gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of a two channel Doppler radar sensor for the characterization of heart motion phases (2006)

This paper investigates a two-channel Doppler radar sensor that can provide information on the direction of movement. The radar sensor has the advantage of non-invasive, contactless measurements, compared to ultrasound. From theoretical considerations and a working model, we deduce a criterion for extracting points of no movement in a heart cycle. We propose to use this criterion to characterize the heart motion phases, beyond looking at signal morphology only. In contrast to the ECG, this technique provides easy and comfortable access to information about the mechanical activity of the heart.
Formation of organic molecular nanocrystals under rigid confinement with analysis by solid state NMR (2014)

Crystallization in rigid confinement is a promising method to obtain organic molecular nanocrystals. However, the crystallization behavior and the related characterization methods are not well studied. Here we present a systematic study of the nucleation of organic molecular nanocrystals in rigid pores. Four different compounds were studied, ibuprofen, fenofibrate, griseofulvin, and indomethacin, which range from simple to complex molecules. Solid-state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) was employed to analyse the structure of these compounds inside pores which are difficult to characterize by other analytical methods. We successfully demonstrated the production of nano-crystalline ibuprofen, fenofibrate and griseofulvin in porous silica particles with ~ 40 nm pores. These nanocrystals showed significant enhancement in dissolution rates. These results help advance the fundamental understanding of nucleation under rigid confinement and may lead to potential applications in developing new formulations in the pharmaceutical industry.
Fermilab Electron Cooling project: engineering aspects of cooling section (2002)

The Fermilab Electron Cooling project involves interacting a 4.3 MeV, 0.5 A DC electron beam with 8.9 GeV/c antiprotons in the FNAL Recycler Ring. This interaction occurs through a 20-meter long cooling section consisting of 10 solenoid modules. This cooling process would lead to an increase in the Tevatron collider luminosity needed to support the Run IIb parameters. There are several important engineering aspects of this cooling section including: solenoid design, vacuum system design, magnetic shielding, support system, and alignment methods. Details of the engineering issues related to each of these areas will be discussed.
Replenishing data descriptors in a DMA injection FIFO buffer (2023)

Methods, apparatus, and products are disclosed for replenishing data descriptors in a Direct Memory Access (`DMA`) injection first-in-first-out (`FIFO`) buffer that include: determining, by a messaging module on an origin compute node, whether a number of data descriptors in a DMA injection FIFO buffer exceeds a predetermined threshold, each data descriptor specifying an application message for transmission to a target compute node; queuing, by the messaging module, a plurality of new data descriptors in a pending descriptor queue if the number of the data descriptors in the DMA injection FIFO buffer exceeds the predetermined threshold; establishing, by the messaging module, interrupt criteria that specify when to replenish the injection FIFO buffer with the plurality of new data descriptors in the pending descriptor queue; and injecting, by the messaging module, the plurality of new data descriptors into the injection FIFO buffer in dependence upon the interrupt criteria.
Stroboscopic interferometer with variable magnification to measure dynamics in an adaptive-optics micromirror (2002)

Interferometry has proven a powerful tool to measure out-of-plane movements in MEMS with high accuracy, In this paper, we demonstrate a setup for stroboscopic interferometry that combines the precise data registration obtained by combining phase-shifting techniques with the high spatial resolution and aperture that are characteristic for an optical microscope.
Predictive Biomarkers for Adjuvant Capecitabine Benefit in Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in the FinXX Clinical Trial (2020)

Genes and metagenes related to antitumor immunity, immune response, and capecitabine activation could identify TNBC patients who are more likely to benefit from adjuvant capecitabine. Given the reduced power to observe significant findings when correcting for multiplicity, our findings provide the basis for future hypothesis-testing validation studies on larger clinical trials.
ChemInform Abstract: Homo‐Freidinger Lactams: Stereoselective Synthesis of 4‐Aminopiperidin‐2‐one Derivatives from Aspartic Acid. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Flooring on Discomfort and Behavioral Responses to Prolonged Standing (2010)

Prolonged standing is a common requirement in the workplace and is a well-known cause of discomfort. This experiment investigated the effect of material properties of flooring surfaces on perceived discomfort during prolonged standing. Behavioral responses to prolonged standing such as fidgeting (or weight-shifting between feet) were also analyzed. Participants stood for four hours on each of four “anti-fatigue” mats and a hard surface (control condition) while discomfort ratings and in-shoe pressures on the feet were recorded. Results showed that discomfort ratings did not significantly differ among mats, but all mats were more comfortable than the hard floor during the fourth hour of standing. The frequency of fidgeting was affected by flooring surface and was correlated to discomfort. The results indicate that if differences in discomfort between these mats exist, they require a longer standing duration to be observed. The behavioral results provide a possible proxy measurement for discomfort, as well as information that can be used to direct future physiological and biomechanical research.
A Decision-Directed Adaptive Gain Equalizer for Assistive Hearing Instruments (2014)

Assistive hearing instruments have a significant impact on speech enhancement when the signal-to-noise ratio is low. These instruments are usually developed using the conventional adaptive gain equalizer (AGE), which has low computational complexity and low distortion in real-time speech enhancement. The conventional AGEs are intended to boost the speech segments of speech signals but they are incapable of suppressing noise segments. The overall speech quality of the assistive hearing instruments may be reduced, as the noise segments still cannot be filtered out. In this paper, a decision-directed AGE is proposed for assistive hearing instruments. It aims to overcome the limitation of the conventional AGE, which is capable only of boosting speech segments in noisy speech but incapable of suppressing noise segments. The proposed approach simultaneously boosts the speech segments and suppresses noise segments in noisy speech. Experimental results with different types of real-world noise indicate that the proposed method achieves better speech quality than does the conventional AGE. The resulting method provides an improved functionality for assistive hearing instruments.
Novel FV mutation (W1920R, FVNara) associated with serious deep vein thrombosis and more potent APC resistance relative to FVLeiden (2014)

Factor V (FV) appears to be pivotal in both procoagulant and anticoagulant mechanisms. A novel homozygote (FVNara), a novel mechanism of thrombosis associated with Trp1920→Arg (W1920R), was found in a Japanese boy and was associated with serious deep vein thrombosis despite a low level of plasma FV activity (10 IU/dL). Activated partial thromboplastin time-based clotting assays and thrombin generation assays showed that FVNara was resistant to activated protein C (APC). Reduced susceptibility of FVaNara to APC-catalyzed inactivation and impaired APC cofactor activity of FVNara on APC-catalyzed FVIIIa inactivation contributed to the APC resistance (APCR). Mixtures of FV-deficient plasma and recombinant FV-W1920R confirmed that the mutation governed the APCR of FVNara. APC-catalyzed inactivation of FVa-W1920R was significantly weakened, by ~11- and ~4.5-fold, compared with that of FV-wild-type (WT) and FVLeiden (R506Q), respectively, through markedly delayed cleavage at Arg506 and little cleavage at Arg306, consistent with the significantly impaired APC-catalyzed inactivation. The rate of APC-catalyzed FVIIIa inactivation with FV-W1920R was similar to that without FV, suggesting a loss of APC cofactor activity. FV-W1920R bound to phospholipids, similar to FV-WT. In conclusion, relative to FVLeiden, the more potent APCR of FVNara resulted from significant loss of FVa susceptibility to APC and APC cofactor activity, mediated by possible failure of interaction with APC and/or protein S.
Abstract 089: Dopamine D 2 Receptor is Associated with Inverse Salt Sensitivity (2016)

Our previous studies of salt sensitivity of blood pressure have demonstrated that approximately 11% of study participants have a paradoxical increase in blood pressure (&gt; or = to 7-mm Hg) on a low NaCl diet (defined as inverse salt sensitivity (ISS)). However the mechanisms responsible for this effect are not known. We demonstrated that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the dopamine type 2 receptor (D 2 R) (RS6276 and 6267) are highly associated with ISS ( P values of 1.0х10 –2 and 3.8х10 –2 with odds ratios of 0.32 and 0.48 in unadjusted regression models, respectively). The C allele at both sites confers protection. The D 2 R is strongly expressed throughout the cytoplasm of proximal tubule cells in human kidney tissue slices. We also cultured RPTC from the urine from 4 salt resistant (SR) and 3 ISS participants enrolled in our clinical salt sensitivity studies. We hypothesize that D 2 R containing SNPs have altered receptor expression, and altered signaling compared to wild type controls. ISS participants were homozygous variant for the two D 2 R alleles and showed more D 2 R expression than SR RPTC heterozygous variant (HV) for the two alleles (ISS: 1.166±0.059 n=3 vs SR: 0.969±0.024 n=4, P&lt;0.05, t-test). D 2 R expression was increased when the ISS cells were stimulated by a non-selective D 2 R agonist bromocriptine to a greater extent in the D 2 R SNP cell lines (ISS: VEH 1.166±0.059, vs bromocriptine 1.474 ± 0.040, n=3, P&lt;0.05, t-test). Using the ROS reagent assay, dihydroethidium, there was found to be more ROS products in ISS cells than SR cells when stimulated under low salt (ISS: 1.145 ± 0.053, n=3 vs SR: 0.722 ± 0.101, n=4, P&lt;0.05, t-test). We used a highly selective D 2 R agonist (sumanirole) to stimulate wild-type and SNPed cells, and the results demonstrated no effect in the cells with wild type D 2 R but an increase in ROS in cells heterozygous for the D 2 R SNPs (SNP: VEH 38,364±1,266, sumanirole 50,926 ± 3,310, VS WT: VEH 34,562±1,831 sumanirole 34,435 ± 1,614 RFU n=12, P&lt;0.05, t-test) consistent with the higher expression of D 2 R found in ISS urine cells. We hypothesize that SNPs in the D 2 R lead to increased reactive oxygen species which has previously been associated with renal fibrosis and hypertension.
The woodchuck model of hepadnavirus infection (2008)

Since discovery of the hepatitis B virus (HBV),closely related viruses have been described in several animal species. The first of these was the woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV),identified in woodchucks (Marmota monax)that were maintained at the Philadelphia Zoological Garden and which had experienced a high prevalence of chronic hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses,it was concluded that WHV was closely related to HBV. Since description of WHV,infection with viruses that belong to the family Hepadnaviridae have been described in the California ground squirrel (Spermophilus beecheyi)and the Arctic ground squirrel (Spermophilus parryi), two species closely related phylogenetical- ly to woodchucks,and in six avian species. A total of four well characterized,mammalian hepadnaviruses now have been associated with development of HCC. These observations on naturally acquired hepadnavirus infections combined with the development of HCC in woodchucks following experimental infection with WHV or with the California ground squirrel virus (GSHV)provides,by analogy,convincing comparative medical evidence for the hepatocarcinogenicity of HBV. The woodchuck has become useful as an experimental animal model for research on the pathogenesis of HBV infection and for investigation of the molecular mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. The woodchuck also has been useful in the discovery and preclinical development of antiviral drugs for treatment of HBV infection and for testing new forms of immunotherapy using cytokines and therapeutic vaccination. In particular, the woodchuck has been valuable for determining the impact of long-term antiviral treatment on the outcome of chronic hepadnavirus infection in placebo controlled,lifetime survival studies which have been predictive of the results of subsequent clinical trials.
On the burstiness of the TCP congestion-control mechanism in a distributed computing system (2002)

Several studies in network traffic characterization have concluded that network traffic is self-similar and therefore not readily amenable to statistical multiplexing in a distributed computing system. This paper examines the effects of the TCP protocol stack on network traffic via an experimental study on the different implementations of TCP. We show that even when aggregate application traffic smooths out as more applications' traffic are multiplexed, TCP introduces burstiness into the aggregate traffic load, reducing network performance when statistical multiplexing is used within the network gateways.
Morphology and mechanical function of long-termin vitro engineered cartilage (1999)

Cartilage tissue can be engineered in vitro with articular chondrocytes and poly(glycolic acid) nonwoven scaffolds as previously shown over 12 weeks in vitro. This study addressed whether engineered cartilage would further evolve and approach natural cartilage in extracellular matrix organization and biomechanical properties, especially aggregate modulus through longer term in vitro cultivation. Cellularity, cell size, compressive modulus, and permeability of the in vitro engineered cartilage stabilized within the 12-week cultivation time and remained at the same levels as those of natural cartilage thereafter. The linear range of the stress-strain curve was from 0 to a strain value between 5 and 10% for all the engineered cartilage tissues that were in vitro cultured for longer than 2 weeks, which was the same linear range for natural cartilage. The aggregate modulus further increased from week 12 to week 20 and remained approximately the same value thereafter during a 25-week in vitro cultivation. The aggregate modulus of the engineered cartilage reached 179+/-9 kPa after 20 weeks of in vitro cultivation, which was 40% that of natural articular cartilage. To our knowledge this is the highest aggregate modulus value yet reported of any in vitro engineered cartilage tissue.
CUED_speech at TREC 2020 Podcast Summarisation Track (2020)

In this paper, we describe our approach for the Podcast Summarisation challenge in TREC 2020. Given a podcast episode with its transcription, the goal is to generate a summary that captures the most important information in the content. Our approach consists of two steps: (1) Filtering redundant or less informative sentences in the transcription using the attention of a hierarchical model; (2) Applying a state-of-the-art text summarisation system (BART) fine-tuned on the Podcast data using a sequence-level reward function. Furthermore, we perform ensembles of three and nine models for our submission runs. We also fine-tune the BART model on the Podcast data as our baseline. The human evaluation by NIST shows that our best submission achieves 1.777 in the EGFB scale, while the score of creator-provided description is 1.291. Our system won the Spotify Podcast Summarisation Challenge in the TREC2020 Podcast Track in both human and automatic evaluation.
Ionic Hydrogel Based on Chitosan Cross-Linked with 6-Phosphogluconic Trisodium Salt as a Drug Delivery System (2018)

In this work, 6-phosphogluconic trisodium salt (6-PG<sup>-</sup>Na<sup>+</sup>) is introduced as a new aqueous and nontoxic cross-linking agent to obtain ionic hydrogels. Here, it is shown the formation of hydrogels based on chitosan cross-linked with 6-PG<sup>-</sup>Na<sup>+</sup>. This formulation is obtained by ionic interaction of cationic groups of polymer with anionic groups of the cross-linker. These hydrogels are nontoxic, do not cause dermal irritation, are easy to extend, and have an adequate adhesion force to be applied as polymeric film over the skin. This formulation exhibits a first order release kinetic and can be applied as drug vehicle for topical administration or as wound dressing for wound healing. The primary goal of this communication is to report the identification and utility of 6-phosphogluconic trisodium salt (6-PG<sup>-</sup>Na<sup>+</sup>) as a nontoxic cross-linker applicable for cationic polymers.
Fabrication and Evaluation of a Micro(Bio)Sensor Array Chip for Multiple Parallel Measurements of Important Cell Biomarkers (2014)

This report describes the design and development of an integrated electrochemical cell culture monitoring system, based on enzyme-biosensors and chemical sensors, for monitoring indicators of mammalian cell metabolic status. MEMS technology was used to fabricate a microwell-format silicon platform including a thermometer, onto which chemical sensors (pH, O2) and screen-printed biosensors (glucose, lactate), were grafted/deposited. Microwells were formed over the fabricated sensors to give 5-well sensor strips which were interfaced with a multipotentiostat via a bespoke connector box interface. The operation of each sensor/biosensor type was examined individually, and examples of operating devices in five microwells in parallel, in either potentiometric (pH sensing) or amperometric (glucose biosensing) mode are shown. The performance characteristics of the sensors/biosensors indicate that the system could readily be applied to cell culture/toxicity studies.
Long-term survival of influenza virus infected club cells drives immunopathology (2014)

Respiratory infection of influenza A virus (IAV) is frequently characterized by extensive immunopathology and proinflammatory signaling that can persist after virus clearance. In this report, we identify cells that become infected, but survive, acute influenza virus infection. We demonstrate that these cells, known as club cells, elicit a robust transcriptional response to virus infection, show increased interferon stimulation, and induce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines after successful viral clearance. Specific depletion of these surviving cells leads to a reduction in lung tissue damage associated with IAV infection. We propose a model in which infected, surviving club cells establish a proinflammatory environment aimed at controlling virus levels, but at the same time contribute to lung pathology.
Topical KGF treatment as a therapeutic strategy for vaginal atrophy in a model of ovariectomized mice (2014)

One of the most frequent complaints for post-menopausal women is vaginal atrophy, because of reduction in circulating oestrogens. Treatments based on local oestrogen administration have been questioned as topic oestrogens can reach the bloodstream, thus leading to consider their safety as controversial, especially for patients with a history of breast or endometrial cancers. Recently, growth factors have been shown to interact with the oestrogen pathway, but the mechanisms still need to be fully clarified. In this study, we investigated the effect of keratinocyte growth factor (KGF), a known mitogen for epithelial cells, on human vaginal mucosa cells, and its potential crosstalk with oestrogen pathways. We also tested the in vivo efficacy of KGF local administration on vaginal atrophy in a murine model. We demonstrated that KGF is able to induce proliferation of vaginal mucosa, and we gained insight on its mechanism of action by highlighting its contribution to switch ERα signalling towards non-genomic pathway. Moreover, we demonstrated that KGF restores vaginal trophism in vivo similarly to intravaginal oestrogenic preparations, without systemic effects. Therefore, we suggest a possible alternative therapy for vaginal atrophy devoid of the risks related to oestrogen-based treatments, and a patent (no. RM2012A000404) has been applied for this study.
Rib waveguides for trapping and transport of particles (2016)

Rib waveguides are investigated as an alternative to strip waveguides for planar trapping and transport of microparticles. Microparticles are successfully propelled along the surface of rib waveguides and trapped in the gap between opposing rib waveguides. The trapping capabilities of waveguide end facets formed by a single and opposing waveguide geometries are investigated. The slab beneath a rib waveguide continues to guide light after the end facet of a rib waveguide. Thus particles can be trapped in wider gaps formed by opposing rib waveguides than with strip waveguides. Rib waveguides were found more efficient in trapping a collection of particles in the gap and particles could be moved to different locations in the gap by changing the relative power in the two opposing rib waveguides. Numerical simulations are used to show that the trapping efficiency on the surface of rib and strip waveguides is comparable. The simulations also confirm the advantage of opposing rib waveguides for trapping particles in wide gaps. The low sidewalls of rib waveguides give low propagation losses and make it easy to integrate rib waveguides with other functions in a lab-on-a-chip where particle trapping and transport is required.
Progress on implementation of a frequency agile, high power backward-wave oscillator (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. Recent work at the University of New Mexico has demonstrated that finite length effects in a high power vacuum backward wave oscillator (BWO) can be exploited to achieve frequency agility for constant beam and magnetic field parameters. Specifically, the axial displacement of the slow wave structure with respect to the cutoff neck "inlet" to the electrodynamic system results in a periodic variation of both radiated power and frequency. In this presentation we discuss progress in automating this axial "shifting" on a shot-to-shot basis using compact precision motors. This capability will then facilitate the use of a robust controller to achieve various control objectives. In particular, the preliminary design of a controller to i) maximize the frequency bandwidth for a given constant power output, ii) maximize the power radiated at a given frequency in the bandwidth, and iii) maximize the beam-to-peak microwave power conversion efficiency will be presented.