gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristic modes and evolution processes of shear-layer vortices in an elevated transverse jet (2005)

Characteristics and evolution processes of the traveling coherent flow structure in the shear layer of an elevated round jet in crossflow are studied experimentally in an open-loop wind tunnel. Streak pictures of the smoke flow patterns illuminated by the laser-light sheet in the median and horizontal planes are recorded with a high speed digital camera. Time histories of the instantaneous velocity of the vortical flows in the shear layer are digitized by a hot-wire anemometer through a high-speed data acquisition system. By analyzing the streak pictures of the smoke flow visualization, five characteristic flow structures, mixing-layer type vortices, backward-rolling vortices, forward-rolling vortices, swing-induced mushroom vortices, and jet-type vortices, are identified in the shear layer evolving from the up-wind edge of the jet exit. The behaviors and mechanisms of the vortical flow structure in the bent shear layer are prominently distinct in different flow regimes. The frequency characteristics, Strouhal number, power-spectrum density functions, autocorrelation coefficient, as well as the time and length scales of the coherent structure and the Lagrangian integral scales are obtained by processing the measured instantaneous velocity data. The Strouhal number is found to decay exponentially with the increase of the jet-to-crossflow momentum flux ratio. The autocorrelation coefficients provide the information for calculating the statistical time scales of the coherent structure and the integral time scales of turbulence fluctuations. The corresponding length scales of the vortical structure and the integral length scales of turbulence in the shear layer are therefore obtained and discussed.
Synthesis and Structure of RUB-58: An Almost Ordered, Highly Crystalline Member of the ZSM-48 Family of Zeolites (2023)

ZSM-48 describes a family of disordered high-silica zeolites with a one-dimensional pore system of straight 10-ring channels. Although many different synthesis procedures and various organic structure-directing agents have been tried, all ZSM-48-type materials produced to date have proven to be highly disordered. A few structural models were proposed by Schlenker et al. ( Zeolites 1985, 5, 355−358) and by Lobo and van Koningsveld ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 13222−12230) to describe the framework topology and the disorder of the real structure, but it has not been possible to refine the structure of a ZSM-48-type material using experimental diffraction data. RUB-58 was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions at 160 to 200 °C in the system SiO2/H2O/ethylenediamine/pyridine. The product consists of spherelike aggregates of small, needlelike, colorless crystals and has an X-ray powder diffraction (XPD) pattern similar to those published for ZSM-48-type materials. The pattern, however, contains a much larger number of sharp reflections indicative of a more ordered, crystalline material. The reflections could be indexed with the unit cell parameters a = 14.2095(3) Å, b = 20.0874(5) Å, c = 8.3752(2) Å in the space group Pna21, a sub-subgroup of Imma, which is the highest possible symmetry of the ordered ZSM-48 polymorph A (see the Database of Disordered Zeolite Structures). The structure analysis was performed in successive steps: (I) analysis of the average structure, which showed that the framework structure of RUB-58 can be described in terms of polymorph A and that the pyridine molecules occupy defined positions in the elliptical 10-ring channels; (II) refinement of a faulted structure using two separate, but identical polymorph A-type framework structures, with one shifted by exactly 0.5 of the unit cell along the channel direction (volume ratio: 92/8); (III) analysis of the structure of guest-free RUB-58 to examine the geometry of the channels in the empty framework (elliptical cross section nearly identical to that of the as-made material); and (IV) development of convincing disordered models to describe the real structure of RUB-58.
Dynamic measurement of critical-path timing (2008)

A high bandwidth critical path monitor (1 sample/ cycle at 4-5 GHz) capable of providing real-time timing margin information to a variable voltage/frequency scaling control loop is described. The critical path monitor tracks the critical path delay to within 1 FO2 inverter delay with a standard deviation less than 3 FO2 delays over process, voltage, temperature, and workload. The CPM is sensitive to 20 mV/bit A/C and 10 mV/bit DC voltage changes, and less than 10degC/bit temperature changes.
The Role of End-Winding in Building Up Parasitic Capacitances in Induction Motors (2019)

Modern variable-speed electrical drive systems have been widely used since the commercialization of power electronics-based frequency converters. Nevertheless, there are specific parasitic phenomena associated with inverter-induced bearing currents, which are always accompanying drive systems fed by pulse-width-modulated frequency converter outputs. In electrical machines, when considering capacitive bearing currents, the major role in forming the parasitic current path is played by the stray capacitance between the stator winding and the rotor surface. This capacitance can be divided in different proportions between the lamination stack zone and the end-winding part of the electrical machine depending on the machine power range. The outline of the current study is to investigate the share of the end-winding in building up the total winding-to-rotor capacitance as a function of the machine size.
Accent features and idiodictionaries : on improving accuracy for accented speakers in ASR (2007)

One of the most widespread approaches to dealing with the problem of accent variation in ASR has been to choose the most appropriate pronunciation dictionary for the speaker from a predefined set of dictionaries. This approach is weak in two ways: firstly that accent types are more numerous and more variable than can be captured in a few dictionaries, even if the knowledge were available to create them and secondly, accents vary in the composition and phonotactics of the phone inventory not just in which phones are used in which word.;In this work, we identify not the speaker's accent, but accent features which allow us to predict by rule their likely pronunciation of all words in the dictionary. Any given speaker is associated with a set of accent features, but it is not a requirement that those features constitute a known accent. We show that by building a pronunciation dictionary for an individual, an idiodictionary, recognition accuracy can be improved over a system using standard accent dictionaries.;The idiodictionary approach could be further enhanced by extending the set of phone models to improve the modelling of phone inventory and variation across accents. However an extended phoneme set is difficult to build since it requires specially-labelled training material, where the labelling is sensitive to the speaker's accent. An alternative is to borrow phone models of a suitable quality from other languages. In this work, we show that this phonetic fusion of languages can improve the recognition accuracy of the speech of an unknown accent.;This work has practical application in the construction of speech recognition systems that adapt to speakers' accents. Since it demonstrates the advantages of treating speakers as individuals rather than just as members of a group, the work also has potential implications for how accents are studied in phonetic research generally.
Restricted Fetch and Φ operations for parallel processing (1989)

This paper discusses a restricted form of the general Fetch&P operation and how the restricted form can be combined. In this restricted form, all processors participating in the combining have identical Fetch&P operations. Most applications of Fetch&P proposed in the literature satisfy the restrictions imposed. We show how this restricted form of Fetch&P allows an easy implementation of combining, especially in bus-based multiprocessors and multiprocessors with a separate synchronization memory. Applications of the proposed restricted Fetch&P operation are also considered.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Cytostatic Drugs: An Overview (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mid-Infrared Opto-nanofluidics for Label-free On-Chip Sensing (2014)

A mid-infrared (mid-IR) label-free chemical sensor was developed using opto-nanofluidics consisting of a Si-liquid-Si slot-structure. A broadband mid-IR lightwave can be strongly confined within a nanofluidic capillary by utilizing the large refractive index contrast (Δn ~ 2) between the liquid core waveguide and the Si cladding. Through an optical-field enhancement together with a direct interaction between the probe light and the analyte, the sensitivity for chemical detection is increased by 50 times when compared to evanescent-wave sensing. This spectral characterization distinguished several common organic liquids (e.g., n-bromohexane, toluene, isopropanol) accurately, and could determine the ratio of chemical species (e.g., acetonitrile and ethanol) at low concentration (&lt; 5 µL/mL) in a mixture through spectral scanning over their characteristic mid-IR absorption peaks. The combination of CMOS-compatible planar mid-IR microphotonics, and a high-throughput nanofluidic sensor system, provides a unique platform for chemical detection.
Search for Narrow Resonances Decaying to Dijets in Proton-Proton Collisions ats=13  TeV (2016)

No signal of new particles has been found by the CMS collaboration from Run 2 of the LHC at 13 TeV. This null result tightens constraints on a variety of models that predict the existence of heavy resonant states that decay into pairs of jets.
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and Exosome Profiling from a Year-Long Human Spaceflight Reveals Circulating Biomarkers (2020)

Liquid biopsies based on cell-free DNA (cfDNA) or exosomes provide a noninvasive approach to monitor human health and disease but have not been utilized for astronauts. Here, we profile cfDNA characteristics, including fragment size, cellular deconvolution, and nucleosome positioning, in an astronaut during a year-long mission on the International Space Station, compared to his identical twin on Earth and healthy donors. We observed a significant increase in the proportion of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) inflight, and analysis of post-flight exosomes in plasma revealed a 30-fold increase in circulating exosomes and patient-specific protein cargo (including brain-derived peptides) after the year-long mission. This longitudinal analysis of astronaut cfDNA during spaceflight and the exosome profiles highlights their utility for astronaut health monitoring, as well as cf-mtDNA levels as a potential biomarker for physiological stress or immune system responses related to microgravity, radiation exposure, and the other unique environmental conditions of spaceflight.
Aerodynamic Sound Production from Flying Beetles (2017)

The flapping wings of insects generate sounds during their flight. Recent interdisciplinary studies have extensively investigated the lift and thrust mechanisms produced from flapping flight; however, the associated sounds produced are less understood. Most studies have examined the amplitude and frequency with respect to wing beat reporting on the associated harmonic structure. The directionality and phase relationships have been examined in more detail in a few recent studies for flies and mosquitoes. In this study, we examine the sound generation mechanism from two invasive beetle species to Hawaii which are the Oriental Flower Beetle and the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle. The wing beat, amplitude, and phase relationships are measured and determined with an eight element spherical microphone array. The mechanism of second harmonic generation for the different species is investigated with adaptive signal processing (Empirical Mode Decomposition) and complementary high speed optical video. The rotational motion of wing has a significant role in the second harmonic for the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle. The different location and phase oscillation of the elytron for the two species results in different vortex generation during the down stroke.
Perfluorodecalin lavage of a longstanding lung atelectasis in a child with spinal muscle atrophy (2011)

Lavage with PFC can safely be performed with a therapeutic effect in a child with unilateral total lung atelectasis.
Measuring Catastrophic Forgetting in Neural Networks (2018)

Deep neural networks are used in many state-of-the-art systems for machine perception. Once a network is trained to do a specific task, e.g., bird classification, it cannot easily be trained to do new tasks, e.g., incrementally learning to recognize additional bird species or learning an entirely different task such as flower recognition. When new tasks are added, typical deep neural networks are prone to catastrophically forgetting previous tasks. Networks that are capable of assimilating new information incrementally, much like how humans form new memories over time, will be more efficient than re-training the model from scratch each time a new task needs to be learned. There have been multiple attempts to develop schemes that mitigate catastrophic forgetting, but these methods have not been directly compared, the tests used to evaluate them vary considerably, and these methods have only been evaluated on small-scale problems (e.g., MNIST). In this paper, we introduce new metrics and benchmarks for directly comparing five different mechanisms designed to mitigate catastrophic forgetting in neural networks: regularization, ensembling, rehearsal, dual-memory, and sparse-coding. Our experiments on real-world images and sounds show that the mechanism(s) that are critical for optimal performance vary based on the incremental training paradigm and type of data being used, but they all demonstrate that the catastrophic forgetting problem is not yet solved.
Design and control of wearable robot actuators (2005)

For a assistance robot, the term wearable has special implications. These implications are that a actuator must be lightweight, energy efficient/conservative and most importantly, safe. In contrast, a typical factory floor robot is none of these things. 
As an approach to developing energy conservative actuators, the concept of structure control is created. Structure control is an indirect method of mechanical actuation. Rather than using an actuator to drive a mechanical system into its desired behavior, structure control alters the natural response of the system. Manipulation of the passive mechanical parameters allows a system to respond as desired, passively. Proper use of this method can lead to the design of robust, energy conservative actuators. 
A Jack Spring™ is a new type of mechanical actuator, which is based upon the concept of structure control. An example Jack Spring mechanism is evaluated for ankle gait assistance. The Jack Spring actuator uses its inherent elastic nature to reduce both peak power and energy requirements for its motor. In the final example, peak power required of the motor for ankle gait is reduced from 247W to just 85W. In addition, energy requirements are reduced from nearly 51 Joules to just 26 Joules per step when compared to a simple motor/gearbox combination. Using this approach, an initial prototype is expected to provide 100% of the power and energy necessary for ankle gait in a compact 0.54kg package. This weight is 12 times less than predicted for a comparable motor/gearbox approach.
A ferroelectric electron emitter having a vacuum gap (2009)

Abstract A novel electron emitter utilizing the characteristics of ferroelectric ceramic materials has been developed. The electron‐emitting portion of the electron emitter has a unique micro‐structure which has the vacuum gap between an upper electrode and the surface of a ferroelectric layer. We confirmed electron emission by a three‐step process which consists of electron charge (the first step), charge retention (the second step), and electron emission (the third step). The ferroelectric hysteresis in the process indicates unique characteristics as follows. At the first step, remnant polarization of the same level as the completely adhered electrode structure is obtained in spite of a vacuum gap because the electron charge develops from the upper electrode to the surface of the ferroelectric layer under the vacuum gap in synchronism with the polarization reversal of the ferroelectric layer. On the other hand, at the third step, the electric field in the vacuum gap advances electron emission while the development of the polarization reversal inhibits the return of the electron charge along the surface of the ferroelectric layer. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 92(6): 21–30, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10083
Capacity of a 3-D multi-layer optical data storage system (2003)

A high capacity 3D multi-layer optical data storage system is being developed at Call/Recall, Inc. A single beam two-photon recording technique is used to record data tracks and layers within a monolithic thick plastic disk (D.A. Parthenopoulos and P.M. Rentzepis, Science vol. 245, pp. 843-845, 1989; H. Zhang et al., Proc. SPIE vol. 4090, pp. 174-178, 2000). The recorded bits emit broadband fluorescence when excited by a laser beam within the absorption band of the written molecule. The recorded volume has no noticeable index change in the visible spectrum. The recorded bits are non-reflective for the readout beam and recording beam. These properties allow the recording and readout beams to access multiple layers in parallel (H. Zhang, 18th IEEE Symp. Mass Storage Systems, pp. 225-236, 2000; E.P. Walker et al., ODS 2002; E.P. Walker et al., ODS 2001, Proc. SPIE, 2001). The capacity of the two-photon 3D multi-layer optical data storage system is influenced by the recorded bit volume, track pitch and layer separation.
Sub-Nyquist pulse Doppler MIMO radar (2017)

Pulse Doppler multiple input multiple output (MIMO) radar allows to simultaneously detect targets' range, azimuth and velocity. Achieving high resolution requires a large number of transmit and receive antennas, as well as high sampling rates leading to a torrent of samples. Overcoming the rate bottleneck, sub-Nyquist sampling methods have been proposed that break the link between single antenna radar signal bandwidth and range resolution. In this work, we present a sub-Nyquist MIMO radar (SUMMeR) system that extends these methods to a multiple antenna setting. We apply the Xampling framework both in time and space, thus reducing both the number of deployed antennas and samples per receiver, without degrading time and spatial resolution, as illustrated in the simulations.
Absorption Heat Pump/Refrigeration System Utilizing Ionic Liquid and Hydrofluorocarbon Refrigerants (2012)

The ionic liquid butylmethylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (bmim)(PF6) and five different hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants were investigated as the working fluid pairs for a waste-heat driven absorption heat pump system for possible applications in electronics thermal management. A significant amount of the energy consumed in large electronic systems is used for cooling, resulting in low grade waste heat, which can be used to drive an absorption refrigeration system if a suitable working fluids can be identified. The Redlich–Kwong-type equation of state was used to model the thermodynamic conditions and the binary mixture properties at the corresponding states. The effects of desorber and absorber temperatures, waste-heat quality, and system design on the heat pump performance were investigated. Supporting experiments using R134a/(bmim)(PF6) as the working fluid pair were performed. Desorber and absorber outlet temperatures were varied by adjusting the desorber supply power and the coolant temperature at the evaporator inlet, respectively. For an evaporator temperature of 41 °C, which is relevant to electronics cooling applications, the maximum cooling-to-total-energy input was 0.35 with the evaporator cooling capability of 36 W and the desorber outlet temperature in the range of 50 to 110 °C.
Scrotal ulceration as a consequence of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. (2005)

Induction therapy with all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA), an oral vitamin A derivative, has been shown to improve the short and long-term outcome of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). Common side effects include headache, fever, dry skin, and bone pain, and approximately 25% of treated patients experience ATRA syndrome, which includes fever, dyspnea, weight gain, pulmonary infiltrates, and pleural or pericardial effusions. Scrotal ulcerations due to ATRA are rare with 16 previously documented cases, most of whom were Asian. We report a Caucasian male with APML who developed scrotal ulceration during ATRA induction therapy and review the previously reported cases. Physicians and patients should be aware of this disturbing, but self-limited, dermatologic complication of ATRA.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Aluminum Fluoride on the Physical Properties and Stability of Fluorozirconate and Fluorozirco‐Hafnate Glasses. (1990)

Abstract The physical properties and thermal stability of fluorozirconate glasses (53 mol% ZrF 4 , 20 mol% BaF 2 , 4 mol% LaF 3 , 20 mol% NaF, and 3 mol% AlF 3 ) and fluorozirco‐hafnate glasses (substitution of 50% of the ZrF 4 by HfF 4 ) is studied as a function of the AlF 3 content which is varied over the range 2‐3.25 mol%.