gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2-Bit Branch Predictor Modeling Using Markov Model (2015)

Power consumption is a very important issue when it comes to embedded devices, therefore every processing cycle should be optimally utilized and considered. In speculated execution, highly mispredicted branches are considered a critical threat for both time and power saving. In this paper, we show that, for a specific branch, misprediction rate of a 2-bit branch predictor can be precisely calculated using Markov model. Further, this can be done offline for more power saving. Thus, a decision of replacing the branch with conditional (predicated) instructions instead of counting on the predictor can be made.
Fuel cell/battery passive hybrid powertrain with active power sharing capability (2010)

In a passive hybrid topology, the fuel cell is directly electrically coupled to the battery. Although no DC/DC converters are used, it is possible to control the fuel cell power by adjusting its operating pressure, and thus the power sharing between the fuel cell and the battery becomes actively controlled. Using this concept, simulations results show that the power demand of an electric vehicle is fulfilled while sustaining the battery state of charge. By removing the DC/DC converter, the hybrid system becomes simpler, lighter and cheaper.
Investigations of the Electrochemical Stability of Aqueous Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications (2010)

The electrolytic stability windows of several aqueous electrolytes were investigated by a constant current method. The electrode potential range depended upon the value of the imposed current. The magnitude of this behavior varied with the salt solution, its concentration, and pH of the electrolyte. At a leakage current density of 50 μA/cm2, a 5 M solution of LiNO3 had an electrolytic window of 2.3 V, spanning from -0.55 to 1.75 V with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode. These results demonstrate the feasibility of operating lithium batteries at voltages appreciably above the theoretical decomposition voltage of water. © 2010 The Electrochemical Society.
Histone H4 lysine 20 acetylation is associated with gene repression in human cells (2016)

Histone acetylation is generally associated with gene activation and chromatin decondensation. Recent mass spectrometry analysis has revealed that histone H4 lysine 20, a major methylation site, can also be acetylated. To understand the function of H4 lysine 20 acetylation (H4K20ac), we have developed a specific monoclonal antibody and performed ChIP-seq analysis using HeLa-S3 cells. H4K20ac was enriched around the transcription start sites (TSSs) of minimally expressed genes and in the gene body of expressed genes, in contrast to most histone acetylation being enriched around the TSSs of expressed genes. The distribution of H4K20ac showed little correlation with known histone modifications, including histone H3 methylations. A motif search in H4K20ac-enriched sequences, together with transcription factor binding profiles based on ENCODE ChIP-seq data, revealed that most transcription activators are excluded from H4K20ac-enriched genes and a transcription repressor NRSF/REST co-localized with H4K20ac. These results suggest that H4K20ac is a unique acetylation mark associated with gene repression.
Coherent grazing exit x-ray scattering geometry for probing the structure of thin films (2004)

We demonstrate a diffraction geometry which provides strong sensitivity to the microstructure of thin films. While a coherent beam of x rays is being reflected from the surface of the sample, measurements were made of the scattering of the exit beam below the critical angle for total external reflection. This results in a strong signal with speckle modulations that are characteristic of the internal arrangement of grains at different depths within the film.
Enhanced VCSEL performance by optical injection locking for analog and digital applications (2004)

In this paper, we have thoroughly investigated the locking phenomena within the entire locking range and useful injection regimes are identified for communication applications. The enhanced laser performance can be attained in a wide injection parameter space, demonstrating the robustness of this technique. An upper bound of the resonance frequency improvement was found also using rate equation analysis. And a direct measurement on chirp confirms the usefulness of this technique for large signal modulation. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the frequency response enhancement with the injection locking technique. A flat, enhanced S21 can be achieved with a high injection power and large wavelength detuning. This is highly desirable for both analog and digital modulation. Furthermore, the direct chirp measurement of the VCSEL confirms that injection-locking technique can effectively reduce the laser chirp and can be readily applied to digital modulation applications.
Evidence for induced fit in antibody.cntdot.DNA complexes (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEvidence for induced fit in antibody.cntdot.DNA complexesShawn Y. Stevens, Patrick C. Swanson, Edward W. Voss Jr., and Gary D. GlickCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 4, 1585–1586Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00057a059https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00057a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views72Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dye-sensitized nanostructured crystalline mesoporous tin-doped indium oxide films with tunable thickness for photoelectrochemical applications (2013)

A simple route towards nanostructured mesoporous Indium-Tin Oxide (<i>templated nano-ITO</i>) electrodes exhibiting both high conductivities and optimized bicontinuous pore-solid network is reported. The ITO films are first produced as an X-ray-amorphous, high surface area material, by adapting recently established template-directed sol-gel methods using Sn(IV) and In(III) salts. Carefully controlled temperature/atmosphere treatments convert the as-synthesized ITO films into nano-crystalline coatings with the cubic bixbyite structure. Specially, a multi-layered synthesis was successfully undertaken for tuning the film thickness. In order to evaluate the performances of <i>templated nano-ITO</i> as an electrode substrate for photoelectrochemical applications, photoelectrodes were prepared by covalent grafting of a redox-active dye, the complex [Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub>(4,4'-(CH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>-bpy)]Cl<sub>2</sub><b>1</b> (bpy=bipyridine). Surface coverage was shown to increase with the film thickness, from 0.7 × 10<sup>-9</sup> mol.cm<sup>-2</sup> (one layer, 45 nm) to 3.5 × 10<sup>-9</sup> mol.cm<sup>-2</sup> (ten layers, 470 nm), the latter value being ~ 100 times larger than that for commercially available planar ITO. In the presence of an electron mediator, photocurrents up to 50 μA.cm<sup>-2</sup> have been measured under visible light irradiation, demonstrating the potential of this new <i>templated nano-ITO</i> preparation for the construction of efficient photoelectrochemical devices.
Suppression of protein adsorption on a graphene surface by phosphorylcholine functionalization (2019)

Abstract In this study, we examined phosphorylcholine (ChoP)-modified epitaxial graphene film based devices for the suppression of non-specific protein adsorptions onto a graphene surface. ChoP-pyrene derivatives were synthesized and immobilized on epitaxial graphene by the π – π stacking effect. The shifts in the transfer curve by protein adsorption were suppressed for the ChoP-modified graphene device, and this effect was independent of the charge and type of protein. In addition, the suppression effect was stable after 15 min of treatment with ultra-pure water owing to strong interactions of π electrons on the graphene surface. Consequently, our results indicate a stable blocking for protein adsorptions is achieved with an epochal ChoP derivative using robust bonding of a pyrene and a graphene film.
Discharge Chamber Performance of the NEXIS Ion Thruster (2004)

The Nuclear-Electric Xenon Ion System (NEXIS) thruster was designed to produce greater than or equal to 70% efficiency at ISPs in excess of 6500 sec and total power levels in excess of 15 kW. In order to achieve this performance, the thruster requires a large area plasma generator capable of high propellant utilimtion efficiency and low loss while producing a very flat, uniform beam profile. Fortunately, larger thrusters can be made more uniform and efficient due to the higher volume to surface ratio, provided that the magnetic cusp confinement is designed properly and the thruster length to diameter ratio is adequate. This paper describes the chamber performance of the NEXIS Laboratory Model (LM) thruster. The LM chamber is 65 cm in diameter at the grid plane and uses 6 ring-cusps to provide magnetic confinement of the plasma. The thruster was tested with flat carbon-carbon composite grids with the hole pattern masked to 57 cm in diameter and a conventional Type-B 1/2 diameter hollow cathode. During the preliminary discharge only tests, the LM thruster demonstrated profile factors of 0.84 and a loss of about 160 eV/ion at 25 V voltage and over 90% propellant utilization efficiency in simulated beam extraction experiments at 3.9 A of beam current. Analysis of the data from these tests used the discharge-only model developed by Brophy. Subsequent beam extraction experiments validated the key variables used in the model to predict the performance from the discharge-only data, and demonstrated 3.9 A of beam current at over 90% propellant utilization efficiency with a flatness parameter of better than 0.8 and a loss of about 185 eV/ion. The slightly higher loss measured during beam extractions was found to be due to a lower screen transparency in the as-manufactured LM grid set. Plasma measurements with a scanning probe internal to the thruster near the screen grid showed plasma densities over l x 10(exp 11) per cubic centimeter and electron temperatures of 3.5 to 5.5 eV depending on the operation parameters. The performance of the NEXIS chamber contributed to the over 78% thruster efficiency measured during beam extraction at 7500 sec ISP and 25 kW of power, and over 81% thruster efficiency measured at 8500 sec ISP.
A spinal vasopressinergic mechanism mediates hyperosmolality‐induced sympathoexcitation (2006)

An elevation in plasma osmolality elicits a complex neurohumoral response, including an activation of the sympathetic nervous system and an increase in arterial pressure. Using a combination of in vivo and in situ rat preparations, we sought to investigate whether hypothalamic vasopressinergic spinally projecting neurones are activated during increases in plasma osmolality to elicit sympathoexcitation. Hypertonic saline (HS, i.v. bolus), which produced a physiological increase in plasma osmolality to 299 +/- 1 mosmol (kg water)(-1), elicited an immediate increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) (from 101 +/- 1 to 121 +/- 3 mmHg) in vivo. Pre-treatment with prazosin reversed the HS-induced pressor response to a hypotensive response (from 121 +/- 3 to 68 +/- 2 mmHg), indicating significant activation of the sympathetic nervous system. In an in situ arterially perfused decorticate rat preparation, hyperosmotic perfusate consisted of either 135 mm NaCl, or a non-NaCl osmolyte, mannitol (0.5%); both increased lumbar sympathetic nerve activity (LSNA) by 32 +/- 5% (NaCl) and 21 +/- 1% (mannitol), which was attenuated after precollicular transection (7 +/- 3% and 1 +/- 1%, respectively). Remaining experiments used the NaCl hyperosmotic stimulus. In separate preparations the hyperosmotic-induced sympathoexcitation (21 +/- 2%) was also significantly attenuated after transection of the circumventricular organs (2 +/- 1%). Either isoguvacine (a GABA(A) receptor agonist) or kynurenic acid (a non-selective ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist) microinjected bilaterally into the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) attenuated the increase in LSNA induced by the hyperosmotic stimulus (control: 25 +/- 2%; after isoguvacine: 7 +/- 2%; after kynurenic: 8 +/- 3%). Intrathecal injection of a V(1a) receptor antagonist also reduced the increase in LSNA elicited by the hyperosmotic stimulus (control: 29 +/- 6%; after blocker: 4 +/- 1%). These results suggest that a physiological hyperosmotic stimulus produces sympathetically mediated hypertension in conscious rats. These data are substantiated by the in situ decorticate preparation in which sympathoexcitation was also evoked by comparable hyperosmotic stimulation. Our findings demonstrate the importance of vasopressin acting on spinal V(1a) receptors for mediating sympathoexcitatory response to acute salt loading.
MAC performance of IEEE 802.16e (2005)

I n this paper, for the first time ,w e evaluate the impact of different parameters, such as MAC frame size, MAC protocol data unit (PDU) size, and number of connections on MAC performance of IEEE 802.16e. Our results show that contrary to the common belief, frame packing; i.e., aggregating more than one MAC PDU in a single frame, yields minimal improvements for aggregated frame sizes greater than 1500 bytes. Our results also show that if the number of connections increases from 1 to 50 in a non-sectorized cell, MAC efficiency drops by approximately 40%. Since increasing the number of connections implies an increase in the number of information elements (IE); i.e., feedback/control information, one has to find ways to reduce MAC overhead by reducing or combining IEs in an intelligent way.
A 53° twisted‐nematic cell for a color reflective liquid‐crystal display (1999)

Abstract— A 53° twisted‐nematic cell for a color reflective liquid‐crystal display was developed. It has a mirror electrode inside the panel on the TFT substrate, a twisted‐nematic alignment structure, an RGB color filter, a single polarizer, and a light‐control film covering the panel. Its advantages include gray‐scale capability, low driving voltage, and a wide viewing angle. We discuss the Δ n⋅d , the twist angle, and the front‐light control film.
Tuning of threshold voltage in organic field-effect transistors with hydrophobic gate dielectric using monoenergetic low-energy electron beams and triode corona (2009)

We report organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with the hydrophobic gate dielectric exposed to an electron beam before semiconductor deposition, shifting the threshold voltage toward positive gate bias for a p-channel semiconductor. A 1 μm Cytop film was irradiated with defined doses of electron beams with different energies. The charges/polarizations embedded in the dielectric by the irradiation have effective charge densities of ∼10−8 C/cm2. OFETs were completed using 5,5′-bis(4-hexylphenyl)-2,2′-bithiophene as the semiconductor, and showed corresponding shifts in Vth. Other OFETs were made where the gate dielectric was treated with a corona discharge. Both types of devices showed similar shifts in Vth and transfer characteristics. There is no change in mobility of the charge carriers after either charging process. The charges do not contribute to the gate capacitance but induce changes in the onset of capacitance increase caused by accumulation of mobile channel charge during capacitance-voltage experiments in two-terminal metal-insulator-semiconductor-metal configurations.
Torsional nano-resonator: Characterization of a nonlinear hardening behavior and noise analysis (2016)

Mechanical resonators are mainly used for sensing many physical phenomena (temperature, forces, mass…) because of their high frequency stability. We designed an uncooled infrared thermal sensor based on mechanical resonance which is more sensitive than previous mechanical resonators dedicated to IR sensing, especially considering pixel surface. However, to reach resistive bolometer performances, noise of our devices still needs to be improved. In this outlook, a thorough investigation of mechanical behavior has been achieved to understand linear dynamic range limitations. We report for the first time a mixed nonlinear behavior in torsional resonance (up to 10° deflection) and discuss the presence of an unexpected plateau in the Allan deviation (at 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−7</sup> level).
M17: a novel gene expressed in germinal centers (1994)

Germinal centers are histologically distinct structures that form within the draining lymphoid tissues following immunization with T cell-dependent antigens. Here, antigen-specific B cells transform the lymphoid follicle into a site of intense B cell proliferation, differentiation and selection. To understand the molecular basis for these cellular events, we sought to isolate germinal center B cell-specific genes using subtractive cDNA libraries derived from FACS-sorted (CD45R/B220+, IgD-, Thy1.2-) lymph node B cells of immunized mice. A novel gene isolated from this library, designated M17, was found to be transcribed in spleen and, to a lesser extent, bone marrow. Strikingly, only PNA+ (germinal center) but not PNA- splenic B cells express M17. Germinal center-specific expression of M17 was confirmed by staining of histological sections of spleen with an antiserum raised against a glutathione-S-transferase-M17 fusion protein. The M17 gene comprises four exons spanning 13.2 kb, and encodes a 25 kDa cytoplasmic protein of 159 amino acids. Analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed the presence of a possible lipid binding domain and multiple potential phosphorylation sites, including a tyrosine-based activation motif. We speculate that M17 may be a signaling molecule involved in the transduction of signals from the cell surface to the cytoplasm.
Polymer Brushes as Functional, Patterned Surfaces for Nanobiotechnology (2012)

Polymer brushes have many desirable characteristics such as the ability to tether molecules to a substrate or change the properties of a surface. Patterning of polymer films has been an area of great interest due to the broad range of applications including bio-related and medicinal research. Consequently, we have investigated patterning techniques for polymer brushes which allow for two different functionalities on the same surface. This method has been applied to a biosensor device which requires both polymer brushes and a photosensitizer to be polymerized on a patterned gold substrate. Additionally, the nature of patterned polymer brushes as removable thin films was explored. An etching process has enabled us to lift off very thin membranes for further characterization with the potential of using them as Janus membranes for biological applications.
Abstract Syntax Networks for Code Generation and Semantic Parsing (2017)

Tasks like code generation and semantic parsing require mapping unstructured (or partially structured) inputs to well-formed, executable outputs. We introduce abstract syntax networks, a modeling framework for these problems. The outputs are represented as abstract syntax trees (ASTs) and constructed by a decoder with a dynamically-determined modular structure paralleling the structure of the output tree. On the benchmark Hearthstone dataset for code generation, our model obtains 79.2 BLEU and 22.7% exact match accuracy, compared to previous state-of-the-art values of 67.1 and 6.1%. Furthermore, we perform competitively on the Atis, Jobs, and Geo semantic parsing datasets with no task-specific engineering.
Average Case Analysis of Compressive Multichannel Frequency Estimation Using Atomic Norm Minimization (2018)

Compressive multichannel frequency estimation refers to the process of retrieving the frequency profile shared by multiple signals from their compressive samples. A recent approach to this problem relies on atomic norm minimization which exploits joint sparsity among the channels, is solved using convex optimization, and has strong theoretical guarantees. We provide in this paper an average-case analysis for atomic norm minimization by assuming proper randomness on the amplitudes of the frequencies. We show that the sample size per channel required for exact frequency estimation from noiseless samples decreases as the number of channels increases and is on the order of K log K (1+ 1/L log N), where K is the number of frequencies, L is the number of channels, and N is a fixed parameter proportional to the sampling window size and inversely proportional to the desired resolution.
Field Experience with Street Legal Square Baler for Woody Biomass (2011)

We conducted a problem analysis in 2005 to recommend an optimal method for collection, transport, and handling of woody biomass in urban centers, suburban landscapes, and forested areas. The analysis concluded that street-legal biomass balers should replace tow-behind chippers to enable woody biomass to be packaged and handled just like other recyclables. Design and development of an engineering prototype street-legal baler for woody biomass was completed in early 2008. Two years of testing and demonstrations in urban, suburban, and forest settings have produced a wealth of technical and market information that will inform commercialization of woody biomass baling technologies. This paper reports on the results of baling and logistics trials across a range of operating environments and biomass materials.
A Double-Blind, Randomized Trial of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Influenza Vaccine in Adult Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients (2017)

NCT03139565.
The Dihydroquinolizinone Compound RG7834 Inhibits the Polyadenylase Function of PAPD5 and PAPD7 and Accelerates the Degradation of Matured Hepatitis B Virus Surface Protein mRNA (2020)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mRNA metabolism is dependent upon host proteins PAPD5 and PAPD7 (PAPD5/7). PAPD5/7 are cellular, noncanonical, poly(A) polymerases (PAPs) whose main function is to oligoadenylate the 3' end of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) for exosome degradation. HBV seems to exploit these two ncRNA quality-control factors for viral mRNA stabilization, rather than degradation. RG7834 is a small-molecule compound that binds PAPD5/7 and inhibits HBV gene production in both tissue culture and animal study. We reported that RG7834 was able to destabilize multiple HBV mRNA species, ranging from the 3.5-kb pregenomic/precore mRNAs to the 2.4/2.1-kb hepatitis B virus surface protein (HBs) mRNAs, except for the smallest 0.7-kb X protein (HBx) mRNA. Compound-induced HBV mRNA destabilization was initiated by a shortening of the poly(A) tail, followed by an accelerated degradation process in both the nucleus and cytoplasm. In cells expressing HBV mRNA, both PAPD5/7 were found to be physically associated with the viral RNA, and the polyadenylating activities of PAPD5/7 were susceptible to RG7834 repression in a biochemical assay. Moreover, in PAPD5/7 double-knockout cells, viral transcripts with a regular length of the poly(A) sequence could be initially synthesized but became shortened in hours, suggesting that participation of PAPD5/7 in RNA 3' end processing, either during adenosine oligomerization or afterward, is crucial for RNA stabilization.