gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving multiple degrees of freedom in long-range mm-wave MIMO channels using randomly distributed relays (2013)

Multi-Gbps, long-range wireless communication at millimeter wave frequencies is characterized by channels with strong line-of-sight signal components, with link budgets relying on highly directional and dense transmit and receive antenna arrays with sub-wavelength inter-element spacing. A natural method to further increase data rates over such channels is to spatially multiplex several data streams by providing additional antenna arrays at both ends of the communication system. However, at the link ranges of interest, the resulting MIMO channel rank, largely governed by the Rayleigh criterion, is deficient for inter-array spacings that can be realized with reasonable node size. As exact relay placement is out of the question, one scalable approach to obtaining the maximum available degrees of freedom is to introduce relay nodes randomly distributed over a sufficiently large region that the effective inter-relay spacing satisfies a probabilistic version of the Rayleigh criterion. In this paper, we present analysis and simulation results which provide design guidelines regarding the required size of the relay region, and quantify the dependence of performance on the number of relays.
Integrase-Specific Enhancement and Suppression of Retroviral DNA Integration by Compacted Chromatin Structure In Vitro (2004)

Integration of viral DNA into the host chromosome is an obligatory step in retroviral replication and is dependent on the activity of the viral enzyme integrase. To examine the influence of chromatin structure on retroviral DNA integration in vitro, we used a model target comprising a 13-nucleosome extended array that includes binding sites for specific transcription factors and can be compacted into a higher-ordered structure. We found that the efficiency of in vitro integration catalyzed by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) integrase was decreased after compaction of this target with histone H1. In contrast, integration by avian sarcoma virus (ASV) integrase was more efficient after compaction by either histone H1 or a high salt concentration, suggesting that the compacted structure enhances this reaction. Furthermore, although site-specific binding of transcription factors HNF3 and GATA4 blocked ASV DNA integration in extended nucleosome arrays, local opening of H1-compacted chromatin by HNF3 had no detectable effect on integration, underscoring the preference of ASV for compacted chromatin. Our results indicate that chromatin structure affects integration site selection of the HIV-1 and ASV integrases in opposite ways. These distinct properties of integrases may also affect target site selection in vivo, resulting in an important bias against or in favor of integration into actively transcribed host DNA.
Mid-infrared photonics devices in SOI (2013)

In this paper we present silicon photonics devices designed for the 3-4&mu;m wavelength region including waveguides, MMIs, ring resonators and Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The devices are based on silicon on insulator (SOI) platform. We show that 400-500 nm high silicon waveguides can have propagation losses as low as ~ 4 dB/cm at 3.8&mu;m. We also demonstrate MMIs with insertion loss of 0.25 dB, high extinction ratio asymmetric Mach-Zehnder interferometers, and SOI ring resonators. This combined with our previous results reported at 3.4&mu;m confirm that SOI is a viable platform for the 3-4 &mu;m region and that low loss mid-infrared passive devices can be realized on it.
A Randomized Study of Three Interventions for Aspiration of Thin Liquids in Patients With Dementia or Parkinson’s Disease (2008)

To identify best short-term intervention to prevent aspiration of thin liquid in patients with dementia and/or Parkinson's disease, a videofluorographic swallow assessment is needed. Evidence-based practice requires taking patient preference into account when designing a dysphagic patient's management plan. The longer-term impact of short-term prevention of aspiration requires further study.
Novel duplex vapor-electrochemical method for silicon solar cells. Quarterly progress report, 1 Aug--31 Oct 1977 (1977)

Silicon obtained by the SiF/sub 4/-Na reaction was analyzed by spark source mass spectrometry (SSMS). Silicon samples prepared from induction melted powder were evaluated for electrical properties using four point probe conductivity and thermoelectric methods. The amount of silicon produced was increased from 25 g per batch (in the glass reactor) to greater than 70 g per batch in the stainless steel reactor. The study of the effects of reaction variables such as P sub SiF4 and maximum temperature attained on the particle size of silicon powder showed that the silicon particle size tends to grow larger with increasing pressure of the SiF4 gas in the reaction system.
Piezoelectric touch-sensitive flexible hybrid energy harvesting nanoarchitectures (2010)

In this work, we report a flexible hybrid nanoarchitecture that can be utilized as both an energy harvester and a touch sensor on a single platform without any cross-talk problems. Based on the electron transport and piezoelectric properties of a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructured thin film, a hybrid cell was designed and the total thickness was below 500 nm on a plastic substrate. Piezoelectric touch signals were demonstrated under independent and simultaneous operations with respect to photo-induced charges. Different levels of piezoelectric output signals from different magnitudes of touching pressures suggest new user-interface functions from our hybrid cell. From a signal controller, the decoupled performance of a hybrid cell as an energy harvester and a touch sensor was confirmed. Our hybrid approach does not require additional assembly processes for such multiplex systems of an energy harvester and a touch sensor since we utilize the coupled material properties of ZnO and output signal processing. Furthermore, the hybrid cell can provide a multi-type energy harvester by both solar and mechanical touching energies.
Dynamical Binding Modes Determine Agonistic and Antagonistic Ligand Effects in the Prostate-Specific G-Protein Coupled Receptor (PSGR) (2017)

We analysed the ligand-based activation mechanism of the prostate-specific G-protein coupled receptor (PSGR), which is an olfactory receptor that mediates cellular growth in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, it is an olfactory receptor with a known chemically near identic antagonist/agonist pair, α- and β-ionone. Using a combined theoretical and experimental approach, we propose that this receptor is activated by a ligand-induced rearrangement of a protein-internal hydrogen bond network. Surprisingly, this rearrangement is not induced by interaction of the ligand with the network, but by dynamic van der Waals contacts of the ligand with the involved amino acid side chains, altering their conformations and intraprotein connectivity. Ligand recognition in this GPCR is therefore highly stereo selective, but seemingly lacks any ligand recognition via polar contacts. A putative olfactory receptor-based drug design scheme will have to take this unique mode of protein/ligand action into account.
Least squares design of nonuniform filter banks with evaluation in speech enhancement (2004)

This paper presents a method for least squares design of nonuniform filter banks for application in subband signal processing. Design objectives aim to optimize the filter bank frequency response while minimizing subband and output aliasing. Aliasing is minimized although magnitude and phase changes affect the aliasing terms. Filter banks with increasing bandwidth are designed with the proposed method and evaluated in speech enhancement using a spectral subtraction algorithm. When using a nonuniform frequency resolution approximating that of the human auditory system it is shown that an increased noise reduction and SNR improvement is achieved while maintaining the speech quality for a fixed number of frequency-bands.
Magnetic resonance elastography of skeletal muscle (2001)

While the contractile properties of skeletal muscle have been studied extensively, relatively little is known about the elastic properties of muscle in vivo. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a phase contrast-based method for observing shear waves propagating in a material to determine its stiffness. In this work, MRE is applied to skeletal muscle under load to quantify the change in stiffness with loading. A mathematical model of muscle is developed that predicts a linear relationship between shear stiffness and muscle load. The MRE technique was applied to bovine muscle specimens (N = 10) and human biceps brachii in vivo (N = 5). Muscle stiffness increased linearly for both passive tension (14.5 +/- 1.77 kPa/kg) and active tension, in which the increase in stiffness was dependent upon muscle size, as predicted by the model. A means of noninvasively assessing the viscoelastic pro-perties of skeletal muscle in vivo may provide a useful method for studying muscle biomechanics in health and disease.
Prognostic factors for time to progression and residual survival under second-line chemotherapy in advanced pancreatic cancer (2008)

15631 Background: Second-line chemotherapy is widely used in advanced pancreatic cancer. However, only little data exist concerning the question which patients might benefit from second-line therapy. We intended to identify prognostic factors for time to second progression and rest survival under second-line chemotherapy of advanced pancreatic cancer. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 78 patients who started palliative chemotherapy at our department from January 2004 to June 2006 due to advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. This analysis focusses on 46 patients who experienced progression under first-line therapy. Results: In multivariate analyses time to first progression below 6 months and elevated LDH at the time of diagnosis were shown to be strong and highly significant independent prognostic factors for time to second progression and residual survival. For patients with time to first progression shorter than 6 months the prognosis was poor with a median residual survival of 4.4 months versus 7.5 months for those with time to first progression of 6 months or more. Conclusions: In our cohort of patients with advanced pancreatic cancer who receive second-line chemotherapy, time to first progression below 6 months is a strong negative prognostic factor for time to second progression and residual survival. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Carbohydrate malabsorption. Its measurement and its contribution to diarrhea. (1990)

The major purpose of this research was to gain insight into the effect of carbohydrate malabsorption on fecal water output. To do this we measured daily fecal output of total carbohydrate, reducing sugars, and organic acids (a product of bacterial fermentation). Normal subjects were studied in their native state and when diarrhea was induced by mechanisms that did and did not involve carbohydrate malabsorption. Patients with malabsorption syndrome were also studied. We concluded that: (a) Excretion of carbohydrate and its breakdown products can be expressed as a single number by converting organic acids to their monosaccharide equivalents. (b) Diarrhea per se causes only a trivial increase in fecal carbohydrate excretion. (c) The molar output of osmotic moieties in feces due to unabsorbed carbohydrate can be determined by adding fecal reducing sugars to organic acids and their obligated cations. This expression parallels almost exactly the effect of increasing doses of lactulose (a nonabsorbable sugar) on fecal water output; one excreted millimole obligates 3.5 g of stool water. This relationship can be used to predict the effect of carbohydrate malabsorption on stool water output in patients with diarrhea. (d) 12 of 19 patients with malabsorption syndrome due to various diseases had excessive fecal excretion of carbohydrate and its breakdown products; of the diseases that cause malabsorption syndrome, combined small and large bowel resection is most likely to result in excessive fecal excretion of carbohydrate and monosaccharide equivalents. In 6 of these 19 patients carbohydrate malabsorption appeared to be the major cause of diarrhea.
20121 Local Stress Evaluation Based on Image-based Finite Element Analyses of Porous Aluminum (2014)

Porous aluminum is expected to be applied as a multifunctional material in various industrial fields because of its lightweight and high energy absorptivity. It is expected that, if the compression properties of porous aluminum can be estimated by analytical method, the practical use of porous aluminum is promoted in industrial fields. In this study, based on X-ray CT images of porous aluminum (ALPORAS), finite element modeling using voxel elements or tetrahedral elements was carried out. For each model, elastic finite element analyses were carried out under uniaxial compression loading. On the basis of analytical results, the effects of meshing on the stress concentration and stress distribution etc. were studied. Moreover, the possibility of evaluating the compression properties of porous aluminum was discussed.
Thermodynamically coupled biosensors for detecting neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants (2022)

We designed a protein biosensor that uses thermodynamic coupling for sensitive and rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants in serum. The biosensor is a switchable, caged luciferase-receptor-binding domain (RBD) construct that detects serum-antibody interference with the binding of virus RBD to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) as a proxy for neutralization. Our coupling approach does not require target modification and can better distinguish sample-to-sample differences in analyte binding affinity and abundance than traditional competition-based assays.
Intracranial Pressure during Nitroglycerin-Induced Hypotension (1981)

COTTRELL, J. E.; GUPTA, B.; RAPPAPORT, H.; TURNDORF, H.; RANSOHOFF, J.; FLAMM, E. S. Author Information
Crystalline alkyl-lithiums from α-trimethylsilyl-substituted o-xylenes; X-ray crystal structure of [{o-C6H4(CHSiMe3)2}{Li(tmeda)}2](tmedaMe2NCH2CH2NMe2) (1982)

Reaction of [o-C6H4(CHRR′)(CHR″R‴)](R,R′,R″,R‴H or SiMe3) With LiBun in n-hexane in the presence of Me2NCH2CH2NMe2(tmeda) or MeN (CH2CH2NMe2)2(pmdeta) results in selective lithiation of the α-carbon in a manner dependent on the nature of the associated substituents and the tertiary amine to afford novel crystalline lithium alkyls; a single-crystal X-ray structure determination of [{o-C6H4(CHSiMe3)2}{Li(tmeda)}2] shows each lithium to interact with both the α-and adjacent ring carbon atoms from opposite sides of the o-xylidene plane.
Geological investigation of the excavation-induced landslide in a geothermal area in Sumatra, Indonesia (2022)

A geothermal power plant was planned to be constructed in mountainous and geothermal area in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The site is underlain by volcanic rocks and their decomposed soils in the Quaternary period. High cut slopes with a maximum height of about 80 m were required for the site formation works on a mountain ridge. The cut slopes were designed based on limited soil investigation data in the thick tropical rainforest. A small scale landslide took place immediately after the excavation started on one of the slopes. To find out the cause of the landslide, an additional soil investigation was carried out. The removal of the vegetation from the slope made an examination of rock conditions by a geologist possible. The additional investigation and examination revealed that there exist thick residual soils, expansive clay minerals related to hydrothermal alteration, discontinuities/faults with slickenside planes irregularly on the slopes, typically formed by geothermal activities under tropical conditions. A few potential landslide masses were also recognized on the slopes. A remedy slope design was carried out using newly obtained information for the entire slopes including rectification of landslides. The rectification work includes soil removal and installation of rock anchors at the upper part and foot of landslides respectively based on results of stability analysis. Because of complex geological features, we decided to resume the slope excavation after examination of the slopes and guidance by an on-site geologist and monitoring of ground using geotechnical devices. The slope design including slope angle and protection was altered in a timely manner once the adverse geology was encountered. After downtime for 9 months, the remaining slope excavation was safely completed. This paper presents the landslide feature related to geothermal geology and how it was rectified.
Low‐level Laser (Light) Therapy Increases Mitochondrial Membrane Potential and ATP Synthesis in C2C12 Myotubes with a Peak Response at 3–6 h (2014)

Low-level laser (light) therapy has been used before exercise to increase muscle performance in both experimental animals and in humans. However, uncertainty exists concerning the optimum time to apply the light before exercise. The mechanism of action is thought to be stimulation of mitochondrial respiration in muscles, and to increase adenosine triphosphate (ATP) needed to perform exercise. The goal of this study was to investigate the time course of the increases in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and ATP in myotubes formed from C2C12 mouse muscle cells and exposed to light-emitting diode therapy (LEDT). LEDT employed a cluster of LEDs with 20 red (630 ± 10 nm, 25 mW) and 20 near-infrared (850 ± 10 nm, 50 mW) delivering 28 mW cm(2) for 90 s (2.5 J cm(2)) with analysis at 5 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h post-LEDT. LEDT-6 h had the highest MMP, followed by LEDT-3 h, LEDT-24 h, LEDT-5 min and Control with significant differences. The same order (6 h > 3 h > 24 h > 5 min > Control) was found for ATP with significant differences. A good correlation was found (r = 0.89) between MMP and ATP. These data suggest an optimum time window of 3-6 h for LEDT stimulate muscle cells.
Tomographic study of atomic-scale redistribution of platinum during the silicidation of Ni0.95Pt0.05/Si(100) thin films (2009)

Atom-probe tomography was utilized to study the distribution of Pt after silicidation of a solid-solution Ni0.95Pt0.05 thin film on Si(100). Direct evidence of Pt short-circuit diffusion via grain boundaries, Harrison’s type-B regime, is found after silicidation to form (Ni0.99Pt0.01)Si. This underscores the importance of interfacial phenomena for stabilizing this low-resistivity phase, providing insights into the modification of NiSi texture, grain size, and morphology caused by Pt. Platinum segregates at the (Ni0.99Pt0.01)Si/Si(100) interface, which may be responsible for the increased resistance of (Ni0.99Pt0.01)Si to agglomeration. The relative shift in work function between as-deposited and annealed states is greater for Ni(Pt)Si than for NiSi.
Impact of ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) pretreatment on energy consumption during drying, grinding, and pelletization of corn stover (2016)

Pretreatment and densification of biomass can increase the viability of bioenergy production by providing a feedstock that is readily hydrolyzed and able to be transported over greater distances. Ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX™) is one such method targeted for use at distributed depots to create a value-added and densified feedstock for bioenergy use. However, the pretreatment process results in a high-moisture material that must be dried, further size reduced, and pelletized, all of which are energy-intensive processes. This work quantifies the energy consumption required to dry, grind, and densify AFEX-pretreated corn stover compared to non-pretreated stover and explores the potential of reduced drying as a means to conserve energy. The purpose of this work is to understand whether material property changes resulting from AFEX pretreatment influence the material performance in downstream formatting operations. Material properties, heat balance equations, and a rotary drum dryer model were used to model a commercial-scale rotary drum dryer for AFEX-pretreated corn stover, showing the potential to reduce dryer energy consumption by up to 36% compared to non-pretreated corn stover. Laboratory-measured grinding and pelleting energies were both very sensitive to material moisture content. Overall, the total energy required for drying, grinding, and pelleting amounts to a savings of up to 23 kWh/dry Mg for the AFEX-pretreated material when dried to a low moisture content, equating to up to 0.61 $/Mg savings for gas and electricity. Grinding and pelleting of high-moisture AFEX-pretreated stover was shown to be more costlier than the savings collected through reduced drying. Although the energy and cost savings shown here are modest, the results help to highlight operational challenges and opportunities for continued improvement.
A quick and versatile one step metal–organic chemical deposition method for supported Pt and Pt-alloy catalysts (2020)

A simple, modified Metal-Organic Chemical Deposition (MOCD) method for Pt, PtRu and PtCo nanoparticle deposition onto a variety of support materials, including C, SiC, B<sub>4</sub>C, LaB<sub>6</sub>, TiB<sub>2</sub>, TiN and a ceramic/carbon nanofiber, is described. Pt deposition using Pt(acac)<sub>2</sub> as a precursor is shown to occur <i>via</i> a mixed solid/liquid/vapour precursor phase which results in a high Pt yield of 90-92% on the support material. Pt and Pt alloy nanoparticles range 1.5-6.2 nm, and are well dispersed on all support materials, in a one-step method, with a total catalyst preparation time of ∼10 hours (2.4-4× quicker than conventional methods). The MOCD preparation method includes moderate temperatures of 350 °C in a tubular furnace with an inert gas supply at 2 bar, a high pressure (2-4 bar) compared to typical MOCVD methods (∼0.02-10 mbar). Pt/C catalysts with Pt loadings of 20, 40 and 60 wt% were synthesised, physically characterised, electrochemically characterised and compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts. TEM, XRD and <i>ex situ</i> EXAFS show similar Pt particle sizes and Pt particle shape identifiers, namely the ratio of the third to first Pt coordination numbers modelled from <i>ex situ</i> EXAFS, between the MOCD prepared catalysts and commercial catalysts. Moreover, electrochemical characterisation of the Pt/C MOCD catalysts obtained ORR mass activities with a maximum of 428 A g<sub>Pt</sub> <sup>-1</sup> at 0.9 V, which has similar mass activities to the commercial catalysts (80-160% compared to the commercial Pt/C catalysts).
Ion Thruster Accelerator Grids (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Grid Configurations Ion Accelerator Basics Ion Optics Electron Backstreaming High-Voltage Considerations Ion Accelerator Grid Life References Problems
Morphology Control of Mesoporous Silica Particles Using Bile Acids as Cosurfactants (2018)

Morphology control and tuning of nanomaterials are crucial to determine their properties and applications. Solutions based on different synthetic methodologies have been proposed, and in general they required variation of several parameters. Here, a new facile and cost-effective bottom-up strategy to control the morphology of mesoporous silica particles is presented. Specifically, catanionic templating systems composed of bile acids and CTAB enable the production of submicrometer MCM-41 particles of various shapes, high porosity, and remarkable features. The variation of a single component, the bile acid, leads to the preparation of particles with different morphologies. For instance, small (<500 nm) well-separated hexagonal platelets and twisted rods, with tunable aspect ratio and chiral pore channels, were prepared. Experiments aimed at elucidating the role of the bile acids showed that the control of shape is due to the specific interactions between bile acids and CTAB.