gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amplitude modulation of femtosecond laser pulses in the megahertz range for frequency-multiplexed two-photon imaging (2017)

We present a frequency-multiplexed multi-site two-photon imaging method utilizing amplitude modulation of femtosecond laser pulses in the MHz range to tag each excitation beam and the corresponding fluorescence signals with specific frequencies. The frequency tags are generated with an interferometric scheme employing acousto-optic deflectors (AODs) to achieve precise spatial overlap of femtosecond laser pulses with periodically varying phase shift. Creating matching excitation beam patterns in each interferometer arm using multiple AOD driving frequencies, and subsequently overlapping these matching patterns, results in multiple encoded excitation beams with unique beat frequencies available for scanning. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate multiplexed two-photon image acquisition using test samples, and compare the performance of this approach to conventional two-photon laser scanning microscopy.
BPM for the masses: empowering participants of Cognitive Business Processes (2019)

Authoring, developing, monitoring, and analyzing business processes has requires both domain and IT expertise since Business Process Management tools and practices have focused on enterprise applications and not end users. There are trends, however, that can greatly lower the bar for users to author and analyze their own processes. One emerging trend is the attention on blockchains as a shared ledger for parties collaborating on a process. Transaction logs recorded in a standard schema and stored in the open significantly reduces the effort to monitor and apply advanced process analytics. A second trend is the rapid maturity of machine learning algorithms, in particular deep learning models, and their increasing use in enterprise applications. These cognitive technologies can be used to generate views and processes customized for an end user so they can modify them and incorporate best practices learned from other users' processes. Keywords: BPM, cognitive computing, blockchain, privacy, machine learning
A Confinement‐Driven Nucleation Mechanism of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles Obtained via Thermal Decomposition in Organic Media (2022)

Thermal decomposition is a very efficient synthesis strategy to obtain nanosized metal oxides with controlled structures and properties. For the iron oxide nanoparticle synthesis, it allows an easy tuning of the nanoparticle's size, shape, and composition, which is often explained by the LaMer theory involving a clear separation between nucleation and growth steps. Here, the events before the nucleation of iron oxide nanocrystals are investigated by combining different complementary in situ characterization techniques. These characterizations are carried out not only on powdered iron stearate precursors but also on a preheated liquid reaction mixture. They reveal a new nucleation mechanism for the thermal decomposition method: instead of a homogeneous nucleation, the nucleation occurs within vesicle-like-nanoreactors confining the reactants. The different steps are: 1) the melting and coalescence of iron stearate particles, leading to "droplet-shaped nanostructures" acting as nanoreactors; 2) the formation of a hitherto unobserved iron stearate crystalline phase within the nucleation temperature range, simultaneously with stearate chains loss and Fe(III) to Fe(II) reduction; 3) the formation of iron oxide nuclei inside the nanoreactors, which are then ejected from them. This mechanism paves the way toward a better mastering of the metal oxide nanoparticles synthesis and the control of their properties.
ANALYSIS OF THERMAL INACTIVATION KINETICS OF MEMBRANE-BOUND POLYPHENOL OXIDASES AND PEROXIDASES FROM METROXYLON SAGU (2011)

ABSTRACT Thermal inactivation kinetics for the purified membrane-bound polyphenol oxidases (mPPOs) and peroxidases (mPODs) isolated from Metroxylon sagu were analyzed. Each isoenzyme was treated at different time–temperature combinations in the range of 0–70 min and 20–70C. Thermal inactivation rates constant (k) at 70C for mPOD-I (72.9 × 10-3/min) and mPOD-II (97.9 × 10-3/min) were lower than that of mPPO-I (379.7 × 10-3/min) and mPPO-II (138.1 × 10-3/min). The activation energy for inactivation of mPPO-I (32.94 kcal/mol) and mPPO-II (40.34 kcal/mol) was lower compared with mPOD-I (45.77 kcal/mol) and mPOD-II (40.62 kcal/mol). The enthalpy values for mPOD-I (45.08 kcal/mol) and mPOD-II (39.94 kcal/mol) were higher than those of mPPOs (mPPO-I, 32.26 kcal/mol; mPPO-II, 39.66 kcal/mol). This result implies that both mPOD-I and mPOD-II are more thermostable. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Sago starch has a great potential for application in various food systems. However, its further development and exploitation was hindered by browning-associated problems due to polyphenol oxidases and peroxidases. In this work, we have investigated the effect of heat treatment on the stability and inactivation kinetics of membrane-bound polyphenol oxidases and membrane-bound peroxidases. The results from this work will enable the food industry to develop optimum process parameters with respect to heating time and temperature during processing and production of sago starch to produce high-quality starch.
Selective Mediation of Nerve Injury-Induced Tactile Hypersensitivity by Neuropeptide Y (2002)

Prevention of nerve injury-induced tactile, but not thermal, hypersensitivity is achieved by ipsilateral lesions of the dorsal columns or lidocaine microinjection into the nucleus gracilis (n. gracilis). These and other data support the possibility that tactile hyperresponsiveness after nerve injury may be selectively mediated by a low-threshold myelinated fiber pathway to the n. gracilis. Here we identify a transmitter that might selectively mediate such injury-induced tactile hypersensitivity. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), normally not detected in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) or in the n. gracilis of rats, became markedly upregulated at both sites and in the spinal cord after spinal nerve injury. Injury-induced NPY-IR occurred predominately in large-diameter DRG cells, and the NPY-IR in the n. gracilis was blocked by dorsal rhizotomy or dorsal column lesion. NPY microinjection into the n. gracilis of uninjured rats elicited reversible tactile, but not thermal, hypersensitivity only in the ipsilateral hindpaw. Administration of anti-NPY antiserum, but not control serum or preabsorbed serum, into the n. gracilis ipsilateral to nerve injury reversed tactile, but not thermal, hypersensitivity. Similarly, microinjection of the NPY antagonists NPY(18-36) and (R)-N-[[4-(aminocarbonylaminomethyl)-phenyl]methyl]-N2-(diphenylacetyl)-argininamide trifluoroacetate, into the n. gracilis ipsilateral to the injury reversed tactile, but not thermal, hypersensitivity. Antagonist administration into the contralateral n. gracilis had no effect on injury-induced hypersensitivity. These data suggest the selective mediation of nerve injury-induced tactile hypersensitivity by upregulated NPY via large fiber input to n. gracilis. Selective reversal of injury-induced tactile allodynia by NPY receptor antagonists would have significant implications for human neuropathic conditions.
Utilization of unlicensed spectrum in cognitive radio networks: A probability-based approach (2017)

In Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs), efficient utilization of available channels on the primary spectrum leads to an improvement in the network performance and a reduction of collisions and interference between CRN users. This requires the secondary transmitters to have prior knowledge of the number of primary channels predicted to be available and the periods of time they can be maintained. This allows secondary transmitters to efficiently schedule their data, while satisfying the constrains of the delivered application. In this paper, we use the probability of obtaining an idle set of primary channels to model the probability of holding the available PUs channel(s) for a period of time adequate to deliver the scheduled data for a specific secondary user. The primary users (PUs) channels are assumed to independently follow the two-state Markov Model in changing their availability state. We consider different cases for the PUs activity levels over CRN channels, and compare the approximated availability distribution in each case against the exact one, using extensive numerical simulations for validation. These models are then employed to obtain the desired channel(s) holding probability for two cases of secondary users existence in a CRN.
Shrinking-Hole Colloidal Lithography: Self-Aligned Nanofabrication of Complex Plasmonic Nanoantennas (2014)

Plasmonic nanoantennas create locally strongly enhanced electric fields in so-called hot spots. To place a relevant nanoobject with high accuracy in such a hot spot is crucial to fully capitalize on the potential of nanoantennas to control, detect, and enhance processes at the nanoscale. With state-of-the-art nanofabrication, in particular when several materials are to be used, small gaps between antenna elements are sought, and large surface areas are to be patterned, this is a grand challenge. Here we introduce self-aligned, bottom-up and self-assembly based Shrinking-Hole Colloidal Lithography, which provides (i) unique control of the size and position of subsequently deposited particles forming the nanoantenna itself, and (ii) allows delivery of nanoobjects consisting of a material of choice to the antenna hot spot, all in a single lithography step and, if desired, uniformly covering several square centimeters of surface. We illustrate the functionality of SHCL nanoantenna arrangements by (i) an optical hydrogen sensor exploiting the polarization dependent sensitivity of an Au-Pd nanoantenna ensemble; and (ii) single particle hydrogen sensing with an Au dimer nanoantenna with a small Pd nanoparticle in the hot spot.
Activation Volumes for Solid-Solid Transformations in Nanocrystals (2001)

The transition between four- and six-coordinate structures in CdSe nanocrystals displays simple transition kinetics as compared with the extended solid, and we determined activation volumes from the pressure dependence of the relaxation times. Our measurements indicate that the transformation takes place by a nucleation mechanism and place strong constraints on the type of microscopic motions that lead to the transformation. The type of analysis presented here is difficult for extended solids, which transform by complicated kinetics and involve ill-defined domain volumes. Solids patterned on the nanoscale may prove to be powerful models for the general study of structural transitions in small systems, as well as in extended solids.
Interactions of Cyclophilin with the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane and Regulation of the Permeability Transition Pore, a Cyclosporin A-sensitive Channel (1996)

Mammalian mitochondria possess an inner membrane channel, the permeability transition pore (MTP), which can be inhibited by nanomolar concentrations of cyclosporin (CS) A. The molecular basis for MTP inhibition by CSA remains unclear. Mitochondria also possess a matrix cyclophilin (CyP) with a unique N-terminal sequence (CyP-M). To test the hypothesis that it interacts with the MTP, we have studied the interactions of CyP-M with rat liver mitochondria by Western blotting with a specific antibody against its unique N terminus. Although sonication in isotonic sucrose at pH 7.4 refraction sediments with submitochondrial particles at 150,000 x g. We show that the interactions of this CyP-M pool with submitochondrial particles are disrupted (i) by the addition of CSA, which inhibits the pore, but not of CSH, which does not, and (ii) by acidic pH condition, which also leads to selective inhibition of the MTP; furthermore, we show that the effect of acidic pH on CyP-M fully prevents the inhibitory effect of H+ on the MTP (Nicolli, A., Petronilli, V., and Bernardi, P. (1993) Biochemistry 32, 4461-4465). These data suggest that CyP-M inhibition by CSA and protons may be due to unbinding of CyP-M from its putative binding site on the MTP. A role for CyP-M in MTP regulation is also supported by a study with a series of CSA derivatives with graded affinity for CyP. We show that with each derivative the isomerase activity of CyP-M purified to homogeneity is similar to that displayed at inhibition of MTP opening, CyP-M (but not CyP-A) and decreased efficiency at MTP inhibition is obtained by substitution in position 8 while a 4-substituted, nonimmunosuppressive derivative is a as effective as the native CSA molecule, indicating that calcineurin is not involved in MTP inhibition by CSA.
Abstract 442: Treatment of tumor xenografts in vivo with PEGylated human recombinant hyaluronidase PH20 (PEGPH20) does not increase the metastatic behavior of malignant cells (2011)

Abstract Hyaluronan (HA), a nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan, is a significant component of the extracellular matrix of many solid tumors. HA accumulation has been correlated with local invasion, the presence of distal metastasis, higher tumor grade, and poorer overall survival. We have previously demonstrated that sustained HA removal, accomplished with a novel pegylated human recombinant hyaluronidase PH20 (PEGPH20), inhibited tumor growth and enhanced chemotherapeutic activity in HA-rich xenografts (Thompson et al, 2010). As endogenous lysosomal hyaluronidase expression has been implicated as a tumor promoter (Kovar et al, 2006), and exogenous hyaluronidase has been shown to act as a tumor suppressor (Shuster et al, 2002), we aimed to determine whether exogenous PEGPH20 administration alters the metastatic behavior of malignant cells in solid tumors. In a first set of experimental metastasis studies, HA-rich prostate PC3 (2e5) or breast MDA-MB-231 (1e5) cells were intracardially injected (IC) into nude mice (NCR nu/nu). Mice were subsequently treated (&amp;gt;20 min) with a single dose of PEGPH20 (4.5 mg/kg, IV) or vehicle and tumor seeding into organs tracked via bioluminescent imaging over time (n=8/group). In a second set of spontaneous metastasis experiments, prostate PC3 (2e6) or breast MDA-MB-231-Has2 (2e6) cells were injected into either the tibia periosteum or mammary fad pad of nude mice, respectively. MDA-MB-231-Has2 cells are a MDA-MB-231 Has 2 synthase overexpressing clone, shown to overexpress HA both in vitro and in vivo. When PC3 tumors reached ∼375 mm3 (n=11/group), and MDA-MB-231-Has2 reached ∼400 mm3 (n=6/group), mice received PEGPH20 (4.5 mg/kg, IV) or vehicle, q3d × 8 or q3d × 5, respectively. Mice were subsequently sacrificed and lymph node metastasis assessed histologically. Following the initial set of IC experiments, no significant difference in the number or frequency of metastatic nodules, as assessed by bioluminescence, was observed following PEGPH20 treatment versus control in either cell line (PC3, p=0.49; MDA-MB-231, p=0.89). In the second set of experiments, no difference in lymph node metastasis in either cell line was detected (PC3, p=0.68; MDA-MB-231, p=0.55). Finally, no histological evidence of increased metastases was observed in any organs examined (liver, kidney, heart, spleen or lung) following PEGPH20 administration in either study. Taken together, these results suggest exogenous PEGPH20 administration does not impact metastatic behavior in the PC3 prostate, MDA-MB-231 breast or MDA-MB-231-Has2 breast preclinical models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 442. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-442
Eyeball deformation by organ pressure regulation using magnetic sheet (2017)

In this paper, we propose a new therapy for improving the symptom by transforming organs. For example, deformation of the eyeball cause axial myopia which greatly affects the quality of life. So we demonstrated preliminary experiments to show the possibility of a new treatment for axial myopia. In experiments, by inserting a magnetic sheet at the back of the eyeball and applying a magnetic field, the eyeball was deformed into an appropriate shape. As a result, wrinkles were formed along the blood vessel on the ocular fundus at the time of compression. This shows that compressive stress has occurred. So, our experimental method was successfully demonstrated to deform it. We are investigating that it will lead us a new therapy.
TCG based approach for secure management of virtualized platforms: state-of-the-art (2010)

There is a strong trend shift in the favor of adopting virtualization to get business benefits. The provisioning of virtualized enterprise resources is one kind of many possible scenarios. Where virtualization promises clear advantages it also poses new security challenges which need to be addressed to gain stakeholders confidence in the dynamics of new environment. One important facet of these challenges is establishing 'Trust' which is a basic primitive for any viable business model. The Trusted computing group (TCG) offers technologies and mechanisms required to establish this trust in the target platforms. Moreover, TCG technologies enable protecting of sensitive data in rest and transit. This report explores the applicability of relevant TCG concepts to virtualize enterprise resources securely for provisioning, establish trust in the target platforms and securely manage these virtualized Trusted Platforms.
496 Reliable identification of endometrial precancers through Pax2, β-catenin, and Pten immunohistochemistry (2021)

<h3>Introduction/Background*</h3> The diagnosis of endometrial atypical hyperplasia/endometrioid intraepithelial neoplasia (AH/EIN) remains challenging and subjective in some cases, with variable histologic criteria and differences of opinion among gynecologic pathologists, potentially leading to under/overtreatment. There has been growing interest in the use of specific immunohistochemical markers as adjuncts in AH/EIN diagnosis. For example, the WHO 2020 Classification lists loss of Pten, Pax2, or mismatch repair proteins as desirable diagnostic criteria. Other markers, most notably b-catenin and Arid1a, are also aberrantly expressed in some AH/EIN. However, the performance of these markers individually—and more importantly as a group—has not been rigorously explored, raising critical questions as to which marker(s) or combination(s) thereof is the most efficient and reliable in practice. <h3>Methodology</h3> Inclusion criteria was a diagnosis of AH/EIN on an endometrial tissue sample based on histologic features. Formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded tissue sections from n=111 patients were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for 6 markers: Pax2, Pten, Mlh1, b-catenin, Arid1a, and p53. Aberrant expression consistent with an underlying molecular defect was tabulated for each case and marker. An additional set of n=79 normal endometria was also analyzed to define optimal criteria for marker aberrance. The performance characteristics of each marker, the entire panel, and subsets thereof were statistically analyzed. <h3>Result(s)*</h3> In order of number of cases detected, the most frequently aberrant markers in AH/EIN were Pax2 (82.0% of cases), Pten (51.4%), b-catenin (47.7%), Arid1a (7.2%), Mlh1 (4.5%), and p53 (2.7%). The great majority of cases showed aberrant expression of ≥2 markers. The 6 markers together identified 92.8% of cases. Arid1a and Mlh1 proved to be robust and readily-scored markers, but all cases showing aberrant expression of either of these two markers was also detected by b-catenin, Pax2, or Pten. <h3>Conclusion*</h3> A limited panel of only 3 markers (Pax2, Pten, and b-catenin) showed optimal performance characteristics as a diagnostic adjunct in the histopathologic diagnosis of AH/EIN. Use of this panel was practicable and robust, with at least one of the 3 markers being aberrant in 92.8% of AH/EIN.
Smart Antennas : Adaptive Arrays, Algorithms, & Wireless Position Location (1998)

The interdisciplinary field of smart antennas has matured significantly in the 1990s. It has become clear that this area of work will provide a key technological boon for the wireless communications industry. By early 1999 there will be nearly 300 million wireless subscribers throughout the world, yet there has been relatively little radio spectrum provided to the mobile communications industry since the late 1970s and early 1980s, when cellular telephone systems around the world hosted their very first subscribers. Such rapid consumer growth brings with it radio frequency (RF) interferences and spectral crowding, as well as an urgent need to deploy additional base stations in a wide range of environments with minimal test and measurement. Couple this immense growth with the speed and miniaturization of today's digital signal processing devices, and the growing competition created by multiple wireless carriers, and it can be seen that the demand for smart antennas is just around the corner. This compendium contains classical publications and research papers which have and will continue to impact the emerging field of wireless adaptive arrays. The papers have been compiled based on graduate student research at the Mobile and Portable Radio Research Group (MPRG) at Virginia Tech. Papers are grouped according to the following topics: introductory readings; algorithms; architecture, hardware and applications; channel models; and performance evaluation. This book is a handy, single-source reference to assist graduate students, researchers and practitioners involved with the design, development and deployment of smart antenna technology.
Supplementary Data from MAPK Pathway Suppression Unmasks Latent DNA Repair Defects and Confers a Chemical Synthetic Vulnerability in <i>BRAF-, NRAS</i>-, and <i>NF1</i>-Mutant Melanomas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Tables 1-3&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Table 2 from A687V EZH2 Is a Driver of Histone H3 Lysine 27 (H3K27) Hypertrimethylation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 2: Biochemical activity of WT and A687V EZH2 complexes with modified histone peptides&lt;/p&gt;
An effective rule for translating optimal selective laser melting processing parameters from one material to another (2020)

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) or Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is the most studied laser-based additive manufacturing process for metals and alloys. One important issue in SLM is the time-consuming identification of a process window leading to quasi fully dense parts (> 99.8%), usually based on trials and errors. As some metal powders may be very expensive, and therefore not suitable for a whole battery of tests, a method to infer optimal parameters from one material to another would be highly beneficial. In this study, we use bronze as a test material for optimizing SLM parameters, before translating these parameters to red gold and 316 L steel. The concept of normalized enthalpy is used to take into account the differences in thermal and optical properties among the different materials. A translation rule is derived for the prediction of optimal processing conditions, based on the ones found for the test material. One important input for this translation rule is the powder absorptivity, which is measured at the appropriate laser wavelength and at room temperature. This approach eventually leads to the highest reported density for an additive manufactured 18-carat gold alloy (99.81% relative density), to the authors' knowledge. Finite element (FEM) simulations justify the translation rule formulation by showing the importance of the laser/powder interactions during the SLM process, leading to a finite penetration depth of the laser in the powder bed due to multiple reflections. The FEM calculations indicate that a significant part of the laser energy is directly absorbed by the powder during the manufacturing process when operating in near-optimal conditions.