gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-based analysis of multiple electrode array stimulation for epiretinal visual prostheses (2013)

The ability to exploit the spatial and temporal interactions of stimulation may be critical to improvements in the performance of epiretinal prostheses.
Vermiculite as an Anti-Sag Additive for Water-Based Drilling Fluids (2022)

ABSTRACT: Barite is widely used as a weighing material since it has several advantages such as high specific gravity, readily accessible, and environmentally benign. Even though, several difficulties with barite particle settling particularly at high-pressure high-temperature drilling operations and removal efficiency necessitate further investigation. The utilization of magnesium-aluminum-iron silicate (vermiculite) with its ecofriendly effect was studied in this work as an additive for improving the drilling fluid characteristics. Variable concentration of vermiculite was added to the water-based mud (WBM) to address the static and dynamic sag tendencies at 250 and 120 °F, respectively. Furthermore, the influence of vermiculite on rheological characteristics and filtration performance was studied under HPHT circumstances. The sagging experiments showed that adding 4 lb/bbl vermiculite improved the WBM stability properties by increasing the suspension capacity of barite particles. Also, this amount of vermiculite significantly enhanced the rheological characteristics as the plastic viscosity to yield point ratio (YP/PV) was increased from 1.6 to 2.5. The HPHT filtration showed that 4 lb/bbl decreased the filter cake thickness by 37.5% and reduced the filtrated volume by 39%. 1. INTRODUCTION The solids sagging, thermal breakdown of polymeric compounds, and flocculation are commonly encountered when drilling deep wells with elevated temperature and high-pressure formations (DeAngelis et al., 2011; Kruszewski and Wittig, 2018; Reinsch et al., 2015; Saasen et al., 1995). Therefore, an optimization of the common water-based mud (WBM) with qualified additives becomes necessary to fulfill the challenges in such harsh conditions (Ahmed et al., 2021; Fink, 2015). At WBM, the sagging phenomenon of solids, such as barite, usually exhibits when the temperature reaches 250 °F (Ahmed et al., 2020; Tehrani et al., 2014), resulting in density variation and inconsistent drilling fluid properties which exhibits severe technical, operational, and well control issues; since the mud weight at the upper sections will not maintain the sufficient pressure control, while at the bottom, the precipitation of the solid elevates the equivalent circulation density and raises the potential pipe sticking and loss of circulation (Amighi and Shahbazi, 2010; Bern et al., 1996; Murray et al., 2013; Scott et al., 2004; Wilson, 2014).
Anamnestic responses induced by antigen persisting on follicular dendritic cells from cyclophosphamide-treated mice. (1984)

In contrast to most mouse lymph node cells, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) resist cyclophosphamide (Cy; 300 mg/kg)-mediated destruction in vivo. In this study we sought to determine if antigen-bearing FDCs from Cy-treated animals maintained biological activity. We were especially interested in whether FDCs from Cy-treated animals could stimulate an antibody response when combined with primed spleen cells and whether the FDCs needed to be intact and viable for stimulation to occur. The effect of Cy treatment on lymph node histology, number of T cells and B cells, and the 'spontaneous antibody response' was determined. Cy treatment resulted in a massive depletion of the lymph node cortex and a loss of follicles and germinal centres. Over 90% of B cells in the lymph node were eliminated. The paracortex was more resistant although nearly 80% of T cells were eliminated. Cy treatment also eliminated the 'spontaneous antibody response' as established by in vitro culture or after adoptive transfer. The addition of primed spleen cells to antigen-bearing FDCs including sonicated non-viable FDCs from Cy-treated animals resulted in an anamnestic antibody response. Memory lymphocytes, injected into the hind foot pads of Cy-treated animals, migrated to the follicular area of popliteal lymph nodes and cells from these reconstituted nodes spontaneously responded upon subsequent adoptive transfer. It was concluded that antigen retained on Cy-treated FDCs maintains its immunogenicity and is capable of inducing a 'spontaneous antibody response' or an anamnestic response. Furthermore antigen on FDCs or on fragments of FDCs from one animal can interact with memory cells from another animal to induce a productive antibody response. Lymph nodes enriched for FDCs by Cy treatment should be a good source of FDCs for isolation and further study of the nature of this interaction.
A Study on Performance of MIMO-Relaying Scheme in Heterogeneous Networks (2009)

In the future wireless networks, there can be many network entities with different sizes of cells with different level of transmit power to achieve different level of QoS, which we call ¿heterogeneous network¿. The object of this paper is to study on performance of MIMO-relaying scheme for the relay-based scenario in heterogeneous network. We apply the diversity set decision, which is defined as the set consisted of BS and RSs selected by MS, and PF-ZFBF with greedy algorithm for selecting MS served by BS or RS to system level simulator based on IEEE 802.16 m type TDD-OFDMA downlink. The performance of MIMO-relaying scheme is evaluated in terms of cell throughput and service coverage at 64 kbps user throughput requirement. The cell throughput of cases with relay shows the maximum cell throughput of 21% compared to case without relay. The cases with relay provide higher service coverage than the case without relay.
Extremes of Endogenous Testosterone Are Associated With Increased Risk of Incident Coronary Events in Older Women (2010)

Several lines of evidence suggest that high levels of testosterone are atherogenic in women. The testosterone to estrogen balance in women increases markedly at the time of menopause when central adiposity and the incidence of cardiovascular disease also increase. The view that elevated serum androgen is harmful to the female heart is also supported by the occurrence of hyperandrogenemia, an adverse coronary heart disease (CHD) risk profile, and endothelial dysfunction in young women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. However, there has been no consistent increase in CHD events and mortality in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Moreover, recent studies have found that women with atherosclerotic disease have low serum levels of testosterone suggesting that unlike high levels, low levels of this hormone may have beneficial effects on the female heart. This prospective, population-based study evaluated the effects of total testosterone (total T) and bioavailable T (BioT) levels on the risk of incident coronary events among 639 older community-dwelling postmenopausal women. During a median follow-up of 12.3 year, 134 women had an incident CHD event; of these, 45 were nonfatal myocardial infarctions (MIs), 10 were coronary revascularizations, and 79 were fatal MIs. Multivariate regression analysis showed that age-adjusted CHD risk estimates were similar for the four highest total T quintiles relative to the lowest; this suggests a low threshold for incident events with total T. Age-adjusted analyses showed that compared to higher levels, the lowest total T quintile (≤80 pg/mL) was associated with a significant increase in the risk of incident CHD (hazard ratio [HR], 1.62; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.39, P = 0.017). With BioT, age-adjusted quintile analyses suggested a U-shaped association for risk of incident CHD (P for quadratic trend <0.001). Both the lowest (low BioT) and the highest (high BioT) quintiles were associated with a significantly increased age-adjusted risk of incident CHD (HR for low BioT:1.79, with a 95% CI of 1.03–3.16, P = 0.046), and HR for high BioT: 1.96, with a 95% CI of 1.13–3.41, P = 0.022). Adjustment for other variables, including lifestyle characteristics, adiposity, estradiol, and ovarian status had a minimal effect on the results. These findings show that low levels of total T and high levels of BioT are independently associated with higher risk of incident CHD events in community-dwelling postmenopausal women. The data suggest that an optimal range of testosterone may exist for cardiovascular health in older women.
Off-resonance properties of a photoelastic modulator (2005)

Polarization modulation in photo-elastic modulators (PEM) driven on and off resonance has been investigated for a commercially available PEM using a high speed infrared (lambda=1550 nm) polarimeter. Off-resonance operation was explored in the hope of finding a slower operating mode than the primary resonance. The primary resonance, used for normal PEM operation, was 5 Hz wide with a Q of 8500. The phase transfer function was well behaved and typical of electrical resonances. Device startup and shutdown had smooth amplitude changes occurring over 1/3rd of a second. The photo-elastic modulator was examined at drive frequencies significantly below the resonant frequency. Driving the PEM with several odd sub-harmonics generated resonance at the fundamental frequency. Three other lower frequency resonances were discovered, but all at an oscillation amplitude more than 12 db below the amplitude of the fundamental resonance. Thus a practical configuration to allow slower operation of the PEM was not found.
Passive Wireless Pressure Gradient Measurement System for Fluid Flow Analysis (2023)

Using distributed MEMS pressure sensors to measure small flow rates in high resistance fluidic channels is fraught with challenges far beyond the performance of the pressure sensing element. In a typical core-flood experiment, which may last several months, flow-induced pressure gradients are generated in porous rock core samples wrapped in a polymer sheath. Measuring these pressure gradients along the flow path requires high resolution pressure measurement while contending with difficult test conditions such as large bias pressures (up to 20 bar) and temperatures (up to 125 °C), as well as the presence of corrosive fluids. This work is directed at a system for using passive wireless inductive-capacitive (LC) pressure sensors that are distributed along the flow path to measure the pressure gradient. The sensors are wirelessly interrogated with readout electronics placed exterior to the polymer sheath for continuous monitoring of experiments. Using microfabricated pressure sensors that are smaller than ø15 × 3.0 mm<sup>3</sup>, an LC sensor design model for minimizing pressure resolution, accounting for sensor packaging and environmental artifacts is investigated and experimentally validated. A test setup, built to provide fluid-flow pressure differentials to LC sensors with conditions that mimic placement of the sensors within the wall of the sheath, is used to test the system. Experimental results show the microsystem operating over full-scale pressure range of 20,700 mbar and temperatures up to 125 °C, while achieving pressure resolution of <1 mbar, and resolving gradients of 10-30 mL/min, which are typical in core-flood experiments.
Recent advances in detection and healing of streaks caused by dust in a sheetfed scanner (2018)

Sheetfed scanners are widely used for scanning stacks of loose pages at high speed. The scanhead in the sheet-fed scanners is stationary and the page is fed with an automatic document feeder. When dust particles get stuck onto the scanner glass, they reflect the incident light and cause vertical streaks in the scanned images. These artifacts are known as dust streaks. We have developed a method for detecting dust streaks and the results were published in our previous paper [1]. In this study, we have refined our features for dust detection and added features for detecting tables. In addition, we looked into two methods for healing defective images: an exemplar based method and a diffusion based method. We applied these methods to remove dust streaks, punch holes, and torn corners from scanned images.
Efficacy and toxicity of high‐risk therapy of the Dutch Childhood Oncology Group in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2021)

The high survival with HR blocks seems favorable compared with other studies. However, the limit of treatment intensification might have been reached as the number of patients dying from leukemia relapse is about equal as the number of patients dying from toxicity. Patients with negative or low MRD levels during HR blocks have lower relapse rates.
<title>New approach to inter-slice coding of magnetic resonance images</title> (1994)

In this paper we present an inter-slice coding scheme for magnetic resonance (MR) image sequences which is based on a triangular matching technique. This scheme provides a powerful tool for MR image sequence compression since there exists a great deal of deformation between contiguous slices of 3D MR data. The proposed inter-slice coding scheme takes advantage of triangular deformation to remove redundancies in the third dimension. A residual image is formed by estimating and compensating for the triangular deformation in the previous slice, and subtracting this from the original slice. The DCT is used to de-correlate the residue signal. DC components are encoded losslessly using DPCM and Huffman codes. Different banks of entropy-constraint scalar quantizers are designed for the AC components. Each AC coefficient is encoded using an appropriate scalar codebook subject to a bit-allocation procedure. The new inter-slice coding scheme is tested on an MR heart sequence. It shows superior results over intra-slice and other inter-slice schemes. The compressed images displayed on the monitor are imperceptible from the original at our lowest bit-rates.
Dwell Time Prolongation and Identification of Single Nucleotides Passing through a Solid-State Nanopore by Using Ammonium Sulfate Aqueous Solution (2023)

The ionic current blockades when poly(dT)<sub>60</sub> or dNTPs passed through SiN nanopores in an aqueous solution containing (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> were investigated. The dwell time of poly(dT)<sub>60</sub> in the nanopores in an aqueous solution containing (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was significantly longer compared to that in an aqueous solution that did not contain (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. This dwell time prolongation effect due to the aqueous solution containing (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> was also confirmed when dCTP passed through the nanopores. In addition, when the nanopores were fabricated via dielectric breakdown in the aqueous solution containing (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, the dwell time prolongation effect for dCTP still occurred even after the aqueous solution was displaced with the aqueous solution without (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Furthermore, we measured the ionic current blockades when the four types of dNTPs passed through the same nanopore, and the four types of dNTPs could be statistically identified according to their current blockade values.
Removal of Nanoceria Abrasive Particles by Using Diluted SC1 and Non-Ionic Surfactant (2021)

Nanoceria abrasives have received intensive attention in the process of shallow trench isolation (STI) polishing since it can result in less scratch. However, the nanoceria particles are very difficult to remove after chemical mechanical polishing. In this study, it is found that by adding AEO-20, a nonionic surfactant with appropriate concentration in the SC1 (H 2 O 2 : NH 4 OH: H 2 O = 1: 1: 5 v/v/v) and SC1 solution with diluted ratio up to 10, the nanoceria abrasive particles on the contaminated SiO 2 wafers can be completely removed. Multiple measurement results show that the SC1 can react with Ce 3+ and form Ce 4+ in the ceria slurry, and the Ce 3+ will slightly react with AEO-20 while Ce 4+ will not. It is concluded that AEO-20 will adsorb on the nanoceria particles and will not change the repulsive force between ceria and SiO 2 . The adsorbed surfactant will lift the particles off the SiO 2 surface while the slight reaction between AEO-20 and Ce 3+ will accelerate the lift-off process.
Passive Light Power Control Enabled by Nanotechnology (2008)

The need to regulate and control light power is relevant not only for sophisticated communication systems but also to everyday optical equipment such as consumer point-andshoot cameras or even a common car rear-view mirror. We explore the unique capabilities and advantages of nanotechnology in developing next generation non-linear components and devices to control and regulate optical power in a passive way. We report on passive optical power control devices base d on a range of photonic nanostructures. We present the optical fuse, limiter and our next generation solution the Dynamic Sunlight Filter (DSF).
Stable Transgenic Expression of IL-2 and HSV1-tk by Single and Fusion Tumor Cell Lines Bearing EWS/FLI-1 Chimeric Genes (2003)

In augmenting systemic anti-tumor immune response, the authors evaluated the genetic modification of Ewing family tumor (EFT) cell lines for use as allogeneic vaccines. EFT cell lines A673 and RD-ES were transfected with cDNAs for human interleukin (IL)-2 and/or HSV1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk), respectively. Clones with high and stable secretion of IL-2 alone or with coexpression of functional HSV1-tk were obtained and their features were analyzed. IL-2 expressing clones derived from the A673 cell line demonstrated decreased expression of HLA class I molecules compared with the parental cell line and corresponding clones derived from RD-ES. However, IFN-gamma could upregulate the expression of HLA class I antigens by IL-2 transfected A673 cells. Ganciclovir induced apoptosis in double-transfected cell clones. IL-2/HSV1-tk cells continued to produce and release IL-2 after initial ganciclovir treatment. After gamma-irradiation, transfected clones released bioactive IL-2 in a quantity sufficient to activate T and natural killer cells in culture. A polyvalent allogeneic vaccine was also obtained using fusion of two different transgenic cell lines. The resulting hybrids inherited antigenic and transgenic characteristics of both parental cell lines. It is presumed that the cell lines generated here could be used as allogeneic vaccines for treatment of patients with EFTs.
Modeling nonuniform irradiance and chromatic aberration effects in a four junction solar cell using SPICE (2014)

A two-dimensional, distributed resistance model for a four junction solar cell is implemented in SPICE. Efficiency estimates for Gaussian irradiance profiles with different peak-to-average ratios (PAR) are determined via grid optimization at concentrations of 500, 1000 and 2000 suns. Optimizing finger spacing for a PAR of 6 improves cell efficiency by 1.8% (absolute) at 2000 suns compared to that observed from finger spacing optimized for a uniform illumination. To address the impact of chromatic aberration on cell efficiency, a CPV system is modeled in Zemax for a geometric concentration of 1250X. Using a finger spacing optimized for uniform irradiance at the average optical efficiency of 82%, the neglect of chromatic aberration was found to overstate system efficiency by 3% (absolute).
Relationship Between Subjective Fatigue by Exercise and Stress Hormone and Cytokine Variables (2011)

激運動を実験モデルとして，運動によって生じる自覚的な疲労度と，血中ストレスホルモンおよびサイトカインとの関連性を検討した．対象は運動経験のある健康な男性 8 名とした．実験では激運動と 2 時間の休息後にパフォーマンステストを実施した．運動前，運動直後，2 時間の休息後，パフォーマンステスト後に計 4 回採血を実施した．自覚的疲労度の指標として，visual analogue scale (VAS) を測定した．VAS は，激運動後，パフォーマンステスト後ともに有意に上昇し，運動による疲労度を捉えていた．血液検査では，乳酸，アドレナリン，ノルアドレナリン，成長ホルモン，interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 が，各運動後に有意に上昇し，運動による生体反応を捉えていた．自覚的疲労度との関連では，乳酸，IL-6 に有意な正の相関を認め，激運動による運動モデルにおいて，乳酸，IL-6 が客観的な疲労の指標になりうる可能性が示唆された．
Supplementary Methods from Fc Optimization of Therapeutic Antibodies Enhances Their Ability to Kill Tumor Cells <i>In vitro</i> and Controls Tumor Expansion <i>In vivo</i> via Low-Affinity Activating Fcγ Receptors (2023)

Supplementary Methods from Fc Optimization of Therapeutic Antibodies Enhances Their Ability to Kill Tumor Cells &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and Controls Tumor Expansion &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; via Low-Affinity Activating Fcγ Receptors
BGP Flow-Spec Redirect to Tunnel Action (2016)

This draft defines a new flow-spec action, Redirect-to-Tunnel, and a
new sub-TLV for Redirect-to-Tunnel extended community. A BGP UPDATE
for a flow-spec NLRI can contain the extended community. When
activated, the corresponding flow packets will be encapsulated and
carried via a tunnel. The redirect tunnel information is encoded in
BGP Path Attribute or extended community [TUNNELENCAPS][MPP] that is
carried in the BGP flow-spec UPDATE. The draft expends the tunnel
encapsulation attribute [TUNNELENCAPS] to apply to flow-spec SAFI,
i.e., 133 and 134.
Luminescence and scintillation properties of Cs 2 ZnCl 4 and Cs 3 ZnCl 5 (2020)

Abstract Fast scintillation materials based on the ternary halide crystals of Cs 2 ZnCl 4 and Cs 3 ZnCl 5 were synthesized. Under X-ray irradiation, an emission band at 310 nm with shoulders at 260 and 410 nm was observed for Cs 2 ZnCl 4 , and emission bands at 240, 290, and 390 nm were observed for Cs 3 ZnCl 5 . The observed bands were primarily attributable to Auger-free luminescence (AFL). In the temporal scintillation profiles, scintillation decay time constants of 1.7 and 1.1 ns were found for Cs 2 ZnCl 4 and Cs 3 ZnCl 5 , respectively. These fast components are attributed to AFL and constituted greater than 88% of the total scintillation amount. On the basis of the pulse height spectra, the light yields of Cs 2 ZnCl 4 and Cs 3 ZnCl 5 were estimated to be 1280 and 440 photons MeV −1 , respectively. The light yield of the fast component of Cs 2 ZnCl 4 was slightly lower than that of BaF 2 , which is a commercially available fast scintillator exhibiting AFL.
Periodic neglect after frontoparietal lesions provides causal evidence for rhythmic attention sampling (2022)

Summary Contemporary models conceptualize spatial attention as a blinking spotlight that sequentially samples visual space. Hence, behavior fluctuates over time even in states of presumed ‘sustained’ attention. Recent evidence suggested that rhythmic neural activity in the frontoparietal network constitutes the functional basis of rhythmic attentional sampling. However, causal evidence to support this notion remains absent. Using a lateralized spatial attention task, we addressed this issue in patients with focal lesions in the frontoparietal attention network. Our results uncovered that frontoparietal lesions introduce periodic neglect, i.e., temporally-specific behavioral deficits that were aligned with the underlying neural oscillations. Attention-guided perceptual sensitivity was on par with healthy controls during optimal phases but attenuated during the less excitable sub-cycles. Theta-dependent sampling (3 – 8 Hz) was causally dependent on prefrontal cortex, while alpha-band sampling (8 – 14 Hz) emerged from parietal areas. Collectively, our findings reveal that lesion-induced high amplitude, low frequency brain activity is not epiphenomenal, but has immediate behavioral consequences. More generally, these results provide causal evidence for the hypothesis that the functional architecture of attention is inherently rhythmic.
Associations Between Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer and Ganglion Cell Layer in Middle Age and Cognition From Childhood to Adulthood (2022)

RNFL and GCL thickness in middle age was associated with cognitive performance in childhood and adulthood, and thinner RNFL with a decline in processing speed between childhood and adulthood. These data emphasize the potential utility of OCT measures as biomarkers of cognitive function; however, further longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether retinal thinning precedes cognitive decline and whether other confounding factors may account for this association.