gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EMI Filter Design for a Three-Phase Buck–Boost Y-Inverter VSD With Unshielded Motor Cables Considering IEC 61800-3 Conducted and Radiated Emission Limits (2021)

The standard converter concept employed in variable speed motor drives is the two-level three-phase Si insulated-gate bipolar transistor voltage source inverter with its switch nodes connected to the motor terminals via shielded cables to avoid excessive high-frequency noise emissions. However, high dv/dt pulses of the inverter pose substantial stresses on the motor, which are further intensified by the ever-faster switching speeds of wide band-gap semiconductors, hence promoting interest in inverters with full-sinewave output filters, which potentially enable the use of inexpensive unshielded motor cables. However, the IEC 61800-3 standard dictates stringent conducted and radiated emission limits on unscreened power interfaces. In this article, a dc input and ac output filter structure allowing operation with unshielded cables is derived for a phase-modular 11-kW buck-boost Y-inverter motor drive system employing 1.2-kV SiC MOSFETs with a switching frequency of 100 kHz. First, regulations and measurement techniques for conducted and radiated emissions of motor drives are analyzed. Next, the operating principle of the Y-inverter is described and an electromagnetic interference equivalent circuit is derived, followed by a systematic filter design. Finally, measurements are conducted on an ultracompact hardware prototype of the converter system with 12 kW/dm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> (197 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) power density, where the results indicate full compliance with the IEC 61800-3 conducted and radiated emission limits for operation with unshielded dc supply and motor cables in a residential area.
Spectral confocal reflection microscopy using a white light source (2008)

We present a reflection confocal microscope incorporating a white light supercontinuum source and spectral detection. The microscope provides images resolved spatially in three-dimensions, in addition to spectral resolution covering the wavelength range 450-650 nm. Images and reflection spectra of artificial and natural specimens are presented, showing features that are not normally revealed in conventional microscopes or confocal microscopes using discrete-line lasers. The specimens include thin film structures on semiconductor chips, iridescent structures in Papilio blumei butterfly scales, nacre from abalone shells and opal gemstones. Quantitative size and refractive index measurements of transparent beads are derived from spectral interference bands.
Steroidogenesis in Peripheral and Transition Zones of Human Prostate Cancer Tissue (2021)

The peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) represent about 70% of the human prostate gland with each zone having differential ability to develop prostate cancer. Androgens and their receptor are the primary driving cause of prostate cancer growth and eventually castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). De novo steroidogenesis has been identified as a key mechanism that develops during CRPC. Currently, there is very limited information available on human prostate tissue steroidogenesis. The purpose of the present study was to investigate steroid metabolism in human prostate cancer tissues with comparison between PZ and TZ. Human prostate cancer tumors were procured from the patients who underwent radical prostatectomy without any neoadjuvant therapy. Human prostate homogenates were used to quantify steroid levels intrinsically present in the tissues as well as formed after incubation with 2 µg/mL of 17-hydroxypregnenolone (17-OH-pregnenolone) or progesterone. A Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to a Quattro Premier XE tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer using a C<sub>18</sub> column was used to measure thirteen steroids from the classical and backdoor steroidogenesis pathways. The intrinsic prostate tissue steroid levels were similar between PZ and TZ with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), pregnenolone and 17-OH-pregnenolone levels higher than the other steroids measured. Interestingly, 5-pregnan-3,20-dione, 5-pregnan-3-ol-20-one, and 5-pregnan-17-ol-3,20-dione formation was significantly higher in both the zones of prostate tissues, whereas, androstenedione, testosterone, DHT, and progesterone levels were significantly lower after 60 min incubation compared to the 0 min control incubations. The incubations with progesterone had a similar outcome with 5-pregnan-3,20-dione and 5-pregnan-3-ol-20-one levels were elevated and the levels of DHT were lower in both PZ and TZ tissues. The net changes in steroid formation after the incubation were more observable with 17-OH-pregnenolone than with progesterone. In our knowledge, this is the first report of comprehensive analyses of intrinsic prostate tissue steroids and precursor-driven steroid metabolism using a sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay. In summary, the PZ and TZ of human prostate exhibited similar steroidogenic ability with distinction in the manner each zone utilizes the steroid precursors to divert the activity towards backdoor pathway through a complex matrix of steroidogenic mechanisms.
An antisense oligonucleotide targeted to human Ku86 messenger RNA sensitizes M059K malignant glioma cells to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and etoposide but not DNA cross-linking agents. (2002)

Ku is a heterodimer of M(r) 70,000 and M(r) 86,000 subunits. It binds with strong affinity to DNA ends and is indispensable for nonhomologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) and V(D)J recombination. In this study, we investigated whether down-regulation of the Ku86 gene, by 2'-O-methoxyethyl/uniform phosphorothioate chimeric antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), increases the sensitivity of the DNA-protein kinase catalytic subunit (PKcs)-proficient human glioma cell line (M059K), and its isogenic DNA-PKcs-deficient counterpart (M059J), to ionizing radiation and anticancer drugs. Transfection of these cell lines with 200 nM Ku86 antisense ASOs was associated with a specific decrease in Ku86 mRNA levels (IC(50) <25 nM; n = 3) and a concomitant rapid decrease (<10% of control) in Ku86 protein expression. Moreover, transfection of M059K cells with Ku86 antisense ASOs markedly increased cell death after treatment with ionizing radiation, bleomycin, and etoposide. However, no sensitization to the DNA cross-linking agents chlorambucil and cisplatin was observed after Ku86 antisense transfection. As expected, transfection of M059J cells with Ku86 antisense ASOs did not result in any sensitization to ionizing radiation, bleomycin, or DNA cross-linking agents, but there was a 2-fold increase in sensitivity to etoposide. Thus, our results indicate that antisense ASOs targeted against Ku86 may increase the efficacy of radiotherapy and DNA-damaging agents in tumor treatment. Furthermore, Ku86 antisense ASOs may be used to create a temporal knockout in different human cell lines to further investigate the biological roles of Ku86.
High Performance Colorimetric Carbon Monoxide Sensor for Continuous Personal Exposure Monitoring (2018)

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a highly poisonous gas, which can cause serious health risk. CO monitoring helps protect us from excessive exposure at home and in the workplace, and reduce occupation-related health risks for workers. Conventional electrochemical and metal oxide semiconductors (MOS) based CO sensors have been widely used, but the drawbacks such as poor selectivity and calibration burden also limit their applications, e.g., as wearable exposure monitors. Aiming at the reliable, miniaturized, and easy-to-use personal exposure device development, we report a colorimetric CO sensing platform, which achieves a detection limit of 1 ppm, dynamic range of 0-500 ppm, and high selectivity to CO over common interferents in air, such as CO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub>. This optical sensing platform can be expanded to other air pollutants by adding other chemical sensing probes. We believe the new sensing platform we introduced can provide a potential high performance sensing unit for wearable personal exposure assessment devices.
Neutral nanoparticle-based display (2005)

We present a novel display based on the manipulation of neutral nanoparticles dispersed in an insulating liquid. The operative mechanism is based on dielectric forces and electric field-induced dipolar interactions between neutral nanoparticles, leading to compact aggregates that change the optical characteristics. Such displays can operate either in a diffusive scattering mode or in a written mode, both based on the capacity to have a compact particle storage mode. Owing to the hysteretic behaviour, low-power operation is obtained.
Defects in highly Mg‐doped AlN (2010)

Abstract Microstructural analysis was conducted to observe Mg‐related defects in highly Mg‐doped AlN on an undoped AlN layer grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Pyramidal defects at a density of 10 15 cm −3 were observed in the Mg‐doped AlN layer with a Mg concentration of 2.5 × 10 19 cm −3 . The size and density of the pyramidal defects decreased at a low Mg‐doped AlN layer with a Mg concentration. When the Mg concentration is high, defects of different shapes were formed in the Mg‐doped AlN layer.
A Corpus of English-Hindi Code-Mixed Tweets for Sarcasm Detection (2018)

Social media platforms like twitter and facebook have be- come two of the largest mediums used by people to express their views to- wards different topics. Generation of such large user data has made NLP tasks like sentiment analysis and opinion mining much more important. Using sarcasm in texts on social media has become a popular trend lately. Using sarcasm reverses the meaning and polarity of what is implied by the text which poses challenge for many NLP tasks. The task of sarcasm detection in text is gaining more and more importance for both commer- cial and security services. We present the first English-Hindi code-mixed dataset of tweets marked for presence of sarcasm and irony where each token is also annotated with a language tag. We present a baseline su- pervised classification system developed using the same dataset which achieves an average F-score of 78.4 after using random forest classifier and performing 10-fold cross validation.
Phosphorylation of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein by protein kinase C attenuates site-selective DNA binding. (1992)

Four DNA-recombinant proteins, corresponding to the DNA-binding domain of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), were phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C (PKC). High-performance liquid chromatography-peptide mapping of 32P-labeled C/EBP indicated the presence of three major 32P-labeled peptides: S299 (P)RDK, AKKS277 (P)VDK, and GAAGLPGPGGS248 (P)LK. Phosphorylation of C/EBP by PKC or M-kinase resulted in an attenuation of binding to a 32P-labeled CCAAT oligodeoxynucleotide. Three other truncated forms of C/EBP, C/EBP87, C/EBP87S-C, and C/EBP60, were studied to define the sites of phosphorylation affecting DNA binding. Phosphorylation of the C/EBP87, containing sites Ser299 and Ser277, and C/EBP60, containing only site Ser299, by PKC also resulted in attenuation of DNA binding. In contrast, phosphorylation of C/EBP87S-C, which retained Ser277 but had a Cys in place of Ser299, had no effect on DNA binding. Ser299 could not be phosphorylated by PKC if the protein is already bound to specific DNA. Phosphorylation of intact C/EBP from liver nuclear extract by PKC or M-kinase occurred at Ser299 and Ser277 and at an additional site, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation and peptide mapping.
Performance of GCC- and AMDF-Based Time-Delay Estimation in Practical Reverberant Environments (2005)

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the use of the time-delay estimation (TDE) technique to locate and track acoustic sources in a reverberant environment. Typically, the delay estimate is obtained through identifying the extremum of the generalized cross-correlation (GCC) function or the average magnitude difference function (AMDF). These estimators are well studied and their statistical performance is well understood for single-path propagation situations. However, fewer efforts have been reported to show their performance behavior in real reverberation conditions. This paper reexamines the GCC- and AMDF-based TDE techniques in real room reverberant and noisy environments. Our contribution is threefold. First, we propose a weighted cross-correlation (WCC) estimator in which the GCC function is weighted by the reciprocal of AMDF. This new method can sharpen the peak of the GCC function, which corresponds to the true time delay and thus leads to a better estimation performance as compared to the conventional GCC estimator. Second, we propose a modified version of the AMDF (MAMDF) estimator in which the delay is determined by jointly considering the AMDF and the average magnitude sum function (AMSF). Third, we compare the performance of the GCC, AMDF, WCC, and MAMDF estimators in real reverberant and noisy environments. It is shown that the AMDF estimator can yield better performance in favorable noise conditions and is slightly more resilient to reverberation than the GCC method. The GCC approach, however, is found to outperform the AMDF method in strong noisy environments. Weighting the correlation function by the reciprocal of AMDF can improve the performance of the GCC estimator in reverberation conditions, yet its improvement in noisy environments is limited. The MAMDF algorithm can enhance the AMDF estimator in both reverberant and noisy environments.
X-ray irradiation effects on superconductivity of cuprate superconductor thin films (1991)

The critical current density and flux activation energy of the cuprate superconductor thin films degraded with the increase of x-ray irradiation time. The enlargement of critical current density with the creation of strong pinning sites resulted from the oxygen annealing of the x-ray irradiated films. The electronic state calculation revealed that the oxygen defects could interact with visual light and form color centers in the x-ray irradiated film. The x-ray irradiation process followed by annealing in oxygen provides effective method to control the characteristics of the superconductor thin films.
Benefits of BCG‐induced metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in autoimmune and nervous system diseases (2020)

The most commonly used vaccine worldwide, bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), appears to have the ability to restore blood sugar control in humans with early-onset but long-duration type 1 diabetes when a repeat vaccination strategy is used. This is a process that may be driven by a metabolic switch from overactive oxidative phosphorylation to accelerated aerobic glycolysis and a reset of the immune system. BCG is a live, attenuated strain of Mycobacteria bovis, a cousin of M. tuberculosis. Humans and Mycobacteria, which are found in the environment and in warm-blooded hosts, share a long coevolutionary history. In recent times, humans have had fewer exposures to these and other microorganisms that historically helped shape the immune response. By 're-introducing' an attenuated form of Mycobacteria via BCG vaccination, humans might benefit from an immunological perspective, a concept supported by a growing body of data in autoimmunity and robust data on the nonspecific immune effects of BCG related to protection from diverse infections and early mortality. New findings of immune and metabolic defects in type 1 diabetes that can be corrected with repeat BCG vaccination suggest that this therapeutic strategy may be applicable in other diseases with inadequate aerobic glycolysis, including Parkinson's disease, dementia, depression and other disorders affecting the nervous system.
Adoptive Cellular Therapy (2004)

We provide a current review of adoptive cellular therapy in the management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. A comprehensive literature review of peer-reviewed articles on the development and use of adoptive cellular immunotherapy was performed. Renal cell carcinoma is a highly immunogenic tumor that has proven resistant to standard cytotoxic chemotherapy, but has shown reproducible response to immune-based therapy. In an effort to improve responses, a variety of adoptive cellular strategies have been devised and tested in the setting of metastatic disease. Among the techniques developed, the use of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells, autolymphocyte therapy (ALT), and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) have been the best studied. While further trials are ongoing, thus far, these approaches have not consistently shown benefit in comparison to standard immune-based treatment with biologic response modifiers, most importantly, high-dose bolus interleukin-2 (IL-2). Future approaches, including the use of dendritic cells (DC) to facilitate the development of tumor vaccines, are encouraging. Advanced renal cell carcinoma continues to inspire research of promising new cellular immunotherapeutics. The experience with LAK, ALT, and TIL has greatly increased our understanding of tumor immunobiology, and has led to the ongoing development of new technology, including DC, vaccine, and antibody therapy.
Acoustic Monitoring of Nonuniformly Eroded PVD Targets (2006)

Material source disks (sputtering targets) used in the physical vapor deposition process exhibit nonuniform erosion profiles and thickness variations in the radial direction. Noninvasive prediction of the remaining life (end-of-life) on a sputtering target during its normal service is of practical interest in semiconductor manufacturing. Based on the piezoelectric generation/detection of acoustic waves propagating and signal processing techniques, a real-time process monitoring system for predicting the end-of-life of a sputtering target is proposed and implemented. The nonstationary signal processing approaches (the time-frequency (reassigned spectrogram) analysis, the cross-spectral density estimation method, and the cross-correlation technique) were employed in analyzing the acquired ultrasonic waveforms. The advantages and shortcomings of each approach in identifying the status of erosion profiles of the sputtering target are also discussed
Agile broadband behavioral modelling of nonlinear power amplifiers using coarse-predistortion technique (2018)

This paper proposes a behavioral modelling method that allows the characterization of nonlinear power amplifiers over wide bandwidths of operation, for applications such as LTE-Advanced, while reducing the output observation bandwidth requirement. The proposed behavioral modelling system is based on the use of a coarse-predistortion function upstream of the device under test. This entails the identification of a coarse memoryless predistorter, independently, under narrowband testing condition. Then, the coarse-predistorter is used to cancel out the amplifier's static nonlinearities allowing for its characterization under reduced observation bandwidth. The proposed method is experimentally validated and the constructed model's performance is evaluated and compared against that of behavioral models identified using conventional behavioral modelling setup. Significant reduction in the required observation bandwidth is possible while maintaining the accuracy of the extracted models.
Multi-Well Pressure History Matching in Delaware Play Helps Optimizing Fracturing for Subsequent Pads (2021)

Abstract Predicting fracture behavior is important for well placement design and for optimizing multi-well development production. This requires the use of fracturing models that are calibrated to represent field measurements. However, because hydraulic fracture models include complex physics and uncertainties and have many variables defining these, the problem of calibrating modeling results with field responses is ill-posed. There are more model variables than can be changed than field observations to constrain these. It is always possible to find a calibrated model that reproduces the field data. However, the model is not unique and multiple matching solutions exist. The objective and scope of this work is to define a workflow for constraining these solutions and obtaining a more representative model for forecasting and optimization. We used field data from a multi-pad project in the Delaware play, with actual pump schedules, frac sequence, and time delays as used in the field, for all stages and all wells. We constructed a hydraulic fracturing model using high-confidence rock properties data and calibrated the model to field stimulation treatment data varying the two model variables with highest uncertainty: tectonic strain and average leak-off coefficient, while keeping all other model variables fixed. By reducing the number of adjusting model variables for calibration, we significantly lower the potential for over-fitting. Using an ultra-fast hydraulic fracturing simulator, we solved a global optimization problem to minimize the mismatch between the ISIPs and treatment pressures measured in the field and simulated by the model, for all the stages and all wells. This workflow helps us match the dominant ISIP trends in the field data and delivers higher confidence predictions in the regional stress. However, the uncertainty in the fracture geometry is still large. We also compared these results with traditional workflows that rely on selecting representative stages for calibration to field data. Results show that our workflow defines a better global optimum that best represents the behavior of all stages on all wells, and allows us to provide higher-confidence predictions of fracturing results for subsequent pads. We then used this higher confidence model to conduct sensitivity analysis for improving the well placement in subsequent pads and compared the results of the model predictions with the actual pad results.
Impact of atrial fibrillation on platelet gene expression (2017)

Platelets are capable to respond to the circulatory environment of NVAF by altering transcript and changing prothrombotic status. This shows platelet potential for molecular "reprogramming" possibly induced by flow disturbances of NVAF.
Mining Twitter to Identify Customers’ Requirements and Shoe Market Segmentation (2018)

Shoe manufacturers suffer from developing new products due to the complexity and uncertainty in design stage. Thus, it is essentially required for them to identify customers' needs and wants as quickly as possible. However, lack of literatures and methods obstruct manufacturers from designing new product efficiently. This study aims at analyzing electronic word-of-mouth to provide meaningful suggestions for them. Specifically, we conducted keyword frequency and co-occurrence analyses by retrieving 50,456 unique keyword in 10,000 tweets from Twitter. We confirmed the principle of hedonic dominance and revealed shoe market can be segmented by six clusters. We also visualized relationships among keywords by using VOSviewer. Various theoretical and practical implications are discussed.