gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tremelimumab: A monoclonal antibody against CTLA-4—In combination with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in patients with biliary tract carcinoma (BTC). (2017)

88 Background: Tremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that binds to CTLA-4 expressed on the surface of activated T lymphocytes and results in inhibition of B7-CTLA-4-mediated downregulation of T-cell activation. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been shown to induce a peripheral immune response which may enhance the effect of anti-CTLA4 treatment. Methods: Patients with refractory BTC were enrolled in a study of monthly Tremelimumab (10mg/kg, 6 doses) combined with RFA (to one lesion) performed on week 6. Tumor biopsies were performed at time of RFA with regular PBMC collection for intensive immunemontoring. Results: 17 pts enrolled. Characteristics: M:F 8:9; Median age 57(range 36-67); BTC subtype - intrahepatic/exrahepatic: 12/5. 13/17 had metastatic disease. All pts were chemorefractory with 12/17 having received at least 2 regimens. While on study, 6 pts had early PD within 6 weeks; 11 were able to undergo RFA. No DLT encountered. Most common toxicity was pruritus. There were no objective responses. Of evaluable pts N = 6 (55%) had stable disease as a best response. Conclusions: Tremelimumab in combination with subtotal RFA in patients with advanced BTC is safe and feasible. No objective responses have so far been seen in this predominantly primary intrahepatic BTC population. Full efficacy and immune monitoring data will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01853618.
Imaging Myocardial Metabolic Remodeling (2010)

Myocardial metabolic remodeling is the process in which the heart loses its ability to utilize different substrates, becoming dependent primarily on the metabolism of a single substrate such as glucose or fatty acids for energy production. Myocardial metabolic remodeling is central to the pathogenesis of a variety of cardiac disease processes such as left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial ischemia, and diabetic cardiomyopathy. As a consequence, there is a growing demand for accurate noninvasive imaging approaches of various aspects of myocardial substrate metabolism that can be performed in both humans and small-animal models of disease, facilitating the crosstalk between the bedside and the bench and leading to improved patient management paradigms. SPECT, PET, and MR spectroscopy are the most commonly used imaging techniques. Discussed in this review are the strengths and weaknesses of these various imaging methods and how they are furthering our understanding of the role of myocardial remodeling in cardiovascular disease. In addition, the role of ultrasound to detect the inflammatory response to myocardial ischemia will be discussed.
Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Diarylureas via Pd-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling Reactions (2011)

A facile synthesis of unsymmetrical N,N'-diarylureas is described. The utilization of the Pd-catalyzed arylation of ureas enables the synthesis of an array of diarylureas in good to excellent yields from benzylurea via a one-pot arylation-deprotection protocol, followed by a second arylation.
Imaging assay to probe the role of telomere length shortening on telomere-gene interactions in single cells (2021)

Telomeres are repetitive non-coding nucleotide sequences (TTAGGGn) capping the ends of chromosomes. Progressive telomere shortening with increasing age has been associated with shifts in gene expression through models such as the telomere position effect (TPE), which suggests reduced interference of the telomere with transcriptional activity of increasingly more distant genes. A modification of the TPE model, referred to as Telomere Position Effects over Long Distance (TPE-OLD), explains why some genes 1-10 MB from a telomere are still affected by TPE, but genes closer to the telomere are not. Here, we describe an imaging approach to systematically examine the occurrence of TPE-OLD at the single cell level. Compared to existing methods, the pipeline allows rapid analysis of hundreds to thousands of cells, which is necessary to establish TPE-OLD as an acceptable mechanism of gene expression regulation. We examined two human genes, ISG15 and TERT, for which TPE-OLD has been described before. For both genes, we found less interaction with the telomere on the same chromosome in old cells compared to young cells; and experimentally elongated telomeres in old cells rescued the level of telomere interaction for both genes. However, the dependency of the interactions on the age progression from young to old cells varied. One model for the differences between ISG15 and TERT may relate to the markedly distinct interstitial telomeric sequence arrangement in the two genes. Overall, this provides a strong rationale for the role of telomere length shortening in the regulation of gene expression.
A Teflon microreactor with integrated piezoelectric actuator to handle solid forming reactions (2011)

We present a general inexpensive method for realizing a Teflon stack microreactor with an integrated piezoelectric actuator for conducting chemical synthesis with solid products. The microreactors are demonstrated with palladium-catalyzed C-N cross-coupling reactions, which are prone to clogging microchannels by forming insoluble salts as by-products. Investigations of the ultrasonic waveform applied by the piezoelectric actuator reveal an optimal value of 50 kHz at a load power of 30 W. Operating the system at these conditions, the newly developed Teflon microreactor handles the insoluble solids formed and no clogging is observed. The investigated reactions reach full conversion in very short reaction times and high isolated yields are obtained (>95% yield).
The Risks and Benefits of Conducting Sensitive Research to Understand Parental Experiences of Caring for Infants With Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy (2016)

Aim: The aim of this report is to describe the parental experience of the emotional and physical risks and participant burden of participation in sensitive research about caring for an infant with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. Background: Protecting the ethical rights of participants in research is a main focus of investigators. Evaluating the effect of current methods employed to protect participants in sensitive research is necessary to determine if the participants’ ethical rights are protected. Little research has addressed the parental perspective of participating in sensitive research. Design: The design of this study is a qualitative, descriptive methodology with structured interviews with parents. Methods: Participants were asked to describe their experience of participating in sensitive research. The qualitative data collected were analyzed using content analysis. Interviews were conducted between July 2010 and February 2012. Results: Thirteen parents of infants with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy were interviewed. Parents did not report harm or participant burden. Most of these parents found continued participation to be beneficial because they could express intense emotions in a nonjudgmental environment and also reflect on the milestones their child has reached since the traumatic birth experience. Conclusions: This study provides additional evidence to researchers regarding the risks and benefits to participants in sensitive research studies. Individuals are willing to participate in sensitive research, even during stressful times in their lives. The interviews allow participants an outlet to discuss thoughts and feelings and to reflect on past events and gain perspective. Participants do not report experiencing harm when participating in interviews about sensitive research.
Poisoning by Botulinum Neurotoxin A Does Not Inhibit Formation or Disassembly of the Synaptosomal Fusion Complex (1995)

We investigated the effect of poisoning rat brain synaptosomes with botulinum neurotoxin A on the NSF-mediated disassembly of a complex consisting of syntaxin, SNAP-25 and synaptobrevin (fusion complex). Botulinum neurotoxin A specifically removes 9 amino acids from the C-terminus of SNAP-25 and efficiently blocks KCl-evoked glutamate release from synaptosomes. We report that truncated SNAP-25 is incorporated into the fusion complex of poisoned synaptosomes. The presence of truncated SNAP-25 does not interfere with the NSF-induced disassembly of the fusion complex. Also, the release of truncated SNAP-25 from the fusion complex is similar to that of the native SNAP-25. Since neither the formation of the complex nor its disassembly seems to be affected by the SNAP-25 fragment, this fragment is likely to block exocytosis by disrupting events between disassembly of the synaptosomal fusion complex and membrane fusion itself.
Asymmetric transmission based on magnetic resonance coupling in 3D-printed metamaterials (2018)

The resonance based strong light-matter interaction in metamaterials offers unprecedented opportunities to manipulate polarization of electromagnetic waves. In this work, we fabricate a three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial consisting of 90°-twisted split-tube resonators using a 3D printing technique and demonstrate the corresponding asymmetric transmission for linearly polarized electromagnetic waves in the Ku band with near-unity polarization conversion efficiency. Experimental results reveal a 90° polarization rotation and an incident polarization angle dependent asymmetric transmission at a frequency around 15.2 GHz. The experimental results are in good agreement with simulations. Possessing the merits of both flexibility of response tailoring and ease of fabrication, the proposed 3D-printed metamaterials have great potential for compact polarization-control devices exhibiting unidirectional transmission at both microwave and terahertz frequencies.
Opioids modulate cell division in the germinal zone of the late embryonic neocortex (1999)

Opioid effects on cell division in the embryonic cerebral cortex were examined using two experimental approaches: (i) the presence of opioid receptors in the embryonic day 16 mouse neocortex was tested using immunohistochemical techniques; (ii) the values of the indices of [3H]thymidine pulse labelled cells and mitotic indices were estimated in the ventricular zone of the embryonic day 16 mouse neocortex 2.5, 4.5 and 8.5 h after administration to pregnant females of selected opioid receptor agonists or the opioid antagonist naloxone. The immunohistochemical study demonstrated that distinct subpopulations of the ventricular zone cells express mu, delta or kappa opioid receptors. Acute exposure of mouse embryos to mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor agonists or naloxone differentially affects the indices of [3H] thymidine pulse labelled cells and mitotic indices indicating changes in the cell cycle composition. Treatment with the mu opioid receptor agonist D-Ala2-MePhe4, Gly-ol5-enkephalin (DAGO), or the partially selective kappa opioid receptor agonist bremazocine, increased the [3H]thymidine labelling and mitotic indices. In contrast, the delta receptor agonist (D-Ser8)-leucine enkephalin-Thr (DSLET) produced a decrease in the labelled cell indices and mitotic indices. Naloxone provided a biphasic effect: a decrease in the values of labelled cell indices 2.5 h after naloxone administration, followed by an increase in the values of the indices at 4.5 and 8.5 h. These results suggest that the endogenous embryonic/maternal opioid systems are involved in the regulation of cell division in the ventricular zone of the late embryonic cortex.
The Synthesis and Characterization of Dendritic Molecules (2013)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Methodologies in Dendrimer Synthesis Divergent Methods Newkome's Arborols Tomalia's Starburst Dendrimers Poly(propylene imine) Dendrimers Convergent Methods Fréchet's Polyether Dendrimers Hydrocarbon Dendrimers New Developments in the Chemistry of Dendritic Molecules Conclusions
Determination of the wavelength of zero material dispersion in optical fibres by pulse-delay measurements (1977)

Pulse-delay measurements on fibres are reported, made over a wide wavelength range straddling the zero of material dispersion. Results for phosphosilicate and a range of germania-doped fibres indicate that the wavelength of negligible material dispersion lies in the range 1270–1400 nm. The optimum wavelength depends on the concentration for fibres containing germania.
Trial watch: Dendritic cell-based anticancer immunotherapy (2017)

Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines against cancer have been extensively developed over the past two decades. Typically DC-based cancer immunotherapy entails loading patient-derived DCs with an appropriate source of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and efficient DC stimulation through a so-called "maturation cocktail" (typically a combination of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Toll-like receptor agonists), followed by DC reintroduction into patients. DC vaccines have been documented to (re)activate tumor-specific T cells in both preclinical and clinical settings. There is considerable clinical interest in combining DC-based anticancer vaccines with T cell-targeting immunotherapies. This reflects the established capacity of DC-based vaccines to generate a pool of TAA-specific effector T cells and facilitate their infiltration into the tumor bed. In this Trial Watch, we survey the latest trends in the preclinical and clinical development of DC-based anticancer therapeutics. We also highlight how the emergence of immune checkpoint blockers and adoptive T-cell transfer-based approaches has modified the clinical niche for DC-based vaccines within the wide cancer immunotherapy landscape.
The forgotten role of food cultures (2021)

Fermentation is one of if not the oldest food processing technique, yet it is still an emerging field when it comes to its numerous mechanisms of action and potential applications. The effect of microbial activity on the taste, bioavailability and preservation of the nutrients and the different food matrices has been deciphered by the insights of molecular microbiology. Among those roles of fermentation in the food chain, biopreservation remains the one most debated. Presumably because it has been underestimated for quite a while, and only considered - based on a food safety and technological approach - from the toxicological and chemical perspective. Biopreservation is not considered as a traditional use, where it has been by design - but forgotten - as the initial goal of fermentation. The 'modern' use of biopreservation is also slightly different from the traditional use, due mainly to changes in cooling of food and other ways of preservation, Extending shelf life is considered to be one of the properties of food additives, classifying - from our perspective - biopreservation wrongly and forgetting the role of fermentation and food cultures. The present review will summarize the current approaches of fermentation as a way to preserve and protect the food, considering the different way in which food cultures and this application could help tackle food waste as an additional control measure to ensure the safety of the food.
Electrolyte-Mediated Assembly of Charged Nanoparticles* (2020)

Solutions at high salt concentrations are used to crystallize or segregate charged colloids, including proteins and polyelectrolytes via a complex mechanism referred to as “salting-out.” This chapter combines small-angle X-ray scattering, molecular dynamics simulations, and liquid-state theory to show that salting-out is a long-range interaction, which is controlled by electrolyte concentration and colloid charge density. It analyzes gold nanoparticles coated with noncomplementary DNA designed to prevent interparticle assembly via Watson–Crick hybridization. The chapter provides fundamental insights into the effect of ionic correlations in the salting-out mechanism and suggests new routes for the crystallization of colloids and proteins using concentrated salts. The range of the interaction is connected to the length over which the nanoparticles influence the ionic density profile in the electrolyte. This length typically extends beyond the radial size of the DNA linkers because of electrostatic and steric interactions.
Effects of strain of chickens and vaccination with turkey herpesvirus on marek's disease and lymphoid Leukosis in breeding stocks1 (1975)

1. A total of 3236 females from eight meat-type strains, half of which were vaccinated for Marek's disease (MD), and 11,193 Leghorn females from ten strains, all vaccinated for MD, were adventitiously exposed to MD and lymphoid leukosis (LL) viruses and observed to 392 and 497 d of age, respectively. 2. In the meat-type birds, vaccination reduced total mortality from 43-4% to 27-1% and mortality due to MD from 16-4% to 5-4% but did not affect mortality and LL (2-9% and 3-4%). 3. In the vaccinated Leghorns total mortality was 11%, including 2-1% from MD and 1-2% from LL. 4. Significant differences between strains of chickens were found in total mortality, as well as in MD and LL mortality. 5. Strain by vaccination interaction was observed in total rearing and adult mortality, as well as in the MD mortality of adult meat-type females. 6. Leghorn strains with higher rate of egg production and meat-type strains with lower growth rate to have better viability.
ChemInform Abstract: METAL‐CARBONYL SYNTHESES. 9. CARBON MONOXIDE ‐ A SIX‐ELECTRON LIGAND? SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE UNUSUAL CARBONYLNIOBIUM CLUSTER HEPTACARBONYLTRIS(η5‐CYCLOPENTADIENYL)TRINIOBIUM (1981)

Abstract Der Halbsandwich‐Komplex (I) ergibt bei seiner Photolys: den neuen Cluster (II), der nicht nur den ersten Niobcarbonylcluster repräsentiert sondern einen neuen Typ der CO‐Koordination aufweist.
Monitoring Protein Kinases in Cellular Media with Highly Selective Chimeric Reporters (2009)

Vereint erfolgreich: Eine rekombinante Dockingdomäne (blaues Band im Bild), kombiniert mit einem chemischen Sensor (grüne Sechsecke), liefert einen hochselektiven ERK-Sensor, der ERK1/2-Aktivität in nichtfraktionierten Zelllysaten nachweist, ohne dass Inhibitoren für Nicht-Zielkinasen gebraucht würden. Seine Selektivität und biophysikalischen Parameter ermöglichen eine Hochdurchsatzanalyse der ERK1/2-Aktivität ohne Enzymreinigung. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Role of spinodal-like wrinkling as a prenucleation process in crystallization of sol-gel derived thin films (2016)

Studies of crystallization of a sol-gel derived alumina thin film showed on a critical role of spinodal-like wrinkling. The wrinkling that depends on a humidity gradient in the film provides nucleation sites with high supersaturation located at the top of topological islands that occur as a result of the wrinkling. Nucleation of crystal nuclei takes place at these sites at a significantly lower temperature as it would be the case for homogenous nucleation. The crystal growth continues through different supersaturation regimes that are defined by the wrinkling topology. We showed how the crystallization can be efficiently suppressed to higher temperatures by minimizing the humidity gradient in the dip-coated film by controlled drying.
Teaching rhetorical skills with a tangible user interface (2004)

We describe Webkit, an application which uses a large-screen graphical user interface and a tangible user interface to teach children important rhetorical skills. We discuss our evaluation of this application and possible future directions for computer-supported rhetorical applications.
Golay Layer: Limiting Peak-to-Average Power Ratio for OFDM-based Autoencoders (2020)

In this study, we propose a differentiable layer for OFDM-based autoencoders (OFDM-AEs) to avoid high instantaneous power without regularizing the cost function used during the training. The proposed approach relies on the manipulation of the parameters of a set of functions that yield complementary sequences (CSs) through a deep neural network (DNN). We guarantee the peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) of each OFDM-AE symbol to be less than or equal to 3 dB. We also show how to normalize the mean power by using the functions in addition to PAPR. The introduced layer admits auxiliary parameters that allow one to control the amplitude and phase deviations in the frequency domain. Numerical results show that DNNs at the transmitter and receiver can achieve reliable communications under this protection layer at the expense of complexity.
Walking on a graph with a magnifying glass (2011)

Our objective is to sample the node set of a large unknown graph via crawling, to accurately estimate a given metric of interest. We design a random walk on an appropriately defined weighted graph that achieves high efficiency by preferentially crawling those nodes and edges that convey greater information regarding the target metric. Our approach begins by employing the theory of stratification to find optimal node weights, for a given estimation problem, under an independence sampler. While optimal under independence sampling, these weights may be impractical under graph crawling due to constraints arising from the structure of the graph. Therefore, the edge weights for our random walk should be chosen so as to lead to an equilibrium distribution that strikes a balance between approximating the optimal weights under an independence sampler and achieving fast convergence. We propose a heuristic approach (stratified weighted random walk, or S-WRW) that achieves this goal, while using only limited information about the graph structure and the node properties. We evaluate our technique in simulation, and experimentally, by collecting a sample of Facebook college users. We show that S-WRW requires 13-15 times fewer samples than the simple re-weighted random walk (RW) to achieve the same estimation accuracy for a range of metrics.
Registration of ‘NC‐Burton’ Soybean (2012)

‘NC‐Burton’ soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐504, PI 664026) was cooperatively developed and released by North Carolina State University (NCSU) and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, and it was first tested in North Carolina yield trials in 2003. NC‐Burton is a determinate, maturity‐group‐V, high‐yielding, conventional cultivar adapted to the northern and central regions of eastern North Carolina. It was derived from the cross of the high‐yielding line TN93‐99 and the soybean cyst nematode–resistant cultivar ‘Fowler’. In the NCSU breeding trials (11 environments), NC‐Burton averaged 3466 kg ha −1 , or 441 kg ha −1 more than the check cultivar ‘5601T’ under full‐season conditions. In eight average‐ to high‐yield environments in the North Carolina Official Variety Trials, NC‐Burton had a significantly higher seed yield (4091 kg ha −1 ) than 5601T in narrow (19‐cm) row spacing. Seed protein content was lower but the oil content was similar to that of 5601T. NC‐Burton is resistant to stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis ), frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara), and bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye].