gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Fiber optic infrared reflectance probe for detection of hydrocarbon fuels in soil</title> (1995)

The acquisition of fiber optic reflectance spectra of diesel fuel marine (DFM) dispersed on sea sand is described. Reflectance spectra are acquired by collection of the diffusely scattered light from a black body source imaged onto a specially designed sample cell. Samples of DFM were prepared by diluting a stock standard containing 10 wt% DFM on sea sand. Interactive band analysis is used to remove the background absorption due to residual water on the sand. Results indicate a linear relationship between the band depth at 3.68 microns and the concentration of DFM. Statistical analysis of ten replicate measurements of a 0.02 wt% DFM on sea sand gives the average band depth and 95% confidence interval of 0.02875 +/- 0.000654. An instrumental detection limit of 0.0033 percent reflectance is calculated from the standard deviation of the replicate measurements.
Recursive implementation of FIR differentiators with optimum noise attenuation (1997)

We introduce a computationally efficient recursive implementation of digital finite impulse response (FIR) filters for estimating the rate of change or slope of digitized signals. The proposed FIR differentiator is characterized by the optimal attenuation of white noise and an efficient suppression of upper-band frequencies. The basic structure needs only one multiplier, which becomes a power of two with an appropriate selection of the length of the impulse response. The structure does not need resetting and recovers from any bit errors. For long filters, sampling rate reduction by decimation gives further computational savings.
The finite element method in acoustics (1983)

From the variational field equations for problems in acoustics one can derive the finite element approach to their solution. From this approach the application of a standard finite element method (FEM) program to a problem in room acoustics was performed. The role of the acoustic variables, the material constants, boundary conditions, etc., as required for the FEM program was examined. The need for complex arithmetic in the analysis of a nonconservative system and in the modeling of real sources was shown. The FEM eigenvectors and eigenvalues were then used to assemble the Green's function in the form of a data base. This Green's function was then to be used to examine the acoustic behavior of the room at low frequencies, i.e., below the Schroeder frequency.
Atg16L1 T300A variant decreases selective autophagy resulting in altered cytokine signaling and decreased antibacterial defense (2014)

A coding polymorphism (Thr300Ala) in the essential autophagy gene, autophagy related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1), confers increased risk for the development of Crohn disease, although the mechanisms by which single disease-associated polymorphisms contribute to pathogenesis have been difficult to dissect given that environmental factors likely influence disease initiation in these patients. Here we introduce a knock-in mouse model expressing the Atg16L1 T300A variant. Consistent with the human polymorphism, T300A knock-in mice do not develop spontaneous intestinal inflammation, but exhibit morphological defects in Paneth and goblet cells. Selective autophagy is reduced in multiple cell types from T300A knock-in mice compared with WT mice. The T300A polymorphism significantly increases caspase 3- and caspase 7-mediated cleavage of Atg16L1, resulting in lower levels of full-length Atg16Ll T300A protein. Moreover, Atg16L1 T300A is associated with decreased antibacterial autophagy and increased IL-1β production in primary cells and in vivo. Quantitative proteomics for protein interactors of ATG16L1 identified previously unknown nonoverlapping sets of proteins involved in ATG16L1-dependent antibacterial autophagy or IL-1β production. These findings demonstrate how the T300A polymorphism leads to cell type- and pathway-specific disruptions of selective autophagy and suggest a mechanism by which this polymorphism contributes to disease.
Ultrasonically Rechargeable Platforms for Closed-Loop Distributed Sensing and Actuation in the Human Body (2018)

In the near future, innovative medical therapies will be administered by means of intra-body wireless sensor networks of implantable medical devices (IMDs). However, realizing wireless networks with traditional implantable biosensors and actuators is challenging, because (i) they often rely on wired connections that are invasive and prone to infections; and (ii) they are powered by batteries that occupy most of the device volume and have a relatively short lifetime. This article reports on the design of a system of interconnected implantable nodes that leverage ultrasonic wireless propagation to (i) be remotely recharged, removing the need for batteries; (ii) to create wireless communication links avoiding wires or radio-frequency (RF) connections that have poor performance when operating in tissues. We illustrate the design of the core building blocks to realize ultrasonically rechargeable medical sensors and actuators equipped with ultrasonic connectivity. We further demonstrate their use in a practical implementation of a sensing/actuation closed-loop system with distributed sensor nodes. We also develop and experimentally validate a mathematical model to predict the system performance.
Fabry–Pérot filter cavities for wide-spaced frequency combs with large spectral bandwidth (2009)

We use low-finesse Fabry–Pérot cavities in series to generate frequency combs with a large mode spacing in a way that allows its application to a large optical bandwidth. The attenuation of laser modes closest to the pass bands of the cavity exceeds 70 dB for a filter ratio of m=20 relative to the resonant modes centered within the pass bands. We also identify the best cavity geometry to suppress spurious transmission of higher order transversal modes. Such a thinned out frequency comb can be used to calibrate traditional spectrographs for precision astronomy. In the time domain mode filtering generates a pulse train with a multiplied repetition rate. High-fidelity filtering, as described here, implies small variations of the pulse energies.
Facile fabrication of close-packed microlens arrays using photoinduced surface relief structures as templates (2007)

We demonstrate the cost-effective and facile method of fabricating close-packed microlens arrays using photoinduced two-dimensional (2-D) surface relief structures as original templates. 2-D surface relief structures are produced by successive inscription of two beams interference patterns with different grating vectors on azopolymer films. The employed exposure dose of 1st inscription stage and 2nd inscription stage are optimized to obtain symmetrical modulation heights. These photoinduced 2-D surface relief structures on azopolymer films are used directly to mold PDMS, and PDMS molds were then transferred onto photopolymer to imprint microlens arrays. Using this method, tetragonally and hexagonally close-packed microlens arrays are successfully fabricated in rapid and cost-effective way.
A simple monolithically integrated optical receiver consisting of an optical preamplifier and a p-i-n photodiode (2006)

We demonstrate a monolithic optical receiver consisting of the integration of a semiconductor optical amplifier and a p-i-n photodetector based on asymmetric twin-waveguide technology. Multiple quantum wells with 1% compressive strain are used for both optical amplification and detection. The device has a peak external responsivity of 8.2/spl plusmn/0.4 A/W (/spl sim/9-dB fiber-to-detector gain), and a 3-dB optical bandwidth of 11/spl plusmn/1GHz, equivalent to a 265-GHz gain-bandwidth product. The efficient coupling of light between individual optical components is achieved by a lateral adiabatic taper that reduces the fabrication complexity. This work represents a considerable simplification over previously demonstrated high-performance integrated optical receivers.
Java based volume rendering frameworks (2008)

In recent years, the number and utility of 3-D rendering frameworks has grown substantially. A quantitative and qualitative evaluation of the capabilities of a subset of these systems is important to determine the applicability of these methods to typical medical visualization tasks. The libraries evaluated in this paper include the Java3D Application Programming Interface (API), Java OpenGL (Jogl) API, a multi-histogram software-based rendering method, and the WildMagic API. Volume renderer implementations using each of these frameworks were developed using the platform-independent Java programming language. Quantitative performance measurements (frames per second, memory usage) were used to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of each implementation.
Proteotranscriptomic classification and characterization of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (2021)

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are biologically and clinically heterogeneous. Here, we use a multi-omics approach to uncover the molecular factors underlying this heterogeneity. Transcriptomic analysis of 84 PNEN specimens, drawn from two cohorts, is substantiated with proteomic profiling and identifies four subgroups: Proliferative, PDX1-high, Alpha cell-like and Stromal/Mesenchymal. The Proliferative subgroup, consisting of both well- and poorly differentiated specimens, is associated with inferior overall survival probability. The PDX1-high and Alpha cell-like subgroups partially resemble previously described subtypes, and we further uncover distinctive metabolism-related features in the Alpha cell-like subgroup. The Stromal/Mesenchymal subgroup exhibits molecular characteristics of YAP1/WWTR1(TAZ) activation suggestive of Hippo signaling pathway involvement in PNENs. Whole-exome sequencing reveals subgroup-enriched mutational differences, supported by activity inference analysis, and identifies hypermorphic proto-oncogene variants in 14.3% of sequenced PNENs. Our study reveals differences in cellular signaling axes that provide potential directions for PNEN patient stratification and treatment strategies.
High-Throughput Temporal ALD Al2O3 Passivation as Rear Surface Passivation for Industrial Local Al BSF Si Solar Cells (2011)

A high-throughput temporal atomic layer deposition (ALD) Al2O3 reactor is screened for rear surface passivation of Si passivated emitter and rear cells (PERCs). It is shown that using (i) an Al2O3 layer ≤ 10 nm, (ii) outgassed above 500 °C, and (iii) capped with SiNx as rear surface passivation stack for large area screen-printed p-type Si PERC, leads to an average open circuit voltage (Voc) of 644 mV. There is an obvious gain in Voc of 6.5 mV compared to SiOx passivated PERC, thanks to enhanced rear surface passivation.
Compact, Portable Pulsed Power Lessons Learned and Quo Vadis (2006)

The Air Force Office of Scientific Research has supported two consortia to perform basic research leading to compact, portable pulsed power under the auspices of the DoD MURI program. This talk will review the achievements of the consortium led by the University of New Mexico. Over the past 5 years this consortium has focused on research topics that impact four basic elements of pulsed power: architecture, switching, increased energy density storage, and thermal management. A lot of the focus of the research pertinent to these areas has been on liquid and solid dielectric breakdown. Although considerable understanding has been achieved through our studies of these topics, some aspects continue to baffle us. In addition to highlighting the various achievements, this talk will discuss some of the open questions that still remain
Sub-Doppler laser spectroscopy of H2 and D2 in the range 91–98 nm (1994)

The absorption spectra of hydrogen and deuterium have been measured in the range 91–98 nm. A narrowband extreme ultraviolet laser source is employed in combination with a molecular beam, allowing for sub-Doppler resolution and yielding linewidths of 0.23 cm −1 . Transition frequencies of 291 lines of the Lyman and Werner bands are determined with an average absolute accuracy of 0.03 cm −1 . The data are analyzed in a semi-empirical perturbation model, involving heterogeneous couplings between nearby lying levels of B 1 Σ u + and C 1 Π u states. This model is found to be accurate on the level of accuracy of the data obtained.
A Bibliography of Matrix Isolation Spectroscopy 1954-1985 (1988)

https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/scichem_bks/1008/thumbnail.jpg
RT-qPCR-based tests for SARS-CoV-2 detection in pooled saliva samples for massive population screening to monitor epidemics (2021)

Abstract Swab, quantitative, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) tests remain the gold standard of diagnostics of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, these tests are costly and time-consuming, and swabbing limits their throughput. We developed a 3-gene, seminested RT-qPCR test with SYBR green-based detection, optimized for testing pooled saliva samples for high-throughput diagnostics of epidemic-affected populations. The proposed two-tier approach depends on decentralized self-collection of saliva samples, pooling, 1 st -tier testing with the mentioned highly sensitive screening test and subsequent 2 nd -tier testing of individual samples from positive pools with the in vitro diagnostic (IVD) test. The screening test was able to detect 5 copies of the viral genome in 10 µl of isolated RNA with 50% probability and 18.8 copies with 95% probability and reached Ct values that were highly linearly RNA concentration-dependent. In the side-by-side comparison (testing artificial pooled samples), the screening test attained slightly better results than the commercially available IVD-certified RT-qPCR diagnostic test (100% specificity and 89.8% sensitivity vs. 100% and 73.5%, respectively). Testing of 1475 individual clinical samples pooled in 374 pools of 4 revealed 0.8% false positive pools and no false negative pools. In weekly prophylactic testing of 113 people within 6 months, a two-tier testing approach enabled the detection of 18 infected individuals, including several asymptomatic individuals, with a fraction of the costs of individual RT-PCR testing.
Kaskády Králického Sněžníku (2002)

Kralický Sněžnik tvoři samostatný masiv mezi ceskými Orlickými horami a moravskými Jeseniky. Nejvyssim bodem s 1424 m.n.m. je stejnojmenný vrch Kralický Sněžnik, třeti nejvyssi hora v Ceske republice.
Shining Bright: The Golden Era of Signal Processing (2011)

Signal Processing Society (SPS) and to the SP community. When working as an editorial board member and area editor under the leadership of my predecessor, Prof. Shih-Fu Chang, I witnessed the immeasurable vibrancy, invigorating energy, and unbounded intellectual landscape of our SP community. During 2007–2008, with Prof. Chang’s guidance, I initiated the effort in expanding the scope and technical fields of SP [2]. This led to substantial broadening of the article coverage in SPM along the two axes of “signal” and “processing” [3]. In the meantime, while helping Prof. Chang to solicit potential articles for SPM, I interacted with several pioneers in various technical areas pertinent to SP. These interactions provided me with the opportunity to learn, analyze, and appreciate a wide range of SP-enabled future wants and needs (e.g., [4]). In my own work environment within a major computer software company, SP methods and applications as defined in the expanded scope had also permeated every corner. Our community had clearly come to realize that while SP played an integral part in the technological development of television, telephone, communication, multimedia, space travel, and computers, more exciting challenges and opportunities would lie ahead for SP in broad areas such as intelligent communication; natural human-machine interface; universal language translation; biomolecular information processing; automated navigation; efficient generation/ distribution/consumption of “green” energy; intelligent sensor and human
Biomaterial surface modifications can dominate cell–substrate mechanics: the impact of PDMS plasma treatment on a quantitative assay of cell stiffness (2011)

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a bioinert synthetic polymer with tunable elastic properties that is commonly used as a cell culture substrate. Although plasma treatments are widely used to bio-functionalize otherwise hydrophobic PDMS surfaces, plasma altered surface mechanical properties and implications for cell–substrate mechanical interactions are poorly understood. We performed a multi-scale mechanical characterization of PDMS following plasma treatment: spherical indentation tests were performed with a universal testing machine (indenter diameter, d = 4.75 mm) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) with round tips of 2 different diameters (d = 2 μm, d = 20 μm). Results indicated substantial surface stiffening at indentation depths up to 1 micron, with exponentially decreasing effects to depths of 1 mm. AFM indentation results were analyzed using a finite element (FE) based optimization to determine the substrate material properties, and thus separate the confounding influence of the underlying substrate on surface indentation experiments. We found that a two-layer material model composed of a thin, stiff plasma-oxidized layer (296 nm and 3.66 MPa, respectively) superimposed on a thick layer of bulk polymer (elastic modulus of 10.5 kPa) was able to robustly fit the experimental data. We then investigated the repercussions of the biopolymer surface modifications on cell mechanics, using an inverse finite element model to interpret cell–matrix force exchange. Estimates of cell elastic modulus neglecting the mechanical effects of plasma treatment were more than an order of magnitude lower than estimates accounting for the surface layer (9.6 ± 4.2 kPa vs. 124 ± 55 kPa, respectively). This study thus highlights the need to accurately consider biomaterial surface modifications and how they may influence cell–biomaterial interaction. It further provides a novel approach to characterizing cell-relevant mechanical properties of a polymer substrate. These advances may lead to an improved quantitative assessment of actin cytoskeleton function, with potential relevance to biomaterial based therapies.
4-(3,7-Dimethyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydroisoxazolo[4,5-d]pyridazin-5-yl)benzenesulfonamide (2011)

The nine-membered fused-ring system of the title pyridazine derivative, C(13)H(12)N(4)O(4)S, is approximately planar (r.m.s. deviation 0.027 Å), and the benzene ring of the phenyl-sulfamide substituent is aligned at 43.5 (1)° to the fused-ring system. The amine group of the sulfonamide substituent forms an N-H⋯O hydrogen bond to the ketonic O atom of two neigboring mol-ecules to generate a chain running along the c axis.
Building Relationships in Under-Covered Communities (2019)

Sometimes the most difficult step for journalists is the very first: to enter a community that on its face appears foreign and even hostile. Keith Woods, NPR’s vice president for Newsroom Training and Diversity, explains why and how to build rapport and trust with unfamiliar communities.
Rate-Optimal and Reduced-Complexity Sequential Sensing Algorithms for Cognitive OFDM Radios (2009)

Sequential sensing algorithms are developed for OFDM-based hierarchical cognitive radio (CR) systems. Secondary users sense multiple subbands simultaneously for possible spectrum availabilities under hard misdetection constraints to prevent interference to the primary users. Accounting for the fact that the sensing time overhead can often be significant, a novel performance metric is introduced based on the effective achievable data rate. An optimization problem is formulated in the framework of optimal stopping problems to maximize the average effective data rate by determining the best time to stop taking samples and proceed to data transmission. A basis expansion-based suboptimal algorithm is developed to reduce the prohibitive complexity of the optimal solution. The numerical results presented verify the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Influences of mechanical barrier permeability on guided bone augmentation in the rat calvarium (2018)

We used radiological and histological analyses to evaluate the effects of mechanical barrier permeability in a rat model of calvarial guided bone augmentation (GBA). The calvaria of 20 rats were exposed, and one of four types of plastic caps (an occlusive cylindrical plastic cap; a plastic cap with no top; a plastic cap with three holes; and a plastic cap with four holes) was randomly placed on both sides. Newly generated bone in the plastic caps was evaluated with micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis. Micro-CT volumetric analysis and decalcified hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections showed that GBA barrier permeability was inversely associated with the quantity of augmented bone obtained. Masson's trichrome staining showed that collagen in newly generated bony tissue was more mature in plastic caps with three holes than in those with more-permeable or more-occlusive barriers. Bone augmentation was inhibited in specimens exhibiting invasion of soft tissue through penetrating holes, and barrier permeability was associated with the quantity of augmented bone developed. In conclusion, moderate barrier permeability is optimal for development of mature augmented bone.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Heterobimetallic Cooperation in a Titanium–Chromium Catalyst for Highly Branched Polyethylenes (2013)

A heterobimetallic catalyst, {Ti--Cr}, consisting of a constrained-geometry titanium olefin polymerization center (CGC(Et)Ti) covalently linked to a chromium bis(thioether)amine ethylene trimerization center (SNSCr) was synthesized and fully characterized. In ethylene homopolymerizations it affords linear low-density polyethylene with molecular weights as high as 460 kg·mol(-1) and exclusively n-butyl branches in conversion-insensitive densities of ~18 branches/1000 carbon atoms, which are ~17 and ~3 times (conversion-dependent), respectively, those achieved by tandem mononuclear CGC(Et)Ti and SNSCr catalysts under identical reaction conditions.
A reusable and platform-independent framework for distributed control systems (2002)

This paper presents a concept for integrating the embedded programming methodology Giotto and the object-oriented AOCS Framework to create an environment for the rapid development of distributed software for safety-critical embedded control systems with hard real-time requirements of the kind typically found in aerospace applications.