gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
40 Gb/s Optical Systems with Electronic Signal Processing (2007)

Coherent optical modems have been implemented that provide low cost 40 Gb/s connections over any optical line that can support 10 Gb/s transmission. CMOS signal processing allows performance substantially independent of PMD and optical dispersion.
Antioxidant and antiproliferative activity of Basella alba against colorectal cancer (2023)

<i>Basella alba</i>, a green leafy vegetable with remarkable nutraceutical potential is widely used since ancient times to maintain a healthy colon. This plant has been investigated for its medicinal potential due to the increase in young adult cases of colorectal cancer each year. This study was accomplished to investigate <i>Basella alba </i>methanolic extract (BaME) antioxidant and anticancer properties. BaME consisted of a substantial amount of both phenolic and flavonoid compounds which exhibited significant antioxidant reactivity. Both colon cancer cell lines experienced a cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase after receiving treatment with BaME, which inhibited pRb and cyclin D1 and raised p21 expression levels. This was associated with the survival pathway molecule inhibition and downregulation of E2F-1. The results of the current investigation confirm that BaME inhibits CRC cell survival and expansion. To conclude, the bioactive principles in the extract act as potential antioxidants and antiproliferative agents against colorectal cancer.
Control of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by Innate Response of Heparg Cells (2009)

Our data suggest that a strong HBV replication is able to elicit a type I IFN response in HepaRG-transduced cells.
Notice of Removal: A flow focusing microfluidic device with an integrated micro coulter particle counter for sequential production and characterization of size tunable microbubbles (2017)

Removed.
Offset of the electrical characteristics of alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent devices (1996)

Offset is observed in the charge–voltage (Q–V) or internal charge–phosphor field (Q–Fp) characteristics of certain alternating-current thin-film electroluminescent (ACTFEL) devices. This offset arises from a displacement along the voltage axis of a transient curve measured across a sense capacitor in the electrical characterization setup. A procedure for adjusting this offset is proposed that allows ACTFEL devices manifesting offset to be meaningfully analyzed. Two possible sources of offset are deduced from simulation and are associated with an asymmetry in the interface state energy depths at the two phosphor–insulator interfaces or with an asymmetry in the location of space charge generation in the phosphor.
Bioprocess development for universal influenza vaccines based on inactivated split chimeric and mosaic hemagglutinin viruses (2023)

Seasonal influenza viruses account for 1 billion infections worldwide every year, including 3-5 million cases of severe illness and up to 650,000 deaths. The effectiveness of current influenza virus vaccines is variable and relies on the immunodominant hemagglutinin (HA) and to a lesser extent on the neuraminidase (NA), the viral surface glycoproteins. Efficient vaccines that refocus the immune response to conserved epitopes on the HA are needed to tackle infections by influenza virus variants. Sequential vaccination with chimeric HA (cHA) and mosaic HA (mHA) constructs has proven to induce immune responses to the HA stalk domain and conserved epitopes on the HA head. In this study, we developed a bioprocess to manufacture cHA and mHA inactivated split vaccines and a method to quantify HA with a prefusion stalk based on a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Virus inactivation with beta-propiolactone (βPL) and splitting with Triton X-100 yielded the highest amount of prefusion HA and enzymatically active NA. In addition, the quantity of residual Triton X-100 and ovalbumin (OVA) was reduced to very low levels in the final vaccine preparations. The bioprocess shown here provides the basis to manufacture inactivated split cHA and mHA vaccines for pre-clinical research and future clinical trials in humans, and can also be applied to produce vaccines based on other influenza viruses.
Dietary control of swine dysentery (1994)

In many parts of the world swine dysentery (SD) remains one of the most economically significant diseases of pigs. The condition results from infection with the aerotolerant anaerobic spirochaetal bacterium Serpulinahyodysenteriae, and may result in a severe mucohaemorrhagic colitis. In recent years, however, it has become evident that the presence of these organisms in pigs in a herd does not always result in disease ( 1, 2). The reasons for this are not always clear, and this led us to investigate whether the diet consumed could have a role in modulating the disease. It has previously been suggested that fermentable diets which result in acidic conditions in the large intestine may inhibit the growth of S. hyodysenteriae and prevent the development of d1sease (3)
Homogeneity of Langasite and Langatate wafers (2003)

One-port SAW resonators have been designed and processed on various 3"-wafer cuts from different boules and crystal growers to study the homogeneity of Langasite and Langatate crystals. The influence of crystal defects on several SAW properties has been investigated by correlating the resonant frequency or the Q-value of selected resonators to their location on the wafer being subject to X-ray topographic imaging. Frequency shifts of up to 250 ppm between adjacent devices correlate to growth striations, the main defect of the material. Additional gradual shifts of the resonant frequency mainly radial to the growth direction also occur and lead to frequency shifts with a standard deviation (std) of up to 200 ppm on a single wafer. Furthermore identified variations of the Q-value are also linked to the growth banding. Recent investigations on high quality 3" wafers, however, show frequency shifts with a std of 50 ppm only and high Q-values of up to 15000.
Optoelectronic system and device integration for quantum-dot light-emitting diode white lighting with computational design framework (2022)

We propose a computational design framework to design the architecture of a white lighting system having multiple pixelated patterns of electric-field-driven quantum dot light-emitting diodes. The quantum dot of the white lighting system has been optimised by a system-level combinatorial colour optimisation process with the Nelder-Mead algorithm used for machine learning. The layout of quantum dot patterns is designed precisely using rigorous device-level charge transport simulation with an electric-field dependent charge injection model. A theoretical maximum of 97% colour rendering index has been achieved with red, green, cyan, and blue quantum dot light-emitting diodes as primary colours. The white lighting system has been fabricated using the transfer printing technique to validate the computational design framework. It exhibits excellent lighting performance of 92% colour rendering index and wide colour temperature variation from 1612 K to 8903 K with only the four pixelated quantum dots as primary.
Device physics and optimization of conductivity-modulated power MOSFETs (1988)

The operation of a novel power MOSFET device that has the capability of controlled conductivity modulation during its on-state operation to reduce its on-resistance is briefly described. CMDMOS (conductivity-modulated double-diffused MOS) devices have been fabricated and characterized along with DMOS devices with various geometries on wafers with various epitaxial layer thicknesses. The on-resistance of the CMDMOS devices was significantly reduced with the introduction of modest (250- mu A) injector currents, which represent a very small fraction of the total current. The current-handling capability of the device increased by about 50%, giving a change in drain current about 10 times the injector current at 2.0-V drain bias. In general, the specific on-resistance of the CMDMOS devices was about half of that of comparable DMOS devices. The geometry and structure of the CMDMOS device were optimized by developing a simple analytical model for the on-resistance. In the analysis, the injector hole concentration and the extent of conductivity modulation in the drift region can be obtained as functions of the injector current, the drain current, and the spacing between the injector and the DMOS channel. The on-resistance is then derived by summing the voltage drops across the MOS channel region, the modulated region, and the drift region. This analysis leads to optimizing the depth of the injector, the separation of the injector from the DMOS channel, and the amount of injector current. The result is a power device that provides substantial flexibility in trading off on-resistance and switching speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nrf2-Dependent Suppression of Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium–Induced Colon Carcinogenesis by the Cinnamon-Derived Dietary Factor Cinnamaldehyde (2015)

The progressive nature of colorectal cancer and poor prognosis associated with the metastatic phase of the disease create an urgent need for the development of more efficacious strategies targeting colorectal carcinogenesis. Cumulative evidence suggests that the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2 (nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2), a master regulator of the cellular antioxidant defence, represents a promising molecular target for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Recently, we have identified cinnamon, the ground bark of Cinnamomum aromaticum (cassia cinnamon) and Cinnamomum verum (Ceylon cinnamon), as a rich dietary source of the Nrf2 inducer cinnamaldehyde (CA) eliciting the Nrf2-regulated antioxidant response in human epithelial colon cells, conferring cytoprotection against electrophilic and genotoxic insult. Here, we have explored the molecular mechanism underlying CA-induced Nrf2 activation in colorectal epithelial cells and have examined the chemopreventive potential of CA in a murine colorectal cancer model comparing Nrf2(+/+) with Nrf2(-/-) mice. In HCT116 cells, CA caused a Keap1-C151-dependent increase in Nrf2 protein half-life via blockage of ubiquitination with upregulation of cytoprotective Nrf2 target genes and elevation of cellular glutathione. After optimizing colorectal Nrf2 activation and target gene expression by dietary CA-supplementation regimens, we demonstrated that CA suppresses AOM/DSS-induced inflammatory colon carcinogenesis with modulation of molecular markers of colorectal carcinogenesis. Dietary suppression of colorectal cancer using CA supplementation was achieved in Nrf2(+/+) but not in Nrf2(-/-) mice confirming the Nrf2 dependence of CA-induced chemopreventive effects. Taken together, our data suggest feasibility of colorectal cancer suppression by dietary CA, an FDA-approved food additive derived from the third most consumed spice in the world.
Redistribution of Nucleoside Transporters to the Cell Membrane Provides a Novel Approach for Imaging Thymidylate Synthase Inhibition by Positron Emission Tomography (2006)

Thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45) is a key enzyme for the de novo synthesis of DNA and as such a target for anticancer drug development. There is a need to develop noninvasive methods for assessing thymidylate synthase inhibition in tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the potential of 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]fluorothymidine ([(18)F]FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) for early measurement of thymidylate synthase inhibition and to elucidate the cellular mechanisms involved. Radiation-induced fibrosarcoma-1 tumor-bearing mice were injected with a single i.p. dose of the thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 165 mg/kg) and imaged by [(18)F]FLT-PET at 1 to 2 hours after treatment. Deoxyuridine, thymidine kinase 1 (cytoplasmic thymidine kinase; EC2.7.1.21), and ATP levels in excised tumors were measured. Cellular assays for membrane transport were also done. There was a 1.8-fold increase in the 60-minute [(18)F]FLT tumor/heart radioactivity ratio in drug-treated mice compared with vehicle controls (P = 0.0016). Plasma and tumor deoxyuridine levels increased significantly but thymidine kinase and ATP levels were unchanged. Whole-cell assays implicated a (low level) functional role for the type-1 equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT). There was an increase in type-1 ENT-binding sites per cell from 49,110 in untreated cells to 73,142 (P = 0.03) in cells treated with 10 microg/mL 5-FU for 2 hours, without a change in transporter affinity (P = 0.41). We conclude that [(18)F]FLT-PET can be used to measure thymidylate synthase inhibition as early as 1 to 2 hours after treatment with 5-FU by a mechanism involving redistribution of nucleoside transporters to the plasma membrane.
The effects of interleukin‐8, VEGF and CFH polymorphisms on the long‐term response to bevacizumab therapy in exudative age‐related macular degeneration (2013)

Abstract Purpose To study the effects of IL‐8, VEGF, CFH, complement component C3 and LOC387715 single nucleotide polymorphisms and neovascular lesion characteristics on the response to intravitreal bevacizumab treatment in exudative age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods Fifty patients with treatment naïve exudative AMD were recruited to this two‐year prospective follow‐up study, and treated with bevacizumab on their once‐a‐month visits when sub‐ or intraretinal fluid in OCTs, or a new hemorrhage was detected. Visual acuities (VA) and contrast sensitivities (CS) were assessed on every visit, and fluorescein (FA) and indocyanine green (ICGA) angiographies recorded at baseline, and after one and two years of follow‐up. Blood samples were collected for genotyping. Results VEGF ‐2578A/C and CFH Y402H polymorphisms and baseline lesion size in ICGA associated with the number of needed reinjections during the follow‐up, and IL‐8 ‐251A/T associated with the disappearance of fluid in OCTs. The alleles A in IL‐8 ‐251A/T, A in VEGF ‐2578A/C, and C in CFH Y402H had a cumulative effect on the presence of fluid in OCTs. A marked difference existed between patients having 0 ‐ 2 risk alleles compared to those having 3 ‐ 6 risk alleles (P=0.00002). An association was also detected between the VEGF ‐2578A/C polymorphism and CS gain (P=0.014). During the first year VA change correlated negatively with the number of visits when cystic changes were detected in the OCTs (r=‐0.366, P=0.009), but the association did not persist during the second year. Conclusion VEGF ‐2578A/C, IL‐8 ‐251A/T, and CFH Y402H seem to to affect the persistence of fluid in the macular area during bevacizumab therapy of exudative AMD.
PACO: Provocation Involving Action, Culture, and Oppression (2023)

In India, people identify with a particular group based on certain attributes such as religion. The same religious groups are often provoked against each other. Previous studies show the role of provocation in increasing tensions between India's two prominent religious groups: Hindus and Muslims. With the advent of the Internet, such provocation also surfaced on social media platforms such as WhatsApp. By leveraging an existing dataset of Indian WhatsApp posts, we identified three categories of provoking sentences against Indian Muslims. Further, we labeled 7,000 sentences for three provocation categories and called this dataset PACO. We leveraged PACO to train a model that can identify provoking sentences from a WhatsApp post. Our best model is fine-tuned RoBERTa and achieved a 0.851 average AUC score over five-fold cross-validation. Automatically identifying provoking sentences could stop provoking text from reaching out to the masses, and can prevent possible discrimination or violence against the target religious group. Further, we studied the provocative speech through a pragmatic lens, by identifying the dialog acts and impoliteness super-strategies used against the religious group.
Barx2 and Pax7 Have Antagonistic Functions in Regulation of Wnt Signaling and Satellite Cell Differentiation (2014)

The canonical Wnt signaling pathway is critical for myogenesis and can induce muscle progenitors to switch from proliferation to differentiation; how Wnt signals integrate with muscle-specific regulatory factors in this process is poorly understood. We previously demonstrated that the Barx2 homeobox protein promotes differentiation in cooperation with the muscle regulatory factor (MRF) MyoD. Pax7, another important muscle homeobox factor, represses differentiation. We now identify Barx2, MyoD, and Pax7 as novel components of the Wnt effector complex, providing a new molecular pathway for regulation of muscle progenitor differentiation. Canonical Wnt signaling induces Barx2 expression in muscle progenitors and perturbation of Barx2 leads to misregulation of Wnt target genes. Barx2 activates two endogenous Wnt target promoters as well as the Wnt reporter gene TOPflash, the latter synergistically with MyoD. Moreover, Barx2 interacts with the core Wnt effectors β-catenin and T cell-factor 4 (TCF4), is recruited to TCF/lymphoid enhancer factor sites, and promotes recruitment of β-catenin. In contrast, Pax7 represses the Wnt reporter gene and antagonizes the activating effect of Barx2. Pax7 also binds β-catenin suggesting that Barx2 and Pax7 may compete for interaction with the core Wnt effector complex. Overall, the data show for the first time that Barx2, Pax7, and MRFs can act as direct transcriptional effectors of Wnt signals in myoblasts and that Barx2 and Wnt signaling participate in a regulatory loop. We propose that antagonism between Barx2 and Pax7 in regulation of Wnt signaling may help mediate the switch from myoblast proliferation to differentiation.
Rotary fast tool servo system and methods (2023)

A high bandwidth rotary fast tool servo provides tool motion in a direction nominally parallel to the surface-normal of a workpiece at the point of contact between the cutting tool and workpiece. Three or more flexure blades having all ends fixed are used to form an axis of rotation for a swing arm that carries a cutting tool at a set radius from the axis of rotation. An actuator rotates a swing arm assembly such that a cutting tool is moved in and away from the lathe-mounted, rotating workpiece in a rapid and controlled manner in order to machine the workpiece. A pair of position sensors provides rotation and position information for a swing arm to a control system. A control system commands and coordinates motion of the fast tool servo with the motion of a spindle, rotating table, cross-feed slide, and in-feed slide of a precision lathe.
Voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca<sub>V</sub>) in GtoPdb v.2023.1 (2023)

Ca2+ channels are voltage-gated ion channels present in the membrane of most excitable cells. The nomenclature for Ca2+channels was proposed by [131] and approved by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Ca2+ channels [72]. Most Ca2+ channels form hetero-oligomeric complexes. The α1 subunit is pore-forming and provides the binding site(s) for practically all agonists and antagonists. The 10 cloned α1-subunits can be grouped into three families: (1) the high-voltage activated dihydropyridine-sensitive (L-type, CaV1.x) channels; (2) the high- to moderate-voltage activated dihydropyridine-insensitive (CaV2.x) channels and (3) the low-voltage-activated (T-type, CaV3.x) channels. Each α1 subunit has four homologous repeats (I-IV), each repeat having six transmembrane domains (S1-S6) and a pore-forming region between S5 and S6. Voltage-dependent gating is driven by the membrane spanning S4 segment, which contains highly conserved positive charges that respond to changes in membrane potential. All of the α1-subunit genes give rise to alternatively spliced products. At least for high-voltage activated channels, it is likely that native channels comprise co-assemblies of α1, β and α2-δ subunits. The γ subunits have not been proven to associate with channels other than the α1s skeletal muscle Cav1.1 channel. The α2-δ1 and α2-δ2 subunits bind gabapentin and pregabalin.
TU-D-BRB-06: Localizing Intracavitary Brachytherapy Applicators from Conebeam CT X-Ray Projections Via a Novel Iterative Forward Projection Matching (IFPM) Algorithm (2010)

Purpose: To present a novel method for reconstructing the 3D pose (positions & orientations) of radio-opaque objects of known but arbitrary shape from a small set of 2D x-ray projections, in support of intraoperative brachytherapy planning. Methods and materials: IFPM finds the object pose by minimizing the sum-of-squared-intensity-differences (SSD) between the computed and experimentally-acquired auto-segmented object projections. Starting with an initial estimate of the applicator pose, IFPM iteratively refines the pose parameters (positions and 3 Euler angles) until the SSD converges. The applicator model is a mesh of discrete points derived from a complex combinatorial geometric model of the actual applicator. Three pairs of computed and measured projection images, with known imaging geometry, are used. Projection images of an intrauterine tandem were acquired from Acuity digital-simulator. Image pre-processing step was performed to create blurred binary applicator-only images. To quantify IFPM accuracy, the reconstructed 3D pose of the applicator model was forward projected and overlaid with the measured images and the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) was computed for each image-pair. Results: In the numerical simulations, the tandem and colpostats positions (x, y, z) and orientations (α, β, γ) were estimated with (0.28, 0.3, 0.37) mm and (0.9, 0.8, 1.0)° accuracies, respectively. For the measured tandem images, the DSC was better than 0.88 for each image-pair. Discussion: We have developed a new, accurate, and completely automatic method to localize radio-opaque applicators of arbitrary shape from x-ray projections. Also, no lateral film is required. By localizing the applicator internal structure and the sources, the effect of intra/inter-applicator attenuation can be included in the resultant dose distribution. Further development and validation tests with tandem and colpostats will be performed for the accurate and robust applicator/sources localization in ICB patients. Supported by Varian Medical Systems