gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract CT140: PINC trial: Preventing invasive breast neoplasia with chloroquine (2017)

Abstract The PINC trial (NCT01023477) examined the dosage efficacy of oral chloroquine (CQ), an autophagy inhibitor, as a neoadjuvant therapy to reduce the volume, cause regression and decrease the recurrence of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), for any grade or ER/PR/Her2 status. Study Objectives: Establish the safety of preventive doses of chloroquine in patients receiving external beam radiation. Elucidate functional molecular and cellular impacts of in vivo autophagy pathway treatment for DCIS. Study the impact of autophagy inhibitors on the MRI characteristics of DCIS lesions. Study the molecular cytogenetic profile of DCIS lesions before and after therapy. This trial implemented a general strategy to accelerate the pace of community-based translational research. Technology for providing immediate feedback on the therapeutic efficacy at the molecular level can be broadly extended to other trials. Methodology: 12 patients diagnosed with DCIS (any grade or ER/PR/Her2 status) were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive CQ at 250mg/week (n=5) or 500mg/week (n=7) for 4 weeks, followed by standard of care surgical therapy. MRI was performed before/after CQ treatment. DCIS spheroid forming cells were isolated and propagated from fresh human DCIS lesions. DCIS cells were characterized by organ culture, xenograft transplantation, molecular cytogenetics, and 59 cell signaling kinases were quantified by Reverse Phase Protein Microarrays. Results: 12 patients completed 4 weeks of CQ treatment prior to surgical excision of their DCIS lesion, with 1 yr follow-up information. CQ treatment reduced PCNA proliferation index in DCIS lesions compared to untreated controls (p=0.001) and inhibited autophagic flux (LC3B positive puncta by IHC). CQ reduced the number of mammospheres in organoid culture without altering copy number variation. Xenograft transplants in NOD/SCID mouse mammary fat pads failed to generate tumors (n=4). 7/12 patients exhibited a reduction in lesion diameter by MRI, 3/12 patients exhibited no measurable change, and 2/12 had a slight increase. Calcium export channel protein (PMCA2) co-localized with 3+ HER2 positive DCIS lesions. Tumor infiltrating macrophages migrated into DCIS ducts following CQ therapy compared to controls (p=0.006). Conclusion: Oral chloroquine, as anti-autophagy therapy, generates a measurable reduction in proliferation of DCIS lesions and enhances immune cell migration into the duct. Citation Format: Virginia A. Espina, Lance Liotta, Svetlana Rassulova, Holly Gallimore, Thalia Grant-Wisdom, Geetha Menezes, Hassan Nayer, Kirsten Edmiston. PINC trial: Preventing invasive breast neoplasia with chloroquine [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr CT140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-CT140
Controlled Survival Study of the Effects of Tisseel or a Combination of FloSeal and Tisseel on Major Vascular Injury and Major Collecting-System Injury during Partial Nephrectomy in a Porcine Model (2005)

Tisseel alone is not adequate for either hemostasis or management of major collecting-system injury. FloSeal capped with Tisseel appears sufficient to control major vascular and collecting-system injuries without adjunctive surgical measures. A proposed technique for laparoscopic partial nephrectomy without reconstructive techniques is presented that warrants clinical study.
Software instruction caching (2007)

As microprocessor complexities and costs skyrocket, designers are looking for ways to simplify their designs to reduce costs, improve energy efficiency, or squeeze more computational elements on each chip. This is particularly true for the embedded domain where cost and energy consumption are paramount. Software instruction caches have the potential to provide the required performance while using simpler, more efficient hardware. A software cache consists of a simple array memory (such as a scratchpad) and a software system that is capable of automatically managing that memory as a cache.
Software caches have several advantages over traditional hardware caches. Without complex cache-management logic, the processor hardware is cheaper and easier to design, verify and manufacture. The reduced access energy of simple memories can result in a net energy savings if management overhead is kept low. Software caches can also be customized to each individual program's needs, improving performance or eliminating unpredictable timing for real-time embedded applications. The greatest challenge for a software cache is providing good performance using general-purpose instructions for cache management rather than specially-designed hardware.
This thesis designs and implements a working system (Flexicache ) on an actual embedded processor and uses it to investigate the strengths and weaknesses of software instruction caches. Although both data and instruction caches can be implemented in software, very different techniques are used to optimize performance; this work focuses exclusively on software instruction caches. The Flexicache system consists of two software components: a static off-line preprocessor to add caching to an application and a dynamic runtime system to manage memory during execution. Key interfaces and optimizations are identified and characterized. The system is evaluated in detail from the standpoints of both performance and energy consumption. The results indicate that software instruction caches can perform comparably to hardware caches in embedded processors. On most benchmarks, the overhead relative to a hardware cache is less than 12% and can be as low as 2.4%. At the same time, the software cache uses up to 6% less energy. This is achieved using a simple, directly-addressed memory and without requiring any complex, specialized hardware structures. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Predicting Depression via Social Media (2021)

Major depression constitutes a serious challenge in personal and public health. Tens of millions of people each year suffer from depression and only a fraction receives adequate treatment. We explore the potential to use social media to detect and diagnose major depressive disorder in individuals. We first employ crowdsourcing to compile a set of Twitter users who report being diagnosed with clinical depression, based on a standard psychometric instrument. Through their social media postings over a year preceding the onset of depression, we measure behavioral attributes relating to social engagement, emotion, language and linguistic styles, ego network, and mentions of antidepressant medications. We leverage these behavioral cues, to build a statistical classifier that provides estimates of the risk of depression, before the reported onset. We find that social media contains useful signals for characterizing the onset of depression in individuals, as measured through decrease in social activity, raised negative affect, highly clustered egonetworks, heightened relational and medicinal concerns, and greater expression of religious involvement. We believe our findings and methods may be useful in developing tools for identifying the onset of major depression, for use by healthcare agencies; or on behalf of individuals, enabling those suffering from depression to be more proactive about their mental health.
Ion Intercalation into 2D Titanium Carbide Based MXenes: Applications for Electrochemical Capacitors (2014)

We recently produced a new 2-D material, viz. Ti 3 C 2 , by selectively etching aluminium from a MAX phase Ti 3 AlC 2 and labelled it MXene. MXenes represents a large family of transition metal carbides and carbonitrides, not just a single phase. Unlike graphene, whose chemistry is restricted to carbon, MXenes allow a variety of chemical compositions and are establishing themselves as a new class of two-dimensional materials. MXenes possess good in-plane conductivity, which in combination with the rich surface chemistry makes them attractive for electrical energy storage applications. However while potential of MXenes as anode materials for Li-ion batteries has already been shown, their use in electrochemical capacitors has not been explored. Herein, we report on the intercalation of Li + , Na + , Mg 2+ , K + , NH 4 + , and Al 3+ ions between the 2D Ti 3 C 2 T x layers. In most cases, the cations intercalated spontaneously. The intercalation of some ions, notably Al 3+ , can be promoted electrochemically. We also report on intercalation-induced high volumetric capacitance of flexible Ti 3 C 2 T x paper electrodes. This study provides a basis for exploring a large family of 2D carbides and carbonitrides in electrochemical energy storage applications using single- and multivalent ions. References. Lukatskaya, M.R., et al., Cation Intercalation and High Volumetric Capacitance of Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide. Science, 2013. 341 (6153): p. 1502-1505.
TabletGaze: Unconstrained Appearance-based Gaze Estimation in Mobile Tablets (2015)

We study gaze estimation on tablets, our key design goal is uncalibrated gaze estimation using the front-facing camera during natural use of tablets, where the posture and method of holding the tablet is not constrained. We collected the first large unconstrained gaze dataset of tablet users, labeled Rice TabletGaze dataset. The dataset consists of 51 subjects, each with 4 different postures and 35 gaze locations. Subjects vary in race, gender and in their need for prescription glasses, all of which might impact gaze estimation accuracy. Driven by our observations on the collected data, we present a TabletGaze algorithm for automatic gaze estimation using multi-level HoG feature and Random Forests regressor. The TabletGaze algorithm achieves a mean error of 3.17 cm. We perform extensive evaluation on the impact of various factors such as dataset size, race, wearing glasses and user posture on the gaze estimation accuracy and make important observations about the impact of these factors.
Optical channel de-aggregation of quadrature-phase-shift-keying and eight-phase-shift-keying data using mapping onto constellation axes (2015)

An eight-phase-shift-keying signal is experimentally de-aggregated onto two four-pulse amplitude modulation signals using nonlinear processes in optical elements. Quadrature-phase-shift-keying signals are similarly de-multiplexed into two binary phase shift keying signals by mapping the data points onto the constellation axes. De-multiplexing performance is evaluated as a function of the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the incoming signals. The effect of phase noise is also studied.
Separation of scandium from leachates of Greek bauxite residue by adsorption with functionalised chitosan-silica hybrid materials (2015)

status: Published
MetaMerge: scaling up genome-scale metabolic reconstructions with application to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2012)

Reconstructed models of metabolic networks are widely used for studying metabolism in various organisms. Many different reconstructions of the same organism often exist concurrently, forcing researchers to choose one of them at the exclusion of the others. We describe MetaMerge, an algorithm for semi-automatically reconciling a pair of existing metabolic network reconstructions into a single metabolic network model. We use MetaMerge to combine two published metabolic networks for Mycobacterium tuberculosis into a single network, which allows many reactions that could not be active in the individual models to become active, and predicts essential genes with a higher positive predictive value.
Physical layer transmitter and routing optimization to maximize the traffic throughput of a nonlinear optical mesh network (2014)

This paper investigates the physical layer optimization as a means of improving the utilization of limited network resources. A transparent optical network operating in the nonlinear transmission regime using coherent optical technology is considered. A physical layer model is described that allows the transmission signal quality to be included in the optimization process. Initially a fixed power, route-adapted modulation format approach is taken using integer linear programming to solve the static route allocation problem. It is shown that for the 14-node, 21-link NSF mesh network adaptation of the modulation formats leads to increases in data throughput of 17%. Optimization of the individual transmitter launch powers and spectral channel allocation results in a SNR margin of 2.3 dB, which is used to further increase the overall network traffic throughput exceeding the fixed PM-QPSK modulation format by as much as 50%. Compared to other work this paper highlights that increased gains in network throughput can be achieved if nonlinear interference is included in the routing and spectral assignment algorithm and individual transmitter spectral assignment and launch power is optimized to minimize nonlinear interference. © 2014 IFIP.
Endothelium‐dependent relaxation in coronary arteries requires magnesium ions (1987)

A great deal of interest has recently focused upon the mechanism(s) associated with the generation and action of endothelium-derived relaxant factors (EDRFs) in blood vessels. Since we have shown that extracellular magnesium ions ([Mg2+]o) are important in control of coronary vascular tone and reactivity, we wondered whether these divalent cations play any role in the generation or action of EDRF in coronary arterial smooth muscle. Using isolated canine coronary arterial rings, we have now found that removal of [Mg2+]o inhibits the ability of these vascular preparations to relax when challenged with acetylcholine; in the absence of [Mg2+]o, the relaxation concentration-response curves for acetylcholine are shifted markedly to higher concentrations with small maxima. It, thus, appears that [Mg2+]o is an important co-factor for acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation in canine coronary arteries. These findings support our previous hypothesis that dietary deficiency of Mg may be an important factor in aetiology of coronary vasospasm.
Research on agricultural dwelling welfare application plan according to empty house reality condition -Centered on Yeongwol-gun- (2015)

This research aims to study agricultural dwelling welfare's application plan according to empty house reality condition. Study's subject was empty houses in Yeongwol-gul in year 2013. Data analysis was concentrated on measuring questionnaires and SPSSWIN 16.0 was used for statistics of frequency analysis and average analysis. As a result, first, empty house's background occurrence and environment was investigated. Second, due to dead mine and rural exodus, there was increase in the number of empty houses, which damaged regional scenary. Furthermore, the region became a crime-ridden district, which is a social issue. Third, it was found that plans as empty house remodeling, policy support, various alternatives, systematic management, housing welfare, and continuous promotion were needed. This research will provide implications in solving social issues due to empty houses, and through application plan, there will be improvement in agricultural dwelling welfare and income increase. There also will be improvement in environment, and policy source for inducing city people and original residents to empty houses.
Multicore computing--the state of the art (2008)

This document presents the current state of the art in multicore computing, in hardware and software, as well as ongoing activities, especially in Sweden. To a large extent, it draws on the presentations given at the Multicore Days 2008 organized by SICS, Swedish Multicore Initiative and Ericsson Software Research but the published literature and the experience of the authors has been equally important sources. It is clear that multicore processors will be with us for the foreseeable future; there seems to be no alternative way to provide substantial increases of microprocessor performance in the coming years. While processors with a few (2–8) cores are common today, this number is projected to grow as we enter the era of manycore computing. The road ahead for multicore and manycore hardware seems relatively clear, although some issues like the organization of the on-chip memory hierarchy remain to be settled. Multicore software is however much less mature, with fundamental questions of programming models, languages, tools and methodologies still outstanding.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical and Cost‐Efficient, One‐Pot Conversion of Aldehydes into Nitriles Mediated by “Activated DMSO”. (2012)

Abstract The transformation of a variety of aldehydes is readily achieved in the presence of an optimized amount of hydroxylamine hydrochloride with water as the only by‐product.
High Temperature Adhesives for Bonding Kapton (1978)

Experimental polyimide resins were developed and evaluated as potential high temperature adhesives for bonding Kapton polyimide film. Lap shear strengths of Kapton/Kapton bonds were obtained as a function of test temperature, adherend thickness, and long term aging at 575K (575 F) in vacuum. Glass transition temperatures of the polyimide/Kapton bondlines were monitored by thermomechanical analysis.
The Impossible Renewal of the Prefectoral Model under the Fourth Republic (2006)

Since the law of 28 Pluviose, year VIII, prefects have been charged with the 
prestigious role of representing the whole of the French government and of coordinating 
public action on the local level. Despite constitutional recognition of their role in 1946, 
prefects have nonetheless seen a sharp decline in their authority and coordination 
capacities. The article suggests three explanations for this decline and analyses the reasons 
for the failure of attempts at reform undertaken in the 1940s and 50s in the aim of renewing 
the function.
Hypospadias in a Himalayan cat (2000)

A one-year-old male Himalayan cat was presented with a history of chronic cystitis. Physical examination revealed that the cat had hypospadias. It was postulated that the abnormal urethral opening on the ventral aspect of the penis permitted faecal contamination of the preputial area and gave rise to the ascending infection. The hypospadias was surgically corrected and a complete recovery was achieved.
Direct measurement of the polarization charge in AlGaN/GaN heterostructures using capacitance–voltage carrier profiling (2002)

The polarization charge at AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructure interfaces arising from differences in spontaneous polarization between AlxGa1−xN and GaN and the presence of piezoelectric polarization in strained layers has been directly measured using capacitance–voltage carrier profiling in GaN/AlxGa1−xN/GaN heterostructures with varying Al composition grown by molecular-beam epitaxy. The measured polarization charge densities (2.36±0.30×1012 e/cm2, 6.79±0.48×1012 e/cm2, and 6.92±0.74×1012 e/cm2 for 5%, 12%, and 16% AlxGa1−xN/GaN interfaces, respectively) reveal substantial bowing in the polarization charge as a function of Al composition, and are in reasonable agreement with those calculated using a model that accounts for the nonlinearity of the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarizations as functions of Al composition. Our results yield an explicit expression for polarization charge as a function of Al composition at an AlxGa1−xN/GaN interface.
Characterization of Lithium Storage in TiO2(B) by6Li-NMR and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (2014)

Lithium storage in TiO2(B) was investigated by 6Li magic-angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ex-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis combined with the entropy (ΔS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) measurements. Lithium storage sites in TiO2(B) were characterized to be separated from four bands assigned to different lithium storage sites. Band A at 0 ppm vs. LiCl in the 6Li NMR spectra and ΔS measurements indicated that ionic lithium was stored at surface domain of LixTiO2(B) up to x = 0.18. Band B at 2.5 ppm significantly increased with lithium insertion in the region for 0.25 < x < 0.5, which indicated that lithium was mainly inserted into the site lying between bridging oxygens in LixTiO2(B). Additionally, the site on the lithium diffusion path along b-axis was also occupied by a small amount of lithium. The stepwise change of OCV and ΔS at around x = 0.45 indicated that lithium was inserted at the site in TiO2 layer in LixTiO2(B). In the region for x > 0.75, Band D was observed at more positive chemical shift than Band B. The lithium at the site distorted the local structure of LixTiO2(B), which leads to decrease of the lithium diffusivity in LixTiO2(B).
Voltage Stability Assessment by Holomorphically Estimating the Bifurcation Point of Electric Grids (2018)

Modernization of the grid, inclusive of high renewable energy penetration and the consequent power variability, requires fast power-flow computations for useful management of power in new network configurations. Voltage stability of an electrical grid is a big challenge to solve in power system operation, so as to avoid voltage collapse and subsequent black outs. This paper presents a novel means of voltage stability assessment by estimating the bifurcation point within the context of a non-iterative power-flow method known as Holomorphic Embedded Power Flow (HEPF). HEPF is computationally fast and guarantees solution to the power flow problem through constructing the mathematical solution for the power-flow problem, provided the solution exists. A 3-bus system is first used to explain the holomorphic matrix formulations and then demonstrated on a 4-bus system and a 9-bus test-case to evaluate proximity to a critical point with respect to load change.
Electron beam lithography for 0.13 μm manufacturing (1997)

General requirements for the use of electron beam lithography in direct write manufacturing of silicon integrated circuits are discussed. 50 keV is suggested as an optimum beam energy, since this is the minimum beam energy that can achieve high aspect ratio structures (4:1) in single layer resists in a manufacturing environment. Higher beam energies result in an inefficient exposure process requiring larger currents; this combination will lead to excessive resist and wafer heating. Lower voltages will require the use of top surface imaging or multilayer resists, which have concerns of processing complexity, resist charging, and defects. At 50 keV, some form of proximity correction is required to achieve reasonable control of critical dimensions. While one of the principle arguments for low voltage lithography is that it avoids the need for proximity correction, proximity correction is a solvable problem for large chips and is therefore a less risky approach than developing a reliable surface imaging resist technology. From a quick review of available resists and recent resist progress, it appears that a sensitivity of 5 μC/cm2 at 50 kV is the best that will be achieved in the next several years. Neglecting overheads, for a design point of 40 8 in. wafers/h, a peak beam current of 13 μA for a raster scan or projection tool is required. One of the major challenges of designing a tool with such high beam currents is controlling space charge effects so that there is minimal impact on lithographic quality. After discussing the characteristics of various high speed electron beam writers that have been made to date, it will be concluded that there are two types of systems that have the best chance of meeting all of the requirements—a projection system such as SCALPEL, and a multibeam system with hundreds of independently blanked beamlets. These systems minimize space charge effects by spreading out the electrons through a larger volume of space, allowing a larger total beam current. However, in order to make these systems a commercial reality, a great deal of innovation, research, and development are still required.