gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of magnetization transfer‐preparation and T2‐preparation for dark‐blood delayed‐enhancement imaging (2020)

Recently developed dark-blood techniques such as Flow-Independent Dark-blood DeLayed Enhancement (FIDDLE) allow simultaneous visualization of tissue contrast-enhancement and blood-pool suppression. Critical to FIDDLE is the magnetization preparation, which accentuates differences between myocardium and blood-pool. Here, we compared magnetization transfer (MT)-preparation and T2-preparation for use with FIDDLE. Variants of FIDDLE were developed with MT- or T2-preparation modules and tested in 35 patients (11 at 1.5 T, 24 at 3 T). Images were acquired with each FIDDLE variant in an interleaved fashion 10 minutes after gadolinium administration with otherwise identical acquisition parameters. Images were visually and quantitatively assessed for artifacts and differences in right ventricle to left ventricle (RV-to-LV) blood-pool suppression. Bright artifacts, reflecting incomplete blood-pool suppression, were frequently observed in the left atrium with T2-preparation FIDDLE at 1.5 and 3 T (82% and up to 100% of patients, respectively). MT-preparation FIDDLE resulted in fewer patients with artifacts (0% at 1.5 T, 22% at 3 T; P < .01). Left atrial blood-pool signal was significantly more homogeneous with MT-preparation than with T2-preparation at 1.5 and 3 T (P < .001 for all comparisons). Visibly different RV-to-LV blood-pool suppression was observed with T2-preparation in 36% of patients at 1.5 T and up to 94% at 3 T. In these patients, RV blood-pool signal was elevated, reducing the conspicuity of the myocardial-RV blood-pool border. Conversely, there were no visible differences in RV-to-LV blood-pool suppression with MT-preparation. Quantitative assessment of differences in blood-pool suppression and blood-pool artifacts was consistent with visual analyses. We conclude that for dark blood-blood delayed-enhancement imaging of the heart, MT-preparation results in fewer bright blood-pool artifacts and more uniform blood-pool suppression than T2-preparation.
Investigation of Natural Cementation to Mitigate Corrosion-Promoting Characteristics of Unsurfaced Roadways : Final Report on Project F10-AR06 (2018)

Military ground vehicles operate in a variety of harsh terrains that subject their undercarriages and coatings to serious corrosion risk from abrasion by dust and impacts by gravel and rocks. This type of damage occurs on U.S. military service roads on training lands and in overseas areas of operation. Current expedient construction methods for such roads can be improved to reduce vehicle corrosion hazards by developing naturally cementitious material blends that effectively stabilize native soils. This report describes field and laboratory tests of an alkali-activated natural cement blend containing no Portland cement, which is costly to procure and transport to the remote locations where expedient roads are missionrequired. The material, described as a roller-compacted chemically bound soil (RCCBS) technology, consists of local basalt aggregate from the demonstration site plus fly ash, imported lime, slag, and soda ash. This material was used to construct two small test slabs at a Hawaii Army installation using different paving equipment. Also, a quarter-mile road bed was prepared for a production-scale batch, but the demonstration could not be completed because the RCCBS flash-set in the batch mixer and was unusable. The project return on investment was zero, and RCCBS cannot be recommended for use.
Mechanical Properties of Subchondral Cancellous Bone of the Radial Head (2003)

There were no differences in mean indentation modulus across all 4 quadrants (AL, 55.56 +/- 16.20 MPa; AM, 53.48 +/- 20.67 MPa; PM, 49.20 +/- 18.31 MPa; PL, 49.96 +/- 14.97 MPa) (P > 0.05). The AM quadrant had higher local yield strength than the PL and PM quadrants, as did the AL compared with the PL quadrant (AL, 24.89 +/- 8.52 Mpa; AM, 28.39 +/- 10.52 Mpa; PM, 23.01 +/- 6.99; PL, 20.62 +/- 4.83 MPa) (P < 0.05). This suggests that the high frequency of radial head fractures in the AL quadrant is likely not due to the local strength of cancellous bone. Rather, the location of fracture may be influenced by the composite strength or the mechanisms of loading at the radiocapitellar and proximal radioulnar joints. The modulus results suggest that similar screw purchase can be achieved in all areas of the radial head during internal fixation of fractures. These results may also influence implant design and fixation. This study was limited to an older population and may not be representative of a younger population.
VP8, the Major Tegument Protein of Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Is Partially Packaged during Early Tegument Formation in a VP22-Dependent Manner (2021)

Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is a major cause of rhinotracheitis and vulvovaginitis in cattle. VP8, the major tegument protein of BoHV-1, is essential for viral replication in the host. VP8 is phosphorylated by the viral kinase US3, mediating its translocation to the cytoplasm. VP8 remains nuclear when not phosphorylated. Interestingly, VP8 has a significant presence in mature BoHV-1YmVP8, in which the VP8 phosphorylation sites are mutated. This suggests that VP8 might be packaged during primary envelopment of BoHV-1. This was investigated by mass spectrometry and Western blotting, which showed VP8, as well as VP22, to be constituents of the primary enveloped virions. VP8 and VP22 were shown to interact via co-immunoprecipitation experiments, in both BoHV-1-infected and VP8-transfected cells. VP8 and VP22 also co-localised with one another and with nuclear lamin-associated protein 2 in BoHV-1-infected cells, suggesting an interaction between VP8 and VP22 in the perinuclear region. In cells infected with VP22-deleted BoHV-1 (BoHV-1ΔUL49), VP8 was absent from the primary enveloped virions, implying that VP22 might be critical for the early packaging of VP8. In conclusion, a novel VP22-dependent mechanism for packaging of VP8 was identified, which may be responsible for a significant amount of VP8 in the viral particle.
Americas Antibody Congress (2009)

The Americas Antibody Congress, organized by Terrapinn, was held in Washington, D.C. on September 21-23, 2009. The conference sessions were expertly moderated by Herren Wu (MedImmune), and featured 26 speakers who discussed a wide variety of topics relevant to antibody research and development. In addition to the presentations, the conference included four panel sessions during which unscripted dialog between panelist and the audience was encouraged. The topics of the panel sessions were: (1) identifying antibody targets; (2) strategies to assess immunogenicity; (3) antibody drug conjugates; (4) next generation protein types.
Bromamine T (BAT) Exerts Stronger Anti-Cancer Properties than Taurine (Tau) (2021)

BAT and Tau exerted their anti-tumor properties through the induction of (i) mitochondrial apoptosis, (ii) the MAPK family, and iii) autophagy, providing novel anti-cancer therapeutic modalities.
Preface (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceRobin D. RogersRobin D. RogersCenter for Green Manufacturing Box 870336 The University of Alabama Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 Telephone: +1 205-348-4323 Fax: +1 205-348-0823 Email: [email protected] URL: http://bama.ua.edu/~rdrogers/More by Robin D. Rogers and Kenneth R. SeddonKenneth R. SeddonQUILL Research Centre The Queen's University of Belfast Stranmillis Road Belfast, Northern Ireland BT9 5AG United Kingdom Telephone: +44 28 90975420 Fax: +44 28 90665297 Email: [email protected] URL: http://quill.qub.ac.uk/More by Kenneth R. SeddonDOI: 10.1021/bk-2005-0901.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):March 15, 2005Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 15 March 2005Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2005 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Ionic Liquids III A: Fundamentals, Progress, Challenges, and Opportunitiespp xiii-xivACS Symposium SeriesVol. 901ISBN13: 9780841238930eISBN: 9780841220195Chapter Views329Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (390 KB) Get e-Alerts
Patient Derived Colonoids as Drug Testing Platforms–Critical Importance of Oxygen Concentration (2021)

Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is challenging, with a series of available drugs each helping only a fraction of patients. Patients may face time-consuming drug trials while the disease is active, thus there is an unmet need for biomarkers and assays to predict drug effect. It is well known that the intestinal epithelium is an important factor in disease pathogenesis, exhibiting physical, biochemical and immunologic driven barrier dysfunctions. One promising test system to study effects of existing or emerging IBD treatments targeting intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is intestinal organoids ("mini-guts"). However, the fact that healthy intestinal epithelium is in a physiologically hypoxic state has largely been neglected, and studies with intestinal organoids are mainly performed at oxygen concentration of 20%. We hypothesized that lowering the incubator oxygen level from 20% to 2% would recapitulate better the <i>in vivo</i> physiological environment of colonic epithelial cells and enhance the translational value of intestinal organoids as a drug testing platform. In the present study we examine the effects of the key IBD cytokines and drug targets TNF/IL17 on human colonic organoids (colonoids) under atmospheric (20%) or reduced (2%) O<sub>2</sub>. We show that colonoids derived from both healthy controls and IBD-patients are viable and responsive to IBD-relevant cytokines at 2% oxygen. Because chemokine release is one of the important immunoregulatory traits of the epithelium that may be fine-tuned by IBD-drugs, we also examined chemokine expression and release at different oxygen concentrations. We show that chemokine responses to TNF/IL17 in organoids display similarities to inflamed epithelium in IBD-patients. However, inflammation-associated genes induced by TNF/IL17 were attenuated at low oxygen concentration. We detected substantial oxygen-dependent differences in gene expression in untreated as well as TNF/IL17 treated colonoids in all donors. Further, for some of the IBD-relevant cytokines differences between colonoids from healthy controls and IBD patients were more pronounced in 2% O<sub>2</sub> than 20% O<sub>2</sub>. Our results strongly indicate that an oxygen concentration similar to the <i>in vivo</i> epithelial cell environment is of essence in experimental pharmacology.
Selective Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde to Crotyl Alcohol over Metal Oxide Modified Ir Catalysts and Mechanistic Insight (2016)

The scope of metal oxide modified noble metal (M+M′Ox) catalysts was scrutinized in the hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde to crotyl alcohol as a model reaction under mild reaction conditions (303 K, 0.8 MPa, water solvent), demonstrating that MoOx, WOx, NbOx, FeOx and ReOx are effective metal oxides for Ir/SiO2 to enhance both the activity and selectivity, although the optimized (metal oxide)/(Ir metal) molar ratio depends on the metal oxide. MoOx modified Ir/SiO2 catalyst (Ir-MoOx/SiO2 (Mo/Ir = 1)) was the most efficient, providing a high yield of crotyl alcohol (90%) and a high TOF (217 h–1). The catalytic activity under such mild reaction conditions is the highest among the reported heterogeneous catalysts. These results showed that modification of active metals with an appropriate amount of metal oxides is an effective method for the development of efficient catalysts for selective hydrogenations. The reaction mechanism over the metal oxide modified Ir catalysts was investigated using Ir-ReOx/SiO2 (Re/Ir = 1) as a model catalyst by means of FTIR studies on H2/D2 adsorption, crotonaldehyde adsorption, and temperature-programmed desorption of crotonaldehyde, and kinetic studies on effects of H2 pressure and crotonaldehyde concentration, isotopic effect of hydrogen (VH2/VD2), and comparison of reactivities between the aldehyde group and olefin group using various substrates. The reaction proceeds via four steps: (i) adsorption of crotonaldehyde on ReOx species, (ii) generation of hydride species from H2 on Ir metal species, (iii) hydride attack to the crotonaldehyde adspecies, and (iv) desorption of the produced crotyl alcohol, and the third step is the rate-determining step. Ir metal plays a role in the generation of hydride (H–) species from H2, leading to the high selectivity to crotyl alcohol, and ReOx plays a role in promotion of crotonaldehyde adsorption, leading to the proximity of crotonaldehyde to the active site and activation of the aldehyde group, which results in high activity and further improvement in the selectivity.
Commande en boucle ouverte de position d'un moteur synchrone pour accumulateur électromécanique d'énergie (2002)

International audience
Steering control of a mobile robot using insect antennae (2002)

A male silk moth (Bombyx mori) pursues a female by following a pheromone, called Bombycol. This action is caused by only a few molecules of pheromone which arrive at the antenna of a male silk moth. The antenna has very sharp sensitivity and specificity. In this paper, the use of a biological sensor is discussed as a new type of sensor, in other words "living sensors". The electrical activity of a silk moth antenna, called the electroantennogram (EAG) was obtained using self-made electrodes and amplifier. Two pheromone sensors were attached to a simple mobile robot to determine the direction of a pheromone trace. From this information, we were able to control the direction of the robot. The robot followed the pheromone trace just like a real male silk moth.
TRILL Resilient Distribution Trees (2013)

TRILL protocol provides layer 2 multicast data forwarding using IS-IS
link state routing. Distribution trees are computed based on the link
state information through Shortest Path First calculation. When a link
on the distribution tree fails, a campus-wide recovergence of this
distribution tree will take place, which can be time consuming and may
cause considerable disruption to the ongoing multicast service. This
document proposes to build the backup distribution tree to protect
links on the primary distribution tree. Since the backup distribution
tree is built up ahead of the link failure, when a link on the primary
distribution tree fails, the pre-installed backup forwarding table
will be utilized to deliver multicast packets without waiting for the
campus-wide recovergence, which minimizes the service disruption.
High-resolution 3D shape measurement with extended depth of field using fast chromatic focus stacking (2022)

Close-range 3D sensors based on the structured light principle have a constrained measuring range due to their depth of field (DOF). Focus stacking is a method to extend the DOF. The additional time to change the focus is a drawback in high-speed measurements. In our research, the method of chromatic focus stacking was applied to a high-speed 3D sensor with 180 fps frame rate. The extended DOF was evaluated by the distance-dependent 3D resolution derived from the 3D-MTF of a tilted edge. The conventional DOF of 14 mm was extended to 21 mm by stacking two foci at 455 and 520 nm wavelength. The 3D sensor allowed shape measurements with extended DOF within 44 ms.
Author response: RNA-guided assembly of Rev-RRE nuclear export complexes (2014)

HIV is a virus that causes the immune system of an infected person to gradually fail, which can eventually result in AIDS. The virus consists of an RNA molecule—which encodes its genetic information—surrounded by coats of proteins. Once HIV enters a host cell, its RNA genome is converted into a DNA molecule, which travels to the nucleus and becomes part of the host's genome. The integrated viral genome can remain dormant for an extended period before the virus starts to replicate. HIV replication begins with the production of RNA copies of the viral genome. For certain types of viral RNA molecules to be translated and packaged into new virus particles they need to be exported from the nucleus as part of the ‘nuclear–export complex’. This is made up of: a HIV RNA molecule, a HIV protein called Rev, and two host proteins. Formation of the nuclear–export complex begins with multiple copies of the Rev protein attaching to specific stretches of the viral RNA, but how the Rev proteins assemble on the RNA molecule was previously unclear. Bai et al. have now used both structural and biochemical techniques to dissect the individual steps in this process. First, Rev proteins rapidly bind to a pre-formed region of the RNA molecule where multiple binding sites are compactly organized. This causes the overall shape of the RNA to change, and exposes a previously hidden extra binding site for Rev proteins. More Rev proteins then quickly bind to the newly exposed site, before finally the two host proteins bind and the whole complex is exported from the nucleus. Bai et al. propose that checkpoints during this two-step assembly process are required to ensure that Rev proteins specifically bind to viral RNAs, and that such checkpoints may be important for controlling viral replication. The findings of Bai et al. may, in future, help to develop new drugs that treat HIV infection by blocking the export of the virus from the nucleus and thus inhibiting HIV replication.
When the ICU patient refuses vital supports. (2003)

The aim of this paper is to discuss the problem of caring for ICU patients who request forgoing of intensive supports; in particular, evaluating their competence and building effective relationships among the patients themselves, their relatives and the health care team. The histories of 2 adult competent ICU patients 2 asked that vital intervention be forgone are presented, together with the discussion of problems posed by such a request and of possible solutions which respect patients' autonomy and bystanders needs. These patients were hospitalized in an Italian general 14 bed ICU. The patients' request were weighted against their prognosis and their view of life, in order to evaluate their reliability. Also the refusal of either treatment or outcome was evaluated, in order to effectively safeguard the patients' interests. The request of one patient was satisfied and he was allowed to die, after all the involved people had understood and accepted the final decision. The second patient, who was somehow forced to undergo intensive treatment, is alive and satisfied with having been cured. In Italy too, autonomy is an increasingly applied principle in end-of-life decisions in ICUs. It is usually tempered by a consideration about the patients' best interest as perceived by involved bystanders.
A Data-Driven Exploratory Approach for Level Curve Estimation With Autonomous Underwater Agents (2017)

This contribution presents a method to estimate environmental boundaries with mobile agents. The agents sample a concentration field of interest at their respective positions and infer a level curve of the unknown field. The presented method is based on support vector machines (SVMs), whereby the concentration level of interest serves as the decision boundary. The field itself does not have to be estimated in order to obtain the level curve which makes the method computationally very appealing. A myopic strategy is developed to pick locations that yield most informative concentration measurements. Cooperative operations of multiple agents are demonstrated by dividing the domain in Voronoi tessellations. Numerical studies demonstrate the feasibility of the method on a real data set of the California coastal area. The exploration strategy is benchmarked against random walk which it clearly outperforms.
Lossless Information Fusion for Active Ranging and Detection Systems (2006)

The authors develop a centralized information fusion architecture from basic principles of information theory and Bayesian statistics. It is well known that any clustering, quantizing, or thresholding of data causes loss of information unless a sufficient statistic is computed in the processing. For the case of wideband active ranging systems, the coherent output of an optimum beamformer and a matched filter is a sufficient statistic that can be transmitted to the fusion center. For unknown target velocity, range, and bearing, the wideband space-time matched filter output can be interpreted as a multidimensional wavelet transform or a delay-scale-bearing map. In this paper, a Bayesian, joint estimation-detection approach is used for computation of sufficient statistics and multisensor information fusion. An approach borrowed from sequential Bayesian processing is used to compute prior densities for joint Bayesian estimation-detection. In this approach, a posteriori densities become priors after a coordinate transformation that transforms the outputs of each sensor to a common reference frame for all sensors. Reproducing prior densities are used to simplify Bayesian computation
Improvement of High-Speed Oxide-Confined Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (2004)

High-speed vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers that could be modulated up to 10 Giga-bit-per-second (Gbps) were accomplished by using additional proton implantation to reduce the parasitic capacitance. The eye diagram of the implanted device shows a noticeable improvement when compared with those devices without implantation. In contrast to previous reports, moreover, the output power-current-voltage ( L - I - V ) characteristics of the fabricated devices in this study show excellent consistency between before and after implantation. The high-temperature lifetime of devices fabricated with a similar process has already exceeded 8100 h up to the present day.
Software Tools to Simplify the Transfer of a Lens Design to Manufacturing (2017)

Software tools for creating ISO standard documents and machine code for freeform surface fabrication are currently being developed. These tools simplify the transition from design to manufacturing, increasing speed, simplicity and accuracy.