gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Rare Inflammatory Kidney Diseases: Drugs Targeting the Terminal Complement Pathway (2020)

The complement system comprises the frontline of the innate immune system. Triggered by pathogenic surface patterns in different pathways, the cascade concludes with the formation of a membrane attack complex (MAC; complement components C5b to C9) and C5a, a potent anaphylatoxin that elicits various inflammatory signals through binding to C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1). Despite its important role in pathogen elimination, priming and recruitment of myeloid cells from the immune system, as well as crosstalk with other physiological systems, inadvertent activation of the complement system can result in self-attack and overreaction in autoinflammatory diseases. Consequently, it constitutes an interesting target for specialized therapies. The paradigm of safe and efficacious terminal complement pathway inhibition has been demonstrated by the approval of eculizumab in paroxysmal nocturnal hematuria. In addition, complement contribution in rare kidney diseases, such as lupus nephritis, IgA nephropathy, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, C3 glomerulopathy, or antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis has been demonstrated. This review summarizes the involvement of the terminal effector agents of the complement system in these diseases and provides an overview of inhibitors for complement components C5, C5a, C5aR1, and MAC that are currently in clinical development. Furthermore, a link between increased complement activity and lung damage in severe COVID-19 patients is discussed and the potential for use of complement inhibitors in COVID-19 is presented.
Myopia – A 21st Century Public Health Issue (2019)

10.1167/iovs.18-25983
Supplemental Figures 1 - 7 from EGFR Mutations and Resistance to Irreversible Pyrimidine-Based EGFR Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures 1 - 7. Figure S1. Sequence tracings from WZ4002 resistant Ba/F3 cells demonstrating EGFR L718Q, C797S and L844V mutations. Figure S2. EGFR Del19 Ba/F3 cells alone or expressing EGFR L718Q were treated with EGF. Figure S3. Structure of TX 2-30. Figure S4. Impact of EGFR L718Q and L844V on sensitivity to WZ4002 and quinazoline based EGFR inhibitors Figure S5. Impact of EGFR Q791R mutation. Figure S6. EGFR L718Q and L844V cause resistance in trans in EGFR mutant NSCLC cell lines. Figure S7. Evaluation of cetuximab on EGFR dimerization and growth in EGFR C797S expressing cells.&lt;/p&gt;
High-Resolution Direction Finding and Scan-Free Spectrum Estimation with Rotational-Shear Interferometric Sensor Arrays (2002)

In this paper we investigate the application of a rotational-shear interferometer, toward the problem of simultaneously estimating the directions of well-localized sources, and their spectral profiles. Rotational shear makes possible the acquisition of a spectrum estimate, without the mechanical scan required in using a Michelson interferometer in Fourier-transform spectroscopy. The spectrum and angle estimates are obtained computationally. The interferometric data enables the application of super-resolution direction-finding techniques commonly used in radar and sonar array processing.
<title>Perceptual linearization of video-display monitors for medical image presentation</title> (1994)

The perceptual linearization of video display monitors plays a significant role in medical image presentation. First, it allows the maximum transfer of information to the human observer. Second, for an image to be perceived as similarly as possible when seen on different displays, the two displays must be standardized. Third, perceptual linearization allows us to calculate the perceived dynamic range of the display device, which allows comparison of the maximum inherent contrast resolution of different devices. This paper provides insight into the process of perceptual linearization by decomposing it into the digital driving level to monitor luminance relationship, the monitor luminance to human brightness perception relationship, and the construction of a linearization function derived from these two relationships. We compare and contrast the results of previous work with recent experiments in our laboratory and related work in vision and computer science. Based on these analyses we give recommendations for using existing methods when appropriate, and propose new methods or suggest additional work where the current methods fall sort. Finally, we summarize the significant issues from all three component areas.
An overmoded 140 GHz, 1 kW quasioptical gyro-twt with an internal mode converter (2009)

The design and experimental study of a 140 GHz, 1 kW gyro-traveling wave tube (Gyro-TWT) operating in the HE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">06</sub> mode of a confocal waveguide is presented. A combination of quasioptical gain sections with dielectric loaded severs enables high gain operation with mode selectivity. A nanosecond-scale 120 mW pulse driver at 140 GHz was demonstrated. This input driver pulse will be amplified by the Gyro-TWT and the resulting output high-power short pulse will be transmitted to an EPR spectrometer probe. A quasioptical mode converter utilized to transform the higher order operating confocal mode into a Gaussian-like beam was designed and cold tested. The simulated and measured Gaussian beam patterns of the output mode converter are in good agreement.
Prediction-driven computational auditory scene analysis (1996)

The sound of a busy environment, such as a city street, gives rise to a perception of numerous distinct events in a human listener--the 'auditory scene analysis' of the acoustic information. Recent advances in the understanding of this process from experimental psychoacoustics have led to several efforts to build a computer model capable of the same function. This work is known as 'computational auditory scene analysis'. The dominant approach to this problem has been as a sequence of modules, the output of one forming the input to the next. Sound is converted to its spectrum, cues are picked out, and representations of the cues are grouped into an abstract description of the initial input. This 'data-driven' approach has some specific weaknesses in comparison to the auditory system: it will interpret a given sound in the same way regardless of its context, and it cannot 'infer' the presence of a sound for which direct evidence is hidden by other components. The 'prediction-driven' approach is presented as an alternative, in which analysis is a process of reconciliation between the observed acoustic features and the predictions of an internal model of the sound-producing entities in the environment. In this way, predicted sound events will form part of the scene interpretation as long as they are consistent with the input sound, regardless of whether direct evidence is found. A blackboard-based implementation of this approach is described which analyzes dense, ambient sound examples into a vocabulary of noise clouds, transient clicks, and a correlogram-based representation of wide-band periodic energy called the weft. The system is assessed through experiments that firstly investigate subjects' perception of distinct events in ambient sound examples, and secondly collect quality judgments for sound events resynthesized by the system. Although rated as far from perfect, there was good agreement between the events detected by the model and by the listeners. In addition, the experimental procedure does not depend on special aspects of the algorithm (other than the generation of resyntheses), and is applicable to the assessment and comparison of other models of human auditory organization.
Single polarization, single transverse mode, and widely tunable narrow-linewidth laser from a multimode vertical cavity surface-emitting laser by use of a coupled cavity (2005)

A simple method for achieving a widely tunable narrow-linewidth, single polarization state and single transverse mode lasing oscillation from a commercially available multimode vertical cavity surface-emitting laser by use of a coupled cavity is reported. The laser has a wavelength tuning range of more than 5 nm along 850 nm, a side-mode suppression ratio of approximately 15 dB, and an output power of approximately 0.3 mW from a 50-microm multimode optical fiber at a bias current of 15 mA. The laser was operated in a single state of polarization lasing oscillation without any polarization switching.
Inexact Fuzzy Full-Infinite Mixed-Integer Programming Method for an Integrated Air and Waste Management System (2011)

Inexact fuzzy full-infinite mixed-integer programming (IFFMIP) was proposed as an extension of inexact full-infinite programming. It can deal with the uncertainties that exist in most of the parameters as intervals, economic data as functional intervals, fuzzy set in capacity constraint, and discrete variables in a facility-expansion plan. Although many models for dealing with waste planning and the air quality management problem exist, this is the first attempt to integrate waste flow allocation and an air quality control system. The proposed model was applied in an integrated air and waste management system. It can solve the waste allocation plan and air quality control, and reflect the interaction between these two systems. The solutions from the proposed IFFMIP model indicate that a landfill would be the first choice in period 1, whereas an incinerator would become the main approach for waste disposal at the end of the planning horizon. This is because of the increasingly strict environmental standards and loading capacity of SO2 for industries, upon which waste planning prefers less operation costs for waste disposal. The solutions reflected the tradeoff between the environment and system cost. To control air quality at a safe level, the system must be willing to pay more operating costs; however, a desire to reduce the costs will run into the risk of potentially violating the emissions and/or ambient air quality standards.
Antifungal Activity of <I>Diplotaenia damavandica</I> (2000)

The constituents and antifungal activity of Diplotaenia damavandica, a rare native plant growing in Iran, were investigated.



A methanolic extract of D. damavandica was obtained. The fractionation and isolation of the components was performed using column chromatography and HPLC. Bioassayguided isolation of the extract led to the purification of four coumarin compounds, angelicin, libanorin, psoralen and auraptene. The antifungal activity against Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans and Cladosporium cucumerinum was tested. The cytotoxicity of the fractions against the human KB cell line was evaluated.



We conclude that the main antifungal component of D. damavandica is an angular furanocoumarin. The antifungal activity and low cytotoxicity of angelicin make it a potentially useful target for further research.
Concordance of Radiographic and Pathologic Responses in Total Hepatectomy Specimens of Patients Undergoing Liver Transplant for Colorectal Liver Metastases (2023)

Chavez Villa, Mariana MD; Ruffolo, Luis MD; Pineda-Solis, Karen MD; Tomiyama, Koji MD; Raj, Roma; Kwon, Choon Hyuck D MD, PhD FACS; Hashimoto, Koji MD, PhD FACS; Aucejo, Federico MD; Hernandez-Alejandro, Roberto MD, FACS Author Information
Type II quasi-phase matching in waveguide parametric down converter for quantum information technologies (2006)

We demonstrate a quasi-phase matched Type II parametric down converter with adhered ridge waveguide for quantum information technology. The SHG normalized conversion efficiency was 250 %/W at 1.53848 mum for QPM period of 8.0 mum.
New Hydrajet Tool Demonstrates Improved Life for Perforating and Fracturing Applications (2008)

Abstract Hydrajet perforating and fracturing has recently gained popularity in the oilfield industry, especially when used with coiled tubing (CT). With coiled tubing, the task of placing many cuts at multiple places becomes straightforward and no longer time consuming. However, hydrajetting equipment life has been plagued with rapid failures, resulting in the need for time-consuming and costly tripping out and in the hole for jetting tool replacement. To reduce or eliminate such tripping costs, substantial improvements of the hydrajetting tools are required. A mere change of materials or a redesign using concepts that follow the customary models has resulted in insignificant performance improvements. It was therefore decided that a complete overhaul of the design concepts needed to be made. By doing this, substantial improvements can be obtained. This paper discusses unique improvements that have been made to the hydrajetting tools. The new tools address the aspects that have contributed to failures in the past. By taking a fresh perspective of this situation, a performance improvement of 200–300% can be attained. Recent perforating and stimulation experiences in the field demonstrate this and are discussed.
Collagenous and lymphocytic colitis: subject review and therapeutic alternatives. (1995)

Collagenous and lymphocytic colitis are uncommon but important causes of chronic diarrhea which are important to diagnose and treat.
JNK regulates binding of α‐catenin to adherens junctions and cell‐cell adhesion (2010)

We recently reported that c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) is associated with adherens junctions and phosphorylates β-catenin at serine 33/37 and threonine 41. Here, we report that inhibition of JNK led to formation of adherens junctions, which was accompanied by dissociation of α-catenin from the β-catenin/E-cadherin complex and increased association of α-catenin with the cytoskeleton. Conversely, activation of JNK increased binding of α-catenin to β-catenin, which was blocked by the JNK inhibitor SP600125 or JNK siRNA. In addition, inhibition of JNK failed to lead to adherens junction formation in cells where α-catenin was absent or knocked down. Conversely, introduction of α-catenin restored the responsiveness of cells to JNK inhibition and led to cell-cell adhesion. Experiments with domain deletion mutants showed that binding of α-catenin to β-catenin was required for transport of adherens junction complexes to the cell surface, while binding to actin was required for translocation to the cell-cell contact sites. Collectively, our results suggest that JNK affects the association of α-catenin with the adherens junction complex and regulates adherens junctions.
Homogeneity as an advantage: it takes a community to protect an application (2010)

We examine how to turn the scale of a large homogeneous software deployment from an operational and security disadvantage into an advantageous application community that can detect, diagnose, and recover from its own operational faults and malicious attacks. We propose a system called VERNIER that provides a virtualized execution environment in conjunction with collaborative diagnosis and response functions using a knowledge-sharing infrastructure. We report on the preliminary implementation of the system, its experimental evaluation, and lessons learned during development.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Synthesis of 2‐Methoxyestradiol, an Endogenous Metabolite of Estradiol Which Inhibits Tubulin Polymerization by Binding to the Colchicine Binding Site. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Accreditation of Spanish engineering programs, first experiences. The case of the Terrassa School of Engineering (2016)

&lt;p class="Textoindependiente21"&gt;The implementation of the European Space for Higher Education has entailed new requirements for Spanish Higher Education Programs. Regulations (RD 1393, 2007) stablish that university programs, in order to have official validity, must be submitted to an external evaluation process before their official implementation, denominated Validation, and to an ex-post process or Accreditation. Terrassa School of Engineering (EET) was one of the first schools in Spain to adapt to the European Space for Higher Education, in the academic period 2009-10 and then, one of the first university institutions submitted to an accreditation process. In this communication, the important role of the Internal Quality Assurance System in the assessment of the school’s programs is exposed as well as the approach followed in the key steps of the process: Accreditation&lt;/p&gt;
Dijet Resonance Search with Weak Supervision Using s=13  TeV pp Collisions in the ATLAS Detector (2020)

This Letter describes a search for narrowly resonant new physics using a machine-learning anomaly detection procedure that does not rely on signal simulations for developing the analysis selection. Weakly supervised learning is used to train classifiers directly on data to enhance potential signals. The targeted topology is dijet events and the features used for machine learning are the masses of the two jets. The resulting analysis is essentially a three-dimensional search A→BC, for m_{A}∼O(TeV), m_{B},m_{C}∼O(100 GeV) and B, C are reconstructed as large-radius jets, without paying a penalty associated with a large trials factor in the scan of the masses of the two jets. The full run 2 sqrt[s]=13 TeV pp collision dataset of 139 fb^{-1} recorded by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider is used for the search. There is no significant evidence of a localized excess in the dijet invariant mass spectrum between 1.8 and 8.2 TeV. Cross-section limits for narrow-width A, B, and C particles vary with m_{A}, m_{B}, and m_{C}. For example, when m_{A}=3 TeV and m_{B}≳200 GeV, a production cross section between 1 and 5 fb is excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on m_{C}. For certain masses, these limits are up to 10 times more sensitive than those obtained by the inclusive dijet search. These results are complementary to the dedicated searches for the case that B and C are standard model bosons.
Adaptive eigenvalue decomposition algorithm for real time acoustic source localization system (1999)

To locate an acoustic source in a room, the relative delay between microphone pairs must be determined efficiently and accurately. However, most traditional time delay estimation (TDE) algorithms fail in reverberant environments. A new approach is proposed that takes into account the reverberation of the room. A real time PC-based TDE system running under Microsoft/sup TM/ Windows system was developed with three TDE techniques: classical cross-correlation, phase transform, and a new algorithm that is proposed in this paper. The system provides an interactive platform that allows users to compare performance of these algorithms.
Comparative strategies to induce long-term graft acceptance in fully allogeneic renal versus cardiac allograft models by CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory blockade (1998)

Blocking CD28-B7 T cell costimulatory activation by the fusion protein CTLA4Ig prevents rejection and induces long-term graft acceptance in various experimental transplant models. There are reported differences in the efficacy of CTLA4Ig in renal and cardiac rodent allograft models, but it is not clear whether these are due to the strain or species differences investigated in the different studies reported. This study investigates the effect of blocking CD28-B7 T cell costimulation with murine CTLA4Ig in rat models of acute renal and cardiac allograft rejection models, using the same complete major histocompatibility complex-incompatible strain combination. A single injection of murine CTLA4Ig 2 d after engraftment was able to induce long-term graft acceptance (> 100 d) in 54% of Lewis rat recipients of Wistar-Furth kidneys. Transferring this protocol into the acute Wistar-Furth to Lewis heart allograft model resulted in a mean graft survival time of 24.7+/-16.9 d, and all grafts were ultimately rejected. Only concomitant injection of donor cells (4 x 10(7) splenocytes) plus a single injection of CTLA4Ig on the day of transplant could induce long-term graft acceptance in 50% of animals. In both the cardiac and renal transplant models, the thymus and spleen were required for induction of tolerance. The maintenance phase of tolerance, however, did not require an intact thymus but did require the presence of a spleen. These data have important clinical applicability because human studies with T cell costimulatory blockade are being planned.
Assessment of Low Linear Energy Transfer Radiation–Induced Bystander Mutagenesis in a Three-Dimensional Culture Model (2005)

A three-dimensional cell culture model composed of human-hamster hybrid (A(L)) and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in multicellular clusters was used to investigate low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation-induced bystander genotoxicity. CHO cells were mixed with A(L) cells in a 1:5 ratio and briefly centrifuged to produce a spheroid of 4 x 10(6) cells. CHO cells were labeled with tritiated thymidine ([3H]dTTP) for 12 hours and subsequently incubated with A(L) cells for 24 hours at 11 degrees C. The short-range beta-particles emitted by [3H]dTTP result in self-irradiation of labeled CHO cells; thus, biological effects on neighboring A(L) cells can be attributed to the bystander response. Nonlabeled bystander A(L) cells were isolated from among labeled CHO cells by using a magnetic separation technique. Treatment of CHO cells with 100 microCi [3H]dTTP resulted in a 14-fold increase in bystander mutation incidence among neighboring A(L) cells compared with controls. Multiplex PCR analysis revealed the types of mutants to be significantly different from those of spontaneous origin. The free radical scavenger DMSO or the gap junction inhibitor Lindane within the clusters significantly reduced the mutation incidence. The use of A(L) cells that are dominant negative for connexin 43 and lack gap junction formation produced a complete attenuation of the bystander mutagenic response. These data provide evidence that low LET radiation can induce bystander mutagenesis in a three-dimensional model and that reactive oxygen species and intercellular communication may have a modulating role. The results of this study will address the relevant issues of actual target size and radiation quality and are likely to have a significant effect on our current understanding of radiation risk assessment.
TMX journal data base users manual (1986)

Information in the data base includes shot date and number, shot keyworks, time base, shot comments, shot parameters, shot vectors, attribute name and data, attribute parameters, attribute comments, channel data, channel parameters and channel comments. The primary purpose of the manual is to provide instruction on searching and scanning of data which summarizes the basic shot information in a meaningful way. (DWL)
Achieved Gain and Subjective Outcomes for a Wide-Bandwidth Contact Hearing Aid Fitted Using CAM2 (2018)

Participants used and reported subjective benefit from the Earlens system. Most participants preferred slightly less gain at 6 to 10 kHz than prescribed for experienced users by CAM2, preferring similar gains to those prescribed for inexperienced users, but gains over the extended high frequencies were high relative to those that are currently available with acoustic hearing aids.