gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure criteria for laser and hybrid welded sandwich panels (2006)

Design of laser welded sandwich panels has not considered the welds as part of the analysis. The preferred method of failure based on the design, is by global panel buckling. In order for this to occur the welds must be sufficiently strong. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of laser and hybrid weld parameters on strength of joint. Results of mechanical property testing will be used to generate a failure map that differentiates global panel buckling from weld/panel fracture. The resultant failure map will be utilized to determine necessary weld profiles and procedures as well as for use finite element models to improve design and performance.
Plastics Product and Process Design Strategies (2004)

Plastic components are vital components of many engineered products, frequently representing 20–40% of the product value. While injection molding is the most common process for economically producing complex designs in large quantities, a large initial monetary investment is required to develop appropriate tooling. Accordingly, injection molding may not be appropriate for applications that are not guaranteed to recoup the initial costs. In this paper, component cost and lead-time models are developed from industry data for an electrical enclosure consisting of two parts produced by a variety of low to medium volume manufacturing processes including fused deposition modeling, direct fabrication, and injection molding with used tooling, soft prototype tooling, and hard tooling. The viability of each process is compared with respect to the manufacturing cost and lead time for specific production quantities of one hundred, one thousand, and ten thousand. The results indicate that the average cost per enclosure assembly is highly sensitive to the production quantity, varying in range from $243 per enclosure for quantity one hundred to $0.52 per enclosure for quantity ten thousand. The most appropriate process varies greatly with the desired production quantity and cost/lead time sensitivity. As such, a probabilistic analysis was utilized to evaluate the effect of uncertain demand and market delays, the result of which demonstrated the importance of maintaining supply chain flexibility by minimizing initial cost and lead time.
Dual-Polarized Armband Embroidered Textile Antenna for On-/Off-Body Wearable Applications (2019)

In this paper, a dual-polarized armband textile antenna based on an embroidery technique is proposed for wearable applications. The antenna consists of four series-fed patch antennas wrapped around a cylindrical surface. Different from traditional wearable antennas, a quasi-omnidirectional radiation pattern is achieved by exciting the four radiators with uniform amplitude and phase. The other important contribution of this work is that dual orthogonal polarizations are realized in the design, which can significantly improve the link reliability due to antenna deformation and body movement. Moreover, owing to the high front-to-back ratio (FBR) of patch antenna elements, the antenna exhibits a low Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), which is highly desirable for wearable applications. A prototype of the armband antenna was fabricated and tested, confirming the numerical predictions.
cis-Dichlorido(1,3-dimesitylimidazolidin-2-ylidene)(2-formylbenzylidene-κ2C,O)ruthenium diethyl ether solvate (2010)

The title compound, [RuCl(2)(C(8)H(6)O)(C(21)H(26)N(2))]·C(4)H(10)O, contains a catalytically active ruthenium carbene complex of the 'second-generation Grubbs/Hoveyda' type with Ru in a square-pyramidal coordination, the apex of which is formed by the benzyl-idene carbene atom with Ru=C 1.827 (2) Å. The complex shows the uncommon cis, rather than the usual trans, arrangement of the two chloride ligands, with Ru-Cl bond lengths of 2.3548 (6) and 2.3600 (6) Å, and a Cl-Ru-Cl angle of 89.76 (2)°. This cis configuration is desirable for certain applications of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of strained cyclic olefins. The crystalline solid is a diethyl ether solvate, which is built up from a porous framework of Ru complexes held together by π-π stacking and C-H⋯Cl and C-H⋯O inter-actions. The disordered diethyl ether solvent mol-ecules are contained in two independent infinite channels, which extend parallel to the c axis at x,y = 0,0 and x,y = , and have solvent-accessible void volumes of 695 and 464 Å(3) per unit cell.
Living-Donor Liver Transplantation Associated With Higher Incidence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence Than Deceased-Donor Liver Transplantation (2013)

In conclusion, LDLT showed poorer outcome than DDLT. This should be considered to select optimal strategy for HCC.
Fraud and Misconduct in Clinical Research (1989)

This article is from a speech by Dr. Fordtran to the Baylor Research Foundation on February 28, 1989. Dr. Fordtran has served on the Baylor Research Foundation Board of Directors since its inception in 1984.
Utilization of 4D-CT and contrast enhanced expiration breath-hold CT for 3D treatment planning of lung tumors (2010)

International audience
Molecular cloning and characterization of a murine pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor/stromal cell-derived factor 1 receptor, a murine homolog of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 entry coreceptor fusin (1996)

Pre-B-cell growth-stimulating factor/ stromal cell-derived factor 1 (PBSF/SDF-1) is a member of the CXC group of chemokines that is initially identified as a bone marrow stromal cell-derived factor and as a pre-B-cell stimulatory factor. Although most chemokines are thought to be inducible inflammatory mediators, PBSF/SDF-1 is essential for perinatal viability,. B lymphopoiesis, bone marrow myelopoiesis, and cardiac ventricular septal formation, and it has chemotactic activities on resting lymphocytes and monocytes. In this paper, we have isolated a cDNA that encodes a seven transmembrane-spanning-domain receptor, designated pre-B-cell-derived chemokine receptor (PB-CKR) from a murine pre-B-cell clone, DW34. The deduced amino acid sequence has 90% identity with that of a HUMSTSR/fusin, a human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) entry coreceptor. However, the second extracellular region has lower identity (67%) compared with HUMSTSR/fusin. PB-CKR is expressed during embryo genesis and in many organs and T cells of adult mice. Murine PBSF/SDF-1 induced an increase in intracellular free Ca2+ in DW34 cells and PB-CKR-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, suggesting that PB-CKR is a functional receptor for murine PBSF/SDF-1. Murine PBSF/ SDF-1 also induced Ca2+ influx in fusin-transfected CHO cells. On the other hand, considering previous results that HIV-1 does not enter murine T cells that expressed human CD4, PB-CKR may not support HIV-1 infection. Thus, PB-CKR will be an important tool for functional mapping of HIV-1 entry coreceptor fusin and for understanding the function of PBSF/SDF-1 further.
TUSK: Task-Agnostic Unsupervised Keypoints (2022)

Existing unsupervised methods for keypoint learning rely heavily on the assumption that a specific keypoint type (e.g. elbow, digit, abstract geometric shape) appears only once in an image. This greatly limits their applicability, as each instance must be isolated before applying the method-an issue that is never discussed or evaluated. We thus propose a novel method to learn Task-agnostic, UnSupervised Keypoints (TUSK) which can deal with multiple instances. To achieve this, instead of the commonly-used strategy of detecting multiple heatmaps, each dedicated to a specific keypoint type, we use a single heatmap for detection, and enable unsupervised learning of keypoint types through clustering. Specifically, we encode semantics into the keypoints by teaching them to reconstruct images from a sparse set of keypoints and their descriptors, where the descriptors are forced to form distinct clusters in feature space around learned prototypes. This makes our approach amenable to a wider range of tasks than any previous unsupervised keypoint method: we show experiments on multiple-instance detection and classification, object discovery, and landmark detection-all unsupervised-with performance on par with the state of the art, while also being able to deal with multiple instances.
Restoration of Several Morphological Characteristics of Normal Fibroblasts in Sarcoma Cells Treated with Adenosine-3′:5′-Cyclic Monophosphate and Its Derivatives (1971)

Sarcoma cells growing in tissue culture have morphological and growth characteristics different than normal fibroblasts. Several of the morphological characteristics of normal fibroblasts are regained when the cells are incubated with dibutyryl-cyclic AMP or butyryl-cyclic AMP (0.1-1 mM), or cyclic AMP (3 mM) plus theophylline (1 mM), but not with ATP, ADP, AMP, adenine, or adenosine (1-7 mM). The cell bodies become elongated; distinct narrow processes are formed. With prolonged incubation, the cells show less tendency to pile up or become polygonal. Further, L-929 and Rous sarcomatransformed hamster cells orient in parallel arrays characteristic of contact inhibition. The cells retain their altered morphology as long as the butyryl-cyclic AMP is present, but revert after its removal. Experiments with cycloheximide, puromycin, and actinomycin D indicate that protein Synthesis, but not RNA synthesis, is required for the response. Microtubular proteins may be involved. No response is observed with normal fibroblasts or with various epithelial cells. The data suggest that cyclic AMP may be an important factor in the determination of morphology of normal fibroblasts and this function may be lost or altered during transformation.
The Eigenscrew Decomposition of Spatial (2000)

In this paper, the structure of spatial stiffness is inves- tigated by evaluating the stiffness matrix primitives—the rank-1 matrices that compose a spatial stiffness matrix. Although the decomposition of a rank-2 or higher stiffness ma- trix into the sum of rank-1 matrices is not unique, one property of the set of matrices is conserved. This property, defined as the stiffness-coupling index, identifies how the translational and rota- tional components of the stiffness are related. Here, we investigate the stiffness-coupling index of the rank-1 matrices that compose a spatial stiffness matrix. We develop a matrix decomposition that yields a set of rank-1 stiffness matrices that identifies the bounds on the stiffness-coupling index for any decomposition. This decompo- sition, referred to as the eigenscrew decomposition, is shown to be invariant in coordinate transformation. With this decomposition, we provide some physical insight into the behavior associated with a general spatial stiffness matrix.
Calibration of a Nondestructive Toughness Tester (NDTT) for Measuring Fracture Toughness of Pipeline Steel (2018)

In-ditch/in-service characterization of pipelines using nondestructive evaluation (NDE) can provide valuable data for confirming operating pressure and qualifying pipelines for transporting natural gas of different quality or gas mixture, as well as for determining repair criteria for integrity management programs. This is especially relevant for vintage pipelines that may not have material test reports (MTR) available, and for aging infrastructure that have been subjected to suspected or unknown integrity threats. However, measurement of material fracture toughness currently requires the removal of large samples for laboratory testing, such as compact tension (CT) fracture testing or Charpy impact testing. The present work introduces a new concept, the Nondestructive Toughness Tester (NDTT), that provides a NDE solution for measuring the fracture toughness of pipeline steel in a superficial layer of material (∼0.005 inches). The NDTT uses a specially designed wedge-shaped stylus to generate a Mode I tensile loading that results in a ductile fracture response. NDTT tests are performed in multiple orientations on 8 different pipeline steel samples covering 3 different grades to compare the NDTT material response with the fracture toughness measurements from laboratory CT specimens. Analysis of these results indicate that the height of a fractured ligament that remains on the sample surface after NDTT testing exhibits a linear relationship with traditional CT J-integral measurements normalized by its yield strength. This type of behavior is analogous to the crack-tip-opening-displacement (CTOD) calculated through elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. Tests conducted on the pipe outer diameter and in the longitudinal direction near the pipe mid-wall indicate that the NDTT can measure differences in fracture toughness for different crack orientations. Furthermore, the results show that outer diameter tests provide a conservative estimate of the overall steel fracture toughness. These observations indicate that the NDTT is a viable method for assessing toughness properties of steel materials. Additional research is required to further refine the implementation of the NDTT concept and understand the relationship with laboratory test results on pipe cutouts, but the progress is already a significant step towards obtaining additional material toughness data for integrity management.
In Situ Measurement of the Surface Lithiation of Metal Oxide Thin Films at Elevated Potentials (2016)

The capacity of most battery insertion reactions is limited by the number of open lithium sites in electrode’s crystal structure, usually reaching one per metal atom. Conversion reactions, where the metal oxygen bond is broken to form clusters of Li 2 O and metal particles, can achieve far higher lithium stoichiometry. However, this process is much less reversible than intercalation and occurs at significantly lower potentials than theoretically expected, which has limited their commercial appeal. To pinpoint the underlying connection between structural changes and the observed overpotentials for lithiation, we have studied conversion reactions in MO x (M = Ni, Fe, and Cr) thin films using the sub-nm interfacial sensitivity of in situ x-ray reflectivity. These studies show that conversion begins at elevated potentials (near 2 V) at the surface before propagating into the bulk. Heterostructures incorporating metal interlayers can also help define the direction and extent of the phase separation. We will discuss the possible origins of this effect and strategies to improve the kinetics and scalability of these model electrodes. This work was supported as part of the Center for Electrochemical Energy Science, an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science. Figure 1
Novel semiconductors based on functionalized benzo[ d,d' ]thieno[3,2- b ;4,5- b' ]dithiophenes (BTDTs) and the effects of thin film growth conditions on organic field effect transistor performance (2010)

A series of benzo[d,d]thieno[3,2-b;4,5-b]dithiophene (BTDT) derivatives, end-functionalized with phenyl (PBTDT), benzothiophenyl (BT-BTDT) were synthesized and characterized. A facile, one-pot synthesis of BTDT was developed which enables the efficient realization of a new BTDT-based semiconductor series for organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). The crystal structure of P-BTDT was determined via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Various combinations of surface treatment methods, substrate temperature, and deposition flux rate sequences have significant effects on device performance. Films deposited on octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS)- treated SiO<sub>2</sub> substrates under properly adjusted substrate temperature and deposition flux rate achieve an efficaceous compromise between high film crystallinity and good film grain interconnectivity, resulting in good OTFT performance, with mobility greater than 0.70 cm<sup>2</sup>V<sup>-1</sup>s<sup>-1</sup> and I<sub>on</sub>/I<sub>off</sub> greater than 10<sup>8</sup>.
Reading in Deaf Individuals (2022)

Learning to read typically involves acquiring skills in print-to-sound decoding and text comprehension. These two processes are, however, so intertwined that their respective contributions to the cortical organization mediating reading are difficult to untangle. Here we first review dominant theories on the neural underpinnings of reading in typical hearing individuals, with a focus on the visual word form area (VWFA). We then discuss possible implications for individuals who have achieved literacy in the absence of auditory input, and possibly little-to-no use of spoken language. Which factors are likely to contribute to successful reading in this case? We then present a study that capitalizes on deaf and hearing populations with matched literacy skills to characterize the impact of print-to-sound knowledge versus reading comprehension on the functional organization of the occipito-temporal cortex, and in particular the VWFA. We present a critical review of how this work both aligns and departs from existing work, highlighting the many routes to changing brains so elegantly pioneered by Helen Neville.
Thermal Tranesterification of Bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl Units in (Poly(ethyl terephthalate) and Poly(butylene terephthalate):  A Route to Thermoset Polyesters (1998)

Copolymerization of 5,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxane with dimethyl terephthalate and either ethylene glycol or 1,4-butanediol affords polyesters with pendant ketals. Acid-promoted debenzalation provides 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diyl structural units. Thermal transesterification to afford rigid, adhesive thermosets is controlled by the composition of the copolymer and curing conditions (temperature and time).
(Invited) Ultrabroadband Photoconduction Response of Sub-gap Defects in Amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O Thin Film Transistors (2020)

Amorphous oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs) have provided a new route to transparent, low power consumption, large-area display technology. The properties of these thin films are crucially dependent on material composition and process variations which give rise to sub-gap defect states that may act as dopants and can be used to tune the electronic properties of devices. Because these devices are sensitive to small changes in processing, there is a need for a high-throughput, reliable method for extracting sub-gap defect concentrations of amorphous oxides. We present a method, ultrabroadband photoconduction microscopy (UBPC), to extract the density of states of defects throughout the sub-gap of amorphous In-Ga-Zn-O ( a- IGZO) TFTs from 0.3 - 3.5 eV. By utilizing continuously tunable, focused laser excitation, we maintain high signal-to-noise over ~5 orders of magnitude of photoconduction, while removing transfer curve drift effects by subtracting dark current in real time via lock-in amplification.
164. Gonadal Expression of Foxo1, but Not Foxo3, Is Conserved in Diverse Mammalian Species. (2012)

The Foxo forkhead transcription factors are key effectors of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and regulate diverse physiologic processes. Two of these factors, Foxo1 and Foxo3, serve specific roles in reproduction in the mouse. Intriguingly, the functional requirement for each factor (revealed by analyses of knockout mice) mirrors the remarkably specific expression of the protein in a cell-autonomous manner. For example, Foxo3 is required for the maintenance of primordial oocytes in a quiescent state, and Foxo3 protein is highly expressed in primordial oocytes but not in other ovarian cell types. More recently, our laboratory demonstrated a specific role for Foxo1 in male fertility and the maintenance of spermatogonial stem cells in the mouse, and Foxo1 is highly expressed in spermatogonial stem cells but not in other testicular cell types. In the mouse ovary, Foxo1 is highly expressed in granulosa cells but not in oocytes or other cell types, suggesting an important functional role for Foxo1 in granulosa cells. Given that invertebrate model species such as C. elegans and D. melanogaster harbor a single ancestral Foxo homolog, these observations suggest that Foxo gene duplication conferred an evolutionary advantage by permitting the Foxos to adopt distinct but controlling roles in oogenesis and spermatogenesis. This study's objective is to determine if the remarkably specific expression patterns of Foxo1 and Foxo3 in mouse gonads (and by inference, Foxo function) are conserved in diverse mammalian species, including humans. The conservation of Foxo function in mammals would have significant implications for our understanding of reproduction and the causes of infertility in these diverse species. Western blotting was used to validate isoform-specific antibodies in mammalian species including rodents, companion animals, farm animals, non-human primates, and humans. Following validation of each antibody, immunohistochemical analysis was performed to ascertain Foxo1 and Foxo3 gonadal expression patterns. In the testis, Foxo1 expression was confined to a rare subpopulation of germ cells along the seminiferous tubule basement membrane in all species studied. In the ovary, Foxo1 expression was readily detected in the granulosa cells of developing follicles in all species. Foxo3 was highly expressed in primordial oocytes but absent by the secondary follicle stage in all rodent species. Interestingly, Foxo3 oocyte expression was not consistently conserved in non-rodent species. In some species, Foxo1 was expressed in primordial oocytes, but absent by the secondary follicle stage. In conclusion, while Foxo1 expression in spermatogonial stem cells and granulosa cells was conserved in all mammalian species evaluated, Foxo3 expression in oocytes was more variable. Our findings suggest that Foxo3 may not be uniquely required for primordial follicle maintenance in non-rodent species, and that other Foxos, particularly Foxo1, may contribute to oocyte maintenance in a functionally-redundant manner.