gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Method for Multipath Detection and Mitigation in Railway Control Applications (2016)

GNSS is expected to revolutionize train control systems by providing an efficient alternative to determine the train position along the track. However, GNSS is particularly vulnerable in the rail environment because of the presence of multipath in stations and at many locations along the track. Therefore, particular attention must be placed in assessing and evaluating multipath errors introduced by GNSS when using GNSS to replace physical balises with virtual balises. In this paper we investigate a multipath detector based on the analysis of the double differences of pseudoranges provided by two GNSS receivers on board a train making use of two different antennas. This research, is developed within the RHINOS project co-funded by the GSA that is contributing to the roadmap for introducing GNSS into the European Train Management System (ERTMS). Index Terms— Railway applications, PVT estimation, Protection Level, Hazardous Misleading Information, ERTMS
Bacteriocins Reduce Campylobacter Colonization and Alter Gut Morphology in Turkey Poults , (2006)

Campylobacter is a leading cause of food-borne illness in the United States. Recent evidence has demonstrated that bacteriocins produced by Bacillus circulans and Paenibacillus polymyxa reduce cecal Campylobacter colonization in broiler chickens infected with Campylobacter jejuni. As Campylobacter coli is the most prevalent Campylobacter isolate recovered in turkeys, the objectives of the present study were to evaluate the efficacy of these bacteriocins against C. coli colonization and their influence on the gastrointestinal architecture of young turkeys. In 3 separate trials, a total of 135 day-of-hatch poults (n = 45/trial) were orally challenged on d 3 with approximately 10(6) cfu of a mixture of 3 C. coli isolates. Immediately before bacteriocin treatment (d 10), cecal Campylobacter concentrations averaged 1.1 x 10(7) cfu/ g of cecal contents (n = 15/trial). On d 10 to 12 posthatch, 2 bacteriocin treatment groups were given free access to feed supplemented with purified, microencapsulated bacteriocins, whereas the positive control treatment group had access to untreated feed (n = 10/treatment group per trial). At the end of the 3-d dosing period, ceca and duodenal loops were collected for analysis. In each of the 3 separate trials, treatment with bacteriocin eliminated detectable ceca Campylobacter concentrations (detection limit, 1 x 10(2) cfu/g of cecal contents) vs. controls (1.0 x 106 cfu of Campylobacter/g of cecal contents). Duodenum crypt depth and goblet cell numbers were also reduced in turkeys treated with either bacteriocin vs. controls (P < 0.05). The dynamic reduction in crypt depth and goblet cell density in turkeys dosed with bacteriocin may provide clues to how bacteriocins inhibit enteric Campylobacter.
The Genetics of Small-Vessel Disease (2012)

Cerebral small-vessel disease (SVD) is a well-known cause of stroke, dementia and death, but its pathogenesis is not yet completely understood. The spectrum of neuroradiological manifestations associated with SVD is wide and may result from chronic and diffuse or acute and focal ischemia (leukoaraiosis and lacunar infarction) as well as from small-vessel rupture (cerebral microbleeds and intracerebral hemorrhage). Several lines of evidence from family and twin studies support the hypothesis that genetic factors may contribute to SVD pathogenesis. Identification of genetic susceptibility factors for SVD may improve our knowledge of SVD pathogenesis and help to identify new therapeutic targets to reduce the burden of SVD-related cognitive decline and stroke disability. A number of monogenic conditions presenting with clinical features of SVD have been described. Although monogenic disorders account for only a small proportion of SVD, study of these diseases may provide further insight into the pathogenesis of SVD. In most cases, however, SVD is thought to be a multifactorial disorder. Several genetic association studies, conducted using the candidate gene and, more recently, the genome-wide approach, have so far failed to demonstrate a convincing association between SVD and genetic variants. Methodological issues, particularly related to inaccurate or heterogeneous phenotyping and insufficient sample sizes, have been invoked as possible reasons for this. Large collaborative efforts and robust replication, as well as implementation of new genetic approaches, are necessary to identify genetic susceptibility factors for complex SVD.
Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled phase II/III trial in adjuvant NSCLC patients with the candidate cancer vaccine IGN101 (2008)

3012 Background: IGN101 is a cancer vaccine acting via the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expressed on epithelial cancers. It consists of 0.5 mg alum-adsorbed murine Mab 17–1A that bears EpCAM epitopes to trigger an immune response by repeated s.c. injections. Vaccination may lower the incidence of relapse in adjuvant NSCLC without major side effects. Methods: Between 12/2001 and 04/2005 NSCLC patients (pts) were randomly assigned in 26 European centers to receive IGN101 (382 pts) or placebo (380 pts). Within 1–3 weeks after R0 resection in stage Ib-IIIa, treatment was applied subcutaneously on days 1, 15, 29, 71 and then every 3 months up to 3 years and every 6 months thereafter. No other pre- or postoperative therapy was permitted except postoperative radiotherapy in stage IIIaN2. Data lock was in 04/2007, 2 years after accrual of the last pt. Primary endpoint was relapse-free survival (RFS), secondary endpoints were tolerability, immunogenicity, overall survival and quality of life. As in a different placebo controlled trial with IGN101 and based on an exploratory analysis, pts with low lymphocyte and low neutrophil counts at entry had improved survival when treated with IGN101 (AACR 2007), for this NSCLC trial a prospectively defined subgroup analysis was performed for pts presenting with low neutrophil and low lymphocyte counts at entry. Results: Based on ITT, there was no difference in RFS (median IGN101 819 days, placebo 736 days; P=0.793). However, pts with lower neutrophil counts at entry (threshold 5x10E9/L) showed a trend to improved RFS when treated with IGN101 (median 1,096 vs 726 days; HR=0.735, P=0.196). For pts presenting both with lower neutrophil and lower lymphocyte counts at entry (thresholds 5x10E9/L and 1.6x10E9/L resp.) a significantly longer RFS was found (median IGN101 not reached, placebo 459 days; HR=0.482, P=0.034). Vaccinations were very well tolerated. Conclusions: NSCLC pts stage Ib, II and IIIa vaccinated with the cancer vaccine IGN101 following R0 resection have improved RFS when neutrophil and lymphocyte counts at baseline are below 5x10E9/L and 1.6x10E9/L resp. A further randomized trial with IGN101 using above predictive parameters as inclusion criteria is warranted to finally confirm these results. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Altropus Altropus Altropus Altropus
Challenges of and Insights into Acid-Catalyzed Transformations of Sugars (2014)

The selective transformation of hexose and pentose sugars to intermediate platform chemicals, such as furans, is an essential step in the conversion of cellulosic and hemicellulosic biomass to biofuels and biochemicals. Yet, many challenges in achieving commercially viable processes remain. In this feature article, we outline challenges that need to be overcome to enable these transformations. Then, we present the newly introduced acid-catalyzed isomerization of aldose sugars to ketose sugars via a class of solid Lewis acid catalysts (e.g., Sn-Beta, Ti-Beta). We elucidate mechanistic insights arising from subnanometer cooperativity and solvent effects that can be controlled to tune reaction pathways and selectivity and draw parallels between heterogeneous and homogeneous Lewis acid catalysts. Subsequently, we discuss fructose dehydration to 5-hydroxyl-methylfurfural (HMF) via homogeneous and heterogeneous Brønsted acid-catalyzed chemistry. We show how fundamental insights arising from the combination of kinetics, spectroscopy, and multiscale simulations rationalize the improved yield of HMF in water–organic cosolvents. The stability of heterogeneous Lewis acid catalysts under low pH enables tandem Brønsted and Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions in a single pot that overcomes equilibrium limitations and gives a high HMF yield starting from sugar raw materials. Additionally, we provide an overview of multicomponent adsorption of biomass derivatives from solution in microporous materials and discuss how structure–property relations can lead to superior micro- and micromesoporous carbon adsorbents for reactive adsorption toward high HMF yield. Finally, we provide an outlook for the field.
Quantitative Connections Between Resonance Raman And Electronic Emission Spectra (1989)

The purpose of this paper is to show the connections between resonance Raman and electronic emission and absorption spectra. The time-dependent theory of Heller is used throughout this paper because both the physical interpretation and the mathematical calculations emphasize the connections. First, the time-dependent theory of electronic spectroscopy is introduced. Next, the time-dependent theory of resonance Raman spectroscopy is discussed and the intensities of fundamentals are examined. The theory is then applied to the spectra of Rh2(O2CCH3)4(PPh3)2 and W(CO)5(Pyridine).
Multi-GPU/CPU deflated preconditioned conjugate gradient for bubbly flow solver (2014)

We present a Multi-GPU/CPU implementation of Deflated Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (DPCG) to solve a highly ill-conditioned linear system arising from the discretized Pressure-correction equation on GPUs and CPUs. We discuss the challenges and choices in such an implementation with respect to communication and data layout. We present results of our implementation for systems having up to 16 million unknowns. Across 8 GPUs (on distinct nodes connected via MPI) our code achieves atleast 2 times speedup compared to 32 cores (across 4 distinct nodes connected via MPI). Comparing with 64 CPU cores across 8 nodes the same GPU version proves to be comparable in terms of wall-clock time.
Generation and interaction of parabolic pulses in high gain fiber amplifiers and oscillators (2002)

Parabolic pulses are generated from ultrashort pulse amplification in a high gain normal dispersion fiber amplifier. The pulses are robust against interactions and collisions and can be conveniently generated in a fiber laser configuration.
Reduction of phase noise by mid-link spectral inversion in a DPSK based transmission system (2005)

We show, in an 800 km SSMF (standard single mode fiber) transmission experiment, that mid-link spectral inversion can be employed to reduce the effect of phase noise (Gordon-Mollenauer noise) on DPSK (differential phase-shift-keying) by over two decades in BER.
AI accelerator on IBM Telum processor (2022)

IBM Telum is the next generation processor chip for IBM Z and LinuxONE systems. The Telum design is focused on enterprise class workloads and it achieves over 40% per socket performance growth compared to IBM z15. The IBM Telum is the first server-class chip with a dedicated on-chip AI accelerator that enables clients to gain real time insights from their data as it is getting processed.
ChemInform Abstract: Further Improvement on Sulfonamide‐Based Ligand for Catalytic Asymmetric 2‐Haloallylation and Allylation. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Blood Flow Distribution in Sorbent Beds: Analysis of a new Sorbent Device for Hemoperfusion (2000)

A new polymer-based sorbent cartridge has been recently developed for enhancing middle molecule removal during hemodialysis. The cartridge (Betasorb, Renaltech, New York, USA) has been designed to be placed in series with the dialyzer in the blood circuit. It is therefore important to evaluate the distribution of flow into the blood compartment of the device in order to assess if the surface of the sorbent is utilized to the best. For this purpose, a special imaging technique was utilized. Cartridges were analyzed during a simulated in vitro circulation at 250 and 350 ml/min of blood flow and 25% and 40% hematocrit. Cartridges were placed in vertical position and a cross longitudinal section 1 cm thick was analyzed in sequence by a helical scanner. Dye was injected into the arterial inlet and the progressive distribution was evaluated by sequential densitometrical measures carried out automatically by the machine. The sequential images analyzed by the scanner demonstrated excellent distribution of the flow in the blood compartment with minimal difference between the central and the peripheral regions of the compartment. In particular the following flow velocity pattern could be observed under the different experimental conditions tested. We may conclude that the cartridge design is adequate and no channelling effects could be detected in the blood compartment. The flow distribution is slightly affected by changes in flow rate and hematocrit showing an optimal utilization of the available surface for molecule adsorption.
Privacy-preserving distance computation for IrisCodes (2017)

In this chapter, we describe how to perform a secure and efficient IrisCode-based identification. In this use case, the first party has an IrisCode, the second party has one or several IrisCodes and they would like to discover whether the first party&apos;s IrisCode is close to at least one IrisCode belonging to the second party without revealing any information about their own IrisCodes to the opposing party. Secure Two-Party Computation (S2PC) protocols are dedicated to this use case because they enable two parties to jointly evaluate a function over their inputs while preserving the privacy of their inputs. In this chapter, we explain how to efficiently use S2PC protocols for secure iris-based identification.
Medical Devices and Pharmaceuticals: Differences in Public Acceptance (2006)

In the past 15 years, rapid technologic advances have introduced medical devices for clinical use that have transformed the care of patients with chronic diseases, especially heart disease. These devices have become truly lifesaving, and their effectiveness has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials and cost-effectiveness studies. At the same time, a remarkable number of pharmaceutical agents with new actions and capabilities have also been introduced into clinical use. These new compounds have altered the practice of oncology and the care of patients with hematologic malignancies, sometimes with significant improvement in survival. There have been other drugs introduced to manage chronic diseases that alter quality of life but do not usually threaten survival. Recent problems related to the COX-2 anti-inflammatory drugs and ongoing controversies associated with them have raised public awareness; however, there is even more concern about device failures and recalls that have occurred during the same time frame. There is limited information as to why there is such an apparent difference in public opinion toward adverse drug events compared with device problems that lead to advisories or recalls. Among possible reasons are that an implantable device that requires a catheter-based surgical procedure, with its need for hospitalization and detailed explanation about all the potential risks, may be emotionally and intellectually processed differently by a patient/family compared with having a change in prescription from one drug to another.
Letter to the Glyco-Forum (1991)

Journal Article Letter to the Glyco-Forum: Glycoforms and biological activity: where's the rub? Get access Gary S. Jacob Gary S. Jacob Science Fellow and Head, Glycosciences, Monsanto Company800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St Louis, MO 63167, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Glycobiology, Volume 1, Issue 6, December 1991, Page 543, https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/1.6.543 Published: 01 December 1991
UPTAKE AND CLEARANCE OF 5-FLUOROURIDINE FOLLOWING SUBCONJUNCTIVAL AND INTRAVITREAL INJECTION (1988)

Described are some pharmacokinetic parameters for 5-fluorouridine, a potentially useful intermediate metabolite of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), following subconjunctival and intravitreal injection in the pigmented rabbit. Immediately following a 500 microgram intravitreal injection of 3H-5-fluorouridine, a peak ipsilateral vitreous concentration of 308 micrograms/ml was measured. This decreased to 199 micrograms/ml at 2 hours, 33 micrograms/ml at 12 hours and 4.4 micrograms/ml at 24 hours, indicating that 5-fluorouridine is cleared from the vitreous at a rate similar to 5-fluorouracil. Aqueous concentrations in the ipsilateral eye reached a maximum at 6 hours (9.6 micrograms/ml) and decreased to 0.8 micrograms/ml at 24 hours. Following subconjunctival injection of 5 mg 3H-5-fluorouridine (0.5 ml), peak ipsilateral anterior chamber concentration of 10.7 micrograms/ml was measured 1 hour after injection and decreased to 2.4 micrograms/ml after 12 hours. Maximum vitreal concentrations of 1.7 micrograms/ml were measured 12 hours after injection.
Light-driven molecular switches with tetrahedral and axial chirality (2009)

Two light-driven molecular switches with tetrahedral and axial chirality were synthesized, which can induce a helical superstructure in an achiral liquid crystal host and dynamically phototune it to achieve reversible reflection color.
Figure S1 from A Potent, Metabolically Stable Tubulin Inhibitor Targets the Colchicine Binding Site and Overcomes Taxane Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;NCI-60 screening data for DJ101&lt;/p&gt;
Percutaneous closure of multiple defects of the atrial septum: Procedural results and long‐term follow‐up (2010)

Percutaneous closure of multiple ASDs is feasible and associated with a good outcome. A thorough identification and analysis of morphological aspects are mandatory in order to select the appropriate device and the optimal strategy.
Ink-saving strategy based on document content characterization and halftone textures (2011)

Common ink-saving techniques usually restrict the ink consumption when printing a document by replacing a percentage of cyan, magenta, and yellow, by black ink. Even though such methods achieve a considerable reduction in the amount of ink used in a page, the visual quality of the print is affected and unpleasing effects in pastels and skin tones are observed. On the other hand, the quality of the print is not only affected by the ink-saving algorithm, but also by the way the color halftoning algorithm arranges the dots in the print. Therefore, the relationship between the contents of the document to be printed and the printing process needs to be addressed by the ink-saving strategy. A color direct binary search halftoning method that strives to minimize both the ink usage and the perceived error between the continuous-tone color image and the color halftone image is proposed. Our goals are to estimate the effects of the ink-saving module of a printing workflow in individual regions of the document, and to determine the dot arrangement and ink combination that consumes the least amount of ink while preserving printing quality.
Figure S4 from Kindlin-2 Regulates the Growth of Breast Cancer Tumors by Activating CSF-1–Mediated Macrophage Infiltration (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This figure contains tumor measurement and macrophage staining and quantification of macrophage infiltration of control 4T1 and K2-defficient-4T1-derived tumors of roughly similar sizes. This Figure is supplied in support of Figure 3I.&lt;/p&gt;
Optical nonlinear response of a single nonlinear dielectric layer sandwiched between two linear dielectric structures (1997)

We consider the general problem of electromagnetic wave propagation through a one-dimensional system consisting of a nonlinear medium sandwiched between two linear structures. Special emphasis is given to systems where the latter comprise Bragg reflectors. We obtain an exact expression for the nonlinear response of such dielectric superlattices when the nonlinear impurity is very thin, or in the $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function limit. We find that both the switching-up and switching-down intensities of the bistable response can be made very low, when the frequency of the incident wave matches that of the impurity mode of the structure. Numerical results for a nonlinear layer of finite width display qualitatively similar behavior, thus confirming the usefulness of the simpler $\ensuremath{\delta}$-function model. In addition, an analytical solution for the resonance states of an infinitely extended finite-width superlattice with a finite-width nonlinear impurity is presented.
Peresters XIII. Solvent effects in the decomposition of t‐butylperoxy α‐phenylisobutyrate with special reference to the cage effect (1969)

Abstract t ‐Butylperoxy α‐phenylisobutyrate ( I ) decomposes thermally by concerted formation of carbon dioxide, t ‐butoxy, and cumyl radicals. Radical pair return in the solvent cage therefore does not affect the observed rate of decomposition, but is readily determined by means of galvinoxyl and other scavengers. In a series of 15 solvents the rate constant varies over a 2.8 fold range, being fastest in aromatic solvents. In the same solvent series the relative rates of diffusion and combination of radicals, measured by the cage effect, change by tenfold and are largely determined by the viscosity of the solvent. In all solvents of η &gt; 8 mP, the reciprocal of the cage effect is a linear function of ( T 1/2 /η), as recently observed for trifluoromethyl and methyl radicals [16]. This property of the cage effect provides a test by which it can be distinguished from other processes that reduce the efficiency of free‐radical production from an initiator.
Oxidized Silicon-On-Insulator (OxSOI) from bulk silicon: a new photonic platform (2010)

We demonstrate a bulk silicon alternative to the conventional silicon-on-insulator photonics platform, using common CMOS process-based Si(3)N(4) masking and oxidation techniques. We show waveguide losses as low as 2.92 dB/cm with a technique that can be implemented on the front-end of a typical CMOS fabrication line.