gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Compact MOSFET Model HiSIM2 Based on Surface Potentials with a Minimum Number of Approximation (2006)

The compact MOSFET-model development trend leads to models based on the channel surface potential, allowing higher accuracy and a reduced number of model parameters. Among these only HiSIM solves the surface potentials with an ecient, physically correct iteration procedure, avoiding additional approximations without any computer run-time penalty. It is further demonstrated that excellent model accuracy for higher-order phenomena, which is a prerequisite for accurate RF circuit simulation, is achieved by HiSIM without any new model parameters in addition to those for describing the I-V characteristics.
Cyber Physical Security Solutions for Pervasive Health Monitoring Systems (2012)

With a rapidly aging population, the healthcare community will soon face severe medical personnel shortage and rising costs. Pervasive Health Monitoring Systems (PHMS) can help alleviate this situation. PHMS provides continuous real-time monitoring of a person’s health using a (usually wireless) network of medical and ambient sensors/devices on the host (patients), called Body Area Networks (BANs). The sensitive nature of health information collected by PHMS mandates that patient’s privacy be protected by securing the medical data from any unauthorized access. The authors’ approach for addressing these issues focuses on a key observation that PHMS are cyber-physical systems (CPS). Cyber-physical systems are networked, computational platforms, deeply embedded in specific physical processes for monitoring and actuation purposes. In this work, they therefore present a novel perspective on securing PHMS, called Cyber Physical Security (CYPSec) solutions. CYPSec solutions are environmentally-coupled security solutions, which operate by combining traditional security primitives along with environmental features. Its use results in not only secure operation of a system but also the emergence of additional “allied” properties which enhance its overall capabilities. The principal focus of this chapter is the development of a new security approach for PHMS called CYPsec that leverages their cyber-physical nature. The authors illustrate the design issues and principals of CYPSec through two specific examples of this generic approach: (a) Physiological Signal based key Agreement (PSKA) is designed to enable automated key agreement between sensors in the BAN based on physiological signals from the body; and (b) Criticality Aware Access Control (CAAC) which has the ability to provide controlled opening of the system for emergency management. Further, they also discuss aspects such as altered threat-model, increased complexity, non-determinism, and mixed critical systems, that must be addressed to make CYPSec a reality.
Some Directions for Performance Improvement of Li-Ion Batteries out of Usual Paths (2016)

International audience
Alternative EUVL resist processes for stochastic defect reduction (2020)

Investigations on the application of aqueous ethyltrimethylammonium hydroxide (ETMAH) as an alternative developer solution for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) were carried out. Utilizing a widely-used chemically amplified resist, it was found that the ETMAH developer solution has no negative impact on lithographic performance; resolution, line width / line edge roughness, and sensitivity (compared to the de facto standard aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide or TMAH). Stochastic defectivity analysis was performed by considering the effect of line-break (in the overdose region) and line-bridge defects (in the underdose region), on exposure latitude (<i>EL</i><sub>X</sub>) and critical dimension or CD margin (<i>CDM</i><sub>X</sub>). Results show that the ETMAH improves <i>EL</i><sub>X</sub> and <i>CDM</i><sub>X</sub> by around 10% and 5%, respectively at a lower developer solution concentration of 0.20N. These results confirmed the capability of the ETMAH in reducing resist-based stochastic defects, demonstrating its potential as an alternative developer solution for EUVL.
Improving magnetic field gradient coils for NMR imaging (1989)

A general method of designing magnetic field gradient coils for NMR imaging is suggested and developed. The method utilises a combination of exact calculations for infinite continuous current sheets with a series expansion method to analyse finite discrete models of the continuous case. The method is applied to two orientations for coils on a cylindrical form resulting in improvements of existing gradient coil designs.
Memantine Protects Hippocampal Neuronal Function in Murine Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Encephalitis (2004)

Memantine, a low-to-moderate-affinity NMDA receptor antagonist, can be used to treat cognitive impairment associated with Alzheimer's disease. However, its potential neuroprotective effects for human immunodeficiency virus type 1-associated (HIV-1-associated) dementia are less well appreciated. To this end we studied hippocampal synaptic function in a severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse model of HIV-1 encephalitis (HIVE). Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) infected with HIV-1(ADA) were injected stereotactically into the caudate and putamen of SCID mice, generating HIVE. These brain subregions are among those most affected in humans. Impaired synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) were detected in the CA1 region of hippocampal brain slices of HIVE mice. Memantine-treated HIVE mice showed significant improvements in synaptic function during frequency facilitation tests and LTP induced by high-frequency stimulation when compared with untreated animals. Immunocytochemical measures of neuronal antigens mirrored the neuronal physiological tests. These results demonstrate that memantine attenuates hippocampal synaptic impairment in murine HIVE and provide a rationale for its use in infected humans who experience cognitive decline.
Wide Beamwidth and High Gain Reflection Pattern Design Method for Intelligent Reflecting Surface (2023)

The Intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently been attracting attention as a solution for coverage hole problems in mobile communication areas. Since the reflection range of the IRS depends on each direction and beamwidth of the IRS, the half-power beamwidth (HPBW) becomes an important parameter to reflect signals to user equipment widely distributed in the coverage hole. On the other hand, the reflection power decreases as the HPBW increases. Therefore, the design of the reflection pattern with appropriate HPBW is important to reflect sufficient signals to the desired range. Although the conventional reflection pattern design method, which divides the IRS into sub-IRSs with different reflection directions and synthesizes each reflection power, achieves a wide beamwidth of IRS, the reflection power is decreased due to the interference between the reflection power of each sub-IRS. In addition, the relationship between the HPBW and the reflection direction of each sub-IRS is not clarified. To solve this problem, we (1) propose the reflection phase optimization method to avoid the interference of each sub-IRS. We also (2) derive the relationship between the reflection HPBW and the gain of IRS. We (3) verify the validity of the proposed method through numerical analysis. In addition, we (4) verify that the proposed method achieves wide HPBW with high gain through experimental analysis. As the results show, the proposed method achieves about 1 dB reflection power enhancement. In addition, the proposed method can achieve HPBW up to 40 degrees of the IRS with the size of 50 wavelengths.
Analysis of the Fresnel field of a double diffraction system in the case of two amplitude diffraction gratings under partially coherent illumination (1997)

A theoretical analysis of the Fresnel field observed behind one or two binary amplitude gratings with different transmission parameters illuminated by a beam that is in part spatially and temporally coherent is presented. A mathematical model of the moire´-fringe-based optoelectronic transducer is developed. Suggestions for the design of a transducer with reduced manufacturing tolerances are presented and experimentally corroborated.
Paired heavy and light chain signatures contribute to potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralization in public antibody responses (2021)

A molecular study of IGHV3-53/3-66 public antibody responses reveals critical heavy and light chain features for potent neutralizationCryo-EM analyses detail the structure of a novel public antibody class member, antibody 910-30, in complex with SARS-CoV-2 spike trimerCryo-EM data reveal that 910-30 can both bind assembled trimer and can disassemble the SARS-CoV-2 spikeSequence-structure-function signatures defined for IGHV3-53/3-66 class antibodies including both heavy and light chainsIGHV3-53/3-66 class precursors have a prevalence of 1:44,000 B cells in healthy human antibody repertoires.
Cell-Sweeping: A New Paradigm for Cells Deployment in Radio Access Networks (2022)

Good network coverage is an important element of Quality of Service (QoS) provision that mobile cellular operators aim to provide. The established requirements for the existing Fifth Generation (5G) and the emerging scenarios for upcoming Sixth Generation (6G) cellular communication technologies highly depend on the coverage quality that the network is able to provide. In addition, some proposed 5G solutions such as densification, are complex, costly, and tend to degrade network coverage due to increased interference which is critical for the cell-edge performance. In this direction, we present a novel concept of cell-sweeping for coverage enhancement in cellular networks. One of the main objectives behind this mechanism relies on overcoming the cell-edge problem which directly translates into better network coverage. In sequence, the concept operation is introduced and compared to the conventional static cell scenarios. These comparisons target mostly the benefits at the cell-edge locations. Additionally, the use of schedulers that take advantage of the sweeping system is expected to extend the cell-edge benefits to the entire network. This is observed when deploying cell-sweeping with the Proportional Fair (PF) scheduler. A 5<sup>th</sup>-percentile improvement of 125% and an average throughput increase of 35% were obtained through system level simulations. The preliminary results presented in this paper suggest that cell-sweeping can be adopted as an emerging technology for future Radio Access Network (RAN) deployments.
MicroRNAs: Novel Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Human Cancers (2018)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) constitute a large family of small, approximately 20&ndash;22-nucleotide, non-coding RNAs that are involved in gene regulation, mainly at the post-transcriptional level. Multiple lines of evidence have indicated that miRNAs play important roles in the maintenance of biological homeostasis and that aberrant expression levels of miRNAs are involved in the onset of many diseases, including cancer. In various types of cancer, miRNAs play important roles in tumor initiation and development. Recently, miRNAs have been demonstrated to also be secreted via small endosome-derived vesicles called exosomes&mdash;which are derived from multiple cell types&mdash;including immunocytes and cancer cells. Exosomal miRNAs exert important functions in cell-to-cell communication and have been investigated as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers. This Special Issue of the <em>Journal of Clinical Medicine</em> will cover the following important aspects of miRNA functions in cancer biology: <ul> <li>Biosynthesis of miRNA and its roles in gene regulation;</li> <li>Roles of miRNA in cancer biology, including</li> </ul> 1) Roles of miRNA in tumor initiation and development, 2) Roles of miRNA in drug resistance, 3) Roles of miRNA in metastasis; <ul> <li>Therapeutic potential of miRNAs for cancer therapy;</li> <li>Roles of circulating miRNAs in cancer development;</li> <li>Expression levels/profiles of body fluid miRNAs for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic responses;</li> <li>Novel and efficient miRNA delivery methods and their applications in cancer therapy.</li> </ul>
Anisotropic longitudinal electronic relaxation affects DNP at cryogenic temperatures (2017)

We report the observation of anisotropic longitudinal electronic relaxation in nitroxide radicals under typical dynamic nuclear polarization conditions. This anisotropy affects the efficiency of dynamic nuclear polarization at cryogenic temperatures of 4 K and high magnetic fields of 6.7 T. Under our experimental conditions, the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of nitroxides such as TEMPOL (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl) is only partly averaged by electronic spectral diffusion, so that the relaxation times T<sub>1e</sub>(ω) vary across the spectrum. We demonstrate how the anisotropy of T<sub>1e</sub>(ω) can be taken into account in simple DNP models.
Development and challenges of LiFePO4cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (2010)

The olivine LiFePO4 now stands as a competitive candidate of cathode material for the next generation of a green and sustainable lithium-ion battery system due to its long life span, abundant resources, low toxicity, and high thermal stability. In this review, we focus on LiFePO4 and discuss its structure, synthesis, electrochemical behavior, mechanism, and the problems encountered in its application. The major goal is to highlight some recent development of LiFePO4 with high rate capability, high energy density, and excellent cyclability resulting from conductive coating, nanocrystallization, or preparation.
Throughput Analysis of Diversity and Multiplexing Schemes for MIMO-SIC OFDM systems (2006)

In wireless communications, different schemes for multiple antennas may be applied in order to achieve high data rates through spatial multiplexing (SM) or reliability through spatial diversity. In this paper, we analyze the throughput achieved by SM and quasi-orthogonal space-time block codes (QSTBC) using a successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector at the receiver. The structure of the feedback filter matrix R is analyzed and closed form expressions for the error probability for zero-forcing SIC detection are derived. We verify the theoretical results by numerical simulations. Furthermore, we show that SM provide a better balance between spectral efficiency and spatial diversity than QSTBC.
Abstract 1831: Interrogating HER2+ plasticity and lapatinib resistance with MicroEnvironment MicroArrays (2014)

Abstract Treatment of HER2+ breast cancer with the targeted therapeutic lapatinib has shown promising results, but faces the major obstacles of de novo and acquired resistance in clinical use. Much of this resistance can be attributed to intratumoral heterogeneity, giving rise to drug resistant cell populations. An important factor of intratumoral heterogeneity is spatial heterogeneity of cancer cells, which results in differential contact with extra cellular matrix (ECM) proteins, stromal cells, and growth factors and signaling molecules within the tumor microenvironment. This can variably alter the intracellular signaling network of cancer cells, modulating cellular plasticity and drug response. To assess the effect cellular interactions with the microenvironment has on lapatinib resistance, we are utilizing MicroEnvironment MicroArrays (MEMA), which consist of combinations of functional ECMs, growth factors, and cytokines printed onto a solid surface, allowing for the simultaneous interrogation of thousands of unique microenvironments in a single assay. We have grown HER2+ breast cancer cells on the MEMA spots, treated with lapatinib, and measured functional response to each protein combination by immunofluorescent assay and high throughput image acquisition and analysis. By focusing on markers of proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular subtype differentiation, we have identified protein combinations that confer resistance to lapatinib. One of the combinations that came out of this preliminary screen is the desmosome protein Desmoglein II and the growth factor HGF, which continued to drive proliferation of HER2+ cells in the presence of lapatinib. Validation experiments found that on their own these two proteins could modulate the differentiation status of HER2+ cells, and combined to provide resistance to lapatinib treatment in traditional cell culture assays. In addition, the extent of drug resistance provided by protein interaction was found to be strongly linked to the differentiation status of the HER2+ cells. Both HGF and Desmoglein II are reported to be important in the progression of breast cancer, but their effect in combination is a novel finding from the use of MEMA analysis. We plan to utilize RNAseq analysis to inform a probabilistic computational model of network signaling to determine what pathways are enhanced by the microenvironment factors, and siRNA knockdown or small molecule inhibitors of identified pathway nodes can then determine which interactions can be targeted to restore drug sensitivity. Citation Format: Spencer Watson, James Korkola, Juha Rantala, Joe Gray. Interrogating HER2+ plasticity and lapatinib resistance with MicroEnvironment MicroArrays. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1831. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1831
Shoulder activity level varies by diagnosis (2009)

Patient activity level may be an important prognostic variable relating to outcome in patients with shoulder disorders. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to test the hypothesis that a shoulder activity scale will detect differences in shoulder activity based on the patient diagnosis and age. A total of 157 patients of four academic orthopedic surgeons with a diagnosis of rotator cuff disease (86), glenohumeral instability (31) or osteoarthritis (40) were asked to fill out a previously validated shoulder activity scale and the ASES shoulder questionnaire. The patient's diagnosis, gender and age were recorded. The activity level was significantly higher in patients with instability than in patients with rotator cuff disease or osteoarthritis. Patients with rotator cuff disease were significantly more active than patients with osteoarthritis. Linear regression of activity level on patient age and diagnosis demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between activity level and both independent variables. Diagnosis influenced activity level independent of age. This is the first study to document diagnosis-based differences in the shoulder activity level of patients with different shoulder disorders. Shoulder activity level should be evaluated as a prognostic variable in studies of patients with shoulder disorders that may predict outcome and guide treatment in these patients.
Gate-reflectometry dispersive readout and coherent control of a spin qubit in silicon (2019)

Silicon spin qubits have emerged as a promising path to large-scale quantum processors. In this prospect, the development of scalable qubit readout schemes involving a minimal device overhead is a compelling step. Here we report the implementation of gate-coupled rf reflectometry for the dispersive readout of a fully functional spin qubit device. We use a p-type double-gate transistor made using industry-standard silicon technology. The first gate confines a hole quantum dot encoding the spin qubit, the second one a helper dot enabling readout. The qubit state is measured through the phase response of a lumped-element resonator to spin-selective interdot tunneling. The demonstrated qubit readout scheme requires no coupling to a Fermi reservoir, thereby offering a compact and potentially scalable solution whose operation may be extended above 1 K.
Turbulent structures in an optimal Taylor–Couette flow between concentric counter-rotating cylinders (2017)

The turbulent structures formed in a Taylor–Couette (TC) flow established between two concentric counter-rotating cylinders were explored numerically. The shear Reynolds number was set to Re shear = 8000 and the radius ratio was set to ri /ro = 0.5. An optimal flow corresponding to the maximal angular velocity transport between the cylinders was selected for the TC flow. The mean velocity profile reached its steepest value near the cylinders in the optimal TC flow. The streamwise velocity correlations at the outer cylinder in the gap exceeded those at the inner cylinder. The large convective transport of angular velocity in the gap generated a maximal angular velocity flux to achieve the optimal flow. The angular velocity flux generated by the momentum source exceeded that generated by the momentum sink. The vorticity dispersion was larger near the inner cylinder than near the outer cylinder, but vorticity stretching near the outer cylinder exceeded than that near the inner cylinder. The skin friction coefficient budgets were plotted using the velocity–vorticity correlation. The vortex stretching contributions dominated the skin friction budgets. The area near the inner cylinder was populated by stronger vortices, but their population density was smaller than the population density of the vortices near the outer cylinder. The probability density functions of the wall-normal and streamwise velocity fluctuations delineated the presence of the large wall-normal velocity fluctuations near the outer cylinder.
Determining Adjuvant Activity on T-Cell Function In Vivo: Th Cells (2009)

Adjuvants constitute a critical component in vaccine development in terms of both stimulating and directing immune responses of a suitable profile to promote protection against a diverse range of disease targets. In the past, the field of adjuvant research was mainly dominated by empirical testing and serendipity. However, there is a strong need to develop new generations of adjuvants based on rational design, as well as a requirement to characterise and comprehend their mechanism(s) of action. Adjuvant development can be characterised as an iterative process where potential candidates are repeatedly tested in vitro and in vivo for immunogenicity and optimised in terms of formulation and delivery. Novel lead candidates of adjuvants with a suitable immunological profile relative to specific disease targets are subsequently selected and evaluated in efficacy studies. A central aspect in such a development and selection process is to determine the adjuvant activity on T-cell function in vivo. Expanding our knowledge on these mechanisms will improve our chance of developing new successful vaccines designed to target specific diseases.
Process simulation for recombinant protein production: Cost estimation and sensitivity analysis for heparinase I expressed inEscherichia coli (1997)

Heparinase I from flavobacterium heparinum has several potential clinical applications; the resulting high demands on protein purity and quantity can be met by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli. Based on laboratory scale experiments with insoluble heparinase I expression followed by renaturation, a process for production of 3 kg/year of heparinase I was designed. We present a comparative analysis of the production costs of soluble and insoluble heparinase I expression, as well as a generalized approach to sensitivity analysis, based on perturbation around a base case design scenario. This may assist focusing further development on process steps for which improvements both are feasible and result in significant cost saving.