gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Impact of the Medium in the Effectiveness of 3D Software Visualizations (2017)

Many visualizations have proven to be effective in supporting various software related tasks. Although multiple media can be used to display a visualization, the standard computer screen is used the most. We hypothesize that the medium has a role in their effectiveness. We investigate our hypotheses by conducting a controlled user experiment. In the experiment we focus on the 3D city visualization technique used for software comprehension tasks. We deploy 3D city visualizations across a standard computer screen (SCS), an immersive 3D environment (I3D), and a physical 3D printed model (P3D). We asked twenty-seven participants (whom we divided in three groups for each medium) to visualize software systems of various sizes, solve a set of uniform comprehension tasks, and complete a questionnaire. We measured the effectiveness of visualizations in terms of performance, recollection, and user experience. We found that even though developers using P3D required the least time to identify outliers, they perceived the least difficulty when visualizing systems based on SCS. Moreover, developers using I3D obtained the highest recollection.
Frontispiece: Coupling Mo2C with Nitrogen‐Rich Nanocarbon Leads to Efficient Hydrogen‐Evolution Electrocatalytic Sites (2015)

Hydrogen Evolution. In their Communication on page 10751 ff., T. Asefa, W. Chen, X. Zou, et al. report an efficient hybrid hydrogen-evolution electrocatalyst consisting of molybdenum carbide nanoparticles embedded in nitrogen-rich carbon nanolayers. The synergistic effect between Mo2C and N dopants co-activates adjacent C atoms on the carbon nanolayers.
The Design of High Linear Bootstrapped S/H Switch (2018)

Sometimes, the input-port of A/D converter always needs a S/H switch. In Sample state, the S/H switch should always be opening, now voltages between input-port and output-port in S/H switch are always the same. In Hold state, the S/H switch should always be closing, now the voltage of output-port in S/H switch will keep a fixed value, and it will not be changed with the voltage of input-port in S/H switch. For A/D converter, the conversion linearity is the most important parameter. For getting the best performance of conversion linearity, it is very important to design a high linear S/H switch. In sample stage, the voltage of output-port in S/H switch should be always changed with the voltage of input-port at any time. It is very easy to S/H switch design under the normal condition. Next for getting the higher linear performance in A/D converter, the fixed value in Hold state should be keeping linear performance of input voltage at the most, it is very hard in high resolution A/D converter. Through this paper's design, it makes the distortion leading by Sample switch become linear distortion. So it can get a high performance S/H bootstrapped switch, which can apply to 16-bit or much higher resolution ADC.
Glutathione peroxidase 4 prevents necroptosis in mouse erythroid precursors (2015)

Maintaining cellular redox balance is vital for cell survival and tissue homoeostasis because imbalanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) may lead to oxidative stress and cell death. The antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) is a key regulator of oxidative stress-induced cell death. We show that mice with deletion of Gpx4 in hematopoietic cells develop anemia and that Gpx4 is essential for preventing receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3)-dependent necroptosis in erythroid precursor cells. Absence of Gpx4 leads to functional inactivation of caspase 8 by glutathionylation, resulting in necroptosis, which occurs independently of tumor necrosis factor α activation. Although genetic ablation of Rip3 normalizes reticulocyte maturation and prevents anemia, ROS accumulation and lipid peroxidation in Gpx4-deficient cells remain high. Our results demonstrate that ROS and lipid hydroperoxides function as not-yet-recognized unconventional upstream signaling activators of RIP3-dependent necroptosis.
Synthesis of β-Substituted-α-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]acrylonitriles from α, β-Unsaturated Aldehydes (1986)

Abstract The condensation of trimethylsilylcyanide with α, β-unsaturated aldehydes, followed by DBU catalyzed isomerization of the intermediate 0-silylated cyanohydrins, constitutes a facile synthesis of β-substituted- α-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]acrylonitriles.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activities of New Benzothiadiazinyl Hydrazinecarboxamides and Anilino[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]thiadiazine 5,5-diones (2011)

Two series of compounds (5-14 and 15-23) based on the scaffolds of 2-(1,1-dioxido-4-phenyl-4Hbenzo[e][1,2,4]thiadiazin-3-yl)-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)hydrazinecarboxamide (5) and 2-((4-methoxyphenyl)amino)-10-phenyl-10H-benzo[e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]thiadiazine 5,5-dioxide (15) respectively, were designed and synthesized. These compounds were tested for anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines including lung, ovary, prostate, breast and colon cancers. They exhibited moderate to good inhibitory activity against the above cell lines and compound 9 was found to be the most active one from these two series. Further studies showed that cancer cell growth inhibition by compounds 22 and 23 could be in part due to the inhibition of tubulin polymerization, with the IC50 values of 4.70 and 5.25 µM, respectively.
Induction of Acquired Resistance towards EGFR Inhibitor Gefitinib in a Patient-Derived Xenograft Model of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Subsequent Molecular Characterization (2019)

In up to 30% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, the oncogenic driver of tumor growth is a constitutively activated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although these patients gain great benefit from treatment with EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors, the development of resistance is inevitable. To model the emergence of drug resistance, an EGFR-driven, patient-derived xenograft (PDX) NSCLC model was treated continuously with Gefitinib in vivo. Over a period of more than three months, three separate clones developed and were subsequently analyzed: Whole exome sequencing and reverse phase protein arrays (RPPAs) were performed to identify the mechanism of resistance. In total, 13 genes were identified, which were mutated in all three resistant lines. Amongst them the mutations in NOMO2, ARHGEF5 and SMTNL2 were predicted as deleterious. The 53 mutated genes specific for at least two of the resistant lines were mainly involved in cell cycle activities or the Fanconi anemia pathway. On a protein level, total EGFR, total Axl, phospho-NFκB, and phospho-Stat1 were upregulated. Stat1, Stat3, MEK1/2, and NFκB displayed enhanced activation in the resistant clones determined by the phosphorylated vs. total protein ratio. In summary, we developed an NSCLC PDX line modelling possible escape mechanism under EGFR treatment. We identified three genes that have not been described before to be involved in an acquired EGFR resistance. Further functional studies are needed to decipher the underlying pathway regulation.
Nuclear Pore Complex Number and Distribution throughout theSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCell Cycle by Three-Dimensional Reconstruction from Electron Micrographs of Nuclear Envelopes (1997)

The number of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in individual nuclei of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was determined by computer-aided reconstruction of entire nuclei from electron micrographs of serially sectioned cells. Nuclei of 32 haploid cells at various points in the cell cycle were modeled and found to contain between 65 and 182 NPCs. Morphological markers, such as cell shape and nuclear shape, were used to determine the cell cycle stage of the cell being examined. NPC number was correlated with cell cycle stage to reveal that the number of NPCs increases steadily, beginning in G1-phase, suggesting that NPC assembly occurs continuously throughout the cell cycle. However, accumulation of nuclear envelope observed during the cell cycle, indicated by nuclear surface area, is not continuous at the same rate, such that the density of NPCs per unit area of nuclear envelope peaks in apparent S-phase cells. Analysis of the nuclear envelope reconstructions also revealed no preferred NPC-to-NPC distance. However, NPCs were found in large clusters over regions of the nuclear envelope. Interestingly, clusters of NPCs were most pronounced in early mitotic nuclei and were found to be associated with the spindle pole bodies, but the functional significance of this association is unknown.
Investigating the crystal structures of alkali and alkaline-earth metal salts of 2,5-(dianilino)terephthalic acid (2017)

Li, Na and Mg salts of 2,5-(dianilino)terephthalate exhibit systematically an original double layered structure composed of polar and non-polar slabs.
Design and performance of a new spectroscopic photon emission microscope system for the physical analysis of semiconductor devices (1996)

This article describes the design and performance of a new spectroscopic photon emission microscope system with panchromatic imaging and continuous wavelength spectroscopic capabilities. Very low levels of light emissions from biased devices can be detected and high resolution spectral characteristics can be analyzed because of the highly efficient light collection and transmission optics. Results shown include those metal oxide semiconductor transistors biased in saturation, forward and reverse biased p-n junctions, and oxide leakage. The potential use of the ‘‘defect fingerprinting’’ technique, whereby a unique spectral signature is assigned to each failure mechanism, is also discussed.
Nanosession: Ferroelectrics ‐ New and Unusal Material Systems (2012)

This chapter reviews the recent status of ferroelectric hafnium oxide. It focuses on the memory relevant characterization data as well as possible memory concepts leading to a discussion of the applicability of the material towards 1T/1C ferroelectric memories and 1T ferroelectric field effect transistors. Stable ferroelectric crystalline phases were recently found in thin hafnium oxide films with suitable dopants and processing. CaxBa1-xNb2O6 (CBN-x), a relaxor ferroelectric material crystallizing in the partially filled tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) structure type, provides an excellent alternative to strontium barium niobate (SBN) for device applications because of its relatively high Curie temperature. Bismuth sodium titanate derived ceramics are emerging as the prime contender to replace PZT in actuator. The ferroelectric perovskite-type compound KNbO3 is an end member of the solid-solution system (K,Na)NbO3 (KNN), which is a possible lead-free substitute for today’s standard material Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) in piezoelectric applications. Controlled Vocabulary Terms bismuth; ferroelectric materials; hafnium; piezoelectric materials
Nanopatterning on Nonplanar and Fragile Substrates with Ice Resists (2012)

Electron beam (e-beam) lithography using polymer resists is an important technology that provides the spatial resolution needed for nanodevice fabrication. But it is often desirable to pattern nonplanar structures on which polymeric resists cannot be reliably applied. Furthermore, fragile substrates, such as free-standing nanotubes or thin films, cannot tolerate the vigorous mechanical scrubbing procedures required to remove all residual traces of the polymer resist. Here we demonstrate several examples where e-beam lithography using an amorphous ice resist eliminates both of these difficulties and enables the fabrication of unique nanoscale device structures in a process we call ice lithography. (1, 2) We demonstrate the fabrication of micro- and nanostructures on the tip of atomic force microscope probes, microcantilevers, transmission electron microscopy grids, and suspended single-walled carbon nanotubes. Our results show that by using amorphous water ice as an e-beam resist, a new generation of nanodevice structures can be fabricated on nonplanar or fragile substrates.
Biosensors from conjugated (2016)

A charge neutral complex (CNC) was formed in aqueous solution by se combining an orange light emitting anionic conjugated polyelecel trolyte and a saturated cationic polyelectrolyte at a 1:1 ratio (per in repeat unit). Photoluminescence (PL) from the CNC can be h; quenched by both the negatively charged dinitrophenol (DNP) derivative, (DNP-BS-), and positively charged methyl viologen ly (MV2+). Use of the CNC minimizes nonspecific interactions (which ra modify the PL) between conjugated polyelectrolytes and biopolyfl mers. Quenching of the PL from the CNC by the DNP derivative and ai specific unquenching on addition of anti-DNP antibody (anti-DNP e' IgG) were observed. Thus, biosensing of the anti-DNP IgG was T demonstrated. qt
Epitope Mapping of a Protective Monoclonal Antibody against Pneumocystis carinii with Shared Reactivity to Streptococcus pneumoniae Surface Antigen PspA (2004)

Pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia in the immunocompromised host. A protective monoclonal antibody (MAb) termed 4F11 generated against mouse-derived P. carinii was shown by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) to bind surface antigens of P. carinii derived from multiple host species, including humans. We have identified multiple epitopes recognized by MAb 4F11 in two recombinant mouse P. carinii antigens. The epitopes mapped have similar proline content and positive charge distribution. The consensus 8-mer epitope recognized by MAb 4F11 is K/RPA/RPK/QPA/TP. Immune sera raised against intact mouse P. carinii recognized native antigens affinity purified with MAb 4F11 and a recombinant antigen reactive with MAb 4F11. Database searches for short, nearly exact matches to the mapped MAb 4F11 epitopes identified a bacterial surface antigen, Streptococcus pneumoniae PspA, with a similar proline-rich region. In an IFA, MAb 4F11 detected antigens on the S. pneumoniae surface, and Western blotting identified a protein in S. pneumoniae lysates consistent with the M(r) of PspA. A fragment of the S. pneumoniae PspA gene was cloned and sequenced, and the deduced amino acid sequence contained a region with strong similarity to the MAb 4F11 epitopes identified in P. carinii. The PspA recombinant polypeptide was recognized by MAb 4F11 in a Western blot. The ability of MAb 4F11 to recognize similar proline-rich epitopes may explain its ability to recognize P. carinii derived from multiple hosts and will permit testing of the epitopes recognized by this antibody in immunization against P. carinii.
Coagulant potentials of emicizumab in the plasmas from infant and toddler patients with hemophilia A (2023)

Emicizumab could improve coagulant potential in plasmas from infant/toddler patients with hemophilia A.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Natural Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Induce Antigen-Specific T-Cell Responses in Melanoma Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 PDF file - 34K, Supplementary Figure 1 CliniMACS-based pDC isolation is feasible&lt;/p&gt;
SEP-28k: A Dataset for Stuttering Event Detection from Podcasts with People Who Stutter (2021)

The ability to automatically detect stuttering events in speech could help speech pathologists track an individual’s fluency over time or help improve speech recognition systems for people with atypical speech patterns. Despite increasing interest in this area, existing public datasets are too small to build generalizable dysfluency detection systems and lack sufficient annotations. In this work, we introduce Stuttering Events in Podcasts (SEP-28k), a dataset containing over 28k clips labeled with five event types including blocks, prolongations, sound repetitions, word repetitions, and interjections. Audio comes from public podcasts largely consisting of people who stutter interviewing other people who stutter. We benchmark a set of acoustic models on SEP-28k and the public FluencyBank dataset and highlight how simply increasing the amount of training data improves relative detection performance by 28% and 24% F1 on each. Annotations from over 32k clips across both datasets will be publicly released.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolizidines and Indolizidines by the Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Azides with Electron‐Rich 1,3‐Dienes. A Synthetic Equivalent of a Nitrene‐Diene Cycloaddition. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IMS transit functionality: the missing link (2010)

The present paper introduces the concept of network based service triggering in IMS, as well as the functional entity that facilitates this. Network based service triggering ties in with the evolution in IMS interconnect networks and corporate IP networks. New SIP proxy functionality is proposed, Transit CSCF. This Transit CSCF may be realized through enhancement of an existing SIP proxy or may be realized as designated functional entity. The Transit CSCF enables transit SIP or SIP-I based networks to offer services for interconnected networks. One such service may be the connecting of IP-PBXs without requirement for registration of such PBX in the IMS network, but yet with optimized load distribution in IMS network. Transit CSCF leverages on the standardized service assertion methodology of IMS, namely the ISC reference point (of Serving CSCF). With the globalization of IMS networks, IMS interconnect becomes increasingly important for operators. IMS interconnect may be operated by independent parties. The usage of the IMS service control interface (ISC) reference point in transit networks further allows for third party service providers to offer services in these networks.
The cytokine‐inducible zinc finger protein A20 inhibits IL‐1‐induced NF‐κB activation at the level of TRAF6 (1999)

The zinc finger protein A20 is encoded by an immediate early response gene whose expression is induced by different inflammatory stimuli, including interleukin-1 (IL-1). Gene induction by IL-1 is mediated by activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB, and requires the signal adapter protein TRAF6. The latter interacts with the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase NIK, which is believed to be part of the IkappaB kinase complex. Expression of A20 potently inhibits IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation by an unknown mechanism. Inhibition of IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation was found to be mediated by the C-terminal zinc finger-containing domain of A20. More importantly, we present evidence that A20 interferes with IL-1-induced NF-kappaB activation at the level of TRAF6, upstream of NIK. Moreover, A20 was shown to directly interact with TRAF6.
Search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel H→ZZ(⁎)→4ℓ with the ATLAS detector (2011)

A search for the Standard Model Higgs boson in the decay channel H→ZZ(⁎)→ℓ+ℓ−ℓ′+ℓ′−, where ℓ=e,μ, is presented. Proton–proton collision data at s=7TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an average integrated luminosity of 2.1fb−1 are compared to the Standard Model expectations. Upper limits on the production cross section of a Standard Model Higgs boson with a mass between 110 and 600GeV are derived. The observed (expected) 95% confidence level upper limit on the production cross section for a Higgs boson with a mass of 194 GeV, the region with the best expected sensitivity for this search, is 0.99 (1.01) times the Standard Model prediction. The Standard Model Higgs boson is excluded at 95% confidence level in the mass ranges 191–197, 199–200 and 214–224 GeV.
The Future of Layer-by-Layer Assembly: A Tribute to ACS Nano Associate Editor Helmuth Möhwald (2019)

Layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a widely used tool for engineering materials and coatings. In this Perspective, dedicated to the memory of ACS Nano associate editor Prof. Dr. Helmuth Möhwald, we discuss the developments and applications that are to come in LbL assembly, focusing on coatings, bulk materials, membranes, nanocomposites, and delivery vehicles.
One-Vote Veto: A Self-Training Strategy for Low-Shot Learning of a Task-Invariant Embedding to Diagnose Glaucoma. (2020)

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a promising technique for automated glaucoma diagnosis from images of the fundus, and these images are routinely acquired as part of an ophthalmic exam. Nevertheless, CNNs typically require a large amount of well-labeled data for training, which may not be available in many biomedical image classification applications, especially when diseases are rare and where labeling by experts is costly. 
This paper makes two contributions to address this issue: (1) It introduces a new network architecture and training method for low-shot learning when labeled data are limited and imbalanced, and (2) it introduces a new semi-supervised learning strategy that uses additional unlabeled training data to achieve great accuracy. Our multi-task twin neural network (MTTNN) can use any backbone CNN, and we demonstrate with ResNet-50 and MobileNet-v2 that its accuracy with limited training data approaches the accuracy of a finetuned backbone trained with a dataset that is 50 times larger. We also introduce One-Vote Veto (OVV) self-training, a semi-supervised learning strategy, that is designed specifically for MTTNNs. By taking both self-predictions and contrastive-predictions of the unlabeled training data into account, OVV self-training provides additional pseudo labels for finetuning a pretrained MTTNN. Using a large dataset with more than 50,000 fundus images acquired over 25 years, extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of low-shot learning with MTTNN and semi-supervised learning with OVV. Three additional, smaller clinical datasets of fundus images acquired under different conditions (cameras, instruments, locations, populations), are used to demonstrate generalizability of the methods. Source code and pretrained models will be publicly available upon publication.
Sol−Gel Transition of Hydrophobically Modified Polyrotaxane (2006)

The sol−gel transition and thermosensitivity of methylated polyrotaxane (Me−PR) aqueous solutions were investigated by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). It is known that water-solubility of polyrotaxane (PR), consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and α-cyclodextrin (α-CD), is very low due to stacking of neighboring α-CD molecules on a PEG chain. Methylation of the hydroxyl groups on α-CD molecules resulted in a significant improvement of water-solubility, and Me−PR exhibited a thermoreversible sol−gel transition in water depending on the degree of methylation. For low degrees of methylation (≤30%), a Me−PR solution was transparent even up to 80 °C. On the other hand, for high degrees of methylation (≥60%), it became opaque with increasing temperature and a gelation took place at high temperature. The temperature dependence of the sliding motion of α-CD molecules along the PEG chains and the mechanism of sol−gel transition are discussed on the basis of SANS and DLS results.