gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tierexperimentelle Studie zum Einsatz eines neuen Endoskops (R-scope) für die en-bloc Resektion im Magen (2006)

Hintergrund/Fragestellung: Neue endoskopische Submukosa-Dissektionsverfahren (ESD) ermöglichen die en-bloc Resektion von neoplastischen Läsionen mit einem Durchmesser über 2cm. Dabei wird der Tumor nach einer Unterspritzung zirkulär umschnitten (Isolation) und anschließend mit einem speziellen Messer von der Submukosa präpariert (Dissektion). Die folgende Studie testete ein neues Endoskop (R-scope) zur ESD, das über zwei Arbeitskanäle und einen zweiten Biegemechanismus am Distalende verfügt. Im Unterschied zu einem regulären Doppelkanalendoskop kann das über den Arbeitskanal vorgebrachte Messer horizontal bewegt werden. So kann die Läsion gleichzeitig mit einer Zange angehoben und mit einem Messer von der Submukosa abpräpariert werden. Der zweite Biegemechanismus ermöglicht einen variablen Abstand bzw. Arbeitswinkel zur Läsion. Methode: Das Endoskop wurde zur Resektion von 16 zuvor festgelegten Regionen mit einem Durchmesser von 4cm im Magen von acht anästhesierten Schweinen (30–40kg) eingesetzt (Antrum n=4, Korpus n=7, Kardia n=5, kleine Kurvatur n=7, große Kurvatur n=9). Die Läsion wurde markiert und mit einer farbstoffverdünnten physiologischen Kochsalzlösung unterspritzt. Die Umschneidung der artifiziellen Läsion erfolgte mit unterschiedlichen endoskopischen Messern (Flex-knife n=2, Hook-knife n=3, insulated tip-knife n=5, triangle-knife n=6), die bei schwierigem Zugang gewechselt werden konnten. Die Läsion wurde angehoben und sukzessive von der Submukosa mit dem Ziel einer en-bloc Resektion abpräpariert. Ergebnisse: Der zusätzliche Biegemechanismus des Distalendes wurde in allen Fällen benutzt und erleichterte die Resektion. Die mediane Dauer zur Isolierung und Dissektion der Läsion betrug 18 (8–69) und 55 (9–120) Minuten. Mithilfe des R-scopes gelang die gleichzeitige Anhebung und Dissektion der Läsion in allen Fällen. Die ESD gelang in 13 von 16 Fällen (81%). Der mediane Durchmesser der resezierten Läsionen betrug 40mm (range 37–100mm). In 2 Fällen blieb die Resektion inkomplett, in einem Fall war die Resektion nach einer Perforation nicht möglich. Zwei weitere Perforationen konnten konservativ beherrscht werden. Nicht hämodynamisch relevante interventionelle Blutungen (n=7) konnten durch Diathermie (n=6) oder Clips (n=1) zum Stillstand gebracht werden. Zusammenfassung: Das R-scope verbessert die ESD größerer mukosaler Areale im Tierversuch. Es erleichtert die Übersicht bei der Präparation und die Führung der endoskopischen Messer, die entsprechend der anatomischen Gegebenheiten ausgesucht werden sollten.
Bridged fac‐Tricarbonylrhenium(I)–Biscarbene Complexes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Molecular Dynamics (2010)

Abstract Six new biscarbene complexes of the type fac ‐[(CO) 3 Re I Br(L)], where L represents a chelating bis(N‐heterocyclic carbene) ligand consisting of two alkylene‐bridged (R′), N ‐substituted (R) imidazoline moieties (1,1′‐diR‐3,3′‐R′‐diimidazoline‐2,2′‐diylidene), were synthesized. Spectroscopic methods and X‐ray crystallography were employed to characterize the complexes in solution and the solid state. The observed dynamic behavior of the complexes in solution was examined in more detail by temperature‐dependent 1 H NMR experiments and further analyzed by DFT calculations.
Automatic Soccer Video Analysis and Summarization (2003)

We propose a fully automatic and computationally efficient framework for analysis and summarization of soccer videos using cinematic and object-based features. The proposed framework includes some novel low-level soccer video processing algorithms, such as <i>dominant color region detection, robust shot boundary detection,</i> and <i>shot classification</i>, as well as some higher-level algorithms for <i>goal detection, referee detection</i>, and <i>penalty-box detection</i>. The system can output three types of summaries: i) all slow-motion segments in a game, ii) all goals in a game, and iii) slow-motion segments classified according to object-based features. The first two types of summaries are based on cinematic features only for speedy processing, while the summaries of the last type contain higher-level semantics. The proposed framework is efficient, effective, and robust for soccer video processing. It is <i>efficient</i> in the sense that there is no need to compute object-based features when cinematic features are sufficient for the detection of certain events, e.g. goals in soccer. It is <i>effective</i> in the sense that the framework can also employ <i>object-based features </i>when needed to increase accuracy (at the expense of more computation). The efficiency, effectiveness, and the robustness of the proposed framework are demonstrated over a large data set, consisting of more than 13 hours of soccer video, captured at different countries and conditions.
Intelligent industrial Processes : Automatic Control Perspective (2014)

Intelligent Industrial Processes is an area of excellence in research and innovation at Luleå University of Technology (LTU), which was formed to promote multi-disciplinary research and innovation relating to Process Industrial Automation, also referred to as ProcessIT. LTU has a strong track record of research in close collaboration with process industries, where research results have often found their way into products and services strengthening the industries position on the global market.For this area of excellence a road mapping study with respect to Automatic Control research was conducted and is summarized in this white paper. The study shows that current research activities in Automatic Control are very relevant to Intelligent Industrial Processes, dealing with techniques for process understanding (modeling), design and implementation of control systems, and process monitoring, only to mention some.It is concluded that the design and establishment of an Open Research and Innovation Platform is essential for collaborative and multi-disciplinary research in the area. Such a software platform will enable industry partners to more efficiently work with their industrial processes and that in close collaboration with researchers and engineering businesses. At the same time researchers and innovators will have the opportunity to test and validate their results and innovations on real-life cases, enabling a swift exploitation of results. Some key principles for this software platform are the open source, open data and open innovation principles that need to be captured in the platform.The results of that study suggest initial automatic control research activities and a time line for stepping stones towards a full scale implementation of an Open Research and Innovation Platform by 2030.
Preclinical evaluation of 111In-labeled B3 monoclonal antibody: biodistribution and imaging studies in nude mice bearing human epidermoid carcinoma xenografts. (1993)

Biodistribution and imaging characteristics of monoclonal antibody B3 were evaluated in nude mice bearing A431 human epidermoid carcinoma xenografts. B3 is a murine IgG1k, recently isolated, reacting with a carbohydrate epitope abundantly and uniformly expressed by most carcinomas. B3 was conjugated to a new backbone-substituted derivative of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, 2-(p-isothiocyanato benzyl)-cyclohexyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and labeled with 111In. Tumor-bearing mice were given i.v. injections of approximately 5 microCi of either 111In-B3 or 111In-MOPC-21, an isotype-matched control, and sacrificed in groups of five at 6 h and daily up to 168 h. Imaging was performed at 24, 72, and 144 h. Significant differences were observed in tumor uptake at all time points with peak values at 48 h (25 +/- 5.2% versus 6.3 +/- 0.4% of the injected dose/g tissue) (mean +/- SD) for 111In-B3 and 111In-MOPC-21, respectively (P < 0.001). All tumor to organ ratios increased with time for 111In-B3. In particular, tumor:liver ratios rose from 3.2 +/- 0.6 at 24 h to 6.3 +/- 1.2 at 168 h. Imaging results showed selective and progressive accumulation of 111In-B3 at the tumor site, whereas 111In-MOPC-21 did not show specific localization. In summary, 111In-labeled B3 demonstrated good and specific tumor targeting, which warrants its future clinical evaluation.
IC–101–02: Role of magnetization transfer imaging in early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (2006)

Elderly individuals who suffer from significant memory impairment in the absence of decline in functional and intellectual ability are classified as having mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The cognitive condition of such individuals may either remain stable (MCIs) or may decline further (MCI progressors or MCIp), leading to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This research focuses on the use of magnetization transfer (MT) imaging for early diagnosis of dementia. In a longitudinal study where 35 MCI subjects were scanned and clinically followed for two years, we found that MT measurement was more reliable in differentiating MCIp from MCIs. In this study 10 out of 35 MCI developed AD over a two year interval. Time 1 volumetric and MTR was used to create receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Compared to volume, the MTR was found to be a better parameter in discriminating between MCIp to MCIs. Using an MTR of 31.4% as a cut–off for the entorhinal cortex, the accuracy of correct classification, sensitivity and specificity of the measure were 80% each. A positive likelihood ratio of 4 suggested that subjects with an MTR of 31.4% or lower were four times more likely to develop the disease, whereas the negative likelihood ratio was 0.25. In contrast, an 80% sensitivity of hippocampal volume resulted in 52% specificity and 60% accuracy in differentiating the two sub–groups of MCI. Additionaly the positive likelihood ratio for hippocampal volume as a diagnostic factor was 1.67. Compared to volumetric measurement which is labor intensive, these findings show that MTR produces better results in differentiating MCIs from MCIp whether the MTR of the entire structure is measured or only 20 randomly selected voxels in the region of interest.
Purines Bearing Phenanthroline or Bipyridine Ligands and Their RuII Complexes in Position 8 as Model Compounds for Electrochemical DNA Labeling – Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Electrochemistry, Quantum Chemical Calculations, Cytostatic and Antiviral Activity (2007)

Abstract A series of ethynyl‐ or (4‐boronophenyl)bipyridines and‐phenanthrolines were prepared as versatile building blocks for attachment of bidentate N‐ligands to other molecules via cross‐coupling reactions. Their complexation with Ru(bpy) 2 Cl 2 gave the corresponding Ru II complexes. 9‐Benzyladenine derivatives bearing the bipyridine or phenanthroline complexes in position 8, attached via a conjugate acetylene or phenylene linker were prepared by cross‐coupling reactions of the ethynyl‐ or 4‐boronophenylbipyridines and ‐phenanthrolines with 9‐benzyl‐8‐bromoadenine. Their complexation with Ru(bpy) 2 Cl 2 afforded the corresponding Ru complexes as model compounds for electrochemical DNA labeling. The same compounds were also prepared directly by cross‐coupling of 9‐benzyl‐8‐bromoadenine with Ru complexes of the alkynes and boronic acids. Both approaches are compared in terms of potential applications for labeling of nucleic acids. The crystal structures of two Ru complexes were determined by X‐ray diffraction. The electrochemistry of the model purines bearing the phenanthroline or bipyridine ligands and the Ru complexes was studied by means of cyclic or square‐wave voltammetry with carbon paste and mercury electrodes. The experimental redox potentials of the title compounds were compared with quantum chemical calculations. A very good agreement between experiment and theory was obtained, with a standard deviation of 0.13 V. It was shown that theoretical calculations can be of a limited predictive power for new Ru II complexes, though it was difficult to reproduce differences smaller than 0.05 V. Several compounds of this series exhibited a considerable cytostatic effect and activity against the hepatitis C virus (HCV). (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Assessment of decontamination methods as pretreatment of silanization of composite glass fillers (2000)

In terms of mechanical properties and durability, the surface of glass fillers should be decontaminated in order to optimize the silanization process for the production of resin composites. The objective of this study was to evaluate the decontamination efficiency of 18 cleaning methods on glass fillers as pretreatment of silane coupling. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that SiO(2) boiled with a 5% sodium peroxodisulfate aqueous solution for 15 min, followed by ultrasonic rinsing with acetone for 30 min was most effective among all the decontamination methods investigated. In addition, nano-indentation measurements on SiO(2) treated by the above-mentioned method revealed that the surface was not significantly weakened as compared to untreated SiO(2). The results of this study should lead to an improved filler-matrix coupling and thus contribute to the development of better wear and fatigue-resistant composites. Therefore, sodium peroxodisulfate is proposed as a presilanization filler decontamination step in the production process of resin composites.
Novel Low-Power DC–DC Converter Using High-Efficiency Charge Pump Circuits for Flat Panel Displays (2005)

A novel design for a low-power DC–DC converter using high-efficiency charge pump circuits for flat panel displays (FPDs) is proposed. The designed converter uses a variable voltage level shifter to decrease the conduction power loss of the charge pump circuit. The output voltage and the output current of the proposed DC–DC converter consisting of five charge pump circuits operating at 3.3 V are 17 V and 10 mA, respectively. The power efficiency and the ripple voltage of the designed charge pump circuits are 84.9% and 65 mV, respectively, which is a significant enhancement over those of Dickson charge pump circuits. These results indicate that our newly designed, low-power DC–DC converter using high-efficiency charge pump circuits holds promise for potential applications in mobile devices fabricated using FPDs operating at low voltages.
Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides Using a Microwave-Assisted, Copper-Catalyzed Concurrent Tandem Catalysis Methodology (2013)

A microwave-assisted, copper-catalyzed concurrent tandem catalytic (CTC) methodology has been developed for the cyanation of aryl chlorides, where the aryl chloride is first converted to an aryl iodide via halogen exchange and the aryl iodide is subsequently transformed to the aryl nitrile. A variety of aryl chlorides were converted to aryl nitriles in 44–97% yield using 20 mol % of CuI, 40 mol % of N,N’-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine, and 1.2 equiv of KCN in acetonitrile at 200 °C after 1–2 h. The same copper/ligand system served as a multifunctional catalyst for both steps of the concurrent catalytic process. Unlike our previously reported CTC hydrodehalogenation of aryl chlorides, CTC cyanation was catalytic in iodide. Kinetic simulations of the proposed CTC mechanism were consistent with experimental results and stipulate the relative reaction rates of the two catalytic cycles necessary to achieve reasonable yields of product.
Noninvasive Assessment of Gene Transfer and Expression by In Vivo Functional and Morphologic Imaging in a Rabbit Tumor Model (2013)

Tumor specificity and high transgene expression can be achieved in tumors via both tumor directed intra-arterial and intra-tumoral delivery in a large animal tumor model. Using clinical machines, morphologic imaging contributes to functional imaging for quantifying SSTR2-based reporter expression in vivo.
Router designs for elastic buffer on-chip networks (2009)

This paper explores the design space of elastic buffer (EB) routers by evaluating three representative designs. We propose an enhanced two-stage EB router which maximizes throughput by achieving a 42% reduction in cycle time and 20% reduction in occupied area by using look-ahead routing and replacing the three-slot output EBs in the baseline router of [17] with two-slot EBs. We also propose a singlestage router which merges the two pipeline stages to avoid pipelining overhead. This design reduces zero-load latency by 24% compared to the enhanced two-stage router if both are operated at the same clock frequency; moreover, the single-stage router reduces the required energy per transferred bit and occupied area by 29% and 30% respectively, compared to the enhanced two-stage router. However, the cycle time of the enhanced two-stage router is 26% smaller than that of the single-stage router.
Studies of Host‐Plasmid Interactions in Recombinant Microorganismsa (1986)

Plasmid genes redirect some components of cellular metabolism into synthesis of plasmid gene products and additional plasmids. The stoichiometric and kinetic implications of these host-plasmid interactions have been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Using known pathway energetics, maximum theoretical yield factors based on ATP, glucose, and O2 have been estimated for recombinant Escherichia coli and compared with corresponding estimates for host cells alone, indicating major changes in carbon and energetic stoichiometry in recombinant cells in cases of high cloned gene expression. The influence of the number of plasmids in recombinant E. coli has been experimentally characterized using a series of pMB1 derivatives stably propagated at copy numbers from 12 to 408. Recombinant cell growth rate declines monotonically as plasmid content increases as does efficiency of plasmid gene expression. A detailed metabolically structured single-cell model for E. coli has successfully simulated these trends. Interrelationships among number of plasmids per cell, induction of expression of a plasmid gene, and recombinant population growth rate have been experimentally delineated for Saccharomyces cerevisiae containing plasmid pLGSD5 and derivatives in which the 2-micron origin of replication has been replaced by a cloned ARS1 sequence or its deletion fragments. The CEN4 centromere sequence has been included in some of these plasmids to provide more regular segregation. Specific growth rate of these recombinant yeasts exhibits a maximum as a function of plasmid content, an effect attributed to the interplay between beneficial effects of the plasmid in selective medium and parasitic effects on metabolism at larger plasmid content or with more plasmid gene expression activity. The yeast strains investigated exhibit substantial segregational instability that was characterized using a rapid-flow cytometry measurement based upon single-cell deletion of E. coli beta-galactosidase activity in recombinant cells.
Recent trends in the applications of thermally expanded graphite for energy storage and sensors – a review (2021)

Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon dots (0D), carbon nanotubes (1D), graphene (2D), and graphite (3D) have been exploited as electrode materials for various applications because of their high active surface area, thermal conductivity, high chemical stability and easy availability. In addition, due to the strong affinity between carbon nanomaterials and various catalysts, they can easily form metal carbides (examples: ionic, covalent, interstitial and intermediate transition metal carbides) and also help in the stable dispersion of catalysts on the surface of carbon nanomaterials. Thermally expanded graphite (TEG) is a vermicular-structured carbon material that can be prepared by heating expandable graphite up to 1150 °C using a muffle or tubular furnace. At high temperatures, the thermal expansion of graphite occurred by the intercalation of ions (examples: SO<sub>4</sub> <sup>2-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>, Li<sup>+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, K<sup>+</sup>, <i>etc.</i>) and oxidizing agents (examples: ammonium persulfate, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, potassium nitrate, potassium dichromate, potassium permanganate, <i>etc.</i>) which helped in the exfoliation process. Finally, the obtained TEG, an intumescent form of graphite, has been used in the preparation of composite materials with various conducting polymers (examples: epoxy, poly(styrene-<i>co</i>-acrylonitrile), polyaniline, <i>etc.</i>) and metal chlorides (examples: FeCl<sub>3</sub>, CuCl<sub>2</sub>, and ZnCl<sub>2</sub>) for hydrogen storage, thermal energy storage, fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, sensors, <i>etc.</i> The main features of TEG include a highly porous structure, very lightweight with an apparent density (0.002-0.02 g cm<sup>-3</sup>), high mechanical properties (10 MPa), thermal conductivity (25-470 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>), high electrical conductivity (106-108 S cm<sup>-1</sup>) and low-cost. The porosity and expansion ratio of graphite layers could be customized by controlling the temperature and selection of intercalation ions according to the demand. Recently, TEG based composites prepared with metal oxides, chlorides and polymers have been demonstrated for their use in energy production, energy storage, and electrochemical (bio-) sensors (examples: urea, organic pollutants, Cd<sup>2+</sup>, Pb<sup>2+</sup>, <i>etc.</i>). In this review, we have highlighted and summarized the recent developments in TEG-based composites and their potential applications in energy storage, fuel cells and sensors with hand-picked examples.
The T Cell Response to the Malaria Circumsporozoite Protein: An Immunological Approach to Vaccine Development (1988)

Exhausted CD8 T (Tex) cells are a distinct cell lineage that arise during chronic infections and cancers in animal models and humans. Tex cells are characterized by progressive loss of effector functions, high and sustained inhibitory receptor expression, ...Read More
Comparative EPR and Redox Studies of Three Prokaryotic Enzymes of the Xanthine Oxidase Family:  Quinoline 2-Oxidoreductase, Quinaldine 4-Oxidase, and Isoquinoline 1-Oxidoreductase (1997)

For three prokaryotic enzymes of the xanthine oxidase family, namely quinoline 2-oxidoreductase, quinaldine 4-oxidase, and isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase, the electron transfer centers were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance. The enzymes are containing a molybdenum-molybdopterin cytosine dinucleotide cofactor, two distinct [2Fe-2S] clusters and, apart from isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase, a flavin adenine dinucleotide. The latter cofactor yields two different organic radical signals in quinoline 2-oxidoreductase and quinaldine 4-oxidase, typical for the neutral and anionic form, respectively. A "rapid" Mo(V) species is present in all enzymes with small differences in magnetic parameters. From spectra simulation of 95Mo-substituted quinoline 2-oxidoreductase, a deviation of 25 degrees between the maximal g and 95Mo-hyperfine tensor component was derived. The very rapid Mo(V) species was detected in small amounts upon reduction with substrates in quinoline 2-oxidoreductase and quinaldine 4-oxidase, but showed a different kinetic behavior with considerable EPR intensities in isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase. The FeSI and FeSII centers produced different signals in all three enzymes and, in case of isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase, revealed a dipolar interaction, from which a maximum distance of 15 A between FeSI and FeSII was estimated. The midpoint potentials of the FeS centers were surprisingly different and determined for FeSI/FeSII with -155/-195 mV in quinoline 2-oxidoreductase, -250/-70 mV in quinaldine 4-oxidase, and +65/+10 mV in isoquinoline 1-oxidoreductase. The slopes of the fitting curves for the Nernst equation are indicative for nonideal behavior. Only in quinoline 2-oxidoreductase, an averaged midpoint potential of the molybdenum redox pairs of about -390 mV could be determined. Both of the other enzymes did not produce Mo(V) signals in redox titration experiments, probably because of direct reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(IV) in the presence of dithionite.