gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regional bioenergetic events in the experimental glioblastoma (1971)

M ALIGNANT brain tumors of glial origin, though composed of heterogeneous cellular populations, have sufficient regional homogeneity to qualify for quantitative histochemical examination. This report deals with a study of biochemical events occurring in selected cellular zones during anaerobiosis in the chemically induced murine glioblastoma. Depriving tissue of an oxygen supply and incubating in isolation permits a quantitative assessment of the mobilization of energy reserves, which in fact, gives an approximation of metabolic rate. 2 Confining energy-yielding reactions to a closed biochemical system allows a quantitative appraisal of glycolytic stoichiometry, and enables attention to be directed to unexpected energy reserves. The experimental mouse glioblastoma has a histological pattern indistinguishable from its human counterpart (Figs. 1 and 2). The tumor grows readily in a subcutaneous position in the C~H mouse, resembling a cylinder. To gain consistent histological orientation, sections across the narrow diameter of the elongated tumor were made after exposure of the tumor in its subfascial position in lightly anesthetized mice. Serial 2 mm cylinders were taken and rapidly frozen either immediately after separation (zero time), or incubated anaerobically in mineral oil at 37~ for intervals of time up to 4 hours prior to freezing. Once frozen, the tissue was sectioned at --20~ and the frozen sections dried in vacuum ( -40~ After the sections had dried, discrete cytological areas conforming to Zones A, B, and C (Fig. 2) were dissected at 100X. These areas, encompassing about 150 cells, were weighed on a quartz fiber balance, with individual samples weighing between 0.5-1.0 ~g. Weighed sections were transferred to microtubes and the following constituents measured: glucose, glycogen, ATP (adenosine triphosphatase), P-creatine, lactate, P~ (inorganic phosphate), NAD § NADH, NADP +, NADPH, as well as the various organic phosphorous fractions. Cycling and double-cycling analytical methods in conjunction with fluorimetry were utilized as described by Lowry and associates. 3 Analogous experiments have been conducted with ischemic murine white matter. Normal mouse brain responds to ischemia by rapidly expending endogeneous energy reserves (ATP, glycogen, glucose, P-creatine), and generates lactate in an amount expected from degraded hexose precursors. Expressing metabolic rate in terms of the flux of ~ P(high-energy phosphate bonds) gives a value for adult mouse white matter of about 16 mM ~ P/kgcD~ (dry weight) per min. 1 Metabolic rate is calculated on the basis of the degradation rates and ~ P equivalents of known anaerobic energy reserves, expressed as concentration A/time. In contrast to white matter, the experi-
Output feedback non-linear harmonic control of an industrial electric vehicle battery charger (2017)

International audience
Immunohistochemical Labeling for the Dpc4 Gene Product Is a Specific Marker for Adenocarcinoma in Biopsy Specimens of the Pancreas and Bile Duct (2001)

We immunohistochemically labeled 72 biopsy specimens from the extrahepatic biliary tree and pancreas for Dpc4 protein and correlated expression with histologic diagnosis and patient follow-up. Specimens were classified histologically as follows: nonneoplastic, 35; neoplastic, 22; atypical, 15. Loss of expression of Dpc4 protein was identified in 12 specimens; 11 were histologically diagnostic of carcinoma. The 12th specimen was from a patient whose biopsy specimen initially was diagnosed as "atypical," but clinical follow-up revealed adenocarcinoma. Of the 12 atypical biopsy specimens with intact expression for Dpc4, follow-up later revealed that 10 were adenocarcinoma. Loss of expression of Dpc4 protein was never identified in a benign specimen. Immunohistochemical labeling for the Dpc4 gene product is a specific marker of carcinoma in biopsy specimens of the pancreas and extrahepatic bile ducts and is marginally helpful in classifying atypical specimens. The sensitivity for carcinoma is low. This latter finding is not unexpected, because the DPC4 tumor suppressor gene is inactivated in only about half of pancreatic and biliary malignant neoplasms. Importantly, loss of Dpc4 expression has been reported in in situ carcinomas, suggesting that loss of expression should not be equated with invasive carcinoma.
Three-dimensional optoelectronic stacked processor by use of free-space optical interconnection and three-dimensional VLSI chip stacks (2002)

We present a demonstration system under the three-dimensional (3D) optoelectronic stacked processor consortium. The processor combines the advantages of optics in global, high-density, high-speed parallel interconnections with the density and computational power of 3D chip stacks. In particular, a compact and scalable optoelectronic switching system with a high bandwidth is designed. The system consists of three silicon chip stacks, each integrated with a single vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-laser-metal-semiconductor-metal detector array and an optical interconnection module. Any input signal at one end stack can be switched through the central crossbar stack to any output channel on the opposite end stack. The crossbar bandwidth is designed to be 256 Gb/s. For the free-space optical interconnection, a novel folded hybrid micro-macro optical system with a concave reflection mirror has been designed. The optics module can provide a high resolution, a large field of view, a high link efficiency, and low optical cross talk. It is also symmetric and modular. Off-the-shelf macro-optical components are used. The concave reflection mirror can significantly improve the image quality and tolerate a large misalignment of the optical components, and it can also compensate for the lateral shift of the chip stacks. Scaling of the macrolens can be used to adjust the interconnection length between the chip stacks or make the system more compact. The components are easy to align, and only passive alignment is required. Optics and electronics are separated until the final assembly step, and the optomechanic module can be removed and replaced. By use of 3D chip stacks, commercially available optical components, and simple passive packaging techniques, it is possible to achieve a high-performance optoelectronic switching system.
Calibration and multiple system fusion for spoken term detection using linear logistic regression (2014)

State-of-the-art calibration and fusion approaches for spoken term detection (STD) systems currently rely on a multi-pass approach where the scores are calibrated, then fused, and finally re-calibrated to obtain a single decision threshold across keywords. While the above techniques are theoretically correct, they rely on meta-parameter tuning and are prone to over-fitting. This study presents an efficient and effective score calibration technique for keyword detection that is based on the logistic regression calibration approach commonly used in forensic speaker identification. The technique applies seamlessly to both single systems and to system fusion, and enables optimization for specific keyword detection evaluation functions. We run experiments on a Vietnamese STD task, comparing the technique with more empirical calibration and fusion schemes and demonstrate that we can achieve comparable or better performance in terms of the NIST ATWV metric with a more elegant solution.
Supplementary Tables from MicroRNA-31 Predicts the Presence of Lymph Node Metastases and Survival in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 34K, Supplementary Table 1. Clinical demographic information of 43 lung ADC cases. NAT is normal adjacent tissue. Supplementary Table 2. Clinical demographic information of lung adenocarcinoma TCGA patients. Supplementary Table 3. IPA analysis for the downstream targets for miR-31. Supplementary Table 4. Genetic alteration overview of the cell lines used in this study. Supplementary Table 5. Correlation coefficient between EMT-related genes and miR-31 expression.&lt;/p&gt;
Eosinophilic Endomyocarditis: A Rare Case of Neonatal Mortality (2015)

Background Eosinophilic endomyocarditis (EEM) is a rare diagnosis that is extremely uncommon in newborns. This case report aimed to present a case of neonatal mortality from acute cardiac failure due to EEM. Case Our report presents a term male neonate with minor complications in the immediate postnatal course, who was discharged at 48 hours of life, but who developed unexpected respiratory distress, followed by cardiac arrest and death at 3 days of life. One day after discharge, the infant developed respiratory distress and cool skin, and then developed cardiac arrest at the pediatrician's office, undergoing resuscitation with intravenous fluid, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, epinephrine, atropine, and failed intubation. Autopsy revealed EEM, an inflammatory infiltrative process involving the endomyocardium. Pathology Pathogenesis involves three stages: (1) myocarditis with an acute eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate followed by (2) myocyte necrosis and eventually (3) fibrosis in the final stage of the disease. Discussion The cause of death was acute cardiac failure due to intense eosinophilic infiltration and degranulation with early subendocardial myocyte necrosis but before development of extensive myocyte necrosis. This case appears to be the youngest patient reported with EEM.
Oxygen-Binding Profile of the Iron Porphyrin Complex Embedded in Polymerized Liposome: Effect of the Polymerized Liposome on the Stability and the Oxygen-Binding Ability of the Iron Porphyrin Complex (1987)

Abstract 5,10,15,20-Tetra(α,α,α,α, -o-(2′, 2′-dimethyl-20′-(2′ α-trimethylammonioethyl)phosphonatoxyeicosanamido)phenyl)porphinatoiron(II) (lipidheme) complex embedded in polymerized liposome was prepared by polymerizing l-(9-(p-vinylbenzoyl)nonanoyl)-2-O-octadecyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine in the presence of lipid-heme under ultraviolet irradiation. The polymerization proceeded rapidly, and the reduction of the hemin to the heme occurred spontaneously during the polymerization. The lipid-heme complex embedded in the polymerized liposome bound molecular oxygen reversibly under physiological conditions (pH 7, 37°C) and was chemically, physically, and mechanically stable during storage for a long period and even in a high-speed flow system. The oxygen-binding affinity was not affected by the type of medium due to the effect of the rigid polymerized liposome.
Ergonomic handheld OCT angiography probe optimized for pediatric and supine imaging (2019)

OCT angiography is a functional extension of OCT that allows for non-invasive imaging of retinal microvasculature. However, most current OCT angiography systems are tabletop systems that are typically used for imaging compliant, seated subjects. These systems cannot be readily applied for imaging important patient populations such as bedridden patients, patients undergoing surgery in the operating room, young children in the clinic, and infants in the intensive care nursery. In this manuscript, we describe the design and development of a non-contact, handheld probe optimized for OCT angiography that features a novel diverging light on the scanner optical design that provides improved optical performance over traditional OCT scanner designs. Unlike most handheld OCT probes, which are designed to be held by the side of the case or by a handle, the new probe was optimized for ergonomics of supine imaging where imagers prefer to hold the probe by the lens tube. The probe's design also includes an adjustable brace that gives the operator a point of contact closer to the center of mass of the probe, reducing the moment of inertia around the operator's fingers, facilitating stabilization, and reducing operator fatigue. The probe supports high-speed imaging using a 200 kHz swept source OCT engine, has a motorized stage that provides + 10 to -10 D refractive error correction and weighs 700g. We present initial handheld OCT angiography images from healthy adult volunteers, young children during exams under anesthesia, and non-sedated infants in the intensive care nursery. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first reported use of handheld OCT angiography in non-sedated infants, and the first handheld OCT angiography images which show the clear delineation of key features of the retinal capillary complex including the foveal avascular zone, peripapillary vasculature, the superficial vascular complex, and the deep vascular complex.
Effect of Preoperative Exercise on Postoperative Mobility in Obese Total Joint Replacement Patients (2010)

There has been a significant increase in obesity in the United States over the past 20 years. Reports in the literature identify the association of obesity-related osteoarthritis and the likelihood of future total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in this patient population. However, little is known about the effect of preoperative exercise on immediate postoperative mobility and discharge disposition in obese total joint replacement patients. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of preoperative exercise in the obese total joint replacement patient on early postoperative mobility and discharge disposition. We retrospectively reviewed a consecutive series of patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m 2 who underwent primary total joint replacement surgery from June 2005 through October 2005 at 1 institution. Two hundred seven patients met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-five patients performed self-reported preoperative exercise, defined as physical activity deemed above and beyond that of activities of daily living. Fewer exercise patients, 6.8%, required the assistance of ≥2 caregivers for mobility on postoperative day 1 vs 17.4% for nonexercisers. Fifty-four percent of patients participating in preoperative exercise were discharged home vs 46% who did not participate in exercise. A preoperative exercise program can improve postoperative functional mobility and increase the likelihood of discharge home in total joint replacement patients with a BMI of ≥30 kg/m 2 .
When Oral Therapy Can Replace Intravenous Antibiotics—Changing Practice as New Data Emerge (2023)

This essay describes a physician-patient’s experience with unchanged practice patterns despite the publication of new data challenging those patterns.
Recycling of natural fiber composites: Challenges and opportunities (2021)

Natural fibers have been widely used for reinforcing polymers attributed to their sustainable nature, excellent stiffness to weight ratio, biodegradability, and low cost compared with synthetic fibers like carbon or glass fibers. Thermoplastic composites offer an advantage of recyclability after their service life, but challenges and opportunities remain in the recycling of natural fiber reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs). This article summarized the effects of reprocessing/recycling on the material properties of NFRPCs. The material properties considered include mechanical performance, thermal properties, hygroscopic behavior, viscoelasticity, degradation, and durability. NFRPCs can generally be recycled approximately 4–6 times until their thermomechanical properties change. After recycling 7 times, the tensile strength of NFRPCs can decrease by 17%, and the tensile modulus can decrease by 28%. The mitigation approaches to overcome degradation of material properties of NFRPCs such as adding functional additives and virgin plastics are also discussed. The main challenges in these approaches such as degradation and incompatibility are discussed, and an effort is made to provide a rationale for reprocessing/recyclability assessment. Future applications of NFRPCs such as additive manufacturing and automotive part use are discussed.
GOAL: Generating 4D Whole-Body Motion for Hand-Object Grasping (2021)

Generating digital humans that move realistically has many applications and is widely studied, but existing methods focus on the major limbs of the body, ignoring the hands and head. Hands have been separately studied, but the focus has been on generating realistic static grasps of objects. To synthesize virtual characters that interact with the world, we need to generate full-body motions and realistic hand grasps simultaneously. Both sub-problems are challenging on their own and, together, the state-space of poses is significantly larger, the scales of hand and body motions differ, and the whole-body posture and the hand grasp must agree, satisfy physical constraints, and be plausible. Additionally, the head is involved because the avatar must look at the object to interact with it. For the first time, we address the problem of generating full-body, hand and head motions of an avatar grasping an unknown object. As input, our method, called GOAL, takes a 3D object, its position, and a starting 3D body pose and shape. GOAL outputs a sequence of whole-body poses using two novel networks. First, GNet generates a goal whole-body grasp with a realistic body, head, arm, and hand pose, as well as hand-object contact. Second, MNet generates the motion between the starting and goal pose. This is challenging, as it requires the avatar to walk towards the object with foot-ground contact, orient the head towards it, reach out, and grasp it with a realistic hand pose and hand-object contact. To achieve this, the networks exploit a representation that combines SMPL-X body parameters and 3D vertex offsets. We train and evaluate GOAL, both qualitatively and quantitatively, on the GRAB dataset. Results show that GOAL generalizes well to unseen objects, outperforming baselines. GOAL takes a step towards synthesizing realistic full-body object grasping.
Fast Optimization of Electromagnetic Design Problems Using the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolutionary Strategy (2011)

A new method of optimization recently made popular in the evolutionary computation (EC) community is introduced and applied to several electromagnetics design problems. First, a functional overview of the covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES) is provided. Then, CMA-ES is critiqued alongside a conventional particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm via the design of a wideband stacked-patch antenna. Finally, the two algorithms are employed for the design of small to moderate size aperiodic ultrawideband antenna array layouts (up to 100 elements). The results of the two electromagnetics design problems illustrate the ability of CMA-ES to provide a robust, fast and user-friendly alternative to more conventional optimization strategies such as PSO. Moreover, the ultrawideband array designs that were created using CMA-ES are seen to exhibit performances surpassing the best examples that have been reported in recent literature.
(Invited) Challenges on Surface Conditioning in 3D Device Architectures: Triple-Gate FinFETs, Gate-All-Around Lateral and Vertical Nanowire FETs (2017)

This work reports on some key integration aspects for 3D devices fabrication, focusing first on the impact of thermal and plasma treatments at gate module for triple-gate finFETs and their ultimate scaling limit: gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire (NW) FETs, which can be implemented in a lateral (with one or more lateral wires vertically stacked) or vertical configuration. The selected doping schemes and gate metals can also be powerful knobs to engineer the interface properties. In addition, specific steps for lateral NWFETs, such as the wires release process, will be addressed here. Vertical NWFETs, corresponding to the move from a 2D to a 3D CMOS layout, have the potential for lower parasitics, reduced power consumption and for enabling smaller, higher performing SRAM bitcells. We will present here alternative, novel approaches for building and characterizing these devices, focusing on channel-first schemes with improved process control, while tackling critical etch-layout dependences.
Miniature diffraction-based optical MEMS microphones with integrated optoelectronics (2008)

Diffraction-based optical interferometric sensing has been shown to be a low-noise displacement detection method for MEMS microphones. For this method to be useful in many important applications such as hearing aids, it needs to be packaged in a small volume and should have power consumption levels suitable for operation with a battery. In this talk, we describe miniature, packaged optical microphones that use solid state vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) as light sources and custom designed photodetectors. The package carries silicon chips with two micromachined biomimetic differential microphones as well as an omnidirectional microphone. It is made by 3-D laser stereo lithography process and has dimensions suitable for behind-the-ear hearing aids. With this configuration, the input referred noise floor for the differential microphone is measured as 42.6dBA, limited by the VCSEL intensity noise in this particular case. In addition to miniature packaging, an optoelectronic chip including VCSEL pulser, photodetectors, transimpedance amplifiers and 1 bit Sigma-Delta ADC has been implemented in 1.5V, 0.35u CMOS technology. The second order ADC structure providing 14-bits of theoretical resolution with 64 over sampling ratio and 20 kHz input signal is described and initial characterization results are presented.
Differential Proteomic Analysis of Human Placenta‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Cultured on Normal Tissue Culture Surface and Hyaluronan‐Coated Surface (2015)

Our previous results showed that hyaluronan (HA) preserved human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PDMSC) in a slow cell cycling mode similar to quiescence, the pristine state of stem cells in vivo, and HA was found to prevent murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells from senescence. Here, stable isotope labeling by amino acid in cell culture (SILAC) proteomic profiling was used to evaluate the effects of HA on aging phenomenon in stem cells, comparing (1) old and young passage PDMSC cultured on normal tissue culture surface (TCS); (2) old passage on HA-coated surface (CHA) compared to TCS; (3) old and young passage on CHA. The results indicated that senescence-associated protein transgelin (TAGLN) was upregulated in old TCS. Protein CYR61, reportedly senescence-related, was downregulated in old CHA compared to old TCS. The SIRT1-interacting Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) increased by 2.23-fold in old CHA compared to old TCS, and is 0.48-fold lower in old TCS compared to young TCS. Results also indicated that components of endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD) pathway were upregulated in old CHA compared to old TCS cells, potentially for overcoming stress to maintain cell function and suppress senescence. Our data points to pathways that may be targeted by HA to maintain stem cells youth.
Virtual Distillation for Quantum Error Mitigation (2021)

Contemporary quantum computers have relatively high levels of noise, making it difficult to use them to perform useful calculations, even with a large number of qubits. Quantum error correction is expected to eventually enable fault-tolerant quantum computation at large scales, but until then, it will be necessary to use alternative strategies to mitigate the impact of errors. We propose a near-term friendly strategy to mitigate errors by entangling and measuring M copies of a noisy state . This enables us to estimate expectation values with respect to a state with dramatically reduced error M =Tr M without explicitly preparing it, hence the name "virtual distillation." As M increases, this state approaches the closest pure state to exponentially quickly. We analyze the effectiveness of virtual distillation and find that it is governed in many regimes by the behavior of this pure state (corresponding to the dominant eigenvector of ). We numerically demonstrate that virtual distillation is capable of suppressing errors by multiple orders of magnitude and explain how this effect is enhanced as the system size grows. Finally, we show that this technique can improve the convergence of randomized quantum algorithms, even in the absence of device noise.