gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF PRECONDITIONED, MULTIPLE-SPECIES, NAVIER-STOKES MODELS TO CAVITATING FLOWS (2001)

A preconditioned, homogenous, multiphase, Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes model with mass transfer is presented. Liquid, vapor, and noncondensable gas phases are included. The model is preconditioned in order to obtain good convergence and accuracy regardless of phasic density ratio or flow velocity. Both incompressible and finite-acoustic-speed models are presented. Engineering relevant validative and demonstrative unsteady and transient two and three-dimensional results are given. Transients due to unsteady cavitating flow including shock waves are captured. In modeling axisymmetric cavitators at zero angle-of-attack with 3-D unsteady RANS, significant asymmetric flow features are obtained. In comparison with axisymmetric unsteady RANS, capture of these features leads to improved agreement with experimental data. Conditions when such modeling is not necessary are also demonstrated and identified.
Palladiumkatalysierte Synthese von Amidinen aus Arylhalogeniden (2000)

Zinnfreie Dreikomponentenkupplung: Die palladiumkatalysierte Kupplung von Aryl- oder Heteroarylbromiden, primären oder sekundären Aminen und tert-Butylisocyanid liefert pharmazeutisch interessante Arylamidine in hohen Ausbeuten [Gl. (1)]. dppf=1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphanyl)ferrocen; R1/R2=Bu/H, Ph/H, −(CH2)4−.
Analysis of nondispersive time-of-flight transients (1999)

Nondispersive time-of-flight (TOF) photocurrent transients have been described well in the theoretical photocurrent transient equation (PTE) based on the fact that a carrier packet drifts at a constant velocity and is spread by diffusion and the top electrode acts as a reflecting and partially absorbing wall and the counter electrode acts as an absorbing wall. In order to verify the PTE, we try to explain the anomalous behavior of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{k_ex},$ obtained from the time derived from the intersection of the asymptotes to the plateau and tail of the transient, and the tail-broadening parameter ${(W}_{\mathrm{ex}}).$ Using the PTE, we derive both the mobility $({\ensuremath{\mu}}_{k_cal}),$ obtained from a kink in the TOF measurement, and the tail-broadening parameter ${(W}_{\mathrm{cal}})$ as functions of the drift velocity, the diffusion coefficient, and the sample thickness. The dependences of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{k_cal}$ and ${W}_{\mathrm{cal}}$ on the electric field and the sample thickness agree well with those of ${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{k_ex}$ and ${W}_{\mathrm{ex}}.$ These results verify the PTE, and suggest that fitting of the PTE to the TOF transient is a suitable measurement of the drift mobility.
Challenges of Multitouch Interactions on Deformable Surfaces (2012)

When enabling touch interactions on a deformable surface, the user is faced with a number of novel interaction challenges not present on firm surfaces. For example, the material used for the deformable surface can completely change the set of interactions that can be used. In addition, touching with one finger affects the overall shape of surface, and deformation for each touch individually can be hard. In this paper we discuss two prototype systems designed to enable us to study such challenges. We discuss how such challenges also present design opportunities to enhance interaction vocabulary of touch interactions on deformable surfaces and offer guidance to future designers of such interactions.
Meetings: Celebration in colour (1987)

A one:day colour symposium was held at Imperial College in November to celebrate the 80th birthday of Professor W D (David) Wright, the doyen of British colour science. Professor Wright held the chair of applied optics at Imperial College from 1951 to 1973, but he was well known before then as a researcher, teacher and writer.
A geometrical-statistical model for the air-ground channel (2017)

We present a geometrical-statistical architecture to model the air-ground channel. In this paper we focus on the modeling elements influencing line-of-sight path: ground multi-path propagation, antenna effects, and ground shadowing. We validate the channel model against channel sounding data from flight experiments collected in 2013.
New Burst-Mode Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier with Wide Linearity and High Output Power for Uplink Analog Radio-over-Fiber Signal Transmission (2015)

We report the adaptability of the burst-mode erbium-doped fiber amplifier (BM-EDFA) for uplink transmission of sharply rising analog radio-over-fiber (RoF) signals by using long-term evolution (LTE) -Advanced format on a mobile front-haul. Recent drastically increased mobile data traffic is boosting the demand for high-speed radio communication technologies for next-generation mobile services to enhance user experience. However, the latency become increasingly visible as serious issues. Analog RoF technology is a promising candidate for a next generation mobile front-haul to realize low latency. For the uplink, an RoF signal may rise sharply in response to a burst of in-coming radio signals. We propose that a newly developed BM-EDFA is applied for such a sharply rising RoF signal transmission. The BM-EDFA that we designed using enhanced intrinsic saturation power EDF to suppress the gain transient caused by received optical power fluctuations with optical feedback. The new BM-EDFA was designed for a wider linear output power range and lower NF than the previous BM-EDFA. The observed range of received optical power satisfying an error vector magnitude of less than 8%rms achieved over 16dB. We consider that our BM-EDFAs with wide linear ranges of output power will be a key device for the LTE-Advanced RoF uplink signal transmission via optical access networks for the next-generation mobile front-haul.
High‐performance white OLEDs with high color‐rendering index for next‐generation solid‐state lighting (2011)

Abstract— Several white‐OLED structures with a high color‐rendering index (CRI) were investigated for lighting applications. A two‐unit fluorescent/phosphorescent hybrid white OLED achieved an excellent CRI of 95, high luminous efficacy of 37 lm/W, and long lifetime of over 40,000 hours at 1000 cd/m 2 . White‐OLED lighting panels of 8 × 8 cm for high‐luminance operation were fabricated, and a stable emission at 3000 cd/m 2 was confirmed. Quite a small variation in chromaticity in a different directions was achieved by using an optimized optical device structure. With a light‐outcoupling substrate, a higher efficacy of 56 lm/W, high CRI of 91, and longer half‐decay lifetime of over 150,000 hours at 1000 cd/m 2 was achieved. All‐phosphorescent white OLEDs placed on the light‐outcoupling substrate show a high CRI of 85 and higher efficacy of 65 lm/W with a fairly good half‐decay lifetime of over 30,000 hours. With a further voltage reduction and a high‐index spherical extractor, 128 lm/W at 1000 cd/m 2 has been achieved.
High resolution X-ray imaging using amorphous silicon flat-panel arrays (1999)

Two dimensional amorphous silicon arrays are the emerging technology for digital medical X-ray imaging. This paper demonstrates an improved pixel design compared with the current generation of imagers. The geometry of the pixel sensor has been extended from a mesa isolated structure into a continuous layer above the readout structures of the array. This approach improves sensitivity to visible light, and to X-ray illumination when coupled with a conversion phosphor. Furthermore, this 3-dimensional geometry allows for the fabrication of the finest pitch amorphous silicon array yet manufactured, with a pixel size of 64 /spl mu/m square. A test array (512/spl times/640 pixels) has been fabricated and tested which demonstrates the success of this approach.
Polymeric Micelles Targeting Tumor pH (2006)

This chapter introduces polymeric micelles for the triggered release either by slightly acidic extracellular pH (pHe) or by early endosomal pH. Triggered release by tumor pHe may allow localized high-dose therapy, which is effective for sensitive cells. Active intracellular translocation of the micellar carriers via specific interactions, combined with triggered release in early endosomes and endosomolytic activity of destabilized micelle components, has been proven to be effective for treating multidrug-resistant tumors. The high rate of glycolysis in tumor cells, under either aerobic or anaerobic conditions, has been thought to be a major cause of low pHe. The pH-sensitive micelle-with-folate showed a dramatic effect when tested with drug-resistant tumors in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating a cell-kill rate as that of sensitive cells. In a resistant tumor xenograft model in mice, the tumor was regressed by iv administration of the folate-decorated pH-sensitive micelles with less weight-loss of the treated animal than control animals treated by pH-insensitive micelles and free doxorubicin.
Metered signatures: How to restrict the signing capability (2010)

We propose a new notion of metered signatures. Metered signature is an extension of k-times signatures in which a signer can generate only k signatures. However, the restriction of metered signatures can be more elaborate: It can be used k-times every day or to preserve the order of signed messages in some applications. Any violation of this regulation reveals a secret key or the signature on a predetermined message. The applications includes proxy signatures, limited free downloads, and the rating web site. We give two instances of metered signatures: One is based on the computational Diffie-Hellman problem (CDHP) using a bilinear map and the other is based on the RSA problem. In both schemes, the signature and certificate size and the verification cost are constant with respect to k. Further, we show that the proposed metered signatures admit batch verification of many signatures almost at one verification cost with small security loss.
Mitazamo ya utendakazi wa nyiso katika jamii ya watigania (2012)

Tasnifu hii imetolewa ill kutosheleza baadhi ya mahitaji ya shahada&#13;\nya uzamili (M.A) katika Kiswahili katika Chuo Kikuu Cha Kenyatta.&#13;\nAprili,2005, The PL 8701.M8
Selective Cytotoxicity of Low-Density Lipoprotein to Helper T Cells of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma After Photoperoxidation With 8-Methoxypsoralen (1991)

Lymphocyte-containing plasma subjected to photolysis in the presence of 8-methoxypsoralen (methoxsalen, 8-MOP) has previously been shown to be effective against cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and the AIDS-related complex. The mechanism of this effect was thought to involve photoreaction of 8-MOP with DNA, based on certain in vitro experiments. The results of this study suggest a different mechanism. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) from fresh human plasma was photosensitized by addition of 8-MOP and exposure to UV light (mp-LDL), and the reactions of the LDL lipids and the chemical actions induced by these reactions were monitored. In a separate procedure, LDL was peroxidized with hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase (p-LDL). mp-LDL and p-LDL were then tested in cytotoxicity assays on HuT-78 helper T cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. These results indicate that (a) LDL in plasma in the presence of very low concentrations of 8-MOP (200 ng/mL) can be peroxidized by UV light; (b) this photoperoxidized LDL is cytotoxic to helper T cells of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in a dose-dependent manner; but (c) it does not kill normal lymphocytes under similar conditions. The findings also suggest alternative therapeutic strategies for treatment of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, such as direct utilization of peroxidized LDL.
Friction Stir Welding of Tapered Thickness Welds Using an Adjustable Pin Tool (2003)

Friction stir welding (FSW) can be used for joining weld lands that vary in thickness along the length of the weld. An adjustable pin tool mechanism can be used to accomplish this in a single-pass, full-penetration weld by providing for precise changes in the pin length relative to the shoulder face during the weld process. The difficulty with this approach is in accurately adjusting the pin length to provide a consistent penetration ligament throughout the weld. The weld technique, control system, and instrumentation must account for mechanical and thermal compliances of the tooling system to conduct tapered welds successfully. In this study, a combination of static and in-situ measurements, as well as active control, is used to locate the pin accurately and maintain the desired penetration ligament. Frictional forces at the pin/shoulder interface were a source of error that affected accurate pin position. A traditional FSW pin tool design that requires a lead angle was used to join butt weld configurations that included both constant thickness and tapered sections. The pitch axis of the tooling was fixed throughout the weld; therefore, the effective lead angle in the tapered sections was restricted to within the tolerances allowed by the pin tool design. The sensitivity of the FSW process to factors such as thickness offset, joint gap, centerline offset, and taper transition offset were also studied. The joint gap and the thickness offset demonstrated the most adverse affects on the weld quality. Two separate tooling configurations were used to conduct tapered thickness welds successfully. The weld configurations included sections in which the thickness decreased along the weld, as well as sections in which the thickness increased along the weld. The data presented here include weld metallography, strength data, and process load data.
Supplementary Figure 1 from MiR-122/Cyclin G1 Interaction Modulates p53 Activity and Affects Doxorubicin Sensitivity of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from MiR-122/Cyclin G1 Interaction Modulates p53 Activity and Affects Doxorubicin Sensitivity of Human Hepatocarcinoma Cells
GRIN-optics-based hyperspectral imaging micro-sensor (2007)

By utilizing diffractive, refractive and graded-index optics technology, a miniature (1 mm x 1 mm x 2 mm) Computer-Tomography Imaging Spectrometer (CTIS) sensor has been designed with 16 independent optical channels working in a snap-shot mode for hyper-spectral imaging. The designed prototype covers a 400~700 nm wavelength range. One optical channel has been fabricated and characterized. By azimuthally rotating this optical channel along the optical axis and collecting different dispersed images to simulate the full sensor read-out, the full hyperspectral detection scheme has been demonstrated.
Data from Oncolytic Virotherapy Blockade by Microglia and Macrophages Requires STAT1/3 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The first oncolytic virotherapy employing HSV-1 (oHSV-1) was approved recently by the FDA to treat cancer, but further improvements in efficacy are needed to eradicate challenging refractory tumors, such as glioblastomas (GBM). Microglia/macrophages comprising approximately 40% of a GBM tumor may limit virotherapeutic efficacy. Here, we show these cells suppress oHSV-1 growth in gliomas by internalizing the virus through phagocytosis. Internalized virus remained capable of expressing reporter genes while viral replication was blocked. Macrophage/microglia formed a nonpermissive OV barrier, preventing dissemination of oHSV-1 in the glioma mass. The deficiency in viral replication in microglial cells was associated with silencing of particular viral genes. Phosphorylation of STAT1/3 was determined to be responsible for suppressing oHSV-1 replication in macrophages/microglia. Treatment with the oxindole/imidazole derivative C16 rescued oHSV-1 replication in microglia/macrophages by inhibiting STAT1/3 activity. In the U87 xenograft model of GBM, C16 treatment overcame the microglia/macrophage barrier, thereby facilitating tumor regression without causing a spread of the virus to normal organs. Collectively, our results suggest a strategy to relieve a STAT1/3-dependent therapeutic barrier and enhance oHSV-1 oncolytic activity in GBM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; These findings suggest a strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of oncolytic virotherapy in glioblastoma. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(3); 718–30. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Interpretation of biological experiments changes with evolution of Gene Ontology and its annotations (2017)

ABSTRACT Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis is ubiquitously used for interpreting high throughput molecular data and generating hypotheses about underlying biological phenomena of experiments. However, the two building blocks of this analysis — the ontology and the annotations — evolve rapidly. We used gene signatures derived from 104 disease analyses to systematically evaluate how enrichment analysis results were affected by evolution of the GO over a decade. We found low consistency between enrichment analyses results obtained with early and more recent GO versions. Furthermore, there continues to be strong annotation bias in the GO annotations where 58% of the annotations are for 16% of the human genes. Our analysis suggests that GO evolution may have affected the interpretation and possibly reproducibility of experiments over time. Hence, researchers must exercise caution when interpreting GO enrichment analyses and should reexamine previous analyses with the most recent GO version.
The challenge of vaccinating adults: attitudes and beliefs of the Canadian public and healthcare providers (2015)

Despite guidelines for adult vaccination, there are substantial gaps in knowledge and attitudes and beliefs among both the public and healthcare providers that lead to low vaccine coverage. A systematic approach that involves education, elimination of barriers and establishing and improving infrastructure for adult immunisation is required.
Digital patient assistants: privacy vs cost in compulsory health insurance (1998)

Many countries have a compulsory health insurance system. Compulsory health insurers charge income-related fees as opposed to private health insurers who charge risk-related fees. Compulsory health insurance is based on solidarity among policy holders and can give them more privacy than any private health insurer can. As an example, the present paper considers the German health insurance system, and discusses how the charging and clearing of medical services can be implemented so as to support both the legitimate privacy interests of patients and physicians and the health insurer’s interest to control the overall cost. A cryptographic solution is presented that is based on digital patient assistants, that is, personal palmtop computers, organizers or personal digital assistants (PDAs). Patients are, therefore, able to manage their own health insurance certificates, referrals and prescriptions. Although still too expensive for large-scale introduction, digital patient assistants have a number of significant advantages over any chip-card or paper-based system: (1) significantly more efficient and reliable data communication between the various health-care providers involved in treatment; (2) real patient privacy through direct and off-line communication between digital patient assistants and physicians’ practices; and (3) a huge potential to develop telemedicine in a privacy oriented way. Finally, one possible implementation is presented in more detail. The paper also shows how compulsory health insurers can use this solution to control their overall costs.
A chiral electrooptic response in a racemic liquid crystal (2005)

Over recent years, little attention has been paid to the electrooptic properties of racemic modifications of smectic liquid crystals, however, in this communication we report on a chiral response of a racemic modification to an applied electrical field while in its synclinic smectic C phase.
Tratamento atual de crianças com asma crítica e quase fatal (2016)

RESUMO A asma é a mais comum das doenças da infância. Embora a maioria das crianças com exacerbações agudas de asma não demanda cuidados críticos, algumas delas não respondem ao tratamento padrão e necessitam de cuidados mais intensos. Crianças com asma crítica ou quase fatal precisam de monitoramento estrito quanto à deterioração e podem requerer estratégias terapêuticas agressivas. Esta revisão examinou as evidências disponíveis que dão suporte a terapias para asma crítica e quase fatal, e resumiu o cuidado clínico atual para essas crianças. O tratamento típico inclui uso parenteral de corticosteroides e fármacos beta-agonistas, por via inalatória ou intravenosa. Para crianças com resposta inadequada ao tratamento padrão, pode-se lançar mão do uso inalatório de brometo de ipratrópio ou intravenoso de sulfato de magnésio, metilxantinas e misturas gasosas com hélio, além de suporte ventilatório mecânico não invasivo. Pacientes com insuficiência respiratória progressiva se beneficiam de ventilação mecânica com uma estratégia que emprega grandes volumes correntes e baixas frequências do ventilador, para minimizar a hiperinsuflação dinâmica, o barotrauma e a hipotensão. Sedativos, analgésicos e bloqueadores neuromusculares são frequentemente necessários na fase inicial do tratamento para facilitar um estado de hipoventilação controlada e hipercapnia permissiva. Pacientes que não conseguem melhorar com a ventilação mecânica podem ser considerados para abordagens menos comuns, como inalação de anestésicos, broncoscopia e suporte extracorpóreo à vida. Esta abordagem atual resultou em taxas de mortalidade extremamente baixas, mesmo em crianças com necessidade de suporte mecânico.
A Scanning Frequency Mode for Ion Cyclotron Mobility Spectrometry (2010)

A new operational mode for an ion cyclotron mobility spectrometry instrument is explored as a possible means of performing high-resolution separations. The approach is based on oscillating fields that are applied to segmented regions of a circular drift tube. Ions with mobilities that are resonant with the frequency of field application are transmitted while nonresonant species are eliminated. An ion mobility spectrum is obtained by scanning the drift field application frequency. The approach is demonstrated by examining mixtures of ions produced by electrospraying the substance P peptide, as well as a mixture of tryptic peptides obtained by enzymatic digestion of cytochrome c. Drift field application frequency scans of substance P peptide ions show that it is possible to separate [M+2H](2+) ions, and compact and elongated forms of [M+3H](3+) ions. The resolution of different ions is related to the number of cycles for the analysis. At high cycle numbers (>50 3/4 or a drift length of 9242.03 cm) values of the resolving power can exceed 300 with a maximum resolving power of ∼400. The ability to tune the resolving power of a mobility-based separation by varying the ion cycle number has substantial analytical utility.
Quantitative Characterization of Plasma-Induced Defect Generation Process in Exposed Thin Si Surface Layers (2007)

The defect generation process in Si surface layer induced by plasma exposures is studied by two optical analyses, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and photoreflectance spectroscopy (PR). Two plasma sources with Ar-gas mixtures are employed; one is DC plasma and the other, electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma. In the case of Ar-DC plasma exposure with 300 V bias, the SE analysis with an optimized optical model determines 1-nm-thick interfacial layer (IL) between the surface layer and the substrate, while in the case of the ECR, approximately 0.5-nm-thick interfacial layer is identified. This difference is attributed to that in self-bias voltages (Vdc) between two plasma sources. In order to quantify the damage, we have modified the PR analysis technique in order to evaluate the plasma-induced carrier trap site density, by correlating the Si surface potential change to the trapped carrier density. Combined with the results by plasma diagnostics, we found that the calculated defect generation probabilities by an impinging ion were the orders of 10-2 and 10-5 in the present DC and ECR plasma conditions, respectively, and that the probability depends on the Vdc. The obtained results enable us to predict the plasma-induced physical damage to the devices in advance at the stage of plasma process designs.