gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Packaging and interconnect technologies for the development of GaN nanowire-based light emitting diodes (2009)

c-axis oriented GaN nanowires (NWs) grown on Si(111) using nitrogen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) offer promising new approaches for realizing efficient LED technology. The nanowires grow remarkably free of defects, suggesting that eventual LED structures may operate with high quantum efficiencies. Furthermore, the dense NW morphology offers LED configurations with high light extraction efficiency compared to conventional planar LED structures. Interconnecting these vertically aligned nanowires is challenging because of their small diameters, extremely high aspect ratios, and random distributions on the substrate. We have developed novel packaging and interconnection methods by atomic layer deposition (ALD) multilayer encapsulation of the nanowires with 50 nm thick alumina layers and 40 nm thick tungsten layers. This nano-scaled multilayer also provides efficient thermal connections that are mechanically reliable. These encapsulated NWs were used as thermal test structures and the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence peak position as recorded from the portions of the nanowire protruding from the encapsulation was used to monitor the sample temperature. In principle, the internal junction-to-substrate thermal resistance of eventual NW LED structures could be reduced by 400 times by electroplating copper into the interstitial regions between the NWs. These novel packaging and interconnect technologies developed for GaN nanowire-based LEDs can be applied to many other nanowire-based microsystems.
Effects of Tip Gap Film Injection From Plain and Squealer Blade Tips (2004)

The present study investigates the effect of orthogonal tip gap film injection from a plain and squealer tip of a HPT first stage rotor blade. The pressure ratio (inlet total pressure to exit static pressure) for the cascade used was 1.2, and the experiments were run in a blow-down test rig with a four-blade stationary linear cascade. The Reynolds number based on cascade exit velocity and axial chord length was 8.61×105 and the inlet and exit Mach numbers were 0.16 and 0.55, respectively. Five holes are located along the camber line of the blade tip. A transient infrared technique was used to measure the local heat transfer coefficient and film effectiveness from a single transient test. All measurements were made for three blowing ratios of 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0. For all the cases, a small tip gap-to-blade span ratio of 0.5% was used. The squealer depth-to-blade span ratio of 4.16% was used for the squealer. Results show that the film injection has some effect for plain tips but has no effect or negligible effect for squealer tips.
Nomenclatural novelties in Pezizales. Part 2 (2021)

Three nomenclatural novelties are proposed. The first one corresponds to a change of the taxonomic position of Peziza badioides Donadini, erroneously placed in Daleomyces by us, and now combined in the genus Phylloscypha. We also propose to combine Peziza kallioi Harmaja in the latter genus. The third one is the transfer of Peziza simplex Dougoud Moyne into the genus Elaiopezia based on molecular data.
Guest Editorial Deep Packet Inspection: Algorithms, Hardware, and Applications (2014)

The thirteen articles in this special section explore the technology of deep packet inspection (DPI). DPI examines the content in packet payloads to search for signatures of network applications, signs of malicious activities, and leaks of sensitive information, rather than just examine packet headers for information such as IP addresses and port numbers. The inspection provides network devices with rich information of application protocol messages in packet payloads, and enables them to make intelligent decisions in packet processing based on the information. The papers are organized into the following four sections: (1) Scalable Algorithms and Architectures for DPI, (2) Network Traffic Analysis with DPI, (3) Network Protocol Identification with DPI, and (4) Network Security Analysis with DPI.
Discovery of 2-[1-(4,4-Difluorocyclohexyl)piperidin-4-yl]-6-fluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-4-carboxamide (NMS-P118): A Potent, Orally Available, and Highly Selective PARP-1 Inhibitor for Cancer Therapy (2015)

The nuclear protein poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) has a well-established role in the signaling and repair of DNA and is a prominent target in oncology, as testified by the number of candidates in clinical testing that unselectively target both PARP-1 and its closest isoform PARP-2. The goal of our program was to find a PARP-1 selective inhibitor that would potentially mitigate toxicities arising from cross-inhibition of PARP-2. Thus, an HTS campaign on the proprietary Nerviano Medical Sciences (NMS) chemical collection, followed by SAR optimization, allowed us to discover 2-[1-(4,4-difluorocyclohexyl)piperidin-4-yl]-6-fluoro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindole-4-carboxamide (NMS-P118, 20by). NMS-P118 proved to be a potent, orally available, and highly selective PARP-1 inhibitor endowed with excellent ADME and pharmacokinetic profiles and high efficacy in vivo both as a single agent and in combination with Temozolomide in MDA-MB-436 and Capan-1 xenograft models, respectively. Cocrystal structures of 20by with both PARP-1 and PARP-2 catalytic domain proteins allowed rationalization of the observed selectivity.
Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer and for Infections: What Is the Difference? (2012)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) was discovered over one hundred years ago when it was observed that certain dyes could kill microorganisms when exposed to light in the presence of oxygen. Since those early days, PDT has mainly been developed as a cancer therapy and as a way to destroy proliferating blood vessels. However, recently it has become apparent that PDT may also be used as an effective antimicrobial modality and a potential treatment for localized infections. This review discusses the similarities and differences between the application of PDT for the treatment of microbial infections and for cancer lesions. Type I and type II photodynamic processes are described, and the structure-function relationships of optimal anticancer and antimicrobial photosensitizers are outlined. The different targeting strategies, intracellular photosensitizer localization, and pharmacokinetic properties of photosensitizers required for these two different PDT applications are compared and contrasted. Finally, the ability of PDT to stimulate an adaptive or innate immune response against pathogens and tumors is also covered.
One-Pot Conversion of Cellulose into n-Hexane over the Ir-ReOx/SiO2 Catalyst Combined with HZSM-5 (2014)

One-pot conversion of cellulose to n-hexane was carried out over the Ir-ReOx/SiO2 (Re/Ir = 2) catalyst combined with HZSM-5 as cocatalyst in a biphasic reaction system (n-dodecane + H2O). The yield of n-hexane reached 83% from ball-milled cellulose and 78% from microcrystalline cellulose. Even using a high weight ratio of cellulose to water (1:1), a 71% yield of n-hexane could be obtained from ball-milled cellulose. The yield of n-hexane was almost maintained during three repeated tests when the catalyst was calcined again. The transformation of cellulose to n-hexane consists of the hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose via water-soluble oligosaccharides, hydrogenation of glucose to sorbitol, and successive hydrogenolysis of sorbitol to n-hexane. The Ir-ReOx/SiO2 catalyst promotes a hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis step. HZSM-5 enhanced the hydrolysis of cellulose in hot water and C–O bond hydrogenolysis activity of the Ir-ReOx/SiO2 catalyst.
Specialized Science (2014)

The weight of scientific knowledge pressures those working in specific disciplines to specialize further, following a pattern that resembles the guild system of the Middle Ages. Despite advantages such as efficiency, standard setting, and the potential for greater rigor, however, specialization carries risks of monopoly, monotony, and isolation. Science requires specialized knowledge bases that, inevitably, become too much for any individual scientist to master. Emphasizing microbiology, a field vulnerable to balkanization, we consider specialization and offer measures to mitigate its detrimental effects.
Hydrogen sulfide‐releasing NSAIDs attenuate neuroinflammation induced by microglial and astrocytic activation (2009)

Endogenously generated hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) may have multiple functions in brain. It has been shown that H(2)S attenuates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated microglia. Here we demonstrate a neuroprotective effect of NaSH and three H(2)S-releasing compounds, ADT-OH, S-diclofenac, and S-aspirin. When activated by LPS and gamma-interferon, human microglia and THP-1 cells release materials that are toxic to human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. These phenomena also occur with gamma-interferon-stimulated human astroglia and U118 cells. When these cell types are pretreated with aspirin, diclofenac, NASH, or ADT-OH, the supernatants are significantly less toxic. When they are treated with the NSAID-H(2)S hybrid molecules S-diclofenac and S-aspirin, which are here referred to as S-NSAIDs, there is a significant enhancement of the protection. The effect is concentration and incubation time dependent. Such pretreatment also reduces the release of the proinflammatory mediators TNFalpha, IL-6, and nitric oxide. The H(2)S-releasing compounds are without effect when applied directly to SH-SY5Y cells. These data suggest that hybrid H(2)S releasing compounds have significant antiinflammatory properties and may be candidates for treating neurodegenerative disorders that have a prominent neuroinflammatory component such as Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease.
Nanocellulose Films: Bacterial Nanocellulose‐Based Flexible Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Substrate (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 15/2016) (2016)

There has been an increased interest in the design, fabrication and application of flexible surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates that overcome the sample collection limitations associated with traditional rigid substrates. In article 1600214, Rajesh R. Naik, Srikanth Singamaneni, and co-workers demonstrate a novel SERS substrate based on bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) film that offers a high density of nanostructures (on surface and in subsurface regions) within the excitation laser beam and low surface roughness leading to excellent uniformity. The BNC-based SERS substrate exhibits remarkably high sensitivity and excellent uniformity compared to that based on conventional laboratory filter paper. Remarkably, owing to the flexibility of the BNC film, the novel SERS substrate can be used as a swab to collect, detect and identify bacteria from real-world surfaces such as spinach leaves.
Comparative Ocular Bioavailability and Efficacy of Topical Levofloxacin and Ofloxacin in Rabbits (2004)

Levofloxacin and ofloxacin are fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents with activity against a broad spectrum of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative ocular pathogens. Levofloxacin is the pure S‐(−) isomer of ofloxacin, and is approximately twice as active as the R‐(+) isomer. Studies were conducted to measure the pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin and ofloxacin in the cornea and aqueous humor of the intact rabbit eye and also to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the two compounds for the treatment of experimental pseudomonas keratitis. A single ocular dose of 1.5% levofloxacin to intact rabbit eyes produced average maximum concentration (Cmax) values in both cornea and aqueous humor that were approximately five times greater than that of 0.3% ofloxacin. Furthermore, concentrations of levofloxacin in corneas were maintained above the minimum inhibitory concentration 90% (MIC90) for most ocular pathogens for more than 2 hours following a single topical dose. In a rabbit model of pseudomonas keratitis, dosing rabbits for 2 days with either 1.5% levofloxacin every 2 hours, or 0.3% ofloxacin every 30 minutes, resulted in the elimination of viable pseudomonas organisms from all treated rabbits. The results of these bioavailability and efficacy studies support the concept that a less frequent dosing regimen with 1.5% levofloxacin ophthalmic solution (every 2 hours) will be as effective as dosing 0.3% ofloxacin every 30 minutes for treatment of bacterial keratitis.
A New Adaptive Aggregation Algorithm for Infinite Horizon Dynamic Programming (2001)

Dynamic programming suffers the "curse of dimensionality" when it isemployed for complex control systems. State aggregation is used to solvethe problem and acceleratecomputation by looking for a sub-optimal policy. In this paper, a new method, which converges much faster thanconventional aggregated value iteration based on TD(0), is proposed for computing the valuefunctions of theaggregated system. Preliminary results show that the new method increases thespeed of convergence impressively. Aggregation introduces errorsinevitably. An adaptive aggregation scheme employing the newcomputation method isalso proposed to reduce the aggregation errors.
PCBs in Painted Structures and Adhesives and a Novel Approach to Remediation (2007)

8 Panel F 3.46 2.65 23% 8 dup Panel F 3.21 2.87 11% 24 Panel D 3.28 2.39 27% 24 dup Panel D 3.11 2.23 28% 30 Panel H 4.16 22.82 -66%** 72 Panel B 4.18 1.79 57% 72 dup Panel B 12.35 6.54 47% 72 Panel I 4.36 2.55 41% 72 Panel K 3.69 3.03 18% 72 dup Panel K 4.17 3.52 16% 72 Panel L* 3.53 1.80 49% 72 Panel M* 2.50 1.82 27% 72 Panel N* 3.05 1.65 46% 72 Panel O 3.55 2.12 40%
Joint Coupling Design of Underactuated Grippers (2006)

This paper examines the nature of joint coupling in underactuated grippers for environments where object properties and location may not be well known. A grasper consisting of a pair of two-link planar fingers with compliant revolute joints was simulated as it was actuated after contact with a target object. The joint coupling configuration of the gripper was varied in order to maximize successful grasp range and minimize contact forces for a wide range of target object size and position. A normal distribution of object position was assumed in order to model sensing uncertainty and weight the results accordingly. The results show that proximal-distal joint torque ratios of around 0.6 produced the best results for cases in which sensory information available for the task was poor, and ratios of around 1.0 produced the best results for cases in which sensory information available for the task was good.
Application of surface polariton coupling between nano recording marks to optical data storage (2008)

We use 3-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method to investigate surface polariton coupling between two nano-recording marks which are of different shapes. The different coupling characteristics and the influence of these coupling effects on read-out reflection signal will be discussed.
An Apparatus for Applying Pure Nonconstraining Moments to Spine Segments In Vitro (1995)

Because the materials required to build this apparatus are inexpensive and the equipment needed for its operation is common in mechanical testing labs, this design may be useful for researchers interested in beginning in vitro spine flexibility testing with minimal expenditure.
Chemogenetic dissection of the primate prefronto-subcortical pathways for working memory and decision-making (2021)

The primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) is situated at the core of higher brain functions by linking and cooperating with the caudate nucleus (CD) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) via neural circuits. However, the distinctive roles of these prefronto-subcortical pathways remain elusive. Combining in vivo neuronal projection mapping with chemogenetic synaptic silencing, we reversibly dissected key pathways from PFC to the CD and MD individually in single monkeys. We found that silencing the bilateral PFC-MD projections, but not the PFC-CD projections, impaired performance in a spatial working memory task. Conversely, silencing the unilateral PFC-CD projection, but not the PFC-MD projection, altered preference in a free-choice task. These results revealed dissociable roles of the prefronto-subcortical pathways in working memory and decision-making, representing the technical advantage of imaging-guided pathway-selective chemogenetic manipulation for dissecting neural circuits underlying cognitive functions in primates.
Laser Ablative Patterning of Copoly(imide siloxane)s Generating Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2010)

Low surface energy copoly(imide siloxane)s were generated via condensation polymerization reactions. The generated materials were characterized spectroscopically, thermally, mechanically, and via contact angle goniometry. The decrease in tensile modulus and opaque appearance of copoly(imide siloxane) films indicated phase segregation in the bulk. Preferential surface partitioning of the siloxane moieties was verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and increased advancing water contact angle values (theta(A)). Pristine copoly(imide siloxane) surfaces typically exhibited theta(A) values of 111 degrees and sliding angles from 27 degrees to >60 degrees. The surface properties of these copoly(imide siloxane) films were further altered using laser ablation patterning (frequency-tripled Nd:YAG laser, 355 nm). Laser-etched square pillar arrays (25 microm pillars with 25 microm interspaces) changed theta(A) by up to 64 degrees. Theta(A) values approaching 175 degrees and sliding angles from 1 degree to 15 degrees were observed. ATR-IR spectroscopy and XPS indicated polymer chain scission reactions occurred as a result of laser ablation. Initial particle adhesion studies revealed that the copoly(imide siloxane)s outperformed the corresponding homopolyimides and that laser ablation patterning further enhanced this result.
Small signal analysis of parallel resonant converters (2002)

The small signal analysis of the conventional parallel resonant converter (PRC), operating in the continuous conduction mode, is presented. This analysis is based on the state-plane diagram approach that has been successfully applied to the steady-state analysis of resonant converters. Using the perturbation method on the steady-state trajectory, a discrete small signal model for the converter can be derived from the input voltage, controlled switching frequency, and state variable perturbations. It can be shown that this method of analysis can be applied to resonant converters in general. Using the derived small signal model, the frequency response of the PRC can be calculated. Simulated and experimental results verify the theoretical approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Foundations of envisioning (1982)

This paper explores a particular kind of qualitative reasoning, called envisioning, that is capable of producing causal explanations for device behavior. It has been implemented in a computer program, ENVISION, which can analyze a wide variety of thermal, fluid, electrical, translational and rotational devices. Rather than present the technical details of the envisioning process, this paper examines the theoretical foundations upon which it is built. Many of these considerations are ones that any builder of qualitative reasoning systems must pay attention to. Two such considerations are explanation and robustness: What notion of causality is adequate for causal explanations of device behavior? How can there be any confidence in the analysis of a novel device?
Supplementary Figure 6 from Reorganization of the 3D Genome Pinpoints Noncoding Drivers of Primary Prostate Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Assembly of structural variants involving enhancer-hijacking events.&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of high performance thermal greases for CPU package cooling applications (2005)

High performance thermal greases have been evaluated in three separate environments: ideal laboratory, in situ laboratory, and system mockup testing to better understand how bulk and interfacial thermal properties, in combination with the test vehicles used, effect the resultant thermal performance. The three methodologies are described and measurements on a baseline material reported.
Analysis of charge control in Si delta-doped field-effect transistor (1991)

The Schrödinger’s equation for two-dimensionally quantized electrons in a V-shaped well and Poisson’s equation including three-dimensional hole distribution have been self-consistently solved. Based on this model we have analyzed the charge control process at room temperature in the Si delta-doped field-effect transistors. It was found that the electron density of the channel as a function of the applied gate voltage could be well approximated by a quadratic expression. The influences of the device structure parameters on the charge control process have been studied. From the calculated gate capacitance-voltage behavior, the device performance has been estimated.
Supplementary Figures 3 - 4 from Mechanistic Contribution of Ubiquitous 15-Lipoxygenase-1 Expression Loss in Cancer Cells to Terminal Cell Differentiation Evasion (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 146KB&lt;/p&gt;
MINIMALLY INVASIVE RESECTION OF INTRAMEDULLARY EPENDYMOMA (2009)

This minimally invasive exposure is adequate for selected intramedullary lesions and may be especially useful in patients with a high risk of postlaminectomy deformity.
Potentialities of a new bimodal Xray/fluorescence tomograph within a cylindrical geometry for pre-clinical studies (2011)

An instrument dedicated to the co-registration of optical and X-ray measurements is presented: specific acquisition protocol and reconstruction software have been developed for carrying out fluorescence diffuse optical tomography in a cylindrical geometry consistent with XCT. Actual animal geometry provided by the X-ray tomography is used to give animal boundaries to the diffuse optical tomography reconstruction algorithm. To evaluate performances of this new optical imaging system, experiments have been conducted on phantoms, mice with fluorescent capillaries, and finally on mice bearing tumors. The fluorescence reconstructions are shown to be geometrically consistent with X-ray ones. We determined that the sensibility limit of the system to detect fluorescence signal over intrinsic ones is 2 pmol for lungs area and 5 pmol for the abdomen area.
FLOW CONTROL PREDICTIONS USING URANS MODELING: A PARAMETRIC STUDY (2007)

A computational study was performed for steady and oscillatory flow control over a hump model with flow separation to assess how well the steady and unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations predict trends due to Reynolds number, control magnitude, and control frequency. As demonstrated previously, the hump model case is useful because it clearly demonstrates a failing in all known turbulence models: they under-predict the turbulent shear stress in the separated region and consequently reattachment occurs too far downstream. In spite of this known failing, three different turbulence models were employed to determine if trends can be captured even though absolute levels are not. The three turbulence models behaved similarly. Overall they showed very similar trends as experiment for steady suction, but only agreed qualitatively with some of the trends for oscillatory control.