gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) Inhibitor with Pleiotropic In Vitro Anti-Toxoplasma and Anti-Plasmodium Activities Controls Acute and Chronic Toxoplasma Infection in Mice (2022)

Toxoplasmosis is a highly prevalent human disease, and virulent strains of this parasite emerge from wild biotopes. Here, we report on the potential of a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor we previously synthesized, named JF363, to act in vitro against a large panel of <i>Toxoplasma</i> strains, as well as against the liver and blood stages of <i>Plasmodium</i> parasites, the causative agents of malaria. In vivo administration of the drug significantly increases the survival of mice during the acute phase of infection by <i>T. gondii</i>, thus delaying its spreading. We further provide evidence of the compound's efficiency in controlling the formation of cysts in the brain of <i>T. gondii</i>-infected mice. A convincing docking of the JF363 compound in the active site of the five annotated ME49 <i>T. gondii</i> HDACs was performed by extensive sequence-structure comparison modeling. The resulting complexes show a similar mode of binding in the five paralogous structures and a quite similar prediction of affinities in the micromolar range. Altogether, these results pave the way for further development of this compound to treat acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. It also shows promise for the future development of anti-<i>Plasmodium</i> therapeutic interventions.
Measurement of PET Quantitative Bias In Vivo (2020)

Quantitative imaging biomarkers are widely used in PET for both research and clinical applications, yet bias in the underlying image data has not been well characterized. In the absence of a readily available reference standard for in vivo quantification, bias in PET images has been inferred using physical phantoms, even though arrangements of this sort provide only a poor approximation of the imaging environment in real patient examinations. In this study, we used data acquired from patient volunteers to assess PET quantitative bias in vivo. Image-derived radioactivity concentrations in the descending aorta were compared with blood samples counted on a calibrated γ-counter. <b>Methods:</b> Ten patients with prostate cancer were studied using 2-(3-(1-carboxy-5-[(6-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-pyridine-3-carbonyl)-amino]-pentyl)-ureido)-pentanedioic acid PET/CT. For each patient, 3 whole-body PET/CT image series were acquired after a single administration of the radiotracer: shortly after injection as well as approximately 1 and 4 h later. Venous blood samples were obtained at 8 time points over an 8-h period, and whole blood was counted on a NaI γ-counter. A 10-mm-diameter, 20-mm-long cylindric volume of interest was positioned in the descending thoracic aorta to estimate the PET-derived radioactivity concentration in blood. A triexponential function was fit to the γ-counter blood data and used to estimate the radioactivity concentration at the time of each PET acquisition. <b>Results:</b> The PET-derived and γ-counter-derived radioactivity concentrations were linearly related, with an <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> of 0.985, over a range of relevant radioactivity concentrations. The mean difference between the PET and γ-counter data was 4.8% ± 8.6%, with the PET measurements tending to be greater. <b>Conclusion:</b> Human image data acquired on a conventional whole-body PET/CT system with a typical clinical protocol differed by an average of around 5% from blood samples counted on a calibrated γ-counter. This bias may be partly attributable to residual uncorrected scatter or attenuation correction error. These data offer an opportunity for the assessment of PET bias in vivo and provide additional support for the use of quantitative imaging biomarkers.
Damage Caused by Dynamic/Cyclic Loading of a Detonation Chamber (2013)

The plastic damage caused by multiple dynamic loading and its influence on the ductility and toughness of 3.5% Ni steel (SA203E) and C steel (SA516M) were examined for the discussion of integrity design of detonation chambers. V-notched specimens and hourglass specimens were welded on the 1/7-scale model of a 1-ton explosive class detonation chamber and subjected to 30 detonation shots. It has been indicated that 30 detonation shots caused prestrain in the specimens. The ductility was reduced by the prestrain. The Charpy impact toughness was affected as well in a lower temperature. It has been noted that the damage is developed with fatigue crack growth at the notch root of the V-notched specimen.
CN engineered electron transport type hosts for high efficiency and extended lifetime in blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2021)

The <bold>4DBF-BNCZ</bold> and <bold>4DBF-PCZ</bold> with CN substituent are developed as the electron transport and high triplet energy hosts for blue TADF application. The <bold>4DBF-BNCZ</bold> demonstrates a high EQE of 20% and device lifetime of 32.2 h up to 80%.
[Gastrointestinal bleeding and intussusception caused by Peutz-Jeghers syndrome]. (2011)

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an inherited, autosomal dominant disorder characterised by haematomatous polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and mucocutaneus hyperpigmentation. A girl 15 years of age presented with microcytic, hypochrome anaemia. Endoscopy revealed several polyps in the stomach and colon. The patient was later operated due to an intussusception from polyps in the jejunum. Histology proved the polyps to be haematomatous as seen in PJS. Patients with PJS have an increased risk of developing both gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal cancers. Screening recommendation for PJS is outlined.
Tracheomalacia in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Trachealis hyper‐relaxant responses to S‐nitrosoglutathione in a hyperoxic murine model (2019)

GSNO dramatically relaxed the trachealis in our BPD model, an effect paradoxically reversed by loss of GSNOR. Conversely, GSNOR inhibition augmented IBP relaxation. These data suggest that GSNOR inhibition could benefit both the BPD trachealis and distal airways, restoring relaxant responses to those of room air controls. Because therapeutic options are limited in this high-risk population, future studies of GSNOR inhibition are needed.
Translocation of an immunoglobulin kappa locus to a region 3' of an unrearranged c-myc oncogene enhances c-myc transcription. (1983)

We have studied somatic cell hybrids between mouse myeloma and JI Burkitt lymphoma cells carrying a t(2;8) chromosome translocation for the expression of human kappa chains. and for the presence and rearrangements of the human c-myc oncogene and kappa chain genes. Our results indicate that the c-myc oncogene is unrearranged and remains on the 8q+ chromosome of JI cells. Two rearranged C kappa genes were detected: the expressed allele on normal chromosome 2 and the excluded kappa allele that was translocated from chromosome 2 to the involved chromosome 8 (8q+). The distribution of V kappa and C kappa genes in hybrid clones retaining different human chromosomes indicated that C kappa is distal to V kappa on 2p and that the breakpoint in this Burkitt lymphoma is within the region carrying V kappa genes. High levels of transcripts of the c-myc gene were found when it resided on the 8q+ chromosome but not on the normal chromosome 8, demonstrating that translocation of a kappa locus to region distal to the c-myc oncogene enhances c-myc transcription.
Measurement of the atomic orbital composition of the near-fermi-level electronic states in the lanthanum monopnictides LaBi, LaSb, and LaAs (2018)

Abstract Recent debates in the literature over the relationship between topology and Extreme Magnetoresistance (XMR) have drawn attention to the Lanthanum Monopnictide family of binary compounds. Angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is used to measure the electronic structure of the XMR topological semimetal candidates LaBi, LaSb, and LaAs. The orbital content of the near- E F states in LaBi and LaSb are extracted using varying photon polarizations and both dominant d and p bands are observed near X . The measured bulk bands are shifted in energy when compared to the results of Density Functional Calculations. This disagreement is minor in LaBi, but large in LaSb and LaAs. The measured bulk band structure of LaBi shows a clear band inversion and puts LaBi in the υ = 1 class of Topological Insulators (or semimetals), as predicted by calculations and consistent with the measured Dirac-like surface states. LaSb is on the verge of a band inversion with a less-clear case for any distinctly topological surface states and in disagreement with calculations. Lastly, these same bands in LaAs are clearly non-inverted implying its topological triviality and demonstrating a topological phase transition in the Lanthanum monopnictides. Using a wide range of photon energies the true bulk states are cleanly disentangled from the various types of surface states which are present. These surface states exist due to surface projections of bulk states in LaSb and for topological reasons in LaBi.
Atrial, Ventricular, or Both Cannulation Sites to Optimize Left Ventricular Assistance? (2001)

The efficiency of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) depends on the capacity of the inflow cannula to drain blood into the pump. Left atrial (LA) and left ventricular (LV) sites were compared in an animal model mimicking different hemodynamic conditions. Three calves (56.3+/-5.0 kg) were equipped with a Thoratec LVAD. A regular cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit was used as a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) (jugular vein/pulmonary artery), and preload conditions were adjusted by storage (or perfusion) of blood into (or from) the venous reservoir. LA and LV drainage, tested separately or simultaneously, was measured by its effect on the LVAD's performance. The LVAD was used alone on a beating heart or together with the RVAD (biVAD) on a beating and on a fibrillating heart. Increasing the central venous pressure (CVP) highlighted the differences between the LA and LV cannulation sites when the LVAD was tested either alone or together with the RVAD (biVAD) on a beating heart. Drainage through the LA or the LV was similar when CVP was set at 8 mm Hg, and increasing CVP to 14 mm Hg allowed for better drainage through the LV cannula. In contrast, after induction of fibrillation to mimic extreme heart failure, the drainage was better through the LA cannula. Using both LA and LV cannulae simultaneously did not improve the LVAD output in any of the conditions tested. LV cannulation provides better blood drainage when used on a normal beating heart and, therefore, allows for increased LVAD performance. However, in severe heart failure, blood drainage through the LV cannula decreases and the LA cannulation site is superior.
Graphene Synthesis via Magnetic Inductive Heating of Copper Substrates (2013)

Scaling graphene growth using an oven to heat large substrates becomes less energy efficient as system size is increased. We report a route to graphene synthesis in which radio frequency (RF) magnetic fields inductively heat metal foils, yielding graphene of quality comparable to or higher than that of current chemical vapor deposition techniques. RF induction heating allows for rapid temperature ramp up/down, with great potential for large scale and rapid manufacturing of graphene with much better energy efficiency. Back-gated field effect transistors on a SiO2/Si substrate showed carrier mobility up to ∼14 000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) measured under ambient conditions. Many advantages of RF heating are outlined, and some fundamental aspects of this approach are discussed.
Vesicular transport inHistoplasma capsulatum: an effective mechanism for trans-cell wall transfer of proteins and lipids in ascomycetes (2008)

Vesicular secretion of macromolecules has recently been described in the basidiomycete Cryptococcus neoformans, raising the question as to whether ascomycetes similarly utilize vesicles for transport. In the present study, we examine whether the clinically important ascomycete Histoplasma capsulatum produce vesicles and utilized these structures to secrete macromolecules. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows transcellular secretion of vesicles by yeast cells. Proteomic and lipidomic analyses of vesicles isolated from culture supernatants reveal a rich collection of macromolecules involved in diverse processes, including metabolism, cell recycling, signalling and virulence. The results demonstrate that H. capsulatum can utilize a trans-cell wall vesicular transport secretory mechanism to promote virulence. Additionally, TEM of supernatants collected from Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Sporothrix schenckii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae documents that vesicles are similarly produced by additional ascomycetes. The vesicles from H. capsulatum react with immune serum from patients with histoplasmosis, providing an association of the vesicular products with pathogenesis. The findings support the proposal that vesicular secretion is a general mechanism in fungi for the transport of macromolecules related to virulence and that this process could be a target for novel therapeutics.
Eigenvalue Distribution In The Self-Dual Non-Hermitian Ensemble (1999)

We consider an ensemble of self-dual matrices with arbitrary complex entries. This ensemble is closely related to a previously defined ensemble of anti-symmetric matrices with arbitrary complex entries. We study the two-level correlation functions numerically. Although no evidence of non-monotonicity is found in the real space correlation function, a definite shoulder is found. On the analytical side, we discuss the relationship between this ensemble and the $β=4$ two-dimensional one-component plasma, and also argue that this ensemble, combined with other ensembles, exhausts the possible universality classes in non-hermitian random matrix theory. This argument is based on combining the method of hermitization of Feinberg and Zee with Zirnbauer's classification of ensembles in terms of symmetric spaces.
Cerebral oxygenation and blood flow distributions along the capillary path in awake mice (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Cortical capillary blood flow and oxygenation are highly heterogeneous. Mapping absolute capillary blood flow and oxygenation along capillary path is a key step towards understanding how oxygen is transported and delivered in a complex microvascular network to enable adequate tissue oxygenation. In this work, we applied two-photon microscopic imaging of intravascular oxygen partial pressure (PO2) to measure both oxygen concentration and red blood cell (RBC) flux in cortical arterioles, capillaries, and venules. Imaging was performed in awake, head-restrained C57BL/6 mice (n=15), through a chronic sealed cranial window centered over the E1 whisker barrel. We obtained a detailed mapping of the resting state cortical microvascular PO2 in all arterioles and venules, and both PO2 and RBC flux in most capillaries down to 600 μm depth from the cortical surface (n=6,544 capillaries across all mice). Capillary RBC speed and density were also extracted and all measurements were co-registered with the microvascular angiograms. We characterized the distributions of capillary PO2 and flow as a function of branching order and cortical depth. The results show strong positive correlation between oxygenation and flow in the capillary segments, with an increased correlation in downstream capillaries. We have also observed homogenization of both oxygenation and flow in deeper cortical layers, which may imply a mechanism to improve oxygen delivery without increasing global blood flow in the area with increased metabolism.
Reference-pattern learning and optimization from an input-pattern stream for associative-memory-based pattern-recognition systems (2004)

A learning algorithm of the optimized data base for an associative-memory-based pattern recognition system from a time-serial input-pattern stream is presented. The algorithm covers learning of both, the reference patterns and the recognition thresholds being most suitable for a highly reliable recognition of new input patterns. Algorithm simulation verifies a better performance than the conventional k-means algorithm. In particular, learned-pattern quality is improved for a non-Gaussian distribution of the object patterns in the input-pattern stream. A VLSI-chip architecture for integration of this learning algorithm with a fully-parallel associative memory is proposed in addition.
Optically Enhanced Solid-State 1 H NMR Spectroscopy (2023)

Low sensitivity is the primary limitation to extending nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to more advanced chemical and structural studies. Photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP) is an NMR hyperpolarization technique where light is used to excite a suitable donor-acceptor system, creating a spin-correlated radical pair whose evolution drives nuclear hyperpolarization. Systems that exhibit photo-CIDNP in solids are not common, and this effect has, up to now, only been observed for <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N nuclei. However, the low gyromagnetic ratio and natural abundance of these nuclei trap the local hyperpolarization in the vicinity of the chromophore and limit the utility for bulk hyperpolarization. Here, we report the first example of optically enhanced solid-state <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy in the high-field regime. This is achieved via photo-CIDNP of a donor-chromophore-acceptor molecule in a frozen solution at 0.3 T and 85 K, where spontaneous spin diffusion among the abundant strongly coupled <sup>1</sup>H nuclei relays polarization through the whole sample, yielding a 16-fold bulk <sup>1</sup>H signal enhancement under continuous laser irradiation at 450 nm. These findings enable a new strategy for hyperpolarized NMR beyond the current limits of conventional microwave-driven DNP.
Rechargeable Alkaline Metal Batteries of Amide Salt Electrolytes Melting at Low to Middle Temperatures (2014)

Binary and ternary mixed alkaline bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) amide (TFSA) and bis(fluorosulfonyl)amide (FSA) salts have been investigated for the electrolytes of rechargeable lithium and sodium batteries. These batteries consist of alkaline metals or their alloys for the negative electrode materials, thermally stable chalcogenides for the positive electrode materials and salt mixture electrolytes optimized for each system. Aluminum is a suitable material for the current collector of the positive electrode in these batteries. The non-flammable and non-volatile nature of these low-temperature melting salts gives a high safety for battery operation. Some of the promising systems are the following: Li/(Li,K,Cs)TFSA/LiFePO4 (150–170 °C, Li:K:Cs = 20 : 10 : 70), Li/(Li,K,Cs)FSA/LiFePO4 (40–60 °C, Li:K:Cs = 30 : 35 : 35), Na/(Na,Cs)TFSA/NaCrO2 (150 °C, Na:Cs = 10 : 90), Na/(Na,K)FSA/NaCrO2 (80 °C, Na:K = 45 : 55).
PNC with multiple antennas (2009)

The two-phase MIMO NC (network coding) scheme can be used to boost the throughput in a two-way relay channel in which nodes are equipped with multiple antennas. The obvious strategy is for the relay node to extract the individual packets from the two end nodes and mix the two packets to form a network-coded packet. In this paper, we propose a new scheme called MIMO PNC (physical network coding), in which the relay extracts the summation and difference of the two end packets and then converts them to the network-coded form. MIMO PNC is a natural combination of the single-antenna PNC scheme and the linear MIMO detection scheme. The advantages of MIMO PNC are many. First, it removes the stringent carrier-phase requirement in single-antenna PNC. Second, it is linear in complexity with respect to the constellation size and the number of simultaneous data streams in MIMO. Simulation shows that MIMO PNC outperforms the straightforward MIMO NC significantly under random Rayleigh fading channel. Based on our analysis, we further conjecture that MIMO PNC outperforms MIMO NC under all possible realizations of the channel.
Local Conformational Stability of HIV-1 gp120 in Unliganded and CD4-Bound States as Defined by Amide Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange (2010)

The binding reaction of the HIV-1 gp120 envelope glycoprotein to the CD4 receptor involves exceptional changes in enthalpy and entropy. Crystal structures of gp120 in unliganded and various ligand-bound states, meanwhile, reveal an inner domain able to fold into diverse conformations, a structurally invariant outer domain, and, in the CD4-bound state, a bridging sheet minidomain. These studies, however, provide only hints as to the flexibility of each state. Here we use amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled to mass spectrometry to provide quantifications of local conformational stability for HIV-1 gp120 in unliganded and CD4-bound states. On average, unliganded core gp120 displayed >10,000-fold slower exchange of backbone-amide hydrogens than a theoretically unstructured protein of the same composition, with binding by CD4 reducing the rate of gp120 amide exchange a further 10-fold. For the structurally constant CD4, alterations in exchange correlated well with alterations in binding surface (P value = 0.0004). For the structurally variable gp120, however, reductions in flexibility extended outside the binding surface, and regions of expected high structural diversity (inner domain/bridging sheet) displayed roughly 20-fold more rapid exchange in the unliganded state than regions of low diversity (outer domain). Thus, despite an extraordinary reduction in entropy, neither unliganded gp120 nor free CD4 was substantially unstructured, suggesting that most of the diverse conformations that make up the gp120 unliganded state are reasonably ordered. The results provide a framework for understanding how local conformational stability influences entropic change, conformational diversity, and structural rearrangements in the gp120-CD4 binding reaction.
Early IANA Allocation of Standards Track Code Points (2005)

This memo discusses earlier allocation of code points by IANA as a
remedy to the problem created by the Standards Action IANA policy
for protocols for which, by the IETF process, implementation and
deployment experience is desired or required prior to publication.
This document specifies an Internet Best Current Practices for the
Internet Community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements.
Evaluation of cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) scintillation crystals for PET (1993)

A new scintillation crystal, cerium doped lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO), is discussed. It has light intensity which is 75% of NaI(Tl), scintillation decay time of 12 ns (30%) and 42 ns (70%), effective Z of 66, and density of 7.4 g/cm/sup 3/. The fast decay time and scintillation light output of LSO are superior to those of bismuth germanate (BGO) for positron emission tomography (PET) and the stopping power of LSO for 511-keV photons is only slightly lower than BGO. The detection characteristics relevant to PET applications of small crystals of LSO (2*2*10 mm) are compared with those of BGO. The energy resolution at 511 keV is 12% full width half maximum (FWHM) for LSO and two to three times wider for BGO. The coincidence timing of two opposing crystals, using a position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT), is 1.4 ns FWHM for LSO and more than three times higher for BGO. Using a fast PMT, coincidence timing for LSO yields 0.46 ns FWHM. These crystals are being used to simulate a small-scale PET scanner and to investigate its imaging performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Single-site 123I-FP-CIT reference values from individuals with non-degenerative parkinsonism—comparison with values from healthy volunteers (2020)

The generated <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT references values have similar age-related distribution, with no increase in variance due to comorbidities when compared to values from a multi-center study with healthy volunteers. This makes it possible for sites to build their <sup>123</sup>I-FP-CIT references from scans acquired during routine clinical practice.