gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Syntheses of 2‐(1‐Aminoethyl)phenols (2004)

Abstract Three different routes were probed for the synthesis of enantiomerically enriched 2‐(1‐aminoethyl)phenols and their methyl ethers. The first route centers on diastereoselective nucleophile addition to chiral imines. The second route has as key steps the enantioselective reduction of a ketone followed by nucleophilic substitution, and the third route involves a diastereoselective imine reduction. The efficiency of the approach depends on the substrate substitution pattern. All three methods work well for the parent compound 2‐(1‐aminoethyl)phenol ( 1 ) but the third route is the most efficient, providing the compound with &gt;96% enantiomer excess in three steps with an overall yield of 71%. Conversely, for the ortho ‐methyl analogue 2 , the first method is best. For the t ‐Bu‐substituted analogue 3 , only moderate enantiomeric enrichment was achieved.
Pharmacokinetics of Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone and Its Parent Drug Nitrofurazone in Rabbits (2013)

The prodrug hydroximethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) presents antichagasic activity with greatly reduced toxicity compared to its drug matrix nitrofurazone (NF). Besides these new characteristics, the prodrug was more active against the parasite T. cruzi amastigotes. These advantages make the prodrug a possible therapeutic alternative for the treatment of both acute and the chronic phase of Chagas disease. However, the knowledge of pharmacokinetic profile is crucial to evaluate the feasibility of a new drug. In this study, our objective was to evaluate the in vivo formation of NF from the NFOH single administration and to evaluate its pharmacokinetic profile and compared it to NF administration. A bioanalytical method to determine the NF and NFOH by LCMS/MS was developed and validated to perform these investigations. Male albino rabbits (n=15) received NF intravenously and orally in doses of 6.35 and 63.5 mg / kg respectively, and NFOH, 80.5 mg / kg orally. The serial blood samples were processed and analyzed by mass spectrometry. The system operated in positive and negative modes for the analites determination, under elution of the mobile phase 50:50 water: methanol. The administration of NFOH allowed the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters for the prodrug, and the NF obtained from NFOH administration. Using the pharmacokinetic profile obtained from the NF i.v. administration, the oral bioavailability of NF from the administered prodrug was obtained (60.1%) and, as a key parameter in a prodrug administration, should be considered in future studies. The i.v. and oral administrations of NF differ in the constant of elimination (0.04 vs 0.002) and elimination half-life (17.32 min vs 276.09 min) due to the low solubility of the drug that hinders the formation of molecular dispersions in the digestory tract. Still, there was observed no statistical differences were observed between the pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered NF and NF obtained from NFOH. The calculated area under the curve (AUC 0-∞) showed that the exposure to the parental drug was fairly the same (844.79 vs 566.44) for NF and NF obtained from the prodrug administration. The tendency to higher NF's mean residence time (MRT) as observed in the prodrug administration (956.1 min vs 496.3 min) guarantees longer time for the action of the drug and it allows the expansion of the administration intervals. These findings, added with the beneficial characteristics of the prodrug encourage new efficacy tests towards the clinical use of NFOH.
Further evidence for the presence of androgen receptors in the lungs and in the head appendages of the cock (1977)

The presence of cytoplasmic dihydrotestosterone receptors in the lungs, the comb, the wattle, and the ear lobes of the cock was demonstrated by sucrose density-gradient centrifugation. All these tissues exhibited saturable 'in vitro' binding of dihydrotestosterone in the 8–11S region of the gradient. When 0.5 M KCl was added to the lung, wattle, and comb cytosols and to the gradients, the radioactive dihydrotestosterone migrated in the 4–5S region. These studies suggest that the mechanism of action of androgens in the head appendages of the cock and in other target tissues is similar.
Search for pair production of heavy top-like quarks decaying to a high-pT W boson and a b quark in the lepton plus jets final state at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2012)

A search is presented for production of a heavy up-type quark (t ) together with its antiparticle, assuming&#13;\na significant branching ratio for subsequent decay into a W boson and a b quark. The search is based&#13;\non 4.7 fb−1 of pp collisions at&#13;\n√&#13;\ns = 7 TeV recorded in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large&#13;\nHadron Collider. Data are analyzed in the lepton + jets final state, characterized by a high-transversemomentum&#13;\nisolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and at least three jets. The&#13;\nanalysis strategy relies on the substantial boost of the W bosons in the t ¯t signal when mt 400 GeV.&#13;\nNo significant excess of events above the Standard Model expectation is observed and the result of&#13;\nthe search is interpreted in the context of fourth-generation and vector-like quark models. Under the&#13;\nassumption of a branching ratio BR(t → Wb) = 1, a fourth-generation t quark with mass lower than&#13;\n656 GeV is excluded at 95% confidence level. In addition, in light of the recent discovery of a new boson&#13;\nof mass ∼126 GeV at the LHC, upper limits are derived in the two-dimensional plane of BR(t → Wb)&#13;\nversus BR(t →Ht), where H is the Standard Model Higgs boson, for vector-like quarks of various masses.
The Interaction of Thioredoxin with Txnip (2006)

The thioredoxin system plays an important role in maintaining a reducing environment in the cell. Recently, several thioredoxin binding partners have been identified and proposed to mediate aspects of redox signaling, but the significance of these interactions is unclear in part due to incomplete understanding of the mechanism for thioredoxin binding. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) is critical for regulation of glucose metabolism, the only currently known function of which is to bind and inhibit thioredoxin. We explored the mechanism of the Txnip-thioredoxin interaction and present evidence that Txnip and thioredoxin form a stable disulfide-linked complex. We identified two Txnip cysteines that are important for thioredoxin binding and showed that this interaction is consistent with a disulfide exchange reaction between oxidized Txnip and reduced thioredoxin. These cysteines are not conserved in the broader family of arrestin domain-containing proteins, and we demonstrate that the thioredoxin-binding property of Txnip is unique. These data suggest that Txnip is a target of reduced thioredoxin and provide insight into the potential role of Txnip as a redox-sensitive signaling protein.
Parameter Selection for the TESLA Keychain (2018)

In this work, the threats to TESLA and the TESLA keychain are evaluated and the weak points in the implementation are identified. Modes of attack are modeled to emulate the effort required for an attacker to break the security of the TESLA keychain. This effort is contextualized with the window of vulnerability which is directly related to the length of the keychain and other variables. The effort required to break TESLA as these variables change is calculated using probabilistic models. While observing the variables’ consequences to security, an analysis is carried out that yield recommendations for a secure implementation of the TESLA keychain.
Identification of Arcanobacterium (Trueperella) abortisuis, a novel species of veterinary importance, by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). (2012)

In the present study A. (T.) abortisuis isolated from pigs and bovines could be reliably identified by determination of phenotypic properties, genotypically by polymerase chain reaction with the help of A. (T.) abortisuis 16s-23S rDNA intergenic spacer region specific oligonucleotide primer and by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). The latter appeared to be a promising tool for fast and cost effective identification of this species and might help to elucidate the role A. (T.) abortisuis plays in infections of pigs, bovines, possibly other animals or humans.
Silicon based nano lead for single cell recording (2005)

In this paper "nano lead" is defined as a submicron scale electrode for recording a neural activity from a single cell. The nano lead was fabricated with the technique of EB direct writing, DRIE, and FIB. The tiny recording site of the nano lead made very high electrode impedance at the low frequency, 100 M/spl Omega/ at 100 Hz and 500 M/spl Omega/ at DC. It caused the base line of the nerve potential unstable, but the IPSP signals of Aplysia were measured clearly.
Densely packed optoelectronic interconnect using micromachined springs (2002)

We demonstrate a novel optoelectronic packaging technology interconnecting 200 element independently addressable vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser arrays on 6-μm pitch to silicon driver chips with equally dense output lines. The room-temperature flip-chip process utilizes micromachined cantilevers for establishing electrical contact. Thermal cycling and thermal shock tests show excellent package reliability.
Temperature-dependent photoluminescence of Ge/Si and Ge1-ySny/Si, indicating possible indirect-to-direct bandgap transition at lower Sn content (2013)

Temperature (T)-dependent photoluminescence (PL) has been investigated for both p-Ge and n-Ge1-ySny films grown on Si substrates. For the p-Ge, strong direct bandgap (ED) along with weak indirect bandgap related (EID) PL at low temperatures (LTs) and strong ED PL at room temperature (RT) were observed. In contrast, for the n-Ge1-ySny, very strong dominant EID PL at LT and strong ED PL were observed at RT. This T-dependent PL study indicates that the indirect-to-direct bandgap transitions of Ge1-ySny might take place at much lower Sn contents than the theory predicts, suggesting that these Ge1-ySny could become very promising direct bandgap semiconductors.
Integrated optics applications for ferroelectric materials (1983)

Abstract The field of integrated optics is concerned with the development of thin-film components for performing a variety of operations on guided light beams-modulation, switching, beam deflection, frequency shifting, directional coupling, frequency-selective coupling, power division, frequency mixing, etc. Most integrated optics research in recent years has employed lithium niobate as the substrate material. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art in ferroelectric components for integrated optics, and discusses applications in communications, signal processing, and sensor systems. The need for substrate materials with improved electrooptic and acoustooptic properties and lower susceptibility to optical damage is also discussed.
Non‐Ideal Radio Frequency Front‐End Models in 60GHz Systems (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: RF Front-End Architecture Nonlinear Power Amplifier Phase Noise from Oscillators Other RF Non-Idealities References
Amorphous? Again?? (2016)

Amorphous?Again?? by John F
A concept for a gas-filter correlation radiometer to remotely sense the atmospheric carbon dioxide column from space (2003)

Concern about the climatic effects of anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO/sub 2/) has resulted in a growing need, both scientifically and politically, to monitor atmospheric CO/sub 2/. The development of a satellite instrument which could measure the global distribution of atmospheric CO/sub 2/ would greatly improve our understanding of the global carbon cycle and provide a means of monitoring regional sources and sinks. In this paper, we propose and analyse the potential of a nadir-viewing, satellite-based remote sensing instrument consisting of a Gas-Filter Correlation Radiometer (GFCR) tuned to the 6300 cm/sup -1/ (1.6 /spl mu/m) region to globally measure the atmospheric CO/sub 2/ column.
An improved method for measurement of change in skin roughness caused by cleansing products under mild application conditions (2011)

A simple, fast, and objective evaluation of skin surface topography was performed using a modified soap chamber test and a non-invasive 3D analysis system. The results suggest that measurement of skin roughness using a non-invasive 3D analysis system might be a good method for the evaluation of a subtle change caused by cleansing products under mild application conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on the Total Synthesis of Lactacystin. An Improved Aldol Coupling Reaction and a β‐Lactone Intermediate in Thiol Ester Formation. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MASSIVE ACCUMULATION OF PHYTOENE INDUCED BY NORFLURAZON IN DUNALIELLA BARDAWIL (CHLOROPHYCEAE) PREVENTS RECOVERY FROM PHOTOINHIBITION1 (1987)

ABSTRACT The effects of nanomolar to micromolar concentrations of the herbicide norflurazon were studied in Dunaliella bardawil Ben‐Amotz et Avron, a β‐carotene‐accumulating halotolerant alga. The large amount of β‐carotene which Dunaliella bardawil can contain, around 8% of the algal dry weight, is reduced to 0.2% by treatment with 100 nm norflurazon. Simultaneously, phytoene is accumulated to a similar level of about 8%. The gradual increase in phytoene content, in response to increasing norflurazon concentrations, corresponds to the decrease in β‐carotene, with no evident change in other isoprenoid intermediates. Carotene‐rich Dunaliella bardawil is substantially resistant to high‐intensity photoinhibition. This resistance is lost in cells grown to contain low β‐carotene and in the norflurazon‐treated phytoene‐rich cells. These observations are in agreement with the hypothesis that the accumulated β‐carotene in Dunaliella bardawil protects the cells against injury by excessive irradiation.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reagents, Reactions, and Peptidomimetics for Drug Design. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
In situ, real-time observation of Al chemical-vapor deposition on SiO2 in an environmental transmission electron microscope (1995)

A technique for in situ observation of chemical-vapor deposition (CVD) is demonstrated. An environmental transmission electron microscope with 3.8 Å resolution was used for real-time, in situ observation of Al CVD onto SiO2 from trimethylamine alane (TMAA). Nominal TMAA pressures from 50 to 400 mTorr and substrate temperatures from 50 to 200 °C were investigated for deposition onto both TiCl4 pretreated and untreated surfaces. For deposition onto untreated surfaces, low nucleation densities and polycrystalline, dendritelike growth were observed for all deposition temperatures with deposition commencing at about 150 °C. Deposition on TiCl4-treated surfaces resulted in polycrystalline films with grain sizes of a few nm and lower-temperature (100 °C) growth.
Channel-Dependent Code Allocation for Downlink MC-CDMA System Aided Physical Layer Security (2022)

Spreading codes are the core of the spread spectrum transmission. In this paper, a novel channel-dependent code allocation procedure for enhancing security in multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system is proposed and investigated over frequency-selective fading. The objective of the proposed technique is to assign the codes to every subcarrier of active/legitimate receivers (Rxs) based on their channel frequency response (CFR). By that, we ensure security for legitimate Rxs against eavesdropping while preserving mutual confidentiality between the legitimate Rxs themselves. To do so, two assigning modes; fixed assigning mode (FAM) and adaptive assigning mode (AAM), are exploited. The effect of the channel estimation error and the number of legitimate Rxs on the bit error rate (BER) performance is studied. The presented simulations show that AAM provides better security with a complexity trade-off compared to FAM. While the latter is more robust against the imperfection of channel estimation.
Training Learned Optimizers with Randomly Initialized Learned Optimizers (2021)

Learned optimizers are increasingly effective, with performance exceeding that of hand designed optimizers such as Adam~\citep{kingma2014adam} on specific tasks \citep{metz2019understanding}. Despite the potential gains available, in current work the meta-training (or `outer-training') of the learned optimizer is performed by a hand-designed optimizer, or by an optimizer trained by a hand-designed optimizer \citep{metz2020tasks}. We show that a population of randomly initialized learned optimizers can be used to train themselves from scratch in an online fashion, without resorting to a hand designed optimizer in any part of the process. A form of population based training is used to orchestrate this self-training. Although the randomly initialized optimizers initially make slow progress, as they improve they experience a positive feedback loop, and become rapidly more effective at training themselves. We believe feedback loops of this type, where an optimizer improves itself, will be important and powerful in the future of machine learning. These methods not only provide a path towards increased performance, but more importantly relieve research and engineering effort.
Figure S1 from Modulation of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Controls CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell Activation and Antitumor Function (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ER stress chaperone grp78 is upregulated in response to TCR stimulation&lt;/p&gt;
Field Research Is Essential to Counter Virological Threats (2023)

The interface between humans and wildlife is changing and, with it, the potential for pathogen introduction into humans has increased. Avian influenza is a prominent example, with an ongoing outbreak showing the unprecedented expansion of both geographic and host ranges. Research in the field is essential to understand this and other zoonotic threats. Only by monitoring dynamic viral populations and defining their biology <i>in situ</i> can we gather the information needed to ensure effective pandemic preparation.
Room-Temperature Bonding for Plastic High-Pressure Microfluidic Chips (2007)

A generic method for the rapid, reproducible, and robust bonding of microfluidic chips fabricated from plastics has been developed and optimized. One of the bonding surfaces is exposed to solvent vapor prior to bringing the mating parts into contact and applying a load. Nanoindentation measurements performed by atomic force microscopy show that a reversible material softening occurs upon exposure to solvent vapor. Subsequent exposure of the bonded chip to UV light then strengthens the bond between mating parts and increases the burst pressure by 50% due to partial cross-linking and chain scission reactions as measured by size exclusion chromatography-multiangle light scattering (SEC-MALS). Performing all steps of this procedure at room temperature eliminates channel distortion observed during thermal bonding and affords channels with highly uniform cross-sectional dimensions. Our technique enables chips resistant to pressures as high as 34.6 MPa.
MOSFET charger controller circuit for on chip power cells in aeronautical applications (2009)

Integrated microbatteries are being currently developed to act as a ldquomicropowerrdquo source in microsatellites. They help provide localized current capacities or embedded power supplies at the chip level, for space exploration. These power cells are designed to be rechargeable. This research paper aims at presenting charging these power cells using pulsing algorithms developed at MRCI with an on chip pulse charger controller.
A UML Profile for Real-Time System Modelling with Rate Monotonic Analysis (2006)

The uses of both the Unified Modelling Language and Rate Monotonic Analysis are increasing in the development of real-time systems. While both are addressing their usage it remains to be seen a clear, defined link between both UML and RMA. We present here a profile based upon the OMG’s UML Real-Time Profile (Schedulability Analysis Subsection) that allows the placement of timing information and the subsequent generation of RMA models from UML models.
Chemometrics Applied to Quantitative Analysis of Ternary Mixtures by Terahertz Spectroscopy (2014)

Chemometrics was applied to qualitative and quantitative analyses of terahertz spectra obtained in transmission mode. A series of mixtures of three pure analytes, namely, citric acid, D-(-)fructose, and α-lactose monohydrate under various concentrations, was prepared as pressed pellets with polyethylene as binder. Then, terahertz absorbance spectra were recorded by terahertz time domain spectroscopy and analyzed. First, principal component analysis allowed one to correctly locate the samples into a ternary diagram. Second, quantitative analysis was achieved by partial least-squares (PLS) regression and artificial neural networks (ANN). The concentrations were predicted with values of relative mean square error lower than 0.9% for the three constituents. As a conclusion, chemometrics was demonstrated to be very efficient for the analysis of the ternary mixtures prepared for this study.
Ectopic foci do not co‐locate with ventricular epicardial stretch during early acute regional ischemia in isolated pig hearts (2022)

Ectopic activation during early acute regional ischemia may initiate fatal reentrant arrhythmias. However, the origin of this ectopy remains poorly understood. Studies suggest that systolic stretch arising from dyskinesia in ischemic tissue may cause ectopic depolarization due to cardiac mechanosensitivity. The aim of this study was to investigate the link between mechanical stretch and ectopic electrical activation during early acute regional ischemia. We used a recently developed optical mapping technique capable of simultaneous imaging of mechanical deformation and electrical activation in isolated hearts. Eight domestic swine hearts were prepared in left ventricular working mode (LVW), in which the left ventricle was loaded and contracting. In an additional eight non-working (NW) hearts, contraction was pharmacologically suppressed with blebbistatin and the left ventricle was not loaded. In both groups, the left anterior descending coronary artery was tied below the first diagonal branch. Positive mechanical stretch (bulging) during systole was observed in the ischemic zones of LVW, but not NW, hearts. During ischemia phase 1a (0-15 min post-occlusion), LVW hearts had more ectopic beats than NW hearts (median: 19, interquartile range: 10-28 vs. median: 2, interquartile range: 1-6; p = 0.02); but the difference during phase 1b (15-60 min post-occlusion) was not significant (median: 27, interquartile range: 22-42 vs. median: 16, interquartile range: 12-31; p = 0.37). Ectopic beats arose preferentially from the ischemic border zone in both groups (p < 0.01). In LVW hearts, local mechanical stretch was only occasionally co-located with ectopic foci (9 of 69 ectopic beats). Despite the higher rate of ectopy observed in LVW hearts during ischemia phase 1a, the ectopic beats generally did not arise by the hypothesized mechanism in which ectopic foci are generated by co-local epicardial mechanical stretch.