gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatial deficits in ideomotor limb apraxia (1999)

Ideomotor limb apraxia is a classic neurological disorder manifesting as a breakdown in co-ordinated limb control with spatiotemporal deficits. We employed kinematic analyses of simple aiming movements in left hemisphere-damaged patients with and without limb apraxia and a normal control group to examine preprogramming and response implementation deficits in apraxia. Damage to the frontal and parietal lobes was more common in apraxics, but neither frontal nor parietal damage was associated with different arm movement deficits. Limb apraxia was associated with intact preprogramming but impaired response implementation. The response implementation deficits were characterized by spatial but not temporal deficits, consistent with decoupling of spatial and temporal features of movement in limb apraxia. While the apraxics' accuracy was normal when visual feedback was available, it was impaired when visual feedback of either target location or hand position was unavailable. This finding suggests that ideomotor limb apraxia is associated with disruption of the neural representations for the extrapersonal (spatial location) and intrapersonal (hand position) features of movement. The non-apraxic group's normal kinematic performance demonstrates that the deficits demonstrated in the apraxic group are not simply a reflection of left hemisphere damage per se.
On-Chip Integrated Antenna Structures in CMOS for 60 GHz WPAN Systems (2009)

We present several on-chip antenna structures that may be fabricated with standard CMOS technology for use at millimeter wave frequencies. On-chip antennas for wireless personal area networks (WPANs) promise to reduce interconnection losses and greatly reduce wireless transceiver costs, while providing unprecedented flexibility for device manufacturers. We present the current state of research in on-chip integrated antennas, highlight several pitfalls and challenges for on-chip design, modeling, and measurement, and propose several antenna structures that derive from the microwave and HF communication fields. We also describe an experimental test apparatus for performing measurements on RFIC systems with on-chip antennas at The University of Texas at Austin.
Nitric Oxide Modulates HIV-1 Replication (1999)

Although nitric oxide (NO) production is increased in HIV-1-infected patients, and NO is known to inhibit the replication of several viruses, very little is known about the effects of NO on HIV-1 replication. In the present studies, we find that S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs), a class of NO donor compounds present in the human circulatory system, inhibit HIV-1 replication in acutely infected human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and have an additive inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication in combination with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidylate (AZT). RSNOs inhibit HIV-1 replication in acutely infected PBMCs at a step in the viral replicative cycle after reverse transcription, but before or during viral protein expression through a cGMP-independent mechanism. In the latently infected U1 cell line, NO donor compounds and intracellular NO production stimulate HIV-1 reactivation. These studies suggest that NO both inhibits HIV-1 replication in acutely infected cells and stimulates HIV-1 reactivation in chronically infected cells. Thus, NO may have a physiologic role in HIV-1 replication, and NO donor compounds, which have been used for decades in the treatment of coronary artery disease with limited toxicity, might be useful in the treatment of HIV-1 disease by inhibiting acute infection, reactivating latent virus, or both.
Optical, Scintillation and Dosimeter Properties of Ce-Doped and Eu-Doped LiCaAlF6 Crystals (2016)

Scintillators are one of the luminescent materials which have a function to convert the ionizing radiation to UV-NIR photons. Among such applications, scintillators for thermal neutron detectors have attracted much attentions in recent years since the lack of 3 He gas causes some serious problems in this field. To develop the alternative to 3 He gas, many groups are developing new scintillators containing 6 Li or 10 B since these elements have a high cross section against thermal neutrons. For this purpose, we have developed Ce- [1] and Eu-doped [2] LiCaAlF 6 crystals. In addition to scintillators, dosimeter materials are also important, and these materials are used in the individual and environmental dose monitors. In dosimeters, optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), and radiophotoluminescence (RPL) have played an important role. In dosimeter materials, human tissue equivalency is one of the most important properties, and LiCaAlF 6 crystals are interesting because the effective atomic number of this material is close to the human tissue. If the dosimeter materials have the same effective atomic number with the tissue, ideally no mathematical corrections are required to calibrate the dose. Furthermore, the complementary relation of scintillators and dosimeter materials was found by us [3, 4] so the investigation of these properties on the same material is important to develop high performance materials for ionizing radiation detectors and to understand the energy migration process from the host matrix to emission centers. In this work, we have grown Ce and Eu differently doped LiCaAlF 6 crystals to investigate optical, scintillation, OSL and TSL properties. In transmittance, absorption was proportional to dopant concentrations and typical optical quantum yield of Ce and Eu-doped LiCaAlF 6 were 40 and 100%, respectively. Scintillation wavelength and decay time profiles were investigated under X-ray irradiation. Ce 3+ and Eu 2+ 5d-4f luminescence appeared around 300 nm and 370 nm with typical decay time of 40 ns and 1.5 ms, respectively. OSL of Ce-doped ones appeared under 405 nm stimulation and that of Eu-doped ones was observed under 470 nm stimulation. TSL of Ce- and Eu-doped LiCaAlF 6 were enough strong and they exhibited good response function from 1 to 1000 mGy exposure. In Eu-doped LiCaAlF 6 , the clear relation between the scintillation and dosimeter properties were observe while it was not observed in Ce-doped ones. [1] T. Yanagida, et al., Opt. Mater. 32 311 (2009). [2] T. Yanagida, et al., Opt. Mater., 33 1243 (2011). [3] T. Yanagida, et al., Rad. Meas., 71 162 (2014). [4] T. Yanagida, J. Lumin., 169 544 (2016).
Rapid cine MRI of the human heart using reconstruction by estimation of lines and inhibition of fold‐in (2002)

A fast imaging method is described that yields an approximately six-fold acquisition time reduction relative to conventional techniques. The method involves: 1) acquisition of every sixth k-space line; 2) shifting of acquired k-space lines between odd and even frames; and 3) a single-frame correction image. Reconstruction is achieved by temporal interpolation for k-space lines not acquired combined with subtraction of stationary fold-in artifacts. Seven patients with heart disease and one volunteer were evaluated. SNR was measured in myocardium and the ventricular cavity for both the conventional and new technique. The method is best suited for fast imaging of moving objects confined to a small region within a larger stationary object, such as the heart within the thoracic cavity. It can be implemented in cine and functional imaging sequences and, in principle, in perfusion sequences.
Weighted prediction in the H.264/MPEG AVC video coding standard (2004)

H.264/MPEG AVC is the first international video coding standard to include a weighted prediction (WP) tool, which is particularly useful for coding fades. In the H.264 WP tool, which is included in its main and extended profiles, a multiplicative weighting factor and an additive offset are applied to the motion compensated prediction. In explicit mode, a weighting factor and offset may be coded in the slice header for each allowable reference picture index. In implicit mode, the weighting factors are not coded but are derived based on the relative picture order count (POC) distances of the two reference pictures. In this paper, H.264's standardization of the WP tool is described, and a non-normative method for calculating weighting factors is proposed. Experimental results are provided which measures the coding efficiency improvement using WP. When coding fade-to-black sequences, bitrate reductions of up to 67% were achieved.
Synthesis of Layered Perovskites Ban+1SnnO3n+1 by Coprecipitation Method and Their Thermoelectric Properties (2004)

A series of layered perovskites Ban+1SnnO3n+1 with n=integer was selected as a model oxide to elucidate correlation between the dimensionality of electrical conduction and the thermoelectric power factor. La-doped sintered bodies of Ba2-xLaxSnO4 (n=1), Ba3-xLaxSn2O7 (n=2), and Ba1-xLaxSnO3 (n=∝) were prepared by oxalate coprecipitation method and their electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient were measured at high temperatures. For the layered perovskites with n=1 and n=2, single phases of Ba2-xLaxSnO4 and Ba3-xLaxSn2O7 with x=0.0-0.2 were obtained, in which the La atoms were doped into the rock-salt-type Ba site, but the conductivities were in insulating region, suggesting the localization of doped electrons. The doped perovskite Ba0.95La0.05SnO3 with n=∝ showed n-type degenerate semiconducting behavior and the thermoelectric power factors were in the order of 10-7 Wm-1 K-2, which should be increased by the improvement of sinterability.
Arbitrary waveforms using a tri-state transmit pulser (2013)

Conventional hardware for arbitrary waveform formation uses Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) and linear amplifiers. Proposed here are methods for encoding a tri-state pulser to approximate arbitrary waveforms. Algorithms are evaluated by simulation and experiment using the Verasonics, Inc. Vantage research ultrasound system, which transmits with 4 ns edge resolution. Two problems were considered: 1) matching the waveform produced by an ideal DAC given a particular transducer, and 2) compensating for the impulse response of a given transducer to reproduce a signal. The problems require the transducer impulse response in one-way and two-way propagation geometries, estimated here in water using a hydrophone and the ATL L7-4 transducer. Within measured nonlinear propagation effects, error in these four scenarios for an LFM waveform was consistent with simulated performance. In another test, a Gaussian pulse is encoded for transducer compensation, and compared to equivalent-bandwidth monopulse excitation in planewave imaging on a phantom. Here, a pin-trailing pedestal artifact is reduced by 3 dB over a span equal to the peak resolution (FWHM).
Screening of homologous recombination gene polymorphisms in lung cancer patients reveals an association of the NBS1-185Gln variant and p53 gene mutations. (2003)

Carcinogens present in tobacco smoke lead to several types of DNA damage in bronchial cells. In lung cancer, karyotype, allelotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses have demonstrated the common presence of aneuploidy, although its severity varies considerably among tumors. Deficiencies in the DNA-double strand break (DSB) repair system may be critical in the generation and persistence of chromosomal gains or losses during lung tumorigenesis. Therefore, we examined whether specific DSB repair gene polymorphisms were associated with an increase in tobacco-induced DNA damage, including gene mutations (p53 and KRAS) and chromosomal alterations. Nonsynonymous polymorphisms with a frequency higher that 0.1 at the XRCC3, NBS1, and BRCA2 genes were selected for the study. A PCR-RFLP analysis was performed to identify the Met241Thr, Glu185Gln, and Asn372His polymorphisms in the XRCC3, NBS1, and BRCA2 genes, respectively, in 109 lung cancer patients. Interestingly, the prevalence of p53 mutations was significantly greater among individual homozygous for the NBS1-185Gln allele (8 of 8, 100%) than among individuals for the wild-type allele (24 of 52, 46%). This increase in p53 mutation frequency was largely attributable to an increased prevalence of G-->T or C-->A transversions among these patients (P < 0.001). In addition, the association between this type of mutation and the NBS1-185Gln allele remained statistically significant after adjusting for age, smoking, and histological cell-type (odds ratio = 3.42 for heterozygous and odds ratio = 38.3 for NBS1-185Gln homozygous). Germ-line variants in the NBS1 gene may play a role in the lung carcinogenesis in cigarette smokers.
Distributed approximation of Pareto surfaces in multicriteria radiation therapy treatment planning (2013)

We consider multicriteria radiation therapy treatment planning by navigation over the Pareto surface, implemented by interpolation between discrete treatment plans. Current state of the art for calculation of a discrete representation of the Pareto surface is to sandwich this set between inner and outer approximations that are updated one point at a time. In this paper, we generalize this sequential method to an algorithm that permits parallelization. The principle of the generalization is to apply the sequential method to an approximation of an inexpensive model of the Pareto surface. The information gathered from the model is sub-sequently used for the calculation of points from the exact Pareto surface, which are processed in parallel. The model is constructed according to the current inner and outer approximations, and given a shape that is difficult to approximate, in order to avoid that parts of the Pareto surface are incorrectly disregarded. Approximations of comparable quality to those generated by the sequential method are demonstrated when the degree of parallelization is up to twice the number of dimensions of the objective space. For practical applications, the number of dimensions is typically at least five, so that a speed-up of one order of magnitude is obtained.
Sporicidal activity of two disinfectants against Clostridium difficile spores (2008)

The sporicidal activity of an odour-free peracetic acid-based disinfectant (Wofasteril) and a widely-used dichloroisocyanurate preparation (Chlor-clean) was assessed against spores of the hyper-virulent strain of Clostridium difficile (ribotype 027), in the presence and absence of organic matter. In environmentally clean conditions, dichloroisocyanurate achieved a >3 log10 reduction in 3 minutes, but a minimum contact time of 9 minutes was required to reduce the viable spore load to below detection levels. Peracetic acid achieved a >3 log10 reduction in 30 minutes and was overall significantly less effective (P<0.05). However, in the presence of organic matter - which reflects the true clinical environment - there was no significant difference between the sporicidal activity of dichloroisocyanurate and peracetic acid over a 60-minute period (P=0.188). Given the greater occupational health hazards generally associated with chlorine-releasing agents, odour-free peracetic acid-based disinfectants may offer a suitable alternative for environmental disinfection.
Supplemental Figure S1 from Histone Deacetylase HDAC8 Promotes Insulin Resistance and β-Catenin Activation in NAFLD-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Up-regulation of HDAC8 in murine NAFLD-associated HCC models.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Figure 2 from Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Stress Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer to Proteasome Inhibitor–Induced Apoptosis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Ubiquitin-Proteasome System Stress Sensitizes Ovarian Cancer to Proteasome Inhibitor–Induced Apoptosis
In line Yb fiber master oscillator power amplifier generating stretched 20 /spl mu/J pulses with up to 140 kW peak power (2003)

The generation of stretched 20 /spl mu/J pulses with 140 kW peak and 4 W average power is demonstrated in an in-line Yb fiber master oscillator power amplifier at a repetition rate of 200 kHz. The pulses are compressible down to 320 fs.
Fungal-assisted algal flocculation: application in wastewater treatment and biofuel production (2015)

Fungal-assisted microalgal flocculation shows significant potential for solving the major challenges facing the commercialization of microalgal biotechnology, namely (i) the efficient and cost-effective harvesting of freshwater and seawater algal strains; (ii) enhancement of total oil production and optimization of its composition; (iii) nutrient supply through recovering of the primary nutrients, nitrogen and phosphates and microelements from wastewater. The biomass generated was thermochemically converted into biogas, bio-solids and a range of liquid petrochemicals including straight-chain C12 to C21 alkanes which can be directly used as a glycerine-free component of biodiesel. Pyrolysis represents an efficient alternative strategy for biofuel production from species with tough cell walls such as fungi and fungal-algal pellets.
Reactions at surfaces.Plasma Reactivity and Nanoparticles.Insights using Molecular Dynamics simulations (2021)

Cours donné à la Wëstfälische Hochschule Recklinhausen (Allemagne) en 2021 et planifié pour 2022. Module Surface Chemistry (Prof. Dr. Franziska Träger)Et au Master PhyFA de l'Université d'Orléans en 2018 - 2020.
Plasmonic response of complex nanoparticle assemblies (2023)

Optical properties of nanoparticle assemblies reflect the distinctive characteristics of their building blocks and their spatial organization, giving rise to emergent phenomena. Integrated experimental and computational studies have established design principles connecting structure to properties for assembled clusters and superlattices. However, conventional electromagnetic simulations are too computationally expensive to treat more complex assemblies. Here we establish a fast, materials agnostic method to simulate the optical response of large nanoparticle assemblies incorporating both structural and compositional complexity. This many-bodied, mutual polarization method resolves limitations of established approaches, achieving rapid, accurate convergence for configurations including thousands of nanoparticles, some overlapping. We demonstrate these capabilities by reproducing experimental trends and uncovering far- and near-field mechanisms governing the optical response of plasmonic semiconductor nanocrystal assemblies, including structurally complex gel networks and compositionally complex mixed binary superlattices. This broadly applicable framework will facilitate design of complex, hierarchically structured, and dynamic assemblies for desired optical characteristics.
Planar semipolar (101¯1) GaN on (112¯3) sapphire (2010)

We report on the growth of planar semipolar (101¯1) GaN on (112¯3) prepatterned sapphire. This is a method that allows the growth of semipolar oriented (101¯1) GaN on large scale. Using x-ray diffraction only the peaks of the desired (101¯1) plane could be observed. Scanning electron, transmission electron, and atomic force microscopy measurements show an atomically flat surface. Further investigations using photoluminescence spectroscopy show spectra that are dominated by the near band edge emission. The high crystal quality is furthermore confirmed by the small full width at half maximum values of x-ray rocking curve measurements of less than 400 arcsec.
Rail‐to‐rail complementary input StrongARM comparator for low‐power applications (2020)

This study proposes a new scheme for rail‐to‐rail input StrongARM latch comparator. Additional differential input p‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (PMOS) and cross‐coupled n‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (NMOS) transistors have been introduced to achieve the rail‐to‐rail input range. The proposed scheme offers low‐energy consumption of 15.2 fJ and a high speed of 3 GHz, which makes it attractive for energy harvested Internet of Thing applications. The proposed architecture is fabricated in 65 nm complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) technology and the functionality is verified using post‐layout simulations and chip measurements.
Titanium oxide electron-selective layers for contact passivation of thin-film crystalline silicon solar cells (2016)

In crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells, carrier selective contacts are among the remaining issues to be addressed in order to reach the theoretical efficiency limit. Especially in ultra-thin-film c-Si solar cells with small volumes and higher carrier concentrations, contact recombination is more critical to the overall performance. In this paper, the advantages of using TiO<sub>X</sub> as electron-selective layers for contact passivation in c-Si solar cells are analyzed. We characterize the metal/TiO<sub>X</sub>/n-Si electron-selective contact with the contact recombination factor J<sub>0c</sub> and the contact resistivity &rho;c for the first time. Experimental results show that both J<sub>0c</sub> and &rho;c decrease after the insertion of TiO<sub>X</sub>. In addition, the effect of post-deposition rapid-thermal-annealing (RTA) at different temperatures is also evaluated. The best J<sub>0c</sub> of 5.5 pA/cm<sup>2</sup> and the lowest &rho;c of 13.6 m&Omega;·cm<sup>2</sup> are achieved after the RTA process. This work reveals the potential of TiO<sub>X</sub> as an electron-selective layer for contact passivation to enable high-efficiency ultra-thin c-Si solar cells with a low cost.
Toward waste valorization by converting bioethanol production residues into nanoparticles and nanocomposite films (2021)

A “waste-valorization” approach was developed to transform recalcitrant hydrolysis lignin (HL) from second-generation bioethanol production into multifunctional bio-based products. The hydrolysis lignin (HL) was extracted with aqueous acetone, yielding two fractions enriched in lignin and cellulose, respectively. The soluble hydrolysis lignin (SHL) was converted into anionic and cationic colloidal lignin particles (CLPs and c-CLPs). The insoluble cellulose-rich fraction was transformed into lignocellulosic nanofibrils that were further combined with CLPs or c-CLPs to obtain nanocomposite films with tailored mechanical properties, oxygen permeability and antioxidant properties. To enable prospective applications of lignin in nanocomposite films and beyond, CLPs and c-CLPs were also produced from a soda lignin (SL) and the influence of the lignin type on the particle size and ecotoxicity was evaluated. Finally, the carbon footprint of the entire process from hydrolysis lignin to films was assessed and an integration to industrial scale was considered to reduce the energy consumption. While most previous work utilizes purified lignin and pristine and often purified cellulose fibers to produce nanomaterials, this work provides a proof of concept for utilizing the recalcitrant lignin-rich side stream of the bioethanol process as raw material for functional nanomaterials and renewable composites.