gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Drell-Yan dimuon production in proton-lead collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}} $$ = 8.16 TeV (2021)

A bstract Differential cross sections for the Drell-Yan process, including Z boson production, using the dimuon decay channel are measured in proton-lead (pPb) collisions at a nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass energy of 8.16 TeV. A data sample recorded with the CMS detector at the LHC is used, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 173 nb − 1 . The differential cross section as a function of the dimuon mass is measured in the range 15–600 GeV, for the first time in proton-nucleus collisions. It is also reported as a function of dimuon rapidity over the mass ranges 15–60 GeV and 60–120 GeV, and ratios for the p-going over the Pb-going beam directions are built. In both mass ranges, the differential cross sections as functions of the dimuon transverse momentum p T and of a geometric variable ϕ * are measured, where ϕ * highly correlates with p T but is determined with higher precision. In the Z mass region, the rapidity dependence of the data indicate a modification of the distribution of partons within a lead nucleus as compared to the proton case. The data are more precise than predictions based upon current models of parton distributions.
Multi-output Learning for Camera Relocalization (2014)

We address the problem of estimating the pose of a cam- era relative to a known 3D scene from a single RGB-D frame. We formulate this problem as inversion of the generative rendering procedure, i.e., we want to find the camera pose corresponding to a rendering of the 3D scene model that is most similar with the observed input. This is a non-convex optimization problem with many local optima. We propose a hybrid discriminative-generative learning architecture that consists of: (i) a set of M predictors which generate M camera pose hypotheses, and (ii) a 'selector' or 'aggregator' that infers the best pose from the multiple pose hypotheses based on a similarity function. We are interested in predictors that not only produce good hypotheses but also hypotheses that are different from each other. Thus, we propose and study methods for learning 'marginally relevant' predictors, and compare their performance when used with different selection procedures. We evaluate our method on a recently released 3D reconstruction dataset with challenging camera poses, and scene variability. Experiments show that our method learns to make multiple predictions that are marginally relevant and can effectively select an accurate prediction. Furthermore, our method outperforms the state-of-the-art discriminative approach for camera relocalization.
Japanese individuals do not harbor the T594M mutation but do have the P592S mutation in the C-terminus of the β-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (2000)

The epithelial sodium channel variants at the C-terminus are not involved in the common form of essential hypertension in Japanese.
Novel Inhibitors of IMPDH: A Highly Potent and Selective Quinolone‐Based Series (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Facile Solid-Phase Construction of Indole Derivatives Based on a Traceless, Activating Sulfonyl Linker (1999)

[reaction: see text] Palladium-mediated coupling/intramolecular indole cyclization of terminal alkynes with resin 8, followed by cleavage of the sulfonamide linkage, were executed under mild conditions to provide diverse indoles 10 in excellent yield and purity. This chemistry benefits from a dual-activation process that derives from use of a traceless N-sulfonyl linker. Also, direct mercuration of 9 (X = H, R = 4-Me-C6H4), followed by palladium-mediated coupling with methyl acrylate, efficiently provided 3-functionalized product 12.
Passivation of multiple-quantum-well Ge0.97Sn0.03/Ge p-i-n photodetectors (2017)

We study the effect of surface passivation on pseudomorphic multiple-quantum-well Ge0.97Sn0.03/Ge p-i-n photodetectors. A combination of ozone oxidation to form GeOx and GeSnOx on the surface of the diodes followed by atomic layer deposition of Al2O3 for protection of these native oxides provides reduced dark current. With a temperature-dependent investigation of dark current, we calculate the activation energy to be 0.26 eV at a bias of −0.1 V and 0.05 eV at −1 V for the sample passivated by this ozone method. Based on these activation energy results, we find that the current is less dominated by bulk tunneling at lower reverse bias values; hence, the effect of surface passivation is more noticeable with nearly an order-of-magnitude improvement in dark current for the ozone-passivated sample compared to control devices without the ozone treatment at a voltage of −0.1 V. Passivation also results in a significant enhancement of the responsivity, particularly for shorter wavelengths, with 26% higher responsivity at 1100 nm and 16% higher performance at 1300 nm.
Inside Back Cover: Impact of the Counter‐Electrode Material on Redox Processes in Resistive Switching Memories (ChemElectroChem 8/2014) (2014)

There is a strong impact of various counter-electrode materials on the electrocatalytic redox activity of oxide based ReRAMs, as shown on p. 1287 by I. Valov et al.
Tumor imaging with technetium-99m-labeled hydrazinonicotinamide-Fab' conjugates. (1997)

While both labeling methods resulted in tumor detection through imaging, the images obtained with the indirectly labeled antibody fragments were more easily visualized due to the combination of higher radioisotope accumulation in the tumor and similar blood clearances compared to the direct labeled fragment.
The Roles of University and Industry in Developing Optical Interconnect Systems (1996)

A simple protocol, based on Bligh-Dyer (BD) extraction followed by MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, for fast identification of paint binders in single microsamples is proposed. For the first time it is demonstrated that the BD method is effective for the simultaneous extraction of lipids and proteins from complex, and atypical matrices, such as pigmented paint layers. The protocol makes use of an alternative denaturing anionic detergent (RapiGest™) in order to improve efficiency of protein digestion and purification step. Detection of various lipid classes, such as triacylglycerols (TAGs) and phospholipids (PLs), and their oxidation by-products was accomplished, whereas proteins could be identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. The effect of pigments on ageing of lipids and proteins was also investigated. Finally, the proposed protocol was successfully applied to the study of a late-15th century Italian panel painting allowing the identification of various proteinaceous and lipid sections in organic binders, such as egg yolk, egg white, animal glue, casein, and drying oil.
Flexible SERS Substrates: Challenges and Opportunities (2016)

Abstract : Traditionally, most of the fabrication, assembly and testing of plasmonic nanostructures for surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates has pertained to static substrates such as glass and silicon. However, these static substrates severely limit the application of plasmonic nanostructures as (i) they provide no means to alter the state of assembly of the nanostructures once they are formed or anchored on the surface i.e., not reconfigurable and (ii) preclude applications which demand non-planar, flexible or conformal surfaces. The above considerations has led to the development of a novel class of SERS substrates based on flexible substrates such paper, polymer membranes and electrospun fibers. The workshop hosted a diverse set of scientists and engineers from academia, government and industry to identify the most critical challenges and potential opportunities in this exciting field. The workshop served as a forum to review the recent progress and exchange ideas amongst the participants with diverse research backgrounds. The workshop involved oral presentations from the principal investigators showcasing their recent work in the field and poster presentations from graduate students. A significant fraction of the time was dedicated to panel discussion to identify the most critical issues that need to be addressed.
Determination of the Site Occupancy of Holmium in SrTiO3 by Alchemi (1998)

Abstract The perovskite structure is based upon the mineral CaTiO3, which is a pseadocubic at room temperature. The ideal structure has a twelve fold coordinate A-site, and an octahedral coordinated B-site, and the face-centered position being oxygen. The perovskites have been of commercial interest for capacitors owing to their high dielectric constants. The crystal chemistry related to the perovskite based dielectrics multilayer capacitors (MLCs) is of interest in this paper. The MLCs with base metal internal electrodes such as copper and nickel have been studied for many years. To avoid oxidation of the nickel or copper electrodes during sintering, a reducing atmosphere is necessary. However, reduced firing causes two basic problems: an increasing of conductivity of the BaTiO3, dielectrics and limitation on reliability by the migration of oxygen vacancies. The solution for the first problem is to use acceptor dopants, such as MnO and more stable oxide additives, such as CaZrO3 to increase the resistivity of the dielectrics.
MoS2 nanoflower-decorated lignin nanoparticles for superior lubricant properties (2023)

Herein we report a hybrid organic–inorganic nanomaterial that combines the structural stability of colloidal lignin nanoparticles with the lubricant performance of MoS 2 nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Ligands Bearing Two N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Moieties at a Dioxolane Backbone. Gold, Palladium and Rhodium Complexes as Enantioselective Catalysts. (2010)

Abstract Biscarbene ligands with two imidazolin‐2‐ylidene moieties at a chiral dioxolane backbone are synthesized and used as ligands for gold, rhodium and palladium complexes.
LAT1 muscle‐specific knockout limits early load‐induced mTORC1 activity (1102.41) (2014)

Leucine exhibits a strong anabolic effect in skeletal muscle: increasing muscle protein synthesis via activation of mechanistic target of rapamycin‐complex 1 (mTORC1). Since LAT1 is the primary leucine transporter in skeletal muscle, its regulation could affect anabolic resistance. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the role of LAT1 muscle‐specific knockout (mKO) on mTORC1 activity after acute loading. Three month old control (CON; n = 11) and LAT1 mKO mice (mKO; n = 12) were anesthetized and unilaterally loaded. Tibialis anterior muscles were collected bilaterally 30 min, 3 h and 18 h post‐loading and mTORC1 activity was determined using western blot analysis of phospho/total S6K1 389 (pS6K1). pS6K1 increased 30 min and 3 h post‐loading from non‐stimulated limbs (NS) to stimulated limbs (S) for CON (30 min: NS: 0.98 ± 0.11, S: 3.46 ± 0.36, p &lt; 0.01; 3 h: NS: 0.98 ± 0.23, S: 9.95 ± 1.58, p &lt; 0.01) and mKO (30 min: NS: 1.16 ± 0.13, S: 1.74 ± 0.52, p = 0.27; 3 h: NS: 1.08 ± 0.14, S: 7.75 ± 1.99, p &lt; 0.01). Stimulated pS6K1 was higher in CON than mKO at 30 min (p &lt; 0.05) post‐loading. We conclude LAT1 mKO limits early mTORC1 activation and might contribute to anabolic resistance post‐loading.
Energy dispersion of tunnel spin polarization extracted from thermal and electrical spin currents versus bias voltage (2015)

The creation of spin current (i.e. the flow of spin angular momentum) is a central basis of spintron-ics [1,2], in which digital information is represented by the spin degree of freedom. It has been intriguingly established that the spin current in ferromagnetic tunnel contacts can be created either by electrical means (induced by a bias voltage) [3,4] or by thermal means (driven by a heat flow) [5,6]. The former of electrical spin injection is due to the spin dependence of tunnel conductance whereas the latter of thermal spin injection is due to the spin dependence of Seebeck tunnel coefficient [6]. Since both these parameters are determined by the energy dispersion of spin-dependent electronic states of the ferromagnetic tunnel contact [5,6], it is of importance to evaluate how its tunnel spin polarization (TSP) changes with energy (E) for completely understanding the variation of electrical and thermal spin currents with a bias voltage. At a small bias, only states near the Fermi energy (E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</sub> ) are involved in the tunneling process whereas at a large bias, there is a substantial contribution of electrons from the occupied (empty) states below (above) E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</sub> of the ferromagnet. In the present study, TSP as a function of E for ferromagnetic tunnel contacts (Co <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">70</sub> Fe <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">30</sub> /MgO) to semiconductors (silicon and germanium) has been extracted from thermal and electrical spin currents versus a bias voltage through a free electron tunneling model. By simultaneously describing the bias variation of thermal and electrical spin signals using the same E dispersion of TSP, we correlate the pronounced (moderate) variation of thermal spin current with voltage to the strong (fair) change of TSP with E in a consistent way. Furthermore, it is shown that for thinner MgO barriers, the application of a modest voltage can switch the thermal spin current on/off and can even reverse its sign, indicating a further improvement in terms of the voltage tunability. The result offers an alternative approach to characterize the E dispersion of TSP of ferromagnetic tunnel contacts, paving the way towards engineering their spin-dependent thermoelectric properties.
A method for the measurement of the properties of individual electrode-skin interfaces and the implications of the electrode properties for preamplifier design (1992)

A method to measure impedances of individual electrodes has been developed. The DC- and AC-loading conditions of the electrode can be varied in a large range. Impedance values of electrodes on unprepared or alcohol rubbed skin are measured to be very high and vary between electrodes both on the same test person and on different test persons. This leads to important consequences for interference reduction and current noise properties of the bioelectric amplifier.
Bis(N-methyl-N-phenylcarbamoyl)disulfane (2012)

The title compound, C(16)H(16)N(2)O(2)S(2), has been synthesized by several different high-yield routes, and has been encountered as a co-product in a number of reaction pathways, ever since it became of inter-est to our research program over 30 years ago. We now confirm the proposed mol-ecular structure in which the mol-ecule exhibits a twofold axis of symmetry through the mid-point of the S-S bond and the two planes defined by the (carbamo-yl)sulfenyl moieties are essentially perpendicular to each other [dihedral angle = 81.55 (14)°].
Binding of SycH Chaperone to YscM1 and YscM2 Activates Effector yop Expression in Yersinia enterocolitica (2004)

Yersinia enterocolitica transports YscM1 and YscM2 via the type III pathway, a mechanism that is required for the establishment of bacterial infections. Prior to host cell contact, YscM1 and YscM2 exert posttranscriptional regulation to inhibit expression of effector yop genes, which encode virulence factors that travel the type III pathway into the cytoplasm of macrophages. Relief from repression has been predicted to occur via the type III secretion of YscM1 and YscM2 into the extracellular medium, resulting in the depletion of regulatory molecules from the bacterial cytoplasm. Using digitonin fractionation and fluorescence microscopy of FlAsH-labeled polypeptides in Yersinia-infected cells, we have localized YscM1 and YscM2 within the host cell cytoplasm. Type III injection of YscM1 and YscM2 required the SycH chaperone. Expression of C-terminal fusions of YscM1 and YscM2 to the neomycin phosphotransferase reporter revealed sequences required for regulatory activity and for secretion in the absence of SycH. Coexpression of SycH and glutathione S-transferase (GST)-YscM1 or GST-YscM2, hybrid GST variants that cannot be transported by the type III apparatus, also relieved repression of Yop synthesis. GST-SycH bound to YscM1 and YscM2 and activated effector yop expression without initiation of the bound regulatory molecules into the type III pathway. Further, regulation of yop expression by YscM1, YscM2, and SycH is shown to act independently of factors that regulate secretion, and gel filtration chromotography revealed populations of YscM1 and YscM2 that are not bound to SycH under conditions where Yop synthesis is repressed. Taken together, these results suggest that YscM1- and YscM2-mediated repression may be relieved through binding to the cytoplasmic chaperone SycH prior to their type III injection into host cells.
Apoptosis Mechanisms Initiated by Oxidative Stress (2006)

Many aspects of the pro-apoptotic signal transduction processes induced by oxidative stress are becoming clear. The information now available indicates that ROS initiate apoptosis by most of the known signaling pathways and that different ROS utilize different initiation mechanisms. Interestingly, ROS may act at more than one step of an apoptotis signaling cascade. Some evidence suggests that the same ROS may initiate a different signal transduction process when it is generated intracellularly by an endogenous biochemical pathway than when it is added externally. These observations lead to questions about the relative importance for the pro-apoptotic signaling processes of the chemical reactivity of particular ROS, the site of formation/addition of the ROS, and the concentration and time course for exposure to an ROS. These questions deserve further study so that we can understand the processes leading to apoptosis and use this information for design of therapies.
EMOCA: Emotion Driven Monocular Face Capture and Animation (2022)

As 3D facial avatars become more widely used for communication, it is critical that they faithfully convey emotion. Unfortunately, the best recent methods that regress parametric 3D face models from monocular images are unable to capture the full spectrum of facial expression, such as subtle or extreme emotions. We find the standard reconstruction metrics used for training (landmark reprojection error, photometric error, and face recognition loss) are insufficient to capture high-fidelity expressions. The result is facial geometries that do not match the emotional content of the input image. We address this with EMOCA (EMOtion Capture and Animation), by introducing a novel deep perceptual emotion consistency loss during training, which helps ensure that the reconstructed 3D expression matches the expression depicted in the input image. While EMOCA achieves 3D reconstruction errors that are on par with the current best methods, it significantly outperforms them in terms of the quality of the reconstructed expression and the perceived emotional content. We also directly regress levels of valence and arousal and classify basic expressions from the estimated 3D face parameters. On the task of in-the-wild emotion recognition, our purely geometric approach is on par with the best image-based methods, highlighting the value of 3D geometry in analyzing human behavior. The model and code are publicly available at https://emoca.is.tue.mpg.de.
Vertical directional coupler network using a-Si slope waveguides (2019)

A CMOS compatible three-dimensional (3D) integrated photonics circuit for multilayer silicon photonics is reported. Slopes with angles between 10o and 15&deg; were created in the oxide layer using single step wet etching to connect the two Si waveguide layers. Amorphous Si (a-Si) deposited using hot wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) at a temperature of 230&deg;C was used to fabricate the device. Losses of 0.5 dB/slope were measured in the slope waveguides at 1310 nm wavelength. As a demonstration, we propose a 4x4 network switch using a-Si based vertical directional coupler.
Different Retrieval Models and Hybrid Term Indexing (2002)

Retrieval effectiveness depends on both the retrieval model and how terms are extracted and indexed. For Chinese, Japanese and Korea text, there are no spaces to delimit words. Indexing using hybrid terms (i.e. words and bigrams) was not very effective in NTCIR-II open evaluation. In this evaluation, we found that using the 2-Poisson model with hybrid term indexing can be effective in retrieval. With our pseudo-relevance feedback, the performance can be enhanced to a level that is comparable to the best performance in the formal runs. Therefore, we found that hybrid term indexing is promising when the 2-Poisson model is used.
Common-mode noise reduction in the Watkins-Johnson converter (2007)

Common-mode conducted noise in switching converters frequently causes radiated noise emission from their power code, so it is important to reduce this noise to meet EMC. In this paper common-mode conducted noise is much reduced in the Watkins-Johnson converter by current cancellation. The mechanism of the noise reduction is investigated, and the condition for the noise reduction is obtained by experiments.
A G-quadruplex-binding compound showing anti-tumour activity in an in vivo model for pancreatic cancer (2015)

We report here that a tetra-substituted naphthalene-diimide derivative (MM41) has significant in vivo anti-tumour activity against the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer xenograft model. IV administration with a twice-weekly 15 mg/kg dose produces ca 80% tumour growth decrease in a group of tumour-bearing animals. Two animals survived tumour-free after 279 days. High levels of MM41 are rapidly transported into cell nuclei and were found to accumulate in the tumour. MM41 is a quadruplex-interactive compound which binds strongly to the quadruplexes encoded in the promoter sequences of the BCL-2 and k-RAS genes, both of which are dis-regulated in many human pancreatic cancers. Levels of BCL-2 were reduced by ca 40% in tumours from MM41-treated animals relative to controls, consistent with BCL-2 being a target for MM41. Molecular modelling suggests that MM41 binds to a BCL-2 quadruplex in a manner resembling that previously observed in co-crystal structures with human telomeric quadruplexes. This supports the concept that MM41 (and by implication other quadruplex-targeting small molecules) can bind to quadruplex-forming promoter regions in a number of genes and down-regulate their transcription. We suggest that quadruplexes within those master genes that are up-regulated drivers for particular cancers, may be selective targets for compounds such as MM41.
A new measure of clustering effectiveness: Algorithms and experimental studies (2007)

Abstract We propose a new optimal clustering effectiveness measure, called CS1, based on a combination of clusters rather than selecting a single optimal cluster as in the traditional MK1 measure. For hierarchical clustering, we present an algorithm to compute CS1, defined by seeking the optimal combinations of disjoint clusters obtained by cutting the hierarchical structure at a certain similarity level. By reformulating the optimization to a 0‐1 linear fractional programming problem, we demonstrate that an exact solution can be obtained by a linear time algorithm. We further discuss how our approach can be generalized to more general problems involving overlapping clusters, and we show how optimal estimates can be obtained by greedy algorithms.