gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Defect Mitigation in Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Ruthenium on Titanium Nitride/Dielectric Nanopatterns (2019)

Abstract Area‐selective deposition (ASD) receives increasing attention as a bottom‐up approach for nanoelectronic device fabrication. Uptake of ASD is however limited by defects, which manifest as undesired particle growth on the nongrowth surface. A defect mitigation solution is demonstrated for Ru ASD on TiN/SiO 2 nanopatterns by making use of the size‐dependent Ru nanoparticle reactivity. During the initial stages of 1‐(ethylbenzyl)‐1,4‐(ethylcyclohexadienyl)ruthenium and oxygen (EBECHRu/O 2 ) atomic layer deposition (ALD) on dielectrics, Ru particles are too small to catalytically dissociate oxygen, and their growth is suppressed. This phenomenon creates an ASD process window in which particles can be completely etched while retaining the integrity of the ASD pattern on a TiN growth surface. Decreasing the ALD temperature strongly suppresses defect growth, which can be used to expand the process window for ASD. The ASD process window is confirmed by self‐focusing secondary ion mass spectrometry (SF‐SIMS) with its low limit of detection while analyzing 10 4 structures simultaneously. No defects are detected for Ru ASD on 36 nm TiN/SiO 2 patterns by SF‐SIMS. The Ru ASD process is applied for bottom‐up block patterning and functional hardmask patterns are obtained on 300 mm wafers. The approach followed in this work can produce defect‐free ASD processes for a wide variety of applications.
Preface (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceJoan F. BrenneckeJoan F. BrenneckeDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Notre Dame South Bend, IN 46556 [email protected] (email) 1 574 631 5847 (telephone) 1 574 631 8366 (fax) http://cbe.nd.edu/faculty/show/jfb/ (URL)More by Joan F. Brennecke, Robin D. RogersRobin D. RogersCenter for Green Manufacturing and Department of Chemistry Box 870336 The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 [email protected] (email) 1 205 348 4323 (telephone) 1 205 348 0823 (fax) http://bama.ua.edu/~rdrogers/(URL)More by Robin D. Rogers, and Kenneth R. SeddonKenneth R. SeddonThe QUILL Research Centre The Queen's University of Belfast Stranmillis Road Belfast BT9 5AG Northern Ireland, United Kingdom [email protected] (email) +44 28 90975420 (telephone) +44 28 90665297 (fax) http://quill.qub.ac.uk/ (URL)More by Kenneth R. SeddonDOI: 10.1021/bk-2007-0975.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):August 30, 2007Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 30 August 2007Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Ionic Liquids IVpp xi-xvACS Symposium SeriesVol. 975ISBN13: 9780841274457eISBN: 9780841221000Chapter Views442Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (481 KB) Get e-Alerts
Contribution of Lewy Body Inclusions to Dementia in Patients With and Without Alzheimer Disease Neuropathological Conditions (2000)

Lewy body inclusions appear to contribute significantly to cognitive deficits in the elderly in a manner that is independent of other neuropathological disorders. Arch Neurol. 2000;57:1145-1150
Gem-difluoromethylated and trifluoromethylated derivatives of DMDP-related iminosugars: synthesis and glycosidase inhibition (2016)

Gem-difluoromethylated and trifluoromethylated derivatives of DMDP-related iminosugars have been synthesized from cyclic nitrones 12, 13, 18, ent-18 or 23 and nitrone-derived aldehydes 20 or ent-20. The fluorinated iminosugars were assayed against various glycosidases, and ent-8 showed moderate but selective α-l-rhamnosidase inhibition. Difluoro or trifluoro units influenced the inhibitory activities of iminosugars in a more complex manner than single fluoro substitution. This may be correlated with their highly hydrophobic character and strong electron-withdrawing effect.
Incremental training intensities increases loads on the lower back of elite female rowers (2015)

Lumbar-pelvic kinematics change in response to increasing rowing stroke rates, but little is known about the effect of incremental stroke rates on changes in joint kinetics and their implications for injury. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of incremental rowing intensities on lower limb and lumbar-pelvic kinetics. Twelve female rowers performed an incremental test on a rowing ergometer. Kinematic data of rowers' ankle, knee, hip and lumbar-pelvic joints, as well as external forces at the handle, seat and foot-stretchers of the rowing machine were recorded. Inter-segmental moments and forces were calculated using inverse dynamics and were compared across stroke rates using repeated measures ANOVA. Rowers exhibited increases in peak ankle and L5/S1 extensor moments, reductions in peak knee moments and no change in peak hip moments, with respect to stroke rate. Large shear and compressive forces were seen at L5/S1 and increased with stroke rate (P < 0.05). This coincided with increased levels of lumbar-pelvic flexion. High levels of lumbar-pelvic loading at higher stroke rates have implications with respect to injury and indicated that technique was declining, leading to increased lumbar-pelvic flexion. Such changes are not advantageous to performance and can potentially increase the risk of developing injuries.
Prostate-Restricted Replicative Adenovirus Expressing Human Endostatin-Angiostatin Fusion Gene Exhibiting Dramatic Antitumor Efficacy (2008)

EndoAngio-PRRA uniquely combines three distinct antitumor effects to eliminate androgen-independent prostate cancer: antiangiogenesis, viral oncolysis, and apoptosis. This novel antiangiogenic PRRA represents a powerful agent feasible for future clinical trials for prostate cancer therapy.
Mesoporous titania implant coatings with and without calcium and strontium ion incorporation (2012)

Mesoporous titania implant coatings with and without calcium and strontium ion incorporation
Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database (2019)

The hydroxycarboxylic acid family of receptors (ENSFM00500000271913, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Hydroxycarboxylic acid receptors [32, 10]) respond to organic acids, including the endogenous hydroxy carboxylic acids 3-hydroxy butyric acid and L-lactic acid, as well as the lipid lowering agents nicotinic acid (niacin), acipimox and acifran [47, 54, 57]. These receptors were provisionally described as nicotinic acid receptors, although nicotinic acid shows submicromolar potency at HCA2 receptors only and is unlikely to be the natural ligand [54, 57].
Underlayer material influence on electric-field controlled perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in CoFeB/MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (2015)

We study the dependence of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy on the underlayer material in magnetic tunnel junction. Using several different 4d and 5d metals we identify an optimal seed layer in terms of high anisotropy, low mixing, and high thermal stability. In such systems we investigate the tunability of the anisotropy by means of electric fields. Especially, by using W as the underlayer of the CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB trilayer we could obtain good thermal stability that allows for annealing in the temperatures up to $450{\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$, which results in high perpendicular anisotropy.
Dopamine Inputs from the Ventral Tegmental Area into the Medial Prefrontal Cortex Modulate Neuropathic Pain-Associated Behaviors in Mice (2020)

The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is a brain region involved in the affective components of pain and undergoes plasticity during the development of chronic pain. Dopamine (DA) is a key neuromodulator in the mesocortical circuit and modulates working memory and aversion. Although DA inputs into the mPFC are known to modulate plasticity, whether and how these inputs affect pain remains incompletely understood. By using optogenetics, we find that phasic activation of DA inputs from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) into the mPFC reduce mechanical hypersensitivity during neuropathic pain states. Mice with neuropathic pain exhibit a preference for contexts paired with photostimulation of DA terminals in the mPFC. Fiber photometry-based calcium imaging reveals that DA increases the activity of mPFC neurons projecting to the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG). Together, our findings indicate an important role of mPFC DA signaling in pain modulation.
Imaging of Pre- and Post-synaptic Adaptations in the Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic System of MPTP-induced Parkinsonism (1988)

A selective destruction of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons by a systemic administration of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP, 1.5 to 2.5 mg/kg, i.v.) to rhesus monkeys causes a persistent parkinsonian syndrome (Burns et al., 1983). A near complete depletion of the striatal dopamine (DA) content induces an increase in the ratio of homovanillic acid to DA, a sprouting of the survived DA neurons, an up-regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase and L-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase and a supersensitivity in motor response to DA agonists (Chiueh, 1987). We used this primate model of parkinsonism in developing and evaluation of pre- and post-synaptic imaging ligands of DA neurons for in vivo brain imaging procedures, i.e., positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) and ex vivo autoradiography. In the present study, the MPTP-induced destruction of the DA nerve terminals in the basal ganglia was visualized in vivo by using a pre-synaptic PET ligand, 6-[F-18]-DOPA synthesized by Firnau et al. (1984). The denervation-induced supersensitive D-2 DA receptors in the caudate nucleus and putamen were imaging by a newly developed post-synaptic SPECT ligand, 3-[I-123]-IBZM (Kung et al., 1987) in unilaterally-lesioned animals.
Quantum computing with graphene plasmons (2019)

Abstract Among the various approaches to quantum computing, all-optical architectures are especially promising due to the robustness and mobility of single photons. However, the creation of the two-photon quantum logic gates required for universal quantum computing remains a challenge. Here we propose a universal two-qubit quantum logic gate, where qubits are encoded in surface plasmons in graphene nanostructures, that exploits graphene's strong third-order nonlinearity and long plasmon lifetimes to enable single-photon-level interactions. In particular, we utilize strong two-plasmon absorption in graphene nanoribbons, which can greatly exceed single-plasmon absorption to create a “square-root-of-swap” that is protected by the quantum Zeno effect against evolution into undesired failure modes. Our gate does not require any cryogenic or vacuum technology, has a footprint of a few hundred nanometers, and reaches fidelities and success rates well above the fault-tolerance threshold, suggesting that graphene plasmonics offers a route towards scalable quantum technologies.
Embracing Disciplinary Diversity in Visualization (2022)

Visualization is inherently diverse and is employed in countless domains to enable meaningful interactions with data. There is tremendous opportunity in embracing disciplinary diversity to widen the pool of contributions to visualization design, research, and practice. We describe a few examples of diverse approaches: scientific method, design studies, tool building, participatory research and co design with communities, data storytelling, and autographic design. We discuss opening the aperture, pushing back on what we, as a community, deem acceptable and rigorous, and what can be gained through greater inclusivity of approaches.
Automatic ONU Wavelength Control in TWDM PONs (2014)

Low cost and effective approaches for automatic ONU wavelength control in TWDM PONs are proposed by using low-power and low-frequency/low-data-rate signal from the tunable ONU transmitter. Experimental results validate the proposed approaches.
Homogeneous codes for energy-efficient illumination and imaging (2015)

Programmable coding of light between a source and a sensor has led to several important results in computational illumination, imaging and display. Little is known, however, about how to utilize energy most effectively, especially for applications in live imaging. In this paper, we derive a novel framework to maximize energy efficiency by "homogeneous matrix factorization" that respects the physical constraints of many coding mechanisms (DMDs/LCDs, lasers, etc. ). We demonstrate energy-efficient imaging using two prototypes based on DMD and laser illumination. For our DMD-based prototype, we use fast local optimization to derive codes that yield brighter images with fewer artifacts in many transport probing tasks. Our second prototype uses a novel combination of a low-power laser projector and a rolling shutter camera. We use this prototype to demonstrate never-seen-before capabilities such as (1) capturing live structured-light video of very bright scenes---even a light bulb that has been turned on; (2) capturing epipolar-only and indirect-only live video with optimal energy efficiency; (3) using a low-power projector to reconstruct 3D objects in challenging conditions such as strong indirect light, strong ambient light, and smoke; and (4) recording live video from a projector's---rather than the camera's---point of view.
Effect of Monkeypox Virus Preparation on the Lethality of the Intravenous Cynomolgus Macaque Model (2022)

For over two decades, researchers have sought to improve smallpox vaccines and also develop therapies to ensure protection against smallpox or smallpox-like disease. The 2022 human monkeypox pandemic is a reminder that these efforts should persist. Advancing such therapies have involved animal models primarily using surrogate viruses such as monkeypox virus. The intravenous monkeypox model in macaques produces a disease that is clinically similar to the lesional phase of fulminant human monkeypox or smallpox. Two criticisms of the model have been the unnatural route of virus administration and the high dose required to induce severe disease. Here, we purified monkeypox virus with the goal of lowering the challenge dose by removing cellular and viral contaminants within the inoculum. We found that there are advantages to using unpurified material for intravenous exposures.
Sharp phase transitions in LSPR probed by spectroscopic ellipsometry (2010)

status: Published
The Virtual Caliper: Rapid Creation of Metrically Accurate Avatars from 3D Measurements (2025)

Author: Pujades, Sergi et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Published online: 2019-02-21; Keywords: Abt. Black; Title: The Virtual Caliper: Rapid Creation of Metrically Accurate Avatars from 3D Measurements
The baton of World Congress on Inflammation 2009 (WCI09) has been handed over to JSIR: Meeting Report of WCI07 and Preparation for WCI09 (2007)

been handed over to JSIR now. This will be a joint
Centered Discretization with Application to Graphical Passwords (2008)

Discretization is used in click-based graphical passwords so that approximately correct entries can be accepted by the system. We show that the existing discretization scheme of Birget et al.(2006) allows for false accepts and false rejects because the tolerance region is not guaranteed to be centered on the original click-point, causing usability and security concerns. Using empirical data from a large user study, we show that this is a significant issue in practice. We then introduce Centered Discretization, a simpler discretization method that eliminates false accepts and false rejects. It also allows for smaller tolerance regions without impacting the usability of the system. 1
Cellular Model of Hydrogen Peroxide Release: In Preparation for On-Chip Sensor Measurements (2016)

Hydrogen peroxide is traditionally associated with cellular damage; however, recent studies show that low levels of H2O2 are released by cells as part of normal intercellular communication. The mechanisms of hydrogen peroxide transport, uptake and release, and biological effects are not yet well known but have important implications for cancer, stem cells, and aging. Standard H2O2 assays cannot make spatially or temporally resolved quantitative measurements at a cellular scale. Previously we developed a microelectrode array (MEA) and calibration methods for quantifying H2O2 gradients in space and time. The sensor was validated using artificial H2O2 gradients at subsecond and micrometer scale resolutions. The present study begins cellular work on H2O2 release to identify a cellular model system for MEA sensor testing. The morphology and H2O2 release from U937 human monocytes were analyzed after stimulation with ionomycin (1.2 ug/mL) and/or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Monocytes were stimulated with PMA (10 ng/mL to 150 ng/mL) for six hours. Hydrogen peroxide release was quantified over time using a traditional amplex red flurometric assay method. Mouse pancreatic beta (MIN6) cells were also tested as a negative control. Monocytes stimulated with PMA alone produced, on average, three times more H2O2 than those stimulated with ionomycin or a combination. Monocytes without ionomycin released H2O2 at 18.34 pmol/min/106 cells at 25 ng/mL of PMA. Ten, 25, and 100 ng/mL of PMA produced H2O2 significantly faster than the non-stimulated control. No significant difference was seen between PMA concentrations when ionomycin was added. These results indicate that PMA stimulated human monocytes may serve as a good model system for cellular validation of the H2O2 MEAs. In the future, biofunctionalization of the electrodes for additional molecular specificity will allow for the expansion of the method to other analytes, giving the sensor potential use in non-traditional lab environments with the ability to perform multiple assays autonomously.
Comparison of two x-ray phase-contrast imaging methods with a microfocus source (2013)

We present a comparison for high-resolution imaging with a laboratory source between grating-based (GBI) and propagation-based (PBI) x-ray phase-contrast imaging. The comparison is done through simulations and experiments using a liquid-metal-jet x-ray microfocus source. Radiation doses required for detection in projection images are simulated as a function of the diameter of a cylindrical sample. Using monochromatic radiation, simulations show a lower dose requirement for PBI for small object features and a lower dose for GBI for larger object features. Using polychromatic radiation, such as that from a laboratory microfocus source, experiments and simulations show a lower dose requirement for PBI for a large range of feature sizes. Tested on a biological sample, GBI shows higher noise levels than PBI, but its advantage of quantitative refractive index reconstruction for multi-material samples becomes apparent.
Design considerations and performance of a variable gain, variable bandwidth signal processing circuit for acoustoelectric imaging (2017)

Acoustoelectric (AE) imaging is a new technique for mapping current densities in the heart and brain at a high resolution determined by the size of the ultrasound (US) focus. Because the amplitude of the AE interaction signal in biological tissue is weak (on order of 1 μV), detection of small currents is challenging with poor signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Because optimal detection depends on minimizing background noise, the design and performance of the recording system, especially amplifiers and filters, is crucial for efficient and sensitive AE imaging. The amplitude and bandwidth of the AE signal depends on a variety of factors, including the US bandwidth and beam pattern, distribution of current densities, properties of the recording electrodes, and amount of averaging/sampling. The primary goal of this work was to optimize the design and performance of the acoustoelectric differential amplifier, including signal processing circuits, to minimize noise and maximize sensitivity for detection of the AE signal. Variable gain, band-pass filter (BPF) cutoffs, and bandwidth are critical design parameters for optimizing the AE imaging platform for mapping weak electric currents in tissue.
Researches on radiation performance improvement of microstrip reflectarray antennas (2013)

The performances of reflectarrays are mainly determined by the characteristics of the elements. In this communication, various microstrip reflectarray elements to improve reflectarray performances are reviewed. Based on the figures of merits of the element (reflection phase range, sensitivity, and bandwidth) multi-layer elements, concentric multi-ring / patch element, and subwavelength elements are reviewed. Also, reflectarrays with elements having bandgap characteristic to reduce mutual coupling between the elements are reviewed.
Researchtranscriptionally regulates ATM to control p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation (2010)

Background: ΔNp63α is an epithelial progenitor cell marker that maintains epidermal stem cell self-renewal capacity. Previous studies revealed that UV-damage induced p53 phosphorylation is confined to ΔNp63α-positive cells in the basal layer of human epithelium. Results: We now report that phosphorylation of the p53 tumour suppressor is positively regulated by ΔNp63α in immortalised human keratinocytes. ΔNp63α depletion by RNAi reduces steady-state ATM mRNA and protein levels, and attenuates p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. Conversely, ectopic expression of ΔNp63α in p63-null tumour cells stimulates ATM transcription and p53 Serine-15 phosphorylation. We show that ATM is a direct ΔNp63α transcriptional target and that the ΔNp63α response element localizes to the ATM promoter CCAAT sequence. Structure-function analysis revealed that the ΔNp63-specific TA2 transactivation domain mediates ATM transcription in coordination with the DNA binding and SAM domains. Conclusions: Germline p63 point mutations are associated with a range of ectodermal developmental disorders, and targeted p63 deletion in the skin causes premature ageing. The ΔNp63α-ATM-p53 damage-response pathway may therefore function in epithelial development, carcinogenesis and the ageing processes.
Geometry-Based Stochastic Channel Model for High-Speed Railway Communications (2019)

Reliable wireless communication links are a critical but challenging aspect for high-speed railway (HSR). To develop and analyze such systems, accurate models for the propagation channel are required. The radio channel properties in HSR scenarios are different from those in cellular scenarios not only due to the high velocity, but also due to the special construction elements and the type of surroundings along the train lines. We performed a measurement campaign at a carrier frequency of 2.4 GHz on the Guangzhou-Shenzhen dedicated high-speed train line in China. Motivated by the results from these measurements, we propose the concept of active scatterer region as an improvement for geometry-based stochastic channel models for HSR, to better describe the non-stationary properties of such channels. Further contributions to the total channel impulse response are also studied, including the line-of-sight component and the scattering component from overhead line poles. Each type of component is modeled and fully parameterized based on the measurement results.