gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speaker-adapted training on the Switchboard Corpus (2002)

Speaker adaptation is the process of transforming some speaker-independent acoustic model in such a way as to more closely match the characteristics of a particular speaker. It has been shown by several researchers to be an effective means of improving the performance of large vocabulary continuous speech recognition systems. Until very recently speaker adaptation has been used exclusively as a part of the recognition process. This is undesirable inasmuch as it leads to a mismatched condition between test and training, and hence sub-optimal recognition performance. There has been a growing interest in applying speaker-adaptation techniques to HMM training in order to alleviate the training/test mismatch. In prior work, we presented an iterative scheme for determining the maximum likelihood solution for the set of speaker-independent means and variances when speaker-dependent adaptation is performed during HMM training. In the present work, we investigate specific issues encountered in applying this general framework to the task of improving recognition performance on the Switchboard Corpus.
Etude du phenotype des synoviocytes fibroblast-like isolés à partir de tissu synovial arthrosique (2010)

L’inflammation et l’angiogenèse sont deux processus étroitement associés à la progression de l’arthrose. Dans cette étude, nous avons comparé la production de médiateurs pro-inflammatoires et angiogéniques par les synoviocytes de type fibroblastique isolés des zones enflammées (ZE) et non-enflammées (ZNE) de la membrane synoviale de genoux arthrosiques.
Sesquiterpene volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are markers of elicitation by sulfated laminarine in grapevine (2015)

Inducing resistance in plants by the application of elicitors of defense reactions is an attractive plant protection strategy, particularly for grapevine (Vitis vinifera), which is susceptible to severe fungal diseases. Although induced resistance (IR) can be successful under controlled conditions, in most cases, IR is not sufficiently effective for practical disease control under outdoor conditions. Progress in the application of IR requires a better understanding of grapevine defense mechanisms and the ability to monitor defense markers to identify factors, such as physiological and environmental factors, that can impact IR in the vineyard. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are well-known plant defense compounds that have received little or no attention to date in the case of grape-pathogen interactions. This prompted us to investigate whether an elicitor, the sulfated laminarin (PS3), actually induces the production of VOCs in grapevine. An online analysis (proton-transfer-reaction quadrupole mass spectrometry) of VOC emissions in dynamic cuvettes and passive sampling in gas-tight bags with solid-phase microextraction-GC-MS under greenhouse conditions showed that PS3 elicited the emission of VOCs. Some of them, such as (E,E)-α-farnesene, may be good candidates as biomarkers of elicitor-IR, whereas methyl salicylate appears to be a biomarker of downy mildew infection. A negative correlation between VOC emission and disease severity suggests a positive role of VOCs in grape defense against diseases.
Technologies for highly parallel optoelectronic integrated circuits (2005)

Market consideration motivate optoelectronic integrated circuits for highly parallel intrasystem optical buses. Surface normal device technology is well suited for these applications. System examples highlight device technology issues.
Demonstration and Evaluation of Precise Positioning for Connected and Automated Mobility Services (2022)

Cooperative, Connected and Automated Mobility (CCAM) services require precise and reliable localization services able to infer and track the position of a vehicle with lane accuracy. The H2020 5GCroCo project, which trials 5G technologies in the European cross-border corridor along France, Germany and Luxembourg, as well as in five small-scale trial sites, considers different technologies to enhance vehicle localization, including GPS Real Time Kinematic (GPS-RTK), Ultra-WideBand (UWB) and Inertial Sensors (INS). This paper presents a compact prototype, which integrates these localization technologies with 5GCroCo’s On-Board Unit (OBU) equipment, and its evaluation within the scope of the Anticipated Cooperative Collision Avoidance (ACCA) Use Case demonstrated in Barcelona small-scale trial site.
Relationship Between Prevalence of Impaired Glucose Tolerance and NIDDM in a Population (1991)

The epidemicity index may be useful as an indicator of the potential for higher future NIDDM prevalence in whole populations. Populations will probably equilibrate at a certain NIDDM prevalence dependent on the strength of their genetic susceptibility to the disease and their degree of exposure to adverse environmental risk factors, including modern diet, physical inactivity, and obesity.
AOA Symposium (2008)

Schaffer, Jonathan L. MD, MBA; Bozic, Kevin J. MD, MBA; Dorr, Lawrence D. MD; Miller, Dane A. PhD; Nepola, James V. MD; Moderator Author Information
Cable Effects on The Dynamics of Large Precision Structures (2007)

A top level overview of the effect cables have on the dynamic response of precision structures is presented. The focus of this paper is on precision, low-damping, low-first modal frequency space structures where cables are not implicitly designed to be in the load path. The paper presents the top-level, Phase I results which include pathfinder tests, an industry/government/academia survey, modeling and testing of individual cable bundles, and modeling and testing of cables on a simple structure. The end goal is to discover a set of practical approaches for updating well defined dynamical models of cableless structures. Knowledge of the cable type, position and tie-down method is assumed to be known. Simulation sensitivity analysis of the effect cables have on a precision structure has also been completed. Each section of the paper will focus on the details of each area.
Battery energy storage capacity fading and control strategies for deterministic and stochastic power profiles (2016)

As manufacturing costs keep decreasing, battery energy storage systems (BESS) are expected to play a key role in modern grids. However, due to their energy constraints and internal losses, the restoration of the state of charge (SoC) to a reference range is of vital importance to fulfil their tasks. In this paper, we propose SoC control schemes based on existing ones, and then we evaluate their behavior in predictable and stochastic power system applications. The modifications include parameter tuning based on the actual BESS state, as well as alternating the control scheme according to forecasts of the application signal. Furthermore, we extend a Lithium-Ion battery model in order to quantify capacity degradation and hence, investigate the impact of the various SoC restoration strategies. Results show that potentials to increase the lifetime are application-dependent, based on the degree of flexibility allowed by a service. Overall, the calendar aging dominates the cycling aging and thus, there is limited space for improvement with different SoC control schemes. On the other hand, by incorporating forecast information, we can reduce the amount of energy needed for the SoC restoration and hence, decrease additional energy costs.
Supplementary Table S7 from Cancers as Wounds that Do Not Heal: Differences and Similarities between Renal Regeneration/Repair and Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

Supplementary Table S7 from Cancers as Wounds that Do Not Heal: Differences and Similarities between Renal Regeneration/Repair and Renal Cell Carcinoma
Uses of Ontologies in Open Source Blog Mining (2010)

The blogosphere provides a novel window into an important segment of public opinion, but its dynamic nature makes it an elusive medium to analyze and interpret in the aggregate, where it is most informative. We are developing a new open-source blog mining technology that employs ontologies to solve this problem by fusing the signals of the blogosphere and zeroing in on issues that are most likely to migrate offline. This technology is designed to enable analysts to anticipate the threats or opportunities these issues represent in a timely and efficient fashion.
Semi-transparent graphite films growth on Ni and their double-sided polymer-free transfer (2020)

Abstract Nanorange thickness graphite films (NGFs) are robust nanomaterials that can be produced via catalytic chemical vapour deposition but questions remain regarding their facile transfer and how surface topography may affect their application in next-generation devices. Here, we report the growth of NGFs (with an area of 55 cm 2 and thickness of ~ 100 nm) on both sides of a polycrystalline Ni foil and their polymer-free transfer (front- and back-side, in areas up to 6 cm 2 ). Due to the catalyst foil topography, the two carbon films differed in physical properties and other characteristics such as surface roughness. We demonstrate that the coarser back-side NGF is well-suited for NO 2 sensing, whereas the smoother and more electrically conductive front-side NGF (2000 S/cm, sheet resistance − 50 Ω/sq) could be a viable conducting channel or counter electrode in solar cells (as it transmits 62% of visible light). Overall, the growth and transfer processes described could help realizing NGFs as an alternative carbon material for those technological applications where graphene and micrometer-thick graphite films are not an option.
Efficient and Selective Formation of Macrocyclic Disubstituted Z Alkenes by Ring-Closing Metathesis (RCM) Reactions Catalyzed by Mo- or W-Based Monoaryloxide Pyrrolide (MAP) Complexes: Applications to Total Syntheses of Epilachnene, Yuzu Lactone, Ambrettolide, Epothilone C, and Nakadomarin A (2013)

The first broadly applicable set of protocols for efficient Z-selective formation of macrocyclic disubstituted alkenes through catalytic ring-closing metathesis (RCM) is described. Cyclizations are performed with 1.2-7.5 mol% of a Mo- or W-based monoaryloxide pyrrolide (MAP) complex at 22 °C and proceed to complete conversion typically within two hours. Utility is demonstrated by synthesis of representative macrocyclic alkenes, such as natural products yuzu lactone (13-membered ring: 73% Z) epilachnene (15-membered ring: 91% Z), ambrettolide (17-membered ring: 91% Z), an advanced precursor to epothilones C and A (16-membered ring: up to 97% Z), and nakadomarin A (15-membered ring: up to 97% Z). We show that catalytic Z-selective cyclizations can be performed efficiently on gram-scale with complex molecule starting materials and catalysts that can be handled in air. We elucidate several critical principles of the catalytic protocol: 1) The complementary nature of the Mo catalysts, which deliver high activity but can be more prone towards engendering post-RCM stereoisomerization, versus W variants, which furnish lower activity but are less inclined to cause loss of kinetic Z selectivity. 2) Reaction time is critical to retaining kinetic Z selectivity not only with MAP species but with the widely used Mo bis(hexafluoro-tert-butoxide) complex as well. 3) Polycyclic structures can be accessed without significant isomerization at the existing Z alkenes within the molecule.
2. Identification of Different Modes of Viral Transport in the Non-Human Primate Brain after Convection-Enhanced Delivery of AAV Serotype Vectors (2006)

Recombinant adeno-associated virus serotypes-1 and -2 encoding human acid sphingomyelinase were administered into multiple structures of the cynomolgus monkey brain using convection- enhanced delivery. One group of monkeys (n = 2) was injected with 30–100 ul of AAV2-hASM into the striatum, thalamus, motor cortex and hippocampus, and euthanized at 31 days post-injection. Transduction occurred in the four injected structures and in other regions that resulted in an expression pattern that spanned 50–60 mm, although the posterior aspects of the brain had only sporadic human ASM-positive cells. In situ hybridization experiments demonstrated that widespread transduction was aided, in part, by retrograde axonal transport of AAV2 and by movement of the viral vector through the perivascular space. A second group of monkeys (n = 2) was injected with 30-50 ul of AAV1-hASM into the same four structures, as well as into the occipital cortex and cerebellum to achieve more efficient transduction of caudal brain structures. At 35 days post-injection, widespread transduction by AAV1 was observed in both the injected structures and in other regions along the rostro-caudal axis of the brain, including robust transduction of posterior aspect of the brain. In situ hybridization experiments confirmed retrograde axonal transport of AAV1 to multiple regions of the brain, including the medulla oblongata that sends axonal projections to the cerebellum. Furthermore, the horizontal transduction pattern in the neuronal layers of the convoluted cortex strongly suggests that AAV1 (and AAV2) may become widely dispersed by moving along the outside of major white matter tracts. This study demonstrate that the topographical organization of the brain circuits, and the anatomical features of the Virchow-Robin space and white matter tracts, may be exploited to achieve widespread gene/protein delivery in the primate brain including remote regions of that are not accessible by surgery.
Mechanical regulation of bone homeostasis: effects of cyclic pressure on bone cell function in vitro (2005)

The present in vitro study exposed rat osteoblasts and osteoclast-precursors in bone marrow cell populations to controlled regimes of cyclic pressure and examined various cell functions that are pertinent to bone homeostasis. The results provided evidence that osteoblasts are sensitive to the frequency of the applied cyclic pressure stimulus. Specifically, compared to controls (static conditions) and cells exposed to cyclic pressure at 0.25 Hz frequency, osteoblast proliferation was significantly (p < 0.05) lower, but alkaline phosphatase mRNA expression and enzyme activity were enhanced, only when these cells were exposed to cyclic pressure at 1.0 Hz frequency for 1 hour daily for 5 consecutive days. Furthermore, the results of the present study demonstrated that the timing of application of the cyclic pressure was critical for osteoclastic cell formation from precursors in bone marrow. Exposure of bone marrow cells to cyclic pressure immediately upon harvesting led to decreased formation of osteoclastic cells from their precursors; in contrast, the number of osteoclastic cells was not affected when the cyclic pressure was applied after 7 days of culture under static conditions.
NIMG-69. DISTINGUISHING RADIATION NECROSIS FROM BRAIN TUMOR RECURRENCE ON ROUTINE MRI: A PRELIMINARY HUMAN-MACHINE READER COMPARISON STUDY (2016)

Distinguishing radiation necrosis (RN) from tumor recurrence (RT) on routine MRI is a major challenge in neuro-oncology. To date, there is no imaging modality that can reliably distinguish RT from RN. In this study, we quantitatively compare the performance of a machine learning classifier in conjunction with radiomic features (computer-extracted textures) on routine MRI (T1w, T2w, FLAIR) with the visual diagnosis of two attending neuro-radiologists in distinguishing RT from RN. 3T-MRI studies with T1w, T2w, FLAIR protocols in N=55 patients (22 RN, 33 RT) obtained at least 9 months post-chemoradiation were analyzed. 135 radiomic features (i.e. Haralick, Laws energy, histogram of gradients) within lesions were extracted for each MRI protocol. A random forest classifier was trained on N=40, and tested on N=15 using the extracted features. Independently, two expert board-certified neuro-radiologists (with 2-, and 4-years of experience) who were blinded to the pathology reports (ground truth), read the same MRI scans to diagnose the presence of RN or RT. The readers assigned a score between 0.5 (unclear) and 1 (completely confident) to each study, based on the confidence in their diagnostic reads. Analysis from classifier and radiologists’ reads were compared to the pathologic findings. Area under receiver operating characteristic curve was found to be 0.79 for classifier, 0.75 for expert 1 and 0.58 for expert 2. Consensus with correct classification between the two experts was only seen in 22 of 55 studies (kappa coefficient =0.47). Our results suggest that radiomic features provide complementary diagnostic information to capture subtle differences between RT and RN on routine MRI that may not be visually appreciable to expert readers. Once validated on a larger cohort, radiomic analysis could serve as a decision support tool to enable timely and appropriate patient management in brain tumors.
Establishing Orphan Nuclear Receptors PXR and CAR as Xenobiotic Receptors (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nuclear Receptor and Orphan Nuclear Receptor Superfamily Orphan Nuclear Receptors as Xenobiotic Receptors and Their Implications in Phase I Enzyme Regulation Perspective References
Berry Phase and Polarization Aberration (2015)

As polarized light propagates through optical systems, the state folds at each refraction, and folds and flips at each reflection. Carrying the polarization state through the optical system is analogous to the parallel transport of vectors on a sphere, and leads to different Berry phase accumulation along different paths. For circular polarization this rotation of the polarization state is a phase change and manifests as wavefront aberration, albet of opposite signs for left and right circularly polarized light. For linearly polarized light, there is an overall rotation of the polarization state across the pupil, yielding a mismatch between the incident and exiting polarizations. This polarization variation has been named skew aberration because the polarization rotation is zero for meridional rays. Several examples of the effect on the point spread function and optical transfer function are presented.
A Deep Dive into Perturbations as Evaluation Technique for Time Series XAI (2023)

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has gained significant attention recently as the demand for transparency and interpretability of machine learning models has increased. In particular, XAI for time series data has become increasingly important in finance, healthcare, and climate science. However, evaluating the quality of explanations, such as attributions provided by XAI techniques, remains challenging. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of using perturbations to evaluate attributions extracted from time series models. A perturbation analysis involves systematically modifying the input data and evaluating the impact on the attributions generated by the XAI method. We apply this approach to several state-of-the-art XAI techniques and evaluate their performance on three time series classification datasets. Our results demonstrate that the perturbation analysis approach can effectively evaluate the quality of attributions and provide insights into the strengths and limitations of XAI techniques. Such an approach can guide the selection of XAI methods for time series data, e.g., focusing on return time rather than precision, and facilitate the development of more reliable and interpretable machine learning models for time series analysis.
Cyclic Mechanical Preconditioning Improves Engineered Muscle Contraction (2008)

The inability to engineer clinically relevant functional muscle tissue remains a major hurdle to successful skeletal muscle reconstructive procedures. This article describes an in vitro preconditioning protocol that improves the contractility of engineered skeletal muscle after implantation in vivo. Primary human muscle precursor cells (MPCs) were seeded onto collagen-based acellular tissue scaffolds and subjected to cyclic strain in a computer-controlled bioreactor system. Control constructs (static culture conditions) were run in parallel. Bioreactor preconditioning produced viable muscle tissue constructs with unidirectional orientation within 5 days, and in vitro-engineered constructs were capable of generating contractile responses after 3 weeks of bioreactor preconditioning. MPC-seeded constructs preconditioned in the bioreactor for 1 week were also implanted onto the latissimus dorsi muscle of athymic mice. Analysis of tissue constructs retrieved 1 to 4 weeks postimplantation showed that bioreactor-preconditioned constructs, but not statically cultured control tissues, generated tetanic and twitch contractile responses with a specific force of 1% and 10%, respectively, of that observed on native latissimus dorsi. To our knowledge, this is the largest force generated for tissue-engineered skeletal muscle on an acellular scaffold. This finding has important implications to the application of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to skeletal muscle replacement and reconstruction.
Supplementary Table 3 from KRAS Mutation Status Is Associated with Enhanced Dependency on Folate Metabolism Pathways in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 69K, Normalized basal gene expression microarray data for non-squamous NSCLC NCI60 cell lines were grouped according to KRAS mutation status. Genes showing significant differences in expression between KRAS mutant and KRAS wildtype cells were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and genes predicted to be regulated by MYC were identified.&lt;/p&gt;
Undergraduate Design Projects In A Laboratory For Real Time Signal Processing And Control (2020)

IA laboratory containing digital signal processing (DSP) units and computer workstations has recently been established at Bucknell University.The DSP units are programmed and controlled through a graphical interface on the workstations.The graphical interface provides an integrated environment for simulation and real-time implementation of signal processing and control algorithms.The laboratory is well-suited for undergraduate student design projects, and several such projects are described in the paper.'.,*,Ully',$
Recent advances in the SMS method: diffraction and 3D aplanatism (2016)

Recent advances in the Simultaneous Multiple Surfaces (SMS) design method are reviewed in this paper. In particular, we review the design of diffractive surfaces using the SMS method and the concept of freeform aplanatism as a limit case of a 3D SMS design.
Combinatorial Nanomedicine Made of Squalenoyl-Gemcitabine and Edelfosine for the Treatment of Osteosarcoma (2020)

Due to chemoresistance and a high propensity to form lung metastasis, survival rates in pediatric osteosarcoma (OS) are poor. With the aim to improve anticancer activity in pediatric OS, a multidrug nanomedicine was designed using the alkyl-lysophospholipid edelfosine (EF) co-assembled with squalenoyl-gemcitabine (SQ-Gem) to form nanoassemblies (NAs) of 50 nm. SQ-Gem/EF NAs modified the total Gem pool exposure in the blood stream in comparison with SQ-Gem NAs, which correlated with a better tolerability and a lower toxicity profile after multiple intravenous administrations in mice. For in vivo preclinical assessment in an orthotopic OS tumor model, P1.15 OS cells were intratibially injected in athymic nude mice. SQ-Gem/EF NAs considerably decreased the primary tumor growth kinetics and reduced the number of lung metastases. Our findings support the candidature of this anticancer nanomedicine as a potential pediatric OS therapy.