gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically conductive sensors for liquids based on quaternary ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/copolyamide/maleated‐EVA/polyaniline blends (2006)

Abstract Electrically conductive blends, containing two immiscible polymers (ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, EVA‐19, and copolyamide 6/6.9, CoPA), polyaniline (PANI), and maleated EVA compatibilizer were studied as sensing materials for a homologous series of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, and 1‐propanol). Recent results have shown that the corresponding uncompatiblized blends exhibited a preferred localization of PANI in the CoPA phase, leading to a cocontinuous morphology (i.e., both the CoPA phase and the PANI component located in it are continuous). The concept of the compatibilizer addition was to improve compatibility between the EVA‐19 and the CoPA, modifying the morphology of the PANI‐containing blend and altering its sensing properties. Extruded EVA‐19/CoPA/maleated‐EVA/PANI filaments produced by a capillary rheometer process at various shear rate levels were used for the sensing experiments. The filaments displayed high sensitivity levels upon exposure to the various alcohols as well as improved sensing stability and reproducibility at low compatibilizer contents. The sensing properties vary with compatibilizer concentration and are of inferior quality beyond a certain content. The sensing behavior of the compatibilized filaments is compared to the previously reported results for the corresponding uncompatibilized filaments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 110–117, 2006
<title>New organic and polymeric materials for thin-film luminescent devices</title> (1998)

The high luminescence efficiencies and significant blue shift of the 2,3-disubstituted poly(1,4-phenylene vinylene) polymer 4 have prompted further investigation, and in this paper the synthesis and characteristics of the homopolymer 9 and copolymers 10 and 12 are described. Semiempirical calculations and single x-ray crystallography offer further insight into the explanation of the properties of this class of polymers. A promising organic semiconductor 15 has been prepared and used as the active layer in a thin film transistor. This material exhibited excellent device characteristics, including a field effect mobility of 0.02- 0.05 cm<SUP>2</SUP> V<SUP>-1</SUP>s<SUP>-1</SUP> and a high On/Off ratio.
Multipoint Thermal Sensors Associated with Improved Oncologic Outcomes Following Cryoablation (2017)

In this small renal mass pilot study, the use of MTS needles to monitor temperature and guide cryoneedle deployment was associated with improved oncologic outcomes.
Applying the mu-calculus in planning and reasoning about action (1998)

Planning algorithms have traditionally been geared towards achievement goals in single-agent environments. Such algorithms essentially produce plans to reach one of a specified set of states. More general approaches for planning based on temporal logic (TL) are emerging. Current approaches tend to use linear TL, and can handle sets of sequences of states. However, they assume deterministic actions with all changes effected solely by one agent. By contrast, we use a branching model of time that can express concurrent actions by multiple agents and the environment, leading to nondeterministic effects of an agent's actions. For this reason, we view plans not as sequences of actions, but as decision graphs describing the agent's actions in different situations. Thus, although we consider single-agent decision graphs, our approach is better suited to multiagent systems. We also consider an expressive formalism, which allows a wider variety of goals, including achievement and maintenance goals. Achievement corresponds to traditional planning, but maintenance is more powerful than traditional maintenance goals, and may require nonterminating plans. To formalize decision graphs requires a means to ‘alternate’ the agent's and the environment's choices. From logics of program, we introduce the prepositional mu-calculus;, which has operators for least and greatest fixpoints. We give a semantics, a fixpoint characterization, and an algorithm to compute decision graphs.
Fingerprint SRS Imaging Unveils Ergosteryl Ester as a Metabolic Signature of Azole-Resistant Candida albicans (2022)

Abstract Candida albicans ( C. albicans ), a major fungal pathogen, causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Fluconazole (FLC) is recommended as first-line therapy for treatment of invasive fungal infections. Yet, the widespread use of FLC has resulted in increased antifungal resistance among different strains of Candida , especially C. albicans , which is a leading source of hospital-acquired infections. Here, by hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering (hSRS) imaging of single fungal cells in the fingerprint window and pixel-wise spectral unmixing, we report aberrant ergosteryl ester accumulation in azole-resistant C. albicans compared to azole-susceptible species. This accumulation was a consequence of de novo lipogenesis. Lipid profiling by mass spectroscopy identified ergosterol oleate to be the major species stored in azole-resistant C. albicans . Blocking ergosterol esterification by oleate and suppressing sterol synthesis by FLC synergistically suppressed the viability of C. albicans in vitro and limited the growth of biofilm on mouse skin in vivo . Our findings highlight a metabolic marker and a new therapeutic strategy for targeting azole-resistant C. albicans by interrupting the esterified ergosterol biosynthetic pathway. Significance Statement Invasive fungal infections and increasing antifungal resistance are emerging threats to public health with high morbidity and mortality. Despite the advances in azole resistance mechanisms, it remains unclear why some fungal species are intrinsically resistant to or easily acquire resistance to multiple antifungal drugs. Here, using fingerprint SRS microscopy, we uncovered a molecular signature, aberrant ergosteryl ester accumulation, linked to the azole resistance of Candida species. An antifungal treatment strategy combining oleate (inhibitor of ersgosteryl esterification) and azole significantly attenuates the azole resistance and the viability of C. albicans in vitro and in vivo . Our work opens a new way to detect and treat azole-resistant fungal infections by targeting ergosterol metabolism.
HYDROGEN SENSITIVE GAS DETECTOR USING SILVER ADDED TIN(IV) OXIDE (1982)

Abstract A semiconductor gas sensor using silver added tin dioxide was found to exhibit high sensitivity to H2 compared with that to C3H8, CH4, or CO at RT ∼250°C. The promoting effects of Ag for the H2 detection was very sensitive to its loading, an optimum loading being ca. 1.5 wt%.
Synthesis and Anti-HIV Evaluation of 3′-Triazolo Nucleosides (2011)

A series of hitherto unknown 3'-α-[1,2,3]-substituted triazolo-2',3'-dideoxypyrimidine nucleoside analogues of the anti-HIV 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) were synthesized through catalyzed alkyne-azide 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition (Huisgen reaction). Those 3'-[1,2,3]-triazolo analogues bearing an azido alkyl chain were evaluated for their anti-HIV activity against HIV-1 in primary human lymphocytes as well as for their cytotoxicity in different cells. None of them inhibit HIV replication (EC(50) > 20 μM); two of them were converted to their triphosphate form to evaluate their HIV-RT inhibition.
Ion beam characterization of advanced metallization for ULSI applications (2001)

The self-encapsulation kinetics of Ag/Al and Ag/Ti bilayers were studied as part of the effort to introduce Ag as an alternative metallization scheme for future ultra large-scale integrated (ULSI) technologies. The amount of segregated Al was monitored by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), which included the use of nitrogen and oxygen elastic resonance reactions. Ion beam analysis was used to show both the transport of Al and Ti through the Ag layer, as well as the formation of Al oxynitride and TiN surface layers. These techniques were used to confirm the self-passivating characteristics of AlxOyNz diffusion barriers formed by Ag/Al and Ag/Ti bilayers annealed between 400–725 °C.
Measurement of the full stress tensor in a crystal using photoluminescence from point defects: The example of nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond (2013)

We introduce a method for measuring the full stress tensor in a crystal utilising the properties of individual point defects. By measuring the perturbation to the electronic states of three point defects with C3v symmetry in a cubic crystal, sufficient information is obtained to construct all six independent components of the symmetric stress tensor. We demonstrate the method using photoluminescence from nitrogen-vacancy colour centers in diamond. The method breaks the inverse relationship between spatial resolution and sensitivity that is inherent to existing bulk strain measurement techniques, and thus, offers a route to nanoscale strain mapping in diamond and other materials in which individual point defects can be interrogated.
A High Mobility Field-Effect Transistor as an Antenna for sub-THz Radiation (2010)

The experiments on radiation coupling to field effect transistors working as terahertz radiation detectors are reported. Two types of high electron mobility transistors: InGaAs/InAlAs and GaAs/AlGaAs, with different layout geometries are studied. We show that terahertz radiation coupling efficiency is related to the layout of contact electrodes—that play a role of an antenna. Our results show that the antenna coupling efficiency is one of the most important parameter to optimize in future field effect transistor based terahertz detectors.
Progress of indirect drive inertial confinement fusion in the United States (2019)

Abstract Indirect drive converts high power laser light into x-rays using small high- Z cavities called hohlraums. X-rays generated at the hohlraum walls drive a capsule filled with deuterium–tritium (DT) fuel to fusion conditions. Recent experiments have produced fusion yields exceeding 50 kJ where alpha heating provides ~3× increase in yield over PdV work. Closing the gaps toward ignition is challenging, requiring optimization of the target/implosions and the laser to extract maximum energy. The US program has a three-pronged approach to maximize target performance, each closing some portion of the gap. The first item is optimizing the hohlraum to couple more energy to the capsule while maintaining symmetry control. Novel hohlraum designs are being pursued that enable a larger capsule to be driven symmetrically to both reduce 3D effects and increase energy coupled to the capsule. The second issue being addressed is capsule stability. Seeding of instabilities by the hardware used to mount the capsule and fill it with DT fuel remains a concern. Work reducing the impact of the DT fill tubes and novel capsule mounts is being pursed to reduce the effect of mix on the capsule implosions. There is also growing evidence native capsule seeds such as a micro-structure may be playing a role on limiting capsule performance and dedicated experiments are being developed to better understand the phenomenon. The last area of emphasis is the laser. As technology progresses and understanding of laser damage/mitigation advances, increasing the laser energy seems possible. This would increase the amount of energy available to couple to the capsule, and allow larger capsules, potentially increasing the hot spot pressure and confinement time. The combination of each of these focus areas has the potential to produce conditions to initiate thermo-nuclear ignition.
Adaptive SmartNIC Offloading for Unleashing the Performance of Protocol-Oblivious Forwarding (2022)

The growth of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the convergence of heterogeneous networking systems powered by various protocols, and consequently the emergence of protocol-independent packet processing based on programmable data plane (PDP) for IoT. In this work, we study how to leverage the hardware acceleration enabled by offloading flow tables to SmartNIC to improve the performance of software PDP switches based on protocol-oblivious forwarding (POF). We design our SmartNIC offloading system (namely, OVS-POF-TC) based on the Linux kernel traffic classification (TC) system and open vSwitch (OVS), extend OVS to enable the installation of POF-based flow tables (POF-FTs) in a SmartNIC, and design a selective offloading mechanism for purposely offloading heavy-load POF-FTs. Our experimental results indicate that OVS-POF-TC offloads and updates POF-FTs timely, supports runtime programmability, and has improved packet processing throughput by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1.52\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.82\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> , when applying POF-FTs with SetField and AddField to packets, respectively. Moreover, to ensure that OVS-POF-TC can offload and replace POF-FTs adaptively, we formulate two mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models to, respectively, solve the problems of flow placement and flow replacement, and also design time-efficient heuristics for them.
Temporal and spatial-resolved nonlinear spectroscopy of InGaN/GaN (2004)

We developed the novel techniques of temporal and spatial-resolved nonlinear spectroscopy based on the transient grating, transient lens spectroscopy and near-field scanning optical microscopy. These techniques are powerful tool to characterize and understand the carrier dynamics and optical properties of InGaN/GaN-based light emitting materials.
Probing the Physicochemical Behavior of Variously Doped Li4Ti5O12Nanoflowers (2022)

This study thoroughly investigated the synthesis of not only 4 triply-doped metal oxides but also 5 singly-doped analogues of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> for electrochemical applications. In terms of synthetic novelty, the triply-doped materials were fabricated using a relatively facile hydrothermal method for the first-time, involving the simultaneous substitution of Ca for the Li site, Ln (i.e., Dy, Y, or Gd) for the Ti site, and Cl for the O site. Based on XRD, SEM, and HRTEM-EDS measurements, the resulting materials, incorporating a relatively homogeneous and uniform dispersion of both the single and triple dopants, exhibited a micron-scale flower-like morphology that remained apparently undamaged by the doping process. Crucially, the surface chemistry of all of the samples was probed using XPS in order to analyze any nuanced changes associated with either the various different lanthanide dopants or the identity of the metal precursor types involved. In the latter case, it was observed that the use of a nitrate salt precursor versus that of a chloride salt enabled not only a higher lanthanide incorporation but also the potential for favorable N-doping, all of which promoted a concomitant increase in conductivity due to a perceptible increase in Ti<sup>3+</sup> content. In terms of the choice of lanthanide system, it was observed via CV analysis that dopant incorporation generally (albeit with some notable exceptions, especially with Y-based materials) led to the formation of higher amounts of Ti<sup>3+</sup> species within both the singly and triply-doped materials, which consequentially led to the potential for increased diffusivity and higher mobility of Li<sup>+</sup> species with the possibility for enabling greater capacity within these classes of metal oxides.
Targeted Molecular Imaging (2014)

M.J. Welch and W.C. Eckelman, Eds. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2012, 370 pages, $179.95 Intended for an audience of clinicians, translational research scientists, molecular biologists, imaging scientists, pharmaceutical developers, physicists, fellows, and staffs, this book covers advances in
A comparison of the electrochemical stabilities of metal, polymer and graphite coated nanospray emitters (2003)

Chronoamperometry (CA) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were used to compare the electrochemical behavior of metal, polymer and graphite coated nanospray emitters. It is shown that electrochemical reactions occurring at the emitter surface limit the lifetime of the noble metal coated nanospray emitters while the graphite coated nanospray emitters show good electrochemical stabilities. Although the surface of the graphite coated emitters may be passivated at positive potentials, the conductive coating is not lost as for the noble metal coated nanospray emitters. The graphite coated nanospray emitters still produced a stable nanospray signal despite the presence of a passivated surface. The polymer (i.e. polyaniline) coated nanospray emitters showed very low electrochemical activity and could not be thoroughly tested by CA. The relative short lifetimes seen in the electrochemical tests are qualitatively comparable with those obtained in nanospray experiments, in which only the outmost tip of the emitter is electrochemically active. However, the electrochemical stress during CA far exceeds the stress during ESI, which implies that CA can be used to perform quick and simple estimates of emitter stabilities. To our knowledge, this is the first time the electrochemical behavior of metal, polymer and graphite coated nanospray emitters has been compared.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Novel Chemosensitive Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Markers to Targeted Regimens in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 1.4MB, Cell viability measured by MTT assay in transfected CRC clones (a. DFNB31 rs2274159; b. ANXA11 rs1049550; c. LINS1 rs11247226) treated with FRC (a), FRB (b), and FXB (c), respectively. Bold font, P &lt; 0.05. FRC, FOLFIRI + cetuximab; FRB, FOLFIRI + bevacizumab; FXB, FOLFOX + bevacizumab.&lt;/p&gt;
Contact holes patterning by directed self-assembly of block copolymers: process window study (2015)

Contact hole (CH) patterning by directed self-assembly (DSA) of polystyrene-b-polymethylmethacrylate (PS-b-PMMA) block copolymers (BCPs) is extensively studied. Based on statistical analysis of defectivity and CD measurements after DSA, a process window (PW) for CH shrink is experimentally determined as a function of guiding pattern dimensions and BCP molecular weights corresponding to BCP natural periods. This PW permits to define the suitable BCP molecular weight and the best guiding CD ranges required to achieve a desired DSA hole CD within a specific tolerance. As an example, for a DSA hole CD targeted at 19.5 nm with 10% tolerance, circular guiding patterns of 52 nm CD with 20% guiding CD latitude are needed using a 35-nm-natural-period cylindrical BCP. Furthermore, it is shown that the CH shrink PW is also dependent on the guiding pattern density and the DSA process conditions such as the self-assembly annealing and the spin coating conditions. The study also highlights an interesting property of commensurability between guiding pattern dimensions and BCP’s natural period that governs the DSA CH patterning for both CH shrink and CH doubling configurations. This permits one to predict the guiding pattern dimensions needed for CH patterning by DSA using a given BCP of known natural period.
Non-Negative Matrix Factorization to unmix several fluorescence spectra and remove autofluorescence from in vivo spectrally resolved acquisitions (2010)

Plurality of specific fluorescent markers in multiplexing, and autofluorescence of biological tissues limit specific fluorescence detection. A spectroscopic approach and a blind source separation method are proposed to unmix multiple fluorescence spectra and remove autofluorescence.
Squalenoyl nanomedicine of gemcitabine is more potent after oral administration in leukemia-bearing rats: study of mechanisms (2008)

In an earlier report, we demonstrated the superior anticancer efficacy of orally administered squalenoyl gemcitabine (SQdFdC) nanomedicine over its parent drug gemcitabine on rats bearing RNK-16 large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. In the present communication, we investigated the mechanisms behind this observation both at the cell and tissue level. The mechanisms were investigated by performing cytotoxicity, cell uptake, and biodistribution experiments. In the presence of cytidine deaminase, SQdFdC nanoassemblies resisted deamination and exerted significant anticancer activity in vitro against RNK-16 LGL leukemia cells, whereas the cytotoxicity of free gemcitabine decreased by approximately 83-fold, indicating its degradation due to deamination. Additionally, the SQdFdC showed considerably higher intracellular accumulation and retention compared with gemcitabine (P<0.05). Unlike gemcitabine, the cellular access to SQdFdC was not influenced by nucleoside transporters. When administered orally to rats, unlike H-gemcitabine, the H-SQdFdC absorbed slowly, but exhibited an improved pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution profile, particularly in the lymphoid organs (the major organs of metastasis). The resistance to deamination, followed by the improved pharmacokinetic and tissue distribution, and greater accumulation and retention at the level of cancer cells, are the key factors for the superiority of SQdFdC nanoassemblies over free gemcitabine against RNK-16 LGL leukemia in rats.
<title>Fabrication technologies for micro-optical elements with arbitrary surfaces</title> (2000)

OPT
Plecanatide and SP-333, Novel Agonists of Guanylate Cyclase-C, Attenuate Visceral Hypersensitivity in Rat Models (2014)

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal (GI) disorder with symptoms comprised of abdominal pain and alterations in bowel habits. The key mechanism of its pathophysiology is considered to be visceral hypersensitivity, which could be due to loss of barrier function and gut permeability. GI inflammation might also be a contributory factor. Population-based studies have shown ˜10 fold higher risk of inflammatory bowel diseases in IBS patients as compared to those with no prior IBS history (Porter CK et al. BMC Gastroenterology 2012;12:55). The balance between the intracellular levels of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP may be fundamental in the control of pain in response to inflammatory mediators (Figure 1). Plecanatide and SP-333 are structurally close analogs of uroguanylin, which is an endogenous natriuretic peptide that activates guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) to stimulate cyclic GMP synthesis, a second messenger that regulates fluid transport and epithelial cell homeostasis, maintains barrier function, and ameliorates GI inflammation. The objective of this study was to evaluate anti-nociceptive effects of GC-C agonists in rodent models of visceral pain.Figure 1Methods: Oral treatment with plecanatide or SP-333 was evaluated in rodent models of inflammatory (TNBS) and non-inflammatory (partial restraint stress) induced visceral hypersensitivity to colorectal distension (CRD). T84 cells and GI tissues were used for Ussing chamber experiments. Results: Under basal conditions, CRD increased abdominal contractions in a pressure-dependent manner. In both models, plecanatide or SP-333 at doses of 0.01 and 0.05 mg/kg effectively reduced the number of abdominal contractions in response to CRD without significantly altering colonic wall elasticity as measured by changes in colonic volume. Additionally, both agonists reduced colonic volume adaptation to increasing pressure after TNBS instillation. Notably, these effects were observed across intracolonic pressures between 15 and 60 mm Hg. Conclusion: Results from these rodent models suggest that plecanatide and SP-333 are potent anti-nociceptive agents. This activity may be attributed to inhibition of mucosal inflammation and to suppression of sensory afferent activity. This study supports the potential of plecanatide and SP-333 as promising agents for treatment of IBS with constipation. Disclosure - Kunwar Shailubhai, John A. Foss, E. Priya Eddy, and Vaseem Palejwala are employees of Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc. Lionel Bueno received a research grant from Synergy. This research was supported by an industry grant from Synergy Pharmaceuticals Inc.