gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localized Epidemic Detection in Networks with Overwhelming Noise (2015)

We consider the problem of detecting an epidemic in a population where individual diagnoses are extremely noisy. We show that exclusively local, approximate knowledge of the contact network suffices to accurately detect the epidemic. The motivation for this problem is the plethora of examples (influenza strains in humans, or computer viruses in smartphones, etc.) where reliable diagnoses are scarce, but noisy data plentiful. In flu or phone-viruses, exceedingly few infected people/phones are professionally diagnosed (only a small fraction go to a doctor) but less reliable secondary signatures (e.g., people staying home, or greater-than-typical upload activity) are more readily available.
U.S. National Libraries Task Force: A Review of Data Processing Interests (1973)

This paper has two specific purposes: (1) to relate what has been &#13;\naccomplished by the U.S. National Libraries Task Force on Cooperative &#13;\nActivities since its establishment in 1967 and &#13;\n(2) to identify areas which we &#13;\nare &#13;\ncurrently pursuing relative to the "brave new world" just around the corner.
Bandgap optimization of lattice matched triple junction solar cells by incorporation of InAs quantum dots (2012)

Intermediate band solar cells using quantum dots (QDs) have been proposed as an approach to increasing solar cell efficiency [1]. This paper presents results of attempts to grow QDs in the GaAs middle cell of lattice matched triple junction solar cells by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD). QD size and density as a function of number of layers is studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The use of strain compensation for multiple QD layers is presented. Incorporation of QDs into the middle cell of a triple junction device is shown to result in an increased short-circuit current density with minimal loss in the open circuit voltage. The result is an increase in efficiency of a QD device compared to a baseline device without QDs.
Tomographie optique diffuse de fluorescence de la souris (2007)

An optical fluorescence tomographer is being developed in the CEA-LETI in order to non invasively characterize tumors targeted by a fluorescence marker on living small animals. As biological tissues optical properties are highly heterogeneous, accurate fluorescence reconstructions must take them into account. It is achieved by reconstructing an optical heterogeneity map from the excitation measurements before doing the actual fluorescence distribution reconstruction. Validation experiments performed on a phantom show, accordingly to simulations, that the fluorescence reconstructions are improved quantitatively and qualitatively when the optical heterogeneity is taken into account. A follow up of lungs tumors of a living mouse shows the ability of the method to be applied for oncological studies.
Robust geometric matching for 3D object recognition (2002)

This paper considers a model-based approach to identifying and locating known 3D objects in 2D images of a scene containing them via geometric feature matching of model and image data represented in terms of local geometric features. The problems of finding feature correspondences in the presence of geometric uncertainty, missing, and spurious data features are explicitly handled. The fundamentally geometric and combinatorial elements of the feature matching problem are made explicit, and a formulation based on computational geometry is used to achieve a polynomial-time matching approach for which the author can guarantee completeness and correctness. This paper deals primarily with the case of planar objects undergoing full 3D motion and scaled-orthographic projection.
Performance analysis of coded multi-carrier wideband systems over fading channels (2004)

In this paper, we propose an efficient method to analyze the performance of coded multicarrier systems over multipath fading channels. The computation complexity is low and moreover, the analysis is able to capture the system performance with a specific interleaver which is not possible under the common uniform interleaving assumption. The framework in this paper can also be generalized to coded multichannel systems that suffer from correlated fading process.
Elucidating the gut microbiota composition and the bioactivity of immunostimulatory commensals for the optimization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2020)

Accumulating evidence from preclinical studies and human trials demonstrated the crucial role of the gut microbiota in determining the effectiveness of anticancer therapeutics such as immunogenic chemotherapy or immune checkpoint blockade. In summary, it appears that a diverse intestinal microbiota supports therapeutic anticancer responses, while a dysbiotic microbiota composition that lacks immunostimulatory bacteria or contains overabundant immunosuppressive species causes treatment failure. In this review, we explore preclinical and translational studies highlighting how eubiotic and dysbiotic microbiota composition can affect progression-free survival in cancer patients.
Structured neutron waves (2019)

Emerging quantum materials are becoming the building blocks for quantum devices and they are enabling new advances from spintronics to topological insulators. Their functionality typically comes from their inner magnetic field structure. Neutrons are a particularly good probe to characterize such features. The control of neutron orbital angular momentum and the spin-orbit interaction enables new characterizing techniques and increased sensitivity towards specific material properties. Here we review the preparation and characterization methods of structured neutron waves.
Delta-encoder: an effective sample synthesis method for few-shot object recognition (2018)

Learning to classify new categories based on just one or a few examples is a long-standing challenge in modern computer vision. In this work, we proposes a simple yet effective method for few-shot (and one-shot) object recognition. Our approach is based on a modified auto-encoder, denoted Delta-encoder, that learns to synthesize new samples for an unseen category just by seeing few examples from it. The synthesized samples are then used to train a classifier. The proposed approach learns to both extract transferable intra-class deformations, or "deltas", between same-class pairs of training examples, and to apply those deltas to the few provided examples of a novel class (unseen during training) in order to efficiently synthesize samples from that new class. The proposed method improves over the state-of-the-art in one-shot object-recognition and compares favorably in the few-shot case. Upon acceptance code will be made available.
ChemInform Abstract: N,N‐6‐Bis‐(2‐(3,4‐Dihydroxybenzyl)pyrrolidinyl)hexane, a Potent, Selective, Orally Active Dopamine Analogue with Hypotensive and Diuretic Activity. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Studies of beauty baryon decays toD0ph−andΛc+h−final states (2014)

Decays of beauty baryons to the ${D}^{0}p{h}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}{h}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ final states (where $h$ indicates a pion or a kaon) are studied using a data sample of $pp$ collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $1.0\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, collected by the LHCb detector. The Cabibbo-suppressed decays ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ are observed, and their branching fractions are measured with respect to the decays ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}p{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$. In addition, the first observation is reported of the decay of the neutral beauty-strange baryon ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{0}$ to the ${D}^{0}p{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ final state, and a measurement of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{0}$ mass is performed. Evidence of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Xi}}}_{b}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}}_{c}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay is also reported.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Novel NSCLC Treatments During the Era of Tumor Biomarker-Guided Therapy: A Population-Based Cohort Study in a Publicly Funded Health Care System (2023)

There are marked socioeconomic inequalities in NSCLC novel treatment utilization, even in the English National Health Service where treatment is free at the point of delivery. These findings have important implications for equitable delivery of drugs, which have transformed outcomes in metastatic lung cancer. Further work exploring the underlying causes is now needed.
(Invited) Solid-State Chemistries Stable with High-Energy Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2020)

The continued improvement in operating time and lifetime of electric vehicles and portable electronic devices requires higher energy density lithium ion batteries. The energy density of lithium-ion batteries can be increased by implementing high-voltage cathodes, but these cathodes are reactive and unstable during cycling with the electrolyte. To design coatings or solid electrolytes that can stabilize these cathodes, an understanding of how different chemistries interact with high-voltage cathodes is critically needed. We systematically evaluate the thermodynamic stability of a broad range of solid-state chemistries with common cathodes (1). A materials trade-off is found in that materials stable with lithiated cathodes are often unstable with delithiated cathodes, which limits the possible choice of materials stable throughout the cycling voltage. These computational findings reaffirm previously demonstrated coating and solid electrolyte chemistries and suggest that several new chemistries, including lithium phosphates and lithium ternary fluorides, are promising solid-state chemistries stable with high-voltage cathodes. Our study provides guiding principles for designing coating and solid electrolyte materials with long-term stability with high-voltage cathodes for lithium-ion batteries. (1) Nolan et al., ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 2444–2451
Phase Partitioning of GM1 and Its Bodipy-Labeled Analog Determine Their Different Binding to Cholera Toxin (2017)

Driven by interactions between lipids and proteins, biological membranes display lateral heterogeneity that manifests itself in a mosaic of liquid-ordered (Lo) or raft, and liquid-disordered (Ld) or non-raft domains with a wide range of different properties and compositions. In giant plasma membrane vesicles and giant unilamellar vesicles, specific binding of Cholera Toxin (CTxB) to GM1 glycolipids is a commonly used strategy to label raft domains or Lo membrane environments. However, these studies often use acyl-chain labeled bodipy-GM1 (bdGM1), whose headgroup accessibility and membrane order or phase partitioning may differ from those of GM1, rendering the interpretation of CTxB binding data quite problematic. To unravel the molecular basis of CTxB binding to GM1 and bdGM1, we explored the partitioning and the headgroup presentation of these gangliosides in the Lo and Ld phases using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations complemented by CTxB binding experiments. The conformation of both GM1 and bdGM1 was shown to be largely similar in the Lo and Ld phases. However, bdGM1 showed reduction in receptor availability when reconstituted into synthetic bilayer mixtures, highlighting that membrane phase partitioning of the gangliosides plays a considerable role in CTxB binding. Our results suggest that the CTxB binding is predominately modulated by the partitioning of the receptor to an appropriate membrane phase. Further, given that the Lo and Ld partitioning of bdGM1 differs from those of GM1, usage of bdGM1 for studying GM1 behavior in cells can lead to invalid interpretation of experimental data.
Using the inverse scattering series to predict the wavefield at depth and the transmitted wavefield without an assumption about the phase of the measured reflection data or back propagation in the overburden (2006)

Abstract The starting point for the derivation of a new set of approaches for predicting both the wavefield at depth in an unknown medium and transmission data from measured reflection data is the inverse scattering series. We present a selection of these maps that differ in order (i.e., linear or nonlinear), capability, and data requirements. They have their roots in the consideration of a data format known as the T-matrix and have direct applicability to the data construction techniques motivating this special issue. Of particular note, one of these, a construction of the wavefield at any depth (including the transmitted wavefield), order-by-order in the measured reflected wavefield, has an unusual set of capabilities (e.g., it does not involve an assumption regarding the minimum-phase nature of the data and is accomplished with processing in the simple reference medium only) and requirements (e.g., a suite of frequencies from surface data are required to compute a single frequency of the wavefield at depth when the subsurface is unknown). An alternative reflection-to-transmission data mapping (which does not require a knowledge of the wavelet, and in which the component of the unknown medium that is linear in the reflection data is used as a proxy for the component of the unknown medium that is linear in the transmission data) is also derivable from the inverse scattering series framework.
TBDB – A database of structurally annotated T-box riboswitch:tRNA pairs (2020)

Abstract T-box riboswitches constitute a large family of tRNA-binding leader sequences that play a central role in gene regulation in many gram-positive bacteria. Accurate inference of the tRNA binding to T-boxes is critical to predict their cis-regulatory activity. However, there is no central repository of information on the tRNA binding specificities of T-box riboswitches and de novo prediction of binding specificities requires advance knowledge of computational tools to annotate riboswitch secondary structure features. Here we present T-box annotation D ata b ase ( TBDB, https://tbdb.io ), an open-access database with a collection of 23,497 T-box sequences, spanning the major phyla of 3,621 bacterial species. Among structural predictions, the TBDB also identifies specifier sequences, cognate tRNA binding partners, and downstream regulatory target. To our knowledge, the TBDB presents the largest collection of feature, sequence, and structural annotations carried out on this important family of regulatory RNA.
A Novel One‐Pot Method for the Preparation of Pyrazoles by 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloadditions of Diazo Compounds Generated in situ. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient identification ofMalasseziayeasts by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization‐time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) (2013)

Implementation of the MALDI-TOF MS system as a routine identification tool will contribute to correct identification of Malassezia yeasts with minimal effort and in a short turnaround time, which is especially important for the rapid identification of Malassezia in skin diseases and nosocomial outbreaks.
Decentralized Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption from Learning with Errors over Rings (2016)

We propose a Decentralized multi-authority Ciphertext-Policy Attribute-Based Encryption (DCP-ABE) scheme, where any party can become an authority by creating a public key and generating private keys for the users by utilizing their attributes. Any user can encrypt data in terms of any monotone access structure over attributes issued from any chosen set of authorities without requiring any central authority. DCP-ABE utilizes Learning With Errors over Rings (R-LWE) as its underlying hardness assumption. Our post-quantum protocol is secure under selective-set model where adversaries can corrupt authorities only statically with adaptive key queries.
Photorefractive Liquid Crystals (2001)

▪ Abstract A review of the field of photorefractive liquid crystals is presented. The first reports of photorefractive liquid crystals occurred in 1994, and the performance of these materials has dramatically improved since that time. Liquid crystalline materials have proven to be highly versatile, showing photorefractive character under a wide range of conditions. For example, new composites based on high-molar-mass liquid crystals are now capable of forming volume (Bragg) gratings with high photorefractive gain coefficients of &gt;600 cm −1 . Formation times for photorefractive Bragg gratings of 15 ms with applied fields of only 0.1 V/μm have been reported. Low-molar-mass liquid crystals continue to be developed and show their largest photorefractive character in the thin (Raman-Nath) grating regime. Composites of nonmesogenic polymers and liquid crystals are also discussed. The experiments and theoretical work that have been used to characterize these materials are reviewed.
Simple Aza-Conjugate Addition Methodology for the Synthesis of Isoindole Nitrones and 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline Nitrones (2015)

Aryl-aldehydes containing ortho-substituted α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives react with hydroxylamine to afford reactive N-hydroxy-carbinolamine intermediates that undergo intramolecular aza-conjugate addition reactions to afford isoindole nitrones and 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline nitrones in good yield. Conditions have been developed to reduce these isoindole nitrones to their corresponding hydroxylamine, enamine, and amine derivatives. Isoindole nitrones react with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (DMAD) via a [4 + 2]-cycloaddition/deamination pathway to afford substituted naphthalene derivatives, while 3,4-dihydroisoquinoline nitrones react with DMAD via a [1,3]-dipolar cycloaddition pathway to afford tricyclic heteroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Condensation of Pyrrole and Pentafluorobenzaldehyde: A Novel Synthetic Pathway to Corrole (III) and Oligopyrromethenes (IV) and (V). (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
18F-Fluoroestradiol PET/CT Measurement of Estrogen Receptor Suppression during a Phase I Trial of the Novel Estrogen Receptor-Targeted Therapeutic GDC-0810: Using an Imaging Biomarker to Guide Drug Dosage in Subsequent Trials (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> Evaluate <sup>18</sup>F-fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT as a biomarker of estrogen receptor (ER) occupancy and/or downregulation during phase I dose escalation of the novel ER targeting therapeutic GDC-0810 and help select drug dosage for subsequent clinical trials.<b>Experimental Design:</b> In a phase I clinical trial of GDC-0810, patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer underwent FES PET/CT before beginning therapy and at cycle 2, day 3 of GDC-0810 therapy. Up to five target lesions were selected per patient, and FES standardized uptake value (SUV) corrected for background was recorded for each lesion pretherapy and on-therapy. Complete ER downregulation was defined as ≥90% decrease in FES SUV. The effect of prior tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapy on FES SUV was assessed.<b>Results:</b> Of 30 patients who underwent paired FES-PET scans, 24 (80%) achieved ≥90% decrease in FES avidity, including 1 of 3 patients receiving 200 mg/day, 2 of 4 patients receiving 400 mg/day, 14 of 16 patients receiving 600 mg/day, and 7 of 7 patients receiving 800 mg/day. Withdrawal of tamoxifen 2 months prior to FES PET/CT and withdrawal of fulvestrant 6 months prior to FES PET/CT both appeared sufficient to prevent effects on FES SUV. A dosage of 600 mg GDC-0810 per day was selected for phase II in part due to decreases in FES SUV achieved in phase I.<b>Conclusions:</b> FES PET/CT was a useful biomarker of ER occupancy and/or downregulation in a phase I dose escalation trial of GDC-0810 and helped select the dosage of the ER antagonist/degrader for phase II trials. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3053-60. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Planning for a Farm Tour: Keeping the Conversation Fresh (2015)

Hosting tours at your farm can be a great way to market your products and your farm’s brand. Tours let you tell potential customers how you grow your food, why they should buy it, and who you are as a farmer. This 3-page fact sheet discusses these topics and provides logistical advice for planning and executing a successful farm tour. Written by Claire Mitchell and Joy N. Rumble, and published by the UF Department of Agricultural Education and Communication, August 2015.
Multichannel Detection for Wideband Underwater Acoustic CDMA Communications (2006)

Direct-sequence (DS) code-division multiple access (CDMA) is considered for future wideband mobile underwater acoustic networks, where a typical configuration may include several autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) operating within a few kilometers of a central receiver. Two receivers that utilize multichannel (array) processing of asynchronous multiuser signals are proposed: the symbol decision feedback (SDF) receiver and the chip hypothesis feedback (CHF) receiver. Both receivers use a chip-resolution adaptive front end consisting of a many-to-few combiner and a bank of fractionally-spaced feedforward equalizers. In the SDF receiver, feedback equalization is implemented at symbol resolution, and receiver filters, including a decision-directed phase-locked loop, are adapted at the symbol rate. This limits its applicability to the channels whose time variation is slow compared to the symbol rate. In a wideband acoustic system, which transmits at maximal chip rate, the symbol rate is down-scaled by the spreading factor, and an inverse effect may occur by which increasing the spreading factor results in performance degradation. To eliminate this effect, feedback equalization, which is necessary for the majority of acoustic channels, is performed in the CHF receiver at chip resolution and receiver parameters are adjusted at the chip rate. At the price of increased computational complexity (there are as many adaptive filters as there are symbol values), this receiver provides improved performance for systems where time variation cannot be neglected with respect to the symbol rate [e.g., low probability of detection (LPD) acoustic systems]. Performance of the two receivers was demonstrated in a four-user scenario, using experimental data obtained over a 2-km shallow-water channel. At the chip rate of 19.2 kilochips per second (kc/s) with quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) modulation, excellent results were achieved at an aggregate data rate of up to 10 kb/s