gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Genomic Determinants of Response of Metastatic Disease to Taxol and Adriamycin (2002)

Human breast cancer genesis and progression is caused by the aberrant function of genes that positively and negatively regulate aspects of cell proliferation, apoptosis, genome stability, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis( 1). Discovery and functional assessment of these genes is critical for understanding the biology of cancer, and for clinical applications including early cancer detection and improved prediction of cancer risk, disease course and response to therapy. Although many different events can cause aberrant gene function, chromosomal aberrations resulting in changes in gene dosage or structure play important roles. Interestingly, there is remarkable variability in the degree to which tumor genomes are aberrant at the chromosomal level. Some tumors have few chromosomal aberrations, while in others there may be dozens. Furthermore, the aberration spectrum typically differs substantially among clinically similar tumors. It is likely that many of these aberrations are accumulated by chance during the proliferation of cells with substantial genome instability and do not contribute to substantially to the tumor phenotype. However, some specific aberrations occur frequently and very likely do affect function. Extensive catalogues of recurrent abnormalities in a wide range of solid tumors have been compiled from cytogenetic(2) and CGH studies(3). These analyses show that tumors that arise in different anatomical sites differ significantly in recurrent aberration composition, as do histologically distinct tumors that arise in the same anatomic location(4-6). The spectrum of aberrations also varies with the genetic makeup of the patient. For example, recurrent aberrations in tumors that arise in individuals with BRCA1 mutations differ from those in tumors from BRCA2 carriers and from those in tumors that arise spontaneously(7).
Correction strategies for segmented spiral imaging at 7 Tesla (2006)

Purpose/Introduction: Short acquisition times and short effective echo times are of prime importance for functional MR imaging studies of the brain to reduce distortion artifacts and increase SNR. The spiral sequence, specifically in the segmented version, offers these features and presents itself in specific applications as an alternative to conventional EPI. Spiral imaging is also less prone to flow and motion artifacts. But this method is more demanding on the exact gradient performance and correction mechanisms need to be implemented to achieve necessary readout gradient corrections. Subjects and Methods: To test and illustrate the performance of the implemented corrections, a geometry phantom was measured with a spin echo sequence as a reference and compared with a segmented spiral-out sequence. The measurements were performed on a 7T/ 60 cm Bruker Biospec vertical wide bore monkey MR system. A saddle coil was used in transmit and receive mode. Measurements of the k-space trajectories and images were performed[1]. With the k-space trajectory of the readout gradient the deviation from the theoretical course were calculated. From these the k-space offset, the time delay and the slope and baseline of the gradient courses were derived. The latter is done by comparing trajectories with positive and negative amplitudes. These corrections were then applied for spiral image acquisition and reconstruction. Results: The image where no corrections are applied (Fig.1, middle) shows that the edges of the rectangle inside the phantom are reproduced sharp and at the first look not distorted. It reveals although that the geometry is not at all correct compared to the reference image gained by the MSME sequence (Fig.1, left). Regarding the edges of the phantom in the lower part of the image a strong blurring occurs. Performing now the corrections before acquiring and before reconstructing the image the geometry is reproduced satisfactorily (Fig.1, right). The blurring artifact at the lower edge of the phantom is nearly fully eliminated. Discussion/Conclusion: The measurements of the trajectories and images on a geometry phantom show the efficiency of the corrections. Blurring artifacts are reduced. A misleading geometry like for an image measured with an uncorrected spiral-out EPI sequence can be avoided by applying the corrections. The corrections enable the spiral imaging sequence to be an alternative to conventional EPI in specific applications utilizing short echo times. [1] Takahashi A. et al. MagnResonMed 1995;34:446-456.
Compressed domain motion vector resampling for downscaling of MPEG video (2003)

Digital video databases in compressed form are becoming widely available. In applications such as video browsing, and picture in picture, for a lower bitrate, there is a need to down-sample the video before transmission. The conventional approach to downscale a compressed video sequence is to decompress it at the video server, perform the down-sampling in the pixel domain and then recompress it for efficient delivery. This process is computationally intensive due to the motion estimation process required during the recompression phase. In the alternative compressed domain approach, the motion vectors of the downscaled video sequence are computed directly from the motion vectors of the original full size stream. In this paper we propose a compressed domain technique that generates a better estimate for the downscaled motion vectors. Simulations suggest that the performance achieved with the proposed method is superior by up to 1 dB to the current compressed domain techniques.
Microstructures and properties of friction stir welded 304 austenitic stainless steel (2005)

Abstract Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid phase joining process which makes use of friction and was developed in 1991 by TWI (The Welding Institute) of Britain.1 This welding process received attention as a joining process to solve the problems associated with fusion welding of Al alloys and active research into the applications of this technique has been progressed by numerous research institutions, at home and abroad. As a result, this process was made fit for practical use in less than ten years of development and has been applied extensively in the manufacture of aerospace equipments,2 rolling stock3 and automobile components.4
On-chip high performance magnetics for point-of-load high-frequency DC-DC converters (2016)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of on silicon integrated micro-transformers for high frequency power applications. The microtransformer device is used and tested in DC-DC converter application at high switching frequency. This device has stable L vs. f characteristic up to 50 MHz. The design is improved regarding to the electrical resistance and current capability. The microtransformer shows an inductivity of about 60 nH, resistance of 350 mΩ and can be applied for current up to 1.5 A.
Analysis and optimization of a natural draft heat sink system (1997)

An analytical solution for a system consisting of a vertical, parallel-plate, isothermal heat sink, and a chimney is presented. The result is applied to problems in which the size of the overall system is constrained. A ridge of maximum total heat transfer is observed with respect to the plate spacing and heat-sink height. The ridge suggests that heat-sink height may be reduced without diminishing the thermal performance for natural draft cooling. The flow characteristics of optimal systems reveal that systems with and without chimneys dissipate maximum heat when the velocity profiles within the heat sink are fully developed and developing, respectively.
Ibrutinib for the treatment of Bing-Neel syndrome: a multicenter study (2018)

The treatment of patients with Bing-Neel syndrome (BNS) is not standardized. We included patients with Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) and a radiologic and/or cytologic diagnosis of BNS treated with ibrutinib monotherapy. Response assessment was based on criteria for BNS from the 8th International Workshop for WM. Survival from BNS diagnosis (BNS survival), survival from ibrutinib initiation to last follow-up or death (ibrutinib survival), and time from ibrutinib initiation to ibrutinib discontinuation for toxicity, progression, or death (event-free survival [EFS]) were estimated. Twenty-eight patients were included in our study. The median age at BNS diagnosis was 65 years. Ibrutinib was the first line of treatment for BNS in 39% of patients. Ibrutinib was administered orally at a dose of 560 and 420 mg once daily in 46% and 54% of patients, respectively; symptomatic and radiologic improvements were seen in 85% and 60% of patients within 3 months of therapy. At best response, 85% of patients had improvement or resolution of BNS symptoms, 83% had improvement or resolution of radiologic abnormalities, and 47% had cleared the disease in the cerebrospinal fluid. The 2-year EFS rate with ibrutinib was 80% (95% confidence interval [CI], 58%-91%), the 2-year ibrutinib survival rate was 81% (95% CI, 49%-94%), and the 5-year BNS survival rate was 86% (95% CI, 63%-95%). Ibrutinib therapy is effective in patients with BNS and should be considered as a treatment option in these patients.
Effect of End-of-day-heating Treatment in Low Growth-temperature Environment on Growth and Flowering in Spray-type Chrysanthemum (2012)

低温環境制御下における暗期短時間昇温処理の時間帯の違いがスプレーギクの花芽分化および発達に及ぼす影響について調べるとともに，冬季低温環境下の施設栽培におけるEOD-heating処理が生育，開花の遅延や切り花品質の低下を軽減する効果について調べた．明期16℃，暗期8℃，12時間日長の環境制御下でスプレーギク‘Sei-Roza’は，EOD-heating処理により花芽分化および初期の花芽発達が促進されることを明らかにした．冬期の施設栽培の省エネルギー化を目的に最低気温18℃から温度を下げた場合の短時間昇温処理の影響を調べ，供試した3品種（‘Sei-Roza’，‘Monalisa’，‘Wodka Sunny’）は，最低気温13℃程度の気温条件で20℃のEOD-heating 3時間処理により最低気温18℃条件とほぼ同時期に開花した．最低気温13℃条件下で供試した4品種（‘Sei-Roza’，‘Sei-Elza’，‘Monalisa’，‘Wodka Sunny’）は，出荷規格上，問題となる花房形質の劣化をEOD-heating処理により軽減させることができた．この時の短日処理期間の消費熱量を算出すると15％程度削減となった．
Comparison of adaptive methods for optimal thresholding for free-space optical communication receivers with multiplicative noise (2002)

It has been shown that for optical communication receivers with large, signal-dependant noise components (multiplicative noise), the optimum detection threshold can be derived from a Bayes' Likelihood Ratio Test (LRT); however, the mean and variance of the bit levels must be known to obtain the order of magnitude bit-error-rate (BER) improvement over the typical matched filter type detector which assumes equal variances of the bit levels. In free-space communication systems, atmospheric conditions can cause variations in optical transmission and subsequently in the bit level means and variances. The bit level means and variances must be tracked and estimated and the detection threshold updated at a rate greater than the frequency of atmospheric changes, or the BER performance may actually be worse than that of the equal-variance threshold. Adaptive thresholding methods have been proposed and developed which track the bit means and variances and update the detection threshold to maintain near optimum performance. In this paper, simulated data based on actual optical receiver component characteristics and measured average received power data containing atmospheric turbulence induced fluctuations are used to test the tracking and BER performance of adaptive thresholding algorithms. The results of simulations comparing performance of three adaptive methods, maximum likelihood estimation/prediction, Kalman filter predictor/smoother, and a Least-Mean-Square (LMS) adaptive predictor, will be presented.
Magnetic resonance imaging for characterization of hepatocellular carcinoma metabolism (2022)

With a better understanding of the pathophysiological and metabolic changes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), multiparametric and novel functional magnetic resonance (MR) and positron emission tomography (PET) techniques have received wide interest and are increasingly being applied in preclinical and clinical research. These techniques not only allow for non-invasive detection of structural, functional, and metabolic changes in malignant tumor cells but also characterize the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the interactions of malignant tumor cells with the TME, which has hypoxia and low pH, resulting from the Warburg effect and accumulation of metabolites produced by tumor cells and other cellular components. The heterogeneity and complexity of the TME require a combination of images with various parameters and modalities to characterize tumors and guide therapy. This review focuses on the value of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and PET/MR in evaluating the structural and functional changes of HCC and in detecting metabolites formed owing to HCC and the TME.
Loss of stiffness during fatigue and the development of crack precursors (2013)

Jago (2012) recently reviewed techniques useful for imaging and surveying crack precursors, not only on the surface of a specimen, but also in the bulk. Crack precursors are seen to occur in a range of sizes, with smaller precursors occurring more frequently, and larger precursors occurring less frequently. For example, Mars &amp; Fatemi (2006) reported observations in which precursors of size 20 microns occurred at a volume density of 5000/mm3, and precursors of size 100 microns occurred at a volume density of 3/mm3.
Diffusional microtitration: a technique for analyzing ultramicro samples (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiffusional microtitration: a technique for analyzing ultramicro samplesMiklos. GratzlCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 5, 484–488Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00156a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00156a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lysekil Research Site, Sweden : A status update (2011)

Ocean wave energy can be harnessed and converted into electric energy nowadays. This provides a possibility for populations that live on islands or along coastlines to utilize the renewable and safe power produced by ocean waves. Point absorbing wave energy converter (WEC) is one example of such devices for electrical power production from ocean waves. It is composed of a floating buoy on the water surface, and a linear generator that sits on seabed and is connected with the buoy via a line. Electricity is generated when the buoy moves up and down in the waves.The geometry and dimensions of the floating buoy have dominant influences on the energy absorption. This thesis introduces an equivalent electric circuit for modelling the hydrodynamic interaction between the wave and a cylindrical buoy. The model allows a rapid assessment of the velocity, force in the connection line and output power, by which the system design and optimization can be performed faster and easier.The electric circuit model is based on the WEC's dynamic force analysis, and the electric components' parameters are determined from analytical approximations of the hydrodynamic coefficients. The simulation results of the equivalent circuit for one typical wave climate in Lysekil has been presented, and the results indicate a good fitting with former experimental results.The thesis also includes a hydrodynamic study for a torus shaped buoy, which aims at applying a theoretical background for a force measurement experiment. A comparison has been conducted between the torus buoy and two similar cylindrical buoys. Preliminary WAMIT simulation results demonstrate that the force in the connection line will be 5% bigger by using the torus buoy. It is also found that the torus buoy is advantageous for its larger excitation force and smaller added mass. A brief introduction of the 500kN force measurement system and the communication test have been introduced as well.
Cancer of the cervix uteri: 2021 update (2021)

Since the publication of the 2018 FIGO Cancer Report, giant strides have been made in the global effort to reduce the burden of cervical cancer, with the World Health Organization (WHO) rolling out a global strategy for cervical cancer elimination, aiming for implementation by 2030. In over 130 countries, including low- and middle-income countries, HPV vaccination is now included in the national program. Screening has seen major advances with wider implementation of HPV testing. These interventions will take a few years to show their impact. Meanwhile, over half a million new cases are added each year. FIGO's revised staging of cervical cancer (2018) has been widely implemented and retrospective analyses of data based on the new staging have been published. Minimally invasive surgery has been shown to be disadvantageous in women with cervical cancer. This chapter discusses the management of cervical cancer based on the stage of disease, including attention to palliation and quality of life issues.
Parallel implementation of finite state machines for reducing the latency of stochastic computing (2018)

Stochastic computing, which employs random bit streams for computations, has shown low hardware cost and high fault-tolerance compared to the computations using a conventional binary encoding. Finite state machine (FSM) based stochastic computing elements can compute complex functions, such as the exponentiation and hyperbolic tangent functions, more efficiently than those using combinational logic. However, the FSM, as a sequential logic, cannot be directly implemented in parallel like the combinational logic, so reducing the long latency of the calculation becomes difficult. Applications in the relatively higher frequency domain would require an extremely fast clock rate using FSM. This paper proposes a parallel implementation of the FSM, using an estimator and a dispatcher to directly initialize the FSM to the steady state. Experimental results show that the outputs of four typical functions using the parallel implementation are very close to those of the serial version. The parallel FSM scheme further shows equivalent or better image quality than the serial implementation in two image processing applications Edge Detection and Frame Difference.
Trimethylene Methane Dianion Equivalent for the Asymmetric Consecutive Allylation of Aldehydes: Applications to Prins-Driven Macrocyclizations for the Synthesis of Bryostatin 1 and Analogues (2022)

We report a one-step (one-flask) generation and reaction of a bifunctional allylating reagent, a trimethylene methane dianion equivalent, that provides a route for the asymmetric 2-(trimethylsilylmethyl) allylation of aldehydes. The product of the first aldehyde allylation process is then set to engage in a second separate aldehyde allylation, providing an improved Prins macrocyclization strategy both for the scalable synthesis of bryostatin 1 and for the total synthesis of a new potent bryostatin analogue.
Elastic interconnects: repeater-inserted long wiring capable of compressing and decompressing data (2002)

The RC delay of an interconnect is a critical parameter that does not improve with process scaling, but rather increases. Interconnect delay considerably degrades the performance of today's sophisticated microprocessors, so much work has been done to reduce both this delay and its influence on performance . In a chip multiprocessor, process scaling would improve the intrinsic speed of each processor tile, but overall chip speed would not increase because of the limits to communication between tiles. The communication performance is limited by not only RC-delay increase but also arising network congestion and contention. Regarding the latter, effective use is made of network techniques developed in both interconnection networks for off-chip multiprocessors and communication networks for packet switching. This elastic interconnect for internal communications on-chip multiprocessors is a fundamental technique capable of enhancing conventional network techniques by effectively utilizing on-chip repeater-inserted long wiring.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to the Assembly of the Antifungal Agent FR‐900848: Studies on the Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclopropanes and an X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis of (4R,5R)‐2‐((1R,3S,4S,6R)‐6‐Phenyl‐1‐ bicyclopropyl)‐1,3‐dimethyl‐4,5‐diphenylimidazolidine. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electronic structures of arsines and phosphines (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic structures of arsines and phosphinesJames R. Preer, Fun-Dow Tsay, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 6, 1875–1880Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00761a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00761a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Characterization of Neisseria meningitidis isolates that do not express the virulence factor and vaccine antigen factor H binding protein. (2011)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Characterization of Neisseria meningitidis isolates that do not express the virulence factor and vaccine antigen factor H binding protein.
Altered Distribution of Peripheral Blood Maturation-Associated B-Cell Subsets in Chronic Alcoholism (2015)

AH and AWLD patients display a significantly reduced PB B-cell count, at the expense of decreased numbers of recently produced immature/regulatory B cells and naïve B cells, together with an increase in Ig-switched memory B lymphocytes and plasmablasts, particularly of IgA(+) cells.