gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulated Molecular Wires: Dendritic Encapsulation of Poly(triacetylene) Oligomers, Attempted Dendritic Stabilization of Novel Poly(pentaacetylene) Oligomers, and an Organometallic Approach to Dendritic Rods (2001)

Multinanometer-long end-capped poly(triacetylene) (PTA) and poly(pentaacetylene) (PPA) oligomers with dendritic side chains were synthesized as insulated molecular wires. PTA Oligomers with laterally appended Fréchet-type dendrons of first to third generation were prepared by attaching the dendrons (8, 13, and 17, respectively, Scheme 1) to (E)-enediyne 18 by a Mitsunobu reaction and subsequent Glaser-Hay oligomerization under end-capping conditions (Scheme 2). Whereas first-generation oligomers up to the pentamer were isolated (1a – e), for reasons of steric overcrowding, only oligomers up to the trimer (2a – c) were formed at the second-generation level, and only the end-capped monomer and dimer (3a, b) were isolated at the third-generation level. By repetitive sequences of hydrosilylation (with the Karstedt catalyst), followed by allylation or vinylation, a series of carbosilane dendrons were also prepared (Schemes 3 and 4). Attachment of the second-generation wedge 40 to (E)-enediyne 18, followed by deprotection and subsequent end-capping Hay oligomerization, provided PTA oligomers 4a – d with lateral carbosilane dendrons (Scheme 5). UV/VIS Studies (Figs. 5 – 10) demonstrated that the insulating dendritic layers did not alter the electronic characteristics of the PTA backbone, even at the higher-generation levels. Despite distortion from planarity due to the bulky dendritic wedges, no loss of π-electron conjugation along the PTA backbone was detected. A surprising (E)→(Z) isomerization of the diethynylethene (DEE) core in the third generation derivative 3a was observed, possibly photosensitized by the bulky Fréchet-type dendritic wedge. Electrochemical investigations by steady-state voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry showed that the first reduction potential of the PTA oligomer with Fréchet-type dendrons is shifted to more negative values as the dendritic coverage increases. With compounds 5a – c, the first oligomers with a poly(pentaacetylene) backbone were obtained by oxidative Hay oligomerization under end-capping conditions (Scheme 6). The synthesis of dendritic PPA oligomers by oxidative coupling of (E)-enetetrayne 60 under end-capping conditions provided oligomers 61a – d, which were formed as mixtures of stereoisomers due to unexpected thermal (E)→(Z) isomerization (Scheme 8). In another novel approach towards dendritic encapsulation of molecular wires with a Pt-bridged tetraethynylethene (TEE) oligomeric backbone, the trans-dichloroplatinum(II) complex trans-67 with dendritic phosphane ligands (Fig. 14) was coupled under Hagihara conditions to mono-deprotected 69 under formation of the extended monomer 65 (Scheme 12). Again, an unexpected thermal (E)→(Z) isomerization, possibly induced by steric strain between TEE moieties and dendritic phosphane ligands in the unstable complex, led to the isolation of 65 as an isomeric mixture only.
Inhibition of NF-κB improves the stress resistance and myogenic differentiation of MDSPCs isolated from naturally aged mice (2017)

A decline in the regenerative capacity of adult stem cells with aging is well documented. As a result of this decline, the efficacy of autologous stem cell therapies is likely to decline with increasing donor age. In these cases, strategies to restore the function of aged stem cells would have clinical utility. Globally, the transcription factor NF-κB is up-regulated in aged tissues. Given the negative role that NF-κB plays in myogenesis, we investigated whether the age-related decline in the function of muscle-derived stem/progenitor cells (MDSPCs) could be improved by inhibition of NF-κB. Herein, we demonstrate that pharmacologic or genetic inhibition of NF-κB activation increases myogenic differentiation and improves resistance to oxidative stress. Our results suggest that MDSPC "aging" may be reversible, and that pharmacologic targeting of pathways such as NF-κB may enhance the efficacy of cell-based therapies.
New Prognostic Data on Rare Cytogenetic Abnormalities in MDS: A Collaborative Study of the International Working Group on MDS Cytogenetics (2008)

Abstract Introduction: Several recent publications have advanced our knowledge of the prognostic significance of clonal cytogenetic abnormalities in MDS, yet the genetic risk assessment of the rare karyotypic aberrations in MDS patients (pts) remains unknown. Using the German-Austrian (G-A) Cytogenetics Database, we previously defined 24 cytogenetic prognostic subgroups; however, 12 subgroups characterized by non-complex (isolated or one additional abnormality only) karyotypes with del(9q), del(15q), t(15q), del(12p), −X, t(1q), t(7q), t(17q), −21, t(11q23), +19, t(5q) were observed infrequently (&amp;lt;10 pts) and considered too few for an informative risk assessment. To increase the number of informative pts and expand/validate the statistical robustness of these rare cytogenetic subgroups, an international collaboration was initiated and promoted under the auspices of the MDS Foundation. Patients and Methods: A total of 90 new MDS pts with rare recurring abnormalities was collected from 12 MDS Foundation Centers of Excellence, of which 66 pts fulfilled the non-complex requirement. Survival was estimated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and restricted to pts treated by supportive care only. The final analysis included 108 pts: del(9q)(n=10); del(12p)=17; −X=10; t(1q)=13; t(7q)=14; −21=12; t(11q23)=12; +19=10; t(5q)=10. The frequency of non-complex del(15q), t(15q) and t(17q) remained below ten pts and deemed ineligible for further analysis at this time. Results: The pooled international data showed an excellent correlation with the G-A data set in 6 of 10 cytogenetic subgroups: t(7q): 34.7 months (mo.) median survival (G-A) vs. 34.7 mo. (new data), del(9q): not reached vs. 63.1 mo., t(11q23): 20.0 vs. 28.0 mo, del(12p): 108.0 mo. vs. not reached, +19: 19.8 vs. 21.7 mo., −21: 32.0 vs. 35.0 mo. A moderate correlation was found for t(1q): 34.7 mo. vs. not reached and for del(15q): not reached vs. 26.7 mo. Discordant median survival was observed for t(5q): 4.4 mo. vs. not reached and −X: 56.4 mo. vs. 15.7 mo. Conclusions: Through an international collaboration, we were able to define the prognostic impact of nine distinct yet infrequent, recurring cytogenetic aberrations observed in MDS pts. The discordant median survival differences observed in two subgroups may be attributed to various translocation partners and/or secondary abnormalities. Even though data collection remains ongoing, the current results expand and refine the cytogenetic prognostic classification system for pts suffering from MDS and underscore the need for standardized cytogenetic testing in MDS for further international collaborations.
A Laser Microprobe Mass Analysis of Brain Aluminum and Iron in Dementia pugilistica: Comparison with Alzheimer's Disease (1997)

We report a laser microprobe mass analysis of aluminum and iron content in the hippocampus and in the inferior temporal cortex in 2 cases of dementia pugilistica (DP), 4 cases of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and 3 controls. There was a predominant accumulation of Al and Fe within neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in both DP and AD cases. High levels of Al and Fe were also detected in the nuclei of NFT-free and NFT-containing neurons, as well as in neuropil probe sites in these cases. In both regions, NFT contained substantially higher levels of Al and Fe in DP compared to AD cases. These findings suggest the existence of an association between the deposition of Al and Fe and NFT formation, and support the possibility of a global dysregulation of Al and Fe transport in DP and AD.
PlaceRaider: Virtual Theft in Physical Spaces with Smartphones (2012)

As smartphones become more pervasive, they are increasingly targeted by malware. At the same time, each new generation of smartphone features increasingly powerful onboard sensor suites. A new strain of sensor malware has been developing that leverages these sensors to steal information from the physical environment (e.g., researchers have recently demonstrated how malware can listen for spoken credit card numbers through the microphone, or feel keystroke vibrations using the accelerometer). Yet the possibilities of what malware can see through a camera have been understudied. This paper introduces a novel visual malware called PlaceRaider, which allows remote attackers to engage in remote reconnaissance and what we call virtual theft. Through completely opportunistic use of the camera on the phone and other sensors, PlaceRaider constructs rich, three dimensional models of indoor environments. Remote burglars can thus download the physical space, study the environment carefully, and steal virtual objects from the environment (such as financial documents, information on computer monitors, and personally identifiable information). Through two human subject studies we demonstrate the effectiveness of using mobile devices as powerful surveillance and virtual theft platforms, and we suggest several possible defenses against visual malware.
Synthesis of Spirocyclopropanated Analogues of Iprodione (2005)

Abstract Methyl 1‐( tert ‐butoxycarbonylamino)cyclopropanecarboxylate ( 9 ) was converted into the spirocyclopropanated five‐membered ring analogue 7a of Iprodione ( 1 ) in five steps with an overall yield of 28 %. The spirocyclopropanated five‐membered ring analogue 8a was prepared from tert ‐butyl N ‐[1‐(hydroxymethyl)cyclopropyl]carbamate ( 10 ) in five steps with an overall yield of 19 %. En route to the spirocyclopropanated six‐membered ring analogues of Iprodione ( 1 ), the oxalic acid diamides 5b and 6b could be obtained starting from 9 or 10 in 33 or 19 % yield, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Removal of DNA from a Protein Solution with Cross‐Linked Poly(Ethyleneimine) Spherical Particles (2003)

Abstract To remove nucleic acids from a solution of a cell product used as a drug, water‐insoluble poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) spherical particles were prepared by suspension cross‐linking with PEI and chloromethyloxirane. The PEI content of the particles was easily adjusted by changing the PEI ratio and the CMO ratio in the cross‐linking. The cross‐linked PEI particles, which had diameters of 44 to 105 µm and PEI contents of 50 to 90 unit mol%, were used as adsorbents. The adsorption of DNA and cell products to the adsorbents was determined using a batchwise method. The larger the PEI content of the adsorbent, the larger the DNA‐adsorbing activity of the adsorbent. The apparent dissociation constant between the DNA (purified DNA from salmon spermary) and the adsorbent, decreased from 8.5 × 10−8 to 9.5 × 10−10 M with an increase in PEI ratio from 50 to 90 unit mol% under physiological conditions (ionic strength (μ) = 0.17, pH 7.2). On the other hand, the adsorbing activity of bovine serum albumin also increased with increasing PEI ratio of the adsorbent from 70 unit mol% or higher, but sharply decreased with increasing of the buffer. The adsorbing activity of γ‐globulin increased with decreasing PEI ratio to 70 unit mol% or lower. As a result, when the cross‐linked PEI particles, having a PEI ratio of 80 unit mol%, were used as the adsorbent, they only selectively removed DNA from various protein solutions at an μ = 0.17 and a pH of 7.2. The particles decreased the concentration of DNA in each protein solution to less than 10 ng mL−1, and the recovery rate of protein was more 97% in all cases.
A Small-Molecule Pan-Id Antagonist Inhibits Pathologic Ocular Neovascularization (2019)

Id helix-loop-helix (HLH) proteins (Id1-4) bind E protein bHLH transcription factors, preventing them from forming active transcription complexes that drive changes in cell states. Id proteins are primarily expressed during development to inhibit differentiation, but they become re-expressed in adult tissues in diseases of the vasculature and cancer. We show that the genetic loss of Id1/Id3 reduces ocular neovascularization in mouse models of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). An in silico screen identifies AGX51, a small-molecule Id antagonist. AGX51 inhibits the Id1-E47 interaction, leading to ubiquitin-mediated degradation of Ids, cell growth arrest, and reduced viability. AGX51 is well-tolerated in mice and phenocopies the genetic loss of Id expression in AMD and ROP models by inhibiting retinal neovascularization. Thus, AGX51 is a first-in-class compound that antagonizes an interaction formerly considered undruggable and that may have utility in the management of multiple diseases.
Iterative generation of holograms on spatial light modulators (1990)

Iterative learning procedures on a hybrid electro-optic system can be employed to generate holograms on inexpensive liquid-crystal-television spatial light modulators. The algorithm takes into account random electronic noise in the system and compensates for spatial-light-modulator distortions. Experimental results are given for the reconstruction of intensity distribution, and computer complex amplitude reconstruction.
Twin SONOS Memory With 30-nm Storage Nodes Under a Merged Gate Fabricated With Inverted Sidewall and Damascene Process (2004)

By manipulating the charge profile through the inverted sidewall patterning on the channel, stable 2-bit operation in silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) Flash memory with sub-90-nm gate length can be achieved. The fabricated memory cell has about 30-nm twin Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon physically separated by the inverted sidewall patterning method under the same control gate based on damascene gate process. Comparing with a conventional single SONOS memory (SSM), this novel twin SONOS memory cell can maintain the better control of trapped charge distribution due to the strong diffusion barrier of charges. As a result, better endurance, retention, and erase speed than SSM can be obtained in the short (sub-100-nm) gate length devices.
Grid integration aspects of large solar PV installations: LVRT capability and reactive power/voltage support requirements (2011)

The current work focuses on two specific issues concerning grid-connected solar PV units, i.e. the fault ride-through capability, also called low voltage ride-through capability, and the voltage support function through reactive power injection during faults. With the first one the PV unit can actually provide some limited grid support, whereas with a defined reactive power characteristic it can give a complete dynamic grid support. These two requirements, already known for wind power generation but new for the PV, have been recently introduced in the German technical guidelines for connection to the MV grid. Scope of the paper is to implement these requirements in a large solar PV plant, modeled in DIgSILENT PowerFactory, in order to understand its operation, and to evaluate its behavior and impact on the grid, in terms of stability and voltage support during grid fault.
Multichannel ultrawide-band WDM networks and their supporting technologies (2000)

This paper describes the evolution of future WDM networks that use multi-wavelengths to realize several network functions.
together with the implications of technology enhancements.
REMOVAL OF UROLUME ENDOPROSTHESIS: EXPERIENCE OF THE NORTH AMERICAN STUDY GROUP FOR DETRUSOR-SPHINCTER DYSSYNERGIA APPLICATION (2000)

While there is a potential for urethral injury and bleeding, UroLume endoprosthesis removal is largely a simple procedure with minimal complications and consequences.
Nonlinear wave-mixing processes in the extreme ultraviolet (2005)

We present data from two-color high-order harmonic generation in a hollow waveguide, that suggest the presence of a nonlinear-optical frequency conversion process driven by extreme ultraviolet light. By combining the fundamental and second harmonic of an $800\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ laser in a hollow-core fiber, with varying relative polarizations, and by observing the pressure and power scaling of the various harmonic orders, we show that the data are consistent with a picture where we drive the process of high-harmonic generation, which in turn drives four-wave frequency mixing processes in the extreme EUV. This work promises a method for extending nonlinear optics into the extreme ultraviolet region of the spectrum using an approach that has not previously been considered, and has compelling implications for generating tunable light at short wavelengths.
Convergence of apical and basolateral endocytic pathways for beta 2-microglobulin in LLC-PK1 cells (1995)

Polarized epithelial cells internalize molecules from both apical and basolateral (BL) plasma membrane (PM) domains via receptor-mediated endocytosis. In the kidney, low-molecular-weight proteins (LMWP) are internalized across the apical membrane of proximal tubule cells and degraded in lysosomes. Although indirect evidence suggests some uptake may occur at the BL surface, in vivo studies performed in rats suggest little if any LMWP uptake occurs at the BL surface. The studies presented here showed that native human beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2M) was internalized across the apical surface and followed the same intracellular pathway in the proximal tubule-derived cell line LLC-PK1 as that described in vivo. Either 125I- or gold-labeled beta 2M (125I-beta 2M and gold-beta 2M) bound specifically and reversibly to the apical surface of confluent LLC-PK1 cells. These results were qualitatively similar to previously documented in vivo results. Subsequently, using gold-beta 2M and LLC-PK1 cells grown on porous supports, we showed that a functional uptake system for the LMWP beta 2M was present at the BL surface. Finally, using different-size gold particles conjugated to beta 2M applied simultaneously to the apical and BL surfaces, we observed that apical and BL endocytic routes converged in multivesicular acid phosphatase-negative endosomal structures. Taken together, these data imply that beta 2M can be internalized across both apical and BL domains and that the two pathways converge at a multivesicular level within the endosomal pathway.
Predicting the Relative Stabilities of Multiparticle Hydrogen-Bonded Aggregates Based on the Number of Hydrogen Bonds and the Number of Particles and Measuring These Stabilities with Titrations Using Dimethyl Sulfoxide (1996)

This paper describes an experimental method for determining the relative stabilities of hydrogen-bonded aggregates in terms of the mole fraction of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in chloroform solution, χDMSO, required to cause their dissociation. It also describes three indicesITm, IG, and IG/(N−1)that estimate the relative stabilities of hydrogen-bonded aggregates. Each of these indices depend on two variables: HB and N. HB is the number of hydrogen bonds holding the aggregate together; N is the number of particles in the aggregate. The melting-point index, ITm = HB/(N−1), corresponds conceptually to a “melting point” for the aggregate, that is, a temperature at which it would dissociate into separate particles. This index is the most useful of the three for “rule of thumb” estimation of relative stability if assembly occurs cooperatively. The free energy index, IG = 2.8HB − 16(N−1), corresponds to a free energy of assembly, ΔG, with units kcal/mol. The index IG/(N−1) = 2.8HB/(N−1) − 16 corresponds conceptually to a free energy of association per particle, ΔG/(N−1). This third index is most useful if assembly occurs noncooperatively.
Determination of the Leaching Dynamics of Metals from Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator Fly Ash Using a Column Test (1996)

The objective of this work was to study the dynamic leaching behavior of thirty-three elements in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash using a column test employing double deionized water. Nearly all of the elements initially present in the leachate were found to leach quickly and then decrease to near constant concentrations after five pore volumes of water passed through the column. Of the eight elements subject to toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) investigations, all except lead were found in concentrations below regulatory limits. After three pore volumes of water passed through the column, leachate lead concentrations were found to have diminished to TCLP permissible levels. Concerning Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Title D regulations pertaining to permissible landfill leachate production, lead concentrations were still found at levels above allowable limits after as many as 40 pore volumes of leachate production.
Oxytocin and Interferon-Tau Regulation of Prostaglandin Transporter (PGT) and Multidrug Resistant Associated Protein 4 (MRP4) in the Bovine Endometrium. (2009)

Prostaglandins (PG) are involved in many female reproductive processes and are regulated at the levels of biosynthesis, secretion and catabolism. Transmembrane transport of PGs is also an important site of regulation and we have shown the requirement of PG transporter (PGT/SLCO21) for functional luteolysis in the bovine. A comprehensive screening of the endometrial expression of different PGTs indicated that MRP4/ABCC4 of ATP Binding Cassette (ABC) family was regulated during the bovine estrous cycle apart from the previously studied PGT/SLCO21 of Solute Carrier Organic Anion family. Accordingly, we have confirmed the expression of these carriers in our recently developed endometrial epithelial and stromal cell lines bEEL and CSC. Using these models, we have studied the effect of oxytocin (OT) and/or interferon tau (IFNt) and phorbol myristoyl acetate (PMA) on the regulation of PGT and MRP4 in relation with PGs production. Downregulation of MRP4 expression using siRNA induced a significant increase of PGF2α accumulation relative to PGE2 in the culture medium of CSC. Treatment of bEEL cells with OT stimulated COX2 expression and PGF2αproduction. These responses correlated well with upregulation of MRP4/ABCC4 but not PGT/SLCO2A1. In contrast, IFNt at a concentration that stimulated COX-2 without a corresponding increase in PG accumulation stimulated the expression of PGT/SLCO2A1 but not that of MRP4/ABCC4. Inhibition of OT induced PG production by the COX2 inhibitior NS-398 did not affect the induction of ABCC2 or COX2 expression in bEEL cells. Since OT at the origin of luteolytic PGF2α regulates MRP4 and IFNt, the embryonic antiluteolytic signal, regulates PGT, it is possible that these modulators are involved in selective or preferential transport of terminal PGs like PGE2 and PGF2α. (poster)
Applying a Web-Service-Based Model to Dynamic Service-Deployment (2006)

Owing to the increase in both heterogeneity and complexity in today's networking systems, the need arises for an architecture for network-based services that provides flexibility and efficiency in the definition, deployment and execution of the services and, at the same time, takes care of the adaptability and evolution of such services. In this paper we present an approach that applies a component model to GT4, a Web-service-based grid environment, that enables the provision of parallel applications as QoS-aware (grid) services, whose performance characteristics may be dynamically negotiated between a client application and service providers. Our component model allows context dependencies to be explicitly expressed and dynamically managed with respect to the hosting environment, computational resources, and dependencies on other components. Our work can be seen as a first step towards a component-based programming model for service-oriented infrastructures utilizing standard Web-service technologies
Supplementary Figure Legends from Milatuzumab–SN-38 Conjugates for the Treatment of CD74<sup>+</sup> Cancers (2023)

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