gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Pneumatic dilation for persistent dysphagia after antireflux surgery, a multicentre single-blind randomised sham-controlled clinical trial. (2021)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Pneumatic dilation for persistent dysphagia after antireflux surgery, a multicentre single-blind randomised sham-controlled clinical trial.
Two-dimensional reconfigurable gradient index memory metasurface (2013)

Creation and control of spatial gradients in electromagnetic properties is a central theme underlying optical device design. In this work, we demonstrate that through modification of the spatial and temporal distribution of current, we can obtain increased control over the shape of these gradients. We are able to write spatially sharp gradients with ∼50% change in the index of refraction over length scales of only a few wavelengths as observed through diffraction limited terahertz spectroscopy. Furthermore, we assess the potentials for such gradients for beam-steering applications.
DQN Dynamic Pricing and Revenue Driven Service Federation Strategy (2021)

This paper proposes a dynamic pricing and revenue-driven service federation strategy based on a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to instantly and automatically decide federation across different service provider domains, each introduces dynamic service prices offering to its customers and towards other domains. A dynamic pricing model is considered in this work based on the analysis of real pricing data collected from public cloud provider, and upon this a dynamic arrival process as a result of the price changes is proposed for formulating the service federation problem as a Markov Decision Problem (MDP). In this work, several reinforcement learning algorithms are developed to solve the problem, and the presented results show that the DQN method reached 90% of the optimal revenue and outperformed existing state-of-the-art strategies, and it can learn the federation pricing dynamics to make optimum federation decisions according to price changes.
Effect of Leading-Edge Slot Blowing on a Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (2011)

or above the blade stall angle only. The results show significant potential for flow control by jet blowing using all methods and approaches. Single-sided blowing resulted in a 59% increase net energy yield, while double-sided blowing produced improvements in excess of 150%, even when secondary system losses were factored into the estimates.
PREMIER - PRobabilistic Error-correction using Markov Inference in Errored Reads (2013)

In this work we present a flexible, probabilistic and reference-free method of error correction for high throughput DNA sequencing data. The key is to exploit the high coverage of sequencing data and model short sequence outputs as independent realizations of a Hidden Markov Model (HMM). We pose the problem of error correction of reads as one of maximum likelihood sequence detection over this HMM. While time and memory considerations rule out an implementation of the optimal Baum-Welch algorithm (for parameter estimation) and the optimal Viterbi algorithm (for error correction), we propose low-complexity approximate versions of both. Specifically, we propose an approximate Viterbi and a sequential decoding based algorithm for the error correction. Our results show that when compared with Reptile, a state-of-the-art error correction method, our methods consistently achieve superior performances on both simulated and real data sets.
Data from Inferred Immune-Cell Activity Is an Independent Predictor of HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Prognosis and Response to Paclitaxel-Based Therapy in the GeparSepto Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Tumor microenvironment (TME) immune markers have been correlated with both response to neoadjuvant therapy and prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Here, immune-cell activity of breast cancer tumors was inferred by expression-based analysis to determine if it is prognostic and/or predictive of response to neoadjuvant paclitaxel-based therapy in the GeparSepto (G7) trial (NCT01583426).&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Pre-study biopsies from 279 patients with HER2-negative breast cancer in the G7 trial underwent RNA-seq-based profiling of 104 immune-cell-specific genes to assess inferred Immune Cell Activity (iICA) of 23 immune-cell types. Hierarchical clustering was used to classify tumors as iICA “hot,” “warm,” or “cold” by comparison of iICA in the G7 cohort relative to that of 1,467 samples from a tumor database established by Nantomics LLC. Correlations between iICA cluster, pathology-assessed tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), and hormone receptor (HR) status for pathologic complete response (pCR), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were determined.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;iICA cluster correlated with TIL levels. The highest pCR rates were observed in hot cluster tumors, and those with relatively higher TILs. Greater inferred activity of several T-cell types was significantly associated with pCR and survival. DFS and OS were prolonged in patients with hot or warm cluster tumors, the latter particularly for HR negative tumors, even if TILs were relatively low.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Overall, TIL level better predicted pCR, but iICA cluster better predicted survival. Differences in associations between TILs, cluster, pCR, and survival were observed for HR-positive tumors versus HR-negative tumors, suggesting expanded study of the implication of these findings is warranted.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Synthesis of Optically Active Thromboxane A2 and Leukotriene D4 Receptor Antagonists (2013)

Abstract Both (+)- and (−)-4-{[(2-{4-chlorophenylsulfonylamino}-1-{3-[(E)-2-(7-chloro-2-quinolyl)-vinyl]phenyl}ethyl)thio]methyl}benzoic acid (1), Thromboxane A2 and Leukotriene D4 receptor dual antagonist were synthesized. Racemic methyl 4-({[2-amino-1-(3-hydroxymethylphenyl)ethyl]thio}methyl)benzoate (2), and methyl 4-[({2-amino-1-[3-(1,3-dioxolan-2-yl)phenyl]ethyl}thio)methyl]benzoate (3) were derived from 2-(3-bromophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane (4). Compound 2 was resolved via di-p-toluoyl-d/l-tartaric acid salts to transform to (+)- and (−)-1, respectively. We also demonstrated that one optically active salt of compound 2 was converted to optically active (+)-1 without chromatography purification.
Fiber-optic delay line devices for GigaHertz signal processing (2005)

Single mode optical fiber is an excellent delay medium for broadband signal processing because it exhibits extremely low loss and dispersion. Two new forms of a fiber delay line are presented, each capable of performing a variety of signal processing functions. In the macrobend tapped delay line, the optical signal is tapped by forming sharp bends in a fiber coil. A 16-tap device with 1 ns tap intervals has been demonstrated as a 1 Gb/s sequence generator and matched filter. A 19-tap device was demonstrated as a frequency filter with a fundamental passband at 1 GHz. The v-groove tapped delay line makes use of arrays of silicon v-grooves to precisely align and position an array of adjustable evanescently coupled fiber taps. A 4-tap v-groove device was used as a 500 Mb/s sequence generator and matched filter. A similar 7-tap device was demonstrated as a discretely variable delay line, and as a programmable filter whose fundamental passband could be varied in discrete steps from 69 MHz to 1.67 GHz. Both of the delay line designs presented appear to be extendable to include large numbers of closely spaced taps.
Predicting impact of multi-paths on phase change in map-based vehicular ad hoc networks (2014)

Dynamic Spectrum Access, which through its ability to adapt the operating frequency of a radio, is widely believed to be a solution to the limited spectrum problem. Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) can extend high capacity mobile communications over large areas where fixed and tethered-mobile systems are not available. In one use case with high potential impact cognitive radio employs spectrum sensing to facilitate identification of allocated frequencies not currently accessed by their primary users. Primary users own the rights to radiate at a specific frequency and geographic location, secondary users opportunistically attempt to radiate at a specific frequency when the primary user is not using it. We quantify optimal signal detection in map based cognitive radio networks with multiple rapidly varying phase changes and multiple orthogonal signals. Doppler shift occurs due to reflection, scattering, and rapid vehicle movement. Path propagation as well as vehicle movement produces either constructive or destructive interference with the incident wave. Our signal detection algorithms can assist the Doppler spread compensation algorithm by deciding how many phase changes in signals are present in a selected band of interest. Additionally we can populate a spatial radio environment map (REM) database with known information that can be leveraged in an ad hoc network to facilitate Dynamic Spectrum Access. We show how topography can help predict the impact of multi-paths on phase change, as well as about the prediction from dense traffic areas. Utilization of high resolution geospatial data layers in RF propagation analysis is directly applicable.
Long‐Term Outcomes of Pulmonary Vein Isolation in Patients With Brugada Syndrome and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation (2022)

Background Pharmacological treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the setting of Brugada syndrome (BrS) is challenging. In addition, patients with BrS with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) might experience inappropriate shocks for fast AF. Long-term outcome of pulmonary vein isolation in BrS has not been well established yet, and it is still unclear whether pulmonary vein triggers are the only pathophysiological mechanism of AF in BrS. The aim of the study is to assess the long-term outcomes in patients with BrS undergoing pulmonary vein isolation for paroxysmal AF compared with a matched cohort of patients without BrS. Methods and Results Sixty patients with BrS undergoing pulmonary vein isolation with cryoballoon catheter ablation for paroxysmal AF were matched with 60 patients without BrS, who underwent the same procedure. After a mean follow-up of 58.2±31.7 months, freedom from atrial tachyarrhythmias was achieved in 61.7% in the BrS group and in 78.3% in the non-BrS group (log-rank <i>P</i>=0.047). In particular, freedom from AF was 76.7% in the first group and in 83.3% in the second (<i>P</i>=0.27), while freedom from atrial tachycardia/atrial flutter was 85% and 95% (<i>P</i>=0.057). In the BrS group, 29 patients (48.3%) had an ICD and 8 (27.6%) had a previous ICD-inappropriate shock for fast AF. In the BrS cohort, ICD-inappropriate interventions for AF were significantly reduced after ablation (3.4% versus 27.6%; <i>P</i>=0.01). Conclusions Pulmonary vein isolation in patients with BrS was associated with higher rate of arrhythmic recurrence. Despite this, catheter ablation significantly reduced inappropriate ICD interventions in BrS patients and can be considered a therapeutic strategy to prevent inappropriate device therapies.
<title>Multiresolution regularized least squares image reconstruction based on wavelet in optical tomography</title> (1995)

In this paper, we present a wavelet based multigrid approach to solve the perturbation equation encountered in optical tomogrpahy. With this scheme, the unkown image, the data, as well as weight matrix are all represented by wavelet expansions, and thus yielding a multiresolution representation of the original perturbation equation in the wavelet domain. This transformed equation is then solved using multigrid scheme, by which an increasing portion of wavelet coefficients of the unknown image are solved in successive approximations. One can also quickly identify regions of interest from a coarse level reconstruction and restrict the reconstruction in the following fine resolutions to those regions. At each resolution level, a regularized least squares solution is obtained using a conjugate gradient descent method. Compared to a previously reported one grid algorithm, the multigrid method requires substantially shorter computation time under the same reconstruction quality criterion.
A critical review of modelling approaches for environmental risk assessment due to pesticides (2021)

Supplementary information linked to the paper in <em>Environmental Science and Pollution Research</em> entitled "A critical review of modelling approaches for environmental risk assessment due to pesticides".
O4‐02‐02: TAU ANTIBODY DERIVATIVES AS DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING AGENTS FOR TAUOPATHIES (2014)

Diagnostic imaging agents targeting amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) are already in clinical use. Such tau probes are needed to monitor AD progression, the efficacy of tau-targeting therapies, and to identify Aβ negative tauopathies. Antibody-derived ligands are likely to provide excellent specificity for detecting tau lesions, and in particular smaller single chain variable antibody fragments (scFv's) are attractive for in vivo imaging of tau aggregates. Libraries of scFv's were generated from tau antibody hybridomas using phage display technology. Numerous phospho-tau (P-Ser396,404) selective scFv's were identified by ELISA and characterized further by immunoprecipitation, histology and Biacore. Subsequently, the diagnostic imaging utility for tauopathies was assessed for one of the scFv's and compared to its parent antibody using In Vivo Imaging System (IVIS) for proof of concept prior to PET studies. The scFv's showed strong selectivity for phospho-tau vs. non-phospho-tau epitope in ELISA, pulled down tau proteins from AD brains, and bound to pathological tau in AD and Pick's disease brain sections. The potential diagnostic imaging utility of one of these, with the best phospho-tau selectivity on Biacore (1x10 -8 M vs. 4x10 -3 M for non-phospho-tau), was characterized further by IVIS. Intracarotid or intravenous scFv injection led to a strong IVIS brain signal in transgenic tauopathy mice, that correlated nicely with scFv signal from brain tissue (r=0.97, p<0.0001, n=9), and brain tau pathology (r=0.94, p<0.0001, n=13). Importantly, limited signal was detected in wild-type mice. Similar findings were observed with the parent antibody (r=0.86, p=0.1, n=5 vs. r=0.75, p<0.062, n=11), although its IVIS signal appeared to be less but these differences need to be confirmed by comparing both probes in the same mice. Analyses of brain tissue collected 4-6 h after injection showed a partial to complete co-localization with stained intraneuronal tau aggregates in tg tauopathy mice but not in wt mice for both scFv and its parent antibody. Furthermore, both colocalized with markers of endosomes-autophagosomes-lysosomes, which are known to contain tau aggregates, suggesting that this interaction takes place in these degradation pathways. Tau scFv's are promising as novel diagnostic markers for AD and related tauopathies, and have therapeutic potential as well.
Supplementary Figure S1 from First-in-Human Study of Utomilumab, a 4-1BB/CD137 Agonist, in Combination with Rituximab in Patients with Follicular and Other CD20<sup>+</sup> Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Levels of soluble 4-1BB/CD137 and (B) changes in CD8+ T cells from Cycle 1 day 1, in individual patients by dose group.&lt;/p&gt;
Multiple membrane transport systems for the uptake of folate-based thymidylate synthase inhibitors. (1990)

N10-Propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB3717) and 2-desamino-2-methyl-N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (ICI-198,583) are potent folate-based inhibitors of thymidylate synthase. We studied the membrane transport and the growth-inhibitory effects of the two thymidylate synthase inhibitors on human CCRF-CEM leukemia cells with different transport properties for folic acid, reduced folates, and methotrexate (MTX). Membrane transport of [3H]ICI-198,583 can proceed via the high affinity/low capacity reduced folate carrier as supported by findings that (a) uptake of [3H]ICI-198,583 was significantly impaired in CEM cells which have a transport defect for MTX, (b) variants of CEM cells which overproduce the reduced folate carrier system showed a concomitant increase in the uptake of [3H]ICI-198,583 as for [3H]MTX, (c) MTX inhibited transport of [3H]ICI-198,583, and (d) uptake of [3H]ICI-198,583 was inhibited after treatment of CEM cells with an N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of MTX, which is a potent inhibitor of MTX transport. However, a membrane-associated folate-binding protein (FBP) offers another route for entry of CB3717 and ICI-198,583. CEM-FBP cells that have an elevated amount of FBP and do not have a functional reduced folate carrier were 640- and 61-fold more sensitive to CB3717 and ICI-198,583, respectively, compared to control CEM cells expressing the reduced folate/MTX carrier. This high sensitivity was related to a high affinity of the FBP for CB3717 and ICI-198,583 (Kd 2-3 nM), which is only 3-fold lower than for folic acid (Kd 1 nM) but significantly higher than for MTX (Kd 100 nM). Furthermore, after incubation of CEM-FBP cells for 24 h at 10 nM [3H]ICI-198,583, the high affinity binding of the FBP for ICI-198,583 allowed a 600-fold concentrative uptake of [3H]ICI-198,583 and its conversion to polyglutamate forms. These results indicate that multiple folate transport systems may be involved in the uptake of folate-based thymidylate synthase inhibitors.
Lanthanide–corrole conjugates (2013)

Ditopic corroles with lanthanide-binding motifs were prepared and shown to be dual-range emitters, in the visible and near-IR, in ambient conditions.
Statistical Shape and Alignment Modeling of the Lumbar Spine (2013)

The mechanics of the lumbar spine are dependent on the morphology of the vertebral bodies and their alignment. As intersubject anatomic variability is significant, this paper developed a method to characterize shape and alignment variability in the lumbar spine using statistical shape modeling techniques. The primary modes of variation between subjects were sagittal plane curvature of the spine and height of the discs. Quantifying the biomechanical variation of the lumbar spine across the population facilitates designers and clinicians in making informed decisions regarding implant sizing and component placement.
Numerical modeling of beam-environment interactions in the PEP-II B-Factory (1997)

The PEP-II B-Factory [1] is designed to operate at high currents with many bunches (1658) to achieve the luminosity required for physics studies. Interactions of a beam with its environment in a storage ring raise various issues of concern for accelerator physics, mechanical design and device performance. First, for accelerator physics, wakefields generated by interactions of a beam with beamline components, if not properly controlled, will drive single-bunch and coupled-bunch instabilities [2]. The total broad-band impedance of the ring cannot exceed a budget limited by single-bunch effects. The growth rate of a coupled-bunch mode contributed from narrow-band impedance should be smaller than the damping rate due to synchrotron radiation; otherwise, suppression by feedback control will be necessary. Second, the energy loss by a beam at a beamline component in the form of higher-order-mode (HOM) power leads to additional heating on the component, and to TE mode radiation through openings on vacuum chamber walls. Last, calculations of transfer and beam impedances of pickup and kicker devices are essential for improving their performance and for identifying trapped modes. To address these issues quantitatively requires numerical simulations of each beamline component which include the realistic geometry and the relevant physics involved in the particular beam-environment interactions.
ConTrack: Contextual Transformer for Device Tracking in X-ray (2023)

Device tracking is an important prerequisite for guidance during endovascular procedures. Especially during cardiac interventions, detection and tracking of guiding the catheter tip in 2D fluoroscopic images is important for applications such as mapping vessels from angiography (high dose with contrast) to fluoroscopy (low dose without contrast). Tracking the catheter tip poses different challenges: the tip can be occluded by contrast during angiography or interventional devices; and it is always in continuous movement due to the cardiac and respiratory motions. To overcome these challenges, we propose ConTrack, a transformer-based network that uses both spatial and temporal contextual information for accurate device detection and tracking in both X-ray fluoroscopy and angiography. The spatial information comes from the template frames and the segmentation module: the template frames define the surroundings of the device, whereas the segmentation module detects the entire device to bring more context for the tip prediction. Using multiple templates makes the model more robust to the change in appearance of the device when it is occluded by the contrast agent. The flow information computed on the segmented catheter mask between the current and the previous frame helps in further refining the prediction by compensating for the respiratory and cardiac motions. The experiments show that our method achieves 45% or higher accuracy in detection and tracking when compared to state-of-the-art tracking models.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon‐Carbon Bond Formation from Small‐ and Medium‐Ring Lactol Acetates via Radical and Oxonium Ion Intermediates. Synthesis of (.+‐.) ‐Laurenan. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Diastereodivergent and Enantioselective Approach to syn- and anti-Diamines: Development of 2-Azatrienes for Cu-Catalyzed Reductive Couplings with Imines that Furnish Allylic Amines (2021)

We introduce a new reagent class, 2-azatrienes, as a platform for catalytic enantioselective synthesis of allylic amines. Herein, we demonstrate their promise by diasteredivergent and enantioselective synthesis of <i>syn</i>- and <i>anti</i>-1,2-diamines by Cu-bis(phosphine)-catalyzed reductive couplings with imines. With Ph-BPE, <i>anti</i>-diamines are obtained, and with the rarely utilized t-Bu-BDPP, <i>syn</i>-diamines are generated.<br />
Supervised particle filter for tracking 2D human pose in monocular video (2011)

In this paper, we propose a hybrid method that combines supervised learning and particle filtering to track the 2D pose of a human subject in monocular video sequences. Our approach, which we call a supervised particle filter method, consists of two steps: the training step and the tracking step. In the training step, we use a supervised learning method to train the regressors that take the silhouette descriptors as input and produce the 2D poses as output. In the tracking step, the output pose estimated from the regressors is combined with the particle filter to track the 2D pose in each video frame. Unlike the particle filter, our method does not require any manual initialization. We have tested our approach using the HumanEva video datasets and compared it with the standard particle filter and 2D pose estimation on individual frames. Our experimental results show that our approach can successfully track the pose over long video sequences and that it gives more accurate 2D human pose tracking than the particle filter and 2D pose estimation.
Frameless Patient Tracking With Adhesive Optical Skin Markers for Augmented Reality Surgical Navigation in Spine Surgery (2020)

3.