gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Galiellalactone reduces the adhesion of platelets to the ligation-injured arteria carotis communis. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;In a common carotid artery thrombosis model, carotid injury in ApoE-deficient mice either fed for 18 weeks with normal chow diet (ND) or western-type diet (WD) (treated with Galiellalactone (Gal) or vehicle (PBS/EtOH) for 6 weeks) was induced for 5 minutes by transient ligation. The adhesion of fluorescence-labeled platelets of donor mice to the injured blood vessel was observed every 5 minutes after injury &lt;i&gt;in situ&lt;/i&gt; by high-speed intra-vital epifluorescence high-speed video microscopy for an observation period of 30 minutes. The upper panel (A) shows representative images of adhering platelets 30 minutes after injury. Data shown in the lower panel (B) are mean ± SEM of 3–4 mice (*** = p &lt; 0.001 vs. WD + PBS/EtOH; ns = not significant vs. ND; two-way ANOVA).&lt;/p&gt;
True random number generator using current difference based on a fractional stochastic model in 40-nm embedded ReRAM (2016)

We have successfully developed a robust ReRAM true random number generator, using current difference, that does not require extra chip area. True random numbers are guaranteed by the current difference in the 1/f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">β</sup> noise generated by Brownian motion, as tested using a fractional SDE model and verified using 1/f <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">β</sup> noise distribution. A highly reliable 40-nm ReRAM true random number generator circuit was designed and passed NIST SP800-22 randomness tests across all combinations of voltage (VDD ± 0.1 V) and temperature (-40 to 125 °C). The random number throughput achieves 32 Mbps with a low power consumption of 0.04 nJ/bit.
Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Cd8+ T Cells Undergoing Peripheral Deletion in Response to Cross-Presentation of Self-Antigen (2001)

Not all T cells specific for autoantigens are eliminated in the thymus, and therefore alternate mechanisms are required to prevent potentially autoreactive T cells from developing into effectors. Adoptive transfer of CD8(+) T cells from influenza hemagglutinin-specific Clone 4 TCR transgenic mice into mice that express hemagluttinin in the pancreatic islets results in tolerance. This is preceded by activation of Clone 4 T cells that encounter antigen cross-presented in the draining lymph nodes of the pancreas. In this report we compare the phenotype, function, and costimulatory requirements of Clone 4 T cells activated by endogenous self-antigen, with Clone 4 T cells stimulated by influenza virus. The cells undergoing tolerance upregulate both CD69 and CD44, yet only partially downregulate CD62L, and do not express CD49d or CD25. Most importantly, they lack the ability to produce interferon-gamma in response to antigen and show no cytolytic activity. Clone 4 T cells disappear after several cycles of division, apparently without leaving the site of initial activation. Surprisingly, despite the fact that such stimulation occurs through recognition of antigen that is cross-presented by a professional antigen-presenting cell, we find this activation is not dependent on costimulation through CD28. These data demonstrate that the recognition by naive CD8(+) T cells of cross-presented self-antigen results in localized proliferation and deletion, without the production of effector cells.
Atypical squamous cells. A case-series study of the association between papanicolaou smear results and human papillomavirus DNA genotype. (1991)

Thirty women with "atypical" squamous cells but not cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) on their Papanicolaou smears were tested for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) with the Southern blot hybridization technique. The Papanicolaou smears were reviewed for the presence of atypical squamous cells according to Patten's criteria. Comparison groups consisted of 30 patients with normal, 29 patients with CIN I and 24 patients with CIN II Papanicolaou smears. Ten of the 30 women (33%) with atypical cells on Papanicolaou smears were positive for HPV DNA as compared to 17% with normal and 59% with CIN I or II Papanicolaou smears. HPV 16 was present in 70-80% of the HPV DNA-positive patients in each Papanicolaou smear group. Concurrent CIN was also identified on colposcopically directed biopsies in 27% of the patients with squamous atypia. Patients with atypical squamous cells on Papanicolaou smears had coexisting HPV infection and CIN in about one-third of the cases. Colposcopy and further follow-up are recommended for such patients.
Achieving the Health Care Financing Administration limits by quality improvement and quality control. A real-world example. (1992)

With the enactment of the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA 88), the federal government is now using proficiency testing as the primary indicator of laboratory quality. Laboratories with proficiency test failures are now at risk of a variety of harsh penalties including large monetary fines and suspension of operations. To minimize the risk of failed proficiency testing, we initiated a continuous quality improvement program in our general chemistry laboratory in conjunction with the use of a new survey-validated quality control product. This article describes the quality improvement program and our success in reducing the long-term random error in general chemistry. Despite our improvement program, significant analytical errors (greater than 30% of the CLIA limits) still exist in analytes measured by our chemistry analyzer. These errors are present in nearly the same analytes measured by other common chemistry analyzers indicating the need for improvement in their design and manufacture.
Propane and propane–water interactions: a study at cryogenic temperatures (2017)

The phase transition of solid propane and a propane-water mixture under ultrahigh vacuum has been investigated using reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS). Here, the investigation is divided into two sections: the phase transition of pure propane and the interaction of propane with water. RAIR spectra of pure propane reveal an unknown crystalline phase at 50 K (phase I), which gradually converts to a known crystalline phase (phase II) at higher temperature. This conversion is associated with certain kinetics. Co-deposition of water and propane restricts the amorphous to crystalline phase transition, while sequential deposition (H<sub>2</sub>O@C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>; propane over predeposited water) does not hinder it. For an alternative sequential deposition (C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>@H<sub>2</sub>O; water over predeposited propane), the phase transition is hindered due to diffusional mixing within the given experimental time, which is attributed to the reason behind the restricted phase transition.
Conversational Search with Mixed-Initiative - Asking Good Clarification Questions backed-up by Passage Retrieval (2022)

We deal with the scenario of conversational search, where user queries are under-specified or ambiguous. This calls for a mixed-initiative setup. User-asks (queries) and system-answers, as well as system-asks (clarification questions) and user response, in order to clarify her information needs. We focus on the task of selecting the next clarification question, given the conversation context. Our method leverages passage retrieval from a background content to fine-tune two deep-learning models for ranking candidate clarification questions. We evaluated our method on two different use-cases. The first is an open domain conversational search in a large web collection. The second is a taskoriented customer-support setup. We show that our method performs well on both use-cases.
Measurement of the high-mass Drell–Yan differential cross-section in pp collisions at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2013)

This Letter reports a measurement of the high-mass Drell-Yan differential cross-section in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV at the LHC. Based on an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb -1 , the differential cross-section in the Z / * e + e -channel is measured with the ATLAS detector as a function of the invariant mass, m ee , in the range 116 < m ee < 1500 GeV, for a fiducial region in which both the electron and the positron have transverse momentum p T > 25 GeV and pseudorapidity || < 2.5.
Increased Single‐Nucleotide Discrimination of PCR by Primer Probes Bearing Hydrophobic 4′C Modifications (2004)

Abstract We report on significantly increased selectivity of real‐time PCR through employment of primer probes that bear hydrophobic 4′ C modifications at the 3′‐terminal nucleotide. The primer probes were designed to bind the target sequences in such a way that the 3′‐terminal nucleotide defines whether a matched or a single mismatched basepair is present depending on the respective target sequence. Several commercially available thermostable DNA polymerases belonging to different DNA polymerase families were tested for their efficacy in discriminating between PCR amplification of matched substrates and duplexes that contain a single mismatch. It turned out that, depending on the 4′ C modification and the employed DNA polymerase, significantly increased differentiation between single matches and mismatches could be observed with real‐time PCR. The degrees of the observed effects varied with the employed 4′ C modification and the sequence context studied. The system is robust enough to work faithfully under several buffer conditions. Our approach should be useful for the direct diagnosis of single nucleotide variations within genes, like single nucleotide polymorphisms or mutations, by PCR without the need for further time‐ and cost‐intensive post‐PCR analysis.
Field-based simulations of directed self-assembly in a mixed brush system (2010)

Self-assembling block copolymer thin films have attracted considerable attention as a promising high resolution lithographic tool due to the 10 nm scale of microdomain ordering and their facility for modulation of size and pattern. However, for block copolymer lithography to be a viable solution for advanced nano-lithographic technologies, several critical requirements need to be satisfied. Our research has focused on developing complementary mixed polymer brush lithography tools satisfying the required criteria, by means of Self-Consistent Field Theory (SCFT) simulations. Specifically, we have concentrated on graphoepitaxial techniques that are widely tested and considered a particularly promising method for controlling the microdomain ordering.
Broadband and polarization-independent efficient vertical optical coupling with Si integrated 45 degree mirror (2015)

Efficient vertical optical coupling of a silicon photonics chip was demonstrated with Si integrated 45 degree mirror. Additional coupling loss was around 1.2 dB over broadband wavelength of 1450-1650 nm for TE/TM polarization.
Leveraging Photometric Consistency Over Time for Sparsely Supervised Hand-Object Reconstruction (2020)

Modeling hand-object manipulations is essential for understanding how humans interact with their environment. While of practical importance, estimating the pose of hands and objects during interactions is challenging due to the large mutual occlusions that occur during manipulation. Recent efforts have been directed towards fully-supervised methods that require large amounts of labeled training samples. Collecting 3D ground-truth data for hand-object interactions, however, is costly, tedious, and error-prone. To overcome this challenge we present a method to leverage photometric consistency across time when annotations are only available for a sparse subset of frames in a video. Our model is trained end-to-end on color images to jointly reconstruct hands and objects in 3D by inferring their poses. Given our estimated reconstructions, we differentiably render the optical flow between pairs of adjacent images and use it within the network to warp one frame to another. We then apply a self-supervised photometric loss that relies on the visual consistency between nearby images. We achieve state-of-the-art results on 3D hand-object reconstruction benchmarks and demonstrate that our approach allows us to improve the pose estimation accuracy by leveraging information from neighboring frames in low-data regimes.
Generation of sports highlights using a combination of supervised & unsupervised learning in audio domain (2004)

In our past work we have used supervised audio classification to develop a common audio-based platform for highlight extraction that works across three different sports. We then use a heuristic to post-process the classification results to identify interesting events and also to adjust the summary length. In this paper, we propose a combination of unsupervised and supervised learning approaches to replace the heuristic. The proposed unsupervised framework mines the semantic audio-visual labels so as to detect "interesting" events. We then use a hidden Markov model based approach to control the length of the summary. Our experimental results show that the proposed techniques are promising.
Prognostic Factors, Pattern of Recurrence and Survival in a Danish Bladder Cancer Cohort Treated with Radical Cystectomy (2003)

A cohort of 248 consecutive patients with bladder cancer undergoing radical cystectomy between 1992 and 98 was retrospectively followed from diagnosis until death. Prognostic factors, pattern of recurrence and survival were analysed. Pathological T and N, angiolymphatic and perineural invasion had an independent prognostic influence on survival. Patients without muscle-invasive tumour (Ta, T1) had a good prognosis, whereas patients with primarily superficial tumour progressing to muscle-invasive tumour had a significantly poorer outcome. Forty-six percent of these patients developed recurrences in the follow-up period, with a median time from recurrence to death of 5 months. The 5-year disease-specific survival for all 248 patients was 57%. Patients with pT4b or N + all died within 3 years. Patients with positive lymph nodes or T4b were not curable with cystectomy alone. Patients with advanced T or with perineural/vessel invasion are in need of improved treatment options. Patients with superficial tumours at high risk of progression should be offered early cystectomy.
Identification and Reconstruction of the Binding Site within αMβ2 for a Specific and High Affinity Ligand, NIF (1997)

Engagement of the alphaMbeta2 (CD11b/CD18, Mac-1) integrin on neutrophils supports adhesion and induces various cellular responses. These responses can be blocked by a specific ligand of alphaMbeta2, neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF). The molecular basis of alphaMbeta2-NIF interactions was studied. The single chain alphaM subunit, expressed on the surface of human 293 cells, bound NIF with an affinity equivalent to that of alphaMbeta2 heterodimer. This observation, coupled with previous data showing that the alphaMI domain alone supported high affinity NIF binding, indicated that the binding site for NIF is restricted to the I domain. Guided by the crystal structure of the alphaMI domain, 16 segments corresponding to the entire outer hydrated surface of alphaMI domain were switched to their counterparts sequences in alphaL, which does not bind NIF. Surface expression and heterodimer formation were achieved for all mutants, and correct folding was confirmed. Of the 16 switches, only 5 affected NIF binding substantially, reducing affinity by 8-300-fold. These data confined the NIF-binding site to a narrow region composed of Pro147-Arg152, Pro201-Lys217, and Asp248-Arg261 of alphaM. Verifying this localization, when these segments were introduced into the alphaXI-domain, the resulting chimeric receptor was converted into a high affinity NIF-binding protein.
Anaerobic killing of mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa by acidified nitrite derivatives under cystic fibrosis airway conditions (2006)

Mucoid, mucA mutant Pseudomonas aeruginosa cause chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and are refractory to phagocytosis and antibiotics. Here we show that mucoid bacteria perish during anaerobic exposure to 15 mM nitrite (NO2) at pH 6.5, which mimics CF airway mucus. Killing required a pH lower than 7, implicating formation of nitrous acid (HNO2) and NO, that adds NO equivalents to cellular molecules. Eighty-seven percent of CF isolates possessed mucA mutations and were killed by HNO2 (3-log reduction in 4 days). Furthermore, antibiotic-resistant strains determined were also equally sensitive to HNO2. More importantly, HNO2 killed mucoid bacteria (a) in anaerobic biofilms; (b) in vitro in ultrasupernatants of airway secretions derived from explanted CF patient lungs; and (c) in mouse lungs in vivo in a pH-dependent fashion, with no organisms remaining after daily exposure to HNO2 for 16 days. HNO2 at these levels of acidity and NO2 also had no adverse effects on cultured human airway epithelia in vitro. In summary, selective killing by HNO2 may provide novel insights into the important clinical goal of eradicating mucoid P. aeruginosa from the CF airways.
Alginate Hydrogel Protects Encapsulated Hepatic HuH-7 Cells against Hepatitis C Virus and Other Viral Infections (2014)

Cell microencapsulation in alginate hydrogel has shown interesting applications in regenerative medicine and the biomedical field through implantation of encapsulated tissue or for bioartificial organ development. Although alginate solution is known to have low antiviral activity, the same property regarding alginate gel has not yet been studied. The aim of this work is to investigate the potential protective effect of alginate encapsulation against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for a hepatic cell line (HuH-7) normally permissive to the virus. Our results showed that alginate hydrogel protects HuH-7 cells against HCV when the supernatant was loaded with HCV. In addition, alginate hydrogel blocked HCV particle release out of the beads when the HuH-7 cells were previously infected and encapsulated. There was evidence of interaction between the molecules of alginate hydrogel and HCV, which was dose- and incubation time-dependent. The protective efficiency of alginate hydrogel towards HCV infection was confirmed against a variety of viruses, whether or not they were enveloped. This promising interaction between an alginate matrix and viruses, whose chemical mechanisms are discussed, is of great interest for further medical therapeutic applications based on tissue engineering.
A Low Area Overhead Design for High-Performance General-Synchronous Circuits with Speculative Execution (2019)

In order to obtain higher performance of digital circuits in advanced technology nodes, the effects of delay variability on performance should be reduced as much as possible with less overheads. Clock scheduling and speculative execution have potential to ease the influence of the delay difference among signal paths and the delay variability in each signal path, respectively. In this paper, we propose a high-performance digital circuit design method with speculative executions with less overhead by utilizing clock scheduling with delay insertions effectively. The necessity of speculations that cause overheads is effectively reduced by clock scheduling with delay insertion. Experiments show that a generated circuit achieves 26% performance improvement with 1.3% area overhead compared to a circuit without clock scheduling and without speculative execution.
Model predictive controller matching: Can MPC enjoy small signal properties of my favorite linear controller? (2009)

Model predictive control (MPC) strategies can efficiently deal with constraints on system states, inputs, and outputs. However, in contrast with linear control techniques, closed-loop frequency-domain properties of MPC such as sensitivity and robustness to small perturbations are difficult to enforce a priori. This paper considers the problem of transforming a given linear feedback control design, referred to as “favorite controller”, into a model predictive control one. In this way, the MPC controller inherits all the stability, robustness and frequency properties of the given favorite controller in the region around the equilibrium where the constraints are not active. The added value is that the constructed MPC controller is able to properly handle constraints that may be activated during the transient, and that global stability in the set of feasible initial conditions can be guaranteed.
Self-Structured Conductive Filament Nanoheater for Chalcogenide Phase Transition (2015)

Ge2Sb2Te5-based phase-change memories (PCMs), which undergo fast and reversible switching between amorphous and crystalline structural transformation, are being utilized for nonvolatile data storage. However, a critical obstacle is the high programming current of the PCM cell, resulting from the limited pattern size of the optical lithography-based heater. Here, we suggest a facile and scalable strategy of utilizing self-structured conductive filament (CF) nanoheaters for Joule heating of chalcogenide materials. This CF nanoheater can replace the lithographical-patterned conventional resistor-type heater. The sub-10 nm contact area between the CF and the phase-change material achieves significant reduction of the reset current. In particular, the PCM cell with a single Ni filament nanoheater can be operated at an ultralow writing current of 20 μA. Finally, phase-transition behaviors through filament-type nanoheaters were directly observed by using transmission electron microscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Arene‐Olefin Cycloadditions. Part 3. Total Synthesis of (±)‐Hirsutene. (1983)

Abstract 2,6‐Dimethyl‐brombenzol (I) reagiert mit 2,2‐Dimethyl‐4‐pentenal (II) in einer Grignard‐Reaktion zum Alkohol (IIIa) und dessen Acetat (IIIb).
Cost-effective Network Capacity Enhancement with Multi-band Virtual Bypass Links (2023)

A cost-effective network expansion method through the use of virtual links in which multi-band transmission is introduced. Network capacity enhancement reaches over 10% just with the introduction of a few virtual links on each topology.
A high voltage gain quasi Z-source isolated DC/DC converter (2014)

A compact quasi-Z-source DC/DC converter is presented with high voltage gain, isolated output, and improved efficiency. The improvements in size and performance were achieved by using a square wave inverter with only two output switches driving an isolating transformer in push-pull mode, followed by a voltage doubling output rectifier. The converter is well-suited to applications requiring a high voltage gain, especially renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic and fuel-cell power supplies. To demonstrate the converter's performance a prototype designed to output 400 V at 500 W was constructed and tested. The efficiency at full load varied from 89.0% to 97.4% as the input voltage changed from 44 V to 82 V.