gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generation, analysis, and transformation of macro-chloroplast Potato (Solanum tuberosum) lines for chloroplast biotechnology (2020)

Chloroplast biotechnology is a route for novel crop metabolic engineering. The potential bio-confinement of transgenes, the high protein expression and the possibility to organize genes into operons represent considerable advantages that make chloroplasts valuable targets in agricultural biotechnology. In the last 3 decades, chloroplast genomes from a few economically important crops have been successfully transformed. The main bottlenecks that prevent efficient transformation in a greater number of crops include the dearth of proven selectable marker gene-selection combinations and tissue culture methods for efficient regeneration of transplastomic plants. The prospects of increasing organelle size are attractive from several perspectives, including an increase in the surface area of potential targets. As a proof-of-concept, we generated Solanum tuberosum (potato) macro-chloroplast lines overexpressing the tubulin-like GTPase protein gene FtsZ1 from Arabidopsis thaliana. Macro-chloroplast lines exhibited delayed growth at anthesis; however, at the time of harvest there was no significant difference in height between macro-chloroplast and wild-type lines. Macro-chloroplasts were successfully transformed by biolistic DNA-delivery and efficiently regenerated into homoplasmic transplastomic lines. We also demonstrated that macro-chloroplasts accumulate the same amount of heterologous protein than wild-type organelles, confirming efficient usage in plastid engineering. Advantages and limitations of using enlarge compartments in chloroplast biotechnology are discussed.
A new decision tree for diagnosis of osteoarthritis in primary care: international consensus of experts (2018)

This project demonstrated the feasibility of developing easy-to-use and effective visual decision trees to facilitate the diagnosis and management of OA of the hip, knee and hand/finger in primary care. The next step should be to conduct a large impact study of implementation of these recommendations in the diagnostic management of OA in general practice in different areas.
Aging, Neurodegenerative Disease and the Brain (1997)

Résumé L'eorganisation anatomique et chimique du cerveau humain subit de nombreux changements au cours du vieillissement. Certains neurons meurent, d'autres s'atrophient et ily a une réduction marquée du nombre de synapses dans des régions spécifiques du cerveau. Des diminutions du métabolisme du glucose et des effets pré- et post-synaptiques des neurotransmetteurs ont aussi été rapportées. À l'exception de certaines structures sous-corticales, il existe cependant une controverse quant à la sévérité des changements dans l'ensemble du cerveau. De plus, les effets du vieillissement sont très variables d'une région du cerveau à l'autre ainsi que d'un individu à l'autre. Certains phénomènes observès dans le vieillissement normal, tels la perte des neurones dopaminergique de la substance noire et celle des neurones cholinergiques du prosencé;phale basal, apparaissent sous une forme grandement exacerbées dans diverses pathologies neurodégénératives comme les maladies de Parkinson et d'Alzeimer. Les faibles altérations qui surviennent au niveau de ces systémes lors du vieillissement normal pourraient étre responsables des troubles d'équilibre, de la pauvreté de mouvement et des pertes de mémoires que l'on observent chez les gens âgés. Cependant, l'inflammation chronique du cerveau semble être une caractéristique typique des individus atteints de maladies neurodégénératives. L'hypothèse voulant que cette inflammation puisse être ralentie par un traitement avec des agents anti-inflammatoires a été supportée par les résultats de 19 études épidémiologiques ainsi que par un essai clinique de moindre envergure. Cependant, d'Autres études cliniques devront ètre réalisées et une attention particulière devra être portée aux effets secondaires de la thérapie anti-inflammatoire conventionnelle afin d'en arriver à une conclusion définitive.
Impulse responses of strong reflection holograms (1993)

Strong scattering in broad spatial bandwidth reflection holograms is analyzed by using numerical techniques. Transfer functions and impulse responses for various index modulations are found, and techniques for constructing holograms for optical pulse shaping, coding, and dispersion compensation are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual By‐Product in a Concise Synthesis of a Rotationally Restricted Phenolic Analogue of Serotonin. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sparse Signatures with Forward Error Correction Coding for Non-Orthogonal Massive Access (2020)

In massive connectivity scenarios with short packets, of interest is the regime where users share wireless resources in a non-orthogonal fashion. Small payloads combined with sporadic user activation call for approaches that jointly address the users access to the shared resources and the design of the channel code. In this paper, we propose a transmission scheme that combines sparse signatures with finite-length forward error correction (FEC) coding for non-orthogonal massive access. Our signature design is based on Euler squares, which are special instances of quasi-cyclic partial geometries that yield sparse graphs with favorable decoding properties. Following a graph-theoretic approach, we explicate the benefits of the coding scheme for the receiver processing that involves joint user detection and decoding. The proposed construction is flexible and can be explicitly characterized for a large number of combinations of system parameters, suitable for both grant-based and grant-free massive access. Finally, unlike common existing schemes, our scheme can be applied to unsourced random access (U-RA). We numerically characterize the trade-off between system parameters such as number of users, load and channel coding rate. The performance evaluation against the state of the art illustrates the potential of the scheme to provide an energy-efficient solution for U-RA.
Virtual Reality Human–Human Interface to Deliver Psychotherapy to People Experiencing Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: Development and Usability Study (Preprint) (2020)

<sec> <title>BACKGROUND</title> Digital technologies have expanded the options for delivering psychotherapy, permitting for example, the treatment of schizophrenia using Avatar Therapy. Despite its considerable potential, this treatment method has not been widely disseminated. As a result, its operability and functionality remain largely unknown. </sec> <sec> <title>OBJECTIVE</title> We aimed to study the usability of a therapeutic virtual reality human–human interface, created in a game engine. </sec> <sec> <title>METHODS</title> Participants were psychiatric hospital staff who were introduced to the therapeutic platform in a hands-on session. The System Usability Scale (SUS) was employed for evaluation purposes. Statistical evaluation was conducted using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test, analysis of variance, and multilevel factor analysis. </sec> <sec> <title>RESULTS</title> In total, 109 staff members were introduced to the therapeutic tool and completed the SUS. The mean SUS global score was 81.49 (SD 11.1). Psychotherapists (mean 86.44, SD 8.79) scored significantly higher (&lt;i&gt;F&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2,106&lt;/sub&gt;=6.136; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=.003) than nursing staff (mean 79.01, SD 13.30) and administrative personnel (mean 77.98, SD 10.72). A multilevel factor analysis demonstrates a different factor structure for each profession. </sec> <sec> <title>CONCLUSIONS</title> In all professional groups in this study, the usability of a digital psychotherapeutic tool developed using a game engine achieved the benchmark for an excellent system, scoring highest among the professional target group (psychotherapists). The usability of the system seems, to some extent, to be dependent on the professional background of the user. It is possible to create and customize novel psychotherapeutic approaches with gaming technologies and platforms. </sec> <sec> <title>CLINICALTRIAL</title> Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04099940; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04099940 </sec>
Conductive Carbon Nanotube Composite Microprobes (2008)

A simple, flexible, and robust way of fabricating fully functional electromechanical carbon nanotube (CNT) microprobes, by transferring as-grown CNT columns onto a conductive substrate using a conductive epoxy (see figure), is shown. The CNT microprobes are approximately 500 times stronger than as-grown pillars and can perform up to 200 cycles without degradation in electrical or mechanical properties.
Dynamic cooperative behavior in a coupled-core fluxgate magnetometer (2006)

Recently, we have shown the emergence of oscillatory behaviour in unforced bistable systems having dynamics of the general form: tx equiv partU(x,t)/partx, subject to carefully crafted coupling schemes. Here, we present experimental results obtained on a physical system implemented with N=3 coupled ferromagnetic cores; the oscillatory behaviour is triggered when the coupling constant exceeds a threshold value, and, more importantly, the oscillation characteristics are sensitive to weak external dc magnetic fields. The oscillations afford then a novel detection scheme for fluxgate magnetometer. In this paper, we introduce another idea; using the coupled core fluxgate, in the detection of time-periodic fields of very low frequency. In this case measurements can be realized in a "power-saver" mode wherein the coupled setup can be, initially, subthreshold (i.e. non-oscillating) and be triggered into oscillation by the advent of the target (oscillatory) field. Preliminary experiments of this novel operation mode are here presented
Selete EUV reticle shipping and storage test results (2008)

To protect the reticle during shipping and storage, several reticle pod concepts have been proposed and evaluated in the last 10 years. MIRAI-Selete has been developing EUV reticle handling technology and evaluating EUV reticle pods for two years. In this paper, we report results of shipping tests and storage tests using CNE pods; the CNE pod is designed by Entegris using "Dual Pod Concept" which Canon and Nikon jointly proposed in 2004. The pod consists of an inner pod and an outer pod. The inner pod has two components, a baseplate and a cover; the base plate protects the reticle front surface and the cover protects the back surface from particle contamination in shipping, storage and loading to a reticle chuck in an exposure tool. The outer pod is a RSP-200 slightly modified to contain the inner pod in it. We carried out thirty shipping tests and several storage tests and found the CNE pods had very promising protecting performance during shipping and storage.
Higher-order mode fiber enables high energy chirped-pulse amplification (2013)

Energy scaling of femtosecond fiber lasers has been constrained by nonlinear impairments and optical fiber damage. Reducing the optical irradiance inside the fiber by increasing mode size lowers these effects. Using an erbium-doped higher-order mode fiber with 6000 µm(2) effective area and output fundamental mode re-conversion, we show a breakthrough in pulse energy from a monolithic fiber chirped pulse amplification system using higher-order mode propagation generating 300 µJ pulses with duration <500 fs (FWHM) and peak power >600 MW at 1.55 µm. The erbium-doped HOM fiber has both a record large effective mode area and excellent mode stability, even when coiled to reasonable diameter. This demonstration proves efficacy of a new path for high energy monolithic fiber-optic femtosecond laser systems.
800G DSP ASIC Design Using Probabilistic Shaping and Digital Sub-Carrier Multiplexing (2020)

The design of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) is at the core of modern ultra-high-speed transponders employing advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms. This manuscript discusses the motivations for jointly utilizing transmission techniques such as probabilistic shaping and digital sub-carrier multiplexing in digital coherent optical transmissions systems. First, we describe the key-building blocks of modern high-speed DSP-based transponders working at up to 800G per wave. Second, we show the benefits of these transmission methods in terms of system level performance. Finally, we report, to the best of our knowledge, the first long-haul experimental transmission – e.g., over 1000 km – with a real-time 7 nm DSP ASIC and digital coherent optics (DCO) capable of data rates up to 1.6 Tb/s using two waves (2 × 800G).
Recombinant HIV-1 p24 protein: cloning, expression, purification and use in the development of ELISA kits (2006)

A simple method for purification of recombinant p24 (rp24) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) from Escherchia coli is described. The protein was over-expressed in E. coli (BL21λDE3) cells to levels of - 30% total cell protein in the soluble fraction. The recombinant protein was extracted and purified to near homogeneity by simple ion-exchange steps followed by gel filtration. The recombinant protein in combination with synthetic peptides from immuno-dominant stretches derived from the 'envelope' proteins of HIV-1 and HIV-2 was used for development of an ELISA kit, ELIK HIV 1 & 2 for detection of antibodies against the virus in human serum and/or plasma. The kit was found to have 99.63% sensitivity and 99.88% specificity in a performance study using more than 2100 well-defined samples.
3′-Azido-2′,3′-Dideoxyuridine (AzddU): Comparative Pharmacokinetics with 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (AZT) in Monkeys (1990)

The pharmacokinetics of the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleosides, 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxyuridine (AzddU) and 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) were characterized in rhesus monkeys. Half-life, total clearance, and steady-state volume of distribution were similar for both compounds. The observed pharmacokinetic parameters for AZT were comparable to those previously reported in humans. Oral absorption of AzddU and AZT was virtually complete after 60 mg/kg. However, bioavailability of both nucleosides was markedly lower (less than 50%) after 200 mg/kg, possibly indicating the involvement of a saturable absorption mechanism. The nucleosides were also well absorbed after subcutaneous administration. AzddU and AZT penetrated the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with concentration ratios in CSF:serum ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 one hour after drug administration. The glucuronides of AZT and AzddU were readily detected in urine. Hemogram and blood chemistry values for animals receiving short-term treatment (3 doses) with either AZT or AzddU did not exhibit any significant changes when compared with untreated control monkeys. The similar pharmacokinetic characteristics of AzddU compared with AZT suggest that clinical trials of AzddU are warranted.
Three-dimensional graphene nanosheets as cathode catalysts in standard and supercapacitive microbial fuel cell (2017)

Three-dimensional graphene nanosheets (3D-GNS) were used as cathode catalysts for microbial fuel cells (MFCs) operating in neutral conditions. 3D-GNS catalysts showed high performance towards oxygen electroreduction in neutral media with high current densities and low hydrogen peroxide generation compared to activated carbon (AC). 3D-GNS was incorporated into air-breathing cathodes based on AC with three different loadings (2, 6 and 10 mgcm<sup>-2</sup>). Performances in MFCs showed that 3D-GNS had the highest performances with power densities of 2.059 ± 0.003 Wm<sup>-2</sup>, 1.855 ± 0.007 Wm<sup>-2</sup> and 1.503 ± 0.005 Wm<sup>-2</sup> for loading of 10, 6 and 2 mgcm<sup>-2</sup> respectively. Plain AC had the lowest performances (1.017 ± 0.009 Wm<sup>-2</sup>). The different cathodes were also investigated in supercapacitive MFCs (SC-MFCs). The addition of 3D-GNS decreased the ohmic losses by 14-25%. The decrease in ohmic losses allowed the SC-MFC with 3D-GNS (loading 10 mgcm<sup>-2</sup>) to have the maximum power (P<sub>max</sub>) of 5.746 ± 0.186 Wm<sup>-2</sup>. At 5 mA, the SC-MFC featured an "apparent" capacitive response that increased from 0.027 ± 0.007 F with AC to 0.213 ± 0.026 F with 3D-GNS (loading 2 mgcm<sup>-2</sup>) and further to 1.817 ± 0.040 F with 3D-GNS (loading 10 mgcm<sup>-2</sup>).
Beta-lactam antibiotics modulate T-cell functions and gene expression via covalent binding to cellular albumin (2013)

Recent work has suggested that beta-lactam antibiotics might directly affect eukaryotic cellular functions. Here, we studied the effects of commonly used beta-lactam antibiotics on rodent and human T cells in vitro and in vivo on T-cell-mediated experimental autoimmune diseases. We now report that experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and adjuvant arthritis were significantly more severe in rats treated with cefuroxime and other beta-lactams. T cells appeared to mediate the effect: an anti-myelin basic protein T-cell line treated with cefuroxime or penicillin was more encephalitogenic in adoptive transfer experiments. The beta-lactam ampicillin, in contrast to cefuroxime and penicillin, did not enhance encephalomyelitis, but did inhibit the autoimmune diabetes developing spontaneously in nonobese diabetic mice. Gene expression analysis of human peripheral blood T cells showed that numerous genes associated with T helper 2 (Th2) and T regulatory (Treg) differentiation were down-regulated in T cells stimulated in the presence of cefuroxime; these genes were up-regulated in the presence of ampicillin. The T-cell protein that covalently bound beta-lactam antibiotics was found to be albumin. Human and rodent T cells expressed albumin mRNA and protein, and penicillin-modified albumin was taken up by rat T cells, leading to enhanced encephalitogenicity. Thus, beta-lactam antibiotics in wide clinical use have marked effects on T-cell behavior; beta-lactam antibiotics can function as immunomodulators, apparently through covalent binding to albumin.
Immunoassay detection of drugs in racing horses. IX. Detection of detomidine in equine blood and urine by radioimmunoassay. (1989)

Detomidine is a potent non-narcotic sedative agent which is currently in the process of being approved for veterinary clinical use in the United States. Since no effective screening method in horses is available for detomidine, we have developed an 125I radioimmunoassay for detomidine in equine blood and urine as part of a panel of tests for illegal drugs in performance horses. Our 125I radioimmunoassay has an I-50 for detomidine of approximately 2 ng/ml. Our assay shows limited cross-reactivity with the pharmacodynamically similar xylazine, but does not cross-react with acepromazine, epinephrine, haloperidol or promazine. The plasma kinetic data from clinical (greater than or equal to 5 mg/horse) as well as sub-clinical doses indicate first-order elimination in a dose-dependent manner. Within the first 30 minutes after intravenous (IV) administration of 30 mg/horse, plasma levels peak at approximately 20 ng/ml and then decline with an apparent plasma half-life of 25 minutes. Diuresis can occur with administration of clinical doses of detomidine and this effect was accounted for in the analysis of urine samples. Using this method, administration of 30 mg/horse can be readily detected in equine urine for up to 8 hours after IV injection. Additionally, doses as low as 0.5 mg/horse can be detected for short periods of time in blood and urine with use of this assay. Utilization of this assay by research scientists and forensic analysts will allow for the establishment of proper guidelines and controls regarding detomidine administration to performance horses and assurance of compliance with these guidelines.
Focus-independent particle size measurement from streak images: a comparison of multivariate methods (2015)

Our laboratories have recently developed a flow-through imaging photometer to characterize and classify fluorescent particles between 3 and 47 μm in size. The wide aperture of the objective lens (0.7 NA) required for measuring spectral fluorescence of single particles restricts the depth of field, such that a large sample volume results in many particles that are out of focus. Here, we describe numerical methods for determining the size of these objects, regardless of their distance from the focal plane, using image processing and multivariate calibration. An intensity profile is extracted from the images and is used as the input for a variety of calibration methods, including partial least squares, neural networks, and support vector machines. The capabilities of these methods are examined to establish the best method for particle sizing that is independent of focus. We found that support vector machines provided the best results, with size estimation error of ±3.1 μm.
Potential of gene therapy for myocardial ischemia (2004)

In spite of the lack of precise knowledge, delivery of certain genes has shown promise, and the development of various gene delivery techniques to the heart has shown progress.
Supplementary Data from CD28 Costimulatory Domain–Targeted Mutations Enhance Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell Function (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables and Figures&lt;/p&gt;
Stark-effect studies in xenon autoionizing Rydberg states using a tunable extreme-ultraviolet laser source (1988)

The Stark spectra of autoionizing Rydberg states of Xe converging to the second ionization limit 5${p}^{5}$ $^{2}P_{1/2}$ have been investigated as a function of applied electric field over the range 26--2362 V/cm. Single-photon excitation from the Xe ground state was achieved using coherent radiation near 92.5 nm, generated by frequency tripling the pulsed output of a frequency-doubled dye laser in a free jet of rare-gas atoms. For the lowest electric field only the ns' and nd' series were observed. As the electric field was increased the np' series appeared because of the mixing of wave functions with different l values. Further increase of the electric field caused the appearance of hydrogenlike Stark manifolds. The Stark spectrum was simulated in a two-step procedure with no adjustable parameters. Using a jl-coupling basis set the Hamiltonian matrix was diagonalized to determine the energy levels and corresponding eigenfunctions for a given electric field strength. The intensities and line shapes were then calculated using the formalism developed by Fano for a many-discrete-level--single-continuum configuration interaction. This treatment was sufficient to reproduce the positions, widths, and shapes of most observed features. At field strengths between 1000 and 2000 V/cm, however, an additional modulation structure with a spacing of about 2.7 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ appeared on top of the \ensuremath{\Vert}M\ensuremath{\Vert}=1 autoionizing resonances, which could not be explained by our simple theoretical model.