gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of hepatic acute phase protein synthesis by products of interleukin 2 (IL 2)-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1987)

Cancer patients injected with recombinant human IL 2 develop marked changes in serum concentrations of hepatic acute-phase proteins. To determine if this acute-phase response involves a change in the rate of hepatic protein synthesis and if it is due to a direct effect of IL 2 on hepatocytes, human hepatoma-derived hepatocytes (Hep-3B cells) were incubated in medium containing IL 2 or in culture supernatants from IL 2-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). The rate of synthesis of two acute-phase proteins, complement protein factor B and albumin, was determined by the incorporation of a radiolabeled amino acid precursor into newly synthesized protein as measured by analytical gel electrophoresis of immunoprecipitates. IL 2 in concentrations from 1 to 1000 U/ml had no effect on the synthesis of factor B or albumin; conversely, there was a dose-dependent increase in the rate of synthesis of factor B and decrease in albumin synthesis mediated by culture supernatants of IL 2-activated PBMNC. The magnitude of the effect of acute-phase protein synthesis was dependent on the IL 2 concentration used for the activation of PBMNC. The rate of factor B synthesis increased approximately 4.0-fold in the presence of culture supernatants of PBMNC activated with either opsonized heat-killed Staphylococcus albus or with 1000 U/ml IL 2. Preincubation of the IL 2-activated PBMNC culture supernatants with an antiserum specific for recombinant IL 1-beta completely neutralized the capacity of the supernatants to stimulate factor B synthesis, whereas antisera specific for human IL 1-alpha or for tumor necrosis factor had no effect. These results indicate that the indirect effect of IL 2 on hepatic acute phase protein synthesis is mediated by IL 1-beta.
Decentralized Joint Precoding With Pilot-Aided Beamformer Estimation (2018)

Downlink beamforming techniques with low beamformer training overhead are proposed for joint processing (JP) coordinated multipoint transmission (CoMP). The objective is to maximize the weighted sum rate within joint transmission clusters without centralized beamformer processing, while accounting for uncertainty in the underlying channels. The proposed methods use time-division duplexing and pilot-based training with, possibly, nonorthogonal pilot sequences. The beamformer training is done without the explicit channel state information estimation, which greatly improves the robustness to pilot contamination. Best response and gradient-based decentralized algorithms are proposed and provide a tradeoff between computational complexity and fast convergence rate. The impact of feedback/backhaul quantization is also considered. The results show that JP CoMP is feasible with slow fading conditions and limited backhaul capacity by employing decentralized beamformer processing.
Requirement of the Familial Alzheimer's Disease Gene PS2 for Apoptosis (1996)

ALG-3, a truncated mouse homologue of the chromosome 1 familial Alzheimer's disease gene PS2, rescues T hybridoma 3DO cells from T-cell receptor-induced apoptosis by inhibiting Fas ligand induction and Fas signaling. Here we show that ALG-3 transfected 3DO cells express a COOH-terminal PS2 polypeptide. Overexpression of PS2 in ALG-3 transfected 3DO cells reconstitutes sensitivity to receptor-induced cell death, suggesting that the artificial PS2 polypeptide functions as a dominant negative mutant of PS2. ALG-3 and antisense PS2 protect PC12 cells from glutamate-induced apoptosis but not from death induced by hydrogen peroxide or the free radical MPP+. Thus, the PS2 gene is required for some forms of cell death in diverse cell types, and its function is opposed by ALG-3.
Understanding the impacts of anthropogenic sound on beaked whales (2023)

This review considers the effect of anthropogenic sound on beaked whales2. Two major conclusions are presented: (1) gas-bubble disease, induced in supersaturated tissue by a behavioural response to acoustic exposure, is a plausible pathologic mechanism for the morbidity and mortality seen in cetaceans associated with sonar exposure and merits further investigation; and (2) current monitoring and mitigation methods for beaked whales are ineffective for detecting these animals and protecting them from adverse sound exposure. In addition, four major research priorities, needed to address information gaps on the impacts of sound on beaked whales, are identified: (1) controlled exposure experiments to assess beaked whale responses to known sound stimuli; (2) investigation of physiology, anatomy, pathobiology and behaviour of beaked whales; (3) assessment of baseline diving behaviour and physiology of beaked whales; and (4) a retrospective review of beaked whale strandings.
Processing and modeling issues for thin-film solar cell devices: Annual subcontract report, January 16, 1995 -- January 15, 1996 (1996)

The overall mission of the Institute of Energy Conversion is the development of thin film photovoltaic cells, modules, and related manufacturing technology and the education of students and professionals in photovoltaic technology. The objectives of this four-year NREL subcontract are to advance the state of the art and the acceptance of thin film PV modules in the areas of improved technology for thin film deposition, device fabrication, and material and device characterization and modeling, relating to solar cells based on CuInSe{sub 2} and its alloys, on a-Si and its alloys, and on CdTe. In the area of CuInSe{sub 2} and its alloys, EEC researchers have produced CuIn{sub 1-x}GaxSe{sub 2} films by selenization of elemental and alloyed films with H{sub 2}Se and Se vapor and by a wide variety of process variations employing co-evaporation of the elements. Careful design, execution and analysis of these experiments has led to an improved understanding of the reaction chemistry involved, including estimations of the reaction rate constants. Investigation of device fabrication has also included studies of the processing of the Mo, US and ZnO deposition parameters and their influence on device properties. An indication of the success of these procedures was the fabrication of a 15% efficiency CuIn{sub 1-x}GaxSe{sub 2} solar cell.
A transporter for delivering zinc to the developing tiller bud and panicle in rice (2020)

Tiller number is one of the most important agronomic traits that determine rice (Oryza sativa) yield. Active growth of tiller bud (TB) requires high amount of mineral nutrients; however, the mechanism underlying the distribution of mineral nutrients to TB with low transpiration is unknown. Here, we found that the distribution of Zn to TB is mediated by OsZIP4, one of the ZIP (ZRT, IRT-like protein) family members. The expression of OsZIP4 was highly detected in TB and nodes, and was induced by Zn deficiency. Immunostaining analysis revealed that OsZIP4 was mainly expressed in phloem of diffuse vascular bundles in the nodes and the axillary meristem. The mutation of OsZIP4 did not affect the total Zn uptake, but altered Zn distribution; less Zn was delivered to TB and new leaf, but more Zn was retained in the basal stems at the vegetative growth stage. Bioimaging analysis showed that the mutant aberrantly accumulated Zn in enlarged and transit vascular bundles of the basal node, whereas in wild-type high accumulation of Zn was observed in the meristem part. At the reproductive stage, mutation of OsZIP4 resulted in delayed panicle development, which is associated with decreased Zn distribution to the panicles. Collectively, OsZIP4 is involved in transporting Zn to the phloem of diffuse vascular bundles in the nodes for subsequent distribution to TBs and other developing tissues. It also plays a role in transporting Zn to meristem cells in the TBs.
Extracorporeal Photochemotherapy: Mechanistic Insights Driving Recent Advances and Future Directions. (2020)

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells, necessary for the initiation and maintenance of antigen-specific immunity and tolerance. Decades of research have been driven by hopes to harness the immunological capabilities of DCs and achieve physiological partnership with the immune system for therapeutic ends. Potential applications for DC-based immunotherapy include treatments for cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. However, DCs have poor availability in peripheral and lymphoid tissues and have poor survivability in culture, leading to the development of multiple strategies to generate and manipulate large numbers of DCs <i>ex vivo</i>. Among these is Extracorporeal Photopheresis (ECP), a widely used cancer immunotherapy. Recent advancements have uncovered that stimulation of monocyte-to-DC maturation via physiologic inflammatory signaling lies at the mechanistic core of ECP. Here, we describe the landscape of DC-based immunotherapy, the historical context of ECP, the current mechanistic understanding of <i>ex vivo</i> monocyte-to-DC maturation in ECP, and the implications of this understanding on making scientifically driven improvements to modern ECP protocols and devices.
A high resolution two-stage sigma-delta ADC based on a new calibration method (2002)

This paper describes a new high resolution Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) dedicated to implantable biomedical sensors. The ADC is based on a two stage over-sampling sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) architecture. The three main features of the proposed ADC are high resolution, low area and reduced energy consumption. An adaptive algorithm is employed to optimize the above mentioned parameters. It allows the calibration of the analog and digital components mismatching and the internal employed Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC). The simulations show that the proposed converter reaches an 18 bits resolution for a 25 kHz bandwidth running at a 1.6 MHz over-sampling frequency.
Out-of-Plane Photoreorientation of Azo Dyes in Polymer Thin Films Studied by Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy (2002)

The out-of-plane photoreorientation in azo dye modified polymer thin films was investigated by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR) and optical waveguide spectroscopy (WS). A styrene copolymer with covalently linked azo dye derivatives was used in order to measure changes in the molecular orientation during irradiation with polarized visible light. The covalent linkage of the azo moiety to polymer chain is found to be efficient in the reorientation process due to the suppression of the rotational diffusion. The measurement by four kinds of optical arrangement in SPR and WS results in the determination of the three independent refractive index components. Using this powerful technique for the evaluation of photoreorientation processes in polymer thin films, especially orientation normal to the film, we found that azo molecules preferentially align with the direction normal to the film plane.
Alarming India‐wide phenomenon of antifungal resistance in dermatophytes: A multicentre study (2020)

The high frequencies of terbinafine resistance in dermatophytes are worrisome and demand monitoring and further research. Squalene epoxidase substitutions between Leu393 and Ser443 could serve as markers of resistance in the future.
Anti-CEA Antibody Fragments Labeled with [18F]AlF for PET Imaging of CEA-Expressing Tumors (2014)

A facile and rapid method to label peptides with (18)F based on chelation of [(18)F]AlF has been developed recently. Since this method requires heating to 100 °C, it cannot be used to label heat-sensitive proteins. Here, we used a two-step procedure to prepare (18)F-labeled heat-labile proteins using the [(18)F]AlF method based on hot maleimide conjugation. 1,4,7-Triazacyclononae-1,4-diacetate (NODA) containing a methyl phenylacetic acid group (MPA) functionalized with N-(2-aminoethyl)maleimide (EM) was used as a ligand which was labeled with [(18)F]AlF and then conjugated to the humanized anti-CEA antibody derivatives hMN-14-Fab', hMN-14-(scFv)2 (diabody), and a Dock-and-Lock engineered dimeric fragment hMN-14 Fab-AD2 at room temperature. The in vivo tumor targeting characteristics of the (18)F-labeled antibody derivatives were determined by PET imaging of mice with s.c. xenografts. NODA-MPAEM was radiolabeled with [(18)F]AlF at a specific activity of 29-39 MBq/nmol and a labeling efficiency of 94 ± 2%. The labeling efficiencies of the maleimide conjugation ranged from 70% to 77%, resulting in [(18)F]AlF-labeled hMN14-Fab', hMN14-Fab-AD2, or hMN14-diabody with a specific activity of 15-17 MBq/nmol. The radiolabeled conjugates were purified by gel filtration. For biodistribution and microPET imaging, antibody fragments were injected intravenously into BALB/c nude mice with s.c. CEA-expressing LS174T xenografts (right flank) and CEA-negative SK-RC-52 xenografts (left flank). All [(18)F]AlF-labeled conjugates showed specific uptake in the LS174T xenografts with a maximal tumor uptake of 4.73% ID/g at 4 h after injection. Uptake in CEA-negative SK-RC-52 xenografts was significantly lower. Tumors were clearly visualized on microPET images. Using a [(18)F]AlF-labeled maleimide functionalized chelator, antibody fragments could be radiofluorinated within 4 h at high specific activity. Here, we translated this method to preclinical PET imaging studies and showed feasibility of [(18)F]AlF-fluorinated hMN-14-Fab', [(18)F]AlF-hMN-14-Fab-AD2, and [(18)F]AlF-hMN-14-diabody for microPET imaging of CEA-expressing colonic cancer.
Radiopeptide Therapy using Lu-177 3BP-227 in a Patient with Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2015)

1235 Objectives Neurotensin receptor subtype-1 (NTR1) is overexpressed in metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which has a very poor prognosis. Lu-177 labeled 3BP-227, an NTR1 antagonist, has been tested in preclinical models with promising results. We demonstrate dosimetric results in a case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma, treated with Lu-177 3BP-227. Methods 59 year-old female patient with newly-diagnosed adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic head and lymph node metastases as well as peritoneal carcinosis with massive ascites (requiring thrice weekly asites tapping), s.p. 7 cycles of chemotherapy, received 1400 MBq Lu-177 3BP-227. Dosimetry was performed according to the MIRD scheme and using OLINDA/EXM software to estimate the dose to whole body, normal organs and metastases. Blood samples were drawn to determine the blood kinetics and to estimate the absorbed dose to red marrow. Results Administration of Lu-177 3BP-227 was well tolerated without any significant adverse effects. Post-therapy planar and SPECT/CT images demonstrated significant uptake in the primary tumor. The whole body uptake showed a bi-exponential decline, half-lives being 5.8h and 30.5h. The kidneys followed an exponential clearance with a half-life of 50h. The primary tumor showed an exponential decline with half-life of 40h. The following mean absorbed doses were calculated: whole body: 0.1Gy, kidneys: 1.5Gy, primary: 1Gy, red marrow was 0.12Gy. Follow-up CT 8 weeks after therapy demonstrated a decrease in size of the primary tumor. There was no significant fall in the blood counts and serum creatinine or any of the other laboratory parameters. Conclusions Radiopeptide therapy with higher activity of Lu-177 3BP-227 is feasible in adenocarcinoma of the pancreas with exhaustion of therapy options. Lu-177 3BP-227 holds great promise for treatment of this highly aggressive cancer.
Regulation of the MLH1-MLH3 endonuclease in meiosis (2020)

Summary During prophase of the first meiotic division, cells deliberately break their DNA. These DNA breaks are repaired by homologous recombination, which facilitates proper chromosome segregation and enables reciprocal exchange of DNA segments between homologous chromosomes, thus promoting genetic diversity in the progeny 1 . A successful completion of meiotic recombination requires nucleolytic processing of recombination intermediates. Genetic and cellular data implicated a pathway dependent on the putative MLH1-MLH3 (MutLγ) nuclease in generating crossovers, but mechanisms that lead to its activation were unclear 2–4 . Here, we have biochemically reconstituted key elements of this pro-crossover pathway. First, we show that human MSH4-MSH5 (MutSγ), which was known to support crossing over 5–7 , binds branched recombination intermediates and physically associates with MutLγ. This helps stabilize the ensemble at joint molecule structures and adjacent dsDNA. Second, we show that MutSγ directly stimulates DNA cleavage by the MutLγ endonuclease, which demonstrates a novel and unexpected function for MutSγ in triggering crossing-over. Third, we find that MutLγ activity is further stimulated by EXO1, but only when MutSγ is present. Fourth, we also identify the replication factor C (RFC) and the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as additional components of the nuclease ensemble, and show that S. cerevisiae strains expressing PIP box-mutated MutLγ present striking defects in forming crossovers. Finally, we show that the MutLγ-MutSγ-EXO1-RFC-PCNA nuclease ensemble preferentially cleaves DNA with Holliday junctions, but shows no canonical resolvase activity. Instead, the multilayered nuclease ensemble likely processes meiotic recombination intermediates by nicking dsDNA adjacent to junction points 8 . Since DNA nicking by MutLγ is dependent on its co-factors, the asymmetric distribution of MutSγ and RFC/PCNA on meiotic recombination intermediates may drive biased DNA cleavage. This unique mode of MutLγ nuclease activation might explain crossover-specific processing of Holliday junctions within the meiotic chromosomal context 3, 9 .
Evaluation of a spasmolytic cocktail to prevent radial artery spasm during coronary procedures (2003)

Radial artery spasm is a frequent complication of the transradial approach for coronary angiography and angioplasty. Recently, we have been able to quantify spasm using the automatic pullback device. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an intra-arterial vasodilating cocktail in reducing the incidence and severity of radial artery spasm. A hundred patients undergoing coronary procedures via the radial artery were divided into two groups of 50 each. Patients in group A received intra-arterial cocktail (5 mg of verapamil plus 200 micro g nitroglycerine in 10 ml of normal saline), while patients in group B did not receive any vasodilating drug. The pullback device was used for sheath removal at the end of the procedure. Seven (14%) patients in group A experienced pain (i.e., pain score of III-V) during automatic sheath removal, as compared to 17 (34%) in group B (P = 0.019). The mean pain score was significantly lower in group A than in group B (1.7 +/- 0.94 vs. 2.08 +/- 1.07; P = 0.03). The maximal pullback force (MPF) was also significantly lower for group A (0.53 +/- 0.52 kg; range, 0.10-3.03 kg) as compared to group B (0.76 +/- 0.45 kg; range, 0.24-1.99 kg; P = 0.013). Only 4 (8%) patients in group A had an MPF value greater than 1.0 kg, suggesting the presence of significant radial artery spasm, as opposed to 11 (22%) in group B (P = 0.029). Administration of an intra-arterial vasodilating cocktail prior to sheath insertion reduces the occurrence and severity of radial artery spasm.
Updated Worldwide Survey on the Methods, Efficacy, and Safety of Catheter Ablation for Human Atrial Fibrillation (2009)

When analyzed in a large number of electrophysiology laboratories worldwide, catheter ablation of AF shows to be effective in approximately 80% of patients after 1.3 procedures per patient, with approximately 70% of them not requiring further antiarrhythmic drugs during intermediate follow-up.
Ultra-Wideband Antenna with MIMO Diversity for 5G Wireless Communication (2020)

An eight element, compact Ultra Wideband-Multiple Input Multiple Output (UWB-MIMO) antenna capable of providing high data rates for future Fifth Generation (5G) terminal equipments along with the provision of necessary bandwidth for Third Generation (3G) and Fourth Generation (4G) communications that accomplishes band rejection from 4.85 to 6.35 GHz by deploying a Inductor Capacitor (LC) stub on the ground plane is presented. The incorporated stub also provides flexibility to reject any selected band as well as bandwidth control. The orthogonal placement of the printed monopoles permits polarization diversity and provides high isolation. In the proposed eight element UWB-MIMO/diversity antenna, monopole pair 3-4 are 180o mirrored transform of monopole pair 1-2 which lie on the opposite corners of a planar 50 x 50 mm2 substrate. Four additional monopoles are then placed perpendicularly to the same board leading to a total size of 50 x 50 x 25 mm3 only. The simulated results are validated by comparing the measurements of a fabricated prototype. It was concluded that the design meets the target specifications over the entire bandwidth of 2 to 12 GHz with a reflection coefficient better than -10 dB (except the rejected band), isolation more than 17 dB, low envelope correlation, low gain variation, stable radiation pattern, and strong rejection of the signals in the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) band. Overall, compact and reduced complexity of the proposed eight element architecture, strengthens its practical viability for the diversity applications in future 5G terminal equipments amongst other MIMO antennas designs present in the literature.
Elucidating the role of keratin 75 in enamel using Krt75tm1Der knock-in mouse model (2022)

Keratin 75 (K75) was recently discovered in ameloblasts and enamel organic matrix. Carriers of A161T substitution in K75 present with the skin condition <i>Pseudofollicullitis barbae</i>. This mutation is also associated with high prevalence of caries and compromised structural and mechanical properties of enamel. Krt75<sup>tm1Der</sup> knock-in mouse (KI) with deletion of Asn159, located two amino acids away from KRT75<sup>A161T</sup>, can be a potential model for studying the role of K75 in enamel and the causes of the higher caries susceptibility associated with KRT75<sup>A161T</sup> mutation. To test the hypotheses that KI enamel is more susceptible to a simulated acid attack (SAA), and has altered structural and mechanical properties, we conducted <i>in vitro</i> SAA experiments, microCT, and microhardness analyses on 1st molars of one-month-old WT and KI mice. KI and WT hemimandibles were subjected to SAA and contralateral hemimandibles were used as controls. Changes in enamel porosity were assessed by immersion of the hemimandibles in rhodamine, followed by fluorescent microscopy analysis. Fluorescence intensity of KI enamel after SSA was significantly higher than in WT, indicating that KI enamel is more susceptible to acid attack. MicroCT analysis of 1st molars revealed that while enamel volumes were not significantly different, enamel mineral density was significantly lower in KI, suggesting a potential defect of enamel maturation. Microhardness tests revealed that in KI enamel is softer than in WT, and potentially less resilient to damages. These results suggest that the KI enamel can be used as a model to study the role of K75 in enamel.
A Phenazaborin-Based High-Efficiency Blue Delayed Fluorescence Material (2015)

Abstract A highly efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material based on phenazaborin and spiroacridan units was developed. A blue-emitting organic light-emitting diode containing the phenazaborin derivative as a TADF emitter exhibited a high external electroluminescence quantum efficiency of 18.2%.