gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of an automated stride assistance system on walking parameters and muscular glucose metabolism in elderly adults (2008)

The SAS increases walking scores in elderly people without increasing energy consumption of lower-extremity muscles. The elderly subjects with low walking speed showed higher glucose metabolism in hip-related muscles and triceps surae. Thus, this association suggested that decreased walking speed in elderly adults has a higher metabolic cost in these muscle regions.
New generation of SAW devices on advanced engineered substrates combining piezoelectric single crystals and Silicon (2019)

This paper describes a new generation of composite substrates dedicated to advanced surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. For very long years, SAW applications (filtering, resonators, sensing) have been developed on single crystal materials. A competition was still existing with layered substrates using poly-crystals which were never able to overcome standard solutions. The Piezoelectric-On-Insulator (POI) structure which combines highly coupled single crystals with Silicon offers today unique properties to revitalize SAW industry and to give it a major push towards the modern telecommunication competition. This paper resumes the main steps that yields the technique to this edge and puts in perspective the potential of this breakthrough technology.
Transfer of Cornus florida and C. kousa Simple Sequence Repeats to Selected Cornus (Cornaceae) Species (2010)

Cross-species transferability of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) is common and allows SSRs isolated from one species to be applied to closely related species, increasing the use of previously isolated SSRs. The genus Cornus consists of 58 species that are ecologically and economically important. SSRs have previously been isolated from C. florida and C. kousa . In this study, 36 SSRs were tested on taxa from 18 Cornus species and hybrids for cross-species transferability and genetic diversity was calculated for each locus using polymorphism information content (PIC). Cross-species transferability of SSR loci was higher in more closely related species and PIC values were high. Evidence was found for conserved primer sites as determined by the amplification of SSR loci in the taxa examined. Polymerase chain reaction products were cloned and sequenced for three SSR loci (CF48, CF59, and CF124) and all individuals sequenced contained the appropriate repeat. Phylogenetic relationships of 14 Cornus species were inferred using nucleotide sequences of SSR locus CF48. The most parsimonious tree resulting from this analysis was in concordance with phylogenies based on matK and internal transcribed spacer sequences. The SSR loci tested in this study will be useful in future breeding, population, and genetic studies within Cornus .
Evaluation for oral use of Ursodeoxycholyl Lysophosphatidylethanolamide (UDCA-LPE): Effective resorption of sodium salt UDCA-LPE (2013)

Introduction: UDCA-LPE when administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) is cytoprotective in inhibiting liver injury and inflammation in fulminant LPS-induced hepatitis and ameliorating steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis in mouse models of non-alcoholic steatosis hepatitis (NASH). We previously showed that i.p. injected UDCA-LPE was hydrolyzed back to UDCA and LPE. It is questionable whether UDCA-LPE could be an orally active drug. Methods: C57/BL6 mice were fed with high fat diet (HFD, 35% w/w) for 6 months or fed with HFD for 3 months and oral gavaged with 30mg/kg UDCA-LPE twice a week for further 3 months on HFD. Assays for liver injury and staining with Sirius red and α-smooth muscle (α-SMA) antibody were performed. UDCA-LPE and UDCA levels were analyzed by liquid-chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) in livers and serum of mice given by i.p., oral gavage and injected directly into the lieum (by by-passing the stomach). Results: UDCA-LPE oral administration in mice on HFD did not lower the levels of serum AST/ALT/LDH, triglycerides, phospholipids, cholesterol, caspase 3/7 activity, and insulin. Liver weights and fatty ballooning were also not modified by UDCA-LPE treatment. However, the extent of fibrosis by Sirius red and α-SMA staining was decreased. LC/MS analyses of livers of these chronically treated mice showed an absence of UDCA-LPE, and a weak increase of UDCA levels. UDCA-LPE was detectable in the liver after a single treatment by i.p., but not by oral gavage or by-pass to the ileum. UDCA-LPE and UDCA were detected in the ileum after an oral gavage, and only UDCA (but not UDCA-LPE) was found in the liver. To avoid UDCA-LPE precipitation in the ileum lumen, we tested whether sodium salt UDCA-LPE (sod.UDCA-LPE) could be absorbed by by-pass to the ileum. In this way, UDCA-LPE was successfully detected in the liver with an optimum dose of 100mg/kg. Pharmacokinetics after 50mg/kg UDCA-LPE given by by-pass to the ileum showed UDCA-LPE concentrations in the liver at a maximum ˜400ng/g after 1.5h, stabilizing at ˜300ng/g between 2–8h, and slowly decaying to 50ng/g after 14h. Serum UDCA-LPE concentration at 1.5h was ˜10 ug/ml which was comparable to those reported for an oral intake of 500mg Urso® Falk in humans. Conclusions: UDCA-LPE when given orally was readily hydrolyzed to UDCA which was absorbed by enterocytes and subsequently transported to liver. This hepatic UDCA after oral UDCA-LPE could elicit the observed anti-fibrosis effects. By by-passing the stomach, sod.UDCA-LPE was absorbed relatively fast suggesting that it may be absorbed through intestinal and hepatic bile-acid transporters. By this way, pharmacological relevant UDCA-LPE concentrations could be achieved. Formulations of sod.UDCA-LPE are being developed to optimize oral use of UDCA-LPE aiming to inhibit liver injury in acute and chronic models including NASH.
Influence of Microstructure Change on Stress Generation and Relaxation in Coating under High Temperature (2020)

To prevent the coating damages of the cutting tools such as abrasion and chipping during machining, the influence of microstructure change on stress generation and relaxation in the coatings during machining should be clarified. However, it was generally difficult to obtain the relationship between stress and microstructure change during machining, because the typical evaluation procedures are known to destruct the cutting tools in order to conduct the microstructure observations. Therefore, the combination of non-destructive evaluation techniques by using X-ray diffraction is proposed. Those are phase identification, crystal orientation analysis, phase fraction measurement, dislocation density measurement and residual stress measurement in the target area from RT to high temperatures. In the case of a cutting tools made of a cemented carbide (K10 of JIS) with TiN coating, the following conclusions were made: the micro strain which has liner relation to dislocation density squared was decreased in TiN coating due to heating over a coating temperature of 500 ℃, and that was about half value compared with the original at a temperature of 750 ℃. The stress change in TiN coating under high temperatures was composed of three kind of factor which are the difference of thermal expansion on TiN coating and cemented carbide, the volumetric shrinkage of TiN coating by recovery of the micro strain and the tensile creep strain in cemented carbide. In order to preserve the compressive stresses in TiN coating under high temperatures, the coating process must be carried out at higher process temperatures and in low bias voltages. In addition, cemented carbides should be selected in that of the coarse WC and Co grain size, the low Co compositions and the large amount of precipitates, on account of keeping the low creep rate.
Schisandrae semen essential oil attenuates oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells through Nrf2-mediated upregulation of HO-1 (2014)

The aim of the present study was to examine the cytoprotective effects of Schisandrae semen essential oil (SSeo), purified from Schisandrae fructus, against oxidative stress-induced cell damage in C2C12 myoblasts. SSeo attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were induced by H2O2. SSeo also inhibited comet tail formation, chromatin condensation and phosphor-histone γH2A.X expression, suggesting that it prevents H2O2-induced cellular DNA damage and apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, SSeo significantly enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO‑1) associated with the induction of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in a time- and concentration‑dependent manner. In addition, the protective effect of SSeo on H2O2‑induced C2C12 cell damage was significantly inhibited by zinc protoporphyrin IX, an HO‑1 competitive inhibitor, in C2C12 cells. These findings suggest that SSeo augments the cellular antioxidant defense capacity through intrinsic free radical scavenging activity and activation of the Nrf2/HO‑1 pathway, thereby protecting the C2C12 cells from H2O2‑induced oxidative cytotoxicity. As a result, SSeo may have therapeutic potential in the development of functional foods and as the raw material for medicines to protect against oxidative stress.
Photonic Crystal Geometry for Organic Solar Cells (2009)

We report organic solar cells with a photonic crystal nanostructure embossed in the photoactive bulk heterojunction layer, a topography that exhibits a 3-fold enhancement of the absorption in specific regions of the solar spectrum in part through multiple excitation resonances. The photonic crystal geometry is fabricated using a materials-agnostic process called PRINT wherein highly ordered arrays of nanoscale features are readily made in a single processing step over wide areas (approximately 4 cm(2)) that is scalable. We show efficiency improvements of approximately 70% that result not only from greater absorption, but also from electrical enhancements. The methodology is generally applicable to organic solar cells and the experimental findings reported in our manuscript corroborate theoretical expectations.
Significance of the nonopacified gallbladder in endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (1979)

Failure to visualize the cystic duct and gallbladder during endoscopic retrograde cholangiography, while obtaining satisfactory opacification of the rest of the biliary system, is a radiographic sign of undetermined meaning. The diagnostic implication of this finding was analyzed in 63 patients with pathologically proven diagnoses. One patient was normal at surgery. Three groups of abnormal patients had: (1) obstructing lesions of the distal common bile duct (35 patients); (2) primary lesions of the cystic duct or gallbladder (19 patients); or (3) obstructing lesions about the common hepatic/cystic duct junction (8 patients). The results indicate that obstructing lesions of the distal common bile duct may cause stasis of bile within the biliary system, increased biliary pressure, and sludge formation that prevent the flow of contrast material through the cystic duct and into the gallbladder, which can cause nonopacification. If the extrahepatic biliary system is of normal caliber without evidence of an obstructing process, nonfilling of the cystic duct and gallbladder is highly predictive of pathology.
Electronic Mosquito: A semi-invasive glucose analysis device (2011)

Diabetes currently affects 346 million people worldwide, and the numbers are continuously climbing [1]. Frequent self-monitoring of their glucose levels have been proven to reduce the risk of long-term complications and cost [2], but current methods suffer from low compliance, inaccuracy, or short periods of usability [3]. The electronic mosquito is an innovative design that is painless, minimally invasive, and it can automatically monitor blood glucose levels. The aim is to have a disposable 3cm x 3cm patch that can sample and analyze blood on a regular basis; it will be composed of hundreds of single-use microneedles. The patient merely has to replace the patch when needed; the replacement frequency has yet to be determined. It will have the ability to communicate wirelessly with an external processor, artificial pancreas, insulin injector, etc. The glucose sensor will consist of a micropotentiostat and an analog digital converter. A potentiostat consists of three electrodes: working, reference and counter (or auxiliary); it measures the current created by a chemical reaction at a working electrode. In this case, the current is caused by a reaction between glucose oxidase (GOx) and glucose. By maintaining the voltage between a reference electrode and the working electrode, the current flowing from the working electrode is directly proportional to the ‘resistance’ or the glucose concentration. The glucose concentration can be calculated using Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Currently a prototype of the e-Mosquito is being developed; it contains the needle and its actuator, and a wireless transceiver. Work on the glucose sensor is in progress. This device has the potential to significantly impact a diabetic’s quality of life, initially removing the need to manually test their own blood, to having an artificial pancreas that can automatically inject insulin when needed.
LDPC Code Design for Half-Duplex Decode-and-Forward Relaying (2005)

We propose LDPC code designs for the half-duplex relay channel.Our designs mimic the information theoretic random coding scheme for decode-and-forward relaying.An important advantage of our scheme is that it is built entirely of single-user codes that can be decoded by belief propagation.The optimization of relay LDPC code profiles presents unique challenges, which are met by using the density evolution algorithm with additional constraints for relaying.To speed up our optimization, we use a Gaussian approximation of density evolution that converts the infinite dimensional code profile optimization into a simple linear programming problem.The thresholds of the discovered relay code profiles are within 0.4 dB of the achievable lower bound for decode-and-forward relaying.
Sub Pixel Detection of Polarimetric Signatures of Man-Made Targets (2006)

The purpose of this study is to explore subpixel detection of backscattered polarimeric signatures from targets in a variety of experimental scenarios utilizing high-sensitivity polarimetric detection techniques. An autobalanced polarimetric detection technique was applied and the polarimetric signatures have been processed, by means of Mueller Matrix algorithms, the Stokes parameters were deduced, and the degree of linear polarization (DOLP) was estimated. The experimental results of this study indicate that the DOLP signal produces significant enhancement and target discrimination over backscattered light intensity signals.
AI/ML Algorithms and Applications in VLSI Design and Technology (2022)

An evident challenge ahead for the integrated circuit (IC) industry in the nanometer regime is the investigation and development of methods that can reduce the design complexity ensuing from growing process variations and curtail the turnaround time of chip manufacturing. Conventional methodologies employed for such tasks are largely manual; thus, time-consuming and resource-intensive. In contrast, the unique learning strategies of artificial intelligence (AI) provide numerous exciting automated approaches for handling complex and data-intensive tasks in very-large-scale integration (VLSI) design and testing. Employing AI and machine learning (ML) algorithms in VLSI design and manufacturing reduces the time and effort for understanding and processing the data within and across different abstraction levels via automated learning algorithms. It, in turn, improves the IC yield and reduces the manufacturing turnaround time. This paper thoroughly reviews the AI/ML automated approaches introduced in the past towards VLSI design and manufacturing. Moreover, we discuss the scope of AI/ML applications in the future at various abstraction levels to revolutionize the field of VLSI design, aiming for high-speed, highly intelligent, and efficient implementations.
The Natural Product Cyclomarin Kills Mycobacterium Tuberculosis by Targeting the ClpC1 Subunit of the Caseinolytic Protease (2011)

Target practice: The target of the antibiotic cyclomarin A was identified in Mycobacterium. Cyclomarin A (see structure) binds the regulatory subunit of the Clp protease complex with high affinity resulting in elevated proteolysis and cell death. The property of cyclomarin to kill both growing and nonreplicating mycobacteria makes the Clp protease a promising target for antitubercular drug discovery. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Duck Interferon-Inducible Transmembrane Protein 3 Mediates Restriction of Influenza Viruses (2015)

Immune IFITM genes are poorly conserved across species, suggesting that selective pressure from host-specific viruses has driven this divergence. We wondered whether coevolution between viruses and their natural host would result in the evasion of IFITM restriction. Ducks are the natural host of avian influenza A viruses and display few or no disease symptoms upon infection with most strains, including highly pathogenic avian influenza. We have characterized the duck IFITM locus and identified IFITM3 as an important restrictor of several influenza A viruses, including avian strains. With only 38% amino acid identity to human IFITM3, duck IFITM3 possesses antiviral function against influenza virus. Thus, despite long coevolution of virus and host effectors in the natural host, influenza virus evasion of IFITM3 restriction in ducks is not apparent.
BLADDER GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT AFTER COMPLETE PRIMARY REPAIR OF BLADDER EXSTROPHY IN THE NEWBORN WITH COMPARISON TO STAGED APPROACH (2005)

Within the CPRE group bladder stability was universal, and sphincter electromyography was normal suggesting no neuromuscular compromise of the pelvic floor. At early followup, our results suggest that PPBC is equivalent irrespective of gender or management. Further objective evaluation is needed in both groups.
Nonlinear compression for generation of high energy ultrashort pulses using an Yb-doped large mode area tapered fiber (2018)

Nonlinear compression for generation of high energy ultrashort pulses using an Yb-doped large mode area tapered fiber is reported. Single-stage amplifier gain larger than 43 dB is achieved, with energy of seed pulses (35 ps, 200 kHz) boosted up to 50 &mu;J at the amplifier output. Spectral broadening induced by self-phase modulation is shown to take place advantageously along the larger end of the counter-pumped active tapered fiber, where the mode area scales beyond 1000 &mu;m<sup>2</sup>. Pulse durations as short as 1 ps and peak powers exceeding 16 MW are demonstrated thereafter using a chirped volume Bragg grating as a dispersive compressor. Efficient suppression of higher-order modes in the large mode area tapered fiber yields diffraction-limited output (M<sup>2</sup> &lt; 1.2) for optimal pulse compression.
High-count Multi-Core Fibers for Space-Division Multiplexing with Propagation-Direction Interleaving (2015)

By introducing a square lattice structure for bidirectional core assignments in multi-core fibers, the effectiveness of propagation-direction interleaving for crosstalk reduction can be increased, realizing a 24-core fiber with −30.6 dB crosstalk over 100 km.
A field-emission monochromatic micro-x-ray source (2011)

Phase-contrast x-ray imaging as a developing technology requires unprecedented performance from an electron-gun tube-type source. Such a source is designed to provide the requirements of 20 mA through a 25 µm spot.
Dendritic Silica Nanomaterials (KCC-1) with Fibrous Pore Structure Possess High DNA Adsorption Capacity and Effectively Deliver Genes In Vitro (2014)

The pore size and pore structure of nanoporous materials can affect the materials' physical properties, as well as potential applications in different areas, including catalysis, drug delivery, and biomolecular therapeutics. KCC-1, one of the newest members of silica nanomaterials, possesses fibrous, large pore, dendritic pore networks with wide pore entrances, large pore size distribution, spacious pore volume and large surface area--structural features that are conducive for adsorption and release of large guest molecules and biomacromolecules (e.g., proteins and DNAs). Here, we report the results of our comparative studies of adsorption of salmon DNA in a series of KCC-1-based nanomaterials that are functionalized with different organoamine groups on different parts of their surfaces (channel walls, external surfaces or both). For comparison the results of our studies of adsorption of salmon DNA in similarly functionalized, MCM-41 mesoporous silica nanomaterials with cylindrical pores, some of the most studied silica nanomaterials for drug/gene delivery, are also included. Our results indicate that, despite their relatively lower specific surface area, the KCC-1-based nanomaterials show high adsorption capacity for DNA than the corresponding MCM-41-based nanomaterials, most likely because of KCC-1's large pores, wide pore mouths, fibrous pore network, and thereby more accessible and amenable structure for DNA molecules to diffuse through. Conversely, the MCM-41-based nanomaterials adsorb much less DNA, presumably because their outer surfaces/cylindrical channel pore entrances can get blocked by the DNA molecules, making the inner parts of the materials inaccessible. Moreover, experiments involving fluorescent dye-tagged DNAs suggest that the amine-grafted KCC-1 materials are better suited for delivering the DNAs adsorbed on their surfaces into cellular environments than their MCM-41 counterparts. Finally, cellular toxicity tests show that the KCC-1-based materials are biocompatible. On the basis of these results, the fibrous and porous KCC-1-based nanomaterials can be said to be more suitable to carry, transport, and deliver DNAs and genes than cylindrical porous nanomaterials such as MCM-41.
All-solid-state diode-pumped modelocked Cr:LiSAF laser (1993)

A diode-pumped Cr: LiSAF laser has been modelocked for the first time using a multiquantum well absorber in an external cavity to yield CW trains of picosecond pulses.