gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Market basket analysis visualization on a spherical surface</title> (2001)

This paper discusses the visualization of the relationships in e-commerce transactions. To date, many practical research projects have shown the usefulness of a physics-based mass- spring technique to layout data items with close relationships on a graph. We describe a market basket analysis visualization system using this technique. This system is described as the following: (1) integrates a physics-based engine into a visual data mining platform; (2) use a 3D spherical surface to visualize the cluster of related data items; and (3) for large volumes of transactions, uses hidden structures to unclutter the display. Several examples of market basket analysis are also provided.
Three-Dimensional Printing in Combined Cartesian and Curvilinear Coordinates (2022)

Abstract A three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that facilitates continuous printing along a combination of Cartesian and curvilinear coordinates, designed for in vivo and in situ bioprinting, is introduced. The combined Cartesian/curvilinear printing head motion is accomplished by attaching a biomimetic, flexible, “tendon cable” soft robot arm to a conventional Cartesian three axis 3D printing carousel. This allows printing along a combination of Cartesian and curvilinear coordinates using five independent stepper motors controlled by an Arduino Uno with each motor requiring a microstep driver powered via a 12 V power supply. Three of the independent motors control the printing head motion along conventional Cartesian coordinates while two of the independent motors control the length of each pair of the four “tendon cables” which in turn controls the radius of curvature and the angle displacement of the soft printer head along two orthogonal planes. This combination imparts motion along six independent degrees-of-freedom in Cartesian and curvilinear coordinates. The design of the system is described together with experimental results, which demonstrate that this design can print continuously along curved and inclined surfaces while avoiding the “staircase” effect, which is typical of conventional three axis 3D printing along curvilinear surfaces.
Pathogenic mutations in GLI2 cause a specific phenotype that is distinct from holoprosencephaly (2014)

98-HG-0249/04-HG-0093.
A Silicon-on-Thin-Buried-Oxide CMOS Microcontroller with Embedded Atom-Switch ROM (2015)

The authors demonstrate an ultra-low-power microcontroller unit (MCU) with an embedded atom-switch ROM, which performs 0.39-V operation voltage and 18.26-pJ/cycle minimum active energy (or 18.26-μW/MHz minimum active power) at 14.3 MHz. The MCU is fabricated using an embedded atom-switch process with a hybrid silicon-on-thin-buried-oxide (SOTB) core and bulk I/O transistors. The atom switch is suitable for an ultra-low-voltage operation because of its high on/off conductance ratio. The SOTB CMOS with a body-bias voltage control realizes a high operation frequency of 40 MHz at 0.54 V and an ultra-low sleep power of 0.628 μW, simultaneously.
Subnanotesla Magnetometry with a Fiber-Coupled Diamond Sensor (2020)

Nitrogen-vacancy centers (NVCs) in diamond are being explored for future quantum technologies, and in particular ensembles of NVC are the basis for sensitive magnetometers. We present a fiber-coupled NVC magnetometer with an unshielded sensitivity of $(310\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}20)\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{pT}/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$ in the frequency range of 10--150 Hz at room temperature. This takes advantage of low-strain ${}^{12}\mathrm{C}$ diamond, lenses for fiber coupling and optimization of microwave modulation frequency, modulation amplitude, and power. Fiber coupling means the sensor can be conveniently brought within 2 mm of the object under study.
Use of a Recombinant Fluorescent Substrate with Cleavage Sites for All Botulinum Neurotoxins in High-Throughput Screening of Natural Product Extracts for Inhibitors of Serotypes A, B, and E (2007)

The seven serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNTs) are zinc metalloproteases that cleave and inactivate proteins critical for neurotransmission. The synaptosomal protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) is cleaved by BoNTs A, C, and E, while vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP) is the substrate for BoNTs B, D, F, and G. BoNTs not only are medically useful drugs but also are potential bioterrorist and biowarfare threat agents. Because BoNT protease activity is required for toxicity, inhibitors of that activity might be effective for antibotulinum therapy. To expedite inhibitor discovery, we constructed a hybrid gene encoding (from the N terminus to the C terminus, with respect to the expressed product) green fluorescent protein, then a SNAP-25 fragment encompassing residues Met-127 to Gly-206, and then VAMP residues Met-1 to Lys-94. Cysteine was added as the C terminus. The expressed product, which contained the protease cleavage sites for all seven botulinum serotypes, was purified and coupled covalently through the C-terminal sulfhydryl group to maleimide-activated 96-well plates. The substrate was readily cleaved by BoNTs A, B, D, E, and F. Using this assay and an automated 96-well pipettor, we screened 528 natural product extracts for inhibitors of BoNT A, B, and E protease activities. Serotype-specific inhibition was found in 30 extracts, while 5 others inhibited two serotypes.
Adaptive array noise suppression of handsfree speaker input in cars (1993)

Handsfree speaker input of mobile telephones is most desirable today in order to enable safe operation in cars. This is also a prerequisite for voice control of car devices. This paper presents an "on the road" evaluation of the performance of an adaptive microphone array for speech enhancement in cars. The results show a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement in the range of 10-15 dB over the telephone frequency range with a slight favour for higher frequencies when driving at normal speeds.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Production of refined red palm-pressed fibre oil from physical refining pilot plant (2020)

Palm-pressed fiber oil (PPFO) is unique as it contains higher amount of carotenoids, vitamin E (tocotrienols & tocopherols) and other phytonutrients (squalene and sterols) as compared to crude palm oil (CPO). However, crude PPFO has high phosphorus content and free fatty acid (FFA) and at the same time low in deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI) that requires specific refining steps for achieving a good quality oil properties. The physical refining pilot plant scale was developed, involved a combination of step including wet and acid degumming and bleaching followed by high vacuum deacidification. The optimum refining conditions comprises wet degumming using 5.0 wt/wt% of distilled water at 90°C for 20 min, acid degumming using 0.5 wt% of phosphoric acid at 90°C for 10 min, bleaching using 1.0 wt% of natural bleaching earth at 105°C for 20 min, and deacidification at 160°C and 0.001 mmHg. A significant reduction of phosphorus content of 97% (from 633±83 ppm to 11±2 ppm) and FFA of 91% (from 5.30±0.19% to 0.35 ± 0.09%) were achieved in the pilot scale study. The DOBI value of refined red PPFO improved from 2.02 ± 0.18 to 2.68 ± 0.04. Besides, the carotenoids (986±55 ppm) and vitamin E (1075±64 ppm) in refined red PPFO were preserved by applying the mild temperature of deacidification. The pilot scale results establish a significant contribution to the feasibility of the refined red palm-pressed oil.
The Hepatic Microvascular Responses to Sepsis (2000)

The liver is believed to play a major role in the initiation of multiorgan failure, the most lethal complication in the clinical course of sepsis. Microbes and their virulence factors enter the hepatic circulation where they first activate sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells to produce proinflammatory mediators, including TNF-alpha, IL-1, IL-6, reactive oxygen metabolites, and eicosanoids. These mediators cause not only microbial killing, but also structural and functional liver damage concerning mainly the parenchymal cells. Leukocytes are targeted to the liver sinusoids by chemoattractants and, like platelets, tether to the sinusoidal endothelial cells, which are in a procoagulant state of inflammatory activation. Clogging of the sinusoids by these cells leads to a decrease of blood flow through the sinusoids, which is further aggravated by endothelin-1 effectuating the constriction of hepatic stellate cells in the sinusoids. In contrast, both nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO) act as antagonists of endothelin-1 by mediating relaxation of sinusoidal vessels. By maintaining an adequate sinusoidal perfusion, both NO and CO are hepatoprotective during the early, hyperdynamic phase of sepsis characterized by an increased cardiac output and moderate peripheral vasodilation. However, during the late, hypodynamic phase of sepsis, massive overproduction of NO by the inducible NO synthase leads to circulatory collapse, which inevitably includes breakdown of the liver circulation.
Detailed, Accurate, Human Shape Estimation from Clothed 3D Scan Sequences (2017)

We address the problem of estimating human pose and body shape from 3D scans over time. Reliable estimation of 3D body shape is necessary for many applications including virtual try-on, health monitoring, and avatar creation for virtual reality. Scanning bodies in minimal clothing, however, presents a practical barrier to these applications. We address this problem by estimating body shape under clothing from a sequence of 3D scans. Previous methods that have exploited body models produce smooth shapes lacking personalized details. We contribute a new approach to recover a personalized shape of the person. The estimated shape deviates from a parametric model to fit the 3D scans. We demonstrate the method using high quality 4D data as well as sequences of visual hulls extracted from multi-view images. We also make available BUFF, a new 4D dataset that enables quantitative evaluation (http://buff.is.tue.mpg.de). Our method outperforms the state of the art in both pose estimation and shape estimation, qualitatively and quantitatively.
Simultaneous visual detection and identification: theory and data (1982)

A signal-detection model is presented for the two-alternative forced-choice procedure that gathers simultaneous detection and identification judgments. By using vector representation, a measure of independent processing within the visual system is derived. The independence measure is applied to data on the detection and identification of stimuli that differ along the dimensions of orientation, spatial frequency, and size. Data are presented that favor the signal-detection model over a high-threshold model.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Acquired Resistance of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to MET Kinase Inhibition Is Mediated by a Switch to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dependency (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Acquired Resistance of Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells to MET Kinase Inhibition Is Mediated by a Switch to Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Dependency
Inert atmosphere KBr pellet press and cell (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInert atmosphere KBr pellet press and cellRichard R. Hendrixson , Richard A. Palmer , and David R. Whitcomb Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1978, 55, 9, 585Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1978Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 September 1978Published inissue 1 September 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ed055p585Request reuse permissionsArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (504 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Zinc inhibits nuclear factor-kappa B activation and sensitizes prostate cancer cells to cytotoxic agents. (2002)

Prostate carcinogenesis involves transformation of zinc-accumulating normal epithelial cells to malignant cells, which do not accumulate zinc. In this study, we demonstrate by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry that physiological levels of zinc inhibit activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa B transcription factor in PC-3 and DU-145 human prostate cancer cells, reduce expression of NF-kappa B-controlled antiapoptotic protein c-IAP2, and activate c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinases. Preincubation of PC-3 cells with physiological concentrations of zinc sensitized tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and paclitaxel mediated cell death as defined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling assay. These results suggest one possible mechanism for the inhibitory effect of zinc on the development and progression of prostate malignancy and might have important consequences for the prevention and treatment of prostate cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Azidoesters as Divergent Intermediates for Combinatorial Generation of Glucofuranose Libraries of Novel N‐Linked Glycopeptides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Alveoscopy in diffuse interstitial lung disease. (2007)

International audience
Dopamine receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database (2019)

Dopamine receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Dopamine Receptors [363]) are commonly divided into D1-like (D1 and D5) and D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) families, where the endogenous agonist is dopamine.
Amphiphilic Graphene Composites (2010)

Both kinds of solubility: An amphiphilic reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite is synthesized by using a novel coil-rod-coil conjugated triblock copolymer as the π–π binding stabilizer. Such a graphene-based composite can be dissolved not only in organic solvents with low polarity (such as toluene and chloroform) but also in water-miscible solvents with high polarity (for example methanol). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Large area lighting applications with organic dye embedded flexible film (2015)

A flexible large area lighting devices have been demonstrated by PDMS films. The (polydimethylsiloxane) PDMS films doped with organic/inorganic materials. The PDMS film is favorable due to its heat stability, good transparency, and flexibility. This study aimed to combine both organic and inorganic materials for flexible large area lighting applications. The architecture consists of blue LEDs coupled to a leaky waveguide that is covered with the PDMS film. The white light was generated with the poly (9, 9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole)F8BT blended into the PDMS slurry. Organic wavelength conversion materials were chosen owing to their ability to decompose in nature. The more conventional inorganic phosphors such as YAG are difficult to decompose and may present environmental issues which can bring concerns in many lighting applications. These flexible PDMS films had thicknesses of 100μm, 440μm, and 980μm. The resulting white light devices had color temperatures of 8944K, 4863K, and 4429K, respectively. In this study, we have also compared the performance of the organic versus conventional YAG phosphor embedded films.
Discovery and Optimization of a Novel Series of Highly Selective JAK1 Kinase Inhibitors (2018)

Janus kinases (JAKs) have been demonstrated to be critical in cytokine signaling and have thus been implicated in both cancer and inflammatory diseases. The JAK family consists of four highly homologous members: JAK1-3 and TYK2. The development of small-molecule inhibitors that are selective for a specific family member would represent highly desirable tools for deconvoluting the intricacies of JAK family biology. Herein, we report the discovery of a potent JAK1 inhibitor, 24, which displays ∼1000-fold selectivity over the other highly homologous JAK family members (determined by biochemical assays), while also possessing good selectivity over other kinases (determined by panel screening). Moreover, this compound was demonstrated to be orally bioavailable and possesses acceptable pharmacokinetic parameters. In an in vivo study, the compound was observed to dose dependently modulate the phosphorylation of STAT3 (a downstream marker of JAK1 inhibition).
Molecular orbital calculation of migration barriers in the lithium tetrafluoroaluminate and magnesium pentafluoroaluminate complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular orbital calculation of migration barriers in the lithium tetrafluoroaluminate and magnesium pentafluoroaluminate complexesL. A. CurtissCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1982, 21, 11, 4100–4101Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00141a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00141a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views44Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Your GAN is Secretly an Energy-based Model and You Should use Discriminator Driven Latent Sampling (2020)

We show that the sum of the implicit generator log-density $\log p_g$ of a GAN with the logit score of the discriminator defines an energy function which yields the true data density when the generator is imperfect but the discriminator is optimal, thus making it possible to improve on the typical generator (with implicit density $p_g$). To make that practical, we show that sampling from this modified density can be achieved by sampling in latent space according to an energy-based model induced by the sum of the latent prior log-density and the discriminator output score. This can be achieved by running a Langevin MCMC in latent space and then applying the generator function, which we call Discriminator Driven Latent Sampling~(DDLS). We show that DDLS is highly efficient compared to previous methods which work in the high-dimensional pixel space and can be applied to improve on previously trained GANs of many types. We evaluate DDLS on both synthetic and real-world datasets qualitatively and quantitatively. On CIFAR-10, DDLS substantially improves the Inception Score of an off-the-shelf pre-trained SN-GAN~\citep{sngan} from $8.22$ to $9.09$ which is even comparable to the class-conditional BigGAN~\citep{biggan} model. This achieves a new state-of-the-art in unconditional image synthesis setting without introducing extra parameters or additional training.
Identification of a Novel Prostaglandin F2α Synthase in Trypanosoma brucei (2000)

Members of the genus Trypanosoma cause African trypanosomiasis in humans and animals in Africa. Infection of mammals by African trypanosomes is characterized by an upregulation of prostaglandin (PG) production in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. These metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) may, in part, be responsible for symptoms such as fever, headache, immunosuppression, deep muscle hyperaesthesia, miscarriage, ovarian dysfunction, sleepiness, and other symptoms observed in patients with chronic African trypanosomiasis. Here, we show that the protozoan parasite T. brucei is involved in PG production and that it produces PGs enzymatically from AA and its metabolite, PGH(2). Among all PGs synthesized, PGF(2alpha) was the major prostanoid produced by trypanosome lysates. We have purified a novel T. brucei PGF(2alpha) synthase (TbPGFS) and cloned its cDNA. Phylogenetic analysis and molecular properties revealed that TbPGFS is completely distinct from mammalian PGF synthases. We also found that TbPGFS mRNA expression and TbPGFS activity were high in the early logarithmic growth phase and low during the stationary phase. The characterization of TbPGFS and its gene in T. brucei provides a basis for the molecular analysis of the role of parasite-derived PGF(2alpha) in the physiology of the parasite and the pathogenesis of African trypanosomiasis.
Use of Formal Methods at Amazon Web Services (2014)

Since 2011, engineers at Amazon Web Services (AWS) have been using formal specification and model-checking to help solve difficult design problems in critical systems. This paper describes our motivation and experience, what has worked well in our problem domain, and what has not. When discussing personal experiences we refer to authors by their initials. At AWS we strive to build services that are simple for customers to use. That external simplicity is built on a hidden substrate of complex distributed systems. Such complex internals are required to achieve high-availability while running on cost-efficient infrastructure, and also to cope with relentless rapid business-growth. As an example of this growth; in 2006 we launched S3, our Simple Storage Service. In the 6 years after launch, S3 grew to store 1 trillion objects [1]. Less than a year later it had grown to 2 trillion objects, and was regularly handling 1.1 million requests per second [2]. S3 is just one of tens of AWS services that store and process data that our customers have entrusted to us. To safeguard that data, the core of each service relies on fault-tolerant distributed algorithms for replication, consistency, concurrency control, auto-scaling, load-balancing, and other coordination tasks. There are many such algorithms in the literature, but combining them into a cohesive system is a major challenge, as the algorithms must usually be modified in order to interact properly in a real-world