gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observation ofπ+π−π+π−photoproduction in ultraperipheral heavy-ion collisions atsNN=200GeV at the STAR detector (2010)

We present a measurement of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ photonuclear production in ultraperipheral $\mathrm{Au}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Au}$ collisions at $\sqrt{{s}_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV from the STAR experiment. The ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ final states are observed at low transverse momentum and are accompanied by mutual nuclear excitation of the beam particles. The strong enhancement of the production cross section at low transverse momentum is consistent with coherent photoproduction. The ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ invariant mass spectrum of the coherent events exhibits a broad peak around $1540\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}40$ $\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$ with a width of $570\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}60$ $\mathrm{MeV}/{c}^{2}$, in agreement with the photoproduction data for the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}(1700)$. We do not observe a corresponding peak in the ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ final state and measure an upper limit for the ratio of the branching fractions of the ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}(1700)$ to ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ of $2.5%$ at $90%$ confidence level. The ratio of ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}(1700)$ and ${\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}(770)$ coherent production cross sections is measured to be $13.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{0.8}_{\mathrm{stat}.}\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}{4.4}_{\mathrm{syst}.}%$.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Etching of Ion Implanted Amorphous Silicon Carbide. (1986)

Abstract Amorphous SiC reacts completely and readily in a HF:HNO3 (l :l) solution at ä 318 K, while crystalline SiC does not react.
Optimal Symbol-by-Symbol Costa Precoding for a Relay-Aided Downlink Channel (2011)

In this article, we consider practical approaches to Costa precoding (also known as dirty paper coding). Specifically, we propose a symbol-by-symbol scheme for cancellation of interference known at the transmitter in a relay-aided downlink channel. For finite-alphabet signaling and interference, we derive the optimal (in terms of maximum mutual information) modulator under a given power constraint. A sub-optimal modulator is also proposed by formulating an optimization problem that maximizes the minimum distance of the signal constellation, and this non-convex optimization problem is approximately solved by semi-definite relaxation. For the case of binary signaling with binary interference, we obtain a closed-form solution for the sub-optimal modulator, which only suffers little performance degradation compared to the optimal modulator in the region of interest. For more general signal constellations and more general interference distributions, we propose an optimized Tomlinson-Harashima precoder (THP), which uniformly outperforms conventional THP with heuristic parameters. Bit-level simulation shows that the optimal and sub-optimal modulators can achieve significant gains over the THP benchmark as well as over non-Costa reference schemes, especially when the power of the interference is larger than the power of the noise.
Developing retinal biomarkers for the earliest stages of Alzheimer's disease: What we know, what we don't, and how to move forward (2020)

The last decade has seen a substantial increase in research focused on the identification, development, and validation of diagnostic and prognostic retinal biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Sensitive retinal biomarkers may be advantageous because they are cost and time efficient, non-invasive, and present a minimal degree of patient risk and a high degree of accessibility. Much of the work in this area thus far has focused on distinguishing between symptomatic AD and/or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and cognitively normal older adults. Minimal work has been done on the detection of preclinical AD, the earliest stage of AD pathogenesis characterized by the accumulation of cerebral amyloid absent clinical symptoms of MCI or dementia. The following review examines retinal structural changes, proteinopathies, and vascular alterations that have been proposed as potential AD biomarkers, with a focus on studies examining the earliest stages of disease pathogenesis. In addition, we present recommendations for future research to move beyond the discovery phase and toward validation of AD risk biomarkers that could potentially be used as a first step in a multistep screening process for AD risk detection.
Head Impact Exposure in Youth Soccer: Comparing across Activity Types (2023)

Soccer is a popular youth sport in the United States, but the effect of repetitive head impacts experienced during training on neurocognitive outcomes is not well understood. Modifying practice structure may be an avenue for reducing head impact exposure and concussion risk in soccer, but research has yet to characterize head impact exposure across common soccer activities. The objective of this study was to compare head impact exposure across common training activities in soccer. Eight female soccer players practicing on an age 15 and under (U15) club team participated in this study for two soccer seasons. Players wore an instrumented mouthpiece sensor during all practice and game sessions. Research personnel recorded duration of all activities performed by each player to characterize player-specific exposure time. Film review was performed to identify head contact events during each session and classify events according to the activity and drill the player was performing. Head impact exposure for each athlete was quantified in terms of peak kinematics and impact rate. Mixed effects models were used to compare peak kinematics and generalized linear models were used to compare impact rates across drills and activity type. Drill and activity type were associated with peak kinematics and impact rate. Technical training activities accounted for the second-highest exposure time and were associated with higher impact rates and lower mean kinematics than other activity types. Team interaction activities and game play were associated with the highest rotational kinematics but the lowest impact rates. Head impact exposure in female youth soccer is influenced by the type of activity in which the athlete is engaged. Interventions designed to reduce head impact frequency in female youth soccer can benefit from targeting technical training activities; whereas, interventions designed to reduce head impact magnitude should target team interaction and game activities.
Glycidyl‐terminated polyurethane modified epoxy resins: Mechanical properties, adhesion properties, and morphology (1994)

Abstract Glycidol was used to convert the isocyanate‐terminated polyurethane prepolymer to glycidyl‐terminated polyurethane prepolymer. The modified polyurethane not only offers some distinct advantages over the commercial polyurethane prepolymer, but also enhances the properties of the epoxy resins. The glycidyl‐terminated polyurethane modified epoxy resin proved to be superior to conventional epoxy resins in improving impact strength, fracture energy, and adhesion properties. The compatibility of the compounds in this glycidyl‐terminated PU/epoxy system was investigated using different preparation procedures. It was found that the synthesized glycidyl‐terminated polyurethane prereacted with curing agents, exhibited a lesser degree of phase separation, and can influence the mechanical properties of polymer blends. The results coincide with the phenomena observed in dynamic mechanical analysis and scanning election microscopy. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Stabilization of Inverse Miniemulsions by Silyl-Protected Homopolymers (2016)

Inverse (water-in-oil) miniemulsions are an important method to encapsulate hydrophilic payloads such as oligonucleotides or peptides. However, the stabilization of inverse miniemulsions usually requires block copolymers that are difficult to synthesize and/or cannot be easily removed after transfer from a hydrophobic continuous phase to an aqueous continuous phase. We describe here a new strategy for the synthesis of a surfactant for inverse miniemulsions by radical addition⁻fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, which consists in a homopolymer with triisopropylsilyl protecting groups. The protecting groups ensure the efficient stabilization of the inverse (water-in-oil, w/o) miniemulsions. Nanocapsules can be formed and the protecting group can be subsequently cleaved for the re-dispersion of nanocapsules in an aqueous medium with a minimal amount of additional surfactant.
Role for Gr-1+Cells in the Control of High-Dose Mycobacterium bovis Recombinant BCG (2014)

Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an attractive target for development as a live vaccine vector delivering transgenic antigens from HIV and other pathogens. Most studies aimed at defining the clearance of BCG have been performed at doses between 10(2) and 10(4) CFU. Interestingly, however, recombinant BCG (rBCG) administered at doses of >10(6) CFU effectively generates antigen-specific T-cell responses and primes for heterologous boost responses. Thus, defining clearance at high doses might aid in the optimization of rBCG as a vector. In this study, we used bioluminescence imaging to examine the kinetics of rBCG transgene expression and clearance in mice immunized with 5 × 10(7) CFU rBCG expressing luciferase. Similar to studies using low-dose rBCG, our results demonstrate that the adaptive immune response is necessary for long-term control of rBCG beginning 9 days after immunizing mice. However, in contrast to these reports, we observed that the majority of mycobacterial antigen was eliminated prior to day 9. By examining knockout and antibody-mediated depletion mouse models, we demonstrate that the rapid clearance of rBCG occurs in the first 24 h and is mediated by Gr-1(+) cells. As Gr-1(+) granulocytes have been described as having no impact on BCG clearance at low doses, our results reveal an unappreciated role for Gr-1(+) neutrophils and inflammatory monocytes in the clearance of high-dose rBCG. This work demonstrates the potential of applying bioluminescence imaging to rBCG in order to gain an understanding of the immune response and increase the efficacy of rBCG as a vaccine vector.
An enzymatic toolkit for selective proteolysis, detection, and visualization of mucin-domain glycoproteins (2020)

Densely O-glycosylated mucin domains are found in a broad range of cell surface and secreted proteins, where they play key physiological roles. In addition, alterations in mucin expression and glycosylation are common in a variety of human diseases, such as cancer, cystic fibrosis, and inflammatory bowel diseases. These correlations have been challenging to uncover and establish because tools that specifically probe mucin domains are lacking. Here, we present a panel of bacterial proteases that cleave mucin domains via distinct peptide- and glycan-based motifs, generating a diverse enzymatic toolkit for mucin-selective proteolysis. By mutating catalytic residues of two such enzymes, we engineered mucin-selective binding agents with retained glycoform preferences. StcE<sup>E447D</sup> is a pan-mucin stain derived from enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> that is tolerant to a wide range of glycoforms. BT4244<sup>E575A</sup> derived from <i>Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron</i> is selective for truncated, asialylated core 1 structures commonly associated with malignant and premalignant tissues. We demonstrated that these catalytically inactive point mutants enable robust detection and visualization of mucin-domain glycoproteins by flow cytometry, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Application of our enzymatic toolkit to ascites fluid and tissue slices from patients with ovarian cancer facilitated characterization of patients based on differences in mucin cleavage and expression patterns.
Kinetics of silicon-germanium deposition by atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition (1991)

The deposition of Si1−xGex alloy layers in an atmospheric-pressure, chemical vapor deposition reactor has been studied by separately examining the silicon and the germanium components of the deposition rate. The overall deposition rate increases approximately linearly with GeH4 partial pressure, but is relatively independent of SiH2Cl2 partial pressure. The silicon component of the deposition rate increases rapidly with increasing temperature for a constant germanium content, but the germanium component changes only slowly above about 675 °C, and is probably limited by mass transport.
Visualization of Single Multivalent Receptor–Ligand Complexes by Transmission Electron Microscopy (2000)

Mit Goldnanopartikel-Markern gelang die transmissionselektronenmikroskopische Bestimmung der Position von Rezeptoren (wie Concanavalin A) an durch Ringöffungsmetathese-Polymerisation hergestellten polyvalenten Liganden (siehe schematische Darstellung; oben: Streptavidin-gebundene Goldpartikel, Mitte: Rezeptoren, unten: Ligand). Die Zahl der angebundenen Concanavalin-A-Tetramere hängt von der Valenz des Liganden ab. Auf diesem Weg sollte die Bestimmung der Stöchiometrie derartiger Ligand-Rezeptor-Komplexe allgemein möglich werden, was von großer Bedeutung für die Aufklärung der Mechanismen ist, an denen polyvalente Liganden beteiligt sind.
CUSUM application in perceptual speech quality control (2009)

One of the important aspects of the mobile communication industry is satisfying customers' needs most economically. Indeed, customers expect good and consistent quality of service from the provider. In mobile telephony, this amounts to controlling the speech quality as ¿perceived¿ by the customers. Controlling the perceptual speech quality necessitates reliable measurement of the quality first, followed by exercising direct control of it. The end-users' quality has traditionally been monitored and controlled based on radio link measurements such as the signal interference ratio (SIR), bit error rate (BER), or frame error rate (FER). The ultimate measure of perceived speech quality is realized through subjective listening tests, but this is not practical for real-time day to day applications. In recent years, objective quality measurement algorithms have been developed to predict the subjective quality with considerable accuracy. The state of art in the International Telecommunication Union's Telecommunication Standardization sector (ITU-T) recommendation for referenced objective quality measurement method is P.862 Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) model. These algorithms have yet to be applied for end user quality control in cellular networks using statistical process control (SPC). In this paper, the application of cumulative sum (CUSUM) scheme, based on the PESQ algorithm for perceptual speech quality control is presented.
Coordination chemistry of the bicycloaminophosphorane Ph(H)P[(OCH2CH2)2N], a potential P/N ligand. Access to iron and ruthenium phosphoranides. Reversible migration of a phenyl group between iron and phosphorus: crystal and molecular structure of .eta.5-CpFe(CO)[P(OCH2CH2)2N](.eta.1-C6H5) (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCoordination chemistry of the bicycloaminophosphorane Ph(H)P[(OCH2CH2)2N], a potential P/N ligand. Access to iron and ruthenium phosphoranides. Reversible migration of a phenyl group between iron and phosphorus: crystal and molecular structure of .eta.5-CpFe(CO)[P(OCH2CH2)2N](.eta.1-C6H5)Pierre Vierling, Jean G. Riess, and Andre GrandCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 23, 4144–4152Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00243a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00243a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views116Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Complications associated with anesthesia administered for dental treatment. (2010)

This assessment sought to identify and quantify complications that occur with anesthesia administration during dental treatment of consecutive patients who received care through the University of Pittsburgh School of Dental Medicine's (UPSDM) Department of Anesthesiology. This prospective study was completed by participating anesthesia caregivers at the UPSDM as a case-by-case evaluation. A standardized form delineating possible complications was used to collect data following 286 consecutive outpatient anesthetic cases administered within the UPSDM. After statistical analysis of five types of administered anesthesia, the overall complication rate was 22.4% in 286 cases. All of the complications were considered to be mild (90.6%) or moderate (9.4%); there were no reports of severe complications. The complications encountered most frequently were airway obstruction (18 reports) and occurrence of nausea/vomiting (12 reports). ASA classification, anesthetic technique, pre-existing medical findings, and the type of dental procedure performed all were variables that were found to affect the incidence of anesthesia-related complications. The overall complication rate from anesthesia administered during dental care is similar to or less than that reported within the hospital operating system environment.
Staphylococcus simiae sp. nov. (2005)

Autoři informuji o novem druhu Staphylococcus simiae, který byl
opakovaně izolovan z rektalnich výtěrů opic celedi malpovitých
v letech 2000-2005. Izolaty pochazely ze zdravých kotulů s
výjimkou jednoho připadu, u něhož byly pozorovany průjmy,
krvaceni z konecniku a posleze exitus. Popisovany jsou
morfologicke, fyziologicke a biochemicke charakteristiky noveho
taxonu, vcetně jeho citlivosti k antimikrobnim latkam a
genetických vlastnosti. Fenotypove odliseni Staphylococcus
simiae od přibuzných druhů, předevsim Staphylococcus
piscifermentans, je možne na zakladě jeho neschopnosti
hydrolyzovat eskulin a DNA, produkovat alfa glukosidasu, dale
tvoři kyselinu z D-mannitolu a je rezistentni k polymyxinu B.
Geneticke vlastnosti vymezujici nový druh spocivaji v 72 %
odlisnosti od fylogeneticky přibuzných druhů na zakladě DNA-DNA
hybridizace, ribotypizace prokazala podobnost s ostatnimi druhy
rodu Staphylococcus nižsi než 62 %. Na zakladě fylogeneticke
analýzy založene na porovnani sekvenci genů kodujicich 16S
ribozomalni RNA je nový druh blizce přibuzný druhu
Staphylococcus aureus. Obsah G + C u typoveho kmene CCM 7213T =
LMG 22723T je 33.8 mol%.
Studying Microscopic Peer-to-Peer Communication Patterns (2007)

This paper describes first results of an ongoing research effort using real time data collected by social badges to correlate temporal changes in social interaction patterns with performance of individual actors and groups. Towards that goal we analyzed social interaction among a team of employees at a bank in Germany, and developed a set of interventions for more efficient collaboration. In particular, we were able to identify typical meeting patterns, and to distinguish between creative and high-executing knowledge work based on the interaction pattern.
Comparative in Vitro and in Vivo Studies on Long-Wavelength Photosensitizers Derived from Bacteriopurpurinimide and Bacteriochlorin p6:  Fused Imide Ring Enhances the in Vivo PDT Efficacy (2007)

In situ conversion of bacteriochlorophyll-a, present in Rhodobacter sphaeroides (Rb. sphaeroides) gave bacteriopurpurin-18 in modest yield, which in a sequence of reactions was converted into two series of bacteriochlorins: bacteriopurpurinimide and bacteriopurpurin p6 with and without a fused imide ring system, respectively. To determine the effect of overall lipophilicity in photosensitizing efficacy, these bacteriochlorins were independently reacted with HBr gas and subsequently treated with various alkyl alcohols to afford the corresponding alkyl ether derivatives as diastereomeric mixtures (the R- and S-isomers were obtained in almost equal ratios). Between the two series of bacteriochlorins, the bacteriopurpurinimides containing a fused imide ring system were found to be more effective in vivo (C3H mice bearing RIF tumors). To investigate the effect of the presence of the chiral center at position 3 of the most effective purpurinimide 9 [3(1'-heptyloxy)ethyl-3-deacetyl-bacteriopurpurin-18-N-hexylimide propyl ester], the acetyl group was replaced with a hydroxymethyl substituent and converted into 3(1'-decyloxy)methyl-3-deacetyl-purpurin-18-N-hexylimide methyl ester 26 with a similar lipophilicity. Interestingly, compared to 26, the bacteriopurpurinimide 9 was found to be more effective, suggesting that the chiral center at position 3 certainly plays an important role in photosensitizing activity. Among a series of alkyl ether analogues, between the PDT efficacy and the lipophilicity (log P and log D) calculated by computational methods (PALLAS program), a parabolic relationship was observed to some extent. However, it was limited to a particular series, e.g., compounds with similar log P values between bacteriopurpurinimides and bacteriochlorin e6 did not produce similar in vivo efficacy. As expected, within a series, a linear relationship was observed between the log P values and the HPLC retention times of the photosensitizers. Some of the mitochondrial localized photosensitizers showed a significant peripheral benzodiazepine binding (PBR) affinity. However, limited correlation between PBR binding affinity and in vivo PDT efficacy was observed. Compared to the naturally occurring bacteriochlorophyll-a, the bacteriopurpurinimides with fused imide ring system showed higher in vitro/in vivo stability. In contrast to methyl pyropheophorbide-a, the ester functionalities in bacteriopurpurinimide did not convert into the corresponding carboxylic acid by the enzyme esterases.