gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amniotic Fluid Derived Stem Cells for Cardiac Muscle Therapies (2008)

Many forms of pediatric and adult heart disease are accompanied by high morbidity and mortality, as the heart muscle has limited regenerative potential. Cell therapy has been proposed as a means to promote the regeneration of injured heart muscle. We have established lines of broad spectrum multipotent stem cells derived from primitive fetal cells present in human amniotic fluid (hAFS) cells (1). AFS cells offer several advantages: They are easy to isolate and grow (no feeder layers needed), are highly expansive including clonal growth and they can differentiate into all germ layers. In the current study, we demonstrate that AFS cells can differentiate into cardiac muscle cells and be used for cardiac tissue regeneration.
CO2 reforming of methane with a Ni-Mo-MgO nanocatalyst (2020)

Metal and metalloid particles are capable of releasing huge amounts of energy by oxidation and can be added to propellants in low concentrations to extract more energy in volume-limited propulsion systems. Nanometer sized metal powders have distinct advantages of fast ignition, more complete combustion and enhanced heat transfer rates. Boron nanoparticles have drawn maximum attention of researchers to be used as energy additives because of their high volumetric and gravimetric heats of combustion. However, there are some roadblocks in harnessing this energetic potential of boron nanoparticles. Due to their high reactivity, native oxide layer is present on their surface which impedes the combustion performance by creating a diffusion barrier for further oxidation of core. Also, boron powders are hydrophilic in nature and to get a stable dispersion in non-polar fuels, boron surface needs to be functionalized with polymer having non-polar properties. We have developed a unique method of reducing oxide layer from the surface of boron nanoparticles using non-thermal hydrogen plasma and creating a passivation barrier using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition to prevent re-oxidation of the surface and to ameliorate dispersion stability. This method is a dry in-situ process which exposes the particles to minimum number of reagents and no post-processing separations are needed. This method converts native boron oxide to boron and hence energetic potential of boron can be enhanced. Passivation barrier provides flexibility of operation according to the chemistry of the jet fuel. High resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in high angle annular dark field (HAADF) imaging and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used to show evidence of surface oxide reduction to boron. This enrichment of boron in the sample leads to increase in the enthalpy of oxidation which is shown by using thermal analysis methods such as differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. STEM-EDS suggests that hydrogen plasma treatment for 120 minutes reduces the oxygen concentration by 93% which leads to the 19% increase in energy density of boron nanoparticles as evident from thermal analysis.
Message from Program Committee Chairs - SVR 2011 (2011)

The Proceedings of the Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR 2011) is the yearly symposium of the Special Interest Group on Virtual and Augmented Reality - CERV of the Brazilian Computer Society - SBC. This is edition XIII of SVR, the most important event on virtual and augmented reality research and development, which takes place in Brazil and is promoted by the Brazilian Computer Society - SBC. The CD Proceedings contains the 30 full papers accepted, out of 68 submitted, with an acceptance ratio of 44%. Also, the best papers of this conference were indicated to be published (as an extended version) in a special edition of the Computers & Graphics Journal, International Journal of Virtual Reality or SBC Journal on 3D Interactive Systems. We also remark that all papers were revised at least by 3 reviewers and that the Program Committee was composed of 81 researchers. The SVR 2011 is composed of technical sessions, tutorials, keynote presentations, and a satellite event (presymposium). The papers and short papers, as well as complementary material from this Symposium have been included within the Proceedings in the SVR 2011 Conference CD-ROM.
GaAs photoconductive closing switches with high dark resistance and microsecond conductivity decay (1989)

Silicon-doped n-type gallium arsenide crystals, compensated with diffused copper, were studied with respect to their application as photoconductive, high-power closing switches. The attractive features of GaAs:Cu switches are their high dark resistivity, their efficient activation with Nd:YAG laser radiation, and their microsecond conductivity decay time constant. In our experiment, electric fields as high as 19 kV/cm were switched, and current densities of up to 10 kA/cm2 were conducted through a closely compensated crystal. At field strengths greater than approximately 10 kV/cm, a voltage ‘‘lock-on’’ effect was observed.
Targeting of Antithrombin in Hemophilia A or B with RNAi Therapy (2017)

Once-monthly subcutaneous administration of fitusiran resulted in dose-dependent lowering of the antithrombin level and increased thrombin generation in participants with hemophilia A or B who did not have inhibitory alloantibodies. (Funded by Alnylam Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02035605 .).
Quantitation of HER2 Expression or HER2:HER2 Dimers and Differential Survival in a Cohort of Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients Carefully Selected for Trastuzumab Treatment Primarily by FISH (2009)

The selection of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer for treatment with trastuzumab is based on the measurement of HER2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry, or the presence of HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). By using multivariate analyses, we investigate the relationship between quantitative measurements of HER2 expression or HER2:HER2 dimers and objective response (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), time to progression, and breast cancer survival after trastuzumab treatment in a cohort of patients with metastatic breast cancer who were primarily selected for treatment by FISH. The VeraTag assay, a proximity-based assay designed to quantitate protein expression and dimerization in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens, was used to measure HER2 protein expression and HER2:HER2 dimer levels. In a Cox proportional hazards analysis, higher HER2 expression or HER2:HER2 dimer levels were both correlated with longer survival (P=0.0058 and P=0.016, respectively) after treatment with trastuzumab in a population of patients that were either FISH-positive (90%) or immunohistochemistry 3+ (10%). Patients with higher levels of HER2 expression or HER2:HER2 dimers seemed to derive little benefit from the addition of concomitant chemotherapy to trastuzumab, whereas those with lower levels benefited significantly [interaction test P=0.43 (HER2 expression), P=0.27 (HER2:HER2 dimers)]. These data suggest that more quantitative or functional measurements of HER2 status may facilitate the development of more personalized treatment strategies for patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Genetic variation at the 8q24.21 renal cancer susceptibility locus affects HIF binding to a MYC enhancer (2016)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is characterized by loss of function of the von Hippel-Lindau tumour suppressor (VHL) and unrestrained activation of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). Genetic and epigenetic determinants have an impact on HIF pathways. A recent genome-wide association study on renal cancer susceptibility identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in an intergenic region located between the oncogenes MYC and PVT1. Here using assays of chromatin conformation, allele-specific chromatin immunoprecipitation and genome editing, we show that HIF binding to this regulatory element is necessary to trans-activate MYC and PVT1 expression specifically in cells of renal tubular origins. Moreover, we demonstrate that the risk-associated polymorphisms increase chromatin accessibility and activity as well as HIF binding to the enhancer. These findings provide further evidence that genetic variation at HIF-binding sites modulates the oncogenic transcriptional output of the VHL-HIF axis and provide a functional explanation for the disease-associated effects of SNPs in ccRCC.
Quasi-simultaneous imaging of multiple shooting angles using Resonant Mirror and lock-in pixel image sensor (2022)

Since the camera has a limited range, it is necessary to use an external device such as a head to move the camera while taking pictures. Although it would be ideal to be able to measure images in any direction of gaze for each frame, this has been difficult due to the response time of the external device. In this study, we propose an imaging method that can select any direction of gaze for each frame based on high-speed scanning of the direction of gaze and exposure timing control, and also propose a principle of parallel random-access vision in the direction of gaze that can measure multiple directions of gaze quasi-simultaneously by realizing this principle with a multi-tap lock-in pixel sensor. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by experiments.
Advanced Magnetics for Power and Energy Development - A Multidisciplinary Consortium between the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, and North Carolina State University (2021)

Emerging societal trends drive the need for advanced magnetic materials and power magnetic components including the electrification of domestic and military transportation; the emergence of solid state transformers as a practical and viable alternative to conventional transformers; increased penetration of renewables and other distributed energy resources which require power electronics converters and novel electric machines for grid integration. A historical gap in research and development funding for advanced power magnetics has created a severe shortfall in the necessary workforce required to support these quickly emerging areas within both nascent and established industries in the electric power sector. Since January 2020, faculty members in the engineering school having been establishing a consortium called Advanced Magnetics for Power and Energy Development (AMPED). The consortium will focus on magnetic materials development, manufacturing techniques, and their utilization in power electronic systems at medium frequency and medium power levels. Other AMPED university partners include North Carolina State University and Carnegie Mellon University. Faculty from the School of Engineering will lead this proposal effort with support from the Katz School of Business and School of Computing and Information Science. Faculty from the Katz School of Business will offer expertise in technology-to-market planning and competitive analysis, and faculty from the School of Computing and Information will aid in the development of novel algorithms for optimizing magnetics and power electronics technology like transformers, inductors, and electric motors given cost, weight, performance and volume constraints. The faculty received $60,000 to establish synergies through facilitated team collaborations, supporting graduate student stipends, and investing into laboratory space at the Energy GRID Institute. The first goal will be to submit concept papers followed by full proposals for attracting federal dollars from the DoE, DoD, or NSF. The second goal will be to attract $100,000 in company investment for AMPED through the membership model.
Pathophysiology of Hypertension (2021)

Dr Irvine Page proposed the Mosaic Theory of Hypertension in the 1940s advocating that hypertension is the result of many factors that interact to raise blood pressure and cause end-organ damage. Over the years, Dr Page modified his paradigm, and new concepts regarding oxidative stress, inflammation, genetics, sodium homeostasis, and the microbiome have arisen that allow further refinements of the Mosaic Theory. A constant feature of this approach to understanding hypertension is that the various nodes are interdependent and that these almost certainly vary between experimental models and between individuals with hypertension. This review discusses these new concepts and provides an introduction to other reviews in this compendium of <i>Circulation Research</i>.
Carbamazepine and Polyethylene Glycol Solid Dispersions: Preparation, in Vitro Dissolution, and Characterization (1997)

The objective of this study was to prepare solid dispersions of carbamazepine (CBZ) using polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 and PEG 6000, measure the dissolution, and characterize using x-ray diffraction, DSC, and IR spectroscopy. Solid dispersions were prepared by either the melt or solvent methods. A comparison of dissolution profiles of the solid dispersions indicated dramatic increases in the rate and extent of CBZ dissolution from solid dispersions. The dissolution of physical mixtures provided evidence of the solubilizing effects of PEGs. Untreated CBZ exhibited 10.09 ± 2.92% dissolution in 10 min (Dl0); whereas, a melt of PEG 6000 and CBZ at a ratio of 6: 1 provided 36.49 ± 1.97% and a melt of PEG 4000 and CBZ at a ratio of 6: 1 gave a D10 of 23.59 ± 1.45%. The rate and extent of dissolution of CBZ were significantly higher when blends of the PEGs were employed to prepare solid dispersion. The melt method provided significantly higher rate and extent of dissolution of CBZ than the solvent method. Also, the rate and extent of dissolution of CBZ were significantly greater when the solid dispersion was cooled at room temperature as opposed to with ice (faster). X-ray diffractometry revealed almost a complete loss of crystallinity of CBZ in solid dispersions. IR spectrometry indicated an increase in amorphocity of the PEGs after melting. IR spectra suggested that no complexation occurred between the PEGs and CBZ. Alterations in the crystallinity of the system were also supported by the DSC thermograms. Decreasing heats of fusion implied decrease in crystallinity, which would be expected to provide greater dissolution rates. Peak melting temperatures obtained from the thermograms ruled out the possibility of the formation of a eutectic mixture. However, the formation of solid solution could also be a possible mechanism for the increase in dissolution.
Load Cell Method for Buckling Analysis of Coil Springs (1987)

圧縮コイルばねの座屈荷重は, コイルばねを力学的に等価な弾性柱に置き換えることによって比較的容易に計算される。 一方, 完全なコイルの中心線は, 柱の分岐座屈と同様に座屈荷重までは真直で, 座屈荷重に達すると突然横方向にたわむと考えられるが, 実際の圧縮コイルばねは, コイル中心線の初期たわみ, 座巻部による荷重の偏心等により, 軸圧縮力の増加とともに横たわみが増す, 不完全柱としての挙動を示す.本論文では, 多分力荷重計によりコイルばねの圧縮荷重と固定モーメントを測定し, これらの関係より, 完全なコイルばねの座屈荷重を推定する方法を示した。 また, 縦横比6-9の圧縮コイルばねについて座屈実験を行ない, 本法により求めた座屈荷重がHaringxによる理論座屈荷重とよく一致することを示した。
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of (+)- and (-)-linalyl pyrophosphate to (+)- and (-)-pinene and (+)- and (-)-camphene. (1988)

Cyclase I from Salvia officinalis leaf catalyzes the conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to the stereo-chemically related bicyclic monoterpenes (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-camphene and to lesser quantities of monocyclic and acyclic olefins, whereas cyclase II from this plant tissue converts the same acyclic precursor to (-)-alpha-pinene, (-)-beta-pinene and (-)-camphene as well as to lesser amounts of monocyclics and acyclics. These antipodal cyclizations are considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to the respective bound tertiary allylic intermediates (-)-(3R)- and (+)-(3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate. [(3R)-8,9-14C,(3RS)-1E-3H]Linalyl pyrophosphate (3H:14C = 5.14) was tested as a substrate with both cyclases to determine the configuration of the cyclizing intermediate. This substrate with cyclase I yielded alpha-pinene and camphene with 3H:14C ratios of 3.1 and 4.2, respectively, indicating preferential, but not exclusive, utilization of the (3R)-enantiomer. With cyclase II, the doubly labeled substrate gave bicyclic olefins with 3H:14C ratios of from 13 to 20, indicating preferential, but not exclusive, utilization of the (3S)-enantiomer in this case. (3R)- and (3S)-[1Z-3H]linalyl pyrophosphate were separately compared to the achiral precursors [1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate and [1-3H]neryl pyrophosphate (cis-isomer) as substrates for the cyclizations. With cyclase I, geranyl, neryl, and (3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate gave rise exclusively to (+)-alpha-pinene and (+)-camphene, whereas (3S)-linayl pyrophosphate produced, at relatively low rates, the (-)-isomers. With cyclase II, geranyl, neryl, and (3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate yielded exclusively the (-)-isomer series, whereas (3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate afforded the (+)-isomers at low rates. These results are entirely consistent with the predicted stereochemistries and additionally revealed the unusual ability of these enzymes to catalyze antipodal cyclizations when presented with the unnatural linalyl enantiomer.
Theoretical study of Si2Hn (n=0–6) and Si2H+n (n=0–7): Appearance potentials, ionization potentials, and enthalpies of formation (1991)

The Gaussian-2 (G2) theoretical procedure, based on ab initio molecular-orbital theory, is used to calculate the energies of Si2Hn (n=0–6) and Si2H+n (n=0–7). The resulting G2 energies are used to calculate appearance potentials and ionization potentials. The results are in general agreement with the recent photoionization studies of Ruscic and Berkowitz [J. Chem. Phys. 95, XXXX (1991); 95, XXXX (1991)], supporting their observation of the species Si2H2, Si2H3, Si2H4, and Si2H5 for the first time. Atomization energies of the neutrals are calculated and used to derive enthalpies of formation. In most cases the results are in good agreement with previous theoretical values. In addition, new results for the structures of Si2H+6, Si2H3, and Si2H+, the enthalpies of formation of the cations, and proton affinities are presented.
Analysis of Transitional Change in Pressure after Quench in Superconducting Generator. (1998)

This paper describes analysis of transitional change in pressure after a quench of field windings in a superconducting generator. We constructed a calculation model by which it is possible to predict transitional changes in pressure after a quench in the helium vessel of a superconducting generator, and performed numerical calculation. To verify the calculation model, the calculated results were compared with tested results derived from the Model Rotor, and we could confirm the accuracy of the calculation model. Applying the calculation model to the 70-MW class superconducting generator, we found that the maximum pressure in the helium vessel of the 70-MW class superconducting generator reached 1.7 MPa at the quench of the maximum field current.
Suppression of O2 evolution from oxide cathode for lithium-ion batteries: VOx-impregnated 0.5Li2MnO3–0.5LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 cathode (2010)

A VO(x)-impregnated oxide cathode for lithium ion batteries exhibits a substantial drop in oxygen evolution during high voltage operation. An electrolyte was found to catalyze the gas evolution, and the VO(x) layer could protect the cathode oxide surface from the electrolyte and stabilize the surface oxide ions during their electrochemical oxidation.
Assessment of Implementing an Undergraduate Integrated Thermal-Fluids Course Sequence on the Results of the Fundamentals of Engineering Exam (FEE) (2016)

Abstract In 2005 the Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering implemented a two course Thermal-Fluids Engineering sequence that replaced the traditional courses in Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics. This change and the case study approach to the new courses was documented in an ASEE conference paper at the time. There were two primary factors that led to this shift. Internally, the department saw an opportunity to gain efficiencies by teaching concepts such as energy and losses that are common across both disciplines in a more integrated manner. This efficiency would then allow Mechanical Engineering majors to explore other topics in more detail. In addition, other engineering departments, who previously took both Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics, expressed a desire to reduce that course requirement to one course while sustaining enough content in both disciplines to pass the Fundamentals of Engineering Exam (FEE). The purpose of this paper is to assess the results of this change in course structure in the ten years that have passed since making this change. The results of FEE pass rates for engineering majors who only take the first in the two thermal-fluids courses will be compared before and after the shift and to national averages to explore if the reduction in overall content affected these students’ ability to pass the FEE. In addition, the subject pass rate for those programs that take both thermal-fluids courses on the Thermodynamics and Fluid Mechanics sections will be examined to determine if changing the way the content was presented, affected their ability to pass those particular subjects.
A CMOS Lock-In Pixel Image Sensor With Multisimultaneous Gate for Time-Resolved Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (2023)

This article proposes a CMOS lock-in pixel image sensor aiming for time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (TR-NIRS). The pixel employs lateral electric field charge modulation (LEFM) with an eight-tap multisimultaneous gate structure and negative substrate bias. The optimization of pixel structure creates a high potential slope with no barrier to facilitate the high-speed photo-generated charge transfer required in the time-resolved application. The sensor employs a two-stage charge transfer architecture with pinned storage diodes (SDs). The effectiveness of the sensor is demonstrated through simulations and experimental measurements. A prototype sensor with 70 (V) <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times110$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (H) effective pixels to characterize the multisimultaneous gate lock-in pixel is implemented in a 0.11- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 1-poly-4-metal CMOS image sensor (CIS) technology. A fast intrinsic response of 240 ps is achieved using an 80-ps pulsewidth 780-nm laser diode by the characterization using two simultaneous gates and a single time window of the lock-in pixel. Performance evaluation using silicon phantoms and further measurement with a rat demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed sensor and setup for TR-NIRS applications.
Evolution and recent development in MMIC's for space application (2002)

A very aggressive policy has been set up in the early 1990s to introduce MMIC in space equipment in ALCATEL Space Industries. The first step was to choose preferred suppliers able to produce high reliability low level or power MMIC's up to Ku band even if the required quantities were not so important. MMIC processes have been formally space qualified following the methodology proposed by French Administration. The second step was to develop MMIC's as "building blocks," families of generic simple circuits were designed (gain block, LNA, MPA, HPA, phase shifter, flatness correctors, multipliers, mixers, oscillators, etc...) mainly in C band and Ku band. This represented more than 100 different MMIC's.