gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of advanced La-incorporated Hf-silicate gate dielectrics using physical-vapor-deposition-based in situ method and its effective work function modulation of metal/high-k stacks (2010)

Lanthanum (La) incorporation into Hf-silicate high-permittivity (high-k) gate dielectrics was conducted using a physical-vapor-deposition (PVD)-based in situ method. PVD-grown metal Hf, La, and Hf–La alloys on base SiO2 oxides received in situ annealing to form high-quality HfLaSiO dielectrics, and subsequent deposition of metal gate electrodes was carried out to fabricate advanced metal/high-k gate stacks without breaking vacuum. The in situ method was found to precisely control La content and its depth profile and to tune the effective work function of metal/high-k stacks. Remarkable leakage current reduction of almost seven orders of magnitude compared with conventional poly-Si/SiO2 stacks and excellent interface properties comparable to an ideal SiO2/Si interface were also achieved at an equivalent oxide thickness of around 1.0 nm. Our x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis revealed that, as previously suggested, effective work function modulation due to La incorporation is attributed to the interface dipole (or localized sheet charge) at the bottom high-k/SiO2 interface, which is crucially dependent on the La content at the interface. Moreover, it was found that high-temperature annealing causing interface oxide growth leads to redistribution of La atoms and forms the uppermost La-silicate layer at the metal/high-k interface by releasing the dipole moment at the bottom high-k/SiO2 interface. Based on these physical and electrical characterizations, the advantages and process guidelines for La-incorporated dielectrics were discussed in detail.
Plasma vacuum ultraviolet emission in an electron cyclotron resonance etcher (1999)

This work investigates the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) emission from various feed gases producing plasmas in an electron cyclotron resonance etcher. Absolute measurements of plasma VUV emission at typical pressures for processing between 0.5 and 5 mTorr, and microwave powers between 700 and 1300 W, show levels of irradiance at the wafer position of the order of tenths of mW/cm2 and integrated photon fluxes in the 1014 photons/cm2 s range. The reported level of VUV emission is sufficient to induce radiation damage in typical metal–oxide–semiconductor devices in the form of flatband voltage shift and inversion of lightly doped substrates.
Fine (<0.5 ps) and Course Tuning (>15 ps) of Optical Delays using Acousto-optic Mixing with a 1-pm Tunable Laser (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. R. Nuccio, O. F. Yilmaz, X. Wu, and A. E. Willner, "Fine (<0.5 ps) and Course Tuning (>15 ps) of Optical Delays using Acousto-optic Mixing with a 1-pm Tunable Laser," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper CMJJ2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effect of Various Sludge Digestion Conditions on Sulfonamide, Macrolide, and Tetracycline Resistance Genes and Class I Integrons (2011)

Wastewater treatment processes are of growing interest as a potential means to limit the dissemination of antibiotic resistance. This study examines the response of nine representative antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) encoding resistance to sulfonamide (sulI, sulII), erythromycin (erm(B), erm(F)), and tetracycline (tet(O), tet(W), tet(C), tet(G), tet(X)) to various laboratory-scale sludge digestion processes. The class I integron gene (intI1) was also monitored as an indicator of horizontal gene transfer potential and multiple antibiotic resistance. Mesophilic anaerobic digestion at both 10 and 20 day solids retention times (SRTs) significantly reduced sulI, suII, tet(C), tet(G), and tet(X) with longer SRT exhibiting a greater extent of removal; however, tet(W), erm(B) and erm(F) genes increased relative to the feed. Thermophilic anaerobic digesters operating at 47 °C, 52 °C, and 59 °C performed similarly to each other and provided more effective reduction of erm(B), erm(F), tet(O), and tet(W) compared to mesophilic digestion. However, thermophilic digestion resulted in similar or poorer removal of all other ARGs and intI1. Thermal hydrolysis pretreatment drastically reduced all ARGs, but they generally rebounded during subsequent anaerobic and aerobic digestion treatments. To gain insight into potential mechanisms driving ARG behavior in the digesters, the dominant bacterial communities were compared by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. The overall results suggest that bacterial community composition of the sludge digestion process, as controlled by the physical operating characteristics, drives the distribution of ARGs present in the produced biosolids, more so than the influent ARG composition.
Regulation of PRMT5–MDM4 axis is critical in the response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in melanoma (2019)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are an established treatment in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer and are currently in clinical development in melanoma, a tumor that exhibits high rates of CDK4 activation. We analyzed melanoma cells with acquired resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and demonstrate that the activity of PRMT5, a protein arginine methyltransferase and indirect target of CDK4, is essential for CDK4/6 inhibitor sensitivity. By indirectly suppressing PRMT5 activity, palbociclib alters the pre-mRNA splicing of MDM4, a negative regulator of p53, leading to decreased MDM4 protein expression and subsequent p53 activation. In turn, p53 induces p21, leading to inhibition of CDK2, the main kinase substituting for CDK4/6 and a key driver of resistance to palbociclib. Loss of the ability of palbociclib to regulate the PRMT5-MDM4 axis leads to resistance. Importantly, combining palbociclib with the PRMT5 inhibitor GSK3326595 enhances the efficacy of palbociclib in treating naive and resistant models and also delays the emergence of resistance. Our studies have uncovered a mechanism of action of CDK4/6 inhibitors in regulating the MDM4 oncogene and the tumor suppressor, p53. Furthermore, we have established that palbociclib inhibition of the PRMT5-MDM4 axis is essential for robust melanoma cell sensitivity and provide preclinical evidence that coinhibition of CDK4/6 and PRMT5 is an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategy. Overall, our data provide a strong rationale for further investigation of novel combinations of CDK4/6 and PRMT5 inhibitors, not only in melanoma but other tumor types, including breast, pancreatic, and esophageal carcinoma.
Measurement Error in Nonlinear Models (2006)

It's been over a decade since the first edition of Measurement Error in Nonlinear Models splashed onto the scene, and research in the field has certainly not cooled in the interim. In fact, quite the opposite has occurred. As a result, Measurement Error in Nonlinear Models: A Modern Perspective, Second Edition has been revamped and ex
Energy-Efficient Reliable HZO FeFET Computation-in-Memory with Local Multiply & Global Accumulate Array for Source-Follower & Charge-Sharing Voltage Sensing (2021)

Energy efficient, high throughput, noise immune, high density HZO FeFET Computation-in-Memory (CiM) is proposed. Local Multiply & Global Accumulate Array is realized by source-follower read, which multiplies neural network inputs and weights (FeFET V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</inf> ), and charge-sharing, which accumulates multiplied values. Proposed CiM is immune to read-disturb. After 10-year data-retention, 3 bit/cell FeFET is feasible. ×64 energy efficient, 66 TOPS/W, reliable multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation is achieved.
On-line configuration of network emulator for intelligent energy system testbed applications (2015)

Intelligent energy networks (or Smart Grids) provide efficient solutions for a grid integrated with near-real-time communication technologies between various grid assets in power generation, transmission and distribution systems. The design of a communication network associated with intelligent power system involves detailed analysis of its communication requirements, a proposal of the appropriate protocol architecture, the choice of appropriate communication technologies for each case study, and a means to support heterogeneous communication technology management system. This paper discuses a mechanism for on-line configuration and monitoring of heterogeneous communication technologies implemented at smart energy system testbed of Aal-borg university. It proposes a model with three main components, a network emulator used to emulate the communication scenarios using KauNet, graphical user interface for visualizing, configuring and monitoring of the emulated scenarios and a network socket linking the graphic server and network emulation server on-line. Specifically, our focus area is to build a model that gives us ability to look at some of the challenges on implementing inter-operable and resilient Smart Grid networks and how the current state of the art communication technologies are employed for smart control of energy distribution grids.
Postoperative Complications in Elderly Patients Undergoing Head and Neck Surgery (2015)

Head and neck surgery in the elderly carries an increased risk of certain types of postoperative complications as compared with younger patients treated similarly. Quality improvement efforts should focus on minimizing the risk of cardiac, pulmonary, and urologic complications in elderly patients.
Angular moments of the decay Λ0 b → Λμ+μ− at low hadronic recoil (2018)

A bstract An analysis of the angular distribution of the decay Λ b 0 → Λ μ + μ − is presented, using data collected with the LHCb detector between 2011 and 2016 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 fb −1 . Angular observables are determined using a moment analysis of the angular distribution at low hadronic recoil, corresponding to the dimuon invariant mass squared range 15 &lt; q 2 &lt; 20 GeV 2 / c 4 . The full basis of observables is measured for the first time. The lepton-side, hadron-side and combined forward-backward asymmetries of the decay are determined to be $$ \begin{array}{l}{A}_{\mathrm{FB}}^{\ell }=-0.39\pm 0.04\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.01\left(\mathrm{syst}\right),\hfill \\ {}{A}_{\mathrm{FB}}^h=-0.30\pm 0.05\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.02\left(\mathrm{syst}\right),\hfill \\ {}{A}_{\mathrm{FB}}^{\ell h}=+0.25\pm 0.04\left(\mathrm{stat}\right)\pm 0.01\left(\mathrm{syst}\right).\hfill \end{array} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtable><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.39</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn><mml:mfenced><mml:mi>stat</mml:mi></mml:mfenced><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn><mml:mfenced><mml:mi>syst</mml:mi></mml:mfenced><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.30</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn><mml:mfenced><mml:mi>stat</mml:mi></mml:mfenced><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.02</mml:mn><mml:mfenced><mml:mi>syst</mml:mi></mml:mfenced><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:mtd></mml:mtr><mml:mtr><mml:mtd><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>A</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mi>F</mml:mi><mml:mi>B</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi><mml:mi>h</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.04</mml:mn><mml:mfenced><mml:mi>stat</mml:mi></mml:mfenced><mml:mo>±</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.01</mml:mn><mml:mfenced><mml:mi>syst</mml:mi></mml:mfenced><mml:mtext>.</mml:mtext></mml:mtd></mml:mtr></mml:mtable></mml:math> The measurements are consistent with Standard Model predictions.
Is This the Right Place? Geometric-Semantic Pose Verification for Indoor Visual Localization (2019)

Visual localization in large and complex indoor scenes, dominated by weakly textured rooms and repeating geometric patterns, is a challenging problem with high practical relevance for applications such as Augmented Reality and robotics. To handle the ambiguities arising in this scenario, a common strategy is, first, to generate multiple estimates for the camera pose from which a given query image was taken. The pose with the largest geometric consistency with the query image, e.g., in the form of an inlier count, is then selected in a second stage. While a significant amount of research has concentrated on the first stage, there has been considerably less work on the second stage. In this paper, we thus focus on pose verification. We show that combining different modalities, namely appearance, geometry, and semantics, considerably boosts pose verification and consequently pose accuracy. We develop multiple hand-crafted as well as a trainable approach to join into the geometric-semantic verification and show significant improvements over state-of-the-art on a very challenging indoor dataset.
Liquid crystal elastomer coatings with programmed response of surface profile (2018)

Stimuli-responsive liquid crystal elastomers with molecular orientation coupled to rubber-like elasticity show a great potential as elements in soft robotics, sensing, and transport systems. The orientational order defines their mechanical response to external stimuli, such as thermally activated muscle-like contraction. Here we demonstrate a dynamic thermal control of the surface topography of an elastomer prepared as a coating with a pattern of in-plane molecular orientation. The inscribed pattern determines whether the coating develops elevations, depressions, or in-plane deformations when the temperature changes. The deterministic dependence of the out-of-plane dynamic profile on the in-plane orientation is explained by activation forces. These forces are caused by stretching-contraction of the polymer networks and by spatially varying molecular orientation. The activation force concept brings the responsive liquid crystal elastomers into the domain of active matter. The demonstrated relationship can be used to design coatings with functionalities that mimic biological tissues such as skin.
Single-photon counting for the 1300–1600-nm range by use of Peltier-cooled and passively quenched InGaAs avalanche photodiodes (2000)

We evaluate the performance of various commercially available InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes for photon counting in the infrared at temperatures that can be reached by Peltier cooling. We find that dark count rates are high, and this can partially saturate devices before optimum performance is achieved. At low temperatures the dark count rate rises because of a strong contribution from correlated afterpulses. We discuss ways of suppressing these afterpulses for different photon-counting applications.
Inhibition of Coronavirus Entry In Vitro and Ex Vivo by a Lipid-Conjugated Peptide Derived from the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein HRC Domain (2020)

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19), has erupted into a global pandemic that has led to tens of millions of infections and hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide. The development of therapeutics to treat infection or as prophylactics to halt viral transmission and spread is urgently needed. SARS-CoV-2 relies on structural rearrangements within a spike (S) glycoprotein to mediate fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. Here, we describe the development of a lipopeptide that is derived from the C-terminal heptad repeat (HRC) domain of SARS-CoV-2 S that potently inhibits infection by SARS-CoV-2. The lipopeptide inhibits cell-cell fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-2 S and blocks infection by live SARS-CoV-2 in Vero E6 cell monolayers more effectively than previously described lipopeptides. The SARS-CoV-2 lipopeptide exhibits broad-spectrum activity by inhibiting cell-cell fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-1 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and blocking infection by live MERS-CoV in cell monolayers. We also show that the SARS-CoV-2 HRC-derived lipopeptide potently blocks the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures, an <i>ex vivo</i> model designed to mimic respiratory viral propagation in humans. While viral spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection was widespread in untreated airways, those treated with SARS-CoV-2 HRC lipopeptide showed no detectable evidence of viral spread. These data provide a framework for the development of peptide therapeutics for the treatment of or prophylaxis against SARS-CoV-2 as well as other coronaviruses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19, continues to spread globally, placing strain on health care systems and resulting in rapidly increasing numbers of cases and mortalities. Despite the growing need for medical intervention, no FDA-approved vaccines are yet available, and treatment has been limited to supportive therapy for the alleviation of symptoms. Entry inhibitors could fill the important role of preventing initial infection and preventing spread. Here, we describe the design, synthesis, and evaluation of a lipopeptide that is derived from the HRC domain of the SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein that potently inhibits fusion mediated by SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein and blocks infection by live SARS-CoV-2 in both cell monolayers (<i>in vitro</i>) and human airway tissues (<i>ex vivo</i>). Our results highlight the SARS-CoV-2 HRC-derived lipopeptide as a promising therapeutic candidate for SARS-CoV-2 infections.
Therapeutic Targeting of DNA Replication Stress in Cancer (2023)

This article reviews the currently used therapeutic strategies to target DNA replication stress for cancer treatment in the clinic, highlighting their effectiveness and limitations due to toxicity and drug resistance. Cancer cells experience enhanced spontaneous DNA damage due to compromised DNA replication machinery, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, loss of tumor suppressor genes, and/or constitutive activation of oncogenes. Consequently, these cells are addicted to DNA damage response signaling pathways and repair machinery to maintain genome stability and support survival and proliferation. Chemotherapeutic drugs exploit this genetic instability by inducing additional DNA damage to overwhelm the repair system in cancer cells. However, the clinical use of DNA-damaging agents is limited by their toxicity and drug resistance often arises. To address these issues, the article discusses a potential strategy to target the cancer-associated isoform of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (caPCNA), which plays a central role in the DNA replication and damage response network. Small molecule and peptide agents that specifically target caPCNA can selectively target cancer cells without significant toxicity to normal cells or experimental animals.
Construction and calibration of numerical ground-water-flow models of the western half of the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire (1999)

1. Map showing locations of ground-water wells, test borings, river-gaging stations, and subbasins in the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire [In pocket] 2. Map showing numerical grid of the western part of the Milford-Souhegan glacial-drift aquifer, [In pocket] Contents III areas of the model where further testing is suggested. These areas include those (1) near the source area of contaminants, (2) in the northcentral part of the plume, and (3) at the northern leading edge of contaminants near the confluence of two rivers. Construction and Calibration of Numerical Ground-Water-Flow Models of the Western Half of the Milford-Souhegan Glacial-Drift Aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire Construction and Calibration of Numerical Ground-Water-Flow Models of the Western Half of the Milford-Souhegan Glacial-Drift Aquifer, Milford, New Hampshire
Understanding memory B cell responses to a chimeric-based universal influenza virus vaccine candidate (2020)

Abstract A universal influenza virus vaccine candidate trial was recently conducted that utilized novel influenza viruses expressing chimeric hemagglutinin (HA) proteins. The chimeric HAs present in the vaccines are composed of a typical stalk domain (from an H1 HA) paired with an exotic head from a strain to which humans are naive (avian H5 or H8). Given the conserved nature of the HA-stalk region, broadly neutralizing antibodies that target this region would confer protection against a wide range of influenza virus strains. The major objective of the trial is to determine whether the human immune response to influenza virus can be re-programmed to target universally conserved stalk epitopes. In this study, we collected antigen-specific memory B cells at day 28 post-vaccination at prime, boost and 1-year time points, and subsequently characterized both the transcriptome by single cell RNA-seq and antibody specificity by generating monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the sequenced immunoglobulin genes of the same B cells. Our research has suggested HA stalk-reactive B cells were selected after the boost time point. In addition, we have identified clonal expansions within an individual (referred to as private clones) and across multiple individuals (referred to as public clones) that have neutralizing capability and are able to bind divergent influenza strains. Furthermore, we have identified different memory B cell subsets induced by universal influenza virus vaccination at the single-cell level.
Maximizing the bandwidth of supercontinuum generation in As_2Se_3 chalcogenide fibers (2010)

We describe in detail a procedure for maximizing the bandwidth of supercontinuum generation in As(2)Se(3) chalcogenide fibers and the physics behind this procedure. First, we determine the key parameters that govern the design. Second, we find the conditions for the fiber to be endlessly single-mode; the fiber should be endlessly single-mode to maintain high nonlinearity and low coupling loss. We find that supercontinuum generation in As(2)Se(3) fibers proceeds in two stages--an initial stage that is dominated by four-wave mixing and a later stage that is dominated by the Raman-induced soliton self-frequency shift. Third, we determine the conditions to maximize the Stokes wavelength that is generated by four-wave mixing in the initial stage. Finally, we put all these pieces together to maximize the bandwidth. We show that it is possible to generate an optical bandwidth of more than 4 microm with an input pump wavelength of 2.5 microm using an As(2)Se(3) fiber with an air-hole-diameter-to-pitch ratio of 0.4 and a pitch of 3 microm. Obtaining this bandwidth requires a careful choice of the fiber's waveguide parameters and the pulse's peak power and duration, which determine respectively the fiber's dispersion and nonlinearity.