gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amorphous thin-film oxide power devices operating beyond bulk single-crystal silicon limit (2021)

Abstract Power devices (PD) are ubiquitous elements of the modern electronics industry that must satisfy the rigorous and diverse demands for robust power conversion systems that are essential for emerging technologies including Internet of Things (IoT), mobile electronics, and wearable devices. However, conventional PDs based on “bulk” and “single-crystal” semiconductors require high temperature (&gt;1000°C) fabrication processing and a thick (typically a few tens to 100 μm) drift layer1, thereby preventing their applications to compact devices2, where PDs must be fabricated on a heat sensitive and flexible substrate. Here we report next-generation PDs based on “thin-films” of “amorphous” oxide semiconductors with the performance exceeding the silicon limit (a theoretical limit for a PD based on bulk single-crystal silicon3). The breakthrough was achieved by the creation of an ideal Schottky interface without Fermi-level pinning at the interface, resulting in low specific on-resistance Ron,sp (&lt;1×10-4 Ωcm2) and high breakdown voltage VBD (~100 V). To demonstrate the unprecedented capability of the amorphous thin-film oxide power devices (ATOPs), we successfully fabricated a prototype on a flexible polyimide film, which is not compatible with the fabrication process of bulk single-crystal devices. The ATOP will play a central role in the development of next generation advanced technologies where devices require large area fabrication on flexible substrates and three-dimensional integration.
Titelbild: Total Synthesis of Pactamycin (Angew. Chem. 15/2011) (2011)

Jede Menge Funktionalität in ein Cyclopentangerüst zu packen, ist der Weg, auf dem der Bodenmikroorganismus Streptomyces pactum Pactamycin erzeugt, ein cytotoxisches und antibakterielles Aminocyclopentitol. S. Hanessian et al. beschreiben in der Zuschrift auf S. 3559 ff. dessen erste Totalsynthese. Im Bild sind Intermediate aufgeführt, die letztlich Pactamycin ergeben, und die Einschübe zeigen B. subtilis (grün), Thermus-thermophilus-Kristalle (magenta) und das Binden von Pactamycin in der 30S-RNA-Einheit (nach Ramakrishnan et al.) vor S. pactum im Hintergrund.
Neuroprotective and restorative effects of intrastriatal grafting of encapsulated GDNF‐producing cells in a rat model of Parkinson's disease (2002)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been shown to possess potent neurotrophic effects on dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We attempted the transplantation of encapsulated GDNF-producing cells to generate a stable supply of GDNF in the brain to promote neuroprotective and restorative effects for DA neurons. We established baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells and introduced GDNF cDNA to produce human GDNF (BHK-GDNF). These BHK-GDNF cells, or nontransfected BHK cells (BHK-Control), were encapsulated into hollow fibers, and the polymer encapsulated cells were unilaterally implanted into the striatum of adult rats, either before or after the administration of 6-hydroxydopamine into the same striatum. The encapsulated BHK-GDNF cells produced GDNF continuously in the striatum for up to 6 months. The rats that received a BHK-GDNF capsule showed a significant decrease in rotational behaviour compared to those that received a BHK-control capsule. Preservation of the nigrostriatal pathway was significantly greater in those that received a BHK-GDNF capsule than in those that received a BHK-control capsule. This indicates that encapsulated GDNF-producing cells can supply GDNF in a stable fashion and have protective and restorative effects on host DA neurons. Our results support a role for this grafting technique in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
First Report of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne kralli in Switzerland (2002)

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne kralli Jepson was originally described from Carex acuta L. near the Elva River in Estonia (3). This species, which was rarely detected in Russia, Poland, and the UK, was observed on Cyperaceae hosts in very wet, sandy, peat, and silt soils (1). Although marked as a rare and unusual root-knot nematode, a wider European distribution was hypothesized, particularly for natural habitats where Cyperaceae are common (4). In October 2001, we finished the first root-knot nematode survey in Switzerland, which included a protected peat-moss area named Hüttensee near Wädenswil at 660 m altitude. Small smooth galls were observed on the roots of different Carex species. These galls contained several hatched second-stage juveniles, partly swollen juveniles, and a few swollen adult females with small egg masses. No protruding egg masses were observed outside the galls and no males were observed inside. Second-stage juveniles together with males also were isolated from adhering soil. The identification of these nematodes as M. kralli was based on female and second-stage juvenile morphology, and female malate dehydrogenase and esterase isozyme phenotypes (2,4). M. kralli is the only root-knot nematode known to parasitize Cyperaceae hosts, although this nematode has other monocotyledonous hosts, such as Hordeum vulgare L. (1). To our knowledge this is the first published report of M. kralli from the Alps. References: (1) M. W. Brzeski. Nematodes of Tylenchina in Poland and Temperate Europe. Page 242 in: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, Warszawa, Poland, 1998. (2) P. R. Esbenshade and A. C. Triantaphyllou. J. Nematol. 17:6, 1985. (3) S. Jepson. Rev. Nematol. 6:239, 1983. (4) G. Karssen and T. van Hoenselaar. Nematologica 44:713, 1998.
Abstract 5017: T-cell repertoire turnover induced by anti-CTLA-4 antibody treatment in cancer patients (2014)

Abstract While treatment with anti-CTLA-4 antibody can induce clinical responses in advanced cancer patients, its effects on the breadth of the T cell response is unknown. We used a next-generation sequencing-based method to assess T cell repertoire diversity in 46 patients with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer or metastatic melanoma. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from patients prior to and during treatment with anti-CTLA-4 antibody. mRNA was amplified using locus-specific primer sets for T cell receptor (TCR) beta, and the amplified product was sequenced. Sequence reads were used to quantitate absolute TCR frequencies using standardized clonotype determination algorithms with normalization by spiked reference TCR sequences. Following clonotype quantitation, repertoire differences between serial samples were assessed by the Morisita index, a statistical measure of population dispersion. 97 paired samples were assessed, of which 46 (47%) had increases and 22 (23%) had decreases in TCR diversity by more than 2-fold. By comparison, none of 9 untreated sample pairs underwent more than a 2-fold change in diversity (P = 0.005, Fisher's exact test, two tailed). TCR repertoire differences between monthly samples were markedly higher than for time-matched controls. After the first treatment, median Morisita index between samples was 0.197 for treated samples versus 0.039 for untreated (P = 0.0005, Mann-Whitney U test). The median number of clones that significantly changed in abundance was 421 for treated versus 45 for controls. In patients with multiple time points, this rapid clonotype evolution continued through treatment. Whereas the number of clonotypes that increased with treatment was not associated with clinical outcome, improved overall survival was associated with maintenance of high frequency clones present at baseline. In contrast the highest frequency clonotypes fell with treatment in patients with shorter overall survival. Stably maintained clonotypes included T cells possessing high avidity TCR such as CMV-reactive T cells. Together, these results suggest that CTLA-4 blockade induces T-cell repertoire evolution and diversification. Moreover, improved clinical outcomes are associated with less clonotype loss, consistent with the maintenance of high frequency TCR clonotypes during treatment. These clones may represent the presence of pre-existing high avidity T cells that may be relevant in the anti-tumor response. Citation Format: Lawrence H. Fong, Edward Cha, Mark Klinger, Yafei Hou, Craig Cummings, Antoni Ribas, Malek Faham. T-cell repertoire turnover induced by anti-CTLA-4 antibody treatment in cancer patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5017. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5017
Joining of dissimilar alloy porous aluminum by press forming with reciprocated press die (2022)

In this study, two-layered porous aluminum consisting of A1050 commercial-purity aluminum and ADC12 Al-Si-Cu aluminum alloy was fabricated by joining A1050 and ADC12 porous aluminum with foaming process. As a joining method, press forming immediately after foaming of the two types of porous aluminum that were foamed at the same time was introduced. In addition, to promote material flow during joining, the pressing die was reciprocated in the horizontal direction during press forming. Preliminary experiments showed that the A1050 and ADC12 precursors can be foamed at the same time by applying black toner to the surface of the A1050 precursor. From the joining experiments, although the pressed surface and A1050 part of the porous aluminum was densified at an amplitude of 40 mm, it was found that a two-layered porous aluminum with good pore structures can be obtained at an amplitude of 5 mm. By the four-point bending test of the obtained two-layered porous aluminum, we observed pores of the porous aluminum on the fracture surface. This finding indicates that strong bonding can be obtained by press forming immediately after foaming with a reciprocation of the pressing die.
Multilevel security for knowledge based systems (2002)

Work aimed at defining a multilevel, mandatory security policy for knowledge based systems. The authors address two distinct issues: an effective implementation formalism based on a multilevel, object oriented programming paradigm and requirements for ensuring the correctness of inferences computed on the basis of possibly contradictory information from different access classes. They define requirements for an object-oriented system capable of handling multilevel objects within a single access class. They then outline a method by which multilevel objects may be used to implement a simple knowledge based system built on production rules. The authors argue that the issues regarding correctness are similar to those of truth maintenance in standard knowledge based systems and may be addressed by similar methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Quantitative phase imaging of fiber Bragg gratings in multicore fibers (2018)

Fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and multi-core fibers (MCFs) have independently demonstrated high levels of performance in numerous diverse applications. When integrated together, the devices can offer enhanced performance as well as open more applications. In all of these cases, the refractive index (RI) characterization of the FBGs is crucial in monitoring and validating the fabricated devices. To accomplish this, quantitative phase imaging (QPI) is a promising RI characterization candidate satisfying all of the requirements: noninvasive measurement, quantitative characterization, sub-micrometer resolution, no a priori knowledge, and 3D reconstruction. In this paper, we propose a new QPI method for characterization of the RI distribution of multiple FBGs in a single MCF. We have identified the key challenges associated with this approach: the pixel integration effect, aliasing effect, numerical aperture requirement, and characteristic functions recovery. We have further identified approaches for overcoming each of these challenges that have previously impeded this direction of research. The proposed method is supported by simulations of 2D and 3D gratings.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF A CONCENTRATED INDUSTRIAL LEACHATE FROM AGED PROCESS WASTE AT A VISCOSE RAYON PRODUCTION FACILITY (2002)

PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF A CONCENTRATED INDUSTRIAL LEACHATE FROM AGED PROCESS WASTE AT A VISCOSE RAYON PRODUCTION FACILITYViscose Rayon process waste was disposed of in open surface impoundments and resulted in the formation of a concentrated leachate, which is now associated with a semi-solid, cellulose-based waste material. Since the alkaline leachate is a presumed source for a groundwater plume extending down-gradient from the surface impoundments, the leachate “source” may require extraction and...Author(s)Charles BottJohn KoonPatrick BrooksPaul RichTodd MartinDouglas BementWilliam CutlerSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 24 - Industrial Issues and Treatment Technologies Symposium: Pharmaceutical and Chemical Industry WastewaterDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2002ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20020101)2002:15L.310;1-DOI10.2175/193864702784247422Volume / Issue2002 / 15Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)310 - 323Copyright2002Word count265
An optimal method for designing the controllers used in grid-connected PV systems (2012)

As the fast development of grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) power supplies in recent years, the grid-connected voltage source converters (VSCs) are being considered as prime candidates for interfacing these resources to power network. In order to better meet the grid code, the control scheme of the converter becomes crucial. Currently the voltage-oriented control strategy is widely utilized. But for the control scheme it is difficult to obtain the optimal PI parameters. In this paper, a novel design method to obtain optimal parameters of two current proportional-integral (PI) controllers and a voltage PI controller is proposed so as to fulfilling the requirements, which have the characteristic of rapid dynamics, low harmonic distortion, and superior disturbance rejection capability. Meanwhile, the method can be useful for the PI controllers of the wind power generation system. Based on real time digital simulator, the performance of the controllers designed by the presented method is experimentally evaluated.
The N,N,N-trimethylammonium moiety as tetrel bond donor site: crystallographic and computational studies (2022)

Five structures bearing the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-trimethylammonium unit have been investigated to address the ability of the N<sup>+</sup>-CH<sub>3</sub> unit to function as a tetrel bond donor site. Charged and neutral electron density donors display close contacts with different carbon atoms of methyl groups on the ammonium moiety. The Hirshfeld atom refinement (HAR) technique was used on selected structures to accurately and precisely determine the hydrogen atom positions and, consequently, to get better insights into the N<sup>+</sup>-C⋯Nu (Nu = nucleophile) interactions occurring in the crystals. In particular, the performed analyses highlighted specific geometrical features of the moieties involved in the interactions and allowed distinguishing between tetrel and hydrogen bonds.
Experimental characterization of the separation between wavelength-multiplexed quantum and classical communication channels (2005)

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a new technique for secure key distribution based on the laws of physics rather than mathematical or algorithmic computational complexity used by current systems. Understanding the compatibility of QKD at 1310 nm with the existing commercial optical networks bearing classical wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels at 1550 nm is important to advance the deployment of QKD systems in such networks. The minimum wavelength separation for multiplexing QKD and WDM channels on a shared fiber is experimentally determined for impairment-free QKD+WDM transmission.
Time hopping direct-sequence CDMA for asynchronous transmitter-only sensors (2008)

This paper investigates transmission schemes for asynchronous transmitter-only wireless sensor nodes. We propose a time hopping DS-CDMA scheme by utilizing time hopping code design. Each sensor transmits only in pre-assigned active time slots and switches to sleep mode in idle time slots. By utilizing the proposed scheme, each sensor can always have several collision-free time slots. We also propose a new detector that has better BER performance than conventional matched filter (MF) detector by utilizing channel energy capturing and multipath diversity. We compare BER performance, power consumptions, and computational complexities of the proposed transmission scheme with conventional DS-CDMA scheme. The proposed scheme achieves significant energy and complexity savings while keeping similar BER performance with conventional DS-CDMA scheme.
Chemical Properties of N-Chlorotaurine Sodium, a Key Compound in the Human Defence System (2002)

N-chlorotaurine (NCT) is known to play an important role in the human defence system. The already proved utility of the sodium salt as a disinfectant in human medicine suggested a thorough investigation of its chemical properties. Chlorine transfer to N-H groups (transhalogenation) and oxidation of thio and aromatic compounds represent its main reactions. Auto-chlorination causes disproportionation forming N, N-dichlorotaurine (NDCT) with K(d) = [NDCT][taurine]/f(a)[NCT]2aH+ = (4.5 +/- 0.8) x 10(6), while the reaction with ammonium releasing NH2Cl is characterised by K(NHCl2) = [NH2Cl][taurine]/[NCT][NH4+]f(a)2 = 0.02 +/- 0.004. The verified unique stability and low level reactivity of NCT are considered essential for its function in the mammalian defence system and its practical applicability, which manifests itself in an optimal compromise between microbicidal activity and toxicity.
High-performance vertical interconnection for high-density 3D chip stacking package (2004)

The three-dimensional (3D) chip stacking technology developed in ASET is a leading technology for realization of a high-density and high-performance system-in-package (SIP). As for the advanced interconnection technology, a 20-/spl mu/m-pitch low impedance vertical interconnection through Cu through via (TV) within thin chips plays the following roles: wide signal bus and very short electrical path for high-frequency signal transmission, strong power supplies and stable ground lines. The vertical interconnection was fabricated by inter chip connection (ICC) process, which includes Cu bump bonding (CBB) utilizing Cu-Sn diffusion for connecting Cu TVs without the formation of bumps on the chip back surface and encapsulation micro thin gap between chips. We elucidate the Cu-Sn diffusion phenomena and Cu oxide influence which were important CBB issues to realize the minute interconnection of Cu TVs. The temperature cycling test (TCT) was performed on chip on chip (COC) and 3D chip stacking structures fabricated by ICC process, and over 1,000 cycles reliability was confirmed. The consistent fabrication of vertical interconnection was realized. Then, we conducted the two important electrical evaluations. One is the DC resistance of the vertical interconnection, which measured only 15.4 m/spl Omega/ per layer. Another was the signal transmission delay, and only 0.9 ps was confirmed. Therefore, the vertical interconnection with Cu TV and ICC demonstrates the excellent capability of high performance interconnections on 3D chip stacking package. In addition, the micro scale strip line was evaluated to realize advanced SIP. The eye diagram on 3 Gbps indicated sufficient transmission. We will be able to realize high performance advanced SIP utilizing the vertical interconnection and high-speed horizontal line.
Optimization of micropillar sequences for fluid flow sculpting (2015)

Inertial fluid flow deformation around pillars in a microchannel is a new method for controlling fluid flow. Sequences of pillars have been shown to produce a rich phase space with a wide variety of flow transformations. Previous work has successfully demonstrated manual design of pillar sequences to achieve desired transformations of the flow cross-section, with experimental validation. However, such a method is not ideal for seeking out complex sculpted shapes as the search space quickly becomes too large for efficient manual discovery. We explore fast, automated optimization methods to solve this problem. We formulate the inertial flow physics in microchannels with different micropillar configurations as a set of state transition matrix operations. These state transition matrices are constructed from experimentally validated streamtraces. This facilitates modeling the effect of a sequence of micropillars as nested matrix-matrix products, which have very efficient numerical implementations. With this new forward model, arbitrary micropillar sequences can be rapidly simulated with various inlet configurations, allowing optimization routines quick access to a large search space. We integrate this framework with the genetic algorithm and showcase its applicability by designing micropillar sequences for various useful transformations. We computationally discover micropillar sequences for complex transformations that are substantially shorter than manually designed sequences. We also determine sequences for novel transformations that were difficult to manually design. Finally, we experimentally validate these computational designs by fabricating devices and comparing predictions with the results from confocal microscopy.
Comparison of Porous Tantalum Acetabular Implants and Harrington Reconstruction for Metastatic Disease of the Acetabulum (2020)

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Management of haemophilia B inhibitor patients with anaphylactic reactions to FIX concentrates (2003)

Allergic reactions to concentrates containing factor IX (FIX) are serious complications in the treatment of haemophilia B patients with inhibitor. We have established a therapeutic protocol for such cases using an initial skin test followed by step-wise infusions of FIX concentrates under hydrocortisone cover. We have successfully treated three patients whose treatment with FIX had been suspended.
Eliminating heterophilic antibody interference for ferritin detection using Olympus F(ab')2 based reagent. (2008)

Interferences with the Olympus immunoturbidimetric assay for ferritin have been reported because the antibodies used in the immunoassay are derived from rabbits. Rabbits are familiar pets known to be a risk factor for developing heterophilic (or interfering) antibodies. This report shows how the current Olympus Ferritin assay has been improved to eliminate the interference from heterophilic antibodies.
Evaluating haptics and 3D stereo displays using Fitts' law (2005)

This paper describes research performed at the BioRobotics lab at Stanford University on the development of a visio-haptic workstation for surgical simulation. This study focuses on the design tradeoffs and choices that must be made to successfully combine 3D stereo with haptic feedback to enable immersive interaction with simulated surgical environments. Specifically, the study concentrates on building a matrix for evaluating 3D stereo haptic workstations. This research attempts to make quantitative comparisons by using Fitts' Law and positioning test. This paper demonstrates that these methods are applicable to the evaluation of visio-haptic workstations and suggests directions for future research.