gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Transmitted Reference Pulse Cluster System for UWB Communications (2008)

To meet the implementation constraint posed by ultra- wideband (UWB) delay lines, a new transmitted reference pulse cluster (TRPC) structure is proposed where a group of reference and data pulses with short uniform spacing is used for transmission. This structure enables a simple, robust, and practical autocorrelation detector to be implemented in the receiver. It overcomes the major hurdle to the practical implementation of conventional transmitted reference (TR) systems, i.e., the long-wideband-delay-line requirement. TRPC is also compatible with the signal format proposed within the IEEE 802.15.4a Working Group for coherent and noncoherent systems. The performance of the proposed TRPC receiver and noncoherent pulse-position modulation (NC-PPM) with energy detection are analyzed and compared. Simulation results show that TRPC outperforms the conventional TR, NC-PPM, the recently proposed dual-pulse scheme, and the frequency-shifted reference system. In particular, it achieves power saving over NC-PPM by about 1.3-1.9 dB for IEEE 802.15.4a channel model 1 and 1.3-2.3 dB for channel model 8.
Scope and new horizons for implementation of m-Health/e-Health services in pulmonology in 2019 (2019)

The reason for this review based on the results of many meta- analyses is the great assessed difference in the methods of most studies in e-Health, telemedicine and tele-rehabilitation. It consists of different understanding of new terms, using different hard- and software, including criteria, different methodology of patient's treatment and its evaluation. This status suggests that first of all m-Health/e-Health requires a unique ontology of terms using and methodology of studies comparing. In this review we try to describe shortly the most significant points of modern e-Health field of medicine. The basic parts include methodology of review formation, tele-communication implementation results, tele-education, interactive questioning, tele-consultation, telemedicine diagnosis, tele-monitoring, rehabilitation and tele-rehabilitation, gamification, acceptability of mobile electronic devices and software in e-Health and planning studies. At the end of the review the new ontological structure of digital medicine is presented.
CMOS SPAD-based image sensor for single photon counting and time of flight imaging (2016)

The facility to capture the arrival of a single photon, is the fundamental limit to the detection of quantised electromagnetic radiation. An image sensor capable of capturing a picture with this ultimate optical and temporal precision is the pinnacle of photo-sensing. The creation of high spatial resolution, single photon sensitive, and time-resolved image sensors in complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology offers numerous benefits in a wide field of applications. These CMOS devices will be suitable to replace high sensitivity charge-coupled device (CCD) technology (electron-multiplied or electron bombarded) with significantly lower cost and comparable performance in low light or high speed scenarios. For example, with temporal resolution in the order of nano and picoseconds, detailed three-dimensional (3D) pictures can be formed by measuring the time of flight (TOF) of a light pulse. High frame rate imaging of single photons can yield new capabilities in super-resolution microscopy. Also, the imaging of quantum effects such as the entanglement of photons may be realised. The goal of this research project is the development of such an image sensor by exploiting single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) in advanced imaging-specific 130nm front side illuminated (FSI) CMOS technology. SPADs have three key combined advantages over other imaging technologies: single photon sensitivity, picosecond temporal resolution and the facility to be integrated in standard CMOS technology. Analogue techniques are employed to create an efficient and compact imager that is scalable to mega-pixel arrays. A SPAD-based image sensor is described with 320 by 240 pixels at a pitch of 8μm and an optical efficiency or fill-factor of 26.8%. Each pixel comprises a SPAD with a hybrid analogue counting and memory circuit that makes novel use of a low-power charge transfer amplifier. Global shutter single photon counting images are captured. These exhibit photon shot noise limited statistics with unprecedented low input-referred noise at an equivalent of 0.06 electrons. The CMOS image sensor (CIS) trends of shrinking pixels, increasing array sizes, decreasing read noise, fast readout and oversampled image formation are projected towards the formation of binary single photon imagers or quanta image sensors (QIS). In a binary digital image capture mode, the image sensor offers a look-ahead to the properties and performance of future QISs with 20,000 binary frames per second readout with a bit error rate of 1.7 x 10-3. The bit density, or cumulative binary intensity, against exposure performance of this image sensor is in the shape of the famous Hurter and Driffield densitometry curves of photographic film. Oversampled time-gated binary image capture is demonstrated, capturing 3D TOF images with 3.8cm precision in a 60cm range.
Pesticidal natural products – status and future potential (2019)

There is a long history of using natural products as the basis for creating new pesticides but there is still a relatively low percentage of naturally derived pesticides relative to the number of pharmaceuticals derived from natural sources. Biopesticides as defined and regulated by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have been around for 70 years, starting with Bacillus thuringiensis, but they are experiencing rapid growth as the products have got better and more science-based, and there are more restrictions on synthetic chemical pesticides. As such, biopesticides are still a small percentage (approximately US$3-4 billion) of the US$61.3 billion pesticide market. The growth of biopesticides is projected to outpace that of chemical pesticides, with compounded annual growth rates of between 10% and 20%. When integrated into crop production and pest management programs, biopesticides offer the potential for higher crop yields and quality than chemical-only programs. Added benefits include reduction or elimination of chemical residues, therefore easing export, enabling delay in the development of resistance by pests and pathogens to chemicals and shorter field re-entry, biodegradability and production using agricultural raw materials versus fossil fuels, and low risk to non-target organisms, including pollinators. Challenges to the adoption of biopesticides include lack of awareness and education in how to deploy their unique modes of action in integrated programs, testing products alone versus in integrated programs, and lingering perceptions of cost and efficacy. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Diversely Substituted Sugar‐Linked α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactones from Sugar‐Derived Baylis—Hillman Adducts via a RCM. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
From iPS Cells to Rodents and Nonhuman Primates: Filling Gaps in Modeling Parkinson's Disease (2020)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is primarily known as a movement disorder because of typical clinical manifestations associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. However, it is now widely recognized that PD is a much more complex condition, with multiple and severe nonmotor features implicating additional brain areas and organs in the disease process. Pathologically, typical forms of PD are characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein-rich protein inclusions known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, although other types of protein inclusions are also often present in the brain. Familial forms of PD have provided a wealth of information about molecular pathways leading to neurodegeneration, but only to add to the complexity of the problem and uncover new knowledge gaps. Therefore, modeling PD in the laboratory has become increasingly challenging. Here, we discuss knowledge gaps and challenges in the use of laboratory models for the study of a disease that is clinically heterogeneous and multifactorial. We propose that the combined use of patient-derived cells and animal models, along with current technological tools, will not only expand our molecular and pathophysiological understanding of PD, but also assist in the identification of therapeutic strategies targeting relevant pathogenic pathways. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Vanadium stimulates the (Na+,K+) pump in friend erythroleukemia cells and blocks erythropoiesis. (1983)

Friend murine erythroleukemia cells underwent apparently normal erythropoiesis when treated with dimethyl sulfoxide. One of the earliest events associated with this induction was a decrease in ouabain sensitive 86Rb+ uptake, an assay of the plasma membrane Na,K(ATPase). Ammonium vanadate (10 microM) blocked differentiation of these cells without affecting cell viability. Vanadium was taken up by Friend cells and prevented the dimethyl sulfoxide-induced decrease in ouabain sensitive 86Rb+ uptake. Vanadate reactivated 86Rb+ transport previously inhibited by dimethyl sulfoxide treatment but had no affect on 86Rb+ transport in untreated cells. These results suggest an essential role for the (Na,K)ATPase in cell differentiation.
Regulation of Gal Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Synthesis in Escherichia coli by 3',5'-Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (1971)

DNA-RNAhybridization experiments show that transcription of the gal operon is regulated by cyclic AMP as well as inducer.Cyclic AMP stimulates ga2 mRNA synthesis and does not affect its half-life.Mutants unable to make cyclic AMP synthesize gal mRNA only after the nucleotide is added.Mutants lacking a protein required for cyclic AMP action do not make gal mRNA.We conclude that lac and gal transcription is similarly controlled by cyclic AMP.
DOES HEMIARTHROPLASTY IMPLANT COMPLIANCE AFFECT EARLY IN VITRO CARTILAGE WEAR AND JOINT CONTACT MECHANICS (2020)

Joint hemiarthroplasty replaces one side of a synovial joint and is a viable alternative to total joint arthroplasty when one side of the joint remains healthy. Most hemiarthroplasty implants used ...
Digital Watermarking using the Channel Coding Technique (2000)

Digital watermarking has similar concepts with channel coding thechnique for transferring data with minimizing error in noise environment, since it should be robust to various kinds of data manipulation for protecting copyrights of multimedia data. This paper proposes a digital watermarking technique which is robust to various kinds of data manipulation. Intellectual property rights information is encoded using a convolutional code, and block-interleaving technique is applied to prevent successive loss of encoded data. Encoded intelloctual property rithts informationis embedded using spread spectrum technique which is robust to cata manipulation. In order to reconstruct intellectual property rights information, watermark signalis detected by covariance between watermarked image and pseudo rando noise sequence which is used to einbed watermark. Embedded intellectual property rights information is obtaned by de-interleaving and cecoding previously detected wtermark signal. Experimental results show that block interleaving watermarking technique can detect embedded intellectial property right informationmore correctly against to attacks like Gaussian noise additon, filtering, and JPEG compression than general spread spectrum technique in the same PSNR.
CD200 immunomodulation induces tolerance in CTA (2010)

Jindal, Rishi MD; Sucher, R. MD; Wang, Y. MD; Weinstock, M. MD; Pulikkottil, B. J. MD; Zanoun, R. BS; Brandacher, G. MD; Zheng, X. X. MD; Gorantla, V. S. MD, PhD; Lee, W. P.A. MD Author Information
Time-varying channel equalization using multiresolution analysis (2003)

The equalization problem for rapidly varying channels is addressed, using multiresolution analysis tools. The time variations of the channel are modeled directly by expanding each time-varying (TV) tap coefficient onto a P-band wavelet basis. Only the low-resolution signal is then retained as a natural approximation of the channel's trajectory. The choice of the wavelet basis so that the approximation is optimal in the mean square sense is discussed. An algorithm based on higher-order statistics, which estimates the wavelet coefficients from output-only data, is proposed. Once the channel has been estimated, the Viterbi algorithm is used to complete this blind equalization approach.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
SPARC64&#x00026;#x2122; VIIIfx: Fujitsu&#x00026;#x2019;s New Generation Octo Core Processor for PETA Scale computing (2010)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Insight into Selective Surface Reactions of Dimethylamino-trimethylsilane for Area-Selective Deposition of Metal, Nitride, and Oxide (2020)

Area-selective deposition (ASD) is a promising bottom-up manufacturing solution for catalysts and nanoelectronic devices. However, industrial applications are limited as highly selective ASD processes exist only for few materials. “Passivation/deposition/defect removal” cycles have been proposed to increase selectivity, but cycling requires the passivation to be selective to the growth surface as well as the ASD-grown material. Dimethylamino-trimethylsilane (DMA-TMS) can passivate SiO₂ surfaces by covering them with −Si(CH₃)₃ groups. However, the interaction of DMA-TMS with materials other than SiO₂ and Si remains largely unknown and its compatibility with cycling is not yet understood. This work investigates the selectivity of metal, nitride, and oxide atomic layer deposition (ALD) to DMA-TMS-passivated SiO₂ as well as the surface chemistry and selectivity of the DMA-TMS reaction. The ALD coreagents O₂, NH₃, and H₂O show low reactivity with the −Si(CH₃)₃-terminated surface at temperatures up to 300 °C, but the selectivity of ALD strongly depends on the metal precursor and temperature. We demonstrate that DMA-TMS is a selective passivation agent for ASD of and on TiO₂, TiN, and Ru selective to SiO₂, by TiCl₄/H₂O, TiCl₄/NH₃, and EBECHRu/O₂ ALD, respectively. We investigate the DMA-TMS reaction on Ru and TiN/TiO₂ growth surfaces under conditions that passivate SiO₂. At least 77% of the area of the growth surface remains reactive for ALD, confirming the compatibility of DMA-TMS with cycling for ASD. We investigate the impact of changes in surface composition due to patterning before ASD and find that DMA-TMS removes F impurities on TiN and TiO₂ surfaces. DMA-TMS selectively passivates SiO₂ on three-dimensional (3D) nanopatterns, allowing preferential TiO₂ deposition on a nonpassivated growth surface. Thus, the selectivity of DMA-TMS shows great promise to expand the ASD material space as well as to increase selectivity during ASD cycles.
Using DSP Slices as Content-Addressable Update Queues (2020)

Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) is a powerful abstraction for building memory caches, routing tables and hazard detection logic. Without a native CAM structure available on FPGA devices, their functionality must be emulated using the structural primitives at hand. Such an emulation causes significant overhead in the consumption of the underlying resources, typically general-purpose fabric and on-chip block RAM (BRAM). This often motivates mitigating trade-offs, such as the reduction of the associativity of memory caches. This paper describes a technique to implement the hazard resolution in a memory update queue that hides the off-chip memory readout latency of read-modify-write cycles while guaranteeing the delivery of the full memory bandwidth. The innovative use of DSP slices allows them to assume and combine the functions of (a) the tag and data storage, (b) the tag matching, and (c) the data update in this key-value storage scenario. The proposed approach provides designers with extra flexibility by adding this resource type as another option to implement CAM.
On the effect of winding parallel paths in synchronous permanent magnet electric machine drives (2010)

The described study involved interior permanent magnet (IPM) motors with distributed and concentrated (non-overlapping) stator windings. The machines were operated with sine-wave current-regulated power electronic drives. A coupled finite element model was used for the electromagnetic field and electric circuit analysis. Special instrumentation was employed for the measurement of 3D forces. It is shown that stator winding parallel paths can be very effective in reducing the effect of motor faults and asymmetries, such as rotor eccentricity.
Advances in Power Conversion and Drives for Shipboard Systems (2015)

This paper presents some of the key advances in power electronics pertaining to shipboard electric power system applications. The focus is on the emerging wide bandgap semiconductor devices, i.e., silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) devices, and their potential impact on future shipboard power conversion and drives. Their benefits on power converter efficiency and power density are explained through a case study of a medium-voltage (MV) class motor drive system. SiC and GaN also enable new applications, including solid-state transformers, while posing new design and application challenges such as gate drive, protection, and interaction with loads. In addition to device related topics, this paper also overviews other important advances in power electronics, including topology, control, passive components, thermal management, filters, and packaging. The significance of power electronics building blocks (PEBBs) concept for shipboard power system development is discussed. Recognizing the growing complexity of shipboard power systems, some system-level technologies related to future MV direct current (dc) system architecture are highlighted.
GaN Schottky Contact on the Pattern Sapphire Substrate with Reducted Threading Dislocation (2019)

AlGaN/GaN heterojunction has the advantage of large critical electric field and high chemical stability, to be applied in the fields of LED, optical device, and high-frequency transistor. GaN is regarded as a good candidate for replacing Silicon. In this work, the pattern sapphire substrate (PSS) technology is used to grow GaN thin film by MOCVD and further to manufacture Al-GaN/GaN Schottky diodes. Raman spectrum and etching pit den-sity (EPD) are used to measure the GaN's film quality. To reduce defect density and improve electrical performance, different pat-tern dimensions are designed in the Schottky diodes. By using our PSS technology, the EPD can be reduced from 3.87x106(cm-2) to 1.37x106(cm-2) and the Raman spectrum FWHM can be reduced from 2.46(cm-1) to 2.33(cm-1). Also, the Schottky contact resistiv-ity can be reduced from 0.0657(Ωcm2) to 0.00266(Ωcm2).
On the origin of cancer-associated fibroblasts (2009)

of the origin of CAFs in mouse tumors is that only a portion of the CAFs was found to be of a single origin, suggesting that all CAFs are not derived from the same source, but rather originate from several different supplies. Evidence from human tumors is scarce regarding the source(s) from which CAFs are recruited.We recently identified a role for PDGF-CC in the recruitment of CAFs into a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma.
Evaluation of three strains of influenza A virus in humans and in owl, cebus, and squirrel monkeys (1980)

The virulence of three cloned influenza A viruses was compared in humans and in three readily available species of nonhuman primates (owl, squirrel, and cebus monkeys) in an attempt to identify a species of monkey that could be used to investigate the genetic basis of attenuation of influenza A viruses for humans. Three influenza A viruses from two subtypes, i.e., the A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), A/Alaska/77 (H3H2), and A/Hong Kong/77 (H1H1) viruses, produced febrile influenzal illness in humans. Squirrel monkeys developed mild upper respiratory tract illness in response to each of the three viruses. Illness was accompanied by a high level of virus shedding; each of nine squirrel monkeys that shed equal to or greater than 10(5.0) 50% tissue culture infective doses of virus became ill, whereas those that shed less remained well. In contrast, the cebus and owl monkeys remained clinically well despite infection with each of the three viruses. Thus, squirrel monkeys appear to be moderately permissive primate hosts in which to investigate the genetic basis of virulence of human influenza A viruses.
Chemical Speciation (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Detection Chromatography Valveless Injection IC Speciation of some Elements
Left ventricular ejection fraction: are the revised cut-off points for defining systolic dysfunction sufficiently evidence based? (2007)

The recent guidelines from the American Society of Echocardiography and European Society of Echocardiography have defined an abnormal ejection fraction (EF) of the left ventricle, as one that is <55%.1 Owing to the fact that it is a continuous biological variable, there is inevitable debate over what constitutes mild, moderate and severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction across the ranges of EF. Up to now, the lower limit of normal in clinical practice has usually been set at 40%.2

Despite the recent guidelines,1 there has been little debate or evidence to suggest altering the lower limit of normality to include patients with EFs of 50–54%. These guidelines therefore represent a step change in the definition of (echocardiographic) LV systolic dysfunction and will include many more patients into the category of “impaired LV function” with EFs >50%. The main limitation of this approach is how best to define risk. The cut-off points suggested for a single parameter can vary broadly for the risk of death, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Also, much of the literature applies to specific populations (eg, after myocardial infarction, the elderly) and not to overall cardiovascular risk.1

The recommended new cut-off EF value of 54% is based on expert opinion, interpreting data from the limited number of studies that have reported that an EF <54% is associated with moderate adverse outcomes.1 For example, Roman et al followed up 486 patients undergoing echocardiography to determine the prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis and to examine its relationship to LV hypertrophy.3 Two hundred and seventy-seven subjects were normotensive and 209 subjects had untreated hypertension, and all were asymptomatic with no overt manifestations of cerebrovascular disease. The investigators found that 392 patients were essentially without any evidence of carotid plaques and 366 patients had …