gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Action of Human P-glycoprotein ATPase Activity (1998)

Human P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux pump responsible for cross-resistance of human cancers to a variety of lipophilic compounds, is composed of two homologous halves, each containing six transmembrane domains and an ATP-binding/utilization domain. To determine whether each site can hydrolyze ATP simultaneously, we used an orthovanadate (Vi)-induced ADP-trapping technique (P-gp.MgADP.Vi). In analogy with other ATPases, a photochemical peptide bond cleavage reaction occurs within the Walker A nucleotide binding domain consensus sequence (GX4GK(T/S)) when the molecule is trapped with Vi in an inhibited catalytic transition state (P-gp.MgADP.Vi) and incubated in the presence of ultraviolet light. Upon reconstitution into proteoliposomes, histidine-tagged purified P-gp from baculovirus-infected insect cells had drug-stimulated ATPase activity. Reconstituted P-gp was incubated with either ATP or 8-azido-ATP in the presence or absence of Vi under ultraviolet (365 nm) light on ice for 60 min. The resultant products were separated by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and subjected to immunoblotting with seven different human P-gp-specific antibodies covering the entire length of the molecule. Little to no degradation of P-gp was observed in the absence of Vi. In the presence of Vi, products of approximately 28, 47, 94, and 110 kDa were obtained, consistent with predicted molecular weights from cleavage at either of the ATP sites but not both sites. An additional Vi-dependent cleavage site was detected at or near the trypsin site in the linker region of P-gp. These results suggest that both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal ATP sites can hydrolyze ATP. However, there is no evidence that ATP can be hydrolyzed simultaneously by both sites.
Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry compatible β‐elimination of O‐linked oligosaccharides (2002)

A new beta-elimination procedure has been introduced to cleave O-linked oligosaccharides from low- to sub-microgram amounts of glycoproteins prior to analysis by mass spectrometry. Borane-ammonia complex in aqueous ammonia is used as a cleaving solution alternative to the sodium borohydride/sodium hydroxide medium conventionally used in beta-elimination. The procedure results in minimum sample purification, leading to minimal sample loss and consequently an overall enhancement in sensitivity. It was applied successfully in the analysis of bovine fetuin and submaxillary mucin, as well as to a complex bile-salt-stimulated lipase glycoprotein isolated from human milk.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of isolated structural domains of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase (1989)

The structural integrity and substrate binding properties of the two genetically engineered domains of yeast phosphoglycerate kinase were investigated using one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance techniques. Both domains were found to fold with regions of native-like structure, with the N-domain showing greater conformational flexibility than the C-domain. The 'basic patch' region of the N-domain is, however, clearly perturbed by removal of the C-domain. This is most likely due to the absence of stabilizing interactions between the C-terminal peptide (including alpha-helices XIII and XIV) and the N-domain. The C-domain is able to bind nucleotide with an affinity only three times less than that of the native protein.
Measuring, modeling and decoupling of saturation-induced saliencies in carrier signal injection-based sensorless AC drives (2002)

The focus of this paper is the measuring, modeling, and decoupling of saturation-induced saliencies in carrier signal injection based sensorless control. First techniques for the measurement of saturation-induced saliencies are presented. The goal of these measurements is to provide useful information on the position and magnitude of the various saturation-induced saliencies. Using the results from several different experimental measurements, models are developed explaining the source and behavior of the saturation-induced saliencies. The paper concludes by presenting methods for decoupling the effects caused by the parasitic saturation-induced saliencies, eliminating the errors that they cause in rotor position or flux angle estimation.
Members of the MYBMIXTA-like transcription factors may orchestrate the initiation of fiber development in cotton seeds (2014)

OPINION article Front. Plant Sci., 01 May 2014Sec. Plant Cell Biology Volume 5 - 2014 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00179
A Novel Triphenylamine-Substituted Poly(p-phenylenevinylene):  Improved Photo- and Electroluminescent Properties (2001)

A novel triphenylamine-substituted and fully conjugated poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene), poly[5-(4‘-(N,N-diphenylamino)-phenyl)-2-(2‘-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene-alt-5-methoxy-2-(2‘-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] was synthesized by Wittig−Horner-type polycondensation. The polymer gave a high photoluminescence efficiency as a film (31%) and a low ionization potential of −5.1 eV. The simple double-layer light-emitting-diode devices of the polymer exhibited a very high luminance of 29 500 cd/m2 under a low driving voltage (≈8 V).
Differential effects of selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) tamoxifen, ospemifene and raloxifene on human osteoclasts in vitro (2007)

Tamoxifen had an oestrogen receptor dependent, direct, inhibitory effect on human osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption, whereas ospemifene and raloxifene required osteoblastic cells to achieve a similar inhibition. The effects of ospemifene and raloxifene were mediated by oestrogen receptors by a mechanism involving paracrine induction of osteoprotegerin in cultures with osteoblast derived osteosarcoma cells.
[Prognostic factors during rehabilitation after shoulder prostheses for fracture]. (1999)

The age and poor general condition of the patients as well as the difficulty of the surgical technique more than the rehabilitation, explain the disappointing results observed after shoulder prosthesis for four-part fractures. The discrepancy between active and passive elevation suggests that limited motion is not caused by a stiff shoulder because of glenohumeral scarring but instead by weakness of the deltoid (because of axillary lesion) and/or of the external rotators (because of greater tuberosity migration). There is some discordance between the necessity to early mobilise the shoulder and the high rate of tuberosity migration.
Dermis-simulating phantom for noninvasive blood glucose sensing with OCT (2018)

We developed a tissue phantom to mimic the optical properties of dermis layer and expect that it may serve as a useful tool to evaluate and standardize the theoretical model of noninvasive blood glucose sensing.
Waterfront on the Martian Planitia: Algorithmic emergent catchments on disordered terrain (2016)

Under a terraforming scenario, a reactivated hydrological cycle on Mars will result in upwards movement of water due to evaporation and precipitation. If Mars' embryonic fossilized catchments provide inadequate drainage, Mars' limited supplies of water may be absorbed entirely by crater lakes and glaciers, with negative consequences for the terraforming effort. We demonstrate a stable, convergent algorithm for the efficient modeling of water flow over disordered terrain. This model is applied to Mars Orbital Laser Altimeter data and successfully predicts the formation of fossilized waterways and canyons visible only at much higher resolution. This exploratory study suggests that despite its impossibly rugged appearance, ancient water flows have carved channels that provide effective drainage over the majority of Mars' surface. We also provide one possible reconstruction of a terraformed surface water distribution.
Ligand-assisted nickel-catalysed sp3–sp3 homocoupling of unactivated alkyl bromides and its application to the active template synthesis of rotaxanes (2010)

An efficient, mild and operationally simple Ni-catalysed sp3-carbon-to-sp3-carbon homocoupling of unactivated alkyl bromides has been developed and utilised in the active metal template synthesis of an alkyl chain axle [2]rotaxane. The key to the transformation is the use of tridentate nitrogen-donor-atom (terpy or pybox derived) ligands which inhibit competing β-hydride elimination of alkyl-Ni intermediates.
Scaling in microrobots (2002)

This paper discusses suitable mechanisms and functions of a microrobot from the point of view of scale effects. Several assumptions are made using animal scaling. The results show that suitable mechanisms and functions may be different from those of a conventional robot.
Effects of nanoimprinted patterns in tissue-culture polystyrene on cell behavior (2005)

Tissue engineering seeks to develop functional tissues in a biomimetic environment in vitro. As the extracellular environment in vivo is composed of numerous nanostructures, fabrication of nanostructured substrates will be valuable for tissue engineering applications. In this article, we report a simple nanoimprint lithography (NIL) process to pattern nanostructures directly on tissue-culture polystyrene plates. By repeating this NIL process, three-dimensional scaffolds consisting of multiple-layer nanostructures were also fabricated. Bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were cultured on imprinted gratings ranging from 350 nm to 10 μm. The smooth muscle cells attached and proliferated well on these imprinted substrates without additional surface treatment. Cell elongation and alignment were observed on the micro- and nanopatterns, with the effect significantly more pronounced on the nanostructures.
The assessment and management of venous thromboembolism (2006)

This article examines venous thromboembolism (VTE) and offers guidance on its prevention. VTE is a potentially fatal condition, which can be prevented using both pharmacological and mechanical methods. Nursing staff should be aware of the risk factors that predispose patients to venous thromboembolism and ensure that high-risk patients receive the prophylaxis they require.
Inorganic Fluoride Scintillators (2022)

This chapter explains methods for growing fluoride single crystals, a summary of scintillation properties, and the examples of fluoride scintillators for γ-ray, neutron, and charged particle detection. Melt growth is a crystal growth method in which a single crystal is obtained by supercooling from a liquid phase having the same chemical composition as the grown single crystal. Although the light yields of Ce-doped fluoride scintillators tend to be lower than those of Ce-doped oxide ones, in contrast, the decay times tend to be faster, as the fast Ce-doped fluoride scintillators, BaF 2 :Ce and CeF 3 are well known. As scintillators for β-ray detection, plastic scintillators are inexpensive and can be used for a large size, or CaF 2 :Eu having a low α/β ratio is utilized. Thermal neutrons, that have lower energy than fast neutrons, can easily interact with scintillators; therefore, fast neutrons are often detected using a neutron moderator made of polyethylene containing hydrogen atoms.
Depolarization in liquid-crystal televisions (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. Larry Pezzaniti, Stephen C. McClain, Russell A. Chipman, and Shih-Yau Lu, "Depolarization in liquid-crystal televisions," Opt. Lett. 18, 2071-2073 (1993) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Spatial Gradients in Aerosol Characteristics over the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean (1998)

Aerosol spectral optical depths (τ p λ ) estimated at 10 wavelengths in the visible and near infrared range over oceanic regions covering near and far coastal regions of the Arabian Sea and remote areas of the equatorial Indian Ocean adjoining the Indian peninsula have been used to study the spatial variation of aerosol optical depths over the ocean. Size parameters and concentrations of aerosols along the downwind direction have been derived with a view to studying the effect of the continent on aerosol properties over the ocean. The studies showed a gradual decrease in τ p λ with fetch distance D with an e −l scaling distance in the range of 1700 to 2400 km under calm to moderate wind conditions. The scaling distance increases with increase in wind speed. A significant increase in the relative concentration of small (accumulation size range) particles is seen as the continent is approached from deeper oceanic regions downwind, indicating increased influence of anthropogenic activities. The coarse‐particle concentration appears to be of oceanic origin and remains nearly steady over the entire region when the winds are low to moderate.
Characterization and Analysis of Polyetherimide: Realizing Practical Challenges of Modeling the Extrusion-Based Additive Manufacturing Process (2019)

This research presents the thorough characterization of a representative material used in material extrusion (MatEx) as the basis for developing a physics based thermal transport and viscoelastic model to capture the highly transient multiphysics associated with extrusion and deposition of an amorphous thermoplastic. The ultimate goal is to develop a process model that can identify critical process parameters in MatEx to target synergistic materials and aid in process design and optimization. Toward this goal, the rheology of Ultem 1010 was characterized to provide information regarding the flow behavior at representative process conditions, including interrupted shear measurements to quantify the complete re-entanglement time and understand the nature of the diffusion process during polymer deposition over previous layers. Scanning electron microscopy was used to quantify geometric profiles in a printed single road width wall, providing information about the necessary mesh geometry to represent the complex geometry accurately and further serve to establish the capability for viscoelastic models to capture the complex geometry of the deposited road as a function of thermal history. A three-dimensional, transient heat transfer model based on first principles multiphysics analysis is presented, which qualitatively agrees with temperature measurements conducted with an infrared camera. The complexity identified in performing the finite element analysis establishes the practical challenges associated with computational requirements and highly transient response in a complex, free surface flow and solidification process.
Confocal volume rendering of the thorax (2002)

Confocal volume rendering is a recently described technique to perform segmentation-free rendering. It can be combined with other post-processing techniques to yield images with desirable features such as improved visualization of surface detail and reduced clipping of important anatomy. We show the first application (to our knowledge) of confocal volume rendering to imaging of the thorax. We demonstrate how confocal volume rendering can be used to reveal intrathoracic airways and lung masses.
Msp22 shows heme-dependent peroxidase activity. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The specificity of the heme stain for Msp22 is demonstrated by staining of lysates from the wild type, and gene deletion mutant strains as well as the BBH18 strain transformed with pEMCJH04-KAN-Msp22. Hemoglobin (positive control), BSA (negative control). wt, wild type &lt;i&gt;M. catarrhalis&lt;/i&gt; BBH18; wt c*, wild type &lt;i&gt;M. catarrhalis&lt;/i&gt; BBH18 transformed with pEMCJH04-KAN-Msp22; msp22Δ, msp22 gene deletion mutant; msp22Δ c* msp22 gene deletion mutant transformed with pEMCJH04-KAN-Msp22. The position of Msp22 is marked with an arrow.&lt;/p&gt;
THE DEVELOPMENT, TECHNIQUE, AND EARLY CLINICAL RESULTS OF TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT FOR THE METACARPOPHALANGEAL JOINT OF THE FINGERS (1981)

A metal-on-plastic semi-joined snaplock prosthesis has been developed for the metacarpophalangeal joint of the fingers. The components are cemented in place. Results were satisfactory in 55% of 160 joints replaced with the first design and in 86% of 272 joints replaced with an improved model that had a lower center of rotation. Pain was relieved in 94% of the patients and ulnar deviation was corrected in 87%. The current model is associated with motion that averaged -17° extensions to 63° flexion. Complications included infection in two patients, dislocation in two, and fracture of the component in two. Roentgenographic evidence of loosening of the distal components was seen in 18% of joints that had follow-up of more than one year, but such loosening has not as yet been symptomatic. Factors in cementing technique and prosthesis positioning have been identified which may decrease the rate of roentgenographic loosening.Key Words: Total joint replacement; metacarpophalangeal joints; finger joints; metacarpophalangeal prosthesis; prosthesis for rheumatic diseases; finger prosthesis.
Biomass-derived carbon deposited TiO2 nanotube photocatalysts for enhanced hydrogen production (2023)

In this study, titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs) were deposited on the surface of activated carbon (AC) by varying the wt% of AC. The physicochemical properties of synthesized TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs-AC nanocomposites were analysed by various characterization techniques such as XRD, FT-IR, Raman, DRUV-vis, HR-TEM, XPS, PL, and N<sub>2</sub> physisorption. The FT-IR, EDX, and XPS analyses proved the existence of interaction between AC and TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs. This study found that as the content of AC increases, the surface area and pore volume increase while the energy bandgap decreases. The TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs-AC nanocomposite with 40% AC exhibited a surface area of 291 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>, pore volume of 0.045 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and half pore width = 8.4 Å and had a wide band gap energy (3.15 eV). In addition, the photocatalytic application of the prepared nanocomposites for photocatalytic H<sub>2</sub> production was investigated. The H<sub>2</sub> was produced <i>via</i> photo-reforming in the presence of a sacrificial agent (methanol) under sunlight irradiation. It was found that the prepared TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs-AC nanocomposite with 40% AC acted as an efficient photocatalyst for aqueous-methanol reforming under various optimization conditions. Approximately 18 000 μmol<sup>-1</sup> hydrogen gas was produced <i>via</i> aqueous-methanol reforming under optimized conditions (catalyst dose = 100 mg, temperature = 25 °C, time = 12 hours, vol. of methanol = 20% (v/v), and pH = 7). The reusability of the TiO<sub>2</sub>NTs-AC nanocomposite was also investigated for 5 consecutive cycles, and the results suggested only a slight decline in efficiency even after the fifth cycle. This study demonstrates the ability of an activated carbon deposited TiO<sub>2</sub>NT catalyst to produce hydrogen effectively under sunlight.
A generalization for optimized phase retrieval algorithms (2012)

In this work, we demonstrate an improved method for iterative phase retrieval with application to coherent diffractive imaging. By introducing additional operations inside the support term of existing iterated projection algorithms, we demonstrate improved convergence speed, higher success rate and, in some cases, improved reconstruction quality. New algorithms take a particularly simple form with the introduction of a generalized projection-based reflector. Numerical simulations verify that these new algorithms surpass the current standards without adding complexity to the reconstruction process. Thus the introduction of this new class of algorithms offers a new array of methods for efficiently deconvolving intricate data.
Pareto frontier of energy storage costs-fuel economies for a series HEY using bandwidth based control strategy (2015)

Due to marketability issues of the Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) compared to the conventional vehicle, simultaneously optimizing the energy storage system (ESS) cost-a main contributor to overall cost- and Fuel Economy (FE) of the HEV is necessary. A Pareto Frontier of ESS cost and FE is a valuable design information which offers entire optimum designs, proportional to the customer requirements. The Pareto Frontier result is affected by the methodology of managing power flow between energy components in the power train. Hence, in this manuscript, the Pareto set is achieved using an advanced bandwidth-based control strategy for a Series HEV with limited All-Electric-Mode (AEM).
Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated recombinant Newcastle disease virus vaccine expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike: Interim results of a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 1 trial (2022)

National Vaccine Institute (Thailand), National Research Council (Thailand), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, National Institutes of Health (USA).
Induction of cyclooxygenase-2 expression by allergens in lymphocytes from allergic patients (2005)

Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a key enzyme in prostaglandin (PG) synthesis. Up-regulation of COX-2 expression is responsible for increased PG release during inflammatory conditions and is thought to be also involved in allergic states. In this study, we demonstrate that in human T, B and natural killer lymphocytes from allergic patients, COX-2 expression became induced upon cell challenge with specific allergens and that this process is presumably IgE dependent and occurs after CD23 receptor ligation. This induction took place at both mRNA and protein levels and was accompanied by PGD2 release. IgE-dependent lymphocyte treatment elicited, in parallel, an activation of the MAPK p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, an enhancement of calcineurin (CaN) activity, and an increase of the DNA-binding activity of the nuclear factor of activated T cells and of NF-kappaB, with a concomitant decrease in the levels of the cytosolic inhibitor of kappaB, IkappaB. In addition, specific chemical inhibitors of MAPK, such as PD098059 and SB203580, as well as MG-132, an inhibitor of proteasomal activity, abolished allergen-induced COX-2 up-regulation, suggesting that this process is mediated by MAPK and NF-kappaB. However, induction of COX-2 expression was not hampered by the CaN inhibitor cyclosporin A. We also examined the effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor, NS-398, on cytokine production by human lymphocytes. Treatment with NS-398 severely diminished the IgE-dependently induced production of IL-8 and TNF-alpha. These results underscore the relevant role of lymphocyte COX-2 in allergy and suggest that COX-2 inhibitors may contribute to the improvement of allergic inflammation through the reduction of inflammatory mediator production by human lymphocytes.
Editorial: Radiomics in prostate cancer imaging (2022)

Prostate cancer originates from the cells inside the prostate gland, which begin to grow out of control. About 1 in men are diagnosed with prostate cancer in their life-time. In US, for instance, prostate cancer is the most common cancer in the male population and accounts for 27% percent of all cancers diagnosed in men: in 2022, an estimated 268,490 new cases of prostate cancer will be diagnosed in the US and 34,500 men will die from the disease. Despite the high incidence, prostate cancer death rates declined by about half from the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s due to earlier detection through Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) testing and advances in treatment. However, decline has slowed in recent years, likely reflecting the uptick in distant-stage diagnoses; from 2015 to 2019, the rate decreased by 0.6% per year 1 . This is also demonstrated by the data on the fiveyear survival after diagnosis -on average 92 percent -a percentage among the highest for cancer disease, especially if we take into account the advanced average age of the patients.