gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternative approach to improving operating flux of MBR (2018)

Abstract Application of micro-filtration and ultra-filtration membranes for water reclamation has grown significantly in recently years due to lower foot print and stable product water quality. For membrane bioreactor (MBR) application, it is critical to improve the sludge quality to allow membrane systems to operate at higher flux without significant trans-membrane pressure (TMP) increase. It was found that quality of mixed liquor can be enhanced by hydrocyclone to improve the operating flux of MBR. When the membrane system was exposed to a dense particle fraction of the mixed liquor after installation of hydrocyclone, TMP was found to be stable at 16–18 kPa for approximately 8 months while operating at net flux 25 L/m2-hr (LMH). Then, TMP gradually increased to 21 kPa in the next 6 months and sharply increased to 35 kPa toward the end of this investigation. It means TMP was relatively stable without any need of recovery cleaning for over one year of operation. The improvement of MBR performance by introducing a hydrocyclone could be due to removal of unwanted mixed liquor as overflow. The dense component of the mixed liquor as overflow of hydrocyclone should be retained in the MBR system.
PROGRESS WITH PEDIAFLOW MAGLEV PUMP FOR INFANTS AND SMALL CHILDREN: FORM TO FUNCTION (2005)

Engineering analysis towards the development of a miniature circulatory assist pump has lead to a 2nd generation design, hybridizing features from HeartQuest™ and Streamliner™ maglev VAD systems. The current embodiment, the PediaFlow™, arises from a rigorous analysis of engineering objectives, coupled with numerical optimization of hemodynamics, electromagnetics, and heat transfer. A multidisciplinary strategy was used to balance key criteria related to (1) anatomic compatibility, (2) performance, (3) biocompatibility, (4) suspension robustness, and (5) manufacturability. The current specifications are 38 mm length, 21 mm diameter, 48 gram weight, 0.73 cc priming volume, nominal flow point of 0.5 lpm against 100 mmHg, and shock load rejection of 6g. External temperature rise, constrained to 2° C, proved to be critical determent of size of the assembly. Ongoing efforts of our combined university-industry consortium addresses challenges of biocompatibility, cannulation, control, and human factors design. In vivo tests on lambs are scheduled for Q3–2005.
Molecular basis for the lack of T cell proliferation induced by an altered peptide ligand (1998)

In this report, we explore the mechanisms underlying cell cycle progression in T cells stimulated with an altered peptide ligand (APL) versus wild-type peptide. APL stimulation did not induce proliferation compared to wild-type peptide stimulation. To determine the point at which cell cycle progression is blocked, we have examined molecules responsible for regulating the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product, pRb, which in its active state prevents G1/S progression. The majority of cells stimulated with an APL did not progress beyond G1; however, a small population did make the G1/S transition. These few cells passed the late G1 restriction point, divided and subsequently arrested at the next G1 phase. The lack of sustained signaling events following stimulation with an APL failed to induce cyclin E:cdk2 activity, a regulator which hyper-phosphorylates and inactivates pRb. Exogenous IL-2 addition did not compensate for the lack of proliferation following APL stimulation. Furthermore, the inability of the cells to enter S phase during partial T cell activation cannot be accounted for by p27Kip1 inhibition of cyclin E:cdk2 complexes. Upon APL stimulation, an increase in association of p27Kip1 with cyclin E:cdk2 complex was not observed, suggesting that instead, decreased cyclin E:cdk complex formation might contribute to the failure to progress from G1/S. Therefore, while for a majority of cells, wild-type stimulation results in cell cycle progression, APL stimulation is not sufficient to drive cells beyond G1.
15N-, 13C- and 1H-NMR Spectroscopy Characterization and Growth Inhibitory Potency of a Combi-Molecule Synthesized by Acetylation of an Unstable Monoalkyltriazene (2017)

6-(3-Methyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-1<i>H</i>-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2<i>H</i>)-dione referred to as EG22 (<b>8a</b>), is an open-chain 3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazene termed "combi-molecule" designed to inhibit poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) and damage DNA. To delay its hydrolysis, acetylation of N3 was required. Being a monoalkyl-1,2,3-triazene, EG22 could assume two tautomers in solution or lose nitrogen during the reaction, thereby leading to several acetylated compounds. Instead, one compound was observed and to unequivocally assign its structure, we introduced isotopically labeled reagents in its preparation, with the purpose of incorporating <sup>15</sup>N at N2 and <sup>13</sup>C in the 3-methyl group. The results showed that the 1,2,3-triazene moiety remained intact, as confirmed by <sup>15</sup>N-NMR, coupling patterns between the <sup>15</sup>N-labeled N2 and the <sup>13</sup>C-labeled methyl group. Furthermore, we undertook heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) and heteronuclear multiple bond correlation (HMBC) experiments that permitted the detection and assignment of all four nitrogens in 6-(3-acetyl-3-methyltriaz-1-en-1-yl)-1<i>H</i>-benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3(2<i>H</i>)-dione, referred to as ZSM02 (<b>9a</b>), whose structure was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography. The structure showed a remarkable coplanarity between the N-acetyltriazene and the naphtalimide moiety. Thus, we unequivocally assigned <b>9a</b> as the product of the reaction and compared its growth inhibitory activity with that of its precursor, EG22. ZSM02 exhibited identical growth inhibitory profile as EG22, suggesting that it may be a prodrug of EG22.
Symmetry-Breaking-Induced Frequency Combs in Graphene Resonators (2022)

Nonlinearities are inherent to the dynamics of two-dimensional materials. Phenomena-like intermodal coupling already arise at amplitudes of only a few nanometers, and a range of unexplored effects still awaits to be harnessed. Here, we demonstrate a route for generating mechanical frequency combs in graphene resonators undergoing symmetry-breaking forces. We use electrostatic force to break the membrane's out-of-plane symmetry and tune its resonance frequency toward a one-to-two internal resonance, thus achieving strong coupling between two of its mechanical modes. When increasing the drive level, we observe splitting of the fundamental resonance peak, followed by the emergence of a frequency comb regime. We attribute the observed physics to a nonsymmetric restoring potential and show that the frequency comb regime is mediated by Neimark bifurcation of the periodic solution. These results demonstrate that mechanical frequency combs and chaotic dynamics in 2D material resonators can emerge near internal resonances due to symmetry-breaking.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the laccase fromCoprinus cinereus (1997)

The laccase from the fungus Coprinus cinereus has been prepared and crystallized in a form suitable for X-ray diffraction analysis. Small plate-like crystals of an enzymatically deglycosylated form of the enzyme have been grown by the hanging-drop method using polyethylene glycol as precipitant. These crystals diffract to at least 2.2 A. They belong to the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell dimensions a = 45.4, b = 85.7, c = 143.1 A with a single molecule of laccase in the asymmetric unit.
Linearity Characteristics of Field-Plated AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors for Microwave Applications (2010)

A field-plated (FP) AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) was fabricated. Investigations on the linearity characteristics were performed through two-tone and wide band code division multiple access (WCDMA) modulated excitations. The FP-HEMT exhibited an improved breakdown voltage of 160 V compared with that of the conventional HEMT. Additionally, a higher output power of 25.4 dBm with 43% power added efficiency at a 30 V drain bias at 2 GHz was achieved. When biased at 30 V and 15 mA/mm current density, the third-order intermodulation (IM3) level was measured to be -27.1 dBc (at P1dB) and the adjacent channel power rejection (ACPR) was -33.8 dBc (at P1dB) under WCDMA modulation at 2 GHz. Measurement results revealed that the field-plated structure improved the linearity performance over the conventional structure at high output power levels even beyond P1dB.
Central fabrication (2011)

The results provide insight into the severity and nature of carving error by central fabrication facilities. Because we found a wide range of model quality, there is not a consistent fabrication problem across the industry, but instead some central fabrication facilities practice the art of model fabrication better than others.
Development of Advanced Alloys using Fullerenes (1994)

Development of advanced alloys using fullerenes is currently underway to produce materials for use in the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU). These materials will be directed toward commercial usages as they are continually developed. Fullerenes (of which the most common is C(sub 60)) are lightweight, nanometer size, hollow molecules of carbon which can be dispersed in conventional alloy systems to enhance strength and reduce weight. In this research, fullerene interaction with aluminum is investigated and a fullerene-reinforced aluminum alloy is being developed for possible use on the EMU. The samples were manufactured using standard commercial approaches including powder metallurgy and casting. Alloys have been processed having 1.3, 4.0 and 8.0 volume fractions of fullerenes. It has been observed that fullerene dispersion is related to the processing approach and that they are stable for the processing conditions used in this research. Emphasis will be given to differential thermal analysis and wavelength dispersive analysis of the processed alloys. These two techniques are particularly useful in determining the condition of the fullerenes during and after processing. Some discussion will be given as to electrical properties of fullerene-reinforced materials. Although the aluminum and other advanced alloys with fullerenes are being developed for NASA and the EMU, the properties of these materials will be of interest for commercial applications where specific Dual-Use will be given.
Protein S-Nitrosylation in Neuronal Development (2021)

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) such as nitric oxide (NO) act as signaling molecules that mediate both physiological and pathological processes. Recent evidence in biological systems has shown the ubiquitous nature of a redox-mediated post-translational modification of specific cysteine thiols (or more properly, thiolate anion S-) by NO, most likely in the form of a nitrosonium cation intermediate (NO+). This nitrosation reaction is now termed protein S-nitrosylation and represents a key mechanism for the biological actions of NO. Like other post-translational modifications, S-nitrosylation can affect ion channel activity, enzymatic function, protein conformation, protein-protein interactions, and protein trafficking and localization. In the nervous system, S-nitrosylation was first discovered on the NMDA type of glutamate receptor (NMDAR) and occurs on many proteins affecting neuronal survival, synaptic function, neurogenesis, and other aspects of neuronal development. This chapter provides an overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which RNS regulate neuronal differentiation via S-nitrosylation of proteins such as histone deacetylation enzyme HDAC2 and transcription factor MEF2. Dysregulation of the S-nitrosylation signaling network can impair normal brain development/neurogenesis as well as adult neurogenesis, contributing to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions. Further investigation into the mechanism of S-nitrosylation-regulated neuronal differentiation should elucidate pathogenic features of these disorders.
Abstract 2056: Blockade of PDGF Receptor Tyrosine Kinase by Ex Vivo Nano-DDS of Imatinib Mesylate into the Vein Suppresses Vein Graft Neointima Formation (2007)

Background: Clinical outcome of surgical revascularization using autologous vein graft is limited by vein graft failure due to neointima formation. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), expressed by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), plays a central role in the pathogenesis of vein graft failure. Therefore, optimal nanotechnology-based drug delivery system (Nano-DDS) of PDGF receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitor, imatinib mesylate (STI571), can be an innovative therapeutic strategy for clinical application. We have developed such Nano-DDS using bioabsorbable PLGA nanoparticles (NP) for local ex vivo delivery. Hypothesis: Blockade of PDGF receptor TK by Nano-DDS of imatinib suppresses vein graft neointima formation. Methods and Results: [studies in human VSMCs in vitro] Addition of fluorescence (FITC)-encapsulated NP resulted in rapid and stable uptake by 99 % of cells. The Nano-DDS of imatinib prevented PDGF-induced phosphorylation of PDGF receptor TK, and thus normalized the PDGF-induced proliferation. [ ex vivo studies] Incubation of excised rabbit jugular vein and human saphenous vein ex vivo in FITC-encapsulated NP for 30 min resulted in highly efficient intracellular delivery rate (&gt; 90 % cells) into cells of the venous wall. [ in vivo studies in rabbits] The excised jugular vein was treated ex vivo with PBS, imatinib only (100 mM), FITC NP only, or imatinib NP (100 mM) (n=5– 6, each) for 30 min, and then interposed into the carotid artery position of hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Seven and 28 days after ex vivo FITC NP treatment, FITC-positive cells were detected in many cells in the neointima and media (cellular uptake rate: 60 –70 %). Significant neointima was formed 28 days after grafting in PBS group, which was suppressed in imatinib NP group, but not in FITC NP only or imatinib only groups. Imatinib NP also inhibited the appearance of proliferating PCNA-positive cells and increased phosphorylation of PDGF receptor TK, but did not affect monocyte infiltration or endothelial regeneration process. Conclusions: Nano-DDS of imatinib into the excised vein ex vivo was feasible and suppressed vein graft neointima formation in rabbits. Nano-DDS of imatinib may be a clinically promising therapeutic strategy for prevention of vein graft failure.
Tubulin and microtubule are potential targets for brain hexokinase binding (2001)

The metabolite‐modulated association of a fraction of hexokinase to mitochondria in brain is well documented, however, the involvement of other non‐mitochondrial components in the binding of the hexokinase is controversial. Now we present evidence that the hexokinase binds both tubulin and microtubules in brain in vitro systems. The interaction of tubulin with purified bovine brain hexokinase was characterized by displacement enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using specific anti‐brain hexokinase serum (IC 50 =4.0±1.4 μM). This value virtually was not affected by specific ligands such as ATP or glucose 6‐phosphate. Microtubule‐bound hexokinase obtained in reconstituted systems using microtubule and purified hexokinase or brain extract was visualized by transmission and immunoelectron microscopy on the surface of tubules. The association of purified bovine brain hexokinase with either tubulin or microtubules caused about 30% increase in the activity of the enzyme. This activation was also observed in brain, but not in muscle cell‐free extract. The possible physiological relevance of the multiple heteroassociation of brain hexokinase is discussed.
Multiple T and B cell epitopes in the S1 subunit ("A"-monomer) of the pertussis toxin molecule. (1989)

The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of Bordetella pertussis vaccine are mediated in part by the S1 subunit of pertussis toxin (PT). To identify the immune epitopes in the S1 subunit of PT, synthetic peptides were prepared and tested for their capacity to induce antibodies in mice with different MHC genotypes. In BALB/c mice, peptides corresponding to sequences 1-17, 70-82 and 189-199 generate T cell proliferative responses, induce the production of antibodies capable of neutralization of the toxin in the Chinese hamster ovary-cell assay, and protect mice from a shock-like syndrome caused by alternate injections of BSA and PT. Protection and neutralization correlated with the ability of these peptides to elicit high anti-PT titers. Different B cell epitopes were detected in other inbred mouse strains. The antibody reactivity against synthetic peptides from two infants vaccinated with pertussis vaccine was tested. These infants had antibodies reactive to a variety of epitopes in the S1 subunit, including peptides 1-17, 70-82, 99-112, 135-145, and 189-199. Thus, it appears that there are multiple T and B cell epitopes in the S1 subunit of PT.
Abstract 13567: Impact of Mavacamten on Artificial Intelligence Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in the EXPLORER-HCM Trial (2022)

Introduction: Deep-learning artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms can identify hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) from the electrocardiogram (ECG). Preliminary data indicate that AI-ECG may also track treatment response in HCM patients (pts) receiving mavacamten (Mava). In this placebo-controlled analysis, we investigated the performance of AI-ECG in HCM detection and its changes during Mava treatment compared to placebo in the phase 3, EXPLORER-HCM trial. Methods: Pts with non-paced ECGs enrolled in EXPLORER-HCM, evaluating Mava over 30 weeks of treatment, were included. All pts had a 12-lead ECG pre-treatment, at each study visit, and 8 weeks after treatment end. Two independently developed AI-ECG convolutional neural network algorithms from the Mayo Clinic and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) were applied to all ECGs suitable for analysis. Serial AI-ECG-predicted scores, which correlate with HCM likelihood (range 0-1), were examined between Mava and placebo groups. Results: A total of 101 Mava and 110 placebo pts were included (mean age 58.6, female 40%). At baseline, the mean Mayo and UCSF AI-ECG scores for HCM were 0.82 and 0.65, with 94% and 88% of pts exceeding the respective diagnostic thresholds of 0.11 (Mayo) and 0.4 (UCSF). During 30 weeks of follow-up in the Mava group, the algorithms showed a mean AI-ECG score reduction of 0.32 (Mayo) and 0.17 (UCSF) in all pts between start and end of treatment. In comparison, AI-ECG scores decreased by 0.05 (Mayo) and increased by 0.02 (UCSF) in the placebo group (Mava vs placebo, t-test p-values &lt;0.001 for both algorithms; Figure ) Conclusion: In the EXPLORER-HCM trial population, two independent deep-learning AI-ECG algorithms correctly identified most HCM pts and demonstrated significant reductions in predicted HCM scores after treatment with Mava when compared to placebo. This relative normalization of the ECG suggests disease-modifying properties of Mava, deserving further investigation.
Chiral synthons for the total synthesis of macrolide antibiotics (1980)

All the methyl 2,4-dideoxy-2,4-di-C-methyl-6-O-dimethyl-t-butylsilyl-α-D-hexopyranosides, chiral intermediates in the total synthesis of many biologically important natural products have been prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed ortho‐Metalation of N,N‐Diethyl Benzamides. Methodology and Regiospecific Synthesis of Useful Contiguously Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Oxygenated Aromatics, Phthalides and Phthalic Anhydrides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 4748: Discovery of JNJ-42756493, a potent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor using a fragment based approach (2014)

Abstract Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors (FGFR1 through 4) regulate a variety of key cellular processes, including proliferation, migration, survival, and differentiationa. Aberrant activation of FGF/FGFR is strongly implicated in oncogenic signalling in many tumor types. This has stimulated the development of a number of FGFR inhibitors, with diverse kinase inhibition and pharmacological profiles that are currently being evaluated in clinical studies. We conducted a fragment screening campaign and this resulted in identification of a 6-aminoquinoxalinyl fragment with a binding affinity in the micromolar range. Structure-guided medicinal chemistry led to the identification of a novel quinoxaline-based chemical series with nanomolar affinity for FGFR1, 2, 3, and 4, activity in cells, and selectivity with respect to VEGFR-2. Further optimisation resulted in the generation of JNJ-42756493, a compound with favourable drug-like properties that demonstrated strong anti-tumoral activity in a FGFR2-dependent SNU-16 human gastric carcinoma xenograft model. This report represents the first disclosure of the structure-activity relationships as well as the chemical synthesis pathway of the JNJ-42756493 series and illustrates how a fragment-based drug discovery approach has been efficiently used to discover FGFR1-4 inhibitors with nanomolar affinity. aTurner, N. and Grose, R. Nat. Rev. Cancer, 2010, 10, 116-129. Citation Format: Patrick R. Angibaud, Laurence Mevellec, Gordon Saxty, Christophe Adelinet, Rhalid Akkari, Valerio Berdini, Pascal Bonnet, Marine Bourgeois, Xavier Bourdrez, Anne Cleasby, Helene Colombel, Imre Csoka, Werner Embrechts, Eddy Freyne, Ronaldus Gilissen, Eleonora Jovcheva, Peter King, Jean Lacrampe, Delphine Lardeau, Yannick Ligny, Steve Mcclue, Lieven Meerpoel, David R. Newell, Martin Page, Alexandra Papanikos, Elisabeth Pasquier, Isabelle Pilatte, Virginie Poncelet, Olivier Querolle, David C. Rees, Sharna Rich, Bruno Roux, Elodie Sement, Yvan Simonnet, Matthew Squires, Virginie Tronel, Tinne Verhulst, Jorge Vialard, Marc Willems, Steven J. Woodhead, Berthold Wroblowski, Christopher W. Murray, Timothy Perera. Discovery of JNJ-42756493, a potent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitor using a fragment based approach. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4748. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4748
Inside Cover: Large‐Scale Synthesis of Ultrathin Bi2S3 Necklace Nanowires (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 20/2008) (2008)

Ultrathin necklaces of Bi2S3 nanowires can be synthesized in solution on a gram scale and using cheap and non-air-sensitive reagents, as described by G. A. Ozin and co-workers in their Communication on page 3814 ff. Despite their small size, these nanostructures show quantum confinement effects never before observed in Bi2S3 at room temperature, and a semiconductivity which bodes well for their use in flexible electronics devices.