gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CASE STUDY OF A VLSI DESIGN PROJECT: A SIMPLE INNER PRODUCT MACHINE. (1981)

We present a case study of the application of recently evolved structured VLSI design methodologies to the design and implementation of a simple VLSI quasi-serial inner product machine.
Machine learning for the classification of macroscale fracture surfaces (2023)

Abstract The characterization of fractographic surfaces typically requires experts to evaluate the characteristics of fracture surfaces. However, these evaluations are influenced by human factors, such as subjectivity, and suffer from a lack of reproducibility. In this context, machine learning (ML), which has been established in various disciplines within materials science over the past few years, is a promising field enabling a more objective and reproducible evaluation. This study will evaluate the use of ML for the evaluation of fracture surfaces of notched Charpy specimens based on digital camera images. Image sections of the two reference regions “upper shelf” (ductile) and “lower shelf” (brittle) will serve as the database. In a first step, data visualization will be performed and data separability will be verified using unsupervised ML. On this basis, supervised ML will be used to train models to distinguish brittle and ductile fractures. These models will then be applied to determine ductile und brittle portions in mixed fracture modes, with the results being in good agreement with the expert consensus achieved in the round robin test.
HPLC Analysis of [3H]-Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Produced by Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cells in Response to Leukotriene D4 (1987)

Abstract Clonally derived murine and rat smooth muscle cells and bovine endothelial cells were incubated with [3H]-arachidonic acid for 16 hours (10 μCi/ml). The cells were then rinsed twice with saline and then treated with leukotriene D4 (LTD4) (1 μM) for 10 min. The supernatants from these cells were acidified with phosphoric acid (0.1% vol:vol), and then extracted with two volumes of ethylacetate. The radioactivity in the organic phase was analyzed by HPLC using an on-line radioactivity detector equipped with a solid scintillating flow cell. This procedure allowed us to monitor the arachidonic acid metabolites produced in response to LTD4. From data obtained by this method we conclude that LTD4 increases both lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase product formation in these cells and that this method may be useful in obtaining qualitative information concerning eicosanoid metabolism in other biological systems.
Modeling of Near-Field Concentrated Solar Thermophotovoltaic Microsystem (2014)

Modeling of a near-field concentrated solar thermophotovoltaic (STPV) microsystem is carried out to investigate the use of STPV-based solid-state energy conversion as a high power density MEMS power generator. Near-field radiation can be realized between two closely separated surfaces (i.e. order of radiation wavelength), resulting in the enhancement of the heat radiation flux orders of magnitudes higher than the blackbody limit, consequently increasing cell output power density. The Near-field STPV model consists of an absorber/emitter model used to estimate the net power absorbed from solar irradiance, a near-field radiation transfer model to evaluate the power tunneled from the emitter to the PV cell at different separation distances, and a PV cell model to determine the photocurrent generated due to thermal radiation absorbed. Results reveal that decreasing separation distance between the emitter and the PV cell increases the absorber/emitter thermal efficiency, increases conversion efficiency, and the power density (×100 far-field). The results also predict increase in cooling power requirement as the separation distance is decreased, which may be a limiting design parameter for near-field STPV microsystems. Based on the model, an overall conversion efficiency of 17% at a separation distance of 10 nm and emitter temperature of 2000 K with solar concentration 6000 sun can be reached; this corresponds to an output power density of 9×105 W/m2.
Immobilization of a Full Photosystem in the Large‐Pore MIL‐101 Metal–Organic Framework for CO2 reduction (2018)

A molecular catalyst [Cp*Rh(4,4'-bpydc)]<sup>2+</sup> and a molecular photosensitizer [Ru(bpy)<sub>2</sub> (4,4'-bpydc)]<sup>2+</sup> (bpydc=bipyridinedicarboxylic acid) were co-immobilized into the highly porous metal-organic framework MIL-101-NH<sub>2</sub> (Al) upon easy postsynthetic impregnation. The Rh-Ru@MIL-101-NH<sub>2</sub> composite allows the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> under visible light, while exhibiting remarkable selectivity with the exclusive production of formate. This Rh-Ru@MIL-101-NH<sub>2</sub> solid represents the first example of MOFs functionalized with both a catalyst and a photosensitizer in a noncovalent fashion. Thanks to the coconfinement of the catalyst and photosensitizer into the cavity's nanospace, the MOF pores are used as nanoreactors and enable molecular catalysis in a heterogeneous manner.
Visualizing Vowel Harmony (2010)

This paper deals with vowel harmony from a cross-linguistic perspective, with the aim of visualizing the distribution of vowels in corpora so that languages with vowel harmony can be distinguished from those lacking it. For this purpose vowel successions within words are statistically analyzed and visualized in a quadratic matrix whose rows and columns are ordered according to their distribution in the text, with more similar vowels occurring closer together. The method has been tested on the basis of Bible corpora in a variety of languages including well-known harmonic languages such as Turkish, Hungarian and Finnish as well as non-harmonic languages.
Distinct population code for movement kinematics and changes of ongoing movements in human subthalamic nucleus (2020)

Abstract The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is theorized to globally suppress movement through connections with downstream basal ganglia structures. Current theories are supported by increased STN activity when subjects withhold an uninitiated action plan, but a critical test of these theories requires studying STN responses when an ongoing action is replaced with an alternative. Here, we perform this test using an extended reaching task with instructions to switch movement trajectory mid-action. We show that STN activity decreases during action switches, contrary to prevalent theories. Further, beta oscillations in the local field potential in STN, which are associated with movement inhibition do not show increased power or entraining of neuronal firing during switches. We report an inhomogeneous population neural code in STN, with one sub-population encoding movement kinematics and direction and another encoding unexpected action switches. We suggest an elaborate neural code in STN that contributes to planning actions and changing the plans.
Continuous flow photolytic reduction of graphene oxide (2019)

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is generated from GO dispersed in water under continuous flow in the absence of harsh reducing agents, in a vortex fluidic device, such that the processing is scalable with uniformity of the product. This involves simultaneously UV irradiating (λ = 254 nm, 20 W) the dynamic thin film in the rapidly rotating glass tube in the microfluidic platform. The rGO is comparable to that formed using waste generating chemical based processing, with a film of the material having a resistance of 2.2 × 105 Ω and a remarkably high conductivity of 2 × 104 S cm-1.
Cosmetic Penile Augmentation Surgical Techniques with BellaDerm Graft (2018)

Introduction: Penile cosmetic augmentation surgery (cosmetic phalloplasty) is available in the cosmetic surgery field for about a quarter of century to enlarge penis length, girth, and glans of a man's penis. This article describes penile cosmetic surgery augmentation (phalloplasty surgical techniques) using BellaDerm graft.
Synthesis of oleyl oleate as a jojoba oil analog (1992)

Synthesis of a wax ester analog of jojoba oil was accomplished from oleic acid and oleyl alcohol with a zeolite as catalyst. A full 2 3 factorial design at two levels has been used in the synthesis. The variables selected were temperature, reduced pressure and initial catalyst concentration. The most important variable within the range studied was temperature. Reduced pressure had a negative influence, and initial catalyst concentration showed a positive influence on the process. A response equation has been determined for the yield of ester. The properties of the synthesized product are similar to those of natural jojoba oil.
ChemInform Abstract: An Expeditious Approach toward the Total Synthesis of CP‐263,114. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inter-cell interference coordination using coordinated inter-cell interference power control in uplink (2013)

We propose an inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) method that employs inter-cell coordinated transmission power control (TPC) based on inter-cell interference power in addition to conventional received signal power-based TPC in the cellular uplink. We assume orthogonal multiple-access such as in the 3GPP LTE. In the proposed method, an ICIC effect similar to that for conventional fractional frequency reuse (FFR) is obtained. This is achieved by coordinating the allowable inter-cell interference power level at the respective frequency blocks within the system bandwidth among neighboring cells in a semi-static manner. Different from conventional FFR, since all users within a cell can access all the frequency blocks, the reduction in the multiuser diversity gain is abated. Computer simulation results show that the proposed method enhances both the cell-edge and average user throughput simultaneously compared to conventional universal frequency reuse (UFR) and FFR.
Capillary Electrophoresis Separations of Glycans (2018)

Capillary electrophoresis has emerged as a powerful approach for carbohydrate analyses since 2014. The method provides high resolution capable of separating carbohydrates by charge-to-size ratio. Principle applications are heavily focused on N-glycans, which are highly relevant to biological therapeutics and biomarker research. Advances in techniques used for N-glycan structural identification include migration time indexing and exoglycosidase and lectin profiling, as well as mass spectrometry. Capillary electrophoresis methods have been developed that are capable of separating glycans with the same monosaccharide sequence but different positional isomers, as well as determining whether monosaccharides composing a glycan are alpha or beta linked. Significant applications of capillary electrophoresis to the analyses of N-glycans in biomarker discovery and biological therapeutics are emphasized with a brief discussion included on carbohydrate analyses of glycosaminoglycans and mono-, di-, and oligosaccharides relevant to food and plant products. Innovative, emerging techniques in the field are highlighted and the future direction of the technology is projected based on the significant contributions of capillary electrophoresis to glycoscience from 2014 to the present as discussed in this review.
Redundancy, redundancy, redundancy (2010)

Although redundancy reduction is the key for visual coding in the mammalian visual system [1,2], at a higher level, the visual understanding step, a central component of intelligence, achieves high robustness by exploiting redundancies in the images, in order to resolve uncertainty, ambiguity, or contradiction [3,4]. In this paper, an algorithmic framework, Learning Ensembles of Anatomical Patterns (LEAP), is presented for the purpose of automatic localization and parsing of human anatomy from medical images. It achieves high robustness by exploiting statistical redundancies at three levels: the anatomical level, the parts-whole level, and the voxel level in the scale space. The recognition-by-parts intuition is formulated in a more principled way as a spatial ensemble, with added redundancy and less parameter tuning for medical imaging applications. Different use cases were tested using 2D and 3D medical images, including X-ray, CT, and MRI images, for different purposes such as view identication, organ and body parts localization, and MR imaging plane detection. LEAP is shown to significantly outperform existing methods or its "non-redundant" counterparts.
Application limit of 13Cr steel tubular in terms of sulfide stress cracking property. (2001)

Safety use limit of API-13Cr steel tubular in terms of Sulfide Stress Cracking (SSC) property is studied. Since SSC is a phenomenon of hydrogen embrittlement, the hydrogen content in steel is a key factor to determine SSC susceptibility. The hydrogen content entering into steel and the critical hydrogen content of steel below which no SSC occurs were experimentally determined as a function of environmental factors and yield strength. Comparison of both values of hydrogen contents enables to estimate critical environmental conditions and yield strength. Estimation results by this method coincides well with data in several literatures.
A Reinvestigation of the Phosphorylation of Rabbit Skeletal‐Muscle Glycogen Synthase by Cyclic‐AMP‐Dependent Protein Kinase (1981)

Glycogen synthase preparations which were free of endogenous phosphorylase kinase were phosphorylated to different extents with cyclic‐AMP‐dependent protein kinase and the phosphopeptides obtained by tryptic digestion were analysed. Limited tryptic digestion of the native enzyme quantitatively released two phosphopeptides (site 1 a and site 1 b) which were soluble in trichloroacetic acid. The trichloroacetic‐arid pellet contained a distinct phosphorylation site, which was shown to be identical to the serine residue which is phosphorylated by phosphorylase kinase (site 2). Sites 1 a, 1 b and 2 accounted for virtually all of the phosphorylation of glycogen synthase up to 2.5 molecules phosphate incorporated per subunit. Site 1 a was initially phosphorylated 7–10‐fold faster than site 2, and 15–20‐fold faster than site 1 b. The phosphorylation of site 1 a became much slower after about 0.5 molecules of phosphate had been incorporated per subunit. Cyclic‐GMP‐dependent protein kinase also phosphorylated glycogen synthase at sites 1 a, 1 b and 2. The order of phosphorylation was the same as that observed with cyclic‐AMP‐dependent protein kinase (site 1 a &gt; site 2 &gt; site 1 b). All three sites phosphorylated by cyclic‐AMP‐dependent protein kinase could be dephosphorylated by protein phosphatase 1. Site 2 was initially dephosphorylated 5–10‐fold faster than site la and more than 100‐fold faster than site 1 b. The MgATP‐dependent protein phosphatase dephosphorylated site 2, site 1a and site 1 b to a very similar manner to protein phosphatase 1. The different rates of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of the three sites allowed the demonstration to be made that the activity of glycogen synthase depended on the state of phosphorylation of site 2 and site 1 a. The phosphorylation of site 1 b did not influence the activity under the conditions used. Incubation of glycogen synthase with high levels of phosphorylase kinase did not lead to the phosphorylation of either site 1 a or 1 b, or of the three sites phosphorylated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (sites 3a, 3b and 3c). Similarly no phosphorylation of sites 3a, 3b or 3c by cyclic‐AMP‐dependent protein kinase was detected. It is concluded that site 2 is the only site at which overlapping substrate specificity occurs between these three glycogen synthase kinases.
Blausäure aus Methan und Ammoniak - Nachweis von Gasphasenintermediaten durch Molekularstrahl- Massenspektrometrie und Bestimmung von Ionisations- und Auftrittspotentialen (2004)

Am Mechanismus heterogen katalysierter Reaktionen können auch Reaktionen in der Gasphase beteiligt sein. Während eine energetische Kopplung zwischen heterogenen und homogenen Reaktionen durch Reaktorkühlung minimiert werden kann, ist eine Kopplung über die Desorption reaktiver Intermediate und ihrer Folgereaktionen in der Gasphase schwer zu kontrollieren. Besonders Radikale initiieren oft – erwünschte oder unerwünschte – homogene Reaktionen1.\nEine technisch bedeutende Reaktion bei der homogene Schritte postuliert werden, ist die Platin-katalysierte Bildung von Blausäure aus Methan und Ammoniak (BMA-Reaktion):\nCH4 + NH3  HCN + 3H2 rH = 256 kJ/mol\nDa die Reaktion aufgrund ihrer Endothermie bei 1300 °C durchgeführt wird, treten als unerwünschte Nebenreaktionen die thermische Zersetzung von NH3 zu N2 und H2 sowie Russbildung auf.\n\nZielstellung und Experimente\nZiel der Untersuchung an der BMA-Reaktion war die Detektion reaktiver Gasphasenintermediate unter technischen Reaktionsbedingungen. Dazu wurde ein Modellreaktor über ein differentiell gepumptes Molekularstrahl-Interface an ein Quadrupol-Massenspektrometer (HIDEN HAL IV EPIC Low Energy) gekoppelt (Abb. 1), welches neben der massenspektrometrischen Analyse die Bestimmung von Ionisations- und Auftrittspotentialen (IP, AP) erlaubte. Die Probennahme mittels Molekularstrahl sollte reaktive Spezies einfrieren und einen schnellen und stoßfreien Transport in die Ionenquelle des Massenspektrometers gewährleisten. Der Reaktor bestand aus einem elektrisch beheizten, innen mit Pt beschichteten Keramikrohr. Die Reaktion wurde bei Atmosphärendruck und 1300°C durchgeführt. Das Reaktionsgas bestand aus 300 mlmin-1 NH3, 150 mlmin-1 CH4 und 50 mlmin-1 He.\n \tAbb. 1 \nVersuchsaufbau – Schema
Elimination of vector changes due to sector changes with DTC (2014)

In this paper it has been investigated if there is a possibility to reduce the switching frequency for a two-level inverter by improving the direct torque control (DTC) algorithm by adding a non-switching condition when a new sector is entered. It is believed that the DTC switching table can be improved by adding a non-switching condition when sector change occurs. This will reduce the number of switching actions by up to 12 per electrical rotation without interfering with the electrical machine performance.
Safety and efficacy of cutting balloon angioplasty: the Mayo Clinic experience. (2002)

CBA is feasible and safe, with a low incidence of procedural complications and in-hospital adverse cardiac events when used primarily for in-stent restenosis.
Double-angle multilayer mirrors with smooth dispersion characteristics (2009)

We report the feasibility of precision broadband dispersion control with multilayer mirrors produced in a single coating run. Inherent fluctuations of the group-delay dispersion (GDD) are suppressed by using the mirrors at two different angles of incidence. With a specialized version of the needle optimization algorithm, we have designed the multilayer structure to yield a complementary pair with a resultant GDD substantially free from spectral oscillations characteristic of broadband chirped multilayers. Since the mirrors employed at two different incidence angles are produced in a single deposition run, their overall dispersion is more robust to errors in layer thicknesses than that of previous complementary mirror pairs manufactured in two different steps. This offers the potential for improving production yield and quality of femtosecond dispersion control. We have successfully used the first "double-angle" mirrors for compressing pulses to a duration of 4.3 fs.
A Novel 29-Messenger RNA Host-Response Assay From Whole Blood Accurately Identifies Bacterial and Viral Infections in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Suspected Infections: A Prospective Observational Study* (2021)

IMX-BVN-2 demonstrated accuracy for detecting both viral infections and bacterial infections. This shows the potential of host-response tests as a novel and practical approach for determining the causes of infections, which could improve patient outcomes while upholding antimicrobial stewardship.
Gating mechanism of elongating β-ketoacyl-ACP synthases (2020)

Carbon-carbon bond forming reactions are essential transformations in natural product biosynthesis. During de novo fatty acid and polyketide biosynthesis, β-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP) synthases (KS), catalyze this process via a decarboxylative Claisen-like condensation reaction. KSs must recognize multiple chemically distinct ACPs and choreograph a ping-pong mechanism, often in an iterative fashion. Here, we report crystal structures of substrate mimetic bearing ACPs in complex with the elongating KSs from Escherichia coli, FabF and FabB, in order to better understand the stereochemical features governing substrate discrimination by KSs. Complemented by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and mutagenesis studies, these structures reveal conformational states accessed during KS catalysis. These data taken together support a gating mechanism that regulates acyl-ACP binding and substrate delivery to the KS active site. Two active site loops undergo large conformational excursions during this dynamic gating mechanism and are likely evolutionarily conserved features in elongating KSs.
Results of Accessibility Analysis of Html and the Implications for Future Information Technologies (1998)

For the past four years, we have been examining how to make the WWW accessible for people with disabilities. This has involved gathering information through interviews, interactions with users having difficulty accessing the Web, creation and investigation of experimental Web pages and solicitation of feedback from demonstrations. The results show that the problem cannot be solved solely by modifications to Web pages. User agents (browsers), protocols (e.g., HTML) and assistive technologies need to change also. Regarding HTML pages, the results show the need to provide alternative forms of information and meta-information, elements to avoid, and the proper uses of HTML elements. In addition to making pages more accessible to people with disabilities, these measures also facilitate access by pocket browsers, indexing mechanisms, intelligent agents, and voice input/output access to the Web, as well as increasing the usability for all users.
Finite bias conductance of an Anderson level: A source-Liouville Hartree–Fock study (2005)

We address the problem of stationary conductance through an Anderson spin-degenerate level at finite bias. Just as in the Anderson solution, for a finite bias in parameter space (bias, gate voltage, interaction constant, and the couplings to the leads) there exist spin-polarized and non-spin-polarized regions. The transition curve between them is found analytically for the case of symmetric coupling to the left and right leads. We approach the problem by a non-Markovian source-Liouville equation where the two-body interaction self-energies are taken in the Hartree-Fock approximation.
Prevalence and significance of Mycoplasma genitalium in women living with HIV in Denmark (2017)

We tested cervical samples for M. genitalium by specific PCR. We found three samples positive (1.3%). The women were between 30 and 50 years old, all were of Asian origin, sexually active, and on antiretroviral treatment with supressed HIV RNA and CD4 count >350 cells/µL. None reported symptoms from the lower abdomen. The prevalence of M. genitalium infection in WLWH in Denmark is low, thus systematic screening for M. genitalium in this group does not seem relevant.
In vitro effect of recombinant human interferon on basal and IL- stimulated stromelysin, proteoglycans, cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), nitric oxide and IL-1ra (1999)

peer reviewed
160-GHz pulse generator using a 40-GHz phase modulator and PM fiber (2005)

We demonstrate chirp-free CS-RZ pulse generation with a repetition rate of 160 GHz using a phase modulator driven by a 40 GHz clock and two low-cost polarization-maintaining fibers. The unwanted low frequency tones are suppressed by more than 15 dB.