gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recombinant IL-37 Exerts an Anti-inflammatory Effect on Human Aortic Valve Interstitial Cells through Extracellular and Intracellular Actions (2023)

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a chronic inflammatory disease with slow progression that involves soluble extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Previously, we found that recombinant interleukin (IL)-37 suppresses aortic valve interstitial cells (AVIC) inflammatory response through the interaction with IL-18 receptor α-chain (IL-18Rα) on the cell surface. Endogenous IL-37 can be retained in the cytoplasm or released into extracellular spaces. It remains unknown whether recombinant IL-37 exerts the anti-inflammatory effect through intracellular action. Here, we found that recombinant IL-37 suppressed AVIC inflammatory response to soluble ECM proteins. Interestingly, recombinant IL-37 was internalized by human AVICs in an IL-18Rα-independent fashion. Blocking endocytic pathways reduced the internalization and anti-inflammatory potency of recombinant IL-37. Overexpression of IL-37 in human AVICs suppressed soluble ECM proteins-induced NF-κB activation and the production of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1. However, IL-37D20A (mutant IL-37 lacking nucleus-targeting sequences) overexpression had no such effect, and the inflammatory response to soluble ECM proteins was essentially intact in AVICs from transgenic mice expressing IL-37D20A. Together, recombinant IL-37 can be internalized by human AVICs through endocytosis. Intracellular IL-37 exerts an anti-inflammatory effect through a nucleus-targeting mechanism. This study highlights the potent anti-inflammatory effect of recombinant IL-37 in both extracellular and intracellular compartments through distinct mechanisms.
Analysis of a Stratified Charging Concept for High-Performance Two-Stroke Engines (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents the results and conclusions from a conceptual design study for a stratified charging concept. The stratified charging engine has a displacement of 64 cm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; and a four-port design with reed valves at two ports to control the bypass air. During the intake stroke of the engine, bypass air is sucked into the transfer ports to purge the air-fuel mixture present in the ports from the previous stroke back into the crankcase. This fills the transfer ports near the exhaust with pure air at the beginning of the scavenging stroke. During scavenging, the bypass air is ejected in the cylinder, shielding the exhaust against the fresh mixture coming from the ports on the intake side. This allows the hydrocarbon emissions to be reduced by over 40 %.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The conceptual design study is based on an analysis of the mixture short-circuiting mechanisms and CFD investigations of the scavenging flow with charge stratification.&lt;/div&gt;
Ultrafine Particles Penetrate Human Airway Epithelium Resulting in Increased Expression of Genes Causally Related to Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis (2000)

Abstract Epidemiological studies have associated exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) with an aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns, especially the finer fraction PM2.5, with increases in morbidity and mortality in persons with preexisting cardiopulmonary disease. However, whether exposures to PM10 cause lung disease in uncompromised individuals is a topic of debate, especially since mechanistic and toxicological studies have failed to define cause and effect relationships between exposures to PM10 and phenotypic changes associated with the development of pulmonary diseases. PM10 is a complex mixture of soot and natural minerals, metal oxide particles, sea salt grains and aeroallergens (Fig. 1). Our interest lies with the carbonaceous components (Fig. 2), since insoluble particles may be more efficiently retained in the peripheral lung and be potentially more bioreactive due to their accumulation over time. We are interested in the ultrafine (UF) fraction (&amp;lt;1.0um diameter) since the number of particles in this size range are known to increase during pollution episodes and they have a greater reactive surface area per unit weight.
Functional and intracellular localization properties of U6 promoter-expressed siRNAs, shRNAs, and chimeric VA1 shRNAs in mammalian cells (2008)

RNA polymerase III (Pol III) expression systems for short hairpin RNAs (U6 shRNAs or chimeric VA1 shRNAs) or individually expressed sense/antisense small interfering RNA (siRNA) strands have been used to trigger RNA interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells. Here we show that individually expressed siRNA expression constructs produce 21-nucleotide siRNAs that strongly accumulate as duplex siRNAs in the nucleus of human cells, exerting sequence-specific silencing activity similar to cytoplasmic siRNAs derived from U6 or VA1-expressed hairpin precursors. In contrast, 29-mer siRNAs separately expressed as sense/antisense strands fail to elicit RNAi activity, despite accumulation of these RNAs in the nucleus. Our findings delineate different intracellular accumulation patterns for the three expression strategies and suggest the possibility of a nuclear RNAi pathway that requires 21-mer duplexes.
Phage integrases for the construction and manipulation of transgenic mammals (2003)

Phage integrases catalyze site-specific, unidirectional recombination between two short att recognition sites. Recombination results in integration when the att sites are present on two different DNA molecules and deletion or inversion when the att sites are on the same molecule. Here we demonstrate the ability of the phiC31 integrase to integrate DNA into endogenous sequences in the mouse genome following microinjection of donor plasmid and integrase mRNA into mouse single-cell embryos. Transgenic early embryos and a mid-gestation mouse are reported. We also demonstrate the ability of the phiC31, R4, and TP901-1 phage integrases to recombine two introduced att sites on the same chromosome in human cells, resulting in deletion of the intervening material. We compare the frequencies of mammalian chromosomal deletion catalyzed by these three integrases in different chromosomal locations. The results reviewed here introduce these bacteriophage integrases as tools for site-specific modification of the genome for the creation and manipulation of transgenic mammals.
Scalable Fabrication of Polymeric and Organic Nanomaterials using Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates (PRINT) and Imprint Lithography (2006)

We have developed scalable, “top-down” nanofabrication methodologies for the fabrication of polymeric and organic nanostructures for nanobiotechnology and materials engineering. These techniques use highly fluorinated elastomers (Florocur TM ) that possess superior nanoimprinting properties, including error-free nanoscale shape replication of microfabricated, self-assembled, and biological materials. We have used these materials to produce monodisperse, shape-specific organic nanoparticles of many compositions in a process that we call Particle Replication In Non-wetting Templates (PRINT TM ) and for the fabrication of nanostructured surfaces for microelectronics. For pharmacological applications, we are able to fabricate valuable particulate agents such as monodisperse solid drug nanoparticles, targeted therapeutic delivery vectors, and molecular imaging agents. For microelectronics, we have demonstrated the ability to pattern relevant structures such as dual-damascene patterns with nanometer-scale resolution in a single step. We have combined the robust processing capabilities of the microelectronics industry with the flexibility and sophistication of traditional organic materials chemistry to produce unique nanostructured materials that should find many applications in nanomedicine and materials science.
A High-Power-Density High-Efficiency Soft-Switched Single-Phase Universal Input to 28-V Isolated AC–DC Converter Module Designed for Paralleled Operation (2022)

This article presents a high-power-density high-efficiency soft-switched single-phase universal input to 28-V isolated ac–dc converter module designed for parallel operation. The proposed two-stage converter utilizes a totem-pole bridgeless boost power factor correction (PFC) ac–dc converter stage followed by an isolated <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> resonant dc–dc converter stage. A comprehensive design and optimization methodology is presented that compares various designs and operating modes for the converter's power stages and selects the optimal design based on overall power density and efficiency. Additionally, a control scheme is presented for the PFC stage to minimize current distortion by accounting for various sensor, control, and gate-drive delays while ensuring zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of the transistors. Moreover, a new droop control strategy is presented, which utilizes the input current of the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LLC</i> dc–dc stage to ensure equal output current distribution between paralleled modules powering a common output load. To validate the proposed design and control strategy, two 1-kW universal input to 28-V isolated ac–dc converter modules are built and tested. Each prototype converter module achieves a high power density of 84 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> and a peak efficiency of greater than 93% while ensuring a current distribution error of less than 0.3% when operating in parallel to deliver the maximum output power of 2kW.
Customized Graph Neural Networks (2020)

Recently, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have greatly advanced the task of graph classification. Typically, we first build a unified GNN model with graphs in a given training set and then use this unified model to predict labels of all the unseen graphs in the test set. However, graphs in the same dataset often have dramatically distinct structures, which indicates that a unified model may be sub-optimal given an individual graph. Therefore, in this paper, we aim to develop customized graph neural networks for graph classification. Specifically, we propose a novel customized graph neural network framework, i.e., Customized-GNN. Given a graph sample, Customized-GNN can generate a sample-specific model for this graph based on its structure. Meanwhile, the proposed framework is very general that can be applied to numerous existing graph neural network models. Comprehensive experiments on various graph classification benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Sensitivity matrix analysis for contactless electrical conductivity imaging (2010)

In this study, the sensitivity matrix for contactless electrical conductivity imaging was analyzed. Images of conductivity distribution were obtained using the reconstruction algorithms. To analyze the sensitivity matrix, a homogeneous volume conductor with 0.2 S/m conductivity and a 7×7 grid of coil pairs were chosen. Sensitivity distributions for all receiver- transmitter coils were imaged. To image conductivity distribution, forward problem with different conductivity distributions was solved. These results were used as data for inverse problem solution. Images of conductivity distributions were obtained by using Steepest Descent Method, Conjugate Gradient Method and Tikhonov Regularization Method. The best image was obtained using Steepest Descent Method with 2.5% error.
Stochastic Battery SOC Model of EV Community for V2G Operations Using CTA-2045 Standards (2022)

An electric vehicle (EV) battery has large energy storage capacity in the context of residential total usage, and the potential to provide large energy reserves for Home energy Management (HEM) systems. In an electric distribution system, groups of EVs could provide vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service in response to control signals and enable virtual power plant (VPP) operation of the car batteries. The CTA-2045 standards were considered for integration of the EV controls into the HEM system for maximal interoperability with other appliances, such as residential battery, electric water heater, and heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system. The power distribution system under study was modeled based on a modified IEEE 123-bus feeder test case in OpenDSS software. The availability and state of charge (SOC) of EVs were calculated based on the national household travel survey (NHTS) data following a new procedure to create synthetic communities following experimental probability density functions (PDFs). Example case studies for long and short term V2G services were completed in this paper from the perspective of the distribution system. The power flow for the distribution system, the voltages on the buses, as well as the SOCs and available energies of the EVs were calculated following the control signals on an example day.
Novel Azamacrocyclic Conjugates in the Development of Smart and Targeted Contrast Agents for MR Imaging (2005)

Smart MR contrast agents exhibit modulation of their relaxivity by specific physiological or biochemical trigger-events, while targeted MR contrast agents are envisioned to deliver the large gadolinium chelates into the target tissue. In an effort to develop novel smart and targeted MR contrast agents, the series of the DO3A based multifunctional chelating agents with the variable length of the side chain has been synthesized. They serve as valuable multipurpose precursors for contrast agents based on gadolinium chelates in the design of relaxometric MR probes. The presence of the amino group in the side chain of the macrocycle allows for conversion into various functional groups (aminophosponates, aminocarboxylates, etc.) or for conjugation with different biomolecules, dyes, and polymers. Choice of the functional groups depends on the further application of the compounds. A series of gadolinium chelate complexes based on the compounds 1a-d were developed, in order to change relaxivity in magnetic resonance experiments dynamically with Ca2+ concentration. The potential of Ca2+ MR imaging in neuroscience is evident in the intensive efforts to design gadolinium complexes that can act as calcium-dependent MRI contrast agents. Different lengths of the phosphonate side chains are expected to lead to different binding constants of the phosphonate - gadolinium bonds. The latter property can be exploited for fine-tuning the sensitivity of the agent to calcium ion concentration. The sensitivity of the contrast agents for changes in Ca2+ concentrations increased with the chain length of the phosphonate functions, specifically for compound 1d (n=4) the range of Ca2+ concentration is compatible with extracellular physiological conditions. For the purpose of targeted MRI, two macrocyclic bioconjugates were synthesized. A conjugate 2 of Gd-DO3A-EA with biotin was synthesized for targeted imaging in an antibodyavidin system. Mixture of 2 and avidin (4:1) showed 54 relaxivity enhancement for r1 and 311 for r2 relative to the unbound 2. A macrocyclic conjugate 3 of Gd-DO3A-EA with FITC was designed to track cellular binding and internalization by both fluorescence detection and MR imaging. The compound did not show cytotoxicity after treatment up to 50 μM for 24 hrs (NIH-3T3 cells, PI assay). Fluorescence microscopy of living cells displayed detectable internalisation.
Somatostatin analog therapy for severe polycystic liver disease: results after 2 years (2012)

Over 2 years, OctLAR significantly reduced the rate of increase in TLV and possibly the rate of increase in TKV.
Hydroxy‐Functionalized Imidazolium Bromides as Catalysts for the Cycloaddition of CO2 and Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates (2014)

Abstract Hydroxy‐functionalized mono‐ and bisimidazolium bromides were synthesized and applied as catalysts for the cycloaddition of CO 2 and epoxides to cyclic carbonates. A catalyst screening showed the influence of the number of protic hydrogen atoms at the cation for the activation of epoxides. The most active catalyst operates at very mild reaction conditions (70 °C, 0.4 MPa CO 2 ) and can be easily recycled ten times without loss of activity.
CCR 20th Anniversary Commentary: Vorinostat—Gateway to Epigenetic Therapy (2015)

The study by Kelly and colleagues, published in the September 1, 2003, issue of Clinical Cancer Research, established the safety and biologic activity of the first-in-class histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat, which was administered intravenously. Subsequent studies led to the development of oral vorinostat and the regulatory approval of vorinostat for cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, which opened the door for the next generation of inhibitors.
Figo: Mobility-Aware In-Flight Service Assignment and Reconfiguration with Deep Q-Learning (2020)

Today, on-board passengers desire to have in-flight services such as Voice-over-IP (VoIP) and video streaming. These services are usually hosted by geographically distributed Data Centers (DCs) that are built/rented by the airline companies. Flights can be connected to these DCs using two types of Air-to-Ground (A2G) communication alternatives: i) satellite (SC), and ii) Direct-Air-to-Ground connections (DA2G). These two options are different in terms of propagation delay, capacity, and availability. Focusing on reducing the delay of the inflight services, each airplane should be assigned to a nearby DC. However, due to the mobility of flights, a permanent DC assignment might not lead to an acceptable service delay for the flight duration. Therefore, the flight needs to be reassigned to another DC (reconfiguration) along its route, which comes with a cost. The real challenge in this work is to find the best assignments of each airplane to DC(s) and determine the required reconfigurations such that the sum of routing and reconfiguration delay is minimized. We model this problem as a Multi-Period Generalized Assignment Problem (MPGAP) and formulate it as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) optimization model. To overcome the scalability issues of the ILP, we propose Figo, a flight control framework that solves the MPGAP problem using deep Q-learning. Considering a realistic European-based Space-Air-Ground-Integrated Network (SAGIN) and a real set of flights, we compare the performance of Figo against the optimal. The results indicate that Figo can achieve 7% optimality gap in the worst case, while reducing the runtime from hours to seconds.
High-speed and compact silicon modulator based on a racetrack resonator with a 1 V drive voltage (2010)

Fast, compact, and power-efficient silicon microcavity electro-optic modulators are expected to be critical components for chip-level optical interconnects. It is highly desirable that these modulators can be driven by voltage swings of 1 V or less to reduce power dissipation and make them compatible with voltage supply levels associated with current and future complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology nodes. Here, we present a silicon racetrack resonator modulator that achieves over 8 dB modulation depth at 12.5 Gbps with a 1 V swing. In addition, the use of a racetrack resonator geometry relaxes the tight lithography resolution requirements typically associated with microring resonators and enhances the ability to use common lithographic optical techniques for their fabrication.
Utility of a Molecular Signature for Predicting Recurrence and Progression in Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer Patients: Comparison with the EORTC, CUETO and 2021 EAU Risk Groups (2022)

To evaluate the utility of different risk assessments in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients, a total of 178 NMIBC patients from Chungbuk National University Hospital (CBNUH) were enrolled, and the predictive value of the molecular signature-based subtype predictor (MSP888) and risk calculators based on clinicopathological factors (EORTC, CUETO and 2021 EAU risk scores) was compared. Of the 178 patients, 49 were newly analyzed by the RNA-sequencing, and their MSP888 subtype was evaluated. The ability of the EORTC, MSP888 and two molecular subtyping systems of bladder cancer (Lund and UROMOL subtypes) to predict progression of 460 NMIBC patients from the UROMOL project was assessed. Cox regression analyses showed that the MSP888 was an independent predictor of NMIBC progression in the CBNUH cohort (p = 0.043). Particularly in patients without an intravesical BCG immunotherapy, MSP888 significantly linked with risk of disease recurrence and progression (both p < 0.05). However, the EORTC, CUETO and 2021 EAU risk scores showed disappointing results with respect to estimating the NMIBC prognosis. In the UROMOL cohort, the MSP888, Lund and UROMOL subtypes demonstrated a similar capacity to predict NMIBC progression (all p < 0.05). Conclusively, the MSP888 is favorable for stratifying patients to facilitate optimal treatment.
The Effect of Heat Treatment on Interaction, Microstructure and Oxygen Storage Capacity of Pt Added CeO2 on Alumina (2011)

We investigated the morphology, temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of Pt-added CeO2 on alumina. The effect of heat treatment on interaction and microstructure of Pt and CeO2 on alumina was investigated by the comparison of the peak temperature in the TPR profiles as well as the improvement of OSC by Pt addition. The active interaction of Pt and CeO2 appeared as the TPR peak at 160°C but degenerated by the sintering of Pt after heat treatment at 1000°C. After the atomistic interaction of Pt/CeO2 is destroyed by high-temperature treatment, the oxygen is released via the diffusion on the surface to react with hydrogen on Pt at around 260°C. The Pt/CeO2 site become inactive because of sintering of Pt particles, and then the OSC was weakened.
Syntheses of Isoquinoline and Substituted Quinolines in Charged Microdroplets (2015)

Abstract A Pomeranz–Fritsch synthesis of isoquinoline and Friedländer and Combes syntheses of substituted quinolines were conducted in charged microdroplets produced by an electrospray process at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure. In the bulk phase, all of these reactions are known to take a long time ranging from several minutes to a few days and to require very high acid concentrations. In sharp contrast, the present report provides clear evidence that all of these reactions occur on the millisecond timescale in the charged microdroplets without the addition of any external acid. Decreasing the droplet size and increasing the charge of the droplet both strongly contribute to reaction rate acceleration, suggesting that the reaction occurs in a confined environment on the charged surface of the droplet.
Inhalation of lnterleukin‐2 Combined with Subcutaneous Administration of Interferon for the Treatment of Pulmonary Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma (1997)

Although more cases and further evaluation are necessary to assess the significance and the safety of the inhalation of interleukin-2, this treatment is anticipated to be an option for selected patients with lung metastases from renal cell carcinoma.
Interference Mitigation and Multiuser Multiplexing with Beam-Steering Antennas (2015)

5 S.