gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Optimization of RF-Energy Harvesting-assisted Quantum Battery System (2021)

The quest for finding a small-sized energy supply to run the small-scale wireless gadgets, with almost an infinite lifetime, has intrigued humankind since past several decades. In this context, the concept of Quantum batteries has come into limelight more recently to serve the purpose. However, the main issue revolving around the closed-system design of Quantum batteries is to ensure a loss-less environment, which is extremely difficult to realize in practice. In this paper, we present the modeling and optimization aspects of a Radio-Frequency (RF) Energy Harvesting (EH) assisted Quantum battery, wherein several EH modules (in the form of micro- or nano- sized integrated circuits (ICs)) help each of the involved Quantum sources achieve the so-called quasi-stable state. Specifically, a micro-controller manages the overall harvested energy from the RF-EH ICs and a photon emitting device, such that the emitted photons are absorbed by the electrons in the Quantum sources. In order to precisely model and optimize the considered framework, we formulate a transmit power minimization problem for an RF-based wireless system to optimize the number of RF-EH ICs under the given EH constraints at the Quantum battery-enabled wireless device. We obtain an analytical solution to the above-mentioned problem using a rational approach, while additionally seeking another solution obtained via a non-linear program solver. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is reported in the form of numerical results by taking a range of system parameters into account.
Ontogeny stage-independent and high-level clonal expansion in vitro of mouse hematopoietic stem cells stimulated by an engineered NUP98-HOX fusion transcription factor (2011)

Achieving high-level expansion of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in vitro will have an important clinical impact in addition to enabling elucidation of their regulation. Here, we couple the ability of engineered NUP98-HOXA10hd expression to stimulate > 1000-fold net expansions of murine HSCs in 10-day cultures initiated with bulk lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-kit(+) cells, with strategies to purify fetal and adult HSCs and analyze their expansion clonally. We find that NUP98-HOXA10hd stimulates comparable expansions of HSCs from both sources at ∼ 60% to 90% unit efficiency in cultures initiated with single cells. Clonally expanded HSCs consistently show balanced long-term contributions to the lymphoid and myeloid lineages without evidence of leukemogenic activity. Although effects on fetal and adult HSCs were indistinguishable, NUP98-HOXA10hd-transduced adult HSCs did not thereby gain a competitive advantage in vivo over freshly isolated fetal HSCs. Live-cell image tracking of single transduced HSCs cultured in a microfluidic device indicates that NUP98-HOXA10hd does not affect their proliferation kinetics, and flow cytometry confirmed the phenotype of normal proliferating HSCs and allowed reisolation of large numbers of expanded HSCs at a purity of 25%. These findings point to the effects of NUP98-HOXA10hd on HSCs in vitro being mediated by promoting self-renewal and set the stage for further dissection of this process.
Iodine-catalyzed esterification of polysaccharides (2009)

Esters of cellulose and starch are well known commercial materials. Cellulose acetate, for example, is a major product with annual global production of over 1.5 billion pounds. The conventional acetylation processes involve solvents such as methylene chloride or high temperature with sulfuric or perchloric acid as a catalyst. A review is provided here of the recent reports concerning rapid, alternative preparation of cellulose and starch esters. The process entails reaction of the cellulose or starch with acetic anhydride in the presence of a catalytic level of iodine, and in the absence of additional solvents. The reactant stoichiometry, reaction temperature, and reaction time all have effects on the degree of substitution of the ester and the reaction yield. Included in the review are the proposed modes of action for iodine, the mechanism, and assessment of the utility of this approach.
A gut-vascular barrier controls the systemic dissemination of bacteria (2015)

In healthy individuals, the intestinal microbiota cannot access the liver, spleen, or other peripheral tissues. Some pathogenic bacteria can reach these sites, however, and can induce a systemic immune response. How such compartmentalization is achieved is unknown. We identify a gut-vascular barrier (GVB) in mice and humans that controls the translocation of antigens into the blood stream and prohibits entry of the microbiota. Salmonella typhimurium can penetrate the GVB in a manner dependent on its pathogenicity island (Spi) 2-encoded type III secretion system and on decreased β-catenin-dependent signaling in gut endothelial cells. The GVB is modified in celiac disease patients with elevated serum transaminases, which indicates that GVB dismantling may be responsible for liver damage in these patients. Understanding the GVB may provide new insights into the regulation of the gut-liver axis.
Force distributions in three-dimensional granular assemblies: Effects of packing order and interparticle friction (2001)

We present a systematic investigation of the distribution of normal forces at the boundaries of static packings of spheres. A method for the efficient construction of large hexagonal-close-packed crystals is introduced and used to study the effect of spatial ordering on the distribution of forces. Under uniaxial compression we find that the form for the probability distribution of normal forces between particles does not depend strongly on crystallinity or interparticle friction. In all cases the distribution decays exponentially at large forces and shows a plateau or possibly a small peak near the average force but does not tend to zero at small forces.
Epigenetic inactivation of laminin-5-encoding genes in lung cancers. (2003)

Our results demonstrate frequent epigenetic inactivation of LN5-encoding genes in lung cancers, and these findings are of biological interest and are potentially of clinical importance.
On the Estimation of Flow Properties of Polyolefins Based on Fast and Conventional Size Exclusion Chromatography (2004)

Abstract Summary: The present article highlights the possible perdiction of flow properties of polyolefins by fast and conventional size exclusion chromatography measurements. By using a rheological model based on double reptation the viscosity function under shear can be predicted from the molecular mass distribution. The predicted flow curves for polyolefins of narrow molecular mass distributions agree fairly well with the measured data. Comparison of predicted and measured complex viscosity functions of polyethylenes with narrow molecular mass distribution. magnified image Comparison of predicted and measured complex viscosity functions of polyethylenes with narrow molecular mass distribution.
Gliovascular and cytokine interactions modulate brain endothelial barrier in vitro (2011)

The glio-vascular unit (G-unit) plays a prominent role in maintaining homeostasis of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and disturbances in cells forming this unit may seriously dysregulate BBB. The direct and indirect effects of cytokines on cellular components of the BBB are not yet unclear. The present study compares the effects of cytokines and cytokine-treated astrocytes on brain endothelial barrier. 3-dimensional transwell co-cultures of brain endothelium and related-barrier forming cells with astrocytes were used to investigate gliovascular barrier responses to cytokines during pathological stresses. Gliovascular barrier was measured using trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TEER), a sensitive index of in vitro barrier integrity. We found that neither TNF-α, IL-1β or IFN-γ directly reduced barrier in human or mouse brain endothelial cells or ECV-304 barrier (independent of cell viability/metabolism), but found that astrocyte exposure to cytokines in co-culture significantly reduced endothelial (and ECV-304) barrier. These results indicate that the barrier established by human and mouse brain endothelial cells (and other cells) may respond positively to cytokines alone, but that during pathological conditions, cytokines dysregulate the barrier forming cells indirectly through astrocyte activation involving reorganization of junctions, matrix, focal adhesion or release of barrier modulating factors (e.g. oxidants, MMPs).
Changes in the incidences of the different serovars of Haemophilus paragallinarum in South Africa: a possible explanation for vaccination failures. (1996)

Infectious coryza remains an important disease in the poultry industry despite the long-term and widespread use of vaccines against its causative agent, Haemophilus paragallinarum, in South Africa. In order to detect antigenic changes between populations of H. paragallinarum isolated before the use of vaccines against infectious coryza in this country, and field isolates obtained after the introduction of infectious coryza vaccines, 106 different NAD-dependent isolates (of which 93 were identified as H. paragallinarum) from 63 different farms, and dating from 1972 to March 1995, were identified by means of rabbit antisera against serogroups A, B and C. Serogroup C isolates show weaker cross-protection, requiring the further subdivision of this serogroup into its four different serovars. The percentages of the different serovars obtained in the 1970s, confirmed previously published data on South African isolates. A tendency towards a decrease in the number of serogroup A and serovar C-2 isolates, and an increase in the percentage of serovar C-3 isolates, was noted among isolates of the 1980s. These changes were markedly enhanced in the isolates obtained from 1990 to March 1995. The percentage of serogroup A isolates decreased significantly from 34% in the 1970s to only 5% in the 1990s, and that of serovar C-2 isolates, from 31-18%, while the abundance of serovar C-3 isolates increased significantly from 31% in the 1970s to 73% in the 1990s. Serogroup B remained more or less constant and never reached more than 10% of the population. These results indicate the need for the incorporation of serovar C-3 in a vaccine for use in South Africa, particularly in those areas of the country from which isolates were collected during this study. Some of the NAD-dependent isolates obtained from poultry in South Africa between 1970 and 1995, were biochemically identified as Pasteurella avium and P. volantium. As H. avium has been subdivided and reclassified into the genus Pasteurella, this represents the first report of the identification of P. avium and P. volantium in South Africa.
BRIEF COMMUNICATIONS Atypical Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates that share antigenic determinants with both serotypes 1 and 7 (2000)

In the present study, the characterization of 3 atypical isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumon- iae is presented. Two isolates (1B and 27E) showed positive reactions in coagglutination, immunodiffusion, and indirect hemagglutination tests for serotypes 1 and 7, whereas the third isolate (26B) reacted with antisera to serotypes 1, 4, and 7. These atypical isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae possessed a capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigenically related to serotype 1 as well as an O-chain lipopolysaccharide antigenically related to serotype 7 or to serotypes 4 and 7, as shown by the use of monoclonal antibodies. Results of toxin profile and virulence assays for mice and pigs showed them to be more related to A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 field isolates. All 3 isolates induced antibodies mainly against serotype 7/4 O-long-chain lipopolysaccharide (LC- LPS) and, to a lesser extent, to the CPS of serotype 1, in experimentally infected pigs. Diagnostic laboratories that use a LC-LPS-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for serodiagnosis of A. pleuropneu- moniae infection in swine would probably diagnose herds infected with these atypical isolates as being infected by A. pleuropneumoniaeserotypes 7 or 4, whereas those that use a CPS-based ELISA would probably consider them as infected by A. pleuropneumoniaeserotype 1. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeis associated with swine pleuropneumonia, an important contagious swine disease found throughout the world. Until now, a total of 12 nico- tinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent serotypes have been described; serotypes 1, 5, and 7 are most com- monly isolated from clinical cases of pleuropneumonia in North America. 14
Fisher information analysis of digital pulse timing (2015)

In positron emission tomography (PET), it is possible to obtain useful time-of-flight (TOF) information if the gamma-ray detectors have less than 750 ps timing resolution. Including TOF information to the reconstruction algorithm increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We obtain timing information by analyzing digital sampled waveforms, where the sampling frequency and number of points acquired affect timing estimation. An efficient data acquisition system acquires the minimum number of samples that contains the most timing information for a desired resolution. We describe a maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation algorithm to assign a time stamp to digital pulses. The method is based on a contracting-grid search algorithm that can be implemented in a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The Fisher information (FI) matrix that corresponds to the likelihood in the ML estimator quantifies the amount of timing information that can be extracted from the waveforms. Fisher information analyses on different segments of the waveform allow us to determine the amount of data that we need to acquire in order to obtain a desired timing resolution. We present how we simulate waveforms for ML estimation and FI analysis, the ML estimation algorithm and the timing resolution obtained from experimental data using a LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> crystal and two photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The results show that for lengthening segments of the pulse, timing resolution approaches a limit. This information will be used to build an efficient DAQ with reduced complexity and cost that nonetheless preserves full timing performance.
Rofecoxib Increases Susceptibility of Human LDL and Membrane Lipids to Oxidative Damage: A Mechanism of Cardiotoxicity (2006)

Clinical investigations have demonstrated a relationship between the extended use of rofecoxib and the increased risk for atherothrombotic events. This has led to the removal of rofecoxib from the market and concern over the cardiovascular safety of other cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 selective agents. Experimental findings from independent laboratories now indicate that the cardiotoxicity of rofecoxib may not be a class effect but because of its intrinsic chemical properties. Specifically, rofecoxib has been shown to increase the susceptibility of human low-density lipoprotein and cellular membrane lipids to oxidative modification, a contributing factor to plaque instability and thrombus formation. Independently of COX-2 inhibition, rofecoxib also promoted the nonenzymatic formation of isoprostanes and reactive aldehydes from biologic lipids. The basis for these observations is that rofecoxib alters lipid structure and readily forms a reactive maleic anhydride in the presence of oxygen. By contrast, other selective (celecoxib, valdecoxib) and nonselective (naproxen, diclofenac) inhibitors did not influence rates of low-density lipoprotein and membrane lipid oxidation. We have now further confirmed these findings by demonstrating that the prooxidant activity of rofecoxib can be blocked by the potent antioxidant astaxanthin in homochiral form (all-trans 3S, 3'S). These findings provide a mechanistic rationale for differences in cardiovascular risk among COX-selective inhibitors because of their intrinsic physicochemical properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Reagent Control in the Aldol Addition Reaction of Chiral Boron Enolates with Chiral Aldehydes (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Table S1 from Discovery of Candidate DNA Methylation Cancer Driver Genes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sequencing metrics of RRBS data.&lt;/p&gt;
Oscillatory stress stimulation uncovers an Achilles’ heel of the yeast MAPK signaling network (2015)

Cells must interpret environmental information that often changes over time. In our experiment, we systematically monitored the growth of yeast cells under various frequencies of oscillating osmotic stress. Growth was severely inhibited at a particular resonance frequency, at which cells show hyperactivated transcriptional stress responses. This behavior represents a sensory misperception: The cells incorrectly interpret oscillations as a staircase of ever-increasing osmolarity. The misperception results from the capacity of the osmolarity-sensing mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) network to retrigger with sequential osmotic stresses. Although this feature is critical for coping with natural challenges, such as continually increasing osmolarity, it results in a trade-off of fragility to non-natural oscillatory inputs that match the retriggering time. These findings demonstrate the value of non-natural dynamic perturbations in exposing hidden sensitivities of cellular regulatory networks.
Multi-Band Filters for Frequency Division Multiplexing networks in power line communications (2009)

In order to construct large networks in PLC system, FDM (frequency division multiplexing) or TDM (time division multiplexing) access scheme is often used. In general, the FDM is better solution for the systems which require real-time performance, but interference signals from adjacent sub-networks must be rejected by the analog filters to prevent the receiving sensitivity degradation of the desired signals. In this paper, a novel filter circuit, called ldquomulti-band filtersrdquo, is proposed to realize analog band-pass filter banks. The design method and the measurement results of the frequency characteristics of the multi-band filters are shown in this paper. By rejecting the interference signal with the multi-band filters, the equivalent SNR improvement of 10 dB is confirmed by data rate measurement.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig Sequence by in situ Phosphane Oxide Reduction. (2014)

Abstract A Staudinger/aza‐Wittig process using catalytic amounts of 5‐phenyldibenzophosphole is described.
Regulation of IgE‐mediated signalling in human basophils by CD32b and its role in Syk down‐regulation (2013)

Taken together these results suggest that the combined action of IgE and IgG could generate a natural mechanism, whereby the significant variation in syk expression in allergic subjects occurs without necessarily also inducing mediator release.
Structure-Based Library Design and Fragment Screening for the Identification of Reversible Complement Factor D Protease Inhibitors (2017)

Chronic dysregulation of alternative complement pathway activation has been associated with diverse clinical disorders including age-related macular degeneration and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinurea. Factor D is a trypsin-like serine protease with a narrow specificity for arginine in the P1 position, which catalyzes the first enzymatic reaction of the amplification loop of the alternative pathway. In this article, we describe two hit finding approaches leading to the discovery of new chemical matter for this pivotal protease of the complement system: in silico active site mapping for hot spot identification to guide rational structure-based design and NMR screening of focused and diverse fragment libraries. The wealth of information gathered by these complementary approaches enabled the identification of ligands binding to different subpockets of the latent Factor D conformation and was instrumental for understanding the binding requirements for the generation of the first known potent noncovalent reversible Factor D inhibitors.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Sensitive Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) testing for single mutation in dilution series. (A) The observed VAFs of HapMap serial dilutions measured by using a ddPCR assay for a single mutation (with three replicates) vs. the expected VAFs; (B) The representative ddPCR raw data and fluorescence intensity thresholds for determining positive or negative droplets.&lt;/p&gt;
Antisense treatments for biothreat agents. (2006)

Antisense oligomers (ASOs) represent a promising technology to treat viral and bacterial infections, and have already been shown to be successful against a variety of pathogens in cell culture studies and nonhuman primate models of infection. For these reasons, antisense technologies are being pursued as treatments against biothreat agents such as Ebola virus, dengue virus and Bacillus anthracis. Several generations of modified oligonucleotides have been developed to maximize nuclease resistance, target affinity, potency, cell entry, and other pharmacokinetic properties. First-generation ASOs contain phosphorothioate modifications to increase stability through nuclease resistance. Further chemical modifications in second-generation ASOs include 2'-O-methyl and 2'-O-methoxy-ethyl oligos, which increase nuclease resistance and oligo:RNA binding affinities. Third-generation ASOs contain a variety of chemical modifications that enhance stability, affinity and bioavailability. A fourth class of oligonucleotide-based compounds consists of small interfering RNAs, which have recently become widely used for gene knockdown in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the third-generation phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers, which are nonionic and contain a morpholine ring instead of a ribose, as well as phosphorodiamidate linkages in place of phosphorothioates. Multiple antisense oligomer-based therapeutics are being developed for use against biothreat agents, and antisense drugs will likely become a critical member of our arsenal in the defense against highly pathogenic, emerging or genetically engineered pathogens.
COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION ASSOCIATED WITH ACTIVE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION IN RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS, AND ITS ABSENCE IN TRANSPLANT REJECTION EPISODES (1985)

In 20 patients with a cadaveric renal allograft, serial measurements were made of the serum complement factors C3, C4, factor B (FB), and C3d, the stable conversion product of C3. Measurements were started immediately before transplantation and continued thereafter once a week to investigate whether these assays help to differentiate between acute allograft rejection (R) and an active cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Fifteen patients had one or more R episodes, and 9 patients suffered from an active CMV infection. Six patients had an R episode and subsequently a CMV infection 13-64 days after R. No significant changes were found in the levels of C3, C4, and FB during R or CMV infection. C3d levels remained unchanged or decreased slightly during R. However, there was a 43-500% increase in the C3d level during CMV infection. This difference in the behavior of levels of C3d during R and CMV infection is significant (P less than 0.01), and suggests that serial measurements of C3d may be useful in differentiating CMV infection from R after renal transplantation.
A Novel Reinforcement Procedure for Use in Perceptual Experiments with Normal and Language-Impaired Children (1978)

A novel reinforcement procedure for use with young children with or without language impairments has been devised which adds intrinsic interest to otherwise tedious clinical or experimental sessions and has a low rate of satiation. The procedure involves the child "winning" colorful stickers to make a picture throughout testing sessions.