gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-performance magnetic field and quasi-current sensors (1996)

Summary form only given. Magnetic field sensors have been constructed from two pieces of polarizing optical fiber fusion spliced to a single piece of low birefringence optical fiber. This configuration was mounted on a quartz bar for good geometric stability. A 780-nm laser diode pigtailed with polarizing fiber is used as the optical source for the sensor and light at the output is detected with a standard silicon detector. This device has been tested as a magnetic field sensor by placing it within a solenoid.
Clustering execution in a processing system to increase power savings (2023)

Embodiments relate to clustering execution in a processing system. An aspect includes accessing a control flow graph that defines a data dependency and an execution sequence of a plurality of tasks of an application that executes on a plurality of system components. The execution sequence of the tasks in the control flow graph is modified as a clustered control flow graph that clusters active and idle phases of a system component while maintaining the data dependency. The clustered control flow graph is sent to an operating system, where the operating system utilizes the clustered control flow graph for scheduling the tasks.
Difficulty of predicting interconnect delay in a timing driven FPGA CAD flow (2006)

This paper studies the difficulty of predicting interconnect delay in an industrial setting. Fifty industrial circuits, Altera's Quartus II CAD software, and Altera's Stratix and Stratix II FPGA architectures were used in the study. We show that there is a large amount of inherent randomness in a state-of-the-art FPGA placement algorithm. Thus, it is impossible to predict interconnect delay with a high degree of accuracy. Futhermore, we show that a simple timing model can be used to predict some aspects of interconnect timing with just as much accuracy as predictions obtained by running the placement tool itself. Finally, we examine the benefits of using the simple timing model in a timing driven physical synthesis flow, and attempt to establish an upper bound on these possible gains, given the difficulty of interconnect delay prediction.
A Unified Continuous Flow Assembly‐Line Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyrazoles and Pyrazolines (2017)

A rapid and modular continuous flow synthesis of highly functionalized fluorinated pyrazoles and pyrazolines has been developed. Flowing fluorinated amines through sequential reactor coils mediates diazoalkane formation and [3+2] cycloaddition to generate more than 30 azoles in a telescoped fashion. Pyrazole cores are then sequentially modified through additional reactor modules performing N-alkylation and arylation, deprotection, and amidation to install broad molecular diversity in short order. Continuous flow synthesis enables the safe handling of diazoalkanes at elevated temperatures, and the use of aryl alkyne dipolarphiles under catalyst-free conditions. This assembly-line synthesis provides a flexible approach for the synthesis of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, as demonstrated by a four-step, telescoped synthesis of measles therapeutic, AS-136A, in a total residence time of 31.7 min (1.76 g h<sup>-1</sup> ).
Selective adenosine A2A receptor agonist, ATL‐146e, attenuates stress‐induced gastric lesions in rats (2005)

A specific adenosine A(2A) agonist inhibits stress-induced gastric inflammation and damage. A(2A) agonist compounds may be useful for preventing ulcers and appear to act by blocking gastric inflammation.
A First-Principles Investigation of Gas-Phase Ring-Opening Reaction of Furan over HZSM-5 and Ga-Substituted ZSM-5 (2019)

The furan ring-opening reaction using three catalytic models, HZSM-5, the extra-framework sites [GaO]/ZSM-5, and [Ga(OH)2]/ZSM-5, was investigated using periodic density functional theory as a model reaction for mechanistic understanding of catalytic vapor phase biomass upgrading. The formation of formyl allene from the furan was investigated in detail by computing the energy profiles and reaction barriers. Based on the computed free energy profiles, the HZSM-5 and [Ga(OH)2]/ZSM-5 are active catalysts, whereas [GaO]/ZSM-5 is not active for the furan ring-opening reaction. In HZSM-5, the likely rate-controlling step is furan CH2–O bond cleavage upon protonation (1.70 eV). The computed energy difference between the highest and lowest points in the free energy profile is 1.89 eV. The [Ga(OH)2]+ is likely the catalytic center for the gallium-incorporated ZSM-5 catalyst. The rate-controlling step is a hydrogen transfer reaction, which requires a reaction barrier of 2.48 eV. The computed energy difference between the highest and lowest points in the Ga(OH)2 catalyzed free energy profile is 2.61 eV. These computational studies provide new mechanistic understanding of the role of catalytic extra-framework sites in the vapor phase upgrading reactions.
Simple microflight mechanism on silicon wafer (2002)

Flying is an advantageous method of mobility for a microscale machine due to the scale effect. Insects have evolved through natural selection, so they have fascinating structures and functions which are good models for a micromachine, especially in regard to microflight. A flying micromechanism is discussed, including its structure, actuators, power supply, and dynamics. One such 3D flying mechanism microstructure has been made.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor 4 targets MDM2 to deregulate the p53 tumor suppressor pathway. (2009)

Read the full review for this Faculty Opinions recommended article: Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus viral interferon regulatory factor 4 targets MDM2 to deregulate the p53 tumor suppressor pathway.
Novel vaccination approaches to prevent tuberculosis in children (2016)

Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is an underappreciated problem and accounts for 10 % of all TB deaths worldwide. Children are highly susceptible to infection with <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> and interrupting TB spread would require the development of effective strategies to control TB transmission in pediatric populations. The current vaccine for TB, <i>M. bovis</i> Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), can afford some level of protection against TB meningitis and severe forms of disseminated TB in children; however, its efficacy against pulmonary TB is variable and the vaccine does not afford life-long protective immunity. For these reasons there is considerable interest in the development of new vaccines to control TB in children. Multiple vaccine strategies are being assessed and include recombinant forms of the existing BCG vaccine, protein or viral candidates designed to boost BCG-induced immunity, or live attenuated forms of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. A number of these candidates have entered clinical trials; however, no vaccine has shown improved protective efficacy compared to BCG in humans. The current challenge is to identify the most suitable candidates to progress from early to late stage clinical trials, in order to deliver a vaccine that can control and hopefully eliminate the global threat of TB.
Storage Architectures for Digital Imagery (2001)

Emerging multimedia applications differ from conventional distributed applications in the type of data they store, transmit, and process, and also in the requirements they impose on the networks and operating systems. In this chapter, the focus is on the problem of designing storage servers that can meet the requirements of these emerging applications. The techniques for designing a storage server for digital imagery and video streams are described and then the architectural issues in incorporating these techniques into a general-purpose file system are examined. The chapter concludes by noting that a quality-of-service (QoS) aware file system is just one piece of the end-to-end infrastructure required to support emerging distributed applications.
Effect of Adhesives on the Mechanical Behavior of Thick Composite Joints (2011)

In this paper, experimental and numerical methods are used to study the deformation and interfacial failure behavior of an adhesively-bonded thick joint made of multi-layer S2 glass/SC-15 epoxy resin composite material. The adhesive material is 3M Scotch-Weld Epoxy Adhesive DP405 Black. Continuum damage mechanics models are used to describe the damage initiation at or near the interface and final failure process. The effect of adhesive overlap length, thickness and plasticity on the interfacial shear stress and normal stress are studied. Experimental and analytical data are used to validate the proposed damage models.
Structure and Diffusion of Asymmetric Diblock Copolymers in Thin Films:  A Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Study (1998)

The morphology and self-diffusion in thin films of asymmetric polystyrene-b-2-vinylpyridine (PS−PVP) diblock copolymers were investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). An oscillatory depth profile of the PVP volume fraction is observed, implying a periodic arrangement of layers of PVP spherical domains organized parallel to the silicon substrate that persisted for films as thick as at least 200 nm (6 layers). The period of the PVP volume fraction oscillation is reasonably close to the (110) spacing of the body centered cubic (bcc) spherical domain structure in the bulk observed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Into such films the (self) diffusion of a deuterium-labeled asymmetric diblock copolymer was followed by measuring the SIMS depth profile of 2H(dPS−PVP). The resolution of SIMS is sufficient that the microscopic diffusion involving hopping of dPS−PVP from layer to layer in the microdomain structure can be seen. A very thin 20 nm layer of dPS−PVP was placed on a well-ordered PS−PVP film substrate and heated rapidly to the diffusion temperature. The dPS−PVP molecules diffuse rapidly into the first layer of the PS−PVP, but diffusion into the deeper layers of the PS−PVP is much slower. By measuring the 2H depth profiles, we could determine the dPS−PVP content of each PS−PVP layer and thus a hopping frequency between layers. This hopping frequency could be converted into a diffusion coefficient which compares well to that determined from measurements of diffusion over much longer length scales.
TP53 sequence analysis revealed distinct characteristics of p53 signatures in RRSO samples (2021)

Contents patients (55.8%) had presented anemia of grade 1-2 and 18 patients (34.6%) had experienced anemia of grade 3-4, which seemed higher than the previous reports. Five patients received blood transfusions. As for non-hematological toxicity, nausea (25 patients, 48.1%), fatigue (20 patients, 38.4%) and blood creatinine increased (27 patients, 51.9%) were observed frequently (any grade). The incidence of blood creatinine increased also seemed higher than the previous studies. One patient discontinued olaparib due to prolonged renal dysfunction. In total, 22 patients (42.3%) required dose interruption, and 11 patients (21.2%) required dose reduction. No patient had suffered from acute myeloid leukemia or myelodysplastic syndromes. Conclusion: Olaparib maintenance monotherapy was tolerable also for Japanese population, although the toxicity profile might be a bit different from the previous reports (SOLO2, Study 19).
EUAdb: A resource for COVID-19 test development and comparison (2021)

Due to the sheer number of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) cases there is a need for increased world-wide SARS-CoV-2 testing capability that is both efficient and effective. Having open and easy access to detailed information about these tests, their sensitivity, the types of samples they use, etc. would be highly useful to ensure their reproducibility, to help clients compare and decide which tests would be best suited for their applications, and to avoid costs of reinventing similar or identical tests. Additionally, this resource would provide a means of comparing the many innovative diagnostic tools that are currently being developed in order to provide a foundation of technologies and methods for the rapid development and deployment of tests for future emerging diseases. Such a resource might thus help to avert the delays in testing and screening that was observed in the early stages of the pandemic and plausibly led to more COVID-19-related deaths than necessary. We aim to address these needs via a relational database containing standardized ontology and curated data about COVID-19 diagnostic tests that have been granted Emergency Use Authorizations (EUAs) by the FDA (US Food and Drug Administration). Simple queries of this actively growing database demonstrate considerable variation among these tests with respect to sensitivity (limits of detection, LoD), controls and targets used, criteria used for calling results, sample types, reagents and instruments, and quality and amount of information provided.
Toxicity profile of the new compound XC221GI from pre-clinical studies (2022)

The major feature of COVID-19 is intensive virus-induced inflammation in vital body organs and spatiotemporal dysregulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines synthesis. All this leads to unpredicted clinical progression and high risk of "cytokine storm" development. The "cytokine storm" is the pathogenetic basis for further development of life-threatening complications. Thus, there is a huge need to select effective and safe approaches that allow to control virus-induced inflammation as a part of preventive anti-inflammatory therapy. This article presents toxicological characteristics of the original low-molecular compound XC221GI (1-[2-(1-methylimidazole-4-yl)-ethyl]perhydroazin-2,6-dione) from pre-clinical studies. The obtained results demonstrate that the XC221GI does not have any toxic effect in repeated long-term administration. The compound was well tolerated by all animals. The no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) was 30 mg/kg per day for dogs and 450 mg/kg per day for rats. There were no effects of XC221GI on blood count, hematopoiesis and hemostasis. As well as no cytotoxic, mutagenic, genotoxic, carcinogenic properties or anaphylactogenic and immunotoxic activity were revealed for XC221GI. All known data enable to classify XC221GI as a low toxic compound and consider its safety profile as reasonably favorable.
Compression Properties of Al/Al&ndash;Si&ndash;Cu Alloy Functionally Graded Aluminum Foam Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing Route (2013)

Functionally graded (FG) aluminum foam containing A1050 pure aluminum and ADC12 aluminum alloy was fabricated. The FG foam has the potential for its location of deformation to be controlled. Moreover, a FG foam with plateau regions and stresses corresponding to those of the uniform A1050 and ADC12 foams was obtained.
Strong consistency is not hard to get (2019)

Concurrency control is a cornerstone of distributed database engines and storage systems. In pursuit of scalability, a common assumption is that Two-Phase Locking (2PL) and Two-Phase Commit (2PC) are not viable solutions due to their communication overhead. Recent results, however, have hinted that 2PL and 2PC might not have such a bad performance. Nevertheless, there has been no attempt to actually measure how a state-of-the-art implementation of 2PL and 2PC would perform on modern hardware. The goal of this paper is to establish a baseline for concurrency control mechanisms on thousands of cores connected through a low-latency network. We develop a distributed lock table supporting all the standard locking modes used in database engines. We focus on strong consistency in the form of strict serializability implemented through strict 2PL, but also explore read-committed and repeatable-read, two common isolation levels used in many systems. We do not leverage any known optimizations in the locking or commit parts of the protocols. The surprising result is that, for TPC-C, 2PL and 2PC can be made to scale to thousands of cores and hundreds of machines, reaching a throughput of over 21 million transactions per second with 9.5 million New Order operations per second. Since most existing relational database engines use some form of locking for implementing concurrency control, our findings provide a path for such systems to scale without having to significantly redesign transaction management. To achieve these results, our implementation relies on Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA). Today, this technology is commonly available on both Infiniband as well as Ethernet networks, making the results valid across a wide range of systems and platforms, including database appliances, data centers, and cloud environments.
Doping ZnSe far from equilibrium (2002)

A crystal growth technique is presented which allows doping and compensation mechanisms in ZnSe to be probed. With this technique, neutron transmutation doping can be employed to incorporate dopants in the bulk crystal after growth is complete. Dopant incorporation here is far from equilibrium and may indeed represent the furthest limit from thermodynamic equilibrium possible in ZnSe. In this closed-tube technique, homoepitaxial layers of ZnSe are deposited by physical vapor transport from elemental zinc and selenium. Photoluminescence and X-ray diffraction are employed to characterize the layers. The layers have X-ray diffraction rocking curves with a full width at half minimum of less than 25 asec, and they display a photoluminescence spectrum with no dominant I/sub 1//sup d/ emission and a low level of deep emissions.
P‐21: High Performance Solution Processed IZTO TFT at the Maximum Process Temperature of 230°C (2012)

Abstract We report a high performance solution processed oxide thin film transistor (TFT) produced at the maximum temperature of 230°C. Chloride derivate precursors were used for making Indium Zinc Tin Oxide (IZTO) as channel layer and Aluminum Oxide (AlOx) as gate insulator. The IZTO TFT exhibits field‐effect mobility of 6.8 cm 2 /Vs, threshold voltage of 0.74V and subthreshold swing of 103mV/dec. The TFT shows stable performance under negative bias and illumination stress (NBIS).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Free Radical Addition to Furans: A New Synthesis of Cyclopentenes and Spirocyclic Ethers. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure-based design of inhibitors of purine nucleoside phosphorylase. 3. 9-Arylmethyl derivatives of 9-deazaguanine substituted on the arylmethyl group (1993)

X-ray crystallography and computer-assisted molecular modeling (CAMM) studies aided in the design of a potent series of mammalian purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibitors. Enhanced potency was achieved by designing substituted 9-(arylmethyl)-9-deazaguanine analogs that interact favorably with all three of the binding subsites of the PNP active site, namely the purine binding site, the hydrophobic pocket, and the phosphate binding site. The most potent PNP inhibitor prepared during our investigation, (S)-9-[1-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-carboxyethyl]-9-deazaguanine (18b), was shown to have an IC50 of 6 nM, whereas the corresponding (R)-isomer was 30-fold less potent.
Akt expression may predict favorable prognosis in cholangiocarcinoma (2006)

Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling intermediates are commonly expressed in cholangiocarcinoma. Expression of Akt and use of systemic chemotherapy or radiation may correlate with improved survival.
Coordinated Allocation of Radio Resources to Wi-Fi and Cellular Technologies in Shared Unlicensed Frequencies (2021)

Wireless connectivity is essential for industrial production processes and workflow management. Moreover, the connectivity requirements of industrial devices, which are usually long-term investments, are diverse and require different radio interfaces. In this regard, the 3GPP has studied how to support heterogeneous radio access technologies (RATs) such asWi-Fi and unlicensed cellular technologies in 5G core networks. In some cases, these technologies coexist in the same spectrum. Dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS), which has already been proven to increase spectrum efficiency in licensed bands, can also be applied to this scenario. In this paper, we propose two solutions for mobile network operators (MNOs) or service providers to dynamically divide (multiplex) the radio resources of a shared channel between a Wi-Fi basic service set (BSS) and one or several carriers of scheduled wireless networks, such as cellular technologies, with a configurable level of sharing granularity. These solutions do not require modifications to the current commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) end devices. We adapt the existing IEEE 802.11 procedures to notify the Wi-Fi stations that they must share channels with different access networks. We demonstrate that our dynamic sharing proposals are also advantageous over direct coexistence and evaluate each of them quantitatively and qualitatively to determine when one or the other is preferable. The evaluation is particularized for IEEE 802.11ac and long-term evolution (LTE) license assisted access (LAA), but the solutions can be easily extended to 5G new radio-unlicensed (5G NR-U) or to any other wireless technology in which the network side schedules end device transmissions.
Search for an invisibly decaying Higgs boson or dark matter candidates produced in association with a Z boson in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2017)

Search for an invisibly decaying Higgs
The E, F 1Σ+g double-minimum state of hydrogen: Two-photon excitation of inner and outer wellsa) (1983)

Low-lying vibrational levels (v=2 and 3) of the outer well of the double-minimum E, F 1Σ+g state of molecular hydrogen are experimentally observed for the first time permitting a rotational analysis. The E, F state is excited by two-photon absorption using tunable (∼195 nm) Raman-shifted radiation of a frequency-doubled dye laser. The nonlinear absorption is detected by monitoring the subsequent photoionization of the E, F state. Homogeneous perturbations are observed between the vE=1 and vF=2 levels of the inner and outer wells, respectively. The molecular parameters for these levels (derived by a deperturbation analysis) as well as those for the unperturbed vF=3 level are compared with recent ab initio calculations and small deviations are noted. The rotational intensity distribution of the E–X (0,0) band mirrors the ground state rotational population, whereas the corresponding distributions of the E–X (1,0) and (2,0) bands as well as the F-X (4,0) band do not follow this pattern. This is interpreted in terms of vibronic coupling between the inner and outer wells of the E, F state. A comparison between the experimental rotationless intensities and those calculated from ab initio ground and excited state vibrational wave functions suggests that photoionization from the outer well is more effective than from the inner well.