gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Methodology for Condition-Based Maintenance in a Large-Scale Application Field (2018)

This paper describes a methodology, developed by the authors, for condition monitoring and diagnostics of several critical components in the large-scale applications with machines. For industry, the main target of condition monitoring is to prevent the machine stopping suddenly and thus avoid economic losses due to lack of production. Once the target is reached at a local level, usually through an R&amp;D project, the extension to a large-scale market gives rise to new goals, such as low computational costs for analysis, easily interpretable results by local technicians, collection of data from worldwide machine installations, and the development of historical datasets to improve methodology, etc. This paper details an approach to condition monitoring, developed together with a multinational corporation, that covers all the critical points mentioned above.
A neurotrophic approach to treating hearing loss: Translation from animal models to clinical proof-of-concept (2022)

Currently, there are no approved medicines available for the treatment of hearing loss. However, research over the past two decades has contributed to a growing understanding of the pathological mechanisms in the cochlea that result in hearing difficulties. The concept that a loss of the synapses connecting inner hair cells with the auditory nerve (cochlear synaptopathy) contributes to hearing loss has gained considerable attention. Both animal and human post-mortem studies support the idea that these synapses (ribbon synapses) are highly vulnerable to noise, ototoxicity, and the aging process. Their degeneration has been suggested as an important factor in the speech-in-noise difficulties commonly experienced by those suffering with hearing loss. Neurotrophins such as brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have the potential to restore these synapses and provide improved hearing function. OTO-413 is a sustained exposure formulation of BDNF suitable for intratympanic administration that in preclinical models has shown the ability to restore ribbon synapses and provide functional hearing benefit. A phase 1/2 clinical trial with OTO-413 has provided initial proof-of-concept for improved speech-in-noise hearing performance in subjects with hearing loss. Key considerations for the design of this clinical study, including aspects of the speech-in-noise assessments, are discussed.
Thrombasthenic Platelets Do Not Bind Plasma Fibronectin (1981)

Plasma fibronectin (fn) binds to thrombin-stimulated normal platelets and may thus contribute to platelet participation in hemostasis. Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia is an inherited bleeding disorder in which the affected platelets do not aggregate in response to thrombin or other stimuli and have diminished ability to retract clots. To evaluate the ability of thrombasthenic platelets to bind fn, suspensions of gel filtered platelets and 2nM 125I fn were incubated at 37°C in the presence or absence of 2 units/ml purified human thrombin. At various times, cells were centrifuged through 20% sucrose in microfuge tubes and bound 125I fn measured in amputated tube tip. In the case of normal cells, in the presence of thrombin, there was time dependent uptake, plateauing by 20 min incubation. At equilibrium, greater than 95% of binding was saturable, and Scatchard plots indicated a single class of binding sites with Kd = 3×l0-7 M and a maximum of 120,000 molecules/platelet. No binding was observed in the absence of thrombin. In contrast, platelets from 7 thrombasthenic individuals from 4 unrelated kindreds showed little or no detectable uptake of fn in the presence or absence of thrombin even after a 60 min incubation. Nevertheless, thrombin did induce serotonin secretion from these cells, showing that stimulation was occurring. Thrombasthenic platelets are defective in their ability to bind fibrinogen in the presence of ADP. These data indicate a defect in platelet interaction with another plasma protein in this disease. They also suggest the possibility that deficient fn-platelet interaction contributes to the thrombasthenic bleeding diathesis.
An impedance and power flow measurement system suitable for on-wafer microwave device large-signal characterization (2010)

A reflection based and thru-less de-embedding technique for impedance and absolute power flow measurements suitable for on-wafer large-signal characterization of microwave transistors is proposed. The developed system was tested for both 50 Ω and non-50 Ω terminated passive and active devices and the results obtained are compared with those obtained with commercial instruments. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2010.
Table S3 from Mechanism-Based Epigenetic Chemosensitization Therapy of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S3 - PDF file 138K, mRNA qPCR and SMAD1 massARRAY primer&lt;/p&gt;
Gemcitabine and Chk1 Inhibitor AZD7762 Synergistically Suppress the Growth of Lkb1-Deficient Lung Adenocarcinoma (2017)

Cells lacking the tumor suppressor gene <i>LKB1/STK11</i> alter their metabolism to match the demands of accelerated growth, leaving them highly vulnerable to stress. However, targeted therapy for LKB1-deficient cancers has yet to be reported. In both <i>Kras/p53/Lkb1</i> cell lines and a genetically engineered mouse model of <i>Kras/p53/Lkb1</i>-induced lung cancer, much higher rates of DNA damage occur, resulting in increased dependence on Chk1 checkpoint function. Here we demonstrate that short-term treatment with the Chk1 inhibitor AZD7762 reduces metabolism in pembrolizumab tumors, synergizing with the DNA-damaging drug gemcitabine to reduce tumor size in these models. Our results offer preclinical proof of concept for use of a Chk1 inhibitor to safely enhance the efficacy of gemcitabine, particularly in aggressive KRAS-driven LKB1-deficient lung adenocarcinomas. <i>Cancer Res; 77(18); 5068-76. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Effects of the Anti-VEGF Monoclonal Antibody Bevacizumab in a Preclinical Model and in Patients With Refractory and Multiple Relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma (2009)

No curative treatment is currently available for refractory or relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) after high-dose chemotherapy. Thus, new drugs with different modes of action are needed. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a key regulator of tumor-angiogenesis, is elevated in sera of patients with HL. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells also express the growth-stimulating VEGF-R2 receptor suggesting that VEGF could contribute to the pathophysiology of this malignancy. We investigated the effects of the humanized anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab (BV) against human HL xenografts in severe combined immune deficiency mice and in a compassionate use program in HL patients with multiple relapsed and progressive diseases. After a 4-week run-in phase of single agent BV, combined gemcitabine and BV therapy was administered. In the animal model, BV delayed the growth of HL tumors significantly (P=0.0004). Out of 5 patients included, BV alone had biologic effects as determined by tumor size, blood flow, fluorodeoxyglucose-uptake, and serum markers CCL17/thymus and activation-related chemokine, and sCD30 in 4 patients. The combination of BV and gemcitabine led to partial or complete remission in 3 of 5 patients. Accordingly, VEGF deprivation by the anti-VEGF antibody BV has antitumor activity in established HL tumors in a preclinical model. Furthermore, BV single agent therapy has biologic effects in HL patients indicating clinical activity. On the basis of these results, a prospective clinical study has been initiated to further investigate the impact of this antiangiogenic approach in HL.
Enabling Enhanced Emission and Low Threshold Lasing of Organic Molecules Using Special Fano Resonances of Macroscopic Photonic Crystals (2014)

We present a novel optofluidic platform comprising organic molecules in solution suspended on photonic crystal slabs. Through macroscopic Fano resonances provided, enhanced spontaneous emission and low-threshold lasing of organic molecules were observed and theoretically analyzed.
Synthesis and Structural Optimization of 2,7,9-Trisubstituted purin-8-ones as FLT3-ITD Inhibitors (2022)

Therapy of FLT3-positive acute myeloid leukemia still remains complicated, despite the availability of newly approved kinase inhibitors. Various strategies to avoid the reduced efficacy of therapy have been explored, including the development of dual targeting compounds, which inhibit FLT3 and another kinase necessary for the survival and proliferation of AML cells. We have designed new 2,7,9-trisubstituted 8-oxopurines as FLT3 inhibitors and report here the structure-activity relationship studies. We demonstrated that substituents at positions 7 and 9 modulate activity between CDK4 and FLT3 kinase, and the isopropyl group at position 7 substantially increased the selectivity toward FLT3 kinase, which led to the discovery of compound <b>15a</b> (9-cyclopentyl-7-isopropyl-2-((4-(piperazin-1-yl)phenyl)amino)-7,9-dihydro-8<i>H</i>-purin-8-one). Cellular analyses in MV4-11 cells revealed inhibition of autophosphorylation of FLT3 kinase in nanomolar doses, including the suppression of downstream STAT5 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. We also describe mechanistic studies in cell lines and activity in a mouse xenograft model in vivo.
Nonpulmonary Vein Foci: (2003)

Though the majority of foci triggering atrial fibrillation (AF) have been mapped to the pulmonary veins (PV), recurrence of paroxysmal AF after isolation of all four pulmonary veins indicates the presence of other foci. In a series of 160 consecutive patients who underwent PV ablation, endocardial mapping of AF and ectopy recurring after PV isolation was performed. Thirty-six patients (24%) had a total of 85 non-PV foci; 39 were mapped to the ostia of ablated PVs, 30 to the posterior left atrium (LA), 5 to other parts of the LA, 5 to the right atrium (RA), 4 to the coronary sinus (CS), and 3 to the superior vena cava (SVC) (including one persistent left SVC). Mapping was confirmed by successful ablation. At least 16 foci could not be localized and after a follow-up of 8 +/- 6 months, 68% of patients were free of AF without any antiarrhythmic treatment. The occurrence of non-PV foci correlated with recurrence of AF, perhaps as a correlate of insufficient ostial ablation. These data reinforce the requirement for more proximal disconnection of the PVs by performing ablation within the LA. In patients with non-PV foci that are difficult to map conventionally, the use of surface ECG data, or multielectrode contact or noncontact mapping arrays, or substrate modifying/excluding ablation may be helpful in ablating these foci and therefore eliminating AF.
<title>Character segmentation and thresholding in low-contrast scene images</title> (1996)

We are developing a portable text-to-speech system for the vision impaired. The input image is acquired with a lightweight CCD camera that may be poorly focused and aimed, and perhaps taken under inadequate and uneven illumination. We therefore require efficient and effective thresholding and segmentation methods which are robust with respect to character contrast, font, size, and format. In this paper, we present a fast thresholding scheme which combines a local variance measure with a logical stroke-width method. An efficient post- thresholding segmentation scheme utilizing Fisher's linear discriminant to distinguish noise and character components functions as an effective pre-processing step for the application of commercial segmentation and character recognition methods. The performance of this fast new method compared favorably with other methods for the extraction of characters from uncontrolled illumination, omnifont scene images. We demonstrate the suitability of this method for use in an automated portable reader through a software implementation running on a laptop 486 computer in our prototype device.
Studies on a murine model for evaluation of virulence ofStreptococcus suiscapsular type 2 isolates (1992)

Five different parameters, time of incubation of the culture, type of culture medium, inoculum, strain of inbred mice, and age of mice, were tested using the LD50 technique to standardize a murine model for the evaluation of the virulence of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 isolates. A model using 28 day-old mice belonging to CF1 strain appeared to give the best results. The inoculum size was the parameter most influencing the 50% lethal dose obtained with mice. Inoculation with 1-ml volume of a bacterial suspension instead of 0.1 or 0.5 ml decreased the LD50. The standardized model was used to evaluate the virulence of some isolates of known pathogenicity for pigs. The minimum lethal dose was used in the model and it appeared that the virulence of Streptococcus suis capsular type 2 isolates can be measured from highly virulent to totally avirulent.
Genomic Epidemiology ofVibrio choleraeO1 Associated with Floods, Pakistan, 2010 (2014)

At least 2 subclades coexisted that had different antimicrobial-resistance profiles and patterns of spread.
Antibody responses to two new Lactococcus lactis-produced recombinant Pfs48/45 and Pfs230 proteins increase with age in malaria patients living in the Central Region of Ghana (2017)

A significant age-dependent increase in antibody titers was observed, which suggests a vaccine targeting these antigens could be boosted during a natural infection in the field.
The Hofmann Rearrangement. IV. Kinetic Isotope Effect of N-Chlorobenzamide (1971)

Abstract Kinetic isotope effects in the Hofmann rearrangement of phenyl-1-14C and carbonyl-14C labeled N-chlorobenzamides were measured in a sodium hydroxide solution at 15°C. The observed isotope effect on the phenyl-1-carbon is k 12⁄k14=1.0456±0.0012 and that on carbonyl-carbon is k 12⁄k14=1.0447±0.0006 These results strongly support a concerted mechanism for this rearrangement. Attempts have been made to correlate the isotope effect on phenyl-1-carbon to the r-value of the linear aromatic substituent-reactivity relationship in related 1,2-rearrangements.
Titelbild: Facile and Rapid One‐Step Mass Preparation of Quantum‐Dot Barcodes (Angew. Chem. 30/2008) (2008)

Quantenpunkt-Strichcodes …︁ wurden durch einen konzentrationsgesteuerten Flussprozess erhalten. W. C. W. Chan und Mitarbeiter beschreiben in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 5659 ff., wie solche Strichcodes unter Verwendung von Quantenpunkten mit unterschiedlichen Emissionswellenlängen und -intensitäten aufgebaut werden. In einer Stufe werden robuste Strichcodes für den Parallelnachweis von Markierungen in Proteinen und Genen erhalten.
Inflammatory Monocytes and Neutrophils Regulate Streptococcus suis-Induced Systemic Inflammation and Disease but Are Not Critical for the Development of Central Nervous System Disease in a Mouse Model of Infection (2019)

<i>Streptococcus suis</i> is an important porcine bacterial pathogen and zoonotic agent responsible for sudden death, septic shock, and meningitis. These pathologies are a consequence of elevated bacterial replication leading to exacerbated and uncontrolled inflammation, a hallmark of the <i>S. suis</i> systemic and central nervous system (CNS) infections. Monocytes and neutrophils are immune cells involved in various functions, including proinflammatory mediator production. Moreover, monocytes are composed of two main subsets: shorter-lived inflammatory monocytes and longer-lived patrolling monocytes. However, regardless of their presence in blood and the fact that <i>S. suis</i>-induced meningitis is characterized by infiltration of monocytes and neutrophils into the CNS, their role during the <i>S. suis</i> systemic and CNS diseases remains unknown. Consequently, we hypothesized that monocytes and neutrophils participate in <i>S. suis</i> infection via bacterial clearance and inflammation. Results demonstrated that inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils regulate <i>S. suis</i>-induced systemic disease via their role in inflammation required for bacterial burden control. In the CNS, inflammatory monocytes contributed to exacerbation of <i>S. suis</i>-induced local inflammation, while neutrophils participated in bacterial burden control. However, development of clinical CNS disease was independent of both cell types, indicating that resident immune cells are mostly responsible for <i>S. suis</i>-induced CNS inflammation and clinical disease and that inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil infiltration is a consequence of the induced inflammation. In contrast, the implication of patrolling monocytes was minimal throughout the <i>S. suis</i> infection. Consequently, this study demonstrates that while inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils modulate <i>S. suis</i>-induced systemic inflammation and disease, they are not critical for CNS disease development.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Mediated Radical Trifluoromethylation of Unsaturated Potassium Organotrifluoroborates. (2014)

Abstract The title reaction allows a simple and mild access to a wide range of unsaturated trifluoromethylated compounds.
Comparative Study of Interior Permanent Magnet, Induction, and Switched Reluctance Motor Drives for EV and HEV Applications (2015)

With rapid electrification of transportation, it is becoming increasingly important to have a comprehensive understanding of criteria used in motor selection. This paper presents the design and comparative evaluation for an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with distributed winding and concentrated winding, induction motor (IM), and switched reluctance motor (SRM) for an electric vehicle (EV) or hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) application. A fast finite element analysis (FEA) modeling approach is addressed for IM design. To account for highly nonlinear motor parameters and achieve high motor efficiency, optimal current trajectories are obtained by extensive mapping for IPMSMs and IM. Optimal turn-ON and turn-OFF angles with current chopping control and angular position control are found for SRM. Additional comparison including noise vibration and harshness (NVH) is also highlighted. Simulation and analytical results show that each motor topology demonstrates its own unique characteristic for EVs/HEVs. Each motor's highest efficiency region is located at different torque-speed regions for the criteria defined. Stator geometry, pole/slot combination, and control strategy differentiate NVH performance.
The 2-Year Leakage Index and Quantitative Microaneurysm Results of the RECOVERY Study: Quantitative Ultra-Widefield Findings in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Treated with Intravitreal Aflibercept (2021)

Eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) have been shown to improve in the leakage index and microaneurysm (MA) count after intravitreal aflibercept (IAI) treatment. The authors investigated these changes via automatic segmentation on ultra-widefield fluorescein angiography (UWFA). Forty subjects with PDR were randomized to receive either 2 mg IAI every 4 weeks (Arm 1) or every 12 weeks (Arm 2) through Year 1. After Year 1, Arm 1 switched to quarterly IAI and Arm 2 to monthly IAI through Year 2. By Year 2, the Arm 1 leakage index decreased by 43% from Baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.03) but increased by 59% from Year 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.04). Arm 2 decreased by 61% from Baseline (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and by 31% from Year 1 (<i>p</i> = 0.12). Both cohorts exhibited a significant decline in MAs from Baseline to Year 2 (871 to 410; <i>p</i> < 0.001; 776 to 207; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively). Subjects with an improved leakage and MA count showed a more significant improvement in the Diabetic Retinopathy Severity Scale (DRSS) score. Moreover, central subfield thickness (CST) was positively associated with changes in the leakage index. In conclusion, the leakage index and MA counts significantly improved from Baseline following IAI treatment, and monthly injections provided a more rapid and sustained reduction in these parameters compared with quarterly injections.
Copolymerization of carbon monoxide and 4-vinylcyclohexene with a palladium catalyst (1997)

In this work, carbon monoxide (CO) and 4-vinylcyclohexene (VCH) with [Pd(CH3CN)4](BF4)2 were copolymerized under various conditions at 60°C. Elemental analysis and infrared, UV, and NMR spectra indicated that copolymers containing a ketone and a cyclic structure of cyclohexyl and norbornane groups are produced. Bidentate nitrogen ligands proved to be more effective at stabilizing catalytic activity than monodentate phosphorus or nitrogen ligands. Also, the bulk substituent on the bidentate ligand led to inactive catalysts. Methanol served as the coinitiator and chain transfer agent. Increasing the concentration of 4-vinylcyclohexene caused the copolymer's CO content to be enhanced. TGA revealed that the copolymer's mass loss starts at 120°C and the maximum peak of decomposition occurs at 450°C. Moreover, X-ray diffraction analysis demonstrated the copolymer to be partially crystalline. Furthermore, reduction of 4-vinylcyclohexene/CO copolymer with LiAlH4 in THF yields a hydroxyl-containing polymer. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2759–2768, 1997
Mechanical and electrical properties of poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) with various conductive fillers (2002)

Conductive or static dissipative formulations of poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK) are used widely in the microelectronics industry where excellent temperature, chemical, and abrasion resistance are required (Campbell and Tan, 1997). Previous work on PEEK for electronics handling applications has focused on the contamination aspects of carbon (C) fiber compounds (Mikkelsen, 1996). This study compares the mechanical and electrical properties of PEEK compounds that contain a variety of conductive fillers: carbon fiber, carbon powder, and stainless steel fiber.
A Tumor-Related Lymphoid Progenitor Population Supports Hierarchical Tumor Organization in Canine B-Cell Lymphoma (2011)

These results suggest the presence of a hierarchy of tumor cells in B-cell lymphoma as has been demonstrated in other cancers. These findings have the potential to impact not only the understanding of lymphoma pathogenesis but also the development of lymphoma therapies by providing novel targets for therapy.
SVD-based normalized-transformed scheme for real-time DC optical tomography (2002)

An SVD-based normalized-transformed reconstruction scheme is described as a means to achieve real-time recovery of images from time-series DC intensity data. Results from numerical and experimental studies will be presented.
Synthesis of Nucleoside Di- and Triphosphates and Dinucleoside Polyphosphates with cycloSal-Nucleotides (2009)

A new and efficient method for the synthesis of nucleoside di- and triphosphates as well as dinucleoside polyphosphates (Np(n)N') is described. 5-Acceptor-substituted (5-nitro and 5-chloro) cycloSal-nucleotides are used as starting material that were reacted with a variety of phosphate nucleophiles as pyrophosphate or nucleotides to the corresponding products in short times and very good yields. After consumption of the starting cycloSal-phosphate triester, first the protecting groups were cleaved and finally the products were isolated after RP-column chromatography. Examples are shown for all five pyrimidine and purine bases found in natural nucleosides as well as one non-natural pyrimidine base to prove that the method can be applied generally.