gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Radiolabeled Antibody Fragments for Tumor-Selective Radioactivity Localization-Brush Border Enzyme-Sensitive Bond to Decrease Renal Accumulation of Radioactivity (2003)

Nonspecific renal radioactivity localization constitutes a problem in targeted imaging and therapy with radiolabeled antibody fragments. Based on the idea that the renal radioactivity levels should be reduced if radiolabeled compounds excreted in the urine are released from antibody fragments by tubular brush border enzymes, 3'-iodohippuryl N epsilon-maleoyl-L-lysine (HML) was designed as a radioiodination reagent for antibody fragments; the glycyl-lysine sequence in HML is a substrate for a brush border enzyme and m-iodohippuric acid is released by cleavage of the linkage. In normal mice, HML-conjugated Fab demonstrated low renal radioactivity levels from early postinjection times. Directly radioiodinated Fab showed migration of radioactivity from the membrane to the lysosomal fraction of the renal cells from 10 to 30 min postinjection. On the other hand, the majority of the radioactivity was detected only in the membrane fraction after injection of HML-conjugated Fab. In tumor-bearing mice, HML-conjugated Fab showed a marked decrease in renal radioactivity localization without impairing the tumor accumulation. These findings indicate that HML is a useful reagent for reducing the renal radioactivity levels of antibody fragments.
Prestructured MALDI-MS Sample Supports (2000)

Prestructured MALDI-MS sample supports have been developed that simplify high-throughput analysis of biomolecules and improve the detection sensitivity. The mass spectrometric sample support is coated with a thin layer of hydrophobic Teflon that carries an array of 200-microm gold spots, which provide hydrophilic sample anchors. Each transferred sample droplet contacts one anchor, on top of which, after solvent evaporation, the sample is exclusively deposited due to the strongly water repellent nature of the Teflon surface. The initial matrix concentration is kept low, enabling sample up-concentration by more than 2 orders of magnitudes before crystallization commences. As a result, the detection sensitivity is improved as documented by mass spectra recorded from 100 amol of various peptides, 1 fmol of a DNA 20 mer, and 5 fmol of a 130 bp PCR product. Size and spacing of the hydrophilic anchors are optimized for MALDI-MS performance (sample spot size approximately = laser irradiation spot size), for short analysis times (predetermined sample coordinates), and for high throughput sample preparation (sample anchor array according to the 1536 microtiter plate format).
Competition between InP and In2O3 islands during the growth of InP on SrTiO3 (2008)

A study of the growth of InP islands on SrTiO3 (STO) substrates is presented. The nature and crystal orientation of the islands strongly depend on the growth temperature: below 410 °C, both InP and In2O3 islands coexist, while InP islands alone are formed above this temperature. InP islands are randomly oriented in the low growth temperature range and adopt an equilibrium orientation defined by [111]InP∥[001]STO in the growth direction and [110]InP∥[100]STO in the growth plane between 410 and 475 °C. This study highlights the complexity of the growth of InP on STO, which results from a combined influence of interface chemistry and crystallographic properties as well as of the nucleation kinetics.
Smaller is Better! Perspectives on Micromotors and Electric Drives (2003)

Some fundamental constraints on the performance of micromotor technology have been discussed. Several aspects of performance were explored, including energy density, force density, size, constraints on motor-drive circuitry, motor topologies, and friction. Analysis shows that electrostatic machines have advantages as microfabrication processes achieve finer resolution, and, in fact, can exceed the energy and force density capabilities of conventional magnetic machines at small enough scales. Major thrusts for electric drive theory to be applied are in control, topology optimization, and machine testing.
Increasing Context for Estimating Confidence Scores in Automatic Speech Recognition (2022)

Accurate confidence measures for predictions from machine learning techniques play a critical role in the deployment and training of many speech and language processing applications. For example, confidence scores are important when making use of automatically generated transcriptions in training automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, as well as down-stream applications, such as information retrieval and conversational assistants. Previous work on improving confidence scores for these systems has focused on two main directions: designing features correlated with improved confidence prediction; and employing sequence models to account for the importance of contextual information. Few studies, however, have explored incorporating contextual information more broadly, such as from the future, in addition to the past, or making use of alternative multiple hypotheses in addition to the most likely one. This article introduces two general approaches for encapsulating contextual information from lattices. Experimental results illustrating the importance of increasing contextual information for estimating confidence scores are presented on a range of limited resource languages where word error rates range between 30% and 60%. The results show that the novel approaches provide significant gains in the accuracy of confidence estimation.
An anti‐idiotypic antibody with an internal image of human interferon‐γ and human interferon‐γ‐like antiviral activity (2000)

D9D10, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the biological activity of human interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), was used to generate monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. After a first selection, the monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody AA1E5 was chosen to be fully characterized. To the best of our knowledge this is the first description of a monoclonal antibody with an IFN-gamma-like antiviral activity; AA1E5 competed with IFN-gamma for binding to D9D10 indicating its anti-idiotypic character. However, AA1E5 also fully mimics HuIFN-gamma as it not only binds to the HuIFN-gamma-receptor, where it competes with HuIFN-gamma, but more importantly AA1E5 and its Fv fragment, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli, mimic the antiviral activity of HuIFN-gamma. Indeed, 15 microg of AA1E5 and 2.5 microg of its Fv fragment had an effect comparable to that of 10 IU of HuIFN-gamma in an antiviral assay on A549 cells. Sequence comparison between the complementarity determination regions of the antibody and the sequence of HuIFN-gamma revealed that both the heavy chain variable domain, VH, and the kappa light chain variable domain, Vkappa, have epitopes of 3-4 amino acids that are present in the HuIFN-gamma sequence, some of which contribute to receptor binding, as identified by Walter et al. [M. R. Walter, W. T. Windsor, T. L. Nagabhushan, D. J. Lundell, C. A. Lunn, P. J. Zauodny & S. K. Narula (1995) Nature 376, 230-235].
Assessing the prevalence of compromised bone health among overweight and obese African-American breast cancer survivors. (2014)

9596 Background: Osteoporosis is considered a late effect of breast cancer treatment. Previous studies included predominantly European-American women and analyzed African-American (AA) survivors in aggregate, despite their known differences in bone mineral density. Our purpose was to examine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a sample of exclusively AA women. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 111 overweight or obese AA women, aged 31-80 years, previously diagnosed and treated for stage I-IIIa breast cancer. Women completed questionnaires and underwent dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and phlebotomy prior to their enrollment in a weight loss intervention. Participants were categorized as having normal bone density, low bone mass or osteoporosis using the WHO definition for femoral neck T-scores. Results: Despite the frequent use of adjuvant hormone therapies (45%), a decreased ability to absorb ultraviolet light (54% reported dark/very dark skin), suboptimal intake (diet + supplements) of calcium and vitamin D [949 (± 569) mgs and 325 (± 231 IUs), respectively], the infrequent use of bisphosphonates (7%), and a high occurrence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency (49% had serum 25(OH)D levels <20 ng/ml), the prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass was <1% (n=1) and 16% (n=17), respectively. The 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture was 2.4%. Age (p=0.004) was the only significant predictor of compromised bone health. Conclusions: These findings challenge the clinical assumption that osteoporosis is highly prevalent among all breast cancer survivors, providing foundational evidence to support differences by race/ethnicity and reiterating the necessity of regular dialogue concerning nonpharmacologic preventative options (e.g., diet and physical activity).
P-Glycoprotein Expression and Multidrug Resistance in Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma (2000)

Advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) is generally resistant to standard chemotherapy. Because P-glycoprotein (P-gp) has been detected in other types of resistant solid tumors, leukemias, and lymphomas, we analyzed P-gp expression in CTCL. Twenty-seven patients with CTCL and circulating Sezary cells in the peripheral blood as observed on a peripheral smear treated at the Yale Photopheresis Center between 1987 and 1993 were identified. Twenty-five of these patients had skin biopsies evaluated for expression of P-gp using JSB-1 (Accurate Chemical), MRK-16 (gift of T. Tsuruo), and UIC-2 (gift of E. Metchner). P-gp expression was considered present if immunoreactivity was noted with two of the three antibodies. Eighteen of 25 patients (72%) evaluated exhibited expression. The patients were treated with various combinations of drugs consisting of topical and systemic steroids electron beam therapy, psoralens in combination with UV light A (PUVA), systemic chemotherapy, and photopheresis before testing the tissue for P-gp expression. Treatment with systemic chemotherapy in P-gp-positive patients produced responses in 3 and no responses in 11 patients (4 were lost to follow-up). Seven patients did not express P-gp: One patient responded to treatment, five did not respond, and one patient was lost to follow-up. These results demonstrate that P-gp is frequently expressed in CTCL. P-gp expression in our study was not a useful predictor of drug resistance.
Size-based analysis of extracellular vesicles using sequential transfer of an evaporating droplet (2019)

We report spatial separation of extracellular vesicle (EVs) populations based on particle size by using an approach that exploits Marangoni flow and the coffee-ring effect in microdroplets. Sequential transfer of a drying droplet progressively increases the mean size of EVs in the sample by repeated subsampling of a droplet during coffee-ring formation. This method allows size-based sorting, separation, and eventual retrieval of EVs for RNA and protein analysis. To demonstrate the biomedical relevance of this method, EVs from prostate cancer patients were analyzed; results revealed that the expression of cancer-associated genes and proteins was higher in small EVs than in large EVs. This ability to sort EVs using a combination of coffee ring with Marangoni flow and sequential droplet-transfer allows analysis of subpopulations of EVs, and will facilitate further studies of EVs.
Titelbild: Mesostructured Prussian Blue Analogues (Angew. Chem. 3/2008) (2007)

Mesostrukturierte Preußischblau-Analoga wurden durch eine ligandunterstützte Templatsynthese in Formamid hergestellt. Sie enthalten cyanidverbrückte Metallzentren, die um Alkylpyraziniumtemplate mit lamellarer, hexagonaler oder kubischer Periodizität organisiert sind, wie M. MacLachlan et al. auf S. 521 ff. berichten. Das Titelbild zeigt eine Synthese dieser Verbindungen vor dem Hintergrund eines Gemäldes, das Chemiker bei der Herstellung von Preußischblau zeigt. (Graphik von Elizabeth Varty; Hintergrundbild mit freundlicher Genehmigung der Wisconsin Academy of Sciences, Arts and Letters.)
T-cell hybridoma-produced lymphokine that activates macrophages to suppress intracellular growth of Histoplasma capsulatum (1984)

Supernatants from concanavalin A-stimulated T-cell hybridomas activated macrophages to suppress the intracellular growth of Histoplasma capsulatum and to kill tumor cells. The supernatants had high interferon activity and were pH 2 sensitive and heat resistant. Gamma interferon is suggested to be among the active substances in the supernatants. Neither alpha interferon nor beta interferon activated macrophages for the Histoplasma growth inhibitory activity.
Polar Effects in Free‐Radical Reactions. A Novel Homolytic Acylation of Heteroaromatic Bases by Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes, Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxyphthalimide and Co Salts. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOCONTROLLED AROMATIC PALLADATION (1977)

Abstract Die Amine (II) werden durch Li‐tetrachloropalladat in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin oder Diisopropyläthylamin regiospezifisch zu den kristallinen Komplexen (I) bzw. (III) palladiert.
COX-2: A New Target for Cancer Prevention and Treatment (2003)

Epidemiology of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Cancer, Baron, J.A. Pharmacology of COX-2 Inhibitors, Isakson, P.C. Regulation of COX-2 Expression in Human Cancers, Dixon, D.A. Cyclooxygenase-2 and Skin Carcinogenesis, Furstenberger, G., Marks, F., M ller-Decker, K. The Role of COX-2 in Breast and Cervical Cancer, Dannenberg, A.J., Howe, L.R. Cyclooxygenase-2, A Target for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancers of the Upper Digestive Tract, Altorki, N.K., Subbaramaiah, K., Dannenberg, A.J. Cyclooxygenase-2 and Colorectal Cancer, DuBois, R.N. Cyclooxygenase-2 in Lung Cancer, Dubinett, S.M., Sharma, S., Huang, M., Dohadwala, M., Pold, M., Mao, J.T. COX-2 Inhibitors and Other NSAIDs in Bladder and Prostate Cancer, Sabichi, A.L., Lippman, S.M. Therapeutic Potential of Selective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in the Management of Tumor Angiogenesis, Gately, S., Kerbel, R. Potential for Combined Modality Therapy of Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors and Radiation, Saha, D., Choy, H. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory and Cyclooxygenase-2-Selective Inhibitors in Clinical Cancer Prevention Trials, Hawk, E.T., Viner, J.L., Umar, A. Chemotherapy with Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Malignant Disease, Pre-Clinical Rationale and Preliminary Results of Clinical Trials, Blanke, C.D., Masferrer, J.L. Role of COX-Independent Targets of NSAIDs and Related Compounds in Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Soh, J.-W., Weinstein, I.B.
Issues with Asset Class-Based Portfolio Construction: An Analysis of Mutual Fund Characteristics (2015)

This article explores the degree of homogeneity of investment performance of mutual funds within and among asset classes. The analysis considers the assets class category and performance of more than 3,500 mutual funds for the period from 2006 through 2014. Although investment textbooks and professionals often emphasize that asset selection explains more than 90% of performance, as is detailed herein, the range of investment outcomes within a single asset class can vary considerably more than conventional wisdom would suggest, since the funds within the various asset classes are not homogenous. These fi ndings encourage increased attention to refi ning the process of mutual fund selection. <b>TOPICS:</b>Mutual funds/passive investing/indexing, portfolio construction, performance measurement
Over-answering yes-no questions: extended responses in a NL interface to a vision system (1983)

This paper addresses the problem of overanswering yes-no questions, i.e. of generating extended responses that provide additional information to yes-no questions that pragmatically must be interpreted as wh-questions. Although the general notion of extended responses has already been explored, our paper reports on the first attempt to build a NL system able to elaborate on a response as a result of anticipating obvious follow-up questions, in particular by providing additional case role fillers, by using more specific quantifiers and by generating partial answers to both parts of questions containing coordinating conjunctions. As a further innovation, the system explicitly deals with the informativeness-simplicity tradeoff when generating extended responses. We describe both an efficient implementation of the proposed methods, which use message passing as realized by the FLAVOR mechanism and the extensive linguistic knowledge incorporated in the verbalization component. The structure of the implemented NL generation component is illustrated using a detailed example of the systems&amp;amp;quot;s performance as an interface to an image understanding system. 1.
High performance 65 nm SOI technology with dual stress liner and low capacitance SRAM cell (2005)

A high performance 65 nm SOI CMOS technology is presented featuring 35 nm gate length, 1.05 nm gate oxide, performance enhancement from dual stress nitride liners (DSL), and 10 wiring levels with low-k dielectric offered in the first 8 levels. DSL enhancement is shown to scale well to 65 nm with larger enhancement seen than at 90 nm design rules. A high performance 0.65/spl mu/m/sup 2/ SRAM cell is also presented. SOI allows the SRAM cell to use Metal 1 instead of Metal 2 for bit-line wiring, which lowers the capacitance and improves access times. A functional dual-core microprocessor test chip containing 76Mb SRAM cache and key execution units has been fabricated.
Antibody Tumor Targeting Is Enhanced by CD27 Agonists through Myeloid Recruitment (2017)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) can destroy tumors by recruiting effectors such as myeloid cells, or targeting immunomodulatory receptors to promote cytotoxic T cell responses. Here, we examined the therapeutic potential of combining a direct tumor-targeting mAb, anti-CD20, with an extended panel of immunomodulatory mAbs. Only the anti-CD27/CD20 combination provided cures. This was apparent in multiple lymphoma models, including huCD27 transgenic mice using the anti-huCD27, varlilumab. Detailed mechanistic analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrated that anti-CD27 stimulated CD8<sup>+</sup> T and natural killer cells to release myeloid chemo-attractants and interferon gamma, to elicit myeloid infiltration and macrophage activation. This study demonstrates the therapeutic advantage of using an immunomodulatory mAb to regulate lymphoid cells, which then recruit and activate myeloid cells for enhanced killing of mAb-opsonized tumors.
Microwave surface resistance of bulk Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors (1989)

The first measurements of the microwave surface resistance at 18 GHz of bulk Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O superconductors produced by the hot isostatic pressing (HIP) process are reported. The superconducting samples, prepared by solid-state reaction with subsequent sintering and consolidation to obtain ideal density, were measured by replacing the end wall of a TE011 circular mode gold-plated copper cavity with the sample and determining the cavity Q for the temperature range 4–300 K. Results indicated that HIP samples which underwent subsequent annealing exhibit, below the critical temperature, a surface resistance approaching an order of magnitude less than copper.
EndophilinA-dependent coupling between activity-induced calcium influx and synaptic autophagy is disrupted by a Parkinson-risk mutation (2023)

Neuronal activity causes use-dependent decline in protein function. However, it is unclear how this is coupled to local quality control mechanisms. We show in Drosophila that the endocytic protein Endophilin-A (EndoA) connects activity-induced calcium influx to synaptic autophagy and neuronal survival in a Parkinson disease-relevant fashion. Mutations in the disordered loop, including a Parkinson disease-risk mutation, render EndoA insensitive to neuronal stimulation and affect protein dynamics: when EndoA is more flexible, its mobility in membrane nanodomains increases, making it available for autophagosome formation. Conversely, when EndoA is more rigid, its mobility reduces, blocking stimulation-induced autophagy. Balanced stimulation-induced autophagy is required for dopagminergic neuron survival, and a variant in the human ENDOA1 disordered loop conferring risk to Parkinson disease also blocks nanodomain protein mobility and autophagy both in vivo and in human-induced dopaminergic neurons. Thus, we reveal a mechanism that neurons use to connect neuronal activity to local autophagy and that is critical for neuronal survival.
Laurdan and Di-4-ANEPPDHQ probe different properties of the membrane (2016)

Abstract Lipid packing is a crucial feature of cellular membranes. Quantitative analysis of membrane lipid packing can be achieved using polarity sensitive probes whose emission spectrum depends on the lipid packing. However, detailed insight into the exact mechanism that causes the spectral shift is essential to interpret the data correctly. Here, we analysed frequently used polarity sensitive probes, Laurdan and di-4-ANEPPDHQ, to test whether the underlying physical mechanisms of their spectral shift is the same, thus whether they report on the same physico-chemical properties of the cell membrane. Their steady-state spectra as well as time-resolved emission spectra in solvents and model membranes showed that they probe different properties of the lipid membrane. Our findings are important for the application of these dyes in cell biology.
Mass diffusion in spark-induced vapor bubbles (1994)

The diffusion of gas into a spark-generated vapor bubble is shown to be an important factor when attempting to generate repeated oscillations of the bubble. Predictions for the radius–time curve based on the Trilling equation are matched with experimental measurements and the equilibrium radius is deduced. The effect of the ambient, hydrostatic, and vapor pressures of the liquid on the bubble collapse time is demonstrated. The high-frequency approximation of the first-order solution of the Eller–Flynn formulation for mass diffusion is utilized to estimate the amount of gas diffused into the bubble at the end of a single cycle. An increase in the bubble radius and collapse time is noted and this process is repeated for an extended number of cycles. The frequency signature of the resulting bubble oscillation is analyzed. The increase in the bubble radius and the period of oscillation due to diffusion, and the gas-microbubble residues remaining after collapse, have potentially important effects when generating a repeated sequence of vapor bubbles, as in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. [Work supported in part by the U.S. Navy and the National Institute of Health.]
The formation of higher structure through hydrophobic interaction of interpolymer complexes (1974)

Abstract Polyion complexes have been thought to be formed at the moment when the solutions of each component polymer are mixed. However, by observing many cases of complexation, it was cleared up that the complexes existed in their non‐equilibrium states for a long time under certain conditions and that the external factors, such as time, heat and shear‐stress, made the complexes grow up to be particularly structured complexes. The fibrous and network‐structured complexes were obtained by combination of the solution of poly(methacrylic acid) and the solution of poly( N,N,N ′, N ′‐tetramethyl‐ N‐p ‐xylylene‐ N ′‐alkylene diammonium dichloride) poly[(dimethylimino)ethylene(dimethylimino)methylene‐1,4‐phenylenemethylene dichloride]. The formation of higher structures is explained as follows: the hydrophobicity of their relatively extended polymer chains is changed by the neutralization of each ionic site of the polymers, and then these complexes grow regularly along the directions of their main chains by their own hydrophobicity and after a certain stage they expand to network structures by loosing their aggregating directions.