gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The rationale for Heart Team decision-making for patients with stable, complex coronary artery disease (2013)

Stable complex coronary artery disease can be treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or medical therapy. Multidisciplinary decision-making has gained more emphasis over the recent years to select the most optimal treatment strategy for individual patients with stable complex coronary artery disease. However, the so-called 'Heart Team' concept has not been widely implemented. Yet, decision-making has shown to remain suboptimal; there is large variability in PCI-to-CABG ratios, which may predominantly be the consequence of physician-related factors that have raised concerns regarding overuse, underuse, and inappropriate selection of revascularization. In this review, we summarize these and additional data to support the statement that a multidisciplinary Heart Team consisting of at least a clinical/non-invasive cardiologist, interventional cardiologist, and cardiac surgeon, can together better analyse and interpret the available diagnostic evidence, put into context the clinical condition of the patient as well as consider individual preference and local expertise, and through shared decision-making with the patient can arrive at a most optimal joint treatment strategy recommendation for patients with stable complex coronary artery disease. In addition, other aspects of Heart Team decision-making are discussed: the organization and logistics, involvement of physicians, patients, and assisting personnel, the need for validation, and its limitations.
Meningococcal Omp85 in Detergent‐Extracted Outer Membrane Vesicle Vaccines Induces High Levels of Non‐Functional Antibodies in Mice (2013)

The vaccine potential of meningococcal Omp85 was studied by comparing the immune responses of genetically modified deoxycholate-extracted outer membrane vesicles, expressing five-fold higher levels of Omp85, with wild-type vesicles. Groups (n = 6-12) of inbred and outbred mouse strains (Balb/c, C57BL/6, OFI and NMRI) were immunized with the two vaccines, and the induced antibody levels and bactericidal and opsonic activities measured. Except for Balb/c mice, which were low responders, the genetically modified vaccine raised high Omp85 antibody levels in all mouse strains. In comparison, the wild-type vaccine gave lower antibody levels, but NMRI mice responded to this vaccine with the same high levels as the modified vaccine in the other strains. Although the vaccines induced strain-dependent Omp85 antibody responses, the mouse strains showed high and similar serum bactericidal titres. Titres were negligible with heterologous or PorA-negative meningococcal target strains, demonstrating the presence of the dominant bactericidal PorA antibodies. The two vaccines induced the same opsonic titres. Thus, the genetically modified vaccine with high Omp85 antibody levels and the wild-type vaccine induced the same levels of functional activities related to protection against meningococcal disease, suggesting that meningococcal Omp85 is a less attractive vaccine antigen.
Intersubband relaxation dynamics inGaN∕AlNmultiple quantum wells studied by two-color pump-probe experiments (2005)

We have investigated intersubband relaxation in $\mathrm{Ga}\mathrm{N}∕\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{N}$ multiple quantum wells using a two-color pump-probe technique in a wide energy range around $800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{meV}$ $(1.55\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m})$. We have observed not only absorption bleaching signals but also, for the first time, induced absorption signals with an ultrafast and a slow component. Absorption bleaching signals are attributed to a phase space filling of the upper subband and a carrier cooling process in the lower subband, with relaxation times of $140\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$ and $300--400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{fs}$, respectively. The ultrafast induced absorption corresponds to the absorption of electrons during intra-subband relaxation and the slow component of $1.3\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ps}$ corresponds to the carrier cooling process. We have also found that the intrinsic absorption width of highly doped materials is as large as the inhomogeneous width, because the dispersion difference of subbands is enhanced by exchange interaction.
Global Genetic Diversity of the Perennial Ryegrass Fungal Endophyte Neotyphodium lolii (2008)

The symbiotic association between perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) and the fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii is associated with host‐specific adaptations, particularly in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. Knowledge of the origin of the symbiosis and the contribution of endophyte genotype to host phenotypic variation is currently limited. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to assess endophyte genetic diversity in a globally distributed collection of perennial ryegrass accessions. Consistent in planta detection was achieved with 18 of 22 SSR markers (primer pairs). Endophytes representing as many as four different taxa were detected in 42 accessions from 20 different countries, N. lolii being predominant. A total of 33 unique N. lolii genotypes were discriminated, of which 29 clustered into three major groups with limited within‐group variation. The three major N. lolii groups were associated with distinct perennial ryegrass chloroplast haplotypes. The alkaloid profiles of accessions were apparently associated with the presence of specific N. lolii genotypes. Genotypic analysis provides a powerful method for genetic dissection of the grass–endophyte interaction and prediction of phenotypic variation based on genotypic variation.
Structure of the rabies virus glycoprotein trimer bound to a pre-fusion specific neutralizing antibody (2021)

Abstract Rabies infection is nearly 100% lethal if untreated and kills over 50,000 people annually, many of them children. Existing rabies vaccines target the rabies virus glycoprotein (RABV-G) but generate short-lived immune responses, likely because the protein is heterogeneous under physiological conditions. Here, we report the 3.39Å cryo-EM structure of trimeric, pre-fusion RABV-G complexed with RVA122, a potently neutralizing human antibody. RVA122 binds to a quaternary epitope at the top of RABV-G, bridging domains and stabilizing RABV-G protomers in a prefusion state. RABV-G trimerization involves side-to-side interactions between the central α-helix and adjacent loops, rather than contacts between central helices, and interactions among the fusion loops at the glycoprotein base. These results provide a basis to develop improved rabies vaccines based on RABV-G stabilized in the prefusion conformation. One sentence summary We report the structure and trimeric interface of pre-fusion rabies virus glycoprotein bound to the neutralizing antibody RVA122.
Muscle-based gene therapy and tissue engineering for treatment of growth plate injuries. (2002)

Growth plate injuries may lead to a progressive angular deformity or longitudinal growth disturbance. The authors investigated the feasibility of gene therapy and tissue engineering based on autologous muscle-and adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) to treat tibial physeal defects in rabbits. The medial half of the left proximal tibial growth plate was completely excised in 44 6-week-old New Zealand white rabbits. Four experimental groups were created: no treatment (I), autologous muscle interposition (II), autologous muscle interposition injected with adIGF-1 (III), and autologous muscle interposition injected with adBMP-2 (IV). Radiographic and histologic assessments were obtained postoperatively. Significant tibial shortening and a compact osseous bridge were observed in groups I and IV. Growth plates remained open in groups II and III. This experiment demonstrates that IGF-1 had a supportive effect on physeal chondrocytes, while BMP-2 caused increased osteogenic activity in the injured growth plates.
Targeted Proteomic Quantitation of the Absolute Expression and Turnover of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator in the Apical Plasma Membrane (2014)

Deficient chloride transport through cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) causes lethal complications in CF patients. CF is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disease, which is caused by mutations in the CFTR gene; thus, CFTR mutants can serve as primary targets for drugs to modulate and rescue the ion channel's function. The first step of drug modulation is to increase the expression of CFTR in the apical plasma membrane (PM); thus, accurate measurement of CFTR in the PM is desired. This work reports a tandem enrichment strategy to prepare PM CFTR and uses a stable isotope labeled CFTR sample as the quantitation reference to measure the absolute amount of apical PM expression of CFTR in CFBE 41o- cells. It was found that CFBE 41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR (wtCFTR), when cultured on plates, had 2.9 ng of the protein in the apical PM per million cells; this represented 10% of the total CFTR found in the cells. When these cells were polarized on filters, the apical PM expression of CFTR increased to 14%. Turnover of CFTR in the apical PM of baby hamster kidney cells overexpressing wtCFTR (BHK-wtCFTR) was also quantified by targeted proteomics based on multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry; wtCFTR had a half-life of 29.0 ± 2.5 h in the apical PM. This represents the first direct measurement of CFTR turnover using stable isotopes. The absolute quantitation and turnover measurements of CFTR in the apical PM can significantly facilitate understanding the disease mechanism of CF and thus the development of new disease-modifying drugs. Absolute CFTR quantitation allows for direct result comparisons among analyses, analysts, and laboratories and will greatly amplify the overall outcome of CF research and therapy.
Three-step synthesis of α-methylene-γ-lactones through formation and oxidation of substituted cyclobutanones (1975)

S. M. Ali and S. M. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 887 DOI: 10.1039/C39750000887
Reconstruction of images taken by a pair of non-regular sampling sensors using correlation based matching (2014)

Multi-view image acquisition systems with two or more cameras can be rather costly due to the number of high resolution image sensors that are required. Recently, it has been shown that by covering a low resolution sensor with a non-regular sampling mask and by using an efficient algorithm for image reconstruction, a high resolution image can be obtained. In this paper, a stereo image reconstruction setup for multi-view scenarios is proposed. A scene is captured by a pair of non-regular sampling sensors and by incorporating information from the adjacent view, the reconstruction quality can be increased. Compared to a state-of-the-art single-view reconstruction algorithm, this leads to a visually noticeable average gain in PSNR of 0.74 dB.
Distributed enactment of multiagent workflows (2003)

We address the problem of constructing multiagent systems by coordinating heterogeneous, autonomous agents, whose internal designs may not be fully known. A major application area is Web service composition. We develop an approach that (a) takes declarative specifications of the desired interactions, and (b) automatically enacts them. Our approach is based on temporal logic, has a rigorous semantics, and yields a naturally distributed execution.
In-service supervisory EDFA-repeated wavelength division multiplexing transmission system (1995)

An in-service supervisory wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission system is demonstrated for the first time. Simultaneous fault location and EDFA status-monitoring are achieved without degrading the 2.5 Gb/s service in a five-EDFA, 365-km, four-WDM-channel system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Major accomplishments in development of acoustic instrumentation for biomolecular studies (1995)

A great potential of acoustics in the thermodynamic characterization of biomolecular systems, studies of conformational transitions and hydration of proteins and nucleic acids and drug–biopolimer interactions has been revealed in the last decade mainly due to advances in the instrumentation for ultrasonic measurements in small volumes of liquids. The methods and devices reviewed in this talk are based upon the fixed path interferometer method, also known as a ‘‘resonator method.’’ It is the only method which can provide measurements of ultrasound velocity and attenuation in the sample volume of the order of 10–100 microliters with sufficient precision. The requirement of small sample volume is a major precondition for applicability of the method to the most of the problems in biomolecular studies. Different types of resonators will be described in detail including a new type of micro-volume cylindrical standing wave resonators with a chamber volume of about 3 microliters. The electronic circuits for high precision measurement using acoustical resonators are usually based on the phase-locked loop which provides the oscillation in the system at the chosen resonance. Fields of applications and prospects of future development of instrumentation will be reviewed. a)Permanent address: Inst. of Theoret. and Exp. Biophys., Russian Acad. of Sci.
A Study on Germanium as a Contaminant Source in Semiconductor Fabrication Process (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Vital dye labelling demonstrates a sacral neural crest contribution to the enteric nervous system of chick and mouse embryos (1991)

We have used the vital dye, DiI, to analyze the contribution of sacral neural crest cells to the enteric nervous system in chick and mouse embryos. In order to label premigratory sacral neural crest cells selectively, DiI was injected into the lumen of the neural tube at the level of the hindlimb. In chick embryos, DiI injections made prior to stage 19 resulted in labelled cells in the gut, which had emerged from the neural tube adjacent to somites 29-37. In mouse embryos, neural crest cells emigrated from the sacral neural tube between E9 and E9.5. In both chick and mouse embryos, DiI-labelled cells were observed in the rostral half of the somitic sclerotome, around the dorsal aorta, in the mesentery surrounding the gut, as well as within the epithelium of the gut. Mouse embryos, however, contained consistently fewer labelled cells than chick embryos. DiI-labelled cells first were observed in the rostral and dorsal portion of the gut. Paralleling the maturation of the embryo, there was a rostral-to-caudal sequence in which neural crest cells populated the gut at the sacral level. In addition, neural crest cells appeared within the gut in a dorsal-to-ventral sequence, suggesting that the cells entered the gut dorsally and moved progressively ventrally. The present results resolve a long-standing discrepancy in the literature by demonstrating that sacral neural crest cells in both the chick and mouse contribute to the enteric nervous system in the postumbilical gut.
Manipulation of Nanodiamond Clusters for Nanoscale Applications (2001)

Abstract One objective of the present work is to study the processes of assembly/self assembly of diamond clusters into nanostructures such as dots, wires,and filmsunder the influence of high electric fields. Diamond nanoparticles (∼2-5 nm in size) in a suspension of ethyl alcohol were deposited by pulsed electrophoresis onto sharp metal needles, such as those employed for field electron emission applications [1,2]. A custom designed sample holder has been constructed for a JEOL 2010 F, which allows for the convenient transfer of the sharp metal wires for analysis at high resolution, and then for removal (e.g. for re-deposition). These procedures allow us to precisely control the deposition thickness and morphology. They are capable of building a variety of deposition structures, even an isolated nanodiamond particle. The geometry of the deposits depends upon the applied voltage, the concentration of the suspension, the pulse duration, and the local electric field (which in turn depends on tip geometry, e.g. see Fig. 1).
Abstract #1751: MK-8033, a selective c-Met / Ron inhibitor, suppresses tumor cell growth in vitro and in vivo (2009)

Aberrant c-Met activity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of human tumors and is therefore an attractive target for therapeutic intervention. We have identified MK-8033, a highly selective inhibitor of c-Met and Ron kinases. MK-8033 potently inhibits the kinase activity of c-Met (IC50 1.3 nM) and Ron (IC50 14 nM) while exhibiting no inhibitory activities against over 220 protein kinases when tested at 1\#956;M. The compound is a novel ATP-competitive inhibitor that is equally potent against wild type c-Met and naturally occurring oncogenic c-Met mutants, including activation loop mutants. MK-8033 inhibits both ligand stimulated and constitutive c-Met phosphosphorylation. As a result c-Met driven in vitro cell proliferation and scattering are inhibited by MK-8033. Genomic amplification and constitutive activation of c-Met are predictors of tumor cell line response to treatment in vitro. In a gastric cancer xenograft model driven by MET amplification, MK-8033 inhibits autophosphorylation of c-Met docking site tyrosine residues and suppresses downstream signaling events such as ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Tumor growth is inhibited at well tolerated oral doses of the compound in MET amplified gastric and NSCLC xenograft models. These preclinical data provide support for ongoing clinical evaluation of MK-8033 as a potential targeted therapy for patients with c-Met driven tumors. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 1751.
The tryptase positive compact round cell infiltrate of the bone marrow (TROCI-BM): a novel histopathological finding requiring the application of lineage specific markers (2006)

In summary, a total of six rare myeloid neoplasms may present with a novel immunohistochemical phenomenon tentatively termed TROCI-BM.
Motif-grafted antibodies containing the replicative interface of cellular PrP are specific for PrP Sc (2004)

Prion diseases are closely associated with the conversion of the cellular prion protein (PrPC) to an abnormal conformer (PrPSc) [Prusiner, S. B. (1998) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 13363-13383]. Monoclonal antibodies that bind epitopes comprising residues 96-104 and 133-158 of PrPC potently inhibit this process, presumably by preventing heterodimeric association of PrPC and PrPSc, and suggest that these regions of PrPC may be critical components of the PrPC-PrPSc replicative interface. We reasoned that transplanting PrP sequence corresponding to these regions into a suitable carrier molecule, such as an antibody, could impart specific recognition of disease-associated forms of PrP. To test this hypothesis, polypeptides containing PrP sequence between residues 89-112 or 136-158 were used to replace the extended heavy chain complementarity-determining region 3 of an IgG antibody specific for the envelope glycoprotein of HIV-1. Herein the resulting engineered PrP-IgGs are shown to bind specifically to infective fractions of PrP in mouse, human, and hamster prion-infected tissues, but not to PrPC, other cellular components, or the HIV-1 envelope. PrPSc reactivity was abolished when the sequence of the PrP 89-112 and 136-158 grafts was mutated, scrambled, or N-terminally truncated. Our findings suggest that residues within the 89-112 and 136-158 segments of PrPC are key components of one face of the PrPC-PrPSc complex. PrPSc-specific antibodies produced by the approach described may find widespread application in the study of prion biology and replication and in the detection of infectious prions in human and animal materials.
Tim-3 is expressed by a majority of NK cells at periphery but not at tumor site in patients with advanced melanoma (TUM2P.919) (2014)

Abstract Tim-3 is a type I glycoprotein expressed by innate and adaptive immune cells. Tim-3 is an inhibitory receptor expressed by dysfunctional tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells of patients with advanced melanoma at periphery and in the tumor microenvironment. Tim-3 is also constitutively expressed by functional and mature NK cells in healthy donors (HD). The expression of Tim-3 on NK cells isolated from melanoma patients (MP) and its role in regulating NK functions have not been evaluated yet. To this end, we have investigated Tim-3 expression by NK cells in PBMCs isolated from HD and MP. In sharp contrast with HD, Tim-3 is upregulated by CD56bright as compared to CD56dim NK cells in PBMCs of MP. Upon stimulation with IL-12 and IL-18, NK cells in HD and MP upregulated Tim-3 expression and Tim-3high NK cells produced more IFN-γ than Tim-3neg, suggesting they are more functional. IFN-γ production increased upon NK stimulation with cytokines and Tim-3 ligand Galectin-9 and did not decrease upon Tim-3 blockade. In contrast to circulating NK cells, tumor-infiltrating NK cells (TINKs) are CD56dim in their large majority (&amp;gt; 98%), and exhibit lower levels of Tim-3 expression. Collectively, our data show that Tim-3 is expressed by a majority of functional circulating NK cells in HD and MP but only a minority of TINK cells, suggesting that TINK may be less functional than their peripheral counterpart.
Notice of Removal: The elastic properties of human cortical bone measured by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy at multiple skeletal sites (2017)

Removed.
How Changes in Cell Mechanical Properties Induce Cancerous Behavior (2012)

Tumor growth and metastasis are ultimately mechanical processes involving cell migration and uncontrolled division. Using a 3D discrete model of cells, we show that increased compliance as observed for cancer cells causes them to grow at a much faster rate compared to surrounding healthy cells. We also show how changes in intercellular binding influence tumor malignancy and metastatic potential. These findings suggest that changes in the mechanical properties of cancer cells is the proximate cause of uncontrolled division and migration and various biochemical factors drive cancer progression via this mechanism.
Novel in-situ focus monitor technology in attenuated PSM under actual illumination condition (2003)

A focus monitor technology for attenuated PSM under annular illumination has been developed as an in-line quality control. The focus monitor pattern on a reticle employs a pair of grouped lozenge-shaped opening patterns in attenuated phase shifting region. Since the phase shifting angles of the light passing through the first and second opening patterns are 90 degrees and 180 degrees, respectively, the best focus position for the first pattern shifts to that for the second pattern. The subtraction of the length of the patterns is a linear function of the actual focal position printed on the wafer. Therefore, the effective focal position can be extracted by measuring the subtraction of the measured length. A high resolution of 10-nm defocus could be achieved by this technique.