gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Efficient High-Frequency Drive Circuit for (2009)

The requirements for driving gallium nitride (GaN) heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) and the design of a resonant drive circuit for GaN power HFET switches are discussed in this paper. The use of wideband III-nitride (such as GaN) devices today is limited to telecom and low-power applications. The current lack of high-frequency high-power drivers prevents their application in power converters. The proposed circuit is based upon resonant switching transition techniques, by means of an LC tag, to recover part of the power back into the voltage source in order to reduce the power loss. This circuit also uses level shifters to generate the zero and negative gate-source voltages required to turn the GaN HFET on and off, and it is highly tolerant to input-signal timing variances. The circuit reduces the overall power consumed in the driver and thus reduces the power loss. This is particularly important for high-frequency driver operation to take full advantage, in terms of efficiency, of the superior switching speed of GaN devices. In this paper, the topology of the low-power-loss high-speed drive circuit is introduced. Some simulation results and preliminary experimental measurements are discussed.
Active braking control of two-wheeled vehicles on curves (2009)

This paper focuses on the design of an innovative active braking control system for two-wheeled vehicles which can handle panic braking on curves. In the field of two-wheeled vehicles the spread of electronic control systems its still in its infancy, as today only a few commercial motorbikes are equipped with Anti-lock Braking Systems (ABS). Moreover, the few ABS systems available are certified to work only when panic braking occurs on straight road. As will be shown, to guarantee safety when braking on curves, the designed controller needs to rely on an online measure of the vehicle roll angle. Thus, to prove the industrial applicability of the proposed control algorithm, we also describe how such quantity can be effectively estimated via a suitable algorithm based on a low-cost sensors configuration, whose effectiveness is assessed in simulation and also on an instrumented test vehicle. The results concerning the active braking control system will be tested on a very detailed multibody simulation model of a two-wheeled vehicle, MSC BikeSim®.
Metal Cation-Binding Mechanisms of Q-Proline Peptoid Macrocycles in Solution (2021)

&lt;div&gt;The rational design of foldable and functionalizable peptidomimetic scaffolds requires the concerted application of both computational and experimental methods. Recently, a new class of designed peptoid macrocycle incorporating spiroligomer proline mimics (Q-prolines) has been found to pre-organize when bound by monovalent metal cations. To determine the solution-state structure of these cation-bound macrocycles, we employ a Bayesian inference method (BICePs) to reconcile enhanced-sampling molecular simulations with sparse ROESY correlations from experimental NMR studies. The BICePs approach circumvents the need for bespoke force field parameterization, instead relying on experimental restraints to help narrow the possible set of &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt; amide isomers in solution. Conformations predicted to be most populated in solution were then simulated in the presence of explicit cations to yield trajectories with observed binding events, revealing a highly-preorganized all-&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt; amide conformation, whose formation is likely limited by the slow rate of &lt;i&gt;cis&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;trans&lt;/i&gt; isomerization. Interestingly, this conformation differs from a racemic crystal structure solved in the absence of cation. Free energies of cation binding computed from distance-dependent potentials of mean force suggest Na&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; has higher affinity to the macrocycle than K&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, with both cations binding much more strongly in acetonitrile than water. The simulated affinities are able to correctly rank the extent to which different macrocycle sequences exhibit preorganization in the presence of different metal cations and solvents, suggesting our approach is suitable for solution-state computational design.&lt;/div&gt;
Imaging Systems and Techniques (2011)

This special feature on Imaging Systems and Techniques comprises 27 technical papers, covering essential facets in imaging systems and techniques both in theory and applications, from research groups spanning three different continents. It mainly contains peer-reviewed articles from the IEEE International Conference on Imaging Systems and Techniques (IST 2010), held in Thessaloniki, Greece, as well a number of articles relevant to the scope of this issue.
Femoroacetabular Cam-type Impingement: Global Assessment of the Femoral Head-Neck Junction on a Single Reformatted MR Image (2013)

An abnormal bone contour identified on a short-axis MR image at the femoral head-neck junction correlates with surgical findings and may allow for a global characterization of the bone abnormality with regard to location, extent, and amount of elevation compared with the alpha angle and multiple head-neck offset angles.
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF A DEVICE TO CONTROL TIME VARYING FLOWS (1998)

Testing of flow measurement and sampling devices is usually done using static flow rates, but natural flowsand especially runoff from small watershedscan vary greatly with time. Static testing does not provide an adequate picture of the devices performance, as inherent flow storage and time lags in dynamic settings will distort the measured hydrograph or alter contaminant concentration values. This report describes the development and testing of a device to produce accurate and repeatable time-varying flows for use in such testing. The device was constructed from readily-available materials for approximately US$7,000, and consists of an electric pump, a metering unit, a flow regulation unit, and a computer-based controller using feedback from the metering unit to control the flow regulation unit. Calibration proved the device to be stable, with very little hysteresis. The devices control sensitivity allows for controlling the time between drops at the lowest flows [flow control within 8% at 0.19 mL s1 (0.003 gpm)] and allows flow control within 2% at the highest flows [24.0 L s 1 (380 gpm)]. The device was tested to determine how well it would duplicate a desired hydrograph. Nine different desired hydrographs were used, along with replicates of two of these to determine repeatability. The outflows were compared to the desired inflow hydrographs by three different standards (volume comparison, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency, and fit coefficient), and were found to match very well in all cases. From these results, the primary source of error appears to be a deadband in the feedback system, which is now being corrected. This device should prove valuable to others who need accurate, reproducible, time-varying flows.
Celiac Disease: Lessons for and from Chemical Biology (2017)

Celiac disease is a lifelong immune disorder of the small intestine where inflammation is triggered by dietary gluten. There is an urgent need for the development of nondietary therapies for this widespread but overlooked disease. More fundamentally, a molecular understanding of gluten-induced pathogenesis in celiac disease has the potential to provide new insights into mucosal immunology. Over the past two decades, three pathogenically critical molecules-gluten, TG2, and HLA-DQ2-have served as focal points for collaborative efforts between biologists, chemists, engineers, and clinicians with an interest in celiac disease. This perspective summarizes a few examples of such multidisciplinary research directions with an emphasis on groundbreaking clinical studies that have profoundly informed the trajectory of subsequent molecular investigations. Examples of future challenges in fundamental and translational celiac disease research are also discussed.
Effect of Medical Management on Recurrent Stone Formation Following Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (2007)

Our findings suggest that comprehensive metabolic evaluation and aggressive medical management can control active stone formation and growth in patients with or without residual stone fragments after percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Given the inherent morbidity and increased costs attendant with repeat procedures, medical management should be instituted in patients following percutaneous nephrolithotomy without regard to stone-free status.
High efficiency, color stability, and stable efficiency roll off in three color hybrid white organic light emitting diodes (2008)

High efficiency, good color stability, and stable efficiency roll off were achieved in three color white organic light emitting diodes by developing a device architecture with red and green phosphorescent materials codoped in a mixed host emitting structure. A fluorescent blue material was used in a blue emitting layer and a mixed interlayer structure was applied. A high quantum efficiency of 9.7% was obtained and color coordinate of (0.40, 0.40) was kept constant up to luminance of 10000cd∕m2. In addition, efficiency decrease at 10000cd∕m2 was only 2% of the maximum quantum efficiency.
Use of Phone Sensors to Enhance Distracted Pedestrians’ Safety (2017)

Studies have shown that using smartphones while walking-called distracted walking-significantly increases the risk of pedestrians colliding with dangerous objects. In this paper, we explore how to mitigate this problem by exploiting the phone's built-in sensors only and developing an application called BumpAlert. BumpAlert provides a generic solution without requiring any prior knowledge of the user's surroundings by estimating distances to nearby objects using the phone's speakers and microphones. This process is enhanced further by using the images acquired from the phone's rear camera, when necessary. We have evaluated BumpAlert under a variety of settings ranging from aisle to outdoor environments with walls, pillars, signboards, dustbins, and people, etc., that are common in our daily surroundings. Our evaluation has shown an average accuracy of BumpAlert to be higher than 95 percent with a less than 2 percent false-positive rate to detect frontal objects 2-4m away, which suffices for the user to react and avoid collision. Even though BumpAlert is unable to detect all dangerous situations, most participants of our user study feel safer when they walk with BumpAlert enabled. Integrating our current design of BumpAlert with other safety systems can provide a practical solution for protecting distracted pedestrians.
High-Temperature Processing Effects on Lanthanum Silicate Gate Dielectric MIS Devices (2006)

The high-temperature stability of MIS devices based on lanthanum silicate having sub-nm (0.6 - 0.7 nm) EOT values are reported. After a 1000{degree sign}C, 10 s RTA treatment, devices with Ta gate metal undergo an EOT increase to 1.57 nm or higher, while devices having TaN as the gate electrode retain an EOT as low as 1.12 nm. An EOT under 1.0 nm is achieved if the 1000{degree sign}C RTA is reduced to 5 s, with a corresponding gate leakage of 0.1 A/cm2. Medium energy ion scattering and X-ray diffraction analysis reveal that the Ta gate metal undergoes a phase change and reaction above 800{degree sign}C, while for TaN no change in the XRD spectrum is detected. Interface state defect densities and leakage currents are reduced after the high temperature processing. Results reveal the importance of the entire gate stack design and processing in obtaining good device properties.
Automatic detection and classification of sleep stages by multichannel EEG signal modeling (2008)

In this paper a novel method for automatic detection and classification of sleep stages using a multichannel electroencephalography (EEG) is presented. Understanding the sleep mechanism is vital for diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders. The EEG is one of the most important tools of studying and diagnosing sleep disorders. EEG signals waveforms activity interpretation is performed by visual analysis (a very difficult procedure). This research aim is to ease the difficulties involved in the existing manual process of EEG interpretation by proposing an automatic sleep stage detection and classification system. The suggested method based on Multichannel Auto Regressive (MAR) model. The multichannel analysis approach incorporates the cross correlation information existing between different EEG signals. In the training phase, we used the vector quantization (VQ) algorithm, Linde-Buzo-Gray (LBG) and sleep stage definition, by estimation of probability mass functions (pmf) per every sleep stage using Generalized Log Likelihood Ratio (GLLR) distortion. The classification phase was performed using Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence. The results of this research are promising with classification accuracy rate of 93.2%. The results encourage continuation of this research in the sleep field and in other biomedical signals applications.
Space-Modulation Pattern of the Stripe-Geometry DH Injection Laser Emission (1990)

Space - modulation characteristics of the emission (SMCE) of stripe - geometry DH lasers without lateral confinement have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally , the modulation phase dependence on the lateral beam coordinate was found. We suggest the displacement of a laser lateral pattern under the direct current modulation to be responsible for this phenomenon. Theoretically, the injection current - induced laser pattern displacement has been demonstrated by direct numerical solution of the corresponding one - dimensional wave equation, with the complex permittivity being taken of the asymmetric Epstein layer form.
Direct Universal Access: Making Data Center Resources Available to {FPGA} (2019)

FPGAs have been deployed at massive scale in data centers. Using currently available communication architectures, however, it is difficult for FPGAs to access and utilize the various heterogenous resources available in data centers (DRAM, CPU, GPU,…). In this paper, we present Direct Universal Access (DUA), a communication architecture that provides uniform access for FPGA to these data center resources. Without being limited by machine boundaries, DUA provides global names and a common interface for communicating across various resources, the underlying network automatically routing traffic and managing resource multiplexing. Our benchmarks show that DUA provides simple and fair-share resource access with small logic area overhead (
Development of Standards for Placement of Steel Guardrail Posts in Rock (2003)

A steel post W-beam guardrail system was developed for installation in rock-soil foundations. The guardrail system was constructed with a 2.66-mm (12-gauge) thick W-beam rail, 53.34 m in length. The W-beam guardrail was supported by twenty-seven W152x13.4 by 1,346-mm long steel posts, spaced at 1,905 mm on center. The posts were installed in drilled holes in concrete, constructed by drilling three 203-mm diameter holes on 165- mm centers to a depth of 610 mm. The drilled holes were backfilled with compacted ASTM C33 coarse aggregate, size no. 57. One full-scale vehicle crash test, using a 3⁄4-ton pickup truck, was performed on the W-beam guardrail system. The test was conducted and reported in accordance with the requirements specified in the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report No. 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features. The safety performance of the W-beam guardrail system with post placed in rock was determined to be acceptable according to the Test Level 3 (TL-3) evaluation criteria specified in NCHRP Report No. 350. Further, guardrail post placement recommendations were also developed for situations where rock is located below the surface. These recommendations were developed through an analysis of bogie testing of posts.
Fusing Iris, Palmprint and Fingerprint in a Multi-biometric Recognition System (2016)

This paper presents a trimodal biometric recognition system based on iris, palmprint and fingerprint. Wavelet transform and Gabor filter are used to extract features in different scales and orientations from iris and palmprint. Minutiae extraction and alignment is used for fingerprint matching. Six different fusion algorithms including score-based, rank-based and decision-based methods are used to combine the results of three modules. We also propose a new rank-based fusion algorithm Maximum Inverse Rank (MIR) which is robust with respect to variations in scores and also bad ranking from a module. CASIA datasets for iris, palmprint and fingerprint are used in this study. The experiments show the effectiveness of our fusion method and our trimodal biometric recognition system in comparison to existing multi-modal recognition systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Emerging Trends in Homogeneous Hydrogenation Catalysis (2014)

Abstract Review: 9 refs.
Creating Highly Active Atomic Layer Deposited NiO Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (2015)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) provides a promising route for depositing uniform thin coatings of electrocatalysts useful in many technologies, including the splitting of water. For materials such as NiO x that readily form hydrous oxides, however, the smooth, compact films deposited by ALD may result in higher overpotentials due to low catalyst surface area compared to other deposition methods. Here, the use of ALD–NiO thin films as oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts is explored. Thin films of crystalline ALD­–NiO are deposited and OER activity is tested using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Fe incorporated from the electrolyte can increase the activity of NiO, and it is shown that the turnover frequency (TOF) increases tenfold by going from an Fe‐poor to Fe‐rich KOH electrolyte. Applying a potential exfoliates the NiO, increasing the number of electrochemically accessible Ni sites. Interestingly, by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and CV, it is found that an Fe‐rich electrolyte reduces the amount of restructuring and oxidation is found. It is shown that a high surface area, high TOF catalyst may be created by using a two‐step process in which the sample is sequentially conditioned in Fe‐poor then Fe‐rich KOH. This work highlights the importance of pretreatment on catalytic activity for compact NiO films deposited by ALD.
Tuning State Energies for Narrow Blue Emission in Tetradentate Pyridyl-Carbazole Platinum Complexes (2019)

Narrow, deep blue emitters are highly desired in the field of organic light emitting diodes for high quality full color display and solid-state lighting applications. PtNON is reported as a deep blue emitting phosphor but is limited by its broad emission spectrum, making it unsuitable for high quality full color display applications. In this work, we report a strategy to fine-tune the color and the emission line shape of PtNON derivatives by incorporating electron donating (methyl or methoxy) or withdrawing (trifluoromethyl) substituent groups at the positions para to the nitrogen of the pyridines in PtNON. These substitutions resulted in destabilization or stabilization of the charge transfer state (CT) relative to the ligand centered (LC) state, resulting in complexes with narrow or broad emission spectra in various media. PtNON-OMe emits predominantly from the LC state, giving a narrow emission spectrum with fwhm = 48 nm in any media. PtNON-Me emits largely from the LC state in nonpolar media (fwhm = 54 nm) and predominantly from the CT state in polar media (fwhm = 83 nm). Last, PtNON-CF<sub>3</sub> emits solely from the CT state in any media, giving it a broad emission spectrum (fwhm = 98 nm). The photoluminescence quantum yields of PtNON-OMe, PtNON-Me, and PtNON-CF<sub>3</sub> in 1% doped PMMA films are 89, 95 and 20% with emission lifetimes of 27.1, 7.17, and 0.96 μs, respectively.
Preparation of (R,R)‐1,2:4,5‐Diepoxypentane (2003)

Abstract Preparation of (R,R)‐1,2:4,5‐diepoxypentane intermediate: Bis(1,5‐dichloro‐2,4‐pentanedione)copper(II) complex intermediate: 1,5‐Dichloro‐2,4‐pentanedione intermediate: (2R,4R)‐1,5‐dichloro‐2,4‐pentanediol product: (R,R)‐1,2:4,5‐diepoxypentane
(Oligo-)Thiophene Functionalized Tetraazaperopyrenes: Donor–Acceptor Dyes and Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors (2017)

Tetraazaperopyrenes (TAPPs) have been functionalized with thiophene and terthiophene units of different architecture resulting in a variety of organic donor-acceptor (D-A) compounds. The influence of the connection of the thiophenes to the TAPP core on their structural, photophysical and electrochemical properties has been studied in detail by a combination of X-ray crystallography, UV-vis and fluorescence spectroscopy as well as cyclic voltammetry, which allowed the establishment of structure-property relationships. The HOMO-LUMO gap is significantly decreased upon substitution of the TAPP core with electron-donating thiophene units, the extent of which is strongly influenced by the orientation of the thiophene units. The latter also crucially directs the molecular packing in the solid. Linkage at the α-position allows both inter- and intramolecular N···S interaction, whereas linkage in the β-position prevents intramolecular N···S interaction, resulting in a less pronounced conjugation of the TAPP core and the thiophene units. The new TAPP derivatives were processed as semiconductors in organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) that show ambipolar behavior. The insight into band gap and structure engineering may open up new possibilities to tailor the electronic properties of TAPP-based materials for certain desired applications.
Supp. Figure 3 from LIM Kinase Inhibitor Pyr1 Reduces the Growth and Metastatic Load of Breast Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Weight and behavior monitoring of mice used in the TS/A-pGL3 xenografts experiment&lt;/p&gt;
Integrated tracking and classification: an application of hybrid state estimation (2001)

In this paper we present a framework in which the general hybrid filtering or state estimation problem can be formulated. The problem of joint tracking and classification can be formulated in this framework as well as the problem of multiple model filtering with additional mode observations. In this formulation the state vector is decomposed into a continuous (kinematic) component and a discrete (mode and/or class) component. We also suppose that there are two types of measurements. Measurements that are related tot eh continuous part of the state (e.g. bearing and range measurements in a radar application) and measurements that are related to the discrete part of the state (e.g. radar cross section measurements). We will derive an optimal filter for this problem and will show how this filter can be implemented numerically.