gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‐coordinated alumina and oxygen triclusters in modified aluminosilicate glasses (2022)

Abstract Aluminosilicate glasses are ubiquitous in high‐performance displays due to their favorable thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. They also exhibit interesting structural features depending on the ratio of alumina to modifiers in the glass system. Excess modifiers exist in the metaluminous region, while the peraluminous region contains more negatively charged alumina structures than modifiers. As the composition switches from metaluminous to peraluminous, anomalous changes in properties such as the glass transition temperature, viscosity, and refractive index occur. This has been explained with two contrasting structural transformations to accommodate the lack of charge‐balancing modifiers: either aluminum increases in coordination (forming five‐coordinated or six‐coordinated Al) and/or oxygens become three‐coordinated (known as triclusters). The precise charge‐balancing mechanism remains a subject of much debate in the community. This review highlights this structural debate by providing a chronological understanding of how these two theories evolved. We also summarize the state‐of‐the‐art understanding of the aluminosilicate glass structure. By gaining a more comprehensive view of the two opposing structural views within the aluminosilicate glass system, we can gain insights on valuable future research from both experimental and modeling perspectives.
An advanced control method for cascaded SMPS to reduce the energy storage requirements (2012)

Typical power factor correcting power supplies contain large energy storage components that filter the pulsating power that is created by an AC power source, or required by an AC power sink. This work focuses on using advanced digital control strategies to reduce the size of those energy storage components to reduce the overall size and cost of the PFC power converter.
Fabrication by Optical Heating and Observation of Pore Structures of Aluminum Foam Composite (2018)

Aluminum foam composite of aluminum alloy die casting ADC12 core coated by pure aluminum A1050 was fabricated. In the fabrication method, after an A1050 precursor was foamed in an electric furnace, an ADC12 precursor was foamed in the A1050 foam using optical foaming. The pore structures of the fabricated aluminum foam composite were examined using X-ray computed tomography (CT) inspection. Moreover, it was shown that the bonding condition between ADC12 and A1050 regions can be improved. Next, static compression tests of the aluminum foam composite was carried out. Based on these test and inspection results, it was shown that the plateau stress can be evaluated approximately within ±20% error by using mean compressive stress on a maximum-porosity cross section perpendicular to the direction of compressive loading.
Indirect Determination of Mercury Ion by Inhibition of a Glucose Biosensor Based on ZnO Nanorods (2012)

A potentiometric glucose biosensor based on immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOD) on ZnO nanorods (ZnO-NRs) has been developed for the indirect determination of environmental mercury ions. The ZnO-NRs were grown on a gold coated glass substrate by using the low temperature aqueous chemical growth (ACG) approach. Glucose oxidase in conjunction with a chitosan membrane and a glutaraldehyde (GA) were immobilized on the surface of the ZnO-NRs using a simple physical adsorption method and then used as a potentiometric working electrode. The potential response of the biosensor between the working electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode was measured in a 1mM phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The detection limit of the mercury ion sensor was found to be 0.5 nM. The experimental results provide two linear ranges of the inhibition from 0.5 × 10(-6) mM to 0.5 × 10(-4) mM, and from 0.5 × 10(-4) mM to 20 mM of mercury ion for fixed 1 mM of glucose concentration in the solution. The linear range of the inhibition from 10(-3) mM to 6 mM of mercury ion was also acquired for a fixed 10 mM of glucose concentration. The working electrode can be reactivated by more than 70% after inhibition by simply dipping the used electrode in a 10 mM PBS solution for 7 min. The electrodes retained their original enzyme activity by about 90% for more than three weeks. The response to mercury ions was highly sensitive, selective, stable, reproducible, and interference resistant, and exhibits a fast response time. The developed glucose biosensor has a great potential for detection of mercury with several advantages such as being inexpensive, requiring minimum hardware and being suitable for unskilled users.
Opportunities for PMOS read and write ports in low voltage dual-port 8T bit cell arrays (2010)

Strained silicon has enhanced PMOS transistor current much more than NMOS. As such, I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSATN</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DSATP</sub> ≈ 1 is nearing reality. This work studies the effect of this presumably continuing trend on dual-port 8T bit cell performance. Preference for using NMOS or PMOS in write and read ports is shown to depend on current ratio, V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</sub> circuit assist and array access type.
Integrated Microsystems for Microfluidics/BioMEMS: Cellular Sample Handling and Analysis (2002)

SUMMiT TM technology has evolved over the last decade into one of the most capable surface micromachining technologies [1]. Our current technology development efforts are aimed at integration of microfluidic, mechanical, optical and electrical/electrochemical capabilities in this technology base.
Unsupervised language model adaptation for lecture speech transcription (2002)

Unsupervised adaptation methods have been applied successfully to the acoustic models of speech recognition systems for some time. Relatively little work has been carried out in the area of unsupervised language model adaptation however. The work presented here uses the output of a speech recogniser to adapt the backoff n-gram language model used in the decoding process. We report results for two different methods of language model adaptation, and find that best results are obtained when these two are used in conjunction with one another. The adaptation methods are applied to a Japanese large vocabulary transcription task, for which improvements both in perplexity and word error-rate are achieved.
Source of polarization entanglement in a single periodically poled KTiOPO4 crystal with overlapping emission cones (2005)

We present a simple polarization entanglemenet source based on type-II phase-matched parametric down-conversion in periodically poled KTiOPO4. By use of noncritical phase matching in a noncollinear geometry the single-crystal source emits a cone of polarization-entangled photons. Two beams on opposite sides of the cone are selected for measurements to yield an observed flux of 820 pairs/s per mW of pump power with a two-photon fringe visibility of 96%. With this source we measure a violation of Bell's inequality of 140 standard deviations in 160 s.
A comparison of two methods for advancing time in parallel discrete event simulation (1995)

We compare the design and implementation of a parallel simulation of a traffic flow network using two different approaches: event-driven and time-driven. Our experiments with the sequential implementation of the two approaches correlates with previous research (Nance, 1971). We design a conservative parallel implementation of the traffic flow problem where we obtain a maximum speedup of 9.27 using 16 Sun workstations running under parallel virtual machine or PVM (Geist et al., 1993). We use wall-clock time as a measure of execution speed. We show that appreciable speedup can be achieved in parallelizing either the event-driven or time-driven approach. We also show that speedup is a misleading metric when used to compare the parallelizability of the two approaches. Parallel performance, as measured by speedup, may be better when the sequential performance is poor. For example, the time-driven implementation achieved better speedup than the event-driven implementation for few cars in the system; however the sequential time-driven implementation required longer to execute than the event-driven implementation for few cars in the system. Similarly for many cars in the system, the event-driven implementation achieved better speedup than the time-driven implementation.
Author Correction: Control over the fibrillization yield by varying the oligomeric nucleation propensities of self-assembling peptides (2020)

A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s42004-020-00436-4
Low density lipoprotein receptor‐related protein gene polymorphisms and risk for late‐onset Alzheimer's disease in a Japanese population (2000)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein (LRP) gene polymorphisms located in the 5' region and in exon 3, and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype were determined in 100 Japanese patients affected by late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). We matched 246 controls for age and found no association between the polymorphism located in the 5' region of the LRP gene. The distribution of LRP exon 3 genotypes and alleles did not differ between AD and the control groups. However, the frequency of T allele in the Alzheimer's group having APOE-epsilon4 was lower than that in the control group having APOE-epsilon4, but it was only marginally significant (p = 0.022). Age of onset was significantly younger in the patients with CC genotype than those carrying the T allele (p = 0.03), and this trend was more evident among non-APOE-epsilon4 carriers (p = 0.008). These results support the possibility that ApoE and LRP may contribute to the development of AD.
EZH2 Inhibition by Tazemetostat Results in Altered Dependency on B-cell Activation Signaling in DLBCL (2017)

The EZH2 small-molecule inhibitor tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We have previously shown that EZH2 inhibitors display an antiproliferative effect in multiple preclinical models of NHL, and that models bearing gain-of-function mutations in <i>EZH2</i> were consistently more sensitive to EZH2 inhibition than lymphomas with wild-type (WT) <i>EZH2</i> Here, we demonstrate that cell lines bearing <i>EZH2</i> mutations show a cytotoxic response, while cell lines with WT-<i>EZH2</i> show a cytostatic response and only tumor growth inhibition without regression in a xenograft model. Previous work has demonstrated that cotreatment with tazemetostat and glucocorticoid receptor agonists lead to a synergistic antiproliferative effect in both mutant and wild-type backgrounds, which may provide clues to the mechanism of action of EZH2 inhibition in WT-<i>EZH2</i> models. Multiple agents that inhibit the B-cell receptor pathway (e.g., ibrutinib) were found to have synergistic benefit when combined with tazemetostat in both mutant and WT-<i>EZH2</i> backgrounds of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). The relationship between B-cell activation and EZH2 inhibition is consistent with the proposed role of EZH2 in B-cell maturation. To further support this, we observe that cell lines treated with tazemetostat show an increase in the B-cell maturation regulator, <i>PRDM1</i>/BLIMP1, and gene signatures corresponding to more advanced stages of maturation. These findings suggest that EZH2 inhibition in both mutant and wild-type backgrounds leads to increased B-cell maturation and a greater dependence on B-cell activation signaling. <i>Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2586-97. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Critical analysis of in-plane free-space light beam coupling using photonic curved micromirrors (2022)

Free-space coupling of Gaussian light beams using flat and curved photonic microelectromechanical systems mirrors was analyzed in detail. The theoretical background and the non-ideal effects, such as limited micromirror extent, asymmetry in the curvature of spherical micromirrors, misaligned axes, and micromirror surface irregularities, were analyzed. The derived formulas were used to study and compare theoretically and experimentally the behavior of flat (one-dimensional), cylindrical (two-dimensional), and spherical (three-dimensional) micromirrors. The analysis focused on the regime of dimensions in which the curved micromirrors radius of curvature is comparable to the incident beam Rayleigh range, also corresponding to a reference spot size. A transfer matrix-based field and power coupling coefficients were derived for general micro-optical systems accounting for different matrix parameters in the tangential and sagittal planes of the microsystem taking into account the possible non-idealities. The results were presented in terms of normalized quantities such that the findings are general and can be applied to different situations. In addition, silicon micromirrors were fabricated with controlled shapes and used to experimentally analyze the coupling efficiency at the visible and near-infrared wavelengths.
Upscaling of Microgel Treatment in Fractured Reservoirs: Experimental and Simulation Investigation (2018)

Abstract Excess water production through fractured reservoirs is one of the most serious problem for sweep efficiency and oil recovery factor. Gel treatment have been widely used to plug the fractures and reduce excess water production to improve macroscopic sweep efficiency. Field studies showed that gel treatment can be successfully applied in mature oilfield and fracture reservoirs to reduce water production and improved oil recovery factor. The objective of this paper is to understand the preformed particle gel (PPG) propagation through fractures by conducting laboratory work and upscaling these data to filed scale to investigate which parameters can be more affected gel treatment. The semi-transparent fracture model was made of oil-wet carbonate core and acrylic plates with 1.5 mm fracture width. Seawater was used for brine flooding and to prepare the swollen gel. The experimental results showed that the preformed particle gel improved the oil recovery by 12% with 20% water cut reduction. The experimental results were history-matched using UTGEL simulator and an excellent agreement between lab data and simulation data was achieved. The simulation results of the filed scale indicated that the PPG concentration and PPG treatment timing are the main PPG design variables and the conformance control improved when PPG concentration increased and when PPG treatment applied early. Upscaling the laboratory results to filed scale provide a deeper understanding of PPG treatment and can investigate the effect of PPG concentration for PPG application in fractured reservoirs.
A spreadsheet solution of transient conduction in composite fins (2002)

Transient heat transfer through composite fins is investigated by numerical methods. In this regard, governing differential equations of the two-dimensional fin and one-dimensional cladding are studied to examine the effect of Biot number and ratio of thermal conductivities of the fin material to the cladding, on the dimensionless temperature profiles. In addition, the use of spreadsheet programs in solving the composite fin problems is investigated in somewhat more detail with regard to the solution as well as presentation of the graphical results. The results show that one-dimensional analysis, traditionally used in fin analysis, is not applicable for composite fins, particularly when the conductivity ratio of the composite fin materials is very high. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A STEREOSELECTIVE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE PRELOG‐DJERASSI LACTONE (1980)

Abstract Der Ester (IIIb) der aus den Komponenten (I) und (II) erhältlichen Dimeren (IIIa) wird zum Aldehyd (IVa) (daneben der Alkohol (IVb)) reduziert, dessen Hg‐Ionen‐induzierte Cyclisierung die Verbindung (V) (Anomerengemisch) liefert.
In-Situ Monitoring of Homogeneously Catalysed Reactions using Raman Spectroscopy Inside Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibres (2020)

We monitor the reaction of an acid with an alcohol inside a hollow-core photonic crystal fibre using Raman spectroscopy. The method uses tiny amount of chemicals and allows precise measurement of the activation energy.
Sample Preparation and Diagnostic Methods for a Variety of Settings: A Comprehensive Review (2021)

Sample preparation is an essential step for nearly every type of biochemical analysis in use today. Among the most important of these analyses is the diagnosis of diseases, since their treatment may rely greatly on time and, in the case of infectious diseases, containing their spread within a population to prevent outbreaks. To address this, many different methods have been developed for use in the wide variety of settings for which they are needed. In this work, we have reviewed the literature and report on a broad range of methods that have been developed in recent years and their applications to point-of-care (POC), high-throughput screening, and low-resource and traditional clinical settings for diagnosis, including some of those that were developed in response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In addition to covering alternative approaches and improvements to traditional sample preparation techniques such as extractions and separations, techniques that have been developed with focuses on integration with smart devices, laboratory automation, and biosensors are also discussed.
A Comparative Study for License Application Regulations on Proprietary Chinese Medicines in Hong Kong and Canada (2021)

<b>Ethnopharmacological Relevance:</b> Chinese Medicine plays a symbolic role among traditional medicines. As Chinese Medicine products are widely used around the globe, regulations for Chinese Medicine products are often used as models for the efficient regulation of natural products that are safe, and high-quality. <b>Aim of the Study:</b> We aimed to compare the regulatory registration requirements for Proprietary Chinese Medicines in Hong Kong and Canada. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> We compared registration requirements for Proprietary Chinese Medicine in Hong Kong and Canada based on publicly available information provided by the respective Regulators. A marketed product, Zhizhu Kuanzhong Capsule (SFDA approval number Z20020003; NPN approval number 80104354), was used as a case study to demonstrate the similarities and differences of the requirements in both Hong Kong and Canada. <b>Results:</b> There were similarities and differences between the two regulatory systems in terms of the quality, safety and efficacy requirements. Despite the superficial appearance of similar categories and groups/classes, Hong Kong requires significantly more primary test data compared to Canada's reliance on attestation to manufacturing according the standards outlined in approved reference pharmacopeias/texts. <b>Conclusion:</b> Improved understand of the similarity and differences will enable applicants to plan appropriate strategies for gaining product approval. Exploring ways to harmonize the regulatory process has the potential to benefit manufacturers, regulators, and patients by increasing efficiency and decreasing costs.
The thermophysical properties of seawater: A review of existing correlations and data (2010)

http://www.deswater.com/vol16.php
Abstract IA17: Stem cells and prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract Prostate cancer initiation and progression is associated with a myriad of genetic and epigenetic changes that drives the transformation process in specific cells of origin. Our group has developed a dissociated cell tissue regeneration system in which rodent or human epithelial tissue can be combined with supportive mesenchyme from the urogenital sinus to produce a tissue structure with glandular development. Introduction of specific oncogenic influences can drive normal tissue structure to a malignant histology with invasion and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. An efficient cell of origin from the basal layer of the gland has been defined for mouse and human tissue for this process and can produce malignant glands with luminal characteristics as well as other cellular phenotypes. Recent work has defined a set of changes in the adjacent stroma that can strongly influence the epithelium in its conversion to a cancerous state. Citation Format: Owen N. Witte. Stem cells and prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr IA17.
Designer hydride routes to ‘Si–Ge’/(Gd,Er)2O3/Si(1 1 1) semiconductor-on-insulator heterostructures (2011)

We demonstrate Si?Ge integration on engineered M2O3/Si(1?1?1) (M = Gd,Er) dielectric buffer layers using non-traditional chemical precursors that provide new levels of functionality within the deposition process. Stoichiometric Si0.50Ge0.50 alloys and pure Si heterostructures are grown epitaxially via ultra-low-temperature chemical vapor deposition using SiH3GeH3 and Si3H8/Si4H10, respectively. In the case of Si on Gd2O3, an optimal growth processing window in the range of 500?600 ?C was found to yield planar layers with monocrystalline structures via a proposed coincidence lattice matching mechanism (2aSi?aGd2O3), while for the SiGe system (2% lattice mismatch) comparable quality films with fully relaxed strain states are deposited at a lower temperature range of 420?450 ?C. Extension of this growth process to Si on Er2O3 yields remarkably high-quality layers in spite of the even larger ~3% lattice mismatch. In all cases, the Si?Ge overlayers are found to primarily adopt an A?B?A epitaxial alignment with respect to the M2O3 buffered Si(1?1?1). A comparative study of the Si growth using Si3H8 and Si4H10 indicates that both compounds provide an efficient and straightforward process for semiconductor growth on Gd2O3/Si(1?1?1), which appears to be more viable than conventional approaches from the point of view of scalability and volume.
An Integrated Experimental Approach to Determining How Invaded Mud Components Modify Near-Wellbore Properties (2014)

Abstract At different penetration depths, mud-component invasion creates multizone structures in the vicinity of the wellbore. These structures include external mudcake (mud particles and mud clay deposited at the sandface), internal mudcake (which is formed by mud particles invaded into the reservoir formation), and mud-filtrate invaded zone. We present a new technique for estimating empirical parameters of both external and internal mudcake by combining laboratory data on mud flooding experiments and measurements of the profile of the invaded mud components by X-ray microcomputed tomography (XmCT), image processing of core cross-section photography, and ultrasonic wave scanning. The technique is validated on flooding experiments with simple ("model") muds: slurry of bentonite clay, suspended solid particles and polymer Xanthan. Examples of reconstructed profiles of invaded mud components (solid particles and bentonite clay) as well as the procedure of determining internal mudcake parameters are provided.
Design and implementation of intersection movement assistant applications using V2V communications (2014)

We present a safety application using wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) as vehicle-to-vehicle communications and it assists vehicular intersection movement in at an unsignalized intersection. If there would be a crash situation expected by the proposed algorithm, it can provide warning messages to a driver. WAVE was used in our system as a vehicular communication protocol proposed by IEEE 802.11WG and P1609. We tested this system in a proving ground. As test results, the performance was shown as success rates of 100%.