gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation ofJ/ψpResonances Consistent with Pentaquark States inΛb0→J/ψK−pDecays (2015)

Observations of exotic structures in the J/ψp channel, which we refer to as charmonium-pentaquark states, in Λ_{b}^{0}→J/ψK^{-}p decays are presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1} acquired with the LHCb detector from 7 and 8 TeV pp collisions. An amplitude analysis of the three-body final state reproduces the two-body mass and angular distributions. To obtain a satisfactory fit of the structures seen in the J/ψp mass spectrum, it is necessary to include two Breit-Wigner amplitudes that each describe a resonant state. The significance of each of these resonances is more than 9 standard deviations. One has a mass of 4380±8±29 MeV and a width of 205±18±86 MeV, while the second is narrower, with a mass of 4449.8±1.7±2.5 MeV and a width of 39±5±19 MeV. The preferred J^{P} assignments are of opposite parity, with one state having spin 3/2 and the other 5/2.
Smart-M3 information sharing platform (2010)

We describe the concept, architecture and key design decisions of Smart-M3 interoperability platform. The platform is based on the ideas of space-based information sharing and semantic Web ideas about information representation and ontologies. The interoperability platform has been used as the basis for multiple case studies.
Rational Secure Computation and Ideal Mechanism Design (2005)

Secure computation essentially guarantees that whatever computation n players can do with the help of a trusted party, they can also do by themselves. Fundamentally, however, this notion depends on the honesty of at least some players. We put forward and implement a stronger notion, rational secure computation, that does not depend on player honesty, but solely on player rationality. The key to our implementation is showing that the ballot-box - the venerable device used throughout the world to tally secret votes securely - can actually be used to securely compute any function. Our work bridges the fields of game theory and cryptography, and has broad implications for mechanism design.
Author response: Super-resolution microscopy reveals majorly mono- and dimeric presenilin1/γ-secretase at the cell surface (2020)

Super-resolution microscopy sets a new strategy to comprehend the membrane organization of γ-secretase at single complex resolution identifying nanodomain associations and its diffusion in situ in the living membrane.
Fetal biometry: a comparison between experienced sonographers and automated measurements (2009)

The measurements produced by Auto OB are comparable to the measurements done by sonographers.
Characterization of the Metabolism of Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes Cultured in Alginate Beads (2002)

peer reviewed
Vortex fluidic high shear induced crystallisation of fullerene C70 into nanotubules (2023)

Hollow C<sub>70</sub> nanotubules are formed under high shear within the thin film of a vortex fluidic device (VFD) without the need for using auxiliary reagents, high temperatures and pressures, and/or requiring downstream processing. This novel bottom-up crystallisation process involves intense micro mixing of two liquids (toluene solution of C<sub>70</sub> and anti-solvent, isopropyl alcohol) within a thin film in the VFD to precisely control the hierarchical assembly of C<sub>70</sub> molecules into hollow nanotubules. The mechanism of self-assembly was consistent with them being a mould of the high shear double helical topological flow from Faraday waves coupled with Coriolis forces generated within the thin film.
Dynamics in a low-temperature glass: Fast generation and detection of optical holes (1992)

High-resolution, fast optical hole-burning results are reported for the amorphous system cresyl violet in ethanol glass at 1.3 K. Holes are burned and detected using a novel technique which allows precise detection of narrow (∼0.03 cm−1 ), shallow (∼1%) holes 10 μs to 50 ms after their generation. The technique is described in detail along with careful tests demonstrating the validity of its results. The hole width is observed to increase linearly with time when plotted against log time. Using the four time correlation function description of optical hole burning, the time-dependent increase in hole width (spectral diffusion) is shown to arise from a broad distribution of fluctuation rates in the glass with the probability of having a fluctuation at rate R proportional to 1/R. The 10 μs to 50 ms data is combined with hole-width data spanning the range 100 ms to 10 000 s and with two-pulse picosecond photon echo data. The two-pulse photon echo linewidth is calculated by extrapolating the fluctuation rate distribution obtained from the hole-width data to short times. The results are in excellent agreement with experimental echo results. The combined data from the two sets of hole-burning experiments provides a detailed description of the glass dynamics over nine decades of time, 10 000 s to 10 μs. Together with the two-pulse photon echo results, the data provide information on the glass dynamical behavior over seven decades faster in time as well. The net result is a description of the dynamics in low-temperature ethanol glass on time scales spanning 16 decades.
Effect of Lithium Perchlorate on the Kinetics of the Anionic Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in Tetrahydrofuran (1999)

The kinetics of the anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) are investigated in THF using 1,1-diphenylhexyllithium as initiator in a flow-tube reactor between −30 and 0 °C. The rate constants of propagation determined in the presence of LiClO4 are lower than those obtained in the absence of the salt, similar to the effect observed for LiCl. For propagation, the reaction order with respect to active center concentration is found to be 0.5 in both cases, which indicates that LiClO4 does not effectively perturb the aggregation of the enolate ion pair. The formation of various mixed aggregates is proposed. The polydispersity index of the obtained PMMA is lower than that obtained in the absence of salt indicating faster aggregation−deaggregation equilibria than in the absence of salt. The rate constants of termination in absence and presence of salt are comparable. Thus, LiClO4 does not affect termination reactions, again similar to LiCl.
Therapeutic play with a storytelling robot (2001)

We are developing a prototype storytelling robot for use with children in rehabilitation. Children can remotely control a furry robot by using a variety of body sensors adapted to their disability or rehabilitation goal. We believe this robot can motivate children and help them reach their therapy goals through therapeutic play, either by exercising muscles or joints (e.g. for physically challenged children) or by reflecting on the stories (e.g. for children with developmental disabilities). To develop this technology we use an innovative design methodology involving children as design partners.
Surface oxygen balance in the Subantarctic Mode Water Formation region. (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;In the Subantarctic Zone (SAZ) of the southeast Pacific, the densest, coolest, and freshest Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) is formed. There, water masses reset their physicochemical characteristics interchanging properties with the atmosphere, and play a critical role in global climate through their impact on the overturning circulation and oceanic heat and carbon uptake. We estimate the magnitude, variability and uncertainty of the air-sea flux of oxygen from five years of hourly observations around the Observatories Initiative (OOI) Southern Ocean mooring.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The magnitude of oxygen fluxes depends greatly on the parameterization used, particularly for high wind events. Hence, there is a need for validation of the high wind speed regime at high latitudes. Surface waters remain undersaturated from autumn to mid-spring, when most of the annual oxygen uptake occurs. We calculate a total annual flux into the ocean of -12.6 &amp;amp;#177; 3.4 mol m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; yr&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;, with a thermal component of -10.3 &amp;amp;#177; 2.6 mol m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; yr&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; and a non-thermal component of -1.0 &amp;amp;#177; 0.3 mol m&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; yr&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;-1&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;. These results provide the first estimate of oxygen fluxes for the region from high-frequency observations, surpassing previous estimates for the entire SAZ by one order of magnitude.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Selective death of T cell receptor γ/δ+ intraepithelial lymphocytes by apoptosis (1990)

In mice, the majority of T cells expressing the gamma/delta T cell receptor (TcR) are found at mucosal surfaces, especially the intestinal epithelium. Here we show that in vitro, the majority of TcR gamma/delta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes, but not TcR alpha/beta+ intraepithelial lymphocytes, undergo rapid and selective programmed cell death by apoptosis.
Human trophoblast and choriocarcinoma expression of the growth factor pleiotrophin attributable to germ-line insertion of an endogenous retrovirus (1996)

Retroviral elements are found in abundance throughout the human genome but only rarely have alterations of endogenous genes by retroviral insertions been described. Herein we report that a human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) type C is inserted in the human growth factor gene pleiotrophin (PTN) between the 5' untranslated and the coding region. This insert in the human genome expands the region relative to the murine gene. Studies with promoter-reporter constructs show that the HERV insert in the human PTN gene generates an additional promoter with trophoblast-specific activity. Due to this promoter function, fusion transcripts between HERV and the open reading frame of PTN (HERV-PTN) were detected in all normal human trophoblast cell cultures as early as 9 weeks after gestation (n = 7) and in all term placenta tissues (n = 5) but not in other normal adult tissues. Furthermore, only trophoblast-derived choriocarcinoma cell lines expressed HERV-PTN mRNA whereas tumor cell lines derived from the embryoblast (teratocarcinoma) or from other lineages failed to do so. We investigated the significance of HERV-PTN mRNA in a choriocarcinoma model by targeting this transcript with ribozymes and found that the depletion of HERV-PTN mRNA prevents human choriocarcinoma growth, invasion, and angiogenesis in mice. This suggests that the tissue-specific expression of PTN due to the HERV insertion in the human genome supports the highly aggressive growth of human choriocarcinoma and possibly of the human trophoblast.
Single Versus Repeated Dose Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulation in the Differential Diagnosis of Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadism* (1985)

The responses of serum testosterone (T), 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) to four im injections of hCG (5000 IU/1.7 m2) given on days 0, 4, 7, and 10 were studied in 10 prepubertal and 10 pubertal boys with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (groups O and P, respectively). Serum was obtained before each injection and on day 14. The results were compared with those of controls, 16 prepubertal boys with incomplete testicular descent and 6 pubertal boys with constitutional delay of puberty. Serum T levels increased significantly in groups O and P to 2.0 and 4.6 nmol/liter, respectively, after the first injection, then progressively to 5.8 and 11.2 nmol/liter. Basal T levels of group O did not differ from those of the controls, but were subnormal for group P (P less than 0.001). Stimulated T levels were subnormal in both groups (P less than 0.01 and P less than 0.001), but repeated doses increased the difference from the control value only in group P. A difference in E2 response between patients and controls appeared in puberty; only the pubertal control boys had substantial increases in E2 (P less than 0.001). Our results show that the optimal protocol for a diagnostic hCG test in prepubertal boys is a single dose of hCG, with determination of T levels 4 days later. In puberty, if the basal T levels are inconclusive, repeated doses of hCG should be given with determination of both T and E2. These findings also suggest that the full inhibitory effect of E2 on T synthesis results from a pubertal maturation process, possibly induced by endogenous gonadotropins, which cannot be induced by two weeks of hCG stimulation in prepubertal boys or those with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.
Spectral near-field thermal emission extraction by optical waveguides (2019)

As far-field thermal emission is limited by blackbody radiation, the significant enhancement of thermal radiation in the near-field plays a vital role in a variety of applications such as infrared sensing, radiation cooling, and thermophotovoltaics. Yet the techniques of exporting the near-field signal to the far field are still not mature, typically relying on complex instrumentation capable of being applied only to the surfaces of model systems and structures. Here we develop an efficient method of extracting near-field thermal radiation to the far field by integrating a nanoscale thermal emitter with a high-index optical waveguide. By directly depositing the emitter onto the optical waveguide, it requires no vacuum gap and enables efficient coupling of near-field thermal radiation into propagating wave-guided modes. A single-mode planar waveguide incorporated with an indium-tin oxide (ITO) film as a thermal emitter is theoretically investigated to prove the feasibility of thermal extraction. The Wiener-chaos expansion method is applied to directly calculate the thermal radiation from the emitter-waveguide system. We experimentally demonstrate the fidelity of the optical-waveguide-assisted near-field thermal extraction by measuring the emission spectrum of an ITO-coated optical fiber and comparing with theoretical predictions. Our experimental demonstration in conjunction with the direct simulation paves the way for effectively extracting near-field thermal radiation with applications in chemical sensing, infrared imaging, and near-field thermal energy management.
Peering Through the Haze: Privacy and Monitoring in the Cloud Computing Paradigm. (2012)

Abstract not provided.
Synthesis of Diverse Nitrogen-Enriched Heterocyclic Scaffolds Using a Suite of Tunable One-Pot Multicomponent Reactions (2014)

Five elegant and switchable three-component reactions which enable access to a new series of nitrogen-containing heterocycles are reported. A novel one-step addition of an isocyanide to a hydrazine derived Schiff base affords unique six-membered pyridotriazine scaffolds (A and E). With slight modification of reaction conditions and replacement of the nucleophilic isocyanide moiety with different electrophiles (i.e., isocyanates, isothiocyanates, cyclic anhydrides, and acyl chlorides) five-membered triazolopyridine scaffolds (B, D, F, G) are generated in a single step. Furthermore, the use of phenyl hydrazine enables access to dihydroindazole-carboxamides, devoid of a bridge-head nitrogen (C). All protocols are robust and tolerate a diverse collection of reactants, and as such, it is expected that the new scaffolds and associated chemistry will garner high interest from medicinal chemists involved in either file enhancement or specific target-related drug discovery campaigns.
Clinical Outcomes After Microendoscopic Discectomy for Recurrent Lumbar Disc Herniation (2010)

MED is a safe and effective surgical approach for the treatment of recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Standardized measures of outcome show that MED for recurrent herniation produces improvement in pain, disability, and functional health that is at least comparable with outcomes reported for conventional open microdiscectomy.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Efficiency of Water-in-Crude-Oil Emulsion Dehydration by Electrocoalescence in Pilot-Plant and Full-Scale Units (2012)

The electrostatic dehydration of crude-oil emulsions were investigated using pilot-plant and industrial data. The experimental data obtained with seven different crudes over a wide range of viscosities in a pilot plant showed that the electric field and the residence time were the most important operating variables. Various crude-oil properties influenced the emulsion stability, including the total acid number and the resin, asphaltene, and metal contents, but their effects were statistically correlated with the crude-oil viscosity and density. Using pilot-plant data, a power-law model relating the water content in the treated oil to the dehydration operating conditions and the crude-oil viscosity and density was developed to aid in the design and evaluation of industrial units. The model was tested against industrial data and found to be able to predict very well the performance of the industrial units.
A low drift, low noise detection IC applied to MEMS gyros (2007)

Today, the performance and size of micro-gyrometers are mainly limited by their associated electronics. Indeed detection electronics noise and drift induce respectively reduced resolution and stability whereas low drift associated electronics has not been studied. In order to increase the gyrometers performance, the development of a specific detection integrated circuit is presented and special care is taken on the low drift and low noise design.
Transcribing RNA Polymerase II Is Phosphorylated at CTD Residue Serine-7 (2007)

RNA polymerase II is distinguished by its large carboxyl-terminal repeat domain (CTD), composed of repeats of the consensus heptapeptide Tyr1-Ser2-Pro3-Thr4-Ser5-Pro6-Ser7. Differential phosphorylation of serine-2 and serine-5 at the 5' and 3' regions of genes appears to coordinate the localization of transcription and RNA processing factors to the elongating polymerase complex. Using monoclonal antibodies, we reveal serine-7 phosphorylation on transcribed genes. This position does not appear to be phosphorylated in CTDs of less than 20 consensus repeats. The position of repeats where serine-7 is substituted influenced the appearance of distinct phosphorylated forms, suggesting functional differences between CTD regions. Our results indicate that restriction of serine-7 epitopes to the Linker-proximal region limits CTD phosphorylation patterns and is a requirement for optimal gene expression.
The ultimate chrome absorber in photomask making (2008)

193nm-immersion lithography is the most promising technology for 32nm-node device fabrication. A new Cr absorber (TFC) for 193-nm attenuated phase-shift blanks was developed to meet the photomask requirements without any additional process step, such as hardmask etching. TFC was introduced with a design concept of the vertical profile for shorter etching time, the over etching time reduction. As a result, the dry-etching time was dramatically improved by more than 20% shorter than the conventional Cr absorber (TF11) without any process changes. We confirmed that 150nm-resist thickness was possible by TFC. The 32nm technology-node requirement is fully supported by TFC with thinner CAR, such as resolution and CD performance.
White light generation tuned by dual hybridization of nanocrystals and conjugated polymers (2007)

Dual hybridization of highly fluorescent conjugated polymers and highly luminescent nanocrystals (NCs) is developed and demonstrated in multiple combinations for controlled white light generation with high color rendering index (CRI) (&amp;gt; 80) for the first time. The generated white light is tuned using layer-by-layer assembly of CdSe/ZnS core-shell NCs closely packed on polyfluorene, hybridized on near-UV emitting nitride-based light emitting diodes (LEDs). The design, synthesis, growth, fabrication and characterization of these hybrid inorganic-organic white LEDs are presented. The following experimental realizations are reported: (i) layer-by-layer hybridization of yellow NCs (λPL = 580nm) and blue polyfluorene (λPL = 439 nm) with tristimulus coordinates of (x, y) = (0.31, 0.27), correlated color temperature of Tc = 6962 K and CRI of R a = 53.4; (ii) layer-by-layer assembly of yellow and green NCs (λPL = 580 and 540 nm) and blue polyfluorene (λPL = 439 nm) with (x, y) = (0.23, 0.30), Tc = 14395 K and Ra = 65.7; and (iii) layer-by-layer deposition of yellow, green and red NCs (λPL = 580, 540 and 620 nm) and blue polyfluorene (λPL = 439 nm) with (x, y) = (0.38, 0.39), T c = 4052 K and Ra = 83.0. The CRI is demonstrated to be well controlled and significantly improved by increasing multi-chromaticity of the NC and polymer emitters.
The role of geometrical features of the microarchitecture in the cancellous stiffness of the bovine femoral bone (2022)

This study aims to describe the geometrical features of single trabeculae and their network to explain cancellous stiffness as a representative mechanical function from a strength of materials perspective. Compression tests were performed on cancellous bone specimens dissected from a bovine femur as 5-mm cubes to measure cancellous stiffness. The microarchitecture was determined by microfocus X-ray computed tomography, and conventional morphological indicators were analyzed. The length, orientation, and bifurcation characteristics of each trabecula were analyzed by skeletonizing and linearizing the cancellous bone volume. Multiple regression analyses revealed a significant contribution made to cancellous stiffness by the compressive shape factor of the stiffness of single trabeculae, the trabecular orientation, and the bifurcation count, which evaluated the mean number of connected trabeculae at bifurcation points. Bifurcation count made the most significant contribution to cancellous stiffness. The combination of these geometrical indicators expressed the cancellous stiffness (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.85), which indicated as high accuracy as that explained by bone volume fraction, in specific bones that were not affected by bone disease or aging. The present study demonstrated mechanically important geometrical features of the microarchitecture and indicated their complex contributions to cancellous stiffness underlying the contribution of bone volume fraction.