gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Gate Leakage Current on AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistors by Electron-Beam Irradiation (2013)

This study examined the effect of electron-beam (E-beam) irradiation on the AIGaN/GaN HEMTs for the reduction of gate leakage. After E-beam irradiation, the gate leakage current significantly decreased from 2.68 x 10(-8) A to 4.69 x 10(-9) A at a drain voltage of 10 V. The maximum drain current density of the AIGaN/GaN HEMTs with E-beam irradiation increased 14%, and the threshold voltage exhibited a negative shift, when compared to that of the AIGaN/GaN HEMTs before E-beam irradiation. These results strongly suggest that the reduction of gate leakage current resulted from neutralization nitrogen vacancies and removing of oxygen impurities.
Hydraulic Fracture-Initiation in Deviated or Horizontal Openhole Wellbores (1998)

It is well known that a, hydraulic fracture preferentially extends in a plane perpendicular to the least principal in-situ formation stress. However, it is not generally recognized that in an openhole completion, the hydraulic fracture will only initiate perpendicular to the least principal formation stress if the well's axis is aligned with the preferred fracture plane throughout the treatment interval, If the well intersects the preferred fracture plane, a hydraulic fracture initiated in an openhole section will intersect both the borehole and the preferred fracture plane.As the fracture extends away from the well, it turns, realigning itself with the preferred fracture plane. In the immediate vicinity of the wellbore, this turning results in tortuosity and a reduced fracture width, which can lead to premature screenouts or a choke effect during production. The most severe case of this occurrence is in an openhole completion in a well drilled perpendicular to the preferred fracture plane, where a hydraulic fracture initiates longitudinally but rapidly realigns itself with the preferred fracture plane normal to the borehole. Once realigned, the fracture grows back toward the well. As a result, both longitudinal and transverse fractures are present at the wellbore.Extensive calculations detailing the orientation of the initial fracture relative to the wellbore and the preferred fracture plane are presented for all borehole deviations relative to the preferred fracture plane and the maximum formation-stress direction. Results of laboratory investigations of fracture initiation and propagation from openhole, deviated wellbores are summarized and compared to analytical predictions. The effects of wellbore diameter on fracture orientation and the potential for link-up of multiple fractures are also discussed.P. 391
Investigations on the equivalent magnetic noise of Magneto(Elasto)Electric sensors by using modulation techniques", Key Engineering Materials (2014)

International audience
Color CLU-DBS Halftoning based on Neugebauer Primary Area Coverage: Improving the Breed (2018)

Though a color aperiodic, clustered-dot, halftoning (NPACMS-MP-CLU-DBS) algorithm can overcome the visible moire and rosette artifacts in conventional color halftoning methods, it still has some disadvantages, such as the color mismatch caused by the initial stage color management method, and texture artifacts caused by the concentric-ring cluster structure. In this paper, first, a new color gamut mapping method is used during the color management process, that is an image-dependent mapping method, which can make the most use of the printer color gamut, in order to reduce the color mismatch between the continuous-tone original and printed halftone images. Secondly, a new color, clustered-DBS halftoning algorithm with separated-cluster structure is developed. As a color halftoning method based on the clustered-DBS algorithm, not only it can overcome the visible moire and rosette artifacts, but also the separated-cluster structure is more stable, compared with the concentric-ring cluster structure. It can also reduce the texture artifacts significantly.
Target selection by natural and redesigned PUF proteins (2015)

Pumilio/fem-3 mRNA binding factor (PUF) proteins bind RNA with sequence specificity and modularity, and have become exemplary scaffolds in the reengineering of new RNA specificities. Here, we report the in vivo RNA binding sites of wild-type (WT) and reengineered forms of the PUF protein Saccharomyces cerevisiae Puf2p across the transcriptome. Puf2p defines an ancient protein family present throughout fungi, with divergent and distinctive PUF RNA binding domains, RNA-recognition motifs (RRMs), and prion regions. We identify sites in RNA bound to Puf2p in vivo by using two forms of UV cross-linking followed by immunopurification. The protein specifically binds more than 1,000 mRNAs, which contain multiple iterations of UAAU-binding elements. Regions outside the PUF domain, including the RRM, enhance discrimination among targets. Compensatory mutants reveal that one Puf2p molecule binds one UAAU sequence, and align the protein with the RNA site. Based on this architecture, we redesign Puf2p to bind UAAG and identify the targets of this reengineered PUF in vivo. The mutant protein finds its target site in 1,800 RNAs and yields a novel RNA network with a dramatic redistribution of binding elements. The mutant protein exhibits even greater RNA specificity than wild type. The redesigned protein decreases the abundance of RNAs in its redesigned network. These results suggest that reengineering using the PUF scaffold redirects and can even enhance specificity in vivo.
Dehydroepiandrosterone, androgens and the mammary gland (2006)

Mainly through the transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) into androgens in peripheral tissues by intracrine mechanisms, women synthesize at least two-thirds of the androgens found in men. Such data strongly suggest that androgens exert very important but so far underestimated physiological functions in women, including in the breast. In fact, the mammary gland possesses all the enzymatic machinery required to transform DHEA into both androgens and estrogens, although androgens are the predominant steroids synthesized from DHEA in the mammary gland. Early clinical studies have shown beneficial effects of androgens on breast cancer which are comparable to those observed with other hormonal therapies. In fact, a long series of preclinical and clinical data clearly indicate that proliferation of both the normal mammary gland and breast cancer results from the balance between the stimulatory effect of estrogens and the inhibitory effect of androgens. Moreover, the data showing the additive inhibitory effects of antiestrogens and androgens suggest that taking advantage of the inhibitory effect of androgens on breast cancer proliferation could well improve the efficacy of the currently used estrogen deprivation therapies for the treatment and prevention of breast cancer, the best and most physiological candidate being DHEA that limits the androgenic exposure to the tissues which possess the required enzymatic intracrine machinery.
An OpenCL implementation for acceleration of the BOR-FDTD algorithm on GPUs (2014)

The body of revolution finite-difference time-domain (BOR-FDTD) method is accelerated using graphics processing units (GPUs). The developed BOR-FDTD algorithm can be employed to efficiently characterize an axisymmetric gradient-index (GRIN) lens embedded in a planar multilayered medium when illuminated by an oblique incidence plane wave. The BOR- method is carried out by using the open computing language (OpenCL) programming that can be executed across heterogeneous platforms consisting of CPUs and GPUs. The accuracy and efficiency of the developed parallel techniques are demonstrated by the presented numerical results.
Triple Combination Nitazoxanide, Ribavirin, and Hydroxychloroquine results in the multiplicative reduction of in vitro SARS-CoV-2 viral replication (2020)

Abstract Background An immediate unmet medical need exists to test and develop existing approved drugs against SARS-COV-2. Despite many efforts, very little progress has been made regarding finding low-cost oral medicines that can be made widely available worldwide to address the global pandemic. Methods We sought to examine if a triple combination of nitazoxanide (using its active metabolite tizoxanide), ribavirin, and hydroxychloroquine would lead to a multiplicative effects on viral replication of SARS-COV-2 resulting in a significant reduction of virus yield using VERO E6 cells as a model of viral replication. Results Virus yield measured in PFU/ml was ~ 2 logs lower with triple combination versus either drug alone, resulting in the prolongation of time to peak cytopathic effects (CPE). The time to produce 50% CPE increased from 2.8 days for viral controls versus 5.3 days for triple combination therapy. Finally, for each 1-log reduction in virus yield 24 hours post-infection, there was an additional 0.7-day delay in onset of CPE. Conclusions A triple combination of tizoxanide, ribavirin, and hydroxychloroquine produced a reduction in SARS-COV-2 viral replication in Vero E6 cells, warranting exploration in additional cell lines as well as human clinical trials.
A review of spaced based RF propagation experiments and examination of a new interest in W/V band (40–110 GHz) studies (2016)

V and W band frequencies are becoming increasingly more interesting to system designers as the demand for communications bandwidth continues to grow. Regulated applications of the RF spectrum in these bands are few and provide an opportunity for new applications at high data rates. We review the current interest at these frequencies and the previous orbital experiments designed to conduct long term RF attenuation measurement studies. Lastly, we discuss the outstanding research questions in V and W band necessary for future communication system development.
Association between menopausal hormone therapy and risk of neurodegenerative diseases: Implications for precision hormone therapy (2021)

HT was associated with reduced risk of all NDDs including AD and dementia, with greater duration of therapy and natural steroid formulations associated with greater efficacy. These findings advance precision HT to prevent NDDs including AD.
BeaSmart: A beacon enabled smarter workplace (2016)

IBM's Watson Internet of Things (IoT) initiative is the next step of IBM's exploration of new ways for systems and humans to learn and interact synergistically. As the IoT ecosystems continues mature, new devices and protocols are being developed. Our team is specifically interested in Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) IoT beacons. As BLE beacons become more popular and widely adopted, interesting use cases have been developed. For example, Location-Based Systems that use BLE beacon technology to help smartphone users navigate through buildings. In this paper, we will provide examples of what has been done with BLE beacons, and an overview of a work-in-progress prototype that leverages BLE beacons. Our prototype, BeaSmart, is a mobile application that is being deployed and tested in the IBM Almaden Research Center (ARC). The BeaSmart application has four features that provide a more contextualized experience for employees and visitors as they navigate through ARC. We plan to use BeaSmart as a tool to evaluate the technical and human factors to consider when making a building smarter with BLE Beacons.
Charon: Load-Aware Load-Balancing in P4 (2021)

Load-Balancers play an important role in data centers as they distribute network flows across application servers and guarantee per-connection consistency. It is hard however to make fair load balancing decisions so that all resources are efficiently occupied yet not overloaded. Tracking connection states allows to infer server load states and make informed decisions, but at the cost of additional memory space consumption. This makes it hard to implement on programmable hardware, which has constrained memory but offers line-rate performance. This paper presents Charon, a stateless load-aware load balancer that has line-rate performance implemented in P4-NetFPGA. Charon passively collects load states from application servers and employs the power-of-2-choices scheme to make data-driven load balancing decisions and improve resource utilization. Per-connection consistency is preserved statelessly by encoding server ID in a covert channel. The prototype design and implementation details are described in this paper. Simulation results show performance gains in terms of load distribution fairness, quality of service, throughput and processing latency.
Localizing Search in Reinforcement Learning (2000)

Reinforcement learning (RL) can be impractical for many high dimensional problems because of the com-putational cost of doing stochastic search in large state spaces. We propose a new RL method, Boundary Lo-calized Reinforcement Learning (BLRL), which maps RL into a mode switching problem where an agent de-terministically chooses an action based on its state, and limits stochastic search to small areas around mode boundaries, drastically reducing computational cost. BLRL starts with an initial set of parameterized bound-aries that partition the state space into distinct control modes. Reinforcement reward is used to update the boundary parameters using the policy gradient formu-lation of Sutton et al. (2000). We demonstrate that stochastic search can be limited to regions near mode boundaries, thus greatly reducing search, while still guaranteeing convergence to a locally optimal deter-ministic mode switching policy. Further, we give con-ditions under which the policy gradient can be arbitrar-ily well approximated without the use of any stochastic search. These theoretical results are supported experi-mentally via simulation.
Speech Recognition Enhancement Using Beamforming and a Genetic Algorithm (2009)

This paper proposes a genetic algorithm (GA) based beamformer to optimize speech recognition accuracy for a pretrained speech recognizer. The proposed beamformer is designed to tackle the non-differentiable and non-linear natures of speech recognition by employing the GA algorithm to search for the optimal beamformer weights. Specifically, a population of beamformer weights is reproduced by crossover and mutation until the optimal beamformer weights are obtained. Results show that the speech recognition accuracies can be greatly improved even in noisy environments.
Morphology and Oxygen Sensor Response of Luminescent Ir-Labeled Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Polystyrene Polymer Blend Films (2005)

Polymer films consisting of a linear poly(dimethylsiloxane) end-functionalized with a luminescent Ir(III) complex (Ir-PDMS), blended with polystyrene (PS), function as optical oxygen sensors. The sensor response arises by quenching of the luminescence from the Ir(III) chromophore by oxygen that permeates into the polymer film. The morphology and luminescence oxygen sensor properties of blend films consisting of Ir-PDMS and PS have been characterized by fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The investigations demonstrate that microscale phase segregation occurs in the films. In blends that contain a relatively small amount of Ir-PDMS in PS (ca. 10 wt %), the Ir-PDMS exists as circular domains, with diameters ranging from 2 to 5 mum, surrounded by the majority PS phase. For larger weight fractions of Ir-PDMS in the blends, the film morphology becomes bicontinuous. A novel epifluorescence microscopy method is applied that allows the construction of Stern-Volmer quenching images that quantify the oxygen sensor response of the blend films with micrometer spatial resolution. These images provide a map of the oxygen permeability of the polymer blend films with a spatial resolution of ca. 1 mum. The results of this investigation show that the micrometer-sized Ir-PMDS domains display a 2-3-fold higher oxygen sensor response compared to the surrounding PS matrix. This result is consistent with the fact that PDMS is considerably more gas permeable compared to PS. The relationship of the microscale morphology of the blends to their performance as macroscale optical oxygen sensors is discussed.
Universal Dynamics of Kerr-Frequency Comb Formation in Microresonators (2012)

We experimentally investigate the initial dynamics of Kerr-frequency comb formation in crystalline MgF2 and planar Si3N4 microresonator and present a universal, platform independent condition for low phase noise performance.
Object tracking in the presence of occlusions using multiple cameras (2013)

This article describes a sensor network approach to tracking a single object in the presence of static and moving occluders using a network of cameras. To conserve communication bandwidth and energy, we combine a task-driven approach with camera subset selection. In the task-driven approach, each camera first performs simple local processing to detect the horizontal position of the object in the image. This information is then sent to a cluster head to track the object. We assume the locations of the static occluders to be known, but only prior statistics on the positions of the moving occluders are available. A noisy perspective camera measurement model is introduced, where occlusions are captured through occlusion indicator functions. An auxiliary particle filter that incorporates the occluder information is used to track the object. The camera subset selection algorithm uses the minimum mean square error of the best linear estimate of the object position as a metric, and tracking is performed using only the selected subset of cameras. Using simulations and preselected subsets of cameras, we investigate (i) the dependency of the tracker performance on the accuracy of the moving occluder priors, (ii) the trade-off between the number of cameras and the occluder prior accuracy required to achieve a prescribed tracker performance, and (iii) the importance of having occluder priors to the tracker performance as the number of occluders increases. We find that computing moving occluder priors may not be worthwhile, unless it can be obtained cheaply and to high accuracy. We also investigate the effect of dynamically selecting the subset of camera nodes used in tracking on the tracking performance. We show through simulations that a greedy selection algorithm performs close to the brute-force method and outperforms other heuristics, and the performance achieved by greedily selecting a small fraction of the cameras is close to that of using all the cameras.
Multivariate and Gas Chromatographic Techniques in Flavor Research (1984)

A substantial effort has been made to develop sound objective measurements for quality evaluation of a consumer product's flavor, aroma and taste. It is apparent that progress in flavor research was dependent on advances in analytical separation techniques as well as the application of computer technology to provide not just data management, but more importantly, direction for further research. The growth and success of this research activity has been tied closely to the development of gas chromatography and more recently to the application of pattern recognition techniques for data analysis and simplification. Input from the analytical, sensory and statistical disciplines have resulted in the development of techniques which are playing an increasingly important role in solving quality assurance and product development problems. The impact of the direction of this research on our work, as well as two specific examples of the use of multivariate analyses techniques for tobacco research will be discussed.
Data-driven imaging in anisotropic media (2012)

Anisotropic materials are being used increasingly in high performance industrial applications, particularly in the aeronautical and nuclear industries. Some important examples of these materials are composites, single-crystal and heavy-grained metals. Ultrasonic array imaging in these materials requires exact knowledge of the anisotropic material properties. Without this information, the images can be adversely affected, causing a reduction in defect detection and characterization performance. The imaging operation can be formulated in two consecutive and reciprocal focusing steps, i.e., focusing the sources and then focusing the receivers. Applying just one of these focusing steps yields an interesting intermediate domain. The resulting common focus point gather (CFP-gather) can be interpreted to determine the propagation operator. After focusing the sources, the observed travel-time in the CFP-gather describes the propagation from the focus point to the receivers. If the correct propagation operator is used, the measured travel-times should be the same as the time-reversed focusing operator due to reciprocity. This makes it possible to iteratively update the focusing operator using the data only and allows the material to be imaged without explicit knowledge of the anisotropic material parameters. Furthermore, the determined propagation operator can also be used to invert for the anisotropic medium parameters. This paper details the proposed technique and demonstrates its use on simulated array data from a specimen of Inconel single-crystal alloy commonly used in the aeronautical and nuclear industries.
Usefulness of <i>in vitro</i> combination assays of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis for the estimation of potential risk of idiosyncratic drug induced liver injury (2016)

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is one of the serious and frequent drug-related adverse events. This adverse event is a main reason for regulatory action pertaining to drugs, including restrictions in clinical indications and withdrawal from clinical trials or the marketplace. Idiosyncratic DILI especially has become a major clinical concern because of its unpredictable nature, frequent hospitalization, need for liver transplantation and high mortality. The estimation of the potential for compounds to induce idiosyncratic DILI is very difficult in non-clinical studies because the precise mechanism of idiosyncratic DILI is still unknown. Recently, many in vitro assays which indicate a possibility of the prediction of the idiosyncratic DILI have been reported. Among these, some in vitro assays focus on the effects of compounds on mitochondrial function and the apoptotic effects of compounds on human hepatocytes. In this study, we measured oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and caspase-3/7 activity as an endpoint of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis, respectively, with human hepatocytes after treatment with compounds causing idiosyncratic DILI (troglitazone, leflunomide, ranitidine and diclofenac). Troglitazone and leflunomide decreased the OCR but did not affect caspase-3/7 activity. Ranitidine increased caspase-3/7 activity but did not affect the OCR. Diclofenac decreased the OCR and increased caspase-3/7 activity. Acetaminophen and ethanol, which are also hepatotoxicants but do not induce idiosyncratic DILI, did not affect the OCR or caspase-3/7 activity. These results indicate that a combination assay of mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis is useful for the estimation of potential risk of compounds to induce idiosyncratic DILI.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane on Vanadium-Containing Aluminophosphates with AFI Structure (1998)

MeAPO-5 (Me = V, Mg, Co, Mn) and VMeAPO-5 (Me = Mg, Co, Mn) with AFI structure were prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and characterized by nitrogen-adsorption, TPR, diffuse reflectance (UV-VIS) and ESR spectroscopies. Their catalytic performance in the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane using molecular oxygen was also studied. Although different catalytic behaviour was observed depending on the metal incorporated, Vanadia-metal containing materials were the most selective catalysts. The importance of both redox and acid character of the catalysts on their catalytic properties is discussed.