gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guinea Pig Lymphotoxin (LT) (1973)

Abstract Guinea pig lymphotoxin (LT) produced by stimulation of sensitized lymph node cells, specifically by antigen or non-specifically by concanavalin A, was studied by methods previously used to characterize guinea pig migration-inhibitory factor. The results showed that LT induced by either antigen or mitogen was heat labile, eluted from Sephadex columns with peak activity in fractions containing molecules of 35,000 to 55,000 m.w., had an electrophoretic mobility at pH 9.1 similar to albumin and a buoyant density on CsCl similar to protein. It was destroyed by chymotrypsin but not by neuraminidase. These studies show that guinea pig LT can be readily differentiated from guinea pig migration-inhibitory factor. On the other hand, the LT produced by antigen stimulation has many features in common with LT produced by stimulation with concanavalin A.
Adaptive Evolution of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 Grown on Ethanol and Glycerol (2018)

The FEt and FGl derivatives of the E. coli K-12 MG1655 and YA1461 strains with improved ethanol and glycerol utilization, respectively, under aerobic conditions were obtained by laboratory adaptive evolution. These fitness strains have a shorter lag-phase and higher growth rate on glucose, xylose, and their mixture as compared with the parental strains. DNA sequencing and cross-transduction analysis showed that the change in the growth rate of the rifampicin-resistant fitness mutants FGl and YA1461 RifRII are caused by mutations in the rpoB gene encoding the RNA polymerase β-subunit. These mutations affect conservative amino acid segments, which leads to the amino acid substitutions of RpoBD483G and RpoBH526N, respectively.
Defense on the Move: Ant-Based Cyber Defense (2014)

Many common cyberdefenses (like firewalls and intrusion-detection systems) are static, giving attackers the freedom to probe them at will. Moving-target defense (MTD) adds dynamism, putting the systems to be defended in motion, potentially at great cost to the defender. An alternative approach is a mobile resilient defense that removes attackers' ability to rely on prior experience without requiring motion in the protected infrastructure. The defensive technology absorbs most of the cost of motion, is resilient to attack, and is unpredictable to attackers. The authors' mobile resilient defense, Ant-Based Cyber Defense (ABCD), is a set of roaming, bio-inspired, digital-ant agents working with stationary agents in a hierarchy headed by a human supervisor. ABCD provides a resilient, extensible, and flexible defense that can scale to large, multi-enterprise infrastructures such as the smart electric grid.
Implementing Managed Loosely-Coupled Distributed Business Processes: A New Approach Using DIME Networks (2012)

The support for coordination and choreography of independently-developed and locally-managed distributed processes is a key requirement of the emerging business environment in which organizations form, and break, relationships with other organizations on the fly to meet business goals, for example, provide customer and stakeholder value. The current set of Business Process Management Systems do not support this dynamicity of relationships and processes - or process mobility - creating new channels, reassigning channels, in particular, to processes whose existence becomes known only at run-time and may differ by instance. This dynamic nature of the relationships and processes is founded on π-calculus mobility. This paper presents a new approach to implement π-calculus mobility using DIME network architecture; it is shown how process mobility is an inherent capability of DIMEs. This paper also proposes the use of DIME FCAPS capabilities to support business services management, including fault tolerance, performance and security.
Comparison of the Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Cellulose Nanofibrils Isolated from Bacteria, Tunicate, and Wood Processed Using Acid, Enzymatic, Mechanical, and Oxidative Methods (2014)

This work describes the measurement and comparison of several important properties of native cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), such as crystallinity, morphology, aspect ratio, and surface chemistry. Measurement of the fundamental properties of seven different CNCs/CNFs, from raw material sources (bacterial, tunicate, and wood) using typical hydrolysis conditions (acid, enzymatic, mechanical, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation), was accomplished using a variety of measurement methods. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were used to conclude that CNCs, which are rodlike in appearance, have a higher crystallinity than CNFs, which are fibrillar in appearance. CNC aspect ratio distributions were measured and ranged from 148±147 for tunicate-CNCs to 23±12 for wood-CNCs. Hydrophobic interactions, measured using inverse gas chromatography (IGC), were found to be an important contribution to the total surface energy of both types of cellulose. In all cases, a trace amount of naturally occurring fluorescent compounds was observed after hydrolysis. Confocal and Raman microscopy were used to confirm that the fluorescent species were unique for each cellulose source, and demonstrated that such methods can be useful for monitoring purity during CNC/CNF processing. This study reveals the broad, tunable, multidimensional material space in which CNCs and CNFs exist.
Search for heavy long-lived charged $\mathrm{R}$-hadrons with the ATLAS detector in 3.2 $\mathrm{fb^{-1}}$ of proton-proton collision data at $\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13}$ TeV (2016)

A search for heavy long-lived charged $R$-hadrons is reported using a data sample corresponding to 3.2$^{-1}$ of proton--proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The search is based on observables related to large ionisation losses and slow propagation velocities, which are signatures of heavy charged particles travelling significantly slower than the speed of light. No significant deviations from the expected background are observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are provided on the production cross section of long-lived $R$-hadrons in the mass range from 600 GeV to 2000 GeV and gluino, bottom and top squark masses are excluded up to 1580 GeV, 805 GeV and 890 GeV, respectively.
Models of subjective response to in-flight motion data (1973)

Mathematical relationships between subjective comfort and environmental variables in an air transportation system are investigated. As a first step in model building, only the motion variables are incorporated and sensitivities are obtained using stepwise multiple regression analysis. The data for these models have been collected from commercial passenger flights. Two models are considered. In the first, subjective comfort is assumed to depend on rms values of the six-degrees-of-freedom accelerations. The second assumes a Rustenburg type human response function in obtaining frequency weighted rms accelerations, which are used in a linear model. The form of the human response function is examined and the results yield a human response weighting function for different degrees of freedom.
Antibody synthesis specific for nonoral antigens in inflamed gingiva (1988)

In vitro experimentation indicates that periodontitis-associated bacteria contain potent polyclonal B-cell activators (PBA). We reasoned that if PBA were operative in vivo, plasma cells specific for nonoral antigens should be present in the inflamed gingival tissues, which are characterized by a plasma cell infiltrate. To test this, rabbits with experimental periodontitis were immunized in the hind legs with the histochemically detectable antigen horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or glucose oxidase (GO). At various times after secondary immunization, inflamed gingival tissue was removed, sectioned, and treated histochemically to reveal plasma cells that specifically bound HRP or GO. Remarkably, by 9 days after secondary immunization, hundreds of HRP- or GO-binding plasma cells were found in the inflamed gingival tissue of immunized rabbits. The presence of these plasma cells, observed 7 to 10 days after booster immunization, was further substantiated by the presence of large amounts of locally produced HRP- or GO-specific antibody in gingival crevicular fluid. By 1 month after secondary immunization, the number of antigen-binding plasma cells had decreased dramatically, but a small number of antigen-specific plasma cells were detected for as long as 9 months after secondary immunization. The large number of HRP- or GO-specific plasma cells observed 9 days after immunization led us to see whether recently stimulated cells were more susceptible to PBA. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were obtained at different times after booster immunization and cultured in the presence or absence of a PBA from Fusobacterium nucleatum. At 7 days after immunization, PBL spontaneously differentiated into antibody-forming cells in culture, and this process was enhanced by PBA. In contrast, PBL taken months after immunization produced little antibody in culture, and enhancement by PBA was difficult to detect. Compared with resting B cells, the recently stimulated B cells clearly differentiated more readily into antibody-forming cells. In conclusion, antibody synthesis specific for nonoral antigens did occur in inflamed gingival tissue, and a number of mechanisms, including PBA, probably contributed to this phenomenon.
Noise Post-processing based on a Stationary Noise Generator (2001)

The paper presents a newly developed noise post-processing (NPP) algorithm for improving subjective performance of low bit-rate code excited linear prediction (CELP) decoding. The algorithm is based on a stationary noise generator and improves subjective quality of a noisy signal input. A backward adaptive detector defines noisy input signal segments from decoded line spectral frequency (LSF), energy, and pitch parameters. By using LSF and energy parameters from the past, the noise generator estimates and produces stationary noise. The algorithm is independent of the main codec algorithm and is applicable to any CELP decoder. When applied to G.729 and G.723.1, our test results show that the algorithm improves subjective performance at around 0.2-0.8 in degradation category rating (DCR) mean opinion score (DMOS) under several background noise conditions.
A rapid increase in β‐cell function by multiple insulin injections in type 2 diabetic patients is not further enhanced by prolonging treatment (2002)

Improvement of insulin secretion by intensive insulin treatment is rapidly gained with no further effect obtained after a longer treatment period. This finding, as well as undesirable effects of MI on body weight, argues against prolonged MI treatment as a prelude to other therapeutic regimens in type 2 diabetic patients.
Intercalated Multilayer Graphene with Ultra Low Resistance for Next-Generation Interconnects (2023)

In recent years, many reports have demonstrated the high potential for multilayer graphene in semiconductor fabrication. As interconnects within semiconductors or electrodes for two-dimensional transistors, the preparation of large-area multilayer graphene is becoming increasingly important. Herein, we report a method for growing large-area multilayer graphene, which can achieve rapid heating and cooling. With the use of a high carbon concentration source, the preparation of multilayer graphene can be completed in a few seconds. This manufacturing method has the advantage of producing graphene with high quality, uniformity, and electrical conductivity. In commercial applications, this technology has great potential for the mass production and rapid fabrication of multilayer graphene. In addition, we found that the multilayer graphene produced by this method had cobalt atoms doped into the multilayer graphene during the process, resulting in its low resistivity. Combined with our intercalation technology, intercalated FeCl3 in the graphene interlayer can reduce the resistivity of graphene to 3.55 μΩ cm, which is very close to the resistivity of copper bulk. This result makes multilayer graphene more promising for various applications.
Inflammatory parameters predict etiologic patterns but do not allow for individual prediction of etiology in patients with CAP – Results from the German competence network CAPNETZ (2009)

PCT, CRP and WBC are highest in typical bacterial etiology in CAP but do not allow individual prediction of etiology. In contrast to CRP and WBC, PCT is useful in severity assessment of CAP.
Multiuser MIMO with Large Intelligent Surfaces: Communication Model and Transmit Design (2021)

This paper proposes a communication model for multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems based on large intelligent surfaces (LIS), where the LIS is modeled as a collection of tightly packed antenna elements. The LIS system is first represented in a circuital way, obtaining expressions for the radiated and received powers, as well as for the coupling between the distinct elements. Then, this circuital model is used to characterize the channel in a line-of-sight propagation scenario, rendering the basis for the analysis and design of MIMO systems. Due to the particular properties of LIS, the model accounts for superdirectivity and mutual coupling effects along with near field propagation, necessary in those situations where the array dimension becomes very large. Finally, with the proposed model, the matched filter transmitter and the weighted minimum mean square error precoding are derived under both realistic constraints: limited radiated power and maximum ohmic losses.
The Shape of Alerts: Detecting Malware Using Distributed Detectors by Robustly Amplifying Transient Correlations (2018)

We introduce a new malware detector - Shape-GD - that aggregates per-machine detectors into a robust global detector. Shape-GD is based on two insights: 1. Structural: actions such as visiting a website (waterhole attack) by nodes correlate well with malware spread, and create dynamic neighborhoods of nodes that were exposed to the same attack vector. However, neighborhood sizes vary unpredictably and require aggregating an unpredictable number of local detectors' outputs into a global alert. 2. Statistical: feature vectors corresponding to true and false positives of local detectors have markedly different conditional distributions - i.e. their shapes differ. The shape of neighborhoods can identify infected neighborhoods without having to estimate neighborhood sizes - on 5 years of Symantec detectors' logs, Shape-GD reduces false positives from ~1M down to ~110K and raises alerts 345 days (on average) before commercial anti-virus products; in a waterhole attack simulated using Yahoo web-service logs, Shape-GD detects infected machines when only ~100 of ~550K are compromised.
Home Energy Management Problem: towards an Optimal and Robust Solution (2010)

A home automation system basically consists of household appliances linked via a communication network allowing interactions for control purposes (Palensky & Posta, 1997). Thanks to this network, a load management mechanism can be carried out: it is called distributed control in (Wacks, 1993). Load management allows inhabitants to adjust power consumption according to expected comfort, energy price variation and CO2 equivalent rejection. For instance, during the consumption peak periods when power plants rejecting higher quantities of CO2 are used and when energy price is high, it could be possible to decide to delay some services, to reduce some heater set points or to run requested services even so according to weather forecasts and inhabitant requests. Load management is all the more interesting that local storage and production means exist. Indeed, battery, photovoltaic panels or wind mills provide additional flexibilities. Combining all these elements lead to systems with many degrees of freedom that are very complex to manage by users. The objective of this study is to setup a general mathematical formulation that makes it possible to design optimized building electric energy management systems able to determine the best energy assignment plan, according to given criteria. A building energy management system consists in two aspects: the load management and the local energy production management. (House & Smith, 1995) and (Zhou & Krarti, 2005) have proposed optimal control strategies for HVAC (Home Ventilation and Air Conditioning) system taking into account the natural thermal storage capacity of buildings that shift the HVAC consumption from peakperiod to off-peak period. Zhou & Krarti (2005) has shown that this control strategy can save up to 10% of the electricity cost of a building. However, these approaches do not take into account the energy resource constraints, which generally depend on the autonomy needs of off-grid systems (Muselli et al., 2000) or on the total power production limits of the suppliers in grid connected systems. The household load management problem can be formulated as a assignment problem where energy is considered as a resource shared by appliances, and tasks are energy consumptions of appliances. Ha et al. (2006a) presents a three-layers household energy control system that is both able to satisfy the maximum available electrical power constraint and to maximize user satisfaction criteria. This approach carries out more reactivity to adapt consumption to the energy provider requirements. Ha et al. (2006b) proposes a global solution for the household load management problem. In order to adapt the consumption to the available energy, the home automation system controls the appliances in housing by determining the 5
Small angle x‐ray studies of siloxane‐urea segmented copolymers (1986)

Abstract Novel segmented copolymers were synthesized using aminopropyl terminated linear poly(dimethylsiloxane) oligomers as the soft component and various diisocyanates as the hard segments. As a result of the large differences in the cohesive energy density (solubility parameter) between the two components, phase separation occurs to form a microdomain structure at relatively low oligomer molecular weights. Since chain extenders were not employed during the synthesis, the “hard” segments are strictly related to the length of the diisocyanate moiety utilized in the reaction, In this paper we utilize these copolymers as reasonable models for investigating the various methods available for determining the interfacial layer thickness between the hard and soft phase. Specifically, in these systems there is no hard segment length distribution as is the usual case for segmented urethanes. Utilizing Porod's law, and appropriate analysis, both positive and negative deviations were found in the systematic series of copolymers. The degree of positive and negative character was found to be dependent upon copolymer composition. Negative deviations were accounted for in terms of a finite interfacial thickness, which turned out to be relatively small as anticipated, while the positive deviations were assigned to isolated hard segments that reside within the soft segment matrix, i.e., concentration fluctuations. In calculating the interfacial thickness, several methods were applied and in general, close agreement was obtained. Finally, correlation function analysis in conjunction with determination of the coherent Porod lengths, etc. were determined and discussed accordingly. Cautionary comments are also provided for researchers who apply less complete small angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) analysis to related block or segmented copolymers with regard to phase separation behavior.
Microporous polymers for hydrogen storage applications (2007)

We present here a route to produce microporous organic polymers based on the step growth polycondensation of dichloroxylene and other bischloromethyl monomers. We show that materials with very high surface areas (∼1900 m2/g BET; ∼3000 m2/g Langmuir) can be obtained by varying the structure of the monomer. The resulting materials can physisorb up to around 3.7 wt. % H2 at 77 K and 15 bar - the highest value yet reported for an organic polymer. We have used a combination of solid-state NMR, gas sorption measurements, and atomistic simulations in order to rationalize the surface area, pore size, and H2 sorption properties of these polymers. We believe that this flexible methodology represents an important advance for the future design of purely organic sorbents with enhanced gas storage capacities.
Alteration of Growth, Advancement of Puberty, and Season-Appropriate Circannual Breeding during 28 Months of Photoperiod Reversal in Woodchucks (Marmota Monax)1 (1993)

In woodchucks (Marmota monax), as in other marmotine rodents, endogenous circannual metabolic and reproductive cycles persist and free-run at intervals of 10-12 mo for up to 4 yr in a neutral photoperiod of 12L:12D. The annual metabolic cycle is not altered by exposure to constant long days or short days for several months. In the wild, changes in food intake cause body weight to peak in late summer and reach nadirs in early spring, and there is a single annual breeding season in late winter. To determine whether normal changes in photoperiod entrain the endogenous circannual cycle, aspects of reproduction, food intake, and body weight were studied for 28 mo in eight groups of woodchucks housed in light-controlled rooms. These included four groups of 7-10 males and four groups of 7-10 females exposed to automated and continuous daily changes in photoperiod. The imposed changes in photoperiod resembled native Northern Hemisphere (boreal) changes or Southern Hemisphere (austral) changes in photoperiod. The treatments started at the summer solstice shortly after capture as 2.5-mo-old juveniles or 14.5-mo-old yearling adults. In austral vs. boreal woodchucks, started as juveniles, annual increases in testosterone and testis descent at 5, 14, and 23 mo of study were advanced by 2, 5, and 6 mo, respectively. Annual increases in progesterone at 7, 16, and 25 mo of study were advanced by 4, 5, and 6 mo, respectively. The older woodchucks were significantly but less dramatically affected by austral photoperiod for the first 6 mo of study, and by 8-12 mo were advanced the same as the younger animals. At 16-17 and 26-27 mo of photoperiod reversal, 16 austral females had normal pregnancy rates (78%) and produced normal-sized litters (4.3 +/- 0.2) that were advanced by 5 and 6 mo, respectively, relative to those of boreal controls. Body weights in austral vs. boreal juveniles were reduced at 3-5 mo of study but not in older woodchucks. At 1 and then 2 yr of austral lighting, peaks in body weight were advanced by 4 and then 5 mo relative to boreal controls in young animals, and by 2 and then 5 mo in older animals. Between 1 and 2 yr of austral lighting in both age groups the nadirs in food intake (45 g per day) were about 16-25% of peak food intake 6-8 mo earlier, as in boreals, but advanced by 5-6 mo relative to boreals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
QT Adaptation and Intrinsic QT Variability in Congenital Long QT Syndrome (2015)

In LQTS patients, QT interval adaptation to heart rate changes occurs with time constant ≈60 seconds, similar to results reported in control subjects. Intrinsic QTV correlates with the degree of repolarization delay and might reflect action potential instability observed in animal models of LQTS.