gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Separation of precious metals using selective mesoporous adsorbents (2007)

The mesoporous NH2-MCM-41 adsorbent prepared by grafting aminopropyls on MCM-41 is selective towards gold and palladium adsorptions and can separate these precious metals from complex solutions containing other metal ions such as cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc. Adsorption is rapid and the adsorbent’s capacity for gold is better or comparable to most carbonaceous adsorbents including activated carbons. Furthermore, NH2-MCM-41 can separate palladium from gold solution at pH1.0 with excellent selectivity and capacity. Thus, it is possible to design a two steps separation process for the separation of palladium and then gold from the complex solution. A simple acid wash was sufficient to recover the adsorbed palladium and gold as concentrated, high purity (i.e., > 95%) metal salt solutions and the regenerated adsorbent was reused without lost of performance.
Polarization-dependent femtosecond laser filamentation in air (2018)

We report on a systematic study of the laser polarization effect on
				a femtosecond laser filamentation in air. By changing the laser’s
				ellipticity from linear polarization to circular polarization, the onset
				position of laser filament formation becomes farther from the focusing
				optics, the filament length is shorter, and less laser energy is
				deposited. The laser polarization effect on air filaments is supported by
				a simulation and analysis of the polarization-dependent critical power and
				ionization rates in air.
The quenching of ortho ‐positronium (2009)

Abstract Ortho‐positronium ( o ‐Ps), which self‐annihilates into 3 γ with a lifetime of 142ns, may be quenched through various interactions with atoms and molecules. The quenching process of o ‐Ps in gases, (i) pick‐off quenching, (ii) attachment (chemical) quenching, (iii) spin conversion quenching through electron exchange, (iv) spin conversion quenching through spin‐orbit interaction with a heavy atom, are reviewed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Use of Raman Spectroscopy and Phase-Contrast Microscopy To Characterize Cold Atmospheric Plasma Inactivation of Individual Bacterial Spores (2016)

Much research has shown that cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a promising tool for the inactivation of spores in the medical and food industries. However, knowledge about the effects of plasma treatment on spore properties is limited, especially at the single-cell level. In this study, Raman spectroscopy and phase-contrast microscopy were used to analyze CaDPA levels and kinetics of nutrient- and non-nutrient-germinant-induced germination of multiple individual spores of Bacillus subtilis that were treated by a planar CAP device. The roles of different plasma species involved in spore inactivation were also investigated. The knowledge obtained in this study will aid in understanding the mechanism(s) of spore inactivation by CAP and potentially facilitate the development of more effective and efficient plasma sterilization techniques in various applications.
Rates Factors and Global Asset Allocation (2020)

Style factors that are prominent in other asset classes, such as carry, value, momentum, and defensive, do extend to the fixed income domain as well. We investigate factor investing across global government bonds and the use of such rates factors for a multi-asset investor. These rates factors significantly improve the investment opportunity set of investors, representing valuable tail hedges and offering diversification potential. Furthermore, complementing conservative multi-asset strategies by rates factors can enhance returns and reduce the likelihood and severity of downturns not only in-sample, but also in out-of-sample portfolio simulations.
Results and questions aboutStructural properties of molecules inside carbon nanotubes (2018)

Results and questions aboutStructural properties of molecules inside carbon nanotubes
Liquid filled prismatic louver façade for enhanced indoor natural lighting in commercial buildings (2012)

A liquid filled prismatic louver façade design is presented for (a) redirecting sunlight deeper into an office space and thus enhancing indoor natural lighting, and (b) harnessing solar energy for heat gain.
β-Lapachone (LAPA) Decreases Cell Viability and Telomerase Activity in Leukemia Cells: Suppression of Telomerase Activity by LAPA (2010)

Up-regulation of telomerase activity is associated with immortalization and unlimited cell division in most cancer cells. Therefore, telomerase represents a particularly attractive target for anticancer therapy. Recent reports have suggested that beta-lapachone (LAPA), the product of the South American Tabebuia avellanedae tree, inhibits growth of tumor cells. However, the underlying relationship between telomerase activity and apoptosis in response to LAPA exposure in leukemia cells remains poorly understood. In this study, we confirmed that LAPA treatment induces direct cytotoxicity in human leukemia cells (U937, K562, HL60, and THP-1) through activation of caspase-3 and subsequent cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. The observed induction of cell death was associated with decreased telomerase activity, which was ascribed to down-regulation of telomerase reverse transcriptase. Additionally, overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 could not overcome the induction of apoptosis or the decreased telomerase activity in response to treatment of U937 cells with LAPA. We conclude that LAPA has a direct cytotoxic effect and the loss of telomerase activity in leukemia cells.
Improvement of efficiency of the Ce(IV)-induced DNA scission -- Relationship between the kinetic parameters (kcat and Km) and the DNA structure- (1999)

The Michaelis constant (Km) for double-stranded DNA, single-stranded DNA, and dinucleotide hydrolysis by Ce(IV) ion are 4.4, 15, and more than 40 mM, respectively. The order of the k(cat), however, is dinucleotide >> oligonucleotides. Not only the improvement of k(cat) but also that of Km is important for the design of an efficient artificial nuclease.
Novel reconfigurable antennas using Liquid Crystals Elastomers (2015)

In this paper, normal and axial mode reconfigurable antennas are considered. Shape memory polymer actuators called Liquid Crystal Elastomers (LCEs) are used to dynamically change antennas. Specifically, a controlled heat source is utilized to the geometry of antennas. The proposed antennas were fabricated to fixed states to allow measurements to be performed and illustrate the antenna reconfigurability between normal and axial mode. Measurements are compared with simulations.
N-tert-Butyl-1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl Nitroxide (2007)

[188526-94-5] C13H29NO4P (MW 294.35) InChI = 1S/C13H29NO4P/c1-9-17-19(16,18-10-2)11(12(3,4)5)14(15)13(6,7)8/h11H,9-10H2,1-8H3 InChIKey = XVWOLKBRGCIQGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (initiating/controlling agent nitroxide medited polymerization,1, 2 intermediate in tin-free radical chemistry for radical cyclization3) Alternative Name: SG1. Physical Data: yellow-orange liquid, mp −17.7 °C, flash point 49 °C, decomposes on heating >197 °C (12.11 kPa), autoignition temperature 211 °C. Solubility: water (16.86 g L−1), hydrocarbons, and chlorinated solvents, diethyl ether. Form Supplied in: liquid. Analysis of Reagent Purity: reverse-phase HPLC analysis (Chromolith RP18e Merck column (100 × 4.6 mm); eluent: 30/70, v/v acetonitrile/water mixture; flow rate: 2 ml min−1; detection at 210 nm). Elution time: 10.4 min. Purification: chromatography on silica (eluent: chloroform/isopropyl ether, 91/9, v/v). Handling, Storage, and Purification: storage and handling precautions applicable to products: flammable liquid, harmful, irritant, sensitizer.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Route to Highly Functionalized Tetrahydrofurans by Stereocontrolled Silicon‐Directed Cyclization. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sistema de autolisis celular para el procesado de la biomasa bacteriana en la producción de polihidroxialcanoatos en Pseudomonas putida KT2440 (2011)

Sistema de autolisis celular para el procesado de la biomasa bacteriana en la producción de polihidroxialcanoatos en Pseudomonas putida KT2440.&#13;\nLa presente invención se refiere a una cepa bacteriana&#13;\nde Pseudomonas putida KT2440, que comprende un sistema&#13;\ngenético heterólogo lítico donde dicho sistema a su&#13;\nvez comprende la secuencia nucleotídica que codifica la&#13;\nenzima lítica de pared celular endolisina Ejl, la secuencia&#13;\nnucleotídica que codifica la holina Ejh, y una secuencia&#13;\nnucleotídica que codifica un sistema de regulación génica,&#13;\nque a su vez comprende una secuencia nucleotídica&#13;\npromotora de la expresión génica, y una secuencia nucleotídica&#13;\nque codifica y expresa una proteína reguladora&#13;\nde dicha expresión génica. Preferiblemente la cepa es&#13;\nel microorganismo con número de depósito CECT 7659.&#13;\nAdemás, la presente invención también se refiere a dicha&#13;\ncepa donde el microorganismo Pseudomonas putida&#13;\nKT2440 es mutante en uno o más de los genes to/palo&#13;\nPreferiblemente dicha cepa es el microorganismo con&#13;\nnúmero de depósito CECT 7658. Además, la presente&#13;\ninvención se refiere al uso de cualquiera de las cepas&#13;\ndescritas para la extracción de polihidroxialcanoato (PHA)&#13;\nsintetizado por dicha bacteria así como a un método para&#13;\nla extracción de dicho compuesto.
Future highly-efficient optical networks (2005)

In the 10-year horizon, optical networks may take evolutionary or revolutionary paths towards higher capacity, robustness, configurability, and flexibility. We will explore key technical challenges that are being pursued within the areas of monitoring for plug-&-play operation, packet switching, and traffic convergence.
Modeling the Effect of Conduction Band Density of States on Interface Trap Occupation and Its Influence on 4H-SiC MOSFET Performance (2009)

Interface traps play a crucial role in determining total mobile charge available for conduction and also in determining low field mobility in 4H-SiC MOSFETs. They are important in determining current and transconductance in these devices. Accurate calculation of the interface trap density is essential for characterization of transport in 4H-SiC MOS devices. Typical conduction band edge density of states for traps can reach values comparable to electron states in the conduction band. Therefore, it is necessary to include traps located in the conduction band while calculating occupied trap densities. Using DOS calculated by DFT method, we show that trap and electron DOS are comparable up to 200 meV inside the conduction band, and use this to calculate occupied trap densities and currents for 4H-SiC MOSFETs. Validation of this occupation model is achieved by excellent comparison of simulated and measured current-voltage characteristics for MOSFETs with a wide range of channel doping values.
Spin-Polarized Scanning Electron Microscope for Magnetic Domain Observation (1985)

Spatial resolution of magnetic domain images obtained with a spin-polarized scanning electron microscope has been improved to a level of 1 µm for an iron sample. This value has been primarily obtained by using a field emission gun.
Antitumor Activities of the Novel Isosteviol Derivative 10C Against Liver Cancer (2017)

Taken together, in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that isosteviol derivative 10C induced apoptosis in HepG2 cells, blocked angiogenic signaling and it did not induce any apparent toxicity towards the treated hosts which merits further investigation at clinical level.
Probiotic Effects of Non-viable Lactic Acid Bacteria (2019)

Lactic acid bacteria, led by members of the Lactobacillus genus, represent the main group of microorganisms whose probiotic properties have been studied and recognized. In 2014, the number of published research articles concerning the use of non-viable microorganisms for human applications represented 12% of the total, and all were focused on Lactobacillus. The ability of non-viable microorganisms to stimulate a host response following their adherence to the epithelial lining of the gut mucosa relies on the capacity of the host’s cells to recognize specific bacterial cell wall components or products. Despite evidence of certain health benefits, the exact mode of action by which non-viable cells exert effects on the host, beyond their viability, is largely unknown. Probiotic experts, including members of the expert panel convened by the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, support the requirement for probiotic strains to comprise live bacteria, thus excluding dead or non-viable organisms that may nevertheless convey a health benefit to the host.
BatDrone: A 9.83M-focal-points/s 7.76µs-Latency Ultrasound Imaging System with On-Chip Per-Voxel RX Beamfocusing for 7m-Range Drone Applications (2022)

Imaging technologies are important in the era of drones/mobile vision systems. A CIS provides high-fidelity images with low latency, but it is vulnerable to low/complex light conditions and lacks depth information; LiDAR provides depth information but is bulky and over 50W in power [1]. An Ultrasound Imaging Sensor (UIS), on the other hand, is a promising choice for depth sensing under all-light conditions (day/night/complex); it also consumes orders of magnitude less power than LiDAR with a smaller form-factor. However, conventional UIS systems often rely on off-chip image processing [2]–[4] and use multi-shot TX beamforming, causing multi-Watt power consumption and slow response. Moreover, many are designed for short-range biomedical diagnostics [2]–[5] and are difficult to adapt to mid-range fast-response (sub-50ms) imaging applications such as drone/mobile vision systems. To address these issues, we present a UIS SoC that adopts 1-shot TX with a fully on-chip per-voxel RX beamfocusing (PV-RXBF) (Fig. 32.1.1). The SoC shows 7.76µs image reconstruction latency at 9.83M focal-points/s while consuming 142.3mW and covering 7m range.
Rapid isotopic exchange in nanoparticles (2019)

Rapid solution-state exchange dynamics in nanoscale pieces of matter is revealed, taking isotopically pure atomically precise clusters as examples. As two isotopically pure silver clusters made of <sup>107</sup>Ag and <sup>109</sup>Ag are mixed, an isotopically mixed cluster of the same entity results, similar to the formation of HDO, from H<sub>2</sub>O and D<sub>2</sub>O. This spontaneous process is driven by the entropy of mixing and involves events at multiple time scales.
2PT162 Exclusion of the active site waters by substrate in cytochrome P450cam(The 50th Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society of Japan) (2012)

Tl]chnotogy
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Benzylquinolones: Novel, Potent Inhibitors of Mammalian Topoisomerase II. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development and performance of universal readout harness for the Simons Observatory (2022)

The Simons Observatory (SO) is a ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) survey experiment that consists of three 0.5 m small-aperture telescopes and one 6 m large-aperture telescope, sited at an elevation of 5200 m in the Atacama Desert in Chile. SO will utilize more than 60,000 transition edge sensors (TES) to observe CMB temperature and polarization in six frequency bands from 27-280 GHz. Common to both the small and large aperture telescope receivers (LATR) is the 300K-4K Universal Readout Harness (URH), which supports up to 600 DC bias lines and 24 radio frequency (RF) channels consisting of input and output coaxial cables, input attenuators and custom high dynamic range 40K low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) on the output readout coaxial cable. Each RF channel can read out up to 1000 TES detectors. In this paper, we will present the design and characterization of the six URHs constructed for the initial phase of SO deployment.
Analysis of CMP planarization performance for STI process. (2001)

CMP has now been adopted not only for ILD and W-plug, but also for Cu metal and STI. In the STI CMP process, the wafer has some defined waviness, and it has recently been reported that this waviness may affect the STI CMP yield. The principle purpose of CMP is to planarize relatively with larger scale than small topography. Therefore, there may be a range of wafer topography in which the STI pattern may be over polished, depending on its peak-to-valley and frequency. The range and dishing performance of STI are calculated based on step height performance, which is in turn calculated by FEM. In this analysis, CMP is defined as four types of regions; the step height region in which the planarization performance of step height reduction is required, the uniform material region in which uniform polish is required, the non-uniform material region in which the planarization performance of dishing and erosion reduction is required and the substrate region in which defect reduction is required. The allowable peak-to-valley value and its frequency are calculated. It has also been reported that slurry selectivity can decrease this effect, together with disadvantage.
A thermally stimulated depolarization current study of polymers in the glass transition region (2001)

Abstract The low‐frequency dielectric properties of a number of polymers, composites and blends have been studied using a thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) apparatus that was designed and constructed in‐house. The TSDC technique can be used to determine the glass transition of a polymer sample. This TSDC glass transition temperature has been shown to be very similar to that obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The actual difference between these two values depends on the heating rates used with each technique, however. TSDC data can also be combined with AC dielectric data to produce a data set, which possesses a very wide frequency range. Finally, individual TSDC relaxation peaks can be fit with the Williams‐Walts distribution function to obtain an estimate of their distributions. This is especially useful when studying polymer blends, but could also be utilized in the study of other systems.
Improve durability and surface quality of additively manufactured molds using carbon fiber prepreg (2021)

Abstract Hybrid tooling is an emerging concept introduced in the aerospace industries to reduce weight and cost of traditional tools. A hybrid tool features a skin, which provides desired surface quality, durability, and a low‐density substrate to reduce the weight of the mold. The big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) technology permits rapid production of thermoplastic polymer intensive large‐scale structures. The present study features a carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (CF‐PPS) substrate fabricated using Oak Ridge National Laboratory's BAAM system. Carbon fiber‐bismaleimide (CF‐BMI) prepreg skin was then bonded to the BAAM tool through high‐pressure autoclave molding. Process optimization was conducted to improve the bonding between CF‐PPS and CF‐BMI (transverse tensile strength increased from 0.54 to 4.8 MPa). Durability of the mold was demonstrated from fabricating seven (7) carbon fiber‐Huntsman epoxy hand lay‐up parts utilizing the mold.
Genetic Safeguard against Mycotoxin Cyclopiazonic Acid Production in Aspergillus oryzae (2011)

Aspergillus oryzae is a fungus widely used in traditional Japanese fermentation industries. Its inability to produce mycotoxins, due to mutation or transcriptional repression of the genes responsible for their biosynthesis, is consistent with the hypothesis that A. oryzae is a domesticated species derived from A. flavus, a wild species that is a well-known producer of aflatoxin. In contrast, the cyclopiazonic acid (CPA) biosynthetic gene (cpa) cluster in A. oryzae contains genes that have been lost in A. flavus. Through targeted gene inactivation, isolation of the corresponding metabolite, and evaluation of biological activity of the metabolite, we demonstrated that an A. oryzae-specific gene-cpaH-mediates the conversion of CPA into the less toxic 2-oxocyclopiazonic acid, a new analogue of CPA. The detoxifying properties of cpaH, which have been lost in the A. flavus pathway, reflect the relationship of the two species.
Addressing Test Generation Challenges for Configurable Processor Verification (2006)

Having only recently entered the mainstream, configurable processor technology already provides practical automated hardware design. In this paper, we address the challenges of verifying these software-constructed hardware artifacts and show that sophisticated automation is mandatory. We describe how a model-based test generation technology was integrated into the verification flow of a configurable processor design. We report on experiments with two complex verification tasks. In both experiments, the model-based technology has achieved much higher coverage than standard verification tools and required considerably fewer engineering resources. We conclude that processor-oriented test generation technology addresses well the challenges of verifying automated hardware design
Probing Soft Matter with the Atomic Force Microscopies: Imaging and Force Spectroscopy (2010)

Abstract The development of atomic force microscopy has evolved into a wide variety of microscopy and characterization techniques well beyond conventional imaging. The focus of this review is on characterization methods based on the scanning probe and their application in characterizing physical properties of soft materials. This consideration is broken into three major categories focusing on mechanical, thermal, and electrical/magnetic properties in addition to a brief review of high-resolution imaging. Surface spectroscopy is discussed to great extent and consideration includes procedural information, common pitfalls, capabilities, and their practical application in characterizing soft matter. Key examples of the method are presented to communicate the capabilities and impact that probe-based characterization techniques have had on the mechanical, thermal, and electrical characterization of soft materials. Keywords: atomic force microscopyforce spectroscopyscanning thermal microscopykelvin probe force microscopyscanning probe microscopypolymers Acknowledgements The authors thank S. L. Youth for technical assistance and the following agencies for continuous support in SPM studies of soft materials in the SEMA lab: NSF-DMR, NSF-CMMI, NSF-CBET, AFOSR, AFRL, ARO, DARPA, and DOE.