gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Regulation of Granulosa Cell Inhibin Biosynthesis* (1986)

The hormonal regulation of inhibin production by cultured granulosa cells from immature hypophysectomized, estrogen-treated rats was examined using a specific RIA which detects the N-terminal portion of the inhibin alpha-chain. The RIA measured bioactive inhibin of Mr about 32,000 in granulosa cell conditioned media fractionated by fast protein liquid chromatography. In the presence of 10(-7) M androstenedione, FSH stimulated inhibin production in a dose-dependent manner during a 2-day culture. Inclusion of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor decreased the EC50 for FSH from 2.6 to 0.8 ng/ml (n = 3). The stimulatory effect of FSH could be mimicked with forskolin (an adenyl cyclase activator) and with a cAMP analog, (Bu)2cAMP, consistent with FSH action mediated through a cAMP dependent pathway. Intracellular levels of inhibin were unmeasureable, suggesting that inhibin is not stored to any great extent by the granulosa cells. This finding was consistent with in vivo studies which showed that whereas FSH treatment for 2 days doubled serum inhibin levels when compared with basal levels, there was no increase in the concentration of extractable inhibin in ovarian tissue. Granulosa cells which had been exposed to 20 ng/ml FSH for 2 days to induce LH receptors produced inhibin in response to both LH and human CG during the subsequent 2-day culture, with the levels of inhibin equalling the amount inducible by FSH. In contrast, neither PRL nor terbutaline, a beta 2-adrenergic agonist, had any effect on inhibin production even though receptors for these hormones are also induced by FSH. GnRH was found to inhibit the FSH-stimulated production of inhibin (IC50, 10(-7) M), consistent with previous observations that GnRH can act at the ovarian level to inhibit granulosa cell differentiation. This inhibition by GnRH could be reversed by inclusion of a specific GnRH antagonist. On the other hand, another regulatory peptide, vasoactive intestinal peptide, slightly stimulated inhibin production. The effect of several growth factors was also tested. Insulin-like growth factor I raised not only FSH-stimulated inhibin levels, but basal levels as well. Insulin was also effective, but only at 100-fold higher concentration. Epidermal growth factor inhibited FSH-stimulated inhibin production (IC50 = 0.1 ng/ml), whereas fibroblast growth factor had no effect. Thus, granulosa cell inhibin secretion is regulated by FSH and LH but not by PRL, presumably via a cAMP-mediated pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Image Integration to Guide Catheter Ablation in Scar‐Related Ventricular Tachycardia (2016)

Image integration is feasible in large series of patients, provides information on VT substrate, and impacts procedural management, particularly in ARVC/NICM, and in case of epicardial approach.
A faster dynamic programming algorithm for exact rectilinear Steiner minimal trees (2002)

An exact rectilinear Steiner minimal tree algorithm is presented that improves upon the time and space complexity of previous guarantees and is easy to implement. Experimental evidence is presented that demonstrates that the algorithm also works well in practice.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
IL-2 secretion is pertussis toxin sensitive in a T lymphocyte hybridoma. (1989)

Interaction of specific ligands with TCR initiates a cascade of biochemical events which leads to expression of high affinity IL-2R and subsequent IL-2 secretion. Activation of phospholipase C (PL-C) is considered to be a key event in the initiation of this cascade. However, in addition to this PL-C-dependent pathway, PL-C-independent pathways have been hypothesized. Identification of the steps constituting these PL-C-independent pathways has been difficult because activation of PL-C and the subsequent cascade of events mask the effects of such pathways. Specific inhibitors for PL-C, or mutants defective in, the PL-C pathway would facilitate delineation of alternative activation pathways. We have identified a murine pork insulin/IAd-specific T cell hybridoma, B8P3.11, in which perturbation of the B8P3.11 TCR by either Ag in association with Ia, anti-CD3 antibodies, or a mitogenic lectin does not induce increases in myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate production or cytosolic free calcium, yet it does lead to IL-2 secretion. Treatment of B8P3.11 with pertussis toxin, at concentrations which ADP-ribosylate GTP-binding proteins, inhibits IL-2 secretion. Thus, signal transduction resulting in IL-2 secretion by B8P3.11 likely involves a G protein. In contrast, TCR/ligand interaction activates the PL-C-dependent pathway in LBRM 331A5, a T cell lymphoma. Furthermore, pertussis toxin treatment, which blocks IL-2 secretion by B8P3.11, does not alter IL-2 secretion by LBRM 331A5. However, similar pertussis toxin substrates are present in both cells. Therefore, B8P3.11 T cells should help to elucidate PL-C-independent activation pathways.
Fabrication of optical mosaics mimicking human corneal endothelium for the training and assessment of eye bank technicians (2011)

The determination of endothelial cell density (ECD) is a crucial activity in eye banks for the assessment of corneal tissue quality. These cells are responsible for corneal transparency, and ECD correlates with graft survival. ECD is mainly assessed with a manual "naked-eye" procedure under a transmitted light microscope in Europe and using a specular microscope in the United States. Interbank and intrabank variability has been previously demonstrated. In order to facilitate training and continuing education of technicians and reliability assessment of eye banks' ECD determination, we use micro-optics technologies to fabricate test mosaics that exactly reproduce the image of human corneal endothelium. The description of the fabrication process is detailed, and comparisons are made between amplitude and phase mosaics.
Multiplexed charge-selective surface enhanced Raman scattering based on plasmonic calligraphy (2014)

Multiplexed surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates, which enable chemically selective detection of two or more target analytes from a complex chemical mixture, are highly attractive for chemical detection in real-world settings. We introduce a new approach called plasmonic calligraphy that involves the formation of chemically selective test domains on paper substrates using functionalized plasmonic nanostructures as ink in a regular ballpoint pen. We demonstrate selective detection of positively and negatively charged analytes (rhodamine 6G and methyl orange) from complex chemical mixtures using polyelectrolyte-coated gold nanorods as SERS medium. The approach demonstrated here obviates the need for complex patterning techniques such as photolithography to create isolated test domains on paper substrates for multiplexed chemical detection. Plasmonic calligraphy can be easily extended to other shape-controlled nanostructures with different surface functionalities and potentially automated by implementation with a robotic arm.
Online Model-Free n-Step HDP With Stability Analysis (2019)

Because of a powerful temporal-difference (TD) with λ [TD( λ )] learning method, this paper presents a novel n -step adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) architecture that combines TD( λ ) with regular TD learning for solving optimal control problems with reduced iterations. In contrast with a backward view learning of TD( λ ) that is required an extra parameter named eligibility traces to update at the end of each episode (offline training), the new design in this paper has forward view learning, which is updated at each time step (online training) without needing the eligibility trace parameter in various applications without mathematical models. Therefore, the new design is called the online model-free n -step action-dependent (AD) heuristic dynamic programming [NSHDP( λ )]. NSHDP( λ ) has three neural networks: the critic network (CN) with regular one-step TD [TD(0)], the CN with n -step TD learning [or TD( λ )], and the actor network (AN). Because the forward view learning does not require any extra eligibility traces associated with each state, the NSHDP( λ ) architecture has low computational costs and is memory efficient. Furthermore, the stability is proven for NSHDP( λ ) under certain conditions by using Lyapunov analysis to obtain the uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) property. We compare the results with the performance of HDP and traditional action-dependent HDP( λ ) [ADHDP( λ )] with different λ values. Moreover, a complex nonlinear system and 2-D maze problem are two simulation benchmarks in this paper, and the third one is an inverted pendulum simulation benchmark, which is presented in the supplemental material part of this paper. NSHDP( λ ) performance is examined and compared with other ADP methods.
Multistage block-spreading for impulse radio multiple access through ISI channels (2002)

Transmitting digital information using ultra-short pulses, impulse radio (IR) has received increasing interest for multiple access (MA). When IRMA systems have to operate in dense multipath environments, the multiple user interference (MUI) and intersymbol interference (ISI) induced, adversely affect system capacity and performance. Analog IRMA utilizes pulse position modulation (PPM) and random time-hopping codes to mitigate ISI and suppress MUI statistically. We develop an all-digital IRMA scheme that relies on multistage block-spreading (MS-BS), and judiciously designed transceiver pairs to eliminate MUI deterministically, and regardless of ISI multipath effects. Our proposed MS-BS-IRMA system can accommodate a large number of users and is capable of providing different users with variable transmission rates, which is important for multimedia applications. Unlike conventional IRMA systems, MS-BS-IRMA exhibits no degradation in bit-error rate performance, as the number of users increases.
Multi-Band Digital-RF Receiver (2011)

A software radio receiver that can be programmed to operate in multiple wide frequency bands is required for many communication and intelligence applications. We have designed a variety of multi-band receivers, comprising a set of band-specific analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) for direct digitization of RF bands and a digital switch matrix for band selection, in two flavors: as a single superconductor integrated circuit chip and also as a multi-chip module. In addition to the ADCs and the switch, these include a 1:16 deserializer and output drivers to facilitate transport of the digitized RF data to room temperature electronics for further processing and analysis. In the single IC flavor, up to four bandpass delta-sigma ADCs minimizing quantization noise in their respective bands were integrated on the same chip and operated at clock rates up to 20 GHz. In the multi-chip module (MCM) implementation, a 1-cm × 1-cm universal active carrier was designed to accommodate any two 2.5-mm × 2.5-mm flipped chips, each containing a single ADC front-end. This standardized approach facilitates customization of two-band ADCs by selecting from a growing library of ADC front-ends, which currently cover bands ranging from HF (0-30 MHz) to Ka-band (20-21 GHz). These Multi-band MCMs and single chip ADC's were fabricated, assembled and tested.
255-OR: ADA Presidents’ Select Abstract: Glucagon Receptor Antagonism Stimulates Beta-Cell Proliferation in Mouse and Human Islets (2020)

Interrupting glucagon signaling (IGS) elicits robust alpha cell proliferation in an amino acid-dependent manner in mouse and human pancreatic islets. To determine whether IGS triggers beta cell proliferation in mouse and human islets in vivo, we quantified the percentage of Ki67-positive beta cells in adult mouse and human islets after IGS. Wild type (WT) mouse islets transplanted into liver-specific glucagon receptor (GCGR) knockout (LKO) mice exhibited a 4.1-fold increase in beta cell proliferation (WT to LKO: 0.98±0.34%, WT to WT: 0.24±0.19%, P=0.008, n=8). Likewise, treatment of C57BL6 mice with an anti-GCGR monoclonal antibody (GCGR-Ab) elicited a 3.6-fold increase in beta cell proliferation (GCGR-Ab: 1.09±0.21%, control (CTR): 0.30±0.14%, P=0.004, n=10). Given that the cationic amino acid transporter, Slc7a2, is one of the most highly expressed amino acid transporters in pancreatic islets and required for IGS-induced alpha cell proliferation, we assessed GCGR-Ab-induced beta cell proliferation in adult mice with inactivation of Slc7a2. There was a 3.2-fold increase in beta cell proliferation in WT mice treated with GCGR-Ab (GCGR-Ab: 1.45±0.46%, CTR: 0.46±0.15%, P=0.001, n=10). Notably, this effect was absent in Slc7a2 knockout mice (GCGR-Ab: 0.35±0.35%, CTR: 0.41±0.28%, n=10), suggesting that GCGR antagonism induces beta cell proliferation in an amino acid-dependent manner in mice. Furthermore, transplanted human islets from normal donors (ages 10-55, n=8) into immunodeficient mice exhibited a 2.8-fold increase in beta cell proliferation (GCGR-Ab: 0.61±0.60%, CTR: 0.22±0.21%, P=0.05, n=8) following GCGR-Ab treatment. These data indicate that IGS stimulates beta cell proliferation in mouse and human islets and that in mouse islets, this is Slc7a2-dependent. Disclosure K.C. Coate: None. E. Spears: None. C. Dai: None. S. Wisniewski: None. G. Poffenberger: None. L.D. Shultz: None. D.L. Greiner: None. D.J. Drucker: Advisory Panel; Self; Merck Sharp &amp; Dohme Corp. Consultant; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Intarcia Therapeutics. Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. H. Yan: Stock/Shareholder; Self; REMD Biotherapeutics Inc. K. Sloop: None. A.C. Powers: None. D. Dean: None. Funding National Institutes of Health (DK117147)
Rewarding Smatch: Transition-Based AMR Parsing with Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Our work involves enriching the Stack-LSTM transition-based AMR parser (Ballesteros and Al-Onaizan, 2017) by augmenting training with Policy Learning and rewarding the Smatch score of sampled graphs. In addition, we also combined several AMR-to-text alignments with an attention mechanism and we supplemented the parser with pre-processed concept identification, named entities and contextualized embeddings. We achieve a highly competitive performance that is comparable to the best published results. We show an indepth study ablating each of the new components of the parser.
Effect of Carbide on Hydrogen Environment Embrittlement of Inconel 718. (2001)

Tensile properties of Inconel 718 Ni-base superalloy were investigated in high-pressure hydrogen and in argon at room temperature. The effect of Nb-Ti carbide on hydrogen environment embrittlement (HEE) of the superalloy was also examined. The results obtained are as follows:(1) Hydrogen decreased elongation, reduction of area and ultimate tensile strength of the superalloy. HEE increased with decreasing the strain rate. Dimple rupture was mainly observed in argon, but brittle transgranular and intergranular fracture were observed in hydrogen. The crack initiation occurred at carbides both in argon and in hydrogen. Then the crack propagated in the matrix with ductile fracture in argon and with brittle fracture in hydrogen, respectively.(2) The finite element analysis (FEA) was applied to the crack initiation of the superalloy during the monotonic tensile process with the FEA model, which contained one particle at the center surrounded by the matrix. The effect of the shape of the particle on the maximum effective stress in the particle was simulated. The maximum effective stress in the particle increased markedly with increasing the average stress above the proof stress. The increasing order of the maximum effective stress depended on the shape of the particle. It was reasonable that the maximum effective stress in the carbide is high enough to break the carbide itself. It was also expected that the control of the shape of the carbide could improve HEE of the superalloy.
Androgens and oestrogens before and following oral testosterone administration in male patients with and without alcoholic cirrhosis (1987)

Compared with controls (N = 9), alcoholic cirrhotic men (N = 14) showed: significantly (P less than 0.05) higher serum concentrations of sexual hormone binding globulin (SHBG), androstenedione, oestrone, oestradiol, non-protein bound oestradiol, and non-SHBG bound oestradiol; significantly (P less than 0.05) lower concentrations of albumin and non-SHBG bound testosterone; no significant differences regarding concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, non-protein bound testosterone, oestrone sulphate, and SHBG bound oestradiol. Following oral administration of 400 mg of micronized testosterone, serum concentrations of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, androstenedione, and oestrone increased significantly (P less than 0.05) in both groups, cirrhotic patients reaching significantly (P less than 0.01) higher concentrations than controls. Further, in the cirrhotic group, the serum concentrations of oestrone sulphate, oestradiol, non-protein bound oestradiol, and non-SHBG bound oestradiol, and the urinary excretion of oestrogen increased significantly P less than 0.05). In conclusion, peroral testosterone administration decreases the serum oestradiol/testosterone ratio in patients with normal livers as well as in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis, but the latter group obtains significantly higher oestrogen concentrations.
Analysis of extracellular factors secreted by bone marrow stromal cells residing in the infarcted region of the brain after ischemic stroke (2008)

The therapeutic potential of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) has been demonstrated in stroke. However there is limited information about the potential neuroprotective factors that BMSC secrete in the infarcted brain. The objective of this study was to isolate BMSC from infarcted regions of the postischemic brain and to compare the expression of genes for extracellular factors produced by transplanted BMSC that have infiltrated brain tissue to their naïve counterparts. Ischemic stroke was induced in C57BL/6 mice by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 1 h, followed by 24 h reperfusion. BMSC were isolated from H‐2Kb‐tsA58 mice (cells can grow at 33°C). BMSC were administered i.v. at 24 h of reperfusion. Mice were sacrificed 1 week after administration of BMSC. Infarcted hemispheres were removed and cultured at 33°C for BMSC isolation. Affymetrix microarray analysis was performed to compare the gene expression patterns between the BMSC populations in 6 mice. Pair‐wise analysis detected 93 extracellular factor genes that were upregulated (≥2 fold) between naïve and infiltrated BMSC. Fibroblast growth factors, bone morphogenetic proteins, neurotrophic factors, and catalase were among the most highly expressed genes detected. Extracellular factors secreted by protective BMSC following infiltration into postischemic brain may represent novel therapeutic approach for treatment of ischemic stroke.
The SH2-SH2-SH3 domain of phospholipase C-gamma1 directly binds to translational elongation factor-1alpha. (1999)

Phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-gamma1) is a lipase that hydrolyzes PIP2 to generate two second messengers, IP3 and DAG. By using the yeast two-hybrid system, we identified the translational elongation factor-1alpha (EF-1alpha) as a binding protein of PLC-gamma1 from the human B-lymphocyte library. Direct interaction between EF-1alpha and PLC-gamma1 was confirmed by the in vitro binding experiment using purified PLC-gamma1. Furthermore, from the in vitro binding experiment, we could demonstrate that the carboxyl terminal region of EF-1alpha is involved in the interaction with PLC-gamma1, and that both SH2 and SH3 domains of PLC-gamma1 are required for the interaction with EF-1alpha. In vivo interaction between EF-1alpha and PLC-gamma1 was confirmed by the immunoprecipitation experiment using anti-EF-1alpha antibody. The interaction between EF-1alpha and PLC-gamma1 was enhanced by EGF-treatment. Taken together, we suggest that EF-1alpha might play a role in PLC-gamma1-mediated signal transduction.
The Senolytic Drug Fisetin Attenuates Bone Degeneration in the Zmpste24−/− Progeria Mouse Model (2023)

Aging leads to several geriatric conditions including osteoporosis (OP) and associated frailty syndrome. Treatments for these conditions are limited and none target fundamental drivers of pathology, and thus identifying strategies to delay progressive loss of tissue homeostasis and functional reserve will significantly improve quality of life in elderly individuals. A fundamental property of aging is the accumulation of senescent cells. Senescence is a cell state defined by loss of proliferative capacity, resistance to apoptosis, and the release of a proinflammatory and anti-regenerative senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The accumulation of senescent cells and SASP factors is thought to significantly contribute to systemic aging. Senolytics-compounds which selectively target and kill senescent cells-have been characterized to target and inhibit anti-apoptotic pathways that are upregulated during senescence, which can elicit apoptosis in senescent cells and relieve SASP production. Senescent cells have been linked to several age-related pathologies including bone density loss and osteoarthritis in mice. Previous studies in murine models of OP have demonstrated that targeting senescent cells pharmacologically with senolytic drugs can reduce symptomology of the disease. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of senolytic drugs (dasatinib, quercetin, and fisetin) to improve age-associated degeneration in bone using the Zmpste24<sup>-/-</sup> (Z24<sup>-/-</sup>) progeria murine system for Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). We found that the combination of dasatinib plus quercetin could not significantly mitigate trabecular bone loss although fisetin administration could reduce bone density loss in the accelerated aging Z24<sup>-/-</sup> model. Furthermore, the overt bone density loss observed in the Z24<sup>-/-</sup> model reported herein highlights the Z24 model as a translational model to recapitulate alterations in bone density associated with advanced age. Consistent with the "geroscience hypothesis," these data demonstrate the utility of targeting a fundamental driver of systemic aging (senescent cell accumulation) to alleviate a common condition with age, bone deterioration.
Temperature Dependence of Optical Absorption Spectra in In x Ga 1— x N Epitaxial Layers (2002)

Optical properties of InxGa1—xN epitaxial layers with indium compositions of x = 0.02, 0.05, and 0.09 have been studied by means of optical absorption (OA) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The clear peak due to the absorption of InxGa1—xN ternary alloys was observed up to 300 K for the first time. As a result, temperature dependence of Stokes shift was investigated. The Stokes shift was estimated to be 51 meV for the sample with x = 0.05. With increasing temperature up to about 50 K, the Stokes shift slightly increased. With further increasing temperature from 50 to 100 K, the Stokes shift conversely decreased. Above 100 K, the Stokes shift was independent of temperature and indicated almost a constant value up to 300 K. The Stokes shift at 300 K was estimated to be 44 meV. This temperature dependence of Stokes shift was a characteristic common to all of the samples used in the present work.