gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of citrullinated-vimentin-specific CAR for targeting Tregs to treat autoimmune rheumatoid arthritis. (2016)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most common chronic autoimmune diseases with a frequency of 0.5–1.0% in the adult population of developed countries. RA is characterized by an aberrant inflammation of the synovial membrane that causes irreversible joint and bone damages. It has been previously described that regulatory T cells (Tregs) were defective in RA patients and that whereas Treg depletion increased the severity of the disease, Treg transfer efficiently reversed this effect in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model, an animal model of RA. These studies strongly suggest that Treg therapy may be able to treat RA patients by inducing a long-term restoration of appropriate tolerance. Moreover, adding Ag-specificity to the expanded Tregs may promote their migration to the site of the abnormal inflammation and enhance their function. The aim of our study has been to engineer and expand chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing Tregs specifically targeting an antigen present in the joint of RA patients to induce a localized and effective immunosuppressive response. We developed a CAR directed against citrullinated vimentin (CV), a posttranslational modified intermediate filament protein known to be exclusively located in the extracellular matrix of the synovial tissue in 50% of the RA patients. We are currently working on transducing the CV-specific CAR into Tregs to then study the functional activity of these cells in vitro. We are also developing an in vivo protocol to assess the therapeutic efficacy of the CAR Treg transfer in CIA model. In conclusion, our project aiming to combine Treg therapy and CAR technology may lead to the development on a promising therapeutic tool to cure RA and potentially other autoimmune disorders.
Single grating period quantum cascade laser array with broad wavelength tuning range (2008)

A distributed feedback quantum cascade laser array emitting at λ∼10 µm is reported. Utilising a ridge width dependence on emission wavelength, the array of laser ridges exhibited a tuning range in excess of 230 nm over the temperature range of 140 to 380 K. Singlemode operation with sidemode suppression ratios of ≥25 dB and a combined tuning coefficient of −0.1 cm−1 K−1 are demonstrated.
Tolerability of N-chlorotaurine in the bovine mammary gland (2008)

N-Chlorotaurine (NCT) is a promising endogenous agent for topical treatment of infections. We tested the tolerability and pharmakokinetics of NCT in the bovine mammary glands in a phase 1 study. Three concentrations of NCT in water (0.1%, 1.0%, 2.0%) were administered intramammarily in each of two cows. Into two quarters of the udder 100 ml NCT was injected into each twice daily for 5 d, while 0.9% NaCl was injected into the other two quarters in a randomized and blinded manner. Samples of milk were taken to determine the number of leucocytes and the activity of NCT, and samples of urine and blood to determine the taurine and chloride concentration. Chloride concentrations in serum samples were determined by an ISE-Unit of a Modular-System of the Roche Diagnostics company. The udder was monitored clinically for signs of inflammation. Oxidative activity could be detected in the milk after single irrigations for 15 min (0.1% NCT) and for maximally 5 h (1% and 2% NCT), respectively. On day 2, leucocytes increased to 4 x 10(6)/ml in the NCT group, while they remained 1 x 10(6)/ml in the saline group. However, on days 3-5 they increased to (5-7) x 10(6) in both the NCT and control group without any statistical difference. One day after the end of dosing the number decreased significantly and reached the baseline (<1 x 10(6)/ml) on day 10. The decrease was similar in both groups. Except for sporadic slight induration of single quarters in both groups and slight reduction of milk performance no disorders occurred. Taurine levels in blood and urine did not change. Irrigation of the bovine mammary gland with both NCT and saline caused a transient increase of leucocytes in the milk, but no severe side effects. The absence of residues and decay products may be a great advantage of NCT over other antimicrobial agents.
Continuous-relief fan-out elements with optimized fabrication tolerances (1995)

The design of kinoform fan-out elements with high efficiency and reduced sensitivity to vertical profile scaling errors is presented. We start from a high-efficiency continuous-phase fan-out solution and optimize the position of the 0-2π transitions in the phase function, in order to achieve a high fabrication-error tolerance. The sensitivity of Fourier-transform and focusing fan-out elements to vertical etch-depth errors is analyzed. The limitations for the fabrication of such structures by laserbeam writing are discussed. In particular, the influence of the finite writing-spot diameter on the fan-out performance is investigated. Design rules for fan-out elements, which consider fabrication constraints, are derived. Experimental results are presented for cylindrical focusing fanout elements with small uniformity error (2%) and weak profile scaling dependence.
Transformation approach from KAOS goal models to BPMN models using refinement patterns (2014)

It is important to make sure that software satisfies stakeholders' requirements. However, as software has been getting more large-scale and complicated in recent years, it has certainly become more difficult to satisfy requirements. Even if there are goal-oriented requirements analysis approaches as techniques to systematically satisfy stakeholders' requirements, it is still difficult to maintain consistency of goal models and other requirements artifacts. In this paper, we propose a transformation approach that transforms models of KAOS, a well-known goal modeling methodology, into preliminary BPMN models by using refinement pattern of KAOS in a systematic way. It can assure consistency between systematically defined user's requirements and their realization process.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Nematic 4-Alkenyloxy- and 4-Alkenoyloxy-4′-Cyanobiphenyls (1999)

Abstract There is a direct correlation between the physical properties of a nematic mixture utilised in TN- and STN-LCDs and display optical performance. Since it is known that the presence of a carbon-carbon double bond in nematic liquid crystals can influence some physical properties of nematics advantageously[1–2], we have introduced a carbon-carbon double bond into the terminal chain of a variety of laterally and terminally substituted biphenyl derivatives. The position and configuration of the double bond has been varied systematically and the optimal combination for nematic phase formation and low melting point identified. Homologous series of 4-(E)-alk-2-enyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyls (ethers) and 4-(E)-alk-2-enyloyloxy-4′-cyanobiphenyls (esters) have been synthesised. The esters exhibit higher nematic-to-isotropic transition temperatures and wider temperature ranges of the nematic phase than the corresponding ethers. Some initial correlations have been established between the transition temperatures, viscosity, elastic constants, dipole moments, birefringence, etc. and molecular structure.
Squint-Free Fourier-Optical RF Beamforming Using a SHB Crystal as an Imaging Detector (2008)

We describe and demonstrate a Fourier-optical beamformer that modulates RF energy from an antenna array onto a corresponding array of coherent optical beams and forms RF-frequency-scaled (or beam-squinted), far-field images through a single-lens optical Fourier transform. The squinted image is formed into a cryogenically cooled spectral hole burning (SHB) crystal, where it writes spatially-localized spectral images as holes in the crystal's spatial-spectral absorption profile. The spectral-hole images at each resolvable spectral bin (10 MHz at 4.2 K) integrate during the population lifetime ( 1 ms) for frequencies within the inhomogeneous crystal bandwidth ( 20 GHz). A chirped laser diffracts from the holes, producing a sequence of spectrally resolved RF images. The diffracted light passes through a swept-zoom lens synchronized to the chirped laser readout. This zoom lens compensates for beam squint during readout and forms the squint-free images onto a charge-coupled device (CCD), where they are coherently detected. We demonstrate experimental squinted images from a 5 element array across a 350 MHz bandwidth that are recorded into and read from a Er:Eu:YSiO SHB crystal before a digital zoom compensates for beam squint. This system can be scaled up to form images from 2-D arrays with 1000s of elements across 20 GHz bandwidths.
Arthroscopic Hip Revision Surgery for Residual FAI: Surgical Outcomes (SS‐35) (2013)

There is a steep surgical learning curve when managing femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and residual FAI can lead to continued pain and disability. Due to the very limited data that is currently available, the purpose of this study was to report outcomes after revision arthroscopy for residual FAI.
Optimal power allocation and doppler compensation in cooperative underwater networks using OFDM (2009)

We consider a Decode-and-Forward and Amplify-and-Forward cooperative diversity network where a source communicates with a destination with the help of multiple relays. Relay selection among the set of multiple relays has been proposed as a diversity achieving communication protocol in wireless radio networks. The application of cooperative communication protocols to underwater networks using OFDM is considered and a lower bound on the data detection error at the destination is derived using the Hammersley Chapman Robbins Bound. This lower bound is optimized to jointly determine the optimal power allocation for the relay nodes and Doppler compensation factor at the destination. Numerical results suggest that while relay selection and subsequent Doppler compensation is optimal in most cases, jointly optimizing the power allocation to the relays and the Doppler compensation factor at the destination is the best strategy when several relays have links of comparable strength to the destination.
Efficient Synergistic Single-Cell Genome Assembly (2016)

As the vast majority of all microbes are unculturable, single-cell sequencing has become a significant method to gain insight into microbial physiology. Single-cell sequencing methods, currently powered by multiple displacement genome amplification (MDA), have passed important milestones such as finishing and closing the genome of a prokaryote. However, the quality and reliability of genome assemblies from single cells are still unsatisfactory due to uneven coverage depth and the absence of scattered chunks of the genome in the final collection of reads caused by MDA bias. In this work, our new algorithm Hybrid De novo Assembler (HyDA) demonstrates the power of coassembly of multiple single-cell genomic data sets through significant improvement of the assembly quality in terms of predicted functional elements and length statistics. Coassemblies contain significantly more base pairs and protein coding genes, cover more subsystems, and consist of longer contigs compared to individual assemblies by the same algorithm as well as state-of-the-art single-cell assemblers SPAdes and IDBA-UD. Hybrid De novo Assembler (HyDA) is also able to avoid chimeric assemblies by detecting and separating shared and exclusive pieces of sequence for input data sets. By replacing one deep single-cell sequencing experiment with a few single-cell sequencing experiments of lower depth, the coassembly method can hedge against the risk of failure and loss of the sample, without significantly increasing sequencing cost. Application of the single-cell coassembler HyDA to the study of three uncultured members of an alkane-degrading methanogenic community validated the usefulness of the coassembly concept. HyDA is open source and publicly available at http://chitsazlab.org/software.html, and the raw reads are available at http://chitsazlab.org/research.html.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective C‐C and C‐H Bond Formation Mediated or Catalyzed by Chiral Ethylenebis(tetrahydroindenyl) Complexes of Titanium and Zirconium (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Specificity in Molecular Design:  A Physical Framework for Probing the Determinants of Binding Specificity and Promiscuity in a Biological Environment (2007)

Binding specificity is an important consideration in drug design. An effective drug molecule often must bind with high specificity to its intended target in the body; lower specificity implies the possibility of significant binding to unintended partners, which could instigate deleterious side effects. However, if the target is a rapidly mutating agent, a drug that is too specific will quickly lose its efficacy by not binding well to functional mutants. Therefore, in molecular design, it is crucial to tailor the binding specificity of a drug to the problem at hand. In practice, specificity is often studied on a case-by-case basis, and it is difficult to create general understanding of the determinants of specificity from the union of such available cases. In this work, we undertook a comprehensive, general study of molecular binding with emphasis on understanding the determinants of specificity from a physical standpoint. By extending a theoretical framework grounded in continuum electrostatics and creating an abstracted lattice model that captures key physical aspects of binding interactions, we systematically explored the relationship between a molecule's physical characteristics and its binding specificity toward potential partners. The theory and simulated binding interactions suggested that charged molecules are more specific binders than their hydrophobic counterparts for several reasons. First, the biological spectrum of possible binding characteristics includes more partners that bind equally well to hydrophobic ligands than to charged ligands. Also, charged ligands, whose electrostatic potentials have strong orientational dependence, are more sensitive to shape complementarity than their hydrophobic counterparts. Ligand conformational and orientational flexibility can further influence a charged molecule's ability to bind specifically. Interestingly, we found that conformational flexibility can increase the specificity of polar and charged ligands, by allowing them to greatly lower the binding free energy to a select few partners relative to others. Additionally, factors such as a molecule's size and the ionic strength of the solution were found to predictably affect binding specificity. Taken together, these results, all of which stem from a unified theoretical framework, provide valuable physical insight into the general determinants of binding specificity and promiscuity in a biological environment. The general principles discussed here could prove useful in the design of molecules with tailored specificities, leading to more effective therapeutics.
Mechanical properties of structural nanocrystalline materials – experimental observations (2007)

In this chapter we will describe and discuss the experimental evidence for the mechanical behavior of nanocrystalline materials. This will include pure metals, alloys, intermetallic compounds, ceramics, and multiphase materials. The range of mechanical properties for which measurements have been made will be covered. While the models and theoretical explanations for the various phenomena believed responsible for mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials will be emphasized in Chapter 5, some discussion of deformation mechanisms must necessarily accompany the description of experimental results.
Percutaneous delivery of the gax gene inhibits vessel stenosis in a rabbit model of balloon angioplasty (1997)

Percutaneous adenovirus delivery of the gax gene to rabbit iliac arteries following endothelial denudation and vessel wall injury reduces neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis, but does not affect endothelium-dependent vasomotion. This study demonstrates that a VSMC transcription factor can potentially be utilized for the development of a molecular therapy for vascular disorders.
Photoluminescence and scintillation properties of Yb2+-doped SrCl2−x Br x (x = 0, 1.6, 2.0) crystals (2020)

Photoluminescence (PL) and scintillation properties are reported for SrCl2−xBrx:Yb2+ (x = 0, 1.6, 2.0) crystals grown by a self-seeding solidification method. Two emission peaks centered at approximately (380–390) nm and (410–420) nm were observed in PL and scintillation spectra and are attributed to spin-allowed and spin-forbidden Yb2+ 5d–4f transitions, respectively. SrCl0.4Br1.6:Yb2+ showed the highest light yield of 71 000 photons MeV−1 with a scintillation decay time constant of 490 ns. The developed SrCl0.4Br1.6:Yb2+ materials have the potential to replace conventional SrI2:Eu2+ scintillators used in pulse counting mode detectors owing to their high light yields and low deliquescence.
Modifying theHodgkin-Huxley ModelforHigh Frequency AC Stimulation (2007)

Prior studies haveshownthatareversible nerve conduction block canbeinduced byapplying ahighfrequency alternating current (HFAC)electrical stimulus atfrequencies aboveapproximately 3kHz. The potential clinical and electrophysiological applications ofthis technique haveledtoa series of modelingstudies analyzing thephysiological mechanism thatgenerates aHFACconduction block; however, manyofthese studies havebeenbasedonaxonmodels thatare perhaps notvalid forHFAC electrical stimulation. We show thattheHodgkin-Huxley modeldoesnotaccurately predict trends observed inHFAC conduction blockexperiments on unmyelinated nervefibers overafrequency rangefrom3kHz to50kHz.Further, modifying theHodgkin-Huxley modelto incorporate a frequency-dependent membranecapacitance results inasignificant change inthehighfrequency response of themodelwhile still preserving thestandard characteristics of action potential propagation. I.INTRODUCTION Animal experiments haveshownthat theapplication ofa highfrequency alternating current (HFAC)electrical stimulus iscapable ofproducing a fully reversible conduction block inmyelinated andunmyelinated axons(1- 4).Theability totemporarily blockthepropagation of action potentials alongan axonhasmanypotential applications in both clinicalsettingsand electrophysiological studies; however, thephysiological mechanism ofHFAC conduction blockisstill notwell understood. Several modeling studies havebeenconducted thatpropose various mechanisms ofHFAC conduction block (2,5-8), butmanyofthese studies havebeenbased on axonmodels that havenotbeenextensively tested withhigh frequency signals. Duetothefact that itisunknownhow wellthese existing axonmodels correlate tophysical axon behavior athighfrequencies, itispossible thatsignificant discrepancies mightexist between simulation results and experimental measurements.
Optical liquid crystal TV and hologram-based position-coded multiple-valued logic and arithmetic operations (1988)

Truth-table look-up processing methods have been effectively used in the implementation of parallel optical digital computation. A new optical implementation of multiple-valued logic operations that employs an optical holographic look-up table addressed by a pair of position-coded liquid crystal TVs is proposed. Realizations of optical modified signed digit post as well as residue logic and arithmetic processing elements are presented. Experimental results are included.
Using Metal Hydride to Store Hydrogen (2003)

Hydrogen is the lightest element. At ambient conditions on a volume basis it stores the least amount of energy compared to other fuel carriers such as natural gas and gasoline. For hydrogen to become a practical fuel carrier, a way must be found to increase its volumetric energy density to a practical level. Present techniques being developed include compressed gas, cryogenic liquid and absorbed solid. Each of these techniques has its advantages and disadvantages. And none of them appears to be satisfactory for use in a hydrogen economy. In the interim all of them are used for demonstration purposes. Metal hydrides store hydrogen in a solid form under moderate temperature and pressure that gives them a safety advantage. They require the least amount of energy to operate. Their stored hydrogen density is nearing that of liquid hydrogen. But they are heavy and the weight is their main disadvantage. Current usable metal hydrides can hold no more than about 1.8 percent hydrogen by weight. However much effort is underway to find lighter materials. These include other solid materials other than the traditional metal hydrides. Their operation is expected to be similar to that of metal hydride and can use the technology developed for metal hydrides.
Acromion morphology and bone mineral density distribution suggest favorable fixation points for anatomic acromioclavicular reconstruction (2017)

To anatomically reproduce the insertions of the AC ligaments at the acromion, either bone tunnels or anchors are needed. Therefore, several techniques have been developed. This study provides the anatomical data for these techniques and confirms the reconstructive approach of techniques using anatomical points of fixation and orientation.
Variable rate, multi-format receiver design for 10 to 40 Gb/s DPSK and OOK formats (2008)

We demonstrate a continuously-variable bit-rate receiver from 10 to 40 Gbit/s for DPSK demodulation. Unlike previous DPSK demodulators, this receiver is also capable of passing intensity modulated waveforms without distortion. Degradations imposed by receiver imperfections are presented and compared with a traditional DPSK delay-line interferometer.
USING PATHWAY LOGIC TO INTEGRATE SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND GENE EXPRESSION DATA (2006)

This poster presents first steps towards using symbolic models of signaling pathways in combination with statistical methods to analyze gene expression data. As a case study, data from 51 breast cancer cell lines is used. 1.
Infrared on-orbit RCC inspection system (IORIS) (2005)

Designed to fulfill a critical inspection need for the Space Shuttle Program, the Infrared On-orbit RCC Inspection System (IORIS) can detect crack and surface defects in the Reinforced Carbon-Carbon (RCC) sections of the Space Shuttle’s Thermal Protection System (TPS). IORIS performs this detection by taking advantage of the natural thermal gradients induced in the RCC by solar flux and thermal emission from the Earth. IORIS is a compact, low-mass, low-power solution (1.2cm3, 1.5kg, 5.0W) for TPS inspection that exceeds existing requirements for feature detection. Taking advantage of ground-based IR thermography techniques, IORIS provides the Space Shuttle program with a solution that can be accommodated by the existing inspection system. IORIS augments the visible and laser inspection systems and finds cracks that are not easily measurable by the other sensors, and thus fills a critical gap in the Space Shuttle’s inspection needs. Based on crack IR signature predictions and on-orbit gradient expectations, IORIS can achieve crack detection over approximately 96% of the wing-leading edge RCC (using multiple inspections in an orbit period). This paper discusses the on-orbit RCC inspection measurement concept and requirements, and then presents a detailed description of the IORIS design.