gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPLEX NETWORKS IN CLIMATE SCIENCE: PROGRESS, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES (2010)

Abstract. Networks have been used to describe and model a wide range of complex systems, both natural as well as man-made. One particularly interesting application in the earth sciences is the use of complex networks to represent and study the global climate system. In this paper, we motivate this general approach, explain the basic methodology, report on the state of the art (including our contributions), and outline open questions and opportunities for future research. 1.
Radiolytic microscale power generation based on single chamber fuel cell operation (2007)

Proof-of-principle test results are presented for a nuclear-to-electric power generation technique utilizing closed-cycle fuel cell operation. The approach being developed is to first use the decay energy of a radioisotope to generate H2 and O2 from water, and then to utilize these species in a fuel cell to generate electricity. The principle of operation allows the device to regenerate its own reactants and operate continuously as a closed system for as long as the primary source of power, namely the radioisotope, is active. With micro engineering and fabrication techniques available today, a miniaturized integrated package of 1 cm3 in size and producing power in the 10 mW range appears feasible in a mature design. Smaller devices producing less power would also be possible. For this project, a unique fuel cell capable of utilizing mixed reactants at room temperature has been developed. The efficiency of this early fuel cell design falls in the range between 10 and 20%. Measured power output from a radioisotope fueled test cell approached 0.45 mW for several hours with a radiation leakage rate estimated at 490 mrem yr−1.
Mechanically Reconfigurable Multi-Functional Meta-Optics (2021)

We explore mechanically reconfigurable meta-optics with switchable optical functionality. 3D-printed microwave devices featuring broadband focusing, spectral demultiplexing, and polarization splitting are measured with various reconfiguration schemes, including shearing and auxetic transformations.
Synthesis of Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes That Contain Sterically Demanding Arenethiolate Ligands (2014)

Imido alkylidene complexes of Mo and W and oxo alkylidene complexes of W that contain thiophenoxide ligands of the type S-2,3,5,6-Ph[subscript 4]C[subscript 6]H (STPP) and S-2,6-(mesityl)[subscript 2]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 3] (SHMT = S-hexamethylterphenyl) have been prepared in order to compare their metathesis activity with that of the analogous phenoxide complexes. All thiolate complexes were significantly slower (up to ∼10× slower) for the metathesis homocoupling of 1-octene or polymerization of 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornene, and none of them was Z-selective. The slower rates could be attributed to the greater σ-donating ability of a thiophenoxide versus the analogous phenoxide and consequently a higher electron density at the metal in the thiophenoxide complexes.
Comparison of Lumbosacral Fusion Grade in Patients after Transforaminal and Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion with Minimum 2‐Year Follow‐Up (2023)

With a minimum 2-year radiographic analysis of arthrodesis at lumbosacral level by radiologists, the rate of solid radiographic fusions was higher in the ALIF group compared with the TLIF group, whereas the TLIF group had a higher rate of indeterminate fusion. Radiographic pseudarthrosis did not differ significantly between the TLIF and ALIF groups.
Origins of saccharide-dependent hydration at aluminate, silicate, and aluminosilicate surfaces (2011)

Sugar molecules adsorbed at hydrated inorganic oxide surfaces occur ubiquitously in nature and in technologically important materials and processes, including marine biomineralization, cement hydration, corrosion inhibition, bioadhesion, and bone resorption. Among these examples, surprisingly diverse hydration behaviors are observed for oxides in the presence of saccharides with closely related compositions and structures. Glucose, sucrose, and maltodextrin, for example, exhibit significant differences in their adsorption selectivities and alkaline reaction properties on hydrating aluminate, silicate, and aluminosilicate surfaces that are shown to be due to the molecular architectures of the saccharides. Solid-state (1)H, (13)C, (29)Si, and (27)Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy measurements, including at very high magnetic fields (19 T), distinguish and quantify the different molecular species, their chemical transformations, and their site-specific adsorption on different aluminate and silicate moieties. Two-dimensional NMR results establish nonselective adsorption of glucose degradation products containing carboxylic acids on both hydrated silicates and aluminates. In contrast, sucrose adsorbs intact at hydrated silicate sites and selectively at anhydrous, but not hydrated, aluminate moieties. Quantitative surface force measurements establish that sucrose adsorbs strongly as multilayers on hydrated aluminosilicate surfaces. The molecular structures and physicochemical properties of the saccharides and their degradation species correlate well with their adsorption behaviors. The results explain the dramatically different effects that small amounts of different types of sugars have on the rates at which aluminate, silicate, and aluminosilicate species hydrate, with important implications for diverse materials and applications.
Transforming vaccine development (2020)

The urgency to develop vaccines against Covid-19 is putting pressure on the long and expensive development timelines that are normally required for development of lifesaving vaccines. There is a unique opportunity to take advantage of new technologies, the smart and flexible design of clinical trials, and evolving regulatory science to speed up vaccine development against Covid-19 and transform vaccine development altogether.
Radiosynthesis and evaluation of N-(3,4-dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)piperazine-4-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)thiazol-2-yl]-1-[11C]carboxamide for in vivo positron emission tomography imaging of fatty acid amide hydrolase in brain (2015)

[<sup>11</sup>C] DPFC is a promising PET radiotracer for<italic>in vivo</italic>imaging of fatty acid amide hydrolase in brain.
Expression of themetAgene ofEscherichia coliK-12 in recombinant plasmids (1984)

The expression of the metA gene coding for the first enzyme in the methionine biosynthethic pathway was studied in wild-type and in deregulated strains of Escherichia coli K-12 carrying the gene on multicopy plasmids. We looked at (a) in vitro activity of the metA product—The enzyme homoserine transsuccinylase (HTS); (b) resistance of cells carrying metA plasmids to the analogue α-methylmethionine which specifically inhibits HTS, and (c) the metA polypeptide in mini cells. The results indicate that the Mr value of the polypeptide synthesized by the metA gene is 40 000. The synthesis of HTS, even when the metA gene is cloned on a multicopy plasmid, is under the negative control of the regulatory metJ gene.
Troglitazone prevents hyperglycemia-induced but not glucosamine-induced insulin resistance. (1998)

Hyperglycemia can lead directly to a secondary state of insulin resistance or can worsen a preexisting insulin-resistant state. Troglitazone is an orally active hypoglycemic agent that has been shown to ameliorate insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in both diabetic animal models and NIDDM subjects. To determine whether this drug could prevent the development of hyperglycemia-induced insulin resistance and to investigate the mechanism by which this might occur, we studied troglitazone's effect on insulin action in rats made hyperglycemic or infused with glucosamine. Normal male SD rats were fed regular powdered diet with or without troglitazone as a food admixture (0.2%). After 2 weeks, rats were made hyperglycemic with glucose (52 mg x kg(-1) x min[-1]) and somatostatin (0.8 microg x kg(-1) x min[-1]) infusion or were infused with glucosamine (6.5 mg x kg(-1) x min[-1]) for 6.5 h. In vivo insulin action was measured by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique at a submaximal (24 pmol x kg(-1) x min[-1]) or maximal (240 pmol x kg(-1) x min[-1]) insulin infusion rate. The infusion of glucose and somatostatin caused a pronounced rise in the plasma glucose concentration (19.8 +/- 0.6 mmol/l) compared with saline-infused animals (8.0 +/- 0.2 mmol/l; P < 0.001). Hyperglycemia resulted in insulin resistance, as evidenced by a marked reduction in the submaximal glucose disposal rate (GDR) (78 +/- 7 vs. 135 +/- 6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01) and maximal GDR (141 +/- 9 vs. 237 +/- 6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01) compared with the control group. Troglitazone treatment largely prevented the hyperglycemia-induced decline in submaximal (116 +/- 7 micromol x kg(-1) x min[-1]) and maximal GDR (209 +/- 9 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.05). Glucosamine infusion also resulted in a marked reduction in the submaximal GDR (85 +/- 3 vs. 135 +/- 6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01) and maximal GDR (137 +/- 14 vs. 237 +/- 6 micromol x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01) compared with the control group. In contrast to the results in the hyperglycemic animals, troglitazone treatment had no effect on glucosamine-induced insulin resistance. In summary, 1) in normal rats, experimental hyperglycemia, as well as glucosamine infusion, led to a marked state of peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance; 2) troglitazone treatment prevented the hyperglycemia-induced, but not the glucosamine-induced, insulin resistance; and 3) either troglitazone acts at one or more sites proximal to the entry of glucosamine into the hexosamine pathway, or the increased flux of glucose-derived products through the hexosamine pathway is not a major mechanism for the hyperglycemia-induced defect in insulin action in these animals.
Pathway Logic Helping Biologists Understand and Organize Pathway Information (2006)

Pathway Logic is an application of techniques from formal methods to the modeling and analysis of signal transduction networks in mammalian cells. These signaling network models are developed using Maude, a symbolic language founded on rewriting logic. Network elements (reactions) are represented as rewrite rules. Models can be queried (analyzed) using the execution, search and model-checking tools of the Maude system. Collections of rules and initial states of interest form a novel kind of database where a biologist can record results of both curation and experiments.
QoS-Enabled Power Saving Access Points for IEEE 802.11e Networks (2008)

IEEE 802.11 is now being used in many situations where access point (AP) power saving would be highly desirable. Unfortunately, this is not possible since the existing standard requires that APs remain active at all times. In this paper, we present a framework for a power saving quality-of-service (QoS) enabled access point (PSQAP), intended for use in low power infrastructure applications. The proposed scheme introduces infrastructure based power saving while preserving the QoS requirements for delay and loss intolerant real-time applications. Using an extensive simulation study we have evaluated the integrated framework, which consists of a proposed energy efficient media access control (MAC) protocol and an adaptive connection admission control (CAC) scheme. Our results show that the power consumption at PSQAPs can be significantly reduced without violating any of the QoS requirements for real-time traffic streams. The effect on power saving at the stations is also reasonable and can be controlled via protocol specific parameters.
Fundamental Limits to Plasmonic Response (2015)

We present fundamental limits to metallic (plasmonic) response. Applied to radiative heat transfer, our limits generalize the concept of a black body to the near field, where we present designs that may offer significant enhancements.
Re-research.pl: where Humanities Meet Computer Science (2018)

The article discusses selected projects from the field of digital humanities realised by the Re-research.pl group. The group consists of researchers from the Institute of Linguistics and the Department of Natural Language Processing at
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 6,9‐BISNORMETHYL‐8‐METHOXY‐12,13‐EPOXY‐6,8,10‐TRICHOTHECATRIENE (1977)

Abstract Aus dem Cyclopentenyl‐p‐anisyl‐äther (I) entsteht das Umlagerungsprodukt (IIa), das zu (IIb) benzyliert wird.
Integration of high sheet resistance homogeneous emitters in a process flow for PERC-type solar cells with Cu contacts (2012)

This paper presents the results of the integration of a high sheet resistance (120 Ω/sq) homogeneous emitter with an industrial feasible process flow on large area p-type CZ-Si PERC solar cells with plated Ni-Si/Cu front contacts. Focus is put on the junction isolation performed by either applying a mask prior to POCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> diffusion or by selectively removing the rear side emitter in an inline 1-sided wet-chemical etching tool after diffusion. A metallization sequence [1,2] applying Ni and Cu plating, is performed to contact the moderately doped emitters. The best experimental split in this comparison resulted in excellent average conversion efficiency of 20.2%.
Lack of interferon‐beta bioactivity is associated with the occurrence of relapses in multiple sclerosis (2009)

Our results suggest that a lack of IFNbeta bioactivity is associated with the occurrence of relapses and therefore can be useful as a biomarker for unresponsiveness to IFNbeta.
Cabergoline for Cushing’s disease: a large retrospective multicenter study (2016)

About 20-25% of CD patients are good responders to cabergoline therapy allowing long-term control of hypercortisolism at relatively low dosages and with acceptable tolerability. No single parameter, including the baseline UFC and prolactin levels, predicted the response to cabergoline.
Highly Exfoliated Water-Soluble Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized by phenyl groups can be sulfonated in oleum (H2SO4, 20% free SO3) to give materials that exhibit high solubility in water as determined by centrifugation in conjunction with UV−vis−near-infrared measurements. Cryo-transmission electron microscopy images show that extensive debundling occurs during the sulfonation step.
Smallholder Agriculture in the Information Age (2017)

Recent projections by the United Nations show that the food production needs to double by 2050 in order to meet the nutrition demand of the world's growing population. A key enabler of this growth are smallholder family farms, that form the backbone of agricultural (AG) production worldwide. To meet this increasing demand, smallholder farms need to implement critical advances in task management and coordination, crop and livestock monitoring and efficient farming practices. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) will play a critical role in these advances by providing integrated and affordable cyber-physical systems (CPS) that can longitudinally measure, analyze and control AG operations. In this paper we make headway towards the design and integration of such AG-CPS. We begin by characterizing the information and communication technology demand of smallholder agriculture based on traffic analysis of farm Internet use. Our findings inform the design and integration of an end-to-end AG-CPS called FarmNET that provides (i) robust control mechanisms for multi-sensor AG data collection and fusion, (ii) wide-area, heterogeneous wireless networks for ubiquitous farm connectivity, (iii) algorithms and models for farm data analytics that produce actionable information from the collected agricultural data, and (iv) control mechanisms for autonomous, proactive farming.
Electric field radiation from an overhead transmission line located above a lossy ground (2008)

This paper provides a review over three different approaches to find the radiated electric field from an overhead transmission line located above a lossy ground. Two of the analytical solutions reviewed are frequency-domain techniques and the other one is a time-domain method derived by applying Maxwellpsilas equations directly. In all these three techniques, we assume that the line behaves as a chain of small dipoles. The radiated fields are calculated at selected locations and using the numerical electromagnetic code (NEC), the results are compared in order to verify the agreement among and efficiency of these methods. It can be shown that using the analytical expressions reviewed in this paper, the transient fields around power transmission lines can be calculated accurately.
The threonine residues in MAP kinase kinase 1 phosphorylated by MAP kinase in vitro are also phosphorylated in nerve growth factor‐stimulated rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) cells (1994)

The residues on MAP kinase kinase-1 (MAPKK1) phosphorylated by MAP kinase in vitro have been identified as Thr-291 and Thr-385. Both threonines are phosphorylated in PC12 cells and the 32P-labelling of each residue increases after stimulation with nerve growth factor (NGF). The results establish that MAPKK1 is a physiological substrate for MAP kinase. The two active forms of MAPKK that are resolved by Mono Q chromatography of PC12 cell extracts are both phosphorylated at Thr-291 and Thr-385, demonstrating that neither species is the MAPKK2 isoform which lacks Thr-291.
Novel AAV44.9-Based Vectors Display Exceptional Characteristics for Retinal Gene Therapy (2020)

The majority of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are caused by mutations in genes expressed in photoreceptors (PRs). The ideal vector to address these conditions is one that transduces PRs in large areas of retina with the smallest volume/lowest titer possible, and efficiently transduces foveal cones, the cells responsible for acute, daylight vision that are often the only remaining area of functional retina in IRDs. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the retinal tropism and potency of a novel capsid, AAV44.9, and rationally designed derivatives thereof. We found that AAV44.9 and AAV44.9(E531D) transduced retinas of subretinally injected (SRI) mice with higher efficiency than did benchmark AAV5- and AAV8-based vectors. In macaques, highly efficient cone and rod transduction was observed following submacular and peripheral SRI. AAV44.9- and AAV44.9(E531D)-mediated GFP fluorescence extended laterally well beyond SRI bleb margins. Notably, extrafoveal injection (i.e., fovea not detached during surgery) led to transduction of up to 98% of foveal cones. AAV44.9(E531D) efficiently transduced parafoveal and perifoveal cones, whereas AAV44.9 did not. AAV44.9(E531D) was also capable of restoring retinal function to a mouse model of IRD. These novel capsids will be useful for addressing IRDs that would benefit from an expansive treatment area.
Image objects and multi-scale features for annotation detection (2008)

This paper investigates several issues in the problem of detecting handwritten markings, or annotations, on printed documents. One issue is to define the appropriate units over which to perform feature measurements and assign type labels. We propose an alpha-shape tree that operates across multiple scales. A second issue is to devise image features that offer inferential power for machine learning algorithms. We report on a feature that measures edge turn statistics. A third issue is how to combine local and neighborhood evidence. We exploit the alpha shape tree in a direct inference architecture. Information propagation schemes such as Markov random fields may be readily layered on top of our output.
Low Dielectric Constant Insulators and Gold Metallization for GHz Multi-Chip Modules (1992)

Mechanical stress in multichip modules (MCM) is an important reliability and fabrication issue.The emergence of new electronic applications that operate at temperatures significantly higher or lower than room temperature place new demands on the stress behavior of polymer dielectric films.This work examines the stress as a function of temperature for a variety of dielectric polymers.Stresses above and below room temperature were examined using a wafer curvature measurement.The polymers with the lowest stresses were found to be the most rigid polymers.
On Parity-Preserving Variable-Length Constrained Coding (2020)

Previous work by the authors on parity-preserving fixed-length constrained encoders is extended to the variable-length case. Parity-preserving variable-length encoders are formally defined, and a necessary and sufficient condition is presented for the existence of deterministic parity-preserving variable-length encoders for a given constraint. Examples are provided that show that there are coding ratios where parity-preserving variable-length encoders exist, while fixed-length encoders do not.
Viruses and the physics of soft condensed matter (2004)

A lmost 50 years ago, Francis Crick and James Watson observed that ''almost all small Assembly models can be developed that are specific for biologically observed geometry.
Automated extraction of critical dimension from SEM images with Weave (2021)

Semiconductor process engineers currently spend almost 10% of their time extracting critical dimensions from microscope images. Images are analyzed one by one, which is tedious, prone to human bias, time-consuming and expensive. Accurate, automated detection of edges and different materials in a stack are the key technical challenges for computer-extracted critical dimensions (CDs). Here we demonstrate the performance of a method for edge detection and material detection via segmentation methods embodied in the software tool Weave™. This-approach uses optimized thresholding via a level set method to identify multiple edges and materials without the need of extensive, annotated, experimental training data. The method is evaluated based on accuracy (prediction of CDs) and materials identification (ability to identify the different materials in an image). Based on evaluation of the method with 20 test SEM images, the method’s performance is excellent. Ninety percent of the CDs measured from the automated analysis are within 2% of the actual values. The errors for the remaining 10% of measurements range from 4-9%.
Nanoimaging of Open‐Circuit Voltage in Photovoltaic Devices (2015)

A novel imaging platform to determine the open-circuit voltage of solar cells with nanoscale spatial resolution is presented. Here, a variant of illuminated Kelvin probe force microscopy can be implemented to quantify local variations in the voltage of different solar cells. The new metrology can be applied to any optoelectronic device, and works in ambient environments. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Medicinal Chemistry of Alicyclic β‐Amino Acids (2012)

Abstract Review: 18 refs.