gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From relational verification to SIMD loop synthesis (2013)

Existing pattern-based compiler technology is unable to effectively exploit the full potential of SIMD architectures. We present a new program synthesis based technique for auto-vectorizing performance critical innermost loops. Our synthesis technique is applicable to a wide range of loops, consistently produces performant SIMD code, and generates correctness proofs for the output code. The synthesis technique, which leverages existing work on relational verification methods, is a novel combination of deductive loop restructuring, synthesis condition generation and a new inductive synthesis algorithm for producing loop-free code fragments. The inductive synthesis algorithm wraps an optimized depth-first exploration of code sequences inside a CEGIS loop. Our technique is able to quickly produce SIMD implementations (up to 9 instructions in 0.12 seconds) for a wide range of fundamental looping structures. The resulting SIMD implementations outperform the original loops by 2.0x-3.7x.
Dispersion-Penalty-Free Transmission of a net 13.9-Gb/s 64QAM-OFDM Signal over 100-km SSMF using a 1.55-μm XFP-RF Transmitter with 2.5-GHz RF Bandwidth (2014)

Using a wavelength-tunable transmitter that monolithically integrates DBR laser, semiconductor optical amplifier and Mach-Zehnder modulator, we demonstrate net 13.9-Gb/s 64-QAM-OFDM transmission over 100km SSMF with 28-dB loss budget and no dispersion penalty for Flexible PON.
Real-space imaging ofCaxC60using scanning tunneling microscopy (1992)

Calcium intercalation into single-crystal ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ thin films has been studied with scanning tunneling microscopy. In low concentrations, Ca induces features that exhibit variations in apparent height that are not present for pristine ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$, consistent with differences in local state densities in a solid solution. At higher Ca concentrations, structure is evident due to bonding with Ca in octahedral and tetrahedral sites. A model of the ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{5}$${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ structure is deduced in which octahedral sites of the fcc lattice are occupied by four Ca ions while one of the tetrahedral sites is filled. The other tetrahedral site is filled at higher concentration, but these later-filled sites are arranged in rectangular or triangular lattices so that their distances are maximized.
Titelbild: Diphenylacetylene‐Linked Peptide Strands Induce Bidirectional β‐Sheet Formation (Angew. Chem. 14/2014) (2014)

β-Faltblätter sind wichtige Sekundärstrukturelemente gefalteter Proteine und häufig an therapeutisch bedeutsamen Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungsflächen anzutreffen, so auch in Amyloid-Ablagerungen bei vielen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3724 ff. schildern A. D. Hamilton, S. Thompson et al. eine Strategie für die Modulierung dieser Wechselwirkungen: Mithilfe eines tetrasubstituierten Diphenylacetylens induzieren sie die Bildung von β-Faltblatt-Strukturen in zwei Richtungen (Bild: Dr. Karl Harrison). β-Faltblätter sind wichtige Sekundärstrukturelemente gefalteter Proteine und häufig an therapeutisch bedeutsamen Protein-Protein-Wechselwirkungsflächen anzutreffen, so auch in Amyloid-Ablagerungen bei vielen neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3724 ff. schildern A. D. Hamilton, S. Thompson et al. eine Strategie für die Modulierung dieser Wechselwirkungen: Mithilfe eines tetrasubstituierten Diphenylacetylens induzieren sie die Bildung von β-Faltblatt-Strukturen in zwei Richtungen (Bild: Dr. Karl Harrison). Graphenoxid A. M. Dattelbaum, P. Zelenay et al. beschreiben in der Zuschrift auf S. 3662 ff. die Reaktion von Graphenoxid mit Ozon, die zu einer deutlich verbesserten ionischen (protonischen) Leitfähigkeit führt (Bild: Andrew Sproles).1 Elektrokatalyse In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 3749 ff. berichten W. Xing, Q. F. Li et al. über die Synthese von hohlen Kugeln aus Eisencarbidnanopartikeln mit einer graphitischen Hülle. Die Kugeln zeigen eine exzellente elektrokatalytische Aktivität.1 Ferninfrarotspektroskopie In der Zuschrift auf S. 3737 ff. zeigen M.-P. Gaigeot, A. M. Rijs et al., dass Ferninfrarotspektroskopie und Born-Oppenheimer-Moleküldynamiksimulationen zur Konformationsanalyse von Peptiden verwendet werden können.1
Enthalpy arrays (2004)

We report the fabrication of enthalpy arrays and their use to detect molecular interactions, including protein-ligand binding, enzymatic turnover, and mitochondrial respiration. Enthalpy arrays provide a universal assay methodology with no need for specific assay development such as fluorescent labeling or immobilization of reagents, which can adversely affect the interaction. Microscale technology enables the fabrication of 96-detector enthalpy arrays on large substrates. The reduction in scale results in large decreases in both the sample quantity and the measurement time compared with conventional microcalorimetry. We demonstrate the utility of the enthalpy arrays by showing measurements for two protein-ligand binding interactions (RNase A + cytidine 2'-monophosphate and streptavidin + biotin), phosphorylation of glucose by hexokinase, and respiration of mitochondria in the presence of 2,4-dinitrophenol uncoupler.
Air-Stable Molecular Semiconducting Iodosalts for Solar Cell Applications: Cs2SnI6 as a Hole Conductor (2014)

We introduce a new class of molecular iodosalt compounds for application in next-generation solar cells. Unlike tin-based perovskite compounds CsSnI3 and CH3NH3SnI3, which have Sn in the 2+ oxidation state and must be handled in an inert atmosphere when fabricating solar cells, the Sn in the molecular iodosalt compounds is in the 4+ oxidation state, making them stable in air and moisture. As an example, we demonstrate that, using Cs2SnI6 as a hole transporter, we can successfully fabricate in air a solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) with a mesoporous TiO2 film. Doping Cs2SnI6 with additives helps to reduce the internal device resistance, improving cell efficiency. In this way, a Z907 DSSC delivers 4.7% of energy conversion efficiency. By using a more efficient mixture of porphyrin dyes, an efficiency near 8% with photon confinement has been achieved. This represents a significant step toward the realization of low-cost, stable, lead-free, and environmentally benign next-generation solid-state solar cells.
SAT-342 LONG TERM OUTCOMES OF LOWERING DIALYSATE FLOW (QD) IN A POPULATION OF CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS IN RTS COLOMBIA (2019)

Figure showing most watched videos and most educational content delivered Conclusions: Live stream videos are a new way of disbursing information from conferences. From the stats (a total of 172 videos with 21782 views & 26440 hours of viewership) it is evident that there is a vast audience spanning the world for such nephrology oriented educational material. Live streams through the Periscope app do not require fancy hardware. Phone cameras are sufficient. A wide array of viewers from different parts of the world can tune in to these live telecasts & imbibe nephrology knowledge either real time or later at their will through replay views.
Microbial Fuel Cell-driven caustic potash production from wastewater for carbon sequestration (2016)

This work reports on the novel formation of caustic potash (KOH) directly on the MFC cathode locking carbon dioxide into potassium bicarbonate salt (kalicinite) while producing, instead of consuming electrical power. Using potassium-rich wastewater as a fuel for microorganisms to generate electricity in the anode chamber, has resulted in the formation of caustic catholyte directly on the surface of the cathode electrode. Analysis of this liquid has shown to be highly alkaline (pH>13) and act as a CO2 sorbent. It has been later mineralised to kalicinite thus locking carbon dioxide into potassium bicarbonate salt. This work demonstrates an electricity generation method as a simple, cost-effective and environmentally friendly route towards CO2 sequestration that perhaps leads to a carbon negative economy. Moreover, it shows a potential application for both electricity production and nutrient recovery in the form of minerals from nutrient-rich wastewater streams such as urine for use as fertiliser in the future.
Advanced ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene/antioxidant‐functionalized carbon nanotubes nanocomposites with improved thermo‐oxidative resistance (2015)

ABSTRACT Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) functionalized with hindered phenol moieties are dispersed in ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), and the stabilizing action of the antioxidant (AO) functionalized CNTs (AO‐ f ‐CNTs) is studied through a combination of rheological and spectroscopic (FT‐IR) analyses. The effectiveness of two alternative compounding methods, namely hot compaction (HC) and melt mixing (MM), is compared. The combination of high temperature and mechanical stress experienced during MM brings about noticeable degradation phenomena of the matrix already in the course of the compounding step. Differently, the milder conditions of the HC process preserve the stability of the polymer, making this method preferable when dealing with highly viscous matrices. In addition, HC guarantees a better CNT dispersion, allowing for the maximization of the stabilizing action of the AO grafted on the nanotubes. As a result, the HC samples exhibit improved thermo‐oxidative resistance despite the very low amount of AO grafted onto the CNTs. Besides demonstrating the effectiveness of our AO‐ f ‐CNTs as stabilizers for polymer matrices, our results prove that CNTs can serve as a support on which grafting specific functional molecules to be dispersed in a host polymer matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42420.
Checkpoint kinase 1‐mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C and bad proteins are involved in antitumor effects of loratadine‐induced G2/M phase cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis (2006)

In this study, we first demonstrated that loratadine (LOR), a promising world widely used oral anti-histamine, effectively inhibits growth of tumors derived from human colon cancer cells (COLO 205) in an in vivo setting. In vitro study demonstrated that the anti-tumor effects of LOR in COLO 205 cells were mediated by causing G(2)/M phase cell growth cycle arrest and caspase 9-mediated apoptosis. Cell-cycle arrest induced by LOR (75 microM, 24 h) was associated with a significant decrease in protein levels of cyclin B1, cell division cycle (Cdc) 25B, and Cdc25C, leading to accumulation of Tyr-15-phosphorylated Cdc2 (inactive form). Interestingly, LOR (75 microM, for 4 h) treatment also resulted in a rapid and sustained phosphorylation of Cdc25C at Ser-216, leading to its translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm because of increased binding with 14-3-3. We further demonstrated that the LOR-induced Cdc25C (Ser-216) phosphorylation was blocked in the presence of checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) specific inhibitor (SB-218078). The cells treated with LOR in the presence of Chk1 specific inhibitor (SB-218078) were then released from G(2)/M arrest into apoptosis. These results implied that Chk1-mediated phosphorylation of Cdc25C plays a major role in response to LOR-mediated G(2)/M arrest. Although the Chk1-mediated cell growth arrest in response to DNA damage is well documented, our results presented in this study was the first report to describe the Chk1-mediated G(2)/M cell-cycle arrest by the histamine H1 antagonist, LOR.
A combined experimental and numerical method for computing sound radiation from underwater vibrating structures (1997)

Underwater measurements of the radiated sound power from a vibrating structure are conventionally performed either by direct measurements in a large body of water or by reverberation measurements in a water tank. Both methods have inherent drawbacks. Direct measurements in a large body of water require a large scale operation and are relatively expensive. Reverberation measurements are only accurate at high modal densities, and thus a very large tank is required to obtain accurate low-frequency predictions. To avoid both difficulties, a hybrid approach has been devised. Experimental measurements of the vibrations of the structure are taken in a water tank using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer, where the laser beam is shone onto the submerged structure through an optical quality window. The surface vibration data are then used to derive the specified normal velocity for a numerical calculation of the radiated sound power radiated in free-field conditions. The laser allows dense surface meshes to be defined such that the calculations can be performed to relatively high frequencies. To demonstrate the general accuracy of the calculations, radiation efficiencies are computed for submerged unbaffled plates, and the results are compared to reverberation measurements and to fully numerical predictions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies Towards the Indole Alkaloid Tacamine. Part 2. Total Synthesis of the Indole Alkaloid (.+‐.)‐Tacamine. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Estimation of Club Head Posture during Golf Swing using three-dimensional FEM model (2016)

Golfers expect to hit a golf ball with enough distance for golf clubs, especially in the case of driver. Therefore, golf clubs are designed to satisfy golfers' demands. However, not only volume of head of a golf club but also coefficient of a golf club was restricted. Therefore, golf club developers use a variety of methods to customize clubs to individual golfer. One such technique is “database fitting,” established by Sumitomo Rubber Industries, Ltd. (SRI). In the future, golf club developers would like to provide shafts customized to fit each individual golfer. In order to do so, it is necessary to predict shaft movement during a golf swing via simulation. Previous studies simulating shaft movement during a golf swing demonstrate shaft movement using a finite element method (FEM) model with shaft flexibility and the golfer's grip. As a result, there was a difference of deflection value at impact timing. In order to solve this problem, we considered that the deflection torque generated by the cross product of the shaft deflection. Therefore, we made a simulation model in consideration of the deflection torque. To verify the effectiveness of this model, the shaft movement was measured with a 3D motion capture system (VICON). The sampling frequency was 500 Hz and markers were attached to the shaft. Examinees were one average golfer. We compared simulation and experiment. As a result, we reached conclusion that the model in consideration of the deflection torque can reproduce real golf swing.
The Use of Word N-Grams and Parts of Speech for Hierarchical Cluster Language Modeling (2006)

We present extensions to the work of backoff hierarchical class n-gram language modeling of Zitouni et al. [1] by studying the efficacy of exploring the use of parts of speech (POS) information in hierarchical word clustering. We propose two approaches. One is to use POS n-gram contextual distribution of a target word for clustering. The other is to generate a class tree for each group of words sharing the same POS. The resulting class tree and a set of class trees, from the two approaches, respectively, are then employed in the hierarchical cluster language modeling. We evaluate the two approaches on SRI Arabic conversational telephone speech recognition system and show that the approach of building a set of POS-specific class trees achieves a 3% relative improvement on perplexity compared to the model of Zitouni et al. and a 8% relative improvement on perplexity over the baseline standard word n-grams. When used for N-best rescoring, our approach also outperforms the model of Zitouni et al. and the baseline and achieves significant word error rate (WER) reductions.
A Novel Activation Function for NAB Proteins in EGR-dependent Transcription of the Luteinizing Hormone β Gene (2000)

The EGR1/NGFI-A transcription factor directly activates the luteinizing hormone beta (LHbeta) subunit promoter, and female mice lacking EGR1 are infertile due to LHbeta deficiency. The NGFI-A-binding proteins NAB1 and NAB2 are corepressors of EGR1/NGFI-A and of the related proteins EGR2/Krox20 and EGR3. Here we report that at certain promoters, including LHbeta, NAB proteins display a novel ability to stimulate EGR-directed transcription. NAB coactivation requires the conserved NCD2 protein domain, previously implicated in NAB corepression, is strictly dependent upon EGR binding to the LHbeta proximal promoter and is independent of EGR activation domains. Furthermore, we report that NAB-activated promoters such as LHbeta contain EGR consensus sites that are fewer in number and lower in binding affinity than those found at NAB-repressed promoters such as basic fibroblast growth factor. Analysis of mutant and synthetic promoters confirms that both the strength and multiplicity of EGR-binding sites influence the transcriptional outcome of NAB recruitment. These results suggest a novel means by which EGR target genes could be differentially regulated in cells where EGR and NAB proteins are coexpressed.
Modelling and optimising planar waveguide devices (2010)

The availability of powerful optical waveguide modelling software packages has enabled designers to analyse quite complicated waveguide structures. However, there still remains the challenge of synthesing waveguide designs without carrying out an inordinate amount of trial and error computation. General numerical optimization algorithms have proven to be of limited value and they can suggest structures that are difficult to fabricate. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the advantages of using semi-analytical results in a more logical approach to the synthesis of planar waveguide devices. The proposed approach is illustrated by optimizing the performance of a multimode interference power splitter.
Clinical relevance of access targets for elective dental treatment under general anesthesia in pediatrics. (2010)

A trend suggestive of increasing burden of dental disease for children with longer wait times for elective dental procedures involving general anesthesia was found, but it was not clinically significant. Refinements in the assessment scale and a better understanding of the natural history of dental disease will likely be useful in developing clinically relevant access targets.
Graphene metamaterials for intense, tunable and compact EUV and X-sources (2018)

We present a bright X-ray source based on free electron-plasmon interactions inside graphene metamaterials, showing with ab initio simulations how the structure scales up the intensity and the tunability of the source.
TU‐AB‐BRA‐07: Distortion‐Free 3D Diffusion MRI On An MRI‐Guided Radiotherapy System for Longitudinal Tumor Response Assessment (2016)

Purpose: To develop a reliable, 3D distortion‐free diffusion MRI technique for longitudinal tumor response assessment and MRI‐guided adaptive radiotherapy(RT). Methods: A diffusion prepared 3D turbo spin echo readout (DP‐TSE) sequence was developed and compared with the conventional diffusion‐weighted single‐shot echo‐planar‐imaging (DW‐ssEPI) sequence in a commercially available diffusion phantom, and one head‐and‐neck and one brain cancer patient on an MRI‐guided RT system (ViewRay). In phantom study, the geometric fidelity was quantified as the ratio between the left‐right (RL) and anterior‐posterior (AP) dimension. Ten slices were measured on DP‐TSE, DW‐ssEPI and standard TSE images where the later was used as the geometric reference. ADC accuracy was verified at both 0°C (reference ADC available) and room temperature with a range of diffusivity between 0.35 and 2.0*10 −3 mm 2 /s. The ADC reproducibility was assessed based on 8 room‐temperature measurements on 6 different days. In the pilot single‐slice in‐vivo study, CT images were used as the geometric reference, and ADC maps from both diffusion sequences were compared. Results: Distortion and susceptive‐related artifact were severe in DW‐ssEPI, with significantly lower RL/AP ratio (0.9579±0.0163) than DP‐TSE (0.9990±0.0031) and TSE (0.9995±0.0031). ADCs from the two diffusion sequences both matched well with the vendor‐provided values at 0°C; however DW‐ssEPI fails to provide accurate ADC for high diffusivity vials at room temperature due to high noise level (10 times higher than DP‐TSE). The DP‐TSE sequence had excellent ADC reproducibility with &lt;4% ADC variation among 8 separate measurements. In patient study, DP‐TSE exhibited substantially improved geometric reliability. ROI analysis in ADC maps generated from DP‐TSE and DW‐ssEPI showed &lt;5% difference where high b‐value images were excluded from the latter approach due to excessive noise level. Conclusion: A diffusion MRI sequence with excellent geometric fidelity, accurate and highly reproducible ADC measurements was proposed for longitudinal tumor response assessment using an MRI‐guided RT system. Yu Gao acknowledges research support from ViewRay.
Estimating divergence times of Drosophila species from DNA sequence comparisons. (1985)

Comparisons between species of the DNA sequences of homologous single copy genes have great potential for use in the reconstruction of phylogenies. The rates of change of nucleotides in introns and "silent" sites in exons are independent of generation time, approximately constant in different lineages, and apparently also constant for different genes From calibration with the fossil record, Hayashida and Miyata ( These rates can now be used in comparative DNA sequence analyses to estimate divergence times (t) among other taxa lacking fossil records.