gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of 123I‐vascular endothelial growth factor–binding sites expressed on human tumour cells: Possible implication for tumour scintigraphy (2001)

To explore the possibility of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor scintigraphy of primary tumours and their metastases, we analysed the binding properties of 123I-labelled VEGF165 (123I-VEGF165) and 123I-VEGF121 to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), several human tumour cell lines (HMC-1, A431, KU812, U937, HEP-1, HEP-G2, HEP-3B and Raji), a variety of primary human tumours (n = 40) and some adjacent non-neoplastic tissues as well as normal human peripheral blood cells in vitro. Two classes of high-affinity 123I-VEGF165-binding site were found on the cell surface of HUVECs. In contrast, one class of high-affinity binding sites for 123I-VEGF165 was found on HMC-1, A431, HEP-1, HEP-G2, HEP-3B and U937 cells as well as many primary tumours. For 123I-VEGF121, a single class of high-affinity binding site was found on certain cell lines (HUVEC, HEP-1 and HMC-1) and distinct primary tumours (primary melanomas, ductal breast cancers and ovarian carcinomas as well as meningiomas). Tumour cells expressed significantly higher numbers of VEGF receptors compared with normal peripheral blood cells and adjacent non-neoplastic tissues. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the VEGF receptor Flk-1 is expressed to a much higher extent within malignant tissues compared with neighbouring non-neoplastic cells. We observed significantly greater specific binding of 123I-VEGF165 and 123I-VEGF121 to a variety of human tumour cells/tissues compared with the corresponding normal tissues or normal peripheral blood cells. In comparison with 123I-VEGF121, 123I-VEGF165 bound to a higher number of different tumour cell types with a higher capacity. Thus, 123I-VEGF165 may be a potentially useful tracer for in vivo imaging of solid tumours. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High mobility group box-1 protein – one step closer to the clinic? (2008)

High mobility group box (HMGB)1, originally described as a nuclear protein that binds to and modifies DNA, is now regarded as a central mediator of inflammation by acting as a cytokine. HMGB1 is postulated to be particularly important as a late acting mediator of lethal septicaemia in mice. Furthermore, it has been suggested that HMGB1 plays a role in clinical conditions such as autoimmunity, acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disease and cancer. HMGB1 has emerged as a candidate for therapeutic intervention in various disease conditions. However, further basic and clinical studies are warranted to confirm the roles played by HMGB1 in clinical medicine.
Cell-Permeable MR Contrast Agents with Increased Intracellular Retention (2008)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a technique used in both clinical and experimental settings to produce high-resolution images of opaque organisms without ionizing radiation. Currently, MR imaging is augmented by contrast agents, and the vast majority these small molecule Gd(III) chelates are confined to the extracellular regions. As a result, contrast agents are confined to vascular regions reducing their ability to provide information about cell physiology or molecular pathology. We have shown that polypeptides of arginine have the capacity to transport Gd(III) contrast agents across cell membranes. However, this transport is not unidirectional, and once inside the cell, the arginine-modified contrast agents efflux rapidly, decreasing the intracellular Gd(III) concentration and corresponding MR image intensity. By exploiting the inherent disulfide reducing environment of cells, thiol compounds, Gd(III)-DOTA-SS-Arg 8 and Gd(III)-DTPA-SS-Arg 8, are cleaved from their cell-penetrating peptide transduction domains upon cell internalization. This reaction prolongs the cell-associated lifetime of the chelated Gd(III) by cleaving it from the cell transduction domain.
Unique electrochemically synthesized polypyrrole:poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) blends for biomedical applications (2010)

A novel semiconducting biomaterial composed of salt leached poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and chloride-doped polypyrrole (PPy-Cl) was created using a simple, yet flexible, synthesis technique. The three-step method consists of (1) spin casting a solution of PLGA-salt, (2) salt leaching combined with pyrrole infusion, and (3) electrochemical synthesis of PPy-Cl. This technique resulted in unique micron- and nano-scale surface morphology that can be modulated by altering the synthesis conditions and endows the films with electrical properties beneficial for microelectrode applications. Specifically, for all conditions that created a subsequent PPy:PLGA film, advantageous electrical properties were quantified by a decrease in impedance and good conductance, as compared to negative controls. This decrease in impedance measured up to 87 percent <i>versus</i> plain PPy films. Since the biocompatibility of both PPy and PLGA is well known, the PPy:PLGA blends may have several biomedical engineering applications, where good conductance and low impedance are desired. Also, the films generated can be easily removed from their conducting substrate for tissue engineering applications or can remain on their conducting substrates for neural probe applications that would benefit from the unique surface morphology of these hybrid films.
Gaussian Vector Channels (2011)

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PbBr-Based Layered Perovskite Containing Chromophore-Linked Ammonium Molecule as an Organic Layer (1997)

Abstract Oriented thin films of new organic-inorganic layered perovskites having a quantum-well structure combined with PbBr-based semiconductor layer and a chromophore-linked ammonium molecule layer were formed in a self-organizing manner by a simple spin-coating from the solutions of stoichiometric amounts of lead bromide PbBr2 and an ammonium bromide linked with a chromophore such as naphthalene and azobenzene.
Invasive Hemodynamic Assessment and Classification of In-Hospital Mortality Risk Among Patients With Cardiogenic Shock (2020)

Our findings support an association between the proposed SCAI staging system and in-hospital mortality among patient with heart failure and MI. We further identify that venous congestion is common and identifies patients with CS at high risk for in-hospital mortality. These findings provide may inform future management protocols and clinical studies.
Prostanoid EP1receptors mediate up‐regulation of the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 by cAMP‐independent activation of protein kinase A, CREB and NF‐κB (2011)

PGE(2) stimulation of the human EP(1) receptor up-regulates the expression of Nurr1 by a mechanism involving the sequential activation of the Rho, PKA, CREB and NF-κB signalling pathways. EP(1) receptors are implicated in tumorigenesis and the up-regulation of Nurr1 may underlie the anti-apoptotic effects of PGE(2) .
A design strategy for 8 kV/contact 15 kV/air gap IEC 61000-4-2 robustness without on board suppressors (2012)

We present an IC design strategy capable of achieving 8 kV contact/15 kV air gap ESD robustness in-system according to the IEC 61000-4-2 standard without the need of additional suppressors on board. This result has been achieved with a LVTSCR, developed via wafer level TLP/HBM/HMM testing and verified insystem using gun testing.
Implications of the miR-10 family in chemotherapy response of NPM1-mutated AML (2014)

Nucleophosmin-mutated acute myeloid leukemia (NPM1mut-AML) patients have a high rate of complete remission (CR) to induction chemotherapy. However, the mechanisms responsible for such effects are unknown. Because miR-10 family members are expressed at high levels in NPM1mut-AML, we evaluated whether these microRNAs could predict chemotherapy response in AML. We found that high baseline miR-10 family expression in 54 untreated cytogenetically heterogeneous AML patients was associated with achieving CR. However, when we included NPM1 mutation status in the multivariable model, there was a significant interaction effect between miR-10a-5p expression and NPM1 mutation status. Similar results were observed when using a second cohort of 183 cytogenetically normal older (age ≥ 60 years) AML patients. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments using miR-10a-5p in cell lines and primary blasts did not demonstrate any effect in apoptosis or cell proliferation at baseline or after chemotherapy. These data support a bystander role for the miR-10 family in NPM1mut-AML.
Formation of an Alkylperoxoiron(III) Complex during Oxidations Catalyzed by μ‐Oxodiiron(III) Complexes (1995)

UV/Vis, resonance Raman, and EPR spectroscopy served in characterizing the alkylperoxoiron(III) complex 2, an intermediate in the oxidation of alcohols R'OH with alkyl hydroperoxides ROOH catalyzed by μ-oxo complex 1. The results discussed may provide insight for studies of monooxygenases.
Programed Death is Favored by Natural Selection in Spatial Systems (2015)

Standard evolutionary theories of aging and mortality, implicitly based on mean-field assumptions, hold that programed mortality is untenable, as it opposes direct individual benefit. We show that in spatial models with local reproduction, programed deaths instead robustly result in long-term benefit to a lineage, by reducing local environmental resource depletion via spatiotemporal patterns causing feedback over many generations. Results are robust to model variations, implying that direct selection for shorter life span may be quite widespread in nature.
Lowest common ancestor interconnection networks (1992)

Lowest Common Ancestor (LCA) networks are built using switches capable of connecting u + d inputs/outputs in a permutation pattern. For n source nodes and I stages of switches, n/d switches are used in stage l - n/d - u/d in stage l - 2, and in general , n-u^l-i-l/d^l-i switches in stage i. The resulting hierarchical structure possesses interesting connectivity and permutational properties. A full characterization of LCA networks is presented together with a permutation routing algorithm for a family of LCA networks. The algorithm uses the network itself to collect and disseminate information about the permutation. A schedule of O(dp log_d/u n) passes is obtained with a switch set-up cost factor of O(log_d/u n) (p is the minimum number of passes that an algorithm with global knowledge schedules).
Amelioration of TNBS-induced colon inflammation in rats by phospholipase A2inhibitor (2003)

The pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves the production of diverse lipid mediators, namely eicosanoids, lysophospholipids, and platelet-activating factor, in which phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is the key enzyme. Accordingly, it has been postulated that control of lipid mediator production by inhibition of PLA2 would be useful for the treatment of IBD. This hypothesis was tested in the present study by examining the therapeutic effect of a novel extracellular PLA2 inhibitor (ExPLI), composed of carboxymethylcellulose-linked phosphatidylethanolamine (CMPE), on trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis. Intraperitoneal administration of CMPE suppressed the colitis as measured by mortality rate, intestinal permeability, plasma PLA2 activity, intestinal myeloperoxidase activity, and histological morphometry. Current therapeutic approaches for inflammatory conditions focus on the selective control of a lipid mediator(s) (e.g., prostaglandins or leukotrienes). The present study supports the concept that inclusive control of lipid mediator production by PLA2 inhibition is a plausible approach to the treatment of colitis and introduces the ExPLIs as a prototype of a novel NSAID for the treatment of intestinal inflammation.
The Medicago truncatula GRAS protein RAD1 supports arbuscular mycorrhiza symbiosis and Phytophthora palmivora susceptibility (2017)

The roots of most land plants are colonized by symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi. To facilitate this symbiosis, plant genomes encode a set of genes required for microbial perception and accommodation. However, the extent to which infection by filamentous root pathogens also relies on some of these genes remains an open question. Here, we used genome-wide association mapping to identify genes contributing to colonization of Medicago truncatula roots by the pathogenic oomycete Phytophthora palmivora. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers most significantly associated with plant colonization response were identified upstream of RAD1, which encodes a GRAS transcription regulator first negatively implicated in root nodule symbiosis and recently identified as a positive regulator of AM symbiosis. RAD1 transcript levels are up-regulated both in response to AM fungus and, to a lower extent, in infected tissues by P. palmivora where its expression is restricted to root cortex cells proximal to pathogen hyphae. Reverse genetics showed that reduction of RAD1 transcript levels as well as a rad1 mutant are impaired in their full colonization by AM fungi as well as by P. palmivora. Thus, the importance of RAD1 extends beyond symbiotic interactions, suggesting a general involvement in M. truncatula microbe-induced root development and interactions with unrelated beneficial and detrimental filamentous microbes.
Nonlinear Optical Characterization of Organic Materials (1991)

Abstract We report a sensitive single beam technique for measuring both the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient for a wide variety of materials. We describe the experiment and present a brief analysis including cases where nonlinear refraction is accompanied by nonlinear absorption. In these experiments the transmittance of a sample is measured through a finite aperture in the far-field as the sample is moved along the propagation path (z) of a focused Gaussian beam. The sign and magnitude of the nonlinear refraction are easily deduced from such a transmittance curve (Z-scan). Employing this technique a sensitivity of better than A/300 wavefront distortion has been achieved using picosecond frequency doubled N&YAG laser pulses. In cases where nonlinear refraction is accompanied by nonlinear absorption, it is possible to separately evaluate the nonlinear refraction as well as the nonlinear absorption by performing a second Z-scan with the aperture removed. We demonstrate this method for a solution of chloro-aluminum-phthalocyanine at 532 nm where excited state absorption is present and the nonlinear refraction is positive.
A Defined Window for Efficient Gene Marking of Severe Combined Immunodeficient-Repopulating Cells Using a Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus-Pseudotyped Retroviral Vector (2000)

We have investigated the minimal time required for efficient transduction of human hematopoietic repopulating cells using a surrogate nonobese diabetic (NOD)/severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) xenoengraftment assay. Cord blood CD34+ cells were transduced to high levels over 24-48 hr in the presence of Flt-3 ligand, stem cell factor, interleukin 3, and interleukin 6. Under these conditions, high levels of NOD/SCID repopulating activity were preserved, but the levels of gene marking in engrafting cell populations measured by expression of a reporter transgene were low. Extension of the transduction period by 24 hr (total culture period, 72 hr) under the same cytokine conditions resulted in high levels of gene marking, but on closer analysis expression was limited predominantly to the myeloid population. Efficient transduction of both lymphoid and myeloid lineages could be achieved only if the transduction protocol was extended by a further 24 hr (total culture period, 96 hr), suggesting that myeloid lineage-committed precursors are capable of repopulation, and that over shorter time periods transduction is largely restricted to this population. This adds to the emerging evidence of heterogeneity within the SRC compartment, and has important implications for the interpretation of this assay in stem cell transplantation and gene transfer studies.
Toward a platform to support vocational training of people with disabilities (2015)

Vocational training can bring significant benefits for people with disabilities (PwD), particularly in terms of self-esteem and autonomy. Nevertheless, only a small fraction of Brazilians with disabilities actually work, due to lack of job qualifications. In this paper, we report on the early progress of an ongoing research agenda that investigates new educational and social engagement technologies to facilitate the qualification and inclusion of PwD in the Brazilian labor market. Based on our experiences working with multiple disability populations in a series of exploratory studies, we discuss relevant aspects to be considered in the design and implementation of a vocational training platform targeted at PwD.
Precipitation in a 2xxx series Al-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (2021)

The processing of conventional alloys by laser-based additive manufacturing can be challenging, particularly for alloys prone to hot cracking. However, additive manufacturing offers the possibility to produce novel alloys with improved properties, which cannot be achieved by other processing methods. Although several studies have demonstrated the positive influence of Zr addition on crack prevention of Al alloys tailored to additive manufacturing, its influence on the formation of strengthening precipitates in 2xxx alloys, remains largely unexplored. This work investigates the microstructure of a Zr-modified 2xxx AlCuMgZr alloy fabricated by laser powder bed fusion, with a particular emphasis on the precipitation of phases induced by the post-processing heat treatment, and their effects on mechanical properties. The Zr addition successfully allows the consolidation of crack-free, dense material (>99.5%). The microstructure is characterized by fine, equiaxed grains (0.5–3 μm) which result from Al3Zr-induced grain nucleation, with the grain boundary covered in eutectic S-Al2CuMg. After optimized three-step heat treatment, nm-sized L12-Al3Zr as well as S-Al2CuMg rods strengthen the alloy, and lead to microhardness, young's modulus and yield strength of ∼1410 MPa, ∼82 GPa and ∼340 MPa, respectively. The results provide a basis for the understanding and further development of 2xxx alloys tailored to additive manufacturing.
Binding Optimization through Coordination Chemistry: CXCR4 Chemokine Receptor Antagonists from Ultrarigid Metal Complexes (2009)

A new copper(II) containing bis-macrocyclic CXCR4 chemokine receptor antagonist is shown to have improved binding properties to the receptor protein in comparison to the drug AMD3100 (Plerixafor, Mozobil). The interaction of the metallodrug has been optimized by using ultrarigid chelator units that offer an equatorial site for coordination to the amino acid side chains of the protein. Binding competition assays with anti-CXCR4 antibodies show that the new compound stays bound longer and it has improved anti-HIV potency in vitro (EC(50) = 4.3 nM). X-ray structural studies using acetate as a model for carboxylate amino acid side chains indicate the nature of the coordination interaction.
Glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase 6-phosphogluconolactonase: characterization of the Plasmodium vivax enzyme and inhibitor studies (2019)

The characterization of PvG6PD makes this enzyme accessible to further drug discovery activities. In contrast to naturally occurring G6PD variants in the human host that can alter the kinetic properties of the enzyme and thus the redox homeostasis of the cells, the naturally occurring PfGluPho variants studied here are unlikely to have a major impact on the parasites' redox homeostasis. Several classes of inhibitors have been successfully tested and are presently being followed up.
Comparing Acceptance Sampling Standards, Part 2 (2013)

ABSTRACT In Part 1 of this two-part series, common attribute sampling standards were discussed and compared. Attribute sampling standards date back to the 1930s and the original work of Harold F. Dodge and others at Bell Labs. Today's attribute standards (ANSI/ASQ Z1.4, ASTM E2234, ISO 2859) find their common heritage in the older Military Standard 105 series. In this article, the discussion will shift to the development of variables sampling standards which find their linkage to a military standard as well—Military Standard 414. Like MIL-STD-105, MIL-STD-414 has derivative standards as well which are in use today. This article will serve to discuss and compare these derivative standards in the manner in which attributes standards were covered in Part 1. Once again we find that sampling schemes are not restricted to attributes. They may be composed of variables plans as well. Thus, it was that Military Standard 414 (MIL-STD-414) was issued on June 11, 1957. It has since become a classic companion standard to MIL-STD-105 and has been used throughout the world. The protection afforded by this standard is roughly matched to MIL-STD-105A. However, modifications in the tables incorporated in the MIL-STD-105D version upset the match somewhat. Commander Gascoigne of the British Navy showed how to restore the balance and his simple method has been incorporated into civilian sampling systems. The MIL-STD-414 sampling system will be discussed in depth here as an example of a classic variables system, and its relation to other systems, including MIL-STD-105E, will be indicated.
Adversarial queueing theory (1996)

We introduce a new approach to the study of dynamic (or continuous) packet routing, where packets are being continuously injected into a network. Our objective is to study what happens to packet routing under continuous injection as a function of network load, for various queueing policies. Our approach is based on the adversarial generation of packets, so that the results are more robust in that they do not hinge upon particular probabilistic assumptions. In suggesting a new approach to studying a classical phenomenon, it is important to give careful consideration to all the relevant previous work in packet routing, queueing theory and probabilistic analysis. We give a more detailed account of previous work in Appendix A, to permit comparison with our work. Here we summarize the salient features of prior work in order to motivate our model. Most prior work on packet routing has been in the static model in which there is a fixed initial set of packet routing requests; when these packets are delivered, the problem is considered solved and the analysis stops there. Static packet routing is a basic problem in the context of parallel computation models, but for the setting of communications networks it is essential to study the case of continuous injection of packets. While it is possible to try modelling such continuous problems statically, by delaying the entry of packets using synchronization barriers, a much more natural approach is to analyze standard (local–control) routing algorithms in this fully dynamic setting. Nearly all previous work in this regard has used probabilistic models for the generation (and sometimes, delivery) of packets. Such work can broadly be classified into: ∗Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada M5S 1A4. Part of this work was performed while visiting the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. †Laboratory for Computer Science, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139. Supported by an ONR Graduate Fellowship. Part of this work was performed while visiting the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center. ‡IBM Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, CA 95120. §IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598. 1. Queueing-theoretic approaches, where packets are generated by a Poisson injection process; frequently, each packet is assumed to have a random destination. A common assumption in queueing theory is that the time for a packet to pass through a server (i.e., an edge) is exponentially distributed whereas for packet routing this time is a constant. This apparently slight difference poses a world of subtle difficulties in adapting queueing theory to continuous packet routing.