gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for physics beyond the standard model in events with jets and two same-sign or at least three charged leptons in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,{\text {TeV}} $$ (2020)

A data sample of events from proton-proton collisions with at least two jets, and two isolated same-sign or three or more charged leptons, is studied in a search for signatures of new physics phenomena. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>137</mml:mn> <mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> at a center-of-mass energy of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> , collected in 2016-2018 by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed using a total of 168 signal regions defined using several kinematic variables. The properties of the events are found to be consistent with the expectations from standard model processes. Exclusion limits at 95% confidence level are set on cross sections for the pair production of gluinos or squarks for various decay scenarios in the context of supersymmetric models conserving or violating R parity. The observed lower mass limits are as large as <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2.1</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> for gluinos and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> for top and bottom squarks. To facilitate reinterpretations, model-independent limits are provided in a set of simplified signal regions.
Thermal Effect of Ceramic Nanofiller Aluminium Nitride on Polyethylene Properties (2012)

Ethylene polymerization was done to form polyethylene nano‐composite with nanoaluminum nitride using zirconocene catalysts. Results show that the catalytic activity is maximum at a filler loading of 15 mg nanoaluminum nitride. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) results show that percentage crystallinity was also marginally higher at this amount of filler. Thermal behavior of polyethylene nanocomposites (0, 15, 30, and 45) mg was studied by DSC and thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Morphology of the component with 15 mg aluminium nitride is more fibrous as compared to 0 mg aluminium nitride and higher filler loading as shown by SEM images. In order to understand combustibility behavior, tests were performed on microcalorimeter. Its results showed decrease in combustibility in polyethylene nanocomposites as the filler loading increases.
Essential requirement of an invariant V alpha 14 T cell antigen receptor expression in the development of natural killer T cells. (1996)

NK1.1+ T [natural killer (NK) T] cells express an invariant T cell antigen receptor alpha chain (TCR alpha) encoded by V alpha 14 and J alpha 281 segments in association with a limited number of V betas, predominantly V beta 8.2. Expression of the invariant V alpha 14/J alpha 281, but not V alpha 1, TCR in transgenic mice lacking endogenous TCR alpha expression blocks the development of conventional T alpha beta cells and leads to the preferential development of V alpha 14 NK T cells, suggesting a prerequisite role of invariant V alpha 14 TCR in NK T cell development. In V beta 8.2 but not B beta 3 transgenic mice, two NK T cells with different CD3 epsilon expressions, CD3 epsilon(dim) and CD3 epsilon(high), can be identified. CD3 epsilon(high) NK T cells express surface V alpha 14/V beta 8 TCR, indicating a mature cell type, whereas CD3 epsilon(dim) NK T cells express V beta 8 without V alpha 14 TCR and no significant CD3 epsilon expression (CD3 epsilon(dim)) on the cell surface. However, the latter are positive for recombination activating gene (RAG-1 and RAG-2) mRNA, which are only expressed in the precursor or immature T cell lineage, and also possess CD3 epsilon mRNA in their cytoplasm, suggesting that CD3 epsilon(dim) NK T cells are the precursor of V alpha 14 NK T cells.
Model-Based Image Reconstruction: A General Framework for Multi-Modality Imaging of the Breast (2000)

Model-based image reconstruction can be applied to multiple imaging modalities because of the generalized way in which it casts the imaging task as a nonlinear optimization process. This provides a conceptual foundation for exploiting its common features across different physical approaches to imaging. Multi-modality physical property imaging also provides an opportunity to correlate tissue discriminates that may hold diagnostic value in combination. In this paper, we describe our efforts to apply the model-based image reconstruction framework to breast imaging through electrical impedance and near infrared exams delivered to the same subjects. Initial attempts to correlate these different physical properties yield interesting results.
On Politics: A Carnival of Buncombe (1996)

Has the art of politics no apparent utility? Does it appear to be unqualifiedly ratty, raffish, sordid, obscene, and low down, and its salient virtuousi a gang of unmitigated scoundrels? Then let us not forget its high capacity to soothe and tickle the midriff, its incomparable services as a maker of entertainment.---from 'On Politics' With a style that combined biting sarcasm with the language of the free lunch counter, Mencken shook politics and politicians for nearly half a century. The political arena afforded Mencken a special opportunity to showcase his talents. He despised pretentiousness and hypocrisy and found numerous, easy targets among politicians. But while he could be merciless in attacking local and national leaders, Mencken always interspersed his scathing commentaries with entertaining exaggerations and high humor. This collection of seventy political pieces drawn from Mencken's famous Monday columns in the 'Baltimore Evening Sun' during the twenties and thirties shows the Sage of Baltimore at his satirical best. While social attitudes may have changed, the value of Mencken's words on American politics offers us a timeless perspective.
Development of a predictive description of an immobilized‐cell, three‐phase, fluidized‐bed bioreactor (1995)

A fully predictive mathematical description of a three-phase, tapered, fluidized-bed bioreactor is developed. This mathematical model includes the effects of the tapered bed, variable dispersion coefficient, and variable solid holdup upon the concentration profiles developed in the bed. In addition, the effect of the concentration profile which is developed inside the biocatalyst bead is included by means of an effectiveness factor calculation. Using accepted correlations for the dispersion coefficient and for the liquid, gas, and solid holdup in the bed, the model is fully predictive. The model was found to adequately predict experimental obtained concentration profiles. Then, the model was used to examine the various phase holdups through the bed and the degree to which the dispersion coefficient varied through the bed. The effect of changes in these calculated variables upon the reaction rate is discussed. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Coordinated memory management in virtualized environments (2015)

Two recent advances are the primary motivating factors for the research in my dissertation. First, virtualization is no longer confined to the powerful server class machines. It has already been introduced into smart-phones and will be a part of other high-end embedded systems like automobiles in the near future. Second, more and more resource intensive and latency sensitive applications are being used in devices which are rather resource constrained and introducing virtualization into the software stack just exacerbates the resource allocation issue.\nThe focus of my research is on memory management in virtualized environments. Existing memory-management mechanisms were designed for server class machines and their implementations are geared towards the applications running primarily on data centers and cloud setups. In these setups, appropriate load balancing and achieving fair division of resources are the goals and over-provisioning may be the norm. Latency involved in resource management mechanisms may not be a big concern. But in case of smart phones and other hand held devices, applications like media streaming, social-networking are prevalent, which are both resource intensive and latency sensitive. Moreover, the bursty nature of their memory requirement results in spikes in memory needs of the virtual machines. As over provisioning is not an option in these domains, fast and effective (memory) resource management mechanisms are necessary. \nThe overall thesis of my dissertation is: with appropriate design and implementation, it is possible to achieve inter-VM memory management with a latency comparable to the latency involved in intra-VM memory management mechanisms like ‘malloc’. Towards realizing and validating this goal, I have made the following research contributions through my dissertation: (1) I analyzed the memory requirement pattern of prevalent applications, which exhibit bursty behavior and showcased the need for fast memory management mechanisms. (2) I designed and implemented a Coordinated Memory Management mechanism in Xen based virtualized setup, based on the split driver principle (3) I analyzed this mechanism and did a comparative evaluation with parallel memory management mechanisms. (4)I analyzed the extent of interference from the schedulers in the operation of the mechanism and implemented constructs that help in reducing the interference and latency. (5) Based on my analysis, I revised the implementation of the mechanism to one in which Xen hypervisor plays a more significant and active role in the coordination of the mechanism and I did a detailed analysis to showcase the latency improvements due to this design change. (6) In order to validate my hypothesis, I did a comparative analysis of inter-vm and intra-vm memory management mechanisms as final part of my dissertation.
Comparison of muscle synergies for running between different foot strike patterns (2017)

It is well known that humans run with a fore-foot strike (FFS), a mid-foot strike (MFS) or a rear-foot strike (RFS). A modular neural control mechanism of human walking and running has been discussed in terms of muscle synergies. However, the neural control mechanisms for different foot strike patterns during running have been overlooked even though kinetic and kinematic differences between different foot strike patterns have been reported. Thus, we examined the differences in the neural control mechanisms of human running between FFS and RFS by comparing the muscle synergies extracted from each foot strike pattern during running. Muscle synergies were extracted using non-negative matrix factorization with electromyogram activity recorded bilaterally from 12 limb and trunk muscles in ten male subjects during FFS and RFS running at different speeds (5-15 km/h). Six muscle synergies were extracted from all conditions, and each synergy had a specific function and a single main peak of activity in a cycle. The six muscle synergies were similar between FFS and RFS as well as across subjects and speeds. However, some muscle weightings showed significant differences between FFS and RFS, especially the weightings of the tibialis anterior of the landing leg in synergies activated just before touchdown. The activation patterns of the synergies were also different for each foot strike pattern in terms of the timing, duration, and magnitude of the main peak of activity. These results suggest that the central nervous system controls running by sending a sequence of signals to six muscle synergies. Furthermore, a change in the foot strike pattern is accomplished by modulating the timing, duration and magnitude of the muscle synergy activity and by selectively activating other muscle synergies or subsets of the muscle synergies.
Influence of helium-ion bombardment on the optical properties of ZnO nanorods/p-GaN light-emitting diodes (2011)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based on zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods grown by vapor-liquid-solid catalytic growth method were irradiated with 2-MeV helium (He+) ions. The fabricated LEDs were irradiated with fluencies of approximately 2 × 1013 ions/cm2 and approximately 4 × 1013 ions/cm2. Scanning electron microscopy images showed that the morphology of the irradiated samples is not changed. The as-grown and He+-irradiated LEDs showed rectifying behavior with the same I-V characteristics. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements showed that there is a blue shift of approximately 0.0347 and 0.082 eV in the near-band emission (free exciton) and green emission of the irradiated ZnO nanorods, respectively. It was also observed that the PL intensity of the near-band emission was decreased after irradiation of the samples. The electroluminescence (EL) measurements of the fabricated LEDs showed that there is a blue shift of 0.125 eV in the broad green emission after irradiation and the EL intensity of violet emission approximately centered at 398 nm nearly disappeared after irradiations. The color-rendering properties show a small decrease in the color-rendering indices of 3% after 2 MeV He+ ions irradiation.
Demonstration of femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for uranium isotopic measurements in U-10Mo nuclear fuel foils (2015)

The use of femtosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to demonstrate the feasibility of measuring the isotopic ratio of uranium directly in U-10Mo fuel foils. The measurements were done on both the flat surface and cross sections of bare and Zr clad U-10Mo fuel foil samples. The results for the depleted uranium content measurements were less than 10% of the accepted U235/238 ratio of 0.0020. Sampling was demonstrated for line scans and elemental mapping over large areas. In addition to the U isotopic ratio measurement, the Zr thickness could be measured as well as trace elemental composition if required. A number of interesting features were observed during the feasibility measurements which could provide the basis for further investigation using this methodology. The results demonstrate the feasibility of using fs-LA-ICP-MS for measuring the U isotopic ratio in U-10Mo fuel foils.
Fast GPU ray tracing of dynamic meshes using geometry images (2006)

Using the GPU to accelerate ray tracing may seem like a natural choice due to the highly parallel nature of the problem. However, determining the most versatile GPU data structure for scene storage and traversal is a challenge. In this paper, we introduce a new method for quick intersection of triangular meshes on the GPU. The method uses a threaded bounding volume hierarchy built from a geometry image, which can be efficiently traversed and constructed entirely on the GPU. This acceleration scheme is highly competitive with other GPU ray tracing methods, while allowing for both dynamic geometry and an efficient level of detail scheme at no extra cost.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Dialysis Patients (2004)

Reviewed are the clinical features and outcome of 12 chronic dialysis patients (six men) who contracted severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) compared with 23 sex- and age-matched nonuremic SARS patients as controls. Eight were on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and four on hemodialysis. Mean age was 58 +/- 12 yr for the dialysis patients, and 57 +/- 12 yr for the controls. The presenting symptoms of dialysis patients were similar to the controls. With appropriate protection measures, hemodialysis was performed in a dedicated area of the SARS isolation ward, while PD was continued as intermittent PD. In all seven patients with PD effluent tested, SARS-related coronavirus (CoV) could not be identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or viral culture. Three dialysis patients had persistent positive stool PCR after 5 wk, whereas all nondialysis patients had negative stool PCR after 1 wk. Despite dosage adjustment, ribavirin-induced hemolytic anemia was more severe in the dialysis patients. Dialysis patients required longer hospitalization than the controls, but the mortality was similar. With appropriate protective measures, dialysis could be safely performed. Dialysis patients with SARS often require prolonged hospitalization. Furthermore, these patients may have an extended period of viral shedding, which should be carefully monitored for the purpose of infection control.
Solvation Rule for Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase Enabler in Lithium‐Metal Batteries (2020)

Despite the exceptionally high energy density of lithium metal anodes, the practical application of lithium-metal batteries (LMBs) is still impeded by the instability of the interphase between the lithium metal and the electrolyte. To formulate a functional electrolyte system that can stabilize the lithium-metal anode, the solvation behavior of the solvent molecules must be understood because the electrochemical properties of a solvent can be heavily influenced by its solvation status. We unambiguously demonstrated the solvation rule for the solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) enabler in an electrolyte system. In this study, fluoroethylene carbonate was used as the SEI enabler due to its ability to form a robust SEI on the lithium metal surface, allowing relatively stable LMB cycling. The results revealed that the solvation number of fluoroethylene carbonate must be ≥1 to ensure the formation of a stable SEI in which the sacrificial reduction of the SEI enabler subsequently leads to the stable cycling of LMBs.
Health care usage, botulinum toxin for overactive bladder. (2006)

Although overactive bladder (OAB) is ranked among the 10 most common chronic medical conditions in the United States, the level of OAB-associated medical treatment remains largely unknown. Investigators at the Florida International University School of Public Health asked a simple but relevant question: How many patients with OAB actually seek medical help?
LCD motion blur modeling and analysis (2005)

Compared to cathode-ray tube (CRT) devices, the current liquid crystal display (LCD) devices have advantage on many aspects but disadvantage on displaying motion contents. LCD motion blur is caused jointly by the slow LCD's temporal response and the hold-type LCD's rendering method together with the motion pursuing function of human visual system (HVS). Although LCD motion blur has been addressed extensively in the literature, there is no systematic analysis. In this paper, a general LCD motion blur model, based on the sampling and reconstruction theory, is developed. This model, covering LCD and HVS, provides a systematic tool for quantitatively analyzing the LCD motion blur problem associated with any current and emerging LCD rendering technologies.
Effects of in-plane electric fields on the optical properties of cholesteric liquid crystals (2013)

A considerable body of knowledge has been developed on the general behavior of cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) materials in electric fields. One approach that has been reported to achieve tunability in optical filters based on CLCs with a positive dielectric anisotropy and in the planar homogeneous state involves the application of electric fields perpendicular to the axis of the CLC helix. The field leads to a progressive unwinding of the helix and a corresponding red-shift in the position of the reflection band of the CLC. In this work, a microspectrophotometer was employed to probe the spatial heterogeneity of the optical spectra of the CLC in cells with interdigitated electrodes. We will show that a complex behavior of the Bragg reflection band is obtained in the gap between electrodes for certain parameters of cells with interdigitated electrodes as a function of the applied field. This is ascribed to variations in the field magnitude and direction in the cell, which lead to a spatial variation of helix unwinding.
On Interpreting Fluorescence Measurements: What Does Thermodynamics Have To Say about Change in Micellar Aggregation Number versus Change in Size Distribution Induced by Increasing Concentration of the Surfactant in Solution? (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleOn Interpreting Fluorescence Measurements: What Does Thermodynamics Have To Say about Change in Micellar Aggregation Number versus Change in Size Distribution Induced by Increasing Concentration of the Surfactant in Solution?R. NagarajanCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 6, 2028–2034Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00018a064https://doi.org/10.1021/la00018a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views206Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retexturing in the Presence of Complex Illumination and Occlusions (2007)

We present a nonrigid registration technique that achieves spatial, photometric, and visibility accuracy. It lets us photo-realistically augment 3D deformable surfaces under complex illumination conditions and in spite of severe occlusions. There are many approaches that address some of these issues but very few that simultaneously handle all of them as we do. We use triangulated meshes to model the geometry and introduce explicit visibility maps as well as separate illumination parameters for each mesh vertex. We cast our registration problem in an expectation maximization framework that allows robust and fully automated operation. It provides explicit illumination and occlusion models that can be used for rendering purposes.