gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperplasia of Smooth Muscle in Mild to Moderate Asthma without Changes in Cell Size or Gene Expression (2004)

Bronchial hyperresponsiveness in mild to moderate asthma may result from airway smooth muscle cell proliferation or acquisition of a hypercontractile phenotype. Because these cells have not been well characterized in mild to moderate asthma, we examined the morphometric and gene expression characteristics of smooth muscle cells in this subgroup of patients with asthma. Using bronchial biopsies from 14 subjects with mild to moderate asthma and 15 control subjects, we quantified smooth muscle cell morphology by stereology and the expression of a panel of genes related to a hypercontractile phenotype of airway smooth muscle, using laser microdissection and two-step real-time polymerase chain reaction. We found that airway smooth muscle cell size was similar in both groups, but cell number was nearly twofold higher in subjects with asthma (p = 0.03), and the amount of smooth muscle in the submucosa was increased 50-83% (p < 0.005). Gene expression profiling in smooth muscle cells showed no difference in the expression of genes encoding phenotypic markers in cells from healthy subjects and subjects with asthma (all p > 0.1). We conclude that airway smooth muscle proliferation is a pathologic characteristic of subjects with mild to moderate asthma. However, smooth muscle cells in mild to moderate asthma do not show hypertrophy or gene expression changes of a hypercontractile phenotype observed in vitro.
Functional changes in CSF volume estimated using measurement of water T2 relaxation (2009)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides hydraulic suspension for the brain. The general concept of bulk CSF production, circulation, and reabsorption is well established, but the mechanisms of momentary CSF volume variation corresponding to vasoreactive changes are far less understood. Nine individuals were studied in a 3T MR scanner with a protocol that included visual stimulation using a 10-Hz reversing checkerboard and administration of a 5% CO(2) mix in air. We acquired PRESS-localized spin-echoes (TR = 12 sec, TE = 26 ms to 1.5 sec) from an 8-mL voxel located in the visual cortex. Echo amplitudes were fitted to a two-compartmental model of relaxation to estimate the partial volume of CSF and the T(2) relaxation times of the tissues. CSF signal contributed 10.7 +/- 3% of the total, with T(2,csf) = 503.0 +/- 64.3 [ms], T(2,brain) = 61.0 +/- 2 [ms]. The relaxation time of tissue increased during physiological stimulation, while the fraction of signal contributed by CSF decreased significantly by 5-6% with visual stimulation (P < 0.03) and by 3% under CO(2) inhalation (P < 0.08). The CSF signal fraction is shown to represent well the volume changes under viable physiological scenarios. In conclusion, CSF plays a significant role in buffering the changes in cerebral blood volume, especially during rapid functional stimuli.
Parallel Hough transform on a hierarchical structure (1996)

We present in this paper four approaches to parallelizing the Hough transform on a hierarchical structure called hyper-pyramid. We show the flexibility of the structure to distribute the data and the computations according to the structure of the image and the space quantification of Hough space.
Supplementary Table S2 from Involvement of the TGF-β and β-Catenin Pathways in Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table S2 from Involvement of the TGF-β and β-Catenin Pathways in Pelvic Lymph Node Metastasis in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer
Fractional Photothermolysis for Involuted Infantile Hemangioma (2009)

An otherwise healthy 14-year-old white girl presented to our dermatologic laser clinic with a protruding tumor above the right nasolabial fold. The patient’s parents reported that the patient had a fast-growing red tumor during the first months after birth in the same area. The lesion at that time was diagnosed as infantile hemangioma by the pediatrician, and no further intervention was carried out. The skin lesion spontaneously resolved over the following years leaving the residual skin changes. The skin lesion had remained unchanged for the last 4 years without further improvement in appearance. Physical examination revealed a protruding subcutaneous tumor, abnormally lax overlying skin with several linear indentations, and a soft atrophic scarlike surface texture (Figure 1A and Figure 2A). Several telangiectasias were discernable within the skin lesion and in its immediate surrounding skin. The oral mucosa of the patient appeared to be free of any alterations. Findings of the general skin examination were unremarkable: no other similarly protruding skin lesions were found.
Supplementary Methods from Genomic Copy Number Dictates a Gene-Independent Cell Response to CRISPR/Cas9 Targeting (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Population analyses of mosaic X chromosome loss identify genetic drivers and widespread signatures of cellular selection (2023)

Mosaic loss of the X chromosome (mLOX) is the most commonly occurring clonal somatic alteration detected in the leukocytes of women, yet little is known about its genetic determinants or phenotypic consequences. To address this, we estimated mLOX in >900,000 women across eight biobanks, identifying 10% of women with detectable X loss in approximately 2% of their leukocytes. Out of 1,253 diseases examined, women with mLOX had an elevated risk of myeloid and lymphoid leukemias and pneumonia. Genetic analyses identified 49 common variants influencing mLOX, implicating genes with established roles in chromosomal missegregation, cancer predisposition, and autoimmune diseases. Complementary exome-sequence analyses identified rare missense variants in <i>FBXO10</i> which confer a two-fold increased risk of mLOX. A small fraction of these associations were shared with mosaic Y chromosome loss in men, suggesting different biological processes drive the formation and clonal expansion of sex chromosome missegregation events. Allelic shift analyses identified alleles on the X chromosome which are preferentially retained, demonstrating that variation at many loci across the X chromosome is under cellular selection. A novel polygenic score including 44 independent X chromosome allelic shift loci correctly inferred the retained X chromosomes in 80.7% of mLOX cases in the top decile. Collectively our results support a model where germline variants predispose women to acquiring mLOX, with the allelic content of the X chromosome possibly shaping the magnitude of subsequent clonal expansion.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Activation of the <i>NOTCH</i> Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 54K, Effect of gamma-secretase inhibitor on the NOTCH1 pathway genes and cell growth in HNSCC cells with NOTCH1 wildtype status. UPCI-SCC090 cells were growing on the media supplemented with 0.2 uM gamma-secretase inhibitor XXI (GSI-XXI) for up to 72 hours. The effect of GSI-XXI on the NOTCH1 targets HES1 and HEY1 is shown on the left for UPSI-SCC090 cell line.&lt;/p&gt;
Review of Methane Mitigation Technologies with Application to Rapid Release of Methane from the Arctic (2012)

Methane is the most important greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, with particular influence on near-term climate change. It poses increasing risk in the future from both direct anthropogenic sources and potential rapid release from the Arctic. A range of mitigation (emissions control) technologies have been developed for anthropogenic sources that can be developed for further application, including to Arctic sources. Significant gaps in understanding remain of the mechanisms, magnitude, and likelihood of rapid methane release from the Arctic. Methane may be released by several pathways, including lakes, wetlands, and oceans, and may be either uniform over large areas or concentrated in patches. Across Arctic sources, bubbles originating in the sediment are the most important mechanism for methane to reach the atmosphere. Most known technologies operate on confined gas streams of 0.1% methane or more, and may be applicable to limited Arctic sources where methane is concentrated in pockets. However, some mitigation strategies developed for rice paddies and agricultural soils are promising for Arctic wetlands and thawing permafrost. Other mitigation strategies specific to the Arctic have been proposed but have yet to be studied. Overall, we identify four avenues of research and development that can serve the dual purposes of addressing current methane sources and potential Arctic sources: (1) methane release detection and quantification, (2) mitigation units for small and remote methane streams, (3) mitigation methods for dilute (<1000 ppm) methane streams, and (4) understanding methanotroph and methanogen ecology.
Three Pauses and Three P Waves: What is the Mechanism? (2008)

Case Reports
Drawing polytopal graphs with polymake (2007)

This note wants to explain how to obtain meaningful pictures of (possibly high-dimensional) convex polytopes, triangulated manifolds, and other objects from the realm of geometric combinatorics such as tight spans of finite metric spaces and tropical polytopes. In all our cases we arrive at specific, geometrically motivated, graph drawing problems. The methods displayed are implemented in the software system polymake.
Evaluation of the Safety of a Novel Knee Load-Bypassing Device in a Sheep Model (2012)

This implant warrants further investigation as a means of reducing medial compartment loading and pain in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee.
Supplementary Figure S1 from MFF Regulation of Mitochondrial Cell Death Is a Therapeutic Target in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;MFF expression in cancer&lt;/p&gt;
Membrane-Assisted Dehydrogenation of Normal Butane (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMembrane-Assisted Dehydrogenation of Normal ButaneMary E. Rezac, William J. Koros, and Stephen J. MillerCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 3, 862–868Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00042a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00042a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views143Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Target Occupancy Study and Whole-Body Dosimetry with a MAGL PET Ligand 11C-PF-06809247 in non-human Primates (2021)

Abstract BackgroundMonoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) is a key serine hydrolase which terminates endocannabinoid signaling and regulates arachidonic acid driven inflammatory responses within the central nervous system (CNS). To develop [ 11 C]PF-06809247 into a clinically usable positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand, we assessed the brain target occupancy of a MAGL inhibitor using non-human primate (NHP). Additionally, we measured the whole-body distribution of [ 11 C]PF-06809247 in NHP and estimated human effective radiation doses.MethodsSeven cynomolgus monkeys were enrolled for brain PET measurements. Two PET measurements were performed in each NHP: one baseline and one pretreatment condition with intravenous administration of PF-06818883, a selective MAGL inhibitor, (total of seven doses between 0.01-1.27 mg/kg). Kinetic parameters K 1 , k 2 and k 3 were estimated by an irreversible two tissue compartment (2TC) model using metabolite corrected plasma radioactivity as the input function. K i by 2TC and Patlak analysis were calculated. The target occupancy was calculated using K i at baseline and pretreatment conditions. Two cynomolgus monkeys were enrolled for whole-body PET measurements. Estimates of the absorbed radiation dose in humans were calculated with OLINDA/EXM 1.1 using the adult male reference model.ResultsRadioactivity was decreased in all brain regions following pretreatment with PF-06818883. Occupancy was measured as 25.4%-100.5% in a dose dependent manner. Whole-body PET showed high uptake values in the liver, small intestine, kidney, and brain. The effective dose was calculated as 4.3 μSv/MBq.Conclusions[ 11 C]PF-06809247 is a promising PET ligand for further MAGL studies in human brain.
Yttria stabilized zirconia membrane stability in molten fluoride fluxes for low-carbon magnesium production by the SOM process (2013)

The Solid Oxide Membrane (SOM) process for magnesium production involves the direct electrolysis of magnesium oxide for energy efficient and low-carbon magnesium production. In the SOM process, magnesium oxide is dissolved in a molten oxy-fluoride flux. An oxygen-ion-conducting SOM tube, made from yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ), is submerged in the flux. The operating life of the electrolytic cell can be improved by understanding degradation processes in the YSZ, and one way the YSZ degrades is by yttria diffusion out of the YSZ. By adding small amounts of YF3 to the flux, yttria diffusion can be controlled. The diffusion of yttria into the flux was quantified by determining the yttria concentration profile as a function of immersion time in the flux and distance from the flux-YSZ interface. Yttria concentrations were determined using x-ray spectroscopy. The diffusion process was modeled using a numerical approach with an analytic solution to Fick?s second law. These modeling and experimental methods allowed for the determination of the optimum YF3 concentration in the flux to minimize yttria diffusion and improve membrane stability. Furthermore, the effects of common impurities in magnesium ores, such as calcium oxide, silica, and sodium oxide/sodium peroxide, on YSZ stability are being investigated.
Insights on a Hierarchical MFI Zeolite: A Combined Spectroscopic and Catalytic Approach for Exploring the Multilevel Porous System Down to the Active Sites (2021)

The hierarchization of zeolites to overcome the major drawbacks related to molecular diffusion limitation in micropores is a popular concept in heterogeneous catalysis. Despite the constant increase of new synthesis strategies to produce such hierarchical systems, the deep knowledge of their structural arrangement and how the zeolitic lattice is organized in a multilevel porous system is often missing. This information is essential to design a structure, tuning the porosity and the distribution of easily accessible active sites, and successively controlling the catalytic properties. In the present work, the synthesis of one of the most sophisticated forms of the hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite has been reproduced, obtaining two multilevel porous materials with different crystallinity degrees, with the final aim of investigating and clarifying the finest features of their active sites. For this purpose, an extended characterization step by means of a unique multitechnique approach has been performed, thus revealing the active site nature, abundance, and distribution. IR spectroscopy with different molecular probes and a targeted catalytic test based on the hydroconversion reaction of <i>n</i>-decane were the toolbox for disclosing how the MFI lattice takes part in the hierarchical structure and how it, working in synergy with the mesoporous system, confers to this material a totally new shape-size selectivity. Merging the information obtained for the synthesized hierarchical zeolite with the characterization results of two reference materials (a mesoporous aluminum-containing MCM-41 and a microporous commercial ZSM-5), it was possible to define an internal and external map of the pore network of this complex and unique molecular sieve, where strong Brønsted acidic sites are located at the mouth of the MFI micropores and, at the same time, exposed at the surface of the mesoporous channels. Hence, the possibility of easily releasing bulky products is ensured and the application possibilities of the MFI lattice are expanded beyond cracking reactions.
aB-Crystallin:ANovelRegulatorofBreastCancerMetastasis to the Brain (2013)

Purpose: Basal-like breast tumors are typically (ER/PR/HER2) triple-negative and are associated with a high incidence of brain metastases and poor clinical outcomes. The molecular chaperone aB-crystallin is predominantly expressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and contributes to an aggressive tumor phenotype in preclinical models. We investigated the potential role of aB-crystallin in brain metastasis in TNBCs. Experimental Design: aB-crystallin expression in primary breast carcinomas and brain metastases was analyzed byimmunohistochemistry among patients with breast cancerwith brain metastases. aB-crystallin was overexpressed or silenced in two different TNBC cell lines. The effects on cell adhesion to human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) or extracellular matrix proteins, transendothelial migration, and transmigration across a HBMEC/astrocyte coculture blood–brain barrier (BBB) model were examined. In addition,theeffectsofoverexpressingorsilencing aB-crystallinonbrainmetastasisinvivowereinvestigated using orthotopic TNBC models. Results: In a cohort of women with breast cancer brain metastasis, aB-crystallin expression in primary breast carcinomas was associated with poor overall survival and poor survival after brain metastasis, even among patients with TNBC. Stable overexpression of aB-crystallin in TNBC cells enhanced adhesion to HBMECs, transendothelial migration, and BBB transmigration in vitro, whereas silencing aB-crystallin inhibited these events. aB-crystallin promoted adhesion of TNBC cells to HBMECs, at least in part, through an a3b1integrin–dependentmechanism. aB-crystallinoverexpressionpromotedbrainmetastasis,whereas silencing aB-crystallin inhibited brain metastasis in orthotopic TNBC models. Conclusion: aB-crystallin is a novel regulator of brain metastasis in TNBC and represents a potential biomarker and drug target for this aggressive disease. Clin Cancer Res; 1–12. � 2013 AACR.
Bio-butanol as fuel for direct alcohol fuel cells - investigation of sn modified pt catalyst for butanol electro-oxidation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces (2017)

Figures
ChemInform Abstract: ACID‐CATALYZED, NUCLEOPHILE‐CATALYZED AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF 2‐AMINO‐3‐(2′,2′‐DIMETHYLAZIRIDINO)‐1,4‐NAPHTHOQUINONE (1980)

Abstract Aus dem Chlor‐naphthochinon‐derivat (I) erhält man mit 2,2‐Dimethyl‐aziridin (II) das Substitutionsprodukt (IIIa), das zu (IIIb) verseift wird.
CarFast (2012)

Test coverage is an important metric of software quality, since it indicates thoroughness of testing. In industry, test coverage is often measured as statement coverage. A fundamental problem of software testing is how to achieve higher statement coverage faster, and it is a difficult problem since it requires testers to cleverly find input data that can steer execution sooner toward sections of application code that contain more statements.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a 42-kDa protein phosphatase of Leishmania chagasi (1993)

Using rabbit serum raised against a potent T cell-stimulating antigen fraction of Leishmania chagasi promastigotes, we have cloned and expressed the Leishmania type 2C serine/threonine protein phosphatase, LcPP2C. LcPP2C was shown to be present as a 42-kDa protein in both the infective promastigote and tissue amastigote stages of L. chagasi and Leishmania amazonensis. DNA hybridization studies established the close conservation of LcPP2C among eight of eight geographically diverse species of Leishmania which cause a spectrum of human diseases. To support the relationship between LcPP2C and mammalian type 2C protein phosphatases observed through predicted amino acid sequence comparisons, we expressed enzymatically active rLcPP2C in Escherichia coli. We demonstrated that purified rLcPP2C readily dephosphorylated [32P]casein, an activity dependent on Mg2+ and insensitive to okadaic acid. In agreement with studies of rat liver PP2C, activity was maintained when Mg+2 was replaced with Mn+2 but not with Ca2+. As these parameters are characteristic of the eukaryotic type 2C serine/threonine protein phosphatases, LcPP2C can be classified as a member of this protein family. We further showed that of the four major classes of eukaryotic serine/threonine protein phosphatases, PP2C-and PP1-like activities, are readily detectable in Leishmania.
Problem of Acceptability of Internal Porosity in Semi-Finished Cast Product as New Trend "Tolerance of Damage" Present in Modern Design Office (2012)

Discontinuities in cast products, obtained from a liquid state of an alloy, are the result of phenomena occurring during multiphase system crystallization. On the one hand, compacted defects as a shrinkage pipe are relatively easy to eliminate. On the other hand, it is known that presence of fine shrinkage and gas porosity is unavoidable. Detectability of these dispersed discontinuities depends on type of inspection method applied. Structure, including intensity and location of porosity zones, is dependent on the type of the alloy, casting configuration and conception of technological solution, related with control of velocity of the heat extraction to the mould. Thus, mechanical properties in the volume of a casting are not homogenous and are strongly reduced only in the zones of porosity. However, in strength calculations of cast products, this obvious fact is not taken into consideration. The rule of material homogeneity is applied instead, along with drastic increase of factor of safety. The paper indicates benefits of precise determination of limits of porosity zones located in the casting, using the NTD methods (for example, Phased Array ultrasonic tomography). Coordinates of porosity zones in 3D, introduced into CAD geometry and assigned with different properties allow to estimate the actual state of stress and strain of real object using FEM methods (systems like Ansys, Comsol). Load justified by operating conditions and application of tolerance of damage rule, with simultaneous reference to the limited state of stress according to LOV (Loss of Volume) and LEFM (Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics) methods should find their place in design procedures of cast products, which will allow for better use of material and reduction of weight of the casting. This approach, named Tolerance of damage concerning the castings is the motto of this paper.
Selected topics in 3D Electrooptical Image Processing (2010)

We review three different methods of generating digital holograms of 3-D real-existing objects illuminated by incoherent light. In the first method, a scanning hologram is generated by a unique scanning system in which Fresnel zone plates are created by a homodyne rather than the common heterodyne interferometer. To calculate the second hologram, multiple-viewpoint projections of the 3-D scene are acquired, and a hologram of the 3-D scene is directly computed from these projections. The last hologram reviewed here is the Fresnel incoherent correlation hologram. In this motionless technique, light is reflected from the scene, propagates through a diffractive optical element, and is recorded by a digital camera.
Development of the field concept (Faraday, Maxwell) (2008)

SHS-ENS