gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Modulation of EZH2 Expression by MEK-ERK or PI3K-AKT Signaling in Lung Cancer Is Dictated by Different KRAS Oncogene Mutations (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;EZH2 overexpression promotes cancer by increasing histone methylation to silence tumor suppressor genes, but how EZH2 levels become elevated in cancer is not understood. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms by which EZH2 expression is regulated in non–small cell lung carcinoma cells by oncogenic KRAS. In cells harboring KRAS&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;G12C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; and KRAS&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;G12D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt; mutations, EZH2 expression was modulated by MEK–ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling, respectively. Accordingly, MEK–ERK depletion decreased EZH2 expression in cells harboring the KRAS&lt;i&gt;&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt; mutation, whereas PI3K/AKT depletion decreased EZH2 expression, EZH2 phosphorylation, and STAT3 activity in KRAS&lt;sup&gt;&lt;i&gt;G12D&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;-mutant cell lines. Combined inhibition of EZH2 and MEK–ERK or PI3K/AKT increased the sensitivity of cells with specific KRAS mutations to MEK–ERK and PI3K/AKT–targeted therapies. Our work defines EZH2 as a downstream effector of KRAS signaling and offers a rationale for combining EZH2 inhibitory strategies with MEK–ERK- or PI3K/AKT–targeted therapies to treat lung cancer patients, as stratified into distinct treatment groups based on specific KRAS mutations. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(3); 675–85. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Light-Induced Hysteresis of In–Ga–Zn–O Thin-Film Transistors With Various Temperatures (2012)

We investigated the hysteresis phenomenon in In-Ga-Zn-O thin-film transistors under light illumination. Hysteresis was observed under the 450-nm illumination and was increased with temperature. Light-induced hysteresis occurs due to increased subband-gap states at the interface between the gate-insulator layer and the active layer. Increased subband-gap states increase the subthreshold slope (SS) during the forward sweep. As temperature increases, the transition rate from neutral oxygen vacancy <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> to doubly ionized oxygen vacancy <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> increases under the same illumination conditions. The SS of the forward sweep increases with temperature due to the increase in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">O</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> states.
Coupled translational-vibrational activation in dissociative hydrogen adsorption on Cu(110) (1989)

The initial dissociative sticking probability of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ on Cu(110) has been measured using vibrationally hot, translationally cold-seeded beams. The results indicate a dissociative barrier which is accessed through energy partition in both translational and vibrational degrees of freedom in the im- pinging hydrogen molecule. The experiment has enabled a determination of the translational requirement in dissociating hydrogen in the first vibrational excited state, and the results place the barrier at \ensuremath{\sim}1 eV, in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Reduction of Nitroaromatics by Non-Metal Hydrazinolysis (1991)

Abstract High temperature (160°C) can substitute for a metal catalyst in achieving the complete reduction of nitroaromatic compounds to corresponding amines by hydrazine.
Novel Polymers for Use in Total Joint Arthroplasty (2018)

Abstract Improving the mechanical properties and wear resistance of polymers used as implant bearing materials requires new approaches and modern technology. This article describes recent work on translating novel materials and coatings into clinical practice to reduce risks and significantly improve orthopedic implant fixation and longevity.
Piezoelectric-Based Power Conversion: Recent Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges (2022)

Pursuits of miniaturization, greater performance, and lower cost for power electronics necessitate advancement of power passive component technologies. While wide-bandgap semiconductor devices and advanced control techniques have enabled substantial size and performance improvements, miniaturizing power electronics remains bottlenecked by the passive components dominating their sizes, particularly magnetics (i.e., inductors and transformers). Magnetic components pose fundamental power handling and efficiency challenges at small scales, amounting to lower power densities at low volume [1]–[3]. On the other hand, switched capacitor converters have achieved record-breaking power densities and efficiencies, but these architectures still require magnetics for efficient voltage regulation. While several miniaturization strategies have been developed despite the limitations of magnetics (e.g., higher switching frequencies, more sophisticated circuit topologies and operating techniques, and improved magnetic designs), they ultimately still face the same scaling impediments. This motivates investigation into alternative passive component technologies for power conversion that can provide the same high-level functionalities as magnetics but with superior scalability to small sizes.
Anomalous Anderson localization behaviors in disordered pseudospin systems (2017)

We discovered unique Anderson localization behaviors of pseudospin systems in a 1D disordered potential. For a pseudospin-1 system, due to the absence of backscattering under normal incidence and the presence of a conical band structure, the wave localization behaviors are entirely different from those of conventional disordered systems. We show that there exists a critical strength of random potential ([Formula: see text]), which is equal to the incident energy ([Formula: see text]), below which the localization length [Formula: see text] decreases with the random strength [Formula: see text] for a fixed incident angle [Formula: see text] But the localization length drops abruptly to a minimum at [Formula: see text] and rises immediately afterward. The incident angle dependence of the localization length has different asymptotic behaviors in the two regions of random strength, with [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] when [Formula: see text] The existence of a sharp transition at [Formula: see text] is due to the emergence of evanescent waves in the systems when [Formula: see text] Such localization behavior is unique to pseudospin-1 systems. For pseudospin-1/2 systems, there is also a minimum localization length as randomness increases, but the transition from decreasing to increasing localization length at the minimum is smooth rather than abrupt. In both decreasing and increasing regions, the [Formula: see text] dependence of the localization length has the same asymptotic behavior [Formula: see text].
Long-term bonding to eroded dentin requires superficial bur preparation (2011)

Although a minimally invasive approach should clinically always be strived for, superficial preparation (or minimal roughening) with a diamond bur is recommendable for long-term bonding to eroded dentin.
Optically Controlled Distributed Quantum Computing Using Atomic Ensembles As Qubits (2016)

Abstract : The goal of this project was to demonstrate the feasibility of realizing a large quantum computer by linking a series of elementary quantum computers (EQCs), using ensembles of atoms as qubits. We built all the tools for making an EQC.However, experimental work revealed that use of light shift imbalance only is not enough to achieve the required blockade. We have now shown why this is the case, and have identified how the blockade can be restored by using Rydberg interaction assisted light-shift imbalance. However, due to lack of necessary lasers, we were unable to demonstrate the EQC using this scheme. Instead, we focused on exploring other aspects of collective state entanglement for precision metrology. Specifically, we have shown how to realize spin-squeezed collective state atomic interferometer (COSAIN) and collective state atomic clock (COSAC), capable of improving the performance by a factor of root-N, thus reaching the Heisenberg limit. Significant experimental work has been carried out to demonstrate these devices, and this work will be carried to completion in the near future.
Rigid Macrocyclic Triamides as Anion Receptors:  Anion-Dependent Binding Stoichiometries and 1H Chemical Shift Changes (2003)

The cyclic triamide of 3'-amino-3-biphenylcarboxlic acid is readily synthesized in a stepwise manner and represents a novel class of anion receptors with a large central cavity. This macrocycle binds more strongly to tetrahedral anions than spherical or planar anions in organic solvents. The binding stoichiometries for anions with symmetrical charge distribution depend on the solvent polarity, while tetrahedral p-tosylate binds to the macrocycle with 1:1 stoichiometry in all solvents studied. The (1)H NMR chemical shift changes of the protons lining the interior of the macrocycle's central cavity also depend on the geometry of the bound anion. The importance of the convergent array of hydrogen bond donors for anion binding by the macrocycle was confirmed by control studies with an acyclic triamide and a macrocycle with intramolecular hydrogen bonds.
Low-Cost Inductive Sensor and Fixture Kit for Measuring Battery Cell Thickness Under Constant Pressure (2022)

This study investigates the application of inductive proximity sensors for accurately measuring battery expansion. Previous research has obtained high accuracy sensing using strain gauges, displacement sensors, and load cells, but has been limited by sensor cost. A proximity sensor based on changes in mutual inductance with a metal target sensor benefits from low cost, high accuracy, simple design, and ease of installation, calibration, and measurement; all allowing for better scalability for testing many cells simultaneously. Initial testing demonstrated that the inductance sensor readings were linearly proportional to displacement at multiple cycling temperatures. Further tests were conducted comparing the performance of the inductance sensor with highly accurate displacement sensors (1µm at $2000). Our sensor demonstrates a 3.2 µm maximum error at less than $20 cost, highlighting the cost-effectiveness of the proposed sensor. Thus, the proposed sensing platform will enable low-cost, high throughput testing of cell expansion.
LRRC23 truncation impairs radial spoke 3 head assembly and sperm motility underlying male infertility (2023)

Radial spokes (RS) are T-shaped multiprotein complexes on the axonemal microtubules. Repeated RS1, RS2, and RS3 couple the central pair to modulate ciliary and flagellar motility. Despite the cell type specificity of RS3 substructures, their molecular components remain largely unknown. Here, we report that a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein, LRRC23, is an RS3 head component essential for its head assembly and flagellar motility in mammalian spermatozoa. From infertile male patients with defective sperm motility, we identified a splice site variant of <i>LRRC23</i>. A mutant mouse model mimicking this variant produces a truncated LRRC23 at the C-terminus that fails to localize to the sperm tail, causing male infertility due to defective sperm motility. LRRC23 was previously proposed to be an ortholog of the RS stalk protein RSP15. However, we found that purified recombinant LRRC23 interacts with an RS head protein RSPH9, which is abolished by the C-terminal truncation. Evolutionary and structural comparison also shows that LRRC34, not LRRC23, is the RSP15 ortholog. Cryo-electron tomography clearly revealed that the absence of the RS3 head and the sperm-specific RS2-RS3 bridge structure in LRRC23 mutant spermatozoa. Our study provides new insights into the structure and function of RS3 in mammalian spermatozoa and the molecular pathogenicity of LRRC23 underlying reduced sperm motility in infertile human males.
Cascade Attribute Network: Decomposing Reinforcement Learning Control Policies using Hierarchical Neural Networks (2020)

Reinforcement learning methods have been developed to achieve great success in training control policies in various automation tasks. However, a main challenge of the wider application of reinforcement learning in practical automation is that the training process is hard and the pretrained policy networks are hardly reusable in other similar cases. To address this problem, we propose the cascade attribute network (CAN), which utilizes its hierarchical structure to decompose a complicated control policy in terms of the requirement constraints, which we call attributes, encoded in the control tasks. We validated the effectiveness of our proposed method on two robot control scenarios with various add-on attributes. For some control tasks with more than one add-on attribute attribute, by directly assembling the attribute modules in cascade, the CAN can provide ideal control policies in a zero-shot manner.
Insight into the chiral induction in supramolecular stacks through preferential chiral solvation (2011)

Preferred handedness in the supramolecular chirality of self-assembled achiral oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) (OPV) derivatives is induced by chiral solvents and spectroscopic probing provides insight into the mechanistic aspects of this chiral induction through chiral solvation.
Transferable and Distributed User Association Policies for 5G and Beyond Networks (2021)

We study the problem of user association, namely finding the optimal assignment of user equipment to base stations to achieve a targeted network performance. In this paper, we focus on the knowledge transferability of association policies. Indeed, traditional non-trivial user association schemes are often scenario-specific or deployment-specific and require a policy re-design or re-learning when the number or the position of the users change. In contrast, transferability allows to apply a single user association policy, devised for a specific scenario, to other distinct user deployments, without needing a substantial re-learning or re-design phase and considerably reducing its computational and management complexity. To achieve transferability, we first cast user association as a multi-agent reinforcement learning problem. Then, based on a neural attention mechanism that we specifically conceived for this context, we propose a novel distributed policy network architecture, which is transferable among users with zero-shot generalization capability i.e., without requiring additional training. Numerical results show the effectiveness of our solution in terms of overall network communication rate, outperforming centralized benchmarks even when the number of users doubles with respect to the initial training point.
Light-Triggered Ruthenium-Catalyzed Allylcarbamate Cleavage in Biological Environments (2012)

The sandwich complex [Cp*Ru(η6-pyrene)]PF6 (Cp* = η5-C5(CH3)5) serves as a photoactivatable catalyst for the conversion of N-allylcarbamates into their amines in the presence of thiophenol under biorelevant conditions (water, air, plus aliphatic thiols) and even in mammalian cells. This new phototriggered substrate/catalyst pair points towards applications in chemical biology and medicinal chemistry where signal amplification is combined with spacial and temporal control.
An efficient and practical EPC synthesis of β‐amino acids from L‐asparagine (1991)

Abstract The synthesis of enantiomerically pure β‐arnino acids (1a‐c) via an O‐activated equivalent of β‐homoserine is discussed. The chiral synthon 2 was planned to be represented by ( S )‐3‐ N,N ‐dibenzylamino‐4‐mesyloxybutanoic acid methyl ester (3) or by ( S )‐3‐ N,N ‐dibenzylamino‐4‐mesyloxybutanenitrile (6). Both intermediates should be approached from L‐aspartic acid 4 or L‐asparagine 5 through selective reduction of the α‐carboxyl group. It turned out that only nitrile 6 was suitable for the envisioned β‐amino acid synthesis, since alcohol 14 ‐ the synthetic precursor of 3 ‐ was unstable towards intramolecular nucleophilic attack to accomplish the chiral building block 15. Reaction of mesylate 6 with different ‘Gilman cuprates’ afforded the 3‐ N,N ‐dibenzylamino nitrile derivatives 22a‐c, which could be readily deprotected to give the target compounds 1a‐c in 23‐36% overall yield from asparagine. In contrast Me 2 Cu(CN)Li 2 as an example for higher order ‘Lipshutz cuprates’ did not afford the desired substitution product 22a. The optical integrity of the synthesis was established by coupling of the methyl ester 24 with chiral 1‐phenylethyl isocyanate followed by appropriate NMR studies of carbamate 25.
Photocatalytic Oxygenation of 10-Methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine by O2 with Manganese Porphyrins (2014)

Photocatalytic oxygenation of 10-methyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (AcrH2) by dioxygen (O2) with a manganese porphyrin [(P)Mn(III): 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphinatomanganese(III) hydroxide [(TMP)Mn(III)(OH)] (1) or 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinatomanganese(III) acetate [(TPFPP)Mn(III)(CH3COO)] (2)] occurred to yield 10-methyl-(9,10H)-acridone (Acr═O) in an oxygen-saturated benzonitrile (PhCN) solution under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic reactivity of (P)Mn(III) in the presence of O2 is in proportion to concentrations of AcrH2 or O2 with the maximum turnover numbers of 17 and 6 for 1 and 2, respectively. The quantum yield with 1 was determined to be 0.14%. Deuterium kinetic isotope effects (KIEs) were observed with KIE = 22 for 1 and KIE = 6 for 2, indicating that hydrogen-atom transfer from AcrH2 is involved in the rate-determining step of the photocatalytic reaction. Femtosecond transient absorption measurements are consistent with photoexcitation of (P)Mn(III), resulting in intersystem crossing from a tripquintet excited state to a tripseptet excited state. A mechanism is proposed where the tripseptet excited state reacts with O2 to produce a putative (P)Mn(IV) superoxo complex. Hydrogen-atom transfer from AcrH2 to (P)Mn(IV)(O2(•-)) generating a hydroperoxo complex (P)Mn(IV)(OOH) and AcrH(•) is likely the rate-determining step, in competition with back electron transfer to regenerate the ground state (P)Mn(III) and O2. The subsequent reductive O-O bond cleavage by AcrH(•) may occur rapidly inside of the reaction cage to produce (P)Mn(V)(O) and AcrH(OH), followed by the oxidation of AcrH(OH) by (P)Mn(V)(O) to yield Acr═O with regeneration of (P)Mn(III).
Unsupervised Learning of Sampling Distributions for Particle Filters (2023)

Accurate estimation of the states of a nonlinear dynamical system is crucial for their design, synthesis, and analysis. Particle filters are estimators constructed by simulating trajectories from a sampling distribution and averaging them based on their importance weight. For particle filters to be computationally tractable, it must be feasible to simulate the trajectories by drawing from the sampling distribution. Simultaneously, these trajectories need to reflect the reality of the nonlinear dynamical system so that the resulting estimators are accurate. Thus, the crux of particle filters lies in designing sampling distributions that are both easy to sample from and lead to accurate estimators. In this work, we propose to learn the sampling distributions. We put forward four methods for learning sampling distributions from observed measurements. Three of the methods are parametric methods in which we learn the mean and covariance matrix of a multivariate Gaussian distribution; each methods exploits a different aspect of the data (generic, time structure, graph structure). The fourth method is a nonparametric alternative in which we directly learn a transform of a uniform random variable. All four methods are trained in an unsupervised manner by maximizing the likelihood that the states may have produced the observed measurements. Our computational experiments demonstrate that learned sampling distributions exhibit better performance than designed, minimum-degeneracy sampling distributions.
Patterns of Daily Physical Movement, Chronic Inflammation, and Frailty Incidence (2022)

Among older adults who are either robust or prefrail, constricted patterns of daily physical activity (i.e., lower total activity minutes and counts, and higher activity fragmentation) were prospectively associated with higher risk of frailty but not modified by frailty-related chronic inflammation. Additional studies, particularly trials, are needed to understand if this association is causal.
DiSSiMiL: Diverse Small Size Mini‐Libraries applied to simple and rapid epitope mapping of a monoclonal antibody (2001)

Methods for screening protein-protein interactions are useful in protein science and for the generation of drug leads. We set out to develop a simplified assay to rapidly test protein-protein interactions, with a library of 400 pentapeptides comprising the 20 natural amino acids at two variable positions followed by three glycines (NH2-X1X2GGG). The library was used to identify the epitope of monoclonal antibody (mAb) 10D11 directed against the HOXD4 protein. Three pentapeptide 'hits' were selected (VYGGG, PWGGG and WKGGG) from direct binding assays screening for pentapeptide-mAb interactions; and from assays using pentapeptides in solution to competitively block HOXD4-mAb interactions. Alignment of the three 'hit' pentapeptides to the HOXD4 sequence predicts the mAb 10D11 epitope as NH2-VYPWMK. Synthesis of NH2-VYPWMK hexapeptide confirmed this prediction; and an alanine scan of HOXD4 ablated binding by mAb 10D11 when amino acids in the putative epitope were mutated. We propose that these simplified but diverse libraries can be used for rapid epitope mapping of some mAbs, and for generating lead small peptide analogs that interfere with receptor-ligand or other protein-protein interactions, or with enzymatic activity.
Atomic Force Microscopy on Imogolite, Aluminosilicate Nanotube, Adsorbed on Au(111) Surface (2005)

Natural imogolite and its adsorption structure were studied on a Au (111) substrate by tapping- and non contact (NC)-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). When the length of the imogolite tubes was over 2–3 micrometers, a tangled structure was observed. In contrast, when the length was shortened to 1 µm, a layered structure consisting of well-ordered imogolite tubes was formed. When the length was shortened further, imogolite tubes dispersed on the substrate. These results indicate that the adsorption structure is influenced by the interaction between imogolite tubes depending on their length, suggesting the controllability of the structures of this material. The structure of a single imogolite tube itself is also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapamycin Synthetic Studies. Part 1. Construction of the C(27)‐C(42) Subunit. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.