gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryogenic Controller for Electrostatically Controlled Quantum Dots in 22-nm Quantum SoC (2022)

We present a fully integrated cryogenic controller for electrostatically controlled quantum dots (QDs) implemented in a commercial 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS process and operating in a quantum regime. The QDs are realized in local well areas of transistors separated by tunnel barriers controlled by voltages applied to gate terminals. The QD arrays (QDA) are co-located with the control circuitry inside each quantum experiment cell, with a total of 28 of such cells comprising this system-on-chip (SoC). The QDA structure is controlled by small capacitive digital-to-analog converters (CDACs) and its quantum state is measured by a single-electron detector. The SoC operates at a cryogenic temperature of 3.4 K. The occupied area of each QD array is 0.7×0.4 μm, while each QD occupies only 20×80 nm. The low power and miniaturized area of these circuits are an important step on the way for integration of a large quantum core with millions of QDs, required for practical quantum computers. The performance and functionality of the CDAC are validated in a loop-back mode with the detector sensing the CDAC-compelled electron tunneling from the quantum point contact (QPC) node into the quantum structure. Position of the injected charge inside the QD array is intended to be controlled through the CDAC codes and programmable pulse width. Quantum effects are shown by an experimental characterization of charge injection and quantization into the QD array consisting of three coupled QDs. The charge can be transferred to a QD and sensed at the QPC, and this process is controlled by the relevant voltages and CDACs.
A human antibody reveals a conserved site on beta-coronavirus spike proteins and confers protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection (2022)

Broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to coronaviruses (CoVs) are valuable in their own right as prophylactic and therapeutic reagents to treat diverse CoVs and as templates for rational pan-CoV vaccine design. We recently described a bnAb, CC40.8, from a CoV disease 2019 (COVID-19) convalescent donor that exhibits broad reactivity with human β-CoVs. Here, we showed that CC40.8 targets the conserved S2 stem helix region of the CoV spike fusion machinery. We determined a crystal structure of CC40.8 Fab with a SARS-CoV-2 S2 stem peptide at 1.6-Å resolution and found that the peptide adopted a mainly helical structure. Conserved residues in β-CoVs interacted with CC40.8 antibody, thereby providing a molecular basis for its broad reactivity. CC40.8 exhibited in vivo protective efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 challenge in two animal models. In both models, CC40.8-treated animals exhibited less weight loss and reduced lung viral titers compared to controls. Furthermore, we noted that CC40.8-like bnAbs are relatively rare in human COVID-19 infection, and therefore, their elicitation may require rational structure-based vaccine design strategies. Overall, our study describes a target on β-CoV spike proteins for protective antibodies that may facilitate the development of pan-β-CoV vaccines.
An Integrated Waveguide Detector for Power Control in an InP Mach-Zehnder Modulator Based 10 Gb/s Transmitter (2006)

Integrated waveguide detector designs for optical power control in an InP Mach-Zehnder modulator based transmitter are described. By incorporating an InGaAs absorbing layer with a graded p-side hetero-junction, a power monitor that is insensitive to bias voltage, optical power and wavelength is achieved. Detailed two dimensional simulations of carrier transport under conditions of high optical power were fit to experimental data and clarify the carrier recombination mechanisms that degrade the device performance. Non-optimized versions of the power monitor have been used successfully to improve power stability in a 10 Gb/sec transmitter package, enabling a 0.2 dB power deviation over an ambient temperature range from 0 to 70degC
Direct and indirect band gaps in Ge under biaxial tensile strain investigated by photoluminescence and photoreflectance studies (2018)

Germanium is an indirect semiconductor which attracts particular interest as an electronics and photonics material due to low indirect-to-direct band separation. In this work we bend the bands of Ge by means of biaxial tensile strain in order to achieve a direct band gap. Strain is applied by growth of Ge on a lattice mismatched InGaAs buffer layer with variable In content. Band structure is studied by photoluminescence and photoreflectance, giving the indirect and direct bands of the material. Obtained experimental energy band values are compared with a $\mathbf{k}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}\mathbf{p}$ simulation. Photoreflectance spectra are also simulated and compared with the experiment. The obtained results indicate direct band structure obtained for a Ge sample with $1.94%$ strain applied, with preferable $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ valley to heavy hole transition.
Synthese des Morphan‐Gerüstes aus 4‐Acetamidocyclohexanon (1991)

Synthesis of the Morphane Skeleton from 4‐Acetamidocyclohexanone 4‐Acetamidocyclohexanone ( 1 ) was substituted via the enamine 2 to yield the estermaids 3a and 4 . By means of sodium hydride the cis isomer of the acetal 3b could be cyclized to give the 2‐azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (morphane) 5 .
Thermal inducible expression of xylose isomerase and its performance in a hollow fiber bioreactor (1989)

TheEscherichia coli xylose isomerase (EC 5.3.1.5) has been expressed under the control of a thermal inverting promotor system (att-nutL-p-att-N block) and its performance in a hollow fiber bioreactor measured. The conversion of xylose to xylulose was inversely proportional to the flow rate and the system operated up to 60°C. The maximum conversion efficiency observed was 19.05% at 55°C.
Emission Spectroscopy of Ru(bpy)2dppz2+ in Nafion. Probing the Chemical Environment in Cast Films (1996)

The incorporation of Ru(bpy)2dppz2+ (dppz = dipyrido[3,2-a:2‘,3‘-c]phenazine) into Nafion coatings was monitored in situ by electronic absorption, steady-state emission, and lifetime measurements. Whereas the aqueous loading solution does not show any luminescence (the emission of Ru(bpy)2dppz2+ in nonaqueous solvents is completely quenched by water), strong emission was detected immediately after immersion of the Nafion coating. The emission decay is triexponential, with two long-lived components (τ = 900 and 300 ns) dominating a fast decay (τ = 50 ns). Emission intensities, lifetimes, and lifetime distributions depend strongly on the loading level, owing both to self-quenching and environmental changes brought about by increases in the concentration of the complex in the film. Owing to the remarkable efficiency of excited-state deactivation attributable to dppz−H2O hydrogen bonding, Ru(bpy)2dppz2+ is an extremely sensitive probe of accessible water structures in Nafion.
Multi-Frame Feature Aggregation for Real-Time Instrument Segmentation in Endoscopic Video (2021)

Deep learning-based methods have achieved promising results on surgical instrument segmentation. However, the high computation cost may limit the application of deep models to time-sensitive tasks such as online surgical video analysis for robotic-assisted surgery. Moreover, current methods may still suffer from challenging conditions in surgical images such as various lighting conditions and the presence of blood. We propose a novel Multi-frame Feature Aggregation (MFFA) module to aggregate video frame features temporally and spatially in a recurrent mode. By distributing the computation load of deep feature extraction over sequential frames, we can use a lightweight encoder to reduce the computation costs at each time step. Moreover, public surgical videos usually are not labeled frame by frame, so we develop a method that can randomly synthesize a surgical frame sequence from a single labeled frame to assist network training. We demonstrate that our approach achieves superior performance to corresponding deeper segmentation models on two public surgery datasets.
Anti-Obesity Effect of Ginkgo Vinegar, a Fermented Product of Ginkgo Seed Coat, in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet and 3T3-L1 Preadipocyte Cells (2020)

Ginkgo seed coat is rarely used and is typically discarded, due to its offensive odor and its toxicity. Ginkgo vinegar is a fermented product of ginkgo seed coat, and fermentation removes the bad smell and most of the toxicity. Thus, ginkgo vinegar contains very low concentrations of toxic components. The present study examined the anti-obesity effect of ginkgo vinegar in mice fed a high-fat diet and its inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Ginkgo vinegar suppressed high-fat diet-induced body weight gain and reduced the size of fat cells in mice. Ginkgo vinegar suppressed the expression of C/EBPδ and PPARγ, key proteins in adipogenesis, and inhibited lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells that were induced to become adipocytes. These results suggested that ginkgo vinegar inhibited adipocyte differentiation. On the other hand, a corresponding concentration of acetic acid had significantly less effect on lipid accumulation and virtually no effect on adipogenic gene expression. These results suggested that, similar to <i>Ginkgo</i> <i>biloba</i> extract, ginkgo vinegar might prevent and improve adiposity. Therefore, ginkgo seed coat could be a useful material for medicinal ingredients.
Cu TSV Stress: Avoiding Cu Protrusion and Impact on Devices (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Cu Stress in TSV Mitigation of Cu Pumping Impact of TSVs on FEOL Devices
A high IIP2 Gilbert mixer-based downconverter design for direct-conversion WiMAX receivers (2010)

A 2.6 GHz Gilbert mixer-based downconverter RFIC is designed and implemented in a 0.15 ¿m InGaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) foundry process. A crucial goal for the design is to achieve high input second-order intercept point (IIP2) that is required in a direct-conversion WiMAX receiver. The adaptive biasing at the switching stage of this downconverter is used to compensate the unbalance of the input LO signals for improving the IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The technique presented here enhances the IIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> by 18.8 dBm without at the expense of reducing the conversion gain.
Synthèse de composites à matrice polylactide par procédé RTM (2018)

National audience
Figure S1 from Inhibiting ERK5 Overcomes Breast Cancer Resistance to Anti-HER2 Therapy By Targeting the G<sub>1</sub>–S Cell-Cycle Transition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Kaplan-Meier analyses of human HER2+ breast cancer samples show that no predictive outcome can be established from ERK1 or ERK2 expression levels.&lt;/p&gt;
Extratesticular lesions: A radiological and pathological correlation (1994)

It is often difficult to make an exact pathological diagnosis of extratesticular lesions detected on ultrasound. This study aimed to clarify the sonographic criteria required for a more accurate diagnosis by performing a correlative study of the ultrasonographic findings and pathologic diagnosis. Of the 268 scrotal ultrasound examinations with extratesticular lesions reviewed, 81 had the diagnosis confirmed on pathological or clinical grounds. The major pathological entities reviewed in the study were epididymitis, hydrocele, cystic lesions of the epididymis, post-vasectomy lesions and solid extratesticular lesions. The sonographic appearances in both acute and chronic epididymitis were reviewed. Clinical epididymitis had a typical clinical presentation and distribution confined to the epididymal tail and ductus deferens. This should allow a specific diagnosis to be made. Cystic lesions of the epididymis included true epididymal cysts and spermatoceles, but these entities were not distinguishable from each other sonographically. Late complications of vasectomy have been recognized clinically as the 'Late Post-Vasectomy Syndrome', and the pathological changes have also been described. In this study the corresponding sonographic appearances of sperm granulomata, dilated efferent ducts and spermatoceles are documented. Most solid extratesticular lesions are areas of fibrosis termed 'fibrous pseudotumours', but adenomatoid tumours and papillary cystadenomata are the most common neoplastic lesions. By obtaining pathological correlations for many sonographic extratesticular abnormalities, we have clarified a number of issues and made several new observations.
Spectral prediction model for color prints on paper with fluorescent additives (2008)

I propose a model for predicting the total reflectance of color halftones printed on paper incorporating fluorescent brighteners. The total reflectance is modeled as the additive superposition of the relative fluorescent emission and the pure reflectance of the color print. The fluorescent emission prediction model accounts for both the attenuation of light by the halftone within the excitation wavelength range and for the attenuation of the fluorescent emission by the same halftone within the emission wavelength range. The model's calibration relies on reflectance measurements of the optically brightened paper and of the solid colorant patches with two illuminants, one including and one excluding the UV components. The part of the model predicting the pure reflectance relies on an ink-spreading extended Clapper-Yule model. On uniformly distributed surface coverages of cyan, magenta, and yellow halftone patches, the proposed model predicts the relative fluorescent emission with a high accuracy (mean DeltaE(94)=0.42 under a D65 standard illuminant). For optically brightened paper exhibiting a moderate fluorescence, the total reflectance prediction improves the spectral reflectance prediction mainly for highlight color halftones, comprising a proportion of paper white above 12%. Applications include the creation of improved printer characterization tables for color management purposes and the prediction of color gamuts for new combinations of optically brightened papers and inks.
2-(Biphenyl-4-yl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one (2007)

All N and O atoms in the title structure, C20H16N2O, are involved in hydrogen bonding. The benzene rings in the biphenyl fragment are rotated with respect to each other, the angle between their planes being 11.3 (1)°.
Semiconductor cluster beams: One and two color ionization studies of Six and Gex (1985)

Supersonic beams of clusters of Si and Ge atoms have been produced by laser vaporization followed by supersonic expansion in a helium carrier. The cluster beams were characterized by F2(7.9 eV) and ArF(6.4 eV) excimer laser ionization accompanied by time-of-flight mass analysis. In addition, the feasibility of a resonant two-photon ionization (R2PI) spectroscopic study was explored by two-color experiments involving initial excitation with the second (2.36 eV) and third (3.54 eV) harmonics of the Nd:YAG followed by excimer laser ionization. All two-photon ionization processes were found to produce extensive fragmentation of the larger clusters. The observed fragmentation pattern for the silicon and germanium clusters were remarkably similar to each other, but drastically different from that seen for metal clusters in the same apparatus. Unlike metal clusters, which tend to lose one atom at a time, these semiconductor clusters appear to fragment by a fission process, the daughter ions falling almost exclusively in the size range from 6 to 11 atoms. Time delay studies in the two-color experiments established that clusters of both Si and Ge have excited electronic states with lifetimes of approximately 100 ns. This again is dramatically different from the behavior found with metal clusters, and indicates the feasibility of R2PI spectroscopy on these cold semiconductor particles. The existence of such long-lived excited states indicates that there is probably an energy gap between the band of electronic states being excited and the ground electronic state.
Biocidal polystyrene beads. III. Comparison of N‐halamine and quat functional groups (2004)

Abstract A comparison has been made between the biocidal efficacies of N ‐chlorinated polymeric beads and two derivatives of polyquat beads. Biocidal effects were measured after brief contact exposures of aqueous suspensions of either Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli to the water‐insoluble beads. The polymeric backbone was held the same in all three types of beads, so they differed only in their biocidal derivative moieties. In all cases, functionalization of crosslinked chloromethylated polystyrene beads was performed to introduce the biocidal properties. Synthetic methods and test data will be presented. The most effective biocide, as measured by degree of inactivation in the shortest contact time of the two species of bacteria, was the N ‐chlorinated hydantoinyl derivative of methylated polystyrene. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 363–367, 2004
A multi-stage MCI cancellation receiver for multicode CDMA systems (2002)

Multicode CDMA is a new transmission scheme for flexible and high-speed data communications. In a multipath environment, these intra-user multicode signals from different delay paths no longer maintain their orthogonality, thus causing significant interference, i.e. multicode interference (MCI), to each other. A multicode CDMA receiver with RAKE structure and multi-stage MCI cancellation is proposed. By pilot aided channel estimation, the MCI associated with the reference user is regenerated and subtracted from the received signal. The detailed receiver structure is presented and theoretical analysis is given to show that the system performance is significantly improved by the MCI cancellation. It is shown that the optimal cancellation factor in the k-th stage can be approximated by /spl lambda//sub opt//sup (k)//spl les/1-2P/sub e//sup (k-1)/, where P/sub e//sup (k-1)/ is the error probability of the (k-1)th stage.
Subgap characteristics of Nb/AlOx/Nb tunnel junctions with high critical current density (1995)

We have investigated subgap characteristics of Nb/AlOx/Nb tunnel junctions with high critical current density (high-J/sub c/). A good agreement of the experimental data with the solution of Werthamer's equation clearly shows that steep current steps observed at odd submultiples of the gap voltage, which cannot be explained by multiparticle tunneling and/or multiple Andreev reflection, are mainly caused by Josephson self-coupling. Our experimental results suggest that Josephson self-coupling is important to high-J/sub c/ tunnel junctions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ultrasound Image-guided Tracking Algorithm for Moving-tumor Treatment (2011)

Image‐guided technology, such as MR‐guided focused ultrasound surgery, has recently proposed as a treatment for moving‐tumor. However, the 3 Hz frame rate of MR imaging is still too slow for real‐time tracking of the tumor in motion. The fact that a 30 Hz frame rate can easily be achieved with the ultrasound imaging system makes it a very viable option. In this study, an ultrasound imaging tracking algorithm for liver tumor has been developed. The proposed ultrasound imaging tracking algorithm utilized the concepts of pattern matching, local search, and image correlation to track a pre‐specified target area in real time. In order to know the resolution of the proposed tracking algorithm, animal experiments were conducted. Three 6 degree‐of‐freedom electromagnetic tracking sensors, the 3D guidance trakSTAR, were surgically attached to the liver of anesthetized pigs. The liver motion could then be derived from the position signal from the trakSTAR sensors with a resolution of 0.5 mm. The in‐vivo experiments showed the tracking accuracy of the ultrasound‐guided tracking algorithm is better than 1 mm for moving tumors.
Improving signal-to-noise ratio in FDG parametric images by cluster analysis (2003)

The problems associated with forming parametric images from a positron emission tomography (PET) kinetic study are large noise levels in the voxel-based tissue time-activity curve (tTAC), and huge calculation times. A clustering based kinetics method is proposed for addressing these problems. In this method, voxels with the same shape are gathered and averaged before parameter estimation. Compared with an ordinal regions of interest (ROI) based non-linear parameter estimation method, parametric images with almost the same statistical reliability are obtained. In addition, the calculation time is very short (two minutes).
Study of the compound of properties of percolating and neck-based thermal underfills (2014)

Percolating and neck-based thermal underfills with significant improvements in thermal conductivity compared with capillary underfills are currently under development. They could be applied between dies to improve the heat dissipation through a 3D chip stack. In this parametric study, we provide insights into the thermal, mechanical, thermo-mechanical and electrical properties achievable by this new composite material class. The primary objective of the investigation is the linear buckling phase of monodisperse spherical filler particles confined between two parallel plates with a fill fraction range of 48.7% to 61.3% as observed by experiment. The introduction of necks between the point contacts of the filler particles had the most significant impact on the composite effective material properties, resulting in an increase in thermal conductivity, stiffness and a drop in the thermal expansion coefficient. The high stiffness could cause delamination of the underfill in chip corners because of high shear forces and hence may have to be mitigated. Finally, two design points for the composite were proposed, respecting the target values for the percolating and neck-based thermal underfill, with a predicted effective thermal conductivity of 1.9 and 3.6 W/m-K.
Directed Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Corticofugal Neurons Uncovers Heterogeneous Fezf2-Expressing Subpopulations (2013)

Understanding how neuronal diversity is achieved within the cerebral cortex remains a major challenge in neuroscience. The advent of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a model system provides a unique opportunity to study human corticogenesis in vitro and to identify the mechanisms that promote neuronal differentiation to achieve neuronal diversity in human brain. The transcription factor Fezf2 is necessary and sufficient for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons in mouse. However, its function during human corticogenesis is poorly understood. This study reports the differentiation of a hFezf2-YFP hESC reporter line into corticofugal projection neurons capable of extending axons toward the spinal cord upon transplantation into neonatal mouse brains. Additionally, we show that triple inhibition of the TGFß/BMP/Wnt-Shh pathway promotes the generation of hFezf2-expressing cells in vitro. Finally, this study unveils the isolation of two novel and distinct populations of hFezf2-YFP expressing cells reminiscent of the distinct Fezf2-expressing neuronal subtypes in the developing mouse brain. Overall our data suggest that the directed differentiation of hESCs into corticofugal neurons provides a useful model to identify the molecular mechanisms regulating human corticofugal differentiation and survival.