gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Studies of Chain Termination and Monomer Absorption in Molecular Layer Deposition (2018)

Molecular layer deposition (MLD) is of growing interest as a vapor-phase method for depositing ultrathin polymeric films. The amount of material deposited per cycle of MLD is believed to be strongly dependent on the number of available surface reaction sites. However, the factors that alter the number of reactive sites during cycling have not been well understood. In this work, we provide concrete evidence that although chain termination reactions may reduce the number of reaction sites, the adsorption or absorption of monomers allows for the introduction of new reaction sites. These absorbed monomers are strongly bound to the film and allow the films to recover from growth defects introduced by chain terminations. A mathematical model for growth is developed and suggests that these absorptions eventually lead to the characteristic steady-state growth rate seen for MLD processes. Fits of the model to the experimental data for polyurea MLD indicate that ∼3% of the chains experience termination events during each cycle at steady state, with any given chain having an ≈50% chance to be terminated before reaching 22 cycles; this termination is then compensated for by uptake of new monomers. Together, these results indicate that typical MLD growth involves the continuous occurrence of termination reactions and the renucleation of chains within the film via the absorption of monomers.
BindingDB Entry 1143: Novel Inhibitors of HIV Protease: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Picomolar Inhibitors Containing Cyclic P1/P2 Scaffolds. (2006)

A novel series of HIV protease inhibitors containing cyclic P1/P2 scaffolds has been synthesized and evaluated for biological activity. The trans 3,5-dibenzyl-2-oxo pyrrolidinone ring system resulted in a 50 pM enzyme inhibitor against HIV protease in vitro when combined with an indanolamine derived P'-backbone. This compound also shows comparable activity to currently marketed drugs in the MT-4 cell-based antiviral assay.
Risk Factors for Poor Recovery After Total Knee Replacement Among Older Adults in the FORCE-TJR Cohort (2020)

Abstract Total knee replacement (TKR) is a common procedure in older adults with broad variability in outcomes. We sought to identify factors that contribute to resilient outcomes in 7,239 older adults (age 60 or older) who underwent TKR in the TJR-FORCE, a prospective registry of total joint replacement. Outcomes utilized were bodily pain and physical component score (PCS) from the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36), at pre-op, 1-year, and 2-year post-procedure. Participants were grouped according to their outcome trajectories as “improving”, “worsening”, “variable,” or “stable.” Multinomial regression (with 4 outcome categories) was used to evaluate demographic risk factors (age, gender, BMI, marital status, education, smoking history, comorbidity count, household income). Older age, larger comorbidity count, low-income, smoking, and being unmarried were significant risk factors for poor recovery (not “improving”) in terms of bodily pain and physical component score. Next steps include evaluating risk factors for resilience outcomes in prospective studies.
Cyclin B1/Cdk1 Phosphorylation of Mitochondrial p53 Induces Anti-Apoptotic Response (2010)

The pro-apoptotic function of p53 has been well defined in preventing genomic instability and cell transformation. However, the intriguing fact that p53 contributes to a pro-survival advantage of tumor cells under DNA damage conditions raises a critical question in radiation therapy for the 50% human cancers with intact p53 function. Herein, we reveal an anti-apoptotic role of mitochondrial p53 regulated by the cell cycle complex cyclin B1/Cdk1 in irradiated human colon cancer HCT116 cells with p53(+/+) status. Steady-state levels of p53 and cyclin B1/Cdk1 were identified in the mitochondria of many human and mouse cells, and their mitochondrial influx was significantly enhanced by radiation. The mitochondrial kinase activity of cyclin B1/Cdk1 was found to specifically phosphorylate p53 at Ser-315 residue, leading to enhanced mitochondrial ATP production and reduced mitochondrial apoptosis. The improved mitochondrial function can be blocked by transfection of mutant p53 Ser-315-Ala, or by siRNA knockdown of cyclin B1 and Cdk1 genes. Enforced translocation of cyclin B1 and Cdk1 into mitochondria with a mitochondrial-targeting-peptide increased levels of Ser-315 phosphorylation on mitochondrial p53, improved ATP production and decreased apoptosis by sequestering p53 from binding to Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Furthermore, reconstitution of wild-type p53 in p53-deficient HCT116 p53(-/-) cells resulted in an increased mitochondrial ATP production and suppression of apoptosis. Such phenomena were absent in the p53-deficient HCT116 p53(-/-) cells reconstituted with the mutant p53. These results demonstrate a unique anti-apoptotic function of mitochondrial p53 regulated by cyclin B1/Cdk1-mediated Ser-315 phosphorylation in p53-wild-type tumor cells, which may provide insights for improving the efficacy of anti-cancer therapy, especially for tumors that retain p53.
CCNx End-To-End Fragmentation (2015)

This document specifies an end to-end fragmentation protocol for
breaking a Content Object into several smaller pieces in order to fit
within a network MTU. The fragmentation protocol does not provide a
secure binding of the fragments to the original object. This is left
to the receiving endpoint. Midpoints may only serve fragments from
their cache if they have assembled and verified the complete Content
Object.
Exercise training attenuates coronary smooth muscle phenotypic modulation and nuclear Ca2+signaling (2002)

Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease, yet the mechanism(s) of exercise-related cardioprotection remains unknown. We tested the hypothesis that coronary smooth muscle after exercise training would have decreased mitogen-induced phenotypic modulation and enhanced regulation of nuclear Ca(2+). Yucatan swine were endurance exercise trained (EX) on a treadmill for 16-20 wk. EX reduced endothelin-1-induced DNA content by 40% compared with sedentary (SED) swine (P < 0.01). EX decreased single cell peak endothelin-1-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) responses compared with SED by 16% and peak nuclear Ca(2+) responses by 33% (P < 0.05), as determined by confocal microscopy. On the basis of these results, we hypothesized that sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) and intracellular Ca(2+) stores in native smooth muscle are spatially localized to dissociate cytosolic Ca(2+) and nuclear Ca(2+). Subcellular localization of SERCA in living and fixed cells revealed a distribution of SERCA near the sarcolemma and on the nuclear envelope. These results show that EX enhances nuclear Ca(2+) regulation, possibly via SERCA, which may be one mechanism by which coronary smooth muscle cells from EX are less responsive to mitogen-induced phenotypic modulation.
Drug Resistance Driven by Cancer Stem Cells and Their Niche (2017)

Drug resistance represents one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subset of cells within the tumor with the potential for self-renewal, differentiation and tumorigenicity, are thought to be the major cause of cancer therapy failure due to their considerable chemo- and radioresistance, resulting in tumor recurrence and eventually metastasis. CSCs are situated in a specialized microenvironment termed the niche, mainly composed of fibroblasts and endothelial, mesenchymal and immune cells, which also play pivotal roles in drug resistance. These neighboring cells promote the molecular signaling pathways required for CSC maintenance and survival and also trigger endogenous drug resistance in CSCs. In addition, tumor niche components such as the extracellular matrix also physically shelter CSCs from therapeutic agents. Interestingly, CSCs contribute directly to the niche in a bilateral feedback loop manner. Here, we review the recent advances in the study of CSCs, the niche and especially their collective contribution to resistance, since increasingly studies suggest that this interaction should be considered as a target for therapeutic strategies.
Recomendaciones sobre la vacunación contra SAR S-CoV-2/COVID-19 en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica y trasplante renal (2021)

-Los pacientes con enfermedad renal en todas sus etapas (ERC etapas 1-5, dilisis, trasplante renal) deben ser una poblacin prioritaria en el plan de vacunacin contra SARS-CoV-2. -En todos los casos, la vacunacin debe administrarse sin importar si los pacientes tuvieron antes COVID-19 o si tienen ttulos de IgG positivos para SARS-CoV-2. -Debe vacunarse a todos los pacientes con ERC avanzada, con o sin dilisis crnica, con los esquemas habituales propuestos para las diferentes vacunas disponibles en el medio. -Debe vacunarse a todos los pacientes en lista de espera de trasplante renal. En quienes se encuentran programdos para trasplante inter vivos es deseable que completen la vacunacin un mes antes del procedimiento. -Hay que vacunar a todos los pacientes receptores de trasplante renal luego del primer mes del trasplante y aprovechar las situaciones clnicas de estabilidad y menor requerimiento de inmunosupresin. En las situaciones en que se administra timoglobulina o rituximab al trasplante se recomienda diferir la vacunacin hasta el tercer mes. Cuando se indica tratamiento contra el rechazo (bolos de metilprednisolona, recambio plasmtico teraputico, gammaglobulina), se recomienda posponer la vacunacin al menos dos semanas. -Es preciso vacunar a los pacientes con enfermedades autoinmunitarias (enfermedades autoinmunitarias sistmicas, glomerulopatas), con o sin tratamiento inmunosupresor, de preferencia en el momento en que la enfermedad subyacente est estable y en el mejor momento de la inmunosupresin.
Systematic Review Treatment of Combined Complete Tears of the Anterior Cruciate and Medial Collateral Ligaments (2012)

Purpose: To develop an evidence-based algorithm for the treatment of combined complete tears of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and medial collateral ligament (MCL). Methods: We performed a systematic review using computerized keyword searches of Medline, Embase, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), ACP Journal Club, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Two reviewers independently performed searches and article reduction. Studies that reported stratified outcomes data after the treatment of combined complete tears of the ACL and MCL were included. Data on clinical measures of laxity, range of motion, and strength, as well as subjective outcome measures, were summarized. Results: Five different treatment approaches were reported. Outcomes were better if the ACL was reconstructed and reconstruction was delayed to allow a return of knee range of motion. In many cases, this delay may allow the MCL to heal. MCL repair or reconstruction may be required if valgus instability remains after an appropriate rehabilitation period. Conclusions: ACL reconstruction should be performed in a subacute time frame once full motion has returned. Valgus instability should be assessed at that time and MCL repair or reconstruction performed in those patients with persistent valgus instability. Level of Evidence: Level IV, systematic review of Level I to IV studies.
Conjugal transfer of plasmid pIP501 fromLactococcus lactistoLactobacillus delbruckiisubsp.bulgaricusandLactobacillus helveticus (1989)

Plasmid pIP501 was transferred by conjugation from Lactococcus lactis to Lactobacillus delbrückii subsp. bulgaricus and Lactobacillus helveticus. Only Lb. delbrückii subsp. bulgaricus transconjugants could act as a donor in crosses with Lc. lactis. No Lactobacillus transconjugants were detected after inter- or intra-species Lactobacillus crosses. Plasmid pIP501 has undergone no detectable deletion or rearrangement during transfer from Lc. lactis to Lactobacillus strains.
Widespread Easy and Subtle Tracking with Wireless Identification Networkless Devices -- WEST WIND: an Environmental Tracking System (2000)

During dentinogenesis the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins by (pre)odontoblasts changes concomitantly with the stage of differentiation. Of these ECM proteins some are present throughout all stages of dentinogenesis, while others can only be demonstrated at particular stages of differentiation. Utilizing immunohistochemical techniques, positive detection of ECM proteins within the (pre)odontoblast or in their extracellular matrices has been demonstrated for (pro)collagen type I, III, IV, V and VI, fibronectin, tenascin, laminin, basement membrane heparan sulfate, nidogen, dentinophosphophoryns (DPP), osteocalcin (OC), osteonectin, osteopontin and 95 kDal glycoprotein. Early predentin before onset of dentin mineralization also reacts with antibodies to enamel matrix proteins. Of these ECM proteins, only DPP are exclusively synthesized by odontoblasts; DPP thus can be regarded as specific biochemical markers for odontoblast activity. A second marker for odontoblasts (but also synthesized by osteoblasts and osteocytes) is OC. In some species however OC levels in dentin seem very low. The initiation of dentin mineralization may be a matrix-mediated process in which preameloblasts also seem to be involved. Current data suggest that the DPP-collagen complex is associated with the mineralization process in dentin.
Highly Efficient Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Fluorene Copolymer Consisting of Triarylamine Units in the Main Chain and Oxadiazole Pendent Groups (2005)

We have synthesized a fluorene-based copolymer, PFA-OXD, which possesses bipolar charge-transporting functionalities, through the incorporation of electron-rich triphenylamine moieties and electron-deficient oxadiazole pendent groups into the polymer backbone and onto the C9 position of each fluorene repeating unit, respectively. The propeller-shaped triphenylamine units in the main chain and the rigid cardo-type OXD side chains endow this polymer with a very high glass transition temperature (306 °C) and good thermal stability, without sacrificing its good solution processability. Both in dilute solution and as a thin film, PFA-OXD exhibits a bright blue emission upon excitation of either the main chain or oxadiazole side chains; this phenomenon indicates that efficient energy transfer occurs from the photoexcited pendent groups to the polymer backbone. An organic light-emitting device incorporating this copolymer as the emitting layer exhibits a voltage-independent and stable blue emission having color coordinates (0.14, 0.15) at 9 V; the maximum brightness was 7128 cd m-2 and the maximum luminance efficiency was 2.07 cd A-1. In addition, doping PFA-OXD as a host material with 2.6 wt % of a red-emitting phosphorescent dye, Os(fppz), led to a high-brightness, highly efficient red electroluminescent device having CIE coordinates of (0.65, 0.34), a maximum brightness of 28 440 cd m-2, and a maximum external efficiency of 9.30%.
Radiative Closure Studies for Clear Skies During the ARM 2003 Aerosol Intensive Observation Period (2006)

The Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program sponsored a large intensive observation period (IOP) to study aerosol during the month of May 2003 around the Southern Great Plains (SGP) Climate Research Facility (CRF) in north central Oklahoma. Redundant measurements of aerosol optical properties were made using different techniques at the surface as well as in vertical profile with sensors aboard two aircraft. One of the principal motivations for this experiment was to resolve the disagreement between models and measurements of diffuse horizontal broadband shortwave irradiance at the surface, especially for modest aerosol loading. This paper focuses on using the redundant aerosol and radiation measurements during this IOP to compare direct beam and diffuse horizontal broadband shortwave irradiance measurements and models at the surface for a wide range of aerosol cases that occurred during 30 clear-sky periods on 13 days of May 2003. Models and measurements are compared over a large range of solar-zenith angles. Six different models are used to assess the relative agreement among them and the measurements. Better agreement than previously achieved appears to be the result of better specification of input parameters and better measurements of irradiances than in prior studies. Biases between modeled and measured direct irradiances are less than 1%, and biases between modeled and measured diffuse irradiances are less than 2%.
(Invited) Plasma-Enhanced Quasi-ALE and ALD Processing for Leading-Edge Microfabrication (2016)

We introduce a state-of-the-art self-aligned contact (SAC) process and patterning process developed by new patterning technology using Atomic Layer Etch (ALE) and Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) towards 5/7nm generation. SAC process is known to require SiO 2 etching capability with ultra-high selectivity to SiN. We developed Quasi-ALE technique to improve ALE process to make it more suitable for SiO 2 Etch. By adopting this technology to SAC process, the conventional trade-offs between fine process control and SiO 2 selectivity to SiN in the fine slit pattern is significantly improved. On the other hand, in the patterning process, CD shrink technique without CD loading is one of the key requirements. By integrating ALD process into the etching flow, we developed a process that can control the CD shrink amount in the atomic layer level without causing CD loading.
Frictional Dissipation in a Polymer Bilayer System (2014)

Sliding friction between a silicon tip and a polymer bilayer system consisting of a polystyrene (PS) film covered with a few-nanometers-thick capping layer of hard plasma polymer is studied using friction force microscopy. The system was chosen to enable subsurface dissipation channels to be distinguished from surface friction. Frictional energy dissipation in the underlayer can be identified through the kinetics of the polymer relaxation modes that we measured using nanoscale friction experiments as a function of sample temperature, scanning velocity, and applied load. We found a strong nonlinear increase in friction as a function of applied load around the glass-transition temperature of the PS underlayer. This behavior is a clear signature of frictional dissipation occurring in the volume of the polystyrene layer, well below the surface of the sample. The time-temperature kinetics associated with frictional energy dissipation into the PS was found to be in agreement with the known material properties of PS. Moreover, the data was found to support the hypothesis that the observed friction can be understood as the sum of friction resulting from the relaxation process in the polymer underlayer induced by stress due to the sliding of the tip and a second term associated with dissipation due to sliding friction on the capping layer.
Structure of the murine leukemia virus envelope glycoprotein precursor (1979)

The glycosylated env gene precurosr (Pr80env) of Moloney murine leukemia virus has been isolated by selective immunoprecipitation. Use of the drug tunicamycin to inhibit nascent glycosylation or specific cleavage with endoglycosidase H demonstrated that the precursor contained an apoprotein with a molecular weight of 60,000. The finished virion glycoprotein (gp70) was largely resistant to the action of endoglycosidase H. Chromatography of the glycopeptides of Pr80env in conjunction with endoglycosidase H digestion studies suggested that the precursor contained two distinct major glycosylation sites. Analysis of partial proteolytic cleavage fragments of Pr80env before and after endoglycosidase H treatment placed the two glycosylation sites within a 30,000-dalton region of the apoprotein sequence. Kinetic experiments showed that carbohydrate processing as well as proteolytic cleavage are late steps in the maturation of Pr80env.
[Ibrutinib inhibits mesenchymal stem cells-mediated drug resistance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma]. (2017)

<b>Objective:</b> To explore the mechanism of ibrutinib on drug resistance diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells. <b>Methods:</b> DLBCL cell line was cultured with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) , and DLBCL cells which migrated and adhered to MSC under microscope was counted. The secretion of CXCL12 by MSC were measured by ELISA. The expression of CXCR4 on DLBCL cells were measured by flow cytometry, HBL-1 cells were transfected with a CXCR4-lentivector. An Annexin Ⅴ-binding assay was used to detect the induction of apoptosis. Clonogenic growth of DLBCL cells was evaluated on MethoCult media. Ibrutinib was injected into NOD/SCID mice, tumor growth was assessed via caliper measurements every 3 days. <b>Results:</b> MSC promoted migration and adhesion of DLBCL cells to MSC. Ibrutinib inhibited migration and adhesion of DLBCL cells to MSC in a dose-dependent manner (<i>P</i><0.05) . CXCL12 secreted by MSC and CXCR4 expressed on DLBCL cells could induce each other, which upgraded the levels of secretion and expression. Ibrutinib could inhibit the secretion of CXCL12 (SUDHL10: 660 pg/ml <i>vs</i> 1 400 pg/ml, <i>P</i>=0.004; HBL-1: 720 pg/ml <i>vs</i> 1 490 pg/ml, <i>P</i>=0.018; DLBCL:850 pg/ml <i>vs</i> 1 450 pg/ml, <i>P</i>=0.004) and expression of CXCR4 (<i>P</i><0.05) . When co-cultured with MSC, the ratio of HBL-1 cells apoptosis in the group of control, mitoxantrone, ibrutinib, mitoxantrone+ibrutinib were respectively 15.1%, 17.5%, 23.5%, 58.7%. After transfected with a CXCR4-lentivector and overexpressed CXCR4, the ratios of HBL-1 cells apoptosis were 14.2%, 16.1%, 22.5%, 38.3% respectively. The ratio of DLBCL cells apoptosis induced by mitoxantrone was lower when co-cultured with MSC (<i>P</i><0.05) . But with the addition of ibrutinib, the ratio of apoptosis was increaed and it was similar to cultivation without MSC, which suggested ibrutinib could inhibit drug-resistance induced by MSC. But after transfected with a CXCR4-lentivector, the overexpression of CXCR4 was detected and the ratio of apoptosis was significantly lower when co-cultured with MSC which demonstrated that ibrutinib inhibited drug-resistance by inhibiting the expression of CXCR4. MSC enhanced lymphoma clonogenicity in vitro and lymphoma cell growth in vivo. The number of colonies of control, MSC, Ibrutinib, MSC+Ibrutinib were 113±5, 205±4, 62±9, 123±3 (2.5×10(3)/well, <i>x</i>±<i>s</i>) , respectively. The tumor volume of NOD/SCID mice were respectively 6 500, 17 000, 4 000, 10 000 mm(3). Ibrutinib inhibited lymphoma clonogenicity <i>in vitro</i> and lymphoma cell growth <i>in vitro</i>. <b>Conclusion:</b> Ibrutinib targeted the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis, inhibited the expression of CXCR4 and inhibited MSC-mediated drug resistance. Ibrutinib also inhibited lymphoma clonogenicity <i>in vitro</i> and lymphoma cell growth <i>in vivo</i>. These results provided a scientific rationality for relapsed/refractory DLBCL treatment with ibrutinib.
MRI characteristics are predictive for CDMS in monofocal, but not in multifocal patients with a clinically isolated syndrome (2009)

The Benefit trial has been registered under NCT00185211 http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitroalkene (4 + 2) Cycloadditions with 2‐(Acyloxy)vinyl Ethers. Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐4‐substituted‐pyrrolidines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.