gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Introduction: Metals in Medicine (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction: Metals in MedicineKatherine J. Franz*Katherine J. FranzAlexander F. Hehmeyer Professor, Duke UniversityMore by Katherine J. Franzhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9015-0998 and Nils Metzler-Nolte*Nils Metzler-NolteRuhr University BochumMore by Nils Metzler-Noltehttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-8111-9959Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2019, 119, 2, 727–729Publication Date (Web):January 23, 2019Publication History Published online23 January 2019Published inissue 23 January 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00685https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00685editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views18724Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cancer therapy,Color,Elements,Metals,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Influence of AAV-2 terminal repeats on expression of heterologous promoters (1995)

The adeno-associated virus is a human parvovirus that can be used as a vector system for gene transduction into mammalian cells. For integration into the host cell genome, replication and packaging of the viral DNA only terminal repeats are necessary in cis. We investigated the influence of the terminal repeats on the expression of genes under the control of heterologous promoters in transient transfection assays. The activity of HPV-18, HCMV and HIV-1 promoters in vectors with and without terminal repeats was compared using luciferase as a reporter gene. We observed a reduction of gene expression from all promoters tested in plasmids with terminal repeats. The inhibitory effect was abolished with the expression of one viral regulatory protein and infection with adenovirus 5. RESUMEN El virus adeno-asociado es un parvovirus humano que puede ser utilizado como vector para la transduccion genica en celulas de mamiferos. Para la integracion en la celula hospedera, la replicacion y el empaquetamiento del ADN viral, solo se requieren de las secuencias terminales repetidas en cis. Nosotros estudiamos la influencia de estas secuencias en la expresion de genes bajo el control de promotores heterologos en experimentos de transfecion transiente. La actividad de promotores de HPV-18, HCMV y HIV-1 en vectores con y sin terminales repetidos, se comparo usando la luciferasa como gen reportero. Se observo una disminucion de los niveles de expresion con todos los promotores usados en plasmidios que contienen la secuencia de los terminales repetidos. El efecto inhibitorio se elimino con la expresion de una de las proteinas reguladoras del virus y la infeccion con adenovirus 5.
A cytoplasmic pathway for gapmer antisense oligonucleotide-mediated gene silencing in mammalian cells (2015)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are known to trigger mRNA degradation in the nucleus via an RNase H-dependent mechanism. We have now identified a putative cytoplasmic mechanism through which ASO gapmers silence their targets when transfected or delivered gymnotically (i.e. in the absence of any transfection reagent). We have shown that the ASO gapmers can interact with the Ago-2 PAZ domain and can localize into GW-182 mRNA-degradation bodies (GW-bodies). The degradation products of the targeted mRNA, however, are not generated by Ago-2-directed cleavage. The apparent identification of a cytoplasmic pathway complements the previously known nuclear activity of ASOs and concurrently suggests that nuclear localization is not an absolute requirement for gene silencing.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBOPALLADATION‐DEPALLADATION OF ALLYLIC AMINES AND SULFIDES (1977)

Abstract Dimethylallylamin (Ia) bzw. Allylisopropylsulfid (Ib) reagieren mit Li‐tetrachloropalladat in Methanol zu den Pd‐Komplexen (IIa).
Preparation of Second Generation Ionic Liquids by Efficient Solvent-Free Alkylation of N-Heterocycles with Chloroalkanes (2008)

Non-conventional techniques, such as microwave (MW) and power ultrasound (US) as well as combined MW/US irradiation, have been used to promote one-pot synthesis of second-generation ionic liquids (ILs), cutting down reaction times and improving yields. However, the use of chloroalkanes in the alkylation of N-heterocycles requires more drastic conditions if results are to match those obtained with more reactive alkyl halides. The present paper describes a series of MW- or MW/US-promoted IL preparations starting from chloroalkanes and classic heterocycles (1-methylimidazole, pyridine and 1-methylpyrrolidine). When reactions were carried out under conventional heating in an oil bath they required longer reaction times and gave poorer yields. (1)H-NMR analysis and ion-exchange chromatography showed that the present solventless procedure afforded ILs of satisfactory purity. The observed high yields (usually 70-98% isolated), and short reaction times showed that a straightforward access to ILs can be also achieved with the use of alkyl chlorides, resulting in a considerable reduction of costs.
Endoscopic Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in Abdominal Pain: What Makes Sense? (2001)

Diagnostic endoscopy (including gastroscopy and colonoscopy) and diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) have been facing severe challenges from other imaging modalities in recent years. Might diagnostic endoscopy and ERCP become obsolete? Are the new modalities accurate and cost-effective? Should training of endoscopists be focused on therapy? Recently, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) have been tested as investigation tools for abdominal pain. Does this make sense?
Optimization‐driven identification of genetic perturbations accelerates the convergence of model parameters in ensemble modeling of metabolic networks (2013)

The ensemble modeling (EM) approach has shown promise in capturing kinetic and regulatory effects in the modeling of metabolic networks. Efficacy of the EM procedure relies on the identification of model parameterizations that adequately describe all observed metabolic phenotypes upon perturbation. In this study, we propose an optimization-based algorithm for the systematic identification of genetic/enzyme perturbations to maximally reduce the number of models retained in the ensemble after each round of model screening. The key premise here is to design perturbations that will maximally scatter the predicted steady-state fluxes over the ensemble parameterizations. We demonstrate the applicability of this procedure for an Escherichia coli metabolic model of central metabolism by successively identifying single, double, and triple enzyme perturbations that cause the maximum degree of flux separation between models in the ensemble. Results revealed that optimal perturbations are not always located close to reaction(s) whose fluxes are measured, especially when multiple perturbations are considered. In addition, there appears to be a maximum number of simultaneous perturbations beyond which no appreciable increase in the divergence of flux predictions is achieved. Overall, this study provides a systematic way of optimally designing genetic perturbations for populating the ensemble of models with relevant model parameterizations.
Evaluation of the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on cells from canine cancer cell lines (2008)

Micromolar concentrations of HDAC inhibitors OSU-HDAC42 and SAHA induced histone acetylation, cytotoxicity, and apoptosis in canine cancer cells. In general, OSU-HDAC42 was more potent than SAHA.
Design and development of a card‐sized virtual keyboard using permanent magnets and hall sensors (2009)

Abstract This paper proposes a method to distinguish the key‐type of human fingers attached to small permanent magnets. The Hall sensors arrayed in the credit card‐size area feel the distribution of the magnetic field due to the key‐typing movement of the human fingers as if a keyboard exists, and the signal is analyzed using the genetic algorithm or the neural network algorithm to distinguish the typed keys. By this method, the keyboard can be miniaturized to credit card size (54 mm × 85 mm). We called this system “the virtual keyboard system.” © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(3): 32–37, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10043
Present Status of a Superconducting Rotating-Gantry for Carbon Therapy (2016)

A superconducting rotating-gantry for carbon therapy is being developed. This isocentric rotating gantry can transport carbon ions with the maximum energy of 430 MeV/u to an isocenter with irradiation angles of over 0-360 degrees, and is further capable of performing three-dimensional raster-scanning irradiation. The combined-function superconducting magnets were employed for the rotating gantry. The superconducting magnets with optimized beam optics allowed a compact gantry design with a large scan size at the isocenter; the length and the radius of the gantry are approximately 13 and 5.5 m, respectively, which are comparable to those for the existing proton gantries. Furthermore, the maximum scan size at the isocenter is calculated to be as large as approximately 200 mm square for heavy-ion beams at the maximum energy of 430 MeV/u. A construction and installation of the superconducting gantry is in progress, and beam commissioning will begin from this autumn. We will present a status of the superconducting rotating-gantry.
Psychoaffective Differences Between Sexually Functional and Dysfunctional Men in Response to a Sexual Experience (2010)

These findings reiterate the importance of addressing patients' emotional issues as part of any overall treatment strategy.
Analysis of the composition of heavy metal pollution in Japanese river sediments by principal component analysis. (1985)

This report describes an application of principal component analysis to heavy metal contents (Cu, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cd, Ni), HNO3-H2O2 soluble metals in the upstream sediments and 0.5 N HCl soluble ones in the downstream sediments. Two principal factors were extracted, and a comparison was made between the distribution of heavy metals on the plane produced by two factor loadings and that of rivers on the plane produced by two factor scores. Results show that the first factor represents the general pollution by heavy metals. The second factor in HNO3-H2O2 soluble heavy metals in the upstream sediments represents an axis of siderophile-chalcophile element from the standpoint of geochemistry, while the second factor in 0.5 N HCl soluble heavy metals in the downstream sediments represents an axis of adsorbable-unadsorbable element in sediment from the standpoint of artificial heavy metal pollution.
Toward Continuous Breath Monitoring on a Mobile Phone Using a Frugal Conducting Cloth-Based Smart Mask (2022)

A frugal humidity sensor that can detect changes in the humidity of exhaled breath of individuals has been fabricated. The sensor comprises a humidity-sensitive conducting polymer that is <i>in situ</i> formed on a cloth that acts as a substrate. Interdigitated silver electrodes were screen-printed on the modified cloth, and conducting threads connected the electrodes to the measurement circuit. The sensor's response to changing humidity was measured as a voltage drop across the sensor using a microcontroller. The sensor was capable of discerning between fast, normal, and slow breathing based on the response time. A response time of ∼1.3 s was observed for fast breathing. An Android-based mobile application was designed to collect sensor data <i>via</i> Bluetooth for analysis. A time series classification algorithm was implemented to analyze patterns in breathing. The sensor was later stitched onto a face mask, transforming it into a smart mask that can monitor changes in the breathing pattern at work, play, and sleep.
What Is the Opposite of Pandora’s Box? Direct Analysis, Ambient Ionization, and a New Generation of Atmospheric Pressure Ion Sources (2013)

The introduction of DART and DESI sources approximately seven years ago led to the development of a new series of atmospheric pressure ion sources referred to as "ambient ionization" sources. These fall into two major categories: spray techniques like DESI or plasma techniques like DART. The selectivity of "direct ionization," meaning analysis without chromatography and with little or no sample preparation, depends on the mass spectrometer selectivity. Although high resolution and tandem mass spectrometry are valuable tools, rapid and simple sample preparation methods can improve the utility of ambient ionization methods. The concept of ambient ionization has led to the realization that there are many more ways to form ions than might be expected. An interesting example is the use of a flint-and-steel spark source to generate ions from compounds such as phenolphthalein and Gramicidin S.
Rhesus θ-Defensin-1 Attenuates Endotoxin-induced Acute Lung Injury by Inhibiting Proinflammatory Cytokines and Neutrophil Recruitment (2017)

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinical syndrome characterized by acute respiratory failure and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Rhesus θ-defensin (RTD)-1 is an antimicrobial peptide with immunomodulatory activity. As airway inflammation and neutrophil recruitment and activation are hallmarks of ALI, we evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of RTD-1 in preclinical models of the disease. We investigated the effect of RTD-1 on neutrophil chemotaxis and macrophage-driven pulmonary inflammation with human peripheral neutrophils and LPS-stimulated murine alveolar macrophage (denoted MH-S) cells. Treatment and prophylactic single escalating doses were administered subcutaneously in a well-established murine model of direct endotoxin-induced ALI. We assessed lung injury by histopathology, pulmonary edema, inflammatory cell recruitment, and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the BAL fluid. In vitro studies demonstrated that RTD-1 suppressed CXCL8-induced neutrophil chemotaxis, TNF-mediated neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion, and proinflammatory cytokine release in activated murine alveolar immortalized macrophages (MH-S) cells. Treatment with RTD-1 significantly inhibited in vivo LPS-induced ALI by reducing pulmonary edema and histopathological changes. Treatment was associated with dose- and time-dependent inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1β, and IL-6), peroxidase activity, and neutrophil recruitment into the airways. Antiinflammatory effects were demonstrated in animals receiving RTD-1 up to 12 hours after LPS challenge. Notably, subcutaneously administered RTD-1 demonstrates good peptide stability as demonstrated by the long in vivo half-life. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that RTD-1 is efficacious in an experimental model of ALI through inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis and adhesion, and the attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines and gene expression from alveolar macrophages.
Differential Uptake of Antisense Oligonucleotides in Mouse Hepatocytes and Macrophages Revealed by Simultaneous Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence and Coherent Raman Imaging (2021)

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), a novel paradigm in modern therapeutics, modulate cellular gene expression by binding to complementary messenger RNA (mRNA) sequences. While advances in ASO medicinal chemistry have greatly improved the efficiency of cellular uptake, selective uptake by specific cell types has been difficult to achieve. For more efficient and selective uptake, ASOs are often conjugated with molecules with high binding affinity for transmembrane receptors. Triantennary N-acetyl-galactosamine conjugated phosphorothioate ASOs (GalNAc-PS-ASOs) were developed to enhance targeted ASO delivery into liver through the hepatocyte-specific asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR). We assessed the kinetics of uptake and subsequent intracellular distribution of AlexaFluor 488 (AF488)-labeled PS-ASOs and GalNAc-PS-ASOs in J774A.1 mouse macrophages and primary mouse or rat hepatocytes using simultaneous coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) and two-photon fluorescence (2PF) imaging. The CARS modality captured the dynamic lipid distributions and overall morphology of the cells; two-photon fluorescence (2PF) measured the time- and dose-dependent localization of ASOs delivered by a modified treatment of suspension cells. Our results show that in macrophages, the uptake rate of PS-ASOs did not significantly differ from that of GalNAc-PS-ASOs. However, in hepatocytes, GalNAc-PS-ASOs exhibited a peripheral uptake distribution compared to a polar uptake distribution observed in macrophages. The peripheral distribution correlated with a significantly larger amount of internalized GalNAc-PS-ASOs compared to the PS-ASOs. This work demonstrates the relevance of multimodal imaging for elucidating the uptake mechanism, accumulation, and fate of different ASOs in liver cells that can be used further in complex <i>in vitro</i> models and liver tissues to evaluate ASO distribution and activity.
Artificial Diels–Alderase based on the transmembrane protein FhuA (2016)

Copper(I) and copper(II) complexes were covalently linked to an engineered variant of the transmembrane protein Ferric hydroxamate uptake protein component A (FhuA ΔCVF(tev)). Copper(I) was incorporated using an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand equipped with a maleimide group on the side arm at the imidazole nitrogen. Copper(II) was attached by coordination to a terpyridyl ligand. The spacer length was varied in the back of the ligand framework. These biohybrid catalysts were shown to be active in the Diels-Alder reaction of a chalcone derivative with cyclopentadiene to preferentially give the endo product.
Identifying Local Structural and Optical Derangement in the Neural Retina of Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes (2013)

Background: To identify local structural and optical derangement in the neural retina of individuals with type 1 diabetes having early diabetic retinopathy (DR) and compare with healthy non-diabetic controls and type 1 diabetic individuals having no DR.Methods: Optical coherence tomography (TDOCT) examination was performed on a total of 74 healthy eyes, 38 eyes with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) with no retinopathy and 43 eyes with mild DR (MDR).A total of 6 intraretinal layers were segmented on OCT images.Thickness and reflectance-based measurements were extracted for each OCT scan using features measured locally for each intraretinal layer. Results:In the analysis where local measures were averaged in the separated macular regions outside the foveola, the mean thickness values of the outer segment of photoreceptors (OS) in the perifoveal region, ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (GCL+IPL) complex in the parafoveal and outer plexiform layer (OPL) in the foveal region were significantly smaller (13%, 8% and 36%; respectively, p<0.001) when comparing MDR eyes with controls.The mean thickness values of the OPL (foveal region, 27%, p<0.001) and the OS (parafoveal (24%) and perifoveal (23%), p<0.001) were significantly smaller when comparing MDR with DM eyes.The reflectance-based measures were significantly smaller for all layers in MDR eyes compared with healthy and DM eyes (7-36%, p<0.001). Conclusions:Our results show OCT is capable of detecting selective layer thinning and that the optical properties extracted from OCT images add significant evidence to the morphological information directly provided by OCT.It also suggests that the outer segment of the photoreceptor layer may be vulnerable in both type 1 diabetic individuals with and without early DR.Our results might also indicate that an early sign of vascular alteration development could be detected by investigating the changes in optical properties and thickness of the OPL.
Ion‐spray mass spectrometry of marine neurotoxins (1989)

Ion-spray mass spectrometry was investigated for the analysis of three marine neurotoxins: domoic acid, saxitoxin and tetrodotoxin. All three compounds gave positive-ion spectra with abundant ions of protonated molecules and no significant fragmentation. Domoic acid gave a negative-ion spectrum with a strong [M-H]- ion. Tandem mass spectrometry provided useful fragment-ion spectra for all compounds. Detection limits for flow injection analyses with selected-ion monitoring were determined to be 30 pg for saxitoxin, 100 pg for domoic acid and 200 pg for tetrodotoxin. Combining liquid chromatography with ion-spray mass spectrometry allowed the determination of domoic acid and some of its isomers in toxic shellfish tissue extracts.
Robust maximin MIMO precoding for arbitrary convex uncertainty sets (2012)

We consider a worst-case robust precoding design for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) communication systems with imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). Instead of a particular choice, we consider a general imperfect CSIT model that only assumes the channel errors to be within a convex set, which includes most common imperfect CSIT models as special cases. The robust precoding design is formulated as a maximin problem, aiming at maximizing the worst-case received signal-to-noise ratio or minimizing the worst-case error probability. It is shown that the robust precoder can be easily obtained by solving a convex problem. We further provide an equivalent but more practical form of the convex problem that can be efficiently handled with common optimization methods and software packages.
ChemInform Abstract: HIV‐1 Neutralization and Tumor Cell Proliferation Inhibition in vitro by Simplified Analogues of Pyrido(4,3,2‐mn)thiazolo(5,4‐b)acridine Marine Alkaloids. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electron-beam lithography of multiple-layer submicrometer periodic arrays on a barium fluoride substrate (2008)

First Page
Isolating Mucosal Lymphocytes from Biopsy Tissue for Cellular Immunology Assays (2009)

Mucosal tissues of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts serve as major portals of HIV-1 transmission, and recent literature has highlighted the important role of these tissues in pathogenesis. However, our understanding of human mucosal T-cell responses remains limited. We have previously reported methods for isolating, culturing and analyzing mucosal T-lymphocytes obtained from gastrointestinal biopsy tissue. This method of acquiring tissue is minimally invasive and well accepted by patients, and allows sampling of sites that would not otherwise be accessible without surgical intervention. This chapter summarizes the approach currently in use in our laboratory to isolate and study CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells from rectal biopsies obtained through flexible sigmoidoscopy. These methods are also applicable, with minor modifications, to small tissue samples obtained from other lymphoid tissues.