gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Comparison of PdAu Alloy Thin Films and Nanoparticles upon Hydrogen Exposure (2019)

Nanostructured metal hydrides are able to efficiently detect hydrogen in optical sensors. In the literature, two nanostructured systems based on metal hydrides have been proposed for this purpose each with its own detection principle: continuous sub-100 nm thin films read out via optical reflectance/transmittance changes and nanoparticle arrays for which the detection relies on localized surface plasmon resonance. Despite their apparent similarities, their optical and structural response to hydrogen has never been directly compared. In response, for the case of Pd<sub>1- y</sub>Au <sub>y</sub> ( y = 0.15-0.30) alloys, we directly compare these two systems and establish that they are distinctively different. We show that the dissimilar optical response is not caused by the different optical readout principles but results from a fundamentally different structural response to hydrogen due to the different nanostructurings. The measurements empirically suggest that these differences cannot be fully accounted by surface effects but that the nature of the film-substrate interaction plays an important role and affects both the hydrogen solubility and the metal-to-metal hydride transition. In a broader perspective, our results establish that the specifics of nanoconfinement dictate the structural properties of metal hydrides, which in turn control the properties of nanostructured devices including the sensing characteristics of optical hydrogen sensors and hydride-based active plasmonic systems.
Convergence of cellular and broadcast networks from a multi-radio perspective (2001)

The demand of both the new telecom industry and digital broadcasters for cost-efficient provisioning of mobile multimedia services faces the reality of scarce radio resources. Various digital mobile and broadcast radio technologies have been developed and specifically been optimized. However, existing and emerging multimedia services exhibit challenging requirements in terms of asymmetry, interactivity, real time, and multicast communication. This article describes an evolution of an IP-based infrastructure from today's networks toward a future multi-radio infrastructure, taking into account the implications on the end-user terminal. This multi-radio infrastructure enables the cooperation of existing radio networks to combine their spectrum-efficient capabilities, whereby high-quality mobile multimedia services shall be provided. Furthermore, the need for dynamic allocation of spectrum to radio services is motivated. The basic functionality and architecture of a multi-radio system are outlined, with a special emphasis on cooperation between different radio systems. Also, an evolution path for the convergence of broadcast and new telecom is described, starting from today's systems and leading to a fully coordinated system.
American Society of Cinematographers Motion Imaging Technology Council Progress Report 2017 (2017)

ASC Motion Imaging Technology Council Officers Chair: Curtis Clark, ASC Vice-Chair: Richard Edlund, ASC Vice-Chair: Steven Poster, ASC Secretary: David Reisner, dreisner@d-cinema.us
Structure and Fracture Mechanisms of Aggregative Materials (1989)

Bulk carbon and boron form very different materials, which are also reflected in their clusters. Small carbon clusters form linear structures, whereas boron clusters are planar. For example, it is known that the B(5)(-) cluster possesses a C(2v) planar structure and C(5)(-) is a linear chain. Here we study B/C mixed clusters containing five atoms, C(x)B(5-x)(-) (x = 1-5), which are expected to exhibit a planar to linear structural transition as a function of the C content. The C(x)B(5-x)(-) (x = 1-5) clusters were produced and studied by photoelectron spectroscopy; their geometric and electronic structures were investigated using a variety of theoretical methods. We found that the planar-to-linear transition occurs between x = 2 and 3: the global minimum structures of the B-rich clusters, CB(4)(-) and C(2)B(3)(-), are planar, similar to B(5)(-), and those of the C-rich clusters, C(3)B(2)(-) and C(4)B(-), are linear, similar to C(5)(-).
Time-resolved RNA signatures of CD4+ T cells in Parkinson’s disease (2023)

Parkinson's disease (PD) emerges as a complex, multifactorial disease. While there is increasing evidence that dysregulated T cells play a central role in PD pathogenesis, elucidation of the pathomechanical changes in related signaling is still in its beginnings. We employed time-resolved RNA expression upon the activation of peripheral CD4+ T cells to track and functionally relate changes on cellular signaling in representative cases of patients at different stages of PD. While only few miRNAs showed time-course related expression changes in PD, we identified groups of genes with significantly altered expression for each different time window. Towards a further understanding of the functional consequences, we highlighted pathways with decreased or increased activity in PD, including the most prominent altered IL-17 pathway. Flow cytometric analyses showed not only an increased prevalence of Th17 cells but also a specific subtype of IL-17 producing γδ-T cells, indicating a previously unknown role in PD pathogenesis.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Impact of Intrinsic Affinity on Functional Binding and Biological Activity of EGFR Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 95KB, Comparison of cell-binding curves for low and high affinity anti-EGFR IgG antibodies at the experimental incubation time and a hypothetical time.&lt;/p&gt;
Reliability assessment of SiC power module stack based on thermo-structural analysis (2018)

Power semiconductor modules for power electronics converters are required to withstand significant temperature cycles in operation. Due to the availability of novel wide-bandgap semiconductors such as SiC, operation temperatures and corresponding temperature cycles of the power modules are intended to be increased. This can lead to severe lifetime limitation by fatigue failure mechanism induced by the CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) mismatch of the material layers in the module. In this study a 3D finite element model (FEM) of an advanced power module concept was developed. The main material stack consists of a ceramic substrate, an Ag sintered SiC MOSFET and a sintered top plate that serves as a bond buffer to allow for Cu wire bonding. Stress simulations are performed for several thermal load cycles starting with an analysis of the initia bonding process during manufacture, and following a temperature cycling mission profile during operation. Plastic strain energy densities in the critical regions of the bond interfaces are computed and its development upon consecutives cycles are followed-up in the time domain. Based on these investigations, it is possible to propose design improvements that are effective in reducing thermo-mechanical stresses, and to increase fatigue life.
Experimental Performance Comparison of Duobinary Formats for 40 Gb/s Long-Haul Transmission (2008)

We experimentally compare the performance of various types of duobinary modulation formats for 40 Gb/s long-haul transmission. After having measured their respective robustness to accumulation of ASE noise, chromatic dispersion, PMD and intra-channel nonlinear effects, we show that transmission in excess of 2000 km can be envisaged.
GrappaNet: Combining Parallel Imaging with Deep Learning for Multi-Coil\n MRI Reconstruction (2019)

Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) acquisition is an inherently slow process\nwhich has spurred the development of two different acceleration methods:\nacquiring multiple correlated samples simultaneously (parallel imaging) and\nacquiring fewer samples than necessary for traditional signal processing\nmethods (compressed sensing). Both methods provide complementary approaches to\naccelerating the speed of MRI acquisition. In this paper, we present a novel\nmethod to integrate traditional parallel imaging methods into deep neural\nnetworks that is able to generate high quality reconstructions even for high\nacceleration factors. The proposed method, called GrappaNet, performs\nprogressive reconstruction by first mapping the reconstruction problem to a\nsimpler one that can be solved by a traditional parallel imaging methods using\na neural network, followed by an application of a parallel imaging method, and\nfinally fine-tuning the output with another neural network. The entire network\ncan be trained end-to-end. We present experimental results on the recently\nreleased fastMRI dataset and show that GrappaNet can generate higher quality\nreconstructions than competing methods for both $4\\times$ and $8\\times$\nacceleration.\n
Real-Time NMR Studies of Protein Folding (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleReal-Time NMR Studies of Protein FoldingNico A. J. van Nuland, Vincent Forge, Jochen Balbach, and Christopher M. DobsonView Author Information Oxford Centre for Molecular Sciences, New Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, U.K. Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1998, 31, 11, 773–780Publication Date (Web):October 29, 1998Publication History Received12 December 1997Published online29 October 1998Published inissue 1 November 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar970079lhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar970079lresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views501Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Kinetics,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Nucleic acid structure,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
The influence of charge injection from intermediate connectors on the performance of tandem organic light-emitting devices (2014)

Charge generation in a typical intermediate connector, composed of “n-type doped layer/transition metal oxide (TMO)/hole transporting layer (HTL),” of a tandem organic light-emitting device (OLED) has recently been found to arise from charge transfer at the TMO/HTL interfaces. In this paper, we investigate the effect of hole injection barriers from intermediate connectors on the performance of tandem OLEDs. The hole injection barriers are caused by the offset of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels between HTLs contained in the intermediate connector and the top electroluminescence (EL) unit. We also find that although charge generation can occur at the interfaces between the TMO and a wide variety of HTLs of different HOMO values, an increase in the hole injection barrier however limits the electroluminescence efficiency of the top EL units. In the case of large hole injection barriers, significant charge accumulation in the HTLs makes the intermediate connector lose its functionality gradually over operating time, and limits device stability.
Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers reveal low levels of polymorphism between cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars (2005)

Since their discovery in the 1980s microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been widely used in many species to generate relatively dense genetic maps or framework maps on which to anchor more abundant, but anonymous, markers such as amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs). They are typically highly polymorphic, robust, and often portable, particularly among different mapping populations or crosses and often to related species. They have been useful in species where low levels of genetic diversity limit the use of other markers. Cultivated cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has a history of genetic bottlenecks that have considerably reduced its diversity, with the consequence that most molecular marker genetic linkage studies are done with inter-specific crosses. In this study we evaluated the potential for SSR markers to be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding in cotton by quantifying the level of polymorphism detected with a set of commercially available SSR markers between and within a collection of cotton cultivars being used in our breeding programs. Although the majority of these markers are polymorphic between the 2 tetraploid species of cotton, G. barbadense and G. hirsutum, they are not highly polymorphic (~5%) either among or within G. hirsutum cultivars. However, 6 of the 8 cultivars studied were found to be segregating for alleles of these SSR markers. This suggests that where polymorphisms exist, heterozygosity within cultivars is maintained by the breeding strategies adopted by many modern cotton breeders. Although SSRs clearly have utility in genetic studies using inter-specific crosses or in the introgression of wild germplasm, they will be more difficult to use for standard cotton breeding until greater numbers are available. The utility of some markers may be reduced in some breeding populations where heterozygosity remains in the parental material.
Increasing the dynamic torque per ampere capability of induction machines (1994)

The objective of this paper is to present a novel means of increasing the dynamic torque per ampere capability of induction machines. The method developed is based on use of an indirect field oriented controller (IFOC) for the induction machine. It is well known that IFOC allows the rotor flux amplitude to be controlled by the d-axis component of stator current. It is also well established that the flux-producing component of the stator current may be controlled independent of the torque-producing component of the stator current. The principal constraint, however, is that the amplitude of the peak current (the vector amplitude) is limited by the power electronic switch ratings. This constraint implies that optimal partitioning of the current components should be possible. Previously used methods have optimized steady state efficiency or steady state torque per ampere. This paper identifies a dynamic method which achieves transient torques over 35% greater than the prior methods. The limitations of the method and its sensitivity to detuning is also examined.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Al-2.107 Positive-Tone Resist (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Heterodimeric Neurotrophins Induce Phosphorylation of Trk Receptors and Promote Neuronal Differentiation in PC12 Cells (1995)

Neurotrophins are a family of highly conserved proteins that affect the development and maintenance of distinct neuronal populations. Neurotrophins exist in vivo as homodimers, but we show that neurotrophins can exist as heterodimers in vitro and are pluripotent, being able to bind and to activate different Trk tyrosine kinase receptors as well as promote neuronal differentiation in PC12 cells as effectively as wild type homodimers. These asymmetric neurotrophin dimers allow unique characterization of neurotrophin structure-function relationships with Trk receptors. The chimeric Trk activities of these heterodimers suggest an alternative model of neurotrophin-Trk receptor activation in which the critical Trk-interacting elements may be attributed to a single protomer.
L’altruité : clé de la lutte contre la pauvreté (2012)

des systmes complexes.Ceux-ci doivent tre tudis plu sieurs niveaux de complexit, qu'il convient ensuite d'associer et de rconcilier, mais non d'opposer (TA, Ch. 3 ; MA, Ch. 5). L'altruit, approche philosophiquede la lutte contre la pauvret 2.1 Pauvret et libert Pourquoi aider les pauvres ?Par devoir ?Par conviction religieuse ?Par bont, par empathie, par gnrosit ?Les mo tivations abondent, les contre-motivations galement.Elles se nomment : gosme, individualisme, ngligence, refus de l'ide d'un devoir.Certains considrent que les pauvres leur sont trangers et qu'ils n'ont aucune responsabilit leur endroit.Le pauvre serait entirement responsable de sa pauvret.A lui d'en sortir, s'il le veut.Le pauvre serait donc libre de l'tre et de ne pas le rester, tandis que le non-pauvre serait libre de l'aider ou de ne pas l'aider.Ce point de vue n'est heureusement pas partag par tous mais il ne peut tre rfut qu'au terme d'une rflexion sur les notions de libert et de responsabilit.Qu'est ce qu'un pauvre ?Beaucoup d'conomistes font appel des dfinitions chiffres.Dans les pays en dveloppe ment, le pauvre est celui qui vit au-dessous d'un seuil fix, en 2008, par les Nations Unies 1.25 dollar par individu et par jour.Pour les pays riches, on utilise des seuils ou des pour centages : en France, sont pauvres tous ceux dont les revenus sont infrieurs 50 %, ou pour l'extrme pauvret, 60 % du revenu national mdian.Dans une toute autre perspective, on peut, avec Georges Simmel, tenir pour pauvre celui qui a besoin d'tre assist (Simmel, 1908).La pauvret devient alors fonction du rapport qui s'tablit entre le pauvre et moi.L'altruit : cl de la lutte contre la pauvret
Biologic Activity of Spores and Dried Powder from Ganoderma lucidum for the Inhibition of Highly Invasive Human Breast and Prostate Cancer Cells (2003)

Ganoderma lucidum has demonstrated strong activity against breast and prostate cancer cells. Nevertheless, the composition of samples did not correlate with their ability to inhibit cell migration and activation of NF-kappaB in vitro.
RNAi-based screening of potential chemosensitising targets for malignant mesothelioma (2011)

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an asbestos-related tumour involving the membrane lining of serosal cavities. Australia suffers the highest incidence of this almost invariably fatal disease, a legacy of the mining of asbestos and its widespread use in the construction industry. Despite modest improvements in treatment, the prognosis remains poor, in part because of the genetic heterogeneity of MM tumours and their intrinsic resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify novel growth inhibitory and chemosensitising targets using a rational RNAi-based screening approach. Gene targets (100 in total) were selected on the basis of known overexpression in MM cells and tumours and known involvement in abnormal tumour cell metabolism or drug resistance in MM or other tumour types. The primary readout for the screening process was inhibition of cell growth determined by quantifying total DNA using a SYBR Green based assay. In initial screening experiments, we found that silencing the expression of 28 of the target genes caused greater than 50% inhibition of primary MM cell growth. These included genes involved in DNA repair and replication, cell cycle progression and/or apoptosis. Future experiments will screen and validate potential chemosensitising targets, using synthetic lethal screens combining gene knockdown with chemotherapeutic agents used to treat MM. This work has the potential to identify genes that are targets in their own right, or can enhance the efficacy of currently used chemotherapeutic agents.
Multi-Constituent Simulation of Thrombus Deposition (2017)

In this paper, we present a spatio-temporal mathematical model for simulating the formation and growth of a thrombus. Blood is treated as a multi-constituent mixture comprised of a linear fluid phase and a thrombus (solid) phase. The transport and reactions of 10 chemical and biological species are incorporated using a system of coupled convection-reaction-diffusion (CRD) equations to represent three processes in thrombus formation: initiation, propagation and stabilization. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations using the libraries of OpenFOAM were performed for two illustrative benchmark problems: in vivo thrombus growth in an injured blood vessel and in vitro thrombus deposition in micro-channels (1.5 mm × 1.6 mm × 0.1 mm) with small crevices (125 μm × 75 μm and 125 μm × 137 μm). For both problems, the simulated thrombus deposition agreed very well with experimental observations, both spatially and temporally. Based on the success with these two benchmark problems, which have very different flow conditions and biological environments, we believe that the current model will provide useful insight into the genesis of thrombosis in blood-wetted devices, and provide a tool for the design of less thrombogenic devices.
Network Fault Protection Performance Enhancement by using Elastic Optical Path (2017)

The challenges of enhancing protection performance by improving the spectral efficiency of elastic optical networks are studied. Novel optical filter configuration, signal equalization, and spectral bandwidth assignment technologies are shown to reduce the guard band.