gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of neutral endopeptidase 24.11 in AV fistular rat model of heart failure (1996)

Objective: The aortovenocaval fistular (AVF) rat represents a model of heart failure caused by increased cardiac volume overload and reduced renal function. Both circulating vasoconstrictors like the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and vasodilators like atrial and brain natriuretic peptides (ANP and BNP) are activated in this animal model of heart failure. In addition, neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP) in plasma and urine is elevated in AVF rats. In the present investigation we examined the renal and hormonal effects of the NEP inhibitor, ecadotril, in acute and chronic studies in rats with an aortovenocaval fistula (AVF). Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (350–430 g) were prepared by introducing a shunt between abdominal aorta and the vena cava. Results: Acute administration of the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, ecadotril (30 mg/kg p.o.), significantly improved the reduced renal excretion of sodium in AVF rats (83 ± 10 to 145 ± 14 μmol/kg/h, P < 0.01) but had no significant effect in sham-operated rats. However, neutral endopeptidase activity in urine was significantly decreased after ecadotril in both groups. Plasma ANP was increased after ecadotril only in AVF rats (275 ± 83 to 748 ± 187 pg/ml, P < 0.05), whereas the increase in plasma BNP was not statistically significant. After 4 weeks of observation the ANP and BNP plasma levels, renin activity (PRA), angiotensin I, and neutral endopeptidase activity were significantly higher in AVF rats than in sham-operated rats. Four weeks on ecadotril (30 mg/kg p.o., b.i.d.) increased plasma ANP (245 ± 48 as opposed to 450 ± 77 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and decreased PRA (11.3 ± 1.5 as opposed to 6.8 ± 1.2 ng/ml/h, P < 0.005) in AVF rats. Plasma NEP activity was inhibited in both groups. Ventricle weight was significantly higher in AVF rats than in sham-operated controls, and ecadotril treatment over 4 weeks decreased ventricular hypertrophy to a slight extent. Conclusion: These results indicate that in the AVF rat model of heart failure the neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, ecadotril, improves the reduced kidney function in AVF rats by raising natriuretic peptides in plasma and probably in urine. NEP inhibition with ecadotril could therefore offer useful therapeutic possibilities in the treatment of heart failure.
Guidelines for checking performance and verifying accuracy of rotational rheometers: viscosity measurements in steady and oscillatory shear (IUPAC Technical Report) (2014)

Abstract The paper addresses techniques for checking the performance of rotational rheometers with cone–plate, plate–plate, or concentric cylinder geometry. We focus on the determination of the viscosity as a function of the shear rate and of the magnitude of the complex viscosity as a function of the angular frequency. After summarizing the relevant definitions and test modes, we show examples of measurements in the linear viscoelastic range, and applications of the Cox–Merz relationship. Sources of reference fluids with defined viscosities are presented, and their use in tests for verification of accuracy is demonstrated. Relevant issues, predominantly for Newtonian reference liquids, are the exploration of measurement limits, related either to the shear rate range or to reliably accessible viscosity levels. Viscoelastic reference samples are also discussed. Prerequisites for sample preparation and loading are addressed. In particular, we present recommendations based on experience from various laboratories. Finally, we discuss the problem of temperature calibration, presenting techniques that allow the determination of the true sample temperature for a given set temperature of the rheometer. This paper summarizes contributions from various industrial and academic laboratories.
Manufacturing Road Map for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Technologies (2015)

The Regenerative Medicine Foundation Annual Conference held on May 6 and 7, 2014, had a vision of assisting with translating tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM)-based technologies closer to the clinic. This vision was achieved by assembling leaders in the field to cover critical areas. Some of these critical areas included regulatory pathways for regenerative medicine therapies, strategic partnerships, coordination of resources, developing standards for the field, government support, priorities for industry, biobanking, and new technologies. The final day of this conference featured focused sessions on manufacturing, during which expert speakers were invited from industry, government, and academia. The speakers identified and accessed roadblocks plaguing the field where improvements in advanced manufacturing offered many solutions. The manufacturing sessions included (a) product development toward commercialization in regenerative medicine, (b) process challenges to scale up manufacturing in regenerative medicine, and (c) infrastructure needs for manufacturing in regenerative medicine. Subsequent to this, industry was invited to participate in a survey to further elucidate the challenges to translation and scale-up. This perspective article will cover the lessons learned from these manufacturing sessions and early results from the survey. We also outline a road map for developing the manufacturing infrastructure, resources, standards, capabilities, education, training, and workforce development to realize the promise of TERM.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid in situ Neutralization Protocols for Boc and Fmoc Solid‐Phase Chemistry (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling the Impact of Alternative Hosts on <I>Helicoverpa zea</I> Adaptation to Bollgard Cotton (2006)

For highly polyphagous cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., pests such as Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), a substantial portion of the larval population develops on noncotton alternative hosts. These noncotton hosts potentially provide a natural refuge for H. zea, thereby slowing the evolution of resistance to the Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt)-derived Cry1Ac protein present in Bollgard cotton. Here, we demonstrate how the measured contribution of such alternative hosts can be included in estimating the "effective refuge" present for H. zea and in modeling resistance evolution in this species. A single-gene, two-compartment model was used in which one compartment represented corn, Zea mays L., and cotton that express the Cry1Ac protein or similar proteins, and the other compartment was the effective refuge, made up of a weighted average of non-Bt cotton and noncotton hosts. The effective refuge was estimated for each of six generations of H. zea based upon available data on larval population densities on different hosts and cropping patterns. Model runs were performed for regions centered on three states: Georgia, Mississippi, and North Carolina. Three sets of fitness cost assumptions for the putative resistance gene were used: none, low, and moderate, with either recessive or additive inheritance for resistance and fitness costs. For Georgia and North Carolina, resistance was predicted to take >30 yr to evolve except in the absence of fitness costs. For Mississippi, results were sensitive to fitness costs: >30 yr with moderate costs, 7-14 yr with low costs, and 6-10 yr without such costs.
High Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Polynesians of Western Samoa (1995)

Diabetic retinopathy and albuminuria are common in Polynesian Western Samoans. Duration of diabetes and level of glycemia were the most important associated factors. These data underline the need for cost-effective programs for the detection and early treatment of diabetes in Western Samoa and other developing populations with high susceptibility to NIDDM.
Undulations of lamellar liquid crystals in cells with finite surface anchoring near and well above the threshold (2006)

We study the undulations instability, also known as the Helfrich-Hurault or layers buckling effect, in a cholesteric liquid crystal confined between two parallel plates and caused by an electric field applied along the normal to layers. The cholesteric pitch is much smaller than the cell thickness but sufficiently large for optical study. The three-dimensional patterns of the undulating layers in the bulk and at the surfaces of the cells are determined by fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy. We demonstrate that the finite surface anchoring at the bounding plates plays a crucial role in the system behavior both near and well above the undulations threshold. The displacement of the layers immediately above the undulation threshold is much larger than the value expected from the theories that assume an infinitely strong surface anchoring. We describe the experimentally observed features by taking into account the finite surface anchoring at the bounding plates and using Lubensky-de Gennes coarse-grained elastic theory of cholesteric liquid crystals. Fitting the data allows us to determine the polar anchoring coefficient Wp and shows that Wp varies strongly with the type of substrates. As the applied field increases well above the threshold value Ec, the layers profile changes from sinusoidal to the sawtooth one. The periodicity of distortions increases through propagation of edge dislocations in the square lattice of the undulations pattern. At E approximately 1.9Ec a phenomenon is observed: the two-dimensional square lattice of undulations transforms into the one-dimensional periodic stripes. The stripes are formed by two sublattices of defect walls of parabolic shape. The main reason for the structure is again the finite surface anchoring, as the superposition of parabolic walls allows the layers to combine a significant tilt in the bulk of the cell with practically unperturbed orientation of layers near the bounding plates.
Korean Red Ginseng aqueous extract improves markers of mucociliary clearance by stimulating chloride secretion (2019)

RGAE augments ASL depth and CBF by stimulating Cl<sup>-</sup> secretion through CaCC, which suggests therapeutic potential in both CF and non-CF chronic rhinosinusitis.
Enhancement of Platelet Recovery After Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy by Recombinant Human Megakaryocyte Growth and Development Factor in Patients With Advanced Cancer (2000)

PEG-rHuMGDF abrogated severe thrombocytopenia after dose-intensive chemotherapy. However, it had only a modest effect on progenitor cell levels and did not enhance progenitor cell mobilization after chemotherapy and filgrastim.
On the construction of persistent programming environments (1988)

This thesis presents research into the construction of persistent programming systems. Much of the thesis is concerned with the design and implementation of persistent programming languages, in particular PS-algol and Napier. Both languages support machine independent vector and raster graphics data types. Napier provides an environment mechanism that enables the incremental construction and binding of programs. Napier has a powerful type system featuring parametric polymorphism and abstract data types. The machine supporting Napier, the Persistent Abstract Machine, is investigated. The machine supports an efficient implementation of parametric polymorphism and abstract data types. The Persistent Abstract Machine has a layered architecture in which permits experimentation into language implementation and store design. The construction of compilers in a persistent environment is explored. A flexible compiler architecture is developed. With it, a family of compilers may be constructed at relatively little cost. One such compiler is the callable compiler; this is a first class data object in the persistent environment. The uses of such a compiler are explored, in particular in the construction of an object browser. The persistent object browser introduces a new software architecture that permits adaptive programs to be constructed incrementally. This is achieved by writing, compiling and linking new procedures into an executing program. The architecture has been successfully applied to the construction of adaptive databases and bootstrap compilers.
Molecular cloning of the breakpoint for 3q27 translocation in B-cell lymphomas and leukemias (1994)

Reciprocal exchanges between chromosomal region 3q27 and three loci of the Ig genes have been reported in cases of B-cell type non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We have cloned a region containing a breakpoint junction of 3q27 from a cell line established from a patient with Burkitt's lymphoma carrying t(3;22)(q27;q11). The region cloned was shown to contain an Ig lambda light chain gene fused to a gene on chromosome 3q27. This finding was subsequently confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Extra nucleotides were present at the joining site. The heptamer-like and nonamer-like sequences separated by an intervening 24 bp were present in the region corresponding to the breakpoint of 3q27, suggesting that a misrecombination in Ig gene rearrangement may be involved in the translocation. Southern blot analysis with a 3q27- specific probe showed rearrangements in three additional patients with B-cell malignancies with the t(3;14)(q27;q32). The breakpoints of all four cases clustered within a limited 3-kb region on chromosome 3q27. The region of 3q27 involved in the translocation was designated as the BCL5 locus. The transcripts from the BCL5 locus were detected in normal tissues and hematopoietic cell lines, and the increased expression of transcript of aberrant size was detected in the established cell line carrying t(3;22). These observations suggest that a gene located at 3q27 is involved in the translocation and that its deregulation plays a role in the malignant transformation of B cells.
A Study on the Vibration Characteristics of Thin Plate with Crack under Tension using ESPI (2001)

This paper presents the vibration characteristics of a rectangular plate with oblique crack subjected to a uniaxial tension. The experiment is adopted by the time-average Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry(ESPI) method. The natural frequency and mode shape are considered accurately according to the increase of tensile load. When tensile load is zero, the vibration modes we agreed with the smooth and the obliquely cracked plate. But according to the increasement of load it is shown that vibration modes are extremely varied. The effects of the crack under the vibration are discussed in detail. It is indicated that the increase of load makes the variation of the frequencies and modes complicate in the range of even a small load. The results are agreed with the FEM analysis within 5%.
Photo‐Masks and Reticles: Failure Mechanisms (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Table of Photo-masks Failure Mechanisms Photo-mask Failure Mechanisms Photo-mask Inspection Tools Photo-mask ESD Characterization Electrical Breakdown versus Gap Spacing Electrical Breakdown in Air: The Townsend Model Electrical Breakdown in Air: Toepler's Spark Law Air Breakdown: The Paschen Breakdown Model Paschen Curve versus Reticle Breakdown Plot Electrical Model of Photo-mask Breakdown ESD Latent Damage ESD Damage for Single versus Multiple Events ESD Damage to Anti-reflective Coating ESD Solutions in Photo-masks Closing Comments and Summary Problems References
Identification of Novel Graded Polarity Actin Filament Bundles in Locomoting Heart Fibroblasts: Implications for the Generation of Motile Force (1997)

We have determined the structural organization and dynamic behavior of actin filaments in entire primary locomoting heart fibroblasts by S1 decoration, serial section EM, and photoactivation of fluorescence. As expected, actin filaments in the lamellipodium of these cells have uniform polarity with barbed ends facing forward. In the lamella, cell body, and tail there are two observable types of actin filament organization. A less abundant type is located on the inner surface of the plasma membrane and is composed of short, overlapping actin bundles (0.25-2.5 microm) that repeatedly alternate in polarity from uniform barbed ends forward to uniform pointed ends forward. This type of organization is similar to the organization we show for actin filament bundles (stress fibers) in nonlocomoting cells (PtK2 cells) and to the known organization of muscle sarcomeres. The more abundant type of actin filament organization in locomoting heart fibroblasts is mostly ventrally located and is composed of long, overlapping bundles (average 13 microm, but can reach up to about 30 microm) which span the length of the cell. This more abundant type has a novel graded polarity organization. In each actin bundle, polarity gradually changes along the length of the bundle. Actual actin filament polarity at any given point in the bundle is determined by position in the cell; the closer to the front of the cell the more barbed ends of actin filaments face forward. By photoactivation marking in locomoting heart fibroblasts, as expected in the lamellipodium, actin filaments flow rearward with respect to substrate. In the lamella, all marked and observed actin filaments remain stationary with respect to substrate as the fibroblast locomotes. In the cell body of locomoting fibroblasts there are two dynamic populations of actin filaments: one remains stationary and the other moves forward with respect to substrate at the rate of the cell body. This is the first time that the structural organization and dynamics of actin filaments have been determined in an entire locomoting cell. The organization, dynamics, and relative abundance of graded polarity actin filament bundles have important implications for the generation of motile force during primary heart fibroblast locomotion.
Cervical Disc Arthroplasty with Prestige LP Disc Versus Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Seven-Year Outcomes (2016)

Prestige LP maintained significantly improved clinical outcomes and segmental motion; statistical superiority of CDA was concluded for overall success. This investigational device exemption study was sponsored by Medtronic Spinal and Biologics, Memphis, TN. Study approved by the Hughston Sports Medicine Center Institutional Review Board on January 7, 2005. Clinical trial registered at clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00667459. All participants signed an informed consent.
Stratified Sampling of Neighborhood Sections for Population Estimation: A Case Study of Bo City, Sierra Leone (2015)

There is a need for better estimators of population size in places that have undergone rapid growth and where collection of census data is difficult. We explored simulated estimates of urban population based on survey data from Bo, Sierra Leone, using two approaches: (1) stratified sampling from across 20 neighborhoods and (2) stratified single-stage cluster sampling of only four randomly-sampled neighborhoods. The stratification variables evaluated were (a) occupants per individual residence, (b) occupants per neighborhood, and (c) residential structures per neighborhood. For method (1), stratification variable (a) yielded the most accurate re-estimate of the current total population. Stratification variable (c), which can be estimated from aerial photography and zoning type verification, and variable (b), which could be ascertained by surveying a limited number of households, increased the accuracy of method (2). Small household-level surveys with appropriate sampling methods can yield reasonably accurate estimations of urban populations.
Use of colour Doppler imaging in ocular blood flow research (2011)

The main objective of this report is to encourage consistent quality of testing and reporting within and between centres that use colour Doppler imaging (CDI) for assessment of retrobulbar blood flow. The intention of this review is to standardize methods in CDI assessment that are used widely, but not to exclude other approaches or additional tests that individual laboratories may choose or continue to use.
A methodology for vulnerability assessment of backup protection under cascading failures (2010)

To avoid undesired operation of backup protection caused by load encroachment under cascading failures, the methodology for vulnerability assessment of backup protection is studied. In this paper, the vulnerability assessment of backup protections is formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming problem, which is solved by the binary particle swarm optimization approach. The measurement index for assessing the vulnerability of backup protection is given as well. The simulation results on New England 39-bus system demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively assess the vulnerability of backup protection under cascading failures.
Organorheniumhalogenide: Synthesen, Strukturen und Reaktivität gegenüber Alkinen / Organorhenium Halogenides: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity upon Treatment with Alkynes (1988)

The organorhenium(V) complexes (η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )ReX 4 (2a, X = Cl; 2b, X = Br; Me = CH 3 ) undergo stepwise dehalogenation upon treatment with various reducing agents, e.g. with HgCl 2 -activated aluminium powder, forming the isolable Re IV and Re III dimers [η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )ReCl 3 ] 2 (3a) and [η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )ReX 2 ] 2 (4a, X = Cl;4b, X = Br), respectively. The weak metal-metal single bond of 3a (307.4(0) pm; X-ray diffraction study) is disrupted upon reaction with alkynes yielding the Re III derivatives (η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )ReCl 2 (η 2 -R 1 CCR 2 ) (9a-e; R 1 , R 2 : alkyl, aryl) and novel rhenium(V)- allylidenyl complexes of type (η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )ReCl 2 [η 1 :η 3- R 1 CC(Cl)CHR 3 ] (10a-d; R 1 : alkyl. aryl; R 3 : H, alkyl). Reduction of 2a (Al/HgCl 2 ) in the presence of alkynes gives a complex reaction mixture of 9a-c, 10a - c and bis(π-alkyne) complexes [(η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )ReCl(η 2 -R 1 CCR 2 ) 2 ] + [AlCl 4 ]-(11a-c) (X-ray diffraction study of the related derivative [(η 5 -C 5 Me 5 )ReBr(η 2 -MeCCMe) 2 ] + [SbF 6 ] - ).
The compositional organization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis granulomas is analogous to ectopic lymphoid organs (40.2) (2010)

Abstract Secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs) are integral in generating an effective adaptive immune response. Homing of cells to SLOs is a result of homeostatic chemokines, such as CXCL13. CXCL13, the ligand for CXCR5, is responsible for the recruitment of germinal center cells including B cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Recently, CXCL13 has been reported in the lungs of mice following infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We found CXCL13 to be localized within the granuloma in both mice and human lungs as early as day 22 post infection in mice. In addition, we found Tfh cells, B cells, and FDCs localized within the granuloma of mice and humans. Recruitment of Tfh cells was seen in the draining lymph nodes by day 15 with accumulation in the lung by day 21 in Mtb infected mice. Infiltration of Tfh cells in the lung coincided with an increase in mRNA for known Tfh factors such as ICOS, BCL-6, IL-6 and IL-21, which followed upregulation of CXCL13 at day 18. Interestingly, another CXCR5+ population infiltrated the lung prior to accumulation of Tfh cells. These cells accumulate at day 12 and express surface markers suggestive of a monocyte lineage. Further, CXCR5-/- mice are more susceptible to Mtb infection by day 21. Our data suggest that the Mtb granuloma may function as an ectopic lymphoid organ, which may require involvement of CXCR5+ cells to elicit protective immunity.