gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High frequency of cross-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes elicited during the virus-induced polyclonal cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. (1993)

Polyclonal stimulation of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) occurs during infection with many viruses including those not known to transform CTL or encode superantigens. This polyclonal CTL response includes the generation of high levels of allospecific CTL directed against many class I haplotypes. In this report we investigated whether the allospecific CTL generated during an acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection of C57BL/6 mice were stimulated specifically by antigen recognition or nonspecifically by polyclonal mechanisms possibly involving lymphokines or superantigens. An examination of the ability of different strains of mice to induce high levels of CTL specific for a given alloantigen showed that most, but not all, strains generated high levels of allospecific CTL, and that their abilities to generate them mapped genetically to the major histocompatibility complex locus, exclusive of the class II region. This indicated that the virus-induced allospecific CTL generation was independent of the class II allotype, and mice depleted of CD4+ cells generated allospecific CTL, indicating independence of class II-CD4+ cell interactions and resulting CD4+ cell-secreted lymphokines. FACS staining with a variety of V beta-binding antibodies did not show a superantigen-like depletion or enrichment of any tested V beta + subset during infection. Several experiments provided evidence in support of direct stimulation of CD8+ cells via the T cell receptor: (a) both virus- and allo-specific killing were enriched within a given V beta subpopulation; (b) relative CTL precursor frequencies against different class I alloantigens changed during the course of virus infection; (c) the relative levels of virus-induced, allospecific CTL-mediated lysis at day 8 after infection did not parallel the CTL precursor frequencies before infection; and (d) limiting dilution analyses of day 8 LCMV-infected spleen cells stimulated by virus-infected syngeneic peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) revealed not only the expected virus-specific CTL clones, but also a high frequency of clones that were cross-reactive with allogeneic and virus-infected syngeneic targets. In addition to the virus cross-reactive allospecific CTL clones, virus-infected PEC also stimulated the generation of some allospecific clones that did not lyse virus-infected fibroblasts. Surprisingly, LCMV-infected PEC were much more efficient at stimulating allospecific CTL clones from day 8 LCMV-infected splenocytes than were allogeneic stimulators. These results indicate that at least part of the polyclonal allospecific CTL response elicited by acute virus infection is a consequence of the selective expansion of many clones of allospecific CTL which cross-react with virus-infected cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Cyclic Fatigue of Ceramics (1991)

Cyclic fatigue, and specifically fatigue-crack propagation, in ceramic materials is reviewed both for monolithic and composites systems. In particular, stress/life (S/N) and crack-propagation data are presented for a range of ceramics, including zirconia, alumina, silicon nitride, SiC-whisker-reinforced alumina and a pyrolytic-carbon/graphite laminate. S/N data derived from unnotched specimens often indicate markedly lower lives under tension-compression compared to tension-tension loading; similar to metals, 108-cycle “fatigue limits” generally approach -50% of the tensile strength. Crack-growth results, based on studies on “long” (>3mm) cracks, show fatigue-crack propagation rates to be markedly power-law dependent on the applied stress-intensity range, ΔK, with a threshold, ΔKTH, of the order of -50% of Kc. Conversely, for “small” (<250μm) surface cracks, fatigue-crack growth is seen to occur at ΔK levels some 2 to 3 times smaller than ΔKTH, and to show a negative depen-dency on applied stress intensity. At ambient temperatures, lifetimes are shortened and crack-growth rates are significantly accelerated by cyclic, compared to quasi-static loading, although limited data suggest the reverse to be true at very high temperatures in the creep regime. Such results are discussed in terms of the primary crack-tip shielding (toughening) mechanisms and potential mechanisms of cyclic crack advance. Finally, implications are discussed of long and small crack cyclic fatigue data to life prediction and safetycritical design of ceramic components.
Error Analysis of Stored Grain Inventory Determination (2016)

<abstract> <b><sc>Abstract.</sc></b> Estimation of the quantity of stored grain is important for crop insurance, financial statements, and inventory control. Traditionally, the height of grain has been measured using weighted tape measures, and the volume is subsequently computed using standard geometric shapes (cylinders and cones) along with visual correction of the grain surface. Field measurements by four trained USDA Farm Service Agency and crop insurance agents on older farm-sized bins (8.2 to 11.0Â m, or 27 to 36 ft, in diameter) resulted in standard deviations between 0.02 and 0.30 m for the equivalent height when the grain surface was not level. The largest errors were observed with off-center surface profiles. When the grain surface inside the bins was manually leveled, the standard deviation of the equivalent height varied between 0.02 and 0.18 m. Error propagation analysis was performed to evaluate the error in measuring the volume of stored grain caused by the uncertainty associated with measuring the bin diameter and grain height as a function of the ratio of equivalent level grain height to bin diameter (EH/D). The errors were examined using an assumed range of uncertainties to explore how each factor contributed to the error in different scenarios. The uncertainty increased as the EH/D ratio decreased, especially in small-diameter bins with shallow grain heights where the volume bounded by the surface profile of the grain represented a large percentage of the total volume within the structure. Therefore, any errors in defining the surface profile resulted in large errors in the total estimated volume of grain in small-diameter bins. Conversely, for large-diameter bins with large grain heights, the surface profile represented a very small percentage of the total volume of grain. Consequently, any errors in defining the profile produced much smaller errors in the total grain volume. For accurate measurements, defined as a standard deviation of 1.2 cm (0.04 ft) in the diameter and 7.6 cm (0.25 ft) in the equivalent level height, the overall uncertainty in the volume measurement never exceeded 5% for smaller bins (<10 m in diameter) and decreased to less than 1% for larger bins (>10 m in diameter). A sensitivity analysis was performed on the three most common methods used to convert the measured volume to a quantity of grain. In each method, the quantity of grain stored in a bin is the product of the volume measurement and the pack factor. With all three methods, the sensitivity of the pack factor determination resulted in an error of less than 1% in the estimated total quantity of stored grain. The volume measurement accounted for the majority of the error in the estimation of bin inventory. As a result, accurate measurement of the bin volume is critical for determining the quantity of stored grain.
An adaptive routine mechanism for ad-hoc wireless sensor networks (2003)

An adaptive routing mechanism is described that generates routing paths dynamically for a network of ad hoc wireless sensor nodes. The mechanism enables sensor nodes to minimize route cost by varying their transmission range, and by experimenting with the neighbours from which they forward data. Three route cost functions were compared. The route cost function that sums the link costs was found to give the worst performance, both in the proportion of packets delivered and the standard deviation of packet origins.
Highly stable and textured hydrogenated ZnO thin films (2003)

We investigated intentionally hydrogenated zinc oxide (ZnO:H) fabricated by combining photoassisted metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and mercury-sensitized hydrogen addition methods. We found that intentionally incorporated hydrogen plays an important role in n-type conduction as a donor, improving free carrier concentration and electrical stability. We simultaneously obtained improved surface roughness of the ZnO:H film due to an enhancement of (112̄0) orientation. The high-quality ZnO:H film is promising as a back reflector material for thin-film solar cells.
Drug and disease signature integration identifies synergistic combinations in glioblastoma (2018)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary adult brain tumor. Despite extensive efforts, the median survival for GBM patients is approximately 14 months. GBM therapy could benefit greatly from patient-specific targeted therapies that maximize treatment efficacy. Here we report a platform termed SynergySeq to identify drug combinations for the treatment of GBM by integrating information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS). We identify differentially expressed genes in GBM samples and devise a consensus gene expression signature for each compound using LINCS L1000 transcriptional profiling data. The SynergySeq platform computes disease discordance and drug concordance to identify combinations of FDA-approved drugs that induce a synergistic response in GBM. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that combining disease-specific gene expression signatures with LINCS small molecule perturbagen-response signatures can identify preclinical combinations for GBM, which can potentially be tested in humans.
Laser-Induced Sub-millisecond Heating Reveals Distinct Tertiary Ester Cleavage Reaction Pathways in a Photolithographic Resist Polymer (2014)

Acid-catalyzed, thermally activated ester cleavage reactions are critical for lithographic patterning processes used in the semiconductor industry. The rates of these high-temperature reactions within polymer thin films are difficult to characterize because of the thermal instability of many polymers and a lack of temperature-resolved measurement techniques. Here we introduce the use of transient laser irradiation to heat a methyladamantane-protected acrylate copolymer to 600 °C in less than a millisecond. These conditions mediate the removal of the protecting groups and enable accurate kinetic measurements. At sub-millisecond exposure to high temperatures (∼600 °C), the rate of the ester cleavage reaction exhibits the expected first-order dependence on acid concentration. In contrast, the reaction exhibits more complex kinetics when the polymer film is heated to lower temperatures (115 °C) on a conventional hot-plate. We identify distinct methyladamantane-derived deprotection products under the high- and low-temperature conditions that are consistent with the observed rate differences. The acid-catalyzed dimerization of 1-methyleneadamantane occurs at low temperature, which reduces the acid concentration available for the ester cleavage. This dimerization reaction is minimized during transient laser-induced heating because bimolecular reactions are disfavored under these conditions. We constructed a mathematical model based on these observations that accounts for the competition for the catalyst between the dimerization and ester cleavage processes. This laser-induced, sub-millisecond heating technique provides a means to probe and model temperature and time regimes of thermally activated reactions in polymer films, and these regimes exhibit distinct and advantageous reaction pathways that will inform future advances in high-performance photolithography.
Halogen Bonding Driven Self‐Assembly of Fluorocarbons and Hydrocarbons (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An alternative to carbon taxes to finance renewable energy systems and offset hydrocarbon based greenhouse gas emissions (2017)

Abstract Carbon taxes are frequently proposed as a means to mitigate the hydrocarbon industry’s environmental impact. This paper assesses the potential benefits of an alternative to carbon taxes (ACT), where hydrocarbon producers directly invest a fixed amount per unit produced into renewable energy systems (e.g., wind farms). Producers maintain ownership of the assets and reinvest a portion of revenue from them to further grow the renewable assets. This proposal could help producers gradually evolve from hydrocarbon to renewable energy companies – avoiding the job losses associated with sudden industry shifts. We present an in-depth case study of the Athabasca oil sands, and extend the results to other regions. We find that wind turbines purchased with an ACT of $12/barrel where $0.03/kWh of produced power is reinvested could offset all the greenhouse gas emissions from extracting and refining the region’s bitumen, provided wind turbines were located at good wind sites. Finally, to increase the grid’s ability to use the wind power generated, energy storage and grid systems should also be an option for ACT investing. Future work should focus on North Dakota, which has extensive hydrocarbon resources collocated with good wind resources.
Volatile Metal Alkoxides according to the Concept of Donor Functionalization (1995)

Abstract Since the fundamental works of D. C. Bradley and R. C. Mehrotra, metal alkoxides have attracted attention because of the diversity of their low‐ and high‐molecular‐weight structures; they are also generating increasing interest as precursor compounds for solving technical materials problems. The understanding of the hydrolytic nucleation behavior is a prerequisite for the optimization of materials from sol–gel processes. For metal alkoxides to be precursors in c hemical v apor d eposition (CVD) processes in the preparation of inorganic oxidic materials, they should be sufficiently volatile, and sublimation should occur without decomposition at as low a temperature as possible (&lt; 150 °C). Only recently, using the “donor functionalization” concept, was a ligand type systematically developed that unifies the advantages of both steric demands and σ‐donor stabilization and so stabilizes low‐molecularweight metal alkoxides. Even large metal ions of low charge (for example Ba 2+ ) can thus form volatile alkoxides. O‐ and N‐donor functions in bidentate and multidentate alkoxo ligands are particularly advantageous; hence, for example, the vanadium derivative [V(OCMe 2 CH 2 OMe) 3 ] is one of the most volatile metal alkoxides known to date. The first alkoxides of the alkaline earth metals calcium, strontium, and barium, which sublime without decomposition, have the formula [M 2 {OC(CH 2 O i Pr) 2 t Bu} 4 ]. This article presents a critical inventory of the metal alkoxides with particular regard to the aspect of volatility. It also describes successes of the donor functionalization concept and shows—in prespective—how alkoxo ligands can be “tailor made” for metals according to their charge‐to‐radius ratio by further development of the concept.
Antidepressant effects of combination of brexpiprazole and fluoxetine on depression-like behavior and dendritic changes in mice after inflammation (2016)

These results suggest that add-on of brexpiprazole to fluoxetine can produce a rapid antidepressant effect in the LPS inflammation model of depression, indicating that adjunctive therapy of brexpiprazole to SSRIs could produce a rapid antidepressant effect in depressed patients with inflammation.
A New Mode of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism by a Potent and Selective Nonsteroidal Molecule (2010)

Limitations of current steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists have stimulated the search for a new generation of molecules. We screened for novel nonsteroidal compounds and identified MR antagonists derived from the chemical class of dihydropyridines. Chemical optimization resulted in BR-4628, which displays high in vitro and in vivo MR potency as well as selectivity with respect to the other steroid hormone receptors and the L-type calcium channel. Biochemical studies demonstrated that BR-4628 forms complexes with MR that do not promote the recruitment of transcriptional co-regulators. Docking experiments, using the crystal structure of the MR ligand-binding domain in an agonist conformation, revealed that BR-4628 accommodates in the MR ligand-binding cavity differently in comparison with the classical steroidal MR antagonists. An alanine scanning mutagenesis approach, based on BR-4628 docking, allowed identifying its anchoring mode within the ligand-binding cavity. Altogether, we propose that BR-4628 is a bulky antagonist that inactivates MR through a passive mechanism. It represents the prototype of a new class of MR antagonists.
Right Heart Dysfunction in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: The Impact of Atrial Fibrillation (2017)

Atrial fibrillation is strongly related to reduced RV and RA function in HFpEF independently from pulmonary pressures.
Evaluation of a64Cu-Labeled Cystine-Knot Peptide Based on Agouti-Related Protein for PET of Tumors Expressing αvβ3Integrin (2010)

A radiolabeled version of the engineered AgRP peptide 7C showed promise as a PET agent for tumors that express the alpha(v)beta(3) integrin. Collectively, these results validate AgRP-based cystine-knot peptides for use in vivo as molecular imaging agents and provide support for the general use of AgRP as a scaffold to develop targeting peptides, and hence diagnostics, against other tumor receptors.
Role of Diamond Nanoparticles in Ni Based Protective Coatings (2017)

Crimson is an Open-access academic publisher has a vision to establish Open Science platform that seeks to provide equal opportunity. Our mission is to offer quality editorial services, significant resources into technology innovation, freely accessible, discoverable scientific information, and high-quality publications.
Satellite Direct-to-Home (2006)

An overview of satellite direct-to-home (DTH) digital television in the Americas is presented, including history, service applications, and a reference architecture identifying key system building blocks. Satellite DTH's relationship to and differences from terrestrial ATSC are highlighted. The paper concludes with notes on the technology evolutions that allowed the introduction of digital DTH satellite service and contribute to its continued growth today.
Technologies for Low-Cost, Hall Effect–Based Magnetic Immunosensors (2017)

This chapter focuses on labeled protocols that employ micron- or nanometer-sized super-paramagnetic particles as labels. It considers assay protocols, packaging, and sample interface technologies proposed for use with magnetic immunoassays. The chapter also focuses on the detection of magnetic labels, with an emphasis on electronic detection through Hall effect devices. Technologies for the high-sensitivity, specific detection of proteins are used routinely in a variety of laboratory tests, ranging from diagnostic tests for infectious disease detection to food integrity evaluation. In the current testing paradigm, samples are collected at the point of need and sent to a central laboratory for preprocessing and evaluation. Laboratories aggregate samples from a relatively large geographical area, and hence are able to amortize the cost of the instrumentation and personnel required to run each test by processing many samples in parallel.
Development Of A Novel Foundation Course For Biomedical Engineering Curriculum (2020)

The Bioengineering undergraduate program at Rice University is developing novel courses to meet its primary program objectives. Students are required to take seven core Bioengineering courses and five elective
Endometrial ablation versus hysterectomy: STOP-DUB. (1998)

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a common clinical condition that frequently leads to hysterectomy. Endometrial ablation --a "minimally invasive" surgical technique that removes or destroys the endometrial lining of the uterus -- is a conservative alternative to hysterectomy for DUB. While endometrial ablation has lower immediate costs and shorter recovery than hysterectomy, symptoms are not always resolved. Available data from studies with admittedly incomplete follow-up suggest that up to one quarter of patients treated with endometrial ablation require repeat ablation or subsequent hysterectomy to stop DUB. This suggests that the short-term advantages of endometrial ablation may be offset by possible longer-term disadvantages. The Surgical Treatments Outcomes Project for Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding (STOP-DUB) is a randomized trial designed to compare endometrial ablation against hysterectomy. The primary outcomes address issues of importance to women, such as quality of life and resolution of symptoms that led to surgery. Other outcomes include subsequent surgery and cost-effectiveness of the procedures. The study's target enrollment is 800 women--400 in each treatment group -- from 20 clinical centers throughout the US. The women will be followed for 2 years after surgery. Part of the STOP-DUB is a parallel observational study that involves women who do not choose surgery or who are not eligible for the randomized trial but could become eligible with time. It is anticipated that the result of this research will provide important information to women and their health care professionals as they consider the relative merits of surgical treatments for DUB.
Double Feedforward Control System Based on Precise Disturbance Modeling for Optical Disk (2013)

Optical disk drive systems must realize high-precision tracking control for their proper operation. For this purpose, we previously proposed a tracking control system that is composed of a high-gain servo controller (HGSC) and a feedforward controller with an equivalent-perfect tracking control (E-PTC) system. However, it is difficult to design the control parameter for actual multi-harmonic disturbances. In this paper, we propose a precise disturbance model of an actual optical disk using the experimental spectrum data of a feedback controller and describe the design of a fine tracking control system. In addition, we propose a double feedforward control (DFFC) system for further high-precision control. The proposed DFFC system is constructed using two zero phase error tracking (ZPET) control systems based on error prediction and trajectory command prediction. Our experimental results confirm that the proposed system effectively suppresses the tracking error at 6000 rpm, which is the disk rotation speed of Digital Versatile Disk Recordable (DVD+R).
Rare‐earth Yttrium Exchanged Cu‐SSZ‐39 Zeolite with Superior Hydrothermal Stability and SO2‐Tolerance in NH3‐SCR of NOx (2022)

Abstract With the increasingly stringent restrictions on engine exhaust gases, efforts to enhance the activity, hydrothermal stability, and SO 2 ‐tolerance of NH 3 ‐SCR catalysts are highly desirable and challenging. Here, we present the concept of controlled sitings of the metal active sites by modifying Cu‐SSZ‐39 with yttrium (Y) as the rare‐earth metal for enhanced NH 3 ‐SCR performances. Cu(0.25)‐Y(0.12)‐AEI(10) shows superior NO x conversion even after harsh hydrothermal aging at 900 °C, conditions under which standard Cu‐AEI cannot withstand. After long‐term SO 2 poisoning, Cu(0.25)‐Y(0.12)‐AEI(10) shows a significantly higher NO x conversion than both Cu‐AEI and conventional Cu‐CHA. The structure‐activity correlation obtained from multiple characterizations, kinetics analyses and DFT calculations reveal that the Y ions act to inhibit dealumination during hydrothermal aging, as a sacrificial agent for SO 2 ‐poisoning, and to stabilize catalytically active Cu centers within the zeolite framework. This synthesis concept provides insight into design of more stable and active NH 3 ‐SCR catalysts in future.