gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress toward Optimization of Cryosurgery (2004)

Cryosurgery for diverse neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases has expanded in applicability in recent years, especially since intraoperative ultrasound became available as a method of monitoring the process of tissue freezing. However, persistence of disease after presumably adequate cryosurgical treatment has disclosed deficiencies in the technique, perhaps due to faulty application of the freeze-thaw cycles or due to shortcomings in the imaging method. Clearly cryosurgical technique is less than optimal. The optimal dosimetry for tissue freezing, the recent improvements in imaging techniques, and the need for adjunctive therapy are defined in this review, which assesses the progress toward improving the efficacy of cryosurgery.
Calibration of a simplified ARIA‐E MRI severity scale suitable for clinical practice (2020)

Abstract Background Vasogenic edema and sulcal effusions detected with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are known and manageable possible side effects of many anti‐amyloid immunotherapies. Periodic MRI scans and severity assessment of these imaging findings, known as amyloid‐related imaging abnormalities – edema (ARIA‐E) are currently mandated in clinical trials evaluating these therapies. Previous studies of gantenerumab have used a 60‐point severity scale (the Barkhof Grand Total Scale [BGTS]), 1 which is effective for research purposes with good inter‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.78, 95%CI[0.36‐0.94]) between trained neuroradiologists. Other anti‐amyloid studies have used a simpler 3‐point severity scale, which has excellent inter‐rater reliability (ICC = 0.93, 95%CI[0.89‐0.96]) 2 and is likely to be of more practical use in clinical practice. This work compares the BGTS with the 3‐point scale, and with a more refined, 5‐point scale. 2 Method T2‐FLAIR and T2*‐GRE MRI scans (5 mm slices, no gap, 256 × 256 matrix) from 100 participants (87 with previously detected ARIA‐E, 13 without ARIA from original BGTS assessment) in the Marguerite RoAD gantenerumab study (NCT02051608) were selected. After excluding 3 scans due to missing data or unacceptable quality, all valid scans were re‐read using all three severity scales by one neuroradiologist with extensive experience (&gt;500 reads) on all three scales. The reader was presented with pairs of baseline/follow‐up scans, blinded to prior read results. Assessment of ARIA‐H was also completed. Tables 1 and 2 summarize the scale definitions. Result Median(inter‐quartile range) BGTS scores for the 3‐point scale were 0 = 0(0‐0), 1 = 1(1‐3), 2 = 8(5‐14), and 3 = 20(20‐20), and for the 5‐point scale were 0 = 0(0‐0), 1 = 1(1‐3), 2 = 6(4‐9), 3 = NA, 4 = 15(10‐20), and 5 = 20(20‐20) (Figure 1). Spearman’s rank correlation between BGTS and the 3‐point scale was 0.85 and 0.91 for the 5‐point scale. Regression analysis of ARIA‐E severity scale to ARIA‐H count showed moderate positive association with Pearson’s r of 0.37, 0.40, 0.50 for the 3‐point, 5‐point, and BGTS scales, respectively. Conclusion The simplified 3‐ and 5‐point scales are well correlated to the 60‐point BGTS ARIA‐E severity scale; the 5‐point scale had better correlation than the 3‐point scale. Further study is warranted to assess reliability for reads performed by non‐specialist radiologists in real‐world applications. References: (1) AJNR 2013. (2) Alz&amp;Dementia 2017.
On the sensitivity of forward scattering patterns from bacterial colonies to media composition (2010)

Morphology of colonies is important for taxonomy and diagnostics in microbiology where the response to environmental factors is sensitive enough to support discrimination. In this research, we analyzed the forward scattering patterns of individual Escherichia coli K12 colonies when agar hardness and nutrition levels were varied from the control sample. As the agar concentration increased from 1.2% to 1.8%, the diameter of the forward scattering patterns also increased for the same experimental condition which reflects that the colony thickness at the apex is greater for increased agar concentrations. Regarding nutrition, increasing dextrose resulted in smaller mean colony diameters while the mean diameters of the colonies were proportional to the yeast extract concentration up to 0.5%. The result reveals that ±0.3% agar concentration from the control sample is sufficient to create variations in the scattering patterns. For nutrition -0.25% of yeast extract showed significant variations while +0.25% from control sample showed minimal variations.
Introduction to “Cellular Metal Homeostasis and Trafficking” (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTIntroduction to "Cellular Metal Homeostasis and Trafficking"Amy E. Palmer and Katherine J. FranzView Author Information University of Colorado Duke UniversityCite this: Chem. Rev. 2009, 109, 10, 4533–4535Publication Date (Web):September 24, 2009Publication History Received31 August 2009Published online24 September 2009Published inissue 14 October 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr900293thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr900293teditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views4471Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (136 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biology,Ions,Iron,Metals,Trafficking Get e-Alerts
RESULTS OF DEEP INFECTION AFTER REVERSE SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY (2009)

The objective of this study is to report the epidemiology and results of treatment of deep infection after a reverse shoulder arthroplasty. This is a multicenter retrospective study involving 457 reverse prostheses performed between 1992 and 2002. Fifteen patients (3%) (mean age 71 ± 9 years) presented with a deep infection. Eight were primary arthroplasties and seven were revision procedures. There were five associated peri-operative fractures and three early postoperative complications requiring surgical treatment. Infection was treated by debridement (n=4), prosthetic resection (n=10) or two-stage revision (n=1). The infection rate was 2% (8/363) for a primary reverse arthroplasty and 7% (7/94) for revisions. The infection was diagnosed at a mean of seventeen months (range, one to fifty-seven) post-operatively, corresponding to two acute, five sub-acute and eight chronic infections. The most common pathogen was P. acnes in six cases (40%). At a mean follow-up of thirty-four ± nineteen months, there were twelve remissions (80%) and three recurrent infections. The two acute infections (one debridement and one resection) and the eight chronic infections (seven resections and one two-stage revision) were in remission. Among the five sub-acute infections, the two resections were in remission, whereas the three debridements recurred. Overall, the ten resections were in remission with seven patients disappointed and three satisfied, a mean Constant score of thirty-one ± eight points and a mean active anterior elevation of 53 ± 15°. The two-stage exchange was in remission but remained disappointed with a Constant score of twenty-seven points and an active anterior elevation of 90°. Infection compromises the functional results of the reverse prosthesis whatever the treatment performed. Acute infections appear to be satisfactorily treated by debridement or resection. Both resection and two-stage revision can successfully treat sub-acute and chronic infection; however, debridement alone is ineffective and not recommended. There is a high rate of infection when the reverse prosthesis is used in revision arthroplasty. Prevention, by looking for such infection before surgery and by performing a two-stage procedure is recommended in the case of any uncertainty.
WE‐G‐108‐02: Oncospace: A Database Designed for Personalized Medicine in Radiation Oncology (2013)

Purpose: The Oncospace database aggregates treatment planning and clinical information about prior patients facilitating extraction of knowledge from prior courses of care. The goal is to use this knowledge to influence clinical decisions, quality and safety of care for new patients. Methods: The Oncospace website, built in C# and ASP.NET, accesses the MS SQLServer database for analysis. The data tables are designed to support patient geometry, targets and organs at risk (OAR) and their spatial relationships, dose distributions, toxicities, diagnosis and disease progression, chemotherapy and medications, laboratory values, patient histories and demographics. Data is collected directly from the treatment planning system and the oncology information system (OIS). Point of service data collection is facilitated with tablet (iPad) forms linked to the OIS. Results: Web pages have been built to answer the following: A) For a selected toxicity and OAR, display the dose volume histogram (DVH) and colorize them by the maximum toxicity grade of the patient while identifying a selected patients DVH B) For a selected OAR and percent volume (%V), find the lowest dose achieved from all patients whose %V is closer to the selected target volume? C) For a given diagnosis, toxicity and treatment, display the aggregate trend in toxicity from start of treatment (acute) through several year follow‐up (late)? Oncospace currently supports: and a full H&amp;N database, a multi‐institutional pancreatic stereotactic trial, and shape database for automated planning pancreas cancer. Conclusion: Oncospace can provide fast access to large amounts of data through complex queries designed to answer specific clinical questions to influence the safety and quality of care for new patients. This system can be used in the clinical setting to assess both plan quality and outcome expectations for new patients based on the data of prior patients. Funding for this research was provided by the Commonwealth Foundation, Elekta/IMPAC Medical Systems, Inc., Philips Radiation Oncology Sytems, and the Johns Hopkins University.
Towards automatic freeform optics design: coarse and fine search of the three-mirror solution space (2021)

Design of an optical system, whether classic or novel, in the past or the present, requires significant effort from the designer. In addition to design methods and theories, the designer's skills and experience in optical system design are particularly important, which may require years of practice to learn. The diversity and variety of results are limited because of the difficulty, time, and labor costs required. In this article, we propose an automatic design method for freeform optics that can achieve a diverse range of three-mirror designs. The optical specifications and the design constraints are the only inputs required, and a variety of results can be obtained automatically. The output results have various structures and various optical power distributions with high imaging qualities. By implementing the design method, designers can not only realize an overview of the solution space of the three-mirror freeform system, but can also focus on specific designs.
SU‐C‐218‐05: A CFD‐Based Approach to Validating Flow in a Prototype Dynamic Perfusion Phantom for Dynamic Contrast Fnhanced (DCE) Imaging (2012)

Purpose: A dynamic phantom for quality assurance of dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging has been designed to achieve perfusion (in terms of flow rates) comparable to capillary exchange that occurs in human tissue. The validation of this physical phantom is critical to establishing its usefulness as a quality assurance tool. This study seeks to evaluate the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to validate perfusion properties within the prototyped dynamic DCE phantom. Methods: The phantom was evaluated in two parts, the vascular network, followed by the porous media compartments. CFD simulation software (Fluent) approximates fluid motion assuming the polymer phantom to be a solid, rigid object, receiving constant laminar flow. The fluid simulated in this model was a blood analog with a non‐Newtonian fluid viscosity fitted to the Carreau model. The velocity across the system was visualized and the flow rates across the porous compartments were estimated. Results: The flow across the perfusion phantom was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated. The flow rates for highly permeable compartments demonstrating high rates of perfusion were quantified to estimate the differential perfusion and flow rate. Less permeable compartments showed decreased velocity profiles and flow rates across the scaffold, in some cases resulting in low flow or backflow, which was also observed for less porous compartments under experimental conditions. The compilations of simulations offer a range of flow rates representative of normal and diseased tissue (in the liver). Conclusions: CFD is an effective tool for validation of design of a DCE phantom. The results of CFD analysis have been applied to both demonstrate the potential for the phantom to simulate a wide range of realistic perfusions characteristics, as well as to establish limits in the phantom design that would otherwise Result in non‐physiological flow and perfusion values. Sponsored by NIHP01CA59827 and F31 EB012436‐02. Sponsored by NIHP01CA59827 and F31 EB012436‐02.
ENHANCEMENT OF CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY IN MELANOMA PATIENTS IMMUNIZED WITH MURINE ANTI-IDIOTYPIC MABS (MELIMMUNE) (1995)

JL, Murray; MW, Pride; S, Shuey; A, Grillo-Lopez; A, Solinger; G, Braslawsky Author Information
Ligand Modulation of Lateral Segregation of a G-Protein-Coupled Receptor into Lipid Microdomains in Sphingomyelin/Phosphatidylcholine Solid-Supported Bilayers (2005)

A growing body of evidence supports the idea that the plasma membrane bilayer is characterized by a laterally inhomogeneous mixture of lipids, having an organized structure in which lipid molecules segregate into small domains or patches. Such microdomains are characterized by high contents of sphingolipids that form thicker liquid-ordered regions that are resistant to extraction with nonionic detergents. The existence of lipid lateral segregation has been demonstrated in both model and biological membranes, although its role in protein sorting and membrane function still remains unclear. In these studies, plasmon-waveguide resonance (PWR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the properties of microdomains in a model system consisting of a solid-supported lipid bilayer composed of a 1:1 mixture of palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) and brain sphingomyelin (SM), and their influence on the partitioning and functioning of the human delta opioid receptor (hDOR), a G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR). Resonance signals corresponding to two microdomains (POPC-rich and SM-rich) were observed in such bilayers, and the sorting of the receptor into each domain was highly dependent on the type of ligand that was bound. When no ligand was bound, the receptor was incorporated preferentially into the POPC-rich domain; when an agonist or antagonist was bound, the receptor was incorporated preferentially into the SM-rich component, although with a 2-fold greater propensity for this microdomain in the case of the agonist. Binding of G-protein to the agonist-bound receptor in the SM-rich domain occurred with a 30-fold higher affinity than binding to the receptor in the PC-rich domain. The binding of the agonist to an unliganded receptor in the bilayer produced receptor trafficking from the PC-rich to the SM-rich component. Since the SM-rich domain is thicker than the PC-rich domain, and previous studies with the hDOR have shown that the receptor is elongated upon agonist activation, we propose that hydrophobic matching between the receptor and the lipid is a driving force for receptor trafficking to the SM-rich component.
Additive manufacturing via direct writing of pure metal and eutectics through latent heat position control (2023)

An additive manufacturing system for producing metal parts from pure metal or eutectic alloys. The system includes an additive manufacturing print head, a print head heater system, an agitation system, a nozzle in the additive manufacturing print head, a reservoir for melting the metal, and a long heated tube for conditioning the alloy for extrusion in the semi-solid state through a nozzle.
A D-Band Radio Module for Hybrid-Beamforming MIMO Communication and Localization (2021)

This paper presents a conceptual view and analysis of a D-Band radio module currently under development in the 6GKom project. The envisioned RF transceiver module is a highly modular unit supporting different MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) configurations. The architecture of the target module, based on a FOWLP (Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging) technology, which integrates SiGe-based phased-array radio chip and an integrated antenna array, is presented in this work. Also, the paper provides the analysis of the link budget for the envisioned system and discusses the capabilities of the system related to ranging and localization applications.
Adaptive imaging and spatial compounding in the presence of aberration (2005)

Spatial compounding reduces speckle and increases image contrast by incoherently averaging images acquired at different viewing angles. Adaptive imaging improves contrast and resolution by compensating for tissue-induced phase errors. Aberrator strength and spatial frequency content markedly impact the desirable operating characteristics and performance of these methods for improving image quality. Adaptive imaging, receive-spatial compounding, and a combination of these two methods are presented in contrast and resolution tasks under various aberration characteristics. All three imaging methods yield increases in the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of anechoic cysts; however, the improvements vary depending on the properties of the aberrating layer. Phase correction restores image spatial frequencies, and the addition of compounding opposes the restoration of image spatial frequencies. Lesion signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), an image quality metric for predicting lesion detectability, shows that combining spatial compounding with phase correction yields the maximum detectability when the aberrator strength or spatial frequency content is high. Examples of these modes are presented in thyroid tissue.
Membrane aerators and stirring systems for the operation in large and small wastewater treatment plants (1996)

Stirring and aeration processes are the major operations needed for effective wastewater treatment. Especially in activated sludge processes and the variants of this process stirring and aeration systems need to be chosen carefully since both operations are crucial for the purification power and the energy demand of wwtp's. The aim of the present work is to define the demands on stirring and aeration systems for activated sludge treatment plants, to give an overview about suitable systems currently available on the market including latest developments and to give advice how to choose the optimum system. A brief review of the literature and the market of stirring and aeration systems leads to a simple classification of the existing numerous systems. In order to choose the optimum system, first one has to decide, about the demands in each process step. In anaerobic and anoxic reactors the use of hyperboloid stirring systems or combined hyperboloid stirring and aeration systems which distribute small air bubbles throughout the entire reactor in the aeration mode (for intermittent aeration) and gently circulate bacteria flocks in the stirring mode is recommended. For aerobic processes like BOD-removal and nitrification highly efficient membrane aerating systems using silicone membranes are recommended.
Slide Gestalt: Automatic Structure Extraction in Slide Decks for Non-Visual Access (2023)

Presentation slides commonly use visual patterns for structural navigation, such as titles, dividers, and build slides. However, screen readers do not capture such intention, making it time-consuming and less accessible for blind and visually impaired (BVI) users to linearly consume slides with repeated content. We present Slide Gestalt, an automatic approach that identifies the hierarchical structure in a slide deck. Slide Gestalt computes the visual and textual correspondences between slides to generate hierarchical groupings. Readers can navigate the slide deck from the higher-level section overview to the lower-level description of a slide group or individual elements interactively with our UI. We derived side consumption and authoring practices from interviews with BVI readers and sighted creators and an analysis of 100 decks. We performed our pipeline with 50 real-world slide decks and a large dataset. Feedback from eight BVI participants showed that Slide Gestalt helped navigate a slide deck by anchoring content more efficiently, compared to using accessible slides.
RecSys'16 Workshop on Deep Learning for Recommender Systems (DLRS) (2016)

We believe that Deep Learning is one of the next big things in Recommendation Systems technology. The past few years have seen the tremendous success of deep neural networks in a number of complex tasks such as computer vision, natural language processing and speech recognition. Despite this, only little work has been published on Deep Learning methods for Recommender Systems. Notable recent application areas are music recommendation, news recommendation, and session-based recommendation. The aim of the workshop is to encourage the application of Deep Learning techniques in Recommender Systems, to promote research in deep learning methods for Recommender Systems, and to bring together researchers from the Recommender Systems and Deep Learning communities.
Wavelet-Based Visual Analysis of Dynamic Networks (2017)

Dynamic networks naturally appear in a multitude of applications from different fields. Analyzing and exploring dynamic networks in order to understand and detect patterns and phenomena is challenging, fostering the development of new methodologies, particularly in the field of visual analytics. In this work, we propose a novel visual analytics methodology for dynamic networks, which relies on the spectral graph wavelet theory. We enable the automatic analysis of a signal defined on the nodes of the network, making viable the robust detection of network properties. Specifically, we use a fast approximation of a graph wavelet transform to derive a set of wavelet coefficients, which are then used to identify activity patterns on large networks, including their temporal recurrence. The coefficients naturally encode the spatial and temporal variations of the signal, leading to an efficient and meaningful representation. This methodology allows for the exploration of the structural evolution of the network and their patterns over time. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated using usage scenarios and comparisons involving real dynamic networks.