gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response-Time Analysis for Multi-Mode Tasks in Real-Time Multiprocessor Systems (2020)

Recently, traditional real-time systems that played a dedicated role in a limited environment have been evolving to interact with dynamically varying environments. In modern real-time systems, characteristics of real-time tasks such as computational demand and resource allocation can vary over time according to different circumstances, which is referred to as mode transition. In this paper, we focus on the problem of timing guarantees of a set of multi-mode tasks associated with mode transitions and develop an offline schedulability analysis, which does not require any online information; this is an important problem in the real-time systems area. The proposed schedulability analysis not only generalizes an existing framework designed for single-mode tasks, but also significantly improves the state-of-the-art framework designed for multi-mode tasks. Building on the proposed analysis, we also address the problem of enforcing the order of tasks within each mode transition and propose a task-level transition order assignment algorithm, yielding further improvement in schedulability performance. Through simulations, our proposed framework is shown to improve schedulability up to 777.3% over an existing schedulability analysis for multi-mode tasks, depending on the experiment setting under our evaluation environment.
Ethical Implications of the Use of Language Analysis Technologies for the Diagnosis and Prediction of Psychiatric Disorders (2022)

Recent developments in artificial intelligence technologies have come to a point where machine learning algorithms can infer mental status based on someone's photos and texts posted on social media. More than that, these algorithms are able to predict, with a reasonable degree of accuracy, future mental illness. They potentially represent an important advance in mental health care for preventive and early diagnosis initiatives, and for aiding professionals in the follow-up and prognosis of their patients. However, important issues call for major caution in the use of such technologies, namely, privacy and the stigma related to mental disorders. In this paper, we discuss the bioethical implications of using such technologies to diagnose and predict future mental illness, given the current scenario of swiftly growing technologies that analyze human language and the online availability of personal information given by social media. We also suggest future directions to be taken to minimize the misuse of such important technologies.
Understanding Radio Irregularity in Wireless Networks (2008)

In an effort to better understand connectivity and capacity in wireless networks, the log-normal shadowing radio propagation model is used to capture radio irregularities and obstacles in the transmission path. Existing results indicate that log-normal shadowing results in higher connectivity and interference levels as shadowing (i.e., the radio irregularity) increases. In this paper we demonstrate that such a behavior is mainly caused by an unnatural bias of the log-normal shadowing radio propagation model that results in a larger transmission range as shadowing increases. To avoid this effect, we analyze connectivity and interference under log-normal shadowing using a normalization that compensates for the enlarged radio transmission range. Our analysis shows that log-normal shadowing still improves the connectivity of a wireless network and even reduces interference. We explain this behavior by studying in detail what network parameters are affected by shadowing. Our results indicate that, when it comes to connectivity and interference, an analysis based on a circular transmission range leads to worst case results.
A New Approach To Studying the Mechanism of Catalytic Reactions:  An Investigation into the Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Norbornadiene and Dimethylfumarate Using Polyethylene Matrices at Low Temperature and High Pressure (2001)

This paper presents a new method for investigating the mechanisms of homogeneously catalyzed reactions involving gases, particularly H2. We show how the combination of polyethylene (PE) matrices and high pressure−low temperature (HPLT) experiments can be used to provide new mechanistic information on hydrogenation processes. In particular, we show how we are able to generate reaction intermediates at low temperature, and then to extract the contents of the PE film at room temperature to characterize the organic products using GC-MS. We have used our new technique to probe both the hydrogenation of dimethyl fumarate (DF), using Fe(CO)4(η2-DF) as the catalytic species, and the hydrogenation of norbornadiene (NBD), using (NBD)M(CO)4 (M = Cr or Mo) as the catalytic species. Irradiation of Fe(CO)4(η2-DF) in a PE matrix at 150 K resulted in the formation of an intermediate complex tentatively assigned Fe(CO)3(η4-DF). Warming this complex to 260 K under H2 leads to the formation of Fe(CO)3(η2-DF)(η2-H2). Further warming of the reaction system results in the hydrogenation of the coordinated DF, to generate dimethyl succinate (DS). Characterization of the intermediate species was obtained using FTIR spectroscopy. Formation of DS was confirmed using both FTIR spectroscopy and GC-MS analysis. UV photolysis of (NBD)M(CO)4 in PE under H2 in the presence of excess NBD results in the formation of the hydrogenated products norbornene (NBN) and nortricyclene (NTC), with trace amounts of norbornane (NBA) being observed. These products were in similar ratios to those observed in fluid solution. However, for (NBD)Mo(CO)4, the relative amounts of the organic products change considerably when the reaction is repeated in PE under H2 in the absence of free NBD, with NBA being the major product. The use of our HPLT cell allows us to vent and exchange high pressures of gases with ease, and as such we have performed gas exchange reactions with H2 and D2. Analysis of the reaction products from these exchange reactions with GC-MS provides evidence for the mechanism of formation of NBA, in both the presence and absence of excess NBD, a reaction which has been largely ignored in previous studies.
Structure and biosynthesis of diesters of alkane-2,3-diols of the uropygial glands of ring-necked pheasants (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and biosynthesis of diesters of alkane-2,3-diols of the uropygial glands of ring-necked pheasantsWajih N. Sawaya and P. E. KolattukudyCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 23, 4398–4406Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00773a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00773a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hue Change in Interference-Colored Fibers with an Alternating Multilayer Structure (2003)

The change in hue of interference-colored fibers, which are consisting of alternating multilayer structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polyamide 6 (Ny-6) covered with PET clad, was investigated in comparison with that of ordinary dyed PET fibers. The results indicated that, when an incident light was applied to the dyed PET fibers either parallel to or vertical to the fiber axis, although the chromaticness index (a*, b*) plotted on a*- b* coordinates changed in distance from the origin as the receiving angle β was increased from -30° to 70°, no change was observed in its track direction. On the other hand, the track of the chromaticness index for the interference-colored fibers changed substantially between incident lights parallel to and vertical to the fiber axis. In the former case, the chromaticness index plots were virtually all near the origin even though β was varied and tended to move substantially away from the origin in the range of specular reflection angles between 44° and 46°. In the latter case, however, the track of the chromaticness index moved counterclockwise in an arc shape from the second quadrant to the third and fourth quadrants with increasing β, clearly indicating a substantial change in hue. The interference-colored fibers were regarded as an alternating multilayer structure, and their reflection spectra were simulated taking into account the refractive index anisotropy (birefringence) of PET and Ny-6. The chromaticness index was found from the data thus obtained and plotted as coordinates in the same way as described above. As a result, the index was evaluated on the basis of an analysis of the simulation results and its track was plotted on the a*- b* coordinates. It was observed that the tendency of the chromaticness index track relative to the change in β was nearly the same as that seen when an incident light was vertical to the fiber axis. It is thought that the change in hue of the interference-colored fibers due to β is mainly attributable to the variation in the length of the optical path in their alternating multilayer structure.
New Synthesis of 2′,4′-Functionalized Nucleotides via Stereospecific Hydrogenation and Azidation Reactions (2012)

The synthesis of an anti-infective nucleoside derivative was accomplished through selective hydrogenation using an achiral ligand to establish the stereochemistry of the 2′ stereogenic center. The quaternary 4′ center was introduced through stereoselective epoxidation with dimethyl dioxirane followed by a regioselective, stereospecific epoxide opening with trimethylsilyl azide.
Femtosecond laser writing of waveguides in zinc phosphate glasses [Invited] (2011)

We have studied the relationship between the initial glass composition and the structural changes associated with laser-induced refractive index modification in a series of Er-Yb doped and undoped zinc phosphate glasses. White light microscopy and waveguide experiments are used together with Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy to characterize the structural changes. The correlation between Raman peak shifts and fluorescence from phosphorus–oxygen hole center (POHC) defects indicates that fs-laser writing results in a depolymerization of the phosphate glass network. The results also show that the exact glass composition should be taken into account when fabricating waveguide devices in phosphate glasses, in order to both expand the fs-laser processing conditions and maximize favorable morphological changes for 3-D photonic devices
Metal-Hydrogen-Pi-Bonded Organic Frameworks (2021)

We report the synthesis and characterization of a new series of permanently porous, three-dimensional metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), M-HAF-2 (M= Fe, Ga or In), constructed from tetratopic, hydroxamate-based, chelating linkers. The structure of M-HAF-2 was determined by three-dimensional electron diffraction (3DED), revealing a unique interpenetrated hcb-a net topology. This unusual topology is enabled by the presence of free hydroxamate groups, which lead to the formation of a diverse network of cooperative interactions comprising single metal-hydroxamate nodes, staggered π–π interactions between linkers and H-bonding interactions between metal-coordinated and free hydroxamate groups. Such extensive, multimodal interconnectivity is reminiscent of the complex noncovalent interaction networks of proteins and endows M-HAF-2 frameworks with good thermal and exceptionally high chemical stability and allows them to readily undergo post-synthetic metal exchange (PSE). We demonstrate that M-HAF-2 can serve as versatile porous materials for ionic separations, likely aided by one-dimensional channels lined by continuously π-stacked aromatic groups and H-bonding hydroxamate functionalities. As a new addition to the small group of hydroxamate-based MOFs, M-HAF-2 represents a structural merger between MOFs and hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs).
Outcomes of Blalock-Taussig shunts in current era: A single center experience (2017)

The commonest indication for a MBTS in the current era was single ventricle palliation. Morbidity and mortality was considerable, partly explained by the higher at risk population. Alternative methods to maintain pulmonary blood flow in place of a MBTS requires further investigation.
Localization, not perturbation, affects visuomotor recalibration (2005)

The visuomotor system recalibrates when visual and motor maps are in conflict, bringing the maps back into correspondence. For recalibration to occur, a conflict has to be detected. Ernst and Endreß (VSS '04) showed that the rate of recalibration in a one-dimensional visually guided pointing task depends on the uncertainty of the feedback: faster recalibration with less uncertainty. In the present work, we examined two-dimensional recalibration and how the form of visual feedback affects it. Subjects pointed with an unseen hand to a brief visual target. Visual feedback was given indicating where the point landed. We introduced a constant conflict between pointing and feedback location and examined the changes in pointing as the subject adapted. We asked whether differential vertical and horizontal uncertainty in the visual feedback affects recalibration rate differentially, or whether rate is determined by the total uncertainty. We also varied feedback uncertainty in two ways. (1) We blurred the visual feedback, thereby reducing its localizability; in this condition, uncertainty could be determined on-line from one feedback stimulus. (2) We introduced random trial-by-trial perturbations in the feedback; in this condition, uncertainty had to be learned over time. In both cases, the distributions determining the vertical and horizontal uncertainties were 2D Gaussians. Adaptation profiles (changes over time in the point location relative to the visual feedback) changed only in response to changes in localizability. Recalibration was slowest in the direction of greatest uncertainty when uncertainty was due to blur, but rate was unaffected by trial-by-trial variation. This means that subjects do not estimate uncertainty over time in order to adjust reaching. Rather, they adjust trial by trial based mostly on feedback from the previous trial.
Solvent effects on the kinetics and thermodynamics of stacking in poly(cytidylic acid) (1981)

The Raman laser temperature-jump technique has been used to measure the kinetics of the coil to helix reaction of poly(cytidylic acid) [poly(C)] in aqueous cosolvent mixtures. The rate of helix formation has a low activation energy and is proportional to reciprocal solvent viscosity. The observations suggest helix formation is rotationally diffusion controlled. The rate of coil formation in poly(C) has an activation energy of approximately 11 kcal/mol, presumably reflecting the electronic stacking interactions which stabilize the helix. Viscous cosolvents, glycerol or sucrose, slow down the rate of coil formation; acetonitrile and formamide at 5 mol % increase the rate relative to that in water. The polar cosolvents may specifically attack a cytosine stack. The absorbance vs. temperature profiles for poly(C) are analyzed with the one-dimensional Ising model. When only optical data are used, the cooperativity parameter, sigma, and the enthalpy, delta H, cannot be uniquely determined. A method is proposed that allows determination of sigma by combining spectroscopic and calorimetric data. The values of sigma derived for poly(C) are between 0.8 and 1.0, and delta H is about -9 kcal/mol of stack. An alternative method using integration of the excess heat capacity curve and extrapolation to fully stacked and random coil species yields a delta H of -7 kcal/mol of stack.
Electronic structures of some .eta.3-allyl transition-metal complexes (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic structures of some .eta.3-allyl transition-metal complexesS. D. Worley, Dorothy H. Gibson, and Wen-Liang HsuCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1981, 20, 4, 1327–1328Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50218a080https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50218a080research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Uplink Data Detection Analysis of 1-Bit Quantized Massive MIMO (2021)

This paper presents an analytical framework for the data detection in massive multiple-input multiple-output uplink systems with 1-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). Considering the single-user case, we provide closed-form expressions of the expected value and the variance of the estimated symbols when maximum ratio combining is adopted at the base station (BS) along with their asymptotic behavior at high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). These results are exploited to enhance the performance of maximum likelihood detection by taking into account the dispersion of the estimated symbols about their expected values. The symbol error rate with 1-bit ADCs is evaluated with respect to the number of BS antennas, the SNR, and the pilot length used for the channel estimation. The proposed analysis highlights a fundamental SNR trade-off, according to which operating at the right SNR considerably improves the data detection accuracy.
Emergence of Elastic Properties in a Minimalist Resilin‐Derived Heptapeptide upon Bromination (2022)

Bromination is herein exploited to promote the emergence of elastic behavior in a short peptide-SDSYGAP-derived from resilin, a rubber-like protein exerting its role in the jumping and flight systems of insects. Elastic and resilient hydrogels are obtained, which also show self-healing behavior, thanks to the promoted non-covalent interactions that limit deformations and contribute to the structural recovery of the peptide-based hydrogel. In particular, halogen bonds may stabilize the β-sheet organization working as non-covalent cross-links between nearby peptide strands. Importantly, the unmodified peptide (i.e., wild type) does not show such properties. Thus, SDSY(3,5-Br)GAP is a novel minimalist peptide elastomer.
Experimental Characterization of Silicon and Gallium Nitride 200 V Power Semiconductors for Modular/Multi-Level Converters Using Advanced Measurement Techniques (2019)

The increasing demand for higher power densities and higher efficiencies in power electronics, driven by the aerospace, electric vehicle, and renewable energy industries, encourages the development of new converter concepts. In particular, modular and/or multi-level (M/ML) topologies are employed to break the performance barriers of the state-of-the-art power converters by simultaneously reducing the system losses and volume/weight. These improvements mainly originate from the replacement of high-voltage transistors, typical of two-level converters, with low-voltage, e.g., 200 V, devices, offering superior electric performance. Hence, two low on-state resistance silicon (Si) and gallium nitride (GaN) 200 V power semiconductors are comprehensively characterized in this article to support the multi-objective optimization and the design of M/ML power converters. First, the selected devices are analyzed experimentally determining their conduction, thermal, and switching characteristics; for this purpose, a novel ultra-fast transient calorimetric measurement method is introduced and explained in detail. In the course of this analysis, an unexpected switching loss mechanism is observed in the Si devices at hand; the physical reason of this behavior is clarified and it is proven to be solved in the next-generation research samples, which are also characterized by measurements. Finally, the influence of the measured power semiconductors' performance on the overall efficiency and power density of a typical converter is determined through a case study analyzing a hard switching half-bridge operated as a single-phase inverter, i.e., the fundamental building block of several M/ML topologies. It is concluded that, in this voltage and power class, GaN e-FETs are nowadays approximately a factor of three superior to Si power MOSFETs; however, the better heat dissipation achieved by the latter still makes them the preferred solution for higher power applications.
Atomic Force Microscopic Analysis of Highly Defined Protein Patterns Formed by Microfluidic Networks (1999)

This paper describes the formation of highly defined two-dimensional protein arrays onto a polymeric substrate expressing biotin functionalities at its surface. Micron-scale arrays of avidin were created by exploiting its interaction with biotin, thereby creating a versatile patterned surface onto which any biotinylated species can be subsequently immobilized. The patterning process utilized the technique of microfluidic networks (μFN) to spatially confine the flow of protein solution on a substrate. We describe methods developed to control protein deposition with nanometer-scale precision. Utilizing atomic force microscopy (AFM), these patterned surfaces were analyzed to the molecular level. In addition, the applicability of this technique to a wider range of substrates has been investigated. In particular, developments within the μFN technique have enabled the successful formation of protein micropatterns onto a highly hydrophilic surface, a substrate which is generally not suited to the technique of μFN.