gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reflectance field rendering of human faces for "Spider-Man 2" (2005)

The creation of convincing computer generated human faces which can withstand close-up scrutiny under arbitrary lighting has been notoriously difficult to achieve, especially for well known actors. For the film "Spider-Man 2" it was decided to try recent experimental computer graphics research that looked promising but that had never been production tested.
AdaMix: Mixture-of-Adaptations for Parameter-efficient Model Tuning (2022)

Yaqing Wang, Sahaj Agarwal, Subhabrata Mukherjee, Xiaodong Liu, Jing Gao, Ahmed Hassan Awadallah, Jianfeng Gao. Proceedings of the 2022 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. 2022.
ELODI: Ensemble Logit Difference Inhibition for Positive-Congruent Training (2022)

Negative flips are errors introduced in a classification system when a legacy model is updated. Existing methods to reduce the negative flip rate (NFR) either do so at the expense of overall accuracy by forcing a new model to imitate the old models, or use ensembles, which multiply inference cost prohibitively. We analyze the role of ensembles in reducing NFR and observe that they remove negative flips that are typically not close to the decision boundary, but often exhibit large deviations in the distance among their logits. Based on the observation, we present a method, called Ensemble Logit Difference Inhibition (ELODI), to train a classification system that achieves paragon performance in both error rate and NFR, at the inference cost of a single model. The method distills a homogeneous ensemble to a single student model which is used to update the classification system. ELODI also introduces a generalized distillation objective, Logit Difference Inhibition (LDI), which only penalizes the logit difference of a subset of classes with the highest logit values. On multiple image classification benchmarks, model updates with ELODI demonstrate superior accuracy retention and NFR reduction.
Two-Factor Authentication Resilient to Server Compromise Using Mix-Bandwidth Devices (2014)

Two-factor authentication (TFA), enabled by hardware tokens and personal devices, is gaining momentum. The security of TFA schemes relies upon a human-memorable password p drawn from some implicit dictionary D and a t-bit device-generated one-time PIN z. Compared to password-only authentication, TFA reduces the probability of adversary’s online guessing attack to 1/(|D| ∗ 2) (and to 1/2 if the password p is leaked). However, known TFA schemes do not improve security in the face of offline dictionary attacks, because an adversary who compromises the service and learns a (salted) password hash can still recover the password with O(|D|) amount of effort. This password might be reused by the user at another site employing password-only authentication. We present a suite of efficient novel TFA protocols which improve upon password-only authentication by a factor of 2 with regards to both the online guessing attack and the offline dictionary attack. To argue the security of the presented protocols, we first provide a formal treatment of TFA schemes in general. The TFA protocols we present enable utilization of devices that are connected to the client over several channel types, formed using manual PIN entry, visual QR code capture, wireless communication (Bluetooth or WiFi), and combinations thereof. Utilizing these various communication settings we design, implement, and evaluate the performance of 13 different TFA mechanisms, and we analyze them with respect to security, usability (manual effort needed beyond typing a password), and deployability (need for additional hardware or software), showing consistent advantages over known TFA schemes.
Aérgia (2010)

Traditional Network-on-Chips (NoCs) employ simple arbitration strategies, such as round-robin or oldest-first, to decide which packets should be prioritized in the network. This is counter-intuitive since different packets can have very different effects on system performance due to, e.g., different level of memory-level parallelism (MLP) of applications. Certain packets may be performance-critical because they cause the processor to stall, whereas others may be delayed for a number of cycles with no effect on application-level performance as their latencies are hidden by other outstanding packets'latencies. In this paper, we define slack as a key measure that characterizes the relative importance of a packet. Specifically, the slack of a packet is the number of cycles the packet can be delayed in the network with no effect on execution time. This paper proposes new router prioritization policies that exploit the available slack of interfering packets in order to accelerate performance-critical packets and thus improve overall system performance. When two packets interfere with each other in a router, the packet with the lower slack value is prioritized. We describe mechanisms to estimate slack, prevent starvation, and combine slack-based prioritization with other recently proposed application-aware prioritization mechanisms.
Detection of Listeria Monocytogenes Using an Automated Fiber-Optic Biosensor: RAPTOR (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Wafer Scale Processing of Plasmonic Nanoslit Arrays in 200mm CMOS Fab Environment (2013)

Plasmonic nanoslits have great potential for single molecule applications. We report a wafer scale process for these structures using process steps compatible with a standard CMOS fab environment. This process allows a large scale fabrication of designed nanoslits with extremely small gap sizes and lengths tuned to exhibit optical resonances. Moreover, adjacent grating nano-antennas were successfully implemented, generating strong and localized electric fields in the nanoslit. These slits have practical applications in surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based molecular sensing and plasmonic tweezers.
Accelerated Aging of Tires, Part II (2005)

Abstract The purpose of this research is to determine the conditions whereby a new tire can be artificially aged in an accelerated manner, in order to duplicate the actual mechanism of chemical aging observed in field-aged tires. The ultimate goal of the study is to age tires to a desired level, say equivalent to 4 years old, and then test the tires in various durability, high speed and performance tests. The first step was to determine the aging characteristics of field-aged tires, which has been the subject of another paper. For this work, tires were statically aged in ovens. Tires were mounted, inflated, then oven aged continuously at temperatures ranging from 40 °C to 100 °C for various periods of times (from 2 weeks to 12 weeks). Both air and a 50/50 blend of N 2 /O 2 were used as the inflation media. The tires were then dissected and analyzed for tensile and elongation properties of the rubber at the end of the steel belts. The results show that as the temperature was increased from 40 °C to 70 °C, the property degradation of the steel belt rubber accelerated. Shift factors were determined based on time-temperature superposition and the results analyzed by using the Arrhenius methodology. The oven results were similar to the field data, meaning the chemical aging mechanism was the same for both. As the oven temperature increased above 70 °C, degradation reactions began to dominate and the apparent aging mechanism changed.
Hysteresis in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Requires Assembly of Near-Perfect Capsids (2022)

The hepatitis B virus (HBV) must release its contents to initiate infection, making capsid disassembly critical to the viral life cycle. Capsid assembly proceeds through a cascade of weak interactions between copies of capsid protein (Cp) to yield uniform particles. However, there is a hysteresis to capsid dissociation that allows capsids to persist under conditions where they could not assemble. In this study, we have sought to define the basis of hysteresis by examining urea-induced dissociation of <i>in vitro</i>-assembled HBV capsids. In general, capsid samples show a mixture of two pools, differentiated by stability. Labile capsid dissociation corresponds to an ∼5 μM pseudocritical concentration of assembly (pcc), the same as that observed in assembly reactions. Dissociation of the stable pool corresponds to a subfemtomolar pcc, indicative of hysteresis. The fraction of stable capsids in an assembly reaction increases with the integrity of the Cp preparation and when association is performed at a higher ionic strength, which modifies the Cp conformation. Labile complexes are more prevalent when assembly conditions yield many kinetically trapped (incomplete and overgrown) products. Cp isolated from stable capsids reassembles into a mixture of stable and labile capsids. These results suggest that hysteresis arises from an ideal capsid lattice, even when some of the substituents in that lattice have defects. Consistent with structural studies that show a subtle difference between Cp dimers and Cp in capsid, we propose that hysteresis arises when HBV capsids undergo a lattice-dependent structural transition.
<title>Computerized Fluoroscopy Techniques For Non-Invasive Cardiovascular Imaging</title> (1978)

A number of methods for visualizing the cardiovascular system of dogs and humans in real time have been developed and are grouped under the heading computerized fluoroscopy. Such techniques provide images capable of high contrast sensitivity and moderate spatial resolution (~ 1 mm). A standard image intensifier - television chain used in connection with a Lpecially constructed digital video image processor (V.I.P.) is capable of producing contrast enhanced difference images at rates up to 60/second. Such difference images can isolate small concentrations of iodine which have been administered intravenously through peripheral veins. Such non-invasive techniques have been used to visualize: 1) The carotid arteries and fine structures in dogs and humans at typical rates of 2 per second, and 2) the heart chambers of both dogs and humans at typical display rates of 15-60 per second. For such studies 0.6-1.0 gms (Iodine)/kg (body mass) have provided excellent visualization of the cardiac chamber dynamics.
Health effects of micronutrient fortified dairy products and cereal food for children and adolescents: A systematic review (2019)

The study protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 26 May 2016 (registration number CRD42016039554).
Surface-Damage-Induced Threading Dislocations in 6H-SiC Layers Grown by Physical Vapor Transport (2003)

Several characteristic features of surface-damage-related threading dislocations in SiC epitaxial layers have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. Most of the observed threading dislocations are perfect-edge type with line direction along [0001] and Burgers vector of The edge dislocations are arranged in form of cellular structures with cell walls aligned preferentially along 〈1-100〉 directions. Some small isolated cells were also observed in the areas of lower dislocation density. The density of elementary screw dislocations in the overgrowth was approximately and is about two orders of magnitude lower than the edge dislocation density. The screw dislocations appeared in pairs with the opposite sign of Burgers vectors separated by about 0.3 μm. The formation of threading dislocations is associated with the subsurface damages caused by plastic deformation during the mechanical polishing process. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Unobtrusive Estimation of Cardiovascular Parameters with Limb Ballistocardiography (2019)

This study investigates the potential of the limb ballistocardiogram (BCG) for unobtrusive estimation of cardiovascular (CV) parameters. In conjunction with the reference CV parameters (including diastolic, pulse, and systolic pressures, stroke volume, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance), an upper-limb BCG based on an accelerometer embedded in a wearable armband and a lower-limb BCG based on a strain gauge embedded in a weighing scale were instrumented simultaneously with a finger photoplethysmogram (PPG). To standardize the analysis, the more convenient yet unconventional armband BCG was transformed into the more conventional weighing scale BCG (called the synthetic weighing scale BCG) using a signal processing procedure. The characteristic features were extracted from these BCG and PPG waveforms in the form of wave-to-wave time intervals, wave amplitudes, and wave-to-wave amplitudes. Then, the relationship between the characteristic features associated with (i) the weighing scale BCG-PPG pair and (ii) the synthetic weighing scale BCG-PPG pair versus the CV parameters, was analyzed using the multivariate linear regression analysis. The results indicated that each of the CV parameters of interest may be accurately estimated by a combination of as few as two characteristic features in the upper-limb or lower-limb BCG, and also that the characteristic features recruited for the CV parameters were to a large extent relevant according to the physiological mechanism underlying the BCG.
Osteotomy of the head of the radius for partial articular malunion (2009)

Between 1995 and 2006, five intra-articular osteotomies of the head of the radius were performed in patients with symptomatic healed displaced articular fractures. Pre-operatively, all patients complained of persistent painful clicking on movement. Only patients with mild or no degenerative changes of the radial head and capitellum were considered for osteotomy. The operations were performed at a mean of 8.2 months (4 to 13) after injury and the patients were reviewed at a mean of 5.5 years (15 months to 12 years) after the osteotomy. The average Mayo Elbow Performance Index Score improved significantly from 74 before to 88 after operation, with four patients rated as good or excellent (p < 0.05). The subjective patient satisfaction score was 8.4 on a ten-point scale. All osteotomies healed and there were no complications. In this small series intra-articular osteotomy of the head of the radius was a safe and effective treatment for symptomatic intra-articular malunion without advanced degenerative changes.
Tissue clearing techniques for three‐dimensional optical imaging of intact human prostate and correlations with multi‐parametric MRI (2021)

This Erratum corrects https://doi.org/10.1002/pros.24129 which was published in The Prostate 81(12): 521–29. When the article was first published online the authors Cipollari and Jamshidi were not marked as the co-first authors. This has now been included in the article. This correction does not affect the conclusions in the rest of the paper.
Folded‐end dipole transceiver array for human whole‐brain imaging at 7 T (2021)

The advancement of clinical applications of ultrahigh field (UHF) MRI depends heavily on advances in technology, including the development of new radiofrequency (RF) coil designs. Currently, the number of commercially available 7 T head RF coils is rather limited, implying a need to develop novel RF head coil designs that offer superior transmit and receive performance. RF coils to be used for clinical applications must be robust and reliable. In particular, for transmit arrays, if a transmit channel fails the local specific absorption rate may increase, significantly increasing local tissue heating. Recently, dipole antennas have been proposed and used to design UHF head transmit and receive arrays. The dipole provides a unique simplicity while offering comparable transmit efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio with the conventional loop design. Recently, we developed a novel array design in our laboratory using a folded-end dipole antenna. In this work, we developed, constructed and evaluated an eight-element transceiver bent folded-end dipole array for human head imaging at 7 T. Driven in the quadrature circularly polarized mode, the array demonstrated more than 20% higher transmit efficiency and significantly better whole-brain coverage than that provided by a widely used commercial array. In addition, we evaluated passive dipole antennas for decoupling the proposed array. We demonstrated that in contrast to the common unfolded dipole array, the passive dipoles moved away from the sample not only minimize coupling between the adjacent folded-end active dipoles but also produce practically no destructive interference with the quadrature mode of the array.
Original Fuel‐Cell Membranes from Crosslinked Terpolymers via a “Sol–gel” Strategy (2010)

Abstract Hybrid organic/inorganic membranes that include a functionalized (‐SO 3 H), interconnected silica network, a non‐porogenic organic matrix, and a ‐SO 3 H‐functionalized terpolymer are synthesized through a sol–gel‐based strategy. The use of a novel crosslinkable poly(vinylidene fluoride‐ ter ‐perfluoro(4‐methyl‐3,6‐dioxaoct‐7‐ene sulfonyl fluoride)‐ ter ‐vinyltriethoxysilane) (poly(VDF‐ ter ‐PFSVE‐ ter ‐VTEOS)) terpolymer allows a multiple tuning of the different interfaces to produce original hybrid membranes with improved properties. The synthesized terpolymer and the composite membranes are characterized, and the proton conductivity of a hybrid membrane in the absence of the terpolymer is promising, since 8 mS cm −1 is reached at room temperature, immersed in water, with an experimental ion‐exchange‐capacity (IEC exp ) value of 0.4 meq g −1 . Furthermore, when the composite membranes contain the interfaced terpolymer, they exhibit both a higher proton conductivity (43 mS cm −1 at 65 °C under 100% relative humidity) and better stability than the standard hybrid membrane, arising from the occurrence of a better interface between the inorganic silica and the poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐ co ‐hexafluoropropylene] (poly(VDF‐ co ‐HFP)) copolymer network. Accordingly, the hybrid SiO 2 ‐SO 3 H/terpolymer/poly(VDF‐ co ‐HFP) copolymer membrane has potential use as an electrolyte in a polymer‐electrolyte‐membrane fuel cell operating at intermediate temperatures.
Measurement of back end of line thermal resistance for 3D chip stacks (2013)

The thermal resistances of thirty-nine different back end of line (BEOL) test sites consisting of four line levels and three via levels in SiCOH were measured. The measured unit resistance values ranged from 0.5 to 5.5 C-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /W. The percent via area was varied from 0.31 to 6.25 %, the percent line area from 17 to 67%, the configuration of the vias, the distance between vias, and the line and via pitch were also varied. The measured values were compared to results from an internally developed electromagnetic simulation tool, ChipJoule. Comparison of the simulations with measured values validated the ChipJoule tool, which can be used to simulate full BEOL structures using mask design data.
Request queues for interactive clients in a shared file system of a parallel computing system (2023)

Interactive requests are processed from users of log-in nodes. A metadata server node is provided for use in a file system shared by one or more interactive nodes and one or more batch nodes. The interactive nodes comprise interactive clients to execute interactive tasks and the batch nodes execute batch jobs for one or more batch clients. The metadata server node comprises a virtual machine monitor; an interactive client proxy to store metadata requests from the interactive clients in an interactive client queue; a batch client proxy to store metadata requests from the batch clients in a batch client queue; and a metadata server to store the metadata requests from the interactive client queue and the batch client queue in a metadata queue based on an allocation of resources by the virtual machine monitor. The metadata requests can be prioritized, for example, based on one or more of a predefined policy and predefined rules.
Radial Patterns in Mesoporous Silica (1999)

The morphogenesis of mesoporous silica shapes is thought to be initiated by topological defects in a hexagonal silica liquid crystal (LC). The authors show that application of the classical theory of elasticity for LCs to a hexagonal silicate mesophase containing a 2π line disclination defect leads to the emergence of radial patterns (see Figure) that bear a striking resemblance to those observed experimentally.
Modeling and validation of evaluation method on IC chip pick-up performance of dicing/die bonding tape (2010)

A method to evaluate pick-up performance of dicing/die bonding tapes has been developed numerically and experimentally. In the pick-up process, IC chip with adhesive film is peeled off the base material, by pushing the backside of the base material with protruding needles. As the result of peel test and pick-up test, there were two types of pick-up behaviors correlated to the peeling behaviors. The peel force of one type decreased as the peel speed increased, and the peel initiation was critical in the pick-up test. In the evaluation method, the minimum needle displacement of peel initiation was estimated by the shear stress around protruding needles. The peel force of other type increased as the peel speed increased, and the peel propagation was critical in the pick-up test. In the evaluation method, the peel energy was calculated from the peel force. The finite element method was applied to calculate the energy release rate of the pick-up process for various peel lengths. The minimum needle displacement to complete the peel propagation was estimated by comparing the peel energy and the energy release rate. The predicted minimum needle displacements in both cases were in good agreement with the experimental results.
Photovoltaic performance of CdS/CdTe junctions on ZnO nanorod arrays (2017)

One-dimensional nanostructures, such as nanorod (NR) arrays, are expected to improve the photovoltaic (PV) response of solar cells with an ultrathin absorber due to an increased areal (junction) density and light trapping. We report on the deposition of CdS and CdTe:As semiconductor thin films on ZnO NR arrays by means of metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD). The change in optical properties of the ZnO NRs upon the growth of CdS shell was monitored and compared to the simulated data, which confirmed the presence of strong light scattering effects in the visible and near infrared regions. The PV performance of nanostructured vs. planar CdS/CdTe solar cells (grown using the material from the same MOCVD run) showed similar conversion efficiencies (~ 4%), despite the current density being lower for the nanostructured cell due to its thicker CdS window. A clear improvement in the quantum efficiency was however observed in the near infrared region, resulting from the light trapping by the ZnO/CdS core-shell NR structure. We also showed that reduction of surface defects and use of high absorber carrier density would boost the efficiency beyond that of planar CdTe solar cells. The reported device performance and the direct observation of light trapping are promising towards optimisation of extremely-thin-absorber CdTe PV devices.