gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact Termination for Structural Soft-goods (2013)

Glass fiber is unique in its ability to withstand atomic oxygen and ultraviolet radiation in-space environments. However, glass fiber is also difficult to terminate by traditional methods without decreasing its strength significantly. Glass fiber products are especially sensitive to bend radius, and do not work very well with traditional 'sewn loop on pin' type connections. As with most composites, getting applied loads from a metallic structure into the webbing without stress concentrations is the key to a successful design. A potted end termination has been shown in some preliminary work to out-perform traditional termination methods. It was proposed to conduct a series of tensile tests on structural webbing or cord to determine the optimum potting geometry, and to then be able to estimate a weight and volume savings over traditional sewn-overa- pin connections. During the course of the investigation into potted end terminations for glass fiber webbing, a new and innovative connection was developed that has lower weight, reduced fabrication time, and superior thermal tolerance over the metallic end terminations that were to be optimized in the original proposal. This end termination essentially transitions the flexible glass fiber webbing into a rigid fiberglass termination, which can be bolted/fastened with traditional methods
Bad Citrus: Reducing Adversarial Costs with Model Distances (2022)

Recent work by Jia et al. [1], showed the possibility of effectively computing pairwise model distances in weight space, using a model explanation technique known as LIME. This method requires query-only access to the two models under examination. We argue this insight can be leveraged by an adversary to reduce the net cost (number of queries) of launching an evasion campaign against a deployed model. We show that there is a strong negative correlation between the success rate of adversarial transfer and the distance between the victim model and the surrogate used to generate the evasive samples. Thus, we propose and evaluate a method to reduce adversarial costs by finding the closest surrogate model for adversarial transfer.
A Rice Cytochrome P450OsCYP84AThat May Interact with the UV Tolerance Pathway (2010)

Cytochrome P450s are widespread in the plant kingdom. The functions of plant P450s are dispersed through many aspects of plant metabolisms, which are involved in the biosynthesis of defense compounds and protectants against ultraviolet rays, as well as metabolic pathways for the biosynthesis and/or degradation of fatty acids, hormones, and signaling molecules. We found a gene for rice P450, OsCYP84A, which was classified into CYP84A in the CYP71 clan. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis indicated that this gene was ubiquitously expressed without any temporal and spatial specificity under normal growth conditions, but its expression was inducibly and significantly increased by ultraviolet (UV)-B and UV-C irradiation. Rice transformants in which OsCYP84A expression was suppressed by the antisense gene showed apparent growth retardation with obvious symptoms of damage on the plant bodies under UV-B irradiation, although no phenotypic alteration occurred under normal growth conditions. These results suggest the existence of a novel UV-tolerance system involving OsCYP84A.
Thermoplastic nanoimprint lithography of electroactive polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) for micro/nanoscale sensors and actuators (2014)

Thermoplastic nanoimprint lithography has been used for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, as a method for transferring nanoscale patterns to electroactive polymer poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)]. PVDF, its copolymers, and terpolymers cannot be processed using conventional lithography techniques because of their solubility in most organic solvents and photoresist developers. In this work, line-shaped patterns with widths of 60 to 100 nm were formed in the thermoplastic polymer by thermal compression using a previously patterned and treated silicon (Si) stamp. Annealing of the polymer under compression in a nanoimprinter following imprint resulted in a 10-fold improvement in the surface roughness of the polymer relative to spin-coated layers of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE). Patterning of distinct polymer structures on Si substrates (without residual layer) was achieved for micron scale structures. The processes presented here comprise a basis for the integration of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) as an active material in nanoscale sensors and actuators.
Differential expression of colon cancer associated transcript1 (CCAT1) along the colonic adenoma-carcinoma sequence (2013)

CCAT1 is up-regulated across the colon adenoma-carcinoma sequence. This up-regulation is evident in pre-malignant conditions and through all disease stages, including advanced metastatic disease suggesting a role in both tumorigenesis and the metastatic process.
Spatial information in multiresolution histograms (2005)

Intensity histograms have been used extensively for recognition and for retrieval of images and video from visual databases. Intensity histograms of images at different individual resolutions have also been used for indexing. They suffer, however, from the inability to encode spatial image information. Spatial information can be incorporated into histograms simply by taking histograms of an image at multiple resolutions together to form a multiresolution histogram. Multiresolution histograms can also be computed, stored, and matched efficiently. The authors analyze and quantify the relation and sensitivity of the multiresolution histogram to spatial image information as well as to properties of shapes and textures in an image. They verify the analytical results experimentally and demonstrate the ability of multiresolution histograms to discriminate between images, as well as their robustness to noise.
Cytotoxic Staurosporines from the Marine Ascidian Cystodytes solitus (2008)

Two new indolocarbazole alkaloids, 7-oxo-3,8,9-trihydroxystaurosporine (1) and 7-oxo-8,9-dihydroxy-4'-N-demethylstaurosporine (2), were isolated from samples of the marine ascidian Cystodytes solitus. Their structures were determined by a combination of spectroscopic techniques, including (+)-HRMALDITOFMS and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, and comparison with published data for related structures. Both compounds displayed strong cytotoxicity against three human tumor cell lines.
Beam-correcting holographic doublet for focusing multimode laser diodes (1993)

We design and fabricate a beam-correcting, holographic focusing doublet for laser diodes in the presence of a recording-to-readout wavelength shift. This two-hologram assembly compensates for the strong chromatic variation of the spot size and its lateral position, which are typical of a single diffractive element. The doublet, recorded at 488 nm, successfully corrects the astigmatism of a multimode laser diode beam at 820 nm and focuses it to a near-diffraction-limited 1/e2 spot width with a significantly extended depth of field.
Artificial-Intelligence-Based Distributed Belief Propagation and Recurrent Neural Network Algorithm for Wide-Area Monitoring Systems (2020)

To monitor the power grid over a wide area, the wide area monitoring systems (WAMSs) has been developed. At each substation, the Global Positioning System (GPS) receiving system resides to provide trusted timing. Thus, it is critical for the WAMS to maintain authentic GPS timing over a wide area. However, GPS timing is susceptible to spoofing due to the unencrypted signal structure and its low signal power. Thus, to obtain trusted GPS timing from spoofing, a new wide-area monitoring algorithm, which comprises distributed belief propagation (BP) and a bidirectional recurrent neural network (RNN), is developed under the framework of artificial intelligence (AI). This joint BP-RNN algorithm authenticates each power substation by evaluating the estimated GPS timing error by its distributed processing capability. Specifically, the bidirectional RNN provides fast timing error estimation under the framework of AI. Simulation results demonstrate a fast detection time over the Kullback-Leibler divergence-based approach, and timing error estimation accuracy over the limit provided by the IEEE C37.118.1-2011 standard.
Analysis of hierar hical fixed-priority scheduling (2005)

Reservation-based operating systems provide applications with guaranteed and timely access to system resources. One of their chief benefits is temporal isolation, which prevents the timing mis-behavior of one task from interfering with other tasks. Such a benefit is appealing enough that many systems [2, 8] desire to recursively apply this reservation model to each of their components. This recursive application provides flexible load isolation among applications, users and other high-level resource management entities such as aggregated flows for network bandwith. The hierarchical reservation study can be applied to hierarchical schedulers [5, 6], that support heterogenous scheduling algorithms. We propose and analyze a hierarchical reservation model in the context of fixed-priority scheduling, rate-monotonic and deadline-monotonic, as used in systems such as the Resource Kernel [11]. Detailed schedulability analyses under both deferrable-server and sporadic-server replenishment schemes, including exact completion time tests under hierarchical deadline-monotonic schedulers, are presented. We also derive the least upper scheduling bound for hierarchicalrate-monotonic schedulers. Finally, we describe how to apply multi-reserve PCP [4 ], an extension of the Priority Ceiling Protocol for reservation-based systems, to allow tasks to share non-preemptable resources across the hierarchy.
Chemical Mechanical Polishing with Nanocolloidal Ceria Slurry for Low-Damage Planarization of Dielectric Films (2012)

New chemical mechanical polishing processes using nanocolloidal ceria slurry are proposed for high-precision and low-damage planarization of silicon-dioxide-based dielectric films. In the polishing process of a shallow trench isolation structure, a hard pad and a cationic polymer additive are used in combination with the slurry. The new process is effective in improving the planarity and reducing the microscratch count in comparison with a conventional polishing process with calcined ceria slurry and a standard pad. In the polishing process of an interconnect structure with ultralow-k interlayer dielectrics (ULK-ILDs), the standard pad should be used since the ULK-ILDs are easily damaged. By employing a spin-on-type ULK-ILD having a self-planarizing effect, a high planarity is obtained when using the nanocolloidal ceria slurry with the standard pad. The electrical measurement of the interconnect structure indicates that dielectric damage due to the process is successfully suppressed.
Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Computation of Turbomachinery Flows Using an Explicit Numerical Procedure and a Coupled k-ε Turbulence Model (1991)

An explicit, three-dimensional, coupled Navier-Stokes/k-ε technique has been developed and successfully applied to complex internal flow calculations. Several features of the procedure, which enable convergent and accurate calculation of high Reynolds number two-dimensional cascade flows have been extended to three-dimensions, including a low Reynolds number compressible form of the k-ε turbulence model, local timestep specification based on hyperbolic and parabolic stability requirements, and eigenvalue and local velocity scaling of artificial dissipation operators. A flux evaluation procedure which eliminates the finite difference metric singularity, at leading and trailing edges, on H- and C-grids, is presented. The code is used to predict the pressure distribution, primary velocity and secondary flows in an incompressible, turbulent curved duct flow for which CFD validation quality data is available. Also, a subsonic compressor rotor passage, for which detailed laser, rotating hot-wire and five-hole pressure probe measurements have been made is computed. Detailed comparisons between predicted and measured core flow and near wall velocity profiles, wake profiles, and spanwise mixing effects downstream of the rotor passage are presented for this case. It is found that the technique provides accurate and convergent engineering simulation of these complex turbulent flows.
Downregulation of the Longevity-Associated Protein Sirtuin 1 in Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome: Potential Biochemical Mechanisms (2010)

Insulin resistance and subclinical atherosclerosis are associated with SIRT1 downregulation in monocytes. Glucotoxicity and lypotoxicity play a relevant role in quenching SIRT1 expression.
Fabrication of 1×3 Multimode Interference based Beam Splitter on Silicon Nanomembrane (2011)

We present a 1×3 multimode interference based beam splitter on silicon-on-insulator wafer with very thin silicon layer. The device exhibits low cross-talk and high uniformity at 1550nm wavelength.
Ectopic Cellular Senescence Induced by Ionising Radiation of Varying Quality in Human Endothelial Cells (2008)

Non-cancer biological effects of ionising radiation exposure are of relevance for estimating normal tissue damage arising from radiotherapy as well as for space radiation protection. In particular, as ion-based radiation treatment of cancer is looking increasingly promising, it is necessary to investigate whether charged particles such as carbon ions, whose increased biological effectiveness at causing early cytotoxicity in the form of clonogenic death is well known, are also more effective than photons at inducing late effects, thereby obscuring their beneficial anti-cancer potential. Aside from neoplastic transformation, one such late effect is cellular senescence, which has been shown to be inducible in vitro by a variety of stressors, including ionising radiation at sub-lethal doses. Such a response, termed stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS), manifests itself as a senescent-like phenotype but, unlike physiological loss of reproductive ability, which serves as a tumour repressor mechanism leading to death or terminal differentiation, is not unambiguously linked with telomere length attrition. In fact, SIPS, while enabling the damaged cell to escape radiation-induced death, can be enacted by damage-response pathways. This may ultimately lead to genome instability and hence transformation. In vivo, accumulation of prematurely senescent cells in a normal tissue can impact its performance and accelerate its degeneration. In order to study the dependence of SIPS upon radiation quality and to examine whether it is mechanistically linked with reduced telomere length, we exposed a model system (human vein endothelial cells) to the GSI carbon ion beam, used for therapeutic purposes, at both the LET values incurred by normal (plateau region) and tumour (spread-out Bragg Peak) cells. X-ray irradiation was used as a reference. The onset of cellular senescence was studied by beta-galactosidase expression in the progeny of irradiated or control cells and related to measurements of telomere length. The latter was performed by means of an automated system that allows recognition of interphase cells labelled by a pan-telomeric fluorescent probe and a centromere-directed probe (IQ-FISH). Relative telomere length was obtained by the fluorescence intensity ratio between the two markers. Our data suggest that ionising radiation causes surviving descendants to enter senescence earlier than their sham-irradiated counterparts, exhibiting a complex dependence upon LET and a non-linear correlation with telomere length reduction.
Sputum quality and diagnostic performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF among smear-negative adults with presumed tuberculosis in Uganda (2017)

Our findings demonstrate the need to exercise caution in collecting sputum for Xpert and in interpreting results because sputum quality may impact test yield and sensitivity. In particular, it may be wise to pursue additional testing should blood-stained sputum test negative while salivary sputum should be readily accepted for Xpert testing given its higher sensitivity and potentially higher yield than other sample types. These findings challenge conventional recommendations against collecting salivary sputum for TB diagnosis and could inform new standards for sputum quality.
Surgical removal of endometriotic lesions alters local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines in endometriosis patients (2020)

To determine the impact of endometriotic lesion removal on local and systemic inflammation.
Crystal structure of Iodobis(1,10-phenanthroline)copper(II) iodide octasulphur (1977)

The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C12H8N2)2I]I,S8, has been determined by X-ray diffraction at 295(1) K and refined by least squares to R 0.066 (2031 ?observed? reflections). &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Crystal data: orthorhombic, Pbcb, a 7.984(5), b 16.690(4), c 22.986(12) Ǻ, Z 4. &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; The structure comprises five-coordinate trigonal bipyramidal [Cu(phen)2I]+ cations (I equatorial) lying on the 2 axes parallel to a which pass through the Cu-I bonds, together with iodide anions, and lattice S8 molecules, also lying on 2 axes but parallel to b. In the cation, Cu-I is 2.672(3), Cu-N (equatorial) 2.10(1) and Cu-N (axial) 2.00(1) Ǻ. S-S ranges from 2.004(7) to 2.059(7). There appears to be no significant interaction between the octasulphur molecules and any other species.
Characterization of ultrathin plasma nitrided gate dielectrics in pMOSFET for 0.18 μm technology and beyond (2003)

The impact of nitrogen plasma nitridation on the interfacial quality of ultrathin oxide (1.8 nm and 2.6 nm) and negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) have been investigated. It is found that the plasma-nitridation can more effectively suppress nitrogen-induced and boron-induced hole mobility degradation than that of thermal nitridation. Therefore, a higher amount of nitrogen can be incorporated into the plasma-nitrided oxide to suppress boron penetration without compromising the oxide interfacial quality. Furthermore, plasma-nitrided oxides have higher resistance to NBTI and longer NBTI-lifetime than that of thermal-nitrided oxides.
Polymerization of Methyl Phenyl Sulfoxide under Acidic Conditions:  Synthesis and X-ray Structure Analysis of a Phenylene Sulfonium Polymer (2001)

Methyl phenyl sulfoxide was found to undergo self-polycondensation in triflic acid in the presence of diphenylamine to produce poly(methylsulfonio-1,4-phenylene triflate). Diphenylamine formed a charge-transfer (CT) complex with the hydroxy methyl phenyl sulfonium cation produced by the protonation of the sulfoxide, facilitating the electrophilic substitution reaction of the sulfonium cation onto the carbon atom of the terminal phenyl ring. The obtained polymer is a highly crystalline material whose structure was determined by X-ray analysis using the typical geometric parameters of the sulfoniophenylene dimer and trimer model compounds. The orthorhombic unit cell of the polymer (a = 10.875 Å, b = 10.449 Å, and c = 18.629 Å) contains eight monomeric units. The space group is Pbcn (#60). Two molecular chains along the c axis pass through the unit cell, one through the corner and the other through the center. The crystal structure of the polymer not only revealed a structural relevance to those of oxy- and thiophenylene polymers but also provided support for CT complex formation between the polymer and diphenylamine.
The Sociocultural Theory in the Development of Anorexia nervosa (1994)

The relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and sociocultural factors is examined. Anorexia nervosa was first described in the West and was reported as particularly rare or absent in Eastern cultures. However, the frequency of its presentation has increased worldwide over the past two decades, probably as a consequence of changes in cultural norms and concepts of feminine beauty and an increasing inflow of Western values into other countries. Sociocultural factors are important in the development of AN in psychologically vulnerable young females, although other factors may also be implicated.
Ferroelectricity in HfO2 enables nonvolatile data storage in 28 nm HKMG (2012)

We report on the most aggressively scaled ferroelectric field effect transistor so far. These were successfully fabricated using ferroelectric Si:HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> in a 28 nm HKMG stack (TiN/Si:HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si). For a ± 5 V program/erase operation with pulses as short as 20 ns, reliable threshold voltage shifts were observed resulting in a memory window of about 0.9 V. We further demonstrate endurance characteristics matching demands of current nonvolatile memories utilizing wear leveling. Low retention loss was observed and extrapolated 10-year data storage can be expected.
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell‐Derived Superoxide Production, Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity, and Vascular Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients (2020)

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Previous studies have shown that CKD patients have high oxidative stress, which may be a potential underlying mechanism contributing to vascular dysfunction and impaired baroreflex sensitivity in this patient group. However, the exact mechanism(s) leading to elevated oxidative stress in CKD remains unclear. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been identified as a primary source of NADPH oxidase‐derived superoxide production, leading to elevated systemic oxidative stress. PBMCs can cross the blood brain barrier and increase oxidative stress centrally, which could potentially reduce arterial baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) in these patients. Indeed, there is an emerging body of evidence indicating that elevated oxidative stress impairs BRS. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that CKD patients have greater superoxide production in PBMCs that is associated with impaired vascular function and attenuated BRS. To test this hypothesis, we studied 7 CKD patients stage 3 and 4 (age = 62 ± 3 years, BMI = 35 ± 2 kg/m 2 , estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) = 43 ± 7 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ) and 5 age‐matched controls (age = 57 ± 3 years, BMI = 25 ± 1 kg/m 2 , eGFR = 80 ± 5 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ). PBMCs were isolated from whole blood and intracellular superoxide production in PBMCs was measured using dihydroethidium fluorescence. Resting heart rate (ECG) and arterial blood pressure (finger photoplethysmography) were measured for 10 minutes and spontaneous cardiac BRS was determined using the sequence technique. In addition, central artery stiffness (pulse wave velocity, SphygmoCor) and brachial artery flow‐mediated dilation (duplex Doppler ultrasound) were measured to assess vascular function. CKD patients had significantly elevated PBMC‐derived superoxide production compared to controls (CKD = 32769 ± 4067 vs. controls = 18421 ± 3515 relative fluorescence units; p = 0.03). However, cardiac BRS was not different between the groups (18.2 ± 3.5 in CKD vs 15.4 ± 1.5 ms/mmHg in controls; p = 0.35). Central artery stiffness appeared greater (CKD = 7.8 ± 0.6 vs. controls = 6.3 ± 0.2 m/s; p = 0.07), and endothelial function lower in CKD patients (CKD = 3.5 ± 0.6% vs. controls = 5.8 ± 1.4%; p = 0.19) but neither reached statistical significance in the cohort studied thus far. These preliminary findings suggest that CKD patients exhibit elevated PBMC‐derived superoxide production, which may be one of the mechanisms contributing to impaired vascular function in this population. However, this elevated oxidative stress was not associated with impaired spontaneous cardiac BRS in CKD patients. Support or Funding Information Supported by NIH R01 HL127071