gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of aging, exercise, and disease on force transfer in skeletal muscle (2015)

The loss of muscle strength and increased injury rate in aging skeletal muscle has previously been attributed to loss of muscle protein (cross-sectional area) and/or decreased neural activation. However, it is becoming clear that force transfer within and between fibers plays a significant role in this process as well. Force transfer involves a secondary matrix of proteins that align and transmit the force produced by the thick and thin filaments along muscle fibers and out to the extracellular matrix. These specialized networks of cytoskeletal proteins aid in passing force through the muscle and also serve to protect individual fibers from injury. This review discusses the cytoskeleton proteins that have been identified as playing a role in muscle force transmission, both longitudinally and laterally, and where possible highlights how disease, aging, and exercise influence the expression and function of these proteins.
Amplification and propagation of pacemaker Ca2+ signals by cyclic ADP-ribose and the type 3 ryanodine receptor in T cells (2004)

Ligation of the T-cell receptor/CD3 complex results in global Ca(2+) signals that are essential for T-cell activation. We have recently reported that these global Ca(2+) signals are preceded by localized pacemaker Ca(2+) signals. Here, we demonstrate for the first time for human T cells that an increase in signal frequency of subcellular pacemaker Ca(2+) signals at sites close to the plasma membrane, in the cytosol and in the nucleus depends on the type 3 ryanodine receptor (RyR) and its modulation by cyclic ADP-ribose. The spatial distribution of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors and RyRs indicates a concerted action of both of these receptors/Ca(2+) channels in the generation of initial pacemaker signals localized close to the plasma membrane. Inhibition or knockdown of RyRs resulted in significant decreases in (1) the frequency of initial pacemaker signals localized close to the plasma membrane, and (2) the frequency of localized pacemaker Ca(2+) signals in the inner cytosol. Moreover, upon microinjection of cyclic ADP-ribose or upon extracellular addition of its novel membrane-permeant mimic N-1-ethoxymethyl-substituted cyclic inosine diphosphoribose, similarly decreased Ca(2+) signals were observed in both type 3 RyR-knockdown cells and in control cells microinjected with the RyR antagonist Ruthenium Red. Taken together, our results show that, under physiological conditions in human T cells, RyRs play crucial roles in the local amplification and the spatiotemporal development of subcellular Ca(2+) pacemaker signals.
Breast Cancer Immunohistochemical Image Generation: a Benchmark Dataset and Challenge Review (2023)

For invasive breast cancer, immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques are often used to detect the expression level of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast tissue to formulate a precise treatment plan. From the perspective of saving manpower, material and time costs, directly generating IHC-stained images from Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) stained images is a valuable research direction. Therefore, we held the breast cancer immunohistochemical image generation challenge, aiming to explore novel ideas of deep learning technology in pathological image generation and promote research in this field. The challenge provided registered H&amp;E and IHC-stained image pairs, and participants were required to use these images to train a model that can directly generate IHC-stained images from corresponding H&amp;E-stained images. We selected and reviewed the five highest-ranking methods based on their PSNR and SSIM metrics, while also providing overviews of the corresponding pipelines and implementations. In this paper, we further analyze the current limitations in the field of breast cancer immunohistochemical image generation and forecast the future development of this field. We hope that the released dataset and the challenge will inspire more scholars to jointly study higher-quality IHC-stained image generation.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure–Activity Relationship Optimization of Pyrazolopyrimidine Amide Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase γ (PI3Kγ) (2021)

Phosphoinositide-3-kinase γ (PI3Kγ) is highly expressed in immune cells and promotes the production and migration of inflammatory mediators. The inhibition of PI3Kγ has been shown to repolarize the tumor immune microenvironment to a more inflammatory phenotype, thereby controlling immune suppression in cancer. Herein, we report the structure-based optimization of an early lead series of pyrazolopyrimidine isoindolinones, which culminated in the discovery of highly potent and isoform-selective PI3Kγ inhibitors with favorable drug-like properties. X-ray cocrystal structure analysis, molecular docking studies, and detailed structure-activity relationship investigations resulted in the identification of the optimal amide and isoindolinone substituents to achieve a desirable combination of potency, selectivity, and metabolic stability. Preliminary <i>in vitro</i> studies indicate that inhibition of PI3Kγ with compound <b>56</b> results in a significant immune response by increasing pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in M1 macrophages.
Lung exposure to nanoparticles modulates an asthmatic response in a mouse model (2010)

The aim of this study was to investigate the modulation of an asthmatic response by titanium dioxide (TiO₂) or gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) in a murine model of diisocyanate-induced asthma. On days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice received 0.3% toluene diisocyanate (TDI) or the vehicle acetone-olive oil (AOO) on the dorsum of both ears (20 μL). On day 14, the mice were oropharyngeally dosed with 40 μL of a NP suspension (0.4 mg·mL⁻¹ (∼0.8 mg·kg⁻¹) TiO₂ or Au). 1 day later (day 15), the mice received an oropharyngeal challenge with 0.01% TDI (20 μL). On day 16, airway hyperreactivity (AHR), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell and cytokine analysis, lung histology, and total serum immunoglobulin E were assessed. NP exposure in sensitised mice led to a two- (TiO₂) or three-fold (Au) increase in AHR, and a three- (TiO₂) or five-fold (Au) increase in BAL total cell counts, mainly comprising neutrophils and macrophages. The NPs taken up by BAL macrophages were identified by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Histological analysis revealed increased oedema, epithelial damage and inflammation. In conclusion, these results show that a low, intrapulmonary doses of TiO₂ or Au NPs can aggravate pulmonary inflammation and AHR in a mouse model of diisocyanate-induced asthma.
Design of the Open-Loop Combined Meandered-Line 1-Layer Radiator for Diversity Antennas with Size-Reduction and Improved Isolation (2012)

This paper proposes a new diversity antenna which is the base of MIMO, tunable and reconfigurable antennas. The antenna has a small size and high inter-antenna isolation resulting from the compact radiating element comprising a meandered line and an open-loop combined in one limited uniplanar space and a modified T-shaped decoupling structure, respectively. In a WiMAX band, the radiating element and the entire antenna are and in size, which shows effective size-reduction and the gain and efficiency of the proposed antenna attached to the ground of a handheld device are 3.7dBi and 56% acceptable to the industrial standard
Uncertainty-aware Self-training for Text Classification with Few Labels (2020)

Recent success of large-scale pre-trained language models crucially hinge on fine-tuning them on large amounts of labeled data for the downstream task, that are typically expensive to acquire. In this work, we study self-training as one of the earliest semi-supervised learning approaches to reduce the annotation bottleneck by making use of large-scale unlabeled data for the target task. Standard self-training mechanism randomly samples instances from the unlabeled pool to pseudo-label and augment labeled data. In this work, we propose an approach to improve self-training by incorporating uncertainty estimates of the underlying neural network leveraging recent advances in Bayesian deep learning. Specifically, we propose (i) acquisition functions to select instances from the unlabeled pool leveraging Monte Carlo (MC) Dropout, and (ii) learning mechanism leveraging model confidence for self-training. As an application, we focus on text classification on five benchmark datasets. We show our methods leveraging only 20-30 labeled samples per class for each task for training and for validation can perform within 3% of fully supervised pre-trained language models fine-tuned on thousands of labeled instances with an aggregate accuracy of 91% and improving by upto 12% over baselines.
On the spectral and power requirements for ultra-wideband transmission (2004)

UWB systems based on impulse radio have the potential to provide very high data rates over short distances. In this paper, a new pulse shape is presented that satisfies the FCC spectral mask. Using this pulse, the link budget is calculated to quantify the relationship between data rate and distance. It is shown that UWB can be a good candidate for reliably transmitting 100 Mbps over distances at about 10 meters.
Differential Integer Ambiguity Resolution with Gaussian A Priori Knowledge and Kalman Filtering (2011)

In this paper, a new maximum a posteriori probability estimation of ambiguities and baselines is proposed for differential carrier phase positioning. A recursive least-squares estimation is performed with an extended Kalman filter, that uses double difference code and carrier phase measurements and Gaussian a priori knowledge about the baseline length, elevation/ pitch angle and azimuth/ heading. The maximum a posteriori probability estimator finds the optimum trade-off between a solution that minimizes the range residuals and one which is close to the priori knowledge. It is shown that the Gaussian a priori knowledge enables a ten times faster convergence of the float solution, and it substantially suppresses multipath and, thereby, prevents divergence of float ambiguities and baselines. Moreover, the Gaussian a priori knowledge allows some errors in the a priori information, i.e. it is more robust than deterministic a priori knowledge.
QUBiC generation 9, a new BiCMOS process optimized for mmWave applications (2015)

QUBiC generation 9 is NXPs new BiCMOS platform process for high performance RF applications in the mmWave domain. We introduced a new MIM capacitor option and paid special attention to improving the RF noise performance of the HBTs. The extrinsic base resistance has been decreased by several methods, most importantly by self-alignment of the extrinsic base connection to the emitter. The new process is robust and manufacturable and it results in improved noise performance without significantly adding to process complexity. We present results from a discrete transistor that is brought to market to replace GaAs pHEMTs for Ku band LNA applications. The second example is a prototype LNA for the Ka band, NFmin improves with 0.3 dB to 2.5 dB at 30 GHz.
A MASH Compliant Sign Mounting Designs for Placement on Concrete Median Barrier (2014)

There is a growing need to place signs on median barriers as a way to relay information to the traveling public. However, with the lack of AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) compliant sign mounting designs, state DOTs are limited to the Zone Of Intrusion (ZOI) guidelines to place such signs. The ZOI is derived from NCHRP Report 350 tests and does not address the placement symmetry encountered in concrete median barrier (CMB) installation. In this paper, four different sign mounting designs are successfully crash tested according to MASH TL 3-11 that can be placed on top of a 32-inch or taller CMB.
Coupling spatial segregation with synthetic circuits to control bacterial survival (2016)

Engineered bacteria have great potential for medical and environmental applications. Fulfilling this potential requires controllability over engineered behaviors and scalability of the engineered systems. Here, we present a platform technology, microbial swarmbot, which employs spatial arrangement to control the growth dynamics of engineered bacteria. As a proof of principle, we demonstrated a safeguard strategy to prevent unintended bacterial proliferation. In particular, we adopted several synthetic gene circuits to program collective survival in Escherichia coli: the engineered bacteria could only survive when present at sufficiently high population densities. When encapsulated by permeable membranes, these bacteria can sense the local environment and respond accordingly. The cells inside the microbial swarmbot capsules will survive due to their high densities. Those escaping from a capsule, however, will be killed due to a decrease in their densities. We demonstrate that this design concept is modular and readily generalizable. Our work lays the foundation for engineering integrated and programmable control of hybrid biological-material systems for diverse applications.
Assessing Functional Status Measures In Older Adults: A Guide For Healthcare Professionals (2002)

Functional status, the degree to which an older person is able to perform socially allocated roles free of limitations and disability, is an important issue in gerontology. Functional status measures are increasingly being used to assess clinical progress, evaluate programs, and establish appropriate eligibility criteria for government and insurance programs. This review discusses and evaluates commonly used self-report and performance-orientated functional status measures employed in older populations. A description of the disablement pathway is provided, followed by a discussion of the components of functional measures. Finally, subjective and objective functional status measures used in clinical and research settings with older adults are discussed and evaluated.
37.1: Invited Paper : 1‐mm Diameter, Full‐color Scanning Fiber Pico Projector (2009)

Abstract Media playback capabilities of mobile devices demand a large display in a small package. We have developed a 1‐mm x 9‐mm scan engine, projecting full‐color images through a vibrating optical fiber tip and miniature lens system. Connected by optical fiber, the projection head and RGB light sources can be distributed across the mobile device.
Synthesis of prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) by cultured human and bovine endothelial cells. (1977)

Cultured endothelial cells derived from human umbilical veins or bovine aorta produce a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The inhibitor is synthesized from sodium arachidonate or or prostaglandin endoperoxides by a microsomal enzyme system. Tranylcypromine, a specific antagonist of prostacyclin synthetase, suppresses production of the inhibitor by endothelial cells. The inhibitor, which is ether extractable, has been identified using a two-step thin-layer radiochromatographic procedure and a synthetic prostaglandin I2 standard. With this procedure, we have shown that human and bovine endothelial cells convert sodium [3H]arachidonate to radiolabeled prostaglandin I2 and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1alpha, as wellas prostaglandin E2. Thus, endothelial cells may be non-thrombogenic in vivo because they synthesize and release prostaglandin I2, a potent inhibitor of platelet aggregation.
Characteristics of Human Pointing Operation using Touch Screens during motion (2003)

Touch screens have excellent operationality and have been used in various places such as the control boards at a nuclear power plant. Taking into consideration the tendency for touch screens to be used frequently, it is thought that it is an important mission imposed on the basic research to clarify the operationality. For this paper, first of all, the dynamic characteristics of the human body to the touch screen during motion was verified by performing sinusoidal vibration on people. Secondly, the influence of vibration to each part of the human body during motion was clarified. Finally, by performing earthquake motion on people, we proposed optimal location of buttons under earthquake. As a result, the display system of touch screens that enables exact operation under earthquake was proposed.
Etching Masks Based on Miniemulsions: A Novel Route Towards Ordered Arrays of Surface Nanostructures (2007)

Platinum-complex-loaded colloidal polystyrene particles are prepared by a miniemulsion technique and deposited on silica in hexagonally ordered monolayers. Optimized plasma and annealing procedures generate Pt particles with diameters appropriate to their metal content at interparticle distances given by the colloidal size. Serving as etching masks in a reactive-ion etching process, the original order of colloids is transferred to nanopillars and nanoholes with aspect ratios of up to 10 (see figure).
Improvement in Efficiency and Operating Range of Centrifugal Blower Stage for Sewage Aeration Blower (2010)

We developed a high-efficiency, wide-operating-range centrifugal blower stage to meet the demand for reduced total energy-consumption in sewage treatment plants. We improved the efficiency of the two-dimensional impeller using a shape optimization tool and one-dimensional performance prediction tool. A limit of the throat deceleration ratio was set to maintain the stall-margin of the impeller. The low solidity vaned diffuser and return channel were designed using a sensitivity analysis with orthogonal arrays and three-dimensional steady flow simulations. The low solidity diffuser was designed in order to improve the performance in the low-flow-rate region. The return channel was designed so that the total pressure loss in the return channel was minimized. Model tests of both the conventional and optimized blower stages were carried out, and the efficiency and operating range of both stages were compared. The optimized blower stage improved in stage efficiency by 3% and in operating range by 5% compared with the conventional blower stage.
Metal complexes of azacrown ethers in molecular recognition and catalysis (2001)

Reversible coordination of ligands or substrates with Lewis-basic groups to Lewis-acidic metal ion binding sites can provide the binding enthalpy and selectivity necessary for molecular recognition or catalysis. Metal complexes of functionalised azamacrocycles have proven to be particularly useful for this purpose. This review summarises the properties and applications of some recently published compounds of this kind, giving typical examples, but no comprehensive coverage of the field. With focus on molecular recognition, the binding of inorganic and organic anions to metal complex binding sites, changes of anion properties induced by the binding and the interaction of metal complexes with the polyanion DNA are discussed. The second part of the review focuses on catalysis mediated by azamacrocyclic Lewis-acidic metal binding sites leading to ester hydrolysis, redox catalysis or polymerisation.
Impact-ionization-engineered avalanche photodiode arrays for free-space optical communication (2016)

High-sensitivity photodetectors serve two purposes in free-space optical communication: data reception and position sensing for pointing, tracking, and stabilization. Two separate detectors are traditionally utilized to perform these tasks, but recent advances in the fabrication and development of large area, low-noise avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays have enabled these devices to be used both as position-sensitive detectors and communications receivers because of the conflicting performance criteria. Combining these functionalities allows for more flexibility and simplicity in optical assembly design without sacrificing the sensitivity and bandwidth performance of smaller, single-element data receivers. Beyond eliminating the need to separate the return beam into two separate paths, these devices enable implementation of adaptive approaches to compensate for focal plane beam wander and breakup, which is often seen in highly scintillated terrestrial and maritime optical links. While the Naval Research Laboratory and Optogration, Inc. have recently demonstrated the performance of single period, InAlAs/InGaAs APD arrays as combined data reception and tracking sensors, an impact-ionization-engineered epilayer design achieves even lower carrier ionization ratios by incorporating multiple multiplication periods engineered to suppress lower ionization rate carriers while enhancing the higher ionization rate carriers of interest. This work presents a three-period I2E concentric, five-element APD array rated for bandwidths beyond 1 GHz with measured carrier ionization ratios of 0.05 to 0.1 at moderate APD gains. The epilayer design of the device will be discussed along with initial device characterization and high-speed performance measurements.
A novel isoform of Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 promotes YAP/TEAD transcriptional activity in NSCLC cells (2021)

Homeodomain-interacting protein kinase-2 (HIPK2) can either promote or inhibit transcription depending on cellular context. In this study, we show that a new HIPK2 isoform increases TEAD reporter activity in NSCLC cells. We detected HIPK2 copy number gain in 5/6 (83.3%) NSCLC cell lines. In NSCLC patients with high HIPK2 mRNA expression in the Human Protein Atlas, the five-year survival rate is significantly lower than in patients with low expression (38% vs 47%; <i>p</i> = 0.047). We also found that 70/78 (89.7%) of NSCLC tissues have moderate to strong expression of the N-terminal HIPK2 protein. We detected and cloned a novel HIPK2 isoform 3 and found that its forced overexpression promotes TEAD reporter activity in NSCLC cells. Expressing HIPK2 isoform 3_K228A kinase-dead plasmid failed to increase TEAD reporter activity in NSCLC cells. Next, we showed that two siRNAs targeting HIPK2 decreased HIPK2 isoform 3 and YAP protein levels in NSCLC cells. Degradation of the YAP protein was accelerated after HIPK2 knockdown in NSCLC cells. Inhibition of HIPK2 isoform 3 decreased the mRNA expression of YAP downstream gene CTGF. The specific HIPK2 kinase inhibitor TBID decreased TEAD reporter activity, reduced cancer side populations, and inhibited tumorsphere formation of NSCLC cells. In summary, this study indicates that HIPK2 isoform 3, the main HIPK2 isoform expressed in NSCLC, promotes YAP/TEAD transcriptional activity in NSCLC cells. Our results suggest that HIPK2 isoform 3 may be a potential therapeutic target for NSCLC.