gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital watermarking using inter-block correlation: extension to JPEG coded domain (2002)

Digital watermarking schemes have been discussed to solve the problem associated with copyright enforcement. As a digital watermarking, we proposed a method using inter-block correlation of DCT coefficients. It has the features that the embedded watermark can be extracted without the original image nor the parameters used in embedding process and that the amount of modification, the strength of embedded watermark, depends on the local feature of an image. This feature makes it difficult for pirate to predict the position in which the watermark signal is embedded. We propose a method which can embed/extract watermark with high speed by utilizing this watermarking method for JPEG file format.
Physical Layer Security in Military Communications (2019)

Military communications need to be secure in harsh operational conditions under constant enemy attacks and attempts to eavesdrop, jam, or decrypt the communications. Physical layer security (PLS) can be used in conjunction with traditional cryptographic techniques to ensure an additional layer of security for military communications. In this article, PLS techniques at different levels of military communications, from communications at the military section level to the battalion or command center level, are discussed and analyzed. The presented solutions were tailored to the challenges faced in each scenario, leading to good performance. Additional challenges are also discussed, and suitable solutions are outlined.
A novel periodic microstrip leaky-wave antenna with backward to forward scanning (2015)

A novel structure of printed periodic leaky-wave antenna is proposed in this article with the goal to provide a constant frequency scanning of the antenna beam from backward to forward, including the broadside. A new method based on the matching of a unit cell and the characteristic impedance of the transmission line has been proposed to systematically remove the open stop band. This method has been effectively implemented on a unit cell and a periodic leaky-wave antenna has been designed. Using the proposed technic the open stop band is completely removed and a relatively constant gain is achieved over the desired frequency band.
Fracture mechanical behaviour of laser beam-welded AA2198 butt joints and integral structures (2015)

Purpose – Composite materials and metallic structures already compete for the next generation of single-aisle aircraft. Despite the good mechanical properties of composite materials metallic structures offer challenging properties and high cost effectiveness via the automation in manufacturing, especially when metallic structures will be welded. In this domain, metallic aircraft structures will require weight savings of approximately 20 per cent to increase the efficiency and reduce the CO 2 emission by the same amount. Laser beam welding of high-strength Al-Li alloy AA2198 represents a promising method of providing a breakthrough response to the challenges of lightweight design in aircraft applications. The key factor for the application of laser-welded AA2198 structures is the availability of reliable data for the assessment of their damage tolerance behaviour. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – In the presented research, the mechanical properties concerning the quasi-static tensile and fracture toughness ( R -curve) of laser beam-welded AA2198 butt joints are investigated. In the next step, a systematic analysis to clarify the deformation and fracture behaviour of the laser beam-welded AA2198 four-stringer panels is conducted. Findings – AA2198 offers better resistance against fracture than the well-known AA2024 alloy. It is possible to weld AA2198 with good results, and the welds also exhibit a higher fracture resistance than AA2024 base material (BM). Welded AA2198 four-stringer panels exhibit a residual strength behaviour superior to that of the flat BM panel. Originality/value – The present study is undertaken on the third-generation airframe-quality Al-Li alloy AA2198 with the main emphasis to investigate the mechanical fracture behaviour of AA2198 BMs, laser beam-welded joints and laser beam-welded integral structures. Studies investigating the damage tolerance of welded integral structures of Al-Li alloys are scarce.
Oxygen-coupled redox regulation of the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor-Ca 2+ release channel by NADPH oxidase 4 (2011)

Physiological sensing of O(2) tension (partial O(2) pressure, pO(2)) plays an important role in some mammalian cellular systems, but striated muscle generally is not considered to be among them. Here we describe a molecular mechanism in skeletal muscle that acutely couples changes in pO(2) to altered calcium release through the ryanodine receptor-Ca(2+)-release channel (RyR1). Reactive oxygen species are generated in proportion to pO(2) by NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and the consequent oxidation of a small set of RyR1 cysteine thiols results in increased RyR1 activity and Ca(2+) release in isolated sarcoplasmic reticulum and in cultured myofibers and enhanced contractility of intact muscle. Thus, Nox4 is an O(2) sensor in skeletal muscle, and O(2)-coupled hydrogen peroxide production by Nox4 governs the redox state of regulatory RyR1 thiols and thereby governs muscle performance. These findings reveal a molecular mechanism for O(2)-based signaling by an NADPH oxidase and demonstrate a physiological role for oxidative modification of RyR1.
Quarterly Technical Progress Report (2002)

This report presents the progress made during the first quarter of phase 2 for the project entitled ''Development and Validation of Thermal Neutron Scattering Laws from Applications and Safety Implications in Generation IV Reactor Designs.'' (B204) THIS IS NOT A FINAL REPORT
Kidney Health Initiative ESKD Data Standards Project (2022)

The end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) Data Standards Project was launched by the Kidney Health Initiative (KHI) with the goal of standardizing dialysis-related measurements for research use. KHI is a public-private partnership between the American Society of Nephrology, US Food and Drug Administration, and organizations with an interest in kidney disease. KHI promotes safe and effective patient-centered therapies for people with kidney disease. In 2018, KHI established a workgroup with expertise in nephrology, nursing, quality management, ESKD data, organizational management, and clinical research. The workgroup identified 5 topic areas and 8 specific measures for the development of standards on the basis of the existing ESKD Measurement Specification Manual published by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. The topic areas were ultrafiltration rate, vascular access, dialysis small solute clearance (3 data standards), hospitalization (2 data standards), and mortality. The research standards were approved by the workgroup, reviewed by external reviewers, and opened to public comment. The data standards attempt to achieve balance between brevity and completeness in the face of knowledge gaps. The ESKD Data Standards are publicly available on the KHI website (https://khi.asn-online.org/projects/project.aspx?ID=78).
Velocity Observation Using a Positon Sensor and an Acceleration Sensor for Electric Tiller Control (2016)

In order to control the electric tiller, it is necessary that the body velocity. Purpose of this study is to observe the vehicle velocity of the electric tiller by using the position data and acceleration data. Observation of velocity is to use the velocity observer. Velocity observer is using the state observer. However, the velocity observer only use, an error occurs in observed velocity by disturbance. Therefore, incorporating disturbance observer to velocity observer, it was to compensate for the velocity observer using the observed disturbance. The results of the simulation, error due to the disturbance becomes smaller in the proposed system. From these, by using the velocity observed system, it was confirmed that suppressing the error of the observed value due to a disturbance.
Potential for a precision measurement of solar pp neutrinos in the Serappis experiment (2022)

Abstract The Serappis (SEarch for RAre PP-neutrinos In Scintillator) project aims at a precision measurement of the flux of solar pp neutrinos on the few-percent level. Such a measurement will be a relevant contribution to the study of solar neutrino oscillation parameters and a sensitive test of the equilibrium between solar energy output in neutrinos and electromagnetic radiation (solar luminosity constraint). The concept of Serappis relies on a small organic liquid scintillator detector ( $$\sim $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 20 m $$^3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ) with excellent energy resolution ( $$\sim $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mo>∼</mml:mo> </mml:math> 2.5% at 1 MeV), low internal background and sufficient shielding from surrounding radioactivity. This can be achieved by a minor upgrade of the OSIRIS facility at the site of the JUNO neutrino experiment in southern China. To go substantially beyond current accuracy levels for the pp flux, an organic scintillator with ultra-low $$ {^{14}\hbox {C}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow /> <mml:mn>14</mml:mn> </mml:msup> <mml:mtext>C</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> levels (below $$10^{-18}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>18</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> ) is required. The existing OSIRIS detector and JUNO infrastructure will be instrumental in identifying suitable scintillator materials, offering a unique chance for a low-budget high-precision measurement of a fundamental property of our Sun that will be otherwise hard to access.
Effect of nonpolar field formed by polymer ligand on the oxidation of 2,6‐xylenol catalyzed by Cu complexes (1976)

Abstract The oxidative polymerization catalyzed by Cu(II)‐poly(vinylpyridine) derivatives and the effect of the nonpolar field formed by the polymer ligand on the catalysis was studied in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. The catalytic activity of the Cu complex increases in the following order; Cu‐(styrene‐vinylpyridine copolymer) (St·VP) complex &gt; Cu‐partially quarternized (by benzyl chloride) poly(vinylpyridine)(BCQP) complex &gt; Cu‐poly(vinylpyridine) (PVP) complex &gt; Cu‐pyridine (Py) complex &gt; Cu‐partially quarternized (by ethyl bromide) poly(vinylpyridine) (EBQP) complex. This order is the same as that of the reoxidation rate constant of the catalyst. Acceleration of k o process in Cu‐St&gt;VP and Cu‐BCQP systems, where the active site is in the nonpolar field formed by the polymer ligand, is explained by an increase in strength of the coordination bonds.
Beneficial actions of a long‐acting apelin analogue in diabetes are related to positive effects on islet cell turnover and transdifferentiation (2020)

Taken together these data demonstrate, for the first time, that pancreatic islet benefits of sustained APJ receptor activation in diabetes are linked to favourable islet cell transition events, leading to maintenance of β-cell mass.
Potentials of a biogenic residue-based production ofHermetia illucens as fish meal replacement in aquafeed forOncorhynchus mykiss in Germany (2018)

Owing to an increasing world population and a rising demand in protein for food and feed, alternative protein sources are needed. In addition, existing food and protein supplies such as wild and farmed fish need to be secured. Insects and more specifically the black soldier fly (BSF; Hermetia illucens) larvae, are discussed as an alternative animal protein source and a potential fish meal (FM) replacer in aquaculture. They can be sustainably reared on biogenic residues. In a literature study, the technical potential of occurring biogenic residues in Germany for the production of BSF larvae is estimated and their suitability as a FM replacement in aquafeed for the production of rainbow trout is evaluated. According to literature, up to 50% of FM can be substituted by BSF larvae meal in the feed of rainbow trout. For the annual German rainbow trout production of 8,466 t, 2,699 t BSF larvae meal (40.7% protein d.m.) is required to replace 1,556 t FM (70.9% protein d.m.). The demand for biogenic residues to feed the BSF larvae amounts to 22,942 t (d.m.). A large amount of biogenic residues occurring in Germany, such as forestry residues, animal excrements, straw and the biogenic fraction of municipal waste, have too poor nutrient contents or are inapplicable due to legal restrictions as feed for farmed animals. However, an alternative utilisation of approximately 1.26 Mt (d.m.) of biogenic industrial residues by far exceeds the demand for BSF larvae feed. Further investigations are needed on the environmental impact and profitability of using biogenic residues for BSF larvae production and competing utilisation pathways as well as of using resulting BSF larvae meal as FM replacement in feed for rainbow trout. Graphical abstract – Annual technical potential of a biogenic residue-based production of black soldier fly (BSF) larvae as aquafeed for farmed rainbow trout in Germany (M = million, based on dry weight unless indicated otherwise).
A Rapid Single Spore Enumeration Assay (2006)

The Rapid Single Spore Enumeration Assay (RapidSSEA) is being developed for the Mars Technology Program to aid planetary protection personnel in their efforts to validate bioburden reduction on spacecraft surfaces prior to launch. RapidSSEA is based on imaging and counting individual bacterial spores in a microscope field-of-view, where the contrast is generated by a highly luminescent complex that forms when dipicolinic acid (DPA) is released from spores during germination and binds to terbium (Tb <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ) ions in the surrounding medium. Under pulsed UV excitation, the long-lived (tau ~ 1 ms) DPA-triggered Tb luminescence is imaged by a lifetime-gated camera, essentially eliminating fluorescent interferents from the image, which enables counting of bacterial spores swabbed from environmental samples. Here we report results from the first side-by-side comparison of RapidSSEA and the NASA standard assay. Both assays were used to assess the spore population on stainless steel coupons inoculated with Bacillus atrophaeus spores. Using RapidSSEA, 38.0% plusmn 5.8% of the total inoculated spore population was recovered and counted within 30 minutes
Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity of a Large-Pore Tridirectional Zeolite, H-ITQ-7 (2000)

Over 30 years since the first tridirectional zeolite: The new ITQ-7 material is catalytically active, high in silica, and has large pore sizes. More significantly, T-ITQ-7 material can be prepared by a new synthetic process which allows atomic substitution of the Si in the framework for T atoms boron, aluminum, or germanium. The Ge-ITQ-7 variant shows a markedly different mean crystallite size. The catalytic activity of these materials is demonstated by cracking n-decane.
Human antibodies targeting cell surface antigens overexpressed by the hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer cells: ICAM-1 is a tumor antigen that mediates prostate cancer cell invasion (2009)

Transition from hormone-sensitive to hormone-refractory metastatic tumor types poses a major challenge for prostate cancer treatment. Tumor antigens that are differentially expressed during this transition are likely to play important roles in imparting prostate cancer cells with the ability to grow in a hormone-deprived environment and to metastasize to distal sites such as the bone and thus, are likely targets for therapeutic intervention. To identify those molecules and particularly cell surface antigens that accompany this transition, we studied the changes in cell surface antigenic profiles between a hormone-sensitive prostate cancer line LNCaP and its hormone-refractory derivative C4-2B, using an antibody library-based affinity proteomic approach. We selected a naive phage antibody display library to identify human single-chain antibodies that bind specifically to C4-2B but not LNCaP. Using mass spectrometry, we identified one of the antibody-targeted antigens as the ICAM-1/CD54/human rhinovirus receptor. Recombinant IgG1 derived from this single-chain antibody binds to a neutralizing epitope of ICAM-1 and blocks C4-2B cell invasion through extracellular matrix in vitro. ICAM-1 is thus differentially expressed during the transition of the hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP to its hormone-refractory derivative C4-2B, plays an important role in imparting the C4-2B line with the ability to invade, and may therefore be a target for therapeutic intervention.
(Invited) Fabrication of High-Quality GOI and SGOI Structures by Rapid Melt Growth Method - Novel Platform for High-Mobility Transistors and Photonic Devices - (2013)

High-quality germanium-on-insulator (GOI) and fully relaxed silicon germanium(SiGe)-on-insulator (SGOI) structures have been demonstrated by the rapid melt growth method. We successfully fabricated single-crystalline local GOI structures, that is, Ge wires over 100 um long within microcrucibles of a few um wide by means of lateral liquid phase epitaxy (lateral LPE). GOI MOSFETs produced by lateral LPE exhibited superior carrier mobility and on/off current ratio to those of conventional SOI devices, indicating excellent electrical properties of Ge-channel and MOS interface formed by LPE. Moreover, dislocation-free fully relaxed SiGe layers on SOI substrates were demonstrated by vertical LPE, in which crystallographic defects were found to be confined within the compositionally graded SiGe interlayer between the epitaxcially grown relaxed SiGe and SOI layers. These novel methods based on the rapid metal growth will open up a new pathway to realize platform for next-generation Ge-based high-mobility transistors and photonic devices.
Alternative FIB TEM Sample Preparation Method for Cross-Sections of Thin Metal Films Deposited on Polymer Substrates (2013)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and focused ion beam (FIB) are proven tools to produce site-specific samples in which to study devices from initial processing to causes for failure, as well as investigating the quality, defects, interface layers, etc. However, the use of polymer substrates presents new challenges, in the preparation of suitable site-specific TEM samples, which include sample warping, heating, charging, and melting. In addition to current options that address some of these problems such as cryo FIB, we add an alternative method and FIB sample geometry that address these challenges and produce viable samples suitable for TEM elemental analysis. The key feature to this approach is a larger than usual lift-out block into which small viewing windows are thinned. Significant largely unthinned regions of the block are left between and at the base of the thinned windows. These large unthinned regions supply structural support and thermal reservoirs during the thinning process. As proof-of-concept of this sample preparation method, we also present TEM elemental analysis of various thin metallic films deposited on patterned polycarbonate, lacquer, and poly-di-methyl-siloxane substrates where the pattern (from low- to high-aspect ratio) is preserved.
Ion and Solvent Exchange Processes in PGA/PAH Polyelectrolyte Multilayers Containing Ferrocyanide (2010)

We investigated ion exchange processes in poly(L-glutamic acid)/poly(allylamine)hydrochloride (PGA/PAH) polyelectrolyte multilayers containing ferrocyanide using electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance and infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection. Oxidation/reduction of the ferrocyanide caused a reversible swelling of the film. We showed that the electrochemical swelling of this multilayer system depends on the ionic properties of the contacting buffer. A model was developed to explain the influence of ionic strength, the pH value, and the charge of the counterions in the buffer on the swelling behavior, by relating the swelling of the multilayer to the exchange of counterions and water molecules between the buffer and the multilayer. Changing the salts in the buffer, while maintaining the same ionic strength, showed that the swelling of the multilayer is related to the counterions' molecular mass, hydration properties, and binding strength to PAH. The hydration efficiency of different monovalent anions follows the Hofmeister series, decreasing from kosmotropic ions to chaotropic ones. In contrast, the strong binding affinity of divalent anions causes them to diverge from the Hofmeister series and to release ferrocyanide from the multilayer.
Experimental Study of Dispersed Droplets in High-Pressure Annular Flows (1999)

Local measurements were made in a droplet-laden vapor core in upward R-134a annular flow in a high aspect ratio vertical duct. These detailed measurements are unique in that they were performed at high pressures and low liquid-to-vapor density ratios. Using a gamma densitometer, hot-film anemometer and laser Doppler velocimeter, profiles of void fraction, liquid droplet frequency, and droplet velocity were acquired across the narrow test section dimension. At relatively high flows, the measured void fraction was highest near the wall, due to the thinning of the liquid film. The dip in the void fraction in the vapor core at these flows suggests significant droplet entrainment. The entrainment fractions for these refrigerant flows fall in the range measured for pressurized steam-water systems. The average drop size, calculated from direct measurements of void fraction, droplet velocity, and frequency, compares favorably with previous experimental results from the literature. These data are useful for developing an improved understanding of practical two-phase flows, and for assessment of advanced two-fluid computer codes.
Replication strategies in unstructured peer-to-peer networks (2002)

The Peer-to-Peer (P2P) architectures that are most prevalent in today's Internet are decentralized and unstructured. Search is blind in that it is independent of the query and is thus not more effective than probing randomly chosen peers. One technique to improve the effectiveness of blind search is to proactively replicate data. We evaluate and compare different replication strategies and reveal interesting structure: Two very common but very different replication strategies - uniform and proportional - yield the same average performance on successful queries, and are in fact worse than any replication strategy which lies between them. The optimal strategy lies between the two and can be achieved by simple distributed algorithms. These fundamental results o.er a new understanding of replication and show that currently deployed replication strategies are far from optimal and that optimal replication is attainable by protocols that resemble existing ones in simplicity and operation.