gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Fluidity of Human Platelet Membranes during Complement-Mediated Immune Platelet Injury (1978)

Complement appears to be involved in the destruction of platelets in certain clinical disorders, such as quinidine purpura and post-transfusion purpura. In both disorders, the classical complement sequence is activated by antigen-antibody complexes. It has been suggested that the terminal components of the complement sequence insert into the hydrophobic core of cell surface membranes and that this process leads to cell lysis. Fluidity is a fundamental property of lipids within the membrane's hydrophobic core. To examine the interaction of complement with membranes, we investigated the effect of complement activation on the fluidity of human platelet membranes. Complement was fixed to platelets using a post-transfusion purpura antibody, and membrane lipid fluidity was assessed in terms of fluorescence anisotropy using two fluorescent probes, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene and 9-(12-anthroyl) stearic acid. Microviscosity, expressed in poise, was derived from the fluorescence anisotropy of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene.Post-transfusion purpura antibody plus complement made platelet membranes more fluid as evidenced by a 21% decrease in anisotropy and a 35% decrease in microviscosity of platelets at 37 degrees C, and this was associated with platelet lysis ((51)Cr release). Complement damage to platelets was accompanied by a 10-15% increase in DeltaE, the fusion activation energy for microviscosity, indicating that complement not only decreased membrane microviscosity but also made membrane lipids less ordered. These changes were consistent and rapid, with platelet lysis and the reduction in microviscosity being half-maximal by 6 min. They were prevented by inactivation of complement with heat or with EDTA, and they were not observed when C5-deficient plasma was used as the complement source. Qualitatively similar changes in platelet membrane fluidity were observed when complement was fixed to platelets by a quinidine-dependent anti-platelet antibody rather than by post-transfusion purpura antibody. Post-transfusion purpura antibody plus complement also decreased the microviscosity of isolated platelet membranes. Moreover, the lipids extracted from platelets lysed by complement had a 22% decrease in microviscosity (P < 0.01), with no associated changes in the amount of cholesterol relative to phospholipid or in the amounts of the various phospholipids. These studies demonstrate that lipids within the hydrophobic core of platelet membranes damaged by complement become more fluid, and this is associated with platelet lysis. These findings are consistent with the concept that the insertion of the terminal complement components into the platelet membrane bilayer perturbs lipid-lipid interactions within the membrane's hydrophobic core.
Electronic Structure of Pristine and Solute‐Incorporated SrTiO 3 : I, Perfect‐Crystal Geometry and Acceptor Doping (1999)

In Part I of this three‐part report, various aspects of the electronic structure of pristine and acceptor‐impurity‐incorporated perfect‐crystal SrTiO 3 were investigated. An embedded‐cluster approach was used to perform first‐principles, self‐consistent‐field calculations. Within the framework of the local‐density functional approximation, one‐electron equations were evaluated using a discrete variational method to study pristine titanium‐ and strontium‐centered clusters of perfect‐crystal SrTiO 3 . Clusters with a single acceptor impurity substitution at the central titanium site also were considered. However, the relaxation of the atomic structure resulting from the incorporation of these single impurities were not considered in the calculations. Calculations involved determination of the densities of states and spin densities of states of the cluster atoms near the Fermi energy. Mulliken charge populations of atomic orbitals, valence of individual atoms, and nature of bonds between the atoms also were determined. Spatial distribution of charge density and spin density of valence band orbitals, which were included in the variational space, were determined for pristine and impurity‐centered clusters. The influence of impurity substitution at a titanium site on the local electronic structure was evaluated in terms of the variations in the densities of states and in the spatial distribution of charge densities. The role of local charge transfer and impurity‐induced changes in Mulliken populations also were investigated in connection with the electronic activity of SrTiO 3 . Possible mechanisms of electrical conductivity were studied. Cluster calculations revealed a mixed ionic‐covalent nature of the Ti‐O bond and purely ionic nature of the Sr‐O bond for the perfect‐crystal geometry of SrTiO 3 . The optical bandgap and the densities of states calculated using the cluster method were in good agreement with previous theoretical and experimental investigations. The methodology correctly predicted the acceptor nature and the trends therein of the transition‐metal impurities at the titanium sites. For pristine and impurity‐incorporated clusters, the densities of states, the charge‐ and spin‐density distributions, and the Mulliken charge population consistently converged to the same results, providing information regarding the electronic behavior of the SrTiO 3 .
Cell death of motoneurons in the chick embryo spinal cord. VI. Reduction of naturally occurring cell death in the thoracolumbar column of terni by nerve growth factor (1982)

A discrete preganglionic cell column (column of Terni, CT) in the caudal thoracolumbar (segments 21-23) spinal cord is first discernible in a avian embryos on day 8 when it contains approximately 9,300 visceral motoneurons. By day 10 there are about 6,900 motoneurons in the thoracolumbar (sympathetic) CT and this number remains constant until at least day 15. Daily injections of nerve growth factor (NGF) (1-20 micrograms) on the chorioallantoic membrane from day 3 to day 9 produced a dose-dependent increase in both the volume of the caudal thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglia and the number of motoneurons in the corresponding CT on day 10. The number and size of the neurons in the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia was also increased by NGF. Nerve growth factor decreased the number of pyknotic (dying) neurons in both the thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglia and the corresponding CT on days 8 and 10. The increased number of neurons in both the thoracolumbar sympathetic ganglia and the corresponding CT following chronic administration of NGF is the result of decreased cell death. The highest dose of NGF reduced naturally occurring cell death in the thoracolumbar CT by more than 60%. Daily injections of cytochrome C (20 micrograms) from day 3 to day 9 had no effect on either the volume of the sympathetic ganglia or the number of motoneurons in the Ct on day 10. Daily injections of NGF (10-20 micrograms) from day 10 until day 14 increased the volume of (and the number of neurons in) the caudal thoracic sympathetic ganglia on day 15 but no effect on the number of motoneurons in the corresponding CT. Nerve growth factor also had no effect on the number of motoneurons in either the somatic lateral motor column, the sacral (parasympathetic) CT, or the "abortive" visceral efferent column at the cervical level. Daily administration of NGF produced a similar increase in the volume of the dorsal root ganglia at the cervical, thoracic, and sacral levels. The reduction of cell death in the thoracolumbar CT by NGF is the result of neither a direct effect on spinal motoneurons nor an indirect effect of increased sensory innervation. Naturally occurring cell death of sympathetic preganglionic neurons is regulated by the size of their innervation field.
A dynamic system to react to traffic changes in multi-layer networks (2010)

Dynamic handling of traffic in multi-layer networks gets more complex when the optical layer is involved. A system based on measurements and forecasting is proposed in order to optimize multi-layer networks taking into account economic targets.
Amide Bond Formation via Reversible, Carboxylic Acid-Promoted Lactone Aminolysis (2010)

A rapid carboxylic acid-promoted lactone aminolysis is reported. A number of carboxylic acids were found to promote this amide bond-forming transformation, with aliphatic acids being the most efficient. This reaction is an equilibrium process (Keq ≈ 1.8), and mechanistic investigations are consistent with mediation of a kinetically important proton-transfer step by the carboxylate, i.e., the conjugate base of the acid employed.
Structure moléculaire et morphologie des polymères (1994)

Les matériaux polymères sont généralement utilisés pour leurs propriétés mécaniques particulières et leur aptitude à être mis en œuvre (processabilité ). Ces qualités sont étroitement liées à leur structure et il est possible, à partir d’une structure moléculaire donnée, d’imaginer la morphologie qu
GABA-cAMP Response Element-Binding Protein Signaling Regulates Maturation and Survival of Newly Generated Neurons in the Adult Hippocampus (2009)

Survival and integration of new neurons in the hippocampal circuit are rate-limiting steps in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Neuronal network activity is a major regulator of these processes, yet little is known about the respective downstream signaling pathways. Here, we investigate the role of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) signaling in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. CREB is activated in new granule neurons during a distinct developmental period. Loss of CREB function in a cell-autonomous manner impairs dendritic development, decreases the expression of the neurogenic transcription factor NeuroD and of the neuronal microtubule-associated protein, doublecortin (DCX), and compromises the survival of newborn neurons. In addition, GABA-mediated excitation regulates CREB activation at early developmental stages. Importantly, developmental defects after loss of GABA-mediated excitation can be compensated by enhanced CREB signaling. These results indicate that CREB signaling is a central pathway in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, regulating the development and survival of new hippocampal neurons downstream of GABA-mediated excitation.
A New Synthesis of Naphthyridinones and Quinolinones:  Palladium-Catalyzed Amidation of o-Carbonyl-Substituted Aryl Halides (2004)

[reaction: see text] An alternative to the Friedlander condensation for the synthesis of naphthyridinones and quinolinones has been discovered. Palladium-catalyzed amidation of halo aromatics substituted in the ortho position by a carbonyl functional group or its equivalent with primary or secondary amides leads to the formation of substituted naphthyridinones and quinolinones.
An Efficient Synthesis of 1‐Naphthylbis(oxazoline) and Exploration of the Scope in Asymmetric Catalysis (2002)

Abstract Both enantiomers of 1‐naphthylglycine were obtained in 99% ee by enzymatic resolution of the corresponding racemic amino acid amide, giving access to the novel ligands ( R )‐ and ( S )‐naphthylbis(oxazoline). Initial studies provided insight into the scope and limitations of the ( S )‐naphthyl‐substituted bis(oxazoline) and its steric influence compared to other bis(oxazolines) in catalytic asymmetric synthesis. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Effect of dispersant concentration on morphology of the ultrasonicated organically modified montmorillonite (2017)

The production of fully exfoliated polymer/clay based nanocomposites is crucial to obtain an actual benefit of nanoscale reinforcement in the polymer matrix. In fact, nanoclay dispersion is a key to enhance overall polymer nanocomposite properties. In this study, ultrasonication was employed as a method to exfoliate and disperse organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) platelets prior to melt compounding with polymer matrix. The effect of dispersant concentration during the ultrasonication process on morphology of the OMMT was investigated. The suspensions of OMMT/distilled water (H2O) were prepared by ultrasonication using different dispersant concentrations (OMMT:H2O = 1:5, 2:5, 3:5, 4:5, and 1:1). The morphology of the ultrasonicated OMMTs were characterized by using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FeSEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. The results suggest that the OMMT platelets were more exfoliated and dispersed upon the ultrasonication process. The OMMT:water ratio of 1:1 resulted in the best dispersing/exfoliating effect.
Gas Chromatography (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTGas ChromatographyFrank L. Dorman*, Joshua J. Whiting, Jack W. Cochran, and Jorge Gardea-TorresdeyView Author Information Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 LECO-ARD, Saint Joseph, Michigan 49085 Restek Corporation, Bellefonte, Pennsylvania 16823 Department of Chemistry, University of Texas, El Paso, El Paso, Texas 19968* To whom correspondence should be addressed.Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2010, 82, 12, 4775–4785Publication Date (Web):May 26, 2010Publication History Published online26 May 2010Published inissue 15 June 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac101156hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ac101156hreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10411Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Chromatography,Extraction,Lipids,Mathematical methods Get e-Alerts
Structure-Based Design of Lipophilic Quinazoline Inhibitors of Thymidylate Synthase (1996)

To develop novel lipophilic thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, the X-ray structure of Escherichia coli TS in ternary complex with FdUMP and the inhibitor 10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB3717) was used as a basis for structure-based design. A total of 31 novel lipophilic TS inhibitors, lacking a glutamate residue, were synthesized; 26 of them had in common a N-((3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)-N-prop-2-ynylaniline+ ++ structure in which the aniline was appropriately substituted with simple lipophilic substituents either in position 3 or 4, or in both. Compounds were tested for their inhibition of E. coli TS and human TS and also for their inhibition of the growth in tissue culture of a murine leukemia, a human leukemia, and a thymidine kinase-deficient human adenocarcinoma. The crystal structures of five inhibitors complexed with E. coli TS were determined. Five main conclusions are drawn from this study. (i) A 3-substituent such as CF(3), iodo, or ethynyl enhances binding by up to 1 order of magnitude and in the case of CF(3) was proven to fill a nearby pocket in the enzyme. (ii) A simple strongly electron-withdrawing substituent such as NO(2) or CF(3)SO(2) in the 4-position enhances binding by 2 orders of magnitude; it is hypothesized that the transannular dipole so induced interacts favorably with the protein. (iii) Attempts to combine the enhancements of i and ii in the same molecule were generally unsuccessful (iv) A 4-C(6)H(5)SO(2) substituent provided both electron withdrawal and a van der Waal's interaction of the phenyl group with a hydrophobic surface at the mouth of the active site. The inhibition (K(is) = 12 nM) of human TS by this compound, 7n, showed that C(6)H(5)SO(2) provided virtually as much binding affinity as the CO-glutamate which it had replaced. (v) The series of compounds were poorly water soluble, and also the potent TS inhibition shown by several of them did not translate into good cytotoxicity. Compounds with large cyclic groups linked to position 4 by an SO or SO(2) group did, however, have IC(50)'s in the range 1-5 microM. Of these, 4-(N-((3,4-dihydro-2-methyl-6-quinazolinyl)methyl)-N-prop-2-ynylamino )phenyl phenyl sulfone, 7n, had IC(50)'s of about 1 microM and was chosen for further elaboration.
Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles: Aggregation and Phase Behavior of Pyrene and Amphotericin B Molecules in Nanoparticle Cores (2010)

The state of aggregation of compounds, especially drugs, in the cores of nanoparticles (NPs) formed by rapid precipitation is a significant unresolved issue. The state can control the dissolution kinetics from the NP, bioavailability, and chemical stability of the compound. A block-copolymer-directed rapid precipitation process is used to form ≈100 nm NPs comprising mixtures of hydrophobic species including fluorescent probe molecules. Fluorescence measurements are used to probe the state of aggregation and dynamics of rearrangement of pyrene (Py), Hostasol Yellow (HosY), and amphotericin B (AmpB) in NP cores. The Flory-Huggins theory of mixing is used to predict the miscibility or phase separation of the fluorophores from the host NP core material (polystyrene, cholesterol, or polycaprolactone). For Py, excimer fluorescence shows an initial microphase separation in the polystyrene core. Over time the Py redistributes more uniformly with a decrease in excimer and increase in monomer fluorescence. The Flory-Huggins theory predicts the miscibility. For HosY, the fluorescence quenching is not time-dependent, thus indicating stability of the microphase-separated fluorophores, which is consistent with the Flory-Huggins theory calculations. For the drug compound AmpB, the amphiphilic character of the molecule creates unusual "anti-Ostwald" ripening behavior in which the size distribution decreases and narrows over time, and the fluorescence demonstrates an increased ordering in the NP core over time--opposite to the behavior observed for Py.
Recent Reviews. 44 (1997)

Reviews are listed in order of appearance in the sources indicated. In multidisciplinary review journals, only those reviews which fall within the scope of this Journal are included. Sources are listed alphabetically in three categories: regularly issued review journals and series volumes, contributed volumes, and other monographs. Titles are numbered serially, and these numbers are used for reference in the index. Major English-language sources of critical reviews are covered. Encyclopedic treatises, annual surveys such as Specialist Periodical Reports, and compilations of symposia proceedings are omitted. This installment of Recent Reviews covers principally the latter part of the 1996 literature. Previous installment: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62(1), 221-30. These Recent Review articles are now also available in a database form on the ACS Organic Division WWW site http://www.organic.emory.edu/acsorg/.
Associations between age‐related macular degeneration and sleep dysfunction: A systematic review (2022)

Only a limited number of studies investigated associations between AMD and sleep. These studies suggest a bidirectional relationship between AMD and sleep dysfunction yet disagree on the relationship between sleep quantity and the likelihood of AMD. Additional studies, using objective characterisation of sleep in patients with AMD are required to confirm these findings.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 5‐Fluorotubercidin (2004)

The electrophilic fluorination of 4-chloropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1) was studied culminating a 59% conversion of compound 1 to 4-chloro-5-fluoropyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (2) using Selectfluor. This transformation proceeded via the 4-chloro-5,6-dihydro-5-fluoro-6-hydroxypyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (3) in a 9:1 trans:cis ratio. The trans isomer of compound 3 was studied by 1H NMR and 19F NMR, and the 5-H tautomer (4) was observed as another intermediate. A modified Vorbruggen procedure of compound 2 and tetra-O-acetylribose gave 4-chloro-5-fluoro-7-(2,3,5,-tri-O-benzoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (6) in a 65% yield. Treatment of compound 6 with ammonia (l) in dioxane gave 5-fluorotubercidin (7). No antibacterial activity was observed. An MTT assay (Promega) against Huh-7 liver cells, normal mouse spleen cells stimulated with Con A (a T-cell mitogen), and normal mouse spleen stimulated with LPS (a B-cell mitogen) showed no significant toxicity. Increased activity of 7 over tubercidin was observed against L-1210 cells and toxicity in fibroblast cells was reduced.
Electrically Conductive Adhesives for Cell Interconnection in Shingled Module Technology: The Impact of Material Properties on Mini-Module Performance (2018)

Modules manufactured with shingled crystalline silicon solar cells have become more prevalent as of late. For these structures, the electrical and mechanical properties of the electrically conductive adhesive (ECA) used to attach the shingles together plays a key role in the final performance of the assembled modules. In this work, ECAs based on different chemistry platforms are presented and the impact of their properties (such as adhesion, bulk electrical conductivity, contact resistivity to Ag ribbons and storage modulus) on module thermocycling reliability (-40/85˚C) and static mechanical load performance is studied. In particular, full-sized modules were built with ECAs with a wide range of storage moduli -- from very flexible, to very rigid materials -- and it was found that materials with the highest storage modulus show a larger power loss upon standard mechanical load tests. In addition, one-cell mini-modules were built to study the effect of the contact resistivity on the reliability performance, with findings suggesting that ECA usage is the main contributor to the series resistance increase upon cycling. Lastly, the work also proves that other materials in the mini-module manufacture process, such as the backsheet, play a critical role in reliability.
Towards Source Selection in Transfer Learning for Cloud Performance Prediction (2021)

Learning performance models for cloud services is challenging due to the dynamics of the operational environment stemming from scaling and migration decisions. This requires exchange or adaptation of the models in order to maintain prediction accuracy over time. Approaches that incorporates previously acquired knowledge using transfer learning is a viable technique for timely and robust model adaptation, especially when the training data is limited.In this paper we quantity the impact of different source domains on the accuracy of a target model in another domain. The evaluation is performed using data traces collected from a testbed that runs a Video-on-Demand service and a Key-Value Store under various load conditions. We find that the choice of source domain can yield a transfer gain, and sometimes a substantial transfer penalty.
Chemical solution seed layer for rabits tapes (2023)

A method for making a superconducting article includes the steps of providing a biaxially textured substrate. A seed layer is then deposited. The seed layer includes a double perovskite of the formula A.sub.2B'B''O.sub.6, where A is rare earth or alkaline earth metal and B' and B'' are different rare earth or transition metal cations. A superconductor layer is grown epitaxially such that the superconductor layer is supported by the seed layer.