gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel materials for stable perovskite solar cells (Presentation Recording) (2015)

Organic-inorganic perovskites are quickly overrunning research activities in new materials for cost-effective and high-efficiency photovoltaic technologies. Since the first demonstration from Kojima and co-workers in 2009, several perovskite-based solar cells have been reported and certified with rapidly improving power conversion efficiency. Recent reports demonstrate that perovskites can compete with the most efficient inorganic materials, while they still allow processing from solution as potential advantage to deliver a cost-effective solar technology. Compare to the impressive progress in power conversion efficiency, stability studies are rather poor and often controversial. An intrinsic complication comes from the fact that the stability of perovskite solar cells is strongly affected by any small difference in the device architecture, preparation procedure, materials composition and testing procedure. In the present talk we will focus on the stability of perovskite solar cells in working condition. We will discuss a measuring protocol to extract reliable and reproducible ageing data. We will present new materials and preparation procedures which improve the device lifetime without giving up on high power conversion efficiency.
Photoconduction in Annealed and Chemically Treated CdSe/ZnS Inorganic Nanocrystal Films (2008)

We present a study of photoconductivity in close-packed films of CdSe/ZnS core/shell nanocrystals, from which the majority of the organic ligands are removed. The ZnS inorganic shells separate the CdSe cores, and passivate the surface of the CdSe nanocrystals, slowing the nonradiative exciton decay rate. These films retain the size-dependent quantum-confined electronic properties of the nanocrystals, including the tunability of their band gap. We demonstrate that replacing the organic ligands, which form the tunnel barrier between nanocrystals in films of CdSe nanocrystals, with the inorganic ZnS shell results in photoconduction with near unity internal quantum efficiency at room temperature.
Selective inhibition of chymotrypsin-like activity of the immunoproteasome and constitutive proteasome in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2010)

Proteasome inhibition represents a valid antitumor approach and its use has been validated in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM), where bortezomib has been successfully tested in clinical trials. Nevertheless, a significant fraction of patients relapses, and many present toxicity due to its off-target effects. Selective inhibition of the chymotrypsin-like (CT-L) activity of constitutive proteasome 20S (c20S) and immunoproteasome 20S (i20S) represents a sufficient and successful strategy to induce antineoplastic effect in hematologic tumors. We therefore studied ONX0912, a novel selective, irreversible inhibitor of the CT-L activity of i20S and c20S. Primary WM cells express higher level of i20S compared with c20S, and that ONX0912 inhibited the CT-L activity of both i20S and c20S, leading to induction of toxicity in primary WM cells, as well as of apoptosis through c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation, nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibition, caspase cleavage, and initiation of the unfolded protein response. Importantly, ONX0912 exerted toxicity in WM cells, by reducing bone marrow (BM)-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) secretion, thus inhibiting BM-induced p-Akt and phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK) activation in WM cells. These findings suggest that targeting i20S and c20S CT-L activity by ONX0912 represents a valid antitumor therapy in WM.
Distributed Approach for DC Optimal Power Flow Calculations (2014)

The trend in the electric power system is to move towards increased amounts of distributed resources which suggests a transition from the current highly centralized to a more distributed control structure. In this paper, we propose a method which enables a fully distributed solution of the DC Optimal Power Flow problem (DC-OPF), i.e. the generation settings which minimize cost while supplying the load and ensuring that all line flows are below their limits are determined in a distributed fashion. The approach consists of a distributed procedure that aims at solving the first order optimality conditions in which individual bus optimization variables are iteratively updated through simple local computations and information is exchanged with neighboring entities. In particular, the update for a specific bus consists of a term which takes into account the coupling between the neighboring Lagrange multiplier variables and a local innovation term that enforces the demand/supply balance. The buses exchange information on the current update of their multipliers and the bus angle with their neighboring buses. An analytical proof is given that the proposed method converges to the optimal solution of the DC-OPF. Also, the performance is evaluated using the IEEE Reliability Test System as a test case.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Combination of YM155, a Survivin Suppressant, with Bendamustine and Rituximab: A New Combination Therapy to Treat Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 63KB&lt;/p&gt;
T-TER: Defeating A2 Trojans with Targeted Tamper-Evident Routing (2019)

Since the inception of the Integrated Circuit (IC), the size of the transistors used to construct them has continually shrunk. While this advancement significantly improves computing capability, fabrication costs have skyrocketed. As a result, most IC designers must now outsource fabrication. Outsourcing, however, presents a security threat: comprehensive post-fabrication inspection is infeasible given the size of modern ICs, so it is nearly impossible to know if the foundry has altered the original design during fabrication (i.e., inserted a hardware Trojan). Defending against a foundry-side adversary is challenging because---even with as few as two gates---hardware Trojans can completely undermine software security. Researchers have attempted to both detect and prevent foundry-side attacks, but all existing defenses are ineffective against Trojans with footprints of a few gates or less. We present Targeted Tamper-Evident Routing (T-TER), a preventive layout-level defense against untrusted foundries, capable of thwarting the insertion of even the stealthiest hardware Trojans. T-TER is directed and routing-centric: it prevents foundry-side attackers from routing Trojan wires to, or directly adjacent to, security-critical wires by shielding them with guard wires. Unlike shield wires commonly deployed for cross-talk reduction, T-TER guard wires pose an additional technical challenge: they must be tamper-evident in both the digital (deletion attacks) and analog (move and jog attacks) domains. We address this challenge by developing a class of designed-in guard wires, that are added to the design specifically to protect security-critical wires. T-TER's guard wires incur minimal overhead, scale with design complexity, and provide tamper-evidence against attacks.
Online Frequency Prediction of Renewable Energy Power System Based on DPGMM-LSTM (2022)

The rising proportion of renewable energy sources installed and the new grid structure of AC/DC hybrid increase the risk of frequency instability of renewable energy power system after disturbance. It is urgent to carry out online prediction of frequency response curve after disturbance. The traditional model driven frequency prediction method has the contradiction between calculation speed and accuracy, which is difficult to meet the demand of online frequency prediction under complex and changeable operation mode and disturbance conditions. Therefore, in this paper, deep learning is introduced into the study of frequency online prediction after disturbance, and an online prediction method of frequency response curve based on DPGMM-LSTM is proposed. Firstly, DPGMM is used to cluster the control mode of renewable energy power station and add it to the model training feature set, and then LSTM asynchronous sequence to sequence mode is used as the prediction framework to realize the online rolling prediction of frequency curve of renewable energy power system. The performance of the proposed method is tested based on IEEE 10-machine 39-bus system, and the simulation results verify the advantages of the proposed method.
Mixed Quantum Mechanical/Molecular Mechanical (QM/MM) Study of the Deacylation Reaction in a Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP) versus in a Class C β-Lactamase (2004)

The origin of the substantial difference in deacylation rates for acyl-enzyme intermediates in penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) and beta-lactamases has remained an unsolved puzzle whose solution is of great importance to understanding bacterial antibiotic resistance. In this work, accurate, large-scale mixed ab initio quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations have been used to study the hydrolysis of acyl-enzyme intermediates formed between cephalothin and the dd-peptidase of Streptomyces sp. R61, a PBP, and the Enterobacter cloacae P99 cephalosporinase, a class C beta-lactamase. Qualitative and, in the case of P99, quantitative agreement was achieved with experimental kinetics. The faster rate of deacylation in the beta-lactamase is attributed to a more favorable electrostatic environment around Tyr150 in P99 (as compared to that for Tyr159 in R61) which facilitates this residue's function as the general base. This is found to be in large part accomplished by the ability of P99 to covalently bind the ligand without concurrent elimination of hydrogen bonds to Tyr150, which proves not to be the case with Tyr159 in R61. This work provides an essential foundation for further work in this area, such as selecting mutations capable of converting the PBP into a beta-lactamase.
A Business-Oriented Approach to the Design of Feedback Loops for Performance Management (2001)

This paper proposes an approach to automated enforcement of service level agreements (SLAs) by constructing information technology (IT) level feedback loops (e.g., admission control, CPU scheduling, load balancing) that achieve business objectives, especially maximizing SLA profits. We develop a framework in which profits are determined by revenues accrued for services delivered (e.g., completed transactions) and rebates to customers if services are unavailable or violate response time constraints. A methodology is described for profit-oriented controller design, and the methodology is applied to a Lotus Notes email server. The methodology relies heavily on modeling design choices to reduce the need for running live experiments. We show that simple linear models suffice to capture the dynamics of the email server we study, even for a time varying workload. In addition, our studies suggest that faster controllers (those with short settling times) consistently provide the best profits since they violate response time constraints less often and they do not sacrifice as much revenue. Last, our studies show that the selection of controller reference value has a significant impact on profits.
Hepatitis C: Antiviral Drug Discovery and Development. Edited by Seng‐Lai Tan and Yupeng He. (2011)

Caister Academic Press, Norwich 2011. X+390 pp., hardcover £ 180.00.—ISBN 978-1-90445-578-3
InGaAs-OI Substrate Fabrication on a 300 mm Wafer (2016)

In this work, we demonstrate for the first time a 300-mm indium–gallium–arsenic (InGaAs) wafer on insulator (InGaAs-OI) substrates by splitting in an InP sacrificial layer. A 30-nm-thick InGaAs layer was successfully transferred using low temperature direct wafer bonding (DWB) and Smart CutTM technology. Three key process steps of the integration were therefore specifically developed and optimized. The first one was the epitaxial growing process, designed to reduce the surface roughness of the InGaAs film. Second, direct wafer bonding conditions were investigated and optimized to achieve non-defective bonding up to 600 °C. Finally, we adapted the splitting condition to detach the InGaAs layer according to epitaxial stack specifications. The paper presents the overall process flow that achieved InGaAs-OI, the required optimization, and the associated characterizations, namely atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM), and HR-XRD, to insure the crystalline quality of the post transferred layer.
Control of Quadrotors for Robust Perching and Landing (2010)

While the use of micro unmanned vehicles is steadily increasing, there are currently no viable approaches for perching and holding on to landing pads. We describe the design, control, and planning methodologies to enable perching. Our work builds on an off-the-shelf UAV and motion capture system and addresses (a) the design and fabrication of a claw or gripping mechanism for perching; and (b) planning and control algorithms for perching. We show experimental results illustrating the robustness of our algorithms and the performance envelope for grasping and perching.
Light: A Magical Tool for Controlled Drug Delivery (2020)

Light is a particularly appealing tool for on-demand drug delivery due to its noninvasive nature, ease of application and exquisite temporal and spatial control. Great progress has been achieved in the development of novel light-driven drug delivery strategies with both breadth and depth. Light-controlled drug delivery platforms can be generally categorized into three groups: photochemical, photothermal, and photoisomerization-mediated therapies. Various advanced materials, such as metal nanoparticles, metal sulfides and oxides, metal-organic frameworks, carbon nanomaterials, upconversion nanoparticles, semiconductor nanoparticles, stimuli-responsive micelles, polymer- and liposome-based nanoparticles have been applied for light-stimulated drug delivery. In view of the increasing interest in on-demand targeted drug delivery, we review the development of light-responsive systems with a focus on recent advances, key limitations, and future directions.
A roadmap for medical device innovation (2017)

Many ob/gyns will have ideas for novel medical devices, but most have no idea what is involved in bringing products to market. Jon Einarsson, MD, PhD, MPH, discusses some considerations when evaluating whether or not to turn an idea into something more.
Ultrathin polymer membranes for high throughput CO2 capture (2011)

Robust ultrathin polymer membranes offer significant technical and economic advantage over conventional carbon capture methods due to their potential for high throughput, high selectivity, and relative ease of implementation. We have been developing a simple, ultrathin, polymer membrane system to capture CO2 from post-combustion industrial exhaust streams. The approach involves nano-engineered membrane fabrication using an LLNL-developed solvent-less vapor deposition followed by in-situ polymerization (SLIP) process. The SLIP process vapor deposits ultrathin polymer films onto high throughput substrates to fabricate composite membranes. Single component gas permeation tests for PMDA-ODA films with thicknesses between 100–1000 nm were conducted. Permeability was found to be in the 30–100 Barrer range while maintaining CO2/N2 selectivity of ∼20:1. Membrane performance may be enhanced via improved film quality, reduced thickness, the development of new materials which are compatible with the SLIP process, and a modeling effort to understand the underlying transport phenomena within the membrane material.
Targeting the Wnt signaling pathway to treat Barrett’s esophagus (2007)

Barrett's esophagus (BE) is an acquired condition in which the normal squamous epithelium in the distal esophagus is replaced by a metaplastic columnar epithelium, as a complication of chronic gastroesophageal reflux. The clinical significance of this disease is its associated predisposition to esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). Recently, and similarly to other human malignancies, the Wnt signaling pathway and its key component beta-catenin have been implicated in the carcinogenesis of BE. Although mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) or beta-catenin are rare in EAC, alterations of upstream components, such as overexpression of Wnt2 ligand or downregulation of Wnt antagonists may play dominant roles in the activation of the Wnt pathway. Increasing evidence suggests that inhibiting the Wnt pathway may be a new targeted therapy for the treatment of cancers and could, therefore, be promising for the cure of EAC, which remains a highly lethal disease.
A Multifunctional LNA Oligonucleotide-Based Strategy Blocks AR Expression and Transactivation Activity in PCa Cells (2020)

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) through the activation of androgen-induced cellular proliferation genes. Thus, blocking AR-mediated transcriptional activation is expected to inhibit the growth and spread of PCa. Using tailor-made splice-switching locked nucleic acid (LNA) oligonucleotides (SSOs), we successfully redirected splicing of the AR precursor (pre-)mRNA and destabilized the transcripts via the introduction of premature stop codons. Furthermore, the SSOs simultaneously favored production of the AR45 mRNA in lieu of the full-length AR. AR45 is an AR isoform that can attenuate the activity of both full-length and oncogenic forms of AR by binding to their common N-terminal domain (NTD), thereby blocking their transactivation potential. A large screen was subsequently used to identify individual SSOs that could best perform this dual function. The selected SSOs powerfully silence AR expression and modulate the expression of AR-responsive cellular genes. This bi-functional strategy that uses a single therapeutic molecule can be the basis for novel PCa treatments. It might also be customized to other types of therapies that require the silencing of one gene and the simultaneous expression of a different isoform.
Ion Entanglement in Quantum Information Processing (2004)

Quantum entanglement, in which the physical properties of particles become correlated, is an essential property of quantum information systems. In their Perspective, [Cory and Havel][1] discuss results reported in the same issue by [ Roos et al .][2] and by [ Leibfried et al .][3] in which trapped ions were put into entangled quantum states. The two complementary studies show that substantial progress is being made in quantum information processing and point to practical applications of entangled states.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/304/5676/1456
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5676/1478
 [3]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/304/5676/1476
Frontotemporal Regulation of Subjective Value to Suppress Impulsivity in Intertemporal Choices (2020)

Impulsive decisions arise from preferring smaller but sooner rewards compared with larger but later rewards. How neural activity and attention to choice alternatives contribute to reward decisions during temporal discounting is not clear. Here we probed (1) attention to and (2) neural representation of delay and reward information in humans (both sexes) engaged in choices. We studied behavioral and frequency-specific dynamics supporting impulsive decisions on a fine-grained temporal scale using eye tracking and MEG recordings. In one condition, participants had to decide for themselves but pretended to decide for their best friend in a second prosocial condition, which required perspective taking. Hence, conditions varied in the value for themselves versus that pretending to choose for another person. Stronger impulsivity was reliably found across three independent groups for prosocial decisions. Eye tracking revealed a systematic shift of attention from the delay to the reward information and differences in eye tracking between conditions predicted differences in discounting. High-frequency activity (175-250 Hz) distributed over right frontotemporal sensors correlated with delay and reward information in consecutive temporal intervals for high value decisions for oneself but not the friend. Collectively, the results imply that the high-frequency activity recorded over frontotemporal MEG sensors plays a critical role in choice option integration.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Humans face decisions between sooner smaller rewards and larger later rewards daily. An objective benefit of losing weight over a longer time might be devalued in face of ice cream because they prefer currently available options because of insufficiently considering long-term alternatives. The degree of contribution of neural representation and attention to choice alternatives is not clear. We investigated correlates of such decisions in participants deciding for themselves or pretending to choose for a friend. Behaviorally participants discounted less in self-choices compared with the prosocial condition. Eye movement and MEG recordings revealed how participants represent choice options most evident for options with high subjective value. These results advance our understanding of neural mechanisms underlying decision-making in humans.
Intestinal Bacteria Modify Lymphoma Incidence and Latency by Affecting Systemic Inflammatory State, Oxidative Stress, and Leukocyte Genotoxicity (2013)

Ataxia-telangiectasia is a genetic disorder associated with high incidence of B-cell lymphoma. Using an ataxia-telangiectasia mouse model, we compared lymphoma incidence in several isogenic mouse colonies harboring different bacterial communities, finding that intestinal microbiota are a major contributor to disease penetrance and latency, lifespan, molecular oxidative stress, and systemic leukocyte genotoxicity. High-throughput sequence analysis of rRNA genes identified mucosa-associated bacterial phylotypes that were colony-specific. Lactobacillus johnsonii, which was deficient in the more cancer-prone mouse colony, was causally tested for its capacity to confer reduced genotoxicity when restored by short-term oral transfer. This intervention decreased systemic genotoxicity, a response associated with reduced basal leukocytes and the cytokine-mediated inflammatory state, and mechanistically linked to the host cell biology of systemic genotoxicity. Our results suggest that intestinal microbiota are a potentially modifiable trait for translational intervention in individuals at risk for B-cell lymphoma, or for other diseases that are driven by genotoxicity or the molecular response to oxidative stress.
F2CS: FSSP to CATH and SCOP prediction server (2004)

The site contains links to additional figures and tables.
Minimum loss operation of high-frequency inductors (2018)

This paper investigates the losses of a power inductor employed in a 2kW, 400V input DC-DC converter, in dependency of key operating parameters, i.e. switching frequency and current ripple. Based on detailed high-frequency winding and core loss models, including the implications of DC-bias, temperature and frequency on the core losses, and an analytic thermal model, a minimum loss inductor is designed for each combination of switching frequency, f, and current ripple, r. In the course of the optimization, the core (E55, N87) and the winding (litz wire, 100 μm) are considered given. Surprisingly, the evaluation of the losses calculated in the f-r domain reveals that nearly minimum inductor losses are obtained for a current ripple that is inversely proportional to the frequency, i.e., for a constant inductance. Further detailed investigations of the calculated inductor losses reveal a decrease of the losses for increasing frequencies up to a very high frequency of 500 kHz. In this regard, at f = 100kHz, minimum total losses of 4.0W result for r = 45%, which can be reduced to 1.8W at f = 500 kHz for r = 10%. Finally, the sensitivities of the losses with regard to different litz wires (71 μm, 200 μm) and a different core (E42, N87) are examined and a design guidance is extracted that summarizes the main findings of the detailed investigation. A calorimetric measurement set-up is used to measure the losses of a realized inductor at different operating points in order to confirm the theoretical considerations.