gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Second-Hand Smoke–Induced Cardiac Fibrosis Is Related to the Fas Death Receptor Apoptotic Pathway without Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway Involvement in Rats (2005)

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke has been epidemiologically linked to heart disease among nonsmokers. However, the molecular mechanism behind the pathogenesis of cardiac disease is unknown. In this study, we found that Wistar rats, exposed to tobacco cigarette smoke at doses of 5, 10, or 15 cigarettes for 30 min twice a day for 1 month, had a dose-dependently reduced heart weight to body weight ratio and enhanced interstitial fibrosis as identified by histopathologic analysis. The mRNA and activity of matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2), representing the progress of cardiac remodeling, were also elevated in the heart. In addition, we used reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting to demonstrate significantly increased levels of the apoptotic effecter caspase-3 in treated animal hearts. Dose-dependently elevated mRNA and protein levels of Fas, and promoted apoptotic initiator caspase-8 (active form), a molecule of a death-receptor-dependent pathway, coupled with unaltered or decreased levels of cytosolic cytochrome c and the apoptotic initiator caspase-9 (active form), molecules of mitochondria-dependent pathways, may be indicative of cardiac apoptosis, which is Fas death-receptor apoptotic-signaling dependent, but not mitochondria pathway dependent in rats exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS). With regard to the regulation of survival pathway, using dot blotting, we found cardiac insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF-1 receptor mRNA levels to be significantly increased, indicating that compensative effects of IGF-1 survival signaling could occur. In conclusion, we found that the effects of SHS on cardiomyocyte are mediated by the Fas death-receptor-dependent apoptotic pathway and might be related to the epidemiologic incidence of cardiac disease of SHS-exposed nonsmokers.
Biomechanical Role of Trabecula Networks in the Human Proximal Femur Under Static Loading (2004)

Finite element models of human femur were constructed from micro structural data measured by a three-dimensional cone beam CT with the resolution of a 0.35mm cube as a voxel size. The results of static analysis on the assumption with one-legged support standing revealed that the tensile stress in the lateral cortex of the femoral neck and the compressive stress in the medical cortex remarkably increased after removing the trabecula networks. The change of stress distribution means that the trabecula networks would make a contribution to dissipating the concentration of tensile and compressive stress in the region of femoral neck. Therefore, the stress concentration even in static condition will increase the fracture risk of femoral neck as osteoporosis advances.
Nanotopography Alters Nuclear Protein Expression, Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (2014)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells respond to physical cues present in their microenvironment such as substrate elasticity, geometry, or topography with respect to morphology, proliferation, and differentiation. Although studies have demonstrated the role of focal adhesions in topography-mediated changes of gene expression, information linking substrate topography to the nucleus remains scarce. Here we show by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and western blotting that A-type lamins and retinoblastoma protein are downregulated in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells cultured on 350 nm gratings compared to planar substrates; these changes lead to a decrease in proliferation and changes in differentiation potential.
Extended ECG Improves Classification of Paroxysmal and Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Based on P- and f-Waves (2022)

The P- and f-wave analysis of extended ECG configurations identified specific ECG features allowing improved classification of paroxysmal vs. persistent AF. The extended ECG significantly improved AF-type classification in our analyzed data as compared to a standard 10-s 12-lead ECG. Whether this can result in a better clinical AF type classification warrants further prospective study.
A 2,4GHz CMOS automatic matching network design for pacemaker application (2009)

International audience
Indirect recognition of allopeptides promotes the development of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (2001)

Graft loss from chronic rejection has become the major obstacle to the long-term success of whole organ transplantation. In cardiac allografts, chronic rejection is manifested as a diffuse and accelerated form of arteriosclerosis, termed cardiac allograft vasculopathy. It has been suggested that T-cell recognition of processed alloantigens (allopeptides) presented by recipient antigen-presenting cells through the indirect pathway of allorecognition plays a critical role in the development and progression of chronic rejection. However, definitive preclinical evidence to support this hypothesis is lacking. To examine the role of indirect allorecognition in a clinically relevant large animal model of cardiac allograft vasculopathy, we immunized MHC inbred miniature swine with synthetic polymorphic peptides spanning the alpha(1) domain of an allogeneic donor-derived swine leukocyte antigen class I gene. Pigs immunized with swine leukocyte antigen class I allopeptides showed in vitro proliferative responses and in vivo delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to the allogeneic peptides. Donor MHC class I disparate hearts transplanted into peptide-immunized cyclosporine-treated pigs not only rejected faster than unimmunized cyclosporine-treated controls (mean survival time = 5.5 +/-1.7 vs. 54.7 +/-3.8 days, P < 0.001), but they also developed obstructive fibroproliferative coronary artery lesions much earlier than unimmunized controls (<9 vs. >30 days). These results definitively link indirect allorecognition and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.
Evaluation of 70/30 poly (l-lactide-co-d,l-lactide) for use as a resorbable interbody fusion cage (2002)

Use of this material in interbody fusion may be a viable alternative to metals.
Key Management and Protection for IP Multimedia (2004)

This chapter describes a general framework for how to secure multimedia services and presents the protection of streaming media in heterogeneous environments. It reviews the scenarios and specific security requirements that these scenarios may put on a security solution. The chapter focuses on a few specific Internet Protocol multimedia applications and their security, the key management protocol Multimedia Internet KEYing, and the media security protocol Secure Real-time Transport Protocol. There are several security threats that can undermine the deployment of multimedia applications. Some of the more urgent threats to prevent are the following: unauthorized access to services, unauthorized access to sensitive data message manipulation, rogue or replayed messages and disturbance or misuse of network services. The design of protocols suitable for heterogeneous environments forces the designers to consider worst-case scenarios, in terms of bandwidth limitation, bit errors, round-trip delays, and so forth. An important aspect is the choice of the cryptographic algorithms, also called transforms.
Caffeine induces the splicing factor SC35 and regulates alternative splicing of a subset of cancer-associated genes: The KLF6 story (2007)

2575 Alternative pre-mRNA splicing adds to the complexity of gene expression by producing multiple splice variants from one single gene. Importantly, splice variants involved in differentiation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis often exist in a delicate equilibrium that is perturbed during tumorigenesis; indeed, efforts to use these splice variants as either biomarkers or drug targets are currently underway. Interestingly, many of the factors that control splicing are also overexpressed in tumors, strongly suggesting that aberrant splicing plays a major role in tumorigenesis and/or progression. To date, however, there is relatively little known about the regulation of alternative splicing either in normal or malignant cells, largely due to a lack of tools to recapitulate alternative splicing in a global system. In the present study, we report that caffeine, a highly consumed stimulant in the American diet and a widely used therapeutic agent, can induce expression of a subset of cancer-related splice variants. Using the tumor suppressor gene KLF6 as a prototype for this cancer gene subclass, we show that caffeine induces the expression of SpKLF6, a novel splice variant of KLF6 in a number of different cell lines. The induction of SpKLF6 (which involves aberrant inclusion of a cryptic exon designated exon 1a) is concentration-, time-dependent, and reversible. Importantly, caffeine induction is due to a direct affect on splice site selection, since other possibilities, such as SpKLF6 RNA stabilization by inhibition of nonsense-mediated decay, have been ruled out . Using a combination of KLF6 minigene deletion/mutation analyses and RNAi assays we have now identified two cis-acting RNA regulatory elements and the cognate splicing factors involved in SpKLF6 exon 1a alternative splicing. We show that the splicing factor SC35 is required for the caffeine-mediated induction of SpKLF6; importantly, SC35 itself is markedly induced by caffeine, implicating this factor in general caffeine-mediated splicing regulation. We hypothesize that caffeine mimics an endogenous and perhaps normal pathway that is activated in certain tumor cells. This novel effect of caffeine provides a valuable tool for dissecting alternative splicing regulation of a cancer-related gene subset, providing insight into the etiology of these tumor-specific variants. Current studies will determine whether caffeine can also regulate alternative splicing in vivo, an effect that could impact the use of cancer-specific splice variants as biomarkers and druggable targets.
Bayesian extension of MUSIC for sound source localization and tracking (2011)

This paper presents a Bayesian extension of MUSIC-based sound source localization (SSL) and tracking method. SSL is important for distant speech enhancement and simultaneous speech separation for improving speech recognition, as well as for auditory scene analysis by mobile robots. One of the drawbacks of existing SSL methods is the necessity of careful parameter tunings, e.g., the sound source detection threshold depending on the reverberation time and the number of sources. Our contribution consists of (1) automatic parameter estimation in the variational Bayesian framework and (2) tracking of sound sources with reliability. Experimental results demonstrate our method robustly tracks multiple sound sources in a reverberant environment with RT20 = 840 (ms). Index Terms: simultaneous sound source localization, MUSIC algorithm, variational Bayes, particle filter
A Distributed Numerical Approach to Interference Alignment and Applications to Wireless Interference Networks (2011)

Recent results establish the optimality of interference alignment to approach the Shannon capacity of interference networks at high SNR. However, the extent to which interference can be aligned over a finite number of signalling dimensions remains unknown. Another important concern for interference alignment schemes is the requirement of global channel knowledge. In this work, we provide examples of iterative algorithms that utilize the reciprocity of wireless networks to achieve interference alignment with only local channel knowledge at each node. These algorithms also provide numerical insights into the feasibility of interference alignment that are not yet available in theory.
Focused Ion Beam Applied to Non-Silicon Material: Cross Sectioning Microwave Devices (2000)

Abstract High-frequency devices such as monolithic microwave ICs (MMICs) are used in telecommunication devices as well as in satellites for earth imaging and radar applications. This article discusses the use of focused ion beam (FIB) cross sectioning and sample decoration techniques for analyzing MMICs and III-V materials.
Self-Awareness of Cloud Applications (2016)

Cloud applications today deliver an increasingly larger portion of the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) services. To address the scale, growth, and reliability of cloud applications, self-aware management and scheduling are becoming commonplace. How are they used in practice? In this chapter, we propose a conceptual framework for analyzing state-of-the-art self-awareness approaches used in the context of cloud applications. We map important applications corresponding to popular and emerging application domains to this conceptual framework, and compare the practical characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks of self-awareness approaches. Last, we propose a roadmap for addressing open challenges in self-aware cloud and datacenter applications.
Ovarian Aging and Menopause: Current Theories, Hypotheses, and Research Models (2005)

Aging of the reproductive system has been studied in numerous vertebrate species. Although there are wide variations in reproductive strategies and hormone cycle components, many of the fundamental changes that occur during aging are similar. Evolutionary hypotheses attempt to explain why menopause occurs, whereas cellular hypotheses attempt to explain how it occurs. It is commonly believed that a disruption in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis is responsible for the onset of menopause. Data exist to demonstrate that the first signs of menopause occur at the level of the brain or the ovary. Thus, finding an appropriate and representative animal model is especially important for the advancement of menopause research. In primates, there is a gradual decline in the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis ultimately resulting in irregularities in menstrual cycles and increasingly sporadic incidence of ovulation. Rodents also exhibit a progressive deterioration in HPG axis function; however, they also experience a period of constant estrus accompanied by intermittent ovulations, reduced progesterone levels, and elevated circulating estradiol levels. It is remarkable to observe that females of other classes also demonstrate deterioration in HPG axis function and ovarian failure. Comparisons of aging in various taxa provide insight into fundamental biological mechanisms of aging that could underlie reproductive decline.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Characterization of a New Class of Androgen Receptor Antagonists with Potential Therapeutic Application in Advanced Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 109K, Inhibition of VPC-3022 against wild-type AR in HeLa-AR cells. HeLa-AR cells transfected with ARR3tk-luciferase reporter were treated with VPC-3022 for 24 hours in various concentrations in the presence of 0.1 nM R1881. Error bars indicate standard deviation.&lt;/p&gt;
Solid-State Bipolar Marx Modulator Modeling (2014)

A mathematical model that simulates the operation of a solid-state bipolar Marx modulator topology, including the influence of parasitic capacitances is presented and discussed as a tool to analyze the circuit behavior and to assist the design engineer to select the semiconductor components and to enhance the operating performance. Simulations show good agreement with experimental results, considering a four stage circuit assembled with 1200 V isolated gate bipolar transistors and diodes, operating at 1000 V dc input voltage and 1-kHz frequency, giving 4 kV and 10-μs output pulses into several resistive loads. Results show that parasitic capacitances between Marx cells to ground can significantly load the solid-state switches, adding new operating circuit conditions.
Probing Dynamics of Water Mass Transfer in Organic Porous Photocatalyst Water-Splitting Materials by Neutron Spectroscopy (2021)

The quest for efficient and economically accessible cleaner methods to develop sustainable carbon-free energy sources induced a keen interest in the production of hydrogen fuel. This can be achieved via the water-splitting process and by exploiting solar energy. However, the use of adequate photocatalysts is required to reach this goal. Covalent triazine-based frameworks (CTFs) are potential target photocatalysts for water splitting. Both electronic and structural characteristics of CTFs, particularly energy levels, optical band gaps, and porosities are directly relevant to water splitting and can be engineered through chemical design. Porosity can, in principle, be beneficial to water splitting by providing a larger surface area for the catalytic reactions to take place. However, porosity can also affect both charge transport within the photocatalyst and mass transfer of both reactants and products, thus impacting the overall kinetics of the reaction. Here, we focus on the link between chemical design and water (reactant) mass transfer, which plays a key role in the water uptake process and the subsequent hydrogen generation in practice. We use neutron spectroscopy to study the mass transfer of water in two porous CTFs, CTF-CN and CTF-2, that differ in the polarity of their struts. Quasi-elastic neutron scattering is used to quantify the amount of bound water and the translational diffusion of water. Inelastic neutron scattering measurements complement the quasi-elastic neutron scattering study and provide insights into the softness of the CTF structures and the changes in librational degrees of freedom of water in the porous CTFs. We show that two different types of interaction between water and CTFs take place in CTF-CN and CTF-2. CTF-CN exhibits a smaller surface area and lower water uptake due to its softer structure than CTF-2. However, the polar cyano group interacts locally with water leading to a large amount of bound water and a strong rearrangement of the water hydration monolayer, while water diffusion in CTF-2 is principally impacted by microporosity. The current study leads to new insights into the structure-dynamics-property relationship of CTF photocatalysts that pave the road for a better understanding of the guest-host interaction on the basis of water-splitting applications.
Immune mechanisms against canine distemper. II. Role of antibody in antigen modulation and prevention of intercellular and extracellular spread of canine distemper virus. (1979)

Specific antibody was shown to be highly effective in neutralizing extracellular canine distemper virus (CDV) as well as preventing the intercellular spread of this virus. Thus, relatively low levels of antibody neutralized 1 x 10(5) TCID50 of extracellular CDV and the development of plaques or CPE in Hep-2 and Vero cells respectively could be prevented even when up to 5% of the cells were infected. This inhibition of CPE and virus spread was most pronounced when antibody was added early but could still limit the degree of CPE if added as late as 48 h post-infection. This anti-viral activity was observed in different cell types including canine macrophages, cells normally infected with CDV in vivo. Prolonged exposure of infected target cells to high concentrations of antibody led to redistribution of surface viral antigens and their subsequent disappearance. The possible role of antibody in the defence against, and/or recovery from CDV and the mechanism(s) by which antibody may aid in recovery are discussed.
SEPON, a Selection and Evaluation Pipeline for OligoNucleotides based on ESTs with a non-target Tm algorithm for reducing cross-hybridization in microarray gene expression experiments (2004)

SEPON, Selection and Evaluation Pipeline for OligoNucleotide generates n-mer oligonucleotide sequences from expressed sequence tags of non-annotated genomes for microarray gene-expression profiling. A non-target melting temperature (T(m)) algorithm will reduce cross-hybridization by estimating T(m) of oligonucleotide hybridization to non-specific targets (non-target T(m)) and discard oligonucleotides with non-target T(m) estimate above user-defined threshold. SEPON allows user-defined filtering, predicts exon location, assigns penalty based on 3' distance, GC content, secondary structure T(m) and non-target T(m) and ranks oligonucleotides for optimal selection.
Building Scalable and Robust Architecture for Ubiquitous Sensor Networks with the help of Design Patterns (2007)

Design patterns address a recurring design problem for a specific situation, and present a solution. Design patterns have proven useful in many engineering disciplines such as software engineering, business information processing, architectural design and so on. However, these patterns have not addressed sensor network specifically. With a growth of sensors and sensor networks, and considering their profound applicability, there is a crucial need to articulate ones experience of application development or deployment of sensor nodes in the form of design patterns to avoid the future mistakes. This paper discusses the same issue and show applicability of design patterns in ubiquitous sensor networks.
Ringdown Suppression for a Sonothrombolysis Catheter Using Principal Component Analysing Filtering (2018)

Therapeutic ultrasound catheters emit high pressure, low frequency, long cycle waveforms that are poorly suited for imaging. However, in the context of sonothrombolysis treatment, it would be advantageous for these catheters to perform real-time, in situ, treatment monitoring. An impediment to this goal is the ringdown artifact that extends for several microseconds in the pulse-echo RF data and obscures the signal derived from nearby tissue structures and the thrombus. In this study, we present preliminary results of a principal-component based filter that separates ringdown from tissue-derived signals and permits the analysis of a decorrelation-based metric of clot erosion. The method is demonstrated using an EkoSonic therapeutic ultrasound catheter in an in vitro blood clot dissolution model.
Rat hepatocyte morphology and function on lactose-derivatized polystyrene surfaces (2000)

Hepatocytes isolated from male Fisher 344VF rats were cultured on two substrates, collagen I and a lactose-derivatized polystyrene (PS-lactose), to compare morphological and functional differences. Hepatocyte morphology changed dramatically depending upon the substrate, shown through actin cytoskeletal staining and scanning electron microscopy. Functional assays performed included albumin secretion, reduced glutathione content, UDP-glucuronosyl transferase, and cytochrome P4501A1 activity. The presence of dexamethasone and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in the media was required for the maintenance of several differentiated functions for cells cultured on collagen. In general, cells cultured on the PS-lactose substrate showed a much slower loss of function over the same period of time. The maintenance of differentiated function of cells on PS-lactose was enhanced with the addition of dexamethasone and DMSO. This is the first report of a culture system in which hepatocytes, cultured on a polymer substrate without additional protein coatings or media additives, have been able to maintain differentiated functions for up to 1 week. (c) 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.