gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pinning down Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) (B26) (2007)

Abstract Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (Btk) is a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase belonging to the Tec family of Src-related protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). Btk is predominantly expressed in B-lymphocytes as well as in myeloid and erythroid progenitor cells. It has been shown that Btk plays critical roles in B-lymphocytes development, differentiation, and signaling. Mutations in Btk cause X-linked agammaglobulinema in humans and X-linked immunodeficiency in mice. However, the mechanism of activation and signaling of this enzyme has not been fully investigated. The peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase (PPIase) Pin1 is an important regulator of cell proliferation and DNA-replication. Recent report shows that pin1 is overexpressed in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. In both cell lines and Pin1 knock-out mice experiment, We identified that the Pin1 is a negative regulator of Btk, controlling its expression level by reducing its half-life, and the negative regulatory effect of Pin1 is dependent on a functionally intact Btk. We also found that pin1 interact with Btk in a cell cycle dependent manner, Phosphorylation of Serine 21 leads to Pin1 binding and regulation only during mitosis, whereas phosphorylation of Serinev115 leads to Pin1 binding and regulation specifically in the resting cells. Our results indicate that, a key regulator of Btk activity and half-life, Pin1 prolyl isomerase controls a critical non–receptor tyrosine kinase for normal B cell biology. This study was supported by the Swedish Cancer Fond, The Magnus Bergvall Foundation, the Wallenberg Foundation and the European Union Grant EURO-POLICY-PID.
Spatial Fidelity of Microvascular Perforating Vessels as Perceived by Augmented Reality Virtual Projections (2023)

Corresponding points, including topography of perforating vessels, for the purposes of breast reconstruction can be identified within millimeters, but there remain multiple independent contributors of error, most notably the participant and location at which the projection is perceived.
Discovery and Optimization of Novel Antagonists to the Human Neurokinin-3 Receptor for the Treatment of Sex-Hormone Disorders (Part I) (2015)

Neurokinin-3 receptor (NK3R) has recently emerged as important in modulating the tonic pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release. We therefore decided to explore NK3R antagonists as therapeutics for sex-hormone disorders that can potentially benefit from lowering GnRH pulsatility with consequent diminished levels of plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) and correspondingly attenuated levels of circulating androgens and estrogens. The discovery and lead optimization of a novel N-acyl-triazolopiperazine NK3R antagonist chemotype achieved through bioisosteric lead change from the high-throughput screening (HTS) hit is described. A concomitant improvement in the antagonist bioactivity and ligand lipophilic efficiency (LLE) parameter were the principal guidelines in the lead optimization efforts. Examples of advanced lead analogues to demonstrate the amenability of this chemotype to achieving a suitable pharmacokinetic (PK) profile are provided as well as pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) correlations to analyze the trends observed for LH inhibition in castrated rats and monkeys that served as preliminary in vivo efficacy models.
Development and validation of a multiplex bead based assay for the detection of antibodies directed against SARS-CoV-2 proteins (2020)

Abstract Transplant recipients who develop COVID-19 may be at increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Determining antibody status against SARS-CoV-2 in candidates and recipients will be important to understand the epidemiology and clinical course of COVID-19 infection in this population. There are multiple antibody tests to detect antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, but their performance varies according to their platforms and the antigenic targets, making interpretation of the results challenging. Additionally, currently available serological tests do not exclude the possibility that positive responses are due to cross reactive antibodies to community coronaviruses. This study describes the development and validation of a high throughput multiplex bead based antibody detection assay with the capacity to identify, simultaneously, patient responses to five distinct SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The antibody response to these proteins are SARS-CoV-2 specific as antibodies against four community coronaviruses do not cross-react. Assay configuration is essentially identical to the single antigen bead assays used in the majority of histocompatibility laboratories around the world and could easily be implemented into routine screening of transplant candidates and recipients. This new assay provides a novel tool to interrogate the spectrum of immune responses to SAR-CoV-2 and is uniquely suitable for use in the transplant setting.
Mechanism of Field Emission from a Highly Phosphorous-Doped Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond (111) Surface (2006)

The mechanism of field emission from a highly P-doped diamond (111) surface has been studied by field/photo emission electron micro-spectroscopy. It was found that field emission peaks were located at -3 to -6 eV with respect to the substrate Fermi level (EF) and that photoemission peaks were located at -1 to +2 eV with respect to the substrate EF. Comparing this with the knowledge of work function and electron affinity of the sample, the mechanism of field emission has been elucidated. Namely, field emitted electrons are tunnel-emitted from states around the surface EF and there is a large amount of resistive potential drop at the emission site.
Proton Acceleration by Ultrashort Intense Laser Interaction with Microstructured Snow Targets (2015)

Enhanced proton acceleration to high energy by relatively modest ultrashort laser pulses and structured dynamic plasma snow targets was demonstrated experimentally. High proton yield emitted to narrow solid angle with energies of up 25 MeV were detected from interaction of a 5 TW laser with snow targets. The high yield was attributed to a carefully planned prepulse and microstructured snow targets. We studied experimentally the minimal energy requirements for the adequate prepulse and we are using PIC simulations to study the dynamics of acceleration process. Based on our simulations, we predict that using the proposed scheme protons can be accelerated to energies above 150 MeV by 100 TW laser systems.
Amphotericin B derivative blocks human immunodeficiency virus type 1 entry after CD4 binding: effect on virus-cell fusion but not on cell-cell fusion (1995)

The antiviral effect of MS8209, an amphotericin B derivative, was studied in CD4+ cells transfected with a lacZ gene inducible upon human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. MS8209 was shown to block virus entry after receptor binding and probably before virus-cell membrane fusion, but it had no effect on syncytium formation, although both processes are mediated by HIV-1 envelope proteins and CD4.
Joint Estimation of Depth, Reflectance and Illumination for Depth Refinement (2015)

In this paper we propose a method for joint estimation of depth, reflectance and illumination from a single RGB-D image for depth refinement. This is achieved by a simple optimization based approach with smoothness constraints on depth, reflectance and illumination. We introduce an adaptively weighted local similarity constraint for reflectance, a normalized spherical-harmonic model for illumination, and an edge-aware local smoothness constraint for depth. This allows us to generate high quality depth without additional processes such as pre-training of stochastic models or image segmentation. Experimental results demonstrate that our method estimates high quality depth in comparison with ground-truth data not only for laboratory conditions but also for complex real-world scenes.
The application of force feedback control schemes from studies on robotic systems to analyze a teleoperation system involving humans (2002)

The application of theoretical concepts and other principles from studies of force feedback control systems in robotics can be used to better understand a teleoperative system. Within the context of a robotic system, the teleoperation problem can be viewed as a strictly force control system in which the end-effector must maintain a specified force pattern on the environment. Using this analogy, the environment may be modelled as being subjected to disturbances or an active compliance. Such technical issues as stability, performance, controllability, and other developments in the control systems literature now easily extend to the area of teleoperation involving humans. To illustrate this procedure, an analysis is conducted of a system from an ongoing experiment. This experiment involves handicapped people and normals participating in a study to analyze the effect on performance of different types of force feedback algorithms and target tracking tasks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On the Efficiency of Charge Transfer State Splitting in Polymer:Fullerene Solar Cells (2014)

The field dependence and yield of free charge carrier generation in polymer:fullerene blends with varying energetic offsets is not affected when the excitation energy is varied from above band-gap to direct CT state excitation. Instead, the ability of the CT state to split is dictated by the energetic offset between the relaxed CT state and the charge separated (CS) state.
Use of syntactic context to produce term association lists for text retrieval (1992)

One aspect of world knowledge essential to information retrieval is knowing when two words are related. Knowing word relatedness allows a system given a user's query terms to retrieve relevant documents not containing those exact terms. Two words can be said to be related if they appear in the same contexts Document co-occurrence gives a measure of word relatedness that has proved to be too rough to be useful. The relatively recent apparition of on-line dictionaries and robust and rapid parsers permits the extraction of finer word contexts from large corpora. In this paper, we will describe such an extraction technique that uses only coarse syntactic analysis and no domain knowledge. This technique produces lists of words related to any work appearing in a corpus. When the closest related terms were used in query expansion of a standard information retrieval testbed, the results were much better than that given by document co-occurence techniques, and slightly better than using unexpanded queries, supporting the contention that semantically similar words were indeed extracted by this technique.
A precision technology for controlling protein adsorption and cell adhesion in bioMEMS (2002)

A surface coating technique is investigated to enhance device biocompatibility by eliminating bio-fouling, the strong but non-specific affinity of proteins and cells to attach to surfaces. This coating is a conformal, thin poly(ethylene glycol)-like film deposited in a glow discharge of tetraglyme. Substrates with different chemistries are successfully modified, and exhibit ultralow protein adsorption and cell attachment with the coating. This "stealth" or "non-fouling" coating can also be faithfully patterned using standard photolithography processes. The interaction of proteins and cells with patterned surfaces is limited only to the protein-adhesive domains, thus creating heterogeneous patterns of proteins and cell cultures on the surface. The potential benefits of our technique to applications such as cell-based assays and micro-electrodes are discussed.
Combining Quality Metrics using Machine Learning for improved and robust HDR Image Quality Assessment (2019)

We improve High Dynamic Range (HDR) Image Quality Assessment (IQA) using a full reference approach that combines results from various quality metrics (HDR-CQM). We combine metrics designed for different applications such as HDR, SDR and color difference measures in a single unifying framework using simple linear regression techniques and other non-linear machine learning (ML) based approaches. We find that using a non-linear combination of scores from different quality metrics using support vector machine is better at prediction than the other techniques such as random forest, random trees, multilayer perceptron or a radial basis function network. To improve performance and reduce complexity of the proposed approach, we use the Sequential Floating Selection technique to select a subset of metrics from a list of quality metrics. We evaluate the performance on two publicly available calibrated databases with different types of distortion and demonstrate improved performance using HDR-CQM as compared to several existing IQA metrics. We also show the generality and robustness of our approach using cross-database evaluation.
Single-component elastic wavefield separation at the free surface using source- and receiver-side gradients (2016)

We propose a new method to isolate the S-wave component of a recorded elastic wavefield using vertical component seismic data only. The approach is based on the analysis of spatial seismic wavefield gradients. Spatial gradients are obtained using a finite-difference approximation between closely-spaced adjacent sources and/or receivers. At the free surface, the horizontal spatial gradients of the vertical component of the wavefield correspond to the rotational component of ground motion (curl of the wavefield) around the two horizontal axes. These two components are directly related to the S-wave potential. We simulate a rotational source, theoretically only emitting S-waves, by computing the source-side horizontal gradients for vertically-directed sources. This removes the downgoing P-to-S mode-converted energy at the free surface, which would be recorded by a rotational receiver component using a conventional seismic source. Our method yields estimates of a wavefield as it would be recorded using rotational sources and rotational receivers. Using synthetic and real data, we show that such a wavefield is dominated by shear waves. Presentation Date: Wednesday, October 19, 2016 Start Time: 2:45:00 PM Location: 166 Presentation Type: ORAL
Relationship between baseline cerebral blood flow and vascular responses to changes in PaCO2 measured by positron emission tomography in humans: implication of inter‐individual variations of cerebral vascular tone (2008)

These findings support the assumption that cerebral vascular tone might incline towards vasoconstriction and vasodilatation when baseline CBF is low and high between individuals respectively. Although several determinants of cerebral vascular tone have been proposed, the mechanism of such inter-individual differences in cerebral vascular tone is unknown.
Targeted Temperature Manipulation and Analysis of the Influence on Mechanical Properties in Large-Scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (2022)

Layer times in large-scale Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (EAM) of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastics are often outside the recommended process window. Brief layer times of tall parts with short path lengths lead to high temperatures and thus to melting of the component. In contrast, the substrate temperature decreases too far at longer layer times to achieve sufficient fusion bonding through molecular diffusion across the interface. Heating by infrared emitters and cooling by compressed air were experimentally tested and evaluated as methods for temperature control. Assuming that bond formation is mainly temperature-controlled, mechanical properties were expected to be similar to those of non-manipulated samples at the same temperatures. Samples of short carbon fiber-filled polyamide 6 in pellet form were manufactured in three test series. Infrared heating resulted in comparable tensile properties to samples at the target temperature and in a significant increase compared to the base temperature without heating. Cooling proved to be more effective when closer to the deposition nozzle, with tensile results even exceeding the expected values at temperatures below 170 °C. Overall, the results support the potential for targeted temperature control in EAM and the hypothesis that comparable bond strength can be achieved in dependence of the final substrate temperature.
Lumbar spinal fusion in the outpatient setting: an update on management, surgical approaches and planning (2019)

Outpatient lumbar spinal fusion surgery has the potential for improved patient satisfaction, speed of recovery, and economic advantages when compared to inpatient surgery. Despite the rise in the number of these procedures performed annually, the literature on this topic remains scarce. As such, there is a need for a comprehensive review of current concepts in indications and management. The current review will present the most recent literature regarding pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative considerations when performing outpatient lumbar spinal fusion surgery.
Effects of 1-MeV neutron irradiation on the operation of a bistable optically controlled semiconductor switch (BOSS) (1994)

Recent subnanosecond-opening results of the semiconductor switch (BOSS) bistable optically controlled are presented. The processes of persistent photoconductivity followed by photo-quenching have been demonstrated in copper-compensated, silicon-doped, semi-insulating gallium arsenide (GaAs:Si:Cu). These processes allow a switch to be developed that can be closed by the application of one laser pulse (/spl lambda/=1.06 /spl mu/m) and opened by the application of a second laser pulse with a wavelength equal to twice that of the first laser. The opening phase is a two-step process which relies initially on the absorption of the 2-13-/spl mu/m laser and finally on the recombination of electrons in the conduction band with holes in the valance band. The second step requires a sufficient concentration of recombination centers in the material for opening to occur in the subnanosecond regime. This report discusses the effects of 1-MeV neutron irradiation on the BOSS material for the purpose of recombination center generation. Initial experiments indicated a reduction of the recombination time from several nanoseconds down to about 250 ps. Both experimental and theoretical results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Block Copolymer Morphologies in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Probing the Photovoltaic Structure−Function Relation (2008)

We integrate mesostructured titania arrays into dye-sensitized solar cells by replicating ordered, oriented one-dimensional (1D) columnar and three-dimensional (3D) bicontinuous gyroid block copolymer phases. The solar cell performance, charge transport, and recombination are investigated. We observe faster charge transport in 1D "wires" than through 3D gyroid arrays. However, owing to their structural instability, the surface area of the wire arrays is low, inhibiting the solar cell performance. The gyroid morphology, on the other hand, outperforms the current state-of-the-art mesoporous nanoparticle films.
Low-Cost Remarked Counterfeit IC Detection using LDO Regulators (2020)

Remarked and recycled counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs) form a vast majority (≈80-90%) of the total number of counterfeit IC instances. Although different types of test strategies have been developed for recycled IC detection, techniques that detect remarked ICs are limited. In this paper, we develop a method to detect false remarking of commercial grade chips into industrial/automotive grade by distinguishing power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of commercial and automotive grade low drop-out (LDO) regulators from four different vendors. In this process, we use supervised and unsupervised machine learning (ML) methods on PSRR measurements. Our results show a best-case accuracy of 90% for both commercial and industrial LDOs with supervised ML. On the other hand, unsupervised ML can detect commercial and industrial LDOs with a best-case accuracy of 75% for both types.
EVALUATION OF BRIDGE APPROACH RAILS (1992)

A recent study on the performance of guardrail-to-bridge rail transitions revealed that many widely used designs do not meet current safety standards. As a result, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) requested that the Arizona Department of Transportation verify the safety performance of its standard transition designs. Three transition designs currently being used by ADOT were evaluated through a combined program of computer simulation and full-scale crash testing. The standard ADOT wood post transition, incorporating a channel rubrail and two different sizes of timber posts at a reduced post spacing near the bridge rail end, was found to be in compliance with National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 230 performance criteria. The standard ADOT steel post transition with channel rubrail was also found to be in compliance with NCHRP Report 230 requirements when impacted near the end of the bridge rail. However, the upstream end of the steel post transition required modification to eliminate deficiencies identified during testing. The modified design, which terminated the channel rubrail behind a W6x9 guardrail post, was successfully crash tested.
Rindera graeca (Boraginaceae) Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities (2020)

<i>Rindera graeca</i> is a Greek endemic plant of the Boraginaceae family which has never been studied before. Consequently, this study attempted to phytochemically examine the aerial parts of this species. Nine phenolic secondary metabolites were identified, consisting of seven caffeic acid derivatives and two flavonol glucosides, namely rutin and quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-rhamnoside. These flavonoids, together with rosmarinic acid, were isolated via column chromatography and structurally determined through spectral analysis. Quercetin-3-rutinoside-7-rhamnoside is an unusual triglycoside, which is identified for the first time in <i>Rindera</i> genus and among Boraginaceae plants. This metabolite was further examined with thermal analysis and its 3D structure was simulated, revealing some intriguing information on its interaction with biological membrane models, which might have potential applications in microcirculation-related conditions. <i>R. graeca</i> was also analyzed for its pyrrolizidine alkaloids content, and it was found to contain echinatine together with echinatine N-oxide and rinderine N-oxide. Additionally, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of <i>R. graeca</i> methanol extract were determined, along with free radical inhibition assays. High total phenolic content and almost complete inhibition at experimental doses at the free radical assays indicate a potent antioxidant profile for this plant. Overall, through phytochemical analysis and biological activity assays, insight was gained on an endemic Greek species of the little-studied <i>Rindera</i> genus, while its potential for further applications has been assessed.
Identifying the presence and footprints of multiple incumbent transmitters (2015)

Cognitive networks share spectrum with incumbent, or pre-existing, networks by identifying their presence and not causing interference to them. Current methods to identify the presence of multiple incumbent transmitters require more information than is available to a cognitive network. In this paper, the energy received by cooperating CRs is used to identify the presence of multiple incumbent transmitters without knowledge of their locations, channel model, and communication protocols. Incumbents are distinguished as components of a Gaussian mixture model of the energy received by CRs. Furthermore, the algorithm finds each incumbent's footprint, i.e., the CRs that can cause the incumbent interference.