gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directional Self‐Assembly of Fluorinated Star Block Polymer Thin Films Using Mixed Solvent Vapor Annealing (2019)

ABSTRACT We demonstrate the directional alignment of perpendicular‐lamellae domains in fluorinated three‐armed star block polymer (BP) thin films using solvent vapor annealing with shear stress. The control of orientation and alignment was accomplished without any substrate surface modification. Additionally, three‐armed star poly(methyl methacrylate‐block‐styrene) [PMMA‐PS] and poly(octafluoropentyl methacrylate‐block‐styrene) were compared to their linear analogues to examine the impact of fluorine content and star architecture on self‐assembled BP feature sizes and interdomain density profiles. X‐ray reflectometry results indicated that the star BP molecular architecture increased the effective polymer segregation strength and could possibly facilitate reduced polymer domain spacings, which are useful in next‐generation nanolithographic applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57, 1663–1672
Wurster's Crowns:  A Comparative Study of ortho- and para-Phenylenediamine-Containing Macrocyclic Receptors (2007)

Two series of isomeric, redox-responsive azacrown ethers based on ortho- and para-phenylenediamine (Wurster's crowns) have been synthesized and their properties explored through 13C NMR spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray crystallography. These crowns display strong affinity for alkali metal cations while maintaining comparable selectivity profiles to the parent crown ethers from which they are derived. Like Wurster's reagent (N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine or para-TMPD), the para-Wurster's crowns undergo two reversible one-electron oxidations. The integrity of the alkali metal ion complexes is maintained in the neutral and singly oxidized ligand states but not after removal of two electrons. In contrast, the oxidation of ortho-Wurster's crowns is scan rate dependent, occurring at potentials substantially higher than their para counterparts, with their complexes oxidizing irreversibly. X-ray crystal structures of representative complexes show, in all cases, participation of the redox-active phenylenediamine subunits in complex formation via direct bonding to the guest cation.
Model Peptides Provide New Insights into the Role of Histidine Residues as Potential Ligands in Human Cellular Copper Acquisition via Ctr1 (2011)

Cellular acquisition of copper in eukaryotes is primarily accomplished through the Ctr family of copper transport proteins. In both humans and yeast, methionine-rich "Mets" motifs in the amino-terminal extracellular domain of Ctr1 are thought to be responsible for recruitment of copper at the cell surface. Unlike yeast, mammalian Ctr1 also contains extracellular histidine-rich motifs, although a role for these regions in copper uptake has not been explored in detail. Herein, synthetic model peptides containing the first 14 residues of the extracellular domain of human Ctr1 (MDHSHHMGMSYMDS) have been prepared and evaluated for their apparent binding affinity to both Cu(I) and Cu(II). These studies reveal a high affinity Cu(II) binding site (log K = 11.0 ± 0.3 at pH 7.4) at the amino-terminus of the peptide as well as a high affinity Cu(I) site (log K = 10.2 ± 0.2 at pH 7.4) that utilizes adjacent HH residues along with an additional His or Met ligand. These model studies suggest that the histidine domains may play a direct role in copper acquisition from serum copper-binding proteins and in facilitating the reduction of Cu(II) to the active Ctr1 substrate, Cu(I). We tested this hypothesis by expressing a Ctr1 mutant lacking only extracellular histidine residues in Ctr1-knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Results from live cell studies support the hypothesis that extracellular amino-terminal His residues directly participate in the copper transport function of Ctr1.
Highly Ordered Inverse Opal Structures Synthesized from Shape‐Controlled Nanocrystal Building Blocks (2021)

Three-dimensional ordered porous materials known as inverse opal films (IOFs) were synthesized using nanocrystals with precisely defined morphologies. Comprehensive theoretical and experimental studies of the volume fraction ratio and electrostatic interactions between nanocrystals and polystyrene templating particles enabled the formation of highly ordered crack-free photonic structures. The synthetic strategy was first demonstrated using titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub> ) nanocrystals of different shapes and then generalized to assemble nanocrystals of other functional materials, such as indium tin oxide and zinc-doped ferrite. Tunable photocatalytic activity of the TiO<sub>2</sub> IOFs, modulated through the choice of the shape of TiO<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals in conjunction with selecting desired macroscopic features of the IOF, was further explored. In particular, enhanced activity is observed for crack-free, highly ordered IOFs whose photonic properties can improve light absorption via the slow light effect. This study opens new opportunities in designing multi-length-scale porous nanoarchitectures having enhanced performance in a variety of applications.
Local Structure of Directly Synthesized L1$_0$FePt Nanoparticles (2006)

The FePt particles synthesized by polyol process using tetraethylene glycol (TEG) as reducing agent at reaction temperatures 200degC and 300degC are superparamagnetic and ferromagnetic, respectively. The crystal structure of these particles is analyzed using XRD, XAS, and ASAXS to understand the formation of these particles at different heating temperatures. The results suggest that at 200degC particles with Pt rich FePt core and amorphous shell rich in Fe are formed. However, when the reaction solution is annealed at 300degC, sintering of several small particles occur. On the other hand, when hexachloroplatinum as nucleation control agent and a carboxylic acid as complex agent was added into the reaction solution, homogeneous alloy FePt particles with relatively large grain size of about 8 nm were obtained. In the process of forming the alloy nanoparticles, precipitated small particles were sintered at the amorphous interface and crystallization progresses along with ordering resulting in the formation of partially ordered ferromagnetic FePt
Increasing Tumor Accessibility with Conjugatable Disulfide-Bridged Tumor-Penetrating Peptides for Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment (2015)

Tumor-homing peptides with tissue-penetrating properties increase the efficacy of targeted cancer therapy by delivering an anticancer agent to the tumor interior. LyP-1 (CGNKRTRGC) and iRGD (CRGDKGPDC) are founding members of this class of peptides. The presence of the cysteines forming the cyclizing disulfide bond complicates conjugation of these peptides with other molecules, such as drugs. Here, we report the synthesis of conjugatable disulfide-bridged peptides and their conjugation to biologically important molecules. We have synthesized the LyP-1, iRGD, and CRGDC (GACRGDCLGA) peptides with a cysteine or maleimidohexanoic acid added externally at N-terminus of the sequences. Subsequent conjugation to payloads yielded stable compounds in which the tumor-homing properties of the peptide and the biological activity of the payload were retained.
Towards high resolution membrane‐based pharmaceutical separations (2012)

Abstract BACKGROUND In this work the possibility of using membrane cascades to carry out difficult pharmaceutical separations was explored. The effect of configuration on process yield, time and cost was studied for a challenging industrial separation: the separation of an intermediate I (MW 221 g mol −1 ) from an impurity, ethylene bromide (MW 188 g mol −1 ). RESULTS All cascade configurations studied were capable of increasing the purity from a fairly low value, namely 26% to the 90% requirement. The results from the cascade modeling showed that the product yield effectively increased from 35.5% to 84.3% by adding two stages. From a cost analysis of a kilo scale plant it was derived that a two‐stage cascade with large area modules yielded the smallest total cost of € 515 082. A 7.0% decrease in cost of product loss or a 7.6% increase in membrane skid cost rendered a single stage economically optimal despite the low product yields. However, if at least six other separations with a comparable process time are carried out each year, then even three stages become economically optimal. CONCLUSION High resolution separations are technically feasible with membrane cascades. The economic viability of membrane cascades increases dramatically with the cost of the product and the utilization of the equipment. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
MRI of insulitis in autoimmune diabetes (2002)

Development of imaging techniques that would allow the mapping of immune cells in vivo could greatly aid our understanding of a number of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. The current study focused on imaging of autoimmune destruction of the insulin-producing pancreatic beta-cells by cytotoxic lymphocytes, the cause of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM; Type 1 diabetes). Using high-resolution MR microscopy and a conventional clinical MR imaging system, it was possible to visualize the infiltration of immune cells in the diabetic mouse pancreas. Mouse lymphocytes were visualized by magnetically labeling them with recently developed magnetic nanoparticles (CLIO-Tat). The results from this study could potentially lead to detection of immune infiltration during diabetes formation in vivo, which would be one of the earliest parameters of disease development.
Microstructure and critical current density of zone melt textured YBa2Cu3O6+x/Y2BaCuO5 with BaSnO3 additions (1991)

Additions of BaSnO3 have been made to YBa2Cu3O6+x/Y2BaCuO5 composite wires to examine its potential for improving solidification processing and enhancing pinning. Zone melting has been used to produce texture in extruded YBa2Cu3O6+x (Y-123) wires with Y2BaCuO5(211) and BaSnO3 additions. BaSnO3 additions markedly improve the magnetization properties over similarly textured Y-123 or Y-123+211 wires in low fields, but do not show a noticeable improvement at higher fields (≳2 T). Microstructural effects of BaSnO3 include the growth of much larger Y-123 grains, and a substantial reduction in size of 211 precipitates. Magnetic critical current densities (Jc) in excess of 1.2×105 A/cm2 in zero field, and 3.0×104 A/cm2 at 1 T are observed.
Cenicriviroc Treatment for Adults With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis and Fibrosis: Final Analysis of the Phase 2b CENTAUR Study (2020)

CVC was well tolerated, and year 2 data corroborate antifibrotic findings from year 1. The majority on CVC who achieved fibrosis response at year 1 maintained it at year 2, with greater effect in advanced fibrosis. ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02217475 (CENTAUR).
Developing parallel applications using high-performance simulation (1993)

article Free Access Share on Developing parallel applications using high-performance simulation Authors: Eric A. Brewer MIT Laboratory for Computer Science MIT Laboratory for Computer ScienceView Profile , William E. Weihl MIT Laboratory for Computer Science MIT Laboratory for Computer ScienceView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGPLAN NoticesVolume 28Issue 12Dec. 1993 pp 158–168https://doi.org/10.1145/174267.168848Published:01 December 1993Publication History 16citation297DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads297Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Interval Pressure Transient Testing with MDT Packer-Probe Module in Horizontal (1998)

Abstract In this paper, the use of various pressure measurements is investigated for determining formation pressure as well as permeability distribution by using the Multiprobe Formation Tester Packer and Probe Modules in horizontal wells. It is shown that reservoir pressure measurements along the wellbore give local as well as reservoir scale information about how the reservoir is being depleted and how cleanup takes place. The estimation of horizontal and vertical permeabilities. skin, and reservoir pressure along the wellbore is also presented by using interval (local) pressure transient tests. For the Multiprobe Formation Packer and Probe Modules in horizontal wells, an interpretation methodology is presented for determining the reservoir parameters. A few interval pressure transient test examples are presented for both formation pressure and permeability distribution. P. 205
Does downstaging in patients (pts) with IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a response to induction chemotherapy (ICT) influence outcome with surgery (S) or radiotherapy (RT)? An exploratory analysis of EORTC 08941 (2006)

7047 Background: In EORTC 08941, no difference in overall and progression free survival was observed in 332 pts with irresectable stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC, treated with either S or RT after a response to platinum-based ICT (van Meerbeeck, JCO 2005; 23, 1095s). Postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) was given to 40% of pts. In the S-pts, non-randomized exploratory comparisons showed a statistically significant benefit in outcome for (bi-)lobectomy vs. pneumonectomy (p = 0.0088) and for mediastinal lymphnodes (MLN) downstaged vs.non-downstaged pts (p = 0.0009). No difference was observed between S-pts treated with/without PORT. By randomizing after response to ICT, MLN-downstaging is assumed to be equally distributed among both treatment groups but cannot be formally retrieved in RT-pts. In order to compare the influence of MLN-downstaging in each treatment arm, we estimated in an exploratory analysis the outcome in subsets of S-pts and matched paired subsets of RT-pts. Methods: The subsets of 129 actually resected S-pts are defined as follows: (i) pts with MLN-downstaging at resection, (ii) pts without MLN-downstaging. Each subset was compared to a randomly selected subset of 154 actually irradiated RT-pts, matched on 4 baseline factors: histological subtype, gender, T stage, response to ICT. Kaplan-Meier estimates for overall survival (OS) and logrank p-values were then computed. Results: A match was feasible for 54/61 downstaged, 59/68 non-downstaged pts. Estimated OS (with 95% CI) for each S-subset and RT-matched pair subset is in the table . Conclusions: From these exploratory analyses, it appears that: 1. RT improves OS in MLN-non-downstaged pts; 2. S does not improve OS in MLN-downstaged patients. This should however be prospectively assessed. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Exploratory study on the effect of osteoactivin on bone formation in the rat critical‐size calvarial defect model (2011)

Osteoactivin demonstrates a significant potential to support bone regeneration/formation. Studies using discriminating large animal models are necessary to explore clinical application for periodontal and craniofacial indications.
Treatment with 670 nm Light Up Regulates Cytochrome C Oxidase Expression and Reduces Inflammation in an Age-Related Macular Degeneration Model (2013)

Inflammation is an umbrella feature of ageing. It is present in the aged retina and many retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In ageing and in AMD mitochondrial function declines. In normal ageing this can be manipulated by brief exposure to 670 nm light on the retina, which increases mitochondrial membrane potential and reduces inflammation. Here we ask if 670 nm exposure has the same ability in an aged mouse model of AMD, the complement factor H knockout (CFH(-/-)) where inflammation is a key feature. Further, we ask whether this occurs when 670 nm is delivered briefly in environmental lighting rather than directly focussed on the retina. Mice were exposed to 670 nm for 6 minutes twice a day for 14 days in the form of supplemented environmental light. Exposed animals had significant increase in cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which is a mitochondrial enzyme regulating oxidative phosphorylation.There was a significant reduction in complement component C3, an inflammatory marker in the outer retina. Vimetin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, which reflect retinal stress in Muller glia, were also significantly down regulated. There were also significant changes in outer retinal macrophage morphology. However, amyloid beta (Aβ) load, which also increases with age in the outer retina and is pro-inflammatory, did not change. Hence, 670 nm is effective in reducing inflammation probably via COX activation in mice with a genotype similar to that in 50% of AMD patients even when brief exposures are delivered via environmental lighting. Further, inflammation can be reduced independent of Aβ. The efficacy revealed here supports current early stage clinical trials of 670 nm in AMD patients.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Sarcodictyins A (Xa) and B (Xb). (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF SOMATOSTATIN ACTION ON INSULIN RELEASE (1976)

ABSTRACT In man, 3 μg per kg per 90 min of linear somatostatin significantly inhibited basal as well as arginine induced insulin and glucagon release. One μg per kg per 90 min of somatostatin significantly inhibited basal insulin release but not basal glucagon release or arginine induced insulin and glucagon release. In the perfused rat pancreas, as little as one ng per ml of perfusate of somatostatin significantly inhibited arginine induced insulin but not glucagon release, while 10 ng per ml of somatostatin by more than 50 per cent reduced the effect of arginine on insulin and glucagon release. Thus, linear somatostatin seemed to be a slightly more potent inhibitor of insulin than of glucagon release in man and in the perfused rat pancreas.
Physical Effects of Pulse Width Modulation on Valves and Loads (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The rapid advances in computer technology over the past decade have provided the Fluid Power industry with a means of integrating modern control concepts with high performance hydraulic devices such as servo valves. One such concept, pulse width modulation (PWM), has been around for several decades, but it has been only recently that the full potential of the technique has been realized from an application's point of view.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper shall consider the use of pulse width modulation techniques as a means of driving a two-stage flapper type servovalve and load. This work presents both analytical and experimental open loop responses of the valve and load under conditions in which variations from an operating point are substantial. The effects of signal filtration of the modulated input are traced through the valve and load by placing the modulation signal at various locations in the valve. Through dynamic simulation techniques, the effects of pulse width modulation on the response of the load are examined when slip-stick friction effects are included. A method of utilizing pulse width modulation in a “burst” mode is considered as a means of reducing the nonlinear effects associated with slip-stick forces.&lt;/div&gt;
Input Current Harmonics in a Regenerative Multicell Inverter With Single-Phase PWM Rectifiers (2008)

Harmonics are a very important issue in the design and operation of medium-voltage inverter drives, due to restrictions imposed by regulations. This paper studies the harmonics generated by a three-phase multicell cascade inverter, with single-phase pulsewidth modulation rectifiers at the input side of each cell; thus, the entire topology is able to regenerate power to the net. This paper identifies accurately the harmonic generation process in the dc-link voltage, the input current of each cell, and, therefore, at the input side of the inverter. Moreover, this paper proposes a method to reduce and, in some cases, eliminate the input current harmonics, reaching a very high input power factor for any operation condition. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the theoretical analysis.
Cluster Power Variation Estimation for MIMO Channel Modeling in Crowded Indoor Environment (2014)

In recent years, MIMO channel models for the crowded areas such as indoor offices, shops, and outdoor hot spot environments have become a topic of great interest. In the crowded environments, the propagation paths are blocked frequently by users walking around the mobile terminal, and it causes severe shadowing and fading of channel. In this paper, to take the impact of pedestrians on the channel model into consideration, we proposed the estimation method of clusters' power variation properties from the channel sounding data. We carried out the MIMO channel sounding experiments in a cafeteria in a weekday lunch time in the 3 GHz band assuming the use of LTE based cellular systems. We estimated the propagation parameters of clusters from the measured data and estimated the cluster power variation properties. The measurement results showed that the mean cluster power varied from -11.3 dB to 1.3 dB compared to the no pedestrian environment. The mean cluster powers tended to decrease as the clusters' propagation delay increased. The cluster power variation standard deviations. ranged from 0.9 dB to 2.4 dB and the cluster power variation correlation times ranged from 0.7 sec. to 1.1 sec.
3D Visualisation of Biological Species at Hard-Soft Bone Interfaces using Cryo FIB/SEM (2022)

International audience
Detection of Out-Of-Zone Growth in Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracturing by Microseismic Monitoring (2006)

Out-of-zone growth in multi-stage hydraulic fracture treatments can be detected by analysis of microseismic multiplets. This novel technique allows detection of the out-of-zone growth when we observe a repeated hydraulic fracturing of the part of the reservoir which has been fractured in a previous stage (i.e. cross-stage fracturing). The cross-stage fracturing is detected by automated identification of multiplets, i.e. microseismic events with similar source mechanisms and nearly identical locations. We applied multiplet identification to detect the cross-stage fracturing on two hydraulic fracture monitoring datasets (Canyon Sand and Barnett Shale Formations) one of which is described in this paper. We verified this detection method with the initial microseismic events locations. The cross-stage fracturing was detected only a few minutes after the first microseismic events were detected. &lt;br&gt;The computation cost of this new multiplet identification method is a fraction of a second per detected microseismic event, thus making this application suitable for real-time monitoring. The identification of the multiplets provides additional information to the locations of microseismic events and can be used to verify or justify change during hydraulic fracturing treatment. The early detection of the cross-stage fracturing could lead to real-time adjustments of the hydraulic fracturing. &lt;br&gt;