gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The DAA scheme in context (2005)

This chapter describes the Direct Anonymous Attestation (DAA) scheme in the con text of its development and use within the TCG specification. This scheme was originated by Brickell, Camemsch and Chen. It was adopted by the Trusted Computing Group as the method for remote anonymous authen tication of a Trusted Platform Module (TPM). In this chapter, we first talk about how the work of designing DAA started from a conflict between the need for security and the need for privacy in TPM authentication. In the historical context, we acknowledge various schemes which have been developed in response to this TCG problem, and which eventually led to the DAA scheme. In the context of a solution to the problem. we focus on explaining how the DAA scheme proposed by Brickell, Camemsch and Chen works. In the context of further consideration, we discuss some options for the reissue of DAA keys and some possible improvements to increase the performance of the DAA.
Optical analysis of down-conversion OLEDs (2008)

Phosphor down-conversion of blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) is one approach to generate white light, which offers the possibility of easy color tuning, a simple device architecture and color stability over lifetime. In this article previous work on down-conversion devices in the field of organic solid state lighting is briefly reviewed. Further, bottom emitting down-conversion OLEDs are studied from an optical point of view. Therefore the physical processes occurring in the down-conversion layer are translated into a model which is implemented in a ray tracing simulation. By comparing its predictions to experimental results the model is confirmed. For the experiments a blue-emitting polymer OLED (PLED) panel optically coupled to a series of down-conversion layers is used. Based on results obtained from ray tracing simulation some of the implications of the model for the performance of down-conversion OLEDs are discussed. In particular it is analysed how the effective reflectance of the underlying blue OLED and the particle size distribution of the phosphor powder embedded in the matrix of the down-conversion layer influence extraction efficiency.
Perfomance Evaluation Of A Singal Crystal Hydrophone (2006)

Relaxor single crystals such as PZN-PT and PMN-PT exhibit superior electromechanical properties and are touted as the next-generation materials for future high performance piezo devices. This work describes a new hydrophone made of high-sensitivity PZN-PT single crystal d <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> sensing elements. Three such elements are mounted in custom-made housing. A compartment is provided to house the three pre-amplifiers, one for each element. In the current prototype each element has its own input. This allows the directionality of each element to be measured and the possibility of locating the source direction from the combined signals of the three elements. A compact low noise high impedance voltage follower pre-amplifier has been designed which provides 26 dB of gain. The overall sensitivity was measured to be -169 dB re 1 V/muPa. Directionality has been measured to be approximately omni-directional within plusmn1 dB, up to a frequency of 7 kHz.
Frequency‐Domain Array Beamformers for Noise Reduction (2013)

This chapter gives a fresh perspective on beamforming in the frequency domain with a microphone array. This is also an overview of the most important beamformers that can be found in the literature, several of which are easy to implement in the context of speech enhancement.
Applying the Cyclic Void Growth Model to Assess the Ultralow Cycle Fatigue Life of Steel Castings (2018)

Steel castings have become an attractive option in the development of new seismic force-resisting systems because of their geometric freedom and ability to control material properties. Despite, in most past applications, being used as elements that remain elastic during seismic events, recent research has led to the development and validation of new systems that rely on their yielding response. As such, further study of their ultralow cycle fatigue (ULCF) life is essential to understanding their performance as yielding fuses. Fatigue laws are calibrated herein for multiple heats of cast steel using an existing law proposed for rolled steel. These laws are used to predict the ductile failure of steel castings in full-scale experiments. The concept of a characteristic cyclic coupon test to assess the castings’ ULCF life at the foundry is also discussed. It is found that the ULCF model provides good predictions of the onset of failure in full-scale steel castings. Finally, the initial investigation into relating the full-scale ULCF life to the steel microstructure and small-scale fatigue test results has shown promising results.
Communication power optimization in a sensor network with a path-constrained mobile observer (2006)

We present a procedure for communication power optimization in a network of randomly distributed sensors with an observer (data collector) moving on a fixed path. The key challenge in using a mobile observer is that it remains within communication range of any sensor for a brief duration, and inability to transfer data in this duration leads to data loss. We establish that the process of data collection can be modeled by a queue with deadlines, where arrivals correspond to the observer entering the range of a sensor and a missed deadline means data loss. The queuing model is then used to identify the combination of system parameters that ensures adequate data collection with minimum power. The results obtained from the queuing analogy take a simple form in the asymptotic regime of dense sensor networks. Additionally, for sensor networks that cannot tolerate data loss, we derive a tight bound on minimum sensor separation that ensures that no data will be lost on account of mobility. We present two examples to illustrate our results, from which it is seen that power reduction by two orders of magnitude or more is typical relative to a static sensor network. The scenarios chosen for power comparisons also provide guidelines on the choice of path, if such a choice is available.
On the impact of LTE-U on Wi-Fi performance (2014)

With the exponential growth in mobile data traffic taking place currently and projected into the future, mobile operators need cost effective ways to manage the load of their networks. Traditionally, this has been achieved by offloading mobile traffic onto Wi-Fi networks due to their low cost and ubiquitous deployment. Recently, LTE operating in the unlicensed spectrum has drawn significant interests from mobile operators due to the availability of the unlicensed spectrum. However, the deployment of LTE networks in the unlicensed band poses significant challenges to the performance of current and future Wi-Fi networks. We discuss the LTE and Wi-Fi coexistence challenges and present analysis on performance degradation of the Wi-Fi networks at the presence of LTE.
Laser Diodes with High Power Conversion Effi ciency for Fiber Coupling (2010)

We clarifi ed that widening the guide layer of laser diodes vertically narrows the beam divergence angle
Separation of Nanoliter Samples of Biological Amines by a Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Microcolumn Liquid Chromatography System (1995)

A two-dimensional liquid chromatography system based on the combination of a charge separation mechanism, provided by anion exchange chromatography, with a hydrophobic separation mechanism, provided by reversed phase chromatography, is presented. A 90 cm long anion exchange microcolumn is coupled to a 3 cm long reversed phase microcolumn. Both microcolumns are interfaced by two electronically controlled valves. Effluent from the anion exchange microcolumn is collected in a sample loop and then concentrated onto the head of the reversed phase microcolumn. Analyte peaks consisting of tagged amines elute from the second column and are detected by laser-induced fluorescence. The entire operation is controlled by a personal computer. The resolving power of this system is demonstrated with a two-dimensional chromatogram of the peptides obtained from a tryptic digest of porcine thyroglobulin. The sensitivity of the system is demonstrated with a two-dimensional chromatogram of the contents of a single bovine chromaffin cell.
Direct biomechanical induction of endogenous calcineurin inhibitor Down Syndrome Critical Region-1 in cardiac myocytes (2002)

Signaling through the protein phosphatase calcineurin may play a critical role in cardiac hypertrophy. The gene for Down Syndrome Critical Region-1 (DSCR1) encodes a protein that is an endogenous calcineurin inhibitor. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that DSCR1 is directly induced by biomechanical stimuli. Neonatal rat cardiac myocytes were exposed to biaxial cyclic mechanical strain; mechanical strain upregulated DSCR1 mRNA expression in a time- and amplitude-dependent manner (3.4 +/- 0.2-fold at 8% strain for 6 h, n = 11, P < 0.01), and this induction was angiotensin II and endothelin I independent. Biomechanical induction of DSCR1 mRNA was partially blocked by calcineurin inhibition with cyclosporine A (30 +/- 5%, n = 3, P < 0.01). DSCR1 promoter-reporter experiments showed that mechanical strain induced DSCR1 promoter activity by 2.3-fold and that this induction was completely inhibited by cyclosporin A. Furthermore, DSCR1 gene expression was increased in the left ventricles of mice with pressure-overload hypertrophy induced by transverse aortic banding. These data demonstrate that biomechanical strain directly induces gene expression for the calcineurin inhibitor DSCR1 in cardiac myocytes, indicating that mechanically induced DSCR1 may regulate the hypertrophic response to mechanical overload.
On Differential Photometric Reconstruction for Unknown, Isotropic BRDFs (2012)

This paper presents a comprehensive theory of photometric surface reconstruction from image derivatives in the presence of a general, unknown isotropic BRDF. We derive precise topological classes up to which the surface may be determined and specify exact priors for a full geometric reconstruction. These results are the culmination of a series of fundamental observations. First, we exploit the linearity of chain rule differentiation to discover photometric invariants that relate image derivatives to the surface geometry, regardless of the form of isotropic BRDF. For the problem of shape-from-shading, we show that a reconstruction may be performed up to isocontours of constant magnitude of the gradient. For the problem of photometric stereo, we show that just two measurements of spatial and temporal image derivatives, from unknown light directions on a circle, suffice to recover surface information from the photometric invariant. Surprisingly, the form of the invariant bears a striking resemblance to optical flow; however, it does not suffer from the aperture problem. This photometric flow is shown to determine the surface up to isocontours of constant magnitude of the surface gradient, as well as isocontours of constant depth. Further, we prove that specification of the surface normal at a single point completely determines the surface depth from these isocontours. In addition, we propose practical algorithms that require additional initial or boundary information, but recover depth from lower order derivatives. Our theoretical results are illustrated with several examples on synthetic and real data.
Runaway pacemaker: A forgotten phenomenon? (2005)

Runaway is an uncommon pacemaker dysfunction, characterized by fast and erratic spikes at non-physiological rates. This infrequent but potentially lethal failure mode may be related to low battery voltage. Four single chamber pacemaker patients were analyzed (Medtronic Minix ST 8330, Minneapolis, MN, had been implanted in two patients and two CPI Triumph VR 1124, St Paul, MN, in the other two). They had been admitted because of presyncopal episodes. Typical high rate stimuli at 2000 ppm alternating with pacing at 60-65 ppm were recorded in all ECGs. Lead system tests were normal. The pulse generators had to be replaced.
Different Modes of Binding of Mono- and Biaromatic Effectors to the Transcriptional Regulator TTGV (2007)

Members of the IclR family of regulators exhibit a highly conserved effector recognition domain and interact with a limited number of effectors. In contrast with most IclR family members, TtgV, the transcriptional repressor of the TtgGHI efflux pump, exhibits multidrug recognition properties. A three-dimensional model of the effector domain of TtgV was generated based on the available three-dimensional structure of several IclR members, and a series of point mutants was created. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we determined the binding parameters of the most efficient effectors for TtgV and its mutant variants. All mutants bound biaromatic compounds with higher affinity than the wild-type protein, whereas monoaromatic compounds were bound with lower affinity. This tendency was particularly pronounced for mutants F134A and H200A. TtgVF134A bound 4-nitrotoluene with an affinity 13-fold lower than that of TtgV (17.4+/-0.6 microM). This mutant bound 1-naphthol with an affinity of 5.7 microM, which is seven times as great as that of TtgV (40 microM). The TtgVV223A mutant bound to DNA with the same affinity as the wild-type TtgV protein, but it remained bound to the target operator in the presence of effectors, suggesting that Val-223 could be part of an intra-TtgV signal recognition pathway. Thermodynamic analyses of the binding of effectors to TtgV and to its mutants in complex with their target DNA revealed that the binding of biaromatic compounds resulted in a more efficient release of the repressor protein than the binding of monoaromatics. The physiological significance of these findings is discussed.
Supp Figures from Clinical and Immunologic Biomarkers for Histologic Regression of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia and Clearance of HPV16 and HPV18 after Immunotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1 - Rates of CIN2/3 regression (primary endpoint) or CIN2/3 regression concomitant with clearance of HPV16 and/or HPV18 infection (secondary endpoint) in the Per Protocol population of the Phase IIb study of VGX-3100 for the treatment of biopsy proven CIN2/3 with documented HPV16 and/or HPV18 infection. Supplemental Figure 2 - Immunohistochemical analysis of CD8 infiltration at study start. The left panel shows the frequency of CD8 positive cells/mm2 as broken out by achievement of the primary endpoint of histopathological regression of CIN2/3 to CIN1 or WNL. The right panel shows the frequency of CD8 positive cells/mm2 as broken out by achievement of the primary endpoint of histopathological regression of CIN2/3 to CIN1 or WNL concomitant with elimination of HPV16/18 infection. Supplemental Figure 3 - CD137 is a marker for antigen specificity and activation on CD8+ T cells. A representative patient stain is shown for CD137 expression prior to (top) and following dosing (bottom) with VGX-3100. Whole unfractionated PBMCs were incubated with DMSO (vehicle control), OVA peptide (peptide control) HPV16 antigens, HPV18 antigens or Concanavalin A (positive control) for 120 hours. Supplemental Figure 4 - Breakdown of HPV16 and HPV18 positivity at enrollment of the study. Patients are represented as being HPV16 positive only (HPV16+ and HPV18-), HPV18 positive only (HPV16- and HPV18+) or positive for both viruses (HPV16+ and HPV18+). The bottom row represents the total patients in the study. Columns are broken into placebo and VGX-3100 cohorts and total patients in the study.&lt;/p&gt;
The Pleiotropic Effects of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) on the Physiology and Pathology of Penile Erection (2005)

The contribution of the neuronal and endothelial isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (nNOS and eNOS, respectively) in the synthesis of nitric oxide as a mediator of penile erection, at the levels of both the penile corpora cavernosa and the hypothalamic regions that control the erectile response, are well established. More recently, the role of the third NOS isoform, the inducible NOS (iNOS), has also started to be elucidated. iNOS does not appear to intervene directly in physiological penile erection or in its central control, but its transcriptional induction is postulated to be a key factor in two opposite related pathological processes, namely neurotoxicity in critical related regions of the hypothalamus during senescence, and as a defense mechanism against the aging or injury-associated fibrosis in the penile corpora cavernosa, the media of the penile arteries, and the tunica albuginea. By counteracting fibrosis that impairs cavernosal smooth muscle compliance, iNOS would protect the erectile tissue. However, further studies are needed to conclusively evaluate these putative roles in the two organs involved in reproductive function. In addition, whether iNOS induction during aging is a major cause in the net loss of trabecular smooth muscle in the corpora cavernosa through apoptosis, remains to be elucidated. The overall evaluation of these conflicting effects is important in order to decide whether pharmacological iNOS induction, or alternatively NO donors or L-arginine, may constitute a valid approach to prevent or treat penile fibrosis and vasculogenic erectile dysfunction.
Asymmetric Radical–Radical Cross‐Coupling through Visible‐Light‐Activated Iridium Catalysis (2015)

Abstract Combining single electron transfer between a donor substrate and a catalyst‐activated acceptor substrate with a stereocontrolled radical–radical recombination enables the visible‐light‐driven catalytic enantio‐ and diastereoselective synthesis of 1,2‐amino alcohols from trifluoromethyl ketones and tertiary amines. With a chiral iridium complex acting as both a Lewis acid and a photoredox catalyst, enantioselectivities of up to 99 % ee were achieved. A quantum yield of &lt;1 supports the proposed catalytic cycle in which at least one photon is needed for each asymmetric CC bond formation mediated by single electron transfer.
Manufacturing Techniques for Waveguide Combiners (2020)

Micro- and nanostructures, such as the ones used in SRG waveguides, can be manufactured (mastered) by traditional integrated circuit (IC) lithographic fabrication (optical microlithography and etching) and replicated by soft lithography or NIL, a technique developed originally for the IC industry. However, some of the features of SRGs, such as multilevel or quasi-analog surface relief and slants with undercut features, can be quite different from simpler top-down IC-type structures and thus more challenging to master and replicate. Early wafer-scale optics paved the way towards the fabrication and replication of waveguide couplers. Volume holograms can also benefit from traditional IC fabrication techniques and technologies (such as using copy contact with Bragg plates and roll-to-roll replication), although they might require optical recording of an interference pattern in the holographic media.
On the Robustness of Non-Intrusive Speech Quality Model by Adversarial Examples (2023)

It has been shown recently that deep learning based models are effective on speech quality prediction and could outperform traditional metrics in various perspectives. Although network models have the potential to be a surrogate for complex human hearing perception, they may contain instabilities in predictions. This work shows that deep speech quality predictors can be vulnerable to adversarial perturbations, where the prediction can be changed drastically by unnoticeable perturbations as small as −30 dB compared with speech inputs. In addition to exposing the vulnerability of deep speech quality predictors, we further explore and confirm the viability of adversarial training for strengthening robustness of models.
Minimizing latency for augmented reality displays: Frames considered harmful (2014)

We present initial results from a new image generation approach for low-latency displays such as those needed in head-worn AR devices. Avoiding the usual video interfaces, such as HDMI, we favor direct control of the internal display technology. We illustrate our new approach with a bench-top optical see-through AR proof-of-concept prototype that uses a Digital Light Processing (DLP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TM</sup> ) projector whose Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) imaging chip is directly controlled by a computer, similar to the way random access memory is controlled. We show that a perceptually-continuous-tone dynamic gray-scale image can be efficiently composed from a very rapid succession of binary (partial) images, each calculated from the continuous-tone image generated with the most recent tracking data. As the DMD projects only a binary image at any moment, it cannot instantly display this latest continuous-tone image, and conventional decomposition of a continuous-tone image into binary time-division-multiplexed values would induce just the latency we seek to avoid. Instead, our approach maintains an estimate of the image the user currently perceives, and at every opportunity allowed by the control circuitry, sets each binary DMD pixel to the value that will reduce the difference between that user-perceived image and the newly generated image from the latest tracking data. The resulting displayed binary image is “neither here nor there,” but always approaches the moving target that is the constantly changing desired image, even when that image changes every 50μs. We compare our experimental results with imagery from a conventional DLP projector with similar internal speed, and demonstrate that AR overlays on a moving object are more effective with this kind of low-latency display device than with displays of similar speed that use a conventional video interface.
An AC MPPT with Active/Reactive Power Control Feature for Single-Stage Three-Phase Grid-Connected Photovoltaic VSIs (2017)

This article introduces a new AC MPPT (maximum power point tracking) controller for single-stage three-phase grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) voltage source inverters (VSIs) with active/reactive power control capability. Novelty lies in employing the theory of power transfer in short AC transmission lines to achieve MPPT, where two independent control variables exist: load angle and inverter modulation index. Accordingly, the proposed controller maximizes the capabilities of the single-stage VSI and enables it to control either/both active power or/and reactive power, besides achieving MPPT function. Such contribution opens up avenues in MPPTs world in terms of flexibility, fast performance, and low hardware count/cost. AC refers to Alternate Current since the MPPT is managed in AC terms. Theoretical framework of the proposed controller has been addressed. Moreover, the overall system is simulated in MATLAB (The MathWorks, Natick, Massachusetts, USA) environment, and results have been introduced. Design and implementation of proposed algorithms have been carried out using a fixed-point digital signal processor (DSP)TMS320F2812. Furthermore, a breadboard circuit is built up for experimentally investigating the controller's performance using 3-phase VSI that connects PV with the grid. In addition to that, a comprehensive discussion is conducted for demonstrating results. Moreover, a detailed comparison of proposed work with a number of previously published papers in literature is carried out and addressed in this manuscript. Results reveal that introduced controller achieves satisfactory performance.
High-power operation of a ridge-waveguide AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback laser (1986)

We report high-power continuous-wave operation of a ridge-waveguide AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback laser as high as 40 mW. It was realised by an appropriate design of a ridge structure and by facet coatings.