gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A conserved hymenopteran-specific family of cytochrome P450s protects bee pollinators from toxic nectar alkaloids (2023)

Many plants produce chemical defense compounds as protection against antagonistic herbivores. However, how beneficial insects such as pollinators deal with the presence of these potentially toxic chemicals in nectar and pollen is poorly understood. Here, we characterize a conserved mechanism of plant secondary metabolite detoxification in the Hymenoptera, an order that contains numerous highly beneficial insects. Using phylogenetic and functional approaches, we show that the CYP336 family of cytochrome P450 enzymes detoxifies alkaloids, a group of potent natural insecticides, in honeybees and other hymenopteran species that diverged over 281 million years. We linked this function to an aspartic acid residue within the main access channel of CYP336 enzymes that is highly conserved within this P450 family. Together, these results provide detailed insights into the evolution of P450s as a key component of detoxification systems in hymenopteran species and reveal the molecular basis of adaptations arising from interactions between plants and beneficial insects.
Characterization of R-phycocyanin. Chromophore content of R-phycocyanin and C-phycoerythrin. (1975)

R-phycocyanin was purified from two independent isolates of the unicellular red alga Porphyridium cruentum. At pH 7.0 the protein sediments as a single component with s 20,w of 5.98 S (at 2 mg/ml, gamma/2=0.02). Over a protein concentration range of 0.2 to 0.5 mg/ml (gamma/2=0.16), sedimentation equilibrium gave a molecular weight of 103,000 +/- 6,000 with no evidence of heterogeneity. In common with C-phydocyanins, R-phycocyanin consists of alpha and beta subunits of molecular weights of 18,200 and 20,500, determined by electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels. Isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels resolves two bands, blue (at pI of 5.2), and purple (at pI of 5.3), believed to correspond to the alpha and beta subunits, respectively. The native protein gave a single precipitin band when tested against the homologous antiserum by the Ouchterlony double diffusion technique. No cross-reaction was observed with antiserum to the allophycocyanin from the same organism. The absorption spectrum of native trimeric R-physocyanin at pH 7.0 exhibited epsilomN (555 nm) of 1.51 x 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1), epsilonM (618 nm) 2.55 x 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1), and A 1% 1cm (618 nm) of 70.0. The circular dichroism spectrum of the native protein was characterized by the following molecular ellipticity maxima in deg cm2 per dmol x 10(-5): [theta]311 = -2.36, [theta]343 = -3.27, [theta]552 = 4.67, and [theta]627 = 6.27. All of these values were based on an alphabeta molecular weight of 36,3000, calculated from the amino acid composition. To permit quantitative estimation of the chromophore composition of R-phycocyanin, the absorption properties of Aphanocapsa sp. C-phycoerythrin were determined. At pH 7.0, native C-phycoerythrin exhibited epsilonM (562 nm) of 4.88 x 10(5) M(-1) cm(-1), and A 1% 1cm of 127, based on an alphabeta molecular weight of 38,400 calculated from the amino acid composition. The molar extinction coefficients for polypeptide-bound phycoerythrobilin were calculated from the spectrum of denatured C-phycoerythrin in 8 M urea at pH 1.9, on the assumption that each alphabeta unit contains six such chromophores. The analogous data for phycocyanobilin was available from an earlier study (Glazer, A.N., and Fang, S. (1973) J. Biol. Chem. 248, 659-662). The absorption curve of denatured R-phycocyanin was fitted with high precision by a theoretical curve calculated for a mixture of two phycocyanobilin and one phycoerythrobilin chromophore. The amino acid analyses of R-phycocyanin and of its separated alpha and beta subunits demonstrated a 1:1 stoichiometry for the subunits in the native protein. The absorption spectra of the isolated subunits were consistent with the conclusion that the alpha subunit carries a single phycocyanobilin chromophore, while one phycoerythrobilin and one phycocyanobilin chromophore are bound to the beta subunit...
Lorentz and Gauge Invariance, Canonical Quantization, and Pion-Graviton Scattering (1971)

Lowest-order pion-graviton scattering is calculated using the canonical quantization of general relativity. The process is examined in order to investigate if the canonical quantization produces Lorentz-invariant and gauge-invariant $S$-matrix elements, and also if the $S$ matrix is invariant under a specific class of $q$-number coordinate transformations. While the classical theory automatically possesses the above invariances, they are seen not to be a priori guaranteed in the quantum theory. The $S$-matrix elements calculated, however, correctly possess the above invariances.
Capacity Region of the Broadcast Channel with Two Deterministic Channel State Components (2014)

This paper establishes the capacity region of a class of broadcast channels with random state in which each channel component is selected from two possible functions and each receiver knows its state sequence. This channel model does not fit into any class of broadcast channels for which the capacity region was previously known and is useful in studying wireless communication channels when the fading state is known only at the receivers. The capacity region is shown to coincide with the UV outer bound and is achieved via Marton coding.
Cancer vaccines 2003: opening address. (2003)

This abstract was published in Cancer Immunity , a Cancer Research Institute journal that ceased publication in 2013 and is now provided online in association with Cancer Immunology Research .

Welcome to the 10th International Cancer Immunology Symposium sponsored by the Cancer Research Institute (CRI). These meetings have documented the remarkable progress made over the past ten years in understanding the interactions between the immune system and cancer and in efforts to develop effective cancer immunotherapies. Immunotherapeutic strategies for cancer, mainly antibodies, vaccines, and the adoptive transfer of T cells, are being actively explored in the clinic and are receiving greater and greater attention from the pharmaceutical industry. As we have heard at these meetings, the science of cancer vaccine development has become increasingly strong, and there is now a growing belief that for the first time in the history of the field the idea of therapeutic cancer vaccines can be critically tested. This conviction is based on the revolutionary conceptual and technical progress in our understanding of the immune system and on four major advances in cancer immunology:

(i) The resurgence of cancer immunosurveillance as a unifying principle in the field,

(ii) the development of powerful methodologies to define the human cancer immunome, that is the complete repertoire of cancer products that are immunogenic in humans and therefore potential targets for vaccine development,

(iii) the establishment of a range of sensitive and standardized methods to monitor humoral and cellular immunological responses to tumor antigens, and

(iv) the availability of a wide array of approaches to generate vaccines, from peptides, proteins, DNA, viral and bacterial vectors, to new adjuvants, delivery systems and immunomodulatory cytokines.

It is no surprise that many of these considerations are also central to our thinking about the development of HIV vaccines, and so it seems …
Effect of different noise reduction techniques and template matching parameters on markerless tumor tracking using dual‐energy imaging (2022)

Noise reduction strategies combined with the optimal selection of band-pass filter parameters can improve the accuracy and TSR of MTT for lung tumors when using DE imaging.
Laser designator protection filter for see-spot thermal imaging systems (2012)

In some cases the FLIR has an open window in the 1.06 micrometer wavelength range; this capability is called 'see spot' and allows seeing a laser designator spot using the FLIR. A problem arises when the returned laser energy is too high for the camera sensitivity, and therefore can cause damage to the sensor. We propose a non-linear, solid-state dynamic filter solution protecting from damage in a passive way. Our filter blocks the transmission, only if the power exceeds a certain threshold as opposed to spectral filters that block a certain wavelength permanently. In this paper we introduce the Wideband Laser Protection Filter (WPF) solution for thermal imaging systems possessing the ability to see the laser spot.
Negative regulation of HIV-1 expression by the natural isoform C-terminus truncated STAT5 (STAT5Δ) (2006)

We have described a constitutive activation of naturally Cterminus truncated STAT5 (STAT5) in PBMC of most HIV+ individuals (C. Bovolenta, Blood, 1999). We here report that the chronically HIV-infected promonocytic cell line U1 expresses exclusively a STAT5 isoform similar to that of PBMC of HIV+ individuals in virtual absence of STAT5FL. Consistently with the presence of functional STAT5 DNA binding sites in the HIV-1 LTR (Selliah et al., Virology, 2006), GM-CSF stimulation of U1 cells led to a modest induction of HIV expression as well as to the activation of both STAT5 and of an ERK-1/2-AP-1 pathway. Inhibition of ERKs/AP-1 by PD98059 abolished GM-CSF induced HIV expression in U1 cells, whereas inhibition of STAT5 expression by either AG490 or anti-STAT5 siRNA resulted in a significant enhancement of GM-CSF induced HIV expression in U1 cells. Finally, ex vivo IL-2 stimulation of PBMC from most HIV+ individuals in the presence of anti-STAT5 siRNA resulted in the enhancement of HIV-1 p24 Gag antigen expression. Thus, STAT5 is likely a novel natural inhibitor of HIV expression both in vitro and in vivo.
Interlayer Hydrogen-Bonded Covalent Organic Frameworks as High-Performance Supercapacitors (2018)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs). However, their insoluble powder-like nature, poor capacitive performance in pristine form, integrated with inferior electrochemical stability is a primary concern for their long-term use in electrochemical devices. Keeping this in perspective, herein we report a redox active and hydrogen bonded COF with ultrahigh stability in conc. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> (18 M), conc. HCl (12 M) and NaOH (9 M). The as-synthesized COF fabricated as thin sheets were efficiently employed as a free-standing supercapacitor electrode material using 3 M aq. H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as an electrolyte. Moreover, the pristine COF sheet showcased outstanding areal capacitance 1600 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> (gravimetric 169 F g<sup>-1</sup>) and excellent cyclic stability (>100 000) without compromising its capacitive performance or Coulombic efficiency. Moreover, as a proof-of-concept, a solid-state supercapacitor device was also assembled and subsequently tested.
Spatially Adaptive Computation Time for Residual Networks (2017)

This paper proposes a deep learning architecture based on Residual Network that dynamically adjusts the number of executed layers for the regions of the image. This architecture is end-to-end trainable, deterministic and problem-agnostic. It is therefore applicable without any modifications to a wide range of computer vision problems such as image classification, object detection and image segmentation. We present experimental results showing that this model improves the computational efficiency of Residual Networks on the challenging ImageNet classification and COCO object detection datasets. Additionally, we evaluate the computation time maps on the visual saliency dataset cat2000 and find that they correlate surprisingly well with human eye fixation positions.
Photoalignment technology for liquid crystal displays: physics and application (2005)

This review briefly considers the physics and liquid crystal (LC) device applications of the novel photo-aligning technology. The review describes an introduction to the physical mechanisms of photo-aligning and presents a characterization of LC-surface interaction. This review also discusses the photo-aligning process of ferroelectric LC and the utilization of a high contrast photo-aligned wide-viewing angle vertical aligned nematic mode. The bistability of /spl pi/-BTN based on asymmetric anchoring of the LC cell is investigated and new superthin photo-aligned polarizers are demonstrated for the first time.
Imino sugar glucosidase inhibitors as broadly active anti-filovirus agents (2013)

Ebola virus and Marburg virus are members of the family of Filoviridae and are etiological agents of a deadly hemorrhagic fever disease. The clinical symptoms of Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers are difficult to distinguish and there are currently no specific antiviral therapies against either of the viruses. Therefore, a drug that is safe and effective against both would be an enormous breakthrough. We and others have shown that the folding of the glycoproteins of many enveloped viruses, including the filoviruses, is far more dependent upon the calnexin pathway of protein folding than are most host glycoproteins. Drugs that inhibit this pathway would be expected to be selectively antiviral. Indeed, as we summarize in this review, imino sugars that are competitive inhibitors of the host endoplasmic reticular α-glucosidases I and II, which are enzymes that process N-glycan on nascent glycoproteins and thereby inhibit calnexin binding to the nascent glycoproteins, have been shown to have antiviral activity against a number of enveloped viruses including filoviruses. In this review, we describe the state of development of imino sugars for use against the filoviruses, and provide an explanation for the basis of their antiviral activity as well as limitations.
18Oxygen Substituted Nucleosides Combined with Proton Beam Therapy: Therapeutic Transmutation In Vitro (2021)

These data support the idea of therapeutic transmutation in vitro as a biochemical consequence of proton activation of <sup>18</sup>O to <sup>18</sup>F in substituted thymidine enabling proton radiation enhancement in a cancer cell. <sup>18</sup>O-substituted molecules that incorporate into cancer targets may hold promise for improving the therapeutic window of protons and can be evaluated further for postproton therapy PET imaging.
Using default ARTMAP for cancer classification with MicroRNA expression signatures (2009)

High-throughput messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiling with microarray has been demonstrated as a more effective method of cancer diagnosis and treatment than the traditional morphology or clinical parameter-based methods. Recently, the discovery of a class of small non-coding RNAs, named microRNAs (miRNAs), provides another promising method of cancer classification. MIRNAs play a critical role in the tumorigenic process by functioning either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. Here, we apply a neural-based classifier, default ARTMAP, to classify different types of cancers based on their miRNA expression fingerprints. Experimental results on the multiple human cancers show that default ARTMAP performs consistently well on all the data, and the classification accuracy is better than or comparable to that of the other popular classifiers.
Degradation Mechanism of Electrode Tip during Alternate Resistance Spot Welding of Zinc-coated Galvannealed and Un-coated Steel Sheets (2009)

This study investigated the electrode life and the electrode degradation mechanism during alternate resistance spot welding of galvannealed steel sheets and bare steel sheets. As the result, it was found that the electrode life in this type of welding was extremely short in comparison to welding of only galvannealed steel sheets. The reason for this short life is explained by the sticking of the alloy layers formed on the electrode top to the bare steel sheet surface, so that the narrower and sharper shape as the original electrode top is the better to prolong the life. Although the ring-shape nuggets were not formed during alternate resistance DC welding, the electrode degradation mechanism is similar to that during the resistance DC welding of only galvannealed steel sheets.
Mansouramycins A−D, Cytotoxic Isoquinolinequinones from a Marine Streptomycete (2009)

Chemical screening of the ethyl acetate extract from the marine-derived Streptomyces sp. isolate Mei37 resulted in five isoquinolinequinones, four new derivatives, mansouramycin A-D (1, 3-5), and the known 3-methyl-7-(methylamino)-5,8-isoquinolinedione (2). Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS techniques and by comparison with related compounds. Cytotoxicity profiling of the mansouramycins in a panel of up to 36 tumor cell lines indicated significant cytotoxicity of several derivatives, with pronounced selectivity for non-small cell lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer cells.
Measurement Properties of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures for Diabetes: Systematic Review (Preprint) (2020)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> The management of diabetes is complex. There is growing recognition of the use of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as a standardized method of obtaining an outlook on patients’ functional status and well-being. However, no systematic reviews have summarized the studies that investigate the measurement properties of diabetes PROMs. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> Our aims were to conduct a systematic review of studies investigating the measurement properties of diabetes PROMs by evaluating the methodological quality and overall level of evidence of these PROMs and to categorize them based on the outcome measures assessed. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> This study was guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. Relevant articles were retrieved from the Embase, PubMed, and PsychINFO databases. The PROMs were evaluated with the COSMIN (COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments) guidelines. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> A total of 363 articles evaluating the measurement properties of PROMs for diabetes in the adult population were identified, of which 238 unique PROMs from 248 studies reported in 209 articles were validated in the type 2 diabetes population. PROMs with at least a moderate level of evidence for ≥5 of 9 measurement properties include the Chinese version of the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (C-PDQ), Diabetes Self-Management Instrument Short Form (DSMI-20), and Insulin Treatment Appraisal Scale in Hong Kong primary care patients (C-ITAS-HK), of which the C-PDQ has a “sufficient (+)” rating for &amp;gt;4 measurement properties. A total of 43 PROMs meet the COSMIN guidelines for recommendation for use. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> This study identified and synthesized evidence for the measurement properties of 238 unique PROMs for patients with type 2 diabetes and categorized the PROMs according to their outcome measures. These findings may assist clinicians and researchers in selecting appropriate high-quality PROMs for clinical practice and research. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020180978; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020180978. </sec>
Luminescence, charge-transfer complexes, and photoredox processes involving N-alkyl nicotinamide/dihydronicotinamide surfactants (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLuminescence, charge-transfer complexes, and photoredox processes involving N-alkyl nicotinamide/dihydronicotinamide surfactantsK. Kalyanasundaram, T. Colassis, R. Humphry-Baker, P. Savarino, E. Barni, E. Pelizzetti, and M. GraetzelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 9, 3300–3311Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00191a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00191a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Complexation Promoted Additions to N‐Benzoyliminopyridinium Ylides. A Novel and Highly Regioselective Approach to Polysubstituted Piperidines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hyperoxia Inhibits Nitric Oxide Treatment Effects in Alveolar Epithelial Cells via Effects on L-Type Amino Acid Transporter-1 (2014)

SNO uptake after NO treatment is dependent on LAT1. Hyperoxia impairs SNO uptake and NO effects during NO exposure and impairs LAT system function and LAT1 expression. Effects on SNO formation and transport must be considered for rational optimization of NO-based therapeutics.
A study on flow-based admission control algorithm for quality of service provisioning in the ATM-based MPLS network (2002)

We propose a flow-based admission control algorithm for quality of service (QoS) provisioning in the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) backbone network. In the MPLS label edge router (LER), this algorithm can achieve reliable delay bounded QoS provisioning and high resource utilization using flow-based traffic classification through differentiated services (DiffServ) mapping.
Anthranilic acid analogs as diamagnetic CEST MRI contrast agents that feature an intramolecular‐bond shifted hydrogen (2014)

Diamagnetic chemical exchange saturation transfer (diaCEST) agents are a new class of imaging agents, which have unique magnetic resonance (MR) properties similar to agents used for optical imaging. Here we present a series of anthranilic acid analogs as examples of diaCEST agents that feature an exchangeable proton shifted downfield, namely, an intramolecular-bond shifted hydrogen (IM-SHY), which produces significant and tunable contrast at frequencies of 4.8-9.3 ppm from water. Five analogs of N-sulfonyl anthranilic acids are all highly soluble and produced similar CEST contrast at ~6-8 ppm. We also discovered that flufenamic acid, a commercial nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, displayed CEST contrast at 4.8 ppm. For these N-H IM-SHY agents, the contrast produced was insensitive to pH, making them complementary to existing diaCEST probes. This initial IM-SHY library includes the largest reported shifts for N-H protons on small organic diaCEST agents, and should find use as multifrequency MR agents for in vivo applications.