gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormone control and expression of androgen receptor coregulator MAGE-11 in human endometrium during the window of receptivity to embryo implantation (2007)

The androgen receptor (AR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor of the male and female reproductive tracts whose activity is modulated by coregulator binding. We recently identified melanoma antigen gene protein-11 (MAGE-11) of the MAGEA gene family that functions as an AR coregulator by binding the AR N-terminal FXXLF motif. Here we report that MAGE-11 is expressed in a temporal fashion in endometrium of normally cycling women. Highest levels of MAGE-11 mRNA and protein occur in the mid-secretory stage, coincident with the window of uterine receptivity to embryo implantation. Studies in human endometrial cell lines together with the hormone profile of the menstrual cycle and pattern of estrogen receptor-alpha expression in cycling endometrium suggest the rise in MAGE-11 mRNA results from down-regulation by estradiol during the proliferative phase and up-regulation by cyclic AMP signaling in the early and mid-secretory stage. In agreement with its coregulatory function, MAGE-11 localizes with AR in glandular epithelial cell nuclei in the mid-secretory stage. The increase in AR protein in the mid-secretory endometrium without an increase in AR mRNA suggests MAGE-11 stabilizes AR in glandular epithelial cell nuclei. This was supported by expression studies at low androgen levels indicating AR stabilization by MAGE-11 dependent on the AR N-terminal transactivation domain. The results suggest that MAGE-11 functions as a coregulator that increases AR transcriptional activity during the establishment of uterine receptivity in the human female.
Nonlinear Electrical Spin Conversion in a Biased Ferromagnetic Tunnel Contact (2018)

The conversion of spin information into electrical signals is indispensable for spintronic technologies. Spin-to-charge conversion in ferromagnetic tunnel contacts is well-described using linear (spin-)transport equations, provided that there is no applied bias, as in nonlocal spin detection. It is shown here that in a biased ferromagnetic tunnel contact, spin detection is strongly nonlinear. As a result, the spin-detection efficiency is not equal to the tunnel spin polarization. In silicon-based 4-terminal spin-transport devices, even a small bias (tens of mV) across the Fe/MgO detector contact enhances the spin-detection efficiency to values up to 140 \% (spin extraction bias) or, for spin injection bias, reduces it to almost zero, while, parenthetically, the charge current remains highly spin polarized. Calculations reveal that the nonlinearity originates from the energy dispersion of the tunnel transmission and the resulting nonuniform energy distribution of the tunnel current, offering a route to engineer spin conversion. Taking nonlinear spin detection into account is also shown to explain a multitude of peculiar and puzzling spin signals in structures with a biased detector, including two- and three-terminal devices, and provides a unified, consistent and quantitative description of spin signals in devices with a biased and unbiased detector.
Gamma Scintigraphy of a123I-Labelled N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)Methacrylamide Copolymer-Doxorubicin Conjugate Containing Galactosamine Following Intravenous Administration to Nude Mice Bearing Hepatic Human Colon Carcinoma (1996)

Polymer drug conjugates composed of N-(2-Hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer covalently bound doxorubicin, and containing additionally galactosamine to facilitate hepatocyte-specific targeting (HPMA copolymer-dox-gal), were synthesised to contain a small amount (approximately 1 mol%) of the monomer methacryloyltyrosinamide to permit radioiodination with [123I]iodide. After intravenous administration to both normal mice and nude mice bearing hepatic human colon carcinoma, the biodistribution of the conjugate was monitored using the gamma camera, and also by dissection analysis. Efficient liver accumulation of HPMA copolymer-dox-gal was seen in the gamma camera images within 20 min, both in normal and tumour-bearing animals. Quantitatively liver uptake was approximately 40% dose administered/g liver. Images of the tumour-bearing animals showed clearly a much lower accumulation of HPMA copolymer-dox-gal in the colon carcinoma deposits within the liver (3-9% dose/g tumour), and this lack of uptake was verified by ex vivo imaging of the tumour-containing liver and also by dissection analysis. It can be concluded that 123I-labelled HPMA copolymer conjugates offer great potential as effective imaging agents and can be used for future non-invasive clinical studies. This nuclear imaging method will enable optimisation of the dosing schedule by identification of doses of HPMA copolymer-dox-gal that display receptor saturation (and hence diminished targeting efficiency). In addition this conjugate can provide negative images of liver-associated tumour deposits that do not express the asialoglycoprotein receptor.
The interplay of glycosylation and disulfide formation influences fibrillization in a prion protein fragment (2003)

It is now accepted that the structural transition from cellular prion protein (PrPC) to proteinase K-resistant prion protein scrapie (PrPSc) is the major event leading to transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Although the mechanism of this transition remains elusive, glycosylation has been proposed to impede the PrPC to PrPSc conversion. To address the role of glycosylation, we have prepared glycosylated and unglycosylated peptides derived from the 175-195 fragment of the human prion protein. Comparison of the structure, aggregation kinetics, fibril formation capabilities, and redox susceptibility of Cys-179 has shown that the N-linked glycan (at Asn-181) significantly reduces the rate of fibrillization by promoting intermolecular disulfide formation via Cys-179. Further-more, the aggressive fibrillization of a C179S mutant of this fragment highlights the significant role of disulfide stability in retarding the rate of fibril formation. The implications of these studies are discussed in the context of fibril formation in the intact prion protein.
Dynamics of African swine fever virus shedding and excretion in domestic pigs infected by intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission (2014)

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly virulent swine pathogen that has spread across Eastern Europe since 2007 and for which there is no effective vaccine or treatment available. The dynamics of shedding and excretion is not well known for this currently circulating ASFV strain. Therefore, susceptible pigs were exposed to pigs intramuscularly infected with the Georgia 2007/1 ASFV strain to measure those dynamics through within- and between-pen transmission scenarios. Blood, oral, nasal and rectal fluid samples were tested for the presence of ASFV by virus titration (VT) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Serum was tested for the presence of ASFV-specific antibodies. Both intramuscular inoculation and contact transmission resulted in development of acute disease in all pigs although the experiments indicated that the pathogenesis of the disease might be different, depending on the route of infection. Infectious ASFV was first isolated in blood among the inoculated pigs by day 3, and then chronologically among the direct and indirect contact pigs, by day 10 and 13, respectively. Close to the onset of clinical signs, higher ASFV titres were found in blood compared with nasal and rectal fluid samples among all pigs. No infectious ASFV was isolated in oral fluid samples although ASFV genome copies were detected. Only one animal developed antibodies starting after 12 days post-inoculation. The results provide quantitative data on shedding and excretion of the Georgia 2007/1 ASFV strain among domestic pigs and suggest a limited potential of this isolate to cause persistent infection.
Effects of Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin on Growth Hormone Secretion in Hypophysial Stalk-Transected Beef Calves (1988)

The effects of growth hormone-releasing factor (GHRF) on growth hormone (GH) secretion were studied in beef calves after hypophysial stalk transection (HST). Peripheral GH concentration during surgery was elevated for 60 min after the initiation of anesthesia to 15 ng/ml, which was greater than plasma levels after HST and during the recovery period (0-30 hr mean, 3 ng/ml; P less than 0.05). Episodic GH secretion normally seen in sham-operated controls (SOC) was abolished after HST. Before HST, calves responded to 80% of the GHRF challenges, whereas after HST calves responded to every challenge of GHRF with an increase in plasma GH. A dose of 0.067 microgram human pancreatic (hp) hpGHRF(1-40)OH/kg body wt 3 days after HST increased plasma GH to 55 ng/ml from a control period mean of 5 ng/ml (P less than 0.04). On Day 8, HST calves received two injections of 0.067 microgram hpGHRF/kg body wt at 3-hr intervals, with feeding 70 min after the first injection. During two preinjection control periods, basal GH averaged less than 4 ng/ml and increased to 17 (P less than 0.02) and 9 (P less than 0.04) ng/ml immediately after the first and second injection of hpGHRF, but the response declined over the 8-day period after surgery. On Days 19 and 20, the HST calves were infused iv with 0.033 and 0.067 microgram somatostatin(SS)-14 (SRIH)/kg body wt, during which a pulse injection of 0.067 microgram hpGHRF/kg body wt was administered. GH increased to 9 and 5 ng/ml during the 0.033- and 0.067-microgram SRIH infusions after GHRF; no somatotropic rebound was observed after the SRIH was discontinued as was seen in the animals while the hypothalamic-hypophysial connections were intact. Five and six months after HST the responses to two analogs of rat hypothalamic GHRF were similar to those in SOC calves. These results indicate that HST calves responded to exogenous GHRF with an abrupt increase in plasma GH, but GH response to GHRF during SRIH infusion was greatly inhibited.
Frailty, Inflammatory Markers, and Waitlist Mortality Among Patients With End-stage Renal Disease in a Prospective Cohort Study (2018)

Frailty and markers of inflammation were associated with increased waitlist mortality risk, but only markers of inflammation significantly improved ESRD risk prediction. These findings help clarify the accelerated aging physiology of ESRD and highlight easy-to-measure markers of increased waitlist mortality risk.
Boloamphiphile (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Terahertz differentiator using a piezoelectric micromachined device (2020)

We propose a method to modulate THz radiations using a piezoelectric micromachined device. We experimentally demonstrate that the modulated THz pulse after reflection on the device is proportional to the first-order derivative of the THz signal.
Clinical potential of proteomics in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer (2002)

The need for specific and sensitive markers of ovarian cancer is critical. Finding a sensitive and specific test for its detection has an important public health impact. Currently, there are no effective screening options available for patients with ovarian cancer. CA-125, the most widely used biomarker for ovarian cancer, does not have a high positive predictive value and it is only effective when used in combination with other diagnostic tests. However, pathologic changes taking place within the ovary may be reflected in biomarker patterns in the serum. Combination of mass spectra generated by new proteomic technologies, such as surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (SELDI-TOF) and artificial-intelligence-based informatic algorithms, have been used to discover a small set of key protein values and discriminate normal from ovarian cancer patients. Serum proteomic pattern analysis might be applied ultimately in medical screening clinics, as a supplement to the diagnostic work-up and evaluation.
Broadband optical limiter using carbon-black suspensions in CS/sub 2/ (2003)

Summary form only given. We have recently shown that the dynamic range of an f/5 optical limiter can be extended by orders of magnitude by using the cascaded-focus geometry. We have tried both reverse saturable absorber (RSA) and carbon black suspension (CBS) materials at a wavelength of 532 nm and found that both can be made to clamp the transmitted energy below eye damage levels for inputs of up to 60 mJ with linear transmittances of 58% and 28%, respectively, and no damage had occurred to the limiter. To determine the wavelength dependence of the CBS, we tested it in the cascaded optical limiter at several wavelengths across the visible. It is obvious that this combination of materials and optical geometry, indeed limits the transmittance near 1 /spl mu/J, for nanosecond pulses of any wavelength, at least within the visible.
EYE INJURY INCIDENCE AND MECHANISMS IN FRONTAL AUTOMOBILE CRASHES (2003)

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of eye injuries resulting from frontal automobile crashes and discuss the relevant injury mechanisms. In order to determine eye injury incidence, cases in NASS were selected from the years 1993-9 that include drivers and front seat occupants only, while excluding ejected occupants and rollovers. In addition, only frontal impacts were considered, which are defined as having a primary direction of force of 11, 12, or 1 o'clock. The analysis included 10,770,828 front seat occupants from 22,236 cases for 1993-9. An analysis of the cases indicates that 3.1% of occupants exposed to an airbag deployment sustained an eye injury, compared to 2.0% of those occupants not exposed to an airbag deployment. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the risk of corneal abrasion for occupants exposed to an airbag deployment (p=0.03). Although the risk of eye injuries increases with airbag exposure, this study illustrates that airbags reduce the incidence of orbital fractures. To analyze this, a new four-level eye injury severity scale was developed that quantifies injuries based on recovery time, need for surgery, and possible loss of sight. A new finite element model of the eye was created using the LS-Dyna dynamic solver and was utilized to examine eye injury mechanisms. The model has the cornea and sclera defined as Lagrangian membrane elements and the liquid aquous humor and vitereous defined and Eulerian fluids. The model was validated using a range of impacting objects at velocities ranging from 12 m/s to 55 m/s. This model is the first model capable of correctly simulating the large deformation mechanics of blunt ocular trauma. Using the model, it was observed that highly localized strains in the cornea and ciliary body were most closely related to the severe injuries identified in the case studies. For the covering abstract see ITRD E825082.
Adaptive optics optical coherence tomography for measuring phase and reflectance dynamics of photoreceptors (2012)

Optical coherence tomography with adaptive optics (AO-OCT) is a noninvasive method for imaging the living retina at the microscopic level. We used AO-OCT technology to follow changes in cone photoreceptor outer segment (OS) length and reflectance. To substantially increase sensitivity of the length measurements, a novel phase retrieval technique was demonstrated, capable of detecting changes on a nanometer scale. We acquired volume videos of 0.65°x0.65° retinal patches at 1.5° temporal to the fovea over 75 and 105 minutes in two subjects. Volumes were dewarped and registered, after which the cone intensity, OS length, and referenced phase difference were tracked over time. The reflections from inner segment/OS junction (IS/OS) and posterior tips of OS (PT) showed significant intensity variations over time. In contrast, the OS length as measured from the intensity images did not change, indicative of a highly stable OS length at least down to the level of the system's axial resolution (3&mu;m). Smaller axial changes, however, were detected with our phase retrieval technique. Specifically, the PT-IS/OS phase difference for the same cones showed significant variation, suggesting real sub-wavelength changes in OS length of 125±46 nm/hr for the 22 cones followed. We believe these length changes are due to the normal renewal process of the cone OS that elongate the OS at a rate of about 100 nm/hr. The phase difference measurements were strongly correlated among Alines within the same cone (0.65 radians standard deviation) corresponding to a length sensitivity of 31 nm, or ~100 times smaller than the axial resolution of our system.
Predicting a Drug’s Membrane Permeability: A Computational Model Validated With in Vitro Permeability Assay Data (2017)

Membrane permeability is a key property to consider during the drug design process, and particularly vital when dealing with small molecules that have intracellular targets as their efficacy highly depends on their ability to cross the membrane. In this work, we describe the use of umbrella sampling molecular dynamics (MD) computational modeling to comprehensively assess the passive permeability profile of a range of compounds through a lipid bilayer. The model was initially calibrated through in vitro validation studies employing a parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA). The model was subsequently evaluated for its quantitative prediction of permeability profiles for a series of custom synthesized and closely related compounds. The results exhibited substantially improved agreement with the PAMPA data, relative to alternative existing methods. Our work introduces a computational model that underwent progressive molding and fine-tuning as a result of its synergistic collaboration with numerous in vitro PAMPA permeability assays. The presented computational model introduces itself as a useful, predictive tool for permeability prediction.
Alternating Diene Metathesis Polycondensation (ALTMET) – Opitimizing Catalyst Loading (2012)

Abstract Summary: Olefin metathesis polymerization is a flexible and easy way to prepare highly functionalized macromolecules with high precision. Within this context, the efficiency of a series of ruthenium based catalysts in the polycondensation of dienes with diacrylates yielding alternating copolymers is studied. Previous works with Grubbs 2 nd generation catalyst are compared with Hoveyda 2 nd generation catalyst that was found to be much more efficient in these reactions giving reasonable conversions and thus high molecular weights at low catalyst loading. Additionally the performance of several other Hoveyda type catalysts has been studied.
Growth Hormone Research Society perspective on the development of long-acting growth hormone preparations (2016)

LAGH compounds may represent an advance over daily GH injections because of increased convenience and differing phamacodynamic properties, providing the potential for improved adherence and outcomes. Better methods to assess adherence must be developed and validated. Long-term surveillance registries that include assessment of efficacy, cost-benefit, disease burden, quality of life, and safety are essential for understanding the impact of sustained exposure to LAGH preparations.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations of the interaction of cells with pathogenic asbestoses (1996)

Recently we have expanded our chemical characterization of complex silicates (e.g., amphiboles and sheet silicates) to include their interactions with select biocells. In this regard we are beginning to simulate features related to certain infamous, and still not completely understood, deleterious environmental maladies, such as silicosis and asbestosis. It has been recognized that the surfaces of the silicates and interfaces with the cells may play particularly active roles in these processes, thus leading to the need for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) investigations of the surface chemistry. The present research describes examinations of the interactive chemistry of rat tumor cells grown on various asbestoses, before, during, and after interaction, followed by both cell/silicate separation and unique freeze drying. The former permits separate analysis of the two systems, while the latter documents features induced during the separation process. Aspects detected by XPS include some of the features of the cells, plus the cell induced alterations in the Si, Mg, and Fe chemistry of the silicates and also changes in the relative amount and chemistry of the cellular iron. The latter studies were confirmed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Supporting results have also been achieved with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The various XPS shift patterns are shown to be consistent with differences between the different silicates, e.g., amphiboles such as cummingtonite, both before and after reaction with similar rat cells. These unique investigations may eventually lead to suggestions for general mechanisms for these environmentally induced diseases.
Proteomic Analysis of Embryonic and Young Human Vitreous (2015)

Proteins previously unreported in the human vitreous were identified. The human vitreous proteome undergoes significant changes during embryogenesis and young adulthood. A number of protein levels change considerably during the second trimester, with the majority decreasing.
Mothers and not genes determine inherited differences in cadmium sensitivities within unexposed populations of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum (2015)

Deciphering evolutionary processes occurring within contaminated populations is important for the ecological risk assessment of toxic chemicals. Whereas increased tolerance to contaminants is well documented in aquatic animal populations, whether such phenotypic changes occur through genetic adaptation is still debated. In that sense, several studies with the freshwater crustacean Gammarus concluded in a weak potential for genetic adaptation to cadmium (Cd), while others reported inheritable increased tolerance in Cd-contaminated populations. Using quantitative genetics and selection experiments, this study sought to further assess the potential of Gammarus populations to genetically adapt to Cd. By combining the control of the reproductive cycle of this species in the laboratory and protocols of individual Cd exposure, we conducted half-sib analyses to establish the genetic and environmental sources of variance in Cd sensitivity of neonates. Prior to experiments, computations allowed optimizing the experimental design in order to increase the power to detect additive genetic variance. The main findings are the existence of strong between-brood variability along with weak heritability of Cd sensitivity within Gammarus populations. This study also revealed a significant maternal effect on individual Cd sensitivity. This sheds new light on the importance of maternal influence in microevolutionary processes occurring in contaminated environments.