gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame Current Controller for Unbalanced Grid-Voltage Conditions (2012)

In the last few years, restrictive grid codes have arisen to ensure the performance and stability of electrical networks, which experience a massive integration of renewable energy sources and distributed generation systems that are normally connected to the grid through electronic power converters. In these codes, the injection of positive- and negative-sequence current components becomes necessary for fulfilling, among others, the low-voltage ride-through requirements during balanced and unbalanced grid faults. However, the performance of classical dq current controllers, applied to power converters, under unbalanced grid-voltage conditions is highly deficient, due to the unavoidable appearance of current oscillations. This paper analyzes the performance of the double synchronous reference frame controller and improves its structure by adding a decoupling network for estimating and compensating the undesirable current oscillations. Experimental results will demonstrate the validity of the proposed decoupled DSRF controller.
Ag metallization on silicides with nitride barriers (2004)

The thermal stability of Ag thin films on Ti–O–N/silicides (CoSi2 and NiSi) is investigated with various characterization techniques in this study. A Ti–O–N film was used as a diffusion barrier for Ag metallization. Silicide thin films are prepared by solid phase reactions utilizing metal/silicon bilayer structure. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) of annealed films reveals Ag film changes to occur at 650°C. Optical microscopy shows voids in the Ag film on the Ti–O–N diffusion barrier for temperature above 600°C. Increasing anneal temperature up to 700°C produces high density of voids in Ag films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) shows the morphology of the voids that occur in the Ag film on the Ti–O–N barrier. RBS indicates some amount of Ag loss from the annealed samples at high temperatures. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) depth profiling reveals Ag diffusions to Ti–O–N/silicides/Si structures. We discuss the thermal stability and failure mechanism of Ag films on Ti–O–N/silicides/Si annealed at various temperatures.
Extraction of Protein Dynamics Information Hidden in Cryogenic Electron Microscopy Maps Using Deep Learning (2020)

Abstract Technical breakthroughs in cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM)-based single-particle analysis have enabled the structures of numerous proteins to be solved at atomic or near-atomic resolutions, including extremely large macromolecules whose structures could not be solved by conventional techniques. Determining the dynamics properties of these macromolecules, based on their solved structures, can further improve our understanding of their functional mechanisms. However, such analysis is often hampered by the large molecular size and complex structural assembly, making both experimental and computational approaches to determine dynamics properties challenging. Here, we report a deep learning-based approach, DEFMap, to extract the dynamics information “hidden” in cryo-EM density maps. By relying only on cryo-EM maps, DEFMap successfully provided dynamics information equivalent to that determined from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and experimental approaches at the atomic and residue levels. Additionally, DEFMap could detect dynamics changes associated with molecular recognition and the accompanying allosteric conformational stabilizations, which trigger various biological events such as signal transduction and enzyme catalysis. This approach will provide new insights into the functional mechanisms of biological molecules, accelerating modern molecular biology researches. Furthermore, this advanced strategy combining experimental data, deep learning approaches, and MD simulations would open a new multidisciplinary science area
A high performance 0.18/spl mu/m BiCMOS technology employing high carbon content in the base layer of the SiGe HBT to achieve low variability of hFE (2003)

We present a 0.18/spl mu/m BiCMOS technology in which the hFE variability of silicon-germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors (SiGe HBTs) is greatly minimized by means of increased neutral base recombination adding high carbon content in the base layer. In this work, we propose, for the first time, to use a high concentration of carbon in the base of SiGe HBTs as a practical way to increase the base current in a predictable and controlled way. Consequently, variability of hFE is greatly decreased and a significant improvement of device matching can be achieved. Furthermore, to guarantee a sufficiently high value of hFE we propose a silicon-germanium cap architecture to increase the collector current. HBTs fabricated using this technology exhibit a peak fT of 90GHz and a peak fMAX of 140GHz with an fTxBVceo of 255GHzV. Together with state of the art 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS platform and high quality passives this technology is a viable candidate for the design of high frequency analog circuits.
Hormonal support in women with Asherman syndrome does not lead to better outcomes: A randomized trial (2023)

Usual care does not lead to better outcomes as compared with not giving exogenous estrogen but is associated with side effects.
Modified radial tongue-shaped flap following stepwise surgical release for Benson type I camptodactyly of the 5th digit (2023)

To investigate the outcomes of the modified radial tongue-shaped flap following stepwise surgery release for treating Benson type I camptodactyly of the 5th digit. A retrospective analysis involving patients with Benson type I camptodactyly of the 5th digit was performed. A total of 8 patients with 12 affected digits were included. Extent of surgical release depended on the degree of soft tissue contracture. Skin release, subcutaneous fascial release, and flexor digitorum superficialis tenotomy were performed in all 12 digits, sliding volar plate release in 2 digits, and intrinsic tendon transfer in 1 digit. The mean total passive motion of proximal interphalangeal joint significantly increased from 32.5° ± 16° to 86.3° ± 20.4°, while mean total active motion significantly increased from 22° ± 10.5° to 73.8° ± 27.5° (P < 0.05). Treatment outcomes were excellent in 6 patients, good in 3, moderate in 2, and poor in 1. Scar hyperplasia occurred in 1 patient. The radial tongue-shaped flap allowed for full coverage of the volar skin defect, and was considered aesthetically favorable. In addition, the stepwise surgical approach not only achieved good curative effects, but also allowed for individualization of treatment.
Potential to Detect Hydrogen Concentration Gradients with Palladium Infused Mesoporous-Titania on D-Shaped Optical Fiber (2016)

A distributed sensing capable high temperature D-shaped optical fiber modified with a palladium nanoparticle sensitized mesoporous (∼5 nm) TiO<sub>2</sub> film, is demonstrated. The refractive index of the TiO<sub>2</sub> film was reduced using block copolymer templating in order to realize a mesoporous matrix, accommodating integration with optical fiber. The constructed sensor was analyzed by performing direct transmission loss measurements, and by analyzing the behavior of an integrated fiber Bragg grating. The inscribed grating should reveal whether the refractive index of the composite film experiences changes upon exposure to hydrogen. In addition, with frequency domain reflectometry the distributed sensing potential of the developed sensor for hydrogen concentrations of up to 10% is examined. The results show the possibility of detecting chemical gradients with sub-cm resolution at temperatures greater than 500 °C.
Accelerating Reactions with Microreactors at Elevated Temperatures and Pressures: Profiling Aminocarbonylation Reactions (2007)

Squeeze play: Pressurized microreactor systems greatly expand the range of reaction conditions and accelerate gas–liquid mass transfer. Heck aminocarbonylation reactions (see scheme) exemplify the potential for the quick and safe scanning of reagents and reaction conditions. The yield of amide increases with an increase in temperature and the selectivity for α-ketoamide production (n=2) increases at lower temperature and higher pressure. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z604175_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Nanodiamond-Polymer Composite Fibers and Coatings (2009)

While nanocrystalline diamond is quickly becoming one of the most widely studied nanomaterials, achieving a large fraction of diamond nanoparticles in a polymer coating has been an unresolved problem. In this work, polymer nano- and microfibers containing high loadings of 5 nm diamond particles (up to 80 wt % in polyacrylonitrile and 40% in polyamide 11) have been demonstrated using electrospun nanofibers as a delivery vehicle. The electrospun nanofibers with a high load of nanodiamond in the polymers were fused into thin transparent films, which had high mechanical properties; an improvement of 4 times for the Young's modulus and 2 times for the hardness was observed already at 20% nanodiamond in polyamide 11. These films can provide UV protection and scratch resistance to a variety of surfaces, especially in applications where a combination of mechanical, thermal, and dielectric properties is required.
Simulation of the Elastic and Ultimate Tensile Properties of Diamond, Graphene, Carbon Nanotubes, and Amorphous Carbon Using a Revised ReaxFF Parametrization (2015)

In light of the enduring interest in using nanostructured carbon materials as reinforcing elements in composite materials, there is a significant need for a reliable computational tool capable to predict the mechanical properties, both elastic properties and properties at the point of fracture, in large-scale atomistic simulations. A revised version of the ReaxFF reactive force field parametrization for carbon, ReaxFFC-2013, was recently published and is notable because of the inclusion of density functional theory (DFT)-derived mechanical data for diamond and graphite in the fitting set. The purpose of the present work is to assess the accuracy of this new force field for predicting the mechanical properties for several allotropes of carbon, both in the elastic regime and during fracture. The initial discussion focuses on the performance of ReaxFFC-2013 for diamond and graphene, the two carbon forms for which mechanical properties were included in the parametrization data set. After it is established that simulations conducted with the new force field yield results that agree well with DFT and experimental data for most properties of interest, its transferability to amorphous carbon and carbon nanotubes is explored. ReaxFFC-2013 is found to produce results that, for the most part, compare favorably with available experimental data for single and multiwalled nanotubes and for amorphous carbon models prepared over a range of densities. Although there is opportunity for improvement in some predicted properties, the ReaxFFC-2013 parametrization is shown to generally perform well for each form of carbon and to compare favorably with DFT and experimental data.
Untangling Security and Privacy (2020)

Presents the table of contents for this issue of the publication.
A trisaccharide acceptor analog for N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V which binds to the enzyme but sterically precludes the transfer reaction. (1993)

Development of inhibitors specific for the glycosyltransferases involved in the biosynthesis of asparagine-linked sugar chains has been undertaken in the hopes that these compounds may serve as tools to elucidate the roles of complex carbohydrates in biological recognition events. We report here the first example of a glycosyltransferase acceptor analog in which strategic replacement of a nonreacting hydroxyl group with a larger substituent produces a molecule which is recognized by the enzyme but does not react because of a steric block to the glycosyl transfer reaction. N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from the sugar nucleotide donor UDP-GlcNAc to the 6-OH group of mannose in the synthetic trisaccharide acceptor beta GlcNAc(1-->2)alpha Man(1-->6)beta Glc-O(CH2)7CH3 (Km = 23 +/- 2 microM; Vmax = 116 +/- 3 pmol/h) to form the tetrasaccharide beta GlcNAc(1-->2)(beta GlcNAc(1-->6))alpha Man(1-->6)beta Glc-O(CH2)7CH3. The acceptor analog produced by replacement of the adjacent nonreacting 4-OH group of the mannose residue with an O-methyl group was not a substrate for the enzyme but was found to be a good competitive inhibitor of GlcNAc transferase V with Ki = 14 +/- 2 microM. To test the theory that it was the presence of the large methyl group which prevented the glycosyl transfer reaction the 4'-deoxygenated analog was synthesized. It was found to be a good substrate with Km = 74 +/- 6 microM and an almost 5-fold higher kcat (Vmax = 535 +/- 13 pmol/h). NMR data show no evidence of important conformational differences between the trisaccharide analogs, and kinetic experiments detected no differences for the binding of UDP-GlcNAc in their presence. The conclusion was therefore reached that the large methyl group introduced on O-4' sterically prevented the formation of product even though both potential substrates were bound by the enzyme. This "steric exclusion" strategy offers potential for the design of inhibitors for that class of glycosyltransferases in which the reactive hydroxyl group is also an essential recognition element.
Tinnitus in children: Association with stress and trait anxiety (2012)

The present study confirms that many children are aware of tinnitus and that they may be susceptible to stressful environments. In particular, trait anxiety may be associated with tinnitus. Because both tinnitus and anxiety can affect the daily lives and health of children-as with adults-a detailed strategy for the management of tinnitus in children should be established.
Silver Coated Platinum Core–Shell Nanostructures on Etched Si Nanowires: Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Processing and Application in SERS (2010)

A new method to prepare plasmonically active noble metal nanostructures on large surface area silicon nanowires (SiNWs) mediated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology has successfully been demonstrated for applications of surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)-based sensing. As host material for the plasmonically active nanostructures we use dense single-crystalline SiNWs with diameters of less than 100 nm as obtained by a wet chemical etching method based on silver nitrate and hydrofluoric acid solutions. The SERS active metal nanoparticles/islands are made from silver (Ag) shells as deposited by autometallography on the core nanoislands made from platinum (Pt) that can easily be deposited by ALD in the form of nanoislands covering the SiNW surfaces in a controlled way. The density of the plasmonically inactive Pt islands as well as the thickness of noble metal Ag shell are two key factors determining the magnitude of the SERS signal enhancement and sensitivity of detection. The optimized Ag coated Pt islands on SiNWs exhibit great potential for ultrasensitive molecular sensing in terms of high SERS signal enhancement ability, good stability and reproducibility. The plasmonic activity of the core-shell Pt//Ag system that will be experimentally realized in this paper as an example was demonstrated in numerical finite element simulations as well as experimentally in Raman measurements of SERS activity of a highly diluted model dye molecule. The morphology and structure of the core-shell Pt//Ag nanoparticles on SiNW surfaces were investigated by scanning- and transmission electron microscopy. Optimized core-shell nanoparticle geometries for maximum Raman signal enhancement is discussed essentially based on the finite element modeling.
Pathway Comparison of Comminution Energy Consumption from Wet Wood Chips to Dry Sub-mm Particles (2016)

<abstract> <b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> This study compared multiple pathways to produce small (0.8mm GMD) wood particles from fuel-grade Douglas fir chips. Six pathways were selected representing two industry-standard hammermill pathways plus four that included rotary shearing of green chips before drying and final hammermilling. We found that drying time is reduced proportionally to the magnitude of particle size reduction prior to drying. Raw chips took an average of 24 minutes to dry from 40% to 7% MC (wb). Size reduction to 2-3mm reduced the drying time to less than 5 minutes. It was shown that flowability increases proportional to the amount of size reduction delivered via rotary shear comminution. Rotary shearing to 2-3mm before drying and hammer-milling substantially improved flowability. A combination of 1<sup>st</sup> stage comminution using the Forest Concepts rotary shear system followed by drying and 2<sup>nd</sup> stage fine processing with hammermill is an effective way to produce flowable dry sub-mm feedstocks from wet wood chips.
Confinement-induced orientational alignment of quasi-2D fluids (2009)

We have developed a unique approach for studying the ensemble-averaged nearest-neighbor coordination of confined fluids by combining small-angle X-ray scattering and phase-retrieval–based X-ray diffraction from fluid-filled nanofluidic channel arrays. We apply the method to a charge-stabilized quasi–two-dimensional colloidal fluid (particle diameter 48 nm), focusing on the structural transition from a monolayer to a bilayer with increasing fluid film thickness. In contrast to theoretical work on the paradigmatic hard-sphere fluid, we find unambiguous experimental evidence for orientational alignment of fluids in extreme confinement.
Apoptosis in the Failing Human Heart (1997)

Programmed death of myocytes occurs in the decompensated human heart in spite of the enhanced expression of BCL2; this phenomenon may contribute to the progression of cardiac dysfunction.
Combined Inhibition of PDE4 and PI3Kδ Modulates the Inflammatory Component Involved in the Progression of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2013)

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) represents a group of disorders with several underlying causes that hamper airflow into the lungs. Despite current intervention therapies, COPD remains a disease with a significant unmet medical need. Treatment with Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors results in modest efficacy at clinically relevant doses. The objective of the current study is to evaluate the combination of a PDE4 (Roflumilast) and a Phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) δ (IC87114) inhibitor for their therapeutic potential in diminishing the inflammatory response associated with COPD. Due to their divergent and independent pathways, we hypothesize that the combination would be efficacious at low concentrations in an in vitro setting. Inhibition of TNFα, pAkt, MMP-9 in differentiated U937 macrophages upon stimulation with LPS/CSE was determined. Neutrophil functionality manifested by a modulation of elastase activity was estimated. Protective effect of drug combination on CSE induced apoptosis of lung epithelial cells was also determined. Data demonstrated that the combination of Roflumilast and IC87114 reduced TNFα, pAkt and MMP-9 at nanomolar concentrations and was several fold potent than either of the compounds alone. Inhibition of neutrophil elastase was also increased significantly with the combination along with a better protection against CSE induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells, thereby providing a rationale for their evaluation in COPD patients.
Global Host Immune Response: Pathogenesis and Transcriptional Profiling of Type A Influenza Viruses Expressing the Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Genes from the 1918 Pandemic Virus (2004)

To understand more fully the molecular events associated with highly virulent or attenuated influenza virus infections, we have studied the effects of expression of the 1918 hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) genes during viral infection in mice under biosafety level 3 (agricultural) conditions. Using histopathology and cDNA microarrays, we examined the consequences of expression of the HA and NA genes of the 1918 pandemic virus in a recombinant influenza A/WSN/33 virus compared to parental A/WSN/33 virus and to an attenuated virus expressing the HA and NA genes from A/New Caledonia/20/99. The 1918 HA/NA:WSN and WSN recombinant viruses were highly lethal for mice and displayed severe lung pathology in comparison to the nonlethal New Caledonia HA/NA:WSN recombinant virus. Expression microarray analysis performed on lung tissues isolated from the infected animals showed activation of many genes involved in the inflammatory response, including cytokine, apoptosis, and lymphocyte genes that were common to all three infection groups. However, consistent with the histopathology studies, the WSN and 1918 HA/NA:WSN recombinant viruses showed increased up-regulation of genes associated with activated T cells and macrophages, as well as genes involved in apoptosis, tissue injury, and oxidative damage that were not observed in the New Caledonia HA/NA:WSN recombinant virus-infected mice. These studies document clear differences in gene expression profiles that were correlated with pulmonary disease pathology induced by virulent and attenuated influenza virus infections.
Micro-capillary liquid chromatography Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry--a powerful tool for peptide and protein identification. (2001)

In order to be able to study complex biological samples, a micro-capillary liquid chromatography system was coupled to a 9.4 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer. The setup was tested on a tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin, which resulted in high sequence coverage (> 92%) of the protein.
Electrowetting-based actuation for microinjection (2004)

We propose a micro pipette which has a pumping and ejecting function based on the principle of electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD). The pipette was fabricated through a simple process of depositing and patterning conductive materials and hydrophobic polymer coatings on the inside and outside of a pulled glass tube. We estimated the amount of the controllable water theoretically. The pipette was designed to pump up liquid of 50 nl at a driving voltage of 250 V. Capillary rise and depression were then observed in a fabricated pipette.