gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protonation‐Induced Formation of a Stable Singlet Biradicaloid Derived from a Modified Sapphyrin Analogue (2010)

Acid does the trick: A novel 1,10-phenanthroline-embedded sapphyrin analogue 1 (see scheme; R=COOEt, Ar=p-tolyl) bearing meso alkylidenyl double bonds has been synthesized. Interestingly, the protonated form of 1 ([1⋅3 H]3+) exhibits singlet biradicaloid character. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Registration of MRI to intraoperative radiographs for target localization in spinal interventions (2017)

Decision support to assist in target vertebra localization could provide a useful aid to safe and effective spine surgery. Previous solutions have shown 3D-2D registration of preoperative CT to intraoperative radiographs to reliably annotate vertebral labels for assistance during level localization. We present an algorithm (referred to as MR-LevelCheck) to perform 3D-2D registration based on a preoperative MRI to accommodate the increasingly common clinical scenario in which MRI is used instead of CT for preoperative planning. Straightforward adaptation of gradient/intensity-based methods appropriate to CT-to-radiograph registration is confounded by large mismatch and noncorrespondence in image intensity between MRI and radiographs. The proposed method overcomes such challenges with a simple vertebrae segmentation step using vertebra centroids as seed points (automatically defined within existing workflow). Forwards projections are computed using segmented MRI and registered to radiographs via gradient orientation (GO) similarity and the CMA-ES (covariance-matrix-adaptation evolutionary-strategy) optimizer. The method was tested in an IRB-approved study involving 10 patients undergoing cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine surgery following preoperative MRI. The method successfully registered each preoperative MRI to intraoperative radiographs and maintained desirable properties of robustness against image content mismatch and large capture range. Robust registration performance was achieved with projection distance error (PDE) (median ± IQR) = 4.3 ± 2.6 mm (median ± IQR) and 0% failure rate. Segmentation accuracy for the continuous max-flow method yielded dice coefficient = 88.1 ± 5.2, accuracy = 90.6 ± 5.7, RMSE = 1.8 ± 0.6 mm, and contour affinity ratio (CAR) = 0.82 ± 0.08. Registration performance was found to be robust for segmentation methods exhibiting RMSE <3 mm and CAR >0.50. The MR-LevelCheck method provides a potentially valuable extension to a previously developed decision support tool for spine surgery target localization by extending its utility to preoperative MRI while maintaining characteristics of accuracy and robustness.
Techno-economics of Bituminous Coal Atmospheric Air and Oxy-combustion Plants with Circulating Fluidized Bed Technology (Final Report) (2017)

This study expands the comparison of atmospheric advanced oxy-combustion base case and reference technology pressurized oxy-combustion base case by developing a supercritical (SC) atmospheric oxy-fired CFB base case along with a SC air-fired CFB case to serve as a reference.
Designing Solute-Tailored Selectivity in Membranes: Perspectives for Water Reuse and Resource Recovery (2020)

Treatment of nontraditional source waters (e.g., produced water, municipal and industrial wastewaters, agricultural runoff) offers exciting opportunities to expand water and energy resources via water reuse and resource recovery. While conventional polymer membranes perform water/ion separations well, they do not provide solute-specific separation, a key component for these treatment opportunities. Herein, we discuss the selectivity limitations plaguing all conventional membranes, which include poor removal of small, neutral solutes and insufficient discrimination between ions of the same valence. Moreover, we present synthetic approaches for solute-tailored selectivity including the incorporation of single-digit nanopores and solute-selective ligands into membranes. Recent progress in these areas highlights the need for fundamental studies to rationally design membranes with selective moieties achieving desired separations.
Preliminary Investigation on the Electrochemical Activity of Butanol Isomers as Potential Fuel for Direct Alcohol Fuel Cell (2015)

A preliminary investigation of electrocatalytic oxidation activity of butanol isomers has been carried out to study their potential as fuels for direct alcohol fuel cells. The electrochemical study was carried out on Pt and Pd electrodes using a three electrode cell set up in alkaline media. The primary alcohol isomers of butanol were observed to behave similarly in their electrochemical reactions whereas 2-butanol showed completely different oxidation features on both catalysts. For example, no poisoning effects were observed for 2- butanol unlike for the primary butanol isomers. In contrast, tert -butanol did not show any oxidation reaction on Pt and Pd electrodes. Furthermore, Pd was not active at all in acidic media for butanol oxidation. The reactivity of butanol isomers were found to be in the order n -butanol&gt; iso -butanol&gt;2-butanol&gt; tert -butanol based on the oxidation current density values
Figure S5 from Inhibiting ERK5 Overcomes Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-HER2 Therapy By Targeting the G<sub>1</sub>–S Cell-Cycle Transition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;BT474, SK-BR-3, BT474-LR and MDA-MB-453 cell lines display distinct sensitivity to the apoptotic effect of 500 nM lapatinib.&lt;/p&gt;
P4–071: Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of beta–amyloid peptide interactions with the ganglioside GM1 (2006)

The beta–amyloid peptide forms small soluble oligomers which can induce synapse dysfunction and neural cell death (1, 2). These small oligomers form in vitro at micromolar concentrations but at nanomolar concentrations in vivo. This strongly suggests the existence of factor(s) that promotes beta–amyloid aggregation in vivo. Beta–amyloid peptides associate with gangliosides in Alzheimer's brains (3) and form specific complexes with gangliosides in vitro (4). Ganglioside binding promotes beta–amyloid oligomerization (5) and beta–amyloid variants associated with familial Alzheimer's disease show exquisitely selective binding to specific gangliosides (6). These data suggest that gangliosides promote beta–amyloid oligomerization in vivo, nevertheless to date the structural details of this process remain incomplete. To determine the molecular structure of the beta–amyloid + ganglioside complex by using high field nuclear magnetic resonance. The 1H NMR spectra of beta–amyloid(1–40), ganglioside GM1 pentasaccharide and ganglioside GM1 in small dodecylphosphocholine micelles, alone or in combination, were recorded in a Bruker spectrometer at 800 MHz at 5 °C at neutral pH and assigned. No conclusive evidence from NOEs or saturation transfer experiments for binding between beta–amyloid and the ganglioside GM1 pentasaccharide was observed, which suggests that their union is significantly weaker than that reported for the Tyr10Trp variant of beta–amyloid (5). In contrast, most of the beta–amyloid NMR signals disappear upon mixing the peptide with an excess of ganglioside GM1 in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. The inability of the ganglioside pentasaccharide to bind to beta–amyloid indicates that additional ganglioside moieties are required. The disappearance of the beta–amyloid NMR signals suggests that ganglioside GM1 in dodecylphosphocholine micelles rapidly binds and stimulates the formation of large beta–amyloid aggregates. Experiments are underway to identify near–physiological conditions where beta–amyloid + ganglioside association occurs without further beta–amyloid aggregation.
The Architecture of Pan I. Revision (1987)

Abstract : Pan is a prototype and testbed for language-based editors and viewers. Its design addresses the needs of experienced users who manage complex objects such as large software systems. All of Pan's components are multi- lingual, incremental, description-driven, customizable, and extensible. Viewing is facilitated by semantics-based browsing and an object model which integrates text and structure. Pan is intended to share information with other tools, allowing integration into larger language, program, and document development environment. This document describes the internal design of Pan I the current implementation of Pan. It begins by reviewing goals that motivated the project and Pan's particular approach to those goals. The body of the document describes the implementation from five successive points of view: implementation layers, functional components, basic objects, services provided to the user, and the thread of control in the running system. Keywords: Front end processors.
Supplementary Table 2 from <i>ETV6</i> Deficiency Unlocks ERG-Dependent Microsatellite Enhancers to Drive Aberrant Gene Activation in B-Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2 details known and de novo motif analysis for distal acetylation clusters&lt;/p&gt;
Bimodal regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses by TIM-4 (2008)

T cell Ig and mucin domain (TIM)-4 is preferentially expressed on antigen-presenting cells, and its counter-ligand, TIM-1, is thought to deliver co-stimulating signals to T cells. However, the physiological functions of TIM-4 remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that TIM-4 inhibits naive T cell activation through a ligand other than TIM-1. The inhibitory effect of TIM-4 was specific to naive T cells which do not express TIM-1, and the effect disappeared in pre-activated T cells. Conversely, antibody-mediated blockade of TIM-4 in vivo substantially suppressed T cell-mediated inflammatory responses despite enhanced generation of antigen-specific T cells. Furthermore, treatment with anti-TIM-4 reduced the inflammatory responses developed in mice that were adoptively transferred with antigen-primed T cells. These results suggest that TIM-4 exerts bimodal functions depending on the activation status of T cells.
In situ structural and compositional analysis using RHEED electrons induced x-rays (2009)

The use of x-ray fluorescence (XRF) for in-situ chemical analysis of a sample surface using an electron gun for reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED) analysis has been studied by many groups and the technique is usually referred to as RHEED-total-refection-angle x-ray spectroscopy (RHEED-TRAXS), as the angle for x-ray detection was set close to the angle of total internal reflection.;In the current work, RHEED-TRAXS was developed as a thin film structural characterization technique based on the principles similar to the analysis of a multilayered structure by angular-dependent total-reflection x-rays. Initial experiments utilizing the technique for relative compositional analysis have also been discussed.;Utilizing RHEED-TRAXS as a structural and compositional analysis technique has numerous benefits. In-situ determination of thickness and roughness of film(s) yields information that could be destroyed due to atmospheric exposure and compositional analysis can be used to study and control the growth parameters.;Since a RHEED electron beam gun is a common feature on MBE systems, the addition of a relatively inexpensive x-ray detector on a translation stage adds the capability of exhaustive in-situ analysis where growth parameters can be studied and controlled to a greater degree.
System and Component Failure from Electrical Overstress and Electrostatic Discharge (2018)

Electrical overstress (EOS) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) have been an issue in devices, circuit and systems for electronics for many decades, as early as the 1970s, and continued to be an issue to today. In this chapter, the issue of EOS and ESD will be discussed. The sources of both EOS and ESD failure history will be discussed. EOS and ESD physical models, failure mechanisms, testing methods and solutions will be shown. The chapter will close with discussion on how to provide both EOS and ESD robust devices, circuits, and systems, design practices, and procedures, as well as EOS and ESD factory control programs. EOS sources also occur from design characteristics of devices, circuits, and systems.
E/P-selectin-deficient mice: an optimal mutation for abrogating antigen but not tumor necrosis factor-α-induced immune responses (2000)

Leukocyte recruitment in cremaster microcirculation was visualized by intravital microscopy, either in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged animals, or in response to TNF-alpha. In antigen-challenged mice a significant increase in leukocyte rolling (approximately 50 to 200-300 cells/min) and adhesion (2 to 15-20 cells/100 microm), and a very dramatic increase in emigration ( approximately 1 to >40 cells/field) was observed over 24 h. Although rolling and adhesion was dramatically blunted in P-selectin- or P selectin/ICAM-1-deficient mice, emigrated cell number was similar to that observed in wild-type mice. Leukocyte rolling, adhesion and emigration was almost entirely abrogated over 24 h in E/P-selectin-deficient mice, demonstrating that antigen-induced leukocyte recruitment can be entirely disrupted in the absence of both endothelial selectins. However, E/P-selectin-deficient mice were able to recruit leukocytes at 24 h after TNF-alpha challenge. Rolling 24 h post-TNF-alpha in E/P-selectin-deficient mice was not inhibitable with anti-L-selectin antibody, suggesting an entirely selectin-independent pathway of rolling. We identified this pathway to be alpha (4)-integrin dependent and demonstrated that VCAM-1 expression was increased only in mice challenged with TNF-alpha. These data demonstrate that, in vivo, sufficient amounts of TNF-alpha can recruit leukocytes independently of selectins, whereas inhibition of endothelial selectins is the optimal intervention in reducing the immune response to antigen.
Performance of Linear Receivers in Frequency-Selective MIMO Channels (2013)

This paper investigates the performance of the zero-forcing (ZF) and minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalizers in MIMO frequency selective channels under zero-padding (ZP) transmission. It was previously known that the SISO zero-forcing ZP receiver achieves full diversity; this paper shows that the MIMO version of this receiver is suboptimal in diversity. The MMSE ZP is also investigated, showing that it exhibits an intricate error behavior that depends not only on channel memory and antenna configuration, but also on transmission rate. This behavior is fully characterized in closed form, revealing that the MMSE ZP receiver attains the (optimal) diversity of a ML receiver but only at small spectral efficiencies. Thus MMSE ZP works better than ZF ZP, but not quite as well as ML. To further improve the performance, lattice-reduction aided equalization in the frequency-selective channel is investigated. It is shown that lattice-reduction-aided zero forcing equalizer as well as MMSE equalizer achieve the maximum spatial and temporal diversity at all spectral efficiencies.
Self-assembled fibre optoelectronics with discrete translational symmetry (2016)

Fibres with electronic and photonic properties are essential building blocks for functional fabrics with system level attributes. The scalability of thermal fibre drawing approach offers access to large device quantities, while constraining the devices to be translational symmetric. Lifting this symmetry to create discrete devices in fibres will increase their utility. Here, we draw, from a macroscopic preform, fibres that have three parallel internal non-contacting continuous domains; a semiconducting glass between two conductors. We then heat the fibre and generate a capillary fluid instability, resulting in the selective transformation of the cylindrical semiconducting domain into discrete spheres while keeping the conductive domains unchanged. The cylindrical-to-spherical expansion bridges the continuous conducting domains to create ∼10<sup>4</sup> self-assembled, electrically contacted and entirely packaged discrete spherical devices per metre of fibre. The photodetection and Mie resonance dependent response are measured by illuminating the fibre while connecting its ends to an electrical readout.
Honoring Ole Maaløe (2006)

The city of Copenhagen has honored one of the most distinguished Danish microbiologists, Ole Maaloe, by naming a street after him. Ole Maaloes Vej is not far from the Institute of Microbiology he founded, and where he presided over the Copenhagen School of Bacterial Growth Physiology. The name of the street (“Vej” translates into “Way”) seems particularly apt because Ole showed the way to a precise and deeper understanding of growth as a fundamental biological response. His “big picture” view of the bacterial cell was fueled by his passion for quantitative measurements. His constant questions were: “How fast?,” “How many?,” “How long?” All who went through his lab, which includes the undersigned, learned to regard bacteria as integrated systems—cells—rather than to focus solely on their component parts. It is gratifying that the accomplishments of Ole's lab are becoming increasingly relevant to the scientists who are fashioning Systems Biology.
Search for an Excess of Electron Neutrino Interactions in MicroBooNE Using Multiple Final-State Topologies (2022)

We present a measurement of ν_{e} interactions from the Fermilab Booster Neutrino Beam using the MicroBooNE liquid argon time projection chamber to address the nature of the excess of low energy interactions observed by the MiniBooNE Collaboration. Three independent ν_{e} searches are performed across multiple single electron final states, including an exclusive search for two-body scattering events with a single proton, a semi-inclusive search for pionless events, and a fully inclusive search for events containing all hadronic final states. With differing signal topologies, statistics, backgrounds, reconstruction algorithms, and analysis approaches, the results are found to be either consistent with or modestly lower than the nominal ν_{e} rate expectations from the Booster Neutrino Beam and no excess of ν_{e} events is observed.
COEX - process: cross-breeding between innovation and industrial experience (2008)

Recycling used nuclear fuel at an industrial scale has been a reality for over 40 years. Since it was founded in 1976, AREVA has designed and built two used fuel treatment plants in La Hague, France. These plants, named UP2-800 and UP3, use the PUREX process. UP3 began operations at the end of the 80's and UP2-800 in the mid 90's. The plutonium extracted in UP2-800 and UP3 is then processed in MELOX plant which started operation in 1995, to be recycled under the form of MOX fuel in LWR. This technology has been selected by JNFL for its reprocessing and recycling plants. Rokkasho-Mura reprocessing plant incorporates also some Japanese technologies and is being commissioned soon. Over 23,000 tons of LWR used fuels have been treated in La Hague plants and over 1200 tons of MOX fuels have been produced by MELOX plant. Innovations have been constantly incorporated to these plants to improve process efficiency and to reduce the activity and volume of waste. During these years, AREVA has acquired an invaluable experience in industrializing processes and technologies developed in the laboratory. In the frame of its continuous improvement policy, AREVA has developed jointly with CEA (French Atomic Energy Agency)more » a new process, COEX{sup TM} process, offering significant improvement in term of proliferation resistance, process performance and investment and operating cost. The present paper recalls the process principles applied in French and Japanese recycling plants. Then it describes the main steps of COEX{sup TM} process, the status of its development and the improvements compared to PUREX process. The possible evolution of COEX{sup TM} process to cope with needs of future nuclear fuel cycles using fast reactors and possible recycling of minor actinides is presented. (authors)« less
Photonics on a Silicon Chip (2008)

Photonics on a silicon chip could enable a platform for monolithic integration of optics and microelectronics for applications of optical interconnects in which high data streams are required in a small footprint. In this talk I will review the challenges and achievement in the field of silicon photonics. Using highly confined photonic structures one can enhance the electro-optical and non-linearities properties of Silicon and enable ultra-compact and low power photonic components with very low loss. We have recently demonstrated several active components including GHz electro-optic low power switches and modulators, all-optical amplifiers and wavelength converters on silicon.
How Much Is Enough: Metadata for Preserving Digital Data (2010)

Developments in digital archival practice are an important consideration when dealing with digital data, given their archival nature and the growing effort to preserve data as evidence, support research and publication, and promote data reuse. The research community can benefit from the work of the archives community to achieve their shared goal of preserving authentic digital data over time and across domains. In this paper, I introduce developments in scientific use of digital data; I then offer an archival perspective on aspects of the core metadata issues that have engaged much of the attention of information management specialists in the last decade. In particular I focus on the similarities between metadata for recordkeeping and metadata for preservation. The paper provides insight into how these two aspects of metadata tie together not only in a general sense, but with regard to the implications for the challenges being faced in many repositories and related initiatives seeking to preserve data as records of their time and for replication and reuse in new contexts. The points of the argument are summarized and the need is reiterated for scientific researchers to work closely with archivists when designing and developing data preservation strategies.
Conflict and Cooperation in Intelligence and Security Organisations (2021)

This book provides an institutional costs framework for intelligence and security communities to examine the factors that can encourage or obstruct cooperation. The governmental functions of security and intelligence require various organisations to interact in a symbiotic way. These organisations must constantly negotiate with each other to establish who should address which issue and with what resources. By coupling adapted versions of transaction costs theories with socio-political perspectives, this book provides a model to explain why some cooperative endeavours are successful, whilst others fail. This framework is applied to counterterrorism and defence intelligence in the UK and the US to demonstrate that the view of good cooperation in the former and poor cooperation in the latter is overly simplistic. Neither is necessarily more disposed to behave cooperatively than the other; rather, the institutional costs created by their respective organisational architectures incentivise different cooperative behaviour in different circumstances. This book will be of much interest to students of intelligence studies, organisational studies, politics and security studies.