gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear contrast agent imaging with a linear array based micro-ultrasound system (2009)

Recently, a linear array based micro-ultrasound system with a 64 channel beamformer has been developed. This study will focus on the implementation of a real-time nonlinear contrast mode on this array based system, and the challenges faced in high-frequency contrast imaging, namely nonlinear propagation in tissue. The array transducer, beamforming techniques, digital sampling and signal processing will be described, along with in vitro and in vivo results.
Fluctuating Pressure Beneath Smooth Wall Boundary Layers in Nonequilibrium Pressure Gradients (2022)

An experimental investigation is made of smooth wall turbulent boundary layers under a family of continually varying streamwise pressure gradient distributions. In general, the effects of these pressure gradient cases on the boundary layer are found to be nonlocal and dependent on upstream history effects. However, the friction Reynolds number grows independent of applied pressure gradient and appears to be dependent only on the origin of the turbulent boundary layer. Special attention is paid to the statistics of the fluctuating pressure on the immersed surface, and it is found that there is a spectral-region-dependent relationship between pressure gradient and the fluctuating wall pressure, indicating the lack of a universal overlap region and providing insight into the impact of pressure gradient history on turbulence evolution. The classical viscous inner scaling of the pressure spectra appears universal as does a proposed mixed variable low-frequency scaling. The impact of the pressure gradients on the pressure space-time correlations and convection velocities is more locally dependent. The implications of these observations on our understanding of nonequilibrium flows are explored, and it is postulated that such flows may be describable as a three-dimensional space governing the mean growth, pressure gradient effect, and nonequilibrium effect, respectively.
Fabrication of As-S and As-Se optical fiber with low hydrogen impurities using tellurium tetrachloride (TeC1 4 ) (2003)

Arsenic sulfide (As-S) and arsenic selenide (As-Se) glass optical fibers typically possess extrinsic absorption bands in the infrared wavelength region associated with residual hydrogen and oxygen related impurities, despite using purified precursors. We report a purification process based on the addition of 0.1 wt%tellurium tetrachloride (TeCl<sub>4</sub>) to the glass. During melting, the chlorine from TeCl<sub>4</sub> reacts with the hydrogen impurities to produce volatile products (e.g. HCl) that can be removed by subsequent dynamic distillation. The processing conditions have been modified accordingly to give low H-S (1.5 dB/m) and low H-Se (0.2 dB/m) impurity content.
Satellite Image Segmentation with Deep Residual Architectures for Time-Critical Applications (2018)

We address the problem of training a convolutional neural network for satellite images segmentation in emergency situations, where response time constraints prevent training the network from scratch. Such case is particularly challenging due to the large intra-class statistics variations between training images and images to be segmented captured at different locations by different sensors. We propose a convolutional encoder-decoder network architecture where the encoder builds upon a residual architecture. We show that our proposed architecture enables learning features suitable to generalize the learning process across images with different statistics. Our architecture can accurately segment images that have no reference in the training set, whereas a minimal refinement of the trained network significantly boosts the segmentation accuracy.
Spin Wave Based Approximate 4:2 Compressor (2021)

In this paper, we propose an energy efficient SW based approximate 4:2 compressor comprising a 3-input and a 5-input Majority gate. We validate our proposal by means of micromagnetic simulations, and assess and compare its performance with one of the state-of-the-art SW, 45nm CMOS, and Spin-CMOS counterparts. The evaluation results indicate that the proposed compressor consumes 31.5\% less energy in comparison with its accurate SW design version. Furthermore, it has the same energy consumption and error rate as the approximate compressor with Directional Coupler (DC), but it exhibits 3x lower delay. In addition, it consumes 14% less energy, while having 17% lower average error rate than the approximate 45nm CMOS counterpart. When compared with the other emerging technologies, the proposed compressor outperforms approximate Spin-CMOS based compressor by 3 orders of magnitude in term of energy consumption while providing the same error rate. Finally, the proposed compressor requires the smallest chip real-estate measured in terms of devices.
Double-resonant optical materials with embedded metal nanostructures (2006)

We derive equations modeling the resonant interaction of electric and magnetic components of light fields with metal nanostructures. This paired resonance was recently shown to produce negative refractive index. The model equations are a generalization of the well-known Maxwell-Lorentz model. We demonstrate that in the case of nonlinear polarization and linear magnetization, these equations are equivalent to a system of equations describing the resonant interaction of light with plasmonic oscillations in metal nanospheres. A family of solitary wave solutions is found that is similar to pulses associated with self-induced transparency in the framework of the Maxwell-Bloch model. The evolution of incident optical pulses is studied numerically, as are the collision dynamics of the solitary waves. These simulations reveal that the collision dynamics vary from near perfectly elastic to highly radiative, depending on the relative phase of the initial pulses.
Speeding Up AES By Extending a 32 bit Processor Instruction Set (2006)

Nowadays the need of speed in cipher and decipher operations is more important than in the past. This is due to the diffusion of real time applications, which fact involves the use of cryptography. Many co-processors for cryptography were studied and presented in the past, but only few works were addressed to the enhancement of the instruction set architecture (ISA) of the embedded processor. This paper presents an extension of the ISA of a 32 bit processor, that aims at speeding up the software implementations of the AES algorithm. After the identification of the most frequently executed and the most time consuming sections of the algorithm, a set of dedicated instructions is designed in order to improve the performances of the cipher operations. We validate our instruction set extension by measuring the speed up for different optimized implementations of AES using an ARM processor simulator, but the enhancements we propose are general enough to be applied to almost all 32 bit processors.
Regioselective α-Peptide Bond Formation Through the Oxidation of Amino Thioacids (2019)

Biological systems, including ribosomes and enzymes, produce peptides with an extraordinary high speed and accuracy. On the other hand, a rational and regioselective α-peptide bond formation, without involving protecting groups, is difficult to achieve in chemical synthesis. In this study, α-amino thioacids were utilized for the generation of polypeptides without using any protecting groups. We found that an α-amino thioacid could oxidatively form a diaminoacyl-disulfide moiety and undergo a subsequent intramolecular S- to N-acyl transfer to form an α-peptide bond. Even the thioacid form of lysine, which has a free ε-amino group, generated a regioselective α-peptide bond. The oxidation of amino thioacids generated the oligomers of amino acids. Interestingly, this oligomerization reaction proceeded even in the presence of iron ore, a prebiotic element, thus suggesting a plausible prebiotic peptide bond forming reaction.
Lewis Acid-Promoted Anionic Polymerization of a Monomer with High Cationic Polymerizability. Synthesis of Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution Polyoxetane and Polyoxetane-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Block Copolymer with Aluminum Porphyrin Initiators (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis Acid-Promoted Anionic Polymerization of a Monomer with High Cationic Polymerizability. Synthesis of Narrow Molecular Weight Distribution Polyoxetane and Polyoxetane-Poly(methyl methacrylate) Block Copolymer with Aluminum Porphyrin InitiatorsDaisuke Takeuchi, Yoshihiko Watanabe, Takuzo Aida, and Shohei InoueCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 2, 651–652Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00106a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00106a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views364Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chip-Level RAID with Flexible Stripe Size and Parity Placement for Enhanced SSD Reliability (2014)

The move from SLC to MLC/TLC flash memory technology is increasing SSD capacity at lower cost, but at the cost of sacrificing reliability. An approach to remedy this loss is to employ the RAID architecture with the chips that comprise SSDs. However, using the traditional RAID approach may result in negative effects as the total number of writes is increased due to the parity updates. In this paper, we describe Elastic Striping and Anywhere Parity (eSAP)-RAID, a RAID scheme that allows flexible stripe sizes and parity placement. Using performance and lifetime models that we derive of SSDs employing RAID-5 and eSAP-RAID, we show that eSAP-RAID brings about significant performance and reliability benefits by reducing parity writes compared to RAID-5. We also implement these schemes in SSDs using DiskSim with SSD Extension and validate the models using realistic workloads. We also discuss policies such as dynamic stripe sizing and selective data protection that exploits the flexible nature of eSAP. We show that through such policies particular reliability enhancement goals can be met.
Symbolische Modellprüfung Aktor-orientierter High-level SystemC-Modelle mit Intervalldiagrammen. (2008)

Jens Gladigau, Frank Blendinger, Christian Haubelt und Jurgen Teich Lehrstuhl fur Informatik 12 (Hardware-Software-Co-Design) Universitat Erlangen-Nurnberg {gladigau, blendinger, haubelt, teich}@codesign.informatik.uni-erlangen.de In Methoden und Beschreibungssprachen zur Modellierung und Verifikation von Schaltungen und Systemen. by Christoph Scholl, Sefan Disch (Eds.). GI/ITG/GMM-Workshop, Shaker Verlag, Aachen, March 3-5, 2008
Pierre Bourdieu's The Logic of Practice (2023)

The son of a postman, born in a rural French village near the Pyrenees in 1930s, Pierre Bourdieu was probably not expected to become an academic at all, let alone one of the most prominent French public intellectuals and the chair of College de France. In this chapter, the author argues that Bourdieu’s thinking tools can also help enhance the understanding of something very different again: the working practices of lawyers. The desire to understand how dramatic social changes impact people led Bourdieu to examine cultures very different from his own. Algeria especially became central to this thinking. This is clear not only from his numerous publications (including his early book The Algerians and the work in question here, much later in his career: The Logic of Practice, ‘TLP’) but also from his own experiences. The latter part of TLP illustrates how he uses his ‘theory of practice’ to better understand Algerian Kabylian kinship and social space through ethnographic fieldwork.
Organic nanocrystals of [2.2]paracyclophanes achieved via sonochemistry: enhanced and red-shifted emission involving edge-to-face chromophores (2012)

We have prepared organic nanocrystals of [2.2]paracyclophane (pCp) and tetrakis(4-pyridylcyclobutyl)[2.2]paracyclophane (tpcp) via sonochemistry. Both nanocrystals exhibit an enhanced fluorescence compared to dilute solution, while the tpcp nanocrystals also demonstrate a red-shifted fluorescence.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 2 and 4 gene deficiency attenuates nociceptive behaviors in a mouse model of acute inflammatory pain (2016)

Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) kinases (PDKs) 1-4, expressed in peripheral and central tissues, regulate the activity of the PDH complex (PDC). The PDC is an important mitochondrial gatekeeping enzyme that controls cellular metabolism. The role of PDKs in diverse neurological disorders, including neurometabolic aberrations and neurodegeneration, has been described. Implications for a role of PDKs in inflammation and neurometabolic coupling led us to investigate the effect of genetic ablation of PDK2/4 on nociception in a mouse model of acute inflammatory pain. Deficiency in Pdk2 and/or Pdk4 in mice led to attenuation of formalin-induced nociceptive behaviors (flinching, licking, biting, or lifting of the injected paw). Likewise, the pharmacological inhibition of PDKs substantially diminished the nociceptive responses in the second phase of the formalin test. Furthermore, formalin-provoked paw edema formation and mechanical and thermal hypersensitivities were significantly reduced in Pdk2/4-deficient mice. Formalin-driven neutrophil recruitment at the site of inflammation, spinal glial activation, and neuronal sensitization were substantially lessened in the second or late phase of the formalin test in Pdk2/4-deficient animals. Overall, our results suggest that PDK2/4 can be a potential target for the development of pharmacotherapy for the treatment of acute inflammatory pain. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fungal genome and mating system transitions facilitated by chromosomal translocations involving intercentromeric recombination (2017)

Species within the human pathogenic Cryptococcus species complex are major threats to public health, causing approximately 1 million annual infections globally. Cryptococcus amylolentus is the most closely known related species of the pathogenic Cryptococcus species complex, and it is non-pathogenic. Additionally, while pathogenic Cryptococcus species have bipolar mating systems with a single large mating type (MAT) locus that represents a derived state in Basidiomycetes, C. amylolentus has a tetrapolar mating system with 2 MAT loci (P/R and HD) located on different chromosomes. Thus, studying C. amylolentus will shed light on the transition from tetrapolar to bipolar mating systems in the pathogenic Cryptococcus species, as well as its possible link with the origin and evolution of pathogenesis. In this study, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated the genomes of 2 C. amylolentus isolates, CBS6039 and CBS6273, which are sexual and interfertile. Genome comparison between the 2 C. amylolentus isolates identified the boundaries and the complete gene contents of the P/R and HD MAT loci. Bioinformatic and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) analyses revealed that, similar to those of the pathogenic Cryptococcus species, C. amylolentus has regional centromeres (CENs) that are enriched with species-specific transposable and repetitive DNA elements. Additionally, we found that while neither the P/R nor the HD locus is physically closely linked to its centromere in C. amylolentus, and the regions between the MAT loci and their respective centromeres show overall synteny between the 2 genomes, both MAT loci exhibit genetic linkage to their respective centromere during meiosis, suggesting the presence of recombinational suppressors and/or epistatic gene interactions in the MAT-CEN intervening regions. Furthermore, genomic comparisons between C. amylolentus and related pathogenic Cryptococcus species provide evidence that multiple chromosomal rearrangements mediated by intercentromeric recombination have occurred during descent of the 2 lineages from their common ancestor. Taken together, our findings support a model in which the evolution of the bipolar mating system was initiated by an ectopic recombination event mediated by similar repetitive centromeric DNA elements shared between chromosomes. This translocation brought the P/R and HD loci onto the same chromosome, and further chromosomal rearrangements then resulted in the 2 MAT loci becoming physically linked and eventually fusing to form the single contiguous MAT locus that is now extant in the pathogenic Cryptococcus species.
Heteronuclear proton assisted recoupling (2011)

We describe a theoretical framework for understanding the heteronuclear version of the third spin assisted recoupling polarization transfer mechanism and demonstrate its potential for detecting long-distance intramolecular and intermolecular (15)N-(13)C contacts in biomolecular systems. The pulse sequence, proton assisted insensitive nuclei cross polarization (PAIN-CP) relies on a cross term between (1)H-(15)N and (1)H-(13)C dipolar couplings to mediate zero- and∕or double-quantum (15)N-(13)C recoupling. In particular, using average Hamiltonian theory we derive effective Hamiltonians for PAIN-CP and show that the transfer is mediated by trilinear terms of the form N(±)C(∓)H(z) (ZQ) or N(±)C(±)H(z) (DQ) depending on the rf field strengths employed. We use analytical and numerical simulations to explain the structure of the PAIN-CP optimization maps and to delineate the appropriate matching conditions. We also detail the dependence of the PAIN-CP polarization transfer with respect to local molecular geometry and explain the observed reduction in dipolar truncation. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of PAIN-CP in structural studies with (15)N-(13)C spectra of two uniformly (13)C,(15)N labeled model microcrystalline proteins-GB1, a 56 amino acid peptide, and Crh, a 85 amino acid domain swapped dimer (MW=2×10.4 kDa). The spectra acquired at high magic angle spinning frequencies (ω(r)∕2π>20 kHz) and magnetic fields (ω(0H)∕2π=700-900 MHz) using moderate rf fields, yield multiple long-distance intramonomer and intermonomer (15)N-(13)C contacts. We use these distance restraints, in combination with the available x-ray structure as a homology model, to perform a calculation of the monomer subunit of the Crh protein.
Ground Fault Location in 2 × 25 kV High-Speed Train Power Systems by (Auto)Transformers Currents Ratio (2020)

High speed trains supply is, nowadays, performed by 2 × 25 kV power systems. If a ground fault occurs, its location and correction are crucial to minimize downtime. One of the methods for locating ground faults in power systems is the impedance method. This was a good solution for 1 × 25 kV railways power systems, as the ratio between reactance and fault distance is linear. However, the use of autotransformers between the catenary, feeder and rails makes this ratio non-linear in 2 × 25 kV configuration. This work presents a novel ground fault location method for 2 × 25 kV power systems. The new method is based on the ratio of the currents of the autotransformers and the substation transformer. The main contribution, compared to previous methods developed, is that this new method is insensitive to the fault current variations produced by the network voltage fluctuations or by the main transformer tap changer position, among others for 2 × 25 kV power systems. The novel approach has been corroborated by numerous experimental tests in the laboratory and computer simulations, with satisfactory results.
Discovery and Optimization of New ZnO‐Based Phosphors Using a Combinatorial Method (2003)

Abstract The combinatorial method, which was exclusively employed for the drug discovery until recently, has invaded the field of inorganic materials and is becoming a key technology in materials science today. Phosphors, with their diversity of possible mechanisms of luminescence, represent a typical example of a field where the combinatorial approach promises to be especially fruitful. Here, we present the results of systematic combinatorial exploration of different binary and ternary ZnO:dopant systems, which resulted in identification of bright luminescence in ZnO:(Y,Eu), ZnO:V, ZnO:W, and ZnO:(W,Mg) systems. Careful “zooming in”, i.e., fabrication and screening of more detailed libraries near the identified promising compositions, allowed us to find optimum phosphor compositions for the above‐mentioned systems. The efficiency of the new phosphors in low‐voltage cathodoluminescence is high and promises their prospective use in advanced flat panel display and lighting applications.
sRNAPredict: an integrative computational approach to identify sRNAs in bacterial genomes (2005)

Small non-coding bacterial RNAs (sRNAs) play important regulatory roles in a variety of cellular processes. Nearly all known sRNAs have been identified in Escherichia coli and most of these are not conserved in the majority of other bacterial species. Many of the E.coli sRNAs were initially predicted through bioinformatic approaches based on their common features, namely that they are encoded between annotated open reading frames and are flanked by predictable transcription signals. Because promoter consensus sequences are undetermined for most species, the successful use of bioinformatics to identify sRNAs in bacteria other than E.coli has been limited. We have created a program, sRNAPredict, which uses coordinate-based algorithms to integrate the respective positions of individual predictive features of sRNAs and rapidly identify putative intergenic sRNAs. Relying only on sequence conservation and predicted Rho-independent terminators, sRNAPredict was used to search for sRNAs in Vibrio cholerae. This search identified 9 of the 10 known or putative V.cholerae sRNAs and 32 candidates for novel sRNAs. Small transcripts for 6 out of 9 candidate sRNAs were observed by Northern analysis. Our findings suggest that sRNAPredict can be used to efficiently identify novel sRNAs even in bacteria for which promoter consensus sequences are not available.
Hydrogenated C60 as High-Capacity Stable Anode Materials for Li Ion Batteries (2019)

There is a need to develop high-capacity, stable anode materials for the next generation of lithium ion batteries that will power consumer electronics and automobiles of the future. This report describes a systematic experimental and theoretical evaluation of a series of hydrogenated fullerenes (C60Hx) for use as high-capacity anodes in lithium ion batteries. It was discovered that there is an optimal degree of hydrogenation for C60 to achieve reversible lithiation. Under the optimized conditions, C60Hx was found to have a stable capacity of 588 mAh/g for over 600 cycles at a current density of 0.05 A/g. Extended cycling studies at higher current densities demonstrated that this material is stable for 2000 cycles. Theoretical modeling of this system determined that electronic structure changes due to hydrogenation is responsible for the favorable interaction of Li+ with C60Hx. This study represents a unique methodology for increasing anode capacity and optimization of an anode’s electrochemical properties by controlling the hydrogen content of the active material.