gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ex vivo induction and expansion of Natural Killer T cells by CD1d1-Ig coated artificial antigen presenting cells (41.22) (2009)

Abstract Natural killer T (NKT) cells play a pivotal role in maintaining immune homeostasis. Many studies examining patients with cancer have shown that there is a reduction in both NKT cell number and function. Due to the complexities of manipulating NKT cells in vivo, ex vivo expanded effector NKT cells would be an excellent therapeutic modality. To date, immunotherapy utilizing the NKT/CD1d system has been dependent on the use of autologous antigen presenting cells pulsed with α-galactocylceramide (α-GalCer). In this study, we have generated CD1d- expressing artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC) to examine co-stimulatory requirements for NKT cells and to expand NKT cells from the peripheral blood of healthy controls and cancer patients. We tracked the level of NKT cell expansion and the expanded population was characterized both phenotypically and functionally. We found that CD1d-based aAPC can effectively propagate both canonical (iNKT cells) and noncanonical NKT cells. Thus, CD1d-expressing aAPC will enhance our knowledge of NKT cell biology and could potentially be used as a novel tool in adoptive immunotherapeutic strategies.
End‐group modification of α‐hydro‐ω‐methoxypoly(oxyethylene), 3. Facile methods for the introduction of a thiol‐selective reactive end‐group (1994)

Abstract Three methods for the introduction of a thiol‐selective reactive end‐group into α‐hydro‐ω‐methoxypoly(oxyethylene) are described and evaluated. In a first method, α‐amino‐ω‐methoxypoly(oxyethylene) was reacted with succinimido 3‐(2‐pyridyldithio)propionate (SPDP). In a second approach, the hydroxyl end‐group of α‐hydro‐ω‐methoxypoly(oxyethylene) was activated with 4‐nitrophenyl chloroformate, and subsequently reacted with 2‐tritylthioethylamine. Conversion of the trityl thioether into an aromatic disulfide with 2‐nitrophenylsulfenyl chloride yielded a polymer with a thiol‐specific reactive disulfide end‐group. However, it was shown that dismutation in buffer medium does occur, what makes this approach less attractive. A third method involved the conversion of the trityl thioether into a sulfenyl thiocarbonate by reaction with an alkoxycarbonylsulfenyl chloride. Both the SPDP‐modified and the alkoxycarbonyl disulfide‐modified poly(oxyethylene) were found to be suitable thiol‐specific reactive polymers for protein modification. This was demonstrated in a model reaction using reduced glutathione as a thiol‐carrying peptide.
On the use of a crystal detector for a phase calibration of the large signal network analyzer (2008)

This paper introduces a crystal detector as a new calibration standard for large signal analysis [1–4]. By means of the detector as a reference element one can calibrate the phase distortion of the large signal network analyser (LSNA) on a dense frequency grid. In this paper we estimate and validate a parametric black-box model for a crystal detector.
Forward current-voltage characteristics of silicon carbide thyristors and diodes at high current densities (1998)

The lifetimes of minority carriers have been measured for 4H-SiC n-p-n-p thyristors with breakover voltages of 400 V and 700 V at T = 300 K and T = 500 K. For structures of both types ns at T = 300 K, and ns at T = 500 K. The ratios estimated from these data agree reasonably well with the values and temperature dependences of the critical charge densities measured in these structures earlier. (W is the width of the blocking p-base, L is the ambipolar diffusion length). With known and contact resistivity , forward current-voltage characteristics of the thyristors were calculated in the framework of a theory which takes into account the decrease of the emitter injection coefficient. The calculated and experimental results agree well over a wide range of current densities and temperatures. The related contributions of contact resistivity and non-ideality of the emitter junctions to the voltage drop across the thyristor structures are considered.
Barriers to carrier transport in multiple quantum well nitride-based c-plane green light emitting diodes (2020)

The presence of alloy disorder in III-nitride materials has been demonstrated to play a significant role in device performance through effects such as carrier localization and carrier transport. Relative to blue light emitting diodes (LEDs), these effects become more severe at green wavelengths. Because of the potential fluctuations that arise due to alloy disorder, full three-dimensional (3D) simulations are necessary to accurately relate materials properties to device performance. We demonstrate experimentally and through simulation that increased quantum well (QW) number in $c$-plane green LEDs contributes to excess driving voltage, and therefore reduced electrical efficiency. Experimentally, we grew an LED series with the number of QWs varying from one to seven and observed a systematic increase in voltage with the addition of each QW. Trends in LED electrical properties obtained from 3D simulations, which account for the effects of random alloy fluctuations, are in agreement with experimental data. Agreement is achieved without the need for adjusting polarization parameters from their known values. From these results, we propose that the polarization induced barriers at the GaN/InGaN (lower barrier/QW) interfaces and the sequential filling of QWs both contribute significantly to the excess forward voltage in multiple QW $c$-plane green LEDs.
GUIDELINES FOR POSITIVE BARRIER USE IN CONSTRUCTION ZONES (1985)

The need for positive barriers in construction zones is now based on individual judgment, and there is an expressed need for objective barrier placement criteria. The number, diversity, and variability of factors that affect barrier need within a work zone eliminate the possibility of development of a set of totally objective guidelines appropriate for any given circumstance. In an effort to develop procedures for determining barrier need at a given site, a computer program, which determines barrier warrants based on a benefit-cost algorithm, was developed. This program was adapted for use on microcomputers with a user friendly system that greatly simplifies its use. Further, a set of use guidelines for portable concrete barriers (PCBs) was developed for typical work zone sites through the application of the benefit-cost computer program. Barrier end treatment use guidelines were also developed with the computer program. End treatments studied included flaring the barrier away from the travelway and two crash cushions. The optimum flare rate for flared end treatments was found to be 10:1. Crash cushion end treatments were found to be cost beneficial relative to flared end treatments only at extremely high traffic volumes.
Visceral adipose volume is correlated with surgical tissue fibrosis in Crohn’s disease of the small bowel (2022)

The VF volume on CTE can reflect intestinal fibrosis. The combination of the VF/SF volume ratio and ND ratio of CD patients assessed using CTE can help predict severe fibrosis stenosis of the small intestine.
Cloning of Genes Encoding Auxin-Binding Proteins (ABP19/20) from Peach: Significant Peptide Sequence Similarity with Germin-Like Proteins (1998)

An auxin-binding protein (ABP) was previously isolated from shoot apices of peach trees to homogenity on standard SDS-PAGE. Analysis of low-bis SDS-PAGE and direct peptide sequencing of purified peach ABP demonstrated that the ABP was composed of two types of polypeptides (designated ABP19 and ABP20). Several cDNA and genomic clones which encode peach ABPs were obtained and analysed. We found that there are at least three classes of ABPs in the peach genome. Open reading frames of these ABPs were 627 bp, predicting a 209 amino acid polypeptide of 22 kDa. An N-terminal hydrophobic signal sequence of 18 amino acids and a putative N-glycosylation site at N60-T-T/S were deduced. Homology search analysis revealed that ABP19 is highly homologous to proteins related to the germin family. The deduced amino acid sequence of ABP19 showed very low overall sequence homology with ABP1, an ABP isolated from maize coleoptile, but it contained a small region which shared 40% homology with a putative auxin binding site in ABP1 (BoxA). In addition, the sequence surrounding the region is highly conserved among peach ABPs and the germin family.
Networked Source Coding with Covariance Distortion Constraints (2015)

We consider a source coding problem under covariance matrix distortions with side information available at the decoder. With a networked scenario in mind, the side information models the availability of other observations at the receiver. We formulate the problem as a remote vector Gaussian Wyner-Ziv problem, and derive an explicit and general formula for the corresponding rate-distortion function (RDF). We demonstrate the flexibility and generality of the covariance matrix distortions using three application examples. In the first two, we show that two other well-studied source coding problems are in fact special cases of our results for particular choices of the distortion matrices. As the last and most elaborated example of applications, we consider a network with a centralized topology with a given weighted sum-rate constraint. The received data at the center are to be fused to maximize the output SNR while enforcing no linear distortion to the processed output. We will show that one could design the distortion matrices at the nodes in order to maximize the output SNR at the fusion center, and thereby bridge between enhancement and source coding within this setup.
Sequence-specific detection of different strains LCMV in a single sample using tentacle probes (2016)

Abstract Viral infections often result in quasi-species of virus strains that can have dramatic impacts on disease outcomes or experimental results. However, sequencing of viruses to determine strain composition is time consuming and often cost-prohibitive. Rapid, cost-effective methods are needed for accurate measurement of virus diversity in order to design appropriate treatment, and can be useful for many experimental systems. We have developed a novel molecular method for simple and accurate detection of RNA virus genetic variants using Tentacle probes coupled with quantitative PCR. Tentacle probes are modified molecular beacons that are less expensive and dramatically improve false positive rates in routine qPCR. To validate this approach we have designed two tentacle probes for two strains of Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV): the parental Armstrong strain and the more virulent clone-13 strain, which differ by only 3 nucleotide substitutions. Using this approach we were able to distinguish these two strains of LCMV. Furthermore, in virus mixing experiments we were able to detect down to 5% of clone-13 diluted in Armstrong, and vice versa. Thus, we have developed a fast, cost-effective approach for differentiating between closely related viruses.
Minimal Intraspecific Aggression among Tawny Crazy Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Florida (2020)

Tawny crazy ants, Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), are an invasive species found in states along the Gulf Coast of the USA. Their large populations are aggressive and can displace ant species already present in the area. Because tawny crazy ants are not territorial toward their own species within a locality, it was hypothesized that they may exhibit unicoloniality in their invasive range. To test this hypothesis, tawny crazy ants from separate locations in Florida were confined in small, enclosed arenas, and their interactions were observed and documented using a rating scale of aggression behaviors. Carbohydrate consumption also can affect aggression in ants, so starved and non-starved ants were tested separately. For non-starved ants, the level of aggression between worker ants increased if they were from different locations, but this interaction rarely escalated to fighting. When starved ants from different locations were given access to sucrose solution, the ants would exhibit trophallaxis rather than fighting over the food source. Queens from different colonies would quickly nest together. Thus, intraspecific aggression was not evident among tawny crazy ants collected from widely separated locations in Florida.
Role of cytokines in autoimmunity. (1998)

Activation-induced apoptosis of T lymphocytes is an important mechanism for maintaining self-tolerance. The sensitivity of T cells to apoptosis by the Fas pathway is regulated by the exposure of these cells to different cytokines. IL-2 is a survival and growth factor for T cells, as well as a necessary potentiator of Fas-mediated cell death. The role of this cytokine in triggering death pathways is the likely explanation for the autoimmune disease that develops as a result of targeted disruption of the IL-2 or IL-2 receptor alpha or beta chain gene.
On the Forming of Metallic Parts through Electromagnetic and Electrohydraulic Processing (2006)

Forming of metallic parts by the application of high intensity transitory magnetic pulses or shock waves is a challenge task from industrial perspectives as this offers extended scope of forming highly precise parts that result from material behavior at high deformation rates. Electromagnetic forming requires that the part must be intrinsically very conducting. The electrohydraulic forming is exempt from this material constraint as the deformation is generated by a shock wave in a fluid through electric discharge in between the electrodes. The application of a static pressure during forming is used to reduce the discharge energy for a given deformation. Work has been conducted to form different parts through these two techniques involving aluminum, copper and steels. The paper presents the technical obstacles still facing the electromagnetic techniques and gives examples of formed parts and joints in relation with microstructures.
IMPAIRED ACTIVATION OF TUMORICIDAL FUNCTION IN MACROPHAGES FROM MAMMARY-TUMOR BEARERS - THE ROLE OF IFN-GAMMA (1993)

The growth of the DI-DMBA-3 mammary adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice results in a profound deficit in the tumoricidal function of their peritoneal elicited macrophages (PEM) after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The capacity of these macrophages to respond to stronger signals, such as a combination of LPS and low levels (5 U/ml) of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is also impaired. Importantly, a combination of high levels (50 U/ml) of IFN-gamma with 10 mug/ml of LPS, is able to trigger a cytolytic response in macrophages from tumor bearing mice against mammary tumor target cells, indicating that their lytic machinery is intact. However, IFN-gamma production is severely diminished in T lymphocytes from tumor bearing mice as detected by ELISA, moreover, Northern blots revealed that the levels of IFN-gamma RNA are also decreased in T cells from tumor bearers. The cooperation between T cells and macrophages is mediated, at least in part, by IFN-gamma. Thus, mammary tumors have die potential to overcome host defenses, either by affecting the capacity of macrophages to respond adequately to activating agents, and/or by impairing the production of T-cell derived lymphokines important in macrophage activation for tumor killing.
RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF HIGH-UTILIZATION RAILWAY CARS (2014)

Mathematical models for failures in high–utilization railway cars manufactured in 1965 and 1966 have shown that the failure rate and reliability can be adequately described using a Weibull distribution. The reliability of Trailer Train high–utilization cars after ten years of operation exceeds 0.99. In other words, after ten years service, 990 of every 1000 cars purchased would be operating without failure. In the first five years, the reliability is only slightly decreased from one: fewer than two cars per thousand will have failed after only five years of operation. It has been clearly demonstrated in this study that failures can be reduced through proper inspection and maintenance. If a standard reliability or car failure rate were specified by federal standards, it would be a simple matter to establish a matching inspection interval. Unfortunately, these do not exist in the Federal Car Safety Standards.
Impact of 18F-FDG PET on managing patients with colorectal cancer: the referring physician's perspective. (2001)

Whole-body PET imaging with 18F-FDG has been used successfully to stage colorectal cancer. However, the impact of FDG PET on patient management from the referring physician's point of view has not been determined.A questionnaire was sent to referring physicians to determine whether and how PET altered the management of colorectal cancer patients. Management changes, when present, were classified as intermodality (e.g., medical to surgical, surgical to radiation, medical to no treatment) or intramodality (e.g., altered medical, surgical, or radiotherapy approach).Of 60 responses from referring physicians, changes in clinical stage were reported for 25 patients (42%). Among these, the disease was upstaged in 20 patients (80%) and downstaged in 5 patients (20%). The PET findings contributed to intermodality management changes in 22 of the 60 patients (37%), intramodality changes in 11 patients (18%), a combination of management changes in 4 patients (7%), and no change in 19 patients (32%). Two of the 60 patients (3%) had other changes, and no response to this question was received for the remaining 2 patients (3%). As a result of PET findings, physicians avoided major surgery in 41% of patients for whom surgery was the intended treatment.This survey-based study of referring physicians shows that FDG PET had a major impact on the management of colorectal cancer patients and contributed to changes in clinical stage and major management decisions in >40% of patients.
Data from Detection of Promoter Hypermethylation in Salivary Rinses as a Biomarker for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Surveillance (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor gene promoters has been found in head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSCC) and other solid tumors. We evaluated these alterations in pretreatment salivary rinses from HNSCC patients by using real-time quantitative methylation-specific PCR (Q-MSP).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Pretreatment saliva DNA samples from HNSCC patients were evaluated for patterns of hypermethylation by using Q-MSP. Target tumor suppressor gene promoter regions were selected based on a previous study describing a screening panel for HNSCC in a high-risk population subjects. The selected genes were: &lt;i&gt;DAPK&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;DCC&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MINT-31&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TIMP-3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;p16&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;MGMT&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CCNA1&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We analyzed the panel in a cohort of 61 HNSCC patients. Thirty-three of the analyzed patients (54.1%) showed methylation of at least one of the selected genes in the saliva DNA. Pretreatment methylated saliva DNA was not significantly associated with tumor site (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.209) nor clinical stage (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.299). However, local disease control and overall survival were significantly lower in patients presenting hypermethylation in saliva rinses (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.015, respectively). Multivariate analysis confirmed that this hypermethylation pattern remained as an independent prognostic factor for local recurrence (HR = 12.2; 95% CI = 1.8–80.6; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.010) and overall survival (HR = 2.8; 95% CI = 1.2–6.5; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.016).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; We were able to confirm an elevated rate of promoter hypermethylation in HNSCC saliva of patients by using a panel of gene promoters previously described as methylated specifically in HNSCC. Detection of hypermethylation in pretreatment saliva DNA seems to be predictive of local recurrence and overall survival. This finding has potential to influence treatment and surveillance of HNSCC patients. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(14); 4782–9. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Network Access Control solution combining OrBAC and SDN (2017)

Standard Port-based Network Access Control (NAS) with tagged Virtual Local Area Networks (VLANs) systems are useful to authenticate users within an isolated network environment. This approach on its own, however, lacks the flexibility and granularity level that new generation networks based on SDN (Software Defined Networking) can provide. The flow-based access control provides a more appropriate granularity to enforce network policies. In this paper, we propose a novel solution named SDN-based Network Access Control (S-NAC) that provides authentication and authorization of clients and servers based on high-level policies enforced at flow level. The solution has been implemented, deployed and tested over emulated and real networks.
High Efficiency Phosphorescent OLEDs (2007)

Highly efficient phosphorescent organic devices are demonstrated. Direct charge trapping on the dopant and exciton confinement with adjacent charge transport layers are discussed as important mechanisms.
The development of microfabricated arrays for DNA sequencing and analysis (1996)

Microfabricated arrays of immobilized oligodeoxynucleotide probes are proving to be a powerful tool for rapidly generating sequence data via hybridization. These arrays are made either by immobilization of the probe post-synthetically, or by in situ synthesis of the probe. Hybridization of the target is easily achieved on the arrays, with analysis proceeding either by direct detection, or through enzyme-mediated detection; analysis of the hybridization pattern yields sequence information about the target. Such facile and rapid data acquisition will assist the challenging task of sequencing the human genome, and also will lead to a new generation of diagnostic assays.
Friction and Wear Behavior of AIBC Composites (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Experimental Procedures Results and Discussion Acknowledgements References
Pseudo-isotropic upper critical field in cobalt-doped SrFe2As2 epitaxial films (2024)

No abstract prepared.
Fifty years of progress in speech synthesis (2004)

A common opinion is that progress in speech synthesis should be easier to discern than in other areas of speech communication: you just have to listen to the speech! Unfortunately, things are more complicated. It can be said, however, that early speech synthesis efforts were primarily concerned with providing intelligible speech, while, more recently, ‘‘naturalness’’ has been the focus. The field had its ‘‘electronic’’ roots in Homer Dudley’s 1939 ‘‘Voder,’’ and it advanced in the 1950s and 1960s through progress in a number of labs including JSRU in England, Haskins Labs in the U.S., and Fant’s Lab in Sweden. In the 1970s and 1980s significant progress came from efforts at Bell Labs (under Jim Flanagan’s leadership) and at MIT (where Dennis Klatt created one of the first commercially viable systems). Finally, over the past 15 years, the methods of unit-selection synthesis were devised, primarily at ATR in Japan, and were advanced by work at AT&amp;T Labs, Univ. of Edinburgh, and ATR. Today, TTS systems are able to ‘‘convince some of the listeners some of the time’’ that synthetic speech is as natural as live recordings. Ongoing efforts aim at replacing ‘‘some’’ with ‘‘most’’ for a wide range of real-world applications.