gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Procurement Auctions with Increasing Returns (2017)

For procuring from sellers with decreasing returns, there are known efficient dynamic auction formats. In this paper, we design an efficient dynamic procurement auction for the case where goods are homogeneous and bidders have increasing returns. Our motivating example is the procurement of vaccines, which often exhibit large fixed costs and small constant marginal costs. The auctioneer names a price and bidders report the interval of quantities that they are willing to sell at that price. The process repeats with successively lower prices, until the efficient outcome is discovered. We demonstrate an equilibrium that is efficient and generates VCG prices. (JEL D24, D44, F53, H57, I11, L14, L65)
Fading in reflective and heavily shadowed industrial environments with large arrays (2022)

One of the use cases for 5G systems and beyond is ultra-reliability low-latency communication (URLLC). An enabling technology for URLLC is massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), which can increase reliability due to improved user separation, array gain and the channel hardening effect. Measurements have been performed in an operating factory environment at 3.7 GHz with a co-located massive MIMO array and a unique randomly distributed array. Channel hardening can appear when the number of antennas is increased such that the variations of channel gain (small-scale fading) is decreased and it is here quantified. The cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the channel gains then becomes steeper and its tail is reduced. This CDF is modeled and the required fading margins are quantified. By deploying a distributed array, the large-scale power variations can also be reduced, further improving reliability. The large array in this rich scattering environment, creates a more reliable channel as it approaches an independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) complex Gaussian channel, indicating that one can rethink the system design in terms of e.g. channel coding and re-transmission strategies, in order to reduce latency. To conclude, massive MIMO is a highly interesting technology for reliable connectivity in reflective and heavily shadowed industrial environments.
Analysis of Mutual Coupling for the Simulation of Reflectarray Radiating Cells (2006)

International audience
An Evaluation of State Sharing Techniques in Distributed Operating Systems (1993)

A shared memory abstraction in distributed systems (DSM) provides&#13;\nease of programming but could be costly to implement. Many protocols &#13;\nhave been proposed recently that are based on different approaches &#13;\nfor exploiting program semantics. We have implemented four different &#13;\nprotocols that embody the different memory semantics and have evaluated &#13;\nthem using applications that capture a wide range of state sharing &#13;\npatterns. Our main goal is to quantify the relative performance of these &#13;\nprotocols with respect to representative applications. We expect the &#13;\nresults of such a study to be useful for an operating system designer to &#13;\nchoose the right protocol to support the DSM abstraction. One of the &#13;\nsurprising results is that memory systems that provide weaker consistency &#13;\nor use synchronization information in coherence maintenance (e.g. release &#13;\nconsistency) do not provide significantly better performance than the basic&#13;\ninvalidation based protocol.&#13;\n&#13;\nThe disparity between the performance using these protocols and programmer &#13;\ncontrolled state sharing can range from being insignificant to as high as &#13;\n50% depending on application characteristics. The use of synchronization &#13;\ninformation in conjunction with user directives will bridge this performance &#13;\ngap but may decrease the programming ease of DSM.
Local spring effect in titanium-based layered oxides (2020)

The local spring effect in titanium-based layered oxides can release stress well during the cycling process and enhance the battery cycle performance.
Circulating B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells display impaired migration to lymph nodes due to reduced LFA-1 expression (2008)

Abstract Homing to secondary lymphoid organs and re-entry to bone marrow (BM) are central aspects of leukemic pathophysiology. We investigated the roles of the two major lymphocyte integrins LFA-1 and VLA-4 on B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells in these processes. We found that CLL cells expressed significantly reduced LFA-1 due to low beta2 integrin transcripts and displayed diminished adhesiveness to ICAM-1-expressing endothelium in vitro. VLA-4 expression was heterogenous but underwent rapid activation by the BM chemokine CXCL12. Nevertheless, CLL cells failed to transmigrate across VCAM-1, ICAM-1 and CXCL12 expressing endothelium due to their deficient LFA-1 expression. Furthermore, when injected into tail veins of immunodeficient mice, normal B cells rapidly homed to lymph nodes (LNs) in a LFA-1 dependent manner whereas CLL cells did not. CLL alike normal B lymphocytes used VLA-4 rather than LFA-1 to reenter the BM. In contrast, both normal and CLL B cells homed to mice spleen in an LFA-1- and VLA-4-independent manner. Our results suggest that CLL cells are deficient in LFA-1-dependent trafficking to LNs but residual subsets can still re-enter the BM. Integrin blocking could be therefore an efficient strategy to prevent circulating CLL cells from reaching prosurvival niches in LNs and BM and directing these cells to the spleen.
Sol-gel-derived bioactive glasses demonstrate antimicrobial effects on common oral bacteria. (2015)

At 4 hours, all BAG produced an order of magnitude reduction in all three bacteria. After 24 hours, all BAG produced a significant reduction in S. sobrinus colonies, but no further reduction in S. mutans; all BAG, except BAG 61-F, significantly reduced E. faecalis compared to the control. At 4 hours, an increase in the pH of the BAG groups (to pH 9) could also have contributed to the bactericidal effect. In further experiments it was found that the viability of S. sobrinus was significantly reduced following exposure to an extract of BAG in media adjusted to a pH of 7.4. Additionally media with pH adjusted to 9 exerted a significant antibacterial effect against S. sobrinus after 4 hours. To determine the influence of the calcium ions released from the BAG in the absence of the pH effect, a typical dose response was demonstrated after 4 hours of exposure of S. sobrinus to media containing various levels of calcium. The results of this study clearly suggest that the effect of BAG extract on bacteria is not only related to a pH effect, but is also linked to an effect of liberated ions, such as calcium, extracted from the surface of the bioactive glasses.
Potassium 1,3,4,6-tetranitro-2,5-diazapentalene (2003)

The structure of the potassium salt of the dianion of 1,3,4,6-tetra­nitro-2,5-di­aza­pentalene is reported, viz. 2 K+·C6N6O82−. Only three atoms of the central 2,5-di­aza­pentalene skeleton are unique, as the anion possesses 2/m symmetry. The potassium cation is nine-coordinate, forming K—O and K—N bonds to five different 1,3,4,6-tetra­nitro-2,5-di­aza­pentalene anions.
Multiple Key Operational Achievements Yield Major Economic Impact as a Result of Successfully Controlling Fluid Losses in Troublesome Zones of Jurassic to Permian Age in Offshore United Arab Emirates (2017)

Abstract Two optimized polymer/borate/salt (PBS) fluid loss systems were recently implemented in two different ADNOC Sole Risk (ASR) wells while drilling different troublesome formations in the Arabian Gulf which are prone to losses. The first well (Well A) was drilled through the fractured Upper Khuff Formation, and the second well (Well B) through porous Arabs and fractured Diyab/Jubaila groups. The application of the PBS systems enabled the rigs to regain circulation and successfully drill to the total planned depth with less non-productive time attributed to curing losses. The wells involved several different key objectives; however, zonal isolation and logging were critical to both. In addition, the ability to control losses, even at an acceptable rate for one of the wells, allowed the team to proceed with the critical logging program. If not mitigated, losses could have resulted in a well-control situation. Controlling the losses on Well A allowed the first unimpeded logging suite, including high quality imaging, pressure sampling and avoidance of a liner run. After logging the section, drilling was resumed to the planned section total depth, and the liner was run and cemented successfully. The application of the PBS system in Well B allowed multiple troublesome formations (Arabs/Diyab/Jubaila/Gulailah/Sudair) to be drilled as one interval and successful isolation of these zones. The losses were completely cured after applying this system in the correct zone. The total planned depth was attained and the casing landed and cemented. The solution for these loss-circulation challenges when drilling was the development of a faster, as well as flexible, setting and crosslinking PBS system that could effectively bridge and/or adhere to the formation rock. The optimization also included extending thermal stability of the set plug to maintain a workable loss rate at the anticipated elevated temperatures and simulations to ensure the system would agglomerate and adhere to the limestone/dolomite rocks. Pre-planning started nine months prior to drilling these wells. The predicted challenges ranged from managing losses to developing contingencies for total loss of circulation through the above-mentioned formations. Contingency systems were devised using a decision tree and rig instructions were prepared for every wellbore/scenario. The planning process included determination of a pumpable volume that would facilitate spotting this fluid loss system only once. This paper outlines the successes achieved in curing loss circulation in the 8⅜-inch section of Well A within the Khuff formation and the 12¼-inch section of Well B within the Diyab group formation. These were drilled in ASR Arabian Gulf region as shown in Fig. 1. Figure 1Location of the ASR wells in the Arabian Gulf.
The GTP/GDP Cycling of Rho GTPase TCL Is an Essential Regulator of the Early Endocytic Pathway (2003)

Rho GTPases are key regulators of actin dynamics. We report that the Rho GTPase TCL, which is closely related to Cdc42 and TC10, localizes to the plasma membrane and the early/sorting endosomes in HeLa cells, suggesting a role in the early endocytic pathway. Receptor-dependent internalization of transferrin (Tf) is unaffected by suppression of endogenous TCL by small interfering RNA treatment. However, Tf accumulates in Rab5-positive uncoated endocytic vesicles and fails to reach the early endosome antigen-1-positive early endosomal compartments and the pericentriolar recycling endosomes. Moreover, Tf release upon TCL knockdown is significantly slower. Conversely, in the presence of dominant active TCL, internalized Tf accumulates in early endosome antigen-1-positive early/sorting endosomes and not in perinuclear recycling endosomes. Tf recycles directly from the early/sorting endosomes and it is normally released by the cells. The same phenotype is generated by replacing the C terminus of dominant active Cdc42 and TC10 with that of TCL, indicating that all three proteins share downstream effector proteins. Thus, TCL is essential for clathrin-dependent endocytosed receptors to enter the early/sorting endosomes. Furthermore, the active GTPase favors direct recycling from early/sorting endosomes without accumulating in the perinuclear recycling endosomes.
Calf Resistivity Values in Chronic Kidney Disease in a Caucasian Population (2016)

We present the first determination of ρN,5 values in a Caucasian healthy as well as a non-dialysis dependent CKD population. Both groups differ significantly. Due to higher amounts of extracellular water, subclinical fluid overload already occurs in pre-dialysis stages of CKD. ρN,5 in Caucasians differs significantly from previously established normal ranges in other races/ethnicities. Population-based reference ranges should be established and used in the future to determine DW by means of cBIS.
Additional file 2 of Does conservation account for splicing patterns? (2016)

Upstream and downstream ISSs and ISEs. (CSV 1 kb)
High-Performance Solution-Processed InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistor Fabricated by Ozone-Assisted Atmospheric Pressure Mist Deposition (2014)

High-performance amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide thin-film transistors (IGZO TFTs) were demonstrated at 360 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C with the IGZO channel and aluminium oxide (AlOx) gate dielectric stack that was deposited by ozone (O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> )-assisted atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP-CVD) using an ultrasonic atomized solution mist. The AlOx gate dielectric with a breakdown electric field of over 8 MV/cm and dielectric constant of 7.0 was obtained. In addition, the introduction of O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> oxidant during the IGZO deposition decreases the carbon and hydrogen contamination in the film. Field effect mobility and the sub-threshold swing of the IGZO TFT with AP-deposited IGZO/AlOx stack were significantly improved to 7.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> / Vs and 0.38 V/dec, respectively, by the O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> oxidant introduced in the IGZO and AlOx depositions. The O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> oxidant is very effective in improving the electrical properties of solution-processed oxide TFTs.
Global Phosphorus Scarcity and Full-Scale P-Recovery Techniques: A Review (2014)

Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all life on earth. However, natural P resources (phosphate rock) are depleting. The authors describe the current situation and a forecast for future phosphate production and reserves. The current depletion of phosphate reserves and the increasingly stringent discharge regulations have led to the development of various P-recovery techniques from wastewater. Existing full-scale P-recovery techniques from the liquid phase, sludge phase, and sludge ash are reviewed. Although the full-scale P-recovery techniques have been shown to be technologically feasible, the economical feasibility, legislation and national policies are the major reasons why these techniques are not yet operational worldwide.
Determining consequences of retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase (RetGC1) deficiency in human Leber congenital amaurosis en route to therapy: residual cone-photoreceptor vision correlates with biochemical properties of the mutants (2012)

The GUCY2D gene encodes retinal membrane guanylyl cyclase (RetGC1), a key component of the phototransduction machinery in photoreceptors. Mutations in GUCY2D cause Leber congenital amaurosis type 1 (LCA1), an autosomal recessive human retinal blinding disease. The effects of RetGC1 deficiency on human rod and cone photoreceptor structure and function are currently unknown. To move LCA1 closer to clinical trials, we characterized a cohort of patients (ages 6 months-37 years) with GUCY2D mutations. In vivo analyses of retinal architecture indicated intact rod photoreceptors in all patients but abnormalities in foveal cones. By functional phenotype, there were patients with and those without detectable cone vision. Rod vision could be retained and did not correlate with the extent of cone vision or age. In patients without cone vision, rod vision functioned unsaturated under bright ambient illumination. In vitro analyses of the mutant alleles showed that in addition to the major truncation of the essential catalytic domain in RetGC1, some missense mutations in LCA1 patients result in a severe loss of function by inactivating its catalytic activity and/or ability to interact with the activator proteins, GCAPs. The differences in rod sensitivities among patients were not explained by the biochemical properties of the mutants. However, the RetGC1 mutant alleles with remaining biochemical activity in vitro were associated with retained cone vision in vivo. We postulate a relationship between the level of RetGC1 activity and the degree of cone vision abnormality, and argue for cone function being the efficacy outcome in clinical trials of gene augmentation therapy in LCA1.
[(Bisphosphine) Ru(II) Diamine] Complexes in Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Expanding the Scope of the Diamine Ligand (2007)

[(Bisphosphine) RuCl 2 (1,2-diamine)] complexes are powerful catalysts in the asymmetric hydrogenation of unfunctionalized ketones. We sought to expand the scope and applicability of these complexes by exploring changes to the diamine structural motif. Via introduction of 1,3- and 1,4-diamines, the catalytic activity was significantly altered such that new classes of ketones could be considered for [(bisphosphine) RuCl 2 (diamine)] asymmetric hydrogenation.
Solid-state electrical applications of protein and peptide based nanomaterials (2018)

The field of organic electronics continues to be driven by new charge-transporting materials that are typically processed from toxic organic solvents incompatible with biological environments. Over the past few decades, powerful examples of electrical transport as mediated through protein-based macromolecules have fueled the emerging area of organic bioelectronics. These attractive bioinspired architectures have enabled several important applications that draw on their functional electrical properties, ranging from field-effect transistors to piezoelectrics. In addition to naturally occurring protein biomacromolecules, unnatural oligopeptide self-assemblies and peptide-π conjugates also exhibit interesting electrical applications. This review provides an overview of electrical transport and electrical polarization in specialized biomaterials as manifested in solid-state device architectures.
GGF2 Is Neuroprotective in a Rat Model of Cavernous Nerve Injury-Induced Erectile Dysfunction (2015)

GGF2 promotes erectile function recovery following CN injury in conjunction with preserving unmyelinated CN fibers. Our findings suggest the clinical opportunity to develop GGF2 as a neuroprotective therapy for radical prostatectomy.
A three-dimensional artificial insect wing by microcasting of thermosetting plastic using a thin elastic mold (2007)

This paper reports on a simple microcasting technique using a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) mold to fabricate a plastic butterfly wing with three-dimensional (3-D) shape. The wing consists of polyurethane (PU) frames and Parylene-C membrane, and has a curved profile. The minimum cross-sectional size of polyurethane frame was less than 100 μm and the length was more than 20 mm. In our method, a flexible PDMS mold with microchannels is pressed to a curved surface of a rigid lower mold to produce a 3-D structure. To estimate the deformation of the mold during pressing process, we compared the cross-sectional sizes of molded frames with those of mold channels. It was found that the change of both height and width of mold channel were small when aspect ratio of the channel was around 1.0. Using our casting technique, an artificial butterfly wing with a spherical shape was fabricated. Our method can be applied to other plastic structures which has both a macro 3-D shape and micro details.
3-Dithiolthione-substituted Polythiophene and Its Redox Activities (2004)

Abstract We synthesized 3-dithiolthione-substituted polythiophene, poly[3-(1′,2′-dithiol-3′-thione-4′-yl)thiophene], by cyclization reaction of poly[3-bis(methoxycaronyl)methyl thiophene]. Its redox behavior and electronic states showed that the oxidation of the polythiophene followed the oxidation of the dithiolthione ring to the radical cation of the dithiolthione ring.
Energy storage properties of polyimide/BaTiO3 nanocomposite films and their breakdown mechanism in a wide content range (2019)

Polyimide (PI) has excellent dielectric properties with superior thermal stability, and it is considered as a promising polymer dielectric for energy storage capacitors. Here, we studied the energy storage properties of PI composite films with BaTiO3 (BT) nanoparticles in a wide content range. Benefiting from the high breakdown strength (520 kV/mm), the nanocomposite filled with 0.05 wt. % of BT exhibits an increased energy density of 4.51 J/cm3 at room temperature and keeps a good thermal stability (3.22 J/cm3 at 100 °C). Additionally, trap properties of the nanocomposites and their effect on breakdown strength were studied by thermally stimulated depolarization current. It was found that the dominant trap parameter on breakdown strength variation, with the increase in the BT content, is correlated with deep traps, deep and shallow traps especially their depths, and shallow trap density. Then, a physical quantity of average trap depth was introduced, the value of which decreases from 0.81 eV to 0.44 eV as the BT content increases to 50 wt. %, and a clear correspondence was discovered between the average trap depth and breakdown strength.
Linear and second-order nonlinear optical dielectric behaviors of lithium niobate single crystals at high temperatures (2003)

Dielectric properties - linear and second-order nonlinear optical properties - of lithium niobate ferroelectric crystals are quantitatively studied from the crystallographic structures at different temperatures. On the basis of constituent chemical bonds of lithium niobate, the temperature dependent nature of dielectric properties of such crystals has been concluded. Dielectric responses increase with temperature increasing in a wide range from room temperature to the Curie temperature.
Growth of superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x films on alumina, silicon, and fused quartz (1988)

Interactions between superconducting Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x films and substrates were investigated by ion backscattering, x-ray diffraction, and four-point probe resistivity measurements. During annealing at temperatures above- 800 °C, Bi2Sr2CaCu2 oxide films rapidly reacted with alumina, Si, Si covered with SiO2, and quartz, resulting in catastrophic failure. Zr-based barrier layers were used to minimize film-substrate interactions. When a single ZrO2 layer was interposed between the superconducting oxide film and the underlying substrate, the Bi2Sr2CaCu2 oxide films showed a large-grained polycrystalline microstructure and exhibited the orthorhombic structure. Films on sapphire showed transitions to the superconducting state beginning near 100 K with zero resistance achieved at 70 K. Films on Si and thermally grown SiO2 showed a similar drop in resistance around 95 K, whereas the transition was broad and the zero resistance state was not reached. For films on quartz, high thermal stress caused cracking of the superconducting oxide film. Best results were achieved using a barrier composed of a Zr-Si-O mixed layer underneath ZrO2. In this case, the films grown on Si and quartz were uniform and showed the onset to superconductivity at 95 K, attaining zero resistance at 70 K.
Brian Doucet and Michael Doucet. Streetcars and the Shifting Geographies of Toronto: A Visual Analysis of Change (2023)

"Brian Doucet and Michael Doucet. Streetcars and the Shifting Geographies of Toronto: A Visual Analysis of Change." Urban History Review, 51(1), pp. 171–172