gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Constructive Alignment Theory Implementation in a Power Systems Analysis Course Through Repertory Grids (2013)

Individuals perceive their environment in terms of their individual mental structures that in turn determine their attitudes toward that environment. This is the focus of personal construct theory (PCT), which states that experiences are meaningful only in relation to the way they are “constructed.” Within the higher education system, the “constructs” developed by students determine the way in which they perceive their learning environment and are used to judge or evaluate their learning experiences. To reveal the constructs developed by students, a structured interview methodology known as the repertory grid technique can be used. In this paper, the repertory grid technique is exploited to evaluate a consensus-based constructive alignment theory implementation in a M.Sc.-level power systems analysis course. The repertory grid technique is utilized as an approach to effectively gather feedback from students through interviews during course evaluation meetings. It is shown that the repertory grid technique provides much valuable, insightful quantitative and qualitative data. Experience in using this technique revealed shortcomings that are illustrated and discussed in detail. Various visual and statistical methods are applied to analyze the elicited repertory grids. These analyses, along with the other traditional feedback channels, gave insight into the teaching and learning activities (TLAs) involved in implementing Constructive Alignment Theory in a course and helped determine specific elements of the course design needing improvement for future course deliveries, thus helping to improve education in a cornerstone course of power systems engineering.
Polarization of light emission by 460nm GaInN∕GaN light-emitting diodes grown on (0001) oriented sapphire substrates (2007)

Measurements on the polarization of top- and side-emitted light as a function of direction are performed for 460nm GaInN unpackaged and packaged light-emitting diode (LED) chips with a multiquantum well (MQW) GaInN∕GaN active region grown on (0001) oriented sapphire substrates. Side emission is found to be highly polarized with the electric field in the plane of the MQW. Intensity ratios for in-plane to normal-to-plane polarization reach values as high as 7:1, while the total intensity for the in-plane polarization is more than twice as large compared to the normal-to-plane polarization. Despite these measured polarization characteristics, conventional packaged LEDs are found to be virtually unpolarized due to packaging.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of A new reagent for direct difluoromethylation. (2012)

Molecular scaffolds containing alkylfluorine substituents are desired in many areas of chemical research from materials to pharmaceuticals. Herein, we report the invention of a new reagent (Zn(SO(2)CF(2)H)(2), DFMS) for the innate difluoromethylation of organic substrates via a radical process. This mild, operationally simple, chemoselective, and scalable difluoromethylation method is compatible with a range of nitrogen-containing heteroarene substrates of varying complexity as well as select classes of conjugated π-systems and thiols. Regiochemical comparisons suggest that the CF(2)H radical generated from the new reagent possesses nucleophilic character.© 2012 American Chemical Society PMID: 22229949 Funding information This work was supported by: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: GM-073949 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 GM073949 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: F32 GM064163-01 NIGMS NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: F32 GM064163
Loss of Mir146b with aging contributes to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages (2021)

Macrophages undergo programmatic changes with age, leading to altered cytokine polarization and immune dysfunction, shifting these critical immune cells from protective sentinels to disease promoters. The molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage inflammaging are poorly understood. Using an unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach, we identified <i>Mir146b</i> as a microRNA whose expression progressively and unidirectionally declined with age in thioglycollate-elicited murine macrophages. <i>Mir146b</i> deficiency led to altered macrophage cytokine expression and reduced mitochondrial metabolic activity, two hallmarks of cellular aging. Single-cell RNA-seq identified patterns of altered inflammation and interferon gamma signaling in <i>Mir146b-</i>deficient macrophages. Identification of <i>Mir146b</i> as a potential regulator of macrophage aging provides novel insights into immune dysfunction associated with aging.
Improvements in the diagnosis of acute kidney injury. (2008)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) represents a wide range of heterogeneous clinical conditions with a high mortality rate. Despite improvements in our understanding of the disease processes, mortality has only marginally improved and remains unacceptably high. An additional consequence of AKI is the marked acceleration of pre-existing chronic kidney disease to end-stage renal disease. A major limitation in improving outcomes of AKI has been the lack of common standards for diagnosis and severity stratification. Serum creatinine is a late marker of kidney dysfunction and injury. Presently, no available commercial test offers diagnosis, nor the ability to stratify patients by severity of injury, early in the course of disease when therapy may be beneficial. The Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative (ADQI) group proposed a standard definition and classification system for the syndrome of acute renal failure. Based on data that even small changes of serum creatinine result in increased mortality, the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) has recently proposed modified criteria. Both staging systems emphasize changes in serum creatinine and urine output. There is also potential that a number of serum and urine bio-markers developed in preclinical studies and currently being investigated and validated, will enable the early diagnosis of AKI.
Bridging from Goals to Tasks with Design Study Analysis Reports (2017)

Visualization researchers and practitioners engaged in generating or evaluating designs are faced with the difficult problem of transforming the questions asked and actions taken by target users from domain-specific language and context into more abstract forms. Existing abstract task classifications aim to provide support for this endeavour by providing a carefully delineated suite of actions. Our experience is that this bottom-up approach is part of the challenge: low-level actions are difficult to interpret without a higher-level context of analysis goals and the analysis process. To bridge this gap, we propose a framework based on analysis reports derived from open-coding 20 design study papers published at IEEE InfoVis 2009-2015, to build on the previous work of abstractions that collectively encompass a broad variety of domains. The framework is organized in two axes illustrated by nine analysis goals. It helps situate the analysis goals by placing each goal under axes of specificity (Explore, Describe, Explain, Confirm) and number of data populations (Single, Multiple). The single-population types are Discover Observation, Describe Observation, Identify Main Cause, and Collect Evidence. The multiple-population types are Compare Entities, Explain Differences, and Evaluate Hypothesis. Each analysis goal is scoped by an input and an output and is characterized by analysis steps reported in the design study papers. We provide examples of how we and others have used the framework in a top-down approach to abstracting domain problems: visualization designers or researchers first identify the analysis goals of each unit of analysis in an analysis stream, and then encode the individual steps using existing task classifications with the context of the goal, the level of specificity, and the number of populations involved in the analysis.
Berichtigung: Efficient Hyperpolarization of U‐13C‐Glucose Using Narrow‐Line UV‐Generated Labile Free Radicals (2019)

In Tabelle 1 dieser Zuschrift wurden versehentlich mehrere Einträge der zweiten und dritten Zeile vertauscht. Die korrekte Tabelle 1 ist deshalb hier gezeigt. DNP Sample Radical conc [mm] ESR linewidth [MHz] SS Tb [s] SS pol [%] LS pol [%] LS T1n [s] TriPA 20±1 142 1836±28 42.9±2.8 26.8±1.1 19.8±1.0 d9-TriPA 40±1 131 1230±30 49.5±3.0 30.1±1.8 20.1±1.0 Trityl_DNP 30 108 1330±28 35.7±2.5 21.1±1.5 19.4±0.8
Spin Properties of Very Shallow Nitrogen Vacancy Defects in Diamond (2012)

We investigate spin and optical properties of individual nitrogen-vacancy centers located within 1-10 nm from the diamond surface. We observe stable defects with a characteristic optically detected magnetic resonance spectrum down to lowest depth. We also find a small, but systematic spectral broadening for defects shallower than about 2 nm. This broadening is consistent with the presence of a surface paramagnetic impurity layer [Tisler et al., ACS Nano 3, 1959 (2009)] largely decoupled by motional averaging. The observation of stable and well-behaved defects very close to the surface is critical for single-spin sensors and devices requiring nanometer proximity to the target.
Complications of endomyocardial biopsy in heart transplant patients. (1993)

Despite the increasing use of alternative techniques, endomyocardial biopsy remains the primary method for diagnosing cardiac allograft rejection. Improved patient longevity and an increasing number of transplantation centers are resulting in an increase in the number of biopsies performed. Although endomyocardial biopsy is usually considered a safe procedure, no large studies of the risks of endomyocardial biopsy specifically in the transplant population have been undertaken. To determine the risk of endomyocardial biopsy in these patients, we reviewed 2454 endomyocardial biopsies performed from January 1983 to December 1990 in 133 cardiac allograft patients at our institution. At the time of each endomyocardial biopsy, a worksheet was completed detailing the patient's interval history, the site of vascular introduction, the number of attempts, the number of specimens, and any complications encountered. A total of 74 (3.0%) complications occurred. Fifty-six (2.3%) complications were associated with catheter insertion, including carotid puncture (1.8%), vasovagal reaction (0.1%), and prolonged bleeding (0.4%). Complications during biopsy included arrhythmias (0.25%) and conduction abnormalities (0.2%). In addition, we observed five episodes (three patients) of allergic reaction to a reusable bioptome and one case of pacemaker dislodgement. All complications were without significant long-term sequelae. In contrast to the cardiomyopathy population, no ventricular perforations or deaths occurred. Thus although endomyocardial biopsy has some risk, it continues to be a safe and effective way of monitoring rejection.
Comparison of hypotensive effects of acutely administered human parathyroid hormone(1-34) in normal young and elderly subjects. (1989)

The effects of acute administration of human parathyroid hormone (1-34) [PTH(1-34)] on the blood pressure of 15 young (mean age +/- SD, 20.9 +/- 1.7 years; 7 males and 8 females) and 11 elderly (78.1 +/- 5.9 years; 4 males and 7 females) normal subjects were compared. The elderly subjects have a slightly, but significantly higher mean basal systolic blood pressure (132.4 +/- 17.7 mmHg) than the young subjects (118.7 +/- 11.4 mmHg), but the basal diastolic and mean blood pressures of the two groups were similar. Intravenous bolus infusion of PTH(1-34) at a dose of 100 U induced transient, but marked hypotension in all subjects. The mean maximal decrease in systolic blood pressure (-delta SBP was significantly more (p less than 0.01) in the elderly subjects (42.5 +/- 13.9 mmHg) than in the young subjects (8.0 +/- 8.9 mmHg), but the maximal decrease in diastolic blood pressure (-delta DBP) was similar in the elderly (25.6 +/- 13.9 mmHg) and young (27.3 +/- 10.9 mmHg) subjects. The maximal decrease in the mean blood pressure (-delta MBP) was also significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in the elderly subjects (31.9 +/- 8.7 mmHg) than in young ones (20.6 +/- 7.6 mmHg). The corrected serum level of calcium (scCa) was significantly (p less than 0.01) lower in the elderly subjects (9.6 +/- 0.2 mg/dl) than in the young ones (10.0 +/- 0.3 mg/dl), and the serum level of C-terminal parathyroid hormone (C-PTH) was significantly higher in the elderly subjects (270 +/- 80 pg/ml) than in the young ones (150 +/- 80 pg/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure responses to head elevation changes in pediatric traumatic brain injury* (2011)

In severe pediatric traumatic brain injury, the relationship between change in head of the bed and change in intracranial pressure was negative and linear. The lowest intracranial pressure was usually, but not always, achieved at highest head-of-the-bed angles. The effect size of a head-of-the-bed angle change depended, in part, on the subject's height. In contrast, cerebral perfusion pressure was mostly unaffected by head-of-the-bed changes.
Purification and Properties of Laticeptin, an Antimicrobial Peptide from Skin Secretions of the South American Frog Leptodactylus laticeps (2006)

Norepinephrine-stimulated skin secretions from the Sante Fe frog Leptodactylus laticeps contained high concentrations of a peptide, termed laticeptin, with the primary structure Gly-Val-Val-Asp-Ile-Leu-Lys-Gly-Ala-Ala-Lys-Asp-Leu-Ala-Gly-His-Leu-Ala-Thr-Lys-Val-Met-Asn-Lys-Leu.NH(2). Laticeptin inhibited the growth of selected Gram-negative bacteria but the lack of activity against Gram-positive bacteria and the very low hemolytic activity is probably a consequence of the weak amphipathicity of the peptide in its alpha-helical conformation.
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma After Treatment of Hodgkin's Disease: Association with Epstein-Barr Virus (1986)

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs infrequently as a late complication of obscure cause after treatment of Hodgkin's disease. We investigated the possible role of Epstein-Barr virus in the pathogenesis of such secondary malignancies of B-cell lineage. Two patients, aged 25 and 43 years, developed high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas 12 and 8 years after radiation therapy for Hodgkin's disease. Serologic profiles in these patients showed evidence of acute and past Epstein-Barr virus infections, respectively. Molecular hybridization analysis showed the presence of multiple cellular equivalents of virus genome in tumor specimens from each patient. Our findings suggest that Epstein-Barr virus may play an integral role in the pathogenesis of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of B-cell lineage that develops after treatment of Hodgkin's disease.
T3 Integrated transcriptomic analysis of human tuberculosis granulomas and a biomimetic model identifies sphingosine kinase 1 as a potential therapeutic target (2021)

<h3></h3> The global burden of tuberculosis (TB) continues at pandemic proportions, currently with a quarter of the world’s population infected with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (Mtb), and 1.4 million people dying from TB in 2019 (WHO, 2020). Mtb has undergone prolonged co-evolution with humans, with the balance between protective and pathological host responses likely to play a key role in determining clinical severity. Sarcoidosis is another granulomatous condition primarily affecting the lung and lymph nodes. TB and sarcoidosis share histological and clinical features, which can be indistinguishable, including immune-related phenomena which suggest shared immunological processes. Despite scientific advances, the immunopathology of TB and sarcoidosis remain incompletely understood. Here, we show the combination of unbiased analysis of patient samples and a biomimetic model has established a translational pipeline to identify new therapeutic approaches. We hypothesised that whole transcriptome analysis of human TB granulomas isolated by laser capture microdissection could identify therapeutic targets, and that comparison with sarcoidosis would identify disease-specific mechanisms. Treatment-naïve biopsies were analysed from seven TB patients, ten sarcoidosis patients and seven control samples. Bioinformatic analysis of RNAseq data identified one third of differentially expressed genes were communal to TB and sarcoidosis relative to control samples (absolute log<sub>2</sub> fold change ≥ 1.5, adjusted P value &lt; 0.05), with overlap of numerous pathways, including the extracellular matrix and cytokine signalling. Importantly, a TB unique cluster demonstrates TB results from a dysregulated inflammatory immune response, whereas a sarcoidosis predominant cluster relates to elevated lysosomal activity. To translate these insights, we compared three primary human cell culture models: classical 2D; 3D alginate; and 3D collagen model. We demonstrated the Mtb-infected 3D collagen model most closely reflected clinical TB biopsies. We investigated signalling pathways shared between human disease and the 3D model, and used a systematic selection process to identify twelve intracellular enzymes as potential therapeutic targets. Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) inhibition controlled Mtb growth in a dose-dependent manner, concurrently lowering intracellular pH in infected monocytes and suppressing inflammatory mediator secretion. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed that SphK1 is expressed in human lung TB granulomas, and therefore represents a potential novel host-directed therapeutic target to improve TB outcomes.
45nm High-k/Metal-Gate CMOS Technology for GPU/NPU Applications with Highest PFET Performance (2007)

Highest planar HK/MG PFET performance (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> = 790 muA at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 100 nA, Vdd= 1 V and Lg= 33 nm) has been demonstrated with a gate-first dual-metal CMOS integrated process and proven by functional SRAM cell. Integrating modern stressors without IL re-growth and achieving band edge work function without increasing T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">INV</sub> are two major challenges for gate-first HK/MG processes. In this work, band-edge effective work function has been achieved without increasing T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">INV</sub> . Furthermore, with successful integration of stress techniques like SiGe-S/D, SMT and CESL, not only performance was improved by 30% but also no reliability degradation was observed. Finally, no degradation from decreasing poly-pitch also suggests its good scalability to next generations.
Regulation of the KV4.2 complex by CaV3.1 calcium channels (2010)

A-type potassium current generated by the K(V)4 family of channels is an important factor regulating the frequency, latency and dendritic backpropagation of spike discharge. The K(V)4.2 complex of K(V)4.2-KChIP3-DPP10c was recently shown to form a novel signaling complex through its association with T-type Ca(V)3.2 or Ca(V)3.3 calcium channel isoforms. Ca(V)3-mediated calcium entry was shown to selectively right-shift the inactivation voltage of K(V)4.2 into the physiological range to modulate cerebellar stellate cell latency and gain. We now show that Ca(V)3.1 calcium channels can also associate with the K(V)4.2 complex to effect similar regulation of K(V)4.2 inactivation voltage. By comparison, no calcium-dependent shift in K(V)4.2 inactivation properties was elicited by any of Ca(V)1.4, Ca(V)2.1 or Ca(V)2.3 calcium channels coexpressed with the K(V)4.2 complex, emphasizing the important role for low voltage-activated Ca(V)3 channels in this signaling complex.
Glucan, water dikinase phosphorylates crystalline maltodextrins and thereby initiates solubilization (2008)

Starch phosphorylation by glucan, water dikinase (GWD; EC 2.7.9.4) is an essential step in the breakdown of native starch particles, but the underlying mechanisms have remained obscure. In this paper, the initial reactions of starch degradation were analyzed using crystallized maltodextrins as model carbohydrates. As revealed by X-ray diffraction analysis, the crystallized maltodextrins represent the B-type starch allomorph. Recombinant GWD phosphorylated crystalline maltodextrins with a high specific activity (55-60 nmol mg-1 protein min-1), but exhibited very little activity with the same maltodextrins that had been solubilized by heat treatment. Recombinant phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD; EC 2.7.9.5) utilized the crystalline maltodextrins only when pre-phosphorylated by GWD. Phosphorylation of crystalline maltodextrins, as catalyzed by GWD, initiated solubilization of neutral as well as phosphorylated glucans. In both the insoluble and the soluble state, mono-, di- and triphosphorylated alpha-glucans were observed, with wide and overlapping ranges of degree of polymerization. Thus, the substrate specificity of the GWD is defined by the physical arrangement of alpha-glucans rather than by structural parameters, such as the distribution of branching points or degree of polymerization. Unlike GWD and PWD, recombinant beta-amylase isozyme 3 (BAM3), which has been shown to be essential for plastidial starch degradation, preferentially degraded soluble maltodextrins rather than crystallized glucans. In summary, two conclusions were reached. Firstly, carbohydrate targets of GWD are primarily defined by the molecular order of glucan helices. Secondly, GWD-catalyzed phosphorylation mediates the phase transition of glucans from a highly ordered to a less ordered and hydrated state.
Superantigen- and TLR-Dependent Activation of Tonsillar B Cells after Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis (2009)

Classical B lymphocyte activation is dependent on BCR cross-linking in combination with physical interaction with Th cells. Other B cell molecules that contribute to the activation are complement, cytokine, and TLRs recognizing specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Moraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalis is a common Gram-negative respiratory pathogen that induces proliferation in human IgD-expressing B cells independently of T cell help. The activation is initiated by the B cell superantigen Moraxella IgD-binding protein (MID) through a nonimmune cross-linking of IgD. However, IgD cross-linking alone is not sufficient to induce proliferation. In this study, we characterized the significance of TLRs in superantigen-dependent B cell activation using whole bacteria or rMID in the presence or absence of TLR ligands. IgD cross-linking by MID sensitized B cells obtained from children with tonsillar hyperplasia for mainly TLR9, whereas TLRs 1, 2, 6, and 7 were less important. The Moraxella-induced activation was inhibited when a dominant-negative TLR9 ligand was added. Interestingly, BCR-mediated endocytosis of whole Moraxella and degradation of live bacteria in naive B cells were observed with fluorescence, confocal, and transmission electron microscopy. This unique observation proved the strong intracellular TLR9 response as well as highlighted the Ag-presenting function of B cells. In conclusion, our findings suggest an important role of TLRs in the adaptive immune response and reveal novel insights into the T cell-independent B cell activation induced by bacteria.