gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
International Cancer of the Pancreas Screening (CAPS) Consortium summit on the management of patients with increased risk for familial pancreatic cancer (2012)

Screening is recommended for high-risk individuals, but more evidence is needed, particularly for how to manage patients with detected lesions. Screening and subsequent management should take place at high-volume centres with multidisciplinary teams, preferably within research protocols.
A peptide vaccine targeting angiotensin II attenuates the cardiac dysfunction induced by myocardial infarction (2017)

A peptide vaccine targeting angiotensin II (Ang II) was recently developed as a novel treatment for hypertension to resolve the problem of noncompliance with pharmacotherapy. Ang II plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction (MI), which causes heart failure. In the present study, we examined whether the Ang II vaccine is effective in preventing heart failure. The injection of the Ang II vaccine in a rat model of MI attenuated cardiac dysfunction in association with an elevation in the serum anti-Ang II antibody titer. Furthermore, any detrimental effects of the Ang II vaccine were not observed in the rats that underwent sham operations. Treatment with immunized serum from Ang II vaccine-injected rats significantly suppressed post-MI cardiac dysfunction in MI rats and Ang II-induced remodeling-associated signaling in cardiac fibroblasts. Thus, our present study demonstrates that the Ang II vaccine may provide a promising novel therapeutic strategy for preventing heart failure.
Unrelated peripheral blood and cord blood hematopoietic stem cell transplants for thalassemia major (2004)

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is currently the only curative treatment available for thalassemia major. While sibling donors are usually used, unrelated bone marrow transplants have also recently been found to be successful. In this report of two patients, we show that, besides using unrelated bone marrow, peripheral blood stem cell and cord blood transplantations from unrelated donors are viable options. We believe a significant contributory factor in both our cases was the large cell dose used.
SYN-004 (Ribaxamase) Protects the Diversity of the Gut Microbiome in Patients Receiving Intravenous Ceftriaxone Treatment (2017)

The balance of the gut microbiome is linked to human health, and disruption of this balance is associated with many diseases from secondary infections like Clostridium difficile (CDI) to gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. Antibiotics are the most profound disrupters of the gut microbiome, eliminating more sensitive taxa and leading to a state of dysbiosis. IV β-lactam antibiotics, like cephalosporins, are a first line treatment for many infections, but a substantial portion of these antibiotics are excreted in the bile into the intestine disrupting the gut microbiome. SYN-004 (ribaxamase) is a β-lactamase designed to be orally administered with IV β-lactam antibiotics. Ribaxamase is formulated to remain in the GI tract to degrade the excess antibiotics before they reach the colon and thus protect the gut microbiome. As part of a recent Phase 2b clinical study, longitudinal fecal samples were collected from patients receiving ≥5 days of IV ceftriaxone ± ribaxamase and possibly an oral macrolide. Fecal samples were taken pre and post antibiotics, and extracted DNA was 16S rRNA sequenced to determine the composition of the gut microbiome. Comparisons of changes in the gut microbiome were made between patients who received ceftriaxone plus placebo or ribaxamase, and various sub-analyses were also performed. The primary endpoint of reduction of new onset CDI was achieved in this trial. Additionally, microbiome diversity comparisons demonstrated that patients who received ceftriaxone + placebo had a significant reduction (P < 0.001) in measures of alpha and β diversity as compared with both pre-antibiotic samples and patients who received ceftriaxone + ribaxamase. The gut microbiome of patients who received concurrent ribaxamase recovered to baseline while the gut microbiome of patients without ribaxamase remained disrupted at 4 weeks. On sub-analysis, patients who were positive for the clinical endpoints points of CDI and antibiotic-associated diarrhea had more profound changes to their gut microbiome as compared with patients who didn’t meet these endpoints. These results are consistent the expected mechanism of action of ribaxamase and support its anticipated clinical activity in protecting the gut microbiome from β-lactam antibiotics. J. Kokai-Kun, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.: Employee, Salary; S. Connelly, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.: Employee, Salary; C. Le, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.: Employee, Salary; K. Trout, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.: Employee, Salary. J. Sliman, Synthetic Biologics, Inc.: Employee, Salary
Automatic Error Detection (1976)

In the preceding chapters testing and debugging were treated as more or less manual processes. The following two chapters deal with these processes as being automatic. Computer systems that are able to recognise an error and take appropriate action are known in the literature as fault-tolerant systems. In recent years a new branch of computer science has been established to deal with the problems associated with fault-tolerant computing (Avizienis, 1978).
The origin of pandemic influenza. (1972)

Serological tests, using antisera specific to the surface subunits of the viruses (e.g., antisera to the haemagglutinin subunits devoid of any antineuraminidase or anti-host antigen activity) showed that the haemagglutinin subunits of the Hong Kong virus were, immunologically, distinct from the subunits of the preceding A/Asian strains. On the other hand, the neuraminidase subunits of the Hong Kong virus are related to those of the A/Asian strains. The haemagglutinin subunits of influenzaviruses are composed of two pairs of light and heavy polypeptide chains and it was found that the amino acid sequence of the light and heavy chains from the haemagglutinin subunits of the Hong Kong virus differed remarkably from those of the preceding A/Asian strains. These findings suggest that Hong Kong virus did not arise by mutation from a pre-existing human strain and that it probably arose by the selection of a genetic recombinant in a partially immune population. It is postulated that the recombinant was formed as the result of the mixed infection of an animal or bird with an animal or avian influenzavirus and a human A/Asian strain. The animal (or avian) virus could have donated the haemagglutinin subunits of A/Hong Kong/1/68 virus and the neuraminidase subunits could have come from the human A/Asian strain.
Autonomous lateral following consideration for vehicle platoons (2004)

In this paper the problem of lateral control of vehicles operating in a platoon without the use of road infrastructure is analyzed. It is shown that the use of sensors that monitor the preceding vehicle's relative lateral position is enough to achieve lateral control for a pair of vehicles, provided that certain limitations are taken into account. For a platoon of multiple vehicles, the lateral error propagation is a serious issue that can be solved if performance is compromised. The use of inter-vehicle communication is proposed in order to recover platoon stability and satisfactory performance. Experimental data and simulations for both passenger and tractor-semi-trailer vehicles illustrate the analytical results.
A Wide-area, Low-latency, and Power-efficient 6-DoF Pose Tracking System for Rigid Objects (2021)

Position sensitive detectors (PSDs) offer possibility to track single active marker's two (or three) degrees of freedom (DoF) position with a high accuracy, while having a fast response time with high update frequency and low latency, all using a very simple signal processing circuit. However they are not particularly suitable for 6-DoF object pose tracking system due to lack of orientation measurement, limited tracking range, and sensitivity to environmental variation. We propose a novel 6-DoF pose tracking system for a rigid object tracking requiring a single active marker. The proposed system uses a stereo-based PSD pair and multiple Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). This is done based on a practical approach to identify and control the power of Infrared-Light Emitting Diode (IR-LED) active markers, with an aim to increase the tracking work space and reduce the power consumption. Our proposed tracking system is validated with three different work space sizes and for static and dynamic positional accuracy using robotic arm manipulator with three different dynamic motion patterns. The results show that the static position root-mean-square (RMS) error is 0.6mm. The dynamic position RMS error is 0.7-0.9mm. The orientation RMS error is between 0.04 and 0.9 degree at varied dynamic motion. Overall, our proposed tracking system is capable of tracking a rigid object pose with sub-millimeter accuracy at the mid range of the work space and sub-degree accuracy for all work space under a lab setting.
Optical clock recovery circuits using traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator-based ring oscillators for 3R regeneration (2005)

We describe an optical clock recovery circuit that employs a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator-based ring oscillator. This approach provides synchronized optical clock and the original optical data signal from the same output at separate wavelengths, eliminating additional timing adjustments for the subsequent nonlinear decision gate for reamplifying, reshaping, and retiming (3R) regeneration. Furthermore, additional retiming and lateral reshaping of the original data signal can be realized along with optical clock recovery by synchronized modulation. We present a general model of jitter transfer and locking dynamics for the clock recovery circuit and compare with experimental results. Theoretical results indicate that by using hybrid integration to shorten the cavity length, nanosecond-order locking time can be achieved, which is critical for a variety of applications such as protection switching, optical burst and optical packet switching. Experimental demonstrations of 40-Gb/s optical clock recovery and its application for optical 3R regeneration are presented. The recovered 40-GHz optical clock has 500-fs timing jitter and 8-ps pulsewidth, and within 0.3 /spl mu/s locking time. 3R experiment is implemented by using the OCR combined with a subsequent regenerative wavelength converter, which provides vertical reshaping function. 3R regeneration is demonstrated with a reduced timing jitter.
The Rhox gene cluster suppresses germline LINE1 transposition (2021)

Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile sequences that engender widespread mutations and thus are a major hazard that must be silenced. The most abundant active class of TEs in mammalian genomes is long interspersed element class 1 (<i>LINE1</i>). Here, we report that <i>LINE1</i> transposition is suppressed in the male germline by transcription factors encoded by a rapidly evolving X-linked homeobox gene cluster. <i>LINE1</i> transposition is repressed by many members of this RHOX transcription factor family, including those with different patterns of expression during spermatogenesis. One family member-RHOX10-suppresses <i>LINE1</i> transposition during fetal development in vivo when the germline would otherwise be susceptible to <i>LINE1</i> activation because of epigenetic reprogramming. We provide evidence that RHOX10 suppresses LINE transposition by inducing <i>Piwil2</i>, which encodes a key component in the Piwi-interacting RNA pathway that protects against TEs. The ability of RHOX transcription factors to suppress <i>LINE1</i> is conserved in humans but is lost in <i>RHOXF2</i> mutants from several infertile human patients, raising the possibility that loss of <i>RHOXF2</i> causes human infertility by allowing uncontrolled <i>LINE1</i> expression in the germline. Together, our results support a model in which the <i>Rhox</i> gene cluster is in an evolutionary arms race with TEs, resulting in expansion of the <i>Rhox</i> gene cluster to suppress TEs in different biological contexts.
Channel Dependent Termination of the Semidefinite Relaxation Detector (2006)

We study the problem of semidefinite relaxation (SDR) for detection of symbols transmitted over a general MIMO channel. In the SDR detector the maximum likelihood detection problem is relaxed into a semidefinite program (SDP) which is solved numerically using an interior-point path-following algorithm. Herein, we provide a criteria which, based on the channel matrix realization, determine the accuracy required by the SDP solver to give a good bit error rate performance of the overall SDR detector. This also reduce the complexity of the SDR detector as it limits the number of interior iterations required in the SDP solver. The performance is demonstrated through simulations
A framework and ontology for dynamic Web services selection (2004)

Current Web services standards lack the means for expressing a service's nonfunctional attributes - namely, its quality of service. QoS can be objective (encompassing reliability, availability, and request-to-response time) or subjective (focusing on user experience). QoS attributes are key to dynamically selecting the services that best meet user needs. This article addresses dynamic service selection via an agent framework coupled with a QoS ontology. With this approach, participants can collaborate to determine each other's service quality and trustworthiness.
Formation of Dihydroxybenzenes in Cigarette Smoke. Part 1. Contribution from Chlorogenic Acid and Rutin (2012)

Abstract Catechol and alkylcatechols are known co-carcinogens present in cigarette smoke. Hydroquinone, although nongenotoxic, can form a metabolite with nephrotoxic properties and is a potential human carcinogen. The formation of dihydroxybenzenes during smoking originates with the pyrolysis of several precursors from tobacco. These include cellulose, chlorogenic acid, rutin, etc. The present study attempts to quantitate the contribution of chlorogenic acid and rutin to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes and of some alkyldihydroxybenzenes. Also it estimates the contribution to the formation of dihydroxybenzenes from other potential precursors including glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellulose, pectin, starch, and lignin. The study was done in three parts: 1. pyrolytic evaluation of the amount of dihydroxybenzenes in smoke generated from isolated potential precursors; 2. analysis of smoke from cigarettes made from a variety of tobaccos (14 single grades) and two blended cigarettes, followed by correlations of dihydroxybenzenes yield with the tobacco content of various suspected precursors; 3. addition of chlorogenic acid or rutin to several tobaccos followed by the smoking of the spiked cigarettes and measurement of dihydroxybenzenes yield increase. The study shows that for a variety of singlegrade cigarettes and for two blended cigarettes (one being the 2R4F Kentucky reference), the contribution of chlorogenic acid and of rutin to the formation of catechol and hydroquinone in smoke depends on the blend. For the 2R4F cigarette, the contribution from chlorogenic acid is 8.7% for catechol, and 7.7% for hydroquinone (for ISO smoking protocol). For the same cigarette, the contribution from rutin is 3.7% for catechol and 5.1% for hydroquinone. The results of the study are in agreement with a previously reported finding indicating that chlorogenic acid contributes about 13% to the catechol formation in smoke for the 1R1 Kentucky reference cigarette. The study results suggest that other components in tobacco, besides chlorogenic acid, rutin, glucose, fructose, sucrose, cellulose, pectin, starch, and lignin are major contributors to the formation of catechol and hydroquinone in cigarette smoke.
A Comparison of learning algorithms on the Arcade Learning Environment (2014)

Reinforcement learning agents have traditionally been evaluated on small toy problems. With advances in computing power and the advent of the Arcade Learning Environment, it is now possible to evaluate algorithms on diverse and difficult problems within a consistent framework. We discuss some challenges posed by the arcade learning environment which do not manifest in simpler environments. We then provide a comparison of model-free, linear learning algorithms on this challenging problem set.
Temperature dependence of magneto-transport properties in Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5)/Cu lateral spin valves (2016)

The non-local spin signals of Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5)/Cu lateral spin valves with sub-micron size dimensions were measured with varying temperatures. The non-local spin signal reaches 54 mΩ at 4 K, while it degrades down to 13 mΩ at room temperature. Analysis based on the one-dimensional spin diffusion model clarifies the dominant source for degrading of the spin signal is suppression of the spin diffusion length in Cu, not the spin polarization, indicating Co2Fe(Ga0.5Ge0.5) keeps half-metallic nature even at room temperature. The temperature dependence of non-local spin signal was found to exhibit a downturn at 36 K. The presence of magnetic impurities, detrimental effect of which becomes more pronounced for diffusive transport in long Cu wires, is suggested to cause the observed downturn in non-local spin signals.
Pulmonary vasoconstriction by serotonin is inhibited byS-nitrosoglutathione (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) functions as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor by activating guanylate cyclase to increase cGMP levels. However, NO and related species may also regulate vascular tone by cGMP-independent mechanisms. We hypothesized that naturally occurring NO donors could decrease the pulmonary vascular response to serotonin (5-HT) in the intact lung through chemical interactions with 5-HT(2) receptors. In isolated rabbit lung preparations and isolated pulmonary artery (PA) rings, 50-250 microM S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) inhibited the response to 0.01-10 microM 5-HT. The vasoconstrictor response to 5-HT was mediated by 5-HT(2) receptors in the lung, since it could be blocked completely by the selective inhibitor ketanserin (10 microM). GSNO inhibited the response to 5-HT by 77% in intact lung and 82% in PA rings. In PA rings, inhibition by GSNO could be reversed by treatment with the thiol reductant dithiothreitol (10 mM). 3-Morpholinosydnonimine (100-500 microM), which releases NO and O simultaneously, also blocked the response to 5-HT. Its chemical effects, however, were distinct from those of GSNO, because 5-HT-mediated vasoconstriction was not restored in isolated rings by dithiothreitol. In the intact lung, neither NO donor altered the vascular response to endothelin, which activates the same second-messenger vasoconstrictor system as 5-HT. These findings, which did not depend on guanylate cyclase, are consistent with chemical modification by NO of the 5-HT(2) G protein-coupled receptor system to inhibit vasoconstriction, possibly by S-nitrosylation of the receptor or a related protein. This study demonstrates that GSNO can regulate vascular tone in the intact lung by a reversible mechanism involving inhibition of the response to 5-HT.
Performance of SOI Pixel Sensors Developed for X-ray Astronomy (2018)

We have been developing monolithic active pixel sensors for X-rays based on the silicon-on-insulator technology. Our device consists of a low-resistivity Si layer for readout CMOS electronics, a high-resistivity Si sensor layer, and a SiO$_2$ layer between them. This configuration allows us both high-speed readout circuits and a thick (on the order of $100~μ{\rm m}$) depletion layer in a monolithic device. Each pixel circuit contains a trigger output function, with which we can achieve a time resolution of $\lesssim 10~μ{\rm s}$. One of our key development items is improvement of the energy resolution. We recently fabricated a device named XRPIX6E, to which we introduced a pinned depleted diode (PDD) structure. The structure reduces the capacitance coupling between the sensing area in the sensor layer and the pixel circuit, which degrades the spectral performance. With XRPIX6E, we achieve an energy resolution of $\sim 150$~eV in full width at half maximum for 6.4-keV X-rays. In addition to the good energy resolution, a large imaging area is required for practical use. We developed and tested XRPIX5b, which has an imaging area size of $21.9~{\rm mm} \times 13.8~{\rm mm}$ and is the largest device that we ever fabricated. We successfully obtain X-ray data from almost all the $608 \times 384$ pixels with high uniformity.
Synthesis of Magnetic Intermetallic FeAl Nanoparticles from a Non-Magnetic Bulk Alloy (2001)

We report the synthesis of intermetallic FeAl nanoparticles using the laser vaporization controlled condensation technique. The nanoparticles have an average particle diameter between 6 and 9 nm. Measurements of the d spacing from X-ray and electron diffraction studies confirm that the FeAl nanoparticles have the same crystal structure (B2) as the bulk FeAl. High-resolution TEM images reveal that the nanoparticles consist of a crystalline core encased within a thin amorphous layer formed upon the exposure of the particles to air. We also report the synthesis of FeAl oxide and carbide nanoparticles. The oxide nanoparticles have the hercynite FeAl2O4 composition and the carbide nanoparticles have the AlFe3C0.5 composition. While the crystalline bulk FeAl (20−30% weight Al) materials are nonmagnetic, the analogues nanoparticles are found to be ferromagnetic even well above room temperature. Coercivities of the order of 50 Oe almost independent of temperature are observed from room temperature down to 40 K, below which the coercivities values increase up to 700 Oe at 5 K. The nanoparticles show a definitive exchange anisotropy effect probably arising from the intersurface anisotropy at the adsorbed oxygen layers on these particles. The observed displacement of the hysteresis loops along the field and the magnetization axes are reversible with the direction of the applied field. The FeAl nanoparticles may lead to a novel form of advanced materials that combine high electrical resistivity, oxidation resistance, ductility and unique magnetic properties.
Development of Co-Continuous Ceramic Composite Materials for Specific Applications (1994)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The process of producing co-continuous ceramic composite material has been investigated in order to provide a greater understanding of the formation mechanism and hence evaluate the viability of commercial applications for these exciting new materials. The ease of manufacture for components combined with the low production cost hold great promise for the production of brake rotors, brake calipers, piston crowns, cylinder liners, gears and turbine compressors.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Practical issues such as bonding to this material, together with the machinability have been addressed, our findings are presented in this paper.&lt;/div&gt;
Sallen-Key polyphase filter design (2008)

Present wireless receiver designs often make use of low intermediate frequency structures for signal reception. These topologies frequently apply polyphase filters for noise and image signal attenuation. When using active-RC implementations of single pole or direct synthesis structures, the number of operational amplifiers and thus power consumption becomes high. To confine the latter, a Sallen-Key based polyphase filter is presented in this paper which reduces the amplifier amount by one half. Furthermore, the system theoretic method used for circuit design is shown. Results are verified by Cadence simulation.