gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FedFog: Network-Aware Optimization of Federated Learning over Wireless Fog-Cloud Systems (2021)

Federated learning (FL) is capable of performing large distributed machine learning tasks across multiple edge users by periodically aggregating trained local parameters. To address key challenges of enabling FL over a wireless fog-cloud system (e.g., non-i.i.d. data, users' heterogeneity), we first propose an efficient FL algorithm based on Federated Averaging (called FedFog) to perform the local aggregation of gradient parameters at fog servers and global training update at the cloud. Next, we employ FedFog in wireless fog-cloud systems by investigating a novel network-aware FL optimization problem that strikes the balance between the global loss and completion time. An iterative algorithm is then developed to obtain a precise measurement of the system performance, which helps design an efficient stopping criteria to output an appropriate number of global rounds. To mitigate the straggler effect, we propose a flexible user aggregation strategy that trains fast users first to obtain a certain level of accuracy before allowing slow users to join the global training updates. Extensive numerical results using several real-world FL tasks are provided to verify the theoretical convergence of FedFog. We also show that the proposed co-design of FL and communication is essential to substantially improve resource utilization while achieving comparable accuracy of the learning model.
BiP Is a Substrate for src Kinase in Vitro (1994)

In a study to investigate the ability of chaperones to modulate src kinase activity, it was observed that BiP, a member of the HSP70 family found in the endoplasmic reticulum, is an excellent substrate for src kinase in vitro. The reaction requires polylysine and the results suggest that two tyrosine residues are phosphorylated. Although there is no evidence for this reaction in vivo, it does provide a very efficient method to label BiP.
Location-aware 5G communications and Doppler compensation for high-speed train networks (2017)

We discuss methods to obtain high accuracy location information in high-speed train networks and way to use this information on the train and network side. First, the state-of-the-art train localization methods are reviewed and contributions of 5G new radio based localization to high-speed train systems are described. Then the location-awareness is discussed in the context of frequency domain Doppler distortion estimation and compensation in an example high-speed train system operating at 30 GHz carrier frequency. Finally, the benefits of location awareness from the communications network and train line operation point of view are discussed in general, including possibilities to improve the train track capacity and safety.
Optical interconnects based on hybrid CMOS/VCSEL arrays (2003)

Summary form only given. The authors discuss the concept of a manufacturable technology that can provide parallel optical interconnects directly to a VLSI circuit. Before such a technology can be deployed on a large scale, several issues related to the scalability of the optoelectronic technology and its compatibility with deep sub-micron CMOS technologies must be addressed. In terms of the VCSELs, the challenge will be in producing arrays of VCSELs that can be attached to CMOS circuits with high yield, and be simultaneously operated at high speeds. In terms of the circuits, the challenges will be to continue to improve receiver sensitivity while reducing power dissipation and crosstalk. A final consideration is that of the systems integration, where the challenge will be to package systems that can efficiently transport large arrays of light beams to and from such chips.
Supplementary Data from Autoantibody Profiles Reveal Ubiquilin 1 as a Humoral Immune Response Target in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Methods and Materials, Tables 1-4, Figures 1-6&lt;/p&gt;
Unlocking pedal motion of the azo group: three- and unexpected eight-component hydrogen-bonded assemblies in co-crystals based on isosteric resorcinols (2018)

Co-crystallization of 3-phenylazopyridine (3PAzP) with dihalogenated resorcinols (res) 4,6-diX res (where: X = Cl, Br, and I) yields co-crystals that support molecular pedal motion in the crystalline state. The co-crystals are sustained by hydrogen-bonded assemblies, with the pattern of hydrogen-bonding drastically different based on the res. For 4,6-diCl res, an unexpected eight-component hydrogen-bonded assembly is realized, while three-component hydrogen-bonded assemblies are observed for 4,6-diBr res and 4,6-diI res. We show the co-crystallization approach to afford pedal motion in the azo core, while no such motion is present in the absence of a res. Pure 3PAzP packs to form a noncentrosymmetric herringbone structure.
Modeling the effects of plasma-induced physical damage on subthreshold leakage current in scaled MOSFETs (2010)

This paper presents the impacts of plasma-induced damage on an off-state leakage current increase in scaled MOSFETs. Si recess structure in the source/drain extension region formed by high-energy ion bombardment is focused on. In addition to the effect of gate length shrinkage on subthreshold leakage current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> ) increase discussed so far, plasma-induced damage (PID) is found to increase I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> drastically, in particular, for the MOSFET with a gate length shorter than 65 nm. Technology CAD simulations were performed to verify the effect. Since the recess depth is modeled by an analytical expression with the energy of ion from plasma on the basis of a modified range theory, the increase in I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> can be estimated from plasma process condition. A scenario for significant enhancement in the statistical I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> -distribution by PID is also discussed.
Effect of Folate-Targeted Nanoparticle Size on Their Rates of Penetration into Solid Tumors (2013)

Targeted therapies are emerging as a preferred strategy for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. To evaluate the impact of a high affinity targeting ligand on the rate and extent of tumor penetration of different sized nanomedicines, we have used intravital multiphoton microscopy to quantitate the kinetics of tumor accumulation of a homologous series of folate-PEG-rhodamine conjugates prepared with polyethylene glycols (PEG) of different molecular weights. We demonstrate that increasing the size of the folate-PEG-rhodamine conjugates results in both longer circulation times and slower tumor penetration rates. Although a "binding site barrier" is observed with the folate-linked polymers in folate receptor expressing tumors, ligand targeting eventually leads to increased tumor accumulation, with endocytosis of the targeted nanocarriers contributing to their enhanced tumor retention. Because the effects of nanocarrier size, shape, chemistry, and targeting ligand are interconnected and complex, we suggest that these parameters must be carefully optimized for each nanocarrier to ensure optimal drug delivery in vivo.
Double fused InP/InGaAsP vertical coupler beam splitter (2000)

A novel three-layer fused InP-InGaAsP waveguide vertical coupler 1:8 beam splitter is demonstrated. The strongly coupled waveguides allow a 583-micron device length, 250 times shorter than the equivalent horizontal coupler. The device illustrates the use of multiple vertical layer optical interconnects.
Exciton Dynamics in InGaAs/GaAs Quantum Dots (1995)

Photoluminescence lifetimes of InGaAs quantum dots and monolayers are compared. The dynamics of localized and free excitons in quantum structures are measured under different pump intensity.
A three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of shear stress distribution during neotissue growth in a perfusion bioreactor (2015)

Bone tissue engineering strategies use flow through perfusion bioreactors to apply mechanical stimuli to cells seeded on porous scaffolds. Cells grow on the scaffold surface but also by bridging the scaffold pores leading a fully filled scaffold following the scaffold's geometric characteristics. Current computational fluid dynamic approaches for tissue engineering bioreactor systems have been mostly carried out for empty scaffolds. The effect of 3D cell growth and extracellular matrix formation (termed in this study as neotissue growth), on its surrounding fluid flow field is a challenge yet to be tackled. In this work a combined approach was followed linking curvature driven cell growth to fluid dynamics modeling. The level-set method (LSM) was employed to capture neotissue growth driven by curvature, while the Stokes and Darcy equations, combined in the Brinkman equation, provided information regarding the distribution of the shear stress profile at the neotissue/medium interface and within the neotissue itself during growth. The neotissue was assumed to be micro-porous allowing flow through its structure while at the same time allowing the simulation of complete scaffold filling without numerical convergence issues. The results show a significant difference in the amplitude of shear stress for cells located within the micro-porous neo-tissue or at the neotissue/medium interface, demonstrating the importance of taking along the neotissue in the calculation of the mechanical stimulation of cells during culture.The presented computational framework is used on different scaffold pore geometries demonstrating its potential to be used a design as tool for scaffold architecture taking into account the growing neotissue. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2015;112: 2591-2600. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measuring spleen stiffness to predict varices in chronic hepatitis B cirrhotic patients with or without receiving non‐selective beta‐blockers (2016)

SSM only has modest accuracy to predict varices independent of NSBB use. An SSM cutoff value of 18.9 kPa may be adopted to achieve a high negative predictive value to rule out varices.
Millimeter‐wave propagation modeling and characterization at 32 GHz in indoor office for 5G networks (2020)

Since it has a great bandwidth that supports gigabit communication, it is considered to use the millimeter-wave (mmWave) band in the fifth generation (5G) wireless communication. Therefore, an efficient, reliable, and accurate channel model is of vital importance in mmWave bands for indoor environments, especially in the 31.8 to 33.4 GHz band allocated by ITU for 5G communications. In this article, we performed modeling and characterization campaign at the 32 GHz in a typical indoor office environment on fourth floor of the Engineering Faculty in University of Karabuk, Turkey. The obtained results provide large-scale fadings such as path loss, shadowing, root mean square (RMS) delay spread, RMS angular spread, power angular spectrum, number of clusters, and Ricean K-factor in an open-plan indoor environment. Power angular spectrum is used to comprehend the propagation structure. We propose that the results obtained in this study will play a key role in simulating and planning systems at 32 GHz for 5G wireless communication.
e0483 The clinical research for endovascular treatment of debakey III aortic dissection received domestic thin steel Binding stents grafting (2010)

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endovascular treatment for Debakey III aortic dissection by domestic thin steel Binding stents grafting. Methods Between October 2006 to March 2010, 42 patients (all male, average age (53.5±12.8) years, range 43∼70 years old) with Debakey III aortic dissection was treated with domestic thin steel Binding stents grafting, used an innovative transmission and delivery methods in all patients, of which branch stent were inplanted when the distance from the break of descending aorta to left subclavian artery is less than 10 mm. Results 42 patients were successfully implanted 48 thin steel Binding stents, including four branch stents. After the operation, six patients were verified endoleak, 3 of the patients were resolved by repeated stent distension and 3 cases were treated by placement of another stent. Three months later, one patient showed new rupture at the remote port of the stent and then was successfully implanted a new stent. Four cases showed numbness of right lower extremity and 1 case showed intermittent claudication of it. In follow-up of 3–32 months, MRI or CT showed the reduce of the false cavity with the formation of intraluminal thrombus, the enlargement of true cavity, and no complications such as tumour rupture, internal leakage and stent displacement in all of the patients. Conclusions Endovascular thoracic aorta repair, with domestic thin steel Binding stents grafting and the innovative methods of interventional therapy, is an effective, less invasive and safe surgery with faster postoperative recovery, higher success rate and fewer complications for patients with Debakey III type aortic dissection, especially applicable to high-risk patients.
High Throughput Optimization of Stem Cell Microenvironments (2009)

Stem cells have great potential as cell sources for regenerative medicine due to both their self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation capacity. Despite advances in the field of stem cell biology, major challenges remain before stem cells can be widely used for therapeutic purposes. One challenge is to develop reproducible methods to control stem cell growth and differentiation. The niche in which stem cells reside is a complex, multi-factorial environment. In contrast to using cells alone, biomaterials can provide initial structural support, and allow cells to adhere, proliferate and differentiate in a three-dimensional environment. Researchers have incorporated signals into the biomaterials that can promote desired cell functions in a spatially and temporally controlled manner. Despite progress in biomaterial design and methods to modulate cellular behavior, many of the complex signal networks that regulate cell-material interactions remain unclear. Due to the vast numbers of material properties to be explored and the complexity of cell-surface interactions, it is often difficult to optimize stem cell microenvironments using conventional, iterative approaches. To address these challenges, high throughput screening of combinatorial libraries has emerged as a novel approach to achieve rapid screening with reduced materials and costs. In this review, we discuss recent research in the area of high throughput approaches for characterization and optimization of cellular interactions with their microenvironments. In contrast to conventional approaches, screening combinatorial libraries can result in the discovery of unexpected material solutions to these complex problems.
An empirical study of etching for the fabrication of nanoscale imprinters (2002)

One of the greatest challenges facing nanotechnology is the ability to selectively place nanoscale entities in specific locations and subsequently interconnect these devices. Several methods have been proposed and the relative strengths of each technique will become apparent in time. One method that has received considerable attention in recent years is nanoimprint or nanostamp lithography. These techniques have shown resolution down to 10 nm, can be applied over large areas, are relatively inexpensive, and have several variations to accommodate different processing tasks. One common challenge in nanoimprint or nanostamp lithography is the fabrication of the imprinter or stamp. The features on the imprinter are usually fabricated using e-beam lithography and then etched. The etching step is often the determining factor in the quality of the imprinter. We have evaluated etching of 50 nm and 250 nm features in silicon and silicon dioxide using 16 different etching recipes. The features have been etched down approximately 200 nm resulting in an aspect ratio of 4 to 1 for the 50 nm features. The primary evaluation criteria is the anisotropy of the etch with the goal of achieving vertical sidewalls. In this paper, we present the 16 different etching recipes, the chamber conditions for three different reactors, and qualitative evaluations based upon SEM micrographs of each etch. For this work, we will concentrate on the nanoscale etching of SiO/sub 2/. Several etching recipes are shown to be able to produce near-vertical walls for 50 nm features etched down 200 nm.
Mobility Studies on Sol−Gel Processed Ether−Phosphines and Their Ruthenium(II) Complexes with Different Spacer Lengths. A Solid-State NMR Study1,2 (1997)

The monomeric ether−phosphine ligands (MeO)3Si(CH2)x(Ph)PCH2CH2OMe {x = number of methylene groups; x = 3 [1a(T0)], 6 [1b(T0)], 8 [1c(T0)]} and their P-coordinated trimethoxysilyl-(T)-functionalized ruthenium complexes cis-Cl(H)Ru(CO)(P∼O)3 [2a(T0)3], [2b(T0)3], and [2c(T0)3] were sol−gel processed with fixed amounts of Si(OEt)4 (Q0), MeSi(OMe)3 (T0), and Me2Si(OEt)2 (D0) to give the polysiloxane-bound ether−phosphine ligands [1(a,b,c)(Tn)(Qk,Tm,Di)y] and the ruthenium complexes [2(a,b,c)(Tn)3(Qk,Tm,Di)y] [P∼O: η1-P-coordinated ether−phosphine ligand; y = number of co-condensed Q, T, or D type; Q = Q type silicon atom (four oxygen neighbors), T = T type silicon atom (three oxygen neighbors), D = D type silicon atom (two oxygen neighbors); i, k, n, m = number of Si−O−Si bonds; i = 0−2; n, m = 0−3; k = 0−4]. Solid-state 29Si NMR spectroscopy has been used to show that the matrixes containing ligands or complexes have comparable structures, independently from the employed spacer (n-propyl, n-hexyl, or n-octyl). Detailed 31P NMR relaxation time studies (T1P, TPH, T1ρH), 2D WISE NMR spectroscopy, and the line widths of the 31P CP/MAS NMR spectra have been applied for dynamic investigations. The noncomplexed ether−phosphine ligands are highly mobile and their flexibility is enhanced by longer spacers for all types of matrixes. The mobility of the ligands is also dependent upon the employed co-condensate. Functionalized F-T/Q copolymers are less flexible than F-T/T or even F-T/D copolymers [F = −(CH2)xP(Ph)CH2CH2OMe]. The P-coordination of the ether−phosphines in the complexes led to an additional cross-linking in the matrixes. Thereby the ligands become more rigid due to strong phosphorus−ruthenium bonds. The differences of the mobilities of the different polymer-bound complexes are smaller compared to the noncomplexed ligands.
Design and analysis of a scheme to mitigate condensation on an assembly used to cool a processor module (2002)

System performance of an IBM RS/6000® workstation was improved by cooling to sub-ambient temperatures the CMOS circuits of a single-chip module (SCM) mounted on a card. However, when refrigeration temperatures are sufficiently low, the temperature of all or a portion of the card on which the module is mounted can fall below the environmental dew point, resulting in unwanted condensation. Strategically placed heaters can maintain the temperature of the card surface above the dew point, but at the expense of increasing the total heat load the refrigeration unit must remove from the system. A 3D finite element analysis was used to investigate some of the key parameters that affect the thermal packaging design of a refrigeration-cooled low-temperature processor module with the objective of preventing condensation on exposed module card surfaces with minimal power input to the added heaters.
Evidence Theory Based Automotive Battery Health Monitoring (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As the number of electrical devices in modern vehicles increases, the battery becomes more critical component for the operation of vehicles. To ensure the startability of the vehicle, battery conditions such as state of charge and state of health should be properly monitored and maintained. To reduce walk-home incidents due to no-start situation, appropriate warning should be issued to the driver to advise necessary actions such as replacing or re-charging the battery. For the last couple of years, General Motors has studied and developed several battery health monitoring methods based on different battery health signatures. Yet, it is found that relying on a single method may lead to false alarm or misdetection due to lack of information or uncertainty. This paper develops the algorithm for more robust and reliable battery health monitoring and prognosis, by applying Evidence Theory to fuse different battery health signatures. The algorithm is evaluated by using battery cranking data from the set of batteries collected from field. The test results show reliable and robust performance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Table S1 from Weight Change in Breast Cancer Survivors Compared to Cancer-Free Women: A Prospective Study in Women at Familial Risk of Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Weight gain in survivors compared to cancer-free women, by BRCA1/2 carrier status.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure S2 from CD47 Enhances <i>In Vivo</i> Functionality of Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. Specificity and phenotype of MART1 and FluM1 specific CTL generated for 51Cr release assay.&lt;/p&gt;
Replication Data for: Toward digitally controlled catalyst architectures: Hierarchical nanoporous gold via 3D printing (2019)

The data underlying this published work have been made publicly available in this repository as part of the IMASC Data Management Plan. This work was supported as part of the Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0012573.
On ARQ scheme with adaptive error control (2001)

Adaptive automatic repeat request (ARQ) schemes are quite effective for throughput enhancement in time-varying mobile channel environments. An ARQ scheme with adaptive error-correcting codes is considered. A robust channel sensing algorithm by making use of XOR-ing is proposed for link adaptation. With the proposed channel estimation algorithm, an adaptive scheme that adapts its error-correcting codes according to channel conditions is presented. The efficiency of the proposed adaptive ARQ scheme is evaluated in terms of throughput performance by computer simulation for a time-varying mobile channel characterized by Rayleigh fading and log-normal shadowing. As an enhancement in counteracting long deep fades, the incorporation of frequency diversity into an adaptive ARQ scheme is also investigated and the simulation results show that this scheme is quite efficient in counteracting long deep fades.