gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Application of Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps in QSAR of human ADMET and kinase data sets]. (2013)

QSAR predictions have been proven very useful in a large number of studies for drug design, such as kinase inhibitor design as targets for cancer therapy, however the overall predictability often remains unsatisfactory. To improve predictability of ADMET features and kinase inhibitory data, we present a new method using Kohonen's Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) to cluster molecules based on explanatory variables (X) and separate dissimilar ones. We calculated SOFM clusters for a large number of molecules with human ADMET and kinase inhibitory data, and we showed that chemically similar molecules were in the same SOFM cluster, and within such clusters the QSAR models had significantly better predictability. We used also target variables (Y, e.g. ADMET) jointly with X variables to create a novel type of clustering. With our method, cells of loosely coupled XY data could be identified and separated into different model building sets.
Delayed allograft rejection by T cell receptor Vβ8.1 transgenic mice peripherally tolerized to Mls‐1 (1994)

One commonly studied model system for peripheral tolerance is the antigen-specific unresponsiveness of T cells from mice previously inoculated with superantigens such as Mls-1a. In this study, we used a TcR V beta 8.1 transgenic mouse model to investigate whether mice peripherally tolerized to Mls-1a exhibit delayed skin allograft rejection. We report dramatic prolongation of skin allograft survival in V beta 8.1 transgenic but not in non-transgenic mice tolerized to Mls-1a. Peripherally induced unresponsiveness to Mls-1a can, therefore, be considered true tolerance.
From the Guest Editors (1987)

Presents the guest editorial for this issue of the publication.
Penser la ville (2019)

1eres lignes : Chercheur au Centre d’etudes europeennes, medaille d’argent du CNRS en 2018, ce sociologue et politiste est une figure de proue des etudes comparatives entre villes, regions et Etats d’Europe. Rencontre avec un passionne des grandes metropoles.
C’’est un pur produit de la meritocratie republicaine a la francaise, originaire de Saint-Brieuc ou il reste jusqu’au baccalaureat, entre ensuite a Sciences-Po a Paris. Apres un DEA de socio­logie a Nanterre, il decroche une bourse franco-britannique pour partir faire une partie de sa these de sociologie a Oxford. « Ca a change ma vie », raconte Patrick Le Gales, qui attrape durant ces trois annees le virus des etudes comparatives, alors peu developpees en France. Sous la direction de Vincent Wright, l’un des premiers chercheurs comparatistes sur les politiques publiques en Europe, il met en parallele centralisation britannique et decentralisation francaise et compare les modes de gouvernance des villes et les classes sociales. Pendant toute sa carriere, il n’abandonnera d’ailleurs jamais son tropisme comparatif avec le Royaume-Uni.
 
Si toutes les echelles l’interessent – regions, Etats, Europe… – ce sont les villes qui deviennent rapidement son terrain de jeu favori, alors qu’il poursuit sa carriere a Sciences-Po Rennes, puis au Centre de recherches politiques de Science-Po (Cevipof)1 ou il entre en 1998. « Depuis les annees 1980, les villes europeennes commencaient a pas mal bouger et a organiser leur developpement urbain, economique, culturel…, explique Patrick Le Gales. On a assiste a une montee des expertises, mais aussi des ressources, au niveau des municipalites, assez loin du modele qui prevalait jusque-la ou c’etait les services de l’Etat qui organisaient la cite. »
Synthesis of Cannabinoids (2008)

The psychotropic, antiemetic, analgesic, and anticonvulsant properties of Cannabis plants have been known since the third millennium BC. Cannabinoids target two cell receptors: the central cannabinoid receptor CB1 and the peri­pheral cannabinoid receptor CB2. A [2+2+2] cyclo­trimerization reaction gave access to three different cannabinoid analogues from the same intermediate, providing a flexible synthetic route.
Electromagnetic scattering analysis of dielectric wire-shaped objects in layered media using the RTBC and spline-type divided difference interpolation technique (2000)

The scattering of EM waves by a dielectric wire-shaped object in layered media is investigated by a novel method. The resistive tube boundary condition (RTBC) and the spline-type divided difference interpolation (SDDI) technique have been adopted in the analysis. The former reduces multiple integrals to line integrals, and the latter enables the complex-variable integration of Green's functions to be efficiently performed. The combination of the two approaches saves the overall computational time. To verify the validity of this method, the scattering characteristics of a resistive wire in both air and layered media are analyzed and compared with other approaches. ©2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 24: 290–292, 2000.
2194 – Association Between Lower Limb Edema And Acute Mania (2013)

Introduction Lower Limb Edema (LLE) is a common finding among admitted psychiatric patients in general and is associated with agitated state. Possible explanations include general medical condition and treatment adverse effects. Objectives To determine association between LLE and the type of psychiatric exacerbations among hospitalized patients. Methods A retrospective study was conducted using medical data from 2529 patients admitted to Geha mental Health Center between 2002 and 2012. Incident cases of LLE and the type of psychiatric exacerbation were included. A logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) for LLE among patients admitted to psychiatric hospital for manic episode, psychotic episode or depressive episode. Results Lower limb edema was diagnosed in 95 of 2529 admitted patients (3.8%). Edema was found in 38 of 366 cases of manic episode (10.4%), 41 of 1563 cases of psychotic episode (2.6%) and 16 of 600 cases of depressive episode (2.7%).OR of LLE was 4.3 (95% CI, 2.7-6.7) for manic episode vs. psychotic episode and 4.2 (95% CI, 2.3-7.6) for manic episode vs. depressive episode. Applying a multivariate model adjusted for age, sex, number of past admissions, length of hospitalization, substance abuse, cardiovascular and endocrine co-morbidities, pulse, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) score and blood test results did not substantially altered the risk for LLE associated with manic episode vs. psychotic episode(OR, 4.1 [95% CI, 1.6-9.9]). Conclusions Admission to psychiatric hospital for manic episode was associated with significantly increased risk for LLE.
Sister chromatid exchange response of various human and mouse tissues to MMC and BrdU. (1983)

The effect of two known mutagens on different human and mouse tissues was examined in an attempt to determine if tissue specific responses exist. The tissues included human lymphocytes, skin fibroblasts, ovarian and testicular cells, as well as mouse kidney, lung, ovarian and testicular cells. All cell types were exposed to varying concentrations of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), and mitomycin C (MMC). The numbers of SCEs (sister chromatid exchanges) were recorded from each tissue. Results seemed to indicate that certain of the tissues tested appeared more sensitive to particular test agents. Human ovarian and skin fibroblasts appeared more sensitive to MMC, whereas lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts appeared more sensitive to BrdU. Mouse tissues showed little or no response over the test concentration ranges of both MMC and BrdU. A human ovarian cell sample karyotyped as 44,XX,t(14;21)(p11;q11),t(14;21)(p11;q11) was tested with both agents and was found to have fewer SCEs in response to varied MMC concentrations than ovarian cells carrying the normal 46,XX karyotyped. Results appeared to suggest in human cells that an intra-individual tissue specific response to mutagens may exist.
Improved Tin Based Bearing Alloy for Low Emission Two-Stroke Engines (2012)

Recent in Two-stroke engine development for marine applications mainly deal with better and increased overall efficiency hereby reducing the CO2 emissions. Besides a mechanical design change the service conditions play a major role in enhanced efficiency. The so increased engine parameters with higher maximum pressure during combustion will inevitable increase the load on the bearings of the reciprocating parts. Since an increase in the bearing area is not possible due to the engine design parameters the object is to increase the specific load bearing capability of the bearing alloy while keeping the tribological benevolence. In particular, the fatigue properties and the strength of the used tin based alloys, commonly known as whitemetals or babbitts. This class of alloys stands out due to its emergency running capabilities, embedability and its high flexibility under edge load. Existing Al-based alloys like AlSn40 have improved fatigue properties but they fall behind on the named essential properties. Also, the dimensions of the AlSn40 bearings are limited due to the roll bonding process by which they are produced. On the other hand spin casting as standard production process of Babbitt bearings is limiting the alloying elements due to centrifugal segregation while solidification of the lining alloy. While tin based alloys are used in an environment of 90°C the homologue temperature is 0,7 which means that classic strengthening mechanisms like work-hardening and grain size effects are only shortly employable. Another restricting fact is the requirement of solid solubility for solid solution strengthening which also includes precipitation hardening. Hence there is a limited amount of elements dissolvable and not environmentally hazardous in tin this mechanism is already used to its maximum in the standard babbitts. In this paper a possible way to circumvent these limits will be presented. The use of high melting elements, compared to Sn, like Co, Ni, Mn, Al and Zn which are partly dissolvable in molten Sn, where used to improve the microstructure and therefor the overall performance of the bearing alloy. These trace elements serve as grain refinement for the primary precipitation of SbSn and CuSn during solidification. The high melting point of these elements anticipates relaxing processes in the alloy caused by diffusion at the high homologue temperature. Due to the smaller precipitations and the finer structure a better performance can be seen during tests. This leads in a higher strength while maintaining its ductility. Alternate bending tests as well as specific bearing test runs show a significant better fatigue, wear and embedability performance than standard alloys.
Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Studies of Liquid Crystalline 1-Alkyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts (2002)

A series of long-chain 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium salts ([Cn−mim]X, n = 12−18) containing the anions, chloride, bromide, trifluoromethanesulfonate (OTf), and bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFI), have been synthesized and characterized. The salts have amphiphilic characteristics, and the thermotropic phase behavior of these salts and the analogous tetrafluoroborate salt has been investigated by variable temperature small-angle X-ray scattering, polarizing optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The salts form lamellar, sheetlike arrays in the crystalline phase and an enantiomeric smectic liquid crystalline phase at higher temperatures, except for the salts containing the bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide anion which melt directly to form isotropic liquids. The nature of the anion influences the size of the interlayer spacing in both the crystal and in the mesophase. The interlayer spacing in the mesophase is largest for the anions with the greatest ability to form a three-dimensional hydrogen-bonding lattice, following the order [TFI]- < [OTf]- < [BF4]- < Br- < Cl-.
Response of visual mechanisms to stimulus onsets and offsets (1979)

Transient and sustained visual mechanisms were studied with single, flickering bars of various widths. Wide bars were largely detected on the basis of temporal luminance transients whereas thin bars were detected on the basis of the sustained contrast. A rapidly flickering uniform field selectively masked wide flickering bars, which suggests that different mechanisms detect wide versus thin flickering bars. For coarse spatial patterns, stimulus onsets were slightly more visible than stimulus offsets, and the response to onsets and offsets approximately summated.
Suppression of leukemia growth in vivo by a novel anti-FLT3 antibody-auristatin conjugate (2005)

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 46, 2005

6181 

The class III receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is an attractive therapeutic target as it is overexpressed in blasts of ∼90% of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and the majority of B-lymphoid leukemia patients. Internal tandem duplications (ITDs) in the juxtamembrane region and point mutations in the kinase domain of FLT3 are found in ∼37% of AML patients and are associated with a poor prognosis. We have recently developed a fully human, high affinity monoclonal antibody (EB10) which is readily internalized upon binding to FLT3 receptor on human leukemia cells. In the present study, a novel auristatin conjugate of the anti-FLT3 antibody (EB10-MMAF) was prepared using a dipeptide linker that allows for drug release inside the lysosomes of antigen-positive cells. The MMAF conjugates were stable in buffers and plasma. EB10-MMAF (drug/antibody ratio = 8) retained the binding affinity and internalizing capability of EB10. The conjugate was highly potent, and selectively inhibited the growth of FLT3-expressing leukemia cells with an IC50 of 0.19 nM and 0.08 nM for MV4;11 and BaF3-ITD cells (both positive for FLT3-ITD), 1.11 nM, 6.18 nM and 1.82 nM for REH, EOL-1, EM3 cells (all three positive for wild-type FLT3), and 135 nM for JM1 (negative for FLT3). An MMAF conjugate with a control antibody was not active in these cell lines (IC50s > 5.9 uM). Flow cytometric analysis with annexin V indicated that EB10-MMAF treatment induced apoptosis of leukemia cells in vitro . In vivo treatment with EB10-MMAF strongly inhibited leukemia growth and prolonged survival of mice in both EOL-1 (mean survival time ∼81.0 +/− 46.8 days for the 3 mg/kg group compared to 41.5+/−15 days for the untreated group) and BaF3-ITD (mean survival time ∼91.5 +/− 39.5 days for the 5 mg/kg group compared to 32.8 +/− 5.2 days for the untreated group) leukemia models. In summary, immunoconjugates composed of a fully human anti-FLT3 antibody and a potent auristatin drug may provide a valuable therapeutic approach for AML and other FLT3-positive leukemias. In summary, immunoconjugates composed of a fully human anti-FLT3 antibody and a potent auristatin drug may provide a valuable therapeutic approach for AML and other types of FLT3-positive leukemia.
Micro thermoelectric device with ceramic combustor (2005)

A combustor of Pt/alumina catalyst was developed for the integration on micro-thermoelectric hydrogen sensor (/spl mu/-THS) with a dispenser method. The Pt/alumina catalyst was deposited on Si substrate and the hydrogen/air mixture gas was flowed to test the combustion performance. The temperature difference, developed by the heat generated from hydrogen oxidation on the catalyst, between catalyst surface and Si substrate showed its maximum at the Pt content of 40 wt% in the catalyst. The effect of the catalyst size on the thermoelectric voltage (/spl Delta/Vs) of /spl mu/-THS was investigated. The catalyst (/spl Phi/ = 0.8 mm) smaller than the membrane developed the highest /spl Delta/Vs because of its good thermal insulation and high combustion performance. For the gas mixture of hydrogen/air, the /spl mu/-THS showed wide range hydrogen detection, 5 ppm $3%, with the /spl Delta/Vs of 0.007 mV-34 mV.
Towards global storage management and data placement (2005)

As users and companies increasingly depend on shared, networked information services, we continue to see growth in data centers and service providers. This happens as services and servers are consolidated (for ease of management and reduced duplication), while also being distributed (for fault tolerance and to accommodate the global reach of customers). Since access to data is the lifeblood of any organization, a global storage system is a core element in such an infrastructure. Based on success in automatically managing local storage, we believe that the key attribute of such a system is the ability to flexibly adapt to a variety of application semantics and requirements as they arise and as they change over time. Our work has shown that it is possible to automatically design and configure a storage system of one or more disk arrays to meet a set of application requirements and to dynamically reconfigure as needs change, all without human intervention. Work on global data placement expands the scope of this system to a world of distributed data centers.
The Malaria Vaccine Candidate GMZ2 Elicits Functional Antibodies in Individuals From Malaria Endemic and Non-Endemic Areas (2013)

These findings suggest that GMZ2 adjuvanted in Al(OH)3 elicits high levels of specific and functional antibodies with the capacity to control parasite multiplication.
A Closer Look at Domain Shift for Deep Learning in Histopathology (2019)

Domain shift is a significant problem in histopathology. There can be large differences in data characteristics of whole-slide images between medical centers and scanners, making generalization of deep learning to unseen data difficult. To gain a better understanding of the problem, we present a study on convolutional neural networks trained for tumor classification of H&amp;E stained whole-slide images. We analyze how augmentation and normalization strategies affect performance and learned representations, and what features a trained model respond to. Most centrally, we present a novel measure for evaluating the distance between domains in the context of the learned representation of a particular model. This measure can reveal how sensitive a model is to domain variations, and can be used to detect new data that a model will have problems generalizing to. The results show how learning is heavily influenced by the preparation of training data, and that the latent representation used to do classification is sensitive to changes in data distribution, especially when training without augmentation or normalization.
Detection of Bacteria in Environmental Samples by Direct PCR Without DNA Extraction (2001)

Cultured cells and environmental samples were used directly in PCRs without the isolation of DNA. Serial dilution was used to eliminate the inhibitory effect of materials in natural samples. Primers specific for pmoA, which encodes a subunit of the particulate methane monooxygenase, were used to detect and quantify methanotrophic bacteria by direct most probable number PCR. Phototrophic bacteria were detected in environmental samples by direct PCR with primers specific for pufM, and members of the bacterial domain were detected with primers for 16S rDNA. Direct PCR provides a rapid, simple, and sensitive methodfor detecting and quantifying bacteria in environmental samples. Detection of methanotrophic bacteria can be applied to monitoring bioremediation.
Nutrients, vitamins and minerals as therapy (1979)

Nutrients as therapy for patients with cancer are important as adjunctive therapy, i.e., adequate nutrition may be important for the success of whatever form of therapy is administered. Diets deficient in certain amino acids have some selectivity when tested against experimental tumors propagated in vivo. Such diets have had limited clinical trial and have been characterized by poor patient acceptance. Enzymes that produce deficiencies of certain amino acids, e.g., asparaginase, glutaminase, methioninase appear to offer a more reasonable approach to development of selective amino acid deficiencies in man. Trace metals in excessive amounts may be toxic or carcinogenic to the host. Two heavy metal salts, Cis-diamine dichloroplatinum and gallium nitrate, have recently been shown to have anti-neoplastic effects in man. There is no conclusive evidence that vitamins, administered in large doses, have significant antineoplastic effects although large doses of vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin B12 have been used for this purpose. In contrast, certain vitamin analogs such as folate antimetabolites can cause tumor regression and are useful clinical treatment. An enzyme, carboxypeptidase G1, by splitting naturally occurring folates, may also have promise as a method of producing enzymic folate deficiency.
IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits—Volume 4, No. 2 (2018)

Welcome to the fourth volume, second semiannual issue of the IEEE J ournal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits (JXCDC) a multidisciplinary, open access IEEE journal that is focused on publishing seminal research in the exploration for energy-efficient computing based on physics and materials to enable new devices, circuits, and architecture that will be of great interest to integrated circuit researchers and those working in the IT industry. The papers in the journal are selectively chosen to provide insight into the architectural, circuit, and device implications of emerging quantum nanoelectronic and nanomagnetic device technologies. Discovery of new materials, devices, and circuits for energy-efficient computational circuits will be needed to enable Moore’s law to continue for computing beyond the end of the roadmap for CMOS technologies, by enabling a significant improvement in energy efficiency and cost per function.
Interventional optical coherence tomography for surgical guidance (1998)

Summary form only given. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) uses low-coherence interferometry to perform optical ranging measurements within biological tissue. Recent advances in OCT technology have permitted high-speed imaging at 4-8 frames/s. In vivo catheter/endoscope-based OCT imaging has recently been performed in a rabbit. OCT has also shown a feasibility for surgical diagnostics and for assessing microsurgical repairs of vessels and nerves. In this study, we investigate the use of high-speed OCT as an interventional imaging modality for surgical guidance. OCT can provide continuous image-guidance for the precise delivery of high-power laser radiation and selective ablation of diseased tissue.
Electrospray Ionization (ESI) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.