gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeting SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain to cells expressing CD40 improves protection to infection in convalescent macaques (2021)

Achieving sufficient worldwide vaccination coverage against SARS-CoV-2 will require additional approaches to currently approved viral vector and mRNA vaccines. Subunit vaccines may have distinct advantages when immunizing vulnerable individuals, children and pregnant women. Here, we present a new generation of subunit vaccines targeting viral antigens to CD40-expressing antigen-presenting cells. We demonstrate that targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to CD40 (αCD40.RBD) induces significant levels of specific T and B cells, with long-term memory phenotypes, in a humanized mouse model. Additionally, we demonstrate that a single dose of the αCD40.RBD vaccine, injected without adjuvant, is sufficient to boost a rapid increase in neutralizing antibodies in convalescent non-human primates (NHPs) exposed six months previously to SARS-CoV-2. Vaccine-elicited antibodies cross-neutralize different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including D614G, B1.1.7 and to a lesser extent B1.351. Such vaccination significantly improves protection against a new high-dose virulent challenge versus that in non-vaccinated convalescent animals.
Impact of network slicing on 5G Radio Access Networks (2016)

Network slicing addresses the deployment of multiple logical networks as independent business operations on a common physical infrastructure. The concept has initially been proposed for the 5 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> Generation (5G) core network (CN) however, it has not been investigated yet what network slicing would represent to the design of the 5G radio access network (RAN). The paper explains how network slicing may impact several aspects of the 5G RAN design such as the protocol architecture, the design of network functions (NFs) and the management framework that needs to support both the management of the infrastructure to be shared among the slices and the slice operation.
Decrease of amyloid β1–42 antibodies in serum of patients with Alzheimer's disease (2004)

Amyloid β (Aβ) is the histopathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Antibodies against Aβ occur naturally and are used in promising therapeutical approaches. To assess the diagnostic value of serum Aβ-antibodies for AD, we compared serum Aβ-antibody levels of 96 patients with AD, 14 with Frontotemporal Dementia, 8 with Lewy-Body-Dementia, 18 with Vascular Dementia (VD), 31 with Major Depression (MD) and of 30 healthy controls (HC) using a newly developed immunoassay by Brahms. We found a highly significant decrease of Aβ-antibody levels in AD compared to HC (p=0,001) independently of age, cognitive status and ApoEε4-carrier-status. Aβ-antibody levels correlated to gender in AD with higher levels in women. Applying ROC-Analysis, sensitivity/ specificity was 81,3%/46,7% comparing patients with AD to HC. There was no significant difference of Aβ-antibody levels comparing AD to Non-AD-Dementia or MD. Serum Aβ-antibodies may be related to AD, but appear not to be a useful diagnostic marker for AD.
In situ growth of nanowire on the tip of a carbon nanotube under strong electric field (2005)

We present experimental evidence of in situ growth of carbon nanowires on the tip of a carbon nanotube under an applied voltage of 150 V. The grown nanowires with the well-defined geometry and diameter less than ten nanometers are structurally amorphous in nature and result in the solid carbon nanotube-nanowire junction with minimum junction size. The as-generated carbon nanotube-nanowire junction with a distinctive morphology clearly shows evidence of the bonding between the carbon atoms at the tip of carbon tube. The carbon nanotube could be used as a template for in situ growth of the carbonate nanowires under a strong electric field. The measured current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of the nanotube-nanowire contact shows a nonlinear relation between the current and applied bias voltage due to the saturated sp3 bonds formed at the junction. The detected I-V behavior suggests the formation of the metal∕insulator∕metal structure at the nanotube-nanowire junction.
Joule Heating-Induced Metal–Insulator Transition in Epitaxial VO2/TiO2 Devices (2016)

DC and pulse voltage-induced metal-insulator transition (MIT) in epitaxial VO2 two terminal devices were measured at various stage temperatures. The power needed to switch the device to the ON-state decrease linearly with increasing stage temperature, which can be explained by the Joule heating effect. During transient voltage induced MIT measurement, the incubation time varied across 6 orders of magnitude. Both DC I-V characteristic and incubation times calculated from the electrothermal simulations show good agreement with measured values, indicating Joule heating effect is the cause of MIT with no evidence of electronic effects. The width of the metallic filament in the ON-state of the device was extracted and simulated within the thermal model.
A content quality driven energy management system for mobile 3D graphics (2006)

Today, mobile terminals such as personal digital assistants and mobile phones have reached a sufficiently high level of performance as to support simple 3D graphics applications. The challenge is to generate the best possible images within the performance constraints of the used terminal. The algorithms that solve this optimization problem however ignores the energy consumption, which is a scarce resource on a mobile device. We therefore propose to extend current 3D graphics optimization algorithms which adjust image quality to meet timing constraints, with an energy cost. We propose to let the user choose the desired trade-off between visual quality and energy consumption. The task of the optimization algorithm is then to try to provide the user requested quality and to minimize the energy consumption for a given execution time deadline.
AutomationML: From data exchange to system planning and simulation (2012)

The planning, testing and integration of modern automation systems is becoming more and more a bottleneck in the construction of new production facilities. This is due to the facts that plants grow in complexity and that modern automation systems are highly distributed and comprise complex components. To cope with these challenges and to guarantee short implementation times and a small number of errors for the automation systems, modern development processes are needed. Such modern processes can be reduced to four main aspects: (i) A seamless process with corresponding seamless tools, (ii) a high level of model reuse and adaptability, (iii) executable models and early tests, and (iv) a system-wide planing process of the distributed system. Therefore, the established tool landscape with its specialized tools for each discipline of engineering has difficulties to keep up with these trends. The approach presented in this paper implements a development process including the aspects (i) (iv) using the new data exchange format AutomationML. AutomationML serves as an enabling technology and has the potential to change future development processes and may trigger the development of new, better integrated tools.
A method for probing the mutational landscape of amyloid structure (2011)

lindquist_admin@wi.mit.edu; bab@csail.mit.edu.
Free-space optical interconnection for three-dimensional stacked VLSI chips (2001)

This paper presents a demonstration system under the three-dimensional optoelectronic stacked processor (3DOESP) project. A novel free-space hybrid optical system that permits large misalignment tolerance is designed for interconnections between 3D stacked VLSI chips.
A putative new peptide synthase operon in Bacillus subtilis: partial characterization (1995)

A large operon-type structure has been located between the gltA and citB loci on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. On the basis of the analysis of the 25 kb sequenced so far, it potentially encodes at least three large proteins which contain structural motifs associated with the subunits of all characterized peptide synthases. The amino acid recognition specificity of this new peptide synthase is discussed in the light of sequence homology with other synthases.
Regulatory nucleotides involved in the Rel function of Bacillus subtilis (1979)

We have examined the accumulation of polyphosphorylated nucleotides in Bacillus subtilis in relation to the function of the rel gene. Our results are as follows. (i) During inhibition of isoleucine activation by O-methylthreonine, wildtype B. subtilis cells accumulate unusual nucleotides with the chromatographic and chemical properties of pppApp, ppApp, pppGpp, ppGpp, pGpp, and ppGp. (ii) During the carbon source downshift elicited by inhibiting glucose uptake, we observed accumulation of the polyphosphorylated guanosine but not adenosine nucleotides. (iii) At the end of long phase in sporulation medium, we observed a small transient accumulation of the polyphosphorylated guanosine but not adenosine nucleotides. (iv) We were unable to detect a nucleotide with chromatographic behavior expected for pppAppp under any conditions. (v) The rel mutant of Swanton and Edlin (Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 46-583-588, 1972) did not accumulate any of these polyphosphorylated nucleotides under any of the conditions examined. (vi) the rel mutant is unimpaired in sporulation. We conclude that one or more of the nucleotides we have detected may be involved in controlling the specificity of transcription during the stringent response, but none of them are required for sporogenesis.
Nanoparticles of Metal‐Organic Frameworks: On the Road to In Vivo Efficacy in Biomedicine (2018)

In the past few years, numerous studies have demonstrated the great potential of nano particles of metal-organic frameworks (nanoMOFs) at the preclinical level for biomedical applications. Many of them were reported very recently based on their bioactive composition, anticancer application, or from a general drug delivery/theranostic perspective. In this review, the authors aim at providing a global view of the studies that evaluated MOFs' biomedical applications at the preclinical stage, when in vivo tests are described either for pharmacological applications or for toxicity evaluation. The authors first describe the current surface engineering approaches that are crucial to understand the in vivo behavior of the nanoMOFs. Finally, after a detailed and comprehensive analysis of the in vivo studies reported with MOFs so far, and considering the general evolution of the drug delivery science, the authors suggest new directions for future research in the use of nanoMOFs for biomedical applications.
Studying Nitrogen Transformation Test of Picoxystrobin 25% SC (w/v) Inloamy Sand Soil (2016)

The effect of Picoxystrobin 25% SC on soil microorganisms nitrogen transformation was assessed in a test that measured nitrogen turnover following the application of Picoxystrobin 25% SC to soil. Picoxystrobin 25% SC was incubated in loamy sand soil over a period of 28 days for the nitrogen turnover at 1-fold and 5-fold concentration, equivalent to 0.340 mg/kg (T1) and 1.700 mg/kg (T2) on product basis, respectively (corresponding to a field application rate of 400 ml/ha and 2000 ml/ha). Control consists of soil treated with equivalent quantity of distilled water, was also incubated in the dark along with the treated soil samples. The measured values for the deviation of nitrogen turnover (transformation) in both the treatment levels with deviated by less than 25 % from the control at 28th day. The dose concentrations (T1 and T2 levels) of Picoxystrobin 25% SC were determined by validated HPLC method.
Salicylic acid‐independent induction of pathogenesis‐related protein transcripts by sugars is dependent on leaf developmental stage (1996)

Soluble sugars have been found to regulate a number of genes involved in functions associated with sink metabolism, defense reactions and photosynthesis. As viruses and pathogens induce the expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes and have also been reported to lead to localized sugar accumulation in leaves, it was investigated whether a salicylic acid-independent but sugar-dependent pathway for PR-protein gene induction may exist in plant cells. Leaf discs of tobacco plants were floated on different sugar solutions, transcript accumulation and salicylic acid (SA) levels were subsequently determined. PR-Q and PAR-1 transcripts were found to be inducible by glucose, fructose and sucrose. No significant change in SA content could be detected, following incubation. On the other hand, SAR8.2 transcripts were repressed by elevated levels of soluble sugars and sorbitol, respectively, suggesting sensitivity to turgor pressure. Since leaves undergo sink to source transition during growth, sugar responsiveness was investigated in leaves of different developmental stages. Interestingly, induction of PR-Q and PAR-1 by soluble sugars was essentially restricted to fully expanded leaves and was independent of plant age. Induction by salicylate was not confined to the source capacity of a leaf but was dependent on the age of the respective leaf. Repression of transcripts encoding photosynthetic genes (ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (rbcS) and chlorophyll a/b binding protein (cab) by soluble sugars were largely independent from the leaf developmental state. These findings hint to the possibility of salicylic acid-independent defense reactions of plants against pathogens by induction of a set of PR proteins in source leaves. Furthermore, the data suggest different mechanisms for the induction of PR-protein genes and the repression of photosynthetic genes by soluble sugars.
Voltage Sensor Movement in the hERG K + Channel (2005)

The critical role of hERG in the maintenance of normal cardiac electrical activity derives from its unusual gating properties: slow channel activation and fast inactivation. To characterize voltage sensor movement associated with slow activation and fast inactivation, we measured gating currents from wild-type and mutant hERG channels. Fast and slow gating components were observed that differed 100-fold in their kinetics. The slow component constituted the majority of gating charge associated with channel opening and accounted for the sluggish rate of hERG activation. Gating currents from an inactivation-deficient mutant (S631A) were indistinguishable from wild-type, despite a +100 mV shift in the voltage dependence of inactivation, suggesting that a small fraction of total gating charge is devoted to the final transitions that inactivate the channel. Ala-scanning mutagenesis in S4 identified residues that perturbed both charge movement and channel opening. Residues in the S4-S5 linker perturbed channel opening without altering charge displacement, suggesting a role for coupling S4 movement to channel opening. Finally, inactivation-sensitive residues localized to a helical face of S4 adjacent to the activation-sensitive residues. We conclude that S4 acts as the voltage sensor for hERG activation and inactivation and that S4 movement is translated to the activation gate via the S4-S5 linker.
RAMAN SCATTERING FROM OLIGOMERS OF POLYTETRAFLUOROETHYLENE AND A HIGHLY ORIENTED (TFE-HFP) COPOLYMER MONOFILAMENT (1977)

$^{1}$ F. J. Boerio and J. L. Koenig, J. Chem. Phys. 52, 4826 (1970). $^{2}$ L. Piseri, B. M. Powell, and G. Dolling, J. Chem. Phys. 58, 158 (1973).
ChemInform Abstract: Neoglycopolymer Inhibitors of the Selectins. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figures from TRK xDFG Mutations Trigger a Sensitivity Switch from Type I to II Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

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Transformation of terahertz spectra emitted from dual-frequency femtosecond pulse interaction in gases (2013)

We demonstrate that the two basic physical mechanisms of terahertz (THz) generation in a femtosecond filament, namely, the free electron photocurrent and the nonlinear polarization of neutrals, can be identified through the spectral analysis of THz radiation. The contribution from the photocurrent peaks at the units of THz, while the neutrals yield the peak at the tens of THz. We suggest the practical implementation of such spectral analysis by varying the initial transform-limited laser pulse duration.
Effective diffusion coefficients in random packings of polydisperse hard spheres from two-point and three-point correlation functions (2015)

We evaluate the effective diffusion coefficient Deff in random packings of polydisperse hard spheres with an analytical formula involving the three-point microstructural parameter ζ2. Bulk packings with solid volume fraction between ϕ = 0.54 and ϕ = 0.634 were computer-generated using experimentally determined particle size distributions characterized by different mean particle diameter and associated standard deviation. The parameter ζ2 was calculated from two- and three-point correlation functions S2 and S3, respectively, via an approach based on sampling templates. Results of the asymptotic analysis for S2 and S3 compare favorably with theoretical predictions. Effective diffusivities calculated by the approximate analytical formula are close to those obtained from simulations using a random-walk particle-tracking technique. The values of Deff are affected by the packings' solid volume fraction, the spatial positions of the spheres, and to a far lesser extent by the particles' polydispersity. The proposed numerical approach can be applied to evaluate effective diffusive transport properties of general two-phase materials just from the geometrical information embodied in ϕ and ζ2.
A comparison of HDR brachytherapy and IMRT techniques for dose escalation in prostate cancer: A radiobiological modeling study (2009)

A course of one to three large fractions of high dose rate (HDR) interstitial brachytherapy is an attractive alternative to intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for delivering boost doses to the prostate in combination with additional external beam irradiation for intermediate risk disease. The purpose of this work is to quantitatively compare single-fraction HDR boosts to biologically equivalent fractionated IMRT boosts, assuming idealized image guided delivery (igIMRT) and conventional delivery (cIMRT). For nine prostate patients, both seven-field IMRT and HDR boosts were planned. The linear-quadratic model was used to compute biologically equivalent dose prescriptions. The cIMRT plan was evaluated as a static plan and with simulated random and setup errors. The authors conclude that HDR delivery produces a therapeutic ratio which is significantly better than the conventional IMRT and comparable to or better than the igIMRT delivery. For the HDR, the rectal gBEUD analysis is strongly influenced by high dose DVH tails. A saturation BED, beyond which no further injury can occur, must be assumed. Modeling of organ motion uncertainties yields mean outcomes similar to static plan outcomes.
Emulsion copolymerization of azeotropic styrene-acrylonitrile monomer mixture in polystyrene seed latexes (1985)

The azeotropic 80:20 styrene-acrylonitrile mixture was polymerized in 190nm- and 300nm-diameter monodisperse polystyrene seed latexes by batch, batch-with-equilibrium-swelling, and semi-continuous polymerization. Polystyrene seed latexes were used to determine the degree of grafting of the substrate as well as the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer. The Arrhenius plot of log (polymerization rate) of the seeded batch copolymerizations with reciprocal temperature comprised two linear regions with a sharp inflection point at 65°C. Specific volume measurements showed that the Tg of the monomer-swollen styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer was also 65°C. The final latex comprised the original seed particles grown to a larger size and, in some cases, a new crop of particles formed during the polymerization. The critical factor determining the formation of new particles was the surface area of the seed latex: at or above 226 m2/dl, new particles were not formed; at or below 179 m2/dl, a new crop of particles was nucleated, the number increasing with decreasing surface area. The degree of grafting of the polystyrene seed substrate was greater for the smaller particle size seed latex, and increased exponentially with increasing seed surface area. The amount of grafted styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer determined the stability of the grafted particles in acetone, a good solvent for the copolymer. Dynamic mechanical spectroscopy showed that the continuous phase was either the polystyrene substrate (Tg 104°C) or the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer phase (Tg 120°C) except where the degree of grafting was high, in which case, the Tg was intermediate between the two values. Electron microscopy of thin film sections stained with ruthenium tetroxide confirmed which phase was continuous and showed interpenetrating networks for those systems of intermediate Tg.
A human cell atlas of fetal gene expression (2020)

The gene expression program underlying the specification of human cell types is of fundamental interest. We generated human cell atlases of gene expression and chromatin accessibility in fetal tissues. For gene expression, we applied three-level combinatorial indexing to >110 samples representing 15 organs, ultimately profiling ~4 million single cells. We leveraged the literature and other atlases to identify and annotate hundreds of cell types and subtypes, both within and across tissues. Our analyses focused on organ-specific specializations of broadly distributed cell types (such as blood, endothelial, and epithelial), sites of fetal erythropoiesis (which notably included the adrenal gland), and integration with mouse developmental atlases (such as conserved specification of blood cells). These data represent a rich resource for the exploration of in vivo human gene expression in diverse tissues and cell types.
2E1-1 Improvement for joint articulator of walking and stretching brace (2008)

A prototype lower limb training brace for the walking and the stretching in the physical rehabilitations. One of those brace was proposed as a light and thin brace using a thin joint articulator. The brace joint moved in high reduction ratio with laminated perfect and imperfect planetary gear's sandwich mechanism. Its reduction ratio is up to about 1/530. But in the actual operation articulator's power efficiency did not go up to be higher. To resolve these lowness problems is important for the general use as a thin and light type lower limb brace. Because the lower efficiency will causes to complain from noisy state and the heaviness for equipped by higher powerful large motor. Here some resolving idea was found that there is a gap between the theoretical reduction principle and the gear mesh phenomenon with its planetary carrier supporting,