gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Captodative substitution and cyclopropane geometry. Part 5. X-Ray structure of five new compounds and asymmetry parameters of the substituents (1988)

Five new captodative (cd) substituted cyclopropanes have been synthesized and their structures determined from X-ray diffraction data. These are cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-dimethyl-(1), trans-1,2-dicyano-1,2-bisethoxycarbonyl-(2), cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-dimethoxy-(3), trans-1,2-dicyano-1,2-bismethylthio-(4), and trans-1,2-dicyano-1,2-bis(dimethylamino)-cyclopropane (5). These structures have been solved by direct methods and refined by least-squares using 865, 1 332, 766, 1 075, and 1 341 reflections respectively, to R 0.062, 0.041, 0.044, 0.031, and 0.049. This work completes former results and permits the discussion of the influence of polar substituents on cyclopropane geometry in relation to their reported ease of cis–trans isomerization. The effect on ring bond lengths is small but significant: in both captodative and dicapto-substitution, the distal ring bond is shortened and vicinal bonds are lengthened. Mean distal-bond shortenings are proposed for SR, OR, and NR2; the values calculated for CN, CO, and phenyl agree with published data. The particular facile isomerization of cd cyclopropanes appears best explained, not as the consequence of a destabilized ground state but rather as increased spin delocalization in the transition state.
A rapid anion-exchange chromatography for measurement of cholesterol concentrations in five lipoprotein classes and estimation of lipoprotein profiles in male volunteers without overt diseases (2015)

The rapid anion-exchange chromatography assay may be sufficiently applied to the assessment of borderline dyslipidemia.
Quadriceps and Hamstring Muscle Strength Improves After Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty. (2017)

Within one-year following UKA, patients can expect restoration of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength with a corresponding functional improvement. Although long-term follow-up is warranted to determine sustainability, the short-term results demonstrate excellent restoration of function.
HfO2-Based Ferroelectric Field-Effect Transistors with 260 nm Channel Length and Long Data Retention (2012)

We report the fabrication of highly scaled sub-0.3 μm ferroelectric field-effect transistors on the basis of ferroelectric HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . The electrical properties of 9 nm thick Si-doped HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films depending on the silicon content and the annealing temperature were investigated. The most suitable fabrication conditions for the emergence of ferroelectricity were identified. The ferroelectric properties were verified up to temperatures of 170°C. N-channel MFIS-FETs (Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors) with poly-Si/TiN/Si:HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si gate stack and channel lengths down to 260 nm were successfully fabricated. The switching characteristics, endurance and retention properties were analysed. Switching times of 10 ns were demonstrated. A memory window of 1.2 V was obtained with program/erase voltages of -6.5 V and +4 V and pulses as short as 50 ns. Endurance performance of up to 104 cycles was verified. Retention characteristics were measured at 25°C and 150°C. 10 years data retention was indicated for both temperatures by the extrapolation of the experimental data.
Optical Detection of Degraded Therapeutic Proteins (2018)

The quality of therapeutic proteins such as hormones, subunit and conjugate vaccines, and antibodies is critical to the safety and efficacy of modern medicine. Identifying malformed proteins at the point-of-care can prevent adverse immune reactions in patients; this is of special concern when there is an insecure supply chain resulting in the delivery of degraded, or even counterfeit, drug product. Identification of degraded protein, for example human growth hormone, is demonstrated by applying automated anomaly detection algorithms. Detection of the degraded protein differs from previous applications of machine-learning and classification to spectral analysis: only example spectra of genuine, high-quality drug products are used to construct the classifier. The algorithm is tested on Raman spectra acquired on protein dilutions typical of formulated drug product and at sample volumes of 25 µL, below the typical overfill (waste) volumes present in vials of injectable drug product. The algorithm is demonstrated to correctly classify anomalous recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) with 92% sensitivity and 98% specificity even when the algorithm has only previously encountered high-quality drug product.
A CMOS Image Sensor With In-Pixel ADC, Timestamp, and Sparse Readout (2008)

Recent developments in CMOS image sensors have focused on the advancement of digital pixel sensors (DPS). A novel DPS aiming to combine multiple functionalities on the imaging plane has been designed and tested: The on pixel intelligent CMOS (OPIC) sensor was manufactured in a 0.25 mum logic process with 5 metal layers, and 8 mum epitaxial layers. The sensor comprises three 2 x 2 mm test arrays of 30 mum pixels. Two of the test arrays are named "advanced" and include two 8-bit DRAM cells, one 8-bit ROM cell, and one 1-bit DRAM cell per pixel. The 8-bit DRAM cells can record both ADC and "time-to-threshold" data, while the ROM hard codes the pixel address within the array. The 1-bit DRAM acts as a "hit flag" enabling automatic sparsification of the image data based on an external threshold. Results of the device simulation, design and electro-optical testing are presented. The OPIC sensor is shown to have ~50 e-read noise, 105 ke- full well capacity, 10% fill factor, and a measured power consumption of 230 mW when operated at 1000 fps. A 79% reduction in frame size is achieved when imaging a point-like object in sparse mode. Capacitive coupling from digital signal lines was observed in certain modes of operation of the sensor. An alternative coding scheme was devised to quantify this and the effect was found to be most evident at ADC units of less than 2.5 mV. A number of applications are proposed for the functionality available on OPIC. The test structure is demonstrated in a high-speed tracking application and shown to have a 100 ns resolution. This device holds promise for tracking applications where a high position and time accuracy is required.
Call for Papers for the “Classics in Chemical Neuroscience” Series (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTCall for Papers for the "Classics in Chemical Neuroscience" SeriesCraig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2016, 7, 9, 1174Publication Date (Web):September 21, 2016Publication History Published online21 September 2016Published inissue 21 September 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00261https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.6b00261editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1221Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (124 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical neuroscience,Medicinal chemistry,Metabolism,Neuroscience,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Roadmap to the bioinformatic study of gene and protein evolution v1 (2022)

We present a compilation of nucleic acid and protein databases and bioinformatic tools for phylogenetic reconstructions and a wide range of studies on molecular evolution and population genetics. We provide a protocol for information extraction from biological databases and simple phylogenetic reconstruction.
Supplemental Table S1 from PanIN Neuroendocrine Cells Promote Tumorigenesis via Neuronal Cross-talk (2023)

&lt;p&gt;List of target genes and their respective primer sequences used in qPCR analyses.&lt;/p&gt;
Alkenes from Terminal Epoxides Using Lithium 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidide and Organolithiums or Grignard Reagents. (2005)

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
FORCEPS WITH SCALE MARKS FOR THE TRANSCONJUNCTIVAL SUTURELESS VITRECTOMY SYSTEM (2006)

From the *Department of Ophthalmology Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan; and the †Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan. Supported in part by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (Grant 15591855) and a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan. The authors have no proprietary interest in any aspect of this report. Reprint requests: Masahito Ohji, MD, Department of Ophthalmology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowacho, Otsu, 520-2192, Japan; e-mail: [email protected]
Strømme Syndrome Is a Ciliary Disorder Caused by Mutations inCENPF (2016)

Strømme syndrome was first described by Strømme et al. (1993) in siblings presenting with "apple peel" type intestinal atresia, ocular anomalies and microcephaly. The etiology remains unknown to date. We describe the long-term clinical follow-up data for the original pair of siblings as well as two previously unreported siblings with a severe phenotype overlapping that of the Strømme syndrome including fetal autopsy results. Using family-based whole-exome sequencing, we identified truncating mutations in the centrosome gene CENPF in the two nonconsanguineous Caucasian sibling pairs. Compound heterozygous inheritance was confirmed in both families. Recently, mutations in this gene were shown to cause a fetal lethal phenotype, the phenotype and functional data being compatible with a human ciliopathy [Waters et al., 2015]. We show for the first time that Strømme syndrome is an autosomal-recessive disease caused by mutations in CENPF that can result in a wide phenotypic spectrum.
<title>Bounding overwatch operations for robotic and semi-robotic ground vehicles</title> (1998)

The coordination of teams of ground vehicles is a critical problem for many military operations. When moving in teams through enemy territory, one of the more important operations is that of the bounding overwatch maneuver. This is when a team of vehicles moves one at a time, with the lead vehicle(s) moving forward under the protection of the trailing vehicle(s). The idea is that the trailing (stationary) vehicle(s) is in a better position to watch for danger and to engage the enemy than the moving vehicle(s). Currently, the computation of routes for such maneuvers was performed manually, in the field. In this paper we present a novel approach for coordinating multi-vehicle teams of robotic or semi-robotic ground vehicles performing bounding overwatch operations. Our approach generates accurate and efficient routes and takes into account such factors as terrain features, threat exposure, as well as vehicle and mission parameters. Furthermore, routes generated by our approach can be replanned "on the fly" as new environmental or threat information becomes available. Keywords: Autonomous Vehicles, Bounding Overwatch, Ground Vehicle Coordination, Path Planning, Robotics, Route Planning, Team Planning Operations
A Polymer‐Assisted Solution‐Phase Strategy for the Synthesis of Fused [2,1‐b]Quinazolinones and the Preparation of Optically Active Vasicinone (VIII). (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Community-Aware Group Testing (2023)

Group testing is a technique that can reduce the number of tests needed to identify infected members in a population, by pooling together multiple diagnostic samples. Despite the variety and importance of prior results, traditional work on group testing has typically assumed independent infections. However, contagious diseases among humans, like SARS-CoV-2, have an important characteristic: infections are governed by community spread, and are therefore correlated. In this paper, we explore this observation and we argue that taking into account the community structure when testing can lead to significant savings in terms of the number of tests required to guarantee a given identification accuracy. To show that, we start with a simplistic (yet practical) infection model, where the entire population is organized in (possibly overlapping) communities and the infection probability of an individual depends on the communities (s)he participates in. Given this model, we compute new lower bounds on the number of tests for zero-error identification and design community-aware group testing algorithms that can be optimal under assumptions. Finally, we demonstrate significant benefits over traditional, community-agnostic group testing via simulations using both noiseless and noisy tests. Shorter versions of this article, which contained a subset of the material, were presented in the work by Nikolopoulos et al. (2021, 2021).
Efficient implementation of complex exponentially-modulated filter banks (2003)

In an Exponentially-Modulated Filter Bank (EMFB) the complex subfilters are generated from a real-valued prototype filter by multiplying the filter impulse response with complex exponential sequences. This allows the possibility of using block transforms with computationally fast algorithms. Our definition for the EMFB is based on the Extended Lapped Transform (ELT). Then we apply Fast ELT based algorithms for cosine-modulated and sine-modulated filter banks (CMFB, SMFB) as basic building blocks in the implementation of this complex filter bank. Alternatively, a modified polyphase structure with 2 branches can be used. The latter structure can be employed with non-perfect reconstruction filter bank designs that allow some additional degrees of freedom in the optimization. In this paper, we explore these alternative realization structures for CMFBs and SMFBs.
Statistical Aspects of CaCO3 Fouling in AISI 316 Stainless-Steel Tubes (1997)

Calcium carbonate fouling is typically encountered in a cooling-water circulating system. An experimental program is initiated to study fouling growth law (s) as well as the basic mechanism of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scaling. After a brief description of the experimental apparatus and procedure for calculating fouling resistance, we present the deposition data in terms of fouling resistance as a function of time taken at different sections of the tube. In addition, the randomness of fouling growth is illustrated by repeating the experiments several times under the same thermal-hydraulic conditions. The results are presented in terms of a set of sample functions and their associated probability density functions at various levels of fouling. In addition, basic mechanism of CaCO3 scale formation is also explained through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX).
Territorial Politics in France: le Calme avant la Tempête ? (2008)

Spire est le dépôt institutionnel de la production scientifique de Sciences Po et contient le texte intégral des articles, ouvrages, chapitres d’ouvrages, working papers et communications dans des conférences de la communauté académique de Sciences Po.
Use of Bioaugmentation To Stimulate Complete Reductive Dechlorination of Trichloroethene in Dover Soil Columns (1999)

Soil columns were constructed in support of the Remediation Technologies Development Forum accelerated biodegradation study at Dover Air Force Base to evaluate the impact of amendments on the anaerobic reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) in Dover soil. Dechlorination of TCE to cis-dichloroethene (c-DCE) was observed in the columns using lactate, lactate and methanol, butyrate, glutamate and 1,2-propanediol, or toluene as electron donors, in combination with vitamins and other supplemental nutrients. However, the c-DCE formed was not further dechlorinated using any of these amendments. Subsequent inoculation of two columns with a competent, non-native TCE-dechlorinating culture resulted in the dechlorination of TCE to ethene after 30 days. Once the culture was established, dechlorination of TCE to ethene was complete in the first several centimeters of the columns at TCE influent concentrations of 4 mg/L. The culture was also able to dechlorinate TCE to ethene when TCE influent concentrations were increased to 170 mg/L. These results suggest that a critical bacterial population was missing in these soils and that bioaugmentation is an appropriate remedial strategy under such circumstances.
Biological Actions and Metabolism of Currently Used Pharmacological Agents for the Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure (2009)

Congestive heart failure (CHF), a complex clinical syndrome with impaired cardiac pump function, occurs as a consequence of mechanical deformities (pressure and volume overload), myocardial abnormalities (neurohormonal disorders, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies, inflammation and loss of cardiomyocytes) and rhythmic defects (conduction disturbances, fibrillation and tachycardia). Several studies have demonstrated that chronic activation of sympathetic and renin-angiotensin systems, alteration in myocardial substrate utilization, increase in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration, development of oxidative stress, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased production of endothelin are responsible for the maladaptive cardiac and subcellular remodeling depending upon the type and stage of heart failure. A variety of pharmacological agents have been used to prevent the development and progression of CHF under different experimental and clinical settings. Although these drugs belong to specific classes, depending on their mechanism of action, individual drug biotransformation into different metabolites makes them distinct chemical moieties. Thorough understanding of biological effects of these pharmacological agents and metabolism is necessary to establish the basis for their preeminent use in clinical settings. The purpose of this review is to present a mechanistic understanding for the biological activities of different drugs used to treat CHF and to provide an insight of different metabolites formed after biotransformation of these chemical entities. Since development of CHF is a multifactorial and heterogeneous process, induction of combination regimens and improvement in patient compliance are the major challenges for future drug development.
T cells selectively filter oscillatory signals on the minutes timescale (2021)

T cells experience complex temporal patterns of stimulus via receptor-ligand-binding interactions with surrounding cells. From these temporal patterns, T cells are able to pick out antigenic signals while establishing self-tolerance. Although features such as duration of antigen binding have been examined, our understanding of how T cells interpret signals with different frequencies or temporal stimulation patterns is relatively unexplored. We engineered T cells to respond to light as a stimulus by building an optogenetically controlled chimeric antigen receptor (optoCAR). We discovered that T cells respond to minute-scale oscillations of activation signal by stimulating optoCAR T cells with tunable pulse trains of light. Systematically scanning signal oscillation period from 1 to 150 min revealed that expression of CD69, a T cell activation marker, reached a local minimum at a period of ∼25 min (corresponding to 5 to 15 min pulse widths). A combination of inhibitors and genetic knockouts suggest that this frequency filtering mechanism lies downstream of the Erk signaling branch of the T cell response network and may involve a negative feedback loop that diminishes Erk activity. The timescale of CD69 filtering corresponds with the duration of T cell encounters with self-peptide-presenting APCs observed via intravital imaging in mice, indicating a potential functional role for temporal filtering in vivo. This study illustrates that the T cell signaling machinery is tuned to temporally filter and interpret time-variant input signals in discriminatory ways.
Impaired fasting glucose with or without impaired glucose tolerance: progressive or parallel states of prediabetes? (2008)

Our objective was to determine whether defects underlying impaired fasting glucose (IFG) are maintained and additive when combined with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (representing a progressive form of prediabetes) or are distinct in IFG/IGT (reflecting a parallel form of prediabetes). Volunteers with IFG (n = 10), IFG/IGT (n = 14), or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 15) were matched for demographics and anthropometry. Insulin secretion was assessed using the glucose step-up protocol and insulin action through the use of a two-stage hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp with infusion of [6,6-(2)H(2)]glucose. Modeling of insulin secretory parameters revealed similar basal (Phi(b)) but diminished dynamic (Phi(d)) components in both IFG and IFG/IGT (P = 0.05 vs. NGT for both). Basal glucose rate of appearance (R(a)) was higher in IFG compared with NGT (P < 0.01) and also, surprisingly, with IFG/IGT (P < 0.04). Moreover, glucose R(a) suppressed more during the low-dose insulin clamp in IFG (P < 0.01 vs. NGT, P = 0.08 vs. IFG/IGT). Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake [glucose rate of disappearance (R(d))] was similar in IFG, IFG/IGT, and NGT throughout the clamp. We conclude that nuances of beta-cell dysfunction observed in IFG were also noted in IFG/IGT. A trend for additional insulin secretory defects was observed in IFG/IGT, possibly suggesting progression in beta-cell failure in this group. In contrast, basal glucose R(a) and its suppressability with insulin were higher in IFG, but not IFG/IGT, compared with NGT. Together, these data indicate that IFG/IGT may be a distinct prediabetic syndrome rather than progression from IFG.
Effect of Intraoperative Saline Fill Volume on Perioperative Outcomes in Tissue Expander Breast Reconstruction (2011)

A large tissue expander saline fill volume at the time of skin-sparing mastectomy is not independently associated with perioperative complications in patients undergoing immediate breast reconstruction, but it may contribute to complication risk.
Efficient and accurate synthesis of complex Bragg grating waveguide in dispersive silicon structures: publisher’s note (2019)

This publisher’s note corrects the funding section in J. Opt. Soc. Am. B35, 1921 (2018).JOBPDE0740-322410.1364/JOSAB.35.001921