gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Low Pressure Loss Relief Valve for Gasoline Pump (2011)

Direct Injection engines have strongly penetrated the gasoline engine market for their benefits of reduction in fuel consumption. A high-pressure gasoline pump is one of the important components of a DI engine. A recent trend for the pump is to increase the operating pressure. On the other hand, there are certain limitations on maximum system pressure, which is the sum of the pressure loss of the relief valve and other margins. Under such circumstances, it is essential to reduce the pressure loss of the relief valve in order to minimize the system maximum pressure. We have investigated the cause of the pressure loss of the relief valve by making a 1D simulation model of a high-pressure gasoline supply system, and found that the clearance between the valve and seat causes the dominant pressure loss due to it’s smaller lift. We have proposed a new valve design that can achieve a larger lift. As a result, we have lowered the pressure loss of the relief valve.
Abstract C76: Oxazole-containing macrocyles as selective G-quadruplex stabilizers (2009)

Abstract Guanine-rich nucleic acid sequences are known to adopt G-quadruplex structures that are stabilized by the formation of guanine tetrads. Compounds that can stabilize G-quadruplex are known to exhibit cytotoxicity against tumor cells in culture and antitumor activity in mice with human tumor xenografts. Telomestatin, a naturally occurring macrocycle isolated from Streptomyces anulatus, is among the more specific G-quadruplex stabilizers, binding with high specificity to G-quadruplex DNA with no detectable binding to either duplex or single-stranded DNA. Telomestatin has been shown to induce apoptosis of tumor cells in culture and exhibit antitumor activity in mice. The discovery of telomestatin has prompted further studies of other macrocyclic polyoxazoles that can selectively stabilize G-quadruplex DNA and RNA. Recently the synthesis of the macrocyclic hexaoxazole HXDV was reported by our laboratory. HXDV is a 24-membered macrocycle that stabilizes G-quadruplexes. Despite its less complex structure, HXDV is extraordinarily selective at stabilizing G-quadruplex versus duplex DNA, and is at least as potent as telomestatin as a cytotoxic agent. It has been determined that HXDV binds to a 24mer model human telomeric G-quadruplex with a stoichiometry of 2:1 via a terminal capping mode of interaction. Surprisingly, HXDV was found to exhibit anti-proliferative activity against many tumor cells independently of their telomerase status and induces strong apoptosis within 16 hours of treatment. HXDV also inhibited the progression of the cell cycle, resulting in accumulation of cells at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, these studies revealed that cells were arrested at the M, rather than the G phase of the cell cycle. Unlike tubulin inhibitors, which also arrest cells at M phase, HXDV reduces the expression level of the key M phase regulator Aurora A kinase. In the aggregate, these data suggest that HXDV is a novel M phase blocker, with a possible mode of action distinct from tubulin inhibitors. Both telomestatin and HXDV have limited aqueous solubility. Replacement of one or both isopropyl groups of HXDV with an aminoalkyl side chain alters its phyiscochemical properties and enhances aqueous solubility. We also report herein the synthesis, biophysical evaluation of G-quadruplex stabilization and selectivity, and cytotoxicity data for more than twenty 24-membered macrocyclic polyoxazoles that have either one or two alkylamino side chains varying in length from 2–4 methylene units. One of these derivatives exhibits significant antitumor activity with IC50 values that range from 25 to 70 nM towards human tumor cells. As the citrate salt, the solubility of some of these alkylamino derivatives increased dramatically permitting in vivo studies to evaluation their toxicity and maximum tolerated dose in mice. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C76.
Bioresponsive Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Triggered Drug Release (2011)

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) have garnered a great deal of attention as potential carriers for therapeutic payloads. However, achieving triggered drug release from MSNPs in vivo has been challenging. Here, we describe the synthesis of stimulus-responsive polymer-coated MSNPs and the loading of therapeutics into both the core and shell domains. We characterize MSNP drug-eluting properties in vitro and demonstrate that the polymer-coated MSNPs release doxorubicin in response to proteases present at a tumor site in vivo, resulting in cellular apoptosis. These results demonstrate the utility of polymer-coated nanoparticles in specifically delivering an antitumor payload.
A Selectivity‐Driven Supramolecular Polymerization of an AB Monomer (2006)

Two become one: An AB-type monomer containing both 2-ureido-4[1H]-pyrimidinone and 2,7-diamido-1,8-naphthyridine quadruple hydrogen-bonding moieties is obtained by selective olefin cross metathesis. This monomer addresses the issue of stoichiometric imbalance in the self-assembly of AA+BB-type supramolecular polymers. Moreover, as the linker between both motifs is quite flexible, this monomer exists as a monocycle at low concentrations. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z504192_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A Compositional Approach to Safety-Critical Resilient Control for Systems with Coupled Dynamics (2022)

Complex, interconnected Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) are increasingly common in applications including smart grids and transportation. Ensuring safety of interconnected systems whose dynamics are coupled is challenging because the effects of faults and attacks in one sub-system can propagate to other sub-systems and lead to safety violations. In this paper, we study the problem of safety-critical control for CPS with coupled dynamics when some sub-systems are subject to failure or attack. We first propose resilient-safety indices (RSIs) for the faulty or compromised sub-systems that bound the worst-case impacts of faulty or compromised sub-systems on a set of specified safety constraints. By incorporating the RSIs, we provide a sufficient condition for the synthesis of control policies in each failure- and attack- free sub-systems. The synthesized control policies compensate for the impacts of the faulty or compromised sub-systems to guarantee safety. We formulate sum-of-square optimization programs to compute the RSIs and the safety-ensuring control policies. We present a case study that applies our proposed approach on the temperature regulation of three coupled rooms. The case study demonstrates that control policies obtained using our algorithm guarantee system’s safety constraints.
Deducing Reaction Mechanism: A Guide for Students, Researchers, and Instructors (2016)

An introductory guide to deducing the mechanism of chemical reactions is presented. Following a typical workflow for probing reaction mechanism, the guide introduces a wide range of kinetic and mechanistic tools. In addition to serving as a broad introduction to mechanistic analysis for students and researchers, the guide has also been used by instructors to provide the organizational structure for an upper-level course on organic and inorganic reaction mechanism. After providing students with the tools of mechanistic study, student-led discussions of case studies and an independent proposal project provide preparation for understanding the mechanism of new reactions encountered in independent research.
A method for the direct measurement of solar cell shunt resistance (1984)

A method is described for the direct measurement of the shunt resistance of a solar cell, in which a prior knowledge of the value of the other lumped circuit parameters is not required. The shunt resistance is determined from measurements of open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current at very low illumination conditions under which a linear relationship exists such that <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V_{oc} = R_{sh} I_{sc}</tex> . The shunt resistances of three different commercial cells ranging between 65 and 1170 Ω were measured successfully. The constraints of the method are also discussed.
Identification of LOS and NLOS for wireless Transmission (2006)

Distinguishing the transmission status of the communication as line-of-sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) is of great importance for the wireless communication systems. It is known that for LOS and NLOS, some statistical characteristics of the transmission differ from each other. If the distinction between LOS and NLOS can be made as quick and accurate as possible, ranging based applications and adaptive radio systems like cognitive radios can make use of this information to increase their performances significantly. In this study, a numerical and computationally low complex method for coherent receivers is proposed to discriminate the LOS/NLOS status of the transmission depending on the autocorrelation properties of individual paths. The proposed method is tested for both noise-free and noisy conditions with sum-of-sinusoids (SoS) and inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) based simulation models. It is observed that the proposed method gives good results even for relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) values
Oxygen-induced giant grain growth in Ag films (2017)

Thin film crystallites typically exhibit normal or abnormal growth with maximum grain size limited by energetic and geometric constraints. Although epitaxial methods have been used to produce large single crystal regions, they impose limitations that preclude some compelling applications. The generation of giant grain thin film materials has broad implications for fundamental property analysis and applications. This work details the production of giant grains in Ag films (2.5 μm-thick), ranging in size from ≈50 μm to 1 mm, on silicon nitride films upon silicon substrates. The presence of oxygen during film deposition plays a critical role in controlling grain size and orientation.
Towards Deep and Representation Learning for Talent Search at LinkedIn (2018)

Talent search and recommendation systems at LinkedIn strive to match the potential candidates to the hiring needs of a recruiter or a hiring manager expressed in terms of a search query or a job posting. Recent work in this domain has mainly focused on linear models, which do not take complex relationships between features into account, as well as ensemble tree models, which introduce non-linearity but are still insufficient for exploring all the potential feature interactions, and strictly separate feature generation from modeling. In this paper, we present the results of our application of deep and representation learning models on LinkedIn Recruiter. Our key contributions include: (i) Learning semantic representations of sparse entities within the talent search domain, such as recruiter ids, candidate ids, and skill entity ids, for which we utilize neural network models that take advantage of LinkedIn Economic Graph, and (ii) Deep models for learning recruiter engagement and candidate response in talent search applications. We also explore learning to rank approaches applied to deep models, and show the benefits for the talent search use case. Finally, we present offline and online evaluation results for LinkedIn talent search and recommendation systems, and discuss potential challenges along the path to a fully deep model architecture. The challenges and approaches discussed generalize to any multi-faceted search engine.
AAPM Task Group 241: A medical physicist’s guide to MRI‐guided focused ultrasound body systems (2021)

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a completely non-invasive technology that has been approved by FDA to treat several diseases. This report, prepared by the American Association of Physicist in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 241, provides background on MRgFUS technology with a focus on clinical body MRgFUS systems. The report addresses the issues of interest to the medical physics community, specific to the body MRgFUS system configuration, and provides recommendations on how to successfully implement and maintain a clinical MRgFUS program. The following sections describe the key features of typical MRgFUS systems and clinical workflow and provide key points and best practices for the medical physicist. Commonly used terms, metrics and physics are defined and sources of uncertainty that affect MRgFUS procedures are described. Finally, safety and quality assurance procedures are explained, the recommended role of the medical physicist in MRgFUS procedures is described, and regulatory requirements for planning clinical trials are detailed. Although this report is limited in scope to clinical body MRgFUS systems that are approved or currently undergoing clinical trials in the United States, much of the material presented is also applicable to systems designed for other applications.
Predictive Visual Analytics : Approaches for Movie Ratings and Discussion of Open Research Challenges (2014)

Abstract — We present two original approaches for visual-interactive prediction of user movie ratings and box office gross after the opening weekend, as designed and awarded during VAST Challenge 2013. Our approaches are driven by machine learning models and interactive data exploration, respectively. They consider an array of different training data types, including categorical/discrete data, time series data, and sentiment data from social media. The two approaches are only first steps towards visual-interactive prediction, but have shown to deliver improved prediction results as compared to baseline non-interactive prediction, and may serve as starting points for other predictive applications. Furthermore, an abstract workflow for predictive visual analytics is derived. We also discuss promising challenges for future research in visual-interactive predictive analysis, including design space, evaluation, and model visualization. Index Terms—Visual Analytics, Interactive Prediction, System Design, Evaluation. 1
Using more realistic data models to evaluate sensor network data processing algorithms (2004)

Due to lack of experimental data and sophisticated models derived from such data, most data processing algorithms from the sensor network literature are evaluated with data generated from simple parametric models. Unfortunately, the type of data input used in the evaluation often significantly affects the algorithm performance. Our case studies of a few widely-studied sensor network data processing algorithms demonstrated the need to evaluate algorithms with data across a range of parameters. In conclusion, we propose our synthetic data generation framework.
Assessing Risk Among Correctional Community Probation Populations: Predicting Reoffense With Mobile Neurocognitive Assessment Software (2020)

We seek to address current limitations of forensic risk assessments by introducing the first mobile, self-scoring, risk assessment software that relies on neurocognitive testing to predict reoffense. This assessment, run entirely on a tablet, measures decision-making via a suite of neurocognitive tests in less than 30 minutes. The software measures several cognitive and decision-making traits of the user, including impulsivity, empathy, aggression, and several other traits linked to reoffending. Our analysis measured whether this assessment successfully predicted recidivism by testing probationers in a large urban city (Houston, TX, United States) from 2017 to 2019. To determine predictive validity, we used machine learning to yield cross-validated receiver-operator characteristics. Results gave a recidivism prediction value of 0.70, making it comparable to commonly used risk assessments. This novel approach diverges from traditional self-reporting, interview-based, and criminal-records-based approaches, and can also add a protective layer against bias, while strengthening model accuracy in predicting reoffense. In addition, subjectivity is eliminated and time-consuming administrative efforts are reduced. With continued data collection, this approach opens the possibility of identifying different levels of recidivism risk, by crime type, for any age, or gender, and seeks to steer individuals appropriately toward rehabilitative programs. Suggestions for future research directions are provided.
Variational model of soliton interaction in two-mode fibers (1990)

All-optical switching in a nonlinear directional coupler and the evolution of the state of polarization in a nonlinear biréfringent fiber represent two important practical problems of propagation in a two-mode, nonlinear dispersive system. Both cases are described by a nonintegrable system of coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations. On the basis of numerical simulations, 1 it has already been shown that solitons present important advantages over differently shaped pulses. To improve our physical insight into the dynamics resulting from the complex interplay between nonlinearity (self- and cross-phase modulation), dispersion, and linear coupling, we have developed an approximate all-analytical model of soliton interaction. An extension of a variational method 2 has been used, and the results can be recast in a suggestive potential-well picture. Besides improved estimates of optical switching powers, a symmetry-breaking instability can easily be anticipated. A detailed comparison with numerical simulations, showing a good overall agreement between exact and approximate results, will be presented.
Update on Mitral Repair in Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2004)

Heart failure is one of the leading causes of hospitalization worldwide. Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a known complication of end-stage cardiomyopathy and is associated with a poor prognosis due to progressive mitral annular dilation. A vicious cycle of continuing volume overload, ventricular dilation, progression of annular dilation, increased LV wall tension, and worsening of MR and CHF occur. Commonly, these patients were managed medically with diuretics and afterload reduction, and frequently with mitral valve replacement, both of which have poor long term survival in patients with CHF and MR. Over a 10-year period we prospectively studied over 200 patients with cardiomyopathy and severe MR who underwent mitral valve repair utilizing an undersizing overcorrecting annuloplasty ring. The mortality was low with one intraoperative death and eight 30-day mortalities. There were 26 late deaths; 2 of these patients had progression of heart failure and underwent transplantation. The 1-, 2-, and 5-year actuarial survivals have been 82%, 71%, and 52%, respectively. The NYHA class has improved for all patients from a preoperative mean of 3.2 +/- 0.2 to 1.8 +/- 0.4 postoperatively. All patients demonstrated improvement in ejection fraction, cardiac output, and end diastolic volumes with a reduction in sphericity index and regurgitant volume at 2 years post operation. All of the observed changes contribute to reverse remodeling and restoration of the normal left ventricular geometry. Mitral valve repair is a safe and effective operative intervention that corrects MR and offers a new strategy for patients with MR and end-stage cardiomyopathy.
Drug distribution imaging of rabbit whole-eye section by MALDI mass spectrometry v1 (2018)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization–imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS) evaluates drug distribution in biological samples. However, there have been few investigations of drug distribution in ocular tissues, including whole-eye segments. In the present study, we explored the spatial distribution of atropine in a whole-eye segment using MALDI-IMS. Atropine is a reversible muscarinic receptor used to treat various diseases. However, its distribution in ocular tissues remains unknown. A 1% atropine solution was administered to a rabbit and after 30 min, its eye was enucleated, sectioned, and analyzed by MALDI-IMS. Atropine accumulated primarily in the tear menisci but was found at substantially lower concentrations in the tissue surrounding the conjunctival sacs. Relative differences in atropine levels between the anterior and posterior regions provided insights into the post-instillation behavior of atropine. Atropine signal intensities differed among corneal layers and between the superior and inferior eyeball regions. Differences in signal intensity among tissues indicated that the drug migrated to the posterior regions via a periocular scleral route. This information is useful for atropine delivery and indicates that MALDI-IMS is effective for revealing drug distribution in whole-eye sections.
A Microfluidic Device for Rapid Screening of E. coli O157:H7 Based on IFAST and ATP Bioluminescence Assay for Water Analysis (2017)

We present a simple microfluidic system for rapid screening of Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7 employing the specificity of immunomagnetic separation (IMS) via immiscible filtration assisted by surface tension (IFAST), and the sensitivity of the subsequent adenosine triphosphate (ATP) assay by the bioluminescence luciferin/luciferase reaction. The developed device was capable of detecting E. coli O157:H7 from just 6 colony forming units (CFU) in 1 mL spiked buffer within 20 min. When tested with wastewater discharged effluent samples, without pre-concentration, the device demonstrated the ability to detect 10<sup>4</sup> CFU per mL seeded; suggesting great potential for point-of-need microbiological water quality monitoring.
Quantitative transcript analysis of the inducible expression system pSIP: comparison of the overexpression of Lactobacillus spp. β-galactosidases in Lactobacillus plantarum (2011)

The use of identical expression strategies for highly similar genes led to very different mRNA levels. The data indicate that this difference is primarily caused by translational effects that are likely to affect both mRNA synthesis rates and mRNA stability. These translational effects thus seem to be a dominant determinant for the success of gene expression efforts in lactobacilli.
Textile antenna incorporated with high impedance surface for on-body performance enhancement (2014)

This article presents design of a new dual band textile antenna for WiFi application. Normally available felt fabric is utilized for the design. Operating frequencies of the antenna are 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz. Designed antenna is tested in free space and in the proximity of human body model. Because of coupling with human body, the antenna performance degrades, therefore dual band high impedance surface (HIS) has been employed for minimizing these degradations. The HIS array is composed of only 9 (3×3) elements and reduces the radiations toward body and hence minimizes specific absorption rate (SAR) by 94–97 % at the operating frequencies. The integrated design is able to show improvements in return loss, gain and directivity while maintaining good impedance match with adequate bandwidth at the operating frequencies. CST Microwave Studio has been used for all the simulations and designs.