gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of Oat, Barley, and Wheat to Infection with Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Isolates1 (1987)

Two isolates of barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) were used determine if oat ( Avena sativa L.), barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.), and wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) cultivars with diverse sources of BYDV tolerance reacted differently when infected with either of the two isolates. Seedlings were infested in the one‐leaf stage with viruliferous oat‐bird cherry aphids ( Rhopalosiphum padi L.) carrying either isolate RPV or PAV. Infested and noninfested (control) seedlings were transplanted to the field in a split‐plot design with three replications. Cultivars were assigned at random to whole plots. The RPV and PAV isolates and control were assigned to subplots. Analyses of six different plant and agronomic characters showed that ‘Ogle’ oat and ‘CM’ barley were more susceptible to the PAV isolate than to the RPV isolate. ‘Porter’ and Accession 1575 oat and the wheat ‘Elmo’ and ‘Caldwell’ were tolerant to both isolates, while ‘Clintland 64’ oat and ‘Abe’ wheat were susceptible to both isolates. Therefore, some cultivars react differently when infected with the RPV or PAV isolates of BYDV. Infection with single BYDV isolates in all cultivars had little effect on harvest index; however, BYDV had significant effects on plant height, number of tillers per plant, and grain yield. Infection by both RPV and PAV caused a significant increase in BYDV severity in all cultivars compared to infection by PAV or RPV singly.
What should we know about human depth perception in constructing 3D displays? (2009)

A variety of perceptual issues arise in the use of stereoscopic displays including perceptual distortions, decreased visual performance, and increased visual discomfort. I will discuss the causes of these effects and strategies for minimizing them.
Pharmacological characterization of the nociceptin receptor mediating hyperalgesia in the mouse tail withdrawal assay (1998)

1. The newly discovered neuropeptide nociceptin (NC) has recently been reported to be the endogenous ligand of the opioid-like orphan receptor. Despite its structural similarity to opioids, when injected intracerebroventricularly (i.c.v.) in the mouse, NC exerts a direct hyperalgesic effect and reverses opioid-induced analgesia. In the present investigation, these two effects of NC were evaluated under the same experimental conditions; in addition, a pharmacological characterization of the receptor mediating these central effects of NC was attempted. 2. NC caused a dose dependent (0.1-10 nmol/mouse), naloxone-insensitive reduction of tail withdrawal latency with a maximal effect of about 50% of the reaction time observed in saline injected mice. In the same range of doses, NC inhibited morphine (1 nmol/mouse) induced analgesia. 3. The effects of the natural peptide were mimicked by NCNH2 and NC(1-13)NH2 (all tested at 1 nmol/mouse) while 1 nmol NC(1-9)NH2 was found to be inactive either in reducing tail withdrawal latency or in preventing morphine analgesia. 4. [Phe1psi(CH2-NH)Gly2]NC(1-13)NH2 ([F/G]NC(1-13)NH2), which has been shown to antagonize NC effects in the mouse vas deferens, acted as an agonist, mimicking NC effects in both the experimental paradigms. In addition, when NC and [F/G]NC(1-13)NH2 were given together, their effects were additive. 5. These results demonstrate that both the direct hyperalgesic action and the anti-morphine effect of NC can be studied under the same experimental conditions in the mouse tail withdrawal assay. Moreover, the pharmacological characterization of the NC functional site responsible for these actions compared with the peripherally active site, indicates the existence of important differences between peripheral and central NC receptors.
Regio- and Stereoselective Hydrophosphin-ations Using PhosphineBorane Complexes (2010)

The authors report on the hydrophosphination of unactivated internal alkynes and allenyl phosphine oxides using phosphine borane complexes. The methodology represents a significant advancement to the scope of hydrophos­phinations employing such reagents. The authors also demonstrate the power of this methodology in the expedient synthesis of chiral mono- and bisphosphines which have important applications as ligands in asymmetric catalysis.
HPLC separation of DNA adducts based on hydrogen bonding (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHPLC separation of DNA adducts based on hydrogen bondingBinyamin Feibush, Manasi Saha, Kay Onan, Barry Karger, and Roger GieseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 24, 7531–7533Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00258a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00258a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views214Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnetic properties of CoII mesoclusters (2000)

Clusters of cobalt (II) ions dispersed in a mesoporous silicate, prepared by calcination of the MCM-41 molecular sieve soaked in CoCl2 0.01 mol/l aqueous solution, showed no x-ray diffraction peaks except one from the molecular sieve. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed that the mesoclusters consisted of CoII ions in tetrahedral coordination. We have observed temperature and frequency dependences of the alternating current susceptibility, and no divergent peaks of the nonlinear susceptibility due to superparamagnetism. Spins derived from the field dependent magnetization above the blocking temperature with the Langevin equation fairly agree with those at the cluster surface estimated from the ionic radii of Co2+ and O2−.
MR Elastography Analysis of Glioma Stiffness andIDH1-Mutation Status (2017)

MR elastography demonstrated that not only were gliomas softer than normal brain but the degree of softening was directly correlated with tumor grade and <i>IDH1</i>-mutation status. Noninvasive determination of tumor grade and <i>IDH1</i> mutation may result in improved stratification of patients for different treatment options and the evaluation of novel therapeutics. This work reports on the emerging field of "mechanogenomics": the identification of genetic features such as <i>IDH1</i> mutation using intrinsic biomechanical information.
Structure, Chemistry, and Charge Transfer Resistance of the Interface between Li7La3Zr2O12 Electrolyte and LiCoO2 Cathode (2018)

All-solid-state batteries promise significant safety and energy density advantages over liquid-electrolyte batteries. The interface between the cathode and the solid electrolyte is an important contributor to charge transfer resistance. Strong bonding of solid oxide electrolytes and cathodes requires sintering at elevated temperatures. Knowledge of the temperature dependence of the composition and charge transfer properties of this interface is important for determining the ideal sintering conditions. To understand the interfacial decomposition processes and their onset temperatures, model systems of LiCoO2 (LCO) thin films deposited on cubic Al-doped Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) pellets were studied as a function of temperature using interface-sensitive techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy data indicated significant cation interdiffusion and structural changes starting at temperatures as low as 300 °C. La2Zr2O7 and Li2CO3 were identified as decomposition products after annealing at 500 °C by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. X-ray absorption spectroscopy results indicate the presence of also LaCoO3 in addition to La2Zr2O7 and Li2CO3. On the basis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and depth profiling of the Li distribution upon potentiostatic hold experiments on symmetric LCO|LLZO|LCO cells, the interfaces exhibited significantly increased impedance, up to 8 times that of the as-deposited samples after annealing at 500 °C. Our results indicate that lower-temperature processing conditions, shorter annealing time scales, and CO2-free environments are desirable for obtaining ceramic cathode|electrolyte interfaces that enable fast Li transfer and high capacity.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Runx2 Transcriptional Activation of Indian Hedgehog and a Downstream Bone Metastatic Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Runx2 Transcriptional Activation of Indian Hedgehog and a Downstream Bone Metastatic Pathway in Breast Cancer Cells
UIST+CSCW (2020)

This joint panel between UIST and CSCW brings together leading researchers at the intersection of the conferences-systems researchers in collaborative and social computing-to engage in a discussion and retrospective. Pairs of panelists will represent each decade since the founding of the conferences, sharing a brief retrospective that surveys the most influential papers of that decade, the zeitgeist of the problems that were popular that decade and why, and what each decade's work has to say to the decades that came before and after. The panel is intended as a space to celebrate advances in the field, and reflect on the burdens and opportunities that it faces ahead.
Engineering cytokines and cytokine circuits (2020)

Learning to speak the secret language of immune cells could improve immunotherapies
Calibration and optimization of 3D digital breast tomosynthesis guided near infrared spectral tomography (2015)

Calibration of a three-dimensional multimodal digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) x-ray and non-fiber based near infrared spectral tomography (NIRST) system is challenging but essential for clinical studies. Phantom imaging results yielded linear contrast recovery of total hemoglobin (HbT) concentration for cylindrical inclusions of 15 mm, 10 mm and 7 mm with a 3.5% decrease in the HbT estimate for each 1 cm increase in inclusion depth. A clinical exam of a patient's breast containing both benign and malignant lesions was successfully imaged, with greater HbT was found in the malignancy relative to the benign abnormality and fibroglandular regions (11 μM vs. 9.5 μM). Tools developed improved imaging system characterization and optimization of signal quality, which will ultimately improve patient selection and subsequent clinical trial results.
NIMG-99. P53 AMPLIFICATION MODIFIES THE GLIOBLASTOMA MICROENVIRONMENT: DIFFERENTIATING THE CONTRIBUTION OF CELLS VS EDEMA IN THE T2 WEIGHTED MRI SIGNAL (2017)

Patients with HGGs had extensive disturbances in functional connectivity, which extended far beyond the solid tumor mass, invariably affecting the non-lesional hemisphere. In contrast, patients suffering from LGGs showed less damage to functional connectivity, which was mostly confined to the lesion-bearing hemisphere. In general, the degree of damage to functional connectivity was likely dominated by tumor histology, e.g. HGGs caused far more extensive damage to functional connectivity than LGGs. CONCLU-SION: rsfMRI is a novel, non-invasive and easily implementable diagnostic tool in glioma patients which could discover characteristic disturbances in the non-lesional hemisphere of HGG patients. The correlation with tumor grading suggests that rsfMRI has great potential serve as an imaging biomarker for disease burden in glioma patients.
Tracking Charge Transfer to Residual Metal Clusters in Conjugated Polymers for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution (2020)

Semiconducting polymers are versatile materials for solar energy conversion and have gained popularity as photocatalysts for sunlight-driven hydrogen production. Organic polymers often contain residual metal impurities such as palladium (Pd) clusters that are formed during the polymerization reaction, and there is increasing evidence for a catalytic role of such metal clusters in polymer photocatalysts. Using transient optical spectroscopies on nanoparticles of F8BT, P3HT, and the dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone homopolymer, P10, we demonstrate how differences in the timescale of electron transfer to Pd clusters translate into hydrogen evolution activity optima at extremely different residual Pd concentrations. For F8BT nanoparticles with common Pd concentrations of &gt;1000 ppm (&gt;0.1 wt. %), we find that residual Pd clusters quench photogenerated excitons via energy and electron transfer on the fs – ns timescale, thus outcompeting reductive quenching via the electron donor diethylamine in the solution phase. We spectroscopically identify reduced Pd clusters in our F8BT nanoparticles from the µs timescale onwards and show that the predominant location of long-lived electrons gradually shifts to the F8BT polymer when the Pd content is lowered. However, a low yield of long-lived electrons limits the hydrogen evolution activity of F8BT. P10, on the other hand, exhibits a substantially higher hydrogen evolution activity, which we demonstrate results from higher yields of long-lived electrons compared to F8BT due to more efficient reductive quenching. Surprisingly, and despite the higher performance of P10, long-lived electrons reside on the P10 polymer rather than on the Pd clusters in P10 particles, even at very high Pd concentrations of 27,000 ppm (2.7 wt. %). We show that these long-lived electrons in P10 react orders of magnitude slower at lower Pd levels, which suggests that their transfer to Pd sites constitutes a kinetic bottleneck and thus reveals a direction towards further improvements for this already very performant material. In contrast, long-lived electrons in F8BT already reside on Pd clusters before the typical timescale of hydrogen evolution. This comparison illustrates that P10 exhibits efficient reductive quenching but slow electron transfer to residual Pd clusters, whereas the opposite is the case for F8BT. We discuss possible reasons for this pronounced difference in the predominant location of long-lived electrons in F8BT and P10. Our results suggest that the development of even more efficient polymer photocatalysts should target materials that combine both rapid reductive quenching and rapid charge transfer to a metal-based co-catalyst.
Identification of an alternatively spliced form of the murine homologue of B7. (1994)

B7 on antigen presenting cells is a costimulatory ligand necessary for full activation of T cell. Receptors for B7 have been known as CD28 or CTLA4. We here show that in addition to B7 mRNA, an alternatively spliced mRNA (designated as MB7-2 mRNA), that immunoglobulin (Ig)C-like domain coded by exon 3 has been spliced out, is found in activated murine splenic B cells by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis. Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with MB7-2 bound CTLA4Ig less well than those expressing B7, but bound CD28Ig to a similar extent, indicating that IgV-like domain contains the complete binding site for CD28. In addition, IgC-like domain may participate in an increase in the affinity for CTLA4. Thus, MB7-2 represents a new form of the murine B7 with different receptor binding properties.
Use of hyperattenuated poliovirus as a replacement for Sabin or wild-type strains for laboratory assays in a post eradication world (2019)

Poliovirus serotype 2 (PV2) has been declared eradicated and was removed from the live vaccine programme in 2016. WHO have developed the Global Action Plan (GAPIII) to describe containment conditions for laboratory work with poliovirus after eradication, and in the UK, all PV2 has been reclassified to hazard group 3 (HG3). Laboratory work involving live poliovirus will continue to be required years after eradication for the purposes of: vaccine testing; environmental surveillance; immunoglobulin testing; and for the development of new public health interventions. Compliance with GAPIII and HG3 containment conditions would impose financial burden and failure would lead to disruption to essential activities. Development of safer poliovirus strains for use outside of containment could overcome these issues. The S19 poliovirus strain, designed to be hyperattenuated and extremely genetically stable, was used as a cassette for the introduction of capsid proteins of other strains and serotypes (Knowlson et al. 2015), originally for vaccine production. S19 viruses are unable to infect transgenic mice (by intraspinal inoculation) or non-human primates (by mouth) at very high doses and are unlikely to infect humans at biological temperature. PV2 S19 strains have recently been approved for use outside of GAPIII containment requirements by the Containment Advisory Group. Validation of strains for laboratory assays and a highly sensitive QC assay based on NGS will be described.
Physical Layer Security for NOMA: Requirements, Merits, Challenges, and Recommendations (2019)

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) has been recognized as one of the most significant enabling technologies for future wireless systems due to its eminent spectral efficiency, ability to provide an additional degree of freedom for Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) and grant free random access. Meanwhile, Physical Layer Security (PLS) has got much attention for future wireless communication systems due to its capability to provide security without relying on traditional cryptography based algorithms. In this article, security design requirements for NOMA and solutions provided by PLS to fulfill these requirements are discussed. The merits and challenges arising from employing PLS to NOMA are identified. Finally, future recommendations and prospective solutions are also presented.
Fundamental theory of elastic wave scattering by defects in elastic materials: integral equation methods for application to ultrasonic flaw detection (1976)

The use of ultrasonic methods in nondestructive testing depends on the interpretation of the scattering of sound waves by flaws. The theory of elastic waves and their scattering in non-uniform media is developed in detail from first principles, and in generality. Both integral equation and differential methods are discussed, with emphasis on the former. General methods for defining scattering cross sections are presented, and conservation theorems are noted. The Born Approximation to the integral equation is presented, and computed results for several experimental situations are discussed. Several corrections to papers in the literature are made, and in particular the exact scattering of a transverse wave by a spherical flaw is compared with the Rayleigh (long wave) limit.
Selective Uptake of Viral and Monocrystalline Particles Delivered Intra-Arterially to Experimental Brain Neoplasms (1995)

In this study we investigated the intra-arterial delivery of viral and nonviral particles to experimental brain tumors. A herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector and monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION) were injected into the internal carotid artery of Fisher 344 rats harboring intracerebral 9L gliosarcomas, using bradykinin to disrupt the blood–tumor barrier. Brain and internal organs were stained both for virus-mediated gene expression and for iron. Quantitative comparisons of gene expression and MION uptake with and without blood–tumor barrier disruption were performed in the center and at the periphery of the tumor mass, as well as in normal brain. In addition, MION distribution was traced in vivo by MR imaging. Delivery of HSV into 9L gliosarcoma cells was greatly enhanced by intra-carotid bradykinin infusion. Virus-mediated expression of the HSV-thymidine kinase (TK) and β-galactosidase gene products was highest at the tumor periphery as compared to the tumor center. Selective HSV infection of multiple tumor foci was achieved in both hemispheres without affecting normal brain. MION uptake was high at the tumor periphery even without blood–tumor barrier disruption. Bradykinin increased MION uptake predominantly in the center of the tumor with virtually no effect at the periphery. These findings show that selective blood–tumor barrier disruption by bradykinin can be used to enhance HSV-mediated gene delivery to tumor cells in the periphery of brain tumors. A crucial aspect in the treatment of malignant brain tumors is the eradication of tumor cells infiltrating the brain; bradykinin may facilitate access of vectors to these areas by selective disruption of their neovasculature. Selective delivery of particles was achieved to multifoci 9L gliosarcoma tumors in rat brain by intra-arterial injection combined with disruption of the brain–tumor barrier with bradykinin. Particles consisted of monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticles (MION), which can be used for nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, and a herpes simplex virus (HSV) vector (hrR3), which replicates selectively in dividing cells and bears a lacZ gene for histochemistry. MION uptake was high in the tumor periphery, even without barrier disruption, but was increased in the center of tumors with bradykinin. There was essentially no uptake of virus into tumors without bradykinin, but marked uptake into their periphery with bradykinin. There was essentially no uptake of particles into normal brain. The studies show that imaging agents and genes can be targetted to the infiltrating margin of brain tumors by selective disruption of the newly forming tumor vasculature. Vascular delivery has the potential of delivering therapeutic and imaging agents to newly forming tumor foci throughout the brain, which present one of the major obstacles to effective therapy.
Bobtail: avoiding long tails in the cloud (2013)

Highly modular data center applications such as Bing, Facebook, and Amazon’s retail platform are known to be susceptible to long tails in response times. Services such as Amazon’s EC2 have proven attractive platforms for building similar applications. Unfortunately, virtualization used in such platforms exacerbates the long tail problem by factors of two to four. Surprisingly, we find that poor response times in EC2 are a property of nodes rather than the network, and that this property of nodes is both pervasive throughout EC2 and persistent over time. The root cause of this problem is co-scheduling of CPUbound and latency-sensitive tasks. We leverage these observations in Bobtail, a system that proactively detects and avoids these bad neighboring VMs without significantly penalizing node instantiation. With Bobtail, common communication patterns benefit from reductions of up to 40 % in 99.9th percentile response times. 1
Radioluminescence study in KI(Eu) (1991)

Abstract The luminous response to α, β and γ rays from radioactive sources and E/A  20 MeV, 3  Z  7 heavy ions of KI(Eu) crystals was studied. Measurements include optical spectral response and Eu concentration dependence. When coupled with a transmission Si surface-barrier E detector, the light-output response L observed from an optimized KI(Eu) sample is found to provide adequate Z resolution in a ΔE vs. L plot. A comparison with the results of a similar study on KBr(Eu) and CsI(Tl) crystals is presented.