gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Cellular Technologies for High Data Rate WAIC Applications (2019)

Wireless Avionics Intra-Communications (WAIC) is an emerging standard to migrate regulatory and safety-related applications from wired networks to wireless means in next generation aircraft. Removing most of the cables from the fuselage will benefit to the overall efficiency of aircraft. On the other hand, it is a difficult task to achieve the Quality of Service (QoS) performance of wired networks by wireless technologies. Also, the Radio Altimeter (RA) interference in the same spectrum is another obstacle to overcome. Current Long Term Evolution (LTE) and emerging Fifth Generation (5G) technologies advertise promising specifications that can meet the requirements of WAIC networks. Therefore, the goal of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of supporting high data rate WAIC applications with LTE/5G by means of analytical and experimental studies. Measurements conducted in unoccupied mockup cabin and outside environment show that at least one cellular technology can meet the requirements of high data rate WAIC classes in the absence of RA interference. In coupling scenarios, robustness strategies should be considered to improve the network resilience. Finally, a network architecture based on the experimental results is presented to show an example usage scenario of a high data rate WAIC network.
Direct Observation of Shear-Induced Structures in Wormlike Micellar Solutions by Freeze-Fracture Electron Microscopy (1998)

We report the first direct observation of shear-induced structures in low concentration wormlike micellar solutions. The structures consist of micron-sized patches which are much larger than individual equilibrium micelles and occupy 5%--10% of the fracture area. Such morphologies are consistent with recent reports of increased light scattering under shear flow. The structures have a stippled or spongelike texture and contain more surfactant than the background micellar solution. These patches form aggregates spanning hundreds of microns and are consistent with the shear thickening observed in these systems.
The Origins of Periselectivity and Substituent Effects in Electrocyclizations ofo-Nitrosostyrenes: A Computational Study (2005)

Density functional theory has been used to study four pericyclic, or pseudopericyclic, reactions that may be involved in the reductive transformation of o-nitrostyrenes to indoles. These are two electrocyclizations and two 1,5-hydride shifts. The reactions of substituted examples show computed relative barrier heights in agreement with experimental observations.
<title>Parallel distributed free-space optoelectronic computer engine using flat plug-on-top optics package</title> (2000)

We report about ongoing work on a free-space optical interconnect system, which will demonstrate a Fast Fourier Transformation calculation, distributed among six processor chips. Logically, the processors are arranged in two linear chains, where each element communicates optically with its nearest neighbors. Physically, the setup consists of a large motherboard, several multi-chip carrier modules, which hold the processor/driver chips and the optoelectronic chips (arrays of lasers and detectors), and several plug-on-top optics modules, which provide the optical links between the chip carrier modules. The system design tries to satisfy numerous constraints, such as compact size, potential for mass-production, suitability for large arrays (up to 1024 parallel channels), compatibility with standard electronics fabrication and packaging technology, potential for active misalignment compensation by integration MEMS technology, and suitability for testing different imaging topologies. We present the system architecture together with details of key components and modules, and report on first experiences with prototype modules of the setup.
Prochymosin expression inBacillus subtilis (1991)

Prochymosin (PC) sequence was cloned in Bacillus subtilis using two kinds of plasmid constructions. In plasmid pSM316 the cDNA was inserted to obtain the intracellular expression of the enzyme. The enzyme turned out to be expressed in an in an insoluble form which could be converted to native enzyme under proper denaturing and refolding conditions. The levels of intracellular expression of PC were further enhanced by modifying the 5′ region of the gene in a way that a two-cistron expression system was created. For the PC secretion, the cDNA was fused to the subtilisin leader sequence and expressed under the control of the B. subtilis neutral protease promoter. A properly folded PC was secreted by the cells, although to low levels.
Single Crystal Electron Crystallography on Organic Molecules (2002)

Many compounds crystallize not only in small crystals non-suitable for single crystal x-ray structure analysis, they also exist in different modifications. The structures of these materials can be accessed by single crystal electron diffraction and x-ray powder measurements.
Expanding the chemical diversity of M13 bacteriophage (2022)

Bacteriophage M13 virions are very stable nanoparticles that can be modified by chemical and genetic methods. The capsid proteins can be functionalized in a variety of chemical reactions without loss of particle integrity. In addition, Genetic Code Expansion (GCE) permits the introduction of non-canonical amino acids (ncAAs) into displayed peptides and proteins. The incorporation of ncAAs into phage libraries has led to the discovery of high-affinity binders with low nanomolar dissociation constant (<i>K</i> <sub>D</sub>) values that can potentially serve as inhibitors. This article reviews how bioconjugation and the incorporation of ncAAs during translation have expanded the chemistry of peptides and proteins displayed by M13 virions for a variety of purposes.
Selective Mapping for channel inversion precoding in multiple-antenna broadcast systems (2009)

In this paper, a new Selective Mapping (SLM) technique is introduced for a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) broadcast (or MIMO point-to-point) system with channel inversion. We present a unified framework which links the problem of minimizing the average transmit energy from the constellation point of view, to the sum-rate maximization problem from the capacity viewpoint. First, we consider the point-to-point setup and derive the average transmit energy that can asymptotically be achieved by the proposed SLM technique. It is established that SLM achieves the minimum theoretical average transmit energy achievable by constellation shaping. Then, using the same idea, the average transmit energy in a broadcast system is derived and the relation between this value and the transmission rate is established. Finally, it is shown that the proposed SLM method can achieve the sum-capacity of the MIMO broadcast (or capacity of a MIMO point-to-point) channel at high SNR values.
Rotational temperatures in nonequilibrium free jet expansion of nitrogen (1980)

Rotational nonequilibrium was investigated in hypersonic free jet expansions of nitrogen using the electron beam fluorescence technique. The results confirm the conclusion of previous investigations that a dipole excitation model, with an assumed Boltzmann energy distribution, is not consistent with the measured line intensities. This discrepancy was examined quantitatively and found to be independent of density and source Knudsen number (except at number densities greater than 1016 cm−3). The effect was attributed to interactions with the ejected (ionized) electron and a new excitation model was developed and shown to be consistent with the measurements throughout the flow conditions explored. The resulting rotational temperatures were compared to a simplified relaxation model of the jet and indicate a rotational collision number of 1.9.
Magnitude and Orientation of Zernike Terms in Patients with Keratoconus (2007)

In addition to the larger amount of trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, and secondary astigmatism, keratoconic eyes tend to have a reverse coma pattern and reverse trefoil aberrations compared with normal eyes. Although RGP lenses correct the irregular astigmatism, smaller comet-like retinal images in the opposite direction remain due to residual vertical coma.
Racemic Synthesis of a Key 1,4-Dihydro-2H-spiro[isoquinoline-3,4′-piperidin]-3′-ol Building Block (2022)

The synthesis of a key spiroamine building block for a medicinal chemistry program is described. Key innovations were a regioselective epoxide ring opening and a late-stage Pictet–Spengler reaction that was quickly optimized using Design of Experiments.
Model-Based Estimation of Turbocharger Requirements for Boosting an HCCI Engine (2010)

Turbocharged Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) has been modeled and has demonstrated the potential to extend the engine’s upper load limit. A commercially available engine simulation software (GT-Power®) coupled to the University of Michigan HCCI combustion and heat transfer correlations was used to model a single cylinder boosted HCCI engine including a phenomenological turbocharger model. The scope of this study is to explore the upper load limits of boosted HCCI operation and to identify turbocharger requirements for boosting the HCCI. The results of this study are consistent with the literature: Boosting helps increase the HCCI upper load limit, but matching of turbochargers is a problem. In addition, the low exhaust gas enthalpy resulting from HCCI combustion leads to high pressures in the exhaust manifold and increased pumping work. It is shown that loads as high as 17 bar NMEP can be reached at low engine speeds, when the intake pressure is 3 bar.
Virtual cochlear implantation for personalized rehabilitation of profound hearing loss (2022)

In cochlear implantation, current preoperative planning procedures allow for estimating how far a specific implant will reach into the inner ear of the patient, which is important to optimize hearing preservation and speech perception outcomes. Here we report on the development of a methodology that goes beyond current planning approaches: the proposed model does not only estimate specific outcome parameters but allows for entire, three-dimensional virtual implantations of patient-specific cochlear anatomies with different types of electrode arrays. The model was trained based on imaging datasets of 186 human cochleae, which contained 171 clinical computer tomographies (CTs) of actual cochlear implant patients as well as 15 high-resolution micro-CTs of cadaver cochleae to also reconstruct the refined intracochlear structures not visible in clinical imaging. The model was validated on an independent dataset of 141 preoperative and postoperative clinical CTs of cochlear implant recipients and outperformed all currently available planning approaches, not only in terms of accuracy but also regarding the amount of information that is available prior to the actual implantation.
A Design Method for Single-Polarization Holey Fibers With Improved Beam Quality Factor (2008)

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in developing single polarization fibers for applications such as polarization splitters, polarizers, high power lasers, etc. Usually, the polarization maintenance can be achieved by form birefringence, such as by creating elliptical cores, or material anisotropy, or by stress-applying parts inside the fiber. However, this results into the non-Gaussian field distributions due to the distortion of fiber core, therefore leading to the degradation of beam quality factor <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . In this study, we propose a design method for single-polarization holey fibers with improved beam quality by introducing the resonant coupling phenomenon between the central depressed core and the elliptical cores arranged on either side of the central core. The proposed single-polarization holey fiber with 1-m length has the extinction ratio of 30 dB over 10-nm wavelength range and a good beam quality factor <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> = 1.31.
Transition Metal Sulfides As Conductive Additives for Sulfur Electrode in Li-S Battery (2016)

Lithium-Sulfur (Li-S) battery has been a hot research topic currently due to its potential of combining high energy density and low cost together. In this work, we have investigated various transition metal sulfides (CuS, FeS 2 , TiS 2 , CoS 2 ) as conductive additive to sulfur electrode in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) battery. We found that all metal sulfides additives enhanced the utilization of sulfur cathode at high rate discharge when compared with a sulfur-carbon composite electrode with equivalent sulfur volumetric loading. Systematic study suggests the reason for the enhancement is the activation of the polysulfide to Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S conversion process that constitutes the second plateau in Li-S battery discharge. Besides, the results also indicate that the high electronic conductivity of transition metal sulfides could not fully account for the second plateau activation. Instead, it is found that the interaction between polysulfide and metal sulfides is actually helping the nucleation process of Li 2 S 2 /Li 2 S nucleation and deposition, and the level of this interaction also has profound influence on the cycle life and columbic efficiency of sulfur electrodes with transition metal sulfide additives. The results of this study will help to direct the design of non-carbon based conductive fillers for sulfur electrodes and enable the development of high power Li-S batteries.
Peripheral Deletion of CD8 T Cells Requires p38 MAPK in Cross-Presenting Dendritic Cells (2017)

Peripheral tolerance mechanisms exist to prevent autoimmune destruction by self-reactive T cells that escape thymic deletion. Dominant tolerance imposed by CD4<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> T regulatory cells can actively control autoaggressive T cell responses. Tolerance mechanisms that act endogenous to the T cell also exist. These mechanisms include T cell inactivation (anergy) and deletion. A major difference between anergic T cells and T cells undergoing peripheral deletion is the capacity of the latter to still signal through MAPKs upon TCR stimulation, suggesting these signals may be required for T deletion. In this study, we used several different models of CD8 T cell deletion to investigate the contribution of MAPK activation. Using chemical inhibitors, we established that inhibition of p38, but not ERK or JNK, rescue T cells from undergoing peripheral deletion both in vitro and in vivo. Using T cell-specific murine lines genetically altered in expression of p38α, and mice in which p38α was deleted only in CD11c-expressing cells, we surprisingly found that CD8 T cell-intrinsic p38α activation was not responsible for increased survival, but rather that inhibition of p38α in the Ag-presenting dendritic cells prevented CD8 T cell deletion.
Supplemental Table 2 from A Phase I Study of Oral ARRY-614, a p38 MAPK/Tie2 Dual Inhibitor, in Patients with Low or Intermediate-1 Risk Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 2. Dose escalation PK parameters for ARRY-614&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Hyperspectral imaging sensors using a novel 2D to 1D fiber array</title> (1999)

A new technique is described for simultaneously obtaining chemical images in an imaging sensor with high spectral resolution over a wide spectral range. The technique is demonstrated using a combination CO<SUB>2</SUB>/O<SUB>2</SUB> sensor, in three different sensor configurations. It is shown that it is potentially feasible to measure as many as 300 indicators on the tip of an image guide simultaneously at many different wavelengths.
Binary Linear Locally Repairable Codes (2016)

Locally repairable codes (LRCs) are a class of codes designed for the local correction of erasures. They have received considerable attention in recent years due to their applications in distributed storage. Most existing results on LRCs do not explicitly take into consideration the field size q, i.e., the size of the code alphabet. In particular, for the binary case, only a few results are known. In this paper, we present an upper bound on the minimum distance d of linear LRCs with availability, based on the work of Cadambe and Mazumdar. The bound takes into account the code length n, dimension k, locality r, availability t, and field size q. Then, we study the binary linear LRCs in three aspects. First, we focus on analyzing the locality of some classical codes, i.e., cyclic codes and Reed-Muller codes, and their modified versions, which are obtained by applying the operations of extend, shorten, expurgate, augment, and lengthen. Next, we construct LRCs using phantom parity-check symbols and multi-level tensor product structure, respectively. Compared with other previous constructions of binary LRCs with fixed locality or minimum distance, our construction is much more flexible in terms of code parameters, and gives various families of high-rate LRCs, some of which are shown to be optimal with respect to their minimum distance. Finally, the availability of LRCs is studied. We investigate the locality and availability properties of several classes of one-step majority-logic decodable codes, including cyclic simplex codes, cyclic difference-set codes, and 4-cycle free regular low-density parity-check codes. We also show the construction of a long LRC with availability from a short one-step majority-logic decodable code.
LcrV Mutants That Abolish Yersinia Type III Injectisome Function (2012)

LcrV, the type III needle cap protein of pathogenic Yersinia, has been proposed to function as a tether between YscF, the needle protein, and YopB-YopD to constitute the injectisome, a conduit for the translocation of effector proteins into host cells. Further, insertion of LcrV-capped needles from a calcium-rich environment into host cells may trigger the low-calcium signal for effector translocation. Here, we used a genetic approach to test the hypothesis that the needle cap responds to the low-calcium signal by promoting injectisome assembly. Growth restriction of Yersinia pestis in the absence of calcium (low-calcium response [LCR(+)] phenotype) was exploited to isolate dominant negative lcrV alleles with missense mutations in its amber stop codon (lcrV(*327)). The addition of at least four amino acids or the eight-residue Strep tag to the C terminus was sufficient to generate an LCR(-) phenotype, with variant LcrV capping type III needles that cannot assemble the YopD injectisome component. The C-terminal Strep tag appears buried within the cap structure, blocking effector transport even in Y. pestis yscF variants that are otherwise calcium blind, a constitutive type III secretion phenotype. Thus, LcrV(*327) mutants arrest the needle cap in a state in which it cannot respond to the low-calcium signal with either injectisome assembly or the activation of type III secretion. Insertion of the Strep tag at other positions of LcrV produced variants with wild-type LCR(+), LCR(-), or dominant negative LCR(-) phenotypes, thereby allowing us to identify discrete sites within LcrV as essential for its attributes as a secretion substrate, needle cap, and injectisome assembly factor.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Transcritical Thermoacoustic Prototype (2018)

An experimental rig has been developed to study the thermoacoustic response of a supercritical fluid. A linear topology is employed to study standing waves in a system composed of a heater, a thermoacoustic stack, and a variable-length resonator. A linear analysis has been developed to aid with definition of the facility and a commercial refrigerant has been utilized as the working fluid. As this fluid is a compressed liquid at ambient temperature, a separate pressure regulation system is included whereby a bladder accumulator tank permits one to set rig pressure by adjusting nitrogen pressure on the other side of the bladder. An additively manufactured Inconel stack and a graphitic foam stack have been evaluated over a range of conditions. Acoustic frequencies from these experiments are in agreement with model predictions, but sustained oscillations were not obtained in either stack to date. Current efforts are aimed at improving the model to reflect the presence of the accumulator line with the hope that this will help explain the damped acoustic behavior.
Fourier transform infrared studies of polyimide and poly(methyl-methacrylate) surfaces during downstream microwave plasma etching (1991)

The change in chemical structure of the top surface layer of thin poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) and polyimide (PI) films (200–1500 Å) during downstream microwave NF3/CF4/O2 plasma etching are investigated by in situ Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) reflection–absorption spectroscopy. Plasma fluorination of PI by either NF3 or CF4 leads to significant surface fluorination characterized by the formation of aliphatic fluorine compounds (CFx), acyl fluoride, benzoyl fluoride, acyl hypofluorite, and polyfluorinated benzene. The surface fluorination process is found to be controlled by diffusion in the product layer and the depth of fluorination is estimated from infrared absorbance to be approximately 500 Å. Addition of oxygen leads to a reduction in the fluoride species and the development of broad absorption bands representing oxygenated surface species. The FTIR data are supplemented by ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy observations and mechanisms for the observed modifications of the polymer surfaces are proposed. The effect of humidity on the plasma-modified polymers is studied by comparing infrared spectra collected in situ after controlled exposure to moisture. PI fluorinated in NF3 show no significant changes, whereas a slow but noticeable change in the carbonyl bands is detected for NF3/Ar plasma-fluorinated PMMA. Addition of oxygen to the microwave plasma increases the sensitivity of the modified polymer to moisture. These observations are interpreted in terms of the wettability of the polymer surface.