gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proposal of grade training method for quality improvement in microtask crowdsourcing (2019)

Current crowdsourcing platforms such as Amazon Mechanical Turk provide an attractive solution for processing numerous tasks at a low cost. The number of workers who process crowdsourcing tasks is increasing along with the expansion of domains in which crowdsourcing is utilized. However, there is insufficient support for crowdsourcing workers, such as education and improvement of their work environment. This problem may be due to crowdsourcing workers being numerous and unspecified, which also makes them easy to employ and terminate. Poor worker management could lead to declining quality of worker records and unjustified worker termination. In this study, we propose a grade-based training method for workers. Our training method utilizes probabilistic networks to estimate correlations between tasks based on worker records for 18.5 million tasks, then allocates pre-learning tasks to workers to raise the accuracy of target tasks according to task correlations. In an experiment, the method automatically allocated 31 pre-learning task categories for 9 target task categories, and after pre-learning task training, we confirmed that target task accuracy increased by 7.8 points on average. This result was comparatively higher than those for pre-learning tasks allocated using other methods, such as decision trees. We therefore confirmed that task correlations can be estimated from a large number of worker records, and that these are useful for grade-based training of low-quality workers.
544: Pressure Induces Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition [EMT] in Renal Epithelial Cells [EC] (2006)

EMT is an important biological process in which EC lose their epithelial phenotype and instead express characteristics associated with mesenchymal cells. EC which have undergone EMT express characteristics of fibroblasts including an elongated shape, expression of Fibroblast Specific protein-1 [FSP-1] and the capacity to synthesize collagen. EMT contributes to important processes in development, metastasis and fibrosis. Unilateral ureteral obstruction [UUO] is characterized by decreases in renal function, tubular cell atrophy and apoptosis, and interstitial fibrosis. Recent studies have provided direct evidence for EMT in UUO. Changes in interstitial and intrapelvic pressure are also characteristic of UUO, especially early in obstructive disease. We have developed a system to pressurize cells in vitro and provide evidence that pressure RESULTS: in EMT of renal EC. METHODS: HKC-8 cells [ human renal EC line] were placed in culture and were subject to pressure when they reached approximately 50 -60% confluence. Cells were subject to pressure [ 0-120 mm Hg] for up to 36 hours. Expression of FSP-1 was assessed using PCR, immunoperoxidase [IP] and immunofluorescence [IF]. An antibody to S-100A4 [identical to FSP-1] was used for both the IP and IF assays. For IF, slides were also stained with DAPI to identify nuclei. IF slides were observed by epifluorescent microscopy (Nikon Eclipse TE-2000); TGF-f3 and Collagen I expression were assessed by PCR. Results: HKC-8 cells subject to pressure were compared to cells under ambient pressure. By ten hours of incubation, some cells had undergone the shape change characteristic of EMT. Cells exposed to 60 mm Hg for 16 hours demonstrated both increased TGF-f3 mRNA expression and expression of Collagen I mRNA as compared to cells exposed to ambient pressure. Increased FSP mRNA expression was noted by 10 hours. After 36 hours, increased FSP expression was found using both IP and IF. Cells incubated without primary antibody showed no staining CONCLUSIONS: UUO is characterized by increased fibrosis; EMT and FSP-1 expression have been demonstrated in UUO. It has been previously shown that both TGF-f3 and stretch induce EMT in renal EC. We now demonstrate that pressure is an additional inducer of EMT in renal EC. It is known that TGF-f3, stretch and pressure are all increased in the obstructed kidney. Our results suggest that these changes can contribute to the fibrosis of UUO, through their effects on EMT. Further this suggests that EMT could be a target for intervention in UUO.
A Dynamic Role for HDAC7 in MEF2-mediated Muscle Differentiation (2001)

The overlapping expression profile of MEF2 and the class-II histone deacetylase, HDAC7, led us to investigate the functional interaction and relationship between these regulatory proteins. HDAC7 expression inhibits the activity of MEF2 (-A, -C, and -D), and in contrast MyoD and Myogenin activities are not affected. Glutathione S-transferase pulldown and immunoprecipitation demonstrate that the repression mechanism involves direct interactions between MEF2 proteins and HDAC7 and is associated with the ability of MEF2 to interact with the N-terminal 121 amino acids of HDAC7 that encode repression domain 1. The MADS domain of MEF2 mediates the direct interaction of MEF2 with HDAC7. MEF2 inhibition by HDAC7 is dependent on the N-terminal repression domain and surprisingly does not involve the C-terminal deacetylase domain. HDAC7 interacts with CtBP and other class-I and -II HDACs suggesting that silencing of MEF2 activity involves corepressor recruitment. Furthermore, we show that induction of muscle differentiation by serum withdrawal leads to the translocation of HDAC7 from the nucleus into the cytoplasm. This work demonstrates that HDAC7 regulates the function of MEF2 proteins and suggests that this class-II HDAC regulates this important transcriptional (and pathophysiological) target in heart and muscle tissue. The nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of HDAC7 and other class-II HDACs during myogenesis provides an ideal mechanism for the regulation of HDAC targets during mammalian development and differentiation.
Thermoviscoelasticity in Extrusion Deposition Additive Manufacturing Process Simulations (2017)

The Extrusion Deposition Additive Manufacturing (EDAM) process, more commonly known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), is a promising new manufacturing method for high temperature tooling and molds. However, nowadays this process is still largely empirically calibrated. Based on the required capabilities for determining residual stresses and the final deformation state of printed parts and their effects on the part performance, there is a large interest in the development of process simulations. To this end, a set of simulation tools has been implemented in Abaqus/Standard through a user subroutine suite at Purdue University to model the EDAM process. This work extends these simulation capabilities to include thermoviscoelastic material properties. An incremental linear thermoviscoelastic model is presented for an anisotropic material and implemented in Abaqus with a UMAT user subroutine. The thermoviscoelastic properties of a 50wt.% carbon fiber reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) were characterized in relaxation experiments and the implemented model was verified using the experimental data. To assess the significance of crystallization informed thermoviscoelastic material properties, process simulation results were compared for an autoclave tool. Here, the outcomes of the thermoviscoelastic analysis were compared with a simulation considering temperature dependent elastic properties. The results of this comparison indicate that it is essential to capture viscoelasticity that is informed by crystallization in order to predict realistic stress levels for subsequent performance analyses. In addition to the stresses, the resulting final deformations differ significantly for both analyses as well. The different internal stress levels after deposition and the crystallization informed material stiffness in the thermoviscoelastic analysis are the main causes for this deviation.
Fiber sensor assisted in-vivo needle guidance for minimally invasive procedures (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Image-guided procedures are performed frequently by radiologists to insert a catheter within a target vessel or lumen or to perform biopsy of a lesion. For instance, an interventional radiologist uses fluoroscopy during percutaneous biliary drainage procedure (a procedure during which a catheter is inserted through the skin to drain the bile from liver) to identify the location of the needle tip within liver parenchyma, hepatic blood vessel or bile duct. However, the identification of the target organ under fluoroscopy exposes the patient to x-ray irradiation, which may be significant if the time of procedure is prolonged. We have designed a fiber core needle system that may help the radiologist identify the location of the needle tip in real time without exposing the patient to x-ray. Our needle system transmits a low power modulated light into the tissue through a fiber cable embedded in the needle and detects the backscattered light using another fiber inside the needle. We were able to successfully distinguish the location of our prototype needle tip inside a cow liver phantom to identify if the needle tip was within liver parenchyma, liver vessels, or in the bile duct based on the recorded backscattered light.
Long term behaviour of poly(vinyl chloride) products under soil buried and landfill conditions (1999)

AbstractThe long term performance of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) products has been investigated in laboratory scale landfill simulation assays. Leachate and gas were monitored and PVC samples were inspected. No degradation of the PVC polymer was observed. Plasticised PVC products showed a certain loss of additives. In addition, leachate samples from actual landfill sites were analysed for phthalates and organotin compounds. A preliminary assessment of the environmental impact indicates that there is no significant contribution of PVC waste to concentrations of heavy metals in landfills, and the presence of phthalates and organotin compounds in the leachate is not expected to constitute a risk to the aquatic environment.
Modeling routing demand for early-stage FPGA architecture development (2008)

Architecture development for FPGAs has typically been a very empirical discipline, requiring the synthesis of benchmark circuits into candidate architectures. This is difficult to do in the early stages of architecture development, however, because there is no complete architecture to synthesize circuits into. The effort required to create prototype tools for nascent architectures is far too great for every new logic block or routing architecture idea, and so it would be extremely helpful to have a simple and intuitive FPGA interconnect model to guide the architect
Memory‐driven eye movements prospectively predict dementia in people at risk of Alzheimer's disease (2022)

The analysis of eye movement behavior combined with cognitive markers for AD can effectively predict progression to ADS among patients with MCI.
Applications for Transition-Metal Chemistry in Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2020)

Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool for diagnostic medicine. However, safety concerns related to gadolinium in commercial MRI contrast agents have emerged in recent years. For patients suffering from severe renal impairment, there is an important unmet medical need to perform contrast-enhanced MRI without gadolinium. There are also concerns over the long-term effects of retained gadolinium within the general patient population. Demand for gadolinium-free MRI contrast agents is driving a new wave of inorganic chemistry innovation as researchers explore paramagnetic transition-metal complexes as potential alternatives. Furthermore, advances in personalized care making use of molecular-level information have motivated inorganic chemists to develop MRI contrast agents that can detect pathologic changes at the molecular level. Recent studies have highlighted how reaction-based modulation of transition-metal paramagnetism offers a highly effective mechanism to achieve MRI contrast enhancement that is specific to biochemical processes. This Viewpoint highlights how recent advances in transition-metal chemistry are leading the way for a new generation of MRI contrast agents.
Abstract 5808: Assessment of Aortic Bioprostheses is Feasible Applying Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance - In Vivo and In Vitro Studies (2008)

Orifice area is decisive to assess bioprosthetic performance after aortic valve replacement. However, standard calculation by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is often limited. This is the first series testing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to quantify the orifice area of bioprostheses. Prosthetic orifice visualization was performed in a clinical 1.5T MR system (Siemens Magnetom Avanto) within a stack of prosthesis parallel steady state free precession cines (slice thickness 5mm, no gap). Orifice quantification was done manually by planimetry. In vivo, we compared the orifice area obtained by CMR with TTE (continuity equation) prospectively in 56 patients with aortic bioprostheses (40 stented, 16 stentless). In a subgroup of 23 patients also transesophageal echocardiography (planimetry; TEE) was applied. In vitro, we studied four different bioprostheses in a CMR-compatible pulsatile flow model under standardized conditions. In vivo, CMR planimetry was feasible in 52 patients (92.9%). Atrial fibrillation with rapid heart rate, inability to sustain breath holds and flow-artifacts rendered image-quality non-diagnostic in 3 patients. Three patients had insufficient transthoracic acoustic windows. Correlations of CMR with TTE (n=50; r=0.85; p&lt;0.001) and CMR with TEE (n=21; r=0.97; p&lt;0.001) were highly significant, both for stentless and stented bioprostheses. In Bland-Altman analysis, mean difference between CMR and TTE was −0.06±0.24cm 2 , between CMR and TEE 0.03±0.12cm 2 . In vitro, mean orifice areas obtained by CMR planimetry were 1.60±0.04cm 2 for Hancock 25, 1.59±0.01cm 2 for Perimount 23, 1.29±0.07cm 2 for Perimount 21 and 1.56±0.04cm 2 for Mitroflow 25. The assessment of bioprostheses by CMR is technically feasible and provides orifice areas with close correlation to echocardiography. Thus, CMR is an important non-invasive tool to assess bioprostheses in selected patients. The flow model allows for establishing CMR specific reference orifice areas for various valve types and comparing their hydrodynamic performance under standardized conditions. The concepts and information presented in this abstract are based on research and are not commercially available.
Detection of Colorectal Serrated Polyps by Stool DNA Testing: Comparison with Fecal Immunochemical Testing for Occult Blood (FIT) (2014)

In a screening and surveillance setting, SSP ≥ 1 cm can be detected noninvasively by stool assay of exfoliated DNA markers, especially mBMP3. FIT appears to have no value in SSP detection.
Stirling Cycle Engine Analysis (1983)

This book is a timely, accurate and comprehensive monograph which presents a solid foundation for the development of Stirling engine analysis by covering computer, mathematical and experimental techniques which affect the structured analysis. The subject requires a familiarity with the design and operational mode of the Stirling engine being analyzed, and the thermodynamics and aerodynamics of fluid flow and simultaneous heat transfer. Contents, abridged: Isothermal analysis. Free-piston machines. Heat exchanger analysis. Parasitic losses. Appendices. Index.
Cobalt-Based Alloys for High Temperature Applications (2010)

The isothermal oxidation behavior and thermal stability of a cobalt base alloy was investigated up to a period of 312 hr in air from 1000 to 1200°C. A comparison of oxidation behavior of this alloy with a conventional nickel-base superalloy (Inconel 713C) has been conducted in detail. This experimental alloy oxidizes by forming layers of Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, CoO and traces of SiO2 with WO2 oxides on the surface of the specimen in contact with air. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to study the microstructure, morphology and compositions of oxides formed after the exposure. Thermal stability of the alloy after extended periods of exposures to air at 1000, 1100 and 1200°C was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Low threshold and high speed short cavity distributed feedback hybrid silicon lasers (2014)

In this paper we investigate reducing threshold and improving the efficiency and speed of distributed feedback hybrid silicon lasers. A low threshold current of 8.8 mA was achieved for a 200 μm cavity at 20 °C. A 3 dB bandwidth of 9.5 GHz as well as 12.5 Gb/s direct modulation of DFB laser diode was achieved on the hybrid silicon platform for the first time.
Supplementary Table from Antitumor Activity and Immune Response Induction of a Dual Agonist of Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 8 (2023)

Supplementary Table from Antitumor Activity and Immune Response Induction of a Dual Agonist of Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 8
CFD Analysis of Turbec T100 Combustor at Part Load by Varying Fuels (2015)

In recent years an increasing interest is focused on the study of micro gas turbines (MGT) behavior at part load by varying fuel, in order to determine their versatility. The interest in using MGT is related to the possibility of feeding with a wide range of fuels and to realize efficient cogenerative cycles by recovering heat from exhaust gases at higher temperatures. In this context, the studies on micro gas turbines are focused on the analysis of the machine versatility and flexibility, when operating conditions and fuels are significantly varied. In line of principle, in case of gaseous fuels with similar Wobbe Index no modifications to the combustion chamber should be required. The adoption of fuels whose properties differ greatly from those of design can require relevant modifications of the combustor, besides the proper adaptation of the feeding system. Thus, at low loads or low calorific value fuels, the combustor becomes a critical component of the entire MGT, as regards stability and emissions of the combustion process. Focus of the paper is a 3D CFD analysis of the combustor behavior of a Turbec T100P fueled at different loads and fuels. Differences between combustors designed for natural gas and liquid fuels are also highlighted. In case of natural gas, inlet combustor temperature and pressure were taken from experimental data; in case of different fuels, such data were inferred by using a thermodynamic model which takes into account rotating components behavior through operating maps of compressor and turbine. Specific aim of the work is to underline potentialities and critical issues of the combustor under study in case of adoption of fuels far from the design one and to suggest possible solutions.
Size Exclusion and Ion Exchange Chromatographic Hardware Modified with a Hydrophilic Hybrid Surface (2022)

Certain biomolecules have proven to be difficult to analyze by liquid chromatography (LC), especially under certain chromatographic conditions. The separation of proteins in aqueous mobile phases is one such example because there is the potential for both hydrophobic and ionic secondary interactions to occur with chromatographic hardware to the detriment of peak recovery, peak shape, and the overall sensitivity of the LC analysis. To decrease non-specific adsorption and undesired secondary interactions between column hardware and biomolecules, we have developed and applied a new hydrophilically modified hybrid surface (h-HST) for size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and anion exchange (AEX) separations of proteins and nucleic acids. This surface incorporates additional oxygen and carbon atoms onto an ethylene bridge hybrid siloxane polymer. As a result, it exhibits reduced electrostatic properties and hydrophilicity that facilitates challenging aqueous separations. Flow injection tests with a phosphate buffer showed superior protein recovery from an h-HST frit when compared to unmodified ethylene-bridged hybrid HST, titanium, stainless steel, and PEEK frits. When applied to SEC of rituximab, ramucirumab, and trastuzumab emtansine with a 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer, this new hydrophilic chromatographic hardware yielded improved monomer and aggregate recovery, higher plate numbers, and more symmetrical peaks. AEX columns also benefited from h-HST hardware. An acidic mAb (eculizumab) showed improved recovery, more stable retention, and a sharper peak when eluted from an h-HST versus SS column. Moreover, AEX separations of intact mRNA samples (Cas9 and EPO mRNA) were improved, where it was seen that h-HST column hardware provided higher sensitivity and more repeatable peak areas from injection to injection. As such, there is significant potential in the use of h-HST chromatographic hardware to facilitate more robust and more sensitive analyses for a multitude of challenging separations and analytes.
Electrically tunable mid-infrared extraordinary optical transmission gratings (2008)

Active control over the resonant frequency of a surface plasmon excitation is demonstrated. Tunable semiconductor-based extraordinary optical transmission gratings were fabricated, designed for transmission between 7 and 10 mum, showing a tuning range of over 25 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> .
[POSTER] Hands-Free AR Work Support System Monitoring Work Progress with Point-cloud Data Processing (2015)

We present a hands-free AR work support system that provides work instructions to workers without interrupting normal work procedures. This system estimates the work progress by monitoring the status of work objects only on the basis of 3D data captured from a depth sensor mounted on a helmet, and it selects appropriate information to be displayed on a head-mounted display (HMD) on the basis of the estimated work progress. We describe a prototype of the proposed system and the results of primary experiments carried out to evaluate the accuracy and performance of the system.
Data for Order and Disorder in ABCA′ Tetrablock Terpolymers (2017)

Self-consistent field theory calculations appearing in the paper, along with scripts for generating the plots of those data using Polymer Self Consistent Field (PSCF) code.
Tissue-mimicking thermochromic phantom for characterization of HIFU devices and applications (2019)

We developed a novel MR-imageable and HIFU-compatible TMTCP to characterize HIFU heating without MRI or thermocouples. The HIFU-optimized TMTCP reports absolute temperatures and ablation zone geometry with high spatial resolution. Consequently, the TMTCP can be used to evaluate HIFU heating and may provide an in vitro tool for peak temperature assessment, and reduce preclinical in vivo requirements for clinical translation.