gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and characterization of I-cell disease alpha-L-fucosidase. (1980)

The molecular defect responsible for I-cell disease and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy is unknown but may result in an altered carbohydrate composition on the lysosomal hydrolases.This concept was investigated by purifying a-L-fucosidase to apparent homogeneity from normal and I-cell liver samples and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy urine samples.Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the sugar residues on the purified a-L-fucosidase preparations revealed an increase in the quantity of mannose, galactose, glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, and sialic acid found on the I-cell and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy enzymes when compared to the normal liver a-L-fucosidase.The a-L-fucosidase from normal liver was composed of a major subunit with a molecular weight of 51,000 and a minor subunit of molecular weight of 57,000, while the enzyme from pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy urine exhibited a minor subunit at M, = 51,000 and a major subunit at M, = 57,000.The heterogeneity of the isoelectric focusing profiles of the normal, I-cell, and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy a-L-fucosidase was due in part to alterations in the sialic acid content of the enzyme.The purified Icell liver a-tfucosidase displayed normal binding properties to concanavalin A, while the pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy urine enzyme revealed an altered interaction with this lectin.Comparisons of apparent K,,, and pH optimum of the a-L-fucosidases revealed no significant differences between the normal and I-cell samples.Our results indicate that the biochemical features of Icell disease and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy may result from an altered carbohydrate composition on these enzymes.Inherited lysosomal storage disorders generally result from the deficiency of a single lysosomal hydrolase activity (1).However, two related disorders, I-cell disease and pseudo-Hurler polydystrophy, are characterized in cultured fibroblasts by deficiencies of acid /3-D-galactosidase, a-L-fucosidase, and a-D-neuraminidase activities, partially reduced activities of N-acetyl-/3-D-hexosaminidase, /3-D-glucuronidase, a-L-iduronidase, arylsulfatase A, a-D-galactosidase, acid lipase, and a-D-mannosidase, and normal activity levels of acid phosphatase and /3-D-glucosidase (2-6).Studies of the media from
Application of Perovskite-Type Oxides to the Sensing Electrode of a LaF3-Based Oxygen Sensor Workable at Room Temperature (1989)

LaF 3 -based oxygen sensors were constructed using six perovskite-type oxides for the sensing electrodes. It was found that oxygen sensing characteristics of the oxide electrodes, i.e., sensitivity to a change in oxygen partial pressure and response time, were greatly dependent on the oxide used, the dependence being closely related with the activity of the oxides for the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in solution. Among the oxides tested, LaCrO 3 , LaCoO 3 and LaMnO 3 were found to yield sensing electrodes with higher sensitivity and shorter response times than Pt sensing electrodes.
Nanotechnology for Sulfur Cathodes (2021)

The field of lithium-sulfur batteries has benefited enormously from the advances in nanotechnology. At each step of technological improvement, lithium-sulfur batteries have relied upon techniques and methodologies brought upon by nanotechnology. Nanoporous material, heterogeneous nanocomposite, and hierarchical electrode developments have all been well-established as critical milestones for lithium-sulfur batteries. This review will briefly discuss the specific major roles of nanotechnology in lithium-sulfur batteries regarding practically relevant testing conditions in addition to research trends and future directions for electrocatalysis.
Scalable 128 × 128 optical switch system composed of planar lightwave circuit and fiber sheet for optical crossconnect (2002)

We constructed a prototype scalable 128×128 optical switch system using silica-based 1×128 thermo-optic switches. The system provides high levels of performance namely a low insertion loss ( 90dB).
Design and development of ten-element hybrid simulator and generalized substructure element for coupled problems (2015)

The University of Toronto's ongoing work towards the improvement and further development of multi-platform simulation methods is presented in this paper. These developments include a ten-element hybrid simulator and a generalized OpenSees substructure element. Hybrid simulation which encompasses development of new integration algorithms, simulation frameworks, and applications has been an active research area in the past decade. Yet, unless the physically tested element significantly contributes to the overall lateral response of the structure in terms of stiffness, strength and energy dissipation, the improvement in the accuracy of results from the use of hybrid simulation may only be marginal. In most cases, the number of physically tested elements in the hybrid simulation is limited by the availability of experimental resources such as actuators, controllers, and laboratory space. As a step towards overcoming this limitation, a novel experimental apparatus, the UT10 Hybrid Simulator, is being developed at the University of Toronto. The UT10 is being developed to allow up to ten elements, such as braces and hysteretic dampers, to be concurrently tested and integrated into a hybrid simulation. The system can test up to ten physical specimens with peak force capacity ranging between 800 kN or 1,600 kN per specimen depending on the total number of tested specimens. The main design requirements, current development status, and potential applications of the UT10 Hybrid Simulator are presented in this paper. To integrate the potential numerical or physical substructures into distributed multi-platform simulations such as hybrid simulations, a generalized substructure element is being developed for OpenSees. The main research focus in this development is to standardize the data exchange format and communication protocol such that any other potential experimental and numerical substructure modules can be readily integrated into the simulation. The data exchange format is defined such that the number of degrees of freedom, data type, and error checks can be communicated in a seamless manner between modules. Designing a versatile data exchange format and a communication protocol is expected to facilitate simulation of coupled systems including diverse substructure modules and other loading scenarios such as thermal loading. The data exchange format and example implementations will be made available to the research community in the near future. To illustrate the current developments, an example of multi-platform simulation with a numerical substructure is presented in this paper.
Pharmacist Chart Reviews Cannot Replace Direct Care in the Management of Renal Transplant Recipients. (2014)

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine if a pharmacist executed comprehensive chart review may serve as a sufficient substitution for direct participation during clinic visits beyond the immediate post-transplant period. METHODS: This was a prospective 3 month study of kidney transplant recipients that had a scheduled visit within 3 years of transplant. Within 1 week prior to the visit, a clinical pharmacist completed a comprehensive review of the medical record and placed a note in the chart focusing on identifying all medication-related issues and providing recommendations for management. Providers were notified about the review and, following the visit, were asked to complete a survey about the utility of the note. After the appointment, the visit plan was compared with the pharmacist's note to determine whether the provider accepted the recommendations. An independent blinded transplant surgeon graded the recommendations by severity. Accepted recommendations were identified as novel if the evidence supporting it had been available to the provider but was not previously acted upon. RESULTS: During the study, pharmacists provided 1,401 recommendations from 170 chart reviews. Providers followed 397 (28%) of the recommendations; 232 (34%) of the recommendations pertaining to pharmacologic therapy were accepted, while 410 (29%) were graded as having at least a significant severity (Table 1). Providers completed the usefulness survey after 44 visits and 75% indicated that the pharmacist note impacted their interventions. Greater than 80% of the accepted recommendations were considered novel. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that a pharmacist chart review was not routinely utilized by providers during follow-up visits and suggests that this method of pharmacist involvement in transplant recipient care may not be effective or efficient. Future analyses should directly compare this form of intervention with direct patient-provider interactions.Table: No Caption available.
Coordinated Expression of Ig-Like Inhibitory MHC Class I Receptors and Acquisition of Cytotoxic Function in Human CD8+ T Cells (2004)

MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors are expressed by a subset of memory-phenotype CD8(+) T cells. Similar to NK cells, MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors might subserve on T cells an important negative control that participates to the prevention of autologous damage. We analyzed here human CD8(+) T cells that express the Ig-like MHC class I-specific inhibitory receptors: killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) and CD85j. The cell surface expression of Ig-like inhibitory MHC class I receptors was found to correlate with an advanced stage of CD8(+) T cell maturation as evidenced by the reduced proliferative potential of KIR(+) and CD85j(+) T cells associated with their high intracytoplasmic perforin content. This concomitant regulation might represent a safety mechanism to control potentially harmful cytolytic CD8(+) T cells, by raising their activation threshold. Yet, KIR(+) and CD85j(+) T cells present distinct features. KIR(+)CD8(+) T cells are poor IFN-gamma producers upon TCR engagement. In addition, KIR are barely detectable at the surface of virus-specific T cells during the course of CMV or HIV-1 infection. By contrast, CD85j(+)CD8(+) T cells produce IFN-gamma upon TCR triggering, and represent a large fraction of virus-specific T cells. Thus, the cell surface expression of Ig-like inhibitory MHC class I receptors is associated with T cell engagement into various stages of the cytolytic differentiation pathway, and the cell surface expression of CD85j or KIR witnesses to the history of qualitatively and/or quantitatively distinct T cell activation events.
Tuning Speed Requirements for Time-Division Multiplexed Raman Pump Lasers (2002)

System penalties from temporal gain variations in time-division multiplexed Raman pumping are experimentally quantified. For a 100 km span with 15 dB on/off Raman gain, the pump frequency repetition rate should exceed 10 kHz for less than 0.5 dB penalty
Boosting transducer matrix sensitivity for 3D large field ultrasound localization microscopy using a multi-lens diffracting layer: a simulation study (2022)

Mapping blood microflows of the whole brain is crucial for early diagnosis of cerebral diseases. Ultrasound localization microscopy (ULM) was recently applied to map and quantify blood microflows in 2D in the brain of adult patients down to the micron scale. Whole brain 3D clinical ULM remains challenging due to the transcranial energy loss which significantly reduces the imaging sensitivity. Large aperture probes with a large surface can increase both resolution and sensitivity. However, a large active surface implies thousands of acoustic elements, with limited clinical translation. In this study, we investigate via simulations a new high-sensitive 3D imaging approach based on large diverging elements, combined with an adapted beamforming with corrected delay laws, to increase sensitivity. First, pressure fields from single elements with different sizes and shapes were simulated. High directivity was measured for curved element while maintaining high transmit pressure. Matrix arrays of 256 elements with a dimension of 10 × 10 cm with small (<i>λ</i>/2), large (4<i>λ</i>), and curved elements (4<i>λ</i>) were compared through point spread functions analysis. A large synthetic microvessel phantom filled with 100 microbubbles per frame was imaged using the matrix arrays in a transcranial configuration. 93% of the bubbles were detected with the proposed approach demonstrating that the multi-lens diffracting layer has a strong potential to enable 3D ULM over a large field of view through the bones.
Targeting Nuclear NOTCH2 by Gliotoxin Recovers a Tumor-Suppressor NOTCH3 Activity in CLL (2020)

NOTCH signaling represents a promising therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We compared the anti-neoplastic effects of the nuclear NOTCH2 inhibitor gliotoxin and the pan-NOTCH γ-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 in primary CLL cells with special emphasis on the individual roles of the different NOTCH receptors. Gliotoxin rapidly induced apoptosis in all CLL cases tested, whereas RO4929097 exerted a variable and delayed effect on CLL cell viability. Gliotoxin-induced apoptosis was associated with inhibition of the <i>NOTCH2/FCER2</i> (CD23) axis together with concomitant upregulation of the <i>NOTCH3/NR4A1</i> axis. In contrast, RO4929097 downregulated the <i>NOTCH3/NR4A1</i> axis and counteracted the spontaneous and gliotoxin-induced apoptosis. On the cell surface, NOTCH3 and CD23 expression were mutually exclusive, suggesting that downregulation of NOTCH2 signaling is a prerequisite for NOTCH3 expression in CLL cells. ATAC-seq confirmed that gliotoxin targeted the canonical NOTCH signaling, as indicated by the loss of chromatin accessibility at the potential NOTCH/CSL site containing the gene regulatory elements. This was accompanied by a gain in accessibility at the NR4A1, NFκB, and ATF3 motifs close to the genes involved in B-cell activation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In summary, these data show that gliotoxin recovers a non-canonical tumor-suppressing NOTCH3 activity, indicating that nuclear NOTCH2 inhibitors might be beneficial compared to pan-NOTCH inhibitors in the treatment of CLL.
Ellipsometric and magneto-optic properties of sputtered dysprosium-iron multilayers (1988)

Ellipsometric and magneto-optical properties of Dy (3.5 Å thick) and Fe (2.5–12.5 Å thick) multilayers were investigated over the spectral range from 3000 to 8000 Å in magnetic fields to 0.21 T. In this range of layer thickness the magnetic anisotropy is vertical. Kerr rotations, were found to be weakly spectrally dependent, and as large as 0.06°. The magnetically driven change of ellipticity of reflected light was as large as 0.13, depending on sample and wavelength. Ellipsometric analysis of layer thickness was performed assuming a multilayer geometry. In addition, the optical constants were determined assuming the multilayer was a homogeneous layer with ‘‘effective’’ properties.
Active or Prior GB Virus C Infection Does Not Protect against Vertical Transmission of HIV in Coinfected Women from Tanzania (2004)

To determine whether GB virus C (GBV-C) infection is associated with protection against vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we tested 186 HIV-positive pregnant women for GBV-C. Neither active nor prior GBV-C infection was associated with a lower rate of HIV acquisition among infants. Thus, GBV-C does not appear to protect against perinatal HIV acquisition.
SiO2 Aerogel Templated, Porous TiO2 Photoanodes for Enhanced Performance in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Containing a Ni(III)/(IV) Bis(dicarbollide) Shuttle (2011)

High-area photoanodes consisting of silica aerogels, overcoated by atomic-layer-deposited TiO2, were fabricated on transparent conducting oxide platforms for their use in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) in a similar fashion as previously described. These films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, gas adsorption, and light and dark electrochemical impedance measurements. The use of aerogel-templated photoanodes in DSCs with a Ni(III/IV) bis(dicarbollide) redox shuttle results in a greater than 2-fold enhancement in photocurrent densities, in comparison to similar cells containing photoanodes constructed from TiO2 nanoparticles. This improvement in photocurrent is attributed to a combination of improved electron transport, increased recombination resistance across the TiO2/electrolyte interface, and increased light scattering within the aerogel films. As a result, DSC charge collection efficiencies with this comparatively fast exchanging outer-sphere redox couple are improved in the TiO2 aerogel templated photoanode.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Alkyl D‐Glycofuranosiduronic Acids and Alkyl D‐Glycofuranosides from Unprotected Carbohydrates. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Time-resolved videothermography at above-frame-rate frequencies</title> (1991)

Temporal aliasing is a problem common all video imaging systems. IR video systems are particularly susceptible because of the relatively low (30 Hz) RS-170 frame rate. We have developed a system which compensates for the effects of aliasing, and allows images of repetitive thermal phenomena at frequencies up to 4 kHz to be acquired. The system utilizes an unmodified commercial imager (Inframetrics IR 600) and a microcomputer. Data is acquired selectively using a 'line-by-line' scheme which compares the motion of the camera's horizontal scanning mirror to a reference signal correlated to the event of interest. Only those horizontal lines that have a user-specified phase relationship to the reference signal are acquired. The resulting images have an effective integration time of 125 microseconds. This ability to acquire 'time-resolved' IR images allows investigation of phenomena not possible with a conventional RS-170 IR imaging system. For example, a conventional thermal image of an integrated circuit operating at several kilohertz yields no temporal information whatsoever. By comparison, we have acquired time-resolved images which show the AC heating and cooling of the circuit, so that we may identify AC hot spots. The system has also been applied to a running internal combustion engine. The imager views the piston head through an IR transparent (ZnS) window. Acquired images clearly show the motion of the flame front through the combustion chamber, and the subsequent heating and cooling of the piston head.
Thermodynamic Properties of CO{sub 2} Capture Reaction by Solid Sorbents: Theoretical Predictions and Experimental Validations (2012)

It is generally accepted that current technologies for capturing CO{sub 2} are still too energy intensive. Hence, there is a critical need for development of new materials that can capture CO{sub 2} reversibly with acceptable energy costs. Accordingly, solid sorbents have been proposed to be used for CO{sub 2} capture applications through a reversible chemical transformation. By combining thermodynamic database mining with first principles density functional theory and phonon lattice dynamics calculations, a theoretical screening methodology to identify the most promising CO{sub 2} sorbent candidates from the vast array of possible solid materials has been proposed and validated. The calculated thermodynamic properties of different classes of solid materials versus temperature and pressure changes were further used to evaluate the equilibrium properties for the CO{sub 2} adsorption/desorption cycles. According to the requirements imposed by the pre- and post- combustion technologies and based on our calculated thermodynamic properties for the CO{sub 2} capture reactions by the solids of interest, we were able to screen only those solid materials for which lower capture energy costs are expected at the desired pressure and temperature conditions. These CO{sub 2} sorbent candidates were further considered for experimental validations. In this presentation, we first introduce our screening methodology with validating by solid dataset of alkali and alkaline metal oxides, hydroxides and bicarbonates which thermodynamic properties are available. Then, by studying a series of lithium silicates, we found that by increasing the Li{sub 2}O/SiO{sub 2} ratio in the lithium silicates their corresponding turnover temperatures for CO{sub 2} capture reactions can be increased. Compared to anhydrous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}, the dehydrated K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}1.5H{sub 2}O can only be applied for post-combustion CO{sub 2} capture technology at temperatures lower than its phase transition (to anhydrous phase) temperature, which depends on the CO{sub 2} pressure and the steam pressure with the best range being PH{sub 2}O≤1.0 bar. Above the phase-transition temperature, the sorbent will be regenerated into anhydrous K{sub 2}CO{sub 3}. Our theoretical investigations on Na-promoted MgO sorbents revealed that the sorption process takes place through formation of the Na{sub 2}Mg(CO{sub 3}){sub 2} double carbonate with better reaction kinetics over porous MgO, that of pure MgO sorbent. The experimental sorption tests also indicated that the Na-promoted MgO sorbent has high reactivity and capacity towards CO{sub 2} sorption and can be easily regenerated either through pressure or temperature swing processes.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Anticancer Activity of a Novel Selective CYP17A1 Inhibitor in Preclinical Models of Castrate-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1: Schematic of steroid biosynthesis pathway.&lt;/p&gt;
Science and application of strigolactones (2020)

Strigolactones (SLs) represent a class of plant hormones that regulate developmental processes and play a role in the response of plants to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Both in planta hormonal roles and ex planta signalling effects of SLs are potentially interesting agricultural targets. In this review, we explore various aspects of SL function and highlight distinct areas of agriculture that may benefit from the use of synthetic SL analogues, and we identify possible bottlenecks. Our objective is to identify where the contributions of science and stakeholders are still needed to achieve harnessing the benefits of SLs for a sustainable agriculture of the near future.
Multiple Virtual Tunneling of Dirac Fermions in Granular Graphene (2013)

Graphene charge carriers behave as massless Dirac fermions, opening the exciting possibility to observe long-range virtual tunneling of electrons in a solid. In granular metals, electron hops arising from series of virtual transitions are predicted to yield observable currents at low-enough temperatures, but to date experimental evidence is lacking. We report on electron transport in granular graphene films self-assembled by hydrogenation of suspended graphene. While the log-conductance shows a characteristic T(-1/2) temperature dependence, cooling the samples below 10 K drives a triple crossover: a slope break in log-conductance, simultaneous to a substantial increase in magneto-conductance and onset of large mesoscopic conductance fluctuations. These phenomena are signatures of virtual transitions of electrons between distant localized states, and conductance statistics reveal that the high crossover-temperature is due to the Dirac nature of granular graphene charge carriers.