gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neutron Detection in Mixed Neutron-Gamma Fields with Common NaI(Tl) Detectors (2021)

&lt;p&gt;Searching digitized detector signals for piled-up delayed components with distinct energy and delay time signatures is a smart method to provide common NaI(Tl) detectors with additional neutron detection capabilities at no extra cost. This technique nicely complements the idea of neutron detection by analyzing events with high energy depositions above the range of common gamma-ray energies. In combination, both approaches can provide half of the neutron sensitivity offered by a commercial &lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt;Li co-doped NaI(Tl) (NaIL™) scintillator of the same size, at the price of higher and load-dependent background contributions. Delayed-coincidence techniques are most suitable for neutron monitoring or long-term measurements, where the statistics of the acquired delay-time distributions allows separate fitting of the effect and background contributions. In this case, the thermal neutron flux can be quantified in parallel to gamma-ray spectroscopy at overall detector loads exceeding 10 kcps.&lt;/p&gt;
Fabrication and Characterization of MWCNT-Based Bridge Devices (2017)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most actively researched structural materials due to their interesting electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties. Unlike single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), little work has been focused on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and their potential for practical devices. Here, we have fabricated bridge-shape devices integrating MWCNTs (> 50 nm in outer diameter) using three processes: optical lithography, electron beam-induced platinum deposition, and surface micromachining. Each device consists of a doubly-clamped nanotube suspended over gold electrodes on a highly conductive Si substrate. The suspended nanotubes are characterized individually using Raman spectroscopy and semiconductor parameters analysis and, overall, show, high crystallinity and low electrical resistance. The spring constants of doubly-clamped nanotubes were characterized using atomic force microscopy force-displacement measurements, with values as high as 70 N/m observed. Highly stiff MWCNTs are promising for a variety of applications, such as resonators and electrical interconnects. Through simulations, we estimate the resonance frequencies and pull-in voltages of these suspended nano-structures. The dependence of key parameters, such as the nanotube's length, Young's modulus, axial stress, and wall thickness is also discussed.
The persistence of air bubbles at a seawater surface (1983)

The time an air bubble persists at a seawater surface is a function of many factors, including the relative humidity and speed of the air over the surface of the water. We find that bubble surface life increases in magnitude with decreasing humidity and increasing speed of the air. This appears to be caused by a salinity gradient along the bubble cap. This produces a surface tension gradient (Marangoni effect) that increases bubble surface life.
Light emission enhancement by geometrical scaling of carrier injectors in Si-based LEDs (2011)

In this paper we present the increased light emission for Si p-i-n light emitting diodes (LED) by geometrical scaling of the injector size for p- and n-type carriers. TCAD simulations and electrical and optical characteristics of our realized devices support our findings. Reducing the injector size decreases the diffusion current: therefore, for a particular on current, the pn-product, and hence the radiative recombination, inside the active region increases. A comparison is made among reference large-scale, micro-size and nano-size injector p-i-n diodes. We demonstrate a 4-fold increase in electroluminescence (EL) when the injectors are scaled down to micro-size and a further 10-fold increase for nano-size injectors.
Machine-type communications: current status and future perspectives toward 5G systems (2015)

Machine-type communications (MTC) enables a broad range of applications from mission- critical services to massive deployment of autonomous devices. To spread these applications widely, cellular systems are considered as a potential candidate to provide connectivity for MTC devices. The ubiquitous deployment of these systems reduces network installation cost and provides mobility support. However, based on the service functions, there are key challenges that currently hinder the broad use of cellular systems for MTC. This article provides a clear mapping between the main MTC service requirements and their associated challenges. The goal is to develop a comprehensive understanding of these challenges and the potential solutions. This study presents, in part, a roadmap from the current cellular technologies toward fully MTC-capable 5G mobile systems.
Exciton-Induced Degradation of Carbazole-Based Host Materials and Its Role in the Electroluminescence Spectral Changes in Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Devices with Electrical Aging (2017)

We investigate the origins of the long-wavelength bands that appear in the emission spectra of carbazole-based host materials and play a role in the electroluminescence (EL) spectral changes of phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (PhOLEDs) with electrical aging. 4,4'-Bis(carbazol-9-yl)biphenyl (CBP) is used as a model carbazole host material and is studied using photoluminescence, EL, and atomic force microscopy measurements under various stress scenarios in both single and bilayer devices and in combination with various electron transport layer (ETL) materials. Results show that exciton-induced morphological aggregation of CBP is behind the appearance of those long-wavelength bands and that complexation between the aggregated CBP molecules and ETL molecules plays a role in this phenomenon. Comparisons between the effects of exciton and thermal stress suggest that exciton-induced aggregation may be limited to short-range molecular ordering or pairing (e.g., dimer or trimer species formation) versus longer-range ordering (crystallization) in the case of thermal stress. The findings provide new insights into exciton-induced degradation in wide band gap host materials and its role in limiting the stability of PhOLEDs.
Handover Sequences for Interference-Aware Transmission in Multicell MIMO Networks (2009)

Providing cell-specific reference signals is a basic requirement for advanced transmission techniques reducing the inter-cell interference in the mobile radio network. In this paper, we introduce so-called handover sequences. They consist of a comb cyclically shifted in the frequency domain to identify the cells. Orthogonal sequences in time domain are used to identify the antennas within a cell. The scheme occupies few OFDM symbols per coherence interval. Sequence assignment to the cells follows a classical frequency-reuse scheme. Detection is easily implementable. With these sequences, the frequency-selective multi-cell channel can be identified with high precision also at the cell edge. We demonstrate that handover decisions are more reliable and channel estimation errors are reduced by more than a decade compared to the reference signals provided in 3GPP LTE Release 8. I. INTRODUCTION
Coverage and Data Rate Analysis for a Novel Cell-Sweeping-Based RAN Deployment (2023)

Adequate and uniform network coverage provision is one of the main objectives of cellular service providers. Additionally, the densification of cells exacerbates coverage and service provision challenges, particularly at the cell-edges. In this paper, we present a new approach of cell-sweeping-based Base Stations (BSs) deployments in cellular Radio Access Networks (RANs) where the coverage is improved by enhancing the cell-edge performance. In essence, the concept of cell-sweeping rotates/sweeps the sectors of a site in azimuth continuously/discretely resulting in near-uniform distribution of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) around the sweeping site. This paper investigates the proposed concept analytically by deriving expressions for the PDF/CDF of SINR and achievable rate; and with the help of system-level simulations, it shows that the proposed concept can provide throughput gains of up to 125% at the cell-edge. Then, using a link-budget analysis, it is shown that the maximum allowable path loss (MAPL) increases by 2.1 dB to 4.1 dB corresponding to the gains in wideband SINR and post-equalized SINR, respectively. This increase in MAPL can be translated to cell-radius/area with the help of the Okumura-Hata propagation model and results in cell-coverage area enhancement by 30% to 66% in a Typical Urban cell deployment scenario.
Steady-state thermal conductivity measurements of AlN and SiC substrate materials (1989)

Measurements of thermal conductivity on conventional and newly developed electronic ceramics are presented as part of an effort to incorporate the new high-thermal-conductivity ceramics into microcircuit manufacturing. Motivated by large variations in values claimed by different vendors for ostensibly similar materials, a longitudinal bar apparatus was built to measure thermal conductivities of actual substrate materials on both an individual and a lot sampling basis. The values measured in this work are in general agreement with the manufactures' quoted values, with a few marked differences for certain AlN samples. The values measured using the longitudinal bar apparatus from room temperature to 80 degrees C on the different materials agree with both previously published data on similar materials and current measurements by other researchers. The longitudinal bar data for high-thermal-conductivity samples are completely consistent with the flash diffusivity results. Data on the AlN samples subjected to thick-film firing show no measurable change in thermal conductivity, indicating that the material is stable after repeated firings in 850 degrees C oxidizing atmospheres. The longitudinal bar apparatus appears to be operating as designed; measurements indicate that thermal resistances at the base and heater mounts are low enough not to affect the thermal conductivity measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Production of Over 27 000 Peptide and Nearly 4400 Protein Identifications by Single-Shot Capillary-Zone Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry via Combination of a Very-Low-Electroosmosis Coated Capillary, a Third-Generation Electrokinetically-Pumped Sheath-Flow Nanospray Interface, an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid Mass Spectrometer, and an Advanced-Peak-Determination Algorithm (2018)

We show that capillary-zone electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (CZE-ESI-MS/MS) generates very large numbers of peptide and protein identifications (IDs) by combining four technologies: a separation capillary coated to generate very low electroosmosis, an electrokinetically pumped sheath-flow nanoelectrospray interface to produce high-sensitivity ionization, an Orbitrap Fusion Lumos Tribrid platform to provide high-speed analysis, and an advanced-peak-determination (APD) algorithm to take advantage of the mass spectrometer's data-acquisition speed. The use of the APD algorithm resulted in 2 times more identifications than the standard peak algorithm. We also investigated the effect of the isolation window, injection time, and loading amount. Optimization of these parameters produced over 27 000 peptide identifications and nearly 4400 protein-group identifications from 220 ng of K562-cell digest in a single 120 min run, which is 2.7 times more IDs produced by CZE-ESI-MS/MS than by the previous state-of-the-art technique.
Effect of Hyperthermia and Environmental Acidity on the Proteolytic Activity in Murine Ascites Tumor Cells2 (1977)

The influence of hyperthermia and environmental pH on proteolytic activity was studied in murine ascites tumor cells in vitro. PNJ ascites tumor cells were incubated with [125I]cytochrome c at 42.5 or 37 degrees C in a modified Krebs-Ringer buffer adjusted to pH 7.2 or 6.4. Incubation at normal temperature at pH 6.4 and 7.2 or at 42.5 degrees C and pH 7.2 resulted in identical protein digestion. However, hyperthermic incubation at pH 6.4 resulted in a significant increased activity. This was also observed after only 1 hour of hyperthermic incubation followed by subsequent incubation in an acidic environment at normal temperature. The increased proteolytic activity following hyperthermic treatment under acidic conditions may support the hypothesis that increased lysosomal activity is of primary importance in the hyperthermic tumor-cell destruction in vivo.
Studies Related to Antitumor Antibiotics. Part VI. Correlation of Covalent Cross-linking of DNA by Bifunctional Aziridinoquinones with their Antineoplastic Activity (1975)

Certain bisaziridinopyrrolidinoquinone analogs, which contain the structural moieties essential for physiological activity in the parent antitumor agent mitomycin C, have been synthesized. These compounds efficiently induce covalent cross-links in DNA as shown by the ethidium fluorescence assay which was confirmed by an independent S 1 -endonuclease assay. The interaction of clinically active and structurally related antitumor aziridinoquinones with DNA have been examined similarly. The aziridinoquinones cross-link DNA efficiently with a marked pH dependence. Parallel dependence is observed on pH and concentration of alkylating species in the concomitant alkylation which does not result in cross-linking as measured by the suppression of the before heat fluorescence. The latter phenomenon was shown by the application of radiolabelled polynucleates not to be accompanied by depurination. A direct correlation exists between the extent of covalent cross-linking and (G + C) content of various DNA's of comparable molecular weight as in the case of mitomycin C. Estimates of the average number of cross-links per DNA molecule range from 0.61 to 1.71 depending on (G + C) content. The rate of acid assisted opening of a model aziridinoquinone measured spectrophotometrically at different pH values parallels the observed rate of covalent cross-linking and alkylation. It was shown independently that the intermediate 2,5 bis(2-acetoxyethyl-amino)-3,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone does not cross-link DNA. A correlation is made of antineoplastic activity against a variety of tumors with covalent crosslinking ability using λ-DNA.
Pulsed metalorganic chemical vapor deposition of iron oxides and bismuth-iron oxides (2005)

International audience
CATECHOLAMINES AND METABOLISM OF HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE (1970)

Abstract. The effects on lipolysis of l ‐noradrenaline, l ‐isopropylnoradrenaline, theophylline and N 6 ‐2′0‐dibutyryl‐adenosine 3,5 monophosphate have been studied on sections of human subcutaneous and omental adipose tissue obtained from 17 subjects undergoing abdominal surgery. In both tissues isopropylnoradrenaline, an almost pure beta adrenergic stimulator, induced higher glycerol release than noradrenaline. The alpha adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine increased the noradrenaline‐stimulated glycerol release in both tissues. These data indicate that catecholamine‐induced lipolysis is mediated by beta adrenergic receptors and is inhibited by alpha receptors. Lipolysis induced by either noradrenaline or isopropylnoradrenaline was greater in omental than in subcutaneous adipose tissue. On the other hand theophylline, which is supposed to increase the tissue level of cyclic AMP, and administration of cyclic AMP itself (the dibutyryl form), induced almost equal lipolysis in both tissues. It is therefore suggested that the lower lipolytic response to catecholamines of subcutaneous adipose tissue is due to a lower formation of cyclic AMP.
Mind model for multimodal communicative creatures and humanoids (1999)

This paper presents a computational model of real - time task - oriented dialog skills . The model , termed Ymir, bridges multimodal perception and multimodal action and supports the creation of autonomous computer characters that afford full - duplex , real - time face - to - face interaction with a human . Ymir has been prototyped in software , and a humanoid created , called Gandalf, capable of fluid multimodal dialog . Ymir demonstrates several new ideas in the creation of communicative computer agents , including perceptual integration of multimodal events, distributed planning and decision making, an explicit handling of real time, and perceptuo-motor system layered and motor control with human characteristics. This paper describes the model's architecture and explains its main elements . Examples of implementation and performance are given , and the architecture's limitations and possibilities are discussed .
Moderate ischemic mitral regurgitation and coronary artery bypass surgery: effect of mitral repair on clinical outcome. (2003)

The results of this case-control study showed that, in a homogeneous series of patients with moderate ischemic MR, repair of the mitral valve at the time of CABG leads to a better clinical status due to an improved hemodynamic profile.
Fabrication of One-Dimensional Photonic Crystal with Large Dispersion in SiO&#8322; Glass Substrate Using Deep Dry Etching Technique (2006)

Binary gratings with high first-order transmission diffraction efficiency were covered with a thin SiO₂ film without the filling in the grooves by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The diffraction efficiencies of about 90% were attained for transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized lights at a wavelength of 1.55 µm when the period and depth were 1.5 and 2.8 µm, respectively. The grating was used for the integrated spectrographic chip. A four-channel demultiplexer with 20-nm spacing was fabricated on a silica substrate of 5.1 x 9.2 mm², in which a buried grating, a pair of parabolic mirrors and channel waveguides were integrated. It was confirmed by the numerical calculation that the angular dispersion of the grating was increased drastically if the input and output surfaces were tilted against its grating vector, which should be effective to minimize the device size.
UsingFOCUSto solve zeolite structures from three-dimensional electron diffraction data (2013)

The program FOCUS [Grosse-Kunstleve, McCusker &amp; Baerlocher (1997). J. Appl. Cryst. 30 , 985–995] was originally developed to solve zeolite structures from X-ray powder diffraction data. It uses zeolite-specific chemical information (three-dimensional 4-connected framework structure with known bond distances and angles) to supplement the diffraction data. In this way, it is possible to compensate, at least in part, for the ambiguity of the reflection intensities resulting from reflection overlap, and the program has proven to be quite successful. Recently, advances in electron microscopy have led to the development of automated diffraction tomography (ADT) and rotation electron diffraction (RED) techniques for collecting three-dimensional electron diffraction data on very small crystallites. Reasoning that such data are also less than ideal (dynamical scattering, low completeness, beam damage) and that this can lead to failure of structure solution by conventional direct methods for very complex zeolite frameworks, FOCUS was modified to accommodate electron diffraction data. The modified program was applied successfully to five different data sets (four ADT and one RED) collected on zeolites of different complexities. One of these could not be solved completely by direct methods but emerged easily in the FOCUS trials.
Fast sliding thin slab volume visualization (1996)

We present a method for fast rendering of a thin slab bounded by a set of clipping planes oriented perpendicular to the viewing direction. Our implementation allows the user to specify the view direction, slab thickness and slab position within the volume and performs either classical volume rendering or maximum intensity projection. The system can either render single slabs or a sequence of slabs that overlap and traverse the volume perpendicular to the viewing direction. This rapid rendering of geometrically segmented portions of the volume allows the user to explore the volume data or focus on a region or subvolume of interest. The rendering time for a thin slab with a thickness of approximately 4-5 times that of acquired sections, within a 256/sup 2//spl times/167 data set, is 0.6 seconds when averaged over a range of viewing angles. The renderings are performed on an SGI Indigo 2 workstation without graphics accelerators.
Metabolomic biomarkers predictive of early structural lung disease in cystic fibrosis (2020)

Neutrophilic airway inflammation plays a role in early structural lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF), but the mechanisms underlying this pathway are incompletely understood.
A recognition method of machine-printed monetary amounts based on the two-dimensional segmentation and the bottom-up parsing (2002)

We propose a new method to recognize the machine-printed monetary amount based on two-dimensional segmentation and bottom-up parsing. In conventional segmentation-based methods, the system segments the image only along the direction of the character line. This new method segments the image both horizontally and vertically, and extracts candidates of character segments correctly if there are many noises or characters are fragmented. A parsing module detects the optimal sequence of candidate segments using linguistic knowledge. In our method, a context-free grammar describes the linguistic constraints in the monetary amounts. We devised a new bottom-up parsing technique that interprets the results of character classification of the two-dimensionally segmented sub-images. We tested the validity of the new method using 1,314 images, and found that it improves the recognition accuracy significantly.
Genetic similarity of chromosome 6 between patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and HLA matched sibling donors (2009)

Potentially, genes similar in some transplantation pairs while different in others might have a significant role in determining the outcome after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
Clinical modeling of T cell vaccination against autoimmune diseases in rats. Selection of antigen-specific T cells using a mitogen. (1990)

Effective T cell vaccination against experimental autoimmune diseases involves treatment with activated, autoimmune T lymphocytes. The present study was undertaken to learn whether antigen-specific T cells present in low frequency could be selected in vitro without using the specific antigen. The rat models of adjuvant arthritis and experimental autoimmune en- cephalomyelitis were investigated using proliferation assays and limiting dilution techniques to quantify the changes in re- activity of a heterogenous population of lymphocytes to the relevant antigen. Stimulation with concanavalin A for 2 d and then culture in IL-2-containing medium led to a substantial increase in the activity and frequency of the specific autoim- mune T cells.
ESD Protection in Automotive Integrated Circuit Applications (2017)

This chapter reviews the design considerations and the solution approaches for automotive and integrated circuit (IC) applications operating in harsh environment. It describes the standards for electromagnetic interference (EMI) and electrostatic discharge (ESD) considered for automotive interface applications. The chapter addresses the impact of ESD and EMI on the technology development with particular attention to reference device design window margin and protection device development. Then, it also addresses the guidelines on technology characterization and quality controls for enabling this type of circuit applications with particular consideration on the trade-offs encountered in process technologies and cost. As part of the automotive environment signal communication chain, the innovative adoption of automotive audio bus (A2B) transceivers for infotainment applications enables a cost-effective method of multiplexing and transmitting audio data from multiple microphone or microphone array endpoints to the head unit or specialized electronics control unit (ECU).