gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Present and future prospects of gan-based power electronics (2008)

GaN/AlGaN device technologies are reviewed aiming at the applications to power switching systems. SL (Super Lattice) capping and QA (Quaternary Alloy) over-layer techniques have been developed to reduce the on-resistance of GaN/ AlGaN HFET. Further, we achieved GaN on Silicon epitaxial growth technology with almost the same mobility keeping the same 2DEG density, which will make the cost comparable to conventional Si one. The experimentally obtained R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> A of the FET is 1.9 m¿cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is 14 times lower than that of Si ones. Additionally, a novel approach to realize enhancement mode operation of GaN/AlGaN FET is proposed using minority carrier injection by the gate.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF A COTTON FLOW RATE SENSOR (2001)

An opticallybased system for measuring cotton flow rate was designed and tested in both field and laboratoryenvironments. Accuracy was documented by comparing actual and predicted load weights. When fieldtested on a cottonharvester, results were positive, with an average absolute error of 4.7%. A laboratory test was subsequently designed andconducted to gather data describing relationships between system performance and variables such as cotton flow rate, cottonmoisture content, and cotton variety. The accuracy results of the laboratory test confirmed those generated in the field, withan average absolute error of 3.4%. Additionally, laboratory test results indicated a moderate correlation between averageflow rate and absolute error. Variety also affected system performance, with an average absolute error of 2.4% for one variety,versus 4.9% for another. Moisture content had no detectable effect on accuracy in the laboratory test. The technologydescribed herein has been patented and licensed to industry for application on mobile equipment.
Sequential batch assembly of 3-D microstructures with elastic hinges by a magnetic field (2003)

This paper describes three-dimensional (3-D) microstructure assembly using an external magnetic field. An external magnetic field perpendicular to a substrate lifts up a hinged structure due to the shape magnetic anisotropy. Micro flap structures (4.5 /spl mu/m-thick electroplated Permalloy) having 0.2 /spl mu/m-thick nickel elastic hinges with various lengths and widths are bent in out-of-plane direction in a magnetic field up to 50 kA/m. The volume of magnetic material and the stiffness of the hinges determine the sensitivity to a magnetic field. As a result, we realized sequential batch assembly using the difference of the sensitivity. By way of the example, we have erected plates 600 /spl mu/m /spl times/ 600 /spl mu/m in size. Also, structures bent at 90 and 45 degrees out of the plane have been obtained at the same time.
Investigation of the transition between glow and streamer discharges in atmospheric air (2006)

Generally, the parameter p · d (pressure × gap distance) in dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) controls the electrical breakdown and also the plasma characteristics. We investigated the optimum plasma transition p · d by controlling the pressure. To find the transition p · d (p · dtr) condition, optical emission spectroscopy (OES) was used to measure emission spectra from the DBD. All p · d data were normalized by the second positive system of nitrogen molecules, the wavelength of which was 337.1 nm. Then we compared the relative intensities of species generated during the discharge by OES analysis. Species selected for comparison were the first negative system (FNS) of nitrogen molecules (391.4 nm) and atomic oxygen spectra (777.1 nm). Experimental results showed that relative intensities were almost constant as p · d decreased, but at specific p · d data, the intensity started to increase. The increase in FNS of nitrogen molecules means not only an increase in electron energy but also a change in the plasma mode, streamer to glow transition. In the case of DBD using alumina with 1 mm thickness applied ac power, the plasma transition occurred at the 1 Torr cm condition.
AIRE Mutations and Human Leukocyte Antigen Genotypes as Determinants of the Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy-Candidiasis-Ectodermal Dystrophy Phenotype (2002)

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED, OMIM 240300) is a rare autoimmune disease caused by mutations in the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21q22.3. This monogenic disease provides an interesting model for studies of other common and more complex autoimmune diseases. The most common components of APECED are chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, hypoparathyroidism, and Addison's disease, but several other endocrine deficiencies and ectodermal dystrophies also occur and the phenotype varies widely. The AIRE genotype also varies; 42 different mutations have been reported so far. To understand the complexity of the phenotype, we studied the AIRE and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genotypes in a series of patients with APECED. The only association between the phenotype and the AIRE genotype was the higher prevalence of candidiasis in the patients with the most common mutation, R257X, than in those with other mutations. Addison's disease was associated with HLA-DRB1*03 (P = 0.021), alopecia with HLA-DRB1*04- DQB1*0302 (P < 0.001), whereas type 1 diabetes correlated negatively with HLA-DRB1*15-DQB1*0602 (P = 0.036). The same HLA associations have previously been established for non-APECED patients. We conclude that mutation of AIRE per se has little influence on the APECED phenotype, whereas, in contrast to earlier reports, HLA class II is a significant determinant.
Medical therapy of Crohn disease (2004)

There appears to be an expanding array of treatment options that will become available to clinicians for the treatment of Crohn disease. New treatment paradigms have emerged for managing mild to moderate disease. Small molecules may provide alternatives for immunomodulation other than the purine antimetabolites and methotrexate. Increased understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of Crohn disease has allowed the development of novel therapeutics directed at specific molecular targets. However, as the treatment options expand, questions regarding optimal combination treatment strategies will need to be answered.
Findings and considerations for I/O clock jitter on a source synchronous front side bus (2012)

This paper outlines when designing a front side bus that is source synchronous the clock needs special consideration. If the clock is treated the same as data bit the bus performance or bit rate can be limited by the clock distortion effects. Investigations of the components of the distortion are described along with prevention rules and silicon architecture impacts.
Extreme heat and air pollution-related risk of hospitalization and mortality among end-stage renal disease patients (2019)

TPS 681: Short-term health effects of air pollutants 1, Exhibition Hall, Ground floor, August 26, 2019, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM Background/Aim. The joint effect of extreme heat events (EHE) and short-term air pollution exposures among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients is unknown. Furthermore, it remains unclear how this association may vary across individual characteristics. Here, we characterized the effect of EHE and short-term air pollution among ESRD patients and further investigated risk variability across race/ethnicity and co-morbidities. Methods. Daily hospitalization and mortality counts were obtained from Fresenius Medical Care (FMC) in-center hemodialysis patients treated in Boston, MA; Philadelphia, PA; and New York City, NY between in 2001 and 2012 (N=7212). EHE were identified using 95th percentile threshold values derived from location- and calendar day-specific long-term baselines (1960-1989). We used time-stratified case-crossover analysis to estimate all-cause hospitalization and all-cause mortality risks associated with EHE and air pollution (ozone and PM2.5) using lag structures. We further stratified the analysis by race/ethnicity (Asian, Hispanic, Non-Hispanic (NH) Black, and NH-White) and co-morbidities (congestive heart failure (CHF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and diabetes). Results. NH-Black and NH-White patients demonstrated consistent increased EHE-related hospitalization and mortality risk across same-day, one-day, and cumulative lag periods. Patients living with any co-morbidity responded with increased hospitalization risk across estimated lag-responses. Notably, diabetics had the highest hospitalization risk (RR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.14-1.53). CHF and COPD exhibited substantially higher mortality risk. Same-day EHE exposure yielded the highest mortality risk (RR: 2.61, 95% CI: 1.67-4.10) for patients with COPD. Effect modification analysis between EHE and air pollution is ongoing and will be presented. Conclusions. Our data suggest that EHE-related risk increases in hospitalization and mortality may vary across race/ethnicity as well as co-morbidity status. In light of the projected increased frequency of extreme heat events, future studies with national-outlook are needed to quantify geographic and demographic variability in risk and inform ESRD management guidelines under a changing climate.
Scientific American introduction to molecular medicine (1994)

Recognition, prevention, and treatment of surgical infections requires prompt and decisive action. This book provides information to aid making and action. 30 renowned experts show the reader how to quickly and efficiently manage infections commonly seen in surgical practice. Written for practising surgeons, this book provides must-know information about the treatment of infections in three important ways: fast-reading decision trees give you a logical decision-making sequence for diagnosis and management; keyed explanations spell out the reasoning behind management recommendations; and comprehensive discussions explain the underlying physiologic principles and clinical issues. A special feature is a Clinical Correlates chapter that examines three real cases of complex surgical infections. In his commentary on these cases, the author shows how the book can help the reader solve difficult clinical problems.
Observations of Galactic and Extra-galactic Sources From the BOOMERANG and SEST Telescopes (2003)

We present millimeter-wave observations of three extra-galactic and six Galactic sources in the Southern sky. Observations were made at 90, 150, 240 and 400 GHz with resolutions of 18, 10, 14 and 12 arcmin respectively during the 1998 Antarctic long duration balloon flight of BOOMERANG. Observations were also made with the SEST telescope, at 90 and 150 GHz with resolutions of 57 and 35 arcsec respectively. These observations can be used for calibrations of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments as well as an understanding of the physical processes of the sources.
Novel Antenna Designs and Characterization Methodologies for Medical Diagnostics and Sensing (2016)

This chapter presents the frequency of operation and antenna design for wireless medical implantable devices which is classified into the following categories: low-frequency band; medical implant communication service (MICS); ISM and Wi-Fi; wireless medical telemetry services (WMTS); and ultra-wideband (UWB). It provides a brief summary of the various methodologies for the design and development of these antennas using numerical simulations and characterizations. The chapter discusses the antenna performance parameters in the human body environment, a thorough comparison was conducted between the proposed design and some other existing antenna topologies in terms of link budget estimation, and proposes a wireless power transfer enabled frequency reconfigurable system and provides initial inductive link budget calculations. Next, it proposes a medical monitoring and sensing system with the capsule antenna system using RFID technology. Lastly, the chapter discusses an RFID bio-tag which can be used for patient monitoring, including vitals and location, in hospital environments.
Generation of ICMPv6 Echo Replies for Teredo Clients (2009)

Teredo uses return routing to discover the closest Teredo relay
corresponding to any given peer. Discovery is achieved by sending an
ICMPv6 Echo Request and waiting for the appropriate relay to forward
the ICMPv6 Echo Reply back. Unanswered ICMPv6 Echo Requests make
Teredo clients assume that the peer is unreachable. This document
identifies two scenarios where a middlebox should detect the lack of
ICMPv6 Echo Reply and craft one toward the Teredo client in order to
avoid possibly erroneous peer unreachability assumptions.
Full-length Sequence, Localization, and Chromosomal Mapping of Ameloblastin (1996)

We report the full-length sequencing, cell type-specific expression, and immunolocalization of a novel gene expressed in rat incisors, which we have designated ameloblastin. Northern blot analysis of RNA from multiple rat and mouse tissues demonstrated high levels of expression of two distinct transcripts of approximately 2.0 and 1.6 kilobase pairs that were expressed only in teeth. In situ hybridization using a digoxigenin-labeled RNA probe showed that the tissue distribution of ameloblastin was limited to the ameloblast in rat incisors. Immunohistochemical staining of rat incisors using a polyclonal antibody raised against a fusion protein revealed a unique localization pattern. Ameloblastin was found to be expressed during the differentiation of inner enamel epithelium into ameloblasts, with intense localization in the Tomes' processes of secretory ameloblasts. In contrast to amelogenin, only modest amounts of ameloblastin were detected in enamel matrix. The ameloblastin gene encodes an open reading frame of 422 amino acids corresponding to a putative protein of 45 kDa. The predicted protein is acidic (pI = 5.54) and the most abundant amino acids are Pro (15.2%), Gly (9.9%), and Leu (9.9%). We have also mapped the ameloblastin gene, Ambn, to a locus on mouse chromosome 5 near other genes associated with mineralized tissues. Thus, ameloblastin represents a unique ameloblast-specific gene product that may be important in enamel matrix formation and mineralization.
Systematic Merging of Nonfullerene Acceptor π-Extension and Tetrafluorination Strategies Affords Polymer Solar Cells with >16% Efficiency (2021)

The end-capping group (EG) is the essential electron-withdrawing component of nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs). To systematically probe the impact of two frequent EG functionalization strategies, π-extension and halogenation, in A-DAD-A type NFAs, we synthesized and characterized four such NFAs: <b>BT-BIC</b>, <b>LIC</b>, <b>L4F</b>, and <b>BO-L4F</b>. To assess the relative importance of these strategies, we contrast these NFAs with the baseline acceptors, <b>Y5</b> and <b>Y6</b>. Up to 16.6% power conversion efficiency (PCE) in binary inverted OSCs with <b>BT-BO</b>-<b>L4F</b> combining π-extension and halogenation was achieved. When these two factors are combined, the effect on optical absorption is cumulative. Single-crystal π-π stacking distances are similar for the EG strategies of π-extension. Increasing the alkyl substituent length from <b>BT-L4F</b> to <b>BT-BO-L4F</b> significantly alters the packing motif and eliminates the EG core interactions of <b>BT-L4F</b>. Electronic structure computations reveal some of the largest NFA π-π electronic couplings observed to date, 103.8 meV in <b>BT-L4F</b> and 47.5 meV in <b>BT-BO-L4F</b>. Computed electronic reorganization energies, 132 and 133 meV for <b>BT-L4F</b> and <b>BT-BO-L4F</b>, respectively, are also lower than Y6 (150 meV). BHJ blends show preferential π-face-on orientation, and both fluorination and π-extension increase NFA crystallinity. Femto/nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy (fs/nsTA) and integrated photocurrent device analysis (IPDA) indicate that π-extension modifies the phase separation to enhance film ordering and carrier mobility, while fluorination suppresses unimolecular recombination. This systematic study highlights the synergistic effects of NFA π-extension and fluorination in affording efficient OSCs and provides insights into designing next-generation materials.
A wireless sensor for food quality detection by UHF RFID passive tags (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel wireless sensor for the detection of food quality. The main idea is to integrate the sensing capability into UHF RFID tags thanks to the relation between physical read-range and permittivity of object in that we labeled RFID tags. From the knowledge in variation of food permittivity in function to time by experimental characterization, it is possible to detect the contamination time from which the food becomes improper for consumption based on the measurement of read-range with designed sensing tags. This low-cost UHF RFID passive sensor was designed and experimentally tested on beef with the same storage conditions in supermarket. The tendency agreement between experimental and simulation results show the potential of this technique for real-world applications in food traceability.
Electrical impedance of electrode encapsulation tissue (1992)

The complex resistivity of the encapsulation tissue that surrounds chronically implanted electrodes was measured in vitro as a function of frequency. The value of resistivity and its frequency dependence were functions of the morphology of the tissue. The results indicate that the encapsulation tissue will offer a significant barrier to current flow, and suggest that the encapsulation should be included when calculating the electric field induced by chronically implanted neural prosthesis electrodes.
Panel: The Need for System Solutions to Improve Employment Outcomes of Cancer Survivors (2007)

The good news is that the number of cancer survivors and length of survival has increased due to early detection and treatment improvements. Of the estimated 10.5 million cancer survivors in the United States, approximately 40% are of working age (NCI, 2006). Unfortunately, one out of five survivors experience cancer-related disabilities that affect employment. Survivors may experience long-term and late-effects (including functional and general health changes) resulting in less than optimal employment outcomes, including long-term employment and work productivity. Although employment issues have been recognized in this area, to date, the majority of research on work productivity and return to work in human factors and ergonomics has focused on common occupational injuries and illnesses. The application of theories, methodologies, and perspectives from human factors research may serve to optimize employment outcomes for cancer survivors.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Optically Active Derivatives of Erythritol. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solution-Dispersible Metal Nanorings with Deliberately Controllable Compositions and Architectural Parameters for Tunable Plasmonic Response (2015)

We report a template-based technique for the preparation of solution-dispersible nanorings composed of Au, Ag, Pt, Ni, and Pd with control over outer diameter (60-400 nm), inner diameter (25-230 nm), and height (40 nm to a few microns). Systematic and independent control of these parameters enables fine-tuning of the three characteristic localized surface plasmon resonance modes of Au nanorings and the resulting solution-based extinction spectra from the visible to the near-infrared. This synthetic approach provides a new pathway for solution-based investigations of surfaces with negative curvature.
Extremely scaled gate-first high-k/metal gate stack with EOT of 0.55 nm using novel interfacial layer scavenging techniques for 22nm technology node and beyond (2006)

We report for the first time that extreme EOT scaling and low n/p VTHs can be achieved simultaneously. Underlying mechanisms that enable EOT scaling and EWF tuning are explained and the fundamental device parameters including reliability of the extremely scaled devices are discussed. Record low gate leakage, appropriately low V TH s and competitive carrier mobilities in this work demonstrate the gate stack technology that is consistent with the sub-22 nm node requirements.
Refinery waste: the spent hydroprocessing catalyst and its recycling options (2016)

An industrial waste spent residue hydroprocessing catalyst, contains high levels of metals and carbon, which decreases catalytic activity and forces the refiner to replace the catalyst. The catalyst was unloaded from a KNPC refinery atmospheric residue desulfurization unit. Recycling of spent catalyst waste is at the leading edge of environmentally sound technology and sets the standards for handling the solid waste in the refinery as it is considered hazardous. Hence a concept for a recycling approach to minimize industrial spent catalyst waste has been applied for the recovery of metals (Ni, V, Mo) as a first step while supporting [Al(OH)3] in a subsequent process. The recycling of a spent catalyst involves various steps such as de-oiling, drying, grinding, sieving, and decoking. In the subsequent steps, the de-coked spent catalysts were treated with acid-base reaction media to separate the various components of the spent catalyst. The metal recovery as a function of leaching agents has been investigated by using hydrometallurgical processes. A brief account has also been reported for conventional processes and recent approaches employed by using pyro-metallurgical and hydrometallurgical routes. Considering various routes of metal extractions, the EDTA containing chelation process has shown its potential in high value metal extraction of up to 99% recovery. The recovered metals and support have enabled industrial application for use as alternative raw materials for catalyst preparation.
Numerical modelling of recrystallization in polycrystalline materials (2008)

International audience
Analytic Expressions for Rate and CV of a Type I Neuron Driven by White Gaussian Noise (2003)

We study the one-dimensional normal form of a saddle-node system under the influence of additive gaussian white noise and a static "bias current" input parameter, a model that can be looked upon as the simplest version of a type I neuron with stochastic input. This is in contrast with the numerous studies devoted to the noise-driven leaky integrate-and-fire neuron. We focus on the firing rate and coefficient of variation (CV) of the interspike interval density, for which scaling relations with respect to the input parameter and noise intensity are derived. Quadrature formulas for rate and CV are numerically evaluated and compared to numerical simulations of the system and to various approximation formulas obtained in different limiting cases of the model. We also show that caution must be used to extend these results to the Theta neuron model with multiplicative gaussian white noise. The correspondence between the first passage time statistics for the saddle-node model and the Theta neuron model is obtained only in the Stratonovich interpretation of the stochastic Theta neuron model, while previous results have focused only on the Ito interpretation. The correct Stratonovich interpretation yields CVs that are still relatively high, although smaller than in the Ito interpretation; it also produces certain qualitative differences, especially at larger noise intensities. Our analysis provides useful relations for assessing the distance to threshold and the level of synaptic noise in real type I neurons from their firing statistics. We also briefly discuss the effect of finite boundaries (finite values of threshold and reset) on the firing statistics.