gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and Architecture Design of Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces using Scattering Parameter Network Analysis. (2020)

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are an emerging technology for future wireless communication. The vast majority of recent research on IRS has focused on system level optimizations. However, developing straightforward and tractable electromagnetic (EM) models that are suitable for IRS aided communication modeling remains an open issue. In this paper, we address this issue and derive communication models by using rigorous scattering parameter network analysis. We also propose new IRS architectures based on group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance networks, which are more general and more efficient than conventional single connected reconfigurable impedance network. In addition, the scaling law of the received signal power of an IRS aided system with reconfigurable impedance networks is also derived. Compared with the single connected reconfigurable impedance network, our group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance network can increase the received signal power by up to 62%, or maintain the same received signal power with a number of IRS elements reduced by up to 21%. We also investigate the proposed architecture in deployments with distance-dependent pathloss and Rician fading channel, and show that the proposed group and fully connected reconfigurable impedance networks outperform the single connected case by up to 34% and 48%, respectively.
Identification of Analytical Singularity in a Non‐Plasmonic Nanosensing System (2022)

Abstract Optical sensing works most efficiently around the singularity of resonances. In the pursuit of high quality‐factor and sensitivity, non‐plasmonic nanosensors are desired as metallic materials are intrinsically lossy. However, standalone resonant systems of dielectric nanoparticles (NPs) generally do not possess a pole or its identification has proven to be hard across the complex frequency domain. To solve this problem, an active external cavity is designed and the dielectric NP is put inside it to formulate a cavity‐NP (C‐NP) system. The dielectric NP has dimensions comparable with the effective wavelength in the particle material and the coupled resonance is shown to exhibit a pole when a singular optimum gain is applied, overcoming the no‐pole‐limitation of dielectric NPs. The underlying physics of the coupled system is studied with the pseudo‐orthonormal eigenmode method (POEM), which can treat such non‐Hermitian systems and quickly pinpoint the singularity from the real frequencies. The POEM study generates a set of guidelines that facilitate device design and experimental optimization. Through dynamic finite‐difference time‐domain simulations, the all‐dielectric gain‐assisted cavity‐NP structure thus identified is shown to reach a pole at small optical gain. When used as a sensor, the system accommodates nanoscale sensing volume and giant sensitivity when operated around its pole.
Oxidative Cleavage of the Acyl‐Carbon Bond in Phenylacetone with Electrogenerated Superoxide Anions (2018)

Abstract An oxidative cleavage reaction of the acyl−carbon bond in phenylacetone derivatives under cathodic reduction is reported. This particular transformation is driven by the cathodic reduction of dissolved molecular oxygen to superoxide anions. Various cathode materials were examined, and we discovered that boron‐doped diamond (BDD) enables highly efficient molecular conversion, owing to BDD's outstanding electrochemical property for utilizing the small amounts of molecular oxygen effectively. The scope of the reaction is broad and can be applied to a variety of substrates, ranging from ketones to esters and amides. As an electric current is directly employed to generate the superoxide anion, the reaction is metal‐ and catalyst‐free. Electro‐organic synthesis using the carbon‐based BDD electrode thus provides access to sustainable molecular transformations.
Costimulatory Molecule Immune Enhancement in a Plasmid Vaccine Model Is Regulated in Part Through the Ig Constant-Like Domain of CD80/86 (2003)

Abstract There is great interest in understanding the role of costimulatory molecules in immune activation. In both the influenza and HIV DNA immunization models, several groups have reported that coimmunization of mice with plasmids encoding immunogen and CD86, but not CD80, effectively boosts Ag-specific T cell activation. This difference in immune priming provided an opportunity to examine the functional importance of different regions of the B.7 molecules in immune activation. To examine this issue, we developed a series of chimeric CD80 and CD86 constructs as well as deletion mutants, and examined their immune activating potential in the DNA vaccine model. We demonstrate that the lack of an Ig constant-like region in the CD80 molecule is critically important to the enhanced immune activation observed. CD80 C-domain deletion mutants induce a highly inflammatory Ag-specific cellular response when administered as part of a plasmid vaccine. The data suggest that the constant-like domains, likely through intermolecular interactions, are critically important for immune regulation during costimulation and that engineered CD80/86 molecules represent more potent costimulatory molecules and may improve vaccine adjuvant efficacy.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of (S) 3‐tert‐Butoxycarbonylamino‐2‐oxo‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1,5‐benzodiazepine‐1 ‐acetic Acid Methyl Ester as a Conformationally Restricted Dipeptido‐Mimetic for Caspase‐1 (ICE) Inhibitors. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lifelong Context Recognition via Online Deep Feature Clustering (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Context recognition for lifelong learning (L2) agents is an open-ended problem whereby aggregate features in an environment are utilized to signal the active context in which the agent is operating. The ability to recognize context is necessary in L2 agents to engage modulatory signals to account for significant changes in the input state space associated with a given context or task, such as altering learning dynamics or shifting attention to more relevant features. Context recognition is itself an L2 problem due to the ever-increasing number of distinct contexts that an agent might encounter, requiring incrementally learning novel contexts while prescribing them to supervised task labels when available. This paper demonstrates an algorithm based on near clustering of deep-extracted features with adaptive resonance theory methods that satisfies these requirements on the behalf of an embodied L2 agent in a computer vision environment. The strength of this algorithm lies in its flexibility, being capable of online incremental learning in supervised, realistic semi-supervised, and unsupervised scenarios while demonstrating continual learning in its own right.&lt;/p&gt;
When should systematic patient positioning errors in radiotherapy be corrected? (2002)

One way to reduce patient set-up errors in radiotherapy is to measure the position during the first N treatment fractions, and to do an unconditional correction of the set-up position once at the (N + 1)th fraction. This strategy is known as the 'no action level' protocol. The question is when to do the correction, i.e. what is the optimum value of N? We determine N by minimizing the expectation value of the total quadratic set-up error taken over all fractions. A central assumption that we make is that there is no time trend in the patient set-up. The result is a simple formula for the value of N, which is proportional to the square root of the total number of fractions, and to the ratio of the execution (delivery) error and preparation error. We also provide a formula for cases where the measurement error is not negligible. For typical cases the optimum value is N = 4. Because the optimum is shallow, the exact choice of N is uncritical.
A Synthesis of Crambescidin 359. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Abstract B41: Cell-contact dependent epithelial-stromal cross talk, including a modulation of stromal PDGFR expression, drives the progression of early-stage breast cancer lesions (2016)

Abstract We have investigated the distribution of PDGFR-a and -b in the stroma of normal breast tissue, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) by immunohistochemistry. Both receptors were expressed by fibroblasts of normal breast tissue. While the PDGFRb remained high during cancer progression, the PDGFRa was lost in most of the DCIS samples and not detectable in IDC. The patient group with PDGFRa(low)/PDGFRb(high) fibroblasts had the highest risk for local recurrences or metastasis. The characteristic loss of stromal PDGFRa expression was also observed in the PyMT mouse breast cancer model. In vitro co-culture experiments confirmed a tumor cell-induced differentiation of fibroblasts, resulting in a fibroblast population marked by PDGFRa(low)/PDGFRb(high) expression. We could identify the interaction of Jagged-1 expressed by the tumor cells with Notch-2 expressed on the fibroblasts, as an essential activator of TGFb signaling in fibroblasts. Gene expression analysis and reporter-gene assays of sorted cells from co-cultures revealed, that fibroblasts switch from a more anti-tumorigenic signaling (expression of BMPs and Wnt antagonists) towards a pro-tumorigenic signaling (expression of BMP inhibitors, TGFb and Wnt ligands). Co-cultured tumor cells show an increased migratory activity and the induction of a mesenchymal phenotype. Inhibition of Notch or TGF signaling in fibroblasts could block these phenotypes. To investigate the impact of fibroblasts on the progression of DCIS to IDC, a DCIS xenograft model was used. Co-injection of MCF10.DCIS cells with human breast fibroblasts, expressing both PDGFRs, into the mouse mammary fat pad resulted in an earlier tumor take with faster tumor growth. The corresponding co-injection experiments with fibroblast and tumor cells, that were depleted of Notch2 respectively Jagged-1 expression by CRISPR/CAS technology is currently ongoing. Collectively the study identifies a potentially druggable paracrine cross-talk between epithelial and stromal cells, which promotes DCIS progression and involves a Notch mediated up-regulation of TGFb signaling. The study also suggests that loss of PDGFRa marks a subset of fibroblasts with specific tumor-promoting activities. Citation Format: Carina Strell, Janna Paulsson, Artur Mezheyeuski, Shao-Bo Jin, Pernilla Roswall, Johanna Andrea, Oliver Frings, Fredrick Warnberg, Hemming Johansson, Karin Jirstrom, Kristian Pietras, Per Hall, Urban Lendahl, Christer Betsholtz, Derek C. Radisky, Arne Ostman. Cell-contact dependent epithelial-stromal cross talk, including a modulation of stromal PDGFR expression, drives the progression of early-stage breast cancer lesions. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr B41.
Ultrafast amplifier phase correction to the transform limit through the use of a deformable mirror pulse shaper (2003)

Summary form only given. We have used a programmable deformable mirror pulse shaper to correct for high-order phase distortions resulting from >100 mm of optical material, mirrors, stretcher distortions, in an amplifier system. We are currently working to broaden the amplified spectrum to take full advantage of the pulse shaper, and to use this amplifier to get transform-limited 16 fs pulses, with 6 mJ of energy, at 1 kHz.
Modeling Water Flow in Hydraulically-Fractured Shale Wells (2013)

Abstract This paper provides an approach to model water injection and production performance observed in horizontal multi-fractured wells using a commercial finite difference (FD) model. Stress dependent permeability is used to ensure that injected rates and volumes during hydraulic fracturing are predicted by the FD model. Varying degrees of water retention observed in shale wells is modeled using gas-water imbibition capillary pressure. Hydraulic fracturing is used to stimulate shale and other ultra-tight reservoirs. During the treatment tens of thousands barrels of water are injected into a single well, distributed between many (5-30+) fractures. Field experience shows that a significant fraction of injected water never flows back, and the amount depends somewhat on how long the well is shut-in prior to production start. This study was conducted using a commercial black-oil reservoir simulator. A horizontal well with multiple transverse fractures is modeled. A simple stress dependent permeability model (without hysteresis) has been found to provide sufficient permeability increase during injection to ensure the magnitude of injected water rates and volumes achieved during actual fracturing operations. Inclusion of water imbibition capillary pressures helps control the amount of water retained by the rock after injection. Capillary forces redistribute injected water further into the rock than if capillarity is ignored. When a well is shut-in prior to flowback, imbibition draws injected water yet further into the rock, reducing water mobility and total recovery of injected volumes when the well starts producing. We study water flowback behavior as a function of water imbibition capillary pressure curves: their magnitude and shape (pore size distribution and wettability). The mobility of water, as given by relative permeability curves, has an impact on water imbibition and distribution of water in the shale formation near the fracture. It affects the rate of water flowback, but it has a limited effect on total water recovery. We also considered situations with the shale formation initially void of water ("dry" shales), where we find that water recovery is reduced. Modeling the flow of water in horizontal multi-fractured wells is important to estimate water loss and recovery and the impact on flow performance of hydrocarbons.
Infrared Spectra of the Alkali Metal Cyanides in the Solid State (1973)

The infrared spectra of lithium isocyanide and of sodium and potassium cyanides in the solid phase were examined over the range 4000 to 140 cm −1 at room temperature. A study of the effect of cooling the solids to liquid nitrogen temperature has been carried out.
Validation of an open source framework for the simulation of blood flow in rigid and deformable vessels (2013)

We discuss in this paper the validation of an open source framework for the solution of problems arising in hemodynamics. The proposed framework is assessed through experimental data for fluid flow in an idealized medical device with rigid boundaries and a numerical benchmark for flow in compliant vessels. The core of the framework is an open source parallel finite element library that features several algorithms to solve both fluid and fluid-structure interaction problems. The numerical results for the flow in the idealized medical device (consisting of a conical convergent, a narrow throat, and a sudden expansion) are in good quantitative agreement with the measured axial components of the velocity and pressures for three different flow rates corresponding to laminar, transitional, and turbulent regimes. We emphasize the crucial role played by the accuracy in performing numerical integration, mesh, and time step to match the measurements. The numerical fluid-structure interaction benchmark deals with the propagation of a pressure wave in a fluid-filled elastic tube. The computed pressure wave speed and frequency of oscillations, and the axial velocity of the fluid on the tube axis are close to the values predicted by the analytical solution associated with the benchmark. A detailed account of the methods used for both benchmarks is provided.
IMPROVED DETECTION AND DIAGNOSIS OF POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY USING A COMBINATION OF OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY AND OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY (2018)

Cross-sectional OCTA is more sensitive than en face OCTA in detecting flow signal in polyps. Combination of structural OCT and OCTA can be used to screen for PCV with a high level of sensitivity and specificity.
Superior Generalization Capability of Hardware-Learing Algorithm Developed for Self-Learning Neuron-MOS Neural Networks (1995)

We have investigated the learning performance of the hardware backpropagation (HBP) algorithm, a hardware-oriented learning algorithm developed for the self-learning architecture of neural networks constructed using neuron MOS (metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistors. The solution to finding a mirror symmetry axis in a 4×4 binary pixel array was tested by computer simulation based on the HBP algorithm. Despite the inherent restrictions imposed on the hardware-learning algorithm, HBP exhibits equivalent learning performance to that of the original backpropagation (BP) algorithm when all the pertinent parameters are optimized. Very importantly, we have found that HBP has a superior generalization capability over BP; namely, HBP exhibits higher performance in solving problems that the network has not yet learnt.
Direct UV-Replica Molding of Biomimetic Hierarchical Structure for Selective Wetting (2008)

describe a one-step UV-replica molding method for fabricating a biomimetic dual-scale hierarchical structure. The use of UV-curable, acrylate-functionalized perfluoropolyethers allows for a high fidelity replication of a low-energy surface with multiscale texture, thereby directly creating a superhydrophobic surface without any complicated processing. The superhydrophobic surface can simply be transformed selectively into a superhydrophilic surface by exposure to deep ultraviolet light. The prepared surface is inert to chemicals and solvents and maintains its wettability over a long period of time.
Human Beta Cell Regenerative Drug Therapy for Diabetes: Past Achievements and Future Challenges (2021)

A quantitative deficiency of normally functioning insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells is a major contributor to all common forms of diabetes. This is the underlying premise for attempts to replace beta cells in people with diabetes by pancreas transplantation, pancreatic islet transplantation, and transplantation of beta cells or pancreatic islets derived from human stem cells. While progress is rapid and impressive in the beta cell replacement field, these approaches are expensive, and for transplant approaches, limited by donor organ availability. For these reasons, beta cell replacement will not likely become available to the hundreds of millions of people around the world with diabetes. Since the large majority of people with diabetes have some residual beta cells in their pancreata, an alternate approach to reversing diabetes would be developing pharmacologic approaches to induce these residual beta cells to regenerate and expand in a way that also permits normal function. Unfortunately, despite the broad availability of multiple classes of diabetes drugs in the current diabetes armamentarium, none has the ability to induce regeneration or expansion of human beta cells. Development of such drugs would be transformative for diabetes care around the world. This picture has begun to change. Over the past half-decade, a novel class of beta cell regenerative small molecules has emerged: the DYRK1A inhibitors. Their emergence has tremendous potential, but many areas of uncertainty and challenge remain. In this review, we summarize the accomplishments in the world of beta cell regenerative drug development and summarize areas in which most experts would agree. We also outline and summarize areas of disagreement or lack of unanimity, of controversy in the field, of obstacles to beta cell regeneration, and of challenges that will need to be overcome in order to establish human beta cell regenerative drug therapeutics as a clinically viable class of diabetes drugs.
Wireless local area networks: the new wireless revolution (2002)

Contributors. Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgments. Guide to Wireless LAN Analysis. The Evolution of 2,4-GHz Wireless LANs (C. Heegard, et al.). The 5-GHz IEEE 802.11a Wireless LAN (J. Chen). Migration Strategies for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LANs 91. 5-GHz Radio Spectrum Regulations (T. Tan). Quality of Service and Multimedia Support in 802.11 Standards (G. Parks). Overview of Wireless LAN Security. Wireless Network Security (D. Stanley). Building Secure Wireless Local Area Networks. Wireless LAN for Mobile Operators (P. Lane). Wireless LAN Access Architecture for Mobile Operators (J. Ala-Laurila, et al.). From Wirelss LANs to Wireless Network Solutions: Applying Lessons from Cellular Networking to Enterprise Wireless Networking (S.K. Singhal). The Bluetooth Basics (M. Sheppard). Coexistence of IEEE 802.11b WLAN and Bluetooth WPAN (S.J. Shellhammer). An Introduction to Ultra Wide Band Wireless Technology (K. Siwak and L.L.Huckabee). Glossary. Related Web Sites. About the Author. Index.
New method for temperature dependent dielectric property investigation in polymer composite materials (2013)

Industrial processing of products made from light weight fiber reinforced composites could benefit from microwave heating providing the temperature dependent dielectric properties of the composite materials are known. Three methods of permittivity measurement at ambient temperature are compared: cavity perturbation, coaxial probe and SPDR, Split-Post Dielectric Resonator. The measured values differ significantly for each setup. Therefore a reverse simulation is performed. It is based on a new approach which utilizes the slope, ΔT/Δt of microwave heating curves recorded in a cavity perturbation type setup as indicative for changes in the imaginary part of the permittivity. Two simulation tools are compared: COMSOL <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> and Quickwave <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> .
New thermodynamic tools for chiller diagnostics and optimization. (2003)

The paper presents a new analytical approach to modelling, diagnosing and optimizing real irreversible thermodynamic systems. It focuses on basic uncomplicated irreversible thermodynamic modelling (and numerous supporting experimental data) that provide (1) powerful diagnostic, optimization and predictive methods for commercial chillers, and (2) fundamental yet realistic bounds for actual chiller performance that step beyond the severely unrealistic reversible and endoreversible limits. These methods were illustrated and supported with field case studies of cooling equipment that vary in cooling rate from the order of watts to megawatts.
Symmetry and Orbit Detection via Lie‐Algebra Voting (2016)

Abstract In this paper, we formulate an automatic approach to the detection of partial, local, and global symmetries and orbits in arbitrary 3D datasets. We improve upon existing voting‐based symmetry detection techniques by leveraging the Lie group structure of geometric transformations. In particular, we introduce a logarithmic mapping that ensures that orbits are mapped to linear subspaces, hence unifying and extending many existing mappings in a single Lie‐algebra voting formulation. Compared to previous work, our resulting method offers significantly improved robustness as it guarantees that our symmetry detection of an input model is frame, scale, and reflection invariant. As a consequence, we demonstrate that our approach efficiently and reliably discovers symmetries and orbits of geometric datasets without requiring heavy parameter tuning.