gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coronary Plaque Microstructure and Composition Modify Optical Polarization (2017)

Intravascular measurements of birefringence and depolarization can be obtained using conventional OFDI catheters in conjunction with a modified console and signal processing algorithms. Polarimetric measurements enhance conventional OFDI by providing additional information related to the tissue composition and offer quantitative metrics enabling characterization of plaque features.
Infrared and Visible—Near Infrared Electroluminescence Developments for FA in AlGaN/GaN HEMTS on SiC (2010)

Abstract HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) are playing a key role for power and RF low noise applications. They are crucial components for the development of base stations in the telecommunications networks and for civil, defense and space radar applications. As well as the improvement of the MMIC performances, the localization of the defects and the failure analysis of these devices are very challenging. To face these challenges, we have developed a complete approach, without degrading the component, based on front side failure analysis by standard (Visible-NIR) and Infrared (range of wavelength: 3-5 µm) electroluminescence techniques. Its complementarities and efficiency have been demonstrated through two case studies.
Optical Activity and Ferroelectricity in Liquid Crystals (1986)

Some liquid-crystalline phases of optically active materials are themselves optically active and have dissymmetric structures. The cholesteric phase and smectics C,I, and F have a helical order of their molecules. Plane-polarized light is rotated by the helix, and when the pitch of the helix is comparable to the wavelength of visible light, these phases will reflect irridescent light of a single color. The smectics phases can exhibit ferroelectricity and have been utilized recently in fast-switching light valves. A relation between the microscopic property of molecular configuration and the macroscopic properties of ferroelectricity and the rotation of plane-polarized light is developed.
Correction: Protection of nonself surfaces from complement attack by factor h-binding peptides: implications for therapeutic medicine (2012)

at position 9.
Laconic: a novel flexible, programmable, laser controller IC for optical recording (2003)

An integrated circuit laser controller circuit, Laconic, in standard CMOS technology is presented that is flexible for optical recording formats such as CD-R/RW, DVD+R/RW and DVR/BRD at all speeds. It supports both CAV and CLV writing modes and features a new laser power control method with self-learning possibilities for accurate one-parameter power control. This IC also supports optimum power control (OPC) and Running-OPC control independent of LPC.
GaAs Solar Cells: Doubling the Power Output of Bifacial Thin‐Film GaAs Solar Cells by Embedding Them in Luminescent Waveguides (Adv. Energy Mater. 8/2013) (2013)

On page 991, Noel C. Giebink, John A. Rogers, and co-workers exploit microscale, bifacial thin-film GaAs solar cells embedded in luminescent substrates to double the output power under sunlight. The epitaxial liftoff and transfer printing techniques exhibit a potential for large-scale module production. Optimal design combines a free-standing waveguide layer with a diffuse backside reflector, delivering the highest photocurrent for microcells.
microRNA Expression during Trophectoderm Specification (2009)

We describe miRNA expression changes that occur during trophectoderm specification and validate that our in vitro system faithfully recapitulates trophectoderm specification in vivo. By comparing our in vitro and in vivo datasets, we have identified a minimal set of candidate miRNAs likely to play a role in trophectoderm specification. These miRNAs are predicted to regulate a host of development-associated target genes, and many of these miRNAs have previously reported roles in development and differentiation. Additionally, we highlight a number of miRNAs whose tight developmental regulation may reflect a functional role in other stages of embryogenesis. Our embryo profiling data may be useful to investigators studying trophectoderm specification and other stages of preimplantation development.
Building Grid Portals for e-Science: A Service Oriented Architecture (2007)

Abstract. Grids are built by communities who need a shared cyberinfrastructure to make progress on the critical problems they are currently confronting. A Grid portal is a conventional Web portal that sits on top of a rich collection of web services that allow a community of users access to shared data and application
Experimental Approaches for the Synthesis of Low-Valent Metal-Organic Frameworks from Multitopic Phosphine Linkers (2023)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are the subject of intense research focus due to their potential applications in gas storage and separation, biomedicine, energy, and catalysis. Recently, low-valent MOFs (LVMOFs) have been explored for their potential use as heterogeneous catalysts, and multitopic phosphine linkers have been shown to be a useful building block for the formation of LVMOFs. However, the synthesis of LVMOFs using phosphine linkers requires conditions that are distinct from those in the majority of the MOF synthetic literature, including the exclusion of air and water and the use of unconventional modulators and solvents, making it somewhat more challenging to access these materials. This work serves as a general tutorial for the synthesis of LVMOFs with phosphine linkers, including information on the following: 1) the judicious choice of the metal precursor, modulator, and solvent; 2) the experimental procedures, air-free techniques, and required equipment; 3) the proper storage and handling of the resultant LVMOFs; and 4) useful characterization methods for these materials. The intention of this report is to lower the barrier to this new subfield of MOF research and facilitate advancements toward novel catalytic materials.
Cell selection scheme for handover reduction based on moving direction and velocity of UEs for 5G multi-layered radio access networks (2018)

We propose a cell selection scheme based on the moving direction and velocity of a user that reduces the number of handovers resulting from the 5G multi-layered Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture. In 5G multi-layered RANs, features of each cell such as the frequency band, system bandwidth, communication range, and installation density are different according to the cell type and these cells are mixed and overlaid. In this environment, the number of handovers is expected to be increased due to the differences in characteristics of each cell. The existing criteria for cell selection schemes such as that based on power detection or signal quality do not limit the increase in the number of handovers resulting from the 5G multi-layered RAN architecture. Therefore, we propose a cell selection scheme that takes into consideration the direction of movement of the sets of user equipment (UE) and the location of candidate cells for connection. Moreover, the proposed scheme considers the velocity of the UE and the type of cell for connection. This achieves a reduction in the number of handovers and mitigates the degradation in communications quality resulting from a tradeoff from the reduction in the number of handovers. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is evaluated in a metropolitan environment that simulates the actual location of Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan based on computer simulations. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme requires 30% fewer handovers without any degradation in the average end-to-end transmission time compared to the conventional power detection based scheme.
1238 Separating the wheat from the chaff: Engineering CARTs with superior metabolic attributes against solid tumors (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> For cellular immunotherapies, clinical outcomes depend on the proliferative potency and metabolic fitness of the therapeutic product. For their most successful indications, CAR T cells are effective ‘serial killers,’ each T cell recognizing and eliminating many target cells. What fuels CAR T cell serial killing is unknown. Two critical events define the efficiency of T cell serial killing: migration and immune synapse formation/cytolysis. Importantly, each event is influenced by the local metabolic milieu. <h3>Methods</h3> Using a specialized CAR T cell conditioning regimen, the goal of this research to is determine the relative energy cost of migration versus cytolysis using innovative eSIGHT RTCA technology. Our project will reveal how the spare respiratory capacity (SRC), supports CAR T cell migration and/or cytolysis, founded on the hypothesis that cells that can replenish their SRC in repetitive antigen stimulation models, are more efficient serial killers. <h3>Results</h3> Our data sheds light on critical metabolic states that impair CAR T cell cytolytic activity. We also use multi-omic approaches to identify arginosuccinate synthase 1 (ASS1), a gene distinguishable at the metabolic (Seahorse), transcriptional (RNAseq), epigenetic level (ATAC seq), and functional (tumor clearance in vivo) in CAR T cells. Supporting the premise of our work, we show that ASS1 supports high SRC levels despite frequent antigen encounter in repetitive stimulation models in vitro. In parallel work, we provide data that reductive glutamine metabolism is enhanced in 28zCARTs, suggesting mechanisms for why 28zCARTs outperform BBz CARTs in some hypoxic tumor models (figure1B). We also show that expressing isoforms of the GOT family of amino transaminases enhance CAR T cell anti-tumor function (figure 1A&amp;C). Given the prior link connecting reductive glutamine metabolism and GOT1 in Jurkat cells we hypothesize a fundamental link, involving reductive glutamine metabolism, GOT1-mediated aspartate replenishment, and fumarate production via ASS1, to support mitochondrial function and serial killing in CAR T cells (figure 1D). <h3>Conclusions</h3> Our findings reveal unique conditioning and genetic strategies to arm CAR T cells with unique metabolic attributes against solid tumors.
A New Carpet Wear Simulator (1994)

Changes in the appearance of carpet pile are brought about by several methods of mechanical wear. These machines subject carpet samples to a compression force. We introduce a new system where the samples are subjected to repeated torsion and compression loads. Changes in appearance are monitored and quantified using image analysis methods.
Phosphorylation-dependent Regulation of Phospholipase D2 by Protein Kinase Cδ in Rat Pheochromocytoma PC12 Cells (2002)

Many studies have shown that protein kinase C (PKC) is an important physiological regulator of phospholipase D (PLD). However, the role of PKC in agonist-induced PLD activation has been mainly investigated with a focus on the PLD1, which is one of the two PLD isoenzymes (PLD1 and PLD2) cloned to date. Since the expression of PLD2 significantly enhanced phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)- or bradykinin-induced PLD activity in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, we investigated the regulatory mechanism of PLD2 in PC12 cells. Two different PKC inhibitors, GF109203X and Ro-31-8220, completely blocked PMA-induced PLD2 activation. In addition, specific inhibition of PKC delta by rottlerin prevented PLD2 activation in PMA-stimulated PC12 cells. Concomitant with PLD2 activation, PLD2 became phosphorylated upon PMA or bradykinin treatment of PC12 cells. Moreover, rottlerin blocked PMA- or bradykinin-induced PLD2 phosphorylation in PC12 cells. Expression of a kinase-deficient mutant of PKC delta using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer inhibited the phosphorylation and activation of PLD2 induced by PMA in PC12 cells, suggesting the phosphorylation-dependent regulation of PLD2 mediated by PKC delta kinase activity in PC12 cells. PKC delta co-immunoprecipitated with PLD2 from PC12 cell extracts, and associated with PLD2 in vitro in a PMA-dependent manner. Phospho-PLD2 immunoprecipitated from PMA-treated PC12 cells and PLD2 phosphorylated in vitro by PKC delta were resolved by two-dimensional phosphopeptide mapping and compared. At least seven phosphopeptides co-migrated, indicating the direct phosphorylation of PLD2 by PKC delta inside the cells. Immunocytochemical studies of PC12 cells revealed that after treatment with PMA, PKC delta was translocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane where PLD2 is mainly localized. These results suggest that PKC delta-dependent direct phosphorylation plays an important role in the regulation of PLD2 activity in PC12 cells.
High-efficiency diffractive micromachined chopper for infrared wavelength and its application to a pyroelectric infrared sensor (1998)

We have developed a diffractive micromachined chopper (DMC) for an IR wavelength of ~10 mum. This device operates mechanically by movable reflection grating beams. It modulates the diffraction efficiency by controlling the displacement of grating beams by an electrostatic force. For a CO(2) laser beam, a high modulation efficiency of 84% with an -0.8-dB small insertion loss was obtained by detecting 0th-order diffracted light. A novel pyroelectric IR microsensor with a DMC and a diffractive multilevel Si microlens was proposed and it demonstrated the detection of human existence.
The Value of a Central Image Management System (CIMS) in the Conduct of Randomized Controlled Trials of Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis (UC) (2012)

Purpose: Increased reliance has been placed on the use of endoscopic scoring as inclusion criteria and outcome measures in clinical trials for UC. Central scoring (CS), in distinction to site investigator scoring (SIS), has potential for reducing both bias and measurement variability. Methods: We utilized data from a placebo-controlled randomized trial of Asacol®, an 800 mg formulation of mesalamine, conducted in patients with mildly-to-moderately active UC. Eligible patients had a Mayo Clinic endoscopy sub-score ≥2 with a total Mayo Clinic score of 4-10 points (inclusive). Patients were randomized 1:1 to treatment with Asacol® 4.8 g/day or placebo for 10 weeks. Outcomes were assessed at weeks 6 and 10. We performed posthoc exploratory efficacy analyses comparing clinical and endoscopic outcomes at week 6 in SIS (ITT) and CS-defined endoscopically eligible populations. We also compared week 6 outcomes in CS-eligible patients using site versus central scoring. Results: A total of 281 patients comprised the SIS (ITT) population. Of these, 194 (69%) were considered eligible by CS and were included from CS-based analyses. See Table 1 for week 6 results. The effect size (percent difference Asacol® minus placebo) was consistently greater for all outcomes in the CS-versus SIS (ITT)-defined population. Placebo rates were uniformly greater in the SIS (ITT) population due to the inclusion of patients with low endoscopic disease activity as judged by the central reader. However, within the CS-defined population, no difference in effect size was observed between CS- and SIS-based outcomes at week 6.Table: [1454] Week 6 efficacy analysesConclusion: CS evaluation of endoscopic eligibility criteria has the potential to improve efficiency of randomized controlled trials of induction therapy in UC by minimizing inclusion of patients with low endoscopic disease activity who increase placebo rates. No difference was detected in effect size generated by CS and SIS when the eligible population was defined by CS. The rights to Asacol®, including the rights to the trademark Asacol®, are not owned by Tillotts Pharma AG in any of the following countries: Switzerland, USA, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. Disclosure: Dr. Feagan - Advisory Board Member Tillotts. Dr. Sandborn - Advisory Board Member: Tillotts. Dr. D'Haens - Received speaking honoraria: Tillotts. Dr. Rutgeerts - Advisory Board Member: Tillotts. Dr. Munkholm - Advisory Board Member: Tillotts. Dr. Mittmann - Consultant: Tillotts. Dr. Gilgen - Employee: Tillotts. This research was supported by an industry grant from Tillotts.
Facile P–C bond cleavage in the reactions of nitrile oxides with zerovalent triphenylphosphine platinum complexes (1981)

Stable nitrile oxides react with Pt(PPh3)2L (L = PPh3,C2H4) to give 1 : 1 products; X-ray studies show that the nitrile oxide is deoxygenated by triphenyl-phosphine and that a phenyl group migrates to the platinum atom to give the complexes [Pt(Ph)(OPPh2)(RCN)(PPh3)].
A 2D automatic converted-wave static-correction algorithm (2016)

Although multicomponent data acquisition opens the door for sharper seismic images and more accurate subsurface characterization, it also brings many challenges into multicomponent data processing. Among these challenges, converted-wave (S-wave) static correction is significant. Due to the fact that the earth may have dramatically different velocity responses to P- and S-waves, P-wave statics and S-wave statics should be treated as two independent problems; as a result, approximating S-wave statics by a simple scaling of the P-wave statics is not a satisfying solution. A new automatic S-wave static-correction algorithm is proposed and has been successfully applied on a full-fold Arabian Gulf ocean-bottom-cable (OBC) data set with promising results.
ChemInform Abstract: Claisen Rearrangement of Z‐ and E‐4,5‐Dimethoxy‐2‐prenyloxycinnamic Acids: Formation of Scopoletin, Suberosin and 3‐Prenylscoparone. (1988)

Abstract In order to prepare the methyl ether of obliquetin, scoparone (I) is transformed to the Z‐acid (III) which is subjected to Claisen rearrangement.
Simultaneous identification of microparticles material nature and size distribution using spectral resonances in MIR-ATR spectroscopy (2023)

Analysis of microparticles in liquid samples is important in many settings, such as the analysis of bacteria in biofluids, or microplastics in water. In addition to their specific absorbance peaks, microparticles result in ripples in the ATR spectra measured especially in the shorter wavelength range due to resonance effects. By analyzing these ripples, in addition to the absorbance peaks, the microparticles material and size distribution can be simultaneously identified. We develop a method to extract the size distribution of particles of diameter 6 μm and 10 μm. In addition, we apply the model to ATR spectroscopic measurements of poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres of different diameters in water to extract their size.
Evaluation of 1200 V-Si-IGBTs and 1300 V-SiC-JFETs for application in three-phase very sparse matrix AC-AC converter systems (2003)

In this paper based on experimental investigations of the power semiconductor switching behavior and on analytical calculations the conduction and switching losses of it three-phase very sparse AC-AC matrix converter (VSMC) supplying a permanent magnet synchronous motor are discussed in detail. There, 1200 V-Si-IGBTs/1200 V-Si-ultra-fast-recovery diodes and 1300 V-SiC-JFET/Si-MOSFET cascodes are employed for realizing the converter power circuit. The worst case operating conditions are identified and the efficiencies resulting in dependency of the switching frequency and load current amplitude are shown in graphical form. Furthermore, the operating range of the VSMC with respect to the maximum admissible junction temperature of the power semiconductors is determined. Finally, topics to be treated in the continuation of the research are discussed briefly.
Keynote Speaker (2007)

An Introduction to Network Coding Network coding is an emerging area that re-examines fundamental principles of network information flow. The main idea is that we allow intermediate nodes in a network to not only forward but also to process the incoming information flows. The network code is the set of the operations that intermediate nodes perform. This simple idea promises to have a significant impact in diverse areas that include multicasting, reliable delivery, resource sharing, efficient flow control and security. In this talk we will first briefly introduce network coding, and then focus on two particular aspects: how can network coding help with network monitoring, and how can network monitoring be utilized by network coding. Abstract: Network coding is an emerging area that re-examines fundamental principles of network information flow. The main idea is that we allow intermediate nodes in a network to not only forward but also to process the incoming information flows. The network code is the set of the operations that intermediate nodes perform. This simple idea promises to have a significant impact in diverse areas that include multicasting, reliable delivery, resource sharing, efficient flow control and security. In this talk we will first briefly introduce network coding, and then focus on two particular aspects: how can network coding help with network monitoring, and how can network monitoring be utilized by network coding.
Calmodulin stimulation of 45Ca2+ transport and protein phosphorylation in cholinergic synaptic vesicles. (1982)

Cholinergic synaptic vesicles isolated from the electric organ of Torpedo californica exhibit ATP-dependent uptake of 45Ca2+ that is stimulated by exogenous calmodulin. ATP-independent uptake also occurs, but it is only weakly stimulated by calmodulin. Saturating calmodulin decreased the Michaelis constant for ATP-dependent 45Ca2+ uptake from 52 +/- 0.4 to 12 +/- 0.2 microM and increased the maximal velocity from 3.4 +/- 0.3 to 5.2 +/- 0.5 nmol/mg of protein per min. The dose-response curve for calmodulin-dependent stimulation showed a maximal increase of 3.5-fold in the uptake rate; 0.2 microM calmodulin gave half-maximal stimulation. The activity of the vesicle-associated ATPase was unaffected. Incubation of vesicles with [gamma-32P]ATP and Ca2+ resulted in phosphorylation of four polypeptides of molecular weights about 64,000, 58,000, 54,000, and 41,000 when calmodulin was added. Vesicles that were previously phosphorylated and purified exhibited 2-fold enhanced ATP-independent uptake of 45Ca2+. Cyclic AMP could not substitute for calmodulin. The calcium transport system of the cholinergic synaptic vesicle is regulated by a calcicalmodulin-dependent protein kinase that is vesicle-associated.
Development and use of influenza vaccines. (1981)

The development and use of effective influenza vaccines remains an important aspect of attempts to control the disease. Most influenza vaccination programmes use inactivated vaccines, but attenuated live vaccines are used in several countries. Studies comparing the relative efficacies of live and inactivated vaccines are needed.
Critique of the Analysis of UpToDate.com on the Treatment of Painful Vertebral Compression Fractures: Time to Update UpToDate (2014)

The treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures has changed substantially since the introduction of vertebroplasty in the mid-1980s and balloon kyphoplasty in the late 1990s. Both procedures were widely accepted with the vertebral fractures treated reaching 150,000 per annum in 2009 prior to the publication of 2 randomized controlled trials comparing vertebroplasty with a sham treatment published in the New England Journal of Medicine in August 2009. Since then, there has been a flood of information on vertebral augmentation and balloon kyphoplasty. It is worth evaluating this information especially because it relates to current recommendations that are often followed blindly by medical and administrative groups unfamiliar with either the procedure or the high level of evidence surrounding vertebral augmentation. To streamline the evaluation of some current recommendations, we limited the analysis to the recommendations found on UpToDate.com. This Web site is an evidence-based, peer-reviewed source of information available for patients, doctors, health insurance companies, and population-based medical decision-making.