gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis: highlights of the past year (2004)

The intensive search for antiangiogenic and proangiogenic mechanisms during the past decade is starting to translate into clinical promise. Further discovery of novel pathways and concepts in angiogenesis may lead to the optimization and refinement of current strategies to improve the clinical benefit and therapeutic safety for a vast number of patients with angiogenesis-related disease.
Lanthanum(III) capture of 18-crown-6 in the cavity of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (1999)

Aqueous solutions of sodium p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene, 18-crown-6 and lanthanum(III) trichloride at pH 2.5 afford the ‘ferris wheel’ type supercation: [{Ln3+⊂(18-crown-6)(OH2)3}∩{(p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene4– + 2H+)}]+ isolated as the chloride with numerous waters of crystallisation.
Monolithically integrated high-power broad-band RF switch based on III-N insulated gate transistors (2004)

We report on the high-performance monolithically integrated RF switch based on metal-oxide-semiconductor III-N heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs). The radio frequency (RF) switch microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) consists of three submicron-gate MOSHFETs connected into /spl pi/-type configuration. In the 0-10 GHz frequency range, the insertion loss is less than 1dB and the isolation is better than 20 dB. The switching powers well exceed 20 W per 1mm of the active element width. The high performance parameters of the switch are achieved due to unique properties of III-nitride MOSHFET, which combines a low channel resistance and high breakdown voltage features of AlGaN/GaN HFETs and extremely low gate leakage currents, large gate voltage swing and low gate capacitance specific to insulated gate design. The combination of these parameters makes MOSHFETs excellent candidates for high-power switching. The experimental data obtained from the RF switch are in close agreement with the results of simulations.
Phosphors containing borate of terbium, alkaline-earth, and Group-3 metals, and light sources incorporating the same (2023)

A phosphor comprises a borate of terbium, at least an alkaline-earth metal, and at least a Group-3 metal. In one embodiment, the phosphor has a formula of A.sub.3(D.sub.1-xTb.sub.x).sub.3(BO.sub.3).sub.5; wherein A is at least an alkaline-earth metal selected from the group consisting of calcium, barium, strontium, and magnesium; D is at least a Group-3 metal selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, scandium, and yttrium; and 0<x<0.5. The phosphor can be used in light sources such as those based on mercury discharge or light-emitting diodes and in displays.
Design and Validation of Update-Based Cache Coherence Protocols (1994)

In this paper, we present the details of the two update-based cache coherence protocols for scalable shared-memory multiprocessors that were studied in our previous work. First, the directory structures required for the protocols are briefly reviewed. Next, the state diagrams and some examples of the two update-based protocols are presented; one of the protocols is based on a centralized directory, and the other is based on a singly-linked distributed directory. Protocol deadlock and the additional requirements placed the protocols to avoid such deadlock are also examined. Finally, protocol validation using an exhaustive validation tool known as Murphi is discussed.
Near-field ptychography: phase retrieval for inline holography using a structured illumination (2013)

Inline holography is a common phase-contrast imaging method which uses free-space propagation to encode the phase signal into measured intensities. However, quantitative retrieval of the sample's image remains challenging, imposing constraints on the nature of the sample or on the propagation distance. Here, we present a way of simultaneously retrieving the sample's complex-valued transmission function and the incident illumination function from near-field diffraction patterns. The procedure relies on the measurement diversity created by lateral translations of the sample with respect to a structured illumination. The reconstruction approach, in essence identical to that employed in ptychography, is applied to hard X-ray synchrotron measurements and to simulations. Compared to other inline holography techniques, we expect near-field ptychography to reduce reconstruction artefacts by factoring out wavefront imperfections and relaxing constraints on the sample's scattering properties, thus ultimately improving the robustness of propagation-based X-ray phase tomography.
Aneurysmal Bone Cyst: An Analysis of 38 Cases and Report of Four Unusual Surface Ones. (2016)

Aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a benign expansile bone tumor, most commonly involving the medulla of long bones. ABC rarely arises within the cortex or in the subperiosteal region, radiographically mimicking other conditions, in particular surface osteosarcomathat is low-grade in nature and may go secondary ABC changes, and telangiectatic osteosarcoma. Both of these are sometimes mistaken microscopically for primary ABC. We review the characteristics of ABC cases in our center and report four unusualsurface ABCs arising in the subperiosteal or cortical region of long bones, identified among 38 histologically proven ABCs during a four-year period in our center. The surface ABCs occurred at an older agewith a predilection for diaphysis of femur, tibia, and humerus.
Mapping Weed Populations: The Cost of Counting and Identifying Seedlings and Seeds (1999)

Weeds have patchy distributions within fields. This suggests site-specific weed management could be valuable and, in fact, herbicide use had been reduced 40 to 60% in trials of this management strategy; however, there have been few cost-benefit analyses of site-specific weed management. Our goal was to quantify the cost of identifying and counting weed seeds and seedlings to create seed bank and seedling maps for site-specific weed management. We sampled 1225 or more sites in eight commercial corn fields. Soil was collected just after planting and seeds were extracted by elutriation. Seedlings were sampled in 152 cm of crop row at the time for a postemergence decision. A model for describing the time required to count and identify weed seedlings was a log-linear form with time as a function of the number of seedlings and the number of species and, for seeds, a log-linear form with time as a function of the number of seeds and percentage of sand in the soil.
Renal Vacuolar H+-ATPase (2004)

Vacuolar H(+)-ATPases are ubiquitous multisubunit complexes mediating the ATP-dependent transport of protons. In addition to their role in acidifying the lumen of various intracellular organelles, vacuolar H(+)-ATPases fulfill special tasks in the kidney. Vacuolar H(+)-ATPases are expressed in the plasma membrane in the kidney almost along the entire length of the nephron with apical and/or basolateral localization patterns. In the proximal tubule, a high number of vacuolar H(+)-ATPases are also found in endosomes, which are acidified by the pump. In addition, vacuolar H(+)-ATPases contribute to proximal tubular bicarbonate reabsorption. The importance in final urinary acidification along the collecting system is highlighted by monogenic defects in two subunits (ATP6V0A4, ATP6V1B1) of the vacuolar H(+)-ATPase in patients with distal renal tubular acidosis. The activity of vacuolar H(+)-ATPases is tightly regulated by a variety of factors such as the acid-base or electrolyte status. This regulation is at least in part mediated by various hormones and protein-protein interactions between regulatory proteins and multiple subunits of the pump.
Fully Plastic Actuator through Layer‐by‐Layer Casting with Ionic‐Liquid‐Based Bucky Gel (2005)

Liquid films: Ionic liquids containing dispersed single-walled carbon nanotubes (bucky gels), allow the first layer-by-layer casting fabrication of a fully plastic actuator. This actuator adopts a simple three-layered configuration of soft electrodes and electrolyte layers (see picture) and can operate in air at low voltages. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z462318_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Automatic Design for Power Systems (2000)

An automatic design method for power systems, to control electrical loads provided by customers and to ensure the power supply for the loads, is described. This method features (I) an electrical equipment model including the possible connections among each electrical equipment, (II) knowledge association networks to reduce maintenance cost of knowledge-base and to improve efficiency to select/specify electrical equipment, (III) a planning algorithm to find electrical path to control the electrical loads and to ensure the power supply, and (IV) the reactive re-design to automate to edit the power systems. APEC3 (Advanced Plant Engineering Cycle tool version 3) is an automatic design tool for power systems that supports electrical engineering processes in developing single line diagrams, specification balance statements (design rationales) and item lists. When engineers modify equipment specifications, APEC3 invokes the redesign function which automatically changes the specifications of all relevant equipment. To evaluate the effectiveness of the method, APEC3 was used in designing practical power systems of steel plants. The results showed that APEC3 can reduce the design time to 1/8 as compared to the usual design time. Therefore, the engineers can find optimal specifications of the power systems by evaluating a number of possibilities.
Unnatural reactive amino acid genetic code additions (2023)

This invention provides compositions and methods for producing translational components that expand the number of genetically encoded amino acids in eukaryotic cells. The components include orthogonal tRNAs, orthogonal aminoacyl-tRNAsyn-thetases, pairs of tRNAs/synthetases and unnatural amino acids. Proteins and methods of producing proteins with unnatural amino acids in eukaryotic cells are also provided.
Synthesis and Reactions of Novel Boron-Phosphorus Compounds (1990)

Abstract Treatment of RBX2 with two equivalents of LiPHR', has resulted in the isolation and characterization of boron-phosphorus analogues of borazine as illustrated.
Model Substrates for the Rapid Assay of Specific Ribonuclease Activity (1968)

A new procedure is proposed for the assay of specific ribonuclease activity. The substrates are [ 14 C]‐labeled benzyl esters of 3′‐ribonucleotides. Methods are described for preparing pure 3′‐uridylic acid, 3′‐cytidylie acid, 3′‐adenylie acid and 3′‐guanylic acid, and for the synthesis of [ 14 C]phenldiazomethane. By reaction of the latter with the former, the four 3′‐ribonucleotide [ 14 C]benzyl esters are readily obtained. After enzymatic reaction of a ribonuclease preparation with one of the model substrates, the released [ 14 C]benzyl alcohol is simply extracted by mixing with toluene. The radioactivity of the organic phase is then measured by liquid scintillation counting. The method has been used to detect contaminating nuclease activity in pancreatic ribonuclease preparations (specific for 3′‐uridylic acid and 3′‐cyidylic acid esters), and in Aspergillus T1 ribonuclease preparations (specific for 3′‐guanylic acid esters).
Abstract 43: Neuroprotective Effects of Inhibition of α5β1 Integrin Following Experimental Stroke: A Dual Center Pre-Clinical Study (2017)

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction after ischemic stroke exacerbates brain damage by contributing to edema and inflammation. The β1 integrin receptor family may contribute to this dysfunction via alteration of BBB-forming tight junction proteins. We hypothesize that inhibition of the β1 integrin receptor subtype α5β1, which is acutely expressed in infarct and peri-infarct vasculature after experimental stroke, reduces BBB permeability, reduces infarct volume, and improves functional recovery. A randomized and blinded trial was conducted using transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in mice (60 min; n=8) and rats (90 min; n=15) in two independent laboratories. ATN-161 (α5β1 inhibitor; 1 mg/kg) was administered IV immediately upon reperfusion and on post-stroke day 1 and 2. Infarct volume was determined by cresyl violet (mice) and T 2 weighted MRI (rat) at day 3 post MCAO. Steady state contrast enhanced MRI was used to assess BBB breakdown in rats at day 3. ATN-161 resulted in a significant reduction in infarct volume in both mice and rats when measured at post-stroke day 3 (p&lt;0.001). BBB permeability was decreased upon ATN-161 treatment in vivo as determined by reduced IgG and claudin-5 immunostaining in mice and reduced extent of Gadolinium enhanced MRI signal change in rats. Behavioral tests (open field, rotorod, sticky label and 28 point neuroscore), demonstrated significantly improved functional recovery in both mice and rats following treatment with ATN-161. Finally, in vitro studies where stroke was simulated using oxygen and glucose deprivation or TNF-α, ATN-161 (10 μM) treatment demonstrated decreased barrier permeability as measured by trans-endothelial cell electrical resistance, FITC-dextran permeability, and claudin-5 immunocytochemistry. Collectively, our results demonstrate that post-stroke inhibition of α5β1 integrin with the small peptide ATN-161 profoundly reduces infarct volume, improves functional outcome and decreases BBB permeability in both mice and rats using two different ischemic stroke models. Therefore, inhibition of α5β1 by ATN-161 could represent a novel stroke therapeutic target worthy of further investigation.
A Study on the Materials Properties of Piezoelectric Ceramics Used in Jetting Apparatus (2006)

In this study, specially used in fluidic jetting apparatus, the electrical properties of piezoelectric ceramics were investigated by the resonance method and from its vibratory motion point of view. The piezoelectric ceramics were a rectangular bar type bulk and estimated by their piezoelectric constants, for example, electromechanical coupling factor, piezoelectric strain constant and so on. The measured values were compared with the displacement by the Laser Doppler Vibrometer analysis and with the droplet properties.
A study on the ternary blends of polyphenylenesulfide, polysulfone, and liquid crystalline polyesteramide (1996)

Abstract Ternary blends of poly(p‐phenylenesulfide) (PPS), thermotropic liquid crystalline polyesteramide (LCP), and polysulfone (PSF) were investigated in terms of processing characteristics, blend morphology, and physical properties. In the incompatible PPS/LCP blends, LCP imparted a nucleating effect to the crystallization of PPS. Up to 10wt% LCP content, the tensile properties of PPS/LCP blends were enhanced with increasing LCP content, but they deteriorated if the LCP content exceeded 20wt%. Addition of a third component, PSF, to the 90/10 PPS/LCP blend promoted development of rodlike or threadlike fibrillar structure and orientation of the deformed LCP domains, which led to improvement of tensile strength up to 20%.
RIM1/2-Mediated Facilitation of Cav1.4 Channel Opening Is Required for Ca2+-Stimulated Release in Mouse Rod Photoreceptors (2015)

Night blindness can result from impaired photoreceptor function and a subset of cases have been linked to dysfunction of Cav1.4 calcium channels and in turn compromised synaptic transmission. Here, we show that active zone proteins RIM1/2 are important regulators of Cav1.4 channel function in mouse rod photoreceptors and thus synaptic activity. The conditional double knock-out (cdko) of RIM1 and RIM2 from rods starting a few weeks after birth did not change Cav1.4 protein expression at rod ribbon synapses nor was the morphology of the ribbon altered. Heterologous overexpression of RIM2 with Cav1.4 had no significant influence on current density when examined with BaCl2 as the charge carrier. Nonetheless, whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings from cdko rods revealed a profound reduction in Ca(2+) currents. Concomitantly, we observed a 4-fold reduction in spontaneous miniature release events from the cdko rod terminals and an almost complete absence of evoked responses when monitoring changes in membrane incorporation after strong step depolarizations. Under control conditions, 49 and 83 vesicles were released with 0.2 and 1 s depolarizations, respectively, which is close to the maximal number of vesicles estimated to be docked at the base of the ribbon active zone, but without RIM1/2, only a few vesicles were stimulated for release after a 1 s stimulation. In conclusion, our study shows that RIM1/2 potently enhance the influx of Ca(2+) into rod terminals through Cav1.4 channels, which is vitally important for the release of vesicles from the rod ribbon. Significance statement: Active zone scaffolding proteins are thought to bring multiple components involved in Ca(2+)-dependent exocytosis into functional interactions. We show that removal of scaffolding proteins RIM1/2 from rod photoreceptor ribbon synapses causes a dramatic loss of Ca(2+) influx through Cav1.4 channels and a correlated reduction in evoked release, yet the channels remain localized to synaptic ribbons in a normal fashion. Our findings strongly argue that RIM1/2 facilitate Ca(2+) entry and in turn Ca(2+) evoked release by modulating Cav1.4 channel openings; however, RIM1/2 are not needed for the retention of Cav1.4 at the synapse. In summary, a key function of RIM1/2 at rod ribbons is to enhance Cav1.4 channel activity, possibly through direct or indirect modulation of the channel.
Data from A Phase I Single-Agent Study of Twice-Weekly Consecutive-Day Dosing of the Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma or Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Carfilzomib is a next-generation, selective, proteasome inhibitor with clinical activity in relapsed and/or refractory multiple myeloma. The objectives of this phase I study were to establish the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic profiles of escalating doses of carfilzomib in patients with relapsed or refractory hematologic malignancies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental design:&lt;/b&gt; Carfilzomib (doses ranging from 1.2–27 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;) was administered i.v. on 2 consecutive days for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle. Single-agent dose escalation (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 37) was followed by a dose-expansion phase (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 11) that comprised 2 cohorts (carfilzomib or carfilzomib + dexamethasone). During dose expansion, carfilzomib was administered starting with 20 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; during the first week (days 1, 2) and then escalated to 27 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; thereafter.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was not reached during dose escalation. Dosing in the expansion cohort was well tolerated. Adverse events were manageable and primarily of grade I or II. The main hematologic adverse events of ≥ grade III were anemia and thrombocytopenia. Notably, there were no observations of grade III or more peripheral neuropathy. Carfilzomib was cleared rapidly with an elimination half-life of less than 30 minutes but still induced dose-dependent inhibition of the 20S chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity. At doses of 15 to 27 mg/m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, there was evidence of activity among patients with multiple myeloma and with non-Hodgkin lymphoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Escalated dosing of carfilzomib on a schedule of 2 consecutive days for 3 weeks of a 4-week cycle was tolerable and showed promising activity. This dose regimen has been selected for ongoing and future clinical studies, including PX-171-003A1 and the pivotal trial ASPIRE. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(17); 4830–40. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ballistic Impact to the Forehead, Zygoma, and Mandible: Comparison of Human and Frangible Dummy Face Biomechanics (2004)

Higher impact force can be tolerated on the forehead and mandible than on the zygoma. Normalized force-deflection and force-time corridors were established for the human response. The frangible Hybrid III face is an effective surrogate for assessing ballistic injury risks, but greater compliance would make it more biofidelic. Initial human tolerance levels of 6.0 kN for the forehead, 1.6 kN for the zygoma, and 1.9 kN for the mandible have been established for ballistic impacts to the face.
Aerosol elastic scatter signatures in the near- and mid-wave IR spectral regions (2009)

An essential milestone in the development of lidar for biological aerosol detection is accurate characterization of agent, simulant, and interferent scattering signatures. MIT Lincoln Laboratory has developed the Standoff Aerosol Active Signature Testbed (SAAST) to further this task, with particular emphasis on the near- and mid-wave infrared. Spectrally versatile and polarimetrically comprehensive, the SAAST can measure an aerosol sample's full Mueller Matrix across multiple elastic scattering angles for comparison to model predictions. A single tunable source covers the 1.35-5 &mu;m spectral range, and waveband-specific optics and photoreceivers can generate and analyze all six classic polarization states. The SAAST is highly automated for efficient and consistent measurements, and can accommodate a wide angular scatter range, including oblique angles for sample characterization and very near backscatter for lidar performance evaluation. This paper presents design details and selected results from recent measurements.
Deformable, Electromagnetic, Coil Actuation for Sensor Systems (2006)

A compact means of achieving large displacement or rotational actuation, useful for a variety of sensor systems, is developed, modeled, and demonstrated. The basic device is a deformable, electromagnetically actuated coil that is fabricated in a commercial surface micromachining foundry. This type of actuator is not limited by the small gaps of electrostatic devices or the linkages employed by thermal actuators. It can also be more compact as the actuation and support mechanism are one and the same. An efficient model for this novel class of actuator is described and is used to develop a prototype, which achieves a maximum 800mum out-of-plane displacement in an 88G external magnetic field using 115mW to power the device. Flip-chip bonding a flat plate to a coil-turn then allows this device to be used as a rotational micromirror, where the 800mum displacement translates to a 40deg angle of rotation
DDoS Attacks Detection with AutoEncoder (2020)

Although many distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks detection algorithms have been proposed and even some of them have claimed high detection accuracy, DDoS attacks are still a major problem for network security. The latent and inherent problems of these detection algorithms are 1) Requirement of both normal and attack data for building detection models, and 2) Almost inability to detect novel and unknown DDoS attacks. To conquer the problems, this paper proposes an AutoEncoder based DDoS attacks Detection Framework (AE-D3F), which only uses normal traffic to build the detection model and is able to update itself automatically as time goes. Experimental results on synthetic and public traffic show that our AE-D3F can not only achieve 82.00% detection rate (DR) with 0 false positive rate (FPR), better than classical anomaly detection approaches, but also detect novel and unknown attacks.