gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutagenesis of Burkholderia pseudomallei with Tn5-OT182: isolation of motility mutants and molecular characterization of the flagellin structural gene (1997)

Burkholderia pseudomallei is a human and animal pathogen in tropical regions, especially Southeast Asia and northern Australia. Currently little is known about the genetics and molecular biology of this organism. In this report, we describe the mutagenesis of B. pseudomallei with the transposon Tn5-OT182. B. pseudomallei 1026b transposon mutants were obtained at a frequency of 4.6 x 10(-4) per initial donor cell, and the transposon inserted randomly into the chromosome. We used Tn5-OT182 to identify the flagellin structural gene, fliC. We screened 3,500 transposon mutants and identified 28 motility mutants. Tn5-OT182 integrated into 19 unique genetic loci encoding proteins with homology to Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium flagellar and chemotaxis proteins. Two mutants, MM35 and MM36, contained Tn5-OT182 integrations in fliC. We cloned and sequenced fliC and used it to complement MM35 and MM36 in trans. The fliC transcriptional start site and a sigmaF-like promoter were identified by primer extension analysis. We observed a significant difference in the expression of two distinct fliC-lacZ transcriptional fusions during bacterial growth, suggesting the presence of a latent intragenic transcriptional terminator in fliC. There was no significant difference in the virulence of 1026b compared to that of MM36 in diabetic rats or Syrian hamsters, suggesting that flagella and/or motility are probably not virulence determinants in these animal models of B. pseudomallei infection. A phylogenetic analysis based on the flagellins from a variety of bacterial species supported the recent transfer of B. pseudomallei from the genus Pseudomonas to Burkholderia.
Liquid Phase Process Characterization (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Overview Background System Design Basis Heat Transfer in Laminar Pipe Flow Mixing at the Reactor Inlet Tee Characteristic Mixing Time Analysis Two-dimensional Simulation Pressure Drop in Laminar Pipe Flow Axial Dispersion in Laminar Pipe Flow Plug Flow Criterion Injector Loop Sizing System Capabilities System Overview Feed System Robotics Feed Preparation Reactor On-line GC Analysis Process Control Experimental Evaluation Materials of Construction Effects Summary Quantitative Measurements of Reaction Kinetics Conclusions Nomenclature References
Detection of Trace Metals in Asphaltenes Using an Advanced Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) Technique (2009)

The significance of trace elements in the petroleum industry has increased because of the role of non-hydrocarbon components in the elucidation of the mechanisms of migration and origin of crudes. Determining the amounts of trace elements is also very important in the petroleum industry for refining and processing of crudes and even exploration. In the development of different instrumental analytical techniques for trace elemental analysis of crudes and its products, little attention has been devoted to the broad variation in data because of poor sampling and the proper nature of the matrix. Accurate detection of trace metals in asphaltene samples using conventional methods is not a trivial task. In this work, the determination of 13 trace elements in asphaltenes including Co, Fe, V, Ni, Pb, P, Mo, Ca, Si, Ti, Mn, Cd, and Cu are reported for the first time using an advanced laser-based analytical technique. For this purpose, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) using a Nd:YAG laser at 1064 nm was employed to determine the concentration of these trace elements present in four asphaltene samples derived from the marketable Saudi Arabian crude oils. The concentration determined with our LIBS setup of different trace metals present in the same samples was also measured using a standard technique, such as inductively coupled plasma (ICP), and results achieved with LIBS are in close agreement with ICP results. The limit of detection for these elements was also determined and reported. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the LIBS technique has been applied for the determination of trace metals in asphaltenes. The unique features of LIBS are no or little sample preparation requirement, fast and rapid analysis, and in situ detection, which are lacking in the conventional analytical techniques.
Pancreatic tissue oxygenation during secretory stimulation (1986)

Pancreatic acinar tissue O2 tension (PO2) was measured in anesthetized rats using recessed-tip microelectrodes (tip diam 1-2 micron). Pancreatic blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres. Volume rate of pancreatic secretion, as well as protein concentration, was also measured. Average resting PO2 was 24.8 +/- 1.6 mmHg, with relatively little variation evident within a given pancreas. Bolus intravenous infusion of cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-OP, 4 micrograms X kg body wt-1) induced a reduction in tissue PO2 and profoundly increased protein output, while not directly affecting pancreatic blood flow. By contrast, secretin infusion (1.0 CU X kg body wt-1 iv bolus) affected neither tissue PO2 nor blood flow, although secretory rate increased by nearly sevenfold. This difference in PO2 response to the two compounds is interpreted in light of the fact that CCK-OP primarily stimulates acinar cell function, while secretin preferentially activates secretory epithelium. Pancreatic PO2 was found to be linearly related to resting blood flow at flows above 44 ml X min-1 X 100 g-1. No regional differences in blood flow were found in the head, body, and tail of the pancreas.
ChemInform Abstract: Oligomeric Building Block Approach to the Synthesis of Diastereomerically Pure Pentathymidine 3′,5′‐Methanephosphonates. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Population-scale hand tremor analysis via anonymized mouse cursor signals (2019)

Tremors are a common movement disorder with a spectrum of benign and pathological causes, including neurodegenerative disease, alcohol withdrawal, and physical overexertion. Studies of tremors in clinical practice are limited in size and scope and depend on explicit tracking of tremor characteristics by clinicians. Data drawn from small numbers of patients observed in short-duration sessions pose challenges for understanding the nature and distribution of tremors over a large population. Methods are presented to estimate hand tremors based on anonymized computer mouse cursor movement data collected from millions of users of a web search engine. To determine the feasibility of using this signal for the estimation of the prevalence of tremors over a large population, the characteristics of tremor-like movements are computed and compared against user data that can be interpreted as self-reports, the findings of published clinical studies, and a target selection study where participants self-report hand tremors and known causes. The results demonstrate significant alignment between estimated tremors and both self-reports and clinical findings. Those with cursor tremor events are more likely to report tremor-related search interests. Variations in cursor tremor quantity and cursor tremor frequency with demographics mirror those from clinical studies. Distributions of cursor tremor frequencies vary as expected for different medical conditions. Overall, the study finds evidence for the validity of harnessing anonymized mouse cursor motion as a population-scale tremor sensor for epidemiologic studies. Feasible future applications include opt-in services for screening and for monitoring the progression of illness.
Learning to quantify emphysema extent: What labels do we need? (2018)

Accurate assessment of pulmonary emphysema is crucial to assess disease severity and subtype, to monitor disease progression and to predict lung cancer risk. However, visual assessment is time-consuming and subject to substantial inter-rater variability and standard densitometry approaches to quantify emphysema remain inferior to visual scoring. We explore if machine learning methods that learn from a large dataset of visually assessed CT scans can provide accurate estimates of emphysema extent. We further investigate if machine learning algorithms that learn from a scoring of emphysema extent can outperform algorithms that learn only from a scoring of emphysema presence. We compare four Multiple Instance Learning classifiers that are trained on emphysema presence labels, and five Learning with Label Proportions classifiers that are trained on emphysema extent labels. We evaluate performance on 600 low-dose CT scans from the Danish Lung Cancer Screening Trial and find that learning from emphysema presence labels, which are much easier to obtain, gives equally good performance to learning from emphysema extent labels. The best classifiers achieve intra-class correlation coefficients around 0.90 and average overall agreement with raters of 78% and 79% on six emphysema extent classes versus inter-rater agreement of 83%.
Personal cooling air filtering device (2023)

A temperature modification system for modifying the temperature of fluids includes at least one thermally conductive carbon foam element, the carbon foam element having at least one flow channel for the passage of fluids. At least one temperature modification device is provided, the temperature modification device thermally connected to the carbon foam element and adapted to modify the temperature of the carbon foam to modify the temperature of fluids flowing through the flow channels. Thermoelectric and/or thermoionic elements can preferably be used as the temperature modification device. A method for the reversible temperature modification of fluids includes the steps of providing a temperature modification system including at least one thermally conductive carbon foam element having flow channels and at least one temperature modification device, and flowing a fluid through the flow channels.
Synthesis of the tetranuclear mixed-metal carbido clusters [WRu3L(CO)11(µ4-C)(µ-H)]via methoxymethylidyne clusters [WRu3L(CO)11(µ3-COMe)](L =η-C5H5or η-C5Me5). Crystal structures of [WRu3(η-C5Me5)(CO)11(µ3-COMe)] and [WRu3(η-C5H5)(CO)11(µ4-C)(µ-H)] (1990)

Treatment of the complex [Ru3(CO)10(µ-COMe)H] with a slight excess of [WL(CO)3H](L =η-C5H5 or η-C5Me5) in refluxing toluene solution (45 min) produces a methoxymethylidyne complex [WRu3L(CO)11(µ3-COMe)][L =η-C5H5, (4a); or η-C5Me5, (4b)]. Hydrogenation of (4a) and (4b) in toluene induces scission of the C–O bond, giving a unique carbido cluster [WRu3L(CO)11(µ4-C)(µ-H)][L =η-C5H5, (3a); or η-C5Me5, (3b)]. The crystal structures of complexes (4b) and (3a) have been determined. Crystal data for (4b); space group P21/c, a= 8.993(2), b= 14.565(3), c= 21.090(3)Å, β= 90.66(2)°, Z= 4, R= 0.029, and R′= 0.030. Crystal data for (3a): space group Pca21, a= 19.685(3), b= 7.855(3), c= 14.054(3)Å, Z= 4, R= 0.033, and R′= 0.037.
Understanding of Diagrams and Expository Text by Resolving Ambiguities of Interpretation (1996)

In technical documents, diagrams are generally utilized with expository text aiming at concise presentation of information. Since the information is conveyed by both text and diagrams, it is necessary to understand both of them to extract information from documents. In this paper, we propose a method of understanding of expository text with diagrams. One of the central issues of such understanding is how to cope with ambiguities in the results of processing of text and diagrams. To solve this problem, the following steps are employed: (1) Information extracted from text and a diagram is described based on the common representation called relational representation which enables us to describe the ambiguities explicitly. (2) The extracted relational representations are unified by hypothesizing the references from text to a diagram. (3) The maximum and consistent set of hypothesized references is obtained to resolve ambiguities. Based on the experimental results for some pairs of text and a diagram, we discuss the advantages and the limitations of our method.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleotide Base Recognition: A Macrocyclic Receptor for Adenine Employing Hydrogen Bonding and Aromatic Stacking Interactions. (1989)

Abstract Reductive dimerization and deprotection of (I) affords diamine (II) which is coupled (high dilution) with diacid chlorides (III) to give the macrocyclic receptors (IV) (X‐ray structures given).
Asymmetry and Switching Phenomenology in TiN\(Al2O3)\HfO2\Hf Systems (2012)

In this letter, we address the bipolar resistive switching phenomenology in scaled TiN\HfO2\Hf cells. By means of stack engineering using a thin Al2O3 layer inserted either at the TiN\HfO2 or at the Hf\HfO2 interface, we demonstrate that the reset operation takes place close to the TiN anode. Due to the increase of the oxygen-vacancy profile from the TiN to the Hf interface, the filament-confining and wide band-gap Al2O3 layer should indeed be engineered at the interface with the TiN electrode in order to further improve the switching control and to allow reaching larger state resistances.
CDNF Protects the Nigrostriatal Dopamine System and Promotes Recovery after MPTP Treatment in Mice (2011)

Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) is a recently discovered protein, which belongs to the evolutionarily conserved CDNF/MANF family of neurotrophic factors. The degeneration of dopamine neurons following 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) treatment is well characterized, and efficacy in this model is considered a standard criterion for development of parkinsonian therapies. MPTP is a neurotoxin, which produces parkinsonian symptoms in humans and in C57/Bl6 mice. To date, there are no reports about the effects of CDNF on dopamine neuron survival or function in the MPTP rodent model, a critical gap. Therefore, we studied whether CDNF has neuroprotective and neurorestorative properties for the nigrostriatal dopamine system after MPTP injections in C57/Bl6 mice. We found that bilateral striatal CDNF injections, given 20 h before MPTP, improved horizontal and vertical motor behavior. CDNF pretreatment increased tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunoreactivity in the striatum and in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNpr), as well as the number of TH-positive cells in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). Posttreatment with CDNF, given 1 week after MPTP injections, increased horizontal and vertical motor behavior of mice, as well as dopamine fiber densities in the striatum and the number of TH-positive cells in SNpc. CDNF did not alter any of the analyzed dopaminergic biomarkers or locomotor behavior in MPTP-untreated animals. We conclude that striatal CDNF administration is both neuroprotective and neurorestorative for the TH-positive cells in the nigrostriatal dopamine system in the MPTP model, which supports the development of CDNF-based treatment for Parkinson's disease.
Design Rules for Low Electrical Power Consumption in Nonlinear Silicon Waveguides with Active Carrier Removal (2021)

We report an experimental study on p-n junction equipped silicon waveguides, presenting the optimized parameters to achieve effective nonlinear operation. A conversion efficiency of -6.8 dB with electrical power consumption of 340 mW is demonstrated.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Unexpectedly Common in Iliac Vein Stenosis (2022)

Introduction: We unexpectedly observed many patients undergoing iliac vein stenting for proximal venous outflow obstruction (PVOO) also had symptoms suggestive of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS). This study aims to elucidate this association. Methods: 99 consecutive patients undergoing iliac vein stenting for PVOO at tertiary hospital from 12/2019 to 06/2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Exclusions: absent follow-up, prior vein stenting, acute DVT. TOS symptoms included upper extremities weakness, paresthesia, edema, pain, shoulder pain, upper back pain, neck pain, or impaired arm abduction. Categorical variables analyzed using Fisher’s exact tests. Continuous variables compared by two-sample Welch t-test. Results:>2 TOS symptoms present in 62 patients. Subclavian venogram also performed in 76 patients with PVOO showing 70.7% had subclavian stenosis or thrombosis. Preoperative TOS symptoms included upper extremity weakness (28.3%), paresthesia (67.7%), upper back pain (50.5%), impaired arm abduction (10.1%), shoulder pain (50.5%), and neck pain (37.4%). Comparing symptomatic TOS to those without, CEAP class (P = 0.137), preoperative VCSS composite scores (P = 0.643), stent laterality (P = 0.342), and number of stents (P = 0.275) were similar. All patients were seen postoperatively, mean postoperative follow-up >176 days (P = 0.632). Among TOS patients, improvement observed postoperatively in upper extremity weakness (33.9%), paresthesia (45.2%), shoulder pain (69.4%), neck pain (58.1%), and upper back pain (75.8%). Conclusion: TOS symptoms were unexpectedly common in patients with chronic PVOO undergoing iliac vein stenting, suggesting an important and previously unrecognized concurrence. While venous hypertension is the primary cause of lower extremity symptoms in PVOO, the cephalad location of these TOS symptoms suggests a pathophysiology unrelated to venous hypertension.
Comparisons of Flow and Mixing Characteristics between Unforced and Excited Elevated Transverse Jets (2013)

ABSTRACT The influences of acoustic excitation on the velocity field and mixing characteristic of a jet in cross-flow were investigated in a wind tunnel. The acoustic excitation waves at resonance Strouhal number were generated by a loudspeaker. The time-averaged velocity field and streamlines of the excited elevated transverse jet in the symmetry plane were measured by a high-speed particle image velocimetry. The visual penetration height and spread width were obtained by using an image processing technique. The dispersion characteristics were obtained from the tracer-gas concentration measurement. The results showed that the streamline pattern of the non-excited transverse jet was significantly modified by the acoustic excitation—the bent streamlines evolved from the jet exit escalated and the vortex rings in the jet and tube wakes and the recirculation bubble in the jet wake disappeared. The time-averaged velocity distributions revealed that the excited transverse jet produces large momentum in the up-shooting direction so that the velocity trajectories were located at levels higher than those of the non-excited one. The mixing characteristics, which include the visual penetration height, spread width, and dispersion, were drastically improved by the acoustic excitation due to the changes in the flow structures. The excited transverse jet characterized at larger jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios presented larger improvement in the mixing characteristics than at lower jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratios.
Therapeutic efficacy in a hemophilia B model using a biosynthetic mRNA liver depot system (2016)

DNA-based gene therapy has considerable therapeutic potential, but the challenges associated with delivery continue to limit progress. Messenger RNA (mRNA) has the potential to provide for transient production of therapeutic proteins, without the need for nuclear delivery and without the risk of insertional mutagenesis. Here we describe the sustained delivery of therapeutic proteins in vivo in both rodents and non-human primates via nanoparticle-formulated mRNA. Nanoparticles formulated with lipids and lipid-like materials were developed for delivery of two separate mRNA transcripts encoding either human erythropoietin (hEPO) or factor IX (hFIX) protein. Dose-dependent protein production was observed for each mRNA construct. Upon delivery of hEPO mRNA in mice, serum EPO protein levels reached several orders of magnitude (>125 000-fold) over normal physiological values. Further, an increase in hematocrit (Hct) was established, demonstrating that the exogenous mRNA-derived protein maintained normal activity. The capacity of producing EPO in non-human primates via delivery of formulated mRNA was also demonstrated as elevated EPO protein levels were observed over a 72-h time course. Exemplifying the possible broad utility of mRNA drugs, therapeutically relevant amounts of human FIX (hFIX) protein were achieved upon a single intravenous dose of hFIX mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles in mice. In addition, therapeutic value was established within a hemophilia B (FIX knockout (KO)) mouse model by demonstrating a marked reduction in Hct loss following injury (incision) to FIX KO mice.
Extending HyperTransport&#x2122; technology to 8.0 Gb/s in 32-nm SOI-CMOS processors (2011)

We present an 8.0-Gb/s HyperTransport™ technology I/O built in a 32-nm SOI-CMOS processor for high-performance servers. Based on a 45-nm design that caps at 6.4 Gb/s, the 32-nm transceiver achieves up to 8.0 Gb/s over long-reach board channels. Key enhancements include a high-bandwidth (>;200 MHz) PLL to attenuate high-frequency jitter in the received forwarded clock and redesigned power-hungry circuits to operate at 8.0 Gb/s within the existing 45-nm package thermal limit.
An Ultrafast Study of Phenyl Azide: The Direct Observation of Phenylnitrenium Ion (2007)

Ultrafast photolysis (lambda(ex) = 308 nm) of phenyl azide in 100% formic acid produces a broadly absorbing transient within the instrument time resolution (300 fs), which is assigned to an excited state of the azide. The azide excited state fragments within 300 fs to form singlet phenylnitrene. The decay of the nitrene (tau = 12.0 ps) produces a new species with absorption centered at 500 nm, which is assigned to phenylnitrenium ion. The lifetime of phenylnitrenium ion is 110 ps in 100% formic acid. This is the first spectroscopic observation of phenylnitrenium ion.
THIN FILMS OF UNDOPED LEAD TITANATE: MORPHOLOGY AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES (2008)

ABSTRACT The synthesis of lead titanate thin films by two different chemical solution deposition routes and via nanoparticle dispersions is described. The differences in decomposition kinetics of the solutions were determined and correlated to the morphology evolution and ferroelectric characteristics of the deposited films. High remanent polarisation values of up to 55 μC cm−2 were obtained by the sol-gel method as well as the nanoparticle dispersion technique. Measurements of the dielectric properties of the films revealed low leakage current densities in the range of 10−6 A cm−2 and a maximum dielectric constant of ∼360.