gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ethanol Production from Modified and Conventional Dry‐Grind Processes Using Different Corn Types (2009)

ABSTRACT Different corn types were used to compare ethanol production from the conventional dry‐grind process to wet or dry fractionation processes. High oil, dent corn with high starch extractability, dent corn with low starch extractability and waxy corn were selected. In the conventional process, corn was ground using a hammer mill; water was added to produce slurry which was fermented. In the wet fractionation process, corn was soaked in water; germ and pericarp fiber were removed before fermentation. In the dry fractionation process, corn was tempered, degerminated, and passed through a roller mill. Germ and pericarp fiber were separated from the endosperm. Due to removal of germ and pericarp fiber in the fractionation methods, more corn was used in the wet (10%) and dry (15%) fractionation processes than in the conventional process. Water was added to endosperm and the resulting slurry was fermented. Oil, protein, and residual starch in germ were analyzed. Pericarp fiber was analyzed for residual starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content. Analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test were used to compare means of final ethanol concentrations as well as germ and pericarp fiber yields. The wet fractionation process had the highest final ethanol concentrations (15.7% v/v) compared with dry fractionation (15.0% v/v) and conventional process (14.1% v/v). Higher ethanol concentrations were observed in fractionation processes compared to the conventional process due to higher fermentable substrate per batch available as a result of germ and pericarp fiber removal. Germ and pericarp yields were 7.47 and 6.03% for the wet fractionation process and 7.19 and 6.22% for the dry fractionation process, respectively. Germ obtained from the wet fractionation process had higher oil content (34% db) compared with the dry fractionation method (11% db). Residual starch content in the germ fraction was 16% for wet fractionation and 44% for dry fractionation. Residual starch in the pericarp fiber fraction was lower for the wet fractionation process (19.9%) compared with dry fractionation (23.7%).
Epitranscriptomic regulation of insecticide resistance (2021)

<i>N</i> <sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A) is the most prevalent messenger RNA modification in eukaryotes and an important posttranscriptional regulator of gene expression. However, the biological roles of m<sup>6</sup>A in most insects remain largely unknown. Here, we show that m<sup>6</sup>A regulates a cytochrome P450 gene (<i>CYP4C64</i>) in the global whitefly pest, <i>Bemisia tabaci</i>, leading to insecticide resistance. Investigation of the regulation of <i>CYP4C64</i>, which confers resistance to the insecticide thiamethoxam, revealed a mutation in the 5' untranslated region of this gene in resistant <i>B. tabaci</i> strains that introduces a predicted m<sup>6</sup>A site. We provide several lines of evidence that mRNA methylation of the adenine at this position, in combination with modified expression of m<sup>6</sup>A writers, acts to increase expression of <i>CYP4C64</i> and resistance. Collectively, these results provide an example of the epitranscriptomic regulation of the xenobiotic response in insects and implicate the m<sup>6</sup>A regulatory axis in the development of insecticide resistance.
Matrix-fibrinogen enhances wound closure by increasing both cell proliferation and migration (2003)

Fibrinogen (FBG) assembles into matrix fibrils of fibroblasts, lung and mammary epithelial cells, but not endothelial cells. Furthermore, cryptic beta15-21 residues are exposed in FBG fibrils with no evidence of thrombin or plasmin proteolysis. Herein, the effects of FBG on migration and proliferation of wounded dermal fibroblasts were investigated. FBG preassembled into matrix prior to scrape-wounding induced 3H-thymidine incorporation 8-fold and shortened the time to wound closure 1.6-fold +/- 0.1-fold. FBG added immediately after wounding did not enhance either response. Fibroblast growth factor-2/platelet-derived growth factor (FGF-2/PDGF) stimulated cell proliferation 2.2-fold for FGF-2 and 3.2-fold for PDGF and wound closure 1.5-fold +/- 0.1-fold in the absence of matrix-FBG. Surprisingly, exogenous growth factors had negligible effect on wound closure and cell proliferation already enhanced by matrix-FBG. Matrix-FBG-enhanced wound closure required active assembly of an FBG-fibronectin matrix, engagement of alphavbeta3, and FBG Aalpha-RGDS572-575 integrin recognition sites; Aalpha-RGDF95-98 sites were not sufficient for matrix-FBG assembly, enhanced wound closure, or cell proliferation. Although Bbeta1-42 was not necessary for matrix assembly, it was required for matrix-FBG-enhanced cell migration. These data indicate that FBG serves as an important matrix constituent in the absence of fibrin formation to enhance wound repair and implicate Bbeta1-42 as a physiologic inducer of signal transduction to promote an intermediate state of cell adhesion and a migratory cell phenotype.
Acoustic reflection coefficient of silicon wafers in megasonic cleaning tanks (2002)

Reflection coefficients of silicon wafers in megasonic cleaning tanks have been determined theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results obtained indicate that the model of a layered solid in liquids is a good predictor of reflection coefficients for silicon wafers in liquids. At a frequency of about 1 MHz, high reflection from silicon wafers occurs at large incident angles. There are also two troughs of low reflection for incident angles between 0/spl deg/-90/spl deg/. The Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio of the silicon [110] orientation give the best agreement between the model and experimental results.
Probing the open state of cytochrome P450cam with ruthenium-linker substrates (2001)

Cytochromes P450 play key roles in drug metabolism and disease by oxidizing a wide variety of natural and xenobiotic compounds. High-resolution crystal structures of P450cam bound to ruthenium sensitizer-linked substrates reveal an open conformation of the enzyme that allows substrates to access the active center via a 22-A deep channel. Interactions of alkyl and fluorinated biphenyl linkers with the channel demonstrate the importance of exploiting protein dynamics for specific inhibitor design. Large changes in peripheral enzyme structure (F and G helices) couple to conformational changes in active center residues (I helix) implicated in proton pumping and dioxygen activation. Common conformational states among P450cam and homologous enzymes indicate that static and dynamic variability in the F/G helix region allows the 54 human P450s to oxidize thousands of substrates.
Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery to Solid Tumors (2016)

Nanoparticles have been explored as a promising drug carrier forchemotherapy, with several systems in various stages of commercialdevelopment. This chapter describes physicochemical features ofnanoparticles known to critically aﬀect their therapeutic eﬀects. Italso highlights several issues remaining in nanoparticle-based drugdelivery to tumors, including biological complexity of tumors andformulation challenges.
Simulation-Assisted Design of a Bidirectional Wireless Power Transfer With Circular Sandwich Coils for E-Bike Sharing System (2020)

A wireless power transfer (WPT) system with bidirectional power flow control for charging batteries and drawing electric power from batteries is presented in this paper for e-bike sharing applications. The proposed WPT consists of a bidirectional DC-DC converter and a sandwiched coil set, which includes primary winding with ferrite pad in charging stations and a movable secondary coil without ferrite pad, which is inserted into the primary coils to receive or transmit energy, on the e-bike. Hence, the proposed coil set could provide high coupling factor, better tolerance of misalignment, and a compact size that enables easy installation in the current mechanism of bike-sharing systems. The Maxwell 3D is adopted to design coil sets, which are based on the known resistance of Litz wire, and the effect of the ferrite pad and misalignment are analyzed to achieve good performance. To select a suitable converter, the characteristics of predesigned coils are simulated using Maxwell 3D, MATLAB and PSIM. Then, a full-bridge CLLC converter with the same resonant frequency for charging and discharging modes is chosen to provide minimal loss by using the synchronous rectifier on the 48-V side and voltage gain without the loading effect. Finally, a digital signal processor-based digitally controlled CLLC converter is constructed to verify the performance of the proposed WPT, which can provide 200 to 48 V/500 W charging and discharging functions with constant current/constant voltage modes and fast-response current control. In addition, the maximum efficiency is 96% at 52 V and 75% rated load in charging mode.
Processing Encrypted Data Using Homomorphic Encryption (2017)

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) was initially introduced as a concept shortly after the development of the RSA cryptosystem, by Rivest et al. [54]. Although long sought after, the first functional scheme was only proposed over thirty years later by Gentry [34, 35] in 2009. The same blueprint to construct FHE has been followed in all subsequent work. First a scheme is constructed which can evaluate arithmetic circuits of a limited depth, a so-called Somewhat Homomorphic Encryption (SHE) scheme. If the complexity of the circuits which the SHE scheme can evaluate is slightly more than the complexity of the decryption circuit for the SHE scheme, then (by placing a SHE encryption of the scheme’s private key inside the public key) one can bootstrap the SHE scheme into a FHE scheme. This bootstrapping operation is obtained by homomorphically evaluating the decryption circuit on input of the ciphertext to be bootstrapped and the encryption of the secret key.
CCDC 1584030: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2017)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
A Modular Subsea DC Electrical Power System (2014)

Subsea processing has been increasingly accepted by the offshore oil and gas industry as a solution to boost the production and reduce cost. Accordingly, the subsea power demand is growing in order to support the various processing loads including pumps and compressors. Depending on the application, the power rating of a field ranges from tens of kW to tens of MW. A reliable subsea electrical power system which is suitable for subsea deployment is desired. The hostile and remote subsea environment has imposed significant technical challenges on the electrical system. Due to the extremely limited accessibility, the electrical system needs to be very reliable and require minimum regular maintenance in its lifetime. The system should be able to detect and isolate local faults without shutting down the whole system in order to maximize the availability and avoid unplanned stops. The electrical system should also be as compact as possible and modularized, so that they can be installed and retrieved without heavy vessels and lifts which have very limited availability. A novel modular stacked DC (MSDC) development has been developed to address the above mentioned challenges. The proposed system consists of a number of power converter building blocks connected in series on both the on-shore station and the seabed stations. The dc-link current is controlled to be constant, and the dc-link voltage will vary according to the loading condition. This architecture renders simplified power distribution, fault-tolerant capability and feasibility for field extension. This paper will focus on fault protection of the MSDC system. A fast bypass circuit is proposed to isolate the faulty equipment in tens of micro-second without affecting the operation of the rest of the system. The concept has been verified by both simulation and experiments. The paper will also cover the cooling concept for the power electronics in the subsea power converter. A phase change approach has been investigated and tested in the lab. Latest testing results will be shown in the paper.
Cost effectiveness of 3D integration options (2010)

The available manufacturing options for 3D integration have different impact on the cost of a 3D-stacked system. Using the 3D cost model developed at imec, the cost of different technology integration options is analyzed and the cost effectiveness of different technology solutions is compared. The cost model is based on imec's 3D integration process flows and includes the cost of manufacturing equipment, fabrication facilities, personnel, and materials. A breakdown of different 3D processing steps into these costs is presented. Furthermore, the effect of different TSV geometries on system manufacturability and cost is investigated. The effectiveness of different TSV redundancy and repair approaches is evaluated and their impact on system cost is also discussed.
Cerebrovascular Carbon Dioxide Reactivity with Hyperoxia and Hypoxia in Humans with Treated Hypertension (2022)

Hypertension increases the risk of cerebrovascular diseases such as stroke and dementia, but the underlying mechanisms are currently unclear. While chronic hypertension can lead to anatomical and functional adaptations within the cerebral circulation, its effect on cerebral blood flow (CBF) control remains poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that the CBF responses to CO 2 with either high or low oxygen levels are impaired in treated hypertensive patients compared to normotensive aged‐matched controls. In 14 treated hypertensive patients (age: 68±5 years, mean±SD) and 8 normotensive age‐matched controls (age: 66±6 years), we assessed cardiorespiratory and cerebrovascular variables at rest, during voluntary hyperventilation (partial pressure of end‐tidal CO 2 [P ET CO 2 ] ~25 mmHg), and hyperoxic and hypoxic rebreathing. Using transcranial Doppler ultrasound and finger photoplethysmography, we measured beat‐to‐beat middle cerebral artery blood velocity (MCAv: index of CBF) and BP, respectively, while P ET CO 2 was assessed using a gas analyzer. Linear regression was used to determine the MCAv‐CO 2 slope (i.e., cerebrovascular CO 2 reactivity). At rest, mean BP was higher in the hypertensive patients (108±9 mmHg) compared to normotensive controls (93±10 mmHg, p =0.001), while MCAv (46.8±11.4 vs. 53.3±10.4 cm/s) and P ET CO 2 (41±4 vs. 42±3 mmHg) were not different between groups ( p &lt;0.05). Hyperventilation‐induced hypocapnia elicited similar reductions in MCAv in the hypertensive and normotensive groups (Δ14.8±4.7 vs. Δ16.5±5.7 cm/s, p =0.484). Similarly, the MCAv‐CO 2 slope was not different between the hypertensive and normotensive groups during either hyperoxic rebreathing (1.53±1.05 vs. 1.98±0.56 cm/s/mmHg, p =0.320) or hypoxic rebreathing (1.94±1.04 vs. 2.21±1.13 cm/s/mmHg, p =0.815). These preliminary findings indicate that in treated hypertensive patients, the MCAv responses to hypocapnia, and hypercapnia administrated with either high or low oxygen levels, do not differ from that observed in age‐matched normotensive controls.
1P1-A11 Manipulation of Robot Hand based on Motion Estimation using EMG Signals (2006)

The number of amputees is increasing by industrial or traffic accidents, although safety control and accident prevention are made much of. Since amputees use prosthesis, the needs of prosthesis are increasing year after year. Myoelectric upper limb prosthesis, which considered the EMG signal measurable from residual sources as the control input, attracts attention. The purpose of this research is to construct an intelligence transradial prostheses control system, which uses electromyogram (EMG) signals. Signal processings of EMG signals are performed using a linear multiple regression model, which can learn parameters in a short time. Using this model, joint angles are predicted, and the motion pattern discrimination is conducted. Discriminated motions were grip, open, and chuck of a hand. Predicted joint angles were angles of multifinger corresponding to these three motions. From several experiments, the usefulness of processing EMG signals with a linear multiple regression model was proved.
Campylobacter Jejuni Peritonitis During Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) (1990)

A patient treated with chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis developed recurrent peritonitis. During a fourth episode, Campylobacter jejuni was cultured from the dialysate. She responded well to streptokinase and imipenem.
Dexamethasone Decreases the Incidence of Shivering After Cardiac Surgery: a Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study (1999)

YARED, JEAN-PIERRE; STARR, NORMAN J.; HOFFMAN-HOGG, LORI; BASHOUR, ALLEN C.; INSLER, STEVEN R.; O'CONNOR, MICHEAL; PIEDMONTE, MARION; COSGROVE, DELOS K. III Author Information
Association between cervical shedding of herpes simplex virus and HIV-1 (2002)

Higher levels of cervical HSV were associated with higher levels of expressed HIV-1 and with the more frequent detection of HIV-1-infected cells in cervical secretions. Prospective studies are needed to explore further the association between non-ulcerative cervical HSV reactivation and HIV-1 shedding. Such a relationship may have important implications for interventions designed to slow the spread of HIV-1.
Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-3 Inhibits Interleukin-1 Signaling by Targeting the TRAF-6/TAK1 Complex (2006)

IL-1 plays a major role in inflammation and autoimmunity through activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NFkappaB) and MAPKs. Although a great deal is known about the mechanism of activation of NFkappaB and MAPKs by IL-1, much less is known about the down-regulation of this pathway. Suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-3 was shown to inhibit IL-1-induced transcription and activation of NFkappaB and the MAPKs JNK and p38, but the mechanism is unknown. We show here that SOCS-3 inhibits NFkappaB-dependent transcription induced by overexpression of the upstream IL-1 signaling molecules MyD88, IL-1R-activated kinase 1, TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6, and TGFbeta-activated kinase (TAK)1, but not when the MAP3K MAPK/ERK kinase kinase-1 is used instead of TAK1, indicating that the target for SOCS-3 is the TRAF6/TAK1 signaling complex. By coimmunoprecipitation, it was shown that SOCS-3 inhibited the association between TRAF6 and TAK1 and that SOCS-3 coimmunoprecipitated with TAK1 and TRAF6. Furthermore, SOCS-3 inhibited the IL-1-induced catalytic activity of TAK1. Because ubiquitination of TRAF6 is required for activation of TAK1, we analyzed the role of SOCS-3 on TRAF6 ubiquitination and found that SOCS-3 inhibited ubiquitin modification of TRAF6. These results indicate that SOCS-3 inhibits IL-1 signal transduction by inhibiting ubiquitination of TRAF6, thus preventing association and activation of TAK1.
Evidence for the extraterrestrial origin of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Martian meteorite ALH84001 (1998)

Possible sources of terrestrial contamination are considered for the observation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Martian meteorite ALH84001. Contamination is concluded to be negligible.
Linoleic acid metabolite leads to steroid resistant asthma features partially through NF-κB (2017)

Studies have highlighted the role of nutritional and metabolic modulators in asthma pathobiology. Steroid resistance is an important clinical problem in asthma but lacks good experimental models. Linoleic acid, a polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been linked to asthma and glucocorticoid sensitivity. Its 12/15-lipoxygenase metabolite, 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (HODE) induces mitochondrial dysfunction, with severe airway obstruction and neutrophilic airway inflammation. Here we show that HODE administration leads to steroid unresponsiveness in an otherwise steroid responsive model of allergic airway inflammation (AAI). HODE treatment to allergic mice further increased airway hyperresponsiveness and goblet metaplasia. Treatment with dexamethasone was associated with increased neutrophilic inflammation in HODE treated allergic mice; unlike control allergic mice that showed resolution of inflammation. HODE induced loss of steroid sensitivity was associated with increased p-NFkB in mice and reduced GR-α transcript levels in cultured human bronchial epithelia. In summary, HODE modifies typical AAI to recapitulate many of the phenotypic features seen in severe steroid unresponsive asthma. We speculate that since HODE is a natural metabolite, it may be relevant to the increased asthma severity and steroid insensitivity in patients who are obese or consume high fat diets. Further characterization of HODE induced steroid insensitivity may clarify the mechanisms.
Tumor necrosis and infiltrating macrophages predict survival after curative resection for cholangiocarcinoma (2017)

<b>Background</b>. Tumor necrosis as well as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor invasive front (TIF) have been suggested to have a prognostic value in selected solid tumors, inclusive hilar cholangiocarcinoma. However, little is known regarding their influence on tumor progression and prognosis in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCC). <b>Methods</b>. We analyzed surgically resected tumor specimens of human iCC (n = 88) for distribution and localization of TAMs, as defined by expression of CD68, formation of necrosis and extent of peritumoral fibrosis. Abundance of TAMs, tumor necrosis and grade of fibrosis were assessed immunohistochemically and histologically and correlated with clinicopathological characteristics, tumor recurrence and patients' survival. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. <b>Results</b>. Patients with tumors characterized by low levels of TAMs in TIF or necrosis showed a significantly decreased 1-, 3- and 5-y recurrence-free survival and a significantly decreased overall survival, when compared with patients with tumors showing high levels of TAMs in TIF or no necrosis. Patients with high density of TAMs in TIF showed significantly lower incidence of tumor recurrence, as well (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Absence of tumor necrosis and TAMs in TIF were confirmed as independent prognostic variables in the multivariate survival analysis (all <i>p</i> < 0.05). <b>Conclusions</b>. High levels of TAMs in TIF or absence of histologic tumor necrosis are associated with a significantly improved recurrence-free and overall survival of patients with iCC. These results suggest TAMs and necrosis as valuable prognostic markers in routine histopathologic evaluation, and might indicate more individualized therapeutic strategies.
Fast Ethernet system with high-speed plastic optical fiber data links (2005)

In summary, we have achieved a 156 Mbps 100-m transmission with low numerical aperture (NA) step index plastic optical fiber (SI-POF) and low launch NA red LED. By using these technologies, a POF-based fast Ethernet system was successfully demonstrated. This system exhibited the advantages of cost and EMI tolerance of a POF link.