gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Signal Amplified by CC-MC-EDFA under Inter-core Crosstalk Using a Scalable SDM/TDM Translation Method (2020)

We propose using SDM/TDM translation method to signals amplified by CC-MC-EDFA in a scalable manner to the number of MCF core. We confirmed identical signal quality of the CC-4C-EDFA among 4 cores even if ±0.65dB output optical power fluctuated due to inter-core crosstalk appears.
Multi-mW, Few-Cycle Mid-Infrared Continuum Spanning From 500 to 2250 cm-1 (2018)

We report a 2-octave mid-infrared continuum simultaneously spanning from 500 cm-1 to 2250 cm-1 at 24 mW of average power. It is based on difference frequency generation driven by a newly developed femtosecond Ho:YAG thin-disk oscillator.
Personalization of food image analysis (2010)

This paper presents a method to classify food images by updating the model of Bayesian network incrementally. We have been investigating a “food log” system which makes use of image analysis, and it can automatically detect food images and estimate the food balance (using a simple nutrition model). It also enables users to easily modify the results of the analysis when they contain errors. So far, the system does not make use of the corrections made by the users to improve the performance of classification. In this paper, we propose to incrementally update the classifier based on Baysian network so that the results of analysis will be improved by using the user's corrections. With the incremental updating, the accuracy of food image detection is improved from 89% to 92%.
Science of active galactic nuclei with the GTC and CanariCam (2008)

CanariCam is the facility mid-infrared (MIR) instrument for the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), a 10.4m telescope at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos on La Palma. One of the science drivers for CanariCam is the study of active galactic nuclei (AGN). We will exploit the instrument's high sensitivity in imaging, spectroscopy, and polarimetry modes to answer fundamental questions of AGN and their host galaxies. Dust in the nucleus of an active galaxy reprocesses the intrinsic radiation of the central engine to emerge in the MIR. Current work demonstrates that the hot dust immediately associated with the AGN, which blocks direct views of the AGN from some lines of sight, is confined to small (parsec) scales. Thus, high spatial resolution is essential to probe the "torus" of unified AGN models separate from the host galaxy. CanariCam provides a 0.08" pixel scale for Nyquist sampling the diffraction-limited point spread function at 8&mu;m, and narrow (0.2") spectroscopy slits (with R=120-1300). New observations with the GTC/CanariCam will provide key constraints on the physical conditions in the clumpy torus, and we will sensitively determine AGN obscuration as a function of nuclear activity. We will therefore address the fueling process and its relationship to the torus, the interaction with the host galaxy, and dust chemistry. These data will be essential preparation for the next generation of telescopes that will observe the distant universe directly to explore galaxy and black hole formation and evolution, and the GTC/CanariCam system uniquely provides multiple modes to probe AGN.
Printable Organic Electronic Materials for Precisely Positioned Cell Attachment (2021)

Over the past 3 decades, there has been a vast expansion of research in both tissue engineering and organic electronics. Although the two fields have interacted little, the materials and fabrication technologies which have accompanied the rise of organic electronics offer the potential for innovation and translation if appropriately adapted to pattern biological materials for tissue engineering. In this work, we use two organic electronic materials as adhesion points on a biocompatible poly(<i>p</i>-xylylene) surface. The organic electronic materials are precisely deposited <i>via</i> vacuum thermal evaporation and organic vapor jet printing, the proven, scalable processes used in the manufacture of organic electronic devices. The small molecular-weight organics prevent the subsequent growth of antifouling polyethylene glycol methacrylate polymer brushes that grow within the interstices between the molecular patches, rendering these background areas both protein and cell resistant. Last, fibronectin attaches to the molecular patches, allowing for the selective adhesion of fibroblasts. The process is simple, reproducible, and promotes a high yield of cell attachment to the targeted sites, demonstrating that biocompatible organic small-molecule materials can pattern cells at the microscale, utilizing techniques widely used in electronic device fabrication.
ABCG Transporters Are Required for Suberin and Pollen Wall Extracellular Barriers inArabidopsis (2014)

Abstract Effective regulation of water balance in plants requires localized extracellular barriers that control water and solute movement. We describe a clade of five Arabidopsis thaliana ABCG half-transporters that are required for synthesis of an effective suberin barrier in roots and seed coats (ABCG2, ABCG6, and ABCG20) and for synthesis of an intact pollen wall (ABCG1 and ABCG16). Seed coats of abcg2 abcg6 abcg20 triple mutant plants had increased permeability to tetrazolium red and decreased suberin content. The root system of triple mutant plants was more permeable to water and salts in a zone complementary to that affected by the Casparian strip. Suberin of mutant roots and seed coats had distorted lamellar structure and reduced proportions of aliphatic components. Root wax from the mutant was deficient in alkylhydroxycinnamate esters. These mutant plants also had few lateral roots and precocious secondary growth in primary roots. abcg1 abcg16 double mutants defective in the other two members of the clade had pollen with defects in the nexine layer of the tapetum-derived exine pollen wall and in the pollen-derived intine layer. Mutant pollen collapsed at the time of anther desiccation. These mutants reveal transport requirements for barrier synthesis as well as physiological and developmental consequences of barrier deficiency.
Prevalence and Characterization of Virulence Genes in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolated from Diarrheic Piglets in Korea (2020)

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is one of the major causative infectious agents of diarrhea in newborn and post-weaning pigs and leads to a large economic loss worldwide. However, there is limited information on the distribution and characterization of virulence genes in E. coli isolated from diarrheic piglets, which also applies to the current status of pig farms in Korea. To investigate the prevalence and characterization of virulence genes in E. coli related to diarrhea in piglets, the rectal swab samples of diarrheic piglets (aged 2 d to 6 w) were collected from 163 farms between 2013 and 2016. Five to 10 individual swab samples from the same farm were pooled and cultured on MacConkey agar plates, and E. coli were identified using the API 32E system. Three sets of multiplex PCRs were used to detect 13 E. coli virulence genes. As a result, a total of 172 E. coli isolates encoding one or more of the virulence genes were identified. Among them, the prevalence of individual virulence gene was as follows, (1) fimbrial adhesins (43.0%): F4 (16.9%), F5 (4.1%), F6 (1.7%), F18 (21.5%), and F41 (3.5%); (2) toxins (90.1%): LT (19.2%), STa (20.9%), STb (25.6%), Stx2e (15.1%), EAST1 (48.3%); and (3) non-fimbrial adhesin (19.6%): EAE (14.0%), AIDA-1 (11.6%) and PAA (8.7%), respectively. Taken together, various pathotypes and virotypes of E. coli were identified in diarrheic piglets. These results suggest a broad array of virulence genes is associated with coliform diarrhea in piglets in Korea.
Impact of a multigene prognostic assay on postoperative management of early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. (2013)

e22124 Background: Many stage II and most stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients forgo adjuvant chemotherapy, despite the likely presence of occult metastasis in the 30-60% of these patients who die within 5 years of surgery, and despite demonstration that patients with undetected, i.e. very early, metastasis can achieve long-term survival with this intervention. A multi-gene assay using quantitative RT-PCR and run on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples (Pervenio Lung RS) has been independently validated in two large international studies to better differentiate high- and low-risk non-squamous NSCLC patients than either traditional risk assessment criteria or conventional staging. A survey of physicians who used this multi-gene assay probed whether better risk discrimination changed post-operative management. Methods: Physicians were queried via a web-based survey on practice patterns, patient characteristics and treatment recommendations. The survey was developed through cognitive interviews with oncologists and thoracic surgeons. Physicians were allowed to respond regarding up to 4 patients (stage I or II) for whom the multi-gene test was ordered. Results: Forty-one physicians (12 surgeons, 29 oncologists/internists) of 61 contacted (67%) provided responses on 77 patients. Community practices accounted for 83%, and the average years in practice was 15. Seventy-one percent provided responses on either 1 or 2 patients. Mean patient age was 66±10 years, with stage I and stage II comprising 73% and 27%, respectively. Prior to obtaining assay results, chemotherapy was recommended in 30% of patients, including 5 stage I patients. The assay characterized 5-year mortality risk as high, intermediate and low in 52%, 23% and 25% of patients, respectively. Treatment recommendations were changed post-assay in 36% of patients, including 73% of high-risk patients for whom observation was recommended initially. Change in treatment intensity correlated with the degree of assay-assessed risk. Conclusions: Refinement of risk assessment achieved via a multi-gene prognostic assay resulted in changes in treatment recommendations for a substantial number of early stage NSCLC patients.
Single-Mode Fiber SDM Submarine Systems (2020)

We consider both physical and economic aspects of submarine transmission to identify optimal designs of submarine space division multiplexed (SDM) systems. We focus on single mode-based SDM systems as the first practical step for implementation of high capacity, low cost-per-unit-capacity systems based on SDM principles. We review power efficiency models in EDFA-based long-haul systems and show existence of optimum SNR. We demonstrate relationship between the power efficiency and cost-per-unit-capacity optimizations for submarine links. We also describe a detailed model that combines physical and economic aspects of the submarine links. The model uses “least amount of technological change” approach based on the existing components and simple scaling rules for repeater and cable designs. The model results suggest that 32-fiber SDM systems are a practical spot for near-future systems close to cost-per-unit-capacity limit of the wet-plant. Further increase of the number of fibers in a cable has diminishing returns for current technologies and cost structure. We also discuss requirements for transponders in terms of spectral efficiency and nonlinearity compensation.
A Biomechanical Analysis of Different Clavicular Tunnel Diameters in Anatomic Acromioclavicular Ligament Reconstruction (2016)

There is a lack of literature regarding revision acromioclavicular joint reconstruction, but our biomechanical results show comparable stability to primary reconstruction. These data provide support for the use of anatomic acromioclavicular ligament reconstruction in revision cases.
ScopeG (2016)

The language people use on social media has been shown to provide insight into their personality characteristics. We developed a mobile system that aids the exploration and comparison of personal personality profiles with those of others. We conducted a user study to evaluate system usability, gauge user interaction of interest, and the system's performance in completing exploration and comparison tasks. Our study shows that the system is easy to use and enables users effectively explore and compare personality profiles, and users were interested in comparing their personality traits with the personality traits of friends, role models, and celebrities.
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test in Myocardial Ischemia Detection (2020)

Exercise electrocardiography has low sensitivity for detection of myocardial ischemia. However, when combined with cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPEX), the sensitivity and specificity of ischemia detection improves significantly. CPEX offers unique advantages over imaging techniques in tricky situations such as balanced ischemia. Early abnormal oxygen uptake would point toward profound coronary stenosis that could be missed in perfusion imaging. CPEX could be an invaluable tool in asymptomatic left bundle branch block pattern, without exposing patients to the risks of computerized tomography or invasive coronary angiography. Normal oxygen uptake curves would rule out significant coronary stenosis as the cause of left bundle branch block pattern. Elseways, abnormal oxygen uptake in patients with normal coronary arteries could indicate microvascular angina. Furthermore, exercise capacity is an excellent predictor of cardiovascular risk in those with and without heart disease. Using two clinical cases we introduce the concept of gas-exchange and hemodynamic changes encountered in ischemic heart disease.
Evaluation of biomechanical response and potential injury from thoracic impact. (1978)

An analytical model for the anteroposterior thoracic impact response of the human thorax is investigated to: 1) establish a comparison between the model and available cadaver data for blunt impacts, 2) demonstrate typical force, deflection, and acceleration impact response characteristics as well as additional parameters, such as stored and dissipated energies and associated powers, and 3) develop biomechanical response characteristics for frontal impacts of varying severity (i.e., mass: 2-26 kg and velocity: 2-24 m/s) within the range of model applicability. The analysis provides fundamental relationships between thoracic impact characteristics and biomechanical response and human injury potential.
Palladium Catalyzed Alkoxy- and Aminocarbonylation of Vinyl Tosylates (2011)

The palladium catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation and aminocarbonylation of vinyl tosylates are described. A variety of ketone and aldehyde derived vinyl tosylates may be carbonylated in the presence of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols, or primary and secondary amines, to provide the corresponding esters and amides in good yields. The alkoxycarbonylation was applied to a short synthesis of isoguvacine.
Mechanical Properties and Oxidation Resistance of Silicon Nitride Produced from Low Purity β-Powder (1995)

Low-cost and low-purity β-Si3N4 powder was sintered at 1900°C for 8h in 1 MPa nitrogen gas with 2mol% Y2O3-2mol%Al2O3 additives. Fully densified bodies were obtained by the gas-pressured-sintering. This material had a strength of 689 MPa and a fracture toughness of 6.4 MPa·m1/2. Furthermore, the high temperature strength, oxidation resistance, fatigue parameter were measured. The degradation of strength at elevated temperature was less than 5% up to 900°C. No fatal defect was created in 100h-oxidation in 900°C-air. The fatigue parameter was on a level with general material produced from α-rich powder. These properties are adequate for structural material application.
Precision medicine and FPGA technology: Challenges and opportunities (2017)

As genomic medicine becomes part of standard clinical care, Precision Medicine faces a daunting computational challenge in scaling up to support the genomic, image processing and analytics workloads required for millions of patients, especially in oncology clinics. Computational solutions based on heterogeneous hardware platforms like FPGAs have the potential to enable rollout of personalized care for large numbers of patients. We review several clinical use cases to shed light on how FPGA-based solutions can lead to large performance gains and tackle the computational bottlenecks in precision medicine. The biggest barrier to FPGA adoption is their accessibility and the steep learning curve for many bioinformatics and precision medicine codebase development groups. We describe new standard libraries and development environments that will facilitate FPGA-based development and show how they enable performance improvements with modest effort investment.
Anatomic surface reconstruction from sampled point cloud data and prior models. (2014)

In this paper, we propose an approach for reconstruction of an anatomic surface model from point cloud data using the Screened Poisson Surface Reconstruction algorithm, which requires a collection of points and their normal vectors. Various algorithms exist for estimating normal vectors for point cloud data; however, in this work we describe a novel approach to estimating the normal vectors from a high-resolution prior model. In many medical applications, a preoperative high-resolution scan is acquired for diagnostic and planning purposes, whereas intraoperative, lower fidelity imaging is utilized during the procedure. This approach assumes an already existing registration between intra-operatively acquired data and the preoperative model. We conducted simulation experiments to evaluate the effect of registration error, point sampling rate, and noise levels on the acquired point cloud data samples. In addition, we evaluated the effect of using both the closest point, as well as a neighborhood of closest points on the prior model for estimating the normal. Our results showed that surface reconstruction error increases with higher registration error; however, acceptable performance was achieved with clinically-acceptable registration error. In addition, the best reconstruction was obtained when estimating the normal using only the closest point on the prior model, as opposed to utilizing a neighborhood of points. When combining the effect of all factors (Gaussian sampling noise of zero mean and σ=1.8mm; Gaussian translational error of zero mean and σ=2.0mm; and Gaussian rotational error of zero mean and σ=3°) the overall RMS reconstruction error was 0.88±0.03mm.
Abstract 4529: Prognostic implications of TSPO in human colorectal cancer (2012)

Abstract Translocator protein (TSPO), previously referred to as peripheral benzodiazepine receptor, is an 18kDa outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in a number of cellular processes including steroid synthesis, cholesterol metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis. Elevated TSPO expression has been linked with disease progression, diminished survival, and aggressiveness in a number of cancers. Studies conducted in our laboratory have demonstrated that positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with TSPO targeted probes can be used to non-invasively quantify TSPO levels in tumors. These imaging studies suggest that TSPO ligand PET may be a valuable clinical cancer imaging biomarker. In the current studies, TSPO expression in human colon cancer and paired liver metastases was evaluated using tissue microarrays. These arrays were constructed using 99 primary colon cancers and 95 matched primary colon cancers and liver metastases from Vanderbilt patients with known clinical outcomes. Among these, we found that nearly 2/3 of the colon cancers were positive for TSPO expression (64%). Similar to previous studies in other organ sites, elevated TSPO expression was significantly associated with higher tumor grade in the Vanderbilt cohort of CRC patients. Among patients with grade 2 or grade 3 tumors, an individual with elevated TSPO expression was 3 times more likely to have a grade 3 tumor than a grade 2 tumor. In comparing matched primary colon cancers and associated liver metastases, we found a strong concordance between TSPO levels and localization across matched specimens. No correlation was observed between TSPO expression and Ki67 or pEGFR levels suggesting the potentially unique information provided by the measurement of TSPO levels. In conclusion, clinically relevant prognostic information can be obtained by the measurement of TSPO expression in colorectal cancer. Thus, TSPO targeted PET may be a promising-non invasive biomarker in this setting. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4529. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4529
Rapid and label-free, electrochemical DNA detection utilizing the oxidase-mimicking activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (2018)

We herein developed a simple and ultrafast electrochemical DNA detection method by utilizing the oxidase-mimicking activity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2). In the sensor, the presence of DNA, which electrostatically interacts with CeO2 and 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate, limits the formation of CeO2-TMB complex that is required for the oxidase-like reaction. As a result, the oxidase-mimicking activity of CeO2 is not effectively exerted, leading to the significantly diminished electrochemical current signal. With this novel strategy, we successfully determined DNA amplicon derived from Escherichia coli (E. coli) with the total assay time less than 6 min even without the post-purification of DNA amplicon.
Multicore optical fiber and connectors for high bandwidth density, short reach optical links (2013)

Multicore fiber technology can play a key role in very high bandwidth density optical interconnects that will be needed for short range communications in next-generation data centers and high performance computers.
Determining anomericity of the glycosidic bond in Zn(II)-diethylenetriamine-disaccharide complexes using MSnin a quadrupole ion trap (1999)

Zinc-diethylenetriamine (Zn-dien) N-glycoside complexes of four 1,4 and four 1,6 linked disaccharides are prepared. Each reaction mixture is ionized by electrospray and the resulting species [Zn(dien)(disaccharide)-H]+ is allowed to undergo collision-induced dissociation in a quadrupole ion trap. An MS3 analysis is used to differentiate alpha versus beta anomericity of the glycosidic bond in the disaccharide moiety. In addition, the MS2 and MS3 spectra can be used together to determine the linkage position of this glycosidic bond.
Quantitative in vivo measurement of central benzodiazepine receptors in the brain of cats by use of positron-emission tomography and [11C]flumazenil (2003)

Binding of [11C]flumazenil to BZRs in the brain of cats can be quantitatively measured by use of PET with the aid of PET-MRI registration. It is difficult to diagnose changes in these neuroreceptors within the field of current veterinary science. In the future, PET should prove useful for investigating and diagnosing brain disorders in animals in clinical settings.