gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stem cell factor-deficient mice have a dysregulation of cytokine production during local inflammation. (1998)

We have studied the responses of stem cell factor-deficient (SCF-) mice in two models of local inflammation, turpentine-induced tissue damage and zymosan-induced peritonitis. These mice have a profound mast cells deficiency. Following administration of either zymosan or turpentine, SCF- mice developed a more severe body weight loss than wild type (SCF+) mice. An exaggerated systemic production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and IL-6 was observed in SCF- mice. However, systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) levels were undetectable in SCF- mice following zymosan administration. The peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF) of SCF- mice also showed a marked increase in IL-1beta following zymosan administration, whereas local IL-6 and TNF-alpha production were not affected. In addition, PLF levels for the chemokine MIP-1alpha were strongly reduced in SCF- mice. This was associated with a reduced number of infiltrating cells. A possible mechanism for these differences was a reduction in IL-4 production in SCF- mice. Both local and systemic levels for IL-4 were significantly lower in SCF- mice following either zymosan or turpentine administration. Our results suggest that mast cells and/or SCF are important regulators of the production of cytokines in the course of inflammatory responses.
Novel Series of 8H‐Quinazolino[4,3‐b]quinazolin‐8‐ones via Two Niementowski Condensations. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
EDA approaches in identifying latchup risks (2016)

In this paper we review latchup protection verification methods and EDA challenges. We demonstrate complex static and transient latchup scenarios requiring advanced connectivity analysis. Using various EDA verification flows and tools we study latchup problems associated with grounded n-wells, biased n-wells and parasitic thyristors formed during ESD events.
Genetically Encoding Unnatural Amino Acids in Neural Stem Cells and Optically Reporting Voltage-Sensitive Domain Changes in Differentiated Neurons (2011)

Although unnatural amino acids (Uaas) have been genetically encoded in bacterial, fungal, and mammalian cells using orthogonal transfer RNA (tRNA)/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase pairs, applications of this method to a wider range of specialized cell types, such as stem cells, still face challenges. While relatively straightforward in stem cells, transient expression lacks sufficient temporal resolution to afford reasonable levels of Uaa incorporation and to allow for the study of the longer term differentiation process of stem cells. Moreover, Uaa incorporation may perturb differentiation. Here, we describe a lentiviral-based gene delivery method to stably incorporate Uaas into proteins expressed in neural stem cells, specifically HCN-A94 cells. The transduced cells differentiated into neural progenies in the same manner as the wild-type cells. By genetically incorporating a fluorescent Uaa into a voltage-dependent membrane lipid phosphatase, we show that this Uaa optically reports the conformational change of the voltage-sensitive domain in response to membrane depolarization. The method described here should be generally applicable to other stem cells and membrane proteins.
Highlights of Latest Advances in Antithrombotics (2004)

Thrombosis is still the leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and thus, effective antithrombotic strategies remain a critical therapeutic objective. The past decade has witnessed considerable progress in the development of newer anticoagulants, antiplatelets, and thrombolytics for the prevention and treatment of various thromboembolic disorders.
Optical gain from the direct gap transition of Ge-on-Si at room temperature (2009)

We report direct band gap optical gain of tensile strained n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> epitaxial Ge-on-Si at room temperature, which confirms that band-engineered Ge-on-Si is a promising gain medium for monolithic optical amplifiers and lasers on Si.
Transfer Learning in Brain-Computer Interfaces with Adversarial\n Variational Autoencoders (2018)

We introduce adversarial neural networks for representation learning as a\nnovel approach to transfer learning in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). The\nproposed approach aims to learn subject-invariant representations by\nsimultaneously training a conditional variational autoencoder (cVAE) and an\nadversarial network. We use shallow convolutional architectures to realize the\ncVAE, and the learned encoder is transferred to extract subject-invariant\nfeatures from unseen BCI users' data for decoding. We demonstrate a\nproof-of-concept of our approach based on analyses of electroencephalographic\n(EEG) data recorded during a motor imagery BCI experiment.\n
The iMaterialist Fashion Attribute Dataset (2019)

Many Large-scale image databases such as ImageNet have significantly advanced image classification and other visual recognition tasks. However much of these datasets are constructed only for single-label and coarse object-level classification. For real-world applications, multiple labels and fine-grained categories are often needed, yet very few such datasets exist publicly, especially those of large-scale and high quality. In this work, we contribute to the community a new dataset called iMaterialist Fashion Attribute (iFashion-Attribute) to address this problem in the fashion domain. The dataset is constructed from over one million fashion images with a label space that includes 8 groups of 228 fine-grained attributes in total. Each image is annotated by experts with multiple, high-quality fashion attributes. The result is the first known million-scale multi-label and fine-grained image dataset. We conduct extensive experiments and provide baseline results with modern deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Additionally, we demonstrate models pre-trained on iFashion-Attribute achieve superior transfer learning performance on fashion related tasks compared with pre-training from ImageNet or other fashion datasets.
Alcaloïdes des Feuilles de Strychnos dinklagei (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlcaloïdes des Feuilles de Strychnos dinklageiSylvie Michel, Alexios Leandros Skaltsounis, François Tillequin, Michel Koch, and Laurent Ake AssiCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1985, 48, 1, 86–92Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50037a015https://doi.org/10.1021/np50037a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Targeting Human Parainfluenza Virus Type-1 Haemagglutinin-Neuraminidase with Mechanism-Based Inhibitors (2019)

Human parainfluenza virus (hPIV) infections are a major cause of respiratory tract illnesses in children, with currently no available vaccine or drug treatment. The surface glycoprotein haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) of hPIV has a central role in the viral life cycle, including neuraminic acid-recognising receptor binding activity (early stage) and receptor-destroying activity (late stage), which makes it an ideal target for antiviral drug disovery. In this study, we showed that targeting the catalytic mechanism of hPIV-1 HN by a 2α,3β-difluoro derivative of the known hPIV-1 inhibitor, BCX 2798, produced more potent inhibition of the neuraminidase function which is reflected by a stronger inhibition of viral replication. The difluorosialic acid-based inhibitor efficiently blocked the neuraminidase activity of HN for a prolonged period of time relative to its unsaturated neuraminic acid (Neu2en) analogue, BCX 2798 and produced a more efficient inhibition of the HN neuraminidase activity as well as in vitro viral replication. This prolonged inhibition of the hPIV-1 HN protein suggests covalent binding of the inhibitor to a key catalytic amino acid, making this compound a new lead for a novel class of more potent hPIV-1 mechanism-based inhibitors.
Recursive Noise Floor Estimation in WCDMA (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Online estimation of the noise floor is essential for the accurate scheduling of wideband code-division multiple-access (WCDMA) enhanced uplink (EUL) channel transmissions. The noise floor is used for computation of the load of the uplink of the cell, which is then used to compute the momentary headroom available for EUL traffic. This paper proves a result on Kalman filter scaling, which significantly extends the dynamic range of a previous noise-floor-estimation scheme. This paper proceeds by proving that an optimal Bayesian minimum estimator can be written in recursive form using geometric—rather than arithmetic—averaging. As compared with previous algorithms, the recursive scheme reduces the memory requirement without compromising performance, at the same time that the tracking properties are enhanced. </para>
Preference-based selection of highly configurable web services (2007)

A key challenge for dynamic Web service selection is that Web services are typically highly configurable and service requesters often have dynamic preferences on service configurations. Current approaches, such as WS-Agreement, describe Web services by enumerating the various possible service configurations, an inefficient approach when dealing with numerous service attributes with large value spaces. We model Web service configurations and associated prices and preferences more compactly using utility function policies, which also allows us to draw from multi-attribute decision theory methods to develop an algorithm for optimal service selection. In this paper, we present an OWL ontology for the specification of configurable Web service offers and requests, and a flexible and extensible framework for optimal service selection that combines declarative logic-based matching rules with optimization methods, such as linear programming. Assuming additive price/preference functions, experimental results indicate that our algorithm introduces an overhead of only around 2 sec.~compared to random service selection, while giving optimal results. The overhead, as percentage of total time, decreases as the number of offers and configurations increase.
Molecular Diagnosis of COVID-19: Challenges and Research Needs (2020)

Molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 primarily relies on the detection of RNA of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative infectious agent of the pandemic. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) enables sensitive detection of specific sequences of genes that encode the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), nucleocapsid (N), envelope (E), and spike (S) proteins of the virus. Although RT-PCR tests have been widely used and many alternative assays have been developed, the current testing capacity and availability cannot meet the unprecedented global demands for rapid, reliable, and widely accessible molecular diagnosis. Challenges remain throughout the entire analytical process, from the collection and treatment of specimens to the amplification and detection of viral RNA and the validation of clinical sensitivity and specificity. We highlight the main issues surrounding molecular diagnosis of COVID-19, including false negatives from the detection of viral RNA, temporal variations of viral loads, selection and treatment of specimens, and limiting factors in detecting viral proteins. We discuss critical research needs, such as improvements in RT-PCR, development of alternative nucleic acid amplification techniques, incorporating CRISPR technology for point-of-care (POC) applications, validation of POC tests, and sequencing of viral RNA and its mutations. Improved assays are also needed for environmental surveillance or wastewater-based epidemiology, which gauges infection on the community level through analyses of viral components in the community's wastewater. Public health surveillance benefits from large-scale analyses of antibodies in serum, although the current serological tests do not quantify neutralizing antibodies. Further advances in analytical technology and research through multidisciplinary collaboration will contribute to the development of mitigation strategies, therapeutics, and vaccines. Lessons learned from molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 are valuable for better preparedness in response to other infectious diseases.
Objective versus subjective assessment of MPH response (2007)

Compared to other personality disorders such as borderline or antisocial, histrionic personality disorder has received comparably little attention in the research and clinical literature. Currently, there is no freely accessible, stand-alone clinical measure for histrionic symptoms. In this article, we report two studies that examined the reliability, convergent validity and factor structure of a new measure of histrionic personality disorder symptoms, the Brief Histrionic Personality Scale (BHPS). Study 1 describes the initial development of the measure with 661 young adults. An initial pool of 36 items was narrowed down to a 11-item, reliable scale that converged highly with the Colligan/Morey/Offord MMPI scale for histrionic symptoms, as well as with a measure of extraversion. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure to the measure. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis found that the two-factor model was a good fit to the data on a sample of 340 young adults. Taken together, these results suggest that the BHPS is a promising research and clinical tool for histrionic personality disorder.
The Next Generation MOD: A Microchip Amino Acid Analyzer for Detecting Extraterrestrial Life (2000)

The MOD (Mars Organic Detector) instrument which has selected for the definition phase of the BEDS package on the 2005 Mars Explorer Program spacecraft is designed to simply detect the presence of amino acids in Martian surface samples at a sensitivity of a few parts per billion (ppb). An additional important aspect of amino acid analyses of Martian samples is identifying and quantifying which compounds are present, and also distinguishing those produced abiotically from those synthesized by either extinct or extant life. Amino acid homochirality provides an unambiguous way of distinguishing between abiotic vs. biotic origins. Proteins made up of mixed D- and L-amino acids would not likely have been efficient catalysts in early organisms because they could not fold into bioactive configurations such as the a-helix. However, enzymes made up of all D-amino acids function just as well as those made up of only L-amino acids, but the two enzymes use the opposite stereoisomeric substrates. There are no biochemical reasons why L-amino acids would be favored over Damino acids. On Earth, the use of only L-amino acids in proteins by life is probably simply a matter of chance. We assume that if proteins and enzymes were a component of extinct or extant life on Mars, then amino acid homochirality would have been a requirement. However, the possibility that Martian life was (or is) based on D-amino acids would be equal to that based on L-amino acids. The detection of a nonracemic mixture of amino acids in a Martian sample would be strong evidence for the presence of an extinct or extant biota on Mars. The finding of an excess of D-amino acids would provide irrefutable evidence of unique Martian life that could not have been derived from seeding the planet with terrestrial life (or the seeding of the Earth with Martian life). In contrast, the presence of racemic amino acids, along with non-protein amino acids such as alpha-aminoisobutyric acid and isovaline, would be indicative of an abiotic origin, although we have to consider the possibility that the racemic amino acids were generated from the racemization of biotically produced amino acids.
The adult human subventricular zone: partial ependymal coverage and proliferative capacity of cerebrospinal fluid (2020)

Neurogenesis continues throughout adulthood in specialized regions of the brain. One of these regions is the subventricular zone. During brain development, neurogenesis is regulated by a complex interplay of intrinsic and extrinsic cues that control stem-cell survival, renewal and cell lineage specification. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an integral part of the neurogenic niche in development as it is in direct contact with radial glial cells, and it is important in regulating proliferation and migration. Yet, the effect of CSF on neural stem cells in the subventricular zone of the adult human brain is unknown. We hypothesized a persistent stimulating effect of ventricular CSF on neural stem cells in adulthood, based on the literature, describing bulging accumulations of subventricular cells where CSF is in direct contact with the subventricular zone. Here, we show by immunohistochemistry on <i>post-mortem</i> adult human subventricular zone sections that neural stem cells are in close contact with CSF via protrusions through both intact and incomplete ependymal layers. We are the first to systematically quantify subventricular glial nodules denuded of ependyma and consisting of proliferating neural stem and progenitor cells, and showed that they are present from foetal age until adulthood. Neurosphere, cell motility and differentiation assays as well as analyses of RNA expression were used to assess the effects of CSF of adult humans on primary neural stem cells and a human immortalized neural stem cell line. We show that human ventricular CSF increases proliferation and decreases motility of neural stem cells. Our results also indicate that adult CSF pushes neural stem cells from a relative quiescent to a more active state and promotes neuronal over astrocytic lineage differentiation. Thus, CSF continues to stimulate neural stem cells throughout aging.
Optical monitoring of thermal effects in RPE during heating (2005)

Fast and non-invasive detection of cellular stress is useful for fundamental research and practical applications in medicine and biology. Using Light Scattering Spectroscopy we extract information about changes in refractive index and size of the cellular organelles. Particle sizes down to 50nm in diameter can be detected using light within the spectral range of 450-850 nm. We monitor the heat-induced sub-cellular structural changes in human RPE cells and, for comparison, in transfected NIH-3T3 cells which express luciferase linked to the heat shock protein (HSP). Using inverse light scattering fitting algorithm, we reconstruct the size distribution of the sub-micron organelles from the light scattering spectrum. The most significant (up to 70%) and rapid (20sec) temperature-related changes can be linked to an increase of refractive index of the 160nm sized mitochondria. The start of this effect coincides with the onset of HSP expression. This technique provides an insight into metabolic processes within organelles larger than 50nm without exogenous staining and opens doors for non-invasive real-time assessment of cellular stress, which can be used for monitoring of retinal laser treatments like transpupillary thermo therapy or PDT.
It Takes More Than an Imine: The Role of the Central Atom on the Electron-Accepting Ability of Benzotriazole and Benzothiadiazole Oligomers (2012)

We report on the comparison of the electronic and photophysical properties of a series of related donor-acceptor-donor oligomers incorporating the previously known 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole (BTz) moiety as the acceptor and the recently reported BTzTD acceptor, a hybrid of BTz and 2,1,3-benzothiadiazole (BTD). Although often implied in the polymer literature that BTz has good acceptor character, we show that this moiety is best described as a weak acceptor. We present electrochemical, computational, and photophysical evidence supporting our assertion that BTzTD is a strong electron acceptor while maintaining the alkylation ability of the BTz moiety. Our results show that the identity of the central atom (N or S) in the benzo-fused heterocyclic ring plays an important role in both the electron-accepting and the electron-donating ability of acceptor moieties with sulfur imparting a greater electron-accepting ability and nitrogen affording greater electron-donating character. We report on the X-ray crystal structure of a BTzTD trimer, which exhibits greater local aromatic character in the region of the triazole ring and contains an electron-deficient sulfur that imparts strong electron-accepting ability. Additionally, we examine the transient absorption spectra of BTzTD and BTz oligomers and report that the BTz core promotes efficient intersystem crossing to the triplet state, while the presence of the thiadiazole moiety in BTzTD leads to a negligible triplet yield. Additionally, while BTz does not function as a good acceptor, oligomers containing this moiety do function as excellent sensitizers for the generation of singlet oxygen.
Intermetallic insertion anodes for lithium batteries. (1999)

Binary intermetallic compounds containing lithium, or lithium alloys, such as Li{sub x}Al, Li{sub x}Si and Li{sub x}Sn have been investigated in detail in the past as negative electrode materials for rechargeable lithium batteries. It is generally acknowledged that the major limitation of these systems is the large volumetric expansion that occurs when lithium reacts with the host metal. Such large increases in volume limit the practical use of lithium-tin electrodes in electrochemical cells. It is generally recognized that metal oxide electrodes, MO{sub y}, in lithium-ion cells operate during charge and discharge by means of a reversible lithium insertion/extraction process, and that the cells offer excellent cycling behavior when the crystallographic changes to the unit cell parameters and unit cell volume of the Li{sub x}MO{sub y} electrode are kept to a minimum. An excellent example of such an electrode is the spinel Li{sub 4}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}, which maintains its cubic symmetry without any significant change to the lattice parameter (and hence unit cell volume) during lithium insertion to the rock-salt composition Li{sub 7}Ti{sub 5}O{sub 12}. This spinel electrode is an example of a ternary Li{sub x}MO{sub y} system in which a binary MO{sub y} framework provides a stable host structure for lithium. With this approach, the authors have turned their attention to exploring ternary intermetallic systems Li{sub x}MM{prime} in the hope of finding a system that is not subject to the high volumetric expansion that typifies many binary systems. In this paper, the authors present recent data of their investigations of lithium-copper-tin and lithium-indium-antimonide electrodes in lithium cells. The data show that lithium can be inserted reversibly into selected intermetallic compounds with relatively small expansion of the lithiated intermetallic structures.