gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Molecular and Metabolic Factors Contributing to the Adaptation of Maize Seedlings to Nitrate Limitation (2011)

Crop production on soils containing sub-optimal levels of nitrogen (N) severely compromises yield potential. The development of plant varieties displaying high N use efficiency (NUE) will optimize N fertilizer use and reduce the environmental damage caused by excess N application. Maize is one of the most important crops cultivated worldwide. Identification of the genotypes with an enhanced NUE in the field is both time and resource consuming and sometime is difficult due to the regulation in the biotechnology programs. Identification of traits associated with adaptation to N limitation at an early vegetative stage which could reflect NUE at maturity is in need. We developed a hydroponic growth system and used it to test two genotypes that were different in their NUE at maturity under N limitation. One genotype SRG-200 showed a higher NUE than the other genotype SRG-100 and we used its hybrid SRG-150 as a reference for NUE. A number of phenotypic, molecular, and metabolic factors were tested using these three genetic lines at an early vegetative stage to determine which of these could be more indicative of predicting improved NUE at an early seedling stage. These include a transcriptional analysis which showed that the higher NUE in SRG-200 genotype is associated with higher transcript levels for the genes involved in nitrate transport, N assimilation, and GS and that the SRG-200 genotype maintained higher sugar content in leaves. Those identified in this study could be useful indicators for selecting promising maize lines at early stages to help develop elite varieties showing an enhanced NUE.
Intrinsic properties of the optical coupling between axisymmetric Gaussian beams (2004)

On the basis of the overlap integral method, an approximate analytical model is derived to estimate the coupled optical power between axisymmetric Gaussian beams when transverse, axial, and angular misalignments simultaneously exist in three dimensions. Seven optical properties are derived from a detailed analysis of the model. Because the model is an approximate analytical solution to the overlap integral method, the existence of each property is also investigated by a numerical solution. Results show that all seven properties are intrinsic to the optical coupling phenomenon between Gaussian beams. Because numerous single-mode device-to-fiber coupling systems can be well described by use of Gaussian beams, the seven properties provide a solid basis to develop model-based algorithms for single-mode device-to-fiber alignment automation.
Effect of Cr on Lamellar Spacing and High-Temperature Stability in Eutectoid Steels (2015)

In order to clarify refinement of lamellar spacing and high temperature stability of lamellae in pearlite by the addition of Cr, we investigated in terms of supercooling, diffusion coefficient of C and Cr, and spheroidizing of cementite using Fe-0.8%C binary and Fe-0.8%C-Cr ternary steels. Equilibrium transformation temperature of pearlite was increased by the addition of Cr. At a fixed pearlite transformation temperature, pearlite lamellar spacing of Cr addition steel was refined by increasing of supercooling compared with Fe-0.8%C steel. On the other hand, in spite of the same supercooling, lamellar spacing was refined by increasing of Cr content. This is caused by decreasing of the diffusion coefficient of C in the austenite by addition of Cr. Spheroidizing of cementite in pearlite at high temperature was inhibited by inceasing of Cr content. Spheroidizing rate reduced by the addition of Cr. Spheroidizing of cementite in pearlite by increasing of Cr content was inhibited by increasing of the contribution of diffusion of Cr for the coarsening reaction of cementite.
Modern Fluoroorganic Chemistry (2004)

Modern fluoroorganic chemistry , Modern fluoroorganic chemistry , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی شاپور اهواز
Matrix‐free infrared soft laser desorption/ionization (2004)

Abstract Infrared soft laser desorption/ionization was performed using a 2.94 µm Er : YAG laser and a commercial reflectron time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer. The instrument was modified so that a 337 nm nitrogen laser could be used concurrently with the IR laser to interrogate samples. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), laser desorption/ionization and desorption/ionization on silicon with UV and IR lasers were compared. Various target materials were tested for IR soft desorption ionization, including stainless steel, aluminum, copper, silicon, porous silicon and polyethylene. Silicon surfaces gave the best performance in terms of signal level and low‐mass interference. The internal energy resultant of the desorption/ionization was assessed using the easily fragmented vitamin B 12 molecule. IR ionization produced more analyte fragmentation than UV‐MALDI analysis. Fragmentation from matrix‐free IR desorption from silicon was comparable to that from IR‐MALDI. The results are interpreted as soft laser desorption and ionization resulting from the absorption of the IR laser energy by the analyte and associated solvent molecules. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic hydrogen sensing using microheated platinum nanoparticle-loaded graphene aerogel (2015)

a b s t r a c t Low power catalytic hydrogen sensors are fabricated by functionalizing low power polysilicon microheaters with platinum nanoparticle catalyst loaded in a high surface area graphene aerogel sup- port. Fabrication and characterization of the polysilicon microheaters are described. The platinum nanoparticle-loaded graphene aerogel is characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The catalytic hydrogen sensors consume as little as 2.2 mW of power, have sensitivity of 1.6%/10,000 ppm hydrogen, a t90 response and recovery time of 0.97 s and 0.72 s, respectively, a lower detection limit of approximately 65 ppm, and negligible
48‐4: Analysis of Fracture Mechanism in Sand Paper Drop Test for Cover Glass (2019)

Fracture mechanism of cover glasses on mobile devices in a drop event was investigated through high speed camera observation and conventional fracture surface analysis. Drop tests were performed for various chemically strengthened glasses with different mechanical properties and stress profiles. These were dropped on sandpapers with grit size of 180. Based on the observations, we confirmed that the fracture of cover glasses in the drop tests is caused by two consecutive steps. The first one is nucleation of a crack due to the contact with the protrusions of the sandpaper, which causes a strong tensile stress localized around the protrusions. The second one is the propagation of the crack due to a stress caused by bending of the smart phone during the rebound process after the first contact with the sandpaper. According to these investigations, we established a prediction formula for the “fracture drop height” for the sandpaper drop tests. It enables us to understand key parameters to improve the fracture drop height. For example, in addition to the stress induced by chemical strengthening, the mechanical properties of the cover glass and the body of the smartphone are key factors to improve the fracture drop height. We believe the knowledge in this study is important for improving the strength of the cover glasses in the future.
Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Ketones Using Polymer-Supported Reagents (2002)

A two step synthesis of trifluoromethyl ketones from aldehydes is reported. A combination of polymer-supported reagents and sequestering agents were employed to effect the transformation without the need for chromatographic purification.
The CETAC ADX-500 Autodiluter System: A Study of Dilution Performance with the ELAN 6000 ICP-MS and ELAN Software (1998)

The CETAC ADX-500 autodiluter system was tested with ELAN® v 2. 1 software and the ELAN 6000 ICP-MS instrument to determine on-line automated dilution performance during analysis of standard solutions containing nine analytes representative of the mass spectral range (mass 9 to mass 238). Two or more dilution schemes were tested for each of 5 test tube designs. Dilution performance was determined by comparison of analyte concentration means of diluted and non-diluted standards. Accurate dilutions resulted with one syringe pump addition of diluent in small diameter round-bottomed (13 mm OD) or conical-tipped (18 mm OD) tubes and one or more syringe pump additions in large diameter (28 mm OD) conical-tipped tubes. Inadequate dilution mixing which produced high analyte concentration means was observed for all dilutions conducted in flat-bottomed tubes, and for dilutions requiring multiple syringe additions of diluent in small diameter round-bottomed and conical tipped tubes. Effective mixing of diluted solutions was found to depend largely upon tube diameter and liquid depth: smaller tube diameters and greater liquid depth resulted in ineffective mixing, whereas greater tube diameter and shallower liquid depth facilitated effective mixing. Two design changes for the autodiluter were suggested that would allow effective mixing to occur using any dilution scheme and tube design.
A Flexible Monopole Antenna with Band-notch Function for UWB Systems (2007)

A flexible monopole antenna for UWB systems is proposed. The proposed antenna has good performance over the entire UWB bandwidth, and it enhanced the impedance bandwidth by using the stepped CPW feed line. It can be easily mounted on conformal shape, because it is fabricated on PET film having the flexible characteristic. It has a band-notch function of 5 GHz WLAN band using two slits. From the results, it is observed that the proposed antenna has the similar radiation patterns and the return loss in comparison with the planar type monopole antenna, when it is rolled.
Development of an Ultra-high-speed Video Camera (2001)

An high speed video camera of 1, 000, 000 fps is under development. A series of test image sensors for the camera have been designed, fabricated and tested. The sensor is an ISIS, In-situ Storage Image Sensor, which stores image signals generated on each pixel in a storage area nearby to the pixel during an image capturing phase, and release them out of the sensor during a readout phase after the image capturing. The ISIS-VU was only to test the charge transfer rate to realize the target frame rate, 1, 000, 000 fps, and some optical characteristics; the ISIS-V1 was fabricated to check the basic performance and to actually capture continuous images of 16 frames at the frame rate; the ISIS-V2 is a prototype sensor, which is mounted on a mock-up camera under development; the ISIS-V3 under basic design will be the final target sensor of the project with high performance. The development process and performances achieved so far are briefly described.
Immune senescence in aged APP/PS1 mice (2023)

Impaired Treg function, inflammation and oxidative stress were associated with AD pathology. Age associated partial restoration of Treg function in old mice reduced the hippocampal inflammatory phenotype. Restoring Treg suppressive function can be a therapeutic modality for AD.
Frequency domain adaptive equalization for MIMO systems (2003)

Time domain (TD) adaptive equalization based on the modified recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm has been proposed for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The paper proposes frequency domain (FD) adaptive equalization to reduce the computational complexity associated with the fast converging RLS algorithm. The effect of correlation between different sub-channels of the MIMO systems is also studied. The performance in terms of bit error rate (BER) and the complexity of the FD approach is compared with that of the TD approach. The FD adaptive equalization can obtain significant computational saving over the TD approach with approximately the same BER performance even for a small number of equalizer coefficients.
Free radicals from X-irradiated 'dry' and hydrated lyophilized DNA as studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy: analysis of spectral components between 77K and room temperature (1998)

The comprehensive component delineation performed at 77 K and upon annealing to room temperature for lyophilized DNA showed a larger diversity and a higher variance of radicals at 77 K than discussed so far. Thermal annealing brings about only a few reactions to produce secondary species. Most components decay without paramagnetic successors.
Mechanisms of Regulation of Cell-Mediated Immunity (1978)

Abstract We have investigated the induction, transfer, and suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to the hapten azobenzenearsonate (ABA), using ABA-derivatized spleen cells in mice. It was found that ABA-derivatized syngeneic cells administered subcutaneously induced hapten-specific DTH responses detected by footpad swelling upon challenge with similarly ABA-modified syngeneic cells, but not with syngeneic cells modified with an irrelevant hapten. The footpad response was determined to be a manifestation of cell-mediated immunity (CMI) from the time course of the reactivity, the characteristic histology, and the results of adoptive transfer experiments. Negative selection experiments with anti-Thy 1.2 antiserum and complement demonstrated that the response was thymic dependent (T) and was transferable to naive recipients by immune T cells but not by immune sera. The induction and elicitation of the response required, minimally, identity at the I-A region of the H-2 major histocompatibility complex (MHC) between the immunizing hapten-modified cell and the recipient. Further studies revealed that syngeneic ABA-modified adherent cells were more capable of inducing ABA-specific DTH responses than similarly derivatized nonadherent cells. Studies dealing with the presentation of hapten with (BALB/c × A/J)F1 derivatized cells as immunogens indicated that F1 immune mice appeared to respond preferentially to BALB/c hapten cell surface conjugates rather than A/J cell surface as assessed by challenge of F1 immune mice with modified parental cells of either type. In adoptive transfer experiments it was found that immune T cells could transfer reactivity if, and only if, the immune T cells, the recipient, and the challenging modified cell were syngeneic or semisyngeneic. Allogeneic transfers were unsuccessful, even when the priming cells, the immune T cells, and challenge were syngeneic, but the recipient was not. The apparent failure of allogeneic transfer was not due to the presence of suppressor cells. Finally, we were able to elicit suppressor T cells by the i.v. administration of ABA-modified syngeneic cells. ABA-specific suppressor T cells limit the generation of DTH to ABA-modified cells, but do not decrease DTH to cells modified with an irrelevant hapten.
Fusion of augmented reality imaging with the endoscopic view for endonasal skull base surgery; a novel application for surgical navigation based on intraoperative cone beam computed tomography and optical tracking (2020)

We present a novel augmented reality surgical navigation system, with fusion of intraoperative CBCT on the endoscopic view. The system shows sub-millimeter accuracy.
Bandwidth Improvment of Dualband mm-wave Microstrip Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm (2023)

The necessity for multi-functional antennas with achievable performance from a single device is increasing dramatically.At the same, dual-band rectangular microstrip antennas are essential for a varieties of applications in mm-wave communication.This study aims to use a genetic algorithm to enhance the operating bandwidth of a dualband mm-wave microstrip antenna for wireless communication with binary-coded scheme.The patch surface was optimized by gridding it into 10X10 tiny rectangular blocks and designing them as non-conducting and conducting features to them.The proposed method has iteratively modeled the antenna using a Ansys HFSS and MATLAB to identify best fitted antenna.The optimized antenna has resonated at 39.1 GHz center frequency with 7.6 dB peak gain with 1.6 GHz bandwidth and at 50.2 GHz center frequency with 7.3 dB peak gain and 3.3 GHz bandwidth.The antenna's total efficiency is 71.4 % at 39.1 GHz and 92.8 % at 50.2 GHz.
Transfected DNA is mutated in monkey, mouse, and human cells. (1984)

Papovavirus-based shuttle vectors containing the bacterial lacI gene were used to show that a mutation frequency in the range of 1% occurs in lacI when such vectors are transfected into COS7 and CV-1 simian cells, NIH 3T3, 3T6, L, and C127 mouse cells, and human 293 and HeLa cells. This frequency is approximately four orders of magnitude higher than the spontaneous mutation frequency in either mammalian or bacterial cells. The mutations are predominantly base substitutions and deletions and also include insertions from the mammalian genome. Time course experiments argue that mutagenesis occurs soon after arrival of the DNA into the nucleus. However, replication of the vector is not required since mutations occur even when the vector lacks all viral sequences. The high mutation frequency appears to be the characteristic outcome of transfection of DNA into mammalian cells.
Powertrain Friction Reduction by Synergistic Optimization of Cylinder Bore Surface and Lubricant - Part 2: Engine Tribology Simulations and Tests (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the present work, a system approach to the tribological optimization of passenger car engines is demonstrated. Experimental data and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the role of surface specifications, ring pack, and lubricant on the piston/bore tribology. The importance of in-design “pairing” of low-viscosity motor oils with the ring pack and the cylinder bore characteristics in order to achieve maximum reduction in GHG emissions and improvement in fuel economy without sacrificing the endurance is elucidated.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Earlier motored friction data for two different gasoline engines - Ford Duratec and Mercedes Benz M133 - using motor oils of different viscosity grades are now rationalized using AVL EXCITE® piston/bore tribology simulations. The main difference between the engines was the cylinder bore surface: honed cast iron vs thermally sprayed, and the valve train type: direct-acting mechanical bucket (DAMB) vs roller finger follower (RFF). The simulation data show that mirror-like bores have very low asperity friction and therefore allow safe deployment of ultralow viscosity oil for improved fuel economy. However bearings may remain vulnerable to wear under high load conditions, calling for higher performance resource conserving lubricants.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Membrane Remodeling Processes Induced by Phospholipase Action (2014)

Important cellular events such as division require drastic changes in the shape of the membrane. These remodeling processes can be triggered by the binding of specific proteins or by changes in membrane composition and are linked to phospholipid metabolism for which dedicated enzymes, named phospholipases, are responsible. Here wide-field fluorescence microscopy is used to visualize shape changes induced by the action of phospholipase A1 on dye-labeled supported membranes of POPC (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoly-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine). Time-lapse imaging demonstrates that layers either shrink and disappear or fold and collapse into vesicles. These vesicles can undergo further transformations such as budding, tubulation, and pearling within 5 min of formation. Using dye-labeled phospholipases, we can monitor the presence of the enzyme at specific positions on the membrane as the shape transformations occur. Furthermore, incorporating the products of hydrolysis into POPC membranes is shown to induce transformations similar to those observed for enzyme action. The results suggest that phospholipase-mediated hydrolysis plays an important role in membrane transformations by altering the membrane composition, and a model is proposed for membrane curvature based on the presence and shape of hydrolysis products.
The mechanical properties of insert-molded bimaterial composites: Series and parallel geometries (2000)

Series and parallel bimaterial composites were constructed by injecting C fiber poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) into a mold containing a fraction of a previously molded polycarbonate (PC) dogbone. Resulting specimens were tested in tension. For series composites, breaking stresses were independent of fractional length. However, elongation to break decreased with fractional length of C fiber PEEK and apparent stiffness increased. On the other hand, for parallel composites, breaking strains were independent of the fractional cross-sectional area, while breaking stress and stiffness increased with the C fiber PEEK fraction. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1777–1784, 2000
Software defined radio for smart utility networks (2014)

In this paper, we describe a software defined radio (SDR) platform that can be used to implement the IEEE 802.15.4g standard for low data rate wireless smart utility networks (SUN). The SUN standard supports multiple wireless band plans, defines multiple physical (PHY) layers: FSK, OFDM and O-QPSK, each supporting a large number of data rates. Because of the flexibility allowed in the standards, an SDR approach provides the greatest flexibility in implementing the standard. We propose to use the SDR platform based on Texas Instruments C28x 32-bit MCU platform and a sub-1GHz CC1260 low power integrated radio. This platform can may be used for both the smart e-meter as well as the data concentrator. We begin the paper by providing an overview of the different PHY layers and enumerating the common elements across all PHYs for both the transmitter and receiver. Next, we discuss a partitioning between software and hardware that provides the flexibility without sacrificing efficiency. Finally, we provide the details of a hardware accelerator incorporated into the C28x architecture (VCU II) that can simplify many of the complex tasks associated with these PHYs.
Cell Internalization Studies of Gadofullerene-(ZME-018) Immunoconjugates into A375m Melanoma Cells (2011)

Fullerene (C(60))-monoclonal antibody (mAb) immunoconjugates have been determined to internalize into target cells using water-soluble Gd(3+) ion-filled metallofullerenes (Gd@C(60)[OH](x)). Two separate conjugations of Gd@C(60)(OH)(x) with the antibody ZME-018 and a murine antibody mixture (MuIgG) were performed in a 1:5 mAb/Gd@C(60) ratio. Characterization of the immunoconjugates was established using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for Gd(3+) and UV-Vis spectrometry (for Gd@C(60) + C(60)). Once conjugated, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays showed little change in the specific binding of ZME-018. Each immunoconjugate was exposed to two cancer cell lines, A375m (antigen positive), and T24, bladder carcinoma (antigen negative). Internalization levels of the immunoconjugate were determined at various time points during 24 hours by harvesting and digesting the cells with 70% HNO(3) for Gd(3+) ion analysis by ICP-MS. These results are the first to demonstrate the practicality of a targeted cancer therapy based on fullerene immunotherapy.
Balancing of thermal lenses in enhancement cavities with transmissive elements (2015)

Thermal lensing poses a serious challenge for the power scaling of enhancement cavities, in particular when these contain transmissive elements. We demonstrate the compensation of the lensing induced by thermal deformations of the cavity mirrors with the thermal lensing in a thin Brewster plate. Using forced convection to fine-tune the lensing in the plate, we achieve average powers of up to 160 kW for 250-MHz-repetition-rate picosecond pulses with a power-independent mode size. Furthermore, we show that the susceptibility of the cavity mode size to thermal lensing allows highly sensitive absorption measurements.