gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hadamard transform domain filter for video coding (2019)

This paper proposes a filter for video coding in Hadamard transform domain. The filter is applied to decoded samples at the block level directly after reconstruction. The filter parameters are derived from the coded information depending on quantization parameter (QP) avoiding additional signaling overhead. The filter is designed in hardware friendly manner targeting to exclude multiplication and division operations by using look-up table (LUT). Total LUT size is 70 bytes where only 16 of them are required for one block filtering with certain QP. That allows to keep required loop-up table in one 128- bit register which is beneficial for SIMD software implementation. The method was tested on top of VTM2.0 according to the JVET common test conditions. The experimental results demonstrated 0.7% of bitrate reduction with 3% of encoding time and 1% of decoding time increase.
Characterization of Co-Al-O magnetic thin films by combined use of XPS, XRD and EPMA (1999)

Several Co–Al–O alloy thin films with different physical properties were prepared by reactive r.f. sputtering of Co85Al15 and Co70Al30 alloy targets in Ar + O2 atmospheres and were characterized by XPS, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The alloy films contained metallic Co, mainly of hexagonal phase, and also CoO. The Al oxide in the Co–Al–O thin films did not give any detectable diffraction peaks. The EPMA results showed that [Al]/([Co] + [Al]) ratios, where [M] denotes molar fraction of element M in the alloy, were almost the same as the compositions of the targets used for sputtering. However, quantitative XPS analysis resulted in much higher values of [Al]/([Co] + [Al]) ratios in comparison with the bulk values, suggesting enrichment of Al in the surface region. Aluminium detected by XPS was all in the oxidized state, and was in the form of hydroxide in the top surface region. Cobalt in the topmost region was in the form of oxyhydroxide, which was easily reduced to the metallic state by Ar+ etching. By taking the XPS, XRD and EPMA results into consideration, the difference of Co–Al–O alloys in electric resistance was explained qualitatively by the difference in microstructure of the alloy films, i.e. the difference in thickness of the oxide films on nanoscale particles of metallic Co embedded in an oxidized Al matrix together with the clearance between the nanoscale Co particles. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Erogorgiaene: Applications of Asymmetric Cu‐Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Alkylzincs to Acyclic Enones. (2004)

The first enantioselective synthesis of erogorgiaene (&lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt;), an inhibitor of mycobacterium tuberculosis,\nis disclosed. The total synthesis highlights the utility of asymmetric conjugate additions (ACA) of alkylzincs\nto acyclic α,β-unsaturated ketones catalyzed by peptidic phosphine ligands and (CuOTf)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;·C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;. Moreover,\nseveral critical attributes of this catalytic C−C bond-forming reaction are illustrated in the context of the\ntotal synthesis; these include the significance of various structural features of the amino acid-based chiral\nligands and the chiral ligand's effectiveness in reactions involving achiral and chiral substrates. In addition,\nthe total synthesis showcases some of the special properties of nonphosphine Ru complex &lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt; as a highly\neffective catalyst for olefin cross-metathesis.
Nanocrystalline CeO2 Increases the Activity of Au for CO Oxidation by Two Orders of Magnitude (2004)

Je kleiner, je besser: Die Abscheidung von Gold auf nanokristallinen Cerdioxid-Partikeln – statt auf einem regulären Cerdioxid-Träger – erhöht die Aktivität des resultierenden Katalysators in der selektiven Oxidation von CO zu CO2 selbst in Gegenwart von H2 (siehe Bild) um zwei Größenordnungen.
FTIR Analysis of Renal Tissue for the Assessment of Hypertensive Organ Damage and proANP31–67 Treatment (2023)

The kidneys are one of the main end organs targeted by hypertensive disease. Although the central role of the kidneys in the regulation of high blood pressure has been long recognized, the detailed mechanisms behind the pathophysiology of renal damage in hypertension remain a matter of investigation. Early renal biochemical alterations due to salt-induced hypertension in Dahl/salt-sensitive rats were monitored by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) micro-imaging. Furthermore, FTIR was used to investigate the effects of proANP<sub>31-67</sub>, a linear fragment of pro-atrial natriuretic peptide, on the renal tissue of hypertensive rats. Different hypertension-induced alterations were detected in the renal parenchyma and blood vessels by the combination of FTIR imaging and principal component analysis on specific spectral regions. Changes in amino acids and protein contents observed in renal blood vessels were independent of altered lipid, carbohydrate, and glycoprotein contents in the renal parenchyma. FTIR micro-imaging was found to be a reliable tool for monitoring the remarkable heterogeneity of kidney tissue and its hypertension-induced alterations. In addition, FTIR detected a significant reduction in these hypertension-induced alterations in the kidneys of proANP<sub>31-67</sub>-treated rats, further indicating the high sensitivity of this cutting-edge imaging modality and the beneficial effects of this novel medication on the kidneys.
Femtosecond Optical Breakdown in Dielectrics (1998)

We report measurements of the optical breakdown threshold and ablation depth in dielectrics with different band gaps for laser pulse durations ranging from 5 ps to 5 fs at a carrier wavelength of 780 nm. For $\ensuremath{\tau}&lt;100\mathrm{fs}$, the dominant channel for free electron generation is found to be either impact or multiphoton ionization (MPI) depending on the size of the band gap. The observed MPI rates are substantially lower than those predicted by the Keldysh theory. We demonstrate that sub-10-fs laser pulses open up the way to reversible nonperturbative nonlinear optics (at intensities greater than ${10}^{14}\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ slightly below damage threshold) and to nanometer-precision laser ablation (slightly above threshold) in dielectric materials.
Hypertension and PLD2 regulation by D dopamine receptor (2005)

Phospholipase D (PLD), whose enzymatic products stimulate NADPH oxidase activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, is regulated by the D5 dopamine receptor (D5R) but the PLD isoform (PLD1 and PLD2) regulated by D5R has not been investigated. PLD2, like the D5R, is constitutively active. In this study, we found that in the mouse kidney, PLD2, like the D5R, is mainly expressed in brush border membranes, while PLD1 is mainly expressed in vessels with much less staining in brush border membranes and collecting ducts. Because D5R deficient (D5-/-) mice are hypertensive (J Neurosci 2002;22:10801), we sought to determine whether D5R regulation of PLD2 is impaired and ROS is increased in D5-/- mice. Renal PLD activity is increased in D5-/- mice (5.5±0.52) relative to congenic D5 wild type (D5+/+) mice (3.2±0.58, n=3, p<0.05). PLD2, but not PLD1, expression is greater in D5-/- (60±3 density units, DU) than in D5+/+ mice (40±3 DU, n=6, P<0.05). The NADPH oxidase activity is also increased in D5-/- compared with D5+/+ mice. We next determined the regulation of PLD2 by D5Rs in HEK-293 cells heterologously expressing human D5R (HEK-hD5R). The D5R agonist, fenoldopam, decreases PLD2 (but not PLD1) expression in a receptor-specific, and time and dose-dependent manner (IC50= 0.08 μM, t1/2=5.7 hours). Fenoldopam inhibits NADPH activity and ROS production in PLD1-deficient HEK-hD5R cells, but to a lesser extent than in the empty vector-transfected HEK-hD5R cells; no effects are noted in PLD2-deficient HEKhD5R cells. We conclude that dopamine, via the D5R, inhibits PLD2 activity. Deficiency of D5R results in increased PLD2 and NADPH oxidase activities and generation of ROS, causing hypertension. Indeed, inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity normalizes blood pressure in D5-/- mice (unpublished data).
Stereoselective Synthesis of a Dipyridyl Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) Antagonist (2016)

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of dipyridyl TRPV3 antagonist 1 is reported. The four-step route involves two C-C bond-forming steps, a highly diastereoselective alkene hydration, and asymmetric ketone hydrosilylation in 97% ee.
Preparation of Acid-Functionalized Poly(phenylene oxide)s and Poly(phenylene sulfone) and Their Proton Conductivity (2007)

Abstract A series of highly acid-functionalized poly(phenylene oxide)s and poly(phenylene sulfone) were prepared and proton conductivity in their membranes is discussed. Phosphorylated poly(phenylene oxide)s were prepared via the oxidative polymerization of phosphonoxyphenols in alkaline water, along with a facile monomer preparation. A poly(phenylene oxide) bearing a sulfamide acid group was prepared by reacting amidosulfate with the corresponding carboxylated poly(phenylene oxide). A sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfone) was prepared by hydrogen peroxide oxidation of the sulfonated poly(phenylene sulfide). All these acid-functionalized polymers showed appropriate thermal stability based on the aromatic backbone. The polymers had a high ion-exchange capacity, were water-soluble, but gave transparent and flexible membranes after compositing with the poly(ethylene oxide). Some of the membranes displayed a high proton conductivity of 10−4 S cm−1 at 120 °C under dry conditions.
Contact metalens for high-resolution optical microscope in semiconductor failure analysis (2020)

The continuous downscaling of electronic devices requires higher-resolution optical microscopic images for semiconductor failure analysis (FA). However, a part of the diffracted light from the measuring pattern in the silicon (Si) substrate cannot be collected due to the total internal reflection (TIR) at the interface between the Si substrate and air. We propose a metalens suitable for FA that improves resolution of optical microscopic images by collecting beyond the critical angle of TIR at the interface. For the proof of concept, we integrated the fabricated metalens into the optical setup of FA and acquired optical microscopic images of FA that clearly show improved resolution.
Histologic study of testis injury after bisphenol A exposure in mice (2016)

The health effects of bisphenol A (BPA) have become a great concern in recent years. In this study, the reproductive toxicity of BPA was investigated. Male CD-1 mice were orally administrated with BPA (0, 100, 300 and 600 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> body weight) for 56 consecutive days. Results showed that relative testis weight to total body weight was significantly lower in the high-dose group ( p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Microscopic examination under light and transmission electron microscopes showed disorders of spermatogenesis after BPA exposure, including rough basal lamina of seminiferous tubules and damage of tight junctions between Sertoli cells. Further study by terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase-mediated nick end labelling assay showed a significant induction of apoptosis in the testis tissue of the BPA groups ( p < 0.01). Immunohistochemical study found that the expression of androgen-binding protein (ABP) was significantly decreased in BPA-treated mice ( p < 0.01). Our results indicated that impairment of the basal lamina of seminiferous tubules and tight junctions may contribute to BPA-induced cell injury. A decrease in the level of ABP could be the possible mechanism for the reproductive toxicity of BPA. These findings provided direct evidence and novel insight into the reproductive toxicity of BPA and may have implications for understanding the toxicity of other endocrine disruptors.
Supplementary Table 9 from MYC Phosphorylation at Novel Regulatory Regions Suppresses Transforming Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file, 98K, GO analysis of common gene expression changes.&lt;/p&gt;
A two‐dose epidural morphine regimen for cesarean section patients: therapeutic efficacy (1992)

A single dose of epidural morphine (EM) usually produces 24 h of post-cesarean section (CS) analgesia and patients require supplemental analgesics beyond this period. This study assesses if a second dose of EM administered 24 h after the first one offers superior therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional analgesics. Patients (n = 100) were randomized to receive one or two doses of epidural morphine. In all patients, EM 5 mg was administered after delivery. After 24 h patients received epidurally either normal saline (n = 50, Group 1) or morphine 5 mg (n = 50, Group 2). An independent observer used a visual analogue scale to assess nausea, itching, and analgesia 24 h after each injection. Results were expressed as mean +/- 1 s.e. mean and analyzed using nonparametric methods. The second dose of EM produced a significantly lower incidence and severity of nausea and itching than did the first dose (P < 0.01) in Group 2 with no difference in analgesia. The second day postoperative pain score in Group 1 was significantly greater than the first day score in the same group, and significantly greater than the severity score in Group 2. Only 36% of patients receiving two doses of EM required supplemental analgesics beyond 48 h compared to 76% of those receiving one dose (P < 0.01). No serious complications were noted. In summary, the use of a second dose of EM for post-CS analgesia produces better analgesia and reduces the need for oral analgesics. The second dose produced fewer side-effects, probably due to acute tolerance to morphine.
Efficient lossless coding schemefor vector quantisation using dynamic index mapping (1995)

The authors propose an efficient lossless coding scheme for vector quantisation (VQ) indices using a dynamic index mapping, which transforms an original index to a new index with a lower entropy. Simulations show that the proposed scheme considerably reduces the average bit rate both in ordinary and hybrid VQ systems for image compression.
Elastic registration for stent enhancement in X-ray image sequences (2008)

Curing coronary artery disease typically involves deploying a stent (a fine mesh of wire) supported by a balloon inside the patient artery. This procedure is monitored by X-ray fluoroscopy where stent visibility is challenging. Since 2000, stent enhancement techniques for X-ray fluoroscopy image sequences have become popular. They are based on motion compensated temporal integration of the stent images. The motion of the stent is classically inferred from the motion of the highly contrasted balloon marker balls. We propose a technique that compensates the motion of the whole guide-wire in the neighborhood of the marker balls. We demonstrate that the guide wire-based registration enables better enhanced images in 28% of the cases whereas marker ball based registration is better only in 4% of the cases. We provide examples, qualitative and quantitative analysis on a database of 144 clinical cases.
ECG-gated imaging of a mouse heart using a 40-MHz annular array (2008)

Prospective imaging with an annular-array scan system was implemented to image the mouse heart at high frame rates (> 200 frames/s, fps). M-mode data were acquired at a series of spatial locations using ECG gating. The pulse-repetition frequency of the M-mode data determined the frame rate of the final, reassembled B-mode images. The hearts of adult mice were prospectively imaged with a 40-MHz annular array. Annular-array data were acquired at an effective frame rate of 500 frames/s spanning 0.5 s. Data from the annular array were acquired for all transmit-to-receive pairs and synthetically focused in post-processing. The resulting images showed that multiple heart cycles could be clearly resolved using prospective imaging and that synthetic focusing improved the image resolution and SNR of the right ventricle, interventricular septum, posterior edge of the left ventricle (LV), and papillary muscles of the LV compared to fixed-focused imaging.
Surgical Monotherapy Versus Surgery Plus Adjuvant Radiotherapy in High-Risk Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2009)

High cure rates are achieved in high-risk cutaneous SCC when clear surgical margins are obtained. Current data are insufficient to identify high-risk features in which ART may be beneficial. In cases of PNI, the extent of nerve involvement appears to affect outcomes, with involvement of larger nerves imparting a worse prognosis.
A three-phase sine wave inverter system using multiple phase-shifted single-phase resonant inverters (1993)

Two novel systems for synthesizing three-phase sine waves with a combination of two units, using multiple phase-shifted single-phase resonant inverters, are proposed. The first system has the advantages of both a high-frequency resonant inverter and a high-frequency AC link. The second system has the advantage of a high-frequency resonant inverter. The structure and operating principles of both proposed systems are described and their features are compared with those of a conventional 12-step inverter. The simulated and experimental results show that the proposed systems have excellent characteristics and give high-quality output waveforms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Spatial and Temporal Measurements of Temperature and Reaction Species in the Cathode Diffusion Layer of a Planar Air-Breathing PEM Fuel Cell (2007)

Micron- and millimeter-scale sensors were employed to measure spatial and temporal distributions of temperature, oxygen partial pressure, and relative humidity in the layer immediately above the planar, horizontal cathode of PEM fuel cell driven by natural-convection. The sensors provide approximately 1 mm (or better) spatial resolution and 1 s temporal resolution. Substantial changes in temperature and reaction species concentrations were observed with increasing current density during a current-voltage (IV) scan. A linear decrease in oxygen partial pressure and a linear increase in water vapor partial pressure were observed with increasing current density. Spatially resolved profiles normal to the surface indicate that thermal and reaction species gradients extend up to 6 mm above the horizontal cathode surface. Complimentary horizontal profiles (parallel to the surface) reveal that the cell's cathode rib structure visibly influences oxygen distribution. Transient data reveal substantial differences in the time constants associated with oxygen, water, and heat transport.
Finite-Size Networks from Cylindrical Polyelectrolyte Brushes and Porphyrins (2009)

We report on the electrostatic self-assembly of negatively charged cylindrical polystyrenesulfonate (NaPSS) brushes and stiff organic counterions of different valency. In particular, the tetravalent cationic porphyrin meso-tetrakis(4-(trimethylammonium)phenyl)porphyrin (TAPP) yielded two new supramolecular architectures that are stable in aqueous solution. The porphyrin binds to the polyelectrolyte brush due to electrostatic and secondary π−π interactions and can further interconnect the brushes to nanoscale networks. In salt solution individual porphyrin-decorated cylindrical brushes were obtained. Structures formed are characterized by UV−vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). In order to study porphyrin aggregates by DLS, an IR laser setup (λ = 831.5 nm) was used. The new morphologies have potential as functional structures in molecular electronics and pharmaceutics.
Metabolic effects of dialyzate glucose in chronic hemodialysis: results from a prospective, randomized crossover trial (2011)

G200 may exert unfavorable metabolic effects in chronic HD patients, in particular hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinism, the latter in non-diabetic subjects.
Reaction of carbohydrates with Vilsmeier reagent: a tandem selective chloro O-formylation of sugars (2009)

A convenient and efficient method for selective replacement of the primary hydroxyl groups of sugars by chlorine with concomitant O-formylation, compatible with the presence of a variety of functional groups, has been developed using the Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. Sugars having free primary hydroxyl groups mostly afforded the chloro-O-formylated product while sugars devoid of primary hydroxyl groups yielded only O-formylated products.
A randomized, controlled trial to assess a novel colorectal cancer screening strategy: the conversion strategy A comparison of sequential sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy with immediate conversion from sigmoidoscopy to colonoscopy in patients with an abnormal screening sigmoidoscopy (2000)

The conversion strategy led to similar outcomes compared to traditional screening while improving compliance with colonoscopy in patients with an abnormal sigmoidoscopy.
Joint Communications and Sensing for Hybrid Massive MIMO LEO Satellite Systems With Beam Squint (2022)

To improve the efficient utilization of spectral and hardware resources, joint communications and sensing (JCS) has drawn extensive attention. Most existing JCS works focus on terrestrial networks and can not be straightforwardly applied in satellite systems due to the significantly different electromagnetic wave propagation properties. In this work, we investigate the application of JCS in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) low earth orbit (LEO) satellite systems. We first charac-terize the statistical wave propagation properties by considering beam squint effects. Based on this analysis, we propose a beam squint-aware JCS technique for hybrid analog/digital massive MIMO LEO satellite systems exploiting statistical channel s-tate information. Simulation results demonstrate that both the wireless communications and target sensing can be operated simultaneously with satisfactory performance, and the beam squint effects can be efficiently mitigated with the proposed method in typical LEO satellite systems.
Closed loop adaptive system with Hartmann wavefront sensor for CO<inf>2</inf> laser radiation correction (2014)

Summary form only given: In this paper we consider the design and realization of wide aperture adaptive system to correct for high power CW CO2 laser radiation. Two new approaches for development of the wavefront sensors to measure 10 μ laser radiation are considered.
Liposomal Amphotericin B, and Not Amphotericin B Deoxycholate, Improves Survival of Diabetic Mice Infected with Rhizopus oryzae (2003)

The efficacies of liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmB) were compared in a diabetic murine model of hematogenously disseminated Rhizopus oryzae infection. At 7.5 mg/kg of body weight twice a day (b.i.d.), LAmB significantly improved overall survival compared to the rates of survival in both untreated control mice (P = 0.001) and mice treated with 0.5 mg of AmB per kg b.i.d. (P = 0.047). These data indicate that high-dose LAmB is more effective than AmB in treating murine disseminated zygomycosis.