gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemoprevention of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced Hamster Cheek Pouch Carcinogenesis by a 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitor, Garcinol (2012)

Our previous studies have shown that aberrant arachidonic acid metabolism, especially the 5-lipoxygenase (5-Lox) pathway, is involved in oral carcinogenesis and can be targeted for cancer prevention. To develop potent topical agents for oral cancer chemoprevention, 5 known 5-Lox inhibitors from dietary and synthetic sources (Zileuton, ABT-761, licofelone, curcumin, and garcinol) were evaluated in silico for their potential efficacy. Garcinol, a polyisoprenylated benzophenone from the fruit rind of Garcinia spp., was found to be a promising agent based on the calculation of a theoretical activity index. Computer modeling showed that garcinol well fit the active site of 5-Lox, and potentially inhibited enzyme activity through interactions between the phenolic hydroxyl groups and the non-heme catalytic iron. In a short-term study on 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-treated hamster cheek pouch, topical garcinol suppressed leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis and inhibited inflammation and cell proliferation in the oral epithelium. In a long-term carcinogenesis study, topical garcinol significantly reduced the size of visible tumors, the number of cancer lesions, cell proliferation, and LTB4 biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that topical application of a 5-Lox inhibitor, garcinol, had chemopreventive effect on DMBA-induced hamster cheek pouch carcinogenesis.
An association between decreased cardiopulmonary complications (transfusion‐related acute lung injury and transfusion‐associated circulatory overload) and implementation of universal leukoreduction of blood transfusions (2010)

These data suggest novel hypotheses for further testing in animal models, in prospective clinical trials, and via the new US hemovigilance system: 1) Is TACO or TRALI mitigated by leukoreduction? 2) Is the mechanism of TACO more complex than excessive blood volume? and 3) Does washing mitigate TRALI and TACO due to PLT and RBC transfusions?
Fixed versus flex grid with route optimised modulation formats and channel data rates of 400 Gbits and above (2013)

We optimise a 5-node resource limited mesh network with data rates of 400 Gbits and above. We show that by optimising the modulation format as part of the routing algorithm the network throughput can be increased. Fixed and flex grid solutions were compared showing similar throughput however a fixed 75 GHz grid required fewer transceivers.
Overexpression of bcl-2 or bcl-XL fails to inhibit apoptosis mediated by a novel retinoid. (1998)

Overexpression of bcl-2 or bcl-XL has been found to inhibit the induction of apoptosis in malignant cells by a large number of agents including a wide variety of chemotherapeutic drugs. CD437 ¿6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4 hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid¿ is a novel retinoid that induces apoptosis in a number of malignant cells through a unique mechanism of action. The addition of 1 microM CD437 to HL-60/NEO cells resulted in capase 3 (CPP32) activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) cleavage in 3 h whereas in bcl-2- or bcl-XL-overexpressing HL-60 cells CD437 induced CPP32 activation and PARP cleavage in 6 h. Although 50 and 300 nM CD437 were required to induce PARP cleavage in HL-60/NEO and HL-60/bcl-2, HL-60/bcl-XL cells, respectively, maximal apoptosis in both cell lines was achieved utilizing 300 nM CD437. All three cell lines, however, share identical dose-response curves in terms of their growth inhibition, suggesting that CD437-mediated inhibition of growth and induction of apoptosis represent two distinct and separable processes. In addition, CD437 induces GI arrest as well as p21WAFI/CIPI mRNA expression in these cells despite the overexpression of bcl-2 or bcl-XL. CD437 induced mitochondrial instability as indicated by cytochrome c leakage into the cytoplasm in all three cell lines. CD437 also induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of an apoptosis-resistant variant of the HL-60 cell line (HCW-2), which switched expression from bcl-2 to bcl-XL. CD437-mediated apoptosis is not accompanied by downregulation of bcl-2 or bcl-XL or upregulation of bax. The reason for the inability of bcl-2 or bcl-XL overexpression to inhibit CD437-mediated apoptosis is unclear. The ability of CD437 to initiate apoptosis in a spectrum of malignant cells without interference from bcl-2 or bcl-XL overexpression suggests that CD437 may possess significant therapeutic potential in the treatment of malignancy.
Engagement of a T cell receptor by major histocompatibility complex irrespective of peptide (1997)

T cell receptors (TCR) identify target cells presenting a ligand consisting of a major histocompatibility complex molecule (MHC) and an antigenic peptide. A considerable amount of evidence indicates that the TCR contacts both the peptide and the MHC components of the ligand. In fully differentiated T cells the interaction between the peptide and the TCR makes the critical contribution to eliciting a cellular response. However, during the positive selection of thymocytes the contribution of peptide relative to MHC is less well established. Indeed it has been suggested that the critical interaction for positive selection is between the TCR and the MHC molecule and that peptides can be viewed as either allowing or obstructing this contact. This predicts that a given TCR is capable of engaging multiple MHC/peptide complexes. In this study a system is described which detects simply engagement of the TCR by MHC/peptide complexes rather than the functional outcome of such interactions. Using this approach the extent to which peptides can influence contacts between the TCR and the MHC molecule has been examined. The results show that the TCR does in fact engage a wide range of ligands in an MHC-restricted but largely peptide-independent manner, suggesting that only a few peptides are able to prevent the TCR from contacting the MHC molecule.
Guest Editorial: Special Issue on Haptics in Rehabilitation and Neural Engineering (2014)

The articles in this special section focus on broadening our understanding of the role of touch in sensorimotor coordination, including rehabilitation of motor deficits and use of advanced prostheses and orthoses. The articles presented in this issue confirm that the science and technology of haptics has great potential to affect the outcomes of rehabilitation and adoption of advanced prosthetic and orthotic devices.
Activation of chloride transport in CF airway epithelial cell lines and primary CF nasal epithelial cells by S-nitrosoglutathione (2006)

Previous studies have suggested that treatment with GSNO promotes maturation of delF508-CFTR, consistent with our results in this study. Here we show that GSNO increases chloride efflux, both in the two CF cell lines and in primary nasal epithelial cells from delF508-CF patients. This effect is at least in part mediated by CFTR. GSNO may be a candidate for pharmacological treatment of the defective chloride transport in CF epithelial cells.
Potential of Early [ 18 F]-2-Fluoro-2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography for Identifying Hypoperfusion and Predicting Fate of Tissue in a Rat Embolic Stroke Model (2011)

Hypoperfused tissue can be identified by decreased K1 of FDG. Acute ischemic tissue can be well characterized using K1 and Ki allowing for discrimination between infarct core and early viable tissue. Because FDG-PET is widely spread, our findings can be easily translated into clinical application for early diagnoses of ischemia.
Cytokine release syndrome: inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines as a solution for reducing COVID-19 mortality (2020)

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) reached pandemic proportions at the beginning of 2020 and continues to be a worldwide concern. End organ damage and acute respiratory distress syndrome are the leading causes of death in severely or critically ill patients. The elevated cytokine levels in severe patients in comparison with mildly affected patients suggest that cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurs in the severe form of the disease. In this paper, the significant role of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, and their mechanism of action in the CRS cascade is explained. Potential therapeutic approaches involving anti-IL-6 and anti-TNF-alpha antibodies to fight COVID-19 and reduce mortality rate in severe cases are also discussed.
Ultrafast laser inscribed fiber Bragg gratings for sensing applications (2016)

Because of their small size, passive nature, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and capability to directly measure physical parameters such as temperature and strain, fiber Bragg grating sensors have developed beyond a laboratory curiosity and are becoming a mainstream sensing technology. Recently, high temperature stable gratings based on femtosecond infrared laser-material processing have shown promise for use in extreme environments such as high temperature, pressure or ionizing radiation. Such gratings are ideally suited for energy production applications where there is a requirement for advanced energy system instrumentation and controls that are operable in harsh environments. This tutorial paper will present a review of some of the more recent developments.
Triblock copolymer templated semi-crystalline mesoporous titania films containing emulsion-induced macropores (2009)

Triblock copolymer templated synthesis of titania films in water (without ethanol) was demonstrated, which led to the formation of emulsions in the aqueous precursor solutions by adding hydrophobic 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPBz). A cubic Im-3m mesoporous anatase film containing emulsion-induced macropores was prepared by spin-coating of an aqueous precursor solution of water-soluble triblock copolymer such as Pluronic F127 through the evaporation-induced self-assembly approach. The addition of TIPBz in the aqueous system also affords pinhole-like macrospaces in the mesostructured film. Expansion of the pinhole-like macrospaces during calcination would offset a tensile stress through shrinkage with the retention of the mesostructure, leading to complete crystallization of the titania framework that is important for effective adsorption of DNA molecules.
Joint Channel Estimation and Channel Decoding in Physical-Layer Network Coding Systems: An EM-BP Factor Graph Framework (2014)

This paper addresses the problem of joint channel estimation and channel decoding in physical-layer network coding (PNC) systems. In PNC, multiple users transmit to a relay simultaneously. PNC channel decoding is different from conventional multi-user channel decoding: specifically, the PNC relay aims to decode a network-coded message rather than the individual messages of the users. Although prior work has shown that PNC can significantly improve the throughput of a relay network, the improvement is predicated on the availability of accurate channel estimates. Channel estimation in PNC, however, can be particularly challenging because of 1) the overlapped signals of multiple users; 2) the correlations among data symbols induced by channel coding; and 3) time-varying channels. We combine the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and belief propagation (BP) algorithm on a unified factor-graph framework to tackle these challenges. In this framework, channel estimation is performed by an EM subgraph, and channel decoding is performed by a BP subgraph that models a virtual encoder matched to the target of PNC channel decoding. Iterative message passing between these two subgraphs allow the optimal solutions for both to be approached progressively. We present extensive simulation results demonstrating the superiority of our PNC receivers over other PNC receivers.
Molecular Design of Blue Phosphorescent Host Materials for Phenylimidazole‐Type Blue Triplet Emitters to Extend Operational Lifetime (2018)

Abstract Herein, a molecular design to improve the quantum efficiency and lifetime of blue phosphorescent devices by managing the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital is developed. This is accomplished by introducing a strong electron‐withdrawing cyano (CN) moiety into the chemical structure, which is made up of carbazolylcarbazole and dibenzothiophene. The CN moiety is selectively introduced into the dibenzothiophene unit or carbazolylcarbazole unit to investigate the effect of the CN position on the device performance of blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). It is demonstrated that substituting CN into dibenzothiophene effectively facilitates electron injection and enhances the quantum efficiency of the blue OLEDs. A high external quantum efficiency of 26.8% is achieved in the blue phosphorescent devices using an imidazole ligand‐derived Ir emitter based on the molecular design to modify dibenzothiophene with the CN moiety. This also extends the lifetime of the blue phosphorescent device doped with the CN‐modified, imidazole ligand‐derived Ir emitter.
Synthesizing the Dynamics of Cyberspace Visual Renderings for Distributive Systems to Characterize Cyber Attack, Performance, and Vulnerability (2011)

Abstract : The objective is to better understand and synthesize the dynamic response of complex and distributed networks when they are under cyber attack. Modern complex and distributed systems now are highly vulnerable and can be easily compromised by attacks at key nodes. Finding the key nodes or links in a model of a distributed network system is critically important to understand how to mitigate an attack. An analysis tool needs to be developed to first determine what areas of a complex network may be highly vulnerable so that commanders and other decision makers can help protect their assets. Most modern complex and distributed networks have been built in an ad hoc manner where nodes, links, and other connections spring up without any real planning. Decision makers then have to assign authority and responsibility to the key constituent players and they need a framework and basis to improve their allocation of scarce resources to protect complex networks. From another point of view, some networks are hostile and the overall objective would be to attack and take such a network down. The expression taking a network down is assumed to be equivalent to producing congestion and restricting the flow of important military assets, water, food, medicine and other important entities.
Efficacy of aerosol therapy of lung cancer correlates with EGFR paralysis induced by AvidinOX-anchored biotinylated Cetuximab (2014)

Lung cancer, as well as lung metastases from distal primary tumors, could benefit from aerosol treatment. Unfortunately, because of lung physiology, clearance of nebulized drugs is fast, paralleled by unwanted systemic exposure. Here we report that nebulized AvidinOX can act as an artificial receptor for biotinylated drugs. In nude and SCID mice with advanced human KRAS-mutated A549 metastatic lung cancer, pre-nebulization with AvidinOX enables biotinylated Cetuximab to control tumor growth at a dose lower than 1/25,000 the intravenous effective dose. This result correlates with a striking, specific and unpredictable effect of AvidinOX-anchored biotinylated Cetuximab, as well as Panitumumab, observed on a panel of tumor cell lines, leading to inhibition of dimerization and signalling, blockade of endocytosis, induction of massive lysosomal degradation and abrogation of nuclear translocation of EGFR. Excellent tolerability, together with availability of pharmaceutical-grade AvidinOX and antibodies, will allow rapid clinical translation of the proposed therapy.
Improving Diagnostic Coincidence Rate of Graves’ Disease by Ultrasound Examination with Clinical Symptoms (2021)

Abstract:
Passively Mode-Locked GaInN Laser Diode Generating 200 fs Optical Pulses (2013)

Femtosecond optical pulses with a duration of 200 fs were generated using a GaInN bisectional laser diode passively mode-locked in a dispersion-compensated external cavity with spectral filtering performed outside the cavity. The fact that the femtosecond pulses were obtained with a negative intracavity group-velocity dispersion and a saturable absorber recovery time of about 15 ps indicates that the mechanism involved was soliton mode-locking. The spectro-temporal investigation of the output pulses directly emitted after the mode-locked laser diode revealed that the spectral broadening was due to self-phase modulation in the gain section.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Reduction of Enamino Sulfoxides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast simulation of lumped-element loaded AMC antenna systems using embedded element theory (2010)

In this paper we present a new efficient method for the simulation of low-profile antenna systems with Artificial Magnetic Conducting (AMC) ground planes that incorporate tunable lumped-elements. This technique works by first extracting an impedance matrix consisting of lumped elements and feed elements from a full-wave method of moments simulation. The embedded element theory is then employed to estimate the feed impedance of the AMC/antenna system with any set of arbitrary loading.
Structural and biochemical consequences of disease causing mutations in human mitochondrial tRNA Met (2008)

The translational apparatus of human mitochondria requires only 22 tRNAs, which are encoded by the mitochondrial genome. The tRNA genes are hotspots for disease causing mutations. The single tRNA Met (hmtRNA Met ) has 3 known disease causing mutations. One of these (U8C) results in the loss of a specific Mg 2+ binding site, leading to an incorrectly folded tRNA that is poorly aminoacylated. A second mutation (A37G) in hmtRNA Met is associated with Leber's Hereditary Optical Neuropathy. The A37G mutant, located in the anticodon loop of hmtRNA Met , retains the wild‐type structure, aminoacylation, and binding to EF‐Tu. Because of the proximity of this mutation to the anticodon, it is likely to affect the decoding process. The third mutation (G53A in the T‐stem) results in abnormal mitochondria with defects in energy production. The G53A mutation alters the structure of the tRNA as determined by chemical probing and thermal denaturation. However, these structural alterations are overcome by the human mitochondrial methionyl‐tRNA synthetase and this mutated tRNA can be aminoacylated efficiently. The G53A mutant has a decreased ability to bind EF‐Tu suggesting that it may have a defect in polypeptide chain elongation. The effect of this mutation on the association and dissociation rate constants for its interaction with EF‐Tu and its subsequent delivery to the ribosome is being investigated. (Supported by NIH Grant GM32734)
Modeling of Novolak-based positive photoresist exposed to KrF excimer laser UV radiation at 248 nm (1990)

A model is presented for calculating the local exposure and the development rate for a Novolak-resin naphtoquinone-diazide sensitized photoresist exposed to a KrF excimer laser UV radiation at 248 nm. The measured transmission of the pulsed UV radiation through the resist is presented and compared to the simulated one using the model. Classical bleaching characteristics (i.e. the resist transmittance increases with the dose) are observed at low dose exposure with low energy per pulse. When the dose is increased, the photoresist transmittance reaches a maximum and starts to decrease. This behavior is assumed to be due to UV radiation effect on the resin. The model describes a general photoresist with absorbing components, each with two distinctive initial and postexposure states. The model is applied to the case of a Novolak-based photoresist where the two components are the photoactive compound and the resin.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Molecular Structures of Human Factor Xa Complexed with Ketopiperazine Inhibitors:  Preference for a Neutral Group in the S1 Pocket (2003)

The structures of the noncovalent complex of human factor Xa (fXa) with four non-peptide inhibitors containing a central sulfonylpiperazinone scaffold have been determined to about 2.1 A resolution. Highly potent fXa inhibitors containing both neutral groups such as chlorobenzothiophene or chlorothiophene and basic groups such as benzamidine were shown to interact in the S1 pocket through the neutral group whereas the S4 pocket is occupied by the basic moiety. The scaffold comprising the sulfonyl keto piperazine moiety might play a pivotal role in the orientation of substituents, since there is a strong hydrogen bond between Gly219 of fXa and the carbonyl oxygen of the piperazine. This unique "reverse" binding mode is heretofore unreported in fXa and shows that electrostatic interactions in the S1 subsite are not an absolute requirement to maintain high affinity. Selectivity against other serine proteases can be readily explained in light of these structural results. It has opened up new prospects for designing fXa inhibitors with increased oral bioavailability.
Managing complexity in an autonomous vehicle (2008)

Team Tormenta fielded an autonomous vehicle in the DARPA Grand Challenge 2005. Limiting the complexity of the autonomous system design, construction, and testing was crucial in rapidly designing a cost-effective working system. This approach allowed Team Tormenta to field a competitive vehicle on a low budget competing in the qualification trials.
Electrically tunable lasing from a dye-doped two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystal made of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (2010)

Mode-dependent electrically tunable lasing of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes is demonstrated in a dye-doped two-dimensional hexagonal photonic crystal made of holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (LCs). Over 10 nm redshifting in lasing with multiple peaks in nonpolarizing spectra is obtained by applying external voltages up to 40 V. The splitting of lasing spectra between two perpendicular polarizations with the applied voltage is observed, which can be explained through the difference in effective refractive index of LC droplet change with the applied electric field for TE and TM modes.
On-Road Evaluation of Inspection/Maintenance Effectiveness (1996)

This study presents an evaluation of inspection and maintenance (I/M) programs in terms of their effect on motor vehicle carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) exhaust emissions as measured on-road by remote sensing technology. The results show that the performance of past I/M programs at several monitored locations has been less effective than predicted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The emissions from I/M and non-I/M vehicles measured in Tucson, AZ, and in rural Colorado show no statistically significant difference. An apparent I/M effect observed in El Paso, TX, and in Denver, CO, is smaller than predicted. Comparisons of CO emissions by vehicle age for several years at the same locations in Chicago and Denver show no evidence that the Chicago centralized I/M program was more effective than the Denver decentralized I/M program.
Closed-form parameterization of the Pareto boundary for the two-user MISO interference channel (2011)

In this paper, we study an achievable rate region of the two-user multiple-input single-output (MISO) interference channel. We find the transmit beamforming vectors that achieve Pareto-optimal points. We do so, by deriving a sufficient condition for Pareto optimality. Given the beamforming vector of one transmitter, this condition enables us to determine the beamforming vector of the other transmitter that forms a Pareto-optimal pair. The latter can be done in closed form by solving a cubic equation. The result is validated against state-of-the-art methods via numerical illustrations.