gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gasoline compression ignition approach to efficient, clean and affordable future engines (2017)

The worldwide demand for transport fuels will increase significantly but will still be met substantially (a share of around 90%) from petroleum-based fuels. This increase in demand will be significantly skewed towards commercial vehicles and hence towards diesel and jet fuels, leading to a probable surplus of lighter low-octane fuels. Current diesel engines are efficient but expensive and complicated because they try to reduce the nitrogen oxide and soot emissions simultaneously while using conventional diesel fuels which ignite very easily. Gasoline compression ignition engines can be run on gasoline-like fuels with a long ignition delay to make low-nitrogen-oxide low-soot combustion very much easier. Moreover, the research octane number of the optimum fuel for gasoline compression ignition engines is likely to be around 70 and hence the surplus low-octane components could be used without much further processing. Also, the final boiling point can be higher than those of current gasolines. The potential advantages of gasoline compression ignition engines are as follows. First, the engine is at least as efficient and clean as current diesel engines but is less complicated and hence could be cheaper (lower injection pressure and after-treatment focus on control of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions rather than on soot and nitrogen oxide emissions). Second, the optimum fuel requires less processing and hence would be easier to make in comparison with current gasoline or diesel fuel and will have a lower greenhouse-gas footprint. Third, it provides a path to mitigate the global demand imbalance between heavier fuels and lighter fuels that is otherwise projected and improve the sustainability of refineries. The concept has been well demonstrated in research engines but development work is needed to make it feasible on practical vehicles, e.g. on cold start, adequate control of exhaust carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons and control of noise at medium to high loads. Initially, gasoline compression ignition engines technology has to work with current market fuels but, in the longer term, new and simpler fuels need to be supplied to make the transport sector more sustainable.
Speech recognition in university classrooms (2002)

The LIBERATED LEARNING PROJECT (LLP) is an applied research project studying two core questions:1) Can speech recognition (SR) technology successfully digitize lectures to display spoken words as text in university classrooms?2) Can speech recognition technology be used successfully as an alternative to traditional classroom notetaking for persons with disabilities?This paper addresses these intriguing questions and explores the underlying complex relationship between speech recognition technology, university educational environments, and disability issues.
Multiple Myeloma: New Insights and Therapeutic Approaches (2000)

This review discusses the evolution of novel diagnostic and treatment strategies for multiple myeloma based upon increased understanding of basic disease pathogenesis. Although myeloma has remained an incurable illness to date, these new developments will derive treatments to improve outcome and achieve eventual cure. In Section I, Dr. Kyle reviews the results of current therapy for multiple myeloma, including high dose therapy and stem cell transplantation which have proven to achieve improved response rates, event-free, and overall survival. Supportive therapy, such as erythropoietin to treat disease-related anemia, and methods of prophylaxis against infection, which both lessen toxicities of treatment and improve quality of life for patients, are also addressed. In Section II, Dr. Dalton with Drs. Landowski, Shain, Jove and Hazlehurst discusses mechanisms of drug resistance in myeloma, with emphasis on novel treatment approaches to prevent development of drug resistance and to overcome drug resistance. Laboratory studies delineating mechanisms whereby myeloma cells resist drug-induced apoptosis provide the framework for related treatment protocols for patients with refractory disease. In Section III, Dr. Berenson reviews the management of complications in bone, which occur in the majority of patients with myeloma and are the major cause of decreased quality of life. New insights into the mediators of bone resorption and new bone formation in the marrow milieu have already derived effective bisphosphonate therapy. These drugs not only reduce bone complications and related pain, thereby improving quality of life, but also may have intrinsic anti-tumor activity by virtue of inducing tumor cell adherence to marrow, reducing interleukin-6 secretion, inducing tumor cell apoptosis, or inhibiting angiogenesis. In the last section, Dr. Anderson explores the potential for future therapies which offer great promise to improve patient outcomes. First, drugs which alter the marrow microenvironment include thalidomide and its derivative immunomodulatory drugs, which act directly on tumor cells to induce apoptosis or G1 growth arrest, alter tumor cell adhesion to marrow stroma, inhibit angiogenesis, and trigger a cellular anti-tumor response. The proteasome inhibitors both act directly on tumor cells and also inhibit the transcription factor NFκB-dependent upregulation of IL-6 secretion triggered by tumor cell adhesion. Second, delineation of both growth and apoptotic pathways has derived novel treatment strategies. Third, the preclinical basis and early clinical trial results using vaccination and adoptive immunotherapy to harness autoimmune and alloimmune anti-myeloma responses are presented. This review sets the stage for an evolving new biologically based treatment paradigm in myeloma targeting both the tumor and its microenvironment to improve outcome and achieve eventual cure.
Approaching the limits of two-phase boiling heat transfer: High heat flux and low superheat (2015)

We demonstrate capillary fed porous copper structures capable of dissipating over 1200 W cm−2 in boiling with water as the working fluid. Demonstrated superheats for this structure are dramatically lower than those previously reported at these high heat fluxes and are extremely insensitive to heat input. We show superheats of less than 10 K at maximum dissipation and varying less than 5 K over input heat flux ranges of 1000 W cm−2. Fabrication of the porous copper layers using electrodeposition around a sacrificial template allows fine control of both microstructure and bulk geometry, producing structures less than 40 μm thick with active region lateral dimensions of 2 mm × 0.3 mm. The active region is volumetrically Joule heated by passing an electric current through the porous copper bulk material. We analyze the heat transfer performance of the structures and suggest a strong influence of pore size on superheat. We compare performance of the current structure to existing wick structures.
Lessons from the neighborhood viewer: building innovative collaborative applications in Tcl and Tk (1996)

This paper discusses the development in Tk of a collaborative browser for scientific image databases. The browser, known as the &amp;quot;neighborhood viewer,&amp;quot; allows groups of neuroscientists to explore systematically a large collection of brain images. The paper discusses the application, its development, and a set of lessons learned during development. In particular, it shows how constraints and distributed constraints simplified development, discusses the implementation of a wavelet-based image format, and draws lessons about engineering experimental, evolving systems. This paper tells the story of a group of scientists working together to build an environment in which many people could work together to study the brain. There are many challenges for neuroscientists in brain research, but we focus on the lessons that computer scientists learned as we used Tcl and Tk to invent new interfaces and applications. Our efforts bear fruit not only in the neighborhood viewer application (pictured in...
3X Faster Speed Solid-State Drive with a Write Order Based Garbage Collection Scheme (2015)

Solid-state drives (SSDs) are over-taking hard disk drives (HDDs) as high-volume storage in enterprise servers and data centers. However, SSDs write performance is limited due to their inability to overwrite in-place and need for garbage collection. To reduce the garbage collection (GC) overhead, a logical block address (LBA) scrambler has been proposed. However, the LBA scrambler has two issues: (1) SSD performance decreases with a hot and random workload, and (2) the table size of the LBA scrambler may become upto 0.85% of the SSD capacity. In this work, a write order (WO) based GC scheme is proposed to solve the first issue. The number of valid pages in the NAND flash block, the write order and erase count of the block are considered for victim block selection during GC. One of the key advantages of the WO GC is that it does not require a clock inside the SSD, which will not operate if the SSD power is off. Further, to solve the second issue of the large table size, a Sector Bundling scheme is proposed. From the results, SSD performance is improved 3×, and the LBA scrambler table size is reduced 16%.
5G and beyond: Multi Baseband PSSS Architecture for 100 Gbps Wireless Communication (2020)

In this paper, our concepts for high-speed wireless transceivers that might achieve 100 Gbps in the near future are shown. The targeted carrier frequency is 240 GHz, and the parallel sequence spread spectrum (PSSS) is proposed as a modulation scheme. Although the PSSS is very rarely used for data communication, we show some exciting concepts for the practical realization of high-speed analog PSSS circuits. The PSSS has several advantages when used in high-speed applications. Moreover, we extend the basic PSSS concept by the idea of baseband signals combining. This significantly reduces processing effort and allows to process the baseband signal in parallel. Each baseband processing core can additionally use a parallel bank of AD and DA converters, so that processing of ultra-high-speed signals with relatively large bandwidth is further simplified.
Selective growth of GaN nanocolumns by Al thin layer on substrate (2007)

Abstract For the application of GaN nanocolumns, one of the most important issues is to control their shapes and positions. We demonstrated a selective RF‐MBE growth of GaN nanocolumns using patterned Al thin pre‐deposited layers on a substrate via their nitridation. As the nanocolumns were grown at the edge of the nitrided Al patterns, a possibility of controlling the shape and the position of nanocolumns was suggested. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Supplementary Fig. S7 from Potentiation of antileukemic therapies by Smac mimetic, LBW242: effects on mutant FLT3-expressing cells (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S7 from Potentiation of antileukemic therapies by Smac mimetic, LBW242: effects on mutant FLT3-expressing cells
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors: distinct neuronal and nonneuronal forms derived by alternative splicing differ in phosphorylation. (1991)

We have identified two distinct transcripts of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor by using the PCR on first-strand cDNAs from various rat tissues. The longer form, corresponding to the previously cloned adult rat brain inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, contains a 120-nucleotide insert between the two cAMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation consensus sequences. The shorter form (lacking the insert) predominates in fetal brain and peripheral tissues and appears to represent a nonneuronal receptor, whereas the longer form is found in adult brain and appears to be exclusively neuronal. The phosphorylation kinetics by cAMP-dependent protein kinase and the phosphopeptide maps differ for inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors purified from tissues predominantly expressing different forms of the transcript.
Virodynamic Predictors of Response to Pegylated Interferon and Lamivudine Combination Treatment of Hepatitis B e Antigen-Positive Chronic Hepatitis B (2008)

In the present study, mathematical modelling of viral dynamics allowed prediction of sustained virological response after 12 weeks of therapy. Virodynamic predictors for sustained virological response should be further validated. The area under the mathematically predicted HBV DNA curve seems a promising candidate for potential cutoff values as it summarizes the influence of baseline HBV DNA and treatment effects.
Fundamentals of Electrostatics (2012)

This is the introductory chapter of the book, which presents a short survey of electrostatic discharge (ESD) from manufacturing to product use. It discusses fundamentals of electrostatics, manufacturing electrostatic issues, component level issues, system level issues, to design. The chapter begins with a discussion on electrostatics. Next, it talks about tribo-electric charging that occurs when two bodies of materials come into physical contact, followed by separation of the two bodies. Static dissipative materials are the materials which are between the insulators and conductors. The advantage of having materials that are neither insulators nor conductors is the avoidance of static charge buildup or high currents. Semiconductor components are a stratified medium of layers that consists of metals, insulators, and static dissipative materials. The chapter talks about Coulomb's law, electromagnetism and electrodynamics. It further focuses on Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) and Electromagnetic interference (EMI). Controlled Vocabulary Terms conductors; electromagnetic compatibility; electromagnetic interference; electrostatic discharge; electrostatics; insulators
Uncovering a possible role of reactive oxygen species in magnetogenetics (2020)

Recent reports have shown that intracellular, (super)paramagnetic ferritin nanoparticles can gate TRPV1, a non-selective cation channel, in a magnetic field. Here, we report the effects of differing field strength and frequency as well as chemical inhibitors on channel gating using a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensitive promoter to express a secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter. Exposure of TRPV1-ferritin-expressing HEK-293T cells at 30 °C to an alternating magnetic field of 501 kHz and 27.1 mT significantly increased SEAP secretion by ~ 82% relative to control cells, with lesser effects at other field strengths and frequencies. Between 30-32 °C, SEAP production was strongly potentiated 3.3-fold by the addition of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin. This potentiation was eliminated by the competitive antagonist AMG-21629, the NADPH oxidase assembly inhibitor apocynin, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine, suggesting that ROS contributes to magnetogenetic TRPV1 activation. These results provide a rational basis to address the heretofore unknown mechanism of magnetogenetics.
Molecular analysis of the candidate tumor suppressor geneING1 in human head and neck tumors with 13q deletions (2000)

The candidate tumor-suppressor gene ING1 encodes p33(ING1), a nuclear protein which physically interacts with TP53. It has been shown that p33(ING1) acts in the same biochemical pathway as TP53, leading to cell growth inhibition. Interestingly, a rearrangement of the ING1 gene was found in a neuroblastoma cell line, supporting its involvement in tumor development. Because ING1 resides on the long arm of chromosome 13 (13q34) (a region frequently deleted in many tumor types), we sought to characterize its role in head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We first analyzed 44 primary tumors for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 13q, using four widely spaced microsatellite markers (13q14, 13q14.3-q22, 13q22, and 13q34). Twenty (48%) of the tumor samples showed LOH in all of the informative markers tested, including D13S1315 at 13q34. Two of the tumors displayed partial losses restricted to one marker (D13S118 at 13q14 in tumor 1164, and D13S135 at 13q14.3-q22 in tumor 1398). We then determined the genomic structure of the ING1 gene and sequenced the entire coding region in 20 primary tumors showing 13q LOH and in five head and neck cancer cell lines. A single germline polymorphism was detected in 10 of the tumors analyzed (T to C change) located 110 nucleotides upstream of the starting methionine. No somatic mutations were found in any of the samples, suggesting that ING1 is not a tumor suppressor gene target in head and neck cancer. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:319-322, 2000.
A large-scale exploration of effective global features for a joint entity detection and tracking model (2005)

Entity detection and tracking (EDT) is the task of identifying textual mentions of real-world entities in documents, extending the named entity detection and coreference resolution task by considering mentions other than names (pronouns, definite descriptions, etc.). Like NE tagging and coreference resolution, most solutions to the EDT task separate out the mention detection aspect from the coreference aspect. By doing so, these solutions are limited to using only local features for learning. In contrast, by modeling both aspects of the EDT task simultaneously, we are able to learn using highly complex, non-local features. We develop a new joint EDT model and explore the utility of many features, demonstrating their effectiveness on this task.
Stimuli-Responsive Silicon-Polymer Nanoparticles (2014)

Poly (dialkyl vinylphosphonate)s (PDAVPs) are an interesting class of polymers due to their thermoresponsive behavior close to the physiological range.[1] Rare Earth Metal-Mediated Group Transfer Polymerization (REM-GTP) is used to synthesize PDAVPs with narrow PDIs and high molecular weights.[2] In further studies we have shown the functionalization of hydride terminated silicon surfaces with PDAVPs applying Surface-Initiated GTP. These surfaces exhibit a temperature dependent change of polarity.[3] We used similar strategies to functionalize photoluminescent silicon nanoparticles with poly (diethyl vinylphosphonate) (PDEVP). Such hybrid nanoparticles still exhibit photoluminescence characteristics of silicon nanocrystals and the lower critical solution temperature effect of PDEVP above 35C.
Bone marrow transplantation reproduces the tristetraprolin-deficiency syndrome in recombination activating gene-2 (-/-) mice. Evidence that monocyte/macrophage progenitors may be responsible for TNFalpha overproduction. (1997)

Tristetraprolin-deficient [TTP (-/-)] mice exhibit a complex syndrome of myeloid hyperplasia, cachexia, dermatitis, autoimmunity, and erosive arthritis. Virtually the entire syndrome can be prevented by the repeated injection of anti-TNFalpha antibodies (Taylor, G.A., E. Carballo, D.M. Lee, W.S. Lai, M.J. Thompson, D.D. Patel, D.I. Schenkman, G.S. Gilkeson, H.E. Broxmeyer, B.F. Haynes, and P.J. Blackshear. 1996. Immunity. 4:445-454). In the present study, we transplanted bone marrow from TTP (-/-) and (+/+) mice into recombination activating gene-2 (-/-) mice. After a lag period of several months, marrow transplantation from the (-/-) but not the (+/+) mice resulted in the full syndrome associated with TTP deficiency, suggesting that hematopoietic progenitors are responsible for the development of the syndrome. Western blot analysis of supernatants from cultured TTP-deficient macrophages derived from the peritoneal cavity or bone marrow of adult TTP (-/-) mice, or from fetal liver, demonstrated an increased accumulation of TNFalpha after stimulation with LPS compared to control cells, and also increased accumulation of TNFalpha mRNA. This difference was not observed with cultured fibroblasts or T and B lymphocytes. These data suggest that macrophages are among the cells responsible for the effective excess of TNFalpha that leads to the pathology reported in TTP (-/-) animals, and that macrophage progenitors may be involved in the transplantability of this syndrome.
Advances and potential of omics studies for understanding the development of food allergy (2023)

The prevalence of food allergy continues to rise globally, carrying with it substantial safety, economic, and emotional burdens. Although preventative strategies do exist, the heterogeneity of allergy trajectories and clinical phenotypes has made it difficult to identify patients who would benefit from these strategies. Therefore, further studies investigating the molecular mechanisms that differentiate these trajectories are needed. Large-scale omics studies have identified key insights into the molecular mechanisms for many different diseases, however the application of these technologies to uncover the drivers of food allergy development is in its infancy. Here we review the use of omics approaches in food allergy and highlight key gaps in knowledge for applying these technologies for the characterization of food allergy development.
Controlling access to pervasive information in the "Solar" system (2002)

Abstract. Pervasive-computing infrastructures necessarily collect a lot of context information to disseminate to their context-aware applications. Due to the personal or proprietary nature of much of this context information, however, the infrastructure must limit access to context information to authorized persons. In this paper we propose a new access-control mechanism for event-based contextdistribution infrastructures. The core of our approach is based on a conservative information-flow model of access control, but users may express discretionary relaxation of the resulting access-control list (ACL) by specifying relaxation functions. This combination of automatic ACL derivation and user-specified ACL relaxation allows access control to be determined and enforced in a decentralized, distributed system with no central administrator or central policy maker. It also allows users to express their personal balance between functionality and privacy. Finally, our infrastructure allows access-control policies to depend on contextsensitive roles, allowing great flexibility. We describe our approach in terms of a specific context-dissemination framework, the Solar system, although the same principles would apply to systems with similar properties. 1
Polycystic ovary syndrome and its impact on women&rsquo;s quality of life: More than just an endocrine disorder (2009)

In the past, polycystic ovary syndrome has been looked at primarily as an endocrine disorder. Studies now show that polycystic ovary syndrome is a metabolic, hormonal, and psychosocial disorder that impacts a patient's quality of life. It is extremely important to holistically treat these patients early on to help them deal with the emotional stress that is often overlooked with polycystic ovary syndrome. Early diagnosis and long term management can help control polycystic ovary syndrome so that women can still live a healthy active life and avoid long-term complications such as metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases.