gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Rifampin‐Mediated OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 Transporter Inhibition on the Pharmacokinetics of the P2Y12 Receptor Antagonist Selatogrel (2020)

In vitro studies have indicated that the P2Y12 receptor antagonist selatogrel is a substrate of organic anion-transporting-polypeptide (OATP)1B1 and OATP1B3 that are known to mediate hepatic uptake. Selatogrel is primarily eliminated via the biliary route. Therefore, the study aim was to investigate the effect of rifampin-mediated OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 inhibition on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of selatogrel. This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, crossover study in 14 healthy subjects. In each period, a single subcutaneous dose of 4 mg selatogrel was administered, either immediately after a single intravenous 30 minutes infusion of 600 mg rifampin or after placebo. Plasma samples were collected for 36 hours and analyzed using a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. PK parameters of selatogrel were calculated using noncompartmental analysis. The effect of rifampin was explored based on geometric mean peak plasma concentration (C<sub>max</sub> ) and area under the concentration curve from zero to infinity (AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> ) ratios and for time of maximum plasma concentration (T<sub>max</sub> ) by Wilcoxon signed rank test. In addition, the safety and tolerability of the study treatments were evaluated. The geometric mean ratios of C<sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>0-∞</sub> were 1.19 (90% confidence interval (CI) 1.11-1.28) and 1.43 (90% CI 1.36-1.51), respectively, indicating a minor selatogrel exposure increase when administered after an infusion of rifampin compared with placebo. Rifampin administration did not affect terminal half-life (t<sub>½</sub> ) or T<sub>max</sub> of selatogrel. All study treatments were safe and well-tolerated. A single dose of 600 mg rifampin, a potent OATP1B1/1B3 inhibitor, did not impact the PK of selatogrel to a clinically relevant extent suggesting that OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 transporters do not play a major role in the elimination of selatogrel.
Ultra-Low-Power and Compact-Area Analog Audio Feature Extraction Based on Time-Mode Analog Filterbank Interpolation and Time-Mode Analog Rectification (2022)

To address the power and area bottleneck imposed by the frontend feature extractor relative to the backend neural network in on-device keyword spotting (KWS), we propose two time-mode analog signal processing (ASP) circuit techniques showcased in an analog audio feature extractor chip that advances the state of the art in power- and area-efficiency. Time-mode analog filterbank interpolation uses digital XOR gates to double the number of outputs of an analog bandpass filterbank. Time-mode analog rectification uses a single digital XOR gate as an analog full-wave rectifier. The 65 nm low power (LP) CMOS chip uses only 80 nW and 0.53 mm2 to extract from an input analog audio signal, an output digital auditory feature vector with 31 elements. This represents <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$18\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.3\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> improvements in power/feature and area/feature, as compared, respectively, to the most area- and power-efficient published analog audio feature extractor chips. All the while, competitive classification accuracy is maintained at >90% across ten keywords, as evaluated by feeding the chip’s digital output directly into a small-footprint software backend classifier.
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiolates on Palladium Are Good Etch Resists (2002)

This paper describes microcontact printing (muCP) of long-chain alkanethiolates on palladium, followed by solution-phase etching with an iron(III)-based etchant, to make patterned structures. The commonly used soft-lithographic procedure for fabricating microstructures-muCP of SAMs on gold-has three shortcomings: a significant surface density of pinhole defects, substantial edge roughness, and incompatibility with processes used in CMOS fabrication. Microcontact printing on palladium gives fewer defects and smaller edge roughness than on gold, and is compatible with CMOS. The mechanism by which etch-resistant patterns are formed is different for palladium and gold. The Pd/S interfacial layer formed by the reaction of palladium films with sulfur-containing compounds provides good resistance to etches independently of the barrier to access the surface provided by the film of (CH2)n groups in the long-chain SAMs. This barrier is the basis of the etch resistance of SAMs on gold, but only supplements the etch resistance of the sulfur-containing interfacial layer on palladium. Characterization of the SAM formed from hexadecanethiol on palladium is described.
Design and Analysis of a Greedy Pursuit for Distributed Compressed Sensing (2016)

We consider a distributed compressed sensing scenario where many sensors measure correlated sparse signals and the sensors are connected through a network. Correlation between sparse signals is modeled by a partial common support-set. For such a scenario, the main objective of this paper is to develop a greedy pursuit algorithm. We develop a distributed parallel pursuit (dipp) algorithm based on exchange of information about estimated support-sets at sensors. The exchange of information helps to improve estimation of the partial common support-set, that in turn helps to gradually improve estimation of support-sets in all sensors, leading to a better quality reconstruction performance. We provide restricted isometry property (RIP) based theoretical analysis on the algorithm's convergence and reconstruction performance. Under certain theoretical requirements (i.e., under certain assumptions) on the quality of information exchange over the network and RIP parameters of sensor nodes, we show that the dipp algorithm converges to a performance level that depends on a scaled additive measurement noise power (convergence in theory) where the scaling coefficient is a function of RIP parameters and information processing quality parameters. Using simulations, we show practical reconstruction performance of dipp vis-a-vis amount of undersampling, signal-to-measurement-noise ratios and network-connectivity conditions.
Imaging Techniques in Acute Kidney Injury (2008)

Multi-photon microscopy, along with advances in other imaging modalities, allows investigators the opportunity to study dynamic events within the functioning kidney. These emerging technologies enable investigators to follow complex heterogeneous processes in organs such as the kidney with improved spatial and temporal resolution, and sensitivity. Furthermore, the ability to obtain volumetric data (3-D) makes quantitative 4-D (time) analysis possible. Finally, use of up to three fluorophores concurrently in multi-photon microscopy allows for three different or interactive processes to be observed simultaneously. Therefore, this approach complements existing molecular, biochemical, pharmacologic and radiologic techniques by advancing data analysis and interpretation to subcellular levels for molecules without the requirement for fixation. Its use in acute kidney injury is in its infancy but offers much promise for unraveling the complex interdependent processes known to contribute to cell injury and organ failure. Also, recent advances in other imaging techniques offer potential clinical diagnostic tools to study acute kidney injury in animal models and in patients.
High d/gamma values in diode laser structures for very high power (2009)

Record values for the rollover power and rollover linear power densities of 9xx nm devices, obtained by simultaneous scaling of length and d/&Gamma;, are reported. The values for d/&Gamma; lay in the range 0.8 &mu;m to 1.2 &mu;m with corresponding cavity lengths from 3.5 mm to 5 mm. The transversal structures were asymmetric, with a higher refractive index on the n side. An optical trap was helpful in reducing the radiation extension on the p side and the overall thickness. The highest rollover linear power densities were 244 mW/&mu;m for structures without an optical trap and 290 mW/&mu;m for those that included an optical trap
Restauration fonctionnelle de la posture et de la marche : vers la coordination des membres valides et déficients (2007)

When controlling postural movements through artificial prosthetic limbs or Functional Electrical Stimulation, an important issue is the enhancement of the interaction of the patient with the artificial system through his valid limb motions. We address the problem of the coexistence of voluntary controlled with artificially controlled movements. We propose to observe the valid limbs through movement sensors in order to optimize the interaction at two levels: a strategic level, where we aim at identifying as soon as possible the postural task the patient intends to execute, and a tactic level, where we aim at monitoring the ongoing task in order to estimate some movement parameters. Particularly, to ensure legs coordination during walking, the CPG (Central Pattern Generator) concept is introduced, and we propose a robust phase estimation method based on the observer of a non-linear oscillator. This framework mixes discrete and continuous behaviors; this duality raises some integration issues and implies to setup a hybrid command architecture. Two additional constraints are the required number of sensors, as well as the complexity of the algorithms, that both have to be kept as low as possible. The proposed solutions are based on movement models, and have been validated through real time experiments.
Utility of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in the identification of new lesions in lung cancer patients for the assessment of therapy response (2010)

FDG-PET is helpful in identifying new lesions in NSCLC patients, resulting in the improved assessment of therapy response with CT imaging combined with FDG-PET compared with CT imaging alone. Although RECIST 1.1 includes FDG-PET only as an optional adjunct, we recommend the implementation of PET imaging in the assessment of therapy response.
Electron transport properties of antimony doped SnO2 single crystalline thin films grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2009)

By antimony doping tin oxide, SnO2:Sb (ATO), below 1.0% Sb concentration, controllable n-type doping was realized. Plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy has been used to grow high quality single crystalline epitaxial thin films of unintentionally doped (UID) and Sb-doped SnO2 on r-plane sapphire substrates. A UID thickness series showed an electron concentration of 7.9×1018cm−3 for a 26nm film, which decreased to 2.7×1017cm−3 for a 1570nm film, whereas the mobility increased from 15to103cm2∕Vs, respectively. This series illustrated the importance of a buffer layer to separate unintentional heterointerface effects from the effect of low Sb doping. Unambiguous bulk electron doping was established by keeping the Sb concentration constant but changing the Sb-doped layer thickness. A separate doping series correlated Sb concentration and bulk electron doping. Films containing between 9.8×1017 and 2.8×1020 Sb atoms/cm3 generated an electron concentration of 1.1×1018–2.6×1020cm−3. As the atomic Sb concentration increased, the mobility and resistivity decreased from 110to36cm2∕Vs and 5.1×10−2to6.7×10−4Ωcm, respectively. The Sb concentration was determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. X-ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy measurements showed no detrimental effects arising from the highest levels of Sb incorporation. Temperature dependent Hall measurements established a lower limit for the Sb electron activation energy of 13.2meV and found that films with greater than 4.9×1019electrons∕cm3 were degenerately doped. Within experimental uncertainties, 100% donor efficiency was determined for Sb-doped SnO2 in the range studied.
A Lower Bound To The Expected Discovery Time In One-Way Random Neighbor\n Discovery (2017)

We provide a lower bound on the expected discovery time of one-way neighbor\ndiscovery in multi antenna system. We assume that the scheme allows to use\ndifferent directional transmission probabilities, which result in different\nprobability of successful discovery between nodes. The proof shows that the\nlower bound to the expected discovery time, that node $i$ takes to discover its\nneighbors, is given by the reciprocal of the average probabilities of\nsuccessful discovery.\n
Novel ceramic particle synthesis for optical applications: Dispersion polymerized preceramic polymers as size templates for fine ceramic powders (1995)

A shape template for small ceramic particles (see figure) is provided by the dispersion polymerization of preceramic polymers. The particle size can be closely controlled through adjusting the reaction conditions, allowing the design of materials for applications as diverse as optical composite materials, catalyst supports, and particulate reinforcement magnified image .
Synthesis and Evaluation of Tripodal Peptide Analogues for Cellular Delivery of Phosphopeptides (2007)

Tripodal peptide analogues were designed on the basis of the phosphotyrosine binding pocket of the Src SH2 domain and assayed for their ability to bind to fluorescein-labeled phosphopeptides. Fluorescence polarization assays showed that a number of amphipathic linear peptide analogues (LPAs), such as LPA4, bind to fluorescein-labeled GpYEEI (F-GpYEEI). LPA4 was evaluated for potential application in cellular delivery of phosphopeptides. Fluorescence microimaging cellular uptake studies with fluorescein-attached LPA4 (F-LPA4) alone or with the mixture of LPA4 and F-GpYEEI in BT-20 cells showed dramatic increase of the fluorescence intensity in cytosol of cells, indicating that LPA4 can function as a delivery tool of F-GpYEEI across the cell membrane. Fluorescent flow cytometry studies showed the cellular uptake of F-LPA4 in an energy-independent pathway and confirmed the cellular uptake of F-GpYEEI in the presence of LPA4. These studies suggest that amphipathic tripodal peptide analogues, such as LPA4, can be used for cellular delivery of phosphopeptides.
Expression of the PIP Aquaporin Promoter-MipA from the Common Ice Plant in Tobacco (2000)

The reasons for the presence of a multitude of plasma membrane-localized water channels (PIP aquaporins) in plants may be functional differences in water (or other solute) transport, or in developmental, environmental or tissue-specific regulation of expression. We compared tissue- and cell-specific expression of McMipA, an abundantly expressed PIP from the common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum), with that of the previously characterized McMipB [Yamada et al. (1997) Plant Cell Physiol. 38: 1326]. The activity of a 2.2 kb DNA fragment containing the promoter region of McMipA in a fusion with the GUS coding region was studied in transgenic tobacco. The McMipA promoter was active in pericycle and cortex cells in roots and in phloem-associated cells and cells surrounding the pericycle in shoots. In green leaves, mesophyll cells and the minor veins showed GUS activity, but the major veins did not. In floral tissues, GUS activity was observed in the pistil and anthers of immature buds and the tip of the mature pistil and pollen. Neither the apical meristem nor root tip showed any GUS activity. The differences in tissue specificity between the McMipA and McMipB promoters indicated that the two PIPs, MC-MIPA and MC-MIPB, serve different functions in plants.
Millimeter Wave MIMO Channel Estimation Based on Adaptive Compressed\n Sensing (2017)

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems are well suited for\nmillimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communications where large antenna arrays can\nbe integrated in small form factors due to tiny wavelengths, thereby providing\nhigh array gains while supporting spatial multiplexing, beamforming, or antenna\ndiversity. It has been shown that mmWave channels exhibit sparsity due to the\nlimited number of dominant propagation paths, thus compressed sensing\ntechniques can be leveraged to conduct channel estimation at mmWave\nfrequencies. This paper presents a novel approach of constructing beamforming\ndictionary matrices for sparse channel estimation using the continuous basis\npursuit (CBP) concept, and proposes two novel low-complexity algorithms to\nexploit channel sparsity for adaptively estimating multipath channel parameters\nin mmWave channels. We verify the performance of the proposed CBP-based\nbeamforming dictionary and the two algorithms using a simulator built upon a\nthree-dimensional mmWave statistical spatial channel model, NYUSIM, that is\nbased on real-world propagation measurements. Simulation results show that the\nCBP-based dictionary offers substantially higher estimation accuracy and\ngreater spectral efficiency than the grid-based counterpart introduced by\nprevious researchers, and the algorithms proposed here render better\nperformance but require less computational effort compared with existing\nalgorithms.\n
Brilliant cosmetic film for ambient displays, with cholesteric liquid crystal (2018)

Abstract We have successfully developed a cosmetic film with polymerized cholesteric material. The film features a variety of colors by helical pitch gradients, diffusive texture, and arbitrary color patterns. It hides the display when turned off, and transmits display images when turned on. We believe it could change the display in the OFF‐state from the conventional black wall to specially designed decorations. In addition, they can be applied to hidden sensors.
Unsupervised action classification using space-time link analysis (2010)

In this paper we address the problem of unsupervised discovery of action classes in video data. Different from all existing methods thus far proposed for this task, we present a space-time link analysis approach which matches the performance of traditional unsupervised action categorization methods in a standard dataset. Our method is inspired by the recent success of link analysis techniques in the image domain. By applying these techniques in the space-time domain, we are able to naturally take into account the spatio-temporal relationships between the video features, while leveraging the power of graph matching for action classification. We present an experiment to demonstrate that our approach is capable of handling cluttered backgrounds, activities with subtle movements, and video data from moving cameras.
Surgical technique (2015)

The trays containing the tibial instruments, templates and trial components and those used with all sizes of femur are shown in Figure 7.1. A numbered list of illustrations of all the instruments, trial components and templates can be found at the end of this chapter. When a component or instrument is mentioned first in the following text, its number will be printed with square brackets. The five sizes of femoral component have different spherical radii of curvature. For each femoral size, there is a matching set of men iscal bearings in seven thicknesses, from 3 mm to 9 mm. There is a separate tray of instruments for each femoral size. The trays, one of which is shown in Figure 7.2, contain colour coded instruments and trial components specifically for use with one size of femoral component. They must not be mixed up so it is safer just to open one size.&#x0D;
Individual behavior and pairwise interactions between microswimmers in anisotropic liquid (2015)

A motile bacterium swims by generating flow in its surrounding liquid. Anisotropy of the suspending liquid significantly modifies the swimming dynamics and corresponding flow signatures of an individual bacterium and impacts collective behavior. We study the interactions between swimming bacteria in an anisotropic environment exemplified by lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal. Our analysis reveals a significant localization of the bacteria-induced flow along a line coaxial with the bacterial body, which is due to strong viscosity anisotropy of the liquid crystal. Despite the fact that the average viscosity of the liquid crystal is two to three orders of magnitude higher than the viscosity of pure water, the speed of bacteria in the liquid crystal is of the same order of magnitude as in water. We show that bacteria can transport a cargo (a fluorescent particle) along a predetermined trajectory defined by the direction of molecular orientation of the liquid crystal. We demonstrate that while the hydrodynamic interaction between flagella of two close-by bacteria is negligible, the observed convergence of the swimming speeds as well as flagella waves' phase velocities may occur due to viscoelastic interaction between the bacterial bodies.
Application of cytokine intervention for improved radio-antibody dose delivery (1997)

The goal of our studies was to determine whether administration of IL-1/GM-CSF to mice could reduce radio-antibody-induced myelosuppression and allow either dose escalation of radio-antibody using 131I, 90Y or 188Re conjugated to either intact antibody or bivalent fragments or more frequent dosing with 131I-IgG. Survival, peripheral blood counts, hematopoietic tissue weight and number of marrow CFCs were used to determine the ability to dose-intensify with a single dose or to reduce the spacing between doses. In this report, we show that in the absence of cytokines, 2 cycles of 131I-IgG spaced at 28, 35, 42 and 49 days resulted in 100%, 100%, 40% and 0% lethality, respectively. In contrast, cytokine intervention reduced lethality to 45%, 20%, 0% and 0% at the same time intervals between doses. Thus, the use of cytokines permits at least a 1 week earlier redosing of 131I-IgG. Cytokine intervention also has reduced the magnitude of myelosuppression, as measured by neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, thus permitting intensification of single doses of radio-iodinated intact antibodies, bivalent fragments and 90Y-IgG by at least 30%, 50% and 25%, respectively. However, cytokines were not effective at permitting dose escalation of either 90Y-F(ab')2 or 188Re-IgG. Further optimization of the dose schedule of cytokine administration needs to be explored for these 2 nuclide-antibody forms.
Masking Artefact Indicates that Photoreceptor Bleaching May Enhance Fundus Autofluorescence (2017)

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is important in the understanding of retinal degenerations and aging [1]. It has many different roles, one of them being the primary site of synthesis of the 11-cis retinal that is required for the regeneration of bleached visual cycle photopigment. It is also known that the RPE progressively accumulates lipofuscin which is a byproduct of outer segment renewal. The autofluorescence of lipofuscin provides a valuable measurement tool for the assessment of the RPE layer in vivo and thus retinal autofluorescence imaging has become an important imaging modality for the diagnosis of retinal pathologies involving the RPE, with characteristic alterations in a number of pathologies [1], [2].
Fast-response and scattering-free polymer network liquid crystals for infrared light modulators (2004)

A fast-response and scattering-free homogeneously aligned polymer network liquid crystal (PNLC) light modulator is demonstrated at λ=1.55 μm wavelength. Light scattering in the near-infrared region is suppressed by optimizing the polymer concentration such that the network domain sizes are smaller than the wavelength. The strong polymer network anchoring assists LC to relax back quickly as the electric field is removed. As a result, the PNLC response time is ∼250× faster than that of the E44 LC mixture except that the threshold voltage is increased by ∼25×.