gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control Strategies for Power Quantized Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid Powertrains: In Mobile Robot Applications (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper addresses scheduling of quantized power levels (including part load operation and startup/shutdown periods) for a propane powered solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) hybridized with a lithium-ion battery for a tracked mobile robot. The military requires silent operation and long duration missions, which cannot be met by batteries alone due to low energy density or with combustion engines due to noise. To meet this need we consider an SOFC operated at a few discrete power levels where maximum system efficiency can be achieved. The fuel efficiency decreases during transients and resulting thermal gradients lead to stress and degradation of the stack; therefore switching power levels should be minimized. Excess generated energy is used to charge the battery, but when it’s fully charged the SOFC should be turned off to conserve fuel. However, startup and shutdown phases consume both battery and fuel energy and induce stack degradation, and therefore should be scheduled as infrequently as possible. Simple models of the battery and SOFC are used to evaluate the optimal scheduling strategy using Dynamic Programming. Representative cycles are generated from random sampling of measured power data for specific tasks. Finally a rule-based control strategy is developed and compared with the optimal one, considering battery degradation, fuel efficiency as well as design robustness. The application to military tracked robots for surveillance is considered as an example using power profiles from an instrumented PackBot; however the methodology can be applied broadly to hybrid power systems for transportation which have large turn on/off penalties.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
EM algorithm for estimating the parameters of a multivariate complex Rician density for polarimetric SAR (2002)

A polarimetric synthetic aperture radar (SAR) forms a complex vector-valued image where each pixel comprises the polarization-dependent reflectivity of a portion of a target or scene. The most common statistical model for this type of image is the zero-mean, circularly-symmetric, multivariate, complex Gaussian model. A logical generalization of this model is a circularly-symmetric, multivariate, complex Rician model which results from having a nonzero-mean complex target reflectivity. Direct maximum-likelihood estimation of the Rician model parameters is infeasible, since setting derivatives equal to zero results in an intractable system of coupled nonlinear equations. The contribution of the paper is a complete iterative solution to the Rician parameter estimation problem by means of the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm.
Integrated chemical/biochemical sample collection, pre-concentration, and analysis on a digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip platform (2004)

An ideal on-site chemical/biochemical analysis system must be inexpensive, sensitive, fully automated and integrated, reliable, and compatible with a broad range of samples. The advent of digital microfluidic lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technology offers such a detection system due to the advantages in portability, reduction of the volumes of the sample and reagents, faster analysis times, increased automation, low power consumption, compatibility with mass manufacturing, and high throughput. We describe progress towards integrating sample collection onto a digital microfluidic LoC that is a component of a cascade impactor device. The sample collection is performed by impacting airborne particles directly onto the surface of the chip. After the collection phase, the surface of the chip is washed with a micro-droplet of solvent. The droplet will be digitally directed across the impaction surface, dissolving sample constituents. Because of the very small droplet volume used for extraction of the sample from a wide colection area, the resulting solution is realatively concentrated and the analytes can be detected after a very short sampling time (1 min) due to such pre-concentration. After the washing phase, the droplet is mixed with specific reagents that produce colored reaction products. The concentration of the analyte is quantitatively determined by measuring absorption at target wavelengths using a simple light emitting diode and photodiode setup. Specific applications include automatic measurements of major inorganic ions in aerosols, such as sulfate, nitrate and ammonium, with a time resolution of 1 min and a detection limit of 30 nm/m<sup>3</sup>. We have already demonstrated the detection and quantification of nitroaromatic explosives without integrating the sample collection. Other applications being developed include airborne bioagent detection.
Nicht-viraler Gentransfer führt zu therapeutischen Faktor-IX-Spiegeln im Hämophilie-B-Mausmodell (2008)

The high expression obtained in small animals give hope for further development of non-viral gene transfer for the treatment of hemophilia B in humans.
Channel mapping using bidirectional long short-term memory for dereverberation in hands-free voice controlled devices (2014)

In this article, the reverberation problem for hands-free voice controlled devices is addressed by employing Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BLSTM) recurrent neural networks. Such networks use memory blocks in the hidden units, enabling them to exploit a self-learnt amount of temporal context. The main objective of this technique is to minimize the mismatch between the distant talk (reverberant/distorted) speech and the close talk (clean) speech. To achieve this, the network is trained by mapping the cepstral feature space from the distant talk channel to its counterpart from the close talk channel frame-wisely in terms of regression. The method has been successfully evaluated on a realistically recorded reverberant French corpus by a large scale of experiments of comparing a variety of network architectures, investigating different network training targets (differential or absolute), and combining with common adaptation techniques. In addition, the robustness of this technique is also accessed by cross-room evaluation on both, a simulated French corpus and a realistic English corpus. Experimental results show that the proposed novel BLSTM dereverberation models trained by the differential targets reduce the word error rate (WER) by 16% relatively on the French corpus (intra room scenario) as well as 8% relatively on the English corpus (inter room scenario).
Assessment of a BeagleBone Black High Sampling Rate Digital Waveform Generator (2018)

Modulation waveform generators are frequently deployed for numerous applications such as communications. As a low-cost solution for high sampling rates, we investigate the BeagleBone Black (BBB) and more specific its Programmable Real-Time Unit (PRU) subsystem, which supports time critical tasks and fast deterministic IO operations. The implementation overview along with the achieved results in terms of throughput and reliability are herein presented and explained. The feasibility of a BBB PRU-based digital waveform generator was demonstrated under varying output configurations (up to 13) and sampling rates (up to 50 MSPS) with a high reliability .
Upstream Stimulatory Factor Proteins Are Major Components of the Glucose Response Complex of the L-type Pyruvate Kinase Gene Promoter (1995)

L-type pyruvate kinase (L-PK) gene transcription is induced by glucose through its glucose response element (GlRE) composed of two degenerated E boxes able to bind in vitro ubiquitous upstream stimulator factor (USF) proteins. Here we demonstrate in vivo, by transient transfections in hepatoma cells, that (i) native USF proteins synthesized from expression vectors can act as transactivators of the L-PK promoter via the GlRE, stimulating transcription without glucose and, therefore, decreasing the glucose responsiveness of the promoter; (ii) expression of the truncated USF proteins, able to bind the GlRE but devoid of the NH2-terminal activation domain, represses the activation of the L-PK promoter by glucose; and (iii) a similar repression of the glucose effect is observed upon expression of mutant USF proteins devoid of the basic DNA binding domain, able to dimerize with endogenous USF but not to bind the GlRE. We conclude that USF proteins are components of the transcriptional glucose response complex assembled on the L-PK gene promoter.
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils express the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen. (1983)

Monoclonal antibodies J5, VIL-A1, and BA-3, known to react with the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CALLA) were found to specifically stain normal human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN). The antigen detected on PMN had a molecular weight (95,000-110,000 mol wt) close to that of CALLA (95,000-100,000 mol wt) and thus these surface membrane antigens are likely related, if not identical. The fluorescent staining intensity of PMN is comparable to that of CALLA-positive leukemic cells and the presence of PMN in patient samples could potentially produce false-positive results in diagnosis.
Identification of RGS5 as a tumor-associated antigen expressed in a broad range of human malignancies and recognized by antigen specific cytotoxic T cells (2006)

2569 Background: Identification of tumor-associated antigens (TAA) have resulted in the development of therapeutic vaccines for the treatment of cancer. We applied an integrated functional genomics approach to identify TAA in malignant tissues of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: A comparative DNA chip analysis of tumor and the corresponding non-malignant tissue from patients with RCC followed by sequencing of peptides bound to the HLA-class I molecules by mass spectrometry was applied to identify novel TAA in RCC. To confirm the immunogenicity of identified epitopes cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated using dendritic cells (DC). Results: RGS5 was found to be overexpressed in 16 of 29 analyzed RCC (5.7–29.9 fold) as compared to non-malignant renal tissue. Two peptides derived from RGS5 binding to either HLA-A*02 or 03 were identified. RGS5 was previously shown to be expressed in pericytes and promote tumor angiogenesis. Using RT-PCR analysis we found that RGS5 is expressed on a broad variety of tumor cells including RCC, colorectal, breast and ovarian cancer, malignant melanoma and multiple myeloma as well as in acute and chronic leukemias making this protein an interesting candidate for the development of vaccination strategies to target the tumor cells and the tumor vessels. CTL that were induced using the RGS5 peptides lysed autologous DC pulsed with the cognate peptide or transfected with in vitro transcribed RGS5 RNA as well as HLA-matched tumor cell lines. The specificity and HLA restriction was confirmed using blocking monoclonal antibodies and in cold-target inhibition assays. We next utilized DC transfected with RGS5 RNA to generate specific CTL. Using this approach we confirmed the processing and presentation of the identified peptides by malignant cells. These CTL lysed tumor cells in antigen specific manner while sparing non-malignant cells. In an ongoing vaccine trial RGS5 peptides could safely be given to RCC patients resulting in the induction of peptide specific CTL responses. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that RGS5 is a novel tumor rejection antigen expressed in a wide range of malignancies that can be applied to target malignant cells and tumor angiogenesis. [Table: see text]
28 GHz millimeter-wave measurements and models for signal attenuation in vegetated areas (2017)

This paper presents 28 GHz channel measurements in vegetated areas using a directional channel sounder. The measurement campaign was conducted in areas lined with trees similar to a vegetated residential environment on the campus of Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) in Daejeon, South Korea. It was found that excess loss in vegetated areas is associated with a saturating trend with upper-bounded foliage attenuation at 28 GHz. From the measurement results, we presented 28 GHz foliage propagation models which are based on the ITU-R terrestrial model and the FITU-R-like frequency-dependent model. In addition, the proposed models were compared with several existing attenuation models which are applicable at 28 GHz. These results can be used when predicting path loss results through vegetated areas at 28 GHz. It is anticipated that by conducting and analyzing measurements in even more locations and environments it is possible to further understand the 28 GHz foliage propagation channels for future communication systems.
Underfeeding of rat mothers during the first two trimesters of gestation does not alter insulin action and insulin secretion in the progeny (1995)

It has been suggested that impaired insulin action and/or insulin secretion in adult mammals could be a consequence of severe food restriction during fetal life. We have determined to what extent glucose homeostasis and insulin action are modified in male offspring of rats undernourished only during the first two trimesters of pregnancy. Pregnant females then were assigned to one of the following three experimental conditions. Rats in the first group had their food restricted to 50% of their pregnancy intake during the first 2 weeks of pregnancy, after which they were allowed to eat ad libitum. Rats in the second group were similarly restricted during the first 2 weeks, but beginning on day 14 of gestation were pair-fed to control rats until weaning on day 21 after birth: Such an experimental group was introduced because we observed that food-restricted mothers increased their food intake significantly above control levels in the last week of gestation and maintained this increase into the first postnatal week, when they were returned to ad libitum feeding on day 14 of gestation. Control rats (third group) were given access to food ad libitum throughout pregnancy and lactation. Offspring of mothers in the three groups are referred to as food-restricted/ad libitum refed (RA), food-restricted/pair-refed (RP) and control (C) groups, respectively. From 6 weeks of age, RA males ate significantly more food and gained significantly more weight on a standard laboratory diet than control offspring.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The capacity of average and peak power constrained fading channels with channel side information (2004)

We derive the ergodic capacity of discrete-time fading channel with additive Gaussian noise subject to both peak and average power constraint. The average power can be interpreted as the cost that we incur to achieve a certain rate. On the other hand, the motivation of this analysis comes from the fuel that there is also a peak power limitation in practical communication system. It is been shown that the optimal power adaption is no longer water-filling or constant power adaption which is the case where there is no limitation on the peak power. The numerical results show that the importance of peak power constraint becomes negligible for relatively low available average power, while it is limiting the capacity to be finite even as the available average power goes to infinity.
Probe‐Based 3‐D Nanolithography Using Self‐Amplified Depolymerization Polymers (2010)

3D patterning by means of probe-assisted thermal decomposition has been achieved on phthalaldehyde polymer films with 1 nm vertical resolution and 40 nm lateral resolution. Highly efficient patterning is enabled by a self-amplified depolymerization mechanism. Pixel writing speeds on the order of microseconds are demonstrated.
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III secretion system plays a dual role in the regulation of caspase‐1 mediated IL‐1β maturation (2008)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that forms a serious problem for immunocompromised patients and also the leading cause of mortality in cystic fibrosis. The overall importance of a functional Type III secretion system (T3SS) in P. aeruginosa virulence has been well established, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Using in vitro infected macrophages as w as a murine model of acute lung infection, we show that the Caspase-1 mediated maturation and secretion of IL-1beta needs a translocation competent T3SS and Flagellin, but not the Type III effector proteins ExoS, ExoT and ExoY. However, ExoS was found to negative regulate the P. aeruginosa induced IL-1beta maturation by a mechanism that is dependent on its ADP ribosyltransferase activity. Moreov ExoS deficiency also switched the mode of macrophage death from apoptosis to pro-inflammatory pyroptosis. Altogether, these data demonstrate a dual role for the P. aeruginosa T3SS in the regulation of Caspase-1 mediated IL-1beta production and provide new insights into the mechanisms of immune evasion by this pathogen.
Identifying genes preferentially expressed in undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (2007)

Taken together, we demonstrate the use of a novel retroviral gene trap vector in identifying genes preferentially expressed in undifferentiated ES cells.
MOUSE-TO-RAT LIVER XENOTRANSPLANTATION USING BCL-2 TRANSGENIC MICE (1999)

288 Introduction: The mechanisms of xenogeneic liver transplantation remain unknown. In this study, we employed mouse-to-rat liver xeno-transplantation model using human bcl-2 transgenic mice (bcl-2 +/+), which expressed bcl-2 gene mainly in hepatocytes, in order to evaluate a protective effect of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein and to determine the role of Fas-mediated apoptosis in xenogeneic liver rejection. Materials and methods: As an experimental group, the xenografts obtained from bcl-2 transgeninc mice were orthotopically grafted into male LEW, 3-4weeks old (n=4). As a control group, nontransgenic littermates (CBA/B6D2, bcl-2 −/−) were used (n=7). The operative procedure was similar to that of mouse-to-mouse liver transplantation using the cuff technique. Results: As shown in Table, mean survival time (MST) of the experimental group was significantly prolonged to 9.5days compared to that of the control group, 8.1days (p< 0.005). Histologic findings of both groups showed severe cellular rejection. Conclusion: In mouse-to-rat liver xenotransplantation model, xenografts were regularly rejected within 8 days showing severe cellular rejection. The fact that bcl-2 transgenic mice were significantly protected from xenogeneic rejection means that Fas-mediated apoptosis plays an important role in this process and gives the rationale of the gene therapy of Bcl-2 family into xenografts in clinical liver xenotransplantation.Table: SURVIVAL TIME AFTER MOUSE-TO-RAT LIVER XENOTRANSPLANTATION
Supplementary table 3 from A Novel Epigenetic Signature for Early Diagnosis in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Predictions of cancer using the epigenetic model for the 24 false negatives cytologies.&lt;/p&gt;
Dissociative Ionization (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Easily Synthesized Naphthalene Tetracarboxylic Diimide Semiconductors with High Electron Mobility in Air (2008)

New N,N′-substituted 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimides (NTCDIs) were synthesized in one step reactions, resulting in excellent electron mobilities in air as measured in organic field effect transistors (OFETs). Two perfluoroalkyl-benzyl N,N′ substituents were used, differing in the length of the perfluoroalkyl moieties on the benzyl portion of the molecule. Single crystals of the short chain compound 2 were successfully grown by horizontal vapor deposition, and crystal structures were obtained and analyzed. Devices from both compounds were fabricated on untreated and silane treated Si/SiO2 substrates. The longer chain compound 1 gives the largest field effect mobility, reaching 0.57 cm2/(V s) in air. This is competitive with the best air stable n-channel materials to date. In contrast to previously studied high mobility materials, 1 achieved mobilities near 0.4 cm2/(V s) without the use of dielectric substrate treatments. Additionally, 1 displays exemplary ordering regardless of surface treatment, as determined from X-ray diffraction, while 2 displays significant improvement in mobility and film structure when deposited on surface treated substrates.
Electrical characterization of 4H–SiC avalanche photodiodes containing threading edge and screw dislocations (2010)

The reverse voltage current characteristics and electroluminescence of small area 4H–SiC avalanche photodiodes were investigated and correlated with the presence of threading screw and edge dislocations. Localized electroluminescence was observed at threading dislocations at voltages close to breakdown whereas diodes without any extended defects exhibited uniform light emission in the active area. Diodes containing either edge or screw dislocations were found to have excess leakage currents and breakdown prematurely compared to diodes without dislocations.
Strategies for solar energy power conversion using thin film organic photovoltaic cells (2005)

We discuss the fundamental limitations to solar cell efficiencies employing organic thin films. To support our analysis, several strategies for optimizing the power conversion efficiency of small molecular weight organic PV cells are described. Conversion efficiencies as high as 5.7% at 1 sun, AM1.5G simulated illumination are observed employing thin film tandem cells consisting of CuPc and C/sub 60/ as the active region materials. The so-called bulk heterojunction and mixed molecular heterojunction cells is described, as well as that of surface plasmons in tandem cell architectures containing metallic nanoparticle layers separating each sub-cell in a multilayer stack. Surface plasmons are shown to increase the efficiency by a significant fraction in these tandem cells, suggesting that this particular approach has the potential for resulting in solar power conversion efficiencies >10%.