gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid quantum well/quantum dot structures for broad spectral bandwidth devices (2012)

In this paper we report a hybrid quantum well (QW) and quantum dot (QD) structure to achieve a broad spontaneous emission and gain spectra. A single quantum well is introduced into a multi-layer stack of quantum dots, spectrally positioned to cancel the losses due to the second excited state of the dots. Attributed to the combined effect of QW and QDs, we show room temperature spontaneous emission with a 3dB bandwidth of ~250 nm and modal gain spanning over ~300 nm. We describe how this is achieved by careful design of the structure, balancing thermal emission from the QW and transport/capture processes in the QDs. We will also compare results from a QD-only epitaxial structure to describe how broadband gain/emission can be achieved in this new type of structure.
Hybrid-Type InGaAlP/GaAs Distributed Bragg Reflectors for InGaAlP Light-Emitting Diodes (1994)

Hybrid-type distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) with InAlP/GaAs and InAlP/InGaAlP multilayers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) have been investigated. The structure of the DBRs was designed using a theoretical calculations considering the absorption loss and refractive index of each stacked layer. The wide-band, high-reflectivity characteristics were also experimentally confirmed. Good electrical conductivity through InGaAlP light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with the hybrid-type DBRs was obtained in spite of the many interface needed for the multiple layers of the DBRs. A luminous intensity of 0.8 cd was obtained at 565.7 nm (nearly pure green light).
Analysis of the Emerging AOMedia AV1 Video Coding Format for OTT Use-Cases (2018)

To achieve improved quality of service and efficiencies with higher resolution, high dynamic range, and wide color gamut in online media delivery, there is a need for advanced video compression standards. Alliance for Open Media (AOM), a joint development foundation, is targeting AOMedia Video 1 (AV1) as a royalty-free video coding format that is likely to be finalized before the end of 2017. Built on top of Google’s VP9 codec, AV1 has brought in new coding tools from other open source royalty-free codecs. Multiple new royalty-free coding tools have been contributed by the members of AOM. In this paper, we provide an analysis of the coding gains offered by the default and experimental tools in AV1 and the corresponding decoding complexity increase for the over-the-top adaptive bit-rate streaming delivery use-cases. Also, the coding gains are compared against the compression performance of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 264, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times$ </tex-math></inline-formula> 265, and libVP9 open-source codecs to highlight the potential bit savings possible with AV1 using multiple video quality metrics such as peak signal-to-noise ratio, structure similarity, and Netflix’s Video Multi-Assessment Fusion metric. These results indicate that AV1 offers competitive compression performance over H.265 without significantly increasing the decoding complexity.
DWPF Glass Air‐Lift Pump Life Cycle Testing and Plant Implementation (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Life Cycle Test Description Short Term Slurry Feeding Evaluation Post Test Nondestructive and Destructive Examinations Implementation of Air-Lift Pump in DWPF Conclusions
Positron emission tomography imaging of novel AAV capsids maps rapid brain accumulation (2020)

Adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are typically single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) encapsulated within 25-nm protein capsids. Recently, tissue-specific AAV capsids (e.g. PHP.eB) have been shown to enhance brain delivery in rodents via the LY6A receptor on brain endothelial cells. Here, we create a non-invasive positron emission tomography (PET) methodology to track viruses. To provide the sensitivity required to track AAVs injected at picomolar levels, a unique multichelator construct labeled with a positron emitter (Cu-64, t<sub>1/2</sub> = 12.7 h) is coupled to the viral capsid. We find that brain accumulation of the PHP.eB capsid 1) exceeds that reported in any previous PET study of brain uptake of targeted therapies and 2) is correlated with optical reporter gene transduction of the brain. The PHP.eB capsid brain endothelial receptor affinity is nearly 20-fold greater than that of AAV9. The results suggest that novel PET imaging techniques can be applied to inform and optimize capsid design.
A linear programming approach to distribution Power Flow (2017)

The modern Distribution Systems (DS) require for accurate and fast Power Flow (PF) algorithms as a basis for other DS applications. Almost all decisions are taken based on accurate PF results and, possibly, they have to be taken in real time. In this paper, a new PF algorithm based on a linear programming approach is proposed. The graph theory is used for modeling the distribution network with some topological matrices. The proposed matrices are then utilized to develop a linear optimization model in rectangular form for PF in DS. Moreover, a linear load model is used for calculating the current injections in each system bus. This leads the PF equations to be linear with acceptable accuracy. In the paper the proposed PF algorithm is implemented on IEEE 18-bus and 33-bus test systems. The results show the accuracy and the performance of the proposed PF model compared to existing models. Since the optimization model is linear, the solution is global optimum. It facilitates the application of the accurate PF results in real-time optimization of DS.
<title>Digital Video Simulation</title> (1980)

A real-time digital image simulation facility is described. The facility is memory centered with a large random access memory combined with a pair of 300 megabyte parallel transfer disk drives. The recording rate for the facility will be from DC to 240 megabits/sec. The facility is designed to accept as input a variety of digitized video signals including those from a high speed laser scanner system. A comparison of computer-centered versus memory-centered image processing systems is made. Input from a laser film scanning system and output to a laser printing system is illustrated.
A phonological exploration of oral reading errors (1981)

ABSTRACT Younger readers, mean age 6;11, and older readers, mean age 8;7, matched on IQ and SES, read 18 consonant phonemes embedded in nonsense CVCs. Results indicated that (a) within groups, younger readers made significantly more errors on digraphs than graphs; (b) younger readers made significantly more errors on graphs in the final position; (c) there was no position effect for either group in reading digraphs. Analysis of errors based on the number of distinctive features shared within stimulus-response pairs revealed that (a) on graphs, both groups made significantly more errors that shared two distinctive features; (b) on digraphs, the majority of errors for younger readers shared one distinctive feature; (c) the predominant strategy on digraphs for both groups was to read one letter. These findings demonstrate that most oral reading errors produced by beginning readers are not random, but rather are systematically related to the stimulus.
miR-122 is more than a shield for the hepatitis C virus genome (2013)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Path Loss Modeling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communications (2010)

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications have received increasing attention lately, but there is a lack of reported results regarding important quantities such as path loss. This paper presents parameterized path loss models for V2V communications based on extensive sets of measurement data collected mainly under line-of-sight conditions in four different propagation environments: highway, rural, urban, and suburban. The results show that the path loss exponent is low for V2V communications, i.e., path loss slowly increases with increasing distance. We compare our results to those previously reported and find that, while they confirm some of the earlier work, there are also differences that motivate the need for further studies.
Discovering aspects of online consumer reviews (2015)

In this paper we propose a fully unsupervised approach for product aspect discovery in on-line consumer reviews. We apply a two-step hierarchical clustering process in which we first cluster words representing aspects based on the semantic similarity of their contexts and then on the similarity of the hypernyms of the cluster members. Our approach also includes a method for assigning class labels to each of the clusters. We evaluated our methods on large datasets of restaurant and camera reviews and found that the two-step clustering process performed better than a single-step clustering process at identifying aspects and words refering to aspects. Finally, we compare our method to a state-of-the-art topic modelling approach by Titov and McDonald, and demonstrate better results on both datasets.
Chemical Strategies of Design Textured Materials: From Microporous and Mesoporous Oxides to Nanonetworks and Hierarchichal Structures (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
25-Gbaud 4-WDM Free-Space Optical Communication Using High-Speed 2-D Photodetector Array (2018)

We present a newly developed two-dimensional photodetector array (2D-PDA) device and its application for short-range free-space optical (FSO) communication using a wavelength-division multiplexed beam. The 2D-PDA enables direct optical coupling to the FSO beam, simplifying the optical alignment process needed for 10-μm single-mode fiber coupling and reducing the need for beam-tracking function. In the wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) FSO communication demonstration, a four-wavelength 25-Gbaud parallel beam filtered by a 4-WDM filter through free space was successfully received by 4-pixels in the 2D-PDA. This paper discusses the design and fabrication in the 2D-PDA device, as well as the FSO communication demonstration using four combined WDM filters.
BusyBee Web: metagenomic data analysis by bootstrapped supervised binning and annotation (2017)

Metagenomics-based studies of mixed microbial communities are impacting biotechnology, life sciences and medicine. Computational binning of metagenomic data is a powerful approach for the culture-independent recovery of population-resolved genomic sequences, i.e. from individual or closely related, constituent microorganisms. Existing binning solutions often require a priori characterized reference genomes and/or dedicated compute resources. Extending currently available reference-independent binning tools, we developed the BusyBee Web server for the automated deconvolution of metagenomic data into population-level genomic bins using assembled contigs (Illumina) or long reads (Pacific Biosciences, Oxford Nanopore Technologies). A reversible compression step as well as bootstrapped supervised binning enable quick turnaround times. The binning results are represented in interactive 2D scatterplots. Moreover, bin quality estimates, taxonomic annotations and annotations of antibiotic resistance genes are computed and visualized. Ground truth-based benchmarks of BusyBee Web demonstrate comparably high performance to state-of-the-art binning solutions for assembled contigs and markedly improved performance for long reads (median F1 scores: 70.02-95.21%). Furthermore, the applicability to real-world metagenomic datasets is shown. In conclusion, our reference-independent approach automatically bins assembled contigs or long reads, exhibits high sensitivity and precision, enables intuitive inspection of the results, and only requires FASTA-formatted input. The web-based application is freely accessible at: https://ccb-microbe.cs.uni-saarland.de/busybee.
Dibenzothiophene/Terpyridine Conjugated Asymmetric Electron-Transporters for High-efficiency and Long-life Green Phosphorescent OLEDs (2021)

A series of dibenzothiophene/terpyridine conjugated asymmetric electron-transporters named snTPys (n = 2, 3, 4) were developed. A green phosphorescent OLED with snTPy as an electron-transporter exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 24% at 1000 cd m−2 with a long operation lifetime at 50% of the initial luminance of 19,000 hrs at 1000 cd m−2. A novel series of dibenzothiophene/terpyridine conjugated asymmetric electron transporters was developed. A green phosphorescent OLED exhibited an external quantum efficiency of 24% at 1000 cd m−2 with a long operation lifetime at 50% of the initial luminance (LT50) of 19000 h at 1000 cd m−2.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Nondependent Pacemaker Patients with Pacemakers and Defibrillators with a Nearly Depleted Battery (2017)

Patients with pacemakers and ICDs with a nearly depleted battery can safely undergo MRI when patients are not pacemaker dependent. Attention should be paid because old devices can result in PoR or ERI during MRI, which may lead to oversensing and inhibition of pacing.
Multiple Testing Methods For ChIP–Chip High Density Oligonucleotide Array Data (2006)

Cawley et al. (2004) have recently mapped the locations of binding sites for three transcription factors along human chromosomes 21 and 22 using ChIP-Chip experiments. ChIP-Chip experiments are a new approach to the genomewide identification of transcription factor binding sites and consist of chromatin (Ch) immunoprecipitation (IP) of transcription factor-bound genomic DNA followed by high density oligonucleotide hybridization (Chip) of the IP-enriched DNA. We investigate the ChIP-Chip data structure and propose methods for inferring the location of transcription factor binding sites from these data. The proposed methods involve testing for each probe whether it is part of a bound sequence using a scan statistic that takes into account the spatial structure of the data. Different multiple testing procedures are considered for controlling the familywise error rate and false discovery rate. A nested-Bonferroni adjustment, which is more powerful than the traditional Bonferroni adjustment when the test statistics are dependent, is discussed. Simulation studies show that taking into account the spatial structure of the data substantially improves the sensitivity of the multiple testing procedures. Application of the proposed methods to ChIP-Chip data for transcription factor p53 identified many potential target binding regions along human chromosomes 21 and 22. Among these identified regions, 18% fall within a 3 kb vicinity of the 5'UTR of a known gene or CpG island and 31% fall between the codon start site and the codon end site of a known gene but not inside an exon. More than half of these potential target sequences contain the p53 consensus binding site or very close matches to it. Moreover, these target segments include the 13 experimentally verified p53 binding regions of Cawley et al. (2004), as well as 49 additional regions that show higher hybridization signal than these 13 experimentally verified regions.
New Approaches to Nanofabrication: Molding, Printing, and Other Techniques (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
TU‐C‐M100F‐02: Quantification of Global Changes in Normal Appearing Brain Tissue of Cerebral Tumor Patients During Early‐Delayed Phase After Radiation Therapy (2007)

Purpose: Radiation therapy (RT) affects the central nervous system manifesting in neurological complications. The aim was to quantitatively assess early‐delayed changes in normal‐appearing brain tissue (NAT) ensuing RT using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We hypothesize that there are diffuse changes in NAT with degradation in structural integrity due to radiation. Methods: Twenty‐five patients with cerebral tumor (17 men, 8 women, median age 60 years) participated in IRB approved clinical MRI studies. Temporal changes in NAT were studied pre‐RT, 3‐ and 6‐weeks during RT, and post RT at ten‐, and 19‐weeks from start of RT. RT doses ranged from 50 to 81Gy. The DTI indices of fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity 〈D〉, eigen‐diffusivities parallel (λ ∥ ) and perpendicular (λ ⊥ ) to axonal fibers, of water diffusion were calculated on a voxel‐by‐voxel basis from DTI. Normal brain tissue, excluding tumor and cerbero‐spinal‐fluid was categorized into two volumes of interest, either ipsilateral or contralateral to tumor hemisphere. Temporal changes in DTI indices were expressed as percentages. For example, percent change in FA during third week of RT is expressed as = 100*[(FA t=3week − FA t=Pre‐RT )/ FA t=Pre‐RT ]. Results: There were significant changes in DTI indices after completion of RT in both the ipsilateral and contralateral NAT. Post RT at 19‐weeks, there was 10% increase in λ ∥ , 15% increase in λ ⊥ , 13% increase in 〈D〉, and 13% decrease in FA. The λ ⊥ increase was 1.5 times that of λ ∥ . Magnitude of change was higher in ipsilateral compared to contralateral, with ipsilateral changes assuming significance earlier. However, contralateral changes tended to approach those of ipsilateral at 19‐weeks. Conclusions: Significant and gradual increases in eigen‐diffusivities indicate degradation of structural integrity. Changes in ipsilateral and contralateral hemispheres during and post RT signify diffuse bilateral structural degradation. Spatio‐temporal radioresponses noted herein emphasize minimizing dose to critical CNS structures and pathways.
Pseudo-random vector compaction for sequential testability (2002)

In this paper, a pseudo-random vector compaction technique for sequential circuits is presented. This technique is based on sequential testability measures and the iterative model. The optimum number of circuit duplications is deduced from the testability analysis. The pseudo random vector compaction consists of conserving the vectors that detect faults and the n-1 previous vectors, where n is the optimum number of circuit duplications. The results indicate that fault coverage produced by 200000 pseudo-random vectors is exactly reproduced by a small set of vectors which do not exceed 1000 vectors for almost all the benchmark circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
PCB current identification based on near-field measurements using preconditioning and regularization (2016)

Abstract. Radiated electromagnetic fields from a PCB can be estimated when the source current distribution is known. From a measured near-field distribution, the PCB source current distribution can be found. Accuracy depends on the measurement method and its limitations, the radiation model and the choice of the observation area. Many known methods are based on optimization algorithms for inverse problems that vary a set of elementary radiation sources and create a radiation model. However, apart from the time-consuming optimization process, such methods find one possible solution for a near-field distribution. As this distribution might not reflect the real current distribution, accuracy outside of near-field scan area can be low. Furthermore numerical problems can often be observed. Solving the given inverse problem with a system of linear equations and complex near-field data it can be very sensitive to noise. Regularization methods and an adjusted preconditioning can increase the accuracy. In this paper, an improved radiation model creation approach based on complex near-field data is presented. This approach is based on regularization methods and extended by current estimations from near-field data. Preconditioning is done considering some physical properties of the PCB and its possible current paths. Accuracy and stability of the method are investigated in the presence of noisy data.
Stenting in Severe Chronic Pancreatitis: Results of Medium-Term Follow-Up in Seventy-Six Patients (1991)

Between January 1985 and September 1989, 75 patients presenting with severe chronic pancreatitis with distal stricture and upstream dilatation underwent stenting of the main pancreatic duct (MPD) through the major papilla (n = 54) or minor papilla (n = 21) in order to drain the predominant duct through a 10 F plastic prosthesis. All patients had undergone biliary and pancreatic sphincterotomy with a few cases of complications, and the majority (84%) also ESWL in the period from October 1987 onwards without complications. Relief of pain (94%) occurred parallel to a decrease in the MPD diameter. In a mean follow-up period of 37 months improvement of the nutrition status and relief of pain was seen. Clogging of these large plastic stents was treated by replacement or by another endoscopic or surgical procedure. Complications were treated endoscopically. Further measures necessary due to failure of stenting consisted of laterolateral pancreatico-jejunostomy in 15% of patients and placement of self-expanding 18 F metal mesh stents in 29%. There was no mortality due to surgery. It is concluded that stenting of distal strictures in the MPD can lead to rapid resolution of pancreatic pain due to ductal hypertension and is the best means for determining the cause of pain, providing an alternative to surgery. Significant improvement of a stricture by prolonged stenting is however unusual, and such patients treated endoscopically require close follow-up with stent replacement approximately once a year.
Smart Contact Lenses and Beyond (2020)

Chapters 11, 12, and 14 reviewed the main architectures used today in see-through NTE displays: - Optical engine coupled to a free-space optical combiner, - Optical engine coupled to a freeform TIR prism optical combiner, and - Optical engine coupled to a waveguide optical combiner. All of these architectures require macro-, micro-, or even nanooptical elements (lenses, reflectors, waveguides, MLAs, gratings, holograms, etc.) and abide by the law of etendue to build a specific combination of FOV, angular resolution, and an eyebox (see Chapter 8 on how to circumvent it).
Multi-rate transmission performance of 100-Gb/s QPSK based modulation format in 10/40/100 Gb/s hybrid systems (2010)

The impact of multi-rate transmission on 100- Gb/s QPSK based modulation format in a 10G/40G/100 Gb/s hybrid systems is investigated. The solutions for the suppression of nonlinear interactions from lower rate channels are also presented.
Applications and deployments of server and network assisted DASH (SAND) (2016)

MPEG DASH provides formats that are suitable to stream segmented media content over HTTP. DASH clients follow a client-pull paradigm by adapting their requests based on the available bandwidth and other local resources. This has proven to be easier to deploy over CDN infrastructure than server-push technologies. However, this decentralised nature introduces new challenges such as offering a consistent and higher quality of service for premium users. MPEG is addressing this issue in the to-be-published new MPEG DASH part 5, Server and Network-assisted DASH (SAND). The key features of SAND are asynchronous network-to-client and network-to-network communication of quality-related assisting information. In addition, DASH-IF is further defining interoperable guidelines to optimise SAND deployments in a variety of environments: home network, over-the-top, etc. MPEG is expected to publish SAND by end of 2016 while DASH-IF aims for the course of 2017.
Analysis of Phosphorus‐Diffused Layers in Silicon (1978)

Using the Fair‐Tsai model of P diffusion in Si, equations have been derived which relate the total P concentration, electron concentration, sheet resistance, and junction depth of a P‐diffused layer. Curves are presented which show surface concentration as a function of the product, percentage of electrically active P as a function of surface concentration, and vs. for P‐implant doses ranging from .