gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis on Transmission Efficiency of Evanescent Resonant Coupling Wireless Power Transfer System (2010)

A practical wireless power transmission system consisting of a large rectangular wire loop and a small square wire loop with a parasitic square helical coil is proposed for use as an efficient evanescent resonant coupling wireless power transmission system in an indoor environment. In addition, a full wave-based numerical analysis on the resonant frequency of and the power transmission efficiency of wireless power transmission system are performed in this paper. The effects of the following on power transmission efficiency and the resonant frequency are numerically investigated: The load of the receiving element and the presence of non-resonant objects such as a conducting box or human body. The numerical results show that a power transmission efficiency of nearly 50% can be achieved when the proposed system is used to charge only one user with the optimized load. The results also show that power transmission efficiency is reduced significantly when a human body is in very close proximity to the receiving element. This reduction in efficiency can be alleviated significantly, however, if the relative distance between the receiving element and the human body is greater than 0.5 m or 0.03¿ at a resonant frequency of 19.22 MHz.
Single Plasmonic Nanoparticle Tracking Studies of Solid Supported Bilayers with Ganglioside Lipids (2012)

Single-particle tracking experiments were carried out with gold nanoparticle-labeled solid supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) containing increasing concentrations of ganglioside (GM(1)). The negatively charged nanoparticles electrostatically associate with a small percentage of positively charged lipids (ethyl phosphatidylcholine) in the bilayers. The samples containing no GM(1) show random diffusion in 92% of the particles examined with a diffusion constant of 4.3(±4.5) × 10(-9) cm(2)/s. In contrast, samples containing 14% GM(1) showed a mixture of particles displaying both random and confined diffusion, with the majority of particles, 62%, showing confined diffusion. Control experiments support the notion that the nanoparticles are not associating with the GM(1) moieties but instead most likely confined to regions in between the GM(1) clusters. Analysis of the root-mean-squared displacement plots for all of the data reveals decreasing trends in the confined diffusion constant and diameter of the confining region versus increasing GM(1) concentration. In addition, a linearly decreasing trend is observed for the percentage of randomly diffusing particles versus GM(1) concentration, which offers a simple, direct way to measure the percolation threshold for this system, which has not previously been measured. The percolation threshold is found to be 22% GM(1) and the confining diameter at the percolation threshold only ∼50 nm.
Preoperative lamivudine therapy in HBV DNA positive recipients: is it always necessary? (2007)

Our findings indicate that postoperative combination prophylaxis is effective and that preoperative lamivudine therapy is unlikely to be obligatory despite a positive preoperative serum HBV DNA status.
Molecular Dissection of a Major Gene Effect on a Quantitative Trait: The Level of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Expression in Drosophila melanogaster (1996)

A molecular mapping experiment shows that a major gene effect on a quantitative trait, the level of alcohol dehydrogenase expression in Drosophila melanogaster, is due to multiple polymorphisms within the Adh gene. These polymorphisms are located in an intron, the coding sequence, and the 3' untranslated region. Because of nonrandom associations among polymorphisms at different sites, the individual effects combine (in some cases epistatically) to produce "superalleles" with large effect. These results have implications for the interpretation of major gene effects detected by quantitative trait locus mapping methods. They show that large effects due to a single locus may be due to multiple associated polymorphisms (or sequential fixations in isolated populations) rather than individual mutations of large effect.
Cheminformatics studies to analyze the therapeutic potential of phytochemicals from Rhazya stricta (2017)

<i>Rhazya stricta</i> is a unique medicinal plant source for many indole alkaloids, non-alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes and other unknown molecules with tremendous potential for therapeutic applications against many diseases. In the present article, we generated computational data on predictive properties and activity across two key therapeutic areas of cancer and obesity, and corresponding cheminformatics studies were carried out to examine druggable properties of these alkaloids. Computed physiochemical properties of the 78 indole alkaloids from <i>R. stricta</i> plant using industry-standard scientific molecular modeling software and their predictive anti-cancer activities from reliable web-source technologies indicate their plausible therapeutic applications. Their predictive ADME properties are further indicative of their drug-like-ness. We believe that the top-ranked molecules with anti-cancer activity are clearly amenable to chemical modifications for creating potent, safe and efficacious compounds with the feasibility of generating new chemical entities after pre-clinical and clinical studies.
Hierarchical Constrained Coding for Floating-Gate to Floating-Gate Coupling Mitigation in Flash Memory (2011)

Flash memory comprises of grid of cells arranged in a rectangular lattice. A cell is a floating gate and the information is stored as charge in these floating gates. A multi-level-cell (MLC) can store more than one bit per cell. An ideal programming of a cell consists of injecting just the correct amount of charge in the cell by hot-electron injection. However, due to programming time constraints, some tolerance is accepted and the actual programming voltage is allowed to be within some range of the ideal. While programming a cell, due to the capacitive coupling between neighboring cells, the neighboring cells also get some charge. This phenomenon called as inter-cell-interference (ICI) can be from mild to extreme. Particularly, a cell at the lowest voltage level will pick up a lot of charge if its neighbors are then programmed to the highest level. In order to combat the noise due to ICI, constrained coding is a possible solution. Constrained coding consists of not allowing certain level patterns so that effects of ICI are contained. Constrained coding for solutions which have level information available while decoding all pages has been implemented for flash memory [1]. However, due to read latency requirements, level information may not be available while reading all pages and hence these codes cannot be used. We propose constrained codes which do not need level information while decoding all pages and hence average read latency requirements are met. Error propagation is a crucial degrading factor for constrained decoding and the codes we design are robust to channel noise. A new decoding algorithm which keeps synchronization which is crucial to contain error propagation is also proposed.
Strongly Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance and Defect Physics of Air-Stable Bismuth Oxyiodide (BiOI) (2017)

Bismuth-based compounds have recently gained increasing attention as potentially nontoxic and defect-tolerant solar absorbers. However, many of the new materials recently investigated show limited photovoltaic performance. Herein, one such compound is explored in detail through theory and experiment: bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI). BiOI thin films are grown by chemical vapor transport and found to maintain the same tetragonal phase in ambient air for at least 197 d. The computations suggest BiOI to be tolerant to antisite and vacancy defects. All-inorganic solar cells (ITO|NiO$_x$|BiOI|ZnO|Al) with negligible hysteresis and up to 80% external quantum efficiency under select monochromatic excitation are demonstrated. The short-circuit current densities and power conversion efficiencies under AM 1.5G illumination are nearly double those of previously reported BiOI solar cells, as well as other bismuth halide and chalcohalide photovoltaics recently explored by many groups. Through a detailed loss analysis using optical characterization, photoemission spectroscopy, and device modeling, direction for future improvements in efficiency is provided. This work demonstrates that BiOI, previously considered to be a poor photocatalyst, is promising for photovoltaics.
Uitkomsten van een Nederlandse cohort van zeer vroeg geboren kinderen uit 1983 [Outcome of a Dutch cohort of very preterm infants born in 1983] (2001)

In een samenwerkingsproject van de Nederlandse kinderartsen werden in 1983 perinatale gegevens bijeengebracht over 1338 kinderen, levend geboren na een zwangerschap van minder dan 32 weken en/of met een geboortegewicht onder 1500 g (âProject on preterm and small for gestational age infantsâ, POPS). Hun toestand werd onderzocht na 2 jaar door hun kinderartsen, na 5 jaar door een team van onderzoekers en na 9, 10-11 en 14 jaar door middel van een vragenlijst ingevuld door ouders, leerkrachten en de kinderen zelf. Uit deze 14 jaar naonderzoek bleek dat een gering percentage van deze kinderen (10) een ernstige handicap of beperking had op de schoolleeftijd. Hoewel dus 90 op die leeftijd geen ernstige beperkingen had, ondervond de helft van hen aanzienlijke problemen in het dagelijkse leven. Lichte ontwikkelingsstoornissen en gedrags- en leerstoornissen namen toe naarmate deze kinderen ouder werden. Dergelijke stoornissen kunnen zelfstandig functioneren op volwassen leeftijd ernstig belemmeren. Afwijkingen vastgesteld tijdens gestandaardiseerd neurologisch onderzoek op jonge leeftijd hebben een hoge voorspellende waarde voor deze latere problemen. Vroege signalering van ontwikkelingsstoornissen bij te vroeg geboren kinderen en het vroeg starten van gerichte interventies zouden een belangrijk instrument kunnen zijn om de late gevolgen te beperken.
Functional optimization of fluidic devices with differentiable stokes flow (2020)

We present a method for performance-driven optimization of fluidic devices. In our approach, engineers provide a high-level specification of a device using parametric surfaces for the fluid-solid boundaries. They also specify desired flow properties for inlets and outlets of the device. Our computational approach optimizes the boundary of the fluidic device such that its steady-state flow matches desired flow at outlets. In order to deal with computational challenges of this task, we propose an efficient, differentiable Stokes flow solver. Our solver provides explicit access to gradients of performance metrics with respect to the parametric boundary representation. This key feature allows us to couple the solver with efficient gradient-based optimization methods. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach on designs of five complex 3D fluidic systems. Our approach makes an important step towards practical computational design tools for high-performance fluidic devices.
Dust Morphology and Composition in FU Orionis Systems (2005)

FU Orionis stars are a small group of pre–main-sequence stars known for large-amplitude optical variability. These objects also exhibit multiwavelength phenomena suggestive of active accretion from a circumstellar disk. We present high spatial resolution mid-IR imaging and spectroscopy, submillimeter photometry, and 3–4 μm photometry of four FU Ori–class objects, RNO 1B and C, Z CMa, and Par 21, and one object classified as a pre–FU Ori star, V380 Ori. We resolve multiple IR sources and extended emission in the RNO 1B/C system, and we discuss in detail their association with disk activity and the source of the Infrared Astronomical Satellite far-IR and radio maser emission in this field. We derive dust temperatures and masses for all sources and discuss how dust composition and morphology is related to the evolutionary stage of these objects.
Value of CT angiography for postoperative assessment of patients with iliac artery aneurysms who have received endovascular grafts. (1998)

CT angiography is an accurate method for evaluating endovascular devices. CT angiography can be used as a primary technique for follow-up of patients who have undergone endovascular repair of iliac aneurysms.
Annulus (2020)

Cloud services are deployed in datacenters connected though high-bandwidth Wide Area Networks (WANs). We find that WAN traffic negatively impacts the performance of datacenter traffic, increasing tail latency by 2.5x, despite its small bandwidth demand. This behavior is caused by the long round-trip time (RTT) for WAN traffic, combined with limited buffering in datacenter switches. The long WAN RTT forces datacenter traffic to take the full burden of reacting to congestion. Furthermore, datacenter traffic changes on a faster time-scale than the WAN RTT, making it difficult for WAN congestion control to estimate available bandwidth accurately.
Tobacco mitotic cyclins: cloning, characterization, gene expression and functional assay (1995)

Three cyclin cDNA clones (Ntcyc25, Ntcyc27, Ntcyc29) have been isolated from tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) using the PCR cloning method. The encoded Ntcyc cyclins were highly homologous to mitotic cyclins. In synchronized tobacco suspension cultured cells, the mRNA levels of Ntcyc25 and Ntcyc27 were detectable through S, G2 and M phases, while the Ntcyc29 mRNA was detected from G2 to M phase. These expression patterns classified the Ntcyc25 and Ntcyc27 into A-type cyclin and Ntcyc29 into B-type cyclin. The three genes were expressed in growing tobacco cultured cells but ceased to be expressed when cells entered the stationary phase, indicating that the expression of these cyclin genes was well correlated with cell growth. The N-terminal truncated Ntcyc25 and Ntcyc29 cDNAs were able to rescue G1 cyclin mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while the full-length of Ntcyc27 protein could also partially perform G1 cyclin functions.
Velocity accuracy enhancement and frame rate limitations in color Doppler optical coherence tomography (1998)

Summary form only given. Color Doppler optical coherence tomography (CDOCT) is an innovative extension of optical coherence tomography. CDOCT permits spatially localized blood flow velocity mapping simultaneous with microstructural imaging of living tissue. In CDOCT, longitudinal velocity profiles are estimated by measuring Doppler shifts in localized backscattered light spectra. Velocity images are built up from adjacent axial velocity profiles, which are color coded for velocity magnitude and direction as performed in color Doppler ultrasound. CDOCT could potentially be used for retinal perfusion analysis for diagnosing macular diseases and optimizing treatments of vascular disorders. CDOCT uses an optical heterodyne detection technique based on scanning white light interferometry. Therefore the detector current carrier frequency is the same as the resultant Doppler shift in the received light given by the difference of the Doppler shifts due to the reference mirror velocity and moving scatterers in the sample. The width of the detector current power spectrum is proportional to the product of the net Doppler shift and the light source spectrum width. Light backscattered from a turbid specimen generates a speckle pattern consisting of the sum of partial reflections from many randomly distributed scatterers. As a result, the detector current spectrum measured in CDOCT maybe strongly frequency dependent and is modulated by a postulated transfer function, which encodes information regarding scattering sites.
Quantum Metrology with Strongly Interacting Spin Systems (2020)

Quantum metrology is a powerful tool for explorations of fundamental physical phenomena and applications in material science and biochemical analysis. While in principle the sensitivity can be improved by increasing the density of sensing particles, in practice this improvement is severely hindered by interactions between them. Here, using a dense ensemble of interacting electronic spins in diamond, we demonstrate a novel approach to quantum metrology to surpass such limitations. It is based on a new method of robust quantum control, which allows us to simultaneously suppress the undesired effects associated with spin-spin interactions, disorder, and control imperfections, enabling a fivefold enhancement in coherence time compared to state-of-the-art control sequences. Combined with optimal spin state initialization and readout directions, this allows us to achieve an ac magnetic field sensitivity well beyond the previous limit imposed by interactions, opening a new regime of high-sensitivity solid-state ensemble magnetometers.
Die Vergrößerung des rauben endoplasmatischen Retikulums — ein charakteristischer Zelldefekt bei familiären Hyperlipoproteinämien (1980)

Das arteriosklerotische Erkrankungs- und Todesrisiko ist bei Patienten mit familiären Hyperlipoproteinämien eindeutig gesteigert. Zur Klärung der zugrundeliegenden Pathomechanismen haben Untersuchungen am in vitro-Modell der Zellkultur wesentlich beigetragen. Bisher hatten aber morphologische Veränderungen von Zellorganellen nur wenig Aufmerksamkeit gefunden.
A solid-state [2 + 2] photodimerization involving coordination of Ag(I) ions to 2-pyridyl groups (2018)

Photoreactive Ag(I) complexes of p-toluenesulfonate ions with the unsymmetrical alkene trans-1-(4-acetoxyphenyl)-2-(2-pyridyl)ethylene 1 is reported. The crystal [Ag(p-tol)(1)2]•(H2O) (p-tol = p-toluenesulfonate) undergoes a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction in quantitative yield to afford the head-to-tail (ht) photoproduct rctt-1,3-bis(2-pyridyl)-2,4-bis(4-acetoxyphenyl)cyclobutane 2 regioselectively. The aromatic rings of the olefin participate in face-to-face π–π interactions and adopt an anti-conformation to position the carbon–carbon double bonds (C = C) in a suitable orientation to undergo photoreaction between neighboring complexes.
Design principles for packet parsers (2013)

All network devices must parse packet headers to decide how packets should be processed. A 64 × 10Gb/s Ethernet switch must parse one billion packets per second to extract fields used in forwarding decisions. Although a necessary part of all switch hardware, very little has been written on parser design and the trade-offs between different designs. Is it better to design one fast parser, or several slow parsers? What is the cost of making the parser reconfigurable in the field? What design decisions most impact power and area? In this paper, we describe trade-offs in parser design, identify design principles for switch and router designers, and describe a parser generator that outputs synthesizable Verilog that is available for download. We show that i) packet parsers today occupy about 1-2% of the chip, and ii) while future packet parsers will need to be programmable, this only doubles the (already small) area needed.
Screening for mutations in the exon 26 of the apolipoprotein B gene in hypercholesterolemic finnish families by the single-strand conformation polymorphism method (1994)

To date, the only known apolipoprotein B (apo B) mutation causing hypercholesterolemia is the apo B 3500 Arg-->Gln or the familial defective apo B (FDB) mutation. This mutation has not been detected in the Finnish population. We have set up a systematic single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis-based screening method to search for other mutations in the exon 26 of the apo B gene in 21 Finnish hypercholesterolemic probands. The 7572-bp exon 26 covers half of the coding region of the gene including the DNA sequence coding for the putative low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor binding site on the apo B protein. Exon 26 was amplified as six 1190- to 1435-bp fragments, each of which was further split into three smaller 213- to 579-bp segments by restriction enzymes. These digestion products were run on nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels using at least three different electrophoretic conditions and autoradiographed. All previously known genetic variants in the exon 26 were detected by the SSCP method. A C-->T change at nucleotide 7064, in complete association with the XbaI site, was characterized by direct sequencing. This variant did not affect the amino acid sequence of the apo B protein. The SSCP-based procedure appears suitable for systematic screening for DNA sequence changes in large coding regions.
Building fully functional instant on/off systems by making use of non-volatile RAM (2011)

In this paper we present our experience in building a fully functional computer system that can be turned on and off instantly to zero or minimal power state. This feature is not possible with current (embedded) computer systems such as cellular phones or smartphones that are based on full fledged operating systems, as booting such a system takes a long time. This inconvenience forces users to keep their devices on even when they are not needed causing power wastage, which has become an important social issue. In this paper, we show that system instant on/off can be attained by adopting new nonvolatile RAM, such as PCM or FeRAM, as part of main memory and modifying the operating system appropriately. Our experimental measurements show that our system, on average, turns on in 0.09 seconds and turns off in 1.21 seconds.
Cavitation nucleation in medical ultrasound (2017)

In 1980, Ed Carstensen coauthored the first of several articles on the effects of ultrasound on drosophila [Child, et al., Ultrasound in Med. &amp; Biol., 6, 127-130 (1980)]. As diagnostic ultrasound became an ever-increasing imaging modality, it was important to determine if there were any bioeffects of the relatively high pressure amplitudes, but relatively low time-averaged intensities, used in these systems. Ed and his colleagues discovered that drosophila larvae and eggs, had air channels within them and these channels acted as cavitation nuclei. When it was determined that there were few preexisting gas nuclei present in human tissue, it was assumed that diagnostic ultrasound devices were safe for human use. More recently, therapeutic ultrasound has gained considerable support from the clinical community, and High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) systems have been approved for clinical use. Furthermore, ultrasound contrast agents—stabilized gas bubbles—are also in common use. Accordingly, cavitation can be very important in this application of medical ultrasound. Recently, we have examined the source of potential gas nuclei that may give rise to cavitation inception and will report on these studies along with a discussion of Ed’s earlier contributions.
Biochemical Characterization of the Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus Minichromosome Maintenance (MCM) Helicase N-terminal Domains (2004)

Minichromosome maintenance helicases are ring-shaped complexes that play an essential role in archaeal and eukaryal DNA replication by separating the two strands of chromosomal DNA to provide the single-stranded substrate for the replicative polymerases. For the archaeal protein it was shown that the N-terminal portion of the protein, which is composed of domains A, B, and C, is involved in multimer formation and single-stranded DNA binding and may also play a role in regulating the helicase activity. Here, a detailed biochemical characterization of the N-terminal region of the Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus minichromosome maintenance helicase is described. Using biochemical and biophysical analyses it is shown that domain C of the N-terminal portion, located adjacent to the helicase catalytic domains, is required for protein multimerization and that domain B is the main contact region with single-stranded DNA. It is also shown that although oligomerization is not essential for single-stranded DNA binding and ATPase activity, the presence of domain C is essential for helicase activity.