gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standardization of relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) image maps for ease of both inter‐ and intrapatient comparisons (2010)

Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) measured using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI suffers from interpatient and interstudy variability for the same tissue type. Traditionally, when a more quantitative assessment of rCBV is required, as for comparison across studies and patients, the rCBV values are normalized to the rCBV in a reference region such as normal-appearing white matter. However, this technique of normalization is subjective and time consuming and introduces user-dependent variability. In this study, we demonstrate that a method called standardization, applied to rCBV maps, is an objective means of translating all rCBV values to a consistent scale. This approach reduces interpatient and interstudy variability for the same tissue type, thus enabling easy and accurate visual and quantitative comparison across studies. One caveat to this approach is that it is not appropriate for the evaluation of global changes in blood volume, since systematic differences are removed in the process of standardization.
Unlimited vocabulary speech recognition based on morphs discovered in an unsupervised manner (2003)

We study continuous speech recognition based on sub-word units found in an unsupervised fashion. For agglutinative languages like Finnish, traditional word-based n-gram language modeling does not work well due to the huge number of different word forms. We use a method based on the Minimum Description Length principle to split words statistically into subword units allowing efficient language modeling and unlimited vocabulary. The perplexity and speech recognition experiments on Finnish speech data show that the resulting model outperforms both word and syllable based trigram models. Compared to the word trigram model, the out-of-vocabulary rate is reduced from 20% to 0% and the word error rate from 56% to 32%.
Teil A: Einblick: veränderungsrelevante Theorien und Zusammenhänge (2020)

Veränderungen sind im Zuge der Digitalisierung an der Tagesordnung - doch tauchen dabei immer wieder Barrieren auf. Dies macht es den Verantwortlichen oft sehr schwer, den anstehenden Wandel im notwendigen Umfang und in einer angemessenen Zeit umzusetzen.
Polarization dictates iron handling by inflammatory and alternatively activated macrophages (2010)

Cytokines that drive macrophage polarization ultimately control iron handling, leading to the differentiation of macrophages into a subset which has a relatively sealed intracellular iron content (M1) or into a subset endowed with the ability to recycle the metal (M2).
Protection of Rat Myocardium by Mitogenic and Non-Mitogenic Fibroblast Growth Factor During Post-Ischemic Reperfusion (1997)

The effects of acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-1) and basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) and a non mitogenic form of FGF1 on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion were assessed. Rats underwent 10 minutes of coronary artery occlusion followed by 24 hours of reperfusion. Creatinine kinase content of the affected myocardium showed that both fibroblast growth factors 1 and 2 effectively protected against ischemia reperfusion injury (p < 0.01), and that the vasoactive but nonmitogenic form of the FGF1 was equally protective (p < 0.01 versus control + vehicle). The results were confirmed by light and electron-microscopy histological studies. Histological evaluations after treatment with the non-mitogenic fibroblast growth factor 1 showed that it did not generate the severe hyperplasia and connective tissue disorganization observed with the native mitogenic proteins.The possibility of using a non-mitogenic form of fibroblast growth factor for cardio-protection circumvents many of the potentially undesirable effects that may derive from systemically introducing broad spectrum acting fibroblast growth factors in vivo. This myocardial protection observed 24 hours after the treatment with fibroblast growth factors, and the efficacy of the non-mitogenic form of the protein, also suggest that the protective effect of fibroblast growth factors may be due to the increased blood flow rather than to angiogenesis.
Tosylamidation of cyclohexane by a cytochrome P-450 model (1982)

R. Breslow and S. H. Gellman, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1982, 1400 DOI: 10.1039/C39820001400
Nonlinear bubble oscillations and Bjerknes forces (1995)

The acoustic levitation of bubbles in standing waves has been considered by many authors. Calculations of the equilibrium levitation position have followed the example of Eller [A. Eller, 170–171 (1968)] by considering linear radial pulsations whose amplitude is given by a linearized Rayleigh–Plesset equation. This procedure begins to fail as the bubble starts behaving in a nonlinear fashion. For bubbles experiencing nonlinear behavior, the radiation pressure (primary Bjerknes force) must be numerically calculated from the product of the instantaneous bubble volume and the pressure gradient of the sound field. Bubbles smaller than resonance size are normally attracted to the pressure antinode, but when nonlinear effects are considered, the bubbles can be repulsed by the pressure antinode for driving pressures above a certain threshold amplitude. Results of our calculations will be presented along with the implications for single bubble sonoluminescence. [Work supported by the office of Naval Research.]
Structure and 3D-3D Topotactic Transformation of the Aluminophosphate Molecular Sieve PST-5 and Its Implication in New Zeolite Structure Generation (2020)

Zeolites have attracted great interest over recent decades. Their unique pore structures of molecular dimensions and tunable compositions make them ideal for shape selective catalysis and separation. However, targeted synthesis of zeolites with new pore structures and compositions remains a key challenge. Here, we propose a novel approach based on a unique 3D-3D topotactic transformation, which takes advantage of weak bonding in zeolites. This is inspired by the structure transformation of PST-5, a new aluminophosphate molecular sieve, to PST-6 by calcination at 500 °C. The structure of PST-5 was determined from micrometer-sized crystals by 3D electron diffraction (3DED, also known as MicroED). We found that the 3D-3D topotactic transformation involves two types of building units where penta- or hexa-coordinated Al is present. We applied this approach to several other zeolite systems and predicted a series of new zeolite structures that would be synthetically feasible. This method provides a new concept for the synthesis of targeted zeolites, especially those which may not be feasible by conventional methods.
ChemInform Abstract: NaIO4—NaN3‐Mediated Diazidation of Styrenes, Alkenes, Benzylic Alcohols, and Aryl Ketones. (2012)

Abstract Various substrates can be successfully transformed to diazides as precursors of synthetically important diamines.
Supplementary Figure S8 from Tumor Cell–Autonomous SHP2 Contributes to Immune Suppression in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;T cell composition analysis in mice bearing SHP2 manipulated 4T1 metastases and representative dot plots for data shown in figure 4A.&lt;/p&gt;
Oxidation and diffusion processes during annealing of AlCrVN hard coatings (2008)

V-alloyed AlCrN hard coatings were deposited by reactive arc evaporation in an industrial-sized deposition system and subsequently annealed in ambient air at temperatures ranging from 550to700°C in order to study the formation mechanisms of the desired lubricious oxides. The oxidized samples were investigated by means of secondary ion mass spectrometry depth profiling, x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, and analytical transmission electron microscopy. Vanadium diffusion in the oxidized part of the coating leads to the formation of a V-rich top layer containing AlVO4 and the desired lubricious oxide V2O5 followed by a V-depleted inner oxide layer consisting of a mixed or nanocrystalline (Al,Cr,V)2O3 on top of the intact AlCrVN coating.
Using mLDP through a Backbone where there is no Route to the Root (2009)

The control protocol used for constructing Point-to-Multipoint and
Multipoint-to-Multipoint Label Switched Paths (MP LSPs) contains a
field that identifies the address of a node. Intermediate nodes
are expected to be able to look up that address in their routing
tables. However, if the route to the root node is a BGP route, and the
intermediate nodes are part of a BGP-free core, this is not possible.
This document specifies procedures which enable a MP LSP to be
constructed through a BGP-free core. In these procedures, the root
node address is temporarily replaced by an address which is known to
the intermediate nodes.
Molecular basis of heavy-chain class switching and switch region deletion in an Abelson virus-transformed cell line. (1984)

We demonstrated that a subclone of an Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed B-lymphoid cell line switched from mu to gamma 2b expression in vitro, by the classical recombination-deletion mechanism. In this line, the expressed VHDJH region and the C gamma 2b constant region gene were juxtaposed by a recombination event which linked the highly repetitive portions of the S mu and S gama 2b regions and resulted in the loss of the C mu gene from the intervening region. An additional recombination event in this subclone involved an internal deletion in the S mu region of the expressed (switched) allele. One end of this deletion occurred very close to the switch recombination point. Despite the recombination-deletion mechanism of switching, the gamma 2b-producing line retained two copies of the C mu gene and two copies of the sequence just 5' to the S gamma 2b recombination point. The possible significance of the retention of these sequences to the mechanism of class switching is discussed.
Detection of Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M. synoviae, and M. iowae by Multi-Species Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (1995)

A single set of oligonucleotide primers was designed from known 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG), M. synoviae (MS), and M. iowae (MI). This set of primers selectively amplifies a 780-base-pair DNA fragment within the 16S rRNA gene of MG, MS, and MI but does not amplify other avian mycoplasmas or other bacteria. The detection limit of the multi-species polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was approximately 100 mycoplasma (MG, MS, MI) colony-forming units per PCR reaction. The PCR product was differentiated by restriction fragment length polymorphism with the restriction enzymes HpaI, HpaII, and MboI. Preliminary results from field samples suggest that this technique could be a useful and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of these three pathogenic poultry mycoplasmas.
Oncogenicity of an Endogenous C-Type Virus Chemically Activated from Mouse Cells in Culture (1974)

RNA C-type viruses are known to exist in an unexpressed form in all mouse cells. These endogenous viruses can be activated from cells in tissue culture under certain experimental conditions. The biologic activity in vivo of one class of chemically-activated C-type virus has been studied. This virus is shown to induce a specific tumor, lymphatic leukemia, in mice of a low leukemic incidence strain.
Physiology of cardiomyocyte injury in COVID-19 (2020)

COVID-19 affects multiple organs. Clinical data from the Mount Sinai Health System shows that substantial numbers of COVID-19 patients without prior heart disease develop cardiac dysfunction. How COVID-19 patients develop cardiac disease is not known. We integrate cell biological and physiological analyses of human cardiomyocytes differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of interleukins, with clinical findings, to investigate plausible mechanisms of cardiac disease in COVID-19 patients. We infected hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes, from healthy human subjects, with SARS-CoV-2 in the absence and presence of interleukins. We find that interleukin treatment and infection results in disorganization of myofibrils, extracellular release of troponin-I, and reduced and erratic beating. Although interleukins do not increase the extent, they increase the severity of viral infection of cardiomyocytes resulting in cessation of beating. Clinical data from hospitalized patients from the Mount Sinai Health system show that a significant portion of COVID-19 patients without prior history of heart disease, have elevated troponin and interleukin levels. A substantial subset of these patients showed reduced left ventricular function by echocardiography. Our laboratory observations, combined with the clinical data, indicate that direct effects on cardiomyocytes by interleukins and SARS-CoV-2 infection can underlie the heart disease in COVID-19 patients.
TOLERANCE INDUCTION TO MULTIPLE MINOR HISTOINCOMPATIBLE CELLS BY ACTIVATED B CELLS IS ASSOCIATED WITH PREFERENTIAL ACTIVATION OF Th2 CELLS1 (1994)

Transplantation is published monthly and is the most cited and influential journal in the field, with more than 25,000 citations per year. The journal celebrated its 50th year in 2016. Transplantation has been the trusted source for extensive and timely coverage of the most important advances in transplantation. The Editors and Editorial Board are an international group of research and clinical leaders that includes many pioneers of the field, representing a diverse range of areas of expertise. This capable editorial team provides thoughtful and thorough peer review, and delivers rapid, careful and insightful editorial evaluation of all manuscripts submitted to the journal.
Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement (2021)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a potentially serious liver disease that affects approximately one-quarter of the global adult population, causing a substantial burden of ill health with wide-ranging social and economic implications. It is a multisystem disease and is considered the hepatic component of metabolic syndrome. Unlike other highly prevalent conditions, NAFLD has received little attention from the global public health community. Health system and public health responses to NAFLD have been weak and fragmented, and, despite its pervasiveness, NAFLD is largely unknown outside hepatology and gastroenterology. There is only a nascent global public health movement addressing NAFLD, and the disease is absent from nearly all national and international strategies and policies for non-communicable diseases, including obesity. In this global Delphi study, a multidisciplinary group of experts developed consensus statements and recommendations, which a larger group of collaborators reviewed over three rounds until consensus was achieved. The resulting consensus statements and recommendations address a broad range of topics - from epidemiology, awareness, care and treatment to public health policies and leadership - that have general relevance for policy-makers, health-care practitioners, civil society groups, research institutions and affected populations. These recommendations should provide a strong foundation for a comprehensive public health response to NAFLD.
Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced iNOS, COX- 2, and TNF-&#945 Expression by Aqueous Extract of Orixa Japonica in RAW 264.7 Cells via Suppression of NF- <sub>k</sub>B Activity (2011)

Purpose: To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extract of Orixa japonica (AEOJ) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells.Methods: The expression of mRNA and protein using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis was investigated. The level of nitric oxide (NO) production was analyzed using Griess reaction. Release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) was determined using sandwich ELISA.Results: AEOJ potently inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Consistent with these findings, AEOJ wasalso found to significantly reduce LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and TNF- at the transcriptional level. Additionally, AEOJ attenuated LPSinducedNF-B activity via the inhibition of IB phosphorylation and degradation. It was also found that the NF-B inhibitor N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) attenuated LPS-induced gene expression of iNOS, COX-2,and TNF-. These results indicate that AEOJ attenuates LPS-induced inflammatory mediators such as NO, PGE2, and TNF- via suppression of NF-B activity.Conclusion: These results suggest that AEOJ has a potential activity to alleviate LPS-induced inflammation.
Representation, coding, and rendering of 3D video objects with MPEG-4 and H.264/AVC (2005)

3D video objects provide the same functionalities as virtual computer graphics objects but depict the motion and appearance of real world moving objects. They can be viewed interactively from any direction and integrated in complete 3D scenes with other virtual and real world elements. So far, related work only considered extraction, representation, and rendering methods. Compression and transmission has not yet been studied in detail and combined with the other components into one complete system. In this paper, we present such a complete system for efficient 3D video object extraction, representation, coding, and interactive rendering. Data representation is based on 3D mesh models and view-dependent texture mapping using video textures. The geometry extraction is based on a shape-from-silhouette algorithm. The resulting voxel models are converted into 3D meshes that are coded using MPEG-4 SNHC tools. The corresponding video textures are preprocessed taking the object's shape into account and coded using an H.264/AVC codec. The presented results illustrate that based on the proposed methods a complete transmission system for 3D video objects can be built.
Studies on Carotenoids in the Petals of Compositae Plants (2009)

Carotenoids are one of the most important pigments for petal coloration in the yellow to red range; however, knowledge of carotenoids in petals is relatively limited. To better understand flower carotenoids, we analyzed carotenoid composition, the expression of carotenogenic genes, and the relationship between pigment composition and petal color in petals of Compositae plants, including chrysanthemums. We found that petals of yellow-flowered chrysanthemums have a unique carotenoid composition, and that the formation of white petal color in chrysanthemums involves carotenoid degradation catalyzed by carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase (CmCCD4a). We also showed three routes to an orange petal color via carotenoid components in 9 Compositae plants. In addition, we identified (5Z)-carotenoids that contribute orange color formation in calendula petals. In this review, we summarize our studies on carotenoids in the petals of Compositae plants.
Figure S4 from Pharmacologic Properties and Preclinical Activity of Sasanlimab, A High-affinity Engineered Anti-Human PD-1 Antibody (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4 shows the evaluation of the charge isoform distribution of sasanlimab by imaged capillary isoelectric focusing (iCE).&lt;/p&gt;
Wafer-scale oxide fusion bonding and wafer thinning development for 3D systems integration: Oxide fusion wafer bonding and wafer thinning development for TSV-last integration (2012)

300mm Si wafer-scale oxide fusion bonding and mechanical/wet etch assisted wafer thinning processes were combined with a TSV-last 3D integration strategy to fabricate electrical open/short yield learning on through-wafer electrical TSV test chains.
Constrained Optimal Average Power Control for Wireless Transmission (2021)

This letter discusses optimal feedback control of nonlinear systems, subject to state and control signal inequalities. Logarithmic control signal barrier functions, augmented to the Hamiltonian, allow an analytical computation of the optimal control solution in the limit where the logarithmic barrier functions are exact. An assumption of invertibility of the optimality condition and a back substitution then leads to a globally valid nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation that can be solved numerically with the method of characteristics. The methodology is applied to study optimal state feedback control of a constrained average transmit power control loop. The control loop ensures that a total average power threshold is never exceeded, where the threshold corresponds to the extension of a downlink public exclusion zone for 4G and 5G base stations, thereby addressing electromagnetic field regulations. The numerical results contribute to explain and reduce a previously observed control signal switching, by a characterization of the effect of the control signal limitations.
Spironolactone Metabolite Concentrations in Decompensated Heart Failure: Insights from the ATHENA-HF Trial (2020)

Lower-than-anticipated concentrations of spironolactone active metabolites were observed for at least 48 h in the high-dose spironolactone group and may have contributed to the absence of pharmacological effects of spironolactone in the ATHENA-HF trial.
ChemInform Abstract: Haloenamines. Part 2. A Rapid and Efficient Synthesis of Carbohydrate 1,2‐Orthoesters. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Stability Analysis of a Rate Control Algorithm Using the Routh–Hurwitz Stability Criterion (2004)

Feedback delays arise in the control of a computer network-from the information transfer process itself and from the processing of control signals at the network nodes. Flow control of data sources in a computer network often results in a time-delayed control problem. Feedback delay reduces the stability of a system. In this paper we discuss how to use the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion to design and analyze the stability of a flow control algorithm with feedback delay.
Data from Changes in CT Radiomic Features Associated with Lymphocyte Distribution Predict Overall Survival and Response to Immunotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;No predictive biomarkers can robustly identify patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who will benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies. Here, in a machine learning setting, we compared changes (“delta”) in the radiomic texture (DelRADx) of CT patterns both within and outside tumor nodules before and after two to three cycles of ICI therapy. We found that DelRADx patterns could predict response to ICI therapy and overall survival (OS) for patients with NSCLC. We retrospectively analyzed data acquired from 139 patients with NSCLC at two institutions, who were divided into a discovery set (D&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; = 50) and two independent validation sets (D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; = 62, D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; = 27). Intranodular and perinodular texture descriptors were extracted, and the relative differences were computed. A linear discriminant analysis (LDA) classifier was trained with 8 DelRADx features to predict RECIST-derived response. Association of delta-radiomic risk score (DRS) with OS was determined. The association of DelRADx features with tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) density on the diagnostic biopsies (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 36) was also evaluated. The LDA classifier yielded an AUC of 0.88 ± 0.08 in distinguishing responders from nonresponders in D&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;, and 0.85 and 0.81 in D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;. DRS was associated with OS [HR: 1.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22–2.21; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0011; C-index = 0.72). Peritumoral Gabor features were associated with the density of TILs on diagnostic biopsy samples. Our results show that DelRADx could be used to identify early functional responses in patients with NSCLC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;