gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decentralized Feedback Control of Pumping Losses and NOx Emissions in Diesel Engines (2018)

A novel decentralized control architecture is developed based on a feedback from the pressure difference across the engine which is responsible for the pumping losses and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) flow in diesel engines. The controller is supplemented with another feedback loop based on NOx emissions measurement. Aiming for simple design and tuning, the two control loops are designed and discussed: one manipulates the variable geometry turbine (VGT) actuator and the other manipulates the EGR valve. An experimentally validated mean-value diesel engine model is used to analyze the best pairing of actuators and set points. Emphasis is given to the robustness of this pairing based on gain changes across the entire operating region, since swapping the pairing needs to be avoided. The VGT loop is designed to achieve fast cylinder air charge increase in response to a rapid pedal tip-in by a feedforward term based on the real-time derivative of the desired boost pressure. The EGR loop relies on a feedback measurement from a NOx sensor and a real-time estimation of cylinder oxygen ratio, χcyl. The engine model is used for evaluating the designed controllers over the federal test procedure (FTP) for heavy duty (HD) vehicles. Results indicate that the control system meets all targets, namely fast air charge and χcyl control during torque transients, robust NOx control during steady-state operation, and controlled pumping losses in all conditions.
Organotitanium(IV)-Catalyzed Cyclopolymerizations of 1,2-Diisocyanates and Cyclocopolymerizations of Monoisocyanates with 1,2-Diisocyanates (1996)

1,2-Diisocyanates were cyclopolymerized using CpTiCl2N(CH3)2. Treatment of 1,2-diisocyanatodecane with CpTiCl2N(CH3)2 in THF effected its cyclopolymerization with stoichiometric control over molecular weight and with Mw/Mn ranging from 1.2 to 1.8. IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra of the resulting polymers indicate that the monomer underwent complete cyclization. Studies of the solution properties of poly(1,2-diisocyanatodecane) showed that it maintains a smaller hydrodynamic volume than poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) at equivalent molecular weights. Living poly(n-hexyl isocyanate) was end-capped with blocks of poly(1,2-diisocyanatopropane) and poly(1,2-diisocyanatodecane). TGA and DSC studies of these block copolymers showed that the individual block segments decomposed at the same temperatures as their respective homopolymers. Random copolymerizations of n-hexyl isocyanate with 1,2-diisocyanatopropane and 1,2-diisocyanatodecane were conducted. TGA studies of these macromolecules showed that the decomposition temperature of the copolymer was a function of its 1,2-diisocyanate content, and the incorporation of a relatively high mole percent of the diisocyanate monomer was necessary to observe an increase in the decomposition onset of the copolymer.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Diversity visualization by endonuclease: a rapid assay to monitor diverse nucleotide libraries. (2011)

Many experiments require a fast and cost-effective method to monitor nucleic acid sequence diversity. Here we describe a method called diversity visualization by endonuclease (DiVE) that allows rapid visualization of sequence diversity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products based on DNA hybridization kinetics coupled with the activity of a single-strand specific nuclease. The assay involves only a limited number of steps and can be performed in less than 4h, including the initial PCR. After PCR, the homoduplex double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is denatured and reannealed under stringent conditions. During the reannealing process, incubation with S1 nuclease removes single-stranded loops of formed heteroduplexes and the resulting digest is visualized on agarose gel. The sequence diversity is inversely proportional to the band intensities of S1 nuclease surviving dsDNA molecules of expected size. As an example, we employed DiVE to monitor the diversity of panning rounds from a single-framework, semisynthetic single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) phage display library. The results are in good agreement with the observed decrease in diversity in phage display panning rounds toward the selection of monoclonal scFv. We conclude that the DiVE assay allows rapid and cost-effective monitoring of diversities of various nucleotide libraries and proves to be particularly suitable for scaffold-based randomized libraries.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. PMID: 21185254
Newtonized Orthogonal Matching Pursuit: Frequency Estimation Over the Continuum (2016)

We propose a fast sequential algorithm for the fundamental problem of estimating frequencies and amplitudes of a noisy mixture of sinusoids. The algorithm is a natural generalization of Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) to the continuum using Newton refinements, and hence is termed Newtonized OMP (NOMP). Each iteration consists of two phases: detection of a new sinusoid, and sequential Newton refinements of the parameters of already detected sinusoids. The refinements play a critical role in two ways: 1) sidestepping the potential basis mismatch from discretizing a continuous parameter space and 2) providing feedback for locally refining parameters estimated in previous iterations. We characterize convergence and provide a constant false alarm rate (CFAR) based termination criterion. By benchmarking against the Cramér-Rao Bound, we show that NOMP achieves near-optimal performance under a variety of conditions. We compare the performance of NOMP with classical algorithms such as MUSIC and more recent Atomic norm Soft Thresholding (AST) and Lasso algorithms, both in terms of frequency estimation accuracy and run time.
Effect of Initial HCl Concentration on the Performance of New VES Acid System (2011)

Abstract Viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based self-diverting acid system has been developed for better matrix treatment of carbonate formations. Literature survey indicates that the highly viscous fluid acts as a temporary barrier to reduce further fluid loss into the wormholes and allows complete stimulation of all treating zones. After acid treatment, the viscous fluid is broken by either formation hydrocarbons or pre-flush fluids. However, recent lab work confirmed that a significant amount of surfactant was retained inside the core even when mutual solvent was used. The present study was conducted to better understand these acid systems and determine factors that impact their viscosity build-up and performance inside the carbonate formations. A series of coreflood tests were conducted using carbonate cores at different injection rates. Propagation of the acid, surfactant, and reaction products inside the cores was examined in detail. Samples of the core effluent were collected and the concentrations of calcium, surfactant, and acid were measured. Permeability enhancement and location of any precipitation was detected using CT scanner to the core before and after the acid injection. Material balance was conducted to determine the amount of surfactant that retained in the core. Experimental results show that VES acid was not able to buildup pressure drop across the core when it was injected inside 70 md permeability cores at various acid concentrations and injection rates when only one fourth pore volumes was injected. At high concentration of HCl, Calcium and the surfactant propagated with the same velocity. When low concentration of HCl was employed, Calcium propagated faster. Surfactant retention is higher when the acid concentration and the injection rate were lower. This number could be up to 100%. CT scan confirmed only small and short wormhole branches at the area near the inlet and one wormhole dominated till the end with a decreasing diameter. Reaction rate and extension of wormhole decreased when lower concentration HCl was used and injected at a higher rate.
Domain Swapping and Gene Shuffling Identify Sequences Required for Induction of an Avr-Dependent Hypersensitive Response by the Tomato Cf-4 and Cf-9 Proteins (2001)

Brande B. H. Wulff, Colwyn M. Thomas, Matthew Smoker, Murray Grant, Jonathan D. G. Jones, Domain Swapping and Gene Shuffling Identify Sequences Required for Induction of an Avr-Dependent Hypersensitive Response by the Tomato Cf-4 and Cf-9 Proteins, The Plant Cell, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Feb., 2001), pp. 255-272
Properties of a Human Alpha-Interferon Purified from E. Coli Extracts (1981)

A human alpha interferon, designated HuIFN-alpha A, produced in E. coli by direct expression of cloned cDNA [Goeddel et al., Nature 287, 411--416 (1980)] has been purified from bacterial extracts and characterized. The protein has a molecular weight (19,400 by SDS/PAGE) and amino acid composition consistent with the DNA sequence. The pI was determined to be 6.1. The molecule has a specific activity of 1.5 x 10(8) NIH reference units/mg of protein. The sequence of the first 35 amino acids is identical to that expected from the nucleotide sequence. About 50% of the molecules begin with the expected cysteine, and 50% begin with the initiator methionine which E. coli apparently did not remove efficiently. Analysis of a trypsin digest of the native molecule showed that all four of the molecule's cysteines are involved in disulfide bonds: Cys1 is bonded to Cys98, and Cys29 is bonded to Cys 138.
Quality, Speed, and Scale: three key attributes to measure the\n performance of near-term quantum computers (2021)

Defining the right metrics to properly represent the performance of a quantum\ncomputer is critical to both users and developers of a computing system. In\nthis white paper, we identify three key attributes for quantum computing\nperformance: quality, speed, and scale. Quality and scale are measured by\nquantum volume and number of qubits, respectively. We propose a speed\nbenchmark, using an update to the quantum volume experiments that allows the\nmeasurement of Circuit Layer Operations Per Second (CLOPS) and identify how\nboth classical and quantum components play a role in improving performance. We\nprescribe a procedure for measuring CLOPS and use it to characterize the\nperformance of some IBM Quantum systems.\n
Differential parallel-serial SQIF structures providing high linearity response (2008)

Possible approaches to designs of the high linearity differential SQUID arrays and SQIF structures are suggested and discussed. The spectrum analysis technique has been applied to the problem solution. Differential scheme of two series arrays of interferometer cells with abs(sin(x))-like voltage response has been suggested to meet the requirement on the highly linear voltage response of the structure. The differential coupling allows an automatic cancellation of the even spectrum components that degrade the linearity of the array voltage response. If interferometer cells are replaced by parallel arrays, the parallel-series structure provides much higher performance of the voltage response. The differential structures allow designing of wide-band high-linear amplifiers for gigahertz frequency range. A traveling wave differential amplifier design is suggested to avoid limitations resulting from distributive character of the long series array.
IP=PSPACE (interactive proof=polynomial space) (2002)

It is proved that, when both randomization and interaction are allowed, the proofs that can be verified in polynomial time are exactly those proofs that can be generated with polynomial space. The interactive proofs introduced use only public coins, are accepted with probability one when the prover is honest, require only logarithmic workspace when the verifier is given a two-way access to his or her random tape, and by the use of known techniques can be turned into zero-knowledge proofs under the sole assumption that one-way functions exist.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A dual modality imaging system for impedance tomography with ultrasonically determined boundaries (1988)

Hardware and software for a dual modality imaging system is developed, and the system is applied to data obtained from phantoms. Static impedance tomographic images of translationally symmetric structures are reconstructed. For this purpose the positions of the electrodes placed around the cross section are determined by the ultrasonic time-of-flight measurements. The contrast resolution of the existing system is found to be 20% and the spatial resolution is about 10% of the average diameter of the cross section. In obtaining the impedance images, the 3-D nature of the data is taken into account by adapting a data conversion procedure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Integral Membrane Proteins Can Be Crystallized Directly from Nanodiscs (2017)

Membrane-like nanodiscs (ND) have become an important tool for the cell-free expression, solubilization, folding, and in vitro structural and functional studies of membrane proteins (MPs). Direct crystallization of MPs embedded in NDs would be of high importance for structural biology. However, despite considerable efforts we have been as yet unable to obtain crystals suitable for X-ray crystallography. In the present work, we show that an ND-trapped MP can be transferred into the cubic phase and crystallized in meso. Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) reconstituted into nanodiscs was mixed with a lipidic mesophase and crystallization was induced by adding a precipitant. The resulting crystals diffract beyond 1.8 Å. The structure of BR was solved at 1.9 Å and found to be indistinguishable from previous structures obtained with the protein solubilized in detergent. We suggest the proposed protocol of in meso crystallization to be generally applicable to ND-trapped MPs.
MODULAR DESIGN FOR AUTOMATED PROCESSING OF COMPLEX BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
WILD MONITORING: LINKING PERFORMANCE, PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOMECHANICS LIVE (2012)

Mobile communications are enabling monitoring in the wild: the natural performance environment. This paper presents an overview of the use of the CSIRO Knowledge Experience Network (KEN). KEN Combines wearable sensors with mobile devices and other performance measures to link biomechanics with physiological parameters and performance measures. The system can be used in diverse training and competition environments, as illustrated via examples in laboratory testing, elite training and international competition.
C1 Lateral Mass Screw Fixation in Children: Indications, Outcomes, and Technique in 11 Consecutive Patients (2010)

Introduction: Upper cervical spine stabilization in children can be challenging due to anatomic abnormalities. Many authors have shown C1 lateral mass screws to be safe and effective in adults; however, no large series has been reported in the pediatric literature.
Electrically tunable bandpass filter using solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled with multiple liquid crystals (2010)

An electrically tunable bandpass filter is designed and fabricated by integrating two solid-core photonic crystal fibers filled with different liquid crystals in a double silicon v-groove assembly. By separately controlling the driving voltage of each liquid-crystal-filled section, both the short-wavelength edge and the long-wavelength edge of the bandpass filter are tuned individually or simultaneously with the response time in the millisecond range.
No Correlation Between Clinical Response to CTLA-4 Blockade and Presence of NY-ESO-1 Antibody in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (2009)

Goff, Stephanie L. MD; Robbins, Paul F. PhD; El-Gamil, Mona; Rosenberg, Steven A. MD, PhD Author Information
All-Optical Passive Periodic Sawtooth Filter and its Application to Fast Interrogation of Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array (2012)

We propose and demonstrate a low-cost all-optical passive spectral filter that exhibits a high-resolution periodic sawtooth spectral pattern and its application to fast sensitive interrogation of a fiber Bragg grating sensor array.
Nucleosome breathing and remodeling constrain CRISPR-Cas9 function (2016)

The CRISPR-Cas9 bacterial surveillance system has become a versatile tool for genome editing and gene regulation in eukaryotic cells, yet how CRISPR-Cas9 contends with the barriers presented by eukaryotic chromatin is poorly understood. Here we investigate how the smallest unit of chromatin, a nucleosome, constrains the activity of the CRISPR-Cas9 system. We find that nucleosomes assembled on native DNA sequences are permissive to Cas9 action. However, the accessibility of nucleosomal DNA to Cas9 is variable over several orders of magnitude depending on dynamic properties of the DNA sequence and the distance of the PAM site from the nucleosome dyad. We further find that chromatin remodeling enzymes stimulate Cas9 activity on nucleosomal templates. Our findings imply that the spontaneous breathing of nucleosomal DNA together with the action of chromatin remodelers allow Cas9 to effectively act on chromatin in vivo.
Refinement of the Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria hrpD and hrpE Operon Structure (2007)

The plant-pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria possesses a type III secretion (T3S) system which is encoded in the 23-kb hypersensitive response and pathogenicity (hrp) gene cluster. The T3S system is essential for pathogenicity in susceptible hosts and the induction of the hypersensitive response in resistant plants. In this study, we revisited the operon structure of the right part of the hrp gene cluster. Based on complementation experiments of transposon insertions and reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses, the hrpD operon contains hrcQ, hrcR, hrcS, and hpaA, whereas hrcD, hrpD6, and hrpE belong to the hrpE operon. We determined the transcriptional start site of the hrpE operon and showed that there is a promoter upstream of hrcD containing a plant-inducible promoter box. Conserved secondary mRNA structures in the intergenic region between hrpD6 and hrpE suggest a posttranscriptional regulated expression of hrpE. Based on comparisons of different hrp gene clusters and the analysis of evolutionary rates, we propose that the hrpE transcriptional unit was integrated into the hrp gene cluster at a later time.
The role of dietary antigen in the aetiology of post weaning diarrhoea. (1983)

Experiments were undertaken to investigate whether a hypersensitivity response to dietary antigen might be a predisposing factor in the aetiology of post weaning diarrhoea. The results indicated that: 1. very small amounts of food given to baby pigs before weaning significantly increased the severity and accelerated the onset of the disease; 2. post weaning diarrhoea was dependent upon the presence within the diet of antigenic material; 3. weaning diets containing little antigenic material had less effect upon sucrase levels in the brush borders than did diets rich in antigens. These results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that immune mediated intestinal damage may predispose to post weaning diarrhoea.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical Behavior of RuTi. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hyper-G: An Artificial Intelligence Tool for Optimal Decision-Making and Management of Blood Glucose Levels in Surgery Patients (2019)

Machine learning models are able to accurately predict peak glucose levels during surgery. Implementation of such a model as a web-based application can facilitate optimal decision-making and advance planning of glucose management strategies.
Confocal Imaging through a Multimode Fiber without Active Wave-Control (2019)

We demonstrate a method to reconstruct confocally gated reflection images acquired through a multimode fiber. It requires a series of distinct illumination patterns obtained by varying the proximal coupling of the illumination and enables fast volumetric imaging without physically focusing the light into the sample.
Restoration of the Cellular Senescence Program and Repression of Telomerase by Human Chromosome 3 (1995)

Telomeres, at the end of chromosomes, shorten with each cell division, resulting in cellular senescence. Tumor cells, unlike normal somatic cells, express a telomerase that maintains the telomere length. Deletion of a gene(s) on chromosome 3 is common in human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and reintroduction of a normal chromosome 3 into an RCC immortal cell line restored the program of cellular senescence. The loss of indefinite growth potential was associated with the loss of telomerase activity and shortening of telomeres in the RCC cells with a normal chromosome 3. However, microcell hybrids that escaped from senescence and microcell hybrids with an introduced chromosome 7 or 11 maintained telomere lengths and telomerase activity similar to those of the parental RCC23. Thus, restoration of the cellular senescence program by chromosome 3 is associated with repression of telomerase function in RCC cells.
Precision measurements of micro-patterned thin film thickness using nanometrological AFM (2002)

Precision measurements of micro-patterned thin film thickness using the Nanometrological AFM were carried out. The Nanometrological AFM has a three-axis laser interferometer unit, and length standard-traceable calibration of small fine features can be operated in real scanning time. The micro-patterned thin films were fabricated by wet etching of thermally oxidized film and the thickness of thin films was checked by x-ray reflection measurement. Nominal thickness values of micro-patterned thin films were approximately 10,7,5 and 3nm respectively. Less than 0.5nm standard deviation of thickness was obtained using the Nanometrological AFM.
Nanostructured fabric with robust superhydrophobicity induced by a thermal hydrophobic ageing process (2017)

A robust method to fabricate a superhydrophobic fabric with durable mechanical and chemical properties is reported with selective ion etching, followed by thermally enhanced hydrophobic ageing process, <italic>i.e.</italic> non-chemical finishing.
LSPARCOM: Deep Unfolded Super-Resolution Microscopy (2020)

We present a novel high-density single molecule localization microscopy technique, which combines a classical compressed sensing method with deep learning through an algorithm unfolding procedure, yielding a compact and robust neural nehwork considering domain knowledge.
Supernatural Inflation (1996)

Most models of inflation have small parameters, either to guarantee sufficient inflation or the correct magnitude of the density perturbations. In this paper we show that, in supersymmetric theories with weak scale supersymmetry breaking, one can construct viable inflationary models in which the requisite parameters appear naturally in the form of the ratio of mass scales that are already present in the theory. Successful inflationary models can be constructed from the flat-direction fields of a renormalizable supersymmetric potential, and such models can be realized even in the context of a simple GUT extension of the MSSM. We evade naive ``naturalness" arguments by allowing for more than one field to be relevant to inflation, as in ``hybrid inflation" models, and we argue that this is the most natural possibility if inflaton fields are to be associated with flat direction fields of a supersymmetric theory. Such models predict a very low Hubble constant during inflation, of order $10^3$-$10^4$ GeV, a scalar density perturbation index $n$ which is very close to or greater than unity, and negligible tensor perturbations. In addition, these models lead to a large spike in the density perturbation spectrum at short wavelengths.