gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Nanowire Electronics-Enabling a Single CMOS Circuit Technology (2014)

Reconfigurable nanowire transistors are multifunctional switches that fuse the electrical characteristics of unipolar n- and p-type field effect transistors (FETs) into a single universal type of four-terminal device. In addition to the three known FET electrodes the fourth acts as an electric select signal that dynamically programs the desired polarity. The transistor consists of two independent charge carrier injection valves as realized by two gated Schottky junctions integrated within an intrinsic silicon nanowire. The transport properties that provide unipolar n- and p-type behavior will be elucidated. Further, solutions to the major device challenges toward the implementation of these novel transistors at the circuit level are proposed, by exploiting specific nanowire geometries and dimensions. These include methods that deliver equal on-currents and symmetric transfer characteristics for n- and p-type, and that eliminate supra-linear output characteristics at low source-drain biases. We will further show that circuits built of these symmetric transistors successfully exhibit complementary operation. Finally, the prospects in building reconfigurable circuits and systems will be briefly summarized.
The Gradient Anchorage Method for Prestressed CFRP Strips: from the Development to the Strengthening of an 18 M Long Bridge Girder (2018)

Abstract The external bonding of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips by two-component epoxy adhesive on the concrete surfaces of buildings and bridges is a retrofitting method accepted worldwide. The gradient anchorage (GA) is an anchoring method especially developed to anchor prestressed CFRP strips to concrete elements without a need for mechanical clamping after the installation phase. This method takes advantage of the adhesives property to undergo accelerated curing when heated. The results of more than fifteen years of research on the development of the gradient anchorage at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa) are presented in this paper. The basic principles and application steps are explained, and the main results starting from the development of the technique up to the testing of real scale girders are described, and the new challenges posed by this innovative system are highlighted. The gradient anchorage is a valid alternative to a mechanically anchored system for prestressed FRP (P-FRP).
Fibroblast growth factor‐1 attenuates TGF‐β1‐induced lung fibrosis (2016)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation, and extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) belongs to the FGF family and has been shown to inhibit fibroblast collagen production and differentiation into myofibroblasts, and revert epithelial-mesenchymal transition by inhibiting TGF-β1 signalling pathways. However, the precise role of FGF-1 in pulmonary fibrosis has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we explore the mechanisms underlying the anti-fibrogenic effect of FGF-1 in pulmonary fibrosis in vitro and in vivo by prolonged transient overexpression of FGF-1 (AdFGF-1) and TGF-β1 (AdTGF-β1) using adenoviral vectors. In vivo, FGF-1 overexpression markedly attenuated TGF-β1-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat lungs when given both concomitantly, or delayed, by enhancing proliferation and hyperplasia of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). AdFGF-1 also attenuated the TGF-β1 signalling pathway and induced FGFR1 expression in AECs. In vitro, AdFGF-1 prevented the increase in α-SMA and the decrease in E-cadherin induced by AdTGF-β1 in normal human lung fibroblasts, primary human pulmonary AECs, and A549 cells. Concomitantly, AdTGF-β1-induced Smad2 phosphorylation was significantly reduced by AdFGF-1 in both cell types. AdFGF-1 also attenuated the increase in TGFβR1 protein and mRNA levels in fibroblasts. In AECs, AdFGF-1 decreased TGFβR1 protein by favouring TGFβR1 degradation through the caveolin-1/proteasome pathway. Furthermore, FGFR1 expression was increased in AECs, whereas it was decreased in fibroblasts. In serum of IPF patients, FGF-1 levels were increased compared to controls. Interestingly, FGF-1 expression was restricted to areas of AEC hyperplasia, but not α-SMA-positive areas in IPF lung tissue. Our results demonstrate that FGF-1 may have preventative and therapeutic effects on TGF-β1-driven pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting myofibroblast differentiation, inducing AEC proliferation, regulating TGF-β1 signalling by controlling TGFβR1 expression and degradation, and regulating FGFR1 expression. Thus, modulating FGF-1 signalling represents a potential therapy for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of E1B-mutant Replicating Adenoviruses for Cancer Gene Therapy (2001)

We demonstrate that the inactivation of the E1B19kD gene in a replicating adenovirus leads to increased CPE, rapid viral release, improved cell-to-cell viral spread and increased induction of apoptosis.
연구논문 : 로진 - 말레산부가물과 디이소시아네이트로부터 폴리아미드이미드의 합성시 용제의 효과 (1990)

로진과 말레산무수물로부터 rosin-maleic anhydride adduct (RMA)를 합성하고 이를 방향족디이소시아네이트와 반응시켜서 폴리아미드이미드를 합성하였다. 반응촉매로는 Sodium methoxide(CH_3ONa)를 사용하였고 반응용제로는 N- 메틸- 2- 피를리돈(이하 NMP)을 사용하였다. NMP는 방향족디이소시아네이트와 부반응을 하기 때문에 중합체의 수율과 점성도가 낮았다. 부반응을 줄이기 위하여 NMP에 방향족용제인 크실렌, 아세토페논, 벤조니트릴 및 니트로벤젠을 공용제로 혼합, 사용하였다. 극성이 비교적 작은 공용제의 혼합시 공용제 혼합비율이 60%인 경우 약 70%정도, 극성이 비교적 큰 공용제의 혼합계에서는 혼합비율이 40%인 경우 90% 이상의 수율로서 높은 수율을 얻을 수 있었다. 중합체는 무정형이거나 약간의 결정성을 갖는 구조였으며 고극성용제에서만 용해하였다. 중합체의 점성도는 0.12-0.26dl/g의 범위였다. 열분석 결과 중합체의 초기분해온도는 330℃ 이상으로서 양호한 열안정성을 나타내었다.
IBM System z10 support for large pages (2009)

The IBM System z10™ mainframe provides an architectural framework for 1-MB virtual pages. With the new support provided in z/OS® 1.9, these large pages can be transparently used by middleware and applications. The use of large virtual memory pages for storage allocated at addresses above 2 GB can deliver significant performance gains. This paper reviews computer architecture trends and describes various implementations of large pages across the industry to explain why large pages are needed in today's operating system environments. It also reports results from innovative work focused on which workloads are subject to the largest performance boost from the use of large pages and how large-page support has been implemented on the System z10 platform and in the z/OS operating system. Results from recent performance tests are presented and analyzed.
Budding of melanized Cryptococcus neoformans in the presence or absence of l-dopa (2003)

Cryptococcus neoformans is a pathogenic fungus that produces melanin when incubated in the presence of certain phenolic substrates such as L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). Melanin is an enigmatic polymer that is deposited in the cell wall and contributes to virulence. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the synthesis of melanin and the mechanisms by which it contributes to virulence, but relatively little is known about how melanin is rearranged during growth and budding. In this study we used transmission and scanning electron microscopy and immunofluorescence of melanized cells and melanin 'ghosts' to study the process of melanization during replication. Budding in melanized C. neoformans results in focal disruption of cell-wall melanin at the bud site. In the presence of L-dopa, bud-related melanin defects are repaired and daughter cells are melanized. However, in the absence of substrate, mother cells cannot repair their melanin defects and daughter cells are non-melanized. Hence, melanin in the parent cell is not carried to the daughter cells, but rather is synthesized de novo in buds. These results imply that melanin remodelling occurs during cell growth in a process that involves degradation and synthesis at sites of budding.
Carbapenem Resistance Caused by High-Level Expression of OXA-663 β-Lactamase in an OmpK36-Deficient Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolate (2018)

Carbapenem resistance is mainly mediated by carbapenemases or extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) plus a loss of porins. However, we have identified a <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> clinical isolate that contains neither carbapenemases nor ESBLs. Instead, we found that high-level expression of a novel <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-10</sub>-derived β-lactamase gene, <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-663</sub>, in conjunction with OmpK36 deficiency results in high-level carbapenem resistance. This finding demonstrates the combinatorial complexity of factors, including β-lactamase activity, its expression levels, and porin activity, that yield carbapenem resistance.
Student use of prototypes to engage stakeholders during design (2016)

Her research focuses on strategies for design innovations through divergent and convergent thinking as well as through deep needs
Definitions and Standardized Endpoints for Treatment of Coronary Bifurcations (2022)

The Bifurcation Academic Research Consortium (Bif-ARC) project originated from the need to overcome the paucity of standardization and comparability between studies involving bifurcation coronary lesions. This document is the result of a collaborative effort between academic research organizations and the most renowned interventional cardiology societies focused on bifurcation lesions in Europe, the United States, and Asia. This consensus provides standardized definitions for bifurcation lesions; the criteria to judge the side branch relevance; the procedural, mechanistic, and clinical endpoints for every type of bifurcation study; and the follow-up methods. Considering the complexity of bifurcation lesions and their evaluation, detailed instructions and technical aspects for site and core laboratory analysis of bifurcation lesions are also reported. The recommendations included within this consensus will facilitate pooled analyses and the effective comparison of data in the future, improving the clinical relevance of trials in bifurcation lesions, and the quality of care in this subset of patients.
Dialkylaminoethyl-Functionalizedansa-Zirconocene Dichlorides: Precatalysts for the Regulation of the Molecular Weight Distribution of Polyethylene (2000)

The systematic regulation of the molecular weight distribution in the MAO-activated polymerization of ethylene has been realized by using amino-functionalized ansa-zirconocene dichlorides as precatalysts (one of the active species is shown). The formation of high- and low-molecular-weight polyethylene with a unimodal distribution as well as the formation of polyethylene with a bimodal distribution is possible by varying the polymerization temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Boron. Part 171. Crystal and Molecular Structure of 2,4‐Bis(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino)‐1,3,2,4‐dichalcogendiboretanes. (1986)

Abstract The molecular structures of the dioxa‐ and diselenadiboretanes (Ia) and (Ib) are determined by X‐ray analysis.
On the possibility of a 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ density, 1 meter long plasma for accelerator applications (2002)

Uniform, high density plasmas on the order of a few meters in length are needed for the next generation of plasma based particle accelerator boosters. Such plasmas are currently beyond the state of the art. In this poster, we present the results of a feasibility study for producing a one meter long, uniform plasma with a density of 10/sup 16/ cm/sup -3/ by laser ionization based on resonant saturation. Scaling laws relating plasma density and length, laser intensity and pulse width are found using a rate equation model developed by R.M. Measures et al. (1981). The status of initial experiments using a 30cm Li column will be presented.
Using a MAP-MRF model to improve 3D mesh segmentation algorithms (2013)

This paper proposes a novel method for improving the performance of a 3D-mesh segmentation algorithm. Our method takes a 3D-mesh object and a segmentation algorithm as input. Our approach uses a Markov Random Field (MRF) to estimate, for each mesh vertex, the likelihood that the vertex lies on a segmentation boundary. This is accomplished by repeating a process where we perturb the 3D mesh data and re-segmenting the surface using the provided algorithm and then analyzing the variation in the provided segmentation boundaries. Our MRF uses these segmentations as data to estimate the likelihood that each vertex is a member of a segmentation boundary. A prior is incorporated into the MRF that encourages solutions to satisfy smoothness conditions. The likelihood and prior are combined to generate a a-posteriori distribution for the mesh vertices that lie on a segmentation boundary. The improved segmentation is then taken as the collection of vertices which Maximize the APosteriori distribution, referred to as a MAP-MRF estimation. Results are provided for 2 different input algorithms and 3 different input surfaces and quantitative measures of the segmentation improvement are provided. The method can be applied to many segmentation algorithms to improve results which may otherwise suffer from over-segmentation or under-segmentation.
PET Quantification of the Norepinephrine Transporter in Human Brain with (S,S)-18F-FMeNER-D2 (2016)

Norepinephrine transporter (NET) in the brain plays important roles in human cognition and the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. Two radioligands, (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>11</sup>C-MRB and (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>18</sup>F-FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub>, have been used for imaging NETs in the thalamus and midbrain (including locus coeruleus) using PET in humans. However, NET density in the equally important cerebral cortex has not been well quantified because of unfavorable kinetics with (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>11</sup>C-MRB and defluorination with (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>18</sup>F-FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub>, which can complicate NET quantification in the cerebral cortex adjacent to the skull containing defluorinated <sup>18</sup>F radioactivity. In this study, we have established analysis methods of quantification of NET density in the brain including the cerebral cortex using (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>18</sup>F-FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub> PET. <b>Methods:</b> We analyzed our previous (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>18</sup>F-FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub> PET data of 10 healthy volunteers dynamically acquired for 240 min with arterial blood sampling. The effects of defluorination on the NET quantification in the superficial cerebral cortex was evaluated by establishing a time stability of NET density estimations with an arterial input 2-tissue-compartment model, which guided the less-invasive reference tissue model and area under the time-activity curve methods to accurately quantify NET density in all brain regions including the cerebral cortex. <b>Results:</b> Defluorination of (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>18</sup>F-FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub> became prominent toward the latter half of the 240-min scan. Total distribution volumes in the superficial cerebral cortex increased with the scan duration beyond 120 min. We verified that 90-min dynamic scans provided a sufficient amount of data for quantification of NET density unaffected by defluorination. Reference tissue model binding potential values from the 90-min scan data and area under the time-activity curve ratios of 70- to 90-min data allowed for the accurate quantification of NET density in the cerebral cortex. <b>Conclusion:</b> We have established methods of quantification of NET densities in the brain including the cerebral cortex unaffected by defluorination using (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>18</sup>F-FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub> These results suggest that we can accurately quantify NET density with a 90-min (<i>S</i>,<i>S</i>)-<sup>18</sup>F-FMeNER-D<sub>2</sub> scan in broad brain areas.
Rational Design of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors That Act by Covalently Bonding to Two Active Site Residues (2013)

The design and characterization of α-ketoheterocycle fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors are disclosed that additionally and irreversibly target a cysteine (Cys269) found in the enzyme cytosolic port while maintaining the reversible covalent Ser241 attachment responsible for their rapid and initially reversible enzyme inhibition. Two α-ketooxazoles (3 and 4) containing strategically placed electrophiles at the C5 position of the pyridyl substituent of 2 (OL-135) were prepared and examined as inhibitors of FAAH. Consistent with the observed time-dependent noncompetitive inhibition, the cocrystal X-ray structure of 3 bound to a humanized variant of rat FAAH revealed that 3 was not only covalently bound to the active site catalytic nucleophile Ser241 as a deprotonated hemiketal, but also to Cys269 through the pyridyl C5-substituent, thus providing an inhibitor with dual covalent attachment in the enzyme active site. In vivo characterization of the prototypical inhibitors in mice demonstrates that they raise endogenous brain levels of FAAH substrates to a greater extent and for a much longer duration (>6 h) than the reversible inhibitor 2, indicating that the inhibitors accumulate and persist in the brain to completely inhibit FAAH for a prolonged period. Consistent with this behavior and the targeted irreversible enzyme inhibition, 3 reversed cold allodynia in the chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in mice for a sustained period (>6 h) beyond that observed with the reversible inhibitor 2, providing effects that were unchanged over the 1-6 h time course monitored.
Kir potassium channel subunit expression in retinal glial cells: Implications for spatial potassium buffering† (2002)

To understand the role of different K(+) channel subtypes in glial cell-mediated spatial buffering of extracellular K(+), immunohistochemical localization of inwardly rectifying K(+) channel subunits (Kir2.1, Kir2.2, Kir2.3, Kir4.1, and Kir5.1) was performed in the retina of the mouse. Stainings were found for the weakly inward-rectifying K(+) channel subunit Kir4.1 and for the strongly inward-rectifying K(+) channel subunit Kir2.1. The most prominent labeling of the Kir4.1 protein was found in the endfoot membranes of Müller glial cells facing the vitreous body and surrounding retinal blood vessels. Discrete punctate label was observed throughout all retinal layers and at the outer limiting membrane. By contrast, Kir2.1 immunoreactivity was located predominantly in the membrane domains of Müller cells that contact retinal neurons, i.e., along the two stem processes, over the soma, and in the side branches extending into the synaptic layers. The results suggest a model in which the glial cell-mediated transport of extracellular K(+) away from excited neurons is mediated by the cooperation of different Kir channel subtypes. Weakly rectifying Kir channels (Kir4.1) are expressed predominantly in membrane domains where K(+) currents leave the glial cells and enter extracellular "sinks," whereas K(+) influxes from neuronal "sources" into glial cells are mediated mainly by strongly rectifying Kir channels (Kir 2.1). The expression of strongly rectifying Kir channels along the "cables" for spatial buffering currents may prevent an unwarranted outward leak of K(+), and, thus, avoid disturbances of neuronal information processing.
Immunoprotective Activity Induced by Leptospiral Outer Membrane Proteins in Hamster Model of Acute Leptospirosis (2020)

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of worldwide distribution, affecting both humans and animals. The development of an effective vaccine against leptospirosis has long been pursued but without success. Humans are contaminated after direct contact with the urine of infected animals or indirectly by contaminated water or soil. The vaccines available consist of inactivated whole-bacterial cells, and the active immunoprotective antigen is the lipopolysaccharide moiety, which is also the basis for serovar classification. However, these vaccines are short-lasting, and protection is only against serovars contained in the preparation. The search for prevalent antigens, present in pathogenic species of <i>Leptospira</i>, represents the most cost-effective strategy for prevention of leptospirosis. Thus, the identification of these antigens is a priority. In this study, we examined the immunoprotective effect of eight leptospiral recombinant proteins using hamster as the challenge model. Animals received subcutaneously two doses of vaccine containing 50 <i>μ</i>g of each recombinant protein adsorbed on alum adjuvant. Two weeks after the booster, animals were challenged with virulent leptospires and monitored for 21 days. All proteins were able to induce a specific immune response, although significant protective effects on survival rate were observed only for the proteins Lsa14, rLIC13259, and rLIC11711. Of these, only rLIC13259 and rLIC11711 were found to be highly prospective in promoting renal clearance. The sterilizing potential of both proteins will be further investigated to elucidate the immunoprotective mechanisms involved in leptospirosis control. These are the first proteins involved with human complement components with the capacity to protect against virulent challenge and to eliminate the bacteria from the host.
Selective deposition of films of polypyrrole, polyaniline and nickel on hydrophobic/hydrophilic patterned surfaces and applications (1997)

Computer-generated patterned hydrophobic films are produced on hydrophilic glass substrates by a microcontact “stamp” printing technique. The hydrophobic pattern is produced when the silicone elastomeric stamp (“inked” with C18H37SiCl3) contacts the hydrophilic surface. Thin films of polypyrrole and polyaniline are deposited preferentially on the hydrophobic patterned surfaces from dilute aqueous solutions of the polymerizing monomer. Conversely, strongly adhering films of metals such as nickel are deposited selectively by an electroless process on the hydrophilic substrate surfaces. The properties of the polymers deposited on the hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces will be discussed as well as the application of the patterned polymer in liquid crystal displays.
Applying Deep Learning to Object Store Caching (2018)

Cache replacement policies comprise one of the oldest and most researched topic in computer science. But recent advances in the fields of artificial intelligence and machine learning introduce novel insight and new opportunities which can benefit prefetching and cache replacement policies.
<title>Composite filter trees and image recognition via binary search</title> (1990)

Construction rules for building composite binary phase-only filters (CBPOFs) designed for use at the nodes of a binary tree have been developed using upweighted superposition algorithms. This paper describes the use of this method to build a four-target, rotation-invariant CBPOF bank on which binary tree searches can be performed. Each of the four trees in this filter bank consists of 256 simple filters (BPOFs) and 254 composites. Sequential search of the 256 simple filters is replaced by a binary search which uses at most 26 composites and 4 simple BPOFs. An image recognition system utilizing the filter bank has been developed, assembled, and evaluated by simulation and experiment. The empirical results obtained using a hybrid optical correlator with computer-controlled magneto-optic spatial light modulators (MOSLMs) at the input and filter planes are presented.