gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Adaptation Method for HTTP Streaming of VBR Videos over Mobile Networks (2015)

Recently, HTTP streaming has become very popular for delivering video over the Internet. For adaptivity, a provider should generate multiple versions of a video as well as the related metadata. Various adaptation methods have been proposed to support a streaming client in coping with strong bandwidth variations. However, most of existing methods target at constant bitrate (CBR) videos only. In this paper, we present a new method for quality adaptation in on-demand streaming of variable bitrate (VBR) videos. To cope with strong variations of VBR bitrate, we use a local average bitrate as the representative bitrate of a version. A buffer-based algorithm is then proposed to conservatively adapt video quality. Through experiments, we show that our method can provide quality stability as well as buffer stability even under very strong variations of bandwidth and video bitrates.
Experimental evaluation of beamforming on UAVs in cellular systems (2020)

The usage of beamforming in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has the potential of significantly improving the air-to-ground link quality. This paper presents the outcome of experimental trial of such a UAV-based beamforming system over live cellular networks. A testbed with directional antennas has been built for the experiments. It is shown that beamforming can extend the signal coverage due to antenna gain, as well as spatially reduce interference leading to higher signal quality. Moreover, it has a positive impact on the mobility performance of a flying UAV by reducing handover occurrences. It is also discussed, in which situations beamforming should translate into the uplink throughput gain.
Electrical and Structural Characterization of Biphenylethanethiol SAMs (2007)

The electron-transfer properties of a full-coverage self-assembled monolayer of biphenylethanethiol (CH3-C6H4-C6H4-(CH2)2-SH, BP2) is studied by current versus distance spectroscopy. With this, the electrical properties of different functional groups in one molecule are vertically resolved. The current versus distance plot is shown to consist of three different parts, whose logarithmic slope is interpreted as the decay length of the vacuum, the biphenyl group, and the alkane chain. This finding is described in a trilayer tunnel junction model and the decay constant, βPh, of the tunneling current through the biphenyl group is estimated. Besides characterizing the biphenylalkanethiol monolayers electrically, the structure of these layers is determined by UHV-STM. Two new structures with rectangular (4 × 6√3) lattices are identified for 4‘-methyl-1,1‘-biphenyl-4-ethanethiol self-assembled monolayers on (111)-oriented gold surfaces.
Cryptococcosis (2014)

In patients with recognizable disease, the symptoms of pulmonary cryptococcosis may be mild and are typically chronic. It is likely that both reactivation of previous infection and primary progressive infection can cause CNS cryptococcosis in patients with AIDS. Given the frequent lack of inflammatory responses in patients with cryptococcosis and the possibility of enhancing the immune response by adjuvant type therapy, the factors involved in regulating the production of TH1 immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans infection have received a great deal of study. Natural killer (NK) cells are also important in promoting the development of TH1 cells from naive TH cells during pulmonary cryptococcosis, primarily via the production of IFN- γ. Administration of IL-12 to wild-type mice enhances IFN- production, promotes clearance of C. neoformans, and prevents dissemination to the brain. In this study, pulmonary cryptococcosis was associated with almost no expression of TH1 mRNAs, but some TH2 mRNAs. Production of TNF-α in mice with pulmonary cryptococcosis occurs early during infection and also appears necessary for the development of protective TH1 immunity and macrophage activation. Nevertheless, neutralization of either MCP1 or MIP-1α in mice with pulmonary cryptococcosis results in reduced macrophage and leukocyte recruitment and impaired fungal clearance. Since control of cryptococcosis is associated with strong granulomatous responses, immune therapeutic approaches have focused on measures that stimulate cellular-mediated immunity.
Collecting duct carcinoma of the kidney: an immunohistochemical study of 11 cases (2004)

These findings suggest that Fez1 may represent not only a molecular diagnostic marker but also a prognostic marker in CDC.
Safety verification of implicitly defined MPC feedback laws (2015)

For a closed-loop system composed of a linear controlled plant and an MPC feedback strategy we show how to verify that closed-loop state trajectories either enter or avoid a given set of unsafe states. The search for the safety certificate is formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming problem which yields non-conservative certificates. The optimal control commands generated by the MPC policy are represented by Karush-Kuhn-Tucker optimality conditions, which allow to perform the verification without the need to explicitly compute reachable sets.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND ANTIMIKROBIELLE AKTIVITAET EINIGER THENOYLAMIDE (1970)

Abstract Thenoylchlorid (I) wurde mit einer Reihe von Aminen (II) umgesetzt zu den Verbindungen (III).
Noncompetitive Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay for Protein Determination (2020)

Fluorescent polarization immunoassay (FPIA) is a single-step immunoassay method that is applicable to point-of-care testing; however, its applicability to large biomolecules has been restricted because ordinary FPIA is a competitive assay. Here, we report a noncompetitive FPIA using the variable domain from the heavy chain of a camelid antibody (VHH antibody). FPIA with VHH was successfully used to quantitate rabbit immunoglobulin G (IgG) and demonstrated a wider response range than that observed with antibody-binding (Fab) fragment. Then, using a portable FPIA instrument, a VHH-based immunoassay of human IgG in a human serum certified reference material was demonstrated.
Differential gene regulation during programmed death (apoptosis) versus proliferation of prostatic glandular cells induced by androgen manipulation. (1993)

By manipulating the circulating blood level of androgen, it is possible to induce either the programmed death (apoptosis) or proliferation of prostatic glandular cells. To examine the role of differential gene regulation in these two procedure, the expression of the mRNA of a series of genes was quantitated on a per cell basis during the androgen ablation-induced programmed death of rat prostatic glandular cells. These results were then compared to quantitative analysis of the mRNA expression of these same series of genes during the proliferative regrowth of prostatic glandular cells induced in rats castrated for 1 week before being treated with exogenous androgen replacement. These comparisons demonstrated that androgen ablation-induced programmed death of prostatic glandular cells share several (i.e. c-myc, H-ras, and tissue transglutaminase), but not most, of the epigenetic changes associated with androgen-stimulated proliferation of these cells. No enhancement of the mRNA expression of several genes required for entrance of prostatic glandular cells into the S-phase of the proliferative cycle (i.e. histone-H4, c-fos, p53, and ornithine decarboxylase) occurred during androgen ablation-induced programmed death of these cells. These results demonstrated that neither entrance into the S-phase nor progression through a defective proliferative cell cycle is involved in androgen ablation-induced programmed death of prostatic glandular cells. This was further supported by the observation that there is a set of genes (i.e. TRPM-2, transforming growth factor-beta 1, alpha-prothymosin, and calmodulin) in which mRNA expression is only enhanced during programmed cell death and not during proliferation of prostatic glandular cells induced by androgen replacement. These results demonstrate that prostatic programmed cell death is a distinct pathway from cell proliferation involving differential gene regulation.
Crystallization and structure formation in polymer blends with strong intermodular interactions: blends of poly(ethylene oxide) and styrene‐hydroxystyrene copolymers (2003)

Abstract Time‐resolved synchrotron wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering experiments were used to investigate crystallization behavior and microstructure development of a nearly monodisperse poly(ethylene oxide) [PEO] (M w = 53,500), and its melt‐miscible blends with two fractionated styrene ‐ hydroxystyrene random copolymers [SHS]. PEO crystallization rates decrease significantly in the presence of the melt‐miscible SHS copolymers. All low and high molecular weight SHS blends exhibit a crystallization process at relatively short times characterized by large Avrami exponents ( n ), followed by a dominant process with n near that of neat PEO. A model for the crystallization of these blends is proposed.
Use of OCTA Capillary Perfusion Density Measurements to Detect and Grade Macular Ischemia (2020)

Eyes with MI determined by masked qualitative OCTA grading demonstrated significantly reduced CPD values compared to normal eyes. Categorical assessment of MI severity correlated with VA. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2020;51:S30-S36.].
8q24 Amplification in Transitional Cell Carcinoma of Bladder (2003)

Genomic amplifications of the long arm of chromosome 8q are frequently detected in a number of tumor types, including neoplasias of the urothelium. DNA level amplification and increased expression of at 8q24 is commonly associated with chromosomal gains in this region. Using a urothelial cancer tissue microarray, the authors investigated the 8q24 amplification on bladder tumors and metastases. High-copy 8q24 amplification was detected in 9% (12 of 131) of primary tumors and 33% (6 of 18) of distant metastases. Additionally, the authors investigated the expression profiles of two frequently used biomarkers, p53 and Ki67, on the same arrays that had been analyzed for the 8q24 amplification. 8q24 amplification was positively correlated with Ki67 protein expression ( < 0.005), whereas a similar correlation with p53 did not reach statistical significance ( = 0.19). The authors conclude that 8q24 amplification occurs in a small subgroup of primary bladder tumors and in a more significant group of distant metastases.
Challenges in On-Chip Antenna Design and Integration With RF Receiver Front-End Circuitry in Nanoscale CMOS for 5G Communication Systems (2019)

This paper investigates design considerations and challenges of integrating on-chip antennas in nanoscale CMOS technology at millimeter-wave (mm-wave) to achieve a compact front-end receiver for 5G communication systems. Solutions to overcome these challenges are offered and realized in digital 28-nm CMOS. A monolithic on-chip antenna is designed and optimized in the presence of rigorous metal density rules and other back-end-of-the-line (BEoL) challenges of the nanoscale technology. The proposed antenna structure further exploits ground metallization on a PCB board acting as a reflector to increase its radiation efficiency and power gain by 37.3% and 9.8 dB, respectively, while decreasing the silicon area up to 30% compared to the previous works. The antenna is directly matched to a two-stage low noise amplifier (LNA) in a synergetic way as to give rise to an active integrated antenna (AIA) in order to avoid additional matching or interconnect losses. The LNA is followed by a double-balanced folded Gilbert cell mixer, which produces a lower intermediate frequency (IF) such that no probing is required for measurements. The measured total gain of the AIA is 14 dBi. Its total core area is 0.83 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> while the total chip area, including the pad frame, is 1.55 × 0.85 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Dissociating neural subsystems for grammar by contrasting word order and inflection (2010)

An important question in understanding language processing is whether there are distinct neural mechanisms for processing specific types of grammatical structure, such as syntax versus morphology, and, if so, what the basis of the specialization might be. However, this question is difficult to study: A given language typically conveys its grammatical information in one way (e.g., English marks "who did what to whom" using word order, and German uses inflectional morphology). American Sign Language permits either device, enabling a direct within-language comparison. During functional (f)MRI, native signers viewed sentences that used only word order and sentences that included inflectional morphology. The two sentence types activated an overlapping network of brain regions, but with differential patterns. Word order sentences activated left-lateralized areas involved in working memory and lexical access, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, the inferior frontal gyrus, the inferior parietal lobe, and the middle temporal gyrus. In contrast, inflectional morphology sentences activated areas involved in building and analyzing combinatorial structure, including bilateral inferior frontal and anterior temporal regions as well as the basal ganglia and medial temporal/limbic areas. These findings suggest that for a given linguistic function, neural recruitment may depend upon on the cognitive resources required to process specific types of linguistic cues.
Vagus nerve stimulation mitigates intrinsic cardiac neuronal and adverse myocyte remodeling postmyocardial infarction (2015)

This paper aims to determine whether chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) mitigates myocardial infarction (MI)-induced remodeling of the intrinsic cardiac nervous system (ICNS), along with the cardiac tissue it regulates. Guinea pigs underwent VNS implantation on the right cervical vagus. Two weeks later, MI was produced by ligating the ventral descending coronary artery. VNS stimulation started 7 days post-MI (20 Hz, 0.9 ± 0.2 mA, 14 s on, 48 s off; VNS-MI, n = 7) and was compared with time-matched MI animals with sham VNS (MI n = 7) vs. untreated controls (n = 8). Echocardiograms were performed before and at 90 days post-MI. At termination, IC neuronal intracellular voltage recordings were obtained from whole-mount neuronal plexuses. MI increased left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV) 30% (P = 0.027) and reduced LV ejection fraction (LVEF) 6.5% (P < 0.001) at 90 days post-MI compared with baseline. In the VNS-MI group, LVESV and LVEF did not differ from baseline. IC neurons showed depolarization of resting membrane potentials and increased input resistance in MI compared with VNS-MI and sham controls (P < 0.05). Neuronal excitability and sensitivity to norepinephrine increased in MI and VNS-MI groups compared with controls (P < 0.05). Synaptic efficacy, as determined by evoked responses to stimulating input axons, was reduced in VNS-MI compared with MI or controls (P < 0.05). VNS induced changes in myocytes, consistent with enhanced glycogenolysis, and blunted the MI-induced increase in the proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated X protein (P < 0.05). VNS mitigates MI-induced remodeling of the ICNS, correspondingly preserving ventricular function via both neural and cardiomyocyte-dependent actions.
Efficient Contracting in Cloud Service Markets with Asymmetric Information - A Screening Approach (2011)

Increasing popularity of cloud-based services has led to the emergence of cloud marketplaces where services from different providers are offered, usually in the form of a catalog. The customers' decision about buying offered services is based on idiosyncratic preferences regarding non-functional service attributes, e.g., price, provider reputation, and quality of service. The customers' preferences are not necessarily known to providers at the time the service (including pricing) is defined in the marketplace's service catalog. Thus, from a microeconomic perspective, we have to deal with information asymmetry on incomplete markets. On such markets, finding the optimal contracts (i.e., non-functional characteristics and prices) that maximize the provider's profit is challenging due to information uncertainty. This paper presents a generic economic framework based on contract theory which solves the above-mentioned optimization for cloud-based services offered at a marketplace. The contribution is threefold: (i) we analyze and select from providers' perspective non-functional attributes considered by customers when deciding which services to buy, (ii) we implement a holistic contracting framework that grants providers maximal profit through optimal combination of potential values of the chosen attributes and (iii) we present a study of a desktop service use case. The contracting framework addresses the phenomenon of adverse selection by leveraging the screening technique.
Rapid estimation of electronic degrees of freedom in Monte Carlo calculations for polarizable models of liquid water (2001)

The inclusion of electronic polarization within Monte Carlo calculations of simple models of molecular liquids is hampered, relative to its inclusion within molecular dynamics calculations, by the need to fully determine the variables that specify the electronic configuration every time each molecule is moved, i.e., N times per cycle, rather than once per cycle. Classical statistical mechanical Monte Carlo calculations on two models of liquid water have been performed. For each of the models, electronic degrees of freedom are modeled by polarizable sites; thus it is the components of the induced dipole vector that must be determined at each step. Commonly used approximation methods have been characterized and found to be inadequate. Efficient procedures have been devised to estimate the dipole vector and have been tested on reproducing electronic, thermodynamic, and structural properties of the two polarizable water models. The most promising procedure, considering both computational time saved and accuracy at reproducing pure liquid properties, involves approximating the induced dipoles at each step by an initial perturbative modification of the dipoles from the previous step, followed by an iteration of the induced dipoles on only the moved molecule. With this procedure, the CPU time is dramatically reduced, and the thermodynamic and structural properties are estimated correctly to within a few percent. They are reproduced more rapidly and with greater accuracy than in calculations in which the dipole vector is estimated by a single iterative cycle starting with the dipoles from the previous Monte Carlo step.
Harnessing the Osteogenicity of In Vitro Stem Cell-Derived Mineralized Extracellular Matrix as 3D Biotemplate to Guide Bone Regeneration (2017)

Advanced biomaterials that are capable of guiding robust bone regeneration are highly demanded for translational therapy of bone defects or bone augmentation in clinics. One of the strategic approaches is to produce tissue engineering (TE) constructs that mediate bone regeneration by recapitulating the natural bone formation or healing process. In this study, we aimed at producing devitalized mineralized carriers with augmented bone forming capacity via a modified culture protocol (i.e., culture conditions with high calcium and/or phosphate concentrations) that first promotes cell growth and, subsequently, mineralized extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by human periosteum-derived osteoprogenitor cells (hPDCs) on additive manufactured three-dimensional (3D) porous titanium (Ti)-based scaffolds. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed to characterize the physicochemical properties of the produced devitalized mineralized carriers, as well as their effects as carriers on in vitro cell growth and osteochondrogenic differentiation of hPDCs under a perfusion bioreactor culture set-up. The results showed that the modified culture protocol was useful to produce devitalized mineralized carriers with different amount, distribution, composition, and morphology of mineralized matrix that resembled hydroxyapatite, and exhibited different Ca<sup>2+</sup> release kinetics, distinct human bone morphogenetic protein (hBMP)-2, human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) proteins, and collagen contents. The produced devitalized mineralized carriers supported 3D growth of hPDCs, with minor osteochondrogenic differentiation effects under the perfusion bioreactor culture condition. Subcutaneous implantation of hPDC-seeded devitalized mineralized carriers in athymic nude rats showed nearly five-fold augmentation in the ectopic bone-forming capacity, with no bone induction obtained for unseeded, devitalized mineralized carriers and plain Ti scaffolds. Implantation of devitalized mineralized carriers in critical-sized calvarial defects resulted in encouraging defect bridging as compared with limited defect bridging by plain Ti scaffolds or in empty defects. This defect bridging was not enhanced by implanting hPDC-seeded devitalized mineralized carriers. In conclusion, the investigated modified culture protocol was useful to produce devitalized mineralized carriers with augmented bone-forming capacity, which potentially could aid bone repair or augmentation in clinics.
A flow-based model for internet backbone traffic (2002)

Our goal is to design a traffic model for uncongested IP backbone links that is simple enough to be used in network operation, and that is protocol and application agnostic in order to be as general as possible. The proposed solution is to model the traffic at the flow level by a Poisson shot-noise process. In our model, a flow is a generic notion that must be able to capture the characteristics of any kind of data stream. We analyze the accuracy of the model with real traffic traces collected on the Sprint IP backbone network. Despite its simplicity, our model provides a good approximation of the real traffic observed in the backbone and of its variation. Finally, we discuss three applications of our model to network design and management.
A modular architecture for a 6.4-Gbyte/s, 8-Mbit media chip (2002)

Develops a modular architecture for a DRAM-integrated, multimedia chip, or media chip with a data transfer rate of 6 to 12 Gbyte/s. The DRAM macro enables the design flexibility both for DRAM capacity and the logic-memory interface to meet a wide variety of applications. A 6.4-Gbyte/s. 8-Mbit test chip was fabricated.
Molecular Genetics of the HPRT-Deficiency Syndromes (1984)

A severe form of gout has been linked to the human HPRT gene. Defects in the same gene are also responsible for the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Successful cloning of the gene offers promise for treatment of both the devastating neuromuscular syndrome and the unusual arthritic disease. Gene transfer may soon be possible—but when and into what tissue remain to be established.
Age, Depression, and Attrition in the National Survey of Families and Households (2000)

It might seem that following people over time provides the best indication of how people change with age. Sample attrition can undermine that assumption. This study describes the impact of health, impairment, and depression on attrition in the National Survey of Families and Households. It analyzes the impact of that attrition on estimates of the age-specific changes in depression over a six-year period. In doing so, it illustrates methods for assessing and perhaps correcting the effects of attrition. Results show that the cross-sectional relationship of baseline depression to age differs sharply for those who later drop out compared with those who stay in. Much of the difference, but not all, vanishes with adjustment for health and impairment. The probability of dropping out increases with poor health, impairment, and depression at baseline. The impact of impairment and depression on attrition increases with age. Panel models that ignore the attrition imply that depression decreases in old age. Models that adjust for the hazard of attrition imply that depression rises by an amount that increases with age.