gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
One-Dimensional Silicon/PLZT Spatial Light Modulators (1986)

One-dimensional, optically addressed silicon/PLZT spatial light modulators have been fabricated and tested. A study of theoretical and measured performance, design configurations, and functional flexibility leads to the conclusion that 1-D silicon/PLZT SLMs will find application in optical linear algebra processors, neural net systems, and multiplex holography.
Photonic time crystals: A materials perspective (2023)

Recent advances in ultrafast, large-modulation photonic materials have opened the door to many new areas of research. One specific example is the exciting prospect of photonic time crystals. In this perspective, we outline the most recent material advances that are promising candidates for photonic time crystals. We discuss their merit in terms of modulation speed and depth. We also investigate the challenges yet to be faced and provide our estimation on possible roads to success.
Characterization of a selective AlN wet etchant (2015)

The effects of a selective AlN wet etchant, AZ400K, on the morphology and chemical composition of capped and uncapped GaN surfaces were investigated. After etching an uncapped GaN thin film at 80 °C for 8 h, the surface morphology was unchanged. After an annealing pulse of 1500 °C was applied, AlN-encapsulated GaN surfaces exhibited morphology change due to surface rearrangement. No reaction occurred between the GaN and AlN, preventing the complete removal of AlN. AZ400K was found to completely etch AlN without damaging the underlying GaN film, thus enabling plasma-free processing of power and optoelectronic devices.
Mutagenesis and Gene Fusion by Megaprimer PCR (2003)

Among the many variations of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based mutagenesis procedures, the “megaprimer” method (, , , , ) is probably the simplest and most versatile. The method utilizes three oligonucleotide primers and two rounds of PCR performed on a DNA template containing the cloned gene which is to be mutated. The rationale of the basic method is shown schematically in Fig. 1A, where A and B represent the “flanking” primers that can map either within the cloned gene or outside the gene (i.e., within the vector sequence) and M represents the internal “mutant” primer containing the desired base change. The first round of PCR is performed using the mutant primer (e.g., M1 in Fig. 1) and one of the flanking primers (e.g., A). The double-stranded product is purified and used as one of the primers (hence the name “megaprimer”) in the second round of PCR along with the other flanking primer (B). The wild-type cloned gene is used as template in both PCR reactions. The final PCR product containing the mutation can be used in a variety of standard applications, such as cloning in expression vectors and sequencing, or in more specialized applications, such as production of the gene message in vitro if primer A (or the template sequence downstream of primer A) also contains a transcriptional promoter (e.g., that of SP6 or T7 phage). This basic procedure can be adopted to create site-specific insertions (Fig. 1B), deletions (Fig. 1C), and gene fusions (Fig. 1D). Successful and error-free PCR in the second round often requires special considerations. The reader is, therefore, strongly urged to go through the whole chapter, including Section 4., before proceeding with the actual experiment. Open image in new window Fig. 1. The megaprimer method of site-directed mutagenesis. The general procedure is shown in (A). For insertion (B) and deletion (C) mutagenens, only PCR 1 is shown; the corresponding PCR 2 will use the megaprimer produced in PCR 1 and primer B. The primers A, B, M1, and M2 (as well as the priming strand of the megaprimer, AM1) are indicated by single lines with arrowhead, while the double lines represent the template. For gene fusion (D), the two different genes are shown as narrow and thick double lines. The dots shown on some M primers indicate the desired mutations (base changes) to be introduced into the product via the megaprimer. The primer in (B) (Insertion) and the template in (C) (Deletion) are shown as looped-out, solely to indicate the region to be inserted or deleted; such structures may not necessarily form in actual PCR.
Performance of protected working capacity envelopes based on p -Cycles: fast, simple, and scalable dynamic service provisioning of survivable services (2005)

As an alternative of the Shared Backup Path Protection (SBPP) method, we develop a framework for dynamic provisioning of survivable services based on the use of <i>p</i>-cycles to form a Protected Working Capacity Envelope (PWCE) within which dynamic provisioning of protected services is greatly simplified. Based on <i>p</i>-cycles, the restoration speed of rings is obtained, but with the capacity efficiency of shared-mesh networks. In addition, with PWCE, arbitrarily fast dynamic service demands can be handled with much less complexity (in terms of database dependency and state update dissemination) than under SBPP. Only a simple OSPF-topology view of non-exhausted spans in the envelope is required. If a new path can be routed through the envelope, it is protected by virtue of being routable. This is in contrast to needing a full database of network state so that the end-user can set up a shared backup protection path under SBPP. In addition, dissemination of state updates occurs only on the time-scale of the non-stationary evolution of the demand statistics, not on the time-scale of individual connections. During statistically stationary periods, there is no dissemination of state updates whatsoever with an envelope that is well matched to its load. The PWCE concept thus offers some new tradeoffs between operational simplicity and spare capacity efficiency. The main contribution of this work is the detailed implementation and simulation of test networks operating under PWCE and designed with novel envelope volume maximizing formulations.
Fiber Laser Front-Ends for Next Generation X-Ray Free Electron Laser and Ultrafast Electron Diffraction Facilities (2022)

We present recent developments of Yb-fiber laser front-ends tailored for a variety of special needs for high repetition rate accelerator driven FEL and UED facilities.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Nature of Tumor Control by Permanently and Transiently Modified GD2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells in Xenograft Models of Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell size of T cells engineered with lentivirus or RNA.&lt;/p&gt;
Ovarian Lesions in Carney Complex: Clinical Genetics and Possible Predisposition to Malignancy (2000)

Carney complex (CNC) is a familial multiple neoplasia and lentiginosis syndrome (OMIM 160980, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim) with features overlapping those of other multiple endocrine neoplasias and hamartomatoses, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) in particular. Although a number of patients with CNC and ovarian tumors have been described in individual patient reports, it is unclear whether ovarian lesions constitute a component of the syndrome or are coincidental events. We investigated 18 women with CNC [age at first evaluation, 31.3+/-12.1 yr (mean +/- SD)] prospectively for the development of ovarian tumors over a period of 35.7+/-30.6 months by physical examination and pelvic ultrasonography. They were compared with 11 women (age at first evaluation, 32.9+/-17 yr) who were enrolled under the same protocol (follow up, 32.3+/-25.1 months) and served as a control group. In addition, a registry of 178 women from among a total of 309 patients with CNC was searched retrospectively for any having ovarian tumors. Seven available histological specimens were rereviewed. None of the CNC patients had ovarian tumors analogous to those of PJS. Two patients with CNC in the prospective group developed ovarian tumors and were operated upon. One had bilateral oophorectomy for asynchronous serous cystadenomas. The second patient had a unilateral serous cystadenoma. Resected tumor tissue from both patients was tested for genetic abnormalities of the chromosomal regions to which CNC genetic loci have been mapped. Both showed genomic amplification of chromosomal region 2p16. An additional 10 patients had at least 1 sonogram positive for ovarian cysts. Only 1 of the patients in the control group was found to have a persistent, simple ovarian cyst by ultrasonography. The registry of 178 CNC patients included 4 who had undergone surgery for ovarian tumors. The diagnoses included endometrioid adenocarcinoma (1 patient) and metastatic mucinous adenocarcinoma (the primary site was probably ovarian; 1 patient). In addition, 7 of 12 patients (58%) with CNC, who died of other causes, had ovarian lesions at autopsy. In conclusion, although the same stromal tumor, large-cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor, affects the testes in CNC and PJS, we did not find such tumors in a small population of CNC patients that was studied prospectively or a larger group of CNC patients that was studied retrospectively. The results of our study also suggested that women with CNC commonly develop ovarian cysts and may be at risk for ovarian carcinoma. The chromosome 2p16 CNC locus was involved in ovarian pathology with apparent copy number gain, suggesting that at least molecularly there is some involvement of the CNC gene(s) in these lesions. Although ovarian tumors do not seem to be a major manifestation of CNC, sonography of the ovaries may be part of the initial evaluation for this genetic syndrome in women with CNC; follow-up of any identified lesion is recommended because of the possible risk for malignancy.
Origins of stereoselectivity in the addition of chiral allyl- and crotylboranes to aldehydes: the development and application of a force field model of the transition state (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrigins of stereoselectivity in the addition of chiral allyl- and crotylboranes to aldehydes: the development and application of a force field model of the transition stateAnna Vulpetti, Mark Gardner, Cesare Gennari, Anna Bernardi, Jonathan M. Goodman, and Ian PatersonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 7, 1711–1718Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00059a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00059a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Clinical Significance of Anti‐Ata (1995)

Ata is a high-frequency red blood cell (RBC) antigen. Anti-At(a) has been reported in rare At(a-) black subjects. We report two cases of anti-At(a). A clinically significant anti-At(a) was found in a 26-year-old black woman with systemic lupus erythematosus. The patient had a transfusion reaction with chills and nausea during a RBC survival study, and 95% of the radiolabeled At(a+) RBCs were destroyed within 3 h. A concurrently performed monocyte monolayer assay was strongly reactive. Anti-At(a) thus can cause rapid hemolysis of transfused RBCs, but At(a-) donor units are extremely scarce in rare donor registries. A second patient at our hospital had anti-At(a) which did not affect her newborn. She also had autoimmune disease, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.
Sustained Elevation of Serum Cortisol Level Causes Sensitization of Coronary Vasoconstricting Responses in Pigs In Vivo (2006)

Vasospastic angina is induced by stress, for which cortisol secreted by activated hypothalamic/pituitary/adrenal axis may play an important role. However, direct evidence for this notion is still lacking. In this study, we examined whether sustained elevation of serum cortisol level sensitizes coronary vasoconstricting responses in pigs in vivo and, if so, whether Rho-kinase, which we found is a key molecule of coronary vasospasm, is involved. Oral administration of cortisol (20 mg/kg per day) increased its serum level to that seen in restraint stress in pigs. Thus, we examined coronary vasomotor responses in the following 4 groups: (1) control (without cortisol); (2) cortisol (20 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 9 days; (3) cortisol plus RU38486 (a glucocorticoids receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg per day, p.o.) for 9 days; and (4) cortisol for 9 days followed by 6-week withdrawal. Coronary angiography showed that intracoronary serotonin caused coronary hyperconstriction and reduction in coronary blood flow associated with ischemic ECG changes (coronary vasospasm) in only the cortisol group. All of these responses were abolished by hydroxyfasudil, a specific Rho-kinase inhibitor, in vivo. Organ chamber experiments demonstrated that serotonin concentration-dependently caused hypercontractions of coronary vascular smooth muscle associated with Rho-kinase activation (as evidenced by the enhanced phosphorylation of myosin binding subunit, a substrate of Rho-kinase) in only the cortisol group. All of these responses were again inhibited by hydroxyfasudil in vitro. These results indicate that sustained elevation of serum cortisol level sensitizes coronary vasoconstricting responses through Rho-kinase activation, suggesting the link between stress and coronary vasospasm.
Open Domain Question Answering Using Early Fusion of Knowledge Bases and Text (2018)

Open Domain Question Answering (QA) is evolving from complex pipelined systems to end-to-end deep neural networks. Specialized neural models have been developed for extracting answers from either text alone or Knowledge Bases (KBs) alone. In this paper we look at a more practical setting, namely QA over the combination of a KB and entitylinked text, which is appropriate when an incomplete KB is available with a large text corpus. Building on recent advances in graph representation learning we propose a novel model, GRAFT-Net, for extracting answers from a question-specific subgraph containing text and KB entities and relations. We construct a suite of benchmark tasks for this problem, varying the difficulty of questions, the amount of training data, and KB completeness. We show that GRAFT-Net is competitive with the state-of-the-art when tested using either KBs or text alone, and vastly outperforms existing methods in the combined setting.
Neuropeptide S receptor ligands: a patent review (2005-2016) (2016)

Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a 20-residue peptide and endogenous ligand of the NPS receptor (NPSR). This receptor was a formerly orphan GPCR whose activation increases calcium and cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels. The NPS/NPSR system is expressed in several brain regions where it controls important biological functions including locomotor activity, arousal and sleep, anxiety, food intake, memory, pain, and drug addiction. Areas covered: This review furnishes an updated overview of the patent literature covering NPSR ligands since 2005, when the first example of an NPSR antagonist was disclosed. Expert opinion: Several potent NPSR antagonists are available as valuable pharmacological tools despite showing suboptimal pharmacokinetic properties in vivo. The optimization of these ligands is needed to speed up their potential clinical advancement as pharmaceuticals to treat drug addiction. In order to support the design of novel NPSR antagonists, we performed a ligand-based conformational analysis recognizing some structural requirements for NPSR antagonism. The identification of small-molecule NPSR agonists now represents an unmet challenge to be addressed. These molecules will allow investigation of the beneficial effects of selective NPSR activation in a large panel of psychiatric disorders and to foresee their therapeutic potential as anxiolytics, nootropics, and analgesics.
Stealth Biocompatible Si-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications (2017)

A challenge regarding the design of nanocarriers for drug delivery is to prevent their recognition by the immune system. To improve the blood residence time and prevent their capture by organs, nanoparticles can be designed with stealth properties using polymeric coating. In this study, we focused on the influence of surface modification with polyethylene glycol and/or mannose on the stealth behavior of porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNP, ~200 nm). In vivo biodistribution of pSiNPs formulations were evaluated in mice 5 h after intravenous injection. Results indicated that the distribution in the organs was surface functionalization-dependent. Pristine pSiNPs and PEGylated pSiNPs were distributed mainly in the liver and spleen, while mannose-functionalized pSiNPs escaped capture by the spleen, and had higher blood retention. The most efficient stealth behavior was observed with PEGylated pSiNPs anchored with mannose that were the most excreted in urine at 5 h. The biodegradation kinetics evaluated in vitro were in agreement with these in vivo observations. The biocompatibility of the pristine and functionalized pSiNPs was confirmed in vitro on human cell lines and in vivo by cytotoxic and systemic inflammation investigations, respectively. With their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and stealth properties, the pSiNPs functionalized with mannose and PEG show promising potential for biomedical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Main‐Chain Poly(arylene ether) Phosphonium Ionomers. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Data from MAP9 Loss Triggers Chromosomal Instability, Initiates Colorectal Tumorigenesis, and Is Associated with Poor Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods, Figures, Tables&lt;/p&gt;
An Improved 211At-Labeled Agent for PSMA-Targeted α-Therapy (2021)

α-Particle emitters targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) proved effective in treating patients with prostate cancer who were unresponsive to the corresponding β-particle therapy. <sup>211</sup>At is an α-emitter that may engender less toxicity than other α-emitting agents. We synthesized a new <sup>211</sup>At-labeled radiotracer targeting PSMA that resulted from the search for a pharmacokinetically optimized agent. <b>Methods:</b> A small series of <sup>125</sup>I-labeled compounds was synthesized from tin precursors to evaluate the effect of the location of the radiohalogen within the molecule and the presence of lutetium in the chelate on biodistribution. On that basis, <sup>211</sup>At-<b>3</b>-Lu was selected and evaluated in cell uptake and internalization studies, and biodistribution and PSMA-expressing (PSMA+) PC3 PIP tumor growth control were evaluated in experimental flank and metastatic (PC3-ML-Luc) models. A long-term (13-mo) toxicity study was performed for <sup>211</sup>At-<b>3</b>-Lu, including tissue chemistries and histopathology. <b>Results:</b> The radiochemical yield of <sup>211</sup>At-<b>3</b>-Lu was 17.8% ± 8.2%. Lead compound <sup>211</sup>At-<b>3</b>-Lu demonstrated total uptake within PSMA+ PC3 PIP cells of 13.4 ± 0.5% of the input dose after 4 h of incubation, with little uptake in control cells. In SCID mice, <sup>211</sup>At-<b>3</b>-Lu provided uptake that was 30.6 ± 4.8 percentage injected dose per gram (%ID/g) in PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumor at 1 h after injection, and this uptake decreased to 9.46 ± 0.96 %ID/g by 24 h. Tumor-to-salivary gland and tumor-to-kidney ratios were 129 ± 99 at 4 h and 130 ± 113 at 24 h, respectively. Deastatination was not significant (stomach, 0.34 ± 0.20 %ID/g at 4 h). Dose-dependent survival was demonstrated at higher doses (>1.48 MBq) in both flank and metastatic models. There was little off-target toxicity, as demonstrated by hematopoietic stability, unchanged tissue chemistries, weight gain rather than loss throughout treatment, and favorable histopathologic findings. <b>Conclusion:</b> Compound <sup>211</sup>At-<b>3</b>-Lu or close analogs may provide limited and acceptable toxicity while retaining efficacy in management of prostate cancer.
An MINPIM Structure Mixing Device (1989)

A device of the MINPIM structure is proposed and demonstrated to work as a mixer. It employs two MIS junctions connected face-to face with a reversely biased P-N junction to form two MISS transistors in a series to perform mixing. The device was fabricated in a V grooved structure, and its mixed I – V characteristics are presented.
Cell engraftment, vascularization, and inflammation after treatment of equine distal limb wounds with endothelial colony forming cells encapsulated within hydrogel microspheres (2020)

Injection of microsphere encapsulated ECFCs was practical for clinical use and well-tolerated. The positive ECFC treatment effects on blood vessel density and wound inflammation warrant further investigation.
Production de biokérosène et de biogazole par la voie thermochimique (2016)

La voie thermochimique indirecte est utilisée pour transformer la biomasse lignocellulosique en biocarburants liquides dits &quot;de deuxième génération&quot;. Cette voie consiste en une étape de prétraitement de la biomasse, transformée ensuite en gaz de synthèse par oxydation partielle dans une unité de gazéification. Ce gaz, mélange de monoxyde de carbone (CO) et de dihydrogène (H2), est ensuite conditionné et purifié pour permettre la synthèse d'hydrocarbures par la réaction Fischer-Tropsch. En dernier lieu, les effluents hydrocarbonés sont hydrotraités pour en ajuster les propriétés. Les biocarburants de synthèse ainsi obtenus sont de très haute qualité. En particulier, ils sont exempts de soufre et de composés aromatiques, et peuvent être incorporés dans le pool de carburants conventionnels.
Shikonin Isolated from Lithospermum erythrorhizon Downregulates Proinflammatory Mediators in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated BV2 Microglial Cells by Suppressing Crosstalk between Reactive Oxygen Species and NF-κB (2015)

According to the expansion of lifespan, neuronal disorder based on inflammation has been social problem. Therefore, we isolated shikonin from Lithospermum erythrorhizon and evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of shikonin in lipopolysaccharide (LSP)-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Shikonin dose-dependently inhibits the expression of the proinflammatory mediators, nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) as well as their main regulatory genes and products such as inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and TNF-α in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells. Additionally, shikonin suppressed the LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to regulate the key regulatory genes of the proinflammatory mediators, such as iNOS, COX-2, and TNF-α, accompanied with downregulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The results indicate that shikonin may downregulate the expression of proinflammatory genes involved in the synthesis of NO, PGE2, and TNF-α in LPS-treated BV2 microglial cells by suppressing ROS and NF-κB. Taken together, our results revealed that shikonin exerts downregulation of proinflammatory mediators by interference the ROS and NF-κB signaling pathway.