gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of selexipag for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2017)

Selexipag is the first oral, non-prostanoid, selective prostacyclin receptor (IP receptor) agonist, approved for the long-term treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in adult patients. Areas covered: This article reviews the clinical pharmacology, efficacy, and safety of selexipag in the treatment of PAH. Expert opinion: Selexipag is the first oral drug that selectively targets the prostacyclin pathway, and has evidence of long-term efficacy and safety. In the global phase 3 study GRIPHON (NCT01106014) in PAH patients, selexipag significantly reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of morbidity/mortality (M/M). The adverse events in the selexipag group were consistent with the known side effects of prostacyclin, including headache, nausea, jaw pain, and diarrhea. Importantly, selexipag was efficacious and safe irrespective of whether or not patients were already receiving other PAH therapies. With selexipag approval, triple oral combination therapy addressing three important pathways is available for patients with PAH. Selexipag has one major metabolite, ACT-333679, which is also a selective IP receptor agonist, with 37-fold higher potency than selexipag. Pharmacokinetic properties of ACT-333679 permit twice-daily dosing of selexipag, providing a more convenient treatment compared to prostacyclin or its analogs. For patients with moderate hepatic impairment a once-daily regimen is recommended.
Once-Daily Dosing vs. Conventional Dosing Schedule of Mesalamine and Relapse of Quiescent Ulcerative Colitis: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2011)

Once-daily dosing with mesalamine is as effective as conventional dosing schedules for the prevention of relapse of quiescent UC, although there is no definitive evidence that compliance with once-daily dosing is better. Adverse events occur at a similar frequency.
Increasing Molecular Weight Parameters of a Helical Polymer through Polymerization in a Chiral Solvent (2006)

In this communication, we will demonstrate that polymerization in a chiral solvent can affect the molecular weight distribution of the product by perturbing the balance of the P and M helical screw senses of the growing chains. Specifically, for the Wurtz-type synthesis of polymethylphenylsilane (PMPS) in either (R) or (S)-limonene, the weight-average molecular weight of the products (average Mw = 80 000) was twice that of PMPS synthesized in (R/S)-limonene (average Mw = 39 200). Peturbation of the helical segmentation along the polymer chains leads to a reduction in the rate of occurrence of a key termination step. This the first time that a chiral solvent has been demonstrated to have such an effect on a polymerization process in affecting molecular weight parameters in contrast to affecting tacticity.
168 channels x 6 GHz from a multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor laser (2003)

A gain-flattened multiwavelength mode-locked semiconductor laser generates 168 discrete wavelength channels at 6 GHz. Intracavity etalon filtering delineates the 0.12-nm-spaced channels while spatial filtering inside a spectrometer broadens the laser spectrum to 20 nm. Mode locking produces 85-ps pulses in each channel at 750 MHz. The pulse-repetition rate is multiplied to 6 GHz per channel via optical time-division multiplexing to yield an aggregate pulse rate of 1 THz.
What do the eyes behold for human-computer interaction? (2002)

In recent years, there has been a resurgence of interest in the use of eye tracking systems for interactive purposes. However, it is easy to be fooled by the interactive power of eye tracking. When first encountering eye based interaction, most people are genuinely impressed with the almost magical window into the mind of the user that it seems to provide. There are two reasons why this belief may lead to subsequent disappointment. Firstly, although current eye tracking equipment is far superior to that used in the seventies and early eighties, it is by no means perfect. For example, there is still the tradeoff between the use of an obtrusive head-based system or a desk-based system with limited head movement. Such technical problems continue to limit the usefulness of eye tracking as a generic form of input. Secondly, there are real methodological problems regarding the interpretation of eye input for use in graphical user interfaces. One example, the "Midas Touch" problem, is observed in systems that use eye movements to directly control a mouse cursor. When does the system decide that a user is interested in a visual object? Systems that implement dwell time for this purpose run the risk of disallowing visual scanning behavior, requiring users to control their eye movements for the purposes of output, rather than input. However, difficulties in the interpretation of visual interest remain even when systems use another input modality for signaling intent. Another classic methodological problem is exemplified by the application of eye movement recording in usability studies. Although eye fixations provide some of the best measures of visual interest, they do not provide a measure of cognitive interest. It is one thing to determine whether a user has observed certain visual information, but quite another to determine whether this information has in fact been processed or understood. Some of our technological problems can and will be solved. However, we believe that our methodological issues point to a more fundamental problem: What is the nature of the input information conveyed by eye movements and to what interactive functions can this information provide added value?
Evaluation of KP‐1199: a novel acetaminophen analog for hemostatic function and antinociceptive effects (2021)

These results suggest that KP-1199 possesses antinociceptive activity in a rat model of thermal injury. Since KP-1199 does not induce platelet activation or inhibit coagulation, it presents an attractive alternative to APAP for analgesia, especially for battlefield or surgical scenarios where blood loss and blood clotting are of concern.
INDUCTION OF TOLERANCE BY SIGNAL ONE BLOCKADE WITH ANTI-CD45RB REQUIRES NEGATIVE SIGNALING THROUGH CTLA-4. (1999)

450 We have shown that blockade of Signal One with 3 doses of anti-CD45RB induces tolerance in 50-60% of murine islet allograft recipients (PNAS. 1998. 95:3821). Engagement of CTLA-4 is required for induction of tolerance to nominal antigen (Immunity. 1997. 6:411). Here, we evaluate the role of negative signaling through CTLA-4 in tolerance induction by anti-CD45RB in a murine islet allograft model through use of a blocking anti-CTLA-4 mAb. Chemically diabetic C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with 350-400 BALB/c islets under the left kidney capsule. Recipients were untreated, or treated with: anti-CD45RB (MB23G2), 100 ug IV on days −1,0, and 5; anti-CTLA-4 (UC10-4F10), 200 ug IP days −1, 0, 1; or the combination of anti-CTLA-4 plus anti-CD45RB. (Table)TableTreatment with anti-CTLA-4 alone had no effect on graft survival compared to untreated controls. Preliminary data indicate that anti-CTLA-4 does not affect CD45 isoform expression. In contrast, anti-CD45RB treatment induces a shift from high to low Mr (CD45RBLo) CD45 isoforms. Importantly, CD45RBLo T cells have been reported to exhibit increased CTLA-4 expression (J. Immunol. 1998. 161:5855). We hypothesize that the shift towards CD45RBLo isoforms induced by anti-CD45RB mAb augments CTLA-4 expression and that this contributes towards the generation of tolerance. Concordantly, blockade of CTLA-4-mediated negative signals with anti-CTLA-4 abrogates tolerance induction by anti-CD45RB. Understanding the role and mechanisms of negative signaling pathways in induction and maintenance of tolerance is critical for development of novel tolerance strategies in solid organ and cell transplantation.
Bayesian estimation from projections with low photon dosages (1991)

A method is presented for Bayesian reconstruction from projections which updates single pixel values, rather than the entire image, at each step. The technique is similar to Gauss-Seidel (GS) iteration for the solution of differential equations on finite grids. The computational cost per iteration of the GS approach is found to be approximately equal to that of gradient methods. For continuously valued images, GS is found to have significantly better convergence at modes representing high spatial frequencies. In addition, GS is well-suited to segmentation when the image is constrained to be discrete-valued.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Notice of Removal: Image-guided ultrasound/microbubble-mediated drug delivery platform with passive cavitation mapping (2017)

Removed.
1037. Site-Specific Genomic Integration in Hematopoietic Cells (2004)

Methods of gene transfer to hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that result in safe stable chromosomal integration and persistent gene expression in vivo are desired. HSC are an attractive target as their modification could provide treatments for many inherited blood diseases such as Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) and acquired diseases such as infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1). PhiC31 integrase is a site-specific recombinase that catalyses a specific, unidirectional integration reaction between two distinct DNA sites known as attB and attP. It has been demonstrated previously that a plasmid expressing the integrase can mediate the integration of a co-delivered attB-containing plasmid into mammalian chromosomes at pseudo attP-sites (host sites sharing homology to attP, as recognized by phiC31). Here we delivered the non-viral phiC31 integrase system to achieve site-restricted integration of genes into the genome of hematopoietic cells using the AMAXA nucleoporator. We applied the phiC31system to integrate a MND-driven eGFP reporter gene into the genomes of human hematopoietic cell lines and primary CD34+ progenitor cells. In the K562 cell line, we observed stable expression of eGFP in >60% of cells for over 2 months; in contrast, in control cells not treated with integrase, the level of gene expression had fallen to near background (<1%) by 2 weeks. In purified human cord blood and bone marrow CD34+ progenitor cells, the integrase repeatedly improved marking efficiency when compared to controls. However, to date relatively low levels of cells that express eGFP (1% range) have been observed over 4-6 weeks of long-term culture. A LAM-PCR based method was applied to investigate pseudo attP-sites in the marked hematopoietic cells. Analyses of integration sites in these marked cells indicated that the preferred pseudo attP-sites chosen by the phiC31 integrase in hematopoietic cells may differ from those previously reported in other commonly used human cell lines and primary cells. Integration events into these pseudo attP-sites are directly responsible for the high level of marking seen in these hematopoietic studies. We are currently defining the identity and expression context afforded by hematopoietic-preferred integration sites. These encouraging results of long-term stable expression highlight the potential of this likely safer non-viral method for ameliorating diseases affecting the hematopoietic system.
BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THREE DIFFERENT BLOCKING FOOTWORK TECHNIQUES IN VOLLEYBALL: A PILOT STUDY (2006)

The purpose of this study was to analyse three different blocking footwork techniques in volleyball. In particular the attention was focused on the correlation between anthropometric and kinematic parameters. Three female athletes playing in the first national league were recruited for a pilot study. Bosco tests were executed to have a morphological classification. A stereophotogrammetric system was used to acquire three blocking footwork techniques: slide step, running and jab cross over patterns. Parameters of interest included the blocking time, the jump height, the horizontal and vertical speed of the centre of mass, the frontal position of the body with respect to the net and the invasion angle of the hands over the net. A correlation between jump height and blocking time was observed only in the running step technique. The time of centre of mass maximum speed was significantly less for the jab cross-over step technique. The most effective blocking technique for every athlete was finally obtained.
Glass fiber reinforced polyamide‐6 nanocomposites (2000)

Abstract Polyamide 6 nanocomposites (PA6/NC) are novel type of composite materials comprising extremely thin, “nanometer scale” dispersions of smectitic silicate platelets. We prepared such PA6/NC materials via a melt compounding technique using suitably organomodified montmorillonite or hectorite type clays. The high surface to volume ratio of such thin silicate dispersions in PA6/NC leads to a high reinforcement efficiency even at 2 to 5 wt% of clay, achieving high specific modulus, strength and heat distortion temperature under load (DTUL). In addition, the platelet orientation and their surface nucleation effects seem to promote a faster crystallization and higher crystallinity in PA‐6/NC (particularly at the surface and in thin‐wall injection moldings), as compared to the standard PA‐6. Such morphological features in PA‐6/NC also result in improved moisture resistance. Recognizing these benefits, we investigated the use of PA‐6/NC as a matrix for making both short and long glass fiber (GF) reinforced composites. Significant improvements in modulus were achievable in both the dry and the moisture conditioned state for PA‐6/NC compared to standard PA‐6, at any given level of glass fiber reinforcement. In general a small amount (3‐4 wt%) of the nanometer scale dispersed clay is capable of replacing up to 40 wt% of a standard mineral filler or 10‐15 wt% of glass fiber in PA‐6 composites to give equivalent stiffness at a lower density or a lower part weight advantage. In addition, improved moisture resistance, permeation barrier and fast crystallization/mold cycle time contribute to the usefulness of such composites.
Near Infrared-Triggered Liposome Cages for Rapid, Localized Small Molecule Delivery (2020)

Photolabile chelating cages or protecting groups need complex chemical syntheses and require UV, visible, or two-photon NIR light to trigger release. Different cages have different solubilities, reaction rates, and energies required for triggering. Here we show that liposomes containing calcium, adenosine triphosphate, or carboxyfluorescein are tethered to plasmon-resonant hollow gold nanoshells (HGN) tuned to absorb light from 650-950 nm. Picosecond pulses of near infrared (NIR) light provided by a two-photon microscope, or by a stand-alone laser during flow through microfluidic channels, trigger contents release with spatial and temporal control. NIR light adsorption heats the HGN, inducing vapor nanobubbles that rupture the liposome, releasing cargo within milliseconds. Any water-soluble molecule can be released at essentially the same rate from the liposome-HGN. By using liposomes of different composition, or HGN of different sizes or shapes with different nanobubble threshold fluences, or irradiating on or off resonance, two different cargoes can be released simultaneously, one before the other, or in a desired ratio. Calcium release from liposome-HGN can be spatially patterned to crosslink alginate gels and trap living cells. Liposome-HGN provide stable, biocompatible isolation of the bioactive compound from its surroundings with minimal interactions with the local environment.
Pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and carboplatin in a dose-escalating and dose-sequencing study in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. The European Cancer Centre. (1997)

There was no pharmacokinetic-sequence interaction between C and P in this study. A clear dose-response relation with respect to response rate and survival was observed. The pharmacokinetic parameter P-T > or = 0.1 mumol/L was related to improved survival in this study.
The absolute configuration of sulphoxides: 2-thia-5α-androstan-17β-ol oxides (1967)

P. B. Sollman, R. Nagarajan and R. M. Dodson, Chem. Commun. (London), 1967, 552 DOI: 10.1039/C19670000552
Consider bone-conducted human hearing (2010)

This volume is a collection of chapters representing the depth and breadth of research that underlies the understanding of the complexity and diversity of vibrational communication in the animal kingdom. The chapters, organized by taxa, are all contributed by specialists in their respective fields. Peggy Hill, whose recent book Vibrational Communication in Animals helped set the stage for this volume, has supplied a useful and unifying introduction. The initial three chapters on invertebrates review the remarkable array of mechanisms employed by crustaceans, spiders and insects to generate and detect vibrations. These chapters address the subtleties of the social contexts in which vibration is used in communication, prey detection and avoidance. Also explored is the influence of the ecology of these organisms on vibration transmission and detection as well as the significance of habitat selection in assuring optimal vibration transmission. The next five chapters include a review of what is known about vibration generation, propagation and detection in amphibians and snakes as well as in small and large mammals, including humans. They present in detail the anatomy of the various ear (and jaw) structures that process vibrations, tracing the development of the ear from the simpler frog and snake ear to the more derived mammalian ear that incorporates three bones from the jaw. The treatment of the opercularis of the frog, progressing to the jawbones of snakes, then to the hypertrophied middle ear bones found in small rodents and elephants illustrates the depth of the research that has contributed to our understanding in this field. Topics such as vibration production and detection in the particular context of the sender and receiver are reviewed, as well as other anatomic variants relevant to the generation and detection of vibrations, wave architecture and transmission properties of the substrate. The phenomenon of bone conduction adds a separate pathway for detection through the skeleton in mammals, with pressure waves generated by substrate-borne vibrations oscillating the middle-ear bones in the same way as airborne vibrations, which are then processed in the auditory cortex, although having arrived via this alternative pathway. The penultimate chapter provides a summary of field recording methods that should prove useful for investigators new to this field. It should also be helpful to researchers wishing to compare vibration recording techniques applicable to different species or to learn more about equipment and options for recording vibration transmission properties in different media and soil types. The final chapter presents an overview of what is known about the ability of the largest land mammal, the elephant, to detect and interpret vibrations.
Structure and luminescence of a novel orange-yellow-emitting Ca1.62Eu0.38Si5O3N6phosphor for warm white LEDs, discovered by a single-particle-diagnosis approach (2016)

A novel orange-yellow-emitting Ca<sub>1.62</sub>Eu<sub>0.38</sub>Si<sub>5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>N<sub>6</sub>phosphor was discovered by a single-particle-diagnosis approach for UV, or blue LED driven white-LEDs.
High-Speed Flexible Optical Disk for Broadcast Archival Storage (2010)

We developed a prototype of a flexible optical disk (FOD) drive with a mechanical stabilizer. We prepared the FOD that had a high recording sensitivity of a recording layer and had low byte error rates below 2 ×10 -4 at speeds from 36 to 252 Mbps, and examined the recording of video data on the FOD and the drive. We could record and play a high-definition television (HDTV) video (MPEG-2, 422P@HL) seamlessly at 144 Mbps over the entire area of the FOD and the FOD drive with broadcast video systems. We confirmed that the FOD and the FOD drive can record and play HDTV signals for professional broadcast use.
Learning to Tune XGBoost with XGBoost (2019)

In this short paper we investigate whether meta-learning techniques can be used to more effectively tune the hyperparameters of machine learning models using successive halving (SH). We propose a novel variant of the SH algorithm (MeSH), that uses meta-regressors to determine which candidate configurations should be eliminated at each round. We apply MeSH to the problem of tuning the hyperparameters of a gradient-boosted decision tree model. By training and tuning our meta-regressors using existing tuning jobs from 95 datasets, we demonstrate that MeSH can often find a superior solution to both SH and random search.
Clinical Spectrum of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (2016)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is primarily characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons, although there is marked phenotypic heterogeneity between cases. Typical, or "classical," ALS is associated with simultaneous upper motor neuron (UMN) and lower motor neuron (LMN) involvement at disease onset, whereas atypical forms, such as primary lateral sclerosis and progressive muscular atrophy, have early and predominant involvement in the UMN and LMN, respectively. The varying phenotypes can be so distinctive that they would seem to have differing biology. Because the same phenotypes can have multiple causes, including different gene mutations, there may be multiple molecular mechanisms causing ALS, implying that the disease is a syndrome. Conversely, multiple phenotypes can be caused by a single gene mutation; thus, a single molecular mechanism could be compatible with clinical heterogeneity. The pathogenic mechanism(s) in ALS remain unknown, but active propagation of the pathology neuroanatomically is likely a primary component.
Contribution of Polycomb group proteins to olfactory basal stem cell self-renewal in a novel c-KIT+ culture model and in vivo (2016)

Olfactory epithelium (OE) has a lifelong capacity for neurogenesis due to the presence of basal stem cells. Despite the ability to generate short-term cultures, the successful in vitro expansion of purified stem cells from adult OE has not been reported. We sought to establish expansion-competent OE stem cell cultures to facilitate further study of the mechanisms and cell populations important in OE renewal. Successful cultures were prepared using adult mouse basal cells selected for expression of c-KIT. We show that c-KIT signaling regulates self-renewal capacity and prevents neurodifferentiation in culture. Inhibition of TGFβ family signaling, a known negative regulator of embryonic basal cells, is also necessary for maintenance of the proliferative, undifferentiated state in vitro Characterizing successful cultures, we identified expression of BMI1 and other Polycomb proteins not previously identified in olfactory basal cells but known to be essential for self-renewal in other stem cell populations. Inducible fate mapping demonstrates that BMI1 is expressed in vivo by multipotent OE progenitors, validating our culture model. These findings provide mechanistic insights into the renewal and potency of olfactory stem cells.