gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma-surface interactions and materials research: Progress report on PISCES (1987)

The PISCES Program continues to provide data on the behavior of materials subject to continuous ion bombardment from a steady state plasma related work includes the development of diagnostics and the investigation of plasma behavior in PISCES through which the conditions in PISCES can be related to edge conditions in tokamaks. Within the context of the technical scope of the national fusion program as described in the Technical Planning Activity, PISCES plays an important role in the resolution of issues relating to erosion and redeposition (Level 3 Logic Diagram for Particle and Impurity Control). This report briefly summarizes the status of the current PISCES experiments and near term plans for research by the PISCES Group in the areas of enhanced pumping of neutral gases by graphite, hydrogen recycling from activated graphite surfaces, erosion of graphite, new diagnositics for in-situ monitoring of erosion yield, pump limiter experiments, spectroscopy and diagnostic development. Experimental equipment includes the existing PISCES facility, AES/SIMS surface analysis facility, PISCES-B, which is now under construction, and experimental probes being developed for use in the Continuous Current Tokamak (CCT). 8 figs.
The cytotoxic formulation, INT230-6, induces protective T cell immunity (2017)

Abstract The benefits of anticancer agents extend beyond direct tumor cell lysis. One major aspect of cell death is the potential to release antigen and induce a long lasting immune response. In this study, a novel tissue and cell diffusive cytotoxic formulation, INT230-6, was administered intratumorally over 5 sequential days into subcutaneous 300mm3 murine Colon26 tumors. Treatment resulted in regression from baseline of 100% of the tumors and up to 80% complete response (CR) with protection from re-challenge. We then analyzed the role of T cells in the protection induced by INT230-6. After CD8 or CD8/CD4 double-depletion at treatment onset no animals achieved a CR, indicating a critical role of T-cells in complete tumor regression. Mice with CRs challenged by subcutaneous re-inoculation of the Colon26 cells also lost protection following CD4/CD8 double-depletion prior to the re-challenge. This result indicates that immunological T cell memory was induced by INT230-6. Colon26 tumors express the endogenous retroviral protein gp70 containing the AH-1 CD8 T cell epitope. AH-1-specific CD8 T cells were detected in tumors of mice without treatment. However, these cells highly expressed PD-1, and did not lead to tumor regression. Hence, INT230-6 given locally to treat tumors appears to induce tumor-specific protective T cell immunity that may overcome suppressive signals or exhaustion. INT230-6 is currently in clinical testing as monotherapy and will be tested in combination with anti-PD1 compounds.
Mucosal immunity to HIV: a review of recent literature (2008)

Mucosal surfaces of the body serve as the major portal of entry for HIV. These tissues also house a majority of the body's lymphocytes, including the CD4 T-cells that are the major cellular target for HIV infection. Elucidating mucosal immune responses is critical to our understanding of the host-pathogen relationship for two reasons: first, mucosal barriers are defended by a range of innate and adaptive defenses that might be exploited to develop effective vaccines or microbicides; second, adaptive immune responses in mucosal lymphoid tissues might serve to limit viral replication, decreasing the host's viral burden as well as reducing the likelihood of sexual transmission to a naïve host.
ChemInform Abstract: Strain Tolerant Porous Silicon Nitride. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Video S6 from Unexpected Activities in Regulating Ciliation Contribute to Off-target Effects of Targeted Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Video S6. Time-lapse images of hTERT-RPE1-Arl13b-GFP cells starved in serum-free Opti-MEM for 48 hours, then incubated for 3 hours in 2.5 µM IRAK1/4 inhibitor + 20% FBS.&lt;/p&gt;
Essay-Anchor Attentive Multi-Modal Bilinear Pooling for Textbook Question Answering (2018)

Textbook Question Answering (TQA) [1] is a newly proposed task to answer arbitrary questions in middle school curricula, which has particular challenges to understand the long essays in additional to the images. Bilinear models [2], [3] are effective at learning high-level associations between questions and images, but are inefficient to handle the long essays. In this paper, we propose an Essay-anchor Attentive Multi-modal Bilinear pooling (EAMB), a novel method to encode the long essays into the joint space of the questions and images. The essay-anchors, embedded from the keywords, represent the essay information in a latent space. We propose a novel network architecture to pay special attention on the keywords in the questions, consequently encoding the essay information into the question features, and thus the joint space with the images. We then use the bilinear models to extract the multi-modal interactions to obtain the answers. EAMB successfully utilizes the redundancy of the pre-trained word embedding space to represent the essay-anchors. This avoids the extra learning difficulties from exploiting large network structures. Quantitative and qualitative experiments show the outperforming effects of EAMB on the TQA dataset.
Thermoacoustic Modeling of a Gas Turbine Using Transfer Functions Measured at Full Engine Pressure (2009)

Thermoacoustic transfer functions have been measured of a full-scale gas turbine burner operating at full engine pressure. Excitation of the high-pressure test facility was done using a siren that modulated part of the combustion airflow. Pulsation probes have been used to record the acoustic response of the system to this excitation. In addition, the flame’s luminescence response was measured by multiple photomultiplier tubes and a light spectrometer. Three techniques to obtain the thermoacoustic transfer function are proposed and employed: two combined acoustical-optical technique and a purely acoustic technique. The first acoustical-optical technique uses one single optical signal capturing the chemiluminescence intensity of the flame as a measure for the heat release in the flame. It only works, if heat release fluctuations in the flame have only one contribution, e.g. equivalence ratio or mass flow fluctuations. The second acoustic-optical acoustic-optical technique makes use of the different response of the flame’s luminescence at different optical wavelengths bands to acoustic excitation. It also works, if the heat release fluctuations have two contributions, e.g. equivalence ratio and mass flow fluctuation. For the purely acoustic technique, a new method was developed in order to obtain the flame transfer function, burner transfer function and flame source term from only three pressure transducer signals. The purely acoustic method could be validated by the results obtained from the acoustic-optical techniques. The acoustic and acoustic-optical methods have been compared and a discussion on the benefits and limitations of the methods is given. The measured transfer functions have been implemented into a non-linear, three-dimensional, time domain network model of a gas turbine with an annular combustion chamber. The predicted pulsation behavior shows a good agreement with pulsation measurements on a field gas turbine.
Designing Robotically‐Constructed Metal Frame Structures (2020)

Abstract We present a computational technique that aids with the design of structurally‐sound metal frames, tailored for robotic fabrication using an existing process that integrate automated bar bending, welding, and cutting. Aligning frames with structurally‐favorable orientations, and decomposing models into fabricable units, we make the fabrication process scale‐invariant, and frames globally align in an aesthetically‐pleasing and structurally‐informed manner. Relying on standard analysis of frames, we then co‐optimize the shape and topology of bars at the local unit level. At this level, we minimize combinations of functional and aesthetic objectives under strict fabrication constraints that model the assembly of discrete sets of bent bars. We demonstrate the capabilities of our global‐to‐local approach on four robotically‐constructed examples.
Correlation of the presence and extent of loss of heterozygosity mutations with histological classifications of Barrett’s esophagus (2012)

The results of this study reinforce the association of genomic instability with disease progression in BE. The presence and extent (clonality) of genomic instability, as assessed by mutational load, may assist histology in defining early stages of BE that are potentially at greater risk for disease progression. Assessment of mutational load using our panel of LOH mutational markers may be a useful adjunct to microscopic inspection of biopsy specimens, and thereby, improve patient management.
An indirect negative autoregulatory mechanism involved in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 gene expression (1993)

Recent studies have revealed that hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 (HNF-4) is an essential positive regulator of another liver enriched transcription factor HNF-1, defining a transcriptional hierarchy between the two factors operating in hepatocytes. To assess the possible autoregulation of the HNF-1 gene we have examined the effect of HNF-1 on its own transcription. In transient transfection assays, HNF-1 strongly down-regulated transcription driven by its own promoter in HepG2 cells. In addition HNF-1 also repressed the activity of HNF-4 dependent ApoCIII and ApoAI promoters. The same effect was observed using vHNF-1, a distinct but highly related protein to HNF-1. Both HNF-1 and vHNF-1 downregulated HNF-4 activated transcription from intact and chimeric promoter constructs carrying various HNF-4 binding sites implying that they act by impeding HNF-4 binding or activity. DNA binding and cell free transcription experiments however failed to demonstrate any direct or indirect interaction of HNF-1 and vHNF-1 with the above regulatory regions. Both factors repressed HNF-4 induced transcription of the ApoCIII and HNF-1 genes in HeLa cells, arguing against the requirement of a hepatocyte specific function. These findings define an indirect negative autoregulatory mechanism involved in HNF-1 gene expression, which in turn may affect HNF-4 dependent transcription of other liver specific genes.
Abstract 19711: Thrombotic Complications and Thromboprophylaxis Effectiveness Across all 3 Stages of Univentricular Heart Palliation (2010)

Background: Thrombotic complications (TC) in pediatric cardiac patients are known to be associated with suboptimal outcomes and increased mortality. Risk of TCs for patients with univentricular def...
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF CERIUM(IV) AMMONIUM NITRATE WITH 3‐METHYLCEPHALOSPORINS: SYNTHESIS OF A 2‐METHOXY‐3‐METHYLCEPHALOSPORIN (1985)

Abstract Die Cephalosporine (I) reagieren mit dem Titelreagens CAN in wäßriger Essigsäure zu den Thiazolen (II) (Hauptprodukte); außer (IIa) werden auch die Nebenprodukte (IIIa)‐(IIId) isoliert.
A 13.5mA sub-2.5dB NF multi-band receiver (2012)

An ultra low-power multi-band receiver covering any frequency band in the range 0.7-2.5GHz is fabricated in 40nm CMOS and occupies a total area of 1.5mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The receiver achieves a NF of 2.4dB, with -2dBm IIP3, and a peak SNR of 35dB, while consuming 13.5mA from the battery, more than three times power reduction compared to prior art.
Temporal Evolution of the Geometrical and Transport Properties of a Fracture-Proppant System under Increasing Mechanical Loading (2014)

Abstract A fracture-proppant system is used to mimic the interaction between the rock matrix and proppants during the process of fracture closing attributed to pore pressure reduction during hydrocarbon production. Effects of rock type and bedding plane direction are investigated. High-strength sintered bauxite proppants are placed into simulated hydraulic fractures in sandstone and shale rock. There are two bedding plane directions in shale rock; one is 90°, which is perpendicular to the fracture, while the other is 0°, which is parallel to the fracture. Increasing mechanical loading is imposed to close the fracture. Micron-scale X-ray tomography is used to visualize the internal structure. Cutting-edge imaging processing methods are applied to extract patterns of both the fracture and matrix. A pore-scale lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulator, optimized using graphics processing unit (GPU) parallel computing, is used to simulate the permeability tensor inside the fracture. Significant proppant embedment is observed in the sandstone rock when the effective stress is increased to 4,200 psi. Consequently, fracture porosity is reduced by nearly 70%, and permeability is reduced by two orders of magnitude. Embedded proppants are unable to create microscopic fractures on the matrix surface because of the low bonding strength between grains. In the shale rock with 90° bedding planes, when the effective stress is increased to 3,000 psi, significant microscopic fractures on the matrix surface are created because the lamination structure of the matrix is opened. In the shale rock with 0° bedding planes, noticeable microscopic fractures on the matrix surface are not observed until the effective stress is increased to 6,990 psi. Proppant embedment is insignificant because of the high bonding strength between fine grains. Significant anisotropy in the permeability tensor is observed during all experiments. This study is the first to use cutting-edge imaging and modeling methods to quantitatively study the interaction between proppants and the rock matrix during the stress increase process. It has important applications, which help sustain production with adequate fracture conductivity in deep reservoirs (e.g., the Haynesville shale).
Characterization of fuel oil atomizers at industrial scale (2010)

Nowadays heavy fuel oils represent a significant source of energy available for different applications, either for processes or for power generation. The combustion performance for this type of material considering efficiency, pollutant emissions, etc. is very much influenced by the atomization process and by the oxidant used in combustion. Oxy-combustion can provide advantages with heavy fuels oils such as reducing the vaporization time, as well as reducing the environmental impact, improving the operational economy in terms of reduced fuel consumption or increasing the productivity due to more efficient heat transfer particularly for processes such as glass and steel making. This paper reports the methodology and main aspects considered to evaluate and optimize the design of an air assisted atomizer for industrial scale, from the operational conditions set up and spray characterization measurements reliability, to the impact for the particular application on oxy-combustion. To carry out the study, the available facilities have fundamental impact on the results; therefore particular emphasis is dedicated to work at optimized conditions. A description of the atomization bench, associated diagnostics and furnace is made as well as an analysis of their reliability in such environment. The results show the spray characteristics and dimensionless SMD for various operating conditions and for two atomizer designs. Corresponding flame characteristics are also reported as well as thermal efficiency and NOx emissions. In general, the methodology used allowed to optimize the atomizer design, with a reduction by 3 times of the atomizing air flow rate for the same droplet size. This optimization has resulted in a significant improvement of the furnace thermal efficiency and in an important reduction of NOx emission by 20%, proving the reliability of heavy fuel oil spray characterization at industrial scale.
Magnetoinductive Waves and Complex Modes in Two-Dimensional Periodic Arrays of Split Ring Resonators (2013)

We investigate magnetoinductive waves in two-dimensional periodic arrays of split ring resonators or capacitively loaded loops and characterize the modes with real and complex wavenumber excitable in such arrays. Each resonator is modeled as a single magnetic dipole, and the computation of the modal wavenumbers is performed by searching for the zeroes of the homogeneous scalar equation characterizing the field in the array. We provide original developments for the Ewald method applied to the required dyadic periodic Green's function for the array of magnetic dipoles, including the quasi-static case. The Ewald representation is analytically continued into the complex wavenumber space and also provides series with Gaussian convergence rate. In particular, we analyze and classify proper, improper, forward, backward, bound, and leaky magnetoinductive waves varying frequency and compare the fully retarded solution to the quasi-static one. We highlight the importance of accounting for field retardation effects for the prediction of the physical waves excitable in the array when the dimensions of its unit cell are approximately greater than a tenth of the free-space wavelength. The proposed method complements previous investigations and is a powerful tool for the design of waveguiding or radiating structures based on magnetoinductive waves.
15-Deoxyspergualin, an antiproliferative agent for human and mouse leukemia cells shows inhibitory effects on the synthetic pathway of polyamines. (1991)

The mechanism of the antitumor action of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) was investigated. DSG inhibited spermidine synthase noncompetitively with putrescine, spermine synthase competitively with spermidine and polyamine oxidase in vitro. Induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity observed after subculture of human leukemia cells was blocked by the addition of DSG to the culture medium. In DSG-treated leukemia cells, putrescine, spermidine and spermine levels were markedly depressed. The synthesis of protein was also greatly diminished in these polyamine-depleted leukemic cells, whereas the depressions of DNA and RNA syntheses were minimum. In in vivo experiments, DSG depressed polyamine levels in P388 leukemic ascites cells, and prolonged the survival times of mice bearing the leukemia cells. These results suggest that inhibition of polyamine and protein biosyntheses by DSG is substantially responsible for its antitumor action on the tumor cells.
Hypothesis-driven Adaptation of Business Models based on Product Line Engineering (2020)

The continuous innovation of its business models is an important task for a company to stay competitive. During this process, the company has to validate various hypotheses about its business models by adapting to uncertain and changing customer needs effectively and efficiently. This adaptation, in turn, can be supported by the concept of Software Product Lines (SPLs). SPLs reduce the time to market by deriving products for customers with changing requirements using a common set of features, structured as a feature model. Analogously, we support the process of business model adaptation by applying the engineering process of SPLs to the structure of the Business Model Canvas (BMC). We call this concept a Business Model Decision Line (BMDL). The BMDL matches business domain knowledge in the form of a feature model with customer needs to derive hypotheses about the business model together with experiments for validation. Our approach is effective by providing a comprehensive overview of possible business model adaptations and efficient by reusing experiments for different hypotheses. We implement our approach in a tool and illustrate the usefulness with an example of developing business models for a mobile application.
Introduction (2003)

In an era dominated by molecular biology, genomics and proteomics it is perhaps not surprising that a relatively small number of scientists worldwide have focused their research on an obscure family of glycoconjugates known as the glycosphingolipids. At first glance, these molecules have very little to commend them; they are complex and variable, not abundant in relation to other cellular lipids, are the product of multi–gene pathways making them hard to manipulate, are not trivial to purify or characterize and the technologies to analyse them have traditionally been insensitive and cumbersome. To compound the problem, we do not fully understand the role they play in cells let alone how they contribute to homeostasis in the intact organism. Theories abound but, until recently, hard evidence has been lacking. For decades they have therefore been a minority interest overlooked by the majority of investigators in both the biological and biomedical sciences.
Massive Organ Inflammation in Experimental and in Clinical Meningococcal Septic Shock (2015)

Fulminant meningococcal sepsis is characterized by a massive growth of bacteria in the circulation, regarded as the primary inflammatory site, with no specific solid organ focus. Here we aimed to study the local inflammatory response in organs using a porcine model of fulminant meningococcal septic shock challenged with exponentially increasing doses of heat inactivated Neisseria meningitidis. The results were compared with those obtained in organs post mortem from three patients with lethal meningococcal septic shock. Nine patients with lethal pneumococcal disease and 14 patients with sudden infant death syndrome served as controls. Frozen tissue were thawed, homogenized and prepared for quantification of bacterial DNA by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and key inflammatory mediators were measured by ELISA in the pig material and by multiplex in the human material. In addition, gene expression assayed by Affymetrix gene expression profiling was performed in the pig study. The porcine model revealed a major influx of N. meningitidis in lungs, liver, spleen, and kidneys accompanied with major production of cardinal inflammatory mediators including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, far exceeding the amount detected in blood. Genes encoding for these mediators revealed a similar profile. By comparing the wild-type with a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) deficient meningococcal strain, we documented that LPS was the dominant group of molecules inducing organ inflammation and was required for IL-8 production. IL-10 production was predominantly stimulated by non-LPS molecules. The massive organ inflammation in the porcine model was present in the three patients dying of meningococcal shock and differed markedly from the patients with lethal pneumococcal infections and sudden infant death syndrome. In conclusion, in meningococcal sepsis, a massive local inflammatory response occurs in specific organs.
A Novel Synthesis of Substituted 4H‐Pyrazolo[3,4‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ones. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: PHENYLTHIOCOPPER TRIMETHYLPHOSPHITE COMPLEX. A REAGENT FOR THE PREPARATION OF THIOALLENES (1981)

Abstract Phenylthiokupfer (I) liefert mit Trimethylphosphit (II) den Komplex (III), der mit den Propargylchloriden (IV) zu den isomeren Substitutionsprodukten (V) und (VI) führt.
Supplementary Table 1 from Mutations in the <i>DDR2</i> Kinase Gene Identify a Novel Therapeutic Target in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Mutations in the &lt;i&gt;DDR2&lt;/i&gt; Kinase Gene Identify a Novel Therapeutic Target in Squamous Cell Lung Cancer