gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
n-Chip Test Technology for RSF (1997)

We have developed an advanced version of on-chip test system with new high-speed clock generation and control. For high-speed clock generation, a novel wide-bandwidth ring generator is designed using circular Josephson transmission lines with an inductively coupled trigger. The generator is capable of producing SFQ clock pulses in the range of from 15 to 55 GHZ using a 1 Wcm' Nb fabrication process. For clock control, we have designed two different types of clock-controller circuits based on programmable shift-register and counter. Using the on-chip test system, we have successfully tested a parallel multiplier module up to 15 GHz with 16 % dc bias margins.
Prospective, Multicenter Clinical Trial of Everolimus As Primary Therapy in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (WMCTG 09-214) (2016)

Abstract Purpose: Everolimus inhibits mTOR, a component of PI3K/AKT pro-survival signaling triggered by MYD88 and CXCR4 activating mutations in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (WM). Experimental design: We evaluated everolimus in a prospective, multicenter study of 33 symptomatic, previously untreated WM patients. Intended therapy consisted of everolimus (10 mg/day) until progression or unacceptable toxicity. Dose de-escalation was permitted. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov(NCT01470196). Results: At best response, median serum IgM levels declined from 4,440 to 1,360 mg/dL (p&lt;0.0001); median hemoglobin rose from 10.8 to 12 g/dL (p=0.001); and median bone marrow disease burden declined from 75% to 52.5% in serially biopsied patients. The ORR and major response rates were 72.7% and 60.6%, respectively. Among genotyped patients, non-responders associated with wild-type MYD88 and mutated CXCR4 status. Median time to response was 4 weeks. Discordance between serum IgM levels and BM disease burden was common. With a median follow-up of 13.1 (range 1.6-64.6 months), median time to progression was 21 months, and 33 months for major responders. Discontinuation of everolimus led to rapid serum IgM rebound in 7 patients, and symptomatic hyperviscosity in two patients. Toxicity led to treatment discontinuation in 27% of patients, including 18% for pneumonitis. Conclusions: Everolimus is active as primary therapy in WM. IgM discordance is common, and treatment cessation can often lead to rapid serum IgM rebound. Pneumonitis also appears more pronounced in untreated versus previously treated WM patients. The risks and benefits of everolimus should carefully be weighed against other primary WM therapy options. Disclosures Treon: Janssen: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding. Heffner:Celgene: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding. Eradat:AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Genentech: Consultancy, Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Honoraria. Castillo:Millennium: Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Otsuka: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Honoraria; Biogen: Consultancy; Abbvie: Research Funding. Ghobrial:Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Noxxon: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria.
Multilaboratory Comparison of Streptococcus pneumoniae Opsonophagocytic Killing Assays and Their Level of Agreement for the Determination of Functional Antibody Activity in Human Reference Sera (2011)

Antibody-mediated killing of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) by phagocytes is an important mechanism of protection of the human host against pneumococcal infections. Measurement of opsonophagocytic antibodies by use of a standardized opsonophagocytic assay (OPA) is important for the evaluation of candidate vaccines and required for the licensure of new pneumococcal conjugate vaccine formulations. We assessed agreement among six laboratories that used their own optimized OPAs on a panel of 16 human reference sera for 13 pneumococcal serotypes. Consensus titers, estimated using an analysis-of-variance (ANOVA) mixed-effects model, provided a common reference for assessing agreement among these laboratories. Agreement was evaluated in terms of assay accuracy, reproducibility, repeatability, precision, and bias. We also reviewed four acceptance criterion intervals for assessing the comparability of protocols when assaying the same reference sera. The precision, accuracy, and concordance results among laboratories and the consensus titers revealed acceptable agreement. The results of this study indicate that the bioassays evaluated in this study are robust, and the resultant OPA values are reproducible for the determination of functional antibody titers specific to 13 pneumococcal serotypes when performed by laboratories using highly standardized but not identical assays. The statistical methodologies employed in this study may serve as a template for evaluating future multilaboratory studies.
A General and Efficient Synthesis of Sulfonylbenzotriazoles from N‐Chlorobenzotriazole and Sulfinic Acid Salts. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Application of Surface Fairing Technique in Progressive Lens Processing (2007)

Based on the analysis of characteristics of progressive lens, it can be found that lens uneven change of curvature is an important reason of defect on progressive lens processed by single-point diamond cutting technique. By applying least square fairing method to fair the surface which is fitted and interpolated by Double Cubic B-Spline method, the curvature change of progressive surface becomes even. The processing experiment shows that the method in this paper can eliminate the defect effectively in the ultra-precision processing of progressive lenses.
Construction of simple graphs with a target joint degree matrix and beyond (2015)

In networking research, it is often desirable to generate synthetic graphs with certain properties. In this paper, we present a new algorithm, 2K_Simple, for exact construction of simple graphs with a target joint degree matrix (JDM). We prove that the algorithm constructs exactly the target JDM and that its running time is linear in the number of edges. Furthermore, we show that the algorithm poses less constraints on the graph structure than previous state-of-the-art construction algorithms. We exploit this flexibility to extend 2K_Simple and design two algorithms that achieve additional network properties on top of the exact target JDM. In particular, 2K_Simple_Clustering produces simple graphs with a target JDM and average clustering coefficient close to a target, while 2K_Simple_Attributes produces exactly simple graphs with a target JDM and joint occurrence of node attribute pairs. We exhaustively evaluate our algorithms through simulation for small graphs, and we also demonstrate their benefits in generating graphs that resemble real-world social networks in terms of accuracy and speed; we reduce the running time by orders of magnitudes compared to previous approaches that rely on Monte Carlo Markov Chains.
Lifelong Machine Learning with Deep Streaming Linear Discriminant Analysis (2019)

When an agent acquires new information, ideally it would immediately be capable of using that information to understand its environment. This is not possible using conventional deep neural networks, which suffer from catastrophic forgetting when they are incrementally updated, with new knowledge overwriting established representations. A variety of approaches have been developed that attempt to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in the incremental batch learning scenario, where a model learns from a series of large collections of labeled samples. However, in this setting, inference is only possible after a batch has been accumulated, which prohibits many applications. An alternative paradigm is online learning in a single pass through the training dataset on a resource constrained budget, which is known as streaming learning. Streaming learning has been much less studied in the deep learning community. In streaming learning, an agent learns instances one-by-one and can be tested at any time, rather than only after learning a large batch. Here, we revisit streaming linear discriminant analysis, which has been widely used in the data mining research community. By combining streaming linear discriminant analysis with deep learning, we are able to outperform both incremental batch learning and streaming learning algorithms on both ImageNet ILSVRC-2012 and CORe50, a dataset that involves learning to classify from temporally ordered samples.
The Effects of Freeze-drying and Ethylene Oxide Sterilization on the Mechanical Properties of Human Patellar Tendon (1994)

Human patellar tendon allografts are used to replace injured anterior cruciate ligaments. They are often stored by freeze-drying or freezing before use and have been sterilized by gamma irradiation or ethylene oxide gas. Studies comparing the mechanical properties of tendons preserved by freeze-drying and sterilized by ethylene oxide have yielded conflicting results. This study examined the effects of freeze-drying and ethylene oxide sterilization on the mechanical properties of human patellar tendons obtained from 11 human cadavers; all were free of musculoskeletal disease. The 22 patellar tendons were halved longitudinally; 7 were frozen at -70 degrees C for 8 weeks and served as controls; 8 were freeze-dried; and 7 were freeze-dried and sterilized with ethylene oxide gas. Ultimate tensile stress and longitudinal strain were greater for frozen than for freeze-dried, but not greater than freeze-dried, ethylene oxide-sterilized tendons (P < 0.05). The modulus of elasticity was similar in all tendon groups. The study suggests that some in vitro mechanical properties of frozen tendons may be marginally superior to the properties of freeze-dried tendons, even after correction for size difference. Ethylene oxide gas sterilization had no adverse effect on tendon mechanical properties.
Supersonic mixing enhancement by vorticity for high-speed propulsion (1991)

The results of a three year study on vortex enhancement of supersonic mixing are discussed. Recent interests in compressible mixing has spurred research in the field of high speed shear layers. It was established that shear layer growth diminishes with increasing convective Mach number; this Mach number is the relative Mach number of the large scale structures in the shear layer with respect to the Mach numbers on either side of the shear layer. The purpose was to evaluate the effect of swirl on compressible mixing rates. Previously analytical and experimental results seem to indicate that swirling flow may significantly modify the shear layer, in some cases resulting in enhanced mixing. Previous studies of the effect of swirl on compressible mixing were incomplete since the amount of swirl in the flowfield was not quantified. This study was undertaken to conclusively determine the effect of swirl on supersonic mixing, including the quantification of the swirl. Preliminary results indicate that the swirl modestly enhances the mixing rates.
Rapid Throughput Concentration-Response Analysis of Human Taste Discrimination (2021)

Human taste threshold measurements often are used to infer tastant receptor functionality. However, taste thresholds can be influenced by receptor-independent variables. Examination of the full range of taste-active concentrations by taste discrimination has been hampered by logistics of testing multiple concentrations in replicate with human subjects. We developed an automated rapid throughput operant methodology for taste discrimination and applied it to concentration-response analysis of human taste. Tastant solutions (200 µl) drawn from a 96-well plate and self-administered to the tongue served as discriminative stimuli for money-reinforced responses on a touch-sensitive display. Robust concentration-response functions for "basic taste" stimuli were established, with particular focus on agonists of the taste 1 receptor member 2-taste 1 receptor member 3 heterodimer receptor (TAS1R2/R3). With a training cue of 100 mM sucrose, EC50 values of 56, 79, and 310 µM and 40 mM were obtained for rebaudioside A, sucralose, acesulfame potassium, and sucrose, respectively. Changing the sucrose training cue to 300 mM had no impact, but changing to 30 mM resulted in slight leftward shifts in potencies. A signal detection method also was used to determine values of <i>d'</i>, a probabilistic value for discriminability, which indicated that 5 mM was near the limits of detection for sucrose. With repeated testing, both EC50 values and 5 mM sucrose <i>d'</i> values were established for each individual subject. The results showed little correspondence between threshold sensitivities and EC50 values for sucrose. We conclude that concentration-response analysis of taste discrimination provides a more reliable means of inferring receptor function than measurement of discriminability at the lowest detectable tastant concentrations. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Many inferences about human tastant receptor functionality have been made from taste threshold measurements, which can be influenced by variables unrelated to receptors. We herein report a new methodology that enables rigorous concentration-response analysis of human taste discrimination and its use toward quantitative characterization of tastant agonist activity. Our data suggest that taste discrimination concentration-response functions are a more reliable reflection of underlying receptor activity than threshold measures obtained at the lowest detectable tastant concentrations.
Biological Activity of Analogues of YM022. Novel (3-Amino Substituted Phenyl)urea Derivatives of 1,4-Benzodiazepin-2-one as Gastrin/Cholecystokinin-B Receptor Antagonists. (1996)

A series of (3-substituted phenyl)urea analogues of the potent gastrin/cholecystokinin (CCK)-B receptor antagonist YM022 has been prepared. Structure-activity relationship studies of this series suggested that a number of analogues retained good in vitro potency for gastrin/CCK-B receptor. In particular, the (3-amino substituted phenyl)urea derivatives (10-12) were more potent inhibitors of pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion in rats than YM022 on intraduodenal (i.d.) administration.
Putting the cart before the horse: merging traffic for energy conservation (2011)

Reducing energy consumption in the Internet has become an increasingly important goal recently. Previous work on reducing energy consumption has primarily looked at either changing link rates or putting interfaces to sleep. Due to the unpredictable nature of traffic, the energy savings achieved have been modest, do not scale, and incur losses and delay. This article proposes a different approach to the problem, which involves aggregating traffic from multiple input links prior to feeding them to the switch interfaces. The main results we obtain are that energy consumption, measured as fraction of interfaces that are awake, scales linearly with load for all loads and the algorithms are fully deterministic yielding zero packet loss.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, Physical Properties, and Electronic Properties of Some AMUQ3 Compounds (A: Alkali Metal, M: Cu or Ag, Q: S or Se). (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photogenerated Radical in Phenylglyoxylic Acid for in Vivo Hyperpolarized 13C MR with Photosensitive Metabolic Substrates (2018)

Whether for <sup>13</sup>C magnetic resonance studies in chemistry, biochemistry, or biomedicine, hyperpolarization methods based on dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) have become ubiquitous. DNP requires a source of unpaired electrons, which are commonly added to the sample to be hyperpolarized in the form of stable free radicals. Once polarized, the presence of these radicals is unwanted. These radicals can be replaced by nonpersistent radicals created by the photoirradiation of pyruvic acid (PA), which are annihilated upon dissolution or thermalization in the solid state. However, since PA is readily metabolized by most cells, its presence may be undesirable for some metabolic studies. In addition, some <sup>13</sup>C substrates are photosensitive and therefore may degrade during the photogeneration of a PA radical, which requires ultraviolet (UV) light. We show here that the photoirradiation of phenylglyoxylic acid (PhGA) using visible light produces a nonpersistent radical that, in principle, can be used to hyperpolarize any molecule. We compare radical yields in samples containing PA and PhGA upon photoirradiation with broadband and narrowband UV-visible light sources. To demonstrate the suitability of PhGA as a radical precursor for DNP, we polarized the gluconeogenic probe <sup>13</sup>C-dihydroxyacetone, which is UV-sensitive, using a commercial 3.35 T DNP polarizer and then injected this into a mouse and followed its metabolism in vivo.
4-Aminopyridine in the Treatment of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis (1994)

Although a substantial proportion of patients with multiple sclerosis seem to benefit from long-term administration of 4-aminopyridine, additional studies are needed to clarify the exact value of the drug.
Functional all-optical logic gates for true time-domain signal processing in nonlinear photonic crystal waveguides (2020)

We present a conceptual study on the realization of functional and easily scalable all-optical NOT, AND and NAND logic gates using bandgap solitons in coupled photonic crystal waveguides. The underlying structure consists of a planar air-hole type photonic crystal with a hexagonal lattice of air holes in crystalline silicon (c-Si) as the nonlinear background material. The remaining logical operations can be performed using combinations of these three logic gates. A unique feature of the proposed working scheme is that it operates in the true time-domain, enabling temporal solitons to maintain a stable pulse envelope during each logical operation. Hence, multiple concatenated all-optical logic gates can be easily realized, paving the way to multiple-input all-optical logic gates for ultrafast full-optical digital signal processing. In the suggested setup, there is no need to amplify the output signal after each operation, which can be directly used as a new input signal for another logical operation. The feasibility and efficiency of the proposed logic gates as well as their scalability is demonstrated using our original rigorous theoretical formalism together with full-wave computational electromagnetics.
A Parallel Random Walk Solver for the Capacitance Calculation Problem in Touchscreen Design (2016)

In this paper, a random walk based solver is presented which calculates the capacitances for verifying the touchscreen design. To suit the complicated conductor geometries in touchscreen structures, we extend the floating random walk (FRW) method for handling non-Manhattan conductors. A unified dielectric pre-characterization scheme is proposed to suit arbitrary dielectric profiles while keeping high accuracy. The algorithm is finally implemented on a computer cluster, which enables massively parallel computing. Numerical experiments validate the accuracy of proposed techniques and the up to 67X parallel speedup. While comparing with other schemes, the unified dielectric pre-characterization scheme achieves the highest accuracy while costing the least memory usage.
The hemodynamic basis for the cardiac effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and PTH-related protein. (1995)

PTH and PTH-related protein (PTHrP) have been regarded to have positive inotropic effects on the heart as well as positive chronotropic and vasodilator effects. However, inotropy due to a direct effect of these peptides has not heretofore been distinguished from an indirect inotropic effect as a result of altered heart rate or coronary flow. The aim of this study was to determine whether PTH and PTHrP have direct inotropic effects in isolated perfused rat hearts. Three groups of hearts were studied; in all groups, hearts contracted isovolumically and were perfused with a constant coronary pressure. In the control group, heart rate, coronary flow, peak pressure (LVPmax), peak rate of rise of LV pressure (dP/dtmax), and peak intracellular calcium (measured by aequorin) all increased with PTH and PTHrP in a dose-dependent manner. When heart rate was fixed by pacing in a second group of rats, PTH and PTHrP increased coronary flow, LVPmax, and dP/dtmax significantly, indicating that inotropic actions were not mediated solely by chronotropic effects. However, when heart rate was fixed by pacing and, additionally, coronary flow was held constant (by maximal prevasodilation with nitroprusside) in a third group of rats, there was no significant effect of either PTH or PTHrP on LVPmax, dP/dtmax, or peak intracellular calcium. To demonstrate the responsiveness of this latter preparation to inotropic stimulation, the beta-adrenergic agonist, isoproterenol, increased LVPmax, dP/dtmax, and peak calcium even when heart rate was fixed and vasodilation was maximal. Thus, PTH and PTHrP are inotropic agents by virtue of their influence on coronary flow and heart rate, but not by any direct effect on contractile elements in the heart.
Modulator-driver circuits for optoelectronic VLSI (1997)

Driver circuits are designed and tested in CMOS for use with normal-incidence multiple-quantum-well (MQW) optical modulators that are flip-chip bonded in large numbers to VLSI. These circuits provide higher drive voltages than the standard CMOS supply, and thereby ease some of the pressures on the design and operation of the MQW modulator as CMOS supply voltages are reduced. Two circuits use positive feedback to drive an MQW device through voltages exceeding the available logic voltage while another novel circuit stacks inverters and provides double the supply voltage to drive the modulator. Operation to 1 Gb/s is demonstrated. Circuits are normally off, consistent with the demands of a low-dissipation smart-pixel technology.