gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indoor Millimeter-Wave Systems: Design and Performance Evaluation (2020)

Indoor areas, such as offices and shopping malls, are a natural environment for initial millimeter-wave (mmWave) deployments. While we already have the technology that enables us to realize indoor mmWave deployments, there are many remaining challenges associated with system-level design and planning for such. The objective of this article is to bring together multiple strands of research to provide a comprehensive and integrated framework for the design and performance evaluation of indoor mmWave systems. The paper introduces the framework with a status update on mmWave technology, including ongoing fifth generation (5G) wireless standardization efforts, and then moves on to experimentally-validated channel models that inform performance evaluation and deployment planning. Together these yield insights on indoor mmWave deployment strategies and system configurations, from feasible deployment densities to beam management strategies and necessary capacity extensions.
Reformed Methanol Gas as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engine Fuel (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hydrogen has been proposed as a possible fuel for automotive applications. Methanol is one of the most efficient ways to store and handle hydrogen. By catalytic reformation it is possible to convert methanol into hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This paper reports an experimental investigation of Reformed Methanol Gas as Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine fuel. The aim of the experimental study is to investigate the possibility to run an HCCI engine on a mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, to study the combustion phasing, the efficiency and the formation of emissions.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Reformed Methanol Gas (RMG) was found to be a possible fuel for an HCCI engine. The heat release rate was lower than with pure hydrogen but still high compared to other fuels. The interval of possible start of combustion crank angles was found to be narrow but wider than for hydrogen. The high rate of heat release limited the operating range to lean (λ&amp;gt;3) cases as with hydrogen. On the other hand, operation on extremely lean mixtures (λ=6) was possible. The operating range was investigated using intake air temperature for control and also this control interval was found to be narrow but more extensive than for pure hydrogen, especially when richer cases were run. The maximal load in HCCI mode was a net Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEPn) of 3.5 bar for RMG. This is the same maximum IMEPn as for hydrogen. It is about half the load possible in Spark Ignition (SI) mode and about half the maximal load in HCCI mode with other fuels. For the loads where HCCI operation was possible, indicated thermal efficiency for HCCI was superior to that of SI operation. The indicated overall efficiency of the engine-reformer system is as high for SI as for HCCI operation when RMG is used as fuel. NOx emissions were, as expected, found to decrease when the equivalence ratio was lowered. High levels of carbon monoxide were found in the exhaust. Emissions of hydrocarbons were detected, probably originating from evaporated and partially oxidized lubrication oil.&lt;/div&gt;
High-mobility and low-parasitic resistance characteristics in strained Ge nanowire pMOSFETs with metal source/drain structure formed by doping-free processes (2012)

Metal source/drain (S/D) Ge nanowire MOSFETs with a compressive strain as high as 3.8% were fabricated by the 2-step Ge-condensation technique without intentional doping for the S/D. Record high inversion hole mobility (μ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> = 855 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs @ N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> = 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> ) and saturation drain current 731μA/μm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> =-1V were achieved among Ge nanowire pFETs ever reported. It is found that the extremely low contact resistivity ρ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ~ 4×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> O cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the Schottky contact contributes to the high saturation current as well as the high mobility.
The net environmental benefit of a sewage treatment plant towards human health, natural ecosystems and resource/exergy consumption (2015)

We have applied a state-of-the-art environmental sustainability assessment to an energy positive sewage treatment plant, its supply chain and resource recovery processes. Resource recovery occurred through digestion of sewage sludge resulting in digestate and burning of the produced biogas with electricity generation. The digestate was after composting applied to land as a fertilizer. Important aspects of our study are: measurement of greenhouse gas emissions (including N2O), a holistic environmental impact assessment, and accounting for infrastructure, replacement of conventional fertilizers and toxicity of metals present in the digestate. Additional co-susbstrate is added to the digester. The impact of replaced products (conventional electricity and agricultural fertilizers) and direct sewage disposal was substracted from the environmental impact as such to obtain the net environmental benefit. Resource consumption was quantified as the cumulative exergy extracted from the natural environment (CEENE), addressing all relevant resource categories. Biodiversity loss and human health impact were calculated via the ReCiPe method. The complete system is estimated to have led to a prevention of resource extraction from nature (-2.5 MJex m-3 treated wastewater: 2.5 MJex saved). A negative global warming potential of -0.002 kg CO2-equivalents m-3 was obtained; the high impact of N2O emission was counteracted by displacement of greenhouse emissions of conventional electricity production and fertilizer production and application. On the other hand, mainly due to heavy metal toxicity induced by Zn present in the digestate, a damaging impact on human health was estimated up to a loss of 5.20 healthy seconds of human life m-3 treated wastewater. Hence, overall, it would be better, out of caution, to ﬁrst ﬁnd means to lower the heavy metal, especially Zn, content in the stabilized digestate before applying it to the land. A potential prevention of ecosystem damage (as biodiversity loss) was quantified, though for some impact categories this could not be quantified. One of the latter categories is marine eutrophication and the environmental benefit of nitrogen removal (one of the main aims of such a treatment plant) could hence not be expressed. Generally, the field of LCA needs further development to present a better and aggregated outcome.
Diastereoselective additions of chiral (E)-crotylsilanes to .alpha.-alkoxy and .beta.-alkoxy aldehydes. A one-step, silicon-directed tetrahydrofuran synthesis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiastereoselective additions of chiral (E)-crotylsilanes to .alpha.-alkoxy and .beta.-alkoxy aldehydes. A one-step, silicon-directed tetrahydrofuran synthesisJames S. Panek and Michael YangCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 26, 9868–9870Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00026a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00026a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views832Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Esterification and De‐Esterification of Carbohydrates: Synthesis of a Naturally Occurring Rhamnopyranoside of p‐ Hydroxybenzaldehyde and a Systematic Investigation of Lipase‐Catalyzed Acylation of Selected Arylpyranosides (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Experimental Investigation of Normal Shock Wave-Vortex Interactions (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1179.vid Interactions between vortices and shock waves, which are often encountered in transonic and supersonic flows, can cause the vortices to break down or burst. Experiments aimed at better understanding these interactions are performed in the range Mach 1.3 to Mach 1.5, with a particular focus on obtaining validation-quality reference data. The resulting measurements provide valuable information to improve prediction of normal shock-induced vortex breakdown at these Mach numbers through a number of physical observations. Firstly, high-speed schlieren visualisation demonstrates that there is a direct link between vortex breakdown and local perturbations in the wave pattern. In addition, a new type of interaction is identified at Mach 1.3, characterised by intermittent breakdown events which are likely caused by feedback between vortex breakdown and adverse pressure gradient. Finally, at the higher Mach numbers, the favourable streamwise pressure gradient imposed by the separation of the tunnel wall boundary layers appears to stabilise the vortex and delay the onset of breakdown.
Free radical polymerization within mesoporous zeolite channels (1997)

Abstract Free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) within the uniform channels of the mesoporous zeolite MCM‐41 proceeds at 100°C to give a high molecular weight polymer (PMMA). The formation of long‐living propagating polymer‐radicals is observed by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The molecular weight of PMMA within the mesopores can be controlled over a wide range by changing the monomer‐to‐initiator mole ratio.
The Active Component of the Bioemulsifier Alasan from Acinetobacter radioresistens KA53 Is an OmpA-Like Protein (2002)

The bioemulsifier of Acinetobacter radioresistens KA53, referred to as alasan, is a high-molecular-weight complex of polysaccharide and protein. Recently, one of the alasan proteins, with an apparent molecular mass of 45 kDa, was purified and shown to constitute most of the emulsifying activity. The N-terminal sequence of the 45-kDa protein showed high homology to an OmpA-like protein from Acinetobacter spp. In the research described here the gene coding for the 45-kDa protein was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in Escherichia coli. Recombinant protein AlnA (35.77 kDa without the leader sequence) had an amino acid sequence homologous to that of E. coli OmpA and contained 70% of the specific (hydrocarbon-in-water) emulsifying activity of the native 45-kDa protein and 2.4 times that of the alasan complex. In addition to their emulsifying activity, both the native 45-kDa protein and the recombinant AlnA were highly effective in solubilizing phenanthrene, ca. 80 microg per mg of protein, corresponding to 15 to 19 molecules of phenanthrene per molecule of protein. E. coli OmpA had no significant emulsifying or phenanthrene-solubilizing activity. The production of a recombinant surface-active protein (emulsification and solubilization of hydrocarbons in water) from a defined gene makes possible for the first time structure-function studies of a bioemulsan.
Synthesis and Thermal Stability of O-Vinylketoximes (2000)

The O-vinylketoximes 2 were synthesized from ketoximes 1 and acetylene in superbase systems in good to excellent yields. Their thermal stability was investigated.
IBC’s 6th Annual Conference on Angiogenesis: Novel Therapeutic Developments (2001)

Angiogenesis is a process that is dependent upon co-ordinate production of angiogenesis stimulatory and inhibitory (angiostatic) molecules. Any imbalance in this regulatory circuit may lead to the development of a number of angiogenesis-mediated diseases. Angiogenesis is a multi-step process including activation, adhesion, migration, proliferation and transmigration of endothelial cells across cell matrices to or from new capillaries and from existing vessels. Angiogenesis is a process involved in the formation of new vessels by sprouting from pre-existing vessels. In contrast, vessel rudiments are sorted by a process termed vasculogenesis. Endothelial heterogeneity and organ specificity might contribute to differences in the response to different anti-angiogenic mechanisms (cultured EC versus microvascular EC isolated from different tissues). Under normal physiological conditions in mature organisms, endothelial cell turnover or angiogenesis is extremely slow (from months to years). However, angiogenesis can be activated for a limited time in certain situations such as wound healing and ovulation. In certain pathological states, such as human metastasis (oncology) and ocular neovascularisation, disorders including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (ophthalmology), there is excessive and sustained angiogenesis. Hence, understanding the mechanisms involved in the regulation of angiogenesis could have a major impact in the prevention and treatment of pathological angiogenic processes. Additionally, endothelial cells play a major role in the modelling of blood vessels. The interplay of growth factors, cell adhesion molecules, matrix proteases and specific signal transduction pathways either in the maintenance of the quiescent state or in the reactivation of endothelial cells is critical in physiological and pathological angiogenic processes.
A G-quadruplex telomere targeting agent produces p16-associated senescence and chromosomal fusions in human prostate cancer cells (2004)

The trisubstituted acridine derivative BRACO-19 has been designed to interact with and stabilize the quadruplex DNA structures that can be formed by folding of the single-stranded repeats at the 3' end of human telomeres. We suggest that the BRACO-19 complex inhibits the catalytic function of telomerase in human cancer cells and also destabilizes the telomerase-telomere capping complex so that cells enter senescence. Here, we present evidence showing that the inhibition of cell growth caused by BRACO-19 in DU145 prostate cancer cells occurs more rapidly than would be expected solely by the inhibition of the catalytic function of telomerase, and that senescence is accompanied by an initial up-regulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, with subsequent increases in p16(INK4a) expression. We also show that treatment with BRACO-19 causes extensive end-to-end chromosomal fusions, consistent with telomere uncapping.
Motorized Spiral Enteroscopy for Occult Bleeding (2018)

Small-bowel disorders remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to intestinal length. Their management was revolutionized by the emergence of deep enteroscopy. In comparison with video capsule endoscopy, deep enteroscopy allows diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Spiral enteroscopy (Spirus Medical Endo-Ease Overtube) achieves progression by gentle push and manual clockwise rotation inducing pleating of the small bowel on the endoscope. It has the advantage of shorter examination time and more stability during withdrawal but requires two operators. The Novel Motorized Spiral Enteroscope (Olympus Corp.) incorporates a user-controlled motor contained in the handle of the endoscope. This would offer the possibility to accelerate the procedure, facilitate insertion, and simplify the technique with a single operator.
On Embedding Backdoor in Malware Detectors Using Machine Learning (2019)

Researching for malware detection using machine learning is becoming active. However, conventional detection techniques do not consider the impact of attacks on machine learning, which has become complicated in recent years. In this research, we focus on data poisoning attack, which is one of the typical attacks on machine learning, and aim to clarify the influence of attacks on malware detection technology. Data poisoning attack is an attack method that intentionally manipulates the predicted result of a learned model by injecting poisoning data into training data, and by applying this, it is possible to embed a backdoor that induces mis-prediction of only specific input data. In this paper, we first propose an attack framework for backdoor embedding that prevents detection of only specific types of malware by data poisoning attack. Next, we will describe a method to generate poisoning data efficiently while avoiding attack detection by solving the optimization problem. Furthermore, we take malware detection technology using logistic regression and show the effectiveness of the our method through evaluation experiments using two datasets.
Slide-agglutination for rapid serological typing of Treponema hyodysenteriae (1991)

A slide agglutination (SA) test was developed to determine the serogroup of isolates of Treponema hyodysenteriae of serogroups A to F. Rabbit antisera which are normally used for serogrouping T. hyodysenteriae in an agarose gel double-diffusion precipitation test (AGDP) were not suitable for SA because they agglutinated isolates from more than one serogroup. The agglutination reaction was made serogroup-specific by cross-absorbing the typing sera for serogroups A to F with whole treponemes from the other 5 of these 6 serogroups of T. hyodysenteriae. The absorbed sera were reacted in slide agglutination tests with 33 isolates of T. hyodysenteriae and with four non-T. hyodysenteriae intestinal spirochaetes. None of the non-T. hyodysenteriae isolates agglutinated, but 27 of the 33 isolates of T. hyodysenteriae did. The results for 26 of the 27 agglutination reactions agreed with the serogroup as determined in AGDP. One of the 6 isolates of T. hyodysenteriae which failed to react in slide agglutination was of serogroup B, 1 of serogroup D, 1 each were from new serogroups G, H and I, and 1 was untypable in AGDP.
Clipping noise mitigation using partial transmit sequence for optical OFDM systems (2014)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a promising technology to achieve higher data rates in optical wireless communication (OWC) systems. Unlike single carrier techniques, OFDM can easily handle inter-symbol interference (ISI) by adding a small redundancy, i.e., cyclic prefix (CP). However, due to the imperfections of optical transmitters, i.e., light-emitting-diodes (LEDs), and insufficient direct current (DC) biasing, OFDM signal with a large peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) can be typically clipped double sidedly. Clipping results in a noise effect in frequency domain and degrades the performance. In this paper, we propose to mitigate clipping noise effect in waveform domain using a partial transmit sequence (PTS) based approach. In this approach, at the transmitter, the input data is multiplied by a sequence of phase factors that are properly selected to reduce the PAPR of the signals and thus minimize the clipping noise. Our results show that, at the expense of a reasonable bandwidth penalty due to the transmission of the phase factors to the receiver and extra complexity exponentially proportional to the number of the phase factors, clipping noise is decreased and a considerable improvement is obtained in the BER performance.
Propene polymerization with the MgCl2-supported dichlorobis(?-diketonato)titanium catalysts activated by ordinary alkylaluminums (1998)

Several kinds of dichlorobis(β-diketonato)titanium complexes, i.e., Ti(ace-tylacetonato)2Cl2, Ti(1-benzoylacetonato)2Cl2, Ti(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato)2Cl2 and Ti(4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)2Cl2, were synthesized and the corresponding MgCl2-supported catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The test of them for propene polymerization revealed that those MgCl2-supported catalysts could be activated not only by methylaluminoxane (MAO) but also by ordinary alkylaluminums as well. The effect of typical Lewis bases on the catalyst performance was investigated in some detail, which indicated that organic silanes are most effective for the improvement of isospecificity of those catalysts. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 129–135, 1998
Synthesis and Enantioselectivity of P‐Chiral Phosphine Ligands with Alkynyl Groups (2007)

A range of asymmetric transformations are catalyzed by transition-metal complexes of the title ligands with excellent enantioselectivities. The ligands, which were applied successively in Rh-catalyzed hydrogenation and Rh- or Pd-catalyzed CC bond-forming reactions, were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of (R)-(bromo(tert-butyl)methylphosphanyl)borane (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z702513_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Plant Growth Absorption Spectrum Mimicking Light Sources (2015)

Plant factories have attracted increasing attention because they can produce fresh fruits and vegetables free from pesticides in all weather. However, the emission spectra from current light sources significantly mismatch the spectra absorbed by plants. We demonstrate a concept of using multiple broad-band as well as narrow-band solid-state lighting technologies to design plant-growth light sources. Take an organic light-emitting diode (OLED), for example; the resulting light source shows an 84% resemblance with the photosynthetic action spectrum as a twin-peak blue dye and a diffused mono-peak red dye are employed. This OLED can also show a greater than 90% resemblance as an additional deeper red emitter is added. For a typical LED, the resemblance can be improved to 91% if two additional blue and red LEDs are incorporated. The approach may facilitate either an ideal use of the energy applied for plant growth and/or the design of better light sources for growing different plants.