gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conserved Structure, Regulatory Elements, and Transcriptional Regulation from the GATA-1 Gene Testis Promoter (1997)

Transcription factor GATA-1 was first identified in erythroid cells, but was later shown to also be expressed in Sertoli cells of the mouse testis. GATA-1 transcription in testis initiates from a different first exon (exon IT) than the erythroid mRNA (transcribed from exon IE). To begin to address the question of how expression of GATA-1 might be differentially regulated in Sertoli and erythroid cells, we have cloned and determined the structure of the IT promoters of both the rat and mouse GATA-1 genes. The transcription regulatory mechanism(s) controlling the synthesis of exon IT-derived mRNA was investigated by transfection of wild-type and mutant reporter genes, with and without co-transfected GATA factor expression plasmids, into either fibroblasts or Sertoli cell lines. Two GATA binding sites in the IT promoter were found to be required for GATA factor-mediated activation in fibroblasts: GATA-IT-directed reporter gene expression was activated only after co-transfection with GATA-1, implying that transcriptional activation of GATA-1 in the testis might be at least partially mediated through these GATA regulatory elements. We also found that the endogenous GATA-1 gene was silent in primary culture and two different Sertoli cell lines, and that the repression of co-transfected GATA-1 reporter genes could not be relieved by forced expression of GATA-1 in Sertoli cells. Thus the GATA-IT promoter may be under the control of a regulatory network in Sertoli cells which involves both positive and negative regulation of transcription, and conserved GATA motifs found in the IT promoter may be required for transducing these effects.
Antibacterial effects of human group IIA and group XIIA phospholipase A2 against Helicobacter pylori in vitro (2006)

Group IIA phospholipase A2 (PLA2-IIA) is an enzyme which has important roles in inflammation and infection. Recently, a novel human secretory PLA2 called group XIIA PLA2 (PLA2-XIIA) has been identified. Both PLA2-IIA and PLA2-XIIA are bactericidal against Gram-positive bacteria like many other secretory PLA2s. However, PLA2-XIIA is the only known PLA2 displaying significant bactericidal activity against the Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli. We examined the antibacterial properties of recombinant human PLA2-IIA and PLA2-XIIA against Helicobacter pylori, a Gram-negative bacterium, in vitro. PLA2-IIA was not bactericidal against H. pylori, whereas PLA2-XIIA effectively killed H. pylori at a concentration of 50 microg/ml but was not bactericidal at concentrations of 0.5 microg/ml and 5 microg/ml.
Mesoporous titanium dioxide: sonochemical synthesis and application in dye-sensitized solar cells (2001)

A novel method for shortening the synthesis time of mesoporous TiO2 to 6 h is reported. Low-angle XRD and TEM showed that mesoporous TiO2 with short-range ordered structures was synthesized when octadecylamine was used as a structure-directing agent and when Ti(OPri)4 was used as a precursor. The highest surface area (853 m2 g−1) was obtained after extraction with a dilute solution of nitric acid. The material maintained a high surface area (467 m2 g−1) after calcination at 350 °C, but the short-range ordered structures collapsed. XPS showed the interaction between TiO2 and octadecylamine, while DSC, TGA, and FT-IR spectra showed the removal of octadecylamine by extraction and calcination. A mechanism for the fast formation of mesoporous TiO2 is proposed. It is attributed to the formation of mesoporous material at high temperatures formed in the interface between the gas and bulk solutions resulting from ultrasound irradiation. Electrodes made from the mesoporous TiO2 were tested in a dye-sensitized solar cell. The short-circuit photocurrent, open-circuit photovoltage and fill factor increased with an increase in the sintering temperature, having a performance threshold at 450 °C, showing that the more ordered structures are required for high solar cell conversion efficiencies.
Interaction of [125I]-.alpha.-bungarotoxin with acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californica (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of [125I]-.alpha.-bungarotoxin with acetylcholine receptor from Torpedo californicaSteven G. Blanchard, Ulrich Quast, Kenton Reed, Theodore Lee, Michael I. Schimerlik, Richard Vandlen, Toni Claudio, Catherine D. Strader, Hsiao-Ping Hsu Moore, and Michael A. RafteryCite this: Biochemistry 1979, 18, 10, 1875–1883Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00577a005https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00577a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views62Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Online detection of endwinding contamination in industrial motors (2011)

This paper discusses a novel online technique to detect moisture and surface tracking of stator end-winding insulation in medium/high voltage AC motors. A novel high sensitivity differential current transformer is used as a sensor for monitoring insulation capacitance and dissipation factor of motors online. A 100 hp, 4160V, 3-phase form-wound induction motor is tested with different contaminants sprayed on its end winding. Partial discharge couplers are also used to monitor partial discharge activity during insulation contamination tests. A comparison of both techniques to detect pre-cursors of motor failure due to end-winding tracking is presented in this paper.
1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity of novel dihydropyridine derivatives (2014)

Thirteen dihydropyridine analogues 1 - 13 were synthesized and evaluated for their DPPH radical scavenging activity. A good to moderate antioxidant activity ranging from 127.4 to 284.5 μM was observed and structure-activity relationship was established. The 3'-fluoro derivative 8 (IC 50 = 127.4±3.5 μM) was found to exhibit highest activity among the dihydro pyridine derivatives 1 - 13 , while the other derivatives 11 (IC 50 = 132.5±3.32 μM), 6 (IC 50 = 142.2±0.60 μM), 10 (IC 50 = 144.7±2.46 μM), 12 (IC 50 = 153.7±0.50 μM), 5 (IC 50 = 161.4±2.81 μM) and 5 (IC 50 = 164.4±2.50 μM) possess moderate activity, depends upon the C-4 and C-6 substituted groups. The compounds 7 , 13 , 4 , 3 and 2 have lowest IC 50 values, ranging between 172.8 and 284.5 μM. Dihydropyridine analogues were characterized by spectroscopic techniques.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid attenuates human astrocyte neurotoxicity induced by interferon-γ (2012)

Due to its anti-neurotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties, SAHA appears to have the therapeutic or preventive potential for a wide range of neuroinflammatory disorders associated with activated astrocytes.
TRAM Is Required for TLR2 Endosomal Signaling to Type I IFN Induction (2014)

Detection of microbes by TLRs on the plasma membrane leads to the induction of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, via activation of NF-κB. Alternatively, activation of endosomal TLRs leads to the induction of type I IFNs via IFN regulatory factors (IRFs). TLR4 signaling from the plasma membrane to NF-κB via the Toll/IL-1R (TIR) adaptor protein MyD88 requires the TIR sorting adaptor Mal, whereas endosomal TLR4 signaling to IRF3 via the TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β (TRIF) requires the TRIF-related adaptor molecule (TRAM). Similar to TLR4 homodimers, TLR2 heterodimers can also induce both proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs. TLR2 plasma membrane signaling to NF-κB is known to require MyD88 and Mal, whereas endosomal IRF activation by TLR2 requires MyD88. However, it was unclear whether TLR2 requires a sorting adaptor for endosomal signaling, like TLR4 does. In this study, we show that TLR2-dependent IRF7 activation at the endosome is both Mal- and TRAM-dependent, and that TRAM is required for the TLR2-dependent movement of MyD88 to endosomes following ligand engagement. TRAM interacted with both TLR2 and MyD88, suggesting that TRAM can act as a bridging adapter between these two molecules. Furthermore, infection of macrophages lacking TRAM with herpes viruses or the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus led to impaired induction of type I IFN, indicating a role for TRAM in TLR2-dependent responses to human pathogens. Our work reveals that TRAM acts as a sorting adaptor not only for TLR4, but also for TLR2, to facilitate signaling to IRF7 at the endosome, which explains how TLR2 is capable of causing type I IFN induction.
Synthesis of Poly(ionic liquid)s by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with ppm of Cu Catalyst (2014)

Well-defined poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) were synthesized by activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (ARGET ATRP). The ionic liquid monomer 1-(4-vinylbenzyl)-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (VBBI+Tf2N–) was directly polymerized with tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine (TPMA) ligand and ppm level of copper catalyst. The addition of reducing agent tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate (SnII(EH)2) to continuously regenerate the catalyst in the ARGET ATRP enabled the synthesis of PILs with a significantly lower concentration of catalysts than required for a normal ATRP. PILs with well-controlled molecular weight and relatively low dispersity (Mw/Mn < 1.3) were obtained. ATRP chain extension of the resulting PILs with polystyrene revealed that the chain-end functionality of the PILs was significantly improved by slow feeding of the reducing agent during the polymerization. Simple and effective methods were developed to remove the residual halide ions from the ionic liquid monomer by ion exchange with LiTf2N or precipitation with AgTf2N, which allowed ARGET ATRP of the purified ionic liquid monomer to occur with as low as 20 ppm copper catalyst. Additionally, ARGET ATRP was used for the preparation of PIL block copolymers, including AB diblock and ABA triblock with PIL segment(s) as the middle or side blocks, using ionic liquid monomer or mono/difunctional PIL macroinitiators.
Development of economical UPS system having active filter across DC-bus (2005)

This paper proposes an economical single-phase flywheel uninterruptible power supply (UPS) having active filter across the dc-bus. The proposed UPS consists of diode rectifier, inverters, LC filter and flywheel energy storage unit, and it has many features such as low production cost, long life of the system. The proposed UPS has the active filter ability across the dc-bus, which realizes unity power factor operation without both PWM rectifier and bulky electrolytic capacitor. A three-phase inverter regulates PM motor/generator speed with flywheel and compensates the harmonic input current to the sinusoidal input current. The dc-bus line has the absolute waveform of input voltage. The output voltage obtains the sinusoidal waveform by using synchronous switched single-phase inverter. The simulation results point out that the proposed economical flywheel UPS system has the desired sinusoidal input current and output voltage. Moreover, the proposed system realizes maintenance free system, small size, long life and very low production cost
Improved simulation of photoresists using new development models (1998)

A new development rate model is proposed which is based on an equation derived by Huang, Reiser and Kwei for the concentration dependence of the dissolution rate of acidic resins in aqueous alkaline developers. This equation predicts cessation of development at a critical concentration c*. Experiments in which the developer strength was varied shows that the critical concentration c* is a linear function of the normalized sensitizer concentration m of positive-tone resists. The model is shown to reproduce the R(m) curves of conventional photoresists well, but it does not fully the unusual drop in the development rate curves at comparatively low relative sensitizer concentrations of m equals 0.4 to 0.7 shown by high- performance resist systems. This physical phenomenon can be related to a selective dissolution effect in which the lower molecular weight component of the two-component resins typically used in these resists is leached out of the surface areas. The onset of this phenomenon leads to a sudden lowering of the resist dissolution rate which is described by the introduction of a `notch function.'
Clinical Characteristics and Therapeutic Responses in Patients with Germ-LineAIPMutations and Pituitary Adenomas: An International Collaborative Study (2010)

AIPmut pituitary adenomas have clinical features that may negatively impact treatment efficacy. Predisposition for aggressive disease in young patients, often in a familial setting, suggests that earlier diagnosis of AIPmut pituitary adenomas may have clinical utility.
Is broadcast plus multi-access optimal for Gaussian wireless networks? (2004)

In this paper we show that "separation"-based approaches in wireless networks do not necessarily give good performance in terms of the capacity of the network. Therefore in optimal design of a wireless network, its total structure should be considered. In other words, achieving capacity on the subnetworks of a wireless network does not guarantee globally achieving capacity. We will illustrate this fact by considering some examples of multistage Gaussian wireless relay networks. We will consider a wireless Gaussian relay network with one stage in both fading and nonfading environment. We show that as the number of relay nodes, n, grows large, the capacity of this network scales like log n. We then show that with the "separation"-based scheme, in which the network is viewed as the concatenation of a broadcast and a multiaccess network, the achievable rate scales as log log n and as a constant for fading and nonfading environment, respectively, which is clearly suboptimal.
Inside Cover: Synthesis of Carbon/Sulfur Nanolaminates by Electrochemical Extraction of Titanium from Ti2SC (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 16/2015) (2015)

An electrochemical method has been developed to selectively extract Ti from the MAX phase Ti2SC to give C/S nanolaminates composed predominantly of amorphous and some graphene-like nanoflakes. In their Communication on page 4810 ff., Y. Gogotsi et al. demonstrate the C/S nanolaminates to be promising cathode candidates for Li/S batteries. They also show that it is possible to electrochemically selectively extract Ti from a number of other MAX phases to create a new class of “AX” phases, most of which should be nanolayered.
Synthesis and evaluation of cationic bacteriochlorin amphiphiles with effective in vitro photodynamic activity against cancer cells at low nanomolar concentration (2012)

Bacteriochlorins are attractive candidates as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy (PDT) due to their intense absorption in the near-infrared (NIR) region of the spectrum where light transmission through tissue is maximal. Many naturally occurring bacteriochlorins are inherently unstable due to adventitious atmospheric oxidation. A <i>de novo</i> synthesis affords bacteriochlorins that contain a geminal dimethyl group in each reduced pyrrole ring to increase stability against oxidation. Here, three new synthetic bacteriochlorins, each bearing a single side-chain containing one or two positive charges, were investigated for their <i>in vitro</i> PDT activity against HeLa human cancer cells. All bacteriochlorins were active at low nanomolar concentration when activated with NIR light; those bearing a single positive charge exhibited faster uptake and higher activity. The bacteriochlorins were localized in mitochondria, lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum as shown by organelle specific fluorescent probes. Cell death was <i>via</i> apoptosis as shown by cell morphology and nuclear condensation. Taken together, the results show the importance of appropriate peripheral groups about a photosensitizer for effective PDT applications.
Defect states in electron bombarded n-InP (1982)

A deep level transient spectroscopy study has been made of 1-MeV electron bombarded liquid encapsulated Czochralski grown n-InP Schottky barrier structures. Two previously unobserved shallow defect states were found at very low concentration levels in the unirradiated material, and irradiation resulted in seven new states in the upper-half of the band gap. Introduction rates, electron activation energies, and capture cross sections were examined and a preliminary investigation of annealing behavior was performed. The irradiation induced states all exhibited relatively low introduction rates and large capture cross sections, and three gave evidence of significant defect mobility near room temperature.
Ascaroside signaling in C. elegans (2013)

Over the past 10 years, the relevance of small-molecule signaling for many aspects of C. elegans development and behavior has become apparent. One prominent group of small-molecule signals are the ascarosides, which control dauer entry and exit as well as a variety of sex-specific and social behaviors, including male attraction, hermaphrodite repulsion, olfactory plasticity, and aggregation. This wide range of biological functions is facilitated by a great diversity of ascaroside chemical structures. These are based on the sugar ascarylose, which is linked to fatty acid-like side chains of varying lengths and often decorated further with building blocks derived from amino acids, folate, and other primary metabolites. Different ascarosides or combinations of ascarosides mediate different phenotypes, and even small differences in chemical structures are often associated with strongly altered activity profiles. Additional complexity arises from concentration-dependent effects and synergism between different ascarosides. The ascarosides are sensed by several types of chemosensory head neurons, including the ASK, ASI, and ADL neurons as well as the male-specific CEM neurons. Ascaroside perception is mediated by diverse families of G-protein coupled membrane receptors that act upstream of conserved signal transduction pathways, including insulin/IGF-1 signaling and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling. Biosynthesis of the ascarosides appears to integrate input from several primary metabolic pathways, including peroxisomal β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and amino acid catabolism. Life stage, sex, as well as food availability and other environmental factors affect ascaroside biosynthesis, suggesting that ascaroside signaling communicates detailed information about life history and metabolic state.
Measurement System of Bubbly Flow Using Ultrasonic Velocity Profile Monitor and Video Data Processing Unit, (III) (1998)

The authors have developed a new measurement system which consisted of an Ultrasonic Velocity Profile Monitor (UVP) and a Video Data Processing Unit (VDP) in order to clarify the two-dimensional flow characteristics in bubbly flows and to offer a data base to validate numerical codes for two-dimensional two-phase flow. In the present paper, the proposed measurement system is applied to fully developed bubbly cocurrent flows in a vertical rectangular channel. At first, both bubble and water velocity profiles and void fraction profiles in the channel were investigated statistically. In addition, the two-phase multiplier profile of turbulence intensity, which was defined as a ratio of the standard deviation of velocity fluctuation in a bubbly flow to that in a water single phase flow, were examined. Next, these flow characteristics were compared with those in bubbly countercurrent flows reported in our previous paper. Finally, concerning the drift flux model, the distribution parameter and drift velocity were obtained directly from both bubble and water velocity profiles and void fraction profiles, and their results were compared with those in bubbly countercurrent flows.
Study of Ni, Pt, and Ru Catalysts on Wood‐based Activated Carbon Supports and their Activity in Furfural Conversion to 2‐Methylfuran (2018)

Abstract Bio‐based chemicals can be produced from furfural through hydrotreatment. In this study, 2‐methylfuran (MF), a potential biofuel component, was produced with Pt, Ru, and Ni catalysts supported on wood‐based activated carbons. The catalytic hydrotreatment experiments were conducted in a batch reactor at 210–240 °C with 2‐propanol as solvent and 40 bar H 2 pressure. Two types of activated carbon supports were prepared by carbonization and activation of lignocellulosic biomass (forest‐residue‐based birch and spruce from Finland). Both types of activated carbons were suitable as catalyst supports, giving up to 100 % furfural conversions. The most important factors affecting the MF yield were the metal dispersion and particle size as well as reaction temperature. The highest observed MF yields were achieved with the noble metal catalysts with the highest dispersions at 240 °C after 120 min reaction time: 3 wt % Pt on spruce (MF yield of 50 %) and 3 wt % Ru on birch (MF yield of 49 %). Nickel catalysts were less active most likely owing to lower dispersions and incomplete metal reduction. Interesting results were obtained also with varying the metal loadings: the lower Pt loading (1.5 wt %) achieved almost the same MF yield as the 3 wt % catalysts, which can enable the production of MF with high yields and reduced catalyst costs. Based on this study, biomass‐based renewable activated carbons can be used as catalyst supports in furfural hydrotreatment with high conversions.
Chiral Cyclohexane 1,3-Diones as Inhibitors of Mutant SOD1-Dependent Protein Aggregation for the Treatment of ALS (2012)

Cyclohexane 1,3-diones were identified as a class of molecules exhibiting a protective effect against mutant SOD1 induced toxicity in PC-12 cells, but an optimized analogue had little or no effect on life extension in the G93A SOD1 mouse model for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Additional testing showed that these compounds were inactive in neurons and further analogue synthesis was carried out to identify compounds with neuronal activity. Starting from two racemic derivatives that were active in cortical neurons, two potent analogues (1b and 2b) were resolved, which were protective against mutant SOD1 induced toxicity in PC-12 cells. Both compounds were found to be active in cortical neurons and presented good ADME profiles in vitro. On the basis of these results, an ALS mouse trial with 1b was carried out, which showed slightly greater life extension than the FDA-approved ALS drug riluzole, thereby validating cyclohexane 1,3-diones as a novel therapeutic class for the treatment of ALS.