gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bilateral Multi-Perspective Matching for Natural Language Sentences (2017)

Natural language sentence matching is a fundamental technology for a variety of tasks. Previous approaches either match sentences from a single direction or only apply single granular (word-by-word or sentence-by-sentence) matching. In this work, we propose a bilateral multi-perspective matching (BiMPM) model. Given two sentences P and Q, our model first encodes them with a BiLSTM encoder. Next, we match the two encoded sentences in two directions P against Q and P against Q. In each matching direction, each time step of one sentence is matched against all time-steps of the other sentence from multiple perspectives. Then, another BiLSTM layer is utilized to aggregate the matching results into a fix-length matching vector. Finally, based on the matching vector, a decision is made through a fully connected layer. We evaluate our model on three tasks: paraphrase identification, natural language inference and answer sentence selection. Experimental results on standard benchmark datasets show that our model achieves the state-of-the-art performance on all tasks.
Multilayer ferroelectric-high T/sub c/ structures with poled ferroelectric layers (1995)

We have observed shifts of from 0.5 to -6/spl deg/K in the T/sub C(ONSET/) of YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7-x/(123) in laser ablated thin film 123-BaTiO/sub 3/ multilayer structures on (100) oriented LaAlO/sub 3/ upon poling of the BaTiO/sub 3/ with a positive potential. Poling was carried out at between 120 and 150/spl deg/C in air with an applied field of about 10/sup 5/ V/cm after which a positive shift in the T/sub C(ONSET/) of the 123 by an amount of approximately 1/spl deg/K was observed. Samples were also poled at room temperature (20/spl deg/C) with an applied field of 10/sup 6/ V/cm (2-6/spl deg/K shift observed depending on T/sub c/ (R=0)). Negative potentials showed no apparent shift in T/sub C(ONSET/). A dc-poling with no applied field at 150/spl deg/C for 10-30 minutes in air was observed to restore the R vs. T curve to its original, unpoled, state. Details of the deposition parameters, structures and the mast recently obtained results will be presented possible explanations for the effect will also be discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Track selection in Multifunction Radars: Nash and correlated equilibria (2017)

We consider a track selection problem for multi-target tracking in a multifunction radar network from a game-theoretic perspective. The problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game. The radars are considered to be players in this game with utilities modeled using a proper tracking accuracy criterion and their strategies are the observed targets whose number is known. Initially, for the problem of coordination, the Nash equilibria are characterized and, in order to find equilibria points, a distributed algorithm based on the best-response dynamics is proposed. Afterwards, the analysis is extended to the case of partial target observability and radar connectivity and heterogeneous interests among radars. The solution concept of correlated equilibria is employed and a distributed algorithm based on the regret-matching is proposed. The proposed algorithms are shown to perform well compared to the centralized approach of significantly higher complexity.
Optimizing OpenCL applications on Xilinx FPGA (2016)

In this presentation we focus on current Xilinx FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array) platforms with the SDAccel OpenCL environment. FPGA have the unique feature of a reconfigurable architecture by opposition to CPU, GPU or DSP which have a fixed architecture and are only programmable. For example the elementary functions in an FPGA can be configured according to an addressable memory, as such the interconnection among them, the internal memory organization, but also even the ultra high-speed input/output of the chip to interface with the outside world. This fine grain configurability allows high performance and power efficiency. We introduce the architecture of modern FPGA with their main building blocks and how functional operations can be expressed. The translation of imperative languages down to the hardware level is done through High-Level Synthesis. It can be done in several ways with different time/surface trade-off, for example by playing on parallelism and pipelining.
Pyrochlore Range from Bi 2 O 3 –Fe 2 O 3 –TeO 3 System for LTCC and Photocatalysis and the Crystal Structure of New Bi 3 (Fe 0.56 Te 0.44 ) 3 O 11 (2011)

A new pyrochlore homogeneity field in Bi 2 O 3 –Fe 2 O 3 –TeO 3 system is characterized with respect to its compositional range and phase relations to adjacent phases. The sintering temperature of these pyrochlores is 880°C and they do not react with metallic silver, which makes them suitable for low‐temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) technology. Magnetic measurements indicate a spin‐glass formation. The spin freezing temperature that occurs at around 20 K shows a slight, yet systematic, variation with the sample composition. The dielectric constant increases with an increase in Bi content from 37(1) to 55(1). At cryogenic temperatures, they show the dielectric relaxation typical for displacive pyrochlores. The UV –Vis diffuse reflectance data were used for calculation of the electronic band gap. The lowest band gap was determined to be 1.965 eV. Next to the pyrochlore range, another new phase was discovered. Structural analysis showed that Bi 3 (Fe 0.56 Te 0.44 ) 3 O 11 crystallizes as KSbO 3 ‐type in a displacive disordered cubic symmetry with a lattice parameter of 9.47045(15) Å.
Reduced Heart Size and Increased Myocardial Fuel Substrate Oxidation in ACC2 Mutant Mice (2007)

Acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC2) is a key regulator of mitochondrial fatty acid (FA) uptake via carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1). In order to test the hypothesis that oxidative metabolism is upregulated in hearts from amice lacking ACC2 (employing a transgenic Acc2‐mutant mice), we assessed cardiac function in vivo and determined rates of myocardial substrate oxidation ex vivo. When examined by echocardiography there was no difference in systolic function, but left ventricular mass of the Acc2‐mutant (MUT) mouse was significantly reduced (−25%). In isolated, retrogradely perfused hearts of MUT mice myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) was about 25% higher than the wildtype. Rates of oleate oxidation were increased by 22%. Unexpectedly, rates of glucose oxidation were two fold higher in the MUT hearts. In parallel, transcript levels of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARa) and its target genes, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 and mCPT1 were, surprisingly, downregulated in MUT vs. WT mice. We propose that modulation of PPARa activation in the MUT mouse heart may be an adaptive response to prevent excessive cardiac FA oxidation and thereby preserving contractile function.
Design of a low SAR multiband antenna for mobile applications (2016)

We propose a novel low specific absorption rate (SAR) multiband antenna for mobile applications. Our proposed antenna's configuration consists of an antenna ground slit and branched elements to obtain multiband characteristics and low SAR. The proposed antenna covers Long Term Evolution and Wireless Wide Area Networks (703 - 960 MHz, 1447 - 1510 MHz, 1710 - 2170 MHz, and 2496 - 2690 MHz) and can reduce the SAR by at most 45 % compared with a traditional inverted-L antenna. The measured total efficiency of our proposed antenna has been found to vary between -5 dB and -1 dB for target band frequencies. The proposed antenna will be a good candidate for mobile applications with the LTE/WWAN operation.
Flexible tactile sensor for shear stress measurement using transferred sub-µm-thick Si piezoresistive cantilevers (2012)

We propose a flexible tactile sensor using sub-µm-thick Si piezoresistive cantilevers for shear stress detection. The thin Si piezoresistive cantilevers were fabricated on the device layer of a silicon on insulator (SOI) wafer. By using an adhesion-based transfer method, only these thin and fragile cantilevers were transferred from the rigid handling layer of the SOI wafer to the polydimethylsiloxane layer without damage. Because the thin Si cantilevers have high durability of bending, the proposed sensor can be attached to a thin rod-type structure serving as the finger of a robotic hand. The cantilevers were arrayed in orthogonal directions to measure the X and Y directional components of applied shear stresses independently. We evaluated the bending durability of our flexible tactile sensor and confirmed that the sensor can be attached to a rod with a radius of 10 mm. The sensitivity of the flexible tactile sensor attached to a curved surface was 1.7 × 10−6 Pa−1 on average for a range of shear stresses from −1.8 × 103 to 1.8 × 103 Pa applied along its surface. It independently detected the X and Y directional components of the applied shear stresses.
Amplified Zinc Signal at a Nanocarbon Film Electrode for Lipopolysaccharide Detection (2018)

We report an electrochemical method for detecting low concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), based on amplified zinc (Zn) signals on a sputtered nanocarbon film electrode. The nanocarbon film electrode allowed us to detect Zn2+ ions at a lower concentration than a conventional glassy carbon electrode using anodic stripping voltammetry. This was due to the efficient accumulation and detection of Zn2+ ions with very low noise made possible by the ultraflat nanocarbon film surface. The amplified Zn signals from a newly synthesized Zn-complex-based probe were successfully used to detect LPS with low concentrations without employing conventional reagents.
Reduced sidewall effects in SiGe-base bipolar transistors (1994)

In small Si bipolar transistors (BJTs) the sidewall effects play an important role. Extensive device simulations on Si/SiGe/Si heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) and Si BJTs show that in the HBTs the sidewall current injection is strongly suppressed. Consequently, the current gain in the HBT keeps constant down to a much smaller emitter width (W e ? 0.20 ?m) than for a conventional Si transistor (W e ? 0.60 ?m). Although the ratio of the charge storage in the sidewall emitter-base region and charge storage in the intrinsic region is also much less in the HBT than it is in the BJT, the effect on the cutoff frequency is about the same just because of the suppressed current spreading.
Increased Ceramide in Brains with Alzheimer's and Other Neurodegenerative Diseases (2012)

Ceramide has been suggested to participate in the neuronal cell death that leads to Alzheimer's disease (AD), but its role is not yet well-understood. We compared the levels of six ceramide subspecies, which differ in the length of their fatty acid moieties, in brains from patients who suffered from AD, other neuropathological disorders, or both. We found elevated levels of Cer16, Cer18, Cer20, and Cer24 in brains from patients with any of the tested neural defects. Moreover, ceramide levels were highest in patients with more than one neuropathologic abnormality. Interestingly, the range of values was higher among brains with neural defects than in controls, suggesting that the regulation of ceramide synthesis is normally under tight control, and that this tight control may be lost during neurodegeneration. These changes, however, did not alter the ratio between the tested ceramide species. To explore the mechanisms underlying this dysregulation, we evaluated the expression of four genes connected to ceramide metabolism: ASMase, NSMase 2, GALC, and UGCG. The patterns of gene expression were complex, but overall, ASMase, NSMase 2, and GALC were upregulated in specimens from patients with neuropathologic abnormalities in comparison with age-matched controls. Such findings suggest these genes as attractive candidates both for diagnostic purposes and for intervening in neurodegenerative processes.
Carbon Nanomaterials: Efficacy and Safety for Nanomedicine (2012)

Carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes, carbon nanohorns, and carbon nanotubes, are increasingly being used in various fields owing to these materials' unique, size-dependent functions and physicochemical properties. Recently, because of their high variability and stability, carbon nanomaterials have been explored as a novel tool for the delivery of therapeutic molecules including peptide and nucleic acid cancer drugs. However, insufficient information is available regarding the safety of carbon nanomaterials for human health, even though such information is vital for the development of safe and effective nanomedicine technologies. In this review, we discuss currently available information regarding the safety of carbon nanomaterials in nanomedicine applications, including information obtained from our own studies; and we discuss types of carbon nanomaterials that demonstrate particular promise for safe nanomedicine technologies.
Nonlinear Identification of the Total Baroreflex Arc (2015)

The total baroreflex arc – the open‐loop system relating carotid sinus pressure (CSP) to arterial pressure (AP) – exhibits nonlinear behaviors such as saturation, thresholding, and steady‐state responses to pulsatile changes. However, few studies have quantitatively characterized the nonlinear system dynamics. The aim was to develop a nonlinear dynamic model of the total baroreflex arc. Five normal rats were studied according to a protocol approved by the Animal Subjects Committee of the National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center. Under anesthesia, the vagal and aortic arch depressor nerves were sectioned; the carotid sinus regions were isolated and attached to a servo‐controlled piston pump; and AP and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) were measured. CSP was perturbed using a Gaussian white noise signal. A second‐order Volterra model was established using nonparametric identification. The second‐order kernel was mainly diagonal, but the main diagonal was not the same as the first‐order kernel. A simplified second‐order nonlinear model was accordingly developed using nonparametric identification. This model predicted AP changes 15% better than a linear model in response to Gaussian white noise CSP data not used in model development. Linear and nonlinear models of the neural arc – the system relating CSP to SNA – and peripheral arc – the system relating SNA to AP – were likewise established. These two models indicated that the nonlinearity of the total baroreflex arc mainly arises from the neural arc rather than the peripheral arc.
Overlapping block transform: window design, fast algorithm, and an image coding experiment (1995)

A window design and fast algorithm for the overlapping block transform (OBT) of size N/spl times/L are presented. The presented algorithm for the OBT reduces the calculation complexity to an N/spl times/N transform with a fast algorithm and a simple preprocessing including windowing. A signal-independent window optimization strategy is introduced for image coding application. Results for a first-order Markov model and an image coding experiment show, that the coding gains of the optimized OBTs increase and blocking effects decrease with increasing window length L. A comparison with DCT-coding shows that the OBT, which has a slightly increased realization complexity, provides higher coding gain and a significant blocking effect reduction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Tumor-reprogrammed resident T cells resist radiation to control tumors (2019)

Successful combinations of radiotherapy and immunotherapy depend on the presence of live T cells within the tumor; however, radiotherapy is believed to damage T cells. Here, based on longitudinal in vivo imaging and functional analysis, we report that a large proportion of T cells survive clinically relevant doses of radiation and show increased motility, and higher production of interferon gamma, compared with T cells from unirradiated tumors. Irradiated intratumoral T cells can mediate tumor control without newly-infiltrating T cells. Transcriptomic analysis suggests T cell reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment and similarities with tissue-resident memory T cells, which are more radio-resistant than circulating/lymphoid tissue T cells. TGFβ is a key upstream regulator of T cell reprogramming and contributes to intratumoral Tcell radio-resistance. These findings have implications for the design of radio-immunotherapy trials in that local irradiation is not inherently immunosuppressive, and irradiation of multiple tumors might optimize systemic effects of radiotherapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalysis and Library Development: Chiral Heterocycles via the Cinchona Alkaloid Catalyzed Mannich Reaction (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultraviolet micro-Raman spectroscopy stress mapping of a 75-mm GaN-on-diamond wafer (2016)

Full-wafer stress mapping is accomplished using visible and ultraviolet (UV) micro-Raman spectroscopy of a 730-nm thick GaN layer integrated with diamond grown by chemical vapor deposition. The UV measurements taken from both sides of the wafer reveal a higher tensile stress of 0.86 ± 0.07 GPa at the free GaN surface compared to 0.23 ± 0.06 GPa from the GaN/diamond interface, each with good cross-wafer uniformity. Factors influencing the overall stress and stress gradient are understood based on relaxation from dislocations in the GaN which vary in density along the growth direction. Simulations incorporating a model for stress relaxation in the GaN elastic modulus adequately describe the observed dependence.
Ocean acoustic monitoring and multipath stability (1979)

A procedure for remote sensing of mesoscale ocean dynamic processes has been proposed by Munk and Wunsch [Deep Sea Res., 26A, 123–161 (1979)]. It is based on the measurement of acoustic travel time variations between fixed sources and receivers distributed on the boundary of a large ocean area. Inverse theory is invoked to estimate the structure of the interior sound velocity field from travel time perturbations along individual ray paths. In this paper we present the results of a 48-day multipath stability experiment that demonstrates sufficient path stability to enable ocean acoustic remote sensing using this technique. A 220-Hz phase encoded signal with 64-ms resolution was transmitted at 10-min intervals between a moored source and a receiver at a 900-km range. Ray paths are clearly resolved, unambiguous, and identifiable. [Work supported by ONR.]
Combination of long-read and short-read sequencing provides comprehensive transcriptome and new insight for Chrysanthemum morifolium ray-floret colorization (2022)

Chrysanthemum morifolium is one of the most popular ornamental plants globally. Owing to its large and complex genome (around 10 Gb, segmental hexaploid), it has been difficult to obtain comprehensive transcriptome, which will promote to perform new breeding technique, such as genome editing, in C. morifolium. In this study, we used single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing and RNA-seq technologies, combined them with an error-correcting process, and obtained high-coverage ray-floret transcriptome. The SMRT-seq data increased the ratio of long mRNAs containing complete open-reading frames, and the combined dataset provided a more complete transcriptomic data than those produced from either SMRT-seq or RNA-seq-derived transcripts. We finally obtained 'Sei Arabella' transcripts containing 928,645 non-redundant mRNA, which showed 96.6% Benchmarking Universal Single-Copy Orthologs (BUSCO) score. We also validated the reliability of the dataset by analyzing a mapping rate, annotation and transcript expression. Using the dataset, we searched anthocyanin biosynthesis gene orthologs and performed a qRT-PCR experiment to assess the usability of the dataset. The assessment of the dataset and the following analysis indicated that our dataset is reliable and useful for molecular biology. The combination of sequencing methods provided genetic information and a way to analyze the complicated C. morifolium transcriptome.
Vertically clamped flexible flags in a Poiseuille flow (2020)

Vertically clamped flexible flags in an oncoming Poiseuille flow were numerically modeled to investigate the hydrodynamic interaction and dynamics of the flexible flags using the immersed boundary method. The number of flags modeled was increased step by step: a single flag, double flags, triple flags, and a large array of multiple flags were modeled. The flexible flags displayed a flapping mode or a fully deflected mode, depending on the relationship between the elastic inner force and the hydrodynamic force. The bending angle (α), flapping amplitude (A), and period (T) of the single flag decreased as the bending rigidity (γ) increased. In the double and triple flag systems, the bending angle of the first flag reached a steady state as the gap distance (d) increased. The gap distance affected the position of the flag relative to the vortical structures. The vortical structures merged and formed a large vortex. Small vortical structures penetrated the large gap to drive flag flapping and force flag bending. In a large array of multiple flags, all flags were present in the fully deflected mode for a small gap distance. As the gap distance increased, the interactions between the flags increased. The flags were significantly influenced by the inlet and exit conditions.
Biological Radical Sulfur Insertion Reactions (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Die Anwendung des chirurgischen Assistenzsystems „ENDOFIX exo“ in der endoskopischen Ohrchirurgie – erste Ergebnisse (2023)

Einleitung Einhändiges Operieren zählt zu den Herausforderungen der endoskopischen Ohrchirurgie (EES). Dies kann durch den intraoperativen Einsatz chirurgischer Assistenzsyteme kompensiert werden, die beidhändiges Operieren ermöglichen. Wir stellen eine retrospektive Studie vor, welche die weltweit erstmalige Anwendung des passiven Endoskophaltearms „Endofix exo“ (Fa. AKTORmed GmbH, Barbing, Deutschland) in der EES anhand ausgewählter Qualitäts-Indices untersucht.
FluidFM Applications in Single-Cell Biology (2018)

The fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) technology provides a versatile force-sensitive nanopipette that can be operated in physiological environments. In addition, the technology allows for real-time monitoring by optical microscopy and for the study of live single cells under preservation of the cellular and physiological context. This chapter provides a synthesis of the complementary applications, starting with the spatial cell manipulation and controlled fluid delivery, which allow for selective and well-defined cell perturbations. It describes single-cell analysis applications that comprise quantitative measurements of cell mechanical and electrical properties and the sampling and analysis of intracellular soluble molecules. FluidFM combines atomic force microscopy (AFM) with microfluidics. Spatial cell manipulation also allows to isolate selected individual cells for downstream analysis or clonal expansion or to designate specific cell localization in cell-based sensors. The extracellular fluid delivery with microscale resolution can be used to perturb individual cells by altering their microenvironment or by stimulation with cell-permeable compounds.
Is short‐term percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement beneficial in acutely ill cognitively intact elderly patients? A proposed decision‐making algorithm (2014)

Our series clearly supports the notion that short-term PEG tube placement in cognitively intact elderly patients could be a successful strategy to support them during an episode of acute illness, and to improve their nutritional deficits and survival.