gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiproliferative effects of selected marine organisms collected from Red Sea. (2017)

Ten selected marine organisms representing different classes of marine fauna and flora were collected from Saudi Arabia territorial water. They were Antipathes dichotoma, Rumphella sp., Dictoyota dichotoma, Hyrtios erectus, Petrosia sp., Heteroxenia fuscescens, Rumphella aggregata, Sinularia polydactyla, Sarcophyton glaucum, Sarcophyton trocheliophorum. Samples were lyophilized and extracted. Their cytotoxic activity was assessed by determining their IC50's against HepG2, A549 and PC-3 cancer cell lines. The extracts showed variable activities against A549 with IC50 in the range 388.3-0.1µg/mL; HepG2 with IC50 in range 382.5-0.1μg/ml and PC-3 with IC50 in the range 428.6-0.1µg/mL. Dictoyota dichotoma, Hyrtios erectus, Rumphella aggregata and Sarcophyton glaucum exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity. Therefore, their impact on cell cycle was examined by flow cytometry technique. It was concluded that they cause G0/G1, S-phase and G2/M cell cycle arrest.
Food shape and microstructure evaluation with computer vision (1995)

Shape and microstructure are related to physical damage and physical properties of food. Along with the demands of food quality, the automated food shape inspection and the quantitative food microstructure evaluation has become increasingly important. In this study, some image processing and computer vision techniques were developed and applied for food shape and microstructure evaluation.
Food shape inspection using computer vision has been studied for a long time. However, the accuracy and speed are still two major problems. To improve the accuracy of the shape feature extraction, a multi-index active model-based (MAM) feature extractor was developed. Experiments showed that generally the MAM feature extractor was more accurate (5% or more in correct classification rate) than the single-index, statistical, or non-model-based methods. In the classification stage, the backpropagation neural network (BP net) was initially applied for the food shape classification. Then, some minimum indeterminate zone (MIZ) classifiers were developed to speed up the training. The above techniques were tested by inspecting grain kernels, nuts and crackers. The experiments showed that the correct classification rates obtained using the MaxMin MIZ classifier were comparable with those obtained using the BP net. However, when the MaxMin Miz classifier was used, the training times reduced by two to four orders of magnitude.
In the second part of the thesis, microstructure of cheese and milk gel was evaluated. Some two-dimensional (2-D) image processing techniques including curve and image surface complexities were developed for analyzing the microstructural differences of milk gel images from a transmission electron microscope. In addition, some three-dimensional (3-D) image reconstruction and analysis techniques were developed for analyzing cheese microscopic images obtained by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). The 3-D image analysis, in conjunction with 2-D techniques, provided very useful information for evaluating the cheese microstructure.
Network architecture modeling and design (2006)

The network architecture modeling methodology presented here introduces a quantitative measurement of service capital costs for a given architecture. This methodology allows a carrier to compare different network architectures and to clearly identify the dominate cost portions for a service.
OLED Manufacturing Process for Mobile Application (2018)

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is a widely researched technology due to its potential to become a cost-effective and energy-efficient next-generation display. Active matrix OLEDs (AMOLEDs) have exceptional display merits for instance high-resolution, excellent contrast ratio, good image quality, and low power consumption. This chapter discusses the details of current OLED manufacturing process for mobile display application including top-emission micro-cavity device, fine metal mask (FMM) technology for RGB patterning, and encapsulation technologies for OLED displays. OLED manufacturing requires precise process control, which is critical to make a high-resolution RGB color pattern. The chapter illustrates an OLED manufacturing process on glass as well as on the flexible substrates for mobile display application. For the manufacturing of rigid top-emission OLEDs (TEOLED) displays, frit sealing encapsulation is an effective approach to prevent organic materials from the penetration of oxygen and water vapor.
Piezoelectric Materials as Microelectromechanical Devices for Structural Engineering Applications (2002)

Smart systems have recently been used for active control of vibration in structural engineering applications. One class of components often used in these systems includes piezoelectric materials, whose two electromechanical direct and converse effects allow them to play both roles of sensors and actuators. This paper presents the analytical and experimental investigations conducted using piezoelectric materials with polymer concrete as elements of intelligent structures. A piezoelectric film (PVDF) was tested as an embedded stress-strain detector in a polymer concrete beam that was dynamically loaded in axial compression and in flexural configurations. The reliability of the stresses detected via PVDF film was compared with the theoretically predicted values. The results from the comparison are promising, even if some improvements must be adopted in order to apply this technique extensively. Two single-sheet PZT actuators were surface-mounted on a simply supported thin polymer concrete beam. When the beam was transversely excited, oscillations were measured, and they approximately matched predictions by a single-mode Rayleigh-Ritz model under the assumption of Bernoulli-Euler strain distribution.
Explicit CM theory for level 2-structures on abelian surfaces (2011)

For a complex abelian surface A with endomorphism ring isomorphic to the maximal order in a quartic CM field K , the Igusa invariants j 1 (A), j 2 (A), j 3 (A) generate an unramified abelian extension of the reflex field of K .In this paper we give an explicit geometric description of the Galois action of the class group of this reflex field on j 1 (A), j 2 (A), j 3 (A).Our description can be expressed by maps between various Siegel modular varieties, and we can explicitly compute the action for ideals of small norm.We use the Galois action to modify the CRT method for computing Igusa class polynomials, and our run time analysis shows that this yields a significant improvement.Furthermore, we find cycles in isogeny graphs for abelian surfaces, thereby implying that the 'isogeny volcano' algorithm to compute endomorphism rings of ordinary elliptic curves over finite fields does not have a straightforward generalization to computing endomorphism rings of abelian surfaces over finite fields.Gruenewald thanks Microsoft Research, where this research was undertaken, for its hospitality.
Control of the nanopositioning devices (2004)

We present a paradigm which prescribes a procedure for a systematic design, analysis and development of nanopositioning devices. In this effort, we have used many tools from modern control theory to model devices, to quantify device resolution, bandwidth, range, and robustness, and to tackle undesirable nonlinear effects such as hysteresis and creep. The implementation of this procedure for the simultaneous achievement of robustness, high precision, and high bandwidth objectives is presented. Emphasis is placed on the robustness aspects that make the nanopositioner operable in diverse need for tuning that is present paradigm are demonstrated operating conditions thus alleviating the need for tuning that is present in existing designs. The merits of the through experimental results.
Ex vivo assessment of mouse cervical remodeling through pregnancy via 23Na MRS (2010)

Abstract Preterm birth occurs in 12.5% of births in the United States and can lead to risk of infant death or to lifelong serious health complications. A greater understanding by which the two main processes, uterine contraction and cervical remodeling are regulated is required to reduce rates of preterm birth. The cervix must undergo extensive remodeling through pregnancy in preparation for parturition, the process of labor and delivery of young. One key aspect of this dynamic process is a change in the composition and abundance of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteoglycans within the extracellular matrix, which influences the loss of tensile strength or stiffness of the cervix during labor. 23 Na NMR spectroscopy has previously been validated as a method to quantify GAGs in tissues. In the current study, the Na + concentration was measured at several time points through pregnancy in mouse cervices using 23 Na NMR spectroscopy. The Na + concentration increased progressively during pregnancy and peaked one day before birth followed by a rapid decline after birth. The same trend was seen in GAGs as measured by a biochemical assay using independent cervix samples over the course of pregnancy. We suggest that monitoring the Na + concentration via 23 Na NMR spectroscopy can serve as an informative physiological marker in evaluating the stages of cervical remodeling ex vivo and warrants further investigation to determine its utility as a diagnostic tool for the identification of women at risk for impending preterm birth. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Die Rolle von RANTES in der experimentellen murinen Kolitis The influence of RANTES in experimental murine colitis (2007)

Background and Aim: There is a large body of evidence that platelets and chemokines such as RANTES play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Since platelets are a rich source of RANTES and circulate in an activated state in patients with IBD the aim of this study was to examine the role and the cellular source of RANTES in the DSS model of intestinal inflammation. Methods: Different strategies against RANTES were used (anti RANTES antibodies, k/o animals and RANTES-/- -WT chimeras). Clinical parameters, histology and intravital microscopy to asses leukocyte/platelet- endothelial interactions and vascular permeability were employed. Results: Tissue damage following DSS was significantly blunted by all Anti RANTES strategies. Also lack of RANTES in all circulating cells (RANTES-/- -WT chimera) confered significant protection. Increased cellularendothelial adhesion is abrogated and the microvascular permeability is significantly decreased after total or partial ablation of RANTES. Conclusion: Our results clearly show that RANTES plays an important role in the mediation of tissue damage in this model. We are able to demonstrate that vascular permeability and cellular adhesion are regulated by RANTES derived from circulating cells. Our data suggests that RANTES could be a potential target in IBD. Einleitung Bei Patienten mit chronisch entzundlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) zirkulieren Thrombozyten in pathologisch aktiviertem Zustand [1] und vermitteln dadurch nicht nur die Anhaftung von Thrombozyten und Leukozyten aus dem Blut an die Blutgefaswand, sondern setzen zusatzlich Chemokine wie RANTES (regulated upon activation normal T-cell secreted) aus Speichergranula schnell und in lokal hoher Konzentration frei. RANTES ist stark chemotaktisch fur zahlreiche Leukozytenpopulationen und kann in einem sich selbst verstarkenden Regelkreis wiederum Thrombozyten aktivieren [2]. Es war das Ziel dieser Untersuchung, die Rolle von RANTES bei der Vermittlung der Entzundungsreaktion und des daraus folgenden Gewebeschadens im CED-Tierversuchsmodell zu klaren sowie dessen zellulare Herkunft, durch Verwendung transgener (RANTES -/-) Tiere sowie, nach Knochenmarktransplantation chimarer Tiere, aufzudecken. Methodik Bei C57bl/6 Wildtyp (WT) Mausen wurde durch Ersatz des Trinkwassers durch Dextran Sodium Sulphat (DSS) 3 % fur 7 Tage eine akute Kolitis erzeugt. Eine Gruppe erhielt wahrend der DSS Induktion jeden zweiten Tag monoklonale Anti-RANTES Antikorper ip. Des weiteren wurden homozygote RANTES k/o (RANTES -/-) Tiere auf C57bl/6 Hintergrund in gleicher Weise mit DSS behandelt. Durch Knochenmarktransplantation (RANTES -/- in WT) wurden chimare Tiere erzeugt, bei denen alle zirkulierenden Zellen RANTES negativ waren, alle ubrigen Zellen RANTES positiv. Diese Tiere wurden ebenfalls mit DSS 3 % behandelt. Wahrend und am Ende der Induktionsphase wurden alle klinischen Daten (Gewichtsverlauf, Stuhlbeschaffenheit, okkultes Blut im Stuhl) ausgewertet, sowie
Case study of DPI robustness of a MOS-SCR structure for automotive applications (2016)

This paper presents a case study to demonstrate that transient-triggered ESD protection circuits may fail the DPI automotive requirement. A novel scheme is devised to improve the DPI performance of a MOSSCR protection device while maintaining the system-level ESD performance.
Anycast Request Routing for Content Delivery Networks (2014)

This chapter discusses request-routing mechanisms in modern content delivery networks (CDNs), and, in particular, argues for viability of Internet Protocol (IP) anycast as the basis for request routing. IP anycast refers to the ability of the IP routing and forwarding architecture to deliver packets to the closest among a set of possible endpoints. Standalone CDNs, such as Akamai, connect their servers to various ISPs; thus maintaining presence in multiple autonomous systems. A CDN operated by a global ISP can have sufficient footprint while deploying its nodes at various points within the ISP's own autonomous system. The chapter presents a general lightweight IPv6 anycast protocol for communication utilizing connection-oriented transport, and then uses this protocol to design an architecture for an IPv6 CDN based on anycast request routing.
High-Rate Quasi-Cyclic Low-Density Parity-Check Codes Derived From Finite Affine Planes (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper shows that several attractive classes of quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes can be obtained from affine planes over finite fields. One class of these consists of duals of one-generator QC codes. Presented here for codes contained in this class are the exact minimum distance and a lower bound on the multiplicity of the minimum-weight codewords. Further, it is shown that the minimum Hamming distance of a code in this class is equal to its minimum additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) pseudoweight. Also discussed is a class consisting of codes from circulant permutation matrices, and an explicit formula for the rank of the parity-check matrix is presented for these codes. Additionally, it is shown that each of these codes can be identified with a code constructed from a constacyclic maximum distance separable code of dimension <emphasis><formula><tex>$2$</tex></formula></emphasis>. The construction is similar to the derivation of Reed–Solomon (RS)-based LDPC codes presented by Chen <etal/> and Djurdjevic <etal/> Experimental results show that a number of high rate QC-LDPC codes with excellent error performance are contained in these classes. </para>
The roles of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and the innate immune response on the tumorigenicity of human prostate carcinoma cell lines grown in immuno-compromised mice. (2004)

The inability to effectively the innate immune system by encapsulation prevents the survival of small human micro-tumor xenografts. Thus, the complex interactions between tumor cells and TAMs, which are pivotal in tumor biology, are extensively perturbed by "foreign" human tumor cells.
Overview of Morpho Challenge in CLEF 2007 (2007)

Morpho Challenge 2007 contained an evaluation of unsupervised morpheme analysis algorithms using information retrieval experiments utilizing data available in CLEF. The objective of the challenge was to design statistical machine learning algorithms that discover which morphemes (smallest individually meaningful units of language) words consist of. Ideally, these are basic vocabulary units suitable for different tasks, such as text understanding, machine translation, information retrieval, and statistical language modeling The evaluation of the submitted morpheme analysis was performed by two complementary ways: Competition 1: The proposed morpheme analyses were compared to a linguistic morpheme analysis gold standard by matching the morphemesharing word pairs. Competition 2: Information retrieval (IR) experiments were performed, where the words in the documents and queries were replaced by their proposed morpheme representations and the search was based on morphemes instead of words. This paper provides an overview of the IR evaluation. The IR evaluations were provided for Finnish, German, and English and participants were encouraged to apply their algorithm to all of them. The organizers performed the IR experiments using the queries, texts, and relevance judgments available in CLEF forum and morpheme analysis methods submitted by the challenge participants. The results show that the morpheme analysis has a significant effect in IR performance in all languages, and that the performance of the best unsupervised methods can be superior to the supervised reference methods. The challenge was part of the EU Network of Excellence PASCAL Challenge Program and organized in collaboration with CLEF.
Real-time data processes in a balloon-borne apparatus (1992)

In a balloon-borne experiment signals from detectors are processed in a balloon-borne apparatus to fit the data bandwidth of storage devices installed in the apparatus. The process begins at front-end processors receiving signals from detectors and proceeds under successive stages by dedicated processors. Event data are finally fed to a computer bank where the events are further selected before being written into the storage devices. The computer bank is made of transputer modules. The transputers are widely employed and some processors are implemented with the transputers. The integration of the processors is described and the function and implementation of the individual processors are outlined. The authors are planning a series of balloon-borne experiments searching for antiparticles of cosmic origins. Firstly the authors will measure the antiproton flux. Antiprotons need to be identified under the overwhelming background of protons.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An Optimal Sensing Framework Based on Spatial RSS-profile in Cognitive Radio Networks (2009)

In cognitive radio networks (CRNs), regulatory bodies, such as the FCC, enforce an extremely demanding detectability requirement to protect primary users' communications, which can hardly be achieved with one-time sensing using only a single sensor. Most of the previous work focused on either cooperative sensing or sensing scheduling as a viable means to improve the detection performance without studying their interactions. In this paper, we propose an optimal spectrum sensing framework in CRNs that jointly exploits sensors' cooperation and sensing scheduling to meet the desired detection performance with minimum sensing overhead. Specifically, we propose an optimal sensing framework for the IEEE 802.22 wireless regional area networks (WRANs) that directs the base station (BS) to manage spectrum sensing by (i) constructing each primary signal's spatial profile of received signal strengths (RSSs) as a detection criterion, (ii) selecting an optimal set of sensors for cooperative sensing, and (iii) finding an optimal time to stop sensing. This framework will ensure the desired sensing performance of 802.22 with minimum sensing overhead. Our evaluation results show that the proposed sensing algorithms reduce the sensing overhead significantly and lower the feasible operation region of energy detector by 13 dB for practical scenarios.
Reducing out-of-band radiation of OFDM-based cognitive radios (2010)

In an OFDM-based cognitive radio system, mutual interference among the users needs to be managed in order to enable spectrum sharing while protecting the licensed users. However, a conventional OFDM waveform suffers from high out-of-band radiation (OBR) and may cause harmful interference to other users in the system. In this work, we develop a transmit-windowing-based approach that reduces OBR by allowing for a controlled amount of Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI) in the OFDM system. Unlike previous work on transmit windowing, this approach does not require any additional time-frequency resources and shapes the carrier spectrum in a limited and deliberate manner. In particular, we examine the use of Hamming and Hanning transmit-windowed OFDM. The windowing operation at the transmitter consists of simple time-domain multiplications and is implemented in combination with an efficient fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm. We show that transmit-windowed OFDM has the potential to reduce OBR and improve spectral efficiency, and can be considered as an attractive alternative modulation waveform for cognitive radios.
Electrical management of heart failure: from pathophysiology to treatment (2022)

Electrical disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation (AF), dyssynchrony, tachycardia, and premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), are present in most patients with heart failure (HF). While these disturbances may be the consequence of HF, increasing evidence suggests that they may also cause or aggravate HF. Animal studies show that longer-lasting left bundle branch block, tachycardia, AF, and PVCs lead to functional derangements at the organ, cellular, and molecular level. Conversely, electrical treatment may reverse or mitigate HF. Clinical studies have shown the superiority of atrial and pulmonary vein ablation for rhythm control and AV nodal ablation for rate control in AF patients when compared with medical treatment. Ablation of PVCs can also improve left ventricular function. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established adjunct therapy currently undergoing several interesting innovations. The current guideline recommendations reflect the safety and efficacy of these ablation therapies and CRT, but currently, these therapies are heavily underutilized. This review focuses on the electrical treatment of HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We believe that the team of specialists treating an HF patient should incorporate an electrophysiologist in order to achieve a more widespread use of electrical therapies in the management of HFrEF and should also include individual conditions of the patient, such as body size and gender in therapy fine-tuning.
Measured Velocities and Pressure Profile inside a Twin-Fluid Atomizer (2010)

Twin-fluid atomizers with internal mixing features show low energy requirement and small drop sizes compared to internal or orifice flow cross-sections. If the upstream pressure exceeds the critical pressure the mass flow rate becomes independent on the backpressure. The critical mass flow rate and the pressure drop inside the nozzles are measured for different operating parameters, like the liquid to gas mass flow rate ratio, properties of the liquid phase (density, viscosity and surface tension), the nozzle geometry and the installation of different inserts. The resulting flow conditions and pressure profiles are compared with established models. Drop size data are recorded with a laser diffraction analyzer (LDA) and are also presented for selected geometries.
Poly(phosphoester) Colloids by Interfacial Polycondensation in Miniemulsion (2016)

Size matters: the interface of nanodroplets in an inverse miniemulsion is used to produce polyphosphate nanocapsules by interfacial polycondensation. Phosphorus acts as a probe for 31P NMR spectroscopy to compare the polycondensation at the nanoscopic droplet with macroscopic interfaces proving less unwanted hydrolysis in miniemulsion by 1H–31P 2D-heteronuclear multiple bond correlation spectra.