gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Spermatogenesis In Vitro in Three-Dimensional Culture from Spermatogonial Cells of Busulfan-Treated Immature Mice (2018)

Aggressive chemotherapy may lead to permanent male infertility. Prepubertal males do not generate sperm, but their testes do contain spermatogonial cells (SPGCs) that could be used for fertility preservation. In the present study, we examined the effect of busulfan (BU) on the SPGCs of immature mice, and the possible induction of the survivor SPGCs to develop spermatogenesis in 3D in-vitro culture. Immature mice were injected with BU, and after 0.5⁻12 weeks, their testes were weighed and evaluated histologically compared to the control mice. The spermatogonial cells [Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) and VASA (a member of the DEAD box protein family) in the testicular tissue were counted/seminiferous tubule (ST). The cells from the STs were enzymatically isolated and cultured in vitro. Our results showed a significant decrease in the testicular weight of the BU-treated mice compared to the control. This was in parallel to a significant increase in the number of severely damaged STs, and a decrease in the number of SALL4 and VASA/STs compared to the control. The cultures of the isolated cells from the STs of the BU-treated mice showed a development of colonies and meiotic and post-meiotic cells after four weeks of culture. The addition of homogenates from adult GFP mice to those cultures induced the development of sperm-like cells after four weeks of culture. This is the first study demonstrating the presence of biologically active spermatogonial cells in the testicular tissue of BU-treated immature mice, and their capacity to develop sperm-like cells in vitro.
New Heterogenized Gold(I)‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes as Reusable Catalysts in Hydrogenation and Cross‐Coupling Reactions (2006)

Abstract Mononuclear unsymmetrical N‐heterocyclic carbene‐gold complexes and the corresponding solid catalysts in which a gold‐carbene complex has been immobilized on silica gel, ordered mesoporous silica (MCM‐41), and delaminated zeolite (ITQ‐2) have been prepared. These new catalysts have been tested in the hydrogenation of alkenes and the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction to afford selectively non‐symmetrical biaryls. These reactions were studied with the soluble as well as with the heterogenized counterpart catalysts. The high accessibility introduced by the structure of the supports allows the preparation of highly efficient immobilized catalysts with TOFs up to 400 h −1 . Moreover, the heterogenized complexes were reused and no deactivation of the catalysts can be observed.
Estimation and analysis of 3-D chromosome motion (1995)

The mechanical properties of chromosomes in vivo are at present poorly characterized, yet an understanding of such properties is likely to be important for understanding both the behavior of chromosomes during mitosis as well as the establishment and maintenance of specific chromosome configurations in the nucleus. In order to better investigate the mechanics of chromosomes inside living cells we have developed algorithms for quantitative analysis of chromosome motion. This allows us to directly determine chromosome mobility, and to visualize the trajectories of specific regions, such as telomeres or centromeres. Previously developed tools for analysis of 3D structure can then be extended to 4 dimensions, allowing quantitative description of chromosome behavior. The motion vector field itself can also be analyzed for specific patterns of motion. Three dimensional motion estimation is difficult in fluorescence microscopic images, due to limited spatial resolution, particularly in the axial direction, which result in a significant aperture problem because each part of a chromosome looks identical to any other part of any other chromosome, such that intensity patterns are not useful in motion estimation.
An Efficient General-Purpose Modular Vision Model via Multi-Task Heterogeneous Training (2023)

We present a model that can perform multiple vision tasks and can be adapted to other downstream tasks efficiently. Despite considerable progress in multi-task learning, most efforts focus on learning from multi-label data: a single image set with multiple task labels. Such multi-label data sets are rare, small, and expensive. We say heterogeneous to refer to image sets with different task labels, or to combinations of single-task datasets. Few have explored training on such heterogeneous datasets. General-purpose vision models are still dominated by single-task pretraining, and it remains unclear how to scale up multi-task models by leveraging mainstream vision datasets designed for different purposes. The challenges lie in managing large intrinsic differences among vision tasks, including data distribution, architectures, task-specific modules, dataset scales, and sampling strategies. To address these challenges, we propose to modify and scale up mixture-of-experts (MoE) vision transformers, so that they can simultaneously learn classification, detection, and segmentation on diverse mainstream vision datasets including ImageNet, COCO, and ADE20K. Our approach achieves comparable results to single-task state-of-the-art models and demonstrates strong generalization on downstream tasks. Due to its emergent modularity, this general-purpose model decomposes into high-performing components, efficiently adapting to downstream tasks. We can fine-tune it with fewer training parameters, fewer model parameters, and less computation. Additionally, its modularity allows for easy expansion in continual-learning-without-forgetting scenarios. Finally, these functions can be controlled and combined to meet various demands of downstream tasks.
High-resolution crystal structure of the intramolecular d(TpA) thymine-adenine photoadduct and its mechanistic implications (2007)

A high-resolution crystal structure is reported for d(TpA)*, the intramolecular thymine-adenine photoadduct that is produced by direct ultraviolet excitation of the dinucleoside monophosphate d(TpA). It confirms the presence of a central 1,3-diazacyclooctatriene ring linking the remnants of the T and A bases, as previously deduced from heteronuclear NMR measurements by Zhao et al. (The structure of d(TpA)*, the major photoproduct of thymidylyl-(3'-5')-deoxyadenosine. Nucleic Acids Res., 1996, 24, 1554-1560). Within the crystal, the d(TpA)* molecules exist as zwitterions with a protonated amidine fragment of the eight-membered ring neutralizing the charge of the internucleotide phosphate monoanion. The absolute configuration at the original thymine C5 and C6 atoms is determined as 5S,6R. This is consistent with d(TpA)* arising by valence isomerization of a precursor cyclobutane photoproduct with cis-syn stereochemistry that is generated by [2 + 2] photoaddition of the thymine 5,6-double bond across the C6 and C5 positions of adenine. This mode of photoaddition should be favoured by the stacked conformation of adjacent T and A bases in B-form DNA. It is probable that the primary photoreaction is mechanistically analogous to pyrimidine dimerization despite having a much lower quantum yield.
Massive MIMO With Spatially Correlated Rician Fading Channels (2019)

This paper considers multi-cell massive multiple-input multiple-output systems, where the channels are spatially correlated Rician fading. The channel model is composed of a deterministic line-of-sight path and a stochastic non-line-of-sight component describing a practical spatially correlated multipath environment. We derive the statistical properties of the minimum mean squared error (MMSE), element-wise MMSE, and least-square channel estimates for this model. Using these estimates for maximum ratio combining and precoding, rigorous closed-form uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) achievable spectral efficiency (SE) expressions are derived and analyzed. The asymptotic SE behavior, when using the different channel estimators, are also analyzed. The numerical results show that the SE is higher when using the MMSE estimator than that of the other estimators, and the performance gap increases with the number of antennas.
The Biomechanical Evaluation of Four Fixation Techniques for Proximal Biceps Tenodesis (2005)

The data serve as a guide to the surgeon performing a proximal biceps tenodesis in choosing a fixation method.
Projekt: Metoder för strukturell optimering av styrning i massatillverkning - MeSTA (2008)

Styrsystemen i bruken bestar av tusentals reglerloopar och det ar svart att fa en helhetssyn, och forsta de komplicerade sambanden mellan de olika processtegen. Med de nya verktygen blir det mojlig ...
Novel parametric PET image quantification using texture and shape analysis (2012)

Kinetic parameter estimation at the individual voxel level has the powerful ability to represent both spatial distributions and quantitative physiological parameters of interest. In practice, parametric images are commonly quantified by computing mean values for specified ROIs. Nonetheless, the mean operator vastly oversimplifies the available spatial uptake information. It may be hypothesized that a given tracer will exhibit increasingly differential or heterogeneous uptake due to disease: subsequently, we have implemented and explored a comprehensive texture and shape analysis framework wherein extensive information is generated from parametric PET images, through: (1) 3D moment invariants analysis, (2) intensity histogram analysis, (3) gray-level spatial-dependence (GLSD) analysis, and (4) neighborhood gray tone difference (NGTD) analysis. In the present work, we applied this approach to imaging of 11C-DPA-713, a novel PET ligand with high binding to the translocator protein (TSPO), a marker of neuroinflammation. In particular, for tracers such as DPA with relatively wide-spread uptake, where a reliable reference tissue does not exist, quantification of heterogeneity may provide additional valuable information. Our center has been the first to perform DPA PET studies in humans, and is gathering a large collection of PET studies; e.g. subjects with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), traumatic brain injury (TBI; former NFL players), along with young and elderly controls. Our preliminary analysis has revealed that, compared to conventional mean ROI analysis, a number of metrics in the proposed framework yield enhanced discrimination (as measured using AUC) between patients vs. controls in a range of ROIs, in TBI as well as SLE vs. controls, consistent with increased heterogeneity of uptake with disease, though in the case of SLE this can be, at least partly, attributed to changes in ROI shapes. Overall, the proposed framework has the potential to bring about a new quantification paradigm in parametric imaging.
Snapshot 2D tomography via coded aperture x-ray scatter imaging (2013)

This paper describes a fan beam coded aperture x-ray scatter imaging system that acquires a tomographic image from each snapshot. This technique exploits the cylindrical symmetry of the scattering cross section to avoid the scanning motion typically required by projection tomography. We use a coded aperture with a harmonic dependence to determine range and a shift code to determine cross range. Here we use a forward-scatter configuration to image 2D objects and use serial exposures to acquire tomographic video of motion within a plane. Our reconstruction algorithm also estimates the angular dependence of the scattered radiance, a step toward materials imaging and identification.
Silicon heterojunction cells with improved spectral response using n-type µc-Si from a novel PECVD approach (2018)

One of the promising ways to increase the efficiency of silicon heterojunction (SHJ) cells is to replace the doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) contact layer by doped hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (µc-Si:H) which has better suited opto-electrical properties. In this work, we report on the development of a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition process for µc-Si:H. We demonstrate an n-type µc-Si:H layer with high crystalline fraction and low parasitic absorption. The developed layer is implemented as the front electron contact of a SHJ cell. A significant improvement in Jsc of 0.9 mA/cm2 is achieved on device level while maintaining high VOC values (>725 mV), leading to an efficiency of 20.6% for the best cell. Cell efficiency is limited by a decreased FF which is attributed to the increased sensitivity of µc-Si:H layers to ITO sputtering damage.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Isoacronycine and Its Derivatives (2002)

Condensation of N-methyl-1,3-dihydroxyacridone with 3-methyl-2-butenal led selectively to norisoacronycine, which upon methylation gave isoacronycine. Functionalization of the 1,2 double bond of isoacronycine led to derivatives with reduced cytotoxicity compared with the corresponding ones deriving from acronycine. Two very interesting exceptions were 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroisoacronycine (14) and its acetate (16), which showed strong induction of apoptosis.
A novel neck brace to characterize neck mobility impairments following neck dissection in head and neck cancer patients (2021)

This brace may serve as a simple but useful tool in the clinic to document head-neck RoM changes in patients undergoing ND. Such a characterization may help clinicians evaluate the surgical procedure and guide the recovery of patients.
High‐Rate Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Al‐Doped LiNiO2 (2015)

LiNi0.8 Al0.2 O2 with a higher Ni(3+) /Li(+) ordering, synthesized by the solution-combustion method, gives oxygen-evolution-reaction (OER) activity in alkaline solution that is comparable to that of IrO2 . This confirms that the octahedral-site Ni(IV) /Ni(III) couple in an oxide is an active redox center for the OER with -redox energy pinned at the top of the O-2p bands.
Encapsulation Using Porous Microspheres (2001)

Encapsulation can be broadly deﬁned as the formation of small, spherical particles that incorporate an active agent. The ﬁrst commercial application of encapsulation was by the National Cash Register Company, who developed an improved copying paper using two dyes that were coated with a clay. When these capsules were ruptured by the application of pressure, a colored imprint was produced. This successful application triggered other uses in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, oil industries, food industries, and consumer products [1].
On the performance of digital back-propagation for imperfect knowledge of link design (2015)

Digital back-propagation (DBP) was shown to have the potential to become the most promising method for compensation of fiber nonlinearities. However, apart from its high computational effort, the performance of DBP is dependent on the knowledge of the transmission link, i.e. the link's dispersion map as well as its power profile. In this contribution, we investigate the performance of DBP under the assumption of an imperfect link-design knowledge, and discuss its implications in an optical network scenario.
Dynamics of Electrochemical Lithiation/Delithiation of Graphene-Encapsulated Silicon Nanoparticles Studied by In-situ TEM (2014)

The incorporation of nanostructured carbon has been recently reported as an effective approach to improve the cycling stability when Si is used as high-capacity anodes for the next generation Li-ion battery. However, the mechanism of such notable improvement remains unclear. Herein, we report in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies to directly observe the dynamic electrochemical lithiation/delithiation processes of crumpled graphene-encapsulated Si nanoparticles to understand their physical and chemical transformations. Unexpectedly, in the first lithiation process, crystalline Si nanoparticles undergo an isotropic to anisotropic transition, which is not observed in pure crystalline and amorphous Si nanoparticles. Such a surprising phenomenon arises from the uniformly distributed localized voltage around the Si nanoparticles due to the highly conductive graphene sheets. It is observed that the intimate contact between graphene and Si is maintained during volume expansion/contraction. Electrochemical sintering process where small Si nanoparticles react and merge together to form large agglomerates following spikes in localized electric current is another problem for batteries. In-situ TEM shows that graphene sheets help maintain the capacity even in the course of electrochemical sintering. Such in-situ TEM observations provide valuable phenomenological insights into electrochemical phenomena, which may help optimize the configuration for further improved performance.
Phase-conjugate mirror for water waves driven by the Faraday instability (2019)

The Faraday instability appears on liquid baths submitted to vertical oscillations above a critical value. The pattern of standing ripples at half the vibrating frequency that results from this parametric forcing is usually shaped by the boundary conditions imposed by the enclosing receptacle. Here, we show that the time modulation of the medium involved in the Faraday instability can act as a phase-conjugate mirror--a fact which is hidden in the extensively studied case of the boundary-driven regime. We first demonstrate the complete analogy with the equations governing its optical counterpart. We then use water baths combining shallow and deep areas of arbitrary shapes to spatially localize the Faraday instability. We give experimental evidence of the ability of the Faraday instability to generate counterpropagating phase-conjugated waves for any propagating signal wave. The canonical geometries of a point and plane source are implemented. We also verify that Faraday-based phase-conjugate mirrors hold the genuine property of being shape independent. These results show that a periodic modulation of the effective gravity can perform time-reversal operations on monochromatic propagating water waves, with a remarkable efficiency compared with wave manipulation in other fields of physics.
A 31-Element Receive Array for Human Brain Imaging at 9.4T (2012)

Purpose/Introduction: Homogeneous excitation at field strengths as high as 9.4T is achieved by RF shimming approaches using parallel transmission through an array of independent RF coils. An actively detunable transmit array with 16-elements arranged in two rows of 8-elements each was built for this purpose[1]. Receive-only coil arrays constructed using close fitting helmets provide significant gain in SNR over volume coils[2]. In this work, we design a 31-channel receive-only head array which operates in combination with the 16-element transmit array[1]. Subjects and Methods: Experiments were performed on a Siemens 9.4T whole body MR scanner with a head gradient insert. 31-receive elements were arranged in 4 rows on a tight fitting helmet. The top 2 rows have 10-elements each and there were 7-elements on the 3rd row and 4-elements on the 4th row. 10mm spacing was provided between the elements of the same row and they were decoupled inductively. The bottom row was rotated in such a way that it could be geometrically overlapped with 2 adjacent elements from the top row(Fig. 1). Even though our scanner is equipped with 32-receive channels, an additional element was not added to one of the bottom 2 rows to preserve the left-right symmetry in the receive array. In addition to a protection fuse, the coil elements have 6 fixed and one variable capacitor. Low noise, small footprint preamplifiers (WanTcom Inc. USA) were installed on the coil. The coil is matched to 50-Ohms using a tissue equivalent phantom. Cable traps were incorporated before and after the preamplifier and an additional trap was installed on each of the 8-channel receive cable. Results: Unloaded-Q of a single isolated loop was 158. The coil is sample noise dominated and the QUL/QL was 10 or more depending on the distance to the load. Active detuning during transmit was better than -33dB. Maximum coupling measured in the loaded condition was -12.2dB. The low impedance preamplifier provided -21dB of decoupling [3]. Figure 2 shows the field map acquired with and without the receive array. Initial in-vivo results shown in Fig.3 demonstrate high SNR and whole brain coverage at 9.4T.
Mir-148A Plays A Pivotal Role in the Liver by Promoting the Hepatospecific Phenotype And Suppressing the Invasiveness of Transformed Cells (2013)

miR-148a is essential for the physiology of the liver because it promotes the hepatospecific phenotype and acts as a tumor suppressor. Most important, this report is the first to demonstrate a functional role for a specific miRNA in liver development through regulation of the DNMT1 enzyme.
Degradable Hollow Organosilica Nanoparticles for Antibacterial Activity (2019)

The synthesis of hollow organosilica nanoparticles is described from bis triethoxysilylpropyldisulfide and bis(trimethoxylsilylpropyl)methylamine. The nanoparticles were monodisperse with a mean diameter of 90 nm, and the adsorption–desorption properties of these nanoparticles were investigated with nitrogen at 77 K, n-hexane, and water. The nanoparticles were nonporous at 77 K as shown by N2 sorption analyses. n-Hexane interacted reversibly through physisorption with the nanoparticles, whereas water showed a strong nonreversible interaction, probably because of chemisorption with nitrogen atom sites. Amoxicillin antibiotic was loaded with these nanoparticles and the loading capacity was 30%. Ag+ ions were also adsorbed with amoxicillin, and the multifunctional nanoparticles were efficient in inhibiting bacterial growth with a synergy between the antibiotic delivery and Ag+ release.
Analysis of short- and long-term performance goals for III/V on active Si concentrator solar cells (2013)

A primary goal of terrestrial photovoltaics is to reach grid cost parity. This is a difficult task, largely due to the seemingly inverse relationship between efficiency and cost. Multijunction III/V solar cells on an active Si substrate may break this relationship by providing high efficiency with much lower material cost than traditional concentrator solar cells. This paper employs device models in the analysis of short- and long-term performance goals and expectations for this material system. The modeling results presented here indicate that the III/V on active Si technology may be anticipated to achieve nearly 48% efficiency at 600 suns concentration in a long-term, high volume manufacturing regime and almost 39% in the short-term.