gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and functional characterization of the novel missense mutation Y254D in type II 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta HSD) gene of a female patient with nonsalt-losing 3 beta HSD deficiency. (1994)

Three beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase (3 beta HSD) deficiency is a form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia characterized by severe impairment of steroid biosynthesis in the adrenals and gonads. To better understand the molecular basis of the phenotypic heterogeneity found in 3 beta HSD deficiency, we analyzed the structure of type I and II 3 beta HSD genes in a female patient with nonsalt-losing 3 beta HSD deficiency diagnosed at puberty. We directly sequenced DNA fragments generated by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the four exons, the exon-intron boundaries, and the 5'-flanking regions of each gene. No mutation was detected in the type I 3 beta HSD gene, which is the predominant species expressed in the placenta and peripheral tissues. We detected a novel missense mutation, Y254D, in one allele of the patient's type II 3 beta HSD gene, which is the almost exclusive type expressed in the adrenals and gonads. The influence of the Y254D mutation on enzymatic activity was assessed by analyzing the recombinant mutant enzyme generated by site-directed mutagenesis after its transient expression in COS-1 monkey kidney cells. Recombinant mutant type II 3 beta HSD enzyme carrying the Y254D substitution exhibits no detectable activity with C21 delta 5-steroid pregnenolone or C19 delta 5-steroid dehydroepiandrosterone used as substrate. The absence of restriction fragment length polymorphism by Southern blot analysis and the finding that all of the amplified DNA fragments possess the expected length suggest the absence of deletions, duplications, or re-arrangements in the other allele. A putative second mutation could be located farther than 1427 basepairs upstream of the initiation codon, thus potentially affecting the normal expression of this gene or within intronic regions, generating an alternative aberrant splicing site. These are possibilities that remain to be elucidated. The present findings, which describe the novel missense mutation Y254D in the human type II 3 beta HSD gene, provide useful information on the structure-activity relationships of the 3 beta HSD superfamily.
OxyR Is a Convergent Target for Mutations Acquired during Adaptation to Oxidative Stress-Prone Metabolic States (2019)

Oxidative stress is concomitant with aerobic metabolism. Thus, bacterial genomes encode elaborate mechanisms to achieve redox homeostasis. Here we report that the peroxide-sensing transcription factor, oxyR, is a common mutational target using bacterial species belonging to two genera, Escherichia coli and Vibrio natriegens, in separate growth conditions implemented during laboratory evolution. The mutations clustered in the redox active site, dimer interface, and flexible redox loop of the protein. These mutations favor the oxidized conformation of OxyR that results in constitutive expression of the genes it regulates. Independent component analysis of the transcriptome revealed that the constitutive activity of OxyR reduces DNA damage from reactive oxygen species, as inferred from the activity of the SOS response regulator LexA. This adaptation to peroxide stress came at a cost of lower growth, as revealed by calculations of proteome allocation using genome-scale models of metabolism and macromolecular expression. Further, identification of similar sequence changes in natural isolates of E. coli indicates that adaptation to oxidative stress through genetic changes in oxyR can be a common occurrence.
Casein from Bovine Milk as a Binder for Silicon Based Electrodes (2019)

Silicon is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries due to the high theoretical capacity (∼3600mAh/g). However, silicon-based electrodes face rapid degradation due to the extensive volume variation (∼300%) during the lithiation/delithiation process. Binders used in the electrode fabrication play a crucial role for silicon electrodes since it can reduce the mechanical fracture during the cycling process. Recent investigations suggest that in addition to the importance of the mechanical properties of the binder, the chemical reactions between the binder and the surface of the silicon particles also contribute to stabilization. Further investigations suggest that functionalized small molecules can also modify the surface of silicon particles and stabilize cycling. An inexpensive, environmentally friendly alternative has been investigated as a binder for silicon electrodes. Casein is a milk protein found in bovine milk rich in amine groups and carboxylic acid groups which can form bonds with the silanol groups in silicon. A comparative study conducted between PVDF and Casein as binders have shown that when casein was used as binder, it shows better performance compared to PVDF. Surface morphology and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) was analyzed using electron microscopy techniques and spectroscopic methods and the results will be discussed.
Adaptive multiuser CDMA detector for asynchronous AWGN channels-steady state and transient analysis (2000)

A two-stage adaptive multiuser detector in an additive white Gaussian noise code-division multiple-access channel is proposed and analyzed. Its first stage is an asynchronous one-shot decorrelator which in terms of computational complexity only requires inversion of K symmetric K/spl times/K matrices for all K users. In addition, the K inversions can be done in parallel, and the computed results for one user can be reused by all other users as well, resulting in a latency of only one bit, same as its synchronous counterpart. The decorrelated tentative decisions are utilized to estimate and subtract multiple-access interference in the second stage. Another novel feature of the detector is the adaptive manner in which the multiple-access interference estimates are formed, which renders prior estimation of the received signal amplitudes and the use of training sequences unnecessary. Adaptation algorithms considered include steepest descent (as well as its stochastic version), and a recursive least squares-type algorithm that offers a faster transient response and better error performance. Sufficient conditions for the receiver to achieve convergence are derived. The detector is near-far resistant, and is shown to provide substantial steady-state error performance improvement over the conventional and decorrelating detector, particularly in the presence of strong interfering signals.
Potential antitumor agents. 28. Deoxyribonucleic acid polyintercalating agents (1978)

A special type of incandescently heated plasma, involving the presence of hydrogen and catalyst potassium, has been studied. A computer model has been made to derive the hydrogen temperature and electron density from the Doppler and Stark widths of a measured hydrogen Balmer-alpha profile. Our measurements indicate a temperature of (0.14 – 0.16) eV and an electron density of (4·1012 – 6·1012) cm-3. Occasionally "broad" profiles were observed, the broad, Gaussian part of these lines corresponds to a hydrogen temerature of 13.8-13.9 eV
Use Model for a User Centred Design in Multidisciplinary Teams (2017)

The Use Model identifies user groups who will be using services and products the Prosperity4All infrastructure offers. The Model provides developers a tool to keep in mind the full diversity of users while building and designing the infrastructure.
In vitro efficacy of essential oil mouthrinse versus dentifrices (2017)

Using viability mapping and CLSM, this study demonstrated that EO-containing mouthrinse penetrates and kills microorganisms deeper and more effectively in plaque biofilm in typical exposure times when compared to dentifrice chemotherapeutic agents, providing an efficacious alternative to triclosan or stannous fluoride when used as an adjunct to mechanical oral care.
Graphene synthesis by ion implantation (2010)

We demonstrate an ion implantation method for large-scale synthesis of high quality graphene films with controllable thickness. Thermally annealing polycrystalline nickel substrates that have been ion implanted with carbon atoms results in the surface growth of graphene films whose average thickness is controlled by implantation dose. The graphene film quality, as probed with Raman and electrical measurements, is comparable to previously reported synthesis methods. The implantation synthesis method can be generalized to a variety of metallic substrates and growth temperatures, since it does not require a decomposition of chemical precursors or a solvation of carbon into the substrate.
Drug Delivery System (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Women and the Holy Quran: A Sufi Perspective (1998)

Women and The Holy is a Sufi commentary which validates the spirituality, value, honor, capability, strength and potential of all women, in unquestionable terms. The Holy Quran is presented as a personal message and guide to freedom for women who are spiritual. Speaking directly to the heart and soul, it contains a message for women in all places, at all times.
The impact of interconnect architecture on via-programmed structured ASICs (VPSAs) (2010)

In this paper, we evaluate the performance of an FPGA-like interconnect fabric for structured ASICs which is based upon fixed metal and programmable vias. We call this type of device a via-programmed structured ASIC or VPSA. We look at two different types of VPSA routing fabrics: one uses jumper wiring and the other uses crossover wiring. The performance of these fabrics is compared against an ASIC-like interconnect fabric, otherwise known as a metal-programmed structured ASIC or MPSA, which can be configured by customizing metal and via layers. We study the impact of these routing fabrics on cost, area, power and delay metrics. The results for different fabrics span a wide range, suggesting the routing architecture plays a very important role in their overall performance and it should be thoroughly researched.
N-Dimethylaluminum-N′,N′-Dimethylhydrazide: A New and Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis ofN,N-Dimethylhydrazones andN-Unsubstituted Hydrazones (1994)

N-dimethylaluminum-N′,N′-dimethylhydrazide, synthesized from N,N-dimethylhydrazine and trimethylaluminum, reacts with aromatic ketones or with electronically unfavourable substrates to give the corresponding hydrazones in high yield. Subsequent exchange with anhydrous hydrazine affords the N-unsubstituted hydrazones.
Impairment of Endotoxin-Induced Macrophage Inflammatory Protein 2 Gene Expression in Alveolar Macrophages in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes in Mice (2000)

To elucidate the mechanism of the high incidence of lower respiratory tract infections in patients with diabetes mellitus, we investigated the kinetics of production of macrophage inflammatory protein 2 (MIP-2), an important mediator of lung neutrophil recruitment, using mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Intratracheal challenge with 1 mg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin, per kg of body weight resulted in a time-dependent increase in the levels of MIP-2 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, with the peak concentration (49.4 +/- 13 ng/ml) occurring at 3 h and significant neutrophil accumulation becoming apparent by 3 h in normal mice. In diabetic mice, the peak level of MIP-2 protein in BAL fluid did not occur until 6 h and was reduced to 21.9 +/- 10 ng/ml. Immunohistochemical studies using anti-MIP-2 antibody confirmed that the main cellular source of MIP-2 in the lung after LPS challenge was alveolar macrophages (AMs) in normal mice. The lungs in diabetic mice, however, showed no AMs staining for MIP-2 within 3 h after LPS challenge. PCR analysis using whole-lung RNA showed a time-dependent increase in MIP-2 mRNA levels after LPS instillation. The level of MIP-2 mRNA in diabetic mice was markedly decreased compared to that in normal mice. Our results indicate that impairment of MIP-2 mRNA expression in the AMs in diabetic mice resulted in delayed neutrophil recruitment in the lungs, and this may explain the development and progression of pulmonary infection in diabetes mellitus.
Wigner-Ville spectrum estimation via wavelet soft-thresholding (2002)

The high noise sensitivity of the Wigner distribution makes smoothing a necessity for producing readable time-frequency images of noise corrupted signals. Since linear smoothing suppresses noise at the expense of considerable smearing of the signal components, we explore two nonlinear denoising techniques based on soft-thresholding in an orthonormal basis representation. Soft-thresholding provides considerable noise reduction without greatly impairing the time-frequency resolution of the denoised distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electronics and signal processing for prompt radiation (2007)

Active interrogation with pulsed bremsstrahlung beams can saturate detectors and produce high count rates of overlapping pulses in the prompt region (<1 mus) after the interrogating pulse. We describe a method to eliminate saturation by modifying the photomultiplier voltage divider and by gating intermediate pairs of dynodes and the anode. To process the high count rate of overlapping pulses, we convert the output current pulses to charge-pulse steps that can be digitally processed more easily and rapidly in real time. We discuss the application to LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , liquid, and plastic scintillators and present some preliminary data.
Novel class of organic crystal scintillators based on aggregation-induced emission (2022)

We synthesized 1,1,2,3,4,5-hexaphenyl-1 H -silole (HPS) crystals to develop organic crystal scintillators based on aggregation-induced emission (AIE).
Playing action video games leads to better perceptual templates (2010)

Action video game playing substantially improves visual performance; however, the source of this improvement remains unclear. Here we use the equivalent external noise technique to characterize the mechanism(s) by which action video games may facilitate performance (Lu & Dosher, 1998). In a first study, Action Video Game Players (VGPs) and Non-Action Video Game Players (NVGPs) performed a foveal orientation identification task at different external noise levels. Threshold versus external noise contrast (TvC) functions were measured at two performance criterion levels. VGPs showed lower thresholds than NVGPs with a marked difference at high noise levels. Fitting the data with the Perceptual Template Model indicated that two independent factors contribute to the superior performance of VGPs: an 11% additive noise reduction and a 25% external noise exclusion. The causal effect of action video game playing was confirmed in a 50 hour training study, whereby NVGPs were randomly divided into an experimental group that played action video games and a control group that played control games. TvC functions were measured before and after training. The same change as in VGPs was observed in action game trainees, whereas no change in external noise reduction was observed in the control group. This work establishes that playing action video games leads to robust external noise exclusion, consistent with the use of better matched perceptual templates. To confirm that action video game playing leads to the development of better templates for the task at hand, we also used a probabilistic neural model of orientation selectivity. We found that changes in TvC curves induced by action video game playing can be captured by changing one parameter - the strength of the feedforward connections in the model. Together, this work demonstrates that action video game playing improves performance by allowing gamers to develop better task-relevant templates than non gamers.
The impact of femoral arterial thrombosis in paediatric cardiac catheterisation: a national study (2016)

Femoral arterial thrombosis is especially prevalent in children <1 year of age undergoing cardiac catheterisation. Clinicians should be vigilant in monitoring femoral arterial patency in neonates and infants after cardiac catheterisation.
Protective Effect of Green Tea Consumption on Colorectal Cancer Varies by Lifestyle Factors (2019)

The inconsistent findings regarding green tea intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk in several epidemiological studies might result from variations in lifestyle factors. Therefore, we examined whether increased green tea intake was associated with a decreased risk of CRC and how the risk of CRC was altered by the protective effect of green tea consumption and five health-related factors. A case-control study including 2742 participants (922 cases and 1820 controls) was conducted in Korea. Green tea consumption was assessed using a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. The risk of CRC was approximately 40% less in the participants in the highest green tea intake tertile than in participants in the lowest green tea intake tertile. Of the five lifestyle factors examined, high body mass index and physical inactivity were independent risk factors for CRC. Regarding the interactions between tea consumption and lifestyle factors, high green tea consumption was associated with a decreased risk of CRC, with or without considering lifestyle factors. However, moderate green tea consumption increased the risk of CRC among ever-smokers, ever-drinkers and the high-inflammatory diet group. Increased consumption of green tea might be helpful to reduce the risk of CRC in those with an unhealthy lifestyle.
A 100-kHz to 50-GHz traveling-wave amplifier IC module (1999)

Broad-band microwave packaging of a traveling-wave amplifier with an on-chip bandwidth of 2-50 GHz is described. Techniques to reduce overall insertion losses and to extend the low-frequency cutoff of the amplifier while maintaining gain-flatness are discussed. The packaged amplifier modules exhibit excellent performance from 100 kHz to 50 GHz. They are demonstrated as modulator drivers and receiver amplifiers in a 30-Gbit/s digital optical communication system.
CCR Translation for This Article from miRNA Biomarkers in Cyst Fluid Augment the Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cysts (2023)

CCR Translation for This Article from miRNA Biomarkers in Cyst Fluid Augment the Diagnosis and Management of Pancreatic Cysts
III/V ratio based selectivity between strained Stranski-Krastanov and strain-free GaSb quantum dots on GaAs (2006)

The authors demonstrate and characterize type-II GaSb quantum dot (QD) formation on GaAs by either Stranski-Krastanov (SK) or interfacial misfit (IMF) growth mode. The growth mode selection is controlled by the gallium to antimony (III/V) ratio where a high III/V ratio produces IMF and a low ratio establishes the SK growth mode. The IMF growth mode produces strain-relaxed QDs, where the SK QDs remain highly strained. Both ensembles demonstrate strong room temperature photoluminescence (PL) with the SK QDs emitting at 1180nm and the IMF QDs emitting at 1375nm. Quantized energy levels along with a spectral blueshift are observed in 77K PL. Transmission electron microscope images identify the IMF array and crystallographic shape for both types of QD formation. Atomic force microscope images characterize QD geometry and density.
Microfluidic pretreatment of bacterial cells for analysis of intracellular contents (2005)

Electrical lysis of biological cells on a microfluidic platform has been raising a lot of interests due to its applications in rapid recovering intracellular contents without introducing lytic agents. In this study, we demonstrated a simple microfluidic device which lysed green fluorescent protein (GFP) expressing <i>E. coli</i> cells under continuous DC voltage while cells flowed through. The cell lysis only happened in a defined section of a microfluidic channel due to the local field amplification by geometric modification. The geometric modification also effectively decreased the required voltage for lysis by several folds. We found that a local field strength of 1500V/cm was required for lysis of nearly 100% of <i>E. coli</i> cells. This lysis field strength was considerably lower than the value reported in the literature, possibly due to the longer duration of the field. The lysis was witnessed by plate count and fluorescence spectroscopy. The devices were fabricated using low-cost soft lithography with channel widths considerably larger than the cell size to avoid clogging and ensure stable performance. Our tool will be ideal for high throughput processing of a large number of cells. Furthermore, the application of continuous DC field makes it straightforward to couple our cell lysis device with on-chip electrophoresis to realize the integration of cell pretreatment and chemical analysis. In principle, the same approach can also be applied for the lysis of mammalian cells and for the electroporation and transfection.
Image representation by blob and CT reconstruction from few projections (2011)

The localized radial symmetric function, or the blob, is an ideal alternative to the pixel for CT image reconstruction. In this paper we develop image representation models using blob and propose reconstruction methods for few projections CT data. The image is represented by a single scale Gaussian blob or multiscale blobs of different frequency selectivity, and is reconstructed by minimizing the Total Variation or the ℓ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> norm of blob coefficients. Some 2D numerical results are presented, where we use the GPU platform for fast numerical evaluations of the operations such as the X-Ray projection and back projection.
Comparison of Cheddar cheeses produced with recombinant chymosin and with calf rennet using two dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography (1995)

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