gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonmetallic Technologies Supporting Water Transport and Store Management in Drilling and Fracturing Operations (2020)

Water is the one of the most important aspect in unconventional resources (UR) where reservoirs are fractured to create cracks in the deep-rock formations and accordingly boost gas and oil production. Large amount of water is daily consumed for fracturing and drilling operations. To streamline the water transportation and conservation in those operations, several nonmetallic (NM) based technologies have been developed replacing the conventional ones. In water transport management there are two types of NM flexible that are used, the retrievable water transfer flexiable piping called layflat hose and the steel reinforce thermoplastic pipe called (S-RTP), which provide a better alternative as they have higher flexibility and faster installation in the field. In addition, fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) modular and bladder/inflatable tanks are water storage systems that have been utilized widely to eliminate the expensive pits construction and enhancing water management. The present papers highlights different NM water transport technologies replacing the current aluminum flowline, which provides many operational advantages. In addition, this paper presents a pipe-in liner technology for pipeline rehabilitation solutions. Besides, the paper presents technical information of modular and inflatable tank that would help eliminating the expensive construction and minimizing water splash/evaporation in the summer season. The technical qualification process of and successful field deployment of Layflat hose will be shared. This study will open the opportunity for further field deployments toward improving the water transport operation and minimizing the environment impact.
Wet-based digital etching on GaN and AlGaN (2022)

Many advanced III-nitride devices, such as micro-LEDs, vertical FinFETs, and field emitters, require the fabrication of high aspect ratio vertical pillars or nanowires. Two-step etchings combining dry and wet etching steps have been used on vertical devices in the past, but they show poor control in vertical nanostructures with sub-50 nm diameter. In this work, we demonstrate a wet-chemical digital etching on GaN and AlGaN and apply it to both vertical nanostructure scaling and planar etching along the c-axis. In this digital etching process, a mixture of H2SO4 and H2O2 is applied to oxidize the III-nitrides surface, and the oxide layer is then removed by dilute HCl. This digital etching approach can finely sharpen vertical structures and does not require any vacuum or plasma systems, which will enable advanced device structures in the future.
Rate-Distortion-Time Cost Aware CNN Training for Fast VVC Intra-Picture Partitioning Decisions (2021)

This paper presents a new method for fast VVC intra-picture encoding using a CNN. The CNN operates on the original samples of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{32}\times \mathbf{32}$</tex> blocks. Given a current block, it derives for each of the block's multi-type trees (MTTs), which are nested in quad-tree (QT) nodes, a parameter pair. The parameter pairs constrain the minimum width and height of the sub-blocks in their MTTs. This enables the CNN to control the number of tested MTT splits with fine granularity. To skip modes while maintaining the rate-distortion (RD) performance, we train the CNN considering the Lagrangian rate-distortion-time (RDT) cost caused by the derived parameters. First, we generate training data by encoding; when reaching a quad-tree node in a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{32}\times \mathbf{32}$</tex> block, we encode the associated MTT with varying parameter pair values and record the resulting the RD and time cost. Then, when the CNN outputs parameters in training, we estimate the related RDT cost of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mathbf{32}\times \mathbf{32}$</tex> block using the recorded data. For this, we model the dependency between RDT cost and the parameters by emulating the encoder's RD optimization process. This way, we train the CNN while considering the RDT cost with an accuracy that is sufficient to outperform existing approaches. The approach achieves an encoding time reduction of 50% with a bit rate increase of only 0.7% for VTM-10.2.
Evaluation of pacing as an indicator of musculoskeletal pathology in dogs (2016)

Little is currently known about the pacing gait in dogs and it has been speculated that pacing may be utilized by dogs with musculoskeletal pathology. The goals of the present study were to determine if pacing in dogs is associated with musculoskeletal disease and to establish if controlled speed impacts pacing. Dogs underwent orthopedic and lameness assessments. Musculoskeletal pathology, when identified, was further defined with radiography of the affected area. Dogs were considered musculoskeletally normal (MSN) if no pathology was detected and they had no history of musculoskeletal disease. All others were considered musculoskeletally abnormal (MSA). Animals were then evaluated for pacing using digital-video-imaging under three conditions: Off-lead, lead-controlled, and on a treadmill. Thirty-nine dogs were enrolled (MSN: n = 20; MSA: n = 19). Overall, pacing was observed more frequently in dogs under lead-controlled than off-lead conditions (P &lt; 0.001). Lead-controlled MSN dogs were observed to pace significantly more frequently (n = 17/20) than lead-controlled MSA dogs (n = 10/19; P = 0.029). There was no significant difference within each group for the frequency of pacing under treadmill or off-lead conditions. Pacing always occurred at speeds between a walk and a trot, speeds ranged from 0.98 to 2.84 m/s, (mean 1.8 m/s). Pacing was demonstrated in MSN and MSA dogs under all study conditions. Pacing should be considered a gait variation that can be observed in clinically normal dogs. Relative speed and leash walking was determined to be a factor in the use of the pacing gait. Key words: Pacing, gait analysis, lameness, canine locomotion, symmetrical gait, lateral gait, amble.
Rings and Strain in Pure Silica Zeolites (2006)

The stability of rings in pure silica zeolite frameworks is investigated through a new method. The energetic terms influencing the stability of rings are evaluated through the short-range plus electrostatics corresponding to SiO bonds and OSiO and SiOSi angles. Several atomistic force fields have been evaluated, and a reparametrization of the Vessal-Leslie-Catlow force field has been chosen because of its physical meaning and good structural accuracy. The ring energetics are analyzed and discussed in terms of local strain in the framework and in terms of geometric variables. This methodology allows to differentiate between the strain of rings of a given size in different zeolite structures. In particular, it is found that double four rings (D4Rs) are not necessarily, as previously stated, a strained secondary building unit. The analyses of D4Rs in the topologies AST, BEC, and LTA allow the calculation of its stability in the different structures showing high energy in BEC and LTA and low energy in AST. Implications of these results on nucleation of zeolites are drawn regarding the facility with which D4Rs are inserted in different frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a New Series of N‐Hydroxy, N‐Alkylamides of Aminoacids as Ligands of NMDA Glycine Site. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Transition to Digital Television Distribution Systems: A Technological View of Expected Interoperability * (2020)

This chapter describes the technological status of digital television distribution systems in the United States at the end of the summer of 1995. Given that this technology is in the early development and deployment stage, such a “snapshot” of the situation suffers from some lack of documented technical information on different systems. Despite this drawback, however, the chapter is able to identify and discuss several similarities and differences among the existing and proposed digital television compression systems of direct broadcast systems providers, cable-television operators, and over-the-air broadcasters. Such a comparison of system characteristics provides a useful inference of the degree of interoperability that might be reasonably expected across the different distribution systems over time. The transmission layer provides the transmission and channel coding portion of the digital video distribution system. In cases, where interoperability is not feasible, compatibility among systems should emerge as equipment is built to bridge the interoperability gaps.
Selective Pulsed Chemical Vapor Deposition of Water-Free TiO2/Al2O3 and HfO2/Al2O3 Nanolaminates on Si and SiO2 in Preference to SiCOH (2022)

Highly selective and smooth TiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanolaminates were deposited by water-free pulsed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 300 °C using titanium isopropoxide (Ti(O<sup>i</sup>Pr)<sub>4</sub>) and hafnium tertbutoxide (Hf(O<sup>t</sup>Bu)<sub>4</sub>) with trimethylaluminum (TMA). TMA was found to be the key factor for enhancing nucleation selectivity on SiO<sub>2</sub> or Si versus SiCOH (hydrophobic, nonporous low <i>k</i> dielectric). With precise dosing of TMA, selective nucleation of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanolaminates was achieved and smoother films were formed with higher selectivity compared to single precursor TiO<sub>2</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub> CVD. The selectivity of TiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanolaminate deposition increased from 34 to 44 (deposition on Si vs SiCOH), while RMS roughness of the film of Si decreased from 2.8 to 0.38 nm. The selectivity of HfO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> deposition increased from 14 to 73, while the RMS roughness of HfO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> on Si was maintained at a similar value of 0.78 nm. Deposition of water-free pulsed CVD TiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanolaminates was conducted on a Cu/SiCOH patterned sample to study their nanoselectivity. Transmission electron microscopy images of the Cu/SiCOH patterned sample demonstrated that highly selective and smooth TiO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub>/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanolaminates can be formed on a nanoscale pattern.
Generalized Transfer Functions (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Multi-Input/Multi-Output Systems Transfer Functions Involving Exclusively Electrical Quantities Transfer Functions Involving Nonelectrical Quantities Problems
Opportunistic Cooperation via Relay Selection with Minimal Information Exchange (2007)

Opportunistic cooperation is a technique where in each transmission the best relay (or k best relays) are chosen to assist. In a multiuser cooperative network, coordinating the cooperating users requires exchange of channel information between various nodes. As the number of nodes increases, this information exchange can get out of hand. In this work, we propose an opportunistic cooperation technique where at most two bits of information per relay are exchanged for each cooperation period (one bit feedback and one bit feedforward). Our method does not need any carrier sensing technique or any information regarding source-relay channels for its operation. We show that this frugal technique is capable of achieving the same diversity-multiplexing tradeoff (DMT) achieved by distributed space-time-coded cooperation protocols (DSTC) in Laneman and Wornell (2003). Also we show how bandwidth allocation between a user and its partner affects the diversity-multiplexing tradeoff.
GA101, a Novel Humanized Type II CD20 Antibody with Glycoengineered Fc and Enhanced Cell Death Induction, Exhibits Superior Anti-Tumor Efficacy and Superior Tissue B Cell Depletion In Vivo. (2007)

Abstract GA101 is a novel monoclonal antibody of IgG1 type which binds with high affinity and selectivity to the extracellular domain of the human CD20 antigen on B cells. In contrast to rituximab which is a chimeric antibody and recognizes a type I epitope, GA101 is humanized and recognizes a type II epitope which is also localized in the extracellular loop of CD20. The recognition of the type II epitope together with a modification of the elbow hinge region results in enhanced direct non-caspase dependent cell death induction, and concomitant reduction in CDC upon binding to CD20. In addition, using GlycoMab technology, the Fc-region of GA101 was glycoengineered to contain bisected, afucosylated carbohydrates. As a result GA101 has increased affinity for the low and high affinity FcγRIIIa receptor expressed on natural killer cells, macrophages and monocytes. Consequently, GA101 mediated a 5–50 fold enhanced induction of effector cell mediated ADCC. In B-cell depletion assays with whole blood from healthy donors, an assay combining all mechanisms of action, GA101 was significantly more potent and efficacious in depleting B cells than rituximab. In preclinical NHL testing these properties translated into superior anti-tumoral efficacy of GA101 in direct comparison to rituximab against a number of aggressive NHL xenograft models. In cynomolgus monkeys the induction of B cell depletion mediated by GA101 and subsequent B cell recovery were investigated. GA101 induced complete, rapid and long-lasting B cell depletion both in peripheral blood and in lymphoid tissue e.g. spleen and lymph nodes. The efficacy of GA101 (10 and 30 mg/kg) at depleting B cells in different lymphoid tissues of cynomolgus monkeys was compared with that of rituximab (10 mg/kg) following 2 i.v. doses administered on days 0 and 7. Notably, GA101 showed statistically superior depletion of total B cells from lymph nodes compared to Rituximab from day 9 to 35 onwards with B cell numbers decreased by over 95%. These results demonstrated that GA101 was more efficacious at depleting B cells from lymph nodes and spleen of cynomolgus monkeys compared to rituximab. Compared to existing antibodies, GA101 constitutes the first type II CD20 antibody engineered for increased ADCC with significantly enhanced efficacy in a variety of preclinical models. Based on these data it is assumed that the combination of the recognition of a type II epitope together with improved ADCC potency might translate into superior efficacy in the clinical treatment of CD20 positive malignant diseases.
Identification of p53 gene abnormalities in acute lymphoblastic leukemia of childhood (1991)

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (JPHO) reports on major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and blood diseases in children. The journal publishes original research, commentaries, historical insights, and clinical and laboratory observations.
Religionsunterricht kompetenzorientiert (2012)

Kompetenzorientierung verändert die didaktische Struktur von Lernprozessen - auch im Religionsunterricht. Der mit der Einführung von Bildungsstandards verbundene Paradigmenwechsel der Bildungs- und Schulpolitik hat auch Konsequenzen für die Religionsdidaktik gehabt. Sowohl für den evangelischen als auch für den katholischen Religions-unterricht gibt es in den meisten Bundesländern in-zwischen kompetenzorientierte Kerncurricula. Auch die wissenschaftliche Religionspädagogik diskutiert seit einigen Jahren intensiv die Frage, in welchem Maße der neue Ansatz der Kompetenz-orientierung die traditionelle Gestalt des Religionsunterrichts verändern wird. Inzwischen liegen Er-gebnisse aus verschiedenen Forschungsprojekten zur Kompetenzorientierung im Religionsunterricht vor. Die vorliegende Publikation präsentiert die jüngsten Forschungsergebnisse und diskutiert die daraus abzuleitenden Konsequenzen für die Gestaltung von religiösen Lern- und Unterrichtsprozessen.
Directed reactivity in halogen-bonded co-crystals (2017)

Halogen bonds enable chemists to direct the self-assembly of molecules and/or ions in various media. In this presentation, we will describe our efforts to employ halogen bonds to direct chemical reactivity in the organic solid state. Specifically, we describe the use of small molecules as halogen-bonding templates to assemble alkenes lined with I-and F-atoms in positions for intermolecular [2+2] photodimerizations [1]. The photoproducts form stereoselectively and quantitative yield. In our work, we have discovered the ability of halogen bonds to undergo bending deformations in rare single-crystal-tosingle-crystal transformations. Applications of the photoproducts as building blocks in supramolecular chemistry and organic synthesis will be discussed.
Engine Performance Improvement by Controlling the Low Pressure Compressor Working Line (2006)

The new algorithm provides closed-loop control of the LP compressor working line in such a way as to maintain compressor stability and to provide increased power from the engine at the same firing temperature. This method is intended for the Trent 60, an aeroderivative engine designated for power generation and mechanical drive applications. The power benefit is achieved by operating at higher LPC pressure ratio and thereby increasing the inlet air flow and overall pressure ratio of the engine. Since the algorithm controls the working line, the threats to compressor stability related to the working line level are removed (including production scatter, deterioration, and fouling) and the required surge margin can be safely reduced, providing a significant benefit in engine performance. The paper presents comparatively the structure of the current and new concepts, the main features of the controller, and stresses the improved accuracy and reliability of new algorithms. The performance benefit is then assessed; the increase in power is about 3% at ISO, sea level conditions and varies with ambient temperature.
Hyperammonemia induces glial activation, neuroinflammation and alters neurotransmitter receptors in hippocampus, impairing spatial learning: reversal by sulforaphane (2016)

Hyperammonemia-induced neuroinflammation impairs glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission by altering membrane expression of glutamate and GABA receptors, resulting in impaired spatial learning. Sulforaphane reverses all these effects. Treatment with sulforaphane could be useful to improve cognitive function in cirrhotic patients with minimal or clinical hepatic encephalopathy.
Surface design with minimum energy networks (1991)

We describe a method for free form surface design that uses a mesh formed by networks of curves of minimum energy to define surfaces satisfying position, normal, and curvature constraints. The work addresses difficult problems arising in solid modeling, specifically at difficult blending problems, e.g. a blend at a high order vertex with simultaneous convex and concave blends incident to it. The techniques that we describe here may also be applied to general free form surface design.
Non-Majorana modes in diluted spin chains proximitized to a superconductor (2022)

Spin chains proximitized with superconducting condensates have emerged as one of the most promising platforms for the realization of Majorana modes. Here, we craft diluted spin chains atom by atom following a seminal theoretical proposal suggesting indirect coupling mechanisms as a viable route to trigger topological superconductivity. Starting from single adatoms hosting deep Shiba states, we use the highly anisotropic Fermi surface of the substrate to create spin chains characterized by different magnetic configurations along distinct crystallographic directions. By scrutinizing a large set of parameters we reveal the ubiquitous emergence of boundary modes. Although mimicking signatures of Majorana modes, the end modes are identified as topologically trivial Shiba states. Our work demonstrates that zero-energy modes in spin chains proximitized to superconductors are not necessarily a link to Majorana modes while simultaneously identifying other experimental platforms, driving mechanisms, and test protocols for the determination of topologically nontrivial superconducting phases.
The Crystal Structure of the Inclusion Complex of the Sodium Salt of Piroxicam with β-cyclodextrin (1998)

Abstract The structural characterization by X-ray diffraction analysis of the title compound is reported. Crystallographic details are: C42H70O35°C15H12N3O4 SNa·8D2O, triclinic, space group P1, a = 14.767(3), b = 12.237(2), c = 11.537(2)Å, α = 79.49(1), β = 110.91-(1), c = 104.61(1)°, d calc = 1.460 g/cm3, Z = 1, R = 0.045 for 6635 observed reflections. The crystal structure consists of head-to-tail β-cyclodextrin molecules (β-CD) linked together by piroxicam anions in infinite polymeric chains running along the c axis. In a chain each β-CD molecule takes up simultaneously two guest molecules including on the secondary hydroxyl end the benzene ring and on the primary hydroxyl end the pyridine ring of two adjacent piroxicam anions. The piroxicam anion is located with its central hydrophilic moiety at the interface between two adjacent β-CD molecules, forming with them hydrogen bonds through the enolate and amide oxygen atoms. Conformation of piroxicam is different from those observed for its neutral and zwitterionic forms. It assumes the ZZE conformation expected for the enolate. The six-coordinated sodium cation acts as a bridge between adjacent polymeric chains linking them along the b axis. This results in the formation of hydrophilic channels filled by deuterium oxide molecules. Key Words: β-cyclodextrinpiroxicamdrugsolid state structureinclusion
A new FIB fabrication method for micropillar specimens for three-dimensional observation using scanning transmission electron microscopy (2004)

A new method to prepare micropillar specimens with a high aspect ratio that is suitable for three-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (3D-STEM) was developed. The key features of the micropillar fabrication are: first, microsampling to extract a small piece including the structure of interest in an IC chip, and second, an ion-beam with an incident direction of 60 degrees to the pillar's axis that enables the parallel sidewalls of the pillar to be produced with a high aspect ratio. A memory-cell structure (length: 6 microm; width: 300 x 500 nm) was fabricated in the micropillar and observed from various directions with a 3D-STEM. A planiform capacitor covered with granular surfaces and a solid crossing gate and metal lines was successfully observed threedimensionally at a resolution of approximately 5 nm.
Optimisation of Coupling between Photonic Crystal and Active Elements in an Epitaxially Regrown GaAs Based Photonic Crystal Surface Emitting Laser (2012)

The waveguide design of a GaAs based, epitaxially regrown photonic crystal surface emitting laser is discussed so as to optimise the coupling of the photonic crystal and the mode overlap with the quantum wells. Design criteria include the positioning of the quantum well and the photonic crystal layers, and the effect of varying aluminium composition in the lower cladding layer. Room-temperature, pulsed laser oscillation is demonstrated.