gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrospinning of Syndiotactic Polypropylene from a Polymer Solution at Ambient Temperatures (2009)

A syndiotactic polypropylene (sPP) fibrous membrane was successfully prepared from a multicomponent solvent system at room temperature. As demonstrated by SEM, the morphology of sPP was strongly dependent upon the environment, especially the ambient temperature during electrospinning. The crystal structure of electrospun sPP fibers exhibits a mixture of forms I and III, as determined by WAXD. It is hypothesized that the less stable form III crystals with trans-planar chains are induced in the electrospun sPP fibers due to rapid, stress-induced crystallization during the electrospinning process. To confirm the existence of a trans-planar conformation, FT-IR and Raman were employed. However, it was found that form I is the dominant crystal structure in electrospun sPP fibers.
An integrated approach for design, ultraprecision polishing, and measurement of freeform progressive lenses (2012)

The importance of presbyopia is that it affects 100% of people at their late adulthood and it starts to show up at 40s. The market for high quality progressive lenses is very large. There is a growing need for freeform progressive lenses with a small interval of degree to provide a clear and comfortable intermediate vision for presbyopic patients. Due to the lack of adequate design and manufacturing capability, most of the freeform progressive lenses are designed and imported from overseas at a high price and with long delivery time. This paper presents an integrated approach for supporting design, fabrication and measurement of freeform progressive lenses. A prototype of an integrated system has been developed based on key technologies including an advanced optics design method, computer controlled ultra-precision polishing (CCUP), precision injection moulding, as well as a new freeform surface characterization method. A prototype system has been built and experimental verified successfully through a series of experiments. Successful development of the system will provide an important means for optometry research of freeform progressive lenses.
Mechanism of agonism and antagonism of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum sensing regulator QscR with non‐native ligands (2018)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that uses the process of quorum sensing (QS) to coordinate the expression of many virulence genes. During quorum sensing, N-acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules regulate the activity of three LuxR-type transcription factors, LasR, RhlR and QscR. To better understand P. aeruginosa QS signal reception, we examined the mechanism underlying the response of QscR to synthetic agonists and antagonists using biophysical and structural approaches. The structure of QscR bound to a synthetic agonist reveals a novel mode of ligand binding supporting a general mechanism for agonist activity. In turn, antagonists of QscR with partial agonist activity were found to destabilize and greatly impair QscR dimerization and DNA binding. These results highlight the diversity of LuxR-type receptor responses to small molecule agonists and antagonists and demonstrate the potential for chemical strategies for the selective targeting of individual QS systems.
Ultra-low series resistance W/ErSi<inf>2</inf>/n<sup>+</sup>-Si and W/Pd<inf>2</inf>Si/p<sup>+</sup>-Si S/D electrodes for advanced CMOS platform (2010)

A formation technology of ultra-low series resistance CMOS source/drain (S/D) electrodes is developed. The silicide/silicon contact resistivity (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) of 8.0×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> Ω·cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the electrode's sheet resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sheet</sub> ) of less than 5.0 Ω/□ are achieved for both n- and pMOS using W/ErSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and W/Pd <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Si metal stacked silicide structures. For the first time, FD-SOI CMOS with the developed S/D electrodes was fabricated and the ring oscillator speed performance was evaluated.
Robot-based Tele-Echography: the TER system (2003)

This paper presents a master-slave robotized system enabling a remote echographic diagnosis. The expert holds a virtual probe placed on a haptic device; he moves this virtual probe in order to control the motion of the real probe positioned on the body of the patient located remotely. The real probe is placed on a lightweight and user-friendly slave robot and moved by it. The contact force between the probe and the patient is fed back to the operator allowing him to have a haptic virtual environment. The aim of this haptic control is to preserve the medical expert proprioception in order to the facilitate hand-eye coordination necessary to echographic examination. In this paper we present the architecture of the system and experimental results.
‘No Touch’ Vitals: A Pilot Study of Non-contact Vital Signs Acquisition in Exercising Volunteers (2018)

Accurate non-contact acquisition of patient vital signs will advance emergency care. In order to assess promising candidate technologies., an observational study was conducted with healthy volunteers to test two hypotheses: 1. Video photoplethysmography and motion analysis (vPPG-MA) and infrared thermography (IR) will accurately and concurrently measure heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), and body temperature, respectively. 2. Non-contact approaches will exhibit comparable and reliable performance against standard contact cardiorespiratory monitors (CM). HR and RR were measured with CM and vPPG-MA; core and surface temperatures were obtained using oral thermometry and two IR cameras, respectively. Subjects were videorecorded at rest; during sustained exercise at 50%, 60%, and 70% of age-predicted maximum HR; and 1, 3, and 5 min post-exertion. vPPG-MA HR and RR measurements were calculated for video segments corresponding to ED use-cases: Triage (unprimed) 30s check, Routine 30s check, Abbreviated “Spot” 10s check, and Full 60s check. Descriptive statistics and Bland-Altman analyses were performed on vPPG-MA and IR measurements against synchronous CM measurements. Thirty volunteers exhibited a HR range of 43-146bpm, a RR range of 8-29bpm, and an oral temperature range of 96.2-99.5°F on CM. vPPG-MA obtained 972 (98.2% of scheduled) HR and 591 (98.5%) RR measurements; mean differences between Full 60s vPPG-MA and CM were -0.9±5.5bpm (-0.9±5.3%; 95% CI: -11.6-9.8bpm) for HR, and 0.9±3.1bpm (4.8±17.6%; -5.1-6.9bpm) for RR; other video segments performed similarly. IR acquired temperatures ~4°F lower than oral thermometers. vPPG-MA and IR thermography successfully measured select vital signs concurrently. vPPG-MA`s observed level of agreement with CM, along with temperature offsets identified for IR-based thermometry, have set the foundation for live ED clinical studies.
Optimized and Parallelized Processing Order for Improved Frequency Selective Signal Extrapolation (2022)

In the recent years, multi-core processor designs have found their way into many computing devices. To exploit the capabilities of such devices in the best possible way, signal processing algorithms have to be adapted to an operation in parallel tasks. In this contribution an optimized processing order is proposed for Frequency Selective Extrapolation, a powerful signal extrapolation algorithm. Using this optimized order, the extrapolation can be carried out in parallel. The algorithm scales very good, resulting in an acceleration of a factor of up to 7.7 for an eight core computer. Additionally, the optimized processing order aims at reducing the propagation of extrapolation errors over consecutive losses. Thus, in addition to the acceleration, a visually noticeable improvement in quality of up to 0.5 dB PSNR can be achieved.
Abstract 18655: Lung Stem Cells and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2016)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by chronic inflammation, enlargement of bronchioles and alveoli, destruction of the alveolar walls, and ultimately respiratory failure....
Matching Mind and Method (2023)

Digital companions shall augment complex human processes like extensive decision-making. However, their acceptance may depend upon their ability to adapt to individuals’ psychological states and preferred decision strategies. Regulatory Mode Theory divides human self-regulation into assessment (i.e., making comparisons) and locomotion (i.e., movement from state to state). These regulatory modes are more or less compatible with different decision strategies. In an experimental study (N=81, 2x2-between-subjects design) we explored whether digital companions can gain higher acceptance by considering these compatibilities. Participants were confronted with a decision task. The assisting digital companion first induced a regulatory mode (assessment vs. locomotion) and subsequently presented information according to one of two decision strategies (full evaluation vs. progressive elimination). We show that a fit between regulatory mode and decision strategy (assessment/full evaluation or locomotion/progressive elimination) leads to a favorable evaluation of decisions and the digital companion. No differences regarding decision accuracy and speed were observed.
Intracluster Ion Molecule Reactions Following the Generation of Mg+ Within Polar Clusters (2011)

In this work we investigated the intracluster ion molecule reactions following the generation of Mg(+) within the polar clusters (water, methanol, ether and acetonitrile), using time of flight mass spectrometry. In the case of Mg(+)/water and Mg(+)/methanol, dehydrogenation reactions are observed after the addition of five molecules. However, no dehydrogenation reactions are observed in the case of Mg(+)/ether or Mg(+)/acetonitrile clusters. This confirms the role of the H atom in (O-H) in the dehydrogenation reaction, and rules out any contribution from the H atom in the CH(3) group. In addition, the magic numbers in the time of flight (TOF) mass spectra of the Mg(+)X(n) clusters (X = H(2)O, CH(3)OH, CH(3)OCH(3) and CH(3)CN) have been investigated. Finally, the role of ground electronic magnesium ion Mg(+)((2)S(1/2)), and excited electronic magnesium ion Mg(+)((2)P(1/2)) in the dehydrogenation reaction were investigated using Ion Mobility Mass spectrometry. The results offer direct evidence confirming the absence of the electronically excited, Mg(+)((2)P(1/2)).
Surface Passivation of c-Si Textured Wafers for a-Si:H/c-Si Heterojunction Solar Cells: Correlation Between Lifetime Tests and Cell Performance of a Pilot Line (2011)

Surface passivation tests by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (PECVD a-Si:H) films were performed on textured n-type crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers to monitor a heterojunction (HJ) pilot line. For our deposition recipe of intrinsic a-Si:H, an optimal thickness of about 20 to 40 nm was found to insure good sensitivity of the test. Using 40 nm films, implied open circuit voltage (Voc) up to 740 mV and effective surface recombination velocity (S) down to 8 cm.s-1, as measured at one sun by quasi-stady state photo conductivity decay have been obtained using RCA&amp;HF or O3&amp;HF -based cleaning sequences. This high level of surface passivation allowed a better than 19% conversion efficiency baseline of HJ cells (20.5% best cell, 148 cm2). Regarding the HJ line monitoring by passivation tests, a correlation between Voc and S of control wafers and cell performance was found, despite the other process steps than the wet ones impact the performance. This allows, especially for c-Si bulk quality, some prediction of cell performance and troubleshooting actions on the wet equipments.
High-speed nano-optical photodetector for free space communication (2007)

An inexpensive, easily integrated, sensitive photoreceiver operating in the communications band with a 50-GHz bandwidth would revolutionize the free-space communication industry. While generation of 50-GHz carrier AM or FM signals is not difficult, its reception and heterodyning require specific, known technologies, generally based on silicon semiconductors. We present a 50 GHz photoreceiver that exceeds the capabilities of current devices. The proposed photoreceiver is based on a technology we call Nanodust. This new technology enables nano-optical photodetectors to be directly embedded in silicon matrices, or into CMOS reception/heterodyning circuits. Photoreceivers based on Nanodust technology can be designed to operate in any spectral region, the most important to date being the telecommunications band near 1.55 micrometers. Unlike current photodetectors that operate in this spectral region, Nanodust photodetectors can be directly integrated with standard CMOS and silicon-based circuitry. Nanodust technology lends itself well to normal-incidence signal reception, significantly increasing the reception area without compromising the bandwidth. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated a free-space responsivity of 50 &mgr;A/(W/cm<sup>2</sup>), nearly an order of magnitude greater than that offered by current 50-GHz detectors. We expect to increase the Nanodust responsivity significantly in upcoming experiments.
Critical assessment of R410A alternatives for mini-split air conditioners in the Egyptian market (2023)

In this study, the potential implementation of three different low-GWP refrigerants (R32, R452B, and R454B) as replacements for R410A was investigated. The study was performed using a simulation tool developed by the authors called RACHP-Lab, which is a vapor compression system simulation tool developed based on physics-based simulation for typical mini-split air conditioners. The simulation study was carried out and validated using experimental performance data of 10 different air conditioning units available in the Egyptian market. The units included fixed-speed or variable-speed compressors and operated in cooling or heating modes. Drop-in replacement with the new refrigerants was carried out. For R32, the capacity increased between 4.9% and 13% for cooling cases, and 6.3% and 12.4% for heating cases. However, COP did not improve in all cases. For R452B and R454B with direct replacement, the capacity nearly remained the same, with an increase of COP between 1.6% and 8.0%. Soft optimization was also conducted on cooling cases where compressor suction superheat, condenser subcooling, and compressor volumetric speed were optimized to maximize COP while maintaining the original capacity of R410A. R32 showed an improvement of COP over R410A between 4.6% and 15.5%, while for R452B and R454B between 2.2% and 13.2%.
Construction of molecular devices using the template concept (1998)

A symposium report on the construction of regioselectively addressable functionalized template (RAFT) mols., e.g. I [R = Me3CO2C (Boc); R1 = H2C:CHCH2O2C (Alloc)], as conformationally stable cyclopeptide scaffolds in which lysine side chains point to opposite side of the template backbone. Chimeric mol. I [R = H-His, R1 = S(CH2)10CO] was prepd. and complexed to Zn2+, Cu2+, and attached to a gold surface. [on SciFinder (R)]
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted (.+‐.)‐3,4‐Dihydrocoumarins Using H‐Y Zeolite. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Is the Nobel Prize good for science? (2013)

The Nobel Prize is arguably the best known and most prestigious award in science. Here we review the effect of the Nobel Prize and acknowledge that it has had many beneficial effects on science. However, ever since its inaugural year in 1901, the Nobel Prize has also been beset by controversy, mostly involving the selection of certain individuals and the exclusion of others. In this regard, the Nobel Prize epitomizes the winner-takes-all economics of credit allocation and distorts the history of science by personalizing discoveries that are truly made by groups of individuals. The limitation of the prize to only 3 individuals at a time when most scientific discovery is the result of collaborative and cooperative research is arguably the major cause of Nobel Prize controversies. A simple solution to this problem would be to eliminate the restriction on the number of individuals who could be awarded the prize, a measure that would recognize all who contribute, from students to senior investigators. There is precedent for such a change in the Nobel Peace Prize, which has often gone to organizations. Changing the Nobel Prize to more fairly allocate credit would reduce the potential for controversy and directly benefit the scientific enterprise by promoting cooperation and collaboration of scientists within a field to reduce the negative consequences of competition between individual scientists.
Differential flatness and cooperative tracking in the Lorenz system (2004)

In this paper the control of the Lorenz system for stabilization and tracking problems is studied via feedback linearization and differential flatness. By using the Rayleigh number as the control, only variable physically tunable, a barrier in the controllability of the system is incidentally imposed. This is reflected in the appearance of a singularity in the state transformation. Composite controllers that overcome this difficulty are designed and evaluated. The transition through the manifold defined by such a singularity is achieved by inducing a chaotic response within a boundary layer that contains it. Outside this region, a conventional feedback nonlinear control is applied. In addition, the differential parametrization of the problem is used to make the system track nonlinear functions of one state variable (single tracking) as well as several state variables (cooperative tracking). Control tasks that lead to integrable and non-integrable differential equations for the nominal flat output in steady-state are considered. In particular, a novel numerical strategy to deal with the non-integrable case is proposed.
Case Study 3: Fragment Hopping to Design Highly Potent and Selective Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Fragment-Based Drug Design Minimal Pharmacophoric Elements and Fragment Hopping Fragment Hopping to Design Novel Inhibitors for Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Fragment Hopping to Optimize Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors Application of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitors to the Prevention of Cerebral Palsy
A robust protocol for regional evaluation of methacholine challenge in mouse models of allergic asthma using hyperpolarized 3He MRI (2015)

The Expression of Concern has been agreed because, while the primary MRI study reported was conducted appropriately, the data used to calculate the in vivo pulmonary mechanics and bronchoalveolar lavage of this article were inconsistent and could not be traced back to their source. As a result the accuracy of Fig. The primary conclusions of the paper are unaffected.
Switching from ⟨110⟩ to ⟨100⟩ orientation increases both the on current and off current of p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor transistors (2008)

If the on current of p-channel metal-oxide semiconductor (PMOS) transistors fabricated on (100) silicon substrate can be easily increased by switching from ⟨110⟩ to ⟨100⟩ orientation because of faster hole transport in the “on state,” it is natural to expect that this switching can also increase the off current because of faster hole transport in the “off state.” Indeed we managed to observe this experimentally for relatively long PMOS transistors. In this letter, we will also show that there is an overall performance improvement in PMOS transistors despite the increase in both on current and off current.
Suppression of gastric cancer cell growth by targeting the β‐catenin/T‐cell factor pathway (2006)

Selective targeting of gastric cancer cells with the activated beta-catenin pathway may be a novel and effective therapy in gastric cancer. Combination of this gene-therapy approach with standard therapy may improve efficacy and reduce toxicity.
Design and Optimization Methods of the Header of HDI PCB Rogowski Current Sensors (2022)

Printed circuit board (PCB)-based headers of Rogowski current sensors (HRCSs) have garnered growing interest from researchers in recent years, and they have been widely applied in many electrical scenarios due to their advanced features, such as nondeformable volume, flexible shape and size, and low cost. The determination of PCB HRCS parameters mainly depends on a time-consuming finite-element simulation, but these simulations cannot be used to calculate PCB HRCSs with a complex irregular structure or high-density thin winding wire. This article presents a method to calculate a PCB HRCS to address complex irregular structures and high-density thin winding wire. Furthermore, because it does not involve the time-consuming meshing process, this method is relatively fast. Taking two HRCSs with a given complex structure and thin winding wire as examples, we used the proposed method to determine its sensitivity, anti-interference characteristics, and the influence of the obtained internal parasitic capacitance and inductance parameters on the measured output voltage. Moreover, the optimal structural parameters of these PCB HRCSs are discussed when the installation space and the cross section of the measured conductor are given. The results of the high-density PCB HRCS experiments verify the proposed method.
Controlling optical properties of a novel light‐modulation device consisting of colored N‐isopropylacrylamide gel particles dispersed in a poly(vinyl alcohol) solution (2006)

Abstract The optical properties of a novel light modulator consisting of colored particles of N ‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) gel, a well‐known thermoresponsive gel, dispersed in an aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solution were examined. The performance of the light modulator was mainly defined by two factors: the NIPAM gel properties and device compositions. The NIPAM gel properties included the amount of the volume change, the volume‐change temperature, and the pigment concentration in the NIPAM gels. The larger the volume change was of the NIPAM gel particles, the wider the transmittance change became. The color‐change temperature was controlled by the manipulation of the volume‐change temperature of the NIPAM gels with the addition of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The volume‐change temperature of the NIPAM gels became higher with an increasing concentration of SDS. The pigment concentration also had a significant effect. The higher the pigment concentration was in the NIPAM gels, the wider the breadth of the transmittance changes became. This occurred because, in the case of low pigment concentrations, absorbed water diluted the pigment, and this led to low absorption at each NIPAM gel particle. The properties of light modulation could also be controlled by the composition of the light‐modulation layer. The two main parameters were the concentration of the gel particles in the layer and the thickness of the layer. The transmittance of the light modulators decreased as the thickness and/or concentration of the gel particles increased. Light modulators with various colors were obtained with NIPAM gel particles containing pigments of different colors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 362–368, 2006