gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperativity between the J and S elements of class II major histocompatibility complex genes as enhancers in normal and class II-negative patient and mutant B cell lines. (1995)

The class II major histocompatibility complex genes all contain in their proximal promoters three cis-elements called S, X, and Y that are conserved in both sequence and position, and a fourth element, J, conserved in sequence but not in position. J, X, and Y and, to some extent, S, have been shown to be functionally important in regulation of expression of these genes. In the present study, a protein factor that binds cooperatively to the S plus J elements of the promoter of the class II major histocompatibility complex gene DPA has been detected. Moreover, functional cooperativity between S and J in activation of the enhancerless -40 interferon-beta (-40 IFN-beta) promoter has been demonstrated. Finally, the latter assay appears to subdivide complementation group A of class II negative human B cell lines that includes both mutants generated in vitro and cells from patients with the bare lymphocyte syndrome (type II). In three of these cell lines, the enhancerless -40 IFN-beta promoter containing the S plus J elements was functionally active, while in the others it was inactive.
Laser skin welding using water absorption and heat management (2005)

Laser skin welding (LSW) is being pursued for scarless wound healing. We present a new LSW approach using a contact glass slide over the sample and rapid scanning of the laser beam around the area to be welded. This led to dramatic improvement in welding efficacy. A 400 mW beam at 1455 nm with a focused spot diameter of 80 &mu;m in air was scanned at a rate of 5mm/second over a 5mm line of incision in 5 mm x 20 mm human skin samples. Histological analysis of the welded samples using hematoxyline and eosin under unpolarized light showed full-thickness full-length weld, and that with picrosirius red F3BA stain under polarized light revealed that there was no appreciable damage. Measured tensile strength of 2.1 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> is markedly greater than our previous LSW results of 1.05 ± 0.19 kg/cm<sup>2</sup>, which is greater than the typical values of 0.4 kg/cm<sup>2</sup> obtained using sutures.
Longitudinal reliability of outcome measures in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2019)

Our data support the longitudinal design of clinical trials over at least 12 months and the combinational use of clinical and radiological surrogate outcome measures.
Characterizing packet-loss impairments in compressed video (2007)

We examine metrics to predict the visibility of packet losses in MPEG-2 and H.264 compressed video. We use subjective data that has a wide range of parameters, including different error concealment strategies and different compression standards. We evaluate SSIM, MSE, and a slice-boundary mismatch (SBM) metric for their effectiveness at characterizing packet-loss impairments.
Integer lattice method for generation of (quasi-)periodic optical coherent lattices (2021)

Triggered by the need for arrays of individually resolvable excitation foci or trapping potentials in photonics applications, coherent lattice theory describes a unique approach to design structured interference patterns. Typically, large periodicity lattices remain unexplored due to limitations in the theoretical description. Here, we present a method for efficient computation of coherent lattices, successfully covering all periodic and quasi-periodic lattices. The previously unrelated moiré theory and prime number factorization are the foundation of the proposed method. Additionally, we experimentally verify key optical coherent lattices and propose broadening their applicability towards structured light microscopy and optical trapping using photonic integrated circuits.
Experimental Comparison of GCI and Diesel Combustion in a Medium-Duty Opposed-Piston Engine (2018)

The Achates Power Inc. (API) Opposed Piston (OP) Engine architecture provides fundamental advantages that increase thermal efficiency over current poppet valve 4 stroke engines. In this paper, combustion performance of diesel and gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion in a medium duty, OP engine are shown. By using GCI, NOx and/or soot reductions can be seen compared to diesel combustion at similar or increased thermal efficiencies. The results also show that high combustion efficiency can be achieved with GCI combustion with acceptable noise and stability over the same load range as diesel combustion in an OP engine.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of α,α,α‐Trifluoromethylamines by the Copper‐Catalyzed Nucleophilic Addition of Diorganozinc Reagents to Imines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Maternal Obesity Alters Neuro-Connectivity in Baboon Offspring (2023)

Maternal obesity status was found to affect neural functional connectivity of adult offspring in in a baboon model. Significant differences in connectivity between offspring of obese mothers and age/sex matched controls were found in regions of the left temporal lobe and frontal lobe using rs-fMRI.
Size and shape recognition using measurement statistics and random 3D reference structures (2003)

Three dimensional (3D) reference structures segment source spaces based on whether particular source locations are visible or invisible to the sensor. A lensless 3D reference structure based imaging system measures projections of this source space on a sensor array. We derive and experimentally verify a model to predict the statistics of the measured projections for a simple 2D object. We show that the statistics of the measurement can yield an accurate estimate of the size of the object without ever forming a physical image. Further, we conjecture that the measured statistics can be used to determine the shape of 3D objects and present preliminary experimental measurements for 3D shape recognition.
SurfaceFleet: Exploring Distributed Interactions Unbounded from Device, Application, User, and Time (UIST 2020 Paper) (2020)

Knowledge work increasingly spans multiple computing surfaces. Yet in status quo user experiences, content as well as tools, behaviors, and workflows are largely bound to the current device—running the current application, for the current user, and at the current moment in time. SurfaceFleet is a system and toolkit that uses resilient distributed programming techniques to explore cross-device interactions that are unbounded in these four dimensions of device, application, user, and time. As a reference implementation, we describe an interface built using Surface Fleet that employs lightweight, semi-transparent UI elements known as Applets. Applets appear always-on-top of the operating system, application windows, and (conceptually) above the device itself. But all connections and synchronized data are virtualized and made resilient through the cloud. For example, a sharing Applet known as a Portfolio allows a user to drag and drop unbound Interaction Promises into a document. Such promises can then be fulfilled with content asynchronously, at a later time (or multiple times), from another device, and by the same or a different user. Video embedded below, or watch on YouTube
Pervaporation Using Hollow-Fiber Membranes for Dehydrating Acetic Acid and Water Mixtures (2006)

Matrimid hollow fibers, originally developed for standard gas separation, were adapted to dehydrate acetic acid (HAc) and water mixtures in this work. These fibers, with an integrally defect-free skin layer supported on an open porous substrate, exhibit intrinsic selectivity for gases such as N2, O2, and He. When applied to separate HAc and water mixtures, the separation factor and water flux of ∼15 and 2.5 kg/m2h, respectively, were obtained for a regular 250 μm outer diameter and 20 cm long defect-free hollow fiber in a pervaporation process at 101.5 °C. A large bore pressure change along the axial direction of hollow fibers was shown to be negatively impacting separator performance. The separation factor and water flux were, therefore, increased by ∼150% using a similar fiber with a diameter twice as large as that of the regular gas separation fiber.
Phase transformation dynamics during welding of Ti–6Al–4V (2004)

In situ time-resolved x-ray diffraction (TRXRD) experiments were used to track the evolution of the α→β→L→β→α/α′ phase transformation sequence during gas tungsten arc welding of Ti–6Al–4V. Synchrotron radiation was employed for the in situ measurements in both the fusion zone (FZ) and the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the weld, providing information about transformation rates under rapid heating and cooling conditions. The TRXRD data were coupled with the results of computational thermodynamic predictions of phase equilibria, and numerical modeling of the weld temperatures. The results show that significant superheat is required above the β transus temperature to complete the α→β transformation during weld heating, and that the amount of superheat decreases with distance from the center of the weld where the heating rates are lower. A Johnson–Mehl–Avrami phase transformation model yielded a set of kinetic parameters for the prediction of the α→β phase transformation during weld heating. Corresponding TRXRD measurements were made during weld cooling. In the HAZ, the β→α transformation during weld cooling was shown to initiate at the β transus temperature and terminate below the Ms temperature, resulting in a microstructure containing a substantial fraction of α′ martensite. In the FZ, the β→α transformation during weld cooling was shown to initiate below the Ms temperature, and to completely transform the microstructure to α′ martensite.
Combining Convex-Concave Decompositions and Linearization Approaches for\n solving BMIs, with application to Static Output Feedback (2011)

A novel optimization method is proposed to minimize a convex function subject\nto bilinear matrix inequality (BMI) constraints. The key idea is to decompose\nthe bilinear mapping as a difference between two positive semidefinite convex\nmappings. At each iteration of the algorithm the concave part is linearized,\nleading to a convex subproblem.Applications to various output feedback\ncontroller synthesis problems are presented. In these applications the\nsubproblem in each iteration step can be turned into a convex optimization\nproblem with linear matrix inequality (LMI) constraints. The performance of the\nalgorithm has been benchmarked on the data from COMPleib library.\n
Measuring of parasitic resistance of stacked chip of Si power device (2023)

Stacked chip of! Si power device is useful for both lower on-resistance and small packaged size for reduction of system size and high power efficiency. In this paper, some structures and procedure to measure parasitic resistance of the stacked chip are described.
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Novel Epigenetic Signature for Early Diagnosis in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Differentially methylated levels in neighboring CpGs on the selected candidate genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Quantitative syntheses of novel polyisobutylenes fitted with terminal primary Br, OH, NH2, and methacrylate termini (2008)

Efficient syntheses of novel polyisobutylenes (PIBs) fitted with CH2·CH2·CH2Br, or CH2·CH2·CH2OH or CH2·CH2·CH2NH2 or CH2·CH2·CH2OCOC(CH3)CH2 group are described. The key to the syntheses is the preparation of the CH2·CH2·CH2Br, by quantitative anti-Markovnikov hydrobromination of readily-available ally-terminated PIB. The PIB derivatives are obtained from the bromo intermediate, and the composition of the medium is critical for essentially quantitative conversions. The sketch summarizes the transformations and structures. Glissopal®, a commercially available PIB carrying ∼ 82% of the CH2C(CH3)CH2 end group, was also converted to the corresponding primary alcohol. The structures of the intermediates and derivatives were established by high resolution NMR spectroscopy. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.]
Wearable sensors: modalities, challenges, and prospects (2017)

Wearable sensors have recently seen a large increase in both research and commercialization. However, success in wearable sensors has been a mix of both progress and setbacks. Most of commercial progress has been in smart adaptation of existing mechanical, electrical and optical methods of measuring the body. This adaptation has involved innovations in how to miniaturize sensing technologies, how to make them conformal and flexible, and in the development of companion software that increases the value of the measured data. However, chemical sensing modalities have experienced greater challenges in commercial adoption, especially for non-invasive chemical sensors. There have also been significant challenges in making significant fundamental improvements to existing mechanical, electrical, and optical sensing modalities, especially in improving their specificity of detection. Many of these challenges can be understood by appreciating the body's surface (skin) as more of an information barrier than as an information source. With a deeper understanding of the fundamental challenges faced for wearable sensors and of the state-of-the-art for wearable sensor technology, the roadmap becomes clearer for creating the next generation of innovations and breakthroughs.
Design of wireless real time artificial sphincter control system for Urinary Incontinence (2014)

Urinary Incontinence is the most common health problem in old people, autistic kids and diabetic patients with significant social and economic impact in the quality of life. According to WHO, 20 million people are affected by Urinary Incontinence. This paper proposes an integrated architecture to continuously monitor the patients' bladder and remotely trigger the wireless artificial sphincter system using wireless power transfer in real time. After analysis, a few Ionic Electro Active Polymers (EAP) were selected to physically control the urethra. Possible designs using EAP polymer for urethra control are elaborated in this paper. This paper analyzes the major challenges of wireless power and data transfer and its impact on the design of the complete system. The proposed system provides a solution to continuously monitor the bladder and send alert messages to the control system that's on the patient's body. On receiving these alerts, patients' will remotely trigger the artificial sphincter control system to release the urine from their bladder. Thus the patients or caregivers can monitor the pressure inside their bladder and control urinal flow remotely by opening and closing the ionic EAP clip from outside. The system design has been simulated and tested with its different parameters and its results are discussed in this paper.
Detection of dopaminergic cell loss and neural transplantation using pharmacological MRI, PET and behavioral assessment (1999)

We demonstrate the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for detection of neurotransmitter stimulation using the dopamine transporter ligands amphetamine and CFT (2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane) as pharmacological challenges. We demonstrate that the unilateral loss of a hemodynamic response to either amphetamine or CFT challenge by unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioning is restored by transplantation of fetal dopamine neurons in the striatum. The time course for the hemodynamic changes parallels the time courses for dopamine release, measured by prior microdialysis studies, and also for the rotational behavior in the unilaterally lesioned animals. Transplantation of the fetal cells results in hemodynamic time courses after CFT or amphetamine challenges at the graft site that are identical to those induced both before transplantation and on the intact contralateral side. The transplantation also results in complete behavioral recovery. The spatial extent of the dopaminergic recovery in the lesioned striatum is the same when measured using either PET of tracer levels of [11C]CFT binding or MRI. These results show great promise for the application of pharmacological MRI for application to studies of dopamine cell loss and potential recovery in Parkinson's disease.
An Experiment in Physical Chemistry: Polymorphism and Phase Stability in Acetaminophen (Paracetamol) (2010)

Differential scanning calorimetry analyses of two easily prepared polymorphs of acetaminophen (also known as paracetamol) are recorded. The density of the forms can be found in the literature. Rules for heats of transition, heats of fusion, and density, as well as methods for determining the solid−solid transition temperature between the forms, are used to determine whether the two forms are enantiotropic or monotropic and to determine which is the more stable form at room temperature and pressure.
多功能生物可降解聚合物纳米药物载体:设计合成及在肿瘤靶向治疗上的应用 (2015)

Biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers have emerged as one of the most promising platforms for targeted tumor therapy owing to their excellent biocompatibility, prolonged circulation time, enhanced accumulation in tumors, and <italic>in vivo </italic>biodegradability. Remarkably, several anticancer nanomedicines based on biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers showed clear advantages, including decreased side effects and improved drug tolerance, and have advanced to clinical practices or clinical trials. However, the therapeutic outcomes are far from optimal, owing to poor <italic>in vivo</italic> stability, low tumor targetability, inefficient cellular uptake, and slow intracellular drug release, etc. Thus, the development of new strategies to improve the therapeutic efficiency of polymeric nanomedicines is of great interest. This review highlights the recent developments made by our group and others in multifunctional biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers for safe and efficient cancer chemotherapy. In particular, we will present the following four polymeric nanoscale systems: (i) chemically or physically crosslinked biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers that display markedly improved stability and tumor targetability while prohibiting drug leakage; (ii) bio-responsive, biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers that enhance tumor cell uptake via reversal of the stealth effect in response to the tumor microenvironment or rapidly and efficiently releasing drugs into the tumor tissue and/or inside the tumor cells; (iii) stimuli-responsive crosslinked biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers that elegantly address the extracellular stability and intracellular drug release dilemma; and (iv) tumor-targeted biodegradable polymeric nanocarriers that enhance drug retention in the tumor and facilitate tumor cell uptake of nanomedicines. Finally, the pros and cons of current multifunctional polymeric nanosystems are discussed. We are convinced that, with rationale design, precision preparation, and systemic research and development, various multifunctional polymeric nanoparticulate drugs will soon advance to clinical settings and play an indispensable role in targeted cancer therapy.
Deregulation of ribosomal protein expression and translation promotes breast cancer metastasis (2020)

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are shed into the bloodstream from primary tumors, but only a small subset of these cells generates metastases. We conducted an in vivo genome-wide CRISPR activation screen in CTCs from breast cancer patients to identify genes that promote distant metastasis in mice. Genes coding for ribosomal proteins and regulators of translation were enriched in this screen. Overexpression of <i>RPL15</i>, which encodes a component of the large ribosomal subunit, increased metastatic growth in multiple organs and selectively enhanced translation of other ribosomal proteins and cell cycle regulators. RNA sequencing of freshly isolated CTCs from breast cancer patients revealed a subset with strong ribosome and protein synthesis signatures; these CTCs expressed proliferation and epithelial markers and correlated with poor clinical outcome. Therapies targeting this aggressive subset of CTCs may merit exploration as potential suppressors of metastatic progression.
Wideband <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math> </inline-formula>-Beam Arrays Using Low-Complexity Algorithms and Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits (2018)

This paper proposes a low-complexity wideband beamforming subarray for millimeter wave (mmW) 5G wireless communications. The multibeam subarray is based on using a novel delay Vandermonde matrix (DVM) algorithm to efficiently generate analog true-time-delay beams that have no beam squint. A factorization for the DVM leading to low-complexity analog realizations is provided and complexity analysis for real and complex inputs is derived. The DVM is a special case of a Vandermonde matrix but with complex nodes that lack any special properties (unlike the discrete Fourier transform matrix). Error bounds for the DVM are established and then analyzed for numerical stability. Mixed-signal CMOS integrated circuits designs are proposed for the implementation of DVM multibeam algorithms along with low-complexity digital realizations to achieve hybrid beamforming for mmW applications. Analog-digital hybrid mmW multibeam beamforming circuits and systems are designed, for example, with eight beams at 28 GHz and simulated in cadence for functional verification.
Actinic extreme ultraviolet mask inspection beyond 0.25numericalaperture (2008)

The SEMATECH Berkeley actinic inspection tool (AIT) is an extreme ultraviolet (EUV)-wavelength mask inspection microscope designed for direct aerial image measurements and precommercial EUV mask research. Operating on a synchrotron bending magnet beamline, the AIT uses an off-axis Fresnel zoneplate lens to project a high-magnification EUV image directly onto a charge coupled device camera. The authors present the results of recent system upgrades that have improved the imaging resolution, illumination uniformity, and partial coherence. Benchmarking tests show image contrast above 75% for 100nm mask features and significant improvements and across the full range of measured sizes. The zoneplate lens has been replaced by an array of user-selectable zoneplates with higher magnification and numerical aperture (NA) values up to 0.0875, emulating the spatial resolution of a 0.35NA 4× EUV stepper. Illumination uniformity is above 90% for mask areas 2μm wide and smaller. An angle-scanning mirror reduces the high coherence of the synchrotron beamline light source giving measured σ values of approximately 0.125 at 0.0875NA.
Evaluation of Out-of-Plane Sensitivity and Artifacts in Photoacoustic Imaging (2017)

Photoacoustic Imaging (PAI) systems are rapidly emerging biomedical diagnostic devices. We investigated PAI out-of-plane artifacts using biorealistic tissue phantoms, which can support device optimization, clinical translation, and inter-comparison.
Development of Optimization method about Capital Structure and Senior-Sub Structure by considering Project-Risk (2006)

Private finance initiative is a business scheme that materializes social infrastructure and public services by utilizing private-sector resources. In this paper we propose a new method to optimize capital structure, which is the ratio of capital to debt, and senior-sub structure, which is the ratio of senior loan to subordinated loan, for private finance initiative. We make the quantitative analysis of a private finance initiative's project using the proposed method. We analyze trade-off structure between risk and return in the project, and optimize capital structure and senior-sub structure. The method we propose helps to improve financial stability of the project, and to make a fund raising plan that is expected to be reasonable for project sponsor and moneylender.