gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal and near-optimal spectrum sensing of OFDM signals in AWGN channels (2010)

We consider spectrum sensing of OFDM signals in an AWGN channel. For the case of completely unknown noise and signal powers, we derive a GLRT detector based on empirical second-order statistics of the received data. The proposed GLRT detector exploits the non-stationary correlation structure of the OFDM signal and does not require any knowledge of the noise power or the signal power. The GLRT detector is compared to state-of-the-art OFDM signal detectors, and shown to improve the detection performance with 5 dB SNR in relevant cases. For the case of completely known noise power and signal power, we present a brief derivation of the optimal Neyman-Pearson detector from first principles. We compare the optimal detector to the energy detector numerically, and show that the energy detector is near-optimal (within 0.2 dB SNR) when the noise variance is known. Thus, when the noise power is known, no substantial gain can be achieved by using any other detector than the energy detector.
“I Am Iron Man” (2021)

Priming is used as a way of increasing the diversity of proposals in end-user elicitation studies, but priming has not been investigated thoroughly in this context. We conduct a distributed end-user elicitation study with 167 participants, which had three priming groups: a no-priming control group, sci-fi priming, and a creative mindset group. We evaluated the gestures proposed by these groups in a distributed learnability and memorability study with 18 participants. We found that the user-elicited gestures from the sci-fi group were significantly faster to learn, requiring an average of 1.22 viewings to learn compared to 1.60 viewings required to learn the control gestures, and 1.56 viewings to learn the gestures elicited from the creative mindset group. In addition, both primed gesture groups had higher memorability with 80% of the sci-fi-primed gestures and 73% of the creative mindset group gestures were recalled correctly after one week without practice compared to 43% of the control group gestures.
Cryopreservation (2009)

In 1949 Polge, Parks and Smith1 reported on the “chance” discovery of glycerol's cryoprotective function during their efforts to preserve avian spermatozoa in the frozen state. In the following yea...
Measurement of beam properties and reproducibility on recent PBFA II target shots (1992)

Recent proton experiments on Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II used a 2 μm gold foil cone to characterize the ion beam. Using the ion beam images obtained by viewing beam-induced characteristic line radiation emitted by such foils with time-integrated x-ray pinhole cameras, the beam centroid axial location and azimuthal symmetry have been analyzed for a recent series of target shots. Azimuthal symmetry on the target midplane on individual shots varied from 6% to 29%. Averaged over the entire series of shots, inferred intensities on the target midplane varied by 24% to 37% from quadrant to quadrant. The beam profiles and beam reproducibility are vital to the interpretation of the results of these target experiments.
Premixed Pilot Flames for Improved Emissions and Flexibility in a Heavy Duty Gas Turbine Combustion System (2015)

Operators of heavy duty gas turbines desire more flexibility of operation in compliance with increasingly stringent emissions regulations. Delivering low NOx at base load operation, while at the same time meeting aggressive startup, shutdown, and part load requirements for NOx, CO, and unburned hydrocarbons is a challenge that requires novel solutions in the framework of lean premixed combustion systems. The DLN2.6+ combustion system, first offered by the General Electric Company (GE) in 2005 on the 9F series gas turbines for the 50 Hz market, has a proven track record of low emissions, flexibility, and reliability. In 2010, GE launched a program to incorporate the DLN2.6+ into the 7F gas turbine model. The primary driver for the introduction of this combustion system into the 60 Hz market was to enable customers to capitalize on opportunities to use shale gas, which may have a greater Wobbe range and higher reactivity than traditional natural gas. The 7F version of the DLN2.6+ features premixed pilot flames on the five outer swirl-stabilized premixing fuel nozzles (“swozzles”). The premixed pilots have their roots in the multitube mixer technology developed by GE in the US Department of Energy Hydrogen Gas Turbine Program. A fraction of air is extracted prior to entering the combustor and sent to small tubes around the tip of the fuel nozzle centerbody. A dedicated pilot fuel circuit delivers the gas fuel to the pilot tubes, where it is injected into the air stream and given sufficient length to mix. Since the pilot flames are premixed, they contribute lower NOx emissions than a diffusion pilot, but can still provide enhanced main circuit flame stability at low-load conditions. The pilot equivalence ratio can be optimized for the specific operating conditions of the gas turbine. This paper presents the development and validation testing of the premixed pilots, which were tested on E-class and F-class gas turbine combustion system rigs at GE Power &amp; Water’s Gas Turbine Technology Lab. A 25% reduction in NOx emissions at nominal firing temperature was demonstrated over a diffusion flame pilot, translating into more than 80% reduction in CO emissions if increased flame temperature is employed to hold constant NOx. On the new 7F DLN2.6+, the premixed pilots have enabled modifications to the system to reduce base load NOx emissions while maintaining similar gas turbine low-load performance and bringing a significant reduction in the combustor exit temperature at which LBO occurs, highlighting the stability the pilot system brings to the combustor without the NOx penalty of a diffusion pilot. The new combustion system is scheduled to enter commercial operation on GE 7F series gas turbines in 2015.
A Study of Tool Path Generation for Machining of Precision Roller with Wavy Patterned Microstructures by Slow Tool Servo (2016)

Embossing by patterned rollers is one of the most efficient machining approaches for manufacturing plastic films with patterned microstructures, and the precision roller with patterned microstructures is the key tooling component in the roll-to-roll process. Single-point diamond turning with a slow or fast tool servo is an enabling and efficient ultra-precision machining process to fabricate microstructures through a simple process to achieve optical surface finish directly. Most of the current studies on slow or fast tool servo machining processes either focus on face machining of patterned microstructures, or on tool servo machining of microstructures in the radial direction of precision rollers. Relatively little research work is found in relation to machining patterned microstructures on a precision roller by using the tool servo in the axial direction. This paper presents a pilot study on the development of a tool path generator for machining precision rollers with wavy patterned microstructures by using slow tool servo machining in the axial direction on a precision roller. The machining mechanism is firstly explained, based on which the tool path generator is developed for machining wavy patterned microstructures on a precision roller surface. Preliminary experimental work was conducted to study the generation of wavy patterned microstructures on a precision roller using a four-axis ultra-precision machine. The machined wavy microstructures on the roller surface are measured and analyzed to successfully validate the performance of the proposed tool path generator.
Evidence for a Novel, Strongly Bound Acto−S1 Complex Carrying ADP and Phosphate Stabilized in the G680V Mutant ofDictyosteliumMyosin II (2002)

Gly 680 of Dictyostelium myosin II sits at a critical position within the reactive thiol helices. We have previously shown that G680V mutant subfragment 1 largely remains in strongly actin-bound states in the presence of ATP. We speculated that acto-G680V subfragment 1 complexes accumulate in the A.M.ADP.P(i) state on the basis of the biochemical phenotypes conferred by mutations which suppress the G680V mutation in vivo [Wu, Y., et al. (1999) Genetics 153, 107-116]. Here, we report further characterization of the interaction between actin and G680V subfragment 1. Light scattering data demonstrate that the majority of G680V subfragment 1 is bound to actin in the presence of ATP. These acto-G680V subfragment 1 complexes in the presence of ATP do not efficiently quench the fluorescence of pyrene-actin, unlike those in rigor complexes or in the presence of ADP alone. Kinetic analyses demonstrated that phosphate release, but not ATP hydrolysis or ADP release, is very slow and rate limiting in the acto-G680V subfragment 1 ATPase cycle. Single turnover kinetic analysis demonstrates that, during ATP hydrolysis by the acto-G680V subfragment 1 complex, quenching of pyrene fluorescence significantly lags the increase of light scattering. This is unlike the situation with wild-type subfragment 1, where the two signals have similar rate constants. These data support the hypothesis that the main intermediate during ATP hydrolysis by acto-G680V subfragment 1 is an acto-subfragment 1 complex carrying ADP and P(i), which scatters light but does not quench the pyrene fluorescence and so has a different conformation from the rigor complex.
Optimization of cDNA-AFLP experiments using genomic sequence data (2005)

We used the available genomic sequence information to optimize cDNA-AFLP experiments beforehand so that as many transcripts as possible could be profiled with a given amount of resources. Optimization of the selection of both restriction enzymes and selective primers for cDNA-AFLP experiments has not been performed previously. The in silico tests performed suggest that substantial amounts of resources can be saved by the optimization of cDNA-AFLP experiments.
( S )‐(+)‐Neomenthyldiphenylphosphine in Nickel‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and Aldehydes: Enantioselective Synthesis of Allylic Alcohols and α‐Hydroxy Ketones (2006)

Abstract Ni(cod)2 ( S )‐(+)‐Neomenthyldiphenylphosphine Triethylborane Dimethylimidizolidinone 1‐Phenyl‐1‐butyne ( R )‐( E )‐2‐Benzylidiene‐1‐cyclohexyl‐butan‐1‐ol ( R )‐Butan‐2‐one Dimethylsulfide
Audio Projection (2010)

The parametric loudspeaker provides an effective means of projecting sound in a highly directional manner without using large loudspeaker arrays to form sharp directional beams. It can be augmented with conventional loudspeakers to create a more immersive audio soundscape. Deployment of parametric loudspeakers in many public places where private messaging can make a difference in attracting attention, conveying messages without needing headphones, and creating private listening zones to reduce noise pollution. Digital signal processing plays a significant role in enhancing the aural quality of the parametric loudspeakers, and array processing can help to shape and steer the beam electronically. In addition, other signal processing techniques can also be applied to add more flexibility and improve the performance of parametric loudspeakers. These developments rely heavily on the latest techniques in acoustics and audio signal processing to overcome some of the current limitations in nonlinear acoustics modeling and ultrasonic transducers' technology. A useful feature in sound projection is to realize a highaccuracy digital beamsteering capability in air using an array of parametric loudspeakers. An in-depth study into the theoretical model of wave steering capability in parametric array in air can provide some hints on how we can best steer the demodulated signal in an efficient manner. As seen from this article, digital signal processing provides the main engine to achieve directional sound projection, and new digital processing techniques will be devised to provide a better quality, controllable audio beaming, and efficient sound focusing device in the future.
Mobility Practices and DMM Gap Analysis (2012)

This document describes practices for the deployment of existing
mobility protocols in a distributed mobility management environment,
and identifies the limitations in the current practices with respect
to providing the expected functionality. The practices description
and gap analysis are performed for IP-based mobility protocols,
dividing them into two main solution families: client- and network-
based.
Reproducing Applause-Type Signals with Directional Audio Coding (2011)

Applause-type signals are known to be challenging for parametric multichannel coding and spatial audio reproduction techniques. This phenomenon is investigated in the context of directional audio coding (DirAC), and it is found that the artifacts originate from the decorrelator processing of the transients of individual handclaps at the decoder. Commonly the decorrelation causes temporal smearing of the transients, producing prominent artifacts. It is shown that very good audio quality can be obtained with applause signals if the temporal resolution in encoding is high enough to analyze each distinct handclap in the signal separately. An implementation of DirAC for the reproduction of surround sound is shown, which is fine-tuned with special focus on applause signals. In addition the results from formal listening tests showing the subjective quality obtained with two well-known applause recordings are presented.
Guidelines for the content and format of PET brain data in publications and archives: A consensus paper (2020)

It is a growing concern that outcomes of neuroimaging studies often cannot be replicated. To counteract this, the magnetic resonance (MR) neuroimaging community has promoted acquisition standards and created data sharing platforms, based on a consensus on how to organize and share MR neuroimaging data. Here, we take a similar approach to positron emission tomography (PET) data. To facilitate comparison of findings across studies, we first recommend publication standards for tracer characteristics, image acquisition, image preprocessing, and outcome estimation for PET neuroimaging data. The co-authors of this paper, representing more than 25 PET centers worldwide, voted to classify information as mandatory, recommended, or optional. Second, we describe a framework to facilitate data archiving and data sharing within and across centers. Because of the high cost of PET neuroimaging studies, sample sizes tend to be small and relatively few sites worldwide have the required multidisciplinary expertise to properly conduct and analyze PET studies. Data sharing will make it easier to combine datasets from different centers to achieve larger sample sizes and stronger statistical power to test hypotheses. The combining of datasets from different centers may be enhanced by adoption of a common set of best practices in data acquisition and analysis.
Clinical utility of the Revised International Staging System in unselected patients with newly diagnosed and relapsed multiple myeloma (2017)

We analyzed the utility of Revised International staging system (RISS) in an unselected cohort of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM; cohort 1), and relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM; cohort 2) patients. Cohort 1 included 1900 patients seen within 90 days of diagnosis, from 2005 to 2015, while cohort 2 had 887 patients enrolled in 23 clinical trials at Mayo Clinic. The overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) was calculated from the time since diagnosis or trial registration. The median estimated follow up was 5 and 2.3 years for Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Among 1067 patients evaluable in Cohort 1, the median OS and PFS was 10 and 2.8 years for RISS stage I, 6 and 2.7 years for RISS stage II and 2.6 and 1.3 years for RISS stage III (P<0.0001). Among 456 patients evaluable in Cohort 2, the median OS and PFS was 4.3 and 1.1 years for RISS stage I, 2 and 0.5 years for RISS stage II and 0.8 and 0.2 years for RISS stage III (P<0.0001). In conclusions, RISS gives a better differentiation of NDMM as well as RRMM patients into three survival subgroups and should be used to stratify patients in future clinical trials.
Dynamic B0 Shimming for Multi-Slice Metabolite Mapping at Ultra-High Field in the Human Brain: Very High Order Spherical Harmonics vs. Multi-Coil (2018)

In this work, we evaluated the performance of two B0 shimming approaches (i.e. a very high order spherical harmonic shim system versus a multi-coil shim setup), for dynamic shimming in the context of high resolution and multi-slice metabolite mapping of the human brain at 9.4T.
An investigation of enzyme mechanisms using substrate analogues (1980)

The synthesis of several fluorinated analogues of thiamine and precursors has been undertaken, all of which exhibit weak activity against <em>E.Coli</em>. A route to 3-fluoro-(<em>R</em>)-alanine has been explored. The first synthesis of the enantiomeric fluorosuccinic acids has been accomplished, and a stereochemical analysis has shown that synthesis <em>via</em> esterified malate precursors using diethylamino- sulphurtrifluoride gives <em>inversion</em> of configuration, whereas prep- aration <em>via</em> aspartic acid and polyhydrogen fluoride in pyridine gives <em>retention</em> of configuration. The circular dichroism spectra of the fluorosuccinic acids are anomalous, being the first example of such behaviour in a-substituted carboxylic acids and derivatives. A previously assigned configuration of a <em>Pseudomonal</em> metabolite ( + )- fluorosuccinic acid has been corrected. The fluorosuccinic acids are not substrates for malic enzyme, but are potent inhibitors of fumarase. Using (2<em>S</em>)-fluorosuccinic acid as a mechanistic probe the fumarase reaction is identified as a bimolecular E2 elimination. A stereochemical analysis of enzymic phosphoryl transfer reactions using CD spectroscopy has been investigated, and a new synthesis of inorganic pyrophosphate used to prepare P<sub>1</sub>=[(<em>S</em>)- <sup>16</sup>0, <sup>17</sup>0, <sup>18</sup>0]-pyrophosphate whose <sup>31</sup>P n.m.r. spectrum is discussed. The first example of 31 p- 17 o coupling as observed by 31 P n.m.r. is demonstrated.- The magnitude of the <sup>31</sup>P- <sup>18</sup>0 isotope shift is dependent on the nature of the phosphorus to oxygen bond. An elegant method for establishing the isotopic configuration of oxygen chiral phosphates by n.m.r. has been developed, requiring the synthesis of <em>D</em>-glucose-6[(<em>S</em>) - <sup>16</sup>0, <sup>17</sup>0, <sup>18</sup>0]-phosphate, adenosine-5'- [(<em>S</em>)- <sup>16</sup>0, <sup>17</sup>0, <sup>18</sup>0]-phosphate, and their six membered cyclic phosphate triesters. Chemical cyclisation of these molecules occurs both with <em>racemisation</em> and <em>inversion</em> of configuration at phosphorus. The chemical synthesis of adenosine-5'[ (<em>S</em>) - <sup>16</sup>0, <sup>17</sup>0, <sup>18</sup>0]- triphosphate has been achieved and exploited to demonstrate that hexokinase phosphoryl transfer proceeds with <em>inversion</em> of config- uration at phosphorus. Pyruvate kinase phosphoryl transfer from 2 [(<em>S</em>)- <sup>16</sup>0, <sup>17</sup>0, <sup>18</sup>0]-phospho- (<em>R</em>)-glycerate also proceeds with <em>inversion</em> of configuration, as does phosphofructokinase phosphoryl transfer from <em>sn</em>-glycerol-3[ (5)- <sup>16</sup>0, <sup>17</sup>0, <sup>18</sup>0]-phosphate.
Force distribution in a granular medium (1998)

We report on systematic measurements of the distribution of normal forces exerted by granular material under uniaxial compression onto the interior surfaces of a confining vessel. Our experiments on three-dimensional, random packings of monodisperse glass beads show that this distribution is nearly uniform for forces below the mean force and decays exponentially for forces greater than the mean. The shape of the distribution and the value of the exponential decay constant are unaffected by changes in the system preparation history or in the boundary conditions. An empirical functional form for the distribution is proposed that provides an excellent fit over the whole force range measured and is also consistent with recent computer simulation data.
ChemInform Abstract: Quenching Spin Diffusion in Transferred Overhauser Studies and Detection of Octupolar Order in Gaseous 131Xenon (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Towards real-time QRS feature extraction for wearable monitors (2016)

The ability to generate computationally compact ECG analysis algorithms is of interest in the field of wearable physiologic monitors. Such remote monitors necessarily have limited on-board energy storage and therefore lack the computational power and physical memory often required for academic study of physiologic waveforms. Herein we evaluate a set of algorithms with markedly different computation and memory footprints useful in extracting QRS complexes from synthetically generated noisy and measured ECG signals. A small memory and computational footprint Short Time Fourier Transform ECG analysis algorithm is demonstrated to have similar sensitivity and specificity to a more complex but highly accurate Stockwell Transform.
Defects of full-length dystrophin trigger retinal neuron damage and synapse alterations by disrupting functional autophagy (2020)

Dystrophin (dys) mutations predispose Duchenne muscular disease (DMD) patients to brain and retinal complications. Although different dys variants, including long dys products, are expressed in the retina, their function is largely unknown. We investigated the putative role of full-length dystrophin in the homeostasis of neuro-retina and its impact on synapsis stabilization and cell fate. Retinas of mdx mice, the most used DMD model which does not express the 427-KDa dys protein (Dp427), showed overlapped cell death and impaired autophagy. Apoptotic neurons in the outer plexiform/inner nuclear layer and the ganglion cell layer had an impaired autophagy with accumulated autophagosomes. The autophagy dysfunction localized at photoreceptor axonal terminals and bipolar, amacrine, and ganglion cells. The absence of Dp427 does not cause a severe phenotype but alters the neuronal architecture, compromising mainly the pre-synaptic photoreceptor terminals and their post-synaptic sites. The analysis of two dystrophic mutants of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, the homozygous Dys<sup>E17</sup> and Dys<sup>EP3397</sup>, lacking functional large-isoforms of dystrophin-like protein, revealed rhabdomere degeneration. Structural damages were evident in the internal network of retina/lamina where photoreceptors make the first synapse. Both accumulated autophagosomes and apoptotic features were detected and the visual system was functionally impaired. The reactivation of the autophagosome turnover by rapamycin prevented neuronal cell death and structural changes of mutant flies and, of interest, sustained autophagy ameliorated their response to light. Overall, these findings indicate that functional full-length dystrophin is required for synapsis stabilization and neuronal survival of the retina, allowing also proper autophagy as a prerequisite for physiological cell fate and visual properties.