gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ultra-wideband origami microwave absorber (2022)

Microwave absorbers have been used to mitigate signal interference, and to shield electromagnetic systems. Two different types of absorbers have been presented: (a) low-cost narrowband absorbers that are simple to manufacture, and (b) expensive wideband microwave absorbers that are based on complex designs. In fact, as designers try to increase the bandwidth of absorbers, they typically increase their complexity with the introduction of several electromagnetic components (e.g., introduction of multi-layer designs, introduction of multiple electromagnetic resonators, etc.,), thereby increasing their fabrication cost. Therefore, it has been a challenge to design wideband absorbers with low cost of fabrication. To address this challenge, we propose a novel design approach that combines origami math with electromagnetics to develop a simple to manufacture ultra-wideband absorber with minimal fabrication and assembly cost. Specifically, we utilize a Tachi-Miura origami pattern in a honeycomb configuration to create the first absorber that can maintain an absorptivity above 90% in a 24.6:1 bandwidth. To explain the ultra-wideband behavior of our absorber, we develop analytical models based on the transmission-reflection theory of electromagnetic waves through a series of inhomogeneous media. The ultra-wideband performance of our absorber is validated and characterized using simulations and measurements.
Ireland (1986)

The population of Ireland has grown by some 14.2 per cent between 1974–83, rising to 3,508,000 (Table 7.1). Over the same period the working population has increased at a marginally more rapid rate of 15.7 per cent to stand at 1,309,000 in 1983. Whilst disaggregated data is available only from 1978, this indicates that the rate of increase in the female working population (19.3 per cent) has been much greater than the corresponding growth in the male work-force (5.8 per cent). However, as a proportion of the total working population, women still only accounted in 1983 for 29.7 per cent.
Lymphocyte proliferation assays as potential biomarkers for toxicant exposures (1991)

Recently there has been interest in developing assays that can be used as indicators (biomarkers) of exposure to toxic agents. We have been exploring the potential utility of three lymphocyte proliferation assays [the responses of B lymphocytes to the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the responses of T lymphocytes to the mitogen concanavalin A (ConA), and the responses of T lymphocytes to antigenic stimuli in a mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) assay] as biomarkers of toxicant exposure. Studies were initiated to assess the applicability and specificity of these assays and to investigate the mechanisms by which toxicants alter lymphocyte proliferation. All studies were performed using cells isolated from Fischer 344 rats. To assess applicability, mitogen assays were performed using in vitro exposures to eight different toxicants: hydroquinone, benzoquinone, Aroclor 1254, styrene oxide, and the salts of mercury, cadmium, chromate, and nickel. In vitro concentrations spanned five orders of magnitude (100 to 0.01 mg/l). At the lowest concentration tested, all eight compounds induced changes in at least one mitogen assay, indicating that these assays may be applicable to a wide range of toxicants. Variations of the ConA and MLC assays were used to test for specificity. In both assays, splenocytes taken from rats exposed in vivo to either chromate or to cadmium responded differently when the cells were cocultured with exogenously added chromate or cadmium ions, indicating that it may be possible to detect exposure to a specific toxicant by performing modified lymphocyte proliferation assays. In the mechanistic studies, splenocytes from cadmium and chromate-treated rats altered the ConA-induced proliferation of cocultured syngeneic cells. In addition, the antigenicity of splenocytes isolated from cadmium-treated rats was enhanced when these cells were used as stimulators for allogeneic splenocytes. The results of these studies indicate that lymphocyte proliferation assays may be useful for detecting exposure to a wide range of toxicants and that variations of these assays may be useful for implementing immunologically based tests for detecting exposures to specific chemicals.
Testing the burden of rare variation in arrhythmia-susceptibility genes provides new insights into molecular diagnosis for Brugada syndrome (2015)

The Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a rare heritable cardiac arrhythmia disorder associated with ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Mutations in the SCN5A gene have been causally related to BrS in 20-30% of cases. Twenty other genes have been described as involved in BrS, but their overall contribution to disease prevalence is still unclear. This study aims to estimate the burden of rare coding variation in arrhythmia-susceptibility genes among a large group of patients with BrS. We have developed a custom kit to capture and sequence the coding regions of 45 previously reported arrhythmia-susceptibility genes and applied this kit to 167 index cases presenting with a Brugada pattern on the electrocardiogram as well as 167 individuals aged over 65-year old and showing no history of cardiac arrhythmia. By applying burden tests, a significant enrichment in rare coding variation (with a minor allele frequency below 0.1%) was observed only for SCN5A, with rare coding variants carried by 20.4% of cases with BrS versus 2.4% of control individuals (P = 1.4 × 10(-7)). No significant enrichment was observed for any other arrhythmia-susceptibility gene, including SCN10A and CACNA1C. These results indicate that, except for SCN5A, rare coding variation in previously reported arrhythmia-susceptibility genes do not contribute significantly to the occurrence of BrS in a population with European ancestry. Extreme caution should thus be taken when interpreting genetic variation in molecular diagnostic setting, since rare coding variants were observed in a similar extent among cases versus controls, for most previously reported BrS-susceptibility genes.
Subcellular RNA profiling links splicing and nuclear DICER1 to alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (2015)

Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression across eukaryotes. Although APA is extensively studied, its regulation within cellular compartments and its physiological impact remains largely enigmatic. Here, we used a rigorous subcellular fractionation approach to compare APA profiles of cytoplasmic and nuclear RNA fractions from human cell lines. This approach allowed us to extract APA isoforms that are subjected to differential regulation and provided us with a platform to interrogate the molecular regulatory pathways that shape APA profiles in different subcellular locations. Here, we show that APA isoforms with shorter 3' UTRs tend to be overrepresented in the cytoplasm and appear to be cell-type-specific events. Nuclear retention of longer APA isoforms occurs and is partly a result of incomplete splicing contributing to the observed cytoplasmic bias of transcripts with shorter 3' UTRs. We demonstrate that the endoribonuclease III, DICER1, contributes to the establishment of subcellular APA profiles not only by expected cytoplasmic miRNA-mediated destabilization of APA mRNA isoforms, but also by affecting polyadenylation site choice.
Enteric Neuromodulation for the Gut and Beyond (2019)

The small intestine is the longest organ in the human body, spanning a length of 5 m and compartmentalized into three distinct regions with specific roles in maintenance of comprehensive homeostasis. Along its length exists as a unique and independent system-called the enteric nervous system (ENS)-which coordinates the multitude of functions continuously around the clock. Yet, with so many vital roles played, the functions, relationships, and roles of the small intestine and ENS remain largely elusive. This fundamental hole in the physiology of the small intestine and ENS introduces a substantial number of challenges when attempting to create bioelectronic approaches for treatment of various disorders originating in the small intestine. Here, we review existing therapeutic options for modulating the small intestine, discuss fundamental gaps that must be addressed, and highlight novel methods and approaches to consider for development of bioelectronic approaches aiming to modulate the small intestine.
Colour Constancy in Immersive Viewing (2014)

Colour constancy measurements typically involve the participant viewing a limited-field scene (e.g., on a display screen) from an external vantage point (e.g., through a porthole) and comparing surface colours across a small number of distinct illuminations. Here we report colour constancy measurements from an immersive viewing setup in which scene appearance comparisons are made between multiple distinct illuminations. The setup consists of an enclosed room (approx. 2.5m x 2.5m x 2.5m) with all interior surfaces painted white, illuminated solely by multiple-channel LED light sources whose outputs are spectrally tuneable in real-time. Participants (n=6) sat inside the room on a black bench, facing a Mondrian-paper-lined three-sided open box positioned on a black pedestal approx. 1.5m distant, and gave responses via a black joystick. There were no other room contents. A 2-down, 1-up staircase protocol determined just-discriminable global illumination changes. Poorer discrimination of illumination change implies better colour constancy. On each trial, the reference illumination (D67) was shown for 2000ms followed by two test illuminations of 500ms each; each illumination change was preceded by a 400ms dark period. One test illumination was identical to the reference; the chromaticity of the other varied parametrically in uniform colour space from the reference target in one of four chromatic directions, blue or yellow (on the daylight locus), or red or green (on an orthogonal locus). All illuminations were the smoothest-possible metamers for the requested chromaticity. Illumination discrimination thresholds, calculated by averaging final staircase reversals, were lower on the orthogonal red-green locus than the daylight locus (p <0.06), and significantly higher for "bluer" illumination changes than "greener" directions (∆Euv = 17.2 vs 6.2; p <0.03). Global illumination change discrimination thus provides a robust method for assessing colour constancy in immersive viewing, and the results support the notion that constancy mechanisms are biased towards daylight illuminations. Meeting abstract presented at VSS 2014
Offset PDM RZ-DPSK for 40 Gb/s Long-Haul Transmission (2009)

We demonstrate a new direct-detection polarization-division-multiplexing modulation scheme without polarization tracking. This scheme reduces sensitivity to depolarization and exhibits less Q-factor fluctuations compared to conventional polarization-division-multiplexing.
Consequences and Mitigation Strategies of Heat Stress for Sustainability of Soybean (Glycine maxL. Merr.) Production under the Changing Climate (2020)

Increasing ambient temperature is a major climatic factor that negatively affects plant growth and development, and causes significant losses in soybean crop yield worldwide. Thus, high temperatures (HT) result in less seed germination, which leads to pathogenic infection, and decreases the economic yield of soybean. In addition, the efficiency of photosynthesis and transpiration of plants are affected by high temperatures, which have negative impact on the physio-biochemical process in the plant system, finally deteriorate the yield and quality of the affected crop. However, plants have several mechanisms of specific cellular detection of HT stress that help in the transduction of signals, producing the activation of transcription factors and genes to counteract the harmful effects caused by the stressful condition. Among the contributors to help the plant in re-establishing cellular homeostasis are the applications of organic stimulants (antioxidants, osmoprotectants, and hormones), which enhance the productivity and quality of soybean against HT stress. In this chapter, we summarized the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of soybean plants at various growth stages under HT. Furthermore, it also depicts the mitigation strategies to overcome the adverse effects of HT on soybean using exogenous applications of bioregulators. These studies intend to increase the understanding of exogenous biochemical compounds that could reduce the adverse effects of HT on the growth, yield, and quality of soybean.
Schizophrenia genetic variants are not associated with intelligence (2013)

Our data suggest that rare and common schizophrenia-associated variants do not explain the variation in IQ in healthy subjects or in schizophrenia patients. Thus, reductions in IQ in schizophrenia patients may be secondary to other processes related to schizophrenia risk.
Radiotracer in Kombination mit Magnetresonanz-Kontrastmittel für die simultane MR-PET-Bildgebung (2021)

Zusammenfassung Moderne bildgebende Verfahren der medizinischen Diagnostik, wie die Magnetresonanz-Tomographie (MRT) und die Positronen-Emissions-Tomografie (PET), erlauben eine immer präzisere und differenziertere Untersuchung von Krankheiten. Neben dem reinen PET- bzw. MRT-Ansatz befassen sich neue Methoden mit der simultanen PET-MR-Bildgebung, die erst durch die Entwicklung hybrider PET-MRT-Scanner ermöglicht wurde. Diese komplementären Bildgebungsverfahren kombinieren dabei in synergistischer Weise die hohe Auflösung durch MRT mit der großen Sensitivität durch die PET-Methode. Eine Möglichkeit, die Synergie beider Techniken zu nutzen, besteht darin, bereits klinisch etablierte PET-Radiopharmaka mit zugelassenen, paramagnetischen MR-Kontrastmitteln zu kombinieren. Diese Methode wurde in zahlreichen präklinischen und klinischen Studien untersucht. Eine alternative und elegantere Möglichkeit ist die Einführung beider Modalitäten in einer einzigen Kontrastsonde für die nicht invasive bimodale Bildgebung. Hier sind verschiedene Ansätze entwickelt worden, die jedoch umfangreichere Entwicklungsarbeit erfordern. Diese multifunktionellen Kontrastsonden wurden daher bislang nur in präklinischen Studien eingesetzt.
Use of activated graphitized carbon chips for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric and tandem mass spectrometric analysis of tryptic glycopeptides (2009)

Protein glycosylation has a significant medical importance as changes in glycosylation patterns have been associated with a number of diseases. Therefore, monitoring potential changes in glycan profiles, and the microheterogeneities associated with glycosylation sites, are becoming increasingly important in the search for disease biomarkers. Highly efficient separations and sensitive methods must be developed to effectively monitor changes in the glycoproteome. These methods must not discriminate against hydrophobic or hydrophilic analytes. The use of activated graphitized carbon as a desalting media and a stationary phase for the purification and the separation of glycans, and as a stationary phase for the separation of small glycopeptides, has previously been reported. Here, we describe the use of activated graphitized carbon as a stationary phase for the separation of hydrophilic tryptic glycopeptides, employing a chip-based liquid chromatographic (LC) system. The capabilities of both activated graphitized carbon and C(18) LC chips for the characterization of the glycopeptides appeared to be comparable. Adequate retention time reproducibility was achieved for both packing types in the chip format. However, hydrophilic glycopeptides were preferentially retained on the activated graphitized carbon chip, thus allowing the identification of hydrophilic glycopeptides which were not effectively retained on C(18) chips. On the other hand, hydrophobic glycopeptides were better retained on C(18) chips. Characterization of the glycosylation sites of glycoproteins possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic glycopeptides is comprehensively achieved using both media. This is feasible considering the limited amount of sample required per analysis (<1 pmol). The performance of both media also appeared comparable when analyzing a four-protein mixture. Similar sequence coverage and MASCOT ion scores were observed for all proteins when using either stationary phase.
Comparison of Novel Cleaning Solutions With Various Chelating Agents for Post-CMP Cleaning on Poly-Si Film Tung Ming Pan, Tan Fu Lei, Fu Hsiang Ko, Tien Sheng Chao, Tzu Huan Chiu, Ying Hao Lee, and Chih Peng Lu (2001)

In this study, various cleaning solutions containing chelating agents with carboxyl acid group ( COOH), such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, citric acid and oxalic acid, were developed for post-poly-Si CMP cleaning. The chelating agent and tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) were simultaneously added into 2% ammonium hydroxide alkaline solution to promote the removal efficiency on particles and metallic impurities. The effectiveness of various cleaning recipes and their interaction mechanism with poly-Si surface were studied. We could explain the surface behavior of various cleaning solutions by the different molecular size and charge of chelating agents. Based on the mechanism, the behavior of surface particle and metallic impurity can be realized. The co-existence of TMAH with citric acid or oxalic acid in the alkaline cleaning solutions can significantly enhance the electrical property for the capacitor. Index Terms—Chelating agents, citric acid, CMP, EDTA, oxalic acid, particles and metallic impurities, TMAH.
Inhibition of activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway in malignant pleural mesothelioma leads to G1 cell cycle arrest (2010)

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway plays pivotal roles in fundamental cellular functions including cell proliferation and cell survival. Its deregulation has been implicated in many types of human malignancies. We investigated the role of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in human malignant pleural mesothelioma (MM). Here, we report that aberrant activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is associated with cell cycle progression in MM cells. Inhibition of the PI3K activity by its small molecule inhibitor LY294002 led to significant G1 cell cycle arrest and suppression of cell proliferation in all MM cell lines that we examined. In addition, we found that the protein level of p27Kip1 was up-regulated and the protein level of cyclin D1 was down-regulated following LY294002 treatment in those MM cell lines. However, no noticeable apoptosis induction was observed following 24 h of LY294002 treatment in those MM cell lines. These results confirm that the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway is aberrantly active and plays a critical role for the cell cycle progression in human MM cells.
Improvement of MOSFET subthreshold leakage current by its irradiation with hydrogen radicals generated in microwave-excited high-density inert gas plasma (2002)

MOSFET subthreshold leakage currents are improved by their exposure to hydrogen radicals, generated in microwave-excited Ar-H/sub 2/ plasma. This mixture was chosen since Ar plasma resulted in both high production of hydrogen radicals and at the same time, only small changes of the exposed MOS characteristics. Experiments including exposure to plasma with different total and partial pressures and inert gases are presented.
EMERALDS: a small-memory real-time microkernel (2001)

EMERALDS (Extensible Microkernel for Embedded, ReAL-time, Distributed Systems) is a real-time microkernel designed for small-memory embedded applications. These applications must run on slow (15-25 MHz) processors with just 32-128 kbytes of memory, either to keep production costs down in mass produced systems or to keep weight and power consumption low. To be feasible for such applications, the OS must not only be small in size (less than 20 kbytes), but also have low overhead kernel services. Unlike commercial embedded OSs which rely on carefully optimized code to achieve efficiency, EMERALDS takes the approach of redesigning the basic OS services of task scheduling, synchronization, communication, and system call mechanism by using characteristics found in small-memory embedded systems, such as small code size and a priori knowledge of task execution and communication patterns. With these new schemes, the overheads of various OS services are reduced 20-40 percent without compromising any OS functionality.
Characteristics of Unsaturated HPS Lamps Operated on Mercury Ballasts (1993)

(1993). Characteristics of Unsaturated HPS Lamps Operated on Mercury Ballasts. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 91-96.
Characterizing the protein corona of polystyrene nanoparticles (2016)

Nanoparticles are of great interest for their use in biomedical applications like imaging and drug delivery. They are used as delivery vesicles to carry drugs to cells, while protecting them from degradation and allowing a targeted delivery. It is important to understand the interaction of nanoparticles with the biological systems, in order to make these processes more efficient. Upon injection of nanoparticles inside the blood, there is a competition of different biological molecules to adsorb on the surface of the nanoparticles. Numerous proteins are present in the plasma at high concentrations and interact with the nanomaterial surface forming a cloud of proteins known as the “protein corona”. The protein corona alters the size and composition of a nanomaterial, giving it an identity which is not the same as its synthetic identity [1]. The physical parameters of nanoparticles could affect the composition of protein corona, which is dynamic as the proteins are exchanging and the composition is evolving. This interface can be divided into the “hard” and the “soft” corona, depending on the binding strength and exchange rates of the proteins associated with the nanomaterial surface. The proteins with high binding affinities that are tightly bound to the nanoparticles form the “hard” protein corona and the ones that are loosely bound, have high exchange rates and can be easily replaced, form the “soft” corona. The cell or organ sees the nanoparticle‐protein complexes when interacting with a nanoparticle dispersed in a biological medium. That means that the corona defines the biological identity of nanoparticles and influences the cytotoxicity and endocytosis. Due to the complexity of the protein corona, it has been challenging to characterize. Approaching the project with microscopy techniques will answer critical questions about the structure of nanoparticles and their interactions with the biological systems, which can be used to make biomedical applications more efficient.
Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Two-Dimensional WS2 from WF6, H2 Plasma, and H2S (2017)

Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides are potential low dissipative semiconductor materials for nanoelectronic devices. Such applications require the deposition of these materials in their crystalline form and with controlled number of monolayers on large area substrates, preferably using deposition temperatures compatible with temperature sensitive structures. This paper presents a low temperature plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process for 2D WS2 based on a ternary reaction cycle consisting of consecutive WF6, H2 plasma, and H2S reactions. Strongly textured, nanocrystalline WS2 is grown at 300 °C. The composition and crystallinity of these layers depends on the PEALD process conditions, as understood by a model for the redox chemistry of this process. The H2 plasma is essential for the deposition of WS2 as it enables the reduction of −W6+Fx surface species. Nevertheless, the impact of subsurface reduction reactions needs to be minimized to obtain WS2 with well-controlled composition (S/W ratio of 2).