gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal expansion of silicate glass‐forming systems at high temperatures from topological pruning of ring structures (2020)

Abstract The thermal expansion of a silicate glass system containing four types of modifiers at temperatures above the glass transition can be correlated with changes in medium range order (viz., the ring size distribution) without significant modifications in short range order such as Si coordination and Q‐speciation. An empirical linear relation between the network densities of the two groups of silicate glass‐forming systems and their characteristic ring size has been found using the topological pruning picture proposed by Stixrude and Bukowinski (Am Mineral, 1990, 75:1159‐69). Although variation in thermal expansion among different samples exists, for individual composition of the glass‐forming liquids, a strong linear correlation exists between the ring size distribution and the thermal expansion contributed by both configurational change and thermal vibration. The ring evolution of the glass‐forming liquid driven by temperature has been modeled by assuming an Arrhenius‐like activation picture for small member rings and treated as constant numbers for large rings. The compositional dependence of the ring structure can be reflected in the mixed‐alkali or alkaline‐earth effect on the small ring activation energy.
Integration of Bulk Nanoporous Elements in Microfluidic Devices With Application to Biomedical Diagnostics (2011)

We demonstrate integration of ultraporous (99% porous) elements composed of nanoporous forests of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VA-CNTs, or VACNTs) in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), illustrating their use in fluidic applications for biomedical diagnostics. Our method enables definition of high-aspect-ratio (~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> , heights ~100 μm, and pore spacings ~10 nm) nanoporous elements and preserves the VACNT elements' shapes even under flowthrough conditions. The fluid permeability of the VACNT elements is measured experimentally and shown to be comparable to that of much larger micro- and macroscopic porous materials. Permeability tailoring of VACNT elements through manipulation of both material and CNT growth process parameters is also experimentally demonstrated. Distinct from solid designs (e.g., Si and polydimethylsiloxane), our approach enables fluid flow both around and through the nanoporous microfluidic elements, hence enhancing isolation efficiency by increased physical interaction between the particles in the flow and the functional elements. Simultaneous multiphysics (chemical and mechanical) and multiscale (several orders of magnitude in size) isolation of bioparticles using microfluidic devices with nanoporous elements is demonstrated as well.
Binocular interactions in normal and anomalous binocular vision: effects of flicker. (1982)

Temporal modulation thresholds were determined for monocular viewing and for binocular viewing of stimuli presented in phase or in counterphase to each eye of observers with normal binocular vision and those lacking stereopsis. The results showed that in individuals with normal binocular vision sensitivity was much greater for in-phase than for counterphase stimulation at low temporal frequencies, but that this superiority declined at higher temporal frequencies. Averaged across frequencies, binocular sensitivity for in-phase stimulation was 40-50% higher than monocular sensitivity. In contrast, in the observers lacking stereopsis the ratios of binocular in-phase/monocular sensitivity averaged 1.02, and there were no significant differences in sensitivity to in-phase and counterphase stimulation. This failure of binocular integration at threshold does not result from differences in transmission time between the 2 eyes. However, while individuals lacking stereopsis showed an absence of binocular interaction for uniform-field flicker at threshold, they showed suprathreshold dichoptic temporal frequency masking which was similar to that found in normal persons.
GENDER-RELATED DIFFERENCES IN GENE EXPRESSION OF THE LACRIMAL GLAND. (2000)

Third International Conference on the Lacrimal Gland, Tear Film and Dry Eye Syndromes: Basic Science and Clinical Relevance: Maui, Hawaii; November 15-18, 2000: Abstracts
A Method for Gear Impact Suppression In Torsion Torque Control of Two-Inertia Systems with Backlash (2021)

Torsion torque control has been successfully applied in powertrains for automotive systems, and in robotics for improving the performance of load-side control and increasing backdrivability of robots. However its performance is severely compromised when backlash is present in the transmission, as the reengaging of the mechanical components causes a excessive impact torque in the system. Conventional gear impact suppression methods require the use of load-side encoders and backlash models, which could be costly and difficult to implement, particularly in robots. This paper proposes a gear impact suppression method based on a impact torque suppressor (ITS), which consists of scheduled torque-derivative-feedback directly to the joint torsional dynamics. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Z-SCAN AND EZ-SCAN MEASUREMENTS OF OPTICAL NONLINEARITIES (1994)

We describe the application of single beam propagation methods, namely Z-scan and EZ-scan, for the determination of nonlinear refractive indices in materials including thin films. In these experiments the transmittance of a sample is measured either through a finite aperture (Z-scan) or around an eclipsing disk (EZ-scan) placed in the far-field as the sample is moved along the propagation path (Z) of a focused beam. Both methods can also be used to separately measure the nonlinear absorption so that both the real and imaginary parts of the nonlinear susceptibility are determined along with their signs. The sensitivity to induced phase distortion depends on the sensitivity of the measuring apparatus to transmittance changes ΔT. For the 10 Hz repetition rate Nd:YAG lasers used in our experiments, we can detect ΔT≃10 −3 . This leads to a sensitivity to optical path length changes of λ/10 3 for the Z-scan and λ/10 4 for the EZ-scan where λ is the wavelength. This interferometric sensitivity, using a single beam, allows measurement of nonlinear refraction in thin films without the need for using a waveguiding geometry.
Utilization of full spectrum space in single-sensor-based optical dynamic measurement (2010)

In recent years, interferometry-based dynamic measurement has been widely used in industrial area for noncontact measurement of vibration or continuous deformation. In dynamic measurement, the traditional phase extraction method, phase shifting technique, is not easily accomplished with either high-speed camera or single-pixel photo detector. Hence spectrum analysis becomes a predominant method to extract transient phases. Due to the development of high-speed cameras and photo detectors, now it is possible to encode different information at separated positions in spectrum. In this paper, we will present two applications on fully utilizing spectrum space in dynamic measurement. One is a dual-wavelength image-plane digital holography using high-speed camera, and another is a spatially encoded multi-beam laser Doppler vibrometry using a single detector. The former experiment encodes information of two wavelengths at different parts of the spectrum. Two phase maps can be retrieved from one hologram. These two phase maps can generate a new phase distribution with an equivalent wavelength, so that the capturing rate of the camera can be reduced dramatically. The latter application encodes vibration information of different points on separated frequency ranges. The experiment verifies it is possible to do a precise vibration measurement on a 2×5 matrix simultaneously using a single photo detector. These results show with fully utilization of spectrum space, the capability of optical dynamic measurement will be tremendously improved.
Upper instrumented vertebra–femoral angle and correlation with proximal junctional kyphosis in adult spinal deformity (2021)

The more posterior the UIV is from the femoral head center after lower thoracic to pelvis surgical correction for ASD, the more patients are at risk for PJK. The greater the magnitude of posterior translation of the UIV from the femoral head center from preop to postop, the greater the likelihood for PJF.
Fast, scalable, and distributed restoration in general mesh optical networks (2002)

Service providers are demanding transport network solutions that can accommodate exponential traffic growth and, at the same time, provide novel services such as point-and-click provisioning of very high bandwidth circuits, optical bandwidth service management, fast protection and restoration, and bandwidth on demand. It is becoming increasingly clear that the required scalability (terabits/s to petabits/s) and cost structure can only be provided by transparent optical cross connects (OXCs). The challenge, then, is to make the optical network consisting of OXCs, dense wavelength division multiplexers (DWDMs), and optical add/drop multiplexers (OADMs) dynamic and intelligent. A major aspect of this intelligence is fast provisioning and restoration. In this paper, we present a fast, scalable, and distributed solution for optical layer restoration in general mesh-type optical networks, which is being implemented as part of the Optical Navigator System (ONS) residing in Lucent's LambdaRouter product. The key ingredients to our solution are a fast and scalable restoration strategy, a fast and scalable connection setup strategy, a contention-free wavelength assignment strategy, and a fast and reliable data communications network to exchange signaling messages. We also introduce novel concepts of demand bundling and optical virtual paths that ensure that restoration performance scales with network and traffic volumes. Together these components provide an intelligent optical networking solution that not only guarantees restoration times within few hundreds of milliseconds, but also achieves scalability.
Challenges in display color management (DCM) for mobile devices (2015)

Systematic and effective color management for displays on mobile devices is becoming increasingly more challenging. A list of the main challenges includes (a) significant differences in display technologies, (b) significant display color response and tone response variability, (c) significant display color gamut variability, (d) significant content gamut variability, (e) mixing content with different color gamuts, (f) Significant variability in viewing conditions and (g) significant mobile display power consumption. This paper will provide general descriptions of the above challenges, their characteristics and complexities.
Elevated glutamate dehydrogenase flux in glucose-deprived hybridoma and myeloma cells: Evidence from1H/15N NMR (1998)

The glutamine metabolism was studied in glucose-starved and glucose-sufficient hybridoma and Sp2/0-Ag14 myeloma cells. Glucose starvation was attained by cultivating the hybridoma cells with fructose instead of glucose, and the myeloma cells with a low initial glucose concentration which was rapidly exhausted. Glutamine used in the experiments was labeled with 15N, either in the amine or in the amide position. The fate of the label was monitored by 1H/15N NMR analysis of released 15NH and 15N-alanine. Thus, NH formed via glutaminase (GLNase) could be distinguished from NH formed via glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). In the glucose-sufficient cells a small but measurable amount of 15NH released by GDH could be detected in both cell lines (0.75 and 0.31 μmole/106 cells for hybridoma and myeloma cells, respectively). The uptake of glutamine and the total production of NH was significantly increased in both fructose-grown hybridoma and glucose-starved myeloma cells, as compared to the glucose-sufficient cells. The increased NH production was due to an increased throughput via GLNase (1.6 –1.9-fold in the hybridoma, and 2.7-fold in the myeloma cell line) and an even further increased metabolism via GDH (4.8–7.9-fold in the hybridoma cells, and 3.1-fold in the myeloma cells). The data indicate that both GLNase and GDH are down-regulated when glucose is in excess, but up-regulated in glucose-starved cells. It was calculated that the maximum potential ATP production from glutamine could increase by 35–40 % in the fructose-grown hybridoma cells, mainly due to the increased metabolism via GDH. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 508–517, 1998.
Large Core Polymer Waveguides for Optical Backplanes in Microfluidic Systems (2006)

A platform is developed which utilizes polymer materials used for the chips to create waveguide based optical components. With the fabrication method demonstrated, waveguides, power splitters, combiners and bends can be introduced and integrated cheaply into existing biochips
A nomenclature for Λ-doublet levels in rotating linear molecules (1988)

It is proposed that the two Λ-doublet levels of linear molecules with nonzero electronic orbital angular momentum be labeled Λ(A′) and Λ(A″), e.g., Π(A′) and Π(A″) for Π states, etc., according to the following prescription: All series of levels in which the electronic wave function at high J is symmetric with reflection of the spatial coordinates of the electrons in the plane of rotation will be designated Λ(A′) for all values of J, and all those for which the electronic wave function is antisymmetric with respect to reflection will be denoted Λ(A″). It is emphasized that this notation is meant to supplement, and not replace, the accepted spectroscopic e/f labeling and the parity quantum number. The utility of the Λ(A′)/Λ(A″) notation is that it is of most relevance in the mechanistic interpretation of reactive or photodissociative processes involving open-shell molecules.
Effects of Protecting Group of Fluoroalcohol on Lithographic Performance. (2003)

We have investigated effects of protecting group of fluoroalcohol as alkaline solubility on lithographic performance for the designing of chemical amplification positive-tone resist system. Preparing three different protecting groups (methoxymethyl: MOM, ethoxymethyl: EOM and fluoroethoxymethyl: FEOM) of norbornene hexafluoro-isopropanol (NBHFA) polymers and resists consisted of these polymers, we have evaluated optical properties, dissolution rates with developer, exposure sensitivities and resolution. These polymers showed a good pattern profile and high resolution. In addition, as compared with NBHFA-MOM and -EOM polymers, NBHFA-FEOM polymer displayed a good absorption coefficient at 157 nm.
VASOPRESSIN POTENTIATES CYCLIC AMP ACCUMULATION AND ACTH RELEASE INDUCED BY CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR (CRF) IN RAT ANTERIOR PITUITARY CELLS IN CULTURE (1982)

The agonist,[Asu11,6Arg8]vasopressin (VAS-A), causes a 2-fold increase in the stimulatory effect of CRF on ACTH release in rat anterior pituitary cells in culture. Although the vasopressin agonist alone has no effect on cyclic AMP levels, it causes a 2-fold increase in CRF-induced cyclic AMP accumulation at all time intervals and concentrations of CRF. The present data show that the potentiating effect of vasopressin on CRF-induced ACTH release is achieved through parallel changes of intracellular cyclic AMP levels
Gene-Specific Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Targeting for Cystic Fibrosis Therapy (2021)

Abstract Low CFTR mRNA expression due to nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a major hurdle in developing a therapy for cystic fibrosis (CF) caused by the W1282X mutation in the CFTR gene. CFTR-W1282X truncated protein retains partial function, so increasing its levels by inhibiting NMD of its mRNA will likely be beneficial. Because NMD regulates the normal expression of many genes, gene-specific stabilization of CFTR-W1282X mRNA expression is more desirable than general NMD inhibition. Synthetic antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to prevent binding of exon junction complexes (EJC) downstream of premature termination codons (PTCs) attenuate NMD in a gene-specific manner. We developed a cocktail of three ASOs that specifically increases the expression of CFTR W1282X mRNA and CFTR protein in ASO-transfected human bronchial epithelial cells. This treatment increased the CFTR-mediated chloride current. These results set the stage for clinical development of an allele-specific therapy for CF caused by the W1282X mutation.
Flutuações estocásticas para a distribuição de tempos de residência em um reator tubular de polimerização (2006)

A caracterização da fluidodinâmica de um reator tubular de polimerização foi realizada através da técnica de resposta a estímulo, sendo usada a perturbação com traçador. As curvas obtidas (F(t)) como respostas às perturbações tipo degrau com traçador indicam que pode ocorrer comportamento fluidodinâmico complexo com modos aleatórios, pois são observadas oscilações da resposta F(t) em torno do valor 1, mesmo quando se mantêm as mesmas condições experimentais. Para explicar o comportamento oscilatório na segunda parte de F(t) foi proposto um modelo estocástico. Três são os parâmetros que compõem o modelo: a espessura da camada estagnada junto ao reator: representada pela posição radial no reator em que se posiciona a camada (sigma); o intervalo de tempo em que ocorrem mudanças aleatórias na velocidade: (Dt); e a velocidade máxima de escoamento que a camada lenta pode alcançar junto à parede: (vm2). O modelo estocástico representa bem os dados experimentais obtidos, com conjuntos de parâmetros semelhantes nos vários experimentos, fatos que validam o modelo.
Accelerated Electrochemical Oxidation of Small Organic Molecules in Hot Aqueous Base Solution (2011)

To explore fundamentals that could direct more efficient use of small organic molecules in fuel cells, electrooxidation of methanol in aqueous alkaline media has been investigated as a model reaction in an intermediate-temperature range of 80° to 200°C using a pressurized electrochemical cell and by means of voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Well-developed cyclic voltammograms at varying temperature have been obtained using a Ag/AgCl internal reference electrode. It is encouragingly found that the electrooxidation of methanol in alkaline media on high-surface platinum electrode can be substantially accelerated by increasing temperature. The onset potential difference for the electrooxidation of hydrogen and methanol under similar conditions substantially decreases with increasing temperature, characterized by a value of around 50 mV at 150°C. High specific activity of Pt catalysts accessed from chronoamperograms further supports that the methanol electrooxidation is rather facile. These facts are important for the development of high-performance methanol fuel cells.
Pose estimation quality assessment for intra-operative image guidance systems (2013)

In trauma and orthopedic surgery screw assessment and trajectory prediction using two-dimensional X-ray images is very difficult due to projected 3D information. However screw assessment can be done with multiple X-ray images. If the X-ray image contains the projected implant geometry it can be used as global coordinate reference. Thereby multiple independent X-ray images can be synchronized by estimating the implant pose in each single image. Consequently high accuracy pose estimation is fundamental. To measure the outcome quality an evaluation process has been designed. The evaluation process investigates in its first step several clinical intra-operative anterior-posterior (AP) and medio-lateral (ML) X-ray images which have been analyzed using a manual pose estimation method. With the manual method the six 3D parameters of the implant pose are estimated. These parameters define as well the camera pose relative to the implant. Based on the pose parameters of all clinical cases the capturing range for typical AP and ML images is statistically defined. The implant was attached to a phantom with 16 steel balls which allows to calculate the ground truth pose. Afterwards several X-ray images of the phantom are taken within the statistically defined capturing range. With the known ground truth different pose estimation methods can be compared. For each method the estimation quality can be calculated. In addition this error calculation can be used to adjust the initial manually determined capturing range. This paper explains the error evaluation process and describes how to validate pose estimation methods for clinical applications.
Multi-path interferometer structures with cleaved silica microspheres (2018)

Two multi-path interferometers were developed using cleaved silica microspheres. A microsphere on top of a singlemode fiber tip was cleaved with a focused ion beam. The asymmetry introduced in the structure generates a new set of optical paths due to random reflections inside the microsphere. The obtained reflection spectrum presents a random-like interferometric behavior with strong spectral modulation of around 3 dB amplitude. Two distinct regions can be observed when a fast Fourier transform is applied. The first involves two cavities at a lower frequency and the second region involves a band of frequencies that is originated by the random interferometric reflections. These two spectral characteristics can be separated using low-pass and high-pass filters, respectively. A correlation method was used to obtain a temperature response from the two-cavity component. A similar structure was also created in a microsphere of multimode fiber. The microsphere was cleaved by polishing the structure with a certain angle. The interference between the different optical paths can be seen as the superposition of several two-wave interferometers, which can be discriminated through signal processing. Temperature sensing was also explored with this structure. The sensitivity to temperature is more than 3-fold for smaller cavities. Moreover, a sensitivity enhancement is also verified if a correlation method is used.
Cyclic nucleotide specificity of the activator and catalytic sites of a cGMP‐stimulated cGMP phosphodiesterase from Dictyostelium discoideum (1985)

The cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum has an intracellular phosphodiesterase which specifically hydrolyzes cGMP. The enzyme is activated by low cGMP concentrations, and is involved in the reduction of chemoattractant-mediated elevations of cGMP levels. The interaction of 20 cGMP derivatives with the activator site and with the catalytic site of the enzyme has been investigated. Binding of cGMP to the activator site is strongly reduced (more than 80-fold) if cGMP is no longer able to form a hydrogen bond at N2H2 or O2'H. Modifications at N7, C8, O3' and O5' induce only a small reduction of binding affinity. A cyclic phosphate structure, as well as a negatively charged oxygen atom at phosphorus, are essential to obtain activation of the enzyme. Substitution of the axial exocyclic oxygen atom by sulphur is tolerated; modification of the equatorial oxygen atom reduces the binding activity of cGMP to the activator site by 90-fold. Binding of cGMP to the catalytic site is strongly reduced if cGMP is modified at N1H, C6O, C8 and O3', while modifications at N2H2, N3, N7, O2'H, and O5' have minor effects. Both exocyclic oxygen atoms are important to obtain binding of cGMP to the catalytic site. The results indicate that activation of the enzyme by cGMP and hydrolysis of cGMP occur at different sites of the enzyme. cGMP is recognized at these sites by different types of molecular interaction between cGMP and the protein. cGMP derivatives at concentrations which saturate the activator site do not induce the same degree of activation of the enzyme (activation 2.3-6.6-fold). The binding affinities of the analogues for the activator site and their maximal activation are not correlated. Our results suggest that the enzyme is activated because cGMP bound to the activator site stabilizes a state of the enzyme which has a higher affinity for cGMP at the catalytic site.