gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction: In-Depth Analysis of the Antibody Response of Individuals Exposed to Primary Dengue Virus Infection (2011)

Humans who experience a primary dengue virus (DENV) infection develop antibodies that preferentially neutralize the homologous serotype responsible for infection. Affected individuals also generate cross-reactive antibodies against heterologous DENV serotypes, which are non-neutralizing. Dengue cross-reactive, non-neutralizing antibodies can enhance infection of Fc receptor bearing cells and, potentially, exacerbate disease. The actual binding sites of human antibody on the DENV particle are not well defined. We characterized the specificity and neutralization potency of polyclonal serum antibodies and memory B-cell derived monoclonal antibodies (hMAbs) from 2 individuals exposed to primary DENV infections. Most DENV-specific hMAbs were serotype cross-reactive and weakly neutralizing. Moreover, many hMAbs bound to the viral pre-membrane protein and other sites on the virus that were not preserved when the viral envelope protein was produced as a soluble, recombinant antigen (rE protein). Nonetheless, by modifying the screening procedure to detect rare antibodies that bound to rE, we were able to isolate and map human antibodies that strongly neutralized the homologous serotype of DENV. Our MAbs results indicate that, in these two individuals exposed to primary DENV infections, a small fraction of the total antibody response was responsible for virus neutralization.
Polysome Analysis (2003)

During the cyclic process of translation, a small (40S) and large (60S) ribosomal subunit associate with mRNA to form an 80S complex (monosome). This ribosome moves along the mRNA during translational elongation, and then dissociates into the 40S and 60S subunits on termination. During elongation by one ribosome, further ribosomes can initiate translation on the same mRNA to form polysomes. Each polysomal complex can contain from two to over twenty ribosomes, and the mass of each complex is determined primarily by the number of ribosomes it contains. Hence, the population of polysomes within the cell can be size-fractionated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation on the basis of the loading of ribosomes on the mRNA. Also, mRNA that is being actively translated can be fractionated from untranslated mRNA by separating polysomal and monosomal material by centrifugation through sucrose shelves.
Trends and regional disparities in ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease in Croatia, 1997-2006. (2009)

The aim of this study was to analyze mortality and hospital morbidity from ischemic heart disease (IHD) and cerebrovascular disease (CVD) in the population aged 18+ years in different regions of Croatia, in 1997 to 2006 period. Mortality data were supplied by Central Bureau of Statistics, while hospital morbidity data were obtained from hospital discharge database at Croatian National Institute of Public Health. In Mediterranean region rates of IHD mortality were lower, while rates of hospitalization due to IHD have been higher than those for Croatia in the entire period. Rates of IHD mortality for Continental part have not been different from mean rates for Croatia while rates of hospitalization due to IHD have been lower than rates for Croatia in entire period. Rates of CVD mortality and rates of hospitalization due to CVD for Mediterranean part have been lower than rates for Croatia, while both rates for Continental part have been higher than rates for Croatia during entire period. This analysis identified the regions in which significant deviations from the general trend suggest the need for creation of a new national public health intervention model, focusing on changeable behaviour (lifestyles) risk factors.
A simple GC-MS technique for the analysis of vapor phase mainstream cigarette smoke (2000)

This paper presents a simple gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) technique for the analysis of vapor phase mainstream cigarette smoke. The analysis includes two parts: (A) separation and identification of as many as possible compounds in vapor phase smoke, and (B) quantitative analysis of a selected number of analytes. For achieving these objectives, the cigarettes are smoked using a Borgwaldt RM20/CS smoking machine using Federal Trade Commission (FTC), International Organization for Standardization (ISO), or other recommended conditions. The vapor phase smoke is separated from particulate phase smoke with a standard Cambridge pad. The vapor phase is collected in a gas bag, and then a precise volume (1 or 5 mL) is injected in a GC–MS system for separation and analysis. About 90 compounds are separated and identified in vapor phase smoke. A quantitative procedure was developed for acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, acrolein, propionaldehyde, acetonitrile, acetone, isoprene, propionitrile, benzene, crotonaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and styrene. Using appropriate standards, most of the other compounds identified in vapor phase smoke could also be quantitated. Excellent reproducibility is obtained using this technique, the results being in good agreement with previously reported work. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 142–152, 2000
Flower Classification for a Citizen Science Mobile App (2014)

This work describes an efficient approach for flower classification that is suitable for deployment in mobile devices, allowing its use in a citizen science application for biodiversity monitoring. In the proposed system, geo-located images are uploaded by the user and segmented semi-automatically. We propose a classification method based on histogram comparison of color, shape and texture cues, using metric learning for feature weighting. Our method is tested on the Oxford Flower Dataset and we are able to achieve state-of-the-art accuracy, while proposing an approach that can run efficiently in mobile devices.
505. VGX-3100 Drives Regression of HPV16/18 CIN2/3 and Robust Cellular Immune Responses in Blood and Cervical Tissue in a Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2B Study (2016)

Objectives: Assessment of the safety and efficacy and immunogenicity of VGX-3100 in women with biopsy-proven CIN2/3 with concurrent HPV16 and/or HPV18 infection. Methods: The randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, which was stratified by age and severity of CIN, evaluated cervical tissue changes after three 6 mg intramuscular doses of VGX-3100 followed by electroporation with Inovio's CELLECTRA(r)2000 device at weeks 0, 4, and 12. Results: Among 167 vaccinated women, the study met its primary efficacy endpoint; the percentage of patients who had regression of CIN2/3 to CIN1 or no disease at 6 months post third dose was significantly higher in the VGX-3100 group compared to placebo (p=0.034). In addition, the trial demonstrated the ability of VGX-3100 to clear HPV infection concurrent with regression of CIN2/3 (p=0.003). Post-hoc immune analysis also revealed significantly elevated immune responses in treated patients who had CIN2/3 regression concurrent with HPV clearance when compared to those who did not. This included the presence of CD8+ T cells in the blood exhibiting CD137 expression concurrent with perforin (p=0.032) as well as perforin in addition to granzyme A (p=0.036) as well as an influx of CD8+ T cells into cervical tissue (p=0.008). Conclusion: The successful phase 2b results represent a significant milestone in the development of active immunotherapies to treat HPV-related dysplasia and cancer. The data generated from the trial reveal a significant clinical benefit afforded by treatment with VGX-3100 and underscore the mechanism of action of HPV specific T cells. Thus VGX-3100 has the potential to provide an important alternative or adjunct to surgery in treating CIN 2/3.
Increased Photovoltaic Power Output via Diffractive Spectrum Separation (2013)

In this Letter, we report the preliminary demonstration of a new paradigm for photovoltaic power generation that utilizes a broadband diffractive-optical element (BDOE) to efficiently separate sunlight into laterally spaced spectral bands. These bands are then absorbed by single-junction photovoltaic cells, whose band gaps correspond to the incident spectral bands. We designed such BDOEs by utilizing a modified version of the direct-binary-search algorithm. Gray scale lithography was used to fabricate these multilevel optics. They were experimentally characterized with an overall optical efficiency of 70% over a wavelength range of 350–1100 nm, which was in excellent agreement with simulation predictions. Finally, two prototype devices were assembled: one with a pair of copper indium gallium selenide based photovoltaic devices, and another with GaAs and c-Si photovoltaic devices. These devices demonstrated an increase in output peak electrical power of ∼42% and ∼22%, respectively, under white-light illumination. Because of the optical versatility and manufacturability of the proposed BDOEs, the reported spectrum-splitting approach provides a new approach toward low-cost solar power.
Drug Identification through in vivo Screening of Chemical Libraries (2004)

The compound referred to as Oxazepam in the paper was, in fact, N-methyl oxazepam (temazepam). This inaccuracy in no way affects the conclusions presented in the paper. We apologize for this error.
Lithium Electrochemistry of WS2 Nanoflakes Studied by In-situ TEM (2018)

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High resolution matting via interactive trimap segmentation (2008)

We present a new approach to the matting problem which splits the task into two steps: interactive trimap extraction followed by trimap-based alpha matting. By doing so we gain considerably in terms of speed and quality and are able to deal with high resolution images. This paper has three contributions: (i) a new trimap segmentation method using parametric max-flow; (ii) an alpha matting technique for high resolution images with a new gradient preserving prior on alpha; (iii) a database of 27 ground truth alpha mattes of still objects, which is considerably larger than previous databases and also of higher quality. The database is used to train our system and to validate that both our trimap extraction and our matting method improve on state-of-the-art techniques.
18‐4: Invited Paper: Switchable Lightfield Displays for Automotive Applications (2020)

Lightfield displays are of great interest to enhance the automotive user experience if they can meet specific usability constraints. We introduce Diffractive Lightfield Backlighting as a novel, low‐cost and flexible technology to implement an auto‐grade Lightfield display with attractive properties such as simple 2D/3D switch, intrinsic light control and switchable privacy.
Dynamic Analysis of Constrained System of Rigid and Flexible Bodies With Intermittent Motion (1986)

A method for dynamic analysis of large-scale constrained system of mixed rigid and flexible bodies with intermittent motion is presented. The system equations of motion are written in the Lagrangian formulation using a finite set of coupled reference position and local elastic generalized coordinates. Equations of motion are computer generated and integrated forward in time using an explicit-implicit integration algorithm. Points in time at which sudden events of the intermittent behavior occur are monitored by an event predictor which controls the integration algorithm and forces a solution for the system impulse-momentum relation at those points. Solutions of impulse-momentum relations define the jump discontinuities in the composite velocity vector as well as the generalized impulses of the reaction forces at different joints of the mechanical system.
25kW 3-phase unity power factor buck boost rectifier with wide input and output range for pulse load applications (2007)

Pulse loads like solid state pulse modulators often generate short pulses with a high peak power which exceeds the average power 100 to 1000 times depending on the pulse repetition rate. There, the peak power usually is drawn from an energy buffer like a capacitor bank. During the pulse the energy buffer is discharged and has to be recharged between the pulses by a power supply, which is commonly connected to the mains.
Development of a Surgical Technique for Subretinal Implants in Rats (2022)

Retinal degeneration, such as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. A myriad of approaches have been undertaken to develop regenerative medicine-based therapies for AMD, including stem cell-based therapies. Rodents as animal models for retinal degeneration are a foundation for translational research, due to the broad spectrum of strains that develop retinal degeneration diseases at different stages. However, mimicking human therapeutic delivery of subretinal implants in rodents is challenging, due to anatomical differences such as lens size and vitreous volume. This surgical protocol aims to provide a guided method for transplanting implants into the subretinal space in rats. A user-friendly comprehensive description of the critical steps has been included. This protocol has been developed as a cost-efficient surgical procedure for reproducibility across different preclinical studies in rats. Proper miniaturization of a human-sized implant is required prior to conducting the surgical experiment, which includes adjustments to the dimensions of the implant. An external approach is used instead of an intravitreal procedure to deliver the implant to the subretinal space. Using a small sharp needle, a scleral incision is performed in the temporal superior quadrant, followed by paracentesis to reduce intraocular pressure, thereby minimizing resistance during the surgical implantation. Next, a balanced salt solution (BSS) injection through the incision is carried out to achieve focal retinal detachment (RD). Lastly, insertion and visualization of the implant into the subretinal space are conducted. Post-operative assessment of the subretinal placement of the implant includes imaging by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Imaging follow-ups ascertain the subretinal stability of the implant, before the eyes are harvested and fixated for histological analysis.
A robust focusing and astigmatism correction method for the scanning electron microscope (1997)

Abstract This paper discusses a new approach to focusing and astigmatism correction based on the fast fourier transforms (FFTs) of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. From the FFTs, it is possible to obtain information on the severity of the defocus and astigmatism. This information is then processed by an algorithm to perform real‐time focusing and astigmatism correction on the SEM. The algorithm has been tested on defocused and astigmatic images of different samples, including those with highly directional features. Experiments show that the images obtained after running the algorithm can be as good as those that an experienced SEM operator can achieve.
Synthesis and Study of Alendronate Derivatives as Potential Prodrugs of Alendronate Sodium for the Treatment of Low Bone Density and Osteoporosis (2006)

Alendronate derivatives were evaluated as potential prodrugs for the osteoporosis drug alendronate sodium in an attempt to enhance the systemic exposure after oral administration. An investigation of the chemical behavior of alendronate derivatives led to development of practical synthetic strategies and prediction of each structural class's prodrug potential. Pharmacokinetic studies of N-myristoylalendronic acid revealed that 25% have been converted in vivo after i.v. administration in rat, providing an important proof-of-concept for this strategy.
Catalyse hétérogène : désactivation et régénération des catalyseurs (2014)

La désactivation des catalyseurs solides est généralement inévitable. Toutefois, sa vitesse dépend beaucoup du procédé considéré, augmentant fortement avec la complexité des charges traitées, la sévérité des conditions opératoires, etc. Après avoir présenté les méthodes de caractérisation des catalyseurs désactivés, de la désactivation et des espèces qui la provoquent, cet article décrit les principaux mécanismes de désactivation : empoisonnement, formation et dépôt de coke, dégradations des catalyseurs et montre comment le choix et l'optimisation du catalyseur, du réacteur et des conditions permettent de limiter la désactivation.
Space nuclear power systems 1989; Proceedings of the 6th Symposium, Albuquerque, NM, Jan. 8-12, 1989. Vols. 1 & 2 (1992)

The present conference discusses such space nuclear power (SNP) issues as current design trends for SDI applications, ultrahigh heat-flux systems with curved surface subcooled nucleate boiling, design and manufacturing alternatives for low cost production of SNPs, a lightweight radioisotope heater for the Galileo mission, compatible materials for uranium fluoride-based gas core SNPs, Johnson noise thermometry for SNPs, and uranium nitride/rhenium compatibility studies for the SP-100 SNP. Also discussed are system issues in antimatter energy conversion, the thermal design of a heat source for a Brayton cycle radioisotope power system, structural and thermal analyses of an isotope heat source, a novel plant protection strategy for transient reactors, and beryllium toxicity.
PP-3 (1997)

Leimer, M.; Angelberger, P.; Sillaber, C.; Valent, P.; Virgolini, I. Author Information
Cabaud Award Winner (2016)

Background: Tendon disorders are among the most common musculoskeletal conditions in active patients. Platelet rich plasma (PRP) has been used in the treatment of tendon disorders, but little is known as to the mechanisms by which PRP acts. PRP contains numerous different growth factors and cytokines which activate various cellular signaling cascades, but it has been difficult to determine precisely which signaling pathways and cellular responses are activated following PRP treatment. Additionally, macrophages are important in modulating tendon regeneration, but the influence of PRP on determining whether macrophages assume a proinflammatory or antiinflammatory phenotype remains unknown. Our objectives were to use genome wide expression profiling, bioinformatics and protein analysis to determine the cellular pathways activated in fibroblasts treated with PRP, and to also evaluate the effect of PRP on macrophage polarization. Methods: Tendon fibroblasts or macrophages from rats were cultured and treated with either platelet poor plasma (PPP) or PRP. RNA or protein was isolated from cells and analyzed using microarrays, qPCR, immunoblot or bioinformatics techniques. Results: Bioinformatics analysis determined that the two signaling pathways predicted to be activated by PRP were the TNFα and NFκB pathways. PRP also downregulated several ECM genes, and induced the expression of autophagy related genes and reactive oxygen species (ROS) genes, as well as markers of protein oxidation in tendon fibroblasts. PRP failed to have a major impact on markers of macrophage polarization. Conclusions: PRP induces an inflammatory response in tendon fibroblasts which leads to the formation of ROS and activation of oxidative stress pathways. PRP does not appear to significantly modulate macrophage polarization. Clinical Relevance: PRP might act by inducing a transient inflammatory event which could then trigger a tissue regeneration response.
Analysis of oxide breakdown mechanism occurring during ESD pulses (2002)

In new technologies, concern for oxide breakdown during ESD (ElectroStatic Discharge) is becoming more and more important. It is usually evaluated using the classical 1/E law for the time to breakdown. In this study, we report different experiments demonstrating that this model for the time to breakdown need to be improved in the case of ESD stresses. A model for the conduction at these high current densities is proposed. The times to breakdown are analyzed on a large range of current densities. We show that we must take into account the effects of current crowding, electrical breakdown, temperature increase during the pulse and thermal breakdown to understand the failure mechanisms. A model is proposed to evaluate the heating during the ESD pulses and to predict the oxide strength.
A 200 μA Duty-Cycled PLL for Wireless Sensor Nodes in 65 nm CMOS (2010)

The design of a duty-cycled PLL (DCPLL) capable of burst mode operation is presented. The proposed DCPLL is a moderately accurate low-power high-frequency synthesizer suitable for use in nodes for wireless sensor networks (WSN). Thanks to a dual loop configuration, the PLL's total frequency error, once in lock, is less than 0.25% from 300 MHz to 1.2 GHz. It employs a fast start-up DCO which enables its operation at duty-cycles as low as 10%. Fabricated in a baseline 65 nm CMOS technology, the DCPLL circuit occupies 0.19 x 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and draws 200 μA from a 1.3 V supply when generating bursts of 1 GHz signal with a 10% duty-cycle.
Comparison of electronic pre-compensation and post-compensation for cascaded optical filtering of 10 Gb/s NRZ-OOK signals (2009)

Using a recirculating loop, the performance improvement for cascaded optical filtering by using precompensation at the transmitter and post-compensation at the receiver is compared.
Characterizing hysteresis in 2D materials via heavy-tail switching transients in black phosphorous (Conference Presentation) (2019)

In two-dimensional (2D) materials, such as black phosphorus, the hysteresis attributed to surface and interfacial disorder can severely limit applications in electronics. In this work, we characterize the hysteresis in Al2O3-encapsulated black phosphorous samples by studying conductivity switching transients in response to an applied step gate bias. Using the dispersive diffusion model for relaxation in disordered systems, the so-called bimolecular and unimolecular recombination limits were observed in low-disorder pristine and high-disorder oxidized BP samples, respectively. Two different heavy-tail lineshapes ( the algebraic decay and the stretched exponential relaxation ) were clearly distinguished in the low- and high-disorder limits, respectively. The parameterization of these transients allows temperature dependence of the line-fit parameters to be tracked. If interpreted under the continuous time random walk model, the observed temperature dependence of the dispersion parameter beta would result from a disorder-induced tail of localized trap states.
Strong Energy-Transfer-Induced Enhancement of Luminescence Efficiency of Eu2+- and Mn2+-Codoped Gamma-AlON for Near-UV-LED-Pumped Solid State Lighting (2015)

A series of Eu(2+)- and Mn(2+)-codoped γ-AlON (Al1.7O2.1N0.3) phosphors was synthesized at 1800 °C under 0.5 MPa N2 by using the gas-pressure sintering method (GPS). Eu(2+) and Mn(2+) ions were proved to enter into γ-AlON host lattice by means of XRD, CL, and EDS measurements. Under 365 nm excitation, two emission peaks located at 472 and 517 nm, resulting from 4f(6)5d(1) → 4f(7) and (4)T1(4G) → (6)A1 electron transitions of Eu(2+) and Mn(2+), respectively, can be observed. Energy transfer from Eu(2+) to Mn(2+) was evidenced by directly observing appreciable overlap between the excitation spectrum of Mn(2+) and the emission spectrum of Eu(2+) as well as by the decreased decay time of Eu(2+) with increasing Mn(2+) concentration. The critical energy-transfer distance between Eu(2+) and Mn(2+) and the energy-transfer efficiency were also calculated. The mechanism of energy transfer was identified as a resonant type via a dipole-dipole mechanism. The external quantum efficiency was increased 7 times (from 7% for γ-AlON:Mn(2+) to 49% for γ-AlON:Mn(2+),Eu(2+) under 365 nm excitation), and color-tunable emissions from blue-green to green-yellow were also realized with the Eu(2+) → Mn(2+) energy transfer in γ-AlON.