gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Origin of Capacity Fading upon Lithium Cycling in Li[sub 1.1]V[sub 3]O[sub 8] (2005)

Two samples prepared by two different routes were investigated: SG350, obtained by firing a sol-gel precursor at , and SS580, obtained by solid-state reaction at . The electrochemical lithium insertion behaviors were studied and revealed important differences, especially on capacity fading upon lithium cycling. This article is focused on the lithium insertion mechanism in and on its consequences on cyclability of the materials studied. This study shows that the capacity fading due to the two-phased phenomenon at could be related to an increase of the drastic change in cell lattice constants leading to local damage of the crystal structure. It seems also to depend on the morphology of the compound studied. The dissolution of small quantity of in the electrolyte may occur during the last electrochemical phenomenon at . It is also evidenced that this dissolution depends on the morphology of the compound studied. Discussions are provided on possible mechanisms for the dissolution process and on the relationships between the dissolution reaction and the capacity fading upon cycling.
The Q Exactive HF, a Benchtop Mass Spectrometer with a Pre-filter, High-performance Quadrupole and an Ultra-high-field Orbitrap Analyzer (2014)

The quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer (Q Exactive) made a powerful proteomics instrument available in a benchtop format. It significantly boosted the number of proteins analyzable per hour and has now evolved into a proteomics analysis workhorse for many laboratories. Here we describe the Q Exactive Plus and Q Exactive HF mass spectrometers, which feature several innovations in comparison to the original Q Exactive instrument. A low-resolution pre-filter has been implemented within the injection flatapole, preventing unwanted ions from entering deep into the system, and thereby increasing its robustness. A new segmented quadrupole, with higher fidelity of isolation efficiency over a wide range of isolation windows, provides an almost 2-fold improvement of transmission at narrow isolation widths. Additionally, the Q Exactive HF has a compact Orbitrap analyzer, leading to higher field strength and almost doubling the resolution at the same transient times. With its very fast isolation and fragmentation capabilities, the instrument achieves overall cycle times of 1 s for a top 15 to 20 higher energy collisional dissociation method. We demonstrate the identification of 5000 proteins in standard 90-min gradients of tryptic digests of mammalian cell lysate, an increase of over 40% for detected peptides and over 20% for detected proteins. Additionally, we tested the instrument on peptide phosphorylation enriched samples, for which an improvement of up to 60% class I sites was observed.
A new multi‐parameter flow cytometric assay for monitoring lymphoma growth and spread in a pre‐clinical murine model for human lymphoma (2004)

The MPFC assay is an independent parameter for monitoring 38C13 lymphoma kinetics and could be used to monitor tumor response to individual vaccines or other lymphoma therapy prior to clinical trials.
Assaying proline hydroxylation in recombinant collagen variants by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (2012)

A facile, derivatization-free LC-MS method was developed that accurately determines the percentage of proline hydroxylation in different yeast expression systems. Using this assay, we determined that systems with a higher collagen-to-hydroxylase gene copy ratio yielded a lower percentage of hydroxylation, suggesting that a specifically balanced gene ratio is required to obtain higher hydroxylation levels.
Determination of the protein composition of the occlusion-derived virus of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (2003)

The occlusion derived form of baculovirus is specially adapted for primary infection of the host midgut epithelium. As such, the virion must contain the proteins essential for host range determination and initiation of infection. Because knowledge of virion composition is a prerequisite for functional investigation, this study used a combination of techniques to identify the proteins present within or associated with the occlusion-derived virus (ODV) virion. Thirty-one proteins, including proteins known to be essential for viral DNA replication, were identified with confidence. An additional 13 proteins were identified by using one of the three techniques. A comparison of gene conservation among the ODV proteins encoded in the 16 sequenced baculoviridae genomes is presented. With knowledge of the composition of ODV, it is now possible to target proteins and study their role(s) during primary infection.
Synthesis of 1‐hydroxy‐3‐[3‐3H‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐piperidone. Labelling of a new antiinflammatory hydroxamic acid (1986)

Abstract Compound 1 , synthezized as a potential topical antiinflammatory agent, has been labelled with tritium on the benzene ring in a position neighboring a chlorine atom. An iodinated precursor was prepared by an original six‐step synthesis. Selective catalytic iodine‐tritium replacement was achieved under mild reaction conditions.
Commercial Detection in Heterogeneous Video Streams Using Fused Multi-Modal and Temporal Features (2006)

We provide an integrated approach for detecting commercial segments in video streams. This approach systematically fuses the "local" multi-modal characteristics of commercials in the context of their "global" temporal behavior throughout the video stream. Discriminative classifiers are employed to distinguish between commercial and program segments based on their local multi-modal features. The decisions made by different discriminators are fused using a support vector machine. The fusion results are then used as the probabilistic outcomes of a generative model describing the transitions between the commercial and program segments, with explicit models for the inter-arrival times of the commercial segments throughout the video. This approach aims to enhance upon the simple, yet effective, blank frames, which usually indicate the start of commercials. It also provides acceptable performance when such indicators do not exist in the program stream. The results of comprehensive experiments on a heterogeneous data set of 36 hours of video taken from 6 different sources are reported. Our method provides almost 92% correct detection of the commercial segments and 8% enhancement over just using the blank indicators. For the case when blank indicators do not exist, our approach results in almost 85% correct detection.
COnfigurable Network Protocol Accelerator (COPA): An Integrated Networking/Accelerator Hardware/Software Framework (2020)

Modern FPGAs are more than just “gate arrays” - they offer hardware acceleration capabilities and advanced features that include High Bandwidth Memory (HBM), Cache/Memory coherent/IO interconnect (CXL/PCIe), high speed transceivers, and embedded processors. Unfortunately, lack of a standardized hardware/software infrastructure has relegated FPGAs to being second-class citizens under the control of a host platform rather than being compute/network accelerator nodes with SmartNIC capabilities. This stands in the way of broader deployment of FPGAs in a wide variety of distributed/heterogenous platforms.Intel's COnfigurable Network Protocol Accelerator (COPA) addresses this challenge and provides a customizable framework that integrates communication with computation on an FPGA platform. The FPGA incorporates SmartNIC capabilities and functions as an “autonomous” node that attaches to the network. In this paper, we provide an overview of COPA architecture and the acceleration modes that it supports. The hardware component provides the necessary networking/accelerator infrastructure while the software component of COPA abstracts the underlying FPGA from the application or middleware. The API is based on an open standard network API (OFI) that has been extended for COPA to expose the various acceleration modes to software. Given the lack of a standard API for SmartNICs, the extended OFI can also potentially serve that purpose and efforts are underway to upstream the changes.COPA has been implemented on different variants of Stratix10 FPGAs. Multiple COPA FPGAs can autonomously connect to a standard 100GigE switching network with the ability to mix-and-match FPGA variants to this network. Both inline and lookaside accelerator functions are also supported. The framework has been validated by microbenchmarks as well as proxy benchmarks that mimic the behavior of client/server flows - and achieves bandwidths close to 100Gbps when acceleration is enabled.
NANOMECHANOBIOLOGY OF CYTOSKELETAL CHANGES IN MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS (2006)

Nanomechanobiology of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) was studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). MSCs are progenitors of connective tissue, including bone and cartilage. Cells were differentiated into bone and cartilage type cells using specific media constituents. Typical height and deflection images of a hMSC and hMSC-Ob can be seen in the figure. Force-volume mode of AFM evaluated elasticity of hMSCs, hMSC-derived osteoblasts (hMSC-Obs) and hMSC-derived chondrocytes (hMSC-Chs) before, during and after treatment with Cytochalasin D (CytD), an inhibitor of actin filament polymerization. CytD treatment resulted in morphology changes of all cell types, with a decrease in elastic modulus of hMSCs and hMSC-Chs. The effect of CytD was less pronounced in hMSC-Obs. Removal of drug from media with cytoskeleton disrupted hMSC-Chs resulted in cell’s ability to regain cytoskeletal structure, reverting to original shape. This was confirmed using fluorescence with cytoskeleton rescue by removal of CytD, washing and replacement with non-CytD media. The use of AFM to determine nanomechanical properties of cells can be used to better define differentiating stem cells changing into mechanically distinct specialized cells as well as long-term study of drug effects on cytoskeleton.Figure
Self-Seeded Growth of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) Nanofibrils by a Cycle of Cooling and Heating in Solutions (2012)

In spite of the recent successes in transistors and solar cells utilizing poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibrils, systematic analysis on the growth kinetics has not been reported due to the lack of analytical tools. This study proposed a simple spectroscopic method to obtain the crystallinity of P3HT in solutions. On the basis of the analytical approach, we found that the crystallinity hysteresis upon temperature is a simple function of the solubility parameter difference (Delta delta) between the P3HT and the solvents. When Delta delta &gt;= 0.7, a cooling (-20 degrees C)-and-heating (25 degrees C) process allowed the preparation of solutions including ID crystal seeds dispersed in the solution. Simple coating of the seeded solutions completed the growth of the seeds into long nanofibrils at the early stage of the coating and thereby achieved almost 100% crystallinity in the resulting films without any postannealing process. The existence of PCBM for bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells did not affect the nucleation and growth of the nanofibrils during the cooling-and-heating process. The solar cells prepared from the solutions with Delta delta &gt;= 0.7 had solar conversion efficiencies higher than the conventional thermally annealed cells.
A systems approach to the characterization and classification of T-cell responses (2017)

Abstract Types of T-cell responses are categorized on the basis of a limited number of molecular markers selected using a priori knowledge about T-cell immunobiology. We sought to develop a novel systems-based approach for the creation of an unbiased framework enabling assessment of antigenic-peptide specific T-cell responses in vitro . A meta-analysis of transcriptome data from PBMCs stimulated with a wide range of peptides identified patterns of gene regulation that provided an unbiased classification of types of antigen-specific responses. Further analysis yielded new insight about the molecular processes engaged following antigenic stimulation. This led for instance to the identification of transcription factors not previously studied in the context of T-cell differentiation. Taken together this profiling approach can serve as a basis for the unbiased characterization of antigen-specific responses and as a foundation for the development of novel systems-based immune profiling assays.
Ionization and high-order harmonic generation in aligned benzene by a short intense circularly polarized laser pulse (2003)

We present a first-principles study of ionization and high-order harmonic generation by benzene aligned in the polarization plane of a short circularly polarized laser pulse. Time-dependent density-functional theory within the adiabatic local-density approximation is employed to describe the 30 valence-electron dynamics in three dimensions. The multielectron approach enables us to study the effect of very strong laser fields, ${10}^{14}--{10}^{15}{\mathrm{W}\mathrm{}\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2},$ where multiple ionization and high-order harmonic generation interplay. Large ionization currents are formed, causing ionization of 1--4 electron charges, while strong high-order harmonic generation is observed. The well-known recollision mechanism of high-order harmonic generation plays a part for moderate laser intensities but is fully suppressed for strong laser fields. The harmonic generation spectra are characterized by two distinguishable plateaus, where the structure of the first plateau is dominated by the $6k\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ $(k=0,1,\dots{})$ selection rule. The number of harmonics in the second plateau is insensitive to the duration of the pulse. The peaks appear in pairs or in threesomes, depending on the pulse duration.
Optimizing Coverage and Capacity in Cellular Networks using Machine\n Learning (2020)

Wireless cellular networks have many parameters that are normally tuned upon\ndeployment and re-tuned as the network changes. Many operational parameters\naffect reference signal received power (RSRP), reference signal received\nquality (RSRQ), signal-to-interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR), and,\nultimately, throughput. In this paper, we develop and compare two approaches\nfor maximizing coverage and minimizing interference by jointly optimizing the\ntransmit power and downtilt (elevation tilt) settings across sectors. To\nevaluate different parameter configurations offline, we construct a realistic\nsimulation model that captures geographic correlations. Using this model, we\nevaluate two optimization methods: deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG), a\nreinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, and multi-objective Bayesian\noptimization (BO). Our simulations show that both approaches significantly\noutperform random search and converge to comparable Pareto frontiers, but that\nBO converges with two orders of magnitude fewer evaluations than DDPG. Our\nresults suggest that data-driven techniques can effectively self-optimize\ncoverage and capacity in cellular networks.\n
Electrical properties of GaAs metal–oxide–semiconductor structure comprising Al2O3 gate oxide and AlN passivation layer fabricated in situ using a metal–organic vapor deposition/atomic layer deposition hybrid system (2015)

This paper presents a compressive study on the fabrication and optimization of GaAs metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) structures comprising a Al2O3 gate oxide, deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD), with an AlN interfacial passivation layer prepared in situ via metal–organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The established protocol afforded self-limiting growth of Al2O3 in the atmospheric MOCVD reactor. Consequently, this enabled successive growth of MOCVD-formed AlN and ALD-formed Al2O3 layers on the GaAs substrate. The effects of AlN thickness, post-deposition anneal (PDA) conditions, and crystal orientation of the GaAs substrate on the electrical properties of the resulting MOS capacitors were investigated. Thin AlN passivation layers afforded incorporation of optimum amounts of nitrogen, leading to good capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristics with reduced frequency dispersion. In contrast, excessively thick AlN passivation layers degraded the interface, thereby increasing the interfacial density of states (Dit) near the midgap and reducing the conduction band offset. To further improve the interface with the thin AlN passivation layers, the PDA conditions were optimized. Using wet nitrogen at 600 °C was effective to reduce Dit to below 2 × 1012 cm−2 eV−1. Using a (111)A substrate was also effective in reducing the frequency dispersion of accumulation capacitance, thus suggesting the suppression of traps in GaAs located near the dielectric/GaAs interface. The current findings suggest that using an atmosphere ALD process with in situ AlN passivation using the current MOCVD system could be an efficient solution to improving GaAs MOS interfaces.
Normal Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Measurements and Interobserver Discrepancies in Volumes and Mass Using the Papillary Muscle Inclusion Method (2007)

Background: The potential of cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to provide precise and reproducible measurements might not be realized currently.
Polarity‐Directed One‐Pot Asymmetric Cascade Reactions Mediated by Two Catalysts in an Aqueous Buffer (2009)

A crossing between phases: Polarity makes a difference in distinguishing substrates of otherwise nearly identical chemical reactivities. A one-pot cascade reaction involving nitromethane and two aliphatic aldehydes with similar reactivities has been developed (see scheme). The use of a biphasic reaction medium with two different organic catalysts results in the controlled incorporation of both aldehyde substrates into a single major cross-product.
Constraints on variable bit-rate video for ATM networks (1992)

Constraints on the encoded bit rate of a video signal that are imposed by a channel and encoder and decoder buffers are considered. Conditions that ensure that the video encoder and decoder buffers do not overflow or underflow when the channel can transmit a variable bit rate are presented. Using these conditions and a commonly proposed network-user contract, the effect of a (BISDN) network policing function on the allowable variability in the encoded video bit rate is examined. It is shown how these ideas might be implemented in a system that controls both the encoded and transmitted bit rates. The performance of video that has been encoded using the derived constraints for the leaky bucket channel is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Resveratrol Tetramers with a C6-C3 or a C1 Unit from Upuna borneensis (2007)

Investigation of the chemical constituents in the stem of Upuna borneensis (Dipterocarpaceae) resulted in the isolation of three new resveratrol derivatives, upunaphenols L (1), M (2) (resveratrol tetramers with a C(6)-C(3) unit) and N (3) (resveratrol tetramer with a C(1) unit). The structures have the same partial structure as vaticanol B (4). Upunaphenols L and M are new complex polyphenol compounds, lignostilbene. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis including two dimensional NMR. Upunaphenol M was found to be an artifact generated by silica gel catalyzed methanolysis of 1.
Isolation and characterization of PDE-I and II, the inhibitors of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase. (1978)

In the screening for inhibitors of cyclic adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase, two compounds, PDE-I (C18H13N3O5) and PDE-II (C14H14N2O5), were isolated from culture filtrates of a Streptomyces. Concentrations for 50% inhibitions of PDE-I and PDE-II against the high Km enzyme were 15 μM and 13 μM, and those against the low Km enzyme were 65 μM and 130 μM, respectively. Production, isolation and characterization of these compounds are described.
Herriott cell interferometry for millimeter-scale plasma measurements (2003)

A Herriott cell consists of two concave mirrors positioned on opposite sides of plasma so as to create multiple laser paths through the plasma. Added to a traditional interferometry diagnostic, the Herriott cell multiplies the effective path length through the medium and thereby increases instrument resolution. Previous work used a planar geometry to validate the use of Herriott cells in interferometer applications where the numerous mirror reflections will significantly degrade the phase front quality. The current work extends the Herriott cell capability to a point configuration. In this geometry the multipass beams converge near a single point within the plasma, useful for performing density measurements in very small scale length plasmas. Ray tracing analysis is used to illustrate example measurement geometries attainable with the instrument. It is shown that the configuration results in two convergence points for the laser paths, which somewhat complicates the interpretation of the experimental data. In addition, the multitude of passes through the high density, small scale length passes increases the likelihood for deleterious refractive effects. The diagnostic capability is demonstrated with measurements of the electron and neutral densities in the plasma exhaust of a Micro Pulsed Plasma Thruster. The measurements are validated with similar, lower resolution measurements, obtained using a single-pass interferometer.
Comparison of the Effect of Low- and Iso-Osmolar Contrast Agents on Heart Rate during Chest CT Angiography: Results of a Prospective Randomized Multicenter Study (2011)

High-rate intravenous administration of 80 mL of iopamidol and iodixanol during pulmonary CT angiography slightly increased HR; there was no difference in HR between the contrast agent groups.
Supermode noise suppression of a harmonically modelocked laser by external optical injection (2006)

We report on supermode noise suppression of a harmonically modelocked laser by optical injection. The modelocked laser was injection locked to a CW narrow linewidth source. Injection locking selects a single supermode group reducing the supermode noise spurs in the photodetected signal by 20 dB to a level of -130 dBc/Hz.
Combined Effect of Aggregate and Mineral Admixtures on Tensile Ductility of Engineered Cementitious Composites (2012)

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