gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of fungi for the control ofMusca domesticain aviaries (2013)

Musca domestica is a major problem in poultry production where management has relied mostly on pesticides, which eventually have led to the development of widespread resistance in insect populations and environmental contamination. In this study, we explored the use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of houseflies in Brazil. A total of 10 isolates of different fungal pathogens were tested on the larval stages of M. domestica, which were originally derived from a commercial aviary. Among the test fungi, Metarhizium anisopliae (sensu stricto) CG46 and CG30 were the most virulent isolates, causing up to 60% mortality at day 10, but only CG46 was selected for a field trial as it attained higher sporulation on larval cadavers. A commercial product based on the M. anisopliae isolate ESALQ-1037 (Metarril®) was also field-tested using standard treatment procedures. After spraying both fungi in the aviary manure, there was a significant reduction (twofold lower) in adult density of M. domestica captured per trap compared to the control shed. Therefore, our results indicate that M. anisopliae is a promising biological control agent for M. domestica larvae, but new strategies for fungal application and appropriate formulation need to be developed to improve its effectiveness in poultry environments.
Spatial aspects of MRSA epidemiology: a case study using stochastic simulation, kernel estimation and SaTScan (2007)

The identification of disease clusters in space or space–time is of vital importance for public health policy and action. In the case of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), it is particularly important to distinguish between community and health care‐associated infections, and to identify reservoirs of infection. 832 cases of MRSA in the West Midlands (UK) were tested for clustering and evidence of community transmission, after being geo‐located to the centroids of UK unit postcodes (postal areas roughly equivalent to Zip+4 zip code areas). An age‐stratified analysis was also carried out at the coarser spatial resolution of UK Census Output Areas. Stochastic simulation and kernel density estimation were combined to identify significant local clusters of MRSA (p<0.025), which were supported by SaTScan spatial and spatio‐temporal scan. In order to investigate local sampling effort, a spatial ‘random labelling’ approach was used, with MRSA as cases and MSSA (methicillin‐sensitive S. aureus) as controls. Heavy sampling in general was a response to MRSA outbreaks, which in turn appeared to be associated with medical care environments. The significance of clusters identified by kernel estimation was independently supported by information on the locations and client groups of nursing homes, and by preliminary molecular typing of isolates. In the absence of occupational/lifestyle data on patients, the assumption was made that an individual's location and consequent risk is adequately represented by their residential postcode. The problems of this assumption are discussed, with recommendations for future data collection.
Experimental validation of 3D finite differences simulations of ultrasonic wave propagation through the skull (2002)

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound could provide a non invasive way for burning tumor located deep inside the brain. However, the skull induces strong aberrations both in phase and amplitude resulting in a spreading of the focus. Thus a efficient noninvasive therapy would require an adaptive focusing taking into account the acoustical properties of the skull. 3-D simulations based on high-resolution CT images of a human skull have been successfully performed with a 3D finite differences code, developed in our laboratory. From the skull porosity, directly extracted from the CT images, we reconstructed acoustic speed, density and absorption maps and performed the computation. Computed wavefronts are in good agreement with experimental wavefronts acquired through the same part of the skull. It shows that it is possible to model the acoustical properties of a human skull from CT images. Moreover, experimental focusing can be achieved by applying time reversal combined with amplitude compensation. Again the measured focusing pattern obtained from either experimental or computed wavefront are very close. It demonstrates the feasibility of non invasive focusing through the skull by simply using CT images.
Electron Cryo-Tomography Provides Insight into Procentriole Architecture and Assembly Mechanism (2018)

Summary Centriole is an essential structure with multiple functions in cellular processes. Centriole biogenesis and homeostasis is tightly regulated. Using electron cryo-tomography (cryoET) we present the structure of procentrioles from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii . We identified a set of non-tubulin components attached to the triplet microtubule (MT), many are at the junctions of tubules likely to reinforce the triplet. We describe structure of the A-C linker that bridges neighboring triplets. We find that POC1 is an integral component of the A-C linker. Its conserved WD40 β-propeller domain provides sites for attachment to other A-C linker components. The twist of A-C linker results in an iris diaphragm-like motion of the triplets in the longitudinal direction of procentriole. Finally, we identified two assembly intermediates at the growing ends of procentriole allowing us to propose a model for the procentriole assembly. Our results provide a comprehensive structural framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning procentriole biogenesis and assembly.
Modeling multilevel sleep transitional data via Poisson log-linear multilevel models (2009)

This paper proposes Poisson log-linear multilevel models to investigate population variability in sleep state transition rates. We specifically propose a Bayesian Poisson regression model that is more flexible, scalable to larger studies, and easily fit than other attempts in the literature. We further use hierarchical random effects to account for pairings of individuals and repeated measures within those individuals, as comparing diseased to non-diseased subjects while minimizing bias is of epidemiologic importance. We estimate essentially non-parametric piecewise constant hazards and smooth them, and allow for time varying covariates and segment of the night comparisons. The Bayesian Poisson regression is justified through a re-derivation of a classical algebraic likelihood equivalence of Poisson regression with a log(time) offset and survival regression assuming piecewise constant hazards. This relationship allows us to synthesize two methods currently used to analyze sleep transition phenomena: stratified multi-state proportional hazards models and log-linear models with GEE for transition counts. An example data set from the Sleep Heart Health Study is analyzed.
Towards Efficient Binders for Li-Ion Battery Si-Based Anodes (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Effects of Metallurgical Factors and Test Conditions on near Neutral pH SCC of Pipeline Steels (2001)

Abstract Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in near neutral pH conditions have been investigated by using notched specimens of some pipeline steels, whose strength grades cover American Petroleum Institute (API) specification 5L B to X80. These steels were manufactured by quenching and tempering (QT), thermomechanical-controlled processing (TMCP), or controlled rolling (CR). The SCC resistance of these pipeline steels were rated as follows:- X65QT was most resistant to SCC. X65TMCP and X80TMCP were also resistant, although they were more susceptible to SCC than X65QT. On the other hand, 5L B and X65CR were susceptible to SCC. 5L B was most susceptible among them. The microstructures of TMCP and QT steels were bainitic ferrite and / or bainite, while those of CR and 5L B steels were ferrite-pearlite. It can be proven that uniform microstructures, such as bainitic ferrite or bainite, are more resistant to SCC than mixed microstructures offerrite and pearlite. Effects of test conditions on SCC, hydrogen permeation, polarization and others have also been investigated. The results of this study are consistent with a hydrogen embrittlement mechanism for SCC, although sufficient information were not obtained to prove this relationship.
Programmed LWR metrology by multi-techniques approach (2018)

Nowadays, roughness control presents a huge challenge for the lithography step. For advanced nodes, this morphological aspect reaches the same order of magnitude than the Critical Dimension. Hence, the control of roughness needs an adapted metrology. In this study, specific samples with designed roughness have been manufactured using e-beam lithography. These samples have been characterized with three different methodologies: CD-SEM, OCD and SAXS. The main goal of the project is to compare the capability of each of these techniques in terms of reliability, type of information obtained, time to obtain the measurements and level of maturity for the industry.
Sputum matrix metalloproteinase-9 is associated with the degree of emphysema on computed tomography in COPD (2013)

Sputum MMP-9 concentrations in COPD are directly associated with the extent of emphysema measured by CT and MMP-9 expression levels are inversely associated with DLco. These findings support a role for MMP-9 in the pathogenesis of COPD.
Human Recombinant Butyrylcholinesterase Purified from the Milk of Transgenic Goats Interacts with Beta-Amyloid Fibrils and Suppresses Their Formation in vitro (2008)

Our findings demonstrate that rBChE interacts with Abeta fibrils and can attenuate their formation, extension and branching, suggesting further tests of rBChE, with unlimited supply and no associated health risks, as a therapeutic agent for delaying the formation of amyloid toxic oligomers in AD patients.
A Novel Strategy to Engineer Pre-Vascularized Full-Length Dental Pulp-like Tissue Constructs (2017)

Abstract The requirement for immediate vascularization of engineered dental pulp poses a major hurdle towards successful implementation of pulp regeneration as an effective therapeutic strategy for root canal therapy, especially in adult teeth. Here, we demonstrate a novel strategy to engineer pre-vascularized, cell-laden hydrogel pulp-like tissue constructs in full-length root canals for dental pulp regeneration. We utilized gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels with tunable physical and mechanical properties to determine the microenvironmental conditions (microstructure, degradation, swelling and elastic modulus) that enhanced viability, spreading and proliferation of encapsulated odontoblast-like cells (OD21), and the formation of endothelial monolayers by endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). GelMA hydrogels with higher polymer concentration (15% w/v) and stiffness enhanced OD21 cell viability, spreading and proliferation, as well as endothelial cell spreading and monolayer formation. We then fabricated pre-vascularized, full-length, dental pulp-like tissue constructs by dispensing OD21 cell-laden GelMA hydrogel prepolymer in root canals of extracted teeth and fabricating 500 µm channels throughout the root canals. ECFCs seeded into the microchannels successfully formed monolayers and underwent angiogenic sprouting within 7 days in culture. In summary, the proposed approach is a simple and effective strategy for engineering of pre-vascularized dental pulp constructs offering potentially beneficial translational outcomes.
Fiber Bragg Grating Wavelength Drift in Long-Term High Temperature Annealing (2021)

High-temperature-resistant fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are the main competitors to thermocouples as sensors in applications for high temperature environments defined as being in the 600-1200 °C temperature range. Due to their small size, capacity to be multiplexed into high density distributed sensor arrays and survivability in extreme ambient temperatures, they could provide the essential sensing support that is needed in high temperature processes. While capable of providing reliable sensing information in the short term, their long-term functionality is affected by the drift of the characteristic Bragg wavelength or resonance that is used to derive the temperature. A number of physical processes have been proposed as the cause of the high temperature wavelength drift but there is yet no credible description of this process. In this paper we review the literature related to the long-term wavelength drift of FBGs at high temperature and provide our recent results of more than 4000 h of high temperature testing in the 900-1000 °C range. We identify the major components of the high temperature wavelength drift and we propose mechanisms that could be causing them.
Inibidores de corrosão naturais - Proposta de obtenção de produtos ecologicos de baixo custo a partir de resíduos industriais (2018)

RESUMO Os inibidores naturais são obtidos a partir de extratos de plantas ou de material biodegradável e acarretam a redução da intensidade de dissolução dos metais, diminuindo a sua taxa de corrosão. Pesquisas realizadas nos últimos anos relatam que muitos vegetais apresentam, em sua constituição, compostos com ação antioxidante, principalmente polifenóis. Nesse trabalho, será apresentado o histórico do desenvolvimento de inibidores naturais a partir de extratos de frutas para aplicação em meios neutros e ácidos realizado no Laboratório de Corrosão da COPPE, Labcorr/COPPE/UFRJ. Os extratos analisados foram casca de laranja, casca de manga, casca de maracujá, casca de caju, semente de mamão e bagaço de uva. Os extratos foram obtidos por três metodologias diferentes de extração: extração por infusão, extração por gradiente de polaridade e extração hidroalcoólica. As eficiências de inibição dos extratos testados foram obtidas através de ensaios de perda de massa. O meio neutro estudado simula a composição da água dos sistemas de resfriamento industrial com elevado ciclo de concentração, com 1050 ppm de cloreto, 450 ppm de íon cálcio e 160 ppm de íon bicarbonato e com pH 7,5. Os extratos tiveram um bom desempenho nos dois meios estudados. O extrato concentrado de bagaço de uva teve a melhor eficiência de inibição nos ensaios de perda de massa em 72 horas de imersão no meio neutro, cujo valor foi 74%. A eficiência dos inibidores estudados foi mais significativa em meio de ácido clorídrico 1 mol·L-1, com eficiências superiores a 93% em 24 horas de imersão.
전립선비대증 환자에서 큰 전립선용적의 기준 (2005)

Purpose: Prostate volume (PV) is a key predictor of both the progression and response to medical therapy for the patients suffering with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). 5 alpha reductase inhibitors are effective for the patients with a large PV. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been predominantly studied as a proxy marker to estimate the PV in a Caucasian patient population. If the PV of Korean men is smaller than that of Caucasian men, then the PSA-PV may be different for Korean men as compared with the other races. We evaluated the optimal PSA cut-off point to predict the response to 5 alpha reductase inhibitors with using Korean PSA-PV equations. Materials and Methods: Patients aged between 50 and 79 years with lower urinary tract symptoms and BPH were enrolled in this multicenter study from 1999 to 2004. IPSS, PSA, uroflowmetry and TRUS measurements were performed on all the patients. We performed the computations using the logarithms of the PSA and PV. PV and PSA have an age-dependent log-linear relationship. The prediction curve was given by PV(55)=28.84x PSA0.208, PV(65)=30.36xPSA0.245, and PV(75)=30.23xPSA0.280. If a PV of 40ml was applied to these equations, then the PSA values were obtained for men in their 50s, 60s and 70s, respectively. If these PSA values were again applied to the Roehrborn's equations, then the PVs of Korean men were obtained. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the ability of the serum PSA to predict the threshold PV in the men suffering with BPH. Results: The analysis included 5,716 patients with a mean age of 64.3 years, a mean baseline PV of 36.9ml and a baseline PSA value of 2.4ng/ml. The approximate cut-off PV for the Korean men was 35ml. The ROC curve analysis revealed that PSA had good predictive value for the PV cut-off point (35ml) from the Korean PSA-PV equations. The approximate agespecific criteria for detecting Korean men with a PV exceeding 35ml are a PSA ＞1.2ng/ml, ＞1.6ng/m, and ＞2.0ng/ml for the men with BPH who are in their 50s, 60s and 70s, respectively. Conclusions: The PSA-PV relationship in Korean men shows that Korean men have a lower PSA and a smaller PV than Caucasians. The PV of Korean men corresponding to a PV of 40ml for Caucasians was approximately 35ml. (Korean J Urol 2005;46:1246-1250)\nKey Words: Benign prostatic hyperplasia, Prostate-specific antigen, Prostate volume
TVF: A Metric for Quantifying Vulnerability Against Hardware Trojan Attacks (2023)

The need for metrics for quantifying trustworthiness of electronic hardware against diverse threats on its integrity and confidentiality has greatly increased due to the increasing reliance on the untrusted global supply chain. Hardware Trojans, or malicious design alterations, has emerged as a major threat to hardware integrity and garnered significant interest in recent times due to its catastrophic potential. Effective protection against hardware Trojan attacks, however, requires well-defined metrics, which fall into two broad classes: 1) measure of a design’s vulnerability to Trojan insertion and 2) measure of effectiveness of a defense solution—a design or verification/test approach—against Trojan attacks, which is often represented as Trojan coverage. The former is important to assess the level of difficulty an adversary would encounter to insert a hard-to-detect Trojan. Previous efforts have assigned vulnerability as a function of the number of suspect nets identified in a design or are required to enumerate a subspace of Trojans. However, these values simplify the problem of hardware Trojan insertion and leave much of the subsequent analysis regarding the viable Trojan space unmeasured. In this article, we address this critical gap by presenting Trojan vulnerability factor ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TVF</i> ), a metric for quantifying a design’s vulnerability to Trojan insertion via maximal clique analysis. With such analysis, we can frame the threat to more accurately represent the Trojan behavior and quantify the level of effort required for a designer to cover these Trojan triggers without needing to directly consider Trojan trigger sizes. We also introduce soft thresholding to account for suspect nets, which lie at the boundary of a design. Experimental results highlight the benefits of the proposed approach over existing Trojan vulnerability metrics. Finally, we demonstrate scalability to large designs through partitioning and clique sampling-based estimations.
Experimental and numerical studies of microwave power redistribution during thermal runaway (2013)

Plasma-assisted heating of Al2O3 is used to study power redistribution during thermal runaway when two samples are simultaneously heated in a microwave cavity. It is observed that thermal runaway in one of the samples completely suppresses the power availability to the other, demonstrating that thermal runaway in one region of the cavity acts as a “sink” for microwave power. Similar effects were observed during localized thermal runaway in a spatially extended single sample. Experimental trends were explored numerically by calculating the temperature evolution T (t) when one of the samples undergoes thermal runaway. Numerical investigation qualitatively captures the essential feature that thermal instability in one sample rapidly decreases the temperature of the second sample in agreement with the experimental observation. Experimental and numerical results as well as practical implications are discussed in the context of microwave processing of materials.
Acute Surgical Management of Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformations (1994)

The majority of intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) do not require acute surgical intervention. Some patients, however, require emergent surgical treatment because of a profound neurological deterioration from a mass effect. We report 10 patients who underwent emergency AVM surgery after experiencing neurological deterioration from an intracranial hemorrhage. Two patients bled spontaneously, whereas eight had an intracranial hemorrhage secondary to an embolization procedure. When the patients demonstrated neurological deterioration, they were intubated, hyperventilated, and underwent osmotic diuresis. Barbiturate anesthesia was initiated, and surgery was performed within 30 minutes in most cases. The hematomas were evacuated, and an attempt was made to excise the AVMs at the same time. Postoperatively, intracranial pressure was monitored, and barbiturate coma was maintained until the intracranial pressure returned to normal. Cerebral perfusion pressure was maintained above 55 mm Hg. The operation was confined to evacuating the hematoma in two patients with inoperable AVMs. The other eight patients underwent concomitant total AVM resection. Because of the severity of neurological deterioration, one patient who bled spontaneously underwent surgery based only on a computed tomographic scan of the brain. Nine patients made a good-to-excellent recovery. One patient with a large motor-strip AVM remained hemiplegic. We conclude that in patients presenting with profound neurological deterioration after a spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage or one associated with an embolization procedure, prompt hematoma evacuation with simultaneous AVM excision as well as perioperative intracranial pressure control with mannitol and barbiturates can yield a good-to-excellent outcome.
12.1: Invited Paper : Quantum Dots: The Ultimate Down‐Conversion Material for LCD Displays (2014)

Abstract Assuming large color gamut and therefore better color reproducibility will be a highly desired feature of all displays as we look to the near future, we make the case in this paper that Quantum Dots (QDs) are currently the down‐conversion technology of choice that will allow liquid crystal display (LCD) makers to cost‐effectively reach and exceed 100% of the NTSC (National Television Standard Committee) standard while achieving maximum system efficiency. We will discuss in detail the numerous fundamental advantages of QDs over phosphors, along with their scientific origins, and make the case that QDs are the ultimate light generating material for next‐generation displays.
EMI noise prediction for electronic ballasts (2008)

The design of EMI-filters for converter systems is usually based on measurements with a prototype in the final stages of the design process. Predicting the conducted electromagnetic (EM) noise spectrum of a converter by simulation in an early stage has the potential to save time/cost and to investigate different noise reduction methods, which could e.g. influence the layout or the design of the control IC. Therefore, the main sources of conducted differential mode (DM) and common mode (CM) noise of electronic ballasts are identified in this paper. For each source, the noise spectrum is calculated and a noise propagation model is presented. There, also the influence of the LISN and the test receiver is included. Based on the presented models noise spectrums are calculated and validated by measurements.