gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chapter 6. Gas/Vapor Permeation Applications in the Hydrocarbon-processing Industry (2011)

This chapter present an overview of the applications of gas/vapor permeation in the three main fields of the hydrocarbon-processing industry, viz:natural or biogas treatmentpetroleum refining (which aims at producing fuels)production of petrochemicals (which aims at producing first intermediates, i.e. olefins and aromatics, for raw chemicals or polymers production).The review will:present the technical challenges and markets the permeation membranes are meant to addressgive a detailed presentation of existing commercial membrane technologies (providers, membrane materials, available technical and economic performances) illustrated, when possible, with case studiesprovide the future trends for research in each addressed application.
Terahertz quantum cascade laser integration with on-chip micromachined rectangular waveguides. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Oxidative Stress and ‘Monocyte Reprogramming’ in Septic Patients with Acute Kidney Injury Requiring CRRT (2008)

Oxidative stress (OS) and monocyte HLA-DR expression are known to be predictive of mortality in sepsis; nevertheless, limited information exists regarding sepsis with acute kidney injury (AKI). The aim of the study was to correlate these markers with outcome in septic patients with AKI requiring continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were measured in 32 patients on days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. In 14 we assessed the percentage of monocytes expressing HLA-DR (%DR+) and the HLA-DR mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). 20 healthy volunteers, 17 septic patients without AKI and 20 septic AKI patients not treated by CRRT were used for comparison. The mortality rate was 59%. Septic CRRT patients had higher AOPP and lower %DR+ (p < 0.001, both) than healthy controls. They also had higher AOPP than septic patients who did not develop AKI (p < 0.001). No difference was found in AOPP, %DR+ and MFI between survivors and non-survivors (day 1 and subsequent measurements). No correlation was seen between severity scores and OS/HLA-DR. OS and HLA-DR expression are altered in septic patients with AKI undergoing CRRT. However, this study was not able to confirm the usefulness of these markers in predicting survival in this subset of patients.
Obtustatin: a potent selective inhibitor of alpha1beta1 integrin in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo. (2003)

A novel disintegrin, obtustatin, was purified from the venom of the Vipera lebetina obtusa viper. Obtustatin is the shortest disintegrin yet described, containing only 41 amino acids. It contains a similar pattern of cysteines to the short disintegrins echistatin and eristostatin but contains the sequence KTS rather than RGD in its active site loop. Obtustatin is a potent and selective inhibitor of alpha1beta1 integrin. It does not inhibit the closely related integrin alpha2beta1, nor a panel of other integrins tested. It does not inhibit ligand binding to the recombinant alpha1 I-domain. Importantly, obtustatin potently inhibited angiogenesis in vivo in the chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay, and in the Lewis lung syngeneic mouse model, it reduced tumor development by half, confirming and extending previous results on the relevance of alpha1beta1 integrin to angiogenesis and suggesting novel approaches to the generation of angiogenesis inhibitors.
Hybrid and Nonhybrid Silica Sol−Gel Systems Doped with 1,12-Bis(1-pyrenyl)dodecane (1999)

A comparison is made between pure inorganic and hybrid organic/inorganic silica sol−gel systems, at different stages of evolution, using the information provided by the fluorescent probe 1,12-bis(1-pyrenyl)dodecane. The initial sols were prepared using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as precursor, with acid catalysis, at initial pH 1.2 and 2.5. The hybrid systems were prepared by incorporating a low molecular weight polymer in the initial mixtures (polytetrahydrofuran, Mw = 2000), in 1:100 molar ratio to TEOS. The evolution of the systems was followed by fluorescence spectra of the probe, incorporated in a very low concentration (∼10-7 M). It has been shown that while in the pure silica systems the probe molecules are encapsulated in the primary silica particles as they form, in the hybrid systems most probes remain in the vicinity of the polymer, which has a strong hydrophobic character. The fluorescence decay curves of aged gels confirm that the initial pH mainly influences the dimensions of the primary silica particles that are much smaller at pH 1.2 than at pH 2.5. The role of oxygen as a fluorescence quencher has been analyzed, by comparing oxygen-free and air-equilibrated samples. The probe is accessible to oxygen throughout the sol−gel process for both systems at initial pH 2.5, while at pH 1.2 this is only true for the hybrid system.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-Like 5 (CDKL5) Mutation Screening in Rett Syndrome and Related Disorders (2010)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder affecting females almost exclusively and is characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Mutations in the X-linked methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MECP2) gene have been found in up to 95% of classical RTT cases and a lesser proportion of atypical cases. Recently, mutations in another X-linked gene, CDKL5 (cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5) have been found to cause atypical RTT, in particular the early onset seizure (Hanefeld variant) and one female with autism. In this study we screened several cohorts of children for CDKL5 mutations, totaling 316 patients, including individuals with a clinical diagnosis of RTT but who were negative for MECP2 mutations (n=102), males with X-linked mental retardation (n=9), patients with West syndrome (n=52), patients with autism (n=59), patients with epileptic encephalopathy (n=33), patients with Aicardi syndrome (n=7) and other patients with intellectual disability with or without seizures (n=54). In all, seven polymorphic variations and four de novo mutations (c.586C>T [p.S196L]; c.58G>C [p.G20R]; c.2504delC [p.P835fs]; deletion of exons 1-3) were identified, and in all instances of the latter the clinical phenotype was that of an epileptic encephalopathy. These results suggest that pathogenic CDKL5 mutations are unlikely to be identified in the absence of severe early-onset seizures and highlight the importance of screening for large intragenic and whole gene deletions.
Electrochemical Performance of High-Capacity Li1.2Ni0.3Mn0.6O2.1 Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Large Kerr effect in bulk Se-based chalcogenide glasses (2000)

High-speed optical communication requires ultrafast all-optical processing and switching capabilities. The Kerr nonlinearity, an ultrafast optical nonlinearity, is often used as the basic switching mechanism. A practical, small device that can be switched with ~1-pJ energies requires a large Kerr effect with minimal losses (both linear and nonlinear). We have investigated theoretically and experimentally a number of Se-based chalcogenide glasses. We have found a number of compounds with a Kerr nonlinearity hundreds of times larger than silica, making them excellent candidates for ultrafast all-optical devices.
The ‘most spiritually destitute and degraded’ (2015)

Abstract This chapter discusses the failed efforts of the Dissenters to evangelize the poor in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. Faced with the growing acceptance of the theory of evolution and of higher criticism, with increased scepticism as to the morality of hell-fire preaching, with the loss of middle-class members to Anglicanism and to hedonism, and with the apparently intractable problem of winning over the poor, the Nonconformist churches resorted to desperate measures. These include relaxing the hitherto strict rules required for entry into membership; dropping their demand that their members be separated from the world; and competing with the world in the provision of educational, social, and recreation facilities, many of which their forefathers would have regarded as anathema.
Controlling - postavení a funkce v podniku (2006)

Cilem teto prace je prozkoumat postaveni a funkci controllingu v podniku a zjistit jak je controlling v podniku chapan. Teoreticka cast shrnuje nazory na controlling a popisuje teoreticke předpoklady pro uspěsne fungovani controllingu. V prakticke casti je zkoumano postaveni controllingu v ramci spolecnosti Veletrhy Brno a. s. V bakalařske praci jsou použity metody analýzy, syntezy a použit strukturovaný rozhovor s pracovniky odboru controllingu v podniku Veletrhy Brno a. s.
The Economics of Quality Sponsored Data in Wireless Networks (2015)

The growing demand for data has driven the Service Providers (SPs) to provide differential treatment of traffic to generate additional revenue streams from Content Providers (CPs). While SPs currently only provide best-effort services to their CPs, it is plausible to envision a model in near future, where CPs are willing to sponsor quality of service for their content in exchange of sharing a portion of their profit with SPs. In this paper, we introduce the problem of {\em Quality-Sponsored Data} (QSD) in cellular networks and study its implications on market entities in various scenarios. The direct coupling between the scarce wireless resources and the market decisions resulting from QSD is taken into account. In our model, SPs make a portion of their resources available for sponsorship by CPs, and price it appropriately to maximize their payoff, which depends on the monetary revenue and the satisfaction of end-users both for the non-sponsored and sponsored content, while CPs generate revenue through advertisement. We analyze the market dynamics and equilibria, and provide strategies for (i) SPs: to determine if and how to price resources, and (ii) CPs: to determine if and what quality to sponsor. We also discuss about the effects of different parameters of the model on market dynamics.
Detection of features associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration in ethnically distinct data sets by an optical coherence tomography: trained deep learning algorithm (2020)

Our DL algorithm exhibited high performance for nAMD identification in a Korean population, and generalised well to an ethnically distinct, American population. The model correctly focused on the differences within the macular area to extract features associated with nAMD.
POLY-SIGE HIGH FREQUENCY RESONATORS BASED ON LITHOGRAPHIC DEFINITION OF NANO-GAP LATERAL TRANSDUCERS (2004)

In this paper, we describe a new approach for fabrication of micromechanical resonators for radio-frequency communication applications. The proposed process provides ultra-narrow lateral gaps using lithographically-defined sacrificial Ge blades. By using Germanium as a sacrificial material, we eliminate the need for HF etching to release mechanical structures and thereby simplify the integration of these devices with CMOS electronics. Polycrystalline silicon-germanium (poly-SiGe) is used as the structural material in order to keep the thermal budget low (maximum temperature 425C), so as to be compatible with CMOS metallization stacks. Resonators with frequencies up to 200MHz and Q ranging from 3,500 to 14,000 are demonstrated.
Structure – activity relationships in antagonist and inverse agonist ligands for the benzodiazepine receptor (1995)

The X-ray crystal and molecular structures of the three benzodiazepine (BZD) receptor ligands are presented and the electronic character of inverse agonist ligands is probed through molecular orbital calculations. Two of the ligands have a 6-benzylamino substituent: 6-benzylamino-β-carboline-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 1, which is a high affinity antagonist with IC 50 = 10 nM, and 6-benzylamino-β-carboline, 2, which is a moderate affinity inverse agonist with IC 50 = 106 nM. The third compound, 3-ethoxy-β-carboline hydrochloride, 3, displays partial inverse agonist activity with an IC 50 of 24 nM. Intermolecular interactions, including extensive hydrogen bonding involving both the pyridyl nitrogen atom and the indole N—H as well as π stacking of aromatic rings, are characteristic of β-carbolines and are found in these three structures. In addition, two of these compounds are protonated in the crystalline state, thereby providing a model for interactions in the absence of the 3-carboxylic acid ester function. Electronic calculations show that (1) the partial inverse agonist ligand has the highest charge on the N(2) atom and (2) high affinity β-carbolines possess two neighboring sites that have high electrostatic attraction for a hydrogen atom in an intermolecular interaction. These findings suggest that modifications to the 3-position side chain to enhance the charge on the pyridyl N atom and provide a hydrogen bond acceptor site will facilitate the development of partial inverse agonist ligands. Keywords: β-carbolines, benzodiazepine receptor, crystallography, structure–activity relationships.
Mapping surgical fields by moving a laser-scanning multimodal scope attached to a robot arm (2014)

Endoscopic visualization in brain tumor removal is challenging because tumor tissue is often visually indistinguishable from healthy tissue. Fluorescence imaging can improve tumor delineation, though this impairs reflectance-based visualization of gross anatomical features. To accurately navigate and resect tumors, we created an ultrathin/flexible, scanning fiber endoscope (SFE) that acquires reflectance and fluorescence wide-field images at high-resolution. Furthermore, our miniature imaging system is affixed to a robotic arm providing programmable motion of SFE, from which we generate multimodal surface maps of the surgical field. To test this system, synthetic phantoms of debulked tumor from brain are fabricated having spots of fluorescence representing residual tumor. Three-dimension (3D) surface maps of this surgical field are produced by moving the SFE over the phantom during concurrent reflectance and fluorescence imaging (30Hz video). SIFT-based feature matching between reflectance images is implemented to select a subset of key frames, which are reconstructed in 3D by bundle adjustment. The resultant reconstruction yields a multimodal 3D map of the tumor region that can improve visualization and robotic path planning. Efficiency of creating these 3D maps is important as they are generated multiple times during tumor margin clean-up. By using pre-programmed motions of the robot arm holding the SFE, the computer vision algorithms are optimized for efficiency by reducing search times. Preliminary results indicate that the time for creating these multimodal maps of the surgical field can be reduced to one third by using known trajectories of the surgical robot moving the image-guided tool.
HSP90-buffered genetic variation is common in Arabidopsis thaliana (2008)

HSP90 is a protein chaperone particularly important in the maturation of a diverse set of proteins that regulate key steps in a multitude of biological processes. Alterations in HSP90 function produce altered phenotypes at low penetrance in natural populations. Previous work has shown that at least some of these phenotypes are due to genetic variation that remains phenotypically cryptic until it is revealed by the impairment of HSP90 function. Exposure of such "buffered" genetic polymorphisms can also be accomplished by environmental stress, linking the appearance of new phenotypes to defects in protein homeostasis. Should such polymorphisms be widespread, natural selection may be more effective at producing phenotypic change in suboptimal environments. In evaluating this hypothesis, a key unknown factor is the frequency with which HSP90-buffered polymorphisms occur in natural populations. Here, we present Arabidopsis thaliana populations suitable for genetic mapping that have constitutively reduced HSP90 levels. We employ quantitative genetic techniques to examine the HSP90-dependent polymorphisms affecting a host of plastic plant life-history traits. Our results demonstrate that HSP90-dependent natural variation is present at high frequencies in A. thaliana, with an expectation that at least one HSP90-dependent polymorphism will affect nearly every quantitative trait in progeny of two different wild lines. Hence, HSP90 is likely to occupy a central position in the translation of genotypic variation into phenotypic differences.
Effect of LiF addition on the formation of the superconducting YBa2Cu4O8phase (1995)

Several possible flux materials have been investigated for preparing the superconducting YBa2Cu4O8 phase under 1 atm of oxygen. LiF was a promising flux and the YBa2Cu4O8 phase was successfully obtained at 815 °C with 0.5–1.0 wt.% LiF. Large amounts of LiF (>1.0 wt.%) accelerated the formation of side products, i.e. BaCuO2 and Y2BaCuO5, instead of the superconducting phase. LiF was also used as a flux in the syntheses of the superconducting Y0.9Ca0.1Ba2Cu4O8 and EuBa2Cu4O8 phases, and synthesis conditions for these compounds were optimized.
Synthesis of 2-methylbenzo[b]furans and 2-methylbenzo[b]thiophens (1974)

W. K. Anderson and E. J. LaVoie, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 174a DOI: 10.1039/C3974000174A
1201 PC-MRI measurements and CFD analysis of blood flow dynamics in the human aorta (2005)

Blood flow in the aorta is complex, being affected by both the geometry of the aorta and flow dynamics stemmed from the left ventricle. It has been suggested that such a complex flow plays an important role in the localization of vascular diseases such as aortic aneuysm and arteriosclerosis. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of the inflow and geometry of the aorta on the aortic flow. We measured the velocity profile at a site just above the aortic valve using cine phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI), and then performed CFD analysis of blood flow in the aorta using the measured velocity as an inlet boundary condition. The results showed that the geometry of the aorta is influential in the hemodynamics in the whole region of the aorta while the effect of the aortic inflow remains up to the aortic arch.
Sub-diffractional waveguiding by mid-infrared plasmonic resonators in semiconductor nanowires (2018)

Chains of nanoscale plasmonic resonators are capable of sub-diffractional waveguiding and have applications in nanophotonics and thermal radiation transport. Practical uses have largely been limited, however, due to high optical losses or low group velocities. Here, we predict the waveguide performance of a material structure capable of overcoming these limitations: plasmonic resonators embedded in high-dielectric nanowires. Due to the enhanced near-field coupling between resonators, we find that the group velocities and propagation lengths for doped Si plasmonic resonators in intrinsic Si nanowires can be increased by up to an order of magnitude compared to the case of isotropic vacuum surroundings. We investigate the impact of resonator aspect ratio, doping, and spacing on waveguide performance, and we find that propagation lengths are maximized for large aspect ratios and high dopant concentrations at small spacings. To study these complex anisotropic systems, we develop a new analytical "absorption spectra" method to extract waveguide information from simple far-field absorption experiments (or simulations) of only two coupled resonators.
No-leak authentication by the Sherlock Holmes method. (2010)

We propose a class of authentication schemes that are literally zeroknowledge, as compared to what is formally defined as “zero-knowledge” in cryptographic literature. We call this “no-leak” authentication to distinguish from an established “zero-knowledge” concept. The “no-leak” condition implies “zero-knowledge” (even “perfect zero-knowledge”), but it is actually stronger, as we illustrate by examples. The principal idea behind our schemes is: the verifier challenges the prover with questions that he (the verifier) already knows answers to; therefore, even a computationally unbounded verifier who follows the protocol cannot possibly learn anything new during any number of authentication sessions. This is therefore also true for a computationally unbounded passive adversary.
Transcriptional Regulation in Eukaryotes: Concepts, Strategies and Techniques (2000)

Preface Overview Abbreviations and Acronyms 1. A Primer on Transcriptional Regulation in Mammalian Cells 2. Initial Strategic Issues 3. Transcription Initiation Site Mapping 4. Functional Assays for Promoter Analysis 5. Identification and Analysis of Distant Control Regions 6. Identifying cis-Acting DNA Elements within a Control Region 7. Identification of DNA-Binding Proteins and Their Genes 8. Confirming the Functional Importance of a Protein-DNA Interaction 9. In Vivo Analysis of an Endogenous Control Region 10. Identifying and Characterizing Domains of Transcription Regulatory Factors 11. DNA Binding by Regulatory Transcription Factors 12. Transcription and Preinitiation Complex Assembly In Vitro 13. Studying Chromatin Dynamics In Vitro: Chromatin Assembly, Remodeling, and Transcription Appendix: Cautions Index
Receiver measured time in the VDL Mode 4 system (2002)

This paper details an investigation into the receiver measured time (RMT) concept of VDL Mode 4, basically the ability to derive estimates of time from the transmission of the VDL Mode 4 signals themselves. The RMT concept is based on determining the accurate time of transmission by measuring the time of arrival (TOA) of a received signal. The reverse aspect, or that of user position, can also be computed in the same manner and all computed simulations hold for errors in position. If synchronized time is available, or can be derived, then the user position can be computed based on signals from known transmitter locations. A complete, end-to-end RMT simulation model for the Gaussian filtered frequency shift keying (GFSK) and differential 8-phase shift keying (D8PSK) modulation techniques has been developed in which various transmitters, channels and receiver models as well as an RMT measurement system have been included. The timing results, which are included, are described in terms of two-sigma errors as a function of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). The performance varies for the different receiver structures over the typical operation region and for a 1-bit differential GFSK detector the two-sigma error is as low as 0.40 microseconds, corresponding to a ranging error of approximately 120 meters. When incorporating co-channel interference (CCI), multipath and Doppler frequency shifts the RMT performance has been shown to decrease in terms of higher two-sigma errors.
Scalable spin–photon entanglement by time-to-polarization conversion (2020)

Abstract The realization of quantum networks and quantum computers relies on the scalable generation of entanglement, for which spin-photon interfaces are strong candidates. Current proposals to produce entangled-photon states with such platforms place stringent requirements on the physical properties of the photon emitters, limiting the range and performance of suitable physical systems. We propose a scalable protocol, which significantly reduces the constraints on the emitter. We use only a single optical transition and an asymmetric polarizing interferometer. This device converts the entanglement from the experimentally robust time basis via a path degree of freedom into a polarization basis, where quantum logic operations can be performed. The fundamental unit of the proposed protocol is realized experimentally in this work, using a nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond. This classically assisted protocol greatly widens the set of physical systems suited for scalable entangled-photon generation and enables performance enhancement of existing platforms.