gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Ionic Liquids in Gas Sensors: Recent Progress and Future Prospects (2015)

Since the initial report of Hurley and Weir in 1951 [1] room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been researched extensively for over five decades, starting with the binary eutectic mixtures based on haloaluminates [2,3] and proceeding through a wide array of single component salts containing many different organic cations and organic or inorganic anions [4-6]. The driving force behind research into these media was not only the sheer novelty of them as opposed to molecular liquids, but also the promise of new properties and capabilities, for example, in enabling improved separations, more efficient chemical syntheses and higher performance sensors and analytical methods. These possibilities are all the more interesting because the single component salts are typically air and moisture stable and therefore much easier to work with under practical conditions than the reactive haloaluminates, which need to be kept under dry, inert atmosphere. Our particular interest as a commercial gas sensor developer and manufacturer is whether and how RTILs could be leveraged to improve amperometric gas sensor performance, most importantly in ways that add value to the sensor product from the customer’s point of view. We are using a new, next generation amperometric gas sensing technology for a variety of toxic gases and gases of environmental interest including CO, H 2 S, NO 2 , SO 2 , O 3 , NH 3 and others. This approach adapts the conventional ideas of amperometric gas sensing into a printed package that is very small and ultralow power for modern applications (Figure 1). Can RTILs be used effectively as electrolytes in amperometric gas sensors? How do RTILs compare to conventional aqueous acid electrolytes? Can RTILs impart new capabilities and performance improvements (sensitivity, response time, stability, operational life, tolerance of extreme environmental conditions) to amperometric sensors? How does one go about selecting the right RTIL from the vast array of possibilities? What are the materials compatibility issues? What about cost? This presentation will address these issues from the perspective of several programs on gas sensor development for toxic and environmental gases at KWJ Engineering. References [1] F. H. Hurley and T. P. Weir, J. Electrochem. Soc ., 98 , 203 (1951). [2] H. L. Chum, V. R. Koch, L. L. Miller and R. A. Osteryoung, J. Am. Chem. Soc ., 97 , 3264 (1975). [3] J. S Wilkes, J. A. Levisky, R. A. Wilson and C. L. Hussey, Inorg. Chem ., 21 , 1263 (1982). [4] J. S. Wilkes and M. J. Zaworotko, Chem. Commun ., 965 (1992). [5] J. G. Huddleston, A. E. Visser, W. M. Reichert, H. D. Willauer, G. A Broker and R. D. Rogers, Green Chemistry , 3 , 256 (2001). [6] P. Wasserscheid and T. Welton (Eds.), “Ionic Liquids in Synthesis,” Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2003). Figure 1. Printed amperometric gas sensor (15 x 15 x 1 mm). Figure 1
Supplementary Table S1 from The Genetic Landscape of Clinical Resistance to RAF Inhibition in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file 51K, Supplementary Table S1. Patient characteristics. Clinical characteristics for each patient are listed in this table, along with mean target coverage data for germline, pre-treatment, and resistant tumors (if available)&lt;/p&gt;
Estimation of road friction for enhanced active safety systems: Algebraic approach (2009)

Knowledge of tire friction force capacity, i.e. tire-load frictional coefficient, is important for the control of vehicle active safety systems. In this paper we review several methods for friction estimation and develop two robust and cost effective methods based on a nonlinear least square approach and the peak aligning torque. The methods proposed in this paper utilize simple vehicle lateral dynamics, steering system, and front tire dynamics. The first estimator uses direct calculation based on front tire self-aligning torque and the second method is based on a nonlinear least square method. These estimators are verified with Carsim under various conditions.
Localized states in a nonlinear optical system with a binary-phase slice and a feedback mirror (1997)

We consider spatiotemporal dynamics in an optical system containing a thin film of nonlinear medium having binary-type refractive nonlinear response and a feedback mirror. Steady-state output transverse patterns consist of a set of localized states, and strongly depend on the initial spatial phase modulation (seeded phase image). These steady-state solution properties can be used for nonlinear image processing and edge detection. System dynamics are studied both theoretically and through numerical simulation.
The influence of processing parameters on the properties of melt‐spun polypropylene hollow fibers (2001)

Abstract Isotactic polypropylene hollow fibers were produced by melt spinning. Spinning speeds up to 1880 m/min were used, and sample hollowness (percentage void in cross section) ranged from 0 to 69%. The fiber samples were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, birefringence, tensile testing, and differential scanning calorimetry. The hollow fibers were found to have higher crystallinity, orientation, and strength than the analogous solid fibers. In general, the polymer orientation in a hollow fiber was larger than the orientation in a solid fiber, even when the spinning speed for the latter was much larger. For a fixed outer diameter, increasing the hollowness improved fiber properties. However, as hollowness was further increased, fiber properties declined slightly. At a given percentage hollowness, increased spinning speed increased modulus and tenacity. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1759–1772, 2002
Single-Structure Micromachined Three-Axis Gyroscope With Reduced Drive-Force Coupling (2015)

This letter presents a micromachined silicon three-axis gyroscope based on a triple tuning-fork structure utilizing a single vibrating element. The mechanical approach proposed in this letter uses a secondary “auxiliary” mass rather than a major “proof” mass to induce motion in the proof mass frame for Coriolis force coupling to the sense mode. These auxiliary masses reduce the unwanted mechanical coupling of force and motion from the drive mode to the three sense modes. The experimental data show that the bias error due to coupling is reduced by a factor up to 10, and the bias instability of each sense axis is reduced by a factor of up to 3 when the gyroscope is actuated using the auxiliary masses rather than the major masses. The gyroscope exhibits a bias instability of 0.016°/s, 0.004°/s, and 0.043°/s for the x-, y-, and z-sense modes, respectively. Furthermore, initial temperature characterization results show that the gyroscope actuated by the auxiliary masses ensures a better bias instability performance in each sense axis over a temperature range from 10 °C to 50 °C in comparison with the gyroscope actuated by the major masses.
Bioinspired Materials Engineering (2014)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Definitions 2.1. Bioinspiration and Biomimetics 2.2. Strategies for Bioinspired Materials Engineering 3. Biomimetic and Bioinspired Materials 3.1. Biotemplating 3.2. Soft Chemical Routes 3.3. Solid-State Transformations 3.4. Bioengineering 4. Examples of Bioinspired Materials Engineering 4.1. Bioengineering of Bioinspired Materials: Spider Silk 4.2. Bioinspired Materials from Biogenic Structures 4.2.1. Hierarchical Nanometer-Structured Ceramics 4.2.2. Microorganism-Mediated Materials Fabrication 4.3. Additive Manufacturing of Advanced Materials 5. Future Development Trends
Effect of Process Control and Powder Quality on Inconel 718 Produced Using Electron Beam Melting (2014)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Procedures Results and Discussion Variation of Powder Processing Relationship between Processing Parameters, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties Conclusion Acknowledgements Works Cited
High-sensitivity distributed pipelines infrastructure monitoring with internal deployed fibers and Rayleigh enhancement (2023)

Pipeline infrastructure monitoring based on distributed fiber-optic acoustic sensing is gaining significant attention aimed at real-time rapid detection of leakages, third-party intrusion, geo-hazards, corrosion, and other structural damages. Typical fibers installations are external to a pipeline, however retrofitting of existing pipelines through internal installation is desirable despite deployment challenges. Highly sensitive distributed acoustic sensing integrated within new pipelines or retrofit in existing pipelines can enable early detection of damage and degradation. In this work, we demonstrate pipeline integrity monitoring using distributed acoustic sensing and the Rayleigh backscattering-enhanced optical fibers deployed internal to the pipeline for high sensitivity detection of acoustic events. More specifically, traditional and backscattering-enhanced optical fibers are interrogated using bench-top phase-sensitive optical time-domain reflectometry (Φ-OTDR). The distributed acoustic sensing characteristics of two types of backscattered-enhanced fibers, Type A and Type B, are experimentally investigated. Our measurement analysis shows that the SNR of the acoustic event detection enhances ~2-fold and ~3-fold using the Type A and Type B fiber, respectively than that of the traditional SMF for pipeline monitoring. The presented investigation is a first validation for in-pipe deployed distributed acoustic sensing with high SNR and provides useful insight for diverse pipeline monitoring applications in the oil and gas distribution industry.
A [10&#x00B0;C; 70&#x00B0;C] 640&#x00D7;480 17&#x00B5;m pixel pitch TEC-less IR bolometer imager with below 50mK and below 4V power supply (2013)

Used in low-cost thermal imaging, 8-to-12μm infrared micro-bolometer hybrid detectors are very demanding in terms of offset skimming and technological fluctuation compensation: typical offset values are about 100 times larger than the signal, while the fixed-pattern noise (FPN) is about 10 times larger. State-of-the-art image sensors feature noise-equivalent temperature difference (NETD), i.e. thermal resolutions, of about 50mK.
Novel stress-memorization-technology (SMT) for high electron mobility enhancement of gate last high-k/metal gate devices (2010)

High-k/metal gate (HKMG) compatible high performance Source/Drain (S/D) stress-memorization-technology (SMT) is presented. Channel stress generated by SMT can be simulated by using mask-edge dislocation model, which is consistent with the measured actual channel stress. Extremely deep pre-amorphization-implant (PAI) for SMT creates multiple mask-edge dislocations under S/D region, which enhances short-channel mobility by 40~60%. Finally, more than 10% short channel drive current gain is achieved with additional S/D extension optimization.
[The complex etiology of epidemic diseases in calves on large-capacity farms and their clinical and epizootic characteristics]. (1986)

It is not easy to exactly diagnose the etiology of the mass infections of new-born calves on large farms where considerable losses are suffered. On the basis of the complex epizootological, clinical and laboratory examination in four large calf-rearing facilities, rotaviruses, coronaviruses, the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus and the bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus, and in some cases also the enteropathogenic E. coli, were found to be etiologically involved in the mass rise of diarrhoea, complicated by respiratory symptoms already during the first days after birth. The clinical picture of the disease, therapeutically difficult and reminding of "pneumoenteritis", has often been observed in stocks where, in addition to rotaviruses and coronaviruses in the faeces, the IBR or BVD viruses (sometimes both at the same time) were detected and identified in the respiratory and enteral tract. The serological examination of a higher number of animals in the stocks of calves under study confirmed the considerable rate of spreading of all the four viruses in the cattle population and, at the same time, demonstrated the very unfavourable immunological profile of the herds. The high percentage of animals low in antibody titres and the serologically negative animals constitute the infection-sensitive part of population in the affected herds. With the high culling rate and with the open herd turnover it is impossible to reach the required immunity through natural disinfection. Loss-free rearing of healthy calves will be achieved on the basis of a well-oriented vaccination programme with a good combination of inoculants.
Cathodes for Electrochemical Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Multi-Carbon Products: Part II (2023)

This is Part II of a focused review of recent highlights in the literature in cathode development for low temperature electrochemical carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide reduction to multi-carbon (C 2+ ) products. Part I () introduced the role of CO 2 reduction in decarbonising the chemical industry and described the catalysts and modelling approaches. Part II describes in situ characterisation to improve the understanding and development of catalysts, the catalyst layer and the gas diffusion layer.
Probing the role of water in the tryptophan repressor‐operator complex (1999)

The Escherichia coli tryptophan repressor protein (TR) represses the transcription of several genes in response to the concentration of tryptophan in the environment. In the co-crystal structure of TR bound to a DNA fragment containing its target very few direct contacts between TR and the DNA were observed. In contrast, a number of solvent mediated contacts were apparent. NMR solution structures, however, did not resolve any solvent mediated bonds at the complex interface. To probe for the role of water in TR operator recognition, the effect of osmolytes on the interactions between TR and a target oligonucleotide bearing the operator site was examined. In the absence of specific solvent mediated hydrogen bonding interactions between the protein and the DNA, increasing osmolyte concentration is expected to strongly stabilize the TR operator interaction due to the large amount of macromolecular surface area buried upon complexation. The results of our studies indicate that xylose did not alter the binding affinity significantly, while glycerol and PEG had a small stabilizing effect. A study of binding as a function of betaine concentration revealed that this osmolyte at low concentration results in a stabilization of the 1:1 TR/operator complex, but at higher concentrations leads to a switching between binding modes to favor tandem binding. Analysis of the effects of betaine on the 1:1 complex suggest that this osmolyte has about 78% of the expected effect. If one accepts the analysis in terms of the number of water molecules excluded upon complexation, these results suggest that about 75 water molecules remain at the interface of the 1:1 dimer/DNA complex. This value is consistent with the number of water molecules found at the interface in the crystallographically determined structure and supports the notion that interfacial waters play an important thermodynamic role in the specific complexation of one TR dimer with its target DNA. However, the complexity of the effects of betaine and the small or negligible effects of the other osmolytes could also arise from osmolyte induced competition between antagonistic coupled reactions.
Figure S3 from EMP2 Is a Novel Regulator of Stemness in Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Anti-EMP2 mAbs reduce tumor load in two trials using MDA-MB-231 xenograft models.&lt;/p&gt;
Clinical Characteristic of Elderly Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. (1992)

The number of elderly patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is increasing because of the prolongation of life due to the improvement of diabetic control. For better management of elderly patients with IDDM, we investigated the clinical and genetic characteristic of older patients with IDDM in comparison with younger patients. The subjects studied consisted of 19 patients with IDDM treated at the Department of Geriatric Medicine, Osaka University Hospital. Among the 19 subjects, 7 patients (37%) were more than 50 years old, including 3 patients (16%) more than 65 years old. The clinical and genetic characteristics of these 7 patients (older patients group) were compared with those of 12 patients (younger patient group) whose age was less than 50 years old. The age at onset of IDDM was significantly higher in older patient group (46 +/- 13 years old; mean +/- SD) than in younger patient group (34 +/- 6 years old). There was no significant difference in the duration of IDDM between older and younger patients (13 +/- 6 and 12 +/- 8 years, respectively). There were no significant differences in daily insulin dose, glycemic control (fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels) and glycemic stability as measured by the standard deviation of 10 measured fasting plasma glucose levels between the two groups. The frequency of diabetic retinopathy and neuropathy in the older patients was slightly, but not significantly, higher than that in younger patients. The frequency of diabetic nephropathy was similar in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Three-Dimensional Numerical Simulation of Electrical Current Flow in Sliding Electrical Contacts Using Transfer Film Lubrication. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
ATM application to digital avionics (2002)

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is being overwhelming embraced as the protocol for future broadband communications. Its broad acceptance has initiated products and services from every segment of the telecommunications and multimedia industry. The widespread availability these products have prompted an initial investigation into its use for avionics. This paper relates the basic tenants of the ATM protocol to avionics requirements and discuss its applicability for unifying modern avionics networks. The final segment of the paper describes a commercially available product that could serve as a technology demonstration vehicle for further evaluation studies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A digital signal processor for linear sensors (2002)

A 132 K transistor device which performs black-level, gain, and defect corrections, line-rephasing, color matrixing, and curve-shaping functions on linear sensor data while interfacing to external memory and a data bus is described. The 2 mu m CMOS chip can be used with a wide range of sensor resolutions for various image-scanning applications. The chip performs the following functions: digital correlated double sampling, black-level correction and gain correction for each photosite, sensor defect concealment, color matrixing, and look-up table operations for space transformations. Additionally, three interface circuits are implemented to store and retrieve black-level and gain correction values, rephase red, green, and blue values to provide line coincidence, and function as a simple computer for loading coefficients and writing the processed image data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Long‐term outcome of patients with POEMS syndrome: An update of the Mayo Clinic experience (2016)

Over the past decade, a number of changes have occurred in the diagnostic evaluation, management, and long-term follow-up of patients with POEMS syndrome at our institution. This study included 291 patients with POEMS syndrome diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic between 1974 and 2014. Patients diagnosed after 2003 had more features of the syndrome identified at diagnosis and were more likely to receive an autologous transplant (49% versus 8%, P < 0.0001) and to have achieved a hematologic complete response (CR) to treatment (41% vs 25%, P < 0.0001). With 2273 person-years of follow-up, 10-year overall survival (OS) was 62% (95% C.I., 56%, 67%). On multivariate analysis, the three factors associated with superior OS were younger age (RR 0.98 [0.96-1.00]), albumin greater-than 3.2 g/dL (RR 0.5 [0.32-0.89]) and attainment of complete hematologic response (RR 0.4 [0.2, 0.9]). This study confirms the very good long-term outcomes of patients with POEMS syndrome and identifies two new prognostic risk factors: albumin at diagnosis and attainment of complete hematologic response. Am. J. Hematol. 91:585-589, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Face Liveness Detection Based on Stereo Imaging (2022)

Face recognition is used extensively in authentication systems because it offers contactless and fast use. Face liveness detection algorithms have become of vital importance, especially with its widespread use in important areas such as banking and digital wallets. In this study, a real-time liveness detection method that can be applied to face recognition systems is proposed. The method detects faces in two images taken simultaneously with stereo imaging and extracts landmarks from the detected faces. A sparse 3D face model is created with the help of stereo calibration matrices obtained from these points and cameras. Using a deep learning architecture trained with the created 3D face models, the input images are classified whether they belong to an actual face or a photograph. In this way, deception of the face recognition based authentication system is prevented. According to the quantitative test results obtained, it has been shown that the proposed algorithm is much more successful against photo deception compared to existing methods. The method achieved an accuracy of up to 99% in experiments performed on the expanded version of the EPFL Stereo Face Dataset.
Bone marrow in children with acute lymphocytic leukemia: MR relaxation times. (1986)

Magnetic resonance imaging of the lumbar spine was performed in 17 children with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL): eight with newly diagnosed ALL, four with ALL in relapse, and five with ALL in remission. Eleven age-matched children were also imaged as controls. The T1 and T2 relaxation times of the bone marrow in the lumbar spine were calculated for all the children. The T1 relaxation times of the bone marrow were as follows (mean +/- standard deviation): newly diagnosed ALL, 968 msec +/- 68; ALL in relapse, 765 msec +/- 19; ALL in remission, 404 msec +/- 135; and age-matched controls, 441 msec +/- 82. T1 relaxation time was statistically significant in differentiating children with newly diagnosed ALL from normal children and from children with ALL in remission. In addition, T1 may be useful in differentiating children with ALL in relapse from children with ALL in remission and from healthy children. T2 was not significantly different among the four groups.
Designer Receptors for Nucleotide‐Resolution Analysis of Genomic 5‐Methylcytosine by Cellular Imaging (2020)

Abstract We report programmable receptors for the imaging‐based analysis of 5‐methylcytosine (5mC) in user‐defined DNA sequences of single cells. Using fluorescent transcription‐activator‐like effectors (TALEs) that can recognize sequences of canonical and epigenetic nucleobases through selective repeats, we imaged cellular SATIII DNA, the origin of nuclear stress bodies (nSB). We achieve high nucleobase selectivity of natural repeats in imaging and demonstrate universal nucleobase binding by an engineered repeat. We use TALE pairs differing in only one such repeat in co‐stains to detect 5mC in SATIII sequences with nucleotide resolution independently of differences in target accessibility. Further, we directly correlate the presence of heat shock factor 1 with 5mC at its recognition sequence, revealing a potential function of 5mC in its recruitment as initial step of nSB formation. This opens a new avenue for studying 5mC functions in chromatin regulation in situ with nucleotide, locus, and cell resolution.