gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CMP Pad Conditioning Using the High-Pressure Micro-Jet Method (2023)

In this study, in order to improve and restore the performance of the polishing pads and reduce the cost of chemical mechanical polishing, three types of material polishing pads, namely, polyurethane, damping cloth, and non-woven fabric, were selected for the experiment. Accordingly, each polishing pad was set up with diamond conditioner and high-pressure micro-jet (HPMJ) conditioning control experiments. Subsequently, the fluctuation ranges of the material removal rate on the three polishing pads were 2.73-3.75 μm/h, 1.38-1.99 μm/h, and 2.36-4.32 μm/h, respectively under the HPMJ conditioning method, while the fluctuation ranges of the material removal rate on the three polishing pads were 1.80-4.14 μm/h, 1.02-2.09 μm/h, and 1.78-5.88 μm/h under the diamond conditioning method. Comparing the polishing pad morphologies under SEM, we observed that the surface of the polishing pad after HPMJ conditioning was relatively clean, and the hole structure was not blocked. Contrastingly, there remained numerous abrasive particles on the surface after the conventional diamond conditioning and the hole structure was blocked. Thus, the HPMJ conditioning technology is better than the traditional diamond conditioning technology. Subsequently, the polishing pad after HPMJ conditioning has a longer service life and a more stable material removal rate than that after traditional diamond conditioning.
Induction of the anti-ergotypic response (1993)

The injection of syngeneic activated T cells into rodents can induce a T cell response against activation markers of the T cells, ergotopes. The responding anti-ergotypic T cells have been shown to suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). This paper reports the characteristics of the anti-ergotypic response. It was found that irradiated activated T cells were as good as untreated living activated T cells in inducing anti-ergotypic cells in vivo. Glutardialdehyde-fixed (0.3%) cells were poor stimulators in vivo and non-stimulatory in vitro. Dilution of glutardialdehyde to 0.003% before fixation preserved the stimulatory capacity in vitro. Fixation or irradiation of T cells at different times after activation showed that the stimulatory ergotope appears only after more than 12 h of activation. This ergotope is not secreted by activated T cells, but is a structural component of the activated T cell. Injection of solubilized proteins from activated T cells, but not of supernatants from activated T cells, was able to induce an anti-ergotypic response in vivo. In vitro supernatants from activated T cells also were not stimulatory to anti-ergotypic T cells. The anti-ergotypic response could be measured in draining lymph nodes 3 days after injection, reached a maximum after 7-10 days and subsided thereafter. It was earlier and stronger than the anti-idiotypic response. Induction of the response was dose dependent. As few as 100 cells were able to induce a marked anti-ergotypic response. The ease of the induction and the strength of the anti-ergotypic response suggest a physiological role in immunoregulation.
Purinergic regulation of epithelial transport (2003)

Purinergic receptors are a family of ubiquitous transmembrane receptors comprising two classes, P1 and P2 receptors, which are activated by adenosine and extracellular nucleotides (i.e. ATP, ADP, UTP and UDP), respectively. These receptors play a significant role in regulating ion transport in epithelial tissues through a variety of intracellular signalling pathways. Activation of these receptors is partially dependent on ATP (or UTP) release from cells and its subsequent metabolism, and this release can be triggered by a number of stimuli, often in the setting of cellular damage. The function of P2Y receptor stimulation is primarily via signalling through the G(q)/PLC-beta pathway and subsequent activation of Ca(2+)-dependent ion channels. P1 signalling is complex, with each of the four P1 receptors A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) having a unique role in different epithelial tissue types. In colonic epithelium the A(2B) receptor plays a prominent role in regulating Cl(-) and water secretion. In airway epithelium, A(2B) and A(1) receptors are implicated in the control of Cl(-) and other currents. In the renal tubular epithelium, A(1), A(2A), and A(3) receptors have all been identified as playing a role in controlling the ionic composition of the lumenal fluid. Here we discuss the intracellular signalling pathways for each of these receptors in various epithelial tissues and their roles in pathophysiological conditions such as cystic fibrosis.
The role of the C terminus of the SNARE protein SNAP-25 in fusion pore opening and a model for fusion pore mechanics (2008)

Formation of a fusion pore between a vesicle and its target membrane is thought to involve the so-called SNARE protein complex. However, there is no mechanistic model explaining how the fusion pore is opened by conformational changes in the SNARE complex. It has been suggested that C-terminal zipping triggers fusion pore opening. A SNAP-25 mutant named SNAP-25Delta9 (lacking the last nine C-terminal residues) should lead to a less-tight C-terminal zipping. Single exocytotic events in chromaffin cells expressing this mutant were characterized by carbon fiber amperometry and cell-attached patch capacitance measurements. Cells expressing SNAP-25Delta9 displayed smaller amperometric "foot-current" currents, reduced fusion pore conductances, and lower fusion pore expansion rates. We propose that SNARE/lipid complexes form proteolipid fusion pores. Fusion pores involving the SNAP-25Delta9 mutant will be less tightly zipped and may lead to a longer fusion pore structure, consistent with the observed decrease of fusion pore conductance.
Monodisperse microdroplet generation and stopping without coalescence (2023)

A system for monodispersed microdroplet generation and trapping including providing a flow channel in a microchip; producing microdroplets in the flow channel, the microdroplets movable in the flow channel; providing carrier fluid in the flow channel using a pump or pressure source; controlling movement of the microdroplets in the flow channel and trapping the microdroplets in a desired location in the flow channel. The system includes a microchip; a flow channel in the microchip; a droplet maker that generates microdroplets, the droplet maker connected to the flow channel; a carrier fluid in the flow channel, the carrier fluid introduced to the flow channel by a source of carrier fluid, the source of carrier fluid including a pump or pressure source; a valve connected to the carrier fluid that controls flow of the carrier fluid and enables trapping of the microdroplets.
Rollable Latent Space for Azimuth Invariant Sar Target Recognition (2018)

This paper proposes rollable latent space (RLS) for an azimuth invariant synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition. Scarce labeled data and limited viewing direction are critical issues in SAR target recognition. The RLS is a designed space in which rolling of latent features corresponds to 3D rotation of an object. Thus latent features of an arbitrary view can be inferred using those of different views. This characteristic further enables us to augment data from limited viewing in RLS. RLS-based classifiers with and without data augmentation and a conventional classifier trained with target front shots are evaluated over untrained target back shots. Results show that the RLS-based classifier with augmentation improves an accuracy by 30 % compared to the conventional classifier.
Preferential COX-2 Inhibitor, Meloxicam, Compromises Renal Perfusion in Euvolemic and Hypovolemic Rats (2000)

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can impair renal perfusion through inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX)-mediated prostaglandin synthesis. We investigated the influence of the preferential COX-2 inhibitor, meloxicam (MELO), on renal hemodynamics in eu- and hypovolemic rats compared to the nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin (INDO). The hypovolemic state was obtained in rats by three daily injections of furosemide (2 mg/kg i.p.) followed by a sodium-deficient diet for 7 days. In euvolemic rats (n = 6) neither INDO (5 mg/kg i.v.) nor MELO (1 or 2 mg/kg i.v.) influenced mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) or impaired renal (RBF) and cortical blood flow (CBF). Medullary blood flow (MBF) decreased after INDO (18%; p<0.05), and dose-dependently after MELO (1 mg, 10%; 2 mg, 18%; p<0.05). In hypovolemic rats (n = 6) INDO and MELO had no effect on MAP. RBF and CBF were reduced after INDO (11 or 20%; p<0. 05), but showed no changes after MELO. INDO induced a decrease in MBF (22%; p<0.05) which was less pronounced after MELO (12%; p <0.05). In conclusion the preferential COX-2 inhibitor MELO compromized renal perfusion in the outer medulla both in eu- and hypovolemic animals.
Cyclic dinucleotides mediate gap junction-dependent spread of DNA-induced IRF3 activation. (IRM9P.729) (2014)

Abstract Cell death and sterile inflammation are central to the pathogenesis of human diseases such as myocardial infarction and acute liver failure. Since patients often present after injury has begun, a primary therapeutic goal is to limit the extent and duration of injury. Therefore, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which innate immune responses to dying cells are spread. When a cell dies, it releases danger signals such as DNA, which are sensed by neighboring cells and spread by undefined mechanisms, ultimately defining the extent and duration of injury. To study this process, we created stable monoclonal fluorescent reporter cell lines for key transcriptional regulators of danger signaling (IRF3 and NFkB), exposed them to various danger signals, and monitored their spatiotemporal activation by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. We found IRF3 to be strongly activated not only in cells sensing DNA, but also in their unexposed neighbors. Using pharmacologic inhibitors and genetically modified co-cultures, we found that spread of IRF3 activity is contact-dependent and requires gap junctions. We also provide evidence that the recently described cyclic dinucleotide cGAMP is a gap junction permeable mediator of IRF3 activation spread. In vivo experiments show that genetic or pharmacologic modulation of gap junction communication is protective against acute organ injury, demonstrating the importance of injury spread, and its promise as a therapeutic target.
ChemInform Abstract: SN2′ Substitutions of 1,3‐Dichloropropenes with the Functionalized Copper‐Zinc Reagents RCu(CN)ZnX. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of a control mechanism for a variable speed processor (1996)

One limitation on the operating speed of electronic circuits is the rate at which the packaging can dissipate heat. In CMOS technology, the heat generated by a processor is approximately proportional to its clock rate. The paper examines the idea of using a variable speed processor (VSP) that can be operated at a high clock speed, and then slowed down to a lower speed before heat accumulation destroys the circuit. Under a workload consisting of bursts of work alternating with idle periods (corresponding to cache misses or other delays), this results in a higher average operating speed. The paper shows the optimality of a bang bang control for the clock rate. It also examines an easier to implement policy that estimates the junction temperature through an upper bound, and uses this to control the clock rate. Closed form expressions are derived for the mean rate of instructions executed by a VSP using each control method. Numerical studies show that both policies give substantial improvements in performance over a single speed processor. Furthermore, the studies suggest that a VSP with a maximum clock rate of 2-4 times that of the single speed processor would suffice to obtain the bulk of the performance improvement. In many cases, the average throughput gain is on the order of 40-60%, without exceeding thermal limits.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON 1‐CHLORSULFONYL‐PROPEN‐(2) MIT ENAMINEN, VINYLTHIETAN‐1,1‐DIOXIDE UND ALLYLSULFONYLENAMINE ALS VORSTUFEN VON THIOPYRAN‐1,1‐DIOXIDEN (1972)

Abstract Die Reaktion der Enamine (I) mit dem Sulfonylchlorid (II) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin in Diäthyläther bei ‐2 bis +20°C liefert Gemische (Ausbeute 75 bis 87%) der Sulfone (III) mit den 1,2‐Cycloadditionsprodukten (IV); man erhält dabei aus dem Enamin (Ia) praktisch ausschließlich das Sulfon (IIIa), aus dem Enamin (Ic) praktisch nur das Thietandioxid (IVc).
Preclinical evaluation of the antipsychotic potential of the mGlu2‐positive allosteric modulator JNJ‐40411813 (2015)

JNJ-40411813/ADX71149 (1-butyl-3-chloro-4-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl) pyridin-2(1H)-one) is a positive allosteric modulator (PAM) of the mGlu2 receptor, which also displays 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5HT2A) antagonism after administration in rodents due to a rodent-specific metabolite. JNJ-40411813 was compared with the orthosteric mGlu2/3 agonist LY404039 (4-amino-2-thiabicyclo [3.1.0] hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid 2,2-dioxide), the selective mGlu2 PAM JNJ-42153605 (3-(cyclopropylmethyl)-7-(4-phenylpiperidin-1-yl)-8-(trifluoromethyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine) and the 5HT2A antagonist ritanserin in rodent models for antipsychotic activity and potential side effects, attempting to differentiate between the various compounds and mechanisms of action. In mice, JNJ-40411813, JNJ-42153605, and LY404039 inhibited spontaneous locomotion and phencyclidine- and scopolamine-induced but not d-amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion; the 5HT2A antagonist ritanserin inhibited only spontaneous locomotion and phencyclidine-induced hyperlocomotion. As measured by 2-deoxyglucose uptake, all compounds reversed memantine-induced brain activation in mice. The two mGlu2 PAMs and LY404039, but not ritanserin, inhibited conditioned avoidance behavior in rats. Like ritanserin, the mGlu2 ligands antagonized 2,5-dimethoxy-4-methylamphetamine-induced head twitches in rats. LY404039 but not the mGlu2 PAMs impaired rotarod performance in rats and increased the acoustic startle response in mice. Our results show that although 5HT2A antagonism has effect in some models, mGlu2 receptor activation is sufficient for activity in several animal models of antipsychotic activity. The mGlu2 PAMs mimicked the in vivo pharmacodynamic effects observed with LY404039 except for effects on the rotarod and acoustic startle, suggesting that they produce a primary activity profile similar to that of the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist while they can be differentiated based on their secondary activity profile. The results are discussed in light of clinical data available for some of these molecules, in particular JNJ-40411813.
In vivo probe-confocal laser endomicroscopy in amiodarone-related pneumonia (2013)

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Pretreatment prognostic factors for survival in patients with advanced urothelial tumors treated in a phase I/II trial with paclitaxel, cisplatin, and gemcitabine (2002)

A pretreatment performance status > 0 and the presence of visceral metastasis have a profound impact on survival when using the TCG regimen. These two variables will be used to stratify patients in the upcoming Phase III randomized trial comparing this TGC regimen with a gemcitabine/cisplatin regimen in advanced urothelial tumors.
Evaluations on underdetermined blind source separation in adverse environments using time-frequency masking (2013)

The successful implementation of speech processing systems in the real world depends on its ability to handle adverse acoustic conditions with undesirable factors such as room reverberation and background noise. In this study, an extension to the established multiple sensors degenerate unmixing estimation technique (MENUET) algorithm for blind source separation is proposed based on the fuzzy c-means clustering to yield improvements in separation ability for underdetermined situations using a nonlinear microphone array. However, rather than test the blind source separation ability solely on reverberant conditions, this paper extends this to include a variety of simulated and real-world noisy environments. Results reported encouraging separation ability and improved perceptual quality of the separated sources for such adverse conditions. Not only does this establish this proposed methodology as a credible improvement to the system, but also implies further applicability in areas such as noise suppression in adverse acoustic environments.
Design and test of VSC assisted resonant current (VARC) DC circuit breaker (2019)

This paper presents the VSC assisted resonant current (VARC) direct current circuit-breaker concept, which comprises a vacuum interrupter, operated by an ultra-fast actuator, together with a power electronic converter that creates a zero-crossing in the arc current. A few main circuit topologies are shown and discussed and a dynamic model of the DC link voltage in the VSC is presented. A module rated for 10 kA against 40 kV transient interruption voltage has been built and tested at an independent test laboratory, and some test results are presented.
Inhibition of Age-Related Therapy Resistance in Melanoma by Rosiglitazone-Mediated Induction of Klotho (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Aging is a poor prognostic factor for melanoma. We have shown that melanoma cells in an aged microenvironment are more resistant to targeted therapy than identical cells in a young microenvironment. This is dependent on age-related secreted factors. Klotho is an age-related protein whose serum levels decrease dramatically by age 40. Most studies on klotho in cancer have focused on the expression of klotho in the tumor cell. We have shown that exogenous klotho inhibits internalization and signaling of Wnt5A, which drives melanoma metastasis and resistance to targeted therapy. We investigate here whether increasing klotho in the aged microenvironment could be an effective strategy for the treatment of melanoma.<b>Experimental Design:</b> PPARγ increases klotho levels and is increased by glitazones. Using rosiglitazone, we queried the effects of rosiglitazone on Klotho/Wnt5A cross-talk, <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, and the implications of that for targeted therapy in young versus aged animals.<b>Results:</b> We show that rosiglitazone increases klotho and decreases Wnt5A in tumor cells, reducing the burden of both BRAF inhibitor-sensitive and BRAF inhibitor-resistant tumors in aged, but not young mice. However, when used in combination with PLX4720, tumor burden was reduced in both young and aged mice, even in resistant tumors.<b>Conclusions:</b> Using glitazones as adjuvant therapy for melanoma may provide a new treatment strategy for older melanoma patients who have developed resistance to vemurafenib. As klotho has been shown to play a role in other cancers too, our results may have wide relevance for multiple tumor types. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3181-90. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Oxygen Release Property of Ceria/Alumina Composite Powder in Reducing Atmosphere at Low Temperatures (2013)

Oxygen release property of ceria (CeO2) in ceria/alumina composite powder by hydrogen was examined by the temperature-programmed reduction technique below the temperature of 600 °C. The results suggested the strong interaction and the structural relaxation at the interface of CeO2 and Al2O3 after the redox treatment at low temperatures. The activation energy of oxygen release by hydrogen was determined as 85 ± 15 kJ/mol for the interface of CeO2/Al2O3. Furthermore it increased to 194 ± 25 kJ/mol after the redox treatment, because oxygen was stabilized at the interface between alumina and ceria. This means that the interface is stabilized to produce the relaxed structure of interface in which oxygen is also stabilized.
The Initial Phase of an Immune Response Functions to Activate Regulatory T Cells (2009)

An early reaction of CD4(+) T lymphocytes to Ag is the production of cytokines, notably IL-2. To detect cytokine-dependent responses, naive Ag-specific T cells were stimulated in vivo and the presence of phosphorylated STAT5 molecules was used to identify the cell populations responding to IL-2. Within hours of T cell priming, IL-2-dependent STAT5 phosphorylation occurred primarily in Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells. In contrast, the Ag-specific T cells received STAT5 signals only after repeated Ag exposure or memory differentiation. Regulatory T cells receiving IL-2 signals proliferated and developed enhanced suppressive activity. These results indicate that one of the earliest events in a T cell response is the activation of endogenous regulatory cells, potentially to prevent autoimmunity.
Iron Oxide/Polymer‐Based Nanocomposite Material for Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption Applications (2014)

Abstract The processing of iron oxide nanoparticles derived from spray flame synthesis for specific adsorption applications is described. After the as‐prepared particles proved the ability for H 2 S removal in pure gas treatment, two different nanoparticle‐based composite materials were prepared. While impregnation of activated carbon with the as‐prepared nanoparticles showed the expected increase in H 2 S adsorption capacities, a significant enhancement in desulfurization performance was observed for a novel iron oxide nanoparticle composite material. H 2 S adsorption was tested in fixed‐bed breakthrough curve measurements. The H 2 S removal efficiency of the novel material under ambient conditions indicates highly promising properties for potential use in industrial and air pollution control applications.
Antibodies to ILT3 abrogate myeloid immunosuppression and enable tumor killing (2021)

ABSTRACT Tumor myeloid suppressor cells impede response to T cell checkpoint immunotherapy. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3, gene name, LILRB4 ) expressed on dendritic cells (DCs) promotes antigen-specific tolerance. Circulating monocytic MDSCs that express ILT3 have been linked to clinical outcomes and a soluble form of ILT3 is elevated in certain cancers. We find that LILRB4 expression is correlated with Gene Expression Profile of T-cell inflamed tumor microenvironment shown to be significantly associated with response to the anti-PD1 antibody pembrolizumab across several tumor types. A potent and selective anti-ILT3 mAb effectively antagonized IL-10 polarization of DCs and enabled T cell priming. In an MLR assay anti-ILT3 combined with pembrolizumab afforded greater CD8 + T cell activation compared to either agent alone. Anti-ILT3 antibodies impaired the acquisition of a suppressive phenotype of monocytes co-cultured with SK-MEL-5 cancer cells, accompanied by a reduction in surface detection of peptidase inhibitor 16, a cis interaction candidate for ILT3. Growth of myeloid cell-abundant SK-MEL-5 tumors was abrogated by ILT3 blockade and remodeling of the immune tumor microenvironment was evident by CyTOF. These data support the testing of anti-ILT3 antibodies for the treatment of a wide range of solid tumors replete with myeloid cells.