gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)-Binding Sites in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Inhibitory Effects of GnRH Antagonists* (1987)

GnRH-binding sites have previously been described in human breast tumors, and a GnRH agonist has been shown to inhibit growth of the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. We have investigated the presence of GnRH-binding sites in ZR-75-1, MDA-MB-231, Sk Br 3, MDA-MB-157, and MCF-7 human breast cancer cell lines and the effect of GnRH analogs on the incorporation of [3H]thymidine and 14C-labeled amino acids into DNA and protein. Specific GnRH-binding sites were present in membrane preparations of all five human breast carcinoma cell lines. Studies in three cell lines indicated low affinity (Kd, 1.6-3.0 X 10(-6) M) GnRH binding similar to that reported in human placenta and corpus luteum. In contrast, human pituitary GnRH receptors were of high affinity (Kd, 4.8 X 10(-9) M). Breast carcinoma cell GnRH-binding sites also differed from the pituitary receptor in their inability to discriminate between GnRH and superactive analogs. Binding of a [125I]GnRH analog to ZR-75-1 breast cancer cells and pituitary membranes was affected similarly by various cations. GnRH antagonists rapidly inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA (within 3 hr), and this effect was reversible. GnRH antagonists also inhibited cell growth, but only after 6 days. GnRH agonists did not alter either thymidine incorporation or growth. The present observations of low affinity GnRH-binding sites in breast cancer cell lines and inhibitory effects of GnRH antagonists point to the possibility of an autocrine regulatory role of GnRH-like peptides in mammary cells.
Designed tissue engineering scaffolds prepared by stereolithography (2007)

For the fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds, the intended tissue formation process imposes requirements on the architecture. The chosen porosity often is a tradeoff between volume and surface area accessible to cells, and mechanical properties of the construct. Interconnectivity of the pores is essential for cell migration through the scaffold and for mass transport. Conventional techniques such as salt leaching often result in heterogeneous structures and do not allow for a precise control of the architecture. Stereolithography is a rapid prototyping method that can be utilised to make 3D constructs with high spatial control by radical photopolymerisation. In this study, a regular structure based on cyclic repetition of cell units were designed through CAD modelling.. One of these structures was built on a stereolithography apparatus (SLA). Furthermore, a polylactide-based resin was developed that can be applied in stereolithography. Polylactide has proven before to be a well-performing polymer in bone tissue engineering. The final objective in this study is to build newly designed PDLLA scaffolds with a precise SLA fabrication technique to study the effect of scaffold architecture on mechanical and biological properties.
Growth Mechanism of Anisotropic Gold Nanocrystals via Microwave Synthesis: Formation of Dioleamide by Gold Nanocatalysis (2010)

A facile and fast one-pot microwave irradiation method has been developed to prepare different shapes of gold nanoparticles capped with a mixture of oleylamine and oleic acid. The size, shape, and morphology of the nanocrystals could be tailored by varying the ratio of oleylamine to oleic acid, the microwave time, and the concentration of the gold ions. These effects are directly reflected in the surface plasmon resonance properties of the resulting nanocrystals in the visible and near-infrared regions. Pure amine leads to the formation of only spherical particles. Introducing oleic acid increases the growth rate and enhances the formation of anisotropic shapes. Experimental evidence and new insights on the reaction mechanism confirm the formation of dioleamide from the reaction of oleic acid and oleylamine catalyzed by the gold nanocrystals. In the absence of gold nanoparticles, the conventional synthesis of dioleamide requires 12 h of reaction time at 120 degrees C. New insights on the reaction mechanism indicate that excess oleic acid enhances the formation of hexagons and more anisotropic shapes of the gold nanocrystals.
Copper‐Catalyzed C—P Bond Construction via Direct Coupling of Secondary Phosphines and Phosphites with Aryl and Vinyl Halides. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Supplementary Figures from Selective Androgen Receptor Modulator RAD140 Inhibits the Growth of Androgen/Estrogen Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer Models with a Distinct Mechanism of Action (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2. PC3-AR prostate cancer cells were transfected with ARE-luc and Renilla luciferase constructs in medium containing 5% CSS. Twenty-four hours after the transfection, cells were treated with RAD140 or DHT at the indicated final concentrations&lt;/p&gt;
Foldable Organic Devices Based on the Graphene/Metal Grid Composite Electrodes (2015)

Foldable electrodes with solution-processed graphene/silver nanowire (AgNW) composite circuit were formed on the surface-treated commercial paper substrates. Compared with neat graphene or AgNW electrodes, graphene/AgNW circuit showed both folding stability as well as sufficiently low sheet resistance. For the inside (−180°) and outside (+180°) folding angle condition, the circuits revealed a small change in conductance, maintaining the electronic path on foldable paper. Top emitting OLED (TOLED) on paper was prepared by thermal evaporation of several organic layers onto the reflective anode, where the interconnecting graphene/AgNW circuit supplied the bias voltage and current. Luminous efficiency behavior of TOLED on paper showed stable light emitting characteristics on paper, while the current density and brightness was reduced by repeated folding of driving circuit.
Design with FinFETs: Design rules, patterns, and variability (2013)

FinFETs have proven to be the device of choice for the next few technology generations. Consequently, design rules and limitations related to FinFETs need to be carefully understood. We present restricted and gridded design rules related to FinFETs. We also present results which indicate that a complete front-end-of-line (FEOL) and middle-of-line (MOL) of a memory with controllers can be designed from a fixed set of patterns. We also indicate sources of variations in FinFETs.
Atypical Glycolysis in Clostridium thermocellum (2013)

Cofactor specificities of glycolytic enzymes in Clostridium thermocellum were studied with cellobiose-grown cells from batch cultures. Intracellular glucose was phosphorylated by glucokinase using GTP rather than ATP. Although phosphofructokinase typically uses ATP as a phosphoryl donor, we found only pyrophosphate (PPi)-linked activity. Phosphoglycerate kinase used both GDP and ADP as phosphoryl acceptors. In agreement with the absence of a pyruvate kinase sequence in the C. thermocellum genome, no activity of this enzyme could be detected. Also, the annotated pyruvate phosphate dikinase (ppdk) is not crucial for the generation of pyruvate from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), as deletion of the ppdk gene did not substantially change cellobiose fermentation. Instead pyruvate formation is likely to proceed via a malate shunt with GDP-linked PEP carboxykinase, NADH-linked malate dehydrogenase, and NADP-linked malic enzyme. High activities of these enzymes were detected in extracts of cellobiose-grown cells. Our results thus show that GTP is consumed while both GTP and ATP are produced in glycolysis of C. thermocellum. The requirement for PPi in this pathway can be satisfied only to a small extent by biosynthetic reactions, in contrast to what is generally assumed for a PPi-dependent glycolysis in anaerobic heterotrophs. Metabolic network analysis showed that most of the required PPi must be generated via ATP or GTP hydrolysis exclusive of that which happens during biosynthesis. Experimental proof for the necessity of an alternative mechanism of PPi generation was obtained by studying the glycolysis in washed-cell suspensions in which biosynthesis was absent. Under these conditions, cells still fermented cellobiose to ethanol.
MR imaging of reversible cyclosporin A-induced neurotoxicity. (1991)

Neurotoxicity is a recognized complication of cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy in patients undergoing organ transplantation. It is most commonly manifested by fever, seizures, and altered mental status. Cortical blindness and speech and motor disturbances can also occur. Changes seen in cerebral white matter on imaging studies are nonenhancing areas of hypoattenuation on CT and T2 prolongation on MR. We report three cases of CsA-induced neurotoxicity in which reversible changes were observed in the cerebral white matter. In the first patient, CsA neurotoxicity occurred 1 week following orthotopic liver transplantation. In the second patient, CsA neurotoxicity coincided with an episode of severe systemic hypertension 4 weeks after cardiac transplantation. The third patient experienced seizures 1 month after heart/lung transplantation for cystic fibrosis. A current theory postulates a relationship between diminished serum cholesterol and CsA neurotoxicity. This theory, however, does not satisfactorily address all cases of CsA neurotoxicity. In particular, serum cholesterol measurements were normal in cases 2 and 3 and probably were normal in case 1, despite diminished cholesterol levels preoperatively. Although the matter of CsA-induced neurotoxicity remains unresolved, we suggest that endothelin, a newly described neuropeptide that causes intense vasoconstriction and that has been implicated in cerebral vasospasm, may potentiate CsA-induced damage to endothelium and promote CsA neurotoxicity.
Design and analysis of a forward-adaptive wavelet image coder (2002)

We introduce a new wavelet image coder which is the forward-adaptive counterpart of the state-of-the-art backward-adaptive estimation-quantization coder. The variance field associated with the wavelet coefficients is estimated, lossily compressed, and transmitted as side information. Next, the wavelet coefficients are compressed using that side information. We optimize the resulting two-part coder based on an information-theoretic analysis. The performance of the forward-and backward-adaptive compression algorithms is compared based on several numerical experiments.
White‐Light Sources: Solution‐Processed White Phosphorescent Tandem Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (Adv. Mater. 32/2015) (2015)

On page 4681, Y.-J. Pu, J. Kido, and T. Chiba describe solution processed white-phosphorescent tandem organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) comprising two light-emitting units (LEUs) with small-molecule phosphorescent emitters, small-molecule host materials, and a polymer material as a binder improving the insolubility of the LEU films. These devices exhibit extremely high efficiencies with a current efficiency of 61 cd A−1 and an external quantum efficiency of 28% at 5000 cd m−2.
A CCD based focal spot camera (1995)

Rapid, quantative assessment of x-radiation source intensity distributions would be useful in several areas of radiation physics. A simple x-ray sensitive CCD based camera for the measurement of focal spot and radiation beam intensity profiles has been constructed. Focal spot images recorded with the CCD camera and radiographic emulsion are compared and the advantage of the CCD camera in rapidly recording true radiation intensity distributions is demonstrated.
Comparison of motion and stereopsis: linear and nonlinear performance (1999)

To address the issue of whether the luminance-dependent (linear) and contrast-dependent (nonlinear) processes in stereo and motion have a common computational basis, we compare both carrier-dependent and envelope-dependent performance for these two modalities by using the same stimulus and task: two-flash apparent motion/depth for a wide range of displacements. We do this for different densities, bandwidths, contrasts, spatial frequencies, and exposure durations. The results suggest that there is concordance not only between the luminance-dependent (linear) processes of motion and stereo but also between the envelope-dependent (nonlinear) processes of both modalities. Only one exception was found, but we show this to be amenable to an explanation based on a different contrast dependence for the nonlinear mechanisms of stereo and motion. This suggests that the computational basis of linear and nonlinear processes may be similar for stereopsis and motion.
A GPU-based real-time spatial coherence imaging system (2013)

Advanced ultrasonic beamforming techniques are often computationally intensive and difficult to implement in real-time. GPU computing has become a vital tool for software beamforming because of its massive parallel computing capabilities. However, GPU-based software beamforming has not yet been integrated into a real-time imaging system. We have recently introduced short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC) imaging as a coherence-based beamforming technique that is more robust to clutter than conventional B-mode imaging. The algorithm is computationally expensive, and has been limited to offline processing to date. By combining SLSC beamforming on the GPU with a Verasonics ultrasound scanner, we have realized a real-time side-by-side B-mode and SLSC imaging system capable of achieving up to 6 frames per second (fps). We demonstrate the system's real-time capabilities with phantom and <i>in vivo </i>scans, and briefly examine the relative performance of B-mode and SLSC imaging.
Multi-atlas label fusion with augmented atlases for fast and accurate segmentation of cardiac MR images (2015)

Quantitative analysis of cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) images requires accurate segmentation of myocardium. Although recent multi-atlas segmentation approaches have done a good job improving segmentation accuracy, they also increase the computational burden, which degrades their clinical utility. In this paper, we proposed a novel multi-atlas segmentation framework using an augmented atlas technique that is able to increase segmentation accuracy without increasing computational complexity. This is achieved by using roughly aligned neighborhood slices to improve patch-based label fusion accuracy. We evaluated the proposed approach on the MICCAI SATA Segmentation Challenge CAP dataset. Our results demonstrate that the proposed technique can achieve segmentation accuracy comparable to the state-of-the-art algorithms in much smaller amount of time.
Performance Measurement Using RFC 6374 for Segment Routing Networks with MPLS Data Plane (2000)

Segment Routing (SR) leverages the source routing paradigm. RFC 6374
specifies protocol mechanisms to enable the efficient and accurate
measurement of packet loss, one-way and two-way delay, as well as
related metrics such as delay variation in MPLS networks using probe
messages. This document utilizes these mechanisms for Performance
Delay and Loss Measurements in Segment Routing networks with MPLS data
plane (SR-MPLS), for both SR-MPLS links and end-to-end paths including
SR-MPLS Policies. In addition, this document defines Return Path TLV
for two-way performance measurement and Block Number TLV for loss
measurement.
Evaluation of Processing Variables in Large Area Polymer Sintering of Single Layer Components (2016)

As the additive manufacturing (AM) industry continues to boom, the material palette continues to grow. However, the materials applicable to selective laser sintering (SLS) remains limited. Typically, the scanning laser beam heats each location for milliseconds at a time with a very high heating flux followed by quick cooling. This can create large temperature gradients and high local temperatures. Many polymers will degrade or fail to densify under these conditions. Due to the economic constraints for point processing, little work has been done to evaluate the sintering process with lower intensities, longer exposure times and larger areas than are typical with conventional SLS. We will report on a new method for simultaneously heating large areas with spatially-controlled heat flux. A demonstration system and test material is presented and characterized. It is then used to evaluate the relationships between heating rates, exposure time, and resulting sintering levels for traditional Nylon 12 powders in single layer parts.
A framework on wideband sensing and direction finding for location aware public safety cognitive radio (2011)

Beside providing solutions to the interoperability problem of the first responders, location awareness feature of the cognitive radios can be beneficial for victim and first responder location estimation under extreme conditions. Location and environment based services can be employed to detect and locate victims even when the core wireless communications networks are down. In this paper, a location awareness framework is proposed for victim signal detection and direction estimation. A wideband, multi-channel sensing method is proposed along with a two-antenna multiple signal classification (MUSIC) direction finding algorithm. The performance evaluation of proposed methods are discussed with both simulation and measurement results.
Optogenetic Control of Phosphatase and Kinase Function (2022)

Signal transduction is an essential mechanism of cellular function. These pathways are responsible for eliciting a physiological response to external stimuli, resulting in biological processes such as cell cycle progression, proliferation, and cell fate determination. However, the complex networks of protein kinases and phosphatases that are responsible for signal regulation are difficult to study through biochemical and genetic methods. These traditional techniques fail to offer the acute spatial and temporal resolution that optical control provides. To that end, the objective of this research is to apply genetic code expansion to install light‐removable caging groups on critical residues for photo‐activation of phosphatase and kinase function. We hypothesized that protein activity can be restricted through the incorporation of a genetically encoded photocaged amino acid in place of 1) a conserved catalytic residue, 2) an active site‐adjacent residue, or 3) a protein docking site essential for enzyme/substrate interaction. The resulting precise temporal control, together with complete genetic specificity, will enable the dissection of intricate cell signaling mechanisms, including crosstalk regulation between signaling cascades. Here we describe the attempted photoregulation of SH2‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐2 (SHP2) through three different sites of installation, using three unique unnatural amino acids. These approaches have been validated in conjunction with a fluorogenic phosphatase substrate and a live cell reporter. Additionally, we have demonstrated light activation of four unique isoforms of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38. We have utilized the isoform‐selective perturbation of kinase activity to reveal contradicting functions of p38 variants, resulting in either positive or negative crosstalk with the extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)/MAPK pathway by the γ/δ and α/β subsets, respectively. We conclude that genetic code expansion can be utilized to engineer photocontrol of enzymes via diverse methods, resulting in the precise examination of protein function within the context of complex cell signaling cascades, thereby delivering an additional understanding of kinase and phosphatase function.
Cytoskeletal Dependence of Adenosine Triphosphate Release by Human Trabecular Meshwork Cells (2011)

Cytoskeletal restructuring modulated swelling-activated ATP release, in part by changing the duration of cell swelling after hypotonic challenge. Modifying ATP release is expected to modulate MMP secretion by altering ecto-enzymatic delivery of adenosine to A(1)ARs, linking cytoskeletal remodeling and MMP-mediated modulation of outflow facility.
High-k cobalt–titanium oxide dielectrics formed by oxidation of sputtered Co/Ti or Ti/Co films (2001)

High-k cobalt–titanium oxide (CoTiO3) film was formed by directly oxidizing sputtered Co/Ti or Ti/Co films. Al/CoTiO3/Si3N4/Si capacitor structures were fabricated and measured. Excellent electrical properties with an effective dielectric constant (i.e., k value) as high as 40 have been achieved for a CoTiO3 gate dielectric with a buffer layer. The metal–oxide thus appears to be a very promising high-k gate dielectric for future ultralarge scale integrated devices.
Investigation on Fault Detection for Split Torque Gearbox Using Acoustic Emission and Vibration Signals (2009)

When compared with a traditional planetary gearbox, the split torque gearbox (STG) potentially offers lower weight, increased reliability, and improved efficiency. These benefits have driven the helicopter manufacturing community to develop products using the STG. However, this may pose a challenge for the current gear analysis methods used in Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS). Gear analysis uses time synchronous averages to separates in frequency gears that are physically close to a sensor. The effect of a large number of synchronous components (gears or bearing) in close proximity may significantly reduce the fault signal (decreased signal to noise) and therefore reduce the effectiveness of current gear analysis algorithms. As of today, only a limited research on STG fault diagnosis has been conducted.
In this paper, we investigated fault diagnosis for STG using both vibration and acoustic emission (AE) signals. In particular, seeded fault tests on a STG type gearbox were conducted to collect both vibration and AE signals. Gear fault features were extracted from vibration signals using a Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) based algorithm and from AE signals using AE analysis, respectively. These fault features were used for fault detection using a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Our investigation has shown that both vibration and AE signals were capable of detecting the gear fault in a STG. However, in terms of locating the source of the fault, AE analysis outperformed vibration analysis.
Braced Sheet Pile Shoring Wall in Sensitive Clay (2013)

This case history describes the design and performance of a temporary braced sheet pile shoring wall constructed within the median between heavily-trafficked lanes of the Trans Canada Highway in Langley near Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The excavation extended to 9.7 m depth below the existing road grade into soft, high plasticity, sensitive glaciomarine clay. Glaciomarine clay is locally notorious for excavation and embankment stability and foundation settlement problems. The shored excavation was required to provide an access pit to allow the installation of a 3 m diameter steel pipe culvert by Horizontal Pile Driving (HPD). The braced sheet pile wall was designed using the Terzaghi Apparent Earth Pressure distribution and conventional limit equilibrium analysis methods. The excavation was undertaken in stages as the bracing was installed and ground deformation was monitored using slope inclinometers and by survey of surface targets. The case history describes the performance of the excavation and compares predicted to monitored displacements. A particular issue related to face stability due to clay squeezing and running sand during bulkhead sheet pile removal required to commence HPD for culvert installation. The bulkhead face was stabilized by grouting with a water reactive polyurethane grout prior to sheet pile removal.