gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of the Blast Furnace Route and the FINEX®‐Process for Low CO2 Hot Metal Production (2012)

Abstract The blast furnace is the most important process for the production of hot metal. An integral part of this process route is the coking of coal and sintering of fine ore. The FINEX®‐process is a new technology for hot metal production which uses untreated fine ores and coal instead of sinter and coke. This paper deals with the investigation of integration concepts of the blast furnace and FINEX®. Low reduced iron (LRI) and/or reducing gas are/is produced in FINEX® and are/is considered as substitute/s of burden and fuel in the blast furnace, respectively. In the article the overall fuel demand and CO 2 emissions for the integration of the blast furnace and FINEX® are shown. For that reason two case studies for the integration are carried out and compared with the base case, that is, the two‐independent processes. The CO 2 emissions are calculated considering the fuel and electric power consumption of the different cases.
MODL-09. Exploring the role of Magmas (mitochondria-associated protein involved in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor signal transduction) inhibition as a potential therapeutic intervention in medulloblastoma (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Brain tumors are the second most common type of pediatric cancer and the leading cause of all cancer-related deaths in children. Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common type of malignant pediatric brain tumor and has a five-year overall survival ranging from 40-75%, depending on the patient’s age and other prognostic features. There are various anti-cancer therapies against medulloblastoma, but the treatment of recurrent and refractory disease remains a challenge. As a result, the need for new and novel therapies remain a top priority. One area of interest in CNS tumors are targets within mitochondria. Magmas overexpression has been reported in multiple types of metabolically active tissue and cancer cells, including prostate cancer, pituitary adenoma, and glioma. Some new data suggest that specific subgroups of medulloblastoma may also overexpress Magmas. This ongoing study aims to examine whether Magmas inhibition by compound “BT9” could be beneficial in the treatment of medulloblastoma. METHODS: We continue to study the ability of a Magmas inhibitor (BT#9) as a therapeutic agent in stable medulloblastoma cell lines and patient-derived primary cultures by performing MTT assays, tunnel assays, flow cytometry, migration assays, and invasion assays. RESULTS: Similar to the adult GBM studies, Magmas inhibition by BT#9 had signiﬁcant cytotoxic eﬀects, causing both decreased cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and blocked cell migration in medulloblastoma cell lines DAOY, D283, and D425. IC50s determined for each during different time points demonstrated an average range 2-5μM compared to the average range seen in adult glioblastoma cell cultures which could range up to 10 μM. These findings suggest that the inhibition of Magmas could potentially optimize clinical outcomes in recurrent/refractory medulloblastoma and warrants further investigation. Our future studies will include the determination of IC50s for primary cell cultures and in vitro testing with patient-derived xenograft models.
Literacy Is an Independent Risk Factor for Vision Impairment and Poor Visual Functioning (2011)

Inadequate literacy is independently associated with visual impairment and poorer visual functioning. Interventions that address literacy may help to reduce socioeconomic disparities in visual impairment.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline (2016)

We recommend diagnostic tests for the exclusion of primary adrenal insufficiency in all patients with indicative clinical symptoms or signs. In particular, we suggest a low diagnostic (and therapeutic) threshold in acutely ill patients, as well as in patients with predisposing factors. This is also recommended for pregnant women with unexplained persistent nausea, fatigue, and hypotension. We recommend a short corticotropin test (250 μg) as the "gold standard" diagnostic tool to establish the diagnosis. If a short corticotropin test is not possible in the first instance, we recommend an initial screening procedure comprising the measurement of morning plasma ACTH and cortisol levels. Diagnosis of the underlying cause should include a validated assay of autoantibodies against 21-hydroxylase. In autoantibody-negative individuals, other causes should be sought. We recommend once-daily fludrocortisone (median, 0.1 mg) and hydrocortisone (15-25 mg/d) or cortisone acetate replacement (20-35 mg/d) applied in two to three daily doses in adults. In children, hydrocortisone (∼8 mg/m(2)/d) is recommended. Patients should be educated about stress dosing and equipped with a steroid card and glucocorticoid preparation for parenteral emergency administration. Follow-up should aim at monitoring appropriate dosing of corticosteroids and associated autoimmune diseases, particularly autoimmune thyroid disease.
Below the Surface (2018)

Activity recognition is a core component of many intelligent and context-aware systems. In this paper, we present a solution for discreetly and unobtrusively recognizing common work activities above a work surface without using cameras. We demonstrate our approach, which utilizes an RF-radar sensor mounted under the work surface, in two work domains; recognizing work activities at a convenience-store counter (useful for post-hoc analytics) and recognizing common office deskwork activities (useful for real-time applications). We classify seven clerk activities with 94.9% accuracy using data collected in a lab environment, and recognize six common deskwork activities collected in real offices with 95.3% accuracy. We show that using multiple projections of RF signal leads to improved recognition accuracy. Finally, we show how smartwatches worn by users can be used to attribute an activity, recognized with the RF sensor, to a particular user in multi-user scenarios. We believe our solution can mitigate some of users privacy concerns associated with cameras and is useful for a wide range of intelligent systems.
Influence of crystal structure of Y-doped ZrO<sub>2</sub> as support oxide on the three-way catalytic performance of supported Rh catalyst (2021)

The effect of crystal structure of Y-doped ZrO2 as support on the three-way catalytic performance of Rh catalyst was investigated. Rh catalyst supported on 3Y-ZrO2 with tetragonal phase showed higher activity than that on 3Y/ZrO2 with monoclinic phase. The difference in the Rh–support oxide interaction was suspected from the measurements of temperature-programmed reduction by CO (CO-TPR). The use of Y-doped ZrO2 as support was found to contribute to the formation of easily reducible Rh species, resulting in high catalytic activity. Rh species can more strongly interact with 3Y/ZrO2 than with 3Y-ZrO2, resulting in the formation of catalytically active reducible Rh species in Rh/3Y-ZrO2, which showed the highest activity. From Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy following CO adsorption, no qualitative difference in the surface valence state of Rh particles irrespective of crystallite structure of Y-doped ZrO2 was observed. On the other hand, a large fraction of the surface of Rh particles in Rh/3Y-ZrO2 was found to be Rh0 sites rather than Rh+ sites. This is related to the interaction of Rh particles with Y species in tetragonal 3Y-ZrO2. We concluded that the tetragonal structure of 3Y-ZrO2 with which Rh can interact via Y species is a key-factor to obtain highly active Rh catalysts.
Effects of Amphiphilic Polypeptoid Side Chains on Polymer Surface Chemistry and Hydrophilicity (2022)

Polymers are commonly used in applications that require long-term exposure to water and aqueous mixtures, serving as water purification membranes, marine antifouling coatings, and medical implants, among many other applications. Because polymer surfaces restructure in response to the surrounding environment, <i>in situ</i> characterization is crucial for providing an accurate understanding of the surface chemistry under conditions of use. To investigate the effects of surface-active side chains on polymer surface chemistry and resultant interactions with interfacial water (i.e., water sorption), we present synchrotron ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) studies performed on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)- and poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based polymer surfaces modified with amphiphilic polypeptoid side chains, previously demonstrated to be efficacious in marine fouling prevention and removal. The polymer backbone and environmental conditions were found to affect polypeptoid surface presentation: due to the surface segregation of its fluorinated polypeptoid monomers under vacuum, the PEO-peptoid copolymer showed significant polypeptoid content in both vacuum and hydrated conditions, while the modified PDMS-based copolymer showed increased polypeptoid content only in hydrated conditions due to the hydrophilicity of the ether monomers and polypeptoid backbone. Polypeptoids were found to bind approximately 2.8 water molecules per monomer unit in both copolymers, and the PEO-peptoid surface showed substantial water sorption that suggests a surface with a more diffuse water/polymer interface. This work implies that side chains are ideal for tuning water affinity without altering the base polymer composition, provided that surface-driving groups are present to ensure activity at the interface. These types of systematic modifications will generate novel polymers that maximize bound interfacial water and can deliver surface-active groups to the surface to improve the effectiveness of polymer materials.
Continuous polymer films deposited on top of porous substrates using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition and molecular layer deposition (2020)

Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is able to produce ultrathin polymer films with control over thickness, cross-linking, and chemical composition. With these capabilities, MLD should be useful in the fabrication of novel polymer membranes on porous supports. However, confining a continuous MLD film to the surface of porous substrates is difficult because of MLD film growth in the pores. The deposition in the pores lowers the conductance of the porous support. This paper presents a method to deposit continuous polymer films on top of porous substrates. In this method, Al2O3 plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) using trimethylaluminum and oxygen plasma as the reactants was first used to cap the pores of the substrate. Subsequently, a polyamide MLD film was deposited on the Al2O3 PE-ALD capping layer using m-phenylenediamine and trimesoyl chloride as the reactants. The Al2O3 pore caps were then removed from the porous substrate by etching from the backside using a timed exposure to a dilute sodium hydroxide solution. This method was demonstrated using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) and polyethersulfone (PES) porous substrates. Al2O3 PE-ALD film growth was limited to the top of the porous substrate, resulting in rapid surface recombination or high sticking coefficients for the reactive plasma species within the pores. Gas permeance measurements confirmed the pore capping of the AAO substrates. The reopening of the pores by dissolving the Al2O3 pore caps with a sodium hydroxide solution was monitored using gas permeance versus etch time. The removal of the Al2O3 pore caps from the PES substrates could also dissolve the Al2O3 layer underneath the MLD film. The loss of this Al2O3 layer led to the detachment of the MLD film from the PES substrate. However, the MLD film could be anchored to the PES support at fractures located in the Al2O3 film prior to the MLD. The Al2O3 film fracture allowed the MLD film to anchor firmly to the PES substrate by MLD in the pores of the PES porous substrate. The distance between the anchor points was a function of fracture density. This distance could be controlled by applying a tensile stress to the Al2O3 PE-ALD film to fracture the film through sample bending. This method produced firmly anchored polymer MLD films on top of the PES porous substrates.
Structural and Transcriptional Comparative Analysis of the S Locus Regions in Two Self-Incompatible Brassica napus Lines (1999)

Yuhai Cui, , Lisa Jackman, Yong-Mei Bi, Steven J. Rothstein, Structural and Transcriptional Comparative Analysis of the S Locus Regions in Two Self-Incompatible Brassica napus Lines, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 11 (Nov., 1999), pp. 2217-2231
Probing Excited Electronic States Using Vibrationally Mediated Photolysis:  Application to Hydrogen Iodide (2004)

We measure branching ratios and anisotropy parameters for the photolysis of HI(v=2,J=0) → H + I(2P°1/2)/I(2P°3/2) over the wavelength range 297−350 nm. HI is prepared in the v = 2, J = 0 rovibrational level using direct IR absorption, and the H-atom photofragments are probed with resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization coupled with core-extraction time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The new branching ratio measurements disagree with predictions obtained from ab initio calculations and from the results of an empirical analysis based on experimental values of the HI/DI(v=0) absorption cross sections and branching ratios. Thus, we combine our new data with all existing absorption coefficient and branching fraction data for HI/DI in a global analysis that provides a new empirical determination of the final-state potential curves and transition moment functions for the four excited electronic states contributing to the A-band UV absorption continuum of HI. This analysis yields two models for the radial dependence of the excited state potential energy curves and transition dipole moment functions. The existing data cannot differentiate these models, but this work identifies a range of experiments that would do so. More generally, we demonstrate that photodissociation of vibrationally excited molecules is a sensitive probe of the repulsive excited electronic states encountered in bound-free transitions.
Quantitative analysis of anisotropic magnetoresistance in Co2MnZ and Co2FeZ epitaxial thin films: A facile way to investigate spin-polarization in half-metallic Heusler compounds (2014)

Anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effect has been systematically investigated in various Heusler compounds Co2MnZ and Co2FeZ (Z = Al, Si, Ge, and Ga) epitaxial films and quantitatively summarized against the total valence electron number NV. It was found that the sign of AMR ratio is negative when NV is between 28.2 and 30.3, and turns positive when NV becomes below 28.2 and above 30.3, indicating that the Fermi level (EF) overlaps with the valence or conduction band edges of half-metallic gap at NV ∼ 28.2 or 30.3, respectively. We also find out that the magnitude of negative AMR ratio gradually increases with shifting of EF away from the gap edges, and there is a clear positive correlation between the magnitude of negative AMR ratio and magnetoresistive output of the giant magnetoresistive devices using the Heusler compounds. This indicates that AMR can be used as a facile way to optimize a composition of half-metallic Heusler compounds having a high spin-polarization at room temperature.
The reactions of O(3P) with some carboxylic acids and esters (1996)

The reactions of O( 3 P) with formic acid, acetic acid, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, and isopropyl acetate have been studied kinetically as a function of temperature. The rate constants were measured in a discharge-flow system under pseudo-first-order conditions with a large excess of the organic reagent. No reaction could be found between O( 3 P) and either formic acid or acetic acid in the temperature range 300–420 K. The acetate esters, on the other hand, reacted with O( 3 P) at readily measurable rates over the same temperature range. The temperature dependence of the rate constants for these reactions in the temperature range 300–580 K is given, in the units L mol −1 s −1 , by:[Formula: see text]The lack of measurable reaction with the carboxylic acids, the systematic increase in the preexponential factor with increasing size of the ester group, and the observation of a significant yield of acetic acid among the products of the reactions with the esters indicate that attack by O( 3 P) is predominantly at the ester function. Linear free energy correlations are used to compare the results for the esters with those for reactions of O( 3 P) with other organic compounds containing oxygen. Key words: kinetics, mechanism, reactions of O( 3 P) with esters.
Digital electronics in fibres enable fabric-based machine-learning inference (2021)

Digital devices are the essential building blocks of any modern electronic system. Fibres containing digital devices could enable fabrics with digital system capabilities for applications in physiological monitoring, human-computer interfaces, and on-body machine-learning. Here, a scalable preform-to-fibre approach is used to produce tens of metres of flexible fibre containing hundreds of interspersed, digital temperature sensors and memory devices with a memory density of ~7.6 × 10<sup>5</sup> bits per metre. The entire ensemble of devices are individually addressable and independently operated through a single connection at the fibre edge, overcoming the perennial single-fibre single-device limitation and increasing system reliability. The digital fibre, when incorporated within a shirt, collects and stores body temperature data over multiple days, and enables real-time inference of wearer activity with an accuracy of 96% through a trained neural network with 1650 neuronal connections stored within the fibre. The ability to realise digital devices within a fibre strand which can not only measure and store physiological parameters, but also harbour the neural networks required to infer sensory data, presents intriguing opportunities for worn fabrics that sense, memorise, learn, and infer situational context.
The stem cell revolution: on the role of CD164 as a human stem cell marker (2021)

Accurately defining hierarchical relationships between human stem cells and their progeny, and using this knowledge for new cellular therapies, will undoubtedly lead to further successful treatments for life threatening and chronic diseases, which represent substantial burdens on patient quality of life and to healthcare systems globally. Clinical translation relies in part on appropriate biomarker, in vitro manipulation and transplantation strategies. CD164 has recently been cited as an important biomarker for enriching both human haematopoietic and skeletal stem cells, yet a thorough description of extant human CD164 monoclonal antibody (Mab) characteristics, which are critical for identifying and purifying these stem cells, was not discussed in these articles. Here, we highlight earlier but crucial research describing these relevant characteristics, including the differing human CD164 Mab avidities and their binding sites on the human CD164 sialomucin, which importantly may affect subsequent stem cell function and fate.
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION-INDUCED ANTIHISTONE H1 AUTOANTIBODIES SUPPRESS MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION (2004)

In this article, the authors provide evidence that autoreactive antibodies against histone H1, which are transiently induced at the early stage by liver transplantation, are a major OLT-induced graft survival factor.
A 3D Parameter Can Guide Concave Rod Contour for the Correction of Hypokyphosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2020)

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New method for analysis of the transverse structure of any microstructured optical fibers by THG microscopy (2003)

We present the suitability of the third harmonic generation (THG) technique as a new nonlinear microprobe for non-destructive determination of the complete spatial characteristics of photonic bandgap (Bragg type) and air-silica microstructure (ASM) fibers.
Double Dearomatization of Bis(diphenylphosphinamides) through Anionic Cyclization. A Facile Route of Accessing Multifunctional Systems with Antitumor Properties (2007)

The sequential one-pot double dearomatization of bis(N-benzyl-P,P-diphenylphosphinamides) via anionic cyclization is described for the first time. Protonation and alkylation of the dearomatized dianions provide bis(tetrahydro-2,1-benzazaphospholes) in good yield and with very high regio- and stereocontrol. Acid-catalyzed methanolysis of the bisheterocycles affords bis(methyl gamma-aminophosphinates) stereospecifically. The doubly phosphorylated systems proved to be active against a series of cancer cell lines.
Modeling and Analyzing Waiting Policies for Cloud-Enabled Schedulers (2021)

Cloud platforms have popularized the Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) purchasing model, which enables users to rent computing resources on demand to execute their jobs. However, buying fixed resources is still much cheaper than renting if their resource utilization is high. Thus, to optimize cost, users must decide how many fixed resources to provision versus rent “on demand” based on their workload. In this article, we introduce the concept of a waiting policy for cloud-enabled schedulers and show that the optimal cost depends on it. The waiting policy explicitly controls how long jobs wait for resources, as jobs never need to wait, since cloud platforms provide the illusion of infinite scalability. A waiting policy is the dual of a scheduling policy: while a scheduling policy determines which jobs should run when fixed resources are available, a waiting policy determines which jobs should wait when fixed resources are not available. We define multiple waiting policies and develop simple and general analytical models to reveal their tradeoff between fixed resource provisioning, cost, and job waiting time. We evaluate the impact of different waiting policies on a real year-long batch workload consisting of 14M jobs run on a 14.3k-core cluster. We show that a compound waiting policy, which forces jobs with long running times or short waiting times to wait for fixed resources, offers the best tradeoff. The policy decreases both the cost (by 5 percent) and mean job waiting time (by 7×) compared to the current cluster, and also decreases the cost (by 43 percent) compared to renting on-demand resources for a modest increase in mean job waiting time (at 1.74 hours).