gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mannose‐6‐Phosphate Receptor: A Target for Theranostics of Prostate Cancer (2015)

Abstract The development of personalized and non‐invasive cancer therapies based on new targets combined with nanodevices is a major challenge in nanomedicine. In this work, the over‐expression of a membrane lectin, the cation‐independent mannose 6‐phosphate receptor (M6PR), was specifically demonstrated in prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. To efficiently target this lectin a mannose‐6‐phosphate analogue was synthesized in six steps and grafted onto the surface of functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). These MSNs were used for in vitro and ex vivo photodynamic therapy to treat prostate cancer cell lines and primary cell cultures prepared from patient biopsies. The results demonstrated the efficiency of M6PR targeting for prostate cancer theranostic.
Seismicity on the area of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) (1980)

Since April 1974, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology (NMIMT) has operated a short-period vertical-component seismograph 7 km from the center of the WIPP site. Peak magnifications ranged from 405 K to 1400 K. In the time period from April 1974 to February 1979, approximately 500 earthquakes were recorded by the instrument to distances as great as 660 km. With the aid of readings from stations operated by other organizations, epicenters and magnitudes for 159 earthquakes within about 300 km of the WIPP site were obtained. The greatest concentration of seismic activity is centered on the Central Basin Platform. This zone of activity, approximately 120 km in a NS direction and 100 km in an EW direction, approaches to within 60 km of the site. Other significant clusters of earthquakes occur near Synder, Big Springs and Valentine, Texas. Comparable levels of earthquake activity are observed within 100, 200, and 300 km of the site. Most reported Quaternary faulting lies to the west of 104.3/sup 0/W longitude. Comparable levels of activity were observed to the east and west of this longitude indicating the observed distribution of earthquake activity is probably not representative of the long-term (500,000 years) seismicity of themore » region. Several lines of evidence suggest that most earthquakes from the Delaware Basin eastward are induced by the production of hydrocarbons, but absolutely convincing proof is lacking. If due to natural tectonic forces, an extrapolation of the observed earthquake-frequency relation indicates an earthquake of magnitude 5 1/2 is possible somewhere within 300 km of the site each 100 years.« less
Air Traffic Management Overview (2001)

The Air Traffic Control (ATC) system manages air traffic from various sources throughout the United States National Airspace System (NAS). The mission of air traffic control is to promote the safe, orderly, and expeditious movement of aircraft. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is responsible for providing the NAS infrastructure to enable air operations in the United States, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. Air traffic control, the primary component of the NAS architecture, is a complex system comprising of many types of facilities, a plethora of hardware and software systems, and complicated interactions between humans and machines. There are two goals that must be met by the Air Traffic Control system: safety and efficiency. To ensure safety, minimum separation must be maintained between aircraft as they pass through the national airspace. Efficient air traffic control, however, requires that separation not be so great as to adversely affect the flow of traffic through the airspace. This document provides a summary of the air traffic management system together with pointers to other sources of more detailed information.
Trapping of Neutral Mercury Atoms and Prospects for Optical Lattice Clocks (2008)

We report vapor-cell magneto-optical trapping of Hg isotopes on the (1)S(0)-(3)P(1) intercombination transition. Six abundant isotopes, including four bosons and two fermions, were trapped. Hg is the heaviest nonradioactive atom trapped so far, which enables sensitive atomic searches for "new physics" beyond the standard model. We propose an accurate optical lattice clock based on Hg and evaluate its systematic accuracy to be better than 10;{-18}. Highly accurate and stable Hg-based clocks will provide a new avenue for the research of optical lattice clocks and the time variation of the fine-structure constant.
Cross-Modal Generalization: Learning in Low Resource Modalities via\n Meta-Alignment (2020)

The natural world is abundant with concepts expressed via visual, acoustic,\ntactile, and linguistic modalities. Much of the existing progress in multimodal\nlearning, however, focuses primarily on problems where the same set of\nmodalities are present at train and test time, which makes learning in\nlow-resource modalities particularly difficult. In this work, we propose\nalgorithms for cross-modal generalization: a learning paradigm to train a model\nthat can (1) quickly perform new tasks in a target modality (i.e.\nmeta-learning) and (2) doing so while being trained on a different source\nmodality. We study a key research question: how can we ensure generalization\nacross modalities despite using separate encoders for different source and\ntarget modalities? Our solution is based on meta-alignment, a novel method to\nalign representation spaces using strongly and weakly paired cross-modal data\nwhile ensuring quick generalization to new tasks across different modalities.\nWe study this problem on 3 classification tasks: text to image, image to audio,\nand text to speech. Our results demonstrate strong performance even when the\nnew target modality has only a few (1-10) labeled samples and in the presence\nof noisy labels, a scenario particularly prevalent in low-resource modalities.\n
Quantification of Hepatitis C Virus in Human Liver and Serum Samples by Using LightCycler Reverse Transcriptase PCR (2002)

A highly sensitive, non-probe-based, real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was developed for viral load measurements in both serum and liver samples from patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. With synthetic RNA, the linearity of the approach was conserved over a wide range of HCV copy numbers. There was a strong correlation between hepatic and serum viral load measurements (r = 0.689, P = 0.004, n = 15), indicating that the level of viremia reflected the amount of virus present in the liver.
Wavelength variation of 1.6 µm wavelength buried heterostructure GaInAsP/InP lasers due to direct modulation (1982)

Wavelength shift during the period of direct modulation (dynamic wavelength shift) for injection lasers having a BH structure has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically. A GaInAsP/InP BH laser emitting a nominal wavelength of 1.61 μm was modulated by a sinusoidal current at frequencies in the range of 0.2-2 GHz. The full width of the dynamic wavelength shift was 0.35 nm at a modulation frequency of 1.8 GHz, and a modulation depth of 63 percent at a bias current 1.14 times the threshold current. It was found that the width of the dynamic wavelength shift increases with proportion to the modulation depth, and with inverse proportion to the bias current at a frequency below 1 GHZ. The differential coefficient <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dn/dN</tex> of refractive index <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</tex> for carrier density <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</tex> in the active region was measured for the purpose of the analysis. The value obtained is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1.2 \times 10^{-20}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The dynamic shift of the lasing wavelength was found to be characteristic of the change of the refractive index induced by the oscillation of carrier density in the active region during intensity modulation. The theoretical shift shows maximum value at a resonance-like modulation frequency. The peak height of the resonance wavelength shift is strongly affected by carrier diffusion in the transverse direction, and has a minimum value when stripe width is nearly equal to carrier diffusion length.
Assessment of Toxic Potential of Industrial Chemicals Using a Cultured Human Bioartificial Skin Model: Production of Interleukin 1α and Hydroxyeicosatetraenoic Acids (2000)

Cytotoxicity assays using artificial skin are proposed as alternative methods for in vitro tests to minimize animals used in ocular and dermal irritation testing. The responses of the artificial skins were studied to a well-characterized chemical irritant, such as toluene, glutaraldehyde and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), and a nonirritant, such as polyethylene glycol. The evaluation of irritating and nonirritating test chemicals was also compared with responses seen in human dermal fibroblasts and human epidermal keratinocytes grown in monolayer culture. The responses monitored included the MTT mitochondrial functionality assay. In order to better understand the local mechanisms involved in skin damage and repair, the productions of several mitogenic proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) and 15-HETE were investigated. Dose-dependent increases in the levels of IL-1alpha and HETEs were observed in the underlying medium of the skin systems exposed to two skin irritants, glutaraldehyde and SLS. The results of the present study show that both human artificial skins can be used as efficient testing models for the evaluation of skin toxicity in vitro and for screening the contact skin irritancy in vitro.
Strategy for Complete Nitrogen Removal in Bioreactor Landfills (2007)

Waste acclimation and batch microcosm studies containing digested municipal solid waste were conducted at different temperatures (22, 35, and 45°C ) and gas-phase oxygen concentrations (0.7–100%, by volume) to provide guidance for field-scale implementation of in situ nitrogen removal processes. Results demonstrate that in situ ammonia–nitrogen is feasible in decomposed aerated solid waste environments at the gas-phase oxygen concentrations and temperatures evaluated and the potential for simultaneous nitrification and denitrification in field-scale bioreactor landfills is significant due to the presence of both aerobic and anoxic areas. Small amounts of oxygen were found sufficient for nitrification/ammonia removal to proceed, although removal rates increase with oxygen concentration. Laboratory results suggest field-scale implementation of in situ nitrogen removal occur in small dedicated treatment zones containing previously degraded waste (later in the life of a bioreactor landfill). Model simulations indicate removal of ammonia–nitrogen to low levels can occur with relatively short aeration depths (depth estimates ranged from 1.6 to 7.2m below the point of leachate injection). Field-scale verification of these depth estimates is required prior to routine acceptance.
Study of a noncovalent trp repressor: DNA operator complex by electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (1998)

Electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF MS) has been used to study noncovalent interactions between the trp apo-repressor (TrpR), its co-repressor tryptophan and its specific operator DNA. In 5 mM ammonium acetate, TrpR was detected as a partially unfolded monomer. In the presence of a 21-base-pair DNA possessing the two symmetrically arranged CTAG consensus sequences required for specific TrpR binding, a homodimer-dsDNA complex with a 1:1 stoichiometry was observed. Co-repressor was not needed for the complex to form under our experimental conditions. Collision induced dissociation (CID-MS) revealed that this complex was very stable in the gas phase since dissociation was achieved only at energies that also broke covalent bonds. We saw no evidence for the presence of the six water molecules that mediate the interaction between the protein and the DNA in the crystal structure. To check the binding specificity of the TrpR for its target DNA, a competitive experiment was undertaken: the protein was mixed with an equimolar amount of three different DNAs in which the two CTAG sequences were separated by 2, 4, and 6 bp, respectively. Only the DNA with the correct consensus spacing of 4 bp was able to form stable interactions with TrpR. This experiment demonstrates the potential of ESI-MS to test the sequence-specificity of protein-DNA complexes. The interactions between the TrpR-DNA complex and 5-methyl-, L- and D-tryptophan were also investigated. Two molecules of 5-methyl- or L-tryptophan were bound with high affinity to the TrpR-DNA complex. On the other hand, D-tryptophan appeared to bind to the complex with poor specificity and poor affinity.
Catalyst design by scanning probe block copolymer lithography (2018)

Scanning probe block copolymer lithography (SPBCL), in combination with density-functional theory (DFT), has been used to design and synthesize hydrogen evolution catalysts. DFT was used to calculate the hydrogen adsorption energy on a series of single-element, bimetallic, and trimetallic (Au, Pt, Ni, and Cu) substrates to provide leads that could be synthesized in the form of alloy or phase-separated particles via SPBCL. PtAuCu (18 nm, ∼1:1:1 stoichiometry) has been identified as a homogeneous alloy phase that behaves as an effective hydrogen evolution catalyst in acidic aqueous media, even when it is made in bulk form via solution phase methods. Significantly, the bulk-prepared PtAuCu/C nanocatalyst discovered via this process exhibits an activity seven times higher than that of the state-of-the-art commercial Pt/C catalyst (based upon Pt content). The advantage of using SPBCL in the discovery process is that one can uniformly make particles, each consisting of a uniform phase combination (e.g., all alloy or all phase-segregated species) at a fixed elemental ratio, an important consideration when working with polyelemental species where multiple phases may exist.
Cross-resistance betweenStrongyloides venezuelensisandS. rattiin mice (1995)

Cross-resistance between Strongyloides venezuelensis and S. ratti was tested in mice. The mice were immunized with S. ratti and challenged with infective filariform larvae or larvae recovered from the lungs of mice, of a heterologous species, S. venezuelensis. In this system, cross-resistance was expressed to the intestinal stage but not to the migrating stage of the parasite. Anti-interleukin (IL)-5 monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment showed that peripheral blood eosinophilia after infection with both species of the genus Strongyloides was dependent on IL-5. Cross-resistance expressed to the intestinal stages was inhibited partially by injection of anti-IL-5 mAb.
Cirrhotic patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy have increased capacity to eliminate superoxide and peroxynitrite in lymphocytes, associated with cognitive impairment (2017)

Patients with minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) show increased oxidative stress in blood. We aimed to assess whether MHE patients show alterations in different types of blood cells in (a) basal reactive oxygen and nitrogen species levels; (b) capacity to metabolise these species. To assess the mechanisms involved in the altered capacity to metabolise these species we also analysed: (c) peroxynitrite formation and d) peroxynitrite reaction with biological molecules. Levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species were measured by flow cytometry in blood cell populations from cirrhotic patients with and without MHE and controls, under basal conditions and after adding generators of superoxide (plumbagin) or nitric oxide (NOR-1) to assess the capacity to eliminate them. Under basal conditions, MHE patients show reduced superoxide and peroxynitrite levels and increased nitric oxide (NO) and nitrotyrosine levels. In patients without MHE plumbagin strongly increases cellular superoxide, moderately peroxynitrite and reduces NO levels. In MHE patients, plumbagin increases slightly superoxide and strongly peroxynitrite levels and affects slightly NO levels. NOR-1 increases NO levels much less in patients with than without MHE. These data show that the mechanisms and the capacity to eliminate cellular superoxide, NO and peroxynitrite are enhanced in MHE patients. Superoxide elimination is enhanced through reaction with NO to form peroxynitrite which, in turn, is eliminated by enhanced reaction with biological molecules, which could contribute to cognitive impairment in MHE. The data show that basal free radical levels do not reflect the oxidative stress status in MHE.
Association of Known Loci With Lipid Levels Among Children and Prediction of Dyslipidemia in Adults (2011)

Background—Recent genome-wide association studies have found 95 distinct genetic loci associated with high-density (HDL-C) and low-density (LDL-C) lipoprotein cholesterol, total cholesterol (TC), a...
The effect of catalyst preparation method on the performance of supported Au–Pd catalysts for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (2010)

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H2 and O2 offers the possibility of a new green production method for this important commodity chemical. Active catalysts for this reaction are typically prepared using an impregnation method and it is important to identify improvements in the preparation methodology that can result in more active catalysts that retain their stability. The effect of the precise procedure by which the metals are impregnated onto TiO2 and C supports during the preparation of supported Au–Pd catalysts has been investigated and it is shown that the two supports exhibit significant differences. The concentration of the solution of the mixed aqueous solution of HAuCl4 and PdCl2 immediately prior to the initial drying step has a profound effect on the structure and activity of the TiO2-supported catalysts. TiO2-supported catalysts prepared using impregnation with the minimal amount of added water whilst ensuring that the catalyst is not formed into a paste (i.e. still contains ca. 1.5–2 ml of H2O) prior to drying at 110 °C exhibit very high activity (ca. 120 mol H2O2 kgcat−1 h−1) which is equivalent to the corresponding carbon-supported catalyst. The presence of more water (ca. 2–28 ml) in the catalyst impregnation step prior to drying leads to a significant change in the particle size distribution and a bimodal distribution is observed for the TiO2-supported catalysts. These catalysts also show a change in the nature of the Au and Pd nanoparticles. Unfortunately, TiO2-supported catalysts prepared in this manner are not stable on re-use. However, catalysts prepared using a similar method, but with the removal of ca. 75% of the initial H2O ensuring that a paste is formed prior to drying, are found to be fully re-usable. In contrast, for carbon-supported catalysts dilution of the Au and Pd compounds during the initial impregnation step, coupled with subsequent removal of water to form paste with varying water content, did not affect the activity and these catalysts could be re-used without loss of catalyst performance. The effect of the catalyst structure on activity and re-usability is discussed.
Low cost millimetre wave camera imaging up to 140GHz (2004)

A millimetre wave (nun-wave) camera that combines a novel mechanical scanning method with a sparse array of receivers has been demonstrated. The camera provides frequency independent, near real-time raster images with high efficiency and can be used with either active illumination or in a passive mode. Working with 77GH2, 94GHz and 140GHz receivers, the camera has provided high-quality, fast-capture images.
Ranolazine Protects from Doxorubicin-Induced Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Dysfunction (2014)

Ranolazine protects against experimental doxorubicin cardiotoxicity. Such protection is accompanied by a reduction in oxidative stress, suggesting that INa modulates cardiac redox balance, resulting in functional and morphological derangements.
Modeling of Ion and Water Transport in the Biological Nanopore ClyA (2020)

Abstract In recent years, the protein nanopore cytolysin A (ClyA) has become a valuable tool for the detection, characterization and quantification of biomarkers, proteins and nucleic acids at the single-molecule level. Despite this extensive experimental utilization, a comprehensive computational study of ion and water transport through ClyA is currently lacking. Such a study yields a wealth of information on the electrolytic conditions inside the pore and on the scale the electrophoretic forces that drive molecular transport. To this end we have built a computationally efficient continuum model of ClyA which, together with an extended version of Poison-Nernst-Planck-Navier-Stokes (ePNP-NS) equations, faithfully reproduces its ionic conductance over a wide range of salt concentrations. These ePNP-NS equations aim to tackle the shortcomings of the traditional PNP-NS models by self-consistently taking into account the influence of both the ionic strength and the nanoscopic scale of the pore on all relevant electrolyte properties. In this study, we give both a detailed description of our ePNP-NS model and apply it to the ClyA nanopore. This enabled us to gain a deeper insight into the influence of ionic strength and applied voltage on the ionic conductance through ClyA and a plethora of quantities difficult to assess experimentally. The latter includes the cation and anion concentrations inside the pore, the shape of the electrostatic potential landscape and the magnitude of the electro-osmotic flow. Our work shows that continuum models of biological nanopores—if the appropriate corrections are applied—can make both qualitatively and quantitatively meaningful predictions that could be valuable tool to aid in both the design and interpretation of nanopore experiments.
Transition‐Metal Complexes in Supported Liquid Phase and Supercritical Fluids – A Beneficial Combination for Selective Continuous‐Flow Catalysis with Integrated Product Separation (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Strategies for Catalyst Immobilization Using Permanent Separation Barriers Supported Liquid-Phase Catalysts Based on Organic Solvents (SLP) Supported Aqueous-Phase Catalysts (SAP) Supported Ionic Liquid-Phase Catalysts (SILP) Supported Liquid-Phase Catalysts and Supercritical Fluids Conclusion References
Intraoperative 4-Dimensional Microscope-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography–Guided 27-Gauge Transvitreal Choroidal Biopsy for Choroidal Melanoma (2016)

PURPOSE: We describe two cases of intraoperative 4D microscope–integrated swept source optical coherence tomography (4D MIOCT) guided 27-gauge transvitreal retinochoroidal biopsy for choroidal melanoma. METHODS: Two 68-year-old females with choroidal melanomas underwent a transvitreal 27-gauge vitrectomy assisted chorioretinal biopsy for histologic and cytogenetic testing during I-125 radioactive episcleral plaque placement. A 4D (volumetric imaging through time) MIOCT device was used to simultaneously enable OCT image acquisition with surgical maneuvers during entry of and engagement of the vitreous cutter in the choroidal lesion. RESULTS: 4D MIOCT permitted real-time visualization of the choroidal tumor for selection of biopsy site in an area of adequate thickness and free of subretinal fluid, relatively perpendicular entry of the vitrectomy probe into the choroidal lesion, confirmation of adequate penetration depth prior to and during engagement of the vitreous cutter, and absence of subretinal fluid surrounding the retinotomy following removal of the probe. In both cases an adequate sample for histological and cytogenetic testing was obtained and no tamponade was required. CONCLUSION: Intraoperative 4D MIOCT imaging permits real-time visualization of vitreous cutter penetration and depth into the choroidal melanoma during a transvitreal choroidal biopsy.