gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 on lifespan of rodents (2011)

The effect of the mitochondria-targeted, plastoquinone-containing antioxidant SkQ1 on the lifespan of outbred mice and of three strains of inbred mice was studied. To this end, low pathogen (LP) or specific pathogen free (SPF) vivaria in St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Stockholm were used. For comparison, we also studied mole-voles and dwarf hamsters, two wild species of small rodents kept under simulated natural conditions. It was found that substitution of a LP vivarium for a conventional (non-LP) one doubled the lifespan of female outbred mice, just as SkQ1 did in a non-LP vivarium. SkQ1 prevented age-dependent disappearance of estrous cycles of outbred mice in both LP and non-LP vivaria. In the SPF vivarium in Moscow, male BALB/c mice had shorter lifespan than females, and SkQ1 increased their lifespan to the values of the females. In the females, SkQ1 retarded development of such trait of aging as heart mass increase. Male C57Bl/6 mice housed individually in the SPF vivarium in Stockholm lived as long as females. SkQ1 increased the male lifespan, the longevity of the females being unchanged. SkQ1 did not change food intake by these mice. Dwarf hamsters and mole-voles kept in outdoor cages or under simulated natural conditions lived longer if treated with SkQ1. The effect of SkQ1 on longevity of females is assumed to mainly be due to retardation of the age-linked decline of the immune system. For males under LP or SPF conditions, SkQ1 increased the lifespan, affecting also some other system(s) responsible for aging.
Reducing computational complexity of eigenvalue based spectrum sensing for cognitive radio (2013)

Spectrum sensing of primary users under very low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and noise uncertainty is crucial for cognitive radio (CR) systems. To overcome the drawbacks of weak signal and noise uncertainty, eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing methods have been proposed for advanced CRs. However, one pressing disadvantage of eigenvalue-based spectrum sensing algorithms is their high computational complexity, which is due to the calculation of the covariance matrix and its eigenvalues. In this study, power, inverse power and fast Cholesky methods for eigenvalue computation are investigated as potential methods for reducing the computational complexity.
Average Case Analysis of Multichannel Sparse Recovery Using Convex Relaxation (2010)

This paper considers recovery of jointly sparse multichannel signals from incomplete measurements. Several approaches have been developed to recover the unknown sparse vectors from the given observations, including thresholding, simultaneous orthogonal matching pursuit (SOMP), and convex relaxation based on a mixed matrix norm. Typically, worst case analysis is carried out in order to analyze conditions under which the algorithms are able to recover any jointly sparse set of vectors. However, such an approach is not able to provide insights into why joint sparse recovery is superior to applying standard sparse reconstruction methods to each channel individually. Previous work considered an average case analysis of thresholding and SOMP by imposing a probability model on the measured signals. Here, the main focus is on analysis of convex relaxation techniques. In particular, the mixed <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2,1</sub> approach to multichannel recovery is investigated. Under a very mild condition on the sparsity and on the dictionary characteristics, measured for example by the coherence, it is shown that the probability of recovery failure decays exponentially in the number of channels. This demonstrates that most of the time, multichannel sparse recovery is indeed superior to single channel methods. The probability bounds are valid and meaningful even for a small number of signals. Using the tools developed to analyze the convex relaxation technique, also previous bounds for thresholding and SOMP recovery are tightened.
Immunogenicity and protective efficacy induced by self-amplifying mRNA vaccines encoding bacterial antigens (2016)

Nucleic acid vaccines represent an attractive approach to vaccination, combining the positive attributes of both viral vectors and live-attenuated vaccines, without the inherent limitations of each technology. We have developed a novel technology, the Self-Amplifying mRNA (SAM) platform, which is based on the synthesis of self-amplifying mRNA formulated and delivered as a vaccine. SAM vaccines have been shown to stimulate robust innate and adaptive immune responses in small animals and non-human primates against a variety of viral antigens, thus representing a safe and versatile tool against viral infections. To assess whether the SAM technology could be used for a broader range of targets, we investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of SAM vaccines expressing antigens from Group A (GAS) and Group B (GBS) Streptococci, as models of bacterial pathogens. Two prototype bacterial antigens (the double-mutated GAS Streptolysin-O (SLOdm) and the GBS pilus 2a backbone protein (BP-2a)) were successfully expressed by SAM vectors. Mice immunized with both vaccines produced significant amounts of fully functional serum antibodies. The antibody responses generated by SAM vaccines were capable of conferring consistent protection in murine models of GAS and GBS infections. Inclusion of a eukaryotic secretion signal or boosting with the recombinant protein resulted in higher specific-antibody levels and protection. Our results support the concept of using SAM vaccines as potential solution for a wide range of both viral and bacterial pathogens, due to the versatility of the manufacturing processes and the broad spectrum of elicited protective immune response.
Relaxation between closely spaced electronic levels of rare-earth ions doped in nanocrystals embedded in glass (2002)

The relaxation between closely spaced (separation \ensuremath{\sim}10 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) electronic levels of rare-earth ions doped in insulating nanocrystals (size 10--25 nm) embedded in glass is studied by time-resolved fluorescence and fluorescence line narrowing techniques. For particle sizes below 25 nm the relaxation rate increases with a decrease in particle size. The increased relaxation rate is explained by the interaction of the electronic states of rare-earth ions in nanocrystals with the vibrational excitations of the surrounding glass medium and with mixed vibrational modes of the nanocrystallites and the glass. The possibility for the use of rare-earth doped nanocrystals as a probe of the dynamical processes in glass is discussed.
Perturbation of tunneling processes by mechanical degrees of freedom in mesoscopic junctions (1995)

We investigate the perturbation in the tunneling current caused by nonadiabatic mechanical motion in a mesoscopic tunnel junction. A theory introduced by Caroli et al. is used to evaluate second-order self-energy corrections for this nonequilibrium situation lacking translational invariance. Inelastic signatures of the mechanical degrees of freedom are found in the current-voltage I(V) characteristics. These give rise to sharp features in the derivative spectrum, ${\mathit{d}}^{2}$I/${\mathit{dV}}^{2}$.
How the distribution of superchannel size affects the effectiveness of the elastic WDM CONUS network (2015)

By planning the CONUS WDM network featuring elastic Nyquist superchannels, we discuss why the distribution of their number of subcarriers can impact the insertion/extraction of traffic and the optimization of their WDM transmission.
Developing a Model for Grain Refinement in Equal-Channel Angular Pressing (2006)

It is now recognized that processing by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) leads to very significant grain refinement in polycrystalline materials with the as-pressed grains typically having sizes within the submicrometer range. Furthermore, the materials produced by ECAP exhibit many useful properties including a high strength at ambient temperatures and, if these ultrafine grains are retained to elevated temperatures, a potential for superplastic forming. This paper examines the fundamental characteristics of grain refinement by making use of two sets of experimental observations: experimental data obtained from the pressing of aluminum single crystals through one pass of ECAP and hardness measurements taken on polycrystalline aluminum for samples subjected to ECAP for up to a total of eight passes. These experimental results are used to develop a microstructural model that provides a satisfactory explanation for the grain refinement occurring in ECAP.
Facilitated Loading of Horizontal Gels Using a Capillary Comb Loader (2003)

Manual loading of samples into horizontal gels, such as the agarose gels commonly used for DNA fragment sizing and quantification, is laborious and prone to errors. Manual-loading times for highthroughput gels can reach 10 min/gel, and human error can result in incorrect identification of samples because of reverse loading or other errors in the loading process. To reduce gel-loading times and to improve reliability, a novel comb has been developed that uses glass capillaries and hydrostatic pressure to simplify sample loading from microplates. Accurate sample metering is ensured by the uniform length and volume of the capillaries. The loaded comb is placed in the gel boat over a pre-cast agarose gel, and buffer is added to a reservoir at the top of the comb. Once the buffer rises over the ends of the capillaries, the samples are pushed into the wells by hydrostatic pressure. This technique was successfully demonstrated for a 24-lane comb. This capillary comb loader reduces loading time, maintains well-to-well uniformity, and retains the same geometry and appearance of manually loaded bands, making this loading method compatible with existing downstream processes and software for subsequent analysis of the gel image.
Foveal Crowding Resolved (2018)

Crowding is the substantial interference of neighboring items on target identification. Crowding with letter stimuli has been studied primarily in the visual periphery, with conflicting results for foveal stimuli. While a cortical locus for peripheral crowding is well established (with a large spatial extent up to half of the target eccentricity), disentangling the contributing factors in the fovea is more challenging due to optical limitations. Here, we used adaptive optics (AO) to overcome ocular aberrations and employed high-resolution stimuli to precisely characterize foveal lateral interactions with high-contrast letters flanked by letters. Crowding was present, with a maximal edge-to-edge interference zone of 0.75-1.3 minutes at typical unflanked performance levels. In agreement with earlier foveal contour interaction studies, performance was non-monotonic, revealing a recovery effect with proximal flankers. Modeling revealed that the deleterious effects of flankers can be described by a single function across stimulus sizes when the degradation is expressed as a reduction in sensitivity (expressed in Z-score units). The recovery, however, did not follow this pattern, likely reflecting a separate mechanism. Additional analysis reconciles multiple results from the literature, including the observed scale invariance of center-to-center spacing, as well as the size independence of edge-to-edge spacing.
A Hybrid Approach to Scalable and Robust Spoken Language Understanding in Enterprise Virtual Agents (2021)

Ryan Price, Mahnoosh Mehrabani, Narendra Gupta, Yeon-Jun Kim, Shahab Jalalvand, Minhua Chen, Yanjie Zhao, Srinivas Bangalore. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies: Industry Papers. 2021.
Reconfigurable switching of orbital-angular-momentum-based free-space data channels (2013)

Light beams can carry orbital angular momentum (OAM) such that a helical phase front twists along the direction of propagation. OAM beams have been demonstrated in a wide variety of applications and have been found to offer a new orthogonal degree of freedom for multiplexing independent data streams for high-capacity point-to-point optical communications. However, to enable their efficient use in reconfigurable networks, approaches must be developed to manipulate OAM beams. We demonstrate OAM-based reconfigurable optical switching functions among multiple OAM beams. Selective data switching among three 100 Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying OAM channels was achieved with a 2.1 dB optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty. The scheme of selective OAM-beam manipulation can be potentially cascaded to realize an arbitrary n×n switching function.
Large-size single crystal growth of Pr:Lu<inf>3</inf>Al<inf>5</inf>O<inf>12</inf> and uniformity of its scintillation properties (2009)

Pr:LuAG crystals possess interesting properties such as high density, high light yield, and very fast 5d-4f emission decay time. Recently, we developed a Pr:LuAG single crystal with a diameter of 92 mm for scintillator applications such as medical imaging. In this study, Pr-doped Lu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> 0 <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> (Pr:LuAG) single crystals with a diameter of 92 mm were grown by means of the Czochralski method; a body length of up to 100 mm was achieved. Scintillation light yield of Pr:LuAG was more than 2.8 times higher than the standard Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> (BGO) sample. Using 2.45 mm ×5.1 mm ×15 mm size sample coupled with photomultiplier (Hamamatsu H7195), energy resolution was 7.1% at 662 keV in average. The standard deviation of the light yield and the energy resolution was around 5.4% and 9.5% along the longitudinal direction of the grown crystal, respectively.
Investigation of a Low L/D Inlet Duct: Modeling, Estimator Design and Sensor Placement (2010)

In this paper , we investigate a very aggressive (length to exit diameter ratio, L/D, of 1.5) inlet duct. We identify a low-order nonlinear model by using Numerical Algorithms for State Space Subspace System Identification (N4SID), based on 2D numerical flow simulation data, at an inlet Mach number of 0.43. The identified model successfully predicts the spatially-averaged pressure recovery along the centerline at the Aerodynamic Interface Plane (AIP) for di erent levels of actuation of the control jets. Based on the model, we design a dynamic estimator to estimate the AIP pressure recovery from given input profile and wall pressure sensor measurements. We use the dynamic estimator for optimal sensor placement, and compare the results with those obtained through a static estimator. Our next step is to apply the reduced-order model and estimator to the AIP pressure recovery control.
Phase resolved near-field mode imaging for the design of frequency-selective surfaces (2012)

Frequency-selective surfaces (FSS) are a class of metasurfaces with engineered reflectance, absorbance, and transmittance behavior. We study an array of metallic crossed dipole FSS elements in the infrared using interferometric scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM). We resolve the dependence of the near-field phase on the dimensions of the elements and compare with numerical models. The combined phase and amplitude information of the underlying near-field mode distribution compared to conventional far-field absorption spectroscopy greatly improves the targeted design of frequency-selective surfaces.
Capillary Force-Driven, Large-Area Alignment of Multi-segmented Nanowires (2014)

We report the large-area alignment of multi-segmented nanowires in nanoscale trenches facilitated by capillary forces. Electrochemically synthesized nanowires between 120 and 250 nm in length are aligned and then etched selectively to remove one segment, resulting in arrays of nanowires with precisely controlled gaps varying between 2 and 30 nm. Crucial to this alignment process is the dispersibility of the nanowires in solution which is achieved by chemically modifying them with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. We found that, even without the formation of an ordered crystalline phase at the droplet edges, the nanowires can be aligned in high yield. To illustrate the versatility of this approach as a nanofabrication technique, the aligned nanowires were used for the fabrication of arrays of gapped graphene nanoribbons and SERS substrates.
Characterizing Dielectric Tensors with Biaxial Ellipsometry (2008)

Dielectric tensors of liquid crystal polymer retarder films are determined by measuring the sample with an angle-of-incidence Mueller matrix imaging polarimeter. An optimization routine finds the dielectric tensor that best fits the Mueller matrix data.
Carbon Nanomaterials Formed by the Catalytic Cracking of Methane (2010)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2010 in Portland, Oregon, USA, August 1 – August 5, 2010.
Acting on Analytics: Accuracy, Precision, Interpretation, and Performativity (2018)

We report on a two‐year project focused on the design and development of data analytics to support the cloud services division of a global IT company. While the business press proclaims the potential for enterprise analytics to transform organizations and make them ‘smarter’ and more efficient, little has been written about the actual practices involved in turning data into ‘actionable’ insights. We describe our experiences doing data analytics within a large global enterprise and reflect on the practices of acquiring and cleansing data, developing analytic tools and choosing appropriate algorithms, aligning analytics with the demands of the work and constraints on organizational actors, and embedding new analytic tools within the enterprise. The project we report on was initiated by three researchers; a mathematician, an operations researcher, and an anthropologist well‐versed in practice‐based technology design, in collaboration with a cloud services go‐to‐market strategy team and a global cloud sales organization. The analytics were designed to aid sellers in identifying client accounts that were at risk of defecting or that offered opportunities for up‐sale. Three‐years of sales revenue data were used to both train and test the predictive models. A suite of analytic tools was developed, drawing upon widely available algorithms, some of which were modified for our purposes, as well as home‐grown algorithms. Over the course of this project important lessons were learned, including that the confidence to act upon the results of data modeling rests on the ability to reason about the outcomes of the analytics and not solely on the accuracy or precision of the models, and that the ability to identify at‐risk clients or those with up‐sell opportunities by itself does not direct sellers on how to respond as information outside the models is critical to deciding on effective actions. We explore the challenges of acting on analytics in the enterprise context, with a focus on the practices of ‘real world’ data science.
Li/Ag2VO2PO4 batteries: the roles of composite electrode constituents on electrochemistry (2016)

Results indicate composition-dependent discharge progression in composite electrodes and provide insight into factors controlling the electrochemistry of resistive active materials.
Influence of timing jitter on quadrature charge sampling (2007)

The influence of timing jitter on quadrature charge sampling for a direct conversion receiver has been evaluated. In contrast to voltage sampling, the charge sampling mixer integrates the signal current instead of tracking the signal voltage. The charge sampling mixer has been applied to RF direct sampling in wireless receivers. The influence of timing jitter on charge sampling has been analysed in some literatures. However, in wireless receivers, quadrature sampling is required in order to demodulate I-phase and Q-phase signals. Different from charge sampling, timing jitter causes crosstalk between these signals. The influence of timing jitter on quadrature sampling is investigated.
Quantitative two‐dimensional analysis of facial wrinkles of Japanese women at various ages (2002)

To evaluate individual differences in the recognition of facial wrinkles, we asked 40 Japanese female observers to identify wrinkles using transparent sheets over frontal facial photos of four females aged 20, 39, 55 or 75 years. We then measured the number and length of those wrinkles by image analysis. Wrinkles identified by those 40 observers showed aged-related increases in the standard deviation (SD) values for number and length but age-related decreases in the coefficient of variation (CV)%. Therefore, to clarify factors affecting the degree of wrinkle detection, wrinkles were identified by two groups of age-matched male and female observers, by two groups that differed by age, and by two other groups, one of which who felt that there was an improvement in their wrinkles after application of an antiwrinkle agent and another group who did not feel that there was any improvement after the same treatment. Improvement was observed by replica image analysis in all groups. The degree of wrinkles identified was not affected by the age or by the sex of the observer group. However, the group who felt that there was an improvement in their wrinkles after treatment with the antiwrinkle agent identified a significantly higher number of wrinkles than did the group who did not feel that there was an improvement. These results suggest marked individual differences in the recognition of wrinkles. Fine wrinkles in relatively young subjects are difficult to detect, but moderate to marked wrinkles in middle-aged and in aged subjects can easily be detected. Concerning the cause of individual differences in the extent of wrinkle detection, observers who identified a large number of wrinkles tended to recognize not only pronounced wrinkles but also recognized fine wrinkles as 'wrinkles'. This seems to have also affected their feelings about the success of treatment with the antiwrinkle agent.
Techniques for Graceful Reversion from Dual to Single Frequency WAAS (2003)

This paper investigates techniques to sustain dualfrequency ionosphere performance when a dual-frequency airborne user loses all but one GPS frequency while descending into the radio frequency interference (RFI) field. In this paper, we are particularly interested in the case where the user transitions from L1-L5 to having L5only. That is because the uncertainty of the L5-only ionospheric delay estimation is larger than the L1-only ionospheric delay estimation. An L1-L5 dual-frequency user has LPV (HAL = 40m, VAL = 50m) [1] precision approach services available 99.9 % of time over 100 % CONUS, with a nominal σUIRE of 0.32m [2]. An L5 single-frequency user has LPV precision approach services available 99.9 % of time over
Phototherapy decreases red blood cell deformability in patients with psoriasis (2019)

The decreased ED observed following phototherapy could have clinical influences on psoriasis patients, and may partially explain why phototherapy does not decrease the cardiovascular risk in psoriasis compared to other treatments.