gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hepatitis E virus in the endangered Iberian lynx ( Lynx pardinus ) (2022)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen in Europe. In the Iberian Peninsula, wild boar (Sus scrofa) is considered the main wildlife reservoir of HEV. This wild ungulate shares habitat and resources with other potential HEV carriers in Iberian Mediterranean ecosystems, although information about the role of such sympatric species in the HEV epidemiological cycle is still very limited. The aims of the present large-scale, long-term study were: (1) to determine the seroprevalence and prevalence of HEV in both free-living and captive populations of the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus), the most endangered felid in the world; (2) to determine potential risk factors associated with HEV exposure in this species and (3) to evaluate the dynamics of seropositivity in longitudinally sampled animals during the study period. Between 2010 and 2021, serum samples from 275 Iberian lynxes were collected in free-ranging and captive populations across the Iberian Peninsula. Forty-four of the 275 lynxes were also longitudinally sampled during the study period. A double-antigen sandwich ELISA was used to test for the presence of antibodies against HEV. A subset of seropositive samples was analysed by Western blot (WB) assay to confirm exposure to HEV. In addition, serum, liver and/or faecal samples from 367 individuals were tested for orthohepevirus RNA by RT-PCR. A total of 50 (18.2%; 95% CI: 14.1-23.2) of the 275 animals analysed had anti-HEV antibodies by ELISA. Exposure to HEV was confirmed by WB in most of the ELISA-positive Iberian lynxes analysed. Significantly higher seroprevalence was found in captive (33.6%) compared to free-ranging (7.4%) individuals. Within captive population, the GEE model identified 'age' (senile, adult and subadult) as risk a factor potentially associated with HEV exposure in the Iberian lynx. Thirteen (29.5%) of 44 longitudinally surveyed individuals seroconverted against HEV during the study period. HEV RNA was detected in the faeces of one (1/364; 0.3%; 95% CI: 0.0-0.8) free-ranging adult animal sampled in 2021. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the sequenced strain belongs to HEV-3f subtype and shared a high nucleotide sequence identity (97-99.6%) with human HEV-3f sequences from Spain and France. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first survey study on HEV in the Iberian lynx and the first molecular report of HEV-A infection in free-ranging felines. Our results indicate high exposure to HEV-3 in Iberian lynx populations, particularly those kept in captivity. The serological results suggest widespread but not homogeneous circulation of HEV in Iberian lynx populations. Further studies are required to assess the epidemiological role of this endangered species as a potential spillover host of HEV.
Autonomic setup of fog monitoring agents (2019)

The concept of fog computing has emerged driven by the Internet of
Things (IoT) due to the need of handling the data generated from the
end-user devices. The term fog is referred to any networked
computational resource in the continuum between things and cloud. In
fog computing, functions can be stiched together composing a service
function chain. These functions might be hosted on resources that are
inherently heterogeneous, volatile and mobile. This means that
resources might appear and disappear, and the connectivity
characteristics between these resources may also change dynamically.
This calls for new orchestration solutions able to cope with dynamic
changes to the resources in runtime or ahead of time (in anticipation
through prediction) as opposed to today's solutions which are
inherently reactive and static or semi-static. A fog monitoring
solution can be used to help predicting events so an action can be
taken before an event actually takes place. This solution is composed
of agents running on the fog nodes plus a controller hosted at another
device (running in the infrastructure or in another fog node). Since
fog environments are inherently volatile and extremely dynamic, it is
convenient to enable the use of autonomic technologies to autonomously
set-up the fog monitoring platform. This document aims at presenting
this use case as well as specifying how to use GRASP as needed in this
scenario.
Heat Pipe Space Nuclear Reactor Design Assessment. Volume 2. Feasibility Study of Upgrading the SP-100 Heat Pipe Space Nuclear Power System. (1985)

This report investigated the feasibility of upgrading the power of the Heat Pipe Space Nuclear Reactor (HPSNR) system design. The report has also discussed the four primary methods for power upgrading: Increasing the thermal power output to the reactor core, pulse-mode operation, improving the heat rejection, and improving the thermal-to-electric energy conversion. Keywords: Power upgrade; Fuel swelling; Energy conversion; Heat rejection; Reactivity requirements; Pulse mode operation; Steady-state; Fission gas; Release.
Correction for Zhou et al., Polar molecules catalyze CO insertion into metal-alkyl bonds through the displacement of an agostic C-H bond (2019)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
P-E3 Systemic dissemination, including mucosal sites, of cellular immunity elicited by DNA vaccines delivered by intramuscular injection (2014)

Background: Vaccination of macaques with optimized protocols including SIV DNAs and protein induce viral-specific immunity able to delay viral acquisition using a low-dose multiple exposure challenge, and lower viremia during both the acute and the chronic phase of the infection. Methods: MamuA*01+ macaques (4/group) vaccinated by intramuscular electroporation IM/EP with DNA or DNA & protein co-immunization were sacrificed 2 weeks after the last vaccination. The dissemination of cellular responses was analyzed by ICS from peptide-stimulated samples and/or tetramer staining followed by flow cytometry. Results: Macaques developed high levels of SIV-specific cellular responses, which efficiently disseminated systemically into secondary lymphoid tissues, including draining (axillary, inguinal) and non-draining (mesenteric, mediastinal) LN located far apart from the anatomical site of injection, and effector anatomical sites such as liver and lungs. Importantly, although the antigen specific T cells measured in blood were cytotoxic effector memory T cells characterized by expression of CXCR3 and almost complete absence of alpha4beta7 integrin, a high frequency of SIV-specific T cells were found in both vaginal tissue and rectal mucosa, demonstrating that alpha4beta7 expression by SIV-specific T cells detected in blood fails to predict the presence of these cells in GALT. Conclusions: DNA-based vaccines delivered intramuscularly elicit high magnitude, broad and long-lasting cell-mediated responses that efficiently disseminate into the mucosal areas representing the portal of viral entry without the need of mucosal administration of the vaccine. This vaccine regimen could be useful in both preventive and therapeutic vaccination protocols.
Monitoring of Mechanical Behaviors of Composite Shear Fastener Joint (2nd Report, Experimental Study) (2007)

In a structural material of the aircraft, the proportion of composite materials keeps rising more and more because of their excellent properties on specific strength and rigidity. The part where a metallic material is connected to the composite material increases by such circumstances, and how a structural integrity in such a place is secured becomes an important problem. In previous paper, a principle of a method to monitor the mechanical behaviors using axial strain in fastener bolt was proposed. Here, we actually made the fastener with an optical fiber sensor embedded in the shank of a titanium bolt, and applied it to the composite/titanium mechanical shear joint specimens to prove the function of it through the tensile tests. The results are summarized as follows, (1) proposed monitoring method is well available to monitor the load transfer mode around the fastener hole, (2) we can evaluate both the bearing loads acting to the shank of fastener bolt and the interfacial frictional loads between both materials by this method
Biliary candida infection after liver transplantation (2008)

Aims: Infectious complications after liver transplantation (LT) are a main cause of morbidity and mortality. Biliary complications are observed in approximately 15 to 20 percent of recipients and cholangitis in addition may complicate biliary leckage or stenosis. In this prospective study, we evaluated the rate of bacterial and fungal infections in bile samples obtained from patients after LT during ERC, compared to non-transplanted patients.
Modification of Heat-Shock Gene Expression in Drosophila melanogaster Populations via Transposable Elements (2003)

We report multiple cases in which disruption of hsp70 regulatory regions by transposable element (TE) insertions underlies natural variation in expression of the stress-inducible molecular chaperone Hsp70 in Drosophila melanogaster. Three D. melanogaster populations from different continents are polymorphic for jockey or P element insertions in the promoter of the hsp70Ba gene. All three TE insertions are within the same 87-bp region of hsp70Ba promoter, and we suggest that the distinctive promoter architecture of hsp genes may make them vulnerable to TE insertions. Each of the TE insertions reduces Hsp70 levels, and RNase protection assays demonstrate that such insertions can reduce transcription of the hsp70Ba gene. In addition, the TEs alter two measures of organismal fitness, inducible thermotolerance and female reproductive success. Thus, transposition can create quantitative genetic variation in gene expression within populations, on which natural selection can act.
Selecting Semiconducting Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Narrow Bandgap Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Polymers (2015)

Noncovalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes by wrapping them using π‐conjugated polymers is one of the most promising techniques to sort, separate, and purify semiconducting nanotube species for applications in optoelectronic devices. However, wide energy bandgap polymers commonly used in this technique reduce charge transport through the nanotube network. To avoid the formation of insulating barriers between the tubes, challenging procedures for the removal of the polymer from the nanotube walls are necessary. Here, the use of two narrow bandgap polymers based on naphthalene‐bis(dicarboximide) (NDI), namely, poly{[ N , N ′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐ alt ‐5,59‐(2,29‐bithiophene)}, (P(NDI2OD‐T2 or ActivInk N2200 ) and its molecular cousin, poly{[( N , N ′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenedicarboximide‐2,6‐diyl)‐ alt ‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)]‐ co ‐[( N , N ′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenedicarboximide‐2,6‐diyl)‐ alt ‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐(4,4′‐dimethoxybithiophene))]}(ActivInk PE‐N‐73 ), for selecting semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (s‐SWNTs) is demonstrated. The influence of the chemical structure of these polymers on the nanotube selectivity, as well as the effect of residual excess polymer and their band‐gaps, are investigated through optical spectroscopy and charge transport measurements. While the electron transport of the devices fabricated with PE‐N‐73 and N2200 wrapped SWNTs is comparable, a substantial difference is observed in the hole transport. The better alignment of the HOMO level of PE‐N‐73 with that of the nanotubes allows achieving improved p‐type characteristics even with a large amount of residual polymer in the network.
Probing the complexity of miRNA expression across hematopoiesis (2011)

Comment on: Petriv OI, et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:15443-8.
Diverse temporal dynamics of repetition suppression revealed by intracranial recordings in human ventral temporal cortex (2019)

Abstract Repeated stimulus presentations commonly produce decreased neural responses - a phenomenon known as repetition suppression (RS) or adaptation – in ventral temporal cortex (VTC) in humans and nonhuman primates. However, the temporal features of RS in human VTC are not well understood. To fill this gap in knowledge, we utilized the precise spatial localization and high temporal resolution of electrocorticography (ECoG) from 9 human subjects implanted with intracranial electrodes in VTC. Subjects viewed non-repeated and repeated images of faces with long-lagged intervals and many intervening stimuli between repeats. We report three main findings: (i) robust RS occurs in VTC for activity in high-frequency broadband (HFB), but not lower frequency bands, (ii) RS of the HFB signal is associated with lower peak magnitude, lower total responses, and earlier peak responses, and (iii) RS effects occur early within initial stages of stimulus processing and persist for the entire stimulus duration. We discuss these findings in the context of early and late components of visual perception, as well as theoretical models of repetition suppression.
Solid Bonded Films or Monolithic Ceramics in Tracked Chains of Construction Equipments for Wear Management (2004)

Unlubricated tracked chains were realized using soft solid bonded films for the inner wear of the tribosystem of bushing/pin and monolithic ceramic bushings for the outer wear of the tribosystem bushing/sprocket. Both novel approaches were tested on D6 22-to. dozers. Selected solid bonded films and specific monolithic ceramics, offer a potential for simplifying the design, reducing weight and designing a dry-running longlife chain. These results can be further transferred to high-speed running gears or belt drives.
Correction: A Virus-infected, Reprogrammed Somatic Cell–derived Tumor Cell (VIReST) Vaccination Regime can Prevent Initiation and Progression of Pancreatic Cancer (2021)

In the original version of [this article][1] ([1][2]), five immunofluorescence panels in Fig. 3A were incorrect: DE-KPC-Oct4/DAPI, PPLC-KPC-Nanog/DAPI, PPLC-KPC-Sox17/DAPI, PPLC-WT-KP-Nanog/DAPI, and PPLC-WT-KP-Sox17/DAPI. In addition, the legend for Fig. 2E did not provide clarification about the
Object groups may be better than pages (2002)

Argues against trying to solve the problem of clustering objects into disk pages. Instead, the author proposes that objects be fetched in groups that may be specific to an application or user, and that can be computed at fetch time. He briefly describes crystals, which serve to record such groups statically. Finally, I speculate that object fetching may be particularly relevant for providing services to very small machines with limited memory, such as personal digital assistants.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hole mobility enhancements and alloy scattering-limited mobility in tensile strained Si/SiGe surface channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (2002)

Strained Si-based metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are promising candidates for next-generation complementary MOS (CMOS) technology. While electron mobility enhancements in these heterostructures have been thoroughly investigated, hole mobility enhancements have not been explored in as much detail. In this study, we investigate the dependence of hole mobility in strained Si MOSFETs on substrate Ge content, strained layer thickness, and channel composition. We show that hole mobility enhancements saturate at virtual substrate compositions of 40% Ge and above, with peak mobility enhancements over twice that of coprocessed bulk Si devices. These results represent peak hole mobilities above 200cm2/V-S. Furthermore, we demonstrate that hole mobility in strained Si/relaxed Si0.7Ge0.3 heterostructures displays no strong dependence on strained layer thickness, indicating that strain is the primary variable controlling channel mobility in strained Si p-type MOSFETs (p-MOSFETs). We then compare these results to previous studies on channel mobility in strained Si n-type MOSFETs. Finally, we measure channel mobility in Si1−yGey (y=0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4) surface channel MOSFETs under equal tensile strain and directly compare electron and hole mobility degradation due to alloy scattering. In agreement with theoretical predictions, electron mobility is degraded more severely than hole mobility in these heterostructures. Though these heterostructures were capped with very thin strained Si layers to preserve the high-quality MOS interface, electrical measurements indicate that interface state density increases significantly for 30% Ge and 40% Ge alloy channels. Overall, these results demonstrate the possibility of obtaining symmetric electron and hole mobility enhancements in strained Si CMOS technology and present a comprehensive evaluation of heterostructure channel engineering in strained Si p-MOSFETs.
Developing a conversational agent with a globally distributed team (2020)

In this experience report, we discuss the development of a solution that enables conflict-affected youth to discover and access relevant learning content. A team of individuals from a not-for-profit, a large multi-national technology company, and an academic institution, collaborated to develop that solution as a conversational agent named Hakeem. We provide a brief motivation and product description before outlining our design and development process including forming a distributed virtual team, engaging in user-centred design with conflict-affected youth in Lebanon, and using a minimum viable product approach while adapting Scrum for distributed development. We end this report with a reflection on the lessons learned thus far.
Pharmaceutical Calibration, Validation and Qualification: A Comprehensive Approach (2023)

This book covers pharmaceutical validation, calibration, qualification, documentation aspects and discusses the various methods under all these heads.
Nanotube Aerogel Sheet Flutter for Actuation, Power Generation and Infrasound Detection (2014)

Electromagnetic induction (EMI) is a mechanism of classical physics that can be utilized to convert mechanical energy to electrical energy or electrical to mechanical energy. This mechanism has not been exploited fully because of lack of a material with a sufficiently low force constant. We here show that carbon nanotube (CNT) aerogel sheets can exploit EMI to provide mechanical actuation at very low applied voltages, to harvest mechanical energy from small air pressure fluctuations, and to detect infrasound at inaudible frequencies below 20 Hz. Using conformal deposition of 100 nm thick aluminum coatings on the nanotubes in the sheets, mechanical actuation can be obtained by applying millivolts, as compared with the thousand volts needed to achieve giant-stroke electrostatic actuation of carbon nanotube aerogel sheets. Device simplicity and performance suggest possible applications as an energy harvester of low energy air fluctuations and as a sensor for infrasound frequencies.
A Power System Disturbance Classification Method Robust to PMU Data Quality Issues (2021)

Data quality issues exist in practical phasor measurement units (PMUs) due to communication errors or signal interferences. As a result, the performances of existing data-driven disturbance classification methods can be significantly affected. In this article, a fast disturbance classification method that is robust to PMU data quality issues is proposed. The impacts of bad PMU measurements on disturbance classification are investigated by analyzing the feature distributions of deep learning methods. A new feature extraction scheme that uses the univariate temporal convolutional denoising autoencoder (UTCN-DAE) is proposed. It allows encoding and decoding univariate disturbance data through a temporal convolutional network to capture the temporal feature representation and is robust to bad data. Based on the features of the frequency and voltage measurements encoded by the UTCN-DAE, a two-stream enhanced network, i.e., the multivariable temporal convolutional denoising network is proposed to achieve optimal feature extraction of multivariate time series by feature fusion. The classification is performed using a multilayered deep neural network and Softmax classifier. Extensive results obtained on the IEEE 39-bus system as well as a large-scale power system in China with field PMU measurements show that the proposed method achieves the highest classification accuracy and computational efficiency as compared to other deep learning algorithms.
All-optical half adder using an SOA and a PPLN waveguide for signal processing in optical networks (2006)

We demonstrate an all-optical half adder for bit-wise addition of two serial data streams that simultaneously generates Sum and Carry outputs. The module performs the required XOR and AND operations using only two nonlinear optical elements. Difference Frequency Generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide serves as the AND gate and cross-gain modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier is employed to generate the XOR output. Error free operation for RZ data is reported.
SU‐F‐J‐213: Feasibility Study of Using a Dual‐Energy Cone Beam CT (DECBCT) in Proton Therapy Treatment Planning (2016)

Purpose: The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using a dual‐energy CBCT (DECBCT) in proton therapy treatment planning to allow for accurate electron density estimation. Methods: For direct comparison, two scenarios were selected: a dual‐energy fan‐beam CT (high: 140 kVp, low: 80 kVp) and a DECBCT (high: 125 kVp, low: 80 kVp). A Gammex 467 tissue characterization phantom was used, including the rods of air, water, bone (B2–30% mineral), cortical bone (SB3), lung (LN‐300), brain, liver and adipose. For the CBCT, Hounsfield Unit (HU) numbers were first obtained from the reconstructed images after a calibration was made based on water (=0) and air materials (=−1000). For each tissue surrogate, region‐of‐interest (ROI) analyses were made to derive high‐energy and low‐energy HU values (HUhigh and HUlow), which were subsequently used to estimate electron density based on the algorithm as previously described by Hunemohr N., et al. Parameters k1 and k2 are energy dependent and can be derived from calibration materials. Results: While for the dual‐energy FBCT, the electron density is found be within +/−3% error relative to the values provided by the phantom vendor: −1.8% (water), 0.03% (lung), 1.1% (brain), −2.82% (adipose), −0.49% (liver) and −1.89% (cortical bones). While for the DECBCT, the estimation of electron density exhibits a relatively larger variation: −1.76% (water), −36.7% (lung), −1.92% (brain), −3.43% (adipose), 8.1% (liver) and 9.5% (cortical bones). Conclusion: For DECBCT, the accuracy of electron density estimation is inferior to that of a FBCT, especially for materials of either low‐density (lung) or high density (cortical bone) compared to water. Such limitation arises from inaccurate HU number derivation in a CBCT. Advanced scatter‐correction and HU calibration routines, as well as the deployment of photon counting CT detectors need be investigated to minimize the difference between FBCT and CBCT.
A Nanocapsule‐Based Approach Toward Physical Thermolatent Catalysis (2016)

Performance under pressure is utilized as a key concept for colloidal control of reaction kinetics. Barrier nanocapsules containing a catalyst and a low-boiling-point release agent enable a highly desired, adjustable, and distinct non-Arrhenius behavior for thermoset curing.