gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermo-fluid Topology Optimization and Experimental Study of Conformal Cooling Channels for 3D Printed Plastic Injection Molds (2019)

With the advent of additive manufacturing, innovative design methods, such as network-based techniques, and structural topology optimization have been used to generate complex and highly efficient cooling systems in recent years. However, methods that incorporate coupled thermal and fluid analysis remain scarce. In this paper, a coupled thermal-fluid topology optimization algorithm is introduced for the design of conformal cooling channels. The problem is formulated based on a coupling of Navier- Stokes equations and convection-diffusion equation. The problem is solved by gradient-based optimization after analytical sensitivity derived using adjoint method. With this method, the channel position problem is replaced to a material distribution problem. The material distribution directly depends on the effect of flow resistance, heat conduction, natural and forced convection. The algorithm leads to a two-dimensional conceptual design having optimal heat transfer and balanced flow, which is further transformed into three-dimensional cooling channel design. Here, a comprehensive study is presented, starting from design, simulation, 3D printing process and experimental testing of an injection mold with conformal cooling channels in industrial production environment. A traditional mold model is provided by an industrial collaborator. To enhance the overall thermo-fluid performance of the mold and improve final product quality, a redesign of this mold core is done with conformal cooling channels inside. The final design is 3D printed in pre-alloyed tool-steel powder Maraging Steel using Truprint 3000 metal 3D printing machine. The printed core required some heat treatment and finishing processes and added features to be incorporated to make it production ready. Once all the preparation was complete, the core was tested experimentally in a multicavity injection molding machine in real industrial environment at our industrial partner’s production facility. This paper describes all the steps starting from design, analysis, die 3D printing and finally ending at final experimental testing, as well as recommendations for tool designer and injection molding industry to implement additive manufacturing for their benefit. This paper is not just focused on a specific aspect such as design, simulation or manufacturing, but rather a comprehensive paper presenting a case study on implementation of topology optimization and additive manufacturing in real life industrial production scenario.
Conductive AFM of transfer printed nano devices (2012)

Nano diodes show great potential for applications in detectors, communications and energy harvesting. However, to make them suitable for low-cost mass production, these nano devices have to be fabricated reliably over large areas while minimizing process time and costs. Printing techniques are promising candidates to overcome these economical drawbacks of conventional nanolithography without a significant loss in structure quality. In this work, we focus on nano transfer printing (nTP) to fabricate nm-scale diodes over extensive areas. Using a temperature-enhanced process, several millions of diodes were transfer-printed in one single step. We show the reliable transfer of functioning Schottky and MIM diodes of different sizes, which demonstrates the versatility and usability of our approach (nTP), paving the way to numerous applications in the fields of e.g. infrared detection or energy harvesting. The nano devices are characterized electrically by conductive Atomic Force Microscopy (c-AFM) measurements. For these MIM structures, quantum-mechanical tunneling was determined to be the main conduction mechanism across the metal-oxide-metal junction.
USING DRIE SILICON AS A CUTTING TOOL FOR HIGH PRECISION MICROMACHINING OF METAL ALLOYS (2012)

This paper reports recent advances in batch-mode micro electro-discharge machining (EDM) for high precision micromachining of metal alloys such as stainless steels. Highaspect-ratio and high-resolution silicon microstructures formed by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) are used as cutting electrodes. These replace the previously-reported, LIGA-defined, electroplated copper electrodes, alleviating complexities associated with the LIGA process. A minimum feature size of 7 m is demonstrated on stainless steel 304 in batch-mode EDM by using DRIE Si electrodes with a width of 5 m. Features with sizes 15 m have shown excellent repeatability and uniformity across a diescale machining area of 55 mm 2 . Machining rates up to 5 m/min. have been demonstrated in micromachining of typical microfluidic structures, including arrays of channels and cavities of different sizes. Other machining characteristics are also discussed.
Depletion of mitochondrial DNA, destruction of mitochondria, and accumulation of lipid droplets result from fialuridine treatment in woodchucks (Marmota monax). (1997)

Fialuridine (FIAU, 1-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodouracil) is toxic to liver, heart, muscle, and nerve in clinical trials for chronic viral hepatitis (CH). Mitochondrial toxicity was hypothesized. To address pathophysiologic mechanisms, we examined mitochondrial changes in FIAU-treated woodchucks (WC) with CH from woodchuck hepatitis virus infection. WC (with and without CH from woodchuck hepatitis virus infection) were treated with FIAU (1.5 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. WC were killed. Liver, heart, skeletal muscle, and kidney samples underwent DNA extraction and were analyzed ultrastructurally (transmission electron microscopy). Myocardium, skeletal muscles, and liver samples were analyzed histologically. Abundance of hepatic, myocardial, muscle, and kidney mtDNA decreased in FIAU-treated WC, but the magnitude varied. mtDNA decreased 55% in heart, 65% in kidney, 74% in liver, and 87% in muscle (p < 0.02 for each tissue: FIAU-treated versus FIAU-untreated). Cellular damage was characterized ultrastructurally by mitochondrial enlargement, cristae dissolution, and lipid droplets. Lipid droplets found in the heart, diaphragm, biceps, and liver were sufficient to identify FIAU-treated WC (p < 0.05 each). Widespread mitochondrial damage to many tissues resulted from chronic FIAU treatment and occurred irrespective of CH. It manifested with mtDNA depletion, intracytoplasmic lipid droplets, and destroyed mitochondrial cristae. Defective mtDNA replication with mtDNA depletion seems central to the subcellular pathophysiology of altered energy metabolism and multiorgan failure in FIAU toxicity.
Full Stokes polarization camera (2011)

Objective and background: We present a new version of Bossa Nova Technologies’ passive polarization imaging camera. The previous version was performing live measurement of the Linear Stokes parameters (S0, S1, S2), and its derivatives. This new version presented in this paper performs live measurement of Full Stokes parameters, i.e. including the fourth parameter S3 related to the amount of circular polarization. Dedicated software was developed to provide live images of any Stokes related parameters such as the Degree Of Linear Polarization (DOLP), the Degree Of Circular Polarization (DOCP), the Angle Of Polarization (AOP). Results: We first we give a brief description of the camera and its technology. It is a Division Of Time Polarimeter using a custom ferroelectric liquid crystal cell. A description of the method used to calculate Data Reduction Matrix (DRM) 5,9 linking intensity measurements and the Stokes parameters is given. The calibration was developed in order to maximize the condition number of the DRM. It also allows very efficient post processing of the images acquired. Complete evaluation of the precision of standard polarization parameters is described. We further present the standard features of the dedicated software that was developed to operate the camera. It provides live images of the Stokes vector components and the usual associated parameters. Finally some tests already conducted are presented. It includes indoor laboratory and outdoor measurements. This new camera will be a useful tool for many applications such as biomedical, remote sensing, metrology, material studies, and others.
Two-Dimensional Fourier Analysis of Electron Micrographs of Human Skin for Quantification of the Collagen Fiber Organization in the Dennis (1995)

Two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier analysis was used to quantify the structural organization of collagen fibers in the dermis of the human skin. The 2-D Fourier spectra of electron micrographs of collagen fibers contained large amplitude Fourier components (1 fundamental and 3 harmonic peaks), representing the predominant structural parameter of the fibers, the center-to-center spacing of collagen fibrils. The average center-to-center spacing of the collagen fibrils was found from the position of the peaks. For a normal fiber of reticular dermis, this spacing was 116 nm. The fibril diameter appeared to modulate the peak heights.
Functional Nanovalves on Protein-Coated Nanoparticles for In vitro and In vivo Controlled Drug Delivery (2014)

A multifunctional mesoporous drug delivery system that contains fluorescent imaging molecules, targeting proteins, and pH-sensitive nanovalves is developed and tested. Three nanovalve-mesoporous silica nanoparticle (NV-MSN) systems with varied quantities of nanovalves on the surface are synthesized. These systems are characterized and tested to optimize the trade-off between the coverage of nanovalves on the MSNs to effectively trap and deliver cargo, and the remaining underivatized silanol groups that can be used for protein attachments. The NV-MSN system that has satisfactory coverage for high loading and spare silanols is chosen, and transferrin (Tf) is integrated into the system. Abiotic studies are performed to test the operation of the nanovalve in the presence of the protein. In vitro studies are carried out to demonstrate the autonomous activation and function of the nanovalves in the system under biological conditions. Enhanced cellular uptake of the Tf-modified MSNs is seen using fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry in MiaPaCa-2 cells. The MSNs are then tested using SCID mice, which show that both targeted and untargeted NV-MSN systems are fully functional to effectively deliver cargo. These new multifunctional nanoparticles serve proof of concept of nanovalve functionality in the presence of large proteins and demonstrate another dimension of MSN-based theranostic platforms.
Supplementary Table 4 from BET Bromodomain Inhibition of <i>MYC</i>-Amplified Medulloblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 71K, Differentially expressed genes following treatment with JQ1.&lt;/p&gt;
Torque characteristics of TSCAOI configured induction generators (2016)

Three-phase cage induction machines, configured in two series-connected and one isolated (TSCAOI) configuration, have earlier been proposed for variable speed single-phase electricity generation. Although steady-state characteristics of TSCAOI generators have previously been investigated, both the nature of torque due to unbalanced operation and its impact on overall performance are yet to be analyzed. This paper therefore carries out a detailed investigation into the torque production of the generator, analyzing both the average and fluctuating components of the torque under various operating conditions. Theoretical torque-speed characteristics of a 3 kW 4-pole TSCAOI configured generator are presented in comparison to simulations, discussing its salient features and limitations.
Spectroscopic pH measurement for high temperatures, pressures and ionic strength (2006)

Abstract The optical spectroscopic technique using pH sensitive dyes has been extended to measure pH in high‐temperature, pressure, and ionic strength environments. Lack of standard calibrating buffers for these conditions necessitated a two‐step process for development of this technique. The first step involved chemical equilibrium modeling to predict pH values of simple buffer salt systems at high temperatures, pressures and ionic strengths. The second step involved using these modeled buffer solutions as calibration solutions for the dye chemistry and equilibrium dissociation constant. Optical spectra of dye in these buffer solutions were used to calibrate the dye equilibrium dissociation constant. Results are presented for 293°K to 373°K temperature range, 0.101325–65.5 MPa pressure range and 0–3 mol/kg water ionic strength range. Once the dye equilibrium dissociation constant has been characterized, pH of unknown solutions can be obtained from their dye spectra. This method has been successfully employed for high‐temperature and high‐pressure measurements of oilfield waters. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Filter bank based narrowband interference detection and suppression in spread spectrum systems (2003)

A complex modulated filter bank based narrowband interference detection and suppression method is developed and its performance is studied in a spread spectrum system. The use of an efficient decimated filter bank with a highly selective subband filter prototype, in combination with a newly developed excision algorithm, offers a solution with efficient implementation that gives better performance than the FFT-based reference systems, especially in the presence of strong interference.
The ortho normalized volume magnetic source technique applied to live‐site UXO data: Inversion and classification studies (2011)

The orttho‐normalized volume magnetic source technique (ONMVS) [1] is applied to Camp Butner, NC, live‐site UXO MetalMapper data inversion and subsurface metallic target discrimination. The ONVMS model can be considered as a generalized surface dipole model, and in fact reverts to the point dipole model as a limiting case. The method is based on the assumption that a collection of scatterers can be replaced with a set of magnetic dipole sources, distributed over a volume. These sources mimic the eddy currents and thereby the magnetic response that are induced on the targets by the primary magnetic field, and that in turn establish the observable secondary field. In this study, twenty‐four hundred anomalies were processed. The anomaly sets included three types of UXOs: M48 Fuze, 105 mm and 37 mm projectiles. The effective total ONVMS amplitudes were used to discriminate UXO's from metallic clutter. The amplitudes of the total ONVMS were determined for each anomaly along three orthogonal axes by inverting MetalMapper data using the combined ONVMS and differential evolution algorithm. The inverted anomalies were ranked as UXO and non‐UXO targets and submitted to the Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) for independent scoring. The independent scoring results that are presented here, suggest that the ONVMS technique has the potential to improve UXO classification.
Overview and Future Challenge of Floating Body Cell (FBC) Technology for Embedded Applications (2006)

A one-transistor memory cell on silicon-on-insulator, called floating body cell (FBC), has been developed for high density embedded DRAM applications. The functionality of a 128Mb FBC DRAM using fully compatible 90nm CMOS technology has been successfully demonstrated. The memory cell design, such as fully-depleted (FD) operation with substrate-bias, and the process integration, such as well and Cu wiring, are reviewed. The scalability and future challenge of FBC technology are discussed as well
Selective electrostatic eradication of Sitophilus oryzae nesting in stored rice. (2018)

We devised a simple electrostatic apparatus to selectively kill nesting rice weevils (Sitophilus oryzae), the most destructive pests of stored grains, seeds, and grain products. The apparatus consisted of two parallel stainless steel nets and external insulator boards. One net (CN) was linked to a direct-current voltage generator to supply a negative charge; the other net (EN) was linked to a grounded line. The negative charge on the CN positively polarized the EN through electrostatic induction, forming an electric field between the nets. Electrostatic discharge from the CN depended on the distance between the nets (pole distance) and the voltage applied to the CN. Adult rice weevils were introduced into the electric field between the nets, which were charged to the maximum voltages possible without triggering electric discharge in the CN. Once the insects were introduced, they were subjected to instantaneous and transient electric current by an arc discharge from the CN, and violently ejected from the electric field. These insects were electrocuted, and the number of dismembered insects increased as the applied voltage increased. This exterminatory effect was similarly detected when a mixture of rice grains and insect pests was introduced into the electric field. Pests were selectively electrocuted within the apparatus due to the high conductivity of the insect cuticle and the insulative properties of rice grains. The proposed system is simple and easy to construct, and its scale can be enlarged through the use of larger nets, corresponding to the volume of rice grains. Thus, the present study provides an experimental basis for the practical application of an electrostatics-based pest control method.
Approximations of Stochastic Hybrid Systems (2009)

This paper develops a notion of approximation for a class of stochastic hybrid systems that includes, as special cases, both jump linear stochastic systems and linear stochastic hybrid automata. Our approximation framework is based on the recently developed notion of the so-called stochastic simulation functions. These Lyapunov-like functions can be used to rigorously quantify the distance or error between a system and its approximate abstraction. For the class of jump linear stochastic systems and linear stochastic hybrid automata, we show that the computation of stochastic simulation functions can be cast as a tractable linear matrix inequality problem. This enables us to compute the modeling error incurred by abstracting some of the continuous dynamics, or by neglecting the influence of stochastic noise, or even the influence of stochastic discrete jumps.
A Unified Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Map of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Derived from Current Genomic Resources (2015)

ABSTRACT Dense genetic maps are critical tools for plant breeders and geneticists. While many maps have been developed for sunflower in the last few decades, most have been based on low‐throughput technologies and include marker numbers in the hundreds. However, two maps with reasonably dense coverage of about 5000 and 9000 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci each have recently been produced using high‐throughput genotyping methods. Unfortunately, no mapping population is common between the two maps, making the development of a joint map a challenge. With genome sequencing and resequencing of mapping populations currently in progress, there will be opportunities in the near future to develop much more informative resources. In the meantime, there is much demand from the sunflower community, particularly plant breeders, to combine these two maps to develop a denser map for immediate needs. In this paper, we used an in silico approach to join the two SNP maps by placing our existing marker sequences on draft genome scaffolds. Genetic map positions of the markers were determined from a resequenced mapping population aligned to the same draft genome scaffolds. In this way, we were able to directly place 10,247 SNP and insertion‐deletion (Indel) loci on a common linkage map, and also provide the ability to infer genetic position of a further 6724 SNP loci from both previously published maps. These results will allow researchers to compare previous genetics research conducted on the separate maps, and facilitate collaborative work on marker‐assisted breeding approaches in sunflower.
One is Almost Enough for Monopoly (1985)

It has been argued that two factors -- product durability and (potential) entry -- may force a monopolist to price at marginal cost. This article shows that when these two forces coexist, the tendency toward competition may be negated. First, we prove that durable goods oligopolists without commitment powers may attain joint profits arbitrarily close to those of a monopolist with perfect commitment power. Second, we demonstrate that the presence of a potential entrant may enable a durable goods monopolist to act as if he had commitment power. Thus, potential as well as actual entry may restore monopoly power.
Proposal and Analysis of Region-Based Location Service Management Protocol for VANETs (2008)

One of the major challenges for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is related to efficient location management issue. In this paper, we propose a new region-based location service management protocol (RLSMP) that uses mobility patterns as means to synthesize vehicle movement and thus can be used in VANETs applications. One of the key distinguishing features of our solution from existing literature is its scalability since it uses message aggregation in both updating and querying, and promises locality awareness as well as minimum signaling overhead. To evaluate the efficiency of our proposal, we compare our scheme with existing solutions using both analytical and simulation approaches. To achieve this, we develop analytical models to evaluate the location updates cost. Numerical and simulation results show that our protocol scales better than existing schemes, when increasing the size of VANET which enhances the feasibility of such large scale ad hoc networks.
Abrupt Thermal Shock of (NH4)2Mo3S13 Leads to Ultrafast Synthesis of Porous Ensembles of MoS2 Nanocrystals for High Gain Photodetectors (2018)

Ultrafast synthesis of high-quality transition-metal dichalcogenide nanocrystals, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>), is technologically relevant for large-scale production of electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a rapid solid-state synthesis route for MoS<sub>2</sub> using the chemically homogeneous molecular precursor, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>S<sub>13</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O, resulting in nanoparticles with estimated size down to 25 nm only in 10 s at 1000 °C. Despite the extreme nonequilibrium conditions, the resulting porous MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles remain aggregated to preserve the form of the original rod shape bulk morphology of the molecular precursor. This ultrafast synthesis proceeds through the rapid decomposition of the precursor and rearrangement of Mo and S atoms coupled with simultaneous efficient release of massive gaseous species, to create nanoscale porosity in the resulting isomorphic pseudocrystals, which are composed of the MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles. Despite the very rapid escape of massive amounts of NH<sub>3</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, H<sub>2</sub>S, and S gases from the (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>3</sub>S<sub>13</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O mm sized crystals, they retain their original shape as they convert to MoS<sub>2</sub> rather than undergo explosive destruction from the rapid escape process of the gases. The obtained pseudocrystals are made of aggregated MoS<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals exhibit a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area of ∼35 m<sup>2</sup>/g with an adsorption average pore width of ∼160 Å. The nanoporous MoS<sub>2</sub> crystals are solution processable by dispersing in ethanol and water and can be cast into large-area uniform composite films. Photodetectors fabricated from these films show more than 2 orders of magnitude higher conductivity (∼6.25 × 10<sup>-6</sup> S/cm) and photoconductive gain (20 mA/W) than previous reports of MoS<sub>2</sub> composite films. The optoelectronic properties of this nanoporous MoS<sub>2</sub> imply that the shallow defects that originate from the ultrafast synthesis act as sensitizing centers that increase the photocurrent gain via two-level recombination kinetics.