gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
E-Mobility — Advancements and Challenges (2019)

Mobile platforms cover a broad range of applications from small portable electric devices, drones, and robots to electric transportation, which influence the quality of modern life. The end-to-end energy systems of these platforms are moving toward more electrification. Despite their wide range of power ratings and diverse applications, the electrification of these systems shares several technical requirements. Electrified mobile energy systems have minimal or no access to the power grid, and thus, to achieve long operating time, ultrafast charging or charging during motion as well as advanced battery technologies are needed. Mobile platforms are space-, shape-, and weight-constrained, and therefore, their onboard energy technologies such as the power electronic converters and magnetic components must be compact and lightweight. These systems should also demonstrate improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional designs. This paper discusses some technical challenges that the industry currently faces moving toward more electrification of energy conversion systems in mobile platforms, herein referred to as E-Mobility, and reviews the recent advancements reported in literature.
Loss of hepatitis D virus infectivity upon farnesyl transferase inhibitor treatment associates with increasing RNA editing rates revealed by a new RT-ddPCR method (2022)

Chronic hepatitis D is the most severe form of chronic viral hepatitis and to date, efficient therapeutic approaches against hepatitis D virus (HDV) are limited. Among the antiviral molecules currently tested in clinical trials, the farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI) Lonafarnib inhibits the prenylation of the large delta antigen (L-HDAg), blocking virus assembly. Given the importance of L-HDAg in the virus life cycle, we hypothesized that Lonafarnib treatment may have side effects on virus replication. Here, we setup an innovative method for the quantification of HDV RNA allowing the independent quantification of edited and non-edited versions of the HDV genome upon infection. We demonstrated that FTI treatment of HBV/HDV co-infected dHepaRG or primary human hepatocytes leads to an accumulation of intracellular HDV RNAs and a marked increase in the levels of edited RNAs non only within the infected cells but also in the viral particles that are produced. Interestingly, these viral particles were less infectious, probably due to an enrichment in edited genomes that are packaged, leading to unproductive infection given the absence of S-HDAg synthesis after viral entry. Taken together, we setup an innovative quantification method allowing the investigation of RNA editing during HDV infection in a simple, fast, clinically-relevant assay and demonstrated for the first time the dual antiviral activity of FTI on HDV infection.
Digital Audio (1997)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Background Quantization of Audio Signals Traditional Conversion Methods Advanced Conversion Techniques Transmission and Storage of Digital Audio Data Digital Audio Signal Processing: Tools and Applications Summary References
An Analytical Method for Multiclass Molecular Cancer Classification (2003)

Modern cancer treatment relies upon microscopic tissue examination to classify tumors according to anatomical site of origin. This approach is effective but subjective and variable even among experienced clinicians and pathologists. Recently, DNA microarray-generated gene expression data has been used to build molecular cancer classifiers. Previous work from our group and others demonstrated methods for solving pairwise classification problems using such global gene expression patterns. However, classification across multiple primary tumor classes poses new methodological and computational challenges. In this paper we describe a computational methodology for multiclass prediction that combines class-specific (one vs. all) binary support vector machines. We apply this methodology to the diagnosis of multiple common adult malignancies using DNA microarray data from a collection of 198 tumor samples, spanning 14 of the most common tumor types. Overall classification accuracy is 78%, far exceeding the expected accuracy for random classification. In a large subset of the samples (80%), the algorithm attains 90% accuracy. The methodology described in this paper both demonstrates that accurate gene expression-based multiclass cancer diagnosis is possible and highlights some of the analytic challenges inherent in applying such strategies to biomedical research.
Frequency of Hailstorms and the Resulting Damage in the Central United States (2009)

Hail is a peril that threatens all but a handful of areas in the United States and may necessitate the premature replacement of roofs. Between 1995 and 2005, the country averaged about 11,000 hailstorms per year. Of the 20 most costly insurance losses in 2005 (global), four involved hail. Combined wind/hail losses from these four, U.S. hail events totaled more than $1.5 billion. Newer homes have larger roofs. This, and the increasing number of households in high hail-risk locations, translates into more roof area being exposed to damage. One alternative to minimizing damage is to use impact resistant roofing materials. State Farm Insurance Companies continues to review options for their policyholders to mitigate repeated and significant homeowners’ hail losses. Since it is unlikely that hailstorms can be prevented, damage reduction efforts have been focused on improving roofing material impact resistance.
A Ring‐Closing Metathesis Pathway to Fluorovinyl‐Containing Nitrogen Heterocyles (2006)

Abstract The synthesis of highly functionalized fluorinated piperidines is described. The key step in this synthesis is a ring‐closing metathesis reaction involving fluoride‐substituted olefins, which leads to the corresponding cyclic vinyl fluorides. Several sequences to arrive at differently substituted piperidines have been evaluated. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Mechanical properties of high‐density polyethylene and crosslinked high‐density polyethylene in crude oil and its components (2005)

Abstract The tensile and stress‐relaxation properties of an uncrosslinked and a loosely silane‐crosslinked high‐density polyethylene exposed to organic “crude‐oil” penetrants were assessed. The measurements were performed on penetrant‐saturated samples, surrounded by the organic liquid throughout the experiment. The penetrant solubilities in the two polymers were similar and in accordance with predicted values based on the solubility parameter method. The stiffness and strength of the swollen samples were significantly less than those of the dry samples, indicating a plasticization of the amorphous component. Raman spectroscopy on polyethylene exposed to deuterated n ‐hexane revealed a penetrant‐induced partial melting/dissolution of the crystal surface and an intact crystal core component. The stress‐relaxation rates, within the time frame of the experiment (∼1 s to 18 h), were approximately the same, independent of silane‐crosslinks and the presence of penetrants. This indicated that the mechanical α‐relaxation, which is the main relaxation process occurring in the measured time interval, was not affected by the penetrants. Consequently, its rate seemed to be independent of the crystal surface dissolution (decrease in the content of crystal‐core interface). The shape of the “log stress–log time” curves of the swollen samples was, however, different from that of the dry samples. This was most likely attributed to a time‐dependent saturation of penetrant to a higher level associated with the stretched state of the polymer sample. The silane crosslinks affected only the elongation at break, which was less than that of the uncrosslinked material. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 641–648, 2006
PrimeQA: The Prime Repository for State-of-the-Art Multilingual Question Answering Research and Development (2023)

Avi Sil, Jaydeep Sen, Bhavani Iyer, Martin Franz, Kshitij Fadnis, Mihaela Bornea, Sara Rosenthal, Scott McCarley, Rong Zhang, Vishwajeet Kumar, Yulong Li, Md Arafat Sultan, Riyaz Bhat, Juergen Bross, Radu Florian, Salim Roukos. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 3: System Demonstrations). 2023.
Adjuvant activity of 6-O-mycoloyl derivatives of N-acetylmuramyl-L-seryl-D-isoglutamine and related compounds in mice and guinea pigs (1979)

Adjuvant and antitumor activities of synthetic-6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-seryl-D-isoglutamine and 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-glycyl-D-isoglutamine were examined in comparison with those of 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine. Synthetic 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-seryl-D-isoglutamine was active as an adjuvant for the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity to m-[4-(4'-arsono-phenylazo)-phenyl]-N-acetyl-L-tyrosine in guinea pigs and for cell-mediated cytotoxicity in allogeneic mice. 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-glycyl-D-isoglutamine was inactive as an adjuvant for the induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity in guinea pigs; however, it was active for cell-mediated cytotoxicity in allogeneic mice. 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-L-seryl-D-isoglutamine and 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyl-glycyl-D-isoglutamine were not pyrogenic in rabbits. The antitumor activity of these 6-O-mycoloyl-N-acetylmuramyldipeptides was examined preliminarily by using transplantable syngeneic mouse tumors.
Supplementary Figure 3 from β-Mannosylceramide Activates Type I Natural Killer T Cells to Induce Tumor Immunity without Inducing Long-Term Functional Anergy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 1823K, Mice were injected i.p. with 2.4 nmol (2 ug) of a-GalCer, b-ManCer or vehicle control. Splenocytes were harvested and restimulated in vitro with 100 nM a-GalCer, 500 nM b-ManCer or vehicle. IFN-g in culture supernatants was measured after 48 hours of stimulation. The concentrations of IFN-g in the supernatants (upper panels) and fold change over vehicle stimulated control to account for the variable backgrounds among groups (lower panels) at indicated time points are shown. Representatives of at least 2 replicate experiments are shown. Bars represent mean plus-minus SD; *, statistically significantly different from vehicle control stimulation; #, statistically significant from corresponding stimulation in vehicle pretreated group p&lt;0.05.&lt;/p&gt;
Advances in Ti:Sapphire and Er fiber based femtosecond laser frequency comb systems (2005)

Erbium doped fiber femtosecond lasers can efficiently be frequency doubled to 780 nm and subsequently broadened in a nonlinear fiber. Frequency combs created with such a setup may replace Ti:Sa lasers in frequency metrology applications.
Improving Supply Chain Security Using Big Data (2013)

Abstract—Previous attempts at supply chain risk management are often non-technical and rely heavily on policies/procedures to provide security assurances. This is particularity worrisome as there are vast volumes of data that must be analyzed and data continues to grow at unprecedented rates. In order to mitigate these issues and minimize the amount of manual inspection required, we propose the development of mathematically-based automated screening methods that can be incorporated into supply chain risk management. In particular, we look at methods for identifying deception and deceptive practices that may be present in the supply chain. We examine two classes of constraints faced by deceivers, cognitive/computational limitations and strategic tradeoffs, which can be used to developed graph-based metrics to represent entity behavior. By using these metrics with novel machine learning algorithms, we can robustly detect deceptive behavior and identify potential supply chain issues.
Disembedding Corporate Governance: The Crisis of Shareholder Primacy in the UK and Canada (2013)

The Global Financial Crisis (GFC) has been the subject of much academic discussion, yet there is no consensus on its root cause. This paper traces the origins of the GFC back to the effects of the Anglo-American model of corporate governance on large financial institutions, and in particular to that model’s emphasis on shareholder primacy. Drawing on Karl Polanyi’s notion of “embeddedness” and Hyman Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis, the author notes that the emphasis on shareholder primacy creates perverse corporate incentives that are detached or “disembedded” from their economic, political and social context. He argues that these perverse incentives were the root cause of the GFC and the subsequent economic and political turmoil. The trajectory of the GFC in both Canada and the UK was shaped primarily by the relative disembeddedness of large financial institutions. In particular, excessive risk-taking by those institutions, combined with a weakening of prudential regulation, led to the emergence of a system that was divorced from its economic and social context. As Minsky predicted, the cracks that developed in this disembedded system compelled states to use fiscal and monetary policy to prevent a depression, sowing the seeds of political unrest in the aftermath of the GFC. The author concludes that long-term economic stability requires that shareholder primacy be replaced with a corporate governance model that acknowledges the economic, political and social influence of financial institutions.
Multi-rate digital control with interlacing and its application to hard disk drive servo (2004)

This paper presents a design method for a multi-rate digital controller with interlacing and its application to hard disk drives. In general, a digital controller contains slows modes and fast modes. The slow-mode portion can be updated less frequently in order to reduce the computational load. In other words, one can decrease the sampling rate of the slow-mode controller. Hence, the resulting multi-rate digital controller is composed of a fast-mode controller with high sampling rate and a slow-mode controller with high sampling rate. The amount of computation is uniformly reduced by interlacing the slow-mode control outputs. This design method is evaluated by simulation and the advantage of multi-rate control with interlacing is demonstrated.
Reconfigurable Nanowire Electronics – Device Principles and Prospects (2013)

A promising perspective for the advancement of electronics beyond Moore s law is given by the extension of functional diversity per computing unit. Reconfigurable field effect transistors (RFETs) are such novel multifunctional devices that provide n- and p- FET characteristics as selected by an electric signal. Future computing circuits can make use of this reconfiguration method to perform different logic operations with the same hardware. We will show the working principle and characteristics of a 4 terminal RFET based on the individual gating of two reversed Schottky junctions integrated as metal/ Si / metal nanowire heterostructures [1, 2]. Scanning gate microscopy [3] was applied to provide experimental evidence of the dominant electronic transport mechanisms in these nano-structures and to validate the use of individual junction gating amongst various concept realizations. The electric characteristics of optimized devices will be shown and analyzed with device simulations. Different RFET realization concepts will be compared at the device level. Moreover, the current device challenges and prospects for the device improvement towards circuit implementation will be discussed.
Inhibition of TWEAK signaling preserves the glomerular filtration barrier and ameliorates spontaneous murine lupus nephritis (THER6P.845) (2014)

Abstract The TNF superfamily member TWEAK acts through its receptor, Fn14, to mediate several key pathological processes known to be involved in lupus nephritis. To explore the potential for renal protection by targeting this pathway, we introduced the Fn14 null allele into the MRL/lpr lupus mouse strain. At 26 to 38 weeks of age, female MRL/lpr Fn14 knockout (KO) mice (backcross #8) had significantly lower levels of proteinuria, BUN, and creatinine as compared to Fn14 wild type (WT) mice. Furthermore, Fn14KO mice had significantly improved renal pathology, accompanied by attenuated glomerular and tubulointerstitial inflammation and less glomerular immune deposits. There were no detectable differences between the strains in either serum autoantibody levels or in splenic immune cell subsets, although less lymphadenopathy was observed in Fn14KO mice. Importantly, Fn14KO mice displayed substantial preservation of podocytes in kidney glomeruli. Moreover, we demonstrated that TWEAK signaling via Fn14 directly damaged the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier through effects on both podocytes and glomerular endothelial cells. Inhibition of TWEAK signaling due to deficiency of the Fn14 receptor significantly improves renal disease in a spontaneous lupus nephritis model, likely through prevention of the direct injurious effects of TWEAK on the filtration barrier. Thus, blocking the TWEAK/Fn14 axis is a novel therapeutic target in immune-mediated proliferative glomerulonephritis.
One-Pot Process in Scalable Bath for Water-Dispersed ZnS Nanocrystals with the Tailored Size (2017)

Well-dispersed ZnS nanocrystals with tailored size in aqueous solutions were synthesized by employing cysteine-sulfur (Cys-S) complexes with low molecular weight in a scalable anoxic vessel. High yield production of water-dispersed ZnS nanocrystals on a 10-L scale was demonstrated in an aqueous solution process. The average crystallite size of ZnS was controlled by changing the ratio of the cysteine to sulfide in the applied Cys-S complexes. A decrease in the crystallite size of ZnS likely resulted in both the blue shift of peak positions and the relative variation of peak intensities in the photoluminescence properties. In addition, the pH-dependent stability against aggregation of ZnS nanocrystals was investigated to reduce agglomeration.
Deep Convolutional Features for Image Based Retrieval and Scene Categorization (2015)

Several recent approaches showed how the representations learned by Convolutional Neural Networks can be repurposed for novel tasks. Most commonly it has been shown that the activation features of the last fully connected layers (fc7 or fc6) of the network, followed by a linear classifier outperform the state-of-the-art on several recognition challenge datasets. Instead of recognition, this paper focuses on the image retrieval problem and proposes a examines alternative pooling strategies derived for CNN features. The presented scheme uses the features maps from an earlier layer 5 of the CNN architecture, which has been shown to preserve coarse spatial information and is semantically meaningful. We examine several pooling strategies and demonstrate superior performance on the image retrieval task (INRIA Holidays) at the fraction of the computational cost, while using a relatively small memory requirements. In addition to retrieval, we see similar efficiency gains on the SUN397 scene categorization dataset, demonstrating wide applicability of this simple strategy. We also introduce and evaluate a novel GeoPlaces5K dataset from different geographical locations in the world for image retrieval that stresses more dramatic changes in appearance and viewpoint.
Cross-talk-limited cascadability of different OXC architectures (2001)

Summary form only given. Optical cross connects (OXC) are likely to play a key role in future all-optical networks. Their core is a space switching matrix, whose properties heavily influence the overall OXC performance. Particular attention is paid to homodyne crosstalk which accumulates through subsequent filtering.The aim of this work is to experimentally evaluate cross-talk impact on OXC cascadability. A short recirculating loop simulates a 2.5 Gbit/s signal propagating through 100 km-long links connected by OXC (i.e. a meshed continental network) adding homodyne incoherent cross-talk.
Antioxidant properties of ALD grown nanoceria films with tunable valency (2019)

Herein, we provide the first account of a method to control cerium oxide's mixed valence states (as Ce<sup>3+</sup> to Ce<sup>4+</sup> ratio) in ultra-thin films formed via atomic layer deposition (ALD). It is determined that modulation of Ce<sup>3+</sup>/Ce<sup>4+</sup> ratio occurs with respect to film thickness and is analogous to the change in surface chemistry observed for cerium oxide nanoparticles with varying particle diameter. The influence of film thickness on enzyme-mimetic radical scavenging is also characterized. Higher film thicknesses show 9-fold increase in catalytic activity. In vitro biocompatibility (apoptosis < 4%) and electrochemical biosensing (lowest concentration: 18 ppt) studies were performed to demonstrate the potential of ALD-grown nanoceria films for biomedical applications.
Effect of Alloying Elements on Particulate Dispersion in Liquid Aluminum (1990)

The effect of anoying elements on dispersion of SiC particles into molten aluminum was investigated. The time required for incorporation of SiC particle into molten aluminum was defined as an incorporation time. The incorporation time of SiC was shortened by alloying magnesium, or by alloying titanium together with tin. These alloying elements have strong affinity for SiC and are able to form silicide as a result of reaction with SiC. Magnesium silicide was detected by using EPMA, although the existence of titanium silicide couldn’t be confirmed. The incorporation time of SiC was prolonged by adding zinc, copper or tin which has no affinity for SiC. Moreover, particulate dispersion is considerably influenced by surface-active elements. The incorporation time of SiC particle was shortened by adding lithium, that was a surface-active element with strong affinity for SiC, whereas it was prolonged by adding the surface-active elements such as lead or bismuth, having weak affinity for SiC. This is probably because lead or bismuth hinders the wetting between SiC particle and molten aluminum, adsorbing at the interface. The addition of silicon into aluminum prolonged the incorporation time of SiC, because the dissociation of SiC, that might be necessary for good wetting, was controlled by the presence of silicon.
A Disk-Packing Algorithm for an Origami Magic Trick (2007)

We present an algorithm for a magic trick. Given a polygon with holes P , our algorithm determines a folding of a rectangular sheet of paper such that a single straight cut suffices to cut out P . Keywords: Computational Geometry, Paperfolding, Polygon. 1 Introduction The great Harry Houdini was one of the first to perform the following magic trick: fold a sheet of paper so that a single straight cut produces a cut-out of a rabbit, a dog, or whatever else one likes. Whereas Houdini only published a method for a five-pointed star [11] (a method probably known to Betsy Ross [10]), Martin Gardner [9] posed the question of cutting out more complex shapes. Demaine and Demaine [5] stated this question more formally: given a polygon with holes P (possibly with more than one connected component) and a rectangle R large enough to contain P , find a &amp;quot;flat folding&amp;quot; of R such that the cross-section of the folding with a perpendicular plane is the boundary of P . More intuitively, a single str...