gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of microplasmas excited by microwaves for VUV photon sources (2015)

Microplasma sources typically take advantage of pd (pressure × size) scaling by increasing pressure to operate at dimensions as small as tens of microns. In many applications, low pressure operation is desirable, which makes miniaturization difficult. In this paper, the characteristics of low pressure microplasma sources excited by microwave power are discussed based on results from experimental and computational studies. The intended application is production of VUV radiation for chemical analysis, and so emphasis in this study is on the production of resonant excited states of rare gases and radiation transport. The systems of interest operate at a few to 10 Torr in Ar and He/Ar mixtures with cavity dimensions of hundreds of microns to 1 mm. Power deposition is a few watts which produces fractional ionization of about 0.1%. We found that production of VUV radiation from argon microplasmas at 104.8 nm and 106.7 nm saturates as a function of power deposition due to a quasi-equilibrium that is established between the electron temperature (that is not terribly sensitive to power deposition) and the population of the Ar(4s) manifold.
Container and method for absorbing and reducing hydrogen concentration (2023)

A method for absorbing hydrogen from an enclosed environment comprising providing a vessel; providing a hydrogen storage composition in communication with a vessel, the hydrogen storage composition further comprising a matrix defining a pore size which permits the passage of hydrogen gas while blocking the passage of gaseous poisons; placing a material within the vessel, the material evolving hydrogen gas; sealing the vessel; and absorbing the hydrogen gas released into the vessel by the hydrogen storage composition. A container for absorbing evolved hydrogen gas comprising: a vessel having an interior and adapted for receiving materials which release hydrogen gas; a hydrogen absorbing composition in communication with the interior, the composition defining a matrix surrounding a hydrogen absorber, the matrix permitting the passage of hydrogen gas while excluding gaseous poisons; wherein, when the vessel is sealed, hydrogen gas, which is released into the vessel interior, is absorbed by the hydrogen absorbing composition.
Hyperbolic location errors due to insufficient numbers of receivers (2001)

Animal locations are sometimes estimated by measuring the difference in travel times of their sounds at pairs of receivers. Ideally, each difference specifies the animal’s location to a hyperboloid, and sufficient numbers of intersecting hyperboloids specify the location. Most bioacoustic publications state that one needs three receivers to locate animals in two spatial dimensions and four receivers in three spatial dimensions. However, the actual numbers of receivers required for locations in two and three dimensions are four and five, respectively. Significant location errors can result from using insufficient numbers of receivers. Methods are provided for determining locations of ambiguous source-location regions.
Al-2.9 Aspect Ratio (In Lithography) (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Inclusive quarkonium production at forward rapidity in pp collisions at $$\mathbf {\sqrt{s}=8}~$$ s = 8 TeV (2016)

We report on the inclusive production cross sections of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text](1S), [Formula: see text](2S) and [Formula: see text](3S), measured at forward rapidity with the ALICE detector in [Formula: see text] collisions at a center-of-mass energy [Formula: see text] TeV. The analysis is based on data collected at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.23 pb[Formula: see text]. Quarkonia are reconstructed in the dimuon-decay channel. The differential production cross sections are measured as a function of the transverse momentum [Formula: see text] and rapidity <i>y</i>, over the [Formula: see text] ranges [Formula: see text] GeV/<i>c</i> for [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] GeV/<i>c</i> for all other resonances, and for [Formula: see text]. The cross sections, integrated over [Formula: see text] and <i>y</i>, and assuming unpolarized quarkonia, are [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]b, [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text]b, [Formula: see text] nb, [Formula: see text] nb and [Formula: see text] nb, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second one is systematic. These values agree, within at most [Formula: see text], with measurements performed by the LHCb collaboration in the same rapidity range.
A unified approach to the decomposition and re-decomposition of sequential machines (1990)

We present a unified framework and associated algorithms for the optimal decomposition and re-decomposition of sequential machines. This framework allows for a uniform treatment of arbitrary decomposition topologies operating at the State Transition Graph (STG) level, while targeting a cost function that is close to the eventual logic implementation. Previous work has targeted specific decomposition topologies via the formulation of decomposition as implicant covering with associated constraints. It is shown that this formulation can be used to target arbitrary desired topologies merely by customizing the constraints during implicant covering. It is shown how this work relates to preserved partitions and covers traditionally used in parallel and cascade decomposition, and how this formulation establishes the relationship between state assignment and FSM decomposition.In many cases, an initial decomposition is specified as a starting point. Attempting to flatten a set of interacting circuits into a single lumped STG in order to modify the decomposition structure could require astronomical amounts of CPU time and memory. Memory and CPU time efficient re-decomposition algorithms that operate on distributed-style specifications and which are more global than those presented in the past have been developed. These algorithms have been implemented in the sequential logic synthesis system, FLAMES, that is being developed at UCB/MIT.
Application of fast multipole method to micromagnetic simulation of periodic systems (2004)

In this paper, we introduce a new iterative method for calculating the fields of the periodic images, which is simpler and more in the spirit of the FMM.
Dyadic Green’s function for aplanatic solid immersion lens based sub-surface microscopy (2011)

We present the derivation of the dyadic Green's function for the aplanatic solid immersion lens based microscopy system. The presented dyadic Green's function is general and is applicable at non-aplanatic points as well in the object plane. Thus, the electromagnetic wave formulation is used to describe the optical system without paraxial assumptions. Various important and useful properties of SIL based microscopy system are also presented. The effect of the numerical aperture of the objective on the peak intensities, resolutions and the depth of field are also reported. Some interesting longitudinal effects are also reported.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Retinopathy in Individuals without Diabetes (2013)

This GWAS of retinopathy in individuals without diabetes showed little evidence of genetic associations. Further studies are needed to identify genes associated with these signs in order to help unravel novel pathways and determinants of microvascular diseases.
Two-degree-of-freedom control combining machine learning and extremum seeking for fast scanning quantum dot microscopy (2018)

Scanning Quantum Dot Microscopy is a frequency modulated atomic force microscope technique, in which a sensor molecule is attached to the microscope tip. It allows to generate high resolution images at subatomic level of the electrostatic potential of nanostructures. While Scanning Quantum Dot Microscopy provides significantly increased resolution and sensitivity compared with Kelvin probe force microscopy, the scanning speed is limited, which limits usability and the maximum size of samples. We propose a two-degree-of-freedom control approach, consisting of an extremum seeking controller and a feedforward control. The feedforward signal is based on a machine learning approach, where a Gaussian process is used to capture the already scanned part of the image and compute a prediction for the next scanning lines. The proposed control approach speeds up the scanning process by a factor of about 10 and enables to scan larger areas than before.
SARM1 Promotes Photoreceptor Degeneration in an Oxidative Stress Model of Retinal Degeneration (2022)

SARM1 (sterile alpha and armadillo motif-containing protein) is a highly conserved Toll/IL-1 Receptor (TIR) adaptor with important roles in mediating immune responses. Studies in the brain have shown that SARM1 plays a role in induction of neuronal axon degeneration in response to a variety of injuries. We recently demonstrated that SARM1 is pro-degenerative in a genetic model of inherited retinopathy. This current study aimed to characterise the effect of SARM1 deletion in an alternative model of retinal degeneration (RD) in which the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) fragments following administration of oxidising agent, sodium iodate (NaIO<sub>3</sub>), leading to subsequent photoreceptor cell death. Following administration of NaIO<sub>3</sub>, we observed no apparent difference in rate of loss of RPE integrity in SARM1 deficient mice compared to WT counterparts. However, despite no differences in RPE degeneration, photoreceptor cell number and retinal thickness were increased in <i>Sarm1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice compared to WT counterparts. This apparent protection of the photoreceptors in SARM1 deficient mice is supported by an observed decrease in pro-apoptotic caspase-3 in the photoreceptor layer of <i>Sarm1<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice compared to WT. Together these data indicate a pro-degenerative role for SARM1 in the photoreceptors, but not in the RPE, in an oxidative stress induced model of retinal degeneration consistent with its known degenerative role in neurons in a range of neurodegenerative settings.
Feature Transfer Learning for Deep Face Recognition with Long-Tail Data. (2018)

Despite the large volume of face recognition datasets, there is a significant portion of subjects, of which the samples are insufficient and thus under-represented. Ignoring such significant portion results in insufficient training data. Training with under-represented data leads to biased classifiers in conventionally-trained deep networks. In this paper, we propose a center-based feature transfer framework to augment the feature space of under-represented subjects from the regular subjects that have sufficiently diverse samples. A Gaussian prior of the variance is assumed across all subjects and the variance from regular ones are transferred to the under-represented ones. This encourages the under-represented distribution to be closer to the regular distribution. Further, an alternating training regimen is proposed to simultaneously achieve less biased classifiers and a more discriminative feature representation. We conduct ablative study to mimic the under-represented datasets by varying the portion of under-represented classes on the MS-Celeb-1M dataset. Advantageous results on LFW, IJB-A and MS-Celeb-1M demonstrate the effectiveness of our feature transfer and training strategy, compared to both general baselines and state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, our feature transfer successfully presents smooth visual interpolation, which conducts disentanglement to preserve identity of a class while augmenting its feature space with non-identity variations such as pose and lighting.
Hexahydrido(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)rhenium, [(C5Me5)ReH6] (1986)

The novel organometallic polyhydride 2, formally a ReVII derivative, is surprisingly formed upon reaction of the ReV complex 1 with LiAlH4 followed by careful methanolysis. Complex 2 has a fluxional structure at room temperature; at lower temperatures, the complex has a rigid, pentagonal-bipyramidal geometry.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (2010)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly infectious viral disease of domestic cloven-hoofed animals, including cattle, swine, goats, and sheep, as well as some species of wild animals. The viral agent, FMD virus (FMDV), is the type species of the Aphthovirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. The major consequence of FMD is a high degree of morbidity, including fever, lameness, and vesicular lesions on the tongue, feet, snout, and teats, but there is generally low mortality in infected animals except when the disease affects the young. Additional research with naturally susceptible animals is necessary to understand the mechanism of immunosuppression FMDV has developed and to identify the viral protein(s) that participates in this process. In addition to the high genetic variation, other mechanisms involving interaction of specific viral proteins or interactions of 5' and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) with cellular targets have been shown to contribute to its virulence. In vitro studies have shown that after FMDV infection of BHK cells several proteins, including poly(A)-binding protein, polypyrimidine tract-binding protein (PTBP), and two subunits of the translation factor eIF3 (eIF3a and -b) undergo proteolytic cleavage. It is hoped that new information obtained from comprehensive viral pathogenesis studies will enable researchers to develop more effective disease control strategies, including induction of rapid protective responses to inhibit or at least limit the spread of this disease.
Variables Associated With Decreasing Pain Among Persons Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (2011)

We found social and HIV-related variables associated with decreasing pain. We failed to show a positive association between analgesic use and decreasing pain.
Contextualized Styling of Images for Web Interfaces using Reinforcement Learning (2022)

Content personalization is one of the foundations of today’s digital marketing. Often the same image needs to be adapted for different design schemes for content that is created for different occasions, geographic locations or other aspects of the target population. We present a novel reinforcement learning (RL) based method for automatically stylizing images to complement the design scheme of media, e.g., interactive websites, apps, or posters. Our approach considers attributes related to the design of the media and adapts the style of the input image to match the context. We do so using a preferential reward system in the RL framework that learns a reward function using human feedback. We conducted several user studies to evaluate our approach and demonstrate that we are able to effectively adapt image styles to different design schemes. In user studies, images stylized through our approach were the most preferred variation across a majority of our experiments. Additionally, we also release a dataset consisting of perceptual associations of web context with the associated image style.
Changing the Online Climate via the Online Students: Effects of Three Curricular Interventions on Online CS Students’ Inclusivity (2021)

Motivation: Although CS Education researchers and practitioners have found ways to improve CS classroom inclusivity, few researchers have considered inclusivity of online CS education. We are interested in two such improvements in online CS education—besides being inclusive to each other, online CS students also need to be able to create inclusive technology. Objectives: We have begun developing a new approach that we term “embedded inclusive design” to address both of these goals. The essence of the approach is to integrate elements of inclusive design education into mainstream CS coursework. This paper presents three curricular interventions we have developed in this approach and empirically investigates their efficacy in online CS post-baccalaureate education. Our research questions were: How do these three curricular interventions affect (RQ1) the climate among online CS students and (RQ2) how online CS students honor the diversity of their users in the tech they create? Method: To answer these research questions, we implemented the curricular interventions in four asynchronous online CS classes across two CS courses within Oregon State University’s Ecampus and conducted an action research study to investigate the impacts. Results: Online CS students who experienced these interventions reported feeling more included in the major than they had before, reported positive impacts on their team dynamics, increased their interest in accommodating diverse users, and created more inclusive technology designs than they had before. Discussion: These results provide encouraging evidence that embedding elements of inclusive design into mainstream CS coursework, via the interventions presented here, can increase both online CS students’ inclusivity toward one another and the inclusivity of the technology these future CS practitioners create.
Digital Nano‐Optics (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Concept of ‘Nano’ in Optics Sub-wavelength Gratings Modeling Sub-wavelength Gratings Engineering Effective Medium Optical Elements Form Birefringence Materials Guided Mode Resonance Gratings Surface Plasmonics Photonic Crystals Optical Metamaterials
Extracellular polymers (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) in reactor liquids of 12 full-scale biogas reactors (2013)

Extracellular polymers (EPS) and soluble microbial products (SMP) in reactor liquids of 12 full-scale biogas reactors
Flow-Through Comb Electroporation Device for Delivery of Macromolecules (2012)

We present a microfluidic electroporation device with a comb electrode layout fabricated in polydimethylsiloxane (PMDS) and glass. Characterization experiments with HeLa cells and fluorescent dextran show efficient delivery (∼95%) with low toxicity (cell viability ∼85%) as well as rapid pore closure after electroporation. The activity of delivered molecules is also verified by silencing RNA (siRNA) studies that demonstrate gene knockdown in GFP expressing cells. This simple, scalable approach to microfluidic, flow-through electroporation could facilitate the integration of electroporation modules within cell analysis devices that perform multiple operations.
Effect of Age on Individual Retinal Layer Thickness in Normal Eyes as Measured With Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2013)

Several macular layers and the peripapillary RNFL thickness showed significant changes correlated with age. This should be taken into consideration when analyzing macular layers and the peripapillary RNFL in SD-OCT studies of retinal diseases and glaucoma.
ENHANCED mRNA EXPRESSION OF THE CHEMOKINE, MCP-1, IN ENDOMYOCARDIAL BIOPSY SPECIMENS FROM PATIENTS WITH ACUTE CARDIAC ALLOGRAFT REJECTION (1998)

180 Chemokines are pro-inflammatory mediators that recruit well-defined leukocyte subsets. It also appears that these molecules may represent major products of activated lymphocytes and that, in addition to chemotaxis, some of them may also regulate the growth, activation, and differentiation of lymphocytes. We sought to investigate the possible role of the chemokine, MCP-1, in acute cardiac allograft rejection. Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were obtained from patients undergoing routine surveillance of allograft rejection following orthotopic heart transplantation. Endomyocardial biopsy specimens were snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -70°C. RNA was extracted using a acid guanidium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform method. Quantification of total RNA was performed by spectrophotometry. Isolated RNA was reverse transcribed. A PCR-ELISA technique was utilized for semi-quantitative determination of the PCR product. The identity of PCR products was verified by DNA sequencing. A total of 25 biopsy specimens were analyzed from 6 different patients (4.2±1.6 biopsies per patient). Biopsies were graded according to the ISHLT classification. The frequency distribution for biopsy grades were: Grade 0, n=13; Grade IA, n=4; Grade IB, n=1; Grade II, n=5; Grade IIIA, n=2; Grade IIIB, n=0; and Grade IV, n=0. Results: Table PCR-ELISA analysis demonstrated a significant (*p<0.05) increase in MCP-1 PCR product from endomyocardial specimens with Grade II rejection as compared to endomyocardial specimens with no evidence of rejection (Grade 0). These data demonstrate that MCP-1 mRNA expression is enhanced during acute cardiac allograft rejection. MCP-1, may therefore be an important chemokine mediator of cardiac allograft rejection. Strategies aimed at inhibiting expression of MCP-1 mRNA, or antagonizing it physiologic actions may therefore prevent or reduce the severity of cardiac allograft rejection.Table
Effect of illlumination on thermionic emission from microfabricated silicon carbide structures (2011)

Microfabricated thermionic emitters form a crucial part of thermionic energy converters, which could find applications in future concentrated solar thermal power plants. Here we report a new stress-relieved design for p-doped and n-doped silicon carbide (SiC) emitters, measurements of their thermionic emission and work functions at temperatures of up to 2900K, and the effect of optical irradiation on both types of SiC emitters. We also report the first observation of the photon-enhanced thermionic emission (PETE) in a thin-film microfabricated emitter.
Phase Transition: Phase Transition Theories (1998)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Experimental Methods and Typical Results Density Metabolemeter High Pressure Investigations Fluctuations and Liquid Crystal Phase Transitions Re-entrant Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals
Hardware Impairments Aware Transceiver Design for Bidirectional\n Full-Duplex MIMO OFDM Systems (2017)

In this paper we address the linear precoding and decoding design problem for\na bidirectional orthogonal frequencydivision multiplexing (OFDM) communication\nsystem, between two multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) full-duplex (FD)\nnodes. The effects of hardware distortion as well as the channel state\ninformation error are taken into account. In the first step, we transform the\navailable time-domain characterization of the hardware distortions for FD MIMO\ntransceivers to the frequency domain, via a linear Fourier transformation. As a\nresult, the explicit impact of hardware inaccuracies on the residual\nselfinterference (RSI) and inter-carrier leakage (ICL) is formulated in\nrelation to the intended transmit/received signals. Afterwards, linear\nprecoding and decoding designs are proposed to enhance the system performance\nfollowing the minimum-mean-squarederror (MMSE) and sum rate maximization\nstrategies, assuming the availability of perfect or erroneous CSI. The proposed\ndesigns are based on the application of alternating optimization over the\nsystem parameters, leading to a necessary convergence. Numerical results\nindicate that the application of a distortionaware design is essential for a\nsystem with a high hardware distortion, or for a system with a low thermal\nnoise variance.\n