gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of all new structure of Dicing Die Attach Film (DDAF) for Stealth Dicing and Cool Expansion processes (2023)

Mobile devices, including smart phones and tablets, are increasing in complexity and require ever greater amounts of memory storage. In the past the challenge of higher memory densities and increase functionality has been met through miniaturization of device features, but as we reach the physical limits of feature size, packaging is being relied on more and more to achieve the necessary higher densities in memory and additional device functionality. Thin dies reduce overall package height, however, to achieve high memory densities in low profile packages the die attach material must have an even, thin bond line thickness. DAF (Die Attach Film) is an excellent solution. LINTEC developed an all new DDAF (Dicing Die Attach Film) with thinner DAF for CE (Cool Expansion) process. Conventional tape has a large area of exposed DAF surface which creates the risk of wafer and / or equipment contamination if DAF flies off during the CE process. We developed an all-new tape structure which is compatible with the SD (Stealth Dicing) and CE processes. The structure consists of DAF, IB (Intermediate Basefilm), and dicing tape. The diameter of the DAF and IB is close to the wafer diameter size to significantly reduce the risk of DAF separation and ejection during CE. We considered IB to improve DAF separation and it was found that a thinner IB layer is a good approach to separate DAF effectively. We can adjust adhesion between the DAF and the IB by changing the material properties of the IB, as an effective means to control die-fly and pick-up.
Funktionalisierte DNA: ein neues replizierbares Biopolymer (2001)

Durch enzymatische Polymerisation basenmodifizierter Nucleosidtriphosphate wurde eine funktionalisierte DNA (fDNA, siehe Bild) gebildet, in der jede Base einen zusätzlichen aminosäureähnlichen Rest trägt und so das Repertoire der funktionellen Gruppen von Peptiden auf einem Nucleinsäurerückgrat nachahmt. Diese modifizierten Oligonucleotide können als Templat für die Polymerasekettenreaktion dienen und sind daher als neue Klasse von Biopolymeren für In-vitro-Selektionstechniken geeignet.
Numerical Simulation of Wall Heat Load in Combustor Flow (2007)

Due to the major mechanism of NOx generation, there is generally a temperature trade off between improved cycle efficiency, material constraints and low NOx emission. The cycle efficiency is proportional to the highest cycle temperature, but unfortunately also the NOx production increases with increasing combustion temperature. For this reason, the modern combustion chamber design has been oriented towards lean premixed combustion system and more and more attention must be focused on the cooling air management. The challenge is to ensure sufficiently low temperature of the combustion liner with very low amount of film or effusion cooling air. Correct numerical prediction of temperature fields and wall heat load are therefore of critical interest in the modern combustion chamber design. Moreover, lean combustion technology has shown the appearance of thermo‐acoustic instabilities which have to be taken into account in the simulation and, more in general, in the design of reliable combustion systems. In this framework, the present investigation addresses the capability of a commercial multiphysics code (ANSYS CFX) to correctly predict the wall heat load and the core flow temperature field in a scaled power generation combustion chamber with a simplified ceramic liner. Comparison are made with the experimental results from the ITS test rig at the University of Karlsruhe [1] and with a previous numerical campaign from [2]. In addition the effect of flow unsteadyness on the wall heat load is discussed showing some limitations of the traditional steady state flow thermal design.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the 6‐ and 7‐Hydroxylated Cocaines and Pseudococaines. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Shedding ofMycoplasma pneumoniaeafter Tetracycline and Erythromycin Therapy (1967)

MOST early studies of the efficacy of antimicrobial treatment of atypical pneumonia were inconclusive because at that time many of the etiologic agents responsible for this syndrome were not known.1 The development of a sensitive and specific serologic test for infection with the Eaton agent by Liu et al.2 led to the demonstration that this agent was an important cause of atypical pneumonia.3 Later, it was shown that dimethylchlortetracycline was effective in the treatment of pneumonia due to the Eaton agent.4 The successful growth of the Eaton agent on an artificial medium5 and its subsequent identification as a mycoplasma ( . . .
An autosomal locus predisposing to multiple deletions of mtDNA on chromosome 3p. (1996)

Autosomal dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia (adPEO) is a disorder characterized by ptosis, progressive weakness of the external eye muscles, and general muscle weakness. The patients have multiple deletions of mtDNA on Southern blots or in PCR analysis of muscle DNA and a mild deficiency of one or more respiratory-chain enzymes carrying mtDNA-encoded subunits. The pattern of inheritance indicates a nuclear gene defect predisposing to secondary mtDNA deletions. Recently, in one Finnish family, we assigned an adPEO locus to chromosome 10q 23.3-24.3 but also excluded linkage to this same locus in two Italian adPEO families with a phenotype closely resembling the Finnish one. We applied a random mapping approach to informative non-10q-linked Italian families to assign the second locus for adPEO and found strong evidence for linkage on chromosome 3p 14.1-21.2 in three Italian families, with a maximum two-point lod score of 4.62 at a recombination fraction of .0. However, in three additional families, linkage to the same chromosomal region was clearly absent, indicating further genetic complexity of the adPEO trait.
Mapping cancer signaling networks by an integrated multiplexed tissue imaging platform (2016)

Aberrant cellular signaling networks are implicated in major diseases including cancer, but are difficult to reliably quantitate, as many signaling proteins are expressed at low abundance and further reduced following specimen collection. MTIP is an integrated tissue-imaging platform that leverages bright, fluorescent reporters and sensitive spectral instrumentation, along with automated staining, image acquisition and non-parametric image analysis, to attain reproducible, multiplexed quantitation of signaling proteins in tissue. MTIP captured the phosphoactivity of six key PI3K/MAPK proteins (pAKTS473, pAKT308, pPRAS40, pS6, peIF4G and pERK1/2) at high precision (coefficient of variation, CV &lt;10%), four-log dynamic range and subcellular resolution. We demonstrated the MTIP platform's capability to capture a diversity of PI3K/MAPK networks present in breast tumors. These protein networks are heterogeneously distributed across the tumor tissue and associated with subgroups of cells and underscore the importance of accessing information about signaling networks in spatially intact tissue. Analysis of PI3K/MAPK networks by hierarchical clustering showed that PI3K/MAPK networks do not strictly correlate with PI3K pathway mutations, also pointing to the value of functional signaling network profiling together with genomic information. MTIP's reliable quantitative capability can be applied to guide therapeutic development and selection in precision medicine.
Constant envelope precoding for power-efficient downlink wireless communication in multi-user MIMO systems using large antenna arrays (2012)

We consider downlink cellular multi-user communication between a base station (BS) having N antennas and M single-antenna users, i.e., an N × M Gaussian Broadcast Channel (GBC). Under an average only total transmit power constraint (APC), large antenna arrays at the BS (having tens to a few hundred antennas) have been recently shown to achieve remarkable multi-user interference (MUI) suppression with simple precoding techniques. However, building large arrays in practice, would require cheap/power-efficient Radio-Frequency (RF) electronic components. The type of transmitted signal that facilitates the use of most power-efficient RF components is a constant envelope (CE) signal (i.e., the amplitude of the signal transmitted from each antenna is constant for every channel use and every channel realization). Under certain mild channel conditions (including i.i.d. fading), we analytically show that, even under the stringent per-antenna CE transmission constraint (compared to APC), MUI suppression can still be achieved with large antenna arrays. Our analysis also reveals that, with a fixed M and increasing N, the total transmitted power can be reduced while maintaining a constant signal-to-interference-noise-ratio (SINR) level at each user. We also propose a novel low-complexity CE precoding scheme, using which, we confirm our analytical observations for the i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channel, through Monte-Carlo simulations. Simulation of the information sum-rate under the per-antenna CE constraint, shows that, for a fixed M and a fixed desired sum-rate, the required total transmit power decreases linearly with increasing N, i.e., an O(N) array power gain. Also, in terms of the total transmit power required to achieve a fixed desired information sum-rate, despite the stringent per-antenna CE constraint, the proposed CE precoding scheme performs close to the GBC sum-capacity (under APC) achieving scheme.
Hybrid silicon evanescent approach to optical interconnects (2009)

We discuss the recently developed hybrid silicon evanescent platform (HSEP), and its application as a promising candidate for optical interconnects in silicon. A number of key discrete components and a wafer-scale integration process are reviewed. The motivation behind this work is to realize silicon-based photonic integrated circuits possessing unique advantages of III–V materials and silicon-on-insulator waveguides simultaneously through a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor fabrication process. Electrically pumped hybrid silicon distributed feedback and distributed Bragg reflector lasers with integrated hybrid silicon photodetectors are demonstrated coupled to SOI waveguides, serving as the reliable on-chip single-frequency light sources. For the external signal processing, Mach–Zehnder interferometer modulators are demonstrated, showing a resistance-capacitance-limited, 3 dB electrical bandwidth up to 8 GHz and a modulation efficiency of 1.5 V mm. The successful implementation of quantum well intermixing technique opens up the possibility to realize multiple III–V bandgaps in this platform. Sampled grating DBR devices integrated with electroabsorption modulators (EAM) are fabricated, where the bandgaps in gain, mirror, and EAM regions are 1520, 1440 and 1480 nm, respectively. The high-temperature operation characteristics of the HSEP are studied experimentally and theoretically. An overall characteristic temperature (T 0) of 51°C, an above threshold characteristic temperature (T 1) of 100°C, and a thermal impedance (Z T ) of 41.8°C/W, which agrees with the theoretical prediction of 43.5°C/W, are extracted from the Fabry–Perot devices. Scaling this platform to larger dimensions is demonstrated up to 150 mm wafer diameter. A vertical outgassing channel design is developed to accomplish high-quality III–V epitaxial transfer to silicon in a timely and dimension-independent fashion.
Catalase over-expression protects striatal neurons from transient focal cerebral ischemia (2004)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play key roles in the cascade of brain injury after stroke, and strategies to increase the antioxidant defenses of neurons after stroke hold great promise. In this study we evaluate the neuroprotective potential of using a herpes simplex viral vector to over-express catalase in rats. Vector was microinfused into the striatum either prior to or after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Catalase over-expression was protective (relative to control vector) when the vector was delivered 14-16 h prior to ischemia, but not when delivered after ischemia. Thus, the timing of catalase over-expression relative to ischemia is a critical variable determining its potential therapeutic value.
Two-photon Absorption Enhancement with Gold Nanoantenna Array (2010)

Gold dipole nanoantennas which have strong local electromagnetic fields are used to enhance two-photon absorption. A 30 to 40 times enhancement is observed for BDPAS (4,4′-bis(diphenylamino)stilbene) at 600 nm.
Unsupervised Electrofacies Clustering Based on Parameterization of Petrophysical Properties: A Dynamic Programming Approach (2023)

Electrofacies using well logs play a vital role in reservoir characterization. Often, they are sorted into clusters according to the self-similarity of input logs and do not capture the known underlying physical process. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised clustering algorithm based on the concept of dynamic programming, in which the underlying physical processes and geological constraints, such as the number of clusters, number of transitions between clusters, and minimal size of formation layers, can be directly integrated. We benchmark the proposed algorithm with synthetic data sets and demonstrate its applications to two field examples, where formations are clustered into zones through automated clustering using a consistent resistivity response. The inputs for our examples are porosity, clay volume fraction from elemental analysis, invaded zone resistivity, and invaded zone water saturation from dielectric interpretation or nuclear magnetic resonance logs. The proposed algorithm provides the optimized cluster pattern/electrofacies that satisfies desired constraints and enables the extraction of relevant petrophysical parameters, such as brine resistivity, cementation, and saturation exponents, as well as parameters that relate to the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clay for shaly-sand formations. Beyond the immediate examples demonstrated in this paper, we present the proposed algorithm in a generic form such that it can be easily tailored to the task at hand, taking into account any prior knowledge of the physics of the underlying process.
Optimal noise matching for a phased array feed (2009)

From these results, it can be seen that the best overall performance is obtained with the multi-beam average optimal impedance matching condition. The beam equivalent receiver noise temperature realized with the active impedance match is comparable, but for a PAF the active reflection coefficients for some array elements have undesirably large magnitudes. These results indicate that the multi-beam average optimal match provides a stable, practical noise matching condition for phased array feeds which largely overcomes the noise penalty associated with mutual coupling.
Miniaturized UV/VIS spectrometer made by MOEMS technology (2009)

In recent years, many compact spectrometers for purposes such as environmental monitoring and process quality control in industrial production have been realized. However, most of them still employ spectrometer mounts with focal lengths in the range of several cm. Therefore, their size is about that of a palm which is too large for OEM-use in handily sized optical sensor equipment. Accordingly, we have developed a thumb-sized, truly miniaturized spectrometer for the spectral range 340nm to 750nm, which is particularly suited for use inside hand-held or portable color management sensor equipment. The spectrometer is using a self-imaging, aberration-corrected concave grating with very short focal length and a blazed grating profile for high diffraction efficiency. The grating is replicated onto the top of a convex glass lens using nano-imprint technology. Opposite to the concave grating, a dedicated C-MOS image sensor with an in-built on-chip slit is placed. The slit with a width of 75&mu;m is formed into the silicon chip using MEMS technology. Due to this advanced technology, the distance between the sensor area and the slit is as small as 1mm. Based on this high level of integration, the number of optical components could be kept to a minimum and the distance between the concave grating and C-MOS image sensor is about 8.5mm only. In summary, we have realized a well-performing miniaturized spectrometer with an extremely small package size of 28mm - 17mm - 13mm and a weight of only about 9g, which is highly suited for integration into optical sensing equipment.
Classicality of quantum information processing (2002)

The ultimate goal of the classicality program is to quantify the amount of quantumness of certain processes. Here, classicality is studied for a restricted type of process: quantum information processing (QIP). Under special conditions, one can force some qubits of a quantum computer into a classical state without affecting the outcome of the computation. The minimal set of conditions is described and its structure is studied. Some implications of this formalism are the increase of noise robustness, a proof of the quantumness of mixed state quantum computing, and a step forward in understanding the very foundation of QIP.
A Cryptophane Biosensor for the Detection of Specific Nucleotide Targets through Xenon NMR Spectroscopy (2007)

DNA sensor: A xenon host composed of a cryptophane structure with a DNA strand (see picture) serves to detect its complementary strand in the micromolar range through laser-polarized 129Xe NMR spectroscopy. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2267/2007/z700384_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Superresolution imaging of HIV in infected cells with FlAsH-PALM (2012)

Imaging protein assemblies at molecular resolution without affecting biological function is a long-standing goal. The diffraction-limited resolution of conventional light microscopy (∼200-300 nm) has been overcome by recent superresolution (SR) methods including techniques based on accurate localization of molecules exhibiting stochastic fluorescence; however, SR methods still suffer important restrictions inherent to the protein labeling strategies. Antibody labels are encumbered by variable specificity, limited commercial availability and affinity, and are mostly restricted to fixed cells. Fluorescent protein fusions, though compatible with live cell imaging, substantially increase protein size and can interfere with their biological activity. We demonstrate SR imaging of proteins tagged with small tetracysteine motifs and the fluorescein arsenical helix binder (FlAsH-PALM). We applied FlAsH-PALM to image the integrase enzyme (IN) of HIV in fixed and living cells under experimental conditions that fully preserved HIV infectivity. The obtained resolution (∼30 nm) allowed us to characterize the distribution of IN within virions and intracellular complexes and to distinguish different HIV structural populations based on their morphology. We could thus discriminate ∼100 nm long mature conical cores from immature Gag shells and observe that in infected cells cytoplasmic (but not nuclear) IN complexes display a morphology similar to the conical capsid. Together with the presence of capsid proteins, our data suggest that cytoplasmic IN is largely present in intact capsids and that these can be found deep within the cytoplasm. FlAsH-PALM opens the door to in vivo SR studies of microbial complexes within host cells and may help achieve truly molecular resolution.
Controlled Release of Encapsulated Bioactive Volatiles by Rupture of the Capsule Wall through the Light‐Induced Generation of a Gas (2015)

The encapsulation of photolabile 2-oxoacetates in core-shell microcapsules allows the light-induced, controlled release of bioactive compounds. On irradiation with UVA light these compounds degrade to generate an overpressure of gas inside the capsules, which expands or breaks the capsule wall. Headspace measurements confirmed the light-induced formation of CO and CO2 and the successful release of the bioactive compound, while optical microscopy demonstrated the formation of gas bubbles, the cleavage of the capsule wall, and the leakage of the oil phase out of the capsule. The efficiency of the delivery system depends on the structure of the 2-oxoacetate, the quantity used with respect to the thickness of the capsule wall, and the intensity of the irradiating UVA light.
Optimization of feedforward amplifier power efficiency on the basis of input power statistics (2002)

Despite its advantages, the feedforward linearization technique significantly degrades the efficiency of a power amplifier. A method of designing feedforward amplifiers for optimal dc-RF conversion efficiency is described, which has the convenience of requiring knowledge of only the power statistics of the input signal.
Methods for Identifying and Mapping Recent Segmental and Gene Duplications in Eukaryotic Genomes (2006)

The aim of this chapter is to provide instruction for analyzing and mapping recent segmental and gene duplications in eukaryotic genomes. We describe a bioinformatics-based approach utilizing computational tools to manage eukaryotic genome sequences to characterize and understand the evolutionary fates and trajectories of duplicated genes. An introduction to bioinformatics tools and programs such as BLAST, Perl, BioPerl, and the GFF specification provides the necessary background to complete this analysis for any eukaryotic genome of interest.
Structure and Reactivity of the Metal Centers of Ribonucleotide Reductases (1997)

Abstract The activation of the three classes of ribonucleotide reductases as free radical enzymes is reviewed. Class I uses O 2 and a diferric μ‐oxo center to generate a stable tyrosyl protein radical. Class II operates with adensoyl cobalamin as the precursor of a putative transient thiyl protein glycyl radical by the concerted forms an O 2 ‐sensitive protein glycyl radical by the concerted action of an iron–sulfur cluster and (S)‐adensoyl methionine.
What are corners? (2009)

Corners. No, not those places under your desk that collect all that dust. "Process Corners"... Those mythical parameter settings that are supposed to define some unknown measure of variability in a semiconductor manufacturing process. What are those corners? What does "Fast/Fast" really mean? How can one interpret the results of simulation using those corner parameters?
Optical Materials And Waveguides (2015)

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