gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (1988)

The relief of coronary obstruction by surgical grafting was the first effective treatment to be directed at the cause of ischemic heart disease. PTCA represents the second major step in relieving coronary stenosis. It seems timely to review where this second step has led in order to understand how percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) relates to surgery and to understand future implications of this procedure. This review will reflect many of the authors biases and prejudices derived from their experience at Mayo Clinic.1 It will also be a somewhat practical assessment. Such a pragmatic approach can be defended because PTCA itself is built on pragmatism. It is more of the world of craftsmen than of the world of scientists. We are still waiting for science to “catch up” to help solve important remaining problems such as the issue of acute rethrombosis and restenosis. Our ability to review the Mayo Clinic experience is made possible only by having a dedicated team of colleagues in the catheterization laboratory and a dedicated support group managing our PTCA Registry. Experience with other large registries (the NHLBI CASS Registry and the PTCA Registry) has taught us that this is a valuable method of collecting and reviewing the experience with a new procedure as it develops. This approach is likely to be more widely applied in the future.
Data-Driven Framework for Real-time Rheological Properties Prediction of Flat Rheology Synthetic Oil-Based Drilling Fluids (2023)

Appropriate mud properties enhance drilling efficiency and decision quality to avoid incidents. The detailed mud properties are mainly measured in laboratories and are usually measured twice a day in the field and take a long time. This prevents real-time mud performance optimization and adversely affects proactive actions. As a result, it is critical to evaluate mud properties while drilling to capture mud flow dynamics. Unlike other mud properties, mud density (MD) and Marsh funnel viscosity (MFV) are frequently evaluated every 15-20 min in the field. The goal of this study is to predict the rheological properties of flat rheology synthetic oil-based mud (SOBM) in real time using machine learning (ML) techniques such as random forest (RF) and decision tree (DT). A proposed approach is followed to first predict the viscometer readings at 300 and 600 RPM (<i>R</i> <sub>600</sub> and <i>R</i> <sub>300</sub>) and then estimate the other mud properties using the existing equations in the literature. A set of data contained MD, MFV, and viscometer readings (<i>R</i> <sub>300</sub> and <i>R</i> <sub>600</sub>) for different samples from the same mud type. The mud samples were collected after going through a shale shaker. MD and MFV are measured by a mud balance and a Marsh funnel, respectively, while rheology is evaluated using a viscometer. The data were randomly split into training, testing, and validation data sets. The ML models' performance was evaluated through average absolute percentage error (AAPE) and correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>). The proposed models predicted the viscometer readings as a middle stage with a low AAPE that did not exceed 4.5% for both models. The suggested models forecasted the rheological properties with a good degree of accuracy, with an AAPE being less than 7% for most of the parameters. The proposed models can save costs and time since there is no need to include additional tools in the rig location. Furthermore, these models will significantly aid in avoiding serious problems and achieving better rig hydraulics and hole cleaning, which in turn will technically and economically enhance drilling operations.
Automatic segmentation of the thalamus using a massively trained 3D convolutional neural network: higher sensitivity for the detection of reduced thalamus volume by improved inter-scanner stability (2022)

• A three-dimensional convolutional neural network was trained for automatic segmentation of the thalamus with a heterogeneous sample of T1w-MRI from 1975 patients scanned on 170 different scanners. • The network provided high accuracy for thalamus segmentation with manual segmentation by experts as ground truth. • Inter-scanner variability of thalamus volume estimates across different MRI scanners was reduced by more than 50%, resulting in increased sensitivity for the detection of thalamus atrophy.
Performance of multi-rate data traffic using variable spreading gain in the reverse link under wideband CDMA (2002)

We analyze the capacity of a variable spreading gain code division multiple access (VSG-CDMA) system. Multi-rate data services will be supported in wideband CDMA systems. VSG-CDMA is one way of implementing multi-rate systems, the other being multi-code CDMA. The integration of voice, low speed data and high speed data is considered in the analysis. We also consider various data rates with different QoS requirements and activity levels. The capacity estimate of this integrated system is the maximum number of concurrent voice users, low speed data users and high speed data users that the system can support while the required QoS and outage probability measures are met. We analytically find the admissible region of multiple services with data rates ranging from 8 kbps to 256 kbps in a wideband CDMA system with 5 MHz bandwidth.
Initial Clinical Experience with MAGNUS Ultra-High-Performance Gradient Coil for Diffusion Microstructure Imaging of Intracranial Pathology (2023)

The MAGNUS ultra-high-performance gradient coil delivers simultaneous 200 mT/m and 500 T/m/s performance on each axis, with higher PNS thresholds than whole-body gradient coils, which is particularly useful for diffusion microstructure imaging. Our initial clinical experience with the MAGNUS research scanner has successfully identified white matter abnormalities (? intra-axonal edema) using multi-shell DTI (b max = 4000 s/mm 2 ) and OGSE ( f max = 100 Hz) in an acute symptomatic mTBI subject. It has also successfully identified differences in intracellular volume fraction using multi-shell multi-frequency OGSE (b max = 2000 s/mm 2 , f max = 100 Hz) between a low-grade diffuse astrocytoma and a high-grade glioblastoma.
HIV-1-Infected T Cells Show a Selective Signaling Defect After Perturbation of CD3/Antigen Receptor (1988)

The binding of antigen or monoclonal antibody to the T cell receptor for antigen or the closely associated CD3 complex causes increases in the concentration of intracellular ionized calcium and subsequent cell proliferation. By measuring second messenger production in primary cultures of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1)--infected T cells stimulated with monoclonal antibodies specific for either CD3 or CD2, a specific impairment of membrane signaling was revealed. The HIV-1--infected T cells were unable to mobilize Ca2+ after stimulation with anti-CD3, whereas CD2-induced calcium mobilization remained intact. Furthermore, the HIV-1--infected cells proliferated poorly after CD3 stimulation, although the cells retained normal DNA synthesis in response to interleukin-2 stimulation. These results show that the signals initiated by CD2 and CD3 can be regulated independently within the same T cell; uncoupling of signal transduction after antigen-specific stimulation provides a biochemical mechanism to explain, in part, the profound immunodeficiency of patients with HIV-1 infection.
Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT3 is a [2Fe-2S] protein involved in TAG biosynthesis (2018)

Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases 3 (DGAT3) are described as plant cytosolic enzymes synthesizing triacylglycerol. Their protein sequences exhibit a thioredoxin-like ferredoxin domain typical of a class of ferredoxins harboring a [2Fe-2S] cluster. The Arabidopsis thaliana DGAT3 (AtDGAT3; At1g48300) protein is detected in germinating seeds. The recombinant purified protein produced from Escherichia coli, although very unstable, exhibits DGAT activity in vitro. A shorter protein version devoid of its N-terminal putative chloroplast transit peptide, Δ46AtDGAT3, was more stable in vitro, allowing biochemical and spectroscopic characterization. The results obtained demonstrate the presence of a [2Fe-2S] cluster in the protein. To date, AtDGAT3 is the first metalloprotein described as a DGAT.
Strong Phonon Scattering by Layer Structured PbSnS2 in PbTe Based Thermoelectric Materials (2012)

The incorporation of PbSnS(2) in PbTe results in a tremendous reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity to 0.8 W/mK at room temperature, a reduction of almost 60% over bulk PbTe. Transmission electron microscopy reveals very high density displacement layers, misfit dislocations, and phase boundaries. Our thermal transport calculations based on modified Debye-Callaway model, well in agreement with the experimental measurements, reveal that the layer structured PbSnS(2) plays an important role in reducing the lattice thermal conductivity.
Structural Basis for Reaction Mechanism and Drug Delivery System of Chromoprotein Antitumor Antibiotic C-1027 (BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY-Bioactive Chemistry) (2000)

Antitumor antibiotic C-1027 that is regarded as a natural model of drug delivery system, consists of a carrier apoprotein (Apo) and an enediyne chromophore (Chr). We have compared three solution structures of the DNA-Chr complex, Apo-Chr complex, and free Chr determined by high-resolution NMR experiments. The guest molecule, C-1027 chromophore, showed two distinct binding modes fitted to binding sites of the hosts (target DNA and carrier Apo). The novel Chr interacts with DNA through its benzoxazolinate and aminosugar moieties, and also with Apo through the benzoxazolinate and macrocyclic moieties. The superposition of Chrs in these three states clearly revealed conformational deviation of the 16-membered macrocyclic moiety containing intra-chlorophenol ring. Ab initio calculations supported good correlation between the reactivity and the conformational alteration of Chr induced in hosts. The present results provide molecular basis and implication for the host-recognition mode, the reaction mechanism, and drug delivery system of chromoprotein C-1027.
Nonlinear Radar via Intermodulation of Jointly Optimized FM Noise Waveform Pairs (2019)

It was recently shown that a new form of nonlinear radar can be achieved using pairs of separately optimized FM noise waveforms, where the optimization serves to provide useful spectral shaping of each waveform. Here the utility of jointly designing these separately transmitted waveforms according to their resulting intermodulation response is explored. This formulation relies on gradient descent optimization of an intermodulation-based cost function that is defined in the context of physically realizable polyphase-coded FM (PCFM) waveforms. The result is evaluated both in simulation and experimentally via a hardware loopback configuration.
Bioresorbable composite polymeric materials for tissue engineering applications (2020)

This review covers the development of bioresorbable polymeric composites for applications in tissue engineering. Various commercially available bioresobable polymers are described, with emphasis on recent bioresorbable composites based on natural and synthetic polymers. Bioresorbable polymers contain hydrolyzable bonds, which are subjected to chemical degradation via either reactive hydrolysis or enzyme-catalyzed active hydrolysis. For synthetic polymers, chemical hydrolysis is the most important mode of degradation. The degradation rate can be controlled by varying the molecular weight and crystallinity. Examples of bioresorbable polymers are: polyurethane, poly(D,L)lactide, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid, poly(α-hydroxy acids), cross-linked polyester hydrogels, poly(orthoesters), polyanhydrides and polyethylene glycol.
High Rates of Detection of Clade 2.3.4.4 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5 Viruses in Wild Birds in the Pacific Northwest During the Winter of 2014–15 (2016)

In 2014, clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses spread across the Republic of Korea and ultimately were reported in China, Japan, Russia, and Europe. Mortality associated with a reassortant HPAI H5N2 virus was detected in poultry farms in western Canada at the end of November. The same strain (with identical genetic structure) was then detected in free-living wild birds that had died prior to December 8, 2014, of unrelated causes in Whatcom County, Washington, U. S. A., in an area contiguous with the index Canadian location. A gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) that had hunted and fed on an American wigeon (Anas americana) on December 6, 2014, in the same area, and died 2 days later, tested positive for the Eurasian-origin HPAI H5N8. Subsequently, an active surveillance program using hunter-harvested waterfowl in Washington and Oregon detected 10 HPAI H5 viruses, of three different subtypes (four H5N2, three H5N8, and three H5N1) with four segments in common (HA, PB2, NP, and MA). In addition, a mortality-based passive surveillance program detected 18 HPAI (14 H5N2 and four H5N8) cases from Idaho, Kansas, Oregon, Minnesota, Montana, Washington, and Wisconsin. Comparatively, mortality-based passive surveillance appears to have detected these HPAI infections at a higher rate than active surveillance during the period following initial introduction into the United States.
Intra-operative fractures during THA (2012)

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the risk factors, prevention strategies, classification, and treatment of intra-operative femur fractures sustained during primary and revision total hip arthroplasty.
Efficient partial shape matching using Smith-Waterman algorithm (2008)

This paper presents an efficient partial shape matching method based on the Smith-Waterman algorithm. For two contours of m and n points respectively, the complexity of our method to find similar parts is only O(mn). In addition to this improvement in efficiency, we also obtain comparable accurate matching with fewer shape descriptors. Also, in contrast to arbitrary distance functions that are used by previous methods, we use a probabilistic similarity measurement, p-value, to evaluate the similarity of two shapes. Our experiments on several public shape databases indicate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art global and partial shape matching algorithms in various scenarios.
Protection of the Identity of Informants (2022)

Abstract This chapter considers how the public interest in protecting whistleblowers by keeping their identity secret from those whose wrongdoing they disclose is balanced against the rights of those whom the whistleblower has informed upon in a disciplinary context. It then deals with the jurisdiction of the Court to order disclosure of the identity of informants, known as Norwich Pharmacal orders. The special protection extended to journalists (and those who pass information to journalists) under section 10 of the Contempt of Court Act 1981 is described, before addressing the scope for Norwich Pharmacal orders specifically in the context of information provided to the employer.
The complexity of conservative valued CSPs (2013)

We study the complexity of valued constraint satisfaction problems (VCSPs) parametrized by a constraint language , a fixed set of cost functions over a finite domain. An instance of the problem is specified by a sum of cost functions from the language and the goal is to minimize the sum. Under the unique games conjecture, the approximability of finite-valued VCSPs is well understood, see Raghavendra [2008]. However, there is no characterization of finite-valued VCSPs, let alone general-valued VCSPs, that can be solved exactly in polynomial time, thus giving insights from a combinatorial optimization perspective. We consider the case of languages containing all possible unary cost functions. In the case of languages consisting of only {0,∞}-valued cost functions (i.e., relations), such languages have been called conservative and studied by Bulatov [2003, 2011] and recently by Barto [2011]. Since we study valued languages, we call a language conservative if it contains all finite-valued unary cost functions. The computational complexity of conservative valued languages has been studied by Cohen et al. [2006] for languages over Boolean domains, by Deineko et al. [2008] for {0,1}-valued languages (a.k.a Max-CSP), and by Takhanov [2010a] for {0,∞}-valued languages containing all finite-valued unary cost functions (a.k.a. Min-Cost-Hom). We prove a Schaefer-like dichotomy theorem for conservative valued languages: if all cost functions in the language satisfy a certain condition (specified by a complementary combination of STP and MJN multimorphisms ), then any instance can be solved in polynomial time (via a new algorithm developed in this article), otherwise the language is NP-hard. This is the first complete complexity classification of general-valued constraint languages over non-Boolean domains. It is a common phenomenon that complexity classifications of problems over non-Boolean domains are significantly harder than the Boolean cases. The polynomial-time algorithm we present for the tractable cases is a generalization of the submodular minimization problem and a result of Cohen et al. [2008]. Our results generalize previous results by Takhanov [2010a] and (a subset of results) by Cohen et al. [2006] and Deineko et al. [2008]. Moreover, our results do not rely on any computer-assisted search as in Deineko et al. [2008], and provide a powerful tool for proving hardness of finite-valued and general-valued languages.
Simplified optical transceivers for Stokes-vector transmission systems (2020)

Stokes-vector modulation (SVM) formats have recently drawn attention for realizing low-cost and high-capacity optical transceivers. However, SVM transmitters reported so far are still complicated because they are based on optical components employed mainly in coherent systems. In order to reduce the device size, cost and power consumption, a more compact transmitter configuration is desired. In this invited paper, we first experimentally demonstrate transmission of 30-Gb/s 8-ary SVM signal over 50 km using the proposed configuration. Then we numerically investigate system performance of our recently-proposed compact transmitter for the 8-ary SVM format.
Missing ring pull (2002)

week!He staved off boredom with academic work.This 48 hour week would address the problem of senior consultants, in that they would be able to function fully as equal members of the team, in a reasonable working week rather than having reduced clinical commitments as is being currently proposed.Indeed, why should doctors be more interested in teaching, administrative, and managerial work rather than patients just because they are over 55?
[Culture of human hepatocytes. Findings and outlook]. (1985)

Human hepatocytes can be obtained by portal vein perfusion in the presence of collagenase. A co-culture system is suitable for maintenance of high levels of specific functions. The field for the use of cultured hepatocytes is now being enlarged. Pharmacological, carcinological and virological studies on a cellular scale are within the bounds of possibility.
Heterogeneity Among White Adipose Tissue Depots in Male C57BL/6J Mice (2011)

The widespread prevalence of obesity has lead to extensive research on white adipose tissue (WAT), which frequently uses the C57BL/6J mouse strain as a model. In many studies, results obtained in one WAT depot are often extrapolated to all WAT. However, functional differences among WAT depots are now becoming apparent. Thus, to identify the molecular mechanisms responsible for WAT depot-specific differences under "normal" conditions, four C57BL/6J mouse WAT depots (inguinal, mesenteric, epididymal, and retroperitoneal) were analyzed. Depot proteomic profiles, along with weights, protein contents, adipocyte sizes and oxidative stress were determined. Mesenteric WAT had almost twice the protein content of the other depots analyzed. Mean adipocyte size was highest in epididymal and lowest in mesenteric and inguinal depots. The proteome of inguinal WAT displayed low levels of enzymes involved in ATP generation, glucose and lipid metabolism, and antioxidant proteins. Higher levels of these proteins were observed in mesenteric and epididymal WAT, with variable levels in the retroperitoneal depot. Some of these proteins showed depot-specific correlations with plasma levels of insulin, leptin, and adiponectin. In agreement with the proteomic data, levels of the antioxidant protein heat shock protein β1 (HSPβ1) also were lower in inguinal WAT when analyzed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Also, lipid peroxidation products showed similar trends. Our results are consistent with lower triglyceride turnover and lower oxidative stress in inguinal than mesenteric and epididymal WAT. The observed WAT depot-specific differences provide clues as to the mechanisms leading to these depots' respective diverse functions.
Visible Metasurfaces for On-Chip Polarimetry (2017)

Measuring the polarization state of light and determining the optical properties of chiral materials are inherently complex issues because of the requirement of consequential measurements between different orthogonal states of polarization. Here, we introduce an on-chip polarimetry based on the visible metasurfaces for addressing the issue of polarization analysis with compact components. We demonstrate integrated metasurface chips can effectively determine a set of Stokes parameters covering a broad wave-band at visible light. For the proof of concept, the optical properties of chiral materials are measured using our proposed device, while experimental verifications are convincing by comparing with the data obtained from commercial ellipsometry.
On the Reliability of Test Collections for Evaluating Systems of Different Types (2020)

As deep learning based models are increasingly being used for information retrieval, a major challenge is to ensure the availability of test collections for measuring their quality. Test collections are usually generated based on pooling results of various retrieval systems, but until recently this did not include deep learning systems. This raises a major challenge for reusable evaluation: Since deep learning based models use external resources (e.g. word embeddings) and advanced representations when compared to traditional methods, they may return different types of relevant document that were not identified in the original pooling. If so, test collections constructed using traditional methods could lead to biased and unfair evaluation results for deep learning systems. This paper uses simulated pooling to test the fairness and reusability of test collections, showing that especially when shallow pools (e.g. depth-10 pools) are used, pooling based on traditional systems only may lead to biased evaluation of deep learning systems.
Predictive Feedforward Control Based on Speed Error for Speed Ripple Suppression in Compressor Motors (2023)

The compressor motor of an air conditioner is subjected to the a fluctuating load torque during the suction and discharge of refrigerant, resulting in a speed ripple in the machine angular cycle. This paper proposes a new predictive feedforward control system that predicts and suppresses the speed ripple cuased by the periodic disturbance of compressor motor by using error data of speed PI controller. The speed ripple suppression performance of proposed control method is experimentally confirmed by applying it to achieve speed control of an air conditioner compressor motor.