gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>High-resistivity and conductive gallium arsenide for IR optical components</title> (1992)

Infrared (IR) windows and domes for use with electro-optic (EO) systems operating in the 8- to 12-micrometer region are currently fabricated from the following limited number of materials: germanium (Ge), zinc sulfide (ZnS), and a zinc selenide (ZnSe) sandwich. A multiyear development effort at Texas Instruments (TI) has been produced another such material: gallium arsenide (GaAs). A novel crystal growth process has been developed that allows for economical growth of either high-resistivity (10<SUP>7</SUP> ohm-cm) or conductive [&gt; 1 (ohm-cm)<SUP>-1</SUP>] GaAs crystals of various thicknesses in sizes up to 12 by 12 inches. This unique growth process permits production of GaAs, which is highly uniform or has a tailored electrical conductivity. With high IR transparency from approximately 1 to 14 micrometers, the high resistivity and conductive GaAs remain operationally useful to 400 degree(s) and 200 degree(s)C, respectively. The low resistivities allow for effective electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding of 60 dB or more in the gigahertz region in highly transmissive IR windows made of this conductive GaAs. Besides fabrication of traditional precision optical components like lenses and prisms, TI has developed precision fabrication techniques for domes, windows, and segmented windows made of GaAs. These same techniques have also been designed to lower the mean size and distribution of the traditional optical component fabrication flaws, thereby increasing the strength and Weibull modulus of GaAs to 19.1 Kpsi and 4.7, respectively. These high strengths and the corresponding survival probabilities are comparable to those of chemical vapor deposition grown ZnS. TI has also developed techniques to further toughen GaAs, specifically for window and dome applications, in terms of increased strength through increasing the critical stress intensity factor (K<SUB>IC</SUB>) by changing the GaAs microstructure. Toughening in terms of impact resistance to rain during aerodynamic flight has also been developed by means of a protective coating. Antireflective coatings for surface-impedance matching have also been developed. This paper describes the properties of these various GaAs technologies.
Functional Demonstration of a Fully Integrated Magneto-Electric Spin-Orbit Device (2021)

We present the first experimental realization of a magnetoelectric spin-orbit (MESO) logic device at room temperature. Two logic states are determined by the magnetization direction of a nanostructured CoFe element, which is switched by a magnetoelectric BiFeO3 layer (WRITE) and detected through spin-to-charge conversion effect in a Pt element (READ).
Pattern classification of kinematic and kinetic running data to distinguish gender, shod/barefoot and injury groups with feature ranking (2011)

The identification of differences between groups is often important in biomechanics. This paper presents group classification tasks using kinetic and kinematic data from a prospective running injury study. Groups composed of gender, of shod/barefoot running and of runners who developed patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) during the study, and asymptotic runners were classified. The features computed from the biomechanical data were deliberately chosen to be generic. Therefore, they were suited for different biomechanical measurements and classification tasks without adaptation to the input signals. Feature ranking was applied to reveal the relevance of each feature to the classification task. Data from 80 runners were analysed for gender and shod/barefoot classification, while 12 runners were investigated in the injury classification task. Gender groups could be differentiated with 84.7%, shod/barefoot running with 98.3%, and PFPS with 100% classification rate. For the latter group, one single variable could be identified that alone allowed discrimination.
Poly(D,L-lactide)/hydroxyapatite composite tissue engineering scaffolds prepared by stereolithography (2009)

Hydroxyapatite (HAP) is a major component of bone and has osteoconductive and -inductive properties. It has been successfully applied as a substrate in bone tissue engineering, either with or without a biodegradable polymer such as polycaprolactone or polylactide. Recently, we have developed a stereolithography resin based on poly(D,L-lactide) (PDLLA) and a non-reactive diluent, that allows for the preparation of tissue engineering scaffolds with designed architectures. In this work, designed porous composite structures of PDLLA and HAP are prepared by stereolithography.
Study of Mechanisms for the Electro-Oxidation of Coal (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Mitochondria at the Synapse (2006)

Synapses are packed with mitochondria, complex organelles with roles in energy metabolism, cell signaling, and calcium homeostasis. However, the precise mechanisms by which mitochondria influence neurotrans mission remain undefined. In this review, the authors discuss pharmacological and genetic analyses of synaptic mitochondrial function, focusing on their role in Ca2+ buffering and ATP production. Additionally, they will summarize recent data that implicate synaptic mitochondria in the regulation of neurotransmitter release during intense neuronal activity and link these findings to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases that feature disrupted synaptic mitochondria, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Aromatic Solvent Specific Induced Arrays of Calix[5]arenes (2009)

Calix[5]arene forms three inclusion complexes with benzene, which have been structurally authenticated and studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis. Two of them are 1:1 polymorphs (α and β), both with the calix[5]arenes packed in a back-to-back style arrangement. In the α polymorph, three 1:1 supermolecules, [calix[5]arene∩benzene], cooperate in creating a large cavity containing three solvent molecules. In the β polymorph, the calix[5]arenes alternate in an up and down orientation, resulting in a less dense arrangement. The other inclusion complex is 1:2 ([calix[5]arene∩benzene]·benzene) which has a benzene molecule endo and exo relative to the calix[5]arene cavity. Hirshfeld surface analyses are effective in differentiating the intermolecular contacts between this structure and the α and β polymorphs, both for the calix[5]arene and the included benzene guest molecules.
Yoga in addition to standard care for patients with haematological malignancies (2014)

The currently available data provide little information about the effectiveness of yoga interventions for people suffering from haematological malignancies. The finding that yoga may be beneficial for the patients' quality of sleep is based on a very small body of evidence. Therefore, the role of yoga as an additional therapy for haematological malignancies remains unclear. Further high-quality randomised controlled trials with larger numbers of participants are needed to make a definitive statement.
Game Changing Cementless Annular Isolation Improving Economical Returns in Deep Water Wells (2021)

Abstract This paper will discuss a game-changing and innovative technology that enabled cementless annular isolation (liner to borehole) across the reservoir, removing the risk of previous experienced cost and time overrun from complex cement operations and securing the full economical return on the wells. The technology has been deployed in four Moho North Albian wells, drilled through a complex reservoir with highly laminated lithology requiring efficient zonal isolation for both acid treatment and water shut off. During the earlier field development, many cementing challenges were encountered that increased risk and cost and the ability to deliver effective isolation across the reservoir. Poor isolation leads to poor matrix acid stimulation, higher skin and a higher risk of water production. To address this the operator sponsored an industry challenge to achieve reservoir isolation with cost and risk reduction and to deliver overall efficiency gains. Through dialogue between the Operator and a leading service provider in Open Hole Zonal Isolation, a solution was identified that would effectively replace the cement across the reservoir with a metal expandable annular sealing system. Time for delivery was a key driver to meet the drilling schedule and materialize the cost and risk reductions on the remaining wells. A scope of work was completed that included extensive qualification, manufacture and field deployment. The solution has proven to deliver benefits that address several fundamental aspects which were associated with the cemented liners: Substantial reduction in risk and cost associated with drilling the extended rat hole (shoe track) into the highly pressurized water zone (+/- 100mMD)Removed the risk and cost for the additional run to under ream the 6 ½″ hole to 7 ¼″ (low-ROP)Provided more certainty for zonal isolation whilst delivering effective acid stimulation and maintaining the low skin values. The technology has many different applications within wells where conventional cement is challenged beyond its capabilities and inherently not fit for purpose, due to factors such as well trajectory, hole geometry, reservoir uncertainty, downhole environment (pressure, Temp, ECD) etc. Within these environments, the technology developed for Moho North adds a proven solution to the Operators toolbox, a technology that is already finding alternate applications and planned deployments.
Attosecond tracing of correlated electron-emission in non-sequential double ionization (2012)

Despite their broad implications for phenomena such as molecular bonding or chemical reactions, our knowledge of multi-electron dynamics is limited and their theoretical modelling remains a most difficult task. From the experimental side, it is highly desirable to study the dynamical evolution and interaction of the electrons over the relevant timescales, which extend into the attosecond regime. Here we use near-single-cycle laser pulses with well-defined electric field evolution to confine the double ionization of argon atoms to a single laser cycle. The measured two-electron momentum spectra, which substantially differ from spectra recorded in all previous experiments using longer pulses, allow us to trace the correlated emission of the two electrons on sub-femtosecond timescales. The experimental results, which are discussed in terms of a semiclassical model, provide strong constraints for the development of theories and lead us to revise common assumptions about the mechanism that governs double ionization.
Preparations and properties of uniform size macroporous polymer beads prepared by two-step swelling and polymerization method utilizing divinyl succinate or divinyl adipate as a crosslinking agent (1996)

Uniform size macroporous polymer beads were prepared through a typical two-step swelling and polymerization method utilizing divinyl succinate or divinyl adipate as well as ethylene dimethacrylate as crosslinking agents. Stable macroporous polymer beads with good size monodispersity and a slightly nonspherical shape were obtained by homopolymerization of divinyl succinate in cyclohexanol as porogen. BET measurements indicated that the beads prepared by homopolymerization of divinyl succinate and copolymerization of divinyl succinate with vinyl p-tert-butylbenzoate, as well as homopolymerization of ethylene dimethacrylate had relatively large specific surface area. In contrast, copolymerization of divinyl succinate with methyl methacrylate afforded beads having a very small specific surface area. Similarly, all the beads prepared using divinyl adipate had very small specific surface area, while size exclusion chromatography in tetrahydrofuran suggested that these beads acquired a porous structure as a result of swelling. When used as packing materials for high-performance liquid chromatography, the beads prepared with divinyl adipate showed unexpected molecular recognition toward flat solutes in reversed phase liquid chromatography in contrast to those prepared with ethylene dimethacrylate. Copolymerizations with methyl methacrylate led to a decrease in molecular recognition, while those with vinyl p-tert-butylbenzoate enhanced the selectivity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mass spectrometry‐based characterization of the vitreous phosphoproteome (2010)

we present a method for characterization of phosphoproteome from vitreous samples using current MS technologies and yielded an initial assessment of the phosphoprotein/peptide content of human vitreous, thus providing important biological information toward further understanding of the post-translational modifications of vitreous proteins and their functional significance in disease.
Personality trait inferences from three-dimensional body shapes (2018)

People readily infer personality traits from physical appearance. These judgments can be consequential in various settings, ranging from job applications to judicial settings. Trait inferences from the face have been studied primarily. Here we investigated whether people infer personalities from body shapes. We synthesized 140 (70 female; 70 male) three-dimensional bodies, using the Skinned Multi-Person Linear Model (Loper et al., 2015). In this model, each body is represented as a set of coefficients in a PCA space derived from laser scans of over 1700 real bodies. Participants rated each body on 30 social traits. These traits consisted of positive and negative items from the Big Five Factors of Personality (e.g., conscientiousness: self-disciplined +, lazy -) (Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann, 2003). First, we visualized the structure of the multivariate body-trait space separately for male and female bodies. The main axes captured the valence (good/bad) and agency (active/passive) of the traits. Positive and negative traits within each Big Five domain were contrasted along the main diagonals and main axes of the space. Second, we predicted trait ratings from body shape coefficients using multiple linear regression with cross-validation. Global trait profiles were predicted accurately from body coefficients (p < .0001), as was a subset of individual traits (16 for males, 15 for females; Bonferroni corrected α = .002). Predictions were most accurate for traits related to extraversion (e.g., enthusiastic, dominant, quiet), conscientiousness (e.g., self-disciplined, disorganized, lazy), and to a lesser extent, openness (e.g., curious, intelligent). Third, we visualized bodies that typified individual traits. This visualization indicated that body weight relates to trait valence and gender-specific shaping (e.g., female, pear-shaped/rectangular; male, wide-shoulder/rectangular) relates to trait agency. The present study takes a first step towards understanding the range, diversity, and reliability of personality inferences made from body shapes. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2018
Lithiation induced corrosive fracture in defective carbon nanotubes (2013)

We perform molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate lithiation induced fracture mechanisms of defective single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). Our simulations reveal that variations of defect size and lithium concentration set two distinct fracture modes of the SWCNTs upon uniaxial stretch: abrupt and retarded fracture. Abrupt fracture either involves spontaneous lithium weakening of the propagating crack tip or is absent of lithium participation, while retarded fracture features a “wait-and-go” crack extension process in which the crack tip periodically arrests and waits to be weakened by diffusing lithium before extension resumes. Our study sheds light on the rational design of high-performance CNT-based electrodes.
Determination of the substitution pattern of di‐ and trisubstituted pyrazines by 15 N, 13 C and 1 H NMR spectroscopy (2000)

The substitution pattern of di- and trisubstituted pyrazines can be elucidated by a combination of NMR methods, especially in mixtures by gradient selected 1H,15N HMBC experiments at the natural abundance level. In the case of disubstituted pyrazines, it allows one to distinguish between 2,3-/2,5- and 2,6-disubstituted isomers. Another advantage is the determination of 15N NMR chemical shifts including the assignments even at relatively low concentrations. The reliability of this method was verified by experimental data resulting from 1H NMR and long-range heteronuclear correlation experiments such as FLOCK and 1H,13C HMBC experiments. Carbon–carbon coupling constants derived from INADEQUATE experiments were taken into account as additional tests. Thirty-one commercially available di- and trisubstituted pyrazines were measured in order to identify their substitution patterns and to obtain chemical shift information. As a result, fully assigned 1H, 13C and 15N NMR data of these pyrazines are reported. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Role of the Prostaglandin EP4Receptor in the Regulation of Human Outflow Facility (2011)

Activation of PG-EP(4) receptors expressed by SC cells of the human conventional outflow pathway appears to contribute to PG regulation of outflow facility.
ChemInform Abstract: PHENYLDIAZENES FROM PHENYL DIAZONIUM FLUOBORATE AND CARBANIONS (1980)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung der Grignard‐Verbindungen (I) mit dem Diazoniumsalz (II) werden die Diazene (III) erhalten.
Fibronectin is produced by human macrophages. (1980)

Monocyte-enriched cultures were prepared from human blood mononuclear leukocytes by adherence to growth substratum. Synthesis and secretion of fibronectin was detected in these cultures concomitantly with morphological differentiation, starting on day 3--5. Production of fibronectin by macrophages was documented by metabolic labeling followed by immunoprecipitation and gel electrophoresis, radioimmunoassay specific for human fibronectin, and by indirect immunofluorescence. Fibronectin was detected mainly intracellularly but was also detected pericellularly only in minute amounts. No production of collagenous proteins was seen in these cultures. Macrophage fibronectin might act in vivo as a nonspecific opsonin and promote cell adhesion during macrophage migration in tissues.
New Chiral Brominating and Chlorinating Agents (1993)

Abstract Acetylhypobromite and tert-butylhypochlorite are the reagents of choice to synthesize new chiral N-bromo and N-chloro carbamates, amides, imides and oxazolidinones.
MakerSat: A CubeSat Designed for In-Space Assembly (2017)

Two teams of Northwest Nazarene University (NNU) undergraduate engineering students have been nationally selected to design and fly two CubeSat research missions in orbit around the Earth. MakerSat is a technology proof-of-concept mission that will demonstrate microgravity additive manufacturing, assembly, and deployment of a CubeSat, from the International Space Station (ISS) in collaboration with Made In Space, Inc. The 1U satellite will measure the mass loss of several additively-manufactured polymers as they experience monoatomic oxygen radicals, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, ionizing radiation, and outgassing. MakerSat is also a multi-project/school satellite supporting up to four different science team experiments. A Caldwell High School engineering team is designing an experiment to fly together with NNU’s.
Business Model innovation of FMCG Independent Wholesale Industry focused on increasing profitability. (2015)

There is currently a lack of consensus or just lack in the literature with respect to business models and business model innovation of the independent wholesale business. As the economic pressures increase on the bottom line of independent wholesalers, it can be argued that more independent wholesalers will shift their focus towards profitability. This may result in key activity changes in their current business model that will cater for the end consumer and they will need to adapt their business model to increase its value perception and effectiveness in order to attract a different customer base to increase profitability. The research objective was to identify key activities innovation of the independent wholesale industry business model when increasing focus on profitability. The focus of the research is on the current practices of independent wholesale space. It aimed to test if business model innovation has taken place and the concept that a business model is an interconnection of key activities within a system that works together to achieve a common goal, in this case to increase profitability. Research was conducted across a purposive sample method which consisted of a group of independent wholesalers. Semi structured interview questionnaires were discussed with all participants sampled for this study. This questionnaire was structured to categorize the perception of the participants across all nine building blocks of Osterwalder’s business model canvas. The collected data was subject to focused coding and descriptive category analyses for conclusions to be drawn. Overwhelming evidence exists, that there has been an ultimate shift within the focus of the customer segment in the independent wholesale industry. When analysing the transcripts and aligning it with the nine building block business model canvas of Osterwalder, the block of customer segment is identified as the block where the independent has made a cognitive focused decision to innovate, based on the pressures of the economy and the dynamics of the competition. The customer segment focus has shifted from pure or predominately wholesale, to moderate or predominately retail. This active decision has had an impact on innovation taking place with the other building blocks of the business model canvas. Key word: independent wholesale, business model, reference model, business model innovation, informal trader. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
Selenoprotein R is a zinc-containing stereo-specific methionine sulfoxide reductase (2002)

Selenoprotein R (SelR) is a mammalian selenocysteine-containing protein with no known function. Here we report that cysteine homologs of SelR are present in all organisms except certain parasites and hyperthermophiles, and this pattern of occurrence closely matches that of only one protein, peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase (MsrA). Moreover, in several genomes, SelR and MsrA genes are fused or clustered, and their expression patterns suggest a role of both proteins in protection against oxidative stress. Consistent with these computational screens, growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae SelR and MsrA mutant strains was inhibited, and the strain lacking both genes could not grow, in the presence of H2O2 and methionine sulfoxide. We found that the cysteine mutant of mouse SelR, as well as the Drosophila SelR homolog, contained zinc and reduced methionine-R-sulfoxide, but not methionine-S-sulfoxide, in in vitro assays, a function that is both distinct and complementary to the stereo-specific activity of MsrA. These findings identify a function of the conserved SelR enzyme family, define a pathway of methionine sulfoxide reduction, reveal a case of convergent evolution of similar function in structurally distinct enzymes, and suggest a previously uncharacterized redox regulatory role of selenium in mammals.
Effects of Physical Activity and Body Composition on Functional Limitation in the Elderly (2004)

Marginal structural models provide a means to address time-dependent confounding, which can occur in longitudinal studies. These analyses indicate that leisure time physical activity exerts its beneficial effects through reductions in fat mass relative to lean body mass.
Outcomes of Observation vs Stereotactic Ablative Radiation for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer (2020)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02680587.