gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new PWM method to reduce beat phenomenon in large capacity inverters with low-switching frequency (2002)

In an asynchronous PWM method, the ratio of the carrier frequency to the fundamental frequency must be at least 15-20 in order to suppress the beat phenomenon. However, it is impossible to achieve this condition for large capacity inverters (e.g. GTO inverters), when the fundamental frequency is high. Assuming that the beat phenomenon is caused by an error generated in the PWM process, the authors introduce a compensator to reduce the error. As a result, beat phenomenon can be decreased for a low carrier frequency. Effectiveness of the proposed method is shown by experimental results.
Groundwater flow patterns and subsurface heterogeneity drive critical zone geochemical reactions (2023)

In continental subsurface environments, biogeochemical reactions drive nutrient delivery, deep microbial life and mineral weathering, with crucial importance in the critical zone. Current models often simplify groundwater transport, using the residence time approach or hillslope models. However, increasing observations suggest that the nature, location and efficiency of reactions are strongly affected by groundwater 3D flow patterns, chemical gradients and subsurface heterogeneity. Here, we investigate how hydrological and geological structures control where and when biogeochemical reactions occur in the deep critical zone. For this purpose, our approach integrates long-term and widespread local observations in a catchment-scale framework and is based on data from two critical zone observatories of the French OZCAR national network. The first study took place in Guadeloupe (Obsera), where we integrated geophysical, hydrological and geochemical data in a reactive-hydrogeological model to simulate the 3D structure of groundwater flow paths and weathering. We found that the downstream evolution of the river chemistry is controlled by the pattern of hydrogeological circulations and by the depth of the weathering front. Furthermore, the calibrated 3D model allowed the delimitation of areas where weathering occurs and we showed that active weathering is restricted to catchment-areas where downward groundwater flows are deep. The second study focused on the dynamics of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a fractured aquifer at the Ploemeur catchment (Bretagne, France). Deep and intermittent inputs of DO in groundwater were observed, enabling the reaction of DO with dissolved Fe2+, in turn sustaining the development of deep microbial communities. In this study, we designed a simple model to simulate jointly the depth-distribution of DO and Fe2+ and to investigate the hydrological and geological factors controlling the DO depth-distribution. We found that the reducing capacity of the bedrock and the mean fluid transit time are the main parameters to explain and predict the depth of the oxic-anoxic transition in crystalline environments. In this presentation, we will provide new perspectives to observe and understand the origin of subsurface biogeochemical reactions and we will illustrate key processes that breakdown classical assumptions of reactive groundwater models.
Miniaturized biocompatible microstrip antenna using genetic algorithm (2005)

Biocompatible antennas are an area of recent research that can facilitate remote communication with medical implants. This paper shows several possible designs of a "waffle-type" antenna created using genetic algorithms (GAs) that are of a size potentially suitable for cardiac pacemakers in the 402-405 MHz MICS band. In addition, methods to constrain the simulation and speed up the convergence of the GA for this type of antenna are explored. Even simple constraints such as fixing the feed and ground locations and encouraging the antenna to grow preferentially in the horizontal direction to take advantage of the longer physical dimensions of a pacemaker in that direction can appreciably improve convergence speed. One exception to this was constraining the patches to be connected together rather than distributed randomly, which caused the system to converge slower rather than faster. Also notable was that when a larger physical size was allowed, the system also converged more quickly despite a sizeable increase in the number of unknowns (subpatches) in the model. Thus, this paper provides a smaller, better matched microstrip antenna for biotelemetry and a choice of GA constraints for designing it.
PLASMA ENDOTOXIN, PLASMA AND STOOL PRO AND AND INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES AND STOOL SHIGA TOXIN IN PATIENTS WITH SHIGELLOSIS (1998)

F13 We measured on admission, day 3 and 5, and 3 weeks after discharge plasma concentrations of endotoxin (ETX), granulocyte colony stimulating factor(GCSF), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), interleukin 6 (IL 6), interleukin I-receptor antagonist (IL-I RA), tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TNF-BP): stool concentrations of G-CSF, GM CSF, TNFa, IL-6, IL I RA; and stool Shiga toxin (STX) in 157 patients (pts) with shigellosis and 103 pts with watery diarrhoea. Twenty six (17%) of the shigellosis pts were infected with S. dysenteriae type I (SDI) and developed hemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), 36(23%) pts (33 & 3 pts had SDI and S. flexneri infection respectively) with leukemoid reaction (LR) but did not have HUS, 65 (41 %) pts had SDI infection without HUS or LR, and 30 (19%) pts had Shigella infections other than SDI and did not have HUS or LR. Mean peak ETX concentrations were higher in pts with Shigella infection compared to watery diarrhoea (5.00 vs 0.51 unit/ml; P<0.001), pts with HUS had higher mean peak ETX (9.46 vs 4.02 unit/ml; P=0.078) compared to other pts infected with Shigella without HUS. Similarly mean peak plasma concentration of G-CSF (1.83 vs 0.02 pg/ml), GM-CSF (0.38 vs 0 pg/ml), TNF-a (4.32 vs 0.31 pg/ml), IL 6 (0.08 vs 0 pg/ml), IL I RA (4.50 vs 1.71 pg/ml), TNF-BP (1.48 vs 0 pg/ml) were significantly higher in pts infected with Shigella compared to pts with watery diarrhoea. Pts with HUS had significantly higher mean peak plasma GM-CSF (0.74 vs 0.31 pg/ml). TNF-A (7.07 vs 3.74 pg/ml), IL-6 (0.19 vs 0.05 pg/ml), IL-I RA (7.59 vs 3.75 pg/ml), TNF BP (6.48 vs 0.43 pg/ml) compared to pts infected with Shigella but did not developed HUS. Pts infected with SDI infection without HUS or LR had higher mean peak stool G-CSF (2741.17 vs 1551.73 pg/ml; P=0.048), GM-CSF (99.07 vs 64.55 pg/ml; P=0.303), TNF -a(515.77 vs 284.67 pg/ml; P= 0.1 13), IL-6 (420.08 vs 290.43 pg/ml; P= 0.101), IL-I RA (4146.04 vs 3531.96 pg/ml; P=0.299) compared to other Shigella infected pts. Pts with SDI had more frequent SXT detectable in stool. In summary, the plasma concentrations of endotoxin, "pro" and anti inflammatory cytokines were markedly higher in pts with shigellosis who develop HUS compared to those who did not; and stool concentrations of "pro" and anti-inflammatory cytokines were higher in SDI infected pts who did not have HUS or LR compared to other Shigella infected pts.
Solvent-free vacuum growth of oriented HKUST-1 thin films (2019)

H<sub>3</sub>BTC and Cu are sequentially deposited to form highly oriented HKUST-1 thin films under vacuum without the use of solvents.
Large-scale, nonsubtractive patterning of transparent conducting oxides by ion bombardment (2011)

While significant progress has been achieved in the fabrication and performance of transparent electronic devices, substantially less research effort has been devoted to transparent interconnects, despite their critical importance for transparent integrated circuitry. Here, we exploit the crystal disorder induced by Ar+ ion bombardment to achieve efficient fabrication of electrically conductive patterns on indium oxide surfaces. The resulting ion-induced patterns are characterized by conductive atomic force microscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and four-point charge transport measurements. Massively parallel patterning is demonstrated over square centimeter areas with a patterned electrical conductivity of ∼104 S cm−1.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METAL METHYLENE COMPLEXES. XXIII. CARBENE ADDITION TO A IRON‐IRON DOUBLE BOND. SYNTHESIS OF METHYLENE‐BRIDGED NITROSYL IRON COMPLEXES (1982)

Abstract Der Nitrosyleisenkomplex (III) reagiert mit den Diazoalkanen (IIc) und (IId) unter Carbenaddition zu den dreifach‐verbrückten u‐Methylenkomplexen (IV).
Platform 2012, a many-core computing accelerator for embedded SoCs (2012)

P2012 is an area- and power-efficient many-core computing accelerator based on multiple globally asynchronous, locally synchronous processor clusters. Each cluster features up to 16 processors with independent instruction streams sharing a multi-banked one-cycle access L1 data memory, a multi-channel DMA engine and specialized hardware for synchronization and aggressive power management. P2012 is 3D stacking ready and can be customized to achieve extreme area and energy efficiency by adding domain-specific HW IPs to the cluster. The first P2012 SoC prototype in 28nm CMOS will sample in Q3, featuring four 16-processor clusters, a 1MB L2 memory and delivering 80GOPS (with 32 bit single precision floating point support) in 18mm2 with 2W power consumption (worst-case). P2012 can run standard OpenCL™ and proprietary Native Programming Model SW components to achieve the highest level of control on application-to-resource mapping. A dedicated version of the OpenCV vision library is provided in the P2012 SW Development Kit to enable visual analytics acceleration. This paper will discuss preliminary performance measurements of common feature extraction and tracking algorithms, parallelized on P2012, versus sequential execution on ARM CPUs.
Long-Acting FGF21 Has Enhanced Efficacy in Diet-Induced Obese Mice and in Obese Rhesus Monkeys (2012)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a hormone with short half-life, has consistently shown strong pharmacological efficacy. We first assessed the efficacy of murine recombinant FGF21 in C57BL6 lean mice for 5 wk. We then generated a long-acting FGF21 molecule by fusing a Fc to a variant of human recombinant FGF21 (hrFGF21) that contained two engineered mutations [L98R, P171G; Fc-FGF21(RG)] and tested it in C57BL6 diet-induced obese mice and obese rhesus monkeys. We compared its metabolic properties with those of the hrFGF21. Groups of diet-induced obese mice were treated for 36 d with different doses of hrFGF21 (01, 0.3, and 1 mg/kg twice daily) and with Fc-FGF21(RG) (2.3 mg/kg, every 5 d). Body weight, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were decreased after treatment with either compound. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was also improved. Obese rhesus monkeys were treated with hrFGF21 (once a day) and Fc-FGF21(RG) (once a week) in a dose-escalation fashion. Doses started at 0.1 and 0.3 mg/kg and ended at 3 and 5 mg/kg for hrFGF21 and Fc-FGF21(RG), respectively. Doses were escalated every 2 wk, and animals were followed up for a washout period of 3 wk. Body weight, glucose, insulin, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels and the GTT profile were decreased to a greater extent with Fc-FGF21(RG) than with hrFGF21. The PK-PD relationship of Fc-FGF21(RG) exposure and triglyceride reduction was also conducted with a maximum response model. In conclusion, in more than one species, Fc-FGF21(RG) chronically administered once a week showed similar or greater efficacy than hrFGF21 administered daily.
CCDC 1969089: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2019)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
ChemInform Abstract: TETRAZOLE MIT ANELLIERTEN HETEROCYCLEN, RK. MIT METHYLENKETONEN (1971)

Abstract Bei der Reaktion von Tetrazolo[5,1‐b]benzothiazol (I) mit Benzoylaceton (II) bzw. Acetylaceton (III) erhält man unter Spaltung des Moleküls über die Verbindung (IVa) bzw. (IVb) das Benzothiazol (V) und die Triazole (VIa) bzw. (VIb).
Interleukin-7 is a growth factor of precursor B and T acute lymphoblastic leukemia (1990)

We investigated the proliferation-inducing effects of human recombinant interleukin-7 (IL-7) on acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. It is shown that IL-7 stimulates DNA synthesis in ALL cells of B-cell precursor (n = 5) as well as immature T-cell origin (n = 2). Cytogenetic analysis of the cells of four patients proliferating in IL7-supplemented cultures established the leukemic descendence of the IL-7-responsive cells. 125I-IL-7 binding experiments with the cells of one patient and with two ALL cell lines showed the presence of two types of IL-7 receptors: one with a high affinity (kd 29 to 51 pmol/L) and one with a low affinity (kd 2.3 to 76 nmol/L) for the ligand. We conclude that IL-7 is one of the cytokines involved in the complex regulation of ALL cell proliferation.
Molecular pharmacological differences between carminomycin and its analog, carminomycin-11-methyl ether, and adriamycin. (1980)

Abstract The effects of carminomycin and its 11-methyl ether analog were characterized and compared with those of Adriamycin in several systems both in vivo and in vitro . When comparing maximum effective doses, carminomycin was found to be approximately 10- to 20-fold more potent in vivo than was Adriamycin against mouse L1210 leukemia, and the latter agent was approximately equipotent with carminomycin-11-methyl ether. Similarly, 50% inhibitory concentrations of 0.09, 0.39, and 0.53 µm were obtained for carminomycin, Adriamycin, and carminomycin-11-methyl ether, respectively, using in vitro colony survival studies against Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells. This ranking was not repeated for the other systems tested. The 50% inhibitory concentrations of Adriamycin for whole cellular nucleic acid syntheses were 2- to 3-fold lower than those of carminomycin and over 10- to 15-fold lower than those of carminomycin-11-methyl ether. The apparent binding constants obtained for calf thymus DNA and salmon sperm DNA for Adriamycin were 3.67 × 10 6 and 11.68 × 10 6 m −1 , respectively. Those obtained for carminomycin were 0.26 × 10 6 and 0.15 × 10 6 m −1 , respectively, and no detectable binding was observed for carminomycin-11-methyl ether. These findings were confirmed by analysis of the effects of these anthracyclines on superhelical PM-2 DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis. Increasing concentrations of Adriamycin of up to 200 µm progressively decreased the superhelicity of PM-2 DNA in a manner typical of an intercalative binding agent, and concentrations 2- to 5-fold and 20- to 50-fold higher for carminomycin and its analog, respectively, were required to obtain equivalent results. These results demonstrate that DNA-binding and nucleic acid synthesis-inhibitory effects do not correlate with the antitumor action of carminomycin and its 11-methyl ether analog. This suggests the importance of other subcellular targets, possibly distinct from those of Adriamycin, which may be important in the cytotoxicity of carminomycin and its 11-methyl ether analog.
SatIn: Hardware for Boolean Satisfiability Inference (2023)

This paper describes SatIn, a hardware accelerator for determining boolean satisfiability (SAT) -- an important problem in many domains including verification, security analysis, and planning. SatIn is based on a distributed associative array which performs short, atomic operations that can be composed into high level operations. To overcome scaling limitations imposed by wire delay, we extended the algorithms used in software solvers to function efficiently on a distributed set of nodes communicating with message passing. A cycle-level simulation on real benchmarks shows that SatIn achieves an average 72x speedup against Glucose, the winner of 2016 SAT competition, with the potential to achieve a 113x speedup using two contexts. To quantify SatIn's physical requirements, we placed and routed a single clause using the Synopsys 32nm} educational development kit. We were able to meet a 1ns cycle constraint with our target clause fitting in 4867um^2 and consuming 63.8uW of dynamic power; with a network, this corresponds to 100k clauses consuming 8.3W of dynamic power (not including leakage or global clock power) in a 500mm^2 32nm chip.
Fibrinolysis for Patients with Intermediate-Risk Pulmonary Embolism (2014)

In patients with intermediate-risk pulmonary embolism, fibrinolytic therapy prevented hemodynamic decompensation but increased the risk of major hemorrhage and stroke. (Funded by the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique in France and others; PEITHO EudraCT number, 2006-005328-18; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00639743.).
The Lodge Rubberlike Liquid Behavior for Cheese in Large Amplitude Oscillatory Shear (2001)

Abstract The viscoelasticity of reduced-fat Cheddar and Mozzarella cheeses was characterized in small (parallel disk rheometer, g o = 0.01) and large (sliding plate rheometer, 0.2&lt; g o &lt;7) amplitude oscillatory shear at 40 and 60˚C. We deduced the linear relaxation spectrum from the small strain measurements. At large strain amplitudes, we found sinusoidal stress responses whose amplitudes are well below those predicted from the linear relaxation spectrum, and yet remarkably linear with strain amplitude. We call this the large strain linear regime . We discovered that the Lodge rubberlike liquid can quantitatively explain the large strain linear regime if we scale down the relaxation moduli in the linear spectrum by a constant. This large strain linear regime persists to much higher strain amplitudes for Cheddar (g o £ 4) than for Mozzarella (g o £ 1). This is perhaps due to oriented structure of the protein matrix in the Mozzarella cheese.
Oncogenic ERG Represses PI3K Signaling through Downregulation of IRS2 (2020)

Genomic rearrangements leading to the aberrant expression of ERG are the most common early events in prostate cancer and are significantly enriched for the concomitant loss of PTEN. Genetically engineered mouse models reveal that ERG overexpression alone is not sufficient to induce tumorigenesis, but combined loss of PTEN results in an aggressive invasive phenotype. Here, we show that oncogenic ERG repressed PI3K signaling through direct transcriptional suppression of IRS2, leading to reduced RTK levels and activity. In accordance with this finding, ERG-positive human prostate cancers had a repressed AKT gene signature and transcriptional downregulation of IRS2. Although overexpression of IRS2 activated PI3K signaling, promoting cell migration in a PI3K-dependent manner, this did not fully recapitulate the phenotype seen with loss of PTEN as PI3K signaling is not as robust as observed in the setting of loss of PTEN. Importantly, deletions of the PTEN locus, which promotes active PI3K signaling, were among the most significant copy-number alterations that co-occurred with ERG genomic rearrangements. This work provides insight on how initiating oncogenic events may directly influence the selection of secondary concomitant alterations to promote oncogenic signaling during tumor evolution. SIGNIFICANCE: This work provides insight on how initiating oncogenic events may directly influence the selection of secondary concomitant alterations to promote tumorigenesis.
Erratum for the Research Article: “Activation of the Transcriptional Function of the NF-κB Protein c-Rel by O -GlcNAc Glycosylation” by P. Ramakrishnan, P. M. Clark, D. E. Mason, E. C. Peters, L. C. Hsieh-Wilson, D. Baltimore (2014)

Errors in the legend to Fig. 6E are corrected.
A simple safety circuit for multiple-table radiodiagnostic units (1969)

It is not uncommon for radiodiagnostic installations to have more than one table at which the X-ray tube is energised from a common generator and control unit. This expedient offers useful economy in capital outlay and floor space, especially with some modern installations having sophisticated and correspondingly expensive generators and control units. The existence of a single generator and control unit will ensure compliance with para. 3.3.1(iii) of the Code of Practice (1964) in that not more than one radiological procedure can take place in the X-ray room at the same time. It will of course be essential for the room to be provided with appropriate protective screens for the protection of staff and patient at one table (say table 1) while an exposure is made on the other table (say table 2). However, a serious radiation hazard may arise from the situation where a radiographer, having set up a patient on table 1 goes to the control unit and erroneously selects and energises the tube at table 2 where another radiographer is in the act of setting up another patient.
Gravitational effects on intracranial pressure and blood flow regulation in young men: a potential shunting role for the external carotid artery (2020)

We sought to determine whether gravity-induced changes in intracranial pressure influence cerebral blood flow regulation. Accordingly, nine young healthy men were studied while supine (0°) and during mild changes in hydrostatic pressure induced by head-up tilt at +20° and +10° (HUT+20 and HUT+10) and head-down tilt at -20° and -10° (HDT-20, HDT-10). Blood flows were measured in the internal and external carotid and vertebral arteries (ICA, ECA, and VA). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured as an indicator of hydrostatic changes in intracranial pressure. A posture change from HUT+20 to HDT-20 increased IOP by +5.1 ± 1.9 mmHg (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and ECA blood flow (from 61.7 ± 26.1 to 87.6 ± 46.4 mL/min, <i>P</i> = 0.004) but did not affect ICA (<i>P</i> = 0.528) or VA (<i>P</i> = 0.101) blood flow. The increase in ECA flow correlated with the tilt angle and resultant changes in intracranial pressures (by IOP), thus indicating a passive hydrostatic gravitational dependence (r = 0.371, <i>P</i> = 0.012). On the contrary, ICA flow remained constant and thus well protected against moderate orthostatic stress. When ICA flow was corrected for the gravitational changes in intracranial pressures (by IOP), it demonstrated the same magnitude of gravitational dependence as ECA. These findings suggest that passive hydrostatic increases in intracranial pressure outbalance the concurrent increase in arterial feeding pressure to the brain and thus prevent cerebral hyperperfusion during HDT. The mechanism for maintaining constant cerebral flow was by increased ECA flow, thus supporting the role of these vascular beds as a shunting pathway.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We investigated whether gravity-induced changes in intracranial pressure influence cerebral blood flow regulation in young men. We recorded extra- and intracerebral blood flow during changes in posture, and data indicate that the external carotid artery may serve as an overflow pathway to prevent cerebral hyperperfusion during increases in cerebral arterial blood pressure.