gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycine Transporter-1 Inhibition Promotes Striatal Axon Sprouting via NMDA Receptors in Dopamine Neurons (2013)

NMDA receptor activity is involved in shaping synaptic connections throughout development and adulthood. We recently reported that brief activation of NMDA receptors on cultured ventral midbrain dopamine neurons enhanced their axon growth rate and induced axonal branching. To test whether this mechanism was relevant to axon regrowth in adult animals, we examined the reinnervation of dorsal striatum following nigral dopamine neuron loss induced by unilateral intrastriatal injections of the toxin 6-hydroxydopamine. We used a pharmacological approach to enhance NMDA receptor-dependent signaling by treatment with an inhibitor of glycine transporter-1 that elevates levels of extracellular glycine, a coagonist required for NMDA receptor activation. All mice displayed sprouting of dopaminergic axons from spared fibers in the ventral striatum to the denervated dorsal striatum at 7 weeks post-lesion, but the reinnervation in mice treated for 4 weeks with glycine uptake inhibitor was approximately twice as dense as in untreated mice. The treated mice also displayed higher levels of striatal dopamine and a complete recovery from lateralization in a test of sensorimotor behavior. We confirmed that the actions of glycine uptake inhibition on reinnervation and behavioral recovery required NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons using targeted deletion of the NR1 NMDA receptor subunit in dopamine neurons. Glycine transport inhibitors promote functionally relevant sprouting of surviving dopamine axons and could provide clinical treatment for disorders such as Parkinson's disease.
A multitargeted probe-based strategy to identify signaling vulnerabilities in cancers (2019)

Most cancer cells are dependent on a network of deregulated signaling pathways for survival and are insensitive, or rapidly evolve resistance, to selective inhibitors aimed at a single target. For these reasons, drugs that target more than one protein (polypharmacology) can be clinically advantageous. The discovery of useful polypharmacology remains serendipitous and is challenging to characterize and validate. In this study, we developed a non-genetic strategy for the identification of pathways that drive cancer cell proliferation and represent exploitable signaling vulnerabilities. Our approach is based on using a multitargeted kinase inhibitor, SM1-71, as a tool compound to identify combinations of targets whose simultaneous inhibition elicits a potent cytotoxic effect. As a proof of concept, we applied this approach to a KRAS-dependent non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line, H23-KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> Using a combination of phenotypic screens, signaling analyses, and kinase inhibitors, we found that dual inhibition of MEK1/2 and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R)/insulin receptor (INSR) is critical for blocking proliferation in cells. Our work supports the value of multitargeted tool compounds with well-validated polypharmacology and target space as tools to discover kinase dependences in cancer. We propose that the strategy described here is complementary to existing genetics-based approaches, generalizable to other systems, and enabling for future mechanistic and translational studies of polypharmacology in the context of signaling vulnerabilities in cancers.
Noniterative data-driven design of multivariable controllers (2011)

In this paper, a data-driven technique is proposed to deal with multivariable fixed-order controller design. The method is based on the Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT) philosophy and thus does not require any model of the plant. As far as the authors are aware, this is the first noniterative method that allows one to tune either tracking and decoupling terms of a MIMO controller. Unlike standard VRFT for SISO systems, extended instrumental variables and variance weighting are used to counteract the effect of noise and achieve consistent controller estimate with a single set of input-output data. The proposed strategy is validated on three banchmark examples.
Indirect Low-Intensity Ultrasonic Stimulation for Tissue Engineering (2010)

Low-intensity ultrasound (LIUS) treatment has been shown to increase mass transport, which could benefit tissue grafts during the immediate postimplant period, when blood supply to the implanted tissue is suboptimal. In this in vitro study, we investigated effects of LIUS stimulation on dye diffusion, proliferation, metabolism, and tropomyosin expression of muscle cells (C2C12) and on tissue viability and gene expression of human adipose tissue organoids. We found that LIUS increased dye diffusion within adjacent tissue culture wells and caused anisotropic diffusion patterns. This effect was confirmed by a hydrophone measurement resulting in acoustic pressure 150-341 Pa in wells. Cellular studies showed that LIUS significantly increased proliferation, metabolic activity, and expression of tropomyosin. Adipose tissue treated with LIUS showed significantly increased metabolic activity and the cells had similar morphology to normal unilocular adipocytes. Gene analysis showed that tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression (a marker for tissue damage) was significantly lower for stimulated organoids than for control groups. Our data suggests that LIUS could be a useful modality for improving graft survival in vivo.
The Logbook, A Publication of the Wayne E. Meyer Institute of Systems Engineering / April 2004 (2004)

www.nps.navy.mil/meyerinstitute Email:MeyerInst@nps.navy.mil Phone:(831) 656-7847 Fax:(831) 656-2336 Naval Postgraduate School, 777 Dyer Rd., Mail Code 97, Monterey, CA
Organic photochemistry (2008)

More than one thousand photochemistry papers were published in the most cited twenty-four scientific journals in 2007. With nanosecond, picosecond, and femtosecond laser techniques widely applied, detection of reactive intermediates, products of chemical bond dissociation, isomerizations, rearrangements, as well as the initial results of intramolecular energy or electron transfer, become facile. Complex photoluminescence, DNA sequence-directed structure and dynamics studies, photopolymerization, and photocatalysis remain important topics. Because optical single-molecule detection, photoprobes, and photosensors have been increasingly applied in the chemical and biological sciences, these have received specific attention. The photochemistry of nanoparticles and nanostructures has also attracted much attention. Optical devices, photoswitches, and two-photon/multiphoton chemistry have been widely investigated. In this review, we briefly summarize major progress in the photochemical sciences and selected applications are discussed.
Near-Field Fluorescence Microscopy An Optical Nanotool to Study Protein Organization at the Cell Membrane (2005)

The ability to study the structure and function of cell membranes and membrane components is fundamental to understanding cellular processes. This requires the use of methods capable of resolving structures with nanometer-scale resolution in intact or living cells. Although fluorescence microscopy has proven to be an extremely versatile tool in cell biology, its diffraction-limited resolution prevents the investigation of membrane compartmentalization at the nanometer scale. Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is a relatively unexplored technique that combines both enhanced spatial resolution of probing microscopes and simultaneous measurement of topographic and optical signals. Because of the very small nearfield
excitation volume, background fluorescence from the cytoplasm is effectively reduced, enabling the visualization of nano-scale domains on the cell membrane with single molecule detection sensitivity at physiologically relevant packing densities. In this article we discuss technological aspects concerning the implementation of NSOM for cell membrane studies and illustrate its unique advantages in terms of spatial resolution, background suppression, sensitivity, and surface specificity for the study of protein clustering at the cell membrane. Furthermore, we demonstrate reliable operation under physiological conditions, without compromising resolution or sensitivity, opening the road toward truly live cell imaging with unprecedented detail
and accuracy.
Research on an Optimal Approach for the Dynamic Property of Tennis Rackets. (1999)

This paper presents the method of an optimal approach of the dynamic property of tennis rackets by combining the usage of the multivariate analysis and the neural network. Two approaches are used for the several data sampling about playing tennis. One is the evaluation of the dynamic characteristics of tennis rackets, and the other is the evaluation of sensibility of a player while impacting the ball which are obtained through the questionnaire. The several axes to explain the important factors are found by using SD method. Then, the physical properties are obtained by using correlation analysis. Based upon the results of correlation, the evaluate equations between the effective physical values and the sensory factors are established by using the multiple regression analysis. Furthermore the non-linear relation of sensibility is considered by using the neural network. Thus, the evaluate systems which is constructed by neural network, is closer the practical sensibility compared with the evaluate equations constructed by the multiple regression analysis. As the result, it can be said that the direction of an optimal approach of the dynamic property of tennis rackets is shown in the designing stage.
Adsorption of Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/Surfactant(s) Mixtures at the Silica/Water Interface: A Calorimetric Investigation (2000)

The adsorption of binary mixtures of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and of ternary mixture of PVP, SDS, and pentaethylene glycol monodecyl ether (C10E5) onto silica has been studied by the measurements of the adsorbed amount of PVP and the heat of adsorption. The amount of PVP adsorbed from the binary mixtures decreases as the SDS concentration is increased, whereas the enthalpy change passes through a maximum at SDS concentration of ca. 4 g/L. The chain conformation of PVP adsorbed on silica has been estimated from the adsorption data in relation to the surfactant concentration. It changes from loops and tails to trains upon increasing SDS concentration. At SDS concentrations higher than 4 g/L, a comblike conformation is observed. The adsorption of PVP/SDS/C10E5 ternary mixtures depends on the polymer concentration regime.
Thromboxane A2 receptor blocking abrogates donor-specific unresponsiveness to renal allografts induced by thymic recognition of major histocompatibility allopeptides. (1994)

Recent in vitro studies have documented that thromboxane (Tx)A2 induces thymocyte apoptosis by acting on specific receptors abundantly expressed on the surface of immature T lymphocytes. No information is available on the in vivo relevance of this observation in development of self- or acquired tolerance. We and others have previously documented that injection of donor cells into adult thymus of experimental animals induced specific systemic unresponsiveness to allografts in the rat and mouse models. More recently, we have shown that intrathymic injection of synthetic class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) allopeptides resulted in donor-specific unresponsiveness to renal allografts. The induction of unresponsiveness was abrogated by recipient thymectomy within the first week. We now report the effect of TxA2 blockade on acquired thymic tolerance to renal allografts induced by intrathymic injection of synthetic class II MHC allopeptides in the Wistar-Furth (WF) to Lewis rat strain combination. Administration of the TxA2 receptor blocker prior to transplantation or 2 wk postengraftment completely abrogated the unresponsive state. In addition, inhibiting the TxA2-forming enzyme by aspirin or dexamethasone also abolished the induction of acquired thymic tolerance. Evidence is also provided for a critical "dose" of peptides to be injected into the thymus to induce systemic unresponsiveness to renal allografts. These data, coupled with observations that activated peripheral T cells can circulate through the thymus, provide evidence that TxA2/TxA2 receptor interaction in the thymic microenvironment, leading to anergy/programmed cell death of activated T cells, may play an important role in the development of acquired unresponsiveness in vivo.
Red-Emitting Semiconductor Quantum Dot Lasers (1996)

Visible-stimulated emission in a semiconductor quantum dot (QD) laser structure has been demonstrated. Red-emitting, self-assembled QDs of highly strained InAlAs have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaAs substrate. Carriers injected electrically from the doped regions of a separate confinement heterostructure thermalized efficiently into the zero-dimensional QD states, and stimulated emission at approximately 707 nanometers was observed at 77 kelvin with a threshold current of 175 milliamperes for a 60-micrometer by 400-micrometer broad area laser. An external efficiency of approximately 8.5 percent at low temperature and a peak power greater than 200 milliwatts demonstrate the good size distribution and high gain in these high-quality QDs.
Synthesis of Ultrafine Gd2O3 Nanoparticles Inside Single-Wall Carbon Nanohorns (2006)

The large diameter of single-wall carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) allows various molecules to be easily incorporated in hollow nanospaces. In this report, we prove that the nanospaces of SWNHs even work as the chemical reaction field at high temperature; that is, Gd-acetate clusters inside SWNHs were transformed into ultrafine Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles with their particle size retained even after heat-treatment at 700 degrees C. This indicates that the confinement of the Gd-acetate clusters in a deep potential well of the SWNH nanospaces prevented a migration to form larger particles, giving rise to ultrafine Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles of 2.3 nm in average diameter, which is much smaller than the case without SWNHs. The Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles thus obtained were demonstrated to be actually useful to the magnetic resonance imaging. We believe that the presented effectiveness of the inner hollow spaces of SWNHs, therefore, also those of the carbon nanotubes, for high-temperature chemical reactions should be highlighted, and that the thus produced novel nanomaterials are promising to expand the fields of nanoscience.
Substance P is essential for maintaining gut muscle contractility: a novel role for coneurotransmission revealed by botulinum toxin (2014)

Substance P (SP) is commonly coexpressed with ACh in enteric motor neurons, and, according to the classical paradigm, both these neurotransmitters excite smooth muscle via parallel pathways. We hypothesized that, in addition, SP was responsible for maintaining the muscular responsiveness to ACh. We tested this hypothesis by using botulinum toxin (BoNT/A), a known blocker of vesicular release of neurotransmitters including ACh and neuropeptides. BoNT/A was injected into rat pyloric sphincter in different doses; as control we used boiled BoNT/A. At the desired time point, pylorus was dissected out and pyloric contractility was measured ex vivo in an organ bath and by measuring phosphorylation of myosin light chain 20 (MLC20). BoNT/A (10 IU) significantly reduced the response of pyloric muscle to exogenous ACh, an effect that was accompanied by reduced MLC20 phosphorylation in the muscle. Both effects were reversed by exogenous SP. CP-96345, a NK1 receptor antagonist, blocked the ability of exogenous SP to reverse the cholinergic hyporesponsiveness as well as the reduction in MLC20 phosphorylation induced by BoNT/A. In conclusion, we have identified a novel role for SP as a coneurotransmitter that appears to be important for the maintenance of muscular responsiveness to the principal excitatory neurotransmitter, ACh. These results also provide new insight into the effects of botulinum toxin on the enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal smooth muscle.
On the Importance of Mathematical Methods for Analysis of MALDI-Imaging Mass Spectrometry Data (2012)

In the last decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (IMS), also called as MALDI-imaging, has proven its potential in proteomics and was successfully applied to various types of biomedical problems, in particular to histopathological label-free analysis of tissue sections. In histopathology, MALDI-imaging is used as a general analytic tool revealing the functional proteomic structure of tissue sections, and as a discovery tool for detecting new biomarkers discriminating a region annotated by an experienced histologist, in particular, for cancer studies. A typical MALDI-imaging data set contains 10⁸ to 10⁹ intensity values occupying more than 1 GB. Analysis and interpretation of such huge amount of data is a mathematically, statistically and computationally challenging problem. In this paper we overview some computational methods for analysis of MALDI-imaging data sets. We discuss the importance of data preprocessing, which typically includes normalization, baseline removal and peak picking, and hightlight the importance of image denoising when visualizing IMS data.
Ablation of Noninducible Idiopathic Left Ventricular Tachycardia Using a Noncontact Map Acquired from a Premature Complex with Tachycardia Morphology (2000)

We describe use of a novel noncontact system to permit mapping in a noninducible patient from a single premature ventricular complex with tachycardia morphology, thus guiding successful ablation after two previously failed conventional efforts. The instantaneous global electroanatomic map demonstrated fascicular macroreentry. Subsequent to ablation at an inferolateral site, there has been no clinical recurrence despite difficult arrhythmia control preprocedure. This case demonstrated that noncontact mapping can be used to create a potential map to guide successful ablation from a single premature ventricular complex in a patient with idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia that became noninducible at electrophysiological study.
Kigamicins, Novel Antitumor Antibiotics. Part 1. Taxonomy, Isolation, Physico‐chemical Properties and Biological Activities. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
True gap control: direct measurement of the real gap sizeduring parallel-plate and cone-and-plate rheologicalexperiments (2004)

Resumen en: The actual size of the measuring gap in rotational rheometers has been a matter of discussions for a long time. An error in the gap size influences dire...
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Analysis of 2′,3′‐Didehydro‐2′,3′‐dideoxypyrimidine Nucleosides (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
On the space complexity of randomized synchronization (1998)

The “waite-free hierarchy” provides a classification of multiprocessor synchronization primitives based on the values of n for which there are deterministic wait-free implementations of n -process consensus using instances of these objects and read-write registers. In a randomized wait-free setting, this classification is degenerate, since n -process consensus can be solved using only O(n) read-write registers. In this paper, we propose a classification of synchronization primitives based on the space complexity of randomized solutions to n -process consensus. A historyless object, such as a read-write register, a swap register, or a test&amp;set register, is an object whose state depends only on the lost nontrivial operation thate was applied to it. We show that, using historyless objects, Ω(√n) object instances are necessary to solve n -process consensus. This lower bound holds even if the objects have unbounded size and the termination requirement is nondeterministic solo termination , a property strictly weaker than randomized wait-freedom. We then use this result to related the randomized space complexity of basic multiprocessor synchronization primitives such as shared counters, fetch&amp;add registers, and compare&amp;swap registers. Viewed collectively, our results imply that there is a separation based on space complexity for synchronization primitives in randomized computation, and that this separation differs from that implied by the deterministic “wait-free hierarchy.”
Identification of peptides from human pathogens able to cross‐activate an HIV‐1‐gag‐specific CD4+ T cell clone (2005)

Antigen recognition by T cells is degenerate both at the MHC and the TCR level. In this study, we analyzed the cross-reactivity of a human HIV-1 gag p24-specific CD4(+) T cell clone obtained from an HIV-1-seronegative donor using a positional scanning synthetic combinatorial peptide library (PS-SCL)-based biometrical analysis. A number of decapeptides able to activate the HIV-1 gag-specific clone were identified and shown to correspond to sequences found in other human pathogens. Two of these peptides activated the T cell clone with the same stimulatory potency as the original HIV-1 gag p24 peptide. These findings show that an HIV-1-specific human T helper clone can react efficiently with peptides from other pathogens and suggest that cellular immune responses identified as being specific for one human pathogen (HIV-1) could arise from exposure to other pathogens.
A frequency-domain entropy-based detector for robust spectrum sensing in cognitive radio networks (2010)

Sensitivity to noise uncertainty is a fundamental limitation of current spectrum sensing strategies in cognitive radio networks (CRN). Because of noise uncertainty, the performance of traditional detectors such as matched filters, energy detectors, and even cyclostationary detectors deteriorates rapidly at low Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR). To counteract noise uncertainty, a new entropy-based spectrum sensing scheme is introduced in this letter. The entropy of the sensed signal is estimated in the frequency domain with a probability space partitioned into fixed dimensions. It is proven that the proposed scheme is robust against noise uncertainty. Simulation results confirm the robustness of the proposed scheme and show 6dB and 5dB performance improvement compared with energy detectors and cyclostationary detectors, respectively. In addition, the sample size is significantly reduced compared to an energy detector.
Electronic states of solidC60: Symmetries and photoionization cross sections (1991)

Synchrotron-radiation photoemission studies of the occupied electronic states of condensed phase-pure ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ show sharp, well-defined features, and comparison with the calculated density of states shows excellent agreement. Studies of the emission intensities as a function of photon energy reveal remarkable modulation due to transitions to final states that retain distinct molecular character and symmetry to \ensuremath{\sim}100 eV above the highest occupied level.
Exciton polaritons in quantum-dot photonic crystals (2000)

We present a theory of the photonic band structure of three-dimensional arrays of quantum dots (QDs). A system of Maxwell’s and material equations is solved and the dispersion equation for exciton-polaritons is derived making allowance for a nonlocal dielectric response of quasi-zero-dimensional excitons confined in QDs. The reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated for a single plane, a pair of planes and a stack of equidistant planes of QDs. Two different approaches are proposed to perform a calculation. One of them is based on recurrent equations relating the reflection coefficients for N + 1 and N planes, while in the other approach the Bloch solutions for an infinite QD lattice are used.