gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disruption of the Atrophy-based Functional Network in Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated with Clinical Disability: Validation of a Meta-Analytic Model in Resting-State Functional MRI (2021)

Background In multiple sclerosis (MS), gray matter (GM) atrophy exhibits a specific pattern, which correlates strongly with clinical disability. However, the mechanism of regional specificity in GM atrophy remains largely unknown. Recently, the network degeneration hypothesis (NDH) was quantitatively defined (using coordinate-based meta-analysis) as the atrophy-based functional network (AFN) model, which posits that localized GM atrophy in MS is mediated by functional networks. Purpose To test the NDH in MS in a data-driven manner using the AFN model to direct analyses in an independent test sample. Materials and Methods Model fit testing was conducted with structural equation modeling, which is based on the computation of semipartial correlations. Model verification was performed in coordinate-based data of healthy control participants from the BrainMap database (<i>https://www.brainmap.org</i>). Model validation was conducted in prospectively acquired resting-state functional MRI in participants with relapsing-remitting MS who were recruited between September 2018 and January 2019. Correlation analyses of model fit indices and volumetric measures with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores and disease duration were performed. Results Model verification of healthy control participants included 80 194 coordinates from 9035 experiments. Model verification in healthy control data resulted in excellent model fit (root mean square error of approximation, 0.037; 90% CI: 0.036, 0.039). Twenty participants (mean age, 36 years ± 9 [standard deviation]; 12 women) with relapsing-remitting MS were evaluated. Model validation in resting-state functional MRI in participants with MS resulted in deviation from optimal model fit (root mean square error of approximation, 0.071; 90% CI: 0.070, 0.072), which correlated with EDSS scores (<i>r</i> = 0.68; <i>P</i> = .002). Conclusion The atrophy-based functional network model predicts functional network disruption in multiple sclerosis (MS), thereby supporting the network degeneration hypothesis. On resting-state functional MRI scans, reduced functional network integrity in participants with MS had a strong positive correlation with clinical disability. © RSNA, 2021 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i>
Development of a Highly Polymorphic STR Marker for Identity Testing Purposes at the Human Androgen Receptor Gene (HUMARA) (1998)

We developed a non-isotopic method which improves the technical quality of the X-linked HUMARA locus typing process. The use of formamide and a low concentration of acrylamide increased resolution and sharpness of HUMARA alleles in silver-stained polyacrylamide gels. In addition, the construction of an allelic ladder containing amplified sequence of 9 alleles (even-numbered alleles) of the HUMARA locus, allows confident, rapid and precise assignment of discretely defined alleles. Allele and genotype frequencies for the HUMARA locus were determined in a French Canadian population sample. Observed genotype frequencies in females conformed to Hardy-Weinberg expectations. Furthermore, the HUMARA locus is highly polymorphic with 18 observed alleles and an heterozygosity value of 89.3%. Also, this locus has average powers of discrimination of 97.8% and 88.7% for testing samples of female and male origin, respectively. In the French Canadian population, the average probability of excluding a random man as the father in paternity analysis when both mother and daughter are tested for this locus is 88.0%. Together, the results indicate that the HUMARA locus provides a highly discriminatory system that is appropriate for the purposes of forensic identification and paternity testing involving a female child.
Copolyesters Containing Oxyethylene Linkages: Synthesis and Characterization (1995)

Abstract Oxyethylene-containing copolyesters were synthesized from bisphenol-A (BPA) and diacyl chlorides containing oxyethylene linkages, isophthaloyl chloride (IPC), and terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) by interfacial polycondensation. All the copolyesters were obtained in almost quantitative yields and showed film forming properties. The copolyesters were amorphous/semicrystalline and were soluble in common organic solvents. Copolyesters showed similar pattern of decomposition with no weight loss below 380°C in nitrogen.
Hereditary Leiomyomatosis Associated with Bilateral, Massive, Macronodular Adrenocortical Disease and Atypical Cushing Syndrome: A Clinical and Molecular Genetic Investigation (2005)

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene on chromosome 1q42.3-43. Massive macronodular adrenocortical disease (MMAD) is a heterogeneous condition associated with Cushing syndrome (CS) and bilateral hyperplasia of the adrenal glands. In MMAD, cortisol secretion is often mediated by ectopic, adrenocortical expression of receptors for a variety of substances; however, to date, no consistent genetic defects have been identified. In a patient with HLRCC caused by a germline-inactivating FH mutation, we diagnosed atypical (subclinical) CS due to bilateral, ACTH-independent adrenocortical hyperplasia. A clinical protocol for the detection of ectopic expression of various hormone receptors was employed. Histology was consistent with MMAD. The tumor tissue harbored the germline FH mutation and demonstrated allelic losses of the 1q42.3-43 FH locus. We then searched the National Institutes of Health (NIH) databases of patients with MMAD or HLRCC and found at least three other cases with MMAD that had a history of tumors that could be part of HLRCC; among patients with HLRCC, there were several with some adrenal nodularity noted on computed tomography but none with imaging findings consistent with MMAD. From two of the three MMAD patients, adrenocortical tumor DNA was available and sequenced for coding FH mutations; there were none. We conclude that in a patient with HLRCC, adrenal hyperplasia and CS were due to MMAD. The latter was likely due to the FH germline mutation because in tumor cells, only the mutant allele was retained. However, other patients with MMAD and HLRCC, or HLRCC patients with adrenal imaging findings consistent with MMAD, or MMAD patients with somatic FH mutations were not found among the NIH series. Although a fortuitous association cannot be excluded, HLRCC may be added to the short list of monogenic disorders that have been reported to be associated with the development of adrenal tumors; FH may be considered a candidate gene for MMAD.
Uniform Large Diameter Carbon Nanotubes in Vertical Arrays from Premade Near-Monodisperse Nanoparticles (2011)

Despite the many processes developed for carbon nanotube synthesis, few if any of these control the carbon nanotube diameter and length simultaneously. Here, we report a process whereby we synthesize vertically aligned carbon nanotube arrays (VA-CNT) using water-assisted chemical vapor deposition from solution processed premade and near-monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles. Utilizing a dendrimer-assisted iron oxide nanoparticle monolayer deposition technique, the synthesis of high quality VA-CNTs is observed with a surprising degree of walls uniformity and diameters that correlate closely with the catalyst particle size. Specifically, we utilize 8.3 and 15.4 nm nanoparticle sizes to grow uniform, large diameter VA-CNTs. We observe control of the VA-CNT diameter and number of walls based on the nanoparticle size, with the 8.3 nm nanoparticles growing over 90% four-walled CNTs. Additionally, there is a sparse population of VA-CNTs with large diameters and few walls that tend to flatten into nanostructures resembling paired-layer graphene nanoribbons.
A 240mV 1MHz, 340mV 10MHz, 40nm CMOS, 252 bits frame decoder using ultra-low voltage circuit design platform (2011)

A low cost Ultra Low Voltage design implemented using standard CAD tools with adapted margins is presented. Critical path replica rings have been measured to ensure models validity at ultra-low voltages, on the 0°C to 50°C temperature range. The observed behavior and mismatch compared to CAD simulations enabled us to define the margins to be used for the standard circuit implementation flow. We then derived a cell library focusing our effort on latches and level shifters. A 10k gates, 1k flip-flops demonstrator was designed and measured. Its functional voltage range is extended by 4× down to 0.24V, reducing the dynamic power by a factor 14× versus nominal. Forward Body Biasing and Temperature effect on minimum voltage for both worst die and die population average are reported.
Rapid, Sustained B Cell Receptor Signaling in Lymphoma B Cells Differs from Normal Signaling in Tumor Infiltrating Nonmalignant B Cells. (2005)

Abstract The B cell receptor (BCR) drives life and death signaling throughout B cell development, and dysregulation of BCR signaling might be expected to play a role in aberrant proliferation of lymphoma B cells. We have previously used flow cytometry based cell signaling profiles to identify patterns of altered signaling in acute myeloid leukemia that were informative of clinical outcome (Irish et al., Cell, 2004). Here we used a similar signaling profiles approach to compare BCR signaling in normal and lymphoma B cells. However, in addition to comparing follicular lymphoma (FL) B cells with peripheral blood B cells from normal donors, we also interrogated signaling within individual non-tumor B cells infiltrating FL tumor biopsies. By staining for CD20 and BCR light chain isotype (κ vs. λ), we could distinguish tumor and normal B cells within each patient biopsy. Following crosslinking of BCR heavy chains (shared by tumor and non-tumor B cells), we measured phosphorylation of Syk and Btk proteins, as markers of early BCR signaling activity, and Erk1/2 and p38, as markers of downstream BCR signaling effector activity. The BCR signaling network in FL tumor B cells was activated more rapidly than infiltrating non-tumor B cells, achieved greater levels of per-cell signaling, and sustained high levels of signaling over a period of hours. In lymphoma B cells, BCR-mediated Btk and Erk1/2 phosphorylation could reach the normal maximum in as little as 4 minutes, which was much more rapid than the 30–60 minutes required for peak signaling in non-tumor B cells. Strikingly, the timing and magnitude of BCR pathway protein phosphorylation we measured in non-tumor B cells within tumor biopsies was the same as that of normal, mature B cells from peripheral blood. These results suggest that the altered BCR signaling we identified in lymphoma is cell-intrinsic and associated with lymphomagenesis, as opposed to being a general change in tumor microenviornment affecting all B cells within a biopsy. FL tumor B cells from different patients were distinguished by the degree and number of changes to BCR signaling, such that variable profiles of lymphoma signaling kinetics distinguished each patient from the consistent signaling of normal B cells. These results identify cell-intrinsic changes to BCR signaling that may contribute to immortalization of lymphoma B cells and suggest that single cell profiles could identify lymphoma specific BCR-mediated signaling responsible for clinical outcomes.
Improved Model Formulations for Multiperiod Hydrogen Network Designs (2014)

Operating cost reduction and/or air pollution abatement via hydrogen integration is a research issue that has recently attracted considerable attention in the petroleum refining industries. Although a number of mathematical programming models have been developed to generate the optimal hydrogen distribution schemes, there is still room for further improvement. In particular, the primary deficiencies in current modeling practices can be attributed to (1) unreasonable unit models of the hydrogen users and producers and (2) incomprehensive design considerations. The conventional models of hydrogen users (such as the hydrotreater and hydrocracker) were usually formulated according to fixed throughputs and also constant feed and product concentrations. On the basis of the shortcut calculation method proposed in this study, not only these inlet and outlet flow rates and concentrations can be treated as decision variables but also their interactions can be characterized with more consistent material-balance constraints. On the other hand, because every hydrogen producer, e.g., the steam reforming plant, was regarded only as a simple hydrogen source in the past, the more rigorous models of its embedded units are built and incorporated in the improved mathematical program. As a result of these modifications, better design options can be identified in the present study. To ensure comprehensive design considerations, all often-encountered seasonal variations in model parameters and options to add extra compressors, purifiers, and fuel cells are considered in a novel multiperiod formulation. Furthermore, as an alternative to numerically solving this model, a systematic timesharing algorithm is also devised to manually integrate the conventional single-period designs to form a less economical but more flexible network structure for operations in all periods. Finally, extensive case studies have been carried out to test the proposed design methods, and three examples are reported.
Nonplanar Surface Organization of Monodendrons in Side-Chain Modified Liquid Crystalline Block Copolymers. (2008)

Scanning force microscopy (SFM) is used to investigate the surface structures of diblock copolymers of poly(styrene)-block-poly(isoprene) where a portion of the isoprene segments were modified to contain a semifluorinated alkane monodendron side group. The monodendrons consisted of either a single, double or triple attachment of the liquid crystalline mesogen group, [-(CH2)p-(CF2)qF]. Previously we reported that the surfaces of thin films of these materials contained small (∼20−30 nm) dome-like structures that were independent of the coincident block copolymer microphase architecture. We show here that these surface features can also assume a worm-like structure depending on the composition of the monodendron. Furthermore thermal studies of the block copolymer and the isolated monodendron molecule using in situ SFM studies confirm the liquid crystalline origin of the surface structures.
Estrogen Receptor Beta-Mediated Modulation of Lung Cancer Cell Proliferation by 27-Hydroxycholesterol (2018)

27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC) is an abundant cholesterol metabolite in human circulation and promotes breast cancer cell proliferation. Although lung is one of the organs that contain high levels of 27HC, the role of 27HC in lung is unknown. In this study, we found that 27HC promotes lung cancer cell proliferation in an estrogen receptor β (ERβ)-dependent manner. The expression of 27HC-generating enzyme CYP27A1 is higher in lung cancer cells than in normal lung cells. Treatment with 27HC increased cell proliferation in ERβ-positive lung cancer cells, but not in ERα-positive or ER-negative cells. The effect on cell proliferation is specific to 27HC and another oxysterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol that has a similar oxysterol structure with 27HC. Moreover, among ligands for nuclear receptors tested, only estrogen had the proliferative effect, and the effect by 27HC and estrogen was inhibited by ERβ-specific, but not ERα-specific, inhibitors. In addition, the effect by 27HC was not affected by membrane-bound estrogen receptor GPR30. Interestingly, despite the high expression of CYP27A1, endogenously produced 27HC was not the major contributor of the 27HC-induced cell proliferation. Using kinase inhibitors, we found that the effect by 27HC was mediated by the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. These results suggest that 27HC promotes lung cancer cell proliferation via ERβ and PI3K-Akt signaling. Thus, lowering 27HC levels may lead to a novel approach for the treatment of lung cancer.
SOUNT INTENSITY FOR IDENTIFICATION OF AIRCRAFT NOISE (2001)

The paper describes an outdoor noise-monitoring system where the information from a three-dimensional sound intensity probe is used to distinguish aircraft noise from different other noise sources. The method is particularly useful if there is one dominating source at a time. The system is used to calculate the amount of noise related to aircraft activity in an environment where other noise sources are present. Directional and spectral information is processed in a neural network to obtain automatic identification of the type of noise. (A) For the covering abstract see ITRD E113232.
Preclinical Manufacture of Anti-HER2 Liposome-Inserting, scFv-PEG-Lipid Conjugate. 2. Conjugate Micelle Identity, Purity, Stability, and Potency Analysis (2005)

Analytical methods optimized for micellar F5cys-MP-PEG(2000)-DPSE protein-lipopolymer conjugate are presented. The apparent micelle molecular weight, determined by size exclusion chromatography, ranged from 330 to 960 kDa. The F5cys antibody and conjugate melting points, determined by differential scanning calorimetry, were near 82 degrees C. Traditional methods for characterizing monodisperse protein species were inapplicable to conjugate analysis. The isoelectric point of F5cys (9.2) and the conjugate (8.9) were determined by capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) after addition of the zwitterionic detergent CHAPS to the buffer. Conjugate incubation with phospholipase B selectively removed DSPE lipid groups and dispersed the conjugate prior to separation by chromatographic methods. Alternatively, adding 2-propanol (29.4 vol %) and n-butanol (4.5 vol %) to buffers for salt-gradient cation exchange chromatography provided gentler, nonenzymatic dispersion, resulting in well-resolved peaks. This method was used to assess stability, identify contaminants, establish lot-to-lot comparability, and determine the average chromatographic purity (93%) for conjugate lots, described previously. The F5cys amino acid content was confirmed after conjugation. The expected conjugate avidity for immobilized HER-2/neu was measured by bimolecular interaction analysis (BIAcore). Mock therapeutic assemblies were made by conjugate insertion into preformed doxorubicin-encapsulating liposomes for antibody-directed uptake of doxorubicin by HER2-overexpressing cancer cells in vitro. Together these developed assays established that the manufacturing method as described in the first part of this study consistently produced F5cys-MP-PEG(2000)-DSPE having sufficient purity, stability, and functionality for use in preclinical toxicology investigations.
High n-type doped germanium for electrically pumped Ge laser (2012)

We demonstrate an active phosphorous concentration of 4×1019 cm−3 in Ge by delta doping. Dopant enhanced diffusion is observed and modeled. Photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) confirm the high doping level with stronger emission.
ChemInform Abstract: (3,3) Sigmatropic Rearrangements in Indoloazabicyclo(3.3.1)nonene Systems. Reversal of the Stereofacial Selectivity in the Claisen vs the Ortho Ester Claisen Rearrangement. (1990)

Abstract Regardless of the bulkiness of the substituent R, both allylic alcohols (I) undergo acid‐catalyzed ortho ester Claisen rearrangement preferentially from the β‐face of the molecule to give the diastereomers (III) and (IV) as main products (X‐ray structure of (IIIb): space group P2 1 /n, Z=4).
50‐4: High‐Performance Pyrimidine‐Based TADF Emitters Realizing Pure Blue‐to‐Green Emission with EQE of 25% (2017)

A series of pyrimidine‐based pure blue‐to‐green emitters are developed, and investigated the structure‐property relationships. A pure blue emitter realized a power efficiency of 20 lm W ‐1 at CIE of (0.16, 0.15), and a green emitter exhibited a power efficiency of over 110 lm W ‐1 at CIE of (0.36, 0.58).
Adenosine A1 and A3 selectiveN-alkoxypurines as novel cytokine modulators and neuroprotectants (1998)

The synthesis, purinergic receptor binding, and biological activity of a series of novel N-alkoxyadenosine A3 ligands is described. Several reference adenosine A3 receptor agonists, e.g., N-(3-iodobenzyl)adenosine-5′-methyluronamide (IB-MECA) contain a 4′-ribosylalkylamide moiety as well as a large 6-amino substituent. We found that this 4′-amide could be replaced with a range of other furanosyl-4′-functional groups including vinyl, chloromethyl, acetoxymethyl, methoxymethyl, and isoxazolyl; the target molecules exhibited potent and selective binding to the recombinant human A3 receptor. Furthermore, the bulky phenylmethyl 6-amino substituent in IB-MECA has been replaced by methoxy, also with retention of A3 receptor affinity. The new N-alkoxyadenosine derivatives were examined for their ability to inhibit the production of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which is indicative of A3 agonist effect, and some examples exhibited a protective effect in both a rodent seizure model and global cerebral ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. Drug Dev. Res. 45:214–221, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
SPINE: High heterogeneity and no significant differences in clinical outcomes of endoscopic foraminotomy vs fusion for lumbar foraminal stenosis: a meta-analysis (2023)

There were high heterogeneity and no significant differences in clinical outcomes, complication rates, and reoperation rates between endoscopic foraminotomy and fusion for the treatment of lumbar foraminal stenosis; although endoscopic foraminotomy has reduced operative time.
Noise current characteristics of semiconductor circuit breaker during break-off condition in DC power supply system (2009)

Recently, DC power supply systems have been widely viewed as an energy-saving solution. The protection of the system from over current is one of the most important factors in DC power supply system. This paper presents noise current characteristics of a semiconductor circuit breaker.
Highlights From the Audio and Acoustic Signal Processing Technical Committee [In the Spotlight] (2019)

The IEEE Audio and Acoustic Signal Processing Technical Committee (AASP TC) is one of 13 TCs in the IEEE Signal Processing Society. Its mission is to support, nourish, and lead scientific and technological development in all areas of AASP. These areas are currently seeing increased levels of interest and significant growth, providing a fertile ground for a broad range of specific and interdisciplinary research and development. Ranging from array processing for microphones and loudspeakers to music genre classification, from psychoacoustics to machine learning (ML), from consumer electronics devices to blue-sky research, this scope encompasses countless technical challenges and many hot topics. The TC has roughly 30 elected volunteer members drawn equally from leading academic and industrial organizations around the world, unified by the common aim of offering their expertise in the service of the scientific community.