gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion- and Erosion-Resistant Metal Matrix Nanocomposite Coatings for the Oil and Gas Industry (2016)

Abstract Ni-based metal-matrix nanocomposite (MMnC) coatings with diamond particles offer an interesting alternative to hard chromium and to conventional electroless Ni coatings, which are used in many components in the Oil and Gas industry. The properties of most value of electroless Ni for the industry are the thickness uniformity, excellent corrosion resistance and abrasion/erosion resistance. In this article we demonstrated that Ni-based MMnCs outperform conventional electroless Ni and hard chromium. Therefore, components manufactured with inexpensive base materials coated with MMnCs should have longer service life, which translates into lower operating cost. In this article we report hardness, erosion and corrosion tests of Ni-based MMnCs, and compare those results with commercially used Ni-B coatings. Ni-B coatings are usually favored over Ni-P in the applications experiencing erosive wear; however they are less resistant than Ni-P to corrosion attack. The results presented here demonstrate that Ni-based MMnC coatings outperform conventional electroless Ni-P and Ni-B, and are expected to outperform hard chromium. The novelty of the Ni-diamond MMnC coatings is in the ability to provide simultaneous corrosion and erosion protection for oil and gas tools and components.
Photovoltaic AC module composed of a very large number of interleaved inverters (2011)

A photovoltaic panel fitted with a large collection of low-power inverters integrated at the level of individual solar cells is used to design an ac module. To facilitate dc-ac power conversion, the inverter aggregate is controlled using interleaved carrier pulse width modulation. Every solar cell operates at its maximum power point even when the photovoltaic panel is partially shaded. Additionally, a very low switching frequency can be used to minimize switching losses without increasing output distortion. Both system-level and local control strategies are developed to regulate power output, energy storage, and ensure stable operation. Experimental and simulation results are presented to verify and demonstrate the proposed method.
Prosthetic forefoot and heel stiffness across consecutive foot stiffness categories and sizes (2022)

Prosthetic foot stiffness plays a key role in the functional mobility of lower limb prosthesis users. However, limited objective data exists to guide selection of the optimal prosthetic foot stiffness category for a given individual. Clinicians often must rely solely on manufacturer recommendations, which are typically based on the intended user's weight and general activity level. Availability of comparable forefoot and heel stiffness data would allow for a better understanding of differences between different commercial prosthetic feet, and also between feet of different stiffness categories and foot sizes. Therefore, this study compared forefoot and heel linear stiffness properties across manufacturer-designated stiffness categories and foot sizes. Mechanical testing was completed for five types of commercial prosthetic feet across a range of stiffness categories and three foot-sizes. Data were collected for 56 prosthetic feet, in total. Testing at two discrete angles was conducted to isolate loading of the heel and forefoot components, respectively. Each prosthetic foot was loaded for six cycles while force and displacement data were collected. Forefoot and heel measured stiffness were both significantly associated with stiffness category (p = .001). There was no evidence that the relationships between stiffness category and measured stiffness differed by foot size (stiffness category by size interaction p = .80). However, there were inconsistencies between the expected and measured stiffness changes across stiffness categories (i.e., magnitude of stiffness changes varied substantially between consecutive stiffness categories of the same feet). While statistical results support that, on average, measured stiffness is positively correlated with stiffness category, force-displacement data suggest substantial variation in measured stiffness across consecutive categories. Published objective mechanical property data for commercial prosthetic feet would likely therefore be helpful to clinicians during prescription.
A kaleidoscopic view of ovarian genes associated with premature ovarian insufficiency and senescence (2021)

Ovarian infertility and subfertility presenting with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and diminished ovarian reserve are major issues facing the developed world due to the trend of delaying childbirth. Ovarian senescence and POI represent a continuum of physiological/pathophysiological changes in ovarian follicle functions. Based on advances in whole exome sequencing, evaluation of gene copy variants, together with family-based and genome-wide association studies, we discussed genes responsible for POI and ovarian senescence. We used a gene-centric approach to sort out literature deposited in the Ovarian Kaleidoscope database (http://okdb.appliedbioinfo.net) by sub-categorizing candidate genes as ligand-receptor signaling, meiosis and DNA repair, transcriptional factors, RNA metabolism, enzymes, and others. We discussed individual gene mutations found in POI patients and verification of gene functions in gene-deleted model organisms. Decreased expression of some of the POI genes could be responsible for ovarian senescence, especially those essential for DNA repair, meiosis and mitochondrial functions. We propose to set up a candidate gene panel for targeted sequencing in POI patients together with studies on mitochondria-associated genes in middle-aged subfertile patients.
Scanning Voltage Microscopy on Buried Heterostructure Multiquantum-Well Lasers: Identification of a Diode Current Leakage Path (2004)

We report scanning voltage microscopy (SVM) results on actively driven buried heterostructure (BH) multiquantum-well (MQW) lasers that exhibit current blocking failure at high current injection operation. The measured two-dimensional image of local voltage distribution delineates the buried structures of the BH laser. The results, in combination with light-current-voltage (L-I-V) measurements, connect macroscopic external performance to measurements on the nanometer scale. Our experimental results suggest that the current blocking breakdown observed in the MQW BH lasers correlates with the turn-on of a diode leakage path when the devices are biased at high current injection.
Recommended Partition Coefficient (Kd) Values for Nuclide Partitioning in the Presence of Cellulose Degradation Products (2001)

This report documents the data analysis of the results of the described laboratory studies in order to recommend Kd values for use in Performance Assessment modeling of nuclide transport in the presence of CDP.
e-Thermal: Automobile Air-Conditioning Module (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;e-Thermal is a vehicle level thermal analysis tool developed by General Motors to simulate the transient performance of the entire vehicle HVAC and Powertrain cooling system. It is currently in widespread (global) use across GM. This paper discusses the details of the air-conditioning module of e-Thermal. Most of the literature available on transient modeling of the air conditioning systems is based on finite difference approach that require large simulation times. This has been overcome by appropriately modeling the components using Sinda/Fluint. The basic components of automotive air conditioning system, evaporator, condenser, compressor and expansion valve, are parametrically modeled in Sinda/Fluint. For each component, physical characteristics and performance data is collected in form of component data standards. This performance data is used to curve fit parameters that then reproduce the component performance. These components are then integrated together to form various A/C system configurations including orifice tube systems, txv systems and dual evaporator systems. The A/C subsystem uses airflow rates, temperatures, humidity's and compressor speed as inputs. The outputs include overall system energy balance, system COP, refrigerant flow rates and system pressures. The A/C simulation runs about three times faster to three times slower than real time. The modeling technique used is also capable of tracking the effect of system charge on the overall system performance. A database of automotive air conditioning components accompanies the simulation tool. This database is then integrated in e-Thermal to provide the component data for modeling. Validation results for component level models are demonstrated. They form the basis of system level models. System level validation is also demonstrated. The simulation times vary from 3 times faster than real time to 5 times slower than real time depending on the nature of the simulation.&lt;/div&gt;
Genome-wide methylation profiling and the PI3K-AKT pathway analysis associated with smoking in urothelial cell carcinoma (2013)

Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is the second most common genitourinary malignant disease in the USA, and tobacco smoking is the major known risk factor for UCC development. Exposure to carcinogens, such as those contained in tobacco smoke, is known to directly or indirectly damage DNA, causing mutations, chromosomal deletion events and epigenetic alterations in UCC. Molecular studies have shown that chromosome 9 alterations and P53, RAS, RB and PTEN mutations are among the most frequent events in UCC. Recent studies suggested that continuous tobacco carcinogen exposure drives and enhances the selection of epigenetically altered cells in UCC, predominantly in the invasive form of the disease. However, the sequence of molecular events that leads to UCC after exposure to tobacco smoke is not well understood. To elucidate molecular events that lead to UCC oncogenesis and progression after tobacco exposure, we developed an in vitro cellular model for smoking-induced UCC. SV-40 immortalized normal HUC1 human bladder epithelial cells were continuously exposed to 0.1% cigarette smoke extract (CSE) until transformation occurred. Morphological alterations and increased cell proliferation of non-malignant urothelial cells were observed after 4 months (mo) of treatment with CSE. Anchorage-independent growth assessed by soft agar assay and increase in the migratory and invasive potential was observed in urothelial cells after 6 mo of CSE treatment. By performing a PCR mRNA expression array specific to the PI3K-AKT pathway, we found that 26 genes were upregulated and 22 genes were downregulated after 6 mo of CSE exposure of HUC1 cells. Among the altered genes, PTEN, FOXO1, MAPK1 and PDK1 were downregulated in the transformed cells, while AKT1, AKT2, HRAS, RAC1 were upregulated. Validation by RT-PCR and western blot analysis was then performed. Furthermore, genome-wide methylation analysis revealed MCAM, DCC and HIC1 are hypermethylated in CSE-treated urothelial cells when compared with non-CSE exposed cells. The methylation status of these genes was validated using quantitative methylation-specific PCR (QMSP), confirming an increase in methylation of CSE-treated urothelial cells compared to untreated controls. Therefore, our findings suggest that a tobacco signature could emerge from distinctive patterns of genetic and epigenetic alterations and can be identified using an in vitro cellular model for the development of smoking-induced cancer.
IMMU-14. THERAPEUTIC MODULATION OF THE PHAGOCYTIC AXIS SPARKS ANTI-TUMOR CD8 T CELL RESPONSES IN GLIOBLASTOMA (2018)

As the most common primary brain tumor in adults, Glioblastoma (GBM) remains a major unmet medical need. With current treatment strategies, the median survival remains approximately 15 months, and recurrence occurs in nearly all cases. In this study we examine a novel role for the DNA-methylating agent temozolomide (TMZ) as an activator of innate immunogenicity in GBM. TMZ-mediated DNA damage promotes calreticulin (CRT) translocation to the plasma membrane of cancer cells where it functions as a driver of phagocytosis. Ancillary blockade of anti-phagocytic signaling through Cluster of Differentiation 47 (CD47) further enhances tumor cell uptake by bone-marrow derived macrophages (BMDM). Together these agents promote maturation of BMDM into antigen presenting cells (APCs), capable of initiating effector T cell responses in vitro. We recapitulate these findings in immune-competent preclinical models of GBM, where combination therapy significantly prolongs survival in a cytotoxic CD8+ T cell dependent manner. The results of this study indicate that phagocytic axis modulation is a novel strategy to reprogram the innate immune microenvironment, shifting the dynamic towards an ‘inflamed’ tumor phenotype. This novel approach to immunotherapy in GBM is highly translational and warrants further investigation in the clinical setting.
Evidence of acoustic wave focusing in a microscale 630 MHz Aluminum Nitride phononic crystal waveguide (2010)

This paper reports on the evidence of acoustic wave focusing in an Aluminum Nitride (AlN) phononic crystal (PC) waveguide by means of a PC-tapered lens at 630 MHz. The PC array exhibits a complete stop band ranging from 560 to 680 MHz. The phononic band gap (PBG) waveguide, which is obtained by opening a pathway having a width equal to one lattice constant of the PC array, forms a pass-band centered around 630 MHz inside the PBG. Experimental results also indicate an enhancement in the pass-band transmission (centered at 630 MHz) when the PC waveguide is cascaded with a PC tapered lens with respect to a PBG waveguide located two lattice constants away from the acoustic source. Acoustic waves were launched in the phononic crystals by means of wideband AlN piezoelectric lamb wave transducers, which were integrated in the same plane of the PC. All the devices were micro-fabricated in a three-mask post-CMOS compatible process.
Insulin-Stimulated Hydrolysis of a Novel Glycolipid Generates Modulators of cAMP Phosphodiesterase (1986)

Insulin action may involve the intracellular generation of low molecular weight substances that modulate certain key enzymes. The production of two substances that regulate the activity of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase was evaluated in cultured myocytes by incorporation of radiolabeled precursors. Insulin caused the rapid hydrolysis of a chemically undefined membrane glycolipid, resulting in the production of two related complex carbohydrates as well as diacylglycerol. Both the glycolipid precursor and the aqueous products were monitored by labeling with radioactive inositol and glucosamine. Depletion of the labeled precursor and the appearance of labeled water-soluble products and diacylglycerol occurred within 30 seconds after hormone treatment and was followed by rapid resynthesis of the precursor. The aqueous products that were radioactively labeled appeared chromatographically and electrophoretically identical to phosphodiesterase modulating activities produced by insulin from the same cells. The purified radiolabeled and bioactive substances had similar chemical properties. Hydrolysis of the glycolipid precursor and subsequent generation of products could be reproduced by incubation of extracted lipids with a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. These studies suggest that insulin stimulates an endogenous, selective phospholipase C activity that hydrolyzes a novel glycolipid, resulting in the generation of a complex carbohydrate-phosphate substance containing inositol and glucosamine that may mediate some of the actions of the hormone.
Effect of dislocations on the growth of p-type GaN and on the characteristics of p-n diodes (2017)

We investigate the influence of crystal defects on p-type GaN grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Sets of p-type GaN films were grown on sapphire substrates and on free-standing GaN (F-GaN) substrates simultaneously using various Et-Cp2Mg flow rates. Although there is a difference of two orders of magnitude between the threading dislocation densities of p-type GaN grown on sapphire and F-GaN substrates, there is no significant difference in hole concentration. However, there are problems with the surface morphology of p-type GaN grown on sapphire. The deterioration of the surface was caused by the difference in nanopipe density. The electrical properties of a p–n junction diode formed on sapphire with a high density of nanopipes were observed using emission microscopy under both forward- and reverse-bias conditions. Our results demonstrate that the nanopipes are electrically inactive, and that other types of threading dislocation have more influence on the current–voltage characteristics.
Differential role of diphenyleneiodonium, a flavoenzyme inhibitor, on p53-dependent and -independent cell cycle progression (1992)

We investigated the differential role of diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), which is widely used as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase, on the activation of cell cycle regulators in the cell cycle progression. DPI efficiently blocked the transition from G0/G1 to S phase by serum stimulation in quiescent HCT-116 (wild-type p53) and HL-60 (null p53) cells. Concomitant with G0/G1 arrest, HCT-116 cells treated with DPI resulted in strong and sustained upregulation of p53 and p21. p53- or p21-deficient HCT-116 cells using a small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly increased the progression into S phase by stimulation of DPI, compared with DPI alone. However, the silencing of p53 resulted in more efficient transition into S phase than the silencing of p21 siRNA and significantly inhibited p21 upregulation by DPI stimulation. Interestingly, brief exposure to DPI did not change p53 expression, but showed transient upregulation of p21 and G0/G1 arrest. These results suggest that p53 upregulation sustains G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and p21 upregulation by DPI stimulation in HCT-116 cells. In HL-60 cells, DPI also induced p21 upregulation in a p53-independent manner and the increase of p21 expression seems to be regulated by DPI-mediated ERK activation. Cyclin D1 expression was not significantly affected by DPI treatment in HCT-116 cells. However, in HL-60 cells, DPI irreversibly impaired cyclin D1 upregulation by serum stimulation and a much greater fraction of cells arrested in G0/G1 was observed in HL-60 cells than in HCT-116 cells at 24 h after brief DPI treatment. These results suggest that cyclin D1 is an important regulatory factor in the inhibition of cell cycle progression by DPI in HL-60 cells.
Oxygen Diffusion into Polymer‐Clay Composite Films as a Function of Clay Content and Temperature (2009)

Abstract Summary: A simple fluorescence technique is proposed for the measurement of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen into polystyrene‐clay composite films as a function of clay content and temperature. The composite films were prepared from a mixture of surfactant‐free pyrene‐labeled polystyrene latexes and modified Na‐montmorillonite clay of various compositions at room temperature. Diffusion measurements were performed with films at room temperature for seven different clay contents (0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 50 and 60 wt.%). The diffusion coefficients of oxygen increased from 7.4 × 10 −10 to 26.9 × 10 −10 cm 2 s −1 with increasing clay content. On the other hand, diffusion measurements were performed over a temperature range of 25–70 °C for 0, 5 and 20 wt.% clay content films. The calculated diffusion activation energies decreased from 2.44 to 0.44 kcal/mol with increasing clay content. No clay content and temperature effects were observed on quenching rate constant and mutual diffusion coefficient values. The results showed that the diffusion coefficients are strongly dependent on both the temperature and clay content in the film.
The Association of Weekly pre-Hemodialysis Systolic Blood Pressure and Following Week Mortality (2018)

This study confirms an association of L preSBP with increased short-term mortality which is maintained over the first HD year. Percent of L preSBP in prior weeks, switching between L and H, and "current" week L are all associated with short-term mortality risk, but "current" week L preSBP is most significant.
ADQI 7: the clinical management of the Cardio-Renal syndromes: work group statements from the 7th ADQI consensus conference (2010)

Many patients with heart failure have underlying renal dysfunction, and similarly, patients with kidney failure are prone to cardiac failure. This has led to the concept of cardio-renal syndromes, which can be an acute or chronic cardio-renal syndrome, when cardiac failure causes deterioration in renal function, or acute and/or chronic Reno-Cardiac syndrome, when renal dysfunction leads to cardiac failure. Patients who develop these syndromes have increased risk of hospital admission and mortality. Although there are clinical guidelines for managing both heart failure and chronic kidney disease, there are no agreed guidelines for managing patients with cardio-renal and/or Reno-Cardiac syndromes, as these patients have typically been excluded from clinical trials. We have therefore reviewed the currently available published literature to outline a consensus of current best clinical practice for these patients.
Laparoscopic radical partial nephrectomy of a renal tumour: Initial case report (1997)

Summary. Advances in laparoscopic surgery have been made with development of improving tools and techniques which have expanded the application of laparoscopy to include successful management of renal neoplasm. Herein, we present a case of an incidentally discovered lower pole renal tumour effectively treated by a laparoscopic ‘radical’ partial nephrectomy.
Attacks on the Search-RLWE problem with small errors (2017)

The Ring Learning-With-Errors (RLWE) problem shows great promise for post-quantum cryptography and homomorphic encryption. We describe a new attack on the non-dual search RLWE problem with small error widths, using ring homomorphisms to finite fields and the chi-squared statistical test. In particular, we identify a "subfield vulnerability" (Section 5.2) and give a new attack which finds this vulnerability by mapping to a finite field extension and detecting non-uniformity with respect to the number of elements in the subfield. We use this attack to give examples of vulnerable RLWE instances in Galois number fields. We also extend the well-known search-to-decision reduction result to Galois fields with any unramified prime modulus q, regardless of the residue degree f of q, and we use this in our attacks. The time complexity of our attack is O(nq2f), where n is the degree of K and f is the residue degree of q in K. We also show an attack on the non-dual (resp. dual) RLWE problem with narrow error distributions in prime cyclotomic rings when the modulus is a ramified prime (resp. any integer). We demonstrate the attacks in practice by finding many vulnerable instances and successfully attacking them. We include the code for all attacks.
Intracavity Gain and Absorption Dynamics of Hybrid Modelocked Semiconductor Lasers using Multiple Quantum Well Saturable Absorbers (1997)

Time resolved intracavity gain and saturable absorption dynamics, along with intracavity intensity pulse profiles and their corresponding spectrograms, were measured in an external cavity hybrid modelocked semiconductor diode laser. These measurements were performed to obtain fundamental information regarding the modelocking dynamics and to determine their role in the pulse shaping and chirping dynamics. The results of these experiments show that the integrating nonlinearity associated with gain depletion, coupled with group velocity dispersion, leads to asymmetric intensity pulse profiles with predominantly cubic temporal phase, while saturable absorption coupled with group velocity dispersion tends to linearize the chirp. Exploitation of these dynamics may allow researcher to generate optical pulses with higher peak intensities than previously reported.