gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iron-containing, high aspect ratio clay as nanoarmor that imparts substantial thermal/flame protection to polyurethane with a single electrostatically-deposited bilayer (2014)

Single bilayer polymer/clay nanobrick wall self-assembled thin films, deposited as a continuous coating on open-celled polyurethane foam, cut peak heat release rate in half with only 3.2 wt% addition.
Heterodyne measurement of resonant elastic scattering from epitaxial quantum dots (2013)

Resonant elastic scattering from InAs quantum dots (QDs) is studied by heterodyne spectroscopy. We show theoretically that heterodyne spectroscopy of a two-level quantum emitter is not sensitive to the inelastic fluorescence component. In practice, we easily measure the elastic emission even when the fluorescence is dominated by inelastic scattering. We are able to distinguish the resonant elastic fluorescence from a large background of scattered pump light by modulating the QD transition frequency with a surface acoustic wave. The signal linewidth is 250 Hz, limited by vibration-induced phase noise in the optical fibers used for resonant optical drive and fluorescence collection.
Correction to: The impact of Hayward green kiwifruit on dietary protein digestion and protein metabolism (2020)

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. Unfortunately, the Figs. 3 and 4 overlapped. Figures 3 and 4 should be.
Securing CNN Model and Biometric Template using Blockchain (2019)

Blockchain has emerged as a leading technology that ensures security in a distributed framework. Recently, it has been shown that blockchain can be used to convert traditional blocks of any deep learning models into secure systems. In this research, we model a trained biometric recognition system in an architecture which leverages the blockchain technology to provide fault tolerant access in a distributed environment. The advantage of the proposed approach is that tampering in one particular component alerts the whole system and helps in easy identification of `any' possible alteration. Experimentally, with different biometric modalities, we have shown that the proposed approach provides security to both deep learning model and the biometric template.
Matcha green tea beverage moderates fatigue and supports resistance training-induced adaptation (2023)

Daily intake of matcha green tea beverages may help in muscle adaptation to training, with modulations in stress and fatigue responses and microbiota composition.
Poly(vinylsulfonic acid)-grafted solid catalysts: new materials for acid-catalysed organic synthetic reactions (2010)

The synthesis, characterisation and application of novel high-density poly(vinylsulfonic acid)-grafted solid acid catalysts are described. A graft, radical polymerization procedure was employed, allowing the immobilisation of the acid form of vinylsulfonic acid monomer onto various carrier materials, such as polystyrene, silica or polysaccharide-based gels. The highest acid-exchange capacity (as determined by acid–base titration methods) achieved with these new materials was 5.2 mmol H+ g−1. The properties of these PVS-grafted materials as solid state acid catalysts have been examined from several perspectives, including their fundamental properties as materials with extremely high acid dissociation characteristics, their structural features as revealed from IR and solid-state NMR measurements, their thermal stability properties, and their surface morphologies, humidity dependencies and functionality. Compared to many other types of acid catalysts, these high-density poly(vinylsulfonic acid)-grafted materials demonstrated superior catalytic performance in esterification, Friedel–Crafts acylation, and condensation reactions. Moreover, these novel materials show high stability, significant anticorrosion capability and can be easily recycled.
Attachment site(s) of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin. (1981)

After chemical reduction of the retinylidene-lysine Schiff base linkage in bacteriorhodopsin, the retinyl residue is covalently attached to Lys-216 (with a possible minor fraction on Lys-172) or to both Lys-216(172) and Lys-40/41. The linkage site (up to 100% on Lys-216; up to 70% on Lys-40/41) depends on whether the sample is reduced in the light or dark, whether the sample is light or dark adapted, and on temperature. Absorbance and circular dichroism spectra indicate that the retinyl residue is in its original binding site after reduction in the light. Thus, the different attachment sites may reflect changes that occur during the photoreaction cycle or during light/dark adaptation, or the reduction of accidental physiologically irrelevant Schiff base linkages to lysines close to the normal linkage in the structure of bacteriorhodopsin. In either case, the retinal does not leave its binding site. This last point severely limits the possible arrangements of the amino acid sequence in the bacteriorhodopsin tertiary structure and clearly distinguishes two models that are consistent with all criteria.
Antenna Array Enabled Space/Air/Ground Communications and Networking for 6G (2022)

Antenna arrays have a long history of more than 100 years and have evolved closely with the development of electronic and information technologies, playing an indispensable role in wireless communications and radar. With the rapid development of electronic and information technologies, the demand for all-time, all-domain, and full-space network services has exploded, and new communication requirements have been put forward on various space/air/ground platforms. To meet the ever increasing requirements of the future sixth generation (6G) wireless communications, such as high capacity, wide coverage, low latency, and strong robustness, it is promising to employ different types of antenna arrays (e.g., phased arrays, digital arrays, and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, etc.) with various beamforming technologies (e.g., analog beamforming, digital beamforming, hybrid beamforming, and passive beamforming, etc.) in space/air/ground communication networks, bringing in advantages such as considerable antenna gains, multiplexing gains, and diversity gains. However, enabling antenna array for space/air/ground communication networks poses specific, distinctive and tricky challenges, which has aroused extensive research attention. This paper aims to overview the field of antenna array enabled space/air/ground communications and networking. The technical potentials and challenges of antenna array enabled space/air/ground communications and networking are presented first. Subsequently, the antenna array structures and designs are discussed. We then discuss various emerging technologies facilitated by antenna arrays to meet the new communication requirements of space/air/ground communication systems. Enabled by these emerging technologies, the distinct characteristics, challenges, and solutions for space communications, airborne communications, and ground communications are reviewed. Finally, we present promising directions for future research in antenna array enabled space/air/ground communications and networking.
Challenges and Opportunities in Wearable Systems (2017)

Wearable systems offer great promise in application domains as varied as healthcare, eldercare, augmented work, education, athletics, entertainment, parenting, travel, and personal productivity. In this keynote lecture I outline some of these opportunities and identify some of the many challenges we face in developing wearable technology that realize those opportunities. Notably, I anticipate wearable technology raising significant security risks and privacy issues--challenges we must address as we design and develop wearable devices, systems, and applications if we hope to see this technology widely accepted and adopted. Strong (and usable) security mechanisms are essential for safety-critical applications; meaningful privacy protections are essential for systems that accompany us through our private and public life. By raising these concerns today, I seek to ensure the wearable systems of tomorrow will have strong and usable security and privacy properties.
Velocitv SPace Diffusion in Q-Machine Plasmas d I (1992)

We report measurements of test particle diffusion in velocity space. Test particles are created and examined using the method of optical tagging, an extension of laser-induced fluorescence. In quiet plasma conditions (6n/n 5 0.01 %) results show diffusion to be linear with density in agreement with clas- sical theory. Measurements taken in the presence of drift waves (dn/n N 6%) show resonant particle interactions. Applications to magnetospheric phenomena will be discussed.
Automatic modulation recognition of digitally modulated signals (2003)

A modulation recognizer that automatically reports modulation types of constant-envelope modulated signals is developed using zero-crossing techniques. The zero-crossing sampler, as a signal conditioner, has the advantage of providing accurate phase transition information over a wide dynamic frequency range. Signal parameters, such as zero-crossing variance, carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR), and carrier frequency, are estimated. Phase-difference and zero-crossing-interval histograms play the roles of features for modulation recognition. The classifier performance is given in the form of a confusion matrix. The obtained simulation results demonstrate that reasonable average probability of correct classification is achievable at CNR=15 dB and higher.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Real-Time Monitoring of Sand Control Completions (2010)

Abstract Subsurface geomechanical stresses can cause formation faults, slippage, and compaction. These movements result in well failures, impacting production and resulting in significant expense and lost revenue. Traditional means for detecting such failures are limited and usually require interrupting production to re-enter the well, resulting in late detection of the problem and limited counteractive options. A fiber optic support device has been developed to permanently monitor strain and temperature on sand screen products for gravel-pack and frac-pack applications. This technology, especially when paired with an optical wet connect, provides for long-term reservoir monitoring at the sand face, resulting in early detection of subsurface movements at a high resolution. With this information, operators can plan early mitigative actions, and monitor the results of these actions in real time. This fiber support device provides a means of holding a helically wrapped optic fiber rigidly in place at the sand face, with no negative impact on the sand control functionality of the sand screens. New techniques were developed to manufacture this technology, as well as a new method to install the fiber. Dry connects have also been developed to allow connections between individual sand screens and enable longer monitored intervals. The paper will describe this new technology, review test results to date, and discuss potential applications.
On the impact of realistic control channel constraints in UTRAN LTE TDD system (2010)

This paper focuses on the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) and describes the impact of its realistic constraints on the performance in E-UTRAN LTE TDD system, particularly considering the asymmetric slot resources between downlink and uplink. It is described, when adopting the same PDCCH manager framework in LTE FDD system as in LTE FDD system, the uplink users are not prioritized sufficiently regarding less uplink subframe under most of TDD UL/DL configurations. Therefore, it is proposed, the joint list in the PDCCH manager framework can be adjusted semi-statically to perfectly match TDD UL/DL configurations, and assuming ideal traffic monitoring this can furthermore provide more freedom and flexibility for wider range of UL/DL service requirement, without changing the overall TDD UL/DL configurations. The simulation results proved that the TDD-oriented PDCCH framework can satisfy UL/DL traffic requirement via exploiting the flexibility of joint list based on semi-statistically monitoring and adjustment.
Factors That Explain Excretion of Enteric Pathogens by Persons Without Diarrhea (2012)

Excretion of enteropathogens by subjects without diarrhea influences our appreciation of the role of these pathogens as etiologic agents. Characteristics of the pathogens and host and environmental factors help explain asymptomatic excretion of diarrheal pathogens by persons without diarrhea. After causing acute diarrhea followed by clinical recovery, some enteropathogens are excreted asymptomatically for many weeks. Thus, in a prevalence survey of persons without diarrhea, some may be excreting pathogens from diarrheal episodes experienced many weeks earlier. Volunteer challenges with Vibrio cholerae O1, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), enteropathogenic E. coli, Campylobacter jejuni, and Giardia lamblia document heterogeneity among enteropathogen strains, with some inexplicably not eliciting diarrhea. The immune host may not manifest diarrhea following ingestion of a pathogen but may nevertheless asymptomatically excrete. Some human genotypes render them less susceptible to symptomatic or severe diarrheal infection with certain pathogens such as Vibrio cholerae O1 and norovirus. Pathogens in stools of individuals without diarrhea may reflect recent ingestion of inocula too small to cause disease in otherwise susceptible hosts or of animal pathogens (eg, bovine or porcine ETEC) that do not cause human illness.
The cellular proteins which can associate specifically with polyomavirus middle T antigen in human 293 cells include the major human 70-kilodalton heat shock proteins (1989)

We compared the proteins which associate with middle T antigen (MT) of polyomavirus in human cells infected with Ad5(pymT), a recombinant adenovirus which directs the overexpression of MT, with the MT-associated proteins (MTAPs) previously identified in murine fibroblasts expressing MT. MTAPs of 27, 29, 36, and 63 kilodaltons (kDa) appeared to be fairly well conserved between the two species, as judged by comigration on two-dimensional gels. Several 61-kDa MTAP species detected in MT immunoprecipitates from both cell sources also comigrated on these gels. However, no protein comigrating precisely with the murine 85-kDa MTAP could be detected in the human cells. Furthermore, two proteins of 72 and 74 kDa associated with wild-type MT in the infected human cells but not in murine fibroblasts expressing MT. It had been previously reported for murine cells that the 70-kDa heat shock protein associates with a particular mutant MT but not with wild-type MT (G. Walter, A. Carbone, and W.J. Welch, J. Virol. 61:405-410, 1987). By the criteria of comigration on two-dimensional gels, tryptic peptide mapping, and immunoblotting, we showed that the 72- and 74-kDa proteins that associate with wild-type MT in human cells are the major human 70-kDa heat shock proteins.
Evaluation of recombinant monoclonal antibody SVmab1 binding to NaV1.7 target sequences and block of human NaV1.7 currents (2016)

Identification of small and large molecule pain therapeutics that target the genetically validated voltage-gated sodium channel Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 is a challenging endeavor under vigorous pursuit. The monoclonal antibody SVmab1 was recently published to bind the Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 DII voltage sensor domain and block human Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 sodium currents in heterologous cells. We produced purified SVmab1 protein based on publically available sequence information, and evaluated its activity in a battery of binding and functional assays. Herein, we report that our recombinant SVmAb1 does not bind peptide immunogen or purified Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 DII voltage sensor domain via ELISA, and does not bind Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 in live HEK293, U-2 OS, and CHO-K1 cells via FACS. Whole cell manual patch clamp electrophysiology protocols interrogating diverse Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 gating states in HEK293 cells, revealed that recombinant SVmab1 does not block Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 currents to an extent greater than observed with an isotype matched control antibody. Collectively, our results show that recombinant SVmab1 monoclonal antibody does not bind Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 target sequences or specifically inhibit Na <sub>V</sub>1.7 current.
Achieving high-resolution in flat-panel imagers for digital radiography (1999)

Amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) matrix-addressed imager sensors are the leading new technology for digital medical x-ray imaging. Large-area systems are now commercially available with good resolution and large dynamic range. These systems image x-rays either by detecting light emission from a phosphor screen onto an a-Si:H photodiode, or by collecting ionization charge in a thick x-ray absorbing photoconductor with as selenium, and both approaches have been widely discussed in the literature. While these systems meet the performance needs for general radiographic imaging, further improvements in sensitivity, noise and resolution are needed to fully satisfy the requirements for fluoroscopy and mammography. The approach taken for this paper uses indirect detection, with a phosphor layer for x-ray conversion. The thin a-Si:H photodiode layer for detects the scintillation light. In contrast with the present generation of devices, which have a mesa-isolated sensor at each pixel, these imagers use a continuous sensor covering the entire front surface of the array. The p<SUP>+</SUP> and i layers of a-Si:H are continuous, while the n<SUP>+</SUP> contact has been patterned to isolate adjacent pixels. The continuous photodiode layer maximizes light absorption from the phosphor and provides high x-ray conversion efficiency.
Common Coding Variants of the HNF1A Gene Are Associated With Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Phenotypes in Community-Based Samples of Younger and Older European-American Adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study and The Cardiovascular Health Study (2020)

The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF-1) α regulates the activity of a number of genes involved in innate immunity, blood coagulation, lipid and glucose transport and metabolism, and cellular detoxification. Common polymorphisms of the HNF-1α gene (HNF1A) were recently associated with plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentration in middle-aged to older European-Americans (EA).
A method for characterizing carbon nanotubes (2001)

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy of a multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) at elevated temperatures were studied. Although the observation was carried out at 200 kV, the crystal structures of the MWCNT were observed without introducing defects. In addition, contamination on the MWCNT, such as nanobubbles, was removed during the observation at 600 degrees C. In this paper, we report the observation conditions and experimental results. The experimental results obtained both at 600 degrees C and at room temperature were compared.
Biocompatibility and Reduced Drug Absorption of Sol−Gel-Treated Poly(dimethyl siloxane) for Microfluidic Cell Culture Applications (2010)

Poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic devices are now commonly used for a wide variety of biological experiments, including cell culture assays. However, the porous, hydrophobic polymer matrix of PDMS rapidly absorbs small hydrophobic molecules, including hormones and most small-molecule drugs. This makes it challenging to perform experiments that require such substances in PDMS microfluidic devices. This study presents evidence that a sol-gel treatment of PDMS that fills the polymer matrix with silica nanoparticles is effective at reducing the absorption of drugs into the material while preserving its biocompatibility, transparency, and oxygen permeability. We show that the absorption of two anticancer drugs, camptothecin and a kinase inhibitor, is reduced to such an extent that on-chip microfluidic cell culture experiments can recapitulate the results obtained off-chip.
Treating Interference as Noise in Cellular Networks: A Stochastic Geometry Approach (2019)

The interference management technique that treats interference as noise (TIN) is optimal when the interference is sufficiently weak. Scheduling algorithms based on the TIN optimality condition have recently been proposed, e.g., for application to device-to-device communications. TIN, however, has never been applied to cellular networks. In this work, we propose a scheduling algorithm for application to cellular networks that is based on the TIN optimality condition. In the proposed scheduling algorithm, each base station (BS) first randomly selects a user equipment (UE) in its coverage region, and then checks the TIN optimality conditions. If the latter conditions are not fulfilled, the BS is turned off. In order to assess the performance of TIN applied to cellular networks, we introduce an analytical framework with the aid of stochastic geometry theory. We develop, in particular, tractable expressions of the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) coverage probability and average rate of cellular networks. In addition, we carry out asymptotic analysis to find the optimal system parameters that maximize the SINR coverage probability. By using the optimized system parameters, it is shown that TIN applied to cellular networks yields significant gains in terms of SINR coverage probability and average rate. Specifically, the numerical results show that average rate gains of the order of 21% over conventional scheduling algorithms are obtained.
Fluorine‐Passivated Electroless Ni‐P Films (1994)

An optimal nickel difluoride film‐formation technology has been investigated for electroless Ni‐P deposited films, where highly sensitive electrochemical anodic polarization measurement and thin‐film x‐ray diffraction (XRD) studies using low incident angle have been employed to establish this technology. Electroless Ni‐P deposited films have an amorphous structure as deposited which is converted into crystalline structure such as nickel phosphides ( or ) with heating, this is undesirable for the formation of homogeneous fluorine passivation films. Low incident angle XRD allows us to determine the fluoridation conditions where the films little include these nickel phosphides crystals. Further, anodic polarization measurement curves support the film‐formation conditions (temperatures, fluorine concentration) of nickel difluoride and the effect of heat‐treatment after fluoridation. The low fluoridation temperature at ca.300°C is not sufficient and low fluorine concentration is also unfavorable for the fluoridation of the electroless Ni‐P deposited films. We conducted several evaluations such as corrosion resistance, outgassing characteristics, and plasma resistance using the nickel difluoride films formed by the most favorable condition.
Block interlaced pinwheel error diffusion (2005)

Error diffusion is a popular halftoning algorithm that in its most widely used form, is inherently serial. As a serial algorithm, error diffusion offers limited opportunity for large-scale parallelism. In some implementations, it may also result in excessive bus traffic between the on-chip processor and the off-chip memory used to store the modified continuous-tone image and the halftone image. We introduce a new error diffusion algorithm in which the image is processed in two groups of interlaced blocks. Within each group, the blocks may be processed entirely independently. In the first group, the error diffusion proceeds along an outward spiral from the center of the block. Errors along the boundaries of blocks in the first group are diffused into neighboring blocks in the second group, within which the error diffusion spirals inward. A tone-dependent error diffusion training framework is used to eliminate artifacts associated with the spiral scan paths. We demonstrate image quality that is close to that achieved by conventional line-by-line error diffusion.