gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Array technology for acoustic wave field analysis in enclosures (1997)

A method is proposed to calculate and measure impulse responses in an enclosure along closely spaced receiver arrays. Hence, instead of using a sparse distribution of receiver positions with single microphones, as is common practice now, arrays of microphones are applied to register the complex sound fields within enclosures. This way, there is a strong spatial correlation between adjacent responses, enabling one to analyze individual reflected wavefronts. It is shown that visualization of the recorded data in a two-dimensional domain, defined by detector position and travel time, gives a significantly improved insight in the structure of complex sound fields. This insight is further increased by applying the linear Radon transform (plane wave decomposition), yielding a representation of the data in the so-called ray parameter versus intercept time domain.
Bioactivities in the tamarind seed extracts: A preliminary study (2018)

Stress is a state that triggers change in normal physiology and recognized by human body and brain as an unfavorable event causing concern, worry or anxiety. It may vary from physical, metabolic, physiological or emotional often culminating into wide range of ailments that may range from common cold, decline in functional efficacy of body systems or even cancer. Skin is the largest tissue of the body and makes the first interface with the environment. Skin color and characteristics are highly influenced by environment stress. A variety of natural compounds have been used for anti-stress and disease preventive potentials in worldwide traditional home medicine systems. They have recently attracted attention in research laboratories to dissect their mode of action to promote safe and economic drug development. We have earlier identified anti-stress and anti-aging activities in Withania somnifera, Helicteres angustifolia and honeybee propolis using human cultured normal and cancer cells. In the present study, we explored the effect of tamarind seed extracts prepared in water or 95% ethanol. In cell-based assays, we found that the extracts were safe to use in viable cells (in the range of 0.01-1.0%, for at least 4 weeks). Consistently, molecular studies revealed no effect on the expression/activity of cancer promoting proteins. We recruited oxidative stress models, such as, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ultraviolet radiation (UV) and diacylglycerol 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG). Investigation on anti-stress potential of the extracts revealed that they do not offer remarkable protection against stress caused by either H2O2 or UV, however, significantly compromised OAG-induced melanogenesis. The preliminary data warrant further investigations on the active components and mechanism of action to develop useful natural compounds/extracts for manipulation of melanogenesis that plays important role in response of cells to UV and its consequences including DNA damage, oxidative stress and related diseases.
Generative-Discriminative Feature Representations for Open-Set Recognition (2020)

We address the problem of open-set recognition, where the goal is to determine if a given sample belongs to one of the classes used for training a model (known classes). The main challenge in open-set recognition is to disentangle open-set samples that produce high class activations from known-set samples. We propose two techniques to force class activations of open-set samples to be low. First, we train a generative model for all known classes and then augment the input with the representation obtained from the generative model to learn a classifier. This network learns to associate high classification probabilities both when image content is from the correct class as well as when the input and the reconstructed image are consistent with each other. Second, we use self-supervision to force the network to learn more informative featues when assigning class scores to improve separation of classes from each other and from open-set samples. We evaluate the performance of the proposed method with recent open-set recognition works across three datasets, where we obtain state-of-the-art results.
Constraint-Based Design of Parallel Kinematic XY Flexure Mechanisms (2006)

This paper presents parallel kinematic XY flexure mechanism designs based on systematic constraint patterns that allow large ranges of motion without causing over-constraint or significant error motions. Key performance characteristics of XY mechanisms such as mobility, cross-axis coupling, parasitic errors, actuator isolation, drive stiffness, lost motion, and geometric sensitivity, are discussed. The standard double parallelogram flexure module is used as a constraint building-block and its nonlinear force-displacement characteristics are employed in analytically predicting the performance characteristics of two proposed XY flexure mechanism designs. Fundamental performance tradeoffs, including those resulting from the nonlinear load-stiffening and elastokinematic effects, in flexure mechanisms are highlighted. Comparisons between closed-form linear and nonlinear analyses are presented to emphasize the inadequacy of the former. It is shown that geometric symmetry in the constraint arrangement relaxes some of the design tradeoffs, resulting in improved performance. The nonlinear analytical predictions are validated by means of computational finite element analysis and experimental measurements.
Tables of Glycosidase Inhibitors with Nitrogen in the Sugar Ring and Their Inhibitory Activities: Section 8 (1998)

This appendix contains section titled: Quinolizidines
The Relationship of Intraocular Pressure with Age, Systolic Blood Pressure, and Central Corneal Thickness in an Asian Population (2009)

Age, CCT and sBP are significant determinants of IOP in persons aged 40 to 80 years, with CCT being a more important determinant in younger persons. The opposing effects of age-specific changes in sBP and CCT interact to lead to a relatively flat profile of IOP with age, possibly with a subtle inverted U-shaped relationship.
δ-Opioid Receptor Activation Modified MicroRNA Expression in the Rat Kidney under Prolonged Hypoxia (2013)

Hypoxic/ischemic injury to kidney is a frequently encountered clinical problem with limited therapeutic options. Since microRNAs are differentially involved in hypoxic/ischemic events and δ-opioid receptor (DOR) activation is known to protect against hypoxic/ischemic injury, we speculated on the involvement of DOR activation in altering the microRNA (miRNA) expression in kidney under hypoxic condition. We selected 31 miRNAs based on microarray data for quantitative PCR analysis. Among them, 14 miRNAs were significantly altered after prolonged hypoxia, DOR activation or a combination of both. We found that 1) DOR activation alters miRNA expression profiles in normoxic conditions; 2) hypoxia differentially alters miRNA expression depending on the duration of hypoxia; and 3) DOR activation can modify hypoxia-induced changes in miRNA expression. For example, 10-day hypoxia reduced the level of miR-212 by over 70%, while DOR activation could mimic such reduction even in normoxic kidney. In contrast, the same stress increased miR-29a by >100%, which was reversed following DOR activation. These first data suggest that hypoxia comprehensively modifies the miRNA profile within the kidney, which can be mimicked or modified by DOR activation. Ascertaining the targeted pathways that regulate the diverse cellular and molecular functions of miRNA may provide new insights into potential therapies for hypoxic/ischemic injury of the kidney.
Amorphous oxide alloys as interfacial layers with broadly tunable electronic structures for organic photovoltaic cells (2015)

In diverse classes of organic optoelectronic devices, controlling charge injection, extraction, and blocking across organic semiconductor-inorganic electrode interfaces is crucial for enhancing quantum efficiency and output voltage. To this end, the strategy of inserting engineered interfacial layers (IFLs) between electrical contacts and organic semiconductors has significantly advanced organic light-emitting diode and organic thin film transistor performance. For organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, an electronically flexible IFL design strategy to incrementally tune energy level matching between the inorganic electrode system and the organic photoactive components without varying the surface chemistry would permit OPV cells to adapt to ever-changing generations of photoactive materials. Here we report the implementation of chemically/environmentally robust, low-temperature solution-processed amorphous transparent semiconducting oxide alloys, In-Ga-O and Ga-Zn-Sn-O, as IFLs for inverted OPVs. Continuous variation of the IFL compositions tunes the conduction band minima over a broad range, affording optimized OPV power conversion efficiencies for multiple classes of organic active layer materials and establishing clear correlations between IFL/photoactive layer energetics and device performance.
YIPF2 is a novel Rab-GDF that enhances HCC malignant phenotypes by facilitating CD147 endocytic recycle (2019)

An increased surface level of CIE (clathrin-independent endocytosis) proteins is a new feature of malignant neoplasms. CD147 is a CIE glycoprotein highly up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The ability to sort out the early endosome and directly target the recycling pathway confers on CD147 a prolonged surface half-life. However, current knowledge on CD147 trafficking to and from the cell-surface is limited. In this study, an MSP (membrane and secreted protein)-cDNA library was screened against EpoR/LR-F3/CD147EP-expressed cells by MAPPIT (mammalian protein-protein interaction trap). CD147 co-expressing with the new binder was investigated by GEPIA (gene expression profiling interactive analysis). The endocytosis, ER-Golgi trafficking and recycling of CD147 were measured by confocal imaging, flow cytometry, and biotin-labeled chase assays, respectively. Rab GTPase activation was checked by GST-RBD pull-down and MMP activity was measured by gelatin zymography. HCC malignant phenotypes were determined by cell adhesion, proliferation, migration, Transwell motility, and invasion assays. An ER-Golgi-resident transmembrane protein YIPF2 was identified as an intracellular binder to CD147. YIPF2 correlated and co-expressed with CD147, which is a survival predictor for HCC patients. YIPF2 is critical for CD147 glycosylation and trafficking functions in HCC cells. YIPF2 acts as a Rab-GDF (GDI-displacement factor) regulating three independent trafficking steps. First, YIPF2 recruits and activates Rab5 and Rab22a GTPases to the endomembrane structures. Second, YIPF2 modulates the endocytic recycling of CD147 through distinctive regulation on Rab5 and Rab22a. Third, YIPF2 mediates the mature processing of CD147 via the ER-Golgi trafficking route. Decreased YIPF2 expression induced a CD147 efficient delivery to the cell-surface, promoted MMP secretion, and enhanced the adhesion, motility, migration, and invasion behaviors of HCC cells. Thus, YIPF2 is a new trafficking determinant essential for CD147 glycosylation and transport. Our findings revealed a novel YIPF2-controlled ER-Golgi trafficking signature that promotes CD147-medated malignant phenotypes in HCC.
Motion copying system based on real-world haptics (2008)

Recently, motion copying technologies are important elements in order to succeed production engineering of expert engineers. The paper proposes a novel motion copying system. The motion copying system consists of a motion saving system and motion loading system. The motion saving system saves motion of human operator by bilateral controller using a quarry matrix. On the contrary, the motion loading system is realized by virtual-world master system and real-world slave system. The motion loading system operates according to saved position and force information, and reproduces saved motion. The proposed method realizes that the reproduced position and force corresponds to saved position and force data. The paper confirms that the motion saving system and motion loading system normally operates. The motion copying system achieves copy of motion of human operator.
Nondestructive Evaluation (2018)

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) inspection schemes are important in design, manufacturing, and maintenance. By correctly applying techniques of NDE, we can reduce machine and system failures and increase reliability of operating systems over an extended lifetime. Nondestructive Evaluation: A Tool in Design, Manufacturing, and Service introduces and discusses primary techniques used in the field, including ultrasonics, acoustic emission, magnetics, radiography, penetrants, and eddy currents. Examples of each of these techniques are included, demonstrating typical applications.
Exploiting Interactions among Polymorphisms Contributing to Complex Disease Traits with Boosted Generative Modeling (2006)

Although there has been great success in identifying disease genes for simple, monogenic Mendelian traits, deciphering the genetic mechanisms involved in complex diseases remains challenging. One major approach is to identify configurations of interacting factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that confer susceptibility to disease. Traditional methods, such as the multiple dimensional reduction method and the combinatorial partitioning method, provide good tools to decipher such interactions amid a disease population with a single genetic cause. However, these traditional methods have not managed to resolve the issue of genetic heterogeneity, which is believed to be a very common phenomenon in complex diseases. There is rarely prior knowledge of the genetic heterogeneity of a disease, and traditional methods based on estimation over the entire population are unlikely to succeed in the presence of heterogeneity. We present a novel Boosted Generative Modeling (BGM) approach for structure-model the interactions leading to diseases in the context of genetic heterogeneity. Our BGM method bridges the ensemble and generative modeling approaches to genetic association studies under a case-control design. Generative modeling is employed to model the interaction network configuration and the causal relationships, while boosting is used to address the genetic heterogeneity problem. We perform our method on simulation data of complex diseases. The results indicate that our method is capable of modeling the structure of interaction networks among disease-susceptible loci and of addressing genetic heterogeneity issues where the traditional methods, such as multiple dimensional reduction method, fail to apply. Our BGM method provides an exploratory tool that identifies the variables (e.g., disease-susceptible loci) that are likely to correlate and contribute to the disease.
Electrophoretic screening of ligands under suppressed EOF with an inert phospholipid coating (2007)

The applicability of dual injection CE for affinity selection of biopolymers that contain multiple binding sites is demonstrated. The efficient analysis of biomolecules such as carbohydrates and proteins, as well as pharmaceuticals by CE requires the reduction or elimination of nonspecific interactions with the capillary surface. Phospholipids are integral components of cell membranes and aqueous phospholipid liquid crystals adopt a bilayer structure on fused-silica. This phospholipid surface does not interact significantly with the following biomolecules: serum albumin, the 96-110 heparin binding domain of amyloid precursor protein (APP), polydisperse glycosaminoglycans, and variable chain-length oligosaccharides. Pharmaceuticals including five anionic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, three cationic analgesics, and two cationic beta-blockers, also show minimal interaction with the surface. In addition, the use of a phospholipid coating suppresses EOF, which enables reversed-polarity separations, dual opposite injection CE, affinity screening via CE by dual opposite injection, and serial target-ligand injections.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Pharmacological Inhibition of the Protein Kinase MRK/ZAK Radiosensitizes Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Radiosensitization of mammary carcinoma cells by M443.&lt;/p&gt;
Late prednisone withdrawal in cyclosporine-treated kidney transplant patients (1997)

Prednisone in combination with cyclosporine and/or azathioprine is commonly used after kidney transplantation to prevent graft rejection. Long-term use of prednisone can give rise to multiple side effects and morbidity. This randomized study was conducted to find out if prednisone could be withdrawn in recipients at least 1 yr after kidney transplantation. Eighty-four such recipients of a cadaveric kidney with stable renal function on cyclosporine and prednisone were randomized to continue prednisone (N = 42) or to withdraw prednisone in a 2-month period (N = 42). The main end point was the percentage of successful prednisone withdrawal. Both groups were compared for the incidence of infections and cardiovascular risk factors and for the incidence and cause of deterioration of renal function. All patients had a 14-month follow-up. In 67% (N = 28) of the patients, prednisone could be withdrawn successfully. Acute rejection was the main cause of withdrawal failure (N = 11, 26%). No grafts were lost due to rejection. In the prednisone withdrawal group, a tendency was noted for a lower incidence of infections (difference: 17%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -4% to 37%). After withdrawal, less antihypertensive drugs were necessary to control hypertension (difference: 0.5 drugs/patient; 95% CI: -0.9 to -0.1) and 35% less patients (23 of 41 versus nine of 42) needed cholesterol-lowering drugs (95% CI: -54% to -15%). A reduction of the frequency of patients with Type II diabetes mellitus was found (difference 10%; 95% CI: -24% to 5%) with a decrease of glycosylated hemoglobin (difference: 0.4 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.1 to 0.8). Disappearance of moonface was found in 25% of the patients. Elective withdrawal of prednisone > 1 yr after postmortal kidney transplantation can be accomplished safely provided that patients are controlled frequently. Beneficial effects were found regarding hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hyperglycemia, and appearance.
Waist circumference, waist–hip ratio and body mass index and their correlation with cardiovascular disease risk factors in Australian adults (2003)

Abstract. Objectives. To compare body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and waist–hip ratio (WHR) as indices of obesity and assess the respective associations with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidaemia. Design and setting. A national sample of 11 247 Australians aged ≥25 years was examined in 2000 in a cross‐sectional survey. Main outcome measures. The examination included a fasting blood sample, standard 2‐h 75‐g oral glucose tolerance test, blood pressure measurements and questionnaires to assess treatment for dyslipidaemia and hypertension. BMI, waist circumference and WHR were measured to assess overweight and obesity. Results. The prevalence of obesity amongst Australian adults defined by BMI, waist circumference and WHR was 20.8, 30.5 and 15.8% respectively. The unadjusted odds ratio for the fourth vs. first quartile of each obesity measurement showed that WHR had the strongest relationship with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia (women only) and hypertension. Following adjustment for age, however, there was little difference between the three measures of obesity, with the possible exceptions of hypertension in women, where BMI had a stronger association, and dyslipidaemia in women and type 2 diabetes in men, where WHR was marginally superior. Conclusions. Waist circumference, BMI and WHR identified different proportions of the population, as measured by both prevalence of obesity and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Whilst WHR had the strongest correlations with CVD risk factors before adjustment for age, the three obesity measures performed similarly after adjustment for age. Given the difficulty of using age‐adjusted associations in the clinical setting, these results suggest that given appropriate cut‐off points, WHR is the most useful measure of obesity to use to identify individuals with CVD risk factors.
Nanodiamond-Enhanced Nanofiber Separators for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries (2023)

Current lithium-ion battery separators made from polyolefins such as polypropylene and polyethylene generally suffer from low porosity, low wettability, and slow ionic conductivity and tend to perform poorly against heat-triggering reactions that may cause potentially catastrophic issues, such as fire. To overcome these limitations, here we report that a porous composite membrane consisting of poly(vinylidene fluoride-<i>co</i>-hexafluoropropylene) nanofibers functionalized with nanodiamonds (NDs) can realize a thermally resistant, mechanically robust, and ionically conductive separator. We critically reveal the role of NDs in the polymer matrix of the membrane to improve the thermal, mechanical, crystalline, and electrochemical properties of the composites. Taking advantages of these characteristics, the ND-functionalized nanofiber separator enables high-capacity and stable cycling of lithium cells with LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC811) as the cathode, much superior to those using conventional polyolefin separators in otherwise identical cells.
Near-field optical spectroscopy of individual surface-plasmon modes in colloid clusters (1999)

Local spectra of self-affine clusters of silver colloid particles recorded with subwavelength resolution by near-field spectroscopy are reported. Spectra were also simulated computationally. The observed and calculated near-field spectra consist of several resonances with highly location-dependent frequencies. The most highly resolved of these resonances correspond to individual surface plasmon (SP) normal modes. All of these features are only observable in the near field. Both theory and experiment also show that when excited by light in the SP region of the spectrum, the field-intensity distribution in the near field is very heterogeneous with most of the excitation concentrated in ``hot spots'' on the cluster surface that are strongly excitation-wavelength dependent. This field-intensity localization provides a rationale for recently reported surface-enhanced Raman enhancements in excess of ${10}^{10}.$
Variants of beta-glucosidases (2023)

The present invention relates to variants of a parent beta-glucosidase, comprising a substitution at one or more positions corresponding to positions 142, 183, 266, and 703 of amino acids 1 to 842 of SEQ ID NO: 2 or corresponding to positions 142, 183, 266, and 705 of amino acids 1 to 844 of SEQ ID NO: 70, wherein the variant has beta-glucosidase activity. The present invention also relates to nucleotide sequences encoding the variant beta-glucosidases and to nucleic acid constructs, vectors, and host cells comprising the nucleotide sequences.
Control of the Microarchitecture of a Double Helix − Electrochemical Synthesis and Characterisation of a Novel Dinickel(II) Helicate with Different Groove Sizes (2001)

Self-assembly of nickel ions and the N4 Schiff base H2PTs [H2PTs: N,N′-bis(2-tosylaminobenzylidene)-1,3-diaminopropane] in an electrochemical cell leads to the novel neutral double-stranded dinuclear helicate [NiPTs]2·CH3CN (1). Complex 1 was fully characterised by elemental analysis, IR and EPR spectroscopy, FAB mass spectrometry, and magnetic measurements. The single X-ray crystal structure of 1 shows that both ligands are asymmetrically positioned around the Ni−Ni axis, leading to a double-helical complex that presents a major and a minor groove.