gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can a leukocyte depletion filter (LDF) reduce the risk of reintroduction of hepatocellular carcinoma cells? (2005)

During liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, HCC could theoretically be introduced into the systemic circulation when salvaged blood is used with an autotransfusion device. Several reports have shown that some types of leukocyte depletion filters (LDFs) could completely reduce the risk for reintroducing some types of tumor cells. In this study, we tested the ability of the LDF (RCEZ1T, Pall Biomedical Co, NY, USA) to reduce the risk for reintroducing HCC cells in vitro by using a very sensitive detection method. We divided the test group into 6 groups: group I was 10 cells, group II was 20 cells, group III was 2 x 10(3) cells, group IV was 2 x 10(5) cells, group V was 2 x 10(6) cells, and group VI was 2 x 10(7) cells. The counted cells in 200 mL saline were passed through the RCEZ1T using the force of gravity. To identify the presence of cells, the pellet was resuspended, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), a housekeeping gene, was used as a primer. In groups I and II, the HCC cells were completely filtered in all experiments. However, in groups III, IV, and V, the HCC cells were not completely filtered in a few of the repeated experiments, with the unfiltered rate of tumor cells being between 8% and 20%. In group VI, the HCC cells were not completely filtered in all the repeated experiments. In conclusion, the RCEZ1T filter markedly reduced the risk for reintroduction of HCC cells. However, at high HCC cell load the filter cannot completely remove all the tumor cells. Further studies are required to assess the impact in clinical settings.
Ti O 2 breakdown under pulsed conditions (2007)

Model studies of current conduction and breakdown in TiO2 were carried out. Our simulation results indicate that electrical breakdown of TiO2 under multiple-pulsed conditions can occur at lower voltages as compared to quasi-dc biasing. This is in agreement with recent experimental data and is indicative of a cumulative phenomena. We demonstrate that the lower breakdown voltages observed in TiO2 under pulsed conditions is a direct rise-time effect, coupled with successive detrapping at the grain boundaries.
Differential competitive ability of morphologically diverse spring wheat genotypes (1993)

Sixteen genotypes of common spring wheat (T .aestivum)were grown under conditions of simulated weed competition at Saskatoon in 1991 and 1992.Weeds consisted of cultivated oat (Avena sativa cv.Waldern) and Oriental mustard (Brassica juncea cv.Cutlass) sown at two densities (48 and 96 seeds m 2 per weed species), and a weed free control.Seedling establishment, % ground cover, and seed yield for all three species was recorded as was wheat tiller number, spike number, maximum height, LAI(Ieaf area index), leaf orientation, and flag leaf length and size.Significant (p =0.01) weed rate by genotype interactions involving changes in genotype rank were detected for grain yield, indicating differences in competitive ability existed among the wheat genotypes.The highest yielding genotypes under weed free conditions were not necessarily the highest yielding under weedy conditions.Yield reductions averaged over two weed densities ranged from 36 to 52 %.Genotypes which exhibited lower yield reductions also showed greater suppression of weed growth.Although competitive genotypes were generally taller than noncompetitive genotypes, other traits such as tillering capacity and leaf length were important determinants of competitive ability.
Optimization of Interplanetary Trajectories Using the Colliding Bodies Optimization Algorithm (2020)

In this paper, a recent physics-based metaheuristic algorithm, the Colliding Bodies Optimization (CBO), already employed to solve problems in civil and mechanical engineering, is proposed for the optimization of interplanetary trajectories by using both indirect and direct approaches. The CBO has an extremely simple formulation and does not depend on any initial conditions. To test the performances of the algorithm, missions with remarkably different orbital transfer energies are considered: from the simple planar case, as the Earth-Mars orbital transfer, to more energetic ones, like a rendezvous with the asteroid Pallas.
ChemInform Abstract: RED. VON OLEFINEN DURCH NATRIUM IN HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORSAEURETRIAMID/ TERT.‐BUTANOL (1971)

Abstract Lösungen von Natrium in tert.‐Butanol und Hexamethylphosphorsäuretriamid können zur Reduktion auch sterisch gehinderter Olefine dienen.
P‐124: Student Poster: Multiple‐Resonance‐Type Blue Fluorescent OLEDs with High Efficiency of Over 25% and Long Device Lifetime of Over 500 H (2022)

A deep blue boron based multiple resonance (MR) type material was synthesized and evaluated. A di‐tert‐butylphenyl substituent was introduced into the emitter to suppress the intermolecular interactions. A single electroluminescence device and a tandem device were fabricated with a fluorescent OLED using the characteristics of the MR‐type emitter with good color purity and high photoluminescence quantum yield. As a result, the single electroluminescence unit and tandem devices exhibited high maximum external quantum efficiency of 11.3% and 25.1%, and long device lifetime of 208 h and 500 h at 1,000 cd/m 2 , respectively.
Modeling of Diesel Combustion, Soot and NO Emissions Based on a Modified Eddy Dissipation Concept (2008)

A three-dimensional reacting flow modeling approach is presented for predictions of compression ignition, combustion, NOx and soot emissions over a wide range of operating conditions in a diesel engine. The ignition/combustion model is based on a modified eddy dissipation concept (EDC) which has been implemented into the KIVA-3 V engine simulation code. The modified EDC model is used to represent the thin sub-grid level reaction zone and the small scale molecular mixing processes. In addition, a realistic transition model based on the local normalized fuel mass fraction is implemented to shift from ignition to combustion. The modified EDC model is combined with skeletal n-heptane chemistry and a soot dynamics model, which includes nucleation, surface growth and oxidation and coagulation processes. The NO formation and destruction processes are based on the extended Zeldovich reaction mechanism. The modeling results are calibrated against experimental engine data taken at benchmark conditions. The model is subsequently used to conduct parametric studies of the effects of injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine combustion and emissions. Predictions of cylinder pressure traces and heat release rates are in very good agreement with the experimental data (e.g., pressure predictions within 3 bar of the experimental data) for a range of injection timings, EGR rates and speeds. The experimental trends observed for the soot and NO emissions are also reproduced by the modeling results. Overall, the modeling approach demonstrates promising predictive capabilities at reasonable computational costs.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Botulinum Neurotoxin A Protease Inhibitors (2010)

NSC 240898 was previously identified as a botulinum neurotoxin A light chain (BoNT/A LC) endopeptidase inhibitor by screening the National Cancer Institute Open Repository diversity set. Two types of analogues have been synthesized and shown to inhibit BoNT/A LC in a FRET-based enzyme assay, with confirmation in an HPLC-based assay. These two series of compounds have also been evaluated for inhibition of anthrax lethal factor (LF), an unrelated metalloprotease, to examine enzyme specificity of the BoNT/A LC inhibition. The most potent inhibitor against BoNT/A LC in these two series is compound 12 (IC(50) = 2.5 microM, FRET assay), which is 4.4-fold more potent than the lead structure and 11.2-fold more selective for BoNT/A LC versus the anthrax LF metalloproteinase. Structure-activity relationship studies have revealed structural features important to potency and enzyme specificity.
Recent results from the Berkeley 0.3-NA EUV microfield exposure tool (2007)

Operating as a SEMATECH resist test center, the Berkeley 0.3-NA EUV microfield exposure tool continues to play a crucial role in the advancement of EUV resists and masks. Here we present recent resist-characterization results from the tool as well as tool-characterization data. In particular we present lithographic-based aberration measurements demonstrating the long-term stability of the tool. We also describe a recent upgrade to the tool which involved redesign of the programmable coherence illuminator to provide improved field uniformity as well as a programmable field size.
Magnetic Resonance Characterization of the Peri-Infarction Zone of Reperfused Myocardial Infarction With Necrosis-Specific and Extracellular Nonspecific Contrast Media (2001)

Background —Because ischemically injured myocardium is frequently composed of viable and nonviable portions, a method to discriminate the two is useful for clinical management. Methods and Results —Ischemically injured myocardium was characterized with extracellular nonspecific (Gd-DTPA) and necrosis-specific (mesoporphyrin) MR contrast media in rats. Relaxation rates (R1) were measured on day 1 and day 2 by inversion-recovery echoplanar imaging. Spin-echo imaging was used to define contrast-enhanced regions and regional wall thickening. Gadolinium concentration, area at risk, and infarct size were measured at postmortem examination. ΔR1 ratio (ΔR1 myocardium /ΔR1 blood ) after administration of Gd-DTPA was greater in ischemically injured myocardium (1.20±0.15) than in normal myocardium (0.47±0.05, P &lt;0.05), which was attributed to differences in gadolinium concentration and water content. The Gd-DTPA–enhanced region on day 2 was larger (32.8±0.9%) than true infarction as demonstrated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) (24.6±1.4%, P &lt;0.001, r =0.21). Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the Gd-DTPA–enhanced region overestimated true infarct size by 7.8±5.9%. On the other hand, the mesoporphyrin-enhanced region (26.9±1.8%, P =NS, r =0.87) and true infarct size were identical. The difference in the areas demarcated by the 2 agents is the peri-infarction. Systolic and diastolic MR images revealed no wall thickening in the mesoporphyrin-enhanced region (0.3±3.3%) but reduced thickening in the Gd-DTPA–enhanced rim (8.5±5.5%, P &lt;0.05). Conclusions —The Gd-DTPA–enhanced region encompasses both viable and nonviable portions of the ischemically injured myocardium. The Gd-DTPA–enhanced area overestimated infarct size, but the mesoporphyrin-enhanced area matched true infarct size. The salvageable peri-infarction zone can be characterized with double-contrast–enhanced and functional MR imaging; the mismatched area of enhancement between the 2 agents shows residual wall thickening.
Material Changes in Osteoporotic Human Cancellous Bone Following Infiltration with Acrylic Bone Cement for a Vertebral Cement Augmentation (2003)

Bone cement infiltration can be effective at mechanically augmenting osteoporotic vertebrae. While most published literature describes the gain in mechanical strength of augmented vertebrae, we report the first measurements of viscoelastic material changes of cancellous bone due to cement infiltration. We infiltrated cancellous core specimen harvested from osteoporotic cadaveric spines with acrylic bone cement. Bone specimen before and after cement infiltration were subjected to identical quasi-static and relaxation loading in confined and free compression. Testing data were fitted to a linear viscoelastic model of compressible material and the model parameters for cement, native cancellous bone, and cancellous bone infiltrated (composite) with cement were identified. The fitting demonstrated that the linear viscoelastic model presented in this paper accurately describes the mechanical behaviour of cement and bone, before and after infiltration. Although the composite specimen did not completely adopt the properties of bulk bone cement, the stiffening of cancellous bone due to cement infiltration is considerable. The composite was, for example, 8.5 times stiffer than native bone. The local stiffening of cancellous bone in patients may alter the load transfer of the augmented motion segment and may be the cause of subsequent fractures in the vertebrae adjacent to the ones infiltrated with cement. The material model and parameters in this paper, together with an adequate finite-element model, can be helpful to investigate the load shift, the mechanism for subsequent fractures, and filling patterns for ideal cement infiltration.
Attention gated networks: Learning to leverage salient regions in medical images (2019)

We propose a novel attention gate (AG) model for medical image analysis that automatically learns to focus on target structures of varying shapes and sizes. Models trained with AGs implicitly learn to suppress irrelevant regions in an input image while highlighting salient features useful for a specific task. This enables us to eliminate the necessity of using explicit external tissue/organ localisation modules when using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). AGs can be easily integrated into standard CNN models such as VGG or U-Net architectures with minimal computational overhead while increasing the model sensitivity and prediction accuracy. The proposed AG models are evaluated on a variety of tasks, including medical image classification and segmentation. For classification, we demonstrate the use case of AGs in scan plane detection for fetal ultrasound screening. We show that the proposed attention mechanism can provide efficient object localisation while improving the overall prediction performance by reducing false positives. For segmentation, the proposed architecture is evaluated on two large 3D CT abdominal datasets with manual annotations for multiple organs. Experimental results show that AG models consistently improve the prediction performance of the base architectures across different datasets and training sizes while preserving computational efficiency. Moreover, AGs guide the model activations to be focused around salient regions, which provides better insights into how model predictions are made. The source code for the proposed AG models is publicly available.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Pyrrolo(3,4‐c)carbazole Derivatives on Spinal Cord ChAT Activity. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-resolution optical positioning system for miniature instrumented robots (2000)

The development of a three-legged miniature robot, such as the NanoWalker, capable of taking steps in the micrometer and sub-micrometer range and equipped with instruments such as scanning, tunneling microsope (STM) tip, requires an adequate positioning system. In order to make use of these instruments, positioning the robot becomes one of the most critical issues. For atomic scale operations within a relatively large workspace, no traditional positioning systems were adequate for this type of robotic environment. The proposed atomic scale positioning system relies on three positioning levels where at each level, the resolution improves from 10 micrometers down to a few picometers while the circular positioning area decreases from 0,5 meter down to 200 nanometers in diameter. While the last two levels are STM- based positioning techniques, the first level with the largest positioning area is based on optical techniques. The paper describes the final set-up for implementing the first positioning level that incorporates a lateral effect photodiode to make measurements of the robot's position by detecting infrared signals emitted by the robot. Using a lens to project the robot's workspace onto the photodiode we are able to achieve of a resolution of a few micrometers in the central region of a typical 0.5-meter workspace. Due mainly to loss of signal at the edges of the workspace,the resolution of the system decreases as we near the edges.
Zirconia-Based Ceramics: Material Properties, Esthetics, and Layering Techniques of a New Veneering Porcelain, VM9 (2005)

Zirconia has the potential to allowfor the use of reliable, multiunit all-ceramic restora-tions for high-stress areas, such as the posterior re-gion of the mouth. Although still too new to have generated 5-and 10-year studies, in 2 years of using zirconiaframeworks for single crowns and some shortfixed partial dentures (FPD) at the UCLA Schoolof Dentistry and Boston University, the authorshave yet to encounter a single failure. Three-yeardata from studies in Germany and Switzerland,where zirconium-core technology was developed,are now emerging; these report no fractures ofthe zirconia frameworks.
Coordinated MultiPoint uplink capacity over a MIMO composite fading channel (2012)

Coordinated Multipoint comprises a set of communication strategies for cellular systems which are based on cooperation/coordination between Base Stations (BSs). These strategies have been recently included in LTE standardization in order to meet the spectral efficiency requirements. In this paper, the focus is on the uplink capacity of a cellular system over a composite fading channel, which combines Ricean fading and shadowing. In order to realistically model the cellular system, path loss and distributed users are also considered. Finally, the channel model incorporates multiple antennas, as dictated by the latest wireless standards. Based on random matrix and free probability theory, closed-form expressions are derived for the channel capacity and the MMSE achievable rate. In this context, strong Line-of-Sight component is shown to degrade capacity performance, while large shadowing statistics benefit it.
Silicon photonics for high data rate applications -INVITED (2020)

The high speed conversion of signals between the optical and electrical domains is crucial for many key applications of silicon photonics. Electro-optic modulators integrated with electronic drive amplifiers are typically used to convert an electrical signal to the optical domain. Design of these individual elements is important to achieve high performance, however a true optimisation requires careful co-design of the photonic and electronic components considering the properties of each other. Here we present our recent results in this area together with a MOSCAP type modulator with the potential for high speed, high efficiency and highly linear modulation.
The CRI-model: A domain-independent taxonomy for non-conformance between observed and specified behaviour (2018)

Anomaly detection is the process of identifying nonconforming behaviour. Many approaches from machine learning to statistical methods exist to detect behaviour that deviate from its norm. These non-conformances of specifications can stem from failures in the system or undocumented changes of the system during its evolution. However, no generic solutions exist for classifying and identifying these non-conformances. In this paper, we present the CRI-Model (Cause, Reaction, Impact), which is a taxonomy based on a study of anomaly types in the literature, an analysis of system outages in major cloud companies and evolution scenarios which describe and implement changes in Cyber-Physical Production Systems. The goal of the taxonomy is to be usable for different objectives like discover gaps in the detection process, determine components most often affected by a particular anomaly type or describe system evolution. While the dimensions of the taxonomy are fixed, the categories can be adapted to different domains. We show and validate the applicability of the taxonomy to distributed cloud systems using a large data set of anomaly reports and cyber-physical production systems by categorizing common changes of an evolution benchmarking plant.
Deformation localization during very high temperature notch creep in Ni-based SX (2016)

International audience
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Enantioselectivity in the enzymatic cyclization of (+)- and (-)-linalyl pyrophosphate to (+)- and (-)-bornyl pyrophosphate. (1986)

Enzymes from Salvia officinalis and Tanacetum vulgare leaf epidermis catalyze the conversion of the acyclic precursor geranyl pyrophosphate to the cyclic monoterpenes (+)- and (-)-bornyl pyrophosphate, respectively. The antipodal cyclizations are considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to the respective bound tertiary allylic intermediates (-)-(3R)- and (+)-(3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate. [(3R)-8,9-14C,(3RS)-1E-3H] Linalyl pyrophosphate (3H:14C = 5.22) was tested as a substrate with the cyclases from both sources to determine the configuration of the cyclizing intermediate. This substrate yielded (-)-bornyl pyrophosphate with 3H:14C ratio greater than 31, indicating specific utilization of (+)-(3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate as predicted. With the (+)-bornyl pyrophosphate cyclase, the 3H:14C ratio of the product was about 4.16, indicating a preference for the (-)-(3R)-enantiomer, but the ability also to utilize (+)-(3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate. (3R)- and (3S)-[1Z-3H]Linalyl pyrophosphate were separately compared to the achiral precursors [1-3H] geranyl pyrophosphate and [1-3H]neryl pyrophosphate (cis-isomer) as substrates for the cyclizations. All functional precursors afforded optically pure (-)-(1S,4S)-bornyl pyrophosphate with the T. vulgare-derived cyclase (as determined by chromatographic separation of diastereomeric ketals of the derived ketone camphor), and (+)-(3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate was the preferred substrate. With the (+)-bornyl pyrophosphate cyclase from S. officinalis, geranyl, neryl, and (-)-(3R)-linalyl pyrophosphates gave the expected (+)-(1R,4R)-stereoisomer as the sole product, and (-)-(3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate was the preferred substrate. However, (3S)-linalyl pyrophosphate yielded (-)-(1S,4S)-bornyl pyrophosphate, albeit at lower rates, indicating the ability of this enzyme to catalyze the anomalous enantiomeric cyclization.
The Role of γ-Al2O3 Single Crystal Support to Pt Nanoparticles Construction (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Table S1 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Immunosuppression by Inducing ROS-Generating Monocytic MDSCs in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary table 1&lt;/p&gt;
Positioning Systems and Technologies (2017)

One of the most popular positioning systems in navigation is the global positioning system (GPS), which is satellite based, widely available and quite accurate, as long as the receiver to be localized and the satellites have a line-of-sight (LOS) connection. This chapter first discusses satellite positioning systems. It then focuses on positioning in cellular networks. Positioning in ad hoc networks has been considered an important asset for their performance improvement. The chapter also addresses this topic. Hybrid positioning solutions, which combine two or more different communication concepts, are being considered in order to facilitate improved ease of use in terms of low latency of position estimation. At present the combination of cellular and WLAN positioning and also the assisted global navigation satellite system (A-GNSS), for example the Assisted GPS (A-GPS), is of interest. Finally, the chapter presents these concepts.