gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection, binning, and analysis of defects in a GaN-on-Si process for High Brightness Light Emitting Diode's (2012)

High Brightness Light Emitting Diode's (HB-LED's) have received considerable attention during the last few years due to their utilization in numerous consumer products (automotive, displays, etc.). Recently, one of the largest emerging markets for HB-LED's is the lighting industry because of its lower power requirements and longer lifetime. One of the key limitations for its universal consumer adoption is its higher cost. If the cost for production of an HB-LED is broken up into materials and process steps the price of the sapphire substrate is noticed to be significantly higher than all the individual process and material steps. In such a circumstance the key to making HB-LED's cheaper is by substrate engineering. Another aspect of the cost is the fact that the traditional sapphire substrates are usually 2 or 4 inches. Therefore, a logical step forward is to move to bigger substrates where yield can be higher. To make this a reality different groups have been working on alternative cheaper and larger substrates (Si/Glass). However, before any technology becomes mature numerous reliability and yield issues need to be fixed. As part of process optimization identifying killer defects is critical. In order to do so we use the Candela platform from KLA Tencor to monitor our epitaxial process. Since, silicon wafers are one of the most common substrates available it obviously emerged as a first choice. We at IMEC have developed a GaN on Si process for making HB-LED's on 200mm Si (111) substrates. The control of the first epitaxial layers on Si is the key to a successful HB-LED fabrication. Lattice mismatch and thermal coefficient mismatch often lead to wafer bow and defect propagation to the p-GaN surface which can be detrimental to the IQE (Internal Quantum Efficiency). The goal of this work is to understand the different types of defect and the nature of their origin on a typical HB LED stack as well as the detection capability of the tool. Typical defects detected are the cracks/hexagonal defects/pits and particles. Defect data will be analyzed in terms of compressive or tensile stress in the film. This paper focuses on un-optimized EPI wafers in terms of stress/defectivity and crystalline quality to help define the correct inspection thresholds.
Electrochemical Abatement of Organic Pollutants in Continuous‐Reaction Systems through the Assembly of Microfluidic Cells in Series (2015)

Abstract The electrochemical treatment of wastewater contaminated by organic pollutants was performed under a continuous mode by using, for the first time, various micro‐electrochemical cells in series. A synthetic solution of acid orange 7 (AO7), a largely used azoic dye, was chosen as model wastewater. Both the electro‐Fenton (EF) method with a cheap compact graphite cathode and electrochemical oxidation (EO) at a boron‐doped diamond (BDD) anode were used. EO gave higher abatement of total organic carbon ( TOC ), but drastically higher energetic consumptions than EF. It is worth mentioning that very different operating conditions were set for EF and EO to optimize their performances. The utilization of three cells in series, all working with EO, allowed an increase in the abatement, but gave rise to quite high energetic consumptions. Conversely, in the case of EF, the utilization of three reactors in series gave rise to a slight increase in the abatement of the TOC , because of the formation of products that are resistant to EF. The utilization of two reactors in series, devoted respectively to EF and EO, each working at optimized operating conditions, gave very good figures of merit in terms of the abatement of TOC and energetic consumption. In particular, high abatement of TOC coupled with drastically lower energetic consumptions than that achieved by the sole EO process were obtained. The effects of current density, flow rate, and initial concentration of AO7 on the process were investigated.
Magnetic Properties of SrRuO3 and CaRuO3 (1968)

Magnetization measurements of SrRuO3 and CaRuO3 confirm that SrRuO3 is ferromagnetic with TC = (160±5) °K and that CaRuO3 has antiferromagnetic exchange interactions dominant. They further identify in CaRuO3 a Néel temperature TN = (110±10) °K and parasitic ferromagnetism below TN having a σ0 = (3.2±0.4) × 10−2 emu/g at 4.2°K. High-field (to 125 kOe) magnetization and neutron-diffraction data for SrRuO3 are consistent with a reduced spontaneous ferromagnetic moment μ0 = (1.4±0.4) μB and no ordered antiferromagnetic component. Resistivity measurements confirm a low resistivity (ρ&amp;lt;10−3Ω·cm) at room temperature having a metallic temperature coefficient. It is concluded that both compounds represent spontaneous collective-electron magnetism and that the reduced moment of SrRuO3 is due to holes in both the up-spin and down-spin bands. Antiferromagnetic CaRuO3 is predicted to have narrower ``4d'' bands.
Successful treatment of experimental glomerulonephritis with IdeS and EndoS, IgG-degrading streptococcal enzymes (2010)

IdeS degrades IgG bound to the GBM in vivo, thereby preventing renal damage in this animal model. Most likely, IdeS would degrade both circulating and kidney-bound anti-GBM in patients with Goodpasture's disease. Whether this would lead to a halt in disease progression and a better prognosis remains to be determined.
Supplementary Table 3 from MicroRNA Signatures in Human Ovarian Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from MicroRNA Signatures in Human Ovarian Cancer
Information Theoretic Performance of Periodogram-based CFO Estimation in\n Massive MU-MIMO Systems (2016)

In this paper, we study the information theoretic performance of the modified\ntime-reversal maximum ratio combining (TR-MRC) receiver (presented in [9]) with\nthe spatially averaged periodogram-based carrier frequency offset (CFO)\nestimator (proposed in [7]) in multi-user massive MIMO systems. Our analysis\nshows that an $\\mathcal{O}(\\sqrt{M})$ array gain is achieved with this\nperiodogram-based CFO estimator, which is same as the array gain achieved in\nthe ideal/zero CFO scenario ($M$ is the number of base station antennas).\nInformation theoretic performance comparison with the correlation-based CFO\nestimator for massive MIMO systems (proposed in [6]) reveals that this\nperiodogram-based CFO estimator is more energy efficient in slowly time-varying\nchannels.\n
Simultaneous Separation of Organic and Inorganic Acids by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis. Application to Wines and Fruit Juices (1997)

The simultaneous separation and determination of organic and inorganic acids were performed by capillary zone electrophoresis using indirect UV detection. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for the analysis of anions was less than 0.54% for the migration time and 1 to 4.25% for the peak area (n = 18). The detection limits were from 0.006 to 1.07 mg/L for the 11 anions (chloride, nitrate, sulfate, oxalate, tartrate, malate, succinate, citrate, phosphate, acetate, and lactate). This newly developed method is rapid, sensitive, and quantitative. Sample preparation is not time-consuming, and the method can be readily applied to food and beverage samples for quantitative analysis.
The events of primary T cell activation can be staged by use of Sepharose-bound anti-T3 (64.1) monoclonal antibody and purified interleukin 1. (1985)

A mitogenic anti-CD3 ("T3") monoclonal antibody (64.1), that stimulates polyclonal T cell activation by a mechanism believed to be similar to antigen via binding to the T cell receptor complex, was utilized in soluble (SOL) and Sepharose-bound (SEPH) forms to dissect the role of accessory cells (AC) and interleukin 1 (IL 1) in supporting T cell activation. The T cell activation pathway was dissected into "early" events including expression of interleukin 2 receptors (IL 2R), increased RNA content, IL 2 release, and "late" (DNA synthesis) events. Unseparated peripheral blood mononuclear cells progressed through all stages of activation when stimulated by either form of 64.1. Stringent AC depletion by plastic adherence, nylon wool adherence, and L-leucine methyl ester (selectively lyses AC) prevented early and late T cell responses to either form of 64.1. The addition of highly purified IL 1 replenished both early and late T cell responses to SEPH-64.1 but not to SOL-64.1. Although SOL-64.1 stimulation of purified T cells induced modulation of the CD3 complex, only SEPH-64.1 induced IL 1 responsiveness, and exogenous IL 1 was then able to support synthesis of RNA, secretion of IL 2, expression of IL 2R, and ultimately, DNA synthesis. Therefore, the stages of early T cell activation owing to stimulation of the CD3-T cell receptor complex and IL 1 responsiveness have been dissected.
Enhanced channel scanning schemes for next generation WLAN system (2012)

The IEEE 802.11 standard based Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) are widely deployed and have gained greater popularity. It is anticipated that WLAN will play an important rule in the future wireless communication systems in order to provide several gigabits data rate. However, it has been a challenging problem to support the IEEE 802.11 WLAN devices to fully exploit the high throughput gains offered by the IEEE 802.11 standard whenever possible since the current channel scanning mechanisms in standard may result in unacceptable delay for network discovery. In this work, we review the behavior of passive and active channel scanning schemes of the current IEEE 802.11 specification, and also propose two enhancements for the active scanning mechanism based on the draft of IEEE 802.11ai standard. The proposed schemes can reduce the overhead of transmitted management messages while improving the channel scanning performance. In addition, it can also increase the speed of discovery of APs before associating with one and enable more precise discovery operations. Through simulation study, it is shown that simulation results can explicitly verify our expectations on the superorities of the proposed schemes.
The Kinesin-like Motor Protein KIF1C Occurs in Intact Cells as a Dimer and Associates with Proteins of the 14-3-3 Family (1999)

Proteins of the kinesin superfamily are regulated in their motor activity as well as in their ability to bind to their cargo by carboxyl-terminal associating proteins and phosphorylation. KIF1C, a recently identified member of the KIF1/Unc104 family, was shown to be involved in the retrograde vesicle transport from the Golgi-apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. In a yeast two-hybrid screen using the carboxyl-terminal 350 amino acids of KIF1C as a bait, we identified as binding proteins 14-3-3 beta, gamma, epsilon, and zeta. In addition, a clone encoding the carboxyl-terminal 290 amino acids of KIF1C was found, indicating a potential for KIF1C to dimerize. Subsequent transient overexpression experiments showed that KIF1C can dimerize efficiently. However, in untransfected cells, only a small portion of KIF1C was detected as a dimer. The association of 14-3-3 proteins with KIF1C could be confirmed in transient expression systems and in untransfected cells and was dependent on the phosphorylation of serine 1092 located in a consensus binding sequence for 14-3-3 ligands. Serine 1092 was a substrate for the protein kinase casein kinase II in vitro, and inhibition of casein kinase II in cells diminished the association of KIF1C with 14-3-3gamma. Our data thus suggest that KIF1C can form dimers and is associated with proteins of the 14-3-3 family.
Motif-independent de novo detection of secondary metabolite gene clusters—toward identification from filamentous fungi (2015)

Secondary metabolites are produced mostly by clustered genes that are essential to their biosynthesis. The transcriptional expression of these genes is often cooperatively regulated by a transcription factor located inside or close to a cluster. Most of the secondary metabolism biosynthesis (SMB) gene clusters identified to date contain so-called core genes with distinctive sequence features, such as polyketide synthase (PKS) and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). Recent efforts in sequencing fungal genomes have revealed far more SMB gene clusters than expected based on the number of core genes in the genomes. Several bioinformatics tools have been developed to survey SMB gene clusters using the sequence motif information of the core genes, including SMURF and antiSMASH. More recently, accompanied by the development of sequencing techniques allowing to obtain large-scale genomic and transcriptomic data, motif-independent prediction methods of SMB gene clusters, including MIDDAS-M, have been developed. Most these methods detect the clusters in which the genes are cooperatively regulated at transcriptional levels, thus allowing the identification of novel SMB gene clusters regardless of the presence of the core genes. Another type of the method, MIPS-CG, uses the characteristics of SMB genes, which are highly enriched in non-syntenic blocks (NSBs), enabling the prediction even without transcriptome data although the results have not been evaluated in detail. Considering that large portion of SMB gene clusters might be sufficiently expressed only in limited uncommon conditions, it seems that prediction of SMB gene clusters by bioinformatics and successive experimental validation is an only way to efficiently uncover hidden SMB gene clusters. Here, we describe and discuss possible novel approaches for the determination of SMB gene clusters that have not been identified using conventional methods.
Poster: Electronic Structure, Lattice Dynamics, and Transport (2012)

The LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface provides an intriguing 2-dimensional electron system in which the coexistence of superconductivity and magnetism has been observed. This chapter presents preliminary results of ongoing angular dependent torque magnetometry measurements on SrTiO3-LaAlO3 heterostructures at different magnetic fields and temperatures. The authors have calculated the lattice thermal conductivity in layered oxide thermoelectric (TE) materials using perturbed molecular dynamics methods and tried to reveal the mechanisms of thermal conduction, thereby building up a strategy to control it. In order to achieve the next generation of nanometer sized electronic devices a detailed understanding and control of electrical transport is essential. The chapter reports on electronic transport measurements of biphenylpropanethiol (BP3) capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with a diameter of 4 nm used as functional units. Controlled Vocabulary Terms electronic structure; lattice dynamics; magnetic fields; superconductivity
Microvalve Enabled Digital Microfluidic Systems for High-Performance Biochemical and Genetic Analysis (2010)

Microfluidic devices offer unparalleled capability for digital microfluidic automation of sample processing and complex assay protocols in medical diagnostic and research applications. In our own work, monolithic membrane valves have enabled the creation of two platforms that precisely manipulate discrete, nanoliter-scale volumes of sample. The digital microfluidic Automaton uses two-dimensional microvalve arrays to combinatorially process nanoliter-scale sample volumes. This programmable system enables rapid integration of diverse assay protocols using a universal processing architecture. Microfabricated emulsion generator array (MEGA) devices integrate actively controlled 3-microvalve pumps to enable on-demand generation of uniform droplets for statistical encapsulation of microbeads and cells. A MEGA device containing 96 channels confers the capability of generating up to 3.4 × 10(6) nanoliter-volume droplets per hour for ultrahigh-throughput detection of rare mutations in a vast background of normal genotypes. These novel digital microfluidic platforms offer significant enhancements in throughput, sensitivity, and programmability for automated sample processing and analysis.
Enriching the Molecular Definition of the Airway “Field of Cancerization:” Establishing New Paradigms for the Patient at Risk for Lung Cancer (2012)

The "field of cancerization" refers to histologically normal-appearing tissue adjacent to neoplastic tissue that displays molecular abnormalities, some of which are the same as those of the tumor. Improving our understanding of these molecular events is likely to increase our understanding of carcinogenesis. Kadara and colleagues attempt to characterize the molecular events occurring temporally and spatially within the field of cancerization of patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following definitive surgery. They followed patients with bronchoscopies annually after tumor resection and extracted RNA from the serial brushings from different endobronchial sites. They then conducted microarray analysis to identify gene expression differences over time and in different sites in the airway. Candidate genes were found that may have biologic relevance to the field of cancerization. For example, expression of phosphorylated AKT and ERK1/2 was found to increase in the airway epithelium with time. Although there are limitations in the study design, this investigation demonstrates the utility of identifying molecular changes in histologically normal airway epithelium in lung cancer. In addition to increasing our understanding of lung cancer biology, studying the field of cancerization has the potential to identify biomarkers from samples obtained in a minimally invasive manner.
Adaptive Stopping Criterion for Fast Time Domain Characterization of Microwave Components (2009)

This letter proposes a novel adaptive stopping criterion that facilitates a fast time domain characterization of microwave components. By successively computing a rational macromodel based on time-limited transient responses of the microwave component under study, the proposed stopping criterion limits the number of time steps required to capture the frequency behavior up to a predefined accuracy level. Therefore, it is particularly useful for systems where the transient responses decay slowly.
A Jointly Learned Deep Architecture for Facial Attribute Analysis and Face Detection in the Wild (2017)

Facial attribute analysis in the real world scenario is very challenging mainly because of complex face variations. Existing works of analyzing face attributes are mostly based on the cropped and aligned face images. However, this result in the capability of attribute prediction heavily relies on the preprocessing of face detector. To address this problem, we present a novel jointly learned deep architecture for both facial attribute analysis and face detection. Our framework can process the natural images in the wild and our experiments on CelebA and LFWA datasets clearly show that the state-of-the-art performance is obtained.
Devices combining thin film inorganic LEDs with organic LEDs and fabrication thereof (2023)

Devices including organic and inorganic LEDs are provided. Techniques for fabricating the devices include fabricating an inorganic LED on a parent substrate and transferring the LED to a host substrate via a non-destructive ELO process. Scaling techniques are also provided, in which an elastomeric substrate is deformed to achieve a desired display size.
Folksonomication: Predicting Tags for Movies from Plot Synopses Using Emotion Flow Encoded Neural Network (2018)

Folksonomy of movies covers a wide range of heterogeneous information about movies, like the genre, plot structure, visual experiences, soundtracks, metadata, and emotional experiences from watching a movie. Being able to automatically generate or predict tags for movies can help recommendation engines improve retrieval of similar movies, and help viewers know what to expect from a movie in advance. In this work, we explore the problem of creating tags for movies from plot synopses. We propose a novel neural network model that merges information from synopses and emotion flows throughout the plots to predict a set of tags for movies. We compare our system with multiple baselines and found that the addition of emotion flows boosts the performance of the network by learning ~18\% more tags than a traditional machine learning system.
Fault tolerant capability of deadbeat - Direct torque and flux control for three-phase PMSM drives (2016)

This paper investigates the performance of a three phase permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive operating under a single fault, adopting a fault tolerant (FT) control, based on deadbeat — direct torque and flux control (DB-DTFC). DB-DTFC offers an independent regulation of the electromagnetic torque and the stator flux linkage by using a control law based on an inverse discrete time physical model. During fault conditions, the PMSM drive requires very limited hardware and software reconfigurations. The drive model equations result very similarly to those adopted for the healthy electric drive just by using a different matrix transformation set when the drive operates under a faulty condition. The proposed fault tolerant DB-DTFC ensures satisfactory faulty operations and drive stability, without increasing the computational efforts.
(Invited) P-Type III-Sb MOSFET on a Metamorphic Substrate: Towards All III-V CMOS (2014)

A study of lattice-mismatched epitaxial growth and related defects and their effects on electrical characteristics of hetero-epitaxial III-Sb films grown on Si is presented in this paper. Growth of 800 nm thick GaSb on Si results in a threading dislocation density of ~6x10 8 cm -2 ; density of planar defects such as microtwins of ~2x10 4 cm -1 and anti-phase domain boundaries on the order of ~10 4 cm -1 , respectively. High defect-related acceptor-type doping is also observed, the effect of which is to change polarity from n-type to p-type, whilst p-type MOS shows similar characteristics as grown on GaAs substrate. The main surface features of strained InGaSb layers grown on metamorphic AlSb or AlGaSb buffers on Si are elongated bumps due to microtwins: however, hole mobility of ~650 cm 2 /V-s has been obtained in a buried strained quantum well channel. In this work, we study the use of the migration enhanced epitaxy technique for the growth of AlSb seed layers on Si to improve InGaSb quality.
Nanoparticles for Selective Laser Desorption/Ionization in Mass Spectrometry (2008)

The selective desorption/ionization of analytes using nanomaterials is investigated using metallic nanoparticles. By replacing the sodium citrate capping of gold nanoparticles with self-assembled monolayers, we are able to both enhance analyte ionization and selectively capture analytes. Capping gold nanoparticles with a monolayer of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid enhances analyte ionization while greatly decreasing chemical noise resulting from alkali adducted species. Selective capture and sequential desorption/ionization of the peptide bradykinin (1–7) from a two peptide mixture is achieved using β-cyclodextrin capped gold nanoparticles. Finally, by switching from gold to silver nanoparticles, we are able to ionize both folic acid and amphotericin B. These results demonstrate that through careful control of nanoparticle surface chemistry and composition one can achieve selective analyte ionization for MS applications.
Photo-Effects in SiO2/GeO2 Waveguides (1992)

The so-called photorefractive effect in SiO2/GeO2 waveguide materials1 is initiated by exposure to ultaviolet radiation in the vicinity of 240nm. Absorption changes produced by this exposure contribute to a refractive index change at longer wavelengths, which can have device implications2 e.g., writing Bragg gratings in single-mode fibers for filters.