gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural and chemical analysis of ion beam produced conductive regions on highly resistive organic films (1984)

Thin films of both polymeric and nonpolymeric organic solids turn optically dense and electrically conductive on irradiation with high energy ion beams (e.g., 2 MeV Ar+). The structural and chemical properties of these films were investigated by ultraviolet (UV) visible, infrared (IR), Raman spectroscopic techniques, electron spin resonance (ESR), electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), and Rutherford backscattering (RBS) measurements. Specifically, in the case of 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) and nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc), and UV visible, IR, and Raman spectra show the loss of the initial molecular structure at low irradiation doses (1013–1014 cm−2) followed by the appearance, at high doses, of a spectrum similar to that observed for amorphous carbon. The Raman spectra indicate the absence of any long range graphitic microcrystalline structure and suggest that the films are nearly amorphous at higher doses. The RBS spectra indicate gradual loss of oxygen in PTCDA with increasing irradiation dose. There is negligible oxygen left in the film at high doses and a maximum loss of ∼35% (∼15%) of the carbon atoms in PTCDA (NiPc) is observed. The resistivity of the films decreases with increasing dose, reaching a minimum of ∼5×10−4 Ω cm at a dose of ∼1017 Ar+/cm2. Surprisingly, the resistivity of these films at high doses (∼1017 Ar+/cm2) is considerably lower than that of any amorphous phase of carbon. In the case of NiPc, such a low resistivity is obtained even though 60% of the N and 100% of the Ni originally contained in the films are retained. In situ measurements of the evolution rate of molecular fragments during the bombardment indicate a decrease with dose, suggestive of an irreversible modification of the material with ion bombardment.
Angiostatin Produced by Certain Primary Uveal Melanoma Cell Lines Impedes the Development of Liver Metastases (2001)

In certain circumstances, enucleating a melanoma-containing eye may unwittingly exacerbate metastatic disease. The results also suggest that exogenous angiostatin may have potential therapeutic implications in the management of patients with primary intraocular melanomas.
Experimental validation of a fault diagnostic method in SPWM and SVPWM CHB-MLIs (2021)

Effective and systematic fault diagnostic measure is demanded by the consistent operation of the multilevel inverter systems (MLIs). This research work explores the open-circuit (OC) fault diagnosis associated with cascaded H-bridge (CHB) MLIs. Here, a diagnostic scheme is proposed centered on the bridge voltages as the diagnostic parameter. In order to authenticate the scheme, experimental validations of the proposed method are carried out on multicarrier-sinusoidal and space vector modulated symmetric CHB-MLIs. The outcomes prove the validity of the presented FDD scheme in identifying and locating the fault in both sinusoidal and space vector modulated symmetric CHB-MLIs.
Preamplifiers for non-contact capacitive biopotential measurements (2013)

Non-contact biopotential sensing is an attractive measurement strategy for a number of health monitoring applications, primarily the ECG and the EEG. In all such applications a key technical challenge is the design of a low-noise trans-impedance preamplifier for the typically low-capacitance, high source impedance sensing electrodes. In this paper, we compare voltage and charge amplifier designs in terms of their common mode rejection ratio, noise performance, and frequency response. Both amplifier types employ the same operational-transconductance amplifier (OTA), which was fabricated in a 0.35 um CMOS process. The results show that a charge amplifier configuration has advantages for small electrode-to-subject coupling capacitance values (less than 10 pF--typical of noncontact electrodes) and that the voltage amplifier configuration has advantages for electrode capacitances above 10 pF.
Measurement of laxity in the anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee: A comparison of three different methods in vitro (2007)

The aim of this study was to compare in-vitro measurements of anteroposterior laxity in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee using three different methods: an Instron materials-testing machine, then a KT-2000 arthrometer, and finally by Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA). Eight ACL-deficient human cadaver knees were used. Total displacement was measured between 90 N anterior and 90 N posterior tibiofemoral drawer forces at both 20 degrees and 90 degrees knee flexion. Laxity ranged from 11.5 to 27.6 mm at 20 degrees and from 8.7 to 23.9 mm at 90degrees. A statistically significant difference was not found between the mean RSA and KT-2000 measurements. However, the mean Instron measurements of laxity were significantly (3-4 mm) higher than both RSA and KT-2000 measurements. The clinical methods of RSA and the KT-2000 measurements agreed well but appeared to underestimate tibiofemoral anteroposterior laxity compared with the materials-testing machine. These findings may be helpful in the future comparison of different studies.
From x-rays to silly putty via Uranus (2009)

The act of encountering information unexpectedly has long been identified as valuable, both as a joy in itself and as part of task-focused problem solving. There has been a concern that highly accurate search engines and targeted personalization may reduce opportunities for serendipity on the Web. We examine whether there is the potential for serendipitous encounters during Web search, and whether improving search relevance through personalization reduces this potential. By studying Web search query logs and the results people judge relevant and interesting, we find many of the queries people perform return interesting (potentially serendipitous) results that are not directly relevant. Rather than harming serendipity, personalization appears to identify interesting results in addition to relevant ones.
Association of Presynaptic Loss with Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline (2022)

Tau aggregations rather than Aβ plaques primarily drive presynaptic dysfunction measured by CSF GAP43, which may lead to sequential neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment in AD or neurodegenerative diseases. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:1001-1015.
GreedyDual-Join: Locality-Aware Buffer Management for Approximate Join Processing Over Data Streams (2004)

We investigate adaptive buffer management techniques for approximate evaluation of sliding window joins over multiple data streams. In many applications, data stream processing systems have limited memory or have to deal with very high speed data streams. In both cases, computing the exact results of joins between these streams may not be feasible, mainly because the buffers used to compute the joins contain much smaller number of tuples than the tuples contained in the sliding windows. Therefore, a stream buffer management policy is needed in that case. We show that the buffer replacement policy is an important determinant of the quality of the produced results. To that end, we propose GreedyDual-Join (GDJ) an adaptive and locality-aware buffering technique for managing these buffers. GDJ exploits the temporal correlations (at both long and short time scales), which we found to be prevalent in many real data streams. We note that our algorithm is readily applicable to multiple data streams and multiple joins and requires almost no additional system resources. We report results of an experimental study using both synthetic and real-world data sets. Our results demonstrate the superiority and flexibility of our approach when contrasted to other recently proposed techniques.
CD21−/low Marginal Zone B Cells Highly Express Fc Receptor–like 5 Protein and Are Killed by Anti–Fc Receptor–like 5 Immunotoxins in Hepatitis C Virus–Associated Mixed Cryoglobulinemia Vasculitis (2013)

These findings suggest that FCRL-5-targeting therapies could be a specific treatment for HCV-associated MC vasculitis and other FCRL-5-positive autoimmune B cell disorders.
Regulation of Brown Fat Adipogenesis by Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (2011)

These data indicate that PTP1B is a modulator of brown fat adipogenesis and suggest that adipocyte differentiation requires regulated expression of PTP1B.
HSD3B1 genotype and abiraterone (Abi) metabolites in patients (pts) with prostate cancer (PCa). (2018)

325 Background: Abi, a potent inhibitor of 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase (CYP17A1), is an oral treatment option for metastatic PCa in castration-resistant and -sensitive settings. Abi is converted to ∆ 4 , 3-keto-abi (D4A) by 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3βHSD). D4A is further metabolized to multiple downstream steroidal metabolites including 3-keto-5α-Abi (5αA), which is an androgen receptor (AR) agonist and might affect response and/or resistance to Abi. The common HSD3B1(1245C) germline variant encodes for a 3βHSD missense that increases enzyme activity that allows tumors to utilize extragonadal androgens and is a predictive biomarker of resistance to ADT and sensitivity to CYP17A1 inhibition. However, the more active 3βHSD protein might increase 5αA synthesis, possibly limiting the clinical benefit of Abi. Methods: Blood was collected from CRPC pts on Abi and drug metabolites (MA) were extracted from serum, and analyzed by mass spectrometry. To correct for pharmacokinetics (PK) of time from last dose to blood draw in this cohort, data were normalized to the 8-hour time point of a separate PK study of Abi MAs and grouped by HSD3B1 genotype. HSD3B1 genotype was determined using germline DNA. Results: Abi MAs were evaluated in the sera of 30 CRPC pts on Abi. Abi, D4A, 5αA, were detectable in the sera of all pts. There were 8, 19, and 3 pts with homozygous wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous variant HSD3B1 genotypes. HSD3B1 variant allele inheritance was associated with a statistically significant increase in 5αA concentrations, with highest concentration of 5αA MAs observed in homozygous variant HSD3B1 pts (Table). Conclusions: Germline HSD3B1 variant genotype is associated with higher 5αA metabolites with possible implications for AR stimulation and adverse clinical outcomes on Abi. [Table: see text]
Lattice theories of polymeric fluids (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLattice theories of polymeric fluidsKarl F. Freed and M. G. BawendiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 6, 2194–2203Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100343a006https://doi.org/10.1021/j100343a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Redox‐initiated poly(methyl methacrylate) emulsion polymerizations stabilized with block copolymers based on methoxy‐poly(ethylene glycol), ε‐caprolactone, and linoleic acid (2009)

Abstract A redox initiating system, consisting of t ‐butyl hydroperoxide ( t BHPO), isoascorbic acid (iAA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ferric‐sodium salt (FeEDTA) was employed in emulsion polymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) at high solids contents of 30 wt % in water. The system was stabilized using, linoleic acid (LA)‐functionalized and nonfunctionalized surfactants based on methoxy‐PEG (MPEG) and ε‐caprolactone (CL). To optimize polymerization conditions and to avoid coagulation and solidification during the reaction, the temperature, the amount of initiator, the chemical characteristics of the surfactant, and the surfactant to monomer ratio were varied. MPEO 45 ‐CL 6. 5 ‐LA (the subscripts refer to the average number of repeating monomer units) was found to be the most suitable surfactant, as it performs adequately under suboptimal reaction conditions. In the emulsion polymerization of MMA in water at ∼30 wt %, best results were obtained at a reaction temperature of 60 °C, with an initiator system comprising t BHPO iAA and FeEDTA, and a surfactant to monomer ratio of 10/90 by weight or higher. Under these conditions, stable PMMA latices with average particle sizes of 200–300 nm were obtained at complete monomer conversion. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 4234–4244, 2009
Control of Velocity, Driving Pressure, and Planarity During Flyer Launch with Vaporizing Foil Actuator (2014)

Electrically-driven rapid vaporization of thin conductors produces a high-pressure pulse which can be used to accelerate thin metal sheets to high velocities. Recently, vaporizing foil actuators (VFA) have been applied toward a variety of impulse-based metalworking operations such as collision welding, closed-die forming, embossing, and shearing. To better apply VFA to different purposes, it is necessary to develop an understanding of how variations on the characteristics of the foil actuator affect its mechanical impulse generation. In this work, actuators made out of 0.0508, 0.0762, and 0.127 mm thick full hard temper AA1145 foil were used to launch 0.508 mm thick AA2024-T3 sheets toward a photonic Doppler velocimeter (PDV) probe. Launch velocities ranging between 300 and 1000 m/s were observed over a distance of less than 3 mm, and repeated trials demonstrated repeatable results. Velocity, current and voltage traces were used to examine the effect of deposited energy on average pressure and resulting velocity for foil actuators of various thicknesses. The planarity of the flyer sheets’ launch and flight was demonstrated with 0.0762 mm foil actuators by experiments that employed multiple PDV probes simultaneously recording the velocity evolution at different locations across the surface of the flyer.
Iodine promoted dual oxidative C(sp3)–H amination of 2-methyl-3-arylquinazolin-4(3H)-ones: a facile route to 1,4-diarylimidazo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-ones (2018)

An iodine promoted tandem oxidative condensation of benzylamines and 2-methylquinazolin-4-(3H)-ones was developed to yield imidazo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-ones via dual C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H amination under metal free conditions in a greener way using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant. This tandem transformation provides an efficient approach to construct various functionalized imidazo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-ones in a straightforward manner via a sequential amination-oxidation-annulation-aromatisation.
Pooled Results of Two Randomized Phase III Trials Evaluating VP-102, a Drug-Device Combination Product Containing Cantharidin 0.7% (w/v) for the Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT03377790 (first posted 19 December 2017) and NCT03377803 (first posted 19 December 2017). Video abstract: Pooled Results of Two Randomized Phase III Trials Evaluating VP 102, a Drug Device Combination Product Containing Cantharidin 0.7% (w/v) for the Treatment of Molluscum Contagiosum (MP4 131293 KB).
Cooperative caching with return on investment (2013)

Large scale consolidation of distributed systems introduces data sharing between consumers which are not centrally managed, but may be physically adjacent. For example, shared global data sets can be jointly used by different services of the same organization, possibly running on different virtual machines in the same data center. Similarly, neighboring CDNs provide fast access to the same content from the Internet. Cooperative caching, in which data are fetched from a neighboring cache instead of from the disk or from the Internet, can significantly improve resource utilization and performance in such scenarios. However, existing cooperative caching approaches fail to address the selfish nature of cache owners and their conflicting objectives. This calls for a new storage model that explicitly considers the cost of cooperation, and provides a framework for calculating the utility each owner derives from its cache and from cooperating with others. We define such a model, and construct four representative cooperation approaches to demonstrate how (and when) cooperative caching can be successfully employed in such large scale systems. We present principal guidelines for cooperative caching derived from our experimental analysis. We show that choosing the best cooperative approach can decrease the system's I/O delay by as much as 87%, while imposing cooperation when unwarranted might increase it by as much as 92%.
Binding events through the mutual synchronization of spintronic nano-neurons (2022)

The brain naturally binds events from different sources in unique concepts. It is hypothesized that this process occurs through the transient mutual synchronization of neurons located in different regions of the brain when the stimulus is presented. This mechanism of 'binding through synchronization' can be directly implemented in neural networks composed of coupled oscillators. To do so, the oscillators must be able to mutually synchronize for the range of inputs corresponding to a single class, and otherwise remain desynchronized. Here we show that the outstanding ability of spintronic nano-oscillators to mutually synchronize and the possibility to precisely control the occurrence of mutual synchronization by tuning the oscillator frequencies over wide ranges allows pattern recognition. We demonstrate experimentally on a simple task that three spintronic nano-oscillators can bind consecutive events and thus recognize and distinguish temporal sequences. This work is a step forward in the construction of neural networks that exploit the non-linear dynamic properties of their components to perform brain-inspired computations.
A novel ring-closure strategy for the carbapenems: the total synthesis of (+)-thienamycin (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel ring-closure strategy for the carbapenems: the total synthesis of (+)-thienamycinStephen Hanessian, Denis Desilets, and Youssef L. BennaniCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 10, 3098–3103Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00297a026RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views786Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (825 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of self-heating phenomenon in oxide thin-film transistors under pulsed bias voltage (2015)

Degradation by Joule heating of amorphous metal oxide thin-film transistors is one of the important issues for realizing next-generation displays. To clarify the self-heating degradation mechanism, it is indispensable to analyze the detailed temperature change of TFTs. In this study, we proposed a technique to suppress deterioration caused by self-heating in terms of driving methods, and investigated relation on the temperature change in the degradation mechanism caused by self-heating.
A Fluorine and Germanium Co-doped Multimode Fibre for Wide Operation Window (2006)

A novel graded-index multimode fibre is proposed. Co-doping appropriately fluorine and germanium into silica makes the optimum index parameter alpha of the fibre much less dependent on wavelength and results in a wide operation window.
Tannin analysis of food products (1986)

Phenolic substances occur primarily in fruits and vegetables and in the seeds of certain pigmented cultivars of sorghum, millets, and legumes. One of the major difficulties encountered in polyphenol research is the lack of a standard quantitative method for the analysis of phenolics that would be suitable for a wide range of seeds, forage crops, and food products and under a variety of experimental conditions. Some methods measure "total phenol", which may not be a true index of the nutritional quality of foods and thus does not distinguish polyphenols of nutritional concern from other low-molecular-weight phenols that also occur naturally in these products. Tannic acid (a hydrolyzable gallotannin) is commonly used as a "reference standard", but this may be a questionable practice since its biological properties differ from those of tannins of flavonoid origin. Polyphenols of cereals and legumes are predominantly of the latter type. Also, commercially available tannic acid has been shown to be a mixture of four phenolic compounds, the relative proportions of which vary with the samples. Thus, the choice of a suitable standard for tannin analysis is also important. The quantitative extraction of the condensed tannins from plant tissue is always difficult, since it may be complexed to a carbohydrate or protein matrix which could be quite insoluble due to a high degree of polymerization. The literature on tannin methodology is diverse and at times conflicting. Currently available methods for tannin analysis range from simple colorimetric, UV spectrophotometric, chromatographic, and enzymic to more sophisticated and expensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. None of these methods of analyses is completely satisfactory nor can it be applied to different food products with the same degree of success. This review covers physical and chemical methods for tannin analysis of different food products, the problems in analysis and interpretation of data, and future research needs in this area.