gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular targeting of HER2 for diagnosis and therapy of breast cancer. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #6004 Background: Expression of HER2 receptors in breast cancer is correlated with poor prognosis and may be different in distant metastases as compared to the primary tumor. We are developing methods to assess global expression of HER2 in vivo and to deliver therapeutic agents specifically to HER2-positve cells.&amp;#x2028; Materials and Methods: As the targeting agent we use an Affibody molecule (http://www.affibody.com). These very stable and highly soluble proteins are relatively small (8.3 kDa) and bind to HER2 receptors with high affinity (22 pM). For imaging with PET, SPECT, or optical methods, an appropriate group containing the imaging beacon can be attached by a selective chemical reaction to a unique C-terminal cysteine residue of Affibody. For therapeutic purposes, they can be conjugated to multifunctional nanoparticles containing both imaging and therapeutic agents. We have conjugated affibody molecules with thermo-sensitive liposomes or gold nanoparticles (subsequently activated with neutrons) and characterized their biodistribution using optical imaging and SPECT, respectively. We used PET imaging with 18F-ZHER2-Affibody to monitor the down-regulation of HER2 following four doses (50 mg/kg) of 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxy-geldanamycin, 17-DMAG, an inhibitor of Hsp90 known to decrease HER2 expression. Animals were scanned before and after treatment. Immediately after the last scan, the mice were euthanized and tumors were frozen for ex-vivo analysis of receptor expression. For optical imaging, we used AlexaFluor dyes conjugated with affibody molecules containing an albumin binding domain that extended their circulation time. We have attached nanoparticles (liposomes and gold) to Affibody molecules using the same type of maleimide chemistry.&amp;#x2028; Results: Our results showed that Affibody molecules do not affect the targeted cells and that their binding does not interfere with either the binding or the effectiveness of trastuzumab. 18F-ZHER2-Affibody was eliminated quickly from blood and normal tissues, providing high tumor/blood and tumor/muscle ratios by 1h post injection. The signal obtained from PET and optical imaging correlated well with the number of receptors expressed in the studied tumors as assessed by western blot, ELISA, and IHC. Following 17-DMAG treatment, the level of HER2 expression, estimated by PET imaging, in BT474 and Mcf-7/clone18 tumors decreased 70% and 30%. This change was confirmed by the biodistribution studies, ELISA and western blot.&amp;#x2028; Discussion: This strategy, involving assessment of target presence and distribution in an individual patient followed by optimized, target-specific drug delivery, may significantly improve efficacy of breast cancer treatment while reducing side effects. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 6004.
Learning-Based Physical Layer Communications for Multi-agent\n Collaboration (2018)

Consider a collaborative task carried out by two autonomous agents that are\nable to communicate over a noisy channel. Each agent is only aware of its own\nstate, while the accomplishment of the task depends on the value of the joint\nstate of both agents. As an example, both agents must simultaneously reach a\ncertain location of the environment, while only being aware of their respective\npositions. Assuming the presence of feedback in the form of a common reward to\nthe agents, a conventional approach would apply separately: (i) an\noff-the-shelf coding and decoding scheme in order to enhance the reliability of\nthe communication of the state of one agent to the other; and (ii) a standard\nmulti-agent reinforcement learning strategy to learn how to act in the\nresulting environment. In this work, it is demonstrated that the performance of\nthe collaborative task can be improved if the agents learn jointly how to\ncommunicate and to act, even in the presence of a delay in the communication\nchannel.\n
Multi Tbit/in2Storage Densities with Thermomechanical Probes (2009)

Exploiting the spatial resolution of scanning probes presents an attractive approach for novel data storage technologies in particular for large-scale data repositories because of their inherent potential for high storage density. We show that multi-Tbit/in(2) density can be achieved by means of thermomechanically embossing the information as indentation marks into a polymer film. The data density is determined by the nonlinear interaction between closely spaced indents and the fundamental scaling relations governing the shape and size of the indents. We find that cooperative effects in polymers give rise to a minimum indentation radius on the order of the correlation length of the cooperatively rearranged region even if formed by an infinitely sharp indenter. Thus, cooperativity coupled to alpha-transitions in polymers is evinced in a real space geometrical experiment. Furthermore, we predict that indentation marks cannot be made smaller than 5 nm in diameter, which limits the feature resolution for embossing technologies in general.
Positronium negative ion experiments – formation, photodetachment and production of an energy tunable positronium beam– (2012)

Recent developments in the efficient production of positronium negative ions open the door to a new era of experimental investigations of these ions. In the present paper, experimental studies so far are reviewed.
Sprouty4, a suppressor of tumor cell motility, is downregulated by DNA methylation in human prostate cancer (2005)

Sprouty4 expression is down regulated in human prostate cancer by DNA methylation and this decreased expression may contribute to increased cell migration.
Le possibilità di gioco nell'integrazione dei bambini con esperienza migratoria (2021)

La presente intervista è stata realizzata con il pedagogista ludico Antonio Di Pietro, che ricerca e lavora sul tema del gioco in Italia. Il tema, che ha guidato le nostre domande, è stato: il gioco nell'integrazione dei bambini con l'esperienza migratoria. Il Professore presenta il gioco come una risorsa importante per imparare la lingua; promuovere le relazioni tra bambini/bambini, bambini/adulti e educatori e famiglie; valorizzare la lingua madre, considerandola come il linguaggio delle emozioni. Infine, il gioco come un dispositivo interculturale, considerando le sue dimensioni emotive, relazionali e motivazionali.
A New Lossless FMO Removal Scheme for H.264 Videos (2009)

This paper describes a lossless scheme to transcode FMO-encoded H.264 videos at the receiver for playback by any H.264 decoder/player. The proposed scheme works in the compressed domain and does not require extended computations or storage. Moreover, it is capable of modifying the slice structure when slices are lost during the transmission and is frame-based which makes it suitable for live video streaming applications. We first describe the FMO removal process at the receiver and then demonstrate, via actual implementation, the tradeoffs in terms of the relative overhead for decoding different FMO types under varying degrees of packet losses. We also present a novel method that accurately predicts the average overheads for storage space considerations on the receiving device. The scheme also allows the reduction of the sizes of videos encoded with several slices once received. Our results show that FMO Type 1 incurs the highest relative overheads and these overheads should be managed carefully, especially in a network environment with high losses.
35: Histone deacetylase inhibitors induce indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase and modulate dendritic cell functions (2007)

Recent studies have demonstrated that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, reduces experimental acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We investigated the cellular-molecular mechanisms of immuno-modulation by two HDAC inhibitors, SAHA and ITF 2357. Stimulation of bone marrow derived dendritic cells (DCs) with various TLR ligands (lipopolysaccharide (LPS), PGN, CpG) after pretreatment with either SAHA caused a significant reduction in the secretion of TNF-α, IL-12p70 and IL-6 compared to the untreated controls (P< 0.01). Similar effects were seen using human peripheral blood mononuclear cell derived DCs. Pre-treatment of DCs also significantly reduced their in vitro and in vivo stimulation of allogeneic T cells as measured by proliferation and IFN-γ production (P<0.05), which was not reversed by anti-IL-10 or anti-TGFβ. No significant difference was observed in the viability of pretreated and control DCs. Pretreatment significantly suppressed the expression of CD40 and CD80. When mixed with normal DCs at 1:1 ratio, SAHA treated DCs suppressed allogeneic T cell responses in a contact dependent manner. When DCs from B6 MHC Class II deficient (H-2b) were treated with SAHA and co-cultured with wild type B6 DCs along with purified allogeneic BALB/c (H-2d) CD4+ T cells in an MLR, the allo-CD4+ T cells proliferated demonstrating the regulation to be dependent on contact between SAHA treated DCs and T cells. To determine the molecular mechanism, we analyzed for the expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) and found that both SAHA and ITF 2357 increased IDO at the mRNA and protein levels. A functional role for IDO was confirmed by the blockade of its induction with specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) in SAHA mediated suppression if TNF- α. To address the in vivo relevance of this suppression, we utilized the [BALB/c →B6] model of acute GVHD. B6 animals received 11Gy on day -1 and injected with of 5 million B6 SAHA treated or control DCs on days -1, 0, and +2. Mice were transplanted with T cells and BM from either syngeneic B6 or allogeneic BALB/c donors. Injection of SAHA treated DCs resulted in better survival (60% vs. 10%, P < 0.05) and significantly reduced serum levels of TNF-α and donor T cell expansion compared to the controls. Together our data demonstrate a novel IDO dependent mechanism for HDAC inhibitor mediated immuno-modulation of DCs and regulation of GVHD.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of C‐4‐Hydrazide Derivatives of 2′,3′‐Dideoxycytidine (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of arrays of printed antennas with a 2D multiresolution method of moment (2002)

The method of moments is a well known and largely used electromagnetic analysis technique. This technique often becomes computationally intractable when fine discretisations or (and) large structures are involved. In both cases, the technique leads to store a large and dense matrix and the calculation time as well as the memory storage increase dramatically. To overcome these difficulties, the use of wavelet bases has been proposed. In this paper, Chui-Haar (see Numerical Methods of Approximation Theory, vol.9. p.53-75) wavelets are used as basis and testing functions in the MoM (MRMoM). The application of the multiresolution analysis (MRA) permits one to obtain sparse linear systems and then to improve the performances of the MoM. This paper presents the application of the MRMoM for modelling of arrays of microstrip antennas. The formulation of the MRMoM for planar antennas is presented. The aim of this paper is to presents new numerical results which demonstrate the MRMoM capabilities. A linear array of electromagnetically coupled (EMC) dipoles is first proposed. Secondly, a 16 elements planar array of rectangular microstrip patches is analysed.
Variable elimination in post-translational modification reaction\n networks with mass-action kinetics (2011)

We define a subclass of Chemical Reaction Networks called Post-Translational\nModification systems. Important biological examples of such systems include\nMAPK cascades and two-component systems which are well-studied experimentally\nas well as theoretically. The steady states of such a system are solutions to a\nsystem of polynomial equations with as many variables as equations. Even for\nsmall systems the task of finding the solutions is daunting. We develop a\nmathematical framework based on the notion of a cut, which provides a linear\nelimination procedure to reduce the number of variables in the system. The\nsteady states are parameterized algebraically by a set of "core" variables, and\nthe non-negative steady states correspond to non-negative values of the core\nvariables. Further, minimal cuts are the connected components in the species\ngraph and provide conservation laws. A criterion for when a set of independent\nconservation laws can be derived from cuts is given.\n
Time Reversal Study (2016)

In this chapter we will examine ways to determine the input signal of a receiver from the receiver&apos;s output signal using a time reversal filter. The input signal is usually measured by a receiver, which will distort the input signal. Assuming that receiving system is a linear system, then its output information represents the input signal modified by the receiving system&apos;s impulse response. To compensate for the impact of the receiving system on the input signal, the impulse response of the receiving system is used to design a time reversal filter. The time reversal filter can compensate for signal distortion caused by the receiving system, thus restoring the input signal. In most applications the input information is of interest, and by knowing the impulse function of the receiving system, the input signal can be obtained. The time reversal filter was first proposed for acoustics [1, 2] and is widely used in communications [3-6]. In this chapter we will demonstrate how the time reversal filter can expedite the calibration of an angle of arrival (AOA) system in which the information of the input signal is used to find the angle information on the signal. Since an impulse function is difficult to generate in a laboratory environment, chirp signals can be used as an alternative to determine the impulse response. Based on the impulse response, a time reversal filter can then be determined and used to find the input signal. The impact of the chirp signal on the performance of the resulting time reversal filter is investigated in this chapter. The concept of fractional time delay, which delays the time less than the sampling period, is also discussed. This concept is important for calibrating an AOA measurement system.
Synthesis of fluorinated carbocyclic nucleosides: preparation of carbocyclic 1-(2′-deoxy-6′-fluororibofuranosyl)-5-iodouracils (1987)

The epoxide (4) was opened regioselectively using azide ion and fluoride ion to give the alcohols (5) and (13) respectively as the major products; azido alcohol (5) was converted into the anti-viral carbocyclic 2′-deoxy-6′-fluorouridines (11) and (16)[crystal data were obtained on compound (15)].
Retinal measurements predict 10‐year disability in multiple sclerosis (2019)

Lower baseline TMV measured by OCT significantly predicts higher disability at 10 years, even after accounting for baseline disability status.
Mechanistic Implications of Nickel-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes and Chiral 1,6-Enynes (2006)

[reaction: see text]. A study of nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of aldehydes and chiral 1,6-enynes has provided evidence for three distinct mechanistic pathways that govern regioselectivity in this transformation. In the absence of a phosphine additive, high regioselectivity and high diastereoselectivity are obtained as a direct result of coordination of both the alkyne and the olefin to the metal center during the C-C bond-forming step.
Determination of Internal Energy Distributions of Laser Electrospray Mass Spectrometry using Thermometer Ions and Other Biomolecules (2014)

The internal energy distributions for dried and liquid samples that were vaporized with femtosecond duration laser pulses centered at 800 nm and postionized by electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LEMS) were measured and compared with conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The internal energies of the mass spectral techniques were determined by plotting the ratio of the intact parent molecular features to all integrated ion intensities of the fragments as a function of collisional energy using benzylpyridinium salts and peptides. Measurements of dried p-substituted benzylpyridinium salts using LEMS resulted in a greater extent of fragmentation in addition to the benzyl cation. The mean relative internal energies, <E(int)> were determined to be 1.62 ± 0.06, 2.0 ± 0.5, and 1.6 ± 0.3 eV for ESI-MS, dried LEMS, and liquid LEMS studies, respectively. Two-photon resonances with the laser pulses likely caused lower survival yields in LEMS analyses of dried samples but not liquid samples. In studies with larger biomolecules, LEMS analyses of dried samples from glass showed a decrease in survival yield compared with conventional ESI-MS for leucine enkephalin and bradykinin of ~15% and 11%, respectively. The survival yields for liquid LEMS analyses were comparable to or better than ESI-MS for benzylpyridinium salts and large biomolecules.
Comparison of Water Sorption Isotherms Applied to Compost Biofilters of Different Particle Sizes (2008)

Compost material as biofilter media has been extensively used for contaminant gas treatment in the recent years. However, one of the biggest challenges in the use of this type of material is compost moisture content control. In this work it was observed that for high levels of equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) low levels of equilibrium moisture content (EMC) are obtained (i.e., 99% of ERH produced EMC of approximately 20%, dry-basis, at 25oC). Maintaining high ERH for optimum microbial activity demands a constant water supply through the biofilter irrigation system, considering the low water retention of the material. In order to describe water sorption behavior in compost, seven isotherms equations were evaluated for four selected particle sizes (particles retained in 3.36 mm, 2.38 mm, 2.00 mm, and 1.68 mm openings) of compost biofilters. Observed data were tested against isotherm models for their goodness of fit. Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips (Langmuir-Freundlich), BET, BET for n-layers, GAB, and Henderson isotherms were compared. The Henderson model appeared to provide the best fit, as determined by regression coefficient standard errors and high coefficients of determination for all four particle size ranges tested. In addition, 95% confidence and prediction indicate that the Henderson model can be used for future predictions. The Henderson model was also used to test for significance of particle size treatments. For the four tested particle sizes, the Henderson model parameters for the two largest particle size ranges were not significantly different indicating similar water sorption behavior.
Energy band alignment of atomic layer deposited HfO2 on epitaxial (110)Ge grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2013)

The band alignment properties of atomic layer HfO2 film deposited on epitaxial (110)Ge, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy exhibited a sharp interface between the (110)Ge epilayer and the HfO2 film. The measured valence band offset value of HfO2 relative to (110)Ge was 2.28 ± 0.05 eV. The extracted conduction band offset value was 2.66 ± 0.1 eV using the bandgaps of HfO2 of 5.61 eV and Ge bandgap of 0.67 eV. These band offset parameters and the interface chemical properties of HfO2/(110)Ge system are of tremendous importance for the design of future high hole mobility and low-power Ge-based metal-oxide transistor devices.
HyPR-seq: Single-cell quantification of chosen RNAs via hybridization and sequencing of DNA probes (2020)

ABSTRACT Single-cell quantification of RNAs is important for understanding cellular heterogeneity and gene regulation, yet current approaches suffer from low sensitivity for individual transcripts, limiting their utility for many applications. Here we present Hybridization of Probes to RNA for sequencing (HyPR-seq), a method to sensitively quantify the expression of up to 100 chosen genes in single cells. HyPR-seq involves hybridizing DNA probes to RNA, distributing cells into nanoliter droplets, amplifying the probes with PCR, and sequencing the amplicons to quantify the expression of chosen genes. HyPR-seq achieves high sensitivity for individual transcripts, detects nonpolyadenylated and low-abundance transcripts, and can profile more than 100,000 single cells. We demonstrate how HyPR-seq can profile the effects of CRISPR perturbations in pooled screens, detect time-resolved changes in gene expression via measurements of gene introns, and detect rare transcripts and quantify cell type frequencies in tissue using low-abundance marker genes. By directing sequencing power to genes of interest and sensitively quantifying individual transcripts, HyPR-seq reduces costs by up to 100-fold compared to whole-transcriptome scRNA-seq, making HyPR-seq a powerful method for targeted RNA profiling in single cells.
Wireless Power Transfer: Systems, Circuits, Standards, and Use Cases (2022)

Wireless power transfer provides a most convenient solution to charge devices remotely and without contacts. R&D has advanced the capabilities, variety, and maturity of solutions greatly in recent years. This survey provides a comprehensive overview of the state of the art on different technological concepts, including electromagnetic coupled and uncoupled systems and acoustic technologies. Solutions to transfer mW to MW of power, over distances ranging from millimeters to kilometers, and exploiting wave concepts from kHz to THz, are covered. It is an attractive charging option for many existing applications and moreover opens new opportunities. Various technologies are proposed to provide wireless power to these devices. The main challenges reside in the efficiency and range of the transfer. We highlight innovation in beamforming and UV-assisted approaches. Of particular interest for designers is the discussion of implementation and operational aspects, standards, and safety relating to regulations. A high-level catalog of potential applications maps these to adequate technological options for wireless power transfer.
Temperature mapping of operating nanoscale devices by scanning probe thermometry (2016)

Imaging temperature fields at the nanoscale is a central challenge in various areas of science and technology. Nanoscopic hotspots, such as those observed in integrated circuits or plasmonic nanostructures, can be used to modify the local properties of matter, govern physical processes, activate chemical reactions and trigger biological mechanisms in living organisms. The development of high-resolution thermometry techniques is essential for understanding local thermal non-equilibrium processes during the operation of numerous nanoscale devices. Here we present a technique to map temperature fields using a scanning thermal microscope. Our method permits the elimination of tip-sample contact-related artefacts, a major hurdle that so far has limited the use of scanning probe microscopy for nanoscale thermometry. We map local Peltier effects at the metal-semiconductor contacts to an indium arsenide nanowire and self-heating of a metal interconnect with 7 mK and sub-10 nm spatial temperature resolution.