gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR-T) cells on responses in children with non-CNS extramedullary relapse of CD19+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (2017)

10507 Background: Anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapies have shown high efficacy in inducing durable marrow responses in patients with relapsed/refractory CD19+ ALL. We now report on outcome of 10 patients with extramedullary (EM) involvement of ALL treated with CAR-T, including 5 patients who had EM disease at time of infusion. Methods: We identified patients treated on pediatric phase 1/2a trials of murine (CTL019) or humanized (CTL119) anti-CD19 CAR-T cells for isolated EM or BM/EM relapse of ALL. EM relapse was defined as involvement of non-CNS site by imaging +/- pathology within 12 months (mos) of infusion. Post infusion, patients had diagnostic imaging done at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 mos. Results: Among 97 patients receiving CAR-T, ten (CTL019, n=6; CTL119, n=4) were identified who had EM involvement on average 2.3 mos (range 0-9 mos) prior to infusion; including 5/10 at time of infusion. Sites of EM relapses included testes, sinus, parotid, bone, uterus, kidney and skin, and 5 patients had multiple sites of EM involvement. Patients ranged from 2-4 relapses of their ALL pre-CAR-T. Two had isolated EM relapse (sites were parotid and multifocal bony lesions in one; testis and sinus in second). All 10 patients had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation prior to EM relapse, 2 had received radiation directed to the EM site prior to CAR-T. Five patients evaluated by serial imaging had objective responses: 2 had resolution of EM disease by day 28; 2 had resolution by 3 mos; 1 had continued decrease in size of uterine mass at 3 and 6 mos and underwent hysterectomy at 8 mos with no evidence of disease on pathology. In the 4 patients with prior history of skin or testicular involvement, there was no evidence by exam at day 28. One patient had progressive EM disease within 2 weeks of CAR-T cell infusion and died at 6 weeks. Three relapsed with CD19+ disease [1 skin/medullary- died at 38 mos post CAR-T; 2 medullary (1 died at 17 mos, 1 alive at 28 mos)]. The remaining 6 are alive and well at median follow-up of 10 mos (range 3-16 mos) without recurrence of disease. Conclusions: Single agent CAR-T immunotherapy can induce potent and durable responses in patients with EM relapse of their ALL. Clinical trial information: NCT01626495, NCT02374333.
Privacy and security in a networked world (2014)

As news stories continue to demonstrate, ensuring adequate security and privacy in a networked "always on" world is a challenge; and while open source software can mitigate problems, it is not a panacea. This panel will bring together experts from industry and academia to debate, discuss, and offer opinions -- questions might include:
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends from MEK plus PI3K/mTORC1/2 Therapeutic Efficacy Is Impacted by <i>TP53</i> Mutation in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure and Table Legends. The text describes the panels and tables included as Supplementary Figure and Table Legends&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Simplified Sordaricin Derivatives as Inhibitors of Fungal Protein Synthesis. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Shaped nanocrystal particles and methods for making the same (2023)

Shaped nanocrystal particles and methods for making shaped nanocrystal particles are disclosed. One embodiment includes a method for forming a branched, nanocrystal particle. It includes (a) forming a core having a first crystal structure in a solution, (b) forming a first arm extending from the core having a second crystal structure in the solution, and (c) forming a second arm extending from the core having the second crystal structure in the solution.
Effect of Torso Rotational Strength on Angular Hip, Angular Shoulder, and Linear Bat Velocities of High School Baseball Players (2007)

This investigation examined the effect of torso rotational strength on angular hip (AHV), angular shoulder (ASV), linear bat-end (BEV), and hand velocities (HV) and 3 repetition maximum (RM) torso rotational and sequential hip-torso-arm rotational strength (medicine ball hitter's throw) in high school baseball players (age 15.4 +/- 1.2 y). Participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 training groups. Group 1 (n = 24) and group 2 (n = 25) both performed a stepwise periodized resistance exercise program and took 100 swings a day, 3 days a week, for 12 weeks with their normal game bat. Group 2 performed additional rotational and full-body medicine ball exercises 3 days a week for 12 weeks. A 3RM parallel squat and bench press were measured at 0 and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Participants were pre- and posttested for 3RM dominant and nondominant torso rotational strength and medicine ball hitter's throw. Angular hip velocities, ASV, BEV, and HV were recorded pre- and posttraining by a motion capture system that identified and digitally processed reflective markers attached to each participant's bat and body. Groups 1 and 2 increased (p < or = 0.05) BEV (3.6 and 6.4%), HV (2.6 and 3.6%), 3RM dominant (10.5 and 17.1%) and nondominant (10.2 and 18.3%) torso rotational strength, and medicine ball hitter's throw (3.0 and 10.6%) after 12 weeks. Group 2 increased AHV (6.8%) and ASV (8.8%). Group 2 showed greater improvements in BEV, AHV, ASV, 3RM dominant and nondominant torso rotational strength, and medicine ball hitter's throw than group 1. Groups 1 and 2 increased predicted 1RM parallel squat (29.7 and 26.7%) and bench press (17.2 and 16.7%) strength after 12 weeks. These data indicate that performing additional rotational medicine ball exercises 2 days a week for 12 weeks statistically improves baseball performance variables.
Structure of the human κ-opioid receptor in complex with JDTic (2019)

Opioid receptors mediate the actions of endogenous and exogenous opioids on many physiological processes, including the regulation of pain, respiratory drive, mood, and—in the case of κ-opioid receptor (κ-OR)—dysphoria and psychotomimesis. Here we report the crystal structure of the human κ-OR in complex with the selective antagonist JDTic, arranged in parallel dimers, at 2.9 Å resolution. The structure reveals important features of the ligand-binding pocket that contribute to the high affinity and subtype selectivity of JDTic for the human κ-OR. Modelling of other important κ-OR-selective ligands, including the morphinan-derived antagonists norbinaltorphimine and 5′-guanidinonaltrindole, and the diterpene agonist salvinorin A analogue RB-64, reveals both common and distinct features for binding these diverse chemotypes. Analysis of site-directed mutagenesis and ligand structure–activity relationships confirms the interactions observed in the crystal structure, thereby providing a molecular explanation for κ-OR subtype selectivity, and essential insights for the design of compounds with new pharmacological properties targeting the human κ-OR.
Platinum Group Antitumor Chemistry: Design and development of New Anticancer Drugs Complementary to Cisplatin (2006)

In the next two decades, the world is expected to see around 20 million cases of cancer. Moreover, the types of cancer will vary considerably from country to other. Therefore, all efforts will be needed to face such a vast diversity of problems. With current annual sales of about $500 millions, the platinum(II) complex known as cisplatin [cis-(NH3)2PtCl2] is still one of the most effective drugs to treat testicular, ovarian, bladder and neck cancers. Since it was launched in 1978 there has been a rapid expansion in research to find new, more effective metal-based anticancer drugs and to study their interactions with biological systems. This study gives an up to date overview of the anticancer chemistry of the platinum group elements platinum, palladium, and nickel with an emphasis on the new strategies used in the development of new antitumor agents. Methodologies for application of bulky aromatic or aliphatic nitrogen ligands, chiral organic moieties, chelates containing other donor atoms than nitrogen, and biologically active ligands in the design of agents analogous to cisplatin are presented. The review also aims to highlight the class of the unconventional complexes that violate the empirical structure-activity rules (SAR) of platinum compounds and the common features and structural differences between the most successful anticancer complexes that are currently in human clinical trials.
A Correlative Approach to Capture and Quantify Substructures by Means of Image Registration (2017)

Abstract The quantification of microstructures is crucial for the development of new materials as well as for the quality assurance. The progress in material science is accompanied by more and more complex and fine microstructures. With this, the quantification of these microstructures is becoming increasingly challenging. One way to get more information from microstructures is by combining images made with different imaging techniques, like scanning electron microscopy and light optical microscopy. Despite a wide variety of commercial software, these different images can still not be combined without a considerable proportion of manual work. In this work, we present a workflow to combine micrographs of different imaging sources by means of image registration with the open source tool FiJi and describe how to extract and analyse single grains concerning their substructure with Matlab© on the example of a martensitic dual phase steel.
Abstract IA06: Angiogenesis revisited: Role and (therapeutic) implications of endothelial metabolism (2016)

Abstract The past 40 years of research in the angiogenesis field have focused on identifying genetic signals such as VEGF and Notch, which determine vessel sprouting. However, the role and therapeutic potential of targeting endothelial cell (EC) metabolism have been largely overlooked. We have recently reported that ECs are glycolysis addicted and that glycolysis importantly co-determinine vessel sprouting downstream of VEGF and other pro-angiogenic signals. In addition, we documented that ECs are rather unique in utilizing fatty acid-derived carbons for the de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis during EC proliferation when vessels sprout. Moreover, targeting (blocking) glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation inhibit pathological angiogenesis and induce tumor vessel normalization (thereby reducing metastasis and improving chemotherapy), suggesting that these metabolic pathways are new targets for anti-angiogenic drug development without evoking systemic side effects. Furthermore, lymphatic ECs differ from other EC subtypes in their metabolic requirements for lymphangigoenesis. Since many of these metabolic targets are pharmacologically druggable, these metabolic pathways represent a new promising target for therapeutic anti-angiogenesis. Citation Format: Peter Carmeliet. Angiogenesis revisited: Role and (therapeutic) implications of endothelial metabolism. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; 2015 Oct 23-26; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA06.
Integration of Non-monotonic Cell Swelling Characteristic for State-of-Charge Estimation (2018)

Traditionally, battery State of Charge (SOC) is estimated using measurements of current, temperature, and Terminal Voltage (TV). For some battery chemistry, such as Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), the voltage is flat (low slope) making the rate of convergence of the SOC estimation relatively slow. In this case, measurement of the cell expansion caused by swelling of the electrode active material during charging can be used to augment the estimation scheme. In previous work [1] [2], the force (F) generated by cell swelling in a constrained package has an affine dependency on SOC. In this paper we consider the LFP chemistry with phase transition of the active electrode material resulting in non-unique F-SOC relation, hence requiring a novel estimator. The non-monotonic (F) could potentially drive any output based observer, like the Linear Quadratic Estimator (LQE), to an incorrect equilibrium. To address this problem, a piecewise-linear (PWL) model is used to approximate the F-SOC curve, which enables the automatic selection of the gain with the correct (positive or negative) slope. The comparison between the TV, F, and the fusion of both sensors is investigated via simulations of a nonlinear higher order model of the battery eletro-mechanical behavior. The electrical battery model is described by an equivalent circuit model and a nonlinear open circuit plus hysteresis model. The performance of the estimators based on the TV and F sensors are compared and evaluated against the ±5% absolute error of the SOC using the Dynamic Stress Test (DST) protocol.
Theory of Ultrafast Nonlinear Refraction in Semiconductor Lasers (1991)

Recent observations of a large and ultrafast (&lt;100 fs) nonlinear refraction in semiconductor lasers near their transparency edge has generated much interest owing to their potential use for all optical switching.[1,2] The mechanisms responsible for such nonlinearities have been partially attributed to virtual interband transitions (AC Stark effect). We have extended an earlier model [3] which successfully described the dispersion and band-gap scaling of the electronic n 2 in passive semiconductors in their transparency range ( h ω&lt;E g ) to explain such nonlinearities in semiconductor amplifiers at photon energies near the transparency point ( h ω&gt;E g ). This simple model uses a nonlinear Kramers-Kronig transformation to obtain n 2 from a nondegenerate absorption spectrum as calculated using a "dressed state" formalism accounting for the effects of two-photon absorption, electronic Raman, and the optical Stark shift of the bands. In extending this model to active semiconductors, it is essential to include the Fermi-Dirac (FD) distribution with quasi-Fermi levels and T 2 broadening of these levels. In addition, assuming that upon Stark shifting the bands, the FD distribution re-establishes in a time τ e-e ≅ 10 -14 sec shorter than the pulsewith, an enhancement of n 2 at the transparency point is predicted. Fig.1 depicts the calculated values of n 2 for AlGaAs (E g ≅ 1.5 eV) as a function of the photon energy for various quasi-Fermi levels. It is seen that n 2 reaches a maximum negative value near the transparency point of each curve. Semiconductors with smaller band-gaps will exhibit a larger nonlinearity since n 2 scales as E g -4 as in the case of a passive medium.[3] The sign and magnitude of n 2 , as predicted by this theory, is in good agreement with the experimentally reported values in AlGaAs [1] and InGaAsP [2] diode lasers.
Sum rules and power bandwidth limits to near-field optical response (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Near-field nanophotonics offers the promise of orders-of-magnitude enhancements for phenomena ranging from spontaneous-emission engineering to Casimir forces via zero-point quantum fluctuations. An increasing variety of approaches — photonic crystals, metamaterials, metasurfaces, antennas, and more — has underscored our lack of understanding as to how large these effects can be. We provide a general answer to this question, deriving the first sum rule for near-field optical response as well as general upper bounds for any bandwidth, i.e. power–bandwidth limits. Within such a unified framework valid for structures of arbitrary shape and size, we approach single-frequency limits as bandwidth goes to zero and the sum rule as bandwidth goes to infinity. Power–bandwidth limits are derived from energy-conservation principles and depend on the susceptibility at the frequency of interest, and the sum rule arises from the requirement of causality and only depends on susceptibility at zero frequency. We explore to what extent power–bandwidth bounds can be attained for real materials and how the sum rule can be realized for canonical geometries. We further prove a "monotonicity" theorem that enables us to bound the integrated frequency response of any complicated structure in terms of the response of simple geometries. Our framework provides a universal measure of intrinsic optical-response characteristics that helps identify optimal nanophotonic materials for any combination of frequency and bandwidth, leading to wide-ranging applications in medical imaging and thermophotovoltaics.
Direct patterning of polystyrene–polymethyl methacrylate copolymer by means of laser interference lithography using UV laser irradiation (2008)

Abstract The fabrication of functionalized surfaces on polymeric substrates is of importance in chemistry, biology, physics, and material science. Examples of functional surfaces are micro/nano periodic arrays that can be fabricated using different methods. However, many of these techniques require several fabrication steps. In this communication, we report the fabrication of advanced architectures in poly(methylmethacrylate)–polystyrene (PMMA–PS) copolymers using direct laser interference patterning. Because of the mixed optical properties of the copolymers, a different type of periodic architectures could be fabricated when compared with traditional pure polymers. This new type of periodic structures results from the local swelling of the copolymer due to the formation of gaseous products induced by the laser radiation. Additionally, relatively low laser fluences are necessary to initiate the ablation process of the copolymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Surface oxygen in plasma polymerized films (2009)

For plasma polymerized (PP) thin films, many practical optical, electronic, sensing, and bio-applications are closely related to their surface properties. In particular, the surfaces of many PP films have a strong affinity for oxygen and moisture. Therefore, three different types of monomers which do not contain oxygen were selected to fabricate PP films, in order to understand the mechanisms for surface oxygen absorption. These monomers were a hydrocarbon, benzene (B); ferrocene (FC), containing Fe ions which have a great affinity for oxygen; and octafluorocyclobutane (OFCB), containing the strong electronegative (and thus oxygen repellent) element fluorine. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, and electron spin resonance (ESR) were used to explore the chemical composition and structure of the resulting PP films. XPS depth-profiling was also used to investigate the oxygen content in the bulk of the films by analyzing the film surface after various amounts of argon etching. The initial oxygen content on the surface of the PP-FC films was the largest of the three while PP-OFCB films only contained a trace quantity. PP-B films had an intermediate concentration. Affinity for oxygen for this latter film was determined to be due to residual activated species including free radicals and dangling bond sites on the film surface. Depth profiling disclosed little oxygen a short distance into the PP-B films, indicating that the oxygen was attracted after deposition upon exposure to ambient conditions. Although the PP-B film exhibited a high concentration of free radicals as determined by ESR, the dense and crosslinked bulk structure shielded these active centers in the film by prohibiting oxygen diffusion. For the PP-FC films, although a decrease in the amount of oxygen was observed after etching, a substantial concentration of oxygen exists with the depth, indicating incorporation of oxygen during the initial deposition. Because of the chemical nature of fluorine, the as-deposited PP-OFCB films did not exhibit significant affinity towards oxygen. However, a slightly oxygen enriched film surface was present after argon etching due to changes in the surface chemistry and structure. These results demonstrate that the formation and distribution of oxygen on and within the PP films are strongly dependent upon the chemical composition and structure of the films.
Heterogeneity within tissue-specific macrophage and dendritic cell populations during cutaneous inflammation in atopic dermatitis (2001)

In this study we observed changes in macrophage number and phenotype during cutaneous inflammation in AD. Dendritic cell numbers did not change; however, phenotypically dendritic cell and macrophage subpopulations showed increasing overlap during inflammation in AD skin. We show for the first time that within tissue-specific macrophage populations further subpopulations are present, and that monocyte-derived cells may express markers for both dendritic cells and macrophages. Our results point to the existence of a heterogeneous pool of macrophage/dendritic cell-like cells, from which subpopulations of dermal macrophages and dendritic cells arise.
The technological evolution from continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration (CAVH) to the last generation of continuous renal replacement therapy machines (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Recent evolution of renal replacement therapy in the critically ill patient"Critical Care 2006;10(1):123-123.Published online 17 Feb 2006PMCID:PMC1550862. CAVH machine; the BSM32 machine; the PRISMA machine; the Prismaflex machine.
A Historical Study of Human T Lymphotropic Virus Type I Transmission in Barbados (1989)

A 1972 historic sera collection from two health districts in Barbados, British West Indies, was evaluated for risk factors and epidemiologic patterns of HTLV-I (human T cell leukemia virus type I) during a time prior to the first report of its discovery in 1980. HTLV-I seroprevalence is 4.2% (43 of 1,012) and is consistent with current estimates in endemic areas in the Caribbean. Age-dependent rise (P less than .01) and higher seroprevalence rates for females (P less than .01) are indistinguishable from the pattern in contemporary Caribbean and Japanese populations. HTLV-I seropositivity was 4 times higher in women (P less than .003) and 2.6 times higher in men (P = .32) with treponemal antibodies, supporting a role for sexual transmission. Children who were positive in a household were more likely to have a seropositive mother than a seropositive father. This pattern is consistent with transmission of the virus from mother to child. Our results document that rates of infection and modes of transmission of HTLV-I are persistent.
Internal Electrostatic Discharge Monitor - IESDM (2011)

A document discusses an innovation designed to effectively monitor dielectric charging in spacecraft components to measure the potential for discharge in order to prevent damage from internal electrostatic discharge (IESD). High-energy electrons penetrate the structural materials and shielding of a spacecraft and then stop inside dielectrics and keep accumulating. Those deposited charges generate an electric field. If the electric field becomes higher than the breakdown threshold (approx. =2 x 10(exp 5) V/cm), discharge occurs. This monitor measures potentials as a function of dielectric depth. Differentiation of potential with respect to the depth yields electric field. Direct measurement of the depth profile of the potential in a dielectric makes real-time electronic field evaluation possible without simulations. The IESDM has been designed to emulate a multi-layer circuit board, to insert very thin metallic layers between the dielectric layers. The conductors serve as diagnostic monitoring locations to measure the deposited electron-charge and the charge dynamics. Measurement of the time-dependent potential of the metal layers provides information on the amount of charge deposited in the dielectrics and the movement of that charge with time (dynamics).