gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Evidence of Chronic Epithelial Injury and Dysregulated Repair in Small and Large Airways of Lung Transplant Patients (2012)

Extrahepatic drug metabolism was studied in an anhepatic rabbit model. Plasma concentrations of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU) and its major metabolites, 4-methylumbelliferyl-O-glucuronide and 4-methyumbelliferyl sulfate, along with lidocaine and its major metabolites, monoethylglycinexylidide and 3-hydroxylidocaine, were measured in sham rabbits (n = 4) and anhepatic rabbits (n = 4) following bolus intravenous administration of each drug. Along with concentration profiles of the drugs and metabolites, pharmacokinetic analyses of 4-MU metabolism and lidocaine metabolism were used to assess the extrahepatic metabolism of these classical substrates. Total body clearance of 4-MU in the anhepatic rabbits was about 50% that of the sham animals. Extensive extrahepatic glucuronidation of 4-MU was revealed by comparing the AUC ratios of 4-methylumbelliferyl-O-glucuronide and 4-MU in anhepatic and sham rabbit groups. Sulfation of 4-MU was reduced significantly in the anhepatic group, although some extrahepatic sulfation was observed. Total body clearance of lidocaine was reduced 3-fold in anhepatic animals. 3-Hydroxylidocaine was only detected in plasma samples from sham animals. These results emphasize the importance of extrahepatic sites in drug metabolism, especially glucuronidation of phenolic compounds such as 4-MU.
Systematic difference in the methylation of ribosomal ribonucleic acid from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (1975)

A survey of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was performed to compare the distributionof N6-methylated adenine. It was found that (i) all the gram-positive strains tested, Staphylococcus aureus, Sarcina lutea, Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus megaterium, contain neither N6-monomethyl adenine (m6A) nor N6-dimethyladenine (m26A) in 23S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA). In the case of S. aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes, strains which are clinically resistant to erythromycin contain m26A. (ii) The gram-negative strains Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae all contain m6A but not m23A in 23S rRNA. These observations suggest the existence of at least one systematic structural difference between the ribosomes of the two classes of bacteria. Because of the demonstrated relationship between N6-dimethylation of adenine in 23S rRNA and clinical resistance to macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B-type antibiotics in staphylococci and streptococci, the observed systematic differences found in rRNA methylation combined with greater cellular permeability may be related to the relatively greater efficacy of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B-type antibiotics in treating infections caused by gram-positive organisms.
Actin-related protein 2/3 complex regulates neutrophil extracellular trap expulsion and lung damage in abdominal sepsis (2022)

Neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation is a key feature in sepsis. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating the expulsion of NETs. Actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp 2/3) complex is an important regulator of F-actin polymerization. Coincubation with CK666, a specific Arp 2/3 inhibitor, decreased 12-phorbol 13-myristate acetate-induced NET formation in vitro. CK666 not only abolished F-actin polymerization but also caused intracellular retention of NETs. Inhibition of Arp 2/3 reduced NET formation on circulating neutrophils and in the bronchoalveolar space in mice undergoing cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Notably, treatment with CK666 attenuated CLP-induced neutrophil recruitment, edema formation, and tissue damage in the lungs. Moreover, Arp 2/3 inhibition decreased levels of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CXCL-1) and interleukin-6 in the lung and plasma of septic animals. Taken together, this study shows that expulsion of NETs is regulated by the actin cytoskeleton and that inhibition of Arp 2/3-dependent F-actin polymerization not only decreases NET formation but also protects against pathological inflammation and tissue damage in septic lung injury. Thus, we suggest that targeting NET release is a novel and useful way to ameliorate lung damage in abdominal sepsis.
Development and Evaluation of a Novel Integrated Vacuum Carbonate Absorption Process (2012)

This project was aimed at obtaining process engineering and scale-up data at a laboratory scale to investigate the technical and economic feasibility of a patented post-combustion carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) capture process?the Integrated Vacuum Carbonate Absorption Process (IVCAP). Unique features of the IVCAP include its ability to be fully-integrated with the power plant?s steam cycle and potential for combined sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) removal and CO{sub 2} capture. Theoretical and experimental studies of this project were aimed at answering three major technical questions: 1) What additives can effectively reduce the water vapor saturation pressure and energy requirement for water vaporization in the vacuum stripper of the IVCAP? 2) What catalysts can promote CO{sub 2} absorption into the potassium carbonate (PC) solution to achieve an overall absorption rate comparable to monoethanolamine (MEA) and are the catalysts stable at the IVCAP conditions and in the flue gas environment? 3) Are any process modifications needed to combine SO{sub 2} and CO{sub 2} removal in the IVCAP? Lab-scale experiments and thermodynamic and process simulation studies performed to obtain detailed information pertinent to the above three technical questions produced the following results: 1) Two additives were identified that lower the saturation pressure of water vapor over the PC solution by about 20%. 2) The carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme was identified as the most effective catalyst for promoting CO{sub 2} absorption. The absorption rate into the CO{sub 2}-lean PC solution promoted with 300 mg/L CA was several times slower than the corresponding 5 M MEA solution, but absorption into the CO{sub 2}-rich PC solution was comparable to the CO{sub 2}-rich MEA solution. The tested CA enzymes demonstrated excellent resistance to major flue gas impurities. A technical-grade CA enzyme was stable at 40{degrees}C (104{degrees}F) over a six-month test period, while its half-life was about two months at 50{degrees}C (122{degrees}F). Enzyme immobilization improved the CA enzyme?s thermal stability by up to three times compared to its free counterpart. 3) Two process modifications were proposed to improve the technical performance of the IVCAP for combined SO{sub 2} removal and CO{sub 2} capture. The results from a techno-economic study of a 528 MWe (gross) pulverized coal-fired, subcritical steam power plant revealed that the cost of CO{sub 2} avoidance with the IVCAP was about 30% lower than conventional MEA-based processes. The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the IVCAP ranged from $40 to 46/MWh, an increase of 60 to 70% compared to a reference power plant without CO{sub 2} capture. The overall conclusion of this study is that the IVCAP is a technically feasible and economically more attractive process than available MEA-based processes. A scale-up study using the slipstream of an actual coal-derived flue gas and development of a more stable CA enzyme are recommended for future studies.
Oligonucleotide synthesis on maleic anhydride copolymers covalently bound to silica spherical support and characterization of the obtained conjugates (1998)

A new route was proposed to make polymer-oligonucleotide conjugates of potential applications in diagnostics. It consisted in direct synthesis of oligonucleotides onto controlled pore glass surface grafted with poly(maleic anhydride-alt-methyl vinyl ether) (P[MAMVE]) or poly(maleic anhydride-alt-ethylene) (P[MAE]). The anhydride moieties were used for both the covalent coupling of the copolymer via ester bond and binding of 5′-dimethoxytrityl thymidine 3′-(6-aminohexyl phosphate) (I) initiator of oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) synthesis via amide bond. The difference of stability between ester and amide links under basic treatment was used for the selective cleavage of (polymer-oligonucleotide) conjugates after DNA synthesis completion. We succeeded in grafting functionalized copolymer onto silica surface and Polythymidine 26-mer ODN was performed. After concentrated ammonium hydroxide treatment, conjugate crude materials were characterized by size exclusion chromatography coupled to multiangle laser light scattering detection. The number average molecular weight (Mn) for conjugate with P[MAMVE] was abnormally lower than expected and was assigned to polymer degradation using high pH conditions. Such a phenomenon did not occur with P[MAE]-polythymidine conjugate. However, in both cases, parasite ODN synthesis was also evidenced, which was attributed to thymidine phosphoramidite adsorption side reaction during DNA synthesis. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 2487–2497, 1998
Scent of roses–recent results (1992)

Abstract The volatiles of four roses with different fragrance types were sampled by dynamic headspace and analysed by GC and GC‐MS. The composition of the headspace of the modern English rose ‘Othello’ is comparable to that of rose oil obtained from Rosa damascena Mill. In contrast ‘Duchesse de Montebello’ ( Rosa alba type) contains high concentrations of β‐phenylethyl alcohol and β‐phenylethyl acetate. ‘Lichtkönigin Lucia’, a modern hybrid rose, is characterized by considerable amounts of green notes. The Floribunda grandiflora rose ‘Queen Elizabeth’ shows a completely different pattern with 3,5‐dimethoxytoluene, the theaspiranes and ionone derivatives as the main components.
2-D optical communications using WDM technologies for simultaneous and reconfigurable interconnections among many planes (2002)

Presents the basic concepts of the WDM 2-D interconnection in which, for simplicity only the first of M planes is transmitting and the rest are receiving. The transmitting plane is composed of an NXN pixel array with each transmitting pixel containing a miniature multiple-wavelength VCSEL laser diode array. Each laser in a pixel emits light at a different wavelength with all wavelengths being equally spaced apart. This WDM pixel is identically repeated for the entire NXN plane array.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Application of the Contribution Analysis of the Vibration Source using Partial Coherence (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Operator comfort is an important design criteria for hydraulic excavators during working and idling conditions. An engine, a cooling fan motor and a pump are installed on a hydraulic excavator. It is hard to identify the vibration contribution to a response because three sources are synchronizingly working. This paper describes the use of partial coherence measurement techniques for source identification. And it is examined to reduce the vibration of the source component identified by the partial coherence results. Finally, it is verified that the response acceleration is effectively decreased by reducing the vibration of the identified component.&lt;/div&gt;
An Iterative Information‐Theoretic Approach to the Detection of Structures in Complex Systems (2018)

Systems that exhibit complex behaviours often contain inherent dynamical structures which evolve over time in a coordinated way. In this paper, we present a methodology based on the Relevance Index method aimed at revealing the dynamical structures hidden in complex systems. The method iterates two basic steps: detection of relevant variable sets based on the computation of the Relevance Index, and application of a sieving algorithm, which refines the results. This approach is able to highlight the organization of a complex system into sets of variables, which interact with one another at different hierarchical levels, detected, in turn, in the different iterations of the sieve. The method can be applied directly to systems composed of a small number of variables, whereas it requires the help of a custom metaheuristic in case of systems with larger dimensions. We have evaluated the potential of the method by applying it to three case studies: synthetic data generated by a nonlinear stochastic dynamical system, a small‐sized and well‐known system modelling a catalytic reaction, and a larger one, which describes the interactions within a social community, that requires the use of the metaheuristic. The experiments we made to validate the method produced interesting results, effectively uncovering hidden details of the systems to which it was applied.
Ultrafast Dynamics of Nile Red Interacting with Metal Doped Mesoporous Materials (2015)

We report on ultrafast studies of Nile Red (NR) interacting with MCM41 mesoporous materials doped by Al, Ga, Zr, and Ti in dichloromethane suspensions. The steady-state results showed a significant red shift and broadening of the diffuse transmittance and the emission spectra upon interaction with the MCM41-based materials. These findings are explained in terms of H-bonds with the host, different Brønsted/Lewis interactions with the matrix and formation of H- and J-aggregates, in addition to weakly and strongly adsorbed monomers. The pico- to nanosecond time-resolved data support this explanation, showing a significant shortening in the emission lifetimes where NR is interacting with metal-doped MCM41. The femtosecond dynamics of NR loaded into X-MCM41 (X = Si, Al, Ga) indicate that the charge-separated state (CS) is formed at the S1 state in ∼350 fs. For Zr- and Ti- MCM41 hosts the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) occurs in less than 200 fs, and a subsequent electron injection to Ti or Zr trap states happens in ∼250 fs. Our studies reveal a strong interaction between the NR species and the framework of MCM41 materials at both the S0 and S1 states.
108. ARTHROSCOPIC REMPLISSAGE OF HILL-SACHS DEFECTS: AN ARTHROCT STUDY OF CAPSULE AND TENDON HEALING WITHIN THE BONY DEFECT (2011)

Purpose of the study: Posterior fracture-impaction of the humeral head (Hill-Sachs defect or Malgainge notch) is a well-known factor of failure for arthroscopic shoulder stabilisation procedures. Recently, Wolf proposed arthroscopic posterior capsulodesis and tenodesis of the infraspinatus, or what we call in French Hill-Sachs Remplissage (filling). We hypothesised that capsule and tendon healing within the bony defect could explain the efficacy of this arthroscopic technique. Material and methods: Prospective clinical study of a continuous series. Inclusion criteria: recurrent anterior instability (dislocation or subluxation); isolated “engaged” humeral defect; Bankart arthroscopy and Hill-Sachs remplissage; arthroCT or MRI at least 6 months after surgery. Exclusion criteria: associated bone loss in the glenoid; associated rotator cuff tear. Twenty shoulders (20 patients) met the inclusion and exclusion criteria and underwent Hill-Sachs remplissage. Four orthopaedic surgeons evaluated independently the soft tissue healing in the humeral defect. Mann-Whitney analysis was used to search for a link between rate of healing and clinical outcome. Results: Filling of the humeral defect reached 75 to 100% in 16 patients (80%°; it was 50–75% in 4 patients. Healing was never noted less than 50%. The short-term clinical outcome (mean follow-up 11.4 months, range 6–32) showed an excellent results as assessed by the Constant score (mean 92±8.9 points) and the Walch-Duplay score (91 points). The subjective shoulder value (SSV) was 50% preoperatively and 89% at last follow-up. There were no cases of recurrent instability. This study was unable to establish a relationship between minor healing and less favourable clinical outcome. Discussion: This study confirmed our hypothesis that arthroscopic Hill-Sachs remplissage provides a high rate of significant healing in a majority of patients. Capsule and tendon healing in the humeral defect yields significant shoulder stability via at least two mechanisms: prevention of defect engagement on the anterior border of the glenoid and posterior force via improved muscle and tendon balance in the horizontal plane. Further mid- and long-term results will be needed to establish a confirmed correlation between healing and clinical outcome.
Copolymer‐Templated Nickel Oxide for High‐Efficiency Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells in Inverted Architecture (2021)

Abstract Despite the outstanding role of mesoscopic structures on the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the regular (n–i–p) architecture, mesoscopic PSCs in inverted (p–i–n) architecture have rarely been reported. Herein, an efficient and stable mesoscopic NiO x (mp‐NiO x ) scaffold formed via a simple and low‐cost triblock copolymer template‐assisted strategy is employed, and this mp‐NiO x film is utilized as a hole transport layer (HTL) in PSCs, for the first time. Promisingly, this approach allows the fabrication of homogenous, crack‐free, and robust 150 nm thick mp‐NiO x HTLs through a facile chemical approach. Such a high‐quality templated mp‐NiO x structure promotes the growth of the perovskite film yielding better surface coverage and enlarged grains. These desired structural and morphological features effectively translate into improved charge extraction, accelerated charge transportation, and suppressed trap‐assisted recombination. Ultimately, a considerable efficiency of 20.2% is achieved with negligible hysteresis which is among the highest efficiencies for mp‐NiO x based inverted PSCs so far. Moreover, mesoscopic devices indicate higher long‐term stability under ambient conditions compared to planar devices. Overall, these results may set new benchmarks in terms of performance for mesoscopic inverted PSCs employing templated mp‐NiO x films as highly efficient, stable, and easy fabricated HTLs.
Microwave tomography for brain stroke imaging (2017)

This paper deals with microwave tomography for brain stroke imaging using state-of-the-art numerical modeling and massively parallel computing. Iterative microwave tomographic imaging requires the solution of an inverse problem based on a minimization algorithm (e.g. gradient or Newton-like methods) with successive solutions of a direct problem. The solution direct requests an accurate modeling of the whole-microwave measurement system as well as the as the whole-head. Moreover, as the system will be used for detecting brain strokes (ischemic or hemorrhagic) and for monitoring during the treatment, running times for the reconstructions should be fast. The method used is based on high-order finite elements, parallel preconditioners with the Domain Decomposition method and Domain Specific Language with open source FreeFEM++ solver.
Gaussian mixture model for video compressive sensing (2013)

A Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM)-based algorithm is proposed for video reconstruction from temporal compressed measurements. The GMM is used to model spatio-temporal video patches, and the reconstruction can be efficiently computed based on analytic expressions. The developed GMM reconstruction method benefits from online adaptive learning and parallel computation. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed GMM with videos reconstructed from simulated compressive video measurements and from a real compressive video camera.
Grain Refinement of Commercial Al-Mg Alloy Using Severe Torsion Straining Process (2006)

Severe plastic deformation (SPD) makes it possible to refine grain size in many metallic materials. Recently, we have developed a new SPD process designated the severe torsion straining process (STSP). This process requires no die but one side of a rod is rotated with respect to the other while producing a local heated zone in the rod and cooling both sides of the heated zone. Torsion strain is then introduced in the local heated zone. The STSP can be a continuous process because the rod is moved in the longitudinal direction while introducing torsion strain through the rotation. For grain refinement using the STSP, various factors may affect, which are the rotation speed, moving speed, straining temperature, cooling rate and diameter of the rod. In this study, the STSP is applied to grain refinement of an A5056 Al-Mg commercial alloy and the factors affecting the grain refinement are optimized. STSP was conducted at a temperature in the range from 573K to 723K. Microstructure was observed by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with an orientation imaging system, and transmission electron microscopy. Microscopy observations revealed that the grain size was reduced to ~0.9 μm, when STSP was conducted at 573K with a rotation speed of 10 rpm and moving speed of 50 mm/min. There is a critical ratio of rotation speed to moving speed above which the rod breaks. The grain size tends to be finer as the straining temperature is lower, the cooling rate is faster and the ratio of rotation speed to moving speed is closer to the critical value.
Pooled image-base screening of mitochondria with microraft isolation distinguishes pathogenic mitofusin 2 mutations (2022)

Most human genetic variation is classified as variants of uncertain significance. While advances in genome editing have allowed innovation in pooled screening platforms, many screens deal with relatively simple readouts (viability, fluorescence) and cannot identify the complex cellular phenotypes that underlie most human diseases. In this paper, we present a generalizable functional genomics platform that combines high-content imaging, machine learning, and microraft isolation in a method termed "Raft-Seq". We highlight the efficacy of our platform by showing its ability to distinguish pathogenic point mutations of the mitochondrial regulator Mitofusin 2, even when the cellular phenotype is subtle. We also show that our platform achieves its efficacy using multiple cellular features, which can be configured on-the-fly. Raft-Seq enables a way to perform pooled screening on sets of mutations in biologically relevant cells, with the ability to physically capture any cell with a perturbed phenotype and expand it clonally, directly from the primary screen.
Electrochemistry of Lithium Carbide (1981)

EMF measurements and cyclic voltammetry in molten-halide solutions of lithium carbide are reported. The results suggest that the potential of a carbon electrode in such melts, although fairly stable, is a mixed potential and results from carbide ion discharge as well as lithium underpotential deposition in carbon.
Design of novel mechanical coupling for contour mode piezoelectric RF MEMS filters (2006)

Two novel mechanical coupling methods for synthesizing highly-integrated contour mode piezoelectric aluminum nitride (AlN) filters are introduced. While the underlying resonator technology remains the most viable candidate for realizing arrays of post-CMOS compatible filters at arbitrary frequencies with on-chip matching to 50 Ω, previously demonstrated mechanical coupling topologies do not scale well beyond 100 MHz. The current work focuses on design and fabrication techniques intended to extend the numerous inherent advantages of the AlN contour mode resonator technology to filters that are capable of higher center frequencies. The first design involves a series of alternating high and low acoustic impedance quarter wavelength sections that regulate the strength of the elastic coupling between resonators. The second approach relies on elastic coupling elements that are defined in the relatively compliant bottom metal electrode layer rather than the structural AlN film used by the actual resonators.