gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Energy Efficiency of Motors on Inverters (2011)

With an ever-Increasing focus on energy efficiency along with the more widespread application of adjustable frequency inverters, it is important to accurately quantify the energy efficiency of motors fed with adjustable frequency power. The impact of inverter waveforms on the component and overall loss of motors are dealt with in this article. This article also addresses the challenges associated with making accurate efficiency measurements on inverter-fed motors, especially those with extremely high efficiency. The effects of various filters that may be applied between the inverter and motor are also considered. Both low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) cases are included. Three-phase AC induction motors demonstrate high efficiency levels and are able to maintain high efficiency across a substantial range of loading conditions. When fed by inverter power, there are some additional losses that occur in these motors, incrementally degrading energy efficiency. While earlier inverter waveforms, such as six step, had substantial harmonic content in the motor current, today's pulsewidth modulated (PWM) inverters are capable of producing waveforms with very few low-order harmonics. In fact, the majority of the nonfundamental frequency content in modern PWM current waveforms is at the switching frequency, which is not really a harmonic for the typical asynchronous carrier modulation schemes. is an example of a PWM current waveform that has large components at the switching frequency.
Ultra broadband DC to 40 GHz 5-bit pHEMT MMIC digital attenuator (2005)

A broadband, DC to 40 GHz 5-bit MMIC digital attenuator has been developed. The attenuator has been fabricated with 0.15 /spl mu/m GaAs pHEMT process. This attenuator has 1 dB resolution and 23 dB dynamic range. High attenuation accuracy has been achieved over all attenuation range and full 40 GHz bandwidth with the reference state insertion loss of less than 6 dB at 20 GHz. The input and output return losses of the attenuator are better than 14 dB over all attenuation states and frequencies.
Helmet Use and Associated Spinal Fractures in Motorcycle Crash Victims (2008)

Based on the statistical analysis, there was no relationship between helmet use and cervical or thoracic fractures, after controlling for speed of crash. The protective effect of helmet use in TBI was verified. These findings re-emphasize the need for a well-defined radiologic protocol for spinal injury at centers that evaluate crash victims.
Miocardiopatía Dilatada en paciente con Lupus Eritematoso Sisté- mico. Reporte de un caso. Dilated Cardiomyopathy in patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Case report. (2011)

INTRODUCTION: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease of unknown etiology, whose clinical picture includes various cardiovascular manifestations, which occur in between the 50 and 60% of the patients. Myocarditis is a rare complication (10%) and may evolve to dilated cardiomyopathy, or to the improvement. CASE REPORT: Forty year old woman with a history of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus diagnosed in 2008 and previous hospitalization for nephrotic syndrome, consultates in the urgency of Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital because of a two weeks clinical picture characterized by small effort dyspnea, oliguria and continuous edema of lower extre mities. Stands in their entrance examinations: creatinine 1.8 mg / dl, CRP 5; X-ray shows cardiomegaly. It is decided to hospitalized the patient. Evolves with increasing respiratory distress and chest pain, so it is decided to do echocardiogram, wich revealed dilated car
Two Atypical Cases of Kingella kingae Invasive Infection with Concomitant Human Rhinovirus Infection (2013)

We describe two atypical cases of Kingella kingae infection in children diagnosed by PCR, one case involving a soft tissue abscess and one case a femoral Brodie abscess. Both patients had concomitant human rhinovirus infection. K. kingae strains, isolated from an oropharyngeal swab, were characterized by multilocus sequence typing and rtxA sequencing.
Gene-expression changes in knee-joint tissues with aging and menopause: implications for the joint as an organ (2018)

Aging and menopause affected the gene-expression patterns of the tissues of the knee joint differently, suggesting unique changes to the set point of the knee. Interestingly, aging and menopause did not affect knee-joint laxity, suggesting that joint function was maintained, despite changes in gene expression. Taken together, these findings support the theory of the joint as an organ where the tissues of the joint adapt to maintain joint function.
Fuel cell electrolyte membrane with basic polymer (2023)

The present invention is an electrolyte membrane comprising an acid and a basic polymer, where the acid is a low-volatile acid that is fluorinated and is either oligomeric or non-polymeric, and where the basic polymer is protonated by the acid and is stable to hydrolysis.
Discovery and Evaluation of BMS-708163, a Potent, Selective and Orally Bioavailable γ-Secretase Inhibitor (2010)

During the course of our research efforts to develop a potent and selective γ-secretase inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, we investigated a series of carboxamide-substituted sulfonamides. Optimization based on potency, Notch/amyloid-β precursor protein selectivity, and brain efficacy after oral dosing led to the discovery of 4 (BMS-708163). Compound 4 is a potent inhibitor of γ-secretase (Aβ40 IC50 = 0.30 nM), demonstrating a 193-fold selectivity against Notch. Oral administration of 4 significantly reduced Aβ40 levels for sustained periods in brain, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid in rats and dogs.
Regulated Secretion of YopN by the Type III Machinery of Yersinia enterocolitica (2001)

ABSTRACT During infection, Yersinia enterocolitica exports Yop proteins via a type III secretion pathway. Secretion is activated when the environmental concentration of calcium ions is below 100 μM (low-calcium response). Yersiniae lacking yopN (lcrE), yscB, sycN , or tyeA do not inactivate the type III pathway even when the concentration of calcium is above 100 μM (calcium-blind phenotype). Purified YscB and SycN proteins form cytoplasmic complexes that bind a region including amino acids 16 to 100 of YopN, whereas TyeA binds YopN residues 101 to 294. Translational fusion of yopN gene sequences to the 5′ end of the npt reporter generates hybrid proteins that are transported by the type III pathway. The signal necessary and sufficient for the type III secretion of hybrid proteins is located within the first 15 codons of yopN . Expression of plasmid-borne yopN , but not of yopN 1–294 - npt , complements the calcium-blind phenotype of yopN mutants. Surprisingly, yopN mutants respond to environmental changes in calcium concentration and secrete YopN 1–294 -Npt in the absence but not in the presence of calcium. tyeA is required for the low-calcium regulation of YopN 1–294 -Npt secretion, whereas sycN and yscB mutants fail to secrete YopN 1–294 -Npt in the presence of calcium. Experiments with yopN-npt fusions identified two other signals that regulate the secretion of YopN. yopN codons 16 to 100 prevent the entry of YopN into the type III pathway, a negative regulatory effect that is overcome by expression of yscB and sycN . The portion of YopN encoded by codons 101 to 294 prevents transport of the polypeptide across the bacterial double membrane envelope in the presence of functional tyeA . These data support a model whereby YopN transport may serve as a regulatory mechanism for the activity of the type III pathway. YscB/SycN binding facilitates the initiation of YopN into the type III pathway, whereas TyeA binding prevents transport of the polypeptide across the bacterial envelope. Changes in the environmental calcium concentration relieve the TyeA-mediated regulation, triggering YopN transport and activating the type III pathway.
Neural network modeling of the input/output characteristics of a high power backward wave oscillator (2002)

Summary form only given. A neural network model has been used to characterize the input/output behavior of the Sinus-6 electron beam accelerator-driven high power backward-wave oscillator (BWO) at the University of New Mexico. Since this microwave source uses a 10 ns duration electron beam that is pulsed from one shot to the next, and since the sampling interval in the experimental data is not fixed, a static, continuous neural network model was used to fit the data. Simulation results showed that such a simple nonlinear model is sufficient to accurately describe the input/output behavior of the Sinus-6-driven BWO and that the fitted output waveforms are essentially noiseless. The model used to describe the Sinus-6-driven BWO consists of one input and two outputs. A computer-generated trigger pulse initiates the dosing of a pressurized spark gap switch which leads to a high voltage pulse V propagating down a transmission line leading to the microwave system. The system S consists of an electron gun (also referred to as the anode-cathode (A-K) gap) and a microwave tube. The electron gun generates an electron beam current I for a given accelerator voltage V and A-K gap setting. This current propagates through the microwave gun which consists of a slow wave structure immersed in a strong axial magnetic field. The two outputs from system S are the radiated microwave power (y/sub 1/) (or beam-to-peak envelope power conversion efficiency (z/sub 1/)) and the radiated frequency (y/sub 2/). Our recent work has focused on enhancing our simple model by introducing both the accelerator voltage and beam current (or, more accurately, the spark gap switch pressure and A-K gap setting) as physical inputs to our system S. This more realistic mathematical model will facilitate the design of a controller to maximize both the microwave conversion efficiency and power.
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): Potential Progress for Language Improvement in Aphasia (2011)

Aphasia researchers and clinicians share some basic beliefs about language recovery post stroke. Most agree there is a spontaneous recovery period and language recovery may be enhanced by participation in a behavioral therapy program. The application of biological interventions in the form of pharmaceutical treatments or brain stimulation is less well understood in the community of people who work with individuals having aphasia. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on electrical brain stimulation as an intervention to improve aphasia recovery. The article will emphasize emerging research on the use of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to accelerate stroke recovery. We will profile the current US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved application to depression to introduce its potential for future application to other syndromes such as aphasia.
ChemInform Abstract: IMINE PROTOTROPY‐ SYNTHETIC CONSEQUENCES IN THE GENERATION OF METALLOENAMINES (1978)

Abstract Ungesättigte Imine können als tautomere Formen (I) ↔ (II) ↔ (III) formuliert werden.
Targeting the TLR Co-Receptor CD14 with TLR2-Derived Peptides Modulates Immune Responses to Pathogens (2013)

Dysregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) responses to pathogens can lead to pathological inflammation or to immune hyporesponsiveness and susceptibility to infections, and may affect adaptive immune responses. TLRs are therefore attractive therapeutic targets. We assessed the potential of the TLR co-receptor CD14 as a target for therapeutics by investigating the magnitude of its influence on TLR responses. We studied the interaction of CD14 with TLR2 by conducting peptide screening and site-directed mutagenesis analysis and found TLR2 leucine-rich repeats 5, 9, 15, and 20 involved in interaction with CD14. Peptides representing these regions interacted with CD14 and enhanced TLR2- and TLR4-mediated proinflammatory responses to bacterial pathogens in vitro. Notably, the peptides' immune boosting capacity helped to rescue proinflammatory responses of immunosuppressed sepsis patients ex vivo. In vivo, peptide treatment increased phagocyte recruitment and accelerated bacterial clearance in murine models of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial peritonitis. Up-modulating CD14's co-receptor activity with TLR2-derived peptides also enhanced antigen-induced dendritic cell (DC) maturation and interleukin-2 production and, most notably, differentially affected DC cytokine profile upon antigen stimulation, promoting a T helper 1-skewed adaptive immune response. Biochemical, cell imaging, and molecular docking studies showed that peptide binding to CD14 accelerates microbial ligand transfer from CD14 to TLR2, resulting in increased and sustained ligand occupancy of TLR2 and receptor clustering for signaling. These findings reveal the influence that CD14 exerts on TLR activities and describe a potential therapeutic strategy to amplify responses to different pathogens mediated by different TLRs by targeting the common TLR co-receptor, CD14.
Directed Placement of Gold Nanorods Using a Removable Template for Guided Assembly (2011)

We have used a temperature sensitive polymer film as a removable template to position, and align, gold nanorods onto an underlying target substrate. Shape-matching guiding structures for the assembly of nanorods of size 80 nm × 25 nm have been written by thermal scanning probe lithography. The nanorods were assembled into the guiding structures, which determine both the position and the orientation of single nanorods, by means of capillary interactions. Following particle assembly, the polymer was removed cleanly by thermal decomposition and the nanorods are transferred to the underlying substrate. We have thus demonstrated both the placement and orientation of nanorods with an overall positioning accuracy of ≈10 nm onto an unstructured target substrate.
Realization of Tubeless Stage in Semiconductor Exposure System (2008)

We realized super fine positioning of the stage which is applied for the step and scan lithography apparatus using the following technologies. - Direct drive concept (not using “fine and coarse” stage configuration) - Newly developed air-bearing without moving tube for air supply. - Simple and light weight configuration - 3DOF (X Y Tz) counter-mass - Compensation of motor force ripple - Symmetry structure and driving at center of gravity
Non-codingRNA sequence variations in human chronic lymphocytic leukemia and colorectal cancer (2009)

Cancer is a genetic disease in which the interplay between alterations in protein-coding genes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) plays a fundamental role. In recent years, the full coding component of the human genome was sequenced in various cancers, whereas such attempts related to ncRNAs are still fragmentary. We screened genomic DNAs for sequence variations in 148 microRNAs (miRNAs) and ultraconserved regions (UCRs) loci in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or colorectal cancer (CRC) by Sanger technique and further tried to elucidate the functional consequences of some of these variations. We found sequence variations in miRNAs in both sporadic and familial CLL cases, mutations of UCRs in CLLs and CRCs and, in certain instances, detected functional effects of these variations. Furthermore, by integrating our data with previously published data on miRNA sequence variations, we have created a catalog of DNA sequence variations in miRNAs/ultraconserved genes in human cancers. These findings argue that ncRNAs are targeted by both germ line and somatic mutations as well as by single-nucleotide polymorphisms with functional significance for human tumorigenesis. Sequence variations in ncRNA loci are frequent and some have functional and biological significance. Such information can be exploited to further investigate on a genome-wide scale the frequency of genetic variations in ncRNAs and their functional meaning, as well as for the development of new diagnostic and prognostic markers for leukemias and carcinomas.
Occult Injuries of the Talus Diagnosed by Bone Scan and Tomography (1984)

Five patients, four women and one man, were found to have an osteochondral lesion of one of the talar joints. All patients had normal plain radiographs of the ankle and foot and were referred to us as a second or third consultation for undiagnosed ankle and hindfoot pain. Bone scans of the tali demonstrated the specific talar joint that was injured, and tomography confirmed the presence of an osteochondral lesion. The average delay in the diagnosis between the onset of symptoms and the initiation of treatment was over 10 months. Bone scanning is an effective diagnostic tool in locating injuries of the talus not appreciated on routine x-ray.
Embedded real-time look-up table processing for high definition video signals (2010)

Look-up table (LUT) processing is based on the use of tabulated values for computing the output signal for various functions or sets of functions in an embedded system in order to achieve fast/real-time processing times. The paper evaluates the choices and tradeoffs that must be taken into account for a successful LUT based architecture implementation of the user-controlled functions in a system dealing with high definition (HD) video signals, more specifically HD video cameras. It is important to decide what control-like functions can be easily integrated into a LUT and at what cost. The results show that several factors must be taken into account when designing a LUT processing block: architecture, tables' sizing, value types for signal representation, signal-range to table mapping, choice of functions for updating/being integrated in the LUT block.
Enhanced Monte Carlo Sampling through Replica Exchange with Solute Tempering (2014)

With a view to improving the consistency of free energy perturbation calculations in Monte Carlo simulations of protein-ligand complexes, we have implemented the replica exchange with solute tempering (REST) method in the <i>MCPRO</i> software. By augmenting the standard REST approach with regular attempted jumps in selected dihedral angles, our combined method facilitates sampling of ligand binding modes that are separated by high free energy barriers and ensures that computed free energy changes are considerably less dependent on the starting conditions and the chosen mutation pathway than those calculated with standard Monte Carlo sampling. We have applied the enhanced sampling method to the calculation of the activities of seven non-nucleoside inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, and its Tyr181Cys variant, and have shown that a range of binding orientations is possible depending on the nature of the ligand and the presence of mutations at the binding site.
Dialyzer Performance in the HEMO Study:In Vivo K 0 A and True Blood Flow Determined from a Model of Cross-Dialyzer Urea Extraction (2004)

Inlet and outlet blood urea concentrations (Cin and Cout) can be used to directly measure dialyzer performance if simultaneous blood flow measurements (Qb) are available. Dialyzer clearance, for example, is the product of the urea extraction ratio [ER = (Cin - Cout)/Cin] and Qb. Urea concentrations are measured routinely in all hemodialysis clinics, but Qb is usually reported as the product of the pump rotational speed and pump segment stroke volume, which can be inaccurate at high flow rates. Dialyzer urea extraction is also a function of Qb, dialysate flow (Qd), and the membrane permeability-area coefficient (K0A) for urea. To determine true in vivo values for Qb and K0A in the absence of direct flow measurements, we developed a model based on an existing mathematical equation for hemodialyzer ER under conditions of countercurrent flow. Qb, K0A, and other variables were adjusted to fit the modeled ER to ER measured in 1,285 patients treated with Qb that ranged from 200 to 450 ml/min during the HEMO Study. Fitting was performed by least squares nonlinear regression using parametric and nonparametric methods for estimating true flow. As Qb rose above 250 ml/min, both methods for estimating actual Qb showed increasing deviations from the flow reported by the blood pump meter. Modeled values for K0A differed significantly among dialyzer models, ranging from 71% to 96% of the in vitro values. The previously described 14% increase in K0A, as Qd increased in vitro from 500 to 800 ml/min, was much less in vivo, averaging only 5.5 +/- 1.5% higher. Dialyzer reprocessing was associated with a 6.3 +/- 1.0% reduction in K0A and an approximate 2% fall in urea clearance per 10 reuses (p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed a small but significant dialysis center effect on ER but no independent effects of other variables, including the ultrafiltration rate, diabetic status, race, ethnicity, sex, method of reuse, treatment time, access recirculation, and use of central venous accesses. The new algorithm allowed a more accurate determination of true Qb and in vivo K0A in the absence of direct flow measurements in a large population treated with a wide range of blood flow rates. Application of this technique for more than 1000 patients in the HEMO Study confirmed that in vitro measurements using simple crystalloid solutions cannot readily substitute for in vivo measurements of dialyzer function, and permitted a more accurate calculation of each patient's prescribed dialysis dose and urea volume.
Improved Natural Killer cell activity and retained anti-tumor CD8+ T cell responses contribute to the induction of a pathological complete response in HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (2015)

NCT02307227, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov , November 26, 2014).
Guided Image Synthesis via Initial Image Editing in Diffusion Model (2023)

Diffusion models have the ability to generate high quality images by denoising pure Gaussian noise images. While previous research has primarily focused on improving the control of image generation through adjusting the denoising process, we propose a novel direction of manipulating the initial noise to control the generated image. Through experiments on stable diffusion, we show that blocks of pixels in the initial latent images have a preference for generating specific content, and that modifying these blocks can significantly influence the generated image. In particular, we show that modifying a part of the initial image affects the corresponding region of the generated image while leaving other regions unaffected, which is useful for repainting tasks. Furthermore, we find that the generation preferences of pixel blocks are primarily determined by their values, rather than their position. By moving pixel blocks with a tendency to generate user-desired content to user-specified regions, our approach achieves state-of-the-art performance in layout-to-image generation. Our results highlight the flexibility and power of initial image manipulation in controlling the generated image.
Kerr effect at high electric field in the isotropic phase of mesogenic materials (2015)

The well-known Kerr effect in isotropic fluids consists in the appearance of uniaxial orientational order and birefringence that grows as the square of the applied electric field. We predict and observe that at a high electric field, the Kerr effect displays features caused by the nonlinear dependence of dielectric permittivity on the field-induced orientational order parameter. Namely, the field-induced birefringence grows faster than the square of the electric field and the dynamics of birefringence growth slows down as the field increases. As a function of temperature, the field-induced birefringence is inversely proportional to the departure from an asymptotic critical temperature, but this temperature is no longer a constant (corresponding to the lower limit of the supercooled isotropic phase) and increases proportionally to the square of the electric field.