gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Conformational Studies and Mannosidase Stability of a Mimic of 1,2‐Mannobioside (2004)

Abstract Dimethyl (1 S ,2 S ,4 S ,5 S )‐4‐allyloxy‐5‐(α‐mannosyloxy)cyclohexane‐1,2‐dicarboxylate ( 3) was designed as a structural mimic of α(1,2)mannobioside ( 1 ). Its synthesis and structural analysis by NMR spectroscopy and molecular modelling are described. The results show that 3 , like 1 , populates two low‐energy conformations — stacked ( S ) and extended ( E ) — that are in fast dynamic equilibrium around the glycosidic linkage. Thus, the data confirm the expectation that the pseudo‐disaccharide can be used as a structural mimic of mannobioside. The mannosidase stability of 3 was found to be significantly higher (sixfold) than that of natural mannobioside. This is a very useful feature of this mimic and is encouraging for its future development. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
The Chemistry and Physical Properties of Structural Adhesives (2021)

No AccessAdhesion and Adhesives TechnologyMar 2021The Chemistry and Physical Properties of Structural AdhesivesAlphonsus V. PociusAlphonsus V. Pociushttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908501.008SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2021Pages: 223-262Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-855-6eISBN: 978-1-56990-850-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2021 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Topology optimized nanoparticles for near-infrared enhanced photon upconversion (2017)

This work is a part of the SunTune project which addresses efficiency improvements of solar modules by manipulating the spectrum of sunlight to better match the range of efficient current generation in silicon solar cells. Photons with energies below the band gap energy of silicon (<1.1eV) are (up)converted into photons with higher energies through absorption in rare earth ions (Er3+) followed by radiative decay.This process converts otherwise non-absorbed long wavelength photos to shorter wavelength photons able to bridge the band gap energy and contribute to the energy generation of the solar modules. The upconversion process is naturally inefficient,and without any enhancement of the incident light, the process is negligible. The probability for upconversion can be increased by focusing the incident light into areas doped with Er3+ions, using optimized nanoparticles placed into or near these areas. Studies have shown that the intensity of the upconverted light is proportional to the intensity of the incident light raised to some power, n, [1]. Experimentally n is found to be 1.5 and the light intensity is proportional to the square of the electric field norm, |E|2. We aim to enhance the incident light using topology optimized nanoparticles. Here, the distribution of nanoparticle material is optimized to enhance |E|3 in a thin Er3+ doped TiO2 film. Topology optimization has previously proven successful for optimizing wave propagation in acoustics [2] and electromagnetics [3,4]. The governing physics is modeled classically using Maxwell equations in the frequency domain.The model is excited by an incoming plane wave with a wave length, within the near-infrared absorption band of Er3+ (1480nm -1560nm).
High Rates of Durable Responses With Anti-CD22 Fractionated Radioimmunotherapy: Results of a Multicenter, Phase I/II Study in Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2010)

Fractionated anti-CD22 radioimmunotherapy provides high total doses of (90)Y, yielding high rates of durable CR/CRus in relapsed/refractory NHL, resulting in 20 mCi/m(2) x 2 weeks as the recommended dose for future studies.
(Invited) Scaling FETs to 10 nm: Coulomb Effects, Source Starvation, and Virtual Source (2010)

In our attempts to scale FETs to the 10 nm length, alternatives to conventional Si CMOS are sought on the grounds that: 1. Si seems to have reached its technological and performance limits and 2. The use of alternative high-mobility channel materials will provide the missing performance. With the help of numerical simulations here we establish the reasons why indeed Si seems to have hit a performance barrier and whether high-mobility semiconductors can indeed grant us our wishes. We discuss the effect of long- and short-range electron-electron interactions in connection with a recent analysis of the historical performance trends. The density-of-states (DOS) bottleneck and source starvation issues is also reviewed to see what advantage alternative substrates may bring us. Finally, the well-known 'virtual source model' is analyzed to assess whether it can be used as a quantitative tool to guide us to the 10 nm gate length.
601 Improvement in Crashworthiness of Origami Structure in case of Oblique Offset Impact (2005)

Tubes based on Origami structure are considered to be advantageous to pedestrian and/or low speed Vehicle collision problems, and we examine its crashworthiness by finite element method simulation. As a result, we find out that Origami structures canot be folded completely in some cases. And if the fold is incompletely, the crashworthiness becomes worse. So here we examine in which case Origami structure can be folded completely.
SPIN-SURFING THE SPACE–TIME FOAM (2010)

We present the quantum spin as a novel test tool for probing directly the Planck scale space–time foam of quantum gravity. Quantum fluctuations of spatial support for the electric vector associated with the spin-one photon affect its polarization sufficiently to allow us to gain deep insights and unprecedented constraints on the most important and fundamental aspect of quantum gravity — the fluctuating structure of space–time with a Planck scale three-dimensional web. We show that the survival of strong polarization of X-rays and gamma rays from the Crab Nebula rejects the conventional space–time foam at Planck length scale and constrains the microscopic scale of quantum gravitational fluctuations to below 2 × 10 -8 l P .
Prolyl Hydroxylase Domain Protein 2 Plays a Critical Role in Diet-Induced Obesity and Glucose Intolerance (2013)

PHD2 in adipose tissue plays a critical role in the development of diet-induced obesity and glucose intolerance. PHD2 might be a novel target molecule for the treatment of obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities.
Interacting genetic loci cause airway hyperresponsiveness (2005)

Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is a key physiological component of asthma, and the genetic basis of this complex trait has remained elusive. We created recombinant congenic mice with increased naive AHR by serially backcrossing A/J mice (which have elevated naive AHR) with C57BL/6J mice and selecting for mice with an elevated naive AHR phenotype. The seventh backcross-generation hyperresponsive mice retained A/J loci in three regions. Quantitative trait linkage (QTL) analysis of 123 unselected N8 progeny demonstrated that the AHR phenotype was not associated with any single locus but was significantly associated with an interaction of loci on chromosomes 2 and 6. These findings were confirmed in an independent analysis of chromosome substitution strain mice. The identification of genomic regions containing loci causally associated with AHR and the demonstration that this trait requires their interaction have important implications for the dissection of the genetic etiology of asthma in humans.
A protein associated with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 (PRAT4A) is required for TLR-dependent immune responses (2007)

Immune cells express multiple Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that are concomitantly activated by a variety of pathogen products. Although there is presumably a need to coordinate the expression and function of TLRs in individual cells, little is known about the mechanisms governing this process. We show that a protein associated with TLR4 (PRAT4A) is required for multiple TLR responses. PRAT4A resides in the endoplasmic reticulum, and PRAT4A knockdown inhibited trafficking of TLR1 and TLR4 to the cell surface and ligand-induced trafficking of TLR9 to lysosomes. Other cell-surface molecules were expressed normally on immunocytes from PRAT4A-/- mice. There was impaired cytokine production to TLR ligands, except to the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C), and to whole bacteria. Activation of antigen-specific T helper type 1 responses were also defective. Moreover, PRAT4A-/- bone marrow chimeric mice were resistant to lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis. These results suggest that PRAT4A regulates the subcellular distribution and response of multiple TLRs and is required for both innate and adaptive immune responses.
On the usage of receive antenna subset selection algorithm in DSTBC based MIMO systems (2009)

This paper addresses the employment of an antenna subset selection algorithm for differential space-time block codes (DSTBC). The antenna subset selection is based on maximizing the Frobenius norm of the channel matrix. The performance of the algorithm over Rayleigh and Rician slow fading channel is investigated comprehensively. The performance of the algorithm is compared with the optimal algorithm and the reason of the difference is investigated. In addition, the effect of K-factor of Rician channel on the performance of antenna subset selection is studied. The simulation results show a significant improvement in using antenna selection for DSTBCs as a means of decreasing bit-error-rate (BER) by increasing diversity gain.
Secretome Analysis of Clavibacter nebraskensis Strains Treated with Natural Xylem Sap In Vitro Predicts Involvement of Glycosyl Hydrolases and Proteases in Bacterial Aggressiveness (2021)

The Gram-positive bacterium <i>Clavibacter nebraskensis</i> (Cn) causes Goss's wilt and leaf blight on corn in the North American Central Plains with yield losses as high as 30%. Cn strains vary in aggressiveness on corn, with highly aggressive strains causing much more serious symptoms and damage to crops. Since Cn inhabits the host xylem, we investigated differences in the secreted proteomes of Cn strains to determine whether these could account for phenotypic differences in aggressiveness. Highly and a weakly aggressive Cn strains (Cn14-15-1 and DOAB232, respectively) were cultured, in vitro, in the xylem sap of corn (CXS; host) and tomato (TXS; non-host). The secretome of the Cn strains were extracted and processed, and a comparative bottom-up proteomics approach with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine their identities and concentration. Relative quantitation of peptides was based on precursor ion intensities to measure protein abundances. In total, 745 proteins were identified in xylem sap media. In CXS, a total of 658 and 396 proteins were identified in strains Cn14-5-1 and DOAB232, respectively. The unique and the differentially abundant proteins in the secretome of strain Cn14-5-1 were higher in either sap medium compared to DOAB232. These proteins were sorted using BLAST2GO and assigned to 12 cellular functional processes. Virulence factors, e.g., cellulase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, chitinase, β-1,4-xylanase, and proteases were generally higher in abundance in the aggressive Cn isolate. This was corroborated by enzymatic activity assays of cellulase and protease in CXS. These proteins were either not detected or detected at significantly lower abundance levels in Cn strains grown in non-host xylem sap (tomato), suggesting potential factors involved in Cn-host (corn) interactions.
Adverse events across generations of bone-modifying agents in patients with solid tumor cancers reported in Phase III randomized trials (2012)

While adverse effects are consistently experienced more frequently in patients receiving bone-modifying agents when compared with placebos, we find that the majority of individual side effects are not significantly more frequent in patients receiving bone-modifying agents compared with placebo.
GPS Civil Signal Self-Interference Mitigation During Weak Signal Acquisition (2007)

Current global positioning system receivers can acquire weak satellite signals with if there is C/N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> = 15 dB/Hz if there is no self-interference from other strong satellite signals. This correspondence presents a computational efficient partitioned subspace projection method to mitigate the self-interference. The method is evaluated using simulated signals and a block-based weak signal acquisition algorithm.
Giant nonlinear frequency shift in epsilon-near-zero aluminum zinc oxide thin films (2018)

Degenerate pump/probe experiments have been performed on aluminum zinc oxide thin films at their epsilon-near-zero wavelength. A remarkable spectral shift of the reflected beam is reported to be approximately twice the pulse bandwidth.
Vestibularisschwannome – Basis- und Verlaufsdiagnostik (2022)

Vestibular (vestibulocochlear) schwannomas are rare, benign schwannomas of the cerebellopontine angle, the internal auditory canal, or the inner ear. They can occur with or without clinical symptoms. The most common symptoms are unilateral or side-differentiated hearing loss with or without tinnitus and balance disorders. Initial symptomatology is nonspecific in the basic functional diagnosis, raising the question of when a hearing or balance disorder should be thought of as a differential diagnosis of vestibular schwannoma and what diagnostic pathway is appropriate. This concerns not only the confirmation of the diagnosis and the recording of all dysfunctions of the involved cranial nerves in the initial basic diagnostics, but also the procedure in the course and follow-up diagnostics - especially in patients who are subject to an observation strategy. Today, imaging alone is no longer sufficient for differentiated and individualized patient counseling. Due to the increasing detection of smaller tumors on MRI and the growing proportion of nearly asymptomatic patients, a shift in thinking from pure imaging monitoring to a detailed analysis of auditory and vestibular function is timely. In this educational article, diagnostic pathways for a sufficient patient consultation will be compiled. Ultimately, functional examination techniques from follow-up and progression diagnostics will also be included.
Multiportal Robotic Access to theAnterior Cranial Fossa: A Surgicaland Engineering Feasibility Study (2013)

Objective. Integration of robotic surgical technology into skull base surgery is limited due to minimum angle requirements between robotic tools (narrow funnel effect), steep angle of approach, and instrumentation size. The objectives of this study were to systematically analyze surgical approach portals using a computer model, determine optimal approaches, and assess feasibility of the derived approaches on robotic surgical systems.

Study Design. Computer analysis on 10 computed tomography scans was performed to determine approach trajectories, angles between robotic tools, and distances to specified skull base target locations for transorbital and transnasal surgical approach portals. Setting. Dry laboratory and cadaver laboratory.

Subjects and Methods. The optimal combinations were tested on the da Vinci and Raven robotic systems.

Results. Multiportal analyses showed the angles between 2 robotic tools were 14.7, 28.3, and 52.0 degrees in the cases of 2 transnasal portals, combined transnasal and medial orbit portals, and bilateral superior orbit portals, respectively, approaching a prechiasmatic target. The addition of medial and superior transorbital portals improved the skull base trajectory angles 21 and 27 degrees, respectively. Two robotic tools required an angle of at least 20 degrees between them to function effectively at skull base targets.

Conclusion. Technical feasibility of robotic transorbital and transnasal approaches to access sella and parasellar target locations was demonstrated. This technique addresses the 2 major drawbacks of (1) the narrow funnel effect generated from portals in close proximity and (2) the steep angle of approach to the skull base, as observed in previous studies analyzing trans-oral, transcervical, transmaxillary, and transhyoid portals.
Control of tool/workpiece contact force with application to robotic deburring (1987)

The design and implementation of a microprocessor-based system to control the interaction forces between a five-axis articulated robot and a workpiece is described. The control system worked in parallel with a robot controller by calculating position corrections that allowed forces to be controlled in the desired manner. These corrections were successfully interfaced to the controller's position control loop on an individual-axis level. Stable force-control algorithms were designed in spite of limitations imposed by flexibility in the robot drive train. For multi-degree-of-freedom force control, it is shown that each axis can be considered autonomous, obviating the need for a multivariable approach. Force control was implemented in both edge following and deburring experiments. In edge following, the commanded normal force ranged from 1 to 15 N, while the root mean square (rms) force errors remained constant. Errors increased from 0.5 to 1.5 N rms as tangential speed was increased from 1 to 9 cm s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> . The performance of the force control system during deburring operations was characterized across the full force and speed range of the cutting tools used. The smoothness of cut was shown to be consistent with manual deburring operations in terms of optimal feed and metal removal rates.
Small molecules targeting the vanilloid receptor complex as drugs for inflammatory pain (2003)

Inflammatory pain is a condition caused by tissue injury and requires efficient drug treatment. The identification and cloning of the vanilloid receptor TRPV1 represents a significant step in the clarification of the molecular mechanisms underlying transduction of noxious chemical and thermal stimuli by peripheral nociceptors. Because of its central implication in hyperalgesia, the TRPV1 receptor has emerged as a key therapeutic target for inflammatory pain management. Modulators of the TRPV1 receptor complex are considered to be useful and selective painkillers. The challenge, however, is to develop receptor-selective drugs that preserve the physiological activity of TRPV1 receptors while correcting those contributing to pathology. Thus, normal proprioceptive and nociceptive responses that represent a safety mechanism to prevent tissue injury must be preserved.
CaMKII Phosphorylates Phospholamban via an Ordered Sequential Kinetic Mechanism (2009)

Many of the cellular responses to Ca ++ signal are modulated by a family of multifunctional Ca ++ /calmodulin dependent protein kinases (CaMKs): CaMKI, CaMKII and CaMKIV. CaMKII has an autoregulatory domain that restricts enzyme activity in the absence of Ca ++ /CaM. Ca ++ /CaM binding alone produce maximal activity of CaMKII, whereas CaMKI and CaMKIV have an activation loop that requires phosphorylation by an upstream CaMK kinase for maximal activity. In addition to its role in memory and other neuronal functions, CaMKII appears to mediate many of the pathologic changes that occur during cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. In order to further understand the role of CaMKII, we investigated the kinetic mechanism of CaMKII (IIα, IIβ, IIδ, IIγ) in comparison with those of CaMKI and CaMKIV by analyzing their steady state kinetics using phospholamban as a phosphoacceptor. The results indicated that (a) CaMK family's reaction mechanisms were of the sequential type in which all substrates must bind to enzyme before any product is released; (b) While CaMKIIs catalyzed Ordered Bi Bi reaction where phospholamban was the first substrate to bind and ADP was the last product to be released, CaMKI and CaMKIV exhibited random sequential mechanism where either phospholamban and ATP can bind to the free enzyme and (c) Constant α (ratio of apparent dissociation constants for binding peptide in the presence and absence of the second ligand) of all isozymes for ATP and peptide was higher than 1 indicating that the binding of phospholamban to CaMK decreased its affinities toward ATP. Our results suggested a unique kinetic mechanism for CaMKIIs in which peptide substrate binding may be an initiating factor for the catalysis and may play a role in the regulation of the enzyme activity in cells.
Improved performance of traveling wave directional coupler modulator based on electro-optic polymer (2014)

Polymer based electro-optic modulators have shown great potentials in high frequency analog optical links. Existing commercial LiNibO3 Mach-Zehnder modulators have intrinsic drawbacks in linearity to provide high fidelity communication. In this paper, we present the design, fabrication and characterization of a traveling wave directional coupler modulator based on electro-optic polymer, which is able to provide high linearity, high speed, and low optical insertion loss. A silver ground electrode is used to reduce waveguide sidewall roughness due to the scattering of UV light in photolithography process in addition to suppressing the RF loss. A 1-to-2 multi-mode interference 3dB-splitter, a photobleached refractive index taper and a quasi-vertical taper are used to reduce the optical insertion loss of the device. The symmetric waveguide structure of the MMI-fed directional coupler is intrinsically bias-free, and the modulation is obtained at the 3-dB point regardless of the ambient temperature. By achieving low RF loss, characteristic impedance matching with 50Ω load, and excellent velocity matching between the RF wave and the optical wave, a travelling wave electrode is designed to function up to 62.5GHz. Domain-inversion poling with push-pull configuration is applied using alternating pulses on a 2-section directional-coupler to achieve a spurious free dynamic range of 110dB/Hz2/3. The 3-dB electrical bandwidth of device is measured to be 10GHz.
The NS2 Protein of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Suppresses the Cytotoxic T-Cell Response as a Consequence of Suppressing the Type I Interferon Response (2006)

The NS1 and NS2 proteins of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) have been shown to antagonize the type I interferon (IFN) response, an effect subject to host range constraints. We have now found that the HRSV NS2 protein strongly controls IFN induction in mouse cells in vitro, validating the use of the mouse model to study the consequences of these gene deletions on host immunity. We evaluated the effects of deleting the NS1 and/or NS2 gene on the induction of HRSV-specific pulmonary cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in BALB/c and 129S6 mice in response to intranasal infection with HRSV lacking the NS1 and/or NS2 gene and subsequent challenge with wild-type (wt) HRSV. In mice infected with HRSV lacking the NS2 gene (DeltaNS2) or lacking the NS2 gene in combination with the NS1 gene (DeltaNS1/2 HRSV), the magnitude of the pulmonary CTL response was substantially elevated compared to that of mice infected with wt HRSV or the DeltaNS1 mutant, whether measured by binding of CD8(+) cells to an HRSV-specific major histocompatibility complex class I tetramer, by measurement of CD8(+) cells secreting gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) in response to specific in vitro stimulation, or by a standard chromium release cell-killing assay. In contrast, in STAT1 knockout mice, which lack responsiveness to type I IFN, the level of IFN-gamma-secreting CD8(+) cells was not significantly different for HRSV lacking the NS2 gene, suggesting that the increase in CTL observed in IFN-responsive mice is type I IFN dependent. Thus, the NS2 protein of HRSV suppresses the CTL component of the adaptive immune response, and this appears to be a consequence of its suppression of type I IFN.