gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cache QoS: From concept to reality in the Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2600 v3 product family (2016)

Over the last decade, addressing quality of service (QoS) in multi-core server platforms has been growing research topic. QoS techniques have been proposed to address the shared resource contention between co-running applications or virtual machines in servers and thereby provide better isolation, performance determinism and potentially improve overall throughput. One of the most important shared resources is cache space. Most proposals for addressing shared cache contention are based on simulations and analysis and no commercial platforms were available that integrated such techniques and provided a practical solution. In this paper, we will present the first set of shared cache QoS techniques designed and implemented in state-of-the-art commercial servers (the Intel® Xeon® processor E5-2600 v3 product family). We will describe two key technologies: (i) Cache Monitoring Technology (CMT) to enable monitoring of shared cache usage by different applications and (ii) Cache Allocation Technology (CAT) which enables redistribution of shared cache space between applications to address contention. This is the first paper to describing these techniques as they moved from concept to reality, starting from early research to product implementation. We will also present case studies highlighting the value of these techniques using example scenarios of multi-programmed workloads, virtualized platforms in datacenters and communications platforms. Finally, we will describe initial software infrastructure and enabling for industry practitioners and researchers to take advantage of these technologies for their QoS needs.
A synthetic route to 3‐(dialkylamino)phenothiazin‐5‐ium salts and 3,7‐disubstituted derivatives containing two different amino groups (1993)

Abstract Phenothiazin‐5‐ium tetraiodide hydrate ( 2 ), the suggested oxidation product of phenothiazine with iodine, is treated with two equivalents of a dialkylamine to give 3‐(dialkylamino)phenothiazin‐5‐ium triiodides, 3‐6 . 3,7‐Disubstituted phenothiazin‐5‐ium iodides, 7‐9 , are obtained by the reaction of 3‐6 with an amine.
Submillimeter Diameter Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Vascular Graft Patency in Rabbit Model (2016)

Microvascular surgery is becoming a prevalent surgical practice. Replantation, hand reconstruction, orthopedic, and free tissue transfer procedures all rely on microvascular surgery for the repair of venous and arterial defects at the millimeter and submillimeter levels. Often, a vascular graft is required for the procedure as a means to bridge the gap between native arteries. While autologous vessels are desired for their bioactivity and non-thrombogenicity, the tedious harvest process, lack of availability, and caliber or mechanical mismatch contribute to graft failure. Thus, there is a need for an off-the-shelf artificial vascular graft that has low thrombogenic properties and mechanical properties matching those of submillimeter vessels. Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogel (PVA) has excellent prospects as a vascular graft due to its bioinertness, low thrombogenicity, high water content, and tunable mechanical properties. Here, we fabricated PVA grafts with submillimeter diameter and mechanical properties that closely approximated those of the rabbit femoral artery. In vitro platelet adhesion and microparticle release assay verified the low thrombogenicity of PVA. A stringent proof-of-concept in vivo test was performed by implanting PVA grafts in rabbit femoral artery with multilevel arterial occlusion. Laser Doppler measurements indicated the improved perfusion of the distal limb after implantation with PVA grafts. Moreover, ultrasound Doppler and angiography verified that the submillimeter diameter PVA vascular grafts remained patent for 2 weeks without the aid of anticoagulant or antithrombotics. Endothelial cells were observed in the luminal surface of one patent PVA graft. The advantageous non-thrombogenic and tunable mechanical properties of PVA that are retained even in the submillimeter diameter dimensions support the application of this biomaterial for vascular replacement in microvascular surgery.
Voltage-dependent Gating of Hyperpolarization-activated, Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Pacemaker Channels (2004)

Hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels have a transmembrane topology that is highly similar to voltage-gated K(+) channels, yet HCN channels open in response to membrane hyperpolarization instead of depolarization. The structural basis for the "inverted" voltage dependence of HCN gating and how voltage sensing by the S1-S4 domains is coupled to the opening of the intracellular gate formed by the S6 domain are unknown. Coupling could arise from interaction between specific residues or entire transmembrane domains. We previously reported that the mutation of specific residues in the S4-S5 linker of HCN2 (i.e. Tyr-331 and Arg-339) prevented normal channel closure presumably by disruption of a crucial interaction with the activation gate. Here we hypothesized that the C-linker, a carboxyl terminus segment that connects S6 to the cyclic nucleotide binding domain, interacts with specific residues of the S4-S5 linker to mediate coupling. The recently solved structure of the C-linker of HCN2 indicates that an alpha-helix (the A'-helix) is located near the end of each S6 domain, the presumed location of the activation gate. Ala-scanning mutagenesis of the end of S6 and the A'-helix identified five residues that were important for normal gating as mutations disrupted channel closure. However, partial deletion of the C-linker indicated that the presence of only two of these residues was required for normal coupling. Further mutation analyses suggested that a specific electrostatic interaction between Arg-339 of the S4-S5 linker and Asp-443 of the C-linker stabilizes the closed state and thus participates in the coupling of voltage sensing and activation gating in HCN channels.
Hydraulic Fracture-Initiation in Deviated or Horizontal Openhole Wellbores (1998)

Abstract It is well known that a, hydraulic fracture preferentially extends in a plane perpendicular to the least principal in-situ formation stress. However, it is not generally recognized that in an openhole completion, the hydraulic fracture will only initiate perpendicular to the least principal formation stress if the well's axis is aligned with the preferred fracture plane throughout the treatment interval, If the well intersects the preferred fracture plane, a hydraulic fracture initiated in an openhole section will intersect both the borehole and the preferred fracture plane. As the fracture extends away from the well, it turns, realigning itself with the preferred fracture plane. In the immediate vicinity of the wellbore, this turning results in tortuosity and a reduced fracture width, which can lead to premature screenouts or a choke effect during production. The most severe case of this occurrence is in an openhole completion in a well drilled perpendicular to the preferred fracture plane, where a hydraulic fracture initiates longitudinally but rapidly realigns itself with the preferred fracture plane normal to the borehole. Once realigned, the fracture grows back toward the well. As a result, both longitudinal and transverse fractures are present at the wellbore. Extensive calculations detailing the orientation of the initial fracture relative to the wellbore and the preferred fracture plane are presented for all borehole deviations relative to the preferred fracture plane and the maximum formation-stress direction. Results of laboratory investigations of fracture initiation and propagation from openhole, deviated wellbores are summarized and compared to analytical predictions. The effects of wellbore diameter on fracture orientation and the potential for link-up of multiple fractures are also discussed. P. 391
Water-Soluble Polyelectrolytes for FRET-based DNA Detection (2008)

Two conjugated polyelectrolytes with same electronic structure with/without molecular spacer (or bumper) are compared in functioning as a donor in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to a fluorescein-labeled single-stranded DNA (ssDNA-Fl). Fluorescence quenching of the acceptor (Fl) in the polymer/ssDNA-Fl electrostatic complex is a main concern to improve detection sensitivity. This study can show one important example of structure-property relationships for the FRET-based biosensing assays. Structure modification such as molecular bumper can fine-tune the competition between energy transfer and electron transfer quenching in FRET-based DNA sequence detection.
The Decomposition Rate of Hydrogen Peroxide to Oxygen on Illuminated Semiconductor Electrodes (1993)

A kinetic approach to the photocurrent transient observed at a semiconductor‐aqueous electrolyte system was made. It has been concluded that the chemical properties of hydrogen peroxide in the electrolyte used cause the transient phenomena. If the hydrogen peroxide generated as an intermediate of the oxidation product of water keeps adsorbing on the electrode surface for a long time probably due to a lack of overpotential and/or due to its instability in the solution used, it has time to decompose to oxygen on the electrode surface and the resultant oxygen can disturb the charge transfer from the electrode to the solution, causing the photocurrent transient. The current transient can be classified into two types of time dependence: and . The former is observed at pH ∼ 11.0 where the charge exchange between the hydrogen peroxide and the reactant in the solution dominates:
The Regional Contribution of Glycosaminoglycans to Temporomandibular Joint Disc Compressive Properties (2012)

Understanding structure-function relationships in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc is a critical first step toward creating functional tissue replacements for the large population of patients suffering from TMJ disc disorders. While many of these relationships have been identified for the collagenous fraction of the disc, this same understanding is lacking for the next most abundant extracellular matrix component, sulfated glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Though GAGs are known to play a major role in maintaining compressive integrity in GAG-rich tissues such as articular cartilage, their role in fibrocartilaginous tissues in which GAGs are much less abundant is not clearly defined. Therefore, this study investigates the contribution of GAGs to the regional viscoelastic compressive properties of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc. Chondroitinase ABC (C-ABC) was used to deplete GAGs in five different disc regions, and the time course for >95% GAG removal was defined. The compressive properties of GAG depleted regional specimens were then compared to non-treated controls using an unconfined compression stress-relaxation test. Additionally, treated and non-treated specimens were assayed biochemically and histologically to confirm GAG removal. Compared to untreated controls, the only regions affected by GAG removal in terms of biomechanical properties were in the intermediate zone, the most GAG-rich portion of the disc. Without GAGs, all intermediate zone regions showed decreased tissue viscosity, and the intermediate zone lateral region also showed a 12.5% decrease in modulus of relaxation. However, in the anterior and posterior band regions, no change in compressive properties was observed following GAG depletion, though these regions showed the highest compressive properties overall. Although GAGs are not the major extracellular matrix molecule of the TMJ disc, they are responsible for some of the viscoelastic compressive properties of the tissue. Furthermore, the mechanical role of sulfated GAGs in the disc varies regionally in the tissue, and GAG abundance does not always correlate with higher compressive properties. Overall, this study found that sulfated GAGs are important to TMJ disc mechanics in the intermediate zone, an important finding for establishing design characteristics for future tissue engineering efforts.
Effect of restoring soil hydrological poperties on water conservation (2008)

Water repellency in soil is more wide spread than previously thought ? and has a significant impact on irrigation efficiency and water conservation. Soil water repellency has been identified in many soil types under a wide array of climatic conditions world wide. Consequences include increased runoff and preferential flow, reduced irrigation efficiency, and increased requirement for water and other inputs. Various soil hydrological properties are changed by water repellency reducing the ability of the soil to function as expected. Water repellency also contributes significantly to suboptimal growing conditions and can increase potential for non-point source pollution. Research indicates that certain soil surfactants restore hydrological processes lost to water repellency in various soils. This results in significant water conservation possibilities through more efficient functioning of the soils. This work consolidates information on basic hydrological and soil system functions as they relate to efficient water use and water conservation ? and shows how they can be compromised by soil water repellency and restored through use of soil surfactants, ultimately allowing significant water conservation. The conclusion is that the hydrological properties of many soils can be changed by naturally occurring soil water repellency resulting in waste and over consumption of water; and that the use of certain soil surfactants correct these changes allowing very significant savings in water as well as other inputs.
Clean Metal Nucleated Casting of Superalloys (2005)

The clean metal nucleated casting program is a cooperative research program between GE Energy and Allvac, sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology under the Advanced Technology Program. The goal of the program is to develop a spray-casting technology for the production of extremely large, segregation-free, superalloy ingots for use in turbine wheels in land-based gas turbines. The raw material for the process is a superalloy vacuum induction melted (VIM) electrode; in the CMNC process it is melted in a bottompouring Electro-Slag Remelting (ESR) furnace that forms a stream of liquid superalloy for subsequent atomization and collection in a withdrawal mold. Gas atomization of the stream to form a spray occurs in a chamber where spray distance and gas-to-metal flow rates can be adjusted to cool the metal to a desired level before collection. The approach taken in the R&D program is to address key technical risks associated with the system through construction of a one-ton research plant. These risks include the design and operability of the ESR furnace, pouring system, and collection system. Computational models of all key components of the process are developed and validated against experiments performed on the research plant. The validated models will be used to extrapolate to commercial-sized ingots.
Neutral Flow Evolution in a Six-Kilowatt Hall Thruster (2011)

Laser-induced fluorescence velocimetry measurements obtained from the interior of a 6-kW Hall thruster using the Xe I 6s 3=2 02 ! 6p 3=2 2 transition at 823.4 nm (vacuum) and the Xe I 6s0 1=2 01 ! 6p0 3=2 2 transition at 834.9 nm (vacuum) are presented. The thruster is operated under seven conditions, with discharge voltages ranging from 150 to 600 V and anode mass flow rates ranging from 10 to 30 mg=s. Velocimetry results along the channel centerline show that the neutral propellant leaves the anode at a bulk axial velocity of 100 m=s and accelerates to 300–400 m=s by the exit plane. The temperature of the neutrals starts out at 1000–1600 K near the anode but cools down to 500–800 K near the exit plane. The anode mass flow rate appears to have a bigger influence on the bulk velocity and temperature of the neutrals than the discharge voltage. Radial sweeps across the channel exit plane revealed the presence of near-wall boundary layers approximately a fewmillimeters thick. The experimental results are compared with MONACO and HPHall-2 simulation results. The comparison suggests that the neutral-flow acceleration is due to a combination of wall thermalization, hydrodynamic, and ionization effects.
Long Range Passive RFID-Tag for Multipoint Temperature Indication System (2005)

A novel long range passive RFID tag with 30 m reading distance under ARIB standards is proposed. The proposed tag is composed of a divided microstrip antenna and a passive voltage multiplying circuit. The received level at the reader for the case of the proposed tag is about 10 dB greater than that for the case of the dipole antenna of the conventional tag. Since the antenna is a microstrip type antenna having a ground plane, it can be used in the vicinity of a metal structure. The proposed rectifying circuit is composed of a tank circuit of a λ/4 short stub and modified 3-stage Cockcroft-Walton circuit and can convert from -20 dBm (Zo=50Ω) RF input of 950 MHz or 2.45 GHz to more than 0.6 V DC voltages at load current 2 μA for the transponding operation. The size of fabricated tags for 950 MHz band is 90x60x4 mm and that for 2.45 GHz band is 70x25x4 mm. Keyword Passive RFID,Temperature sensor,Long range communication,Microstrip antenna, Multiplying rectifier 社団法人 電子情報通信学会 信学技報 THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, TECHNICAL REPORT OF IEICE INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS WBS2004-152, A.P2004-333,RCS2004-420 MoMuC2004-203,MW2004-330 (2005-03) 180 1. まえがき 近年,ユビキタス・ネットワークの実現手段として 無線タグの様々な応用が報告されている.無線タグシ ステムは,質問器(タグリーダ)と無線タグ(RFID) によって構成される.小形パッシブ動作で,かつ各種 センサ機能を有し,応答距離が 10m を超える無線タグ が安価に入手可能になれば,単なるバーコードの代替 としてだけでなく,これまで難しかった大規模な社会 インフラストラクチャを高い自由度で構築することが でき,全く新しい未来のネットワーク社会を実現でき るものと考えられる. 本報告では,これまでに提案した2つの技術,即ち 2分割マイクロストリップ3端子アンテナと受電昇圧 整流回路 [1],[2]を用いて温度センサ付きパッシブ無線 タグを開発・試作した結果について述べる.この無線 タグは,950MHz 帯 4W EIRP[3]及び 2.45GHz 帯 RCR STD-1 規格 [4]で,それぞれ 30m の距離まで応答できる. また,試作した無線タグの大きさは,950MHz 帯が名 刺大,2.45GHz 帯が名刺の 1/4 の面積である. 2. タグアンテナ 図1にダイポールアンテナを用いた従来型のパッ シブ無線タグ [5]の構成を示す.可変インピーダンス素 子 Zv は無線タグからの応答信号を返送するためにダ イポールアンテナの端子 A-B 間に接続されている.ま た,無線タグ内の制御回路を動作させるための受電整 流回路も同じ端子 A-B 間に並列接続される.このため, 互いに影響しあうという欠点があった. 図2に提案する2分割マイクロストリップ3端子 アンテナを用いたパッシブ無線タグの構成を示す.こ の図で可変インピーダンス素子 Zv として利用するダ イオードは,アンテナ端子 A-B 間に接続され,受電昇 圧整流回路は端子 B-C 間に接続されており,互いの動 作に影響しにくい構成である.また,地板を有してい るために,金属等に密着して使用することができ,か つ後述するように受電昇圧整流のためのλ /4 ショート スタブ共振回路を容易に一体化することができる. 図3に質問器での無線タグからの応答信号レベル の解析モデルを示す.ここで, f0 は質問器から送信す る RF 信号周波数であり,fLO はダイオードに加える変 調信号周波数である. f0+fLO の周波数の応答信号は質 問器アンテナで受信され,ハイブリッド回路を介して 受信機に接続されるものとする.また,ダイオードと して PIN ダイオードを想定している.図4は,キャリ ア周波数 f0=2.45GHz とし,質問器とタグ間の距離 z=83 λ o(λ o=12.2cm)の質問器における応答信号受信レベ ルを質問器からの RF 送信電力で規格化した解析結果 である.ただし,数値解析はモーメント法を用いて行 った.この図では,タグアンテナの長さ L を横軸にと り,地板のない従来型のダイポールアンテナを用いた 場合と地板を有する提案型マイクロストリップアンテ ナを用いた場合の比較をしている.両者のストリップ 導体幅 w=0.053λ o 及び可変インピーダンス素子とし て装荷した PIN ダイオードの順方向等価直列抵抗 Rs=1 Ω,逆方向接合容量 C0=2 pF は共通とした.また,マ イクロストリップアンテナのストリップ導体と地板間 の距離 h=0.02λ o とした.この図を見て分かるように, 提案型マイクロストリップアンテナを用いたタグから の応答信号レベルは,従来のダイポール型と比較して, ほぼ同じアンテナ長で約 10dB 高い.これは,無線タ グにおける応答信号レベルがタグアンテナの利得の2 乗に比例すること,及び後述するように可変インピー ダンス素子がアンテナの反射条件を効率良く制御でき ていることによるものである.
Electrophysical Properties of Polymer Electrolyte Membranes:  A Random Network Model (1997)

A random network model of charge transport in porous polymer membranes is proposed and investigated by means of an effective medium theory. Specific conductivity and geometrical capacity (dielectric constant) of membranes are calculated in dependence of water content, taking swelling effects into account. The conductivity shows a quasi-percolation type dependence, growing above a certain critical water content, while taking below it a value typical of residual conductivity in dry membranes. The geometrical capacity can show an increase with water content or it can undergo a maximum at the percolation threshold, depending on the model parameters. The theoretical findings are in line with experimental observations of the membrane complex impedance as a function of water content. The results suggest a frame for classification of different types of polymer membranes with regard to their performance, depending on swelling properties.
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling of Vinylogous Amides with Aryl Halides:  Applications to the Synthesis of Heterocycles (2000)

[formula: see text] Described herein is the first example of the palladium-catalyzed coupling of vinylogous amides with aryl bromides and chlorides. The scope of this reaction with respect to the aryl component is investigated. Additionally, a tandem reaction sequence in which the above coupling is followed by an intramolecular Heck reaction is presented. These reactions can be applied to high-yielding, one-pot syntheses of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
Theory of Shaping Electron Wavepackets with Light (2020)

We present the quantum theory governing the interaction between short laser pulses and relativistic free electrons and reveal intrinsic conservation laws for such quantum interactions. Through the judicious design of the amplitude and phase of a laser pulse, we propose the complete shaping of the electron temporal wavepacket and energy spectrum. To exemplify the prospects and limitations of the shaping process, we optimize laser pulses that can reduce the energy spread of an electron beam. We also find attosecond laser pulse trains that generate electron combs with record short attosecond features that push the lowest limits of electron temporal duration. We propose to utilize the quantum shaping of the electron energy spectrum for a new kind of light–matter interaction: Matching the shaped electron energy shift to a target material excitation. This way we can transfer the electron coherent state into a new coherent material excitation, allowing access to states that are forbidden with optical excitations. Our formalism generalizes all the previous theoretical models in the area of photon-induced nearfield electron microscopy (PINEM); our formalism can fit experiments in the field that cannot be modeled by the conventional PINEM theory. Altogether, our new formalism of shaping quantum electron-laser interactions in the dimension of time/energy has prospects for novel phenomena in attosecond science, for new techniques in electron microscopy, and for their potential marriage in ultrafast quantum electron optics.
Characterization of the perovskite solar cells containing atomic layer deposited Al2O3 buffer layer (2017)

Hybrid perovskites have potential to overcome performance limits of the current solar cell technologies and achieve low cost and high versatility. Nonetheless, they are prone to degradation in presence of moisture within a couple of hours or days. In this work, we use the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 on the CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite at
room temperature in order to verify if this thin ALD layer may protect the perovskite film against moisture degradation and to check the impact of the Al2O3 on the solar to power conversion efficiency (PCE). Depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study shows that the ALD precursors are chemically active only at the perovskite surface and the film bulk is not affected. The perovskite film coated with Al2O3 layer has enhanced moisture stability. Solar cells with a fresh-made CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite film have shown PCE of 15.4%, while the one with 50 days aged perovskite only 6.1%. However, when the aged perovskite is covered with RT-ALD-Al2O3 the PCE value is clearly enhanced.[1] [1] M. Kot et al., Room temperature ALD impact on efficiency, stability and surface properties in perovskite solar cells, ChemSusChem,acctepted.