gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract C146: LNA (locked nucleic acid) oligonucleotide based GLI2 RNA antagonist EZN-4482 effectively inhibited tumor growth and increased survival of animals with liver metastasis (2009)

Abstract Background: The Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has been implicated in the growth of a number of human malignancies and cancer stem cells. In the presence of Hh ligands, PTCH1 inhibition of a membrane protein, Smoothened (SMO), is relieved. SMO activation triggers a cascade of downstream events that ultimately activate the zinc finger transcription factors GLI2 and GLI3 and induce transcription of their target genes such as GLI1, PTCH1, Cyclin D, and BCL2. Emerging evidence suggests that GLI1 and GLI2 represent the main activators of Hh pathway due to amplification, overexpression of Hh ligand, and mutations of components along the Hh pathway. Therefore, specific down regulation of GLIs with RNA antagonists such as siRNA and antisense molecules may offer an effective therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. We reveal here the biological activities of LNA-based GLI2 mRNA antagonist, EZN-4482 and 4496. Material and Methods: In vitro, the ability of the antagonists to down modulate mRNA and cell growth was evaluated by qRT-PCR and MTS respectively. In vivo, GLI2 mRNA down-modulation in tumors, which were grown on the flank of nude mice, was evaluated after intravenous administration of the antagonists. The effect of antagonists on tumor growth and survival of mice were evaluated in PC3 prostate tumor grown on the flank and in A549 lung carcinoma cells that had metastasized to the liver respectively. Results: Both antagonists, when transfected into tumor cells, were potent down-modulators of GLI2 mRNA (IC50 ≤ 2 nM), resulting caspase ativation and growth inhibition. Interestingly, we found that without any transfection reagent, 1–10 micromolar concentrations of these antagonists were able to down modulate GLI2 mRNA and inhibit the growth of multiple cell lines while their scrambled control oligonucleotides showed no effect, suggesting that the effect was specific. In mice, EZN-4482 (3 mg/kg given q3d x4) down modulated GLI2 mRNA in PC3 prostate tumors. Moreover, using murine specific probes, we found EZN-4482 also inhibited GLI1/2 and PTCH1 in the same tumors. Moderate tumor growth inhibition was found with EZN-4482 in the PC3 xenograft model. Additionally, we show that EZN-4482 prolonged the survival of animals with liver metastasis derived from A549 cells. Conclusions: GLI2 antagonists potently and specifically inhibited GLI2 mRNA expression and tumor growth in two tumor models. The possible mechanisms of efficacy include inhibition of mRNA levels of GLI1/2 and PTCH1 in mouse stromal cells. While small molecule inhibitors of SMO are being evaluated clinically, this approach is limited to tumors where pathway activation is upstream of GLIs or tumors that are resistant to such inhibitors. Therefore, a GLI2 RNA antagonist may be an effective therapy to treat a broad spectrum of cancers including ones that fail treatment with SMO inhibitor therapy. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C146.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF 2‐(2′,2′,2′‐TRIFLUOROETHYL)‐AMINO‐5‐CHLOROBENZOPHENONE AND RELATED STUDIES (1981)

Abstract New Synthesis of 2‐(2′,2′,2′‐Trifluoroethyl)‐amino‐5‐chloro‐benzophenone and Related Studies.
Cyclic Equalization and Channel Identification for Magnetic Tape Recording Systems Using the Data Set Separator (DSS) (2006)

Cyclic equalization and channel identification for read channels in linear tape open (LTO) tape drive systems are addressed using the readback waveform of the data set separator (DSS). The approach is extended to channel identification to extract the dibit response of the magnetic recording channel from the DSS readback waveform.
Real-time four-dimensional optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with Au nanoparticle-assisted subdiffraction-limit resolution (2011)

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) offers label-free, optical absorption contrast. A high-speed, high-resolution PAM system in an inverted microscope configuration with a laser pulse repetition rate of 100,000 Hz and a stationary ultrasonic transducer was built. Four-dimensional in vivo imaging of microcirculation in mouse skin was achieved at 18 three-dimensional volumes per second with repeated two-dimensional (2D) raster scans of 100 by 50 points. The corresponding 2D B-scan (50 A-lines) frame rate was 1800 Hz, and the one-dimensional A-scan rate was 90,000 Hz. The lateral resolution is 0.23 ± 0.03 μm for Au nanowire imaging, which is 2.0 times below the diffraction limit.
Demand and pricing effects on the radio resource allocation of multimedia communication systems (2004)

Over the years, radio resource management has been benchmarked mostly by its technical merits. A service provider, however, must also reckon with economics. When the financial needs of the provider and the satisfaction of the users are considered, common objectives in radio resource management, like maximising throughput or meeting various quality constraints, may no longer be sufficient. We analyse next generation communication systems by including models of economics, which have been presented in the literature, and reasonable considerations to depict the users/provider relationship in a generalised multimedia environment. In particular, we develop a model of users' satisfaction, in which both requested quality of service and price paid are taken into account. The model enables us to investigate how resource allocation dynamics affect operator revenues and to derive some useful insights. Radio resource management can be shown to be highly dependent on economic considerations. The provider's task to determine the best usage of the network capacity is heavily affected by the users' service demand and their reactions to the pricing policy. Thus, the economic scenario needs to be taken into account to exploit the constrained radio resource efficiently. The model is applied to a CDMA cellular system.
Induction of Capsule Growth inCryptococcus neoformansby Mammalian Serum and CO2 (2003)

The pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans has a polysaccharide capsule that is essential for virulence in vivo. Capsule size is known to increase during animal infection, and this phenomenon was recently associated with virulence. Although various conditions have been implicated in promoting capsule growth, including CO(2) concentration, osmolarity, and phenotypic switching, it is difficult to reproduce the capsule enlargement effect in the laboratory. In this study, we report that serum can induce capsule growth, and we describe the conditions that induce this effect, not only by serum but also by CO(2). Capsule enlargement was dependent on the medium used, and this determined whether the strain responded to serum or CO(2) efficiently. Serum was most effective in inducing capsule growth under nutrient-limited conditions. There was considerable variability between strains in their response to either serum or CO(2), with some strains requiring both stimuli. Sera from several animal sources were each highly efficient in inducing capsule growth. The cyclic AMP (cAMP) pathway and Ras1 were both necessary for serum-induced capsule growth. The lack of induction in the ras1 mutant was not complemented by exogenous cAMP, indicating that these pathways act in parallel. However, both cAMP and Ras1 were dispensable for inducing a partial capsule growth by CO(2), suggesting that multiple pathways participate in this process. The ability of serum to induce capsule growth suggests a mechanism for the capsular enlargement observed during animal infection.
High Quality Epitaxial Growth on 4° Off-Axis 4H SiC with Addition of HCl (2008)

Epitaxial growth of 3-in, 4° off-axis 4H SiC with addition of HCl has been presented. Good surface morphology with a low defect density has been obtained, even for epi thickness of 38 µm. Comprehensive characterization techniques conducted on the epi material obtained in this process have independently confirmed the high purity and low density of crystalline imperfections. Low temperature PL displays clear free exciton I77 recombination while no L1 line is discernable. DLTS measurements have confirmed a low concentration of Z1/2 and EH6/7 below or in the range of 1011 cm-3. Time resolved PL at room temperature performed on a 38 µm thick epi wafer gives long carrier lifetime in the range of 1.5 to above 5 µsec. PiN diodes with diode area up to 25 mm2 have demonstrated blocking voltages above 900V, with a max electric field of above 2.5 MV/cm.
Inhibition of Thioredoxin/Thioredoxin Reductase Induces Synthetic Lethality in Lung Cancers with Compromised Glutathione Homeostasis (2018)

Glutathione (GSH)/GSH reductase (GSR) and thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase (TXNRD) are two major compensating thiol-dependent antioxidant pathways that maintain protein dithiol/disulfide balance. We hypothesized that functional deficiency in one of these systems would render cells dependent on compensation by the other system for survival, providing a mechanism-based synthetic lethality approach for treatment of cancers. The human <i>GSR</i> gene is located on chromosome 8p12, a region frequently lost in human cancers. <i>GSR</i> deletion was detected in about 6% of lung adenocarcinomas in The Cancer Genome Atlas database. To test whether loss of <i>GSR</i> sensitizes cancer cells to TXNRD inhibition, we knocked out or knocked down the <i>GSR</i> gene in human lung cancer cells and evaluated their response to the TXNRD inhibitor auranofin. <i>GSR</i> deficiency sensitized lung cancer cells to this agent. Analysis of a panel of 129 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines revealed that auranofin sensitivity correlated with the expression levels of the <i>GSR</i>, glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (<i>GCLC</i>), and NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 (<i>NQO1</i>) genes. In NSCLC patient-derived xenografts with reduced expression of <i>GSR</i> and/or <i>GCLC</i>, growth was significantly suppressed by treatment with auranofin. Together, these results provide a proof of concept that cancers with compromised expression of enzymes required for GSH homeostasis or with chromosome 8p deletions that include the <i>GSR</i> gene may be targeted by a synthetic lethality strategy with inhibitors of TXNRD. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings demonstrate that lung cancers with compromised expression of enzymes required for glutathione homeostasis, including reduced <i>GSR</i> gene expression, may be targeted by thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase inhibitors.
220 Pulsed Electric Current Sintering of Nitride Ceramics (2012)

Silicon nitride nanoceramics and aluminum nitride nanoceramics are fabricated by pulsed electric current sintering. These nanoceramics could be densified without grain growth, because of high heating rate of the pulsed electric current sintering. A sintering additive is effective for lowering sintering temperature and aluminum nitride nanoceramic could be obtained as a result of 1wt% of Ca_3Al_2O_6 addition.
ALFRED: A Benchmark for Interpreting Grounded Instructions for Everyday\n Tasks (2019)

We present ALFRED (Action Learning From Realistic Environments and\nDirectives), a benchmark for learning a mapping from natural language\ninstructions and egocentric vision to sequences of actions for household tasks.\nALFRED includes long, compositional tasks with non-reversible state changes to\nshrink the gap between research benchmarks and real-world applications. ALFRED\nconsists of expert demonstrations in interactive visual environments for 25k\nnatural language directives. These directives contain both high-level goals\nlike "Rinse off a mug and place it in the coffee maker." and low-level language\ninstructions like "Walk to the coffee maker on the right." ALFRED tasks are\nmore complex in terms of sequence length, action space, and language than\nexisting vision-and-language task datasets. We show that a baseline model based\non recent embodied vision-and-language tasks performs poorly on ALFRED,\nsuggesting that there is significant room for developing innovative grounded\nvisual language understanding models with this benchmark.\n
Interconnect Modeling using a Surface Admittance Operator Derived with the Fokas Method (2022)

In this contribution, we propose a novel approach to rigorously model interconnect structures with an arbitrary convex polygonal cross-section and general, piecewise homogeneous, material parameters. A full-wave boundary integral equation formulation is combined with a differential surface admittance approach, invoking an extended form of the numerically fast Fokas method to construct the pertinent operator. Several examples validate our method and demonstrate its applicability to per-unit-of-length resistance and inductance characterization.
Modelling of the coverage range for modern vehicle access systems at low frequencies (2007)

The prediction of the system performance of the different automotive applications is one of the challenging tasks in the next future. For the Passive Start and Entry [1] system named PASE representing a wireless card or key based innovative car access system, placing antennas in and around the car to ensure a good coverage is the main topic of this publication. The main parts of the PASE system are the access card or key containing LF and RF antennas as well as transponder, the antennas positioned at different places within the vehicle responsible for the signal coverage of the interior and exterior area around the car and finally the control unit within the vehicle. As soon as the key owner approaches the vehicle and pulls the door handle, the car automatically detects and authenticates the access card or key within a few metres range from the car. For the uplink from the vehicle, the frequency of 125 kHz is used and for the downlink from the key to the controlling unit placed in the car the UHF frequency of 315 MHz corresponding to the U.S. regulations and 434 MHz for European countries. The magnetic field distribution generated by the LF antennas is of high importance as the identification cards require sufficiently strong magnetic field strength.
Supplementary Table 2 from Multilevel Whole-Genome Analysis Reveals Candidate Biomarkers in Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 74K, Copy-number results in relation to results of previous studies&lt;/p&gt;
Investigation of planar switches for large format CMB polarization instruments (2006)

Several technologies are now being considered for modulating the polarization in various B-mode instruments, including rotating quasioptical half-wave plates in front of the focal plane array, rotating waveguide half-wave plates and Faraday rotators. It is not at all clear that any of these techniques is feasible without heavy penalty in cost or performance. A potentially much more efficient method is to use a pseudo-correlation polarimeter in conjunction with a planar circuit phase switch. We investigate three different devices for use as mm-wave switches, SIS tunnel junctions, capacitively coupled superconducting nanostrips and RF MEMS. The SIS tunnel junction switches operate by switching between two different bias voltages, while the nanostrip switch operates by changing the impedance of a resonant circuit by driving the nanostrip from the superconducting to normal state. In each case the RF signal sees two substantially different complex impedance states, hence could be switched from one transmission line branch to another. In MEMS this is achieved by mechanical movement of one plate of a parallel plate capacitor system. Although RF MEMS have been reported at high microwave and low mm-wave frequencies, in this work we have investigated cryogenic MEMS for operation at high mm-wave frequencies (225 GHz) using superconducting transmission lines. We present and compare designs and simulations of the performance of phase switches based on all three switching technologies, as well as preliminary experimental results for each of the switches. Finally we also present designs of phase shift circuits that translates the on/off switching into phase modulation.
Creation of a novel inverted charge density wave state (2022)

<div class="page" title="Page 2"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvOT1ef757c0;">Charge density wave (CDW) order is an emergent quantum phase that is characterized by periodic lattice distortion and charge density modulation, often present near superconducting transitions. Here, we uncover a novel inverted CDW state by using a femtosecond laser to coherently reverse the star-of-David lattice distortion in 1</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: 'AdvOT7d6df7ab.I';">T</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvOT1ef757c0;">-TaSe</span><span style="font-size: 6pt; font-family: AdvOT1ef757c0; vertical-align: -1pt;">2</span><span style="font-size: 9pt; font-family: AdvOT1ef757c0;">. We track the signature of this novel CDW state using time- and angle- resolved photoemission spectroscopy and the time-dependent density functional theory to validate that it is associated with a unique lattice and charge arrangement never before realized. The dynamic electronic structure further reveals its novel properties that are characterized by an increased density of states near the Fermi level, high metallicity, and altered electron&ndash;phonon couplings. Our results demonstrate how ultrafast lasers can be used to create unique states in materials by manipulating charge-lattice orders and couplings.</span> </div> </div> </div> </div>
REAKTIONEN VON THIOXOHETEROCYCLEN MIT N-CHLORAMIDEN IV.1N-PHENYLSULFONYL-S-PYRIDINIOSULFOXIMIDATE UND N-(PHENYLSULFONYL)PYRIDINIUM-SULFONAMIDATE (1991)

Abstract S-(2-Dihydropyridylidene)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)sulfimides 1 are oxidized forming N-phenylsulfonyl-S-(2-pyridinio)sulfoximidates 2 and further N-phenylsulfonyl-2-pyridiniumsulfonamidates 3. The oxidation of S-(4-dihydropyridylidene)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)sulfimides 5 leads directly to N-phenylsulfonyl-4-pyridiniumsulfonamidates 6. The constitution of the new substance classes 2, 3, 6 is proved by thermal decomposition to give N-(dihydropyridylidene)benzenesulfonamides 4 and 7, IR-, 1H- and 13C-NMR-data, x-ray-structure data of one S-(2-pyridinio)sulfoximidate 2 and one 2-pyridiniumsulfonamidate 3. S-(2-Dihydropyridyliden)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)sulfimide 1 werden zu N-Phenylsulfonyl-S-(2-pyridinio)sulfoximidaten 2 und weiter zu N-Phenylsulfonyl-2-pyridiniumsulfonamidaten 3 oxidiert. Die Oxidation von S-(4-Dihydropyridyliden)-N-(phenylsulfonyl)sulfimiden 5 führt direkt zu N-Phenylsulfonyl-4-pyridiniumsulfonamidaten 6. Konstitutionsbeweise für die neuen Verbindungsklassen 2, 3, 6 sind die thermische Entschwefelung zu N-(Dihydropyridyliden)benzolsulfonamiden 4 und 7, IR-, 1H- und 13C-NMR-Daten, die Röntgenstrukturanalysen von einem S-(2-Pyridinio)sulfoximidat 2 und einem 2-Pyridiniumsulfonamidat 3.
Abscisic Acid-Regulated Gene Expression in Relation to Freezing Tolerance in Alfalfa (1988)

A comparison of abscisic acid (ABA)-induced and cold-acclimation-induced freezing tolerance in two alfalfa cultivars (Medicago falcata cv Anik and Medicago sativa v Trek) indicates that ABA alone can increase freezing tolerance to some extent, but for the development of maximum tolerance, cold acclimation is essential. Analysis of in vivo-labeled proteins of ABA-treated seedlings reveals that ABA causes several changes in the pattern of protein synthesis. While some of these changes appear to be similar to those induced by cold acclimation, others seem to be specific to ABA treatment. From a cDNA library constructed against poly(A(+)) RNA of a freezing-tolerant alfalfa cultivar, Anik, a cDNA clone, pSM1409, has been isolated. Expression of the gene corresponding to this clone, as determined by northern hybridization, is regulated most likely at the transcriptional level by cold acclimation and exogenously supplied ABA. However, the increase in the transcript level is much greater in the freezing-tolerant cultivar Anik than in the relatively freezing-sensitive cultivar, Trek. The role of ABA in the acquisition of freezing tolerance is discussed.
Electrowetting-Based Tunable Liquid Droplet Microresonator (2021)

A tunable liquid whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator based on the electrowetting principle is presented. The liquid resonator consists of a glycerol droplet submerged within an immiscible liquid (dodecane/hexane) bath. The diameter of the droplet is electrically tuned using the electrowetting effect, resulting in a redshift in optical resonance frequency. By applying 35 V, a maximum spectral tuning of 1.44 nm ± 5 pm is achieved. The tuning range achieved is twice the free spectral range (FSR) of the resonator, 0.679 nm. The Q-factor of the resonator with a glycerol droplet in hexane liquid system is measured to be 3.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> . This work represents a new on-chip design, fabricated using standard microfabrication techniques, for future physical and biochemical sensing applications.
Extreme chirped pulse amplification (X-CPA) using semiconductor gain media (2004)

In this paper, the extreme pulse stretching and compression using chirped FBG is characterized with a novel modelocked semiconductor oscillator. In addition, the concept of XCPA is verified by studying the gain saturation behavior with and without the stretching of an optical pulse, and is compared experimentally and theoretically using the gain flattened mode-locked and semiconductor optical amplifiers as the gain elements.
Diphenylsiloxane–dimethylsiloxane copolymer: Optical functions from 191 to 1688 nm (0.735–6.491 eV) by spectroscopic ellipsometry (2020)

We report the optical functions of diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane (DPS-DMS) copolymer as determined from reflection spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) and transmission ultraviolet-visible data, which were generated over 191–1688 nm from a commercial sample of DPS-DMS. This material is a random, linear copolymer terminated with silanol groups that is a liquid at room temperature and pressure. Both reflection and transmission measurements required special experimental considerations. The reflection SE measurements utilized the “rough-surface” method, wherein the liquid was poured onto a roughened (frosted) glass slide, which scatters the reflected light leaving only the reflection from the liquid surface. That is, there is effectively no substrate or material beneath the liquid that affects the ellipsometry measurements or that needs to be modeled. Transmission measurements were obtained via a dual cuvette approach to eliminate the effects of the cuvettes. The reflection data provided the refractive index across the entire spectral range as well as the extinction coefficient at ultraviolet wavelengths. The transmission measurements provided input for the extinction coefficients at visible and near infrared wavelengths, where the liquid is transparent or semitransparent. The reflected SE data were modeled using a Sellmeier dispersion model and six Gaussian oscillators plus a surface roughness layer. This produced a good fit with a mean squared error (MSE) of 2.41. For example, we obtained the following n(λ) values, where λ is the wavelength in nanometers: n(300) = 1.534, n(500) = 1.477, and n(1000) = 1.458. As expected, the refractive index of DPS-DMS is higher than that of liquid polydimethylsiloxane.
Combined rate control and mode decision optimization for MPEG-2 transcoding with spatial resolution reduction (2004)

This paper presents a new algorithm for MPEG-2 transcoding with spatial resolution reduction. The proposed method combines rate control and mode decision to achieve optimal transcoding performance using Lagrange multiplier algorithm. Since the proposed method incorporates motion vector mapping and mode decision into a single Lagrange multiplier formula, by minimizing the Lagrangian cost function, the optimal solution for mode decision can be obtained. The proposed transcoding scheme has demonstrated better subjective and objective results compared with other methods.