gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Feasibility Study Evaluating the Effect of Radiotherapy Alone Or Combined with 5-Fluorouracil in the Treatment of Locally Recurrent Or Inoperable Colorectal Carcinoma (1993)

The effect of radiotherapy alone or given simultaneously with 5-FU in the treatment of locally recurrent or inoperable colorectal carcinoma was investigated in a randomized feasibility trial. Twenty-nine patients were randomized to radiotherapy alone (50 Gy/5 weeks + 10-20 Gy boost), and 30 patients to the same radiotherapy with weekly 5-FU (600 mg/m2) given before treatment every Monday during the first 5 weeks. The two groups were comparable with regard to age, sex, previous treatment, symptoms, tumour size and performance status. Treatment compliance to radiotherapy was the same in both groups with 87% receiving at least 50 Gy. Drug treatment was completed in 18/30 patients. Overall the treatment resulted in a significant palliative effect in 73% of evaluable patients with a median duration of 26 months, and objective response in 32% (8 CR, 11 PR), with a median duration of 18 months. The 3-year actuarial survival rate was 9% (median 12 months). Only patients who achieved CR became long-time survivors (63% 3-year actuarial survival). Similarly, performance status had a strong association with survival. Multivariate analysis showed complete response and high performance status to be the only parameters having prognostic influence on survival. Addition of 5-FU did neither influence the objective or symptomatic response, nor the development of distant metastases. However, addition of the drug resulted in an apparent increase in the frequency of severe acute radiation complications (33% vs. 13% after irradiation alone).
UV-protective Effects of Phytoecdysteroids from Microsorum grossum Extracts on Human Dermal Fibroblasts (2015)

Microsorum grossum (Polypodiaceae), locally called metuapua'a, is one of the most frequently used fern species in Polynesian traditional medicine. Fronds or rhizomes of this species are common ingredients of popular medicine recipes to cure various ailments. M. grossum frond and rhizome extracts contain, as their main bioactive components, phytoecdysteroids such as 20-hydroxyecdysone, known to have many interesting biological activities and considered to be adaptogenic compounds [1]. The skin-active effect of M. grossum extract was investigated in two ways on human dermal fibroblasts: a transcriptomic study with c-DNA array for gene expression modulation and a Stress Induced Premature Senescence (SIPS) test. The total extract of M. grossum up-regulates Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO1), an enzyme which protects cells from oxidative stress and which is responsible for skin photoimmunoprotection. The present paper also reports that premature senescence of human skin induced by repeated UV irradiations can be prevented by an ecdysteroid fraction of M. grossum. Our data indicate that extracts of M. grossum could protect skin against oxidative stresses and suggest that they could be used as innovative active cosmetic ingredients.
Ultra clean processing of silicon surfaces 2000 : proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Ultra Clean Processing of Silicon Surfaces (UCPSS 2000), held in Ostend, Belgium, September 18-20, 2000 (2001)

The proceedings of the Fifth International Symposium on Ultra Clean Processing of Silicon Surfaces cover all aspects of ultra-clean Si-technology: cleaning, contamination control, Si-surface chemistry and topography, and its relationship to device performance and process yield. New areas of concern include: cleaning at the interconnect level, resist strip and polymer removal (dry and wet), cleaning and contamination aspects of metallization, wafer backside cleaning and cleaning after chemical-mechanical-polisihing (CMP). Judging from the large number of papers dealing with wet cleaning processes, it is clear that this is still the dominant cleaning technology at present. Various papers deal with single-wafer wet cleaning which is expected to replace the more standard batch-type cleaning systems in various applications in the coming years. At the previous Symposium a lot of interesting work was presented on the use of ozonated DI-water as a replacement for sulphuric-based mixtures, especially for resist strip. A lot of progress has been made in this area during 1999-2000 and many new exciting results were presented on this topic. Clear progress has also been made in understanding the effects of megasonics and in the area of cleaning after chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP). Last but not least, a lot of interesting work was presented on environmentally benign processing technology.
24-mJ, 2-kHz pulse generation with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser oscillator and fiber amplifier hybrid system (2007)

In this paper, we study the pulse generation with the experimental apparatus consists of an in-house Q-switched Nd:YAG rod laser oscillator and a Yb-doped fiber amplifier. As a result, we obtained an average output power of 48 W with a typical clean Q-switched pulse waveform at a repetition rate of 2 kHz. This is, to our knowledge, the highest pulse energy obtained with a solid-state-laser oscillator and a fiber-based amplifier scheme.
Styrenic Block Copolymer Elastomers (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthesis of Styrenic Block Copolymer Elastomers Properties of Styrenic Block Copolymer Elastomers Applications of Styrenic Block Copolymer Elastomers References
Performance Evaluation of MISO-SDMA in Heterogeneous Networks with Practical Cell Association (2016)

In this paper adopting stochastic geometry we investigate the system performance in heterogeneous networks including multiple tiers of BSs with multiple-input single output spatial division multiple access (MISO-SDMA) technique. In the related literature on heterogeneous systems, ideal cell association (CA) rules are often considered for simplicity, where each user equipment (UE) examines a very large number of pilots across the tiers before choosing its associated base station (BS). Here we consider practical cases where UEs are restricted to examine K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> ≥ 1 pilots across all tiers before choosing their associated BS. We then obtain closed-form expressions for the system performance measured by the coverage probability and UE's data rate. Our analytical results provide quantitative insights on the impact of different factors on the system performance including the BS's spatial density, their transmission powers, number of transmit antennas, SIR thresholds, number of UEs served by each BS, and K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> . Interestingly, we observe that increasing K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> always improves the coverage probability however, it only improves data rate up to a certain point. The data rate is then reduced by further increasing of K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> . Given K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> pilots in practical cases, the issue is how to allocate the pilots among different tiers. We address this issue by developing an algorithm and show that by careful allocation of available pilots, the network performance is significantly improved even in cases with small K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">H</sub> . Our results also indicate a fundamental tradeoff, as sharing strategies providing the best coverage performance yield very poor capacity and vice versa. Such trade-off provides a new degree of freedom in heterogeneous networks design.
5,6-O-Isopropylidene-3-C-methyl-D-mannono-1,4-lactone (2007)

The relative configuration of the title compound, C10H16O6, was firmly established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of 2-C-methyl-d-arabinose as the starting material. The crystal structure exists as hydrogen-bonded sheets lying approximately perpendicular to c.
Mechanical Properties of a Spray-Cast Aluminum Alloy Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation (2007)

Experiments were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties of a spray-cast Al- 7034 alloy processed by severe plastic deformation. The alloy was received with an average grain size of ~2.1 μm and processed by equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) at a temperature of 473 K to give a grain size of ~0.3 μm after 6 or 8 passes. Following ECAP, the mechanical properties were evaluated at room temperature (298 K) and at an elevated temperature of 673 K. In tensile testing at ambient temperature, the stress-strain curves show very short regions of strain hardening after ECAP and low values for the ultimate tensile strength by comparison with the unpressed alloy. This lack of strength is due to the high pressures imposed by ECAP and the consequent fragmentation and dissolution of the rod-like MgZn2 precipitates. It is shown that the strength may be restored by performing an appropriate ageing treatment after ECAP. Superplastic ductilities were recorded at a temperature of 673 K with tensile elongations exceeding 1000%. Careful inspection of the polished surfaces of samples pulled to fracture in the superplastic condition revealed the occurrence of extensive internal cavitation. Quantitative measurements showed the development of these internal cavities is consistent with conventional superplastic alloys.
Model-Based Fault Detection and Isolation of a Liquid-Cooled Frequency Converter on a Wind Turbine (2012)

With the rapid development of wind energy technologies and growth of installed wind turbine capacity in the world, the reliability of the wind turbine becomes an important issue for wind turbine manufactures, owners, and operators. The reliability of the wind turbine can be improved by implementing advanced fault detection and isolation schemes. In this paper, an observer-based fault detection and isolation method for the cooling system in a liquid-cooled frequency converter on a wind turbine which is built up in a scalar version in the laboratory is presented. A dynamic model of the scale cooling system is derived based on energy balance equation. A fault analysis is conducted to determine the severity and occurrence rate of possible component faults and their end effects in the cooling system. A method using unknown input observer is developed in order to detect and isolate the faults based on the developed dynamical model. The designed fault detection and isolation algorithm is applied on a set of measured experiment data in which different faults are artificially introduced to the scaled cooling system. The experimental results conclude that the different faults are successfully detected and isolated.
Maximizing Communication Concurrency via Link-Layer Packet Salvaging in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Carrier-sense medium access control (MAC) protocols such as the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) avoid collisions by holding up pending packet transmission requests when a carrier signal is observed above a certain threshold. However, this often results in unnecessarily conservative communication, thus making it difficult to maximize the utilization of the spatial spectral resource. This paper shows that a higher aggregate throughput can be achieved by allowing more concurrent communications and adjusting the communication distance on the fly, which needs provisions for the following two areas. On the one hand, carrier sense-based MAC protocols do not allow aggressive communication attempts when they are within the carrier senseable area. On the other hand, the communication distance is generally neither short nor adjustable because multihop routing protocols strive for providing minimum hop paths. This paper proposes a new MAC algorithm, called multiple access with salvation army (MASA), which adopts less sensitive carrier sensing to promote more concurrent communications and adjusts the communication distance adaptively via "packet salvaging" at the MAC layer. Extensive simulation based on the ns-2 has shown MASA to outperform the DCF, particularly in terms of packet delay. We also discuss the implementation of MASA based on the DCF specification
Synthesis of the derivatives of 6‐amino‐uracil labelled with 14C (2016)

The radioactively labelled 6-amino-5-nitroso-uracil (1) and 5-acetyl-6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-uracil (2) were required for metabolic studies to assess their suitability as drug candidates. A common precursor for both compounds was [cyano-<sup>14</sup> C]cyanoacetic acid (6), readily prepared from potassium [<sup>14</sup> C]cyanide. ACS reagents, namely, diethyl ether, acetic acid and acetic anhydride, had to be rigorously repurified to achieve a successful synthesis of <sup>14</sup> C-labelled compounds on a tenth-of-a-milligramme scale. 6-Amino-5-nitroso-[6-<sup>14</sup> C]uracil (1-<sup>14</sup> C) (0.55 mCi) was prepared with radiochemical purity > 98% and specific activity (SA) = 55.6 mCi/mmol. 5-Acetyl-6-amino-1,3-dimethyl-[6-<sup>14</sup> C]uracil (2-<sup>14</sup> C) (8 mCi) was prepared with radiochemical purity > 97% and SA = 55.6 mCi/mmol. It has been shown that a SA assay can be made from standard <sup>13</sup> C NMR spectra, thus avoiding the need to perform lengthier inverse-gated <sup>13</sup> C NMR experiments.
Evaluation intégrée et multidisciplinaire de la qualité du milieu par l’approche “Weight-of-Evidence” : application à une étude de cas le long de la Seine (PIREN-Seine) (2016)

/ L'évaluation de la qualité des environnements fortement anthropisés, tel que le bassin de la Seine, et donc assujettis à des apports chroniques très complexes, constitue un véritable challenge et doit s'appuyer conjointement sur des analyses chimiques du milieu et les réponses du biote face à cette pression. La présente étude propose l'intégration et la synthèse d'un jeu de données pluridisciplinaire varié acquis lors du suivi de trois sites-ateliers le long de la Seine (à l'amont et à l'aval de Paris) au cours de quatre campagnes étalées sur une année, dans le cadre du programme PIREN-Seine (Phase 6). L'analyse repose sur l'application de l'approche « Weight-of-Evidence » consistant à examiner quatre volets ou lines of evidence combinant analyses chimiques du milieu (eau et sédiment), biodisponibilité des contaminants (bioaccumulation) et mesures de biomarqueurs chez des gammares exposés in situ, et réponses de tests de toxicité en laboratoire. Les résultats de chaque LOE reflètent parfaitement le gradient anthropique de la zone d'étude avec des niveaux de contaminations et des perturbations biologiques croissants de l'amont à l'aval de Paris. En se basant sur la moyenne annuelle, le risque environnemental global a pu être classé comme « modéré » pour le site amont et « sévère » pour les deux sites aval. L'analyse a également permis de mettre en évidence une certaine variabilité saisonnière, identifiant la campagne hivernale comme la moins fortement impactée. Le modèle a notamment été affiné par l'utilisation de valeurs de référence et de seuils de réponses issus d'études menées à large échelle géographique et intégrant certains facteurs confondants. La démarche appliquée ici s'est avérée très adaptée et performante, et pourrait représenter un outil d'aide à la décision d'un intérêt indéniable pour les différents acteurs environnementaux dans le cadre d'une analyse du risque environnemental.
Kinetic Study of Neuropeptide Y (NPY) Proteolysis in Blood and Identification of NPY3–35 (2009)

There is little information on how neuropeptide Y (NPY) proteolysis by peptidases occurs in serum, in part because reliable techniques are lacking to distinguish different NPY immunoreactive forms and also because the factors affecting the expression of these enzymes have been poorly studied. In the present study, LC-MS/MS was used to identify and quantify NPY fragments resulting from peptidolytic cleavage of NPY(1-36) upon incubation with human serum. Kinetic studies indicated that NPY(1-36) is rapidly cleaved in serum into 3 main fragments with the following order of efficacy: NPY(3-36) >> NPY(3-35) > NPY(2-36). Trace amounts of additional NPY forms were identified by accurate mass spectrometry. Specific inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV, kallikrein, and aminopeptidase P prevented the production of NPY(3-36), NPY(3-35), and NPY(2-36), respectively. Plasma kallikrein at physiological concentrations converted NPY(3-36) into NPY(3-35). Receptor binding assays revealed that NPY(3-35) is unable to bind to NPY Y1, Y2, and Y5 receptors; thus NPY(3-35) may represent the major metabolic clearance product of the Y2/Y5 agonist, NPY(3-36).
The Colorectal Cancer Tumor Microenvironment and Its Impact on Liver and Lung Metastasis (2021)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. A total of 20% of CRC patients present with distant metastases, most frequently to the liver and lung. In the primary tumor, as well as at each metastatic site, the cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) contribute to tumor engraftment and metastasis. These include immune cells (macrophages, neutrophils, T lymphocytes, and dendritic cells) and stromal cells (cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells). In this review, we highlight how the TME influences tumor progression and invasion at the primary site and its function in fostering metastatic niches in the liver and lungs. We also discuss emerging clinical strategies to target the CRC TME.
Bistability of flexible ring in a uniform flow (2011)

The immersed boundary method for simulating a flexible ring clamped at one point in a uniform flow has been developed. The penalty method derived from fluid compressibility is used to ensure the conservation of the internal volume of the flexible ring. We observed bistable states, one stationary stable state and the other a self-sustained periodically flapping state, which coexist over a range of flow velocities depending on the initial inclination angle. The Reynolds number range of the bistability region and the flapping amplitude were determined for various aspect ratios a/b. For a/b=0.5, the bistable region arises at the highest Reynolds number and the flapping amplitude in the self-sustained flapping state is minimized. A new bistability phenomenon was observed: for certain aspect ratios, two periodically flapping states coexist with different amplitudes in a particular Reynolds number range, instead of the presence of a stationary stable state and a periodically flapping state.
A self-commissioning method for permanent magnet dc-motor drives (2007)

The conventional model describing the electrical and mechanical properties of a permanent magnet dc-motor drive is extended in order to take into account the oscillations of the induced voltage that are caused by slotting effects, and - as the electrical machine investigated is fed from a PWM-inverter - in order to include the inverter's voltage drop. Furthermore, a method is proposed to estimate the extended model's parameters from one single experiment that is easy to be carried out. The method is based on recording the inverter's dc-link voltage, the dc-motor's armature current and the rotor's angular position as a function of time while the dc-motor is fed from the inverter. As the inverter is controlled by a digital signal processor system, this can be done without using additional measuring devices, but just with the dsp-system's measurement facility which is required anyway for the controlled operation of the drive. No additional mechanical components have to be coupled if the motor is equipped with an incremental encoder. Besides the method's aptitude for self commissioning purposes, it is also perfectly suited for quality control as in addition to the relevant electrical parameters one can also estimate mechanical parameters (e.g. to describe the load torque). This makes it easy to control the assembly quality of the motor. Last but not least the model's predictions are compared to experimental results and this comparison clearly shows the benefits of the method proposed.
Abstract 18815: Genetic Deletion of Telomerase Promotes Premature Cardiac Aging (2013)

Telomere length shortens with age and predicts the onset of cellular senescence and organ aging with progressive deterioration of function. It remains, however, to be documented whether loss of telomeric DNA in cardiac stem cells (CSCs) and myocytes is causally involved in the manifestations of the aging cardiomyopathy. To test this possibility, the third generation of mice carrying a deletion of the RNA component of telomerase (Terc -/- mice) was studied early in life at 3-12 months of age. Wild type (WT) senescent mice at 30 months of age were included in the analysis to establish whether accelerated aging in Terc -/- mice recapitulates physiological aging. Initial studies indicated that Terc -/- mice, at 4 months of age, displayed attenuated left ventricular (LV) function with respect to age-matched WT by echocardiography and hemodynamics. In contrast, severe alterations in cardiac performance were apparent at 12 months. Telomere length in Terc -/- mouse CSCs and myocytes was ~50-70% shorter than in age-matched WT cells at 4-6 months of age but was comparable to that found in 30 month-old WT cells. CSC number was 60% lower in Terc -/- than age-matched WT mice, and the fraction of BrdU-positive CSCs decreased 1.4-fold. The absence of Terc led to a 50% reduction in myocyte turnover, which was coupled with myocyte loss. BrdU and Ki67 labeling were decreased, respectively, 65% and 60% in Terc -/- myocytes. Old CSCs formed a senescent progeny composed of myocytes, which carried markedly shortened telomeres, were more prone to apoptosis, and showed a severe depression in cell shortening and re-lengthening. By mRNA screening performed in Terc -/- myocytes at 12 months, multiple apoptosis-related genes, including protein kinase A (PKA), PI3KR1, Caspase 1, and BAG3 were found to be modified. Moreover, the renewal of endothelial cells was 75% lower in Terc -/- mice mimicking the rarefaction in capillary typically seen in the old myocardium. Our findings document that loss of telomerase is a critical determinant of cardiac aging with reduced cardiomyogenesis and vasculogenesis. Understanding basic mechanisms of telomere biology in CSCs and cardiomyocytes holds the potential to advance the clinical paradigm of the senescent myopathy.
Effect of Supporting Electrolytes on the Redox Potential for Thermophilic Cytochrome P450 in Poly (ethylene oxide)-For Utilization as a Catalyst for the Biocathode (2006)

Cytochrome P450s are heme-thiolate enzymes found in organisms from all domains of life. They are involved in a wide variety of biological oxidation reactions. We reported overexpression and purification of cytochrome P450 from a thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon, Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7 (P450st), previously. In this study, P450st has been modified with poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) to dissolve in PEO200. The electron transfer reaction between PEO2000 modified P450st (PEO2000-P450st) and a plastic formed carbon electrode in PEO200 containing 0.5 M KCl was investigated. A clear redox couple was observed at -114 mV vs. Ag. This was assigned to the FeII/FeIII. In PEO200 containing 0.5 M KBr, the redox potential for PEO2000-P450st was 52 mV vs. Ag wire. The results show that anions are important to control the redox potential for cytochrome P450.
Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-3 from Molecular Imaging of CXCR4 Receptor Expression in Human Cancer Xenografts with [<sup>64</sup>Cu]AMD3100 Positron Emission Tomography (2023)

Supplementary Methods, Figures 1-3 from Molecular Imaging of CXCR4 Receptor Expression in Human Cancer Xenografts with [&lt;sup&gt;64&lt;/sup&gt;Cu]AMD3100 Positron Emission Tomography