gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Knowledge Extraction and Data Mining for the Competitive Electricity Auction Market (2006)

The transition from a vertically integrated industry to a horizontally integrated open market system changes the operational planning activities of generation companies (GENCOs). This transition, along with the strategic bidding decision process that must be employed by a GENCO, changes the objective from cost minimization to profit maximization. This change requires considering not only the technical aspects of unit operation, such as capacity limits, but also information about other market participants and the volatility of market prices. These additional factors are significant, especially in an oligopolistic market, because they influence the amount of electricity bought and sold, thus affecting net profit. This paper proposes an approach that data mines historical and current market data. The context is a deterministic four-market-participant environment. This model uses an auction simulator for 120 time periods. Results suggest that the data mining approach be extended to the reduction of epistemic uncertainty in VaR/PaR inferences using information gap theory
Multiplex Single-Color PCR with Amplicon Melting Analysis for Identification of Aspergillus Species (2006)

Multiplex, closed-tube detection of PCR products usually requires expensive probes of different colors. Alternatively, many PCR products can be distinguished by the amplicon melting temperature ( T m) in a single color with saturating DNA dyes. We describe here a T m-multiplexed assay for the identification and speciation of 4 Aspergillus species, A. fumigatus , A. flavus , A. niger , and A. terreus , plus an internal control that offers a promising method for rapid detection. Species identification is based on the amplicon melting patterns generated in the presence of the DNA saturating dye LCGreen® PLUS (Idaho Technology). Four Aspergillus species–specific forward primers were used with a consensus reverse primer. To separate all species, the forward primers for A. fumigatus and A. niger were tailed with additional nucleotides empirically chosen to increase the overall T m of the primers without contributing to nonspecific priming. Additionally, a plasmid of nonrelated sequence was used as an internal control, generating an amplicon with a higher T m than any of the Aspergillus species. Melting analysis was performed on either the LightCycler® (Roche) or the HR-1™ Instrument (Idaho Technology).

We …
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐4‐oxothieno(3,2‐d)pyrimidine and Perhydropyrimidine Derivatives from Alkyl Dicyanoacetates. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Combined Deficiency of IL-1β18, but Not IL-1αβ, Reduces Susceptibility to Hypoxia-Ischemia in the Immature Brain (2005)

Interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-18 belong to the IL-1 family. IL-18 deficiency has been shown to confer moderate protection after hypoxia-ischemia (HI) in the immature brain, while the contribution of the two isoforms of IL-1 (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta) in neonatal HI brain injury has not been investigated previously. The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of the different members of the IL-1 family to neonatal HI damage. Unilateral HI was induced at postnatal day 9 in IL-1beta, IL-1beta18, and IL-1alphabeta knockout and wild-type mice and brain injury was evaluated 1 week later. IL-1beta18-deficient mice showed 17% reduction in brain injury, while no significant reduction in injury was detected between any of the other groups. These results indicate that IL-18, but not IL-1beta, or the combination of IL-1alpha and IL-1beta, is a contributor to HI injury in the immature brain.
Small deletions in the type II collagen triple helix produce Kniest dysplasia (1999)

Kniest dysplasia is a moderately severe type II collagenopathy, characterized by short trunk and limbs, kyphoscoliosis, midface hypoplasia, severe myopia, and hearing loss. Mutations in the gene that encodes type II collagen (COL2A1), the predominant protein of cartilage, have been identified in a number of individuals with Kniest dysplasia. All but two of these previously described mutations cause in-frame deletions in type II collagen, either by small deletions in the gene or splice site alterations. Furthermore, all but one of these mutations is located between exons 12 and 24 in the COL2A1 gene. We used heteroduplex analysis to identify sequence anomalies in five individuals with Kniest dysplasia. Sequencing of the index patients' genomic DNA identified four new dominant mutations in COL2A1 that result in Kniest dysplasia: a 21-bp deletion in exon 16, an 18-bp deletion in exon 19, and 4-bp deletions in the splice donor sites of introns 14 and 20. A previously described 28-bp deletion at the COL2A1 exon 12–intron 12 junction, deleting the splice donor site, was identified in the fifth case. The latter three mutations are predicted to result in exon skipping in the mRNA encoded from the mutant allele. These data suggest that Kniest dysplasia results from shorter type II collagen monomers, and support the hypothesis that alteration of a specific COL2A1 domain, which may span from exons 12 to 24, leads to the Kniest dysplasia phenotype. Am. J Med. Genet. 85:105–112, 1999. Published 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improvements in laser flare removal for particle image velocimetry using fluorescent dye-doped particles (2015)

Laser flare, or scattering of laser light from a surface, can often be a major issue in particle image velocimetry (PIV) involving solid boundaries in the flow or a gas–liquid interface. The use of fluorescent light from dye-doped particles has been demonstrated in water applications, but reproducing the technique in an airflow is more difficult due to particle size constraints and safety concerns. The following work presents fluorescent Kiton Red 620 (KR620)-doped polystyrene latex microspheres as a solution to this issue. The particles are small and narrowly distributed, with a mean diameter of 0.87 and diameter distribution standard deviation of 0.30 . Furthermore, the KR620 dye exhibits much lower toxicity than other common fluorescent dyes, and would be safe to use in large flow facilities. The fluorescent signal from the particles is measured on average to be 320 ± 10 times weaker than the Mie scattering signal from the particles. This reduction in signal is counterbalanced by greatly enhanced contrast via optical rejection of the incident laser wavelength. Fluorescent PIV with these particles is shown to eliminate laser flare near surfaces, allowing for velocity measurements as close as 100 to the surface. In one case, fluorescent PIV led to velocity vector validation rates more than 20 times that of the Mie scattering results in the boundary layer region of an angled surface.
Pathotypic and Molecular Characterization of a Fowl Adenovirus Associated with Inclusion Body Hepatitis in Saskatchewan Chickens (2012)

Inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) is one of the major global disease problems, causing significant economic losses to poultry industry of the United States and Canada. The disease is characterized by its sudden onset and high mortalities. Amongst different serotypes of fowl adenoviruses (FAdVs) associated with IBH, serotype 8 of group I FAdV has been isolated from majority of IBH cases. In present studies, we isolated a FAdV from morbid liver of a 17-day-old broiler from a Saskatchewan broiler farm. This newly isolated virus was designated as IBHV(SK). However, based on the sequence analysis of the L1 region of the hexon gene, the IBHV(SK) may be classified as FAdV 8b strain 764. These studies describe for the first time the complete hexon gene sequence of FAdV serotype 8b. Experimental infection of 2-day-old (n = 48) and 2-wk-old (n = 56) chicks caused 83% and 43% mortalities, respectively. Determination of the complete hexon gene sequence of IBHV(SK) with establishment of a disease model in chickens will facilitate the development of type-specific diagnostic reagents and assays for the evaluation of potential experimental vaccines against pathogenic FAdV infections.
Multi-Moments in Time: Learning and Interpreting Models for Multi-Action\n Video Understanding (2019)

Videos capture events that typically contain multiple sequential, and\nsimultaneous, actions even in the span of only a few seconds. However, most\nlarge-scale datasets built to train models for action recognition in video only\nprovide a single label per video. Consequently, models can be incorrectly\npenalized for classifying actions that exist in the videos but are not\nexplicitly labeled and do not learn the full spectrum of information present in\neach video in training. Towards this goal, we present the Multi-Moments in Time\ndataset (M-MiT) which includes over two million action labels for over one\nmillion three second videos. This multi-label dataset introduces novel\nchallenges on how to train and analyze models for multi-action detection. Here,\nwe present baseline results for multi-action recognition using loss functions\nadapted for long tail multi-label learning, provide improved methods for\nvisualizing and interpreting models trained for multi-label action detection\nand show the strength of transferring models trained on M-MiT to smaller\ndatasets.\n
The Uses of Norms (2013)

This chapter presents a variety of applications of norms. These applications include governance in sociotechnical systems, data licensing and data collection, understanding software development teams, requirements engineering, assurance, natural resource allocation, wireless grids, autonomous vehicles, serious games, and virtual worlds.
Who knows how to treat systemic light chain amyloidosis? (2011)

A rarely noted aspect of the era of novel agents and explosive new knowledge in the clonal plasma cell diseases is how short the half-life of relevant information has become, and how this churning has challenged clinical thinking.
Hiding stars with fireworks (2009)

Individuals face privacy risks when providing personal location data to potentially untrusted location based services (LBSs). We develop and demonstrate CacheCloak, a system that enables realtime anonymization of location data. In CacheCloak, a trusted anonymizing server generates mobility predictions from historical data and submits intersecting predicted paths simultaneously to the LBS. Each new predicted path is made to intersect with other users' paths, ensuring that no individual user's path can be reliably tracked over time. Mobile users retrieve cached query responses for successive new locations from the trusted server, triggering new prediction only when no cached response is available for their current locations. A simulated hostile LBS with detailed mobility pattern data attempts to track users of CacheCloak, generating a quantitative measure of location privacy over time. GPS data from a GIS-based traffic simulation in an urban environment shows that CacheCloak can achieve realtime location privacy without loss of location accuracy or availability.
Process Dependent Optimization of Dielectric and Metal Stacks for Multilevel Resistive Random-Access Memory (2020)

Recently, multilevel Resistive RAM (ReRAM) stacks have been demonstrated to have promising applications related to inference and learning in artificial intelligence. However, extensive studies on energy efficiency, repeatability, and retention during multilevel operations have not been undertaken previously. It is, therefore, required to investigate the device characteristics such as compliance current (CC) dependence, forming voltage, memory window, symmetry, and switching energy. Furthermore, understanding the impact of dielectric composition and/or electrode materials is necessary to optimize the device performance, such as switching characteristics, endurance, and energy efficiency. In this work, we have investigated a two-terminal ReRAM device, 10nm Ti/50nm TiN/7nm HfO 2 /1nm Al 2 O 3 /PVD Ti/TiN (Fig. 1), with bilayer switching dielectrics of HfO 2 and Al 2 O 3 . In this case, the embedded Al 2 O 3 layer was placed between the HfO 2 layer and the top electrode (TE). We have evaluated the gradual resistance change capability with varying CC. The I-V characteristics of the ReRAM device, measured by a dc double sweep, is shown in Fig. 2. The device switched at a compliance current of 50nA with a forming voltage of 1.85 volts to set to low resistance state (LRS) from the high resistance state (HRS). The subsequent reset from LRS to HRS was obtained during the negative voltage ramp showing a bipolar switching operation (Fig. 2). With the variation of compliance current (50 nA to 70 nA), the LRS was gradually changed indicating multilevel LRS. It is known that by increasing the compliance current with a gradual set process, multiple conducting filaments (CFs) or thicker CFs can form setting the different LRS values and the annihilation of the CFs during the reset process can also moderately vary the HRS values. The resistance ratio between the HRS and LRS was observed to be more than 1000. The devices were subjected to 100 cycles of SET and RESET operations at different CCs without any failures. When the embedded Al 2 O 3 layer was placed between the bottom electrode (BE) and the HfO 2 layer, the switching compliance current was increased to 10 mA with a reduced forming voltage of 1.6V. Multilevel LRS states were observed for this device when the CC was varied from 10 mA to 12 mA for 100 cycles at each CCs. To further understand the behavior, TEM depth profile measurements were carried out, and it was observed that Al 2 O 3 diffused from the peak at the as-deposited location into the HfO 2 layer in both cases. While this improved the uniformity in switching behavior, the low switching energy consumption in the case of an embedded Al 2 O 3 layer in between the HfO 2 layer and the TE layer remains to be investigated. Replacing the PVD Ti layer (Fig. 1) with ALD Ti in the TE when an Al 2 O 3 layer was between the bottom electrode (BE) and the HfO 2 layer reduced the switching compliance current from 10 mA to 100 nA. This suggests that the metal quality of the TE can impact the switching behavior of the multilevel ReRAMs. Figure 1
Pancreatic Nerve Sheath Tumors: A Single Institution’s Experience (2016)

Javed, Ammar A. MD; Chang, Kevin C.L.; Hruban, Ralph MD; Cameron, John L. MD, FACS; He, Jin MD; Wolfgang, Christopher L. MD, FACS; Weiss, Matthew J. MD, FACS Author Information
Study of ZnO thin film on silicon substrate by sol-gel spin coating method for bio-medical application (2012)

Transparent semiconductor ZnO thin films deposited on p-Si (100) substrates with different solvent (Methanol and Ethanol) were obtained by sol-gel method. The coated ZnO films were annealed in furnace at 500°C for 2 hours. The influence of surface morphologies, surface roughness, I-V characteristic, crystallization and optical properties with different solvent was investigated. The structural properties of the annealed ZnO films were examined with AFM and XRD. UV-Vis was employed to study the optical properties of the ZnO thin films and the electrical characteristics were obtained by I-V curve tracer. XRD result shows that all polycrystalline ZnO thin film after annealing have the orientation along the (002) plane. The ZnO thin film deposited with methanol solvent provide better transmittance if compared to the ethanol solvent. The deposited ZnO thin film will further use for bio-molecular detection with the idea of immobilization and hybridization of the DNA on the ZnO thin film.
A DNA binding loop in the gene 4 helicase‐primase of bacteriophage T7 (2006)

The gene 4 protein encoded by bacteriophage T7 provides both helicase and primase activities at the replication fork. The primase domain is located in the N‐terminal half of the polypeptide and the helicase domain in the C‐terminal half. The gene 4 protein assembles on single‐stranded DNA as a hexamer and then translocates unidirectionally 5′ to 3′ along the strand using the energy of the hydrolysis of deoxythymidine tri‐phosphate (dTTP), thus unwinding double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA) to yield single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA). The crystal structure of the helicase domain of gene 4 protein reveals a flexible segment (residues 464–475), designated as loop II, that lies between conserved motifs H3 and H4. Loop II although not having a defined motif, is distinctly basic with three lysines (K) that protrude into the central DNA‐binding cavity formed by the hexameric protein. It is, therefore, a likely candidate for modulating the binding of gene 4 protein to single‐stranded DNA. Using in vitro mutagenesis we have replaced K467, K471, and K473 with alanines (A). The altered protein lacking basic residues in loop II (gp4‐KloopIIA) does not complement T7Δgp4 infection of E. coli . Although gp4‐KloopIIA formed oligomers equally well as wild‐type protein, it is severely defective in binding to ssDNA. As a consequence, ssDNA‐dependent stimulation of dTTPase activity and DNA unwinding are both abolished. Thus, the basic residues of loop II are involved in the binding of gene 4 protein to single‐stranded DNA. * SM and DJC contributed equally to the work.
Alignment induced aberration fields of next generation telescopes (2008)

There is a long list of new ground-based optical telescopes being considered around the world. While many are conventional Cassegrain and Ritchey-Chretien designs, some are from a family of three mirror anastigmatic (TMA) telescopes that are configured with an offset field (but still obscured) that trace back to designs developed in the 1970s for military applications. The nodal theory of aberrations, developed in the late 1970s, provides valuable insights into the response of TMA telescopes to alignment errors. Here it is shown for the first time that the alignment limiting aberration in any TMA telescope is a 3rd order astigmatism term with a new field dependence, termed field-asymmetric, field-linear 3rd order astigmatism. It is also shown that a TMA telescope under assembly that is only measured to have excellent/perfect performance onaxis is not aligned in any significant way. This is because the new astigmatic term is always zero on-axis, even though it is large over the field of view. Knowledge of this intrinsic misalignment aberration field for any TMA telescope aids greatly in ensuring it can be aligned successfully. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), is used an example of a relevant TMA system.
The look-up table controllers and a particular class of Mamdani fuzzy controllers are equivalent - Implications to real-world applications (2013)

We focused on a new direction of fuzzy control that, we believe, has received little, if any, attention. We explored how the look-up table (LUT) controllers and one special type of Mamdani fuzzy controllers were mathematically related and how to represent the former by the latter. A LUT controller is one of the most widely used tools in industry, especially in automotive engineering. The reasons for its popularity are the strong nonlineraity and multimodal behaviors that can be, in many cases, formalized only by experimentally measured data. Our approach was inspired by the similarity between the fuzzy controllers and LUTs and we used the theory of fuzzy controllers to bring new light to the LUT-based engineering technique that is usually considered as a low tech or “black art” type of control tool. We developed a local stability criterion for feedback control systems with LUT controllers. Based on this, we developed a practical design procedure for constructing a LUT control system that is guaranteed to be at least locally stable under the assumptions that (1) the nonlinear system's mathematical model is unknown, and (2) the system is linearizable at the equilibrium (most practical systems meet this assumption).
Range synthesis for 3D environment modeling (2003)

In this paper a range synthesis algorithm is proposed as an initial solution to the problem of 3D environment modeling from sparse data. We develop a statistical learning method for inferring and extrapolating range data from as little as one intensity image and from those (sparse) regions where both range and intensity information is available. Our work is related to methods for texture synthesis using Markov Random Field methods. We demonstrate that MRF methods can also be applied to general intensity images with little associated range information and used to estimate range values where needed without making any strong assumptions about the kind of surfaces in the world Experimental results show the feasibility of our method.
Polynomial expressions (2010)

This chapter presents some of the issues in the optimization of polynomial expressions. The chapter starts with an introduction to polynomial expressions and their possible optimizations, with illustrative examples. Then, the details of some techniques for manipulating polynomial expressions are presented. This is followed by a description of algebraic techniques used for the optimization of multiple-variable polynomial expressions. The usefulness of these techniques is demonstrated through experimental results. Finally, the chapter presents an ILP-based approach to obtain the optimal solution to the problem.
Ingéniérie moléculaire de nouveaux systèmes conjugués pour l'optique non-linéaire (2005)

Nous presentons dans ce travail la conception, la synthese et les caracterisations photo-physiques et physico-chimiques de materiaux conjugues polyfonctionnels de type «donneurs-donneurs», optimises a la fois pour l’absorption multiphotonique et pour l’obtention d’un riche polymorphisme thermotrope. Ainsi, nous avons developpe une nouvelle strategie de synthese modulaire axee sur la preparation de briques elementaires conjuguees et solubles dans les solvants organiques usuels. Une fois ces briques elementaires synthetisees, nous avons obtenu rapidement et efficacement par couplage croise des series de chromophores organiques uni-, bi- et tri-dimensionnels ayant des sous-structures a motifs uniques de type oligophenylene, oligophenylene-vinylene, oligophenylene-ethynylene, ainsi que des chromophores unidimensionnels a motifs mixtes. En association avec une etude theorique des proprietes d’absorption a deux photons par modelisation, cette approche synthetique nous a permis d’etudier l’influence de variations structurales minimes sur l’efficacite d’absorption a deux photons. Dans le cas des chromophores unidimensionnels nous introduisons la notion de dissymetrie, soit du systeme conjugue, soit des groupements terminaux donneurs. Nous proposons egalement une alternative au concept classique du chromophore unidimensionnel pour l’absorption a deux photons, en introduisant la notion de dimensionnalite cooperative. Enfin, nous avons etudie l’influence de l’augmentation progressive de l’anisotropie sur des systemes mesomorphes symetriques et dissymetriques. Nous avons mis en evidence un polymorphisme thermodynamiquement stable et riche (mesophases lamellaire, colonnaire et cubique), voire atypique (mesophase tetragonale). Des modeles de l’organisation moleculaire au sein des phases sont proposes sur la base de resultats issus des etudes de diffraction des rayons X aux petits angles de Bragg.