gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-dimensional Bragg grating lasers defined by electron-beam lithography (2006)

Two-dimensional Bragg grating (2DBG) lasers with two quarter-wave slip line defects have been designed and fabricated by electron-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. Unlike conventional two-dimensional photonic crystal defect lasers, which use a large refractive index perturbation to confine light in a plane, the 2DBG structures described here selectively control the longitudinal and transverse wave vector components using a weak index perturbation. Two line defects perpendicular to each other are introduced in the 2DBG to define the optical resonance condition in the longitudinal and transverse directions. In this article, we describe the lithography process used to pattern these devices. The 2DBG lasers were defined using polymethylmethacrylate resist exposed in a Leica Microsystems EBPG 5000+ electron-beam writer at 100kV. A proximity correction code was used to obtain a uniform pattern distribution over a large area, and a dosage matrix was used to optimize the laser design parameters. Measurements of electrically pumped 2DBG lasers showed modal selection in both the longitudinal and transverse directions due to proper design of the grating and defects, making them promising candidates for single-mode, high power, high efficiency, large-area lasers.
MEMs tactile sensors for robots (2013)

Summary form only given. Micro-cantilevers and double-supported microbeams with piezo-resistors provide sensitive force measurement. The cantilevers/beams embedded in organic material like epoxy become tiny tactile sensors which measure not only normal force but also shear force. The fabrication process and the performance of the sensors are shown in this report. Finally, the sensor is applied to a robotic hand.
Optical parametric oscillation based on periodically-poled 1 mol% MgO-doped stoichiometric LiTaO/sub 3/ (2004)

OPO was demonstrated in periodically-poled MgO-doped stoichiometric LiTaO/sub 3/ with 35-mm length and 1-mm thickness. Slope efficiency was /spl sim/ 65 % at RT without photorefraction and maximum output power was 655 mW at 1.3 W pumping.
Inner–outer interactions of large-scale structures in turbulent channel flow (2016)

Direct numerical simulation data of turbulent channel flow ( $Re_{{\it\tau}}=930$ ) are used to investigate the statistics of long motions of streamwise velocity fluctuations ( $u$ ), and the interaction of these structures with the near-wall disturbances, which is facilitated by their associated large-scale circulations. In the log layer, the negative- $u$ structures are organized into longer streamwise extent ( ${&gt;}3{\it\delta}$ ) in comparison to the positive- $u$ counterparts. Near the wall, the footprint of negative- $u$ structures is relatively narrow in comparison to the footprint of positive- $u$ structures. This difference is due to the opposite spanwise motions in the vicinity of the footprints, which are either congregative or dispersive depending on the circulation of the outer roll cells. Conditional sampling of the footprints shows that the spanwise velocity fluctuations ( $w$ ) are significantly enhanced by the dispersive motions of high-speed structures. On the other hand, the near-wall congregative motions of negative- $u$ structures generate relatively weak $w$ but intense negative- $u$ regions due, in part, to the spanwise collective migration of near-wall streaks. The concentrated near-wall regions of negative- $u$ upwell during the merging of the outer long scales – an effect that is demonstrated using statistical analysis of the merging process. This leads to a reduction of the convection speed of downstream negative- $u$ structures and thus promotes the merging with upstream ones. These top-down and bottom-up interactions enhance the spatial coherence of long negative- $u$ structures in the log region.
Network of Ordered Phases in PE-PEE Diblock Copolymers (2000)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
New Devices and Promising approaches for Clinical H.I.F.U. Applications (2007)

Bursts of focused ultrasound energy three orders of magnitude more intense than diagnostic ultrasound became during the last decade a noninvasive option for treating cancer from breast to prostate or uterin fibroid. However, many challenges remain to be addressed. First, the corrections of distortions induced on the ultrasonic therapy beam during its propagation through defocusing obstacles like skull bone or ribs remains today a technological performance that still needs to be validated clinically. Secondly, the problem of motion artifacts particularly important for the treatment of abdominal parts becomes today an important research topic. Finally, the problem of the treatment monitoring is a wide subject of interest in the growing HIFU community. For all these issues, the potential of new ultrasonic therapy devices able to work both in Transmit and Receive modes will be emphasized. A review of the work under achievement at L.O.A. using this new generation of HIFU prototypes on the monitoring, motion and aberrations corrections problems will be presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovering the Fullerenes (Nobel Lecture) (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mothers' decisions about gastrostomy tube insertion in children: factors contributing to uncertainty (2003)

The purpose of this study was to explore O'Connor's four factors contributing to mothers’uncertainty concerning gastrostomy tube (G‐tube) insertion in their children (lack of information; unclear value trade‐offs; lack of support; social pressure) in a substitute decision‐making context. Fifty mothers participated in one semi‐structured interview at the time of their children's G‐tube insertion. Children's ages ranged from 2 weeks to 17 years, slightly more than half were male, and most had a primary diagnosis related to a neurological ( n =27) or cardiac ( n =10) condition. Two‐thirds of the mothers identified topics about which they wanted more information, the majority reported both gains and losses associated with their decision, three‐quarters reported that they had received support during decision making, and half reported that they had felt pressure from family and health care professionals. Results indicate that mothers’decisions about G‐tube insertion are complex and difficult. The existence and importance of O'Connor's factors in this context are confirmed by mothers’accounts. Because these factors are believed to be modifiable, health care professionals have the opportunity to potentially minimize the extent to which the factors contribute to decision uncertainly. It is recommended that health care professionals implement interventions focused on minimizing uncertainty.
Feasibility study of sub-10-nm-half-pitch fabrication by chemically amplified resist processes of extreme ultraviolet lithography: II. Stochastic effects (2015)

Line edge roughness (LER) rapidly increases in the sub-10-nm-half-pitch region of resist processes used for the fabrication of semiconductor devices. Sub-10-nm fabrication with high throughput is a challenging task. In this study, the stochastic effects (LER and stochastic defect generation) of chemically amplified resist processes in the sub-10-nm-half-pitch node were investigated, assuming the use of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The latent images were calculated by a Monte Carlo method on the basis of the sensitization and reaction mechanisms of chemically amplified EUV resists. 7-nm-half-pitch fabrication by chemically amplified resist processes is considered to be feasible. However, significant improvement in the efficiencies of the conversion processes from optical images to resist images is required.
A fluid treemap interface for personal digital libraries (2005)

The UC system employs hybrid quantum/continuous treemaps for fluidly interacting with documents in a personal digital library. By incorporating a document reader application within the visualization workspace, UC supports multi-document reading tasks that have been traditionally accomplished by laying out documents on a physical desk. One of the overall goals of the system is to eliminate the boundary between acquiring and using documents.
Early remission status predicts long-term outcomes in patients with Crohn’s disease treated with certolizumab pegol (2016)

In certolizumab pegol-treated patients with CD, ER appears to be an important predictor of long-term clinical remission. Prospective trials are needed to determine whether ER improves other long-term outcomes.
Granule cell development in the frog cerebellum during spontaneous and thyroxine‐induced metamorphosis (1986)

Abstract Granule cell maturation in the cerebellum of bullfrog tadpoles was studied during both spontaneous and thyroxine‐induced metamorphosis by using electron microscopy and Golgi‐impregnated preparations. The production of cerebellar microneurons, a majority of which are granule cell precursors, was quantitatively compared during spontaneous and thyroxineinduced metamorphosis by using stereological methods and biochemical measurements of DNA. Granule cell migration and differentiation appeared morphologically similar during spontaneous and thyroxine‐induced metamorphosis. In both instances, granule cells (1) migrated tangentially along the pial surface, (2) migrated into the internal granular layer, (3) developed dendritic arbors, and (4) formed synaptic contacts with the processes of Golgi cells and with mossy fibers. These events are similar to developmental processes that have been described in detail in other animals. Quantitative stereological measurements demonstrated similar overall patterns of change during spontaneous and thyroxine‐induced metamorphosis. Most notably, increases in the volume of the external granule layer correlated with increases in the relative and total amounts of DNA. However, measurements of total DNA were consistently reduced during the period of accelerated change that occurs in thyroxine‐induced metamorphosis, although external granular layer volume was greater in these tadpoles after 2 and 3 weeks of thyroxine treatment than in spontaneously metamorphosing tadpoles. While granule cell development in the frog is largely dependent on thyroid hormone, differences between thyroid‐hormone‐induced and spontaneously metamorphosing tadpoles suggest that normal patterns of cerebellar development are also dependent on events that occur in premetamorphic tadpoles in the absence of thyroid hormone.
Macromolecular Interactions in Enzyme Applications for Food Products (2005)

CONTENTS Introduction 364 Baking 364 Amylolytic Enzymes and Staling 365 Xylanase Effects 366 Strengthening the Gluten Network: Oxidases and Transglutaminase 369 Lipases and Dough Stabilization 371 Dairy 372 Rennets and Milk Clotting 372 Phospholipase for Improving Cheese Yields 374 Transglutaminase Applications 375 Proteases 377 Meat Binding with Transglutaminase 378 Juice and Vegetable Processing 379 Juice 379 Vegetable Processing 381 Conclusion 383 References 383 DK3027_book.fm Page 363 Friday, November 18, 2005 10:13 AM
Structure of Polymer-Stabilized Magnetic Fluids:  Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and Mean-Field Lattice Modeling (2004)

Small-angle neutron scattering and mean-field lattice modeling were used to characterize a class of water-based magnetic fluids tailored specifically to extract soluble organic compounds from water. The fluids consist of a suspension of approximately 7 nm magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles coated with a bifunctional polymer layer comprised of an outer hydrophilic poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) region for colloidal stability and an inner hydrophobic poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) region for solubilization of organic compounds. The inner region of the polymer shell is increasingly depleted of water as the fraction of PPO side chains increases. The incorporation of PPO side chains also leads to a small increase in interparticle attraction. The lattice model predicted a shell structure similar to that of a PEO-PPO-PEO triblock copolymer (Pluronic) micelle, with equivalent levels of hydration but with more PEO present in the PPO-rich regions, as the side chains grafted to the surface are less able to segregate than when in free micellar systems.
Focused Ultrasound Delivers Targeted Immune Cells to Metastatic Brain Tumors (2013)

Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic lymphocytes involved in innate immunity. NK-92, a human NK cell line, may be targeted to tumor-associated antigens in solid malignancies where it exhibits antitumor efficacy, but its clinical utility for treating brain tumors is limited by an inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We investigated the potential for focused ultrasound (FUS) to deliver targeted NK-92 cells to the brain using a model of metastatic breast cancer. HER2-expressing human breast tumor cells were implanted into the brain of nude rats. The NK-92-scFv(FRP5)-zeta cell line expressing a chimeric HER2 antigen receptor was transfected with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles before intravenous injection, before and following BBB disruption using focused ultrasound (551.5 kHz focused transducer, 0.33 MPa average peak rarefaction pressure) in the presence of a microbubble contrast agent. Baseline and posttreatment 1.5T and 7T MR imaging was done, and histology used to identify NK-92 cells post-mortem. Contrast-enhanced MRI showed reproducible and consistent BBB disruption. 7T MR images obtained at 16 hours posttreatment revealed a significant reduction in signal indicating the presence of iron-loaded NK-92 cells at the tumor site. The average ratio of NK-92 to tumor cells was 1:100 when NK cells were present in the vasculature at the time of sonication, versus 2:1,000 and 1:1,000 when delivered after sonication and without BBB disruption, respectively. Our results offer a preclinical proof-of-concept that FUS can improve the targeting of immune cell therapy of brain metastases.
Dual polarization radar observations of precipitation events in the area of Rome (2010)

The area of Rome represents a unique site for studies on Mediterranean precipitation both for the availability of instumentation and for its position in the Mediterranean basin. The radar meteorology group of CNR-ISAC of Rome manages the coherent C-band Doppler dual polarization radar Polar 55C. The radar has being working since 2001 at the Rome ISAC site, located 30 km northeast from the coast of the Tyrrhenian Sea and 20 km southeast of Rome downtown (41°50’24” North, 12°38’50” East, 102 m asl). Polar 55C can observe precipitation over the farthest part of the Tiber basin, the urban area of Rome, the Appennin Range (where snow precipitation can occur during winter season), and a significant portion of the Tyrrhenian sea. In the current configuration, Polar 55C can measure radar reflectivity factor, differential reflectivity, Doppler velocity, Doppler spectrum and differential phase shift. Polar 55C can play a key role in the study of the interaction between the local and the mesoscale circulation and for the observation of meteorological events involving the city of Rome. Being a research radar, it is operated according to scientific objectives, that can ranges from radar applications to hydrometeorological modelling of urban and rural areas to the ground validation of precipitation satellite measurements. &#13;\n&#13;\nStudies on quantitative precipitation estimation are focused on dual polarization radar techniques. Within the coverage area of Polar 55C radar is the network of telemetered raingauges and hydrographs managed by Servizio Idrografico Regionale (the regional hydrologic service) of the Lazio regional government. Average spatial density of the network raingauges is 1 per 100 km2 and become quite dense within the historic center of Rome. Most of the raingauges have a 5-minutes time resolution and some of them have a resolution of 1 min.&#13;\n&#13;\nIn the year 2008 several interesting case sudies have been observed by Polar 55C. Some of them will be discussed to highlight the use of dual polarization techniques to overcome critical aspects of radar rainfall estimation. Example concerns also the analysis of the scaling properties of rainfall in space by using data from the raingauge network and Polar 55C over the area of Rome. The aim is the identification of spatial scaling regimes, their ranges of validity, and the evaluation of the corresponding scaling properties and the dependence structure of rainfall (time and space correlation between time series for different time scales).
Ultrasonic characterization of mesoporous thin films (2016)

Thin films are now used in several fields, such as coating, sensors, material tuning. Yet, the determination of mechanical parameters of these films is still a challenge and most of the characterization methods are electromagnetic or electric. In previous works, it has been shown that the transmission spectrum is very sensitive to etching. In this study, investigation of the feasibility of the characterization of thin film deposited on silicon substrate is proposed. The theoretical transmission spectrum is calculated using an unidimensional model. This model is based on normal incidence of the ultrasonic beam. The porosity of the thin film is taken into account using a homogenization model based on Biots theory. Measurements are performed with high frequency transducers (from 20 to 50 MHz) using the insertion-substitution method. The optimization between theoretical and experimental spectra is performed using a genetic algorithm in order to avoid premature convergence on a local solution. Measurements have been performed on 300 nm thick TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> :SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> film which has been deposited using a sol gel method on 500 μm thick silicon substrate. Transmission spectra of the reference (without sample) and with the sample are plotted in the figure below. Another reference is made using the transmission spectrum through the substrate only to characterize more precisely the substrate. A shift of the resonance frequency can be observed, due to the thickness variation induced by the thin film.
Data from Perioperative Influenza Vaccination Reduces Postoperative Metastatic Disease by Reversing Surgery-Induced Dysfunction in Natural Killer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Surgical removal of solid primary tumors is an essential component of cancer treatment. Surgery-induced dysfunction in natural killer (NK) cells has been linked to the development of metastases in animal models and patients with cancer. We investigated the activation of NK cells using influenza vaccine in the perioperative period to eradicate micrometastatic disease.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Both the B16lacZ and 4T1 tumor models in immunocompetent mice were used to assess the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; efficacy of perioperative influenza vaccine administration. In healthy human donors and cancer surgery patients, we assessed NK cell function pre- and post-influenza vaccination using both &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt; assays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Using the TLR3 agonist poly(I:C), we showed as proof-of-principle that perioperative administration of a nonspecific innate immune stimulant can inhibit surgery-induced dysfunction in NK cells and attenuate metastases. Next, we assessed a panel of prophylactic vaccines for NK cell activation and determined that inactivated influenza vaccine was the best candidate for perioperative administration. Perioperative influenza vaccine significantly reduced tumor metastases and improved NK cytotoxicity in preclinical tumor models. Significantly, IFNα is the main cytokine mediator for the therapeutic effect of influenza vaccination. In human studies, influenza vaccine significantly enhanced NK cell activity in healthy human donors and cancer surgery patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; These results provide the preclinical rationale to pursue future clinical trials of perioperative NK cell activation, using vaccination in cancer surgery patients. Research into perioperative immune therapy is warranted to prevent immune dysfunction following surgery and eradicate metastatic disease. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(18); 5104–15. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supplementary Data from Exon-Level Microarray Analyses Identify Alternative Splicing Programs in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures S1-S2 and Supplementary Tables S2-S4.&lt;/p&gt;
Sustained Photoproduction of Ammonia from Nitrate by Anacystis nidulans (1982)

Conditions that lengthen the time during which l-methionine-dl-sulfoximine (MSX) promotes excretion of ammonia produced by photosynthetic nitrate reduction in Anacystis nidulans have been sought. If MSX was added every 24 h, maximal rates of ammonia production were maintained for 3 days. After this time, ammonia production ceased due to a specific deficiency of glutamine in the cells, which finally led to cell lysis. The effective ammonia production period could be further extended either by adding a low amount of glutamine at the end of the 3-day period or by allowing the cells to recover for 8 h in the absence of MSX after every 48-h period in the presence of inhibitor. In this way, a steady production of ammonia lasting for at least 10 days was achieved. The MSX-treated cyanobacterial cells thus represent a system relatively stable with time for the conversion of light energy into chemical energy through the photoreduction of nitrate to ammonia.
PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN/SOLVENT INTERACTION ANALYSIS (PSA/SIA): A NEW ASSAY FOR IMPROVED PROSTATE CANCER (CAP) DIAGNOSIS (2009)

A wide array of molecular markers and genomic signatures, reviewed in this article, may soon be used as adjuncts to currently established screening strategies, prognostic parameters, and early detection markers. Markers of genetic susceptibility to PCA, recurrent epigenetic and genetic alterations, including ETS gene fusions, PTEN alterations, and urine-based early detection marker PCA3, are discussed. Impact of recent genome-wide assessment on our understanding of key pathways of PCA development and progression and their potential clinical implications are highlighted.