gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct acoustic velocity vector measurements for evaluation of multichannel sound reproduction systems with signals of varied partial coherence (2023)

In multichannel sound reproduction systems, the perceived virtual auditory scene is strongly influenced by inter-channel phase-shifts and the degree of mutual coherence among channel signals. Such degrees of freedom may be employed to effect an expanded virtual sound stage or a sense of spaciousness, but they also may lead to unwanted spectral coloration, diffuse or ambiguous virtual source locations, or startling and disorienting spatial image perceptions often described as “phaseyness.” Such effects may be described and understood in terms of the acoustic velocity in the vicinity of the listener. In this work we present theoretical predictions of the acoustic velocity vector for a stereo reproduction system with channel signals of varying phase and levels of mutual coherence, and we report direct measurements of the acoustic velocity vector employing a 3D sound intensity probe for several specific cases. Acoustic velocity vector predictions and measurements also are correlated with listener perceptions. The presented measurements are also compared to subjective localization of sound sources. The direct measurement of the acoustic velocity vector in spatial sound reproduction systems is a useful tool to quantitatively evaluate the performance of multi-channel spatial audio reproduction systems, to predict listener perceptions of the acoustic field reproduced by such systems, and to investigate the impact of early reflections in a room on localization.
Smart connected worker edge platform for smart manufacturing: Part 2—Implementation and on‐site deployment case study (2022)

Abstract In this paper, we describe specific deployments of the Smart Connected Worker (SCW) Edge Platform for Smart Manufacturing through implementation of four instructive real‐world use cases that illustrate the role of people in a Smart Manufacturing paradigm through which affordable, scalable, accessible, and portable (ASAP) information technology (IT) acquires and contextualizes data into information for transmission to operation technologies (OT). For case one, the platform captures the relationships between energy consumption and human workflows for improved energy productivity while workers interact with machines during semiconductor manufacturing. The platform utilizes human cognition to identify anomalous machine behavior for root cause analysis of system faults via neural network (NN) that recognize alarm postures of workers with cameras. For case two, a smart assembly line is demonstrated for state monitoring and fault detection. Machine learning (ML) models are used to recognize system states and identify fault scenarios with human intervention. For case three, the platform monitors human–machine interactions to classify manufacturing machine states for proper operations and energy productivity. Internal energy states of individual or collections of manufacturing equipment are determined via NN based algorithms that disaggregate signals associated with smart metering typically deployed at manufacturing facilities. These methods predict the real time energy profile of each machine from the total energy profile of a manufacturing site. For case four, a software defined sensor system built with scientific workflow engines is demonstrated for contextualizing data from laser surface refraction for characterization, and diagnostics in the processing of additively manufactured titanium alloy.
The Effect of Complement Factor H Y402H Polymorphism on the Outcome of Photodynamic Therapy in Age-related Macular Degeneration (2007)

The dysfunction of the CFH related to the risk of AMD and caused by the Y402H polymorphism does not modify the outcome of PDT. Genotyping for CFH Y402H cannot be used to select patients for this treatment.
1274 Full-Open Reading Frames of Transcripts Expressed in the Developing Mouse Nervous System (2004)

As part of the trans-National Institutes of Health (NIH) Mouse Brain Molecular Anatomy Project (BMAP), and in close coordination with the NIH Mammalian Gene Collection Program (MGC), we initiated a large-scale project to clone, identify, and sequence the complete open reading frame (ORF) of transcripts expressed in the developing mouse nervous system. Here we report the analysis of the ORF sequence of 1274 cDNAs, obtained from 47 full-length-enriched cDNA libraries, constructed by using a novel approach, herein described. cDNA libraries were derived from size-fractionated cytoplasmic mRNA isolated from brain and eye tissues obtained at several embryonic stages and postnatal days. Altogether, including the full-ORF MGC sequences derived from these libraries by the MGC sequencing team, NIH_BMAP full-ORF sequences correspond to approximately 20% of all transcripts currently represented in mouse MGC. We show that NIH_BMAP clones comprise 68% of mouse MGC cDNAs > or =5 kb, and 54% of those > or =4 kb, as of March 15, 2004. Importantly, we identified transcripts, among the 1274 full-ORF sequences, that are exclusively or predominantly expressed in brain and eye tissues, many of which encode yet uncharacterized proteins.
A New Synthesis of Sulfur‐, Nitrogen‐ and Oxygen‐Containing Eight‐Membered Ring Lactams (2009)

Abstract Bi(NO 3 ) 3 ‐catalyzed ring expansion of five‐membered ring 1,4‐diketones in the presence of primary amines leads to eight‐membered ring lactams. When applied to starting materials with a tetrahydrothiophene or pyrrolidine moiety, tetrahydro‐2 H ‐1,4‐thiazocin‐3‐ones and hexahydro‐1,4‐diazocin‐2‐ones are obtained as representatives of these very rare heterocyclic systems. In the case of tetrahydrofuran derivatives, other reaction conditions are required and yields of tetrahydro‐2 H ‐1,4‐oxazocin‐3‐ones are very low.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Paramagnetic Centres in Oxidised Coal (2010)

This paper comprises the results obtained by continuous wave (cw)/pulse electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy for oxidised coals. The values of EPR linewidths are different for samples of coal treated by different chemical agents. The asymmetric EPR line shape indicates to complex composition of paramagnetic centres in coal. In coal oxidised by HNO 3 big changes of linewidth with temperature were observed. For all samples the spin-lattice relaxation time T 1 was determined by pulse EPR method. The correlation between used chemical agents and the value of T 1 was established.
High aspect ratio nanoneedle probes with an integrated electrode at the tip apex (2012)

Many nanoscale characterization techniques require high aspect ratio nanoneedle probes with an integrated electrode that is electrically insulated everywhere except at the tip apex. We report the utilization of electron beam induced deposition, focused ion beam milling, and atomic layer deposition to fabricate such probes at the sub-100 nm length scale. This fabrication method is highly reproducible and enables precise control of the probe dimensions. Subsequent electrodeposition at the integrated electrode enables customized functionalization of the tip apex. These probes have clear applications in scanning electrochemical microscopy-atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, apertureless near-field optical microscopy, and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Quality factor of MEMS and NEMS AlN Contour Mode Resonators in liquid media (2009)

Miniaturized resonant sensors for biological applications are required to operate in liquids and their quality factor (Q) is important in setting their limit of detection. This work presents the first theoretical analysis and experimental verification of the behavior of AlN Contour Mode M/NEMS Resonators (CMRs) in liquids. CMRs are based on in-plane lateral vibrations and therefore deemed to perform well in liquids, similarly to shear-based devices. This study shows that the Q in water of four 250 nm thick AlN CMRs with different frequencies of operation on the same silicon die (182 MHz to 3.45 GHz) increases with frequency (up to 90 at 3.45 GHz) in agreement with the theory and is independent of the device surface area. Therefore, miniaturization and frequency scaling of AlN CMRs can be advantageously exploited to operate in liquids.
The 62Pak IGBT modules employing 1700V SPT++ chip set for 175°C operation (2016)

In this paper, we present a newly developed 62Pak with optimized IGBT and diode performance for high temperature operations. The latest generation of ABB's enhanced planar 1700V IGBT (SPT++) has been improved by introducing a new termination concept and silicon design. Diode leakage current at 175°C has been significantly reduced by introducing the field shielded anode concept while still keeping the same electrical characteristics of the previous soft SPT+ diode platform. All mentioned features enable the development of a 1700V 62Pak module rated at 300A and operating at -40°C to 175°C junction temperature range with low losses and high Safe Operating Area (SOA).
Distribution of ClC-2 chloride channel in rat and human epithelial tissues (2002)

The ubiquitous ClC-2 Cl − channel is thought to contribute to epithelial Cl − secretion, but the distribution of the ClC-2 protein in human epithelia has not been investigated. We have studied the distribution of ClC-2 in adult human and rat intestine and airways by immunoblotting and confocal microscopy. In the rat, ClC-2 was present in the lateral membranes of villus enterocytes and was predominant at the basolateral membranes of luminal colon enterocytes. The expression pattern of ClC-2 in the human intestine differed significantly, because ClC-2 was mainly detected in a supranuclear compartment of colon cells. We found significant expression of ClC-2 at the apex of ciliated cells in both rat and human airways. These results show that the distribution of ClC-2 in airways is consistent with participation of ClC-2 channels in Cl − secretion and indicate that extrapolation of results from studies of ClC-2 function in rat intestine to human intestine is not straightforward.
Impact of dislocations on the thermal conductivity of gallium nitride studied by time-domain thermoreflectance (2019)

GaN thermal conductivity (κGaN) of hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown GaN (HVPE GaN), high nitride pressure grown GaN (HNP GaN), and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition grown GaN on sapphire (GaN/sapphire) and on Si(111) (GaN/Si) are measured as 204.7 (±4.6), 206.6 (±6.8), 191.5 (±10.5), and 164.4 (±3.2) W/m K, respectively, using the time-domain thermoreflectance technique. Dislocation densities (σD) of HVPE GaN, HNP GaN, GaN/sapphire, and GaN/Si are measured as 4.80 (±0.42) × 105, 3.81 (±0.08) × 106, 2.43 (±0.20) × 108, and 1.10 (±0.10) × 109 cm−2, respectively, using cathodoluminescence and X-ray diffraction studies. Impurity concentrations of Si, H, C, and O are measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy studies. The relationship between κGaN and σD is modeled through a new empirical model κGaN = 210 tanh0.12(1.5 × 108/σD). A modified Klemens's model, where dislocation induced scattering strength is increased, is proposed to explain the experimental rate of decrease in κGaN with increasing σD. Overall, this work reports how κGaN of heteroepitaxially-grown GaN can be estimated based on σD, providing key design guidelines for thermal management in GaN semiconductor devices.
Use of Bipolar Laparoscopic Forceps to Occlude and Transect the Retroperitoneal Vasculature: A Porcine Model (2003)

The PK bipolar cutting forceps appear to be effective in controlling and dividing the renal hilar vessels and larger low-pressure vessels of the porcine retroperitoneum, with no gross damage to adjacent structures. Although further studies are necessary before use during laparoscopic nephrectomy in humans, these results are promising. Bipolar cutting forceps may prove to be a safe, cost-effective, and time-saving device with numerous applications during urologic laparoscopy.
Control of wavelength and decay time of photoluminescence for InAs quantum dots grown on InP(311)B using the digital embedding method (2016)

A lattice-matched InGaAs and InAlAs superlattice (SL) was used to embed InAs quantum dots (QDs) on an InP(311)B substrate; this is called the digital embedding method (DEM). We controlled the emission wavelength of the InAs QDs by changing the period of the SL or the ratio of the thickness of InGaAs to that of InAlAs. In addition, we investigated the time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) of the InAs QDs using the DEM. The decay time of the PL from the QDs was estimated by fitting a single exponential curve and was 380 ps in the DEM sample and 700 ps in the reference sample with a conventional InGaAlAs barrier. The decay time was clearly altered by changing the embedding structure. Therefore, carrier dynamics could be controlled using the DEM.
Molecular Orbital Calculation for BaTiS3. (2000)

The electronic structure of BaTiS3 was investigated using a discrete-variational Xα (DV-X α) method on the model cluster. In the calculation of [Ba6Ti3S48]72- cluster, the band gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) was 0.98 eV, which was much smaller than that of ionic crystal, BaTiO3. In the valence band region, S 3p orbitals hybridized with Ti 3d orbitals, while not with atomic orbitals of Ba atom. Net charges calculated for the [Ba6Ti3S48]72- cluster were + 1.911 for Ba, + 0.750 for Ti and -0.682 for S, respectively. Furthermore, the bond overlap population of Ti-S bond was very large, compared with the Ti-Ti and Ba-S bonds. These results indicate that the covalent interaction between Ti and S atoms plays a dominant role on chemical bond of BaTiS3 crystal.
Synthesis and structural characterization of a new cyanomanganate(III) complex, heptapotassium .mu.-oxo-bis[pentacyanomanganate(III)]cyanide (1974)

The final product resulting from the reaction of KMnO_4 and KCN in saturated aqueous solution is a gold-brown compound K_7[(CN)_5MnOMn(CN)_5]CN, as established by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. Full-matrix leastsquares&#13;\nrefinement included anisotropic temperature parameters for all atoms and converged with a final R index (on F) of&#13;\n0.091. The structure contains the oxo bridged [Mn_2O(CN)_(10)]^(6-) ion, which has 2/m crystallographic symmetry with the bridging oxygen atom lying at a center of symmetry. The ion exists in an eclipsed rotomeric configuration. The Mn-O distance is relatively short, 1.723 (4) Å. Crystallographically independent potassium ions are coordinated to the nitrogen ends of cyanide groups in trigonal prismatic, octahedral, and square antiprismatic geometries. Crystal data are as follows: orthorhombic;&#13;\nspace group Ibɑm; ɑ = 12.397 (8), b = 12.772 (8), c = 14.618 (7) A (temperature 23°); Z = 4; d_(obsd) = 1.98,&#13;\nd_(calcd) = 1.97 g/cm^3. The synthesis, isolation, and physical characteristics of K_7[Mn_2O(CN)_(10)]CN are reported along with spectral and magnetic data. The principal features in the infrared spectrum are cyanide stretching bands centered around 2090 cm^(-1). The optical absorption spectrum in a KBr pellet consists of a primary band at 370 nm with a prominent shoulder at 410 nm and a weak shoulder at approximately 610 nm. The gold-brown crystals are strongly pleochroic, the crystals being&#13;\ncolorless when the E vector is parallel to the long needle axis. This characteristic serves as a convenient means of identification for this substance. At room temperature K_7[Mn_2O(CN)_(10)]CN is diamagnetic.
Elongase Gene And Production Of Delta9-polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (Patent US 2005/0089981 A1) (2005)

This invention relates to a new elongase gene having the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or its derivatives, to a gene construct comprising this sequence or its derivatives and to its use. The inventive nucleic acid sequence encodes a polypeptide which elongates alpha-linolenic acid (C&lt;SUB&gt;18:3 d9, 12, 15&lt;/SUB&gt;) by at least two carbon atoms whereas gamma-linolenic acid (C&lt;SUB&gt;18:3 d6, 9, 12&lt;/SUB&gt;) is not elongated. The invention additionally relates to vectors or organisms comprising an elongase gene having the sequence SEQ ID NO: 1 or its derivatives. The invention further relates to a process for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids (=PUFAs) with an organism which comprises the elongase gene and which organism produces high amounts of oils and especially oils with a high content of unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally the invention relates to an oil and/or fatty acid composition with a higher content of polyunsaturated C&lt;SUB&gt;20 &lt;/SUB&gt;or C&lt;SUB&gt;22 &lt;/SUB&gt;fatty acids with at least two double bonds and/or to a triacylglycerol composition with a higher content of said polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Protective effects of various BRMs against Candida albicans infection in mice. (1987)

マウスのカンジダ菌血症モデルで, 6種類の免疫賦活化剤 (Biological response modifer : BRM) の感染防御効果を比較検討し, 宿主防御機構増強による深在性真菌症の予防と治療の可能性を考察した.その結果, 使用したOK-432, LPS, リピドA, レンチナン, レバミゾール, インドメタシンの6種類すべてについてカンジダ感染に対する予防効果が観察されたが, 特にレンチナン, レバミゾールでは強い効果が認められた.また, OK-432, レンチナン, レバミゾールについては治療効果も観察され, これらBRMの真菌感染に対する免疫療法への応用の可能性が示唆された.また生存曲線の比較から, 感染初期のみ有効なリピドA, 比較的感染後期に効果が著明になるレンチナンおよびレバミゾールの2群に分けられた.感染後期に有効なレンチナン, レバミゾールは, 細胞性免疫成立後のマクロファージの殺菌作用に対して強力な増強作用を示すのではないかと考えられ, この2剤についてマクロファージのカンジダ増殖抑制作用を測定したところ有意に活性が上昇していた.これらBRM, 特にレンチナン, レバミゾールでは広範にわたる免疫賦活作用を持つことより, 実際の抗カンジダ効果にはそれぞれのBRMに特有なファクターが関与している可能性が示唆された.
Depletion Assisted Hemin Affinity (DAsHA) Proteomics Reveals an Expanded Landscape of Heme Binding Proteins (2022)

Abstract Heme b (iron protoporphyrin IX) plays important roles in biology as a metallocofactor and signaling molecule. However, the targets of heme signaling and the network of proteins that mediate the exchange of heme from sites of synthesis or uptake to heme dependent or regulated proteins are poorly understood. Herein, we describe a quantitative mass spectrometry-based chemoproteomics strategy to identify exchange labile hemoproteins in human embryonic kidney HEK293 cells that may be relevant to heme signaling and trafficking. The strategy involves depleting endogenous heme with the heme biosynthetic inhibitor succinylacetone (SA), leaving putative heme binding proteins in their apo- state, followed by the capture of those proteins using hemin-agarose resin and finally elution and identification by mass spectrometry. By identifying only those proteins that interact with high specificity to hemin-agarose relative to control beaded agarose in a SA-dependent manner, we have expanded the number of proteins and ontologies that may be involved in binding and buffering labile heme or are targets of heme signaling. Notably, these include proteins involved in chromatin remodeling, DNA damage response, RNA splicing, cytoskeletal organization and vesicular trafficking, many of which have been associated with heme through complimentary studies published recently. Taken together, these results provide support for the emerging role for heme in an expanded set of cellular processes from genome integrity to protein trafficking and beyond.
Molecular View of Cholesterol Flip-Flop and Chemical Potential in Different Membrane Environments (2009)

The relative stability of cholesterol in cellular membranes and the thermodynamics of fluctuations from equilibrium have important consequences for sterol trafficking and lateral domain formation. We used molecular dynamics computer simulations to investigate the partitioning of cholesterol in a systematic set of lipid bilayers. In addition to atomistic simulations, we undertook a large set of coarse grained simulations, which allowed longer time and length scales to be sampled. Our results agree with recent experiments (Steck, T. L.; et al. Biophys. J. 2002, 83, 2118-2125) that the rate of cholesterol flip-flop can be fast on physiological time scales, while extending our understanding of this process to a range of lipids. We predicted that the rate of flip-flop is strongly dependent on the composition of the bilayer. In polyunsaturated bilayers, cholesterol undergoes flip-flop on a submicrosecond time scale, while flip-flop occurs in the second range in saturated bilayers with high cholesterol content. We also calculated the free energy of cholesterol desorption, which can be equated to the excess chemical potential of cholesterol in the bilayer compared to water. The free energy of cholesterol desorption from a DPPC bilayer is 80 kJ/mol, compared to 67 kJ/mol for a DAPC bilayer. In general, cholesterol prefers more ordered and rigid bilayers and has the lowest affinity for bilayers with two polyunsaturated chains. Overall, the simulations provide a detailed molecular level thermodynamic description of cholesterol interactions with lipid bilayers, of fundamental importance to eukaryotic life.
Cardio-renal syndromes: report from the consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (2009)

A consensus conference on cardio-renal syndromes (CRS) was held in Venice Italy, in September 2008 under the auspices of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI). The following topics were matter of discussion after a systematic literature review and the appraisal of the best available evidence: definition/classification system; epidemiology; diagnostic criteria and biomarkers; prevention/protection strategies; management and therapy. The umbrella term CRS was used to identify a disorder of the heart and kidneys whereby acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. Different syndromes were identified and classified into five subtypes. Acute CRS (type 1): acute worsening of heart function (AHF-ACS) leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction. Chronic cardio-renal syndrome (type 2): chronic abnormalities in heart function (CHF-CHD) leading to kidney injury and/or dysfunction. Acute reno-cardiac syndrome (type 3): acute worsening of kidney function (AKI) leading to heart injury and/or dysfunction. Chronic reno-cardiac syndrome (type 4): chronic kidney disease leading to heart injury, disease, and/or dysfunction. Secondary CRS (type 5): systemic conditions leading to simultaneous injury and/or dysfunction of heart and kidney. Consensus statements concerning epidemiology, diagnosis, prevention, and management strategies are discussed in the paper for each of the syndromes.
Spatial Channel Network (SCN): Opportunities and Challenges of Introducing Spatial Bypass Toward the Massive SDM Era [Invited] (2019)

Considering middle-term predictions of the need for commercial 10-Tb/s optical interfaces working in 1-P b/s optical transport systems by 2024 and recalling the introduction of the optical bypass when entering the wavelength-abundant era in the early 2000s, we re-evaluate the values of hierarchical optical network architecture in light of the forthcoming massive spatial division multiplexing (SDM) era. We introduce a spatial channel (SCh) network (SCN) architecture, where the SDM layer is explicitly defined as a new networking layer that supports the new multiplexing technology of SDM. In an SCN, optical channels (OChs) accommodated in an express SCh bypass the overlying wavelength cross-connects (WXCs) using spatial cross-connects (SXCs) on the route. As one challenge that SCNs will present, we point out that an excessively large SXC insertion loss reduces the optical reach for spectrally groomed OChs. We show that the optical reach of spectrally groomed OChs can be maintained at almost the same level as that for an OCh transported through a conventional single-layer WDM network thanks to the low-loss features of commercially available spatial switches and foreseeable low-loss SDM multiplexers and demultiplexers. As another challenge, we discuss how to achieve growable, reliable, and cost-effective SXCs. We propose two SXC architectures based on sub-matrix switches and core-selective switches. Simple cost assessment shows that the proposed architectures are more cost-effective than the full-size matrix switch-based architecture with 1 + 1 equipment protection and conventional stacked WXC architecture.