gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outgoing Multiphonon Resonant Raman Scattering in Be- and C-Implanted GaN (2001)

We have performed outgoing resonant Raman scattering and photoluminescence measurements on as-grown, Be- and C-implanted GaN in the temperature range of 77–330 K. In implanted GaN after postimplantation annealing at 1100 °C, LO multiphonons up to the seventh order were observed with the very strong 4LO and 5LO modes at ∼2955 and ∼ 3690 cm—1, respectively, showing extraordinary resonance behavior. With increasing sample temperature, these two modes significantly decreased and increased in intensity, respectively. The phenomenon is attributed to the variation of resonant conditions due to the shift of the bandgap energy. Meanwhile, the combination of E2(high) and quasi-LO phonons was strongly enhanced by quasi-LO phonon involving and thus the corresponding overtones can be clearly observed even up to the sixth order (m = 6).
Vertical Electrostatic MEMS Aligner with Integrated Silicon Nitride Optical Waveguides (2022)

This work proposes an electrostatic MEMS aligner with the capability of integrating optical waveguides onto its suspended mechanical structure. The proposed aligner, which has a structural silicon layer of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$59\ \mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> , is anchored at two distinct points by a series of low stiffness beams along the anchors axis. A comb drive, upon excitation, can rotate the edge of the aligner vertically toward a point away from the substrate. Therefore, the vertical position of the integrated waveguide can be changed. The behavior of the aligner is studied by simulation and experimental measurements. The experimental results indicate that the aligner can eliminate the initial misalignment of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.350\ \mu \mathrm{m}$</tex> between two integrated waveguides, i.e., one fixed and another moveable, when it is excited with a 90 V DC voltage. As a result, the optical insertion loss is reduced by an average of 3 dB in the wavelength range of 1575 nm to 1605 nm.
Ecology and metabolism of the beneficial intestinal commensal bacteriumFaecalibacterium prausnitzii (2014)

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a major commensal bacterium, and its prevalence is often decreased in conditions of intestinal dysbiosis. The phylogenic identity of this bacterium was described only recently. It is still poorly characterized, and its specific growth requirements in the human gastrointestinal tract are not known. In this review, we consider F. prausnitzii metabolism, its ecophysiology in both humans and animals, and the effects of drugs and nutrition on its population. We list important questions about this beneficial and ubiquitous commensal bacterium that it would be valuable to answer.
Zoonotic encephalitides caused by arboviruses: transmission and epidemiology of alphaviruses and flaviviruses (2014)

In this review, we mainly focus on zoonotic encephalitides caused by arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the families Flaviviridae (genus Flavivirus) and Togaviridae (genus Alphavirus) that are important in both humans and domestic animals. Specifically, we will focus on alphaviruses (Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Western equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus) and flaviviruses (Japanese encephalitis virus and West Nile virus). Most of these viruses were originally found in tropical regions such as Africa and South America or in some regions in Asia. However, they have dispersed widely and currently cause diseases around the world. Global warming, increasing urbanization and population size in tropical regions, faster transportation and rapid spread of arthropod vectors contribute in continuous spreading of arboviruses into new geographic areas causing reemerging or resurging diseases. Most of the reemerging arboviruses also have emerged as zoonotic disease agents and created major public health issues and disease epidemics.
Deep Learning on Synthesized Sensor Characteristics and Transmission Spectra Enabling MEMS-Based Spectroscopic Gas Analysis beyond the Fourier Transform Limit (2021)

Miniaturized Fourier transform infrared spectrometers serve emerging market needs in many applications such as gas analysis. The miniaturization comes at the cost of lower performance than bench-top instrumentation, especially for the spectral resolution. However, higher spectral resolution is needed for better identification of the composition of materials. This article presents a convolutional neural network (CNN) for 3X resolution enhancement of the measured infrared gas spectra using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer beyond the transform limit. The proposed network extracts a set of high-dimensional features from the input spectra and constructs high-resolution outputs by nonlinear mapping. The network is trained using synthetic transmission spectra of complex gas mixtures and simulated sensor non-idealities such as baseline drifts and non-uniform signal-to-noise ratio. Ten gases that are relevant to the natural and bio gas industry are considered whose mixtures suffer from overlapped features in the mid-infrared spectral range of 2000–4000 cm−1. The network results are presented for both synthetic and experimentally measured spectra using both bench-top and miniaturized MEMS spectrometers, improving the resolution from 60 cm−1 to 20 cm−1 with a mean square error down to 2.4×10−3 in the transmission spectra. The technique supports selective spectral analysis based on miniaturized MEMS spectrometers.
Phenotype mining in CNV carriers from a population cohort † (2011)

Phenotype mining is a novel approach for elucidating the genetic basis of complex phenotypic variation. It involves a search of rich phenotype databases for measures correlated with genetic variation, as identified in genome-wide genotyping or sequencing studies. An initial implementation of phenotype mining in a prospective unselected population cohort, the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (NFBC1966), identifies neurodevelopment-related traits-intellectual deficits, poor school performance and hearing abnormalities-which are more frequent among individuals with large (>500 kb) deletions than among other cohort members. Observation of extensive shared single nucleotide polymorphism haplotypes around deletions suggests an opportunity to expand phenotype mining from cohort samples to the populations from which they derive.
Detection of Plaintext Login Information in Firmware (2022)

Many devices with firmware such as the Internet of Things (IoT) provides high levels of convenience, but it introduces the risk of private data leakage. There were reports of some firmware containing hardcoded login information that allows anybody to login to the firmware via the Internet. In this study, we propose a method to detect the user input function and the value comparison function between the user input value and the embedded string for firmware. Finding the user-input function is a very important method because it plays a major role in detecting vulnerabilities in firmware. When an attacker attempts to log in to an IoT device, they enter a password equivalent to the firmware's embedded password, such as strcmp(“password”, user_input_value). In our experiments, we applied our method to 226 real product binaries. As a result, we found two programs that were communicating IDs and passwords in plain text. To the best of our knowledge, both cases have not been reported yet.
Terahertz Near-Field Vectorial Imaging of Subwavelength Apertures and Aperture Arrays (2009)

We present measurements of the complete terahertz (THz) electric near-field distribution, E-x, E-y and E-z, in both the time- and frequency-domains, for subwavelength apertures and subsections of subwavelength aperture arrays. Measuring the individual components of the THz near-field with subwavelength spatial resolution, as they emerge from these structures, illustrates how the field interacts with the apertures. We observe the small but measurable y- and z-components of the electric field for both single apertures and arrays. Resonant contributions, attributed to Bloch modes, are detected and we observe the presence of a longitudinal field component, Ez, within the different array apertures, which can be attributed to a diffractive effect. These measurements illustrate in detail the individual THz field components emerging from subwavelength apertures and provide a direct measure of two important mechanisms that contribute to the net transmission of light through arrays.
Suppression of mutant androgen receptors by flutamide (2009)

Flutamide, with its suppressive effects on mutant androgen receptors, may be an alternative to conventional antiandrogens for hormone refractory prostate cancer.
Generation of UHF band aerial noise in HV substation and its invasion properties into GIS (2008)

This paper describes the GHz order electromagnetic (EM) wave generator we have developed that simulates UHF band aerial noise occasionally measured in HV substation. Using this generator and the model GIS, we investigated the invasion properties of such UHF band aerial noise into the model GIS by changing the location of the generator, i.e. partial discharge (PD) source. As a result, PD-induced EM wave generated outside GIS can invade into GIS inside with GHz order frequency component if PDs were generated near the GIS components worked as an aperture for EM wave.
Evidence of Differential Control of FSH and LH Secretion by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) from the Use of a GnRH Antagonist* (1988)

The differential regulation of immunoactive FSH and LH secretion by endogenous GnRH was studied using a GnRH antagonist, [Ac-D2Nal1,D4FPhe2,DTrp3,DArg6]GnRH (the NAL-ARG antagonist), in normal women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, and their responses were compared to those in two groups of control women. Pulsatile LH secretion was examined as an index of the completeness of blockade of endogenous GnRH secretion. There was a dose-dependent decrease in both the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses. At the highest dose, LH pulses were completely abolished within 20 min after sc administration of the GnRH antagonist and for a minimum of 8 h in all women. The mean plasma LH levels were reduced within the first 4 h after antagonist administration at all doses (P less than 0.001). The duration of LH suppression was influenced by antagonist dose, with a continued effect 24 h after administration of the 500 micrograms/kg dose only. The maximum degree of LH suppression was 40% after 50 micrograms/kg (n = 6), 60% after 150 micrograms/kg (n = 6), and 59% after 500 micrograms/kg (n = 5). In contrast, plasma immunoreactive FSH levels did not change after these doses of the NAL-ARG GnRH antagonist. The maximum degree of FSH suppression was 16%, and the changes in plasma FSH concentrations were not dose dependent. Serum antagonist concentrations rose within 30 min after its administration to mean peak levels of 7.5 +/- 2.1 (+/- SE), 20.4 +/- 6.1, and 151 +/- 21 ng/mL after the 50, 150, and 500 micrograms/kg doses, respectively. The half-time of the disappearance of the NAL-ARG GnRH antagonist from plasma was 8.8 +/- 1.5 h. While there were no effects of antagonist administration on hematological, hepatic, or renal function, three women developed urticaria distant from the site of injection when administered the highest dose. We conclude that blockade of GnRH receptors by a GnRH antagonist 1) effectively antagonizes the action of GnRH, as assessed by its ability to block pulsatile LH secretion and reduce mean plasma LH levels; and 2) inhibits LH release to a considerably greater degree than FSH release, providing further evidence of possible GnRH-independent FSH secretion.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITY OF CO‐ORDINATED LIGANDS PART 18, CATIONIC RUTHENIUM(II) AND OSMIUM(II) COMPLEXES BY ELECTROPHILIC ATTACK ON A PI‐ALLYL LIGAND (1974)

Abstract Die n‐Allyldien‐Komplexe (I) werden nach bekannter Grignardierung von polymerem Dichlorodien‐Ru bzw. ‐Os mit Allyl‐MgCl‐Verbindungen und anschließender Hydrolyse synthetisiert.
NONINVASIVE MUSCLE OXYGEN SATURATION IS CORRELATED WITH LACTATE, NOT SCVO2, IN SEPTIC PATIENTS. (2006)

Soller, Babs R; Soyemi, Olusola O; Landry, Michelle R; Yang, Ye; Walz, J Matthias; Scott, Peter; Heard, Stephen O; Mullen, Marie Author Information
Application of High-Pressure Sliding for Grain Refinement of Al and Mg Alloys (2010)

An earlier study showed that high-pressure sliding (HPS) is effective for grain refinement of pure Al in a rectangular sheet form using the principle of high-pressure torsion. In this study, the HPS is applied for grain refinement of an Al-3%Mg-0.2%Sc alloy and an AZ61 Mg alloy. HPS was conducted under a pressure of 1 GPa with sliding distances of 10 to 30 mm at room temperature for the Al alloy and at 473 K for the Mg alloy The average grain size is ~300 nm for both the Al and Mg alloys, respectively. Tensile tests showed that a superplastic elongation of ~1500% is achieved in the Al-3%Mg-0.2%Sc alloy at 573 K with an initial strain rate of 3.3x10-3 s-1 and of ~600% in the AZ61 alloy at 573 K with an initial strain rate of 1x10-3 s-1.
P2 receptor antagonists prevent synaptic failure and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase1/2 activation induced by oxygen and glucose deprivation in rat CA1 hippocampusin vitro (2011)

To investigate the role of purinergic P2 receptors under ischemia, we studied the effect of P2 receptor antagonists on synaptic transmission and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation under oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD) in rat hippocampal slices. The effect of the P2 antagonists pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonate (PPADS, unselective, 30 μm), N( 6) -methyl-2'-deoxyadenosine-3',5'-bisphosphate (MRS2179, selective for P2Y(1) receptor, 10 μm), Brilliant Blue G (BBG, selective for P2X(7) receptor, 1 μm), and 5-[[[(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl][(1S)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalenyl]amino]carbonyl]-1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (A-317491, selective for P2X(3) receptor, 10 μm), and of the newly synthesized P2X(3) receptor antagonists 2-amino-9-(5-iodo-2-isopropyl-4-methoxybenzyl)adenine (PX21, 1 μm) and 2-amino-9-(5-iodo-2-isopropyl-4-methoxybenzyl)-N( 6)-methyladenine (PX24, 1 μm), on the depression of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) and anoxic depolarization (AD) elicited by 7 min of OGD were evaluated. All antagonists significantly prevented these effects. The extent of CA1 cell injury was assessed 3 h after the end of 7 min of OGD by propidium iodide staining. Substantial CA1 pyramidal neuronal damage, detected in untreated slices exposed to OGD injury, was significantly prevented by PPADS (30 μm), MRS2179 (10 μm), and BBG (1 μm). Western blot analysis showed that, 10 min after the end of the 7 min of OGD, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 MAPK activation was significantly increased. MRS2179, BBG, PPADS and A-317491 significantly counteracted ERK1/2 activation. Hippocampal slices incubated with the ERK1/2 inhibitors 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis(2-aminophenylthio)butadiene (U0126, 10 μm) and α-[amino[(4-aminophenyl)thio]methylene]-2-(trifluoromethyl) benzeneacetonitrile (SL327, 10 μm) showed significant fEPSP recovery after OGD and delayed AD, supporting the involvement of ERK1/2 in neuronal damage induced by OGD. These results indicate that subtypes of hippocampal P2 purinergic receptors have a harmful effect on neurotransmission in the CA1 hippocampus by participating in AD appearance and activation of ERK1/2.
High efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes using a simple device structure (2009)

High efficiency blue phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes have been developed by using a simple device structure. A derivative of spirobifluorene based phosphine oxide was used both as a host and an electron transport layer with an exciton blocking function. A maximum quantum efficiency of 19.2% and a current efficiency of 37.2cd∕A were obtained by using a simple device structure without a hole blocking layer.
Formulation Development of Sustained-Release Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets of Zileuton (1997)

The purpose of this paper was to develop a hydrophilic matrix system for extended oral delivery of zileuton, and study the effects of certain formulation, processing, and dissolution variables on in vitro drug release. Tablet formulations with 60-70% drug and varying release rates were prepared by wet granulation using low and medium viscosity grades of hydroxypropylmethocellulose. In vitro drug release was evaluated using USP apparatus 1. The in vitro drug release from all formulations followed zero-order kinetics and was independent of compression force. In general, the release rate decreased with increasing drug load and higher polymer concentration or viscosity. High-shear granulation also resulted in lower release rate. Accelerated release was observed with increased agitation as well as in the dissolution media with higher surfactant concentration and/or ionic strength. No stereoselective release from the matrix system was observed. The hydrophilic matrix system effectively controlled the in vitro release of zileuton. Matrix tablets with desired release rates can be prepared by adjusting various formulation and processing parameters. The matrix system also has the advantage of simple processing and relatively low cost.
Frequency-Translational Quadrature-Hybrid Receivers for Very-Low-Noise, Frequency-Agile, Scalable Inter-Band Carrier Aggregation (2016)

A frequency-translational quadrature-hybrid receiver is proposed that achieves wideband input matching for a reflective low-noise-amplifier input impedance and enables the realization of wideband, concurrent receivers. Frequency-agile, inter-band carrier aggregation is realized from a single antenna through RF signal sharing and quadrature-hybrid-coupler daisy chaining. A 1.1 V 65 nm CMOS prototype chip is demonstrated that has a sub-1 dB minimum NF, a 12 MHz to 70 MHz RF bandwidth, a +8 dBm II P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , and a -15 dBm B <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> and consumes <;58 mW per channel. The prototypes have been integrated into a demonstration system that features 4-band inter-band carrier aggregation with modulated carriers placed between 0.69 and 2.1 GHz and received with an EVM <;2.8%.
77. DIMERIC NITROXYL CONTRAST AGENTS FOR NMR IMAGING (1984)

Ehman, R. L. MD; McNamara, M. T. MD; Couet, W. BS; Sosnowsky, G. PhD; Lovin, J. MD; Wesbey, G. E. MD; Tuck, L. D. PhD, B.L; Engelstadt, MD; Brasch, R. C. MD Author Information
Miniaturized probe for femtosecond laser microsurgery and two-photon imaging (2008)

Combined two-photon fluorescence microscopy and femtosecond laser microsurgery has many potential biomedical applications as a powerful "seek-and-treat" tool. Towards developing such a tool, we demonstrate a miniaturized probe which combines these techniques in a compact housing. The device is 10 x 15 x 40 mm(3) in size and uses an aircore photonic crystal fiber to deliver femtosecond laser pulses at 80 MHz repetition rate for imaging and 1 kHz for microsurgery. A fast two-axis microelectromechanical system scanning mirror is driven at resonance to produce Lissajous beam scanning at 10 frames per second. Field of view is 310 microm in diameter and the lateral and axial resolutions are 1.64 microm and 16.4 microm, respectively. Combined imaging and microsurgery is demonstrated using live cancer cells.
Cochlear Implantation in Children: The Problem of Head Growth (1986)

Successful implantation in children requires that provision be made for later head growth. The timing and magnitude of this growth was determined by measurements made from high‐resolution computerized tomographic images of developing temporal bones. The temporal bone scans of 103 children of varying ages were studied. The development of the petrous and squamous portion of the temporal bone was at its greatest in the first 2 years of life. The order of magnitude of growth varied with the different axes measured.
Numerical Simulation of Red Blood Cell-Induced Platelet Transport in Saccular Aneurysms (2017)

We present a numerical simulation of blood flow in two aneurysmal vessels. Using a multicomponent continuum approach, called mixture theory, the velocity fields and spatial distribution of the red blood cells (RBCs) and the plasma are predicted. Platelet migration is described by a convection-diffusion equation, coupled to the RBC concentration field. The model is applied to study a two-dimensional straight vessel and multiple two-dimensional aneurysm vessels with different neck sizes. The model accurately predicts the enrichment of the platelets near the wall in the straight vessel, agreeing with the experimental measurement quantitatively. The numerical results also show that the near-wall enrichment of the platelets in the parent vessel highly influences the platelet concentration within the aneurysm. The results also indicate that the platelet concentration within the aneurysm increases with Reynolds number and decreases with a smaller neck size. This might have significance on the formation of thrombus (blood clot) within the aneurysm, which in turn may have a protective effect on preventing ruptures. Based on the success with the problems studied, we believe the current model can be a useful tool for analyzing the blood flow and platelets transport within patient specific aneurysms in the future.
ChemInform Abstract: A Preparation of Unsymmetrical α‐Diketones. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Severity and Frequency of Proximal Tubule Injury Determines Renal Prognosis (2015)

AKI increases the risk of developing CKD, but the mechanisms linking AKI to CKD remain unclear. Because proximal tubule injury is the mainstay of AKI, we postulated that proximal tubule injury triggers features of CKD. We generated a novel mouse model to induce proximal tubule-specific adjustable injury by inducing the expression of diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor with variable prevalence in proximal tubules. Administration of high-dose DT in mice expressing the DT receptor consistently caused severe proximal tubule-specific injury associated with interstitial fibrosis and reduction of erythropoietin production. Mild proximal tubule injury from a single injection of low-dose DT triggered reversible fibrosis, whereas repeated mild injuries caused sustained interstitial fibrosis, inflammation, glomerulosclerosis, and atubular glomeruli. DT-induced proximal tubule-specific injury also triggered distal tubule injury. Furthermore, injured tubular cells cocultured with fibroblasts stimulated induction of extracellular matrix and inflammatory genes. These results support the existence of proximal-distal tubule crosstalk and crosstalk between tubular cells and fibroblasts. Overall, our data provide evidence that proximal tubule injury triggers several features of CKD and that the severity and frequency of proximal tubule injury determines the progression to CKD.
The bandit, a New DNA Transposon from a Hookworm—Possible Horizontal Genetic Transfer between Host and Parasite (2007)

A mariner-like transposon termed bandit has colonized the genome of the hookworm A. caninum. Although MLEs exhibit a broad host range, and are identified in other nematodes, the closest phylogenetic relative of bandit is the Hsmar1 element of humans. This surprising finding suggests that bandit was transferred horizontally between hookworm parasites and their mammalian hosts.