gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationship between enlargement of the lateral ventricle and periventricular leukomalacia in infants (2010)

We may need to suspect PVL in infants whose lateral ventricle is enlarged even if cystic PVL is not detected by ultrasound. PVL present only in the collateral trigone needs to be evaluated using cerebral MRI.
Design of a Si MMIC compatible ferroelectric varactor shunt switch for microwave applications (2005)

This paper describes a capacitive shunt switch, based on ferroelectric varactors as a potential replacement for RF MEMS switches for microwave applications. Our implementation is based on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) transmission line shunted by a ferroelectric varactor. The novelty in the implementation comes from the elimination of any moving parts (as in MEMS switches) for switching. The concept of switching ON and OFF is based on the dielectric tunability of the ferroelectric material of barium strontium titanium oxide (BST) thin-films. From electromagnetic simulations performed, the isolation of the switch between 20 and 40 GHz (OFF state S21) is better than 30 dB. The insertion loss of the switch is below 2 dB up to 40 GHz. This paper addresses the design, optimization, electromagnetic simulations, and electrical modeling of the ferroelectric varactor shunt switch with Si MMIC compatible process.
A study on lateral speed estimation methods (2004)

The estimation of vehicle lateral speed, a critical variable for vehicle stability control, four-wheel-steering and other advanced dynamic control systems, is studied in this paper. We presented three different approaches, one each from three categories: transfer function approach, state-space approach, and kinematics approach. The first two methods rely on a vehicle dynamic (bicycle) model, and the last approach is based on the kinematics relationship of measured signals. The basic formulation of all three methods assumed that the road bank angle is negligible, and thus needs to be enhanced by a road bank angle estimation algorithm to work satisfactorily when the road bank is significant. The performance of these three (enhanced) methods are investigated using simulation and experimental data. For the experimental verification, we present four cases: nominal (high friction, flat road), banked road, low-friction, and low-friction-near-spin. Weakness of the three estimation algorithms is discussed.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Outpatient COVID-19 Treatment with High-Titer Convalescent Plasma (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04373460.
Novel αD-Conopeptides and Their Precursors Identified by cDNA Cloning Define the D-Conotoxin Superfamily (2009)

AlphaD-conotoxins are peptide inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) first described from Conus vexillum (alphaD-VxXIIA-C and renamed here to alphaD-VxXXA, alphaD-VxXXB, and alphaD-VxXXC). In this study, we report cDNA sequences encoding D-superfamily conopeptides identified in the Clade XII Conidae Conus vexillum, Conus capitaneus, Conus mustelinus, and Conus miles, together with partial sequences of corresponding peptides from this family. The D-superfamily signal peptide sequences display greater heterogeneity than reported for other conotoxin superfamilies. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships among alphaD-conotoxin precursors reveals two distinct groups containing either an EMM or AVV signal peptide sequence motif. Homodimer and heterodimer combinations of predicted mature toxin sequences likely account for the partial amino acid sequences and mass values observed for several of the native dimeric peptide components identified in C. capitaneus, C. miles, and C. mustelinus venom. The discovery of the precursors and several novel conotoxins from different species defines this large conotoxin family and expands our understanding of sequence diversification mechanisms in Conus species.
ChemInform Abstract: ACETYLENEDICARBONYL FLUORIDE PART 2, ITS REACTION WITH ARYLAMINES TO YIELD ISOMALEIMIDES, MALEIMIDES, AND ALPHA‐PHENYLIMINO‐ AND ALPHA‐PHENYLAMINOFURAMIDES (1975)

Abstract Acetylendicarbonsäurefluorid (I) liefert mit den aromatischen Aminen (II) über diskutierte Zwischenstufen wie (III) und (IV) die Isomaleinimide (V) sowie die Maleinimide (VI).
La 2 O 3 ‐Al 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 Glasses for High‐Power, Yb 3+ ‐Doped, 980‐nm Fiber Lasers (2002)

Single‐mode semiconductor pumps have failed to keep pace with the increasing power requirements of Er‐doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), so there is a need for high‐powered 980‐nm sources. Yb 3+ ‐doped tapered fiber lasers can provide high‐power output by conversion of a low‐brightness, high‐powered, 920‐nm, multimode broad stripe laser diode to a high‐brightness, 980‐nm, single‐mode output. The tapered fiber laser requires a fiber with high numerical aperture (NA) (&gt;0.4), a rectangular core, and good Yb 3+ spectroscopy for efficient operation. CVD‐based fiber fabrication methods are incapable of delivering fibers with an NA &gt; ∼0.3 or with good efficiency at 980 nm so a new method of high‐NA fiber fabrication was developed. The core glass composition is critical for maintaining a high‐NA fiber with good power extraction while avoiding phase separation, loss, and clustering. The SiO 2 level controlled the NA and interdiffusion between core and clad, while the Al 2 O 3 /La 2 O 3 ratio controlled phase separation. A La 2 O 3 ‐Al 2 O 3 ‐SiO 2 glass was developed that is compatible with a pure SiO 2 cladding glass and has a laser slope efficiency of 70% at 980 nm. The optimized fiber composition yielded 450 mW of 980‐nm power in a single‐mode fiber.
Digital Amplifier: A Power-Efficient and Process-Scaling Amplifier for Switched Capacitor Circuits (2019)

To realize high-resolution pipelined and pipelinedSAR analog-to-digital-converters (ADCs), an accurate residue amplifier is necessary. However, realizing such an amplifier in scaled CMOS is challenging due to the worsened transistor characteristics. Prior works focused on gain calibration techniques to mitigate the use of low-gain amplifiers, in return of system complexity and prolonged startups. In this paper, we introduce a digital amplifier (DA) technique to realize powerefficient and accurate amplification in scaled CMOS. DA cancels out all errors (i.e., gain error, nonlinearity, incomplete settling, power supply noise, and thermal noise) of the low-gain amplifier by feedback based on successive approximation. The DA accuracy can be arbitrary set by configuring the number of bits in the DA capacitor digital-to-analog-converter; the amplifier gain is decoupled from the transistor intrinsic gain which is suitable for scaled CMOS integration. We also show that the power efficiency can be enhanced over conventional opamp-based designs with relaxed settling error requirements of DA-based multiplying digitalto-analog-converters (MDACs). Moreover, the circuit design of DA-based MDACs is further discussed. Measurement results of the calibration-free 0.7-V 12-bit 160-MS/s pipelined-SAR ADC implemented in 28-nm CMOS are reported. Without calibration, the ADC achieves signal-to-noise-and-distortion-ratio = 61.1 dB, figure-of-merit = 12.8 fJ/conv., which is over 3× improvement compared with conventional calibration-free high-speed pipelined ADCs. In addition, we evaluate the DA's process scalability by comparing the measured results of the DA-based MDAC prototyped in 65and 28-nm CMOS. We observe 2×-3× improvement in speed, power, and area mainly resulting from the DA's process scalability.
Toward patient identification using chest CT scan (2003)

3D digital medical images are usually generated by computerized medical equipment such as CT scanners and MRI machines. Selected anatomic information and structures can be extracted as features from this type of volume data. These features, if unique enough, can be used to identify the patient. This can be viewed as a special field of biometrics-- identification of individuals using biological traits. As an example of implementation, we present a solution for same-patient decision in chest CT volume data. Our method uses the lung area profiles along the sagital, coronal and axial planes. The area profile curves of the two volume data are cross-correlated to find the best scale factors as well as the best offsets. The extension of this work is to evaluate the "goodness-of-fit" in order to classify two studies being or not from the same patient. We apply our method to 3 panels of pairs of the same patient and pairs of different patient and report classification performance.
High density optical disk system using a new two-element lens and a thin substrate disk (1996)

The areal density of an optical storage disk can be increased by improving the transverse resolution of the optical head which is proportional to λ/NA. In order to improve the resolution, a lot of research has been carried out to develop shorter wavelength light sources such as green or blue SHG lasers 1,2) and recently ZnSe or GaN semiconductor blue lasers 3) . These lasers will soon become commercially available. On the other hand, it is difficult to make a high NA objective using a single molded aspherical element. Furthermore the higher the numerical aperture, the less the tolerance for variations in disk thickness, disk tilt, and focusing which are inversely proportional to the fourth, third, and second power of the numerical aperture, respectively. Other experiments have been carried out to improve the resolution using near-field optics 4) such as scanning probes which can improve the areal density drastically, however, such probes seem to be tolerated only for working distances of around 100 nm.
Three‐Dimensional Structure Database Searches (1996)

This chapter contains sections titled: 3D Database Searching and the Drug Design Process Advances in 3D Search Methodology 3D Database and Pharmacophore Query Construction Dealing with Conformational Flexibility Pharmacophore Generation and Validation Pharmacophore Search Successes Receptor-Constrained 3D Screening Shape-Constrained 3D Database Searches Vector-Constrained 3D Searhces De Novo Design Conclusions
Multiple Workspaces in Visual Analytics (2018)

Exploratory visual analysis is an iterative process, where analysts often start from an overview of the data. Subsequently, they often pursue different hypotheses through multiple rounds of interaction and analysis. Commercial visualization packages support mostly a model with a single analysis path, where the system view represents only the final state of the users' current analysis. In this paper, we investigate the benefit of using multiple workspaces to support alternative analyses, enabling users to create different workspaces to pursue multiple analysis paths at the same time. We implemented a prototype for multiple workspaces using a multi-tab design in a visual analytics system. The results of our user studies show that multiple workspaces: enable analysts to work on concurrent tasks, work well for organizing an analysis, and make it easy to revisit previous parts of their work.
Interference Protection Versus Spatial Reuse in Wireless Networks (2009)

In this paper the capacity of decentralized wireless networks is addressed. An exclusion region is introduced that protects active receivers from destructive interference of nearby transmitters. An exclusion range imposes an upper bound on the interference that a transmitter may cause to receivers of competing links. While an exclusion region avoids excessive interference and thus improves capacity per link, the spatial reuse in terms of concurrently served links is compromised. The resulting trade-off is elaborated by computer simulations, so to optimize the exclusion range as a function of the user density and maximum transmit power. We demonstrate that by an appropriately specified exclusion range, the network capacity is substantially enhanced. In this context, it has been found that the exclusion range that maximizes the system capacity does not vary greatly when changing the a priori user density. In addition, the trade-off between maximizing the system capacity and maintaining fairness is investigated.
Heterogeneous nucleation of protein crystals using nanoporous gold nucleants (2012)

We present a theory and experiments that help clarify the origin of the effectiveness of nanoporous substrates in the heterogeneous nucleation of protein crystals. The central idea tested here is that when a substrate (or “nucleant”) possesses pores of the order of the hydrodynamical radius of a protein, then the entropic penalty associated with nucleating a protein crystal on that surface may be alleviated. Model experiments using lysozyme and nanoporous gold (NPG) substrates suggest that there is indeed a reduction in the entropy associated with creating critical nuclei, but the magnitude of the reduction is small. Taken together with further examination of protein crystallization with NPG nucleants using four other proteins, our aggregate results suggest that surface chemistry and surface area effects play the dominant role in nucleation when using these nanoporous nucleants.
Phenoxyl Radicals Ferromagnetically Attached to a Cyclic π-Conjugation: 2,8,14-Trisoxyphenyltribenzotrisdehydro [12]Annulene (1999)

Abstract A dehydro[12]annulene C 3-symmetrically annelated with a phenoxyl-bearing benzene was synthesized. The dehydroannulene molecule was a quartet in the ground state, and the cyclic and planar π-conjugation of the dehydroannulene acted as an effective ferromagnetic coupler between the pendant spins. Key Words: Quartet moleculePhenoxyl radicalAnnuleneFerromagnetic interaction
<title>Primary and secondary phase separation in GeS<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>-La<formula><inf><roman>2</roman></inf></formula>S<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> glasses</title> (1990)

GeS2 is known to be a good chalcogenide glass former with a transmission cut off at 1 1 . tm and has been studied for its application in the mid infrared region. The rare earth sulfides (La-Er) form reasonably good and stable glasses when mixed with other chalcogenides such as Ga2S3. In this work glass formation was studied in the GeS2- La2S3 system. Two compositions containing 60 mol and 92. 5 mol GeS2 respectively were studied and the effect of composition on the microstructure and thermal stability of these glasses were investigated. Microstructural analyses were performed on the as prepared and heat treated glasses using TEM and SEM/EDXA. Glasses rich in GeS2 exhibited primary (6-80 nm) and secondary (3-13 nm) phase seperation at the molecular level. Differential thermal analysis performed on these glasses indicated glass transition temperatures (Tg) of 590C and 420C for the two compositions studied. The glasses were stable and the (Tg) was observed to decrease with increasing contents of GeS2 in these glasses. 1.
Development of a multiplexed microbioreactor system for high-throughput bioprocessing (2005)

A multiplexed microbioreactor system for parallel operation of multiple microbial fermentation is described. The system includes miniature motors for magnetic stirring of the microbioreactors and optics to monitor the fermentation parameters optical density (OD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH, in-situ and in real time. The microbioreactors are fabricated out of poly(methylmethacrylate)(PMMA) and poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS), and have a working volume of 150 microl. Oxygenation of the cells occurs through a thin PDMS membrane at the top of the reactor chamber. Stirring is achieved with a magnetic spin bar in the reactor chamber. Parallel microbial fermentations with Escherichia coli are carried out in four stirred microbioreactors and demonstrate the reproducible performance of the multiplexed system. The profiles for OD, DO, and pH compare favourably to fermentations performed in bioreactor systems with multiple bench-scale reactors. Finally, the multiplexed system is used to compare two different reactor designs, demonstrating that the reproducibility of the system permits the quantification of microbioreactor performance.
Articulated-pose estimation using brightness- and depth-constancy constraints (2002)

This paper explores several approaches for articulated-pose estimation, assuming that video-rate depth information is available, from either stereo cameras or other sensors. We use these depth measurements in the traditional linear brightness constraint equation, as well as in a depth constraint equation. To capture the joint constraints, we combine the brightness and depth constraints with twist mathematics. We address several important issues in the formation of the constraint equations, including updating the body rotation matrix without using a first-order matrix approximation and removing the coupling between the rotation and translation updates. The resulting constraint equations are linear on a modified parameter set. After solving these linear constraints, there is a single closed-form non-linear transformation to return the updates to the original pose parameters. We show results for tracking body pose in oblique views of synthetic walking sequences and in moving-camera views of synthetic jumping-jack sequences. We also show results for tracking body pose in side views of a real walking sequence.
Fortschritt in Richtung bioorthogonaler Katalyse mit Organometallverbindungen (2014)

Abstract Die Katalyse von bioorthogonalen Transformationen in Lebewesen ist eine enorme Herausforderung – allerdings birgt sie auch großes Potenzial für zukünftige Anwendungen. Wir berichten hier über Rutheniumkomplexe, die in der bioorthogonalen Katalyse unter biologisch relevanten Bedingungen und in lebenden Zellen eingesetzt werden können. Die Katalysatoren aktivieren Allylcarbamat‐geschützte Amine mit bisher unerreicht hoher Aktivität (270 Zyklen) in Gegenwart von Wasser, Luft und millimolaren Thiolkonzentrationen. Durch Fluoreszenzmikroskopie lebender HeLa‐Zellen und mithilfe einer aktivierbaren Fluoreszenzsonde konnten wir eine intensive Fluoreszenzentwicklung im Zytoplasma nachweisen und damit die vermutete Bioorthogonalität der Katalysatoren bekräftigen. Zur Illustration der möglichen Anwendungsbreite bioorthogonaler Organometallkatalyse entwickelten wir eine Methode zur intrazellulären, katalytischen Aktivierung einer Zytostatikavorstufe, welche die Apoptose effizient einleitete.
Releasing new power semiconductor technology: The start-up company route (2009)

The commercialisation of new concepts in power devices and electronics through formation of start-up companies is discussed. Two companies in which the author has been associated as a founder are examined as examples. One a fabless semiconductor IC company in the area of power management, and the other an inverter company in which IC technology is coupled with novel power electronics at the module level. It is shown that there are different routes and time frames over which start-up companies can be formed and funded. Both cases, though different, show the opportunities which exist for enabling new technologies to emerge into the market through venture capital funded start-up companies in the power area.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Alkylations of α‐Aminoamides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5′‐O‐Amino‐2′‐deoxypyrimidine and Purine Nucleosides: Building‐Blocks for Antisense Oligonucleosides. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adapting to intermittent faults in multicore systems (2008)

Future multicore processors will be more susceptible to a variety of hardware failures. In particular, intermittent faults , caused in part by manufacturing, thermal, and voltage variations, can cause bursts of frequent faults that last from several cycles to several seconds or more. Due to practical limitations of circuit techniques, cost-effective reliability will likely require the ability to temporarily suspend execution on a core during periods of intermittent faults. We investigate three of the most obvious techniques for adapting to the dynamically changing resource availability caused by intermittent faults, and demonstrate their different system-level implications. We show that system software reconfiguration has very high overhead, that temporarily pausing execution on a faulty core can lead to cascading livelock, and that using spare cores has high fault-free cost. To remedy these and other drawbacks of the three baseline techniques, we propose using a thin hardware/firmware layer to manage an overcommitted system -- one where the OS is configured to use more virtual processors than the number of currently available physical cores. We show that this proposed technique can gracefully degrade performance during intermittent faults of various duration with low overhead, without involving system software, and without requiring spare cores.
Myc Protein: Partners and Antagonists (1994)

One of the first oncogenes identified from human tumors was c-myc, which is frequently activated in Burkitt's lymphomas due to chromosomal translocations. Subsequently, members of the myc oncogene family were found to be amplified in neuroblastoma and small-cell lung cancer. In normal cells, Myc activity has been shown to be both necessary and sufficient for resting cells to enter the cell cycle. Interestingly, it appears that Myc not only drives the cell cycle, but also induces cell death by apoptosis in certain situations. Myc contains a transcriptional activation domain and a basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper DNA-binding and dimerization domain. As a heterodimer with a structurally related protein, Max, Myc can bind DNA in a sequence-specific manner. These results suggest that the Myc/Max heterodimer functions as a transcriptional activator of genes that are critical for the regulation of cell growth.
GeneTrail 3: advanced high-throughput enrichment analysis (2020)

We present GeneTrail 3, a major extension of our web service GeneTrail that offers rich functionality for the identification, analysis, and visualization of deregulated biological processes. Our web service provides a comprehensive collection of biological processes and signaling pathways for 12 model organisms that can be analyzed with a powerful framework for enrichment and network analysis of transcriptomic, miRNomic, proteomic, and genomic data sets. Moreover, GeneTrail offers novel workflows for the analysis of epigenetic marks, time series experiments, and single cell data. We demonstrate the capabilities of our web service in two case-studies, which highlight that GeneTrail is well equipped for uncovering complex molecular mechanisms. GeneTrail is freely accessible at: http://genetrail.bioinf.uni-sb.de.