gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influences of Surface Charge, Size, and Concentration of Colloidal Nanoparticles on Fabrication of Self-Organized Porous Silica in Film and Particle Forms (2013)

Studies on preparation of porous material have attracted tremendous attention because existence of pores can provide material with excellent performances. However, current preparation reports described successful production of porous material with only partial information on charges, interactions, sizes, and compositions of the template and host materials. In this report, influences of self-assembly parameters (i.e., surface charge, size, and concentration of colloidal nanoparticles) on self-organized porous material fabrication were investigated. Silica nanoparticles (as a host material) and polystyrene (PS) spheres (as a template) were combined to produce self-assembly porous materials in film and particle forms. The experimental results showed that the porous structure and pore size were controllable and strongly depended on the self-assembly parameters. Materials containing highly ordered pores were effectively created only when process parameters fall within appropriate conditions (i.e., PS surface charge ≤ -30 mV; silica-to-PS size ratio ≤0.078; and silica-to-PS mass ratio of about 0.50). The investigation of the self-assembly parameter landscape was also completed using geometric considerations. Because optimization of these parameters provides significant information in regard to practical uses, results of this report could be relevant to other functional properties.
Proteome analysis of the responses of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer leaves to high light: Use of electrospray ionization quadrupole‐time of flight mass spectrometry and expressed sequence tag data (2003)

We performed comparative proteomic analyses in order to understand the physiological responses of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) to high light (HL). As a first step, we analyzed the proteins expressed in ginseng leaves. Proteins extracted from leaves were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Protein spots were identified by tandem mass spectra analysis using electrospray ionization quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (ESI Q-TOF MS). We used a ginseng expressed sequence tag (EST) database as well as a nonredundant protein database from NCBI to identify proteins. Eighty-one proteins were identified using the nr protein database, 51 of which were also verified from the ginseng EST database. An additional 66 proteins were identified only from the ginseng EST database. Proteins that function in energy metabolism, protein stabilization, and protection against oxidative stress were abundant. To understand the light responses of ginseng leaves, we studied time dependent changes in expressed proteins produced by 0-4 h of HL exposure. Six HL-responsive proteins were identified: three proteins were up-regulated (cytosolic small heat-shock protein, cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase, and putative major latex-like protein) and three proteins were down-regulated (Rieske Fe/S protein, putative 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase-like protein, and oxygen-evolving enhancer-like protein). Our results show that the ginseng EST database combined with ESI Q-TOF MS analysis can be used to identify ginseng proteins and to elucidate the protective mechanism of ginseng against HL induced damage.
Basal and Post-ACTH Aldosterone and Its Ratios Are Useful During Adrenal Vein Sampling in Primary Aldosteronism (2016)

Stimulation with ACTH is useful to improve selectivity of AVS but can frequently modify interpretation of lateralization. Basal ratios are as important as post-ACTH ratios to set an indication of adrenalectomy. AOPP/AP is superior to (A/C)OPP/(A/C)P to assess contralateral suppression. Infrequent CL suppression reveals frequent occurrence of contralateral hyperplasia in lateralized cases and helps predict postoperative outcomes.
An alternative approach to HVDC grid protection (2012)

In future HVDC grids, or `Supergrids', high voltage DC circuit breakers will almost certainly be used in order to remove a faulted element of the HVDC Grid whilst allowing power flow to continue on the remaining grid. However, associated with these HVDC circuit breakers will be the need for a means of fast fault detection, location and isolation. This paper presents a none-conventional approach to protection, drawing parallels with AC protection and highlighting some fundamental differences. (6 pages)
Effective Channel Mobility of AlGaN/GaN-on-Si Recessed-MOS-HFETs (2016)

We have investigated the channel mobility of AlGaN/GaN-on-Si recessed-metal-oxide-semiconductor-heterojunction field-effect transistors (recessed-MOS-HFET) with <TEX>$SiO_2$</TEX> gate oxide. Both field-effect mobility and effective mobility for the recessed-MOS channel region were extracted as a function of the effective transverse electric field. The maximum field effect mobility was <TEX>$380cm^2/V{\cdot}s$</TEX> near the threshold voltage. The effective channel mobility at the on-state bias condition was <TEX>$115cm^2/V{\cdot}s$</TEX> at which the effective transverse electric field was 340 kV/cm. The influence of the recessed-MOS region on the overall channel mobility of AlGaN/GaN recessed-MOS-HFETs was also investigated.
Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer in a two-user OFDM Interference Channel (2015)

In this paper, we study the Simultaneous Wireless Information and Power Transfer (SWIPT) in a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) two-user Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Interference Channel (IFC). We assume that the transmitters are non-cooperative and have perfect knowledge of the local Channel State Information (CSI). We show that the necessary condition for the optimal transmission strategy at high SNR is for the energy transmitter to transmit its signal by allocating its transmit power on a single subcarrier. Accordingly, we propose a one-subcarrier selection method for the energy transmitter and identify the achievable rate-energy region. In addition, we further enlarge the achievable rate-energy region by enabling a basic form of transmitter cooperation where messages are exchanged to inform the energy transmitter about the subcarriers unutilized by the information transmitter.
Cellular Entry of Hantaviruses Which Cause Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Is Mediated by β3Integrins (1999)

Hantaviruses replicate primarily in the vascular endothelium and cause two human diseases, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). In this report, we demonstrate that the cellular entry of HFRS-associated hantaviruses is facilitated by specific integrins expressed on platelets, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Infection of human umbilical vein endothelial cells and Vero E6 cells by the HFRS-causing hantaviruses Hantaan (HTN), Seoul (SEO), and Puumala (PUU) is inhibited by antibodies to alphavbeta3 integrins and by the integrin ligand vitronectin. The cellular entry of HTN, SEO, and PUU viruses, but not the nonpathogenic Prospect Hill (PH) hantavirus (i.e., a virus with no associated human disease), was also mediated by introducting recombinant alphaIIbbeta3 or alphavbeta3 integrins into beta3-integrin-deficient CHO cells. In addition, PH infectivity was not inhibited by alphavbeta3-specific sera or vitronectin but was blocked by alpha5beta1-specific sera and the integrin ligand fibronectin. RGD tripeptides, which are required for many integrin-ligand interactions, are absent from all hantavirus G1 and G2 surface glycoproteins, and GRGDSP peptides did not inhibit hantavirus infectivity. Further, a mouse-human hybrid beta3 integrin-specific Fab fragment, c7E3 (ReoPro), also inhibited the infectivity of HTN, SEO, and PUU as well as HPS-associated hantaviruses, Sin Nombre (SN) and New York-1 (NY-1). These findings indicate that pathogenic HPS- and HFRS-causing hantaviruses enter cells via beta3 integrins, which are present on the surfaces of platelets, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Since beta3 integrins regulate vascular permeability and platelet function, these findings also correlate beta3 integrin usage with common elements of hantavirus pathogenesis.
Printability and inspectability of defects on the EUV mask for sub-32nm half pitch HVM application (2011)

The availability of defect-free masks remains one of the key challenges for inserting extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) into high volume manufacturing, yet little data is available for understanding native defects on real masks. In this paper, a full field EUV mask is fabricated to see the printability of various defects on the mask. Programmed pit defect shows that minimum printable size of pits could be 17 nm of SEVD from the AIT. However 23.1nm in SEVD is printable from the EUV ADT. Defect printability and identification of its source along from blank fabrication to mask fabrication were studied using various inspection tools. Capture ratio of smallest printable defects was improved to 80% using optimized stack of metrical on wafer and state-of-art wafer inspection tool. Requirement of defect mitigation technology using fiducial mark are defined.
Patterning-controlled morphology of spatially and dimensionally constrained oxide nanostructures (2007)

This letter reports a facile approach for morphologic control of complex oxide nanostructures patterned by “soft” electron beam lithography (soft-eBL). The authors demonstrate fabrication of epitaxial nanofrustum and nanopyramidal morphologies of ferroelectric BaTiO3 and magnetic CoFe2O4 lines, with controlled zig-zag or smooth edges. The dimensional and shape control is achieved by simply tuning the patterning parameters such as resist thickness and patterning directions with respect to underlying substrate orientation. The crystal orientation, element distribution, and piezoelectric behavior of BaTiO3 nanofrustums are evaluated with analytical transmission electron microscopy and piezoresponse force microscopy. It is argued that soft-eBL allows for exquisite control over morphology, shape evolution, and orientation of zero- and one-dimensional nanostructures akin to what has been possible in the past with semiconductor heterostructures by thin film approaches.
Template‐controlled Solid‐state Synthesis: Toward a General Form of Covalent Capture in Molecular Solids (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Controlling Reactivity Using Linear Templates Template-controlled Solid-state Reactivity Target-oriented Organic Synthesis in the Solid State Other Linear Templates Summary and Outlook References
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE DER PODOCARPACEEN 36. MITT. B‐RING‐KONFORMATION EINIGER IM RING C AROMATISCHER DITERPENOIDE (1972)

Abstract Das Lacton (I) ergibt nach Rückflußkochen mit KOH in wäßrigem Methanol die 6ß,7oz‐Dihydroxysäure (IIa) (75% Ausbeute), die mit Diazomethan den Methyl‐ äther,(IIb) (65%), bei kurzer Einwirkung von Diazomethan und nachfolgender Acetylierung das Monoacetat (IIc) (70%) liefert, das nicht weiter acetyliert werden kann.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of the Slime-Mold Acrasin Glorin (1989)

The chemotactic dipeptide for the slime-mould Polysphondylium violaceum , glorin (N- propionyl-y-L-glutamyl-L-ornithine-d-lac ethyl ester) (8), was synthesized convergently in five steps with 41% overall yield, starting from L- ornithine hydrochloride (1) and L- glutamic acid ?-benzyl ester (4). -1H n.m.r. spectral analysis led to the conclusion that the propionamide and the ?-L- glutamyl amide bonds both undergo slow cis-trans isomerism in solution at room temperature. From a Karplus-type analysis of the values of the Ca,Cß coupling constants at the lactam chiral carbon, it was concluded that the six-membered ring can adopt either a half-chair or half-boat conformation, but it is not clear which. Similar calculations for the glutamyl Ca,Cß coupling constants were performed and, from these, significantly different relative populations for the three staggered conformations about the Glu-Ca,Cß bond were suggested. Receptor binding studies showed that glorin did not bind significantly to any of the six receptors studied, including opioid, dopamine, central benzodiazepine, peripheral benzodiazepine, a1-adrenoceptor and a2-adrenoceptor sites.
Differential Regulation of NF-κB-Mediated Proviral and Antiviral Host Gene Expression by Primate Lentiviral Nef and Vpu Proteins (2015)

NF-κB is essential for effective transcription of primate lentiviral genomes and also activates antiviral host genes. Here, we show that the early protein Nef of most primate lentiviruses enhances NF-κB activation. In contrast, the late protein Vpu of HIV-1 and its simian precursors inhibits activation of NF-κB, even in the presence of Nef. Although this effect of Vpu did not correlate with its ability to interact with β-TrCP, it involved the stabilization of IκB and reduced nuclear translocation of p65. Interestingly, however, Vpu did not affect casein kinase II-mediated phosphorylation of p65. Lack of Vpu was associated with increased NF-κB activation and induction of interferon and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) in HIV-1-infected T cells. Thus, HIV-1 and its simian precursors employ Nef to boost NF-κB activation early during the viral life cycle to initiate proviral transcription, while Vpu is used to downmodulate NF-κB-dependent expression of ISGs at later stages.
Role of NaCl level on the handling and water mobility in dough prepared from four wheat cultivars (2020)

In bread, NaCl plays a number of roles including improving flavor, functionality, dough handling, and prevention of sticky dough. Its reduction can create significant processing challenges. As such, the dough handling properties for four wheat cultivars (Pembina, Roblin, McKenzie, and Harvest) were investigated as a function of NaCl (0-4%) level. In terms of dough rheology, both cultivar and NaCl level were significant factors. The maximum deformation (J<sub>max</sub> ) in the dough decreased with increasing NaCl levels, indicating that the gluten network became stronger so that it was able to resist the imposed stress. For extensibility, increasing the levels of NaCl resulted in increased resistance to extension for all cultivars. Dough stickiness was shown to be both cultivar and salt level dependent, with weaker cultivars showing higher stickiness. Findings for water association indicated that with the addition of NaCl there was less free water among the different cultivars and an increase in the water associated with the starch-fraction. Dough morphology measurements supported rheology trends; the stronger dough producing cultivars created more elongated protein polymers with a unidirectional network whereas the weaker cultivars created porous multidirectional networks. Overall, Pembina and Roblin formed stronger gluten networks than McKenzie and Harvest, however, the effect of NaCl level was shown to be cultivar dependent. Findings indicate that careful cultivar selection will help mitigate challenges in dough handling within a reduced NaCl environment.
Visceral Leishmaniasis Relapse in HIV Patients—A Role for Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells? (2014)

1Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium, 2Myeloid Cell Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Brussels, Belgium,3Operational Research Unit, Medical Department, Me´decins Sans Frontie`res – Operational Centre Brussels, Brussels, Belgium, 4Department of Pharmaceutical andPharmacological Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, 5Faculty of Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 6Department of ClinicalSciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
Results of randomized, placebo (PL)-controlled phase II study evaluating efficacy and safety of regorafenib (REG) in patients (pts) with metastatic osteosarcoma (metOS), on behalf of the French Sarcoma Group (FSG) and Unicancer. (2018)

11504 Background: Oral multikinase inhibitor REG has shown activity in GIST and non-adipocytic soft tissue sarcomas. We designed REGOBONE as a non-comparative phase II, double-blind, PL-controlled trial to study the efficacy and safety of REG for pts with metOS and other types of bone sarcomas. This trial consisted of 4 independent cohorts : metOS, Ewing sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and chordoma. We report here the metOS cohort results. Methods: metOS pts were randomized (2:1) to receive either REG (160 mg/d, 21/28d) or PL with optional cross-over at the time of confirmed central review of progressive disease (PD). Key-eligibility criteria were age ≥10 years, histologically confirmed diagnosis of OS, confirmed measurable PD not amenable to curative-intent, 1-2 previous chemotherapy (CT) regimen(s) for metastatic disease, and ECOG 0-1. 24 pts were planned in the REG arm based on A’Hern’s single-stage design for phase II trials (1-sided α = 0.05, and 80% power) to detect a 27% benefit in the progression-free rate at 8 weeks (P0 = 40%). Major secondary endpoints were PFS (per modified RECIST1.1), OS and safety. Results: From June 2014 to April 2017, 43 metOS pts were included. Five pts were not eligible for efficacy analysis. Of 38 efficacy-evaluable pts (12 in PL arm and 26 in REG arm) ; 24 were men, median age was 33 (18-74) years, 28 (74%) had 1 previous CT regimen. 17 pts (65.4% ; one-sided CI95% = [47.4%-]) were non-progressive at 8 weeks in the REG arm vs. 0 in the PL arm. Median PFS was 13.7 (CI95% = 8.0-27.3) vs. 4 (CI95% = 3.0-5.7) weeks for REG and PL arms, respectively. PFS rate at 24 weeks was 35% (CI95% = 17-52) in the REG arm vs. 0 in the PL arm. 1-year OS was 53% (CI95% = 31-71) and 33% (CI95% = 10-59) for REG and PL arms, respectively. Ten pts crossed-over to REG after centrally-confirmed PD on PL. The most common ≥Gr3 REG-related AEs during the double blind period were hypertension (24%), hand-foot skin reaction (17%), asthenia (10%) and diarrhea (7%). Conclusions: REG demonstrates very promising activity, with acceptable toxicity, in metOS after failure of conventional chemotherapy, justifying confirmatory trials. Clinical trial information: NCT02389244.
Protein-protein Interactions: Network Analysis and Applications in Drug Discovery (2012)

Physical interactions among proteins constitute the backbone of cellular function, making them an attractive source of therapeutic targets. Although the challenges associated with targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs) -in particular with small molecules - are considerable, a growing number of functional PPI modulators is being reported and clinically evaluated. An essential starting point for PPI inhibitor screening or design projects is the generation of a detailed map of the human interactome and the interactions between human and pathogen proteins. Different routes to produce these biological networks are being combined, including literature curation and computational methods. Experimental approaches to map PPIs mainly rely on the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) technology, which have recently shown to produce reliable protein networks. However, other genetic and biochemical methods will be essential to increase both coverage and resolution of current protein networks in order to increase their utility towards the identification of novel disease-related proteins and PPIs, and their potential use as therapeutic targets.
Scope and Mechanistic Aspect of Nickel-Catalyzed Alkenylation of Benzothiazoles and Related Azoles with Styryl Bromides (2019)

Alkenylation of benzothiazoles and related azoles with alkenyl bromides is achieved employing the well-defined and air-stable nickel complexes, (bpy)NiBr2 and [Ni(bpy)3][NiBr4], as catalysts. Numerous electronically distinct alkenyl bromides efficiently coupled with substituted benzothiazoles, oxazoles, and benzimidazoles under the catalytic conditions to afford 2-alkenylated azoles. An extensive mechanistic study of the alkenylation of benzothiazole using (bpy)NiBr2 highlights a single-electron transfer process for the reaction involving the two-step one-electron oxidative addition of alkenyl bromide. The substrate benzothiazole plays a significant and diverse role in the reaction, and C–H bond cleavage is reversible in nature. Detailed kinetic analysis and control reactivity studies are indicative of a Ni(I)/Ni(III) pathway for the alkenylation comprising the rate-influencing reductive elimination step.
Reflectarray Antenna Changing Beam Direction by Polarization (2021)

Reflectarray antenna applies the reflection phase control function of a metal loaded frequency selective reflector (FSR) to the reflector antenna. If the shape and arrangement of the elements are appropriately designed, it is possible to control the reflection phases of vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarization with a single reflectarray. In this report, a highly accurate reflectarray is investigated that uses three linear elements. The results of the analysis demonstrate that the mutual coupling between the H and V components reduces and the effect of manufacturing error is minimized. Consequently, it is inferred that the beam could be emitted in different directions for each polarization.
Natural history of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms. (2010)

e21115 Background: Pancreatic cysts (PC) are increasingly being detected; proper management requires a balance between aggressive intervention and surveillance. Mucinous cysts may develop adenocarcinoma; however, only a minority will do so. To better understand the evolution of mucinous cystic neoplasms, we studied the natural history of PC by integrating molecular analyses of cyst fluid with other clinical parameters in a continuous series of patients with extended follow-up. Methods: A continuous series of 299 patients with pancreatic cysts yielded 43 mucinous cysts with one or more ASGE criteria and/or risk factors for cancer formation. Patients with overt pancreatic cancer were excluded. Molecular analyses measured 1) DNA quantity, 2) DNA quality, 3) Kras point mutation, 4) allelic imbalance (loss of heterozygosity [LOH]) for 16 markers, and 5) degree of clonal expansion of DNA alterations (RedPath PathFinderTG). Follow up ranged from 25 to 45 months. Results: Of 43 patients predicted to be non-malignant (Benign or Statistically Indolent), 41 (95%) are alive more than 2 years later (average of 41 months since initial diagnosis). The 2 that died were 83 and 85 years old (cause of death not yet established). 92% of patients with one or more ASGE/risk factors are alive more than 2 years later. The only death occurred in a single patient predicted to have aggressive disease by molecular features. Molecular analysis complemented existing practice by using as little as 20 μl of aspirated fluid. Conclusions: The vast majority of mucinous cysts did not manifest neoplastic progression for up to 36 months. Molecular analyses are useful tools to detect aggressive behavior in aspirated pancreatic cyst fluid. Serial molecular analyses can plot the trajectory of molecular change over time in challenging pancreatic cyst patients with otherwise indeterminate imaging, chemistry and/or cytologic risk factors. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration RedPath Integrated Pathology RedPath Integrated Pathology