gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaying Strategies for Wireless-Powered MIMO Relay Networks (2016)

This paper investigates relaying schemes in an amplify-and-forward multiple-input multiple-output relay network, where an energy-constrained relay harvests wireless power from the source information flow and can be further aided by an energy flow (EF) in the form of a wireless power transfer at the destination. However, the joint optimization of the relay matrix and the source precoder for the energy-flow-assisted (EFA) and the non-EFA (NEFA) schemes is intractable. The original rate maximization problem is transformed into an equivalent weighted mean square error minimization problem and optimized iteratively, where the global optimum of the nonconvex source precoder subproblem is achieved by semidefinite relaxation and rank reduction. The iterative algorithm finally converges. Then, the simplified EFA and NEFA schemes are proposed based on channel diagonalization, such that the matrices optimizations can be simplified to power optimizations. Closed-form solutions can be achieved. Simulation results reveal that the EFA schemes can outperform the NEFA schemes. Additionally, deploying more antennas at the relay increases the dimension of the signal space at the relay. Exploiting the additional dimension, the EF leakage in the information detecting block can be nearly separated from the information signal, such that the EF leakage can be amplified with a small coefficient.
Experimental Demonstration of Raman Gain Efficiency and Chromatic Dispersion of Hole-Assisted Fiber: Influence of Bend (2007)

The Raman gain efficiency and chromatic-dispersion of a hole-assisted fiber with and without minimum allowable bending radius are measured. Numerical predictions from the theory are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental results.
Calcium-dependent cyclosporin A-sensitive activation of the interleukin-2 promoter by p56lck. (1993)

T-cell antigen receptor engagement results in suboptimal activation of protein kinase C and a prolonged increase in intracellular free calcium concentration. These signals, in combination with stimulation via accessory molecules usually supplied by the antigen presenting cell, activate expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and initiate autocrine growth. The lymphocyte-specific tyrosine kinase p56lck is physically associated with CD4 and is brought into close proximity of the intracellular domain of the antigen receptor by CD4 recognition of the major histocompatibility complex during antigen presentation. p56lck activation enhances and may be essential for antigen receptor signaling. We report that a constitutively active form of p56lck delivers a signal which contributes to IL-2 promoter activation. The signal substituted for a calcium-mobilizing signal in a Jurkat cell model of T-cell activation. The activation was sensitive to EGTA and cyclosporin A, indicating that p56lck functions at an early stage of the calcium-mediated pathway. The transcription factor NF-AT mediated, at least in part, the p56lck activation of IL-2 expression. In addition, activated p56lck synergized with constitutively active p21Ha-ras, which can replace protein kinase C activation, resulting in activation of NF-AT in the absence of external signals.
Technology and image results of a spectral CT system (2004)

We report the implementation and first test results of a two-channel spectral Computed Tomography (CT) prototype. We use an energy-resolving CT detector with a sandwich-like two layer set-up. Compared to dual-energy approaches with tube voltage switching, it yields a low and a high energy channel in a one shot measurement. We explain the basic set-up of the system and its calibration. The effects of spectral weighting are examined and the weighting functions w(E) of the detector channels are calculated. We present spectral image data of a water phantom, a set of calibration materials and an organic sample. Finally, we show how the data can be used for quantitative CT measurements. The system is work in progress and currently not available in the United States.
Heat-Capacity Study of Free-Standing Liquid-Crystal Films (1986)

Results of the first heat-capacity measurements of free-standing liquid-crystal films are presented. The nature of the $\mathrm{smectic}\ensuremath{-}A\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{hexatic}\ensuremath{-}B$ transition of $n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{butyl}\ensuremath{-}{4}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{-}n\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{hexyloxybiphenyl}\ensuremath{-}4\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{carboxylate}$ (46OBC) has been studied for films from about ten to thousands of smectic layers thick. Convolution fitting of thick-film results has given values of the critical exponent and amplitude ratio consistent with bulk-sample fitting results. Thin-film heat-capacity anomalies are asymmetric in shape, in contrast to results for thick films.
Can we reduce the workload of mammographic screening by automatic identification of normal exams with artificial intelligence? A feasibility study (2019)

• There is potential to use artificial intelligence to automatically reduce the breast cancer screening reading workload by excluding exams with a low likelihood of cancer. • The exclusion of exams with the lowest likelihood of cancer in screening might not change radiologists' breast cancer detection performance. • When excluding exams with the lowest likelihood of cancer, the decrease in true-positive recalls would be balanced by a simultaneous reduction in false-positive recalls.
Allelic Variation, Aneuploidy, and Nongenetic Mechanisms Suppress a Monogenic Trait in Yeast (2014)

Clinically relevant features of monogenic diseases, including severity of symptoms and age of onset, can vary widely in response to environmental differences as well as to the presence of genetic modifiers affecting the trait's penetrance and expressivity. While a better understanding of modifier loci could lead to treatments for Mendelian diseases, the rarity of individuals harboring both a disease-causing allele and a modifying genotype hinders their study in human populations. We examined the genetic architecture of monogenic trait modifiers using a well-characterized yeast model of the human Mendelian disease classic galactosemia. Yeast strains with loss-of-function mutations in the yeast ortholog (GAL7) of the human disease gene (GALT) fail to grow in the presence of even small amounts of galactose due to accumulation of the same toxic intermediates that poison human cells. To isolate and individually genotype large numbers of the very rare (∼0.1%) galactose-tolerant recombinant progeny from a cross between two gal7Δ parents, we developed a new method, called "FACS-QTL." FACS-QTL improves upon the currently used approaches of bulk segregant analysis and extreme QTL mapping by requiring less genome engineering and strain manipulation as well as maintaining individual genotype information. Our results identified multiple distinct solutions by which the monogenic trait could be suppressed, including genetic and nongenetic mechanisms as well as frequent aneuploidy. Taken together, our results imply that the modifiers of monogenic traits are likely to be genetically complex and heterogeneous.
Data from The Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Relationships of AZD3229, a Novel and Selective Inhibitor of KIT, in a Range of Mouse Xenograft Models of GIST (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;The emergence of secondary mutations is a cause of resistance to current KIT inhibitors used in the treatment of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). AZD3229 is a selective inhibitor of wild-type KIT and a wide spectrum of primary and secondary mutations seen in patients with GIST. The objective of this analysis is to establish the pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PKPD) relationship of AZD3229 in a range of mouse GIST tumor models harboring primary and secondary KIT mutations, and to benchmark AZD3229 against other KIT inhibitors.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;A PKPD model was developed for AZD3229 linking plasma concentrations to inhibition of phosphorylated KIT using data generated from several &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; preclinical tumor models, and &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; data generated in a panel of Ba/F3 cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;AZD3229 drives inhibition of phosphorylated KIT in an exposure-dependent manner, and optimal efficacy is observed when &gt;90% inhibition of KIT phosphorylation is sustained over the dosing interval. Integrating the predicted human pharmacokinetics into the mouse PKPD model predicts that an oral twice daily human dose greater than 34 mg is required to ensure adequate coverage across the mutations investigated. Benchmarking shows that compared with standard-of-care KIT inhibitors, AZD3229 has the potential to deliver the required target coverage across a wider spectrum of primary or secondary mutations.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;We demonstrate that AZD3229 warrants clinical investigation as a new treatment for patients with GIST based on its ability to inhibit both ATP-binding and A-loop mutations of KIT at clinically relevant exposures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Ultraviolet Biexcitonic Emission from AlGaN Ternary Alloys (2008)

AlGaN三元混晶半導体は紫外線発光デバイス用材料として期待される。このAlGaNの励起子に由来する光物性について報告する。特に励起子分子に焦点をあて議論する。フォトルミネッセンス，時間分解発光，励起スペクトル分光法を用いて評価を行った。励起子分子の発光は広範囲のAlNモル分率で明確に観測された。時間分解発光において発光寿命はAlNモル分率と共に増加を示した。この発光寿命の増加は，Al組成不均一の増加により励起子および励起子分子が局在化することに起因するものと考えられる。さらに2光子の吸収によって励起子分子のストークスシフト量を求めた。このストークスシフト量は局在化の度合いを示唆する。AlNモル分率の増加と共にこのストークスシフト量は増加を示した。これは，励起子分子が局在化されることを示しAl組成不均一が増すことを示唆する。その結果，結合エネルギーの増加が生じることも確認された。
Specific contact resistivity of InGaAs/InP p-isotype heterojunctions (2003)

The authors have examined a possible, important source of parasitic resistance in InP/InGaAs and other heterojunction devices. They have measured the specific resistance of the heterointerface between p-InGaAs and p-InP by means of a modified transmission-line model. It is found that the specific contact resistance, r/sub c/, of these structures increases dramatically when the current is forced to go through the heterointerface. The increase is most dramatic for light to medium doping on either side of the heterointerface. Higher doping reduces the increase, although it is still significant, even for very high doping levels. The effect of inserting a digitally graded bandgap layer between the contact and cladding layers was also investigated. It is found that the heterointerface r/sub c/ drops by an order of magnitude compared to that of the abrupt heterojunction case for the same doping in the contact and cladding layers. The results agree with a model based on thermionic emission. Therefore, very high doping and/or grading of this heterojunction is necessary to obtain very low series resistance in detectors and lasers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CHOLINERGIC SUPPRESSION OF CYTOKINE RELEASE FROM HUMAN MACROPHAGES (2003)

Han, J. L.; Amella, C. A; Tanovic, M.; Wang, H-C.; Yang, H.; Wang, H.; Czura, C. J.; Tracey, K. J.; Al-Abed, Y. Author Information
A Computational Study of Metal-Mediated Decomposition of Nitrene Transfer Reagents (2009)

Metal-mediated decomposition to form nitrene complexes is investigated by using DFT for prototypical organic azides and iodonium imides used in organic synthesis. Each system exhibited exothermic pathways via formation of cyclic intermediates, which decompose to yield LNi = NX + Y (L = bis-phosphine, NX = nitrene, Y = N2 or IPh). Also, the typical heterotransfer reagents used in organic synthesis show a greater tendency toward triplet nitrene complexes and hence the potential for metal-free reactivity than aliphatic and aromatic substituted versions.
Intensity Dependence of Current–Voltage Characteristics and Recombination in High-Efficiency Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Solar Cells (2013)

Solution-processed small-molecule p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with power conversion efficiency of 8.01% are demonstrated. The fill factor (FF) is sensitive to the thickness of a calcium layer between the BHJ layer and the Al cathode; for 20 nm Ca thickness, the FF is 73%, the highest value reported for an organic solar cell. The maximum external quantum efficiency exceeds 80%. After correcting for the total absorption in the cell through normal incidence reflectance measurements, the internal quantum efficiency approaches 100% in the spectral range of 600-650 nm and well over 80% across the entire spectral range from 400 to 700 nm. Analysis of the current-voltage (J-V) characteristics at various light intensities provides information on the different recombination mechanisms in the BHJ solar cells with different thicknesses of the Ca layer. Our analysis reveals that the J-V curves are dominated by first-order recombination from the short-circuit condition to the maximum power point and evolve to bimolecular recombination in the range of voltage from the maximum power point to the open-circuit condition in the optimized device with a Ca thickness of 20 nm. In addition, the normalized photocurrent density curves reveal that the charge collection probability remains high; about 90% of charges are collected even at the maximum power point. The dominance of bimolecular recombination only when approaching open circuit, the lack of Shockley-Read-Hall recombination at open circuit, and the high charge collection probability (97.6% at the short circuit and constant over wide range of applied voltage) lead to the high fill factor.
A hierarchic bonding procedure for the assembly of micro confocal microscope (2012)

The construction of optical micro systems imposes new challenges on assembly technologies. These include the handling of multiple heterogeneous substrates, low thermal budget for the establishment of bonding connections, the accurate alignment of the substrates during wafer stacking and the integration of special components such as discrete optical lenses. In order to address these problems, a hierarchic wafer/component bonding process is proposed for the assembly of a 3-axis confocal scanning microscope. Experiment results indicate that the 9 constitutive components of the microscope, which are made from materials with different thermal expansion coefficients, can be joined together at less than 400°C global temperature. The strength of the achieved bonding is comparable to standard anodic or fusion bonding and can withstand diverse back-end-of-line processes such as dicing or grinding. Besides, the hermeticity of the developed bonding process is validated by monitoring the static deformation of a leak-indicating membrane.
Menstrual-Cycle Dependence of Breast Parenchyma Elasticity: Estimation With Magnetic Resonance Elastography of Breast Tissue During the Menstrual Cycle (2003)

MRE is able to measure a dependence of tissue elasticity on the menstrual cycle.
INCORPORATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS INTO DESIGN OF OLIGO PROBES FOR MICROARRAY EXPERIMENTS (2005)

"Allergy" is a term often used by patients to describe symptoms that arise after eating. The term "adverse reaction to food" is preferred unless the event has an immunologic basis. True food allergy, primarily mediated by immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibodies to food proteins, is present in 3% to 4% of US adults. Symptoms range from mild mouth itching ("oral allergy syndrome") to anaphylaxis. The diagnosis is established by history and appropriately performed skin testing or in vitro assays for specific IgE antibodies to the suspected food. Because food-allergic reactions can be fatal, it is important to identify and avoid the causative food. Food-allergic reactions are treated by prompt use of intramuscular epinephrine. Patients may be referred to an allergy/immunology specialist when the diagnosis is uncertain or if avoidance measures are not successful. Investigational therapies may ultimately be preventative or curative.
Effects of muscle fatigue and temperature on electromechanical delay. (1998)

The effect of repeated maximal isometric knee extensions on electromechanical delay (EMD) and associated muscle temperature changes were investigated on seven college aged subjects. The exercise produced a significant reduction in muscle contraction force, rate of force development and muscle conduction velocity, whilst the muscle temperature increased by 2.1 degrees C. The EMD increased from a pre-exercise value of 38.4 (SEM 3.4) ms to 55.7 (SEM 3.4) ms post-exercise. In an attempt to evaluate the effect of muscle temperature on EMD, hot and ice-water bags were placed on the quadriceps muscle to alter muscle temperature. The EMD in isometric maximal knee extension was measured at 38, 36, 34, 32 and 30 degrees C. The results showed that the EMD elongated at muscle temperatures either lower or higher than 36 degrees C. It was speculated that the increased muscle temperature might contribute to 20-25% of the EMD elongation found during the fatiguing intermittent exercise. The information of the effects of muscle temperature on EMD could be useful when evaluating the effects of strenuous exercise, in which a substantial muscle temperature change might occur, on the time delay between myoelectrical activity and force generation.
An Unconventional Cobalt‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Tertiary Nitrogen Compounds to N‐Oxides (2003)

Einfaches Katalysatorsystem, einfache Aufarbeitung: Dies macht die hier vorgestellte, in hohen Ausbeuten verlaufende Oxidation tertiärer Amine gemäß Gleichung (1) zu einer attraktiven, umweltfreundlichen Methode, zumal molekularer Sauerstoff direkt als Sauerstoffquelle dient.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for the Conversion of Secondary and Tertiary Amides to Bridged Orthoesters. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Adaptive Interval‐Based Algorithm for Withholding ICD Therapy During Sinus Tachycardia (2003)

Avoiding inappropriate ICD therapy during supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) while assuring 100% sensitivity for VT/VF remains a challenge. Inappropriate VT/VF therapy during sinus tachycardia (ST) is particularly distressing to the patient because the full sequence of ICD therapies is often delivered. ST or 1:1 atrial tachycardia (AT) with long PR intervals and ST or AT with atrial oversensing of far-field R waves cause the majority of inappropriate therapy in the Medtronic GEM DR (Model 7271) ICD. The goals of the present effort were to define an adaptive interval-based algorithm for withholding VT/VF therapy in dual chamber ICDs during ST and to compare performance of the adaptive algorithm with that of the original ST withholding algorithm in the GEM DR. The adaptive algorithm uses a combination of 1:1 atrial to ventricular conduction pattern, changes in RR intervals and changes in intrinsic PR intervals to establish evidence for or against the presence of ST. Performances of the adaptive and original ST withholding algorithms were compared on 3 databases collected by implanted GEM DR devices. The first database included 684 spontaneous VT/VF episodes. The second database included 216 spontaneous SVT episodes that received inappropriate VT/VF therapy. These databases included up to 2,000 atrial or ventricular sensed or paced events preceding the spontaneous tachycardias. The third database included 320 spontaneous ST/AT episodes for which therapy was appropriately withheld by the GEM DR. Performance of the adaptive algorithm on the third database was predicted rather than directly computed because of record length limitations. VT/VF therapy was classified as "withheld" if evidence of ST remained high for one algorithm (i.e., at least 7 more beats to VT/VF detection) at the point of VT/VF detection by the other algorithm. For the 684 true VT/VF episodes, the original algorithm withheld VT/VF therapy in 5 episodes and the adaptive algorithm withheld VT/VF therapy in 3 episodes. The 95% confidence interval for the difference in VT/VF sensitivity between the adaptive and original algorithms was [-0.5 to + 1.1%]. Twelve of the 320 ST/AT episodes (3.8%) that were appropriately classified by the original algorithm were predicted to receive inappropriate therapy by the adaptive algorithm. However, relative to the original algorithm, the adaptive algorithm appropriately withheld VT/VF therapy for 76 of 216 true SVT episodes (i.e., incremental specificity of 35.2%). For the specific SVT episodes that were the targets for improvement by the adaptive ST algorithm (ST/AT with long PR intervals and ST/AT with intermittent atrial oversensing of far-field R waves), the adaptive algorithm reduced inappropriate therapy by 63.2%.
Monosaccharide mit stickstoffhaltigem Ring, XXXVII. Synthese von 1,5‐Didesoxy‐1,5‐imino‐D‐galactit (1980)

Abstract Das Oximgemisch 3 + 5 der 1,6‐Anhydro‐furanos‐5‐ulose 2 läßt sich bevorzugt zum 5‐Amino‐Zucker 9a der galacto ‐Konfiguration hydrieren. Hydrolyse der Benzyloxycarbonyl‐Verbindung 9b liefert den Zucker 7 mit Stickstoff im Ring, aus dem 1,5‐Didesoxy‐1,5‐imino‐D‐galactit ( 13 ) erhältlich ist.
Load-side Acceleration Control Based on I-P Drive-side Velocity Control and Acceleration Sensor Feedback (2021)

This paper focuses on controlling the load-side acceleration (LSA) of a two-inertia system with the LSA. Here, an LSA control-based system on integral-proportional (I-P) drive-side velocity control is proposed for an industrial robot with mechanical resonance. The LSA control based on I-P drive-side velocity control with a two-inertia system adopts a wideband acceleration sensor capable of acquiring direct current (DC). The proposed structure is similar to that of the control system that adopts the disturbance observer (DOb)-based acceleration control of a single-inertia system as a minor loop. In addition, the proposed LSA control system comprises a drive-side velocity controller and load-side velocity disturbance observer, which are employed to simplify the plant system and, compensate for the velocity disturbance on the load-side, respectively. Furthermore, the limitations of the conventional acceleration controller and the effectiveness of the proposed LSA controller are verified via theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and practical experiments.