gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable Superhydrophobic and Optical Properties of Colloidal Films Coated with Block‐Copolymer‐Micelles/Micelle‐Multilayers (2007)

Superhydrophobic surfaces are prepared based on silica colloids coated with multiple layers of block copolymer micelles (see figure). The hierarchical surface roughness can be tuned by adjusting the pH and molecular weight of the polymer segments. Optical functionality is imparted to the films by the inclusion of quantum dots or organic dyes in the hydrophobic cores, as depicted in the figure. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c1362_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented Oxidation of a Phenylglycinol‐Derived 2‐Pyridone: Enantioselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxypiperidines. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A DNA Methylation Signature of Addiction in T Cells and Its Reversal With DHEA Intervention (2018)

Previous studies in animal models of cocaine craving have delineated broad changes in DNA methylation profiles in the nucleus accumbens. A crucial factor for progress in behavioral and mental health epigenetics is the discovery of epigenetic markers in peripheral tissues. Several studies in primates and humans have associated differences in behavioral phenotypes with changes in DNA methylation in T cells and brain. Herein, we present a pilot study (<i>n</i> = 27) showing that the T cell DNA methylation profile differentiates persons with a substance use disorder from controls. Intervention with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), previously shown to have a long-term therapeutic effect on human addicts herein resulted in reversal of DNA methylation changes in genes related to pathways associated with the addictive state.
Power-efficient beam tracking during connected mode DRX in mmWave and sub-THz systems (2020)

Discontinuous reception (DRX), wherein a user equipment (UE) temporarily disables its receiver, is a critical power saving feature in modern cellular systems. DRX is likely to be aggressively used at mmWave and sub-THz frequencies due to the high front-end power consumption. A key challenge for DRX at these frequencies is blockage-induced link outages: A UE will likely need to track many directional links to ensure reliable multi-connectivity, thereby increasing the power consumption. In this paper, we explore reinforcement learning-based link tracking policies in connected mode DRX that reduce power consumption by tracking only a fraction of the available links, but without adversely affecting the outage and throughput performance. Through detailed, system level simulations at 28 GHz (5G) and 140 GHz (6G), we observe that even sub-optimal link tracking policies can achieve considerable power savings with relatively little degradation in outage and throughput performance, especially with digital beamforming at the UE. In particular, we show that it is feasible to reduce power consumption by 75% and still achieve up to 95% (80%) of the maximum throughput using digital beamforming at 28 GHz (140 GHz), subject to an outage probability of at most 1%.
Immunotoxin resistance via reversible methylation of the DPH4 promoter is a unique survival strategy (2012)

HA22 is a recombinant immunotoxin composed of an anti-CD22 Fv fused to a portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. HA22 produced a high rate of complete remissions in drug-resistant hairy cell leukemia and has a lower response rate in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To understand why patients with ALL have poorer responses, we isolated an ALL cell line that is resistant to killing by HA22. The resistance is unstable; without HA22 the cells revert to HA22 sensitivity in 4 mo. We showed that in the resistant cell line, HA22 is unable to ADP ribosylate and inactivate elongation factor-2 (EF2), owing to a low level of DPH4 mRNA and protein, which prevents diphthamide biosynthesis and renders EF2 refractory to HA22. Analysis of the promoter region of the DPH4 gene shows that the CpG island was hypomethylated in the HA22-sensitive cells, heavily methylated in the resistant cells, and reverted to low methylation in the revertant cells. Our data show that immunotoxin resistance is associated with reversible CpG island methylation and silencing of DPH4 gene transcription. Incubation of sensitive cells with the methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine prevented the emergence of resistant cells, suggesting that this agent in combination with HA22 may be useful in the treatment of some cases of ALL.
Inflammatory Aspects of Alzheimer Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders (2008)

Alzheimer and a number of other neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by the presence of reactive microglia and reactive astrocytes in association with the lesions. The classic view that microglia exist primarily in either a resting or activated state needs to be broadened in view of recent results. Resting microglia are in constant activity sampling their surround. Activated microglia may be pro-inflammatory, releasing inflammatory cytokines and other inflammatory mediators, or anti-inflammatory, promoting the healing process. There is evidence that microglial phagocytosis is more powerful in the anti-inflammatory state. Activated astrocytes also have pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory properties. In the pro-inflammatory state they release inflammatory cytokines. In the anti-inflammatory state they release various growth factors. In AD and other neurodegenerative diseases, both microglia and astrocytes are in a pro-inflammatory state. From a therapeutic point of view it is desirable to find methods of tipping the balance towards an anti-inflammatory state for both types of glia.
Mechanism of the Reaction of Human Manganese Superoxide Dismutase with Peroxynitrite: Nitration of Critical Tyrosine 34 (2016)

Human Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes superoxide radical (O2(•-)). O2(•-) reacts at diffusional rates with nitric oxide to yield a potent nitrating species, peroxynitrite anion (ONOO(-)). MnSOD is nitrated and inactivated in vivo, with active site Tyr34 as the key oxidatively modified residue. We previously reported a k of ∼1.0 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) for the reaction of hMnSOD with ONOO(-) by direct stopped-flow spectroscopy and the critical role of Mn in the nitration process. In this study, we further established the mechanism of the reaction of hMnSOD with ONOO(-), including the necessary re-examination of the second-order rate constant by an independent method and the delineation of the microscopic steps that lead to the regio-specific nitration of Tyr34. The redetermination of k was performed by competition kinetics utilizing coumarin boronic acid, which reacts with ONOO(-) at a rate of ∼1 × 10(6) M(-1) s(-1) to yield the fluorescence product, 7-hydroxycoumarin. Time-resolved fluorescence studies in the presence of increasing concentrations of hMnSOD provided a k of ∼1.0 × 10(5) M(-1) s(-1), fully consistent with the direct method. Proteomic analysis indicated that ONOO(-), but not other nitrating agents, mediates the selective modification of active site Tyr34. Hybrid quantum-classical (quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics) simulations supported a series of steps that involve the initial reaction of ONOO(-) with Mn(III) to yield Mn(IV) and intermediates that ultimately culminate in 3-nitroTyr34. The data reported herein provide a kinetic and mechanistic basis for rationalizing how MnSOD constitutes an intramitochondrial target for ONOO(-) and the microscopic events, with atomic level resolution, that lead to selective and efficient nitration of critical Tyr34.
Adaptive Receive Processing of Spatially Modulated Physical Radar Emissions (2015)

Inspired by the fixational movements of the human eye, fast-time spatial modulation was recently demonstrated as a particular physically realizable form of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar emission. The attendant coupling of the delay and angle dimensions has been shown to provide a modest improvement in spatial separation, even when using non-adaptive pulse compression and beamforming. Here this continuous emission paradigm is appropriately discretized and a joint delay-angle adaptive filtering strategy is developed that exploits the physical waveform-diverse emission structure to realize significant enhancement in target separability.
Phosphate Ethylation Interference Assay: Figure 1. (2007)

INTRODUCTIONIn the ethylation interference assay, ethyl nitrosourea is used to ethylate phosphates within (32)P-end-labeled DNA molecules that contain a protein recognition site; the reaction is optimized to yield approximately one ethyl group per DNA molecule. The DNA is then incubated with barely saturating concentrations of a DNA-binding protein, but the ethylated phosphates interfere with proteins coming into close proximity to the minor groove or phosphate backbone of the binding site on the DNA molecule. Because ethylation makes the DNA susceptible to piperidine-induced cleavage, the protein recognition site can be identified by analyzing the cleavage products (from modified DNA molecules with bound protein versus modified DNA molecules without bound protein) on a polyacrylamide/urea gel alongside a sequencing ladder. Two points are critical for success with this assay. First, only about 10% of the molecules should be ethylated, which avoids having a significant number of molecules with multiple ethylations. This can be determined by modifying the DNA until ~10% of the starting probe is converted to a ladder of bands. It is critical that each DNA molecule be modified only once, so that it is clear that the modification being detected--the one nearest to the (32)P-labeled end--is the one responsible for interference. Second, only barely saturating amounts of protein should be bound to the DNA. Barely saturated amounts are used because although the ethylation decreases binding, it does not always abolish it. High concentrations of protein may overcome the deleterious effect of the modification.
AlGaN/GaN lateral field-effect rectifier with intrinsic forward current limiting capability (2010)

An AlGaN/GaN lateral field-effect rectifier with intrinsic ON-state current limiting capability is demonstrated by adding a Schottky contact metal (length of LD) beyond the ohmic contact region at the cathode electrode. The onset of the current limiting function is self-activated when the voltage drop across the two-dimensional gas (2DEG) channel under the Schottky contact reaches the pinch-off voltage of the as-grown AlGaN/GaN heterojunction. With LD=2 µm and a drift region length of 7 µm, the proposed lateral rectifier exhibited an ON-state current that was self-limited at 1.56 kA/cm2, while achieving a reverse breakdown voltage of 347 V at a 1mA/mm leakage current.
Measurement of absolute photoluminescence quantum yields using integrating spheres – Which way to go? (2012)

Abstract Two common methods for recording absolute photoluminescence quantum yields using integrating spheres are discussed. These methods are developed from a theoretical standpoint, with a discussion of the assumptions made in each and their principle differences, and practical comparisons between the two are made using a range of different materials and sample types. It is shown that despite the underlying theoretical differences both methods ultimately yield very similar experimental results. Additionally, the concept of a time‐dependent quantum yield is examined and preliminary studies along these lines are presented in the form of an investigation into the photo‐oxidation of a luminescent polymer film.
The genetics of blood pressure regulation and its target organs from association studies in 342,415 individuals (2020)

To dissect the genetic architecture of blood pressure and assess effects on target-organ damage, we analyzed 128,272 SNPs from targeted and genome-wide arrays in 201,529 individuals of European ancestry and genotypes from an additional 140,886 individuals were used for validation. We identified 66 blood pressure loci, of which 17 were novel and 15 harbored multiple distinct association signals. The 66 index SNPs were enriched for cis-regulatory elements, particularly in vascular endothelial cells, consistent with a primary role in blood pressure control through modulation of vascular tone across multiple tissues. The 66 index SNPs combined in a risk score showed comparable effects in 64,421 individuals of non-European descent. The 66-SNP blood pressure risk score was significantly associated with target-organ damage in multiple tissues, with minor effects in the kidney. Our findings expand current knowledge of blood pressure pathways and highlight tissues beyond the classic renal system in blood pressure regulation.
Suppression of Detrusor-Sphincter Dyssynergia by Herpes Simplex Virus Vector Mediated Gene Delivery of Glutamic Acid Decarboxylase in Spinal Cord Injured Rats (2010)

Herpes simplex virus based glutamic acid decarboxylase gene transfer to bladder afferent pathway may represent a novel approach to detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia in cases of spinal cord injury.
Extranuclear DNA accumulates in aged cells and contributes to senescence and inflammation (2019)

Systemic inflammation is central to aging-related conditions. However, the intrinsic factors that induce inflammation are not well understood. We previously identified a cell-autonomous pathway through which damaged nuclear DNA is trafficked to the cytosol where it activates innate cytosolic DNA sensors that trigger inflammation. These results led us to hypothesize that DNA released after cumulative damage contributes to persistent inflammation in aging cells through a similar mechanism. Consistent with this notion, we found that older cells harbored higher levels of extranuclear DNA compared to younger cells. Extranuclear DNA was exported by a leptomycin B-sensitive process, degraded through the autophagosome-lysosomal pathway and triggered innate immune responses through the DNA-sensing cGAS-STING pathway. Patient cells from the aging diseases ataxia and progeria also displayed extranuclear DNA accumulation, increased pIRF3 and pTBK1, and STING-dependent p16 expression. Removing extranuclear DNA in old cells using DNASE2A reduced innate immune responses and senescence-associated (SA) β-gal enzyme activity. Cells and tissues of Dnase2a<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup> mice with defective DNA degradation exhibited slower growth, higher activity of β-gal, or increased expression of HP-1β and p16 proteins, while Dnase2a<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup> ;Sting<sup>-</sup><sup>/</sup><sup>-</sup> cells and tissues were rescued from these phenotypes, supporting a role for extranuclear DNA in senescence. We hypothesize a direct role for excess DNA in aging-related inflammation and in replicative senescence, and propose DNA degradation as a therapeutic approach to remove intrinsic DNA and revert inflammation associated with aging.
Cell Cycle- and Apoptosis-regulatory Protein-1 Is Involved in Apoptosis Signaling by Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (2006)

CARP-1, a novel apoptosis inducer, regulates apoptosis signaling by diverse agents, including adriamycin and growth factors. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-related protein (ERRP), a pan-ErbB inhibitor, inhibits EGFR and stimulates apoptosis. Treatments of cells with ERRP or Iressa (an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) results in elevated CARP-1 levels, whereas antisense-dependent depletion of CARP-1 causes inhibition of apoptosis by ERRP. CARP-1 is a tyrosine-phosphorylated protein, and ERRP treatments cause elevated tyrosine phosphorylation of CARP-1. CARP-1 contains multiple, nonoverlapping apoptosis-inducing subdomains; one such subdomain is present within amino acids 1-198. Wild-type or CARP-1-(1-198) proteins that have substitution of tyrosine 192 to phenylalanine abrogate apoptosis by ERRP. In addition, apoptosis mediated by wild type or CARP-1-(1-198), and not CARP-1-(1-198(Y192F)), results in activation of caspase-9 and increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. However, the expression of dominant-negative forms of p38 MAPK activators MKK3 or MKK6 proteins inhibits apoptosis induced by both the full-length and truncated (amino acids 1-198) proteins. Together, data demonstrate that tyrosine 192 of CARP-1 is a target of apoptosis signaling, and CARP-1, in turn, promotes apoptosis by activating p38 MAPK and caspase-9.
Deposition of Copper on Ruthenium for Cu Metallization (2010)

The morphology and behavior of thin Cu films deposited using electroless, electrolytic, and physical vapor deposition (PVD) is studied using Ru as a substrate. Ru was deposited by both PVD and atomic layer deposition (ALD). Electrolessly deposited Cu on PVD Ru resists agglomeration with annealing, while on ALD Ru it exhibits a tendency for agglomeration when annealed. Electrolytically deposited Cu on PVD Ru also resists agglomeration if the Ru to Cu plating queue time is short; on ALD Ru, it appears agglomerated as-deposited, even for short Ru to Cu plate queue times. In contrast to electrochemically deposited Cu, PVD Cu does not agglomerate with anneal on either PVD or ALD Ru, even for long Ru-Cu queue times. Auger spectroscopy suggests that ALD Ru has more oxygen and nitrogen at the surface as compared to PVD Ru. The possible roles of these impurities in impacting the deposited Cu morphology are briefly discussed.
Semiconductor Electrodes XV. Photoelectrochemical Cells with Mixed Polycrystalline n‐Type CdS ‐ CdSe Electrodes (1978)

Solid solutions of and of different compositions were prepared by sintering pressed pellets and vacuum evaporation. The bandgap of the mixtures varied monotonically with percent composition between that of and . Studies of the photoassisted oxidation of sulfide with these electrodes with a , electrolyte showed that the flatband potentials of the mixtures were shifted toward negative potentials with respect to pure and . Solar cells using these electrodes formulated as , 0.2M S, are described. When , for a sintered pellet electrode, a power efficiency of 9% at a cell voltage of 202 mV (irradiation with 577 nm light of 1 mW/cm2 intensity) was obtained.
An Automated Synthesis–Purification–Sample-Management Platform for the Accelerated Generation of Pharmaceutical Candidates (2013)

A flexible and integrated flow-chemistry-synthesis-purification compound-generation and sample-management platform has been developed to accelerate the production of small-molecule organic-compound drug candidates in pharmaceutical research. Central to the integrated system is a Mitsubishi robot, which hands off samples throughout the process to the next station, including synthesis and purification, sample dispensing for purity and quantification analysis, dry-down, and aliquot generation.
Comparison of living polymerization mechanisms. Acrylates and carbocationic polymerization (1993)

Abstract The concept of a living polymerization is critically discussed. A system ranking various classes of “livingness” is proposed, and the importance of determining the real values of k tr /k p and k t /k p ratios is expounded. New living systems, including carbocationic polymerization and group transfer polymerization of acrylates are compared with classic ionic systems. The mechanism of propagation and the nature of the true active species are similar in both new and classic polymerizations. The role of various components which improve the “livingness” of the polymerizations is discussed and explained by dynamic equilibration between dormant and active species and suppression of side reactions.
Intrinsic and Tumor Microenvironment-Induced Metabolism Adaptations of T Cells and Impact on Their Differentiation and Function (2016)

It is well recognized that the immune system and metabolism are highly integrated. In this context, multilevel interactions between metabolic system and T lymphocyte signaling and fate exist. This review will discuss different potential cell metabolism pathways involved in shaping T lymphocyte function and differentiation. We will also provide a general framework for understanding how tumor microenvironmental metabolism, associated with hypoxic stress, interferes with T-cell priming and expansion. How T-cell metabolism drives T-cell-mediated immunity and how the manipulation of metabolic programing for therapeutic purposes will be also discussed.
Stabilization of metastable phases in spatially restricted fields: the case of the Fe2O3 polymorphs (2007)

In this work we show how the confinement of particles in a silica matrix with pores, acting as nano-vessels, plays an important role in the formation of pure E-Fe2O3 nanoparticles and their thermal stability. In particular, a HRTEM study of a series of Fe2O3-SiO2 xerogels annealed at different temperatures reveals that, at low temperatures, gamma-Fe2O3 nanoparticles are formed and only transform to F-Fe2O3 after subsequent annealing at higher temperatures. These data are complemented by measurements of the SiO2 matrix porosity as well as with calorimetric and structural analysis of the nanoparticles after matrix removal. The gathered data indicate that the SiO2 matrix acts as a barrier, hindering thermal diffusion and particle growth even at the high temperatures where the formation of epsilon-Fe2O3 appears to be favoured, thereby preventing its transformation to alpha-Fe2O3.
Ultra Precise Frequency Dissemination across Germany – Towards a 900 km Optical Fiber Link from PTB to MPQ (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Predehl, R. Holzwarth, T. Udem, T. Hänsch, O. Terra, G. Grosche, B. Lipphardt, and H. Schnatz, "Ultra Precise Frequency Dissemination across Germany – Towards a 900 km Optical Fiber Link from PTB to MPQ," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/International Quantum Electronics Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2009), paper CTuS2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Spatial coherence of a Gaussian-beam wave in weak and strong optical turbulence (1994)

A generalized Huygens–Fresnel integral, valid for optical wave propagation through random inhomogeneities in the presence of any complex optical system characterized by an ABCD ray matrix, is used to derive a general expression for the mutual coherence function (MCF) associated with a Gaussian-beam wave in the weak-fluctuation regime. The mean irradiance obtained from this expression shows excellent agreement with all known asymptotic relations. By introducing a pair of effective beam parameters Θt and Λt that account for additional diffraction on the receiving aperture, resulting from turbulence, the normalized MCF and the related degree of coherence are formally extended into the regime of strong fluctuations. Results for the normalized MCF from this heuristic approach compare well with numerical calculations obtained directly from the formal solution of the parabolic equation. Also, the implied spatial coherence length from this analysis in moderate-to-strong-fluctuation regimes generally agrees more closely with numerical solutions of the parabolic equation than do previous approximate solutions. All calculations are based on the modified von Kármán spectrum for direct comparison with established results.