gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the space group of aluminium oxynitride spinel (1990)

Abstract In view of the controversy surrounding the crystal symmetry of spinels, an aluminium oxynitride phase reported to be based on the spinel structure has been investigated using convergent beam electron diffraction (CBED) and computer simulation. A variety of CBED point and space group determination methods have been utilized in search of possible non-centrosymmetry which reduces the space group symmetry from Fd3m to F43m. The occurrence of Gj⊘nnes-Moodie (GM) lines in the debated {2 0 0} reflections is also explored through careful voltage variation experiments. The detailed analyses clearly show that the point group of this spinel is the centrosymmetric m3m and that the space group is Fd3m.
Using Data Mining to Help Design Sustainable Products (2011)

Data mining techniques make it possible to automate product life-cycle assessment with reasonable accuracy, even in cases of low-quality inventory data.
Figure S3 from Impaired Death Receptor Signaling in Leukemia Causes Antigen-Independent Resistance by Inducing CAR T-cell Dysfunction (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Persistent exposure to WT leukemia causes progressive CART19 dysfunction.&lt;/p&gt;
Inorganic Oxide Scintillators (2022)

A wide variety of inorganic scintillators such as single crystals, polycrystalline ceramics, and glasses have been developed depending on their application. This chapter briefly describes synthesis and properties of oxide scintillators. Most of the practical single crystalline scintillators are grown by the Czochralski (CZ) method or the Bridgman–Stockberger method. The CZ method is the most typical method for bulk crystal growth, and most of oxide single crystalline scintillators have been synthesized in this way. It is difficult to synthesize a high-quality single crystal owing to contamination of perovskite phases. Since Ce:YAG has been intensely studied as a common phosphor, the luminescence characteristics under ionizing radiations have been reported for a long time. The undoped crystals had disadvantages of low transmittance and low radiation resistance, so did not attract much attention for a long time.
Centralized Identification of Imbalances in Power Networks With Synchrophasor Data (2017)

The problem of bus imbalance identification in a three-phasepower network using a phasor measurement unit (PMU) is considered. We propose new algorithms to identify and localize imbalances occurring at any location in the power grid, based only on single-phase PMU data. First, we develop a technique using the minimum description length (MDL) criterion that is carried out at the control center. The centralized MDL methodology is time consuming and has computational complexity that grows exponentially with the network size. Therefore, we next develop a projected orthogonal matching pursuit (POMP) algorithm, which is a low-complexity method for bus imbalance identification in large-scale power networks implemented at the control center. POMP is acomputationally efficient compressive sensing technique that exploits the sparse structure of the voltage measurements. The proposed methods are validated through three case studies: a twoport π-model, an IEEE-14 bus system, and an IEEE 118-bus system. Simulations show that our networked algorithms, MDL and POMP, obtain improved performance over local bus-level identification techniques. The performance of POMP is close to that of centralized MDL, with the advantage of being applicable to largescale networks.
Dual Ka-Band Multiple Beam Reflector Antenna for Western European Coverage (2019)

This paper presents a dual-band multiple beam reflector antenna for a Western European coverage. The dual configuration comprises a wire grid sub-reflector and a polarising main reflector that converts the linearly polarised incidence into circular polarisation with orthogonality between bands. The good performance of the wire grid and the polarising main reflector ensure far-field axial ratio values at the −3 dB region below 1 dB on average without any previous optimisation.
End-to-End Speech Translation with Knowledge Distillation (2019)

End-to-end speech translation (ST), which directly translates from source language speech into target language text, has attracted intensive attentions in recent years.Compared to conventional pipepine systems, end-to-end ST models have advantages of lower latency, smaller model size and less error propagation.However, the combination of speech recognition and text translation in one model is more difficult than each of these two tasks.In this paper, we propose a knowledge distillation approach to improve ST model by transferring the knowledge from text translation model.Specifically, we first train a text translation model, regarded as a teacher model, and then ST model is trained to learn output probabilities from teacher model through knowledge distillation.Experiments on English-French Augmented LibriSpeech and English-Chinese TED corpus show that end-to-end ST is possible to implement on both similar and dissimilar language pairs.In addition, with the instruction of teacher model, end-to-end ST model can gain significant improvements by over 3.5 BLEU points.
Transverse mode characteristics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers buried in amorphous GaAs antiguide layer (1997)

We report the transverse mode characteristics of InGaAs-GaAs vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL's) buried in a low-temperature-deposited amorphous GaAs (a-GaAs) layer. The maximum current maintaining a stable fundamental transverse mode is increased by the antiguide effect of the a-GaAs clad with a high refractive index. For 10- and 15-/spl mu/m-diameter devices, we attain a stable single-mode emission over a wide range of current. The antiguide effects and transverse mode profiles in vertical cavity lasers buried in the high refractive index clad are calculated using a two-dimensional beam propagation method.
Definition of a new (Doniach‐Sunjic‐Shirley) peak shape for fitting asymmetric signals applied to reduced graphene oxide/graphene oxide XPS spectra (2021)

The existence of asymmetry in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) photoemission lines is widely accepted, but line shapes designed to accommodate asymmetry are generally lacking in theoretical justification. In this work, we present a new line shape for describing asymmetry in XPS signals that is based on two facts. First, the most widely known line shape for fitting asymmetric XPS signals that has a theoretical basis, referred to as the Doniach‐Sunjic (DS) line shape, suffers from a mathematical inconvenience, which is that for asymmetric shapes the area beneath the curve (above the x‐axis) is infinite. Second, it is common practice in XPS to remove the inelastically scattered background response of a peak in question with the Shirley algorithm. The new line shape described herein attempts to retain the theoretical virtues of the DS line shape, while allowing the use of a Shirley background, with the consequence that the resulting line shape has a finite area. To illustrate the use of this Doniach‐Sunjic‐Shirley (DSS) line shape, a set of spectra obtained from varying amounts of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced GO on a patterned, heterogeneous surface are fit and discussed.
CVD growth of single‐walled B‐doped carbon nanotubes (2008)

Abstract Chemical Vapor Deposition is a method widely used in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes of one and multiple walls. However, the interdependent parameters playing a role in this synthesis approach are scarcely explored when single‐walled doped carbon nanotubes are the aimed product. It is well known that one method of tailoring the electronic properties of single wall carbon nanotubes is the chemical modification through incorporation of heteroatoms within the tube walls. We describe here the feasibility to use chemical vapor deposition employing high vacuum conditions and a one liquid precursor acting as B and C feedstock simultaneously. TEM exhibits small nanotube bundles containing 3 to 5 tubes with a narrow diameter distribution in relation to nanotube material produced with this method (0.9 to 1.5 nm). The boron content was probed by x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy as bulk probing method in samples with high nanotube yield. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Facet-Dependent Electrical Conductivity Properties of PbS Nanocrystals (2016)

Large PbS protruded cubes, edge- and corner-truncated cubes and octahedra, and perfect octahedra with sizes over 200 nm have been synthesized in aqueous solution. By using two surface oxide-free tungsten probes to contact a clean particle, these PbS nanocrystals displayed facet-dependent electrical conductivity behaviors. Both {110} and {100} faces are highly conductive at applied voltages beyond 4 V, but the {111} faces can remain nonconductive even at 5 V. An asymmetric I–V curve was recorded when electrical contacts were made simultaneously on the {110} and {111} facets of a truncated cube. A modified band diagram of PbS is constructed to account for the observed facet-dependent effect. Density of states plots for varying numbers of PbS surface planes show larger areas of conduction band electron occupancy for the (110) and (100) planes than that for the (111) planes at a layer thickness of 3.0–3.4 nm. The work represents that, for the first time, the facet-dependent electrical properties of an n-type semiconductor nanocrystal are directly probed. Facet-dependent electrical conductivity should be a general semiconductor property and can be exploited to fabricate single-nanocrystal operating electronic components.
Performance of High Stopping Power Bismuth-Loaded Plastic Scintillators for Radiation Portal Monitors (2020)

Plastic scintillators are widely used in radiation portal monitors because of their low cost and availability in large sizes. However, due to their low density and low effective atomic number (Z), they offer low intrinsic efficiency and little spectroscopic information. The addition of high-Z constituents to these plastics can greatly increase both their total stopping power and the amount of photoelectric absorption, leading to full-energy deposition and thus useful gamma spectra. In this article, we present the performance of the latest formulation of Bi-loaded plastic scintillators showing their useful spectroscopic information up to relatively high energy (~1 MeV) due to their high stopping power compared to the current commercially available plastics. These Bi-loaded plastics use 20 weight percent (wt%) Bi-pivalate (8 wt% elemental Bi) dissolved in polyvinyltoluene (PVT) matrix and conventional fast fluors (~10 ns decay time). These Bi-loaded plastics achieve up to approximately 6000 photons/MeV and have been produced in sizes up to 17 in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . The performance of these Bi-loaded plastics is also demonstrated in the existing portal monitor hardware (Rapiscan Model TSA Trainer 770) showing the possibility to provide improved sensitivity as a drop-in replacement with continued scale-up.
A phase I pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of BGC9331 and carboplatin in relapsed gynaecological malignancies (2005)

BGC9331 is a rationally designed, specific nonpolyglutamatable thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitor that is active in gynaecological malignancies. In the light of the sensitivity of human ovarian tumour cell lines to BGC9331 and non-cross resistance to platinum drugs, we studied the combination BGC9331/carboplatin (BCA) in a phase I (PI) pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) study in platinum pretreated gynaecological malignancies. Patients were >or=18 years or over, with a histologically confirmed gynaecological malignancy, radiological evidence of relapse, and a platinum treatment free interval of at least 6 months. Up to three prior lines of chemotherapy were permitted. Carboplatin (AUC5) and BGC9331 were administered on day 1, and BGC9331 was also given on day 8 of a 21-day cycle. In total, 14 patients were enrolled, and treated with BGC9331 at four dose levels, 40, 65, 85 and 100 mg m-2. The principal grade 3 and 4 haematological toxicity was neutropaenia. The principal nonhaematological toxicities were lethargy and nausea. Dose-limiting toxicities were seen in two patients at 100 mg m-2 BGC9331 (grade 4 neutropaenia>7 days, and grade 4 fatigue>7 days). Plasma BGC9331 was measured by an ELISA that was adapted for use in humans. Carboplatin was assayed by flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. There was no PK interaction between the two drugs. Plasma deoxyuridine was elevated indicating TS inhibition to at least day 12. Antitumour activity was observed in four out of 14 (28%) of patients. In conclusion, the combination of BGC9331 and carboplatin is well tolerated with no significant PK interaction between the two drugs. There is evidence of TS inhibition with the combination. We have demonstrated antitumour activity in platinum pretreated gynaecological malignancy. Further exploration of this combination in this disease is warranted.
Platelets and Prothrombin (2007)

Blood coagulation is initiated following injury to the blood vessel wall through the exposure of tissue factor, which mediates the activation of circulating factor VII. Activated factor VIIa forms a complex with tissue factor and triggers the subsequent steps in the activation of the coagulation system, ultimately culminating in the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin (1–5). The platelet membrane surface is crucial for this process, providing a milieu, referred to as the prothrombinase complex, for efficient assembly of the coagulation complexes and localization of the procoagulant response. Indeed, recent data have even implicated platelets in the initiation of coagulation as they acquire circulating forms of tissue factor, generated from other cells, on their surface (6,7). Thrombin mediates fibrin formation and plays a critical role in the inflammatory responses (8); thus, the regulation of prothrombin activation by the platelet membrane has broad physiological and pathophysiological implications.
Theoretical study of the interfacial properties of carbon nanotube/epoxy resin nanocomposites (2022)

Abstract We demonstrate the effect of defects in carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the interfacial interaction of CNT/epoxy nanocomposites by first-principles calculation. Atomistic interface models consisting of single-walled CNT and epoxy (diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A; DGEBA) were used. Total energy, the partial density of states, and electronic charge distributions were investigated. The results indicated a weak interaction between the defect-free CNT and the epoxy. When the DGEBA was placed over the site nearest to the defect on a CNT, it was found to be energetically stable. Moreover, shared charge density, which may result in a stronger interfacial interaction, was observed between the CNT and DGEBA. The presence of the defects is responsible for providing the valence electrons that do not participate in the carbon–carbon bond in the CNTs. Consequently, we conclude that the defects in the CNT are sometimes useful and may enhance interfacial adhesion at the interface of nanocomposites.
OCT Imaging up to 760 kHz Axial Scan Rate Using Single-Mode 1310nm MEMS-Tunable VCSELs with >100nm Tuning Range (2011)

We describe the first widely tunable, single-mode 1310nm MEMS VCSELs with &gt;100nm tuning range, and the first application of these VCSELs to ultra-high-speed swept source OCT imaging at axial scan rates up to 760kHz.
Down-regulation of intestinal scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) expression in rodents under conditions of deficient bile delivery to the intestine (2001)

Scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) is expressed in the intestines of rodents and has been suggested to be involved in the absorption of dietary cholesterol. The aim of this study was to determine whether intestinal SR-BI expression is affected in animal models with altered bile delivery to the intestine and impaired cholesterol absorption. SR-BI protein and mRNA levels were determined in proximal and distal small intestine from control, bile-duct-ligated and bile-diverted rats and from control and bile-duct-ligated mice. Two genetically altered mouse models were studied: multidrug resistance-2 P-glycoprotein-deficient [Mdr2(−/−)] mice that produce phospholipid/cholesterol-free bile, and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase-deficient [Cyp7a(−/−)] mice, which exhibit qualitative and quantitative changes in the bile-salt pool. Cholesterol-absorption efficiency was quantified using a dual-isotope ratio method. SR-BI was present at the apical membrane of enterocytes in control rats and mice and was more abundant in proximal than in distal segments of the intestine. In bile-duct-ligated animals, levels of SR-BI protein were virtually absent and mRNA levels were decreased by ≈ 50%. Bile-diverted rats, Mdr2(−/−) mice and Cyp7a(−/−) mice showed decreased levels of intestinal SR-BI protein while mRNA levels were unaffected. Cholesterol absorption was reduced by &amp;gt; 90% in bile-duct-ligated and bile-diverted animals and in Cyp7a(−/−) mice, whereas Mdr2(−/−) mice showed an ≈ 50% reduction. This study shows that SR-BI is expressed at the apical membrane of enterocytes of rats and mice, mainly in the upper intestine where cholesterol absorption is greatest, and indicates that bile components play a role in post-transcriptional regulation of SR-BI expression. Factors associated with cholestasis appear to be involved in transcriptional control of intestinal SR-BI expression. The role of SR-BI in the cholesterol-absorption process remains to be defined.
X-ray and neutron reflectivity and electronic properties of PCBM-poly(bromo)styrene blends and bilayers with poly(3-hexylthiophene) (2011)

We used neutron reflectivity to complement X-ray reflectivity characterization of PCBM-based layers formed on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Single-layer analyses were used to provide reliable scattering length density values for bilayer fitting. Atomic force microscopy analyses showed trends similar to the reflectivity experiments when observing upper surfaces. Styrene polymers added to PCBM in small concentrations (ca. 10%) led to processing advantages while retaining substantial electron mobility, about 0.001 cm2/V s. The further introduction of a relatively heavy bromo substituent on the styrene rings greatly increased the film smoothness, as revealed by increases of the oscillation amplitudes in the reflectivity. In addition, the bromine heavy atom increased the X-ray reflectivity scattering length density of the upper layer. Finally, we present data consistent with PCBM becoming partially mixed with the P3HT as the PCBM is spin coated from a solution with poly(bromostyrene) to form an overlying film, consistent with predictions based on published phase diagrams of the P3HT-PCBM system.
From Oxetane to Thietane: Extending the Antiviral Spectrum of 2′-Spirocyclic Uridines by Substituting Oxygen with Sulfur (2022)

In continuation of our efforts of finding novel nucleoside inhibitors for the treatment of viral diseases, we initiated a discovery research program aimed at identifying novel nucleos(t)ide inhibitors for emerging diseases like Dengue and Chikungunya. Based on the previously reported 2'-spiro-oxetane uridine derivatives active against Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), we envisaged its sulfur analogue as an interesting congener both from a synthetic as well as biological point of view. Surprisingly, we found the 2'-spirothietane uridine derivatives not only to be active against HCV and Dengue virus (DENV), viruses belonging to the flavivirus family, but also to demonstrate activity against alphaviruses like Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Sindbis virus (SINV).
A 0.15 μm CMOS foundry technology with 0.1 μm devices for high performance applications (2002)

This paper describes a leading-edge 0.15 /spl mu/m CMOS logic foundry technology family. Advanced core devices using 20 /spl Aring/ oxides for 1.2-1.5 V operation (L/sub G min/=0.1 /spl mu/m) support high-performance CPU and graphics applications. The technology supports also low-standby power applications with 26 /spl Aring/ oxide for 1.5 V operation. Periphery circuitry for 2.5 or 3.3 V compatibility use dual 50 or 65 /spl Aring/ gate oxides respectively. AlCu with low-k (FSG) is used for the seven-level metal interconnect system with extremely tight pitch (0.39 /spl mu/m for M1 and 0.48 /spl mu/m for intermediate levels). The aggressive design rules and border-less contacts/vias render an embedded (synchronous cache) 6T SRAM cell of 3.42 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ demonstrated in a 2Mb vehicle with very high yield. The overall process reliability is also shown to meet standard industry requirements.
The incidence and clinical ramifications for leadless pacemaker fixation mechanism exposure on the epicardial surface (2021)

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Boston Scientific and Abbott Background Leadless pacemaker (LP) fixation mechanism exposure (FE) by penetration of the epicardial surface has been described. Previously reported animal model studies showed FE for 7/10 Micra LPs, versus 4/10 CapSureFix Novus RV pacing leads (both Medtronic). However, it is unknown whether FE causes pericardial effusion or pericarditis or does not have clinical significance. Purpose To determine the incidence of FE of a novel LP in a chronic animal model and its association with acute or chronic pericardial effusion. Methods Canine subjects were implanted with novel LPs (Boston Scientific) in an ongoing study. Acute pericardial effusion was assessed by post-procedural transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Chronic pericardial effusion was assessed by TTE 90 days after implantation and post-mortem assessed pericardial fluid colour (PFC) and volume (PFV). FE was assessed visually at necropsy. Mann-Whitney U tests and chi-squared tests were used to determine whether greater PFV, more haemorrhagic PFC or LP implantation location differed significantly between subjects with and without FE. Results Results to date are reported. Canine subjects (n = 71) were chronically implanted with LPs. Due to 14 in-vivo retrievals, data is shown of 57 subjects with LPs in situ at necropsy. Pre-deployment radiocontrast injection confirmed LP position (RV apex n = 41; RV apicoseptal n = 16), and mechanical stability and electrical testing confirmed adequate talon fixation after deployment. Necropsy after median 94 days (IQR 91-540) demonstrated FE in 11 cases (19%) (figure). No acute nor chronic pericardial effusion was seen on TTE. Mean PFV for animals with and without FE was 1.8 and 1.6 cc, respectively. FE did not show an association with PFV or colour (p= 0.53 and p = 0.83, respectively). For two animals, PFV and PFC are not available; FE was not observed in either of these cases. LP implantation location was not associated with incidence of FE (p = 1.00). Conclusion Fixation mechanism exposure by the talons of a novel leadless pacemaker was observed in 19% of animals implanted and was not associated with acute or chronic pericardial effusion. Abstract Figure 1
High voltage, cross-field, gas switch and method of operation (2023)

A high voltage gas switch includes a gas-tight housing containing an ionizable gas at a preselected gas pressure. The gas switch includes a gas-tight housing containing an ionizable gas at a gas pressure selected based upon a Paschen curve for the ionizable gas, where the Paschen curve plots breakdown voltages of the ionizable gas as a function of gas pressure multiplied by grid-to-anode distance, and where values of gas pressure multiplied by grid-to-anode distance increase over at least a portion of the Paschen curve in conjunction with increasing breakdown voltages. The gas switch also includes an anode disposed within the gas-tight housing, a cathode disposed within the gas-tight housing, and a control grid positioned between the anode and the cathode, where the control grid is spaced apart from the anode by a grid-to-anode distance selected based upon a desired operating voltage.