gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LTE ‐Advanced Evolution (2019)

Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced Pro brings great enhancements in radio performance on top of LTE-Advanced: multi-Gbps data rates, higher spectral efficiency, and below-1-ms one-way latency. This chapter focuses on the features and the benefits of LTE-Advanced Pro. It briefly illustrates LTE technology timing and evolution. The chapter describes in more detail the technological components of LTE-Advanced Pro. It also presents benchmarking of 5G targets from Next Generation Mobile Network and ITU-R with LTE-Advanced Pro capabilities. The reference case in ITU considerations is IMT-Advanced. The chapter uses LTE-Advanced Release 12 as the reference case. It shows a summary of LTE-Advanced capability, LTE-Advanced Pro, and 5G targets. The chapter shows that LTE-Advanced Pro is able to fulfill in theory most of the 5G targets including data rate, latency, and mobility, but the data rate target requires so much spectrum that it is not available on the current LTE frequency bands.
Organosilicon Derivatives of Cyclic and High Polymeric Phosphazenes (1989)

This chapter contains sections titled: gem(Methyl-trimethylsilylmethyl)tetrachlorocyclotriphosphazene Poly[gem(methyltrimethylsilylmethyl)chlorophosphazene] Poly[gem(methyltrimethylsilylmethyl)trifluoroethoxy-phosphazene] Poly[gem(dimethyl)trifluoroethoxyphosphazene]
IL-2-dependent proliferation of murine T cells requires expression of both the p55 and p70 subunits of the IL-2 receptor. (1990)

An IL-4-dependent T cell clone (LD8) was isolated from the murine IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T cell line C30.1. This clone has lost the capacity to proliferate in response to IL-2 after long-term culture in IL-4. LD8 cells express the p70, but not the p55, subunit of the IL-2R on their cell surface. The number of p70 IL-2R molecules on LD8 cells is comparable with the number of high-affinity IL-2R on the parental C30.1 cell line. LD8 cells can efficiently internalize IL-2 through the p70 IL-2R subunit. Following stimulation by IL-2, LD8 cells up-regulate p70 IL-2R mRNA, but do not express p55 IL-2R mRNA. IL-2-dependent proliferation of LD8 cells was reconstituted after introduction and expression of a human p55 IL-2R cDNA. To further investigate the role of p70 IL-2R, we have measured IL-2-induced proliferation of C30.1 cells in the presence of three anti-p55 IL-2R mAb (5A2, PC61, and 7D4) that recognize different epitopes. Under the experimental conditions used, the combination of anti-p55 IL-2R mAb prevents the formation of high-affinity IL-2R, but does not affect the binding of IL-2 to p70 IL-2R or IL-2 internalization. However, these three mAb inhibit proliferation of C30.1 cells even in the presence of IL-2 concentrations sufficient to saturate p70 IL-2R. Together these results demonstrate that p70 IL-2R alone is not sufficient to transmit IL-2-induced growth signals and that formation of p55-p70 IL-2R complex is required for IL-2-dependent proliferation of murine T cells.
Colour gamut size and shape influence colour preference (2016)

Two psychophysical experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of colour gamut size and shape on colour preference. In the first, two side-by-side booths were designed to resemble a retail setting with clothing; in the second, a single booth was designed to resemble a restaurant setting, but also included a mirror to permit the observer's evaluation of skin tone. These settings were illuminated with two sets of sources, where, compared to a fixed reference, one set created modest chroma enhancement and the other set created greater increases in object chroma. Within each set, gamut shape varied, meaning different hues were saturated, even though, on average, the spectra created the same average increase in chroma. When objects were unfamiliar, as with the fabrics, all chroma-enhancing spectra were preferred to the fixed reference regardless of the gamut shapes. When familiar objects were present, such as food, observers were more discerning about changes in chroma and hue. We conclude that a graphic of gamut shape is an important adjunct to average measures of colour fidelity and gamut.
<title>Electrochromic switching with nanocrystalline TiO<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula> semiconductor films</title> (1994)

Forward biasing of transparent nanocrystalline TiO<SUB>2</SUB> (anatase) films in lithium ion containing organic electrolytes leads to rapid and reversible coloration due to electron accumulation and Li<SUP>+</SUP> intercalation in the anantase lattice. Absorption of > 90 percent light throughout the visible and near IR can be switched on and off within a few seconds. The nanocrystalline morphology of the film plays a primordial role in enhancing the electrochromic process. Preliminary results from the reduction of a surface attached viologen molecule leading to a blue coloration of the film are reported.
Ca[LiAlN2]: A Quaternary Nitridoaluminate (2012)

Abstract Ca[LiAlN 2 ] was synthesized from LiAlH 4 , LiN 3 , calcium, and lithium metal as fluxing agent in welded‐shut tantalum crucibles at 900 °C. The compound crystallizes in the form of transparent colorless platelets that undergo hydrolysis in air and under moisture. The crystal structure [ P 2 1 / c (no. 14), a = 5.7587(12) Å, b = 6.8773(14) Å, c = 5.7960(12) Å, β = 90.28(3)°, Z = 4] was solved from single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data and was confirmed with Rietveld refinement methods and lattice‐energy calculations (Madelung part of lattice energy, MAPLE). Ca[LiAlN 2 ] forms layers of edge‐ and vertex‐sharing AlN 4 tetrahedra isotypic with LiCaGaN 2 . Li + ions are positioned in tetrahedral voids within the [Al 2 N 2 N 4/2 ] layers resulting in a highly condensed structure of Al‐ and Li‐centered polyhedra.
The effect of direct and counter‐current flow‐through delignification on enzymatic hydrolysis of wheat straw, and flow limits due to compressibility (2016)

This article compares the processes for wheat straw lignocellulose fractionation by percolation, counter-current progressing batch percolation and batch reaction at low NaOH-loadings (3-6% of DM). The flow-through processes were found to improve delignification and subsequent enzymatic saccharification, reduce NaOH-consumption and allow reduction of thermal severity, whereas hemicellulose dissolution was unaffected. However, contrary to previous expectations, a counter-current process did not provide additional benefits to regular percolation. The compressibility and flow properties of a straw bed were determined and used for simulation of the packing density profile and dynamic pressure in an industrial scale column. After dissolution of 30% of the straw DM by delignification, a pressure drop above 100 kPa m<sup>-1</sup> led to clogging of the flow due to compaction of straw. Accordingly, the maximum applicable feed pressure and volumetric straw throughput was determined as a function of column height, indicating that a 10 m column can be operated at a maximum feed pressure of 530 kPa, corresponding to an operation time of 50 min and a throughput of 163 kg m<sup>-3</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> . Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 2605-2613. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Polymorphous Structures and Their Phase Relationships in a Main-Chain/Side-Chain Liquid Crystalline Polyester (2001)

A series of specially designed polyesters consisting of aromatic main-chain/side-chain liquid crystalline (LC) polymers for flat-panel display applications have been synthesized via polycondensation of 2,2‘-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4‘-biphenyldicarbonyl chloride with 2,2‘-bis{ω-[4-(4-cyanophenyl) phenyoxy]-n-alkoxycarbonyl}-4,4‘-biphenyldiol (PEFBP(n), where n is the number of methylene units in the side chains). For a PEFBP polyester of which a 4-cyanobiphenyl mesogen in each side chain is coupled with the aromatic backbone via seven methylene units, PEFBP(n=7), complicated polymorphism has been identified during its structural evolutions. On the basis of differential scanning calorimetry, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, electron diffraction (ED), polarized light, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments, it is found that this polymer possesses three triclinic crystalline (Kt1, Kt2, and Kt3) phases having the same symmetry but different unit cell dimensions, one highly ordered LC smectic phase having an orthorhombic (SKO) structure, and one nematic (N) phase. Both of the triclinic Kt1 and Kt3 structures are also confirmed by the ED results. Investigations of thermodynamic phase stability relationships indicate that when PEFBP(n=7) is crystallized from the N phase, the Kt1 phase forms. During heating, this Kt1 phase transfers to the Kt3 phase via reorganization and melting/recrystallization before it enters the N phase. However, when the sample is first cooled to below 130 °C to form the SKO phase, the Kt2 phase develops during heating. Further heating the Kt2 phase leads to a transformation to the Kt3 phase at high temperatures via, again, reorganization and melting/recrystallization. Nevertheless, no apparent transformation between the Kt1 and Kt2 phases is experimentally observed. Polarized infrared spectroscopy experimental results indicate that the aromatic polyester backbones and 4-cyanobiphenyl mesogens are parallel to each other and packed into one crystal unit cell. TEM observations show different morphological characteristics of the Kt1 and Kt3 phases. It is concluded that the Kt3 phase is the thermodynamically most stable phase, and the Kt1 and Kt2 phases are metastable. These two phases can be experimentally accessed only because the crystallization rate of the Kt3 phase is much slower than those of the Kt1 and Kt2 phases.
EFFECT OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN ON THE CELLULAR CONTENT OF MOUSE PERITONEAL FLUID (1975)

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and *Anatomy, Hahnemann Medical College and Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19102, U.S.A. (Received 9 September 1974) Since the cellular composition of peritoneal fluid is altered by species, sex (Davis & McGowan, 1968), the oestrous (McGowan & Davis, 1968) and menstrual cycles (McGowan, Davis, Stein, Bebon & Vaskelis, 1968) as well as pregnancy (McGowan, Davis & Kriesler, 1968; McGowan & Davis, 1969), we believe that the cellular content of peritoneal fluid is affected in a characteristic manner by administration of hormones. Testosterone injected into castrated mice increases the percentages of mesothelial cells and histiocytes in serous fluid, with a corresponding decrease in bare nuclei (Davis, McGowan & Villanueva, 1969). On the other hand, oestrogen given to ovariectomized mice reduces the proportion of mesothelial cells and causes 'daisy cells' to appear in aspirated fluid (McGowan & Davis, 1970). Subcutaneous administration of cortisone also decreases the proportions of mesothelial
Data-parallel finite-state machines (2014)

A finite-state machine (FSM) is an important abstraction for solving several problems, including regular-expression matching, tokenizing text, and Huffman decoding. FSM computations typically involve data-dependent iterations with unpredictable memory-access patterns making them difficult to parallelize. This paper describes a parallel algorithm for FSMs that breaks dependences across iterations by efficiently enumerating transitions from all possible states on each input symbol. This allows the algorithm to utilize various sources of data parallelism available on modern hardware, including vector instructions and multiple processors/cores. For instance, on benchmarks from three FSM applications: regular expressions, Huffman decoding, and HTML tokenization, the parallel algorithm achieves up to a 3x speedup over optimized sequential baselines on a single core, and linear speedups up to 21x on 8 cores.
Secure pairing of interface constrained devices (2009)

Secure initial pairing of electronic gadgets is a challenging problem because of the usual lack of a common security infrastructure and the threat of so-called Man-in-the-Middle (MiTM) attacks. A number of techniques have been proposed to address the problem, but many are not applicable to devices lacking required interfaces, such as displays or speakers. In this paper, we introduce a new secure device pairing concept that involves using the human body either as the communication medium for – or the source of – the common secret. We implement the concept as a suite of practical pairing protocols for interface constrained devices.
Free radical-mediated targeting and immobilization of coupled payloads (2019)

Targeted drug delivery is a promising approach to enhance the accumulation of therapies in diseased tissues while limiting off-site effects. Ligand-receptor interactions are traditionally identified to deliver therapies, and although specific, this can be costly and often suffers from limited sensitivity. An emerging approach is to target intermediary species that modulate disease progression. Here, we propose novel methods of targeting therapies by using native free radicals as a homing signal. Elevated concentrations of free radicals are a characteristic comorbidity of many different diseases. In polymer chemistry, free radicals are frequently used to initiate crosslinking reactions. We proposed that free radicals elevated in injury sites are capable of inducing crosslinking of acrylate groups on polymer chains. Coupling payloads to the polymer then allow for specific targeting of therapies to areas with elevated free radicals. We demonstrate <i>in vitro</i> proof-of-principle of this approach. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiated crosslinking of acrylated PEGs, which immobilized a fluorescent payload within tissue mimics. The cross-linking efficiency and immobilization potential varied with the polymer chain length, suggesting that a tuneable platform can be achieved. Together these results provide promising proof-of-concept for using free radicals to specifically target and sustain nearly endless payloads to disease sites.
Quench protection system for an HTS coil that uses Cu tape co-wound with an HTS tape (2019)

Abstract A quench protection system for a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) coil using Cu tape co-wound with an HTS tape was studied by numerical analysis using a thermal model of a coil winding pack. In normal operation, the voltage across the resistive zone V s in the HTS coil was monitored by measuring the voltage difference between the HTS coil and the co-wound Cu coil. When V s exceeded the quench detection voltage, the HTS coil was disconnected from the power supply and the energy stored in the HTS coil was dumped into a dump resistor. At the same time, the terminals of the co-wound coil were connected to another resistor, and some of the current in the HTS coil was quickly transferred to the co-wound Cu tape coil due to the tight magnetic coupling of both coils. This is expected to decrease the hot-spot temperature due to the quick decrease of HTS coil current and to protect the coil from damage caused by overheating at the hot-spot. The analysis investigated the effectiveness of this method.
CO +  B  2 Σ + (ν=0) emission induced by laser excitation of neutral CO at 230 nm (2001)

We observed emission from electronically excited CO+ B 2Σ+(ν=0) after laser excitation of ground-state CO with a picosecond dye laser. The laser frequency was tuned to the CO two-photon transition X 1Σ+(ν″=0)→→B 1Σ+(ν′=0) at 230 nm, resulting in 2+1 resonance-enhanced ionization of CO with production of CO+ X 2Σ+, followed by resonant excitation of the one-photon X 2Σ+(ν+′=1)→B 2Σ+(ν+=0) transition in CO+. We provide direct evidence for this process by detecting CO+ B 2Σ+(ν+=0)→X 2Σ+ emission after the laser excitation. An analysis of the pulse-energy and pressure dependence of the CO+ emission is presented to derive collisional quenching rate coefficients for CO+ B 2Σ+.
Correlation measurements using clipped laser speckle (1986)

Clipped laser speckle is used to measure the correlation of time-varying laser speckle. As with standard intensity correlation, clipped speckle is correlated to determine the magnitude of the correlation coefficient. The simple nature of clipped speckle permits high-speed measurements of correlation and velocity. A closed form approximation to the clipped correlation function valid for arbitrary clipping thresholds is presented. The approximation is used to make correlation measurements on speckle from a rotating diffuser using a 2-D random access detector array.
FPGA-Chain: Enabling Holistic Protection of FPGA Supply Chain With Blockchain Technology (2022)

Field-programmable gate array (FPGA) bitstream reverse engineering and counterfeiting is a pertinent challenge in the modern hardware supply chain. To this end, this article proposes a blockchain-based technology to foster authenticity and integrity of the FPGA supply chain for trustworthy traceability. The proposed approach is transformative in being able to detect counterfeit FPGA chips and bitstreams using state-of-the-art blockchain technologies.—Kanad Basu, The University of Texas at Dallas
Sufficient Immunosuppression with Thymoglobulin Is Essential for a Successful Haplo-Myeloid Bridge in Haploidentical-Cord Blood Transplantation (2015)

In haploidentical (haplo)-cord blood (CB) transplantations, early haplo donor engraftment serves as a myeloid bridge to sustainable CB engraftment and is associated with early neutrophil recovery. The conditioning regimens as published for haplo-cord protocols usually contain serotherapy, such as rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) (Thymoglobulin, Genzyme, Cambridge, MA). However, reducing or omitting serotherapy is an important strategy to improve early immune reconstitution after transplantation. The need for serotherapy in successful haplo-cord transplantation, defined as having a haplo-derived myeloid bridge to CB engraftment, has not been investigated before. Two consecutive cohorts of patients underwent transplantation with haplo-CB. The first group underwent transplantation with haplo-CB for active infection and/or an underlying condition with expected difficult engraftment without a conventional donor available. They received a single unit (s) CB and haplo donor cells (CD34(+) selected, 5 × 10(6) CD34(+)/kg). The second cohort included patients with poor-risk malignancies, not eligible for other treatment protocols. They received a sCB and haplo donor cells (CD19/αβTCR-depleted; 5 × 10(6) CD34(+)/kg). Retrospectively in both cohorts, active ATG (Thymoglobulin) levels were measured and post-hematopoietic cell transplantation area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. The influence of ATG exposure for having a successful haplo-myeloid bridge (early haplo donor engraftment before CB engraftment and no secondary neutropenia) and transplantation-related mortality (TRM) were analyzed as primary endpoints. Twenty patients were included (16 in the first cohort and 4 in the second cohort). In 58% of evaluable patients, there was no successful haplo-derived myeloid bridge to CB engraftment, for which a low post-transplantation ATG exposure appeared to be a predictor (P <.001). TRM in the unsuccessful haplo-bridge group was 70% ± 16% versus 12% ± 12% in the successful haplo-bridge group (P = .012). In conclusion, sufficient in vivo T depletion with ATG is required for a successful haplo-myeloid bridge to CB engraftment.
Volcanic activities triggered or inhibited by resonance of volcanic edifices to large earthquakes (2018)

The existence of a causal link between large earthquakes and volcanic unrest is widely accepted. Recent observations have also revealed counterintuitive negative responses of volcanoes to large earthquakes, including decreased gas emissions and subsidence in volcanic areas. In order to explore the mechanisms that could simultaneously explain both the positive and negative responses of volcanic activity to earthquakes, we here focus on the role played by topography. In the laboratory, we shook a volcanic edifice analogue, made of gel, previously injected with a buoyant fluid. We find that shaking triggers rapid migration of the buoyant fluid upward, downward, or laterally, depending on the fluid’s buoyancy and storage depth; bubbly fluids stored at shallow depth ascend, while low-buoyancy fluids descend or migrate laterally. The migration of fluids induced by shaking is two orders of magnitude faster than without shaking. Downward or lateral fluid migration may decrease volcanic gas emissions and cause subsidence as a negative response, while upward migration is consistent both with an increase in volcanic activity and immediate unrest (deformation and seismicity) after large earthquakes. The fluid migration is more efficient when the oscillation frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the edifice. The resonance frequency for a 30-km-wide volcanic mountain range, such as those where subsidence was observed, is ∼0.07 Hz. Only large earthquakes are able to cause oscillation at such low frequencies.
THESE JUMBLED REMAINS: REVEALING THE SECRETS OF ROADWAY SAFETY AND HOMELAND SECURITY (2004)

Breakaway sign posts, breakaway light poles and crash cushions that are routinely used on roads worldwide were first developed at the Texas Transportation Institutes (TTIs) Proving Ground Research Facility in Texas. This article profiles the Proving Grounds, discussing how the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) financing in the 1960s opened the center and connected it with Texas A&M University. The article relates how research in 1964 shifted from preventing crashes to focusing on causing safety-related crashes for research. Considered as a world-class center of safety research, the facilitys program now has highway safety occupying 75 percent of the current research focus, while 25 percent is dedicated to homeland security. Much of the work involves testing fortifications for sensitive locations, while other efforts are focused on ensuring that gates, retractable bollards, and additional methods for stopping potential vehicle bombs comply with federal standards.
Stochastic Multiple Stream Decoding of Cortex Codes (2011)

Being one of the most efficient solutions to implement forward error correction (FEC) decoders based on belief propagation, stochastic processing is thus a method worthy of consideration when addressing the decoding of emerging codes such as Cortex codes. This code family offers short block codes with large Hamming distances. Unfortunately, their construction introduces many hidden variables making them difficult to be efficiently decoded with digital circuits implementing the Sum-Product algorithm. With the introduction of multiple stochastic streams, the proposed solution alleviates the hidden variables problem thus yielding decoding performances close to optimal. Morevover, this new stochastic architecture is more efficient in terms of complexity-throughput ratio compared to recently published stochastic decoders using either edge or tracking forecast memories.
Dynamic Markov random fields for stochastic modeling of visual attention (2008)

This report proposes a new stochastic model of visual attention to predict the likelihood of where humans typically focus on a video scene. The proposed model is composed of a dynamic Bayesian network that simulates and combines a person’s visual saliency response and eye movement patterns to estimate the most probable regions of attention. Dynamic Markov random field (MRF) models are newly introduced to include spatiotemporal relationships of visual saliency responses. Experimental results have revealed that the propose model outperforms the previous deterministic model and the stochastic model without dynamic MRF in predicting human visual attention.
Distributed Sensing for Shrinkage and Tension-Stiffening Measurement (2017)

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