gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monochromatic wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence providing sensitive and selective detection of uranium (2024)

Monochromatic wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (MWDXRF) is a sensitive and selective method for elemental compositional analyses. The basis for this instrumental advance is the doubly curved crystal (DCC) optic. Previous work has demonstrated the feasibility of sensitive trace element detection for yttrium as a surrogate for curium in aqueous solutions. Additional measurements have demonstrated similar sensitivity in several different matrix environments which attests to the selectivity of the DCC optic as well as the capabilities of the MWDXRF concept. The objective of this effort is to develop an improved Pu characterization method for nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. The MWDXRF prototype instrument is the second step in a multi-year effort to achieve an improved Pu assay. This work will describe a prototype MWDXRF instrument designed for uranium detection and characterization. The prototype consists of an X-ray tube with a rhodium anode and a DCC excitation optic incorporated into the source. The DCC optic passes the RhK{alpha} line at 20.214 keV for monochromatic excitation of the sample. The source is capable of 50 W power at 50 kV and 1.0 mA operation. The x-ray emission from the sample is collected by a DCC optic set at the UL{alpha} line of 13.613 keV. The collection optic transmits the UL{alpha} x-rays to the silicon drift detector. The x-ray source, sample, collection optic and detector are all mounted on motion controlled stages for the critical alignment of these components. The sensitivity and selectivity of the instrument is obtained through the monochromatic excitation and the monochromatic detection. The prototype instrument performance has a demonstrated for sensitivity for uranium detection of around 2 ppm at the current state of development. Further improvement in sensitivity is expected with more detailed alignment.
Conceptual design of the network control functions for obs satellite communication system (2005)

The on-board switching (OBS) satellite system technology have started localized development to overcome the limitation of the frequency resource and geostationary orbit existing relay type satellite transponder and the required performance of the spot beam, and looked around the configuration and functions of the multibeam switching satellite communication system. The monitor and control function of the NCS maximizes the operation of the OBS satellite transponder, optimizes the status of the satellite system and satellite communication network by monitoring and control various satellite parameters of the service network using satellite transponder. This paper proposes the conceptual design draft of the network control system
ChemInform Abstract: SOMATOSTATIN ANALOGS, RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF THE DISULFIDE BRIDGE AND OF THE ALA‐GLY SIDE CHAIN FOR BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY (1975)

Abstract Somatostatin (I) wird in der Beeinflussung seiner biologischen Aktivitäten durch Substitution anhand von vier Analoga (Ala3,14)‐Somatostatin, (SMe‐Cys3,14)‐Somatostatin, (N‐Ac‐Cys3)‐Somatostatin und (des‐Alal‐Gly2‐H2)‐Somatostatin, untersucht.
Metrafenone: studies on the mode of action of a novel cereal powdery mildew fungicide (2006)

Powdery mildew fungi are among the major pathogens causing diseases of cereals in the world. The mode of action of a novel systemic benzophenone fungicide, metrafenone, which is based on a precursor that is discussed in the preceding paper, has been analysed on the powdery mildew fungi of barley (Blumeria graminis Speer f. sp. hordei Marchal) and wheat (Blumeria graminis Speer f. sp. tritici Marchal). Preventive treatments reduced germination and blocked development beyond formation of appressoria, which penetrated less often. Moreover, metrafenone turned out to be an efficient curative fungicide, which rapidly affected fungal survival at low concentrations. The fungicide induced swelling, bursting and collapse of hyphal tips, resulting in the release of globules of cytoplasm. Bifurcation of hyphal tips, secondary appressoria and hyperbranching were also frequently observed. A histochemical analysis showed that metrafenone caused disruption of the apical actin cap and apical vesicle transport as well as weakening of the cell wall at hyphal tips. Finally, metrafenone strongly reduced sporulation. Reduced sporulation was associated with malformation of conidiophores that showed irregular septation, multinucleate cells and delocalisation of actin. Microtubules appeared to be only secondarily affected in metrafenone-treated B. graminis. The results suggest that the mode of action of metrafenone interferes with hyphal morphogenesis, polarised hyphal growth and the establishment and maintenance of cell polarity. Metrafenone likely disturbs a pathway regulating organisation of the actin cytoskeleton.
Proposed fiber Bragg gratings integrated optical switches for wavelength cross-connect in WDM networks (2002)

We extend a previous concept and propose a new multiwavelength cross connect (M-XC) configuration for simultaneously multi-wavelength crossconnecting by using fibre Bragg gratings (FBGs), optical circulators (OCs) and several 2/spl times/2 optical switches.
Casimir repulsion between metallic objects in vacuum (2010)

We give an example of a geometry in which two metallic objects in vacuum experience a repulsive Casimir force. The geometry consists of an elongated metal particle centered above a metal plate with a hole. We prove that this geometry has a repulsive regime using a symmetry argument and confirm it with numerical calculations for both perfect and realistic metals. The system does not support stable levitation, as the particle is unstable to displacements away from the symmetry axis.
Effect of Structural Phase Transition on Charge-Carrier Lifetimes and Defects in CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite (2016)

Methylammonium tin triiodide (MASnI3) has been successfully employed in lead-free perovskite solar cells, but overall power-conversion efficiencies are still significantly lower than for lead-based perovskites. Here we present photoluminescence (PL) spectra and time-resolved PL from 8 to 295 K and find a marked improvement in carrier lifetime and a substantial reduction in PL line width below ∼110 K, indicating that the cause of the hindered performance is activated at the orthorhombic to tetragonal phase transition. Our measurements therefore suggest that targeted structural change may be capable of tailoring the relative energy level alignment of defects (e.g., tin vacancies) to reduce the background dopant density and improve charge extraction. In addition, we observe for the first time an above-gap emission feature that may arise from higher-lying interband transitions, raising the prospect of excess energy harvesting.
10 × 112-Gb/s PDM 16-QAM Transmission Over 630 km of Fiber with 6.2-b/s/Hz Spectral Efficiency (2009)

We demonstrate ten-channel WDM transmission of 112-Gb/s 16-QAM (14-gigabaud, polarization-multiplexed) over 630 km of fiber. 16.7-GHz channel spacing yields a spectral efficiency of 6.2 b/s/Hz, fitting 1 Tb/s of information into a 1.2-nm optical bandwidth.
Fabrication and room temperature characterization of trilayer junctions for the development of superconducting qubits on 300 mm wafers (2021)

Abstract We present the development of Nb/Al–AlO x /Nb trilayer stacks and the implementation of a full 300 mm process flow for the fabrication of trilayer-based superconducting qubits. Room temperature electrical characterization of tens of thousands of Josephson junctions showed good agreement between blanket resistance-area (RA) product and RA product of processed wafers. Cross-bridge Kelvin resistor structures with dimensions ranging from 200 nm to 1.2 μ m were tested and exhibited excellent yield and exceptionally low resistance variability down to &lt;1%. This result is expected to translate to reduced qubit device variability and improved predictability of qubit transition frequencies at cryogenic temperatures.
Spin-flip and spin-conserving optical transitions of the nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond (2008)

We map out the first excited state sublevel structure of single nitrogen-vacancy (NV) colour centres in diamond. The excited state is an orbital doublet where one branch supports an efficient cycling transition, while the other can simultaneously support fully allowed optical Raman spin-flip transitions. This is crucial for the success of many recently proposed quantum information applications of the NV defects. We further find that an external electric field can be used to completely control the optical properties of a single centre. Finally, a group theoretical model is developed that explains the observations and provides good physical understanding of the excited state structure.
Optimized MBES antenna and system for high resolution sonar imaging and AUV applications (2012)

In this work we present an optimized multibeam echosounder (MBES) antenna and system design for high resolution sonar imaging. Furthermore the reconstruction concept based and delay-and-sum beamforming is presented. The antenna is based on high frequency and high bandwidth elements (1 MHz / 80 %) which are assembled to a 128-element antenna. The system uses the same antenna for transmitting and receiving acoustic signals. The antenna has a pressure neutral design, so the system can be used in deep sea environment. With the full ocean depth ability the MBES system has a broad range of possible applications. The multibeam echosounder system can be used for high resolution imaging purposes e.g. mapping, inspections of pipelines, ship hulls or harbor installations. In this work we present the design of electronic system and transducer antenna as well as the used reconstruction techniques. Also first acoustic performance measurements, a variety of object measurements and related 3-dimensional reconstructions are presented.
Securing Online Advertising (2008)

Online advertisement is a major source of revenues in the Internet. In this paper, we identify a number of vulnerabilities of current ad serving systems. We describe how an adversary can exploit these vulnerabilities to divert part of the ad revenue stream for its own benefit. We propose a scalable, secure ad serving scheme to fix this problem. We also explain why the deployment of this solution would benefit the Web browsing security in general.
Fabrication of Three Dimensional Silicon Slopes Using Mask with Square Openings (2010)

We propose a fabrication method of three-dimensional silicon slopes using RIE-lag. RIE-lag is a lag of an etching rate depending on square openings area of a mask. We measured relationship between area of square openings and etched depths. We confirmed that etched depths were defined as a function of the square openings. With this relationship, we designed a mask with various sizes of the squares for slope structures. Square openings of various sizes were patterned using EB lithography. Silicon was etched vertically with ICP-RIE (Inductive Coupled Plasma - Reactive Ion Etching). By RIE-lag, trenches with multiple depths depending on the area of the square openings were formed. Silicon surface was smoothed by SF6 isotropic dry etching. As a result, by the combination of ICP-RIE anisotropic etching RIE-lag and SF6 isotropic etching, we fabricated 57° silicon slopes of surface roughness 10 nm in plane and 35 nm in slope surface.
Effects of Photodynamic Therapy on Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacterial Biofilms by Bioluminescence Imaging and Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis (2013)

Objective: The aim of this study was to test photodynamic therapy (PDT) as an alternative approach to biofilm disruption on dental hard tissue, We evaluated the effect of methylene blue and a 660 nm diode laser on the viability and architecture of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial biofilms. Materials and methods: Ten human teeth were inoculated with bioluminescent Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterococcus faecalis to form 3 day biofilms in prepared root canals. Bioluminescence imaging was used to serially quantify and evaluate the bacterial viability, and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) imaging was used to assess architecture and morphology of bacterial biofilm before and after PDT employing methylene blue and 40 mW, 660 nm diode laser light delivered into the root canal via a 300 μm fiber for 240 sec, resulting in a total energy of 9.6 J. The data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. Results: The bacterial reduction showed a dose dependence; as the light energy increased, the bioluminescence decreased in both planktonic suspension and in biofilms. The SEM analysis showed a significant reduction of biofilm on the surface. PDT promoted disruption of the biofilm and the number of adherent bacteria was reduced. Conclusions: The photodynamic effect seems to disrupt the biofilm by acting both on bacterial cells and on the extracellular matrix.
Biocompatibility of Calcined Mesoporous Silica Particles with Cellular Bioenergetics in Murine Tissues (2010)

A novel in vitro system was developed to investigate the effects of two forms of calcined mesoporous silica particles (MCM41-cal and SBA15-cal) on cellular respiration of mouse tissues. O(2) consumption by lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and pancreatic tissues was unaffected by exposure to 200 μg/mL MCM41-cal or SBA15-cal for several hours. Normal tissue histology was confirmed by light microscopy. Intracellular accumulation of the particles in the studied tissues was evident by electron microscopy. The results show reasonable in vitro biocompatibility of the mesoporous silicas with murine tissue bioenergetics.
Mechanical properties of high-temperature superconducting wires (1995)

Bending strength, fracture toughness, and elastic modulus data were acquired for YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x}, Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x}, (Bi,Pb){sub 2}Sr{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x}, and Tl{sub 2}Ba{sub 2}Ca{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub x} bars. These data and thermal expansion coefficients strongly suggest that the maximum tensile strain without fracture possible in bulk tapes or wires is {approx}0.2%. In Ag-clad conductors, residual stresses will be of limited benefit, but fractures produced by larger strains can be accommodated by shunting of current through the Ag.
[Visceral leishmaniasis in patients with AIDS. Description of 2 cases]. (1990)

Cell-mediated immunity plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis and in the recovery mechanisms of visceral leishmaniasis (V.L.). This disease, observed in two patients with AIDS, has peculiar anatomical and clinical characteristics and it is usually characterized by a severe clinical course. In addition, V.L. has been proposed to be included among the relevant infections for the case definition of AIDS. We describe two cases of V.L. occurred in association with AIDS. The most relevant characteristics of our cases are the followings: Diagnosis has been achieved by the identification of Leishmania donovani in the macrophages of the bone marrow in both the patients, and of the lymph node in one patient. The detection of anti-Leishmania antibodies was positive in one patients only. A significant defect of CD4+ cells was documented in both the patients. V.L. was associated in one patient with esophageal candidiasis, disseminated tuberculosis, P. carinii pneumonia; and in the other one with cerebral toxoplasmosis, pulmonary tuberculosis, esophageal candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, CMV hepatitis. Specific chemotherapy has been partially or totally ineffective in both the patients. In fact, chemotherapy led to an apparent transient recovery in one patient, followed by a symptom-free period of more than one year. We think that V.L. has been the first infection occurred in this patients, beside of HIV infection. At the time of the first observation, the clinical conditions of this patient were satisfactory and there was only a slight alteration in cellular immunity. The detection of leishmania in bone marrow was coincident with the onset of fever, the development of a wasting syndrome and a dramatic decrease in cell-mediated immunity. A second cycle of specific treatment has been ineffective and the patient died. On the contrary, the second patient did not respond to the specific treatment and died. Two important anatomo-pathological characteristics were present in our cases: a) the presence of the parasite in several organs, namely bone marrow, spleen, liver. b) the absence of granulomatous lesions which indirectly indicates the defect in cell mediated immunity.
Eye position and the 2D pattern of retinal correspondence (2004)

When we view a distant scene, all objects project onto geometrically corresponding retinal points. When the eyes are in a converged position, geometrically corresponding points can in general not be stimulated from a single location in space. However, for each retinal position in one eye, there is a spatial location that projects closest to the geometrically corresponding point in the other eye. These spatial locations define the surface that comes closest to projecting to geometrically corresponding points for this converged eye position. It is well known that empirically corresponding points do not coincide with geometrically corresponding points along the eyes′ horizontal and vertical meridians. It is possible that pattern of empirical corresponding points across the retinas is optimized for fusion of a particular surface shape or eye position. To test this hypothesis, we measured the 2D distribution of empirically corresponding points over the central 8 deg of the visual field. Observers fixated a large pattern of radial lines with a central Nonius stimulus in order to maintain accurate binocular fixation. Observers adjusted the horizontal and vertical positions of flashed dichoptic targets until perceived target movement was nulled. Settings were performed along 16 radii (0–337.5°) and at 3 eccentricities (1–8°). Corresponding retinal points for all observers are offset along the horizontal meridian in a pattern consistent with the Hering-Hillebrandt deviation, and along the vertical meridian in the previously referenced horizontal shear pattern. The overall distribution does not appear to be optimal for any particular surface or eye position. Intuitively we would expect the pattern of retinal correspondence to be shaped to the demands of near vision. The absence of such an adaptation might be attributed to having a fusional range large enough to compensate for correspondence offsets due to eye-position changes. NIH EY 0-8882, NIH EY 0-6266, Emmy-Noether-Programm of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, AFOSR F49620-98
CMOS compatible MEMS pyroelectric infrared detectors: from AlN to ScAlN (2021)

We present the optical and electrical properties of AlN-based and 12% doped ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors fabricated on 8-inch wafers respectively. Both AlN and ScAlN materials are deposited at a temperature of ~200<sup>o</sup>C, making them potential candidates for CMOS compatible MEMS pyroelectric detectors. FTIR spectroscopy is used to measure the absorption of these pyroelectric detectors over the wavelength range of ~2–14 μm and the results show absorption improvement up to ~75% for ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors compared to that of AlN-based pyroelectric detectors at the wavelength of 4.26 μm where CO<sub>2</sub> gas absorption of IR radiation is anticipated. Higher output current (~3-fold increase) is also observed from ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors. Other than pyroelectric coefficient that contributes to improved performance for ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors, we believe that absorptivity of the device also plays a major role in the performance of pyroelectric IR detectors. The results obtained from the study of the electrical and optical properties of AlN-based and ScAlN-based CMOS compatible MEMS pyroelectric detectors will bring forth potential applications of these detectors onto multi-functional integrable and monolithic platforms.
Rank-Based Radiometric Calibration (2018)

Raw images are more useful than JPEG images for machine vision algorithms and professional photographers because raw images preserve a linear relation between pixel values and the light measured from the scene. A camera is radiometrically calibrated if there is a computational model which can predict how the raw image is mapped to the corresponding rendered image (e.g.,&#xA0;JPEGs) and vice versa. Our method makes use of the observation that the rank order of pixel values is mostly preserved post-color correction. We show that this observation is the key for getting a compact and robust radiometric calibration model. Since our method requires fewer variables, it can be solved for using less calibration data. An additional advantage is that we can derive the camera pipeline from a single pair of raw&#x2010;JPEG images. Experiments demonstrate that our method delivers state-of-the-art results (especially for the most interesting conversion from JPEG to raw).
A Digital PLL-Based Phase Modulator With Non-Uniform Clock Compensation and Non-linearity Predistortion (2023)

In this article, we present a low-power digital phase-locked loop (PLL)-based phase modulator targeting low error vector magnitude (EVM). We introduce a new non-uniform clock compensation (NUCC) scheme to tackle an EVM degradation resulting from the beneficial use of a time-varying sampling clock that is re-timed to the phase-modulated carrier. We also employ a phase-domain digital predistortion (DPD) to combat the intrinsic non-linearity of an LC-type digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), thus avoiding the complications of frequency-dependent calibrations. The prototype, implemented in 40-nm CMOS, modulates the carrier in the range of 2.7–3.9 GHz from a 40-MHz reference. The measured EVM is <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 47 dB for a 60-Mb/s 64-PSK modulation under the case that the phase-modulated output is frequency-divided by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K=8$</tex-math> </inline-formula> , i.e., when the DCO exhibits the most significant non-linearity due to the large fractional FM bandwidth. When <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K=8$</tex-math> </inline-formula> or 4, the measured EVM remains below <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$-$</tex-math> </inline-formula> 43 dB across the carrier-frequency tuning range and without re-calibrating the DCO non-linearity.
Reclassification of Serpulina intermedia and Serpulina murdochii in the genus Brachyspira as Brachyspira intermedia comb. nov. and Brachyspira murdochii comb. nov. (2006)

A reassessment was undertaken of published characteristics of the five species of anaerobic intestinal spirochaetes in the genus Brachyspira (Brachyspira aalborgi, Brachyspira alvinipulli, Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, Brachyspira innocens and Brachyspira pilosicoli) and the two species in the genus Serpulina (Serpulina intermedia and Serpulina murdochii). Comparisons were made of published descriptions, including phenotypic properties, grouping by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, DNA base composition, DNA-DNA relative reassociation values and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. On the basis of extensive similarities between all the species, it is proposed to reclassify Serpulina intermedia Stanton et al. 1997 and Serpulina murdochii Stanton et al. 1997 in the genus Brachyspira, as Brachyspira intermedia comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 51140T) and Brachyspira murdochii comb. nov. (type strain ATCC 51284T).