gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 36 nJ-15.5 MHz extended-cavity Ti:sapphire oscillator (2003)

Summary form only given. Ultrafast Ti:sapphire lasers are widely-used sources of ultrashort pulses in the near infrared region of the spectrum. The "standard" Ti:sapphire oscillator has a repetition rate of between 70 and 100 MHz, with average output powers of about 500 mW when pumped by 5 W from an argon-ion laser. Although the intracavity pulse energy (/spl sim/40 nJ) is sufficient to facilitate the nonlinear modelocking process, the 5-6 nJ output energy is somewhat lower than is ideal for a number of nonlinear-optics and ultrafast chemistry investigations. The energy per pulse from the laser can be increased by reducing the output repetition rate. This can done using cavity-dumping; however, a much simpler and less expensive method was recently demonstrated. The output repetition rate depends on the cavity length. Simply moving the end-mirrors farther apart increases the alignment sensitivity and decreases the stability range of the cavity. However, by introducing a 1:1 telescope in the laser cavity, the optical configuration of the laser can remain unchanged, preserving the high reliability of these lasers while significantly lowering the repetition rate.
Evaluation of a Hydrogel-Based Diagnostic Approach for the Point-of-Care Based Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (2018)

Eleven primer pairs were developed for the identification of <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i>. The sensitivity and specificity of these primers were evaluated by Real Time (RT)-PCR melt curve analyses with DNA from 145 <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> isolates and 40 other <i>Neisseria</i> or non-<i>Neisseria</i> species. Three primer pairs were further evaluated in a hydrogel-based RT-PCR detection platform, using DNA extracted from 50 <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> cultures. We observed 100% sensitivity and specificity in the hydrogel assay, confirming its potential as a point-of-care test (POCT) for <i>N. gonorrhoeae</i> diagnosis.
Do Data Mining Methods Matter? : A Wolfcamp “Shale” Case Study (2015)

Abstract Data mining for production optimization in unconventional reservoirs brings together data from multiple sources with varying levels of aggregation, detail, and quality. Tens of variables are typically included in data sets to be analyzed. There are many statistical and machine learning techniques that can be used to analyze data and summarize the results. These methods were developed to work extremely well in certain scenarios but can be terrible choices in others. The analyst may or may not be trained and experienced in using those methods. The question for both the analyst and the consumer of data mining analyses is, “What difference does the method make in the final interpreted result of an analysis?” The objective of this study was to compare and review the relative utility of several univariate and multivariate statistical and machine learning methods in predicting the production quality of Permian Basin Wolfcamp Shale wells. The data set for the study was restricted to wells completed in and producing from the Wolfcamp. Data categories used in the study included the well location and assorted metrics capturing various aspects of the well architecture, well completion, stimulation, and production. All of this information was publicly available. Data variables were scrutinized and corrected for inconsistent units and were sanity checked for out-of-bounds and other “bad data” problems. After the quality control effort was completed, the test data set was distributed among the statistical team for application of an agreed upon set of statistical and machine learning methods. Methods included standard univariate and multivariate linear regression as well as advanced machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Machine, Random Forests, and Boosted Regression Trees. The strengths, limitations, implementation, and study results of each of the methods tested are discussed and compared to those of the other methods. Consistent with other data mining studies, univariate linear methods are shown to be much less robust than multivariate non-linear methods, which tend to produce more reliable results. The practical importance is that when tens to hundreds of millions of dollars are at stake in the development of shale reservoirs, operators should have the confidence that their decisions are statistically sound. The work presented here shows that methods do matter, and useful insights can be derived regarding complex geosystem behavior by geoscientists, engineers, and statisticians working together.
High-Resolution Hard X-ray Holography by Unconfined Atomic Layer Deposited Phase-Shifting 3D References (2016)

We demonstrate high-resolution non-iterative holographic coherent diffraction imaging with hard X-rays using a novel phase-shifting reference, fabricated by atomic layer deposition to produce nanosharp 3D structure. The method surpasses the limitations associated with absorbing substrates predominantly employed in soft X-ray holography using extended, customized and point-source references. The unconfined experimental setup relaxes the technical constraints, allows effective data correction, and enables independent sample translation and rotation for data averaging and tomography. Applicable to single-shot measurements, phase and amplitude reconstructions of samples are retrieved with single-pixel resolution and differential contrast by simple non-iterative computation.
COMPARISON OF LOCAL VS. SYSTEMIC CTLA4Ig IN THE PROLONGATION OF ISLET XENOGRAFT SURVIVAL (1998)

57 Gene transfer may represent an invaluable tool to design a strategy of local immunosuppression which is more effective and less morbid than the systemic strategy currently in widespread clinical use. Using adenovirus-mediated gene transfer, we have carried out two sets of experiments to compare the efficacy of local versus systemic expression of a favorable immunomodulator such as CTLA4Ig to enhance graft survival in an islet xenograft model. In the first set of experiments, 500 adult rat islets were incubated with adenovirus immediately prior to transplantation under the kidney capsule of diabetic mice. In the second set of experiments, animals received an intramuscular (IM) injection of adenovirus at the time of islet transplantation. Tail vein blood glucose was followed. Serum was collected from mice at regular intervals and assayed for CTLA4Ig concentration. To determine the impact of local CTLA4Ig expression on graft survival, islets were infected at varying multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of AdCTLA4Ig immediately prior to transplantation. Control animals received mock-infected islets or islets infected with either AdLacZ or AdsIg, an adenovirus expressing only the IgG2a moiety of CTLA4Ig. There was statistically significant, dose-dependent prolongation of graft survival: at the highest dose, survival can extend beyond 76 days. More astonishing, however, was the significant prolongation of graft survival even at extremely low MOIs such as 0.1 and 0.5. To determine the impact of systemic CTLA4Ig expression on graft survival, animals received varying doses of AdCTLAIg by IM injection at the time of islet transplantation. Control animals received either buffer, AdLacZ, or AdsIg injection. Again, there was statistically significant, dose-dependent prolongation of graft survival; at the highest doses, survival can extend beyond 100 days. However, at the two lowest doses - relative MOIs of 0.2 and 1.0 - survival was NOT prolonged. Only relative MOIs of ≥2 were efficacious. Finally, the CTLA4Ig concentration of sera collected from mice receiving efficacious doses of AdCTLA4Ig from either islet infection or IM injection was determined by ELISA and compared. For comparable prolongation of graft survival, serum concentrations of CTLA4Ig were 100-1000 fold lower with islet infection than IM injection. This would strongly suggest that in the case of islet infection, LOCAL mechanisms are critical for the prolongation of graft survival. In summary, although both local and systemic expression of CTLA4Ig prolong islet graft survival, local expression of CTLA4Ig is more efficacious: adenovirus islet infection achieves comparable prolongation of graft survival with significantly lower systemic levels of CTLA4Ig relative to adenovirus IM injection.
Autonomous Multi-Robot Exploration in Communication-Limited Environments (2010)

Abstract — Teams of communicating robots are likely to be used for a wide range of applications in the near future, such as robotic search and rescue or robotic exploration of hostile and remote environments. In such scenarios, environments are likely to contain significant interference and multi-robot systems must be able to cope with loss of communication. We propose a novel multi-robot exploration approach, role-based exploration, in which members of the team explicitly plan to explore beyond communication range limits. Rendezvous points are calculated carefully to improve the exploration efficiency. A dynamic team hierarchy leads to additional gains. The result is a hybrid centralised/distributed behaviour that adjusts reactively to communication availability and environment size. I.
Beating Heart Validation of Safety and Efficacy of a Percutaneous Pericardiotomy Tool (2016)

Percutaneous pericardiotomy is feasible and appears to be safe. It may provide leverage in epicardial-based procedures and offer treatment options in disease processes characterized by pericardial restraint.
Usefulness of meshed SurgiMend in direct-to-implant breast reconstruction (2021)

Usefulness of meshed SurgiMend in direct-to-implant breast reconstruction cle coverage Despite the advantages of ADM such as good cosmetic outcomes, additional reinforcement, improved implant positioning, and a reduced risk of capsular contracture [9], seroma, infection, and inflammation are possible when ADM is used, and ADM also has the disadvantage of a high cost [10]. Surgery using ADM fenestration is widely performed because previous studies have reported that this technique leads to better cosmetic outcomes, results in fewer complications such as seroma, and stimulates biointegration However, fenestrating ADM during surgery can be cumbersome because the surgeon has to make pores one by
New developments in prostate cancer localization by contrast ultrasound dispersion imaging (2012)

contrast ultrasound dispersion imaging Massimo Mischi, Maarten Kuenen, Tamerlan Saidov, Stefan Schalk, Wout Scheepens, Hessel Wijkstra Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands Department of Urology, Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands Department of Urology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
In-vivo ultra-high resolution structural imaging of the human superior colliculus at 9.4T: validation with ex vivo measurements at 9.4T and 14T (2016)

Purpose/Introduction: The Superior Colliculus is a paired layered structure that regulates eye and head movements and is involved in multisensory control. It is divided in 7 alternating fibrous and cellular layers and our goal is to find methods capable of improving the contrast in the SC and separating its layers in vivo. In this study the visibility of the SC in vivo at 9.4T was investigated and validated with ex vivo measurements at 9.4T and 14T. Subjects and Methods: For the in vivo measurements 10 subjects were measured at the 9.4T Siemens, Erlangen. For each participant three different sequences were used: acquisition-weighted (AW) [1] (nominal resolution of 0.175 9 0.132 9 0.6; TE = 18 ms), multiecho (ME) 3D GRE (0.4 mm isotropic resolution, TE = 6:6:36 ms), and whole brain MP2RAGE (0.8 isotropic resolution). The AW images were k-space filtered with a Hanning function in the phase encoding dimension [2] in order to increase the SNR. R2* maps were calculated from the ME images [3]. VOIs of the SC were drawn based on the AW images and the R2* maps in the coordinate space of the AW images for each subject and both hemispheres. The contrast-tonoise-ratio (CNR) between the SC and a WM VOI was calculated. The post-mortem brainstem sample was fixed in formalin (4 ), measured in the 9.4T using the in vivo protocol, and then cut to fit the 14T volume coil. At 14T, 3D GRE (50 lm isotropic resolution) and DTI EPI (6dir, b = 10,000, 300 lm isotropic resolution). Results: In-vivo the AW sequence yielded the highest CNR values in the SC. The quantitative R2*map did not improve the CNR and higher values were obtained for the 5thecho of the ME sequence (36 ms). CNR was very low for the MP2RAGE sequence (Fig. 1). The GRE ex vivo images were comparable to the in vivo images. The first eigenvector of the DTI images show the superficial layer in accordance to its anatomy and also a layering structure in the middle part of the SC, which may represent one of the intermediate layers of the SC. Structural details that are not visible in vivo were revealed with the ex vivo scans (Fig. 2). Discussion/Conclusion: This experiment emphasizes the potential of UHF MRI in measuring deep-bain structures. The use of 9.4T in vivo and the comparison of this data with ex vivo samples may enable us to create more robust and accurate atlases of the SC and possibly reveal the layering pattern of the SC.
Paper Session II-B - A Strategy for the Initial Wetting of a Plant Cultivation Unit in Space (2000)

NASA seeks to utilize plants to recycle air, water, wastes, provide food and contribute to the psychological well being of the crew during prolonged space flight missions. We believe that the provision of adequate levels of water (without causing water logging) and oxygen to the root zone are the most crucial components holding back major advancements in this area. As part of the Microgravity Plant Nutrient Experiment (MPNE-02) space flight investigation, the plant growth hardware will be launched in an unpowered, dry condition and initiated by the crew on-orbit. We report here on preliminary efforts at developing a strategy for the initial wetting of the root zone substrate based upon the use of moisture sensor-provided feedback control to the water input control mechanism. The ability to initially wet, in a uniform fashion, the plant culture root zone substrate under microgravity conditions will be a critical operational requirement for all long-duration plant growth efforts in space.
Synthesis of Cis,syndiotactic A-alt-B Copolymers from Two Enantiomerically Pure Trans-2,3-Disubstituted-5,6-Norbornenes (2016)

Cis,syndiotacticA-alt-B copolymers, where A and B are two enantiomerically pure trans-2,3-disubstituted-5,6-norbornenes with "opposite" chiralities, can be prepared with stereogenic-at-metal initiators of the type M(NR)(CHR')(OR")(pyrrolide). Formation of a high percentage of alternating AB copolymer linkages relies on an inversion of chirality at the metal with each propagating step and a relatively fast formation of an AB sequence as a consequence of a preferred diastereomeric relationship between the chirality at the metal and the chirality of the monomer. This approach to formation of an alternating AB copolymer contrasts dramatically with the principle of forming AB copolymers from achiral monomers and catalysts.
Tcl-1 Inhibits Nuclear Export of TR3 and Is Highly Expressed in ZAP70-Positive CLL B-Cells. (2004)

Abstract Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is the most frequent leukemia afflicting the Western world. Unlike other more aggressive leukemias and lymphomas, CLL B-cells do not divide at a high rate and expansion of the malignant clone appears to be due to underlying defect in apoptosis. Elevated levels of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of CLL. The activity of Bcl-2 can be modulated my interactions with other cellular proteins. Recently, orphan nuclear receptor TR3 (nur77) was shown to exit the nucleus, bind Bcl-2, and convert Bcl-2 into a killer protein (Lin, et al., CELL, 116:527, 2004). We evaluated the expression of TR3 by immunoblotting in CLL B-cells specimens. High levels of TR3 protein were present in 8 of 8 CLL patient specimens. Subcellular fractionation studies showed predominately nuclear localization of TR3 in 2 of 2 CLL specimens examined. Because Akt is known to regulate TR3 activity in the nucleus (Pekarsky, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.98:3690, 2001), we also examined the expression of the Akt regulator, Tcl-1. The Tcl-1 protein was expressed in the majority of CLL samples and at high levels in 8 of 16 CLL specimens, correlating with ZAP70-positivity. In gene transfection experiments using tumor cell lines, over-expression of Tcl-1 inhibited nuclear export of TR3, as determined by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. We propose a model in which expression of the oncogene Tcl-1 in CLL B-cells (perhaps related to ZAP70 expression) modulates nuclear Akt activity, in turn suppressing TR3 function, and thus reducing activity of the TR3-mediated pathway for conversion of Bcl-2 from protector to killer. This hypothesis requires further experimental testing.
Fundamental Studies of P(GeH3)3, As(GeH3)3, and Sb(GeH3)3:  Practical n-Dopants for New Group IV Semiconductors (2006)

We introduce a new chemical approach to the incorporation of high concentrations of active n-dopant atoms into group-IV semiconductors via low temperature, low cost, high efficiency routes involving carbon-free single-source inorganic hydrides. Controlled substitution of As into Ge-based semiconductors is made possible by the use of As(GeH3)3, which furnishes structurally and chemically compatible AsGe3 molecular cores. As(GeH3)3 is synthesized in high purity yields (∼75%) via a new single-step method based on reactions of GeH3Br and As[Si(CH3)3]3, circumventing the need for toxic and unstable starting materials as used in earlier approaches. We demonstrate the development of a viable route to the entire family of compounds M(GeH3)3 {M = P, As, Sb}, suitable for doping or superdoping applications of a wide range of functional materials. The structural, vibrational, and thermochemical properties of M(GeH3)3 are simulated for the first time via density functional theory calculations using both all-electron and effective core potentials. The vibrational calculations are in excellent agreement with the observed infrared spectra and the thermochemical stability is predicted to decrease with increasing molecular mass, in accord with experimental observations. The simulated structures show that the Ge−M−Ge angles decrease with increasing M size and further resolve inconsistencies with earlier gas electron diffraction measurements of P(GeH3)3. Bulk supercell calculations are then used to study the formation free energy of P, As, and Sb incorporation in bulk Ge, as well as the bond and lattice strains induced by the dopant atoms in the host diamond-structure lattice. As a first example of the usability of the M(GeH3)3 family, we demonstrate the successful doping of metastable Ge1-ySny alloys. This represents a crucial step toward the goal of developing photonic devices, such as photodetectors and photovoltaic cells, based on Ge1-ySny. Infrared ellipsometry experiments demonstrate high carrier concentrations and excellent resistivities in As(GeH3)3-doped Ge1-ySny. The latter are only moderately higher than those measured in pure Ge for the same dopant levels.
Cone motion viscosity and optical second harmonic generation of ferroelectric liquid crystalline dendrimers (2001)

We report second harmonic generation in a ferroelectric liquid crystalline trimer and ferroelectric liquid crystalline dendrimers of first, second and third generation. Thin cells were filled with the compounds by capillary forces at elevated temperature, and cooled from the surface stabilized ferroelectric state to below the glass transition temperature, while kept in an electric field. The cone motion viscosity and the threshold electric field for unwinding of the helix axis of the chiral tilted smectic mesophases were studied separately at elevated temperature, and these data were used to optimize the preparation of the films. The measured response time was between 0.3 and 3ms, which corresponds to a cone motion viscosity between 0.5 and 50 Pa s. Second harmonic generation was studied both at elevated temperature with an electric field and at room temperature with and without electric field. The first generation dendrimer exhibited a strong increase in the second order non-linear optical response with time at room temperature. The d 23-coefficient of this dendrimer was approximately four times larger than for the other macromolecules and was 0.045 pm V-1. The relatively large d-coefficient of the first generation dendrimer is ascribed to crystallization, which improved the orientation of the molecular dipoles.
Multiple related immunoglobulin variable-region genes identified by cloning and sequence analysis. (1978)

We have identified at least six EcoRI fragments of mouse DNA that encode variable-region gene sequences closely related to the mouse kappa light chain, MOPC-149. Two of these fragments have been cloned, and the entire nucleotide sequence of the variable-region genes encoded on each has been determined. Both genes encode closely related variable-region sequences extending from codon position 1 through position 97. Neither fragment encodes a constant-region sequence. Although both genes are closely related, they differ from one another and from the sequence expressed in the MOPC-149 cell from which they were cloned. These few differences cluster within the complementarity-determining regions although several occur in framework sequences as well. We therefore conclude that an antibody-producing cell contains genetic information corresponding to its expressed sequence and several other closely related but silent sequences. These initial results raise the possibility that similar sets of genes might exist corresponding to each of the many subgroups already identified among mouse kappa light chains. If true, this would further suggest that the mouse genome might be rich enough in variable-region genes so as to encode a major portion of the variable-region repertoire.
Single-drive X-cut thin-sheet LiNbO/sub 3/ optical modulator with chirp adjusted using asymmetric CPW electrode (2006)

The authors propose a prechirped X-cut thin-sheet lithium niobate modulator. In this modulator, the /spl alpha/-chirp characteristic can be adjusted in the range of 0 to 0.8 by making coplanar waveguide electrodes asymmetric. In addition, a low-driving-voltage operation is achieved to make use of the thin-sheet structure without a SiO/sub 2/ buffer layer. We fabricated such a modulator with an /spl alpha/-chirp parameter of 0.65, a low half-wave voltage of 2.5 V, and a large bandwidth of 20 GHz. We also confirmed 10 Gb/s error-free transmission over an 80 km normal fiber (1.3 /spl mu/m zero-dispersion fiber) at a wavelength of 1.55 /spl mu/m by utilizing the modulator.