gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full viscous modeling in generalized coordinates of heat conducting flows in rotating systems (1993)

A computational and analytical study has been carried out that assesses viscous formulations used currently in the state-of-the-art and widely used incompressible viscous flow solution methodologies in generalized curvilinear coordinates. These methodologies use a powerful and simple approximate factorization delta scheme. The conventional thin (viscous) layer form used for steady-state flows is analyzed and is then improved to extend its applicability, in general, to the solution of unsteady incompressible flows. Then, this improved thin-layer formulation is further extended to include more terms of the same order that are ignored in the thin-layer approximation because of the limitation imposed by the use of a conservation form of the viscous flux vector. This is achieved by recasting the viscous vector in nonconservation form. The resulting formulation represents the full-viscous (FV) formulation (except for higherorder cross-derivative terms). Solutions with the full-viscous, improved, and conventional thin-layer formulations are shown to be different, even for laminar heat conducting flow. Also, the steady state full-viscous solutions with and without the cross-derivative terms are compared and are found to be practically the same. This delineates the need, in general, for the FV formulation for turbulent flows, where turbulent viscosity variation in space is large. The methodology developed here is then used to compute flow in a rotating square duct with fast and slow rotation. The limiting solutions obtained are compared with the analytic limiting solutions and previously obtained reduced numerical solutions. Agreement is shown to be very good.
BaaS (Bluetooth-as-a-sensor) (2017)

As network connectivity becomes more capable, mobile devices are evolving into sensory data accumulators. Bluetooth (BT) components, which are widely used for communication purposes, also have the potential to become contextual sensors by constantly listening to information broadcast by nearby Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. Compared to traditional Micro-Electro-Mechanical (MEMs) based contextual sensors, Bluetooth-as-a-Sensor (BaaS) provides a wider sensing spectrum and more comprehensive environmental information. However, current implementations of BT are optimized as a data transmitter, therefore deploying BaaS on a traditional mobile platform would cause an unacceptably high current drain and hence a significant reduction in battery life. Our objective is to conquer the current drain problem associated with having continuous wireless BT sensing. We provide a novel BaaS-based architecture which utilizes an energy-efficient sensor fusion core (SFC) to execute heavy-duty and long-standing tasks. We also present an optimized duty cycle algorithm that minimizes the duty cycle while guaranteeing an application's QoS requirements. Both BaaS architecture and algorithm are implemented and deployed on a Moto X platform and then applied to an indoor location service for consumer use validation. The performance of the BaaS-based architecture is evaluated for both average current drain and location accuracy. Data measured on Moto X shows that when using the BaaS architecture, the battery life is 5 times longer than using the traditional BT architecture.
Impulse breakdown mechanism based on discharge propagation process under non-uniform electric field in air (2011)

In this paper, we aim to clarify the discharge mechanism leading to breakdown under non-uniform electric field in air, especially on the propagation process of discharge current channel. The discharge measurement was performed in a needle (φ1 mm)-plane electrode system with gap length g=15-100 mm in 0.1 MPa dry air under applying a positive impulse voltage. We observed discharge current waveform and fast-framing images of light emission with image intensifier controlled by a nanosecond pulse. We found out two types of breakdown mechanisms from streamer initiation to breakdown (BD); secondary streamer progress and leader progress. In addition, we investigated the transition region between both types of BD mechanism, focusing on the case of gap length (g=30 mm). Finally, we found that the secondary streamer propagation would dominate the formation process of the discharge channel and the mechanism leading to BD. Also, we found the criterion of impulse breakdown mechanism in air.
Our personal and scientific encounter and collaboration with Delone (or a story of the development of multiphoton and tunnel ionization) (2009)

Each of us, (SLC) and (FI), met N.B. Delone under different circumstances. Nevertheless his scien tific work and personal demeanor had profound effect on both of us. Thanks to Delone we were able to work together for a number of years, and that impelled us to form a duet in relating memories of our encounter with Delone’s work and life. In what follows we are stepping in front of each other rushing to convey our stories, mixing first and third person narrative modes, trying to reach through years and continents in an attempt to do the impossi ble recreate one’s personal live. We admit our failure before hand to stress the fact that such happening as the life of Nikolay Delone is unprecedented and any slice and projection that we claim to remember are just flimsy rendering of the phenomenon.
Data from A Novel Sulforaphane-Regulated Gene Network in Suppression of Breast Cancer–Induced Osteolytic Bone Resorption (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Bone is the most preferred site for colonization of metastatic breast cancer cells for each subtype of the disease. The standard of therapeutic care for breast cancer patients with bone metastasis includes bisphosphonates (e.g., zoledronic acid), which have poor oral bioavailability, and a humanized antibody (denosumab). However, these therapies are palliative, and a subset of patients still develop new bone lesions and/or experience serious adverse effects. Therefore, a safe and orally bioavailable intervention for therapy of osteolytic bone resorption is still a clinically unmet need. This study demonstrates suppression of breast cancer–induced bone resorption by a small molecule (sulforaphane, SFN) that is safe clinically and orally bioavailable. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; osteoclast differentiation was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner upon addition of conditioned media from SFN-treated breast cancer cells representative of different subtypes. Targeted microarrays coupled with interrogation of The Cancer Genome Atlas data set revealed a novel SFN-regulated gene signature involving cross-regulation of &lt;i&gt;runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2)&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;nuclear factor-κB&lt;/i&gt; and their downstream effectors. Both RUNX2 and p65/p50 expression were higher in human breast cancer tissues compared with normal mammary tissues. RUNX2 was recruited at the promotor of &lt;i&gt;NFKB1&lt;/i&gt;. Inhibition of osteoclast differentiation by SFN was augmented by doxycycline-inducible stable knockdown of RUNX2. Oral SFN administration significantly increased the percentage of bone volume/total volume of affected bones in the intracardiac MDA-MB-231-Luc model indicating &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; suppression of osteolytic bone resorption by SFN. These results indicate that SFN is a novel inhibitor of breast cancer–induced osteolytic bone resorption &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Saliva and Serum Immune Responses in Apical Periodontitis (2019)

Apical periodontitis is an inflammatory reaction at the apex of an infected tooth. Its microbiota resembles that of marginal periodontitis and may induce local and systemic antibodies binding to bacteria- and host-derived epitopes. Our aim was to investigate the features of the adaptive immune response in apical periodontitis. The present Parogene cohort (<i>n</i> = 453) comprises patients with cardiac symptoms. Clinical and radiographic oral examination was performed to diagnose apical and marginal periodontitis. A three-category endodontic lesion score was designed. Antibodies binding to the bacteria- and host-derived epitopes were determined from saliva and serum, and bacterial compositions were examined from saliva and subgingival samples. The significant ORs (95% CI) for the highest endodontic scores were observed for saliva IgA and IgG to bacterial antigens (2.90 (1.01-8.33) and 4.91 (2.48-9.71)/log10 unit), saliva cross-reacting IgG (2.10 (1.48-2.97)), serum IgG to bacterial antigens (4.66 (1.22-10.1)), and Gram-negative subgingival species (1.98 (1.16-3.37)). In a subgroup without marginal periodontitis, only saliva IgG against bacterial antigens associated with untreated apical periodontitis (4.77 (1.05-21.7)). Apical periodontitis associates with versatile adaptive immune responses against both bacterial- and host-derived epitopes independently of marginal periodontitis. Saliva immunoglobulins could be useful biomarkers of oral infections including apical periodontitis-a putative risk factor for systemic diseases.
Stereoselective synthesis and rearrangement-fragmentation of arylidene N-alkoxydiketopiperazines (2011)

A stereoselective synthesis of arylidene N-alkoxydiketopiperazines via oxime-ether formation and intramolecular acylation is described, followed by an acid-catalysed rearrangement-fragmentation to give novel diketopiperazine hemiaminal derivatives with useful bioactivity against certain tumour cell lines.
Scaling Down of MOCVD HfSiON to 1nm EOT (2007)

In this paper we report the down scaling of MOCVD HfSiON gate dielectric towards sub-1nm EOT in Ni-FUSI/HfSiON CMOS devices. HfSiOx process optimization shows that the best device performance is reached for HfSiON gate dielectrics with 60% Hf. N dose engineering in the HfSiON with Decoupled plasma nitridation (DPN) shows that increasing the N dose results in a higher normalized drive current (NIdsat) and a reduced Tinv. However a higher N dose also causes a higher gate leakage (Jg) and more mobility degradation for electrons and holes. The optimum N dose is around 6%. Finally we demonstrate that a dielectric stack of 0.5nm ISSG oxide/2.3nm MOCVD HfSiOx followed by a DPN nitridation achieves 1nm EOT with an excellent controlled gate leakage &lt; 1A/cm2 in Ni-FUSI/HfSiON CMOS devices.
Key role of prioritized diagonal motion of electrons in the iron-based superconductors (2013)

We present a theoretical understanding of the superconducting phase diagram of the electron-doped iron pnictides. We show that, besides the Fermi surface nesting, a peculiar of electrons, where the next nearest neighbor (diagonal) hoppings between iron sites dominate over the nearest neighbor ones, plays an important role in the enhancement of the spin fluctuation and thus superconductivity. In the highest $T_c$ materials, the crossover between the Fermi surface nesting and this prioritized diagonal motion regime occurs smoothly with doping, while in relatively low $T_c$ materials, the two regimes are separated and therefore results in a double dome $T_c$ phase diagram.
Temperaturgradienten in einer Pfeifenorgel : Simulation und Messung (2010)

Die Verstimmung von Pfeifenorgeln auf Grund von Änderungen der Raumtemperatur ist ein bekanntes Phänomen im Orgelbau. Die absoluten Frequenzänderungen einzelner Pfeifen sind in der Regel nicht hörbar, wohl aber Schwebungen, die zwischen mehreren gleichzeitig klingenden Pfeifen auftreten. Vor allem im Winter entstehen beim schnellen Beheizen einer Kirche vor einer Veranstaltung unterschiedliche Temperaturzonen im Orgelgehäuse, die solch störende Verstimmungen verursachen. Am Beispiel der St. Martinskirche in Oberesslingen wurde dies bereits durch Messungen bestätigt. Im Rahmen eines von der DFG finanzierten Forschungsprojektes wurde an der technischen Universität in Stockholm ein Computermodell dieser Kirche und der darin befindlichen Orgel entwickelt und anhand der erwähnten Messergebnisse validiert. Die einzelnen Orgelwerke mit den darin befindlichen Pfeifen wurden dabei durch Zonen gleichen Volumens und mit porösen Eigenschaften ersetzt. Das erste Teilziel der Studie war die Simulation von Strömungsmustern und Temperaturverteilungen in der Orgel bei beheizter Kirche. Im Anschluss daran wurden verschiedene Ventilationssysteme für eine bessere Durchmischung der Luft im Orgelgehäuse entworfen, in das Modell integriert und deren Einfluss auf die Temperaturverteilung untersucht.
Pt(II) Complexes with Azolate-containing Bidentate Chelate: Design, Photophysics, and Application (2017)

This review is aimed at the current research progression of a unique class of Pt(II) metal complexes bearing at least one azolate-containing bidentate chelate. The azole fragment can link to a neutral heteroaromatic entity or another azole and form bidentate chelates, such as monoanionic 3-pyridyl-1H-pyrazole and derivatives, dianionic 3,3′-bi-1H-pyrazole, 3,3′-(1-methylethylidene)-bis-1H-pyrazole, and their analogs. These azole-containing chelates readily react with a variety of Pt(II) reagents to afford the corresponding bis-bidentate Pt(II) complexes. Most of them were highly emissive in solution, doped polymer matrix, thin film, and even as crystal or powder, due to the high ligand field strength exerted by these chelates and their high propensity in forming the singular square-planar architecture and intermolecular aggregates with substantially strengthened Pt⋯Pt interaction, according to their structural design. Therefore, they hold bright prospects in academic research and future optoelectronic applications such as organic light-emitting diodes.
Insulin‐treated diabetes in Tasmania: population‐based clinical characteristics and their possible implications for diabetic health care in Australia (for editorial comment, see page 427; see also page 439) (1989)

The Tasmanian Insulin-treated Diabetes Register recruited 1233 eligible (treatment with insulin on May 1, 1984) subjects with insulin-treated diabetes, which enabled the description of a population-based profile of clinical characteristics. Approximately one-third of both the male and female subjects who were recruited was considered to have insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. As would be expected, subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were considerably younger, had a longer average duration of disease, and had had fewer hospital admissions compared with subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. However, in some cases, both forms of diabetes were of long duration and had resulted in multiple hospital admissions. More than 90% of subjects with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and approximately half the subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were hospitalized at diagnosis; an absence of a secular trend in diabetes-stabilization practices was noted, which suggested a low utilization of facilities for ambulatory stabilization in Tasmania to date. To monitor metabolic control, approximately half the subjects performed self-monitoring of their blood glucose levels exclusively, which indicated the widespread acceptance of this form of evaluation (which has been introduced into Australia only within the past decade). Approximately one-quarter of the subjects continued to perform urine testing exclusively and a small proportion of subjects did not monitor their metabolic control in any way.
Mechanisms involved in Helicobacter pylori-induced interleukin-8 production by a gastric cancer cell line, MKN45 (1997)

Accumulating evidence suggests an important role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in Helicobacter pylori infection-associated chronic atrophic gastritis and peptic ulcer. We observed in this study that a gastric cancer-derived cell line, MKN45, produced a massive amount of IL-8 upon coculture with live H. pylori but not with killed H. pylori, H. pylori culture supernatants, or live H. pylori separated by a permeable membrane, indicating that IL-8 production requires a direct contact between the cells and live bacteria. Moreover, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor herbimycin but neither a protein kinase C inhibitor (staurosporine) nor a protein kinase A inhibitor (H89) inhibited IL-8 production by MKN45 cells cocultured with live bacteria, suggesting the involvement of a tyrosine kinase(s) in H. pylori-induced IL-8 production. In addition, coculture of H. pylori induced IL-8 mRNA expression in MKN45 cells and an increase in luciferase activity in cells which were transfected with a luciferase expression vector linked with a 5'-flanking region of the IL-8 gene (bp -133 to +44), indicating that the induction of IL-8 production occurred at the transcriptional level. This region contain three cis elements important for induction of IL-8 gene expression: AP-1 (-126 to -120 bp), NF-IL6 (-94 to -81 bp), and NF-kappaB (-80 to -70 bp) binding sites. Mutation of the NF-kappaB binding site abrogated completely the induction of luciferase activity, whereas that of the AP-1 site partially reduced the induction. However, mutation of the NF-IL6 binding site resulted in no decrease in the induction of luciferase activity. Moreover, specific NF-kappaB complexes were detected in the nuclear proteins extracted from MKN45 cells which were infected with H. pylori. Collectively, these results suggest that H. pylori induced the activation of NF-kappaB as well as AP-1, leading to IL-8 gene transcription.
Loss of CD4 membrane expression and CD4 mRNA during acute human immunodeficiency virus replication. (1988)

Using mAbs and genomic probe to the CD4 molecule, the HIV receptor, we demonstrated that HIV replication induces the disappearance of its functional receptor from the cell surface by two distinct mechanisms. First, after being expressed onto the cell surface, HIV envelope gp110 will complex CD4, efficiently masking the CD4 epitope used by the virus to bind its receptor. This phenomenon occurs on the surface of each infected cell and is not due to the release of soluble gp110; infection with recombinant HIV/vaccinia viruses expressing a mutated HIV env gene designed to prevent gp110 release from the cell surface induces a similar gp/CD4 complexes formation. Second, virus replication induces a dramatic and rapid loss of CD4 mRNA transcripts, preventing new CD4 molecules from being synthesized. These two mechanisms of receptor modulation could have been developed to avoid reinfection of cells replicating the virus as well as to produce more infectious particles. These results suggest that the classical virus interference documented for other retroviruses might not only be due to receptor/envelope interaction, but might also depend on receptor gene expression.
Quantum-correlated photon pairs generated in a commercial 45nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor microelectronics chip (2015)

Correlated photon pairs are a fundamental building block of quantum photonic systems. While pair sources have previously been integrated on silicon chips built using customized photonics manufacturing processes, these often take advantage of only a small fraction of the established techniques for microelectronics fabrication and have yet to be integrated in a process which also supports electronics. Here we report the first demonstration of quantum-correlated photon pair generation in a device fabricated in an unmodified advanced (sub-100nm) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process, alongside millions of working transistors. The microring resonator photon pair source is formed in the transistor layer structure, with the resonator core formed by the silicon layer typically used for the transistor body. With ultra-low continuous-wave on-chip pump powers ranging from 5 $μ$W to 400 $μ$W, we demonstrate pair generation rates between 165 Hz and 332 kHz using &gt;80% efficient WSi superconducting nanowire single photon detectors. Coincidences-to-accidentals ratios consistently exceeding 40 were measured with a maximum of 55. In the process of characterizing this source we also accurately predict pair generation rates from the results of classical four-wave mixing measurements. This proof-of-principle device demonstrates the potential of commercial CMOS microelectronics as an advanced quantum photonics platform with capability of large volume, pristine process control, and where state-of-the-art high-speed digital circuits could interact with quantum photonic circuits.
Virtual Sensing in High-Performance Vehicles With Artificial Intelligence (2019)

Abstract This paper presents a technique for the estimation of the sideslip angle and longitudinal speed of a high-performance four-wheel drive vehicle by means of Artificial Neural Networks. The proposed architecture relies on the combination of a pattern recognition neural classifier with two stages of cascaded regression neural networks. The classifier allows identifying the road condition and the regression stages perform the two estimation tasks. The networks are trained by means of datasets recorded on an instrumented vehicle. The strategy is tested in different road adherence conditions, namely dry, wet and icy, and in a variety of driving maneuvers. The effectiveness of the technique is demonstrated experimentally by deploying the algorithm on the vehicle and comparing the sideslip angle estimation with the measurement computed by an optical sensor and the longitudinal speed estimation with both the estimation already present on the vehicle and obtained as the mean value of the wheels’ velocity and with the optical sensor measurement.
GreenGPS (2010)

This paper develops a navigation service, called GreenGPS, that uses participatory sensing data to map fuel consumption on city streets, allowing drivers to find the most fuel efficient routes for their vehicles between arbitrary end-points. The service exploits measurements of vehicular fuel consumption sensors, available via the OBD-II interface standardized in all vehicles sold in the US since 1996. The interface gives access to most gauges and engine instrumentation. The most fuel-efficient route does not always coincide with the shortest or fastest routes, and may be a function of vehicle type. Our experimental study shows that a participatory sensing system can influence routing decisions of individual users and also answers two questions related to the viability of the new service. First, can it survive conditions of sparse deployment? Second, how much fuel can it save? A challenge in participatory sensing is to generalize from sparse sampling of high-dimensional spaces to produce compact descriptions of complex phenomena. We illustrate this by developing models that can predict fuel consumption of a set of sixteen different cars on the streets of the city of Urbana-Champaign. We provide experimental results from data collection suggesting that a 1% average prediction error is attainable and that an average 10% savings in fuel can be achieved by choosing the right route.
Energy consumption of communication systems using integrated nanophotonic devices (2016)

Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) provides an infrastructure for the implementation of a range of integrated photonic devices and circuits that have the potential to replace the state-of-the-art commercial optical devices in telecommunications, providing system-level gains at a lower cost. In this work, we study the potential of CMOS photonics for long-haul communication systems. We compare the energy consumption of these systems built with the state-of-the-art commercial modulators, receivers, and EDFAs, with those based on the most recent CMOS photonic devices and circuits in conjunction with low-noise and efficient semiconductor optical amplifiers. The latest achievements in low-power CMOS photonic transmitters and receivers.
The Importance of Overcoming Resistance (2020)

the pioneering studies of Pearson and Redding (1), there has been a focus on arterial pressure in the development of chest compression-based cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). This made sense: cardiac arrest is an absence of pump function resulting in a loss of the arterialto-venous perfusion gradient that is the driving force for blood flow.