gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin regulation of protein phosphorylation in isolated rat liver nuclear envelopes: potential relationship to mRNA metabolism. (1983)

The direct addition of insulin to highly purified nuclear envelopes prepared from the livers of diabetic rats resulted in a decrease in the incorporation of 32P into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable proteins. Autoradiography of 32P-labeled envelopes, solubilized in sodium dodecyl sulfate and subjected to electrophoresis, revealed that insulin decreased the phosphorylation of all major protein bands. Insulin produced detectable effects at concentrations between 0.1 and 1 pM, maximal effects at 10 pM, and progressively diminished effects at higher concentrations. Two insulin analogs, desdipeptide proinsulin and desoctapeptide insulin, had approximately 10% and 1%, respectively, the activity of native insulin. When nuclear envelopes were first phosphorylated with [gamma-32P]ATP and insulin was then added with an excess of unlabeled ATP, dephosphorylation was enhanced, suggesting that insulin was regulating nuclear envelope phosphatase activity. The direct addition of insulin to isolated rat liver nuclei in the presence of ATP stimulated the release of previously 14C-labeled trichloroacetic acid-precipitable mRNA-like material, and the direct addition of insulin to nuclear envelopes stimulated the activity of nucleoside triphosphatase, the enzyme that participates in mRNA nucleocytoplasmic transport. Moreover, the dose-response curves for these functions mirrored insulin's inhibition of nuclear envelope phosphorylation. These data suggest, therefore, a mechanism whereby insulin directly inhibits the phosphorylation of the nuclear envelope, leading in turn to the regulation of mRNA metabolism.
Alterations in ANG II responsiveness in left and right myocardium after infarction-induced heart failure in rats (1993)

To determine the effects of coronary arterial occlusion on the contractile response of the heart to angiotensin II (ANG II) administration, large infarcts were surgically induced in Sprague-Dawley rats at 2 mo of age. Forty-eight hours later, hearts from experimental animals presented a hemodynamic profile indicative of left ventricular failure and right ventricular dysfunction and revealed a loss of mass of 49.3 +/- 10.8% of the left ventricle inclusive of the interventricular septum. Plasma renin activity was found to be decreased by 48% in animals with occlusion of the left main coronary artery. Left and right posterior papillary muscles removed from these same hearts were evaluated mechanically in the presence and absence of ANG II. Contractile performance was impaired in left ventricular myocardium from infarcted rats as evidenced by the inability to attain developed tension similar to that seen in control rats. In addition, peak rates of tension rise and decay were significantly depressed. A reduction in contraction duration was also found in experimental animals, limiting the active state of the myocardium. ANG II resulted in a depression in the force-generating ability of left and right papillary muscles of control and experimental animals. Importantly, the negative inotropic effect of ANG II affected the left and right myocardium from infarcted rats by nearly twofold and threefold more than the corresponding muscles from controls. Morphometric evaluation revealed the absence of damage in both papillary muscles from control hearts and in the right muscles from experimental animals. However, necrotic tissue comprised 28.3 +/- 9.8% of left papillary muscles obtained from infarcted ventricles. It is concluded that ANG II administration resulted in reduced mechanical performance of rat myocardium. Coronary arterial ligation potentiated this phenomenon, and such a negative effect may have implication in infarction induced heart failure in vivo.
Report: Lightwave Splicing and Connector Technology (1987)

The functions of splices and connectors are to interconnect the transmission media and to connect the media to optical devices. Splices are for the most part intended to stay permanently connected, although some designs offer the opportunity of separation and rejoining. Connectors, on the other hand, are designed for frequent separation and rejoining. Connectors may possibly require cleaning when rejoined, whereas splices require replacement of matching gels or adhesives and possibly repolishing. The most operationally significant system parameter of these components is optical loss. The loss is dependent on alignment of the fibers, the end conditions of the fibers, and the fiber-core parameters (primarily core diameter and peak index difference in multimode fibers and mode-field diameter in single-mode fibers). These fiber-core parameters are not under the control of the splice or connector design and will not be covered further here.
Cerebral Blood Oxygenation Measurement Based on Oxygen-dependent Quenching of Phosphorescence (2011)

Monitoring of the spatiotemporal characteristics of cerebral blood and tissue oxygenation is crucial for better understanding of the neuro-metabolic-vascular relationship. Development of new pO2 measurement modalities with simultaneous monitoring of pO2 in larger fields of view with higher spatial and/or temporal resolution will enable greater insight into the functioning of the normal brain and will also have significant impact on diagnosis and treatment of neurovascular diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and head injury. Optical imaging modalities have shown a great potential to provide high spatiotemporal resolution and quantitative imaging of pO2 based on hemoglobin absorption in visible and near infrared range of optical spectrum. However, multispectral measurement of cerebral blood oxygenation relies on photon migration through the highly scattering brain tissue. Estimation and modeling of tissue optical parameters, which may undergo dynamic changes during the experiment, is typically required for accurate estimation of blood oxygenation. On the other hand, estimation of the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) based on oxygen-dependent quenching of phosphorescence should not be significantly affected by the changes in the optical parameters of the tissue and provides an absolute measure of pO2. Experimental systems that utilize oxygen-sensitive dyes have been demonstrated in in vivo studies of the perfused tissue as well as for monitoring the oxygen content in tissue cultures, showing that phosphorescence quenching is a potent technology capable of accurate oxygen imaging in the physiological pO2 range. Here we demonstrate with two different imaging modalities how to perform measurement of pO2 in cortical vasculature based on phosphorescence lifetime imaging. In first demonstration we present wide field of view imaging of pO2 at the cortical surface of a rat. This imaging modality has relatively simple experimental setup based on a CCD camera and a pulsed green laser. An example of monitoring the cortical spreading depression based on phosphorescence lifetime of Oxyphor R3 dye was presented. In second demonstration we present a high resolution two-photon pO2 imaging in cortical micro vasculature of a mouse. The experimental setup includes a custom built 2-photon microscope with femtosecond laser, electro-optic modulator, and photon-counting photo multiplier tube. We present an example of imaging the pO2 heterogeneity in the cortical microvasculature including capillaries, using a novel PtP-C343 dye with enhanced 2-photon excitation cross section. Click here to view the related article Synthesis and Calibration of Phosphorescent Nanoprobes for Oxygen Imaging in Biological Systems.
Formation of α-chiral centers by asymmetric β-C(sp 3 )–H arylation, alkenylation, and alkynylation (2017)

The enzymatic β-C-H hydroxylation of the feedstock chemical isobutyric acid has enabled the asymmetric synthesis of a wide variety of polyketides. The analogous transition metal-catalyzed enantioselective β-C-H functionalization of isobutyric acid-derived substrates should provide a versatile method for constructing useful building blocks with enantioenriched α-chiral centers from this abundant C-4 skeleton. However, the desymmetrization of ubiquitous isopropyl moieties by organometallic catalysts has remained an unanswered challenge. Herein, we report the design of chiral mono-protected aminomethyl oxazoline ligands that enable desymmetrization of isopropyl groups via palladium insertion into the C(sp<sup>3</sup>)-H bonds of one of the prochiral methyl groups. We detail the enantioselective β-arylation, -alkenylation, and -alkynylation of isobutyric acid/2-aminoisobutyric acid derivatives, which may serve as a platform for the construction of α-chiral centers.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Characterization of a New Class of Androgen Receptor Antagonists with Potential Therapeutic Application in Advanced Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 1976K, (A) Inhibition of in vitro polymerization of tubulin at 37 {degree sign}C by various concentrations of VPC-3033; turbidity was recorded at 360 nM.The steady-state tubulin assembly level in the absence of inhibitor was set at 100%. (B) IC50 values were determined by sigmoidal fitting of the plot of the steady state levels of tubulin assembly (taken after 45 min) aginst drug concentration and represent the concentration for 50% inhibition of the maximum tubulin polymerization level.&lt;/p&gt;
Exhaled nitric oxide is not reduced in infants with cystic fibrosis (2006)

Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (F(eNO)) has been reported to be reduced in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. However, data from young children are conflicting and it is not clear whether this is a primary feature of the disease or a secondary response. The present study compared F(eNO) between CF and healthy infants using a validated single-breath technique. A total of 23 healthy infants (11 females; mean age 40.1 weeks) and 18 infants with CF (nine females; 64.9 weeks) underwent tests of lung function and F(eNO). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was collected from all CF infants 2-5 days after lung function testing. There was no significant difference in F(eNO) between the CF and healthy infants (geometric mean: 23.1 parts per billion (ppb) and 17.0 ppb, respectively). There was an inverse relationship between age and F(eNO) in the CF patients, but not in the healthy group. Within the CF group, there was no association between F(eNO) and any marker of airway inflammation measured in the BAL. Exhaled nitric oxide is not reduced in cystic fibrosis infants, but does decrease with age. The current data indicate that F(eNO) is not a good marker of airway inflammation in cystic fibrosis.
Transmission of 107-Gb/s DQPSK over Verizon 504-km Commercial LambdaXtreme® Transport System (2008)

A 107-Gb/s field trial was conducted on a traffic carrying long-haul LambdaXtreme® transport platform over an active 504-km Verizon route in Florida thus proving upgradeability to 100 G of the Alcatel-Lucent 50-GHz spaced ULH DWDM system.
Code-adaptive transmission accounting for filtering effects in EON (2015)

Terabit/s Time-Frequency-Packing (TFP) superchannel transmission based on code-adaptation is demonstrated for elastic optical networks. Code is set to achieve error free transmission accounting for physical layer impairments including filtering effects. High spectral-efficient transmission (e.g., 6.6 b/s/Hz with low-order format polarization multiplexing quadrature phase shift keying —PM-QPSK) is achieved in an elastic optical network (EON) experimental testbed including fiber transmission and filters. Monitoring of the super-channel is also enabled to reveal possible signal degradations. In case, hitless code adaption is performed to re-act to the degradation without the need of any re-routing.
Impact of AlN interlayer on the transport properties of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on silicon (2008)

Abstract Hall and Shubnikov‐de Haas effects measurements were performed to identify the impact of inserting a 1nm AlN interlayer between AlGaN and GaN. The transport properties of this AlGaN/AlN/GaN structure were compared to the conventional structure (AlGaN/GaN). Our measurements indicate the AlN interlayer resulted in improved transport in the temperature range studied (300 K‐1.2 K). However, the impact of the AlN layer was found to be much more significant at low temperatures. The improvement is believed to be the result of reduced alloy scattering arising from a stronger confinement of the 2DEG. At 300 K the carrier density and mobility for the AlGaN/AlN/GaN structure were roughly 1.00 x 10 13 cm –2 and 1937 cm 2 /Vs. Whereas those of the conventional structure were 8.57 x 10 12 cm –2 and 1523 cm 2 /Vs. Shubnikov‐de Haas oscillations were observed in both samples at low T. This is an indication that a high quality 2DEG is present in each structure. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Organ‐level validation of a cross‐bridge cycling descriptor in a left ventricular finite element model: effects of ventricular loading on myocardial strains (2017)

Although detailed cell-based descriptors of cross-bridge cycling have been applied in finite element (FE) heart models to describe ventricular mechanics, these multiscale models have never been tested rigorously to determine if these descriptors, when scaled up to the organ-level, are able to reproduce well-established organ-level physiological behaviors. To address this void, we here validate a left ventricular (LV) FE model that is driven by a cell-based cross-bridge cycling descriptor against key organ-level heart physiology. The LV FE model was coupled to a closed-loop lumped parameter circulatory model to simulate different ventricular loading conditions (preload and afterload) and contractilities. We show that our model is able to reproduce a linear end-systolic pressure volume relationship, a curvilinear end-diastolic pressure volume relationship and a linear relationship between myocardial oxygen consumption and pressure<b>-</b>volume area. We also show that the validated model can predict realistic LV strain-time profiles in the longitudinal, circumferential, and radial directions. The predicted strain-time profiles display key features that are consistent with those measured in humans, such as having similar peak strains, time-to-peak-strain, and a rapid change in strain during atrial contraction at late-diastole. Our model shows that the myocardial strains are sensitive to not only LV contractility, but also to the LV loading conditions, especially to a change in afterload. This result suggests that caution must be exercised when associating changes in myocardial strain with changes in LV contractility. The methodically validated multiscale model will be used in future studies to understand human heart diseases.
Influence of Induction Heating Condition on Quenched Structure of JIS-SUJ2 Steel (2016)

When JIS-SUJ2 steel is hardened by induction heating, high temperature austenitizing is applied in order to achieve high productivity. In this case, SUJ2 is quenched from the single-phase austenite zone. As a result, the properties of SUJ2 may be different from the conventional furnace process involving SUJ2 quenched from the two-phase austenite / cementite zone. In this study, we experimentally investigated the relation between the amount of undissolved carbide, austenitizing temperature, and duration. Additionally, we developed a prediction formula for undissolved carbide in the single-phase austenite zone. The formula is consists of the Arrhenius equation and the Kolomogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami equation. Subsequently, the effect of austenitizing temperature and amount of undissolved carbide on hardness, retained austenite content, prior-austenite grain size, and martensite block size were investigated.
Practical Regioselective Bromination of Azaindoles and Diazaindoles (2007)

A mild and efficient synthesis of various 3-brominated azaindoles and diazaindoles was developed by regioselective halogenation of the parent systems. This practical and high-yielding transformation was achieved with copper(II) bromide in acetonitrile at room temperature.
Kinetics of the seeded semicontinuous emulsion copolymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate (2000)

The effect of a chain-transfer agent (CTA) on the kinetics and molecular weight distribution of the methyl methacrylate/butyl acrylate semicontinuous emulsion polymerization was investigated. The dodecanethiol had a slight effect on the reaction rate but significantly affected the secondary nucleation. The effect of the CTA concentration on the gel formation and the effect of the reaction conditions on the mass-transfer limitations of the CTA are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 367–375, 2000
VPR 5.0 (2009)

The VPR toolset [6, 7] has been widely used to perform FPGA architecture and CAD research, but has not evolved over the past decade to include many architectural features now present in modern FPGAs. This paper describes a new version of the toolset that includes four significant features: first, it now supports a broad range of single-driver routing architectures [29, 4, 16]. Single-driver routing has significantly different architectural and electrical properties from the multi-driver approach previously modelled, and is now employed in the majority of FPGAs sold. Second, the new release can now model a heterogeneous selection of hard logic blocks, which could include the hard memory and multipliers that are now ubiquitous in FPGAs. Third, we provide optimized electrical models of a wide range of architectures in different process technologies, including a range of area-delay tradeoffs for each single architecture. Prior releases of VPR did not publish even one architecture file with accurate resistance and capacitance parameters. Finally, to maintain robustness and to support future development the release includes a set of regression tests to check functionality and quality of result of the output of the tools.
Derivative free optimization method and physical simulations coupled with statistical models for transient engine calibration (2011)

International audience
Obesity Appears to Impact Male Fertility by Degrading Overall Semen Quality Rather than Individual Semen Parameters (2014)

Obesity has become a well-recognized medical issue. However its exact role in male infertility remains unclear. The objective of the current study was to determine if an increase inBMIis associated with an increase in semen parameter abnormalities and if this relationship was influenced by other patient activities. Charts were reviewed for one hundred and thirty-three male patients who had also undergone a complete initial office face to face interview, as part of an infertility evaluation and a semen analysis. As part of standard patient care, all patients answered a detailed questionnaire regarding demographics, exposures, medical and reproductive history as part of their infertility evaluation. Patients were grouped according toBMIas normal (20 - 24 kg/m2), overweight (25 - 30 kg/m2), or obese (>30 kg/m2). Semen analysis parameters analyzed included: morphology, volume, concentration, percent motility, and agglutination. While some parameters suggested trends, results were similar between the normal, overweight, and obeseBMI, for concentration (P= 0.18), volume (P = 0.845), motility (P = 0.06); % Positive agglutination: 12%, 7%, 7% (P = 0.668) and % normal morphology (P = 0.083). Unlike a number of previous studies, results indicate that there is no statistically significant association betweenBMIand any of the individual semen parameters tested. Raw data suggested a trend for decreasing concentration with increasingBMI. Further, data also suggested equal numbers of oligospermics in each group. However, when the data looked at globally rather than on the effects on individually parameters (total number of normal motile sperm cells—NMS), functional sperm cells decreased with increasing BMI. None of these factors appeared to be affected by other patient factors. Collectively these data suggest that obesity has a multifactorial effect on male fertility; possibly due to relationships with the hormone cascade, body composition and potentially testis temperature regulation. Further study will be needed to confirm such relationships.
Enantioselective Syntheses of α‐Amino Acids from 10‐(Aminosulfonyl)‐2‐bornyl Esters and Di(tert‐butyl) Azodicarboxylate. Preliminary Communication (1986)

Abstract Succesive treatment of chiral esters 1 with LiN(i‐Pr) 2 /Me 3 SiCl and di( tert ‐butyl) azodicarboxylate/TiCl 4 /Ti(i‐PrO) 4 gave N , N ′ ‐di[( tert ‐butoxy)carbonyl]hydrazino esters 9 which on deacylation, hydrogenolysis, transesterification, and acidic hydrolysis furnished (2 S )‐α‐amino acids 6 in high enantiomeric purity with efficient recovery of the auxiliary alcohol 7 .
Extracellular vesicles from mesenchymal stem cells reduce neuroinflammation in hippocampus and restore cognitive function in hyperammonemic rats (2023)

Chronic hyperammonemia, a main contributor to hepatic encephalopathy (HE), leads to neuroinflammation which alters neurotransmission leading to cognitive impairment. There are no specific treatments for the neurological alterations in HE. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reduce neuroinflammation in some pathological conditions. The aims were to assess if treatment of hyperammonemic rats with EVs from MSCs restores cognitive function and analyze the underlying mechanisms. EVs injected in vivo reach the hippocampus and restore performance of hyperammonemic rats in object location, object recognition, short-term memory in the Y-maze and reference memory in the radial maze. Hyperammonemic rats show reduced TGFβ levels and membrane expression of TGFβ receptors in hippocampus. This leads to microglia activation and reduced Smad7-IkB pathway, which induces NF-κB nuclear translocation in neurons, increasing IL-1β which alters AMPA and NMDA receptors membrane expression, leading to cognitive impairment. These effects are reversed by TGFβ in the EVs from MSCs, which activates TGFβ receptors, reducing microglia activation and NF-κB nuclear translocation in neurons by normalizing the Smad7-IkB pathway. This normalizes IL-1β, AMPA and NMDA receptors membrane expression and, therefore, cognitive function. EVs from MSCs may be useful to improve cognitive function in patients with hyperammonemia and minimal HE.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Deep Blue Hydrophobic Carbon Dots with Room Temperature Phosphorescence, White Light Emission, and Explosive Sensor (2021)

Abstract Bright luminescent hydrophobic carbon dots receive significant attention on account of their potential utility in bio‐imaging, sensors, and creating a full range of colors in displays. Herein, the solvothermal one‐pot synthesis of nitrogen and sulfur‐doped hydrophobic carbon dots (HCDs) from a single precursor, is reported. These HCDs exhibit good dispersibility in different organic solvents and show blue fluorescence in solid and solution states. Notably, HCDs show green color room temperature phosphorescence emission centered at 515 nm with a long average lifetime of 1.1 ms and an ultralong lifetime of 334 ms at 77 K. An intense white light with Commission international de d'Eclairage chromaticity coordinate of (0.32, 0.34) is generated by a simple mixing of HCDs with rhodamine 6G in the solution state. Furthermore, these HCDs are explored for the rapid detection of extremely hazardous and strong explosive picric acid in a non‐aqueous solution with a limit of detection of 3.2 µ m and good selectivity.