gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of MR Gradient Effects in CZT Detectors Used in a SPECT/MRI System (2020)

The first stage of testing towards the further development of a full-ring SPECT/MR system has been evaluated. Performance of the cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors were found to be unaffected by the static magnetic field, however they were found to react unreliably during simultaneous imaging when the MR sequence repetition time (TR) was less than 400ms and were influenced significantly by the imaging gradients. In an effort to better understand this phenomenon, component testing was performed by subjecting the CZT detector modules and electronics to various gradient sequences in a stand-alone gradient testing apparatus. We exposed the modules to 31 unique gradient sequence shapes of varying power and duration, typical of those used in clinical MR devices while simultaneously operating the CZT modules in event readout mode. Results indicate that certain detector pixels were preferentially affected (typically around the periphery of the detector array), leading to induced currents in the detector material and significant increases in erroneous event rates during the gradient ramp-up and ramp-down phases. The shape of the gradient waveform was also seen to have an effect on the detector performance with higher slew rates leading to impaired performance. Hardware disabling of the most severely affected pixels led to some reduction in erroneous background events, however, it also resulted in reduced detector resolution and sensitivity. Subsequent work led to the development of a gradient triggering circuit to momentarily suspend CZT event detection during the MR gradient ramp up and ramp down intervals. Subsequent testing of this circuit in a clinical 3T MR was performed. When gradient triggering was enabled, erroneous event data was reduced to near zero levels and resultant images show no structural differences when compared to control acquisitions. During gradient application, the CZT modules are suspended, thus yielding a 60% drop in sensitivity due to the additional deadtime of the triggering. The produced MR image showed a reduction in SNR of 92%. Co-registration of the MR and gamma camera images was successfully performed, showing both the structural and activity makeup of the phantom.
Liquid‐Crystalline Perylene Diester Polymers with Tunable Charge‐Carrier Mobility (2011)

Abstract New classes of liquid‐crystalline semiconductor polymers based on perylene diester benzimidazole and perylene diester imide mesogens are reported. Two highly soluble side‐chain polymers, poly(perylene diester benzimidazole acrylate) (PPDB) and poly(perylene diester imide acrylate) (PPDI) are synthesized by nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization (NMRP). PPDB shows n‐type semiconductor performance with electron mobilities of 3.2 × 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 obtained in a diode configuration by fitting the space‐charge‐limited currents (SCLC) according to the Mott–Gurney equation. Interestingly, PPDI performs preferentially as a p‐type material with a hole mobility of 1.5 × 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , which is attributed to the less electron‐deficient perylene core of PPDI compared to PPDB. Optical properties are investigated by UV‐vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The extended π‐conjugation system due to the benzimidazole unit of PPDB leads to a considerably broader absorption in the visible region compared to PPDI. HOMO and LUMO levels of the polymers are also determined by cyclic voltammetry; the resulting energy band‐gaps are 1.86 eV for PPDB and 2.16 eV for PPDI. Thermal behavior and liquid crystallinity are studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction measurements. The results indicate liquid‐crystalline order of the polymers over a broad temperature range. These thermal, electrical, and optical properties make the perylene side‐chain polymers attractive materials for organic photovoltaics.
Data-Driven Precoded MIMO Detection Robust to Channel Estimation Errors (2021)

We study the problem of symbol detection in downlink coded multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with precoding and without the explicit knowledge of the channel-state information (CSI) at the receiver. In this context, we investigate the impact of imperfect CSI at the transmitter (CSIT) on the detection performance. We first model the CSIT degradation based on channel estimation errors to investigate its impact on the detection performance at the receiver. To mitigate the effect of CSIT deterioration at the latter, we propose learning-based techniques for hard and soft detection that use downlink precoded pilot symbols as training data. We note that these pilots are originally intended for signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) estimation. We validate the approach by proposing a lightweight implementation that is suitable for online training using several state-of-the-art classifiers. We compare the bit-error rate (BER) and the runtime complexity of the proposed approaches where we achieve superior detection performance in harsh channel conditions while maintaining low computational requirements. Specifically, numerical results show that severe CSIT degradation impedes the correct detection when a conventional detector is used. However, the proposed learning-based detectors can achieve good detection performance even under severe CSIT deterioration, and can yield 4-8 dB power gain for BER values lower than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> when compared to the classic linear minimum mean square error (MMSE) detector.
Negatively charged AuNP modified with monoclonal antibody against novel tumor antigen FAT1 for tumor targeting (2015)

According to in vitro and in vivo research results, the intracellular uptake of negatively charged AuCOOH_mAB198.3 particles is enhanced to a greater extent. Thus, AuCOOH_mAb198.3 holds significant potential to improve the treatment of cancer.
Probing adsorbate oscillation on metal surfaces using ultrafast extreme ultraviolet pulses (2003)

We observe the oscillation of CO on a Pt (111) surface excited by ultrafast infrared pulses using time-resolved extreme ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy.
Individualized cancer vaccine to elicit tumor debulking immunity in advanced HCC. (2018)

e15054 Background: A bioengineered allograft (BAG) designed to elicit the same anti-tumor effects as allogeneic stem cell transplant (ASCT) without GVHD, matched donor or chemotherapy conditioning was combined with heat shock proteins (HSP) purified from lysed biopsy samples to make a personalized therapeutic vaccine. BAG activates innate and adaptive immunity and counter-regulates the suppressive tumor microenvironment. Methods: 15 subjects with advanced HCC, BCLC stage C, Child Pugh class A, ECOG < 2, 13/15 first line, 2/15 second line, 14/15 macrovascular invasion, 10/15 extrahepatic disease, 10/15 HBV+ and 2/15 HCV+. Subjects were primed with 4 intradermal (ID) injections of BAG and vaccinated with 4 ID HSP+BAG over 24d, followed on d28 by 5 monthly IV BAG+ ID HSP boosters. Longitudinal liver biopsies, CT scans and plasma were collected. Serum was analyzed for HSP70 (tumor lysis), IL-6 (HCC growth factor) and sCD163 (macrophage activation). Results: Of the 15 subjects, 11 had liver lesions evaluable at Day 56 by mRECIST. In the target liver lesions: 2/11 (18%) had CR , 2/11 (18%) PR, 4/11 (36%) SD and 3/11 (27%) PD. Later, 2 PD transformed to SD; 1 PR to CR. Liver biopsy demonstrated increased T-cell infiltration at the border of tumor nests surrounded by tumor necrosis and new fibrosis. Most liver responders exhibited progression of existing extrahepatic lesions and/or new lymphadenopathy. Currently, survival is trending favorably to historic controls with 1/15 clinically stable at 16 months, 5/15 at 6 months and 1/15 at 5 months. Historical control: 4.2 months (3.75–5.46). The ORR/DCR in liver was 4/11 (36%)/ 10/11 (90%). HSP70 increased and IL-6 decreased in most responders. Survival trended with decreased serum sCD163 expression. No DLT or AE > grade III associated with vaccine. Conclusions: Evidence from longitudinal radiology, pathology and biomarker data supports unprecedented tumor killing effects in the liver in this population. Extrahepatic disease progression possibly represents an
Split torque type gearbox fault detection using acoustic emission and vibration sensors (2010)

In comparison with a traditional planetary gearbox, the split torque gearbox (STG) potentially offers lower weight, increased reliability, and improved efficiency. These benefits have driven the helicopter OEMs to develop products using the STG. However, this may pose a challenge for the current gear analysis methods used in Health and Usage Monitoring Systems (HUMS). Gear analysis uses time synchronous averages to separates in frequency gears that are physically close to a sensor. The effect of a large number of synchronous components (gears or bearing) in close proximity may significantly reduce the fault signal (decreased signal to noise) and therefore reduce the effectiveness of current gear analysis algorithms. As of today, only a limited research on STG fault diagnosis using vibration sensors has been conducted. In this paper, an investigation on STG fault detection using both vibration and acoustic emission (AE) sensors is reported. In particular, signals of both vibration and AE sensors on a notational STG type gearbox were collected from seeded fault tests. Gear fault features were extracted from vibration signals using a Hilbert-Huang Transform (HHT) based algorithm and from AE signals using AE analysis. These fault features were input to a K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm for fault detection. The investigation results showed that both vibration and AE sensors were capable of detecting the gear fault in a STG. However, in terms of locating the source of the fault, AE sensors outperformed vibration sensors.
Excitation Energies from Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory (1996)

A new density-functional approach to calculate the excitation spectrum of many-electron systems is proposed. It is shown that the full linear density response of the interacting system, which has poles at the exact excitation energies, can rigorously be expressed in terms of the response function of the noninteracting (Kohn-Sham) system and a frequency-dependent exchange-correlation kernel. Using this expression, the poles of the full response function are obtained by systematic improvement upon the poles of the Kohn-Sham response function. Numerical results are presented for atoms.
From the Lab to Scaling‐up Thin Film Solar Absorbers (2018)

This chapter describes the journey of scaling-up thin film solar cell technology using electrodeposition of metal stacks and annealing to create the final chalcopyrite p-type absorber layer. The fundamentals of electrodeposition of copper, indium on copper, and gallium on indium, copper and gold were studied using a rotating disk electrode and a rotating electrode of 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm. In a photovoltaics (PV) device, micro pits tend to enlarge during prolonged storage. This, in turn, may result in lowering the solar absorber efficiency. For the chalcopyrite (CuInGa(Se,S)2 or CIGS), and the kesterite (Cu2ZnSn(Se,S)4 or CZTS) thin films, electrodeposition offers very low cost of manufacturing with a continuous reel-to-reel or roll-to-roll process. To assess the large-scale electrodeposition process, compatible with mass production, a prototype able to process sequentially copper, indium, and gallium at 60 cm × 120 cm scale was built at NEXCIS in partnership with an equipment supplier.
Influence of the Method of Fe Deposition on the Surface of Hydrolytic Lignin on the Activity in the Process of Its Conversion in the Presence of CO2 (2023)

Hydrolytic lignin is one of the non-demanded carbon materials. Its CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted conversion is an important way to utilize it. The use of the catalysts prepared by metal deposition on the surface of hydrolytic lignin makes it possible to apply milder conditions of the conversion process with CO<sub>2</sub> and to improve the economic indicators. The development of methods of deposition of the active phase is a problem of high importance for any heterogeneous catalytic processes. This work aimed at investigating the influence of the conditions of iron deposition on the surface of hydrolytic lignin on the process of CO<sub>2</sub>-assisted conversion of lignin. Different Fe precursors (Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, FeSO<sub>4</sub>, Fe<sub>2</sub>(SO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub>), solvents (water, isopropanol, acetone, and ethanol), and concentrations of the solution were used; the properties of Fe/lignin composites were estimated by SEM, EDX, TEM, XRD methods and catalytic tests. All the prepared samples demonstrate a higher conversion compared to starting lignin itself in the carbon dioxide-assisted conversion process. The carbon dioxide conversion was up to 66% at 800 °C for the sample prepared from Fe(NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> using a twofold water volume compared to incipient wetness water volume as a solvent (vs. 39% for pure lignin).
Using signals of human interest to enhance single-document summarization (2008)

As the amount of information on the Web grows, the ability to retrieve relevant information quickly and easily is necessary. The combination of ample news sources on the Web, little time to browse news, and smaller mobile devices motivates the development of automatic highlight extraction from single news articles. Our system, NetSum, is the first system to produce highlights of an article and significantly outperform the baseline. Our approach uses novel information sources to exploit human interest for highlight extraction. In this paper, we briefly describe the novelties of NetSum, originally presented at EMNLP 2007, and embed our work in the AI context.
Location l-Diversity against Multifarious Inference Attacks (2012)

The increasing use of location-based services leads these users to publish their locations unintentionally. Adversarial attackers can identify the user and find sensitive locations where the user often visits. Although l-diversity can be applied to location data and protect the user's privacy by preserving variations of locations, it does not consider the difference of the adversary's knowledge and does not properly address each sensitive location. The sensitive locations vary depending on the adversary's knowledge which reflects the relationship between the adversary and the user. In this paper, we introduce multi-dimensional l-diversity (MDlD), an enhancement of location l-diversity, to control the privacy risk from published locations by considering the specific knowledge that an adversary has on the user. We also propose an anonymization algorithm that adopts both generalization and suppression of locations to satisfy the MDlD. To reduce information loss and to preserve the number of locations for each user as much as possible, our algorithm applies generalization preferentially to suppression. We also show the practicality of our algorithm based on experimental results which used two real world datasets. The results show the fact that MDlD enables the publication of precise enough location information while still preserving user's privacy.
A measurement driven, 802.11 anti-jamming system (2009)

Dense, unmanaged 802.11 deployments tempt saboteurs into launching jamming attacks by injecting malicious interference. Nowadays, jammers can be portable devices that transmit intermittently at low power in order to conserve energy. In this paper, we first conduct extensive experiments on an indoor 802.11 network to assess the ability of two physical layer functions, rate adaptation and power control, in mitigating jamming. In the presence of a jammer we find that: (a) the use of popular rate adaptation algorithms can significantly degrade network performance and, (b) appropriate tuning of the carrier sensing threshold allows a transmitter to send packets even when being jammed and enables a receiver capture the desired signal. Based on our findings, we build ARES, an Anti-jamming REinforcement System, which tunes the parameters of rate adaptation and power control to improve the performance in the presence of jammers. ARES ensures that operations under benign conditions are unaffected. To demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of ARES, we evaluate it in three wireless testbeds: (a) an 802.11n WLAN with MIMO nodes, (b) an 802.11a/g mesh network with mobile jammers and (c) an 802.11a WLAN. We observe that ARES improves the network throughput across all testbeds by up to 150%.
Optical emission and absorption studies of silver atoms in rare gas matrixes at 12 K; silver atom cryophotoaggregation (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptical emission and absorption studies of silver atoms in rare gas matrixes at 12 K; silver atom cryophotoaggregationS. A. Mitchell, J. Farrell, G. A. Kenney-Wallace, and G. A. OzinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 26, 7702–7709Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00546a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00546a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reproduction Studies on Talampicillin Hydrochloride (TAPC) (1975)

Talampicillin hydrochloride (TAPC) was administered orally to mice from the 7th to 13th day of gestation once a day at doses of 31, 63, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg and its teratogenic effects on fetuses and newborns were examined.1. At every dose, the general behavior of dams remained normal with no death during the test. However, at doses over 250 mg/kg, the increase in body weight of dams was suppressed.2. At doses over 250 mg/kg, the body weight gain of fetuses was suppressed roughly in parallel with the dose. This was not observed at doses below 63 mg/kg, while a dose of 125 mg/kg was a critical one at which the suppression of fetal growth was observed in some but not in other experiment. Lethal action on fetuses and teratogenic effects were not observed at any dose.3. The period of gestation, delivery and nursing were not affected at any dose. Nor was there observed any deleterious effect on the growth and development of newborns except that the female body weight of the group given 1000 mg/kg was slightly less than that of the control until 4 days after delivery.
Supplementary Figure 13 from Sensitive Detection of Minimal Residual Disease in Patients Treated for Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patients who were recurrence free after treatment for early stage breast cancer. cfDNA time points for all patients who did not experienced recurrence. Those marked with poor detection limits had an estimated detection limit worse than 1/1,000. End points represent time of last follow up or death.&lt;/p&gt;
Inorganic Protection of Polymer Nanocapsules: A Strategy to Improve the Efficiency of Encapsulated Optically Active Molecules (2018)

Abstract We demonstrate that the efficiency under ambient conditions of optically active molecules encapsulated in polymer nanocapsules can be significantly improved by depositing an inorganic layer onto the polymeric shell. A triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (TTA‐UC) system consisting of a porphyrin derivative and perylene is used as a representative case. Different inorganic materials are deposited on the surface of functionalized polymer nanocapsules synthesized by free‐radical polymerization in miniemulsion. First, a silicate clay with formula [Si 8 (Mg 5.45 Li 0.4 )O 20 (OH) 4 ]Na 0.7 is deposited on the surface of positively charged polystyrene nanocapsules via layer‐by‐layer deposition. Second, controlled in situ mineralization of hydroxyapatite and cerium(IV) oxide are carried out on the surface of negatively charged polystyrene nanocapsules. In both cases the inorganic materials on the nanocapsule surface act as a scavenger and avoid the entry of oxygen from the external environment. By avoiding the entry of oxygen, the photo‐oxidation process of perylene molecules is avoided within the system, and an increase in the TTA‐UC properties occurs.
Field-Scale Modelling and Sensitivity Analysis of DME Enhanced Waterflooding (2016)

Abstract Di-methyl-ether (DME) is a solvent with clear potential for EOR through its novel use in DME enhanced water flooding (DEW). Fundamentally, this phase behaviour driven EOR process is based on an immiscible displacement of the oil phase by the water phase, enhanced by DME mass transfer between the two phases. Modelling such a process is far from trivial and requires a tailored modelling approach. In previous work (Chernetsky, et al., 2015) a dynamic model for DEW was successfully employed to history match core-flood experiments. This paper builds on this work by analyzing the driving mechanisms and sensitivities at different stages of the DEW process and describing the process of efficient upscaling of the model to field scale. The first part of this paper presents the basic modelling workflow for DEW for light to medium oils and typical concentration and saturation profiles and ternary diagrams. The objective is to determine the main driving mechanisms and their impact on the incremental oil recovery and DME utilization. The second part of the paper focusses on the upscaling of the DEW model to field scale. In particular, sensitivities to reservoir heterogeneity, relative permeability data and grid size are discussed through examples of sector and field models. The one-dimensional sensitivity studies provide valuable insight into the efficiency and dependencies of the fundamental recovery mechanism. The sensitivities focus on incremental oil recovery and DME efficiency and cover design parameters relevant to the DEW process, such as DME slug size and brine salinity, oil properties, remaining oil saturation and parameters used in simulation studies, such as grid size. Results for field scale modelling give guidance on how the DEW models can be effectively upscaled and what sensitivities can be expected at reservoir scale, and show the value of the model in supporting decision making and implementation of DEW in the field. Recommendations for field scale modelling are given, based on sensitivity analyses for various DEW scenarios. Computational techniques, such as adaptive gridding and parallel computing, are proposed to overcome limitations due to grid size sensitivity.