gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance leadership: managing for flexibility (2011)

Purpose Many multi‐business companies apply one performance management approach to all their businesses despite differing needs. This study proposes a flexible approach to managing performance that allows for variation across businesses and over time. Design/methodology/approach Based on a study of over 100 consulting projects in performance management and interviews at 15 major organisations. Findings The best way to simplify performance management is to recognize that it has been approached from the dimensions of people and process for years. The people dimension considers how to get the best out of people and the way they interact with each other. The process dimension is about formal mechanisms for executing strategy and tracking the more quantifiable aspects of performance. Practical implications An insightful framework to help companies develop the right kind of approach to managing performance. Originality/value Based on unique and extensive consulting experience and research data. Distinguishes between performance per se and the process of managing performance. A new framework that combines people and process dimension for selecting the right approach to managing performance.
Copeptin and acute renal failure in critically ill patients (2008)

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common problem in critically ill patients and associated with an adverse prognosis [1]. Vasopressin is a peptide hormone that is released in response to osmotic and haemodynamic changes. An elevation of vasopressin has been suggested to decrease the glomerular filtration rate [2]. In the present study we aimed to assess whether an elevation of vasopressin is associated with the development of ARF in critically ill patients. As vasopressin is highly unstable, copeptin – a stable fragment of the precursor molecule pre-pro-vasopressin that is secreted in equimolar quantities [3] – is used for analysis.
Molecular Evidence of Internal Carbon-Driven Partial Denitrification Annamox (PdNA) in a mainstream Pilot A-B System Coupled with Side-stream EBPR treating municipal wastewater (2023)

Abstract Achieving mainstream short-cut nitrogen removal via nitrite has been a carbon and energy-efficient goal which wastewater engineers are dedicated to explore. This study applied a novel pilot-scale A-B-S2EBPR system process integrated with sidestream enhanced biological phosphorus removal) to achieve the nitrite accumulation and downstream anammox for treating municipal wastewater. Nitrite accumulated to 5.5 ± 0.3 mg N/L in the intermittently aerated tanks of B-stage with the nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 79.1 ± 6.5%. The final effluent concentration and removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) were 4.6 ± 1.8 mg N/L and 84.9 ± 5.6%, respectively. Batch nitrification/denitrification activity tests and functional gene abundance of ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) suggested that the nitrite accumulation was mostly caused by partial denitrification without NOB- selection. The unique features of S2EBPR (longer anaerobic HRT/SRT, lower ORPs, high and more complex VFAs etc.) seemed to impact the nitrogen microbial communities: the conventional AOB kept at a very low level of 0.13 ± 0.13% during the operation period, and the dominant candidate internal carbon-accumulating heterotrophic genera of Acinetobacter (17.8 ± 15.5)% and Comamonadaceae (6.7 ± 3.4%) were highly enriched. Furthermore, the single-cell Raman spectroscopy-based intracellular polymer analysis revealed the dominate microorganisms that could utilize polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) as the potential internal carbon source to drive partial denitrification. This study provides insights and a new direction for implementing the mainstream PdNA short-cut nitrogen removal via incorporating S2EBPR into sustainable A-B process.
Auslegung dynamischer Positionsregelkreise unter Berücksichtigung der Stellgrößenbeschränkung (1996)

Article Auslegung dynamischer Positionsregelkreise unter Berücksichtigung der Stellgrößenbeschränkung was published on September 1, 1996 in the journal at - Automatisierungstechnik (volume 44, issue 9).
Heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB) regulates mammary tumorigenesis through EGFR as well as Her2 signal (2008)

5175 [Introduction]Her2, a member of ErbB family, plays an important role in the progression of breast cancer (BRCA). Herceptin, which is an anti-cancer agent for Her2, has sufficiently improved clinical outcomes of patients. However, 70 % of patients with BRCA have not displayed the overexpression of Her2. We have demonstrated that HB is a promising target for BRCA therapy in spite of the status of Her2 gene. To provide a promising agent for BRCA patients with or without overexpression of Her2, we examined the suppression of tumorigenicity and alterations in ErbB signals in the use of CRM197, a specific inhibitor for HB.  [Method]BRCA cell lines, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, BT549, MCF7, SK-BR-3 and CRL1500 were used in this study. All tissue specimens were obtained from 10 cases with BRCA. Informed consent was already obtained from all patients. We examined mRNA expression index (EI) of EGFR, EGFR ligand and Her2 by real-time PCR and the soluble forms of the EGFR ligands in culture medium by ELISA. We assessed the expression of EGFR, Her2 and tyrosine phosphorylation of EGFR and Her2 by immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting as well as the number of apoptotic cells by flow cytometry after the addition of CRM197, Trastuzumab and Erlotinib into these cell lines. To evaluate the antitumor effects of CRM197, 5x10 6 cells were subcutaneously inoculated on nude mice, and CRM197 (1mg/kg) were injected intraperitoneally each week for four weeks. Each tumor volume was estimated from two dimensional tumor measurements. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test. P 3 and 1.56x10 4 , respectively. The addition of CRM197 significantly increased the numbers of apoptotic cells with attenuation of EGFR and/or Her2 activation in all BRCA cell lines. On the other hand, Erlotinib showed in vitro anti-tumor effect with suppression of EGFR signaling in MDA-MB-231 and BT549, while Trastuzumab showed in vitro anti-tumor effect with suppression of Her2 signaling in MCF7 and CRL1500. In the administration of CRM197, the tumor volume on treated mice was significantly reduced, compared to that on untreated mice in all BRCA cell lines. CRM197 induced the attenuation of EGFR signals and the reduction of Her2 expression. These results indicated that CRM197 inhibited the tumor formation through the blockade of EGFR as well as Her2 signals.[Conclusion]HB is a validating target for BRCA with or without overexpression of Her2, and CRM 197 is a broad applicable anti-cancer agent for BRCA therapy.
Supplemental Table 5 from mWTX-330, an IL-12 INDUKINE Molecule, Activates and Reshapes Tumor-Infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T and NK Cells to Generate Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;EC50 Values and Fold Change in Activity of WTX-330 in Primary Human Tblasts&lt;/p&gt;
A Bipyridine‐Based “Naked‐Eye” Fluorimetric Cu2+ Chemosensor (2010)

Abstract A series of six 2,2′‐bipyridine‐3,3′‐diols with different substituents have been synthesized and characterized. The designed ligands show fluorescence in the visible part of the spectra, but only the luminescence of the less sterically hindered molecules is quenched in the presence of Cu 2+ ions. Selectivity and sensitivity of the chemosensors have been tested by absorption and luminescence spectroscopy in aqueous solutions, with a dynamic working range of 0.7–30 μ M and a limit of detection of 0.04 ppm (mg L –1 ).
Unifying Synchronous Tree-Adjoining Grammars and Tree Transducers via Bimorphisms (2006)

We place synchronous tree-adjoining grammars and tree transducers in the single overarching framework of bimorphisms, continuing the unification of synchronous grammars and tree transducers initiated by Shieber (2004). Along the way, we present a new definition of the tree-adjoining grammar derivation relation based on a novel direct inter-reduction of TAG and monadic macro tree transducers. Tree transformation systems such as tree transducers and synchronous grammars have seen renewed interest, based on a perceived relevance to new applications, such as importing syntactic structure into statistical machine translation models or founding a formalism for speech command and control. The exact relationship among a variety of formalisms has been unclear, with a large number of seemingly unrelated formalisms being independently proposed or characterized. An initial step toward unifying the formalisms was taken (Shieber, 2004) in making use of the formallanguage-theoretic device of bimorphisms, previously used to characterize the tree relations definable by tree transducers. In particular, the tree relations definable by synchronous tree-substitution grammars (STSG) were shown to be just those definable by linear complete bimorphisms, thereby providing for the first time a clear relationship between synchronous grammars and tree transduc-ers. In this work, we show how the bimorphism framework can be used to capture a more powerful formalism, synchronous tree-adjoining grammars, providing a further uniting of the various and disparate formalisms.
Cyclic job shop scheduling using reservation tables (2002)

The use of the reservation table technique to create optimal cyclic schedules is explored. A detailed discussion and analyses are presented of the properties that determine the theoretical maximum initiation rate, the set of all possible initiation strategies, efficient strategies that yield the maximum realizable performance, and the methods for adding delay to a reservation table so that its maximum realizable rate achieves the theoretical maximum rate. These methods inherently allow multiple devices to be reserved concurrently. They can deal with transport time explicitly. They achieve higher initiation rates by including cycles that involve multiple job initiations. The optimizations are fully valid, not heuristic. These scheduling algorithms can be coupled with the planning environment reported by J.K. Chaar and R.A. Volz (1989). The integrated planning/scheduling framework forms a major component of a software engineering environment that the authors are currently developing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantum size effects on the optical band gap of microcrystalline Si:H (1988)

We have succeeded in fabricating the mostly crystallized Si:H materials having a wide optical band gap of up to 2.4 eV by means of a reactive sputtering technique with a low substrate temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}100 K. The structural analysis showed that the materials consist of small crystalline silicon particles surrounded by hydrogen atoms, whose diameters are 20--30 A\r{}. The widening of the optical band gap can be explained by a three-dimensional quantum-well effect in the small particles.
Effect of vaccination with <i>Bm</i>-RAL-2 and <i>Bm</i>-103 individually, concurrently and as a fusion protein on the development of protective immunity manifested as % reduction in worm burdens and % host protection against infection with <i>Brugia malayi</i> L3s in Mongolian gerbils. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Vaccination with &lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-RAL-2 (42 dpi); (B) Vaccination with &lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-103 (42 dpi); (C) Vaccination with &lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-RAL-2—&lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-103 fusion protein or with &lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-RAL-2 + &lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-103 concurrently (90 dpi); (D) Vaccination with &lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-RAL-2—&lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-103 fusion protein or &lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-RAL-2 + &lt;i&gt;Bm&lt;/i&gt;-103 concurrently (150 dpi). Each dot represents the total number of adult worms recovered from an individual animal. The lines represent mean with standard deviation. &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05 denotes a statistically significant difference in total worm recovery (percent reduction) between vaccinated and alum control group, Mann–Whitney U Test, GraphPad Prism 6.&lt;/p&gt;
Determination of electron transfer rate constants in solutions of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene radical anions using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and computer simulation techniques (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of electron transfer rate constants in solutions of benzene, toluene, and p-xylene radical anions using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and computer simulation techniquesGeorge L. Malinoski Jr., W. H. Bruning, and Robert G. GriffinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 9, 2665–2672Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00712a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00712a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Complete Modal Decomposition for Optical Waveguides (2005)

Virtually all electromagnetic waveguiding structures support a multiplicity of modes. Nevertheless, to date, an experimental method for unique decomposition of the fields in terms of the component eigenmodes has not been realized. The fundamental problem is that all current attempts of modal decomposition do not yield phase information. Here we introduce a noninterferometric approach to achieve modal decomposition of the fields at the output of a general waveguiding structure. The technique utilizes a mapping of the two-dimensional field distribution onto the one-dimensional space of waveguide eigenmodes, together with a phase-retrieval algorithm to extract the amplitudes and phases of all the guided vectorial modes. Experimental validation is provided by using this approach to examine the interactions of 16 modes in a hollow-core photonic-band gap fiber.
Prevalence of wet litter and the associated risk factors in broiler flocks in the United Kingdom (2006)

A postal questionnaire was sent to the managers of 857 broiler farms in the UK to determine the prevalence and risk factors for wet litter. The response rate was 75 per cent. Wet litter was reported by 75 per cent (95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 71.3 to 78.3) of the respondents in at least one flock during the year 2001 and 56.1 per cent (95 per cent CI 52.0 to 60.0) of them reported that they had an outbreak of wet litter in their most recently reared flock. Wet litter occurred more often during the winter months and farms using side ventilation systems were at an increased risk (odds ratio 1.74; 95 per cent CI 1.09 to 2.76). A multivariable analysis was carried out using two different definitions of wet litter as outcome variables - all cases of wet litter, and cases of wet litter associated with disease. Consistent risk factors for both outcomes were coccidiosis, feed equipment failures and the availability of separate farm clothing for each house. Cases of wet litter associated with disease were reported by 33.7 per cent (95 per cent CI 28.8 to 39.1) of the managers in their last flock and were associated with the use of hand sanitisers and broiler houses with walls made of concrete.
Single season changes in resting state network power and the connectivity between regions distinguish head impact exposure level in high school and youth football players (2018)

The effect of repetitive sub-concussive head impact exposure in contact sports like American football on brain health is poorly understood, especially in the understudied populations of youth and high school players. These players, aged 9-18 years old may be particularly susceptible to impact exposure as their brains are undergoing rapid maturation. This study helps fill the void by quantifying the association between head impact exposure and functional connectivity, an important aspect of brain health measurable via resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI). The contributions of this paper are three fold. <i>First</i>, the data from two separate studies (youth and high school) are combined to form a high-powered analysis with 60 players. These players experience head acceleration within overlapping impact exposure making their combination particularly appropriate. <i>Second,</i> multiple features are extracted from rs-fMRI and tested for their association with impact exposure. One type of feature is the power spectral density decomposition of intrinsic, spatially distributed networks extracted via independent components analysis (ICA). Another feature type is the functional connectivity between brain regions known often associated with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). <i>Third</i>, multiple supervised machine learning algorithms are evaluated for their stability and predictive accuracy in a low bias, nested cross-validation modeling framework. Each classifier predicts whether a player sustained low or high levels of head impact exposure. The nested cross validation reveals similarly high classification performance across the feature types, and the Support Vector, Extremely randomized trees, and Gradboost classifiers achieve F1-score up to 75%.
Looking Glass Inhibitors: L‐DMDP, a More Potent and Specific Inhibitor of α‐Glucosidases than the Enantiomeric Natural Product DMDP. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovering temporal hidden contexts in web sessions for user trail prediction (2013)

In many web information systems such as e-shops and information portals, predictive modeling is used to understand user's intentions based on their browsing behaviour. User behavior is inherently sensitive to various hidden contexts. It has been shown in different experimental studies that exploitation of contextual information can help in improving prediction performance significantly. It is reasonable to assume that users may change their intents during one web session and that changes are influenced by some external factors such as switch in temporal context e.g. 'users want to find information about a specific product' and after a while 'they want to buy this product'. A web session can be represented as a sequence of user's actions where actions are ordered by time. The generation of a web session might be influenced by several hidden temporal contexts. Each session can be represented as a concatenation of independent segments, each of which is influenced by one corresponding context. We show how to learn how to apply different predictive models for each segment in this work. We define the problem of discovering temporal hidden contexts in such way that we optimize directly the accuracy of predictive models (e.g. users' trails prediction) during the process of context acquisition. Our empirical study on a real dataset demonstrates the effectiveness of our method.
Automatic error finding in access-control policies (2011)

Verifying that access-control systems maintain desired security properties is recognized as an important problem in security. Enterprise access-control systems have grown to protect tens of thousands of resources, and there is a need for verification to scale commensurately. We present a new abstraction-refinement technique for automatically finding errors in Administrative Role-Based Access Control (ARBAC) security policies. ARBAC is the first and most comprehensive administrative scheme for Role-Based Access Control (RBAC) systems. Underlying our approach is a change in mindset: we propose that error finding complements verification, can be more scalable, and allows for the use of a wider variety of techniques. In our approach, we use an abstraction-refinement technique to first identify and discard roles that are unlikely to be relevant to the verification question (the abstraction step), and then restore such abstracted roles incrementally (the refinement steps). Errors are one-sided: if there is an error in the abstracted policy, then there is an error in the original policy. If there is an error in a policy whose role-dependency graph diameter is smaller than a certain bound, then we find the error. Our abstraction-refinement technique complements conventional state-space exploration techniques such as model checking. We have implemented our technique in an access-control policy analysis tool. We show empirically that our tool scales well to realistic policies, and is orders of magnitude faster than prior tools.
Responses of tumor cell pseudopod protrusion to changes in medium osmolality (1996)

The potential involvement of osmotically generated force in protrusion of tumor cell pseudopods was examined during a micropipette assay. Experiments were performed on single A2058 melanoma cells activated by a micropipette filled with soluble type IV collagen. Previous observations suggested that tumor cell pseudopod protrusion induced by type IV collagen took place in distinct, separable phases: an initial bleb (first phase) caused by localized Ca2+-activated actin filament severing resulting in an osmotic flux followed by an extension with an irregular shape (second phase) which required G protein-mediated actin polymerization (Dong et al., 1994, Microvasc. Res., 47:55-67). Presently we studied cell pseudopod protrusion in response to the changes in chemoattractant osmolality. Reduction of attractant osmolality by 20-25% from its baseline value (297 mmol/ kg) resulted in an increase in pseudopod length by 50% apparent in the initial phase. Increases in attractant osmolality by 25-30% from the baseline value arrested pseudopod protrusion significantly during both initial and later phases. Using a dual-pipette method, such osmotic influence on the cell pseudopod protrusion was shown to be only a local effect in a small region where the cell surface was stimulated by the micropipette. While forces derived from actin polymerization and osmotic pressure have been proposed to cause protrusion in general, our results suggested that osmotically generated force is more apparent in the initial phase of the pseudopod formation.
Supramolecular chemistry under mechanochemical conditions: a small molecule template generated and integrated into a molecular-to-supramolecular and back-to-molecular cascade reaction (2020)

We describe the integration of a small-molecule hydrogen-bond-donor template into a cascade reaction that is comprised of a combination of molecular and supramolecular events. The cascade is performed mechanochemically and in the presence of μL amounts of water. The small-molecule template is generated (molecular) using water-assisted vortex grinding and is then used to assemble an alkene (supramolecular) to undergo an intermolecular [2 + 2] photodimerization reaction (molecular). The chemical cascade results in a cyclobutane photoproduct that we show serves as a building block of a hydrogen-bonded network with a topology that conforms to T-silica. Remarkably, the molecular-supramolecular-molecular chemical cascade occurs stepwise and entirely regioselectively within the continuous mechanochemical conditions employed.