gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell-mediated immune response to respiratory syncytial virus infection in owl monkeys. (1983)

The suitability of owl monkeys as experimental models to study the cellular immune response to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection was examined. Seronegative owl monkeys inoculated intranasally with RSV shed large quantities of virus and developed clinically evident upper respiratory disease. RSV infected monkeys had significant lymphoproliferative responses to RSV antigen by 4 weeks post-infection. In contrast, no positive blastogenic responses were elicited during the acute phase of illness. An in vitro 51Cr release assay was developed to study owl monkey antibody-dependent cellular cytoxicity (ADCC) against RSV infected Hep-2 cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from owl monkeys in the presence of RSV specific antibody caused lysis of RSV infected target cells. The effector cell for ADCC was found to be non-adherent to plastic. The owl monkey RSV ADCC system was found to closely parallel RSV specific ADCC observed with human effector cells. In addition, it was found that heterologous matches of human effector cells with monkey sera and monkey effector cells with human sera were equally efficient in mediating RSV specific ADCC. These studies demonstrate the value of the owl monkey as a model to study the pathogenesis or RSV infections.
Workshop report (1993)

The International Workshop on Distributed Object Management (IWDOM) was organized in Edmonton, Canada on the University of Alberta campus between August 19-21, 1992. The Workshop addressed the theory and practice of developing distributed object-oriented database management systems (OODBMS). The objective was to take note of the state-of-the-art in distributed object management technology and to identify the issues that need to be resolved. The recent developments in standards-related activities, notably the release of the CORBA specifications by the Object Management Group, contributed to the timeliness and importance of the Workshop.
New zeolite Al-COE-4: reaching highly shape-selective catalytic performance through interlayer expansion (2012)

A ferrierite-type layered aluminosilicate, Al-RUB-36, was prepared for the first time and its interlayer expansion resulted in new zeolite catalysts denoted Al-COE-3 and Al-COE-4. Decane hydroconversion tests demonstrated the highly active and shape-selective nature of the new Al-COE-4 catalyst with an unprecedented isomerization yield, highlighting the potential of this material as a hydroisomerization catalyst. This is the first report on achieving shape-selectivity via interlayer expansion.
Acute versus Chronic Myocardial Infarction: Diagnostic Accuracy of Quantitative Native T1 and T2 Mapping versus Assessment of Edema on Standard T2-weighted Cardiovascular MR Images for Differentiation (2017)

Purpose To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of native T1 and T2 mapping compared with visual and quantitative assessment of edema on T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images to differentiate between acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Materials and Methods This study had institutional ethics committee approval. Written informed consent was obtained from 67 consecutive patients (57 years ± 12; 78% men) with a first acute myocardial infarction, who were prospectively enrolled between April 2011 and June 2015. Four serial 1.5-T MR imaging examinations were performed at 8 days ± 5, 7 weeks ± 2, 3 months ± 0.5, and 6 months ± 1.4 after infarction and included T2-weighted, native T1/T2 mapping, and late gadolinium enhancement MR imaging. Complete follow-up data were obtained in 42 patients. Regional native T1/T2 relaxation time, T2-weighted ratio, and extracellular volume were serially measured in infarcted and remote myocardium. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the MR imaging parameters for discriminating between acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Results Native T1 of infarcted myocardium decreased from 1286 msec ± 99 at baseline to 1077 msec ± 50 at 6 months (P < .0001), whereas T2 decreased from 84 msec ± 10 to 58 msec ± 4 (P < .0001). The T2-weighted ratio decreased from 4.1 ± 1.0 to 2.4 ± 0.6 (P < .0001). Of all the MR imaging parameters obtained, native T1 and T2 yielded the best areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of 0.975 and 0.979, respectively, for differentiating between acute and chronic myocardial infarction. Visual analysis of the presence of edema at standard T2-weighted cardiac MR imaging resulted in an inferior AUC of 0.863 (P < .01). Conclusion Native T1 and T2 of infarcted myocardium are excellent discriminators between acute and chronic myocardial infarction and are superior to all other MR imaging parameters. Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Effect of Roughness of Low-Grammage Coated Papers on Print Quality in Color Electrophotography (2008)

The demands for high electrophotographic color print quality emphasize the importance of the paper surface. This work demonstrates the effects of the surface roughness and coating layer characteristics of low grammage coated papers on print mottle. Samples were prepared using different coating techniques, different coating formulations and different coat weights and by changing the calendering conditions to give different surface morphological properties. Print mottle was strongly dependent on substrate roughness. The impact of the surface topography was further demonstrated at different transfer voltages, and when the moisture content or resitivity of the paper was changed, where significant differences were found in print mottle especially when the paper was rough. Surface topography can be optimized by a suitable combination of surface treatment and finishing parameters to give a surface texture with good toner-recipient properties.
Notches in fibrous materials: micro-mechanisms of deformation and damage (2017)

Fibrous networks are ubiquitous structures for many natural materials, such as bones and bacterial cellulose, and artificial ones (e.g. polymer-based nonwovens). Mechanical behaviour of these networks are of interest to researchers since it deviates significantly from that of traditional materials treated usually within the framework of continuum mechanics. The main reason for this difference is a discontinuous character of networks with randomly distributed fibres (that can be also curved) resulting in complex scenarios of fibre-to-fibre interactions in the process of their deformation. This also affects a character of load transfer, characterised by spatial non-uniformity and localisation. A discontinuous nature of fibrous networks results in their non-trivial failure character and, more specifically, evolution of failure caused by notches. In order to investigate these mechanisms, various notches are introduced both into real-life specimens used in experimentation and discontinuous finite-element (FE) models specially developed (Farukh et al., 2014a; Hou et al., 2009, 2011a; Sabuncuoglu et al, 2013) to mimic the microstructure of fibrous networks. The specimens were tested under tensile loading in one of the principal directions, with FE-based simulations emulating this regime. The effect of notch shape on damage mechanisms, effective material toughness and damage patterns was investigated using the obtained experimental and numerical methods. The developed discontinuous model with direct introduction of microstructural features of fibrous networks allowed assessment of strain distribution over selected paths in them in order to obtain strain profiles in the vicinity of notch tips. Additionally, evolution of damage calculated in advanced numerical simulations demonstrated a good agreement with images from experiments.
Do insulin and the insulin like growth factors (IGFs) stimulate growth of the exocrine pancreas? (1987)

Previous in vivo studies have suggested a long term regulatory role for insulin in the exocrine pancreas. Furthermore, we reported that pancreatic acini have specific receptors for IGF I and II, and using different techniques (acid washing, trypsinisation, electron microscope autoradiography), that CCK8 reduces the internalisation of IGF II. To now directly study the long term role for IGF and insulin in the exocrine pancreas we used AR42J cells, a rat cell line that is derived from a transplantable tumour of the acinar pancreas. Hormone binding studies with 125I-labelled hormones indicated that those cells have insulin receptors, relatively fewer receptors for IGF II but in contrast with normal acini no detectable IGF I receptors. Insulin at concentrations as low as 1 nm stimulated the growth of AR42J cells, as measured by an increase in cell number, DNA and protein content. At 100 nM insulin had maximal effects stimulating the growth by about 50%. IGF I and II had only very weak growth promoting effects probably due to their interaction with the insulin receptor. Additionally insulin increased amylase synthesis over the same concentration range that it stimulated growth. But immunoprecipitation studies revealed that insulin induced a selective increase of amylase synthesis over general protein synthesis. These studies indicate, therefore, that insulin is a growth promoting hormone for AR42J cells and that additionally it seems to specifically regulate amylase synthesis. The role for the IGFs in the exocrine pancreas, however, still remains to be determined.
Crystal quality and growth evolution of aluminum nitride on silicon carbide (2006)

Abstract High quality base layer aluminum nitride films have become increasingly desirable with the advent of deep ultraviolet (&lt;280 nm) emitters for water purification, solid state lighting, and biochemical detection applications. In this study, the influence of the MOCVD growth conditions on the structural properties of aluminum nitride grown on silicon carbide, both as‐delivered and chemomechanically polished, was studied. Pre‐deposition nitridation of the SiC substrate, growth temperature, growth rate, ammonia flow (V/III ratio), and gallium surfactants were explored. Films were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X‐ray diffraction. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Differential Expression of Homing Receptor Ligands on Tumor-Associated Vasculature that Control CD8 Effector T-cell Entry (2017)

Although CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells are critical for controlling tumors, how they are recruited and home to primary and metastatic lesions is incompletely understood. We characterized the homing receptor (HR) ligands on tumor vasculature to determine what drives their expression and their role in T-cell entry. The anatomic location of B16-OVA tumors affected the expression of E-selectin, MadCAM-1, and VCAM-1, whereas the HR ligands CXCL9 and ICAM-1 were expressed on the vasculature regardless of location. VCAM-1 and CXCL9 expression was induced by IFNγ-secreting adaptive immune cells. VCAM-1 and CXCL9/10 enabled CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell effectors expressing α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>1</sub> integrin and CXCR3 to enter both subcutaneous and peritoneal tumors, whereas E-selectin enabled E-selectin ligand<sup>+</sup> effectors to enter subcutaneous tumors. However, MadCAM-1 did not mediate α<sub>4</sub>β<sub>7</sub><sup>+</sup> effector entry into peritoneal tumors due to an unexpected lack of luminal expression. These data establish the relative importance of certain HRs expressed on activated effectors and certain HR ligands expressed on tumor vasculature in the effective immune control of tumors. <i>Cancer Immunol Res; 5(12); 1062-73. ©2017 AACR</i>.
CMOS electrochemical imaging arrays for the detection and classification of microorganisms (2021)

Abstract Microorganisms account for most of the biodiversity on earth. Yet while there are increasingly powerful tools for studying microbial genetic diversity, there are fewer tools for studying microorganisms in their natural environments. In this paper, we present recent advances in CMOS electrochemical imaging arrays for detecting and classifying microorganisms. These microscale sensing platforms can provide non-optical measurements of cell geometries, behaviors, and metabolic markers. We review integrated electronic sensors appropriate for monitoring microbial growth, and present measurements of single-celled algae using a CMOS sensor array with thousands of active pixels. Integrated electrochemical imaging can contribute to improved medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring, as well as discoveries of new microbial populations.
Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of a Library of Polycyclic Small Molecules for Use in Chemical Genetic Assays (1999)

(−)-Shikimic acid, 3, was converted into both enantiomers of epoxycyclohexenol carboxylic acid, 7, which were attached to a solid support via a photocleavable linker. Tandem acylation−1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with nitrones 11a−g yielded tetracyclic templates 12a−g. After development of several efficient coupling reactions of iodobenzyl tetracycles 12b−d and completion of extensive validation protocols, a split-pool synthesis yielded a binary encoded library calculated to contain 2.18 million polycyclic compounds. These compounds are compatible with miniaturized cell-based “forward” chemical genetic assays designed to explore biological pathways and “reverse” chemical genetic assays designed to explore protein function. As a simple illustration of the potential of these compounds, several were shown to activate a TGF-β-responsive reporter gene in mammalian cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of N‐Boc‐Diamines for the Solution Phase Synthesis of Ketopiperazine Libraries Utilizing a Ugi/De‐Boc/Cyclization (UDC) Strategy. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Room-Temperature Quantitative Quantum Sensing of Lithium Ions with a Radical-Embedded Metal–Organic Framework (2022)

Recent advancements in quantum sensing have sparked transformative detection technologies with high sensitivity, precision, and spatial resolution. Owing to their atomic-level tunability, molecular qubits and ensembles thereof are promising candidates for sensing chemical analytes. Here, we show quantum sensing of lithium ions in solution at room temperature with an ensemble of organic radicals integrated in a microporous metal-organic framework (MOF). The organic radicals exhibit electron spin coherence and microwave addressability at room temperature, thus behaving as qubits. The high surface area of the MOF promotes accessibility of the guest analytes to the organic qubits, enabling unambiguous identification of lithium ions and quantitative measurement of their concentration through relaxometric and hyperfine spectroscopic methods based on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The sensing principle presented in this work is applicable to other metal ions with nonzero nuclear spin.
Carbon Addition Reduced Lag Time for 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol Degradation (2001)

The effect of grass root exudates and glucose on the lag time associated with 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (TCP) degradation by an unacclimated microbial inoculant and an acclimated microbial inoculant was investigated. The experimental medium was a nutrient solution containing TCP spiked with radiolabeled TCP and amended with either glucose or root exudates collected from fescue grass. Treatments containing TCP as the sole organic carbon source served as biotic controls. The acclimated microbial inoculant was not provided with TCP for 4 weeks prior to the experiment. The presence of an alternate organic carbon source reduced lag time for both the acclimated microbial inoculant and the unacclimated microbial inoculant. For the latter, three ratios of alternate organic carbon content to inoculant biomass were tested. The lag time for acclimation depended on this ratio. A lag time in excess of 11 days was observed for the biotic controls. The shortest lag time with the addition of an alternate organic carbon source was between 2 and 4 days for glucose and between 5 and 9 days for root exudates. It is proposed that the presence of a readily available, alternate organic carbon source affected lag time through promotion of microbial population growth and provision of a preferred source of carbon and energy.
MPEG-5: essential video coding standard (2019)

MPEG-5 Essential Video Coding Standard is currently being prepared as the video coding standard of ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group. The main goal of the EVC standard development is to provide a significantly improved compression capability over existing video coding standards with timely publication of availability terms. This paper provides an overview of the feature and the characteristics of the MPEG-5 EVC standard.
Phenolic Acid Content and Free Radical-Scavenging Activity of Two Differently Processed Carob Tree (&lt;i&gt;Ceratonia siliqua&lt;/i&gt; L.) Pod (2013)

The phenolic acids in free phenolic acid (FPHA), methanol-soluble phenolic ester (MSPE), and methanol-soluble phenolic glycoside (MSPG) fractions of two carob products, natural carob-pod flour (CPF) and commercial carob-pod flour (CCPF), were identified and quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Six phenolic acids were identified in the carob flours (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, gentisic acid, syringic acid, p- coumaric acid, and sinapic acid). Gallic acid was the major phenolic acid; and its concentrations in CCPF were substantially higher than in CPF (135 - 166 and 85.2 - 91.3 mg/g dw, respectively). The concentrations of p-coumaric acid and sinapic acid were also higher in CCPF than in CPF. In contrast, the concentrations of protocatechuic acid and gentisic acid were generally lower in CCPF than in CPF, with the only exception being gentisic acid glycosides. Both carob-pod flours contained almost the same amount of sinapic acid and syringic acid. The total phenolic contents of the FPHA, MSPE, and MSPG fractions of CPF were found to be 44%, 38%, and 69% that of the respective fractions of CCPF. Correspondingly, the FPHA, MSPE, and MSPG fractions of CCPF had higher free radical-scavenging activity (28.4%, 33.1%, and 26.2%, respectively) than the corresponding fractions of CPF (9.2%, 28.0%, and 9.2%, respectively). Notably, the FPHA and MSPG fractions of each sample had very similar scavenging activity while the MSPE fraction always had higher activity. The FPHA and MSPG fractions of CPF had the lowest activities.
CT-Scan Monitoring of Combined Chemical EOR Processes in Fractured Carbonate Cores (2016)

Abstract Almost 60% of global oil reserves are contained in carbonate reservoirs. A large number of those are naturally fractured and oil- or mixed-wet. Waterflooding efficiency is often very low for such reservoirs because of both high fracture-to-matrix permeability contrast and unfavorable wettability. The recovery of the oil trapped in the matrix is then very challenging. To enhance this recovery, several recovery mechanisms can be assessed: –capillary imbibition by using wettability modifiers,–viscous drive by imposing a pressure gradient in the fracture network,–water-oil gravity drainage by using low IFT surfactants formulation. This paper presents an experimental approach that evaluates different chemical EOR alternatives using one or several of the three previous recovery mechanisms. The experiments consist in injecting an aqueous chemical solution or a foam containing chemical additives into an artificially fractured carbonate core. The imbibition is monitored with a recent CT-scanner allowing the local quantitative monitoring of three phases, including accurate quantification of matrix oil recovery. This paper is mainly focused on the impacts of foaming agents and of wettability modifiers, implemented separately or jointly. The experiments have also been conducted on several cores of different permeability, resulting in various permeability contrasts between matrix and fracture. A major result concerns the kinetics of oil recovery by chemical additives, that is greatly increased when a viscous drive is applied across the matrix medium via the circulation of foam in the fracture. Experiments in fractured cores of different permeabilities indicate that foam does not penetrate the matrix but drives the chemical aqueous phase into the matrix due to the generated pressure gradient. Detailed analysis of oil mobilization dynamics is provided. These foam flow experiments are compared with former chemical imbibition tests on non-fractured cores, for further insight of the role played by viscous forces. The comparison of tested recovery scenarios leads to conclusions regarding optimal chemical EOR strategies for naturally-fractured carbonate reservoirs with poor secondary recovery prognosis.
Haplotype analysis of rs9275224, rs2856717, rs9275424, and rs9275596 at the HLA-DQB1/DRB1 locus. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The most common haplotype of 4 major alleles (GCAT) is used as a reference to derive odds ratios for all other haplotypes. Only common haplotypes (frequency &gt;1%) are tested for association.&lt;/p&gt;
Masked Adversarial Generation for Neural Machine Translation (2021)

Attacking Neural Machine Translation models is an inherently combinatorial task on discrete sequences, solved with approximate heuristics. Most methods use the gradient to attack the model on each sample independently. Instead of mechanically applying the gradient, could we learn to produce meaningful adversarial attacks ? In contrast to existing approaches, we learn to attack a model by training an adversarial generator based on a language model. We propose the Masked Adversarial Generation (MAG) model, that learns to perturb the translation model throughout the training process. The experiments show that it improves the robustness of machine translation models, while being faster than competing methods.