric 2D photonic crystals were fabricated using polymer embedded PbS quantum dots on plastic substrates for enhancing optical down conversion efficiency from blue to near infrared wavelengths through enhanced extraction and excitation effects. We demonstrate 8x improvement of QD emission at normal incidence extraction from enhanced extraction and 2.5x improvement in power conversion efficiency from enhanced excitation.
On the contribution of stereochemistry to human ITPK1 specificity: Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 is not a physiologic substrate (2005)

Ins(1,4,5,6)P4, a biologically active cell constituent, was recently advocated as a substrate of human Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 1-kinase (hITPK1), because stereochemical factors were believed relatively unimportant to specificity [Miller, G.J., Wilson, M.P., Majerus, P.W. and Hurley, J.H. (2005) Specificity determinants in inositol polyphosphate synthesis: crystal structure of inositol 1,3,4-triphosphate 5/6-kinase. Mol. Cell. 18, 201-212]. Contrarily, we provide three examples of hITPK1 stereospecificity. hITPK1 phosphorylates only the 1-hydroxyl of both Ins(3,5,6)P3 and the meso-compound, Ins(4,5,6)P3. Moreover, hITPK1 has >13,000-fold preference for Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 over its enantiomer, Ins(1,4,5,6)P4. The biological significance of hITPK1 being stereospecific, and not physiologically phosphorylating Ins(1,4,5,6)P4, is reinforced by our demonstrating that Ins(1,4,5,6)P4 is phosphorylated (K(m) = 0.18 microM) by inositolphosphate-multikinase.
44.5L: Late‐News Paper : All‐organic, Transparent Up‐conversion Displays with Tailored Excitation and Emission Wavelengths (2008)

Abstract In this paper we describe the World's first all‐organic, transparent, flexible, versatile color displays based upon triplet‐triplet annihilation assisted photon up‐conversion. The devices work with ultra‐low excitation intensities down to 10 mWcm −2 red/near‐IR light. The displays are based on metallated‐porphyrin sensitizers in combination with emitters in a transparent matrix and are driven by galvano‐scanned laser diodes. The displays have external quantum yield as high as 3.2%. The response time can be adjusted to specific application requirements — from a few μs to few 100 μs allowing kHz‐refreshment rate of the displayed information. It is possible to easily tune the optical density of the screens in order to obtain a desired transmittance for the excitation beam. We demonstrate the ability to achieve multicolor emission, using only one excitation source. There are practically no display size limitations and it is a very simple, cost‐effective fabrication.
USE OF CROHNʼS DISEASE MEDICATIONS, INCLUDING INFLIXIMAB, ARE NOT RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF INTESTINAL STRICTURE, STENOSIS OR OBSTRUCTION DATA FROM THE 6000-PATIENT TREAT REGISTRY (2004)

Purpose: Debate exists whether rapid mucosal healing induced by infliximab (IFX) in Crohn's disease (CD) leads to the development or exacerbation of intestinal strictures, stenosis, or obstruction (SSO). The TREAT Registry, an observational study, prospectively assessed the long-term safety of IFX in CD. Methods: More than 6000 patients from North America were enrolled, half of whom received IFX. Treatment choices were made by each patient's physician. Data for the incidence of SSO were analyzed to examine the potential contributory role of IFX as well as other factors. Results: As of February 2004, 6283 patients were enrolled in TREAT with 4247 patient years (pt-yrs) of follow-up for those who received IFX, and 3541 pt-yrs of follow-up for those who received treatments other than IFX. At enrollment, more IFX-treated patients had moderate-to-severe (33.9% vs 11.1%, p <0.0001) or severe-fulminant (2.9% vs 0.6%, p <0.0001) CD; more had been hospitalized (28.9% vs. 19.7%, p <0.0001) or undergone surgery (18.5% vs. 13.7%, p <0.0001) in the previous year; and more were taking corticosteroids (28.4% vs. 16.5%, p <0.0001), or immunomodulators (50.0% vs. 32.9%, p <0.0001). A total of 93 SSO events occurred in patients treated with infliximab, and 41 SSO events occurred in patients treated with other treatments (2.1 events per 100 pt-yrs vs 1.2; RR= 1.89). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that moderate, severe or fulminant disease (RR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.03-3.81, p <0.05), duration of CD (RR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.003-1.05, p <0.05) and ileal disease (RR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.15-3.03, p <0.05) were predictors of SSO events, but not prior IFX therapy (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.63-1.79, p = NS), immunomodulator use (RR = 1.40, 95% CI 0.81-2.42, p = NS), or corticosteroid use (RR = 1.62, 95% CI 0.98-2.70, p = NS). Conclusions: The baseline severity of CD, duration of CD and small bowel disease, but not therapy with infliximab, immunomodulators or corticosteroids, were associated with SSO events.
A viral CTL escape mutation leading to immunoglobulin-like transcript 4–mediated functional inhibition of myelomonocytic cells (2007)

Viral mutational escape can reduce or abrogate recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) of virus-specific CD8+ T cells. However, very little is known about the impact of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope mutations on interactions between peptide-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I complexes and MHC class I receptors expressed on other cell types. Here, we analyzed a variant of the immunodominant human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B2705-restricted HIV-1 Gag KK10 epitope (KRWIILGLNK) with an L to M amino acid substitution at position 6 (L6M), which arises as a CTL escape variant after primary infection but is sufficiently immunogenic to elicit a secondary, de novo HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cell response with an alternative TCR repertoire in chronic infection. In addition to altering recognition by HIV-1-specific CD8+ T cells, the HLA-B2705-KK10 L6M complex also exhibits substantially increased binding to the immunoglobulin-like transcript (ILT) receptor 4, an inhibitory MHC class I-specific receptor expressed on myelomonocytic cells. Binding of the B2705-KK10 L6M complex to ILT4 leads to a tolerogenic phenotype of myelomonocytic cells with lower surface expression of dendritic cell (DC) maturation markers and co-stimulatory molecules. These data suggest a link between CTL-driven mutational escape, altered recognition by innate MHC class I receptors on myelomonocytic cells, and functional impairment of DCs, and thus provide important new insight into biological consequences of viral sequence diversification.
Catchment topography : improving hydrologic predictions with lidar analysis (2015)

Channels, floodplains, hillslopes, and ridges are characteristic topographic features of landscapes around us. These topographic features occur at a variety of spatial scales. Climate, vegetation, soil type, and terrain characteristics control the shape of a catchment and of the channel network. Increasingly extreme and unpredictable weather patterns demand for better prediction of catchment hydrologic responses. The key to predict catchment response lies in understanding the topographic patterns and how they are influenced by the underlying processes, climate, and anthropogenic modifications. With the availability of high resolution topographic data, the characterization of topographic features at the scales relevant to hydrology and geomorphic processes is now possible. Light Detection and Ranging (lidar) digital terrain models (DTMs) (meter and sub-meter resolution) allow us to accurately quantify patterns of landscape dissection (e.g., drainage density), channel head locations, surface runoff patterns and hillslope length scales. Coarse resolution datasets (30- 100m), such as Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM), fail to capture local variability at relevant process scales and only resolve large scale topographic patterns. As we continue to collect high resolution data there is a growing need to develop new methods and algorithms to objectively extract topographic features, such as channels, and identify metrics able to characterize topography over large areas. The goals of the research presented here are to (i) identify the signature of climate, vegetation, topography and lithology on channel patterns, (ii) define new metrics to quantify catchment topography across a range of scales, (iii) improve existing feature extraction techniques for channel networks to upscale them to handle larger catchments, and, (iv) develop feature extraction tools for urban and highly engineered setting. The research will deepen our understanding about the effects of climate on channel patterns across a range of scales; the identification of new metrics will help characterize landscapes in an objective manner; improvement of existing feature extraction techniques to handle large catchments will help in designing best management practices for watersheds through distributed mapping of topographic attributes such as slope, curvature, and accumulation area; feature extraction in urban and engineered settings will improve the analysis of watersheds modified by humans.
Bactericidal Properties of Group IIA and Group V Phospholipases A2 (2001)

Group V phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) is a recently characterized 14-kDa secretory PLA(2) of mammalian heart and macrophage-derived cells. Group IIA PLA(2), which is structurally close to group V PLA(2), has been shown to kill Gram-positive bacteria in vitro and to prevent symptoms of Gram-positive infection in vivo. We studied the antibacterial properties of fully active recombinant rat group IIA and V PLA(2)s. Both group IIA and V PLA(2)s were highly bactericidal against Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant staphylococci and vancomycin-resistant enterococci. Only high concentrations of group IIA PLA(2) showed some bactericidal effect against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. Our results confirm that group IIA PLA(2) is a potent antibacterial enzyme against Gram-positive bacteria. Moreover, we show here that group V PLA(2) is a novel antibacterial mammalian protein, but is less potent than group IIA PLA(2). Both enzymes may be considered as future therapeutic agents against bacterial infections.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Materials with Wide Operating Range for τ-V Min Mode Devices (1999)

Abstract We investigated τ-Vmin mode FLC materials with respect to the operating range in voltage and temperature. For wide operating voltage range, we developed smectic C host mixtures with low viscosity and high dielectric biaxiality, and added a small amount of chiral compound to them. On the other hand, for wide operating temperature range, we optimized the combination of host and chiral materials from the viewpoint of temperature dependences of dielectric anisotropy and spontaneous polarization. As a result, we developed the FLC material FDS71 showing fast response time, high contrast ratio and wide operating range in voltage and temperature. This FLC material is suitable for the multiplexed passive-matrix ferroelectric liquid crystal displays showing full color moving images due to the high bit temporal dither technique.
Effect of temperature on internal efficiency in InGaAsP/InP quantum dash lasers (2022)

We investigate the evolution of current spreading, injection, and radiative differential efficiencies in InAs/InP quantum dash and InGaAsP quantum well lasers operating at 1550 nm under varying temperatures up to 80°C. Simulations in Crosslight PICS3D are compared to fabricated devices. The injection efficiency remains largely unaffected by temperature, with less efficient radiative recombination and current spreading accounting for the temperature sensitivity of device performance. A temperature-dependent 10% to 14% difference in the current spreading efficiency emerges as the primary cause of lower simulated efficiencies in these quantum dash lasers compared to the quantum wells.
Approche numérique et expérimentale des écoulements générés par un fluide thixotrope dans une cuve agitée (2007)

L’agitation d’un fluide à seuil rhéofluidifiant et thixotrope est investigué expérimentalement et numériquement. Les champs d’écoulements sont mesurés à trois vitesses de rotations par la vélocimétrie par images de particules dans une cuve agitée standard munie d’une hélice. A la vitesse de rotation la plus élevée, les caractéristiques de l’écoulement sont semblables à celles obtenues en régime turbulent. A mesure que la vitesse de rotation diminue, une caverne se forme, l’écoulement généré au voisinage de l’agitateur se réorganise (jusqu’à devenir essentiellement radial) et la capacité de pompage de celui-ci chute. La simulation numérique des écoulements nécessite la détermination préalable de la loi de comportement rhéologique du fluide modèle, puis l’implémentation de celle-ci via plusieurs modèles (Hershel-Bulkley, Coussot) dans le code de calcul de mécanique des fluides numérique (Ansys CFX 10.0). Une bonne adéquation entre expérience et simulation est constatée à vitesse de rotation élevée.&#13;\n
Structural Modification of the P2‘ Position of 2,7-Dialkyl-Substituted 5( S )-Amino-4( S )-hydroxy-8-phenyl-octanecarboxamides:  The Discovery of Aliskiren, a Potent Nonpeptide Human Renin Inhibitor Active after Once Daily Dosing in Marmosets (2007)

Due to its function in the rate limiting initial step of the renin-angiotensin system, renin is a particularly promising target for drugs designed to control hypertension, a growing risk to health worldwide. Despite vast efforts over more than two decades, no orally efficacious renin inhibitor had reached the market. As a result of a structure-based topological design approach, we have identified a novel class of small-molecule inhibitors with good oral blood-pressure lowering effects in primates. Further lead optimization aimed for improvement of in vivo potency and duration of action, mainly by P2' modifications at the hydroxyethylene transition-state isostere. These efforts resulted in the discovery of aliskiren (46, CGP060536B, SPP100), a highly potent, selective inhibitor of renin, demonstrating excellent efficacy in sodium-depleted marmosets after oral administration, with sustained duration of action in reducing dose-dependently mean arterial blood pressure. Aliskiren has recently received regulatory approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hypertension.
ROSA (2009)

Throughput maximization is one of the main challenges in cognitive radio ad hoc networks, where local spectrum resources may change from time to time and hop-by-hop. For this reason, a cross-layer opportunistic spectrum access and dynamic routing algorithm for cognitive radio networks is proposed, called ROSA (ROuting and Spectrum Allocation algorithm). Through local control actions, ROSA aims at maximizing the network throughput by performing joint routing, dynamic spectrum allocation, scheduling, and transmit power control. Specifically, the algorithm dynamically allocates spectrum resources to maximize the capacity of links without generating harmful interference to other users while guaranteeing bounded BER for the receiver. In addition, the algorithm aims at maximizing the weighted sum of differential backlogs to stabilize the system by giving priority to higher-capacity links with high differential backlog. The proposed algorithm is distributed, computationally efficient, and with bounded BER guarantees. ROSA is shown through discrete-event packet-level simulations to outperform baseline solutions leading to a high throughput, low delay, and fair bandwidth allocation.