gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Output Regulation for the Rejection of a Periodic Disturbance With an Unknown Frequency (2010)

This brief presents an adaptive output regulator, an add-on type output regulator with a frequency adaptation algorithm. The frequency adaptation algorithm, based on an internal model principle, is used to identify the frequency of a sinusoidal disturbance. By adding the modified adaptive algorithm to the add-on output regulator, the adaptive output regulator can reject a biased sinusoidal disturbance with unknown bias, magnitude, phase, and frequency, while preserving the merits of the output regulator and the performance of the pre-existing controller. It is shown that the proposed method is stable for frequencies within a connected compact set. The stability of the closed-loop system is analyzed by the singular perturbation method and averaging theorem. The proposed controller is applied to an optical disk drive for verifying the performance of the controller. The performance of the proposed method is validated by both simulation and experimental results.
Combustion gas corrosion resistance of heat-exchange materials and refractories for glass furnaces at high temperatures; Part II: Oxides and composites (1994)

This article continues the description of the stability of glass furnace refractories and heat exchange materials in combustion environments. Part one of this study was presented last month. The results of testing of composites and oxides are presented here. In this study, Al[sub 2]TiO[sub 5]-Al[sub 6]Si[sub 2]O[sub 13] composites were selected as a candidate material based on its thermal shock resistance. Chromic oxide was also selected because of its high corrosion resistance.
PKR Is Not Required for Interferon- γ Inhibition of VSV Replication in Neurons (2003)

In this report, the contribution of PKR to the IFN-gamma mediated inhibition of VSV replication in neurons was examined. IFN-gamma treatment of NB41A3 murine neuroblastoma cells resulted in the reduced expression of VSV protein during infection. PKR was found to be modestly upregulated in NB41A3 cells following IFN-gamma treatment. The phosphorylation state of PKR and its downstream target, eIF2alpha, were unaffected by either IFN-gamma or VSV infection. Inhibition of PKR through the use of 2-aminopurine or the expression of the Influenza A NS1 gene had no effect on the ability of IFN-gamma to inhibit the replication of VSV in vitro. These data indicate that endogenously expressed PKR is not required for the IFN-gamma mediated inhibition of VSV replication in NB41A3 neuroblastoma cells.
Mechanisms for efficient, protected messaging (1999)

Fine-grain parallelism is the key to high performance muticomputing. By partitioning problems into small sub-tasks -- grain-sizes as small as 70 cycles have been found in common benchmark programs -- fine-grain parallelization accelerates existing applications beyond current limits, and promises efficient exploitation of multicomputers consisting of thousands of processors. However, contemporary multiprocessor architectures are not equipped to exploit parallelism at this level, due to high communication and synchronization costs that must be amortized over a large grain size. Operating system-managed message interfaces account for most of the high inefficiency in traditional systems. Conversely, in contemporary user-level network interfaces, fast hardware is defeated by software layers that are needed to provide safeguards against starvation and protection violation. This thesis addresses both the efficiency and robustness issues in the message interface. I propose a design which featu...
Search for a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in a triangular Ising antiferromagnet with further-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions (1995)

We investigate an antiferromagnetic triangular Ising model with anisotropic ferromagnetic interactions between further neighbors, originally proposed by Kitatani and Oguchi [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 57, 1344 (1988)]. The phase diagram as a function of temperature and the ratio between first- and second-neighbor interaction strengths is thoroughly examined. We search for a Kosterlitz-Thouless transition to a state with algebraic decay of correlations, calculating the correlation lengths on strips of width up to 15 sites by transfer-matrix methods. Phenomenological renormalization, conformal invariance arguments, the Roomany-Wyld approximation, and a direct analysis of the scaled mass gaps are used. Our results provide limited evidence that a Kosterlitz-Thouless phase is present. Alternative scenarios are discussed.
Lateral and Chemical Force Microscopy Mapping Surface Friction and Adhesion (1995)

Abstract Lateral Force Microscopy (LFU) is a scanning probe microscopy (SPM) technique that identifies and maps relative differences in surface frictional characteristics. It is one of several techniques developed as extensions to the basic topographical mapping capabilities of SPM. LFM is particularly useful for differentiating among materials on surfaces. Applications include identifying transitions between different components in polymer blends, composites and other mixtures, identifying organic and other contaminants on surfaces, delineating coverage by coatings and other surface layers, and chemical force microscopy using functionalized tips.
Bird Part Localization Using Exemplar-Based Models with Enforced Pose and Subcategory Consistency (2013)

In this paper, we propose a novel approach for bird part localization, targeting fine-grained categories with wide variations in appearance due to different poses (including aspect and orientation) and subcategories. As it is challenging to represent such variations across a large set of diverse samples with tractable parametric models, we turn to individual exemplars. Specifically, we extend the exemplar-based models in [4] by enforcing pose and subcategory consistency at the parts. During training, we build pose-specific detectors scoring part poses across subcategories, and subcategory-specific detectors scoring part appearance across poses. At the testing stage, likely exemplars are matched to the image, suggesting part locations whose pose and subcategory consistency are well-supported by the image cues. From these hypotheses, part configuration can be predicted with very high accuracy. Experimental results demonstrate significant performance gains from our method on an extensive dataset: CUB-200-2011 [30], for both localization and classification tasks.
Bio-based adhesive mixtures of pine tannin and different types of lignins (2020)

Tannins and lignins, which are natural phenolic compounds, are gaining substantial interest in biobased wood adhesive research. In this study, several different biobased tannin-lignin-hexamine adhesive mixtures were prepared and compared in a lap-joint shear strength test. In the first part, the suitability of different types of kraft and organosolv lignins as part of the mixture used in the production of biobased adhesives (in combination with pine tannins) were observed. It was found that biobased adhesive mixtures containing kraft lignins performed significantly better than those that contained organosolv lignins. In the second part, unmodified kraft lignins were mixed with pine tannin in different proportions, ranging from 0% to 100%. The pressing parameters were set to 150 °C for 15 min after performing oscillatory tests with a rheometer. Pure tannin adhesives performed the best, but no significant differences or a trend line were observed among adhesives containing different proportions of tannins and lignins.
Dynamic Noise Adaptation (2006)

We consider the problem of robust speech recognition in the car environment. We present a new dynamic noise adaptation algorithm, called DNA, for the robust front-end compensation of evolving semi-stationary noise as typically encountered in the car setting. A large dataset of in-car noise was collected for the evaluation of the new algorithm. This dataset was combined with the Aurora II framework to produce a new, publicly available framework, called DNA + AURORA II, for the evaluation of adaptive noise compensation algorithms. We show that DNA consistently outperforms several existing, related state-of-the-art front-end denoising techniques
Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight (2021)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions.
Resist Characteristics of Acryl Polymer with Methyl Acetal Protecting Group for 193nm Lithography (2005)

We have prepared three different methyl acetal acryl polymers (2-admantyloxy methyl: AdOM, 1-methyladamantyloxy methyl: MAdOM and 4-oxo-2-admantyloxy methyl: OAdOM) to evaluate polymer properties compared with 2-methyl-2-admantyl (MAd). It was found from the thermal analysis, that the Tg of methyl acetal polymers are lower than that of MAd and Td of methyl acetal polymers are higher than that of MAd. We have found that the acid catalyzed deprotection reactivity of methyl acetal polymers (AdOM and MAdOM) resists are higher than that of MAd resist and the dissolution of methyl acetal polymers film were accelerated with 30 % more deprotection using FT-IR study. In addition, the AdOM resist displayed a good PEB sensitivity of 120 nm 1:1 dense line pattern with values of 3.43 nm/ °C, when the MAd resist displayed 4.29 nm/ °C.
In‐vivo animal model histological analysis of TiMg composite material for dental implants (2019)

Background One of the main issues concerning dental implant materials arises from their Young's modulus being considerably higher than that of bone, which can generate stress-shielding effect and periimplant bone atrophy during loading. By use of advanced powder metallurgy novel titanium-magnesium (Ti12Mg) composite has been designed and consolidated. Results of ISO-standard based tests for dental implants demonstrated superior mechanical properties, in-vitro tests showed adequate biocorrosion. Aim/Hypothesis The aim of the study was to produce common dimension implants and assess the in-vivo osseointegration potentials of Ti12Mg composite metal on animal model. Material and Methods Study design was presented to ethical committees of both UNIZG School of Dental Medicine and UNISA Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, and the approvals acquired. Consolidated Ti12Mg implant material was roll-pressed into a 3,5 mm diameter bar and machined into 12 implants of 11 mm length. Implant neck geometry was modeled to allow for screw-motion placement. Four sheep of various ages were chosen from natural pasture farm with HACCP certificate and kept 30 days in controlled conditions with identical pasture prior to surgery. At the day of surgery three implants were epicrestally placed using regular implant surgical protocol in right tibia of each sheep 2 cm apart. After 4, 8 and 12 weeks from each sheep one implant and the surrounding bone were removed by a 7 mm diameter trephine bur, the samples prepared and histologically analyzed. All surgeries were performed in general anesthesia. After completion of the investigation sheep were healthy and in normal function. Results Both micro-CT and histological analyses demonstrated formation of bone at the bone to implant contact. Time-related bone maturation was typical for dental implants. However, BIC at 12 weeks was more mature at Ti12Mg implants in comparison to the commercially available implant. Histomorphometric analysis showed average BIC values within the bone marrow at 4 weeks 52%, at 8 weeks 81% and at 12 weeks 96%. BIC values within the cortical bone were 59% at 4 weeks, 89% at 8 weeks and 98% at 12 weeks. No signs of gaseous enclosures were determined in the surrounding bone. Conclusion and Clinical Implications Proposed Ti12Mg composite, with Mg phase acting as beneficiary modulator for generating an osseoconductive surface via spontaneous dilution in body environment as well as bone formation stimulant, suggests this material answers crucial demands for dental implants. Information concerning similar studies is scarce, and implant material where porous bioactive bimetallic composite is obtained with similar properties, has not so far been proposed.
Impact of amplitude calibration errors on SMOS global images (2016)

Some of the artifacts observed in SMOS brightness temperature images are originated in an inconsistency between correlation and antenna temperature calibration errors, which produces a multiplicative bias that scales with the scene mean antenna temperature. Its most important effect, although not the only one, is a land-to-sea contamination near coastal areas, which cannot be easily mitigated by post-processing correction techniques. A simplified end-to-end simulator allows introducing separate errors in both antenna temperature and correlation, thus providing an important insight on this problem and helping understanding its origin. Results from simulations compare very well with actual results from measured data.
Minimax Detection (MAD) for Computer Security: A Dynamic Program Characterization (2021)

In this chapter, we propose and analyze a cohesive minimax detection (MAD) mechanism for modern computing systems, e.g., a computer or a network of computers. MAD monitors system-level activities across the entire system in order to assess them together. It evaluates system-level activities at two orthogonal directions, in terms of their likeliness (similar to anomaly detection) and riskiness (similar to signature-based detection). It also provides analytical guarantees for minimax performance, i.e., minimizes the system's detection cost that is maximized by an adversary, called MAX, seeking to intervene into the system. To this end, we model the interaction between MAD and MAX by a zero-sum game. A major challenge, however, is the comprehensive assessment of activities across the entire system, which corresponds to a game at an enormous size. To address this challenge, we model MAD as evaluating the system's activities within a hierarchical tree. This enables us to decompose the game into a nested structure and therefore we can compute minimax detection strategies via a dynamic program similar to backward induction in extensive form games.
Protective Actions of Oral Administration of Bifidobacterium longum CBi0703 in Spontaneous Osteoarthritis in Dunkin Hartley Guinea Pig Model (2019)

Lyophilized inactivated culture of <i>B. longum</i> CBi0703 administrated orally over a period of 12 weeks decreased cartilage structure lesions and decreased type II collagen degradation suggesting a potential prophylactic effect on OA development.
WETSEMtm - A New Technology for High Resolution Imaging of Fully Hydrated Biological Samples (2005)

The QX-capsule serves as a miniature cell culture dish, which allows similar handling and experimental manipulations as being done with regular cell cultures. These include light/fluorescence microscope use, centrifugation, transfection, differentiation, immunolabeling and staining.
ChemInform Abstract: Anion Exchange in Lithium Aluminate Hydroxides. (1989)

Abstract The vibrational spectra of the (Al 2 Li(OH) 6 )+ framework exhibit characteristic bands due to AlO 6 and OH groups and indicate a D3 site symmetry of the AlO 6 units.
Asymptotically decoupled angle-frequency estimation with sensor arrays (2003)

This paper investigates the problem of jointly estimating the directions of arrival (DOA) and Doppler frequencies of multiple targets with a pulsed Doppler radar employing an array antenna. This is an application of 2-D frequency estimation. It is shown how the original 2-D estimation problem can be reduced into two 1-D problems. The asymptotic 2-D Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) is derived and compared to the 1-D CRB. It is shown that the DOA bounds are equal for large number of antenna elements. A 1-D/1-D estimator is then presented that achieves the 2-D CRB when the number of temporal snapshots is large. This decoupling of the 2-D problem into sequential 1-D problems leads to a substantial reduction in computational cost without loss of estimation accuracy.
A STATISTICAL COMBINED CLASSIFIER AND ITS APPLICATION TO REGION AND IMAGE CLASSIFICATION (2005)

archiving, zoning analysis, image classification, classifier, binary classification, normal, combined classifiers A new method for combining classifiers is introduced for two problem types. (1) Archiving and re-purposing are automated using zoning analysis that performs segmentation (region boundary definition), classification (region typing) and bit-depth determination. For performance throughput reasons, zoning analysis is often performed on a low-resolution (e.g. 50-100 ppi) representation of the document. At these resolutions, heuristic metrics for classification are required. Reported here are metrics for distinguishing photos and color drawings, and a novel classification technique based solely on the statistics of each heuristic metric. The statistical technique allows ready combination of multiple binary classifiers, and provides a lower classification error than
Allocating Fibers in Cable Manufacturing (1999)

We study the problem of allocating stocked fibers to made-to-order cables with the goals of satisfying due dates and reducing the costs of scrap, setup, and fiber circulation. These goals are achieved by generating remnant fibers either long enough to satisfy future orders or short enough to scrap with little waste. They are also achieved by manufacturing concatenations, in which multiple cable orders are satisfied by the production of a single cable that is afterwards cut into the constituent cables ordered. We use a function that values fibers according to length, and which can be viewed as an approximation to the optimal value function of an underlying dynamic programming problem. The daily policy that arises under this approximation is an integer program with a simple linear objective function that uses changes in fiber value to take into account the multi-period consequences of decisions. We describe our successful implementation of this integer program in the factory, summarizing our computational experience as well as realized operational improvements.
Isotropic etching of silicon in fluorine gas for MEMS micromachining (2007)

Etching of silicon with molecular fluorine for the micromachining of micro electro mechanical systems (MEMS) has been evaluated. The etching process is carried out in a continuous flow etching system that uses a 25 vol% mixture of F2 in N2 and operates at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Fluorine etches silicon isotropically at a rate of 0.2 µm min−1 and is a viable etchant for bulk silicon micromachining. The F2 etch results in the formation of pits about 10–50 µm in size within the silicon features and roughness in the micrometer and sub-micrometer length scales. SiO2, Pt, Ni, Al and Ta do not etch or roughen after several hours of F2 exposure. In addition, F2 does not etch low-stress silicon nitride; a solid layer forms on the silicon nitride surface upon exposure to F2 that protects the underlying silicon nitride from further attack. In contrast, a commercial XeF2 etching system etches low-stress silicon nitride with a silicon nitride:silicon selectivity of approximately 1:200. The F2 etching system is used to release tubes of a MEMS fuel processor that have 2 µm thick low-stress silicon nitride walls.
Occupational Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Rapidly Developing, High-risk Population of Mauritius (1998)

This study examined the relation between occupation and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 2,795 individuals between ages 35 and 54 years from the rapidly developing island nation of Mauritius. Participants attended a 1992 population-based survey of noncommunicable disease (89.1 % response rate). Occupational status, physical activity in the previous year, cigarette smoking, and alcohol consumption were assessed by questionnaire. Anthropometric and metabolic measures included body mass index (kg/m2),waist-to-hip ratio, fasting serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL cholesterol), triglycerides, 2-hour postload plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations, and blood pressure. In comparison with professional/skilled workers, age-adjusted means of insulin and glucose, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly (p < 0.05) lower, and the age-adjusted mean for high density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly higher for unskilled men. In women, risk factors other than LDL cholesterol varied significantly (p < 0.05) across occupational categories, with homemakers tending to have the least favorable profile. Unskilled workers reported significantly more physical activity (p < 0.01), alcohol consumption, and cigarette smoking (men only) (p < 0.05) than did the other groups. Adjustment for multiple covariates revealed an independent association between occupational status and most CVD risk factors, with physical activity attenuating this association. These results elucidate mediating behaviors of CVD risk across occupational categories that could be applied to intervention strategies in Mauritius.
Carbon Nanotube Facilitation of Myocardial Ablation with Radiofrequency Energy (2014)

Myocardial tissue treated with CNTs resulted in significantly larger lesions at both low and high power settings. The electrical and thermal conductivity of heat generated by application of RF in myocardial tissue was altered by the presence of CNTs. Further research is needed to assess the in vivo applicability for this concept of facilitated ablation with CNTs.
Detection of Legionella Species in Respiratory Specimens Using PCR with Sequencing Confirmation (2000)

Legionella spp. are a common cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections and an occasional cause of nosocomial pneumonia. A PCR method for the detection of legionellae in respiratory samples was evaluated and was compared to culture. The procedure can be performed in 6 to 8 h with a commercially available DNA extraction kit (Qiagen, Valencia, Calif.) and by PCR with gel detection. PCR is performed with primers previously determined to amplify a 386-bp product within the 16S rRNA gene of Legionella pneumophila. We can specifically detect the clinically significant Legionella species including L. pneumophila, L. micdadei, L. longbeachae, L. bozemanii, L. feeleii, and L. dumoffii. The assay detects 10 fg (approximately two organisms) of legionella DNA in each PCR. Of 212 clinical specimens examined by culture, 100% of the culture-positive samples (31 of 31) were positive by this assay. By gel detection of amplification products, 12 of 181 culture-negative samples were positive for Legionella species by PCR, resulting in 93% specificity. Four of the 12 samples with discrepant results (culture negative, PCR positive) were confirmed to be positive for Legionella species by sequencing of the amplicons. The legionella-specific PCR assay that is described demonstrates high sensitivity and high specificity for routine detection of legionellae in respiratory samples.