gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual enterprise networks: the next generation of secure enterprise networking (2002)

We present a vision of computing environments in which enterprise networks are built using untrusted public infrastructures. The vision allows for networks to dynamically change depending on the need of their users, rather than forcing the users to build organizations around networks. This vision is realized through a design abstraction called virtual enterprise networking, or short Supernetworking. A first prototype of such a Supernet has been implemented on Linux. Supernetworking introduces a new layer of abstraction in a layered model of computer networking. The Supernet layer sits directly above the network layer and includes its own addressing structure and security services which protect all data transmitted by the network layer. A key component of a Supernet is communications tunneling. Instead of the traditional two endpoints, our tunnels have as many endpoints as there are computers participating in a Supernet. While tunneling has been repeatedly used to implement infrastructure services such as multicasting, virtual private networks, and support for mobility, we distill these technologies into a single, simple abstraction. This new abstraction enables the ability to out-source network infrastructure services in a transparent and secure manner, mobility, and the creation and administration of secure ad-hoc virtual computer networks.
3D packaging technique on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) for miniature wireless biomedical sensor (2010)

This paper presents a novel 3D packaging technique for a miniature wireless biomedical sensor. The end goal of this sensor is for implantation into the eye of a mouse, therefore size is extremely limited. The application makes the packaging of the sensor and control of IC a difficult challenge. The thickness of the unit must be less than 300 microns total. It is demonstrated in this paper that the thickness requirement can be met using novel epoxy interconnects and that micro-vias can be implemented in the package to distribute signals vertically to limit the eventual area of the device. First, the layer-to-layer interconnection between silicon and liquid crystal polymer (LCP) layers is demonstrated using a magnetically aligned Z-axis anisotropic conductive adhesive (ACA). The total thickness of the IC and the packaging layer is less than 150 microns. The resistance through Z-axis ACA represented 1.15 Ω on average for 75 micron pads. Second, 3D transitions through LCP via holes of 20 μm are demonstrated, which are suitable to distribute signals through the small form factor unit. In this paper, we demonstrate transition from an antenna layer through the LCP to a layer above where a rectifier resides. RF power received by a loop antenna on the bottom LCP layer is transferred to the rectifier on the top layer and generates 5 volts of DC voltage. These miniature 3D packaging techniques could make it possible to integrate all components in the small area (500 μm × 500 μm) to implement an implanted wireless biomedical micro-sensor.
Electroless Copper Deposition Using Glyoxylic Acid as Reducing Agent for Ultralarge Scale Integration Metallization (1999)

Electroless copper from solutions that contain glyoxylic acid as reducing agent formed a conformal thin film compatible with very large scale integrated technology for integrated circuits and microelectromechanical systems applications. Glyoxylic acid is an alternative reducing agent that can replace formaldehyde for basic copper sulfate based solutions without compromising thin film properties and process capabilities. Electroless copper was deposited on a silicon surface activated with palladium as well as on an oxide film activated by a thin layer of copper or cobalt. The resistivity of thin copper film, thicker than , deposited from glyoxylic based solution was as deposited, and after a anneal for . Thinner film resistivity increased as film thickness decreased following a simple power low. Electroless copper was deposited from solution with glyoxylic acid into via contact of diam and up to 4:1 aspect ratio. The deposit was smooth and conformal. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
Modeling duration patterns for speaker recognition (2003)

We present a method for speaker recognition that uses the duration patterns of speech units to aid speaker classification. The approach represents each word and/or phone by a feature vector comprised of either the durations of the individual phones making up the word, or the HMM states making up the phone. We model the vectors using mixtures of Gaussians. The speaker specific models are obtained through adaptation of a “background” model that is trained on a large pool of speakers. Speaker models are then used to score the test data; they are normalized by subtracting the scores obtained with the background model. We find that this approach yields significant perfomance improvement when combined with a state-of-the-art speaker recognition system based on standard cepstral features. Furthermore, the improvement persists even after combination with lexical features. Finally, the improvement continues to increase with longer test sample durations, beyond the test duration at which standard system accuracy level off.
Evaluation of Rifalazil in a Combination Treatment Regimen as an Alternative to Isoniazid-Rifampin Therapy in a Mouse Tuberculosis Model (2000)

The newer rifamycin, rifalazil (RLZ) (previously known as KRM-1648), has been shown in prior experiments to be a highly potent drug against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this report, we studied the efficacy of RLZ in combination with pyrazinamide (PZA) and ethambutol (EMB) in a long-term in vivo experiment and compared their activity with the isoniazid (INH)-rifampin (RIF) combination which is presently used in the clinic. Combinations of RLZ with PZA alone or with both PZA and EMB were both found to have sterilizing activities comparable to that of the INH-RIF combination but significantly better activity with respect to relapse of infection. These results suggest that RLZ, or other agents with similar activity, could be combined with available agents to act as a potential alternative drug regimen to the currently used INH-RIF combination.
Gene expression in the rat brain during prostaglandin D2 and adenosinergically‐induced sleep (2008)

Previous studies have supported the hypothesis that macromolecular synthesis occurs in the brain during sleep as a response to prior waking activities and that prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) is an endogenous sleep substance whose effects are dependent on adenosine A2a receptor-mediated signaling. We compared gene expression in the cerebral cortex, basal forebrain, and hypothalamus during PGD2-induced and adenosinergically-induced sleep to results from our previously published study of recovery sleep (RS) after sleep deprivation (SD). Immediate early gene expression in the cortex during sleep induced by PGD2- or by the selective adenosine A2a agonist CGS21680 showed limited similarity to that observed during RS while, in the basal forebrain and hypothalamus, widespread activation of immediate early genes not seen during RS occurred. In all three brain regions, PGD2 and CGS21680 reduced the expression of arc, a transcript whose expression is elevated during SD. Using GeneChips, the majority of genes induced by either PGD2 or CGS21680 were induced by both, suggesting activation of the same pathways. However, gene expression induced in the brain after PGD2 or CGS21680 treatment was distinct from that described during RS after SD and apparently involves glial cell gene activation and signaling pathways in neural-immune interactions.
Busulfan loading into poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles: Physico‐chemistry and molecular modeling (2006)

The busulfan is an alkylating agent widely used for the treatment of haematological malignancies and nonmalignant disorders. For a long time, it has been available only in an oral form. This treatment leads to a wide variability in bioavailability and side effects such as the veino-occlusive disease. Thus, an intravenous formulation of busulfan-loaded nanoparticles may be considered as a major progress. This study deals with busulfan entrapment by nanoprecipitation into five different types of poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) polymers. The polymers leading to the highest busulfan loading efficiencies were poly(isobutyl cyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) and poly(ethyl cyanoacrylate). Molecular modeling along with energy minimization process was employed to identify the nature of the interactions occurring between busulfan and PIBCA. Further, optimization studies enabled to obtain PIBCA nanoparticles displaying busulfan loading ratios equal to 5.9% (w/w) together with nanoparticle yields of 71% (w/w). Since busulfan is a highly reactive molecule, we performed (1)H-NMR spectroscopy experiments showing that chemical integrity of the drug was preserved after loading into nanoparticles. The in vitro release studies under sink conditions, in water, or in rat plasma showed a fast release in the first 10 min followed by a slower one over 6 h. This phenomenon could be explained by the semi-polar characteristics of busulfan.
Comparison of Thermal Performance of Current High-End Thermal Interface Materials (2007)

Reactive NanoTechnologies (RNT) has developed a reactive bonding technology to directly bond silicon dies to heat sinks with indium solder using a reactive multilayered foil. In this new method of bonding, heat is generated locally by exothermic mixing within the multilayered foil. This heat is used to melt indium solder layers to join the dies to the heat sinks. The measured thermal resistance of the resulting solder bond is 4 to 5 K mm2/W (0.006 to 0.008 K in2/W). In addition, the reactive foil also localizes the heat to the interface, thus minimizing residual stress and thermal damage in the components. In this paper we discuss the thermal performance and reliability test results for reactive multilayer bonding with different bond line thicknesses. We also present detailed comparisons of thermal performance between reactive multilayer bonding and other current Thermal Interface Material (TIM) solutions, including polymer-based greases, phase change materials, and low melting metallic alloy. Benchmark tests were done using the graphics processor on an operational video card as a test vehicle. The test results show that the introduction of a reactive multilayer bond as an interface material between the graphics processor and the thermal management device demonstrates significant performance advantages over any of the other current commercially available TIM solutions.
Obstacles and opportunities in managing coexisting obesity and CKD: Report of a scientific workshop cosponsored by the National Kidney Foundation and The Obesity Society (2022)

The National Kidney Foundation (NKF) and The Obesity Society (TOS) cosponsored a multispecialty international workshop in April 2021 to advance the understanding and management of obesity in adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The underlying rationale for the workshop was the accumulating evidence that obesity is a major contributor to CKD and adverse outcomes in individuals with CKD, and that effective treatment of obesity, including lifestyle intervention, weight loss medications, and metabolic surgery, can have beneficial effects. The attendees included a range of experts in the areas of kidney disease, obesity medicine, endocrinology, diabetes, bariatric/metabolic surgery, endoscopy, transplant surgery, and nutrition, as well as patients with obesity and CKD. The group identified strategies to increase patient and provider engagement in obesity management, outlined a collaborative action plan to engage nephrologists and obesity medicine experts in obesity management, and identified research opportunities to address gaps in knowledge about the interaction between obesity and kidney disease. The workshop's conclusions help lay the groundwork for development of an effective, scientifically based, and multidisciplinary approach to the management of obesity in people with CKD.
Enamine chemistry. Part XIV. Reaction of αβ-unsaturated acid chlorides with tertiary enamino-ketones and -esters (1972)

4-Acetyl- and 4-benzoyl-3-(substituted amino)cyclohex-2-en-1-ones have been isolated from the reaction of acryloyl chloride with tertiary enamino-ketones. Tertiary enamino-ethyl esters give the corresponding 4-ethoxy-carbonylcyclohexenones. 2′,4′-Dimethyl-6′-morpholinoacetophenone has been obtained from the self-condensation of 4-morpholinopent-3-en-2-one and identified from spectral data.
Field Trial of Optical Duobinary Transmission Over 1720 km at 10 Gb/s (2002)

Optical duobinary transmission over 1720 km is successfully demonstrated in a field trial within a fully transparent German - wide WDM network. This proves the applicability of duobinary modulation for ultra long haul transmission.
Weak partitioning chromatography for anion exchange purification of monoclonal antibodies (2008)

Weak partitioning chromatography (WPC) is an isocratic chromatographic protein separation method performed under mobile phase conditions where a significant amount of the product protein binds to the resin, well in excess of typical flowthrough operations. The more stringent load and wash conditions lead to improved removal of more tightly binding impurities, although at the cost of a reduction in step yield. The step yield can be restored by extending the column load and incorporating a short wash at the end of the load stage. The use of WPC with anion exchange resins enables a two-column cGMP purification platform to be used for many different mAbs. The operating window for WPC can be easily established using high throughput batch-binding screens. Under conditions that favor very strong product binding, competitive effects from product binding can give rise to a reduction in column loading capacity. Robust performance of WPC anion exchange chromatography has been demonstrated in multiple cGMP mAb purification processes. Excellent clearance of host cell proteins, leached Protein A, DNA, high molecular weight species, and model virus has been achieved.
Differences in Receptor Specificity between Newcastle Disease Viruses Originating from Chickens and Waterfowl. (1999)

We compared the receptor specificity of Newcastle disease viruses from a variety of avian species, including chickens and wild waterfowl, using hemagglutination tests with erythrocytes from different animal species. All isolates from wild waterfowl agglutinated horse erythrocytes, while the chicken isolates did not. The results showed that the receptor specificity of Newcastle disease viruses is different, depending on the avian species from which the viruses are isolated.
γ2‐MSH in congestive heart failure: relation to atrial natriuretic peptide, arginine vasopressin and catecholamines (1990)

A possible role of the proopiomelanocortin derived peptide gamma 2-melanocyte stimulating hormone (gamma 2-MSH) has been studied in patients with various degrees of congestive heart failure (CHF). The profile of changes in circulating levels of gamma 2-MSH-like immunoreactivity (-LI) has been compared with those of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)-LI, arginine vasopressin (AVP)-LI and catecholamines in CHF. Patients with moderate CHF (New York Heart Association stages I-II) showed significantly higher levels of h-alpha ANP-LI and NA (P less than 0.05) compared to controls. Patients with severe CHF (stages III-IV) had significantly higher levels of all hormones measured compared to controls: noradrenaline, P less than 0.001; adrenaline, P less than 0.001; gamma 2-MSH-LI, P less than 0.001; h-alpha ANP-LI, P less than 0.05; AVP-LI, P less than 0.01. For the catecholamines and gamma 2-MSH-LI there was a significant increase from moderate to severe forms of CHF. A significant correlation was observed between gamma 2-MSH-LI and noradrenaline, and between h-alpha ANP-LI and noradrenaline in patients with CHF. The present results show that gamma 2-MSH-LI is increased only in severe forms of cardiac failure, and that this change is more closely related to the increase in circulating levels of noradrenaline than to increased levels of ANP-LI or AVP-LI.
LEWIS RAT PANCREAS, BUT NOT CARDIAC XENOGRAFTS, ARE RESISTANT TO ANTI-GAL ANTIBODY MEDIATED HYPERACUTE REJECTION 1 (2001)

Pancreas xenograft is resistant to anti-Gal Abs-induced HAR but is susceptible to anti-donor specific Abs. Rejection of Lewis pancreas xenograft in STZ-induced, diabetic, GT-Ko mice is T-cell dependent.
A novel approach to cost weighting in unit selection TTS (2009)

Unit selection text-to-speech synthesis relies on multiple cost criteria, each encapsulating a different aspect of acoustic and prosodic context at any given concatenation point. For a particular set of criteria, the relative weighting of the resulting costs crucially affects final candidate ranking. Their influence is typically determined in an empirical manner (e.g., based on a limited amount of synthesized data), yielding global weights that are thus applied to all concatenations indiscriminately. This paper proposes an alternative approach, based on a data-driven framework separately optimized for each concatenation. The cost distribution in every information stream is dynamically leveraged to locally shift weight towards those characteristics that prove most discriminative at this point. An illustrative case study underscores the potential benefits of this solution.
RIS and Cell-Free Massive MIMO: A Marriage For Harsh Propagation Environments (2021)

This paper considers Cell-Free Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems with the assistance of an RIS for enhancing the system performance. Distributed maximum-ratio combining (MRC) is considered at the access points (APs). We introduce an aggregated channel estimation method that provides sufficient information for data processing. The considered system is studied by using asymptotic analysis which lets the number of APs and/or the number of RIS elements grow large. A lower bound for the channel capacity is obtained for a finite number of APs and engineered scattering elements of the RIS, and closed-form expression for the uplink ergodic net throughput is formulated. In addition, a simple scheme for controlling the configuration of the RIS scattering elements is proposed. Numerical results verify the effectiveness of the proposed system design and the benefits of using RISs in Cell-Free Massive MIMO systems are quantified.
Molecular Folding of C60 Acetylenic Cyclophanes:  π-Stacking of Superimposed Aromatic Rings (2003)

[structure: see text] The syntheses of two distinct families of phenylyne helical cyclophanes with potential for organic materials are described. The meta-bonded atropisomers afford interesting bowtie-like and butterfly-like conformers from a palladium(0), copper-mediated coupling sequence. Molecular modeling revealed the contrasting stereochemistry in these systems from differential molecular folding pathways during cyclization. The interplanar separation of the superimposed aromatic rings is approximately 3.5 A.
Light-Initiated Bonding of Amniotic Membrane to Cornea (2011)

A rapid, light-activated technique produces strong, immediate bonding between amnion and cornea and merits further evaluation for ocular surface surgeries.
Ablation Dynamics of Silicon by Femtosecond Laser and the Role of Early Plasma (2013)

In this paper, the femtosecond laser ablation of silicon is investigated by a two-dimensional hydrodynamic model. The ablation depth of the silicon wafer ablated in air at different laser intensities is calculated, and the corresponding experimental measurements are carried out for validation. Two different ablation regimes have been identified by varying the laser fluence. While two-photon absorption dominates in the low fluence regime (&lt;2 J/cm2), electron heat diffusion is a major energy transport mechanism at higher laser fluences (&gt;2 J/cm2). The ablation efficiency first increases with the laser fluence, and reaches the peak value at the laser fluence around 8 J/cm2. It starts to drop when the laser fluence further increases, because of the early plasma absorption of the laser beam energy.
FY06 Engineering Research and Technology Report (2007)

This report summarizes the core research, development, and technology accomplishments in Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's Engineering Directorate for FY2006. These efforts exemplify Engineering's more than 50-year history of developing and applying the technologies needed to support the Laboratory's national security missions. A partner in every major program and project at the Laboratory throughout its existence, Engineering has prepared for this role with a skilled workforce and technical resources developed through both internal and external venues. These accomplishments embody Engineering's mission: ''Enable program success today and ensure the Laboratory's vitality tomorrow''. Engineering's investment in technologies is carried out primarily through two internal programs: the Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) program and the technology base, or ''Tech Base'', program. LDRD is the vehicle for creating technologies and competencies that are cutting-edge, or require discovery-class research to be fully understood. Tech Base is used to prepare those technologies to be more broadly applicable to a variety of Laboratory needs. The term commonly used for Tech Base projects is ''reduction to practice''. Thus, LDRD reports have a strong research emphasis, while Tech Base reports document discipline-oriented, core competency activities. This report combines the LDRD and Tech Base summaries into one volume, organized into six thematic technical areas: Engineering Modeling and Simulation; Measurement Technologies; Micro/Nano-Devices and Structures; Precision Engineering; Engineering Systems for Knowledge and Inference; and Energy Manipulation.
Impact of Terrain Aware Interference Modeling on the Throughput of Cognitive Ka-Band Satellite Systems (2015)

peer reviewed
Post-silicon code coverage for multiprocessor system-on-chip designs (2012)

Effective techniques for post-silicon validation are required to better evaluate functional correctness of increasingly complex multi and many-core SoCs. However, there is little data evaluating the coverage of post-silicon validation efforts on industrial-scale designs. In this paper, we address this knowledge gap by instrumenting a nontrivial SoC with on-chip coverage monitors to measure the coverage achieved by typical post-silicon validation tests, such as booting the operating system (OS). We compare coverage achieved pre and post-silicon, and also measure the area overhead required to monitor post-silicon coverage. Our results show that the typical test of booting the OS often achieves high coverage, well correlated to what is achieved by pre-silicon directed tests, but in some blocks the coverage can be low or markedly different between pre and post-silicon, highlighting the importance of post-silicon validation in general and post-silicon coverage measurement in particular.