gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Mild Procedure for the Addition of Bisulfite to Electrophilic Olefins (2010)

Abstract The sulfonylation of activated alkenes is an important yet unexplored reaction due to the harshness of conditions required. We have identified a procedure which allowed the reaction of alkenes with equimolar amounts of bisulfite at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: The Reaction of Tris(trimethylsilyl)silane with Acid Chlorides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ETS family transcription factors collaborate with alternative signaling pathways to induce carcinoma from adult murine prostate cells (2009)

Chromosomal rearrangements involving erythroblast transformation specific (ETS) family transcription factors were recently defined as the most common genetic alterations in human prostate cancer. Despite their prevalence, it is unclear what quantitative role they play in either initiation or progression of the disease. Using a lentiviral transduction and dissociated cell prostate regeneration approach, we find that acutely increased expression of ETS proteins in adult murine prostate epithelial cells is sufficient to induce the formation of epithelial hyperplasia and focal prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) lesions, but not progression to carcinoma. However, combined expression of ERG with additional genetic alternations associated with human prostate cancer can lead to aggressive disease. Although ERG overexpression does not cooperate with loss of the tumor suppressor p53, it does collaborate with alterations in PI3K signaling, such as Pten knockdown or AKT up-regulation, to produce a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Most striking is our finding that overexpression of androgen receptor (AR) does not give rise to any hyperplastic lesions, but when combined with high levels of ERG, it promotes the development of a more poorly differentiated, invasive adenocarcinoma. These findings suggest that in human prostate cancer, the most potent function of ETS gene fusions may be to synergize with alternative genetic events and provide different pathways for carcinoma production and invasive behavior. Our results provide direct evidence for selective cooperating events in ERG-induced prostate tumorigenesis and offer a rational basis for combined therapeutic interventions against multiple oncogenic pathways in prostate cancer.
Single-mode gain-switched operation of a self-seeded 690-nm InGaP/AlGaInP Fabry-Perot laser (1996)

Summary form only given. We have successfully demonstrated the single-mode operation of a gain-switched 690-nm InGaP/AlGaInP Fabry-Perot laser by the self-seeding technique. We believe this scheme will lead to the efficient generation of single-mode pulses and is attractive for applications in short-wavelength nonlinear optics.
Vibrational relaxation in jet-cooled alkyl benzenes. I.Absorption spectra (1980)

Fluorescence excitation spectra of a series of alkylbenzenes cooled in a supersonic free jet have been obtained for the first 1000 cm−1 region of the 1B2(ππ*)←1A1 ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The series includes all n-alkylbenzenes up to n-hexyl together with isopropyl- and tert-butylbenzene. As with toluene, the spectra in this region for all alkylbenzenes is found to be dominated by vibrations of five ring modes: 6a, 6b, 1, 12, and 18a. Three of these—the ’’system modes’’ (6b, 12, 18a)—are found to be largely invariant to changes in the alkyl chain length and type— the ’’bath.’’ For n-alkylbenzenes with chain length of three or higher, spectra of two distinct conformations are observed with roughly equal intensity. These conformations are distinguished by configuration about the 1–2 carbon–carbon bond of the alkyl chain. When this configuration is trans [n-(t)-alkylbenzene], the alkyl chain extends away from the phenyl ring leaving the ring free to van der Waals complex binding on both sides of the ring. The He2–n-(t)-alkylbenzene van der Waals complex is thus observed. When the conformation about the 1–2 bond is gauche [n-(g)-alkylbenzene] the alkyl chain partially covers one side of the phenyl ring. This produces a small red-shift of the spectrum (a self-induced solvent shift) and prohibits the formation of the ring-centered dihelium van der Waals complex.
Thermally reversible polymer systems by cyclopentadienylation. I. A model for termination by cyclopentadienylation of olefin polymerization (1979)

Abstract The reaction between tert ‐butylchloride ( t ‐BuCl) and dimethylcyclopentadienylaluminum (Me 2 AlCPD) was studied as a model for initiation by the tert ‐butyl cation ( t ‐Bu ⊕ ) and termination by cyclopentadienylation by the Me 2 Al(CPD)Cl ⊖ counteranion of isobutylene polymerization. All reaction products formed in this model system have been identified and quantitatively determined. A comprehensive scheme that indicates pathways to these products was developed (scheme III). It is proposed that the predominant product, tert ‐butylcyclopentadiene ( t ‐BuCPD), arises in the collapse of the t ‐Bu ⊕ ‐Me 2 Al(CPD)Cl ⊖ ion pair, mainly by CPD ⊖ transfer to the tert ‐butyl cation. The minor products are neopentane ( t ‐BuMe) and isobutylene ( i ‐C 4 H 8 ), which are probably formed, respectively, by Me ⊖ transfer to and proton loss from the t ‐butyl cation. Cyclopentadienylation selectivity increases by lowering the temperature and extrapolation of results suggests 100% cyclopentadienylation at −55°C. The t ‐BuCl/Me 2 AlCPD ratio strongly influences the overall reaction pathway. The reaction is first order in t ‐BuCl with Δ E a of ca. 7 kcal/mole (1,2‐dichloroethane or chlorobenzene solvents, +24 to −29°C). Indirect evidence indicates that the kinetic product of cyclopentadienylation is 5‐ t ‐BuCPD and that this isomer cannot be tert ‐butylated; that is, the initiation of 5‐ t ‐BuCPD polymerization by t ‐Bu ⊕ is sterically unfavorable. Detailed analysis of the chemistry and kinetics of the t ‐BuCl/Me 2 AlCPD model system holds important clues to the controlled polymerization of olefins leading to macromolecules with cyclopentadiene (CPD) termini.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantiodifferentiation in Indium‐Promoted Allylations of 2,3‐Azetidinediones in Water. Definition of Long‐Range Stereocontrol Elements on π‐Facial Selectivity for β‐Lactam Synthesis. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-temperature pulsed operation of InGaAsP/InP surface emitting lasers (1991)

The observation of above-room-temperature pulsed operation of 1.3- mu m InGaAsP/InP vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) is reported. Lasing operation was successfully achieved up to temperatures as high as 66 degrees C. The threshold current at 20 degrees C was only 50 mA, which is much lower than that previously reported (150 mA) for VCSELs in this material system. The VCSEL structure is the polyimide-embedded constricted mesa structure with an undercut active layer formed using a selective chemical etchant. The laser cavity consists of a 1.5- mu m-thick p-InP cladding layer, a 0.6- mu m p-InGaAsP active layer, and a 2- mu m n-InP cladding layer grown by MOVPE on a p-type InP substrate.
Ant Colony Optimization Applied to the Training of a High Order Neural Network with Adaptable Exponential Weights (2016)

High order neural networks (HONN) are neural networks which employ neurons that combine their inputs non-linearly. The HONEST (High Order Network with Exponential SynapTic links) network is a HONN that uses neurons with product units and adaptable exponents. The output of a trained HONEST network can be expressed in terms of the network inputs by a polynomial-like equation. This makes the structure of the network more transparent and easier to interpret. This study adapts ACOR, an Ant Colony Optimization algorithm, to the training of an HONEST network. Using a collection of 10 widely-used benchmark datasets, we compare ACOR to the well-known gradient-based Resilient Propagation (R-Prop) algorithm, in the training of HONEST networks. We find that our adaptation of ACOR has better test set generalization than R-Prop, though not to a statistically significant extent.
A Multiuser Downlink System Combining Limited Feedback and Channel Correlation Information (2010)

We address the problem of combining limited feedback information with long-term channel statistical information in the design of downlink SDMA schemes. A novel combining method is developed to improve the quality of channel knowledge at the base station. More specifically, a set of novel feedback parameters is proposed and a related method is developed to estimate a representation of the multiuser channel vectors at the base station. This method utilizes the hybrid information by combining instantaneous channel feedback and long-term channel statistics, and is based on a channel phase codebook designed using the generalized Lloyd algorithm. The estimated channel knowledge at the base station can be used for joint design of multiuser precoding and opportunistic scheduling. The advantage of the proposed scheme over existing CSI quantization based SDMA schemes is further confirmed by computer simulations.
Synthesis, Biodistribution, and Estrogen Receptor Scintigraphy of Indium-111—Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid–Tamoxifen Analogue (1996)

This study was aimed at developing a hydrophilic diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid-tamoxifen (DTPA-Tam) analogue for use in imaging estrogen receptor positive (ER+) lesions. In rat uterine cytosol, the IC50 of DTPA-Tam conjugate was 1 microM and of tamoxifen, 2 microM. Biodistribution, autoradiography, and radionuclide imaging of 111In-DTPA-Tam in breast-tumor-bearing rats showed that tumor-to-tissue ratios increased steadily between 30 min and 48 h. The in vivo response of MCF-7 breast cancer xenografts to tamoxifen and DTPA-Tam in nude mice demonstrated that DTPA-Tam could reduce tumor growth rate. These results indicate that DTPA-Tam, a new hydrophilic ER+ ligand, might be useful in diagnosing ER+ lesions.
Understanding the Mechanism of SiC Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD) and Developing Routes toward SiC Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) with Density Functional Theory (2018)

Understanding the mechanism of SiC chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is an important step in investigating the routes toward future atomic layer deposition (ALD) of SiC. The energetics of various silicon and carbon precursors reacting with bare and H-terminated 3C-SiC (011) are analyzed using ab initio density functional theory (DFT). Bare SiC is found to be reactive to silicon and carbon precursors, while H-terminated SiC is found to be not reactive with these precursors at 0 K. Furthermore, the reaction pathways of silane plasma fragments SiH3 and SiH2 are calculated along with the energetics for the methane plasma fragments CH3 and CH2. SiH3 and SiH2 fragments follow different mechanisms toward Si growth, of which the SiH3 mechanism is found to be more thermodynamically favorable. Moreover, both of the fragments were found to show selectivity toward the Si–H bond and not C–H bond of the surface. On the basis of this, a selective Si deposition process is suggested for silicon versus carbon-doped silicon oxide surfaces.
VisionBlocks: A Social Computer Vision Framework (2011)

Vision Blocks (http://visionblocks.org) is an on demand, in-browser, customizable computer vision application publishing platform for masses. It empowers end-users (consumers)to create novel solutions for themselves that they would not easily obtain off-the-shelf. By transferring design capability to the consumers, we enable creation and dissemination of custom products and algorithms. We adapt a visual programming paradigm to codify vision algorithms for general use. As a proof of-concept, we implement computer vision algorithms such as motion tracking, face detection, change detection and others. We demonstrate their applications on real-time video. Our studies show that end users (non programmers) only need 50%more time to build such systems when compared to the most experienced researchers. We made progress towards closing the gap between researchers and consumers by finding that users rate the intuitiveness of the approach in a level 6% less than researchers. We discuss different application scenarios where such study will be useful and argue its benefit for computer vision research community. We believe that enabling users with ability to create application will be first step towards creating social computer vision applications and platform.
In Vitro Derived Dendritic Cells trans-Infect CD4 T Cells Primarily with Surface-Bound HIV-1 Virions (2007)

In the prevailing model of HIV-1 trans-infection, dendritic cells (DCs) capture and internalize intact virions and transfer these virions to interacting T cells at the virological synapse. Here, we show that HIV-1 virions transmitted in trans from in vitro derived DCs to T cells principally originate from the surface of DCs. Selective neutralization of surface-bound virions abrogated trans-infection by monocyte-derived DCs and CD34-derived Langerhans cells. Under conditions mimicking antigen recognition by the interacting T cells, most transferred virions still derived from the cell surface, although a few were transferred from an internal compartment. Our findings suggest that attachment inhibitors could neutralize trans-infection of T cells by DCs in vivo.
Angioedema presenting as chronic gastrointestinal symptoms. (1993)

Gastrointestinal complaints may be the presenting feature of patients with acquired or hereditary angioedema. We describe two patients with episodic nausea, abdominal pain, and cramping secondary to C1 inhibitor deficiency. In one patient, an acquired deficiency arose as a paraneoplastic syndrome with abdominal complaints preceding the diagnosis of an occult lymphoma. The second patient presented at age 61 with abdominal complaints secondary to a hereditary deficiency of C1 inhibitor. The patients' symptoms were due to gastrointestinal angioedema, resulting from episodic unregulated complement activation. The biochemical mechanism of this unusual syndrome and its diagnostic importance are discussed. A C1 inhibitor deficiency should be considered in patients with unexplained abdominal symptoms suggestive of intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
(E)-Trimethyl(perfluoroprop-1-enyl)silane As a Reagent to Transfer Perfluoroprop-1-enyl Group to Ketones and Aldehydes Catalyzed by Fluoride (2014)

Analogous to trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane (Ruppert’s reagent) (E)-trimethyl(perfluoroprop-1-enyl)silane (1), prepared by deprotonation of (Z)-1,2,3,3,3-pentafluoroprop-1-ene (2a) at −78 °C in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane, was shown to transfer the perfluoroprop-1-enyl group to a number of electrophiles containing carbonyl group in the presence of catalytic amount of fluoride anion. The perfluoroprop-1-enyl group was transferred to formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, benzaldehyde, acetone, trifluoroacetophenone resulting in formation of corresponding TMS-ethers of secondary and tertiary alcohols containing Z-CF3CF═CF– fragment. With some substrates such as hexafluoroacetone, formaldehyde, and trifluoroacetophenone, substituted 5-membered dioxolane products of the reaction can be obtained, depending on the reaction conditions and the source of fluoride catalyst.
Electrochemical Immunosensors based on Nanostructured Carbonaceous Supports (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Patterns of Timing and Intensity of Physical Activity and HbA1c Levels in Hispanic/Latino Adults With or at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes (2022)

NCT03830840 and NCT03736468.
Successive Refinement of Privacy (2020)

This work examines a novel question: how much randomness is needed to achieve local differential privacy (LDP)? A motivating scenario is providing multiple levels of privacy to multiple analysts, either for distribution or for heavy hitter estimation, using the same (randomized) output. We call this setting successive refinement of privacy, as it provides hierarchical access to the raw data with different privacy levels. For example, the same randomized output could enable one analyst to reconstruct the input, while another can only estimate the distribution subject to LDP requirements. This extends the classical Shannon (wiretap) security setting to local differential privacy. We provide (order-wise) tight characterizations of privacy-utility-randomness trade-offs in several cases for distribution estimation, including the standard LDP setting under a randomness constraint. We also provide a non-trivial privacy mechanism for multi-level privacy. Furthermore, we show that we cannot reuse random keys over time while preserving privacy of each user.
Supplementary Methods from The INPP4B Tumor Suppressor Modulates EGFR Trafficking and Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

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ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of α‐Ethylstyrenes Catalyzed by Chiral Ruthenium Complexes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Solvational Control in Spin-State Variations among Nickel(II) Complexes (1967)

The various modes of interaction with molecules of solvents that govern the spin states of nickel(II) ions are both subtle and potent. The best known examples involve direct metal ion-solvent coordination. In certain cases, these processes represent poised equilibria with comparable amounts of the 6-coordinate triplet and lower coordinate singlet present. Such systems are particularly sensitive to minor variations in the character of the solvent. With bulky organic ligands, the complexes themselves probably act as solvent-structuring solutes. The effects of other solutes and other variables on solvent structure may be reflected in shifts in the equilibrium. The stoichiometric interaction of complex and solvent molecule via a hydrogen bonding process is also well documented and subject to similar variations. Apparently, in some nonprotonic solvents the dielectric properties support ionization equilibria that are associated with a spin-state change but, from the direction of the change, coordination of the solvent is not important.
622 Development of Walking Analysis System Using by Motion Sensor with Mobile Force Plate (2011)

In walking analysis, which is one useful method for efficient physical rehabilitation, the ground reaction force, the center of pressure, and the body orientation data are measured during walking. In the past, these data were measured by a 3D motion analysis system consisting of high-speed cameras and force plates, which must be installed in the floor. However, a conventional 3D motion analysis system can measure the ground reaction force and the center of pressure just on force plates during a few steps. In addition, the subjects' stride lengths are limited because they have to walk on the center of the force plate. These problems can be resolved by converting conventional devices into wearable devices. We used a measuring device consisting of portable force plates and motion sensors. We developed a walking analysis system that calculates the ground reaction force, the center of pressure, and the body orientations and measured a walking subject to estimate this system. We simultaneously used a conventional 3D motion analysis system to compare with our development system and showed its validity for measurements of ground reaction force and the center of pressure.
Lipid dynamics in zebrafish embryonic development observed by DESI-MS imaging and nanoelectrospray-MS (2016)

The zebrafish Danio rerio is a model vertebrate organism for understanding biological mechanisms. Recent studies have explored using zebrafish as a model for lipid-related diseases, for in vivo fish bioassays, and for embryonic toxicity experiments. Mass spectrometry (MS) and MS imaging are established tools for lipid profiling and spatial mapping of biomolecules and offer rapid, sensitive, and simple analytical protocols for zebrafish analysis. When ambient ionization techniques are used, ions are generated in native environmental conditions, requiring neither sample preparation nor separation of molecules prior to MS. We used two direct MS techniques to describe the dynamics of the lipid profile during zebrafish embryonic development from 0 to 96 hours post-fertilization and to explore these analytical approaches as molecular diagnostic assays. Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MS imaging followed by nanoelectrospray (nESI) MS and tandem MS (MS/MS) were used in positive and negative ion modes, allowing the detection of a large variety of phosphatidylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylinositols, free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, ubiquinone, squalene, and other lipids, and revealed information on the spatial distributions of lipids within the embryo and on lipid molecular structure. Differences were observed in the relative ion abundances of free fatty acids, triacylglycerols, and ubiquinone - essentially localized to the yolk - across developmental stages, whereas no relevant differences were found in the distribution of complex membrane glycerophospholipids, indicating conserved lipid constitution. Embryos exposed to trichloroethylene for 72 hours exhibited an altered lipid profile, indicating the potential utility of this technique for testing the effects of environmental contaminants.
A Dynamic Resource Management System for Network-Attached Accelerator Clusters (2013)

Over the years, cluster systems have become increasingly heterogeneous by equipping cluster nodes with one or more accelerators such as graphic processing units (GPU). These devices are typically attached to a compute node via PCI Express. As a consequence, batch systems such as TORQUE/Maui and SLURM have been extended to be aware of those additional resources tightly coupled with compute nodes. Recent advances in accelerator technology have given rise to the possibility of using network-attached accelerators in addition to node-attached accelerators. However, current batch systems do not support this new usage scenario of accelerators. This work focuses on the support for batch systems for allocating network-attached accelerators. The most important feature of the proposed batch system is its ability to dynamically allocate network-attached accelerators to jobs at application runtime. We discuss our extensions to the TORQUE and Maui batch system and elaborate on its features in the Dynamic Accelerator-Cluster Architecture, which describes an integration of network-attached accelerators into a cluster system. We also evaluate the dynamic allocation scenarios and show how batch systems can be designed to provide support for more flexible and dynamic cluster systems.
Efficient reduction of interactions in dispersion-managed links through in-line filtering and synchronous intensity modulation (2000)

The effect of combined use of in-line filtering and synchronous intensity modulation on interactions is investigated both analytically and numerically in a 40-Gbit/s dispersion-managed link. Numerical results confirm analytical predictions and show that interactions are efficiently suppressed.