gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 4Gbps 0.57pJ/bit Process-Voltage-Temperature Variation Tolerant All-Digital True Random Number Generator in 45nm CMOS (2009)

This paper describes an all-digital on-die true random number generator implemented in 45 nm CMOS technology, with random bit throughput of 4 Gbps and total energy consumption of 0.57 pJ/bit. A 2-step tuning mechanism enables robust operation in the presence of up to 20% fabrication-time process variation as well as immunity to run-time voltage and temperature fluctuation. The 100% use of digital components enables a compact layout occupying 1024 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with high entropy/bit of 0.94, and scalable operation down to 0.5 V, while passing all NIST RNG tests.
Supplementary Methods from Prooncogenic Factors miR-23b and miR-27b Are Regulated by Her2/<i>Neu</i>, EGF, and TNF-α in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 58K&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of skin hydration on the dynamics of fingertip gripping contact (2011)

The dynamics of fingertip contact manifest themselves in the complex skin movements observed during the transition from a stuck state to a fully developed slip. While investigating this transition, we found that it depended on skin hydration. To quantify this dependency, we asked subjects to slide their index fingertip on a glass surface while keeping the normal component of the interaction force constant with the help of visual feedback. Skin deformation inside the contact region was imaged with an optical apparatus that allowed us to quantify the relative sizes of the slipping and sticking regions. The ratio of the stuck skin area to the total contact area decreased linearly from 1 to 0 when the tangential force component increased from 0 to a maximum. The slope of this relationship was inversely correlated to the normal force component. The skin hydration level dramatically affected the dynamics of the contact encapsulated in the course of evolution from sticking to slipping. The specific effect was to reduce the tendency of a contact to slip, regardless of the variations of the coefficient of friction. Since grips were more unstable under dry skin conditions, our results suggest that the nervous system responds to dry skin by exaggerated grip forces that cannot be simply explained by a change in the coefficient of friction.
IBM PAIRS: Scalable big geospatial-temporal data and analytics as-a-service (2020)

The rapid growth of geospatial-temporal data from sources like satellites, drones, weather modeling, IoT sensors etc., accumulating at a pace of PetaBytes to ExaBytes annually, opens unprecedented opportunities for both science and industrial applications. However, the sheer size and complexity of such data presents significant challenges for conventional geospatial information systems (GIS) which are supported by relational geospatial databases and cloud-based geospatial services based on file systems (manifested as object stores or “cold” tape storages). To fully exploit the value of geospatial-temporal data, particularly by leveraging the latest advances in machine-learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), a new paradigm for platforms and services is required. Some of the necessary salient features include: (i) scalable cloud-based deployment capable of handling hundreds of PetaBytes of data, (ii) harmonization of data in order to mask the complexity of data (schema, map projection etc.) from end users, (iii) advanced search capabilities of data at a “pixel level” (in contrast to “file level”), and (iv) “in-data” analytics and computation to avoid downloading the mammoth amount of data through the internet. In this chapter, we review the current trend of the design, implementation, and functionalities of such geospatial-temporal platforms and associated services, focusing on those based upon scalable key-value datastores. IBM PAIRS (Physical Analytics Integrated Data and Repository Services) Geoscope will be used as an example through which we illustrate how the architecture and key-value datastore design supports the aforementioned features and high-performance data ingestion, query, and analytics. The specific implementation of a publicly available PAIRS instance will be presented along with its performance benchmarking. Furthermore, we review the RESTful API interface of IBM PAIRS. The APIs are minimalistic and designed to provide the end users from different perspectives - data providers, industrial analysts, software developers, data scientists - a smooth experience to seamlessly exploit and use geospatial-temporal data. The API interaction with PAIRS will be illustrated through a few query examples and use cases in extended range weather forecasting and electric utilities. The use cases also highlight how contextual insights can be rapidly gained through a variety of “cross-layer” queries and analytics to reveal relationships/patterns and to predict trends.
Multiple Wavelet Basis Image Denoising Using Besov Ball Projections (2004)

We propose a new image denoising algorithm that exploits an image's representation in multiple wavelet domains. Besov balls are convex sets of images whose Besov norms are bounded from above by their radii. Projecting an image onto a Besov ball of proper radius corresponds to a type of wavelet shrinkage for image denoising. By defining Besov balls in multiple wavelet domains and projecting onto their intersection using the projection onto convex sets (POCS) algorithm, we obtain an estimate that effectively combines estimates from multiple wavelet domains. While simple, the algorithm provides significant improvement over conventional wavelet shrinkage algorithms based on a single wavelet domain.
Ballistocardiogram-Based Approach to Cuffless Blood Pressure Monitoring: Proof of Concept and Potential Challenges (2018)

The proposed approach has potential to complement the pulse transit time technique for cuffless blood pressure monitoring in two ways. First, it may be integrated with pulse transit time to enable independent monitoring of diastolic and systolic pressures via the J-K amplitude. Second, it may even enable diastolic and systolic pressure monitoring from the ballistocardiogram alone.
A Novel Single-Site Mutation in the Catalytic Domain of Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase IX (PPO) Confers Resistance to PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides (2019)

Protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibiting herbicides are used to control weeds in a variety of crops. These herbicides inhibit heme and photosynthesis in plants. PPO-inhibiting herbicides are used to control <i>Amaranthus palmeri</i> (Palmer amaranth) especially those with resistance to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides. While investigating the basis of high fomesafen-resistance in <i>A. palmeri</i>, we identified a new amino acid substitution of glycine to alanine in the catalytic domain of PPO2 at position 399 (G399A) (numbered according to the protein sequence of <i>A. palmeri</i>). G399 is highly conserved in the PPO protein family across eukaryotic species. Through combined molecular, computational, and biochemical approaches, we established that PPO2 with G399A mutation has reduced affinity for several PPO-inhibiting herbicides, possibly due to steric hindrance induced by the mutation. This is the first report of a PPO2 amino acid substitution at G399 position in a field-selected weed population of <i>A. palmeri</i>. The mutant <i>A. palmeri</i> PPO2 showed high-level <i>in vitro</i> resistance to different PPO inhibitors relative to the wild type. The G399A mutation is very likely to confer resistance to other weed species under selection imposed by the extensive agricultural use of PPO-inhibiting herbicides.
Retinal Toxicity of Intravitreal Injection of Ziv-Aflibercept in Albino Rabbits (2018)

If proven safe, ziv-aflibercept may be a new affordable treatment option in conditions involving neovascularization and macular edema.
Coaxing confidences from an old friend (2000)

Transformation-based learning has been successfully employed to solve many natural language processing problems. It has many positive features, but one drawback is that it does not provide estimates of class membership probabilities.
Regulation of a connection admission control algorithm (1999)

Connection admission control (CAC) algorithms are used to decide whether an incoming connection should be accepted or rejected in a node of a network offering reservation based services in order to maintain the guaranteed quality of service (QoS) in the network. In this paper, we consider the statistical CAC algorithm proposed by Elwalid et al. (see IEEE JSAC, vol.13, no.6, p.1048-56, 1995). The traffic model is made of on-off sources and the QoS parameter is the loss probability. Based on the traffic descriptors of existing and incoming connections, the algorithm takes its decision by computing an upper bound of this probability and checking whether it is larger than a given tolerance /spl epsiv/. Usually this tolerance is a fixed, given parameter. We propose here to adapt /spl epsiv/ to react to the actual losses experienced at the node using a simple regulation mechanism: if the actual loss rate is much smaller than the targeted loss rate, /spl epsiv/ is increased to make a more aggressive usage of the available resources, and vice versa if the actual loss rate is too high. We discuss the influence of the regulation parameters and we show that despite its simplicity this regulated CAC improves significantly the performance of its non-tunable counterpart.
Covert Communication via Non-Causal Cribbing from a Cooperative Jammer (2021)

We consider the problem of covert communication in the presence of a cooperative jammer. Covert communication refers to communication that is undetectable by an adversary, i.e., a scenario in which, despite ongoing communication, the output distribution observed by an adversary called the “warden” is indistinguishable from the distribution that would have been induced by an innocent channel-input symbol. It is known that in general, a transmitter and a receiver can communicate only <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$O(\sqrt{n})$</tex> covert bits over <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$n$</tex> channel uses, i.e., zero rate. This paper shows that a cooperative jammer can facilitate the communication of positive covert rates, subject to the transmitter having non-causal access to the jammer signal. An achievable rate region is calculated that highlights the relation between the covert communication rate, jammer's randomness (expressed as a rate), and rate of a secret key shared between transmitter and receiver.
High performance GaAs/AlGaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers designed for cryogenic applications (2002)

The slope efficiency (/spl eta//sub s/) and the output power (P/sub out/) of proton-implant-isolated AlGaAs/GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) improve dramatically as the temperature is decreased, with /spl eta//sub s/>90% at 77 K, compared to /spl eta//sub s//spl ap/20% at room temperature. This suggests that the VCSEL can be a very efficient device for cryogenic applications. In this paper we report the first VCSEL that has been optimized for operation near 77 K, with characteristics that are superior to those of VCSELs operating at room temperature, including high output power (P/sub out/=22 mW), high power conversion efficiency (/spl eta//sub d/=32%), high slope efficiency (/spl eta//sub s/=75%-95%), low threshold voltage (V/sub th/=1.75 V) and current (I/sub th/=2 mA), and low power dissipation (P/sub d/<10 mW for P/sub out/=2.5 mW) for a 20 /spl mu/m diameter device.
Important Role of FTO in the Survival of Rare Panresistant Triple-Negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells Facing a Severe Metabolic Challenge (2016)

We have previously shown that only 0.01% cells survive a metabolic challenge involving lack of glutamine in culture medium of SUM149 triple-negative Inflammatory Breast Cancer cell line. These cells, designated as SUM149-MA for metabolic adaptability, are resistant to chemotherapeutic drugs, and they efficiently metastasize to multiple organs in nude mice. We hypothesized that obesity-related molecular networks, which normally help in cellular and organismal survival under metabolic challenges, may help in the survival of MA cells. The fat mass and obesity-associated protein FTO is overexpressed in MA cells. Obesity-associated cis-acting elements in non-coding region of FTO regulate the expression of IRX3 gene, thus activating obesity networks. Here we found that IRX3 protein is significantly overexpressed in MA cells (5 to 6-fold) as compared to the parental SUM149 cell line, supporting our hypothesis. We also obtained evidence that additional key regulators of energy balance such as ARID5B, IRX5, and CUX1 P200 repressor could potentially help progenitor-like TNBC cells survive in glutamine-free medium. MO-I-500, a pharmacological inhibitor of FTO, significantly (>90%) inhibited survival and/or colony formation of SUM149-MA cells as compared to untreated cells or those treated with a control compound MO-I-100. Curiously, MO-I-500 treatment also led to decreased levels of FTO and IRX3 proteins in the SUM149 cells initially surviving in glutamine-free medium as compared to MO-I-100 treatment. Interestingly, MO-I-500 treatment had a relatively little effect on cell growth of either the SUM149 or SUM149-MA cell line when added to a complete medium containing glutamine that does not pose a metabolic challenge. Importantly, once selected and cultured in glutamine-free medium, SUM149-MA cells were no longer affected by MO-I-500 even in Gln-free medium. We conclude that panresistant MA cells contain interconnected molecular networks that govern developmental status and energy balance, and genetic and epigenetic alterations that are selected during cancer evolution.
The Effects of Balanced Versus Saline-Based Hetastarch and Crystalloid Solutions on Acid-Base and Electrolyte Status and Gastric Mucosal Perfusion in Elderly Surgical Patients (2001)

This prospective, randomized, blinded trial showed that, in elderly surgical patients, the use of balanced IV solutions can prevent the development of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis and provide better gastric mucosal perfusion compared with saline-based fluids.
Toward 6G: From New Hardware Design to Wireless Semantic and\n Goal-Oriented Communication Paradigms (2021)

Several speculative visions are conjecturing on what 6G services will be able\nto offer at the horizon of 2030. Nevertheless, the 6G design process is at its\npreliminary stages. The reality today is that hardware, technologies and new\nmaterials required to effectively meet the unprecedented performance targets\nrequired for future 6G services and network operation, have not been designed,\ntested or even do not exist yet. Today, a solid vision on the cost-benefit\ntrade-offs of machine learning and artificial intelligence support for 6G\nnetwork and services operation optimization is missing. This includes the\npossible support from hardware efficiency, operation effectiveness and, the\nimmeasurable cost due to data acquisition-transfer-processing. The contribution\nof this paper is three-fold. This is the first paper deriving crucial 6G key\nperformance indicators on hardware and technology design. Second, we present a\nnew hardware technologies design methodology conceived to enable the effective\nsoftware-hardware components integration required to meet the challenging\nperformance envisioned for future 6G networks. Third, we suggest a paradigm\nshift towards goal-oriented and semantic communications, in which a totally new\nopportunity of joint design of hardware, artificial intelligence and effective\ncommunication is offered. The proposed vision is consolidated by our recent\nresults on hardware, technology and machine learning performance.\n
Enantiomeric separation of amino acids and nonprotein amino acids using a particle-loaded monolithic column (2000)

A solution is prepared of 5 microm silica particles modified with (S)-N-3,5-dinitrobenzoyl-1-naphthylglycine (particle 1) or (S)-N-3,5-dinitrophenylaminocarbonyl-valine (particle 2) suspended in liquid tetraethylorthosilicate, ethanol, and aqueous hydrochloric acid. This solution is injected under pressure into a 30 cm long, 75 microm inner diameter capillary column and heated for 1 h at 120 degrees C after which the modified particles are embedded in a monolithic column of sol gel. The packed column measures approximately 15 cm from the inlet to the window used to view the laser-induced fluorescence. Thirteen different amino acids and three nonprotein amino acids are derivatized with the fluorogenic reagent 4-fluoro-7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (NBD-F) before injection onto the column for capillary electrochromatographic separation. The enantiomeric separation of the monolithic column packed with particle 1 results in a resolution ranging from 1.14 to 4.45, whereas that packed with particle 2 results in a resolution ranging from 0.79 to 1.17. On the basis of resolution and amount of chiral packing material the enantiomeric separation obtained by capillary electrochromatography is judged to be superior to that obtained previously with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Grounding Open-Domain Instructions to Automate Web Support Tasks (2021)

Grounding natural language instructions on the web to perform previously unseen tasks enables accessibility and automation. We introduce a task and dataset to train AI agents from open-domain, step-by-step instructions originally written for people. We build RUSS (Rapid Universal Support Service) to tackle this problem. RUSS consists of two models: First, a BERT-LSTM with pointers parses instructions to ThingTalk, a domain-specific language we design for grounding natural language on the web. Then, a grounding model retrieves the unique IDs of any webpage elements requested in ThingTalk. RUSS may interact with the user through a dialogue (e.g. ask for an address) or execute a web operation (e.g. click a button) inside the web runtime. To augment training, we synthesize natural language instructions mapped to ThingTalk. Our dataset consists of 80 different customer service problems from help websites, with a total of 741 step-by-step instructions and their corresponding actions. RUSS achieves 76.7% end-to-end accuracy predicting agent actions from single instructions. It outperforms state-of-the-art models that directly map instructions to actions without ThingTalk. Our user study shows that RUSS is preferred by actual users over web navigation.
Electrochemical Depolymerization of Lignin in a Biomass‐based Solvent** (2022)

Breaking down lignin into smaller units is the key to generate high value-added products. Nevertheless, dissolving this complex plant polyphenol in an environment-friendly way is often a challenge. Levulinic acid, which is formed during the hydrothermal processing of lignocellulosic biomass, has been shown to efficiently dissolve lignin. Herein, levulinic acid was evaluated as a medium for the reductive electrochemical depolymerization of the lignin macromolecule. Copper was chosen as the electrocatalyst due to the economic feasibility and low activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction. After depolymerization, high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed lignin-derived monomers and dimers. A predominance of aryl ether and phenolic groups was observed. Depolymerized lignin was further evaluated as an anti-corrosion coating, revealing enhancements on the electrochemical stability of the metal. Via a simple depolymerization process of biomass waste in a biomass-based solvent, a straightforward approach to produce high value-added compounds or tailored biobased materials was demonstrated.
Magnetic studies of some orthovanadates (1995)

The perovskites L${\mathrm{VO}}_{3}$ (L=La, Lu, or Y) are canted-spin antiferromagnets. Magnetic susceptibility measurements made on cooling from room temperature in a field of 1 kOe or on heating after cooling in 1 kOe give rise to a sample magnetization M that is oriented in opposition to the magnetizing field below 138 K in ${\mathrm{LaVO}}_{3}$, but in the direction of the magnetizing field in ${\mathrm{LuVO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{YVO}}_{3}$. Orientation of the M in ${\mathrm{LaVO}}_{3}$ in opposition to the magnetizing field H occurs on cooling through a first-order magneto- strictive transition at 138 K${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}142 K that enhances the ${\mathit{V}}^{3+}$ ion orbital angular momentum. In ${\mathrm{YVO}}_{3}$, a first-order magnetic-order phase change at 78 K ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}114 K shows no evidence of a discontinuous change in the ${\mathrm{V}}^{3+}$ ion orbital angular momentum. The same is true for a phase change in ${\mathrm{LuVO}}_{3}$ at 83 K${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{N}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}105 K that leaves the magnetic order unchanged. A high-pressure (P\ensuremath{\ge}8 kbar) ${\mathrm{LaVO}}_{3}$ phase metastable below 250 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C is antiferromagnetic without spin canting. The ``anomalous diamagnetism'' previously reported for field-cooled ${\mathrm{LaVO}}_{3}$ is interpreted to reflect the first observation of a change in the direction of the persistent currents at an ion associated with a discontinuous change in an unquenched orbital angular momentum contribution to the atomic moment; a spin-orbit coupling stronger than the Zeemann coupling of the spin to the magnetizing field reverses the entire atomic moment ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{J}}$=gJ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$. Substitution of La by Lu or Y applies a chemical pressure that suppresses the first-order magnetostrictive distortion responsible for the anomalous diamagnetism.
Measurement of stroke volume and cardiac output within a single breath hold with echo‐planar MR imaging (1994)

The measurement of cardiac output and ejection fraction is useful in the treatment of diverse cardiac and cardiopulmonary disease states. Although several techniques are available for accurate measurement of left ventricular parameters, assessment of the right ventricle is less well represented. No single method is overwhelmingly superior, each having different strengths and weaknesses. In the present study, the applicability of an echo-planar magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method in which a complete volumetric measurement of the right and left ventricles may be obtained during 12 heart-beats is demonstrated. This rapidity permits imaging during a 15-second breath hold. The authors show in 12 volunteers that breath-hold echo-planar volume measurements of both ventricles were consistent with results obtained with conventional MR imaging methods.
Mechanisms linking preterm birth to onset of cardiovascular disease later in adulthood (2019)

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) rates in adulthood are high in premature infants; unfortunately, the underlying mechanisms are not well defined. In this review, we discuss potential pathways that could lead to CVD in premature babies. Studies show intense oxidant stress and inflammation at tissue levels in these neonates. Alterations in lipid profile, foetal epigenomics, and gut microbiota in these infants may also underlie the development of CVD. Recently, probiotic bacteria, such as the mucin-degrading bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila have been shown to reduce inflammation and prevent heart disease in animal models. All this information might enable scientists and clinicians to target pathways to act early to curtail the adverse effects of prematurity on the cardiovascular system. This could lead to primary and secondary prevention of CVD and improve survival among preterm neonates later in adult life.