gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of different types of oxidative stress in RPE cells (2005)

Oxidative damage to retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE) cells and photoreceptors has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In order to develop new treatments, it is necessary to characterize the antioxidant defense system in RPE cells to better define their vulnerabilities and how they can be remedied. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of three different types of oxidative stress on cultured RPE cells. Carbonyl content in RPE cells increased with increasing concentrations of oxidants or increasing duration of exposure with high reproducibility, validating ELISA for carbonyl content as a valuable quantitative measure of oxidative damage. Compared to other cell types, RPE cells were able to survive exposure to H2O2 quite well and exposure to paraquat extremely well. Comparison of the total amount of oxidative damage at the IC50 for each type of stress showed a rank order of hyperoxia > paraquat > H2O2, and since these stressors primarily target different cellular compartments, it suggests that the endogenous defense system against oxidative damage in RPE cells protects well against damage to mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum, and is less able to handle oxidative damage at the cell surface. Supplementation of media with ascorbic acid provided significant protection from H2O2-induced oxidative damage, but not that induced by paraquat or hyperoxia. Supplementation with docosahexaenoic acid or alpha-tocopherol significantly reduced oxidative damage from H2O2 or hyperoxia, but not that induced by paraquat. We conclude that exposure to different types of oxidative stress results in different patterns of accrual of oxidative damage to proteins in RPE cells, different patterns of loss of viability, and is differentially countered by antioxidants. This study suggests that multiple types of oxidant stress should be used to probe the vulnerabilities of the retina and RPE in vivo, and that ELISA for carbonyl content provides a valuable tool for quantitative assessment of oxidative damage for such studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Linear Fused Oligoporphyrins: Potential Molecular Wires with Enhanced Electronic Communication Between Bridged Metal Ions. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mitigation of establishment of Brassica napus transgenes in volunteers using a tandem construct containing a selectively unfit gene (2005)

Transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus) plants may remain as 'volunteer' weeds in following crops, complicating cultivation and contaminating crop yield. Volunteers can become feral as well as act as a genetic bridge for the transfer of transgenes to weedy relatives. Transgenic mitigation using genes that are positive or neutral to the crop, but deleterious to weeds, should prevent volunteer establishment, as previously intimated using a tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) model. A transgenically mitigated (TM), dwarf, herbicide-resistant construct using a gibberellic acid-insensitive (Deltagai) gene in the B. napus crop was effective in offsetting the risks of transgene establishment in volunteer populations of B. napus. This may be useful in the absence of herbicide, e.g. when wheat is rotated with oilseed rape. The TM dwarf B. napus plants grown alone had a much higher yield than the non-transgenics, but were exceedingly unfit in competition with non-transgenic tall cohorts. The reproductive fitness of TM B. napus was 0% at 2.5-cm and 4% at 5-cm spacing between glasshouse-grown plants relative to non-transgenic B. napus. Under screen-house conditions, the reproductive fitness of TM B. napus relative to non-transgenic B. napus was less than 12%, and the harvest index of the TM plants was less than 40% of that of the non-transgenic competitors. The data clearly indicate that the Deltagai gene greatly enhances the yield in a weed-free transgenic crop, but the dwarf plants can be eliminated when competing with non-transgenic cohorts (and presumably other species) when the selective herbicide is not used.
Discotic liquid crystals stabilized by interionic interactions: imidazolium ion-anchored paraffinic triphenylene (2004)

Incorporation of imidazolium ion functionalities into the paraffinic side-chain termini of a triphenylene derivative resulted in stabilization of a columnar mesophase of its liquid crystalline assembly, which was retained over a wider temperature range down to 4 degrees C by an externally added imidazolium-based ionic liquid.
Uncertain Classification of Variable Stars: Handling Observational GAPS and Noise (2017)

Abstract Automatic classification methods applied to sky surveys have revolutionized the astronomical target selection process. Most surveys generate a vast amount of time series, or “lightcurves,” that represent the brightness variability of stellar objects in time. Unfortunately, lightcurves’ observations take several years to be completed, producing truncated time series that generally remain without the application of automatic classifiers until they are finished. This happens because state-of-the-art methods rely on a variety of statistical descriptors or features that present an increasing degree of dispersion when the number of observations decreases, which reduces their precision. In this paper, we propose a novel method that increases the performance of automatic classifiers of variable stars by incorporating the deviations that scarcity of observations produces. Our method uses Gaussian process regression to form a probabilistic model of each lightcurve’s observations. Then, based on this model, bootstrapped samples of the time series features are generated. Finally, a bagging approach is used to improve the overall performance of the classification. We perform tests on the MAssive Compact Halo Object (MACHO) and Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment (OGLE) catalogs, results show that our method effectively classifies some variability classes using a small fraction of the original observations. For example, we found that RR Lyrae stars can be classified with ~80% accuracy just by observing the first 5% of the whole lightcurves’ observations in the MACHO and OGLE catalogs. We believe these results prove that, when studying lightcurves, it is important to consider the features’ error and how the measurement process impacts it.
I2basal plane stacking fault in GaN: Origin of the 3.32 eV luminescence band (2011)

We investigate the $3.32 \mathrm{eV}$ defect-related emission band in GaN correlating transmission electron microscopy and spatially and spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence at low temperature. The band is unambiguously associated with basal plane stacking faults of type ${I}_{2}$, which are a common defect type in semi- and nonpolar GaN grown on foreign substrates. We ascribe the luminescence to free-to-bound transitions. The suggested intrinsic acceptors involved have an ionization energy of $\ensuremath{\approx}$$0.17 \mathrm{eV}$, and are located at the ${I}_{2}$-type basal plane stacking faults.
Examination of stochastic and ordered methods to select optical filters for discrimination between chemical vibrational absorption bands (2019)

Recent developments have shown that an optical filter-based sensing approach, inspired by human color vision, is capable of high-confidence discrimination between chemicals with similar infrared vibrational absorption bands. A key design point for this technique lies in the selection of the optical filters, which provide good discrimination between chemicals. Filter selection is also intrinsically tied to the classification method employed for the discrimination itself. Thus, it is imperative that the classification method or methods to be used are well understood and that mathematical means exist to compare the discrimination results provided by independent sets of optical filters. To meet this challenge, we are examining means to assign cost values to each set of optical filters for a given associated classification method. In this effort, the cost value used is the volume formed by three unique discrimination vectors. This method is developed from machine learning approaches, which define cost functions for stochastic optimization routines. We discuss multiple computational methods to discriminate between chemicals with similar infrared vibrational absorption bands using unique infrared (IR) tristimulus values for each chemical. These IR-tri-stimulus values are determined by the interaction with the chemical absorption bands and three individual optical IR band-pass filters. Methods to determine the associated cost for various selections of these IR band-pass filters and associated mathematical operations are described and compared for the computational methods. We discuss the methods employed to select the IR optical filters and discuss how the flexibility of this approach demonstrates the power of this biomimetic sensing method.
Discovery of N-[2-[2-[[3-Methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]amino]-5-oxazolyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-4-morpholineacetamide as a Novel and Potent Inhibitor of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPDH) with Excellent in Vivo Activity. (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionDiscovery of N-[2-[2-[[3-Methoxy-4-(5-oxazolyl)phenyl]amino]-5-oxazolyl]phenyl]-N-methyl-4-morpholineacetamide as a Novel and Potent Inhibitor of Inosine Monophosphate Dehydrogenase (IMPDH) with Excellent in Vivo Activity.T. G. Murali Dhar, Zhongqi Shen, Junqing Guo, Chunjian Liu, Scott H. Watterson, Henry H. Gu, William J. Pitts, Catherine A. Fleener, Katherine A. Rouleau, N. Z. Sherbina, Kim W. McIntyre, David J. Shuster, Mark R. Witmer, Jeffrey A. Tredup, Bang-Chi Chen, Rulin Zhao, Mark S. Bednarz, Daniel L. Cheney, John F. MacMaster, Laura M. Miller, Karen K. Berry, Timothy W. Harper, Joel C. Barrish, Diane L. Hollenbaugh, and Edwin J. IwanowiczCite this: J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 23, 5188Publication Date (Web):October 12, 2002Publication History Published online12 October 2002Published inissue 1 November 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm020366hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm020366hcorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views354Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (19 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ICRA noises: artificial noise signals with speech-like spectral and temporal properties for hearing instrument assessment. International Collegium for Rehabilitative Audiology. (2001)

Current standards involving technical specification of hearing aids provide limited possibilities for assessing the influence of the spectral and temporal characteristics of the input signal, and these characteristics have a significant effect on the output signal of many recent types of hearing aids. This is particularly true of digital hearing instruments, which typically include non-linear amplification in multiple channels. Furthermore, these instruments often incorporate additional non-linear functions such as "noise reduction" and "feedback cancellation". The output signal produced by a non-linear hearing instrument relates to the characteristics of the input signal in a complex manner. Therefore, the choice of input signal significantly influences the outcome of any acoustic or psychophysical assessment of a non-linear hearing instrument. For this reason, the International Collegium for Rehabilitative Audiology (ICRA) has introduced a collection of noise signals that can be used for hearing aid testing (including real-ear measurements) and psychophysical evaluation. This paper describes the design criteria, the realisation process, and the final selection of nine test signals on a CD. Also, the spectral and temporal characteristics of these signals are documented. The ICRA noises provide a well-specified set of speech-like noises with spectra shaped according to gender and vocal effort, and with different amounts of speech modulation simulating one or more speakers. These noises can be applied as well-specified background noise in psychophysical experiments. They can also serve as test signals for the evaluation of digital hearing aids with noise reduction. It is demonstrated that the ICRA noises show the effectiveness of the noise reduction schemes. Based on these initial measurements, some initial steps are proposed to develop a standard method of technical specification of noise reduction based on the modulation characteristics. For this purpose, the sensitivity of different noise reduction schemes is compared by measurements with ICRA noises with a varying ratio between unmodulated and modulated test signals: a modulated-unmodulated ratio. It can be anticipated that this information is important to understand the differences between the different implementations of noise reduction schemes in different hearing aid models and makes.
Measurements of multi-antenna gains using a 3GPP-LTE air interface in typical indoor and outdoor scenarios (2008)

In this paper we report the first real-time measurements of a 3GPP-LTE multiple antenna system in typical indoor and outdoor scenarios. In a single cell, single user scenario we demonstrate throughput exceeding 100 Mbit/s with a 2times2 MIMO configuration. This throughput gain is significant as compared to existing single antenna systems. We describe the basic LTE system design and prototype ingredients which were implemented to achieve these results. The highlight of our MIMO-OFDM system design is frequency dependent link adaptation. In principle, we show that this parallel link adaptation provides robust gains in a cellular broadband system. The robustness is seen in both our indoor and outdoor measurement results. The key feature of our work is implementation of multiple antenna concepts in such a broadband system.
Tunable resonator employing comb-shaped transmission line and switches (2005)

This paper presents a novel digital tunable resonator. It comprises a /spl lambda//4-length microstrip transmission line with a comb-shaped pattern on both sides of the line and multiple switches. Each switch is placed on the edge of two adjoining comb teeth to connect them to each other. The resonant frequency of the resonator can be changed by controlling the high frequency current path length using the switches. Electro-magnetic simulations are performed and the estimated tuning ratio is 22%. A prototype of the proposed resonator is fabricated to verify the feasibility, and the measured characteristics agree well with the simulated ones.
Natural antifoulants from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula (2010)

Filamentous benthic marine cyanobacteria are a prolific source of structurally unique bioactive secondary metabolites. A total of 12 secondary metabolites, belonging to the mixed polyketide-polypeptide structural class, were isolated from the marine cyanobacterium, Lyngbya majuscula, and were tested to determine if they showed activity against barnacle larval settlement. The assays revealed four compounds, dolastatin 16, hantupeptin C, majusculamide A, and isomalyngamide A, that showed moderate to potent anti-larval settlement activities, with EC(50) values ranging from 0.003 to 10.6 microg ml(-1). In addition, field testing conducted over a period of 28 days (using the modified Phytagel method) based on the cyanobacterial compound, dolastatin 16, showed significantly reduced barnacle settlement as compared to controls at all the concentrations tested. The results of this study highlight the importance of marine cyanobacteria as an underexplored source of potential environmentally friendly antifoulants.
Abstract 13606: Cardiac Fibroblast Derived Matrix-educated Macrophages Express VEGF and IL-6, and Recruit Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (2020)

Introduction: Polarizing monocytes into macrophages that possess anti-inflammatory and angiogenic properties could be cardio-reparative following myocardial infarction. Co-culturing cardiac fibroblasts (CF) with monocytes is observed to lead to alternatively activated macrophages. We previously showed that CF produce a unique cardiac matrix (CX) that is fibronectin enriched. Whether decellularized CX can drive differentiation of monocytes to macrophages with angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties is unknown. Hypotheses: (i) CX educated macrophages (CXMq) that secrete VEGF and IL-6, which have known angiogenic and anti-inflammatory properties respectively, (ii) CXMq can recruit mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which have known anti-inflammatory properties and (iii) fibronectin is responsible for this effect. Methods: Human monocytes (CD14 + ) were cultured on CX, plastic and gelatin. After 3 days, flow expression of the macrophage markers CD14, CD16, CD163, CD206, PDL1, CD86, and HLA-DR was measured. VEGF and IL-6 levels were measured from the spent media. A transwell migration assay was performed by placing monocytes on CX in the lower chamber and MSC in the upper chamber. CX was enzymatically dispersed and flow cytometry was performed for CD14 (macrophage marker) and CD73 (MSC marker). Migration was defined as the % of MSCs reaching the lower chamber (see Figure). Controls included monocytes plated on plastic, and monocyte/CX combination cultured with and without fibronectin integrin receptor inhibitor. Results: CXMq secreted high levels of VEGF and IL-6 and also had low expression of inflammatory markers CD16, CD86, HLADR. Further, CXMq recruited MSC more robustly than monocytes and CX alone (see Figure). Selective fibronectin integrin receptor blockade prevented MSC recruitment (*p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: CXMq has anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties that is potentially mediated by fibronectin.
Manipulation of food intake and weight dynamics using retrograde neural gastric electrical stimulation in a chronic canine model (2007)

Neural gastric electrical stimulation (NGES) could be a new technique for treating obesity. However, chronic animal experimentation exploring the efficacy of this therapy is lacking. In this study we investigated the utility of retrograde NGES in a chronic canine model. Nine mongrel dogs (26.8 +/- 5.2 kg) underwent laparoscopic implantation of 2-channel neurostimulator leads in the distal antrum. Five dogs formed a control group and four dogs underwent stimulation. Food intake and weight dynamics were regularly monitored during two separate research protocols, each comprising 2-week baseline, stimulation and washout periods. The stimulation voltage was constant in the first protocol and was ramped in the second. In the first protocol three out of the four stimulated dogs demonstrated significant decrease in food intake (P < 0.05). However, this materialized in a significant weight reduction in one dog only. In the second protocol, all stimulated dogs exhibited significant food intake and weight reduction (P < 0.05) compared to controls. Necropsies and histopathological analysis did not reveal any abnormalities in the stomach, the adjacent organs or around the implant. NGES could be a safe new technique for reducing food intake and weight and, therefore, it might be helpful for treating obesity.
Formation of Highly Ordered Alloy Nanoparticles Based on Precursor-Filled Latex Spheres (2012)

An experimental approach is presented, allowing the preparation of substrate supported, hexagonally arranged metallic alloy nanoparticles with narrow size distributions, well-defined interparticle distances, and controlled chemical composition. The method is based on miniemulsion polymerization and isotropic plasma etching. Polystyrene (PS) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) colloids—in the present study containing Fe- and Pt-precursor complexes in a predefined ratio—are deposited onto hydrophilic Si/SiO2 substrates by dip-coating, forming a highly ordered monolayer. Contrary to colloidal lithography, here, precursor-filled polystyrene colloids serve as carriers for the alloy forming elements. After reactive ion etching and annealing, hexagonally ordered arrays of crystalline FePt nanoparticles are formed exhibiting the desired 1:1 Fe–Pt ratio, as revealed by detailed analysis after each preparation step. Formation of stoichiometric binary alloy FePt nanoparticles is confirmed by determining magnetic hysteresis loops, as well as applying aberration-corrected high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.
Hydrophobic Interactions Improve Selectivity to ERα for Benzothiophene SERMs (2012)

The discovery, pharmacology, and biophysical characterization of an ERα selective benzothiophene (BTPα) is described. BTPα (4) is a high affinity ligand with 140-fold greater selectivity for ERα (K(i)=0.25 nM) over ERbeta (K(i)=35 nM). In rodent models of estrogen action, BTPα blocks the effects of estrogen in the uterus but mimics the effects estrogen on bone. The basis of ERα selectivity for BTPα was evaluated by using protein crystallography and hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry. HDX data supports that the n-butyl chain of BTPα stabilizes helix 7 in ERα relative to that of ERβ which we propose leads to an enhancement of affinity to the alpha receptor sub-type.
Enhancers for Sweet Taste from the World of Non-Volatiles: Polyphenols as Taste Modifiers (2008)

Several polyhydroxylated deoxybenzoins, benzoic acid amides and gingerdiones were synthesized and screened for their ability to enhance sweetness of sucrose. The most active compounds tested were able to increase the sweetness of a 5 % sucrose model solution by 20 to 30 %. The compounds showed only a slight intrinsic sweetness of about 0.5 % sucrose equivalents. Simple addition of normalized sweet ratings of sucrose and test compounds resulted in ratings about 10 % lower than those determined by the panel. Some of the structures were also able to restore some of the sweetness in sugar reduced bases. As a result, the compounds can principially be used as flavor molecules to increase sweetness in selected applications and may be a good starting point to develop more active sweet taste enhancers.