gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model-driven AMS Test Setup Validation Tool prepared for IEEE P1687.2 (2019)

This paper presents a software package called fanTESTic to improve and speed up the test development process of designs with a significant portion of Analog and Mixed-signal circuits. The test development flow of the tool is based on pre-silicon validation through test setup simulation. The tool maps a number of standard test procedures typically executed at commercial tester platforms, into the simulation domain. Both the automatic testbench generator and postprocessing are integrated into the tool, compatible to any commercial Electronic Design Automation (EDA) environment. The approach is also applicable on embedded test instruments. To our best knowledge, fanTESTic is the first commercially available IEEE P1687.2-ready software kit.
Virion Encapsidation of tRNA 3 Lys -Ribozyme Chimeric RNAs Inhibits HIV Infection (1998)

Retroviruses require a specific host cellular tRNA primer for initiation of first-strand DNA synthesis. This primer is bound by viral proteins and copackaged into virions. We have exploited this property in the design and testing of an antiviral ribozyme fused to tRNA(3Lys), the primer used for lentiviral replication, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2). The chimera consists of tRNA(3Lys) covalently attached to a hammerhead ribozyme, which is targeted to the region immediately upstream of the primer binding site of the HIV-1 genome. The tRNA-ribozyme chimeric transcript is catalytically active in vitro and is efficiently bound by HIV reverse transcriptase with an affinity similar to that of tRNA(3Lys). We have expressed the chimeric RNAs from either the tRNA(3Lys) intragenic RNA polymerase III promoter or from a human U6 snRNA promoter. The U6 promoter results in up to 10-fold enhanced expression of the tRNA-ribozyme. Most importantly, the tRNA(3Lys)-ribozymes are encapsidated in HIV-1 virions such that they are effective in substantially reducing the level of infectious virus produced from cells cotransfected with HIV-1 proviral DNA. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using this novel strategy to reduce HIV infectivity and more generally indicate the potential power of using the retroviral primer tRNAs as tools for expressing and delivering ribozymes and other antiretroviral RNAs to the virion capsid.
Evidence for the Structure of the Enantioactive Ligand in the Phosphine–Copper‐Catalyzed Addition of Diorganozinc Reagents to Imines (2004)

Verwechselt: Der aktive Katalysator der hoch selektiven Cu-katalysierten nucleophilen Addition von Diorganozinkreagentien an N-Diphenylphosphinoylimine (siehe Schema) enthält nicht den Bis(phosphan)-Liganden 1, sondern das hemilabile Monophosphanoxid 2. Der Ligand 1 wird oxidiert, sobald er mit Kupfer(II)- oder Kupfer(I)-triflat gemischt wird. Die analoge Reaktion unter nichtoxidierenden Bedingungen ist langsamer und nicht enantioselektiv. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z461920_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Scientific challenges underlying production document processing (2010)

The Field of Document Recognition is bipolar. On one end lies the excellent work of academic institutions engaging in original research on scientifically interesting topics. On the other end lies the document recognition industry which services needs for high-volume data capture for transaction and back-office applications. These realms seldom meet, yet the need is great to address technical hurdles for practical problems using modern approaches from the Document Recognition, Computer Vision, and Machine Learning disciplines. We reflect on three categories of problems we have encountered which are both scientifically challenging and of high practical value. These are Doctype Classification, Functional Role Labeling, and Document Sets. Doctype Classification asks, "What is the type of page I am looking at?" Functional Role Labeling asks, "What is the status of text and graphical elements in a model of document structure?" Document Sets asks, "How are pages and their contents related to one another?" Each of these has ad hoc engineering approaches that provide 40-80% solutions, and each of them begs for a deeply grounded formulation both to provide understanding and to attain the remaining 20-60% of practical value. The practical need is not purely technical but also depends on the user experience in application setup and configuration, and in collection and groundtruthing of sample documents. The challenge therefore extends beyond the science behind document image recognition and into user interface and user experience design.
The Case for the Journal's Use of a CC-BY License (2012)

Journal of Language Modelling provides its articles under a Creative Commons CC-BY license. We discuss why this is the appropriate choice for the journal.
Synthesis of the lignan (±)-deoxyschizandrin (1978)

T. Biftu, B. G. Hazra and R. Stevenson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 491 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000491
Melt rheology of ion‐containing polymers. I. Effect of molecular weight and excess neutralizing agent in model elastomeric sulfonated polyisobutylene‐based ionomers (1984)

Abstract Melt rheology of elastomeric triarm sulfonated polyisobutylene model ionomers has been studied. The molecular weights ( M n ) of the polymers have been varied from 8300 to 34,000. The sulfonated materials were neutralized with potassium hydroxide either to the exact stoichiometric equivalence point or to twice this amount, i.e., 100% excess neutralizing agent was added. For comparison one nonsulfonated precursor of M n = 8300 was also studied. It was observed that the introduction of one sulfonate group at each chain end of the triarm poly‐isobutylene molecule changes the state of matter at room temperature. Specifically, the unsulfonated materials are viscous liquids while the sulfonated ionomers are solid elastomers at room temperature. The zero‐shear melt viscosity of the unsulfonated precursor is 900 poise (90 Pa·s), at room temperature while for those materials neutralized with potassium hydroxide to the exact stoichiometric point it is above 9 × 10 3 poise (900 Pa·s) at 180°C. As expected, the zero shear viscosity increases with an increase in the molecular weight. Significant ionic interactions still persist at 180°C as evident by the high viscosity of the ionomers. However, at higher frequencies (∼600 rad/s), the melt viscosity decreases to about 5 × 10 3 poise for the different molecular weight materials. The melt viscosity of ionomers containing 100% excess neutralizing agent shows a dramatic increase. The excess KOH is speculated to be incorporated into the ionic domains rather than uniformly distributed throughout the matrix. This results in an increased strength of the ionic aggregates, thereby increasing the melt viscosities. Thus, due to the very pronounced effect on rheological properties it is important to know not only the extent of neutralization (up to full neutralization) but also the amount of excess neutralizing agent, if any, which is present in the sample.
Drone and field-based monitoring of the degassing and alteration structures of the La Fossa fumarole field (Vulcano Island), before and during the 2021 volcanic crisis (2023)

Fumarole fields and hydrothermal alteration are prominent signs of volcanic degassing at many volcanoes, and their monitoring is an essential part of the assessment of volcanic unrest. Yet, our knowledge about the detailed structure of fumarole fields and the spatiotemporal processes in their complexity is still poor, owing to limited accessibility. By using modern drone and sensor technologies we now are able to provide high-resolution data that allows us to analyze fumarole fields at cm-scales. From 2018 to 2022, we conducted repeated drone surveys at the fumaroles of La Fossa volcano on Vulcano Island (Italy). Drones equipped with a 20 MP camera and a radiometric thermal infrared sensor allowed the close-range acquisition of optical and thermal infrared images. By means of Structure from Motion (SfM) processing, the generation of high-resolution ortho- and infrared mosaic data was achieved. Applying Principal Component Analysis and image classification to the orthomosaic data, we detected and classified areas affected by degassing and hydrothermal alteration covering more than 60.000 sqm. By analyzing their spectral characteristics, we defined 4 surface types, of which type 1 and 2 are largely coincident with the thermally active surface. Type 3 is an altered low-temperature surface and type 4 is an unaltered surface. To evaluate these surface types, samples were analyzed in the lab for their mineralogical and geochemical composition by X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analysis, showing significant variability in composition. Further, we analyzed the spatial variability of the surface degassing activity using a portable multi-gas device. The combination of these methods allows us to constrain factors that are controlling the observed surface pattern of the degassing system, and to better understand the structural setup of the fumarole field and broader field of activity. We find that the actual high-temperature fumarole sites only account for &lt;10% of the active surface. Besides, large thermally active areas, thermal aureoles for instance, display a rather diffuse activity. During the 2021 volcanic crisis, next to the high-temperature fumaroles, especially those diffuse features showed a response to the increased gas flux, emphasizing their structural importance. We summarize spatiotemporal variations during the crisis, and indicate possible widespread effects of the long-term gas-rock interaction like surface sealing, and forced lateral gas migration, affecting large parts of the fumarole field. The results suggest that detailed structural studies of fumarole fields by means of drone-based remote sensing in combination with in-situ measurements can contribute to a better understanding of degassing and alteration effects, with relevance for degassing sites elsewhere and during volcanic crises.&amp;#160;
Surface epithelium related activation of complement differs in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. (1992)

IgG1 and activated complement are colocalised on the colonic epithelial brush border in active ulcerative colitis. To investigate whether such deposition is specific for ulcerative colitis, we examined ethanol fixed mucosal specimens from 18 patients with Crohn's colitis and 14 with terminal ileitis by indirect two colour immunofluorescence staining. Monoclonal antibodies to the IgG subclasses and to neoepitopes of activated complement C3b and the terminal complement complex were used in combination with rabbit antiserum to C1q, C4c or cytokeratin. Granular deposition of C3b and terminal complement complex were observed at the luminal face of the surface epithelium in 10 of 18 patients with Crohn's colitis. Specimens from eight of 14 patients with ileal involvement were intensely stained for activated complement (primarily C3b) within the surface mucus layer. No epithelial IgG, C1q or C4c deposition was observed. The results suggest that early and late phase complement activation takes place at the luminal face of the epithelium in Crohn's disease. The absence of colocalised IgG and complement components involved in the classical activation pathway (C1q and C4c), however, suggest that other immunopathological mechanisms (the alternative pathway?) are primarily involved in Crohn's disease in contrast with ulcerative colitis.
Recruitment of human light chain proteins by synthetic fibrils is dependent on disease state and may be used to predict amyloidogenic propensity (2017)

"Recruitment of human light chain proteins by synthetic fibrils is dependent on disease state and may be used to predict amyloidogenic propensity." Amyloid, 24(sup1), pp. 24–25
Understanding treatment disconnect and mortality trends in renal cell carcinoma using tumor registry data. (2014)

403 Background: Previous research has demonstrated a rise in overall and cancer specific mortality over time despite increased detection and treatment of kidney cancer, termed “treatment disconnect.” Our aim was to assess the impact of missing data and rising incidence on mortality trends using national tumor registry data. Methods: Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data, we identified all patients with a kidney cancer diagnosis from 1973-2009. We estimated overall mortality rates by tumor size after accounting for lags from diagnosis to death and using multiple imputation for missing data. Mortality rates for all patients irrespective of tumor size were also estimated after adjustment for prior cumulative incidence using ridge regression. Results: 73,647 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 22.7% had missing tumor size data. Compared to observed rates, significant decreases in the change in mortality rate per 100,000 US population from 1983 to 2009 were noted for 2-4cm (Δ obs 1.58 versus Δ imp 1.34; p=0.003), 4-7cm (Δ obs 1.61 versus Δ imp 0.79; p&lt;0.001), and &gt;7cm (Δ obs 1.55 versus Δ imp 0.19; p&lt;0.001) tumors following missing data imputation, while no differences in change of rate were noted for tumors &lt;2cm (Δ obs 0.29 versus Δ imp 0.25). In a separate analysis, holding the incidence of kidney cancer constant over time, the temporal increase in overall mortality for all patients was attenuated (p&lt;0.001 for test of difference in slope) when comparing observed (3.9 to 6.8) and estimated (5.9 to 7.1) rates, suggesting that rapidly rising incidence may also influence reported mortality trends. Conclusions: Missing data and rising incidence rates may contribute substantially to the “treatment disconnect” phenomenon when examining mortality rates in kidney cancer using tumor registry data.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Activities of Novel Gemini 20S-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Analogs. (2016)

Vitamin D3 (D3) can be metabolized by cytochrome P450scc (CYP11A1) into 20S-hydroxyvitamin D3 (20D3) as a major metabolite. This bioactive metabolite has shown strong antiproliferative, antifibrotic, pro-differentiation and anti-inflammatory effects while being non-toxic (non-calcemic) at high concentrations. Since D3 analogs with two symmetric side chains (Gemini analogs) result in potent activation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), we hypothesized that the chain length and composition of these types of analogs also containing a 20-hydroxyl group would affect their biological activities. In this study, we designed and synthesized a series of Gemini 20D3 analogs. Biological tests showed that some of these analogs are partial VDR activators and can significantly stimulate the expression of mRNA for VDR and VDR-regulated genes including CYP24A1 and transient receptor potential cation channel V6 (TRPV6). These analogs inhibited the proliferation of melanoma cells with potency comparable to that of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Moreover, these analogs reduced the level of interferon γ and up-regulated the expression of leukocyte associated immunoglobulin-like receptor 1 in splenocytes, indicating that they have potent anti-inflammatory activities. There are no clear correlations between the Gemini chain length and their VDR activation or biological activities, consistent with the high flexibility of the ligand-binding pocket of the VDR.
Waveguide-based Bragg filters inside bulk glasses integrated by femtosecond laser processing (2006)

In this paper, for the first time to our best knowledge, we report on an integration technique of waveguides and Bragg gratings for fabrication of waveguide-based Bragg filters.
Network Programming extension: SRv6 uSID instruction (2020)

The SRv6 segment (SRv6 uSID or uSID for short) instruction is
a straightforward extension of the SRv6 Network Programming model: o
The SRv6 Control Plane is leveraged without any change o The SRH
dataplane encapsulation is leveraged without any change o Any SID in
the SID list can carry micro segments This enables: o ultra-scale
(e.g. multi-domain 5G deployments) o minimum MTU overhead o
installed-base reuse
Supported Organometallic Complexes: Surface Chemistry, Spectroscopy, Catalysis, and Homogeneous Models (2016)

Page Not Found - If you're seeing this page, it's because the URL you requested cannot be located. It might not exist or maybe you mistyped it into your browser. But, if you think it's our mistake, please let us know. Otherwise, you have a few options: try using our navigation bar at the top of this page, visit our home page, or browse our products below. - Homepage Basic Content,
Formation of Novel 1‐D Chains by μ‐Amido Bridging of Dinuclear Manganese(III)‐Schiff Base Complexes (2004)

Abstract Three novel neutral manganese( III ) complexes of stoichiometry Mn(R‐amsal‐3,5‐di‐ t Bu)(H 2 O) n [H 3 ‐R‐amsal‐3,5‐di‐ t Bu = 3‐aza‐4‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐ N ‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)but‐3‐enamide; (R = H, 4‐Me, 5‐ t Bu)] have been synthesised using potentially trianionic and pentadentate Schiff‐base ligands containing an amide group. Complexes were thoroughly characterised by elemental analysis, FAB mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements and molar conductivities. Recrystallisation of these complexes from methanol yielded single crystals of [Mn 2 (amsal‐3,5‐di‐ t Bu) 2 (MeOH) 2 ] n 1 , [Mn 2 (4‐Me‐amsal‐3,5‐di‐ t Bu) 2 (MeOH) 2 ] n 2 and [Mn 2 (5‐ t Bu‐amsal‐3,5‐di‐ t Bu) 2 (MeOH) 2 ] n 3 with methanol as solvate. Their X‐ray characterisation shows that these complexes consist of infinite one‐dimensional chains with a repeating cyclic dimeric unit, where the amide oxygen atom is bridging two neighbouring manganese( III ) ions. Paramagnetic 1 H NMR spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Mn III in these complexes, while the cyclic voltammetry studies suggest the possibility of obtaining polynuclear Mn IV complexes with this kind of ligand. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Objective Determination of Minimum Engine Mapping Requirements for Optimal SI DIVCP Engine Calibration (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In response to marketplace demand for increased engine performance and economy, spark-ignition (SI) engine applications with dual-independent variable cam-phaser actuators (DIVCP) are now commonplace.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper, the minimum number of test measurements required to optimally calibrate the steady-state spark advance and cam-phaser settings of a SI DIVCP engine was determined, using a high-fidelity model of a 2.2L SI DIVCP engine with predictive combustion capability as a basis.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A calibration development process was designed to objectively determine the minimum number of torque vs. spark advance sweeps required for the SI DIVCP engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;First, Torque production results from calibration tables based on cost-feasible sets of 52, 96, 173, 250, 329, and 406 sweeps were determined. Next, calibration reference tables were developed from an exhaustive data collection process based on 10,000 sweeps. Finally, torque results from the cost-feasible calibrations were compared to the torque results from the exhaustive reference calibrations tables to determine the minimum number of sweeps required to match the results of the exhaustive approach.&lt;/div&gt;
Rapid acquisition of multifrequency, multislice and multidirectional MR elastography data with a fractionally encoded gradient echo sequence (2013)

In MR elastography (MRE), periodic tissue motion is phase encoded using motion-encoding gradients synchronized to an externally applied periodic mechanical excitation. Conventional methods result in extended scan time for quality phase images, thus limiting the broad application of MRE in the clinic. For practical scan times, researchers have been relying on one-dimensional or two-dimensional motion-encoding, low-phase sampling and a limited number of slices, and artifact-prone, single-shot, echo planar imaging (EPI) readout. Here, we introduce a rapid multislice pulse sequence capable of three-dimensional motion encoding that is also suitable for simultaneously encoding motion with multiple frequency components. This sequence is based on a gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequence and exploits the principles of fractional encoding. This GRE MRE pulse sequence was validated as capable of acquiring full three-dimensional motion encoding of isotropic voxels in a large volume within less than a minute. This sequence is suitable for monofrequency and multifrequency MRE experiments. In homogeneous paraffin phantoms, the eXpresso sequence yielded similar storage modulus values as those obtained with conventional methods, although with markedly reduced variances (7.11 ± 0.26 kPa for GRE MRE versus 7.16 ± 1.33 kPa for the conventional spin-echo EPI sequence). The GRE MRE sequence obtained better phase-to-noise ratios than the equivalent spin-echo EPI sequence (matched for identical acquisition time) in both paraffin phantoms and in vivo data in the liver (59.62 ± 11.89 versus 27.86 ± 3.81, 61.49 ± 14.16 versus 24.78 ± 2.48 and 58.23 ± 10.39 versus 23.48 ± 2.91 in the X, Y and Z components, respectively, in the case of liver experiments). Phase-to-noise ratios were similar between GRE MRE used in monofrequency or multifrequency experiments (75.39 ± 14.93 versus 86.13 ± 18.25 at 28 Hz, 71.52 ± 24.74 versus 86.96 ± 30.53 at 56 Hz and 95.60 ± 36.96 versus 61.35 ± 26.25 at 84Hz, respectively).
Clinical and genetic characterization of a Danish family with North Carolina macular dystrophy. (2010)

We report the first pedigree with NCMD from Scandinavia, and the first confirmation that a gene for this condition is located on chromosome 5p13-p15. The bright elements or lesions typical of NCMD differed from drusen in that no sign of accumulation of material between the retinal pigment epithelium and Bruch's membrane was seen. While the present study has found indications that the elements are located in the outermost layers of the retina, their precise location remains to be identified directly.
All-optical modulation for semiconductor lasers by using three energy levels in n-doped quantum wells (1993)

An all-optical modulation method for semiconductor lasers using three energy levels in n-doped quantum wells is demonstrated. The modulation principle is based on the third-order interaction between interband-and intersubband-resonant light in the quantum-well structure. The modulation is demonstrated by a real-time single-shot experiment using a semiconductor laser for the interband-resonant light and a CO/sub 2/ laser for the intersubband-resonant light. The dependences of the modulation depth on the intersubband-resonant light polarization and on the interband-resonant light wavelength indicate that the modulation is achieved by this principle. It is pointed out that the thermal effect appears when the power of the intersubband-resonant light becomes strong.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>