gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CVD-Assisted Synthesis of 2D Layered MoSe2 on Mo Foil and Low Frequency Raman Scattering of Its Exfoliated Few-Layer Nanosheets on CaF2 Substrates (2022)

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are unique layered materials with exotic properties. So, examining their structures holds tremendous importance. 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> (analogous to MoS<sub>2</sub>; Gr. 6 TMDC) is a crucial optoelectronic material studied extensively using Raman spectroscopy. In this regard, low-frequency Raman (LFR) spectroscopy can probe this material's structure as it reveals distinct vibration modes. Here, we focus on understanding the microstructural evolution of different 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> morphologies and their layers using LFR scattering. We grew phase-pure 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> (with variable microstructures) directly on a Mo foil using a two-furnace ambient-pressure chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system by carefully controlling the process parameters. We analyzed the layers of exfoliated flakes after ultrasonication and drop-cast 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> of different layer thicknesses by choosing different concentrations of 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> solutions. Further detailed analyses of the respective LFR regions confirm the presence of newly identified Raman signals for the 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub> nanosheets drop-cast on Raman-grade CaF<sub>2</sub>. Our results show that CaF<sub>2</sub> is an appropriate Raman-enhancing substrate compared to Si/SiO<sub>2</sub> as it presents new LFR modes of 2H-MoSe<sub>2</sub>. Therefore, CaF<sub>2</sub> substrates are a promising medium to characterize in detail other TMDCs using LFR spectroscopy.
Iterative Linear-Programming-Based Route Optimization for Cooperative Networks (2008)

In this paper we develop linear-programming (LP) based route optimization techniques for networks of relays that employ mutual-information accumulation at the physical layer. Motivated by applications to unicast transmission in ultra wideband communications we concentrate on the regime where each node has a fixed bandwidth and transmission power. Our goal is to find the cooperative route that minimizes the source- to-destination transmission duration subject to a sum-energy constraint. We tackle this problem by solving a sequence of LP-based route optimizations under increasingly tight energy constraints, revealing a trade-off between energy consumption and delay. An initial route is found by "flooding" the network, resulting in the smallest delay, but largest energy consumption. Successive routes are found by initializing the LP with the optimum route found at the (slightly higher) previous energy constraint. Through this iterative procedure we explore a massive parameter space to find locally (and often globally) optimum solutions very efficiently. We illustrate our method for a network consisting of 50 nodes and compare the results to classic routing approaches. We comment on the applicability of our framework to other bandwidth and energy constraints, objective functions, and to multicasting.
Testing and Validation of High Density Resequencing Microarray for Broad Range Biothreat Agents Detection (2009)

Rapid and effective detection and identification of emerging microbiological threats and potential biowarfare agents is very challenging when using traditional culture-based methods. Contemporary molecular techniques, relying upon reverse transcription and/or polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR/PCR) provide a rapid and effective alternative, however, such assays are generally designed and optimized to detect only a limited number of targets, and seldom are capable of differentiation among variants of detected targets. To meet these challenges, we have designed a broad-range resequencing pathogen microarray (RPM) for detection of tropical and emerging infectious agents (TEI) including biothreat agents: RPM-TEI v 1.0 (RPM-TEI). The scope of the RPM-TEI assay enables detection and differential identification of 84 types of pathogens and 13 toxin genes, including most of the class A, B and C select agents as defined by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, Atlanta, GA). Due to the high risks associated with handling these particular target pathogens, the sensitivity validation of the RPM-TEI has been performed using an innovative approach, in which synthetic DNA fragments are used as templates for testing the assay's limit of detection (LOD). Assay specificity and sensitivity was subsequently confirmed by testing with full-length genomic nucleic acids of selected agents. The LOD for a majority of the agents detected by RPM-TEI was determined to be at least 10(4) copies per test. Our results also show that the RPM-TEI assay not only detects and identifies agents, but is also able to differentiate near neighbors of the same agent types, such as closely related strains of filoviruses of the Ebola Zaire group, or the Machupo and Lassa arenaviruses. Furthermore, each RPM-TEI assay results in specimen-specific agent gene sequence information that can be used to assess pathogenicity, mutations, and virulence markers, results that are not generally available from multiplexed RT-PCR/PCR-based detection assays.
Minimally invasive staging of patients with melanoma: sentinel lymphadenectomy and detection of the melanoma-specific proteins MART-1 and tyrosinase by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (1998)

Sentinel lymphadenectomy under local anesthesia in an outpatient setting and intraoperative lymph node preservation in liquid nitrogen are both feasible. Both tyrosinase and MART-1 are promising markers in the detection of occult melanoma in lymph nodes.
Off-nominal trajectory computation applied to unmanned aircraft system traffic management (2017)

An Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Traffic Management System (UTM) relies significantly on automation, introducing the need for efficient and accurate trajectory computation to enable coordination and safety. The main objective of this paper is to present and to organize prior work and relevant concepts with the goal of developing a framework for UAS trajectory prediction in the presence of anomalous events. Literature documenting UAS safety and risk assessment has provided multiple pointers for identification and characterization of system failures that cause trajectory deviations or changes to its associated qualities. A UAS trajectory modeling framework considering endogenous and exogenous factors affecting the trajectory is introduced and used in this exposition. In addition, a general formulation of the trajectory computation challenge is presented along with key requirements for potential solution approaches.
Photoluminescence Mapping of “As-Grown” Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes:  A Comparison with Micelle-Encapsulated Nanotube Solutions (2005)

Band gap photoluminescence (PL) is observed from "as-grown" single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in solid form. The relative PL intensities for six specific semiconducting SWNTs are compared directly to those of the micelle-encapsulated SWNTs' solutions to investigate the influence of the micelle dispersion process on PL measurements. The results indicate that sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and sodium cholate (SC) selectively solubilize smaller-diameter nanotubes, whereas sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) solution does not exhibit significant diameter selectivity within the diameter range studied here (d(t) = 0.829-0.966 nm).
High-current-density electrodeposition using pulsed and constant currents to produce thick CoPt magnetic films on silicon substrates (2017)

This paper investigates methods for electroplating thick (&amp;gt;20 μm), high-coercivity CoPt films using high current densities (up to 1 A/cm2) and elevated bath temperatures (70 °C). Correlations are made tying current-density and temperature process parameters with plating rate, elemental ratio and magnetic properties of the deposited CoPt films. It also investigates how pulsed currents can increase the plating rate and film to substrate adhesion. Using 500 mA/cm2 and constant current, high-quality, dense CoPt films were successfully electroplated up to 20 μm thick in 1 hr on silicon substrates (0.35 μm/min plating rate). After standard thermal treatment (675°C, 30 min) to achieve the ordered L10 crystalline phase, strong magnetic properties were measured: coercivities up 850 kA/m, remanences &amp;gt;0.5 T, and maximum energy products up to 46 kJ/m3.
Compact Hardware Implementations of the SHA-3 Candidates ARIRANG, BLAKE, Gröstl, and Skein. (2009)

The weakening of the widely used SHA-1 hash function has also cast doubts on the strength of the related algorithms of the SHA-2 family. The US NIST has therefore initiated the SHA-3 competition in order to select a modern hash function algorithm as a “backup” for SHA-2. This algorithm should be efficiently implementable both in software and hardware under different constraints. In this paper, we present hardware implementations of the four SHA-3 candidates ARIRANG, BLAKE, Grostl, and Skein with the primary constraint of minimizing chip area.
Horizontal Permeability Anisotropy Characterization by Pressure Transient Testing and Geological Data (1992)

SPE MembersAbstract. The anisotropy of horizontal permeability plays an important role in fluid flow distributions in reservoirs. However, it is rarely detected in the early stage of a reservoir study. Water break-through during production is usually the first evidence of such anisotropy. A technique to investigate the horizontal permeability has been developed, based on pressure transient analysis and geological data.Anisotropy has been detected and quantified using a pressure transient analysis and a knowledge of the reservoir geometry derived from geological analysis. The results obtained are subsequently confirmed by petrophysical measurements on oriented cores. The use of these results has been of primary importance in matching the pressure history of the
Starch Immobilized Ruthenium Trichloride Catalyzed Oxidative Cyanation of Tertiary Amines with Hydrogen Peroxide. (2011)

Abstract Starch immobilized ruthenium trichloride, easily synthesized by the reaction of silyl functionalized imidazolium chloride and hydroxyl groups of expanded corn starch (ECS) followed by the reaction with ruthenium trichloride, was found to be a highly efficient and recyclable catalyst for the oxidative cyanation of tertiary amines to α‐aminonitriles in high yields using hydrogen peroxide with sodium cyanide in acetic acid.
Feasibility report of stereotactic body radiotherapy with tomotherapy for early stage medically inoperable lung cancer using extreme hypofractionation (2006)

17097 Background: This is a report on the technical feasibility, dosimetric aspects, and daily image-guidance capability with megavoltage computed tomography (MvCT) imaging of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) using tomotherapy for patients with medically inoperable early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Treatment planning was performed using 4D PET-CT in a BodyFix device. A pilot group of 4 patients with &lt;5 cm T1/2, N0 tumors, was treated using IMRT (tomotherapy), utilizing daily image guidance with MvCT. Patients received 60 Gy within 10 days, delivered in five 12Gy fractions. The primary endpoint of this study was evaluation of acute and sub-acute treatment related toxicities. The secondary endpoint was radiographic evaluation for objective tumor response. Results: All 20 fractions were successfully delivered. MvCT provided excellent tumor visualization for daily image guidance. No significant tumor regression was observed in any patient during the 2 weeks of therapy, using volumetric contouring on MvCT images. The relevant dosimetric aspects, measured as median normalized total dose (NTD) were as follows: tumor = 116.5 Gy 10 ; whole lung = 6.8 Gy 3 . Maximum fraction-size equivalent dose (FED) demonstrated median values as follows: esophagus = 4.04 Gy 3 ; spinal cord = 6.53 Gy 3 . All patients are alive at a median follow-up of 6 months, with no grade 2 or higher acute pulmonary toxicities. Early radiographic follow-up demonstrates all 4 patients experienced a partial response. The mean tumor regression is 79% (range 64–85%). Conclusions: 4D PET-CT permits precise target delineation. In this, the first reported clinical experience, IMRT delivery of SBRT using tomotherapy is feasible, safe and free of major acute toxicities. The conformality which is obtained by helical delivery of the therapeutic dose makes it well-suited for dose escalation through extreme hypofractionation, with extremely low mean NTD to normal tissue. The ability to obtain on-treatment megavoltage CT scans to confirm tumor localization is a substantial advantage. Further studies and longer follow-up are warranted to evaluate the efficacy of this treatment modality. [Table: see text]
Quantitative Analysis of NK 1 Receptor in the Human Brain Using PET with 18 F-FE-SPA-RQ (2008)

18F-fluoroethyl-SPA-RQ (18F-FE-SPA-RQ) was recently devel-oped as a radioligand for themeasurement of neurokinin 1 (NK1) re-ceptorwith PET. In this study, we used 18F-FE-SPA-RQwith PET to visualize and quantify NK1 receptor in the human brain.Methods: PETscanswereperformedon7healthymenafter intravenous injec-tion of 18F-FE-SPA-RQ. Binding potential (BPND) was calculated by theindirectkinetic,simplifiedreferencetissuemodel (SRTM),andra-tiomethods. The indirect kineticmethodwasusedas the gold stan-dardmethod andwas comparedwith the SRTMmethod,with scan times of 180, 270, and 330min, andwith the ratiomethod,with time integration intervals of 120–180, 210–270, and 300–330 min. The cerebellum was used as the reference brain region. Results: Re-gional radioactivity was highest in the caudate head and putamen; mid level in the parahippocampus, cerebral cortex, and thalamus; and lowest in the cerebellum. BPND values by the indirect kinetic method were 3.15 6 0.36, 3.11 6 0.66, 1.17 6 0.25, and 0.46 6 0.14 in the caudate, putamen, parahippocampal region, and thala-mus, respectively. For cerebral cortical regions, BPND values by the indirect kineticmethodwere 0.946 0.23, 0.826 0.15, 0.766 0.15, and 0.696 0.16 in the occipital, temporal, frontal, and anterior cin-gulate cortices, respectively. BPND values by the SRTM and ratio methods were in good agreement with those by the indirect kinetic method (r 5 0.94–0.98). Conclusion: The regional distribution of 18F-FE-SPA-RQ was in agreement with previous PET studies and postmortem studies of NK1 receptor in the human brain. The ratio method will be useful for clinical research of psychiatric disorders, for the estimation of NK1 receptor without arterial blood sampling and long dynamic PET.
Model Studies for Heme Oxygenase-Catalyzed Porphyrin Meso Hydroxylation (2007)

Nonenzymatic model studies based on a porphyrin analogue (2,4-diacetyldeuteroporphyrin) that avoid the steric effect complications of the heme oxygenase active site were carried out to determine the polarity of the ferric hydroperoxide attacking species. Mass spectral and deuterium-labeling experiments indicate that the porphyrin meso positions that are at higher π-electron densities in ferric 2,4-diacetyldeuteroporphyrin are selectively attacked. This supports an electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism for the heme oxygenase-catalyzed porphyrin meso hydroxylation.
Comparison of Binding Proteins of Glucocorticoids in Mammary Tissue and in Blood Sera from Lactating Cows (1976)

Supernatant fractions (700 X g) isolated from homogenates of mammary tissue slices from three lactating Holstein cows (slices previously incubated with [hydrogen-3] cortisol for 1 h at 37 C) were electrophoresed on 7% polyacrylamide gels. The majority of radioactivity was in a protein(s) 2.5 to 3 cm from the origin whereas bovine serum incubated with [hydrogen-3] cortisol showed the majority of radioactivity in a protein 5 to 6 cm from the origin. N,N-diethylaminoethyl cellulose chromatography of 700 X g supernatant fluids from three lactating cows revealed that [hydrogen-3] cortisol was associated with a protein component that eluted with .3 M potassium phosphate, pH 8.0. In contrast, [hydrogen-3] cortisol bound to bovine sera eluted as two protein components with .05 and .1 M potassium phosphate, pH 8.0. Approximate molecular weights determined from gel filtration (four lactating cows) and sucrose density studies (two lactating cows) were estimated to be 2.5 X 10(5) to 3 X 10(6) for the 700 X g mammary receptor of cortisol and 6 X 10)4) to 8 X 10(4) for the primary protein which binds cortisol in serum. We conclude that lactating bovine mammary tissue contains a protein(s) capable of binding tritiated cortisol which is unique from the corticosteroid binding proteins of blood.
Relationship between within-Host Fitness and Virulence in the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Correlation with Partial Decoupling (2012)

Given the parasitic nature of viruses, it is sometimes assumed that rates of viral replication and dissemination within hosts (within-host fitness) correlate with virulence. However, there is currently little empirical evidence supporting this principle. To test this, we quantified the fitness and virulence of 21 single- or double-nucleotide mutants of the vesicular stomatitis virus in baby hamster kidney cells (BHK-21). We found that, overall, these two traits correlated positively, but significant outliers were identified. Particularly, a single mutation in the conserved C terminus of the N nucleocapsid (U1323A) had a strongly deleterious fitness effect but did not alter or even slightly increased virulence. We also found a double mutant of the M matrix protein and G glycoprotein (U2617G/A3802G mutant) with high fitness yet low virulence. We further characterized these mutants in primary cultures from mouse brain cells and in vivo and found that their relative fitness values were similar to those observed in BHK-21 cells. The mutations had weak effects on the virus-induced death rate of total brain cells, although they specifically reduced neuron death rates. Furthermore, increased apoptosis levels were detected in neurons infected with the U2617G/A3802G mutant, consistent with its known inability to block interferon secretion. In vivo, this mutant had reduced virulence and, despite its low brain titer, it retained a relatively high fitness value owing to its ability to suppress competitor viruses. Overall, our results are in broad agreement with the notion that viral fitness and virulence should be positively correlated but show that certain mutations can break this association and that the fitness-virulence relationship can depend on complex virus-host and virus-virus interactions.
Fervidicoccales (2016)

Abstract Fer.vi.di.coc.ca'les. N.L. masc. n. Fervidicoccus the type genus of the order; ‐ ales ending to denote an order; N.L. fem. pl. n. Fervidicoccales the order of the genus Fervidicoccus . Archaea of the order Fervidicoccales are extremely thermophilic, obligately anaerobic, organotrophic microorganisms of the phylum Crenarchaeota . Their 16S rRNA genes have been found in terrestrial hot springs of Yellowstone National Park, Iceland, New Zealand, Kamchatka and Kuril Islands (Russia) with temperatures of 55–84°C and neutral or slightly acidic pHs. Fervidicoccus fontis is so far the only cultured representative of the order Fervidicoccales . The analysis of phylogenetic markers and the distribution of best blastp hits of F. fontis proteins in the available genomes of Crenarchaeota support distinct phylogenetic position of the order Fervidicoccales as a separate lineage adjoining the heterogeneous order Desulfurococcales . In addition, certain F. fontis genomic features correlate with its adaptation to temperatures of 60–80°C, which are lower than temperatures preferred by Desulfurococcales . Type genus : Fervidicoccus Perevalova, Bidzhieva, Kublanov, Hinrichs, Liu, Kolganova, Lebedinsky and Bonch‐Osmolovskaya 2010, 2086. The description is as for the family Fervidicoccaceae . Taxonomic and Nomenclature Notes According to the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN), the taxonomic status of the order Fervidicoccales is: correct name (last update, February 2025) * . LPSN classification: Archaea / Thermoproteati / Thermoproteota / Thermoprotei / Fervidicoccales The order Fervidicoccales can also be recovered in the Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) as o__Sulfolobales (version v220) ** . GTDB classification: d__Archaea / p__Thermoproteota / c__Thermoprotei_A / o__Sulfolobales * Meier‐Kolthoff et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D801 – D807 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab902 ** Parks et al. ( 2022 ). Nucleic Acids Res , 50 , D785 – D794 ; DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab776
Development of a Prototype Instrument for Stand-Off Elemental Analysis for Use on a Mars Rover (1999)

High-intensity resistance training increases muscle size, but reduces arterial compliance. Muscular blood flow reduction (BFR) during low-intensity training has been shown to elicit muscle hypertrophy. However, the effect on arterial compliance is unknown. We examined the effects of walk training with BFR on carotid arterial compliance and muscle size in the elderly adults. Both BFR-walk training (BFR-W, n = 13, 66 ± 1 year) and control-walk training (CON-W, n = 10, 68 ± 1 year) groups performed 20 minutes treadmill walking at an exercise intensity of 45% of heart rate reserve, 4 days/week for 10 weeks. The BFR-W group wore pressure cuffs on both legs during training. Maximum knee joint strength (∼15%) and MRI-measured thigh muscle cross-sectional area (3%) increased in the BFR-W, but not in the CON-W. Carotid arterial compliance improved in both BFR-W (50%) and CON-W (59%) groups. Walk training with blood flow reduction can improve thigh muscle size/strength as well as carotid arterial compliance, unlike high-intensity training, in the elderly.
Multilevel nonuniform-grid algorithm for electromagnetic scattering problems (2016)

The multilevel nonuniform-grid (MLNG) algorithm, which belongs to the class of "fast" algorithms, is adapted for solving three-dimensional electromagnetic scattering problems. This makes it possible to extend the range of rigorous simulation to significantly higher frequencies and scatterer's sizes than those available for “conventional” methods.
<title>Most-suitable nonuniformity correction method for PtSi SBD detector</title> (1998)

Currently, there are several kinds of infrared imaging system with 2D detector using PtSi, InSb, MCT and any others in the commercial market. The infrared imaging system with 2D detector is generally required to correct non-uniformity of response of each pixel in order to display satisfactory infrared images. This non-uniformity correction is normally performed digitally after an ADC. Furthermore, this operation should be finished within a field time, therefore it must work correspondingly fast. PtSi detector has non- linear Input/Output characteristics because of their spectral response characteristics. Therefore, two point gain/offset correction is not suitable for non-linear characteristics detector. This paper reports on three alternate methods for non-uniformity correction for PtSi detector. These methods are actually tested and then the uniformity performances after these corrections are measured. The standard deviation of the residual fixed pattern noise is used to evaluate the performance of non- uniformity correction.