gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Interaction Between Power-Aware FPGA CAD Algorithms (2003)

As Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) power consumption continues to increase, lower power FPGA circuitry, architectures, and Computer-Aided Design (CAD) tools need to be developed. Before designing low-power FPGA circuitry, architectures, or CAD tools, we must first determine where the biggest savings (in terms of energy dissipation) are to be made and whether these savings are cumulative. In this paper, we focus on FPGA CAD tools. Specifically, we describe a new power-aware CAD flow for FPGAs that was developed to answer the above questions. Estimating energy using very detailed post-route power and delay models, we determine the energy savings obtained by our power-aware technology mapping, clustering, placement, and routing algorithms and investigate how the savings behave when the algorithms are applied concurrently. The individual savings of the power-aware technology-mapping, clustering, placement, and routing algorithms were 7.6%, 12.6%, 3.0%, and 2.6% respectively. The majority of the overall savings were achieved during the technology mapping and clustering stages of the power-aware FPGA CAD flow. In addition, the savings were mostly cumulative when the individual power-aware CAD algorithms were applied concurrently with an overall energy reduction of 22.6%.
Acid sphingomyelinase regulates glucose and lipid metabolism in hepatocytes through AKT activation and AMP‐activated protein kinase suppression (2010)

Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM) regulates the homeostasis of sphingolipids, including ceramides and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Because sphingolipids regulate AKT activation, we investigated the role of ASM in hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. Initially, we overexpressed ASM in the livers of wild-type and diabetic db/db mice by adenovirus vector (Ad5ASM). In these mice, glucose tolerance was improved, and glycogen and lipid accumulation in the liver were increased. Using primary cultured hepatocytes, we confirmed that ASM increased glucose uptake, glycogen deposition, and lipid accumulation through activation of AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3β. In addition, ASM induced up-regulation of glucose transporter 2 accompanied by suppression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. Loss of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1) diminished ASM-mediated AKT phosphorylation, but exogenous S1P induced AKT activation in hepatocytes. In contrast, SphK1 deficiency did not affect AMPK activation. These results suggest that the SphK/S1P pathway is required for ASM-mediated AKT activation but not for AMPK inactivation. Finally, we found that treatment with high-dose glucose increased glycogen deposition and lipid accumulation in wild-type hepatocytes but not in ASM(-/-) cells. This result is consistent with glucose intolerance in ASM(-/-) mice. In conclusion, ASM modulates AKT activation and AMPK inactivation, thus regulating glucose and lipid metabolism in the liver.
An indispensable gene for NAD biosynthesis in Salmonella typhimurium (1983)

We have located the nadD locus between lip and leuS at 14 min on the Salmonella typhimurium chromosome, and we have shown it to be the structural gene for nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase. This is the first indispensable gene of pyridine nucleotide metabolism that has been identified. Mutants altered at this locus, isolated by their 6-aminonicotinamide resistance phenotype, accumulate abnormally large pools of nicotinic acid mononucleotide in vivo; many exhibit a temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype. Enzyme assays reveal markedly lower transferase activity in mutant extracts than in nadD+ extracts. The partial dominance of nadD mutants when placed in a nadD+/nadD diploid suggests that nicotinic acid mononucleotide adenylyltransferase is a multimeric enzyme.
Cytokine-regulated expression of survivinin myeloid leukemia (2001)

Survivin, a member of the inhibitors-of-apoptosis gene family, is expressed in a cell-cycle-dependent manner in all the most common cancers but not in normal differentiated adult tissues. Survivin expression and regulation were examined in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Survivin was detected by Western blot analysis in all myeloid leukemia cell lines and in 16 of 18 primary AML samples tested. In contrast, normal CD34(+) cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells expressed no or very low levels of survivin. Cytokine stimulation increased survivin expression in leukemic cell lines and in primary AML samples. In cultured primary samples, single-cytokine stimulation substantially increased survivin expression in comparison with control cells, and the combination of G-CSF, GM-CSF, and SCF increased survivin levels even further. Conversely, all-trans retinoic acid significantly decreased survivin protein levels in HL-60, OCI-AML3, and NB-4 cells within 96 hours, parallel to the induction of myelomonocytic differentiation. Using selective pharmacologic inhibitors, the differential involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathways were demonstrated in the regulation of survivin expression. The MEK inhibitor PD98059 down-regulated survivin expression in both resting and GM-CSF-stimulated OCI-AML3 cells, whereas the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 inhibited survivin expression only on GM-CSF stimulation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that survivin is highly expressed and cytokine-regulated in myeloid leukemias and suggest that hematopoietic cytokines exert their antiapoptotic and mitogenic effects, at least in part, by increasing survivin levels.
Measurement of nonlinear refractive indices of optical crystals and glasses by three-wave mixing at 1.06 µm (1986)

We have developed a three-wave mixing apparatus for rapid and accurate measurements of the third-order nonlinear susceptibility of transparent optical materials by comparison with standard samples. The 1.06- µ m fundamental of a Nd:YAG laser is mixed with a tunable beam generated from a 560-nm dye laser which is shifted to the 1.06- µ m region by second order Stokes Raman scattering from hydrogen. A small frequency difference (70 cm −1 ) between the two beams allows the determination of the joint contributions of the electronic hyperpolarizability and the atomic displacements to the nonlinear susceptibility. Discrimination between the incident beams and the three-wave mixing signal is accomplished with a combination of filtering and a double-grating monochromator. Separate sample and reference arms allow for the suppression of noise and errors caused by long- and short-term fluctuations in laser output. The method is easily extended to higher harmonics of the Nd:YAG laser, although absolute measurements must be performed on at least one material at each harmonic in order to provide a reference sample. Measurements have been made on a number of fluoride and oxide crystals, wide band gap semiconductors, and glasses. Experimental trends regarding the composition and structure dependence of the nonlinear index and its anisotropy are discussed.
Did Caravaggio employ optical projections? An image analysis of the parity in the artist's paintings (2011)

We examine one class of evidence put forth in support of the recent claim that the Italian Baroque master Caravaggio secretly employed optical projectors as a direct drawing aid. Specically, we test the claims that there is an "abnormal number" of left-handed gures in his works and, more specically, that "During the Del Monte period he had too many left-handed models." We also test whether there was a reversal in the handedness of specic models in different paintings. Such evidence would be consistent with the claim that Caravaggio switched between using a convex-lens projector to using a concave-mirror projector and would support, but not prove, the claim that Caravaggio used optical projections. We estimate the parity (+ or -) of each of Caravaggio's 76 appropriate oil paintings based on the handedness of gures, the orientation of asymmetric objects, placement of scabbards, depicted text, and so on, and search for statistically significant changes in handedness in figures. We also track the direction of the illumination over time in the artist's uvre. We discuss some historical evidence as it relates to the question of his possible use of optics. We nd the proportion of left-handed figures lower than that in the general population (not higher), and no significant change in estimated handedness even of individual models. Optical proponents have argued that Bacchus (1597) portrays a left-handed gure, but we give visual and cultural evidence showing that this gure is instead right-handed, thereby rebutting this claim that the painting was executed using optical projections. Moreover, scholars recently re-discovered the image of the artist with easel and canvas reflected in the carafe of wine at the front left in the tableau in Bacchus, showing that this painting was almost surely executed using traditional (non-optical) easel methods. We conclude that there is 1) no statistically signicant abnormally high number of left-handed gures in Caravaggio's uvre, including during any limited working period, 2) no statistically significant change in handedness among all gures or even individual gures that might be consistent with a change in optical projector, and 3) the visual and cultural evidence in Bacchus shows the gure was right-handed and that the artist executed this work by traditional (non-optical) easel methods. We conclude that the general parity and handedness evidence does not support the claim that Caravaggio employed optical projections.
IMPAIRED OXYGEN METABOLISM IN MYOPHOSPHORYLASE DEFICIENCY DETECTED WITH NEAR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY (1995)

Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Presbyterian Hospital and Rogers NMR Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas TX
Tunable holographic second-harmonic generators in high-birefringence optical fibers (1988)

The formation of efficient holographic second-harmonic generators in high-birefringence phosphorus-doped germanosilicate fibers is reported. The influence of optical polarization on the nonlinear writing and read-out processes is explored. Fiber birefringence permits phase-matched second-harmonic conversion at wavelengths within +/-125 cm(-1) (+/-14 nm) of the writing wavelength (1.064 microm).
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Photon Radical‐Photoinitiator System Based on Iodinated Benzospiropyrans. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Visual Detection of Transposition of the Maize Element Activator (Ac) in Tobacco Seedlings (1989)

A bacterial streptomycin resistance gene (SPT) was engineered to make it possible to detect visually the transposition of the maize transposon Activator (Ac) in tobacco. In the presence of streptomycin, transgenic seedlings carrying the SPT gene appear green, whereas those carrying an SPT:: Ac construct display clones of green cells on a white background. Fully green seedlings arise in the progeny of SPT:: Ac transformants as a result of excision of Ac before fertilization. About half of these germinal revertants carry a transposed Ac element. Therefore, SPT:: Ac constitutes an efficient marker for selecting plants that have undergone transposition. In maize, there is a negative effect of increasing Ac dosage on the frequency and timing of Ac transposition. This negative effect is not observed in tobacco with the streptomycin variegation assay.
Complications of CPR (2007)

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is an invasive medical treatment. Its measures can cause more or less severe complications, which often remain unrevealed unless autopsy is performed.
Novel Zirconium Precursors for Atomic Layer Deposition of ZrO2 films (2008)

Five novel zirconium precursors - bis(N,N'-diisopropyl-1,3-propanediamide) zirconium (TCZR 1), tris(ethylmethylamide)(N,N,N'-trimethyl-1,2-ethaneamide-amine zirconium (TCZR 3), tris(dimethylamide)(N-ethyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethaneamide-amine) zirconium (TCZR 4), mono-(N,N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethanediamide)-bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium (TCZR 5) and tris(ethylmethylamide)(N-ethyl-N',N'-dimethyl-1,2-ethaneamide-amine) zirconium (TCZR 6) have been synthesized and characterized by NMR, TGA, DSC and EA. The volatility of three precursors was measured by a Knudsen cell technique. The deposition behavior of these materials was evaluated in an ASM EmerAldTM ALD reactor or an ASM F-120 cross­flow reactor. Self-limiting deposition of ZrO2 films was observed with temperatures up to 300 {degree sign}C when used with oxygen plasma or ozone as the oxidant, as compared to more CVD-like behavior using bis(N, N'-di-tert-butyl-1,2-ethanediamide) zirconium (TCZR 2) and tetrakis(ethylmethylamide) zirconium (TEMAZ) under the same conditions. The resulting ZrO2 films from these novel precursors showed good step coverage (&gt; 80%) on high aspect ratio structures, low carbon incorporation (&lt; 2 atom%), high permittivity cubic/tetragonal phase, and growth rates comparable to TEMAZ based on analysis using X-ray diffraction, SIMS, and sputter depth profile AES. These results make the novel precursors promising candidates for ALD of high-k materials as storage capacitors in DRAM applications.
Cigarette Smoke Enhances the Expression of Profibrotic Molecules in Alveolar Epithelial Cells (2016)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and lethal disease of unknown etiology. A growing body of evidence indicates that it may result from an aberrant activation of alveolar epithelium, which induces the expansion of the fibroblast population, their differentiation to myofibroblasts and the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. The mechanisms that activate the alveolar epithelium are unknown, but several studies indicate that smoking is the main environmental risk factor for the development of IPF. In this study we explored the effect of cigarette smoke on the gene expression profile and signaling pathways in alveolar epithelial cells. Lung epithelial cell line from human (A549), was exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) for 1, 3, and 5 weeks at 1, 5 and 10% and gene expression was evaluated by complete transcriptome microarrays. Signaling networks were analyzed with the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software. At 5 weeks of exposure, alveolar epithelial cells acquired a fibroblast-like phenotype. At this time, gene expression profile revealed a significant increase of more than 1000 genes and deregulation of canonical signaling pathways such as TGF-β and Wnt. Several profibrotic genes involved in EMT were over-expressed, and incomplete EMT was observed in these cells, and corroborated in mouse (MLE-12) and rat (RLE-6TN) epithelial cells. The secretion of activated TGF-β1 increased in cells exposed to cigarette smoke, which decreased when the integrin alpha v gene was silenced. These findings suggest that the exposure of alveolar epithelial cells to CSE induces the expression and release of a variety of profibrotic genes, and the activation of TGF-β1, which may explain at least partially, the increased risk of developing IPF in smokers.
Search for Higgs andZBoson Decays toϕγwith the ATLAS Detector (2016)

A search for the decays of the Higgs and Z bosons to a ϕ meson and a photon is performed with a pp collision data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.7 fb^{-1} collected at sqrt[s]=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. No significant excess of events is observed above the background, and 95% confidence level upper limits on the branching fractions of the Higgs and Z boson decays to ϕγ of 1.4×10^{-3} and 8.3×10^{-6}, respectively, are obtained.
Mechanical properties of rat cardiac skinned fibers are altered by chronic growth hormone hypersecretion. (1993)

Chronic growth hormone (GH) hypersecretion in rats leads to increased isometric force without affecting the unloaded shortening velocity of isolated cardiac papillary muscles, despite a marked isomyosin shift toward V3. To determine if alterations occurred at the level of the contractile proteins in rats bearing a GH-secreting tumor (GH rats), we examined the mechanical properties of skinned fibers to eliminate the early steps of the excitation-contraction coupling mechanism. We found that maximal active tension and stiffness at saturating calcium concentrations (pCa 4.5) were markedly higher in GH rats than in control rats (tension, 52.9 +/- 5.2 versus 38.1 +/- 4.6 mN.mm-2, p < 0.05; stiffness, 1,105 +/- 120 versus 685 +/- 88 mN.mm-2.microns-1, p < 0.01), whereas values at low calcium concentrations (pCa 9) were unchanged. In addition, the calcium sensitivity of the contractile proteins was slightly but significantly higher in GH rats than in control rats (delta pCa 0.04, p < 0.001). The crossbridge cycling rate, reflected by the response to quick length changes, was lower in GH rats than in control rats (62.0 +/- 2.6 versus 77.4 +/- 6.6 sec-1, p < 0.05), in good agreement with a decrease in the proportion of alpha-myosin heavy chains in the corresponding papillary muscles (45.5 +/- 2.0% versus 94.6 +/- 2.4%, p < 0.001). The changes in myosin heavy chain protein phenotype were paralleled by similar changes of the corresponding mRNAs, indicating that the latter occurred mainly at a pretranslational level. These results demonstrate that during chronic GH hypersecretion in rats, alterations at the myofibrillar level contribute to the increase in myocardial contractility observed in intact muscle.
Extraction and Purification of Polysaccharides from Hong Guo Ginseng and the Comparison of Antioxidant Activity (2013)

Polysaccharides(PS) from Hong Guo Ginseng were extracted and purified by water-extraction and ethanol precipitation with ultrasonic assistance.With the same concentration of ascorbic acid(VC) as the control,the antioxidant activities of Hong Guo Ginseng polysaccharides were investigated by the scavening of hydroxyl free radical(·OH),superoxide anion(O-·2),nitroso(NO-2) and against the peroxidation of oils and fats.The results indicated that the Hong Guo Ginseng polysaccharides showed strong antioxidant activities against ·OH,O-·2 and good inhibitory effect to peroxidation of oils and fats,although its antioxidant activity was weak to NO-2.Furthermore,the antioxidant activity increased with the increasing of concentrations of Hong Guo Ginseng polysaccharides.
Analysis of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel particulates (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in diesel particulatesD. Schuetzle, T. J. Riley, T. J. Prater, T. M. Harvey, and D. F. HuntCite this: Anal. Chem. 1982, 54, 2, 265–271Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00239a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00239a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views404Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Predicting chemotherapy response in invasive breast cancer. (2014)

1084 Background: The care of patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+), node negative early breast cancer has been revolutionized by first generation mRNA signatures that have improved the identification of patients with low risk of recurrence following adjuvant hormone therapy who may be spared chemotherapy. Additionally, a signature may be of value in predicting response to chemotherapy in high-risk individuals. We developed a second generation prognostic signature in ER+ breast cancer consisting of a weighted combination of cell division (CCP), immune and receptor genes (molecular score) and clinical parameters (combined score). Here, we aimed to understand the capacity our signature to predict chemotherapy effectiveness regardless of ER status. Methods: The first cohort consisted of 247 ER+ patients treated pre-operatively with TFEC or TFAC. Association of the signature with complete pathological response (pCR) was evaluated by logistic regression. The second data set was a population cohort of 431 adjuvant chemotherapy treated and 599 untreated invasive breast cancer patients. The interaction between chemotherapy treatment and CCP, molecular and combined scores was individually tested in a Cox proportional hazards model with distant metastasis free survival as outcome. Results: CCP and molecular scores were predictive of pCR in the pre-operatively treated cohort (CCP score p=0.015; molecular score p=0.029). In the population cohort, the test for interaction with adjuvant treatment was highly significant with p-values of 0.000016, 0.000020 and 0.00012 for CCP, molecular score, and combined score, respectively. In all cases higher scores were associated with response or improved outcome. Conclusions: A second generation prognostic tool for ER+ invasive breast cancer predicts pre-operative chemotherapy response in an ER+ breast cancer cohort. Molecular and clinical combined components predict outcome in adjuvant chemotherapy treated cohort regardless of ER status. After further studies to validate prognostic and predictive efficacy, the second generation prognostic signature may offer enhanced discrimination for the care of breast cancer patients.
Letter to the Editor From Behar-Cohen et al.: “The Cortisol Response of Male and Female Choroidal Endothelial Cells: Implications for Central Serous Chorioretinopathy” (2021)

International audience
Potential Use of Genetically Engineered Variable Lymphocyte Receptor B Specific to Avian Influenza Virus H9N2 (2018)

The variable lymphocyte receptor (VLR) B of jawless vertebrates functions as a secreted Ab of jawed vertebrates and has emerged as an alternative Ab with a single polypeptide chain. After observing an upregulated VLRB response in hagfish immunized with avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2, we screened AIV H9N2-specific VLRB using a mammalian expression system. To improve the binding avidity of the Ag-specific VLRB to the Ag, we enabled multimerization of the VLRB by conjugating it with C-terminal domain of human C4b-binding protein. To dramatically enhance the expression and secretion of the Ag-specific VLRB, we introduced a glycine-serine linker and the murine Ig κ leader sequence. The practical use of the Ag-specific VLRB was also demonstrated through various immunoassays, detected by anti-VLRB Ab (11G5). Finally, we found that the Ag-specific VLRB decreased the infectivity of AIV H9N2. Together, our findings suggest that the generated Ag-specific VLRB could be used for various immunoapplications.