gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correction of cAMP-Stimulated Fluid Secretion in Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelia: Efficiency of Adenovirus-Mediated Gene Transfer In Vitro (1994)

Adenovirus vectors are a promising vehicle to deliver cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cDNA to airway epithelia. However, the value of adenovirus vectors will depend on the efficiency with which the vector can correct the defective fluid transport that is though to underlie the pathogenesis of the disease. To address the efficiency of gene transfer, we applied adenovirus vectors expressing CFTR (Ad2/CFTR-1) or beta-galactosidase to the mucosal surface of primary cultures of airway epithelial cells grown as polarized epithelial monolayers on permeable filter supports. These conditions provide a model that reproduces the physiology of the airways in vivo. We found that after adding 1 moi Ad2/CFTR-1 to the mucosal surface, cAMP agonists stimulated fluid secretion that was within the range observed in epithelia from normal subjects. When we measured electrolyte transport, we found that as little as 0.1 moi partially restored cAMP-stimulated Cl- secretion, and at 10 moi Cl- secretion was in the normal range. A related vector encoding beta-galactosidase generated activity in approximately 20% of cells at an moi of 1 and 90% of cells at an moi of 10. These data suggest that Ad2/CFTR-1 is very efficient at restoring normal fluid and electrolyte transport to CF airway epithelia. Thus, they suggest that relatively low input doses could be used for gene transfer to CF airway epithelia.
Method for making devices having intermetallic structures and intermetallic devices made thereby (2004)

A method and system for making a monolithic intermetallic structure are presented. The structure is made from lamina blanks which comprise multiple layers of metals which are patternable, or intermetallic lamina blanks that are patternable. Lamina blanks are patterned, stacked and registered, and processed to form a monolithic intermetallic structure. The advantages of a patterned monolithic intermetallic structure include physical characteristics such as melting temperature, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance. Applications are broad, and include among others, use as a microreactor, heat recycling device, and apparatus for producing superheated steam. Monolithic intermetallic structures may contain one or more catalysts within the internal features.
An easily-configurable robot audition system using Histogram-based Recursive Level Estimation (2010)

This paper presents an easily-configurable robot audition system using the Histogram-based Recursive Level Estimation (HRLE) method. In order to achieve natural human-robot interaction, a robot should recognize human speeches even if there are some noises and reverberations. Since the precision of automatic speech recognizers (ASR) have been degraded by such interference, many systems applying speech enhancement processes have been reported. However, performance of most reported systems suffer from acoustical environmental changes. For example, an enhancement process optimized for steady-state noise, such as fan noise, yields low performance when the process is used for non-steady-state noises, such as background music. The primary reason is mismatches of parameters because the appropriate parameters change according to the acoustical environments. To solve this problem, we propose a robot audition system that optimizes parameters adaptively and automatically. Our system applies and non-linear enhancement sub-processes. For the linear sub-process, we used Geometric Source Separation with the Adaptive Step-size method (GSS-AS). This adjusts the parameters adaptively and does not have any manual parameters. For the non-linear sub-process, we applied a spectral subtraction-based enhancement method with the HRLE method that is newly introduced in this paper. Since HRLE controls the threshold level parameter implicitly based on the statistical characteristics of noise and speech levels, our system has high robustness against acoustical environmental changes. For robot audition systems, all processes should be performed in real-time. We also propose implementation techniques to make HRLE run in real-time and show the effectiveness. We evaluate performance of our system and compare it to conventional systems based on the Minima Controlled Recursive Average (MCRA) method and Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) method. The experimental results show that our system achieves better performance than the conventional systems.
Regulatory T-Cells: Immunomodulators in Health and Disease (2006)

Regulation of immune responses is crucial in order to maintain immunological self-tolerance. This is maintained in the periphery by a number of cell types that have the capacity to control and regulate immune responses, thus preventing reactivity to self while monitoring appropriate, non-exuberant responses to non-self-antigens. The various mechanisms of regulation will be discussed in this review together with how this knowledge could be used to develop better drugs and treatments for various diseases.
Polysilicon hollow beam lateral resonators (2002)

The first microfabrication of hollow polysilicon beams is reported. Arrays of lateral resonators are designed, processed, and tested with resonant frequencies from 8 kHz to 0.5 MHz. The quality factor as a function of pressure of the hollow beam resonators is compared with solid beam resonators, and values as high as 34000 are obtained in vacuum. The hollow beam resonators are verified with theory and compared to resonators with solid cross sections.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Proteinase‐catalyzed conversion of a substance P‐precursor peptide (1992)

The protease-catalyzed conversion of peptides and proteins produced by recombinant DNA technology is a promising method for large-scale production of peptides including those with non-proteinogenic structural elements. As a model system we have investigated the proteinase-catalyzed modification of a chemically synthesized substance P-precursor. In the precursor peptide the residues of substance P(1-8) were flanked by tripeptide linkers on both sides. In the first step the C-terminal tripeptide amide was replaced by the authentic C-terminal tripeptide amide of substance P via alpha-chymotrypsin-catalyzed transpeptidation. The enzyme simultaneously attacks two peptide bonds in the precursor molecule leading to the formation of several side-products. The desired peptide was obtained with 25% yield. In the second step the other tripeptide linker was selectively and almost quantitatively removed from the N-terminus of the precursor via trypsin-catalyzed hydrolysis. This study demonstrates that substance P can be obtained from an engineered protein by proteinase-catalyzed processing.
Large Matrix Array Aperture for 3D Vascular Imaging Capture (2022)

Three-dimensional ultrasound has initially been used to address volumetric imaging for diagnostic purposes and represents the leading-edge technological orientation in both transducer and IC (integrated circuit) architecture and design. However, new applications are coming up like biomarker measurements, preoperative navigation, real time surgery guidance or therapeutic procedures where 3D ultrasound modalities are key but their design objectives may need to be thought outside 3D echocardiography and radiology technological trade-offs. For those new applications, system architectures would need less complexity and imaging performances enabling easier hardware reconfigurability tailored to application-oriented imaging. This paper presents an ongoing development where a large matrix transducer has been assembled with multiple ASIC dies in a reconfigurable way. The transducer has a central frequency of 8MHz, a square pitch of 150µm× 150µm capable to fully image the upper carotid window thanks to a large aperture of 80×240 elements, resulting in a transducer active footprint of 12×36 square millimeters.
Generation and Evaluation of Monodisperse Sodium Chloride and Oleic Acid Nanoparticles (2006)

Nanomaterial application has been recognized as a most important future development for nanomaterial production industries. However, harmful toxic pollutants, especially nanoparticles, could also be produced in the process. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate control technologies by generating monodisperse nanoparticles for experimental purposes. In this research project, atomization and vaporization-condensation technologies were applied to generate solid (NaCl) and liquid (oleic acid) polydisperse particles. A differential mobility analyzer (DMA) was utilized to segregate and produce test nanoparticles. In the generation of polydisperse particles, the geometric standard deviation (GSD) and total number concentration (NC) of NaCl particles segregated from various NaCl(aq) concentration were 1.59−1.89 and 8.47 × 105 − 4.2 × 106 #/cm3. Results show that as NaCl(aq) concentration increases, GSD also increase. However, there is a logarithm relation (y = 2 × 106 Ln(x) + 2 × 106) between NaCl(aq) concentration and NC. For polydisperse oleic acid particles, GSDs and NC of particles segregated from various furnace temperatures are 1.43−1.65 and 7.12 × 105 − 5.35 × 106 #/cm3, respectively. GSDs and NC of oleic acid particles generated from various carrier gas flow are 1.41−1.63 and 7.31×106 − 9.42 × 106 #/cm3, respectively. Furnace temperature and NC are a logarithm relation. Carrier gas flow and NC is a polynomial function. GSD varies as furnace temperature and carrier gas flow increase. Monodisperse nanoparticles were successfully generated from the atomization of 0.5% NaCl(aq) and oleic acid. The GSD, count median diameter (CMD), and total number concentration (NC) NaCl particles segregated from various DMA voltages were 1.04 − 1.08 and 8.33 nm − 128 nm, and 9.89 × 102 − 2.67 × 105 #/cm3, respectively. The GSD, CMD, and total NC of monodisperse oleic acid particles produced from various DMA voltages were 1.04 − 1.06, 8.9 nm − 92.5 nm, and 2.4 × 104 − 7.6 × 105 #/cm3, respectively.
A new image calibration system in digital colposcopy (2006)

Colposcopy is a primary diagnostic method used to detect cancer and precancerous lesions of the uterine cervix. During the examination, the metaplastic and abnormal tissues exhibit different degrees of whiteness (acetowhitening effect) after applying a 3%-5% acetic acid solution. Colposcopists evaluate the color and density of the acetowhite tissue to assess the severity of lesions for the purpose of diagnosis, telemedicine, and annotation. However, the color and illumination of the colposcopic images vary with the light sources, the instruments and camera settings, as well as the clinical environments. This makes assessment of the color information very challenging even for an expert. In terms of developing a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system for colposcopy, these variations affect the performance of the feature extraction algorithm for the acetowhite color. Non-uniform illumination from the light source is also an obstacle for detecting acetowhite regions, lesion margins, and anatomic features. There fore, in digital colposcopy, it is critical to map the color appearance of the images taken with different colposcopes into one standard color space with normalized illumination. This paper presents a novel image calibration technique for colposcopic images. First, a specially designed calibration unit is mounted on the colposcope to acquire daily calibration data prior to performing subject examinations. The calibration routine is fast, automated, accurate and reliable. We then use our illumination correction algorithm and a color calibration algorithm to calibrate the exam data. In this paper we describe these techniques and demonstrate their applications in clinical studies.
Androgen Influence on Cholesterogenic Enzyme mRNA Levels in the Mouse Meibomian Gland (2007)

Our findings indicate that androgens may promote cholesterol biosynthesis in the meibomian gland.
Formation of HERV-K and HERV-Fc1 Envelope Family Members is Suppressed on Transcriptional and Translational Level (2020)

The human genome comprises 8% sequences of retroviral origin, so-called human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs). Most of these proviral sequences are defective, but some possess open reading frames. They can lead to the formation of viral transcripts, when activated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. HERVs are thought to play a pathological role in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Since the consequences of activated proviral sequences in the human body are largely unexplored, selected envelope proteins of human endogenous retroviruses associated with inflammatory diseases, namely HERV-K18, HERV-K113, and HERV-Fc1, were investigated in the present study. A formation of glycosylated envelope proteins was demonstrated in different mammalian cell lines. Nevertheless, protein maturation seemed to be incomplete as no transport to the plasma membrane was observed. Instead, the proteins remained in the ER where they induced the expression of genes involved in unfolded protein response, such as <i>HSPA5</i> and <i>sXBP1</i>. Furthermore, low expression levels of native envelope proteins were increased by codon optimization. Cell-free expression systems showed that both the transcriptional and translational level is affected. By generating different codon-optimized variants of HERV-K113 envelope, the influence of single rare t-RNA pools in certain cell lines was demonstrated. The mRNA secondary structure also appears to play an important role in the translation of the tested viral envelope proteins. In summary, the formation of certain HERV proteins is basically possible. However, their complete maturation and thus full biologic activity seems to depend on additional factors that might be disease-specific and await elucidation in the future.
Badiou's Deleuze (2012)

Jon Roffe, Durham, Acumen Publishing, 2011, 240 pages, £18.99, 978 18,44655,090 Jon Roffe's book, Badiou's Deleuze, is a study narrowly focussed on examining Badiou's book Deleuze: the clamour of b...
An efficient velocity–space model of carrier transport in Gallium Arsenide (1991)

Abstract A new GaAs carrier transport modelling methodology is presented, designed to address the competing needs of microscopic detail and of computational efficiency. The rationale for advanced semiclassical models based on the Boltzmann transport equation (BTE) are reviewed and discussed in terms of the unique properties of GaAs. A new methodology is then presented, formulated around a one‐dimensional velocity–space variable. It includes a realistic description of the GaAs band structure including multiple valleys, non‐parabolicity, and anisotropy, which is used to explicitly evaluate the scattering distributions, and rates, for different scattering mechanisms. These in turn allow a direct evaluation of the BTE scattering inegral, which is solved iteratively with the non‐scattering terms. Based on this methodology, a prototype model is shown to reproduce the GaAs velocity–field relationship in homogeneous, undoped material. Band structure and forward‐scattering effects are clearly visible in the model's solutions for the carrier velocity distribution. The model's computational simplicity, combined with a finer level of detail, makes it suitable for device simulation without invoking Monte Carlo or other computationally intensive methods.
Acid size effect of chemically amplified negative resist on lithographic performance (1994)

The chemically amplified negative resist, composed of polyvinylphenol derivative as a base resin, melamine derivative as a crosslinker and alkyl sulfonic acid derivative which has several number of carbon atoms (n equals 3, 4 and 8) as a photoacid generator PAG, has been investigated. The absorbance of this resist system remains constant even in the introduction of different alkyl sulfonic acid type PAG materials. The resolution, as well as the depth of focus, was not so different from each other within the carbon number from n equals 3 (n- and iso-propyl) to n equals 4 (n-butyl). In the case of n equals 8 (n-octyl), however, the resolution capability was degraded drastically and the depth of focus was also reduced. Furthermore, the carbon number of alkyl sulfonic acid affected the resist profile, that is, rounded profile (n equals 3) became rectangular (n equals 4) or overhang (n equals 8) profile. Especially, very heavy overhang profile was observed in the case of n equals 8, therefore, good resolution could not be achieved. And, the standing wave effect at the side wall increased with increasing carbon number. Relationship between lithographic performance and acid size was investigated by evaluating the dissolution rate characteristics. The fact that the dissolution kinetics were almost the same in the cases of n equals 3 and n equals 4 but degraded in the n equals 8, was consistent with lithographic performance as mentioned above. Based on these results, the most suitable acid size for this chemically amplified negative resist could be determined.
Administration of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor to humans stimulates the production of functional platelets that show no evidence of in vivo activation (1996)

This report describes the effect of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF) on platelet production and platelet function in humans. Subjects with advanced solid tumors received PEG-rHuMGDF daily for up to 10 days. There was no increase in circulating platelet count at doses of 0.03 or 0.1 microgram/kg/d by day 12 of study. At doses of 0.3 and 1.0 microgram/kg/d there was a threefold median increase (maximum 10-fold) in platelet count by day 16. The platelets produced in vivo in response to PEG-rHuMGDF showed unchanged aggregation and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-release responses in in vitro assays. Tests included aggregation and release of ATP in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) (10, 5, 2.5, and 1.25 mumol/L), collagen (2 micrograms/mL), thrombin-receptor agonist peptide (TRAP, 10 mumol/L) and ristocetin (1.5 mg/mL). Administration of aspirin to an individual with platelet count of 1,771 x 10(3)/L resulted in the typical aspirin-induced ablation of the normal aggregation and ATP-release response to stimulation with arachidonic acid (0.5 mg/mL), collagen, and ADP (2.5 and 1.25 mumol/L). There was no change in the expression of the platelet-surface activation marker CD62P (P-selectin) nor induction of the fibrinogen binding site on glycoprotein IIb/IIIa as reported by the monoclonal antibody, D3GP3. An elevation of reticulated platelets was evident after 3 days of treatment with PEG-rHuMGDF and preceded the increase in circulating platelet count by 5 to 8 days; this reflected the production of new platelets in response to PEG-rHuMGDF. At later time points, the mean platelet volume (MPV) decreased in a manner inversely proportional to the platelet count. Levels of plasma glycocalicin, a measure of platelet turnover, rose 3 days after the initial increase in the peripheral platelet count. The level of plasma glycocalicin was proportional to the total platelet mass, suggesting that platelets generated in response to PEG-rHuMGDF were not more actively destroyed. Thus, the administration of PEG-rHuMGDF, to humans, increased the circulating platelet count and resulted in fully functional platelets, which showed no detectable increase in reactivity nor alteration in activation status.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure (2S,1′S,2′S,3′R)‐ Phenylcarboxycyclopropylglycine (PCCG‐4): A Potent and Selective Ligand at Group II Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
P‐23: A Subjective Method for Evaluating Foveated Image Quality in HMDs (2020)

Analyzing the perceptual image quality rendered on a head‐mounted display (HMD) is of primary importance to provide a flawless visual quality to VR headset users. In this paper, we propose a new subjective testing method to evaluate the quality of foveated images in HMDs. The images we use are coded by progressively increasing the compression ratio from the fixation point to the periphery. Our method is based on a standardized flickering paradigm which temporally interleaves the original and reconstructed images to make the differences more prominent. Results indicate that observers can identify more visual impairments near the fixation point than in periphery. This new subjective testing approach is, therefore, effective in assessing barely visible image artifacts of foveated imaging in HMDs.
The association of non-suicidal self-injurious and suicidal behaviors with religiosity in hospitalized Jewish adolescents (2020)

Religiosity may be a potent protective factor against self-injurious and suicidal behaviors. However, no previous study has addressed this relationship in adolescent psychiatric population. This study aimed to examine the association between religiosity and non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) and suicidal behaviors, among hospitalized Jewish adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study of 60 hospitalized Jewish adolescents in two mental health centers. They were evaluated for religiosity, NSSI, and suicidal behaviors. The following religiosity measures were found to be protective against NSSI: a higher degree of adherence to religious practices (extrinsic measure) (beta = -0.083, <i>p</i> = .006), a higher level of belief in religious principles (intrinsic measure) (beta = -0.063, <i>p</i> = .008) and a self-reported higher religious affinity (χ<sup>2</sup> = 7.64, <i>p</i> = .022). The severity of suicidal ideation inversely correlated with the extrinsic measure (standardized beta = -0.2, <i>t</i> = -2.5, <i>p</i> = .015) and with self-reported degree of religious affinity (analysis of variance, <i>F</i> = 3.5, <i>p</i> = .035). History of transition in religious affinity was associated with worse suicidal ideation (3.77 ± 1.8 vs. 2.26 ± 1.99, <i>t</i> = -3.25, <i>p</i> = .004) and with suicide attempts (OR = 3.89 (95% CI: 1.08 - 14.03), <i>p</i> = .004); however, these relationships were mediated by history of abuse. This study provides first evidence of a protective effect of some religiosity measures on NSSI and suicidal behaviors in hospitalized Jewish adolescents.