gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preferential Pulmonary Retention of (S)-Albuterol after Inhalation of Racemic Albuterol (1999)

The (R)-enantiomer of racemic albuterol produces bronchodilation, whereas the (S)-enantiomer may increase airway reactivity. After oral or intravenous administration of racemic albuterol, the (R)- enantiomer is metabolized several times faster than the (S)-enantiomer; however, enantiomer disposition after inhaling racemic albuterol with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) is not known. Accordingly, 10 healthy subjects inhaled racemic albuterol with a MDI alone and with a MDI and holding chamber. We measured plasma levels of unchanged (R)- and (S)-albuterol before and up to 4 h after inhalation of racemic albuterol, and determined the unchanged R/S ratio in urine before and at 0.5, 4, 8, and 24 h later. The disposition of albuterol's enantiomers with a MDI and holding chamber was similar to that with a MDI alone. The area under the curve (AUC) of the plasma levels over time was significantly lower for the (S)- than for the (R)-enantiomer-395.5 +/- 141.0 (SE) versus 882.7 +/- 126.4 ng. ml(-)(1). min (p < 0.05)-indicating preferential retention of (S)-albuterol in the lung. The R/S ratio in urine at 0. 5 h after albuterol was > 1, reflecting the higher plasma level of the (R)-enantiomer. In conclusion, preferential retention of the (S)- compared with the (R)-enantiomer in the lung could lead to accumulation of the (S)-enantiomer after long-term use of racemic albuterol.
Decentralized sum MSE minimization for coordinated multi-point transmission (2014)

Two decentralized minimum mean-squared error downlink beamformer designs are proposed for multiple-input single-output coherent coordinated multi-point transmission. We propose a parallel beamformer design with a fast initial rate of convergence for systems with relatively few cooperative base stations (BSs). An alternating direction method of multipliers based design is provided for more complex systems with a large number of cooperating BSs. Support for data sharing among the serving BSs is assumed over limited back-haul connectivity. Channel state information (CSI) is not shared among the cooperating transmitters, and, thus, only local CSI is available at each BS via uplink pilot signaling.
Dietary intake, exercise, obesity and noncommunicable disease in rural and urban populations of three Pacific Island countries. (1992)

Dietary intake surveys of rural and urban communities in three Pacific Island countries were conducted using an adjusted 24-hour dietary recall method. Dietary survey samples were drawn from noncommunicable disease surveys of Melanesians and Indians in Fiji, Micronesians in Kiribati and Melanesians in Vanuatu. Comparisons of total energy and macronutrient intakes and of obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum cholesterol and physical activity levels revealed similar rural/urban trends. Urban subjects were more obese than rural ones, had higher prevalence rates of diabetes and hypertension, and generally had higher cholesterol levels. Rural subjects were leaner, suffered less from diabetes and hypertension, and had greater total energy intakes than urban dwellers. Rural people ate a greater proportion of carbohydrates, while urban subjects ate proportionally more protein and fat, apart from the outer Kiribati atolls with high coconut intakes. Rural subjects in all three studies had higher levels of physical activity. These studies provide persuasive evidence that exercise as well as diet has a significant effect on rural/urban differentials in obesity and noncommunicable disease, and that energy intake reflects energy expenditure.
Effect of order in self-assembled monolayers on the orientation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) crystallites (2008)

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the influence of the molecular properties of chemically functionalized substrates on the orientation of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) crystallites. The effects of alkyl-trichlorosilane self-assembled monolayer packing density, packing order, and end-group functionality are independently, and parametrically investigated. From these simulations, the potential energy surface presented by the substrate to the P3HT molecules is determined to be the main driver of P3HT ordering. Disordered substrates with a smoothly varying potential energy landscape are found to encourage ideal edge-on P3HT orientation for thin-film transistor applications; highly ordered substrates with undesirable periodic potential energy wells are found to trap a fraction of P3HT side chains out of their natural geometry and hence disrupt favorable ordering.
Osteochondral lesions of the talus: current treatment modalities and future possibilities (2006)

Purpose of review: Symptomatic osteochondral lesions of the talus are a common clinical finding for orthopaedic surgeons that treat disorders of the ankle. Multiple treatment options exist for this entity. We will review recent advances in the understanding of osteochondral defects, their diagnosis and classification, treatment options, and the future direction that the field will take. Recent findings: In the last decade, major clinical progress has been made in the areas of mosaicplasty/osteochondral autograft transplantation, allograft transplantation, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. From the basic science aspect, biologic scaffold and mesenchymal stem cell research are poised to revolutionize the treatment possibilities. Summary: In short, we are on the cusp of a new era in orthopaedic surgery that will bring tissue engineering to the forefront of medicine. In no clinical disorder is this potential more exciting than for the treatment of osteochondral lesions.
50 GBd PAM4 transmitter with a 55nm SiGe BiCMOS driver and silicon photonic segmented MZM (2020)

We demonstrate an optical transmitter consisting of a limiting SiGe BiCMOS driver co-designed and co-packaged with a silicon photonic segmented traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). The MZM is split into two traveling-wave segments to increase the bandwidth and to allow a 2-bit DAC functionality. Two limiting driver channels are used to drive these segments, allowing both NRZ and PAM4 signal generation in the optical domain. The voltage swing as well as the peaking of the driver output are tunable, hence the PAM4 signal levels can be tuned and possible bandwidth limitations of the MZM segments can be partially alleviated. Generation of 50 Gbaud and 53 Gbaud PAM4 yields a TDECQ of 2.8 and 3.8 dB with a power efficiency of 3.9 and 3.6 pJ/bit, respectively; this is the best reported efficiency for co-packaged silicon transmitters for short-reach datacenter interconnects at these data rates. With this work, we show the potential of limiting drivers and segmented traveling-wave modulators in 400G capable short-reach optical interconnects.
Tuning the Extent of Chiral Amplification by Temperature in a Dynamic Supramolecular Polymer (2009)

Here, we report on the strong amplification of chirality observed in supramolecular polymers consisting of benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide monomers and study the chiral amplification phenomena as a function of temperature. To quantify the two chiral amplification phenomena, i.e., the sergeants-and-soldiers principle and the majority-rules principle, we adapted the previously reported sergeants-and-soldiers model, which allowed us to describe both amplification phenomena in terms of two energy penalties: the helix reversal penalty and the mismatch penalty. The former was ascribed to the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and was the larger of the two. The latter was related to steric interactions in the alkyl side chains due to the stereogenic center. With increasing temperature, the helix reversal penalty was little affected and remained rather constant, showing that the intermolecular hydrogen bonds remain intact and are directing the helicity in the stack. The mismatch penalty, however, was found to decrease when the temperature was increased, which resulted in opposite effects on the degree of chiral amplification when comparing the sergeants-and-soldiers and the majority-rules phenomena. While for the former a reduction in mismatch penalty resulted in a decrease in degree of chiral amplification, for the latter it resulted in a stronger chiral amplification effect. By combining the sergeants-and-soldiers and majority-rules phenomena in a diluted majority-rules experiment, we could further determine the effect of temperature on the degree of chiral amplification. Extending the experiments to different concentrations revealed that the relative temperature, i.e., the temperature relative to the critical temperature of elongation, controls the degree of chiral amplification. On the basis of these results, it was possible to generate a general "master curve" independent of concentration to describe the temperature-dependent majority-rules principle. As a result, unprecedented expressions of amplification of chirality are recorded.
Merkel Cell Polyomavirus Encodes Circular RNAs (circRNAs) Enabling a Dynamic circRNA/microRNA/mRNA Regulatory Network (2020)

Viral noncoding RNAs have acquired increasing prominence as important regulators of infection and mediators of pathogenesis. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) generated by backsplicing events have been identified in several oncogenic human DNA viruses. Here, we show that Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV), the etiologic cause of ∼80% of Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs), also expresses circular RNAs. By RNase R-resistant RNA sequencing, four putative circRNA backsplice junctions (BSJs) were identified from the MCV early region (ER). The most abundantly expressed MCV circRNA, designated circMCV-T, is generated through backsplicing of all of ER exon II to form a 762-nucleotide (nt) circular RNA molecule. Curiously, circMCV-T, as well as two other less abundantly expressed putative MCV circRNAs, overlaps in a complementary fashion with the MCV microRNA (miRNA) locus that encodes MCV-miR-M1. circMCV-T is consistently detected in concert with linear T antigen transcripts throughout infection, suggesting a crucial role for this RNA molecule in the regulatory functions of the early region, known to be vital for viral replication. Knocking out the hairpin structure of MCV-miR-M1 in genomic early region expression constructs and using a new high-efficiency, recombinase-mediated, recircularized MCV molecular clone demonstrates that circMCV-T levels decrease in the presence of MCV-miR-M1, underscoring the interplay between MCV circRNA and miRNA. Furthermore, circMCV-T partially reverses the known inhibitory effect of MCV-miR-M1 on early gene expression. RNase R-resistant RNA sequencing of lytic rat polyomavirus 2 (RatPyV2) identified an analogously located circRNA, stipulating a crucial, conserved regulatory function of this class of RNA molecules in the family of polyomaviruses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Covalently closed circular RNAs were recently described in the human DNA tumor viruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), and human papillomavirus (HPV). Here, we show that MCV, another DNA tumor virus, generates circRNAs from its early regulatory region in concert with T antigen linear transcripts. MCV circMCV-T interacts with another MCV noncoding RNA, miR-M1, to functionally modulate early region transcript expression important for viral replication and long-term episomal persistence. This work describes a dynamic regulatory network integrating circRNA/miRNA/mRNA biomolecules and underscores the intricate functional modulation between several classes of polyomavirus-encoded RNAs in the control of viral replication.
On the design and tuning of the controllers in a power-split continuously variable transmission for agricultural tractors (2003)

In this work, a power-split continuously variable transmission (CVT) used in high-power tractors is considered. Power-split CVTs are characterized by the combination of a traditional discontinuous mechanical transmission and a continuously variable transmission. This provides, at the same time, smooth variations of the transmission ratio and high efficiency of the overall transmission system. The CVT considered in this paper is a hydrostatic power-split unit conceived for top-power agricultural tractors. The goal of this paper is to present a case study on the design and tuning of the control system structure for this type of CVT. This structure consists of three main parts: a servo controller on the internal current of the valve of the hydraulic transmission; a servo controller on the hydraulic transmission ratio; a synchronizer which coordinates the hydraulic and the mechanical parts of the CVT. The design, tuning and testing of this set of automatic controllers is presented.
Frequency-locked optical two-tone THz signal generation with optical frequency comb and injection-locked laser (2013)

We propose an optical two-tone signal generation using an injection locking technique applied to an optical frequency comb source. An improved optical signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 10 dB is achieved.
Assessment of potential selectivity of antispasmodics for the various sections of the gastrointestinal tract of the rat as a guideline for their clinical use. (1983)

Two spasmolytic drugs, N-butylscopolammonium bromide and octylonium bromide have been challenged against topical carbachol-induced contracture of gastric antrum, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, colon and rectum of the rat. Experimental data indicate that N-butylscopolammonium bromide, a competitive anticholinergic agent, is more effective on the upper than on the lower sections of the rat gastrointestinal tract. On the other hand octylonium bromide, which has been reported to have little if any competitive antimuscarinic properties at effective spasmolytic doses, showed a more composite spectrum of activity. Hexamethonium, a nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist, was about equally effective in inhibiting carbachol-induced contractions of all the GIT sections under study. Data in the literature and our own findings do not support the use of competitive antimuscarinic drugs for the treatment of colonic hypermotility. In fact, at effective spasmolytic doses they are expected to produce a greater inhibition of motility of the upper sections of the GIT than at the colonic level.
Rodlike Fluorescent π-Conjugated 3,3′-Bipyridazine Ligand: Optical, Electronic, and Complexation Properties (2010)

We report on the design and synthesis of a new quadrupolar pi-conjugated 3,3'-bipyridazine D-A-D ligand. Its electronic and optical properties were investigated. Besides high fluorescence and pronounced solvatochromism, it exhibits an inherent electroactivity exploited to build an organic green light emitting device. Moreover, the ability of this ligand to complex metallic centers (Cu(I), Ni(II), Pt(II), and Ir(III)) was also investigated to access different geometries and to tune their electronic and optical properties. These preliminary results open up the synthesis of heavy-metal complexes to obtain phosphorescent emitters.
Mortal Kombat: modeling amyloid fibrils and health implications (2013)

Amyloid proteins aggregate into polymorphic fibrils that damage tissues of the brain, nerves, and heart. Experimental and computational studies investigated the structural basis and the nucleation of short fibrils, but the prediction and the precise quantification of the stability of larger aggregates remain elusive. We established a complete classification of fibril shapes and developed a tool, called CreateFibril, to automatically build these complex polymorphic modular structures. CreateFibril constructed HET‐s, Abeta, and Amylin fibrils up to 17nm in length, and utilized a novel dipolar solvent model that captured the effect of dipole‐dipole interactions between water and very large molecular systems to assess their aqueous stability. Our results validated experimental data for HET‐s and Abeta, and suggested novel findings for Amylin. In particular, we predicted the correct structural parameters for the one and three predominant HET‐s protofilaments, revealed and structurally characterized all known Abeta polymorphic fibrils including structures recently classified as wrapped fibrils, and elucidated the predominant Amylin fibrils and asserted that native Amylin is more stable than its amyloid form. CreateFibril and a database of all stable polymorphic fibril models we tested along with their structural energy landscapes are available on http://amyloid.cs.mcgill.ca .
Learning to Hallucinate Examples from Extrinsic and Intrinsic Supervision (2021)

Learning to hallucinate additional examples has recently been shown as a promising direction to address few-shot learning tasks. This work investigates two important yet overlooked natural supervision signals for guiding the hallucination process – (i) extrinsic: classifiers trained on hallucinated examples should be close to strong classifiers that would be learned from a large amount of real examples; and (ii) intrinsic: clusters of hallucinated and real examples belonging to the same class should be pulled together, while simultaneously pushing apart clusters of hallucinated and real examples from different classes. We achieve (i) by introducing an additional mentor model on data-abundant base classes for directing the hallucinator, and achieve (ii) by performing contrastive learning between hallucinated and real examples. As a general, model-agnostic framework, our dual mentor-and self-directed (DMAS) hallucinator significantly improves few-shot learning performance on widely-used benchmarks in various scenarios.
IGF2 increases de novo steroidogenesis in prostate cancer cells (2013)

IGF2 is a mitogenic foetal growth factor commonly over-expressed in cancers, including prostate cancer (PC). We recently demonstrated that insulin can activate de novo steroidogenesis in PC cells, a major pathway for reactivation of androgen pathways and PC progression. IGF2 can activate the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R) or insulin receptor (INSR) or hybrids of these two receptors. We therefore hypothesized that IGF2 may contribute to PC progression via de novo steroidogenesis. IGF2 mRNA but not IGF2 receptor mRNA expression was increased in patient samples during progression to castrate-resistant PC as was immunoreactivity to INSR and IGF1R antibodies. Treatment of androgen receptor (AR)-positive PC cell lines LNCaP and 22RV1 with IGF2 for 48 h resulted in increased expression of steroidogenic enzyme mRNA and protein, including steroid acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome p450 family member (CYP)17A1, aldo-keto reductase family member (AKR)1C3 and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD)17B3. IGF2 treatment resulted in increased steady state steroid levels and increased de novo steroidogenesis resulting in AR activation as demonstrated by PSA mRNA induction. Inhibition of the IGF1R/INSR signalling axis attenuated the effects of IGF2 on steroid hormone synthesis. We present a potential mechanism for prostatic IGF2 contributing to PC progression by inducing steroidogenesis and that IGF2 signalling and related pathways present attractive targets for PC therapy.
Densities and mixture virial coefficients for wet natural gas mixtures (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDensities and mixture virial coefficients for wet natural gas mixturesPhilip T. Eubank, John J. Scheloske, Kenneth R. Hall, and James C. HolsteCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1987, 32, 2, 230–233Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00048a029https://doi.org/10.1021/je00048a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplemental Figure S5 from Akt Inhibition Enhances Expansion of Potent Tumor-Specific Lymphocytes with Memory Cell Characteristics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S5. Akti-treated murine CD8+ T cells have enhanced expression of "naïve/memory"-associated genes (e.g. Klf2, Tcf7, Lef1, Foxo1, and Sell) and decreased expression of "effector"-associated genes (e.g. Eomes, Prf1, GzmB, and Klrg1).&lt;/p&gt;
Nanotube Reactor with a Lipase Wall Interior for Enzymatic Ring-opening Oligomerization of Lactone (2015)

Abstract Protein nanotubes having an inner surface wall of Candida antarctica lipase B were synthesized by alternating layer-by-layer assembly in a porous polycarbonate membrane. Scanning electron microscopy measurements revealed the formation of uniform hollow cylinders with an outer diameter of 393 ± 9 nm. Enzymatic ring-opening oligomerization of 12-dodecanolactone was achieved in the one-dimensional pore space interior of nanotube in aqueous medium.
Selective epitaxial growth of Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 quantum wells on Si substrate using reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition (2011)

We investigate the selective epitaxial growth of Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 quantum wells on prepatterned silicon substrates by reduced pressure chemical vapor deposition. A vertical p-i-n Si0.1Ge0.9 diode with Ge/Si0.15Ge0.85 quantum wells in the intrinsic region is selectively grown in holes in a SiO2 mask. We find perfect growth selectivity and very low dependence on size or arrangement of the mask holes. The fabricated p-i-n diode shows very low reverse leakage current and high breakdown voltage, suggesting good epitaxy quality. The quantum-confined Stark effect in this quantum-well system is observed for wavelengths &amp;gt;1.5 μm at room temperature.
Synthesis of Deoxy Sialyl Lewisx Analogues, Potential Selectin Antagonists (1994)

An effective new sialylation method is applied for the first time in an efficient synthesis of the sialyl Lewisx derivative 1. This type of compound is expected to contribute to the development of new anti-inflammatory drugs.