gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy vs. authenticity (1998)

In many cryptographic settings, there is a trade-off between privacy and authenticity. We analyze this trade-off in the context of electronic commerce: On one hand, we have schemes whose perfect and un-revokable privacy makes them susceptible to attacks such as blackmail and money-laundry. On the other hand, we have schemes where the authenticity of the funds (in the sense of ownership) is guaranteed by sacrificing user privacy in its entirety. In this work, we propose a model and protocols balancing the needs for privacy against those of authenticity.
In our proposed e-money system, all users enjoy full privacy, but both value of funds and user anonymity can be revoked or suspended unconditionally, by the cooperation of a quorum of banks and consumer rights organizations. Our method employs diffusion of a task into distributed modules; doing so, it enables a stronger and more realistic adversarial setting, and achieves increased security, privacy, availability and functionality without introducing any noticeable disadvantage. The result is a scheme that protects against privacy aided attacks, such as blackmail and money-laundry, as well as the ultimate crime, where an active attacker gets the bank's secret key or forces the bank to give unmarked bank notes. Our system, unlike all previous anonymous systems, can prevent all such crimes from successfully being perpetrated, and employs revocation to do so.
One important building block implements the desired balance between privacy and authenticity for digital signatures. We introduce magic ink signatures; such signatures require a quorum of servers to be produced, and a (possibly different) quorum to be unblinded. We present and use an efficient and robust scheme for magic ink DSS signatures.
The mechanisms introduced to balance the need for anonymity against the need to be able to revoke it, together with the notion of challenge semantics that we introduce, provide us with a very versatile system, a second important goal of our investigation. The proposed scheme is efficient and allows for numerous modes of payments.
Piezoelectric Actuated MEMS for Integrated RF Switches Based on PZT Thin Film Bridges (2006)

This paper reports a new concept for microelectromechanical switches, which addresses high frequency requirements and is based on piezoelectric thin film actuation. Key issues are an improved stress compensation by using a double side suspended bridge structure, the electrical separation between actuation and high frequency part, electroplating of freestanding copper contacts and the appliance of surface silicon micromachining. Laser vibrometer measurements reveal a displacement up to 13 μ m at voltages below 10 V and resonant frequencies up to 100 kHz, depending on the length of the bridges.
Hot Carrier Scattering at Interfacial Dislocations Observed by Ballistic-Electron-Emission Microscopy (1994)

In situ ballistic-electron-emission microscopy (BEEM) has been performed at 77 K on partially strain-relaxed, epitaxial Co${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$/Si(111) films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Hot electron scattering at individual interfacial dislocations has been observed for the first time by BEEM. Standing wave formation in the metal and changes of the surface electronic structure give rise to significant contrast in BEEM images. Apart from the dislocation- and surface-induced contrast, the interfacial transmission is generally found to be homogeneous.
High performance broadband photodetector and its array for optical communication (2015)

Device-level reduction of dark current is critical for improving the Signal to Noise ratio and dynamic range of system using III-V based optical components. We report on low-noise, back-illuminated p-i-n photodetector and its arrays with high spectral response for optical communication and also optical interconnects applications at 1.3 μm and 1.55 μm wavelengths. The photodetector is based on planar structure fabricated from InP having a latticematched InGaAs-absorber layer, and it is designed specifically for high sensitivity and low dark current (nA) at room temperature by minimizing leakage current. Electrical and optical performance of both individual diodes and small-pixel array test structures will be presented in this paper.
Boosting High-Level Vision with Joint Compression Artifacts Reduction and Super-Resolution (2020)

Due to the limits of bandwidth and storage space, digital images are usually down-scaled and compressed when transmitted over networks, resulting in loss of details and jarring artifacts that can lower the performance of high-level visual tasks. In this paper, we aim to generate an artifact-free high-resolution image from a low-resolution one compressed with an arbitrary quality factor by exploring joint compression artifacts reduction (CAR) and super-resolution (SR) tasks. First, we propose a context-aware joint CAR and SR neural network (CAJNN) that integrates both local and non-local features to solve CAR and SR in one-stage. Finally, a deep reconstruction network is adopted to predict high quality and high-resolution images. Evaluation on CAR and SR benchmark datasets shows that our CAJNN model outperforms previous methods and also takes 26.2% shorter runtime. Based on this model, we explore addressing two critical challenges in high-level computer vision: optical character recognition of low-resolution texts, and extremely tiny face detection. We demonstrate that CAJNN can serve as an effective image preprocessing method and improve the accuracy for real-scene text recognition (from 85.30% to 85.75%) and the average precision for tiny face detection (from 0.317 to 0.611).
Subtoxic dose of lithium cobalt oxide nanosheets impacts critical molecular pathways in trout gill epithelial cells (2020)

Global transcriptomics uncovered key molecular processes impacted by subtoxic dose of lithium cobalt oxide nanoparticles, indicating cellular attempts to restore energy and oxygen balance.
Structure−Activity Relationships of N-Acyl Pyrroloquinolone PDE-5 Inhibitors (2003)

The discovery of the potent and selective PDE-5 inhibitory activity of a pyrroloquinolone scaffold prompted us to explore the SAR of its acyl derivatives. During the course of these studies, three structural series were found with K(i) values for PDE-5 in the subnanomolar range. Systematic modification of one of these leads produced a compound with excellent selectivity for PDE-5 over other phosphodiesterases and oral bioavailability of 15% in male rats. This compound also displayed in vivo efficacy in an anesthetized canine model of erection when dosed intravenously.
IC‐P‐097: Influence of APOE‐ɛ4 genotype on global and regional Aβ deposition: Results from three WW‐ADNI [C‐11]PiB data studies (2012)

[C-11]PiB Accumulation by APOE Genotype We analyzed a total of 386 baseline 11 C-PiB scan data acquired 50-70 min post-injection in all the studies. The PET images were co-registered to individual MRI data, and automated VOI analysis were performed using DARTEL template, standard set of volumes of interest, and cerebrospinal fluid volume correction. The regional (precuneus, frontal, temporal and parietal cortices) uptake was evaluated in reference to that of the cerebellum. The mean cortical uptake (mcSUVR) was regarded as the representative value of individual global cortical amyloid deposition. The cut-off mcSUVR value for PiB-positivity was set at 1.5 for all the studies. Among all the studies, the number of subjects in each APOE genotype with PiB positive or negative (PiB+/PiB-) were; e 2 e 2 (0/1), e 2 e 3 (4/20), e 2 e 4 (7/3), e 3 e 3 (71/106), e 3 e 4 (110/31) and e 4 e 4 (14/19). In the PiB-positive subjects, 11 C-PiB uptake level was significantly elevated (P <0.001) in all the regions and the whole brain in e 4 carrier subjects with apparent gene dose effect. On the other hand, the regional 11 C-PiB uptake in precuneus solely showed significant reduction (P<0.05) in e 2 carrier subjects. These results suggest that ApoE e 4 allele has a strong effect facilitating Amyloid β (Aβ) deposition in all the brain regions without regional preferences. On the other hand, APOE e 2 allele seems to have some regional weighted effect to reduce A β deposition especially in the precuneus. Further studies are required to examine the relationship between the spatial distribution of A β deposition and APOE genotype and their role on AD pathogenesis.
Flat spectral response silicon arrayed waveguide gratings via ion implantation (2006)

A flat spectral response has long been a requirement in photonic networking. In order to find a low cost alternative compared to some other technologies, a novel method is demonstrated to achieve such a response in silicon-on-insulator arrayed waveguide gratings (AWG) through free carrier absorption, implemented by ion implantation of dopant species. The AWG is designed using 1.5mum Si-overlayer on an SOI wafer utilising rib waveguides with a width of 1.1mum and an etch-depth of 0.88mum to facilitate the single-mode, birefringence-free operation. It is also essential to achieve a uniform dopant concentration throughout the guiding region to avoid any phase errors resulting from the free carriers. This can be achieved using multiple ion implantation steps. Both n and p type dopants are investigated and results showed significant reduction of doping length is achieved by using n-type dopant as compared to a p-type dopants. The broadened passband is measured to be 0.5nm, a 5 times broadening from the Gaussian peak.
Effects of aclidinium on airway remodelling in guinea pigs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke (2011)

Introduction: Exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) causes airway remodelling and airflow obstruction; it is a main risk factor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Aims: To investigate whether aclidinium bromide, a novel muscarinic antagonist, reduces airway remodelling in guinea pigs chronically exposed to CS. Methods: Male guinea pigs (n=46) were divided into 2 groups: control (n=22) and exposed to CS (n=24; 6 cigarettes/day, 5 days/week for 24 weeks). Animals received nebulised vehicle, aclidinium 10μg/mL or aclidinium 30μg/mL 60 min before CS exposure. The thickness of the adventitia, muscularis and mucosal layers of the airway wall was measured by planimetry in immunostained sections. Emphysema and goblet cell metaplasia were evaluated using sections stained with haematoxylin-eosin and alcian blue, respectively. The internal luminal perimeter of each airway served as a reference to normalise and stratify the assessments. Results: Aclidinium prevented thickening of the small airway muscularis layer in animals exposed to CS. Thickness after CS exposure was: aclidinium 10μg/mL 18μm and aclidinium 30μg/mL 21μm vs vehicle 32μm (p&lt;0.05 both doses). Aclidinium (both doses) reduced the amount of smooth muscle content (α-actin) in CS-exposed animals. Thickening of the adventitia and mucosal layers, goblet cell metaplasia and emphysema were not significantly reduced with aclidinium treatment. Conclusions: Aclidinium 10μg/mL and 30μg/mL reduce airway remodelling in guinea pigs by reducing the muscularisation of small airways seen after chronic CS exposure. This study was supported by Almirall S.A., Barcelona, Spain, and Consorcios Estratégicos Nacionales en Investigaciόn Técnica (CENIT).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Carbenic Decomposition of Functionally Substituted Diazoacetic Esters. Part 8. Cyanomethyl Diazoacetate. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comprehensive monitoring of a biphasic switchable solvent synthesis (2012)

Biphasic reactions were investigated in a specially designed high pressure set-up that allows simultaneous fibre-optic ATR IR and ATR UV-Vis measurements in both phases. The scope of quantitative spectroscopic measurements is tested on the absorption of CO(2) in hexanol and a biphasic switchable solvent synthesis. For both systems, all substances including dissolved and gaseous CO(2) can be quantified and a constant total mass balance over all phases can be achieved for every component in the reaction system. This confirms that the quantification methods are applicable and the reactor can be applied to gain further insight into the microkinetics and transport phenomena of multiphase reactions.
Synthesis of N ‐Acetyl Enamides by Reductive Acetylation of Oximes Mediated with Iron( II ) Acetate: N ‐(1‐(4‐Bromophenyl)vinyl)acetamide (2014)

Abstract 1‐(4‐Bromophenyl)ethanone Hydroxylamine hydrochloride Ethanol Pyridine 1‐(4‐Bromophenyl)ethanone oxime N ‐(1‐(4‐Bromophenyl)vinyl)acetamide Tetrahydrofuran Acetic anhydride Acetic acid Iron(II) acetate
A steady-state analytical model for the trench insulated gate bipolar transistor (2002)

A steady-state, physically-based analytical model for the trench Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) which accounts for a combined PIN diode-PNP transistor carrier dynamics is proposed. Previous models (i.e. PIN model and PNP transistor model) cannot account properly for the carrier dynamics in trench IGBT since neither the PNP transistor nor the PIN diode effect can be neglected. An optimised trench IGBT with a large ratio between the accumulation layer and the cell size leads to substantially improved on-state characteristics, which makes the trench IGBT potentially the most attractive device in the area of high voltage fast switching devices.
Synthesis and TFT Properties of Fluorenyl Cored Conjugated Compound for Organic Thin Film Transistors (2016)

The 5,5'-(4,4'-(9,9-dioctyl-9H-fluorene-2,7-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(2-hexylthieno[3,2-b]thiophene) FCBT (6) was synthesized by connecting the fluorenyl, thienothiophenyl and phenyl units. The compound was characterized by FT-IR, H1NMR, C13NMR and mass spectroscopy. The compound has shown good solubility and thermal stability over 417 degrees C. The compound has shown hole mobility of 4.76 x 10(-6) cm2Ns. The on-off ratio and threshold voltage were 7.5 x 10(2) and -8.26 V respectively.
PMMA/PDMS valves and pumps for disposable microfluidics (2009)

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is gaining in popularity in microfluidic devices because of its low cost, excellent optical transparency, attractive mechanical/chemical properties, and simple fabrication procedures. It has been used to fabricate micromixers, PCR reactors, CE and many other microdevices. Here we present the design, fabrication, characterization and application of pneumatic microvalves and micropumps based on PMMA. Valves and pumps are fabricated by sandwiching a PDMS membrane between PMMA fluidic channel and manifold wafers. Valve closing or opening can be controlled by adjusting the pressure in a displacement chamber on the pneumatic layer via a computer regulated solenoid. The valve provides up to 15.4 microL s(-1) at 60 kPa fluid pressure and seals reliably against forward fluid pressure as high as 60 kPa. A PMMA diaphragm pump can be assembled by simply connecting three valves in series. By varying valve volume or opening time, pumping rates ranging from nL to microL per second can be accurately achieved. The PMMA based valves and pumps were further tested in a disposable automatic nucleic acid extraction microchip to extract DNA from human whole blood. The DNA extraction efficiency was about 25% and the 260 nm/280 nm UV absorption ratio for extracted DNA was 1.72. Because of its advantages of inexpensive, facile fabrication, robust and easy integration, the PMMA valve and pump will find their wide application for fluidic manipulation in portable and disposable microfluidic devices.
Detailed study of IP/ reconfigurable optical networks (2004)

IP over reconfigurable optical network architectures have been extensively discussed within the research literature over the past few years. However, although reconfigurable optical networks have been deployed and signaling protocols between IP routers and optical networks have been standardized, large IP backbones are typically deployed using the reconfigurable optical networks. One of the most important criteria in determining whether an IP backbone should be carried over a reconfigurable optical network is economic viability - which necessitates a detailed, accurate economic study of IP backbone over reconfigurable optical network architectures. In this paper, we analyze and explore four IP over optical network architectures for a typical large ISP backbone. In contrast with other published claims, our results suggest that an IP over opaque reconfigurable optical network architecture is not economically attractive with current equipment and IP backbone network design requirements. However, for ISPs also carrying large volumes of transport network private line services, our proposed integrated IP over re-configurable optical network architecture may provide an attractive alternative for providing rapid, cost effective failure recovery.
Abstract 5361: Predesigned gene content for rapid deployment of custom oncology panels (2017)

Abstract Efficient utilization of targeted gene panels for oncology research is challenged by the wide variation in gene constituents specific to a given study. While focused gene panels efficiently provide the necessary depth of coverage for low frequency variant detection, the high costs and design challenges associated with de novo panel design present challenges. The NEBNext DirectTM technology utilizes a novel approach to selectively enrich nucleic acid targets ranging from a single gene to several hundred genes, without sacrificing specificity. The approach rapidly hybridizes both strands of genomic DNA with biotinyated probes prior to strepdavidin bead capture, enzymatic removal of off-target sequence, and conversion of captured molecules into sequencer-ready libraries. This results in a unique read coverage profile that results in uniform coverage across a given target. Unlike alternative hybridization methods, the approach does not necessitate upfront library preparation, and instead converts the captured molecules into dual-indexed illumina sequencer compatible libraries containing an 8 basepair sample ID and a 12bp Unique Molecule Index (UMI). The UMI individually tags each molecule prior to the final PCR amplification of the library, enabling identification of PCR duplicate molecules. The result is a 1-day protocol that enables the preparation of sequence-ready libraries from purified genomic DNA specific to the gene content included in the panel. We have designed and developed baits specific to the full exonic content of 450 genes associated with cancer. These are designed, balanced, and pooled on a per gene basis, and can be combined into customized panels, allowing rapid turnaround of specific custom gene subsets. Here, we present the ability to rapidly deploy custom gene panels across a variety of panel sizes and content, while maintaining high specificity, uniformity of coverage across target content, and sensitivity to detect nucleic acid variants from tumor samples. Citation Format: Andrew J. Barry, Amy Emerman, Sarah Bowman, Kruti Patel, Eileen Dimalanta, Scott Adams, Noa Henig, Fiona Stewart, Cynthia Hendrickson, Theodore Davis, Charles Elfe. Predesigned gene content for rapid deployment of custom oncology panels [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5361. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5361
Characterization of a new automated electron beam wafer inspection system (1995)

An inspection system has been developed that uses high-speed electron- beam imaging combined with digital image processing to automatically locate defects on semiconductor wafers. The system inspects wafers using a low beam energy of 0.8 KeV and a scan speed that is as much as 1000 times faster than traditional SEMs. This paper describes the system and presents characterization testing results of the system's ability to find defects on advanced integrated circuits. Three unique applications for the new automated scanning electron microscope inspection system (SEMSpec) have been found. First, the high resolution of the electron imaging microscope allows the tool to find much smaller defects than optical inspection systems can find. The SEMSpec system found defects smaller than 0.1 micrometers in size, even on densely packed, sub-quarter micron, high aspect ratio, multilayer geometries. Second, wafers that are late in the fabrication process are much easier to inspect at high sensitivity by SEMSpec than by optical means. This is because SEMSpec images are much cleaner than optical images when viewing grainy poly, metal, or other interconnect layers. Third, the SEMSpec system can sometimes find electrical problems by observing charge-induced voltage contrast differences. Voltage contrast occurs when some of the IC features are electrically defective and they charge up differently under the electron beam than they normally would. The SEMSpec system can then identify them as defective even though they might otherwise appear to be perfectly formed.
Hormonal Regulation of Immunoglobulins in the Rat Uterus: Uterine Response to a Single Estradiol Treatment* (1983)

Levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) A and IgG were analyzed in uterine tissue and secretions to examine the mechanisms by which estrogens regulate luminal Ig accumulation. Within 3 h after a single injection of estradiol (1 μg) to ovariectomized rats, levels of both IgA and IgG increased significantly in uterine tissue. Ig content remained elevated at 6 h and then declined by 22 h after estradiol treatment. These rapid increases in tissue levels of IgA and IgG were dose dependent and were accompanied by elevations in tissue IgM and total protein content. Analysis of uterine secretions demonstrated that estradiol also significantly increased the levels of luminal IgG, relative to control, but had no effect on either IgA or IgM. Luminal IgG content rose significantly within 3 h after a single estradiol treatment and decreased to control levels by 22 h. The amounts of IgG in uterine secretions at 3 and 6 h were significantly less than IgG levels measured in uterine tissue. The pattern of protein accumulation in the uterine lumen after estradiol administration was analogous to that of IgG. Since Ig accumulation occurred in parallel with uterine water imbibition, our findings suggest that the rapid increases in tissue IgA, IgG, and IgM after estradiol treatment are due to serum transudation and not local synthesis. This conclusion is supported by several observations. First, immunofluorescent studies failed to demonstrate the presence of IgA-positive cells in uterine tissue 3 h after estradiol administration. Second, radiolabeled IgG moved from blood to uterine tissue to lumen during water imbibition. The [125I]IgG specific activities in both serum and tissue were identical. Third, estriol treatment of ovariectomized rats duplicated the rapid effects of estradiol on uterine weight and tissue and luminal IgG accumulation. Fourth, when dexamethasone was administered before estradiol, both the wet weight elevation and the uterine IgG response were blocked. These experiments indicate that estrogens exert a rapid effect on uterine Ig levels through a process that involves serum transudation. Furthermore, these findings show that the mechanisms responsible for IgG and IgA movement into the uterine lumen after estrogen treatment are different.