gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Properties and Stability of Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials in the Aquatic Environment (2013)

While graphene oxide (GO) has been found to be the most toxic graphene-based nanomaterial, its environmental fate is still unexplored. In this study, the aggregation kinetics and stability of GO were investigated using time-resolved dynamic light scattering over a wide range of aquatic chemistries (pH, salt types (NaCl, MgCl2, CaCl2), ionic strength) relevant to natural and engineered systems. Although pH did not have a notable influence on GO stability from pH 4 to 10, salt type and ionic strength had significant effects on GO stability due to electrical double layer compression, similar to other colloidal particles. The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) values of GO were determined to be 44 mM NaCl, 0.9 mM CaCl2, and 1.3 mM MgCl2. Aggregation and stability of GO in the aquatic environment followed colloidal theory (DLVO and Schulze-Hardy rule), even though GO's shape is not spherical. CCC values of GO were lower than reported fullerene CCC values and higher than reported carbon nanotube CCC values. CaCl2 destabilized GO more aggressively than MgCl2 and NaCl due to the binding capacity of Ca(2+) ions with hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups of GO. Natural organic matter significantly improved the stability of GO in water primarily due to steric repulsion. Long-term stability studies demonstrated that GO was highly stable in both natural and synthetic surface waters, although it settled quickly in synthetic groundwater. While GO remained stable in synthetic influent wastewater, effluent wastewater collected from a treatment plant rapidly destabilized GO, indicating GO will settle out during the wastewater treatment process and likely accumulate in biosolids and sludge. Overall, our findings indicate that GO nanomaterials will be stable in the natural aquatic environment and that significant aqueous transport of GO is possible.
The Emerging Domain of Cooperating Objects: Definitions and Concepts (2012)

This book provides a classification of current and future applications for the domain of Cooperating Objects. The book has been created with a very strong participation of the industry and taking into account current research trends and industrial roadmaps
Molecular Cloning, Enzymatic Characterization, Developmental Expression, and Cellular Localization of a Mouse Cytochrome P450 Highly Expressed in Kidney (1999)

A cDNA encoding a new cytochrome P450 was isolated from a mouse liver library. Sequence analysis reveals that this 1,886-base pair cDNA encodes a 501-amino acid polypeptide that is 69-74% identical to CYP2J subfamily P450s and is designated CYP2J5. Recombinant CYP2J5 was co-expressed with NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase in Sf9 cells using a baculovirus system. Microsomal fractions of CYP2J5/NADPH-cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase-transfected cells metabolize arachidonic acid to 14,15-, 11,12-, and 8, 9-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids and 11- and 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (catalytic turnover, 4.5 nmol of product/nmol of cytochrome P450/min at 37 degrees C); thus CYP2J5 is enzymologically distinct. Northern analysis reveals that CYP2J5 transcripts are most abundant in mouse kidney and present at lower levels in liver. Immunoblotting using a polyclonal antibody against a CYP2J5-specific peptide detects a protein with the same electrophoretic mobility as recombinant CYP2J5 most abundantly in mouse kidney microsomes. CYP2J5 is regulated during development in a tissue-specific fashion. In the kidney, CYP2J5 is present before birth and reaches maximal levels at 2-4 weeks of age. In the liver, CYP2J5 is absent prenatally and during the early postnatal period, first appears at 1 week, and then remains relatively constant. Immunohistochemical staining of kidney sections with anti-human CYP2J2 IgG reveals that CYP2J protein(s) are present primarily in the proximal tubules and collecting ducts, sites where the epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are known to modulate fluid/electrolyte transport and mediate hormonal action. In situ hybridization confirms abundant CYP2J5 mRNA within tubules of the renal cortex and outer medulla. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are endogenous constituents of mouse kidney thus providing direct evidence for the in vivo metabolism of arachidonic acid by the mouse renal epoxygenase(s). Based on these data, we conclude that CYP2J5 is an enzymologically distinct, developmentally regulated, protein that is localized to specific nephron segments and contributes to the oxidation of endogenous renal arachidonic acid pools. In light of the well documented effects of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in modulating renal tubular transport processes, we postulate that CYP2J5 products play important functional roles in the kidney.
Chip-scale Blue Phased Array (2019)

We demonstrate the first phased array operating at blue wavelengths. We show wideangle beam steering over a 50° field-of-view with a beam width of less than 0.17° using a high confinement silicon nitride waveguide platform.
Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors and Experimental Fracture-Healing (2007)

Background: Cyclooxygenase-2-specific anti-inflammatory drugs (coxibs) and nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown to inhibit experimental fracture-healing. The present study tested the hypothesis that these effects are reversible after short-term treatment. Methods: With use of a standard model of fracture-healing, identical ED50 dosages of either a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (ketorolac), a coxib (valdecoxib), or vehicle (control) were orally administered to rats for either seven or twenty-one days and fracture-healing was assessed with biomechanical, histological, and biochemical analyses. Results: When healing was assessed at twenty-one days, the seven-day treatment produced only a trend for a higher rate of nonunion in valdecoxib and ketorolac-treated animals as compared with controls. No differences were observed at thirty-five days. The twenty-one-day treatment produced significantly more nonunions in valdecoxib-treated animals as compared with either ketorolac-treated or control animals (p < 0.05), but these differences disappeared by thirty-five days. The dose-specific inhibition of these drugs on prostaglandin E2 levels and the reversibility of the effects after drug withdrawal were assessed in fracture calluses and showed that ketorolac treatment led to twofold to threefold lower levels of prostaglandin E2 than did valdecoxib. Withdrawal of either drug after six days led to a twofold rebound in these levels by fourteen days. Histological analysis showed delayed remodeling of calcified cartilage and reduced bone formation in association with valdecoxib treatment. Conclusions: Cyclooxygenase-2-specific drugs inhibit fracture-healing more than nonspecific nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the magnitude of the effect is related to the duration of treatment. However, after the discontinuation of treatment, prostaglandin E2 levels are gradually restored and the regain of strength returns to levels similar to control. Clinical Relevance: While animal studies have suggested that both nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and coxibs inhibit bone repair, there have been no clinical reports with Level-1 evidence to support these findings. Because most patients discontinue these medications when pain has subsided, it is important to determine whether the inhibitory effects are reversible. The present animal study confirms that inhibition of cyclooxygenase 2 impairs fracture-healing and that the effects are dependent on both the dose and duration of treatment. However, the reduced prostaglandin levels in callus rebound with drug withdrawal, and the impairment in the mechanical integrity of the healing fractures is reversed after short-term treatment.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Genetic Heterogeneity and Tissue-specific Patterns of Tumors with Multiple <i>PIK3CA</i> Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Serine and threonine phosphoproteome of NIH-3T3 cells bearing PIK3CA E726K/H1047R vs H1047R.&lt;/p&gt;
Two-step breakdown of a SiN membrane for nanopore fabrication: Formation of thin portion and penetration (2018)

For the nanopore sensing of various large molecules, such as probe-labelled DNA and antigen-antibody complexes, the nanopore size has to be customized for each target molecule. The recently developed nanopore fabrication method utilizing dielectric breakdown of a membrane is simple and quite inexpensive, but it is somewhat unsuitable for the stable fabrication of a single large nanopore due to the risk of generating multiple nanopores. To overcome this bottleneck, we propose a new technique called "two-step breakdown" (TSB). In the first step of TSB, a local conductive thin portion (not a nanopore) is formed in the membrane by dielectric breakdown. In the second step, the created thin portion is penetrated by voltage pulses whose polarity is opposite to the polarity of the voltage used in the first step. By applying TSB to a 20-nm-thick SiN membrane, a single nanopore with a diameter of 21-26 nm could be fabricated with a high yield of 83%.
Development of Soft Tactile Sensor for Force Measurement and Position Detection (2021)

As more robots are implemented for contact-rich tasks, tactile sensors are in increasing demand. For many circumstances, the contact is required to be compliant, and soft sensors are in need. This paper introduces a novelly designed soft sensor that can simultaneously estimate the contact force and contact location. Inspired by humans' skin, which contains multi-layers of receptors, the designed tactile sensor has a dual-layer structure. The first layer is made of a conductive fabric that is responsible for sensing the contact force. The second layer is composed of four small conductive rubbers that can detect the contact location. Signals from the two layers are firstly processed by Wheatstone bridges and amplifier circuits so that the measurement noises are eliminated, and the sensitivity is improved. An Arduino chip is used for processing the signal and analyzing the data. The contact force can be obtained by a pre-trained model that maps from the voltage to force, and the contact location is estimated by the voltage signal from the conductive rubbers in the second layer. In addition, filtering methods are applied to eliminate the estimation noise. Finally, experiments are provided to show the accuracy and robustness of the sensor.
Nutritional and Acid-Base Aspects of Amino Acid Metabolism (1997)

This volume of Contributions to Nephrology is comprised of papers presented at the 7th International Ammoniagenesis Workshop. The presentations are organized into sections dealing with ammonia-forming enzymes, molecular biological aspects of glutamine metabolism metabolic alterations in acidosis, kidney and brain metabolism of glutamine and other a
An integrated communication system with a web interface for Distributed Generation systems (2010)

This paper describes a communications system through which a user of a Distributed Generation (DG) system can interrogate and control its constituent energy converters and storage units depending on the user's specific needs. The system outlined in the paper includes a full web interface and integrated communications system based on the industry standard Controller Area Network (CAN) bus protocol. The proposed system is integrated into a standalone DG system model to allow for real-time control and interrogation, facilitating useful information flow within a DG system. Furthermore, the system offers the easy switching out of the disparate parts of the overall DG system to separately assess the impact of each component against theoretical benchmarks, while still accounting for the external constraints that the system may place on it.
Neurostimulation for pain of spinal origin. (2006)

Neurosurgical procedures for pain may be anatomic (attempting to correct the physical cause of the pain), ablative (destroying pain pathways), or augmentative (modulating the existing neurological anatomy and physiology). The available augmentative procedures, commonly referred to under the umbrella “neuromodulation,” include spinal cord stimulation (SCS). Although augmentative procedures are reversible and can be tested through screening trials before a device is implanted for chronic use, they have, until recently, been reserved for patients who failed to gain relief through anatomic or ablative procedures and had exhausted the possibilities offered by other alternative therapies. The high initial cost of augmentative therapy might explain this bias. SCS is an augmentative procedure that relies on artificially generated paresthesia to achieve pain relief by replacing the sensation of pain with one that is commonly described as “tingling.” To be effective, the paresthesia must cover the topography of the pain. The major determinant of the distribution of paresthesia is the spinal location of the stimulating cathodes and anodes. 2 Programmable pulse generators allow noninvasive, post-implantation selection of various electrode contact combinations. The major indication for SCS in the United States is failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). This catch-all diagnosis is made when one or more previous operations on the spine fails to provide a patient with long-term pain relief. In part, because FBSS patients are not distinguished on the basis of the various indications for the initial operation or according to the suspected reason for the failures, FBSS is particularly difficult to treat. SPINAL CORD STIMULATION VERSUS REOPERATION FOR FBSS In 1991, our research group published a paper detailing our 5-year follow-up data for FBSS patients treated with repeat operation 5 and a companion paper presenting 5-year results for FBSS patients treated with spinal cord stimulation (SCS). 6 For the reoperation group, analysis of follow-up data collected at a mean of 5.05 years postoperatively by a disinterested third party from 102 patients who had undergone an average of 2.4 previous operations, revealed that only 34% reported a successful outcome. Postoperatively, 21 disabled patients returned to work, but 15 stopped work. The number of patients who reported a loss in neurological function exceeded those who reported a gain. Most patients, however, reduced or eliminated their use of pain medication. 5 Analysis of factors that prognosticated a favorable result for reoperation among these patients revealed an advantage in being female, young, and employed, as well as in having no suspected epidural fibrosis and predominately radicular pain. Because most FBSS patients are unlikely to have these characteristics, however, and the retrospective study revealed such a low long-term success rate, we concluded that an alternative to yet another reoperation should be considered for FBSS patients. 5
Searching by corpus with fingerprints (2012)

The growing sizes of text repositories on the world wide web has created a need for efficient indexing and retrieval methods for text collections. Almost all of the text retrieval and indexing methods have been designed for the case of simple keyword search, in which a few keywords are specified, and the text is retrieved on the basis of matches to these keywords. However, in many applications there is a need for a greater specificity during the search, such as the use of phrases, sentences, text fragments, or even documents for the retrieval process. An even more general case is one in which a collection of documents is available as a query to the search process. In such cases, it is desirable to return sets of all pairwise similar documents. Such queries are referred to as corpus to corpus queries, and are computationally intensive because of the very large number of document pairs which need to be compared. Such cases cannot be efficiently processed by the available indexing and searching methods. Most of the currently available techniques can index the text based on only a small number of keywords or representative phrases. In this paper, we design a compressed finger print index which can support the following more general queries: (a) The method can process very efficient document-to-corpus search because of their efficient bit-wise operations for the search process. (b) We further extend the method to work for corpus-to-corpus queries, in which it is desirable to determine the most similar pairs of documents in two collections. We design an efficient search technique which is able to reduce the search time for large collections. The key technique used to enable this is an efficient fingerprint representation, which can be used effectively for the search process. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work on corpus-based search in massive document collections.
Optimizing Sample Preparation Methods for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Solid-state NMR of Synthetic Polymers (2014)

This work compares the overall sensitivity enhancements provided by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) for the solid-state NMR characterization of polymer samples doped with biradicals and prepared either by film casting (FC), or by glass forming (GF) using 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane as the solvent. Analysis of amorphous and semicrystalline polymers (polystyrene, poly(ethylene oxide), polylactide, poly(methyl methacrylate)) of varying molecular weights showed that GF provided larger sensitivity enhancements than FC but yielded DNP-enhanced 13C CPMAS spectra of lower resolution for semicrystalline polymers, owing to line-broadening due to conformational distribution of the polymer chains in frozen solution. Moreover, use of deuterated solvents significantly reduced the intensity of the solvent signals in the DNP-enhanced 13C CPMAS spectra of polymers prepared by GF, while preserving the sensitivity enhancement observed for the polymer signals. For the polymers investigated here, both FC and GF performed better than incipient wetness impregnation, yielding overall sensitivity enhancements between 5 and 40.
Sustained brain‐derived neurotrophic factor up‐regulation and sensorimotor gating abnormality induced by postnatal exposure to phencyclidine: comparison with adult treatment (2006)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in synaptic development and plasticity, and alterations in BDNF expression or signaling are implicated in drug addiction and psychiatric diseases, such as depression and schizophrenia. In this study, we administered phencyclidine to postnatal and adult rats with different time schedules, and determined the correlations between BDNF expression and the behavioral effects. Both single and repeated phencyclidine injections into adult rats induced BDNF up-regulation in the corticolimbic system and a decrease in prepulse inhibition, both of which were transient. In contrast, subchronic postnatal administration increased BDNF protein and mRNA levels in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, which were sustained until 8 weeks of age. In parallel, the postnatal rats treated with phencyclidine developed a persistent decrease in prepulse inhibition at the adult stage. The chronic BDNF increase appeared to contribute to the prepulse inhibition abnormality, as subchronic BDNF infusion into the hippocampus of normal rats mimicked the prepulse inhibition deficits. This study suggests that phencyclidine exposure during brain development induces sustained BDNF up-regulation in the limbic system with a biological link to sensorimotor gating deficits.
Galanin Expression within the Basal Forebrain in Alzheimer's Disease: Comments on Therapeutic Potentiala (1998)

A bstract : The inhibitory neuropeptide galanin has widespread distribution throughout the central nervous system. Studies indicate that galanin modulates cognition by regulating cholinergic basal forebrain (CBF) neuron function. The chemoanatomic organization of galanin within the mammalian CBF differs across species. In monkeys, all CBF neurons coexpress galanin, whereas in apes and humans galanin is found within a separate population of interneurons that are in close apposition to the CBF perikarya. Pharmacologic investigations revealed a low and high affinity galanin receptor within the basal forebrain in humans. In vitro autoradiographic investigations of the primate brain indicate that galanin receptors are concentrated within the anterior subfields of the CBF as well as the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, amygdala, and entorhinal cortex. Galaninergic fibers hyperinnervate remaining CBF neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Because galanin inhibits the release of acetylcholine in the hippocampus, it has been suggested that the overexpression of galanin in Alzheimer's disease may downregulate the production of acetylcholine within CBF perikarya, further exacerbating cholinergic cellular dysfunction in this disorder. These observations suggest that the development of a potent galanin antagonist would be a useful step towards the successful pharmacologic treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
ENDOGENOUS CYTOKININS IN THREE GENERA OF MICROALGAE FROM THE CHLOROPHYTA 1 (2004)

Nine axenic microalgal (Chlorophyta) strains from three genera ( Protococcus , Chlorella , and Scenedesmus ) were analyzed for endogenous cytokinins. Cytokinin‐like activity was detected using the excised cucumber cotyledon bioassay. Five strains showed no cytokinin‐like activity and four strains, low cytokinin‐like activity. Ethanolic extracts of the microalgae containing a mixture of deuterium‐labeled standards were purified using a combined DEAE‐Sephadex octadecysilica column and immunoaffinity column based on wide‐range specific mon‐oclonal antibodies and analyzed by HPLC linked to a micromass single quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electrospray interface and a photodiode array detector. There were similar trends in cytokinin profiles for the nine microalgal strains investigated, although concentrations did vary. Both isopentenyladenine and isopentenyladenosine were detected in all nine strains. cis‐ Zeatin and cis‐ zeatin riboside occurred at higher concentrations than the trans isomers, whereas trans‐ zeatin‐O‐glucoside and trans‐ zeatin riboside‐O‐glucoside were dominant over the cis isomers. Dihydrozeatin and its conjugates were not detected in any significant amounts. The aromatic benzyladenine always occurred at higher concentrations than benzyladenosine. The topolins were well represented with all three isomers ( ortho , meta , and para ) being detected, with ortho‐ topolin and ortho‐ topolin riboside occurring at higher concentrations than the other isomers. However, for the O‐glucosides, the meta isomers ( meta‐ topolin‐O‐glucoside and meta‐ topolin riboside‐O‐glucoside) occurred at higher concentrations than the other isomers. No N‐glucosides were detected (isopentenyladenine‐9‐glucoside, zeatin‐9‐glucoside, dihydrozeatin‐9‐glucoside, benzyladenine‐9‐glucoside, ortho ‐topolin‐9‐glucoside, and meta ‐topolin‐9‐glucoside). Generally, zeatin and topolin conjugates were the dominant forms of isoprenoid and aromatic cytokinins, respectively. There was no distinct trend in the proportions of isoprenoid to aromatic cytokinins.
One-Step Synthesis of Triazolopyridines from Carboxylic Acids (2007)

The simple and efficient one-step synthesis of triazolopyridines was described. Thus, the reaction of carboxylic acids 1 with 2-hydrazinopyridines 2 in the presence of CCl3CN, PS-PPh3 and DIPEA as a base in CH2Cl2 under microwave heating conditions gave the corresponding triazolopyridines 3 in 61-92% yield.