gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Generation of a Macroscopic Schrödinger Cat State of Atoms with Parity-Independent Orientation (2022)

We show that using the process of one-axis-twist squeezing in an echo configuration, it is possible to control the orientation of the macroscopic magnetic moment of a large number of atoms by manipulating the quantum state of a single atom that is physically isolated from the ensemble. With this control technique, it is also possible to entangle an ensemble with a single atom deterministically, which mimics the thought experiment known as the Schrödinger cat. In addition, this technique would make it possible to generate a mesoscopic Schrödinger cat state for a large number of atoms far more rapidly that the conventional process for generating such a state, with an orientation that is independent of the parity of the number of atoms. Apart from the echo configuration, we have also investigated the behavior of one-axis-twist squeezing for some special values of the squeezing parameter. We find that the squeezing propagator can be expressed as the sum of n rotation operators if the product of n and the squeezing parameter equals pi, where n is a non-zero integer. A direct consequence of this property of one-axis-twist squeezing is that there is a hidden order in a squeezed state generated under this condition even if its Husimi quasi-probability distribution looks irregular.
Comparative motif discovery combined with comparative transcriptomics yields accurate targetome and enhancer predictions (2012)

The identification of transcription factor binding sites, enhancers, and transcriptional target genes often relies on the integration of gene expression profiling and computational cis-regulatory sequence analysis. Methods for the prediction of cis-regulatory elements can take advantage of comparative genomics to increase signal-to-noise levels. However, gene expression data are usually derived from only one species. Here we investigate tissue-specific cross-species gene expression profiling by high-throughput sequencing, combined with cross-species motif discovery. First, we compared different methods for expression level quantification and cross-species integration using Tag-seq data. Using the optimal pipeline, we derived a set of genes with conserved expression during retinal determination across Drosophila melanogaster, Drosophila yakuba, and Drosophila virilis. These genes are enriched for binding sites of eye-related transcription factors including the zinc-finger Glass, a master regulator of photoreceptor differentiation. Validation of predicted Glass targets using RNA-seq in homozygous glass mutants confirms that the majority of our predictions are expressed downstream from Glass. Finally, we tested nine candidate enhancers by in vivo reporter assays and found eight of them to drive GFP in the eye disc, of which seven colocalize with the Glass protein, namely, scrt, chp, dpr10, CG6329, retn, Lim3, and dmrt99B. In conclusion, we show for the first time the combined use of cross-species expression profiling with cross-species motif discovery as a method to define a core developmental program, and we augment the candidate Glass targetome from a single known target gene, lozenge, to at least 62 conserved transcriptional targets.
Scene Based Wavefront Sensing for Figure Control of Airborne and Space Optics (2009)

Correlation wavefront sensing is applied to the problem of figure and alignment maintenance of imaging systems on airborne and space platforms. The design of the system and results of laboratory testing are presented.
Use of antiviral therapy in surveillance: impact on outcome of hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (2011)

This study provides evidence that commencement of antiviral therapy during the surveillance period is associated with improvement in overall survival in HBV-related HCC.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Synergistic Targeting of PI3K/AKT Pathway and Androgen Receptor Axis Significantly Delays Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Progression <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 67KB, Cartoon showing development of CRPC and treatment regime&lt;/p&gt;
Organization and Work Systems Design and Engineering: From Simulation to Implementation of Multiagent Systems (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Work Systems Design Modeling and Simulation of Work Systems Work Practice Modeling and Simulation The Brahms Language Systems Engineering: From Simulation to Implementation A Case Study: The OCA Mirroring System Conclusion
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Coatings Based on Polyfunctional Silanols as New Monomers in Sol-Gel Processing (2001)

Organic-inorganic hybrid materials offer the opportunity to combine the desirable properties of organic polymers (toughness, elasticity) with those of inorganic solids (hardness, chemical resistance). Since improved mechanical and chemical resistance is an increasing demand for various coating applications, hybrid materials were developed based on polyfunctional silanols as new monomers in sol-gel processing. After hydrolysis and condensation with different co-reactants, coatings with superior optical and mechanical properties are obtained at ambient temperature. Such hybrid coatings show excellent chemical resistance and high UV stability. Although the adhesion to many substrates is good without additional pretreatment, the hybrid coatings exhibit a very anti-adhesive surface. Due to these properties potential applications include automotive clear coats, hard coats for plastics, anti-graffiti coatings and biocide-free fouling-release coatings.
Effects of Gas Adsorption in Nanotribology and Demonstration of In-Situ Vapor Phase Lubrication of MEMS Devices (2007)

This paper discusses the important role of gas adsorption in nanotribology and demonstrates in-situ vapor phase lubrication of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. We have elucidated the molecular ordering and thickness of the adsorbed water layer on the clean silicon oxide surface and found the molecular-level origin for the high adhesion between nano-asperity silicon oxide contacts in humid ambient. The same gas adsorption process can be utilized for continuous supply of lubricant molecules to form a few Å thick lubricant films on solid surfaces. Using alcohol vapor adsorption, we demonstrated that the adhesion, friction, and wear of the silicon oxide surface can significantly be reduced. This process made it possible to operate sliding MEMS without failure for an extended period of time.
Effect of age on the pharmacokinetics and sedative of flunitrazepam. (1981)

Flunitrazepam (0.015 mg/kg) was injected i.v. into 20 patients, ages 19-79 years, as a sedative agent prior to epidural anesthesia. The concentrations of unchanged flunitrazepam in sea were determined by 63Ni-EC-GLC, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using the two-compartment open model. Age as such had no effect on the kinetics of flunitrazepam, but its sedative effect was clearly increased in the group over 60. No correlation between the serum level or elimination half-life and sedation was found. Generally, flunitrazepam's strong and rapid sedative effect renders it a useful adjuvant in connection with epidural anesthesia.
Identifying messaging completion in a parallel computer by checking for change in message received and transmitted count at each node (2023)

Methods, parallel computers, and products are provided for identifying messaging completion on a parallel computer. The parallel computer includes a plurality of compute nodes, the compute nodes coupled for data communications by at least two independent data communications networks including a binary tree data communications network optimal for collective operations that organizes the nodes as a tree and a torus data communications network optimal for point to point operations that organizes the nodes as a torus. Embodiments include reading all counters at each node of the torus data communications network; calculating at each node a current node value in dependence upon the values read from the counters at each node; and determining for all nodes whether the current node value for each node is the same as a previously calculated node value for each node. If the current node is the same as the previously calculated node value for all nodes of the torus data communications network, embodiments include determining that messaging is complete and if the current node is not the same as the previously calculated node value for all nodes of the torus data communications network, embodiments include determining that messaging is currently incomplete.
Mode Division Multiplexed 850-nm Single-Mode VCSEL Transmission Using Standard Single-Mode Fiber (2021)

Mode division multiplexing (MDM) has attracted great attention in recent years to increase the network capacity. To apply MDM in data center applications, a low-cost and low power consumption system is desired. In this letter, we utilize 850-nm single-mode VCSEL as the laser source and report mode division multiplexed transmission over a standard single-mode fiber, which is two-mode at 850 nm. Due to the small spot size and low numerical aperture, single-mode VCSEL can be coupled into single-mode fibers with low loss. The mode multiplexer and de-multiplexer devices are designed and fabricated based on fiber mode selective couplers using Hi780 fiber as the 850-nm single-mode launch and receiving fiber and standard single-mode fiber as the few-mode transmission fiber. The MDM system supports two channels, corresponding to the LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> and LP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode in the few-mode transmission fiber. Detailed characterizations of the multiplexer and de-multiplexer are conducted including the insertion loss and crosstalk measurements. System transmission at 25 Gb/s shows error free performance over 1-km standard single- mode fiber for both channels. The utilization of VCSEL and standard single-mode fiber can potentially provide a low-cost solution for MDM systems in data center applications.
R-buffer (2001)

We present a graphics hardware architecture that implements Carpenter's A-buffer. The A-buffer is a software renderer that uses pointer based linked lists. Our pointerless approach computes order independent transparency for any number of layers with minimal hardware complexity. Statistics are shown for a variety of different scenes using a trace based methodology, with an instrumented Mesa OpenGL implementation. The architecture is shown to require from 2.1 to 3.6 times more memory than traditional Z-buffering. A detailed hardware design is provided. Order independent transparency is computed without application sorting and without artifacts. The architecture can also be used for antialiasing, and an example of Carpenter's classical A-buffer antialiasing is shown.
Beneficial Effects of Marine Algae-Derived Carbohydrates for Skin Health (2018)

Marine algae have been considered as abundant source of bioactive compounds with cosmeceutical potential. Recently, a great deal of interest has focused on the health-promoting effects of marine bioactive compounds. Carbohydrate is a major and abundant constitute of marine algae that have been utilized in cosmetic formulations, such as moisturizing and thickening agents. In addition, marine carbohydrates have been suggested as promising bioactive biomaterials for various skin beneficial properties, such as anti-oxidant, anti-melanogenic and anti-skin aging. Therefore, marine algae carbohydrates have potential of skin health benefits for value-added cosmeceutical application. The present review focused on the various biological capacities and potential skin health benefits of bioactive marine carbohydrates.
High‐Performance Lithium Metal Batteries Enabled by a Fluorinated Cyclic Ether with a Low Reduction Potential (2023)

Abstract Electrolyte engineering is crucial for developing high‐performance lithium metal batteries (LMB). Here, we synthesized two cosolvents methyl bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (MFSI) and 3,3,4,4‐tetrafluorotetrahydrofuran (TFF) with significantly different reduction potentials and add them into LiFSI‐DME electrolytes. The LiFSI/TFF‐DME electrolyte gave an average Li Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 99.41 % over 200 cycles, while the average Li CEs for MFSI‐based electrolyte is only 98.62 %. Additionally, the TFF‐based electrolytes exhibited a more reversible performance than the state‐of‐the‐art fluorinated 1,4‐dimethoxylbutane electrolyte in both Li||Cu half‐cell and anode‐free Cu||LiNi 0.8 Mn 0.1 Co 0.1 O 2 full cell. More importantly, the decomposition product from bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide anion could react with ether solvent, which destroyed the SEI, thus decreasing cell performance. These key discoveries provide new insights into the rational design of electrolyte solvents and cosolvents for LMB.
Guided Bone Engineering: Healing of Large Bone Defects (2006)

Tissue engineering (TE) aims/seeks to achieve the substitution of organ transplantation by the creation of living, functional tissues. It has been suggested that biocompatible porous materials (scaffolds) and a controllable 3D environment are required to aid in the 3D cell organisation and their development into functional tissue. Our research envisions a TE-approach towards the repair of large, load bearing defects in long bones. In vitro standardised, systematic, quantitative screening of potential bone scaffolds is required to understand how scaffolds can affect cell behaviour. This screening will avoid a trial-and-error approach and thus limit the number of animal experiments. Such a screening should be based on the knowledge of mechanical, physical and (bio)chemical scaffold properties and their interaction with cell behaviour. In addition, the design and production of a clinically relevant scaffold requires control over its mechanical behaviour and a new approach for cell seeding in a 3D scaffold, as well as providing nutrition for the engrafted cells. The objective of this research is to gain substantial knowledge about guided bone regeneration and to develop quantitative methodologies that can lead to consistent and reproducible bone regeneration.
Analyzing the Collapse Force of Narrow Lines Measured by Lateral Force AFM Using an Analytical Mechanical Model (2009)

When a physical cleaning technology, such as megasonic and high-velocity-liquid aerosol cleaning, is considered for the removal of particles or photo resist residues, damage addition is a major concern. After detection of defects in long gate stack lines by bright field inspection (KT2800), SEM imaging shows they extend over a length in the order of 1μm (Figure 1) [1].
Towards equity in energy efficiency analyses (2021)

The electric grid has begun a profound transition from primarily using carbon-intensive energy to instead using carbon-free renewable energy. In parallel, smart meters and other sensors are now providing us unparalleled visibility into the energy-efficiency of building and grid operations. Researchers are actively using building and grid energy data from these sensors to develop analytics techniques, e.g., using machine learning, that can improve energy-efficiency and facilitate the energy transition. Unfortunately, much of this research ignores the impact of these analytics on equity. That is, while current data analytics techniques may accurately identify energy-inefficiencies, they generally do not contextualize the underlying reasons for these inefficiencies. For example, data analytics that identify the most energy-inefficient homes might motivate new programs that target these homes for subsidies to improve energy-efficiency. However, the most energy-inefficient homes might also correlate with those with the highest income that have less need for subsidies, and engage in the most energy wasteful behavior. In contrast, the most energy-efficient homes might be the homes that can least afford to waste (or even use) energy. In this paper, we use an example from recent research to illustrate the inequity of state-of-the-art energy analytics, and argue that energy analytics research should elevate equity to a first-class concern.
An Exploratory Study of the Association between KCNB1 rs1051295 and Type 2 Diabetes and Its Related Traits in Chinese Han Population (2013)

Since the KCNB1 encoding Kv2.1 channel accounts for the majority of Kv currents modulating insulin secretion by pancreatic islet beta-cells, we postulated that KCNB1 is a plausible candidate gene for genetic variation contributing to the variable compensatory secretory function of beta-cells in type-2 diabetes (T2D). We conducted two studies, a case-control study and a cross-section study, to investigate the association of common single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in KCNB1 with T2D and its linking traits. In the case-control study, we first examined the association of 20 tag SNPs of KCNB1 with T2D in a population with 226 T2D patients and non-diabetic subjects (screening study). We then identified the association in an enlarged population of 412 T2D patients and non-diabetic subjects (replication study). In the cross-sectional study, we investigated the linkage between the candidate SNP rs1051295 and T2D by comparing beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity among rs1051295 genotypes in a general population of 1051 subjects at fasting and after glucose loading (oral glucose tolerance tests, OGTT) in 84 fasting glucose impaired subjects, and several T2D-related traits. We found that among the 19 available tag SNPs, only the KCNB1 rs1051295 was associated with T2D (P = 0.027), with the rs1051295 TT genotype associated with an increased risk of T2D compared with genotypes CC (P = 0.009). At fasting, rs1051295 genotype TT was associated with a 9.8% reduction in insulin sensitivity compared to CC (P = 0.008); along with increased plasma triglycerides (TG) levels (TT/CC: P = 0.046) and increased waist/hip (W/H) ratio (TT/CC: P = 0.013; TT/TC: P = 0.002). OGTT confirmed that genotype TT exhibited reduced insulin sensitivity by 16.3% (P = 0.030) compared with genotype TC+CC in a fasting glucose impaired population. The KCNB1 rs1051295 genotype TT in the Chinese Han population is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity and increased plasma TG and W/H ratio, which together contribute to an increased risk for T2D.
Tuning garbage collection in an embedded Java environment (2004)

Traditionally, the Java virtual machine (JVM), the cornerstone of Java technology, is tuned for performance, taking into account that the energy consumption requires re-evaluation, and possibly re-design of the virtual machine. This motivates us to tune specific components of the virtual machine for a battery-operated architecture. As embedded JVMs are designed to run for long periods of time on limited-memory embedded systems, creating and managing Java objects is of critical importance. The garbage collector (GC) is an important part of the JVM responsible for the automatic reclamation of unused memory. This paper shows that the GC is not only important for limited-memory systems but also for energy-constrained architectures. In particular, we present a GC-controlled leakage energy optimization technique that shuts off memory banks that do not hold live data. A variety of parameters, such as bank size, the garbage collection frequency, object allocation style, compaction style, and compaction frequency are tuned for energy saving.
Activation of PPARγ and δ by dietary punicic acid ameliorates intestinal inflammation in mice (2011)

The goal of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms of immunoregulation by which dietary punicic acid (PUA) prevents or ameliorates experimental inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The expression of PPARγ and δ, their responsive genes and pro-inflammatory cytokines was assayed in the colonic mucosa. Immune cell-specific PPARγ null, PPARδ knockout and wild-type mice were treated with PUA and challenged with 2·5 % dextran sodium sulphate (DSS). The prophylactic efficacy of PUA was examined in an IL-10(-/-) model of IBD. The effect of PUA on the regulatory T-cell (Treg) compartment was also examined in mice with experimental IBD. PUA ameliorated spontaneous pan-enteritis in IL-10(-/-) mice and DSS colitis, up-regulated Foxp3 expression in Treg and suppressed TNF-α, but the loss of functional PPARγ or δ impaired these anti-inflammatory effects. At the cellular level, the macrophage-specific deletion of PPARγ caused a complete abrogation of the protective effect of PUA, whereas the deletion of PPARδ or intestinal epithelial cell-specific PPARγ decreased its anti-inflammatory efficacy. We provide in vivo molecular evidence demonstrating that PUA ameliorates experimental IBD by regulating macrophage and T-cell function through PPARγ- and δ-dependent mechanisms.
Pattern rejection (1996)

The efficiency of pattern recognition is particularly crucial in two scenarios; whenever there are a large number of classes to discriminate, and, whenever recognition must be performed a large number of times. We propose a single technique, namely, pattern rejection, that greatly enhances efficiency in both cases. A rejector is a generalization of a classifier, that quickly eliminates a large fraction of the candidate classes or inputs. This allows a recognition algorithm to dedicate its efforts to a much smaller number of possibilities. Importantly, a collection of rejectors may be combined to form a composite rejector, which is shown to be far more effective than any of its individual components. A simple algorithm is proposed for the construction of each of the component rejectors. Its generality is established through close relationships with the Karhunen-Loeve expansion and Fisher's discriminant analysis. Composite rejectors were constructed for two representative applications, namely, appearance matching based object recognition and local feature detection. The results demonstrate substantial efficiency improvements over existing approaches, most notably Fisher's discriminant analysis.