gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bright White‐Light Emitting Manganese and Copper Co‐Doped ZnSe Quantum Dots (2011)

Doubly doped quantum dots with highly efficient (17 %) white-light emission (WLE) have been directly synthesized using a one-pot hot-injection technique (see picture). The generation of WLE was due to the judicious manipulation of the synthesis strategy for the co-doping of the host material-ZnSe quantum dots-with Mn and Cu. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Instrumentation and Applications (1997)

This article introduces educators and researchers to the theory, principles, instrumentation, and some applications of MALDI-MS. Reflectron time-of-flight (TOF) mass analyzers are described in detail, since TOF is the most common mass analyzer for ions produced by MALDI. Several excellent reviews give a more detailed account of MALDI-MS.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels‐Alder Reactions of 1,2,4‐Triazines. A General Synthesis of Furo(2,3‐b)pyridines, 2,3‐Dihydropyrano(2,3‐b)pyridines, and Pyrrolo(2,3‐b)pyridines. (1988)

Abstract The bicyclic heterocycles (IV) are synthesized from the corresponding triazines (I) as shown.
The PqsE Active Site as a Target for Small Molecule Antimicrobial Agents against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2022)

The opportunistic pathogen <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> causes antibiotic-resistant, nosocomial infections in immuno-compromised individuals and is a high priority for antimicrobial development. Key to pathogenicity in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> are biofilm formation and virulence factor production. Both traits are controlled by the cell-to-cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS). QS involves the synthesis, release, and population-wide detection of signal molecules called autoinducers. We previously reported that the activity of the RhlR QS transcription factor depends on a protein-protein interaction with the hydrolase, PqsE, and PqsE catalytic activity is dispensable for this interaction. Nonetheless, the PqsE-RhlR interaction could be disrupted by the substitution of an active site glutamate residue with tryptophan [PqsE(E182W)]. Here, we show that disruption of the PqsE-RhlR interaction via either the E182W change or alteration of PqsE surface residues that are essential for the interaction with RhlR attenuates <i>P. aeruginosa</i> infection in a murine host. We use crystallography to characterize the conformational changes induced by the PqsE(E182W) substitution to define the mechanism underlying disruption of the PqsE-RhlR interaction. A loop rearrangement that repositions the E280 residue in PqsE(E182W) is responsible for the loss of interaction. We verify the implications garnered from the PqsE(E182W) structure using mutagenic, biochemical, and additional structural analyses. We present the next generation of molecules targeting the PqsE active site, including a structure of the tightest binding of these compounds, BB584, in complex with PqsE. The findings presented here provide insights into drug discovery against <i>P. aeruginosa</i> with PqsE as the target.
Comparisons of the performance of commercially-available hearing aid microphones to that of the Binghamton Ormia-inspired gradient microphone (2017)

Comparisons are presented of the performance of a MEMS differential microphone inspired by the ears of the fly Ormia ochracea with that of commercially available high-performance microphones. The results presented here compare the frequency response, 1/3rd octave band noise floor, and directionality of the Ormia microphone with what can be achieved with state-of-the-art commercially available miniature microphones. The Ormia microphone is found to provide significantly better performance than the existing microphones in each response category.
Tumor-Targeted Responsive Nanoparticle-Based Systems for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Therapy (2014)

Design and synthesis of a tumor responsive nanoparticle-based system for imaging and treatment of various cancers. Manganese oxide nanoparticles (Mn3O4 NPs) were synthesized and modified with LHRH targeting peptide or anti-melanoma antibodies (cancer targeting moieties) and a MMP2 cleavable peptide (a possible chemotactic factor). Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were used to entrap the BRAF inhibitor, vemurafenib, and enhance cytotoxicity of the drug. Size distribution, stability, drug entrapment, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of synthesized nanoparticles were studied in vitro. Enhancement of MRI signal by nanoparticles and their body distribution were examined in vivo on mouse models of melanoma, ovarian and lung cancers. Uniform, stable cancer-targeted nanoparticles (PEGylated water-soluble Mn3O4 NPs and NLCs) were synthesized. No signs of cyto-,genotoxicity and DNA damage were detected for nanoparticles that do not contain an anticancer drug. Entrapment of vemurafenib into nanoparticles significantly enhanced drug toxicity in cancer cells with targeted V600E mutation. The developed nanoparticles containing LHRH and MMP2 peptides showed preferential accumulation in primary and metastatic tumors increasing the MRI signal in mice with melanoma, lung and ovarian cancers. The proposed nanoparticle-based systems provide the foundation for building an integrated MRI diagnostic and therapeutic approach for various types of cancer.
An Electrochemical Biochip Sensor for the Detection of Pollutants (2007)

Abstract In this chapter we will introduce the general concept of cell‐based biochip sensors. We will focus on the development of cell‐based biochip sensor for the detection of acute toxicity in water, which was performed at Tel Aviv University.
Vorticity is a Marker of Diastolic Ventricular Interdependency in Pulmonary Hypertension (2016)

Our objective was to determine whether left ventricular (LV) vorticity (ω), the local spinning motion of a fluid element, correlated with markers of ventricular interdependency in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Maladaptive ventricular interdependency is associated with interventricular septal shift, impaired LV performance, and poor outcomes in PH patients, yet the pathophysiologic mechanisms underlying fluid-structure interactions in ventricular interdependency are incompletely understood. Because conformational changes in chamber geometry affect blood flow formations and dynamics, LV ω may be a marker of LV-RV (right ventricular) interactions in PH. Echocardiography was performed for 13 PH patients and 10 controls for assessment of interdependency markers, including eccentricity index (EI), and biventricular diastolic dysfunction, including mitral valve (MV) and tricuspid valve (TV) early and late velocities (E and A, respectively) as well as MV septal and lateral early tissue Doppler velocities (e'). Same-day 4-dimensional cardiac magnetic resonance was performed for LV E (early)-wave ω measurement. LV E-wave ω was significantly decreased in PH patients (P = 0.008) and correlated with diastolic EI (Rho = -0.53, P = 0.009) as well as with markers of LV diastolic dysfunction, including MV E(Rho = 0.53, P = 0.011), E/A (Rho = 0.56, P = 0.007), septal e' (Rho = 0.63, P = 0.001), and lateral e' (Rho = 0.57, P = 0.007). Furthermore, LV E-wave ω was associated with indices of RV diastolic dysfunction, including TV e' (Rho = 0.52, P = 0.012) and TV E/A (Rho = 0.53, P = 0.009). LV E-wave ω is decreased in PH and correlated with multiple echocardiographic markers of ventricular interdependency. LV ω may be a novel marker for fluid-tissue biomechanical interactions in LV-RV interdependency.
Hyperglobulinemic Purpura in the Course of Multiple Myeloma (1980)

Secondary hyperglobulinemic purpura of Waldenström is characterized by polyclonal gammopathy associated mainly with autoimmune diseases. Its occurrence with multiple myeloma is very rare. We described a patient who developed characteristic lesions of hyperglobulinemic purpura in the course of IgA myeloma. Skin biopsy revealed deposition of IgA in the blood vessels.
A Strategy to Minimize Reactive Metabolite Formation: Discovery of (S)-4-(1-Cyclopropyl-2-methoxyethyl)-6-[6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,5-dimethylpyridin-3-ylamino]-5-oxo-4,5-dihydropyrazine-2-carbonitrile as a Potent, Orally Bioavailable Corticotropin-Releasing Factor-1 Receptor Antagonist (2009)

Detailed metabolic characterization of 8, an earlier lead pyrazinone-based corticotropin-releasing factor-1 (CRF(1)) receptor antagonist, revealed that this compound formed significant levels of reactive metabolites, as measured by in vivo and in vitro biotransformation studies. This was of particular concern due to the body of evidence suggesting that reactive metabolites may be involved in idiosyncratic drug reactions. Further optimization of the structure-activity relationships and in vivo properties of pyrazinone-based CRF(1) receptor antagonists and studies to assess the formation of reactive metabolites led to the discovery of 19e, a high affinity CRF(1) receptor antagonist (IC(50) = 0.86 nM) wherein GSH adducts were estimated to be only 0.1% of the total amount of drug-related material excreted through bile and urine, indicating low levels of reactive metabolite formation in vivo. A novel 6-(difluoromethoxy)-2,5-dimethylpyridin-3-amine group in 19e contributed to the potency and improved in vivo properties of this compound and related analogues. 19e had excellent pharmacokinetic properties in rats and dogs and showed efficacy in the defensive withdrawal model of anxiety in rats. The lowest efficacious dose was 1.8 mg/kg. The results of a two-week rat safety study with 19e indicated that this compound was well-tolerated.
The Immersed Boundary Method for Water Entry Simulation (2011)

Adaptation of the direct-forcing immersed boundary method for the simulation of multiphase flows is examined and the difficulties arising due to large density ratios are discussed. The importance of satisfaction of boundary conditions at the immersed body surface is addressed and demonstrated both analytically and in numerical simulation. Simulation of free surface water entry for 2-dimensional square and circular cylinders is performed and resulting pullaway times and cavity shapes are shown. Results for simulation of 3-dimensional spheres are compared to experimental data. Difficulties in using the implemented method for certain types of simulation, such as 2-dimensional axisymmetric cases are discussed, along with strategies to alleviate these in the future.
Liposomes in leishmaniasis: effects of parasite virulence on treatment of experimental leishmaniasis in hamsters (1984)

During studies on the use of liposomes as drug carriers in experimental leishmaniasis in hamsters, we noted incidentally that the apparent virulence of the infection often varied widely between different large groups of animals. When the death rates among control animals (injected only with saline) were compared with hepatic parasite counts of survivors in the same group, three distinctive types of infection were observed: type I, low death rate, low parasite count in survivors; type II, high death rate, low parasite count in survivors; type III, high death rate, high parasite count in survivors. The apparent virulence, based on death rates both at early and late stages of infection, was in the order I less than II less than III. Therapeutic efficacy of a drug (meglumine antimoniate) or liposome-encapsulated drug against each type of infection was in the order I greater than II greater than III. Liposomes reduced the drug dose required for each infection type many hundred-fold and reduced the death rate for type I to zero. However, among animals with type III (or even type II) infection certain individuals were completely refractory to treatment, even when liposome-encapsulated drug was employed, and the lowest mortality rate achieved was approximately 30%. This latter resistance to treatment may have been due to irreversible tissue damage caused by advanced disease, or it may have reflected resistance of certain virulent infections to treatment.
Morphologische und dynamische renale MR-Bildgebung an einem 3.0T Scanner – Evaluation der technischen Realisierbarkeit an einem pcy-Mausmodell (2008)

Ziele: Evaluation der technischen Durchführbarkeit einer morphologischen und dynamischen Untersuchung der Nieren bei pcy Mäusen an einem 3T Scanner. Methode: 12 pcy Mäuse im Alter von 20 Wochen bis 12 Monate und einem mittleren Gewicht von 22,5g wurden, nach entsprechender Vorbereitung in einer kombinierten Ketamin/Xylacain Narkose, mit einem Jugulariskatheter versorgt. An diesen Katheter erfolgte der Anschluss eines selbstentwickelten 1,2m langen Schlauchsystems mit 0,28mm Innendurchmesser. Nach kompletter Entlüftung des Schlauchsystems wurde dieses mit Gadovist®, welches zuvor auf 1:50 verdünnt wurde (Bayer Schering Pharma), in einer Dosierung von 100ml Gadovist pro Maus als Bolusinjektion verabreicht. Die Mäuse wurden mithilfe einer dedizierten 8 Element-Tier Spule (Rapid Biomedical) an einem 3,0T Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio (36×102) untersucht.
Paging memory from random access memory to backing storage in a parallel computer (2023)

Paging memory from random access memory (`RAM`) to backing storage in a parallel computer that includes a plurality of compute nodes, including: executing a data processing application on a virtual machine operating system in a virtual machine on a first compute node; providing, by a second compute node, backing storage for the contents of RAM on the first compute node; and swapping, by the virtual machine operating system in the virtual machine on the first compute node, a page of memory from RAM on the first compute node to the backing storage on the second compute node.
Approximate reduction of dynamical systems (2007)

The reduction of dynamical systems has a rich history, with many important applications related to stability, control and verification. Reduction of nonlinear systems is typically performed in an exact manner - as is the case with mechanical systems with symmetry--which, unfortunately, limits the type of systems to which it can be applied. The goal of this paper is to consider a more general form of reduction, termed approximate reduction, in order to extend the class of systems that can be reduced. Using notions related to incremental stability, we give conditions on when a dynamical system can be projected to a lower dimensional space while providing hard bounds on the induced errors, i.e., when it is behaviorally similar to a dynamical system on a lower dimensional space. These concepts are illustrated on a series of examples.
Power Scaling Limitations for Cavity-Assisted High-Harmonic Generation (2012)

Harmonics up to order 21 generated in Xe are coupled out of a 78-MHz enhancement cavity with a fused silica Brewster plate. An irreversible degradation of the plate, accelerated by the generated harmonics, is observed.
Beauty lies in the face of the beholder (2019)

Profile images play an important role in partner selection in a matrimony or dating site. The hypothesis of this paper is that perceived beauty of a profile image is a subjective opinion based on who is viewing the image. We validate this hypothesis by showing that this subjective bias for attractiveness can be learnt from the sender-receiver image pairs. We train a Bi-channel CNN based deep architecture that incorporates the visual features of both users and learns the attractiveness of sender as perceived by the receiver. This network was trained and tested on 3.5 million image pairs and achieved an accuracy of 69% with images alone, thus proving that rather than the eye, beauty lies in the face of the beholder. When this network was used in conjunction with other profile features such as age, city and caste, it further improved the accuracy of the system by a 5% relative number.
A novel potent strategy for gene delivery using a single peptide vector as a carrier (1999)

We have shown previously that a peptide, MPG, derived from the hydrophobic fusion peptide of HIV-1 gp41 and the hydrophilic nuclear localisation sequence of SV40 large T antigen, can be used as a powerful tool for the delivery of oligonucleotides into cultured cells. Now we extend the potential of MPG to the delivery of nucleic acids into cultured cells. In vitro, MPG interacts strongly with nucleic acids, most likely forming a peptide cage around them, which stabilises and protects them from degradation in cell culture media. MPG is non-cytotoxic, insensitive to serum and efficiently delivers plasmids into several different cell lines in only 1 h. Moreover, MPG enables complete expression of the gene products encoded by the plasmids it delivers into cultured cells. Finally, we have investigated the potential of MPG as an efficient delivery agent for gene therapy, by attempting to deliver antisense nucleic acids targeting an essential cell cycle gene. MPG efficiently delivered a plasmid expressing the full-length antisense cDNA of human cdc25C, which consequently successfully reduced cdc25C expression levels and promoted a block to cell cycle progression. Based on our results, we conclude that MPG is a potent delivery agent for the generalised delivery of nucleic acids as well as of oligonucleotides into cultured cells and believe that its contribution to the development of new gene therapy strategies could be of prime interest.
Information Processing Capacity of Spintronic Oscillator (2023)

Physical reservoir computing is a framework that enables energy‐efficient information processing by using physical systems. Nonlinear dynamics in physical systems provide a computational capability that is unique to reservoirs. It is, however, difficult to find an appropriate task for a reservoir because of the complexity of nonlinear information processing. The information processing capacity has recently been used to clarify systematically the tasks that are solved by reservoirs; it quantifies the memory capacity of reservoirs in accordance with the order of nonlinearity. Herein, an experimental evaluation of the information processing capacity of a spintronic oscillator consisting of nanostructured ferromagnets is reported. The spintronic reservoir state is electrically manipulated by adding a delayed‐feedback circuit. The total capacity reaches a maximum of 5.6 at the edge of the echo state property. A trade‐off between the linear and nonlinear components of the capacity is also found. The result can be used to better understand the nonlinear information processing in reservoirs and to find good matches between reservoirs and tasks. As an example, a function‐approximation task is performed and it is found that it can be efficiently solved when the reservoir state is appropriately tuned so that its information processing capacity matches that of the task.
Ultra-thin lithium aluminate spinel ferrite films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and low damping (2023)

Ultra-thin films of low damping ferromagnetic insulators with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy have been identified as critical to advancing spin-based electronics by significantly reducing the threshold for current-induced magnetization switching while enabling new types of hybrid structures or devices. Here, we have developed a new class of ultra-thin spinel structure Li<sub>0.5</sub>Al<sub>1.0</sub>Fe<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LAFO) films on MgGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (MGO) substrates with: 1) perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; 2) low magnetic damping and 3) the absence of degraded or magnetic dead layers. These films have been integrated with epitaxial Pt spin source layers to demonstrate record low magnetization switching currents and high spin-orbit torque efficiencies. These LAFO films on MGO thus combine all of the desirable properties of ferromagnetic insulators with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, opening new possibilities for spin based electronics.
Perpetuation of vaccine memory T cell responses against SIV/HIV (2011)

Results of the RV144 study of a prime‐boost regimen combining a canarypox vector‐based candidate ALVAC‐HIV (vCP1521) and AIDSVAX B/E gp120 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope showed a modest but statistically significant 31% reduction in the rate of HIV infection in healthy volunteers (Rerks‐Ngarm et al, 2009). These promising results need to be confirmed in further clinical trials and researchers are hoping to gain more information about the correlates of protection against HIV and the mechanisms of action of these vaccines. In addition, from a clinical standpoint, the RV144 study provides two interesting pieces of information. First, at the end of the first year of the study the rate of protection was up to 60% in vaccinees compared to placebo recipients. Second, no differences in terms of peak of viral load were seen between vaccinated and placebo recipients who became infected. This suggests that the protective efficacy wanes overtime and that vaccines were unable to control viral replication once a systemic infection is established.

The immune system controls pathogens through the generation of memory T cells, which can be divided in, at least, two populations of central and effector memory T cells (Tcm and Tem) ensuring protection for years after the first encounter of the pathogen. Following antigen exposure, Tcm undergone expansion, differentiation towards effector cells, which patrol mucosal tissues, the site of entry of HIV and kill infected cells. Clearly, the initial hours following exposure of HIV to mucosal tissues represents a window of opportunity for the immune system to control and/or to eliminate smaller and localized foci of HIV‐infected cells. Therefore, an effective vaccine must confer to the host the capability to win the race between the differentiation capacity of Tcm and the extraordinary burst of HIV replication, which occurs within hours before the establishment of an irreversible disseminated …
Optimizing sparse representations for dataflow analysis (1995)

Sparse program representations allow inter-statement dependences to be represented explicitly, enabling dataflow analyzers to restrict the propagation of information to paths where it could potentially affect the dataflow solution. This paper describes the use of a single sparse program representation, the value dependence graph, in both general and analysis-specific contexts, and demonstrates its utility in reducing the cost of dataflow analysis. We find that several semantics-preserving transformations are beneficial in both contexts.
Radio receiver techniques (2012)

This session reviews recent innovations in integrated radio design for a wide variety of applications; the modern techniques to be discussed include frequency impedance translation techniques, spatio-spectral beam forming, phase arrays and synchronization of IR radios.
A Bistable Poly[2]catenane Forms Nanosuperstructures (2009)

Abstract Ein bistabiles seitenkettentragendes Poly[2]catenan wurde synthetisiert, das hierarchische hohle Überstrukturen mit nanoskaligen Abmessungen in Lösung bildet und elektromechanisch schaltbar ist (siehe Bild). Die Gleichgewichtsthermodynamik im Grundzustand und die Schaltkinetiken wurden untersucht, und die Ergebnisse dienen als Basis für die Entwicklung von molekular‐elektronischen Bauelementen und nanoelektromechanischen Systemen. magnified image