gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Application Development with OpenStudio: Preprint (2012)

This paper presents several case studies of rapidly implemented, audience-specific applications for whole building energy modeling and standards analysis. By tailoring each application to the audience and the task at hand, the required learning curve for new users was greatly reduced. Each case study used OpenStudio, the U.S. Department of Energy's middleware software development kit (SDK).OpenStudio provides an easy interface to the EnergyPlus whole building simulation engine, while extending its capability and providing higher-level functionality such as software interoperability, standards, analysis, and optimization. Each case study is unique in the technology employed to interface with OpenStudio as well as the methods used for user interaction and data presentation. Fourcase studies are presented.
It's not that important (2009)

Users find it hard to delete unimportant personal information which often results in cluttered workspaces. We present a full design cycle for GrayArea, a novel interface that allows users to demote unimportant files by dragging them to a gray area at the bottom of their file folders. Demotion is an intermediate option between keeping and deleting. It combines the advantages of deletion (unimportant files don't compete for attention) and keeping (files are retrieved in their folder context). We developed the GrayArea working prototype using thorough iterative design. We evaluated it by asking 96 participants to 'clean' two folders with, and without, GrayArea. Using GrayArea reduced folder clutter by 13%. Further, 81% of participants found it easier to demote than delete files, and most indicated they would use GrayArea if provided in their operating systems. The results provide strong evidence for the demotion principle suggested by the user-subjective approach.
Robust moving least-squares fitting with sharp features (2005)

We introduce a robust moving least-squares technique for reconstructing a piecewise smooth surface from a potentially noisy point cloud. We use techniques from robust statistics to guide the creation of the neighborhoods used by the moving least squares (MLS) computation. This leads to a conceptually simple approach that provides a unified framework for not only dealing with noise, but also for enabling the modeling of surfaces with sharp features.Our technique is based on a new robust statistics method for outlier detection: the forward-search paradigm. Using this powerful technique, we locally classify regions of a point-set to multiple outlier-free smooth regions. This classification allows us to project points on a locally smooth region rather than a surface that is smooth everywhere, thus defining a piecewise smooth surface and increasing the numerical stability of the projection operator. Furthermore, by treating the points across the discontinuities as outliers, we are able to define sharp features. One of the nice features of our approach is that it automatically disregards outliers during the surface-fitting phase.
Web Search as a Linguistic Tool (2017)

Many people rely on web search engines to check the spelling or grammatical correctness of input phrases. For example, one might search [recurring or reoccurring] to decide between these similar words. While language-related queries are common, they have low click-through rates, lack a strong intent signal, and are generally challenging to study. Perhaps for these reasons, they have yet to be characterized in the literature. In this paper we report the results of two surveys that investigate how, when, and why people use web search to support low-level, language-related tasks. The first survey was distributed by email, and asked participants to reflect on a recent search task. The second survey was embedded directly in search result pages, and captured information about searchers' intents in-situ. Our analysis confirms that language-related search tasks are indeed common, accounting for at least 2.7% of all queries posed by our respondents. Survey responses also reveal: (1) the range of language-related tasks people perform with search, (2) the contexts in which these tasks arise, and (3), the reasons why people elect to use web search rather than relying on traditional proofing tools (e.g., spelling and grammar checkers).
Effects of Surface-Deacetylated Chitin Nanofibers in an Experimental Model of Hypercholesterolemia (2015)

This study evaluated the effects of oral administration of surface-deacetylated chitin nanofibers (SDACNFs) on hypercholesterolemia using an experimental model. All rats were fed a high cholesterol diet with 1% w/w cholesterol and 0.5% w/w cholic acid for 28 days. Rats were divided equally into four groups: the control group was administered 0.05% acetic acid dissolved in tap water, and the SDACNF, chitosan (CS), and cellulose nanofiber (CLNF) groups were administered 0.1% CNF, CS, or CLNF dissolved in the tap water, respectively, during the experimental period. Changes in body weight, intake of food and water, and organ weight were measured. Serum blood chemistry and histopathological examination of the liver were performed. Administration of SDACNF did not affect body weight change, food and water intake, or organ weights. Administration of SDACNF and CS decreased the diet-induced increase in serum total cholesterol, chylomicron, very-low-density lipoprotein, and phospholipid levels on day 14. Moreover, oral administration of SDACNFs suppressed the increase of alanine transaminase levels on day 29 and suppressed vacuolar degeneration and accumulation of lipid droplets in liver tissue. These data indicate that SDACNF has potential as a functional food for patients with hypercholesterolemia.
Thermal method of gas separation with micro-pores (2014)

A method of gas separation that exploits thermal transpiration across micro-pores is proposed. The structure of the separation element is comprised simply of a porous membrane and one channel along each of the two surfaces of the membrane. A temperature and pressure difference is applied across the membrane. This paper reports the first experiments that show binary mixtures of noble gases can be separated by the proposed method. Up to 15% mole percentage variation is observed using 30×30 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sized mixed cellulose ester porous membrane with 45K temperature difference and 2kPa pressure difference. The experimental results match well with numerical results reported previously. Using numerical simulations, it is also shown for the first time that a concentration variation can be induced using the same structure while providing only a temperature difference.
A Diels−Alder Approach to the Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,5,6-Tetra- and 2,3,4,5,6-Pentasubstituted Piperidines (2005)

[structures: see text] A stereoselective synthesis of 2,3,5,6-tetra- and 2,3,4,5,6-pentasubstituted piperidines was achieved from oxidative cleavage of 2-aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octene Diels-Alder adducts derived from N-protected 2-methyl-1,2-dihydropyridine. A chiral auxiliary mediated asymmetric synthesis of the pentasubstituted piperidine is also demonstrated. This methodology incorporates orthogonal protecting groups, thus providing a piperidine scaffold with easily modified points of diversity.
Effect of Grain Boundary Structure on Weld Decay of Austenitic Stainless Steel(Part 3). Grain Boundary Structure and Carbide Precipitation in a Type 304 Stainless Steel at High Temperatures. (1991)

A type 304 austenitic stainless steel was heat-treated at temperatures of 800-1300 K, and the heat-treated specimens were observed by optical and transmission electron microscopy to examine the effect of crystallographic character of grain boundary on carbide precipitation and corrosion.At sensitizing temperatures, grain boundaries with carbide precipitation or corroded boundaries increased with holding time. Kikuchi line analyses showed that grain boundary carbide precipitation and corrosion sensitively depended on the grain boundary structure. A more ordered boundary needed longer time for carbide precipitation or corrosion than a less ordered boundary. This fact suggests that weld decay in austenitic stainless steel can be prevented by increasing the percentage of ordered boundaries in the material.
MATERIAL SELECTION AND FORCE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE USE OF PRE- CURVED NEEDLES IN DISTAL TIP MANIPULATION MECHANISMS (2010)

Pre-curved needles are used in a variety of medical applications for both passive and active control of instrument position. In one application, the deployment of a pre-curved stylet from a concentric outer cannula can be used to achieve lateral positioning of the distal tip of the stylet. This paper outlines how the material and geometry of the stylet can be chosen to ensure that it will not yield and thus repeatably return to its pre-curved shape when deployed from a cannula. Using this methodlogy we calculate the maximum strain for a range of stylet geometries and show that nitinol is required for the stylet material in order for then to not plastically deform. Then, sixteen stylets of varying diameter (0.508, 0.635, 0.838 and 0.990 mm) and radius of curvature (10, 20, 30 and 40 mm) were manufactured. Experiments were performed with four different diameter cannulas (20, 18, 16 and 14 gauge) to measure the forces required to deploy the stylets from and retract them back inside the cannulas. Retraction forces were measured between 0.3 and 13.9N, and deployment forces were measured between 0.2 and 7.0N. For a given cannula it was found that force increases as stylet diameter increases and bend radius decreases.
Metabolic Syndrome Components Are Associated With Symptomatic Polyneuropathy Independent of Glycemic Status (2016)

Independent of glycemic status, symptomatic DSP is more common in those with additional metabolic syndrome components. However, the issue of which metabolic syndrome components drive this association, in addition to hyperglycemia, remains unclear. Larger waist circumference and low HDL may be associated with DSP, but larger studies with more precise metabolic measures are needed.
Meta-connectomics: human brain network and connectivity meta-analyses (2016)

Abnormal brain connectivity or network dysfunction has been suggested as a paradigm to understand several psychiatric disorders. We here review the use of novel meta-analytic approaches in neuroscience that go beyond a summary description of existing results by applying network analysis methods to previously published studies and/or publicly accessible databases. We define this strategy of combining connectivity with other brain characteristics as 'meta-connectomics'. For example, we show how network analysis of task-based neuroimaging studies has been used to infer functional co-activation from primary data on regional activations. This approach has been able to relate cognition to functional network topology, demonstrating that the brain is composed of cognitively specialized functional subnetworks or modules, linked by a rich club of cognitively generalized regions that mediate many inter-modular connections. Another major application of meta-connectomics has been efforts to link meta-analytic maps of disorder-related abnormalities or MRI 'lesions' to the complex topology of the normative connectome. This work has highlighted the general importance of network hubs as hotspots for concentration of cortical grey-matter deficits in schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease and other disorders. Finally, we show how by incorporating cellular and transcriptional data on individual nodes with network models of the connectome, studies have begun to elucidate the microscopic mechanisms underpinning the macroscopic organization of whole-brain networks. We argue that meta-connectomics is an exciting field, providing robust and integrative insights into brain organization that will likely play an important future role in consolidating network models of psychiatric disorders.
Hot-carrier thermalization induced self-phase modulation in semiconductor traveling wave amplifiers (1991)

Pulsewidth dependent self-phase modulation due to ultrafast (∼1 ps) hot-carrier thermalization is observed for the first time in semiconductor traveling wave amplifiers. The information obtained from this study may play an important role in applications where simultaneous temporal and spectral characteristics of optical pulses is required.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Arene‐Olefin Cycloadditions. Part 12. Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Subergorgic Acid (I). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Rubber plunger surface texturing for friction reduction in medical syringes (2018)

Friction is a genuine issue in the use of many medical devices involving rubbery materials such as plungers in medical syringes. This paper presents a new direction for the reduction of friction in medical syringes based on surface texturing of the rubber plunger. The specimens were prepared by casting poly(vinylsiloxane) (PVS) rubber into a pre-fabricated negative template obtained by 3D printing. Friction tests were performed on a home-made test-rig. It was clearly shown that friction resistance can be considerably manipulated when using textured plungers.
Cryptographically Enforced Control Flow Integrity (2014)

Recent Pwn2Own competitions have demonstrated the continued effectiveness of control hijacking attacks despite deployed countermeasures including stack canaries and ASLR. A powerful defense called Control flow Integrity (CFI) offers a principled approach to preventing such attacks. However, prior CFI implementations use static analysis and must limit protection to remain practical. These limitations have enabled attacks against all known CFI systems, as demonstrated in recent work. This paper presents a cryptographic approach to control flow integrity (CCFI) that is both fine-grain and practical: using message authentication codes (MAC) to protect control flow elements such as return addresses, function pointers, and vtable pointers. MACs on these elements prevent even powerful attackers with random read/write access to memory from tampering with program control flow. We implemented CCFI in Clang/LLVM, taking advantage of recently available cryptographic CPU instructions. We evaluate our system on several large software packages (including nginx, Apache and memcache) as well as all their dependencies. The cost of protection ranges from a 3-18% decrease in request rate.
Proximity Effect Correction for Fresnel Holograms on Nanophotonic Phased Arrays (2021)

Holographic displays and computer-generated holography offer a unique opportunity in improving optical resolutions and depth characteristics of near-eye displays. The thermally-modulated Nanopho-tonic Phased Array (NPA), a new type of holographic display, affords several advantages, including integrated light source and higher refresh rates, over other holographic display technologies. However, the thermal phase modulation of the NPA makes it susceptible to the thermal proximity effect where heating one pixel affects the temperature of nearby pixels. Proximity effect correction (PEC) methods have been proposed for 2D Fourier holograms in the far field but not for Fresnel holograms at user-specified depths. Here we extend an existing PEC method for the NPA to Fresnel holograms with phase-only hologram optimization and validate it through computational simulations. Our method is not only effective in correcting the proximity effect for the Fresnel holograms of 2D images at desired depths but can also leverage the fast refresh rate of the NPA to display 3D scenes with time-division multiplexing.
Surgical management of melanoma brain metastases in patients treated with immunotherapy (2011)

Resection of melanoma brain metastases in patients treated with immunotherapy provides excellent local control with low morbidity. An objective response to systemic immunotherapy is associated with a prolonged survival in patients who have undergone resection of melanoma brain metastases. Moreover, adjuvant WBRT in melanoma immunotherapy patients with limited metastatic disease to the brain does not appear to provide a significant survival benefit.
Challenging Nature‘S Monopoly on The Creation of Well-Defined Nanoparticles (2010)

Nature has selected and fine-tuned the physical and chemical properties of natural objects, such as size, shape, mechanical properties and surface chemistry, at the molecular level in order to modulate biological functions. A new particle fabrication process, particle replication in nonwetting templates (PRINT), has recently begun to attempt to emulate nature's ability to control those physical and chemical traits. The PRINT technology, which combines modern soft lithography with the unique properties of perfluoropolyether molds, enables the production of nanoparticles with unprecedented control of size, shape, chemical composition, deformability and surface functionality. This scalable 'top-down' fabrication process allows for the generation of well-defined nanostructures without the need for molecular assembly. The ability to flexibly engineer various matrix materials offers unique opportunities for the development of nanomedicines with desired functionality. The strength and versatility of PRINT makes it a powerful platform in nanomedicine for elucidating the role of physical and chemical properties of nanodelivery vehicles on the behavior and fate at the cellular, tissue and whole organism level. Utilizing the PRINT technology, we are generating well-defined nanomedicines with tailored properties for preclinical studies against a variety of human diseases.
Characterization of mutants of herpes simplex viruses, types 1 and 2, that produce fragments of the thymidine kinase polypeptide (1983)

Seven tk- mutants of herpes simplex virus, type 2 (HSV-2), and three tk- mutants of herpes simplex virus, type 1 (HSV-1), were isolated which did not produce the thymidine kinase (TK) polypeptides but formed smaller polypeptides not seen in wild-type infected cells. Positive TK mRNA selection by hybridization to the cloned tk genes followed by in vitro translation identified the TK polypeptides. Comparisons of the products of partial proteolysis of the polypeptides of four HSV-2 and two HSV-1 tk- mutants to those of the parental TK polypeptides indicated that, in each case, the novel polypeptide was a fragment of the TK polypeptide, showing that these mutants have defects in the structural gene for tk. HSV-2 mutants of this sort have not been previously described. They and the HSV-1 mutants are similar to HSV-1 mutants reported previously. In addition, it was found that TK mRNA was present early in infection but was absent late in infection, suggesting that the shutoff of TK synthesis is due to message degradation. Also, HSV-2 TK mRNA did not hybridize to the cloned HSV-1 tk gene indicating that these genes have extensively diverged.
Characterizing the mechanisms of improvement for position discrimination in adult amblyopia (2004)

Adult amblyopes can improve positional acuity through practice; however, the neural mechanisms underlying this improvement are still not clear. In this study, seven adult amblyopes repeatedly practiced a position discrimination task in the presence of positional noise. We found that six of the seven showed systematic and significant improvements in position acuity that were both eye and orientation specific. Using a position-averaging model, we were able to parse the improvement in performance with practice into two factors: improvement in sampling efficiency and reduction of equivalent input noise. Three of the seven showed improved efficiency with no change in equivalent noise, two showed a significant reduction in equivalent noise with no change in efficiency, and one showed both improved efficiency and reduced equivalent noise. Interestingly, all observers showed substantial improvement in visual acuity, and one observer showed substantial improvement in stereoacuity. Three observers were also tested on a counting task, and all three improved after practicing positional discrimination. Our results reveal the mechanisms underlying perceptual learning in amblyopic vision, and may provide a basis for developing more effective and efficient strategies for the treatment of amblyopia.
Compact Normalized Description of Vehicle Traction Power for Simple Fuel Consumption Modeling (2023)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This is an extension of simple fuel consumption modeling toward HEV. Previous work showed that in urban driving the overhead of running an ICEV engine can use as much fuel as the traction work. The bidirectional character and high efficiency of electric motors enables HEVs to run as a BEV at negative and low traction powers, with no net input from the small battery. The ICE provides the net work at higher traction powers where it is most efficient. Whereas the network reduction is the total negative work times the system round-trip efficiency, the reduction in engine running time requires knowledge of the distribution of traction power levels. The traction power histogram, and the work histogram derived from it, provide the required drive cycle description. The traction power is normalized by vehicle mass, so that the drive trace component becomes invariant, and the road load component nearly invariant to vehicle mass. The resulting normalized time and work distributions form a generic compact description of a drive cycle. The round-trip efficiency of the electric powertrain then determines the large reductions in engine running time and work in urban driving. Good agreement is found with EPA data for the Toyota Camry ICEV and HEV. Additionally, as the power/weight is a largely a low order function of vehicle speed only, it provides a useful way to graphically synthesize performance requirements and vehicle capability in the same plot. The different tools are demonstrated in the analysis of a new regulatory drive test.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Vacuum testing of high efficiency multi-base tube AMTEC cells (1997)

The Phillips Laboratory Power Systems Branch (PL/VTVP) is performing vacuum testing of high performance alkali metal thermoelectric conversion (AMTEC) cells. These AMTEC cells are being built by Advanced Modular Power Systems, Inc. (AMPS) with design input from Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC), Nichols Research Corporation (NRC), Institute for Space and Nuclear Power Studies (ISNPS), and PL/VTVP. Tests are performed in a prototypical environment to demonstrate feasibility and identify bottlenecks to performance and endurance as well as to provide design feedback. Test results for two major design iterations of the PX series cells are discussed. The data shows that continued improvements made to the cell design have continually increased electric power output and conversion efficiency. To date, the best performance from a PX-series cell tested at PL/VTVP was an electric power output of 4.3 watts and a conversion efficiency of /spl sim/14%. These data imply that design goals of 6 watts and 22% efficiency per cell will be surpassed.
Sensorless Adaptive Optics (2020)

This tutorial describes the principles and practical implementation of sensorless adaptive optics.