gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal quasi-static stability predicts changes in dog gait on rough terrain (2017)

Legged animals utilize gait selection to move effectively and must recover from environmental perturbations. We show that on rough terrain, domestic dogs, <i>Canis lupus familiaris</i>, spend more time in longitudinal quasi-statically stable patterns of movement. Here, longitudinal refers to the rostro-caudal axis. We used an existing model in the literature to quantify the longitudinal quasi-static stability of gaits neighbouring the walk, and found that trot-like gaits are more stable. We thus hypothesized that when perturbed, the rate of return to a stable gait would depend on the direction of perturbation, such that perturbations towards less quasi-statically stable patterns of movement would be more rapid than those towards more stable patterns of movement. The net result of this would be greater time spent in longitudinally quasi-statically stable patterns of movement. Limb movement patterns in which diagonal limbs were more synchronized (those more like a trot) have higher longitudinal quasi-static stability. We therefore predicted that as dogs explored possible limb configurations on rough terrain at walking speeds, the walk would shift towards trot. We gathered experimental data quantifying dog gait when perturbed by rough terrain and confirmed this prediction using GPS and inertial sensors (<i>n</i>=6, <i>P</i><0.05). By formulating gaits as trajectories on the <i>n</i>-torus we are able to make tractable the analysis of gait similarity. These methods can be applied in a comparative study of gait control which will inform the ultimate role of the constraints and costs impacting locomotion, and have applications in diagnostic procedures for gait abnormalities, and in the development of agile legged robots.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Inactivation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A Enhances Antitumoral Immune Response by Promoting Dendritic Cell and T Lymphocyte Infiltration (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Inactivation of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A Enhances Antitumoral Immune Response by Promoting Dendritic Cell and T Lymphocyte Infiltration
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Properties of Supported Gold Nanoparticles in Organic Syntheses (2014)

Abstract Review: 86 refs.
Synthesis of P-Chiral Phosphine Ligands and Their Applications in Asymmetric Catalysis (2014)

This review describes the recent progress of the synthesis of P-chiral phosphine ligands and their applications in transition-metal-catalyzed asymmetric reactions. Many enantiomerically pure P-chiral phosphine ligands have been prepared by the use of phosphine-boranes as the intermediates. Among the ligands prepared hitherto, the bidentate ligands with tert-butyl groups at the phosphorus atoms exhibit remarkably high enantioinduction ability in many catalytic asymmetric reactions, particularly in rhodium-catalyzed hydrogenations. Both enantiomers of air-stable ligands, QuinoxP* and BenzP*, are produced via (R)- and (S)-tert-butylmethylphosphine-boranes. These two ligands have been successfully used not only in asymmetric hydrogenations but also in enantioselective carbon-carbon or carbon-heteroatom bond-forming reactions. Many other P-chiral phosphine ligands reported since 2001 are also described.
The two C/EBP isoforms, IL6DBP/NFIL6 and CEBP6δ/NFIL63, are induced by IL6β to promote acute phase gene transcription via different mechanisms (1993)

The promoter regions of three IL-6 inducible genes, hemopexin (Hpx), haptoglobin (Hp) and C-reactive protein (CRP) contain cis-acting IL-6 responsive elements (IL-6REs) which are necessary and sufficient to induce IL-6 transcription activation. Transcription factors of the C/EBP family interact with IL-6REs. Among these, IL-6DBP/NF-IL6 plays a key role in IL-6 signal transduction because its trans-activation potential is induced by IL-6 in the human hepatoma cell line Hep3B. We show here that a different C/EBP-related factor, C/EBP delta/NF-IL6 beta, is the major IL-6 induced protein interacting with IL-6REs in the nuclei of Hep3B cells. In contrast to IL-6DBP/NF-IL6, whose activity in Hep3B cells is modulated by IL-6 via a post-translational mechanism, C/EBP delta/NF-IL6 beta is transcriptionally induced by IL-6. Another contrasting feature is that the C/EBP delta cDNA transfected in Hep3B cells activates transcription from an IL-6RE synthetic promoter in a constitutive manner which is not further enhanced by IL-6. Therefore, in Hep3B cells, two distinct members of the C/EBP family are recruited in the IL-6 signal transduction pathway via different mechanisms.
A 71-Gb/s NRZ Modulated 850-nm VCSEL-Based Optical Link (2015)

We report error free (BER <; 10-12) operation of a directly non-return-to-zero modulated 850-nm vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) link operating to 71 Gb/s. This is the highest error free modulation rate for a directly modulated laser of any type. The optical link consists of a 130-nm BiCMOS driver IC with two-tap feed-forward equalization, a wide bandwidth 850-nm VCSEL, a surface illuminated GaAs PIN photodiode, and a 130-nm BiCMOS receiver IC.
GENE-46. COMPARISON OF MATCHED GLIOBLASTOMA TUMOR AND MARGIN SAMPLES USING SINGLE BASE RESOLUTION MAPS REVEALS ACQUIRED, EARLY EPIGENETIC CHANGES THAT PREDISPOSE TO MUTATIONS DURING TUMOURIGENESIS (2017)

Aberrant genetic and epigenetic changes drive malignant transformation and are hallmarks of cancer. Methylation patterns of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its intermediate metabolite 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) become aberrant in cancer. These epigenetic changes have been associated with aberrant cellular function, genomic instability and remodeling of DNA methylation in several solid tumors but data in brain cancer is limited. We performed whole genome sequencing (100x coverage) and total RNA sequencing of blood, tumor and margin samples from a patient with de-novo glioblastoma (GB). Oxidative bisulfite sequencing and bisulfite sequencing were employed on PCR-free DNA libraries to generate high-depth (80x) coverage and build single base resolution maps that distinguished 5mC and 5hmC modifications. Enhanced (hydroxyl)-methylome sequencing reveals global hypermethylation in the tumor with average levels of 60% 5mC and drastic loss of 5hmC to 1.6%. In the margin we found levels of 50% 5mC and 20% for 5hmC integrated over all CpGs in the genome. CpGs with high levels of 5hmC in the margin had correspondingly higher levels of 5mC in the tumor. We analysed the mutational landscape by identifying single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in the tumor and margin using the blood sample as a reference. In the margin SNV sites were significantly more methylated and significantly less hydroxymethylated compared to non-SNV sites. The majority of SNVs were C>T deamination products within CpG context, where cytosine was preferentially methylated in the margin. Cells neighboring tumor cells displayed epigenetic alterations characteristic of the tumor itself despite appearing genetically “normal” themselves. Epigenetic information may transfer between cells contributing to intratumour heterogeneity of GB. 5mCPG sites are predisposed to mutations whereas 5hmCpG are protected from mutations during tumourigenesis. This is the first report of acquired, early changes in 5hmC in proximal cells.
Direct Imaging of Plant Metabolites in the Rhizosphere Using Laser Desorption Ionization Ultra-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (2021)

The interplay of rhizosphere components such as root exudates, microbes, and minerals results in small-scale gradients of organic molecules in the soil around roots. The current methods for the direct chemical imaging of plant metabolites in the rhizosphere often lack molecular information or require labeling with fluorescent tags or isotopes. Here, we present a novel workflow using laser desorption ionization (LDI) combined with mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) to directly analyze plant metabolites in a complex soil matrix. Undisturbed samples of the roots and the surrounding soil of <i>Zea mays</i> L. plants from either field- or laboratory-scale experiments were embedded and cryosectioned to 100 μm thin sections. The target metabolites were detected with a spatial resolution of 25 μm in the root and the surrounding soil based on accurate masses using ultra-high mass resolution laser desorption ionization Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (LDI-FT-ICR-MS). Using this workflow, we could determine the rhizosphere gradients of a dihexose (e.g., sucrose) and other plant metabolites (e.g., coumaric acid, vanillic acid). The molecular gradients for the dihexose showed a high abundance of this metabolite in the root and a strong depletion of the signal intensity within 150 μm from the root surface. Analyzing several sections from the same undisturbed soil sample allowed us to follow molecular gradients along the root axis. Benefiting from the ultra-high mass resolution, isotopologues of the dihexose could be readily resolved to enable the detection of stable isotope labels on the compound level. Overall, the direct molecular imaging <i>via</i> LDI-FT-ICR-MS allows for the first time a non-targeted or targeted analysis of plant metabolites in undisturbed soil samples, paving the way to study the turnover of root-derived organic carbon in the rhizosphere with high chemical and spatial resolution.
ChemInform Abstract: A CYCLOBUTENE BRIDGEHEAD OLEFIN APPROACH TO THE GERMACRANES (1982)

Abstract Cyclohexenon (I) und Allen (II) liefern photolytisch das Addukt (III), das mit Vinylmagnesiumbromid den Alkohol (V) bildet.
A 42.2-Gb/s 4.3-pJ/b 60-GHz Digital Transmitter With 12-b/Symbol Polarization MIMO (2019)

The unlicensed 57-71-GHz wireless spectrum offers high throughput and scalable personal area connectivity. To implement high-speed energy-efficient signaling, we present a power back-off-efficient digital polar transmitter (TX) supporting multi-gigasymbol per second switching rates and higher order modulations up to orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) 64-QAM. Pulse shaping of the direct digitally modulated waveform outputs for spectral filtering is achieved in low power with a low oversampling ratio and analog filtering. Channel bonding and selection is supported with a frequency configurable local oscillator (LO) chain. Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is implemented with low area overhead using a differential dual-polarization (DP) printed circuit board (PCB) antenna supporting simultaneous vertical/horizontal (V/H)-polarization data streams and high cross-polarization (X-pol) isolation. The 0.9-V 28-nm CMOS TX prototype with polarization MIMO achieves up to 42-Gb/s throughput at 4.3-pJ/b efficiency and 12 b/symbol of OFDM/single-carrier (SC) signaling.
Color calibration of unmanned aerial system digital still cameras (2018)

There are currently no standards for characterization and calibration of the cameras used on unmanned aerial systems (UAS's). Without such standards, the color information in the images captured with these devices is not meaningful. By providing standard color calibration targets, code, and procedures, users will be empowered with the ability to obtain color images that can provide information valuable for agriculture, infrastructure, water quality, even cultural heritage applications. The objective of this project is to develop the test targets and methodology for color calibrating unmanned aerial vehicle cameras. We are working to develop application-specific color targets, the necessary code, and a qualitative procedure for conducting UAS camera calibration. To generate the color targets, we will be following approaches used in the development of ISO 17321-1: Graphic technology and photography &#x2014; Colour characterisation of digital still cameras (DSCs) &#x2014; Part 1: Stimuli, metrology and test procedures as well as research evaluating application-specific camera targets. This report reviews why a new industry standard is needed and the questions that must be addressed in developing a new standard.
Collisional Activation of [14Pro+2H]2+ Clusters: Chiral Dependence of Evaporation and Fission Processes (2012)

Ion mobility/mass spectrometry techniques are used to investigate the dissociation of the small proline cluster [14Pro+2H](2+) produced by electrospray ionization. While this cluster is known to prefer heterochiral compositions (i.e., mixed L- and D-compositions, J. Phys. Chem. A, submitted for publication), it is possible to produce homochiral forms by electrospraying solutions containing only L- or D-proline. Differences in the measured cross sections for [14Pro+2H](2+) produced from enantiomerically pure (100% l or 100% d) or racemic (50:50 l/d) solutions indicate that homochiral and heterochiral clusters have different structures. Upon low-energy collisional activation, both the heterochiral and homochiral doubly charged structures evaporate neutral proline monomers, resulting in the formation of [xPro+2H](2+) ions (where x = 9-13). At higher activation energies, there is evidence that these smaller clusters (primarily [10Pro+2H](2+)) fission to produce [xPro+H](+) (where x = 1-6). Analysis of product ion intensities reveals a strong chiral preference associated with fissioning. Products of evaporation also show a chiral dependence but to a lesser extent.
High-performance blue and green laser diodes based on nonpolar/semipolar GaN substrates (2011)

We present breakthrough performance from green and blue InGaN-based laser diodes fabricated on nonpolar/semipolar substrates. High-power, high-efficiency, and long-lifetime continuous-wave laser operation is demonstrated using these novel crystal orientations. For green wavelengths at 520 nm, we report on continuous wave single mode lasing with75 mW of output power and wall plug efficiencies over 2.3%. In the blue regime we describe single-mode lasers operating with over 23% wall plug efficiency and with output powers greater than 750 mW. These InGaN-based direct-diode lasers offer significant improvement in performance, size, weight, and cost over conventional gas and solid state lasers. Furthermore, these devices exhibit robust operation over a broad temperature range, can be directly modulated and do not contain harmful residual infrared radiation typical of second harmonic generation lasers. These characteristics are salient considerations for such optical devices in battlefield and other security applications.
The Software-as-a-Service Model for Mobile and Ubiquitous Computing Environments (2006)

An area of unique opportunity for SaaS is the mobile and ubiquitous computing space. The SaaS model has a number of advantages that are uniquely suited to a resource-constrained mobile computing environment. This short paper gives a high level overview of the SaaS which brings significant opportunities in this space and further presents the architectural considerations for SaaS providers and mobile computing environments
Reduction of STI/active stress on 0.18 μm SOI devices through modification of STI process (2002)

Stress from shallow trench isolation was found to cause up to 19% variation in 0.18 /spl mu/m technology SO! devices. Partially depleted SOI devices were fabricated on a 0.18 /spl mu/m technology with 100 nm thick silicon film and 200 nm thick buried oxide. The STI edge parallel to the edge of the gate was found to induce compressive stress on the SOI device. For N-Ch devices. closer proximity of the STI edge resulted in a 18% degradation of the Iona channel transconductance (gm.max). The opposite trend was observed for P-Ch devices. STI stress reduction was achieved by switching the liner oxidation step in the STI formation from before the trench oxide fill to after. The STI stress improvement resulted in 50% reduction of the dependence of the long channel gm.max to the proximity of the STI trench edge. The lower STI stress improved the device variation between different SOI transistor layout geometries.
Characterization of the Serum from a Patient with Insulin Resistance and Hypoglycemia: Evidence for Multiple Populations of Insulin Receptor Antibodies with Different Receptor Binding and Insulin-mimicking Activities (1984)

The serum from a patient with lupus nephritis, insulin resistance, and hypoglycemia was studied. This serum both inhibits the binding of 125I-insulin to its receptor and has insulin-like activity on fat cells (see refs. 1 and 2). The IgG fraction from this patient's serum one-half maximally inhibited 125I-insulin binding to IM-9 cells at 1 microM, but did not markedly inhibit 125I-monoclonal antibody binding even at concentrations as high as 4 microM. The IgG was then subjected to affinity chromatography on a protein A-Sepharose column. Four protein peaks were eluted from this column by a step pH gradient from 5.5 to 2.3. Three of the four peaks inhibited 125I-insulin binding to its receptors, but none was more potent than the unfractionated IgG itself. One IgG peak, however, was able to inhibit 125I-monoclonal antibody binding at tenfold lower concentrations than the unfractionated IgG. When the ability of the four IgG fractions to stimulate 2-deoxy[3H]-D-glucose transport in rat adipocytes was studied, two fractions showed stimulatory activity. Compared with unfractionated IgG, one had a weak ability to inhibit 125I-insulin binding, but tenfold more potency to mimic insulin action. The other had a strong ability to inhibit 125I-insulin binding but less potency to mimic insulin action. These studies indicate, therefore, that the serum contains multiple populations of antibodies to the insulin receptor, or portions of the plasma membrane adjacent to the receptor, which have different biologic effects.
Phthalazinones 2: Optimization and Synthesis of Novel Potent Inhibitors of Poly(ADP‐Ribose)polymerase. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Fixed Rate Versus Rate Responsive Pacing After Radiofrequency Atrioventricular Junction Ablation: (2003)

Rate responsive pacing results in electrical remodeling of the ventricle following AV junction ablation, but exercise capacity was similar in groups with RR-ON or RR-OFF.
Synthesis and Characterization of Partially Biobased Aromatic (Co)polycarbonates Containing Biphenylene Units and Pendant Pentadecyl Chains (2022)

Abstract 2‐Pentadecyl‐[1,1”‐biphenyl]‐4,4”‐diol (PBD) is synthesized starting from cashew nut shell liquid—a by‐product of cashew processing industry. A new series of partially biobased aromatic (co)polycarbonates possessing biphenylene units and pendant pentadecyl chains is synthesized by solution polycondensation of PBD or varying compositions of PBD and bisphenol‐A with triphosgene in dry dichloromethane. Inherent viscosities and number average molecular weights of (co)polycarbonates are in the range 0.51–1.24 dL g −1 and 18 × 10 3 – 43.4 × 10 3 g mol −1 , respectively indicating the formation of reasonably high molecular weight polymers. Flexible, transparent, and free‐standing films of (co)polycarbonates can be cast from chloroform solution. (Co)polycarbonates are characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. T 10 and T g values of (co)polycarbonates are in the range 417–433 and 8–147 °C, respectively. It is demonstrated that the T g values can be tuned by incorporation of appropriate mol% of PBD as a comonomer in Bisphenol‐A‐based copolycarbonates. The lowering of the T g values of (co)polycarbonates can be attributed primarily to the packing disruptive effect of flexible pentadecyl chains. Furthermore, the effect of incorporation of PBD as a comonomer on water contact angle values of (co)polycarbonates is evaluated.
Validation of leaf and microbial pectinases: commercial launching of a new platform technology (2019)

Almost all current genetically modified plant commercial products are derived from seeds. The first protein product made in leaves for commercial use is reported here. Leaf pectinases are validated here with eight liquid commercial microbial enzyme products for textile or juice industry applications. Leaf pectinases are functional in broad pH/temperature ranges as crude leaf extracts, while most commercial enzyme products showed significant loss at alkaline pH or higher temperature, essential for various textile applications. In contrast to commercial liquid enzymes requiring cold storage/transportation, leaf pectinase powder was stored up to 16 months at ambient temperature without loss of enzyme activity. Commercial pectinase products showed much higher enzyme protein PAGE than crude leaf extracts with comparable enzyme activity without protease inhibitors. Natural cotton fibre does not absorb water due to hydrophobic nature of waxes and pectins. After bioscouring with pectinase, measurement of contact-angle water droplet absorption by the FAMAS videos showed 33 or 63 (leaf pectinase), 61 or 64 (commercial pectinase) milliseconds, well below the 10-second industry requirements. First marker-free lettuce plants expressing pectinases were also created by removal of the antibiotic resistance aadA gene. Leaf pectinase powder efficiently clarified orange juice pulp similar to several microbial enzyme products. Commercial pilot scale biomass production of tobacco leaves expressing different pectinases showed that hydroponic growth at Fraunhofer yielded 10 times lower leaf biomass per plant than soil-grown plants in the greenhouse. Pectinase enzyme yield from the greenhouse plants was double that of Fraunhofer. Thus, this leaf-production platform offers a novel, low-cost approach for enzyme production by elimination of fermentation, purification, concentration, formulation and cold chain.
Exploiting a Multi-Port Transformer for Minimal DC-Link Capacitance for an Automotive Onboard Charger (2020)

In contrast to common 3-phase topologies, DC-link capacitance can be reduced by combining input power after the DC-link using a multi-port transformer and suitable control. Initial results of this approach demonstrate stable 12 kW output power using only 5 μF DC-link capacitance per phase, promising higher power density and reliability. Furthermore, a novel control scheme is proposed that allows high frequency reactive power flow through the multi-port transformer to be manipulated via gate-signal phase angles, in order to achieve maximum efficiency and minimum DC-link voltage ripple for any load condition.
Psychological tactile sensor structure based on piezoelectric sensor arrays (2017)

Recently, artificial tactile sensors have been studied in attempts to mimic the human sense of touch for various applications, from the simple input function of mobile devices to the complicated finger systems of android robots. To produce artificial psychological feeling, especially `pain', electrical mimic structure of human skin has been studied. Array type tactile sensor can verify the input object which may be sharp, blunt, and hot or cool by simple signal processing. This capability means that tactile sensor can convey psychological feeling from physical parameters. Imitating this phenomenon, the skin mimic device employing the piezoelectric nanowire sensor arrays can generate the electrical `pain' signal with signal processing when a sharp or a hot object touch to the device. The electrical `pain' signal is expected to enhance the protection mechanism of android robot or mobile phone from harsh environment.