gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequent epigenetic inactivation of the SLIT2 gene in chronic and acute lymphocytic leukemia (2009)

Recently a mouse model of T/natural killer acute lymphoblastic leukemia was used to assess global promoter methylation across the mouse genome using the restriction landmark genomic scanning technique. One of the methylated mouse genes identified in this way was Slit2. There are three mammalian SLIT genes (SLIT1, SLIT2, SLIT3), that belong to a highly conserved family of axon guidance molecules. We have previously demonstrated that SLIT2 is frequently inactivated in lung, breast, colorectal and glioma tumors by hypermethylation of a CpG island in its promoter region, whilst inactivating somatic mutations are rare. Furthermore, we demonstrated that SLIT2 acts as a tumor suppressor gene in breast and colorectal cancer cells. In this report we determined the methylation status of the SLIT2 gene in leukemias (CLL and ALL). SLIT2 was methylated in all ten leukemia cell lines analyzed (eight completely and two partially methylated). SLIT2 expression was restored after treating ALL lines with 5-aza-2dC. In primary ALL and CLL samples, SLIT2 was also frequently methylated, 58% (30/52) B-ALL; 83% (10/12) T-ALL and in 80% (24/30) CLL. Whilst DNA from peripheral blood and bone marrow from healthy control samples showed no SLIT2 methylation. Methylation results in leukemia cell lines and ALL and CLL primary samples were confirmed by direct sequencing of bisulfite modified DNA. Our results demonstrate that methylation of the SLIT2 5' CpG island is conserved between mice and humans, and therefore is likely to be of functional importance.
Sing-vessel cerebral blood flow (velocity) fMRI with phase-contrast imaging (2018)

Single-vessel fMRI has been developed to map the BOLD signal from individual venules and the CBV signal from individual arterioles penetrating the cortex of anesthetized rats. Here, we applied phase-contrast (PC) imaging to measure the velocity of blood flow from individual penetrating arterioles and venules, which could be characterized as dark and bright dots in an arteriole-venule map with a multi gradient-echo sequence. The neuronal activity-coupled cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes can be directly measured with the PC-based velocity mapping from individual vessels. Thus, we have established single-vessel CBF fMRI mapping with phase-contrast imaging.
Constrained Keys for Invertible Pseudorandom Functions. (2017)

A constrained pseudorandom function (PRF) is a secure PRF for which one can generate constrained keys that can only be used to evaluate the PRF on a subset of the domain. Constrained PRFs are used widely, most notably in applications of indistinguishability obfuscation (\(i\mathcal {O}\)). In this paper we show how to constrain an invertible PRF (IPF), which is significantly harder. An IPF is a secure injective PRF accompanied by an inversion algorithm. A constrained key for an IPF can only be used to evaluate the IPF on a subset S of the domain, and to invert the IPF on the image of S. We first define the notion of a constrained IPF and then give two main constructions: one for puncturing an IPF and the other for (single-key) circuit constraints. Both constructions rely on recent work on private constrained PRFs. We also show that constrained pseudorandom permutations for many classes of constraints are impossible under our definition.
Kinetics, products, and mechanism of reaction of tert-butyl chloride with sodium ethanethiolate in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide/methanol solvents. Insight into the occasional superiority of thiolate over alkoxide ions in effecting E2 eliminations (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics, products, and mechanism of reaction of tert-butyl chloride with sodium ethanethiolate in methanol and dimethyl sulfoxide/methanol solvents. Insight into the occasional superiority of thiolate over alkoxide ions in effecting E2 eliminationsJoseph F. Bunnett and Cyril A. MigdalCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 13, 3041–3045Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00274a015RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (628 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Distortion-invariant object representation and discrimination using an FST neural net (2002)

A feature space trajectory (FST) neural net is used to represent distorted versions of an object. Its use in determining the class and pose of an object is addressed with attention to: which aspect views and how many are needed to represent an object, which viewpoint gives the best pose animate and the best classification confidence. New eigen features are also advanced to provide improved results.
Safety and tolerability of lanreotide autogel/depot (LAN) in patients (pts) with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs): Pooled analysis of clinical studies. (2017)

398 Background: Two international randomized double blind (DB) phase 3 trials provided evidence on LAN 120mg/4wks vs placebo in NETs: CLARINET reported on PFS improvements in metastatic intestinal/pancreatic NETs; ELECT on reduced use of short-acting rescue medication for carcinoid syndrome (CS) symptoms. ELECT and CLARINET open-label (OL) extensions recently provided further long-term (LT) data. Here, we pool all current data from LAN trials, to provide an overview of safety in functioning and nonfunctioning NETs. Methods: Data were pooled from CLARINET (96wk DB, ≤6yr LTOL), ELECT (16wk DB, 32wk initial OL, ≥2yr LTOL) and three other OL studies: 6mo study for CS symptom relief; 7–8mo study of self-administered LAN; and 92wk study of tumor-growth control. Occurrence of AEs was examined in all studies (except for diarrhea/flushing, an efficacy measure in ELECT DB + initial OL). Results: Of all 378 pts, 90% received LAN 120 mg (10% ≤90 mg). AE profiles were similar across DB, OL and all studies. GI events were most frequent AEs: 56% of pts reported GI events, excluding diarrhea, across all studies; 28% reported diarrhea in all studies excluding ELECT DB + initial OL. No study withdrawals occurred due to diarrhea or other GI AE. No deaths were considered treatment related. Long-term (&gt;12mo) treatment produced no additional safety signals vs ≤6mo. Conclusions: This comprehensive safety analysis supports the positive benefit–risk profile of LAN both for CS control in symptomatic NET and for tumor control in metastatic intestinal/pancreatic NET. Clinical trial information: NCT00353496, NCT00842348, NCT00774930, NCT00681187, NCT00326469. [Table: see text]
A Motor-Driven Release/Relock Socket: Effectiveness as an Accommodation Tool for Transtibial Prosthesis Users (2021)

We welcome the global community of professionals involved in the care of persons in need of prosthetic, orthotic, mobility and assistive devices to the ISPO 18th World Congress! [View Programme Overview in Oxford Abstracts](https://virtual.oxfordabstracts.com/#/e/ispo2021/program) I [View the Abstract Book](https://journals.lww.com/poijournal/toc/2021/12001) | [HowToTreat ISPO Edition](https://360-ot.de/howtotreat/)
Investigating Body Image Disturbance in Anorexia Nervosa Using Novel Biometric Figure Rating Scales: A Pilot Study (2017)

This study uses novel biometric figure rating scales (FRS) spanning body mass index (BMI) 13.8 to 32.2 kg/m<sup>2</sup> and BMI 18 to 42 kg/m<sup>2</sup> . The aims of the study were (i) to compare FRS body weight dissatisfaction and perceptual distortion of women with anorexia nervosa (AN) to a community sample; (ii) how FRS parameters are associated with questionnaire body dissatisfaction, eating disorder symptoms and appearance comparison habits; and (iii) whether the weight spectrum of the FRS matters. Women with AN (n = 24) and a community sample of women (n = 104) selected their current and ideal body on the FRS and completed additional questionnaires. Women with AN accurately picked the body that aligned best with their actual weight in both FRS. Controls underestimated their BMI in the FRS 14-32 and were accurate in the FRS 18-42. In both FRS, women with AN desired a body close to their actual BMI and controls desired a thinner body. Our observations suggest that body image disturbance in AN is unlikely to be characterized by a visual perceptual disturbance, but rather by an idealization of underweight in conjunction with high body dissatisfaction. The weight spectrum of FRS can influence the accuracy of BMI estimation. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Abstract 5304: A serum protein test for improved prognostic stratification of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) (2015)

Abstract While existing scoring systems provide physicians with methods of assessing prognosis of patients with MDS and help with the choice of appropriate treatment regimens, some patients defined as lower risk still have poor outcomes and tests which can refine current stratifications are of clinical interest. Serum samples, clinical and survival data were available from 106 MDS patients with refractory anemia (RA) (n = 46), RA with excess blasts (n = 29), RA with ring sideroblasts (n = 14), and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (n = 17). The international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) score distribution 0/0.5/1/&amp;gt;1 was n = 36/23/24/12. Matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectra were acquired from the samples using the deep MALDI method1, allowing a deep probing of the proteome. The spectra were preprocessed and spectral features defined. The integrated intensities of these features were combined with the survival data using deep learning based machine learning techniques to create classifiers able to stratify patients into groups with better and worse survival. Patients in the good prognosis group had median survival of 52 months, compared with 23 months in the poor prognosis group (hazard ratio = 0.37, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Within the subgroup of patients with refractory anemia (n = 46) it was possible to identify a group of patients with no death events before 30 months, while median survival in the other patients was only 25 months. Multivariate analysis stratified by MDS subtype found that the mass spectral (MS) classification was a significant independent predictor of survival even when adjusted for international prognostic scoring system (IPSS) score and cytogenetic status. MS classification was able to separate low to intermediate risk (IPSS 0-1) and good karyotype subgroups into groups with significantly better and worse survival. If validated in an independent dataset, this serum test would provide complementary information for physicians to consider in addition to existing scoring systems to aid in planning treatment for MDS patients. 1. M Duncan et al, Proceedings of the 61st ASMS Conference on Mass Spectrometry and Allied Topics. Minneapolis, MN June 8-9, 2013 MP 181. Citation Format: Joanna Roder, Judith Löffler-Ragg, Reinhard Stauder, Ulrich Germing, Wolfgang R. Sperr, Peter Valent, Heinrich Roder, Arni Steingrimsson, Heinz Zwierzina. A serum protein test for improved prognostic stratification of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 5304. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-5304
Evaluation of EEG Headset Mounting for Brain-Computer Interface-Based Stroke Rehabilitation by Patients, Therapists, and Relatives (2020)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have successfully been used for motor recovery training in stroke patients. However, the setup of BCI systems is complex and may be divided into (1) mounting the headset and (2) calibration of the BCI. One of the major problems is mounting the headset for recording brain activity in a stroke rehabilitation context, and usability testing of this is limited. In this study, the aim was to compare the translational aspects of mounting five different commercially available headsets from a user perspective and investigate the design considerations associated with technology transfer to rehabilitation clinics and home use. No EEG signals were recorded, so the effectiveness of the systems have not been evaluated. Three out of five headsets covered the motor cortex which is needed to pick up movement intentions of attempted movements. The other two were as control and reference for potential design considerations. As primary stakeholders, nine stroke patients, eight therapists and two relatives participated; the stroke patients mounted the headsets themselves. The setup time was recorded, and participants filled in questionnaires related to comfort, aesthetics, setup complexity, overall satisfaction, and general design considerations. The patients had difficulties in mounting all headsets except for a headband with a dry electrode located on the forehead (control). The therapists and relatives were able to mount all headsets. The fastest headset to mount was the headband, and the most preferred headsets were the headband and a behind-ear headset (control). The most preferred headset that covered the motor cortex used water-based electrodes. The patients reported that it was important that they could mount the headset themselves for them to use it every day at home. These results have implications for design considerations for the development of BCI systems to be used in rehabilitation clinics and in the patient's home.
Purification and characterization of human erythrocyte phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase. Phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3-monophosphate 4-kinase are distinct enzymes (1992)

PtdIns 4-kinase has been purified 83,000-fold from human erythrocyte membranes. The major protein detected by SDS/PAGE is of molecular mass 56 kDa, and enzymic activity can be renatured from this band of the gel. The characteristics of this enzyme are similar to other type II PtdIns kinases previously described: PtdIns presented in Triton X-100 micelles is preferred as a substrate over PtdIns vesicles, the enzyme possesses a relatively low Km for ATP (20 microM), and adenosine is an effective inhibitor. A monoclonal antibody raised against bovine brain type II PtdIns 4-kinase is an effective inhibitor of the purified enzyme. PtdIns(4,5)P2 inhibits by approx. 50% when added in equimolar amounts with PtdIns; PtdIns4P has little effect on activity. A PtdIns3P 4-kinase activity has also been detected in erythrocyte lysates. Approximately two-thirds of this activity is in the cytosolic fraction and one-third in the membrane fraction. No PtdIns3P 4-kinase activity could be detected in the purified type II PtdIns 4-kinase preparation, nor could this activity be detected in a bovine brain type III PtdIns 4-kinase preparation. The monoclonal antibody that inhibits the type II PtdIns 4-kinase does not affect the PtdIns3P 4-kinase activity in the membrane fraction. The cytosolic PtdIns3P 4-kinase can be efficiently recovered from a 60%-satd.-(NH4)2SO4 precipitate that is virtually free of PtdIns 4-kinase activity. We conclude that PtdIns3P 4-kinase is a new enzyme distinct from previously characterized PtdIns 4-kinases, and that this enzyme prefers PtdIns3P over PtdIns as a substrate.
Chain Conformation and Aggregation Structure Formation of a High Charge Mobility DPP-Based Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Polymer (2020)

The determination of intrinsic chain stiffness of conjugated polymers is challenging, in particular, for scattering techniques because of their strong light absorption and structural instability due to the complicated intra-/intermolecular interactions. In this work, the chain conformation and aggregation formation of a high charge mobility donor–acceptor polymer (DPPDTT) are systematically investigated by using small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and static/dynamic light scattering (SLS/DLS). On the one hand, chloroform was chosen as a good solvent, in which SANS reveals a rod-like geometry with a radius of ∼15 Å. Once the absorption effect is properly accounted for, SLS shows a power law of 1 between the radius of gyration (Rg) and molecular weight (Mw) and a negative second virial coefficient (A2). On the other hand, 1,2-dichlorobenzene was chosen as a poor solvent, in which SANS, SLS/DLS, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) reveal a strong temperature-/concentration-dependent assembling behavior. The results provide a general picture of the multiscale assembly process of conjugated polymers.
On the Optimality of Treating Inter-Cell Interference as Noise in Uplink Cellular Networks (2019)

In this paper, we explore the information-theoretic optimality of treating interference as noise (TIN) in cellular networks. We focus on uplink scenarios modeled by the Gaussian interfering multiple access channel (IMAC), comprising K mutually interfering multiple access channels (MACs), each formed by an arbitrary number of transmitters communicating independent messages to one receiver. We define TIN for this setting as a scheme in which each MAC (or cell) performs a power-controlled version of its capacity-achieving strategy, with Gaussian codebooks and successive decoding, while treating interference from all other MACs (i.e., inter-cell interference) as noise. We characterize the generalized degrees-of-freedom (GDoF) region achieved through the proposed TIN scheme, and then identify conditions under which this achievable region is convex without the need for time-sharing. We then tighten these convexity conditions and identify a regime in which the proposed TIN scheme achieves the entire GDoF region of the IMAC and is within a constant gap of the entire capacity region.
Proenkephalin Gene Expression in the PC 12 Pheochromocytoma Cell Line: Stimulation by Sodium Butyrate* (1987)

The differentiation promoter sodium butyrate increases the content of Met5-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8 (Met5-enk-RGL)-immunoreactive peptides in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells, which, unlike mature adrenomedullary chromaffin cells, contain exceedingly low levels of opioid peptides. These butyrate-induced enkephalin-immunoreactive peptides, which are specific products of the proenkephalin gene, consist principally of two high mol wt forms of amino-terminally extended Met5-enk-RGL. These high mol wt peptides, with apparent mol wt of 20,000 and 10,000, are approximately the same size as the two major immunoreactive peptides found in adult New England Deaconess Hospital rat adrenal. The low mol wt Met5-enk-RGL-immunoreactive peptide found in butyrate-treated cells is similar in size to authentic Met5-enk-RGL, which is not found in the adrenal medulla of the adult rat. When PC12 cells are grown as a tumor in vivo, the amount of Met5-enk-RGL-immunoreactive peptide increased only slightly above the level found in control cells grown in vitro and consisted exclusively of the highest mol wt immunoreactive species. In PC12 cells, the butyrate-stimulated elevation in the content of Met5-enk-RGL-immunoreactive peptides may involve changes in transcription, since the peptide increase is preceded by a 2- to 3-fold increase in the level of proenkephalin mRNA. These results suggest that the PC12 cell line may be useful for investigating those factors that control the initial expression and processing of proenkephalin-derived peptides during embryogenesis.
3404Impact of anti-coagulation therapy on in-hospital outcomes of CRT patient treated with transvenous lead extraction (2018)

count, LDL-cholesterol, peak troponin T, and NT-proBNP), patients with high ds-DNA levels still had a significantly increased risk of death ], p=0.001). No significant association to clinical outcome was observed for MPO-DNA. DsDNA and MPO-DNA were both correlated with peak troponin T (r=0.17 and 0.12, respectively, p<0.001 for both), whereas only dsDNA correlated significantly with levels of p<0.001). Amongst patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction 40% (n=145), dsDNA and MPO-DNA levels were significantly elevated (439 ng/ml (397, 494) vs. 409 ng/ml (366, 464) and 0.196 OD (0.148, 0.312) vs. 0.175 OD (0.137, 0.254), respectively, p0.007 for both). Conclusions: In this cohort of patients with STEMI, dsDNA and MPO-DNA levels did not associate with adverse clinical outcome as defined by the primary composite endpoint. Levels of dsDNA were, however, significantly associated with increased mortality. The underlying mechanism for the apparent link between extracellular nuclear material and death is unclear and in need of further exploration.
<title>Two-dimensional dynamic neural network optical system with simplest types of large-scale interactions</title> (1991)

Modern nonlinear and coherent optics provides a great variety of possibilities to create many types of spatially distributed neural network optical systems and uses them to simulate the collective behavior of dynamics systems with nonlocal interactions (e.g., analogs of advanced neural networks).' We can point out the following basic properties of these systems: — intrinsic N-shape nonlinearity (bistable or multistable optical response); — existence of the local excitation transfer mechanism (e.g., diffusion); — possible implementation of large scale (nonlocal) interactions; All these requirements can be fulfilled in nonlinear 2-D feedback optical systems: in various nonlinear resonators and interferometers.2 Complexity and variety of nonlinear dynamic modes (different selfoscillation and dissipative structures, optical turbulence) observed in neural network optical systems with the simplest nonlocal interconnectors promote the search for principal most important models of large scale interactions and corresponding nonlinear dynamic structures. One of these models is one-dimensional rotational instability occurring in a neural network system with rotated field.3 Rotating waves observed in this system have been analyzed in detail.4 Theoretical and experimental research of 2-D models of optical neural networks appears to be most interesting. Implementing any type of "pure" nonlocal interconnectors in an optical experiment is a rather complicated task. Optical aberrations and some other factors result in the fact that additional "spurious" interactions affecting dynamic structures being formed in the system seem to be superimposed on a given type of nonlocal interconnectors. The only possibility to examine multiple nonlinear structures corresponding to a certain type of large scale interactions appears to be a comparative analysis of optical and numerical experiments in which the interconnect topologies can be defined in a "pure" form. 2-D selfoscillation structures observed in a neural network with 2-D optical feedback and nonlocal interconnectors have been studied in this paper. The simplest types of topological transforms, i.e., lateral inversion and rotation, are realized in optical and numerical experiments.