gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum Fluctuations and the Lorenz Equations (1985)

The quantization of the Lorenz equations is shown to take the form of two complex and one real stochastic differential equations with multiplicative noise. Phase diffusion is the dominant feature for small values of the noise. Quantities such as the probability of the modulus of the variables are unchanged from those in the classical Lorenz equations. Moreover a unique fractal dimension can be associated with the stochastic process. For large noises there is a radical breakdown of this picture.
Photoinduced conformational ruffling of distorted porphyrin. Optical resolution and photochemical behavior of chiral "single-armed" porphyrin complexes (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinduced conformational ruffling of distorted porphyrin. Optical resolution and photochemical behavior of chiral "single-armed" porphyrin complexesKatsuaki Konishi, Kazuharu Miyazaki, Takuzo Aida, and Shohei InoueCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 14, 5639–5640Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00170a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00170a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Anterior Thoracoscopic Release/Fusion and Instrumentation for Spinal Deformities (2007)

Video-assisted thoracoscopy has recently evolved as an effective technique for multilevel anterior thoracic release and fusion in the treatment of spinal deformity. This minimally invasive approach was reintroduced in the early 1990s and has since become the standard approach to the anterior thoracic spine at many medical centers. In patients with scoliosis, anterior release and fusion is generally indicated for the treatment of large or rigid curves that require increased flexibility to obtain maximal correction during posterior instrumentation and fusion. Primarily, any medical history of compromised pulmonary status or intrathoracic pleural adhesion formation secondary to a prior thoracotomy or pulmonary infection should be considered a relative contraindication. Curves in which the spine has become closely approximated to the rib cage may be another relative contraindication due to the necessity of an adequate working space. The necessary number of ports is dictated mainly by the deformity being treated and the number of levels that require treatment.
2-bit Delta-sigma Modulated 32-QAM OFDM based Dual-wavelength Digital RoF Link (2021)

A dual-wavelength digital RoF link was experimentally demonstrated by OSR-reduced 2-bit delta-sigma modulated 32-QAM OFDM. The optically generated data was transmitted over 25-km SMF at receiving power of -9.9 dBm.
Enhancing genetic gain in the era of molecular breeding (2017)

As one of the important concepts in conventional quantitative genetics and breeding, genetic gain can be defined as the amount of increase in performance that is achieved annually through artificial selection. To develop pro ducts that meet the increasing demand of mankind, especially for food and feed, in addition to various industrial uses, breeders are challenged to enhance the potential of genetic gain continuously, at ever higher rates, while they close the gaps that remain between the yield potential in breeders' demonstration trials and the actual yield in farmers' fields. Factors affecting genetic gain include genetic variation available in breeding materials, heritability for traits of interest, selection intensity, and the time required to complete a breeding cycle. Genetic gain can be improved through enhancing the potential and closing the gaps, which has been evolving and complemented with modern breeding techniques and platforms, mainly driven by molecular and genomic tools, combined with improved agronomic practice. Several key strategies are reviewed in this article. Favorable genetic variation can be unlocked and created through molecular and genomic approaches including mutation, gene mapping and discovery, and transgene and genome editing. Estimation of heritability can be improved by refining field experiments through well-controlled and precisely assayed environmental factors or envirotyping, particularly for understanding and controlling spatial heterogeneity at the field level. Selection intensity can be significantly heightened through improvements in the scale and precision of genotyping and phenotyping. The breeding cycle time can be shortened by accelerating breeding procedures through integrated breeding approaches such as marker-assisted selection and doubled haploid development. All the strategies can be integrated with other widely used conventional approaches in breeding programs to enhance genetic gain. More transdisciplinary approaches, team breeding, will be required to address the challenge of maintaining a plentiful and safe food supply for future generations. New opportunities for enhancing genetic gain, a high efficiency breeding pipeline, and broad-sense genetic gain are also discussed prospectively.
Topology and phases in fermionic systems (2008)

There can exist topological obstructions to continuously deforming a gapped Hamiltonian for free fermions into a trivial form without closing the gap. These topological obstructions are closely related to obstructions to the existence of exponentially localized Wannier functions. We show that by taking two copies of a gapped, free fermionic system with complex conjugate Hamiltonians, it is always possible to overcome these obstructions. This allows us to write the ground state in matrix product form using Grassman-valued bond variables, and show insensitivity of the ground state density matrix to boundary conditions.
Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy of esophageal tissues at 100 kHz line rate (2013)

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a reflectance confocal microscopy technology that uses a diffraction grating to illuminate different locations on the sample with distinct wavelengths. SECM can obtain line images without any beam scanning devices, which opens up the possibility of high-speed imaging with relatively simple probe optics. This feature makes SECM a promising technology for rapid endoscopic imaging of internal organs, such as the esophagus, at microscopic resolution. SECM imaging of the esophagus has been previously demonstrated at relatively low line rates (5 kHz). In this paper, we demonstrate SECM imaging of large regions of esophageal tissues at a high line imaging rate of 100 kHz. The SECM system comprises a wavelength-swept source with a fast sweep rate (100 kHz), high output power (80 mW), and a detector unit with a large bandwidth (100 MHz). The sensitivity of the 100-kHz SECM system was measured to be 60 dB and the transverse resolution was 1.6 µm. Excised swine and human esophageal tissues were imaged with the 100-kHz SECM system at a rate of 6.6 mm(2)/sec. Architectural and cellular features of esophageal tissues could be clearly visualized in the SECM images, including papillae, glands, and nuclei. These results demonstrate that large-area SECM imaging of esophageal tissues can be successfully conducted at a high line imaging rate of 100 kHz, which will enable whole-organ SECM imaging in vivo.
Evaluation of a Validated Luminex-Based Multiplex Immunoassay for Measuring Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Serum to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides (2018)

This article describes the results of a study designed to bridge the World Health Organization (WHO) pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) platform to the validated Luminex-based 13-plex direct immunoassay (dLIA) platform developed by Pfizer, Inc. Both assay platforms quantify serotype-specific serum IgG antibodies (in micrograms per milliliter) against an international reference standard serum. The primary goal of this study was to determine if the dLIA is a suitable replacement for the ELISA to support clinical vaccine studies that include the evaluation of immune responses to serotypes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A, 6B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F, and 23F. Serum samples were selected from four pivotal 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (13vPnC; Prevnar 13) clinical trials on the basis of their serotype-specific IgG concentrations by ELISA. In these studies, subjects were immunized either with 13vPnC or with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (7vPnC; Prevnar). There were 1,528 of 1,574 selected samples with sufficient remaining volume for reanalysis in the dLIA. A comparison of assay results from the dLIA and ELISA platforms showed clear and robust linear quantitative relationships across all 13 serotypes. In addition, lower IgG antibody concentrations in preimmunization samples were measured in the dLIA, thus allowing better differentiation between preimmunization and low-titer postimmunization samples. Overall, the results showed that the established population-level protective threshold IgG concentration, 0.35 µg/ml of serotype-specific serum IgG antibodies, is appropriate for use for data generated using the dLIA platform developed by Pfizer, Inc., for 10 serotypes: serotypes 1, 3, 4, 6A, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19F, and 23F. On the basis of the extensive bridging analyses, however, the use of dLIA cutoff values of 0.23, 0.10, and 0.12 µg/ml is recommended for serotypes 5, 6B, and 19A, respectively. This adjustment will ensure that the consistency of the established population-level protective threshold IgG concentration is maintained when switching from the ELISA to the dLIA platform. The results of this bridging study demonstrate that the 13-plex dLIA platform is a suitable replacement for the WHO reference ELISA platform.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The pneumococcal enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) measures IgG antibodies in human serum, and it is an important assay that supports licensure of pneumococcal vaccines. The immune correlate of protection, 0.35 µg/ml of IgG antibodies, was determined by the ELISA method. Pfizer has developed a new Luminex-based assay platform to replace the ELISA. These papers describe the important work of (i) validating the Luminex-based assay and (ii) bridging the immune correlate of protection (0.35 µg/ml IgG) to equivalent values reported by the Luminex platform.
Cell-Specific Modulation of Drug Resistance in Acute Myeloid Leukemic Blasts by Diphtheria Fusion Toxin, DT388-GMCSF (1998)

Radiochemotherapy-resistant blasts commonly cause treatment failure in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and their resistance is due, in part, to overexpression of multidrug resistance (mdr) proteins. We reasoned that targeted delivery of protein synthesis inactivating toxins to leukemic blasts would reduce the cellular concentrations of relatively short half-life resistance proteins and sensitize the cells to cytotoxic drugs. To test this hypothesis, we employed human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor fused to truncated diphtheria toxin (DT388-GMCSF). The human AML cell line HL60 and its vincristine-resistant sublines, HL60Vinc and HL60VCR, were incubated in vitro for 24 h with varying concentrations of toxin. Doxorubicin was added for an additional 24 h, and cell cytotoxicity was assayed by thymidine incorporation and colony formation in semisolid medium. DT388-GMCSF sensitized HL60Vinc and HL60VCR but not HL60 to doxorubicin. Combination indices for three log cell kill varied from 0.2 to 0.3. In contrast, pretreatment with doxorubicin followed by toxins failed to show synergy. At least in the case of the vincristine-resistant cell lines, modulation of drug resistance correlated with reduction in membrane P-glycoprotein concentrations based on immunoblots with C219 antibody, flow cytometry with MRK16 antibody, and cell uptake of doxorubicin. These observations suggest clinical trials of combination therapy may be warranted in patients with refractory AML. Further, targeted toxins may represent a novel class of cell-specific modulators of drug resistance for a number of malignancies.
Finding Robust Itemsets under Subsampling (2014)

Mining frequent patterns is plagued by the problem of pattern explosion, making pattern reduction techniques a key challenge in pattern mining. In this article we propose a novel theoretical framework for pattern reduction by measuring the robustness of a property of an itemset such as closedness or nonderivability. The robustness of a property is the probability that this property holds on random subsets of the original data. We study four properties, namely an itemset being closed, free, non-derivable, or totally shattered, and demonstrate how to compute the robustness analytically without actually sampling the data. Our concept of robustness has many advantages: Unlike statistical approaches for reducing patterns, we do not assume a null hypothesis or any noise model and, in contrast to noise-tolerant or approximate patterns, the robust patterns for a given property are always a subset of the patterns with this property. If the underlying property is monotonic then the measure is also monotonic, allowing us to efficiently mine robust itemsets. We further derive a parameter-free technique for ranking itemsets that can be used for top- k approaches. Our experiments demonstrate that we can successfully use the robustness measure to reduce the number of patterns and that ranking yields interesting itemsets.
HER2 Isoforms Uniquely Program Intratumor Heterogeneity and Predetermine Breast Cancer Trajectories During the Occult Tumorigenic Phase (2021)

HER2-positive breast cancers are among the most heterogeneous breast cancer subtypes. The early amplification of HER2 and its known oncogenic isoforms provide a plausible mechanism in which distinct programs of tumor heterogeneity could be traced to the initial oncogenic event. Here a Cancer rainbow mouse simultaneously expressing fluorescently barcoded wildtype (<sup>WT</sup>HER2), exon-16 null (<sup>d16</sup>HER2), and N-terminally truncated (<sup>p95</sup>HER2) HER2 isoforms is used to trace tumorigenesis from initiation to invasion. Tumorigenesis was visualized using whole-gland fluorescent lineage tracing and single-cell molecular pathology. We demonstrate that within weeks of expression, morphologic aberrations were already present and unique to each HER2 isoform. Although <sup>WT</sup>HER2 cells were abundant throughout the mammary ducts, detectable lesions were exceptionally rare. In contrast, <sup>d16</sup>HER2 and <sup>p95</sup>HER2 induced rapid tumor development. <sup>d16</sup>HER2 incited homogenous and proliferative luminal-like lesions which infrequently progressed to invasive phenotypes whereas <sup>p95</sup>HER2 lesions were heterogenous and invasive at the smallest detectable stage. Distinct cancer trajectories were observed for <sup>d16</sup>HER2 and <sup>p95</sup>HER2 tumors as evidenced by oncogene-dependent changes in epithelial specification and the tumor microenvironment. These data provide direct experimental evidence that intratumor heterogeneity programs begin very early and well in advance of screen or clinically detectable breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS: Although all HER2 breast cancers are treated equally, we show a mechanism by which clinically undetected HER2 isoforms program heterogenous cancer phenotypes through biased epithelial specification and adaptations within the tumor microenvironment.
m-Phenylene-Linked Aromatic Poly(aminium cationic radical)s:  Persistent High-Spin Organic Polyradicals (2003)

[structure: see text] High molecular weight and networked aromatic polyamines prepared by palladium-catalyzed polycondensation were oxidized to yield the corresponding poly(aminium cationic radical)s, which displayed a substantial stability and an intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction of eight or nine spins.
Negative Link Prediction in Social Media (2014)

Signed network analysis has attracted increasing attention in recent years. This is in part because research on signed network analysis suggests that negative links have added value in the analytical process. A major impediment in their effective use is that most social media sites do not enable users to specify them explicitly. In other words, a gap exists between the importance of negative links and their availability in real data sets. Therefore, it is natural to explore whether one can predict negative links automatically from the commonly available social network data. In this paper, we investigate the novel problem of negative link prediction with only positive links and content-centric interactions in social media. We make a number of important observations about negative links, and propose a principled framework NeLP, which can exploit positive links and content-centric interactions to predict negative links. Our experimental results on real-world social networks demonstrate that the proposed NeLP framework can accurately predict negative links with positive links and content-centric interactions. Our detailed experiments also illustrate the relative importance of various factors to the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
A case of recurrent pneumonias. (2000)

A description is given of the case of a young boy who presented with repeated episodes of pneumonias since childhood. In addition, he had episodes of intermittent diarrhoeas. His investigative work-up revealed a deficiency of serum immunoglobulins, that is, hypogammaglobulinaemia. The profile was suggestive of common variable immunodeficiency. Because of the relative rarity of this disease, it is often missed leading to significant morbidity. Treatment consists of immunoglobulin replacement therapy and management of recurrent infections with appropriate drugs.
Investigating the strategies for microbial production of trehalose from lignocellulosic sugars (2017)

Trehalose, a multi-functional and value-added disaccharide, can be efficiently biosynthesized from glucose by using a synergetic carbon utilization mechanism (SynCar) which coupled phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) generation from the second carbon source with PEP-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) to promote non-catabolic use of glucose. Considering glucose and xylose present in large amounts in lignocellulosic sugars, we explored new strategies for conversion of both sugars into trehalose. Herein, we first attempted trehalose production from xylose directly, based on which, synergetic utilization of glucose, and xylose prompted by SynCar was implemented in engineered Escherichia coli. As the results, the final titer of trehalose reached 5.55 g/L in shake flask experiments. The conversion ratio or utilization efficiency of glucose or xylose to trehalose was around fourfold higher than that of the original strain (YW-3). This work not only demonstrated the possibility of directly converting xylose (C5 sugar) into trehalose (C12 disaccharide), but also suggested a promising strategy for trehalose production from lignocellulosic sugars for the first time.
Porphyrin Capped with Calix[4]arene Derivative via Hydrogen Bonds (2005)

Abstract A calix[4]arene–porphyrin duplex was prepared by mixing equimolar amounts of hydroxy or carboxy calix[4]arene derivatives and pyridyl or o-aminophenylporphyrin derivatives. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was applied to screen a suitable pair of a calix[4]arene and a porphyrin. meso-Tetra(2-pyridyl)porphyrin formed a duplex with tetrahydroxy or tetrahydroxymethylcalix[4]arene via triple or quadruple hydrogen bonds. 1H NMR spectra showed that the tetrahydroxycalix[4]arene was symmetrically located upon the porphyrin ring, whereas trihydroxycalix[4]arene was slanted on the porphyrin ring. The duplex of meso-tetra(2-pyridyl)porphyrinatocobalt(II) and tetrahydroxymethylcalix[4]arene formed a complex with benzylimidazole, which was capable of reversible dioxygen-binding. The capping structure upon porphyrin provided by calix[4]arene raised the life-time of dioxygen-adduct compared with the porphyrin without calix[4]arene.
The p160/Steroid Receptor Coactivator Family: Potent Arbiters of Uterine Physiology and Dysfunction1 (2014)

The p160/steroid receptor coactivator (SRC) family comprises three pleiotropic coregulators (SRC-1, SRC-2, and SRC-3; otherwise known as NCOA1, NCOA2, and NCOA3, respectively), which modulate a wide spectrum of physiological responses and clinicopathologies. Such pleiotropy is achieved through their inherent structural complexity, which allows this coregulator class to control both nuclear receptor and non-nuclear receptor signaling. As observed in other physiologic systems, members of the SRC family have recently been shown to play pivotal roles in uterine biology and pathobiology. In the murine uterus, SRC-1 is required to launch a full steroid hormone response, without which endometrial decidualization is markedly attenuated. From "dovetailing" clinical and mouse studies, an isoform of SRC-1 was recently identified which promotes endometriosis by reprogramming endometrial cells to evade apoptosis and to colonize as endometriotic lesions within the peritoneal cavity. The endometrium fails to decidualize without SRC-2, which accounts for the infertility phenotype exhibited by mice devoid of this coregulator. In related studies on human endometrial stromal cells, SRC-2 was shown to act as a molecular "pacemaker" of the glycolytic flux. This finding is significant because acceleration of the glycolytic flux provides the necessary bioenergy and biomolecules for endometrial stromal cells to switch from quiescence to a proliferative phenotype, a critical underpinning in the decidual progression program. Although studies on uterine SRC-3 function are in their early stages, clinical studies provide tantalizing support for the proposal that SRC-3 is causally linked to endometrial hyperplasia as well as with endometrial pathologies in patients diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome. This proposal is now driving the development and application of innovative technologies, particularly in the mouse, to further understand the functional role of this elusive uterine coregulator in normal and abnormal physiologic contexts. Because dysregulation of this coregulator triad potentially presents a triple threat for increased risk of subfecundity, infertility, or endometrial disease, a clearer understanding of the individual and combinatorial roles of these coregulators in uterine function is urgently required. This minireview summarizes our current understanding of uterine SRC function, with a particular emphasis on the next critical questions that need to be addressed to ensure significant expansion of our knowledge of this underexplored field of uterine biology.