gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer vaccines: is the future now? (2002)

Cancer immunotherapy is an area with a tremendous amount of promise. The field has matured in that the approaches and antigens appear very specific and highly reasonable. Furthermore, the pre-clinical models support their evaluation. In fact, the human immune responses against many of the vaccines are approaching thresholds that should start to impact disease. While the creativity and progress in technology was clearly evident, there is much work left to pursue. Clear evidence for this situation is reflected the low number of products and approaches that are in late-stage trials. This again reflects that many apparently promising technologies have trouble making the transition from mouse to human. However, the success in the antibody field strongly supports that once understood, the correct immunization strategies and antigens will have dramatic impact on disease. One improvement would be some optimization of approaches at least for immunogenicity in nonhuman primates. Another important issue for standardization, is to focus on the use of quantitative immune measurement systems rather than a reliance on bulk assay systems for decision-making. Such a minor change would allow more standardization of data interpretation across the field and allow for more rapid and intuitive vector evaluation, even if trials were not head to head. In this regard, the development of class II tetramer technology to the evaluation of tumor antigens where available would be a welcome advance. Furthermore, in general, flow-based assays for immune evaluation are similarly gaining acceptance. It is important to remember that the success of recent antibody products for lymphoma and breast cancer did not happen overnight. Rather, those successes were 20 years in the making. In this regard, for cancer immunotherapy, which is T-cell based, this similar anniversary is not yet upon us but it is getting close. The next few years are critical to this emerging field and likely to be full of promise, surprises and even success.
Genomic approaches to the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancy (2001)

Recent advances in genome technologies and computational biology have facilitated genome-wide views of hematologic malignancy. In particular, comparative gene expression methods using DNA microarrays have allowed for the analysis of gene expression patterns in both primary patient material and model systems of hematopoietic development. This review provides an overview of the basic technologies underlying these approaches and provides a summary of recent progress in the genome-wide molecular classification of human acute leukemias and lymphomas and of initial attempts to define oncogene-mediated transcriptional programs using DNA microarrays.
Acyl Metal Functions (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Genetic association studies in VLBW infants exemplifying susceptibility to sepsis—recent findings and implications for future research (2006)

Up-to-date, the classical approach to investigate the genetic component of susceptibility to sepsis in VLBW infants by means of twin and concordance studies has not been implemented yet. Regarding the interpretation of data from current genetic association studies, one should be aware of significant differences in cohort size, study design and definition of cases, controls and clinical end points. Furthermore, the contribution of genetic variants to susceptibility to sepsis may be specifically influenced by the immaturity of the immune response in VLBW infants, the selectivity of responsiveness to certain pathogens and the genotopyic/phenotypic variability of pathogens. We provide implications for the conduct and evaluation of future association studies with particular reference to methodological quality standards.
Pathological and 3 Tesla Volumetric Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predictors of Biochemical Recurrence after Robotic Assisted Radical Prostatectomy: Correlation with Whole Mount Histopathology (2017)

In this cohort tumor volume on magnetic resonance imaging and pathological variables, including Gleason score, staging and positive surgical margins, significantly predicted biochemical recurrence. This suggests an important new imaging biomarker.
Modulation, Coding, and Synchronization for Mobile and Small Satellite Terminals: An Update of the DVB-S2 Standard (2014)

After ten years of successful deployment, the second generation satellite standard for digital video broadcasting, DVB-S2, has been updated to include very low signal-to-noise ratio modes to better support mobile and very small terminal applications without changing its fundamental structure. This paper provides a high level discussion on several of the most important aspects of the updated standard.
Automatically evaluating balance using machine learning and data from a single inertial measurement unit (2021)

Unprocessed data from an inertial measurement unit used as input to a machine learning model produced accurate estimates of balance performance. The ability to learn from unprocessed data presents a potentially generalizable approach for assessing balance without the need for labor-intensive feature engineering, while maintaining comparable model performance.
Guidance for Methods Descriptions Used in Preclinical Imaging Papers (2013)

Preclinical molecular imaging is a rapidly growing field, where new imaging systems, methods, and biological findings are constantly being developed or discovered. Imaging systems and the associated software usually have multiple options for generating data, which is often overlooked but is essential when reporting the methods used to create and analyze data. Similarly, the ways in which animals are housed, handled, and treated to create physiologically based data must be well described in order that the findings be relevant, useful, and reproducible. There are frequently new developments for metabolic imaging methods. Thus, specific reporting requirements are difficult to establish; however, it remains essential to adequately report how the data have been collected, processed, and analyzed. To assist with future manuscript submissions, this article aims to provide guidelines of what details to report for several of the most common imaging modalities. Examples are provided in an attempt to give comprehensive, succinct descriptions of the essential items to report about the experimental process.
Effect of the PB2 and M Genes on the Replication of H6 Influenza Virus in Chickens (2014)

H6 subtype influenza viruses are commonly isolated from wild aquatic birds. However, limited information is available regarding H6 influenza virus isolated from chickens. We compared the viral genome segment between A/chicken/Hong Kong/W312/97 (H6N1), which was able to grow in chicken trachea, and A/duck/Shantou/5540/01 (H6N2), which was isolated from wild aquatic duck, to explore the factors for effective replication in chicken. When chickens were inoculated with 7 + 1 reassortants (W312 background), the replication of viruses with PB2 and M genes derived from the duck strain was significantly reduced. Chimeras of PB2 and M proteins, encoding the C-terminal region of the PB2 protein and the M2 protein from W312, were required for efficient replication in canine-derived (MDCK) cells and in chicken trachea. These results indicate that host range may be determined by some types of internal proteins such as PB2 and M2, as well as by surface glycoprotein like hemagglutinin.
Extremely low-profile circular patch-ring antenna with a shorting via for impedance matching improvement (2017)

An extremely low-profile circular patch-ring antenna with omnidirectional radiation patterns is proposed in this paper. By simply introducing a shorting via, the impedance matching of the antenna is improved, where both TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">31</sub> mode and TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">32</sub> mode are excited efficiently to realize a dual resonance behavior. The designed antenna covers the Wi-Fi band of 2.4-2.48 GHz with the realized gain of over 1.5 dBi and the thickness of 0.005λ (λ is the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency in free space). Since the antenna is not sensitive to size of ground plane, it is suitable to be mounted on different metallic platforms.
Convenient preparations of 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene and 1-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadiene (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient preparations of 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadiene and 1-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadieneDavid. Feitler and George M. WhitesidesCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1976, 15, 2, 466–469Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50156a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50156a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1351Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and hypoglycemic activity of substituted 8-(1-piperazinyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines (1992)

A series of alkyl- and halo-substituted 8-(1-piperazinyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines were prepared using two approaches, the condensation of alpha-halocarbonyl derivatives with an aminopyrazine or the oxidation-dehydration of a [(beta-hydroxyalkyl)amino]pyrazine. These imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines were evaluated for their binding affinity to the alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2 adrenergic receptors as well as their ability to lower blood glucose in insulin resistant hyperglycemic ob/ob mice. Modifications on 8-(1-piperazinyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine (4) reduced alpha 2 binding, lowered hypoglycemic potency, and showed variations in binding to the alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2 adrenergic receptors. In addition to 4, the 2-methyl, 3-methyl, and 5-methyl 8-(1-piperazinyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines (16k, 25m, and 16f, respectively) displayed high affinity for the alpha 2 receptor and were potent hypoglycemic agents when compared to 2-amino-7,8-dihydro-4-(1-piperazinyl)-6H-thiopyrano[3,2- d]pyrimidine (MTP-1403, 2). Receptor binding was modified by use of a 4-methylpiperazine moiety which reduced alpha 1 and beta 1 binding while retaining some hypoglycemic activity. The structure-activity relationship for heterocyclic alkyl and halo substitution on biological activity is discussed.
Performance of Caching Algorithms for IPTV On-Demand Services (2009)

Due to its native return channel and its ability to easily address each user individually an IPTV system is very well suited to offer on-demand services. Those services are becoming more popular as there is an undeniable trend that users want to watch the offered content when and where it suits them best. Because multicast can no longer be relied upon for such services, as was the case when offering linear-programming TV, this trend risks to increase the traffic unwieldy over some parts of the IPTV network unless caches are deployed in strategic places within it. Since caches are limited in size and the popularity of on-demand content is volatile (i.e., changing over time), it is not straightforward to decide which objects to cache at which moment in time. This paper introduces and studies a caching algorithm that tracks the popularity of objects to make intelligent caching decisions. We will show that when its parameters are set equal or close to their optimal values this algorithm outperforms traditional algorithms as LRU (least-recently used) and LFU (least-frequently used). After a generic study of the algorithm fed by a user demand model that takes the volatility of the objects into account we will discuss two particular cases of an on-demand service, video-on-demand and catch-up TV, for each of which we give guidelines on how to dimension their associated caches.
313 Stress Field Evaluation around Clustered Shrinkage Pores in Die Cast Aluminum Alloy (2010)

The mechanical properties of the clustered shrinkage pores in high-pressure die cast aluminum alloy ADC 12 were evaluated through the serial sectioning experiment and the image-based finite element analyses. We have investigated the effect of pores on the fatigue strength, and found a mechanical significance of the clustered shrinkage pores, which considerably undermines the strength of die cast aluminum alloys. In this study, we constructed twenty three unit cell models for the homogenization analysis based on the three-dimensional image of a clustered shrinkage pore. From the homogenization analysis and uniaxial extension analysis, we obtained the equivalent elastic constants and the micro stress concentration factor as a function with respect to the porosity volume fraction.
A facile one pot synthesis of 1‐alkylbenzimidazoline‐2‐thiones (1989)

Abstract Reactions of benziraidazoline‐2‐thione with alkyl halides in the presence of sodium naphthalenide in tetra‐hydrofuran at room temperature under a nitrogen atmosphere afforded 1‐alkyl‐2‐alkylthiobenzimidazoles in excellent yields, which underwent a bond cleavage between S and C of alkyl group to give excellent yields of 1‐alkylbenzimidazoline‐2‐thiones by the treatment with an additional amount of sodium naphthalenide.
On the User Selection for MIMO Broadcast Channels (2006)

In this paper, a downlink communication system, in which a Base Station (BS) equipped with $M$ antennas communicates with $N$ users each equipped with $K$ receive antennas, is considered. An efficient suboptimum algorithm is proposed for selecting a set of users in order to maximize the sum-rate throughput of the system. For the asymptotic case when $N$ tends to infinity, the necessary and sufficient conditions in order to achieve the maximum sum-rate throughput, such that the difference between the achievable sum-rate and the maximum value approaches zero, is derived. The complexity of our algorithm is investigated in terms of the required amount of feedback from the users to the base station, as well as the number of searches required for selecting the users. It is shown that the proposed method is capable of achieving a large portion of the sum-rate capacity, with a very low complexity.
Soft‐Robotik (2018)

Abstract Diese Beschreibung des Feldes “Soft‐Robotik” soll kein normaler Übersichtsartikel im Sinne einer umfangreichen technischen Zusammenfassung eines sich entwickelnden Feldes sein. Stattdessen ist das Ziel, die Soft‐Robotik als neues Feld zu beschreiben – eines, das Gelegenheiten für Chemiker und Materialwissenschaftler bietet, die es mögen “Dinge” zu bauen und mit makroskopischen Objekten zu arbeiten, die sich bewegen und Kräfte ausüben. Er wird eine (persönliche) Sicht darauf bieten, was Soft‐Aktuatoren und ‐Roboter sind und wie diese Klasse von Soft‐Geräten in das höher entwickelte Feld der konventionellen “Hart”‐Roboter passt. Er wird auch ansprechen wie und warum Soft‐Robotik mehr als nur ein kleiner technischer “Kniff” der Hart‐Robotik ist und eine einzigartige Rolle für die Chemie und die Materialwissenschaften in diesem Feld vorschlagen. In ihrem Kern ist die Soft‐Robotik geistig und technologisch anders als Hart‐Robotik, sowohl weil sie andere Zielsetzungen und Verwendungszwecke hat, als auch weil sie darauf beruht, dass Materialeigenschaften viele Rollen übernehmen, die in der Hart‐Robotik Sensoren, Aktuatoren und Regler einnehmen.
Ionic Liquids for the Nuclear Industry: A Radiochemical, Structural, and Electrochemical Investigation (2002)

The applicability of ionic liquids within the nuclear industry has been investigated. The radiation stability of ionic liquids containing dialkylimidazolium cations has been tested through with alpha, beta and gamma irradiation. The results of these tests suggest that imidazolium salts have stabilities similar to alkylbenzenes and greater than tetrabutylphosphate / odorless kerosene (TBP/OK) mixtures. The oxidative dissolution of uranium dioxide and the anodic dissolution of uranium metal and plutonium metal have been carried out in various ionic liquid media
Structurally Simple Pyridine N‐Oxides as Efficient Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Allylation of Aromatic Aldehydes. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
HIGH-RATE PHASE COHERENT ACOUSTIC COMMUNICATION: A REVIEW OF A DECADE O F RESEARCH AND A PER SPECTIVE ON FUTURE CHALLENGES (2004)

Slightly more than 10 years ago the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Northeastern University published a new algorithm for multi-channel adaptive equalization along with results of using that algorithm to successfully decode long-range, high-rate, acoustic communication transmissions. In the years since the authors have built on this foundation to improve and adapt the core algorithm for different acoustic environments and applications, incorpo rating Doppler compensation, selectable filter update algorithms, and error-correction capability. The resulting structures are used as the core for receivers operating in a multi-user environment, and for reception of multiple, simultaneous data streams in a MIMO environment. Significant challenges remain, in particular, selection of equalizer parameters (for example, the number of filter taps) based on acoustic channel conditions to optimize receiver performance in a time-varying environment. New approach es to receivers include channel estimation with the goal of both faster adaptation and receiver parameter self-optimization.
Design and Comparison of Radial Flux Magnetic Levitation Systems Based on Conventional and Buried Permanent Magnet Types Rotors (2018)

This paper presents design, analysis and comparison of a radial flux 8-slot magnetic levitation system for two different rotor structures. The magnet-less rotor or conventional and buried-magnet rotor topologies are investigated in detail. 1 Dimensional (1D) magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) analyses are performed to demonstrate the fundamentals of levitation for two rotor types. 2D finite element analyses (FEA) are also carried out to compare the two structures and to illustrate the benefits of permanent magnet (PM) rotor. Magnetic levitation prototypes with two different rotor structures are built and tested. Results obtained from MEC, FEA and experimental system illustrate that there exists good agreement. It is concluded that buried-magnet rotor type magnetic levitation system has more benefits as opposed to conventional rotor type levitation system design in terms of current and losses.
Evidence of Differential HLA Class I-Mediated Viral Evolution in Functional and Accessory/Regulatory Genes of HIV-1 (2007)

Despite the formidable mutational capacity and sequence diversity of HIV-1, evidence suggests that viral evolution in response to specific selective pressures follows generally predictable mutational pathways. Population-based analyses of clinically derived HIV sequences may be used to identify immune escape mutations in viral genes; however, prior attempts to identify such mutations have been complicated by the inability to discriminate active immune selection from virus founder effects. Furthermore, the association between mutations arising under in vivo immune selection and disease progression for highly variable pathogens such as HIV-1 remains incompletely understood. We applied a viral lineage-corrected analytical method to investigate HLA class I-associated sequence imprinting in HIV protease, reverse transcriptase (RT), Vpr, and Nef in a large cohort of chronically infected, antiretrovirally naïve individuals. A total of 478 unique HLA-associated polymorphisms were observed and organized into a series of "escape maps," which identify known and putative cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes under selection pressure in vivo. Our data indicate that pathways to immune escape are predictable based on host HLA class I profile, and that epitope anchor residues are not the preferred sites of CTL escape. Results reveal differential contributions of immune imprinting to viral gene diversity, with Nef exhibiting far greater evidence for HLA class I-mediated selection compared to other genes. Moreover, these data reveal a significant, dose-dependent inverse correlation between HLA-associated polymorphisms and HIV disease stage as estimated by CD4(+) T cell count. Identification of specific sites and patterns of HLA-associated polymorphisms across HIV protease, RT, Vpr, and Nef illuminates regions of the genes encoding these products under active immune selection pressure in vivo. The high density of HLA-associated polymorphisms in Nef compared to other genes investigated indicates differential HLA class I-driven evolution in different viral genes. The relationship between HLA class I-associated polymorphisms and lower CD4(+) cell count suggests that immune escape correlates with disease status, supporting an essential role of maintenance of effective CTL responses in immune control of HIV-1. The design of preventative and therapeutic CTL-based vaccine approaches could incorporate information on predictable escape pathways.
High prevalence of reduced fertility and use of assisted reproductive technology in a German cohort of patients with peripartum cardiomyopathy (2022)

Subfertility occurred frequently among PPCM patients and was associated with increased age, hormonal disorders, higher twin pregnancy rate and high prevalence of pathogenic gene variants suggesting a causal relationship between subfertility and PPCM. Although this study found no evidence that the ART treatment per se increases the risk for PPCM or the risk for an adverse outcome, women with subfertility should be closely monitored for signs of peripartum heart failure.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation and Aldol Reactions of Acyl Derivatives of N‐1‐(1′‐Naphthyl)ethyl‐O‐tert‐butylhydroxylamine: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Alkoxy‐, α‐Substituted‐β‐alkoxy‐ and α,β‐Dialkoxyaldehydes. (2010)

Abstract Alternatively, the chiral auxiliary promotes aldol reactions to give syn‐aldol products such as (XIII), (XVI), or (XX) with good diastereocontrol over both newly generated stereogenic centers.