gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermo-magnetic random access memory: a new route for low power applications (2005)

The concept of thermo-magnetic writing was demonstrated and important features such as selectivity and the protection against stray fields were confirmed. Moreover, submicron size magnetic tunnel junctions can be written using 5 ns heating pulses proving that the thermo-magnetic approach is competitive with the conventional schemes in terms of write speed. In this approach, both magnetic electrodes of the tunnel junction are exchange-biased with antiferromagnetic layers, the reference layer having a much higher blocking temperature. During the write operation, the selection transistor is opened and a current pulse is sent through the stack. The heat generated in the vicinity of the tunnel barrier allows reaching the blocking temperature of the storage layer without affecting the reference layer. The system is then cooled under a magnetic field, larger than the coercive field of the storage layer.
SATURN (2020)

SATURN is a thin and flexible multi-layer material that can sense sound and other mechanical vibrations in the environment without any external power source. It is constructed of inexpensive materials (paper, copper, and plastic), so that it can be attached to a variety of objects and surfaces. When flat, SATURN's frequency response below 5000Hz is comparable to a powered microphone. When bent, SATURN has a comparable frequency response up to 3000Hz. As a sound power harvester, SATURN can harvest 7 microWatts, which allows the detection of loud sound events. We explore the space of potential applications for SATURN as part of self-sustaining interactive systems.
Crosstalk-induced degradation in an optical-noise-limited detection system (2003)

Considering an optical-noise-limited detection system, we established theoretically and experimentally that in-band crosstalk tolerance strongly depends on parameters such as optical signal-to-noise ratio extinction ratio and decision threshold.
Autonomous Valve Controls Excess Water, Gas Production To Increase Oil Recovery (2020)

Increasing sensitivity to oil price fluctuation requires operators to reduce costs of operation. A key component is collaborative management by operators and suppliers to reduce cost over the full life cycle of the operation. Much of the focus is on the equipment-purchasing strategy; nonetheless, effective technology such as an autonomous inflow control valve could also benefit the operating expenditure (OPEX) savings by enhancing oil recovery and reducing processing costs of excessive unwanted water and gas in surface facilities. OPEX comprises labor, chemicals, consumables, infrastructure maintenance, transportation, disposal, and other utilities. Capital expenditure (CAPEX) may also be reduced for long-term projects, which generally comprise infrastructure such as pipelines, pumps, disposal wells, ponds/storage treatment facilities, and other associated utilities infrastructure. The average cost for handling produced water starts from about $1.50/bbl, depending on the geographical location of the operation. Such costs may justify an assessment of an autonomous inflow control valve (AICV) to reduce unwanted water and gas to achieve OPEX savings. Horizontal wells are a proven option to maximize reservoir contact in certain situations. A challenge is often early water breakthrough in less than 6 months from starting production, and then progressively producing very-high water cuts, often 95%, for long periods of times thereafter. Inflow control device (ICD) technology has demonstrated potential in improving recovery in horizontal oil wells by delaying the gas and/or water breakthrough. However, ICDs cannot restrict water effluents once breakthrough occurs. A new generation of inflow control technology known as an AICV can balance the production flow and choke and shut the water-effluent zones once breakthrough occurs. Basis of Design The design is based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation and Bernoulli’s principle. It uses the difference in fluid-flow behavior in the laminar- and the turbulent-flow restrictor to differentiate the pressure drop using the mobility ratio between oil, water, and gas. Light-viscosity fluids such as water and gas have high mobility and allow the AICV to detect the mobility difference, then choke and shut the main inflow area in the valve autonomously. Fig. 1 illustrates the construction of the valve in open positions, showing the direction of flow with arrows and the P1, P2, and P3 pressure locations. The inlet pressure is represented by P1: 2-5% of the main flow will move through the laminar-flow element (LFE) that will reduce the pressure to P2. Further pressure reduction occurs in the turbulent-flow element (TFE) to P3 as the tubing pressure. The differential pressure in LFE reacts to the piston’s effective area, resulting in a force balance around the piston to control the valve’s function (e.g., to open, choke, or close the main flow).
TGF-β-induced differentiation into myofibroblasts involves specific regulation of two MKL1 isoforms (2014)

Cellular transformation into myofibroblasts is a central physiological process enabling tissue repair. Its deregulation promotes fibrosis and carcinogenesis. TGF-β is the main inducer of the contractile gene program that drives myofibroblast differentiation from various precursor cell types. Crucial regulators of this transcriptional program are serum response factor (SRF) and its cofactor MKL1 (also known as MRTF-A). However, the exact mechanism of the crosstalk between TGF-β signaling and MKL1 remains unclear. Here, we report the discovery of a novel MKL1 variant/isoform, MKL1_S, transcribed from an alternative promoter and uncover a novel translation start for the published human isoform, MKL1_L. Using a human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation model, we show that TGF-β specifically upregulates MKL1_S during the initial phase of myofibroblast differentiation. We identified a functional N-terminal motif in MKL1_S that allows specific induction of a group of genes including the extracellular matrix (ECM) modifiers MMP16 and SPOCK3/testican-3. We propose that TGF-β-mediated induction of MKL1_S initiates progression to later stages of differentiation towards a stationary myofibroblast.
Continuous-wave subwavelength microdisk lasers at λ = 153 µm (2010)

Subwavelength InGaAs/AlInAs microdisk lasers are demonstrated under continuous-wave optical pumping at a heat-sink temperature of 45 K. A 1.49 µm diameter, 209 nm thick microdisk lases in single-mode at a wavelength of 1.53 µm, which is identified as the whispering-gallery mode with the first radial mode number, the fifth azimuthal mode number, and a modal volume of 2.12(λ/n)(3) according to our mode simulation.
ChemInform Abstract: Olefin Metathesis in Carbohydrate Chemistry (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Late posterior failure after mitral valve repair in degenerative disease (2008)

In case of late posterior failure of mitral valve repair for severe degenerative, re-repair is feasible in about 70% of the patients with encouraging results at 10 years.
High Repetition Rate, LINAC-based Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence FY 2009 Final Report (2009)

Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF), which is possible for nuclei with atomic numbers greater than helium (Z=2), occurs when a nuclear level is excited by resonant absorption of a photon and subsequently decays by reemission of a photon. The excited nuclear states can become readily populated, provided the incident photon’s energy is within the Doppler-broadened width of the energy level being excited. Utilizing continuous energy photon spectra, as is characteristic of a bremsstrahlung photon beam, as the inspection source, ensures that at least some fraction of the impinging beam will contribute to the population of the excited energy levels in the material of interest. Upon de-excitation, either to the ground state or to a lower-energy excited state, the emitted fluorescence photon’s energy will correspond to the energy difference between the excited state and the state to which it decays. As each isotope inherently contains unique nuclear energy levels, the NRF states for each isotope are also unique. By exploiting this phenomenon, NRF photon detection provides a well-defined signature for identifying the presence of individual nuclear species. This report summarizes the second year (Fiscal Year [FY] 2009) of a collaborative research effort between Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho State University’s Idaho Accelerator Center, and Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. This effort focused on continuing to assess and optimize NRF-based detection techniques utilizing a slightly modified, commercially available, pulsed medical electron accelerator.
Pit Growth in NiFe Thin Films (1992)

Pit growth was studied in 80Ni-20Fe sputtered thin films by analysis of images of the growing pits. The pit current density was found to increase with pit growth potential until reaching a limiting value. The limiting current density increased with decreasing film thickness. The mass-transfer resistance to the active pit wall exceeds by an order of magnitude that predicted from a simple radial-diffusion model. It is suggested that the undercut, remnant passive film collapses over the pit wall causing a constriction. A voltage component calculation matches the data rather well and indicates that pit growth below the limiting current density is limited by a combination of ohmic, concentration, and surface activation considerations.
Genetic analysis of simian virus 40 from brains and kidneys of macaque monkeys (1992)

Simian virus 40 (SV40) was isolated from the brains of three rhesus monkeys and the kidneys of two other rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus-induced immunodeficiency. A striking feature of these five cases was the tissue specificity of the SV40 replication. SV40 was also isolated from the kidney of a Taiwanese rock macaque with immunodeficiency probably caused by type D retrovirus infection. Multiple full-length clones were derived from all six fresh SV40 isolates, and two separate regions of their genomes were sequenced: the origin (ori)-enhancer region and the coding region for the carboxy terminus of T antigen (T-ag). None of the 23 clones analyzed had two 72-bp enhancer elements as are present in the commonly used laboratory strain 776 of SV40; 22 of these 23 clones were identical in their ori-enhancer sequences, and these had only a single 72-bp enhancer element. We found no evidence for differences in ori-enhancer sequences associated with tissue-specific SV40 replication. The T-ag coding sequence that was analyzed was identical in all clones from kidney. However, significant variation was observed in the carboxy-terminal region of T-ag in SV40 isolated from brain tissues. This sequence variation was located in a region previously reported to be responsible for SV40 host range in cultured cell lines. Thus, SV40 appears to be an opportunistic pathogen in the setting of simian immunodeficiency virus-induced immunodeficiency, similarly to JC virus in human immunodeficiency virus-infected humans, the enhancer sequence organization generally attributed to SV40 is not representative of natural SV40 isolates, and sequence variation near the carboxy terminus of T-ag may play a role in tissue-specific replication of SV40.
Shape-Morphing Chromonic Liquid Crystal Hydrogels (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTShape-Morphing Chromonic Liquid Crystal HydrogelsRuvini S. Kularatne, Hyun Kim, Manasvini Ammanamanchi, Heather N. Hayenga, and Taylor H. Ware*View Author Information Department of Bioengineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, 800 West Campbell Road, Mailstop BSB 11, Richardson, Texas 75080, United States*Taylor H. Ware. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Chem. Mater. 2016, 28, 23, 8489–8492Publication Date (Web):November 23, 2016Publication History Received24 October 2016Revised21 November 2016Published online28 November 2016Published inissue 13 December 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04553https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.6b04553rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2799Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Hydrogels,Liquid crystals,Liquids,Mixtures,Monomers Get e-Alerts
Modeling of antioxidant loss from polyolefins in hot‐water applications. I: Model and application to medium density polyethylene pipes (1992)

Abstract This paper is the first in a series of related papers describing the application of a diffusion/reaction model to the loss of antioxidants from polyolefins in hot‐water applications. The model, which is derived in detail, describes the time evolution of antioxidant concentration profiles in the exposed material in terms of adjustable parameters. The parameters describe the rates of diffusion, evaporation, extraction, and chemical reaction of antioxidant. Parameter values are determined by least‐squares fitting of the calculated concentration profiles to experimental profiles. The model is applied to a commercial medium density polyethylene pipe material, where antioxidant concentration data from thermal analysis is available for water/air (internal/external) exposure at three temperatures. A comparison of parameter values with literature data is undertaken. The temperature dependence of the parameters is considered and activation energies are compared with literature values. The relative importances of the loss mechanisms are discussed. The effect of boundary conditions on parameter values is considered by application of the model to a limited amount of available data for air/air and water/water exposures. The results indicate that for water/air exposure, extraction by the water phase is the dominating loss mechanism.
Genetic Basis for the Biosynthesis of the Pharmaceutically Important Class of Epoxyketone Proteasome Inhibitors (2013)

The epoxyketone proteasome inhibitors are an established class of therapeutic agents for the treatment of cancer. Their unique α',β'-epoxyketone pharmacophore allows binding to the catalytic β-subunits of the proteasome with extraordinary specificity. Here, we report the characterization of the first gene clusters for the biosynthesis of natural peptidyl-epoxyketones. The clusters for epoxomicin, the lead compound for the anticancer drug Kyprolis, and for eponemycin were identified in the actinobacterial producer strains ATCC 53904 and Streptomyces hygroscopicus ATCC 53709, respectively, using a modified protocol for Ion Torrent PGM genome sequencing. Both gene clusters code for a hybrid nonribosomal peptide synthetase/polyketide synthase multifunctional enzyme complex and homologous redox enzymes. Epoxomicin and eponemycin were heterologously produced in Streptomyces albus J1046 via whole pathway expression. Moreover, we employed mass spectral molecular networking for a new comparative metabolomics approach in a heterologous system and discovered a number of putative epoxyketone derivatives. With this study, we have definitively linked epoxyketone proteasome inhibitors and their biosynthesis genes for the first time in any organism, which will now allow for their detailed biochemical investigation.
Sizing current transformers for line protection applications (2013)

This paper discusses the factors to consider for sizing current transformers (CTs) for line protection applications. We first cover CT basics, with emphasis on errors and ac and dc saturation. We also discuss the criteria to avoid CT saturation. Then we analyze the effect of CT saturation on overcurrent, distance, directional, and differential elements. Further, we present the advances in protection element design to improve security and speed under CT saturation conditions. Finally, we discuss the tools available to the protection engineer for CT sizing and provide some guidelines.
DrugEx v3: scaffold-constrained drug design with graph transformer-based reinforcement learning (2023)

Rational drug design often starts from specific scaffolds to which side chains/substituents are added or modified due to the large drug-like chemical space available to search for novel drug-like molecules. With the rapid growth of deep learning in drug discovery, a variety of effective approaches have been developed for de novo drug design. In previous work we proposed a method named DrugEx, which can be applied in polypharmacology based on multi-objective deep reinforcement learning. However, the previous version is trained under fixed objectives and does not allow users to input any prior information (i.e. a desired scaffold). In order to improve the general applicability, we updated DrugEx to design drug molecules based on scaffolds which consist of multiple fragments provided by users. Here, a Transformer model was employed to generate molecular structures. The Transformer is a multi-head self-attention deep learning model containing an encoder to receive scaffolds as input and a decoder to generate molecules as output. In order to deal with the graph representation of molecules a novel positional encoding for each atom and bond based on an adjacency matrix was proposed, extending the architecture of the Transformer. The graph Transformer model contains growing and connecting procedures for molecule generation starting from a given scaffold based on fragments. Moreover, the generator was trained under a reinforcement learning framework to increase the number of desired ligands. As a proof of concept, the method was applied to design ligands for the adenosine A<sub>2A</sub> receptor (A<sub>2A</sub>AR) and compared with SMILES-based methods. The results show that 100% of the generated molecules are valid and most of them had a high predicted affinity value towards A<sub>2A</sub>AR with given scaffolds.
ChemInform Abstract: ANNULATION REACTIONS OF LEVOGLUCOSENONE. CHIRAL INTERMEDIATES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF NAPHTHO(2.3‐C)PYRAN‐5,10‐QUINONE ANTIBIOTICS (1985)

Abstract Lävoglucosenon (II) reagiert mit (Ia) zu einem instabilen Naphthohydrochinonderivat, das direkt zu (III) methyliert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Cationic Lipids from an Unsaturated Glycoside Scaffold. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Broad-Band Electroluminescence from Highly Stacked InAs Quantum Dot at Telecom-Band (2013)

We have developed a growth procedure for increasing the number of stacked layers of InAs quantum dots (QDs) on an InP(311)B substrate that is resistant to defects and dislocations. In this work, we also developed a modulated stacking structure consisting of various size QDs for electroluminescence (EL). This promotes broad-band emission because each QD-distributed wide range can emit a different wavelength. The EL spectrum of this sample was measured with pulsed current injection. There was a strong emission from the ground state at approximately 1524 nm which is suitable for fiber-optic communications, with an injection current of 100 mA at room temperature. The full width at half maximum was 213 nm. Modulated stacking using this strain-compensation technique is thus a useful way to expand the gain wavelength.
Research Overview of the Consortium for Advanced Research on Transport of Hydrocarbon in the Environment (CARTHE) (2014)

ABSTRACT CARTHE (http://carthe.org/) is a Gulf of Mexico Research Initiative (GoMRI) consortium established through a competitive peer-reviewed selection process. CARTHE comprises 26 principal investigators from 14 universities and research institutions distributed across four Gulf of Mexico states and other four states. It fuses into one group investigators with unique scientific and technical knowledge and extensive publications related to oil fate/transport processes, oceanic and atmospheric turbulence, air-sea interactions, tropical cyclones and winter storms, and coastal and nearshore modeling and observations. Our primary goal is to accurately predict the fate of hydrocarbons released into the environment. Achieving this goal is particularly challenging since petroleum releases into the environment interact with natural processes across six orders of magnitude of time and space scales. We are developing a multi-scale modeling tool by incorporating state-of-the-art hydrophysical models, each applicable for a restricted range of scales, into a single, interconnected modeling system to predict the physical dispersal of hydrocarbons across scales ranging from the microscale at the wellhead to oceanic and atmospheric mesoscales. CARTHE is also conducting novel in-situ observations and laboratory experiments specifically designed for quantifying submesoscale dispersion as well as for both model validation and parameterization. Finally, we are providing a robust set of uncertainty metrics and analysis tools to assess model performance and quantify predictive uncertainty.
A micromachined strain sensor with differential capacitive readout (1999)

This paper describes a laterally deflecting micromachined device that can be used to electronically monitor residual strain and Young's modulus of microstructural materials. Residual strain is indicated by a change in the differential capacitance change, whereas the Young's modulus is provided by the slope of a simple CV (capacitance vs. voltage) test. The device is suitable for automated wafer level as well as post-packaging readout. Typical strain sensitivities are 0.1-1 fF/MPa, and the CV slope essentially doubles (e.g. from 0.23 fF/V to 0.47 fF/V at 70 V bias) as the Young's modulus changes from 220 to 130 GPa. Nickel plated and polysilicon strain sensors were fabricated by surface micromachining techniques and coated with self-assembled monolayers using an ODS-based process. Both stress and Young's modulus measurements from these structures were found to closely match theoretical models.