gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[New diagnostic markers for malignant pleural mesothelioma]. (2008)

The increasing number of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a serious public health problem. The prognosis of this tumor is poor and most of the patients are diagnosed late in the disease's course when curative treatment is no more an option. It is therefore necessary to diagnose earlier MPM in these patients in order to obtain a potential significant improvement in survival. Some serum markers have been previously proposed for MPM diagnosis but none had sufficient sensitivity and specificity for being use in routine. Recently, soluble mesothelin and osteopontin have been proposed as diagnostic markers for mesothelioma. The authors reviewed recent data concerning the utility of these two molecules in the diagnosis and the treatment of MPM. Mesothelin seems to be a specific marker for the epithelioid subtype of mesothelioma. Despite a good sensitivity, osteopontin has a low specificity for mesothelioma diagnosis. However, there is not enough data yet to propose guidelines on the use of these markers in a day to day practice.
Modular multilevel converter for large-scale multistring photovoltaic energy conversion system (2013)

This paper presents a new grid connected photovoltaic energy conversion system configuration for large scale power plants. The grid-tied converter is based on a modular multilevel converter using voltage source H-bridge cells. The proposed converter is capable of concentrating a multimegawatt PV plant with distributed string MPPT tracking capability, high power quality and increased efficiency compared to the classic two-level voltage source converters. The main challenge is to handle the inherent power unbalances which may occur, not only between the different cells of one phase of the converter, but also between the three phases. The control strategy to deal with these unbalances is analyzed in this paper. Simulation results for a downsized 7 level MMC composed of 18 H-bridge cells and PV strings are presented to validate the proposed topology and control method.
Adaptive optics for improved retinal surgery and diagnostics (2000)

It is now possible to field a compact adaptive optics (AO) system on a surgical microscope for use in retinal diagnostics and surgery. Recent developments in integrated circuit technology and optical photonics have led to the capability of building an AO system that is compact and significantly less expensive than traditional AO systems. It is foreseen that such an AO system can be integrated into a surgical microscope while maintaining a package size of a lunchbox. A prototype device can be developed in a manner that lends itself well to large-scale manufacturing.
Successful use of recombinant factor VIII devoid of von Willebrand factor during multiple teeth extractions in a patient with type 3 von Willebrand disease (2006)

We report a 55-year-old patient with type 3 von Willebrand disease who underwent multiple tooth extractions with successful hemostatic management using recombinant factor VIII. The patient was previously misdiagnosed and treated incorrectly then at 53 years old, he was diagnosed with type 3 von Willebrand disease. As he had avoided dental treatments for two decades due to severe bleeding after dental extraction, multiple severe caries and marginal periodontitis were revealed. The patient refused the use of blood products in hemostatic management because he was afraid of blood-borne diseases and development of anti-von Willebrand factor alloantibodies. After close consultation, we therefore decided to use recombinant factor VIII. Four teeth extraction procedures were executed twice. Before extraction, bolus recombinant factor VIII (50 IU/kg) was administered intravenously followed by continuous infusion (5-10 IU/kg per h) for approximately 48 h. The factor VIII:C level increased from about 1 to 20-32% 30 min after bolus infusion. During continuous infusion (10 IU/kg/h), factor VIII:C was maintained at more than 10%. Little bleeding occurred during and after the multiple teeth extractions and during suture removal. On frequent examinations during a 1-year follow-up, neither von Willebrand factor nor factor VIII inhibitors were detected.
The composition of the T cell receptor repertoire in nude mice. (1987)

Previous results from several laboratories have demonstrated the presence of functional T lymphocytes in congenitally athymic (nude) mice. The present study represents an analysis of the T cell receptor repertoire exhibited by such cells. Clones of H-2Kb-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated under primary limiting dilution conditions by using spleen cells from nude mice. These clones were analyzed on a panel of Kb mutant target cells to assess the receptor specificity of each clone. Unlike thymic bearing mice the CTL repertoires of which are exceedingly diverse, it was found that in most cases the vast majority of clones from each individual exhibited the same reactivity pattern. The particular pattern varied from individual to individual. Clones from three animals that exhibited this phenomenon were additionally analyzed by using a monoclonal antibody that can detect the utilization of the gene products of the V beta 8 family. In one animal all clones were V beta 8 positive, whereas in the others, all clones were negative. We conclude that the T cell receptor repertoire in nude mice is extremely limited and represents in vivo expansion of a relatively small number of functional precursors.
Optimizing Lysosomal Activation of Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs) by Incorporation of Novel Cleavable Dipeptide Linkers (2019)

Although peptide linkers are used in multiple clinical-stage ADCs, there are only few reports on optimizing peptide linkers for efficient lysosomal proteolysis and for stability in circulation. We screened multiple dipeptide linkers for efficiency of proteolysis and compared them to the dipeptide linkers currently being evaluated in the clinic: Val-Cit, Val-Ala, and Ala-Ala. Lead dipeptide linkers selected from the initial screen were incorporated into ADCs with indolinobenzodiazepine dimer (IGN) payloads to evaluate cellular processing, <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic activity, plasma stability, and <i>in vivo</i> efficacy. ADCs with several dipeptide linkers bearing l-amino acids showed faster lysosomal processing in target cancer cells compared to the l-Ala-l-Ala linked ADC. These variances in linker processing rates did not result in different <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> activities among peptide linker ADCs, presumably due to accumulation of threshold cytotoxic catabolite levels for ADCs of several peptide linkers in the cell lines and xenografts tested. ADCs with l-amino acid dipeptide linkers exhibited superior <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic potencies in multiple cell lines compared to an ADC with a d-Ala-d-Ala dipeptide linker and an ADC with a noncleavable linker. This work adds to the toolbox of stable, lysosomally cleavable peptide linkers for ADCs.
A systems engineering approach to collaborative coordination of UAS in the NAS with safety guarantees (2014)

We develop new fundamental methodologies for high performance and provably safe autonomous and collaborative control and operation of autonomous unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in the national airspace (NAS), where both UAS and manned aircraft fly. The proposed framework is model-based, and emphasizes multiple scales in time and space as well as hybrid systems mathematics to capture both the analog and logical components of control functionalities. We develop on-line control laws that allow for multiple UAS agents to reconfigure to different formations with proofs of safety and convergence while navigating in integrated airspace with piloted air vehicles. We demonstrate our results in simulated scenaria with both cooperative and uncooperative air vehicles.
Novel Diacid‐Accelerated Borane Reducing Agent for Imines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Measurement ofJ/ψandψ(2S)Prompt Double-Differential Cross Sections inppCollisions ats=7  TeV (2015)

The double-differential cross sections of promptly produced J/ψ and ψ(2S) mesons are measured in pp collisions at sqrt[s]=7 TeV, as a function of transverse momentum p_{T} and absolute rapidity |y|. The analysis uses J/ψ and ψ(2S) dimuon samples collected by the CMS experiment, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 4.55 and 4.90 fb^{-1}, respectively. The results are based on a two-dimensional analysis of the dimuon invariant mass and decay length, and extend to p_{T}=120 and 100 GeV for the J/ψ and ψ(2S), respectively, when integrated over the interval |y|<1.2. The ratio of the ψ(2S) to J/ψ cross sections is also reported for |y|<1.2, over the range 10<p_{T}<100 GeV. These are the highest p_{T} values for which the cross sections and ratio have been measured.
Predicting intelligence from fMRI data of the human brain in a few minutes of scan time (2021)

Abstract In recent years, the prediction of individual behaviour from the fMRI-based functional connectome has become a major focus of research. The motivation behind this research is to find generalizable neuromarkers of cognitive functions. However, insufficient prediction accuracies and long scan time requirements are still unsolved issues. Here we propose a new machine learning algorithm for predicting intelligence scores of healthy human subjects from resting state (rsfMRI) or task-based fMRI (tfMRI). In a cohort of 390 unrelated test subjects of the Human Connectome Project, we found correlations between the observed and the predicted general intelligence of more than 50 percent in tfMRI, and of around 59 percent when results from two tasks are combined. Surprisingly, we found that the tfMRI data were significantly more predictive of intelligence than rsfMRI even though they were acquired at much shorter scan times (approximately 10 minutes versus 1 hour). Existing methods that we investigated in a benchmark comparison underperformed on tfMRI data and produced prediction accuracies well below our results. Our proposed algorithm differs from existing methods in that it achieves dimensionality reduction via ensemble learning and partial least squares regression rather than via brain parcellations or ICA decompositions. In addition, it introduces Ricci-Forman curvature as a novel type of edge weight.
Spectral Characteristics of Semiconductor Lasers with Optical Feedback (1982)

Optical feedback-induced changes in the output spectra of several GaAlAs lasers operating at 0.83 µm are described. The feedback radiation obtained from a mirror 60 cm away from the laser is controlled in intensity and phase. Spectral line narrowing or broadening is observed in each laser depending on the feedback conditions. Minimum linewidths observed with feedback are less than 100 kHz. Improved wavelength stability is also obtained with optical feedback resulting in 15 dB less phase noise. Analytical model for the three-mirror cavity is developed to explain these observations.
Evaluation of “open grid” protection strategy for a DC Network (2019)

“Open Grid” protection strategy is proposed for protecting DC networks with converters that cannot block fault current and rely on DC circuit breakers. With this method, each DC circuit breaker (DC-CB), based on its own, local measurements (e.g. overcurrent, undervoltage) trips without discrimination. Using the same local measurements, the DCCBs, discriminate “healthy” DC circuit(s) and re-close. This mainly aims to increase the speed of fault current interruption and reduce the duty of an individual DC-CB in blocking a fault. This paper develops the protection algorithms which can meet DC protection requirement with different fault types, locations and fault impedances. The analysis of the fault behaviour following the action of protection system in the event of a DC fault has also been given. Different DC fault characteristics have been described. Further validations of the robustness of the Open Grid via simulation models developed in PSCAD/EMTDC have been provided. Tests have shown that the Open Grid can successfully detect and discriminate DC faults in a meshed DC grid model.
Faith of Science and the Method of Religion (2018)

A fundamental teaching of the Bahá’í Faith is that science and religion are harmonious and complementary. Two themes are presented. First, religious faith, in its best form, is shaped by a process of critical inquiry instead of being defended against such a process. By comparison, science does not operate by logical deduction alone but also by a process of generalization. That is, the validation of a scientific theory involves a process of gaining confidence in its predictive power based on its consistency with a limited set of experimental observations. This confidence is the scientific analogue of religious faith. Second, the limitations of science should be acknowledged and questions beyond its scope must be addressed in order to build a just, peaceful, and humanitarian society. Science must be used to aid the quest for and the implementation of appropriate human values.
Comparison of Graft Durability Among Lymphoma Patients Who Received Plerixafor in Combination with G-CSF for Primary Versus Failed Mobilization (2009)

Introduction: The addition of plerixafor to G-CSF (P + G) successfully mobilizes sufficient hemtopoietic stem cells (HSC) for autologous stem cell transplantion (ASCT) in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). In this analysis, we compare 12-month graft durability among NHL patients receiving P + G as a front-line or rescue mobilization regimen. Methodology: Patients enrolled in the Phase III study who failed to mobilize ≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg could enter into the rescue arm of the study and receive P + G. Following a rest period of ≥7 days, patients were re-mobilized with G-CSF (10 mcg/kg/day) for four days, and on the evening of day four, plerixafor (240 mcg/kg SQ) was administered. On day five, all patients received a morning dose of G-CSF before apheresis. The apheresis was a 3 volume ± 10% apheresis. Patients continued to receive P + G followed by daily apheresis for up to four days or until ≥5 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg were collected. Graft durability was measured at 3, 6 and 12 months; grafts were considered durable if at least 2 of the 3 following criteria were met: platelet count >50,000/μl without transfusion for at least 2 weeks prior to follow-up, hemoglobin level ≥ 10 g/dL with no erythropoietin support or transfusions for at least 1 month before follow-up, absolute neutrophil count >1,000/μl with no G-CSF for at least 1 week before follow-up visit. Patients who had disease progression or died with a stable graft were censored. Results: As reported before, 130/150 (87%) patients receiving P + G as a front-line regimen and 37/62 (60%) receiving P + G as a rescue regimen collected ≥2 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg. 135 patients in the front-line group and 52 patients in the rescue group underwent ASCT. Data to evaluate graft durability at 12-months were available for 112/135 (83%) patients in the front-line group and 44/52 (85%) patients in the rescue group. At 12-months, the proportion of patients that maintained a durable graft in the front-line group was 98.2%. One patient had graft failure due to pre-existing myelodysplastic syndrome and one patient had AML. Comparatively, based on laboratory and clinical criteria, 100% of rescue patients maintained a durable graft at 12-months. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that the quality of the HSC collected with P + G in the rescue arm resulted in graft durability rates that were comparable to cells transplanted when P + G was used as a front-line mobilization regimen among patients with NHL.
The Reconfiguration Problem in Sensor Networks: An Optimization Approach (2006)

The objective of reconfiguration in sensor networks is to maximize the overall network lifetime while maintaining a minimum quality of service. This is performed by turning some of the nodes off whenever they are not needed to maintain the required quality of service. This requires a way of detecting node failures to reconfigure accordingly. The reconfiguration problem can be formulated as an integer linear programming optimization problem. A solution to this problem consists of a binary vector, where a "0" in position k means that the corresponding node can turn itself off in the next reconfiguration period, while a "1" means that the node is required to remain active. A centralized solution to this problem is designed and implemented. However, this solution suffers high energy costs and long delays. In addition, it does not scale well with the network size. A cluster-based solution is derived, and we are currently working on a localized solution where nodes interact only with neighbors to decide whether to turn off or remain active.
A fast acquisition technique for a direct sequence spread spectrum signal in the presence of a large Doppler shift (2002)

A non-coherent fast acquisition system is described for a DS-SS signal in the presence of a large Doppler shift. This technique utilises N complex correlators of length x such that Nx=m where m is the length of the spreading sequence. These complex correlators produce partial correlations of the DS-SS signal. The outputs of these correlators are fed to an N point FFT. The maximum output of the FFT is then selected and compared against a threshold. In situations with high Doppler shifts the FFT acquisition system described can test all frequency offsets for a given code phase simultaneously. The theoretical probability of detection and false alarm are derived in a Gaussian channel. We determine the mean acquisition time for an 8-point FFT using a single dwell system in the presence of 32 kHz Doppler shift. It is shown by choosing a suitable threshold level that the mean acquisition time is over 16 times lower than a standard single dwell non-coherent decorrelator.
SoC Design Center toward a Creative Nucleus of Analog Circuit Techniques (2005)

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Relative attractiveness of colour traps to pear psylla in relation to seasonal changes in pear phenology (2010)

Abstract Monitoring of pear psylla ( Cacopsylla pyricola (Förster), Hemiptera: Psyllidae) prior to spring bud break could aid in predicting the size of subsequent spring populations and lead to improved proactive management decisions. Yellow traps are commonly used to monitor hemipteran pests including pear psylla, but very little is known regarding seasonal changes in attractiveness of yellow traps or relative attractiveness of colours other than yellow. This study presents seasonal colour-trap preferences of pear psyllas based on pear ( Pyrus communis L., Rosaceae) phenological stages in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States of America. Black, blue, brown, clear (colourless), green, orange, red, white, and yellow traps were assayed against wild adult psylla populations over a 2-year period. Pear psyllas had a strong preference for yellow and orange when green leaves were present; however, we found no statistically significant difference between traps of different colours prior to spring bud break. Significantly more female psyllas were caught overall, but there was no gender-based colour bias. None of our colour traps caught significantly fewer psyllas than did clear (background hue) traps, suggesting that no traps were repellent.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Cyan Dyes from 6‐Diethylaminobenzo[b]furan‐2‐carboxaldehyde. (2011)

Abstract Nitriles (II) and (IV) are used as building blocks for the preparation of the title dyes (III), (V), (VII), and (VIII).
Hereditary α tryptasemia is a valid genetic biomarker for severe mediator-related symptoms in mastocytosis (2020)

Mastocytosis is a hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by expansion of KIT D816V-mutated clonal mast cells in various organs and severe or even life-threatening anaphylactic reactions. Recently, hereditary α-tryptasemia (HαT) has been described as a common genetic trait with increased copy numbers of the α-tryptase encoding gene, TPSAB1, and associated with an increased basal serum tryptase level and a risk of mast cell activation. The purpose of our study was to elucidate the clinical relevance of HαT in patients with mastocytosis. TPSAB1 germline copy number variants were assessed by digital polymerase chain reaction in 180 mastocytosis patients, 180 sex-matched control subjects, 720 patients with other myeloid neoplasms, and 61 additional mastocytosis patients of an independent validation cohort. α-Tryptase encoding TPSAB1 copy number gains, compatible with HαT, were identified in 17.2% of mastocytosis patients and 4.4% of the control population (P < .001). Patients with HαT exhibited higher tryptase levels than patients without HαT (median tryptase in HαT+ cases: 49.6 ng/mL vs HαT- cases: 34.5 ng/mL, P = .004) independent of the mast cell burden. Hymenoptera venom hypersensitivity reactions and severe cardiovascular mediator-related symptoms/anaphylaxis were by far more frequently observed in mastocytosis patients with HαT than in those without HαT. Results were confirmed in an independent validation cohort. The high prevalence of HαT in mastocytosis hints at a potential pathogenic role of germline α-tryptase encoding TPSAB1 copy number gains in disease evolution. Together, our data suggest that HαT is a novel emerging robust biomarker in mastocytosis that is useful for determining the individual patient´s risk of developing severe anaphylaxis.
Discovery of 9-(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)-1-(3- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl)benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridin-2(1H)-one (Torin2) as a potent, selective and orally available mTOR inhibitor for treatment of cancer (2011)

The mTOR mediated PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathway has been demonstrated to play a key role in a broad spectrum of cancers. Starting from the mTOR selective inhibitor 1 (Torin1), a focused medicinal chemistry effort led to the discovery of an improved mTOR inhibitor 3 (Torin2), which possesses an EC[subscript 50] of 0.25 nM for inhibiting cellular mTOR activity. Compound 3 exhibited 800-fold selectivity over PI3K (EC[subscript 50]: 200 nM) and over 100-fold binding selectivity relative to 440 other protein kinases. Compound 3 has significantly improved bioavailability (54%), metabolic stability, and plasma exposure relative to compound 1.