gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tetrameric cations derived from o-aminobenzaldehyde and their utility in the synthesis of complexes of a tetraazaannulene (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetrameric cations derived from o-aminobenzaldehyde and their utility in the synthesis of complexes of a tetraazaannuleneJohn S. Skuratowicz, Ian L. Madden, and Daryle H. BuschCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1977, 16, 7, 1721–1725Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50173a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50173a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Disulfiram Produces Potent Anxiolytic-Like Effects Without Benzodiazepine Anxiolytics-Related Adverse Effects in Mice (2022)

Disulfiram is an FDA approved drug for the treatment of alcoholism. The drug acts by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase, an enzyme essential to alcohol metabolism. However, a recent study has demonstrated that disulfiram also potently inhibits the cytoplasmic protein FROUNT, a common regulator of chemokine receptor CCR2 and CCR5 signaling. Several studies have reported that chemokine receptors are associated with the regulation of emotional behaviors in rodents, such as anxiety. Therefore, this study was performed to clarify the effect of disulfiram on emotional behavior in rodents. The anxiolytic-like effects of disulfiram were investigated using an elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, a typical screening model for anxiolytics. Disulfiram (40 or 80 mg/kg) significantly increased the amount of time spent in the open arms of the maze and the number of open arm entries without affecting the total open arms entries. Similar results were obtained in mice treated with a selective FROUNT inhibitor, disulfiram-41 (10 mg/kg). These disulfiram-associated behavioral changes were similar to those observed following treatment with the benzodiazepine anxiolytic diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). Moreover, disulfiram (40 mg/kg) significantly and completely attenuated increased extracellular glutamate levels in the prelimbic-prefrontal cortex (PL-PFC) during stress exposure on the elevated open-platform. However, no effect in the EPM test was seen following administration of the selective aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor cyanamide (40 mg/kg). In contrast to diazepam, disulfiram caused no sedation effects in the open-field, coordination disorder on a rotarod, or amnesia in a Y-maze. This is the first report suggesting that disulfiram produces anxiolytic-like effects in rodents. We found that the presynaptic inhibitory effects on glutaminergic neurons in the PL-PFC may be involved in its underlying mechanism. Disulfiram could therefore be an effective and novel anxiolytic drug that does not produce benzodiazepine-related adverse effects, such as amnesia, coordination disorder, or sedation, as found with diazepam. We propose that the inhibitory activity of disulfiram against FROUNT function provides an effective therapeutic option in anxiety.
Hierarchical control of interleukin 13 (IL-13) signals in lung fibroblasts by STAT6 and SOX11 (2018)

Interleukin (IL)-13 is a signature cytokine of type 2 inflammation important for the pathogenesis of various diseases, including allergic diseases. Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 6 is a critical transcriptional factor for the IL-13 signals; however, it remains unknown how expression of the IL-13-induced genes is differentiated by the transcriptional machineries. In this study, we identified IL-13-induced transcriptional factors in lung fibroblasts using DNA microarrays in which SOX11 was included. Knockdown of SOX11 down-regulated expression of periostin and CCL26, both of which are known to be downstream molecules of IL-13, whereas enforced expression of SOX11 together with IL-13 stimulation enhanced expression of periostin. Moreover, we found that in DNA microarrays combining IL-13 induction and SOX11 knockdown there exist both SOX11-dependent and -independent molecules in IL-13-inducible molecules. In the former, many inflammation-related and fibrosis-related molecules, including periostin and CCL26, are involved. These results suggest that SOX11 acts as a <i>trans</i>-acting transcriptional factor downstream of STAT6 and that in lung fibroblasts the IL-13 signals are hierarchically controlled by STAT6 and SOX11.
Phagocytosis of Candida albicans Enhances Malignant Behavior of Murine Tumor Cells (1987)

Murine tumor cells were induced to phagocytize either Candida albicans or group A streptococcal cells. The presence of microbial particles within the tumor cell cytoplasm had no effect on in vitro tumor cell growth. However, when Candida albicans-infected tumor cells were injected into syngeneic mice, they formed tumors that grew faster, invaded the surrounding normal tissue more rapidly and metastasized more rapidly than control tumor cells. Tumor cells infected with group A streptococcal particles did not grow faster or show increased malignant behavior. These data indicate that the in vivo behavior of malignant tumor cells can be modulated by microbial particles, which are often present in the microenvironment of the growing tumor.
Design of Dual Band Patch Antennas for Cellular Communications by Genetic Algorithm Optimization (2012)

Designing multiband antennas with low volume becomes of practical interest for mobile telecommunications. This paper presents the designs of five small dual band patch antennas for GSM 1800 (1710-1880MHz) and Bluetooth (2400-2483.5MHz) applications using a genetic algorithm combined with MoM (Method of Moments). A substrate with dielectric constant 3.2 and height 8mm is used for the first two dual band designs. The height is reduced thanks to the optimization process to 6mm in the third design by inserting a shorting pin to the fragmented patch antenna. Further the height is reduced to 4mm in the by inserting two shorting pins. In the final design with three shorting pins, the height is only 3mm. The patch dimensions are similar to that of the conventional rectangular patch for the center frequency of the lowest frequency band but with the advantage of having dual-band operation at the desired bands. Genetic algorithm optimization is used to optimize the patch geometry, feed position and shorting positions. HFSS is used to carry out simulations. The antenna thickness is reduced from 8mm to 3mm by incorporating shorting pins which position is optimized by the genetic algorithm.
Expression of α2,6-sialic acid-containing and Lewis-active glycolipids in several types of human ovarian carcinomas (2010)

To identify glycolipid antigens associated with histologically defined types of ovarian carcinomas, we determined the amounts of α2,6-sialyl and Lewis-active glycolipids, the specific activities of the α2,3- and α2,6-sialyltransferases, and the gene expression of sugar transferases in mucinous and serous cystadenocarcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma and endometrioid carcinoma tissues and cell lines derived from them. α2,6-sialyl glycolipid IV6NeuAcα-nLc4Cer detected with a newly developed monoclonal antibody, Y916, was present in 5/7 serous cystadenocarcinoma cases in relatively higher amounts than those in the other carcinoma tissues. On the other hand, the amounts of Lewis-active glycolipids in serous cystadenocarcinoma tissues were lower than those in the other carcinoma tissues. No correlation was observed between the structures of Lewis glycolipids and the histological classification. The gene expression of α2,3- and α2,6-sialyltransferases and α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase for the synthesis of Lewis-active glycolipids was not positively correlated with the amounts of the respective glycolipids, probably due to the epigenetic regulation of transferases in the overall metabolic pathways for lacto-series glycolipids. However, the amounts of GM3 and GD3 with short carbohydrate chains correlated with the relative intensities of GM3 and GD3 synthase gene expression, respectively. Among ovarian carcinoma-derived cell lines, the serous cystadenocarcinoma-derived ones exhibited a lower frequency of Lewis-active glycolipid expression than the other carcinoma-derived ones, which was similar to that in the respective tissues. Thus, malignancy-related Lewis-active glycolipids were shown to be regulated in different modes in ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomas and the other carcinomas.
The spectrum of multiple sclerosis misdiagnosis in the era of McDonald criteria: A multicenter study (PL01.003) (2016)

Objective: To characterize patients misdiagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) and hypothesize common causes for misdiagnosis. Background: Misdiagnosis of MS is a persistent if not growing problem despite, and perhaps because of, improved radiographic diagnostic techniques. Few studies have characterized the contemporary spectrum of MS misdiagnosis. Methods: Over 13 months, neurologists at four academic MS Centers submitted data concerning individual patients whom they had evaluated and determined to have been misdiagnosed with MS. Results: Of 110 misdiagnosed patients, 51 (46[percnt]) had “definite” and 59 (54[percnt]) “probable” misdiagnoses according to study definitions. The most frequent primary diagnoses were migraine alone or in combination with other diagnoses 24 (21[percnt]), fibromyalgia 16 (15[percnt]), nonspecific or non-localizing neurological symptoms with abnormal MRI 13 (12[percnt]), and conversion or psychogenic disorder 12 (11[percnt]). 27 additional diagnoses were reported. 32 (29[percnt]) of patients carried a misdiagnosis between 3-9 years and 29 (26[percnt]) for 10-20 years. 77 (70[percnt]) had taken disease modifying therapy, including natalizumab 14 (13[percnt]), mitoxantrone 2 (2[percnt]), cyclophosphamide 1 (1[percnt]). Four (4[percnt]) had participated in a research study of an MS therapy. In 79 (72[percnt]) of patients, participating neurologists indicated that there was evidence an earlier missed opportunity to make a correct diagnosis and 34 (31[percnt]) suffered unnecessary morbidity as a direct result of a misdiagnosis. Inappropriate attribution of symptoms to demyelinating disease contributed to misdiagnosis in 72 (65[percnt]) patients, and reliance upon historical symptoms without corroborating objective evidence of a lesion in 53 (48[percnt]). Over-reliance on MRI abnormalities to satisfy dissemination in space in a patient with nonspecific neurological symptoms contributed to misdiagnosis in 66 (60[percnt]). Conclusions: Misdiagnosis of MS is a common problem that may lead to treatment-related as well as psychosocial morbidity. Misinterpretation and misapplication of MS clinical and radiographic diagnostic criteria are important causes of misdiagnosis.
Wet oxidation of amorphous Si0.67Ge0.25C0.08 grown on (100) Si substrates (1998)

Wet oxidation annealing of thin films of amorphous Si0.67Ge0.25C0.08 was performed over the temperature range from 700 to 950 °C. Changes in composition and microstructure were assessed using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy. A nearly pure layer of SiO2 with approximately 1 at. % carbon was formed, with Ge being rejected from the oxide at all temperatures. At low temperatures, the oxide formed was very thin. Ge piled up at the oxide/film interface and the thin film microstructure remained amorphous. At higher temperatures, a network of nanocrystals was observed which was believed to provide a grain boundary diffusion path for Ge which had redistributed throughout the remaining layer. It is proposed that the Ge layer had inhibited oxidation at the lower temperatures, whereas its removal resulted in increased oxidation rates at higher temperatures. Annealing at 950 °C for 5 and 6 h resulted in an epitaxial transformation and a single crystal structure. This process occurred as a result of the silicon being removed from the substrate by the oxide front which served as a sink. Germanium then diffused into the vacancies in the substrate forming a new epitaxial layer.
TRUE THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION (TTR) OF IMAGES (1978)

The mission of Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography is to showcase the latest clinical and research developments in CT, MR, and closely related diagnostic techniques. We encourage submission of both original research and review articles that have immediate or promissory clinical applications. Topics of special interest include: 1) functional MR and CT of the brain and body; 2) advanced/innovative MRI techniques (diffusion, perfusion, rapid scanning); and 3) advanced/innovative CT techniques (perfusion, multi-energy, dose-reduction, and processing).
Using additive expert ensembles to cope with concept drift (2005)

We consider online learning where the target concept can change over time. Previous work on expert prediction algorithms has bounded the worst-case performance on any subsequence of the training data relative to the performance of the best expert. However, because these "experts" may be difficult to implement, we take a more general approach and bound performance relative to the actual performance of any online learner on this single subsequence. We present the additive expert ensemble algorithm AddExp, a new, general method for using any online learner for drifting concepts. We adapt techniques for analyzing expert prediction algorithms to prove mistake and loss bounds for a discrete and a continuous version of AddExp. Finally, we present pruning methods and empirical results for data sets with concept drift.
Etat de l'art des aérogénérateurs (2002)

Cet état de l'art a pour objectif de décrire les diverses technologies et les principales caractéristiques des générateurs électriques pour aérogénérateurs en précisant bien les tendances (variation électronique de vitesse, entraînements directs). En outre, les ressources énergétiques éoliennes, les caractéristiques du vent et des turbines ainsi que le développement du marché des éoliennes sont présentés pour aider le lecteur à bien comprendre l'ensemble des contraintes techniques et économiques.
Synthesis and X-ray Structure of Amide-Based Macrocycles, Catenanes and Pretzelane (2001)

The syntheses and crystal structure studies of amide-based catenanes derived from m-phenylene diacrylic acid and 5-acetoxy isophthalic acid (17% and 3% yield of 4a and 4b resp.) and octalactam macrocycles (21% yield of 3) are described. Hydrogen bonding patterns play a key role in the formation of the different conformations of octalactam 3. The crystal structures of 3 reveal a number of hydrogen-bonding interactions between the macrocycle and two different solvent molecules, which are presumably responsible for the different conformations. Furthermore, we report the X-ray structure of a catenane, which was converted into a “pretzelane” by bridging two phenolic hydroxy groups with a p-xylylene unit.
A plant-based oral vaccine to protect against systemic intoxication by Shiga toxin type 2 (2006)

Hemolytic uremic syndrome, the leading cause of kidney failure in children, often follows infection with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and is mediated by the Shiga type toxins, particularly type 2 (Stx2), produced by such strains. The challenge in protecting against this life-threatening syndrome is to stimulate an immune response at the site of infection while also protecting against Shiga intoxication at distal sites such as the kidney. As one approach to meeting this challenge, we sought to develop and characterize a prototypic orally delivered, plant-based vaccine against Stx2, an AB5 toxin. First, we genetically inactivated the Stx2 active A subunit gene and then optimized both subunit genes for expression in plants. The toxoid genes were then transformed into the Nicotiana tabacum (tobacco) cell line NT-1 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. Toxoid expression was detected in NT-1 cell extracts, and the assembly of the holotoxoid was confirmed. Finally, mice were immunized by feeding with the toxoid-expressing NT-1 cells or by parenteral immunization followed by oral vaccination (prime-boost strategy). The immunized mice produced Stx2-specific mucosal IgA and Stx2-neutralizing serum IgG. The protective efficacy of these responses was assessed by challenging the immunized mice with E. coli O91:H21 strain B2F1, an isolate that produces an activatable variant of Stx2 (Stx2d) and is lethal to mice. The oral immunization fully protected mice from the challenge. Results of this study demonstrated that a plant-based oral vaccine can confer protection against lethal systemic intoxication.
A Rigorous Comparison of Package and PCB Effects on Micromixer- and Gilbert Mixer-Based Upconverter MMICs (2006)

A Volterra series analysis is presented to study the package and printed circuit board (PCB) effects on the linearity of two W-CDMA upconverter MMIC designs. The first design adopts a recently popular micromixer with class-AB input stage. The second design is based on a commonly used Gilbert mixer with emitter degeneration. Both upconverter MMICs are designed to have the same adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) in the chip-level simulation. After fabrication, packaging and testing on PCB, the micromixer-based design consumes less direct current but causes more degradation in the ACPR performance due to the influence of package and PCB when compared to the Gilbert mixer-based design. The analysis indicates that the micromixer-based upconverter MMIC is rather susceptible to the parasitic effects from the ground interconnect, and therefore it needs a better package solution with a lower ground inductance for practical use
Effect of nitrogen on corrosion of duplex stainless steel weld metal (1998)

A type 329Jl duplex stainless steel was gas tungsten arc welded without filler material in an Ar–N2 gas mixture atmosphere with the aim of changing only the nitrogen content in the weld metal. The effect of nitrogen on the microstructure and corrosion properties of the weld metal was examined. An increase in nitrogen partial pressure increased the nitrogen content of the weld metal and brought reductions in the ferrite content and the quantity of Cr2N nitride precipitates. Three corrosion parameters, namely, critical pitting temperature (CPT), pitting potential, and corrosion rate, were measured for weld metals having different nitrogen contents. The CPT and pitting potential increased and corrosion rate decreased with increasing nitrogen content of the weld metal. The corrosion behaviour was explained in terms of changes in microstructure and pitting index depending on the nitrogen content of the weld metal.
Defining and estimating effects in cluster randomized trials: A methods comparison (2023)

Across research disciplines, cluster randomized trials (CRTs) are commonly implemented to evaluate interventions delivered to groups of participants, such as communities and clinics. Despite advances in the design and analysis of CRTs, several challenges remain. First, there are many possible ways to specify the causal effect of interest (eg, at the individual-level or at the cluster-level). Second, the theoretical and practical performance of common methods for CRT analysis remain poorly understood. Here, we present a general framework to formally define an array of causal effects in terms of summary measures of counterfactual outcomes. Next, we provide a comprehensive overview of CRT estimators, including the t-test, generalized estimating equations (GEE), augmented-GEE, and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). Using finite sample simulations, we illustrate the practical performance of these estimators for different causal effects and when, as commonly occurs, there are limited numbers of clusters of different sizes. Finally, our application to data from the Preterm Birth Initiative (PTBi) study demonstrates the real-world impact of varying cluster sizes and targeting effects at the cluster-level or at the individual-level. Specifically, the relative effect of the PTBi intervention was 0.81 at the cluster-level, corresponding to a 19% reduction in outcome incidence, and was 0.66 at the individual-level, corresponding to a 34% reduction in outcome risk. Given its flexibility to estimate a variety of user-specified effects and ability to adaptively adjust for covariates for precision gains while maintaining Type-I error control, we conclude TMLE is a promising tool for CRT analysis.
Use of MR Imaging to Determine Preservation of the Neurovascular Bundles at Robotic-assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy (2012)

Preoperative prostate MR imaging data changed the decision to use a nerve-sparing technique during RALP in 27% of patients in this series.
An Electrochemical Glucose Sensor from an Organically Modified Nanocomposite of Viologen and TiO2 (2010)

An organically modified TiO2 nanocomposite was explored for glucose detection. Bis-Butyl viologen (BBV) was mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles to generate highly dispersed nanocomposite solution, which provided organically modified nanocomposite film of TiO2 (BBV-TiO2). A transistor type sensor was fabricated using the BBV-TiO2 film and platinum gate electrode. The BBV-TiO2 nanocomposite sensor showed higher sensitivity to glucose sensing in low concentration region compared to that of TiO2 sensor. This result was ascribed to facilitated electron transport by the adsorbed viologen molecules on TiO2 nanoparticles, where viologen molecules act as an electron transfer mediator between enzyme and TiO2.
Divalent Cations Stabilize Unstacked Conformations of DNA and RNA by Interacting with Base Π Systems (1998)

Nucleic acid structure, stability, and reactivity are governed substantially by cations. We propose that magnesium and other biological inorganic ions unstack bases of DNA and RNA. This unstacking function of cations opposes their previously accepted role in stabilizing DNA and RNA duplexes and higher assemblies. We show that cations interact favorably with pi-systems of nucleic acid bases. These cation-pi interactions require access of cations or their first hydration shells to faces of nucleic acid bases. We observe that hydrated magnesium ions located in the major groove of B-DNA pull cytosine bases partially out from the helical stack, exposing pi-systems to positive charge. A series of critical cation-pi interactions contribute to the stability of the anticodon arm of yeast-tRNAphe, and to the magnesium core of the Tetrahymena group I intron P4-P6 domain. The structural consequences of divalent cation-pi interactions are clearly distinct from, and some cases in opposition to, cation-electron lone pair interactions. These observations of cation-pi interactions suggest a number of new mechanistic roles for cations in DNA bending, DNA-protein recognition, base-flipping, RNA folding, and catalysis.