gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopant Activation in Arsenic-Implanted Si by Susceptor-Assisted Low-Temperature Microwave Anneal (2011)

It is important for nanoscale transistors to have abrupt junctions, which are difficult to achieve via high-temperature anneals of implanted semiconductor layers due to undesired dopant diffusion. The use of a single-frequency microwave cavity applicator, along with a SiC-Alumina susceptor/assistor, is suggested as an alternative postimplantation process. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis of microwave-annealed As-implanted Si samples show minimal diffusion, compared to rapid thermal annealed samples. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy confirm damage repair and Si recrystallization upon low-temperature microwave annealing (up to 650°C). Ion channeling and sheet resistance measurements validate dopant relocation and activation. The susceptor is used to provide surface heating to the high-atomic-number <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</i> implanted sample to enable it to absorb microwaves and thereby recrystallize through volumetric heating.
CMOS image sensors just keep getting better (2023)

The CMOS image sensor was invented at Caltech’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory to miniaturize cameras on interplanetary spacecraft. While it took some years for NASA to full adopt the technology, 23 CMOS cameras were on-board the NASA Perseverance Mars lander, rover and helicopter due to their miniature size, mass, power and excellent performance. In this talk, we will trace the path of CMOS image sensors from then until now, including the CMOS Quanta Image Sensor (QIS) for photon counting. The CMOS QIS will be compared to SPAD photon counting sensors and the merits of both will be discussed. Future trends in CMOS image sensors will be discussed and we can speculate about what is on the horizon.
Physiology of the Airways (2019)

This chapter provides an overview of the physiology of the airways excluding that of the nasopharyngeal regions of the airways. Aspects considered relevant to the practical and theoretical application of inhaled substances are emphasized. Many factors beyond the anatomy of the airways are relevant to the therapeutic use of aerosols. The epithelium of the airways is a continuous sheet of cells lining the lumenal surface of the airways. Smooth muscle is separated from the epithelium by the lamina propria, a region of connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels. Mucus hypersecretion results from an increase in the number and/or size of mucous glands and goblet cells in disease states, such as chronic bronchitis. In the central nervous system regulation of airway function, afferent and efferent nerves serving sensory and effector functions, respectively, innervate the airways. The blood supply to the airways of the respiratory zone involves the pulmonary circulation.
Automatic recognition of circuit patterns on semiconductor wafers from multiple scanning electron microscope images (2010)

A technique is proposed for high-precision, automatic recognition of circuit patterns on a semiconductor wafer from multiple scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. This technique uses multiple SEM images obtained by selective detection of secondary and backscattered electrons emitted from a wafer surface irradiated with primary electrons. It automatically detects circuit patterns in these images. The appearances of circuit patterns in SEM images vary widely depending on the structure, the material and the pattern layout. The proposed technique can cope with such a large variation in pattern appearance by adaptively selecting two recognition methods based on pattern structure and pattern density. Other information, such as the images to be processed and the contrast between pattern and non-pattern regions, is also utilized for recognition. The technique provides effective preprocessing for automating defect classification. It is expected to improve the efficacy of process monitoring and yield management in semiconductor device fabrication. Experimental results for five wafers (from which 421 circuit pattern images were obtained) demonstrate that the proposed technique can automatically recognize circuit patterns with an accuracy of 99.8%.
Electrochemical Characteristics of Different Li2FeSiO4 Polymorphs (2010)

Abstract not Available.
LHRH Antagonists (2006)

After almost two decades, the research on LHRH antagonists has produced a number of decapeptides that are currently in clinical studies. The structures of these antagonists, unlike the agonists, differ substantially from that of LHRH. Five of the ten amino acids are unnatural and of D configuration. The structural combination of a hydrophobic N-terminus (residues 1, 2, and 3) and a basic/hydrophilic C-terminus (residues 6 and 8) was thought to be responsible for some HR reactions encountered with the second generation of LHRH antagonists. This side effect was greatly reduced by substituting the appropriate combination of amino acids at positions 5, 6, and 8. The next hurdle in the drug development of LHRH antagonists was solubility and aggregation. In the case of A-75998, water solubility was improved by 12- to 25-fold via substitution of NMeTyr at position 5. However, based on DLS analysis, the aqueous solutions still contained some large aggregates that were not visible to the naked eye. This formation of aggregates was eliminated on formulating A-75998 in Encapsin. In men, a single s.c. dose of 2 mg of A-75998 suppressed T to the castrate levels for over 30 hr. Other LHRH antagonists including ganirelix and cetrorelix are also in phase I/II clinical studies. Clinical studies with cetrorelix in prostate cancer; in vitro fertilization, and benign prostate hypotrophy have been reported.
Redes inalámbricas instantáneas (2010)

Obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASIS) represent a serious morbidity that can cause short- and long-term consequences. It has attracted attention leading to the development of a national guideline by the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG). The aim of this study was to establish the current management of these injuries in hospitals across the UK. An anonymous self-construct questionnaire was posted to clinical directors/lead obstetricians in all hospitals in the UK and a total of 104 out of 233 (44.6%) questionnaires were returned. Over 90% of respondents' hospitals had protocols that required repair in theatre, as well as the prescription of laxatives and antibiotics and included these injuries in the risk management list. More than half of the respondents' hospitals did not have a dedicated perineal trauma clinic or used symptoms and quality of life questionnaires, endoanal scans or anal manometry routinely at follow-up. Over a third of respondents indicated that their units did not provide any training on repair of OASIS and did not have a multidisciplinary meeting involving colorectal surgeons. More effort is needed to improve all these aspects of care.
A new method for urine electrofiltration and long term power enhancement using surface modified anodes with activated carbon in ceramic microbial fuel cells (2020)

This work is presenting for the first time the use of inexpensive and efficient anode material for boosting power production, as well as improving electrofiltration of human urine in tubular microbial fuel cells (MFCs). The MFCs were constructed using unglazed ceramic clay functioning as the membrane and chassis. The study is looking into effective anodic surface modification by applying activated carbon micro-nanostructure onto carbon fibres that allows electrode packing without excessive enlargement of the electrode. The surface treatment of the carbon veil matrix resulted in 3.7 mW (52.9 W m<sup>-3</sup> and 1626 mW m<sup>-2</sup>) of power generated and almost a 10-fold increase in the anodic current due to the doping as well as long-term stability in one year of continuous operation. The higher power output resulted in the synthesis of clear catholyte, thereby i) avoiding cathode fouling and contributing to the active splitting of both pH and ions and ii) transforming urine into a purified catholyte - 30% salt reduction - by electroosmotic drag, whilst generating - rather than consuming - electricity, and in a way demonstrating electrofiltration. For the purpose of future technology implementation , the importance of simultaneous increase in power generation, long-term stability over 1 year and efficient urine cleaning by using low-cost materials, is very promising and helps the technology enter the wider market.
T2‐weighted STIR imaging of myocardial edema associated with ischemia‐reperfusion injury: The influence of proton density effect on image contrast (2011)

In addition to T(2) -weighting, edema detection in the setting of AMI with T(2) -weighted STIR imaging has a substantial contribution from PD changes, likely stemming from increased free-water content within the affected tissue. This suggests that imaging approaches that take advantage of both PD as well as T(2) effects may provide the optimal sensitivity for detecting myocardial edema.
Judecatorul si jurnalul ars (2020)

„Teofil misca spotul pe trotuar, pisoiul continua sa miaune. Omul a trecut lanterna pe fascicolul laser. Lumina a lasat pe alee un fluture de lumina, galben-verzui. Cum a vazut fluturele iluzoriu, pisoiul a inceput sa alerge dupa el. Teofil misca fluturele de laser pe alee, pisoiul alerga in sus si in jos, in toate directiile. Urmarea acea iluzie, era doar un fluture de lumina, o lumina condensata, care zbura oriunde pe asfalt, pe iarba. Pisoiul nu obosea, era pasionat de acel joc, de zborul fluturelui la firul ierbii. Alerga neobosit dupa acea iluzie. Nu-l putea opri nimic din joc. Teofil privea de la balconul sau, de la etajul al doilea, spectacolul. A stat acolo mai mult de douazeci de minute, jucandu-se cu pisoiul, miscand spotul laser pe alee, lasand iluzia ca pune in miscare instinctele animalului. Dupa un timp a inceput sa oboseasca, dar motanul alerga neobosit. Asa suntem si noi oamenii, alergam necontenit dupa o iluzie ... “
Benchmarking confound regression strategies for the control of motion artifact in studies of functional connectivity (2016)

Since initial reports regarding the impact of motion artifact on measures of functional connectivity, there has been a proliferation of confound regression methods to limit its impact. However, recent techniques have not been systematically evaluated using consistent outcome measures. Here, we provide a systematic evaluation of 12 commonly used confound regression methods in 193 young adults. Specifically, we compare methods according to three benchmarks, including the residual relationship between motion and connectivity, distance-dependent effects of motion on connectivity, and additional degrees of freedom lost in confound regression. Our results delineate two clear trade-offs among methods. First, methods that include global signal regression minimize the relationship between connectivity and motion, but unmask distance-dependent artifact. In contrast, censoring methods mitigate both motion artifact and distance-dependence, but use additional degrees of freedom. Taken together, these results emphasize the heterogeneous efficacy of proposed methods, and suggest that different confound regression strategies may be appropriate in the context of specific scientific goals.
Physical Insight Toward Heat Transport and an Improved Electrothermal Modeling Framework for FinFET Architectures (2012)

We report on the thermal failure of fin-shaped field-effect transistor (FinFET) devices under the normal operating condition. Pre- and post failure characteristics are investigated. A detailed physical insight on the lattice heating and heat flux in a 3-D front end of the line and complex back end of line-of a logic circuit network-is given for bulk/silicon-on-insulator (SOI) FinFET and extremely thin SOI devices using 3-D TCAD. Moreover, the self-heating behavior of both the planar and nonplanar devices is compared. Even bulk FinFET shows critical self-heating. Layout, device, and technology design guidelines (based on complex 3-D TCAD) are given for a robust on-chip thermal management. Finally, an improved framework is proposed for an accurate electrothermal modeling of various FinFET device architectures by taking into account all major heat flux paths.
Multipath TCP Extension for Robust Session Establishment (2019)

Multipath TCP extends the plain, single-path limited, TCP towards the
capability of multipath transmission. This greatly improves the
reliability and performance of TCP communication. For backwards
compatibility reasons the Multipath TCP was designed to setup
successfully an initial path first, after which subsequent paths can
be added for multipath transmission. For that reason the Multipath TCP
has the same limitations as the plain TCP during connection setup, in
case the selected path is not functional. This document proposes a
set of implementations and possible combinations thereof, that provide
a more Robust Establishment (RobE) of MPTCP sessions. It includes
RobE_TIMER, RobE_SIM, RobE_eSIM and RobE_IPS. RobE_TIMER is designed
to stay close to MPTCP in that standard functionality is used wherever
possible. Resiliency against network outages is achieved by modifying
the SYN retransmission timer: If one path is defective, another path
is used. RobE_SIM and RobE_eSIM provides the ability to
simultaneously use multiple paths for connection setup. They ensure
connectivity if at least one functional path out of a bunch of paths
is given and offers beside that the opportunity to significantly
improve loading times of Internet services. RobE_IPS provides a
heuristic to select properly an initial path for connection
establishment with a remote host based on empirical data derived from
previous connection information. In practice, these independent
solutions can be complementary used. This document also presents the
design and protocol procedure for those combinations in addition to
the respective stand-alone solutions.
Steady state and transient thermal analysis of hot spots in 3D stacked ICs using dedicated test chips (2011)

3D stacking of dies is a promising technique to allow miniaturization and performance enhancement of electronic systems. The complexity of the interconnection structures, combined with the reduced thermal spreading in the thinned dies and the poorly thermally conductive adhesives complicate the thermal behavior of a stacked die structure. The same dissipation will lead to higher temperatures and a more pronounced temperature peak in a stacked die package compared to a single die package. Therefore, the thermal behavior in a 3D-IC needs to be studied thoroughly. In this paper, a steady state and transient analysis is presented for hot spots in 3D stacked structures. For this analysis, dedicated test chips with integrated heaters and temperature sensors are used to assess the temperature profile in the different tiers of the stack and to investigate the impact of TSVs on the temperature profile. This experimental set-up is used to evaluated and improve the thermal models for the 3D stacks.
Resection after chemoradiotherapy of stage IIIB N3 large cell carcinoma of the lung without tumor cells remaining; a case report. (1995)

症例は49歳女性.胸痛を主訴とし近医より胸部異常陰影を指摘され入院.血清NSE値は17ng/mlと高値を示した.画像診断上, 前胸壁に浸潤する左S3の腫瘤状陰影とともにN3領域に及ぶ広範な縦隔リンパ節の腫大を認め, 左胸腔には胸水が貯留していた.ガリウムシンチグラムでは, 腫瘤に一致した部位と縦隔に高度な集積を認めた.左B3cは表面顆粒状の腫瘍で閉塞しており, 生検により大細胞癌と診断した.なお, 胸水細胞診は陰性であった。cT3N3M0, Stage IIIBと判断し, CDDP, VDS による化学療法と原発巣ならびに両側縦隔に対する放射線照射を同時併用で開始した.骨髄抑制のために化学療法は1クールで中止としたが, 放射線照射は69Gyまで行った。治療により, 腫瘤影の著しい縮小とともにNSE値は正常化しガリウムの異常集積も消失した.良好な補助瘻法の下で局所制御を高めることを目的として, 正中アプローチにてR3bの郭清と左上葉切除を行った.摘出標本の病理組織学的検討では, 腫瘍・リンパ節内には悪性細胞は全く存在せず線維化を伴った瘢痕組織のみであった (ypT0N0M0, Ef. 3).
Technical failures in CT arterial portography. (1993)

Technical failures in CT arterial portography.G D Pond, E C Unger, S H Smyth and Z KartchnerAudio Available | Share
Low B‐cell content is associated with a CD73‐low tumour microenvironment and unfavourable prognosis in classic Hodgkin lymphoma (2023)

B-cell content in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is known to be associated with prognosis. Here we demonstrate that whole slide image analysis using routinely available slides predicts outcomes in patients treated with ABVD in a prospective trial with a high B-cell content being associated with a favourable prognosis. B cells in the TME did not correlate with B cells in peripheral blood. In the TME maturation, stages of B cells (naive and memory) were consistent. However, we detected down-regulation of CD73 in HL with low B cells suggestive of an antibody-independent function of B cells in the TME of HL.
Electrical Modulation of Narrowband GaN/AlGaN Quantum-Well Photonic Crystal Thermal Emitters in Mid-Wavelength Infrared (2019)

Narrowband thermal emitters operating in the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR, 3–8 μm) are important for spectroscopic sensing systems in various fields of research such as chemistry, healthcare, and environmental science. To increase the signal-to-noise ratio in these spectroscopic applications, it is required that only thermal emission in a narrow target wavelength range be modulated electrically while other wavelength components are unmodulated. In addition, an increase of the emitter’s temperature is highly desired for high-power operation in the MWIR. To date, a number of efforts have been put into the demonstration of electrical modulation of thermal emission by using semiconductors, phase-change materials, and graphene. However, these emitters have not achieved selected modulation of narrowband thermal emission in the MWIR at high temperatures. Here, we demonstrate the electrical modulation of a narrowband MWIR thermal emission at high temperatures of up to 500 °C using GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well (MQW) photonic crystals. Our emitter exhibits a narrowband thermal emission (Q = 40) owing to the combination of intersubband absorption in the MQWs and optical resonances of the photonic crystals, the intensity of which can be electrically modulated at high speed (50 kHz) through the control of the electron density in the MQWs. Our demonstration of electrical modulation of MWIR narrowband thermal emitters at high temperature will accelerate the practical use of narrowband thermal emitters in various spectroscopy applications such as optical gas sensors, including CO2 sensors.
On the hand-off arrival process in cellular communications (2003)

Hand-offs in cellular communication systems cause interactions among cells that can be modeled using multi-dimensional birth-death process approaches and the concept of system state. However, exact numerical calculation of traffic performance characteristics is hindered by unmanageably large system state spaces even for systems of modest size. Previous analytical models get around the difficulty by isolating a cell of interest and invoking a Poisson process assumption for hand-off arrivals to the cell. The current paper seeks to explore the interactions in more detail. Two additional approximate analytical models are developed for this purpose. Each of these is more complicated than the simple Poisson process model, but is analytically tractable-at least for small system sizes. One model isolates a cluster of cells (rather than just the cell of interest) from the system and invokes a Poisson process assumption for cells on the cluster periphery. Performance is calculated for the central cell. The second model also isolates a cluster of cells surrounding the cell of interest, but uses an equivalent two-state Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP) to characterize hand-off arrival processes to the cell of interest from each of the neighboring cells. Poisson hand-off arrivals to cells on the cluster periphery are assumed. This approach has fewer states than the cluster approach. It was found that all are in close agreement with the original "single isolated cell, Poisson hand-off arrival model", which requires the least states.
Cooperative Two‐Photon Absorption Enhancement by Through‐Space Interactions in Multichromophoric Compounds (2009)

Space invaders: A series of multichromophores (from dimers to dendritic 24-mers) is synthesized, spectroscopically characterized, and theoretically modeled. Enhancement of the two-photon absorption response depends on the number and distribution of chromophoric subunits (see picture, red) and increases with their proximity. The exciton model indicates purely electrostatic interactions. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplemental Figure S3 from SBI-0640756 Attenuates the Growth of Clinically Unresponsive Melanomas by Disrupting the eIF4F Translation Initiation Complex (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SBI-756 inhibits AKT, mTOR signaling and alters cell cycle.&lt;/p&gt;
The BioStent: Novel Concept for a Viable Stent Structure (2012)

The BioStent concept is a platform technology offering a novel opportunity to generate a viable, self-expanding stent structure with a functional endothelial cell lining. This platform technology can be transferred to different applications depending on the luminal cell lining required.
Most residues on the floor of the antigen binding site of the class I MHC molecule H-2Kd influence peptide presentation (1992)

A panel of 15 single alanine substitutions on the floor of the peptide binding groove of the murine class I histocompatibility molecule H-2Kd has been analyzed. All but two mutant molecules were expressed on the cell surface, and were tested for peptide binding and presentation to specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Eleven out of 13 mutant molecules appeared to be functionally altered. Five of the substituted residues were involved in the presentation of all peptides tested. Three participated in the presentation of certain peptides but not others. Three other residues participated in epitope formation through indirect interactions. Only two mutations had no detectable effect.
Simultaneous determination of ammonia nitrogen and L-glutamine in bioreactor media using flow injection (1993)

A novel split stream flow injection (FI) system suitable for the simultaneous determination of L-glutamine and ammonia nitrogen (ammonia-N) in cell culture media is described. Potentiometric detection of ammonia-N in one portion of the manifold is achieved using a commercial ammonia gas-sensing electrode fitted with a wall-jet cap. L-Glutamine is quantified in the other part of the split sample by potentiometric detection of ammonium ions (by an ammonium-selective polymer membrane electrode), liberated from the hydrolysis of glutamine after the sample flows through a glass bead reactor containing immobilized glutaminase. Endogenous ammonia-N and potassium ions that would normally interfere with the glutamine measurement are removed upstream using a unique tubular cation-exchange unit. Using 50 microliters sample volumes and mixed solutions of ammonium chloride and L-glutamine in Iscove's Modified Dulbecco's Medium to calibrate the FI measuring system, values for ammonia-N and L-glutamine determined for 22 media samples obtained from a bioreactor growing retroviral producer cells correlate well with those measured with commercial, manual enzymic-spectrophotometric assay kits.