gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent developments in peridynamic mechanics (2017)

My presentation introduces the peridynamic model for predicting the initiation and evolution of complex fracture patterns. The model, a continuum variant of Newton's second law, uses integral rather than partial differential operators where the region of integration is over a domain. The force interaction is derived from a novel nonconvex strain energy density function, resulting in a nonmonotonic material model. The resulting equation of motion is proved to be mathematically well-posed. The model has the capacity to simulate nucleation and growth of multiple, mutually interacting dynamic fractures. In the limit of zero region of integration, the model reproduces the classic Griffith model of brittle fracture. The simplicity of the formulation avoids the need for supplemental kinetic relations that dictate crack growth or the need for an explicit damage evolution law.
Production of naval artillery shells at the Obukhov steel plant in the late 19th — early 20th century (2022)

The transition to the construction of the armored fleet in the second half of the 19th century required elaboration of naval guns and projectiles of a new type. The most important quality of the latter was their increased strength, which gave them the ability to penetrate warship's armour. Obukhovskii Steel Works was the first in Russia to start manufacturing steel armor-piercing projectiles. Constantly developing and improving projectile technologies, he remained one of the leaders in this field of production at the beginning of the 20th century.
Demo (2016)

In this demo, we present our service-centric mobility support architecture using Information-centric Networking, with emphasis on Producer mobility. We implement our solution over a CCN-based service platform, with multiple end-hosts running video-conferencing application acting as Consumer and Producer, to demonstrate its capability to achieve seamless handover.
Unique Case of a Refractory Esophageal Peptic Stricture in an Uncontrolled Diabetic (2022)

Esophageal strictures can lead to the narrowing of the esophagus and dysphagia. They are termed peptic strictures when caused by acid reflux and usually measure less than two centimeters in the lower esophagus. Peptic strictures can be treated with proton pump inhibitors, endoscopic dilation, and esophagectomy. We present a unique case of a young diabetic who developed progressive dysphagia and was found to have a 5-centimeter esophageal peptic stricture refractory to treatment. His symptoms were secondary to gastroparesis and acid reflux from uncontrolled diabetes. Since diabetics are more likely to develop such complications, an important part of the management of peptic strictures should be focused on diabetes control.
Compressed Fourier-Domain Convolutional Beamforming for Wireless Ultrasound imaging (2020)

Wireless ultrasound (US) systems that produce high-quality images can improve current clinical diagnosis capabilities by making the imaging process much more efficient, affordable, and accessible to users. The most common technique for generating B-mode US images is delay and sum (DAS) beamforming, where an appropriate delay is introduced to signals sampled and processed at each transducer element. However, sampling rates that are much higher than the Nyquist rate of the signal are required for high resolution DAS beamforming, leading to large amounts of data, making transmission of channel data over WIFI impractical. Moreover, the production of US images that exhibit high resolution and good image contrast requires a large set of transducers which further increases the data size. Previous works suggest methods for reduction in sampling rate and in array size. In this work, we introduce compressed Fourier domain convolutional beamforming, combining Fourier domain beamforming, sparse convolutional beamforming, and compressed sensing methods. This allows reducing both the number of array elements and the sampling rate in each element, while achieving high resolution images. Using in vivo data we demonstrate that the proposed method can generate B-mode images using 142 times less data than DAS. Our results pave the way towards wireless US and demonstrate that high resolution US images can be produced using sub-Nyquist sampling and a small number of receiving channels.
15.3: AMOLED Driven by Solution‐Processed Oxide Semiconductor TFT (2009)

Abstract We report an AMOLED fabricated with a solution‐processed indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) backplane. The TFT has a bottom gate structure with SiN x gate insulator, spin‐coated IZO active layer, Mo source/drain electrode, and SiO 2 passivation layer. The TFT exhibited the field effect mobility of 0.9 cm 2 /Vs, threshold voltage of 13.6 V, and high on/off current ratio of 1.8e7.
A two-step dewetting method for large-scale patterning (2006)

A two-step dewetting method is presented for patterning microstructures over a large area. In the first step of dewetting, a moving surface energy gradient is utilized to partially dewet a liquid spin coated onto a mold. This dewetting results in thinning the liquid film and also leads to the formation of thin patches of the continuous liquid film. In the second step of dewetting, the whole surface is thermally dewetted. This thermal dewetting, which is carried out with the coated mold in contact with a substrate, causes the patches of liquid to be driven into the recessed parts of the microstructure on the mold. Curing the liquid either thermally or photochemically completes the patterning. The two-step method, when applied to a metal-coated substrate for patterning and subsequent etching into the metal layer, left no apparent defects over an area as large as 3.5 cm × 3.5 cm.
Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids suppresses interleukin-2 production and mononuclear cell proliferation (1993)

We studied the in vitro production of interleukin-2 in nine healthy volunteers who added 18 g/day of fish-oil concentrate rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to their normal Western diet for a period of 6 weeks. Interleukin-2 synthesis from stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was suppressed from 6.2 ng/ml at baseline to 2.2 ng/ml 10 weeks after the end of n-3 fatty acid supplementation (65% decrease; P = .04). At the same time phytohemagglutinin-induced proliferation of mononuclear cells was suppressed by 70% from the presupplement level. Interleukin-2 production returned to the premedication level at the end of the studies. The results suggest that the effect of dietary n-3 fatty acids in some diseases may be mediated in part by decreased production of interleukin-2 and decreased mononuclear cell proliferation.
Gas-Foamed Scaffold Gradients for Combinatorial Screening in 3D (2012)

Current methods for screening cell-material interactions typically utilize a two-dimensional (2D) culture format where cells are cultured on flat surfaces. However, there is a need for combinatorial and high-throughput screening methods to systematically screen cell-biomaterial interactions in three-dimensional (3D) tissue scaffolds for tissue engineering. Previously, we developed a two-syringe pump approach for making 3D scaffold gradients for use in combinatorial screening of salt-leached scaffolds. Herein, we demonstrate that the two-syringe pump approach can also be used to create scaffold gradients using a gas-foaming approach. Macroporous foams prepared by a gas-foaming technique are commonly used for fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds due to their high interconnectivity and good mechanical properties. Gas-foamed scaffold gradient libraries were fabricated from two biodegradable tyrosine-derived polycarbonates: poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine ethyl ester carbonate) (pDTEc) and poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine octyl ester carbonate) (pDTOc). The composition of the libraries was assessed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and showed that pDTEc/pDTOc gas-foamed scaffold gradients could be repeatably fabricated. Scanning electron microscopy showed that scaffold morphology was similar between the pDTEc-rich ends and the pDTOc-rich ends of the gradient. These results introduce a method for fabricating gas-foamed polymer scaffold gradients that can be used for combinatorial screening of cell-material interactions in 3D.
Synergistic Effects of Hepatocyte Growth Factor on Human Cord Blood CD34 + Progenitor Cells are the Result of c‐met Receptor Expression (1996)

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a pleiotropic growth factor which, in addition to its mitogenic potency for primary hepatocytes, also has a role in the regulation of cell motility, cell growth and morphogenesis. In the present study, we show that c-met, the high-affinity receptor for HGF, is expressed on human cord blood (CB) CD34+ progenitor cells and CD34+Thy-1+ Lin-(lin-) cells. We have investigated the capacity of HGF to synergize with other growth factors to induce colony formation by CB CD34+ progenitor cells. CD34+ cells were cultured in semisolid medium containing serum with increasing concentrations of GM-CSF, G-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), stem cell factor (SCF), interleukin 3 (IL-3) and IL-11 alone or in combination with HGF. HGF acted as a potent synergist and enhanced, up to fourfold, colony formation induced by GM-CSF, G-CSF or M-CSF. HGF in combination with SCF, IL-3 or IL-11 did not induce proliferation of colony forming units-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) above control levels. In serum-deprived cultures, HGF was only detectably synergistic with IL-11, and all other culture combinations showed no proliferation. To determine whether the stimulatory effect of IL-11 and the synergistic effect of HGF in the absence of serum could be attributed to the effect of these two cytokines on stem cells, IL-11-stimulated and unstimulated lin- cells were analyzed for expression of c-met. CD34+Thy-1+Lin- cells were positive for c-met, both in the presence and absence of IL-11 stimulation, and Northern analysis indicated that c-met RNA expression was upregulated in response to IL-11 compared to unstimulated controls. These results provide strong evidence for upregulation of the HGF receptor on primitive hematopoietic cells by IL-11, and for the synergistic role of HGF in colony formation by hematopoietic stem cells.
In-Channel Electrochemical Detection in the Middle of Microchannel under High Electric Field (2011)

We propose a new method for performing in-channel electrochemical detection under a high electric field using a polyelectrolytic gel salt bridge (PGSB) integrated in the middle of the electrophoretic separation channel. The finely tuned placement of a gold working electrode and the PGSB on an equipotential surface in the microchannel provided highly sensitive electrochemical detection without any deterioration in the separation efficiency or interference of the applied electric field. To assess the working principle, the open circuit potentials between gold working electrodes and the reference electrode at varying distances were measured in the microchannel under electrophoretic fields using an electrically isolated potentiostat. In addition, "in-channel" cyclic voltammetry confirmed the feasibility of electrochemical detection under various strengths of electric fields (∼400 V/cm). Effective separation on a microchip equipped with a PGSB under high electric fields was demonstrated for the electrochemical detection of biological compounds such as dopamine and catechol. The proposed "in-channel" electrochemical detection under a high electric field enables wider electrochemical detection applications in microchip electrophoresis.
Structure—Property Behavior of Caprolactone—Allyl Glycidyl Ether Copolymers Cross-Linked by Electron-Beam Irradiation (1990)

Semicrystalline copolymers of caprolactone and allyl glycidyl ether(CL-AGE) have been crosslinked at various temperatures both above and below the crystalline melting point by electron beam irradiation. Gel fraction increases with irradiation dose up to 40 Mrad and shows slightly higher values when irradiated above the melting point compared to irradiation below the melting point. A stable spherulitic crossed polarizer optical microscopy pattern of the CL-AGE copolymer crosslinked in the semicrystalline state persisted over a wide range of temperature even in the melt. In contrast, random introduction of crosslinks into this material in the melt state resulted in some restriction on the crystallization process limiting the development of ordered superstructure upon solidification. Measurements of thermal and mechanical properties support the gel fraction results and the microscopy observations. It was concluded that the final solid state properties of the EB-irradiated CL-AGE copolymers are strongly dependent on the morphological state of the material at the time of the EB irradiation process.
Intramolecular Hydrophosphination/Cyclization of Phosphinoalkenes and Phosphinoalkynes Catalyzed by Organolanthanides:  Scope, Selectivity, and Mechanism (2001)

Organolanthanide complexes of the general type Cp'(2)LnE(TMS)(2) (Cp' = eta(5)-Me(5)C(5); Ln = La, Sm, Y, Lu; E = CH, N; TMS = SiMe(3)) serve as effective precatalysts for the rapid intramolecular hydrophosphination/cyclization of the phosphinoalkenes and phosphinoalkynes RHP(CH(2))(n)()CH=CH(2) (R = Ph, H; n = 3, 4) and H(2)P(CH(2))(n)C triple bond C-Ph (n = 3, 4) to afford the corresponding heterocycles and respectively. Kinetic and mechanistic data for these processes exhibit parallels to, as well as distinct differences from, organolanthanide-mediated intramolecular hydroamination/cyclizations. The turnover-limiting step of the present catalytic cycle is insertion of the carbon-carbon unsaturation into the Ln-P bond, followed by rapid protonolysis of the resulting Ln-C linkage. The rate law is first-order in [catalyst] and zero-order in [substrate] over approximately one half-life, with inhibition by heterocyclic product intruding at higher conversions. The catalyst resting state is likely a lanthanocene phosphine-phosphido complex, and dimeric [Cp'(2)YP(H)Ph](2) was isolated and cystallographically characterized. Lanthanide identity and ancillary ligand structure effects on rate and selectivity vary with substrate unsaturation: larger metal ions and more open ligand systems lead to higher turnover frequencies for phosphinoalkynes, and intermediate-sized metal ions with Cp'(2) ligands lead to maximum turnover frequencies for phosphinoalkenes. Diastereoselectivity patterns also vary with substrate, lanthanide ion, and ancillary ligands. Similarities and differences in hydrophosphination vis-à-vis analogous organolanthanide-mediated hydroamination are enumerated.
Apparatus for combined nanoscale gravimetric, stress, and thermal measurements (2018)

We present an apparatus that allows for the simultaneous measurement of mass change, heat evolution, and stress of thin film samples deposited on quartz crystal microbalances (QCMs). We show device operation at 24.85 ± 0.05 °C under 9.31 ± 0.02 bars of H<sub>2</sub> as a reactive gas. Using a 335 nm palladium film, we demonstrate that our apparatus quantifies curvature changes of 0.001 m<sup>-1</sup>. Using the QCM curvature to account for stress induced frequency changes, we demonstrate the measurement of mass changes of 13 ng/cm<sup>2</sup> in material systems exhibiting large stress fluctuations. We use a one-state nonlinear lumped element model to describe our system with thermal potentials measured at discrete positions by three resistance temperature devices lithographically printed on the QCM. By inputting known heat amounts through lithographically defined Cr/Al wires, we demonstrate a 150 <i>μ</i>W calorimetric accuracy and 20 <i>μ</i>W minimum detectable power. The capabilities of this instrument will allow for a more complete characterization of reactions occurring in nanoscale systems, such as the effects of hydrogenation in various metal films and nanostructures, as well as allow for direct stress compensation in QCM measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Splitting Water with Cobalt (2011)

Abstract Review: ca. 250 refs.
Development of an Electrical Model for Lithium-Ion Ultracapacitors (2014)

Accurate knowledge of the electrical characteristics of an energy storage device is of high importance when utilized in any power system to achieve proper charging and discharging modes without inflicting any damage to its structure. In this paper, a Li-ion ultracapacitor, a hybrid type of energy storage, is thoroughly studied. This type of ultracapacitors has high energy density, high power density, high efficiency, long cycle life, and superior performance under high temperatures. Testing, analysis, and modeling of this energy storage device are presented in details. A battery-based model and a capacitor-based model are proposed. A series of dc and ac tests has been conducted at various temperatures to develop an electrical model spanning, the entire domain of temperatures under which the ultracapacitor can normally and safely operate. These models have been verified for model accuracy via simulation and comparison with the test results for both a single ultracapacitor cell and a 360 V ultracapacitor module built in the laboratory. Both coulombic and energy efficiency have also been investigated at different temperatures and current ratings.
Active drag reduction of a high-drag Ahmed body based on steady blowing (2018)

Active drag reduction of an Ahmed body with a slant angle of $25^{\circ }$ , corresponding to the high-drag regime, has been experimentally investigated at Reynolds number $Re=1.7\times 10^{5}$ , based on the square root of the model cross-sectional area. Four individual actuations, produced by steady blowing, are applied separately around the edges of the rear window and vertical base, producing a drag reduction of up to 6–14 %. However, the combination of the individual actuations results in a drag reduction 29 %, higher than any previous drag reductions achieved experimentally and very close to the target (30 %) set by automotive industries. Extensive flow measurements are performed, with and without control, using force balance, pressure scanner, hot-wire, flow visualization and particle image velocimetry techniques. A marked change in the flow structure is captured in the wake of the body under control, including the flow separation bubbles, over the rear window or behind the vertical base, and the pair of C-pillar vortices at the two side edges of the rear window. The change is linked to the pressure rise on the slanted surface and the base. The mechanisms behind the effective control are proposed. The control efficiency is also estimated.
High efficiency CD91- and LOX-1-mediated re-presentation of gp96-chaperoned peptides by MHC II molecules. (2010)

Exogenous antigens enter antigen-presenting cells through non-specific mechanisms and are presented by the MHC II molecules. We show here that antigens chaperoned by the heat shock protein gp96 enter dendritic cells and B cells through a specific, CD91- and LOX-1-mediated mechanism, and are presented by MHC II molecules, in addition to MHC I molecules as previously demonstrated. Receptor utilization results in high efficiency uptake such that antigen concentrations as low as 10(-9) M, if chaperoned by gp96, lead to productive antigen presentation. Chaperoning by gp96 increases the efficiency of uptake over un-chaperoned peptides by up to two orders of magnitude. Consistent with these studies in vitro, immunization of mice with gp96-peptide complexes (containing 5 ng peptide) results in generation of a peptide-specific CD4+ T cell response. The high efficiency suggests a mechanism in which dendritic cells, exposed in vivo to heat shock protein-chaperoned peptides liberated by virus-infected host cells or by the lysis of infecting bacteria, may prime and expand specific CD4+ responses.
Hypotonic cell volume regulation in mouse medullary thick ascending limb: effects of ADH (1988)

Differential interference contrast microscopy was used in combination with standard electrophysiological techniques in the in vitro perfused mouse medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (MAL) to evaluate the cell volume responses of this nephron segment during and following exposure to hypotonic media and to assess the role of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and net salt absorption on the associated volume regulatory processes. Reductions in extracellular osmolality by 50 mosmol resulted in rapid increases in cell volume of approximately 20% with or without exposure to ADH. Cell volume recovery (volume-regulatory decrease, VRD) was much slower in the presence, than in the absence, of ADH. This hormone-mediated impairment of the VRD response could be overcome by the abolishment of net salt absorption with luminal 10(-4) M furosemide. An inverse linear relationship was observed between the rates of net salt absorption and VRD, indicating a finite ability of this nephron segment to enhance solute exit mechanisms whether induced by increases in transcellular traffic or by hypotonic cell swelling. Finally, returning to the isotonic media resulted in cell shrinkage under all conditions [+/- ADH and +(ADH and furosemide)] consistent with cell solute loss mediating VRD. However, recovery of cell volume back to the initial isotonic control value [post-VRD volume regulatory increase (VRI)] was only observed in ADH-treated tubules and was independent of net salt absorption. The post-VRD VRI response could be abolished by isohydric CO2-HCO3- removal or by addition of 10(-4) M amiloride to the peritubular medium. The latter results suggest that parallel Na+-H+ and Cl- -HCO3- exchangers located in basolateral membranes mediate the post-VRD VRI response.
Lymphatic Malformations: Genetics, Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies (2021)

Lymphatic vessels maintain tissue fluid homeostasis by returning to blood circulation interstitial fluid that has extravasated from the blood capillaries. They provide a trafficking route for cells of the immune system, thus critically contributing to immune surveillance. Developmental or functional defects in the lymphatic vessels, their obstruction or damage, lead to accumulation of fluid in tissues, resulting in lymphedema. Here we discuss developmental lymphatic anomalies called lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies that manifest as localized or multifocal lesions of the lymphatic vasculature, respectively. They are rare diseases that are caused mostly by somatic mutations and can present with variable symptoms based upon the size and location of the lesions composed of fluid-filled cisterns or channels. Substantial progress has been made recently in understanding the molecular basis of their pathogenesis through the identification of their genetic causes, combined with the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms in animal disease models and patient-derived lymphatic endothelial cells. Most of the solitary somatic mutations that cause lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies occur in genes that encode components of oncogenic growth factor signal transduction pathways. This has led to successful repurposing of some targeted cancer therapeutics to the treatment of lymphatic malformations and complex lymphatic anomalies. Apart from the mutations that act as lymphatic endothelial cell-autonomous drivers of these anomalies, current evidence points to superimposed paracrine mechanisms that critically contribute to disease pathogenesis and thus provide additional targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we review these advances and discuss new treatment strategies that are based on the recently identified molecular pathways.