gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized primitive elements of a free group (1996)

We study endomorphisms of a free group of finite rank by means of their action on specific sets of elements. In particular, we prove that every endomorphism of the free group of rank 2 which preserves an automorphic orbit (i.e., acts ``like an automorphism" on one particular orbit), is itself an automorphism. Then, we consider elements of a different nature, defined by means of homological properties of the corresponding one-relator group. These elements (``generalized primitive elements"), interesting in their own right, can also be used for distinguishing automorphisms among arbitrary endomorphisms.
BINDING OF LOOP DIURETICS TO THEIR RENAL RECEPTORS: USE AS A SCREENING MODEL FOR POTENTIAL DIURETIC ACTIVITY (1988)

Loop diuretics of the benzoic acid and aryloxyacetic acid families inhibit Na+K+Cl- cotransport. The ranking order of potencies measured in the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop and the ranking order of affinities for [3H]piretanide receptors on renal plasma membranes are the same. Potencies and affinities correlate well (correlation coefficient r = 0.959 for the medulla and r = 0.951 for the cortex). Therefore, measurement of [3H]piretanide binding is proposed to facilitate screening for loop diuretic action.
Abstract 1368: Fragment-based design, synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel PDK1 inhibitors (2011)

Abstract The PDK1 is a monomeric serine/threonine kinase and a promising oncology target of significant current interest for drug development due to its central role in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. It phosphorylates highly conserved Ser or Thr residues in the activation loop of several AGC super family kinases including PKC, SGK, PKB/Akt, p70S6K, and PDK-1 itself. Approximately, 40-50% of all tumors involve mutations in the PTEN protein, which results in elevated levels of PIP3 and enhanced activation of PKB/AKT, p70S6K, and SGK. It has been proposed that inhibitors of PDK-1 could provide a valuable therapeutic approach to targeting cancer, particularly those with PTEN deficiencies. Using a fragment-based design strategy, we screened a collection of 1100 low molecular weight (&amp;lt; 250 MW) fragments against the PDK1 kinase and identified 9 fragments with moderate inhibitory activity against PDK1 (IC50 values from 45-82 μM). Of these fragments, those based off of a 5-Br,4-I-1H-indazol-3-amine scaffold seemed the most promising based on initial activity and in keeping with the “rule of 3” for fragment-based drug design. Subsequent molecular docking studies using a crystal structure of PDK1 allowed for the structural rationalization of how these fragments bound in the ATP-binding pocket (hydrogen bonding to S160/A162 hinge residues) and provided insight for further optimization. Concurrently, we carried out scaffold-hopping searches at 2-site points for hydrophobic and solvent pocket fragments. With the addition of one fused heterocyclic ring, the potency increased to 8.8 and 10.9 μM. Our systematic fragment based workflow led to the preparation of target molecules in 4 steps beginning with the condensation, cyclization, and reduction and finally installing the hydrophobic binding site fragments under normal amide coupling. Subsequent SAR and follow-up screening led to the discovery of HCI-1680, a potent PDK1 inhibitor with an IC50 of 97 nM. Additional productive interactions sites with PDK1 were introduced to further improve both biochemical and cellular activities in panel of cancer cells. In cell-based assays HCI-1680 demonstrated enhanced activity in PTEN-deficient cell lines compared to PTEN-wild type lines. HCI-1680 and additional compounds from this series were also shown to inhibit the activation of AKT and other downstream signaling molecules. Kinase selectivity profiling, additional cell-based assays, and animal studies are ongoing. The details of these studies will be presented. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1368. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1368
ProtoPeer: Distributed systems prototyping toolkit (2009)

In ProtoPeer, the developer can switch between the simulation of a P2P system to its deployment on the actual network without changing a single line of code. This dramatically speeds up the implement-evaluate-reimplement cycle and allows for rapid system prototyping. Most of the major bugs and performance problems are caught early on during the simulation while the more time-consuming live deployment is used for the accurate evaluation of the final system.
Joseph Afroimovich Sterin (2023)

The article, based on unpublished sources from the Central State Archive of St. Petersburg, shows the main milestones of the life and scientific achievements of Joseph Afroimovich Sterin, who headed the Department of Pharmacology at the Leningrad Pharmaceutical Institute from 1946 to 1951 (currently St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University). I.A. Sterin began his scientific activity in 1926 and did not stop it even during the Great Patriotic War. From August 1941 to April 1942, I.A. Sterin was assigned the duties of the head of the Department of Pharmacology of the 2nd LMI. After evacuation from the university in 1941 to Pyatigorsk, he headed the Department of Pharmacology at the Pyatigorsk Medical Institute, and since 1942 at the newly formed Krasnoyarsk Medical Institute. After returning from evacuation, since 1946, I.A. Sterin was confirmed as the head of the Department of Pharmacology of the Leningrad Pharmaceutical Institute, which he headed until 1951. In 1945, Joseph Afroimovich Sterin defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medical Sciences. I.A.Sterins scientific research was aimed at studying the mechanisms of muscle fatigue, developing the correction of methemoglobinemia, and evaluating the pharmacological activity of medicinal plants in Siberia. Part of the work carried out under his leadership was devoted to the pharmacological study of plants, in particular their antispasmodic and hypotensive effects, as well as the search for new antithyroid drugs the relationship between the chemical structure of the substance and its pharmacological action was clarified. The life path of Joseph Afroimovich Sterin is a wonderful example of endless dedication, courage, dedication, professional and civic responsibility.
Laser Drilling: Effects of Beam Application Methods on Improving Rock Removal (2003)

Abstract Since 1997, Gas Technology Institute (GTI) has been investigating the interaction of high power lasers with different rock lithologies to determine possible applications in drilling and completing oil and gas wells. As part of an initial effort to determine the energy required to remove rock with laser beams, GTI performed a series of experiments under a US Department of Energy contract together with Argonne National Laboratory and the Colorado School of Mines. As part of this investigation, GTI identified the specific energy requirements (kJ/cc) required to remove rock from test samples of sandstone, shale and limestone using a 1.6 kW pulsed Nd:YAG laser beam. Each sample was subjected to a single exposure of the beam, and the resulting specific energy calculation was made. Results were presented in a previous SPE paper. Additional experiments since then were performed with the same Nd:YAG laser to determine how repetitive beam applications on the same sample influence rock properties, rock removal efficiency and penetration rates. Key considerations in determining the series of tests performed included geometric pattern applications, beam overlap and spacing, focal distance changes while lasing, beam intercept angles, purging systems and thermal relaxation time between successive shots. By providing multiple overlapping beam shots, several advantages were observed that allowed faster and deeper penetration of the beam into the rock sample with no evidence of melted minerals present. This paper will describe the experimental procedures as well as pre- and post-laser data analysis to determine changes in rock properties (i.e., permeability, porosity) and effects on observed specific energy measurements for sandstone, limestone and shale samples.
Figure S5 from The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Whole-genome analysis of copy number changes in MDA PCa 146 PDXs&lt;/p&gt;
Improving Black-box Adversarial Attacks with a Transfer-based Prior (2019)

We consider the black-box adversarial setting, where the adversary has to generate adversarial perturbations without access to the target models to compute gradients. Previous methods tried to approximate the gradient either by using a transfer gradient of a surrogate white-box model, or based on the query feedback. However, these methods often suffer from low attack success rates or poor query efficiency since it is non-trivial to estimate the gradient in a high-dimensional space with limited information. To address these problems, we propose a prior-guided random gradient-free (P-RGF) method to improve black-box adversarial attacks, which takes the advantage of a transfer-based prior and the query information simultaneously. The transfer-based prior given by the gradient of a surrogate model is appropriately integrated into our algorithm by an optimal coefficient derived by a theoretical analysis. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our method requires much fewer queries to attack black-box models with higher success rates compared with the alternative state-of-the-art methods.
Highly transparent and conductive CdO thin films as anodes for organic light‐emitting diodes: Film microstructure and morphology effects on performance (2005)

Abstract— Highly conductive and transparent CdO thin films have been grown on glass and on single‐crystal MgO(100) by MOCVD at 400°C and were used as transparent anodes for fabricating small‐molecule organic‐light emitting diodes (OLEDs). Device response and applications potential have been investigated and compared with those of control devices based on commercial ITO anodes. It is demonstrated that highly conductive CdO thin films of proper morphology can efficiently inject holes into such devices, rendering them promising anode materials for OLEDs. Importantly, this work also suggests the feasibility of employing other CdO‐based TCOs as anodes for high‐performance OLEDs.
10G bps burst-mode clock recovery with synchronization time of 50ps (2008)

We developed 10 Gbps burst-mode clock recovery IC with synchronization time of 50 ps. Using the IC with PIN-TIA PDs, an optical packet receiver which requires no preamble is also developed.
On the Implications of Heterogeneous Memory Tiering on Spark In-Memory Analytics (2023)

Today, the rise of big data has driven a growing demand for efficient and scalable computing solutions that can handle the massive amounts of data generated by modern applications. To address this challenge, application developers have embraced the use of novel distributed frameworks, such as Apache Spark, which enable efficient, in-memory processing for large amounts of data. Moreover, providers are seeking for new alternatives to cope with this increasing need for “infinite” memory resources, that can provide analogous performance efficiency, while also reducing operational costs. In this direction, novel multi-tier and disaggregated memory architectures emerge, which combine heterogeneous memory technologies that tradeoff between performance, cost and energy efficiency. This diptych of evolution imposes new challenges and open questions on how to optimally configure software and hardware as a whole, for maximizing resource efficiency. In this paper, we examine the implications of heterogeneous memory tiering on Spark in-memory analytics. Our study considers a multi-tier heterogeneous DRAM/NVM memory system with contrasting access latency, bandwidth and energy consumption capabilities. By using a set of 7 diverse applications from the HiBench benchmarking suite, we first explore the impact of these memory configuration setups on their performance and energy efficiency. Then, we perform a detailed analysis on how the system's low-level performance metrics correlate to higher level metrics of interest (i.e., performance/energy), which aims to provide deeper insights w.r.t. the relationship between software and hardware events. Driven by the obtained results, we identify a set of guidelines derived by deploying Spark in-memory analytics over heterogeneous memory tiered systems.
Synthesis and evaluation of new polyenic compounds as potential PPARs modulators (2012)

In order to identify new leads for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, polyenic molecules A and B derived from nipecotic acid and dienol derivatives C have been prepared and their effect on PPARs transcriptional activity evaluated and compared to that of rosiglitazone, WY14,643 and GW501516. Among the synthesized compounds, dienol 39 is the most active, increasing WY14,643 PPARα response and demonstrating partial agonist properties on rosiglitazone PPARγ.
A novel temperature compensation method for SAW devices using direct bonding techniques (2002)

We have developed a novel temperature compensation method for SAW devices using a direct bonding technique. The SAW device applied this method was composed of a conventional piezoelectric substrate such as LiTaO/sub 3/ and LiNbO/sub 3/, directly bonded without any bonding agents to a glass substrate having a relatively low thermal expansion coefficient (TEC). The piezoelectric substrate and the glass substrate were bonded in an atomic scale and the interface was very uniform. Therefore, the thermal strain at the surface of the bonded substrate caused by the difference between the TECs of the substrates was quite uniform and stable. With this structure, the thermal expansion of the piezoelectric substrate was restrained and the elastic constant of the piezoelectric substrate was changed by the thermal strain. Using this technique, we have succeeded to improve the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the SAW devices without causing any deterioration in the frequency response. This novel temperature compensation method is very promising for RF-SAW device applications.
Context-Aware Security for 6G Wireless: The Role of Physical Layer Security (2022)

Sixth generation systems are expected to face new security challenges, while opening up new frontiers toward context awareness in the wireless edge. The workhorse behind this projected technological leap will be a whole new set of sensing capabilities predicted for 6G devices, in addition to edge and device embedded intelligence. The combination of these enhanced traits can give rise to a new breed of adaptive and context-aware security protocols, following the quality of security (QoSec) paradigm. In this framework, physical layer security solutions emerge as competitive candidates for low-complexity, low-delay, low-footprint, adaptive, flexible, and context-aware security schemes, leveraging the physical layer and introducing security controls across all layers for the first time.
Nanométrologie des parois cellulaires végétales par microscopies à force atomique (2018)

International audience
Steering Cu-Based CO2RR Electrocatalysts’ Selectivity: Effect of Hydroxyapatite Acid/Base Moieties in Promoting Formate Production (2022)

Among all CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) active metals, copper is the only one that exhibits optimal *CO binding energy for multiple electron transfers. Despite such a unique feature, the use of Cu-based CO2RR catalysts at the industrial scale is hampered by large overpotentials and poor selectivity. In this realm, the introduction of acidic/basic functionalities at the catalyst surface may help to both overcome scaling relations (i.e., lower CO2RR overpotential) and tune the selectivity of Cu-based catalysts. Herein, we demonstrate that an amphoteric calcium phosphate additive (hydroxyapatite, HAP, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) alters the product distribution from Cu-based catalysts by steering CO2RR selectivity toward liquid oxygenated products, promoting formate production over CO.
Multiple bonds between Main-Group elements and transition metals. 85. Tetramethyloxoosmium(VI): synthesis, gas-phase molecular structure, photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemistry (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiple bonds between Main-Group elements and transition metals. 85. Tetramethyloxoosmium(VI): synthesis, gas-phase molecular structure, photoelectron spectroscopy, and electrochemistryKristin Rypdal, Wolfgang A. Herrmann, Stefan J. Eder, Rolf W. Albach, Petra Watzlowik, Hans Bock, and Bahman SoloukiCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 5, 1331–1336Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00051a024https://doi.org/10.1021/om00051a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Power-Efficient Resource Allocation and Quantization for TDMA Using Adaptive Transmission and Limited-Rate Feedback (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Power-efficient scheduling and resource allocation are critical tasks for wireless sensor networks as well as commercial and tactical radios relying on IEEE access standards for power-limited communications. Tailored for such applications, this paper formulates and solves analytically novel convex optimization problems offering globally optimal user scheduling, as well as rate and power allocation for time-division multiple access (TDMA) in time-division-duplex or frequency-division-duplex operation. Through a limited-rate feedback link the access point provides quantized channel state information to the transmitters (Q-CSIT) based on which users adapt their modulation and code choices to the intended fading channel. When the quantizer needed to form the Q-CSIT is not prescribed, a joint allocation-quantization scheme is devised to minimize average transmit power subject to average rate and bit error rate constraints. The novel design couples adaptive transmission modes with quantization regions which are constructed to attain at least a local minimum of the average transmit power. Fairness in resource allocation is guaranteed by design. Transmit power and quantization region books are efficiently obtained offline while the online Q-CSIT based operation turns out to entail only a few feedback bits. Analysis and simulations include a perfect CSIT benchmark and reveal substantial power savings (as high as 15 dB) with low-overhead feedback. </para>
Preparation and optical properties of porous silicon rugate‐type multilayers with different pore sizes (2009)

Abstract Porous silicon rugate filters having different pore sizes were prepared by electrochemical anodization of silicon in hydrofluoric (HF) acid solution using a sinusoidal current density. The pore size was tuned by an appropriate choice of the anodization conditions, electrolyte composition, and the doping level of the starting silicon substrate. The anodization process of heavily doped silicon in HF acid produces a mesoporous filter. Whereas, a microporous filter can be formed by applying the same process to a lightly doped silicon substrate. A sinusoidal current signal with amplitude of 13 mAcm –2 was sufficient to form a mesoporous rugate filter with an index contrast of 0.39. However, a microporous filter prepared from lightly doped silicon with two times smaller index contrast needed a sinusoidal current amplitude four times larger than that applied for the mesoporous one prepared from heavily doped silicon. A rugate filter with pore diameter lying in the intermediate region between the meso and macro size range was formed on heavily doped silicon with the addition of oxidizing agents. The optical properties of the formed filters were compared and discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLISCHE DICARBONSAEUREESTER 2. MITT. RK. VON 2,3‐BIS‐‐(METHOXYCARBONYL)‐4,5‐DIHYDRO‐FURANEN MIT HYDRAZIN UND 1,2,3,6‐TETRAHYDRO‐PYRIDAZIN, SYNTH. VON 3‐HYDROXY‐4‐(2‐HYDROXY‐ALKYL)‐PYRAZOL‐5‐CARBONSAEURE‐DERIVATEN (1973)

Abstract Bei der Reaktion der Dihydrofurane (I) mit überschüssigem Hydrazinhydrat entstehen nicht die entsprechenden Dihydrazide, sondern es tritt Ringöffnung zu den Pyrazolcarbonsäurehydraziden (II) ein.
Charging and discharging of electron beam resist films (1999)

Pattern placement imprecision due to charging of the workpiece is believed to be a significant contribution to the total positional error in electron beam lithography. In an earlier work, Liu et al. [J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 13, 1979 (1995)] reported that the surface potential of exposed resist could be negative or positive according to the resist thickness and the electron energy. In that work the authors were constrained to use a flood beam. In this study, we report a new independent approach using a Kelvin probe electrometer to measure the surface potential after exposure by a focused beam. There is a qualitative agreement with the earlier work in that the surface potential tends to be less positive at lower electron energies and for thicker resists. We observed positive surface potentials at 10 and 20 keV beam irradiation. This positive charging is much more evident in polybutene sulfone than in UV5.
Induction of secondary cytotoxic T lymphocytes by purified HLA-A and HLA-B antigens reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. (1978)

Mouse cytotoxic T lymphocytes were induced by culturing primed spleen cells with cells, membranes, or detergent-solubilized and dialyzed membranes from the human lymphoblastoid cell line JY. Cytotoxic T cells could also be induced by coculturing primed spleen cells with phospholipid vesicles containing purified HLA-A and -B antigens derived from JY cells. The induction of killer cells by all subcellular fractions demonstrated an optimal response as a function of the amount of material added and, in the case of HLA-containing liposomes, this optimum was dependent upon the density of the HLA molecules in the liposomes. In addition, the maximal level of cytotoxicity elicited was also dependent upon this density. Finally, the cytotoxic cells demonstrated specificity as judged by a lower level of lysis on an HLA-unrelated lymphoblastoid cell line than on the appropriate target, JY. These results suggest that major histocompatibility antigens alone are sufficient for the induction of a secondary cytotoxic T lymphocyte response. It is proposed that this system may be useful in defining possible sites on the HLA molecule recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes.