gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual Representations for Semantic Target Driven Navigation (2019)

What is a good visual representation for navigation? We study this question in the context of semantic visual navigation, which is the problem of a robot finding its way through a previously unseen environment to a target object, e.g. go to the refrigerator. Instead of acquiring a metric semantic map of an environment and using planning for navigation, our approach learns navigation policies on top of representations that capture spatial layout and semantic contextual cues. We propose to use semantic segmentation and detection masks as observations obtained by state-of-the-art computer vision algorithms and use a deep network to learn the navigation policy. The availability of equitable representations in simulated environments enables joint training using real and simulated data and alleviates the need for domain adaptation or domain randomization commonly used to tackle the sim-to-real transfer of the learned policies. Both the representation and the navigation policy can be readily applied to real non-synthetic environments as demonstrated on the Active Vision Dataset [1]. Our approach successfully gets to the target in 54% of the cases in unexplored environments, compared to 46% for a non-learning based approach, and 28% for a learning-based baseline.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Amino Acid Synthesis: Mitsunobu Reaction on Chiral Cyanohydrins. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrical Analysis of Multi-board PCB Systems with Differential Signaling Considering Non-ideal Common Ground Connection (2007)

Non-uniform current return path in multi-board systems induces significant common mode noise in high speed differential signals. The effect of the common mode noise on electrical signals considering inductance of inter-board connectors is described in this paper using measurement and modeling results. An effective and accurate method for modeling the common mode noise is proposed to ensure better design practices.
Lignans and norlignans inhibit multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1)-mediated transport. (2010)

Lignans and norlignans can inhibit MRP1-mediated transport from human erythrocytes and should be further investigated as possible agents reversing multidrug resistance.
Characteristics of step-graded In x Ga 1−x As and InGaP y Sb 1−y metamorphic buffer layers on GaAs substrates (2011)

Step-graded InGaP y Sb 1−y and In x Ga 1−x As metamorphic buffer layer (MBL) structures are grown on GaAs substrates by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). AFM analysis indicates that graded group V InGaP y Sb 1−y MBLs exhibit significantly lower surface roughness (∼4.7nm) compared with more conventional graded group III In x Ga 1−x As MBLs, which typically have rms surface roughness in the range of 7–14nm. To reduce the surface roughness of the In x Ga 1−x As MBL, a post growth Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) procedure is implemented. AFM image analysis indicates the CMP process is effective in reducing the step-graded In x Ga 1−x As MBL surface roughness from ∼7.3 nm (as-grown) to 2.3 nm post CMP. Preliminary studies indicate that bulk InGaAs layers regrown on top of the MBL subjected to CMP exhibit improved static and transient PL characteristics compared with those deposited on as-grown MBLs.
PNPLA3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Prevalence and Association with Liver Disease in a Diverse Cohort of Persons Living with HIV (2021)

In persons living with HIV (PLWH), there are multiple sources of liver injury. Gene polymorphisms of PNPLA3 (patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 3) have been identified as an important cofactor for increased disease severity in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We utilized a well-characterized cohort of ethnically and racially diverse patients with HIV to define the prevalence of PNPLA3 SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphism) (rs738409), and to determine the relationship to hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis. Steatosis was determined using MRI-PDFF (magnetic resonance imaging-determined proton density fat fraction) and fibrosis was estimated using MR Elastography (MRE). From the Miami Area HIV Study (MASH) cohort, 100 HIV positive participants and 40 controls (HCV/HIV = 20; HCV and HIV negative = 20) were evaluated. Nearly 40% of all participants carried the variant G allele associated with increased liver disease severity and 5% were homozygotic GG. The variant SNP occurred most frequently in those self-identified as Hispanic compared to white or Black participants. Hepatic steatosis (>5% fat) was present significantly more often in those without HIV vs. those with (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Putative NAFLD/NASH was found to be present in 6% of tested subjects, who were HIV monoinfected. BMI was lower in those that carried the G allele for PNPLA3. This finding suggests that PNPLA3 may be an independent component to NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease)/NASH development and longitudinal follow-up of the cohort is warranted.
A Probabilistic Framework for Decision-Making in Collision Avoidance Systems (2012)

This paper is concerned with the problem of decision-making in systems that assist drivers in avoiding collisions. An important aspect of these systems is not only assisting the driver when needed but also not disturbing the driver with unnecessary interventions. Aimed at improving both of these properties, a probabilistic framework is presented for jointly evaluating the driver acceptance of an intervention and the necessity thereof to automatically avoid a collision. The intervention acceptance is modeled as high if it estimated that the driver judges the situation as critical, based on the driver's observations and predictions of the traffic situation. One advantage with the proposed framework is that interventions can be initiated at an earlier stage when the estimated driver acceptance is high. Using a simplified driver model, the framework is applied to a few different types of collision scenarios. The results show that the framework has appealing properties, both with respect to increasing the system benefit and to decreasing the risk of unnecessary interventions.
Top-down and bottom-up through-thickness current anisotropy in a bilayer YBa2Cu3O7−x film (2007)

The authors find the critical current anisotropy of a bilayer YBa2Cu3O7−δ film with different pinning structures in each layer is the sum of the anisotropy of the two individual layers, revealing that it is possible to tune the anisotropy of the composite through variation of an individual layer’s thickness and pinning structure. YBa2Cu4Ox intergrowths and Dy2O3 nanodots were the dominant pinning structures in the top and bottom layers, respectively. The bottom layer of the composite was isolated using traditional Ar+ ion milling and the top layer was isolated using a focused ion beam, allowing each layer to be studied independently.
Sustained Drug Release from Non‐eroding Nanoporous Templates (2009)

Nanoporous oxide coatings, such as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO), are utilized as drug-release platforms for up to weeks of delivery (see picture for doxorubicin, Dox). A burst-release phase is followed by sustained release, the kinetics of which is described by an activated surface-density-dependent desorption model. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Proprioceptive Training to Prevent Ankle Injuries in Basketball (2011)

Nike Sport Research Laboratory, Beaverton, Oregon, USA Source of funding for the original study: German Federal Institute of Sports Science. Correspondence about the original article: Eric Eils, PhD, Institute of Sport Science, Motion Science, University of Münster, Horstmarer Landweg 62b, 48149 Münster, Germany ([email protected]). Sponsorship for the Journal Club is provided by an unrestricted educational grant from Genzyme Canada.
Proton NMR of15N-Choline Metabolites Enhanced by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2009)

Chemical shifts of protons can report on metabolic transformations such as the conversion of choline to phosphocholine. To follow such processes in vivo, magnetization can be enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). We have hyperpolarized in this manner nitrogen-15 spins in (15)N-labeled choline up to 3.3% by irradiating the 94 GHz electron spin resonance of admixed TEMPO nitroxide radicals in a magnetic field of 3.35 T during ca. 3 h at 1.2 K. The sample was subsequently transferred to a high-resolution magnet, and the enhanced polarization was converted from (15)N to methyl- and methylene protons, using the small (2,3)J((1)H,(15)N) couplings in choline. The room-temperature lifetime of nitrogen polarization in choline, T(1)((15)N) approximately 200 s, could be considerably increased by partial deuteration of the molecule. This procedure enables studies of choline metabolites in vitro and in vivo using DNP-enhanced proton NMR.
Coordinated Average EIRP Control of Radio Transmitters for EMF Exclusion Zone Computation (2021)

The 4G and 5G deployment of massive MIMO capable radios increase peak EIRPs, which in turn increase the sizes of the RF EMF exclusion zones applied for the general public and workers if time averaging is not considered, sometimes to dimensions exceeding 20 meters. The deployment becomes even more challenging when multiple massive MIMO transmitters are co-sited with overlapping antenna ranges. This letter therefore proposes an algorithm for joint control of the time averaged EIRP produced by all co-sited radio transmitters at a site. The algorithm minimizes a new throughput degradation criterion, based on long term traffic averages of each radio transmitter. Simulations show that the controller improves the total throughput of the site and/or reduces the size of the total computed RF EMF exclusion zone, as compared to when per-radio average power control is applied.
Stepping away from purified solvents in reductive catalytic fractionation: a step forward towards a disruptive wood biorefinery process (2023)

By using unpurified solvents in a reductive catalytic wood fractionation process, its economics, sustainability and efficiency can be drastically improved.
3-Ketosteroid Reductase Activity and Expression by Fetal Rat Osteoblasts (2007)

In addition to reproductive tissue, sex hormones induce transcriptional events in many connective tissue cells, including osteoblasts. Some sex hormone receptor modulators with bone sparing effects selectively target estrogen or androgen receptors, whereas others appear more promiscuous, in part through enzymatic metabolism. Rat osteoblasts express significant oxidative 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, which can convert precursor substrates to potent androgen receptor agonists. Here we show that they also express 3-ketosteroid reductase activity, exemplified by 7-methyl-17-ethynyl-19-norandrostan-5 (10)en-3-one (tibolone) conversion to potent estrogen receptor alpha agonists. Conversion was rapid and quantitative, with 3alpha-hydroxytibolone as the primary metabolite. Consistently, tibolone induced estrogen receptor alpha-dependent gene promoter activity through cis-acting estrogen response elements, increased the stimulatory effect of TGF-beta on Smad-dependent gene promoter activity, and enhanced prostaglandin E2-induced activity of transcription factor Runx2. Rat osteoblasts express the 3-ketosteroid reductase AKR1C9, an aldo-keto reductase gene family member. Exposure to prostaglandin E2 increased AKR1C9 gene promoter activity and mRNA expression. AKR1C9 promoter activity was also enhanced by overexpression of protein kinase A catalytic subunit or transcription factor C/EBPdelta, and the effect of PGE2 was reduced by dominant negative C/EBPdelta competition or C/EBPdelta antisense expression. Moreover, prostaglandin E2 increased the amount of functional endogenous nuclear C/EBPdelta that could bind specifically to a distinct domain approximately 1.8-kb upstream from the start site of AKR1C9 transcription. In summary, in addition to 3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, rat osteoblasts express significant and regulatable 3-ketosteroid reductase activity. Through these enzymes, they may selectively metabolize precursor compounds into potent steroid receptor agonists locally within bone.
NiCuCoS3 chalcogenide as an efficient electrocatalyst for hydrogen and oxygen evolution (2021)

Herein, a newly developed non-noble metal water splitting catalyst based on NiCuCoS3 was reported. Water splitting catalysts are largely developed with noble-based transition metals to lower the energy requirement for the overall water splitting reactions. However, the high cost of precious metal-based catalyst necessitated ongoing search for cheap and efficient oxygen and hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts. NiCuCoS3 were prepared by solventless solid state method and was well characterized by several techniques including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform infrared red spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (XEDS). The as-prepared NiCuCoS3 was applied for water splitting activities with satisfactory performance. The onset for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH was noticed at the electrode potential E = 1.78 V/RHE (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode corresponding to an overpotential η = 0.55 V, with a current density of 10 mA cm−2 obtained at E = 1.92 V/RHE (η = 0.69 V). Similarly, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) occurred at an onset of E = −0.58 V/RHE, with a current density of 10 mA/cm2 obtained at E = 0.60 V/RHE (with η equal to E vs. RHE for the HER). Likewise, OER and HER had Tafel slopes (130 mV/dec and −116 mV/dec respectively). The developed catalyst also showed high stability as established by linear sweep voltammetry, chronoamperometry and chronopotentiometry. This approach is seen as the right track of making water electrolysis for hydrogen energy feasible through provision of low-energy requirement for electrolytic process.
Organocatalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation of Grignard Reagents (2007)

Practically all known methods for performing asymmetric allylic substitutions involve copper catalysis, and the development of a copper-free protocol would lead to different reactivity and selectivity patterns. The authors developed a new method for the allylic alkylation, based on the activation of organomagnesium reagents by a chiral Lewis base. The products bearing an all-carbon quaternary chiral center were obtained with high enantioselectivity and can be readily transformed into useful enantiopure intermediates such as unnatural amino acids.
Novel In situ Probe for Monitoring Polymer Curing (1996)

A novel probe design for in situ fiber-optic Raman spectroscopy has been tested and employed for real-time monitoring of an epoxy curing. The epoxy system consists of diglycidylether of bisphenol-A and polyoxypropylenetriamine. The probe consists of a single fiber optic and a small section of Teflon® tubing. The tube acts as a waveguide and sample holder. Raman signal enhancements of 15 x were observed with the employment of the tube compared to those of spectra acquired with the single fiber alone. This analysis studied the C-H stretching region of the epoxide, where previously studies have centered around the fingerprint region. The small volume of the probe and large surface area allow it to be used effectively as a method of polymer thin-film measurement. It is also effective in bulk polymer measurements because of a negligible amount of heat trapped in the sample during curing. This gives the probe a temperature and reaction rate characteristic of the polymer surrounding it. Multivariate analysis was employed to interpret and analyze the numerous spectra taken during analyses. Multivariate techniques show that both curing and sample internal temperature information can be derived from the Raman spectra.
Optimal non-linear line-of-flight estimation in positron emission tomography (2003)

Detection of high-energy photons emitted as the result of positron decay is one of the most important low-level stages in PET imaging. In this paper we consider a detector based on the Anger scintillation camera. Incident high-energy gamma quanta, generated due to positron decay, produce scintillation effect in the crystal. As a result, a shower of low energy photons in the visible and UV spectra is emitted. These photons are collected by an array of photo-multipliers (PMTs), optically coupled to the scintillation crystal, and invoke electric impulses in them. The PMT responses are utilized in estimation of the scintillation point coordinates. Our work incorporates side information on the photon incidence angle into the process of position estimation. We use localized, asymptotically optimal, nonlinear estimators, implemented by feedforward and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks. As a byproduct, we get accurate position estimation over the entire area of the detector including the edges. This is difficult to obtain with centroid arithmetic algorithms. We present a comparison of algorithms on a Monte Carlo simulation and discuss the prospects for practical implementation.
Electronic absorption and MCD spectra of M2(TMB)42+, M = rhodium and iridium. A valence-bond description of the upper electronic excited states (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronic absorption and MCD spectra of M2(TMB)42+, M = rhodium and iridium. A valence-bond description of the upper electronic excited statesDavid C. Smith, Vincent M. Miskowski, W. Roy Mason, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 10, 3759–3767Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00166a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00166a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: A Flexible, Convergent Approach to Polycyclic Indole Structures: Formal Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Mersicarpine. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Idiotype Systems Update (1992)

We analysed the clinical and laboratory features of 16 males in comparison with 231 females from a series of 247 unselected patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). There was no significant difference between male and female patients with regard to age at onset and age at diagnosis. Apart from serositis, which was found to occur at a significantly higher frequency in male patients, the incidence of clinical features at disease onset was similar in both sexes. Analysis of clinical findings during the evolution of the disease showed no significant difference between male and female patients. Similarly, no significant immunological difference was found between the two groups. Thus, except for a higher frequency of serositis as the presenting symptom in males, we could not find any notable differences in clinical and serological parameters of male and female patients with SLE.
Interaction of acetylcholinesterase with the enantiomers of malaoxon and isomalathion (1993)

The biomolecular reaction constants (ki), dissociation constants (Kd), and phosphorylation constants (kp) were determined for the enantiomers of malaoxon against rat brain acetylcholinesterase, and for the stereoisomers of isomalathion against rat brain acetylcholinesterase and electric eel acetylcholinesterase. (R)-Malaoxon was an 8.6-fold more potent anti-cholinesterase than (S)-malaoxon. Isomalathion stereoisomers with the R configuration at carbon were 3-13-fold stronger inhibitors than those with the S configuration. The isomalathion stereoisomers with the R configuration at phosphorus were 4.3-8.8-fold stronger inhibitors of rat brain acetylcholinesterase, yet 3.4-5.8-fold weaker inhibitors of electric eel acetylcholinesterase, than the isomalathion stereoisomers with the S configuration at phosphorus. The rat brain acetylcholinesterase spontaneous (k0 = approximately 13.0 x 10(-3) min-1) and oxime-mediated (koxime) = 51.0 x 10(-3) min-1) reactivation rate constants following inhibition by isomalathion stereoisomers with the R configuration at phosphorus were comparable to spontaneous (11.3 x 10(-3) min-1) and oxime-mediated (50.2 x 10(-3) min-1) reactivation rates obtained for (S)-isoparathion methyl. These data support a common phosphorylation mechanism, namely, the displacement of the thiosuccinyl moiety from isomalathion stereoisomers with the R configuration at phosphorus, and displacement of the p-nitrophenoxy ligand from (S)-isoparathion methyl to form the same O,S-dimethyl phosphorothiolated enzyme. Rat brain acetylcholinesterase inhibited by the isomalathion stereoisomers with the S configuration at phosphorus were refractory to reactivation, suggesting an alternate mechanism of inhibition, i.e., the loss of the methylthio ligand. Several mechanisms are proposed to account for the subsequent nonreactivation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Roles of theAspergillus nidulanshomologues of Tup1 and Ssn6 in chromatin structure and cell viability (2008)

For three different carbon catabolite repressible promoters, alcA, alcR and the bidirectional promoter prnD-prnB, a deletion of rcoA, the Aspergillus nidulans homologue of TUP1, does not result in carbon catabolite derepression. Surprisingly, it results in disruption of the chromatin default structure of alcR and prnD-prnB promoters. In these promoters, and at variance with the wild type, repression occurs in the absence of nucleosome positioning. For alcR, repression occurs together with a nucleosome pattern identical to that found under conditions of full expression, and for prnD-prnB it occurs with a novel pattern that does not correspond to the pattern seen under conditions of repression in a wild-type strain. Deletion of the putative RcoA partner, SsnF, is lethal in A. nidulans.