gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: MICROBIOLOGICAL HYDROXYLATION PART 7, C‐19‐HYDROXYLATION OF 17‐OXO‐5ALPHA‐ANDROSTANES AND 17‐OXO‐3ALPHA,5‐CYCLO‐5ALPHA‐ANDROSTANES BY THE FUNGUS CALONECTRIA DECORA (1975)

Abstract Die Reihenfolge der mikrobiologischen Reaktion bei der C‐19‐Hydroxylierung des Androstanons (I) wird geklärt.
<title>Melting of a semiconductor crystal (InSb) with a short laser pulse (100 fs)</title> (1997)

Time-dependent x-ray diffraction has been measured from laser-irradiated semiconductor crystals. Laser pulses with 100 fs duration and 800 nm wavelength excite the sample inducing phase transitions. 5 keV x-rays from the Advanced Light Source are diffracted by a sagittally-focusing Si (111) crystal and then by the sample crystal, InSb (111), onto an avalanche photodiode. By detecting individual pulses of synchrotron radiation, which have a duration of 70 ps, the diffracted intensity is observed to decrease because of photoabsorption in a disordered surfaced layer. Rocking curves measured after the laser irradiation show a tail, which results from a strained region caused by expansion of the crystal lattice.
ChemInform Abstract: Photo‐induced Metal—Ligand Bond Weakening, Potential Surfaces, and Spectra (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PASSIVE HEMOLYSIS BY SERUM AND COBRA VENOM FACTOR: A NEW MECHANISM INDUCING MEMBRANE DAMAGE BY COMPLEMENT (1969)

The studies presented here indicate that activation of the complement (C') system by a foreign protein will cause membrane injury and passive lysis of unsensitized erythrocytes present at the time of the reaction. These observations suggest that in addition to the classical antibody-C'-induced cytolysis, there are alternative pathways or mechanisms for activation and participation of the terminal C' components in the production of cell membrane injury. We have shown that a substance derived from cobra venom and eluted from a single protein band on polyacrylamide can promote lysis of unsensitized autologous or heterologous erythrocytes in the presence of fresh guinea pig serum and that this lysis-inducing activity and C'-inhibiting activity appear to reside in the same fractions. The lytic activity is prevented by several agents known to impair classical C'3 activity, but is unaffected by certain procedures which interfere with the function of C' components C'1 and C'2, a suggestion that this reaction involves chiefly C'3-C'9. Further, the cobra venom (CV) factor depletes C' activity in cobra serum, and the CV factor (with its 5S serum cofactor) converts purified C'3 to its inactive form,(1) indicating that the reaction of this complex with the complement system occurs without participation of antibody. Therefore, since the lysis-inducing and C'-inhibiting activity of the CV factor appear to result from similar interactions with the complement system, these observations suggest that cell membrane damage and cell lysis can be accomplished through activation of the complement system by a mechanism involving little or no participation of classical antibody or C' components C'1, 4, or 2.
Novel Malonamide Derivatives as .ALPHA.v.BETA.3 Antagonists. Syntheses and Evaluation of 3-(3-Indolin-1-yl-3-Oxopropanoyl)aminopropanoic Acids on Vitronectin Interaction with .ALPHA.v.BETA.3. (2001)

In attempt to find novel integrin alphavbeta3 antagonists, we selected SC65811 and its guanidine analogue (1) as lead compounds. Modification of the glycine part of SC65811 led to a new series of malonamide derivatives that exhibited alphavbeta3 inhibitory activity. Among them, (R,S)-3-[3-[6-(3-benzylureido)indolin-1-yl]-3-oxopropanoylamino]-3- (pyridin-3-yl)propanoic acid (43a) showed not only potent activity with an IC50 value of 3.0 nM but also good selectivity for alphavbeta3 relative to alphaIIbbeta3, alpha5beta1, and alphavbeta5 with IC50 values of 19,000, 11,000, and 14 nM, respectively. Furthermore, optimization of 43a led to the most potent alphavbeta3 antagonist, (R,S)-3-(3-[6-[(4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)amino]indolin-1-yl]-3-oxopropanoylamino)-3-(quinolin-3-yl)propanoic acid (431) with an IC50 value of 0.42 nM. The synthesis and the structure-activity relationships of these malonamide derivatives are presented.
Development of a Composite Measure of Product Adherence, Protocol Compliance, and Semen Exposure Using DNA and Protein Biomarkers for Topical HIV Prevention Studies (2020)

BackgroundPoor and inconsistent use of study products has hindered clinical HIV prevention studies. It is important to be able to monitor product adherence and protocol compliance in order to determine microbicide efficacy and safety more accurately. Current methods for monitoring adherence are subjective, non-specific, or invasive. Herein, we present a composite, objective measure of product adherence and protocol compliance to assess vaginal insertion, semen exposure and drug expulsion utilizing DNA, protein, and drug isolated directly from returned, vaginally used gel applicators.MethodsDNA, vaginal cells, and residual tenofovir were isolated from vaginally inserted applicators. Vaginal and semen biomarkers were amplified using a multiplex PCR to determine vaginal insertion. Vaginal cells were fixed followed by cytokeratin 4 immunocytochemistry to confirm DNA assessment of vaginal insertion. Tenofovir was extracted and quantitated through LC-MS/MS.ResultsDNA isolated from vaginally inserted applicators were positive for vaginal bacteria DNA and the control eukaryotic gene, amelogenin, while manually handled, “sham”, applicators were negative for both. Semen exposure was independently determined by simultaneous amplification of one or both Y-chromosomal genes, SRY and TSPY4. Vaginal insertion determination by DNA analysis was further confirmed by positive cytokeratin 4 (CK4) immunocytochemistry of vaginal cells remaining on the gel applicators. On the contrary, sham applicators provided very few cells when swabbed, and they were all negative for CK4. CK4 was not found in epidermal cells from the hand. Drug expulsion was detected through quantitation of residual gel present on the surface of returned applicators. Sham applicators had no detectable tenofovir.ConclusionUtilizing a composite, triple marker based panel of DNA, protein, and drug present on the surface of returned vaginal gel applicators, it is possible to determine, objectively and non-invasively, product adherence, protocol compliance, and semen exposure in microbicide trials.
Learning About Work Tasks to Inform Intelligent Assistant Design (2019)

Intelligent assistants can serve many purposes, including entertainment (e.g. playing music), home automation, and task management (e.g. timers, reminders). The role of these assistants is evolving to also support people engaged in work tasks, in workplaces and beyond. To design truly useful intelligent assistants for work, it is important to better understand the work tasks that people are performing. Based on a survey of 401 respondents' daily tasks and activities in a work setting, we present a classification of work-related tasks, and analyze their key characteristics, including the frequency of their self-reported tasks, the environment in which they undertake the tasks, and which, if any, electronic devices are used. We also investigate the cyber, physical, and social aspects of tasks. Finally, we reflect on how intelligent assistants could influence and help people in a work environment to complete their tasks, and synthesize our findings to provide insight on the future of intelligent assistants in support of amplifying personal productivity.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED PREPARATION OF IMIDAZOLE‐4(5)‐METHANOL HYDROCHLORIDE (1983)

Abstract Die Ausbeute an lmiduzol‐methanol (III) bei der Herstellung aus Formumidin‐acetut (I) und Dihydroxyaceton (II) konnte von 42 ′/rvauf70 % verbessert wcrdcn.
Лечение реактивно-дистрофических заболеваний слюнных желез у людей пожилого и старческого возраста (2015)

It is carried out the retrospective analysis and an assessment of efficiency of treatment of 13 patients (1 men and 12 women) aged from 49 till 79 years which were on hospitalization concerning sialoses. From Mikulich's illness 5 women aged from 46 till 59 years suffered. Concerning Shegren's syndrome treatment there passed 8 people (1 man and 7 women) aged from 59 till 77 years. On the basis of kompleknsy treatment of 16 patients of advanced and senile age (1 man and 15 women) aged from 61 till 77 years suffering from sialoses, including Mikulich's illness of 5 women aged from 61 till 72 years and Shegren's syndrome of 11 people (1 man and 10 women) aged from 63 till 77 years, ways of an assessment of severity of the specified pathology and efficiency of its treatment at adults of different age groups are offered. Sovershenstvovana a technique of treatment of sialoses at people of the senior age groups with application of bioproofreaders of a delivery of «lesmin», «yodemam», «fitolon», linimentum of a tsikloferon, the peptide vezugen bioregulator. Importance of regular carrying out antirecurrent treatment-and-prophylactic actions in the course of dynamic observation over patients of advanced and senile age, a stradayushchimisialozama that leads to improvement of quality of their life is shown.
Long-term stable supercontinuum generation and watt-level transmission in liquid-core optical fibers (2019)

Due to their unique properties such as transparency, tunability, nonlinearity, and dispersion flexibility, liquid-core fibers represent an important approach for future coherent mid-infrared light sources. However, the damage thresholds of these fibers are largely unexplored. Here we report on the generation of soliton-based supercontinua in carbon disulfide (CS<sub>2</sub>) liquid-core fibers at average power levels as high as 0.5 W operating stably for a long term (>70 h) without any kind of degradation or damage. Additionally, we also show stable high-power pulse transmission through liquid-core fibers exceeding 1 W of output average power for both CS<sub>2</sub> and tetrachloroethylene as core materials.
HDAC9 is implicated in schizophrenia and expressed specifically in post-mitotic neurons but not in adult neural stem cells. (2012)

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder and caused by a combination of environmental, social and genetic factors. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) can translate epigenetic effects to the genome by modifying chromatin structure and gene expression. Inappropriate activity of HDACs is associated with cancer, cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and HDAC inhibitors are shown to improve the derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and to modulate cell lineage differentiation during brain development. We demonstrate that one of the HDAC genes, HDAC9, is hemizygously deleted in a small proportion of schizophrenia patients, and is widely expressed in mouse brain including areas where the neuropathology of schizophrenia is found. High levels of expression are observed in the hippocampus, layers II/III and V of the cerebral cortex, prefrontal and medial prefrontal cortex, piriform and cingulum cortex, basolateral amygdaloid nuclei and choroid plexus. HDAC9 protein is found in the cell body as well as in nerve fibers. Importantly, HDAC9 is not expressed in adult neural stem cells, glia, astrocytes, or oligodendrocytes, but expressed exclusively in post-mitotic and mature neurons. Our data suggest that HDAC9 may play a crucial role in neuronal function of adult brain.
Time-efficient learning theoretic algorithms for H.264 mode selection (2005)

The H.264 video coding standard derives much of its compression efficiency gain from the use of multiple different macroblock prediction modes for macroblock coding. In general, finding the prediction mode which gives optimal R-D performance for a given macroblock requires the encoder to completely encode the macroblock using all possible prediction modes. This results in a significant increase in encoder computational complexity. In this paper, we present a mode selection framework for H.264 which uses learning theoretic classification algorithms to discern between broad mode classes, based on the evaluation of a simple set of macroblock features. We show that the proposed mode selection framework significantly reduces encoder computational complexity, at the cost of only a small loss in compression performance.
Electrical Determination of Reciprocating Compressor Instantaneous Angular Speed (2010)

HVAC compressor units are major energy consumers in both residential and commercial buildings today. Faulty and energy wasting operation of these units often goes unnoticed due to the corrective action of feedback control. Power system monitoring is an exciting approach for creating inexpensive, highly capable methods to monitor compressor unit performance. In this paper we develop a method to estimate the instantaneous angular speed (IAS) of the shaft of a reciprocating compressor from the drive motor’s electric signals. Solving the dynamic model of the induction motor overcomes the difficulties that other speed estimation algorithms encounter when the mechanical dynamics are on the same time scale as the electrical dynamics. This procedure obtains useful diagnostic information internal to the compressor without the difficulty of mechanical sensor installation.
Early onset baldness and prostate cancer risk. (2000)

Prostatic carcinoma is the leading cancer among American men, yet few risk factors have been established. Although increased androgen levels have long been associated with both prostatic carcinoma and baldness, to date no studies have shown an association between hair patterning and prostate cancer risk. A lack of standardized instruments to assess baldness or the assessment of hair patterning during uninformative periods of time may have precluded the ability of previous studies to detect an association. We hypothesized that baldness, specifically vertex baldness, should be assessed using standardized instruments and during early adulthood if an association with prostate cancer risk is to be found. To test this hypothesis, we included identical items related to hair patterning in surveys that were administered in two distinct prostate cancer case-control studies (Duke-based study, n = 149; 78 cases; 71 controls and community-based study, n = 130; 56 cases; 74 controls). In each, participants were provided with an illustration of the Hamilton Scale of Baldness and asked to select the diagrams that best represented their hair patterning at age 30 and again at age 40. From these data, the following five categories were created and compared: not bald (referent group); vertex bald early onset (by age 30); vertex bald later onset (by age 40); frontal bald early onset (by age 30); frontal bald later onset (by age 40); and frontal (at age 30) to vertex bald (at age 40). Separate analyses of the two studies are consistent and suggest an association between vertex baldness and prostate cancer [vertex bald early onset odds ratios, 2.44 [confidence interval (CI), 0.57-10.46)] and 2.11 (CI, 0.66-6.73), respectively; vertex bald later onset odds ratios, 2.10 (CI, 0.63-7.00) and 1.37 (CI, 0.47-4.06), respectively]. Although statistical significance was not achieved in either one of these studies, the concordance between the data suggests a need for future studies to determine whether early onset vertex baldness serves as a novel biomarker for prostate cancer and whether androgen production, metabolism, or receptor status differs among these men when compared to those who exhibit other types of hair patterning.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Glycine Enolate Aldol Reactions: Synthesis of Cyclosporine′s Unusual Amino Acid, MeBmt. (1987)

Abstract The chiral glycine synthon (Ic) is accessible from the chloro derivative (Ia) via the azide (Ib).
Accurate detection and estimation of radio signals using a 2D novel smart antenna array (2013)

This paper investigates the problem of Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation using a 2D novel smart antenna array configuration that was recently presented by the authors in [1]. The proposed 2D novel configuration overcomes the drawback of uniform linear array (ULA) which cannot detect signals arriving at grazing incidence. The proposed 2D novel array configuration is able to resolve signals arriving from narrowband plane wave sources close to the array endfire. The proposed array configuration comprises of doubly crossed uniform linear arrays (ULAs) so that the size and computational load of the proposed array is identical to that of a 2N-element conventional ULA. MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) is used as a tool of radio signal detection and estimation. A comparative study between ULA and the proposed 2D novel array is carried out in terms of effect of SNR (signal to noise ratio), number of scatterers, and number of snapshots.
Low Overhead Instruction-Cache Modeling Using Instruction Reuse Profiles (2012)

Performance loss caused by L1 instruction cache misses varies between different architectures and cache sizes. For processors employing power-efficient in-order execution with small caches, performance can be significantly affected by instruction cache misses. The growing use of low-power multi-threaded CPUs (with shared L1 caches) in general purpose computing platforms requires new efficient techniques for analyzing application instruction cache usage. Such insight can be achieved using traditional simulation technologies modeling several cache sizes, but the overhead of simulators may be prohibitive for practical optimization usage. In this paper we present a statistical method to quickly model application instruction cache performance. Most importantly we propose a very low-overhead sampling mechanism to collect runtime data from the application's instruction stream. This data is fed to the statistical model which accurately estimates the instruction cache miss ratio for the sampled execution. Our sampling method is about 10x faster than previously suggested sampling approaches, with average runtime overhead as low as 25% over native execution. The architecturally-independent data collected is used to accurately model miss ratio for several cache sizes simultaneously, with average absolute error of 0.2%. Finally, we show how our tool can be used to identify program phases with large instruction cache footprint. Such phases can then be targeted to optimize for reduced code footprint.
New insights into charging in capacitive RF MEMS switches (2008)

This paper discusses dielectric charging in electrostatic RF-MEMS switches. We show that more than one charging mechanism can be present and impacts their lifetime. These different mechanisms can cancel, mitigate or enhance each other’s influence on the lifetime, depending on the materials used and on the test conditions. Contrarily to the common understanding of the dielectric charging, we show that charge trapping in the dielectric interposer is not always the dominant charging mechanism leading to the failure. We finally show that bipolar actuation is not a general remedy for charging in electrostatic RF MEMS switches.
Surface-induced dissociation of protein complexes on a cyclic ion mobility spectrometer (2021)

We describe the implementation of a simple three-electrode surface-induced dissociation (SID) cell on a cyclic ion mobility spectrometer (cIMS) and demonstrate the utility of multipass mobility separations for resolving multiple conformations of protein complexes generated during collision-induced and surface-induced unfolding (CIU & SIU) experiments. In addition to CIU and SIU, SID of protein complexes is readily accomplished within the native instrument software and with no additional external power supplies by entering a single SID collision energy, a simplification in user experience compared to prior implementations. A set of cyclic homomeric protein complexes and a heterohexamer with known CID and SID behavior were analyzed to investigate mass and mobility resolution improvements, the latter of which improved by 20-50% (median: 33%) compared to a linear travelling wave device. Multiple passes of intact complexes, or their SID fragments, increased the mobility resolution by an average of 15% per pass, with the racetrack effect being observed after ∼3 or 4 passes, depending on the drift time spread of the analytes. Even with modest improvements to apparent mobility resolving power, multipass experiments were particularly useful for separating conformations produced from CIU and SIU experiments. We illustrate several examples where either (1) multipass experiments revealed multiple overlapping conformations previously unobserved or obscured due to limited mobility resolution, or (2) CIU or SIU conformations that appeared 'native' in a single pass experiment were actually slightly compacted or expanded, with the change only being measurable through multipass experiments. The work conducted here, the first utilization of multipass cyclic ion mobility for CIU, SIU, and SID of protein assemblies and a demonstration of a wholly integrated SIU/SID workflow, paves the way for widespread adoption of SID technology for native mass spectrometry and also improves our understanding of gas-phase protein complex CIU and SIU conformationomes.
Gamma Oryzanol–Plant Sterol Supplementation: Metabolic, Endocrine, and Physiologic Effects (1991)

The use of gamma-oryzanol and phytosterols is gaining popularity among various athletic populations. These compounds are being consumed in the belief that they elicit anabolic effects ranging from increased testosterone production and release to stimulating human growth hormone release. However, published scientific studies suggest that these compounds are poorly absorbed. Furthermore, animal studies indicate that when these compounds are injected subcutaneously or intravenously, they induce antianabolic or catabolic activity. Normally, less than 5% of orally consumed phytosterols are absorbed from the intestinal tract, with the majority being excreted in the feces. Intravenous or subcutaneous injections of gamma-oryzanol in rats have been shown to suppress luteinizing hormone release, reduce growth hormone synthesis and release, and increase release of the catecholamines, dopamine and norepinephrine, in the brain. Although it hasn't been directly measured, this metabolic milieu, if accurate, may actually reduce testosterone production.
Service Programming with Segment Routing (2019)

This document defines data plane functionality required to implement
service segments and achieve service programming in SR-enabled MPLS
and IP networks, as described in the Segment Routing architecture.