gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gene therapy rescues olfactory perception in a clinically relevant ciliopathy model of Bardet–Biedl syndrome (2021)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a hereditary genetic disorder that results in numerous clinical manifestations including olfactory dysfunction. Of at least 21 BBS-related genes that can carry multiple mutations, a pathogenic mutation, BBS1M390R, is the single most common mutation of clinically diagnosed BBS outcomes. While the deletion of BBS-related genes in mice can cause variable penetrance in different organ systems, the impact of the Bbs1M390R mutation in the olfactory system remains unclear. Using a clinically relevant knock-in mouse model homozygous for Bbs1M390R, we investigated the impact of the mutation on the olfactory system and tested the potential of viral-mediated, wildtype gene replacement therapy to rescue smell loss. The cilia of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in Bbs1<sup>M390R/M390R</sup> mice were significantly shorter and fewer than those of wild-type mice. Also, both peripheral cellular odor detection and synaptic-dependent activity in the olfactory bulb were significantly decreased in the mutant mice. Furthermore, to gain insight into the degree to which perceptual features are impaired in the mutant mice, we used whole-body plethysmography to quantitatively measure odor-evoked sniffing. The Bbs1<sup>M390R/M390R</sup> mice showed significantly higher odor detection thresholds (reduced odor sensitivity) compared to wild-type mice; however, their odor discrimination acuity was still well maintained. Importantly, adenoviral expression of Bbs1 in OSNs restored cilia length and re-established both peripheral odorant detection and odor perception. Together, our findings further expand our understanding for the development of gene therapeutic treatment for congenital ciliopathies in the olfactory system.
Predicting individual knee range of motion, knee pain, and walking limitation outcomes following total knee arthroplasty (2019)

Background and purpose - Up to 20% of patients are dissatisfied after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), mainly because of pain and restricted physical function. We developed a prediction model for 6-month knee range of motion, knee pain, and walking limitations in patients undergoing TKA surgery. Patients and methods - We performed a prospective cohort study of 4,026 patients who underwent elective, primary TKA between July 2013 and July 2017. Candidate predictors included demographic, clinical, psychosocial, and preoperative outcome measures. The outcomes of interest were (i) knee extension and flexion range of motion, (ii) knee pain rated on a 5-point ordinal scale, and (iii) self-reported maximum walk time at 6 months post TKA. For each outcome, we fitted a multivariable proportional odds regression model with bootstrap internal validation. Results - At 6 months post TKA, around 5% to 20% of patients had a flexion contracture ³ 10°, range of motion < 90°, moderate to severe knee pain, or a maximum walk time £ 15 minutes. The model c-indices (the probabilities to correctly discriminate between 2 patients with different levels of follow-up TKA outcomes) when evaluating these patients were 0.71, 0.79, 0.65, and 0.76, respectively. Each postoperative outcome was strongly influenced by the same outcome measure obtained preoperatively (all p-values < 0.001). Additional statistically significant predictors were age, sex, race, education level, diabetes mellitus, preoperative use of gait aids, contralateral knee pain, and psychological distress (all p-values < 0.001). Interpretation - We have developed models to predict, for individual patients, their likely post-TKA levels of knee extension and flexion range of motion, knee pain, and walking limitations. After external validation, they can potentially be used preoperatively to identify at-risk patients and to help patients set more realistic expectations about surgical outcomes.
Change Detection in Constellations of Buried Objects Extracted From Ground-Penetrating Radar Data (2015)

Detection of deliberately buried objects in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data acquired along a path is a clutter-limited problem. Detection-false alarm rate performance can be improved by replacing the detection statistic with a change statistic that incorporates information from previous path traversals. A constellation matching approach is developed for buried-object change detection in GPR data. Network topologies of buried objects detected in GPR data from previous path traversals are maintained in a constellation database. Localized groups of buried objects newly detected on the latest path traversal are matched to the constellation. Buried objects from the latest path traversal whose locations or strengths cannot be reconciled with the constellation are identified as changes. The system has one component that generates constellation databases offline and another component suitable for change detection in real time. It can tolerate paths with significant translational misalignments. The system uses the following: 1) a customized translational relaxation algorithm for point pattern matching that incorporates detection strength and a probabilistic uncertainty model for buried-object location into the objective function and 2) a change statistic that accounts for the magnitude of change relative to predicted detection strength. A constellation database can typically be generated offline from a single path traversal roughly two orders of magnitude faster than the time typically required for a vehicle to travel the extent of the path. Database sizes are typically four to five orders of magnitude smaller than the data sets of GPR signal scans or focused 3-D GPR images that they were generated from. On bumpy dirt roads buried exclusively with nonmetallic objects at various depths, detection-false alarm rate performance is shown to be significantly better for our change statistics than for our detection statistics.
Engineering Design of Concentric Amphiphilic Microparticles for Spontaneous Formation of Picoliter to Nanoliter Droplet Volumes (2021)

Simple mixing of aqueous and oil solutions with amphiphilic particles leads to the spontaneous formation of uniform reaction volumes (dropicles) that can enable numerous applications in the analysis of biological entities (e.g., cells and molecules). Approaches to manufacture such amphiphilic particles are just starting to be investigated. Here, we investigate the tunable manufacturing of concentric amphiphilic particles, with outer hydrophobic and inner hydrophilic layers, fabricated by flowing reactive precursor streams through a 3D printed device with coaxial microfluidic channels, and curing the structured flow by UV exposure through a photomask. The dimensions of the engineered amphiphilic particles, including height, inner and outer diameters, and thicknesses of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic layers, are precisely controlled by modulating the UV exposure time, the precursor flow rate ratios, and the size of the channel in the exposure region. The particle design is systematically engineered to hold a wide range of droplet volumes, that is, from a few hundred picoliters to several nanoliters. We show that the particle size can be significantly reduced from previous reports to not only hold subnanoliter drops but the shape can also be tuned to increase the seeding density and orientation of dropicles within a well plate for imaging and analysis.
New and improved dispersion and recovery techniques for slurry phase catalysis. Quarterly report, April 1, 1984-June 30, 1984 (1984)

This quarterly report presents a literature review of the importance of diffusional effects in the hydroprocessing of coal liquids, as well as some experimental work done in this area using a model compound system, naphthalene hydrogenation. The literature review (Section I of this report) is of importance in all tasks of the contract. The ultimate goal of this contract is to obtain an improved catalyst for coal processing. One way of improving currently used catalysts is to minimize or eliminate the diffusional resistance now encountered by large coal derived molecules and to enhance the accessibility of the active catalytic agent on the surface. Other facets of this contract are concerned with improvement of the active catalytic agent itself. Section II of this report deals with experimental work on catalyst selection, refinement, tailoring using model compound and coal conversion studies. Work has begun with a simple model compound system, naphthalene hydrogenation, in the presence of a commercial CoMo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalyst. Experiments are in progress to ascertain the role of diffusion in determining the overall catalytic reaction rate with this catalyst. 9 references, 7 tables.
Scale-up und Scale-down (2016)

No AccessDer gleichläufige DoppelschneckenextruderOct 2016Scale-up und Scale-downKlemens KohlgrüberKlemens KohlgrüberSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446435971.006SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2016Pages: 535-589Print ISBN: 978-3-446-43361-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43597-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2016 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
[Marked reactive plasmacytosis accompanied by drug eruption in a patient with aplastic anemia]. (2012)

A 61-year-old woman with aplastic anemia was admitted to our hospital in October 2009 because of fever and abdominal pain. She had been treated with cyclosporin A without showing any effect. On admission, uterine cancer was diagnosed and the left uterine appendages were swollen. She was treated with cefepime for febrile neutropenia without effect, and left-sided adnexitis was diagnosed. After cefepime was changed to meropenem, marked plasmacytosis was observed in the peripheral blood (23%) and bone marrow (79%) with the appearance of skin eruption. Although the plasma cells were morphologically abnormal, the cytoplasmic immunoglobulin light chain deviation was not detected by flow cytometric analysis, and M protein was not found by serum immunoelectrophoresis. She was diagnosed with reactive plasmacytosis and treated with dexamethasone. The drug eruption and plasmacytosis improved soon after starting the treatment. Although reactive plasmacytosis is observed with a variety of conditions, including infection, neoplasms, autoimmune disorders, and hemolytic anemia, it has not been reported to accompany drug eruption. Reactive plasmacytosis is sometimes not possible to distinguish from plasma cell neoplasms on morphology alone and needs to be diagnosed comprehensively by using flow cytometric analysis and immunohistochemical evaluation.
Zeolite Synthesis from a Charge Density Perspective: The Charge Density Mismatch Synthesis of UZM-5 and UZM-9 (2014)

A charge density model of aluminosilicate zeolite synthesis is presented. This model has been applied to the charge density mismatch (CDM) synthesis of UZM-5 and UZM-9 zeolites at 150 and 100 °C, respectively, using the same synthesis mixture that includes tetraethylammonium (TEA+), tetramethylammonium (TMA+), and Na+ ions as structure-directing agents (SDAs). It allows a seamless description of the contributions of both the hydroxide and SDA components of the CDM barrier to zeolite synthesis. The syntheses are described as temperature-driven confrontations with the CDM barrier, resulting in disproportionation to solution and solid products with diverging charge densities. The presence of the CDM barrier and this tunable disproportionation in charge density, along with the suitable choice of SDA concentrations, allows a flexible and cooperative participation of SDAs, as the synthesis medium initially forms aluminosilicate networks that maximize Coulombic stabilization under the conditions at hand. The UZM-5 synthesis at 150 °C is characterized by much higher fractional Si and Al yields (0.85 Si and 0.94 Al vs 0.30 Si and 0.70 Al) and a higher Si/Al ratio (ca. 7 vs 3) compared to UZM-9 synthesis at 100 °C. Unlike the latter case, TEA+ plays an important role in the nucleation of UZM-5. However, TMA+ was found to be essential for the nucleation of both zeolites. While Na+ is required to crystallize UZM-9, the nucleation rate of UZM-5 is about twice as fast in the absence of Na+. On the other hand, the crystal growth rate of this small-pore zeolite is over 10 times faster with Na+ present, giving a considerably larger crystallite size.
Dielectric laser acceleration of sub-100 keV electrons with silicon dual-pillar grating structures (2015)

We present the demonstration of high-gradient laser acceleration and deflection of electrons with silicon dual-pillar grating structures using both evanescent inverse Smith-Purcell modes and coupled modes. Our devices accelerate subrelativistic 86.5 and 96.3 keV electrons by 2.05 keV over 5.6 μm distance for accelerating gradients of 370 MeV/m with a 3 nJ mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser. We also show that dual pillars can produce uniform accelerating gradients with a coupled-mode field profile. These results represent a significant step toward making practical dielectric laser accelerators for ultrafast, medical, and high-energy applications.
Consensus nomenclature for CD8+T cell phenotypes in cancer (2015)

Whereas preclinical investigations and clinical studies have established that CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells can profoundly affect cancer progression, the underlying mechanisms are still elusive. Challenging the prevalent view that the beneficial effect of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in cancer is solely attributable to their cytotoxic activity, several reports have indicated that the ability of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to promote tumor regression is dependent on their cytokine secretion profile and their ability to self-renew. Evidence has also shown that the tumor microenvironment can disarm CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell immunity, leading to the emergence of dysfunctional CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. The existence of different types of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in cancer calls for a more precise definition of the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell immune phenotypes in cancer and the abandonment of the generic terms "pro-tumor" and "antitumor." Based on recent studies investigating the functions of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in cancer, we here propose some guidelines to precisely define the functional states of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells in cancer.
80 Gb/s PDM 16QAM generation by polarization-multiplexing QPSK modulator (2011)

We demonstrate generation of 80 Gb/s polarization division multiplexed (PDM) 16QAM signals. 16QAM signals were generated by a polarization-multiplexing QPSK modulator with polarization angular superposition, and PDM-16QAM signals were transmitted over 20 km single-mode fibers.
Blood-based screening for methylation changes in colorectal cancer patients using novel nanotechnologies. (2013)

384 Background: Identification of blood-based biomarkers for cancer screening is essential in order to develop novel and minimally invasive methods for colorectal cancer screening. Our lab has successfully applied a novel nanotechnology that allows us to detect and amplify a single tumor DNA fragment in a plasma sample. This DNA is tested for methylation of several genes including TFPI2 which has shown to be highly sensitive and specific for the detection colorectal cancer in stool. Methods: Whole blood was obtained from 18 colorectal cancer patients and plasma was isolated. Plasma was processed using Methylation On Beads nanotechnology (MOB) and bisulfate treated. Methylation status was determined via quantitative PCR method. Results: Two genes, TFPI2 and IGFBP3, were detected with a high sensitivity. TFPI2, demonstrated a methylation frequency of 94.4%, which is concordant with the TFPI2 methylation frequency of 99% in primary colorectal cancer tissues. IGFBP3 showed the methylation frequency of 61.1%, which corresponds with the methylation frequency of 52% in retrospective colorectal cancer tissues in previous studies. Quantification using standard curves indicated a single copy level of DNA found in plasma. Conclusions: Blood-based screening is challenging due to extremely low quantities of circulating DNA in blood. Utilizing a novel nanotechnology that detects DNA at a single copy level, the methylation changes in colorectal cancer were successfully detected in plasmas at similar frequencies as in tissue samples. This study has demonstrated the feasablility and applicability to blood-based screening. Future studies will focus on improving the sensitivity and determining the specificity of this method.
Long‐term storage of peripheral blood stem cells frozen and stored with a conventional liquid nitrogen technique compared with cells frozen and stored in a mechanical freezer (2009)

In vitro measurements indicate that PBSCs can be successfully frozen and stored using a combination of DMSO and HES providing smaller amounts of DMSO and allowing simplified freezing and storage conditions.
Assessment of on-screen measurements, magnification, and calibration in digital radiography (2012)

For digital radiography, manual calibration is recommended to achieve the most accurate measurements. Ideally, the calibration ball should be placed at the same vertical height as the object to be measured; however, if this cannot be achieved, the magnification error can be expected to be approximately 1% per centimeter of distance.
Synthesis of Submicrometer Mullite Powder via High‐Temperature Aerosol Decomposition (1992)

High‐purity mullite powders (3Al 2 O 3 .2SiO 2 ) have been prepared using a high‐temperature aerosol decomposition technique yielding submicrometer (0.6 μm average) particles of spherical morphology with no hard agglomerates using aluminum nitrate and fumed silica as precursors. Depending upon the reaction conditions used, the powders range from amorphous to crystalline with no evidence of secondary‐phase formation. This mullite synthesis approach has the advantages of not requiring postsynthesis milling, the ability to use a wide range of precursor systems, and enhanced control over chemical homogeneity and particle size/shape.
Deconvolution of Composition and Crystallite Size of Silver Hollandite Nanorods: Influence on Electrochemistry (2017)

In this paper, silver hollandite (Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>) has been synthesized by an aqueous, low-temperature co-precipitation technique to afford silver hollandite with distinct crystallite sizes (10 and 15 nm, identified as S-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub> and L-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub>, respectively) and equivalent silver content (x), allowing for the deconvolution of electrochemical effects related to crystallite size and silver content. The as-prepared silver hollandite materials were confirmed to be structurally analogous. Notably, TEM imaging reveals a high degree of bundling of S-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub> nanorods compared to L-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub> which facilitates more intimate connection of the S-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub> material with enhanced interparticle contact. The electrochemical behavior and lithium diffusion properties were investigated by galvanostatic cycling, CV, electrochemical impedance, pulsed-discharge experiments, and ex-situ XAS analysis of cycled cathodes. Lithium based electrochemical cells containing S-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub> delivered a capacity 15X higher than L-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub> on cycle 1. Ex-situ XAS demonstrated structural change for S-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub> and formation of Ag<sup>0</sup> on insertion of 3.8 Li<sup>+</sup> intercalation. However, the samples of L-Ag<sub>1.4</sub>Mn<sub>8</sub>O<sub>16</sub> were lithiated by a more limited 0.25 molar equivalents, where no significant structural changes were observed. Finally, the findings affirm crystallite size significantly impacts electrochemistry independent of cation occupancy of the α-MnO<sub>2</sub> type structure.
Transient response evaluation of a hydraulic engine mount (2002)

The transient response of a typical hydraulic engine mount has been studied using analytical and experimental methods. First, a lumped parameter nonlinear model is used to formulate the problem and to suggest parameters that must be experimentally determined. Several configurations related to inertia track and decoupler are analyzed. Next, two bench experiments are constructed for the identification of nonlinear chamber compliances (with and without preloads) and nonlinear fluid resistances. The nonlinear characteristics of the decoupler are described to accurately predict the time events of the decoupler gap opening and closing. An equivalent viscous damper model is employed along with a multistaged switching mechanism. Nonlinear behavior caused by the vacuum formation in the top chamber is studied by defining a bilinear asymmetric stiffness curve. All governing equations are then solved in the time domain to yield responses when step up, step down or triangular displacement waveforms are applied. New transient experiments were also conducted with an elastomer test system by applying known displacement inputs. Measured transmitted force and top chamber pressure signals were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. Results of the proposed simulation model match well with measured data.
Optical Study of Nanotube and Coronene Composites (2013)

A novel nanomaterial, graphene nanoribbons encapsulated inside single-walled carbon nanotubes (GNR@SWNT), was studied by combined optical methods. This nanomaterial was found to have a bright photo ...
Two new forms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in a protochordate and the evolutionary implications. (1996)

The neuropeptide gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is the major regulator of reproduction in vertebrates. Our goal was to determine whether GnRH could be isolated and identified by primary structure in a protochordate and to examine its location by immunocytochemistry. The primary structure of two novel decapeptides from the tunicate Chelyosoma productum (class Ascidiacea) was determined. Both show significant identity with vertebrate GnRH. Tunicate GnRH-I (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Asp-Tyr-Phe-Lys-Pro-Gly-NH2) has 60% of its residues conserved, compared with mammalian GnRH, whereas tunicate GnRH-II (pGlu-His-Trp-Ser-Leu-Cys-His-Ala-Pro-Gly-NH2) is unusual in that it was isolated as a disulfide-linked dimer. Numerous immunoreactive GnRH neurons lie within blood sinuses close to the gonoducts and gonads in both juveniles and adults, implying that the neuropeptide is released into the bloodstream. It is suggested that in ancestral chordates, before the evolution of the pituitary, the hormone was released into the bloodstream and acted directly on the gonads.
Microhabitat Selection by Northern Cricket Frogs (Acris crepitans) along a West-Central Missouri Creek: Field and Experimental Observations (2003)

We studied microhabitat use and selection by Northern Cricket Frogs (Acris crepitans) along a stream in west-central Missouri. Field observations of microhabitat use indicate that cricket frogs preferentially use moist (muddy) substrates with some proximity to shelter items (e.g., rocks) and the water. Laboratory choice experiments support the importance of substrate moisture and shelter presence. Temperature may also play a role in site selection independent of substrate selection.