gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biocompatibility of an Electrochemical Sensor for Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Subcutaneous Tissue (2005)

The electrochemical, reagent-based sensor with MPC coating and/or a porous membrane is suitable for continuous monitoring of glucose from a biocompatibility standpoint.
Monitoring and guidance of histotripsy using ultrafast imaging (2016)

To use histotripsy safely, it is required to visualize the cavitation clouds and the lesion formation in real-time. Conventional ultrasound imaging (USI) is a good candidate for the real-time monitoring of the procedures. However, bubble clouds are not always clearly visible in vivo using USI because of flows, motion or high echogenicity of the target region. Ultrafast imaging, based on plane wave or diverging waves sonications, is able to record a larger amount of data, providing broad information about how signals originating from different sources vary in time. Here, we apply a spatiotemporal singular value decomposition of ultrafast acquisitions that enables the discrimination of cavitation bubbles from moving tissue in vivo. An automation to determine the filtering parameters will be introduced. Moreover, USI depicts the histotripsy lesion only at an advanced stage and can be hindered by the presence of dissolving gas in the tissue. As the tissue microstructure is greatly affected by the treatment, a high stiffness contrast is observed. We will show that quantitative stiffness evaluation allows measuring tissue damage from the beginning of the treatment with a 2 to 6-fold contrast increase compared to USI.
Hybrid Multi-Material Endoskeleton Overmolded Structure for Automotive Powertrain (2018)

Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s (ORNL) Manufacturing Demonstration Facility (MDF) worked with American Axle and Manufacturing (AAM) to demonstrate additive manufacturing’s (AM) applicability to multi-material endoskeleton driveline mechanisms. The goal of this phase one technical collaboration project was to significantly reduce mass, improve efficiency, and improve power torque density of the driveline mechanism through applied research analysis of a multi-material solution. The focus of the effort explored the impact of multi-material endoskeleton components on reducing the weight of a typical drivetrain component using a blend of metal additive manufacturing with overmolding. For this study, a conventional rear driveline power transfer unit housing was selected. The component was geometrically optimized for additive manufacturing and to ensure proper lubrication of the gears. Therefore, traditional weight reduction techniques were invalid because AM enables weight reduction far beyond what is capable with traditional manufacturing. The hypothesis was that an inner aluminum structure could be optimized with respect to strength and weight reduction. An outer composite surface was overmolded to the aluminum AM part to satisfy the part’s geometric constraints and to provide embodiment for oil encapsulation. The original component weighed 11.3 lb whereas the topologically optimized structure was 6.96 lbs, which is a 4.34 lb difference. When the missing aluminum material was replaced with a composite material, the part weighed approximately 8.66 lbs resulting in a 2.64 lb or 23% weight reduction from the traditionally manufactured part. These first phase efforts are deemed a success. A proposed second phase will explore the material and design requirements necessary to ensure a viable mechanical interface between the AM component and overmolding.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Bicyclic Core Structure of Squalestatin 1. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A new analytical and broadband method for determining the HBT small-signal model parameters (2002)

An original, rigorous and accurate method for the direct extraction of HBT small-signal model parameters is proposed. The main advantage of this method is that a unique and physical-meaningful set of intrinsic parameters is extracted from the measured S-parameters for the whole frequency range of operation. The extraction procedure uses a set of closed form expressions derived without any approximation. In this sense, the extraction method is more accurate and robust in comparison with those employing special test structures or global numerical optimization techniques. Experimental validation on a HBT device with a 2/spl times/25 /spl mu/m emitter was carried out, and excellent results were obtained up to 30 GHz. The calculated data-fitting residual error over 1-30 GHz was less then 2%.
The Phase Behavior of bis-(4'-n-Heptyloxybenzylidene)-1,4-Phenylenediamine (HEPTOBPD), Crystal J and K Phases (1983)

Abstract Detailed X-ray diffraction studies of bis-(4'-n-heptyloxybenzylidene)-1,4-phenylenediamine (HEPTOBPD) have led to a positive phase identification, subsequently given confirmation by texture and miscibility studies. No new smectic liquid crystal phases, but two disordered crystal phases (J and K) are found which are analogous to G and H phases except for the direction of tilt.
Mode Control of 1.3 proportional to m Wavelength Coupled VCSEL Arrays by Cavity Structuring (2010)

Mode control in wafer-fused 1.3 mu m wavelength coupled-VCSEL arrays is achieved by cavity structuring and investigated by spectrally resolved near- and far-field measurements. Improved mode discrimination is attained by combining index- and gain-patterning. (C)2010 Optical Society of America
Improving Frame Semantic Parsing with Hierarchical Dialogue Encoders. (2017)

Conversational Language Understanding (CLU) is a key component of goal oriented dialogue systems that would parse user utterances into semantic frame representations. Traditionally CLU does not utilize the dialogue history beyond the previous system turn and contextual ambiguities are resolved by the downstream components. In this paper, we explore novel approaches for modeling dialogue context in a recurrent neural network (RNN) based language understanding system. We propose the Hierarchical Dialogue Encoder Network, that allows encoding context from the dialogue history in chronological order. We compare the performance of our proposed architecture with two context models, one that uses just the previous turn context and another that encodes dialogue context in a memory network, but loses the order of utterances in the dialogue history. Experiments with a multi-domain dialogue dataset demonstrate that the proposed architecture results in reduced semantic frame error rates.
Letter: Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Two Novel Loci with Sex-Specific Effects for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Glycemic Traits in a Korean Population (Diabetes Metab J2014;38:375-87) (2014)

Type 2 diabetes is a multigenic disorder where genetic and environmental factors and their interactions play crucial roles in the pathogenesis. The recent technological advancement in genome analyses enabled us to identify at least 70 genetic loci for type 2 diabetes [1,2]. Collaborative efforts led by Korea National Institute of Health have laid the basis for the Asian Genetic Epidemiology Consortium and have identified eight novel genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes in more than 54,000 East Asians subjects including Korean, Chinese, Japanese, Taiwanese, and Singaporeans [3].

The article entitled Genome-wide association study identifies two novel Loci with sex-specific effects for type 2 diabetes mellitus and glycemic traits in a korean population [4] is a two staged genome-wide association study on type 2 diabetes in a Korean population. In this study, the authors investigated more than 4.5 million genotyped and imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms to identify genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes. The authors found that genetic variants in or near CDKAL1 (rs7754840) and CDKN2A/2B (rs10811661) genes are associated with diabetes with odds ratio of 1.30 and 1.29, respectively, at genome-wide significance level of P<5.0×10-8. These two variants are also strong genetic risk factors in Europeans and other population, which suggests that genetic risk factors are shared across ethnicities [5]. The novel finding of this study is the association between variants in CCDC63 (rs11065756) and C12orf51 (rs2074356) with the risk of type 2 diabetes.

This study deserves much attention as it provides detailed information on genetic risk factors of type 2 diabetes in Koreans. However, it should be clarified whether the novel genetic association between variants in CCDC63 and C12orf51 and type 2 diabetes is confounded by alcohol consumption. In a previous study using the same discovery set, the very same variants (rs11065756 in CCDC63 and rs2074356 in C12orf51) were significantly associated with alcohol consumption [6]. When the direction of association is considered, it is also true that alleles associated with increased risk of diabetes are associated with increased alcohol consumption. The fact that the association of these two variants with type 2 diabetes was only specific to men is also true for alcohol consumption. It could be possible that the variants have pleiotropic effect and are associated with both alcohol consumption and type 2 diabetes in an independent manner. This could be clarified by reanalyzing the data with an adjustment to the amount of alcohol consumption.
Significance of MiB‐1 staining in smears with atypical glandular cells (2004)

MiB-1 immunostaining may facilitate recognition of developing adenocarcinoma in cervical smear screening. In a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 170 patients with atypical endocervical glandular cells and with repeat smears, archival Papanicolaou-stained smears were restained for MiB-1 and classified for the presence of preneoplastic changes of MiB-1 positive epithelial fragments. The results of classification based on MiB-1 positive epithelial fragments corresponded "roughly" with cytomorphological diagnoses. Of the 38 patients in which the primary smear was found to be MiB-1-positive, 12 of these persisted in the repeat smear. Thirty-eight of the 132 repeat smears of patients originally negative for MiB-1 pathology were positive. Of the total 50 MiB-1 positive repeat smears, four showed adenocarcinoma in situ on cytomorphological grounds. MiB-1 staining enhances detection of (pre)neoplastic changes. This approach does not destroy the morphology of the original smear and can be applied to routine material.
Kinetics of transfer of volatile amphiphiles (fragrances) from vapors to\n aqueous drops and vice versa: Interplay of diffusion and barrier mechanisms (2021)

Subject of this work is to investigate the kinetics of mass transfer of\nvolatile amphiphiles from their vapors to aqueous drops, and from the saturated\naqueous drop solutions to air. The used amphiphiles are benzyl acetate,\nlinalool, and citronellol. The adequate theoretical processing of the\nequilibrium surface tension isotherms is applied to construct the\ntwo-dimensional equation of state, which relates the surface tension to the\nadsorption at the interface. The measured surface tension relaxations with time\nin the regimes of adsorption from vapor and evaporation from drop combined with\nthe equations of state provide quantitative information on the change of\nadsorption because of the volatile amphiphile mass transfer across the surface.\nThe theoretical analysis of the diffusion and barrier mechanisms in the case of\nadsorption from vapor to the aqueous drop shows that the mixed\nbarrier-diffusion control in the vapor and diffusion control in the drop\ndescribe experimental data. The obtained values of the adsorption rate\nconstants are six orders of magnitude larger than those for hexane and\ncyclohexane reported in the literature. The regime of evaporation from aqueous\namphiphile solution drop follows the convection-enhanced adsorption mechanism\nwith desorption rate constant in the vapor affected by the simultaneous water\nevaporation and amphiphile desorption. The water evaporation suppresses the\nevaporation of linalool and accelerates desorption of benzyl acetate and\ncitronellol. From viewpoint of applications, the obtained physicochemical\nparameters of the studied three fragrances can help for better understanding of\ntheir performance in shampoo systems and perfumes. From theoretical viewpoint,\nthe result show that by introducing an effective amphiphile desorption rate\nconstant it is possible to quantify the complex volatile amphiphile desorption\naccompanied with the water evaporation.\n
Liquid Pool Copolymerization of Propylene/1‐Butene with a MgCl2‐Supported Ziegler‐Natta Catalyst (2006)

Abstract Summary: Liquid pool propylene/1‐butene copolymerizations were carried out in a batch reactor with a high activity Ziegler‐Natta catalyst system. Experimental runs were performed to evaluate the effect of the 1‐butene content on the crystallinity and melt temperature of the polymer resins. According to the results, 1‐butene can be significantly incorporated into the polymer chain at high polymerization rates over the whole range of copolymer compositions, leading to a decrease in the melting temperature ( T m ) of the polymer, when compared to the poly(propylene) homopolymer, allowing for reduction of the sealing initiation temperature. It was observed by GPC and MFI measurements that the average molecular weights and the polydispersity index of the copolymer significantly decreased when compared to the ones obtained from poly(propylene). Despite high polymerization rates, polymer particles with good morphological features were produced in all cases. It was also observed that the absence of an external electron donor led to low crystallinity values for both the poly(propylene) homopolymer and for copolymers with different fractions of 1‐butene, when compared to literature values frequently reported for polymer resins based on 1‐butene and propylene. The obtained results indicate that a family of bulk propylene/1‐butene copolymer grades can be successfully developed for packaging and film applications. Surface morphology and molecular weight distribution (deconvoluted into Schulz‐Flory distributions) of the propylene/1‐butene copolymer. image Surface morphology and molecular weight distribution (deconvoluted into Schulz‐Flory distributions) of the propylene/1‐butene copolymer.
A Comparison Between Model-Based and Data-Driven Design of an Active Stability Control System for Two-Wheeled Vehicles (2011)

The design of an active stability control system for two-wheeled vehicles is a fully open problem and it constitutes a challenging task due to the complexity of two-wheeled vehicles dynamics and the strong interaction between the vehicle and the driver. This paper describes and compares two different methods, a model-based and a data-driven approach, to tune a Multi-Input-Multi-Output controller which allows to enhance the safety while guaranteeing a good driving feeling. The two strategies are tested on a multibody motorcycle simulator on challenging maneuvers such as kick-back and strong braking while cornering at high speed.
Experimental and clinical studies with intraoperative radiotherapy. (1983)

Studies of normal tissue tolerance to intraoperative radiotherapy were done upon 65 dogs subjected to laparotomy and 11 million electron volt electron irradiation in doses ranging from zero to 5,000 rads. Results of studies indicated that intact aorta and vena cava tolerate up to 5,000 rads without loss of structural integrity. Ureteral fibrosis and stenosis develop at doses of 3,000 rads or more. Arterial anastomoses heal after doses of 4,500 rads, but fibrosis can lead to occlusion. Intestinal suture lines heal after doses of 4,500 rads. Bile duct fibrosis and stenosis develop at doses of 2,000 rads or more. Biliary-enteric anastomoses fail to heal at any dose level. A clinical trial of intraoperative radiotherapy combined with radical surgery was performed upon 20 patients with advanced malignant tumors which were considered unlikely to be cured by conventional therapies and which included carcinomas of the stomach, carcinomas of the pancreas, carcinomas involving the hilus of the liver, retroperitoneal sarcomas and osteosarcomas of the pelvis. All patients underwent resection of gross tumor, followed by intraoperative irradiation of the tumor bed and regional nodal basins. Some patients received additional postoperative external beam radiotherapy. Treatment mortality for combined operation and radiotherapy occurred in four of 20 patients. Postoperative complications occurred in four of the 16 surviving patients. Local tumor control was achieved in 11 of the 16 surviving patients, with an over-all median follow-up period of 18 months. The clinical trial suggested that intraoperative radiotherapy is a feasible adjunct to resection in locally advanced tumors, that the resulting mortality and morbidity is similar to that expected from operation alone and that local tumor control may be improved.
Large-Scale Synthesis of Polymer-Stabilized Silver Nanoparticles (2007)

The synthesis and characterization of polymer-stabilized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for water-based silver inks are studied. In order to synthesize Ag NPs with spherical shape, the conventional polyol processes require an excess of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) (10 ~ 1000 times than AgNO3) and therefore result in low productivity per reactor volume. In this study, poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with carboxylic acid group was used instead of PVP. Even at less molar ratio of PAA to AgNO3 (&lt; 2), the spherical Ag NPs with average size of 30 nm were successfully synthesized at 100 gram-scale with high reaction yield of 90%. Furthermore, the Ag NPs were dispersed into alcohol-based solvent and then patterned into metallic lines through inkjet printing technology.
Collection and submission of samples for fish-kill investigation and toxic-substance analysis (1996) (1996)

Fish kills occur in natural and cultured populations. They can be due to disease, poor water quality or a toxic substance. Fish kills represent emergencies, and producers must be prepared for them in advance.
Biphalin: The Foundation of Bivalent Ligands (2016)

Seldom in medicinal chemistry does one ligand present the ability to study two separate phenomena in a pharmacological process. The discovery of biphalin with other homodimeric ligands has given scientists a tool that not only explores how to increase the efficacy of the ligand, but also explore the possible interactions of hetero and homo dimerization of the receptors themselves. As a straight ligand, biphalin has allowed scientists to increase efficacy by direct modification of the residues to affect the message-address interactions with receptors. This led to the exploration of ligand linkers to increase efficacy and it was this modification of the linkers led to discoveries that suggested dimerization of receptor system occurs as a secondary modulation of signal transduction. Even more recently, exploration of the advances in linkers through the discovery of bitopicity seems to modulate the actual receptors to increase the binding and signal transdcution of the ligand. This is accomplished by possible slight conformational changes in the receptors before binding of the ligand located at the end of the linker. These advances were made by the work of the late Prof. Andrzej W. Lipkowski. This review gives the foundation of biphalin and in turn celebrates the contributions of Prof. Lipkowski made in this area.
TCR-mimic bispecific antibodies targeting LMP2A show potent activity against EBV malignancies (2018)

EBV infection is associated with a number of malignancies of clinical unmet need, including Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric cancer, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), all of which express the EBV protein latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), an antigen that is difficult to target by conventional antibody approaches. To overcome this, we utilized phage display technology and a structure-guided selection strategy to generate human T cell receptor-like (TCR-like) monoclonal antibodies with exquisite specificity for the LMP2A-derived nonamer peptide, C426LGGLLTMV434 (CLG), as presented on HLA-A*02:01. Our lead construct, clone 38, closely mimics the native binding mode of a TCR, recognizing residues at position P3-P8 of the CLG peptide. To enhance antitumor potency, we constructed dimeric T cell engaging bispecific antibodies (DiBsAb) of clone 38 and an affinity-matured version clone 38-2. Both DiBsAb showed potent antitumor properties in vitro and in immunodeficient mice implanted with EBV transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines and human T cell effectors. Clone 38 DiBsAb showed a stronger safety profile compared with its affinity-matured variant, with no activity against EBV- tumor cell lines and a panel of normal tissues, and was less cross-reactive against HLA-A*02:01 cells pulsed with a panel of CLG-like peptides predicted from a proteomic analysis. Clone 38 was also shown to recognize the CLG peptide on other HLA-A*02 suballeles, including HLA-A*02:02, HLA-A*02:04, and HLA-A*02:06, allowing for its potential use in additional populations. Clone 38 DiBsAb is a lead candidate to treat EBV malignancies with one of the strongest safety profiles documented for TCR-like mAbs.
Targeting neurodegenerative diseases: Drug discovery in a challenging arena (2012)

Neurodegenerative diseases represent one of the health care community’s truly unmet medical needs. They can be loosely classified into two categories, acute and chronic. One of the best known chronic neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer’s disease, represents a serious health care problem that may well exceed the limits of current fiscal and care giver resources. No disease-modifying therapeutic agents have been identified, and the few available symptomatic treatments possess limitations in their duration of action and side effects. Despite decades of drug discovery research and numerous clinical trials, no truly effective treatment for stroke, the most prevalent acute neurodegenerative disease, has been identified. This article summarizes two recent drug discovery projects, one targeting Alzheimer’s disease and the other targeting ischemic stroke. Both projects involved design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a novel series of heterocyclic derivatives.
Observation of Resonant Light Diffraction by an Atomic Beam (1982)

Resonant light diffraction by an atomic beam of sodium has been uncovered by careful measurements of the spatial dependence of the absorption. Recently developed modulation techniques made such measurements possible. Both on-resonance and off-resonance excitations as well as the influence of intense fields have been studied. The observed spatial behavior is in good agreement with a preliminary calculation based on the interference between the field scattered by the atoms and the excitation field.