gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrazine as Facile Nitrogen Source for Direct Synthesis of Amines over a Supported Pt Catalyst (2020)

Facile preparation of secondary amines from alcohols or aldehydes is achieved by using the hydrazine (N2H4) as an easy-to-handle nitrogen source. The anatase titania-supported Pt (Pt/TiO2-A) is discovered to be an efficient catalyst to enable the first alcohols/aldehydes to amines conversion with N2H4 as the only nitrogen and hydrogen source without any additional base or additives. Mechanistic studies suggest that this alcohol-to-amine transformation proceeds by the sequential alcohol dehydrogenation, aldehyde-N2H4 condensation, azine reduction, imine formation, and reduction processes in one pot. As N2H4 is a strong nucleophile that readily reacts with aldehyde, the unique catalytic property of Pt/TiO2-A ensures the high selectivity of amine products by providing multifunctional active sites for dehydrogenation and multiple reductions. This study highlights the considerable potential of hydrazine in direct synthesis of nitrogen-containing fine chemicals with a fine-tuned heterogeneous Pt catalyst, which is safe, green, and easy to handle.
Enhancement of dielectric breakdown strength in glass using polymer coatings (2012)

Traditional polymer film capacitors used in pulsed power and power electronics applications have severe limitations in terms of high temperature reliability. Alkali-free glass is a promising material for high temperature and high power capacitors because of its low dielectric loss and high breakdown strength (12 MV/cm), resulting in energy density values exceeding 35 J/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . Several alkali-free glass compositions are commercially available with a permittivity range of 5 to 7 and low dielectric loss (tan δ <; 0.5%) up to 200°C. Polymer coatings, such as parylene-C and fluorinated polyester (FPE) significantly increase the breakdown strength of alkali-free glass sheets; in some cases, by over 50% at temperatures up to 125°C, compared to uncoated glass.
Somatic mutation as a mechanism of Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation in CLL (2014)

Key Points Wnt pathway is frequently mutated in CLL. Wnt pathway mutations can lead to pathway activation and enhanced CLL survival.
Redundancy parameterization and inverse kinematics of 7-DOF revolute manipulators (2023)

Seven degree-of-freedom (DOF) robot arms have one redundant DOF which does not change the motion of the end effector. The redundant DOF offers greater manipulability of the arm configuration to avoid obstacles and singularities, but it must be parameterized to fully specify the joint angles for a given end effector pose. For 7-DOF revolute (7R) manipulators, we introduce a new concept of generalized shoulder-elbow-wrist (SEW) angle, a generalization of the conventional SEW angle but with an arbitrary choice of the reference direction function. The SEW angle is widely used and easy for human operators to visualize as a rotation of the elbow about the shoulder-wrist line. Since other redundancy parameterizations including the conventional SEW angle encounter an algorithmic singularity along a line in the workspace, we introduce a special choice of the reference direction function called the stereographic SEW angle which has a singularity only along a half-line, which can be placed out of reach. We prove that such a singularity is unavoidable for any parameterization. We also include expressions for the SEW angle Jacobian along with singularity analysis. Finally, we provide efficient and singularity-robust inverse kinematics solutions for most known 7R manipulators using the general SEW angle and the subproblem decomposition method. These solutions are often closed-form but may sometimes involve a 1D or 2D search in the general case. Search-based solutions may be converted to finding zeros of a high-order polynomial. Inverse kinematics solutions, examples, and evaluations are available in a publicly accessible repository.
Self-Regulation and Interplay of Rsm Family Proteins Modulate the Lifestyle of Pseudomonas putida (2016)

Proteins of the CsrA/RsmA family function as global regulators in different bacteria. More than one of these proteins is present in certain species. In this study, all of the RsmA homologs in P. putida are characterized and globally taken into account to investigate their roles in controlling bacterial lifestyles and the regulatory interactions among them. The results offer new perspectives on how biofilm formation is modulated in this environmentally relevant bacterium.
Optimistic concurrency for clusters via speculative locking (2009)

Transactional memory and speculative locking are optimistic concurrency control mechanisms, whose goal is to enable highly concurrent execution while reducing the programming effort. The same basic idea lies in the heart of both methods: optimistically execute a critical code segment, determine whether there have been data conflicts and roll back in case validation fails. Transactional memory is widely considered to have advantages over lock-based synchronization on shared memory multiprocessors. Several recent works suggest employment of transactional memory in a distributed environment. However, being derived from traditional shared-memory design space, these schemes seem to be not "optimistic" enough for this setting. Each thread must validate the current transaction before proceeding to the next. Hence, blocking remote requests whose purpose is to detect/avoid data conflicts are placed on the critical path and thus delay execution.
Methylxanthines Increase Expression of the Splicing Factor SRSF2 by Regulating Multiple Post-transcriptional Mechanisms (2015)

We have previously reported that the methylxanthine caffeine increases expression of the splicing factor SRSF2, the levels of which are normally controlled by a negative autoregulatory loop. In the present study we have investigated the mechanisms by which methylxanthines induce this aberrant overexpression. RT-PCR analyses suggested little impact of caffeine on SRSF2 total mRNA levels. Instead, caffeine induced changes in the levels of SRSF2 3' UTR splice variants. Although some of these variants were substrates for nonsense-medicated decay (NMD), and could potentially have been stabilized by caffeine-mediated inhibition of NMD, down-regulation of NMD by a genetic approach was not sufficient to reproduce the phenotype. Furthermore, cell-based assays demonstrated that some of the caffeine-induced variants were intrinsically more efficiently translated than others; the addition of caffeine increased the translational efficiency of most SRSF2 transcripts. MicroRNA array analyses revealed a significant caffeine-mediated decrease in the expression of two SRSF2-targeting miRs, both of which were shown to repress translation of specific SRSF2 splice variants. These data support a complex model whereby caffeine down-regulates SRSF2-targeting microRNAs, leading to an increase in SRSF2 translation, which in turn induces SRSF2 splicing. SRSF2 splice variants are then stabilized by caffeine-mediated NMD inhibition, breaking the normal negative feedback loop and allowing the aberrant increase in SRSF2 protein levels. These findings highlight the complexity of SRSF2 gene regulation, and suggest ways in which SRSF2 expression may be dysregulated in disease.
Liquid‐like Ionic Conduction in Solid Lithium and Sodium Monocarba‐closo‐decaborates near or at Room Temperature (2016)

Adv. Energy Mater. 2016, 6, 1502237
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Imidazobenzodiazepines Selective for the α5. beta.2γ2 (Bz5) GABAA/Benzodiazepine Receptor Subtype. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Search for top squark pair production using dilepton final states in $${\text {p}}{\text {p}}$$ collision data collected at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {TeV} $$ (2021)

A search is presented for supersymmetric partners of the top quark (top squarks) in final states with two oppositely charged leptons (electrons or muons), jets identified as originating from <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mtext>b</mml:mtext></mml:math> quarks, and missing transverse momentum. The search uses data from proton-proton collisions at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow><mml:msqrt><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> collected with the CMS detector, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>fb</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> <mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Hypothetical signal events are efficiently separated from the dominant top quark pair production background with requirements on the significance of the missing transverse momentum and on transverse mass variables. No significant deviation is observed from the expected background. Exclusion limits are set in the context of simplified supersymmetric models with pair-produced lightest top squarks. For top squarks decaying exclusively to a top quark and a lightest neutralino, lower limits are placed at <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mn>95</mml:mn> <mml:mo>%</mml:mo></mml:mrow> </mml:math> confidence level on the masses of the top squark and the neutralino up to 925 and 450 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> , respectively. If the decay proceeds via an intermediate chargino, the corresponding lower limits on the mass of the lightest top squark are set up to 850 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> for neutralino masses below 420 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> . For top squarks undergoing a cascade decay through charginos and sleptons, the mass limits reach up to 1.4 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> and 900 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mspace></mml:mspace> <mml:mtext>GeV</mml:mtext></mml:mrow> </mml:math> respectively for the top squark and the lightest neutralino.
Relation between Contact Angle and the Cross-Sectional Area of Small, Sessile Liquid Drops (2006)

In this theoretical study, the cross-sectional areas of small, sessile drops were calculated for solid surfaces with a wide range of wettability. These areas were then used to estimate obstruction of rectangular gas flow channels by sessile liquid drops. Our findings suggest that even a small improvement in wettability (i.e., a lower contact angle) will lead to a substantial decrease in blockage. This work has implications for small channels that contain two-phase flow, such as those found in fuel cells.
Figure S6 from Stimulation of Oncogene-Specific Tumor-Infiltrating T Cells through Combined Vaccine and αPD-1 Enable Sustained Antitumor Responses against Established HER2 Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 6&lt;/p&gt;
Extreme Thermal Shielding Effects in Nanopaper Based on Multilayers of Aligned Clay Nanoplatelets in Cellulose Nanofiber Matrix (2016)

Thin films consisting of highly aligned clay nanoplatelets embedded in cellulose nanofiber matrix can withstand the penetration of a flame torch (temperature ≈ 900 °C) with a stable temperature drop >600 °C on the unexposed side. Clay nanoplatelets provide high through-thickness interface density and thermal shielding properties, while nanocellulose expands to form thermally stable carbonaceous residue connecting clay platelets. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Fragment-Based Discovery of Pyrimido[1,2-<i>b</i>]indazole PDE10A Inhibitors (2018)

In this study, we report the identification of potent pyrimidoindazoles as phosphodiesterase10A (PDE10A) inhibitors by using the method of fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD). The pyrazolopyridine derivative 2 was found to be a fragment hit compound which could occupy a part of the binding site of PDE10A enzyme by using the method of the X-ray co-crystal structure analysis. On the basis of the crystal structure of compound 2 and PDE10A protein, a number of compounds were synthesized and evaluated, by means of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, which culminated in the discovery of a novel pyrimidoindazole derivative 13 having good physicochemical properties.
Characterization of a Pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidine Inhibitor of Cyclin‐Dependent Kinases 2 and 5 and Aurora A With Pro‐Apoptotic and Anti‐Angiogenic Activity In Vitro (2015)

Selective inhibitors of kinases that regulate the cell cycle, such as cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and aurora kinases, could potentially become powerful tools for the treatment of cancer. We prepared and studied a series of 3,5,7-trisubstituted pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidines, a new CDK inhibitor scaffold, to assess their CDK2 inhibitory and antiproliferative activities. A new compound, 2i, which preferentially inhibits CDK2, CDK5, and aurora A was identified. Both biochemical and cellular assays indicated that treatment with compound 2i caused the downregulation of cyclins A and B, the dephosphorylation of histone H3 at Ser10, and the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in the HCT-116 colon cancer cell line. It also reduced migration as well as tube and lamellipodia formation in human endothelial cells. The kinase inhibitory profile of compound 2i suggests that its anti-angiogenic activity is linked to CDK5 inhibition. This dual mode of action involving apoptosis induction in cancer cells and the blocking of angiogenesis-like activity in endothelial cells offers possible therapeutic potential.
Selectivity in organic group transfer in reactions of mixed lithium diorganocuprates (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelectivity in organic group transfer in reactions of mixed lithium diorganocupratesW. Harry Mandeville and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 3, 400–405Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00917a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00917a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations83LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hemocompatibility of a coaxial pump catheter for less invasive heart surgery (2002)

Off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) requires heart manipulation during exposure of the lateral and posterior walls of the heart, which may cause hemodynamic instability, mainly through right ventricular dysfunction. A coaxial atrial cannula connected to a minicentrifugal pump was developed to bypass the right heart. This study was designed to test the hemocompatibility of this pump ongoing for 6 h. In five calves (bodyweight, 70.3+/-4.2 kg), the pump was inserted and set to its maximal motor speed of 7000 rpm. Blood samples were taken for blood gas analyses, hematology and chemistry on an hourly basis. ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. During the 6-h run, hematocrit and red blood cell count were stable (p=0.77 and 0.87, respectively). Platelet count was not significantly altered (p=0.55). LDH was stable (p=0.61) and plasma free hemoglobin remained below 100 mg/l throughout the experiment. Adequate tissue perfusion was maintained as reflected by the stable mixed venous oxygen saturation (baseline, 72.5+/-2%, and 6 h, 65.6+/-3.4%) and no defect of any pump system was detected during this 6-h testing. This right heart minipump appears to have a minimal impact on red cells and platelets when set at its maximal speed for 6 h, underlining the hematological safety of the system.
Abstract 1667: In vitro and in vivo validation of CSE1L/hCAS as a potential molecular target in pancreatic cancer (2011)

Abstract Background: The human cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein (hCAS) is a Ran- binding protein playing a role as mitotic spindle checkpoint regulator and as nuclear export factor. hCAS expression is frequently altered in metastatic cancers. To date the role of hCAS in pancreatic cancer is unknown. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the role of hCAS in human pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The hCAS protein expression was determined using Western immunoblotting in human pancreatic cancer cell lines (AsPc-1, BxPc-3, Capan-2, MiaPaCa-2, Panc-1, and SW1990) and immortalized normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell (HPNE) and HPNE-Kras. siRNA induced hCAS knockdown pancreatic cancer cells were compared to scrambled siRNA cells with regard to proliferative (MTT assay), cell death, cell cycle (Trypan blue and Flow cytometry), malignant transformation (colony formation assay) and protein expression (Western and confocal microscopy). hCAS KD MiaPaCa-2 cells were xenografted in SCID nude mice. Tumor growth, expression of hCAS, proliferation index (Ki-67), and caspase-3 were immunostained in tumor tissues and compared with scr siRNA MiaPaCa-2 cells. Expression of hCAS was determined in human pancreatic tumor tissues using immunohistochemical stain. Results: hCAS protein expression was low in HPNE cells compared to HPNE-Kras. Lowest expression of hCAS noted in BxPc-3 cells compared to other pancreatic cancer cells. When compared to Scr-MiaPaCa-2, KD-MiaPaCa-2 cells demonstrated lower proliferation, G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, increased apoptosis, as well as inhibition of malignant transformation. Pancreatic ductal carcinomas (PCA) were hCAS strongly positive. Normal pancreatic ducts (ND) were hCAS weakly positive. hCAS KD-MiaPaCa-2 tumor growth was retarded in mice compared to Scr-MiaPaCa-2 tumors. hCAS KD-MiaPaCa-2 tumors showed hCAS depletion, lower proliferative index, increased caspase-3 immunostaining and PARP1 cleavage. Conclusion: This is the first report of hCAS expression in human pancreatic cancer. Our data suggest that hCAS is a regulator of cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. hCAS may represent a potential chemopreventive and therapeutic target for human pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1667. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1667
Introduction (2014)

The first chapter is devoted to the traditional methods of fiber forming, which are used to produce macroscopic fibers. Since the novel methods used to form micro- and nanofibers described in this monograph have branched from the traditional methods, an introduction into the history of manmade fibers is instructive and fully appropriate (Section 1.1). There is a brief discussion of such traditional extrusion methods of fiber forming as melt spinning (Section 1.2), dry spinning (Section 1.3), wet spinning (Section 1.4) and the integrated process of spunbonding, which is used to form nonwoven fiber webs (Section 1.5). Melt and dry spinning are closely related to the electrospinning used to produce nanofibers, so the discussion of these traditional methods allows a first glimpse of electrospinning, covered in Chapter 5. One of the key elements of spunbonding is pulling polymer filaments by fast co-flowing air, which is known as meltblowing. Meltblowing, and its offshoot solution blowing, are also used to form micro- and nanofibers, as detailed in Chapter 4. In a sense, Section 1.5 serves as an introduction to the nonwoven nanofiber mats discussed later. Section 1.2 also contains some elements of quasi-one-dimensional theory; namely, its application to the draw resonance instability of melt spinning. In its more involved form a similar quasi-one-dimensional approach is applied in Chapters 3–6 to describe processes characteristic of melt- and solution blowing and electrospinning used to form micro- and nanofibers.
Engineering blood vessels and vascularized tissues: technology trends and potential clinical applications (2019)

Vascular tissue engineering has the potential to make a significant impact on the treatment of a wide variety of medical conditions, including providing <i>in vitro</i> generated vascularized tissue and organ constructs for transplantation. Since the first report on the construction of a biological blood vessel, significant research and technological advances have led to the generation of clinically relevant large and small diameter tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs). However, developing a biocompatible blood-contacting surface is still a major challenge. Researchers are using biomimicry to generate functional vascular grafts and vascular networks. A multi-disciplinary approach is being used that includes biomaterials, cells, pro-angiogenic factors and microfabrication technologies. Techniques to achieve spatiotemporal control of vascularization include use of topographical engineering and controlled-release of growth/pro-angiogenic factors. Use of decellularized natural scaffolds has gained popularity for engineering complex vascularized organs for potential clinical use. Pre-vascularization of constructs prior to implantation has also been shown to enhance its anastomosis after implantation. Host-implant anastomosis is a phenomenon that is still not fully understood. However, it will be a critical factor in determining the <i>in vivo</i> success of a TEVGs or bioengineered organ. Many clinical studies have been conducted using TEVGs, but vascularized tissue/organ constructs are still in the research & development stage. In addition to technical challenges, there are commercialization and regulatory challenges that need to be addressed. In this review we examine recent advances in the field of vascular tissue engineering, with a focus on technology trends, challenges and potential clinical applications.