gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bosentan Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Comparison of Dried Blood Spot and Plasma Analysis (2016)

FUTURE-3, a phase III pediatric pharmacokinetic (PK) trial conducted to compare 2 bosentan dosing regimens in 64 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, offered the opportunity to compare dried blood spot (DBS)-derived data to plasma data. Bosentan PK parameters obtained with both methods were compared by the geometric mean ratio (GMR; DBS/plasma) and its 90% CI after correction for the blood-to-plasma partition ratio (0.6). Bosentan GMRs were 1.10 (1.03, 1.16) and 1.12 (1.04, 1.20) for AUCτ and Cmax, respectively. Bosentan concentrations measured by DBS were therefore good estimations of bosentan plasma concentrations. DBS can be considered a valid alternative to bosentan assessed in plasma.
Enzymatic Degradation of DNA Probed by In Situ X-ray Scattering (2019)

Label-free <i>in situ</i> X-ray scattering from protein spherical nucleic acids (Pro-SNAs, consisting of protein cores densely functionalized with covalently bound DNA) was used to elucidate the enzymatic reaction pathway for the DNase I-induced degradation of DNA. Time-course small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and gel electrophoresis reveal a two-state system with time-dependent populations of intact and fully degraded DNA in the Pro-SNAs. SAXS shows that in the fully degraded state, the DNA strands forming the outer shell of the Pro-SNA were completely digested. SAXS analysis of reactions with different Pro-SNA concentrations reveals a reaction pathway characterized by a slow, rate determining DNase I-Pro-SNA association, followed by rapid DNA hydrolysis. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations provide the distributions of monovalent and divalent ions around the Pro-SNA, relevant to the activity of DNase I. Taken together, <i>in situ</i> SAXS in conjunction with MD simulations yield key mechanistic and structural insights into the interaction of DNA with DNase I. The approach presented here should prove invaluable in probing other enzyme-catalyzed reactions on the nanoscale.
pH-operated hybrid silica nanoparticles with multiple H-bond stoppers for colon cancer therapy (2015)

Controlled delivery of a chemotherapeutic drug from pH-sensitive hybrid silica nanocarriers efficiently targets colon carcinoma cells. The drug, blocked by cyanuric acid as stopper, is autonomously released inside the cancer cells.
Interest Point Detection Based on Stochastically Derived Stability (2011)

We propose a novel framework called StochasticSIFT for detecting interest points (IPs) in video sequences. The proposed framework incorporates a stochastic model considering the temporal dynamics of videos into the SIFT detector to improve robustness against fluctuations inherent to video signals. Instead of detecting IPs and then removing unstable or inconsistent IP candidates, we introduce IP stability derived from a stochastic model of inherent fluctuations to detect more stable IPs. The experimental results show that the proposed IP detector outperforms the SIFT detector in terms of repeatability and matching rates.
Experimental Generation of ELF Radio Signals Using a Rotating Magnet (2018)

This paper presents a simple, compact, and low-power method for generating extremely low-frequency radio signals below ~500 Hz. This paper is motivated by the prohibitively large size and low efficiency of conventional antennas operating in this frequency range. The successful generation of time-varying magnetic fields produced by the physical rotation of a 3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> permanent magnet is demonstrated. Ground plane and receiver orientation effects are analyzed both theoretically and experimentally. Observations as a function of distance from the source indicate that the fields are dominated by the static component, rather than by the radiation component, of the generated field. Based on these observations, the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a spinning magnet source is predicted to be weak. Nevertheless, static magnetic signaling using this technique is proven to be both possible and practical at frequencies below ~500 Hz and at distances in excess of 100 m.
Optical Biosensors: Rapid and Digital Detection of Inflammatory Biomarkers Enabled by a Novel Portable Nanoplasmonic Imager (Small 3/2020) (2020)

In article number 1906108, Anna Fàbrega, Hatice Altug, and co-workers present a portable optical biosensor based on nanoparticle-enhanced digital plasmonic imaging to assist sepsis diagnosis, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of blood-circulating disease biomarkers. The low-cost device is tested with patient samples in a hospital and is shown to provide performance equivalent to gold-standard laboratory tests.
A role for self-recognizing T cells in the regulation of antibody-forming and cell-mediated cytotoxic responses in the mouse. (1985)

Mitogen- or antigen-activated murine spleen and thymus cell blasts have been used as inducer cells to stimulate production of suppressor T cells (Ts) in autologous mixed leucocyte culture. Ts cells were induced in an MHC-restricted fashion and produced suppression of cell-mediated lympholysis and antibody synthesis from fresh spleen cells sharing MHC haplotypes with the Ts pool. Ts were Thy 1+, Lyt 1+ cells. Induction of Ts depended upon expression of class II MHC antigens on stimulating cells, but the level of Ts induced by different populations of suppressor inducer cells was not correlated with the level of Ia antigen expression. Activity of suppressor inducer cells was correlated with the functional activity of the inducer pool. The data are interpreted to favour a model in which Ts are induced by associative recognition on stimulator cells of class II MHC antigens and lymphocyte recognition receptors as nominal antigen (i.e. Ts are auto anti-idiotypic in nature). Using as stimulator/responder cells in AMLR lymphocytes taken from normal (8-week) or aged (greater than 24-month) mice, data were obtained consistent with this model and with earlier evidence for an altered expression of both lymphocyte recognition receptors and/or class II antigens in senescence.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Chiral Molecules from Non‐Chiral Crystals by Controlled Reaction at a Single Surface. (1987)

Abstract A procedure is described for performing reactions at a single face of a single crystal of organic compounds, using as examples the cis‐dihydroxylation of tiglic (Ia) and crotonic (Ib) acids by osmium tetroxide (II) and the dibromination of (Ia).
Temperature sensitivity of passive holographic wavelength-division multiplexers–demultiplexers (2000)

We derive a set of concise formulas to characterize the temperature sensitivity of holographic wavelength-division multiplexers-demultiplexers (H-MUX's-H-DMUX's). The normalized parameters such as dispersion abilities, central wavelength shift rate, and variations of insertion loss hold for general grating-based wavelength-division multiplexing-demultiplexing (WDM-WDDM) structures. The results are applicable to both wide-WDM-WDDM and dense ones working in 800-, 1300-, and 1550-nm optical wavelength windows, regardless of whether their input-output ports are single-mode or multimode fibers. Detailed analysis and experiments are carried out on a fully packaged four-channel H-MUX-H-DMUX. The experimental results at temperatures from 25 to 80 degrees C fit nicely with the theoretical prediction. We conclude that passive grating-based H-MUX's-H-DMUX's are promising for meeting the requirements on temperature sensitivity in optical data communications and telecommunications. Most of the analysis can be applied to other types of Bragg-grating-based WDM-WDDM.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of a High Affinity Peptidomimetic Opioid Agonist from Peptide Pharmacophore Models. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Quantum Size Effects in Nanocrystalline Semiconducting TiO2 Layers Prepared by Anodic Oxidative Hydrolysis of TiCl3. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intestinal PPARδ protects against diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia (2017)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that has an important role in lipid metabolism. Activation of PPARδ stimulates fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle and improves dyslipidemia in mice and humans. PPARδ is highly expressed in the intestinal tract but its physiological function in this organ is not known. Using mice with an intestinal epithelial cell-specific deletion of PPARδ, we show that intestinal PPARδ protects against diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Furthermore, absence of intestinal PPARδ abolished the ability of PPARδ agonist GW501516 to increase plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol. Together, our findings show that intestinal PPARδ is important in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and suggest that intestinal-specific activation of PPARδ could be a therapeutic approach for treatment of the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, while avoiding systemic toxicity.
Doppler Spectrum Analysis of a Roadside Scatterer Model for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Channels: An Indirect Method (2018)

In vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) channels, roadside scatterers (RSSs), such as houses, buildings, trees, and many more, play a crucial role in the determination of the Doppler power spectral density (DPSD) characteristics. However, the relevant research results are scarce due to the lack of computationally tractable analytic DPSD solutions. To fill this gap, we investigate an indirect method for the DPSD analysis of a generic 2-D RSS model for V2V channels. The indirect method, based on Hoeher's theorem, employs successive transformations of random variables to obtain the DPSD. Compared with the conventional methods, leading to impractical multiple integral solutions, our method yields a single integral form, more useful for analytic studies, model validation/parameter estimation, and fading simulator design. Using the new DPSD solution, the impact of different RSS layouts on the DPSD characteristics is further investigated, and several new insights are provided. The joint probability density function (PDF) of the angle-of-departure and the angle-of-arrival (AoA) and the joint Doppler-AoA PDF are newly presented in closed forms and analyzed with respect to the DPSD shape. Comparisons with the DPSDs measured in highway and urban canyon environments demonstrate not only the validity of the generic 2-D RSS model but also the significant contribution of RSSs to V2V channels.
Plasma N-Glycan Profiling by Mass Spectrometry for Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation Type II (2011)

MALDI ion trap analysis of plasma N-glycans documents features that discriminate between primary and secondary causes of underglycosylation and should be applied as the first step in the diagnostic track of all patients with an unsolved CDG type II.
Expression of multiple integrins and extracellular matrix components by C6 glioma cells (1992)

We have investigated the expression of integrins in C6 glioma, a chemically-induced glial tumor cell line from rat brain. Immunochemical analysis revealed that C6 cells express sets of integrin receptor complexes which immunologically and electrophoretically are indistinguishable from those expressed by normal rat skin fibroblasts. These include the well-characterized fibronectin (alpha 5 beta 1) and the multi-specific laminin, collagen and fibronectin (alpha 3 beta 1) receptors. Assay of cell adhesion indicated that C6 cells adhere to fibronectin-coated surfaces or matrix deposited by the C6 glioma cells (CGM) in an RGD- and divalent cation-dependent fashion. However, anti-fibronectin antibodies, which are able to inhibit fibroblast adhesion to fibronectin, did not inhibit adhesion of the C6 cells to fibronectin or CGM. This may reflect differences in functional properties and/or distribution patterns of integrins in C6 cells and normal fibroblasts.
CT of the liver: a survey of prevailing methods for administration of contrast material (1988)

The members of the Society of Body Computed Tomography were surveyed to determine the most frequently used method of administering contrast material in CT studies of the liver. The respondents represented CT departments performing liver examinations in 22 institutions. No department relied solely on noncontrast scans. In 12 (54%) of 22 institutions, only contrast-enhanced scans were performed. The preferred dose for enhancement was 150 ml of 60% contrast material. Eight (36%) of the 22 respondents obtained images during the administration of a bolus of contrast material, whereas nine (41%) obtained images during the administration of a sustained drip infusion given after a loading bolus. Follow-up in 1987 revealed that two departments had switched to obtaining images during the administration of a bolus. The availability of CT power injectors and refinements in the rapid-scanning capabilities of CT scanners have increased the popularity of obtaining images of the liver during the administration of a bolus of contrast material. Despite this, in many departments, contrast material is still administered via drip infusion in CT studies of the liver.
3-Hydroxypyrrolidines from epoxysulfonamides and dimethylsulfoxonium methylide (2006)

N-Tosyl-protected 3-hydroxypyrrolidines are prepared by reaction of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide with readily available epoxysulfonamides.
Bead Arrays for Antibody and Complement Profiling Reveal Joint Contribution of Antibody Isotypes to C3 Deposition (2014)

The development of antigen arrays has provided researchers with great tools to identify reactivities against self or foreign antigens from body fluids. Yet, these approaches mostly do not address antibody isotypes and their effector functions even though these are key points for a more detailed understanding of disease processes. Here, we present a bead array-based assay for a multiplexed determination of antigen-specific antibody levels in parallel with their properties for complement activation. We measured the deposition of C3 fragments from serum samples to reflect the degree of complement activation via all three complement activation pathways. We utilized the assay on a bead array containing native and citrullinated peptide antigens to investigate the levels of IgG, IgM and IgA autoantibodies along with their complement activating properties in serum samples of 41 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 40 controls. Our analysis revealed significantly higher IgG reactivity against the citrullinated fibrinogen β and filaggrin peptides as well as an IgA reactivity that was exclusive for citrullinated fibrinogen β peptide and C3 deposition in rheumatoid arthritis patients. In addition, we characterized the humoral immune response against the viral EBNA-1 antigen to demonstrate the applicability of this assay beyond autoimmune conditions. We observed that particular buffer compositions were demanded for separate measurement of antibody reactivity and complement activation, as detection of antigen-antibody complexes appeared to be masked due to C3 deposition. We also found that rheumatoid factors of IgM isotype altered C3 deposition and introduced false-positive reactivities against EBNA-1 antigen. In conclusion, the presented bead-based assay setup can be utilized to profile antibody reactivities and immune-complex induced complement activation in a high-throughput manner and could facilitate the understanding and diagnosis of several diseases where complement activation plays role in the pathomechanism.
Therapeutic index improvement of antibody-drug conjugates (2023)

The commentary by Colombo and Rich recently published in Cancer Cell provides a timely and comprehensive review of the clinical maximum tolerated doses (MTDs) of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) and their corresponding small molecules/chemotherapies. The authors identified similarities between their MTDs and therefore question the historic assumptions made for ADCs, namely, that they increase the MTDs of their corresponding cytotoxic molecules. However, the authors did not address the superior anti-tumor responses of ADCs compared to their corresponding chemotherapies, as reported in clinical trials. In this point of view, we propose a revised model wherein the anti-tumor activities of ADCs and consequently their therapeutic indexes (TIs) are not solely associated with changes not only in their MTDs but also in their minimal effective doses (MEDs). In addition, when using an exposure-based TI calculation method, the superior anti-tumor activities of ADCs relative to their corresponding chemotherapy can readily be explained. We discussed the clinical and preclinical data in support of lower MEDs of ADCs and generated a revised graph illustrating the TI improvements of ADCs vs chemotherapy more accurately. We believe that our revised model can provide a blueprint for future improvements in protein engineering and chemical engineering of toxins to further advance ADC research and development.
Knee Simulator Wear of Polyethylene Tibias Articulating against Explanted Rough Femoral Components (2004)

Highly cross-linked and melted polyethylene tibial inserts have recently been introduced for clinical use to reduce fatigue damage and adhesive wear in tibial inserts. Other authors have studied the effect of counterface roughness on the wear behavior of polyethylene tibial inserts in knee simulators using femoral components that were roughened artificially. They reported a higher wear rate with highly cross-linked polyethylene than with unirradiated polyethylene tibial inserts. Artificial roughening of femoral components may not be clinically relevant. To evaluate this concern, we studied the wear behavior of highly cross-linked and conventional polyethylene tibial inserts articulating in vitro against surgically retrieved femoral components that had become roughened in vivo. The wear rate of the highly cross-linked polyethylene (5.9 and 6.8 mg/1 million cycles with 100 and 50% serum) was 80% lower than the wear rate of the conventional polyethylene (33.5 and 32.2 mg/1 million cycles with 100 and 50% serum) tibial inserts after 2 million cycles of simulated gait. This study suggests that during in vivo use, scratches that are generated on the femoral components are likely to produce a higher wear rate with both cross-linked and conventional polyethylene than a smooth femoral component, but that this wear rate is likely to be higher with conventional polyethylene than with highly cross-linked polyethylene tibial inserts.
JSS FOCUS ISSUE ON CHEMICAL MECHANICAL PLANARIZATION: ADVANCED MATERIAL AND CONSUMABLE CHALLENGES Further Investigation of Slurry Additives for Selective Polishing of SiO2 Films over Si3N4 Using Ceria Dispersions (2015)

Following our earlier analysis of amino acids, we investigated the effectiveness of acetic acid, pyridine, and sorbitol that were chosen to represent carboxylic acid, amine and alcohol functional group families, respectively, as additives in ceria dispersions for polishing SiO2 and Si3N4 films. By comparing the speciation of the additives available and the material removal rates with respect to pH, we identified that the removal rates of nitride, but not oxide, are suppressed to <1 nm/min in the pH range where the additive species containing a protonated amino group or a neutral carboxylic group or a neutral hydroxyl group are dominant. All of these species are strong hydrogen bond donors and can form strong hydrogen bonds with Si3N4 surface while their corresponding bonding on SiO2 surface sites is weaker. The stronger hydrogen bonding hinders Si3N4 hydrolysis and suppresses Si3N4 removal. In contrast, the weakly bound additive species are easily removed from the SiO2 surface by the polishing pad and the ceria abrasives, leading to high SiO2 to Si3N4 removal rate selectivity. Similar results were also obtained with valeric acid, imidazole, glucose, sucrose, and mannitol, confirming the importance of a strong hydrogen bond formation in a broader class of additives. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by ECS. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse of the work in any
Biphasic Liquid Metal Composites for Sinter‐Free Printed Stretchable Electronics (2022)

Abstract This work introduces and presents a comprehensive study on a series of biphasic liquid metal (LM) composites that benefit from high conductivity, excellent stretchability, a low gauge‐factor, excellent adhesion to a wide range of substrates, for sinter‐free writing complex stretchable circuits. These trinary material systems are composed of a block‐co‐polymer binder, EGaIn liquid metal, and a microparticle (μP) filler (Ag flakes, Ag‐coated‐Ni, Ag‐coated‐Fe, Ni, Ferrite, or TiC). They combine the fluidic behavior, resilience, and self‐healing properties of LMs, and the printability, adhesion, and elastic integrity of elastomers. Unlike the previous efforts with LM‐polymer composites and printed EGaIn nanodroplets, these composites are intrinsically conductive and do not require any thermal/optical/mechanical sintering. The binary combinations (LM‐SIS, LM‐Ag, Ag‐SIS) are first synthesized and characterized, and then the trinary LM‐μP‐SIS composites are evaluated. This includes analysis of microstructure, surface roughness, conductivity, electromechanical coupling, and LM smearing/leakage during mechanical loading, as well as the examination of the influence of filler particle size and composition. It is found that a binary combination of Ag‐EGaIn or EGaIn‐SIS does not result in the desired properties, and only trinary combination with conductive μP, preferably Ag, results in a printable, stretchable and sinter‐free composite. As an application, a digitally‐printed epidermal sticker for respiration monitoring is demonstrated.
Access Network Information Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6 (2011)

This specification defines a mechanism and a related mobility option
for carrying the access network identifier and the access operator
identification information from the mobile access gateway to the local
mobility anchor over Proxy Mobile IPv6. Based on the received
information, the local mobility anchor is able to provide access
network and access operator specific handling or policing for the
mobile node traffic.