gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Jeremiah Metzger Lecture. The pathogenesis of fever in human subjects. (1980)

The pathogenesis of fever in man begins with the production of endogenous pyrogen by phagocytic leukocytes in response to exogenous pyrogens (toxic, immunologic or infectious agents). Endogenous pyrogen, a protein, is released from a variety of phagocytic leukocytes and enters the circulation after new messenger RNA and protein are synthesized. Fever is caused by an interaction of endogenous pyrogen with specialized receptors on or near thermosensitive neurons in the thermoregulatory center of the anterior hypothalamus. This interaction may cause local hypothalamic production of prostaglandins, monoamines and, possibly, cyclic AMP. From the anterior hypothalamus, information is transmitted through the posterior hypothalamus to the vasomotor center, which directs sympathetic-nerve fibers to constrict peripheral vessels and decrease heat dissipation.
Structured light 3D depth map enhancement and gesture recognition using image content adaptive filtering (2014)

A structured-light system for depth estimation is a type of 3D active sensor that consists of a structured-light projector that projects an illumination pattern on the scene (e.g. mask with vertical stripes) and a camera which captures the illuminated scene. Based on the received patterns, depths of different regions in the scene can be inferred. In this paper, we use side information in the form of image structure to enhance the depth map. This side information is obtained from the received light pattern image reflected by the scene itself. The processing steps run real time. This post-processing stage in the form of depth map enhancement can be used for better hand gesture recognition, as is illustrated in this paper.
Changes in Wavefront Aberration With Pharmaceutical Dilating Agents (2005)

Pharmaceutical dilation agents cause random shifts of the pupil centroid from the dark-adapted pupil condition and could induce changes in wavefront measurements. Caution is required when resorting to dilation to obtain a wavefront measurement of smaller pupils.
Wearable Wink-controlled Telescopic Contact Lens with Liquid Crystal Shutter Glasses (2016)

A wink-controlled, military hands-free binocular system using polarization switching and eye-borne optics embedded within wearable scleral contact lenses is described. The lenses provide both refractive unmagnified and peripheral vision and a 2.8× magnification catadioptric telescope using four concentric annular mirrors. Self-contained eyewear with liquid crystal shutters combined with orthogonal linear polarizers within the contact lens allows for selection between the optical paths. A temple-mounted controller monitors reflection of NIR light from a diffusing retroreflector in each lens, ignoring blinks, and switching between paths in response to right- and left-eye winks. The results of testing the prototype system using a scale-model human eye with mechanical “eyelids” as well a small scale clinical (nondispensed) demonstration are discussed.
Performance of a practical RAKE receiver for W-CDMA downlink in the presence of interfering user (2002)

The RAKE receiver is the most common receiver employed in wideband CDMA (W-CDMA) systems. Traditionally, multiple access interference (MAI) in spread spectrum systems is modelled as white Gaussian noise. This presumption is valid when the number of users is large and interference signals have large spreading factors. But the W-CDMA air interface for 3rd generation mobile communication systems supports low spreading factors, high and variable data rates, which make MAI non-Gaussian. We analyze the bit error rate (BER) performance of a downlink receiver in the presence of an interfering user when the Gaussian assumption does not hold any more. The receiver is a maximum ratio combining RAKE receiver. First we study the performance of the ideal RAKE receiver, which has exact estimates of delays, amplitudes and phases of the multipath components. Then we consider the effect of MAI when non-data aided (NDA) and pilot aided decision directed (PADD) algorithms are used for delay and channel coefficients estimation, respectively. It is shown that imperfect power control can significantly affect the BER performance, while practical single-user channel estimation algorithms, such as the NDA-PADD algorithm, behave well also in the presence of non-Gaussian MAI.
The dependence of low-temperature ion mixing of Y/Si bilayers on nuclear energy deposition (1991)

Bilayers of yttrium and amorphous silicon were irradiated with 600-keV Ar++, Kr++, and Xe++ ions at temperatures between 80 and 372 K. The mixing rates were considerably larger than rates predicted by a model based on overlapping thermal spikes, as well as predictions generated by an extension of the model to the case of nonoverlapping thermal spikes. However, the experimental mixing rates did exhibit a linear dependence on the nuclear energy deposited at the interface. This agrees qualitatively with the premise of nonoverlapping thermal spikes. We compare our results with other ion-mixed medium-Z, metal/metal systems which also show this tendency.
Polyamines Differentially Modulate the Transcription of Growth-associated Genes in Human Colon Carcinoma Cells (1989)

Increases in the transcription of genes important to cell growth frequently occur in concert with increases in intracellular polyamines after a mitogenic stimulus. Previously, we have shown that depletion of intracellular polyamines by 2-difluoromethylornithine in COLO 320 cells resulted in a significant decrease in c-myc mRNA steady state levels. We demonstrate here that polyamines have a predominant role in the regulation of transcription of c-myc, c-fos, and histone 2A, while they appear to have both a transcriptional and post-transcriptional role in expression of c-myb, ornithine decarboxylase, and beta-actin mRNA levels. We further analyzed the effect of spermidine in overall and specific RNA transcription in isolated nuclei from COLO 320 cells. In nuclei from control cells, the addition of spermidine resulted in a 3-4 increase in overall [alpha-32P]UTP incorporation and a 4-8-fold increase in c-myc, c-fos, and histone 2A transcription. In contrast, ornithine decarboxylase and c-myb gene transcription were unaffected. Furthermore, in nuclei from 2-difluoromethylornithine-treated COLO 320 cells, spermidine addition resulted in less than a 2-fold increase in RNA transcription and had no effect on any specific gene analyzed. These results indicate that polyamines may have an important role in the transcription of specific growth related genes, especially c-myc and c-fos, and this role may be one mechanism by which polyamines modulate cell growth.
Interconversion of ZnF2 and ZnS nanoclusters within spherical microdomains in block copolymer films (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterconversion of ZnF2 and ZnS nanoclusters within spherical microdomains in block copolymer filmsJ. Yue, V. Sankaran, R. E. Cohen, and R. R. SchrockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 10, 4409–4410Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00063a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00063a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views255Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection of Bone Marrow Edema in Patients with Osteoid Osteoma Using Three-Material Decomposition with Dual-Layer Spectral CT (2021)

The aim of this study is to assess whether perifocal bone marrow edema (BME) in patients with osteoid osteoma (OO) can be accurately detected on dual-layer spectral CT (DLCT) with three-material decomposition. To that end, 18 patients with OO (25.33 ± 12.44 years; 7 females) were pairwise-matched with 18 patients (26.72 ± 9.65 years; 9 females) admitted for suspected pathologies other than OO in the same anatomic location but negative imaging findings. All patients were examined with DLCT and MRI. DLCT data was decomposed into hydroxyapatite and water- and fat-equivalent volume fraction maps. Two radiologists assessed DLCT-based volume fraction maps for the presence of perifocal BME, using a Likert scale (1 = no edema; 2 = likely no edema; 3 = likely edema; 4 = edema). Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the detection of BME on DLCT were analyzed using MR findings as standard of reference. For the detection of BME in patients with OO, DLCT showed a sensitivity of 0.92, a specificity of 0.94, and an accuracy of 0.92 for both radiologists. Interreader agreement for the assessment of BME with DLCT was substantial (weighted κ = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.59, 0.94). DLCT with material-specific volume fraction maps allowed accurate detection of BME in patients with OO. This may spare patients additional examinations and facilitate the diagnosis of OO.
Optical method for the determination of stress in thin films (2023)

A method and optical system is disclosed for measuring an amount of stress in a film layer disposed over a substrate. The method includes steps of: (A) applying a sequence of optical pump pulses to the film layer, individual ones of said optical pump pulses inducing a propagating strain pulse in the film layer, and for each of the optical pump pulses, applying at least one optical probe pulse, the optical probe pulses being applied with different time delays after the application of the corresponding optical probe pulses; (B) detecting variations in an intensity of a reflection of portions of the optical probe pulses, the variations being due at least in part to the propagation of the strain pulse in the film layer; (C) determining, from the detected intensity variations, a sound velocity in the film layer; and (D) calculating, using the determined sound velocity, the amount of stress in the film layer. In one embodiment of this invention the step of detecting measures a period of an oscillation in the intensity of the reflection of portions of the optical probe pulses, while in another embodiment the step of detecting measures a change in intensity of the reflection of portions of the optical probe pulses and determines a time at which the propagating strain pulse reflects from a boundary of the film layer.
Identification of Gas Compartment Existing PD in a Series Three Phase-Type GIS Considering Propagation Properties of PD-Emitted Electromagnetic Wave by FDTD Analysis (2022)

This paper described identification method of the gas component existing a PD source in a series three phase GIS based on arrival time relation and waveform characteristic of PD-emitted EM wave between sensors by FDTD analysis.
Perioperative Hemodynamics in Patients Undergoing Partial Left Ventriculectomy (2001)

Results suggest that PLV improves systolic function but decreases diastolic compliance, which results in reduced net ventricular function immediately after surgery. Thus, immediate hemodynamic improvements appeared to derive from reduced severity in mitral regurgitation and perioperative load manipulation. Improved myocardial energetics may ameliorate LV function and improve the course of underlying myocardial disease.
β-bungarotoxin (1989)

Phospholipases in some snake venoms are potent neurotoxins that target their enzymatic action to the synaptic membrane. One of these is the heterodimeric neurotoxin, beta-bungarotoxin, which binds with a protease inhibitor-like subunit to a presynaptic potassium channel and then blocks neurotransmission with a second subunit that has phospholipase A2 activity. We have prepared and characterized well ordered crystals of the most toxic beta-bungarotoxin isoform, beta 1-bungarotoxin. The crystals are monoclinic, space group C2, with unit cell parameters: a = 176.5 A, b = 39.3 A, c = 92.7 A, and beta = 114.8 degrees. Rotation-function analysis of the Patterson function, as calculated from a 2.3-A data set, reveals an asymmetric unit composed of four heterodimers. These heterodimers appear to be associated as two crystallographically distinct (AB)4 tetramers, each having dihedral D2 symmetry. The two are positioned with equivalent molecular 2-fold axes coincident with crystallographic dyads, but rotated by 55 degrees relative to one another. X-ray analysis of these crystals will permit direct visualization of the specific structural motifs and chemical features that underlie phospholipase neurotoxicity.
Recent advances in syntheses, properties and applications of TiO2nanostructures (2018)

TiO<sub>2</sub> is a compound of great importance due to its remarkable catalytic and distinctive semiconducting properties. It is also a chemically stable, non-toxic and biocompatible material. Nano TiO<sub>2</sub> is strong oxidizing agent with a large surface area and, hence, high photo-catalytic activities. With low production cost and a high dielectric constant, it is an inexpensive material. It can be prepared by diverse procedures such as solution and gas phase procedures. Nowadays, TiO<sub>2</sub> is being used frequently for photo degradation of organic molecules and water splitting for hydrogen generation. Most important applications include purification, disinfection of waste water, self-cleaning coatings for buildings in urban areas and the production of the green currency of energy (hydrogen) by splitting water. The review describes the advances in the syntheses, properties and applications of TiO<sub>2</sub> nano structures. Besides, efforts are also made to discuss the working mechanism and future challenges and perspectives.
Photon-Counting Computed Tomography for Vascular Imaging of the Head and Neck (2017)

Photon-counting CT has the potential to improve the image quality of carotid and intracranial CT angiography compared with single-energy EID CT.
TWEAK Is a Novel Arthritogenic Mediator (2006)

TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) is a TNF family member with pleiotropic effects on a variety of cell types, one of which is the induction of proinflammatory cytokines by synovial fibroblasts derived from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. In this study, we report that the serum TWEAK level was dramatically elevated during mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and blocking TWEAK by a neutralizing mAb significantly reduced the clinical severity of CIA. Histological analyses also revealed that TWEAK inhibition diminished joint inflammation, synovial angiogenesis, as well as cartilage and bone erosion. Anti-TWEAK treatment proved efficacious when administered just before the disease onset but not during the priming phase of CIA. Consistent with this, TWEAK inhibition did not affect either cellular or humoral responses to collagen. In contrast, TWEAK inhibition significantly reduced serum levels of a panel of arthritogenic mediators, including chemokines such as MIP-1beta (CCL-4), lymphotactin (XCL-1), IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) (CXCL-10), MCP-1 (CCL-2), and RANTES (CCL-5), as well as the matrix metalloprotease-9. Exploring the possible role of the TWEAK/Fn14 pathway in human RA pathogenesis, we showed that TWEAK can target human primary chondrocytes and osteoblast-like cells, in addition to synovial fibroblasts. We further demonstrated that TWEAK induced the production of matrix metalloproteases in human chondrocytes and potently inhibited chondrogenesis and osteogenesis using in vitro models. These results provide evidence for a novel cytokine pathway that contributes to joint tissue inflammation, angiogenesis, and damage, as well as may inhibit endogenous repair, suggesting that TWEAK may be a new therapeutic target for human RA.
Critical reasoning (1993)

Model-based diagnosis algorithms face a combinatorial explosion. To combat this explosion, this paper presents a fundamentally new architecture, IMPLODE, which constructs an abstract representation of the environment, the conflict, and the diagnosis spaces using a sensitivity analysis of assumptions. Experimental results show that the most dramatic improvement is obtained for circuits which are the most difficult to diagnose using previous algorithms. Moreover, typical sources of combinatorial explosion, such as reconvergent fanout, are a source of combinatorial implosion for IMPLODE.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinone Methide from 4‐Hydroxybenzyl Alcohol Diacetate: (p‐Acetoxy) benzylation of β‐Dicarbonyls. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia: Mesenteric Vascular Intervention (2010)

PART 1: INTRODUCTION Atherosclerosis of the mesenteric vessels may result in chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI). This uncommon condition is often amenable to percutaneous intervention by experienced operators. Percutaneous endovascular procedures have been applied to the mesenteric arterial system since the early 1980s. In most symptomatic patients, at least two splanchnic vessels have severe stenosis. Moawad and Gewertz (1) report at least two-vessel disease in 91% of CMI patients and three-vessel disease in 55% of CMI patients. In this review, only 7% of CMI patients had an occluded superior mesenteric artery (SMA) and 2% had isolated celiac disease. Abrupt occlusion of mesenteric blood vessels can result in acute mesenteric ischemia. In a review of the topic, Oldenburg et al. (2) report the incidence of various etiologies of acute mesenteric ischemia as follows: arterial embolism 40% to 50%, arterial thrombosis 25%, nonocclusive arterial disease resulting in ischemia secondary to other factors such as low cardiac output or adrenergic agonist use 20%, and venous thrombosis 10%. The patient with acute mesenteric ischemia has often developed infarcted bowel by the time of presentation. These patients generally require surgical treatment to remove necrotic tissue. Therefore, the focus of this chapter is the percutaneous treatment of CMI.
Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua (2012)

Resumen es: La presencia de cantidades excesivas de materia organica, nutrientes, metales pesados y substancias quimicas en el agua constituye uno de los mas inquiet...
Large tunable delays using parametric mixing and phase conjugation in Si nanowaveguides (2008)

We demonstrate a technique for generating large, all-optical delays while simultaneously minimizing pulse distortion by using temporal phase conjugation via four-wave mixing in Si nanowaveguides. Using this scheme, we achieve continuously tunable delays over a range of 243 ns for 10 Gb/s NRZ data.
Synthesis and Stereoselective Reactions of (R)‐α‐Sulfonyloxynitriles (1991)

The sulfonylation of (R)-cyanohydrins (R)-1 to form (R)-2 takes place without racemization. The conversion—also without racemization but with inversion- of (R)-2 by nucleophiles (Nu = OAc, N3, N-phthaloyl) yields cyanohydrins (S)-3, which are interesting as synthetic intermediates.
Direct measurement of hypoxia in a xenograft multiple myeloma model by optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2017)

Using photoacoustic microscopy (PAM), we evaluated non-invasively oxygenation and vascularization in vivo due to multiple myeloma (MM) progression. Mice injected with MM.1S-GFP were monitored with a fluorescence microscope for tumor progression. In vivo PAM of the cerebral bone marrow quantified the total oxygen saturation (sO<sub>2</sub>). At 28 days after the MM cell injection, the total sO<sub>2</sub> had decreased by half in the developing tumor regions, while in the non-tumor regions it had decreased by 20% compared with the value at one day post MM injection. The blood vessel density was reduced by 35% in the developing tumor regions, while in the non-tumor regions it was reduced by 8% compared with the value at one day post MM injection. Hence, PAM corroborated the development of hypoxia due to MM progression and demonstrated decreased vascularization surrounding the tumor areas.
Active variable reactance rectifier — A new approach to compensating for coupling variations in wireless power transfer systems (2017)

This paper introduces a new approach to compensating for coupling variations in wireless power transfer (WPT) systems using an active variable reactance (AVR) rectifier. The AVR rectifier incorporates a lossless resonant network and two actively-controlled bridge rectifiers, which are interfaced with the output of the WPT system using dc-dc converters. The input reactance of the AVR rectifier can be continuously varied by changing the relative voltages at its two outputs while maintaining soft-switching of the rectifier transistors, enabling the rectifier to compensate for coupler misalignments while achieving high efficiency at high switching frequencies. The AVR rectifier also ensures that the output power of the WPT system is maintained at a fixed level even during coupler misalignments. A prototype AVR rectifier is designed, built and tested with a 6.78-MHz 20-W capacitive WPT system for tablet charging applications. The system is able to fully compensate, i.e., maintain a fixed output power level, for up to 50% lateral misalignments in the capacitive coupler, while maintaining high efficiency.
Efficient backward elimination algorithm for sparse signal representation using overcomplete dictionaries (2002)

A sparse representation of a signal, i.e., a representation using a small number of vectors chosen from a dictionary of vectors, is highly desirable in many applications. Here, we extend the backward elimination sparse representation algorithm presented by Reeves (see ibid., vol.6, p.266-68, Oct. 1999) to allow for an overcomplete dictionary and develop recursions for its implementation. In the overcomplete case, the representation error cannot be used as a general criterion for elimination of a dictionary vector and other criteria must be considered. Simulation on a test-case dictionary shows that the performance of the proposed algorithm can improve upon that of forward selection methods.
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome and Kidney Transplantation: A Case Series and Review of the Literature (2017)

The correct diagnosis of HUS and the identification of the complement component alterations in case of aHUS are important parameters required to predict the risk of post-transplant recurrence of the disease. In the cases we reported, eculizumab has been found to be effective both to prevent and to treat aHUS following kidney transplantation.