gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of surface properties of silica nanoparticles on their cytotoxicity and cellular distribution in murine macrophages (2011)

Surface properties are often hypothesized to be important factors in the development of safer forms of nanomaterials (NMs). However, the results obtained from studying the cellular responses to NMs are often contradictory. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the surface properties of silica nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity against a murine macrophage cell line (RAW264.7). The surface of the silica nanoparticles was either unmodified (nSP70) or modified with amine (nSP70-N) or carboxyl groups (nSP70-C). First, the properties of the silica nanoparticles were characterized. RAW264.7 cells were then exposed to nSP70, nSP70-N, or nSP70-C, and any cytotoxic effects were monitored by analyzing DNA synthesis. The results of this study show that nSP70-N and nSP70-C have a smaller effect on DNA synthesis activity by comparison to unmodified nSP70. Analysis of the intracellular localization of the silica nanoparticles revealed that nSP70 had penetrated into the nucleus, whereas nSP70-N and nSP70-C showed no nuclear localization. These results suggest that intracellular localization is a critical factor underlying the cytotoxicity of these silica nanoparticles. Thus, the surface properties of silica nanoparticles play an important role in determining their safety. Our results suggest that optimization of the surface characteristics of silica nanoparticles will contribute to the development of safer forms of NMs.
Enzyme-catalyzed polycondensation reactions for the synthesis of aromatic polycarbonates and polyesters (1999)

Aromatic polymers are widely used in products ranging from optical lenses to milk bottles because of their strength, thermal durability, and high glass transition temperatures. All of the commonly used routes employed to generate aromatic polycarbonates and polyesters generate large amounts of waste as by-products and require high energy input. For these reasons, alternate routes to aromatic polymers which involve either less energy input or less waste generation are being investigated. One such route may be enzymatic. Herein we describe enzyme-catalyzed AA-BB condensation polymerizations to form aromatic polycarbonates and polyesters with six different aromatic diols and molecular weights of up to 5,200 Daltons are generated. In addition, for reactions with benzenedimethanol the enzyme exhibits regioselectivity for parahydroxyls over meta- and orthohydroxyls.
The p75NTR-induced Apoptotic Program Develops through a Ceramide-Caspase Pathway Negatively Regulated by Nitric Oxide (1999)

SK-N-BE neuroblastoma cell clones transfected with p75(NTR) and lacking Trk neurotrophin receptors, previously reported to undergo extensive spontaneous apoptosis and to be protected by nerve growth factor (NGF) (Bunone, G., Mariotti, A., Compagni, A., Morandi, E., and Della Valle, G. (1997) Oncogene 14, 1463-1470), are shown to exhibit (i) increased levels of the pro-apoptotic lipid metabolite ceramide and (ii) high activity of caspases, the proteases of the cell death cascade. In the p75(NTR)-expressing cells, these parameters were partially normalized by prolonged NGF treatment, which, in addition, decreased apoptosis, similar to caspase blockers. Conversely, exogenous ceramide increased caspase activity and apoptosis in both wild-type and p75(NTR)-expressing cells. A new p75(NTR)-expressing clone characterized by low spontaneous apoptosis exhibited high endogenous ceramide and low caspase levels. A marked difference between the apoptotic and resistant clones concerned the very low and high activities of nitric-oxide (NO) synthase, respectively. Protection from apoptosis by NO was confirmed by results with the NO donor S-nitrosoacetylpenicillamine and the NO-trapping agent hemoglobin. We conclude that the p75(NTR) receptor, while free of NGF, triggers a cascade leading to apoptosis; the cascade includes generation of ceramide and increased caspase activity; and the protective role of NO occurs at step(s) in between the latter events.
Design of a modified monopole antenna for the quadband communication (2009)

A modified monopole antenna is proposed for multi-band personal wireless communication handsets with triple-resonant operation. This antenna consists of a main radiator, a bent tuning stub, an U-shaped slit, a shorting strip line, and a narrow resonant slit, and occupies a total volume of 36 times 15.8 times 6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The first resonant frequency is decided by the main radiator of the antenna, and the second one is controlled by the length of a bent tuning stub. The third resonant frequency is generated by inserting a narrow resonant slit in a perimeter of the main radiator. Three resonant frequencies of the designed antenna can be independently controlled by tuning the length of individual element of the proposed antenna. The bands of the implemented antenna are GSM900, DCS1800, US-PCS, and S-DMB.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymes as Catalysts in Carbohydrate Synthesis (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cancer-Associated Adipose Tissue Promotes Breast Cancer Progression by Paracrine Oncostatin M and Jak/STAT3 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Upper panels: Western blot analysis of E-cadherin, beta-catenin, vimentin, fibronectin, pancytokeratin and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Left panel: MCF-7 cells treated for 48h with control medium or CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt;. Right panel: MCF-7 cells stably transfected with GFP or OSM cDNA, or treated for 48h with rhOSM (1ng/ml). Tubulin serves as an internal control. Lower left panel: Confocal images of the F-actin cytoskeleton (red), nuclear staining DAPI (blue) and merged signals in MCF-7 cells treated for 48h with control medium or CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt; (scale bar is 20 μm) and confocal images of E-cadherin (green), beta-catenin (red) and merge signals with DAPI in MCF-7 cells treated for 48h with control medium or CM&lt;sup&gt;CAAT&lt;/sup&gt; (scale bar is 10 μm). Lower right panel: Immunohistochemical staining of MCF-7-GFP and MCF-7-OSM tumor xenografts for E-cadherin, vimentin, pancytokeratin and ERα (scale bar is 25 µm).&lt;/p&gt;
Event Cloud - Searching for Correlated Business Events (2007)

Market players that can respond to critical business events faster than their competitors will end up as winners in the fast moving economy. Event-based systems have been developed and used to implement networked and adaptive business environments based on loosely coupled systems. In this paper, we introduce Event Cloud, a system that allows searching for business events in a variety of contexts that also take the relationships between events into consideration. Event Cloud supports knowledge workers in their daily operations in order to perform investigations and analyses based on historical events. It enables users to search in large sets of historical events which are correlated and indexed in a data staging process with an easy-to-use search interface. For improving the search results, we propose an index based ranking system. We present an architecture for the Event Cloud system, which supports a continuous near real-time integration of business events with the aim of decreasing the time it takes to make them available for searching purposes. We have fully implemented the proposed architecture and discuss implementation details.
Contextual reprogramming of CAR-T cells for treatment of HER2+ cancers (2021)

As the first application of CRISPRi toward a clinically relevant product, RB-340-1 with the conditional, non-gene editing and reversible suppression promotes CAR-T cells resilience to checkpoint inhibition, and their persistence and effectiveness against HER2-expressing cancer xenografts.
Discovery and Metabolic Stabilization of Potent and Selective 2-Amino-N-(adamant-2-yl) Acetamide 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitors (2006)

Starting from a rapidly metabolized adamantane 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) inhibitor 22a, a series of E-5-hydroxy-2-adamantamine inhibitors, exemplified by 22d and (+/-)-22f, was discovered. Many of these compounds are potent inhibitors of 11beta-HSD1 and are selective over 11beta-HSD2 for multiple species (human, mouse, and rat), unlike other reported species-selective series. These compounds have good cellular potency and improved microsomal stability. Pharmacokinetic profiling in rodents indicated moderate to large volumes of distribution, short half-lives, and a pharmacokinetic species difference with the greatest exposure measured in rat with 22d. One hour postdose liver, adipose, and brain tissue 11beta-HSD1 inhibition was confirmed with (+/-)-22f in a murine ex vivo assay. Although 5,7-disubstitued-2-adamantamines provided greater stability, a single, E-5-position, polar functional group afforded inhibitors with the best combination of stability, potency, and selectivity. These results indicate that adamantane metabolic stabilization sufficient to obtain short-acting, potent, and selective 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors has been discovered.
A Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor (CSTR) Cascade for Handling Solid-Containing Photochemical Reactions (2019)

Visible-light photoredox reactions have been demonstrated to be powerful synthetic tools to access pharmaceutically relevant compounds. However, many photoredox reactions involve insoluble starting materials or products that complicate the use of continuous flow methods. By integrating a new solid-feeding strategy and a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) cascade, we realize a new solid-handling platform for conducting heterogeneous photoredox reactions in flow. Residence time distributions for single phase and solid particles characterize the hydrodynamics of the heterogeneous flow in the CSTR cascade. Silyl radical-mediated metallaphotoredox cross-electrophile coupling reactions with an inorganic base as the insoluble starting material demonstrate the use of the platform. Gram-scale synthesis is achieved in 13 h of stable operation.
Viral Gene Delivery: Optimized Protocol for Production of High Titer Lentiviral Vectors (2013)

HIV-derived lentiviral vectors (LVV) are among the most commonly used gene delivery vehicles. Their production in high quantities, which enables concentration of viral particles to high titers, is important for their successful application in both biomedical research and gene therapy. LVV are produced by co-transfection of three or more plasmids into a packaging cell line followed by several purification and concentration steps. Protocols currently in circulation differ from each other but the direct comparison of their efficacy based on the published information is extremely difficult because more than one variable may be changed and essential information may be omitted. We systematically evaluated three protocols and found that one single modification described here, using FuGene(®) 6 in the co-transfection step, increase LVV output almost 20 times as compared to the most commonly used calcium phosphate (CaPO4) transfection technique. Unexpectedly FuGene(®) 6 was also much more efficient than another widely used reagent, Superfect. Dependent on requirements, this permits a dramatic downscaling of the packaging stage of viral production, and/or super-concentration of LVV to achieve stronger expression. For example we were able to prepare ∼25 μL of high titer LVV suitable for injections into rodent brain using a single T75 cm(2) cell culture flask of packaging cells. The same output would require up to 20 times more packaging cells and reagents following conventional protocols. We illustrate the potential of our approach using transfection of primary neuronal cultures with LVV expressing an optogenetic actuator channelrhodopsin-2. Our observations should help to achieve reproducible production of high titer LVV for experimental and potential therapeutic applications.
<title>Signal enhancement in noise- and clutter-corrupted images using adaptive predictive filtering techniques</title> (1991)

The recovery of an original image from its corrupted version is of importance in a number of applications. The detection of small and dim targets is one such problem, requiring the enhancement of target signals and suppression of noise and clutter in the image. Conventional methods like matched filtering require a priori knowledge of the target intensity spread function, the clutter correlation characteristics, etc. These techniques are difficult to implement if the image is nonstationary. This paper describes an adaptive clutter whitening technique which increases signal detectability in colored noise and clutter. Signal enhancement is based on the intrinsic differences in the spatial extent of the target relative to the clutter. An adaptive spatial filter is used to whiten the clutter present in the image. The output of such an adaptive spatial filter, termed the adaptive clutter whitener (ACW), is then passed on to a matched filter based detector. The receiver operating characteristics are found using Monte- Carlo simulation techniques, both for the ACW augmented matched filter detector and a conventional matched filter detector. It is seen that for highly correlated clutter, the ACW augmented detector has a better ROC than one without a prewhitening filter.
Chip scale frequency combs and their stabilization (2008)

We demonstrate control and full stabilization of the carrier envelope offset frequency and mode spacing of a frequency comb generated in a monolithic microcavity. The comb lines relative deviation from equidistance is less than 7.3×10−18.
Annihilation of Threading Dislocations in Regrown GaN on Electrochemically Etched Nanoporous GaN Template with Optimization of Buffer Layer Growth (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stability of Carbenic and Alkenic Phosphorus Environments (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lipid nanoparticles incorporated with Ebola glycoprotein for induction of humoral immunity against Ebola infection. (2016)

Abstract The recent outbreaks of Ebola virus in Africa and isolated incidents in the U.S. have increased global attention and concern for this pathogen. The highly contagious nature and severe mortality rate of Ebola infection highlight the urgent need for an effective vaccine. To cull its spread, many vaccines are currently being tested in pre-clinical and clinical settings. Here, we report the development of a vaccine nanoparticle system that can safely elicit antibody responses and protect animals against Ebola viral challenge. We incorporated Ebola glycoprotein (GP) into lipid-based nanoparticles, called Interbilayer-crosslinked multilamellar vesicles (ICMVs), that were produced by fusing and crosslinking functionalized phospholipids. The resulting nanoparticles exhibited GP loading efficiency of 45–60 % with the particle diameter of approximately 350 nm. We observed strong binding of the murine mAbs 6D8 and 13C6, recognizing GP epitopes, on GP-ICMVs, indicating surface-bound GP in its natural configuration on ICMVs. C57BL/6 mice were immunized on days 0 and 21with 10 ug GP plus 2.5 ug monophosphoryl lipid A, a Toll-like receptor 4 agonist, in either ICMV or soluble formulations. Compared with the soluble GP+MPLA control, GP-ICMVs elicited 10-fold and 3-fold higher GP-specific IgG sera titers at two weeks post prime and boost, respectively. Vaccinated mice were challenged with 1000 p.f.u. of mouse adapted Ebola virus on day 28 after vaccination. All mice immunized with ICMVs survived up to 21 days post challenge, compared with 60 % survival for mice immunized with the GP+MPLA formulation. These preliminary experiments show strong elicitation of protective immunity however more research is needed to determine real world efficacy.
Immunosuppressive factors in pregnancy serum: A preliminary report. (1980)

A serum component with suppressive activity on human lymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin was examined in pregnancy serum. No correlation could be found between the elevated level of alpha-2AP glycoprotein and the immunosuppressive activity. The active constituent was isolated by ultracentrifugation, salt fractionation, ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration. The immunosuppressive activity was found to be associated with alpha-globulin which consisted of neither lipoprotein nor alpha-2-AP glycoprotein. In terms of its antigenicity, the active fraction was found to be a mixture of 5 components.
Partial intercalation with DNA of peptides containing two aromatic amino acids (1991)

The interactions with DNA of tetrapeptide amides containing lysine at the N-terminal position and aromatic amino acids at the second and fourth positions (Ala at position three), 1-6, have been investigated by nmr, CD, and viscometric methods. Tetrapeptides with N-terminal lysine and a single aromatic amino acid, 7-10, were investigated as controls. Significant decreases in DNA viscosity occurred on addition of 7, with the aromatic group at the second position, but not with any of the other single aromatic amino acid peptides. All of the tetrapeptides with two aromatic groups caused DNA viscosity decreases which were two to three times larger than with 7. Peptides with p-nitrophenylalanine (p-NO2Phe) as the aromatic group were synthesized for nmr studies because of its simpler aromatic nmr spectrum relative to Phe. Large upfield shifts of the aromatic proton signals were obtained when the amino acid in the second position was L-p-NO2Phe, and the fourth position contained either p-NO2Phe or Phe. Such peptides also caused the largest DNA viscosity decreases on complex formation. Smaller upfield shifts of the aromatic signals were obtained when the amino acid in the second position was L-Phe or a D isomer of Phe or p-NO2Phe. With all peptides, larger upfield nmr shifts were obtained with heat-denatured, recooled DNA than with native DNA under the same conditions. As with nmr, CD results are quite different for the peptides with L and D amino acids at the second position. All of the results can be interpreted in terms of a model in which lysine interacts stereospecifically with the backbone in a DNA double helix and the aromatic group at the second position stacks strongly with the base pairs when the amino acid is an L isomer. The aromatic group at the fourth position can also interact with the base pairs, but primarily through a sideways stacking of the aromatic group with base pairs for either L or D isomers. Because of covalent constraints on the separation distance for the two aromatic groups in the tetrapeptides, they must stack on opposite sides of the same base pair in violation of the neighbor exclusion principle observed with classical intercalators. This stacking at the same base pair no doubt accounts for the larger viscosity decreases in DNA with the peptides containing two aromatic groups relative to those with a single aromatic group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydroisoquinolines by enzymatic Pictet–Spengler reaction (2014)

Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS) catalyzes the stereoselective Pictet-Spengler reaction between dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde as the first step of benzylisoquinoline alkaloid synthesis in plants. Recent studies suggested that NCS shows relatively relaxed substrate specificity toward aldehydes, and thus, the enzyme can serve as a tool to synthesize unnatural, optically active tetrahydroisoquinolines. In this study, using an N-terminally truncated NCS from Coptis japonica expressed in Escherichia coli, we examined the aldehyde substrate specificity of the enzyme. Herein, we demonstrate the versatility of the enzyme by synthesizing 6,7-dihydroxy-1-phenethyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline and 6,7-dihydroxy-1-propyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline in molar yields of 86.0 and 99.6% and in enantiomer excess of 95.3 and 98.0%, respectively. The results revealed the enzyme is a promising catalyst that functions to stereoselectively produce various 1-substituted-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines.
Maximizing the Lifetime of Dominating Sets (2005)

We investigate the problem of maximizing the lifetime of wireless ad hoc and sensor networks. Being battery powered, nodes in such networks have to perform their intended task under rigid energy restrictions that forces the designers to impose a judicious power management and scheduling. For the purpose of saving energy, dominating set based clustering has turned out to be a useful and generic concept in such networks. In data gathering applications, for example, only nodes in the dominating set must be active, while all other nodes can remain in the energy-efficient sleep mode. Prolonging the duration of such a dominating set based clustering is a key algorithmic challenge. In this paper, we define the maximum cluster-lifetime problem which asks for a schedule that maximizes the time the network is clustered by a dominating set. We give approximation algorithms with an approximation ratio of O(log n) for several variants of the maximum cluster-lifetime problem. Our approach is based on results given in a paper by Feige, Ilalldorsson, Kortsarz, and Srinivasan on the domatic partition problem.
Health-Related Quality of Life in Cushing Disease: Discrepancy Between Parent and Child Reports (2021)

Abstract Background: Previously we reported impairment in quality of life (QoL) measures in children with Cushing disease (CD) by parent proxy; however, little is known about QoL measures from the affected child’s perspective. Method: Prospective study of 48 (26 females, Age:11.5±3.0 yr.) children diagnosed with CD. Prior to treatment, the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ) was used to assess QoL by parent (proxy) and child report. Results: In children with active CD, there was a discrepancy between parent and child responses for mental health and self-esteem subscales. Child responses were significantly lower than parent responses (lower scores indicate poorer function) for mental health (56 ± 2 vs. 67 ± 2, p&amp;lt0.001) and self-esteem (32.8 ±3 vs. 60.5 ±3, p&amp;lt0.001). No significant differences were found between parent vs.child report for other subscale scores of the CHQ. Conclusion: This is the first study to compare child vs. parent report of health-related quality of life children with active CD. Parent reports underestimated the impact of CD on quality of life measures for mental health and self-esteem. It is important for clinicians to obtain information about health-related quality of life from the child’s perspective in order to guide management and take precautionary measures to alleviate negative outcomes.