gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimum sensor placement for localization of a hazardous source under log normal shadowing (2019)

We consider the problem of optimum sensor placement for localizing a hazardous source located inside an $ N $-dimensional hypersphere centered at the origin with a known radius $ r_1 $. All one knows about the probability density function (pdf) of the source location is that it is spherically symmetric, i.e. it is a function only of the distance from the center. The sensors must be placed at a safe distance of at least $ r_2&gt;r_1 $ from the center, to avoid damage. Localization must be effected from the strength of a signal emanating from the source, as received by a set of sensors that do not lie on an $ (N-1) - $ dimensional hyperplane. Under the assumption that this signal strength experiences log normal shadowing, we characterize non-coplanar sensor positions that optimize three distinguished parameters associated with the underlying Fisher Information Matrix (FIM): maximizing its smallest eigenvalue, maximizing its determinant, and minimizing the trace of its inverse. We show that all three have the same set of optimizing solutions and involve placing the sensors on the surface of the hypersphere of radius $ r_2. $ As spherical symmetry of the pdf precludes uniqueness we provide certain canonical optimizing solutions where the $ i $-th sensor position $ x_i = Q^{i-1}x_1 $, with $ Q $ an orthogonal matrix. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on $ Q $ and $ x_1 $ for $ x_i $ to be non-coplanar and optimizing. In addition, we provide a geometrical interpretation of these solutions. We observe the $ N $-dimensional solutions for $ N&gt;3 $ have implications for optimal design of sensing matrices in certain compressed sensing problems.
Role of myosin II tail sequences in its function and localization at the cleavage furrow in Dictyostelium (1999)

Cytoplasmic myosin II accumulates in the cleavage furrow and provides the force for cytokinesis in animal and amoeboid cells. One model proposes that a specific domain in the myosin II tail is responsible for its localization, possibly by interacting with a factor concentrated in the equatorial region. To test this possibility, we have expressed myosins carrying mutations in the tail domain in a strain of Dictyostelium cells from which the endogenous myosin heavy chain gene has been deleted. The mutations used in this study include four internal tail deletions: Mydelta824-941, Mydelta943-1464, Mydelta943-1194 and Mydelta1156-1464. Contrary to the prediction of the hypothesis, immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that all mutant myosins were able to move toward the furrow region. Chimeric myosins, which consisted of a Dictyostelium myosin head and chicken skeletal myosin tail, also efficiently localized to the cleavage furrow. All these deletion and chimeric mutant myosins, except for Mydelta943-1464, the largest deletion mutant, were able to support cytokinesis in suspension. Our data suggest that there is no single specific domain in the tail of Dictyostelium myosin II that is required for its functioning at and localization to the cleavage furrow.
P023 Targeting metallothionein in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced colitis points to new therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases (2012)

P023 Targeting metallothionein in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-induced colitis points to new therapeutic strategies for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases L. Devisscher1 *, P. Hindryckx1, K. Olivier1, H. Peeters2, M. Lynes3, C. Cuvelier4, M. De Vos1, D. Laukens5. 1Ghent University, Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent, Belgium, 2Ghent University Hospital, Department of Gastroenterology, Ghent, Belgium, 3University of Connecticut, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Connecticut, United States, 4Ghent University, Department of Pathology, Ghent, Belgium, 5Ghent University Hospital, Department of gastroenterology, Ghent, Belgium
Highly Regio- and Stereoselective [3+2] Cyclopentanone Annulation Using a 3-(Alkylthio)-2-siloxyallyl Cationic Species (1998)

A new synthetic method for functionalized cyclopentanones was developed on the basis of a [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of a 1-(methylthio)-2-siloxyallyl cationic species and olefins. Allyl acetates 1a and 1b, which are the precursors of the allyl cationic species, are easily prepared in three or four steps from commercially available compounds. Under the influence of EtAlCl2 or AlCl3, 1a or 1b reacted with various kinds of olefins such as enol ethers, vinyl sulfides, styrenes, and trialkylolefins to afford the corresponding cyclopentanones in good yields. It is noteworthy that the sterically more hindered regioisomer was predominantly formed in every case. Furthermore, the reactions of 1b with vinyl sulfides exhibited surprisingly high stereoselectivity, which can be rationalized by the six-membered transition state models involving an orbital interaction between the sulfur atom of the vinyl sulfide and the α-carbon of the allyl cation.
Solvent Properties of Aqueous Biphasic Systems Composed of Polyethylene Glycol and Salt Characterized by the Free Energy of Transfer of a Methylene Group between the Phases and by a Linear Solvation Energy Relationship (2002)

Aqueous biphasic systems (ABSs) composed of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and salt have been examined as potential environmentally benign solvents for liquid/liquid extraction. These systems might also represent an alternative to traditional solvent/water systems used in quantitative structure−activity relationships (QSARs). For the application and design of these systems, it is important to have a thorough understanding of the nature of the solvent and its interactions with the solute, and thus, PEG/salt ABSs have been characterized to this end by a variety of methods. The relative hydrophobicities of several PEG/salt ABSs composed of different molecular weights of PEG (1000, 2000, and 3400) and a variety of inorganic salts [K3PO4, K2CO3, (NH4)2SO4, Li2SO4, MnSO4, ZnSO4, and NaOH] were measured by the free energy of transfer of a methylene group ΔGCH2. These results indicate that the relative hydrophobicity of a PEG/salt ABS is a function of only the degree of phase divergence of the biphasic system as expressed by the difference in polymer concentration between the phases [delta poly(ethylene glycol) (ΔPEG), delta ethylene oxide monomer (ΔEO)] or the tie line length (TLL). The distributions of a wide range of solutes differing in structure and functionality were also measured in PEG/salt ABSs, and the results were compared to the corresponding 1-octanol/water partition coefficients. These data were used to develop a linear free energy relationship (LFER) based on Abraham's generalized solvation equation, enabling a direct comparison to be made between the solvent properties of PEG/salt ABSs and those of traditional solvent/water systems used, for example, in the determination of log P. Similar comparisons are also enabled with the properties of certain aqueous micellar systems.
Inhibitory effect of phorbol ester on sodium transport in frog urinary bladder (1990)

To confirm the role of protein kinase C (PKC) on epithelial Na transport, we studied the effects of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8), activators of PKC, on short-circuit current (Isc) in frog urinary bladder and further examined the influence of sphingosine, an inhibitor of PKC, on PMA- or DiC8-modulated Isc. PMA reduced basal Isc in a dose-dependent manner, and sphingosine (10 and 100 microM) partially restored PMA-reduced Isc. On the other hand, DiC8 (5 x 10(-5) M) also reduced basal Isc, and this action was completely prevented by 100 microM sphingosine. Both PMA (4 x 10(-5) M) and DiC8 inhibited vasopressin (50 mU/ml)- and forskolin (5 x 10(-5) M)-stimulated increases in Isc. PMA (4 x 10(-5) M) also inhibited 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-BrcAMP)-stimulated increase in Isc. Furthermore, PMA (4 x 10(-5) M) and DiC8 (5 x 10(-5) M) inhibited vasopressin (50 mU/ml)-stimulated cAMP accumulation. DiC8 also inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation. These results indicate that PMA exerts inhibitory influence on Na transport mainly by its own potency of PKC activation. In addition, it is suggested that there is a cross talk in epithelial Na transport between PKC and cAMP-dependent pathway in frog urinary bladder.
SDM for Power Efficient Transmission (2017)

We discuss the principles behind the use of space division multiplexing for power efficient transmission in optical fiber communication systems. Experimental demonstration of these principles are realized in a multicore fiber transmission system.
ExchangeGuard: A Distributed Protocol for Electronic Fair-Exchange (2005)

Electronic fair-exchange protocols have received significant attention from the research community in the recent past. In loose terms, the fair exchange problem is defined as atomically exchanging electronic items between two parties. All the known fair exchange protocols today utilize a centralized trusted third party server either actively or passively. In this paper, we propose a distributed protocol for exchange of electronic items using untrusted servers. We perform detailed security analysis and show that the protocol guarantees effectiveness and fairness with Byzantine failures of up to one third of the untrusted servers. We also give the probability of a fair exchange otherwise. Finally we discuss how to deploy the protocol to large online electronic communities and peer-to-peer systems and demonstrate its security guarantees, scalability and load balancing properties.
Association Between Adrenal-Restrictive HSD3B1 Inheritance and Hormone-Independent Subtypes of Endometrial and Breast Cancer (2022)

These findings suggest roles for adrenal-restrictive vs adrenal-permissive steroidogenesis, by way of rs1047303 genotype, in the development of and/or outcomes from at least 3 commonly hormone-associated types of cancer: prostate, breast, and endometrial.
6.5 kV n-Channel 4H-SiC IGBT with Low Switching Loss Achieved by Extremely Thin Drift Layer (2016)

Thin drift layers were used to realize n-channel 4H-SiC IGBTs with an extremely low switching loss. The thickness of a drift layer was 60 μm, which was designed for a blocking voltage of 6.5 kV. An on-voltage of 5.4 V was obtained at a collector current of 100 A/cm 2 and the specific differential on-resistance at 100 A/cm 2 was 20 mΩcm 2 at room temperature, indicating proper bipolar operation. A switching evaluation of the SiC IGBTs was performed with a bus voltage of 3.6 kV and a load current of 10 A, and a turn-off loss of 1.2 mJ was obtained. This turn-off loss is very small compared to the values in the current literatures, and was estimated to be an over 80% reduction. The series operation of thin-drift-layer 6.5 kV SiC IGBTs can ensure a lower switching loss than the single operation of higher blocking voltage devices in power conversion systems.
From the Editor - The Flop (1994)

In 1968 Dick Fosbury took a new approach in his profession. Not only did he win an Olympic gold medal in the high jump with the "Fosbury Flop," he captured world attention in doing so.
Search for New Phenomena in Final States with Two Leptons and One or No b-Tagged Jets at s=13  TeV Using the ATLAS Detector (2021)

A search for new phenomena is presented in final states with two leptons and one or no b-tagged jets. The event selection requires the two leptons to have opposite charge, the same flavor (electrons or muons), and a large invariant mass. The analysis is based on the full run-2 proton-proton collision dataset recorded at a center-of-mass energy of sqrt[s]=13 TeV by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb^{-1}. No significant deviation from the expected background is observed in the data. Inspired by the B-meson decay anomalies, a four-fermion contact interaction between two quarks (b, s) and two leptons (ee or μμ) is used as a benchmark signal model, which is characterized by the energy scale and coupling, Λ and g_{*}, respectively. Contact interactions with Λ/g_{*} lower than 2.0 (2.4) TeV are excluded for electrons (muons) at the 95% confidence level, still far below the value that is favored by the B-meson decay anomalies. Model-independent limits are set as a function of the minimum dilepton invariant mass, which allow the results to be reinterpreted in various signal scenarios.
Deformable objects alive! (2012)

We present a method for controlling the motions of active deformable characters. As an underlying principle, we require that all motions be driven by internal deformations. We achieve this by dynamically adapting rest shapes in order to induce deformations that, together with environment interactions, result in purposeful and physically-plausible motions. Rest shape adaptation is a powerful concept and we show that by restricting shapes to suitable subspaces, it is possible to explicitly control the motion styles of deformable characters. Our formulation is general and can be combined with arbitrary elastic models and locomotion controllers. We demonstrate the efficiency of our method by animating curve, shell, and solid-based characters whose motion repertoires range from simple hopping to complex walking behaviors.
Laboratory Model 50 kW Hall Thruster (2002)

A 0.46 meter diameter Hall thruster was fabricated and performance tested at powers up to 72 kilowatts. Thrusts up to 2.9 Newtons were measured. Discharge specific impulses ranged from 1750 to 3250 seconds with discharge efficiencies between 46 and 65 percent. Overall specific impulses ranged from 1550 to 3050 seconds with overall efficiencies between 40 and 57 percent. Performance data indicated significant fraction of multiple-charged ions during operation at elevated power levels. Cathode mass flow rate was shown to be a significant parameter with regard to thruster efficiency.
Taking lessons from nature to improve cell therapy cryopreservation (2023)

Cryopreservation is crucial to the delivery of cell-based therapies, breaking logistical bottlenecks that would otherwise compromise both the manufacturing and accessibility of the intervention. Conventional methods of cryopreservation leveraged by the cell therapy industry remain, for the most part, unchanged from those developed in the 1950s shortly following discovery of the first cryoprotective agents (CPAs). These methods suffice but, in many ways, have been proven suboptimal. While this may not be significant cause for concern in most basic science research settings, it certainly is the case clinically as even minor alterations in the post-thaw efficacy of a therapeutic product could impact patient outcomes. An overarching tenet in cryobiology that is guiding recent developments to improve the standards of cryopreservation involves marrying substitutes for dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), the historically ‘gold-standard’ CPA, with additives that protect against ancillary sources of cryoinjury. It is primarily mechanisms through which natural organisms tolerate environmental stressors that are serving as a template for promising developments in cryobiology that could prove invaluable when integrated into cell therapy cryopreservation protocols. The present article aims to provide an overview of these strategies and contextualize their potential to improve the current standards of cryopreservation.
Microarchitecture-Level Power-Performance Simulators: Modeling, Validation, and Impact on Design (2003)

ion via Separable Components The issue of absolute vs. relative accuracy is raised in any modeling scenario: be it “performance-only”, “power” or “power-performance.” Consider a commonly used performance modeling abstraction: Slope = miss penalty (MP) FINITE CACHE PENALTY (FCE) CPIinfcache Increasing core concurrency and overlap (e.g. outstanding miss support) C yc le s pe r in st r (C P I) Cache miss rate, MR (misses/instr) CPI = CPIinfcache + MR * MP Experimental Setup: Measure Relative vs. Absolute Accuracy Program executable or trace Detailed, full model cycle simulator Baseline, “infprf” simulator Standalone cache sim Delta-CPI (cache) Standalone BP sim
Real-time assembly of ribonucleoprotein complexes on nascent RNA transcripts (2018)

Cellular protein-RNA complexes assemble on nascent transcripts, but methods to observe transcription and protein binding in real time and at physiological concentrations are not available. Here, we report a single-molecule approach based on zero-mode waveguides that simultaneously tracks transcription progress and the binding of ribosomal protein S15 to nascent RNA transcripts during early ribosome biogenesis. We observe stable binding of S15 to single RNAs immediately after transcription for the majority of the transcripts at 35 °C but for less than half at 20 °C. The remaining transcripts exhibit either rapid and transient binding or are unable to bind S15, likely due to RNA misfolding. Our work establishes the foundation for studying transcription and its coupled co-transcriptional processes, including RNA folding, ligand binding, and enzymatic activity such as in coupling of transcription to splicing, ribosome assembly or translation.
Interdiffusion studies for HfSixOy and ZrSixOy on Si (2002)

Metal incorporation into silicon substrates, and thermal stability of alternate gate dielectric candidates HfSixOy and ZrSixOy films after aggressive thermal annealing are reported. Considerable Zr incorporation is observed after furnace and rapid thermal annealing. No detectible Hf incorporation is observed for HfSixOy films annealed with the same conditions as the ZrSixOy films. Sputter deposited Hf silicate films showed superior thermal stability compared with chemical vapor deposited Zr silicate films. An alternate approach to obtain sub-nm resolution depth profiling of impurities in Si is also reported. Device performance associated with Zr incorporation into the channel is also discussed.
Surgical Outcomes of Solitary Solid Malignant Lung Nodules Detected During Follow-up After Resection of Primary Lung Cancer (2014)

目的．肺癌術後経過観察中の患者に出現した孤立性充実性病巣のうち，悪性疾患（2次性原発性肺癌（SPLC）または肺癌再発（LM））に対する診断精度や手術成績を検討した．方法．1976年1月から2010年12月までの間に当院で切除を行った原発性肺癌症例中，複数回の肺切除が行われSPLCまたはLMと診断された54例を対象とし，後ろ向きに比較検討した．結果．2回目手術の病理学的診断は，SPLC 35例，LM 19例．背景因子に2群間で有意差を認めなかった．全症例の2回目術後生存期間中央値は61.9ヶ月，群別ではLMが61.6ヶ月，SPLCが60.9ヶ月で，有意差を認めなかった（P=0.77）．2回目手術以降の経過について検討したところ，LM群で有意に再発頻度が高く（P=0.007），再発様式は，LM群では胸腔内，特に肺内転移の再々発が有意に多かった．結論．肺癌切除後に発見された孤立性充実性肺悪性病変に対する外科切除後の成績は5年生存率60.8％と比較的良好で，積極的に手術適応と考えられる．その後の再発様式は，SPLCとLMでは異なり，経過観察に配慮が必要である．
Single-polarization double-clad fiber for high-power applications (2005)

A polarizing, ytterbium-doped double clad fiber is demonstrated. Over 100 W of linearly polarized output power with a polarization extinction ratio of 17 dB is achieved from an all-fiber geometry. Single transverse mode fiber lasers have been recently demonstrated to emit output powers of hundreds of watts. 1,2 High power fiber lasers with linearly polarized output have been reported. 3-5 Linearly polarized output is required for phase-matched nonlinear conversion configurations often used to achieve a wider range of operating wavelengths. Moreover, most methods of coherent beam combination, a method of scaling output to even higher powers, also require linearly polarized laser output. In order to achieve linearly polarized output from a laser oscillator, dichroism in the form of either polarization dependent loss or gain is required to prevent laser operation on the unwanted polarization eigenmode. One recent demonstration of linearly polarized operation in a high power fiber laser was through the incorporation of a bulk polarizer into the cavity. 5 Two groups have recently demonstrated two different, all-fiber, linearly polarized lasers: one through bend-induced polarization dependent loss in a birefringent, double clad fiber, 4 the other with a single polarization fiber fusion spliced to a high birefringence, elliptical core double clad fiber. 3 In the present work, an ytterbium-doped, single polarization fiber is used in a cladding pumping geometry. The double clad fiber possessed a dichroism that was based on a novel elliptical core hole-assisted single polarization fiber design. Polarization extinction ratios in excess of 30 dB have been measured in short lengths of similar fibers without ytterbium doping. 6 The single polarization fiber possessed a refractive index profile for which the effective index of the unwanted polarization state was below the index of the cladding. The polarizing fiber had an elliptical core with two air holes placed next to the core along the minor axis of the ellipse. The fiber cross section is shown schematically in Figure 1.
Ultrasound‐assisted coating of nylon 6,6 with silver nanoparticles and its antibacterial activity (2007)

Abstract A silver/nylon 6,6 nanocomposite containing 1 wt % metallic silver has been produced from an aqueous solution of silver nitrate in the presence of ammonia and ethylene glycol by an ultrasound‐assisted reduction method. The structure and properties of nylon 6,6 coated with silver have been characterized with X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and diffused reflection spectroscopy measurements. The nanocrystals of pure silver, 50–100 nm in size, are finely dispersed on the polymer surface without damaging the nylon 6,6 structure. This silver–nylon nanocomposite is stable to many washing cycles and thus can be used as a master batch for the production of nylon yarn by melting and spinning processes. The fabric knitted from this yarn has shown excellent antimicrobial properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1423–1430, 2007
Composability of regulatory sequences controlling transcription and translation in Escherichia coli (2013)

The inability to predict heterologous gene expression levels precisely hinders our ability to engineer biological systems. Using well-characterized regulatory elements offers a potential solution only if such elements behave predictably when combined. We synthesized 12,563 combinations of common promoters and ribosome binding sites and simultaneously measured DNA, RNA, and protein levels from the entire library. Using a simple model, we found that RNA and protein expression were within twofold of expected levels 80% and 64% of the time, respectively. The large dataset allowed quantitation of global effects, such as translation rate on mRNA stability and mRNA secondary structure on translation rate. However, the worst 5% of constructs deviated from prediction by 13-fold on average, which could hinder large-scale genetic engineering projects. The ease and scale this of approach indicates that rather than relying on prediction or standardization, we can screen synthetic libraries for desired behavior.
Heating of Li in hydrogen: possible synthesis of LiHx (2015)

We report the first laser heating experiments on Li in hydrogen at high pressures. X-ray diffraction and Raman scattering measurements suggest the possible formation of polyhydride (temporary named LiH-II) that is considered to contain H molecules in its crystal lattice. LiH-II was found to be a transparent insulator at pressures below 62 GPa.