gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthese von Inhibitor-Netzen aus geschichteten Ordnungsstrukturen (2006)

Bismuth is widely used in metallurgy, cosmetic industry, and medical diagnosis and recently, bismuth nanoparticles (NPs) (BiNP) have been made and proved to be excellent CT imaging agents. Previously, we have synthesized bovine serum albumin based BiNP for imaging purpose but we found a temporary kidney injury by BiNP. Due to the reported adverse events of bismuth on human health, we extended our studies on the mechanisms for BiNP induced nephrotoxicity. Blood biochemical analysis indicated the increase in creatinine (CREA) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and intraluminal cast formation with cell apoptosis/necrosis was evident in proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) of mice. BiNP induced acute kidney injury (AKI) was associated with an increase in LC3II, while the autophagic flux indicator p62 remained unchanged. Chloroquine and rapamycin were used to evaluate the role of autophagy in AKI caused by BiNP. Results showed that BiNP induced AKI was further attenuated by rapamycin, while AKI became severe when chloroquine was applied. In vitro studies further proved BiNP induced autophagy in human embryonic kidney cells 293, presented as autophagic vacuole (AV) formation along with increased levels of autophagy-related proteins including LC3II, Beclin1, and Atg12. Specifically, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by BiNP could be the major inducer of autophagy, because ROS blockage attenuated autophagy. Autophagy induced by BiNP was primarily regulated by AMPK/mTOR signal pathway and partially regulated by Akt/mTOR. Our study provides fundamental theory to better understand bismuth induced nephrotoxicity for better clinical application of bismuth related compounds.
Comparison of optical predetection processing and postdetection linear processing for partially coherent image estimation (1989)

A comparison is made between the effectiveness of optical predetection processing and that of electronic postdetection filtering for image-estimation applications. The results indicate that optical preprocessing is more effective than postdetection filtering when the object illumination is coherent or nearly coherent, whereas the reverse is true for incoherent illumination. Two methods for using the processing capabilities of the optics in conjunction with the processing capabilities of the postdetection filter are also presented. The theory is formulated by assuming stationary statistics for the objects. Results of computer simulations performed on nonstationary objects indicate that the theory can be applied with minor modifications to nonstationary objects.
Oxidized LDL Upregulates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression in Cultured Human Coronary Artery Endothelial Cells (2000)

These observations suggest an important role of ox-LDL-mediated AT1R upregulation in cell injury. In this process, NF-kappaB activation seems to play a critical role in signal transduction. These findings provide a basis for the use of antioxidants and AT1R blockers in designing therapy of atherosclerosis.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor does not increase the potency or efficacy of a foot-and-mouth disease virus subunit vaccine (2005)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most feared diseases of livestock worldwide. Vaccination has been a very effective weapon in controlling the disease, however a number of concerns with the current vaccine including the inability of approved diagnostic tests to reliably distinguish vaccinated from infected animals and the need for high containment facilities for vaccine production, have limited its use during outbreaks in countries previously free of the disease. A number of FMD vaccine candidates have been tested and a replication-defective human adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector containing the FMDV capsid (P1-2A) and 3C protease coding regions has been shown to completely protect pigs against challenge with the homologous virus (FMDV A12 and A24). An Ad5-P1-2A+3C vaccine for FMDV O1 Campos (Ad5-O1C), however, only induced a low FMDV-specific neutralizing antibody response in swine potency tests. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) has been successfully used to stimulate the immune response in vaccine formulations against a number of diseases, including HIV, hepatitis C and B. To attempt to improve the FMDV-specific immune response induced by Ad5-O1C, we inoculated swine with Ad5-O1C and an Ad5 vector containing the gene for porcine GM-CSF (pGM-CSF). However, in the conditions used in this trial, pGM-CSF did not improve the immune response to Ad5-O1C and adversely affected the level of protection of swine challenged with homologous FMDV.
Space Plug and Play Avionics Application Programmers Interface for Radio Devices (2011)

This paper describes a template for the embedded self-description of radio equipment for use in Space Plugand-Play Avionics (SPA) systems. This template is a proposed standard that seeks to define a canonical description that might be universally applied to a variety of both simple and complex radio devices, i ncluding software-defined radios. The authors believe such t emplate approaches promote the engineering of composable systems. A template API for communications is proposed in which a great variety of differen t radios (from any conforming vendor) might be interchanged and still produce an effective mission resul t (even as a personal computer might interchange a number of approaches for connecting to the internet without re-engineering the web browser or internet applications). This common API can be used regardless of communication medium, protocols, waveforms, or operating requirements. The challenge of designing a template is in striking a balance between simplicit y in the representation of a canonical (generic) in terface that still supports the rich expressiveness needed to accommodate sophisticated radio equipment.
Evaluating the economic impact of cognitive radio with a three-player oligopoly model (2011)

Cognitive radio provides an opportunity for more efficient use of spectrum and features that improve and increase services in mobile business. This paper analyzes the economic impact of cognitive radio with a three-player oligopoly model. The three players represent the three markets of the industry: devices, connectivity and services. We examine how the new technology affects the markets, and how the changes in one market affect the other markets. With the model, it is possible to estimate the players' utilities under different parameters and scenarios. We also present a method to estimate the parameter changes in the model from the technological improvements of cognitive radio. The model can be extended to incorporate more specific issues like the running out of spectrum and the effects of coalitions, which are studied in this paper.
A decentralized coordination strategy for networked multiagent systems (2012)

We propose a decentralized coordination strategy for abstract networked multiagent systems in which individual agent goals are modeled as optima of privately known objective functions and the optimal network configuration as the optimizer of the sum of these functions. The strategy is based on a recently proposed decentralized optimization method, which we generalize here by allowing agents to update only a subset of optimization variables. We provide a Lyapunov argument for the global practical asymptotic stability of collective optimum for the proposed scheme.
Numerical Study of Enhanced Oil Recovery Using In Situ Oxy-Combustion in a Porous Combustion Tube (2020)

Abstract In situ combustion (ISC) in a one-dimensional combustion porous tube has been modeled numerically and presented in this article. The numerical model has been developed using the cmg stars (2017.10) software and it was used to model especial cases for validation against published experimental data. A comprehensive chemical reaction scheme has been developed and used to simulate the ISC process in the lab scale. Moreover, co-injection of oxygen with carbon dioxide (O2/CO2); and co-injection of enriched air (O2/N2) have been further investigated. In the case of using (O2/N2) as an oxidizer, increasing the oxygen ratio from 21% to 50% leads to increasing the oil recovery factor from 31.66% to 66.8%, respectively. In the case of using (O2/CO2) as an oxidizer, increasing the oxygen ratio from 21% to 50% leads to increasing the oil recovery factor from 35.77% to 70.3%, respectively. It was found that the co-injection of (O2/CO2) gives higher values of the oil recovery factor compared with that given when oxygen-enriched air (O2/N2) is injected for ISC. The change in the produced cumulative hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide is considered small whether using (O2/CO2) or (O2/N2) as an oxidizer.
Structural and stereodynamic studies on molecular early transition metal derivatives. 4. Synthesis, crystal structure, and molecular constitution of solutions of bis(alkoxo)trichloroniobium(V)-hexamethylphosphortriamide adducts (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructural and stereodynamic studies on molecular early transition metal derivatives. 4. Synthesis, crystal structure, and molecular constitution of solutions of bis(alkoxo)trichloroniobium(V)-hexamethylphosphortriamide adductsLiliane Hubert-Pfalzgraf, Alan A. Pinkerton, and Jean G. RiessCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 3, 663–667Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50181a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views47Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (696 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Constructive Prediction of the Generalization Error Across Scales (2019)

The dependency of the generalization error of neural networks on model and dataset size is of critical importance both in practice and for understanding the theory of neural networks. Nevertheless, the functional form of this dependency remains elusive. In this work, we present a functional form which approximates well the generalization error in practice. Capitalizing on the successful concept of model scaling (e.g., width, depth), we are able to simultaneously construct such a form and specify the exact models which can attain it across model/data scales. Our construction follows insights obtained from observations conducted over a range of model/data scales, in various model types and datasets, in vision and language tasks. We show that the form both fits the observations well across scales, and provides accurate predictions from small- to large-scale models and data.
Experiment on digital CDS with 33-M pixel 120-fps super hi-vision image sensor (2014)

We have developed a CMOS image sensor with 33 million pixels and 120 frames per second (fps) for Super Hi-Vision (SHV:8K version of UHDTV). There is a way to reduce the fixed pattern noise (FPN) caused in CMOS image sensors by using digital correlated double sampling (digital CDS), but digital CDS methods need high-speed analog-to-digital conversion and are not applicable to conventional UHDTV image sensors due to their speed limit. Our image sensor, on the other hand, has a very fast analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using “two-stage cyclic ADC” architecture that is capable of being driven at 120-fps, which is double the normal frame rate for TV. In this experiment, we performed experimental digital CDS using the high-frame rate UHDTV image sensor. By reading the same row twice at 120-fps and subtracting dark pixel signals from accumulated pixel signals, we obtained a 60-fps equivalent video signal with digital noise reduction. The results showed that the VFPN was effectively reduced from 24.25 e<sup>-</sup><sub>rms</sub> to 0.43 e<sup>-</sup><sub>rms</sub>.
Effect of thin-film imaging on line edge roughness transfer to underlayers during etch processes (2004)

For the patterning of sub-100 nm features, a clear understanding of the origin and control of line edge roughness (LER) is extremely desirable, from a fundamental as well as a manufacturing perspective. With the migration to thin photoresists coupled with bottom antireflective coating (ARC)-hardmask underlayers, LER analysis of the developed resist structures is perhaps an inaccurate representation of the substrate roughness after the etch process, since those underlayers can play a significant role in increasing/decreasing linewidth variations during the image transfer process and hence can impact the device performance. In this article, atomic force microscopy is used to investigate the contribution of the imaging resist sidewall topography to the sidewall roughness of the final etched feature in thin photoresists, ARC, and hardmasks. Resist systems suitable for 248 and 193 nm lithography as well as fluorine-containing resists were processed using N2-H2 or fluorocarbon plasma etch. It is shown that the interaction of different etch chemistries with existing sidewall profiles can result in loss of the original morphological information and creation of new spatial frequency domains that act as physical templates for subsequent image transfer processes. Excessive roughness transfer into the hardmask layer due to insufficient resist thickness or inadequate etch resistance originates from striation propagation from the resist layer into the hardmask layer. In the case of fluorine-containing materials, a decreased etch resistance and reduced initial film thickness values give rise to critical underlayer roughening during plasma etch. Based on the results shown, it is predicted that advanced resist systems for 157 nm lithography and beyond will require the use of ARC layers with built-in hardmask properties in those particular cases in which patterning of deep trenches is needed, in order to maintain LER values within acceptable levels.
Design, technology, and behavior of a silicon avalanche cathode (1986)

The phenomenon of avalanche breakdown in silicon devices is often accompanied by a current into insulating layers leading to serious degradation, on the one hand, or to practical use in nonvolatile memories on the other hand. By injection of hot electrons towards the gate of a metal-oxide semiconductor (MOS) device, the oxide and/or floating gate is charged. The large initial current is rapidly reduced by this space charge. By removing the oxide at the site of injection, in a structure optimized for its purpose, the electron current can be injected into vacuum. Lowering the work function with, e.g., cesium enhances the vacuum current several orders of magnitude to levels where it can be of practical use. This use is demonstrated in a simple (small) TV tube which already operates hundreds of hours without appreciable degradation. Basic principles and design aspects as well as technological aspects are discussed.
2009 Pandemic H1N1 Influenza Virus Causes Disease and Upregulation of Genes Related to Inflammatory and Immune Responses, Cell Death, and Lipid Metabolism in Pigs (2011)

There exists limited information about whether adaptation is needed for cross-species transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (pH1N1). Here, we compare the pathogenesis of two pH1N1 viruses, one derived from a human patient (A/CA/04/09 [CA09]) and the other from swine (A/swine/Alberta/25/2009 [Alb09]), with that of the 1918-like classical swine influenza virus (A/swine/Iowa/1930 [IA30]) in the pig model. Both pH1N1 isolates induced clinical symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, decreased activity, fever, and labored breathing in challenged pigs, but IA30 virus did not cause any clinical symptoms except fever. Although both the pH1N1 viruses and the IA30 virus caused lung lesions, the pH1N1 viruses were shed from the nasal cavities of challenged pigs whereas the IA30 virus was not. Global gene expression analysis indicated that transcriptional responses of the viruses were distinct. pH1N1-infected pigs had an upregulation of genes related to inflammatory and immune responses at day 3 postinfection that was not seen in the IA30 infection, and expression levels of genes related to cell death and lipid metabolism at day 5 postinfection were markedly different from those of IA30 infection. These results indicate that both pH1N1 isolates are more virulent due in part to differences in the host transcriptional response during acute infection. Our study also indicates that pH1N1 does not need prior adaptation to infect pigs, has a high potential to be maintained in naïve swine populations, and might reassort with currently circulating swine influenza viruses.
Effect of L-buthionine sulfoximine on the radiation response of human renal carcinoma cell lines (1993)

RCC have a differential pattern of radiosensitivity. BSO treatment causes moderate radiosensitization of the relatively radioresistant renal tumor cells.
Diagnostics of low temperature laser induced plasmas using Thomson Scattering and emission spectroscopy (2010)

Poster
A general methodology for three‐dimensional analysis of variation in target volume delineation (1999)

A generic method for three-dimensional (3-D) evaluation of target volume delineation in multiple imaging modalities is presented. The evaluation includes geometrical and statistical methods to estimate observer differences and variability in defining the Gross Tumor Volume (GTV) in relation to the diagnostic CT and MRI modalities. The geometrical method is based on mapping the 3-D shape of the target volume to a scalar representation, thus enabling a one-dimensional statistical analysis. The statistical method distinguishes observer and modality related uncertainties, which are expressed in terms of three error components: random observer deviations, systematic observer differences, and systematic modality differences. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the standard errors of each of the three model parameters are inversely proportional to the square root of the product of the patient group size and the number of observers and proportional to the intraobserver variation. For 18 patients and 3 observers the standard errors of the estimated systematic modality and observer differences are 19% and 14% of the intraobserver standard deviation, respectively. A scalar representation of the shape of the prostate, delineated by 3 observers for 18 patients, was obtained by sampling the distance between the average center of gravity of the prostate in CT and the prostate surface for a large number of directions (2500), using polar coordinates. Observer variability and differences were obtained by applying the statistical method to the samples independently. The intraobserver variation for CT was largest in regions near the seminal vesicles (s.d: 3 mm) and the apex (s.d: 3 mm). The systematic observer variation in CT was largest in a region near the plexus Santorini, at the caudal-anterior side of the prostate (s.d.: 2 mm). The sensitivity for the choice of origin was tested by using the average center of gravity from axial MRI instead of CT. The results were almost identical. The polar map measures distances in the scanning directions. A correction procedure to get the variability in directions perpendicular to the surface of the prostate yielded variations that were a factor of 0.85 smaller for all directions. It is concluded that by separating the shape evaluation in a geometrical and a statistical part, the complexity of the analysis of 3-D shape differences can be significantly reduced. The method was successfully applied to a group of prostate patients, where we demonstrated that delineation variability is nonhomogeneous, with the largest variations occurring near the seminal vesicles and the apex.
Assessment of diastolic dysfunction in the transplanted heart with analysis of pixel-based deformation fields on CMR (2013)

Background Diastolic dysfunction is often used as a marker for allograft rejection and may even precede systolic abnormalities. However, diastolic indices provided by echocardiography can be of inconsistent quality with low sensitivities. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with high temporal resolution cine imaging offers an alternate noninvasive method for evaluating ventricular function. The purpose of this study is to describe CMR LV diastology indices in a cohort of heart transplant patients, comparing CMR results to echocardiography. Methods
Potential Role of an Endothelium-Specific Growth Factor, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, on Endothelial Damage in Diabetes (1997)

Endothelial cells are known to secrete various antiproliferative and vasodilating factors. Although injury of endothelial cells has been postulated as an initial trigger of the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes, the mechanisms of endothelial injury in diabetes are not yet clarified. Therefore, it is important to know the effects of high glucose on the factors that may influence endothelial cell growth. A novel member of endothelium-specific growth factors, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), is produced in vascular cells. To investigate the effects of high glucose on vascular cells, we examined 1) the effects of high glucose on endothelial cell and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) growth and 2) the effects of high glucose on local HGF production in endothelial cell and VSMC. Treatment of human aortic endothelial cell with a high concentration of D-glucose, but not mannitol and L-glucose, resulted in a significant decrease in cell number. Interestingly, addition of recombinant HGF attenuated high D-glucose-induced endothelial cell death. Therefore, we measured local HGF secretion of endothelial cell. Importantly, local HGF production was significantly decreased by high D-glucose treatment. In contrast, high D-glucose treatment resulted in a significant increase in the number of human aortic VSMCs, whereas local HGF production was significantly decreased in accordance with increase in D-glucose concentration. No significant changes in numbers were observed in VSMC treated with high mannitol and L-glucose. We also studied the mechanisms of local HGF suppression by high D-glucose. High D-glucose treatment stimulated transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) concentration in endothelial cell and VSMC. Decreased local vascular HGF production was abolished by addition of anti-TGF-beta antibody. As TGF-beta inhibited local HGF production in endothelial cell and VSMC, increased TGF-beta induced by high D-glucose may suppress local HGF production. This study demonstrated that high D-glucose induced endothelial cell death, stimulated VSMC growth, and decreased local HGF production through the stimulation of TGF-beta production both in endothelial cell and VSMC. Overall, decrease in a local endothelial stimulant, HGF, by high D-glucose may be a trigger of endothelial injury in diabetes, potentially resulting in the progression of atherosclerosis.