gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of treatment patterns and disparities in commercially insured patients newly-diagnosed with breast cancer (2008)

6593 Background: Higher mortality from breast cancer in African-Americans (AAs) compared to Caucasians (CAUs) has been attributed to, among AAs: 1) diagnosis at later stages; 2) less favorable biologic parameters (e.g., higher rate of estrogen receptor negativity); 3) a higher incidence of chemotherapy dose reduction and delay; and 4) a higher prevalence of comorbid conditions. We assessed these disparities in a fully insured population to identify opportunities for health plans to improve outcomes. Methods: Claims data were used to identify commercially insured patients in a Southern US health plan with newly-diagnosed breast cancer between 1/1/2000 and 12/31/2004. Medical chart review captured race, stage at diagnosis, estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor (ER/PR) status, and treatment received. Univariate tests and multivariate logistic regression modeling were used to evaluate the impact of race on staging, and treatment patterns. Results: AAs (n=99) were diagnosed at younger mean age (49.4 vs. 52.4 years; p<0.01) and later stage (p=0.008) compared to CAUs (n=476). Among patients with measured or documented ER/PR status (537/766; 70%), 73% (392/537) were ER/PR+ (56% AA vs. 75% CAU; p<0.01), and of these, 67% received hormone therapy. Adjusting for age, stage, geography, socioeconomic status, and ER/PR+ status, CAUs were twice as likely as AAs to receive hormone therapy (p=0.03). Chemotherapy dose reduction or delay occurred in ∼20% of patients overall (12% AA vs. 21% CAU; p=0.07). Prevalence of hypertension was significantly higher in AAs compared to CAUs (p<0.01). Conclusions: Factors portending worse prognosis for AAs with newly diagnosed breast cancer in a fully insured population include diagnosis at younger age, higher stage, higher prevalence of hormone negative disease, lower rates of hormone therapy for ER/PR+ members, and higher prevalence of hypertension. Interventions developed by health plans for AAs need to be culturally sensitive and include: 1) promotion of diagnosis at earlier stages; and 2) increasing the percentage of ER/PR+ patients that receive hormonal therapy; 3) management of comorbidities. For both AAs and CAUs, interventions are needed to decrease the percentage subjected to chemotherapy dose reductions and delays. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Amgen, Inc.
Rapid Changes in Laboratory Parameters and Early Response to Adalimumab: A Pooled Analysis From Patients With Ulcerative Colitis in Two Clinical Trials (2019)

Adalimumab resulted in rapid improvements in laboratory markers and early reductions in rectal bleeding and stool frequency. Early improvement in quality-of-life scores correlated with the clinical and laboratory findings.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodotrimethylsilane Reduction of Benzoins: Synthesis of Deoxybenzoins and Tetraarylfurans. (1986)

Abstract Bei der Reduktion der Benzoine (I) mit Trimethylsilyliodid (II) entstehen Gemische aus den Desoxybenzoinen (III) und den Furanen (IV).
Variations Among Individual Surgeons in the Rate of Positive Surgical Margins in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens (2003)

While the clinical and pathological features of cancer are associated with the risk of a positive margin in radical prostatectomy specimens, the technique used by individual surgeons is also a factor. Lower rates of positive surgical margins for high volume surgeons suggest that experience and careful attention to surgical details, adjusted for the characteristics of the cancer being treated, can decrease positive surgical margin rates and improve cancer control with radical prostatectomy.
Host Tissue and Glycan Binding Specificities of Avian Viral Attachment Proteins Using Novel Avian Tissue Microarrays (2015)

The initial interaction between viral attachment proteins and the host cell is a critical determinant for the susceptibility of a host for a particular virus. To increase our understanding of avian pathogens and the susceptibility of poultry species, we developed novel avian tissue microarrays (TMAs). Tissue binding profiles of avian viral attachment proteins were studied by performing histochemistry on multi-species TMA, comprising of selected tissues from ten avian species, and single-species TMAs, grouping organ systems of each species together. The attachment pattern of the hemagglutinin protein was in line with the reported tropism of influenza virus H5N1, confirming the validity of TMAs in profiling the initial virus-host interaction. The previously believed chicken-specific coronavirus (CoV) M41 spike (S1) protein displayed a broad attachment pattern to respiratory tissues of various avian species, albeit with lower affinity than hemagglutinin, suggesting that other avian species might be susceptible for chicken CoV. When comparing tissue-specific binding patterns of various avian coronaviral S1 proteins on the single-species TMAs, chicken and partridge CoV S1 had predominant affinity for the trachea, while pigeon CoV S1 showed marked preference for lung of their respective hosts. Binding of all coronaviral S1 proteins was dependent on sialic acids; however, while chicken CoV S1 preferred sialic acids type I lactosamine (Gal(1-3)GlcNAc) over type II (Gal(1-4)GlcNAc), the fine glycan specificities of pigeon and partridge CoVs were different, as chicken CoV S1-specific sialylglycopolymers could not block their binding to tissues. Taken together, TMAs provide a novel platform in the field of infectious diseases to allow identification of binding specificities of viral attachment proteins and are helpful to gain insight into the susceptibility of host and organ for avian pathogens.
Paradigms of receptor kinase signaling in plants (2023)

Plant receptor kinases (RKs) function as key plasma-membrane localized receptors in the perception of molecular ligands regulating development and environmental response. Through the perception of diverse ligands, RKs regulate various aspects throughout the plant life cycle from fertilization to seed set. Thirty years of research on plant RKs has generated a wealth of knowledge on how RKs perceive ligands and activate downstream signaling. In the present review, we synthesize this body of knowledge into five central paradigms of plant RK signaling: (1) RKs are encoded by expanded gene families, largely conserved throughout land plant evolution; (2) RKs perceive many different kinds of ligands through a range of ectodomain architectures; (3) RK complexes are typically activated by co-receptor recruitment; (4) post-translational modifications fulfill central roles in both the activation and attenuation of RK-mediated signaling; and, (5) RKs activate a common set of downstream signaling processes through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs). For each of these paradigms, we discuss key illustrative examples and also highlight known exceptions. We conclude by presenting five critical gaps in our understanding of RK function.
Organoclay-polymer nanocomposites (2014)

The properties of polymer nanocomposites exceed the properties of common composite materials due to the nanoscale size and morphology of the fillers used. Particulate fillersare commonly used in polymers forimproved mechanical and thermal properties, as well as modified electrical properties and cost reduction. Organically modified layered clays, such asmontmorillonite, are among the most widely used fillers for the improvement of polymer matrices. Presented in this review are some of the most studied clay nanocomposites including clay-polyolefin, clay-polyester and clay-thermoplastic polyurethanenanocomposites. Additionally, the properties of clay-biopolymers nanocomposites will also be discussed.
Putative Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Use of Lithium in Children and Adolescents: A Critical Review (2017)

Lithium seems an effective and well-tolerated medication in pediatric bipolar disorder and aggression, while further evidences are needed for other clinical indications.
Chromenopyrazoles: Non‐psychoactive and Selective CB1 Cannabinoid Agonists with Peripheral Antinociceptive Properties (2012)

The unwanted psychoactive effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists have limited their development as medicines. These CB₁-mediated side effects are due to the fact that CB₁ receptors are largely expressed in the central nervous system (CNS). As it is known that CB₁ receptors are also located peripherally, there is growing interest in targeting cannabinoid receptors located outside the brain. A library of chromenopyrazoles designed analogously to the classical cannabinoid cannabinol were synthesized, characterized, and tested for cannabinoid activity. Radioligand binding assays were used to determine their affinities at CB₁ and CB₂ receptors. Structural features required for CB₁/CB₂ affinity and selectivity were explored by molecular modeling. Some compounds in the chromenopyrazole series were observed to be selective CB₁ ligands. These modeling studies suggest that full CB₁ selectivity over CB₂ can be explained by the presence of a pyrazole ring in the structure. The functional activities of selected chromenopyrazoles were evaluated in isolated tissues. In vivo behavioral tests were then carried out on the most effective CB₁ cannabinoid agonist, 13 a. Chromenopyrazole 13 a did not induce modifications in any of the tested parameters on the mouse cannabinoid tetrad, thus discounting CNS-mediated effects. This lack of agonistic activity in the CNS suggests that this compound does not readily cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, 13 a can induce antinociception in a rat peripheral model of orofacial pain. Taking into account the negative results obtained with the hot-plate test, the antinociception induced by 13 a in the orofacial test could be mediated through peripheral mechanisms.
<title>Power and length requirements for all-optical switching in semiconductor-doped glass waveguides</title> (1994)

We present a theoretical model that computes the nonlinear index (n<SUB>2</SUB>) of semiconductor- doped glasses (SDG), based on the material's properties, and predicts the power and length requirements, as well as the optimum operating wavelengths, for an all-optical SDG waveguide switch. The main conclusions are that (1) n<SUB>2</SUB> depends strongly on pump intensity, which partly explains the large disparity in reported values of n<SUB>2</SUB>, (2) the pump and signal wavelengths should be in specific and different ranges to minimize switching power and signal loss, (3) for CdSSe- and CdTe-doped glasses, n<SUB>2</SUB> is relatively small, and the switching power requirement for these two SDGs is consequently quite high (2 - 16 W). We provide evidence that this weak nonlinearity, compared to that of similar semiconductors in bulk, is due to the strong nonradiative recombination of carriers arising from the small size of the semiconductor microcrystallites. Projections indicate that the switching power would be reduced by up to three orders of magnitude by increasing the microcrystallite size, thus producing a slower (ns) but more power-efficient switch.
Pre‐delivery fibrinogen predicts adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes in patients with placental abruption (2016)

Pre-delivery fibrinogen can predict adverse maternal as well as neonatal outcomes with placental abruption. © 2016 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
Dysregulated Lysine Acetyltransferase 2B Promotes Inflammatory Bowel Disease Pathogenesis Through Transcriptional Repression of Interleukin-10 (2016)

Our findings demonstrated a novel epigenetic mechanism of IL-10 dysregulation in IBD. Down-regulation of KAT2B may disrupt the innate and adaptive inflammatory responses due to the suppression of this crucial anti-inflammatory cytokine.
Quantum Mechanical Features of Optically Pumped FIR C.W. Lasers (1976)

Generation of far infrared (FIR) laser radiation by means of optical pumping of molecules has received increasing attention over the past few years [1]. In the course of the development of FIR sources two important features have been largely neglected; (i) the assignment of the pump and FIR transitions; (ii) the detailed tuning behavior of the FIR emission. Knowledge of these two points is essential for a complete understanding of the optical pumping mechanism, and for assessing the full potential of various FIR laser sources and their extension to new spectral ranges. The assignment of CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> OH transitions is presented in another talk. This communication discusses the frequency characteristics of the FIR emission.
Die shear strength as a function of bond frame geometry — Au-Au thermo-compression bonding (2012)

The die shear strength has been studied as a function of bond frame geometry for wafer-level Au-Au thermo-compression bonds. The shear strength of samples with a 100 and 200 μm wide bond frame (bond area 1–2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) was higher and more uniform than that of samples with a 400 μm wide bond frame (bond area 4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Bond frames with rounded corners had higher bond strength than samples with right angled corners (strength increased by 10–20 %). Three different fracture modes were observed. These trends were supported by finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. Conservative bonding parameters (temperature ≥ 400 °C, time ≥ 15 min, pressure 21 MPa) were applied to assure a uniform bond quality for the inspected samples. Shear testing as a method to quantify bond strength was discussed in general and in particular with respect to observed effects of bond frame geometries.
Investigation of Sputter‐Deposited Thin Films of Lithium Phosphorous Sulfuric Oxynitride (LiPSON) as Solid Electrolyte for Electrochromic Devices (2021)

Lithium phosphorus sulfuric oxide nitride (LiPSON) prepared by radio frequency sputtering is investigated as a transparent solid lithium‐ion conductor for use in all‐solid‐state electrochromic (EC) devices. The LiPSON layers are characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and their electrical characteristics are studied by temperature‐dependent impedance spectroscopy. Half‐cells of LiPSON deposited on tungsten oxide (WO x ) in contact with 1 m LiClO 4 in propylene carbonate are studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and spectroelectrochemical measurements by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. A significant influence of LiPSON deposition conditions on the EC characteristics of WO x is observed in the achievable transparency change, as well as the color impression in the bleached and colored state. Formation of a solid−electrolyte interface (SEI) is indicated that leads to poor EC performance with long switching times of 20−60 min. Appropriate deposition conditions for LiPSON are established that maintain a good EC activity of WO x . An all‐solid‐state EC device is assembled of WO x /LiPSON with vanadium titanium oxide as counter electrode and aluminum‐doped zinc oxide as back contact. Temperature‐dependent EIS and spectroelectrochemical measurements show that in such an all‐solid‐state stack, the detrimental contact resistance could be avoided and switching times of less than 60 s are achieved.
Valine 738 and lysine 735 in the fifth transmembrane domain of rTas1r3 mediate insensitivity towards lactisole of the rat sweet taste receptor (2005)

The lactisole insensitivity of rat sweet taste receptor is caused by only two amino acids in transmembrane region five, which is critical for the interaction of lactisole with the sweet taste receptor. The observation that the mutant receptor simultaneously displays a generally reduced sensitivity towards all agonists suggests that the lactisole insensitivity of the rodent receptor might be more likely caused by the inaccessibility of the lactisole binding site rather then by its direct disruption.
A Novel Image Based Verification Method for Respiratory Motion Management in Radiation Therapy (2007)

Precise localization of moving targets is essential to increase local control of the cancer via dose escalation while reducing the severity of normal tissue complication. Localization of targets in real time with radio-opaque marker is less favorable considering the excess radiation dose to the patient and potential complications of implantation. Various external surrogates could provide indications of the targets' positions during the breathing process. However, there is a great deal of uncertainty in the correlation between external surrogates and internal target positions/trajectory during respiratory cycles. In order to address this problem, we have developed an algorithm that automatically establishes correspondences between the fluoroscopic sequence frames taken from the patient on the day of treatment and the various phases of a 4DCT planning data set. Image based mapping/synchronization procedure is performed using an underlying Markov model established for the breathing process. The mapping procedure is formulated as an optimization process and is solved efficiently using a dynamic programming technique. Results on the phantom, synthetic, and real patient data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in coping with respiratory correlation variations. The approach could primarily be used for automatic gating interval adaptation in the gated radiotherapy.
Chapter 5. The Antiviral and Antibacterial Properties of Riboflavin and Light: Applications To Blood Safety and Transfusion Medicine (2007)

In the developed world, blood products are extensively tested for the presence of pathogens prior to administration. Nevertheless, there exists a small, but finite risk of transmission of infectious agents in transfusion medicine.1 The risks of viral infection are due to the “window period”; the per...
Disinfectants for Spacecraft Applications: An Overview (1991)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In-flight contamination control has been an important concern of NASA since the first manned missions. Previous experience has shown that uncontrolled growth of bacteria and fungi can have a detrimental effect on both the health of the crew and the proper operation of flight hardware. It is therefore imperative to develop a safe, effective method of microbial control. Spacecraft application dictates a more stringent set of requirements for biocide selection than is usually necessary for terrestrial situations. Toxicity of the biocide is the driving factor for disinfectant choice in spacecraft. This concern greatly reduces the number and types of chemical agents that can be used as disinfectants. Currently, four biocide candidates (hydrogen peroxide, quaternary ammonium compounds, iodine, glutaraldehyde) are being evaluated as potential surface disinfectants for Space Station Freedom. Details are given on the rationale for biocide selection and the environmental and biological factors that influence biocide efficacy. Furthermore, the chemical and toxicological properties of these biocides and others are considered in relation to disinfection of spacecraft and allied hardware.&lt;/div&gt;
Response to Steroid and Duration of Radicular Pain as Predictors of Surgical Outcome (1992)

Prolonged structural compromise of spinal nerve roots can lead to chronic changes that surgical decompression might not be able to reverse. In this study, it was hypothesized that if there were a reversible structural pain component, a steroid injected into the patient's symptomatic nerve root should provide temporary pain relief and that these patients should have a favorable surgical outcome. It also was hypothesized that duration of radicular symptoms would correlate inversely with surgical outcome. For postoperative relief of radicular pain, the results showed that patients with pain lasting less than 1 year had a positive surgical result (89%), regardless of response to steroid. Patients with pain lasting more than 1 year and who have had a positive response to steroid injected into the symptomatic nerve root (roots) had a positive surgical outcome of 85%. Patients who did not respond to the steroid and had pain for more than 1 year (95%) generally had a poor surgical outcome. Although the poor outcome in the last group might be explained in some cases by an inadequate structural correction, inadequate stabilization, or functional reasons, the majority of these failures represented irreversible changes in the neural structures.
Benefits of Using Advanced Electrostatic Fields in Crude Oil Dehydrators and Desalters (2012)

Abstract Heavy crude oils continue to be a challenge to dehydrate for the Oil &amp; Gas Industry. The traditional remedy to the reduced oil / water density difference, higher crude oil viscosity and often smaller water droplets due to heavy crude oil production techniques, often leads to high operating temperatures, fouling, production upsets, very large treaters and dosage of large volumes of demulsifier chemicals. This leads to both higher OPEX as well as higher CAPEX. Other challenges include higher crude oil conductivity and increased crude oil emulsion viscosity due to higher water cuts. Typically crude oil dehydration vessels use heat, retention time and AC type electrostatic dehydration technology. The AC technology provides limited voltage gradients and is not efficient for treating conductive crude oils, leading to the use of very large vessels and power units, and the use of lower voltage gradients.
Three-Dimensional Structure and Reactivity of a Photochemical Cleavage Agent Bound to DNA (1998)

Irradiation of the anthraquinone derivative N,N-Bis(3-aminopropyl)-2-anthraquinonesulfonamide dihydrochloride (AQS2) when bound to DNA leads to strand cleavage, primarily at GG steps. The 1.8 Å X-ray structure of AQS2 bound to the DNA duplex [d(CGTACG)]2 shows an intercalated, groove-reversed complex with the out-of-plane “swallow tail” located in the major groove. Two molecules of AQS2 bind with the chromophores intercalated at each CG step. Extensive guanine−AQS2 interactions are observed in the intercalated complex, indicating that the ground-state anthraquinone and DNA are poised for efficient electron transfer after photoexcitation. AQS2 engages in guanine-selective van der Waals contacts and molecular orbital overlap. Molecular orbitals, calculated using coordinates of the X-ray structure, confirm the extensive electronic overlap between the redox partners. The bases adjacent to the intercalation site are well-stacked. The structure supports a model in which electron transfer from base to AQS2 and hole migration within DNA require significant electronic overlap.
The Use of Fake Ligands from Computational Solvent Mapping in Ligand and Structure-Based Virtual Screening (2016)

The fake ligands perform comparably to or better than the ligands from crystal structures across a set of ten targets. Thus, the approach is suitable for guiding virtual screening and hit-to-lead optimization.
Chemosensory properties of murine nasal and cutaneous trigeminal neurons identified by viral tracing (2006)

In conclusion, the usability of PrV mediated tracing of primary afferents was demonstrated. Using this technique it could be shown that compared with neurons innervating the skin nasal trigeminal neurons reveal pronounced chemosensitivity for TRPM8 and TRPV1 channel agonists and only partially meet properties typical for nociceptors. In contrast to P2X3 receptors, TRPM8 and TRPV1 receptors seem to be of pronounced physiological relevance for intranasal trigeminal sensation.