gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmission of 40-Gb/s WDM signals over transoceanic distance using conventional NZ-DSF with receiver dispersion slope compensation (2006)

This paper investigated the impact of receiver dispersion slope compensation for 40-Gb/s transoceanic transmission over conventional nonzero dispersion shifted fibers. Various differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) modulation formats were experimentally compared at 42.8 Gb/s [to account for forwarded error correction (FEC) overhead] with dispersion slope compensators at the receiver. These transmission measurements were performed in a circulating loop over a transatlantic distance of 6250 km using a variety of channel spacings, relative polarizations, and synchronous modulation techniques. All formats benefited from receiver dispersion slope compensation. For orthogonally polarized channels on 133-GHz spacing, the return-to-zero DPSK (RZ-DPSK) format performed the best; all channels (18 /spl times/ 40 Gb/s) propagated with > 13.5-dB Q-factor and with > 4-dB FEC margin. Whereas for copolarized channels on 100-GHz spacing, carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CSRZ)-DPSK performed the best; all channels (25 /spl times/ 40 Gb/s) propagated with > 3-dB FEC margin. Moreover, it was shown that parallel launch only suffered a penalty of /spl sim/ 0.2 and /spl sim/ 0.5 dB relative to the orthogonal launch for 133and 100-GHz channel spacing, respectively. Finally, it was demonstrated that copolarized 40 Gb/s RZ-DPSK worked as well as 10 Gb/s RZ-ON-OFF keying (RZ-OOK) for the same spectral efficiency (30%) over the 6250 km of conventional nonzero dispersion shifted fibers (NZ-DSF) originally designed for 10 Gb/s transmission.
The polarity and specificity of SARS-CoV2-specific T lymphocyte responses determine disease susceptibility (2021)

Abstract Optimal vaccination and immunotherapy against coronavirus disease COVID-19 relies on the in-depth comprehension of immune responses determining the individual susceptibility to be infected by SARS-CoV-2 and to develop severe disease. We characterized the polarity and specificity of circulating SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses against whole virus lysates or 186 unique peptides derived from the SARS-CoV-2 or SARS-CoV-1 ORFeome on 296 cancer-bearing and 86 cancer-free individuals who were either from the pre-COVID-19 era (67 individuals) or contemporary COVID-19-free (237 individuals) or who developed COVID-19 (78 individuals) in 2020/21. The ratio between the prototypic T helper 1 (TH1) cytokine, interleukin-2, and the prototypic T helper 2 (TH2) cytokine, interleukin-5 (IL-5), released from SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T cells measured in early 2020, among SARS-CoV-2-negative persons, was associated with the susceptibility of these individuals to develop PCR-detectable SARS-CoV-2 infection in late 2020 or 2021. Of note, T cells from individuals who recovered after SARS-CoV-2 re-infection spontaneously produced elevated levels of IL-5 and secreted the immunosuppressive TH2 cytokine interleukin-10 in response to SARS-CoV-2 lysate, suggesting that TH2 responses to SARS-CoV-2 are inadequate. Moreover, individuals susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibited a deficit in the TH1 peptide repertoire affecting the highly mutated receptor binding domain (RBD) amino acids (331-525) of the spike protein. Finally, current vaccines successfully triggered anti-RBD specific TH1 responses in 88% healthy subjects that were negative prior to immunization. These findings indicate that COVID-19 protection relies on TH1 cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 S1-RBD which in turn likely drives the phylogenetic escape of the virus. The next generation of COVID-19 vaccines should elicit high-avidity TH1 (rather than TH2)-like T cell responses against the RBD domain of current and emerging viral variants.
Alignment of the James Webb Space Telescope Integrated Science Instrument Module Element (2016)

NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a 6.6m diameter, segmented, deployable telescope for cryogenic IR space astronomy. The JWST Observatory architecture includes the Optical Telescope Element (OTE) and the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) element which contains four science instruments (SI), including a guider. The SIs and guider are mounted to a composite metering structure with outer envelope approximate measurements of 2.2x2.2x1.7m. These SI units are integrated to the ISIM structure and optically tested at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center as an instrument suite using an Optical telescope element SIMulator (OSIM). OSIM is a high-fidelity, cryogenic JWST simulator that features a ~1.5m diameter powered mirror. The SIs are aligned to the flight structure’s coordinate system under ambient, clean room conditions using opto-mechanical metrology and customized interfaces. OSIM is aligned to the ISIM mechanical coordinate system at the cryogenic operating temperature via internal mechanisms and feedback from alignment sensors and metrology in six degrees of freedom. SI performance, including focus, pupil shear, pupil roll, boresight, wavefront error, and image quality, is evaluated at the operating temperature using OSIM. This work reports on the as-run ambient assembly and ambient alignment steps for the flight ISIM, including SI interface fixtures and customization and kinematic mount adjustment. The ISIM alignment plan consists of multiple steps to meet the “absolute” alignment requirements of the SIs and OSIM to the flight coordinate system. In this paper, we focus on key aspects of absolute, optical-mechanical alignment. We discuss various metrology and alignment techniques. In addition, we summarize our approach for dealing with and the results of ground-test factors, such as gravity.
Fabrication of Lead-Free (Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–BaZrO3–(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3Ferroelectric Thin Films on (111)Pt/Ti/SiO2/(100)Si Substrate by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2011)

0.92(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3–0.06BaZrO3–0.02(Bi0.5Li0.5)TiO3 (NKN–BZ–BLT) thin films were fabricated on a (111)Pt/Ti/SiO2/(100)Si substrate by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The quality of the NKN–BZ–BLT thin films was improved by introducing an NKN–BZ–BLT buffer layer, which was deposited at a high substrate temperature of 850 °C. An X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) showed that the 100pt preferential-oriented NKN–BZ–BLT thin films [on the basis of a pseudotetragonal perovskite (pt) structure] were obtained without and with buffer layers. From the rocking curves, the crystallinity of the film was slightly improved by introducing the buffer layer. SEM images showed that the grain size was increased and cracks were eliminated by introducing the buffer layer. The dielectric constant of the films was comparable to that of NKN–BZ–BLT ceramics. The P–E hysteresis loops showed that the remanent polarization and spontaneous polarization of the films increased with the increase in the thickness of the buffer layer. The NKN–BZ–BLT film with a 0.8-µm-thick buffer layer exhibited a remanent polarization of 6.7 µC/cm2 and a spontaneous polarization of 28.0 µC/cm2. This improvement of the ferroelectric properties would be due to the relaxation of the tensile stress in the presence of the buffer layer.
A Computational-Experimental Investigation of the Mechanisms Responsible for the Enhanced CO2 Electrochemical Reduction of Dendritic Sn1Pb3 Alloy (2020)

The electrochemical conversion of CO 2 into useful chemicals and fuels provides a means to recycle CO 2 and achieve carbon balance.[1, 2] There are several value-added products that can be obtained from the electroreduction of CO 2. Formic acid/formate is one of the useful products which has a strong market.[3] Formic acid/formate is widely used in several industrial sectors including pharmaceutical synthesis, pulp and paper production, textile finishing, as additive in animal feeds and as deicing agent.[4] In addition, formic acid/formate has been identified as a potentially hydrogen carrier and as a fuel for direct formate fuel cells (DFFC).[5, 6] Years of research have shown that various metals including Pb, Hg, Bi, and Sn produce HCOOH as a major product (high Faradic efficiency) during the electroreduction of CO 2 .[7-9] However, large onset potentials and high overpotentials should be applied when large current densities are achieved. Several investigations revealed that increasing the electrochemical active surface area of catalysts is effective to decrease the overpotenial.[10-12] However, Reducing the onset potential for CO 2 electroreduction calls for more subtle manipulation of the catalyst composition since it is determined by the adsorption energies of reaction intermediates. Alloying with appropriate elements can affect the CO 2 reduction onset potential. In this study, dendritic Sn-Pb alloy and Pb is investigated for CO 2 electroreduction. The performances of these materials for the CO 2 electroreduction will be evaluated. The DFT calculation results will be presented to explain the better performances of dendritic Sn 1 Pb 3 alloy. References [1] G. Centi, E.A. Quadrelli, S. Perathoner, Energy Environ. Sci., 6 (2013) 1711-1731. [2] J.-P. Jones, G.K.S. Prakash, G.A. Olah, Isr. J. Chem., 54 (2014) 1451-1466. [3] E.V. Kondratenko, G. Mul, J. Baltrusaitis, G.O. Larrazábal, J. Pérez-Ramírez, Energy Environ. Sci., 6 (2013) 3112-3135. [4] J. Hietala, A. Vuori, P. Johnsson, I. Pollari, W. Reutemann, H. Kieczka, Formic Acid. In Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, (Ed.). doi:10.1002/14356007.a12_013.pub3, Wiley-VCH Weinheim, 2016, pp. 1-22. [5] R. Francke, B. Schille, M. Roemelt, Chem. Rev., 118 (2018) 4631-4701. [6] M. Aresta, A. Dibenedetto, A. Angelini, Chem. Rev., 114 (2014) 1709-1942. [7] W. Zhang, Y. Hu, L. Ma, G. Zhu, Y. Wang, X. Xue, R. Chen, S. Yang, Z. Jin, Adv. Sci., 5 (2018) 1700275. [8] J. Gong, L. Zhang, Z.J. Zhao, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 129 (2017) 11482–11511. [9] J. Qiao, Y. Liu, F. Hong, J. Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev., 43 (2014) 631-675. [10] C. Rogers, W.S. Perkins, G. Veber, T.E. Williams, R.R. Cloke, F.R. Fischer, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 139 (2017) 4052-4061. [11] M. Fan, S. Garbarino, G.A. Botton, A.C. Tavares, D. Guay, J. Mater. Chem. A, 5 (2017) 20747-20756. [12] A. Dutta, C.E. Morstein, M. Rahaman, A. Cedeño López, P. Broekmann, ACS Catal., 8 (2018) 8357-8368.
Mapping Mouse Brain Slice Sequence to a Reference Brain Without 3D Reconstruction (2018)

Abstract Histological brain slices are widely used in neuroscience to study anatomical organization of neural circuits. Since data from many brains are collected, mapping the slices to a reference atlas is often the first step in interpreting results. Most existing methods rely on an initial reconstruction of the volume before registering it to a reference atlas. Because these slices are prone to distortion during sectioning process and often sectioned with nonstandard angles, reconstruction is challenging and often inaccurate. We propose a framework that maps each slice to its corresponding plane in the atlas to build a plane-wise mapping and then perform 2D nonrigid registration to build pixel-wise mapping. We use the L2 norm of the Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) of two patches as the similarity metric for both steps, and a Markov Random Field formulation that incorporates tissue coherency to compute the nonrigid registration. To fix significantly distorted regions that are misshaped or much smaller than the control grids, we trained a context-aggregation network to segment and warp them to their corresponding regions with thin plate spline. We have shown that our method generates results comparable to an expert neuroscientist and is significantly better than reconstruction-first approaches.
Efficacy and Safety of a Bivalent RSV Prefusion F Vaccine in Older Adults (2023)

RSVpreF vaccine prevented RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness and RSV-associated acute respiratory illness in adults (≥60 years of age), without evident safety concerns. (Funded by Pfizer; RENOIR ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT05035212; EudraCT number, 2021-003693-31.).
Imaging Through Volumetric Scattering with a Single Photon Sensitive Camera (2018)

Imaging through highly scattering media holds many opportunities in underwater and biomedical imaging. Here we leverage a single photon avalanche diode (SPAD) camera, and experimentally demonstrate an imaging pipeline to see through turbid water in optical reflection mode.
Learning Versatile 3D Shape Generation with Improved AR Models (2023)

Auto-Regressive (AR) models have achieved impressive results in 2D image generation by modeling joint distributions in the grid space. While this approach has been extended to the 3D domain for powerful shape generation, it still has two limitations: expensive computations on volumetric grids and ambiguous auto-regressive order along grid dimensions. To overcome these limitations, we propose the Improved Auto-regressive Model (ImAM) for 3D shape generation, which applies discrete representation learning based on a latent vector instead of volumetric grids. Our approach not only reduces computational costs but also preserves essential geometric details by learning the joint distribution in a more tractable order. Moreover, thanks to the simplicity of our model architecture, we can naturally extend it from unconditional to conditional generation by concatenating various conditioning inputs, such as point clouds, categories, images, and texts. Extensive experiments demonstrate that ImAM can synthesize diverse and faithful shapes of multiple categories, achieving state-of-the-art performance.
Synthesis of labeled ambroxol and its major metabolites (2009)

Abstract Ambroxol is a mucolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases. Herein, we report the synthesis of carbon‐14‐labeled ambroxol with the radioactive atom(s) either on the benzylic carbon or uniformly in the cyclohexyl ring with specific activities of 59 and 81 mCi/mmol, respectively. We also describe the preparation of deuterium‐labeled ambroxol, its deuterium‐labeled tetrahydroquinazoline metabolite (DHTQ), carbon‐13‐labeled 3,5‐dibromoanthranilic acid metabolite, as well as an unlabeled O ‐glucuronide conjugate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Ligand Cleavage Put into Reverse: PC Bond Breaking and Remaking in an Alkylphosphane Iron Complex (2006)

Complex formation between FeX(2)6 H(2)O (X=BF(4) or ClO(4)) and the pyridine-derived tetrapodal tetraphosphane C(5)H(3)N[CMe(CH(2)PMe(2))(2)](2) (1) in methanol proceeds with solvent-induced cleavage of one PMe(2) group. Depending on the reaction temperature and the nature of the counterion, iron(II) is coordinated, in distorted square-pyramidal fashion, by the anionic remainder of the chelating ligand, C(5)H(3)N[CMe(CH(2)PMe(2))(2)][CMe(CH(2)PMe(2))(CH(2) (-))] (NP(3)C(-) donor set: X=BF(4), -50 degrees C: 2; X=ClO(4), RT: 4) or its protonated form C(5)H(3)N[CMe(CH(2)PMe(2))(2)][CMe(CH(2)PMe(2))(CH(3))], in which the methyl group is in agostic interaction with the metal centre (X=BF(4), RT: 3; X=ClO(4), +50 degrees C: 5). A monodentate phosphinite ligand Me(2)POMe, formed from the cleaved PMe(2) group and methanol, completes the coordination octahedron in both cases. Working in CD(3)OD (X=BF(4), RT) gives the deuterium-substituted analogue of 3, with ligands L(CH(2)D) (L=residual chelating ligand) and Me(2)POCD(3). A mechanism for the observed phosphorus-carbon bond cleavage is suggested. Complex 2, when isolated at -50 degrees C, is stable in the solid state even at room temperature. The reaction of 2 in methanol with carbon monoxide (10.5 bar) at elevated temperature forms, in addition to as yet unidentified side products, the carbonyl complex [(1)Fe(CO)](BF(4))(2) (7), in which the previous P--C bond cleavage has been reversed, reforming the original tetrapodal pentadentate NP(4) ligand 1. All compounds have been fully characterised, including X-ray structure analyses in most cases.
Application of phase three dimensional laser scanner in high altitude large volume irregular structure (2021)

The precise measurement and positioning of the outline of high-altitude massive special-shaped structure has a guiding role in the installation of its external curtain wall and other ancillary facilities. Traditionally, total station measurement and other technical methods are mostly used, which have the disadvantages of large workload, long time-consuming and low accuracy. This paper takes the high-altitude corridor enclosure structure of Chongqing Raffles Square as the research object, combines the characteristics of Leica Nova MS60 high-precision three-dimensional laser scanning total station which can accurately locate and Faro x330 three-dimensional laser scanner which can scan quickly, and puts forward an excellent combination of two instruments. Based on the point scanning method and the mathematical optimization theory, a high-precision registration formula for point clouds with special-shaped structures is derived. On the premise of meeting the registration accuracy of point clouds, the rapid scanning and global positioning of a large number of special-shaped components are realized, and precise data are provided for the rapid extraction of contours. It has great application prospects and important applications in reverse modeling and deviation analysis.
Dissociative Adsorption of Dimethyl Sulfoxide at the Ge(100)-2 × 1 Surface (2012)

Methods for passivating the germanium surface must be developed in order to fully exploit its electrical properties in devices. Passivation by formation of Ge–S bonds has proven most effective to date, spurring interest in adsorption of sulfur-containing molecules on the germanium surface. In this study, we investigate adsorption of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface in ultrahigh vacuum. By a combination of density functional theory calculations, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we find that DMSO undergoes two dissociative adsorption reactions on the Ge(100)-2 × 1 surface: S–C dissociation and S═O dissociation. The former produces a surface-bound methyl group and CH3SO fragment bound to germanium through the oxygen, while the latter yields adsorbed atomic oxygen and dimethyl sulfide, which desorbs to vacuum. It is shown that the reactivity of DMSO is greatly affected by the dipolar character of the sulfoxide bond, which drives the reaction toward those pathways mediated by oxygen dative bonds. Although DMSO does not form a covalent Ge–S bond that may passivate the surface, formation of surface-bound methyl species offers a new method for Ge–C bond formation.
CONSUMPTION OF THE MOLECULAR OXYGEN IN POLYMERIZATION SYSTEMS USING PHOTOSENSITIZED OXIDATION OF DIMETHYLANTHRACENE (2006)

ABSTRACT It is well known that the presence of oxygen in free radical polymerization systems leads to an inhibition period and a lowered ultimate conversion. In this contribution, we report a method for consuming molecular oxygen photochemically before the polymerization takes place, thereby allowing the reaction to proceed in an oxygen-free environment. The method is based on the generation of singlet oxygen by reaction of the ground state oxygen with the excited triplet state of the singlet oxygen generator (a porphyrin, Znttp). The singlet oxygen is then consumed by reaction with a second compound (the singlet oxygen trapper, dimethylanthracene). The possible factors that might affect the efficiency of the singlet oxygen generation/trapping processes were discussed and the effectiveness of a dimethylanthracene/Znttp combination for consumption of oxygen was investigated in two acrylate systems of different viscosity.
Defining interactions and distributions of cadherin and catenin complexes in polarized epithelial cells. (1994)

The cadherin/catenin complex plays important roles in cell adhesion, signal transduction, as well as the initiation and maintenance of structural and functional organization of cells and tissues. In the preceding study, we showed that the assembly of the cadherin/catenin complex is temporally regulated, and that novel combinations of catenin and cadherin complexes are formed in both Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions; we proposed a model in which pools of catenins are important in regulating assembly of E-cadherin/catenin and catenin complexes. Here, we sought to determine the spatial distributions of E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and plakoglobin, and whether different complexes of these proteins accumulate at steady state in polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. Protein distributions were visualized by wide field, optical sectioning, and double immunofluorescence microscopy, followed by reconstruction of three-dimensional images. In cells that were extracted with Triton X-100 and then fixed (Triton X-100-insoluble fraction), more E-cadherin was concentrated at the apical junction relative to other areas of the lateral membrane. alpha-Catenin and beta-catenin colocalize with E-cadherin at the apical junctional complex. There is some overlap in the distribution of these proteins in the lateral membrane, but there are also areas where the distributions are distinct. Plakoglobin is excluded from the apical junctional complex, and its distribution in the lateral membrane is different from that of E-cadherin. Cells were also fixed and then permeabilized to reveal the total cellular pool of each protein (Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions). This analysis showed lateral membrane localization of alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and plakoglobin, and it also revealed that they are distributed throughout the cell. Chemical cross-linking of proteins and analysis with specific antibodies confirmed the presence at steady state of E-cadherin/catenin complexes containing either beta-catenin or plakoglobin, and catenin complexes devoid of E-cadherin. Complexes containing E-cadherin/beta-catenin and E-cadherin/alpha-catenin are present in both the Triton X-100-soluble and -insoluble fractions, but E-cadherin/plakoglobin complexes are not detected in the Triton X-100-insoluble fraction. Taken together, these results show that different complexes of cadherin and catenins accumulate in fully polarized epithelial cells, and that they distribute to different sites. We suggest that cadherin/catenin and catenin complexes at different sites have specialized roles in establishing and maintaining the structural and functional organization of polarized epithelial cells.
Learning visual behavior for gesture analysis (2002)

A state-based method for learning visual behavior from image sequences is presented. The technique is novel for its incorporation of multiple representations into the Hidden Markov Model framework. Independent representations of the instantaneous visual input at each state of the Markov model are estimated concurrently with the learning of the temporal characteristics. Measures of the degree to which each representation describes the input are combined to determine an input's overall membership to a state. We exploit two constraints allowing application of the technique to view-based gesture recognition: gestures are modal in the space of possible human motion, and gestures are viewpoint-dependent. The recovery of the visual behavior of a number of simple gestures with a small number of low resolution image sequences is shown.