gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cascading Heat Transformation Process for Power Generation (2019)

This work is devoted to the study of a new power plant with multiple cascaded sorption heat transformers and power generation devices. The plant is powered from flat thermal solar collectors. The project objective is to of meet the electricity needs of up to 100 households, i.e. the equivalent of 10 kWe. Two assembly schemes are proposed. The first one includes an Ericsson heat engine as a mechanical work conversion device. While the second includes a heat to mechanical conversion machine operating according to the subcritical and supercritical ORC (Organic Rankine Cycles). The mathematical modeling revealed that mechanical work production is quite possible by the second power plant configuration. The thermal efficiencies obtained for the absorption and adsorption heat-transformers are equal to 59.6% and 10.4% respectively. For the two ORC subcritical and supercritical these values are equal to 5.64% and 7.02% respectively for the low heat source temperature TSC equal to 343 K. The concept analysis clearly shows the feasibility of the second configuration which can satisfy the specified power needs of 10 kWe from thermal solar collectors at 358 K. The maximal overall conversion efficiency of this second configuration reaches 18%, which is much above photovoltaic conversion systems efficiency.
Linear variable filters — A camera system requirement analysis for hyperspectral imaging sensors onboard small Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (2014)

Improving the spectral detail of earth observation imaging from Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) can greatly expand its potential for use in vegetation monitoring and specifically in precision agriculture. Spatially variable interference filters which can be placed very close to the image sensor offer an excellent opportunity for reducing the size, mass and complexity of hyperspectral imagers, allowing them to be mounted onboard small RPAS. Recent advances in filter deposition techniques allow to directly deposit interference filters on an image sensor. The monolithic integration of optical hyperspectral filters on top of a standard CMOS image sensor has been demonstrated by IMEC. Compared to the more conventional deposition of filters onto an external glass substrate, this new approach offers advantages in terms of cost, alignment accuracy, straylight, etc. A hyperspectral camera prototype compatible with small RPAS has been developed by VITO to demonstrate the potential of LVF-based compact spectral camera's. Whereas application of the filter technology offers major advantages for RPAS systems, it still faces some important challenges. The prototype system specifications need to fit a fixed wing RPAS platform that is able to cover several km <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in a single flight with hyperspectral geo-information. It remains challenging to make a sufficiently compact camera system, achieve precise spectral band registration, handle the amount of data to be processed and cope with limited integration times possible during acquisition.
RF Built-in Self Test of a Wireless Transmitter (2007)

RF frequency synthesizers and transmitters for wireless system-on-chips have recently migrated to low-cost deep-submicrometer CMOS processes that facilitate all-digital implementations. In addition to all the benefits of lower power, lower silicon cost, reduced board area, and improved performance that the scaled CMOS integration entails, the testing costs for RF performance and wireless standard compliance could also be drastically reduced. In this brief, we propose a built-in self test (BIST) method, which is based on the premise that the internal frequency synthesizer and transmitter signals are in digital format allowing for digital signal processing to ascertain the RF performance without external test equipment. With the RF BIST capability, millions of SoCs can be calibrated and tested in a production environment using a low cost digital tester while benefiting from increased test coverage and reduced test time and cost. The presented techniques have been successfully implemented in two generations of commercial digital RF processors: 130-nm Bluetooth and 90-nm GSM single-chip radios
A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities (2023)

Histone-mutant pediatric gliomas are a highly heterogeneous tumor entity. Different histone mutations correlate with different ages of onset, survival outcomes, brain regions, and partner alterations. We have developed models of histone-mutant gliomas that reflect this anatomic and genetic heterogeneity and provide evidence of subtype-specific biology and therapeutic targeting. See related commentary by Lubanszky and Hawkins, p. 1516. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1501.
Design and tailoring of a hierarchical graphene-carbon nanotube architecture for supercapacitors (2010)

Stacking of individual graphene sheets (GS) is effectively inhibited by introducing one-dimensional carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to form a 3-D hierarchical structure which significantly enhances the electrochemical capacitive performances of GS-based composites. From SEM images, inserting proper quantity of CNTs as nanospacers can effectively impede the stacking of GS and enlarge the space between GS sheets, leading to obtain a highly porous nanostructure. The specific capacitance of GS-CNTs-9-1 (∼326.5 F g−1 at 20 mV s−1) is much higher than that of GS material (∼83 F g−1). Furthermore, the energy and power densities of GS-CNTs-9-1 are respectively as high as 21.74 Wh kg−1 and 78.29 kW kg−1, revealing that the hierarchical graphene-CNT architecture provides remarkable effects on enhancing the capacitive performance of GS-based composites. Therefore, the GS-CNT composites are promising carbon materials for supercapacitors.
Circular dichroism studies of carbopeptoid-cyclodextrins (2005)

A series of sugar amino acids, based on open chain sugars, have been oligomerised and cyclised. The resulting cyclic carbopeptoids have been examined for desirable properties such as host-guest chemistry (as in cyclodextrins) or self-assembling properties (e.g., peptide nanotubes). Initial studies of these systems, by circular dichroism and X-ray crystallography, have given valuable insight into their stability and properties. One of the four cyclic species studied was found to interact with ion/molecular probes.
Widespread detection of highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses in wild birds from the Pacific Flyway of the United States (2016)

A novel highly pathogenic avian influenza virus belonging to the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses was detected in North America in late 2014. Motivated by the identification of these viruses in domestic poultry in Canada, an intensive study was initiated to conduct highly pathogenic avian influenza surveillance in wild birds in the Pacific Flyway of the United States. A total of 4,729 hunter-harvested wild birds were sampled and highly pathogenic avian influenza virus was detected in 1.3% (n = 63). Three H5 clade 2.3.4.4 subtypes were isolated from wild birds, H5N2, H5N8, and H5N1, representing the wholly Eurasian lineage H5N8 and two novel reassortant viruses. Testing of 150 additional wild birds during avian morbidity and mortality investigations in Washington yielded 10 (6.7%) additional highly pathogenic avian influenza isolates (H5N8 = 3 and H5N2 = 7). The geographically widespread detection of these viruses in apparently healthy wild waterfowl suggest that the H5 clade 2.3.4.4 variant viruses may behave similarly in this taxonomic group whereby many waterfowl species are susceptible to infection but do not demonstrate obvious clinical disease. Despite these findings in wild waterfowl, mortality has been documented for some wild bird species and losses in US domestic poultry during the first half of 2015 were unprecedented.
Dimensionality reduction of optimization problems using variance based sensitivity analysis (2013)

We propose a new interaction index derived from the computation of Sobol indices. In optimization, interaction index can be used to detect lack of interaction among input parameters. First order interaction indices if they return zero, means that those parameters can be optimized independently holding other parameters constant. Likewise, second order interaction indices can tell if a combination of two parameter can be optimized independently of other parameters. In this way, the original optimization problem may be decomposed into a set of lower dimensional problems which may then be solved independently and in parallel. The interaction indices can potentially be useful in robust optimization as well, since it provides importance measure in minimizing output variances.
P3–138: Compromised nutrient uptake and metabolism in Alzheimer's disease: Possible implications for nutritional management of Alzheimer's disease (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with an unknown cause. Despite this a number of risk factors have been identified, including genetic and environmental factors. Many epidemiological studies demonstrated increased AD risk following low consumption of specific nutrients including B vitamin, vitamin C, E and docosahexaenoic acid. Systematic review of the literature has shown that patients with AD have lower plasma levels of these nutrients. Poor intake of nutrients contributes to low availability but more contributing factors that are specific to aging or AD are emerging. First, absorption of nutrients from the gut into the blood can be compromised, e.g. the reduced liberation of food-born vitamin B12 seen with aging (Carmel-1997). Second, reduced endogenous production/conversion of specific nutrients, e.g. reduced de novo synthesis of DHA in the liver of patients with AD (Astarita-2010). This decline may be attributed to aging-related decline in liver function and accelerated loss of liver function in AD, which may also affect endogenous production of other nutrients like the precursor for phospholipid synthesis, uridine monophosphate. And third, decreased passage of nutrients over the blood brain barrier (BBB), e.g. aging related decrease of choline uptake into the brain (Cohen-1995) and reduced folate transport over the BBB (Serot-2001). These reductions in absorption, synthesis and transport compromise nutrient availability. This may have important consequences as these nutrients are hypothesized to be critical in the patho-physiological processes of AD, including in the processing of the amyloid precursor protein, in controlling of oxidative stress, in the maintenance of methylation capacity, and for the formation and function of synapses. These observations suggest that AD patients may exhibit hidden deficiencies for specific nutrients, even with normal dietary intake and in the absence of malnutrition. Higher intake may therefore be necessary to compensate for the compromised availability of several nutrients, and to meet their requirement in AD.
Phase conjugation metamaterials: particle design and imaging experiments (2012)

We present simulation and experimental results demonstrating the effectiveness of phase conjugation or, equivalently, time reversal metamaterials for imaging applications. Split-ring resonators are loaded with varactor diodes to enable straightforward, easy-to-fabricate phase conjugation metamaterial unit cells. These cells are improved upon to allow either completely wireless operation or more efficient phase conjugate signal generation through the use of active loading elements. The metamaterials are demonstrated experimentally to produce time reversed signals with useful properties. An array of metamaterial cells is then constructed and shown to act as a negatively refracting imaging system.
SOLAR PUMPED LASER MICROTHRUSTER (2010)

The development of microsatellites requires the development of engines to modify their orbit. It is natural to use solar energy to drive such engines. For an unlimited energy source the optimal thruster must use a minimal amount of expendable material to minimize launch costs. This requires the ejected material to have the maximal velocity and, hence, the ejected atoms must be as light as possible and be ejected by as high an energy density source as possible. Such a propulsion can be induced by pulses from an ultra-short laser. The ultra-short laser provides the high-energy concentration and high-ejected velocity. We suggest a microthruster system comprised of an inflatable solar concentrator, a solar panel, and a diode-pumped fiber laser. We will describe the system design and give weight estimates.
Cation-rich (100) surface reconstructions of InP and GaP (1999)

The trimer reconstruction of the (100) InP surface which has been discovered experimentally is confirmed by first-principle calculations. The charge density of atomic configuration, which has the lowest surface energy is in perfect agreement with experimental scanning tunneling microscopy images. We predict the same trimer reconstruction also to be observable on GaP (100) surfaces and discuss how local stress makes this reconstruction energetically unfavorable for GaAs.
Parsing the role of NSP1 in SARS-CoV-2 infection (2022)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leads to shutoff of protein synthesis, and nsp1, a central shutoff factor in coronaviruses, inhibits cellular mRNA translation. However, the diverse molecular mechanisms employed by nsp1 as well as its functional importance are unresolved. By overexpressing various nsp1 mutants and generating a SARS-CoV-2 mutant, we show that nsp1, through inhibition of translation and induction of mRNA degradation, targets translated cellular mRNA and is the main driver of host shutoff during infection. The propagation of nsp1 mutant virus is inhibited exclusively in cells with intact interferon (IFN) pathway as well as in vivo, in hamsters, and this attenuation is associated with stronger induction of type I IFN response. Therefore, although nsp1's shutoff activity is broad, it plays an essential role, specifically in counteracting the IFN response. Overall, our results reveal the multifaceted approach nsp1 uses to shut off cellular protein synthesis and uncover nsp1's explicit role in blocking the IFN response.
A multiframe parametric wiener filter for acoustic echo suppression (2016)

Acoustic echo arises due to the acoustic coupling between the loudspeaker and the microphone in a full-duplex voice communication device. How to reduce or eliminate echo has been an important problem in voice communications. This paper deals with this problem in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. An approach to acoustic echo suppression (AES) is developed, which uses a linear filter in every STFT subband. A non-parametric variable step-size (NPVSS) normalized-least-mean-square (NLMS) algorithm is used to estimate the echo signal in every STFT bin and time frame. We then define the desired output signal as the sum of the desired near-end speech and a residual echo component. A parametric Wiener filter (PWF) is subsequently derived by minimizing the near-end speech distortion with a constraint on the residual echo. There are two parameters in this PWF, which can be adjusted to control the compromise between the amount of echo attenuation and the degree of near-end speech distortion, and the level of the residual echo remaining at the output. These two parameters can be tuned to optimize the perceptual quality of the echo-reduced signal. Experimental results demonstrate that the developed PWF can effectively attenuate the undesired echo and estimate the near-end signal with little distortion.
Bivariate joint distribution modeling of wave climate data using a copula method (2016)

The bivariate joint distribution of the significant wave height and the wave period is of great importance in characterizing the wave climate at a wave energy converter test site. In this paper, we investigate bivariate joint distribution modeling of the wave climate at the Lysekil wave energy converter test site off the Swedish west coast. This study is based on 9 years of wave observations at the test site from 2005 to 2013. Archimedean Copulas are used for the bivariate joint distribution modeling of the significant wave height and the wave period. Measured wave data is compared with simulated wave climate data for the Lysekil test site using three Archimedean Copula models, the Clayton, Frank and Gumbel copulas. The R-squared statistical test yields a better goodness of fit for the Gumbel copula compared to the other two copulas. In addition, the Archimedean Copula method is applied to the measured wave climate data from two other sites to illustrate the general applicability. It shows that the Archimedean Copulas exhibits stable performance with good accuracy in characterizing the wave climate and they can be employed for forecasting the wave energy resource and assessing the survivability of wave energy converters.
Effect of Surrounding Tissue on Vessel Fluid and Solid Mechanics (2004)

There is no doubt that atherosclerosis is one of the most important health problems in the Western Societies. It is well accepted that atherosclerosis is associated with abnormal stress and strain conditions. A compelling observation is that the epicardial arteries develop atherosclerosis while the intramural arteries do not. Atherosclerotic changes involving the epicardial portion of the coronary artery stop where the artery penetrates the myocardium. The objective of the present study is to understand the fluid and solid mechanical differences between the two types of vessels. A finite element analysis was employed to investigate the effect of external tissue contraction on the characteristics of pulsatile blood flow and the vessel wall stress distribution. The sequential coupling of fluid-solid interaction (FSI) revealed that the changes of flow velocity and wall shear stress, in response to cyclical external loading, appear less important than the circumferential stress and strain reduction in the vessel wall under the proposed boundary conditions. These results have important implications since high stresses and strains can induce growth, remodeling, and atherosclerosis; and hence we speculate that a reduction of stress and strain may be atheroprotective. The importance of FSI in deformable vessels with pulsatile flow is discussed and the fluid and solid mechanics differences between epicardial and intramural vessels are highlighted.
Study of chromatic dispersion effect on 16QAM phase sensitive amplification (2015)

We investigated the effect of residual chromatic dispersion on phase-sensitive amplification of 20Gbaud 16QAM signals experimentally. We observed negligible impacts on amplification although the constellation is degraded in proportion to the amount of CD.
An Efficiency Study of Laser-Induced Thermoelastic Wave Generation in Layers (2000)

Abstract The elastic wave generation and the efficiency of the thermal-to-mechanical energy conversion process of elastic wave generation by laser excitation are studied. A previously developed transfer matrix formulation [3, 4] is reviewed and the transient response in a silicon layer is computed by employing FFT. The transient thermal and mechanical response of a layer are considered, and the transient temperature, stress, acceleration and mechanical power are obtained under micro-second level excitation. The generation efficiency for the elastic wave components, which are utilized to evaluate the state of layered structures, is examined for a silicon layer. The results presented are useful in determining instrument specification, such as laser power, receiver dynamic range, and test set-up design.
Outcome following unilateral versus bilateral instrumentation in patients undergoing minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a single-center randomized prospective study (2013)

Clinical and radiographic outcomes of unilateral and bilateral instrumentation for unilateral MISTLIF are similar 1 year after surgery.
User-centered virtual environment design for virtual rehabilitation (2010)

The stereoacuity testing confirms that without benchmarking in the design cycle poor user performance could be misconstrued as resulting from the participant's injury state. Thus, a user-centered design cycle that includes benchmarking for the different sensory modalities is recommended for accurate interpretation of the efficacy of the virtual environment based rehabilitation programs.
Structure-Based Optimization of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable CDK8 Inhibitors Discovered by High-Throughput Screening (2016)

The mediator complex-associated cyclin dependent kinase CDK8 regulates β-catenin-dependent transcription following activation of WNT signaling. Multiple lines of evidence suggest CDK8 may act as an oncogene in the development of colorectal cancer. Here we describe the successful optimization of an imidazo-thiadiazole series of CDK8 inhibitors that was identified in a high-throughput screening campaign and further progressed by structure-based design. In several optimization cycles, we improved the microsomal stability, potency, and kinase selectivity. The initial imidazo-thiadiazole scaffold was replaced by a 3-methyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]-pyridine which resulted in compound 25 (MSC2530818) that displayed excellent kinase selectivity, biochemical and cellular potency, microsomal stability, and is orally bioavailable. Furthermore, we demonstrated modulation of phospho-STAT1, a pharmacodynamic biomarker of CDK8 activity, and tumor growth inhibition in an APC mutant SW620 human colorectal carcinoma xenograft model after oral administration. Compound 25 demonstrated suitable potency and selectivity to progress into preclinical in vivo efficacy and safety studies.
Reduction of parasitic reaction in high-temperature AlN growth by jet stream gas flow metal–organic vapor phase epitaxy (2022)

AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have a wide range of applications such as medical diagnostics, gas sensing, and water sterilization. Metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) method is used for the growth of all-in-one structures, including doped layer and thin multilayers, using metal-organic and gas source raw materials for semiconductor devices. For AlN growth with high crystalline quality, high temperature is necessary to promote the surface migration of Al atoms and Al-free radicals. However, increase in temperature generates parasitic gas-phase prereactions such as adduct formation. In this work, AlN growth at 1500 °C by a stable vapor phase reaction has been achieved by jet stream gas flow metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The AlN growth rate increases with gas flow velocity and saturates at ~ 10 m/s at room temperature. Moreover, it is constant at an ammonia flow rate at a V/III ratio from 50 to 220. These results demonstrate the reduction in adduct formation, which is a typical issue with the vapor phase reaction between triethylaluminum and ammonia. The developed method provides the in-plane uniformity of AlN thickness within 5%, a low concentration of unintentionally doped impurities, smooth surface, and decrease in dislocation density because of the suppression of parasitic reactions.