gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prospective Comparison of External Sphincter Prosthesis Placement and External Sphincterotomy in Men with Spinal Cord Injury* (1994)

The effectiveness and complications of the treatment of detrusor-external sphincter dyssynergia (DESD) and voiding pressure > 60 mm H2O using an endoluminal urethral sphincter prosthesis (Urolume) were compared with those of conventional external sphincterotomy in 46 men with spinal cord injury (SCI) (mean age 34 years; range 18-58 years). Twenty-six patients elected the Urolume, and 20 chose sphincterotomy. The age and level and duration of SCI were similar in the two groups. Follow-up ranged from 6 to 20 months. After prosthesis placement, voiding pressure dropped from 88 +/- 29 cm H2O to 38 +/- 22 cm H2O at 6 months (n = 23) and 35 +/- 16 cm H2O at 12 months (n = 18) (P < 0.001). The residual urine volume fell from 180 +/- 145 mL preoperatively to 85 +/- 125 mL at 12 months (P < 0.001), while the maximum cystometric capacity remained constant (P = 0.75). External sphincterotomy achieved similar statistically significant decreases in voiding pressure and residual urine volume, and bladder capacity was maintained. The preoperative and follow-up urodynamic measures were similar in the two groups. Prosthesis placement was associated with a significantly shorter operation (P = 0.001) and length of hospitalization (P = 0.01), a lower hospitalization cost (P = 0.01), and less bleeding (change in hemoglobin concentration) (P = 0.01) than external sphincterotomy. The complications of stent insertion were device migration (n = 4) and secondary bladder neck obstruction (n = 2). One patient with continuing reflux required bilateral ureteral implantation. The complications of sphincterotomy were bleeding necessitating transfusion (n = 2), recurrent obstruction (n = 2), and erectile dysfunction (n = 1). The sphincter prosthesis is as effective as sphincterotomy in the treatment of DESD, while being technically easier, less morbid, and less expensive.
The structure of the low temperature (20 K) form of zeolite ZSM-11 derived from 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy, lattice energy minimization and Rietveld refinement (1996)

Abstract The crystal structure of the low temperature form of ZSM-11 (structure code MEL) was refined from high resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data, recorded at 20 K. Based on the results of 2D 29 Si NMR investigations a model was obtained by energy minimization the Rietveld refinement of which converged in space group I [unk] (No. 82) [ a = 20.019(2) Å; c = 13.380(1) Å] to R I , = 0.143 and R wp = 0.126. Comparison of the theoretically predicted and experimentally determined structures against results from NMR experiments using the average T–T distance relationship between the structural parameters and the isotropic 29 Si chemical shifts did not show any correlation with the results of the structure refinement. However, with the values obtained from the energy-minimized structure model a good correlation between the structural parameters and the chemicals shifts of Si was obtained for one of the two possible assignments of the NMR chemical shifts to Si-sites. The fit of the energy minimized model to the experimental data set gave R I , = 0.179 and R wp = 0.157. Since the NMR experiment gives direct information about the local ordering and structural state of the material this demonstrates the potential of the modeling experiment and also reveals the limits in accuracy and precision of the Rietveld structure refinement.
Regulation of Alcohol and Acetaldehyde Metabolism by a Mixture of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium Species in Human (2021)

Excessive alcohol consumption is one of the significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alcohol is oxidized to toxic and carcinogenic acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and further oxidized to a non-toxic acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Emerging evidence shows that Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species encode alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) mediate alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism, respectively. This study involves supplementation of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium probiotic mixture in humans and assessed their effects on alcohol and acetaldehyde metabolism. Here, twenty-seven wild types (ALDH2*1/*1) and the same number ofheterozygotes (ALDH2*2/*1) were recruited for the study. The enrolled participants were randomly divided into either the probiotic (Duolac ProAP4) or the placebo group. Each group received a probiotic or placebo capsule for 15 days with subsequent crossover. Primary outcomes were measurement of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the blood after the alcohol intake. Blood levels of alcohol and acetaldehyde in the ALDH2 heterozygote group were significantly downregulated in the probiotic-supplemented group with no changes in hangover score symptoms than the placebo group. No clinically significant changes were observed in safety parameters. These results suggest that probiotic has a potential to downregulate the alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations, and their effects depend on the presence or absence of polymorphism on the ALDH2 gene.
Time- and Frequency-Varying <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="TeX">$K$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-Factor of Non-Stationary Vehicular Channels for Safety-Relevant Scenarios (2014)

Vehicular communication channels are characterized by a non-stationary time- and frequency-selective fading process due to fast changes in the environment. We characterize the distribution of the envelope of the first delay bin in vehicle-to-vehicle channels by means of its Rician <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> -factor. We analyze the time–frequency variability of this channel parameter using vehicular channel measurements at 5.6 GHz with a bandwidth of 240 MHz for safety-relevant scenarios in intelligent transportation systems (ITS) . This data enables a frequency-variability analysis from an IEEE 802.11p system point of view, which uses 10 MHz channels. We show that the small-scale fading of the envelope of the first delay bin is Rician distributed with a varying <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> -factor. The later delay bins are Rayleigh distributed. We demonstrate that the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> -factor cannot be assumed to be constant in time and frequency. The causes of these variations are the frequency-varying antenna radiation patterns, as well as the time-varying number of active scatterers, and the effects of vegetation. We also present a simple but accurate bimodal Gaussian mixture model, which allows to capture the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="TeX">$K$</tex-math></inline-formula> -factor variability in time for safety-relevant ITS scenarios.
Advanced power amplifier technologies for multistandard and broadband wireless communications (2014)

To accommodate multistandard and broadband wireless communications, advanced power amplifier (PA) design and digital predistortion (DPD) methods are investigated in this paper. For efficiency enhancement in dual-band PAs, an intermodulation tuning (IM-Tuning) technique is introduced and employed to dual-band concurrent Doherty PA design. To reduce the complexity of conventional 2D-DPD behavioral model, a 2D modified memory polynomial (2D-MMP) and an adaptive pruinng method are demonstrated. Finally, a robust DPD behavioral model with a low sampling rate is also proposed for broadband applications.
Use of multisensor fusion technology to meet the challenges of emerging EO and RF threats to a combat aircraft (2003)

The pilot on-board a combat aircraft encounters during any mission a dynamically varying threat environment of diverse EO and RF threats. Different sensors are carried on-board the aircraft to combat these threats. However, these sensors have their own limitations and no single sensor is able to perform in all kinds of situations. In addition, the technological advances in the threat scenario - in terms of higher speeds, small signatures and multimode guidance - and increased complex threats in the battlefield leading to generation of large amount of data input to the pilot make his decision making task very difficult due to increased workload. These challenges can be efficiently handled by deployment of a system on-board the aircraft with a comprehensive goal of autonomous target detection and tracking, situation and threat assessment and decision making based on multi-sensor data fusion techniques. In this paper, major emerging EO and RF threats for a combat aircraft and some important EO and RF sensors on-board the aircraft have been discussed. A design approach for the development of a multi-sensor data fusion system for a combat aircraft to provide better threat assessment than that provided by any single stand alone sensor has also been presented.
S0705 Evaluation of Symptom Improvement During Induction in Patients With Crohn's Disease Treated With Mirikizumab (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Mirikizumab (miri), a humanized, IgG4 monoclonal antibody that targets IL23, has shown efficacy and safety in patients treated for Crohn's disease (CD), psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis. In a phase 2, randomised, parallel-arm, placebo-controlled study, symptom improvement was evaluated in patients with moderately-to-severely active CD after intravenous induction treatment with miri (NCT02891226). METHODS: Entry criteria for enrollment included an average daily stool frequency (SF; ≥ 4) and/or the average daily occurrence of abdominal pain (AP; ≥ 2) from the Crohn's Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and a Simple Endoscopic Score for CD ≥ 7 in patients with ileal-colonic or ≥ 4 in patients with isolated ileal disease. Patients were randomised 2:1:1:2 to receive intravenous miri (200 mg, 600 mg, or 1,000 mg) or placebo at weeks 0, 4, and 8. Endpoints in this analysis included changes from baseline in CDAI, SF, and AP at weeks 4, 8, and 12. A mixed effects model for repeated measures analysis was conducted to compare mean changes from baseline across treatment groups for the all-patient cohort and for the biologic-experienced sub-group. Factors in the analysis included treatment, geographic region, baseline score, prior biologic CD therapy (all-patient cohort), visit, and treatment by visit interaction as fixed effects. An unstructured variance covariance was used. RESULTS: A total of 191 patients were randomised at baseline, which included biologic naïve (n = 71) and biologic-experienced patients (n = 120). Changes in CDAI, SF, AP at weeks 4, 8 and 12 compared to baseline are shown in the Table. In the all-patient cohort, statistically significant improvement in CDAI was observed with miri 600 mg and in SF with miri 200 mg compared to placebo as early as week 4 (Table). Improvement in CDAI and SF occurred with all miri doses (200 mg, 600 mg, 1,000 mg) at weeks 8 and 12 and in AP at weeks 8 and 12 with all miri doses. Compared to placebo, the subgroup of biologic-experienced patients showed statistically significant improvement in CDAI at week 4 (miri 600 mg) and at weeks 8 and 12 with all three doses. Further, significant improvement was observed in SF at week 12 (miri 600 mg and miri 1,000 mg) and in AP at week 8 (miri 600 mg) and week 12 (miri 600 mg and miri 1,000 mg). CONCLUSION: Treatment with miri induced early improvement in clinical symptoms and disease activity in patients with moderately-to-severely active CD.Table 1: Treatment Effect of Mirikizumab vs Placebo in Reducing Crohn's Disease Activity Index, Stool Frequency, and Abdominal Pain Over Time
Demonstration of Dynamic Distributed Orchestration of Node-RED IoT Workflows Using a Vector Symbolic Architecture (2019)

Traditional service-based applications, in fixed networks, are typically constructed and managed centrally and assume stable service endpoints and adequate network connectivity. Constructing and maintaining such applications in dynamic heterogeneous wireless networked environments, where limited bandwidth and transient connectivity are commonplace, presents significant challenges and makes centralized application construction and management impossible. In this demonstration we present an architecture which is capable of providing an adaptable and resilient method for on-demand decentralized construction and management of complex time-critical applications in such environments. The approach uses a Vector Symbolic Architecture (VSA) to compactly represent an application as a single semantic vector that encodes the service interfaces, workflow, and the time-critical constraints required. By extending existing services interfaces, with a simple cognitive layer that can interpret and exchange the vectors, we show how the required services can be dynamically discovered and interconnected in a completely decentralized manner. There are a large number of workflow systems designed to work in various scientific domains, including support for the Internet of Things (IoT). One such workflow system is Node-RED, which is designed to bring workflow-based programming to IoT. The main focus of this demonstration is to show how we can migrate Node-RED workflows into a decentralized execution environment, so that such workflows can run on Edge networks.
Polymethylene‐Based Copolymers by Polyhomologation or by Its Combination with Controlled/Living and Living Polymerizations (2014)

Polyhomologation, recently developed by Shea, is a borane-initiated living polymerization of ylides leading to linear polymethylenes (C1 polymerization) with controlled molecular weight, low polydispersity, and well-defined structures. In this Review, the copolyhomologation of different ylides as well as the combination of polyhomologation with controlled/living (nitroxide-mediated, atom transfer radical, reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer) and living (ring opening, anionic) polymerizations is discussed.
Mutant Prevention Concentration as a Measure of Fluoroquinolone Potency against Mycobacteria (2000)

Mutant prevention concentration (MPC) has been proposed as a new measure of antibiotic potency by which the ability to restrict selection of resistant mutants is evaluated. To determine whether MPC provides potency information unavailable from the more customary measurement of the MIC, 18 fluoroquinolones were examined for their ability to block the growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis and to select resistant mutants from wild-type populations. Both MPC and MIC were affected by changes in the moiety at the fluoroquinolone C-8 position and in alkyl groups attached to the C-7 piperazinyl ring. When eight resistant mutants, altered in the gyrase A protein, were tested with fluoroquinolones having either a methoxy or a hydrogen at the C-8 position, the MIC for the most resistant mutant correlated better with the MPC than did the MIC for wild-type cells. For C-8-fluorine derivatives, which were generally less active than the C-8-methoxy compounds but which were more active than C-8-hydrogen derivatives, the MICs for both the mutant and the wild type correlated well with the MPCs. Thus, measurement of the MICs for wild-type cells can reflect the ability of a quinolone to restrict the selection of resistance, but often it does not. With the present series of compounds, the most potent contained a C-8-methoxy and a small group attached to the C-7 ring.
Optimized sample preparation for fecal volatile organic compound analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (2020)

These findings may contribute to standardized analysis of fecal VOC by HS-GC-MS, facilitating future application of fecal VOC in clinical practice.
537 Sensory Evaluation Method with Expanded Scheffe's Paired Comparison (2005)

At present, the design that utilized human sensitivity is demanded. It is necessary for exploiting human sensitivity to measure it. The paired comparison is one of the sensory evaluation methods, especially Scheffe's paired comparison evaluates the human sensitivity and adds a relative score to the samples that have a little differences. However, the conventional Schffe's paired comparison can separate the main effects, differences among individuals, order effects and combination effects. If there will be the other factors that have an effect on the samples' evaluation, the effects will be neglected. The new sensory evaluation method that is proposed in this paper enables to separate main effects, differences among individuals, combination effects, and another effects. In this paper, we propose this new method and apply it to the loud speakers' psycho-acoustic evaluation.
Photochemical Oxidation of NIR Photosensitizers in the Presence of Radical Initiators and Their Prospective Use in Dental Applications (2016)

Abstract Photochemical oxidation of near infrared (NIR) photosensitizers in the presence of diaryl iodonium salts bearing either bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide or hexafluorophosphate was investigated by exposure with NIR LEDs emitting either at 790 nm, 830 nm, 850 nm or 870 nm. Four different cyanines with barbituryl group at the meso position exhibit similar absorption in the NIR. These photosensitizers initiate in combination with diaryliodonium salts radical photopolymerization of dental composites with the focus to cure large thicknesses. Furthermore, the mixture comprising the cyanine and the iodonium salt was used to generate brown color in dental composites on demand. This required to understand the mechanism of dye decomposition in more detail applying exposure kinetics and a coupling of Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) with mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze the photoproducts formed. Data showed cleavage of the polymethine chain at typical positions in case of the oxidized species. These were formed as result of electron transfer between the excited state of the photosensitizer and the iodonium salt. UPLC‐MS experiments additionally indicated a certain sensitivity of the system upon adding of acids and radicals generated by thermal treatment of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN). Thus, treatment of the photoinitiator composition led almost to the same products no matter the system was either exposed with NIR light or treated with acids or radicals generated by thermal decomposition of AIBN. These findings helped to understand the large curing depth of 14 mm upon NIR exposure at 850 nm and the brown color formed.
Thermally-actuated reflection mode asymmetric Fabry–Perot modulator utilizing a thin transparent elastomeric film (1998)

This letter describes a thermally-actuated reflection mode asymmetric Fabry–Perot modulator that consists of a thin transparent elastomeric film bounded by partially and highly reflecting metallic mirrors. The thickness of the transparent layer determines the intensity of light reflected from the modulator; changes in its thickness modulate the reflectivity. Electrical current flowing through the highly reflecting mirror provides a source of heat for controlling, by thermal expansion, the thickness of the elastomeric film. Modulators with this design show contrast ratios &amp;gt;15 dB and insertion losses &amp;lt;0.3 dB.
Extracorporeal irradiation of tumorous calvaria: a case series (2014)

OBJECT When intracranial tumors invade the overlying skull, gross resection typically includes removal of the involved bone. Methods used to repair the resulting structural defect in the cranium include artificial prostheses, allogeneic bone grafts, and autoclaving the autologous graft. The authors have previously reported a case involving high-dose extracorporeal ionizing radiation to treat the tumorous calvaria intraoperatively, followed by reimplantation of the treated bone flap. In this paper the authors report the long-term follow-up of that case, as well as results of using extracorporeal irradiation of tumorous calvaria (EITC) for an additional 20 patients treated similarly. METHODS The decision to undergo EITC was typically anticipated preoperatively, but determined intraoperatively, if upon inspection the bone flap was invaded by tumor. The bone flap was then delivered to the radiation oncology department, where a total dose of 120 Gy was delivered, using a clinical linear accelerator, over a period of approximately 15 minutes. After the intracranial tumor resection was completed, the irradiated craniotomy bone flap was reimplanted and the wound was closed in a standard fashion. A retrospective review of patients who had undergone EITC was performed for evidence of calvarial tumor recurrence or other complications. RESULTS Since the originally reported case, 20 additional patients have received EITC during craniotomy for invasive tumors. Eighteen (86%) of 21 patients were diagnosed with meningioma: 12 (67%) with WHO Grade I, 5 (28%) with WHO Grade II, and 1 with WHO Grade III (6%). The remaining 3 patients presented with dural-based B-cell lymphoma with extensive adjacent bone invasion (n = 2) and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the lung (n = 1). Follow-up of the 21 patients ranged from 1 to 132 months, with a mean of 41 months and a median of 23 months. No patients have experienced tumor recurrence, infection associated with the treated calvaria, or evidence of bone flap resorption. CONCLUSIONS Calvaria reconstructions represent an important component in structural and cosmetic outcome following craniectomy for tumorous bone. The authors' long-term experience with EITC has been excellent with no local tumor recurrence or complications. Therefore, EITC represents an excellent and efficient option for cranial reconstruction in such patients.
EFFICIENT NETWORK DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING APPLICATIONS - A Practical Approach (2011)

The deployment of a wireless sensor network is highly dependent on the target environment. Once the characteristics of the desired area are know, the question of network size arises. Factors like transmission power level, cost of network deployment and the coverage area directly affect the size of the network. This paper analyzes the behaviour of a typical multi-hop wireless sensor network operating in an outdoor environment. By considering two separate cases; fixed cost and fixed deployment area, we present best network set-up statistics based on actual received power measurements.
Low-Power Low-Voltage Analog Circuit Design Using Hierarchical Particle Swarm Optimization (2009)

This paper presents application and effectiveness of Hierarchical particle swarm optimization (HPSO) algorithm for automatic sizing of low-power analog circuits. For the purpose of comparison, circuits are also designed using PSO and Genetic Algorithm (GA). CMOS technologies from 0.35 mum down to 0.13 mum are used. PVT (process, voltage, temperature) variations are considered during the design of circuits. We show that HPSO algorithm converges to a better solution, compared to PSO and GA. For CMOS Miller OTA, even performance of the circuit designed by HPSO algorithm is better than the performance of recently reported manually designed circuit. For the first time, design of this OTA, in 0.4 V supply voltage, is also presented. For this new design, HPSO algorithm has taken 23.5 minutes of CPU time on a Sun system with 1.2 GHz processor and 8 GB RAM.
Appendectomy is more frequent but not a risk factor in Crohn's disease while being protective in ulcerative colitis: a comparison of surgical procedures in inflammatory bowel disease (2001)

Appendectomy is protective in UC; it is more frequent, but not a risk factor in CD. The role of cholecystectomy should be investigated further.