gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible laser sensitive photopolymers initiated by dye sensitized peroxyester systems (1990)

Abstract The photoinitiating systems comprising of the peroxide, 3,3′,4,4′‐tetrakis(t‐butylperoxycarbonyl)benzophenone and (keto)coumarin dyes were sensitive to visible light to give photopolymers for argon ion laser exposure. The sensitivity of the photopolymer depends on the matrix polymer, and the highest sensitivity to 488 nm light of the argon ion laser, 0.01 mJ/cm 2 , was obtained with a poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) matrix. The sensitization of the peroxide by the dye is due to electron transfer from the excited dye to the peroxide.
Release of Nerve Growth Factor from HEMA Hydrogel-Coated Substrates and Its Effect on the Differentiation of Neural Cells (2008)

Local pharmacological intervention may be needed to ensure the long-term performance of neural prosthetic devices because of insertion-related neuron loss and reactive cell responses that form compact sheaths, leading to decreased device performance. We propose that local delivery of neurotrophins would enhance neuron survival and promote neuron sprouting toward device electrodes, thus providing improved electrode-neuron communication and device performance for recording and stimulating CNS activity. In this study, three different types of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels were developed and assessed for storage capacity and release rates of the neurotrophin, nerve growth factor (NGF). Additionally, a method was developed for routine coating of microfabricated neuroprosthetic devices with the different pHEMA hydrogels. Biological responses to hydrogel-delivered NGF from the devices were measured using primary cell cultures of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. Neuron process growth was used to assess biological responses to released NGF. When targeted media concentrations were the same, responses to bath-applied NGF and NGF released from pHEMA hydrogels were not significantly different. When NGF was released from lysine-conjugated pHEMA hydrogels, a significant increase in process growth was observed. Our studies demonstrate that pHEMA coatings can be used on neural devices consistent with the needs for local neurotrophin delivery in the brain.
Ab interno trabeculectomy with the dual blade in juvenile open-angle glaucoma (2019)

Dual blade ab interno trabeculectomy is a promising alternate to goniotomy in the treatment of juvenile open-angle glaucoma.
Chirped pulse amplification for ultraviolet femtosecond pulses using Ce:LiCAF gain medium (2000)

Chirped pulse amplification in ultraviolet Tegion is demonstrated using broadband Ce:LiCAF laser medium. The 4-pass amplifier has 370-times gain and delivered 6-mJ, 290-nm pulses. After dispersion compensation, output pulses can be compressed down to 115 fs.
Water Purification Using Cost Effective Material Prepared from Agricultural Waste: Kinetics, Isotherms, and Thermodynamic Studies (2016)

The usage of agricultural waste‐based bio‐adsorbents for the removal of environmental pollutants from water is gaining extensive attention. In this paper, carrot residue (CR) ( Daucus carota L.) was used for the production of activated carbon (AC) via chemical activation with HNO 3 . CR derived activated carbon (CAC) was characterized by various analytical techniques. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area was found to be 17.76 m 2 g −1 . The efficacy of this AC in adsorbing BrO 3 − from water samples was studied at time, pH, temperature, and initial BrO 3 − concentrations by batch studies. The concentration of BrO 3 − was assessed by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography‐mass tandem spectrometry. A maximum adsorption capacity of 16.66 mg g −1 at 298 K was obtained from the Langmuir isotherms fit. The kinetic data followed closely the pseudo‐first‐order rate kinetic model. The thermodynamic study of BrO 3 − adsorption data showed that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. The practical efficacy of CAC was performed for BrO 3 − removal from tap water as well as bottled water samples.
Trauma-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Hippocampal Neurons (1996)

Background and Purpose We have previously shown that traumatic injury of hippocampal cells triggers release of a soluble neurotoxin that can be transferred to an uninjured culture. The mechanism of this trauma-induced neurotoxicity is independent of glutamate receptor activation. We extended this observation to study the mechanism of this neurotoxicity. Methods Dissociated rat hippocampal neurons were traumatized by disrupting the culture by scratching the plate. The toxicity expressed by the injured culture was studied by transferring the medium to an uninjured culture and assessing the death rate by trypan blue exclusion. Results This neurotoxin is stable in the medium at room temperature for several hours and withstands boiling. The molecular weight is between 100 and 500. The release and the effect of this toxin seem to be independent of glutamate receptor activation. The toxicity is unaffected by removal of extracellular calcium. However, dantrolene dose-dependently blocked the toxicity in the recipient culture, suggesting that the release of intracellular stores of calcium is involved in the toxic effect. This release of calcium is likely to be followed by an activation of nitric oxide synthase because competitive nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuated this toxicity. Consistent with this result, cholecystokinin octapeptide significantly reduced cell death when combined with this toxic medium. Conclusions Traumatic injury of dissociated cells can propagate neurotoxicity in uninjured cells by a soluble toxin released into the extracellular space. This toxin causes a rise in cytosolic calcium that activates nitric oxide synthase that can be blocked by cholecystokinin.
Deletion of the gene Pip4k2c , a novel phosphatidylinositol kinase, results in hyperactivation of the immune system (2016)

Type 2 phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase (PI5P4K) converts phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate to phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate. Mammals have three enzymes PI5P4Kα, PI5P4Kβ, and PI5P4Kγ, and these enzymes have been implicated in metabolic control, growth control, and a variety of stress responses. Here, we show that mice with germline deletion of type 2 phosphatidylinositol-5-phosphate 4-kinase gamma (Pip4k2c), the gene encoding PI5P4Kγ, appear normal in regard to growth and viability but have increased inflammation and T-cell activation as they age. Immune cell infiltrates increased in Pip4k2c(-/-) mouse tissues. Also, there was an increase in proinflammatory cytokines, including IFNγ, interleukin 12, and interleukin 2 in plasma of Pip4k2c(-/-) mice. Pip4k2c(-/-) mice had an increase in T-helper-cell populations and a decrease in regulatory T-cell populations with increased proliferation of T cells. Interestingly, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling was hyperactivated in several tissues from Pip4k2c(-/-) mice and treating Pip4k2c(-/-) mice with rapamycin reduced the inflammatory phenotype, resulting in a decrease in mTORC1 signaling in tissues and a decrease in proinflammatory cytokines in plasma. These results indicate that PI5P4Kγ plays a role in the regulation of the immune system via mTORC1 signaling.
Thermal conductivity of multilayer polymer-nanocomposite thin films (2022)

The development of electrical insulators that are thermally conducting is critical for thermal management applications in many advanced electronics and electrical devices. Here, we synthesized polymer nanocomposite (PNC) films composed of polymers [polyethylenimine, poly(vinylamine), poly(acrylic acid), and poly(ethylene oxide)] and dielectric fillers (montmorillonite clay and hexagonal boron nitride) by layer-by-layer technique. The cross-plane thermal conductivity (k⊥) of the film was measured by the 3ω method. The effect of various factors such as film growth, filler type, filler volume fraction, polymer chemical structures, and temperature on the thermal conductivity is reported. The k⊥ of PNCs with thickness from 37 nm to 1.34 μm was found to be in the range of 0.11 to 0.21 ± 0.02 W m−1 K−1. The k⊥ values were found to be lower than the constituent polymer matrix. The experimental result is compared with existing theoretical models of nanocomposite systems to get insight into heat transfer behavior in such layered films composed of dielectrics and polymers.
Nanocrystalline Silicon: From Disordered Insulator to Dirty Metal (1996)

Abstract Selected results of a study of the metal-insulator transition in n-type nanocrystalline Si:H,F down to T ≈ 30 K are presented. The transition occurs around an electron density of 1 × 10 19 cm −3 . On the insulator side, hopping conduction in a parabolic density of states near the Fermi level dominates below room temperature. On the metallic side, the conductivity reflects electron-electron interactions, with a temperature dependence of T 1 2 at temperatures less than 270 K.
Exact, Recursive, Inference of Event Space Probability Law for Discrete Random Sets with Applications (1991)

In this paper we extend Choquet's result to obtain a recursive procedure for the computation of the underlying event-space probability law for Discrete Random Sets, based on Choquet's capacity functional. This is an important result, because it paves the way for the solution of statistical inference problems for Discrete Random Sets. As an example, we consider the Discrete Boolean Random Set with Radial Convex Primary Grains model, compute its capacity functional, and use our procedure to obtain a recursive solution to the problem of M-ary MAP hypothesis testing for the given model. The same procedure can be applied to the problem of ML model fitting. Various important probability functionals are computed in the process of obtaining the above results.
Loss of MSH2 protein expression is a risk factor in early stage cervical cancer (2007)

TMAs are powerful tools for high throughput screening of biological markers for prognostic value in cervical cancer. Absence of MSH2 expression is associated with a high-risk profile in early stage cervical cancer, but does not predict lymph node status with sufficient accuracy to be used in the clinic.
Signaling function of phagocytic NADPH oxidase: Activation of MAP kinase cascades in phagocytosis (2010)

Until recently, the production of reactive oxygen species by NADPH oxidase has been considered only in the context of the oxidative damage to pathogens inside the phagosome. However, homologues of phagocytic NADPH oxidase have been found in almost all cell types, where they produce hydrogen peroxide and thereby regulate the initial intracellular stages of MAP kinase cascades. In the present work, the activation of two MAP kinase cascades, p38 and Erk1/2, during phagocytosis has been studied. It was found that phagocytosis activates both cascades. The activation of Erkl/2 is dependent, and the activation of p38 is not dependent, on the activity of NADPH oxidase. Thus, it can be stated that the activation of MAP kinases in phagocytes during phagocytosis occurs by a mechanism similar to that operating in nonphagocytizing cells, indicating the universality of the function of NADPH oxidases in different cell types.
Experimental characterization of ternary Cd_09Zn_01Te as a basic material for all-optical processing in the 15-μm range (2001)

Bulk II–VI semi-insulating ternary alloy Cd0.9Zn0.1Te is characterized as a basic material for all-optical switching functions on free-space beams at λ=1.5 µm. The adopted switching mechanism jointly exploits photoconduction and the linear electro-optic effect. Cd0.9Zn0.1Te proves to be six orders of magnitude faster than binary CdTe:In working in the same configuration. Control-beam fluence of less than 0.02 nJ/µm2 is sufficient for complete switching, and an extinction ratio of 23 dB is obtained, limited by spurious crystal birefringence. The role of material parameters in determining switching performances is discussed. A first estimate of the applicability of the switching principle in itself to communication signals is also given.
Analysis of time-sequential sampling with a spatially hexagonal lattice (1983)

The susceptibility of two-dimensional hexagonal sampling patterns to frequency-domain aliasing is analyzed under the constraint that the sampling be time sequential. Sampling patterns previously examined only for the case of a rectangular lattice are evaluated by finding the signal-to-aliasing-noise power ratio when the patterns are applied to white, ellipsoidally band-limited signals. Methods are developed for designing patterns that resist frequency-domain aliasing. With still images, hexagonal patterns may exhibit a 13.4% reduction in overall sampling rate relative to rectangular ones. With time-sequential sampling of spatiotemporal signals, we find that this advantage is not always present.
The Design of Selectively-Activated Prodrugs for Cancer Chemotherapy (1996)

Abstract: Tumor-selective activation of anticancer prodrugs is of increasing interest, given several new concepts for such activation which have recently emerged. These include chronic hypoxia and low external pH as consistent properties of solid tumor tissue, and new antibody- and genetic-based methods for specifically delivering activating enzymes to tumors. Such prodrugs are conceptually considered as comprising three separate domains (a trigger which determines the tumor-selective activation, an effector which provides the cytotoxic event following trigger activation, and a linker mechanism which deactivates the effector in the prodrug and efficiently transmits the activating signal). This concept allows independent consideration of the types of structures most suitable for each domain, and the criteria which they must meet. The existing classes of compounds designed as selectively-activated anticancer prodrugs are reviewed, showing that the primary design criterion for the effector unit is high cytotoxicity, whereas the requirements of trigger units depend critically on the mode of selective activation.
High-Performance Transparent Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on InGaZnO Superlattice Nanowire Arrays (2019)

Due to the efficient photocarrier separation and collection coming from their distinctive band structures, superlattice nanowires (NWs) have great potential as active materials for high-performance optoelectronic devices. In this work, InGaZnO NWs with superlattice structure and controllable stoichiometry are obtained by ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Along the NW axial direction, perfect alternately stacking of InGaO(ZnO)<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> blocks and InO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> layers is observed to form a periodic layered structure. Strikingly, when configured into individual NW photodetectors, the Ga concentration is found to significantly influence the amount of oxygen vacancies and oxygen molecules adsorbed on the NW surface, which dictate the photoconducting properties of the NW channels. Based on the optimized Ga concentration (<i>i.e</i>., In<sub>1.8</sub>Ga<sub>1.8</sub>Zn<sub>2.4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>), the individual NW device exhibits an excellent responsivity of 1.95 × 10<sup>5</sup> A/W and external quantum efficiency of as high as 9.28 × 10<sup>7</sup>% together with a rise time of 0.93 s and a decay time of 0.2 s for the ultraviolet (UV) photodetection. Besides, the obtained NWs can be fabricated into large-scale parallel arrays on glass substrates as well to achieve fully transparent UV photodetectors, where the performance is on the same level or even better than many transparent photodetectors with high performance. All the results discussed above demonstrate the great potential of InGaZnO superlattice NWs for next-generation advanced optoelectronic devices.
Substrate-Induced Growth of Nanostructured Zinc Oxide Films at Room Temperature Using Concepts of Biomimetic Catalysis (2006)

By kinetically controlled vapor-diffusion catalysis, nanostructured ZnO and Zn5(OH)8(NO3)3*2H2O thin films have been grown on substrates with different chemical compositions and varying degrees of crystallinity. The materials resulting from heterogeneous nucleation under mild conditions (starting from aqueous metal salt precursor solutions at room temperature) were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy to determine the influence of the substrates on the overall chemical composition, crystallinity, and morphology of the films.
Supplementary Figure 6 from HER2 Overexpression Elicits a Proinflammatory IL-6 Autocrine Signaling Loop That Is Critical for Tumorigenesis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from HER2 Overexpression Elicits a Proinflammatory IL-6 Autocrine Signaling Loop That Is Critical for Tumorigenesis
Research on system level innovative practice in embedded laboratory education (2015)

Embedded System Curriculum at Tsinghua University is target at advanced undergraduate senior students in CS department. At the end of this course, an overall understanding about System is expected to be obtained by students who have gotten perfect software knowledge from software series curriculums and hardware knowledge from hardware series curriculums. Embedded System is unique for its close association with actual application, thus an effective laboratory education is of great importance for embedded system curriculum. In this paper, we are dedicated to reform existing experimental teaching models, methods and laboratory platform to improve system level innovation practice for CS undergraduate students. Firstly, we mainly analyzed the characteristics of embedded laboratory education and current generation students. Based on this analysis, some principles as well as a concept model that guiding the designing of embedded laboratory platform are proposed. And then we present the whole innovative embedded laboratory system in CS department of Tsinghua University. Supported by the system, some typical projects will be presented, include intelligent Greenhouse, Sunflower, intelligence handcart, intelligence spider and rotorcraft.
Non-linear system identification using closed-loop data with no external excitation: The case of a lean combustion chamber (2001)

This paper deals with the analysis of a set of measurements collected on a lean premixed combustion process operating in a limit cycle. Due to the fact that the data are collected in closed-loop and the system has no external excitation, the identification task is particularly challenging. This work mainly focuses on the issue of the feasibility of the identification task. It will be shown that, despite the paucity of information available, a grey-box non-linear model can be estimated. The model provides an explanation both of the limit-cycle fundamental oscillation and of a non-harmonic high-frequency signal affecting the pressure of the combustion chamber.
Etch Depth: Single-Step Height and Diffraction Efficiency (2015)

This excerpt gives a succinct explanation of Etch Depth: Single-Step Height and Diffraction efficiency.
Pilotstudie zur technischen Durchführbarkeit eines neuen vorwärts schauenden linearen Echoendoskopes für die Feinnadelaspiration (FNA) und Pankreas- Zystendrainage (PCD). Eine ARCADE-Gruppenstudie (2007)

Hintergrund: Durch endoskopischen Ultraschall (EUS) geführte Feinnadelaspirationen (FNA) zur Gewebediagnostik und verschiedene Therapien wie z.B. die Pankreaszystendrainage (PCD) sind fest etabliert in der gastroenterologischen Endoskopie. Ein neues vorwärts schauendes Prototyp-EUS-Endoskop könnte dank seines geraden Kanals die verbleibenden Limitationen der EUS-FNA wie z.B. die limitierte Manövrierbarkeit der Nadel im Duodenum und die eingeschränkte endoskopische Kontrolle durch die Seitblick-Optik überwinden.
Differential Sensitivity of Hypoxia Inducible Factor Hydroxylation Sites to Hypoxia and Hydroxylase Inhibitors (2011)

Hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is regulated by dual pathways involving oxygen-dependent prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation of its α-subunits. Prolyl hydroxylation at two sites within a central degradation domain promotes association of HIF-α with the von Hippel-Lindau ubiquitin E3 ligase and destruction by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Asparaginyl hydroxylation blocks the recruitment of p300/CBP co-activators to a C-terminal activation domain in HIF-α. These hydroxylations are catalyzed by members of the Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) oxygenase family. Activity of the enzymes is suppressed by hypoxia, increasing both the abundance and activity of the HIF transcriptional complex. We have used hydroxy residue-specific antibodies to compare and contrast the regulation of each site of prolyl hydroxylation (Pro(402), Pro(564)) with that of asparaginyl hydroxylation (Asn(803)) in human HIF-1α. Our findings reveal striking differences in the sensitivity of these hydroxylations to hypoxia and to different inhibitor types of 2-OG oxygenases. Hydroxylation at the three sites in endogenous human HIF-1α proteins was suppressed by hypoxia in the order Pro(402) > Pro(564) > Asn(803). In contrast to some predictions from in vitro studies, prolyl hydroxylation was substantially more sensitive than asparaginyl hydroxylation to inhibition by iron chelators and transition metal ions; studies of a range of different small molecule 2-OG analogues demonstrated the feasibility of selectively inhibiting either prolyl or asparaginyl hydroxylation within cells.
Content-based image retrieval in radiology: analysis of variability in human perception of similarity (2015)

We aim to develop a better understanding of perception of similarity in focal computed tomography (CT) liver images to determine the feasibility of techniques for developing reference sets for training and validating content-based image retrieval systems. In an observer study, four radiologists and six nonradiologists assessed overall similarity and similarity in 5 image features in 136 pairs of focal CT liver lesions. We computed intra- and inter-reader agreements in these similarity ratings and viewed the distributions of the ratings. The readers' ratings of overall similarity and similarity in each feature primarily appeared to be bimodally distributed. Median Kappa scores for intra-reader agreement ranged from 0.57 to 0.86 in the five features and from 0.72 to 0.82 for overall similarity. Median Kappa scores for inter-reader agreement ranged from 0.24 to 0.58 in the five features and were 0.39 for overall similarity. There was no significant difference in agreement for radiologists and nonradiologists. Our results show that developing perceptual similarity reference standards is a complex task. Moderate to high inter-reader variability precludes ease of dividing up the workload of rating perceptual similarity among many readers, while low intra-reader variability may make it possible to acquire large volumes of data by asking readers to view image pairs over many sessions.