gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Sparse Superposition Codes (2017)

Sparse superposition codes (SSCs) are capacity achieving codes whose decoding process is a linear sensing problem. Decoding approaches thus exploit the approximate message passing algorithm, which has been proven to be effective in compressing sensing. Previous work from the authors has evaluated the error correction performance of SSCs under finite precision and finite code length. This paper proposes the first SSC encoder and decoder architectures in the literature. The architectures are parametrized and applicable to all SSCs: A set of wide-ranging case studies is then considered, and code-specific approximations, along with implementation results in 65 nm CMOS technology, are then provided. The encoding process can be carried out with low power consumption (≤2.103 mW), while the semi-parallel decoder architecture can reach a throughput of 1.3 Gb/s with a 768 × 6-bit SSC codeword and an area occupation of 2.43 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
SCoRe — Concepts of Liquid Metal Cooled Space Reactors for Avoidance of Single-Point Failure (2005)

Space nuclear Reactor Power Systems (SRPSs) are being developed to meet electrical power requirements for NASA’s planetary exploration missions early next decade. In addition to enjoying some degree of autonomy, these systems need to operate reliably through the end of the mission, which could not be realized solely through a redundancy in the reactor’s coolant loop. Besides increasing the total system mass, such hardware redundancy does not eliminate a single‐point failure in the reactor and subsequent loss of coolant. This paper presents three concepts of the liquid metal cooled. Sectored, Compact Reactor (SCoRe) for the avoidance of single‐point failure. The SCoRe‐S, ScoRe‐M, and SCoRe‐L concepts are for small, medium, and large reactor cores, covering a wide range of electrical power requirements, from 10’s of kWe to a few MWe. As a common feature in all SCoRe concepts, the reactor core is divided into six sectors that are neutronically coupled but thermal‐hydraulically decoupled. The dividers of the sectors are liquid metal heat pipes, which facilitate cooling a sector experiencing a Loss of Coolant (LOC) by passively transporting the fission power generated in it to the two adjacent sectors without losing the mission. At the same time, the fission power of the reactor is reduced to avoid overheating the fuel in the sector experiencing a LOC. The SCoRe concepts have compact, hexagonal cores surrounded by a relatively thick (10 cm minimum) BeO reflector and axial BeO reflector that is 4 cm thick. The SCoRe is placed directly in front of the radiation shield, thus reducing the shield mass and that of the power system. In SCoRe‐S cores, the UN fuel pins are arranged in a triangular lattice while in the SCoRe‐M and SCoRe‐L cores, the UN fuel pins arranged in a triangular lattice are assembled in 19‐pin and 37‐pin shrouded bundles, respectively.
Nature‐Inspired Stereospecific Total Synthesis of P‐(+)‐Dispegatrine and Four Other Monomeric Sarpagine Indole Alkaloids (2012)

All five: The first total synthesis of the C2-symmetric indole alkaloid 1 involved a late-stage thallium(III) acetate-mediated intermolecular oxidative coupling to construct the C9C9′ bond with complete regio- and stereocontrol. The formation of a single atropodiastereomer in this critical step arises from internal asymmetric induction. The first total synthesis of four other monomeric sarpagine indole alkaloids is also described.
Lumped circuit model for inductive antenna spin-wave transducers (2022)

We derive a lumped circuit model for inductive antenna spin-wave transducers in the vicinity of a ferromagnetic medium. The model considers the antenna's Ohmic resistance, its inductance, as well as the additional inductance due to the excitation of ferromagnetic resonance or spin waves in the ferromagnetic medium. As an example, the additional inductance is discussed for a wire antenna on top of a ferromagnetic waveguide, a structure that is characteristic for many magnonic devices and experiments. The model is used to assess the scaling properties and the energy efficiency of inductive antennas. Issues related to scaling antenna transducers to the nanoscale and possible solutions are also addressed.
The upgraded intense positron beam facility at the PULSTAR reactor (2019)

The intense positron beam user facility at the PULSTAR reactor of the North Carolina State University has undergone recent upgrades to address issues caused by radiation damage over the years to the Tungsten moderator and the main beam structure. The two-bank Tungsten moderator is replaced with a four-bank Platinum moderator. The effect of moderator geometry has been systematically studied using SIMION and COMSOL multiphysics and the positron transport efficiency is optimized. Initial tests showed a positron rate of nearly 6×108 e+/s. The two associated spectrometers were also modified to improve their performance. The magnetically guided spectrometer with an RF buncher (e+-PAS) has been upgraded to include a new pre-buncher and a modified chopper to significantly improve the signal to noise ratio for PALS spectroscopy. In addition, a sample changer with heating and cooling capabilities is under development to address the sample turn-around efficiency and evacuation time. Meanwhile, the electrostatically focused Ps-PAS spectrometer is under an upgrade to further shrink the beam spot size and improve the beam brightness. Magnetic shielding is being implemented between the two remoderator stages and the electrostatic lenses have been redesigned to achieve better beam focusing. After the first-phase of modifications, the on-sample spot size is expected to be improved from ∼2 mm to ∼0.5 mm. The second-phase of modifications involves the implementation of a third stage of brightness enhancement and a final magnetic focusing lens. The new features will allow the beam to be focused down to less than 100 µm and enable measurement with a spatial resolution of several tens of micrometers.
Data from Combination Drug Scheduling Defines a “Window of Opportunity” for Chemopotentiation of Gemcitabine by an Orally Bioavailable, Selective ChK1 Inhibitor, GNE-900 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Checkpoint kinase 1 (ChK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that functions as a central mediator of the intra-S and G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–M cell-cycle checkpoints. Following DNA damage or replication stress, ChK1-mediated phosphorylation of downstream effectors delays cell-cycle progression so that the damaged genome can be repaired. As a therapeutic strategy, inhibition of ChK1 should potentiate the antitumor effect of chemotherapeutic agents by inactivating the postreplication checkpoint, causing premature entry into mitosis with damaged DNA resulting in mitotic catastrophe. Here, we describe the characterization of GNE-900, an ATP-competitive, selective, and orally bioavailable ChK1 inhibitor. In combination with chemotherapeutic agents, GNE-900 sustains ATR/ATM signaling, enhances DNA damage, and induces apoptotic cell death. The kinetics of checkpoint abrogation seems to be more rapid in p53-mutant cells, resulting in premature mitotic entry and/or accelerated cell death. Importantly, we show that GNE-900 has little single-agent activity in the absence of chemotherapy and does not grossly potentiate the cytotoxicity of gemcitabine in normal bone marrow cells. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt; scheduling studies show that optimal administration of the ChK1 inhibitor requires a defined lag between gemcitabine and GNE-900 administration. On the refined combination treatment schedule, gemcitabine's antitumor activity against chemotolerant xenografts is significantly enhanced and dose-dependent exacerbation of DNA damage correlates with extent of tumor growth inhibition. In summary, we show that &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; potentiation of gemcitabine activity is mechanism based, with optimal efficacy observed when S-phase arrest and release is followed by checkpoint abrogation with a ChK1 inhibitor. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 1968–80. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Performance of altruistic beamforming for mitigation of multiple cross-layer interference sources in heterogeneous networks (2013)

In this paper, we study the impact of cross-layer interference in a two-tier Heterogeneous Network (Het-Net), where the assumption of a single dominant interferer is not always valid. We investigate the improvements that can be achieved when Transmit Beamforming (TBF) is utilized to mitigate the interference originating from multiple interference sources. For this purpose, closed-form expressions are presented to model the outage capacity of a heavily interfered Macro User Equipment (MUE), when a variable number of Femto Base Stations (FBSs) substitute their current beamforming vectors that maximize own-user performance (i.e., egoistic TBF) with those that minimize emitted interference (i.e., altruistic TBF). Our analysis reveals that application of altruistic TBF is most efficient when performed in clusters of interferers, ranked from strongest to weakest according to the level of interference that is observed at the MUE. Determination of the optimal number of participating clusters is strongly connected to the type of feedback algorithm used, and the resolution of the feedback message to be exchanged.
Gene Targeting of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Homologous Recombination (2014)

The ability of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into all adult cell types greatly facilitates the study of human development, disease pathogenesis, and the generation of screening systems to identify novel therapeutic agents. Autologous cell therapies based on patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells also hold great promise for the treatment and correction of many inherited and acquired diseases. The full potential of human pluripotent stem cells can be unleashed by genetically modifying a chosen locus with minimal impact on the remaining genome, which can be achieved by targeting genes by homologous recombination. This chapter will describe a protocol for gene modification of pluripotent stem cells by homologous recombination and several methods for the screening and identification of successfully modified clones.
A Reexamination of Some Nonverbal Perceptual Abilities of Language-Impaired and Normal Children as a Function of Age and Sensory Modality (1981)

A battery of nonverbal perceptual and memory tests were given to 35 language-impaired (LI) and 38 control subjects. Three modalities of tests were given: auditory, visual, and cross-modal (auditory and visual). The purpose was to reexamine some nonverbal perceptual and memory abilities of LI children as a function of age and modality of stimulation. Results failed to replicate previous findings of a temporal processing deficit that is specific to the auditory modality in LI children. The LI group made significantly more errors than did controls regardless of modality of stimulation when 2-item sequences were presented rapidly, or when more than two stimuli were presented in series. However, further analyses resolved this apparent conflict between the present and earlier studies by demonstrating that age is an important variable underlying modality specificity of perceptual performance in LI children. Whereas younger LI children were equally impaired when responding to stimuli presented rapidly to the auditory and visual modality, older LI subjects made nearly twice as many errors responding to rapidly presented auditory rather than visual stimuli. This developmental difference did not occur for the control group.
Thermophysical Characterization of Automotive Fluids (2006)

*† ‡ Thermophysical properties of automotive fluids have become increasingly important in designing advanced automotive systems and components. By controlling the t hermophysical properties of automotive fluids, the thermal management of automotive systems can be better controlled . We have studied in detail the temperature dependence of t hermal conductivity, spec ific heat capacity, dens ity, and kinematic viscosity for a range of oils and coolants used in automotive systems . Engineering properties, such as Prandlt and Nuss elt numbers, were calculated from the measured thermophysical properties and are compared for the fluids studied . Finally, we discuss the importance of vapor pressure and surface tension measurements as means for assessing fluid behavior effects in systems and for fluid formulation development . Our study indicate s that the combined effects for each of these measured factors and their temperature dependence, are crucial in quantifying the overall heat transfer and thermal management of automotive systems . Nomenclature h = heat transfer coefficient u = velocity ∝ = dynamic viscosity Cp = specific hea t capacity at constant pressure m = mass flow rate
Tracking the 3D Rotational Dynamics in Nanoscopic Biological Systems (2020)

The rotation of an object cannot be fully tracked without understanding a set of three angles, namely, roll, pitch, and yaw. Tracking these angles as a three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DoF) rotation is a fundamental measurement, facilitating, for example, attitude control of a ship, image stabilization to reduce camera shake, and self-driving cars. Until now, however, there has been no method to track 3-DoF rotation to measure nanometer-scale dynamics in biomolecules and live cells. Here we show that 3-DoF rotation of biomolecules can be visualized via nitrogen-vacancy centers in a fluorescent nanodiamond using a tomographic vector magnetometry technique. We demonstrate application of the method to three different types of biological systems. First, we tracked the rotation of a single molecule of the motor protein F1-ATPase by attaching a nanodiamond to the γ-subunit. We visualized the 3-step rotation of the motor in 3D space and, moreover, a delay of ATP binding or ADP release step in the catalytic reaction. Second, we attached a nanodiamond to a membrane protein in live cells to report on cellular membrane dynamics, showing that 3D rotational motion of the membrane protein correlates with intracellular cytoskeletal density. Last, we used the method to track nonrandom motions in the intestine of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>. Collectively, our findings show that the method can record nanoscale 3-DoF rotation in vitro, in cells, and even in vivo. 3-DoF rotation tracking introduces a new perspective on microscopic biological samples, revealing in greater detail the functional mechanisms due to nanoscale dynamics in molecules and cells.
Selective suppression of t‐cell activity in tumor‐bearing mice and its improvement by lentinan, a potent anti‐tumor polysaccharide (1976)

The cellular site of immunosuppression in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice was analysed with particular reference to the T- and B-cell activities. The B-cell activity as measured by the anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) antibody responses to DNP-thymus-independent carriers (TID) was not impaired in tumor-bearing mice as compared with normal mice, whereas the anti-DNP antibody response to DNP-thymus-dependent carriers (TD) and the development of helper T-cell activity to TD were markedly suppressed in tumor-bearing animals or mice pretreated with cell-free cancerous ascitic fluid. The selective suppression of T-cell response was not mediated by the generation of suppressor cell activity toward TD, which may depress the manifestation of developed helper T-cell activity. A marked suppression of T-cell response was observed when the animals were inoculated with tumor cells or injected with cancerous ascitic fluid prior to antigenic stimulation, but not when the animals were rendered tumor-bearing by such treatments after the immunization. The suppression of T-cell activity in both sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing mice and cell-free Ehrlich cancerous ascitic fluid-treated mice was prevented by treatment with lentinan, a potent anti-tumor polysaccharide. The applicability of this experimental system to the search for immunopotentiators relevant to tumor immunotherapy is discussed in the light of the preventive effect of lentinan on the suppression of T-cell response in tumor-bearing animals.
Trustable service discovery for highly dynamic decentralized workflows (2022)

The quantity and capabilities of smart devices and sensors deployed as part of the Internet of Things (IoT) and accessible via remote microservices is set to rise dramatically as the provision of interactive data streaming increases. This introduces opportunities to rapidly construct new applications by interconnecting these microservices in different workflow configurations. The challenge is to discover the required microservices, including those from trusted partners and the wider community, whilst being able to operate robustly under diverse networking conditions. This paper outlines a workflow approach that provides decentralized discovery and orchestration of verifiably trustable services in support of multi-party operations. The approach is based on adoption of patterns from self-sovereign identity research, notably Verifiable Credentials, to share information amongst peers based on attestations of service descriptions and prior service usage in a privacy preserving and secure manner. This provides a dynamic, trust-based framework for ratifying and evaluating the qualities of different services. Collating these new service descriptions and integrating with existing decentralized workflow research based on vector symbolic architecture (VSA) provides an enhanced semantic search space for efficient and trusted service discovery that is necessary to support a diverse range of emerging edge-computing environments. An architecture for a dynamic decentralized service discovery system, is designed, and described through application to a scenario which uses trusted peers’ reported experiences of an anomaly detection service to determine service selection.
Using World Models for Pseudo-Rehearsal in Continual Learning. (2019)

The utility of learning a dynamics/world model of the environment in reinforcement learning has been shown in a many ways. When using neural networks, however, these models suffer catastrophic forgetting when learned in a lifelong or continual fashion. Current solutions to the continual learning problem require experience to be segmented and labeled as discrete tasks, however, in continuous experience it is generally unclear what a sufficient segmentation of tasks would be. Here we propose a method to continually learn these internal world models through the interleaving of internally generated rollouts from past experiences (i.e., pseudo-rehearsal). We show this method can sequentially learn unsupervised temporal prediction, without task labels, in a disparate set of Atari games. Empirically, this interleaving of the internally generated rollouts with the external environment's observations leads to an average 4.5x reduction in temporal prediction loss compared to non-interleaved learning. Similarly, we show that the representations of this internal model remain stable across learned environments. Here, an agent trained using an initial version of the internal model can perform equally well when using a subsequent version that has successfully incorporated experience from multiple new environments.
RNAi-Mediated Inhibition of Activated Protein C- A New Approach for Hemophilia Treatment (2011)

Abstract Abstract 1204 Protein C is a major anticoagulation factor that serves as a key regulator of the clotting cascade. Activated protein C (APC), which is formed by limited proteolysis of the zymogen protein C by the thrombin–thrombomodulin complex, modulates thrombin generation. The anticoagulant effect of APC is due to subsequent inactivation of both activated factors V (FVa) and VIII (FVIIIa). The important role of APC in coagulation is highlighted in FV Leiden (FVL), the most common inherited form of thrombophilia. FVL is caused by a mutation in the FV gene at the initial APC cleavage site, which results in FVL being inactivated at approximately one tenth the rate of normal FVa, leading to high thrombin levels that create a procoagulant state. Several clinical studies have suggested that the severity or onset of bleeding phenotype in hemophilia patients is substantially reduced in association with impaired inactivation of FVa by APC in the presence of the FVL mutation. Transgenic animal studies also show that hemophilic mice, either heterozygous or homozygous for FVL, have improved clotting times with the ability to form clots at sites of laser-induced injury in a microvascular bed injury model, supporting the role of the FVL mutation in enhancing hemostasis. Therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the level of protein C and activated protein C, thereby increasing levels of FVa and thrombin could thus prove efficacious in hemophilia A and B. Here we investigate the systemic administration of lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulated siRNA directed against Protein C (encoded by Proc). We have designed potent siRNA sequences against human, cynomologous monkey, dog, mouse and rat Proc mRNA. The lead human/cynomologous candidate has an IC50 of 5pM. The lead mouse/rat candidate has an IC50 of 30 pM and an ED50 of 20 ug/kg. We demonstrate robust and durable inhibition of Proc mRNA in normal mouse liver- a single injection of 0.3 mg/kg resulted in 90% silencing of Proc mRNA and reduction of more than 75% which was sustained for more than two weeks. We also demonstrate significant reduction of circulating protein as measured by Western blot. Further testing using genetic models of hemophilia is being conducted to provide proof-of-concept for developing a Proc siRNA as a novel therapeutic agent in hemophilia management. Disclosures: Toudjarska: Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Cai:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Racie:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Hettinger:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Milstein:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Bettencourt:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Sah:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Bumcrot:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Maraganore:Alnylam pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment. Vaishnaw:Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Inc.: Employment.
Comparison of PSF for non CAR and CAR resists in E-Beam lithography (2011)

International audience
Thermoelectric Properties of Zn[sub x]In[sub y]O[sub x+1.5y] Films (2010)

Ceramic thin film thermocouples are being developed to replace noble metal thermocouples operating within the harsh environments of advanced turbine engines used for power generation and propulsion. Seebeck coefficients as large as 158 V/°C were determined for indium oxide (In2O3) at 950°C and 256 V/°C for zinc oxide ZnO at 1250°C relative to platinum reference electrodes. Because these Seebeck coefficients are appreciably larger than those for metallic thermocouples, alloys in the system indium zinc oxide ZnxInyOx+1.5y were investigated by cosputtering from high purity ZnO and In2O3 targets. Thermocouple libraries were patterned with platinum reference electrodes and rapidly screened using combinatorial chemistry techniques. Thermoelectric response, power, and resistivity were determined for each thermocouple in the library. Thermocouples with the optimum compositions were prepared and the resulting power factor of the biceramic junctions was determined from 75 to 650°C.