gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Clinical Signs and Mortality in IFNAR(−/−) Mice Immunised with the Bluetongue Virus Outer-Capsid Proteins VP2 or VP5, after Challenge with an Attenuated Heterologous Serotype (2023)

Bluetongue is an economically important disease of domesticated and wild ruminants caused by bluetongue virus (BTV). There are at least 36 different serotypes of BTV (the identity of which is determined by its outer-capsid protein VP2), most of which are transmitted by <i>Culicoides</i> biting midges. IFNAR<sup>(-/-)</sup> mice immunised with plant-expressed outer-capsid protein VP2 (rVP2) of BTV serotypes -1, -4 or -8, or the smaller outer-capsid protein rVP5 of BTV-10, or mock-immunised with PBS, were subsequently challenged with virulent strains of BTV-4 or BTV-8, or with an attenuated clone of BTV-1 (BTV-1RG<sub>C7</sub>). The mice that had received rVP2 generated a protective immune response against the homologous BTV serotype, reducing viraemia (as detected by qRT-PCR), the severity of clinical signs and mortality levels. No cross-serotype protection was observed after challenge with the heterologous BTV serotypes. However, the severity of clinical signs, viraemia and fatality levels after challenge with the attenuated strain of BTV-1 were all increased in mice immunised with rVP2 of BTV-4 and BTV-8, or with rVP5 of BTV10. The possibility is discussed that non-neutralising antibodies, reflecting serological relationships between the outer-capsid proteins of these different BTV serotypes, could lead to 'antibody-dependent enhancement of infection' (ADE). Such interactions could affect the epidemiology and emergence of different BTV strains in the field and would therefore be relevant to the design and implementation of vaccination campaigns.
Quantum information processing with quantum dots in photonic crystals (2007)

We have experimentally demonstrated cavity quantum electrodynamics with single quantum dots in photonic crystal cavities, both in the strong and weak coupling regimes. Quantum dots on chip are selectively and reversibly tuned into the strong coupling.
Fast Release of Lipophilic Agents from Circulating PEG-PDLLA Micelles Revealed byin VivoFörster Resonance Energy Transfer Imaging (2008)

Understanding the in vivo behavior of nanoparticles is critical for the translation of nanomedicine from laboratory research to clinical trials. In this work, in vivo Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging was employed to monitor the release of hydrophobic molecules from circulating poly(ethylene glycol)-poly( D, L-lactic acid) (PEG-PDLLA) micelles. A lipophilic FRET pair (DiIC(18) and DiOC(18)) was physically entrapped into micelle cores by mimicking the loading of hydrophobic drugs. The FRET efficiency was found significantly reduced within 15 min after intravenous injection, implying that DiIC(18) and DiOC(18) quickly escaped from the circulating micelles. FRET spectroscopy studies further demonstrated that alpha- and beta-globulins were major factors for the observed fast release, while gamma-globulins, albumin, and red blood cells played minor roles. These results provide useful information for developing blood-stable micelles to deliver hydrophobic drugs to the target site via prolonged circulation and extravasation from the vascular system.
Search for microscopic black holes in pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=8 $ TeV (2013)

A bstract A search for microscopic black holes and string balls is presented, based on a data sample of pp collisions at $ \sqrt{s}=8 $ TeV recorded by the CMS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 12 fb −1 . No excess of events with energetic multiparticle final states, typical of black hole production or of similar new physics processes, is observed. Given the agreement of the observations with the expected standard model background, which is dominated by QCD multijet production, 95% confidence level limits are set on the production of semiclassical or quantum black holes, or of string balls, corresponding to the exclusions of masses below 4.3 to 6.2 TeV, depending on model assumptions. In addition, model-independent limits are set on new physics processes resulting in energetic multiparticle final states.
Structural verification and new reactivity for Stang's reagent, [PhI(CN)][OTf] (2023)

The structure of Stang's reagent [PhI(CN)][OTf] is confirmed by X-ray crystallography and is determined to be best described as an ion-pair in organic solution. It is found to be a strong Lewis acid, but reaction with pyridine ligands gives [Pyr-CN][OTf] salts <i>via</i> oxidation of pyridine giving a new derivative of the CDAP reagent widely used as an activation agent for polysaccharides.
Internal structure and dynamics of sheet cavitation (2006)

The internal structure and the dynamics of two-dimensional (2D) sheet cavitation on the suction side of a 2D foil section were investigated experimentally. Experiments were conducted in a cavitation tunnel and situations ranging from steady sheet cavitation to unsteady cloud cavitation were obtained by varying the foil incidence and the cavitation number. Using a novel endoscopic technique, coupled with x-ray attenuation measurements, the two-phase morphology and the void fraction within the sheet cavitation were investigated. Supplemental information on the instantaneous shape of the sheet cavity and its instability frequency were also obtained by visualization and pressure measurements, respectively. The investigations focused on (a) the void fraction distribution and (b) the frequency of the cavity oscillations. It was found that the void ratio can reach as much as 50% depending on the conditions of operation, and the Strouhal numbers are around 0.25 in the case of partial cavity instability and 0.12 in the case of transitional sheet cavitation. Finally, the visualization of the vapor structures within the sheet cavity for various stations along the chord gives a qualitative understanding of the process of vapor production and condensation.
Abstract: Characterization and 3D Modeling of Turbidite Reservoir: A Case Study in Miocene Slope Deposits, Main Pass Area, Offshore Gulf Coast of Mexico&nbsp; (1999)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Interleukin 4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) can mediate the induction of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity directed against fresh tumor cells. (1987)

Interleukin 4 (IL-4) expresses multiple biologic activities, including B cell, mast cell, and T cell stimulation. We showed that the incubation of resting splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice solely in purified native or recombinant mouse IL-4 results in the generation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity directed against fresh, syngeneic sarcoma cells. The precursor activated by IL-4 expresses surface asialo-GM1. In addition, IL-4 is capable of amplifying the splenic LAK activity induced by recombinant IL-2. The generation, by IL-4, of killer cells with broad antitumor reactivity raises the possibility of using IL-4 alone or in combination with IL-2 in the immunotherapy of cancer in animal models.
Hybrid Microfabrication of Nanofiber-Based Sheets and Rods for Tissue Engineering Applications (2013)

Electrospun nanofibers have been developed into a variety of forms for tissue engineering scaffolds to regulate the cellular functions guided by nanotopographical cues. Here, we have successfully fabricated nanofiber-based scaffold complexes of rod and sheet type by combining the three microfabrication techniques of electrospinning, spin coating, and polymer melt deposition. It was demonstrated that this hybrid fabrication could produce uniaxially aligned nanofiber scaffolds supported by a thin film, allowing for a mechanically enforced substrate for cell culture as well as facile scaffold manipulation. The results of cell analysis indicated that nanofibers on spin-coated films could provide contact guidance effects on cells and retain them even after manipulation. As an application of the cell-laden nanofiber film, we built a rod-type structure by rolling up the film around a mechanically supporting core microfiber, which was incorporated by polymer melt deposition. A biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, polycaprolactone, was used throughout the processes and thus could be used as a directly implantable substitute in tissue regeneration.
Understanding Dissolution and Crystallization with Imaging: A Surface Point of View (2018)

The tendency for crystallization during storage and administration is the most considerable hurdle for poorly water-soluble drugs formulated in the amorphous form. There is a need to better detect often subtle and complex surface crystallization phenomena and understand their influence on the critical quality attribute of dissolution. In this study, the interplay between surface crystallization of the amorphous form during storage and dissolution testing, and its influence on dissolution behavior, is analyzed for the first time with multimodal nonlinear optical imaging (coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and sum frequency generation (SFG)). Complementary analyses are provided with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and infrared and Raman spectroscopies. Amorphous indomethacin tablets were prepared and subjected to two different storage conditions (30 °C/23% RH and 30 °C/75% RH) for various durations and then dissolution testing using a channel flow-through device. Trace levels of surface crystallinity previously imaged with nonlinear optics after 1 or 2 days of storage did not significantly decrease dissolution and supersaturation compared to the freshly prepared amorphous tablets while more extensive crystallization after longer storage times did. Multimodal nonlinear optical imaging of the tablet surfaces after 15 min of dissolution revealed complex crystallization behavior that was affected by both storage condition and time, with up to four crystalline polymorphs simultaneously observed. In addition to the well-known α- and γ-forms, the less reported metastable ε- and η-forms were also observed, with the ε-form being widely observed in samples that had retained significant surface amorphousness during storage. This form was also prepared in the pure form and further characterized. Overall, this study demonstrates the potential value of nonlinear optical imaging, together with more established solid-state analysis methods, to understand complex surface crystallization behavior and its influence on drug dissolution during the development of amorphous drugs and dosage forms.
Back-action-free measurement of a single nuclear spin (2018)

The precision of any measurement is ultimately limited by quantum mechanics,
due to the intrinsic back action of quantum measurements. This is particularly
relevant for nanoscale precision measurements where the sensor and the target
to be measured are both quantum objects in close contact. A potential solution
is to use weak measurements, where one tries to mitigate back action by
minimally entangling sensor and probe. While weak measurements have been
studied extensively in theory and demonstrated experimentally in
superconducting qubits and other systems, practical quantum sensing has not yet
reached the back action limit. Here, we achieve quantum sensing at the ultimate
precision limit set by the measurement strength and demonstrate back-action
free precision quantum measurement of a single nuclear spin. By carefully
timing the quantum measurement to the precession of the single nuclear spin we
reach a regime where the measurement back action is negligible, yielding
quantum evolution of the target nuclear spin unperturbed by the measurement
over a timescale of 100 ms and hence a frequency resolution of 3.4 Hz. Upon
increasing the measurement strength we observe a phase transition to a state
where the nuclear spin is coherently trapped during the measurement process. We
expect the findings to be of pivotal importance for single molecule NMR and
nuclear spin based quantum computing.
Recent accomplishments in EUV lithography patterning for multi-trigger resist (2022)

EUV lithography is becoming established in high volume manufacturing but there are still many challenges to be overcome within the ecosystem including next generation exposure tools and the materials used in the patterning stack. EUV photoresists with the appropriate capability to support future roadmap requirements such as high-NA remain a high priority area of research. EUV photons have significantly higher energy than in previous photolithographic techniques, and the resist is exposed by radiation chemistry routes rather than the well-known photochemistry from earlier nodes. In addition, resists must contend with much higher photon-shot noise, require high EUV absorbance to offset the need for very thin films, especially in High-NA EUV, where the depth of focus will be less than 20 nm, and ultimately the theoretical resolution limits of EUV will approach the size of typical photoresist molecules. We are developing a new type of photoresist based on the multi-trigger concept, which seeks to suppress line edge roughness using a new photoresist mechanism, and which is based on molecular rather than polymeric materials to maximize resolution. Here we present results showing improved lithography accomplishments due to the enhancement of the highopacity multi trigger resist system. We present a range of process conditions and formulation variations including substrate changes which impact roughness and defectivity. The lithographic performance at pitch 28 nm patterned on an ASML NXE3400 scanner is presented on a variety of substrates. Lines with a width of 12.5 nm can be patterned at 59 mJ/cm2 with a biased LWR of 3.9 nm using a resist spun on the Brewer Optistack AL412 underlayer (12 nm thickness). We also present results on SOG/SOC stacks and the optimization required of the substrate to improve LWR and decrease defectivity. We further present results where we have been targeting sub-30 mJ/cm2 patterning. Introducing an alternative PAG but maintaining constant formulation and process conditions has enabled the patterning of p28 lines lines/spaces, with 12 nm lines having been patterned at a dose of 17.5 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> and a film thickness of 14.5 nm. Work is continuing to reduce the LWR whilst maintaining a sub 30 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> dose. Multi-trigger resist has also been used to pattern pillars arranged in a hexagonal pattern. We show results at pitch 36 nm, again patterned on an ASML NXE3400, exposed at 66 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> to obtain a pillar diameter of 18 nm with a biased LCDU of 3.6 nm. We also show pitch 34 nm hexagonal pillars, patterned at 65 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup> to obtain a pillar diameter of 17 nm with a biased LCDU of 3.6 nm with a focus window of over 60 nm. A film thickness of 22 nm was used. Additionally, carefully controlling the rates of the various reactions in the MTR mechanism, we have shown that we can reduce the dose required for 19 nm diameter hexagonally arranged pillars at p34 to 28 mJ/cm2 with a biased LCDU of 4.3 nm using a 17 nm resist film thickness.
Towards Reducing Last-Level-Cache Interference of Co-Located Virtual Network Functions (2019)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) aims to virtualize compute resources for packet processing in order to gain flexibility and reduce costs. In order to increase the resource utilization, multiple VNFs are co-located on one single server. Current virtualization techniques do not fully isolate all resources, thus co-location of VNFs causes interference effects. It has been shown that these interference effects can degrade the performance of Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs) in terms of throughput and delay severely. In this work we aim to gather the potential that lies in reduction of the interference due to the shared Last Level Cache (LLC). CPU caches are used to improve the access times to memory that is needed regularly for the execution of a program. Intel Cache Allocation Technology (CAT) provides the means to allocate the cache and isolate VNFs from each other. The results show that the scheduler can decrease the CPU utilization by up to 20%. We can show which factors influence the gain of LLC scheduling in NFV deployments. In order to show this we propose a scheduler which optimally allocates the LLC in order to reduce the maximum CPU utilization of all cores.
Analysis and design of TRAP and LCL filters for active switching converters (2010)

This paper presents two main filters widely used in industry for three phase active converters. The filters are the Trap and the LCL. These filters are primarily used to reduce switching frequency ripple and to meet IEEE 519 THD requirements. The main goal of this paper is to develop the algorithms which give optimized values of the Inductors and Capacitors of Trap and LCL filters. The algorithm also includes the effect of source inductance. Using the algorithm we will design the Trap and LCL filters for a 125kW active converter. Simulation and experimental results reveal the performance of the Trap and LCL filter. This paper also compares the Trap and LCL filter results.
Thermal Analysis for GaN Laser Diodes (1999)

Improvement in temperature characteristics of GaN laser diodes is important for realizing reliable devices operating at high temperatures. Thermal characteristics of GaN lasers have been analyzed by using a three-dimensional thermal conduction model. Maximum operation temperature has also been calculated. It was shown that the reduction in the stripe width as well as the reduction in threshold current density and operation voltage is very important for improving the temperature characteristics of GaN laser diodes.
Purification of human procollagen type III N-proteinase from placenta and preparation of antiserum (1986)

Procollagen type III N-proteinase, of Mr about 70,000, was detected in human placental tissue and purified from this source more than 5800-fold. It was found to be a glycoprotein, which was bound to both concanavalin A-Ultrogel and heparin-Sepharose affinity columns. Binding to a type III pN-collagen-Sepharose affinity column was used as the final step in purification. The purified enzyme accepted only native type III procollagen or [14C]carboxymethylated type III pN-collagen as its substrate; type I, type II and type IV procollagen and heat-denatured type III pN-collagen were not cleaved by the enzyme. Antibodies against this purified enzyme protein raised in rabbits demonstrated a high inhibitory effect on the enzyme activity. Immunoblotting of the denatured protein and immunoelectrophoresis of the native enzyme showed only one major antigenic component, again with an Mr of about 70,000. The antibodies cross-reacted with the enzyme preparation from foetal-calf aorta smooth-muscle cells.
Supplementary Figure Legend from <i>BRAF/NRAS</i> Wild-Type Melanomas Have a High Mutation Load Correlating with Histologic and Molecular Signatures of UV Damage (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legend - PDF file 57K, Supplementary figure legend.&lt;/p&gt;
Antibodies: an alternative for antibiotics? (2005)

In 1967, the success of vaccination programs, combined with the seemingly unstoppable triumph of antibiotics, prompted the US Surgeon General to declare that "it was time to close the books on infectious diseases." We now know that the prediction was overly optimistic and that the fight against infectious diseases is here to stay. During the last 20 yr, infectious diseases have indeed made a staggering comeback for a variety of reasons, including resistance against existing antibiotics. As a consequence, several alternatives to antibiotics are currently being considered or reconsidered. Passive immunization (i.e., the administration of more or less pathogen-specific antibodies to the patient) prior to or after exposure to the disease-causing agent is one of those alternative strategies that was almost entirely abandoned with the introduction of chemical antibiotics but that is now gaining interest again. This review will discuss the early successes and limitations of passive immunization, formerly referred to as "serum therapy," the current use of antibody administration for prophylaxis or treatment of infectious diseases in agriculture, and, finally, recent developments in the field of antibody engineering and "molecular farming" of antibodies in various expression systems. Especially the potential of producing therapeutic antibodies in crops that are routine dietary components of farm animals, such as corn and soy beans, seems to hold promise for future application in the fight against infectious diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Quadricyclane with Electron Deficient p‐Benzoquinones. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prognostic Factors for Gefitinib-Treated Postoperative Recurrence in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (2007)

EGFR mutation status and disease-free interval were associated with prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival after gefitinib treatment for postoperative recurrence of NSCLC. Quantitative analysis of mutated EGFR transcripts provided additional information for the stratification of patients with mutated EGFR.
Depletion of CD8 Memory T Cells for Induction of Tolerance of a Previously Transplanted Kidney Allograft (2007)

Heterologous immunologic memory has been considered a potent barrier to tolerance induction in primates. Induction of such tolerance for a previously transplanted organ may be more difficult, because specific memory cells can be induced and activated by a transplanted organ. In the current study, we attempted to induce tolerance to a previously transplanted kidney allograft in nonhuman primates. The conditioning regimen consisted of low dose total body irradiation, thymic irradiation, antithymocyte globulin, and anti-CD154 antibody followed by a brief course of a calcineurin inhibitor. This regimen had been shown to induce mixed chimerism and allograft tolerance when kidney transplantation (KTx) and donor bone marrow transplantation (DBMT) were simultaneously performed. However, the same regimen failed to induce mixed chimerism when delayed DBMT was performed after KTx. We found that significant levels of memory T cells remained after conditioning, despite effective depletion of naïve T cells. By adding humanized anti-CD8 monoclonal antibody (cM-T807), CD8 memory T cells were effectively depleted and these recipients successfully achieved mixed chimerism and tolerance. The current studies provide 'proof of principle' that the mixed chimerism approach can induce renal allograft tolerance, even late after organ transplantation if memory T-cell function is adequately controlled.