gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of lamellar isobutyl silicates and dispersion in polypropylene melts (2007)

Abstract A new synthetic clay, i C 4 ‐LMS, which is a lamellar mesostructured silicate with isobutyl groups covalently attached to silicate sheets, was synthesized with the goal to increase the compatibility of the inorganic sheets with polypropylene (PP) in a melt‐blending process. The lamellar morphology of i C 4 ‐LMS was confirmed using X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Based on 29 Si and 13 C{ 1 H} CP‐MAS NMR spectra, isobutyl functional groups were attached to at least 10 mol % of silicate tetrahedral sites in the inorganic layers. These surface groups mimic the subunits in the PP chains. Samples of i C 4 ‐LMS were mixed with several organic solvents and sonicated. The solvent most like PP, tetramethylpentadecane, had the highest viscosity, forming a gel which indicates very good dispersion of the clay. However, when i C 4 ‐LMS was melt‐blended with PP, it did not show significant increase in rheology. This modest effect on rheology may arise from fracture of i C 4 ‐LMS layers as a result of the shear stresses during melt blending produced by the viscous PP. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
New hyphenated methodologies in high‐sensitivity glycoprotein analysis (2005)

High-sensitivity glycoprotein analyses are of particular interest in modern biomedical and clinical research, as well as in the development of recombinant protein products. The evolution of new hyphenated methodologies in high-sensitivity glycoprotein analysis is highlighted in this thematic review. These methodologies include, in particular, capillary LC/MALDI/TOF/TOF MS in conjunction with online permethylation platform, and silica-based lectin microcolumns interfaced to MS. The potential of these methodologies in glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis is demonstrated for model glycoproteins as well as total glycomes and glycoproteomes derived from biological samples. Additionally, the applications of CE-MS, CEC, and nanoLC with graphitized carbon in the areas of glycomics and glycoproteomics are described.
A Novel Point Mutation at Position 156 of Reverse Transcriptase from Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Confers Resistance to the Combination of (−)-β-2′,3′-Dideoxy-3′-Thiacytidine and 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (1998)

Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resistant to (-)-beta-2',3'-dideoxy-3'-thiacytidine (3TC) were selected by culturing virus in the presence of increasing stepwise concentrations of 3TC. Two plaque-purified variants were isolated from the original mutant population, and both of these mutants were resistant to 3TC. Surprisingly, these mutants were also phenotypically resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and to the combination of 3TC and AZT. Purified reverse transcriptase (RT) from one of these plaque-purified mutants was resistant to the 5'-triphosphates of 3TC and AZT. DNA sequence analysis of the RT-encoding region of the pol gene amplified from the plaque-purified mutants revealed a Pro-to-Ser mutation at position 156 of RT. A site-directed mutant of FIV engineered to contain this Pro-156-Ser mutation was resistant to 3TC, AZT, and the combination of 3TC and AZT, confirming the role of the Pro-156-Ser mutation in the resistance of FIV to these two nucleoside analogs. This represents the first report of a lentiviral mutant resistant to the combination of AZT and 3TC due to a single, unique point mutation.
Laboratory evaluation of a novel anaesthesia delivery device (2016)

Summary Here, we describe proof of concept of a novel method for delivering volatile anaesthetics, where the liquid anaesthetic (sevoflurane or isoflurane) is formulated into an emulsion that is contained in a compact, lightweight device through which carrier gas flows. Release of anaesthetic is achieved by stirring of the formulation, allowing controlled and responsive release of anaesthetic at a variety of fixed flow rates between 0.5 l.min −1 and 5 l.min −1 , with ventilated, non‐ventilated and draw‐over breathing systems. Anaesthetic release was evaluated using target anaesthetic concentrations ranging from 0.5% v/v to 8% v/v to mimic those typically required for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, and lower concentrations suitable for sedation. Under all conditions, output could be maintained within 0.1% v/v of the intended setting, and the device could deliver a controlled level of anaesthetic for at least 60 min, with compensation for different ambient temperatures (10–30 °C) and carrier gas flow rates. This device offers a simple, inexpensive method of delivering safe concentrations of volatile anaesthetics for a wide range of applications.
Robust timing jitter control method for network synchronization (2009)

In this paper, a robust timing jitter control method is proposed and analyzed for network synchronization. In order to reduce timing jitter which exists in delays between a master and slave, following delay is estimated by using previous one. Then, these estimated ones are not according to exact ones which do not include jitter. But timing jitter can be certainly reduced although remaining some jitters. The proposed method in this paper can be applied to the network synchronization procedure.
Modeling populations of sleep hypnograms (2012)

We introduce methods for the analysis of large populations of sleep architectures (hypnograms) that respect the 5-state structure defined by the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. By applying these methods to the hypnograms of 5598 subjects from the Sleep Heart Health Study we: 1) provide an unprecedented high resolution view of the sleep architecture landscape in a community cohort; 2) extend current approaches to multivariate survival data analysis to populations of time-to-transition processes; and 3) provide scalable solutions for data analyses required by the case study. This allows us to provide detailed new insights into the association between sleep apnea and sleep architecture. Supporting R as well as SAS code and data are included in the online supplementary materials.
Nanogymnastics: Visualization of Intercluster Reactions by High-Resolution Trapped Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry (2019)

Although single-crystal X-ray diffraction is a proven technique to determine the structure of monolayer-protected coinage metal clusters in solid state, it is not readily applicable to the characterization of such cluster structures in solution. The complexity of the characterization problem increases further when intercluster reactions are studied, in which two reactive cluster ions interact to form final products using a sequence of structural changes involving exchange of metal atoms and ligands. Here, we present the first time-resolved structural study of such processes which occur when solutions of [TOA]⁺[Au₂₅(PET)₁₈]⁻ and [PPh₄]₄⁴⁺[Ag₄₄(FTP)₃₀]⁴– react upon mixing (PET: phenylethanethiolate; FTP: 4-fluorothiophenolate; and TOA: tetraoctylammonium ion). This is achieved using high-resolution trapped ion mobility mass spectrometry (TIMS). Specifically, we have used electrospray transfer to the TIMS apparatus followed by ion mobility measurements to probe the time-dependent structure of mass-selected AuₓAg₄₄–ₓ(FTP)₃₀⁴– (x = 0–12) exchange products, with limited FTP for PET exchanges, formed in the reaction medium. Over the roughly 40 min reaction time before equilibration, with a product distribution centered around Au₁₂Ag₃₂(FTP)₃₀⁴–, we observe intermediate species, AuₓAg₄₄–ₓ(FTP)₃₀⁴–, whose collision cross sections (CCSs) at a given x increase first relative to that of the Ag₄₄(FTP)₃₀⁴– parent and decrease subsequently. We attribute this to an energy-driven migration of the incorporated Au atoms from the ligated “staples” at the cluster surface to its icosahedral core. Upon collisional heating of AuₓAg₄₄–ₓ(FTP)₃₀⁴–, analogous back-migration of the heavier Au atoms from the core to the staples was observed in tandem mass spectrometry. To support our experimental observations, several isomeric structures (with all ligands) were calculated using density functional theory, and their CCS values were modeled using trajectory method calculations.
Mechanically Durable and Highly Conductive Elastomeric Composites from Long Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Mimicking the Chain Structure of Polymers (2012)

By using long single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as a filler possessing the highest aspect ratio and small diameter, we mimicked the chain structure of polymers in the matrix and realized a highly conductive elastomeric composite (30 S/cm) with an excellent mechanical durability (4500 strain cycles until failure), far superior to any other reported conductive elastomers. This exceptional mechanical durability was explained by the ability of long and traversing SWNTs to deform in concert with the elastomer with minimum stress concentration at their interfaces. The conductivity was sufficient to operate many active electronics components, and thus this material would be useful for practical stretchable electronic devices.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Heck Reaction/CH Functionalization—Preparation of Spiro‐Indane‐Oxindoles (2008)

Verknotet: Eine neuartige Tandemsequenz aus intramolekularer Heck-Reaktion und anschließender Funktionalisierung einer nichtaktivierten C-H-Bindung ergibt spirocyclisch verknüpfte Indan-Oxindole (siehe Schema; PMB=p-Methoxybenzyl). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2008/z800549_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The User Class Option for DHCP (2000)

This option is used by a DHCP client to optionally identify the type
or category of user or applications it represents. The information
contained in this option is an opaque field that represents the user
class of which the client is a member. Based on this class, a DHCP
server selects the appropriate address pool to assign an address to
the client and the appropriate configuration parameters. This option
should be configurable by a user.
Point-of-care haemostasis and coagulation monitoring in cardiac surgery at IRCCS Policlinico San Donato (2016)

A rational management of perioperative and postoperative bleeding in modern cardiac surgery requires a thorough application of point-of-care (POC) monitoring in order to prevent and readily treat alterations of the haemostatic process. Preoperative platelet dysfunction, residual heparin after extracorporeal circulation, coagulation factors, and/or fibrinogen deficiency could be ruled out and specifically addressed with an appropriate treatment. Our approach includes preoperative platelet function testing of patients administered with thienopyridines or ticagrelor within 7-10 days before planned surgery and platelet function testing-based surgery timing. In the case of postoperative bleeding, residual heparin is tested and additional protamine is eventually administered. Simultaneously, an overall activity of coagulation factors (except fibrinogen) is assessed and, if significantly reduced, correction with prothrombotic complex concentrate is considered. If fibrinogen deficiency is suspected, a specific test is run, and in the case of severe reduction, the deficiency is compensated by fibrinogen concentrate or appropriate volume of fresh-frozen plasma. If both coagulation factors and fibrinogen activity are reduced, fibrinogen is usually considered for correction as first line, followed by prothrombin complex concentrate in the case of further bleeding. It is our clinical practice not to test nor to treat patients until postoperative bleeding appears clinically relevant. At IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, we firmly believe in the importance of the POC-based strategy for haemostatic treatment and constantly update our knowledge through research projects targeted in answering clinically relevant questions.
Development of a Quantitative Structure−Activity Relationship Model for Inhibition of Gram-positive Bacterial Cell Growth by Biarylamides (2003)

A set of compounds consisting of a new and diverse collection of biarylamides was examined using quantitative structure-activity relationship techniques for the purpose of developing a model to describe inhibition of gram-positive bacterial growth (minimum inhibition concentration). The model was sought in order to obtain insight for designing new molecules. A detailed analysis of the underlying structure-activity relationship helped provide insight concerning which structural features of the molecules modulated the activity of the compounds against gram-positive organisms.
Quantitative nonlinear shear modulus mapping using freehand scanning (2020)

Nonlinear shear modulus (NLSM) can potentially distinguish between benign and malignant breast lesions. Although studies have demonstrated the potentials of quantitative NLSM mapping techniques, the prospect of using these techniques in clinic is limited due to the challenges they pose during data acquisition. NLSM imaging requires large tissue deformation and measurement of both tissue strain and shear wave speed involving two different types of elastography techniques. It is challenging to acquire such data at multiple compression levels while maintaining the speckle correlation within a plane. Additionally, deformation induced from free-hand scanning is compound in nature, containing both compression and shear components, which is not well-modeled. In this work, we developed a freehand NLSM imaging technique that overcomes these challenges. First, we utilized a recently developed analytic model that estimates NLSM at lower levels of compound motion. Second, we developed acquisition sequences that allow rapid acquisition of strain and shear wave elastographic data.
Physical layer security for wireless sensing and joint radar and communications (2022)

This chapter focuses on providing physical layer security (PLS) to the joint radar and communication (JRC) systems. The integration of sensing and communication via shared spectral, hardware, and signal processing framework provides energy and cost efficiency. However, the inclusion of information into radar probing signals makes the communication susceptible to eavesdropping from the potential radar targets thereby generating a tradeoff, where the JRC transmitter needs to direct sufficient power toward the target to illuminate it while simultaneously limiting useful signal power to prevent eavesdropping. In addition to that, critical sensing information gathered via various sensing techniques including radar systems must also be protected. Therefore, in this chapter, various attacks such as exploratory, manipulation and disruption attacks on wireless sensing are discussed along with the techniques to counter them. Moreover, certain algorithms and PLS techniques are described for the realization of secure joint radar and communication systems.
Kinetic subtleties of nitroxide mediated polymerization (2011)

Due to the academic and industrial interest of Nitroxide Mediated Polymerization (NMP), a lot of investigations have focused on the kinetics of this process. During the last decade, although the simplified kinetic scheme--equilibrium reactions between dormant species (alkoxyamine) and active species (alkyl radicals and nitroxides), propagation reaction of the macro-alkyl radical, and termination reactions--was suitable to predict the main trends at the macromolecular level, it has become obvious that it was not sufficient to describe all the kinetic effects involved in the NMP process. Indeed, like the conventional radical polymerization, NMP should be described as a 3 stage process including initiation, propagation, and self- and cross-termination. These two types of radical polymerization differ by the occurrence during NMP of an activation/deactivation process involving the dormant species in both the initiation and propagation stages. Evidence is provided of the importance of the rate of homolysis of the initiator (alkoxyamines) and of the rate of the first alkyl radical addition onto the monomer for the success of NMP. Thus, the fundamental kinetics of the main reactions involved in NMP as well as side-reactions are also discussed in this tutorial review.
Priapism: Medical and Surgical Therapy (2010)

Priapism is a rare disorder, typified by a persistent penile erection, which is usually painful. Though rare, it is seen commonly in certain patient populations, e.g. sickle-cell disease. Priapism is a true urological emergency. Unfortunately, due to the general rarity of the disorder, many patients delay in seeking medical attention and medical practitioners may also be delayed in initiation of proper management. Priapism can also be quite a frustrating disorder to manage, as available treatment modalities may be unsuccessful in averting the dreaded complication of erectile dysfunction. Much has been learnt recently about the molecular pathophysiology of priapism. This may serve, in the future, as an opportunity for prophylaxis in patients with recurrent episodes of priapism. In addition, new innovations are being described in distal penile shunts, which may improve success rates of treatment. The current chapter outlines the etiology and pathophysiology of priapism, guidelines for management, and evolving treatment modalities.
Quantization mode opportunities in fixed-point system design (2010)

Finding the optimal tradeoff in terms of area, delay and energy consumption which satisfies a given DSP functionality is the main objective of hardware and embedded software designers. Signal bit-widths importantly impact these metrics. Signals with less bits also require operators with smaller area, shorter critical path and lower energy consumption. In some applications, these minimal signal bit-widths can vary significantly depending on the quantization mode. As a result, a rounding-based implementation may require smaller minimal bit-widths than a truncation-based one and potentially lead to cheaper system implementations. The optimal quantization mode combination (QMC) can reduce significantly the implementation cost compared to a traditional implementation based on the truncation mode. This has been demonstrated on different representative kernels. For example, in the case of a LMS filter, the optimal QMC can reduce up to 46% of the area of an implementation based on truncation. © EURASIP, 2010.
Deep-Learning-Based Accelerated and Noise-Suppressed Estimation (DANSE) of quantitative Gradient Recalled Echo (qGRE) MRI metrics associated with Human Brain Neuronal Structure and Hemodynamic Properties (2021)

Abstract Purpose To introduce a Deep-Learning-Based Accelerated and Noise-Suppressed Estimation (DANSE) method for reconstructing quantitative maps of biological tissue cellular-specific, R 2 t * and hemodynamic-specific, R 2′ from Gradient-Recalled-Echo (GRE) MRI data with multiple gradient-recalled echoes. Methods DANSE method adapts supervised learning paradigm to train a convolutional neural network for robust estimation of R 2 t * and R 2′ maps free from the adverse effects of macroscopic ( B 0 ) magnetic field inhomogeneities directly from the GRE magnitude images without utilizing phase images. The corresponding ground-truth maps were generated by means of a voxel-by-voxel fitting of a previously-developed biophysical quantitative GRE (qGRE) model accounting for tissue, hemodynamic and B 0 -inhomogeneities contributions to GRE signal with multiple gradient echoes using nonlinear least square (NLLS) algorithm. Results We show that the DANSE model efficiently estimates the aforementioned brain maps and preserves all features of NLLS approach with significant improvements including noise-suppression and computation speed (from many hours to seconds). The noise-suppression feature of DANSE is especially prominent for data with SNR characteristic for typical GRE data (SNR~50), where DANSE-generated R 2 t * and R 2′ maps had three times smaller errors than that of NLLS method. Conclusions DANSE method enables fast reconstruction of magnetic-field-inhomogeneity-free and noise-suppressed quantitative qGRE brain maps. DANSE method does not require any information about field inhomogeneities during application. It exploits spatial patterns in the qGRE MRI data and previously-gained knowledge from the biophysical model, thus producing clean brain maps even in the environments with high noise levels. These features along with fast computational speed can lead to broad qGRE clinical and research applications.
CHAPTER IV (2011)

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HTF (2021)

Mobile apps that use location data are pervasive, spanning domains such as transportation, urban planning and healthcare. Important use cases for location data rely on statistical queries, e.g., identifying hotspots where users work and travel. Such queries can be answered efficiently by building histograms. However, precise histograms can expose sensitive details about individual users. Differential privacy (DP) is a mature and widely-adopted protection model, but most approaches for DP-compliant histograms work in a data-independent fashion, leading to poor accuracy. The few proposed data-dependent techniques attempt to adjust histogram partitions based on dataset characteristics, but they do not perform well due to the addition of noise required to achieve DP. We identify density homogeneity as a main factor driving the accuracy of DP-compliant histograms, and we build a data structure that splits the space such that data density is homogeneous within each resulting partition. We show through extensive experiments on large-scale real-world data that the proposed approach achieves superior accuracy compared to existing approaches.
The Elastin Receptor Complex Transduces Signals through the Catalytic Activity of Its Neu-1 Subunit (2007)

The binding of elastin peptides on the elastin receptor complex leads to the formation of intracellular signals but how this is achieved remains totally unknown. Using pharmacological inhibitors of the enzymatic activities of its subunits, we show here that the elastin peptide-driven ERK1/2 activation and subsequent pro-MMP-1 production, observed in skin fibroblasts when they are cultured in the presence of these peptides, rely on a membrane-bound sialidase activity. As lactose blocked this effect, the elastin receptor sialidase subunit, Neu-1, seemed to be involved. The use of a catalytically inactive form of Neu-1 and the small interfering RNA-mediated decrease of Neu-1 expression strongly support this view. Finally, we report that N-acetyl neuraminic acid can reproduce the effects of elastin peptides on both ERK1/2 activation and pro-MMP-1 production. Altogether, our results indicate that the enzymatic activity of the Neu-1 subunit of the elastin receptor complex is responsible for its signal transduction, presumably through sialic acid generation from undetermined substrates.