gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monothiols derived from glycols as agents for stabilizing gold colloids in water: synthesis, self-assembly and use as crystallization templates (1999)

Tetraethylene glycol (HO-(C 2 H 4 O) 4 -H) can be monofunctionalized by replacing one of the terminal hydroxy groups with the thiol SH group. The resulting molecule can be self-assembled on gold (111) surfaces. More importantly, this molecule allows the simple one-step preparation of protected, water-soluble gold colloids within a single aqueous phase. Attempts are made to use such protected water-soluble colloids as nucleating ‘seeds’ around which calcium carbonate can be crystallized.
The SRS Classification for Adult Spinal Deformity (2006)

A uniform system for classification of adult spinal deformity has significant utility in improving the ability of surgeons and authors to compare and combine similar cases, and in improving the accuracy of reports on the outcomes of care for adults with spinal deformity. The SRS Classification System for Adult Spinal Deformity has good interobserver reliability and is predictive of surgical strategies. Further validation of the SRS Classification System will include measures of intraobserver reliability, and inclusion of clinical characteristics of patient presentation and comorbidities.
Randomized trial of inhaled nitric oxide to treat acute pulmonary embolism: The iNOPE trial (2017)

Background The study hypothesis is that administration of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) plus oxygen to subjects with submassive pulmonary embolism (PE) will improve right ventricular (RV) systolic function and reduce RV strain and necrosis, while improving patient dyspnea, more than treatment with oxygen alone. Methods This article describes the rationale and protocol for a registered (NCT01939301), nearly completed phase II, 3-center, randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Eligible patients have pulmonary imaging–proven acute PE. Subjects must be normotensive, and have RV dysfunction on echocardiography or elevated troponin or brain natriuretic peptide and no fibrinolytics. Subjects receive NO plus oxygen or placebo for 24 hours (±3 hours) with blood sampling before and after treatment, and mandatory echocardiography and high-sensitivity troponin posttreatment to assess the composite primary end point. The sample size of N=78 was predicated on 30% more NO-treated patients having a normal high-sensitivity troponin ( Results We have enrolled 78 patients over a 31-month period. No patient has been withdrawn as a result of a safety concern, and no patient has had a serious adverse event related to NO. Conclusions We present methods and a protocol for the first double-blinded, randomized trial of inhaled NO to treat PE.
Chemoselective Ligation in the Functionalization of Polysaccharide-Based Particles (2009)

Despite the promise of precisely targeted or otherwise functionalized polymeric particulate drug delivery vehicles, typical biocompatible particles are generally not amenable to facile and selective surface modification. Herein, we report the development of a simple, mild, and chemoselective strategy for the conjugation of biologically active molecules to the surface of dextran-based microparticles. Alkoxyamine-bearing reagents were used to form stable oxime conjugates with latent aldehyde functionality present in reducing carbohydrate chain ends. We demonstrate the functionalization of dextran-based microparticles with a fluorophore as well as a cell-penetrating peptide sequence, which facilitated the delivery of cargo to nonphagocytic cells leading to a 60-fold increase in the expression of a reporter gene when plasmid DNA-loaded particles were used.
A Novel Gene, Le-Dd 10, Is Involved in Fruiting Body Formation of Lentinula Edodes (2022)

Abstract The cDNA library prepared from Lentinula edodes , Hokken 600 (H600), primordia was screened by using cDNA expressed specifically in Dictyostelium discoideum prestalk as a probe. Twenty-one clones, Le-Dd 1~21, were isolated from the L. edodes primordia cDNA library. Functional analysis of each gene was carried out by transformation into protoplast cells from L. edodes Mori 252 (M252) mycelia with the overexpression vector pLG-RasF1 of each gene because M252 protoplast cells were transformed with 11-fold higher efficiency than H600 cells. Transformants with the overexpression vector of Le-Dd10 formed a fruiting body at almost the same time as H600, a positive control, although M252, a negative control, did not form a fruiting body under culture conditions. This suggested that Le-Dd10 is involved in the formation of fruiting bodies. Single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis revealed that Le-Dd10 is located on No. 4 linkage group of L. edodes . The properties of Le-Dd10 products were investigated by Western blotting analysis using polyclonal antibodies against GST:Le-Dd10 fusion proteins. As a result, 56-kDa, 27-kDa, and 14-kDa protein bands appeared in primordial and fruiting body stages, although the expected molecular weight of the Le-Dd10 product was 50 kDa.
Optimization of the Hydrazine‐Water Solution for Anisotropic Etching of Silicon in Integrated Circuit Technology (1975)

Anisotropic etching of silicon with the hydrazine‐water mixture is studied and characterized for its practical use in integrated circuit technology. The solution is applied to {100} wafers where the etch presents a v‐shaped cross section limited at the side‐walls by {111} planes and at the bottom by a {100} plane. The etching process is evaluated in terms of the etch rate of the {100} plane, quality of side‐walls and bottom surface, and corner rounding. It is shown that the results are both concentration and temperature dependent. The optimal temperature for the etching process is found to be 100°C for both simple temperature control and high quality etching. It is also shown that the optimal mixture concentration must be choesn according to the particular use of the anisotropic etching. The optimal volume concentrations of hydrazine for the various applications are: 65% for VMOS devices and for v‐groove isolation rings, 70–80% for two‐level structures with flat bottom surface, and for electrode and sensor fabrication.
Reduced Trap-State Density of Ni-Silicide Seed-Induced Crystallized Poly-Si TFTs by Gettering (2012)

Polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated by seed-induced crystallization (SIC) have large leakage currents due to defects that consist of Ni impurities. Here, we describe a novel method of gettering to remove Ni impurities using a Si gettering layer that is separated from the active layer by a chemical SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> etch stop interlayer formed by dipping into H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . The leakage current, the on/off ratio, and a channel breakdown voltage were greatly improved. These results were explained by lowered trap-state density in the channel.
A possible role for AMP-activated protein kinase in exercise-induced glucose utilization: insights from humans and transgenic animals (2003)

Exercise-induced glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is mediated by an insulin-independent mechanism, but the actual signals to glucose transport in response to muscle contraction have not been identified. The 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has emerged as a putative mediator of contraction-induced glucose transport, although no conclusive evidence has been provided so far. Recent experiments in AMPK transgenic mice suggest that glucose transport induced by 5-amino-4-imidazolecarboxamide riboside (AICAR) or hypoxia is mediated by AMPK. In contrast, contraction-induced glucose transport in rodent skeletal muscle induced by electrical stimulation in vitro or in situ is not influenced or is only partially reduced by abolishing both or one of the catalytic AMPK subunits. This is compatible with exercise studies done in humans, where no tight correlation is found between AMPK activity and glucose uptake during exercise. Taken together, these results question an essential role of AMPK in exercise-induced glucose uptake and imply that one or more additional pathways are involved in mediating glucose transport in skeletal muscle during exercise.
A method for computing the most typical fuzzy expected value (1994)

A new method for computing the most typical fuzzy expected value of a membership function in a fuzzy set is described. The fuzzy expected value computed by this method denoted as the clustering fuzzy expected value (CFEV) is based on grouping of individual responses, that meet certain criteria, into clusters. Each cluster is considered a "super response" and contributes to the result proportional to its relative size and the difference in opinion from the mean of the entire sample. In so doing, the CFEV represents the opinion of the majority of the population, but it also respects the opinion of the minority. A comparison is made with existing schemes, such as the fuzzy expected value and the weighted fuzzy expected value, also intended to compute the most typical value in fuzzy sets. The advantages of CFEV are demonstrated by examples for cases where other methods fail to perform.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biometrics and Consumer Electronics: A Brave New World or the Road to Dystopia? [Soapbox] (2013)

Biometric systems confirm a person's identity by extracting and comparing patterns in their physical characteristics against computer records of those patterns. Examples include scans of the face, iris, or retina; measurements of hand geometry, palm or finger vein patterns; fingerprints, ear structure, voice patterns, or any other characteristic of the physical person that represents a unique attribute. The extracted patterns are matched against previously registered patterns, and, within certain tolerances, a confirmed match can be used to authenticate an individual's identity. In most practical systems, there is a need for a large, centralized data repository for storing the registered patterns, and substantial computing power is often required to process new patterns and compare these to the stored data set.
TRENDS IN SPATIAL DATABASES (2000)

Spatial databases have been an active area of research for over a decade, addressing the growing data management and analysis needs of spatial applications such as geographic information systems (GIS). This research has produced spatial data types and operators, spatial query languages and processing techniques, and spatial indexing and clustering techniques. In addition, this research also resulted in several extensions to the traditional relational database systems like extensible indexing and entensible optimizers. The objective of this paper is to identify some of the research issues and recent accomplishments in spatial database systems.
TUMOR TARGETING IN PATIENTS WITH A SECOND GENERATION, HIGH-AFFINITY, ANTI- CARCINOEMBRYONIC ANTIGEN (CEA) MURINE MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (1992)

Sharkey, R. M.; Goldenberg, D. M.; Murthy, S.; Siegel, J.; Izon, D.; Gascon, P.; Vezza, M.; Pinsky, C. M.; Hansen, H. J.; Wong, G. Y. Author Information
Inwardly rectifying potassium channels (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database (2019)

The 2TM domain family of K channels are also known as the inward-rectifier K channel family. This family includes the strong inward-rectifier K channels (Kir2.x) that are constitutively active, the G-protein-activated inward-rectifier K channels (Kir3.x) and the ATP-sensitive K channels (Kir6.x, which combine with sulphonylurea receptors (SUR1-3)). The pore-forming α subunits form tetramers, and heteromeric channels may be formed within subfamilies (e.g. Kir3.2 with Kir3.3).
Reliability challenges of high performance PD SOI CMOS with ultra-thin gate dielectrics (2004)

In this paper we have discussed various reliability issues in developing cutting edge SOI technologies with ultra-thin gate dielectrics such as DC-HCI (hot carrier injection), TDDB, NBTI, and ESD. Floating body and body tied structures on partially depleted SOI substrate are investigated. The correlation between the AC and DC HCI degradation are compared and found to have a larger voltage scaling factor that can be explained by self-heating. The reliability of the gate dielectric is evaluated by time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). The results imply that the addition of a T-gate shortens gate dielectric lifetime, this is because part of the gate dielectric is biased in accumulation and thus has shorter lifetime. Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) lifetime improves with higher nitrogen concentration in the GOX but it is found that it can cause more positive charge generation during NBTI stress. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the major reliability issue, ESD failure mechanism is thermal runaway that is due to the increased self-heating. A typical protection of the increased self-heating is the lateral diode. Change in design of the lateral diode to floating gate electrode enhanced the charged device model (CDM) protection capability.
Phase II study of nivolumab (anti-PD1), tadalafil, and oral vancomycin in patients with refractory primary hepatocellular carcinoma or liver dominant metastatic cancer from colorectal or pancreatic cancers. (2020)

TPS4656 Background: Treatment options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver dominant metastatic disease from colorectal or pancreatic cancers are limited with poor overall survival. Tadalafil has shown to increase anti-tumor immunity by decreasing myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and impair tumor growth in preclinical HCC models. Oral vancomycin affects bile acid metabolizing gut commensal bacteria leading to increased CXCL16 expression in the liver resulting in NKT mediated liver-selective anti-tumor effects. This study combines immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) treatment with nivolumab in combination with tadalafil and oral vancomycin. We aim to evaluate the synergy of the antitumor effect induced by the change in gut microbiome with oral vancomycin and the immunomodulatory effect of PDE5 inhibition combined with ICI with nivolumab in advanced liver cancer or liver metastasis. Correlative Studies: Paired liver tumor biopsies are analyzed for genomic analysis (WES, RNA-seq), immune cell infiltration, proteomics and metabolomic studies (bile acids) and chemokine expression. Stool samples are analyzed for microbiota. Blood samples are analyzed for immune monitoring, cytokine profiles and pharmacokinetics of study drugs. Serum bile acid levels are determined in blood in the 2 hour period after test meal ingestion. Methods: This is a single-arm study of nivolumab, oral vancomycin and tadalafil. Treatment is delivered in 4-week cycles (C) and continues until off treatment. Imaging is done every 8 weeks. Biopsies are done at baseline and during week 3 of C2. Nivolumab is administered on day (D)1 of each C at a dose of 480 mg IV. Tadalafil is administered orally (PO); 10 mg daily starting on D1 of C1 and continues daily until off study. Vancomycin administration starts on D1 of C1 at 125 mg PO every 6 hours for a total daily dose of 500 mg. Patients will be on vancomycin 3 weeks on, 1 week off per regimen. The study is currently enrolling without DLT. Clinical trial information: NCT03785210 .
Hypermethylation of AP-2alpha as a Prognostic Marker for DCIS (2006)

Abstract : Fifteen to 20% of women with initial DCIS subsequently manifest invasive breast carcinoma. At present, there is no real means to predict which patients will undergo this disease progression and recurrence. The purpose of this IDEA, DOD award is to determine whether hypermethylation of the AP-2alpha, and other genes, may identify those DCIS lesions at high risk for recurrence as invasive breast carcinoma. The idea was based on a small initial study (15 samples) where we found only 20% of DCIS samples, versus 70% of invasive tumors, had AP-2alpha hypermethylation. Our first chief aim was to verify these findings and identify other genes which might also prove useful as prognostic markers. During the past year, we have accomplished this goal by deriving a panel of 5 genes, including AP-2alpha, any two of which when hypermethylated in DCIS, preliminarily tracks with patients who develop recurrent disease. Each marker, in the main, has a much higher incidence of hypermethylation in invasive breast cancer versus DCIS. We are now ready, in the definitive case control study with UCSF, to test this panel of genes for its efficacy in predicting cases of DCIS which are likely to recur. We have also used the panel in a study with Steve Belinsky and are awaiting breaking of the code for longitudinal five year follow up to see how the results track with recurrent disease.
Supercritical Continuous‐Microflow Synthesis of Narrow Size Distribution Quantum Dots (2008)

CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with narrow size distribution are synthesized continuously in a pressurized high-temperature microreactor using supercritical hexane as the main solvent. The as-prepared QDs exhibit narrow photoluminescence emission (full-width at half-maximum as small as 25 nm, corresponding to σ = 4%), showing the advantages of supercritical-fluid synthesis compared to conventional high-boiling-point solvents.
A Cost-Efficient Approach to EV Charging Station Integrated Community Microgrid: A Case Study of Indian Power Market (2019)

Rising atmospheric adulteration due to exponential growth in urbanization, industrialization, and increasing the number of on-road vehicles is raising an alarming situation for urban communities. To mitigate the effects of this escalating issue, there is direct need for implementation of alternative fuel-based distributed generation and transportation system. In this paper, an optimal framework of energy management system (EMS) for public electric vehicles (EVs) charging station integrated with the community microgrid is proposed, based on switching mechanism from one trading market to another. The proposed framework is executed by formulating a mix integer, nonlinear problem under multiple trading locations. The aim of EMS is to minimize the cost of energy to charge the vehicle and to meet the community load, demand while maximizing the selling cost of the surplus energy of a solar photovoltaic system and the energy discharged by EVs. The proposed approach is applied to a 100-house community in the context of the Indian community, assuming each house governs one EV and returning charging station to charge and discharge the EV.
Supplemental Figure S2 from SBI-0640756 Attenuates the Growth of Clinically Unresponsive Melanomas by Disrupting the eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SBI-756 disrupts eIF4F complex in parent and BRAFi-resistant melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;
Radioimmunoassay for human myoglobin: methods and results in patients with skeletal muscle or myocardial disorders. [/sup 125/I tracer technique] (1978)

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay has been developed for the measurement of serum Mb. Immunization of rabbit with human Mb yielded anti-Mb antibody which was purified by affinity chromatography. Human hemoglobin, CK, and the component of serum per se did not appear to cross-react with the antibody. Mb was radiolabeled by the chloramine T method. The radioimmunoassay method could detect as little as 0.3 ng of Mb and was not affected by hemolysis. Information is also given on precision, recovery, and specimen preservation. Mb levels could be detected in all of 120 normal adults, and the values ranged between 1 and 28 ng/ml (mean, 13.1 +- 6.1). No sex difference was observed. Levels were markedly elevated in all the patients with progressive muscular dystrophy, especially in the Duchenne type at the level of 40 to 1700 ng/ml. It was also noticed that about 70% of female gene carriers of Duchenne type had a slightly increased Mb level. An elevated serum Mb was also noted in polymyositis. In every case of acute myocardial infarction, serum Mb levels were increased, peak values ranging from 175 to 4400 ng/ml and averaging 1162 +- 287.9 Mb levels were elevated faster and peaked earlier (withinmore » 6 to 12 hr after the attack) than serum CK activity and returned to nearly normal range within 3 to 4 days. The increase in serum Mb was also noticed in shock and surgery. These data indicate that radioimmunoassay of Mb is a useful test for judging the myolytic state of myogenic myopathies and for early detection of myocardial infarction.« less
Partial Resistance to Peroxisome Proliferator–Activated Receptor-α Agonists in ZDF Rats Is Associated With Defective Hepatic Mitochondrial Metabolism (2008)

The impairment of certain mitochondrial fluxes, but preservation or induction of others, suggests a complex defect in mitochondrial metabolism in the diabetic liver. These data indicate an important codependence between hepatic fat oxidation and gluconeogenesis in the normal and diabetic state and potentially explain the sometimes equivocal effect of PPAR-alpha agonists on glycemia.
Distributed average consensus in sensor networks with quantized inter-sensor communication (2008)

The paper studies distributed average consensus in sensor networks, when the sensors exchange quantized data at each time step. We show that randomizing the exchanged sensor data by adding a controlled amount of dither results in almost sure (a.s.) convergence of the protocol, if the network is connected. We explicitly characterize the mean-squared error (with respect to the desired consensus average) and show that, by tuning certain parameters associated with the protocol, the mean-squared error can be made arbitrarily small. We study the trade-offs between the rate of convergence and the resulting mean-squared error. The sensor network topology plays an important role in determining the convergence rate of the algorithm. Our approach, based on the convergence of controlled Markov processes, is very generic and can be applied to many other situations of imperfect communication. Finally, we present numerical studies, which verify our theoretical results.
Improvement of the oxidation stability of biodiesel as prepared by supercritical methanol method with lignin (2009)

Abstract An antioxidation effect of lignin‐derived products in biodiesel prepared using supercritical methanol (300°C/20 MPa) with molar ratio between rapeseed oil and methanol of 1:42 was studied. It was found that lignin could be decomposed to low molecular compounds that have a free radical‐trapping effect after supercritical methanol treatment. However, longer treatment time decreased the antioxidation effect of the lignin‐derived compounds. Rapeseed biodiesel prepared by supercritical methanol method at 300°C/20 MPa for 20 min with a small amount of added lignin showed an induction period longer than 6 h at 110°C in a Rancimat test. In addition, it was found that lignin had a catalytic effect in biodiesel production using the supercritical methanol method without significantly affecting other fuel properties of the prepared biodiesel. Thus, the study proved that lignin addition provides an inexpensive and technically acceptable way to improve the oxidation stability of biodiesel prepared by the supercritical methanol method with satisfactory fuel properties.