gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic evidence that von Economo neurons are regionally specialized extratelencephalic-projecting excitatory neurons (2019)

Abstract von Economo neurons (VENs) are bipolar, spindle-shaped neurons restricted to layer 5 of human frontoinsula and anterior cingulate cortex that appear to be selectively vulnerable to neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases, although little is known about other VEN cellular phenotypes. Single nucleus RNA-sequencing of frontoinsula layer 5 identified a transcriptomically-defined cell cluster that contained VENs, but also fork cells and a subset of pyramidal neurons. Cross-species alignment of this cell cluster with a well-annotated mouse classification shows strong homology to extratelencephalic (ET) excitatory neurons that project to subcerebral targets. This cluster also shows strong homology to a putative ET cluster in human temporal cortex, but with a strikingly specific regional signature. Together these results predict VENs are a regionally distinctive type of ET neuron, and we additionally describe the first patch clamp recordings of VENs from neurosurgically-resected tissue that show distinctive intrinsic membrane properties relative to neighboring pyramidal neurons.
Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds with Vinyl Sulfones1 (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFriedel—Crafts Alkylation of Aromatic Compounds with Vinyl Sulfones1William E. Truce, John A. Simms, and H. E. HillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 21, 5411–5413Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01117a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01117a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Asymmetrical Molecular Orientation in Langmuir-Blodgett Films by the Stark Effect (1987)

Three types of Langmuir-Blodgett film of an azobenzene derivative were prepared by hetero Y-type, Y-type and Z-type deposition methods. The molecular orientations in the films were determined from the analysis of the linear Stark effect (electroabsorption) spectra. Molecules in the hetero Y-type film were proved to align asymmetrically. However, molecular orientation in the Z-type films showed very small asymmetry. Investigation of the long spacings determined from X-ray diffraction supported the conclusion from the Stark effect.
Assessing Students’ Understanding of Solid-State Electronics in the First Introductory-Level ECE Course (2019)

This research paper presents the results of an explorative study to identify what concepts beginning students find challenging regarding semiconductors physics, diodes and transistors at an introductory electric circuits course. In order to prepare students for practically-important and application-relevant circuits and systems, there is a need to properly introduce semiconductors and solid-state electronics early in the electrical/computer engineering curriculum. Such concepts are not traditionally covered in the very first circuits course in most electrical/computer engineering programs. The purpose of this paper is to explore students' level of understanding of basic semiconductor physics, diodes, transistors and simple circuits that utilize such devices. To address the research purpose, we utilize a Design-Based Research (DBR) methodology. Design-Based Research is an iterative process where new theory is developed through applying research and theory to a specific educational problem, developing conjectures about the relationship between variables, testing and then revising educational intervention based on findings and then retesting. We analyze students' final exam scores (n=99) to determine which topics were most challenging and then qualitatively analyze students' work to explore common errors. As more Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) programs look to modernize their introductory courses to include topics of semiconductor physics and devices, this research can inform instructional and curricular interventions.
The Effects of Market Practices in Oligopolistic Markets: An Experimental Examination of the Ethyl Case (2001)

This outstanding collection spanning three decades comprises a superb selection of Charles R. Plott’s work in experimental economics. Market Institutions and Price Discovery contains papers which define problems, create laboratory methodology and produce the first results in many areas of experimental economics.
Unextendible product bases and locally unconvertible bound entangled states (2003)

Mutual convertibility of bound entangled states under local quantum operations and classical communication (LOCC) is studied. We focus on states associated with unextendible product bases (UPB) in a system of three qubits. A complete classification of such UPBs is suggested. We prove that for any pair of UPBs $S$ and $T$ the associated bound entangled states $ρ_S$ and $ρ_T$ can not be converted to each other by LOCC, unless $S$ and $T$ coincide up to local unitaries. More specifically, there exists a finite precision $ε&gt;0$ such that for any LOCC protocol mapping $ρ_S$ into a probabilistic ensemble $(p_j,ρ_j)$, the fidelity between $ρ_T$ and any possible final state $ρ_j$ is smaller than $1-ε$.
Design and evaluation of a multimedia computing architecture based on a 3D graphics pipeline (2003)

With the innovation and integration of media objects in multimedia applications, the importance of architectural support for different types of media objects, e.g., image, video and graphics, in one platform has significantly increased. While several approaches based on vector or VLIW (very long instruction word) architectures, e.g., Vector-IRAM and Imagine, have been pursued, they are not as effective as dedicated graphics pipelines for high-performance 3D graphics. We have explored a new programmable computing architecture based on a 3D graphics pipeline, which utilizes dedicated hardware resources in the 3D graphics pipeline for other types of multimedia computing. Adding programmable flexibility to a graphics pipeline for texture mapping has proven to be effective, e.g., pixel shader. However, due to the diversity of imaging and video processing applications, there are several challenges associated with converting a fixed graphics pipeline to a flexible multimedia computing engine. In this paper, we identify the additional architectural requirements, introduce the proposed architecture with extension details, and present the results of the performance evaluation. With cycle-accurate simulation of several benchmark functions, we have verified that the proposed architecture outperforms a modem powerful media processor in imaging and video processing by a factor of 1.3 to 7.5. The 3D graphics performance would not change much because the additional pipeline stages for the extension result in longer pipeline latency but similar throughout.
Analysis of void removal in liquid composite molding using microflow models (2002)

Abstract Void removal in liquid composite molding was studied. Two void removal mechanisms were observed during flow visualization. Owing to the complicated geometry in the fiber reinforcement, micron‐sized flow channels were fabricated in order to carry out quantitative analysis. The mobility of voids in both straight and constricted channels was investigated. It was found that the mobility of the bubble is related to both the bubble size and the wetting between the fluid and the solid surface (i.e. contact angle). A snap‐off effect of the gas bubble was observed when the bubble passed through the constricted channel. The snap‐off time was found to be a function of constriction geometry and the capillary number.
Assessing IPv6 through web access a measurement study and its findings (2011)

Transitioning an infrastructure the size of the Internet is no small feat. We are in the midst of such a transition, i.e., from IPv4 to IPv6. IPv6 was standardized 15 years ago, but until recently there were few incentives to adopt it. The allocation of the last large block of IPv4 addresses changed that, and migrating to an IPv6 Internet has become more urgent. This migration is, however, still rife with uncertainties and challenges. The goal of this paper is to provide insight into this transition, and possibly make it smoother. The focus is on the "network," and the paper reports on extensive measurements that compare and contrast IPv6 and IPv4. Two important hypotheses, denoted as H1 and H2, were identified and validated. H1 argues that the IPv6 and IPv4 data planes now perform by and large comparably. In contrast, H2 points to routing differences as the primary culprit behind occurrences of poorer IPv6 performance. In other words, promoting IPv6 and IPv4 peering parity is probably the single most effective step towards equal IPv6 and IPv4 performance
Music-content-adaptive robust principal component analysis for a semantically consistent separation of foreground and background in music audio signals (2014)

International audience
A VLSI architecture for a single-chip 5-Mbaud QAM receiver (2003)

The architecture design and VLSI implementation of 5-MBd quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) receiver chip are discussed. The chip contains all of the signal processing blocks required to implement a complete all-digital QAM receiver including a quadrature demodulator, an adaptive feedforward equalizer (FFE), an adaptive decision-feedback equalizer (DFE), a sampling phase error detector, and a numerically controlled oscillator (NCO). The FFE and DFE are both 20-tap filters and use an LMS coefficient updating algorithm. The FFE can be used in either a T-spaced or T/2-spaced mode. The projected maximum clock frequency of the receiver chip is 100 MHz for a symbol rate of 5 MBd. The receiver accommodates modulation formats as complex as 256-QAM, which corresponds to a peak throughput rate of 40 Mb/s. The chip will be fabricated in 1.0- mu m CMOS, and will require an estimated 10-mm*7-mm die area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genome-wide association study of pain sensitivity assessed by questionnaire and the cold pressor test (2021)

We deployed an online pain sensitivity questionnaire (PSQ) and an at-home version of the cold pressor test (CPT) in a large genotyped cohort. We performed genome-wide association studies on the PSQ score (25,321 participants) and CPT duration (6853). We identified one new genome-wide significant locus associated with the PSQ score, which was located in the TSSC1 (also known as EIPR1 ) gene (rs58194899, OR = 0.950 [0.933-0.967], P -value = 1.9 × 10 -8 ). Although high pain sensitivity measured by both PSQ and CPT was associated with individual history of chronic and acute pains, genetic correlation analyses surprisingly suggested an opposite direction: PSQ score was inversely genetically correlated with neck and shoulder pain ( rg = -0.71), rheumatoid arthritis (-0.68), and osteoarthritis (-0.38), and with known risk factors, such as the length of working week (-0.65), smoking (-0.36), or extreme BMI (-0.23). Gene-based analysis followed by pathway analysis showed that genome-wide association studies results were enriched for genes expressed in the brain and involved in neuronal development and glutamatergic synapse signaling pathways. Finally, we confirmed that females with red hair were more sensitive to pain and found that genetic variation in the MC1R gene was associated with an increase in self-perceived pain sensitivity as assessed by the PSQ.
Light-Off in Plasmon-Mediated Photocatalysis (2021)

In plasmon-mediated photocatalysis it is of critical importance to differentiate light-induced catalytic reaction rate enhancement channels, which include near-field effects, direct hot carrier injection, and photothermal catalyst heating. In particular, the discrimination of photothermal and hot electron channels is experimentally challenging, and their role is under keen debate. Here we demonstrate using the example of CO oxidation over nanofabricated neat Pd and Au<sub>50</sub>Pd<sub>50</sub> alloy catalysts, how photothermal rate enhancement differs by up to 3 orders of magnitude for the same photon flux, and how this effect is controlled solely by the position of catalyst operation along the light-off curve measured in the dark. This highlights that small fluctuations in reactor temperature or temperature gradients across a sample may dramatically impact global and local photothermal rate enhancement, respectively, and thus control both the balance between different rate enhancement mechanisms and the way strategies to efficiently distinguish between them should be devised.
Contribution of the EssC ATPase to the assembly of the type 7b secretion system in Staphylococcus aureus (2022)

Secretion systems utilize ATPase activity to facilitate the translocation of proteins into and across membranes. In bacteria, the universally conserved SecA ATPase binds a large repertoire of preproteins and interacts with the SecYEG translocon. In contrast, the type 7b secretion system (T7bSS) of Staphylococcus aureus supports the secretion of a restricted subset of proteins. T7bSSs are found in several Firmicutes as gene clusters encoding secreted WXG100 proteins and FtsK/SpoIIIE-like ATPase. In S. aureus, this ATPase is called EssC and comprises two cytosolic forkhead-associated domains (FHA<sub>1-2</sub>), two membrane-spanning segments (TM<sub>1-2</sub>), and four cytosolic modules named DUF (domain of unknown function) and ATPases<sub>1-3</sub> (D1D2D3). However, a detailed understanding of the interactions of EssC in the T7bSS is not clear. Here, we tagged EssC and performed affinity chromatography of detergent-solubilized extracts of wild type and isogenic mutants of S. aureus. We found that EssC recruits EsaA, EssA, and EssB in a complex referred to as the ESS (ESAT-6 like secretion system) translocon, and secreted substrates were not required for translocon assembly. Furthermore, deletions of FHA<sub>1</sub> and DUF rendered EssC unstable, whereas FHA<sub>2</sub> was required for association with EssB. This interaction was independent of EsaA, but EsaA was required to recruit EssA to the EssC-EssB complex. Finally, we show that assembly of the ESS translocon was impaired upon mutation of D2 structural motifs. Together, our data indicate that the ESS translocon is maintained fully assembled at the plasma membrane and that D2 is fundamental in sustaining the integrity of this complex.
Devolatilizing Devices (2021)

No AccessPlastics Compounding and Polymer ProcessingDec 2021Devolatilizing DevicesKlemens Kohlgrüber, Michael Bierdel, Harald RustKlemens KohlgrüberSearch for more papers by this author, Michael BierdelSearch for more papers by this author, Harald RustSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908389.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2021Pages: 61-122Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-837-2eISBN: 978-1-56990-838-9 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
The Design of Roof Structure for Bicycle Stadium in Jinan Olympic Sports Center (2011)

Bicycle Stadium in Jinan Olympic Sports Center adopts spatial truss structure with steel tube. The design and analysis of the roof structure are introduced in detail. By applying the program SAP2000 and STCAD, the static and dynamic properties of the roof structure are obtained. In addition, the design of the cast steel support joint are studied, which focuses on analyzing the static behavior of the typical cast steel support by using the program ANSYS. The results prove that the spatial truss structure is reasonable, which can satisfy the requirements of safety of the building. For the complex support joints subjected to large reaction forces, cast steel support joints can meet the architectural and structural requirements. The research results in this paper can provide references for the design of similar engineering.
Effect of plasma processing reactor circuitry on plasma characteristics (2002)

Summary form only given. It is well know that external circuitry greatly influences the performance of plasma processing reactors. Simulation of external circuits difficult since the time in which the external circuit attains the steady-state is several orders of magnitude longer than typical plasma simulation time scales. In this paper, we present a technique to simulate the external circuit concurrently with the plasma and implement it into the Hybrid Plasma Equipment Model (HPEM). The resulting model is used to investigate the influence of external circuitry on plasma behavior.
Benzodiazepine-induced superoxide signalsB cell apoptosis: mechanistic insight and potential therapeutic utility (2002)

The properties of a proapoptotic 1,4-benzodiazepine, Bz-423, identified through combinatorial chemistry and phenotype screening are described. Bz-423 rapidly generated superoxide (O(2)(-)) in transformed Ramos B cells. This O(2)(-) response originated from mitochondria prior to mitochondrial transmembrane gradient collapse and opening of the permeability transition pore. Bz-423-induced O(2)(-) functioned as an upstream signal that initiated an apoptotic program characterized by cytochrome c release, mitochondrial depolarization, and caspase activation. Pretreatment of cells with agents that either block the formation of Bz-423-induced O(2)(-) or scavenge free radicals attenuated the death cascade, which demonstrated that cell killing by Bz-423 depends on O(2)(-). Parallels between Ramos cells and germinal center B cells prompted experiments to determine whether Bz-423 had therapeutic activity in vivo. This possibility was tested using the (NZB x NZW)F(1) murine model of lupus, in which the pathologically enhanced survival and expansion of germinal center B cells mediate disease. Administration of Bz-423 for 12 weeks specifically controlled germinal center hyperplasia and reduced the histological evidence of glomerulonephritis. Collectively, these studies define a new structure-function relationship for benzodiazepines and point to a new target and mechanism that could be of value for developing improved drugs to manage systemic lupus erythematosus and related disorders.
A selective molecularly imprinted polymer-carbon nanotube sensor for cotinine sensing (2013)

Conductive composite films comprised of single-walled carbon nanotubes coated with molecularly imprinted poly-4-vinylphenol are produced and characterized using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopies, confirming the successful molecular imprinting of the film with cotinine. The electrical resistance of the imprinted film changes significantly upon binding cotinine, by more than 30 kΩ, while the unimprinted film in comparison elicits little response. Additionally, once the cotinine template desorbs from the film, the resistance of the imprinted film returns to a value close to the pre-adsorption baseline. Scanning electron microscopy is used to study the morphology of the film compared with the unimprinted control, and gas chromatography quantitatively confirms that the imprinted film selectively detects cotinine while discriminating against the structurally similar alkaloid, nicotine.
Metabolic Reprogramming Rejuvenates Aged Myeloid Cells Restoring Cognition (2021)

Inflammaging is associated with aging-associated cognitive loss and neurodegeneration. Chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use has been reported to reduce the incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD), presumably by inhibiting inflammation, although NSAIDs appear to not be good candidates for anti-AD therapeutics given disappointing clinical trial results. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) acts downstream of NSAID target COX-2, a cyclooxygenase, to activate several G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) including EP2, which is now reported to reduce glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation during aging by increasing glycogen synthesis and polarizing myeloid cells toward the M1 proinflammatory phenotype. Inhibiting EP2 using small molecule drugs polarizes macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype, restores youthful metabolism and mitochondrial morphology as well as youthful hippocampus-based memory capability. EP2 may be a better target than COXs for the development of drugs that improve age-associated mild cognitive impairment and possibly even for the development of drugs to treat dementias.
Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial of Navigated Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Motor Recovery in Stroke (2018)

Background and Purpose- We aimed to determine whether low-frequency electric field navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to noninjured motor cortex versus sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation avoiding motor cortex could improve arm motor function in hemiplegic stroke patients when combined with motor training. Methods- Twelve outpatient US rehabilitation centers enrolled participants between May 2014 and December 2015. We delivered 1 Hz active or sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to noninjured motor cortex before each of eighteen 60-minute therapy sessions over a 6-week period, with outcomes measured at 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months after end of treatment. The primary end point was the percentage of participants improving ≥5 points on upper extremity Fugl-Meyer score 6 months after end of treatment. Secondary analyses assessed changes on the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer and Action Research Arm Test and Wolf Motor Function Test and safety. Results- Of 199 participants, 167 completed treatment and follow-up because of early discontinuation of data collection. Upper extremity Fugl-Meyer gains were significant for experimental ( P<0.001) and sham groups ( P<0.001). Sixty-seven percent of the experimental group (95% CI, 58%-75%) and 65% of sham group (95% CI, 52%-76%) improved ≥5 points on 6-month upper extremity Fugl-Meyer ( P=0.76). There was also no difference between experimental and sham groups in the Action Research Arm Test ( P=0.80) or the Wolf Motor Function Test ( P=0.55). A total of 26 serious adverse events occurred in 18 participants, with none related to the study or device, and with no difference between groups. Conclusions- Among patients 3 to 12 months poststroke, goal-oriented motor rehabilitation improved motor function 6 months after end of treatment. There was no difference between the active and sham repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation trial arms. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02089464.