gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geoacoustic parameters in a stratified sea bottom from shallow-water acoustic propagation (1987)

Due to the difficulty of direct measurement, there is a need to develop inverse techniques for remote sensing bottom geoacoustic parameters in the lowan mode measurements are extended to extract acoustic attenuation and speed in a horizontally stratified bottom in shallow water as a function of frequency and depth. The computational and experimental results show that, for a limited frequency band, we can find an equivalent depth profile of sea-bottom acoustic attenuation with a linear frequency dependence that simulates the effect of nonlinear frequency dependence (without depth structure) on some field characteristics, such as the attenuation rate of individual mode, the frequency response of long-range sound propagation, and the amplitude ratio of mode 2 to mode 1. However, the resultant equivalent negative gradient for the sea-bottom attenuation is too strong to be accepted in light of available data. The conclusion is that nonlinear frequency dependence of the acoustic attenuation in the upper sedimentary layer is required to explain many aspects of shallow-water sound propagation.
Synthesis of β‐Lactam from Acyl(arylcarbamoyl)‐S,S‐bis(alkylketene) Dithioacetal: Revised Structure of the Product from Thermal Cyclization of Acyl(arylcarbamoyl)‐S,S‐bis(alkylketene) Dithioacetal. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Data-Driven Robust Control of Discrete-Time Uncertain Linear Systems via Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning (2019)

This paper presents a model-free solution to the robust stabilization problem of discrete-time linear dynamical systems with bounded and mismatched uncertainty. An optimal controller design method is derived to solve the robust control problem, which results in solving an algebraic Riccati equation (ARE). It is shown that the optimal controller obtained by solving the ARE can robustly stabilize the uncertain system. To develop a model-free solution to the translated ARE, off-policy reinforcement learning (RL) is employed to solve the problem in hand without the requirement of system dynamics. In addition, the comparisons between on- and off-policy RL methods are presented regarding the robustness to probing noise and the dependence on system dynamics. Finally, a simulation example is carried out to validate the efficacy of the presented off-policy RL approach.
LPS activated dendritic cell vaccine in combination with immunomodulatory dose of cyclophosphamide in patients with stage IV melanoma: Preliminary report from the phase I/IIa clinical trial (2008)

3049 Background: Our studies demonstrate that only a fraction of patients with stage IV melanoma who undergo DC vaccination mount an immune response to tumor antigens presented on the vaccines. Two immune parameters appear linked to clinical outcome of the patients: 1) objective clinical response is associated with induction of melanoma-specific effector cells; and 2) all patients display melanoma- specific Tregs that may counteract effector cells. Thus, we need to identify the next generation DC vaccines able to tilt the balance towards strong effector cells that can overcome Tregs control. Methods: We have initiated a phase I/II clinical trial (IRB #006–025; BB-IND #12919) enrolling patients with stage IV melanoma. Patients receive 7 injections of an autologous DC vaccine generated from monocytes by culturing with GM-CSF and Type I interferon, loaded with killed allogeneic melanoma cells and activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Patients receive cyclophosphamide 300mg/m2 intravenously 3 days prior to DC vaccinations # 1, 3, 5, 6 and 7. The trial is based on an initial toxicity evaluation in the first 10 patients on top of a 2-stage response rule - 1/19 to continue and 5/30 to accept. The primary end-points are the rate of objective clinical response and the safety/feasibility of the vaccination preparation. Results: Our pre-clinical results demonstrate that LPS (TLR4 ligand) is superior to poly I:C (TLR3) and/or a mixture of inflammatory cytokines in priming IFN-DCs to secrete IL12p70. LPS-activated IFN-DCs loaded with killed allogeneic melanoma cells are better in priming of autologous CD8+ T cells. Thus, such vaccine is expected to induce stronger immune responses in patients, thereby leading to better clinical outcomes. To date 3 patients were enrolled and begun vaccinations. Vaccinations were safe and tolerable. One of two patients eligible for week 10 staging demonstrated a partial regression of multiple metastatic lesions by RECIST criteria. Conclusions: LPS activation improves in vitro cross-priming capacity of DC vaccines. Preliminary results in vivo show safety and feasibility of LPS-activated DC vaccine in patients with stage IV melanoma. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration ODC Therapy, Inc
PDGF-DD, a novel mediator of smooth muscle cell phenotypic modulation, is upregulated in endothelial cells exposed to atherosclerosis-prone flow patterns (2008)

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a well-known smooth muscle (SM) cell (SMC) phenotypic modulator that signals by binding to PDGF alphaalpha-, alphabeta-, and betabeta-membrane receptors. PDGF-DD is a recently identified PDGF family member, and its role in SMC phenotypic modulation is unknown. Here we demonstrate that PDGF-DD inhibited expression of multiple SMC genes, including SM alpha-actin and SM myosin heavy chain, and upregulated expression of the potent SMC differentiation repressor gene Kruppel-like factor-4 at the mRNA and protein levels. On the basis of the results of promoter-reporter assays, changes in SMC gene expression were mediated, at least in part, at the level of transcription. Attenuation of the SMC phenotypic modulatory activity of PDGF-DD by pharmacological inhibitors of ERK phosphorylation and by a small interfering RNA to Kruppel-like factor-4 highlight the role of these two pathways in this process. PDGF-DD failed to repress SM alpha-actin and SM myosin heavy chain in mouse SMCs lacking a functional PDGF beta-receptor. Importantly, PDGF-DD expression was increased in neointimal lesions in the aortic arch region of apolipoprotein C-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Furthermore, human endothelial cells exposed to an atherosclerosis-prone flow pattern, as in vascular regions susceptible to the development of atherosclerosis, exhibited a significant increase in PDGF-DD expression. These findings demonstrate a novel activity for PDGF-DD in SMC biology and highlight the potential contribution of this molecule to SMC phenotypic modulation in the setting of disturbed blood flow.
Visualization of Acute Liver Damage Induced by Cycloheximide in Rats Using PET with [18F]FEDAC, a Radiotracer for Translocator Protein (18 kDa) (2014)

Liver damage induced by drug toxicity is an important concern for both medical doctors and patients. The aim of this study was to noninvasively visualize acute liver damage using positron emission tomography (PET) with N-benzyl-N-methyl-2-[7,8-dihydro-7-(2-[(18)F]fluoroethyl)-8-oxo-2-phenyl-9H-purin-9-yl]acetamide ([(18)F]FEDAC), a radiotracer specific for translocator protein (18 kDa, TSPO) as a biomarker for inflammation, and to determine cellular sources enriching TSPO expression in the liver. A mild acute liver damage model was prepared by a single intraperitoneal injection of cycloheximide (CHX) into rats. Treatment with CHX induced apoptosis and necrotic changes in hepatocytes with slight neutrophil infiltration. The uptake of radioactivity in the rat livers was measured with PET after injection of [(18)F]FEDAC. The uptake of [(18)F]FEDAC increased in livers damaged from treatment with CHX compared to the controls. Presence of TSPO was examined in the liver tissue using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical assays. mRNA expression of TSPO was elevated in the damaged livers compared to the controls, and the level was correlated with the [(18)F]FEDAC uptake and severity of damage. TSPO expression in the damaged liver sections was mainly found in macrophages (Kupffer cells) and neutrophils, but not in hepatocytes. The elevation of TSPO mRNA expression was derived from the increase of the number of macrophages with TSPO and neutrophils with TSPO in damaged livers. From this study we considered that PET imaging with [(18)F]FEDAC represented the mild liver damage through the enhanced TSPO signal in inflammatory cells. We conclude that this method may be a useful tool for diagnosis in early stage of acute liver damage.
A 14 bit dual-ramp DAC for digital-audio systems (1982)

A 14 bit digital-to-analog converter system based upon a dual-ramp technique has been fabricated in a standard monolithic bipolar process. The system features a precision sample-and-hold amplifier and postpackage trim for 0.003 percent linearity. The conversion time is 20 /spl mu/s.
Apoptosis-inducing agents: a patent review (2010 – 2013) (2014)

Most of the chemotherapeutics employed in cancer treatment leads to suppression of tumor via cell death irrespective of the mechanism of action or molecular target. No effective drug has emerged from the direct activation/inhibition of apoptotic regulatory proteins and of late some potential drugs, such as oblimersen, navitoclax, etc., targeting Bcl-2 family of proteins are under clinical trials. However, most of these molecules lacks efficacy accompanied with significant toxicity and resistance. Concerted efforts are required such as combination therapies and identification of newer selective inhibitor to overcome these limitations.
Multifunctional nanoparticles for co-delivery of paclitaxel and carboplatin against ovarian cancer by inactivating the JMJD3-HER2 axis (2017)

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Survival statistics have show no significant developments over the last three decades, highlighting the fact that current therapeutic strategies require substantial improvements. In this study, we designed a novel folic acid-PEG-conjugated p-phosphonated calix[4]arene nanoparticle (Fp-PCN) for the simultaneous delivery of paclitaxel (PAC) and carboplatin (CAR) at an optimal ratio (5 : 1, mol : mol) to utilize their potential synergistic effect against OC cells. The Fp-PCNs loaded with PAC and CAR (Fp-PCN<sub>PAC+CAR</sub>) resulted in a remarkable efficacy in the suppression of OC, both in vitro and in vivo. Compared to free drugs, Fp-PCN<sub>PAC+CAR</sub> showed stronger apoptosis induction as well as invasion and self-renewal capacity suppression in SKOV-3 cells. The molecular mechanism to address the synergism is that Fp-PCN<sub>PAC+CAR</sub> downregulated JMJD3 expression to modulate the H3K27me3 epigenetic mark of the promoters of HER2 and MYCN. Furthermore, the expressions of JMJD3 and HER2 were significantly associated with poor outcomes for ovarian patients. Our study demonstrates that co-delivery of PAC and CAR can be achieved with the Fp-PCNs, and reveals a previously unrecognized and unexpected role of the JMJD3-HER2 signaling axis in PAC and CAR treatment of OC.
Explanation of Turbulent Suppression of Electron Heat Transfer in GOL-3 Facility at the Stage of Relativistic Electron Beam Injection (2005)

The effect of the electron heat transfer suppression during the stage of relativistic electron beam injection into a plasma was discovered experimentally more than a decade ago. It is now widely adopted that the suppression is a side sequel of Langmuir turbulence excited by the beam, however neither quantitative theory nor even rough estimates of the phenomena were available so far. We argue that the coefficient of turbulent thermal conductivity can be evaluated from a robust judgement based on the energy balance consideration.
A phase II trial of zoptarelin doxorubicin in castration- and taxane-resistant prostate cancer. (2017)

210 Background: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone receptors (LHRH-R) are expressed in ~86% of prostate cancers, with sustained expression despite prolonged exposure to LHRH agonists. Limited expression of LHRH-R on normal cells suggests LHRH-R may be a therapeutic target for prostate cancer. Zoptarelin doxorubicin is a cytotoxic hybrid molecule linking doxorubicin to an LHRH analog that selectively targets doxorubicin to cancer cells expressing LHRH-R. Methods: This Phase 2 trial evaluated the clinical benefit of zoptarelin doxorubicin for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) following androgen deprivation therapy and ≥1 taxane-based regimen. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit (CB) defined as progression-free survival (PFS) per RECIST v1.1 at 12 weeks with no dose-limiting toxicities (DLT) or other toxicities resulting in treatment cessation. Secondary endpoints were time to overall progression, response rate, pain response, overall survival (OS), and PSA response. Results: Of 25 patients enrolled, 20 had ≥1 measurable lesion at baseline with PFS ≥12 weeks achieved in 56% and PSA response of PR (4%) and SD (84%). Median PFS and OS were 3.8 and 6.0 months, respectively. Reduced pain was reported by 59%. Treatment was well tolerated, with no cardiotoxicity and neutropenia (all grades) the most common hematologic adverse event. Conclusions: This phase 2 trial demonstrated clinical benefit in 56% of patients with no DLT or other toxicity requiring treatment termination. These results suggest a role for zoptarelin doxorubicin for mCRPC following progression on second- and third-line hormonal therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01240629. [Table: see text]
Antiaging Vaccines Targeting Senescent Cells (2022)

The development of senomorphic drugs to attenuate the senescent phenotype and senolytics to clear pro-inflammatory senescent cells (SCs) to treat aging-associated disorders is being hotly pursued. The effort is complicated by the fact that SCs play a constructive role in some cellular processes such as tissue repair and wound healing. However, concerns about efficacy, which SCs to target, and unwanted side effects have created potential roadblocks. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells directed against urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor, which is expressed on at least a subset of SCs in atherosclerotic plaques and fibrotic livers, removed SC and improved glucose metabolism. A vaccine targeting CD153-expressing senescent T cells also improved glucose metabolism in obese mice. Recent work to selectively target SCs associated with several pathologies has resulted in the creation of a peptide vaccine that primarily targets endothelial cells expressing high levels of GPNMB, recently identified as a biomarker of senescence. The vaccine reduces atherosclerotic plaque burden and metabolic dysfunction such as glucose intolerance in mouse models of obesity and atherosclerosis. For translation to humans the activity of the vaccine will need to be tightly controlled, as the target GPNMB has multiple roles in normal physiology, including acting to inhibit and possibly resolve inflammation. A promising alternative approach would be to use passive immunization with a monoclonal antibody directed against GPNMB.
Musikaalisuuden biologinen evoluutio (2009)

Musikaalisuus on ihmislajin kyky hahmottaa ja toteuttaa rytmiin ja sävelkorkeuksiin sekä äänien voimakkuuteen ja väriin liittyviä tapahtumia. Se on monimuotoinen ominaisuus, jonka perinnöllisyydestä on saatu todisteita suku- ja kaksostutkimuksissa. Eläinten ääntelyä voidaan pitää alkukantaisena lauluna vastakkaisen sukupuolen hurmaamiseksi ja viestien lähettämiseksi. Ihmisellekin musikaalisuus antaa mahdollisuuden kommunikoida äänillä ilman kieltä. Musiikin vaikutus nykyihmiseen johtaneessa evoluutiossa on mysteeri. Musikaalisuuden on hiljan todettu kytkeytyvän arginiini-vasopressiinigeenin reseptorin 1A (AVPR1A) alleeleihin. AVPR1A-geenin ja sen homologioiden on raportoitu liittyvän kiintymykseen, kykyyn sitoutua lajitovereihin ja hyväntahtoisuuteen. Löydöksen perusteella oletetaan, että musikaalisuuden säilymistä evoluutiossa tuki musikaalisuuden kyky edistää sosiaalisesti positiivista kommunikaatiota.
Reducing Motion Artefacts of Capacitive Sensors (2007)

Summary form only given. For unobtrusive continuous monitoring of body electrical signals (ECG, EMG) the capacitive sensors are very promising. Due to the loose mechanical coupling to the body however, they exhibit higher levels of motion artefacts. One important motion induced artefact in capacitive sensing is the variation of the sensor to skin distance, effectively causing a varying capacitance in the circuit. In this presentation we will focus on two ways of dealing with motion artefacts: choosing suitable sensor materials and combining with a small optical device which uses the laser self-mixing interferometry effect.
Combined Electrical Imaging and Distributed Temperature Sensing to Characterize Groundwater/surface-water Exchange (2010)

Accurate understanding of the spatial and temporal distributions and rates of groundwater/surface-water exchange is critical to addressing numerous hydrologic and engineering problems, including, for example, the calculation of contaminant loading to rivers; stream temperature dynamics and aquatic habitat; and stormwater management and flooding. Hydrogeophysical approaches for both characterization and monitoring, respectively, can provide valuable information to delineate areas of enhanced exchange and to monitor such exchange over time. Here, we review recent case studies from the Columbia River, Washington, USA, and Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts, USA. These studies showcase three highly complementary methods: (1) continuous waterborne electrical imaging; (2) electrical resistivity imaging with fixed electrodes; and (3) fibre-optic distributed temperature sensing.
Data from Clinical and Biological Subtypes of B-cell Lymphoma Revealed by Microenvironmental Signatures (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Transcriptomic and genetic characterization of DLBCL has increased the understanding of its intrinsic pathogenesis and provided potential therapeutic targets. However, the role of the microenvironment in DLBCL biology remains less understood. Here, we performed a transcriptomic analysis of the microenvironment of 4,655 DLBCLs from multiple independent cohorts and described four major lymphoma microenvironment categories that associate with distinct biological aberrations and clinical behavior. We also found evidence of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms deployed by cancer cells to evade microenvironmental constraints of lymphoma growth, supporting the rationale for implementing DNA hypomethylating agents in selected patients with DLBCL. In addition, our work uncovered new therapeutic vulnerabilities in the biochemical composition of the extracellular matrix that were exploited to decrease DLBCL proliferation in preclinical models. This novel classification provides a road map for the biological characterization and therapeutic exploitation of the DLBCL microenvironment.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;In a translational relevant transcriptomic-based classification, we characterized the microenvironment as a critical component of the B-cell lymphoma biology and associated it with the DLBCL clinical behavior establishing a novel opportunity for targeting therapies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1307&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Nonideal Formation of Network Polymers (1992)

Abstract : The majority of networks are formed from small monomers, typically with molecular weights less than 500, and often close to 100. In these polymerizations functional groups are close together, and hence may influence one another in a number of ways: groups on the same monomer may not be equally reactive; their reactivity may change as nearest neighbors react; and wasted cycles may form. -Conversely network formation may alter the polymerization, for example through phase separation or through a glass transition leading to incomplete conversion. Network formation from small monomers under such nonideal conditions was the focus of our research, which covered the effects of the following nonidealities: first-shell substitution effect; cyclization instep and chainwise systems; chainwise mechanisms during network formation (free-radical, anionic, and secondary site generation); diffusion; and filler and the interactions of filler vith polymer. network Polymers, cyanates, vinyl-divinyl networks, cycle.
Simultaneous measurement of CO/sub 2/ and humidity using a pair of SAW devices and cluster-analysis pattern recognition (2002)

We use a pair of polymer-coated 97-MHz ST-quartz surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay lines to simultaneously determine the concentrations of CO/sub 2/ and relative humidity (RH) in the gas phase at room temperature. The SAW response of a CO/sub 2/ permeable polyimide is rapid and reversible for CO/sub 2/ from 0.03 to 97% of one atm, with some interference from humidity; a layer of the hydrophilic polymer poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) responds mainly to humidity. Visually-empirical region-of-influence (VERI) pattern recognition (PR) is used to select the optimum pair of films and to evaluate the robustness of the sensor pair to errors.
Evaluation of an ultrasonic blood volume monitor (1998)

In summary the blood volume monitor allows precise and reliable measurement of relative blood volume. It provides the instrumentation essential for feedback control of relative blood volume during dialysis.
Purification and properties of a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-linked dehydrogenase that serves an Escherichia coli mutant for glycerol catabolism (1979)

Glycerol:NAD+2-OXIDOREDUCTASE (EC 1.1.1.6) was purified to homogeneity from a mutant of Escherichia coli K12 that uses this enzyme, instead of ATP:glycerol 3-phosphotransferase (EC 2.7.1.30), as the first enzyme for the dissimilation of glycerol. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate shows a subunit of 39,000 daltons. During electrophoresis under nondenaturing conditions, the protein migrates as two bands. These two forms, both of which are enzymatically active, appear to be dimers and octomers of the same subunit. The optimal pH for the oxidation of glycerol is about 10, and that for the reduction of dihydroxyacetone is about 6. Glycerol dehydrogenation is highly activated by NH4+, K+, or Rb+, but strongly inhibited by N-ethylmalemide, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1,10-phenanthroline, Cu2+, and Ca2+. The enzyme exhibits a broad substrate specificity. In addition to glycerol, it act on 1,2-propanediol and several of its analogs.
Studies of Achieving Buildup Against Charge-Exchange Losses in a Mirror-Confined Plasma (1983)

Mirror plasma buildup via neutral beam injection into a small low-density target is strongly affected by plasma losses resulting from charge-exchange (CX) with cold neutrals entering via chamber structures. The influence of CX events extends beyond the collision site due to the large ion orbits typical of small mirror plasmas. This study examines effects of key parameters that influence plasma buildup, using a 2½-dimensional, energy-dependent finite gyroradius model. Results presented for a 2X-like plasma show that buildup occurs if a “critical density” is achieved before CX losses erode the central plasma region. An efficient way to attain this density is to position the injected beams so that trapped ions have orbits circling inward, toward the plasma center.