gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation of aerosolized particulate contamination by the wear of stainless steels (1992)

Pin-on-disc testing was used to generate wear particles from 304 and 440C stainless steels in presence of low-velocity interfacial air flows from a laminar flow bench. The aerosolized wear generated particles were studied using optical particle counters. In some cases, the particles were also collected using an electrostatic precipitator. The tests showed that 440C pins in unlubricated sliding contact with 440C discs and 304 discs generated mostly submicron particles, but that many of these submicron particles were detached from the wear surfaces as parts of agglomerated macro-particles.
Definition of the optimal criteria for identifying hyperactivated human spermatozoa at 25 Hz using in-vitro fertilization as a functional end-point (1995)

Spermatozoa from fertile donors were used to select and validate criteria for the automated classification of hyperactivated (HA) motility using a computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system operating at 25 Hz. In the first phase of this analysis, 710 sperm trajectories were analysed and classified as forward progressive (FP), transition phase (TP) or HA. These tracks were then subjected to a CASA analysis and the various attributes of sperm movement defined for each category of motion. From this analysis, criteria were identified and subsequently validated that permitted the automated selection of FP, TP+HA and HA cells, with > 90% accuracy. To determine which attributes of movement best predicted the fertilizing potential of human spermatozoa, a detailed analysis of sperm motion was undertaken in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization therapy. This analysis indicated that the single most important aspect of sperm movement was the incidence of HA motility (defined as curvilinear velocity > 90 microns/s, linearity < 20%, dancemean [amplitude of lateral head displacement/linearity x 100] > 45.8 microns) after 3 h of incubation. Using the latter criterion as the first incorporated variable, multiple regression equations were created that explained up to 50% of the variance in fertilization rates. None of the other patterns of motion (FP, TP, TP+HA) was correlated with fertilization rates, and none of the other published algorithms for identifying HA cells were as efficient as those described here.
Band lineup and in-plane effective mass of InGaAsP or InGaAlAs on InP strained-layer quantum well (1994)

We describe the band lineups of InGaAlAs on (001) InP as well as InGaAsP on (001) InP system with strain effects, based on the Harrison model. We show that the compressive strain does not affect the band position so much, and tensile strain raises the band position in the InGaAsP system. It is also shown that both compressive and tensile strains raise the band positions in the InGaAlAs system. The conduction and valence band positions of InGaAs, InGaAsP, and InGaAlAs relative to InP valence band are given in approximate formulas as a function of the strain. We calculate the energy versus in-plane wave vector relationship of the InGaAsP/InGaAs(P) InGaAlAs/InGa(Al)As on InP strained quantum-well systems. We obtain the in-plane effective mass of the strained quantum-well system by fitting the dispersion relationship to a parabolic curve. The in-plane effective masses of several kinds of strained quantum-well systems are listed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Numerical Analysis of Efficiency and Dynamic Performance of Li-Polymer Battery (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Carbon-11 and radioiodinated derivatives of lysergic acid diethylamide: Ligands for the study of serotonin S2 receptors in vivo (1985)

2-(/sup 125/1)-LSD binds selectively and with high affinity to serotonin S2 receptors in vitro. In the present study, the authors prepared 2-(/sup 123/1)-LSD as well as a carbon-11 labeled analog. They also characterized the in vivo binding of these tracers to receptor sites in mouse brain to assess their potential for tomographic imaging of S2 receptors in man. The temporal distribution of 2-(/sup 125/1)-LSD paralleled the density of S2 receptors. Regional selectivity was maximal after 15 minutes when tissue to cerebellum ratios were: frontal cortex (2.6), olfactory tubercles (2.4), striatum (2.3), and cortex (2.0). Preinjection of ketanserin, a potent S2 antagonist, inhibited binding. 2-(/sup 123/1)-LSD, prepared in 20% yield from LSD and electrophilic I-123, gave similar results in vivo and may be useful for SPECT studies. The authors then synthesized N1-((/sup 11/C)-Me)-2-Br-LSD (/sup 11/C-MBL) from (/sup 11/C)-methyl iodide and 2-Br-LSD for PET imaging trials. /sup 11/C-MBL was isolated by HPLC in high chemical and radiochemical purity within 30 minutes from E.O.B. The average radiochemical yield was 20% and the specific activity was determined by U.V. spectroscopy to be up to 1300Ci/mMol (E.O.S.). 11C-MBL showed greater regional selectivity in vivo in mouse brain than 2-(/sup 125/1)-LSD. After 30 minutes, peak tissuemore » to cerebellum ratios were: frontal cortex (5.4), olfactory tubercles (4.2), striatum (3.0), and cortex (2.8). Preinjection of ketanserin markedly inhibited /sup 11/C-MBL binding. /sup 11/C-MBL is a promising candidate for PET studies of S2 receptors.« less
Highly Predictive Accelerated Weathering of Engineering Thermoplastics (2003)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Current accelerated weathering protocols such as SAE J1960 or ASTM G26 do not provide reliable, predictive results for engineering thermoplastics. Correlation factors among resin types and even different colors of a single resin have variations that are 60-100% of the mean at the 95% confidence level, making these tests useless for lifetime prediction or even reliable ranking of materials. We have developed improved conditions using CIRA/sodalime-filtered xenon arc, a more rain-like water spray, and occasional sponge-wiping of the samples. The data for gloss loss and color shift agree very well with Florida data giving a correlation factor of 3100±680 kJ/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; (at 340 nm) per Florida year at the 95% confidence level. The acceleration factor is 7.6x.&lt;/div&gt;
Variational functions of the padé type—application to the ground state of the helium atom (1980)

Abstract It is shown that trial functions involving Padé approximants yield satisfactory results for the ground state of the helium atom. In particular, the five‐parameter form reproduces the best variational function of the type Ψ = e –zs ϕ( u ) obtained numerically, to a remarkable extent.
Near-field hybrid recording with a mode index waveguide lens (2000)

This paper describes a design for a near field hybrid recording system that uses a mode index waveguide lens in place of a SIL or optical fiber. The mode index waveguide lens is fabricated on the back of an air bearing slider with a thin film magnetic head and giant magneto resistance (GMR) sensor for reading and writing. The optical spot from the waveguide heats the media to its Curie temperature such that within the spot a region with a reduced coercive field (`Curie cylinder') is created. The thin film head then applies a magnetic field to switch the magnetization within the Curie cylinder thereby recording a written mark. In the system proposed here, the track width of the optical spot is less than that of the thin film head and as such defines the recording track width. A GMR sensor is used to sense the flux leakage from the surface of the media and may also be laser assisted. Calculations predict an aerial density of 70 Gbits/inch<SUP>2</SUP> when using a simple mode index lens fabricated from a SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/SiN<SUB>x</SUB>/SiO<SUB>2</SUB> waveguide. Furthermore, by using advanced lens designs and innovative materials, the track width can be reduced further thereby offering a promising way to achieve 500 Gb/inch<SUP>2</SUP>.
Hydrogen Bonds in RNA Base Pairs Investigated by Cross-Correlated Relaxation of Multiple-Quantum Coherence in NMR (2001)

Two nucleotides that constitute a Watson–Crick base pair can be “connected” by creating multiple quantum coherences between the donor and acceptor 15N nuclei across the hydrogen bond. Cross correlations between the fluctuations of two chemical shift tensors (purple ellipsoids in the picture) and two dipolar interactions (highlighted in yellow) give new insight into slow-motion dynamics of base pairs in nucleic acids.
Cell jamming, stratification and p63 expression in cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets (2020)

Corneal limbal epithelial stem cell transplantation using cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets has been used successfully to treat limbal stem cell deficiencies. Here we report an investigation into the quality of cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets using time-lapse imaging of the cell culture process every 20 minutes over 14 days to ascertain the level of cell jamming, a phenomenon in which cells become smaller, more rounded and less actively expansive. In parallel, we also assessed the expression of p63, an important corneal epithelial stem cell marker. The occurrence of cell jamming was variable and transient, but was invariably associated with a thickening and stratification of the cell sheet. p63 was present in all expanding cell sheets in the first 9 days of culture, but it's presence did not always correlate with stratification of the cell sheet. Nor did p63 expression necessarily persist in stratified cell sheets. An assessment of cell jamming, therefore, can shed significant light on the quality and regenerative potential of cultivated human corneal epithelial cell sheets.
High-Finesse Micromachined Fabry-Perot Cavities with Silicon/Air DBR Mirrors (2006)

Micromachined Fabry-Perot cavities with cryogenically-etched silicon/air DBR mirrors and integrated SOI rib waveguides are demonstrated. Various devices exhibit Q=10774, FWHM=0.15 nm, finesse=196, FSR=81.7 nm and DBR mirror reflectance R=0.985. Thermo-optic tuning over 6.7 nm is also demonstrated
Monoclonal antibodies: powerful new tools for the clinician (1982)

The recent advent of monoclonal antibodies has provided the clinician and investigator with a family of enormously powerful probes. Indeed, it seems likely that our understanding of human biology will be so substantially influenced by this new technology that the practice of medicine will require a working knowledge of it. Because the skin is so easily sampled and because that tissue contains so manydistinct types of differentiated cells and cell products, the discipline of dermatology will probably be among the most profoundly affected. This scientific quantum jump occurred largely through serendipity. To study antibody synthesis by B cells, Kohler and Milstein 1 hybridized or fused murine normal B cells and malignant myeloma cells. These tetraploid cells were programmed by the DNA of the normal B cell to produce specific antibody and were programmed by the myeloma cell's DNA to secrete large amounts of this antibody and to proliferate into a
Straight Dope about Our Club (1925)

It is generally concded now that the name of the club of Foresters is not the Forestry Club, but the Forestry PEP club. Pep is a big part of it, indeed, PEP has put it where it is now. This PEP is evident all the year 'round. It starts in the fall with the annual Camp Fire. Some clubs have mixers, some have smokers, but only the Foresters can have their Campfire. At it, each fall, new friendships are made, old ones renewed, and the Forestry group renewed and revigorated for another year. Here "Prof" and student mingle and become acquainted. From then on all are friends in Forestry.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alkylamines and Aryl Iodides: An Efficient System Even in an Air Atmosphere. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling of Electrodynamic Bearings (2008)

A new model of electrodynamic bearings is presented in this paper. The model takes into account the R-L dynamics of the eddy currents on which this type of bearing is based, making it valid for both quasistatic and dynamic analyses. In the quasistatic case, the model is used to obtain the force generated by an off-centered shaft rotating at a fixed speed in a constant magnetic field. The model is then used to analyze the dynamic stability of a Jeffcott rotor supported by electrodynamic bearings. The essential role played by nonrotating damping in ensuring a stable operating range to the rotor is studied by means of root loci. Comparison with literature results is finally used to validate the model.
Intratumor heterogeneity of EGFR mutations in lung cancer tissues and its correlation with the response to gefitinib (2006)

B25 Cancer tissues consist of various cancer cells with different genetic alterations. From the viewpoint of anti-cancer drug therapy, it is important to assess the ratio between responder and non-responder cells. Due to lack of biomarkers discriminating responder and non-responder cells, such studies are generally difficult. However, with molecular target drugs, the studies may be possible using target molecules as the biomarker. In particular, gefitinib is an ideal example, because responders carry somatic mutation(s) in the kinase domain of EGFR. This correlation is gaining a consensus at least in the Asian population. We collected primary non-small cell lung cancer tissues from twenty Japanese patients treated with gefitinib. All tissues were confirmed to carry EGFR mutations by PCR direct sequencing. For accurate quantitation of the responder/non-responder cell ratio, we randomly sampled about 60 small regions containing only cancer cells by laser microbeam dissection, and determined the mutation status of each region. To prevent contamination of different types of cells, we minimized the size of the region to 100x100x40 micrometers, which contained about thirty cells. The mutation status was determined by SNaP shot (Applied Biosystems), a primer extension assay using an oligonucleotide primer designed for each mutation. Regions were classified either of wild type cell (WT), heterozygote of EGFR mutation (HT) or homozygote of EGFR mutation (HO). WT corresponded to non-responder cells, and HT and HO to responder cells. From the number of regions of each category, the responder/non-responder cell ratio was calculated. Fourteen tissues consisted only of responder cells (group I): twelve tissues of only HT, and two tissues of HT and HO. Six tissues consisted of responder and non-responder cells (group II): non-responder cells occupied 7, 8, 10, 22, 67, 95 % of the total cancer cell population, respectively. The case with 95% non-responder cells was the only PD (progressive disease) case in this collection. Both of time to progression and overall survival were significantly reduced in the group II (p
Effect of Porogen Molecular Architecture and Loading on Structure of Porous Thin Films (2008)

The effects of molecular architecture and loading of a porogen material on the structural characteristics of methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ)-based porous films are examined using X-ray porosimetry (XRP) and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Either linear (NG) or star-shaped (TP) polymers are used as the porogen here and blended with the MSQ material at loadings from 20 to 50% by mass, resulting in porosities between 30 and 60% by volume, regardless of porogen architecture. This indicates that the MSQ matrix material contains approximately 10% by volume inherent microporosity. The average pore size increases with increased porogen loadings in a way that depends on the porogen architecture. The NG porogen tends to aggregate, more than tripling the average pore size as the porogen loading increases from 20 to 50% by mass (22 to 76 Å in diameter). By contrast, the TP porogen has less propensity to aggregate, leading to a smaller increase in terms of percent change in the average pore size for the same porogen loading range (76 to 132 Å in diameter). Changes in the porogen type or loading do not influence the wall density (1.47 ± 0.01) g/cm3 of the material between the pores, whereas the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is approximately 1.5 times greater for the NG samples than for the TP samples at all porogen loadings.
Minimum Repair Bandwidth LDPC Codes for Distributed Storage Systems (2022)

In distributed storage systems (DSS), an optimal code design must meet the requirements of efficient local data regeneration in addition to reliable data retention. Recently, low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have been proposed as a promising candidate that can secure high data rates as well as low repair bandwidth while maintaining low complexity in data reconstruction. The main objective of this study is to optimize the repair bandwidth characteristics of LDPC code families for a DSS application while meeting the data reliability requirements. First, a data access scenario in which nodes contact other available nodes randomly to download data is examined. Later, a minimum-bandwidth protocol is considered in which nodes make their selections based on the degree numbers of check nodes. Through formulating optimization problems for both protocols, a fundamental trade-off between the decoding threshold and the repair bandwidth is established for a given code rate. Finally, conclusions are confirmed by numerical results showing that irregular constructions have a large potential for establishing optimized LDPC code families for DSS applications.
Molecular Modeling Studies of Human A3 Adenosine Antagonists:  Structural Homology and Receptor Docking (1998)

Molecular modeling studies were conducted on various chemically diverse classes of human A3 adenosine receptor antagonists (hA3ANTs), such as adenines, xanthines, triazoloquinazolines, flavonoids, thiazolopyridines, 6-phenyl-1, 4-dihydropyridines, and 6-phenylpyridines. Using a combination of ab initio quantum mechanical calculations, electrostatic potential map comparison, and the steric and electrostatic alignment (SEAL) method, a general pharmacophore map for hA3ANTs has been derived. Based on the proposed pharmacophore map, we hypothesize that the receptor binding properties of different A3 antagonist derivatives are due to recognition at a common region inside the receptor binding site and, consequently, a common electrostatic potential profile. A model of the human A3 receptor, docked with the triazoloquinazoline reference ligand CGS 15953 (9-chloro-2-(2-furyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]quinazolin-5-amine), was built and analyzed to help interpret these results. All other antagonist structures were docked inside the receptor according to the results obtained through the steric and electrostatic alignment (SEAL) approach using the structure of CGS 15953 as a template. The receptor model was derived from primary sequence comparison, secondary structure predictions, and three-dimensional homology building, using rhodopsin as a template. An energetically refined 3D structure of the ligand-receptor complex was obtained using our recently introduced cross-docking procedure (J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 1456-1466), which simulates the ligand-induced reorganization of the native receptor structure.
Violation of Leggett–Garg inequalities in quantum measurements with variable resolution and back-action (2012)

Quantum mechanics violates Leggett-Garg inequalities because the operator formalism predicts correlations between different spin components that would correspond to negative joint probabilities for the outcomes of joint measurements. However, the uncertainty principle ensures that such joint measurements cannot be implemented without errors. In a sequential measurement of the spin components, the resolution and back-action errors of the intermediate measurement can be described by random spin flips acting on an intrinsic joint probability. If the error rates are known, the intrinsic joint probability can be reconstructed from the noisy statistics of the actual measurement outcomes. In this paper, we use the spin-flip model of measurement errors to analyze experimental data on photon polarization obtained with an interferometric setup that allows us to vary the measurement strength and hence the balance between resolution and back-action errors. We confirm that the intrinsic joint probability obtained from the experimental data is independent of measurement strength and show that the same violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality can be obtained for any combination of measurement resolution and back-action.
The Third Intracellular Loop Stabilizes the Inactive State of the Neuropeptide Y1 Receptor (2008)

Constitutively active G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) can signal even in the absence of ligand binding. Most Class I GPCRs are stabilized in the resting conformation by intramolecular interactions involving transmembrane domain (TM) 3 and TM6, particularly at loci 6.30 and 6.34 of TM6. Signaling by Gi/Go-coupled receptors such as the Neuropeptide Y1 receptor decreases already low basal metabolite levels. Thus, we examined constitutive activity using a biochemical assay mediated by a Gi/Gq chimeric protein and a more direct electrophysiological assay. Wild-type (WT-Y1) receptors express no measurable, agonist-independent activation, while mu-opioid receptors (MOR) and P2Y12 purinoceptors showed clear evidence of constitutive activation, especially in the electrophysiological assay. Neither point mutations at TM6 (T6.30A or N6.34A) nor substitution of the entire TM3 and TM6 regions from the MOR into the Y1 receptor increased basal WT-Y1 activation. By contrast, chimeric substitution of the third intracellular loop (ICL3) generated a constitutively active, Y1-ICL3-MOR chimera. Furthermore, the loss of stabilizing interactions from the native ICL3 enhanced the role of surrounding residues to permit basal receptor activation; because constitutive activity of the Y1-ICL3-MOR chimera was further increased by point mutation at locus 6.34, which did not alter WT-Y1 receptor activity. Our results indicate that the ICL3 stabilizes the Y1 receptor in the inactive state and confers structural properties critical for regulating Y receptor activation and signal transduction. These studies reveal the active participation of the ICL3 in the stabilization and activation of Class I GPCRs.
Economies of Scale, Natural Monopoly, and Imperfect Competition in an Experimental Market (2001)

This outstanding collection spanning three decades comprises a superb selection of Charles R. Plott’s work in experimental economics. Market Institutions and Price Discovery contains papers which define problems, create laboratory methodology and produce the first results in many areas of experimental economics.
Tree-Reweighted Message Passing (2014)

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VEHICLE LICENSE PLATE RECOGNITION BY MEANS OF CELLULAR AUTOMATA (1998)

In this paper, the authors present a prototype for a vehicle license plate recognition system that is based on both uniform and non-uniform cellular automata. The system is capable of recognizing license plates for slow-moving vehicles under any environmental conditions. It is shown that the cellular automata model leads to improved time performances.