gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards no-scar cardiac surgery — minimally invasive access through umbilicus for aortic valve replacement (2009)

There is an ever-growing trend towards less-invasive procedures in all fields of medicine. We designed an animal study to prove the concept that trans-apical aortic valve replacement from an incision within the umbilicus through a single channel for instruments is feasible, which would be a major leap towards no-scar cardiac surgery. In three adult pigs, after creating a single 3-cm incision at a place where the human umbilicus would be, we introduced a 30F sheath through a tunnel created by an endoscopic vein-harvesting device up to the cardiac apex, through it and up to the left ventricle simulating the approach for trans-apical aortic valve replacement. We used a standard Amplatz nitinol occluder to seal the defect in ventricle wall later. The animals were followed up for 1h. Blood loss was minimal, and no tamponade occurred in any of the animals. In addition, we performed a test with water column static pressure to evaluate the impact of preclotting on the sealing properties of the occluders: 1 min flow-through was 2860+/-176 ml for the standard occluders and 348+/-56 ml for preclotted occluders (p<0.001).
Simultaneous Adjustment of Experimentally Based Enthalpies of Formation of CF3X, X = nil, H, Cl, Br, I, CF3, CN, and a Probe of G3 Theory (1998)

The enthalpies of formation of the title compounds have been determined by simultaneous least-squares solution of a thermochemical network containing 28 experimental measurements extracted from the literature. The new enthalpies differ considerably from the older tabulated values and now show a high degree of internal consistency achieved through excellent agreement with newer experiments, as well as older calorimetric determinations. The fitted values are: ΔHf298°(CF3) = −111.3 ± 0.5 kcal/mol (−110.6 ± 0.5 kcal/mol at 0 K), ΔHf298°(CF3H) = −165.6 ± 0.5 kcal/mol (−163.9 ± 0.5 kcal/mol at 0 K), ΔHf298°(CF3Cl) = −169.5 ± 0.7 kcal/mol (−168.3 ± 0.7 kcal/mol at 0 K), ΔHf298°(CF3Br) = −155.3 ± 0.5 kcal/mol (−152.4 ± 0.5 kcal/mol at 0 K), ΔHf298°(CF3I) = −140.1 ± 0.5 kcal/mol (−138.7 ± 0.5 kcal/mol at 0 K), ΔHf298°(C2F6) = −321.3 ± 0.8 kcal/mol (−319.3 ± 0.8 kcal/mol at 0 K), and ΔHf298°(CF3CN) = −118.4 ± 0.4 kcal/mol (−117.5 ± 0.4 kcal/mol at 0 K). Theoretical calculations at the Gaussian-3 (G3) level of theory have been performed for a subgroup of these molecules, which were problematic at the Gaussian-2 (G2) level of theory. In comparison to G2 theory, the G3 results show a remarkable improvement in accuracy and agree with experiment within <2 kcal/mol. An isodesmic bond-separation scheme brings the calculated values even closer to the experiment. In addition, the G3 value for the ionization energy of CF3, 9.08 eV, was found to be in good agreement with the recent experimental value of 9.055 ± 0.011 eV. Further indications that the experimental value for ΔHf°(C2F4) is probably too high are also presented.
Inductive power transfer for electric vehicle charging: Technical challenges and tradeoffs (2016)

Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) is widely considered as an alternative to conventional conductive Electric Vehicle (EV) battery chargers for the unique advantages of the contactless power supply. In this article, the power electronics design trade-offs between the automotive requirements of high efficiency, high compactness, and low cost are analyzed for IPT systems. Pareto fronts show that physical limits severely restrict a compact and cost-effective design of the IPT coils. The challenge of realizing a competitive contactless solution is emphasized by a comparison of existing IPT systems to state-of-the-art conductive chargers. An overview of today's technology barriers is provided and the future perspectives for IPT are critically discussed.
A multiplexed siRNA screen identifies key kinase signaling networks of brain glia (2023)

The dynamic behaviors of brain glial cells in various neuroinflammatory conditions and neurological disorders have been reported; however, little is known about the underlying intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we developed a multiplexed kinome-wide siRNA screen to identify the kinases regulating several inflammatory phenotypes of mouse glial cells in culture, including inflammatory activation, migration, and phagocytosis of glia. Subsequent proof-of-concept experiments involving genetic and pharmacological inhibitions indicated the importance of T-cell receptor signaling components in microglial activation and a metabolic shift from glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation in astrocyte migration. This time- and cost-effective multiplexed kinome siRNA screen efficiently provides exploitable drug targets and novel insight into the mechanisms underlying the phenotypic regulation of glial cells and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the kinases identified in this screen may be relevant in other inflammatory diseases and cancer, wherein kinases play a critical role in disease signaling pathways.
Experimental implementation of a logical Bell state encoding (2007)

Liquid-phase NMR is a general-purpose testbed for developing methods of coherent control relevant to quantum information processing. Here we extend these studies to the coherent control of logical qubits and in particular to the unitary gates necessary to create entanglement between logical qubits. We report an experimental implementation of a conditional logical gate between two logical qubits that are each in decoherence-free subspaces that protect the quantum information from fully correlated dephasing.
A study of nanoparticle manipulation using ultrasonic standing waves (2013)

There has been considerable interest in the noninvasive manipulation of particles in dispersions during the last 15 years. The manipulation techniques based on acoustic radiation forces are particularly interesting as they allow for the manipulation of particles based on their density, compressibility and/or size. The majority of the acoustic research has been focused on particles above a few μm. In the current work we investigate the manipulation of particles in the range of 100 nm to 10 μm using ultrasonic standing waves. The setup consisted of a small rectangular cell. Within the cell, two sides of piezo material were meticulously aligned (square: 30 × 30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , center frequency 2 MHz). The distance between the piezo slabs was 9 mm. One piezo slab was excited using continuous wave signals with frequencies around 2 MHz; the frequency was optimized such that the power transfer was maximized. The liquid in the tank consisted of SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> nanoparticle dispersions with varying mean sizes: 100 nm, 500 nm, 1000 nm and 10 μm. The concentration of the particles was 0.03 mass%. If the ultrasound was switched off, the nanoparticle dispersion appeared as a homogeneous milky white substance. If the ultrasound was switched on, the particles moved to the nodes of the standing wave field. The distance between the planes in which the particles were localized corresponded to half the wavelength. Good localization was achieved in roughly ≪1s, 5s and 10s for the 10 μm, the 1 μm and the 500 nm particles, respectively. No particle localization was observed for the 100 nm particles, which was likely caused by mixing due to acoustic streaming of the liquid and compounded by Brownian motion. The peak power dissipated into the piezo slabs was 6W. Due to the small size of the cell and the fairly high losses in the piezo material, the temperature increased considerably during the experiments (1.3°C/min). Nanoparticles down to 500 nm were successfully manipulated using the radiation force induced by ultrasonic standing waves. Regarding 100 nm particles, the mixing effects due to acoustic streaming prevented successful manipulation.
The relationship between maternal body fat and pre-implantation embryonic weight: Implications for survival and long-term development in an assisted reproductive environment (2013)

There can be little argument that embryo quality is one of the most critical factors in the success of assisted reproductive techniques. Yet the current methods of grading embryos are subjective at best. While a number of different groups have described more qualitative means of assessing embryo quality, the current standard remains morphology. Morphology has proven a good standard, but it does not allow for the detection of chromosomal abnormalities nor can it assess the biochemical status of the embryo prior to transfer. This laboratory recently described a method to estimate embryo weight and suggested weight might be a good indicator of biochemical status. The objective of the present study was to determine the relationship between maternal body composition and embryo weight and determine the influence maternal chemistry had on embryo development. The data continue to suggest that maternal body composition, especially body fat, influences the chemical nature of the embryo and may play a critical role in long-term survival.
Retrospective Analysis of the 2019 MineRL Competition on Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning (2019)

To facilitate research in the direction of sample efficient reinforcement learning, we held the MineRL Competition on Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning Using Human Priors at the Thirty-third Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS 2019). The primary goal of this competition was to promote the development of algorithms that use human demonstrations alongside reinforcement learning to reduce the number of samples needed to solve complex, hierarchical, and sparse environments. We describe the competition, outlining the primary challenge, the competition design, and the resources that we provided to the participants. We provide an overview of the top solutions, each of which use deep reinforcement learning and/or imitation learning. We also discuss the impact of our organizational decisions on the competition and future directions for improvement.
The Electrochemical Reaction Mechanism and Applications of Quinones (2014)

This tutorial review provides a general account of the electrochemical behavior of quinones and their various applications. Quinone electrochemistry has been investigated for a long time due to its complexity. A simple point of view is developed that considers the relative stability of the reduced quinone species and the values of the first and second reduction potentials. The 9-membered square scheme in buffered aqueous solutions is explained and semiquinone radical stability is discussed in this context. Quinone redox reaction has also been employed in various studies. Diverse examples are presented under three broad categories defined by the roles of quinone: molecular tool for physical chemistry, versatile electron mediator, and charge storage for energy conversion devices.
Silicon photonic beam steering module with backside coupling elements toward dense heterogeneous integration with drive electronics (2021)

Solid state beam steering devices are key elements in low cost, robust, and three-dimensional imaging systems. Here, we present a silicon photonic beam steering device based upon an 8 × 8 grating coupler focal plane array approach fed by a thermo-optic Mach–Zehnder switching tree. In this device, transmission of light from the grating couplers is made through the backside of the chip using topside mirrors allowing for both high-efficiency out-coupling and direct flip-chip integration of drive electronics, providing a path to scale to denser focal plane arrays with large numbers of points in the future. A −13.8 dB fiber-to-fiber transmission was achieved in our preliminary test around 1523 nm for the beam steering chip.
Predicting Cone Quantum Catches under Illuminant Change (2003)

Given LMS cone quantum catches from a surface under a first illuminant what is the best method of predicting what the corresponding quantum catches will be for the same surface under a second illuminant given only the quantum catches of a white surface under both illuminants? The von Kries rule is one well known method. In this paper, two new prediction methods along with a variation on an existing third method are introduced and then compared experimentally. In contrast to the von Kries rule which is equivalent to a diagonal transformation, all three methods estimate a full 3-by-3 linear transformation mapping LMS values between illuminants. All the new methods perform better than the von Kries rule.
A genome-wide association meta-analysis identifies new childhood obesity loci (2012)

Multiple genetic variants have been associated with adult obesity and a few with severe obesity in childhood; however, less progress has been made in establishing genetic influences on common early-onset obesity. We performed a North American, Australian and European collaborative meta-analysis of 14 studies consisting of 5,530 cases (≥95th percentile of body mass index (BMI)) and 8,318 controls (&amp;lt;50th percentile of BMI) of European ancestry. Taking forward the eight newly discovered signals yielding association with P &amp;lt; 5 × 10(-6) in nine independent data sets (2,818 cases and 4,083 controls), we observed two loci that yielded genome-wide significant combined P values near OLFM4 at 13q14 (rs9568856; P = 1.82 × 10(-9); odds ratio (OR) = 1.22) and within HOXB5 at 17q21 (rs9299; P = 3.54 × 10(-9); OR = 1.14). Both loci continued to show association when two extreme childhood obesity cohorts were included (2,214 cases and 2,674 controls). These two loci also yielded directionally consistent associations in a previous meta-analysis of adult BMI(1).
Vasopressin stimulates steroid secretion in human adrenal glands: comparison with angiotensin-II effect. (1995)

Autoradiographic experiments using iodinated vasopressin analog revealed the presence of specific vasopressin-binding sites in the human adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata). These receptors exhibited a good affinity for arginine vasopressin (3.3 nM), with classical V1a pharmacology and densities of 65 and 135 fmol/mg protein-enriched membranes from zona glomerulosa and fasciculata, respectively. Vasopressin receptors present in both glomerulosa and fasciculata cell-enriched primary cultures were coupled to phospholipase C (ED50, 0.9 and 1.8 nM; maximal stimulation, 4.3- and 5.8-fold, respectively). Vasopressin also stimulated an increase in intracellular calcium through at least two distinct mechanisms: the mobilization of intracellular pools via vasopressin-stimulated inositol phosphate accumulation and the activation of calcium influx. In glomerulosa cell-enriched primary cultures, vasopressin increased aldosterone secretion (ED50, 0.4 nM; maximal stimulation, 2.5-fold) and was found to be as potent as angiotensin-II in stimulating aldosterone secretion, phosphoinositide turnover, and calcium mobilization. In fasciculata cells, vasopressin and angiotensin-II were also able to stimulate cortisol secretion and inositol phosphate accumulation. Moreover, perifusion experiments demonstrated that vasopressin was released from the adrenal medulla. Together, these results indicate that vasopressin can be considered a potent paracrine modulator of adrenal steroid secretion in man.
Treatment Outcome and the Genetic Characteristics of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia in Children in Poland From 2005 to 2018 (2020)

<b>Background:</b> The aim of the study was to analyze the treatment outcome and genetic characteristics of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in children in Poland from 2005 to 2018. <b>Methods:</b> All 41 patients diagnosed with APL in Poland during the analysis period were eligible for the study. In period I (2005-2015), 33 patients were treated with chemotherapy and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), and in period II (2015-2018), 3 patients (high risk) received induction chemotherapy with ATRA and arsenic trioxide (ATO), and 5 patients (standard risk) received ATRA and ATO without chemotherapy. <b>Results:</b> Probability of 5-years overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS), and relapse-free survival (RFS) was 0.819 ± 0.069, 0.831 ± 0.063, and 0.961 ± 0.037, respectively, in the whole cohort. Four (11%) early deaths were observed. One patient died of severe infection in the course of disease progression. Relapse occurred in one patient, who died finally because of disease progression. All events occurred in the patients from period I. Variant APL was identified in one patient (successfully treated with chemotherapy with ATRA) and complex translocation in one patient (the only patient with relapse). Additional chromosomal aberrations were found in 26% of patients and FLT3-ITD mutation was detected in 44% of patients; none of those changes influenced clinical outcome. <b>Conclusion:</b> Treatment outcome in the analyzed group is similar to the results reported by other study groups. The main cause of death was coagulation disorders in the early stage of disease. Early, accurate diagnosis followed by specific treatment enables the reduction in the number of early deaths.
Analysis of plasma membrane protein changes in Dictyostelium discoideum during concanavalin A induced receptor redistribution using two‐dimensional gel electrophoresis (1990)

The 127 major polypeptides obtained from the purified plasma membrane of Dictyostelium discoideum were examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and a microcomputer-based videodensitometer. Plasma membrane proteins were analyzed at four discrete stages of concanavalin A induced cell surface capping; (i) the cell surface in the absence of ligand (unbound), (ii) the surface immediately after ligand binding (bound), (iii) the cell surface after receptors had patched (patched) and (iv) the cell surface after receptors had capped (capped). Plasma membranes were obtained at various stages of capping by using a colloidal silica density perturbation technique which immediately immobilized the proteins, preserving their lateral distribution in the bilayer during the isolation. Proteins were characterized with respect to post-translational modification changes resulting from the capping process as well as changes in their association with the plasma membrane fraction. Posttranslational changes of plasma membrane proteins, such as phosphorylation, methylation and proteolytic cleavage, were not observed during the four stages of capping. Myosin heavy chain phosphorylation, however, decreased almost twofold during patching and capping. Actin, which is known to colocalize directly underneath capped receptors did not appear to be recruited to the cap from the cytoplasm.
High-Performance Single-Crystalline Arsenic-Doped Indium Oxide Nanowires for Transparent Thin-Film Transistors and Active Matrix Organic Light-Emitting Diode Displays (2009)

We report high-performance arsenic (As)-doped indium oxide (In(2)O(3)) nanowires for transparent electronics, including their implementation in transparent thin-film transistors (TTFTs) and transparent active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The As-doped In(2)O(3) nanowires were synthesized using a laser ablation process and then fabricated into TTFTs with indium-tin oxide (ITO) as the source, drain, and gate electrodes. The nanowire TTFTs on glass substrates exhibit very high device mobilities (approximately 1490 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)), current on/off ratios (5.7 x 10(6)), steep subthreshold slopes (88 mV/dec), and a saturation current of 60 microA for a single nanowire. By using a self-assembled nanodielectric (SAND) as the gate dielectric, the device mobilities and saturation current can be further improved up to 2560 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) and 160 microA, respectively. All devices exhibit good optical transparency (approximately 81% on average) in the visible spectral range. In addition, the nanowire TTFTs were utilized to control green OLEDs with varied intensities. Furthermore, a fully integrated seven-segment AMOLED display was fabricated with a good transparency of 40% and with each pixel controlled by two nanowire transistors. This work demonstrates that the performance enhancement possible by combining nanowire doping and self-assembled nanodielectrics enables silicon-free electronic circuitry for low power consumption, optically transparent, high-frequency devices assembled near room temperature.
Redox reactivity of photogenerated osmium(ii) complexes (2011)

Powerful reductants [Os(II)(NH(3))(5)L](2+) (L = OH(2), CH(3)CN) can be generated upon ultraviolet excitation of relatively inert [Os(II)(NH(3))(5)(N(2))](2+) in aqueous and acetonitrile solutions. Reactions of photogenerated Os(II) complexes with methyl viologen to form methyl viologen radical cation and [Os(III)(NH(3))(5)L](3+) were monitored by transient absorption spectroscopy. Rate constants range from 4.9 × 10(4) M(-1) s(-1) in acetonitrile solution to 3.2 × 10(7) (pH 3) and 2.5 × 10(8) M(-1) s(-1) (pH 12) in aqueous media. Photogeneration of five-coordinate Os(II) complexes opens the way for mechanistic investigations of activation/reduction of CO(2) and other relatively inert molecules.
Combination of Hedgehog Signaling Blockage and Chemotherapy Leads to Tumor Reduction in Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas (2011)

Inhibition of Hedgehog signaling could be a promising approach for the treatment of pancreatic adenocarcinomas.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Serotonergic Activity of a Series of 2‐(N‐Benzyl)‐carboxamido‐5‐substituted‐N,N‐dimethyltryptamine Derivatives (I): Novel Antagonists for the Vascular 5‐HT1B‐Like Receptors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visualization of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC) Network in Mice (2011)

The interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are mesenchymal derived "pacemaker cells" of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that generate spontaneous slow waves required for peristalsis and mediate neuronal input from the enteric nervous system1. Different subtypes of ICC form distinct networks in the muscularis of the GI tract 2,3. Loss or injury to these networks is associated with a number of motility disorders4. ICC cells express the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase on the plasma membrane and KIT immunostaining has been used for the past 15 years to label the ICC network5,6. Importantly, normal KIT activity is required for ICC development5,6. Neoplastic transformation of ICC cells results in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), that frequently harbor gain-of-function KIT mutations7,8. We recently showed that ETV1 is a lineage-specific survival factor expressed in the ICC/GIST lineage and is a master transcriptional regulator required for both normal ICC network formation and for of GIST tumorigenesis9. We further demonstrate that it cooperates with activating KIT mutations in tumorigenesis. Here, we describe methods for visualization of ICC networks in mice, largely based on previously published protocols10,11. More recently, the chloride channel anoctamin 1 (ANO1) has also been characterized as a specific membrane marker of ICC11,12. Because of their plasma membrane localization, immunofluorescence of both proteins can be used to visualize the ICC networks. Here, we describe visualization of the ICC networks by fixed-frozen cyrosections and whole mount preparations.