gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research Note: Effect of In Ovo 17-β-Estradiol or Tamoxifen Administration on Sexual Differentiation of the External Genitalia (1992)

The effect of in ovo administration of tamoxifen or 17 beta-estradiol on external sexual dimorphism in chickens was investigated. In two trials, fertile eggs were injected with either tamoxifen (200 micrograms per egg) or vehicle (100 microL corn oil) on Day 1 of incubation, or with 17 beta-estradiol (20 micrograms per egg) or vehicle on Day 11 of incubation. Sexes were determined by visual inspection of the external genitalia and by gonadal identification at Day 1 posthatch. Tamoxifen injection resulted in a significantly greater number of phenotypic male identifications, with male:female ratios of 76:24 (Trial 1) and 62:38 (Trial 2) based on external genitalia phenotype. Gonadal sexing corrected these ratios to 46:54 and 44:56, resulting in genital sexing errors of 27% (Trial 1) and 18% (Trial 2). These errors were significantly higher than genital sexing errors of the chicks treated with vehicle (2 and .6% for Trials 1 and 2, respectively). In ovo administration of 17 beta-estradiol resulted in an increased number of female identifications based on genital sex determination, with male:female ratios of 37:63 (Trial 1) and 46:54 (Trial 2). Gonadal sexing corrected these ratios to 54:46 and 51:49, resulting in genital sexing errors of 10 and 6% for Trials 1 and 2, respectively. These errors were significantly higher than genital sexing errors of vehicle-treated chicks (4 and .9% for Trials 1 and 2, respectively). The results of the present study indicate that early embryonic administration of estrogen or an estrogen antagonist alters chicken external sexual dimorphism near the time of hatch.
Development and integration of systems with enhanced resolutions based on Si-containing block copolymers for line space applications (2015)

While directed self-assembly based on poly(styrene)-block-poly(methylmethacrylate) block copolymers (BCP) for contact shrink or multiplication applications approaches industrial maturity, new systems with the ability to self-assemble with sub-20 nm features need to be evaluated taking into account the integration requirements (in terms of solvent, thermal budget, etching capability,…). In this contribution, two different systems Si-containing BCP systems will be presented targeting line/space applications. These two systems are characterized by a high segregation strength allowing the design of block copolymers with sub-20 nm period while high etching contrast inherent to the Si-containing block could be achieved between the different blocks. Firstly original poly(dimethylsilacyclobutane)-blockpoly( methylmethacrylate) (PDMSB-b-PMMA) block copolymers showing hexagonal arrays of PDMBS cylinders have been developed. Study of the PDMSB-b-PMMA self-assembly both on free surface and on patterned substrates show its high potential since long range order arrays can be obtained by a rapid thermal annealing treatment. Besides preliminary results on their track integration is discussed with a demonstration of density multiplication up to 18. The second system consists of poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-poly(lactid acid) block chains which self-assemble into PDMS cylinders in thin film configuration. Such block copolymer system provides an easy access to line/space arrays of parallel PDMS cylinders which can be subsequently transferred into the desired stack layers through plasma etching.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Digital Pathology (2017)

The <i>Journal of Medical Imaging</i> (JMI) allows for the peer-reviewed communication and archiving of fundamental and translational research, as well as applications, focused on medical imaging, a field that continues to benefit from technological improvements and yield biomedical advancements in the early detection, diagnostics, and therapy of disease as well as in the understanding of normal conditions.
Burst mode packet receiver using a second order DLL (2004)

This paper describes a CDR that can be used to receive optically switched packets. Rather than using fast phase acquisition to lock onto each packet, it uses a second order delay locked loop to acquire both the frequency and phase of each source to predict future bit transitions. A 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS prototype can track frequency offsets of 100ppm to better than 0.1 ppm and can retain lock on 10Kbit 3.125Gbps packets that occur once every 2.4Mbits.
Les animaux gnotobiotiques : pour mieux comprendre le microbiote intestinal (2013)

De nombreuses données récentes concernent le microbiote intestinal, mais les interactions fonctionnelles qui s’établissent entre ce microbiote et les entérocytes restent encore peu connues, alors qu’elles sont tout à fait essentielles pour la santé. Nous avons choisi deux exemples illustrant l’utilisation d’animaux gnotobiotiques pour analyser le dialogue entre les cellules intestinales et le microbiote. Les animaux mono-associés avec la bactérie commensale Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron révèlent les effets mutuels qui existent entre une bactérie commensale et l’hôte. L’étude d’animaux gnotobiotiques, porteurs de bactéries du yaourt, permet de proposer des nouvelles voies de régulation du métabolisme des sucres des bactéries lactiques et de nouvelles voies moléculaires par lesquelles ces bactéries pourraient influencer la physiologie de l’hôte.
Supplementary Figures 1-2, Table 1 from A Novel Orally Active Small Molecule Potently Induces G<sub>1</sub> Arrest in Primary Myeloma Cells and Prevents Tumor Growth by Specific Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2, Table 1 from A Novel Orally Active Small Molecule Potently Induces G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Arrest in Primary Myeloma Cells and Prevents Tumor Growth by Specific Inhibition of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6
Impact of time-zero and NBTI variability on sub-20nm FinFET based SRAM at low voltages (2015)

BSIM-CMG based HSPICE framework is developed for simulating time-zero and Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) variability of SRAM performance parameters. Time-zero variability of Read Static Noise Margin, Hold Static Noise Margin and Flip-Time for different process corners are simulated. Models used for SPICE simulation are foundry qualified sub-20nm FinFET for two types of 6T SRAM cells, High-Speed and High-Density cells. The Impact of stochastic BTI for DC and AC activity stress on these parameters are studied for relevant worst-case process corner. The impact of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> reduction on time-zero and post-BTI SRAM parameter variability is also studied. Critical failure situations are identified.
Figures of merit for comparing reconstruction algorithms with a volume-imaging PET scanner (1994)

For volume-imaging PET scanners, no septa are used to maximize the sensitivity by collecting events oblique to the scanner axis. We answer two questions: (i) how does the performance of an image reconstruction algorithm for a volume-imaging PET scanner depend on its general dimensions? and (ii) at what point is a three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction algorithm needed for a volume-imaging scanner, as the axial extent is increased? A 3D reconstruction algorithm will accurately incorporate the oblique events in a reconstruction of the original source distribution. From simulations of an existing volume PET scanner with a maximum axial acceptance angle (+/-alpha) of alpha = 9 degrees, however, we show that the single-slice rebinning algorithm is a good compromise between sensitivity, speed, and accuracy when compared to standard two-dimensional reconstruction (alpha = 1 degrees), and a 3D reconstruction with alpha = 9 degrees. We also show with simulations that a new scanner with alpha = 27 degrees requires 3D reconstruction in order to achieve maximum sensitivity without unacceptable losses in accuracy. Measurements of scanner performance are based on a series of figures of merit that characterize image quality and quantitative accuracy measured from a set of simulated test phantoms.
Investigation of the Ligand–Nanoparticle Interface: A Cryogenic Approach for Preserving Surface Chemistry (2018)

Ligand-functionalized nanoparticles have replaced bare nanoparticles from most biological applications. These applications require tight control over size and stability of nanoparticles in aqueous medium. Understanding the mechanism of interaction of nanoparticle surfaces with functional groups of different organic ligands such as carboxylic acids is confounding despite the two decades of research on nanoparticles because of the inability to characterize their surfaces in their immediate environment. Often the surface interaction is understood by correlating the information available, in a piecemeal approach, from surface sensitive spectroscopic information on ligands and the bulk and surface information on nanoparticles. In present study we report the direct interaction of 5–7 nm cerium oxide nanoparticles surface with acetic acid. An in-situ XPS study was carried out by freezing the aqueous solution of nanoparticles to liquid nitrogen temperatures. Analysis of data collected concurrently from the ligands as well as functionalized frozen cerium oxide nanoparticles show that the acetic acid binds to the ceria surface in both dissociated and molecular state with equal population over the surface. The cerium oxide surface was populated predominantly with Ce4+ ions consistent with the thermal hydrolysis synthesis. DFT calculations reveal that the acetate ions bind more strongly to the cerium oxide nanoparticles as compared to the water molecules and can replace the hydration sphere of nanoparticles resulting in high acetate/acetic surface coverage. These findings reveal molecular level interaction between the nanoparticle surfaces and ligands, giving a better understanding of how materials behave in their immediate solution environment. This study also proposes a simple and elegant methodology to directly study the surface functional groups attached to nanoparticles in their immediate solution environment.
Investigation of boron diffusion in 6H-SiC (2003)

p -type doping of 6H-SiC was implemented by diffusion of boron at temperatures higher than 1900 °C. The doping profiles were clearly divided into steep (zone I) and long-tail (zone II) regions. The boron diffusions in both regions are well fitted by erfc functions but with different diffusion coefficients, which are an activation energy (EA) of 6.1 eV and a prefactor (D0) of 3.2 cm2/s for zone I and 4.6 eV and 0.1 cm2/s for zone II, respectively. Further, it has been confirmed that the boron acceptors in zone I are primarily located at shallow energy levels (∼300 meV) and the ones in zone II are located at deep energy levels (∼700 meV).
Improving predictive CTV segmentation on CT and CBCT for cervical cancer by diffeomorphic registration of a prior (2021)

Constraining the solution space of admissible segmentation predictions to those reachable by a diffeomorphic deformation of the prior proved beneficial as it improved geometric consistency. Especially for CBCT, with its poor soft-tissue contrast, this type of regularization becomes important as shown by quantitative and qualitative evaluation.
RNA-Seq Atlas—a reference database for gene expression profiling in normal tissue by next-generation sequencing (2012)

http://medicalgenomics.org/rna_seq_atlas.
Alignment and extraction of bilingual legal terminology from context profiles (2002)

In this study, we propose a knowledge-independent method for aligning terms and thus extracting translations from a small, domain-specific corpus consisting of parallel English and Chinese court judgments from Hong Kong. With a sentence-aligned corpus, translation equivalences are suggested by analysing the frequency profiles of parallel concordances. The method overcomes the limitations of conventional statistical methods which require large corpora to be effective, and lexical approaches which depend on existing bilingual dictionaries. Pilot testing on a parallel corpus of about 113K Chinese words and 120K English words gives an encouraging 85% precision and 45% recall. Future work includes fine-tuning the algorithm upon the analysis of the errors, and acquiring a translation lexicon for legal terminology by filtering out general terms.
Evaluating the Stability of Deep Image Quality Assessment With Respect to Image Scaling (2022)

Image quality assessment (IQA) is a fundamental metric for image processing tasks (e.g., compression). With full-reference IQAs, traditional IQAs, such as PSNR and SSIM, have been used. Recently, IQAs based on deep neural networks (deep IQAs), such as LPIPS and DISTS, have also been used. It is known that image scaling is inconsistent among deep IQAs, as some perform down-scaling as pre-processing, whereas others instead use the original image size. In this paper, we show that the image scale is an influential factor that affects deep IQA performance. We comprehensively evaluate four deep IQAs on the same five datasets, and the experimental results show that image scale significantly influences IQA performance. We found that the most appropriate image scale is often neither the default nor the original size, and the choice differs depending on the methods and datasets used. We visualized the stability and found that PieAPP is the most stable among the four deep IQAs.
Rapid Growth of Crystalline Mn5O8 by Self-Limited Multilayer Deposition using Mn(EtCp)2 and O3 (2016)

This work investigates the use of ozone as a post-treatment of ALD-grown MnO and as a coreactant with bis(ethylcyclopentadienyl)manganese (Mn(EtCp)2) in ALD-like film growth. In situ quartz crystal microbalance measurements are used to monitor the mass changes during growth, which are coupled with ex situ materials characterization following deposition to evaluate the resulting film composition and structure. We determined that during O3 post-treatment of ALD-grown MnO, O3 oxidizes the near-surface region corresponding to a conversion of 22 Å of the MnO film to MnO2. Following oxidation by O3, exposure of Mn(EtCp)2 results in mass gains of over 300 ng/cm(2), which exceeds the expected mass gain for reaction of the Mn(EtCp)2 precursor with surface hydroxyls by over four times. We attribute this high mass gain to adsorbed Mn(EtCp)2 shedding its EtCp ligands at the surface and releasing Mn(II) ions which subsequently diffuse into the bulk film and partially reduce the oxidized film back to MnO. These Mn(EtCp)2 and O3 reactions are combined in sequential steps with (a) Mn(EtCp)2 reacting at the surface of an O-rich layer, shedding its two EtCp ligands and freeing Mn(II) to diffuse into the film followed by (b) O3 oxidizing the film surface and withdrawing Mn from the subsurface to create an O-rich layer. This deposition process results in self-limiting multilayer deposition of crystalline Mn5O8 films with a density of 4.7 g/cm(3) and an anomalously high growth rate of 5.7 Å/cycle. Mn5O8 is a metastable phase of manganese oxide which possesses an intermediate composition between the alternating MnO and MnO2 compositions of the near-surface during the Mn(EtCp)2 and O3 exposures.
Independent association of PD‐L1 expression with noninactivated VHL clear cell renal cell carcinoma—A finding with therapeutic potential (2016)

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive tumor that is characterized in most cases by inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene VHL. The VHL/HIF/VEGF pathway thus plays a major role in angiogenesis and is currently targeted by anti-angiogenic therapy. The emergence of resistance is leading to the use of targeted immunotherapy against immune checkpoint PD1/PDL1 that restores antitumor immune response. The correlation between VHL status and PD-L1 expression has been little investigated. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed 98 consecutive cases of ccRCC and correlated PD-L1 expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) with clinical data (up to 10-year follow-up), pathological criteria, VEGF, PAR-3, CAIX and PD-1 expressions by IHC and complete VHL status (deletion, mutation and promoter hypermethylation). PD-L1 expression was observed in 69 ccRCC (70.4%) and the corresponding patients had a worse prognosis, with a median specific survival of 52 months (p = 0.03). PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with poor prognostic factors such as a higher ISUP nucleolar grade (p = 0.01), metastases at diagnosis (p = 0.01), a sarcomatoid component (p = 0.04), overexpression of VEGF (p = 0.006), and cytoplasmic PAR-3 expression (p = 0.01). PD-L1 expression was also associated with dense PD-1 expression (p = 0.007) and with ccRCC with 0 or 1 alteration(s) (non-inactivated VHL tumors; p = 0.007) that remained significant after multivariate analysis (p = 0.004 and p = 0.024, respectively). Interestingly, all wild-type VHL tumors (no VHL gene alteration, 11.2%) expressed PD-L1. In this study, we found PD-L1 expression to be associated with noninactivated VHL tumors and in particular wild-type VHL ccRCC, which may benefit from therapies inhibiting PD-L1/PD-1.
Engaging Aldehydes in CuH‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling Reactions: Stereoselective Allylation with Unactivated 1,3‐Diene Pronucleophiles (2019)

Recently, CuH-catalyzed reductive coupling processes involving carbonyl compounds and imines have become attractive alternatives to traditional methods for stereoselective addition because of their ability to use readily accessible and stable olefins as surrogates for organometallic nucleophiles. However, the inability to use aldehydes, which usually reduce too rapidly in the presence of copper hydride complexes to be viable substrates, has been a major limitation. Shown here is that by exploiting relative concentration effects through kinetic control, this intrinsic reactivity can be inverted and the reductive coupling of 1,3-dienes with aldehydes achieved. Using this method, both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes can be transformed into synthetically valuable homoallylic alcohols with high levels of diastereo- and enantioselectivities, and in the presence of many useful functional groups. Furthermore, using a combination of theoretical (DFT) and experimental methods, important mechanistic features of this reaction related to stereo- and chemoselectivities were uncovered.
COMPLEXATION OF IMIDAZOLIDINE-2-THIONE AND ITS DERIVATIVES WITH GOLD(I) CYANIDE (1986)

Abstract New 1:1 complexes of the type [LAu-CN] where L = imidazolidine-2-thione and its N-alkylated derivatives are obtained from reactions between the thione ligands and gold(I) cyanide. The complexes are characterized by elemental analyses, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy.
Complex Nonlinear Regression (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Concept Objective Functions Formalism of Regression Strategies Regression Strategies for Nonlinear Problems Influence of Data Quality on Regression Initial Estimates for Regression Regression Statistics Problems
BigDataStack: A Holistic Data-Driven Stack for Big Data Applications and Operations (2018)

The new data-driven industrial revolution highlights the need for big data technologies to unlock the potential in various application domains. In this context, emerging innovative solutions exploit several underlying infrastructure and cluster management systems. However, these systems have not been designed and implemented in a "big data context", and they rather emphasize and address the computational needs and aspects of applications and services to be deployed. In this paper we present the architecture of a complete stack (namely BigDataStack), based on a frontrunner infrastructure management system that drives decisions according to data aspects, thus being fully scalable, runtime adaptable and high-performant to address the needs of big data operations and data-intensive applications. Furthermore, the stack goes beyond purely infrastructure elements by introducing techniques for dimensioning big data applications, modelling and analyzing of processes as well as provisioning data-as-a-service by exploiting a seamless analytics framework.
Quality of care for patients evaluated for tuberculosis in the context of Xpert MTB/RIF scale-up (2019)

Although coverage of Xpert testing services across Uganda is high, the quality of care delivered to patients undergoing TB evaluation remains poor. Further research is needed to identify health system interventions to facilitate uptake of Xpert testing and high-quality care.
Base- and Catalyst-Induced Orthogonal Site Selectivities in Acylation of Amphiphilic Diols (2020)

Seeking to selectively functionalize natural and synthetic amphiphiles, we explored acylation of model amphiphilic diols. The use of a nucleophilic catalyst enabled a remarkable shift of the site selectivity from the polar site, preferred in background noncatalyzed or base-promoted reactions, to the apolar site. This tendency was significantly enhanced for organocatalysts comprising an imidazole active site surrounded by long/branched tails. An explanation of these orthogonal modes of selectivity is supported by competitive experiments with monoalcohol substrates.
Bringing New Plant Varieties to Market: Plant Breeding and Selection Practices Advance Beneficial Characteristics while Minimizing Unintended Changes (2017)

Commercial‐scale plant breeding is a complex process in which new crop varieties are continuously being developed to improve yield and agronomic performance over current varieties. A wide array of naturally occurring genetic changes are sources of new characteristics available to plant breeders. During conventional plant breeding, genetic material is exchanged that has the potential to beneficially or adversely affect plant characteristics. For this reason, commercial‐scale breeders have implemented extensive plant selection practices to identify the top‐performing candidates with the desired characteristics while minimizing the advancement of unintended changes. Selection practices in maize ( Zea mays L.) breeding involve phenotypic assessments of thousands of candidate lines throughout hundreds of different environmental conditions over many years. Desirable characteristics can also be introduced through genetic modification. For genetically modified (GM) crops, molecular analysis is used to select transformed plants with a single copy of an intact DNA insert and without disruption of endogenous genes. All the while, GM crops go through the same extensive phenotypic characterization as conventionally bred crops. Data from both conventional and GM maize breeding programs are presented to show the similarities between these two processes.
A Closer Look into More Efficient Use of Coating Colours (2011)

Improvements in coating colour management in a paper mill will enable significant waste reduction and prolong the running cycles of coating colour batches. It is well understood that it is important for a mill to regularly monitor coating colours and to have an up-to- date reference database regarding the properties of the used coating colours. This 'best practice' simplifies the evaluation of quality issues which may occur and consequently lead to serious problems. A database can be used for the evaluation of both the raw materials and ready-made coating colours. Currently, the quality control in coating colour kitchens is often performed with a simple viscosity measurement, such as a Brookfield viscometer, and in most cases, both pH and dry solids content after coating colour make down are also monitored. However changes in coating colour properties during different process steps should also be measured in order to understand how to improve the long term performance of a coating colour. An optimized coating colour will not only help to achieve a mottle free print quality but also to reduce coating colour waste and to improve the efficiency of the coater.