gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of Two-Layered Aluminum Foam with Closed-Cell and Open-Cell Structures and Shaping of Closed-Cell Layer by Press Forming Immediately after Foaming (2021)

Two-layered aluminum foam consisting of both closed and open cells is expected to improve the functionality of aluminum foam, because the cells have different morphologies and characteristics. In this study, press forming of the closed-cell layer of the two-layered aluminum foam immediately after foaming was performed to shape the closed-cell layer. By measuring the temperatures of the two layers during foaming, we found that it is necessary to use aluminum alloy with a higher melting point for the open-cell layer than that for the closed-cell layer to foam the closed-cell layer. In the press forming experiments, the closed-cell layer could be shaped by press forming while the shape of the open-cell layer was maintained.
Structure and Reactivity of Five‐ and Six‐Ring N, N‐, N, O‐, and O, O‐acetals: A lesson in allylic 1, 3‐strain (A1, 3strain) (1992)

Abstract The X‐ray structures of fifteen 1, 3‐imidazolidine, 1, 3‐oxazolidine, 1, 3‐dioxan‐4‐one, and hydropyrimidine‐4(1 H )‐one derivatives are described ( Table 2 ) and compared with known structures of similar compounds ( Figs. 1–20 ). The differences between structures containing exocyclic N ‐acyl groups and those lacking this structural element arise from the A 1,3 effect of the amide moieties. Even t ‐Bu groups are forced into axial positions of six‐ring half‐chair or into flag‐pole positions of six‐ring twist‐boat conformers by this effect ( Figs. 16–20 ). In the N ‐acylated five‐membered heterocycles, a combination of ring strain and A 1, 3 strain leads to strong pyramidalizations of the amide N‐atoms ( Table 1 ) such that the acyl groups wind up on one side and the other substituents on the opposite side of the rings ( Figs. 4–9 and Scheme 3 ). Thus, the acyl (protecting!) groups strongly contribute to the steric bias between the two faces of the rings. Observed, at first glance surprizing stereoselectivities of reactions of these heterocycles ( Schemes 1 and 2 ) are interpreted ( Scheme 3 ) as an indirect consequence of the amide A 1, 3 strain effect. The conclusions drawn are considered relvant for a better understanding of the ever increasing role which amide groups play in stereoselective syntheses.
Development of a CAD tool for 3D-FPGAs (2010)

This paper presents a newly developed computer-aided design (CAD) tool for 3-dimensional field programmable gate arrays (3D-FPGAs). With this tool, primary inputs/outputs (I/Os) are packed in the configurable logic blocks (CLBs) and placed all over the 3D-FPGA. Moreover, rectangular parallelepiped confinement (RPC) and A-star (A*) search algorithms are applied to perform 3D routing, which is about 9.0 times faster than the one not introducing the algorithms, without degrading the routing quality.
A Computer Assisted Method for Nuclear Cataract Grading From Slit-Lamp Images Using Ranking (2010)

In clinical diagnosis, a grade indicating the severity of nuclear cataract is often manually assigned by a trained ophthalmologist to a patient after comparing the lens' opacity severity in his/her slit-lamp images with a set of standard photos. This grading scheme is often subjective and time-consuming. In this paper, a novel computer-aided diagnosis method via ranking is proposed to facilitate nuclear cataract grading following conventional clinical decision-making process. The grade of nuclear cataract in a slit-lamp image is predicted using its neighboring labeled images in a ranked image list, which is achieved using a learned ranking function. This ranking function is learned via direct optimization on a newly proposed approximation to a ranking evaluation measure. Our proposed method has been evaluated by a large dataset composed of 1000 different cases, which are collected from an ongoing clinical population-based study. Both experimental results and comparison with several existing methods demonstrate the benefit of grading via ranking by our proposed method.
Antegrade Transpulmonary Blood Flow: Essential for Surviving Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (2019)

Napp, L. Christian MD; Burkhoff, Daniel MD, PhD; Westenfeld, Ralf MD Author Information
Robotic-Assisted Latissimus Dorsi Harvest in Delayed-Immediate Breast Reconstruction (2014)

For two-stage, implant-based, delayed-immediate reconstruction of the radiated breast, robotic-assisted latissimus dorsi harvest (RALDH) is a good option for patients who wish to avoid a traditional latissimus dorsi donor-site incision. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes of RALDH and the traditional open technique (TOT) for patients undergoing delayed-immediate breast reconstruction following radiation therapy. A retrospective analysis of a prospective database of all consecutive patients undergoing latissimus dorsi harvest for radiated breast reconstruction between 2009 and 2013 was performed. Indications, surgical technique, complications, and outcomes were assessed. One hundred forty-six pedicled latissimus dorsi muscle flaps were performed for breast reconstruction and 17 were performed robotically during the study period (average follow-up 14.6 ± 7.3 mo). Latissimus dorsi breast reconstruction following radiation was performed in 64 patients using TOT and 12 using RALDH. Surgical complication rates were 37.5% in TOT versus 16.7% in RALDH (p = 0.31) including seroma (8.9% versus 8.3%), infection (14.1 versus 8.3%), delayed wound healing (7.8% versus 0), and capsular contracture (4.7% vs. 0). Robotic-assisted harvest of the latissimus dorsi muscle is associated with a low complication rate and reliable results for delayed reconstruction of the irradiated breast while eliminating the need for a donor-site incision.
Changes in cell fate determine the regenerative and functional capacity of the developing kidney before and after release of obstruction (2018)

Congenital obstructive nephropathy is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children. The contribution of changes in the identity of renal cells to the pathology of obstructive nephropathy is poorly understood. Using a partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (pUUO) model in genetically modified neonatal mice, we traced the fate of cells derived from the renal stroma, cap mesenchyme, ureteric bud (UB) epithelium, and podocytes using <i>Foxd1Cre, Six2Cre, HoxB7Cre</i>, and <i>Podocyte.Cre</i> mice respectively, crossed with double fluorescent reporter (membrane-targetted tandem dimer Tomato (mT)/membrane-targetted GFP (mG)) mice. Persistent obstruction leads to a significant loss of tubular epithelium, rarefaction of the renal vasculature, and decreased renal blood flow (RBF). In addition, Forkhead Box D1 (Foxd1)-derived pericytes significantly expanded in the interstitial space, acquiring a myofibroblast phenotype. Degeneration of Sine Oculis Homeobox Homolog 2 (Six2) and HoxB7-derived cells resulted in significant loss of glomeruli, nephron tubules, and collecting ducts. Surgical release of obstruction resulted in striking regeneration of tubules, arterioles, interstitium accompanied by an increase in blood flow to the level of sham animals. Contralateral kidneys with remarkable compensatory response to kidney injury showed an increase in density of arteriolar branches. Deciphering the mechanisms involved in kidney repair and regeneration post relief of obstruction has potential therapeutic implications for infants and children and the growing number of adults suffering from CKD.
Thermal Transformation of (NH4)[Fe(AsO4)F] into the New Textural Porous Orthorhombic Fe(AsO4) Phase. Crystal Structures, Thermal Behavior, and Spectroscopic and Magnetic Properties. (2005)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Targeted disruption of Zfp36l2, encoding a CCCH tandem zinc finger RNA-binding protein, results in defective hematopoiesis (2009)

Members of the tristetraprolin family of tandem CCCH finger proteins can bind to AU-rich elements in the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs, leading to their deadenylation and subsequent degradation. Partial deficiency of 1 of the 4 mouse tristetraprolin family members, Zfp36l2, resulted in complete female infertility because of early embryo death. We have now generated mice completely deficient in the ZFP36L2 protein. Homozygous Zfp36l2 knockout (KO) mice died within approximately 2 weeks of birth, apparently from intestinal or other hemorrhage. Analysis of peripheral blood from KO mice showed a decrease in red and white cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets. Yolk sacs from embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) Zfp36l2 KO mice and fetal livers from E14.5 KO mice gave rise to markedly reduced numbers of definitive multilineage and lineage-committed hematopoietic progenitors. Competitive reconstitution experiments demonstrated that Zfp36l2 KO fetal liver hematopoietic stem cells were unable to adequately reconstitute the hematopoietic system of lethally irradiated recipients. These data establish Zfp36l2 as a critical modulator of definitive hematopoiesis and suggest a novel regulatory pathway involving control of mRNA stability in the life cycle of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.
Massively parallel screening of synthetic microbial communities (2019)

Microbial communities have numerous potential applications in biotechnology, agriculture, and medicine. Nevertheless, the limited accuracy with which we can predict interspecies interactions and environmental dependencies hinders efforts to rationally engineer beneficial consortia. Empirical screening is a complementary approach wherein synthetic communities are combinatorially constructed and assayed in high throughput. However, assembling many combinations of microbes is logistically complex and difficult to achieve on a timescale commensurate with microbial growth. Here, we introduce the kChip, a droplets-based platform that performs rapid, massively parallel, bottom-up construction and screening of synthetic microbial communities. We first show that the kChip enables phenotypic characterization of microbes across environmental conditions. Next, in a screen of ∼100,000 multispecies communities comprising up to 19 soil isolates, we identified sets that promote the growth of the model plant symbiont <i>Herbaspirillum frisingense</i> in a manner robust to carbon source variation and the presence of additional species. Broadly, kChip screening can identify multispecies consortia possessing any optically assayable function, including facilitation of biocontrol agents, suppression of pathogens, degradation of recalcitrant substrates, and robustness of these functions to perturbation, with many applications across basic and applied microbial ecology.
Temporal Matrix Completion with Locally Linear Latent Factors for Medical Applications (2016)

Regular medical records are useful for medical practitioners to analyze and monitor patient health status especially for those with chronic disease, but such records are usually incomplete due to unpunctuality and absence of patients. In order to resolve the missing data problem over time, tensor-based model is suggested for missing data imputation in recent papers because this approach makes use of low rank tensor assumption for highly correlated data. However, when the time intervals between records are long, the data correlation is not high along temporal direction and such assumption is not valid. To address this problem, we propose to decompose a matrix with missing data into its latent factors. Then, the locally linear constraint is imposed on these factors for matrix completion in this paper. By using a publicly available dataset and two medical datasets collected from hospital, experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves the best performance by comparing with the existing methods.
A Mechanistic Investigation of the Polymerization of Ethylene Catalyzed by Neutral Ni(II) Complexes Derived from Bulky Anilinotropone Ligands (2004)

An extensive mechanistic investigation has been carried out on ethylene polymerizations catalyzed by neutral Ni(II) catalysts derived from bulky anilinotropone ligands. Complexes and precatalysts prepared include aryl derivatives [(2,6-i-Pr(2)C(6)H(3))NC(7)H(4)O(7-Aryl)Ni(Ph)(PPh(3))] (9, Aryl = phenyl(a), 1-naphthyl(b), p-methoxyphenyl(c), p-trifluoromethylphenyl(d)), alkyl derivatives [[(2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))NC(7)H(5)O]Ni(R)(2,4-lutidine)] (16, R = Et (a), n-Pr (b)) and [[(2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))NC(7)H(5)O]Ni(R)(PPh(3))] (17, R = Et (a), n-Pr (b), n-hexyl (c), i-Pr (d)), and the nickel hydride complex [[(2,6-(i)Pr(2)C(6)H(3))NC(7)H(5)O]Ni(H)(PPh(3))], 20. Branched polyethylenes are produced at 40-80 degrees C in toluene with M(n) values in the 100-200K range and molecular weight distributions of ca. 1.4-2.2. Branching ranges from 15 to 64 branches/1000 carbons depending on temperature and ethylene pressure. The electron-withdrawing -CF(3) substituent on the 7-aryl group increases activity but has little effect on branching and molecular weight. NMR experiments establish that in the case of the PPh(3)-substituted systems, the catalyst rests as an equilibrating mixture of the alkyl phosphine and the alkyl ethylene complexes. At high ethylene pressures, the turnover frequency saturates, indicating that the equilibrium has shifted nearly completely to the alkyl olefin complex. Under these conditions, the barriers to migratory insertion were determined to be ca. 16-17 kcal/mol for 9a, 9c, 9d, and 16a. Extraction of 2,6-lutidine from complexes 16a,b yields highly dynamic beta-agostic alkyl complexes [[(2,6-i-Pr(2)C(6)H(3))NC(7)H(5)O]Ni(Et)] 21 and [[(2,6-i-Pr(2)C(6)H(3))NC(7)H(5)O]Ni(i-Pr)] 22. Free energy barriers to nickel-carbon bond rotation and beta-hydride elimination of 11.1 and ca. 17 kcal/mol, respectively, were determined for 22. Themolysis of 17c at 50 degrees C generates hydride 20 and hexene and occurs by two pathways, one independent of [PPh(3)] and one retarded by PPh(3). At much slower rates, hydride 20 reductively eliminates free ligand, which ultimately generates a bis-ligand complex, 25. Catalyst decay under polymerization conditions was shown to occur by a similar process to generate free ligand and a bis-ligand complex formed by reaction of free ligand with an active catalyst species. The major chain transfer route is a simple beta-elimination process, not chain transfer to monomer.
Coordinated regulation of scaffold opening and enzymatic activity during CARD11 signaling (2019)

The activation of key signaling pathways downstream of antigen receptor engagement is critically required for normal lymphocyte activation during the adaptive immune response. CARD11 is a multidomain signaling scaffold protein required for antigen receptor signaling to NF-κB, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and mTOR. Germline mutations in the <i>CARD11</i> gene result in at least four types of primary immunodeficiency, and somatic <i>CARD11</i> gain-of-function mutations drive constitutive NF-κB activity in diffuse large B cell lymphoma and other lymphoid cancers. In response to antigen receptor triggering, CARD11 transitions from a closed, inactive state to an open, active scaffold that recruits multiple signaling partners into a complex to relay downstream signaling. However, how this signal-induced CARD11 conversion occurs remains poorly understood. Here we investigate the role of Inducible Element 1 (IE1), a short regulatory element in the CARD11 Inhibitory Domain, in the CARD11 signaling cycle. We find that IE1 controls the signal-dependent Opening Step that makes CARD11 accessible to the binding of cofactors, including Bcl10, MALT1, and the HOIP catalytic subunit of the linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex. Surprisingly, we find that IE1 is also required at an independent step for the maximal activation of HOIP and MALT1 enzymatic activity after cofactor recruitment to CARD11. This role of IE1 reveals that there is an Enzymatic Activation Step in the CARD11 signaling cycle that is distinct from the Cofactor Association Step. Our results indicate that CARD11 has evolved to actively coordinate scaffold opening and the induction of enzymatic activity among recruited cofactors during antigen receptor signaling.
The Evolving Role of Humans in Weather Prediction and Communication (2022)

Abstract A series of webinars and panel discussions were conducted on the topic of the evolving role of humans in weather prediction and communication, in recognition of the 100th anniversary of the founding of the AMS. One main theme that arose was the inevitability that new tools using artificial intelligence will improve data analysis, forecasting, and communication. We discussed what tools are being created, how they are being created, and how the tools will potentially affect various duties for operational meteorologists in multiple sectors of the profession. Even as artificial intelligence increases automation, humans will remain a vital part of the forecast process as that process changes over time. Additionally, both university training and professional development must be revised to accommodate the evolving forecasting process, including addressing the need for computing and data skills (including artificial intelligence and visualization), probabilistic and ensemble forecasting, decision support, and communication skills. These changing skill sets necessitate that both the U.S. Government’s Meteorologist General Schedule 1340 requirements and the AMS standards for a bachelor’s degree need to be revised. Seven recommendations are presented for student and forecaster preparation and career planning, highlighting the need for students and operational meteorologists to be flexible lifelong learners, acquire new skills, and be engaged in the changes to forecast technology in order to best serve the user community throughout their careers. The article closes with our vision for the ways that humans can maintain an essential role in weather prediction and communication, highlighting the interdependent relationship between computers and humans.
Locale Encoding For Scalable Multilingual Keyword Spotting Models (2023)

A Multilingual Keyword Spotting (KWS) system detects spokenkeywords over multiple locales. Conventional monolingual KWSapproaches do not scale well to multilingual scenarios because ofhigh development/maintenance costs and lack of resource sharing.To overcome this limit, we propose two locale-conditioned universalmodels with locale feature concatenation and feature-wise linearmodulation (FiLM). We compare these models with two baselinemethods: locale-specific monolingual KWS, and a single universalmodel trained over all data. Experiments over 10 localized languagedatasets show that locale-conditioned models substantially improveaccuracy over baseline methods across all locales in different noiseconditions.FiLMperformed the best, improving on average FRRby 61% (relative) compared to monolingual KWS models of similarsizes.
Polynomial-Time Classical Simulation of Quantum Ferromagnets (2017)

We consider a family of quantum spin systems which includes, as special cases, the ferromagnetic XY model and ferromagnetic Ising model on any graph, with or without a transverse magnetic field. We prove that the partition function of any model in this family can be efficiently approximated to a given relative error ε using a classical randomized algorithm with runtime polynomial in ε^{-1}, system size, and inverse temperature. As a consequence, we obtain a polynomial time algorithm which approximates the free energy or ground energy to a given additive error. We first show how to approximate the partition function by the perfect matching sum of a finite graph with positive edge weights. Although the perfect matching sum is not known to be efficiently approximable in general, the graphs obtained by our method have a special structure which facilitates efficient approximation via a randomized algorithm due to Jerrum and Sinclair.
Vitamin B 12 Binders of Chicken Serum and Chicken Proventriculus Are Immunologically Similar (1970)

Two substances that bind vitamin B(l2) are found in chickens, one in the serum and another in the proventriculus. Their molecular weights, as estimated from gel filtration on Sephadex, are approximately 113,000 and 96,000, respectively. Antibody elicitedin ratsagainst the proventriculus binder reacts against both binders.
Printing of small molecular medicines from the vapor phase (2017)

There is growing need to develop efficient methods for early-stage drug discovery, continuous manufacturing of drug delivery vehicles, and ultra-precise dosing of high potency drugs. Here we demonstrate the use of solvent-free organic vapor jet printing to deposit nanostructured films of small molecular pharmaceutical ingredients, including caffeine, paracetamol, ibuprofen, tamoxifen, BAY 11-7082 and fluorescein, with accuracy on the scale of micrograms per square centimeter, onto glass, Tegaderm, Listerine tabs, and stainless steel microneedles. The printed films exhibit similar crystallographic order and chemistry as the original powders; controlled, order-of-magnitude enhancements of dissolution rate are observed relative to powder-form particles. In vitro treatment of breast and ovarian cancer cell cultures in aqueous media by tamoxifen and BAY 11-7082 films shows similar behavior to drugs pre-dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. The demonstrated precise printing of medicines as films, without the use of solvents, can accelerate drug screening and enable continuous manufacturing, while enhancing dosage accuracy.Traditional approaches used in the pharmaceutical industry are not precise or versatile enough for customized medicine formulation and manufacture. Here the authors produce a method to form coatings, with accurate dosages, as well as a means of closely controlling dissolution kinetics.
Scatter Defects and Hall Scattering Factor For The Mobility of Boron In Silicon (2011)

The mobility‐carrier concentration relation for concentrations greater than 1E20 cm−3 B is shown to depend upon the concentration of scattering defects generated near the surface as a function of the doping and annealing process. This contradicts the Masetti model which assigns a fixed relation for each dopant species, without regard for the doping or annealing process used.
MIXED CONVECTION COOLING OF HORIZONTALLY MOUNTED -ED Cmm BOARD (2002)

Mixed convection is a fundamentally significant heat transfer mechanism that occurs in a selection of industrial and technological applications. For example, it is of great interest to thermal designers in the field of electronic cooling. Given that its occurrence is frequent there is a necessity to understand the physics of this fundamental mechanism at board level. Therefore, this paper is concemed with the development of optical measurement techniques for mixed convection, in order to try and improve the current understanding of why, where, and when mixed convection occurs. It is motivated both by a desire to gain an understanding the fundamental physics of mixed convection and to solve design problems in electronic cooling applications where mixed convection often occurs. It is focused on heated horizontal ribs, which are two dimensional approximation of Super Ball Grid Array, mounted on a printed circuit board in cross-flow at a low Reynolds number, high Grashof numbers and at the Prandtl number for air. This paper describes two types of data from a series of experiments. Firstly, a physical description of the flow is discussed through interferometric images and PIV streamlines with the objective of improving the understanding of mixed convection heat transfer from board mounted components. Secondly, explanation is given as to how the mean Nusselt number varies in terms of rib position and power input.