gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring Effective Exchange Interactions via Domain Walls in Coupled Heisenberg Rings (2009)

The nature of the exchange coupling variation in an antiferromagnetic spin-1/2 system can be used to tailor its ground-state properties. In particular, dimerized Heisenberg rings containing domain walls have localized states which can serve as "flying spin qubits" when the domain walls are moved. We show theoretically that, when two of these rings are coupled, the movement of the domain walls leads to modulation of the effective exchange interaction between the qubits. Appropriately chosen configurations of domain walls can give rise to ferromagnetic effective exchange. We describe how these spin rings may be used as basic building blocks to construct quantum spin systems whose properties are tunable by virtue of the exchange variation within the rings.
Expression of functional mouse antibodies directed against the tumour marker human placental alkaline phosphatase in non-lymphoid cells (1988)

A mouse hybridoma cell line was isolated which produces monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) of the IgG2b, kappa subtype directed against the tumour-associated marker human placental alkaline phosphatase (hPLAP). The mRNAs coding for the heavy (H) and light (L) chains were cloned as cDNA copies. These genes were then separately inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pSV23p, under control of the SV40 early promoter. Both genes were introduced with the DEAE-dextran technique in COSI cells, and 72 hr after transfection, 10 ng/ml functional antibodies could be detected in the supernatant of the cells. Permanent CHO cell lines secreting 100 ng/ml functional antibodies were established upon transfection of CHO (dhfr-) cells with the plasmids containing the H and L cDNAs and the plasmid pAdD26SVp-(A)-3 carrying the mouse dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) gene. A plasmid construction in which we inserted a stop codon-containing sequence behind the hinge region of the H-chain cDNA sequence yielded immuno-competent F(ab')2 molecules upon transfection of COS or CHO cells. Our results indicate that not only lymphoid cells, but also non-lymphoid cells, are capable of synthesis and assembly of immunoglobulin chains that are immunologically fully competent.
Electrical Properties of YBa2Cu3Oy at High Temperatures (1987)

Electrical resistance of YBa 2 Cu 3 O y (YBC) was measured from room temperature to 1123 K while varying oxygen partial presure. Electrical conduction mechanism in YBC changed from metallic to semiconductive around 700 K in air. Oxygen deficiency associated with temperature and oxygen partial pressure of the ambience dominated the electrical conduction mechanism.
SIZ1 Regulation of Phosphate Starvation-Induced Root Architecture Remodeling Involves the Control of Auxin Accumulation (2010)

Phosphate (Pi) limitation causes plants to modulate the architecture of their root systems to facilitate the acquisition of Pi. Previously, we reported that the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) SUMO E3 ligase SIZ1 regulates root architecture remodeling in response to Pi limitation; namely, the siz1 mutations cause the inhibition of primary root (PR) elongation and the promotion of lateral root (LR) formation. Here, we present evidence that SIZ1 is involved in the negative regulation of auxin patterning to modulate root system architecture in response to Pi starvation. The siz1 mutations caused greater PR growth inhibition and LR development of seedlings in response to Pi limitation. Similar root phenotypes occurred if Pi-deficient wild-type seedlings were supplemented with auxin. N-1-Naphthylphthalamic acid, an inhibitor of auxin efflux activity, reduced the Pi starvation-induced LR root formation of siz1 seedlings to a level equivalent to that seen in the wild type. Monitoring of the auxin-responsive reporter DR5::uidA indicated that auxin accumulates in PR tips at early stages of the Pi starvation response. Subsequently, DR5::uidA expression was observed in the LR primordia, which was associated with LR elongation. The time-sequential patterning of DR5::uidA expression occurred earlier in the roots of siz1 as compared with the wild type. In addition, microarray analysis revealed that several other auxin-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall loosening and biosynthesis, were up-regulated in siz1 relative to wild-type seedlings in response to Pi starvation. Together, these results suggest that SIZ1 negatively regulates Pi starvation-induced root architecture remodeling through the control of auxin patterning.
Supplementary Data from Unique Neoantigens Arise from Somatic Mutations in Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1&lt;/p&gt;
Schnelle Regelung eines monolithischen vollimplantierbaren Hörgeräts (2019)

In der Versorgung von Patienten mit altersbedingter Schwerhorigkeit werden inzunehmendem Mase vollimplantierbare Horsysteme eingesetzt, da ein Wegfallen externgetragener Komponenten entscheidende Vorteile gegenuber konventionellen Horgeraten bietet. Wir stellen einen hochminiaturisierten Doppelmembranschallwandler vor, der als aktiveKomponente eines zukunftigen implantierbaren Horgerats geeignet ist. Der Wandlerbausteinwird im Incudostapedialgelenk im Mittelohr eingesetzt und beinhaltet als Aktor und Sensorzwei Piezoelemente, die an gegenuberliegenden Membranen in einem Titangehauseuntergebracht sind. Das System ist in der erreichbaren Horverstarkung beschrankt durch dieauftretende Ruckkopplung zwischen diesen Komponenten. Durch die enge, steife Kopplung ergibt sich ein sehr instabiles System mit geringer Amplitudenreserve, also einem kleinenmaximum stable gain: Bereits bei geringer Verstarkung fangt es an zu schwingen. DieSchwingungsfrequenz ist allerdings linear abhangig von der Zeitverzogerung. In diesem Aufbau ist eine sehr kurze Laufzeit des Ruckkopplungssignals zu erwarten, die zuunterdruckende Ruckkopplung liegt daher weit auserhalb des Nutzsignalbandes. Wir zeigen,dass durch eine geeignete digitale Regelung eine zusatzliche stabile Verstarkung (added stable gain) von mehr als 30 dB erreicht werden kann. Die Regelung basiert auf einem adaptivenFilter, welches die diskrete Impulsantwort der Ruckkopplungsstrecke approximiert. Diegesamte Horverstarkung (functional gain) erreicht im Hochtonbereich (f >1500Hz) mehr als 30 dB. Das System ist damit perspektivisch gut geeignet zur Behandlung von mittel- bishochgradiger Hochtonschwerhorigkeit, wie sie z.B. bei typischer Altersschwerhorigkeitauftritt.
Supplementary Table S1 from ER Stress Signaling Promotes the Survival of Cancer “Persister Cells” Tolerant to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Sequence of qPCR primers and sgRNAs&lt;/p&gt;
Control of Electric Vehicle Fast Charger based on Vienna Rectifier and Dual Active Bridge DC-DC Converter (2022)

This paper presents a control method of the electric vehicle (EV) fast charger that employs a three-phase Vienna rectifier (VR) as its ac-dc power stage and dual active bridge (DAB) topology for the dc-dc power stage. The tasks of the VR include ac-dc power conversion, power factor correction, drawing sinusoidal input current, and regulating dc-link voltage. The DAB dc-dc converter provides isolation between input side and EV battery while performing constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) charging. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) and single-phase shift (SPS) modulation have been adopted for the VR and DAB converter respectively. A dq axis current control method is developed for the VR and a control algorithm utilizing two separate PI controllers is implemented on the DAB converter for CC and CV charging. The overall control method is simulated in Matlab/Simulink and the simulation results validate that both power stages can fulfill their objectives effectively and efficiently.
Alkylation of Dinitrogen in [(HIPTNCH[subscript 2]CH[subscript 2])[subscript 3]N]Mo Complexes (HIPT = 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr[subscript 3]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 2])[subscript 2]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 3]) (2009)

In this paper we explore the ethylation of dinitrogen (employing [Et[subscript 3]O][BAr[f over 4]]; Ar[superscript f] = 3,5-(CF[subscript 3])[subscript 2]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 3]) in [HIPTN[subscript 3]N]Mo (Mo) complexes ([HIPTN[subscript 3]N][superscript 3−] = [N(CH[subscript 2]CH[subscript 2]NHIPT)[subscript 3]][superscript 3−]; HIPT = 3,5-(2,4,6-i-Pr[subscript 3]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 2])[subscript 2]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 3]) with the objective of developing a catalytic cycle for the conversion of dinitrogen into triethylamine. A number of possible intermediates in a hypothetical catalytic cycle have been isolated and characterized: MoN═NEt, [Mo═NNEt[subscript 2]][BAr[f over 4]], Mo═NNEt[subscript 2], [Mo═NEt][BAr[f over 4]], Mo═NEt, MoNEt[subscript 2], and [Mo(NEt[subscript 3])][BAr[f over 4]]. Except for MoNEt[subscript 2], all compounds were synthesized from other proposed intermediates in a hypothetical catalytic reaction. All alkylated species are significantly more stable than their protonated counterparts, especially the Mo(V) species, Mo═NNEt[subscript 2] and Mo═NEt. The tendency for both Mo═NNEt[subscript 2] and Mo═NEt to be readily oxidized by [Et[subscript 3]O][BAr[f over 4]] (as well as by [H(Et[subscript 2]O)[subscript 2]][BAr[f over 4]], [Mo═NNH[subscript 2]][BAr[f over 4]], and [Mo═NH][BAr[f over 4]]) suggests that their alkylation is unlikely to be part of a catalytic cycle. All efforts to generate NEt[subscript 3] in several stoichiometric or catalytic runs employing MoN[subscript 2] and Mo≡N as starting materials were unsuccessful, in part because of the slow speed of most alkylations relative to protonations. In related chemistry that employs a ligand containing 3,5-(4-t-BuC[subscript 6]H[subscript 4])[subscript 2]C[subscript 6]H[subscript 3] amido substituents alkylations were much faster, but a preliminary exploration revealed no evidence of catalytic formation of triethylamine.
Threat assessment for avoiding collisions with turning vehicles (2009)

This paper presents a method for estimating how the driver of a vehicle can use steering, braking or acceleration to avoid a collision with a moving object. In the method, the motion of the object can be described with an arbitrary motion model and polygons are used to describe its expected extension. The key idea is to parameterize the motion of the vehicle such that an analytical solution can be derived for estimating the set of manoeuvres that the driver can use to avoid the object at discrete times. The union of the solutions for all times is used to estimate how a collision can be avoided during the complete prediction horizon. Additionally, a decision-making algorithm is proposed that decides when to initiate autonomous braking to avoid or mitigate a potential collision. A collision avoidance by braking system, based on the proposed method and algorithm, has been evaluated on simulated traffic scenarios at intersections. It is shown that a vehicle equipped with such a system can potentially reduce the impact velocity with up to 40 km/h in left turn across path situations.
Meta-Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Control of Second Order Systems (2022)

Meta-learning is a branch of machine learning which aims to synthesize data from a distribution of related tasks to efficiently solve new ones. In process control, many systems have similar and well-understood dynamics, which suggests it is feasible to create a generalizable controller through meta-learning. In this work, we formulate a meta reinforcement learning (meta-RL) control strategy that takes advantage of known, offline information for training, such as a model structure. The meta-RL agent is trained over a distribution of model parameters, rather than a single model, enabling the agent to automatically adapt to changes in the process dynamics while maintaining performance. A key design element is the ability to leverage model-based information offline during training, while maintaining a model-free policy structure for interacting with new environments. Our previous work has demonstrated how this approach can be applied to the industrially-relevant problem of tuning proportional-integral controllers to control first order processes. In this work, we briefly reintroduce our methodology and demonstrate how it can be extended to proportional-integral-derivative controllers and second order systems.
Identification and localisation of the NB-LRR gene family within the potato genome (2012)

By establishing the phylogenetic and positional relationship of potato NB-LRRs, our analysis offers significant insight into the evolution of potato R genes. Furthermore, the data provide a blueprint for future efforts to identify and more rapidly clone functional NB-LRR genes from Solanum species.
Phase Noise Analysis of Separately Driven Ring Oscillators (2022)

In this paper, for the first time, the phase noise analysis of a Multi-loop Skew based Single Ended Oscillator (MSSROs) is derived and validated. Compared to the three stages of conventional ring oscillators (CROs), SDROs provide an equivalent oscillation frequency with improved phase noise with increasing stages. The primary distinction between these two designs (SDRO and three-stage CROs) is the inherent skew offset between the PMOS/NMOS gates caused by the unique connection. This skew offset is the fundamental cause of delay cell noise suppression; the SDROs have loosely coupled oscillators that run concurrently, forming multiple 3-stages of separately driven Ring Oscillators. As a result, a shaping function is derived in terms of skew offset, and simulating these with varying skew offset results in suppressing behavior. Additionally, we derived phase noise for a skew-based design and validated it in PDKs of 180nm and 65 nm. We plotted the thermal (flicker) noise contribution and found that increasing the number of stages leads to an approximately 1-2 dB reduction in phase noise while maintaining the same NMOS/PMOS size ratio. Finally, a 2-3 dB reduction in phase noise is achieved in MSSROs by incorporating the shaping function into phase noise equations.
<title>Linear polarization sensitivity specifications for spaceborne instruments</title> (1992)

The radiometric accuracy of space-borne instruments such as radiometers and spectroradiometers which make measurements of the earth and other celestial objects can be compromised by the linear polarization sensitivity (LPS) induced by the optical system. Most of these optical systems contain optical elements whose reflectance or transmission is polarization dependent, such as diffraction gratings, folding and scanning mirrors, dichroic filters, and optical fibers. Optical system incorporating such elements generally display linear polarization sensitivity; different linear polarization states incident with equal radiometric power will be measured as different power levels. If the incident polarization state is unknown, the linear polarization sensitivity cannot be compensated during the data reduction. The light reflected from the earth and other planets and moons is usually partially linearly polarized, but in a random distribution. Thus, to make accurate radiometric measurements of these bodies, a radiometer or spectrometer should have a low level of linear polarization sensitivity. This paper contains a mathematical description of LPS, contains references to systems which have imposed a LPS specification, describes some of the sources of LPS, describes how to model LPS by polarization ray tracing, and discusses methods to reduce the LPS of an optical system.
Dysfunctional uterine bleeding: advances in diagnosis and treatment (2001)

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurs during the reproductive years unrelated to structural uterine abnormalities. Ovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding occurs secondary to defects in local endometrial hemostasis; while anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding is a systemic disorder, occurring secondary to endocrinologic, neurochemical, or pharmacologic mechanisms. Evaluation of patients with abnormal uterine bleeding and identifying those with dysfunctional uterine bleeding is achieved with a combination of the following: history; physical examination; and judicious use of laboratory evaluation, endometrial sampling and uterine imaging, with sonographic techniques and/or hysteroscopy. Coagulopathies should be considered as should the notion that intramural and subserosal myomas are unlikely to contribute to AUB. High-quality evidence suggests that medical therapy is frequently successful, and newer approaches, such as local delivery of progestins via intrauterine devices, appear to be particularly promising and devoid of systemic side effects. For those intolerant of medical therapy, and/or for whom fertility is no longer desired, a number of minimally invasive surgical options for hysterectomy now exist and are collectively termed endometrial ablation. Endometrial ablation may be performed with or without hysteroscopic guidance. There is an increasing body of evidence that suggests that nonhysteroscopic endometrial ablation may be at least as effective as hysteroscopic endometrial ablation, even when the hysteroscopic procedure is performed by experts.
CSR++: A Fast, Scalable, Update-Friendly Graph Data Structure (2021)

The graph model enables a broad range of analysis, thus graph processing is an invaluable tool in data analytics. At the heart of every graph-processing system lies a concurrent graph data structure storing the graph. Such a data structure needs to be highly efficient for both graph algorithms and queries. Due to the continuous evolution, the sparsity, and the scale-free nature of real-world graphs, graph-processing systems face the challenge of providing an appropriate graph data structure that enables both fast analytical workloads and low-memory graph mutations. Existing graph structures offer a hard trade-off between read-only performance, update friendliness, and memory consumption upon updates. In this paper, we introduce CSR++, a new graph data structure that removes these trade-offs and enables both fast read-only analytics and quick and memory-friendly mutations. CSR++ combines ideas from CSR, the fastest read-only data structure, and adjacency lists to achieve the best of both worlds. We compare CSR++ to CSR, adjacency lists from the Boost Graph Library, and LLAMA, a state-of-the-art update-friendly graph structure. In our evaluation, which is based on popular graph-processing algorithms executed over real-world graphs, we show that CSR++ remains close to CSR in read-only concurrent performance (within 10% on average), while significantly outperforming CSR (by an order of magnitude) and LLAMA (by almost 2×) with frequent updates.
Adversarial queuing theory (2001)

We consider packet routing when packets are injected continuously into a network. We develop an adversarial theory of queuing aimed at addressing some of the restrictions inherent in probabilistic analysis and queuing theory based on time-invariant stochastic generation. We examine the stability of queuing networks and policies when the arrival process is adversarial, and provide some preliminary results in this direction. Our approach sheds light on various queuing policies in simple networks, and paves the way for a systematic study of queuing with few or no probabilistic assumptions.
SizevsSurface: Tuning the Photoluminescence of Freestanding Silicon Nanocrystals Across the Visible SpectrumviaSurface Groups (2014)

The syntheses of colloidal silicon nanocrystals (Si-NCs) with dimensions in the 3-4 nm size regime as well as effective methodologies for their functionalization with alkyl, amine, phosphine, and acetal functional groups are reported. Through rational variation in the surface moieties we demonstrate that the photoluminescence of Si-NCs can be effectively tuned across the entire visible spectral region without changing particle size. The surface-state dependent emission exhibited short-lived excited-states and higher relative photoluminescence quantum yields compared to Si-NCs of equivalent size exhibiting emission originating from the band gap transition. The Si-NCs were exhaustively characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their optical properties were thoroughly investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy, excited-state lifetime measurements, photobleaching experiments, and solvatochromism studies.
3D tissue engineered micro-tumors for optical-based therapeutic screening platform (2016)

Melanoma is an underserved area of cancer research, with little focus on studying the effects of tumor extracellular matrix (ECM) properties on melanoma tumor progression, metastasis, and treatment efficacy. We’ve developed a Raman spectral mapping-based in-vitro screening platform that allows for nondestructive in-situ, multi-time point assessment of a novel potential nanotherapeutic adjuvant, nanoceria (cerium oxide nanoparticles), for treating melanoma. We’ve focused primarily on understanding melanoma tumor ECM composition and how it influences cell morphology and ICC markers. Furthermore, we aim to correlate this with studies on nanotherapeutic efficacy to coincide with the goal of predicting and preventing metastasis based on ECM composition. We’ve compiled a Raman spectral database for substrates containing varying compositions of fibronectin, elastin, laminin, and collagens type I and IV. Furthermore, we’ve developed a machine learning-based semi-quantitative analysis platform utilizing dimensionality reduction with subsequent pixel classification and semi-quantitation of ECM composition using Direct Classical Least Squares for classification and estimation of the reorganization of these components by taking 2D maps using Raman spectroscopy. Gaining an understanding of how tissue properties influence ECM organization has laid the foundation for future work utilizing Raman spectroscopy to assess therapeutic efficacy and matrix reorganization imparted by nanoceria. Specifically, this will allow us to better understand the role of HIF1a in matrix reorganization of the tumor microenvironment. By studying the relationship between substrate modulus and nanoceria’s ability to inhibit an ECM that is conducive to tumor formation, we endeavor to show that nanoceria may prevent or even revert tumor conducive microenvironments.
Construction of Tissue-Engineered Small-Diameter Vascular Grafts in Fibrin Scaffolds in 30 Days (2013)

Tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular grafts have been developed as a promising alternative to native veins or arteries for replacement therapy. However, there is still a crucial need to improve the current approaches to render the tissue-engineered blood vessels more favorable for clinical applications. A completely biological blood vessel (3-mm inner diameter) was constructed by culturing a 50:50 mixture of bovine smooth muscle cells (SMCs) with neonatal human dermal fibroblasts in fibrin gels. After 30 days of culture under pulsatile stretching, the engineered blood vessels demonstrated an average burst pressure of 913.3±150.1 mmHg (n=6), a suture retention (53.3±15.4 g) that is suitable for implantation, and a compliance (3.1%±2.5% per 100 mmHg) that is comparable to native vessels. These engineered grafts contained circumferentially aligned collagen fibers, microfibrils and elastic fibers, and differentiated SMCs, mimicking a native artery. These promising mechanical and biochemical properties were achieved in a very short culture time of 30 days, suggesting the potential of co-culturing SMCs with fibroblasts in fibrin gels to generate functional small-diameter vascular grafts for vascular reconstruction surgery.