gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tertiary fusion neutron diagnostic for density-radius product and stability of inertial confinement fusion (1988)

The fluence of high-energy (&amp;gt;14 MeV) ‘‘secondary’’ neutrons, produced in D–T reactions involving suprathermal fuel ions created by elastic scattering with 14-MeV ‘‘primary’’ neutrons, yields information about the fuel density-radius product (ρR) and the hydrodynamic stability of inertial-confinement fusion (ICF) targets. The suprathermal ions, produced in proportion to the fuel ρR, create secondary neutrons with energies ≤30 MeV when fusing with a thermal ion. The ratio of secondary to primary neutrons determines the mean fuel ρR. Since secondary neutrons, which are mainly formed near the fuel tamper interface with energies &amp;gt;24 MeV, are radially directed, the detection of their angular distribution provides a unique measurement of the deviation from spherical geometry of the fuel ρR. Valid for fuel ρR&amp;gt;0.1 g/cm2 and D–T yield above 1014, this diagnostic would be valuable in upcoming ICF experiments.
Muscle-tendon mechanics explain unexpected effects of exoskeleton assistance on metabolic rate during walking (2017)

The goal of this study was to gain insight into how ankle exoskeletons affect the behavior of the plantarflexor muscles during walking. Using data from previous experiments, we performed electromyography-driven simulations of musculoskeletal dynamics to explore how changes in exoskeleton assistance affected plantarflexor muscle-tendon mechanics, particularly for the soleus. We used a model of muscle energy consumption to estimate individual muscle metabolic rate. As average exoskeleton torque was increased, while no net exoskeleton work was provided, a reduction in tendon recoil led to an increase in positive mechanical work performed by the soleus muscle fibers. As net exoskeleton work was increased, both soleus muscle fiber force and positive mechanical work decreased. Trends in the sum of the metabolic rates of the simulated muscles correlated well with trends in experimentally observed whole-body metabolic rate (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup>=0.9), providing confidence in our model estimates. Our simulation results suggest that different exoskeleton behaviors can alter the functioning of the muscles and tendons acting at the assisted joint. Furthermore, our results support the idea that the series tendon helps reduce positive work done by the muscle fibers by storing and returning energy elastically. We expect the results from this study to promote the use of electromyography-driven simulations to gain insight into the operation of muscle-tendon units and to guide the design and control of assistive devices.
Quantum Clustering and Gaussian Mixtures (2016)

The mixture of Gaussian distributions, a soft version of k-means , is considered a state-of-the-art clustering algorithm. It is widely used in computer vision for selecting classes, e.g., color, texture, and shapes. In this algorithm, each class is described by a Gaussian distribution, defined by its mean and covariance. The data is described by a weighted sum of these Gaussian distributions. We propose a new method, inspired by quantum interference in physics. Instead of modeling each class distribution directly, we model a class wave function such that its magnitude square is the class Gaussian distribution. We then mix the class wave functions to create the mixture wave function. The final mixture distribution is then the magnitude square of the mixture wave function. As a result, we observe the quantum class interference phenomena, not present in the Gaussian mixture model. We show that the quantum method outperforms the Gaussian mixture method in every aspect of the estimations. It provides more accurate estimations of all distribution parameters, with much less fluctuations, and it is also more robust to data deformations from the Gaussian assumptions. We illustrate our method for color segmentation as an example application.
Physical Cell ID Detection Probabilities Using Frequency Domain PVS Transmit Diversity for NB-IoT Radio Interface (2019)

This paper proposes frequency domain precoding vector switching (PVS) transmit diversity for synchronization signals to achieve fast physical cell identity (PCID) detection for the narrowband (NB)-Internet-of-Things (IoT) radio interface. More specifically, we propose localized and distributed frequency domain PVS transmit diversity schemes for the narrowband primary synchronization signal (NPSS) and narrowband secondary synchronization signal (NSSS), and NPSS and NSSS detection methods including a frequency offset estimation method suitable for frequency domain PVS transmit diversity at the receiver in a set of user equipment (UE). We conduct link-level simulations to compare the detection probabilities of NPSS and NSSS, i.e., PCID using the proposed frequency domain PVS transmit diversity schemes, to those using the conventional time domain PVS transmit diversity scheme. The results show that both the distributed and localized frequency domain PVS transmit diversity schemes achieve a PCID detection probability almost identical to that of the time domain PVS transmit diversity scheme when the effect of the frequency offset due to the frequency error of the UE temperature compensated crystal oscillator (TCXO) is not considered. We also show that for a maximum frequency offset of less than approximately 8 kHz, localized PVS transmit diversity achieves almost the same PCID detection probability. It also achieves a higher PCID detection probability than one-antenna transmission although it is degraded compared to the time domain PVS transmit diversity when the maximum frequency offset is greater than approximately 10 kHz.
Triterpene Saponins from Debittered Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) Seeds (2002)

Twelve triterpene saponins have been isolated from the debittered seeds of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa), and their structures were characterized on the basis of hydrolysis and spectral data, especially NMR evidence. Among them, three compounds, including 3-O-beta-D-glucuropyranosyl oleanolic acid (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl hederagenin (2), and the new compound 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-30-O-methyl spergulagenate 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3), are identified for the first time from quinoa seeds. The other isolated saponins have been previously reported in quinoa.
Detection of HLA-D/DR-related DNA polymorphism in HLA-D homozygous typing cells. (1983)

Sequences of different sizes are generated when DNA from homozygous HLA-Dw/DR typing cells are digested with restriction endonuclease and analyzed by hybridization with a HLA-D region class II antigen beta-chain cDNA probe. The patterns of hybridization were highly polymorphic but one endonuclease, BamHI, defined sequences unique to all HLA-Dw/DR specificities 1-8 except HLA-Dw/DR 2 and 6; however, these two specificities were resolved with the enzyme EcoRI. Digestion with other endonucleases such as Pst I results in patterns of restriction fragments that differ between homozygous typing cells of the same HLA-Dw/DR specificity. HLA-D region beta-chain probes permit HLA-D region genotyping at the DNA level and may allow detection of genes controlling the association of HLA specificities with a wide variety of diseases.
Supplemental Information and Legends from Safety and Efficacy of Intratumoral Injections of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

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Two-dimensional laser-induced fluorescence imaging of metastable density in low-pressure radio frequency argon plasmas with added O2, Cl2, and CF4 (1996)

The effect of minor additions of O2, Cl2, and CF4 on the argon metastable relative density and spatial distribution in low-pressure, radio-frequency argon plasmas, generated within a parallel-plate Gaseous Electronics Conference reference reactor, has been investigated using planar laser-induced fluorescence imaging. For the conditions examined (33.3 Pa, 75–300 V, &amp;lt;10 W), the addition of only a few percent of these electron attaching gases was found to decrease the metastable density by as much as an order of magnitude, despite the fact that the excited-state argon emission indicated an increase in the metastable production rate. In the dilute O2/Ar discharges examined here, the spatial distribution of metastables was similar to that of the electropositive, pure argon cases, exhibiting a strong axial peak near the interface between the plasma bulk and the sheath at the powered electrode. In contrast, the addition of either Cl2 or CF4 was found to significantly modify the spatial distribution of the emission intensity and metastable density, resulting in a more symmetric and uniform axial metastable distribution. This change in metastable distribution for these mixtures was particularly apparent at lower powers and/or higher Cl2/CF4 concentrations, and suggests a transition from an electropositive to a somewhat electronegative discharge.
Improving Collaborative Transmit Diversity by Using Constellation Rearrangement (2007)

The paper proposed an enhancement to cooperative transmit diversity based on uncoded detect-and-forward, by using so-called constellation rearrangement (CR) at the relay. With CR, the relay uses a bit-symbol mapping that is different from the one used by the source. The authors find the optimal bit-symbol mappings for both the source and the relay and the associated optimal detectors, and show that the improvement over conventional relaying with Gray mapping at the source and the relay can amount to a power gain of several dB. This performance improvement comes at no additional power or bandwidth expense, and at virtually no increase in complexity.
Counting Out Time: Class Agnostic Video Repetition Counting in the Wild (2020)

We present an approach for estimating the period with which an action is repeated in a video. The crux of the approach lies in constraining the period prediction module to use temporal self-similarity as an intermediate representation bottleneck that allows generalization to unseen repetitions in videos in the wild. We train this model, called RepNet, with a synthetic dataset that is generated from a large unlabeled video collection by sampling short clips of varying lengths and repeating them with different periods and counts. This combination of synthetic data and a powerful yet constrained model, allows us to predict periods in a class-agnostic fashion. Our model substantially exceeds the state of the art performance on existing periodicity (PERTUBE) and repetition counting (QUVA) benchmarks. We also collect a new challenging dataset called Countix (~90 times larger than existing datasets) which captures the challenges of repetition counting in real-world videos. Project webpage: https://sites.google.com/view/repnet .
Multi-Scalar Data Integration Links Glomerular Angiopoietin-Tie Signaling Pathway Activation With Progression of Diabetic Kidney Disease (2022)

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Prognostic biomarkers reflective of underlying molecular mechanisms are critically needed for effective management of DKD. A three-marker panel was derived from a proteomics analysis of plasma samples by an unbiased machine learning approach from participants (N = 58) in the Clinical Phenotyping and Resource Biobank study. In combination with standard clinical parameters, this panel improved prediction of the composite outcome of ESKD or a 40% decline in glomerular filtration rate. The panel was validated in an independent group (N = 68), who also had kidney transcriptomic profiles. One marker, plasma angiopoietin 2 (ANGPT2), was significantly associated with outcomes in cohorts from the Cardiovascular Health Study (N = 3,183) and the Chinese Cohort Study of Chronic Kidney Disease (N = 210). Glomerular transcriptional angiopoietin/Tie (ANG-TIE) pathway scores, derived from the expression of 154 ANG-TIE signaling mediators, correlated positively with plasma ANGPT2 levels and kidney outcomes. Higher receptor expression in glomeruli and higher ANG-TIE pathway scores in endothelial cells corroborated potential functional effects in the kidney from elevated plasma ANGPT2 levels. Our work suggests that ANGPT2 is a promising prognostic endothelial biomarker with likely functional impact on glomerular pathogenesis in DKD.
ChemInform Abstract: Template‐Assisted Protein de novo Design (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Si microchannel cooler integrated with high power amplifiers for base station of mobile communication systems (2011)

This study demonstrated the first application of a Si microchannel cooler integrated with bump structures to apply as a new thermal management device for the high power amplifiers (HPAs). The structure consists of an HPA chip, Si bumps, and a Si microchannel cooler. The fine pitch Si bumps with metal coating are directly connected to the electrodes close to the active areas of AlGaN/GaN HEMT HPAs. The bump functions not only as a source electrode for small ground inductance, but also as the heat transfer path from HPAs. The heat from bumps is successfully transferred by the microchannel cooler. This first prototype of a Si microchannel cooler bonded to HPAs achieved a decrease of 0.3 °C/W in total thermal resistance compared to conventional face-up mounted HPAs.
Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Conference 11612 (2021)

Introduction to SPIE Advanced Lithography conference 11612: Advances in Patterning Materials and Processes XXXVIII.
The influence of 1D, meso- and crystal structures on charge transport and recombination in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (2013)

We have prepared single crystalline SnO2 and ZnO nanowires and polycrystalline TiO2 nanotubes (1D networks) as well as nanoparticle-based films (3D networks) from the same materials to be used as photoanodes for solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. In general, superior photovoltaic performance can be achieved from devices based on 3-dimensional networks, mostly due to their higher short circuit currents. To further characterize the fabricated devices, the electronic properties of the different networks were measured via the transient photocurrent and photovoltage decay techniques. Nanowire-based devices exhibit extremely high, light independent electron transport rates while recombination dynamics remain unchanged. This indicates, contrary to expectations, a decoupling of transport and recombination dynamics. For typical nanoparticle-based photoanodes, the devices are usually considered electron-limited due to the poor electron transport through nanocrystalline titania networks. In the case of the nanowire-based devices, the system becomes limited by the organic hole transporter used. In the case of polycrystalline TiO2 nanotube-based devices, we observe lower transport rates and higher recombination dynamics than their nanoparticle-based counterparts, suggesting that in order to improve the electron transport properties of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells, single crystalline structures should be used. These findings should aid future design of photoanodes based on nanowires or porous semiconductors with extended crystallinity to be used in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Real-time tracking of renal calculi displaced by the radiation force of focused ultrasound. (2011)

An area of active research involves using the radiation force of ultrasound to expel small kidney stones or fragments from the kidney. The goal of this work is real-time motion tracking for visual feedback to the user and automated adaptive pushing as the stone moves. Algorithms have been designed to track stone movement during patient respiration but the challenge here is to track the stone motion relative to tissue. A new algorithm was written in MATLAB and implemented on an open-architecture, software-based ultrasound system. The algorithm was first trained then implemented in real-time on B-mode IQ data recorded from phantom experiments and animal studies. The tracking algorithm uses an ensemble of image processing techniques (2-D cross-correlation, phase correlation, and feature-edge detection) to overlay color on the stone in the real-time images and to assign a color to indicate the confidence in the identification of the stone. Camera images as well as ultrasound images showed that the system was able to locate a moving stone, re-target, and apply a new focused push pulse at that location. [Work supported by NIH DK43881, NIH DK086371, and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58].
Transient response of magnetorheological fluids: Shear flow between concentric cylinders (2005)

An experimental investigation of the rheological response of magnetorheological suspensions subjected to step changes in applied magnetic field strength at fixed shear rate is reported. For small applied field strengths, the shear stress increases rapidly to a steady value. Above a critical field strength, the rapid initial increase in shear stress is followed by a slow, transient increase in stress. The critical Mason number corresponding to the critical magnetic field strength at the onset of this transient depends on the particle volume fraction as well as the shear rate. This is in contrast to a previous analysis where the critical Mason number was predicted to depend on only the particle volume fraction. The discrepancy is attributed to colloidal forces that are significant in our experimental system, but were not included in the analysis. Further comparison with the previous analysis requires either including the effects of colloidal forces, or performing experiments with systems in which colloidal forces are not important.
A Compass Through SDN Networks (2013)

The term Software Defined Networking (SDN) is prevalent in todays discussion about future communication networks. However, no consistent definition regarding this technology has formed, yet. The fragmented view on SDN results in legacy products being passed off by equipment vendors as SDN, academics mixing up the attributes of SDN with those of network virtualization, and users not fully understanding the benefits. Therefore,establishing SDN as a widely adopted technology beyond laboratories and insular deployments requires a compass to navigate the multitude of ideas and concepts that make up SDN today. The contribution of this research report is twofold. First, it gives a thoroug definition of SDN and its interfaces and a list of its key attributes. Second, it provides a mapping of interfaces and attributes to SDN use cases and highlights their relevance on a per-scenario basis. Thus, this report guides a potential adopter of SDN, whether SDN is in fact the right technology for his arbitrary use case.
CMOS-compatible 75  mW erbium-doped distributed feedback laser (2014)

On-chip, high-power, erbium-doped distributed feedback lasers are demonstrated in a CMOS-compatible fabrication flow. The laser cavities consist of silicon nitride waveguide and grating features, defined by wafer-scale immersion lithography and an erbium-doped aluminum oxide layer deposited as the final step in the fabrication process. The large mode size lasers demonstrate single-mode continuous wave operation with a maximum output power of 75 mW without any thermal damage. The laser output power does not saturate at high pump intensities and is, therefore, capable of delivering even higher on-chip signals if a stronger pump is utilized. The amplitude noise of the laser is investigated and the laser is shown to be stable and free from self-pulsing when the pump power is sufficiently above threshold.
Novel numerical and experimental analysis of dynamic responses under board level drop test (2004)

Board level solder joint reliability during drop test is a great concern to semiconductor and electronic product manufacturers. A new JEDEC standard for board level drop test of handheld electronic products was just released to specify the drop test procedure and conditions. In this paper, comprehensive dynamic responses of PCB and solder joints, e.g., acceleration, strains, and resistance, are measured and analyzed in detail with a multi-channel real-time electrical monitoring system. It is found experimentally and numerically that the mechanical shock causes multiple PCB bending or vibration which induces the solder joint fatigue failure. A novel input acceleration (input-G) method is developed to simulate the exact drop test process using ANSYS-LSDYNA software. The model can be applied to simulate the overall impact responses including PCB cyclic bending, which are very critical for understanding of board level drop test.
Persistent homology analysis of complex high-dimensional layout configurations for IC physical designs (2019)

Problems in simulation, in physical defects, or in electrical failures of the IC devices generally occur at the boundaries of dimensional tolerances, such as the minimum width and space. However, for layout configurations with four or more critical dimensions, simple minimums are insufficient to characterize dimensional coverage. Persistent homology is a multi-resolution analysis technique which robustly summarizes dimensional coverage. We apply this technique to compare dimensional coverage of IC design configurations, on the same layer, on different layers, and on different designs, yielding results both expected and unexpected based on manufacturing process and design rule knowledge.
Perspective Aware Road Obstacle Detection (2023)

While road obstacle detection techniques have become increasingly effective, they typically ignore the fact that, in practice, the apparent size of the obstacles decreases as their distance to the vehicle increases. In this letter, we account for this by computing a scale map encoding the apparent size of a hypothetical object at every image location. We then leverage this perspective map to (i) generate training data by injecting onto the road synthetic objects whose size corresponds to the perspective foreshortening; and (ii) incorporate perspective information in the decoding part of the detection network to guide the obstacle detector. Our results on standard benchmarks show that, together, these two strategies significantly boost the obstacle detection performance, allowing our approach to consistently outperform state-of-the-art methods in terms of instance-level obstacle detection.
Terahertz communications can work in rain and snow (2022)

Next-generation wireless networks will leverage the spectrum above 100 GHz to enable ultra-high data rate communications over multi-GHz-wide bandwidths. The propagation environment at such high frequencies, however, introduces challenges throughout the whole protocol stack design, from physical layer signal processing to application design. Therefore, it is fundamental to develop a holistic understanding of the channel propagation and fading characteristics over realistic deployment scenarios and ultra-wide bands. In this paper, we conduct an extensive measurement campaign to evaluate the impact of weather conditions on a wireless link in the 130-150 GHz band through a channel sounding campaign with clear weather, rain, and snow in a typical urban backhaul scenario. We present a novel channel sounder design that captures signals with -82 dBm sensitivity and 20 GHz of bandwidth.We analyze link budget, capacity, as well as channel parameters such as the delay spread and the K-factor. Our experimental results indicate that in the considered context the adverse weather does not interrupt the link, but introduces some additional constraints (e.g., high delay spread and increase in path loss in snow conditions) that need to be accounted for in the design of reliable Sixth Generation (6G) communication links above 100 GHz.