gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promoting Hydroxyl Radical Production during Ozonation of Municipal Wastewater (2014)

Hydroxyl radical (HO•) production during ozonation of municipal wastewater was investigated with and without liquid or solid-phase promoters. For liquid-phase promoters, an “ozone dose threshold” was observed, below which addition of H2O2 yielded no discernible increase in the rate of HO• production. This threshold occurs because ozonation of bulk organics in wastewater promotes HO• due to the presence of ambient promoters. Although solid-phase catalysts are reported to promote oxidation of contaminants, ozonation of effluent over TiO2 or GAC was no more effective on trace organic removal than over inert surfaces.
Description and verification of RTL designs using multiway decision graphs (2002)

Traditional OBDD-based methods of automated verification suffer from, the drawback that they require a binary representation of the circuit. Multiway Decision Graphs (MDGs) combine the advantages of OBDD techniques with those of abstract types. RTL designs can be compactly described by MDGs using abstract data values and uninterpreted function symbols. We have developed MDG-based techniques for combinational verification, reachability analysis, verification of behavioral equivalence, and verification of a microprocessor against its instruction set architecture. We report on the results of several verification experiments using our MDG package.
Supplementary Figures 1-3, Table 1 from Interaction of Developmental Transcription Factor HOXC11 with Steroid Receptor Coactivator SRC-1 Mediates Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3, Table 1 from Interaction of Developmental Transcription Factor HOXC11 with Steroid Receptor Coactivator SRC-1 Mediates Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Breast Cancer
PixelVAE++: Improved PixelVAE with Discrete Prior (2019)

Constructing powerful generative models for natural images is a challenging task. PixelCNN models capture details and local information in images very well but have limited receptive field. Variational autoencoders with a factorial decoder can capture global information easily, but they often fail to reconstruct details faithfully. PixelVAE combines the best features of the two models and constructs a generative model that is able to learn local and global structures. Here we introduce PixelVAE++, a VAE with three types of latent variables and a PixelCNN++ for the decoder. We introduce a novel architecture that reuses a part of the decoder as an encoder. We achieve the state of the art performance on binary data sets such as MNIST and Omniglot and achieve the state of the art performance on CIFAR-10 among latent variable models while keeping the latent variables informative.
Requisite design volume of a wire inverted-F antenna inside a smartphone terminal (2014)

This study presents a concept of requisite design antenna volume to evaluate the space-saving effectiveness in the design of a wire inverted-F antennas (IFA) inside a smartphone terminal. By adjusting properly the loading position, the IFAs shape, and the deployment of other device components around the IFAs, we propose an antenna model that can both cover completely the two cellular bands and save its required design space most effectively inside the terminal. The IFA is fed by only one port, and no matching circuit is used in the design.
Inflammatory Mediators (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Inflammatory Mediators in Sepsis Inflammatory Mediators in Non-infectious SIRS Conclusion References
Lumpers or Splitters? The Role of Molecular Diagnosis in Leber Congenital Amaurosis (2006)

Clarification and classification of the congenital form of blindness known as Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) continues to provide its challenges and dilemmas. Until recently, seven genes have been identified that cause LCA. Clarifying the relation between LCA and associated neurological abnormalities such as autism, seizures, and hypotony, and unraveling the relationship between the ocular LCA phenotype and that associated with distinct systemic entities such as Joubert syndrome, Senior-Loken syndrome and Saldino-Mainzer syndrome has taken on new importance with the discovery that a substantial proportion of patients with LCA have mutations in the CEP290 gene that causes Joubert syndrome. This commentary explores the implications of this recent discovery and revisits the classification of LCA.
Scalable Visual Data Exploration of Large Data Sets via MultiResolution (2020)

During the last decade Visual Exploration and Visual Data Mining techniques have proven to be of high value in exploratory data analysis since they combine human visual perception and recognition capabilities with the enormous storage capacity and the computational power of today's computer systems in order to detect patterns and trends in the data. But the ever increasing mass of information leads to new challenges on visualization techniques and concepts. Due to technological progress in computer power and storage capacity today's scientific and commercial applications are capable of generating, storing and processing massive amounts of data. Most existing visualization metaphors and concepts do not scale well on such large data sets as interaction capabilities and visual representations suffer from the massive number of data points. To bridge this gap, Visual Analytics aim to incorporate more intelligent means than to just retrieve and display the data items to filter the relevant from the non-relevant data. In this context the paper introduces a new approach based on a Multiresolution paradigm to increase the scalability of existing Visual data exploration techniques. The basic idea is to provide relevance driven compact representations of the underlying data set that present the data at different granularities. In the visualization step the available display space is then distributed according to the data granularity, to emphasize relevant information. The paper aims at introducing a technical base of Multiresolution visualization and provides an application example that shows the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Application of the Kramers-Kronig Relations in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (1993)

The Kramers-Kronig equations and the current methods used to apply them to electrochemical impedance spectra are reviewed. Measurement models are introduced as a tool for identification of the frequency-dependent error structure of impedance data and for evaluating the consistency of the data with the Kramers-Kronig relations. Through the use of a measurement model, experimental data can be checked for consistency with the Kramers-Kronig relations without explicit integration of the Kramers-Kronig relations; therefore, inaccuracies associated with extrapolation of an incomplete frequency spectrum are resolved. The measurement model can be used to determine whether the residual errors in the regression are due to an inadequate model, failure of data to conform to the Kramers-Kronig assumptions, or noise.
3D quantitative photoacoustic image reconstruction using Monte Carlo method and linearization (2018)

To quantify the functional and structural information of peripheral blood vessels for diagnoses of diseases which affects peripheral blood vessels such as diabetes and peripheral vascular disease, a 3D quantitative photoacoustic tomography (QPAT) reconstructing the optical properties such as the absorption coefficient reflecting microvascular structures and hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation saturation is studied. QPAT image reconstruction algorithms based on radiative transfer equation (RTE) and photon diffusion equation (PDE) have been proposed. However, it is not easy to use RTE in the clinical practice because of the huge computational load and long calculation time. On the other hand, it is always considered problematic to use PDE, because it does not approximate RTE well near the illuminating position. In this study, we developed the 3D QPAT image reconstruction using Monte Carlo (MC) method which approximates RTE better than PDE to reconstruct the optical properties in the region near the illuminating surface. To reduce the calculation time, we applied linearization. The QPAT image reconstruction algorithm with MC method and linearization was examined in numerical simulations and phantom experiment by use of a scanning system with a single probe consisting of P(VDF-TrFE) piezo electric film and optical fiber.
Human G-MDSCs are neutrophils at distinct maturation stages promoting tumor growth in breast cancer (2020)

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are known to contribute to immune evasion in cancer. However, the function of the human granulocytic (G)-MDSC subset during tumor progression is largely unknown, and there are no established markers for their identification in human tumor specimens. Using gene expression profiling, mass cytometry, and tumor microarrays, we here demonstrate that human G-MDSCs occur as neutrophils at distinct maturation stages, with a disease-specific profile. G-MDSCs derived from patients with metastatic breast cancer and malignant melanoma display a unique immature neutrophil profile, that is more similar to healthy donor neutrophils than to G-MDSCs from sepsis patients. Finally, we show that primary G-MDSCs from metastatic breast cancer patients co-transplanted with breast cancer cells, promote tumor growth, and affect vessel formation, leading to myeloid immune cell exclusion. Our findings reveal a role for human G-MDSC in tumor progression and have clinical implications also for targeted immunotherapy.
Correction: A Synthetic, Xeno-Free Peptide Surface for Expansion and Directed Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2013)

Human induced pluripotent stem cells have the potential to become an unlimited cell source for cell replacement therapy. The realization of this potential, however, depends on the availability of culture methods that are robust, scalable, and use chemically defined materials. Despite significant advances in hiPSC technologies, the expansion of hiPSCs relies upon the use of animal-derived extracellular matrix extracts, such as Matrigel, which raises safety concerns over the use of these products. In this work, we investigated the feasibility of expanding and differentiating hiPSCs on a chemically defined, xenofree synthetic peptide substrate, i.e. Corning SynthemaxH Surface. We demonstrated that the Synthemax Surface supports the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of hiPSCs, as well as hiPSCs' lineage-specific differentiation. hiPSCs colonies grown on Synthemax Surfaces exhibit less spread and more compact morphology compared to cells grown on Matrigel TM . The cytoskeleton characterization of hiPSCs grown on the Synthemax Surface revealed formation of denser actin filaments in the cell-cell interface. The down-regulation of vinculin and up-regulation of zyxin expression were also observed in hiPSCs grown on the Synthemax Surface. Further examination of cell-ECM interaction revealed that hiPSCs grown on the Synthemax Surface primarily utilize a v b 5 integrins to mediate attachment to the substrate, whereas multiple integrins are involved in cell attachment to Matrigel. Finally, hiPSCs can be maintained undifferentiated on the Synthemax Surface for more than ten passages. These studies provide a novel approach for expansion of hiPSCs using synthetic peptide engineered surface as a substrate to avoid a potential risk of contamination and lot-to-lot variability with animal derived materials.
Ultrasonic Imaging of Defects in Building Elements Made from Timber (2013)

There is a great demand for non-destructive testing methods for quality assurance and to assess the safety and durability of wooden structures. Ultrasonic echo technique with shear waves in the frequency range of 50 kHz is one of those promising methods and is already frequently applied for usual and glued laminated timber. The article describes the development and first results for an imaging method for this purpose. The highly anisotropic properties of the ultrasonic velocity have to be considered. A 3D-SAFT (Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique) imaging scheme is developed initially for synthetic data resulting from modelling the elastic wave propagation. The main part of the paper describes the experimental validation of this evaluation technique by experimental studies applying automated ultrasonic scanning techniques. 3D ultrasonic imaging results are described for test specimens made from pine and spruce wood. Another object of investigation was a pedestrian bridge made from siberian larch.
Quantitative Analysis of Multiparametric Prostate MR Images: Differentiation between Prostate Cancer and Normal Tissue and Correlation with Gleason Score—A Computer-aided Diagnosis Development Study (2013)

The combination of 10th percentile ADC, average ADC, and T2-weighted skewness with CAD is promising in the differentiation of prostate cancer from normal tissue. ADC image features and K(trans) moderately correlate with GS.
Décomposition sur une base de matériaux des tissus par tomographie optique multispectrale résolue en temps (2014)

International audience
Adaptation of Two Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolates to Growth in Transformed T Cell Lines Correlates with Alterations in the Responses of Their Envelope Glycoproteins to Soluble CD4 (1993)

Two sCD4-resistant, primary viruses (P-08 and P-17) were compared with two sCD4-sensitive, T cell line-adapted variants (C-08 and C-17) for their biochemical responses to sCD4. At 37 degrees C, neither primary virus shed gp120 within 8 hr at sCD4 concentrations of up to 500 nM, whereas C-08 and C-17 lost gp120 within minutes of addition of 5-10 nM sCD4. At 4 degrees C, however, P-17 and C-17 shed gp120 at similar rates in response to the same sCD4 concentration. Irrespective of the temperature, gp120 dissociation from both P-17 and C-17 was inhibited by CD4 MAbs 6H10 and 5A8, the latter of which blocks events subsequent to sCD4 binding. Binding of sCD4 to P-17 was greater at 4 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, whereas the converse was found for C-17. Consistent with this, P-17 was neutralized much more potently by sCD4 at 4 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, whereas C-17 was slightly more sensitive to sCD4 at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C. Resistance to neutralization by sCD4 is probably determined by kinetic parameters. We suggest that the acquisition of sCD4 neutralization sensitivity and the above biochemical responses to sCD4 are coincidental to the process by which some primary viruses adapt to growth in transformed T cells. Sequence data indicate that there are a limited number of amino acid differences between the Env glycoproteins of the primary viruses and their T cell line-adapted counterparts; the significance of the individual changes is under investigation, but both pairs of viruses have amino acid substitutions in a region of gp41 thought to contact gp120.
Enantioselective Staudinger Synthesis of β-Lactams Catalyzed by a Planar-Chiral Nucleophile (2002)

The development of efficient methods for the stereoselective generation of beta-lactams is an important goal, due to their biological activity and their utility as synthetic intermediates. The Staudinger reaction, an overall [2 + 2] cycloaddition of a ketene with an imine, provides a nicely convergent route to this family of compounds. Nearly all studies to date of asymmetric variants of the Staudinger reaction have focused on the use of chiral auxiliaries to control the stereochemistry of the beta-lactam. In this report, we establish that a planar-chiral derivative of 4-(pyrrolidino)pyridine serves as a very effective enantioselective catalyst for the Staudinger beta-lactam synthesis, coupling a range of symmetrical and unsymmetrical ketenes with an array of imines with very good stereoselection and yield.
Electrospun Mat of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Graphene Oxide for Superior Electrolyte Performance (2018)

Here, we describe an electrospun mat of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and graphene oxide (GO) as a novel solid-state electrolyte matrix, which offers better performance retention upon drying after infiltrated with aqueous electrolyte. The PVA-GO mat overcomes the major issue of conventional PVA-based electrolytes, which is the ionic conductivity decay upon drying. After exposure to 45 ± 5% relative humidity at 25 °C for 1 month, its conductivity decay is limited to 38.4%, whereas that of pure PVA mat is as high as 84.0%. This mainly attributes to the hygroscopic nature of GO and the unique nanofiber structure within the mat. Monolithic supercapacitors have been derived directly on the mat via a well-developed laser scribing process. The as-prepared supercapacitor offers an areal capacitance of 9.9 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> at 40 mV s<sup>-1</sup> even after 1 month of aging under ambient conditions, with a high device-based volumetric energy density of 0.13 mWh cm<sup>-3</sup> and a power density of 2.48 W cm<sup>-3</sup>, demonstrating great promises as a more stable power supply for wearable electronics.
Internationally coordinated multi-mission planning is now critical to sustain the space-based rainfall observations needed for managing floods globally (2015)

At present 4 of 10 dedicated rainfall observing satellite systems have exceeded their design life, some by more than a decade. Here, we show operational implications for flood management of a ‘collapse’ of space-based rainfall observing infrastructure as well as the high-value opportunities for a globally coordinated portfolio of satellite missions and data services. Results show that the current portfolio of rainfall missions fails to meet operational data needs for flood management, even when assuming a perfectly coordinated data product from all current rainfall-focused missions (i.e., the full portfolio). In the full portfolio, satellite-based rainfall data deficits vary across the globe and may preclude climate adaptation in locations vulnerable to increasing flood risks. Moreover, removing satellites that are currently beyond their design life (i.e., the reduced portfolio) dramatically increases data deficits globally and could cause entire high intensity flood events to be unobserved. Recovery from the reduced portfolio is possible with internationally coordinated replenishment of as few as 2 of the 4 satellite systems beyond their design life, yielding rainfall data coverages that outperform the current full portfolio (i.e., an optimized portfolio of eight satellites can outperform ten satellites). This work demonstrates the potential for internationally coordinated satellite replenishment and data services to substantially enhance the cost-effectiveness, sustainability and operational value of space-based rainfall observations in managing evolving flood risks.
A Molecular-Rotor Device for Nonvolatile High-Density Memory Applications (2010)

A novel memory device based on an electrically driven molecular rotor was fabricated and demonstrated to have bistable switching effects. The device showed an on/off ratio of approximately <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$ \hbox{10}^{4}$</tex></formula> , a read window of about 2.5 V, and retention performance of greater than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{10}^{4}\ \hbox{s}$</tex></formula> . The analysis of the device <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$I$</tex></formula> – <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$V$</tex></formula> characteristics suggests the source of the observed switching effects to be the redox-induced ligand rotation around the copper metal center, which is consistent with the observed temperature dependence of the switching behavior. This organic monolayer device holds a potential for nonvolatile high-density memory applications due to its scalability and reduced cost.
Preparing the Edge of the Network for Pervasive Content Delivery (2001)

We report 14 patients with idiopathic recurrent cranial neuropathy, in whom multiple cranial nerves were involved recurrently, either at the same or different times, and appeared bilaterally. Oculomotor nerve involvement was most frequent, while the abducens and facial nerves were the next most frequent. Clinical courses were benign and not progressive, and the symptoms responded well to corticosteroids. Ten patients developed Tolosa-Hunt syndrome during the course of their illness. Laboratory findings and CSF were normal. MRI and CT studies were unremarkable, except for an asymmetric appearance of the cavernous sinus in some patients. One patient showed focal hypertrophic pachymeningitis in the posterior fossa in MRI. We discuss the relationship of the idiopathic recurrent cranial neuropathy with disorders characterized by inflammation of the dura mater, such as Tolosa-Hunt syndrome and cranial pachymeningitis.
Diverse parameters of ambulatory knee moments differ with medial knee osteoarthritis severity and are combinable into a severity index (2023)

<b>Objective:</b> To characterize ambulatory knee moments with respect to medial knee osteoarthritis (OA) severity comprehensively and to assess the possibility of developing a severity index combining knee moment parameters. <b>Methods:</b> Nine parameters (peak amplitudes) commonly used to quantify three-dimensional knee moments during walking were analyzed for 98 individuals (58.7 ± 9.2 years old, 1.69 ± 0.09 m, 76.9 ± 14.5 kg, 56% female), corresponding to three medial knee osteoarthritis severity groups: non-osteoarthritis (<i>n</i> = 22), mild osteoarthritis (<i>n</i> = 38) and severe osteoarthritis (<i>n</i> = 38). Multinomial logistic regression was used to create a severity index. Comparison and regression analyses were performed with respect to disease severity. <b>Results:</b> Six of the nine moment parameters differed statistically significantly among severity groups (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.039) and five reported statistically significant correlation with disease severity (0.23 ≤ |<i>r</i>| ≤ 0.59). The proposed severity index was highly reliable (ICC = 0.96) and statistically significantly different between the three groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001) as well as correlated with disease severity (<i>r</i> = 0.70). <b>Conclusion:</b> While medial knee osteoarthritis research has mostly focused on a few knee moment parameters, this study showed that other parameters differ with disease severity. In particular, it shed light on three parameters frequently disregarded in prior works. Another important finding is the possibility of combining the parameters into a severity index, which opens promising perspectives based on a single figure assessing the knee moments in their entirety. Although the proposed index was shown to be reliable and associated with disease severity, further research will be necessary particularly to assess its validity.