gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An immune-protein signature combining TRAIL, IP-10 and CRP for accurate prediction of severe COVID-19 outcome (2021)

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Accurately identifying COVID-19 patients at-risk to deteriorate remains challenging. Tools integrating host-protein expression have proven useful in determining infection etiology and hold potential for prognosticating disease severity. METHODS Adults with COVID-19 were recruited at medical centers in Israel, Germany, and the United States. Severe outcome was defined as intensive care unit admission, non-invasive or invasive ventilation, or death. Tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and interferon gamma inducible protein-10 (IP-10; also known as CXCL10) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured using an analyzer providing values within 15 minutes. A signature indicating the likelihood of severe outcome was derived generating a score (0-100). Patients were assigned to 4 score bins. RESULTS Between March and November 2020, 518 COVID-19 patients were enrolled, of whom 394 were eligible, 29% meeting a severe outcome. The signature’s area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.86 (95% confidence interval: 0.81-0.91). Performance was not confounded by age, sex, or comorbidities and superior to IL-6 (AUC 0.77; p = 0.033) and CRP (AUC 0.78; p &lt; 0.001). Likelihood of severe outcome increased significantly (p &lt; 0.001) with higher scores. The signature differentiated patients who further deteriorated after meeting a severe outcome from those who improved (p = 0.004) and projected 14-day survival probabilities (p &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSION The derived immune-protein signature combined with a rapid measurement platform is an accurate predictive tool for early detection of COVID-19 patients at-risk for severe outcome, facilitating timely care escalation and de-escalation and appropriate resource allocation. FUNDING MeMed funded the study
Tumor necrosis factor-α is toxic via receptor 1 and protective via receptor 2 in a murine model of myocardial infarction (2007)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha induced in damaged myocardium has been considered to be cardiotoxic. TNF-alpha initiates its biological effects by binding two distinct receptors: R1 (p55) and R2 (p75). Although TNF-alpha has been shown to be cardiotoxic via R1-mediated pathways, little is known about the roles of R2-mediated pathways in myocardial infarction (MI). We created MI in R1 knockout (R1KO), R2KO, and wild-type (WT) mice by ligating the left coronary artery. Functional, histological, and biochemical analyses were performed 4 wk after ligation. Although infarct size was not different among WT, R1KO, and R2KO mice, post-MI survival was significantly improved in R1KO but not R2KO mice. R1KO significantly ameliorated contractile dysfunction after MI, whereas R2KO significantly exaggerated ventricular dilatation and dysfunction. Myocyte hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis in noninfarct myocardium was exacerbated in R2KO but not in R1KO mice. Expression of R1, which was not affected by MI and was nullified in R1KO mice, was significantly upregulated in R2KO mice. In contrast, expression of R2, which was significantly upregulated by MI and was nullified in R2KO mice, was unaffected in R1KO mice. Meanwhile, TNF-alpha expression, which was significantly upregulated in noninfarct myocardium after MI, was not affected by R1KO or R2KO. However, transcript levels of IL-6, IL-1beta, transforming growth factor-beta, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, which were significantly upregulated after MI, were significantly downregulated in R1KO mice. In contrast, transcript levels of IL-6 and IL-1beta were significantly further upregulated in R2KO mice. TNF-alpha is toxic via R1 and protective via R2 in a murine model of MI. Selective blockade of R1 may be a candidate therapeutic intervention for MI.
Role of mitochondrial DNA variation in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (2016)

Mitochondria are crucial intracellular organelles where ATP and reactive oxygen species are generated via the electron transport chain. They are also where cellular fate is determined. There is a growing body of evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction plays an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic beta-cells results in impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It is also associated with decreased oxidative phosphorylation and fatty acid oxidation in insulin sensitive tissues. Variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) quantity and quality are reported to be associated with the risk of developing diabetes. A rare variant, mtDNA 3243 A>G, is well known to cause maternally inherited diabetes. Common mtDNA variants, such as mtDNA 16189 T>C and several mtDNA haplogroups, are also associated with an increased risk of diabetes, especially in Asians. The variant load, known as heteroplasmy, in a specific tissue is thought to modulate the phenotypic expression of these mtDNA variants. In this article, we review the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of diabetes and the association between mtDNA variations and risk of diabetes.
Metal-metal interactions in binuclear rhodium isocyanide complexes. Resonance Raman spectra of the 1Alg and Eu3A2u electronic states of tetrakis(1,3-diisocyanopropane)dirhodium(I) (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal-metal interactions in binuclear rhodium isocyanide complexes. Resonance Raman spectra of the 1Alg and Eu3A2u electronic states of tetrakis(1,3-diisocyanopropane)dirhodium(I)Richard F. Dallinger, Vincent M. Miskowski, Harry B. Gray, and William H. WoodruffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6, 1595–1596Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00396a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00396a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient eventual consistency in Pahoehoe, an erasure-coded key-blob archive (2010)

Cloud computing demands cheap, always-on, and reliable storage. We describe Pahoehoe, a key-value cloud storage system we designed to store large objects cost-effectively with high availability. Pahoehoe stores objects across multiple data centers and provides eventual consistency so to be available during network partitions. Pahoehoe uses erasure codes to store objects with high reliability at low cost. Its use of erasure codes distinguishes Pahoehoe from other cloud storage systems, and presents a challenge for efficiently providing eventual consistency. We describe Pahoehoe's put, get, and convergence protocols-convergence being the decentralized protocol that ensures eventual consistency. We use simulated executions of Pahoehoe to evaluate the efficiency of convergence, in terms of message count and message bytes sent, for failure-free and expected failure scenarios (e.g., partitions and server unavailability). We describe and evaluate optimizations to the naïve convergence protocol that reduce the cost of convergence in all scenarios.
Electrical nonuniformities and their impact on the electron mobility in semi-insulating SiC crystals (2004)

Hall effect and van der Pauw measurements for temperatures in the range 300–1000 K were carried out on semi-insulating (SI) 4H-SiC wafers grown by physical vapor transport (PVT) and by high temperature chemical vapor deposition. It is shown that, for semi-insulating 4H-SiC samples the temperature dependence of both resistivity and electron mobility can be measured with some samples exhibiting mobilities close to the theoretical limit determined by intervalley and phonon scattering. However, most PVT-grown samples exhibit electron mobilities an order of magnitude lower than expected. The results are explained by the electrical macrononuniformities inherent in the PVT growth process. Measurements of the temperature dependence of the photocurrent indicate that microscale potential fluctuations characteristic of other high-resistivity semiconductors are less of an issue with SI–SiC.
Real-time direct measurement of field rise time and dynamic instability of perpendicular writers (2010)

A method is presented to measure the dynamic write field of a perpendicular recording head directly in the time domain using a tunneling magnetoresistive read sensor. The method is used to measure the magnetic field rise time of two different writer designs and real-time measurements of the write field without averaging are demonstrated, enabling investigation of transient switching behavior that would not be observed with stroboscopic or frequency-domain techniques. A dynamic instability is observed and characterized in a particular writer design and is attributed to the insertion of an antiferromagnetic coupling layer in the writer pole.
On the Importance of Capturing a Sufficient Diversity of Perspective for\n the Classification of micro-PCBs (2021)

We present a dataset consisting of high-resolution images of 13 micro-PCBs\ncaptured in various rotations and perspectives relative to the camera, with\neach sample labeled for PCB type, rotation category, and perspective\ncategories. We then present the design and results of experimentation on\ncombinations of rotations and perspectives used during training and the\nresulting impact on test accuracy. We then show when and how well data\naugmentation techniques are capable of simulating rotations vs. perspectives\nnot present in the training data. We perform all experiments using CNNs with\nand without homogeneous vector capsules (HVCs) and investigate and show the\ncapsules' ability to better encode the equivariance of the sub-components of\nthe micro-PCBs. The results of our experiments lead us to conclude that\ntraining a neural network equipped with HVCs, capable of modeling equivariance\namong sub-components, coupled with training on a diversity of perspectives,\nachieves the greatest classification accuracy on micro-PCB data.\n
Análisis de patrones territoriales de la estructura poblacional por edad a nivel subnacional en Chile (2021)

"Dadas las evidencias que dejó la pirámide de población del Censo 2017 de Chile para la escala país, surge la interrogante si la estructura poblacional por edad se replica de forma homogénea a nivel subnacional o, por el contrario, presenta características heterogéneas locales a razón de grupos de edad específicos o de envejecimiento de la población. Para cada una de las unidades subnacionales de tercer nivel (n=346), se procedió a comparar la desviación estándar de las diferentes clases de edad en relación con la pirámide poblacional nacional. Con esas diferencias, se utilizó el método k-medias para identificar ocho grupos de comunas y se calcularon cuatro indicadores demográficos. Los resultados permiten afirmar que la estructura poblacional por edad y sexo a nivel comunal presenta características heterogéneas. El análisis de patrones territoriales identificó grupos de población envejecida, nido con envejecimiento activo, transición al envejecimiento, población adulta, hombres en edad productiva terminal, hombres en edad inicial, nido en expansión y nido consolidado."
Narrow spectral width surface emitting LED for long wavelength multiplexing applications (1984)

We discuss a novel surface emitting InGaAsP LED with a relatively narrow spectrum obtained by the integral growth of a 2.6 μm thick semiconductor absorbing, or filtering, layer on a conventional double heterostructure device. The full width at half maximum for the filtered LED with peakpower at <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda_{0} = 1.29 \mu</tex> m is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Delta\lambda = 850</tex> Å (63 meV),compared with an unfiltered LED half width of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Delta\lambda = 1300</tex> Å (97 meV). Half width measurements were made at a drive current density of 10 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The optimization of the filtered LED is considered, and it is found that a substantial reduction of the power in the short wavelength spectral tail can be obtained without significantly decreasing the total LED output power. For these reasons, the filtered LED has potential applications for low cost wavelength division multiplexing systems where a low overlap of spectral output between adjacent wavelength channels is required. In addition, the narrow spectrum may prove useful in moderate bit rate (> 100 Mbits/s) multimode transmission systems where the output from broad spectrum, conventional surface emitting LED's leads to unacceptably high levels of signal dispersion.
Physical inactivity and glucose intolerance in the multiethnic island of Mauritius (1995)

The island nation of Mauritius, located in the southwest Indian Ocean, has a high prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among all of its ethnic groups (Hindu and Muslim Indians, African-origin Creoles, and Chinese). These high rates of NIDDM among groups of varying genetic background provide strong support for the importance of environmental components in the etiology of the disease. Research in Mauritius using a simple activity scale has suggested that physical inactivity may be one of these components. The current investigation further examined the association between glucose tolerance and physical activity in middle-aged nondiabetic residents of Mauritius using a more extensive physical activity questionnaire (the Modifiable Activity Questionnaire). Excluding individuals with NIDDM, a statistically significant (P < 0.05) inverse relationship between physical activity and 2-h post-load glucose concentration was found for both males (rho = -0.14) and females (rho = -0.11). Stratifying by ethnic group, similar inverse correlations were observed in Hindu, Creole, and Chinese males, and in Hindu females (P < 0.05), as well as weaker relationships in Muslim males and Creole females (P < 0.10). Total physical activity remained an independent predictor of 2-h post-load glucose concentration after controlling for body mass index, waist-hip ratio, age, and family history of NIDDM. These data are supportive of a potentially important role of physical activity in the prevention of NIDDM in middle-aged inhabitants of Mauritius.
Inertial cavitation to non-invasively trigger and monitor intratumoral release of drug from intravenously delivered liposomes (2013)

The encapsulation of cytotoxic drugs within liposomes enhances pharmacokinetics and allows passive accumulation within tumors. However, liposomes designed to achieve good stability during the delivery phase often have compromised activity at the target site. This problem of inefficient and unpredictable drug release is compounded by the present lack of low-cost, non-invasive methods to measure such release. Here we show that focused ultrasound, used at pressures similar to those applied during diagnostic ultrasound scanning, can be utilised to both trigger and monitor release of payload from liposomes. Notably, drug release was influenced by liposome composition and the presence of SonoVue® microbubbles, which provided the nuclei for the initiation of an event known as inertial cavitation. In vitro studies demonstrated that liposomes formulated with a high proportion of 1,2 distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DSPE) released up to 30% of payload following ultrasound exposure in the presence of SonoVue®, provided that the exposure created sufficient inertial cavitation events, as characterised by violent bubble collapse and the generation of broadband acoustic emissions. In contrast a 'Doxil'-like liposome formulation gave no such triggered release. In pre-clinical studies, ultrasound was used as a non-invasive, targeted stimulus to trigger a 16-fold increase in the level of payload release within tumors following intravenous delivery. The inertial cavitation events driving this release could be measured remotely in real-time and were a reliable predictor of drug release.
The next era of renal radionuclide imaging: novel PET radiotracers (2019)

Although single-photon-emitting radiotracers have long been the standard for renal functional molecular imaging, recent years have seen the development of positron emission tomography (PET) agents for this application. We provide an overview of renal radionuclide PET radiotracers, in particular focusing on novel <sup>18</sup>F-labelled and <sup>68</sup>Ga-labelled agents. Several reported PET imaging probes allow assessment of glomerular filtration rate, such as [<sup>68</sup>Ga]ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ([<sup>68</sup>Ga]EDTA), [<sup>68</sup>Ga]IRDye800-tilmanocept and 2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorosorbitol ([<sup>18</sup>F]FDS)). The diagnostic performance of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]EDTA has already been demonstrated in a clinical trial. [<sup>68</sup>Ga]IRDye800-tilmanocept shows receptor-mediated binding to glomerular mesangial cells, which in turn may allow the monitoring of progression of diabetic nephropathy. [<sup>18</sup>F]FDS shows excellent kidney extraction and excretion in rats and, as has been shown in the first study in humans. Further, due to its simple one-step radiosynthesis via the most frequently used PET radiotracer 2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-D-glucose, [<sup>18</sup>F]FDS could be available at nearly every PET centre. A new PET radiotracer has also been introduced for the effective assessment of plasma flow in the kidneys: Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>-N-([<sup>18</sup>F]fluoroethyl)iminodiacetic acid (Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>([<sup>18</sup>F]FEDA)). This compound demonstrates similar pharmacokinetic properties to its <sup>99m</sup>Tc-labelled analogue [<sup>99m</sup>Tc](CO)<sub>3</sub>(FEDA). Thus, if there is a shortage of molybdenum-99, Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>([<sup>18</sup>F]FEDA would allow direct comparison with previous studies with <sup>99m</sup>Tc. The PET radiotracers for renal imaging reviewed here allow thorough evaluation of kidney function, with the tremendous advantage of precise anatomical coregistration with simultaneously acquired CT images and rapid three-dimensional imaging capability.
H5N1 Outbreaks and Enzootic Influenza (2006)

Ongoing outbreaks of H5N1 avian influenza in migratory waterfowl, domestic poultry, and humans in Asia during the summer of 2005 present a continuing, protean pandemic threat. We review the zoonotic source of highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses and their genesis from their natural reservoirs. The acquisition of novel traits, including lethality to waterfowl, ferrets, felids, and humans, indicates an expanding host range. The natural selection of nonpathogenic viruses from heterogeneous subpopulations co-circulating in ducks contributes to the spread of H5N1 in Asia. Transmission of highly pathogenic H5N1 from domestic poultry back to migratory waterfowl in western China has increased the geographic spread. The spread of H5N1 and its likely reintroduction to domestic poultry increase the need for good agricultural vaccines. In fact, the root cause of the continuing H5N1 pandemic threat may be the way the pathogenicity of H5N1 viruses is masked by co-circulating influenza viruses or bad agricultural vaccines.
Campylobacter jejuni Glycosylation Island Important in Cell Charge, Legionaminic Acid Biosynthesis, and Colonization of Chickens (2009)

Previously, we identified five genes (Cj1321 to Cj1326, of which Cj1325 and Cj1326 are a single gene) in the O-linked flagellin glycosylation island that are highly prevalent in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from chickens. We report mutagenesis, functional, and structural data to confirm that this locus, and Cj1324 in particular, has a significant contributory role in the colonization of chickens by C. jejuni. A motile DeltaCj1324 mutant with intact flagella was considerably less hydrophobic and less able to autoagglutinate and form biofilms than the parent strain, 11168H, suggesting that the surface charge of flagella of Cj1324-deficient strains was altered. The physical and functional attributes of the parent were restored upon complementation. Structural analysis of flagellin protein purified from the DeltaCj1324 mutant revealed the absence of two legionaminic acid glycan modifications that were present in the parent strain, 11168H. These glycoform modifications were shown to be prevalent in chicken isolates and confirm that differences in the highly variable flagellin glycosylation locus can relate to the strain source. The discovery of molecular mechanisms influencing the persistence of C. jejuni in poultry aids the rational design of approaches to control this problematic pathogen in the food chain.
Improvement of novel noninvasive measurement of endothelial function: ezFMD (2011)

Endothelial dysfunction is considered as an early event in the development of atherosclerosis and vascular diseases. The conventional non-invasive method used to assess endothelial function, namely, measurement of flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), needs an ultrasound system, which is expensive, and high levels of technical skill. We developed the novel method, measurement of the ezFMD, for the assessment of endothelial function. ezFMD estimates the degree of vasodilatation from the cuff oscillation signal transmitted by the cuff attached to the upper arm. The objective of this study was to clarify the factors influencing the variability of ezFMD, improve the repeatability of ezFMD measurement, and determine the correlation between ezFMD and FMD. We assumed that the following two factors are variable factors, and investigated the following two factors to improve the measurement accuracy. (1) brachial artery occlusion by cuff pressure for oscillation measurement; (2) change of the arterial wall viscosity at dilatation. Repeatability was improved by using the mean pressure method. Also, the correlation was improved by calculating the oscillation amplitude from the pulse wave area. These results suggest that ezFMD has potential for clinical use.