gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinases in the regulation of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A (2003)

The serum and glucocorticoid inducible kinase SGK1 and its isoform SGK3 are both expressed in cardiac tissue. One of the functions of SGK1 is the phosphorylation and inactivation of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2, which in turn could be shown to downregulate the voltage-gated Na+ channel SCN5A (hH1). The present study has been performed to test for a role of SGK1 and SGK3 in the regulation of SCN5A. To this end cRNA encoding the human Na+ channel SCN5A was injected into Xenopus laevis oocytes with or without cRNA encoding the wild-type kinases SGK1, the constitutively active kinase (S422D)SGK1, the inactive form K127NSGK1 or the wild-type SGK3. SCN5A currents were activated by coexpression of either wild-type SGK1 or SGK3 or the constitutively active S422DSGK1. In contrast, the inactive mutant K127NSGK1 significantly decreased the currents. Moreover, coexpression of SGK3 significantly altered SCN5A gating, i.e. it hyperpolarized the activation threshold and depolarized the prepotential required for 50% availability of the channel. Opposite shifts of gating properties were elicited by mutation of serine to alanine (S483ASCN5A and S663ASCN5A) in the SGK consensus sequences of SCN5A. The present observations disclose a role of the kinases SGK1 and SGK3 in the regulation of cardiac Na+ channels. As SGK1 is upregulated by glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and a variety of inflammatory mediators and both kinases are activated by insulin and IGF1, the kinases could mediate effects of those hormones and mediators on cardiac function.
1268-P: Underlying T Cell Receptor Methylation Defects in Type 1 Diabetes Associated with Quantitative Defects (2022)

The T cell receptor (TCR) is a central regulator of the adaptive immune system. Efficient structural organization and signaling of TCR/CD3 underlies the development and function of T cells. T cell maturation defects are associated with autoimmunity, suggesting an underlying defect in TCR selection. To explore quantitative defects as a cause for altered TCR selection at the level of the TCR/CD3 protein complex, we compared TCR expression densities on CD4 T cells from subjects with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n=80) and nondiabetes controls (n=37) . We also investigated a quantitative defect in genes in the TCR/CD3 genome for possible underlying overmethylation in T1D. All 13 gene regions of the TCR segments and all 4 versions of CD3 proteins were studied for methylation and protein differences in T1D vs. controls. Significant quantitative defects in TCR and CD3 proteins were observed in CD4+ T cells of patients with T1D vs. controls. As a cause for these defects, the TCR complex genes and associated CD3 genes were overmethylated, resulting in downregulated cell surface expression. Evaluation of TCRαβ expression in CD4+ T cells at the protein level confirmed methylation patterns, showing that the population of TCRαβ+ cells was significantly reduced in T1D vs. controls (p=0.005) . The MFI density of TCRαβ antibody in T1D was also significantly decreased vs. controls (p=0.01) . All CD3 genes except CD3ε had hypermethylated patterns in T1D, confirmed by RNAseq analysis. The percentage CD3+ T cells in the CD4+ T cell population was reduced in T1D vs. controls (p=0.04) , as was the MFI of CD3+ T cells (p=0.02) . Patients with T1D have quantitative defects in the TCR/CD3 protein complex, resulting in decreased expression. It is recognized that TCR triggering is affected by intermolecular distance between TCR proteins and that activation diminishes when proximity is increased between TCR surface proteins. In T1D, this might be a novel mechanism for failed T cell selection leading to autoimmunity. Disclosure W.Kuhtreiber: None. A.H.Lee: None. A.Aristarkhova: None. H.F.Dias: None. N.Ng: None. S.A.Bien: Employee; Adaptive Biotechnologies. D.L.Faustman: None.
Ferro-ferri-katophorite, a new clinoamphibole from the silicocarbonatite dykes in Sierra de Maz, La Rioja, Argentina (2023)

Abstract Ferro-ferri-katophorite (IMA2016–008), ideally Na(NaCa)(Fe 2+ 4 Fe 3+ )(Si 7 Al)O 22 (OH) 2 , was found as xenocrysts up to 3 cm long and replacement rims around aegirine–augite in silicocarbonatite dykes cropping out in the Sierra de Maz, La Rioja province, NW Argentina. Ferro-ferri-katophorite is black and has vitreous lustre and a pale green streak. The new mineral is brittle, with perfect {110} cleavage and has a Mohs hardness of 6. The measured density is 3.32(1) g/cm 3 . In plane-polarised light it is strongly pleochroic, X = light greenish brown, Y = dark greyish brown and Z = dark greyish olive green. Absorption (very strong) is Z &gt; Y &gt; X. The orientation is: Z ∥ b , and X forms a small angle with [001]. Ferro-ferri-katophorite is biaxial (–), with α = 1.688(3), β = 1.697(3), γ = 1.698(3) and 2V(calc) = 36.7°. It is monoclinic, space group C 2/ m , a = 9.8270(7), b = 18.0300(8), c = 5.316(4) Å, β = 104.626(4)°, V = 911.4(6) Å 3 and Z = 2. The strongest five lines in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [ d in Å ( I )( hkl )] are: 8.416(100)(110), 3.135(50)(310), 2.815(26)(330), 2.720(18)(151) and 1.4422(15)( $\bar{6}$ 61). The chemical composition is SiO 2 43.08, TiO 2 2.76, ZrO 2 0.15, Al 2 O 3 8.76, V 2 O 3 0.07, Fe 2 O 3 9.28, FeO 13.85, MnO 0.43, MgO 6.88, CaO 6.58, ZnO 0.06, Na 2 O 5.55, K 2 O 1.18, Cl 0.01, H 2 O calc 1.36, total 99.95 wt.%. The formula unit (confirmed by single-crystal structural analysis) is (Na 0.74 K 0.23 ) Σ0.97 (Ca 1.08 Na 0.91 Mn 0.01 ) Σ2.00 (Fe 2+ 1.78 Mg 1.57 Fe 3+ 1.07 Ti 4+ 0.32 Al 0.19 Mn 2+ 0.04 Zr 0.01 V 3+ 0.01 Zn 0.01 ) Σ5.00 (Si 6.61 Al 1.39 ) Σ8.00 O 22 (OH 1.59 O 0.61 ) Σ2.00 . Aluminium is strongly ordered at the T (1) site. Ferro-ferri-katophorite is the 9 th species carrying the katophorite root name and is related to katophorite by the Fe 2+ + Fe 3+ → Mg 2+ + Al 3+ substitution. Type material was deposited at the Museo de Mineralogía “Stelzner”, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina, under catalogue number MS003341.
Composition Changes During Container Transfers for Multicomponent Refrigerants (1998)

ABSTRA CT Multicom ponent refrigera nts are being used in increasin g amounts to replace single compoun d refrigera nts such as chloroflu orocarbo ns.Transpo rtation logistics can lead to several containe r transfers of refrigera nts before being charged into refrigera tion and air condition ing systems.For zeotropi ~ mixtures , these transfers can lead to composi tion changes which vary dependin g on the type of transfer and the zeotropic characte ristics of the mixture.Using a highly accurate model describe d in another paper (Y okozeki) at this conferen ce, calculati ons of composi tion changes during refrigera nt transfers have been made for several mixtures .The data trends can be used for managem ent of refrigera nt delivery systems to control composi tions within prescrib ed limits.
Improved Characterization of Polyphase Induction Motor Losses: Test Standards Must Be Modified to Improve Efficiency Optimization (2019)

For many years, industry standards, including IEEE Standard 112, have characterized the component losses of three-phase induction motors as primary and secondary conductor or (I2R) core, friction and windage, and stray load loss (SLL). The definition of each, as epitomized by IEEE 112, guarantees that part of the losses will be characterized as SLL. It also ensures that the secondary I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> R loss will be underestimated and that the core loss associated with field distortions resulting from load current are not properly identified. This article provides the opportunity to further optimize motor efficiency by discussing issues with existing test-standard loss models and describing model methods that better characterize motor losses.
Effects of a calcium entry blocker on blood pressure and renal function during angiotensin-induced hypertension. (1985)

The effects of the calcium entry blocker nitrendipine on blood pressure (BP) and renal hemodynamics were studied in rats with angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension. The ANG II was infused subcutaneously by implanted osmotic minipumps for 14 to 16 days. There was a progressive rise in BP in ANG II-infused rats to levels 58 mm Hg above basal by Day 10, whereas control rats with sham pumps remained normotensive. Nitrendipine or vehicle was administered by gavage to groups of control and hypertensive rats for 5 days, and clearance experiments were performed with the rats under anesthesia on the last day. The prolonged infusion of ANG II increased the renal vascular resistance and reduced the glomerular filtration rate and renal Na+ excretion. At a dose of 3 mg/100 g body weight, nitrendipine had no consistent effects on BP or renal function of control rats. By contrast, in rats with ANG II-induced hypertension, nitrendipine normalized both the BP and the changes in renal vascular resistance and glomerular filtration rate. Despite the fall in BP, nitrendipine caused a marked diuresis and natriuresis. Moreover, nitrendipine increased Na+ excretion of conscious, ANG II-hypertensive rats but not of controls. Thus, nitrendipine appears to be highly effective in reversing ANG II-induced hypertension and Na+ retention. These findings also indicate that the hypertension, renal vasoconstriction, and Na+ retention accompanying prolonged ANG II infusions may be mediated by calcium-dependent mechanisms.
Spinal tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis type 2: MR imaging study of frequency, multiplicity, and variety. (1995)

Patients with NF2 frequently have spinal tumors, which are often multiple and of various histologic types. The presence of multiple and different pathologic types of spinal tumors is highly suggestive of NF2.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures of Hydrates of Simple Inorganic Salts. Part 2. Water‐Rich Calcium Bromide and Iodide Hydrates: CaBr2·9H2O, CaI2·8H2O, CaI2·7H2O and CaI2·6.5H2O. (2014)

Abstract Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared from their respective aqueous solutions at low temperatures (187‐298 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Optically Active Allenes from an Allylic Substitution/Isomerization Sequence (2014)

Abstract Review: 23 refs.
Increased blood BACE1 activity as a potential common pathogenic factor of vascular dementia and late onset Alzheimer's disease (2020)

Late onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) is traditionally considered as a separate disease from vascular dementia (VAD). However, growing evidence suggests that β-amyloid (Aβ) accumulation, that initiates LOAD-related neurodegeneration, is preceded by vascular events. Previous in vitro studies showed that β-secretase 1 (BACE1), the key-enzyme of amyloidogenesis, is upregulated by cerebrovascular insult; moreover, its activity is increased both in brain and serum of LOAD patients. We aimed to investigate whether BACE1 serum activity is altered also in dementias related, or not, to cerebrovascular disease. Thus, we evaluated serum BACE1 activity in a sample of individuals, including patients with LOAD (n. 175), VAD (n. 40), MIXED (LOAD/VAD) dementia (n. 123), other types of dementia (n. 56), and healthy Controls (n. 204). We found that BACE1 was significantly higher not only in LOAD (+ 30%), but also in VAD (+ 35%) and MIXED dementia (+ 22%) (p < 0.001 for all), but not in the other types of dementia (+ 10%). Diagnostic accuracy was 77% for LOAD, 83% for VAD, and 77% for MIXED dementia. In conclusion, we showed for the first time that the increase in peripheral BACE1 activity is a common feature of LOAD and VAD, thus underlying a further pathogenic link between these two forms of dementia.
Nano-Diamond Reinforced Polymer Separators for Energy Dense Lithium-Ion Batteries (2022)

Traditional polyolefin separators tend to perform poorly against heat-triggering reactions causing potentially catastrophic issues in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, we developed a high temperature resistant, flexible, mechanically robust and highly ionically conductive composite separator made from electrochemically stable polymer encased with nanodiamonds (NDs). We systematically study the effect of ND concentration in the polymer matrix of the membrane to improve the thermal, mechanical and electrochemical properties of the composites. When tested in LIB with high-voltage LiNiMnCoO 2 (NMC), these novel separators exhibited substantially superior performance when compared with commercial polyolefin separator membranes. These cells exhibited closed-to-theoretical capacity (200mAhg -1 NCM ), excellent rate capability and minimal degradation for over 150 cycles. Our study showcased the capability of ND powder as a nano-sized filler materials for the fabrication of composite membranes with superior properties, and opened up the broad possibilities of composite membrane fabrications by varying the polymer composition, micro-structure, nanoparticle surface chemistry and concentrations.
Pressure and temperature stabilization of an existing Echelle spectrograph (2010)

The Echelle spectrograph FOCES,1 that was operated at the 2.2m Calar Alto telescope between 1995 and 2009 will be used as a test bed for a number of different stability issues related to high precision radial velocity spectroscopy. We utilize FOCES to study spectrograph stability, illumination stability and fiber transport stability. The layout of this laboratory experiment will be presented in this paper together with the required and desired spectrograph stability with respect to both pressure and temperature. We will present technical concepts how to reach our stabilization goal as well as first results from the spectrograph thermal stabilization efforts.
Synthesis of Functionalized Monodisperse Poly(methyl methacrylate) Nanoparticles by a RAFT Agent Carrying Carboxyl End Group (2004)

A RAFT agent bearing a carboxylic acid group is applied to the miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in order to prepare the stability-enhanced functionalized latex. At the polymerization temperatures of 60, 70, and 80 °C, the polymerization kinetics, evaluation of the molecular weight, and PDI are found to be strongly dependent on the temperature. The higher the temperature, the faster the polymerization rate, the lower the molecular weight, and the lower the PDI are obtained. The PMMA nanoparticles prepared by the miniemulsion polymerization using this RAFT agent show some interesting characteristics. As the amounts of the RAFT agent increase, the magnitude of the zeta potential and the conductivity correspondingly increase and the size of the PMMA nanoparticle decreases from 118.8 to 49.5 nm. These results imply that the carboxyl group (or partially in anionic form) is present on the surface of the polymer particles, and therefore, the stability of the system is enhanced. Furthermore, no noticeable sign of creaming or destabilization of the PMMA nanoparticles was observed for at least several months by remaining as a homogeneous latex.
In situ observations of ferrite – austenite transformations in duplex stainless steel weldments using synchrotron radiation (2002)

Ferrite (δ)-austenite (γ) transformations in the heat affected zone (HAZ) of a gas tungsten arc weld in 2205 duplex stainless steel are observed in real time using spatially resolved X-ray diffraction (SRXRD) with high intensity synchrotron radiation. A map showing the locations of the δ and γ phases with respect to the calculated weld pool dimensions has been constructed from a series of SRXRD scans. Regions of liquid, completely transformed γ, a combination of partially transformed γ with untransformed δ, and untransformed γ + δ are identified. Analysis of each SRXRD pattern provides a semiquantitative definition of both the δ/γ phase balance and the extent of annealing, which are mapped for the first time with respect to the calculated weld pool size and shape. A combination of these analyses provides a unique real time description of the progression of phase transformations in the HAZ. Results show that during heating, δ and γ both show signs of annealing as temperatures approach 550 ° C. The δ phase then starts to transform to γ as temperatures approach 700 ° C. Although supported by thermodynamic calculations, this δ → γ transformation during heating has not been directly observed until now. Following this reaction, the HAZ microstructure evolves in three different ways. For peak temperatures less than approximately 1100 ° C, δ retransforms, reverting to its original base metal fraction on cooling. When peak temperatures exceed approximately 1375 ° C, the microstructure completely transforms to δ before retransforming to a mixture of δ and γ during weld cooling. For peak temperatures between 1100 and 1375 ° C, γ is only partially transformed during both heating and cooling. Using these real time observations, important kinetic information about the transformations occurring in duplex stainless steels during both non-isothermal heating and cooling of welding can be determined.
Inorganic Semiconductors for Light‐emitting Diodes (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Optical Emission Spectra Resonant-cavity-enhanced Structures Current Transport in LED Structures Extraction Efficiency Omnidirectional Reflectors Packaging Conclusion
A Model-Based Processor Design for Smart Microsensor Arrays [Applications Corner] (2007)

In this article, we discuss the design of a smart-physics-based processor for microcantilever sensor arrays. The processor is coupled to a microelectromechanical sensor and estimates the presence of critical materials or chemicals in solution. We first briefly present microcantilever sensors and then discuss the microcantilever sensor array design, which consists of the cantilever physics propagation model, cantilever array measurement model, model-based parameter estimator design, and model-based processor (MBP) design. Finally, we end with experimental results and conclusions
Sampling Frequency Independent Dialogue Separation (2022)

In some DNNs for audio source separation, the relevant model parameters are independent of the sampling frequency of the audio used for training. Considering the application of dialogue separation, this is shown for two DNN architectures: a U-Net and a fully-convolutional model. The models are trained with audio sampled at 8 kHz. The learned parameters are transferred to models for processing audio at 48 kHz. The separated audio sources are compared with the ones produced by the same model architectures trained with 48 kHz versions of the same training data. A listening test and computational measures show that there is no significant perceptual difference between the models trained with 8 kHz or with 48 kHz. This transferability of the learned parameters allows for a faster and computationally less costly training. It also enables using training datasets available at a lower sampling frequency than the one needed by the application at hand, or using data collections with multiple sampling frequencies.
Fast Simulations of Highly-Connected Spiking Cortical Models Using GPUs (2021)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Over the past decade there has been a growing interest in the development of parallel hardware systems for simulating large-scale networks of spiking neurons. Compared to other highly-parallel systems, GPU-accelerated solutions have the advantage of a relatively low cost and a great versatility, thanks also to the possibility of using the CUDA-C/C++ programming languages. NeuronGPU is a GPU library for large-scale simulations of spiking neural network models, written in the C++ and CUDA-C++ programming languages, based on a novel spike-delivery algorithm. This library includes simple LIF (leaky-integrate-and-fire) neuron models as well as several multisynapse AdEx (adaptive-exponential-integrate-and-fire) neuron models with current or conductance based synapses, different types of spike generators, tools for recording spikes, state variables and parameters, and it supports user-definable models. The numerical solution of the differential equations of the dynamics of the AdEx models is performed through a parallel implementation, written in CUDA-C++, of the fifth-order Runge-Kutta method with adaptive step-size control. In this work we evaluate the performance of this library on the simulation of a cortical microcircuit model, based on LIF neurons and current-based synapses, and on balanced networks of excitatory and inhibitory neurons, using AdEx or Izhikevich neuron models and conductance-based or current-based synapses. On these models, we will show that the proposed library achieves state-of-the-art performance in terms of simulation time per second of biological activity. In particular, using a single NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2080 Ti GPU board, the full-scale cortical-microcircuit model, which includes about 77,000 neurons and 3 &amp;middot; 10&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;8&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; connections, can be simulated at a speed very close to real time, while the simulation time of a balanced network of 1,000,000 AdEx neurons with 1,000 connections per neuron was about 70 s per second of biological activity.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Context browsing with mobiles - when less is more (2007)

Except for a handful of "mobile" Web sites, the Web is designed for browsing using personal computers with large screens capable of fully rendering the content of most Web pages. Browsing with handhelds, such as small-screen PDA's or cell phones, usually involves a lot of horizontal and vertical scrolling, thus making Web browsing time-consuming and strenuous. At the same time, one isoften only interested in a fragment of a Web page, which again may not fit on the limited-size screens of mobile devices, requiring more scrolling in both dimensions. In this paper, we address the problem of browsing fatigue during mobile Web access using geometric segmentation of Web pages and the notion of context. Our prototype system, CMo, reduces information overload by allowing its users to see the most relevant fragment of the page and then navigate between other fragments if necessary. On following a link, CMo captures the context of the link, employing a simple topic-boundary detection technique; then, it uses the context to identify relevant information in the next page with the help of a Support Vector Machine, a statistical machine-learning model. Our experiments show that the use of context can potentially save browsing time and improve the mobile browsing experience.
An Efficient Synthesis of Gougerotin and Related Analogues Using Solid- and Solution-Phase Methodology (2005)

The first solid-phase synthesis of the natural product gougerotin has been accomplished. The synthetic route is versatile and allows for diversification at position C-4 of the heterocycle, C-6' of the sugar ring, and both residues of the peptidic moiety at N-4' in a parallel fashion. [structure: see text]
Optimum writing field for high-frequency magnetic recording (1999)

Realistic recording conditions in longitudinal thin-film media at high-frequency (up to 1 GHz) are investigated by a micromagnetic simulation. It is found that the recording frequency should be set below the characteristic frequency (1/2 Tr, where Tr is the rise time of the writing head); optimum writing field intensity must be increased by 1.2 Oe per MHz at a linear density of 244 kFCI; and remanence coercivity measured by a square pulse slightly increases up to 1 GHz when damping constant is 0.03.