gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A pharmacodynamic model of erythropoietin therapy for uremic anemia (1992)

Fifty-seven patients receiving chronic high-flux hemodialysis began receiving recombinant alpha-human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). The mean initial rHuEPO dose used in 54 evaluable patients was 9963 +/- 4364 U/week; the final dose was 8972 +/- 4058 U/week. Treatment over a mean period of 154 +/- 40 days (84 to 224 days) resulted in an average increase in hematocrit from 24.7% +/- 3.7% to 32.5% +/- 4.4%. We present a model for these data that describes changes in hematocrit during rHuEPO therapy and that allows simultaneous estimation of red blood cell lifespan and rHuEPO-induced increases in red blood cell production rate. Analysis of the hematocrit values of the patients with the model, by use of NONMEM, a computer program for analysis of population data, reveals a nonlinear dose-response relationship with large interindividual variability (coefficient of variation) of about 50%. The estimated mean red blood cell lifespan is 64 days, with interindividual variability of about 30% (coefficient of variation). The intraindividual random variability in hematocrit about its prediction is +/- 5% of the prediction. For clinical dose adjustment, we present a method that uses only simple calculations.
EAGLE: an extensible architecture for general linguistic engineering (1997)

We present a general purpose natural language system which advances the stateof -the-art in several areas. The system contains demonstrated advancements in part-of-speech tagging, end-of-sentence detection, and coreference resolution. In addition, we believe that we have strong maximal noun phrase detection, and subject-verb-object recognition and a pattern matching language well suited to a range of tasks. Other features of the system include modularity and interchangeability of components, rapid component integration and a debugging environment. KeyWords Natural language processing; system architecture; information extraction This work while done while the author was at the University of Pennsylvania. 1 Introduction There are two schools of thought about developing large, robust natural language processing (NLP) systems. The first is to build a system from scratch (e.g. [Kru95]), developing the necessary components as part of the larger structure of the system. The second appro...
Micropower digital design techniques for the nanometer realm. (2008)

As technology scales into the nanometer realm, processor power dissipation continues to be a primary design constraint. The development of Wireless Integrated Microsystems (WIMS) push the boundaries of current technology by demanding low-milliwatt system power and extremely small size (1-2cm<super>3</super>). As the central brain of WIMS systems, the microcontroller unit (MCU) architecture and custom instruction set are optimized for power while providing necessary control, storage, and data processing capabilities. To satisfy aggressive miniaturization goals, two generations of the WIMS MCU integrate a variety of digital peripherals, a cochlear DSP, an analog-front-end, and <italic> LC</italic> and ring oscillators. Despite a net increase of 8 instructions, the Gen-2 pipeline is 14% smaller than Gen-1 in 0.18microm CMOS. At 100MHz, Gen-2 operates 200mV lower than Gen-1 for a 34% power reduction. Low-latency dynamic frequency scaling enables fine-grained adaptation to current workload requirements. An O(<italic>n</italic>) technique is developed for instruction-level power estimation that approximates inter-instruction switching activity using no-ops. The WIMS power-aware compiler incorporates the measured instruction energies to study the benefits of register windows and dynamic loop cache management in the WIMS architecture. Increasing the number of 8-register windows from 1 to 2 yields an average performance improvement of 11% and a 25% power reduction. Using compiler managed dynamic placement in a 64b loop cache achieves an average energy savings of 28% versus 17% with static placement and a 25% energy savings over a traditional instruction cache. At the circuit level, a distributed critical path monitor (CPM) was designed in 65nm SOI to dynamically monitor timing slack and reduce microprocessor design margining. The CPM tracks critical paths within 3 FO2 delays and 1/2 bit standard deviation, is sensitive to 10mV DC voltage fluctuations, and responds to noise causing more than 1 FO2 change in path delay. Another circuit technique, implemented in 65nm bulk CMOS, uses a dual-V<sub>DD</sub> boosted pulsed bus to reduce total bus power by 33% over a traditional static pulsed bus. To achieve the aggressive power goals, this dissertation addresses power dissipation at all levels of microprocessor design including the software/compiler, chip architecture, and circuit levels.
Offshore Measurement System for Wave Power—Using Current Loop Feedback (2016)

This paper presents the design and testing of a measurement system for wave power generators. The work is part of a project to build a robust and cheap measurement system for offshore monitoring of wave power farms. Due to the harsh offshore environment, low accessibility and high cost for installation and maintenance, it is of key importance to minimize power consumption, complexity and cost of each measurement unit. For the first prototype, the objective was to measure voltage, current and translator position inside the linear wave power generator. For this, two printed circuit boards (PCBs) were developed, using a two wire current loop transmitter setup. They were tested separately and in a three phase setup inside a wave power generator during onshore tests. To ensure stability, speed and accuracy in the signal transfer, the PCBs were tested for linearity, frequency response and step response. In addition, power consumption was measured, for operational time evaluation. Results show good agreement between expected and measured performance, with an input range of ±1560 V and ±420 A for alternating current measurements and a bandwidth of 10 kHz and 7 kHz, for voltage and current measurements, respectively. The power consumption was measured to 0.5 W for each measurement unit, at 24 V feed.
Kerf-Less Removal of Si, Ge, and III–V Layers by Controlled Spalling to Enable Low-Cost PV Technologies (2012)

Kerf-less removal of surface layers of photovoltaic materials including silicon, germanium, and III-Vs is demonstrated by controlled spalling technology. The method is extremely simple, versatile, and applicable to a wide range of substrates. Controlled spalling technology requires a stressor layer, such as Ni, to be deposited on the surface of a brittle material, and the controlled removal of a continuous surface layer could be performed at a predetermined depth by manipulating the thickness and stress of the Ni layer. Because the entire process is at room temperature, this technique can be applied to kerf-free ingot dicing, removal of preformed p-n junctions or epitaxial layers, or even completed devices. We successfully demonstrate kerf-free ingot dicing, as well as the removal of III-V single-junction epitaxial layers from a Ge substrate. Solar cells formed on the spalled and transferred single-junction layers showed similar characteristics to nonspalled (bulk) cells, indicating that the quality of the epitaxial layers is not compromised as a result of spalling.
Design and development of a terrestrial digital video broadcast demodulation core: An international collaborative effort (2007)

The terrestrial digital video broadcast (DVB-T) system, specified in the ETSI 300–744 standard, is currently the most popular digital television system with more than 120 million receivers deployed globally in integrated television sets, set-top boxes, in-car modules, universal serial bus (USB) sticks, and personal computer (PC) cards. A provider of multimedia application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) in Asia required a DVB-T demodulation core as part of its strategy to broaden its stake in this growing market. To meet this challenge, Bell Labs partnered with Cambridge Industries Group, China, to form an international team to design and implement the underlying multimode orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)–based receiver. This paper presents insight into the essential elements of the system design, the design methodology, and project management and describes the underlying signal processing algorithms, the bit accurate model, and register transfer level code. It is demonstrated how close collaboration between Bell Labs and selected global partners can yield added value to Alcatel-Lucent. © 2007 Alcatel-Lucent.
Combinatorial mutagenesis to restrict amino acid usage in an enzyme to a reduced set (2002)

We developed an effective strategy to restrict the amino acid usage in a relatively large protein to a reduced set with conservation of its in vivo function. The 213-residue Escherichia coli orotate phosphoribosyltransferase was subjected to 22 cycles of segment-wise combinatorial mutagenesis followed by 6 cycles of site-directed random mutagenesis, both coupled with a growth-related phenotype selection. The enzyme eventually tolerated 73 amino acid substitutions: In the final variant, 9 amino acid types (A, D, G, L, P, R, T, V, and Y) occupied 188 positions (88%), and none of 7 amino acid types (C, H, I, M, N, Q, and W) appeared. Therefore, the catalytic function associated with a relatively large protein may be achieved with a subset of the 20 amino acid. The converged sequence also implies simpler constituents for proteins in the early stage of evolution.
A Survey of Genomic Traces Reveals a Common Sequencing Error, RNA Editing, and DNA Editing (2010)

While it is widely held that an organism's genomic information should remain constant, several protein families are known to modify it. Members of the AID/APOBEC protein family can deaminate DNA. Similarly, members of the ADAR family can deaminate RNA. Characterizing the scope of these events is challenging. Here we use large genomic data sets, such as the two billion sequences in the NCBI Trace Archive, to look for clusters of mismatches of the same type, which are a hallmark of editing events caused by APOBEC3 and ADAR. We align 603,249,815 traces from the NCBI trace archive to their reference genomes. In clusters of mismatches of increasing size, at least one systematic sequencing error dominates the results (G-to-A). It is still present in mismatches with 99% accuracy and only vanishes in mismatches at 99.99% accuracy or higher. The error appears to have entered into about 1% of the HapMap, possibly affecting other users that rely on this resource. Further investigation, using stringent quality thresholds, uncovers thousands of mismatch clusters with no apparent defects in their chromatograms. These traces provide the first reported candidates of endogenous DNA editing in human, further elucidating RNA editing in human and mouse and also revealing, for the first time, extensive RNA editing in Xenopus tropicalis. We show that the NCBI Trace Archive provides a valuable resource for the investigation of the phenomena of DNA and RNA editing, as well as setting the stage for a comprehensive mapping of editing events in large-scale genomic datasets.
CHARACTERISTICS OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY COMPLICATED BY FOCAL CHOROIDAL EXCAVATION (2013)

Fundus angiography and OCT showed that choroidal circulatory disruption and atrophic retinal pigment epithelium at the FCE lesion might be related to central serous chorioretinopathy complicated by FCE.
Correlation between movement of concanavalin A membrane receptors and cytolysis. A scanning electron microscopy study. (1977)

The present study was undertaken to test whether cytolysis induced by Concanavalin A (Con A) requires lateral mobility of membranal lectin receptor sites into caps. Treatment of interphase murine mastocytoma cells with 10(-4) M colchicine promoted cap formation by Con A in about 30% of the cells, followed by cytolysis. Pretreatment of the cells with NaN3, low temperature, or glutaraldehyde decreased the degree of capping and, to the same extent, the degree of cytolysis. The addition of antibodies to cells bound with Con A increased the appearance of capping and cytolysis. A linear relationship with a high correlation coefficient exists between the degree of capping and cytolysis, suggesting that lateral mobility of membrane Con A receptors is required for cytolysis by the lectin. The process of cap formation by Con A up to the stage of cytolysis was followed by scanning electron microscopy.
Negative Thermal Expansion in Single-Component Systems with Isotropic Interactions (2007)

We have devised an isotropic interaction potential that gives rise to negative thermal expansion (NTE) behavior in equilibrium many-particle systems in both two and three dimensions over a wide temperature and pressure range (including zero pressure). An optimization procedure is used in order to find a potential that yields a strong NTE effect. A key feature of the potential that gives rise to this behavior is the softened interior of its basin of attraction. Although such anomalous behavior is well-known in material systems with directional interactions (e.g., zirconium tungstate), to our knowledge, this is the first time that NTE behavior has been established to occur in single-component many-particle systems for isotropic interactions. Using constant-pressure Monte Carlo simulations, we show that as the temperature is increased, the system exhibits negative, zero, and then positive thermal expansion before melting (for both two- and three-dimensional systems). The behavior is explicitly compared to that of a Lennard-Jones system, which exhibits typical expansion upon heating for all temperatures and pressures.
Low frequency noise in two-dimensional metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (1996)

Low frequency noise in the two-dimensional metal-semiconductor field effect transistor (2D-MESFET) is reported. It is shown that the noise level S is rather small. At room temperature the value of Hooge constant α was about 2×10−5 for frequency f=20 Hz. The frequency dependence of the relative spectral density of current fluctuations SI/I2 at 300 K was close to S∼1/f0.6 in the frequency range 20 Hz–20 kHz. Two local maxima were observed in the temperature dependence of S in the ranges 100–180 K and 200–300 K.
Manipulation of pyramidal cell firing in the hippocampus of freely behaving rats by local application of K+ via microdialysis (1996)

In this study, microdialysis was performed in the hippocampus of freely behaving rats, and the firing of pyramidal cells, including place cells, was recorded at the site of the microdialysis probe. For 10-min periods, the artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) in the microdialysis system was replaced with ACSF containing 50 mM K+ (high K+ solution). Complementary in vitro tests determined that microdialysis with such high K+ solution produced an outflow of 5% of the perfused K+ from the microdialysis probe. Application of K+ with this method into the CA1 region significantly increased the firing of the local pyramidal cells, including place cells, during both movement and sleep. On average, K+ exposures increased the firing rate of the neurons to 306% and 448% of the control firing rate during movement and sleep, respectively. After the termination of the K+ outflow, the cells continued to discharge for 5-30 min with a significantly higher frequency than before the K+ challenge. This phenomenon also occurred in both behavioral states. During the period of enhanced firing, the out-of-field firing rate of the recorded place cells was dramatically increased. It was also found that during the K+ applications, otherwise silent pyramidal cells often became electrically active. The K(+)-induced firing modifications were usually not accompanied by behavioral or EEG changes. The data raise the possibility that transient elevations in the extracellular K+ concentration contribute to the ionic/molecular processes which are responsible for plastic firing pattern modifications in hippocampus. Pharmacological manipulation of place cells with the described method offers a new strategy to understand the molecular bases of spatial memory.
Chiral Ansa Metallocenes with Cp Ring-Fused to Thiophenes and Pyrroles:  Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Isotactic Polypropylene Catalysts  [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 4763−4773]. (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionChiral Ansa Metallocenes with Cp Ring-Fused to Thiophenes and Pyrroles: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Isotactic Polypropylene Catalysts [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2001, 123, 4763−4773]. John A. Ewen, Michael J. Elder, Robert L. Jones, Arnold L. Rheingold, Louise M. Liable-Sands, and Roger D. SommerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 28, 6964Publication Date (Web):June 22, 2001Publication History Published online22 June 2001Published inissue 1 July 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja015157lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja015157lcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views590Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (13 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modulating image oscillations in focusing by a metamaterial lens: Time-dependent Green’s function approach (2006)

It was demonstrated previously that the image focused with an $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=\ensuremath{\mu}=\ensuremath{-}1$ metamaterial lens is intrinsically unstable, and adding absorption stabilizes the image at the price of degrading the image resolution. Here we show that a stable image with the highest possible resolution can be obtained in the shortest duration, if the source's ``switching-on'' time matches the intrinsic focusing speed of the lens. We demonstrate that the image oscillations, although appearing different and complicated in different situations, are all dictated by the interactions between the source spectra and the lens surface modes, and can be efficiently modulated by the lens thickness and the material parameters.
Random Walks with Restarts for Graph-Based Classification: Teleportation Tuning and Sampling Design (2018)

The present work introduces methods for sampling and inference for the purpose of semi-supervised classification over the nodes of a graph. The graph may be given or constructed using similarity measures among nodal features. Leveraging the graph for classification builds on the premise that relation among nodes can be modeled via stationary distributions of a certain class of random walks. The proposed classifier builds on existing scalable random-walk-based methods and improves accuracy and robustness by automatically adjusting a set of parameters to the graph and label distribution at hand. Furthermore, a sampling strategy tailored to random-walk-based classifiers is introduced. Numerical tests on benchmark synthetic and real labeled graphs demonstrate the performance of the proposed sampling and inference methods in terms of classification accuracy.
Design and Implementation of Simulation System of Electronic Commerce (2015)

The rapid development of modern financial economics puts forward higher requirements on the training of financial professionals. Not only require students to master a wealth of theoretical knowledge, but also require them have some ability in practical operation and innovation. However, nowadays the simulation trading software on the market focuses on a quick demonstration. It is difficult to combine with theoretical knowledge to make a rational analysis and judgment, which makes it impossible to form a securities operating system. To solve this problem, we designed a simulated trading system for teaching, which focused on how to combine theoretical knowledge taught in class with real trading system operations closely. Real trading environment, the timely review of theory and rational evaluation of co-operation as a whole is both beneficial to teaching, also is helpful to the students' flexible use of knowledge.
Organosilane insecticides. Part II: Chemistry and structure—activity relationships (1990)

Abstract Silicon effectively substitutes for quaternary carbon in etofenpr ox‐type insecticides; the resulting dimethyl‐4‐ethoxyphenyl‐3‐(4‐fluoro‐3‐phenoxyphenyl)propylsilane is a broad‐spectrum insecticide with extremely low toxicity to fish. Four regions of this new silane insecticide have been systematically altered. The methyl groups on silicon appear to be critical for activity. Replacement of the fluorine with hydrogen results in a substantial loss of activity. The aromatic rings of the phenoxyphenyl fragment are best tethered by oxygen or carbonyl, the methylene and nitrogen analogs being of very low toxicity to the test species. The activity ranking of the methylene and carbonyl tethers is opposite to that found for ester pyrethroids. The relationship of insecticidal activity to the aromatic substituent para to the silicon atom has been found to correlate with the molar refractivity of the substituent. Replacement of a tetra‐substituted carbon atom with a silicon atom can simplify construction of test compounds and thus be advantageously used in the exploration of structure—activity relationships. A novel method for preparing allylbenzenes from aromatic aldehydes was also developed .
Learning to learn with quantum neural networks via classical neural networks (2019)

Quantum Neural Networks (QNNs) are a promising variational learning paradigm with applications to near-term quantum processors, however they still face some significant challenges. One such challenge is finding good parameter initialization heuristics that ensure rapid and consistent convergence to local minima of the parameterized quantum circuit landscape. In this work, we train classical neural networks to assist in the quantum learning process, also know as meta-learning, to rapidly find approximate optima in the parameter landscape for several classes of quantum variational algorithms. Specifically, we train classical recurrent neural networks to find approximately optimal parameters within a small number of queries of the cost function for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) for MaxCut, QAOA for Sherrington-Kirkpatrick Ising model, and for a Variational Quantum Eigensolver for the Hubbard model. By initializing other optimizers at parameter values suggested by the classical neural network, we demonstrate a significant improvement in the total number of optimization iterations required to reach a given accuracy. We further demonstrate that the optimization strategies learned by the neural network generalize well across a range of problem instance sizes. This opens up the possibility of training on small, classically simulatable problem instances, in order to initialize larger, classically intractably simulatable problem instances on quantum devices, thereby significantly reducing the number of required quantum-classical optimization iterations.