gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Power Electro-Optical Switch Based on a III-V Microdisk Cavity on a Silicon-on-Insulator Circuit (2009)

We introduce a compact, low-power electro-optical switch on a silicon-on-insulator circuit through heterogeneous integration. A 10μm diameter III-V microdisk cavity is employed as the switching element. Switching of a 10Gbps optical signal is demonstrated by sweeping the bias between −1.1V and +0.9V with 15dB extinction ratio and 1.2ns switching speed.
Maternal Immunity Provides Protection against Pertussis in Newborn Piglets (2006)

Pertussis continues to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants and young children worldwide. Methods to control the disease are based on vaccination with either whole-cell or acellular vaccines or treatment with antibiotics. However, despite worldwide vaccination infants are still at the highest risk for the disease. Here we used our newly developed newborn-piglet model to investigate whether transfer of maternal immunity can protect newborn piglets against infection with Bordetella pertussis. Pregnant sows were vaccinated with heat-inactivated B. pertussis or treated with saline (controls). Newborn piglets were allowed to suckle colostrum and milk for 4 to 5 days before they were challenged with 5 x 10(9) CFU of bacteria intrapulmonarily. Elevated levels of B. pertussis-specific secretory immunoglobulin A (S-IgA) and IgG antibodies were found in the colostrum and serum of vaccinated sows but not in those of control sows. Subsequently, significant levels of specific IgG and S-IgA were detected in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of piglets born to vaccinated sows. Following infection with 5 x 10(9) CFU of B. pertussis, clinical symptoms, pathological alterations, and bacterial shedding were significantly reduced in piglets that had received passively transferred immunity. Thus, our results demonstrate that maternal immunization might represent an alternative approach to provide protection against pertussis in young infants.
Microfluidic-based mini-metagenomics enables discovery of novel microbial lineages from complex environmental samples (2017)

Metagenomics and single-cell genomics have enabled genome discovery from unknown branches of life. However, extracting novel genomes from complex mixtures of metagenomic data can still be challenging and represents an ill-posed problem which is generally approached with ad hoc methods. Here we present a microfluidic-based mini-metagenomic method which offers a statistically rigorous approach to extract novel microbial genomes while preserving single-cell resolution. We used this approach to analyze two hot spring samples from Yellowstone National Park and extracted 29 new genomes, including three deeply branching lineages. The single-cell resolution enabled accurate quantification of genome function and abundance, down to 1% in relative abundance. Our analyses of genome level SNP distributions also revealed low to moderate environmental selection. The scale, resolution, and statistical power of microfluidic-based mini-metagenomics make it a powerful tool to dissect the genomic structure of microbial communities while effectively preserving the fundamental unit of biology, the single cell.
Flow Measurement of Coarse Particles in Pneumatic Conveyers (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlow Measurement of Coarse Particles in Pneumatic ConveyersUzi Mann and E. J. CrosbyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1977, 16, 1, 9–13Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260061a002https://doi.org/10.1021/i260061a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Characterization of cDNAs, mRNAs, and proteins related to human liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 S-mephenytoin 4-hydroxylase (1988)

A cytochrome P-450 (P-450) multigene family codes for several related human liver enzymes, including the P-450 responsible for (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation. This enzyme activity has previously been shown to be associated with a genetic polymorphism. Genomic (Southern) blot analysis using non-overlapping 5' and 3' portions of a cDNA clone suggests that approximately seven related sequences are present in this gene family. In this study four cDNA clones, all nearly full-length, were isolated from a bacteriophage lambda gt11 library prepared from a single human liver. These clones can be grouped into two categories that are approximately 85% identical at the level of DNA sequence. The cDNA clones in one category (MP-4, MP-8) both match the N-terminal sequences of the P-450MP-1 and P-450MP-2 proteins, which had previously been shown to be catalytically active in (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation. These two cDNAs, MP-4 and MP-8, differ in only two bases in the coding region but are quite distinct in their 3' noncoding regions. Another protein (P-450MP-3) was isolated on the basis of its immunochemical similarity to P-450MP-1 but was found to be catalytically inactive; amino acid sequencing of tryptic peptides of P-450MP-3 showed a correspondence to the second category of cDNA clones (MP-12, MP-20), which differ from each other in only four (nonsilent) base changes. Oligonucleotides specific for the two groups of cDNA clones were used as probes of human liver mRNAs--individual liver samples examined expressed both types of mRNAs but no correlation was observed between the abundance levels of any mRNA and catalytic activity. Further, oligonucleotide probes indicated that mRNAs corresponding to both the MP-4 and MP-8 clones were apparently present in individual liver samples. A monoclonal antibody was isolated that recognized P-450MP-1 but not P-450MP-2 or P-450MP-3; the amount of protein detected by the antibody in different liver samples was not correlated with the mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase activity. These results indicate that several closely related P-450 genes are all expressed in individual human livers. The MP-4/MP-8 gene products are proposed to be the ones most likely involved in mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylation, and much of the variation in catalytic activity among individuals is not a result of differences in levels of P-450MP-1 or mRNA but may be due to base differences in the structural gene(s).
Single walled carbon nanotube network—Tetrahedral amorphous carbon composite film (2015)

Single walled carbon nanotube network (SWCNTN) was coated by tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) using a pulsed Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc system to form a SWCNTN—ta-C composite film. The effects of SWCNTN areal coverage density and ta-C coating thickness on the composite film properties were investigated. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements prove the presence of high quality sp3 bonded ta-C coating on the SWCNTN. Raman spectroscopy suggests that the single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) forming the network survived encapsulation in the ta-C coating. Nano-mechanical testing suggests that the ta-C coated SWCNTN has superior wear performance compared to uncoated SWCNTN.
Further studies on ultrasonic contrast blood flowmetry (2002)

It was demonstrated in a previous work (see IEEE Ultras. Sym. Proc., vol.2, pp.907-910, 1989) that change in ultrasonic attenuation of a flowing fluid as a function of time following a bolus injection of a gaseous ultrasonic contrast agent can be used to derive mean flow rate based upon the indicator dilution principle and that flow profile can be estimated using a real-time B-scanner from images of the agent. Here, results are presented to show that ultrasonic contrast agents may also be useful for time domain blood flow estimation via cross-correlation or a dual-probe approach. Two different approaches of time domain contrast ultrasonic flowmetry were studied using a mock flow loop: (1) velocity estimation using an optical correlator from recorded video ultrasonic images, and (2) velocity estimation using a two-probe arrangement from cross correlation of RF signals. Both methods use bolus injection of a contrast agent upstream from the monitoring site.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Extreme Imaging and Beyond (2015)

I introduce a unique ultrafast optical imaging method known as sequentially timed all-optical mapping photography (STAMP) which enables motion-picture femtophotography at an unprecedented frame rate of more than a trillion frames per second.
Method for optical pumping of thin laser media at high average power (2002)

A thin, planar laser material is bonded to a light guide of an index-matched material forming a composite disk. Diode array or other pump light is introduced into the composite disk through the edges of the disk. Pump light trapped within the composite disk depletes as it multi-passes the laser medium before reaching an opposing edge of the disk. The resulting compound optical structure efficiently delivers concentrated pump light and to a laser medium of minimum thickness. The external face of the laser medium is used for cooling. A high performance cooler attached to the external face of the laser medium rejects heat. Laser beam extraction is parallel to the heat flux to minimize optical distortions.
Nanogap capacitors: Sensitivity to sample permittivity changes (2006)

Sensors based on nanogap capacitance changes are being developed for genomic and proteomic applications because they offer label-free detection on platforms amenable to high throughput configurations. We compare impedance spectroscopy measurements with a rigorously characterized model that predicts the impedance spectrum of these devices based on geometry. Sensitivity to permittivity changes is also predicted by the model and compared to the measured values in the frequency range from 1Hz to 3MHz. The lowest detection limit for the magnitude of the impedance (∣Z∣) is in the region of 100–0.2MHz, and was measured to be a 1.7% change in permittivity across different devices.
A distributed real-time operating system (1992)

Two versions of the HARTS operating system, which is based on Software Components Group's pSOS uniprocessor kernel, are presented. In one version, pSOS services are enhanced to provide interprocessor communication and a distributed naming service. In the second version, real-time fault-tolerant communication, including reliable broadcasting, clock synchronization, and group communication are added to the HARTS operating system. Three tools to evaluate the performance and fault tolerance dependability of HARTS hardware and software-a synthetic-workload generator, a monitor, and a fault injector-are described. The generator produces a synthetic workload, the monitor collects the performance data, and the fault injector simulates faulty behavior for further study. Together these tools create a facility that lets the user perform a wide range of experiments. The tools are independent, so they are equally effective separately or together, depending on the requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bismuth induced enhancement of Rashba spin–orbit interaction in GaAsBi/GaAs heterostructures (2023)

The incorporation of heavy atoms into semiconductor heterostructures is a promising way to enhance the spin–orbit interaction of carriers moving in two-dimensional channels. We investigated the strength of spin–orbit interaction in a sample containing an epitaxially grown GaAsBi channel. Time- and spatially resolved Kerr rotation measurements revealed the existence of Rashba-type spin–orbit effective magnetic fields experienced by the photo-injected spins diffusing in the GaAsBi layer. The spin–orbit interaction parameters deduced from both experiments and theory suggest that, as a result of an increase in the spin–orbit split-off energy due to Bi, the offset energies of the valence band and spin split-off band at the GaAsBi/GaAs interface work constructively to enhance the Rashba spin–orbit interaction parameter, which is one order of magnitude larger than those arising from conventional GaAs/AlGaAs and InGaAs/GaAs interfaces.
Multi-site test optimization for multi-V<inf>dd</inf> SoCs using space- and time- division multiplexing (2014)

Even though system-on-chip (SoC) testing at multiple voltage settings significantly increases test complexity, the use of a different shift frequency at each voltage setting offers parallelism that can be exploited by time-division multiplexing (TDM) to reduce test length. We show that TDM is especially effective for small-bitwidth and heavily loaded test-access mechanisms (TAMs), thereby tangibly increasing the effectiveness of multi-site testing. However, TDM suffers from some inherent limitations that do not allow the fullest possible exploitation of TAM bandwidth. To overcome these limitations, we propose space-division multiplexing (SDM), which complements TDM and offers higher multi-site test efficiency. We implement space-and time-division multiplexing (STDM) using a new, scalable test-time minimization method based on a combination of bin packing and simulated annealing. Results for industrial SoCs, highlight the advantages of the proposed optimization method.
Stacked Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks for Action Segmentation (2020)

We propose novel Stacked Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Networks (Stacked-STGCN) for action segmentation, i.e., predicting and localizing a sequence of actions over long videos. We extend the Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (STGCN) originally proposed for skeleton-based action recognition to enable nodes with different characteristics (e.g., scene, actor, object, action), feature descriptors with varied lengths, and arbitrary temporal edge connections to account for large graph deformation commonly associated with complex activities. We further introduce the stacked hourglass architecture to STGCN to leverage the advantages of an encoder-decoder design for improved generalization performance and localization accuracy. We explore various descriptors such as frame- level VGG, segment-level I3D, RCNN-based object, etc. as node descriptors to enable action segmentation based on joint inference over comprehensive contextual information. We show results on CAD120 (which provides pre-computed node features and edge weights for fair performance comparison across algorithms) as well as a more complex real- world activity dataset, Charades. Our Stacked-STGCN in general achieves improved performance over the state-of- the-art for both CAD120 and Charades. Moreover, due to its generic design, Stacked-STGCN can be applied to a wider range of applications that require structured inference over long sequences with heterogeneous data types and varied temporal extent.
Ex vivo expansion and selection of human CD34+ peripheral blood progenitor cells after introduction of a mutated dihydrofolate reductase cDNA via retroviral gene transfer (1995)

Retroviral gene transfer into human myeloid precursor cells allows introduction of marker genes as well as genes conferring resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. We transduced a human mutant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA into CD34 antigen-positive peripheral blood cells from patients with breast or ovarian cancer obtained after treatment with chemotherapy and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). This mutant DHFR has been shown to confer resistance to methotrexate (MTX) in murine bone marrow. We established a transduction protocol that permitted ex vivo expansion and selection of transduced early progenitor cells. The number of progenitor cells from transduced CD34-positive cells increased 50-fold after cytokine prestimulation with interleukin-1 (IL-1), c-kit ligand (KL; stem cell factor), and IL-3 and 2 weeks in liquid culture. Transduced colony-forming unit-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), assayed directly after the transduction procedure, were protected completely against 2 x 10(-8) mol/L MTX, a concentration that significantly reduced the CFU-GM detected in the control population. Gene transfer of the mutant DHFR led to a twofold selective advantage for a pre-CFU population after exposure to MTX in liquid culture (P < .001). Polybrene, in contrast with protamine, significantly inhibited the expansion of progenitors. The presence of proviral DNA was monitored by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and was detected in greater than 80% of CFU-GM and ex vivo expanded pre-CFU. We have demonstrated that human hematopoietic precursor cells can be expanded extensively after retroviral gene transfer. The same population of early progenitors can be selected ex vivo with low-dose MTX. As long-term expression of transduced genes in human hematopoietic cells remains a problem in vivo, these results may have implications for future clinical trials, especially for the introduction of nonselectable genes.
Molecular orbital approach to photochemical assignments of excited states. Photoreactions of coordinated azide (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular orbital approach to photochemical assignments of excited states. Photoreactions of coordinated azideJeffrey I. ZinkCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1975, 14, 2, 446–448Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50144a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50144a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The N-linked oligosaccharide at Fc RIIIa Asn-45: an inhibitory element for high Fc RIIIa binding affinity to IgG glycoforms lacking core fucosylation (2008)

Human leukocyte receptor IIIa (Fc gamma RIIIa) plays an important role in mediating therapeutic antibodies' antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which is closely related to the clinical efficacy of anticancer processes in humans in vivo. The removal of the core fucose from oligosaccharides attached to the Fc region of antibodies improves Fc gamma RIIIa binding, allowing the antibodies to enhance dramatically the antibody effector functions of ADCC. In this study, the contribution of Fc gamma RIIIa oligosaccharides to the strength of the Fc gamma RIIIa/antibody complex was analyzed using a serial set of soluble human recombinant Fc gamma RIIIa lacking the oligosaccharides. A nonfucosylated antibody IgG1 appeared to have a significantly higher affinity to the wild-type Fc gamma RIIIa fully glycosylated at its five N-linked oligosaccharide sites than did the fucosylated IgG1, and this increased binding was almost abolished once all of the Fc gamma RIIIa glycosylation was removed. Our gain-of-function analysis in the Fc gamma RIIIa oligosaccharide at Asn-162 (N-162) confirmed that N-162 is the element required for the high binding affinity to nonfucosylated antibodies, as previously revealed by loss-of-function analyses. Interestingly, beyond our expectation, the Fc gamma RIIIa modified by N-162 alone showed a significantly higher binding affinity to nonfucosylated IgG1 than did the wild-type Fc gamma RIIIa. Attachment of the other four oligosaccharides, especially the Fc gamma RIIIa oligosaccharide at Asn-45 (N-45), hindered the high binding affinity of Fc gamma RIIIa to nonfucosylated IgG1. Our data clearly demonstrated that N-45 is an inhibitory element for the high Fc gamma RIIIa binding affinity mediated by N-162 to nonfucosylated antibodies. This information can be exploited for the structural-based functional study of Fc gamma RIIIa.
Mutations in six nephrosis genes delineate a pathogenic pathway amenable to treatment (2018)

No efficient treatment exists for nephrotic syndrome (NS), a frequent cause of chronic kidney disease. Here we show mutations in six different genes (MAGI2, TNS2, DLC1, CDK20, ITSN1, ITSN2) as causing NS in 17 families with partially treatment-sensitive NS (pTSNS). These proteins interact and we delineate their roles in Rho-like small GTPase (RLSG) activity, and demonstrate deficiency for mutants of pTSNS patients. We find that CDK20 regulates DLC1. Knockdown of MAGI2, DLC1, or CDK20 in cultured podocytes reduces migration rate. Treatment with dexamethasone abolishes RhoA activation by knockdown of DLC1 or CDK20 indicating that steroid treatment in patients with pTSNS and mutations in these genes is mediated by this RLSG module. Furthermore, we discover ITSN1 and ITSN2 as podocytic guanine nucleotide exchange factors for Cdc42. We generate Itsn2-L knockout mice that recapitulate the mild NS phenotype. We, thus, define a functional network of RhoA regulation, thereby revealing potential therapeutic targets.