gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Determination of the impact of a quality of transmission estimator margin on the dimensioning of an optical network (2008)

The impact of the quality of transmission estimator margin on the prediction accuracy for a connection establishment in network planning is studied as a function of the knowledge of the actual chromatic dispersion map.
Simultaneous All Port Operation of 4-Array SOA Module with Wavelength-Insensitive Parallel Optical Coupling Scheme (2012)

We have realized a wavelength-insensitive parallel optical lens coupling scheme and simultaneous driving of all 4 SOAs up to 300 mA in a 4-array integrated SOA module. We drastically improved loss variance over the wide wavelength range and thermal degradation in a module gain.
Naproxcinod shows significant advantages over naproxen in the mdx model of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2015)

In conclusion, this study shows that NO donation may have an important role, in addition to anti-inflammatory activity, in slowing down the progression of the disease in the mdx mouse model therefore positioning naproxcinod as a promising candidate for treatment of DMD.
The Activity and Enthalpy of Vaporization of Nicotine from Tobacco at Moderate Temperatures (2016)

Summary The vapor pressure of nicotine has been reported for unprotonated nicotine and for nicotine-water solutions. Yet no published values exist for nicotine in any commercially relevant matrix or for protonated forms (e.g., tobacco, smoke, electronic cigarette solutions, nicotine replacement products, nicotine salts). Therefore a methodology was developed to measure nicotine activity (defined as the vapor pressure from a matrix divided by the vapor pressure of pure nicotine). The headspace concentration of nicotine was measured for pure nicotine and tobacco stored at 23, 30, and 40 °C which allowed for conversion to vapor pressure and nicotine activity and for the estimation of enthalpy of vaporization. Burley, Flue-cured, Oriental, and cigarette blends were tested. Experiments were conducted with pure nicotine initially until the storage and sampling techniques were validated by comparison with previously published values. We found that the nicotine activity from tobacco was less than 1% with Burley &gt; Flue-cured &gt; Oriental. At 23 °C the nicotine vapor pressure averaged by tobacco type was 0.45 mPa for Oriental tobacco, 1.8 mPa for Flue-cured, 13 mPa for Burley while pure nicotine was 2.95 Pa. In general, the nicotine activity increased as the (calculated) unprotonated nicotine concentration increased. The nicotine enthalpy of vaporization from tobacco ranged from 77 kJ/mol to 92 kJ/mol with no obvious trends with regard to tobacco origin, type, stalk position or even the wide range of nicotine activity. The mean value for all tobacco types was 86.7 kJ/mol with a relative standard deviation of 6.5% indicating that this was an intrinsic property of the nicotine form in tobacco rather than the specific tobacco properties. This value was about 30 kJ/mol greater than that of pure nicotine and is similar to the energy needed to remove a proton from monoprotonated nicotine.
Peptide-Major Histocompatibility Complex Dimensions Control Proximal Kinase-Phosphatase Balance during T Cell Activation (2009)

T cell antigen recognition requires binding of the T cell receptor (TCR) to a complex between peptide antigen and major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHC), and this recognition occurs at the interface between the T cell and the antigen-presenting cell. The TCR and pMHC molecules are small compared with other abundant cell surface molecules, and it has been suggested that small size is functionally important. We show here that elongation of both mouse and human MHC class I molecules abrogates T cell antigen recognition as measured by cytokine production and target cell killing. This elongation disrupted tyrosine phosphorylation and Zap70 recruitment at the contact region without affecting TCR or coreceptor binding. Contact areas with elongated forms of pMHC showed an increase in intermembrane distance and less efficient segregation of CD3 from the large tyrosine phosphatase CD45. These findings demonstrate that T cell antigen recognition is strongly dependent on pMHC size and are consistent with models of TCR triggering requiring segregation or mechanical pulling of the TCR.
Formation of a Pt12 Cluster by Single‐Atom Control That Leads to Enhanced Reactivity: Hydrogenation of Unreactive Olefins (2013)

A platinum subnanocluster catalyst composed of 12 atoms was synthesized using a phenylazomethine dendrimer, which can assemble twelve PtCl4 units by stepwise complexation, followed by reduction to Pt(0). Unreactive olefins that were not activated by conventional 2 nm Pt nanoparticles were successfully hydrogenated by the subnanocluster. EWG = electron-withdrawing group.
Nonnumeric Computer Applications to Algebra, Trigonometry and Calculus (1983)

Algebra. Early automatic simplification programs employed an assemblage of ad hoc techniques such as collecting similar terms or factors, and employing transformations such as for all u: 1 U U, Ou*0, 0+ U--u. This approach is adequate for elementary simplification. However, the more sophisticated operations such as cancellation of polynomial greatest common divisors, factorization, solution of nonlinear equations, and simplification of radicals are far more efficient and easier to implement using a more systematic algebraic approach. Diverse topics make important contributions here. Particularly relevant topics are ring theory (including commutative, noncommutative and principal ideals), integral domains, Euclidean domains, unique factorization domains, field theory (including Galois, finite and quotient fields), algebraic geometry (including singular perturbations and catastrophe theory), p-adic numbers and valuation theory. Conversely, computer algebra can serve as a powerful tool for abstract algebra: Some systems have facilities that make it particularly easy to implement new algebraic structures, thus facilitating an empirical (perhaps exhaustive) study of some of their properties. For example, MACSYMA permits one to establish a new operator and declare that it has certain properties such as commutativity, associativity, left distributivity, etc. MACSYMA also has a so-called pattern matcher that makes it easy to establish automatic substitution rules such as q -k and k2 2_ 1. With the help of these mechanisms it is particularly easy to implement an additional known algebraic structure (such as quaternions) or to implement an original algebraic structure in order to help study its properties. MACSYMA also has a supplementary package that provides particularly strong support for investigations of commutative rings. For example, to establish R as the ring of polynomials in x, y, z and w over the integers mod 231 1, mod Z2 _ W3, one merely enters the commands
Practitioner‐Customizable Clinical Information Systems: A Case Study to Ground Further Research and Development Opportunities (2010)

The uptake of electronic records and information technology support in intensive care medicine has been slower than many people predicted. One of the engineering challenges to overcome has been the subtle, but important, variation in clinical practice in different units. A relatively recent innovation that addresses this challenge is practitioner‐customizable clinical information systems, allowing clinicians wide scope in adjusting their systems to suit their clinical practice. However, these systems present a significant design challenge, not only of added technical complexity, but in providing tools that support clinicians in doing many of the tasks of a software engineer. This paper reviews the use of a commercially available clinical information system that is intended to be practitioner‐customizable, and considers the further design and development of tools to support healthcare practitioners doing end‐user customization on their own clinical information systems.
Different norovirus genotypes in patients with gastroenteritis in Kuwait (2013)

Norovirus is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. The importance of this virus infection in Kuwait is not known. Eight out of 100 stool samples (8.0%) from children up to 5 years of age with gastroenteritis studied during 2006-2007 from one hospital, and 6 out of 70 stool samples (8.5%) from similar children studied from another hospital during 2010-2011 were positive for norovirus by RT-PCR. Out of these 170 samples studied from both hospitals, 10 samples were positive for norovirus when tested by ELISA. Phylogenetic tree analysis of norovirus strains showed that 50% of the norovirus strains belonged to genotype GII.4, and the predominant strain was GII.4 2006b. Other detected genotypes were GII.12, GII.b, GII.3, GII.8, and GII.7. This study highlights the importance of screening for norovirus infection in acute gastroenteritis and having a reporting system to understand better the epidemiology of norovirus infection in Kuwait.
Model predictive control of vapor compression systems. (2014)

Model Predictive Control (MPC) of vapor compression systems (VCSs) offers several advan-tages over conventional control methods (such as multivariable process control with selector logic) in terms of 1) the resulting closed-loop performance and 2) the control engineering design process. VCSs are multivariable systems and feature constraints on system variables and actua-tors that must be enforced during steady-state and transient operation. We present the design and validation of an MPC for a split ductless VCS. The design regulates room temperature with zero steady state error for unknown changes in the thermal load and enforces constraints on system variables such as compressor discharge temperature and actuator ranges and rates. We show how the MPC design can evolve during the engineering process by adding and modifying constraints and process variables. The design methodology provides guarantees in terms of closed loop sta-bility and convergence. Importantly, in contrast to other published results on MPC for VCSs, our design makes use of only available temperature measurements and does not require pressure or mass flow measurements which are typically not available in production VCSs.
S-16-4: PHARMACOKINETICS, PHARMACODYNAMICS, AND SAFETY RESULTS FROM A PHASE 1 MULTIPLE ASCENDING DOSE STUDY OF THE SELECTIVE ALDOSTERONE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR CIN-107 (2023)

Objective: To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of multiple ascending doses of the highly potent, selective small-molecule inhibitor of aldosterone synthase (CIN-107) in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 1 study in healthy volunteers. Design and methods: Subjects were randomized into 5 cohorts to receive CIN-107 or placebo once daily for 10 days. Cohorts 1 and 2 were placed on a low salt diet to stimulate aldosterone production and were administered 2.5 or 5.0 mg oral CIN-107, respectively. They also underwent an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge to increase aldosterone and cortisol levels to evaluate the specificity of CIN-107 for aldosterone synthase. Cohorts 3, 4, and 5 were placed on a normal salt diet and were administered 1.5, 2.5, or 0.5 mg oral CIN-107, respectively. Blood samples were collected prior to and after dosing on days 1 and 10 for measurement of plasma CIN-107 concentrations to characterize single-dose and steady-state pharmacokinetics. Pharmacodynamic measurements included aldosterone, cortisol, and electrolytes. Safety assessments included physical examination, electrocardiograms, orthostatic vital signs, and clinical laboratory evaluations, including renal function. Results: Fifty-four subjects completed the study. There were no deaths, serious adverse events, or discontinuations due to treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). All TEAEs in subjects receiving CIN-107 were mild in severity. Plasma concentrations of CIN-107 increased proportionally with ascending doses. CIN-107 was rapidly absorbed, with peak concentrations observed within 4 hours after dosing. Mean half-life was 26–31 hours. A dose-dependent reduction of plasma aldosterone occurred with CIN-107 doses ≧1.5 mg, regardless of normal or low salt diet. Decreases in plasma aldosterone started on Day 1 and were sustained, with levels reduced by approximately 51–73% on Day 10 (Figure 1). CIN-107 had no meaningful impact on plasma cortisol levels. The urine sodium:potassium ratio increased on Day 1 and diminished by Day 10, an effect mediated by greater elimination of sodium on Day 1 compared to Day 10. A mild increase in the blood urea nitrogen:creatinine ratio and a mild reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (&lt;15%) suggest that CIN-107 produced a mild diuretic effect. Conclusions: CIN-107 was safe and well tolerated and resulted in dose-dependent increases in plasma CIN-107 with a half-life that supports once-daily dosing. The dose-dependent decrease in plasma aldosterone, transient increase in sodium excretion, and mild diuretic effect support continued study in ongoing phase 2 clinical trials evaluating the efficacy and safety of CIN-107 for treatment-resistant or uncontrolled hypertension and primary aldosteronism.
Gated contact chains for process characterization in FinFET technologies (2014)

Contact Chain is a well known element of the diagnostic set of test structures used across many generations of silicon processes. Implementation of such test structures becomes challenging in new technologies with 3D devices, like FinFET. Contacts to active regions of such devices are inherently dependent on the architecture of epitaxial raised source and drain and for proper characterization require the presence of transistor gates, which set the environment for contacts. This paper describes examples of test structures for contact process development for FinFET technologies. Instead of simple chain of contacts, each structure contains a series of active devices with common gate electrode used to turn on the chain of transistors to enable measurement of chain resistance. To discriminate between chain failures caused by an open contact or by other mechanisms (e.g. bad transistor with very high threshold voltage) a series of measurement under various test conditions is performed and analysed to extract the contact failure rate. We also demonstrate the application of such structures in FinFET process characterization.
Selective nucleation control in periodical poling for quasi-phase-matched wavelength converters (2003)

Summary form only given. In electric field poling, high voltage is applied to a ferroelectric crystal to reverse the polarization. Micro nuclei are generated and penetrate the crystal (nucleation), and then the domain walls move sidewise from the nucleation points (wall movement). Here we demonstrate a successful method to fabricate a periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ structure by separating nucleation and wall movement. In the nucleation process, high nucleation density is achieved by choosing the pulse width and pulse number. In the wall movement process, a uniform periodic structure is formed with flat domain walls. This technique can be applied to domain patterning in other ferroelectrics and could be a powerful solution to fabricating complicated domain structures such as short-period QPM devices and nano-scale nonlinear photonic crystals.
An interaction map of circulating metabolites, immune gene networks, and their genetic regulation (2017)

This study provides a detailed map of natural variation at the blood immunometabolic interface and its genetic basis, and may facilitate subsequent studies to explain inter-individual variation in cardiometabolic disease.
Regiosymmetric Dibutyl-Substituted Poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene)s as Highly Electron-Rich Electroactive and Luminescent Polymers (2002)

We report the synthesis of the dibutyl derivative of poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) as a regiosymmetric and soluble electroactive and photoluminescent conjugated polymer obtained in the neutral form by a Grignard metathesis coupling reaction. Molecular weights have been characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI−TOF) mass spectrometry, the latter showing end groups due to H/H, H/Br, and Br/Br termini. Solution-cast films of PProDOT-Bu2 are reddish-purple with a λmax value of 544 nm as deposited (576 nm after electrochemical annealing) and an electronic band gap of 1.8 eV. In solution, the polymer displays a strong deep red photoluminescence, and transient absorption studies reveal that direct excitation also affords a long-lived triplet state with low-to-moderate quantum efficiency. The photoluminescence is considerably weaker in the solid state, presumably due to rapid nonradiative decay at interchain trap sites. The polymer is easily oxidized with an E1/2 of ∼0.2 V vs Ag/Ag+ when prepared either by solution casting of the chemically synthesized polymer or by direct electrodeposition and provides a distinct electrochromic switch from a deep red-purple to a highly transmissive sky blue. Similar spectral changes are observed upon solution doping, and conducting films (up to 7 S/cm) have been prepared which exhibit a high level of ambient stability.
Boron Trifluoride-Assisted Reaction of Perfluoroalkyllithiums with Imines. A Novel Route to Perfluoroalkylated Amines (1988)

Abstract In the presence of BF3, perfluoroalkyllithiums were found to react with imines to give perfluoroalkylated amines in moderate to good yields.
Design of Test Rigs for a Dry Dual Clutch and its Electromechanical Actuator (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Dual Clutch Transmissions with dry electromechanically actuated clutches have emerged on the market recently. In order to provide their favorable operation in terms of the clutch torque control, it is very important to have a good knowledge on the system behavior related to the actuator dynamics, the dry friction coefficient behavior, and the thermal dynamics. This paper describes two test rigs developed to support the research work on a dry dual clutch with a lever-based electromechanical actuation system. The first test rig (actuation system test rig) provides a basis for a comprehensive multi-step identification of the actuation system parameters and characterization of the overall system behavior. This test rig includes a modified dual clutch assembly including a built-in sensor for the purpose of direct normal force measurement. The second test rig (transmission test rig) is aimed at providing support for more comprehensive characterization of the actuation system under realistic operating conditions and characterization of the clutch torque transfer dynamics/friction coefficient behavior, thermal dynamics, and wear. Both test rigs are computer controlled and include measurements of all main system variables. Functionality of the test rigs is demonstrated by characteristic experimental results.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Pierre Auger Observatory V: Enhancements (2011)

Abstract Not Provided
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 5‐Acyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrroles and Related Heterocycles via Intramolecular 2‐Propylidene‐1,3‐bis(silane)‐ Acylnitrilium Ion Cyclizations. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Growth model for carbon nanotubes (1992)

Evidence is presented, through high-resolution electron microscopy images, for the open-end growth of carbon nanotubes. Terminations of incomplete layers of carbon, seen on the tube surfaces and cone tips, suggest that the extension and thickening of the tubes occur by the island growth of graphite basal planes on existing tube surfaces. The nucleation of positive (pentagons) and negative (heptagons) disclinations on open tube ends results in changes of growth directions, producing different morphologies. A novel structure that shows complete ``turn around growth,'' involving pentagon-heptagon pairs, of the tubular assemblies is presented.
Zinc‐Binding Groups Modulate Selective Inhibition of MMPs (2008)

The need for selective matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibition is of interest because of the range of pathologies mediated by different MMP isoforms. The development of more selective MMP inhibitors (MMPi) may help to overcome some of the undesired side effects that have hindered the clinical success of these compounds. In an effort to devise new approaches to selective inhibitors, herein we describe several novel MMPi and show that their selectivity is dependent on the nature of the zinc-binding group (ZBG). This is in contrast to most current MMPi, which obtain isoform selectivity solely from the peptidomimetic backbone portion of the compound. In the present study, six different hydroxypyrone and hydroxypyridinone ZBGs were appended to a common biphenyl backbone and the inhibition efficiency of each inhibitor was determined in vitro (IC(50) values) against MMP-1, -2, -3, -7, -8, -9, -12, and -13. The results show that the selectivity profile of each inhibitor is different as a result of the various ZBGs. Computational modeling studies were used to explain some trends in the observed selectivity profiles. To assess the importance of the ZBG in a biological model, two of the semiselective, potent MMPi (and one control) were evaluated using an isolated perfused rat heart system. Hearts were subjected to ischemia reperfusion injury, and recovery of contractile function was examined. In this model, only one of the two MMPi showed significant and sustained heart recovery, demonstrating that the choice of ZBG can have a significant effect in a relevant pathophysiological endpoint.
Effects of Taurine as Dietary Supplement on the Biological and Demographic Parameters ofNezara viridula(Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (2023)

The southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), is a widely distributed pest of many economically important crops. Because of its economic impact, multiple examples of rearing methods and diets for N. viridula have been published. However, rearing this pest year-round consistently in all-vegetable diets has been challenging. Preliminary observations have shown that supplementing N. viridula diet with insect components improves the survival and reproduction of this insect. We hypothesized that taurine could be the nutrient present in insect components that was providing the benefits. Treatments consisting of three different watering regimes: 1) Reverse osmosis (RO) water only (W), 2) 2% taurine solution only (T), and 3) a choice between RO water and 2% taurine solution (T&W) were compared for their effects on life cycle and demographic parameters of N. viridula. Both taurine-containing treatments (T and T&W) resulted in a significant increase in nymphal and premating adult survival and egg viability as compared with treatment 'W'. Taurine supplementation did not have significant effect on fecundity and development time significantly increased in the 'T' treatment compared with W and W&T treatments. However, there were significant improvements in demographic parameters showing an increase in fitness levels after taurine supplementation. These results suggest that taurine is an important nutrient for N. viridula, which has been deficient in traditional diets consisting exclusively of vegetable components. Adoption of this new information will help to improve the survival of N. viridula in culture to facilitate this study to develop new methods for its control.