gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Same-Day Delivery with Crowdshipping and Store Fulfillment in Daily Operations (2019)

This paper examines the problem of daily operations of same-day delivery with crowdshipping and store fulfillment (SDD-CSF). We aim to close the last-mile delivery gap between local stores and customers. SDD-CSF makes order fulfillment plan from two aspects: order souring decision and delivery method selection in order to minimize the cost associated with the order fulfillment plan. We adopt the new concept of last-mile delivery from local stores using crowdsourced shipping, which includes two specific delivery methods based on the distinct characteristics of crowdsourced shippers: Information Sharing Driver (ISDs) and Occasional Drivers (ODs). We devise a dynamic programming model for order fulfillment in a rolling horizon framework, which later is mathematically approximated into a mixed integer linear programming model. The model considers both currently received orders and the predicted future demand to make order assignment decision that minimizes the immediate delivery cost plus the resulting future expected cost. It repeatedly solves the model following the timeline in order to construct an optimal fulfillment plan from local stores. With the help of the rolling horizon structure, we also introduce a feedback control system to cope with the inaccurate forecast of future demand. Finally, we prove that under perfect information, the proposed formulation can converge to the global optimum.
<title>Assembly and testing of the ESI camera</title> (1999)

The Echellette Spectrograph and Imager (ESI), currently being delivered for use at the Cassegrain focus of the Keck II telescope employs an all-spherical, 308 mm focal length f/1.07 Epps camera. The camera consists of 10 lens elements in 5 groups: an oil-coupled doublet; a singlet, an oil- coupled triplet; a grease-coupled triplet; and a field flattener, which also serves as the vacuum-dewar window. A sensitivity analysis suggested that mechanical manufacturing tolerances of order +/- 25 microns were appropriate. In this paper we discuss the sensitivity analysis, the assembly and the testing of this camera.
The Discovery of a Potent, Selective, and Peripherally Restricted Pan-Trk Inhibitor (PF-06273340) for the Treatment of Pain (2016)

The neurotrophin family of growth factors, comprised of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin 3 (NT3), and neurotrophin 4 (NT4), is implicated in the physiology of chronic pain. Given the clinical efficacy of anti-NGF monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies, there is significant interest in the development of small molecule modulators of neurotrophin activity. Neurotrophins signal through the tropomyosin related kinase (Trk) family of tyrosine kinase receptors, hence Trk kinase inhibition represents a potentially "druggable" point of intervention. To deliver the safety profile required for chronic, nonlife threatening pain indications, highly kinase-selective Trk inhibitors with minimal brain availability are sought. Herein we describe how the use of SBDD, 2D QSAR models, and matched molecular pair data in compound design enabled the delivery of the highly potent, kinase-selective, and peripherally restricted clinical candidate PF-06273340.
Study of Cationic N-Isopropylacrylamide−Styrene Copolymer Latex Particles Using Fluorescent Probes (1999)

Monodisperse cationically charged core−shell poly[styrene/N-isopropylacrylamide] latexes, differing in their shell structure, were studied at temperatures around the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of poly[N-isopropylacrylamide]. Near the LCST, a transition on the latex dimensions was observed by quasi-elastic light scattering measurements. The same transition could also be detected using the intensity ratio of the pyrene fluorescence vibronic bands, I1/I3, and the excimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratio of 1,10-bis(1-pyrenyl)decane. The fluorescence spectra and decay curve measurements of 1,10-bis(1-pyrenyl)decane provided a better understanding of both the hydrophilic−hydrophobic variation and the conformational changes occurring in the poly[N-isopropylacrylamide] shell of the latex particles upon temperature variation.
Solution structure of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1a (2019)

Hazelnut is one of the most frequent causes of food allergy. The major hazel allergen in Northern Europe is Cor a 1, which is homologous to the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1. Both allergens belong to the pathogenesis related class PR-10. We determined the solution structure of Cor a 1.0401 from hazelnut and identified a natural ligand of the protein. The structure reveals the protein fold characteristic for PR-10 family members, which consists of a seven-stranded antiparallel β-sheet, two short α-helices arranged in V-shape and a long C-terminal α-helix encompassing a hydrophobic pocket. However, despite the structural similarities between Cor a 1 and Bet v 1, they bind different ligands. We have shown previously that Bet v 1 binds to quercetin-3-O-sophoroside. Here, we isolated Cor a 1 from hazel pollen and identified the bound ligand, quercetin-3-O-(2"-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-β-D-galactopyranoside, by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). NMR experiments were performed to confirm binding. Remarkably, although it has been shown that PR-10 allergens show promiscuous binding behaviour in vitro, we can demonstrate that Cor a 1.0401 and Bet v 1.0101 exhibit highly selective binding for their specific ligand but not for the respective ligand of the other allergen.
Role of Stat3 in Regulating p53 Expression and Function (2005)

Loss of p53 function by mutation is common in cancer. However, most natural p53 mutations occur at a late stage in tumor development, and many clinically detectable cancers have reduced p53 expression but no p53 mutations. It remains to be fully determined what mechanisms disable p53 during malignant initiation and in cancers without mutations that directly affect p53. We show here that oncogenic signaling pathways inhibit the p53 gene transcription rate through a mechanism involving Stat3, which binds to the p53 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Site-specific mutation of a Stat3 DNA-binding site in the p53 promoter partially abrogates Stat3-induced inhibition. Stat3 activity also influences p53 response genes and affects UV-induced cell growth arrest in normal cells. Furthermore, blocking Stat3 in cancer cells up-regulates expression of p53, leading to p53-mediated tumor cell apoptosis. As a point of convergence for many oncogenic signaling pathways, Stat3 is constitutively activated at high frequency in a wide diversity of cancers and is a promising molecular target for cancer therapy. Thus, repression of p53 expression by Stat3 is likely to have an important role in development of tumors, and targeting Stat3 represents a novel therapeutic approach for p53 reactivation in many cancers lacking p53 mutations.
Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane-urea-clay and polyvinylidene fluoride-clay nanocomposites (2009)

Chemically-modified clay nanoparticles were incorporated into an acoustically clear, two-part thermosetting polyurethane-urea encapsulant. The dispersion of these platelet-like particles into the polyurethane-urea reduced its water permeability coefficient by 75% at a volume percent clay loading of less than 1%. At this low filler loading level, the density, sound speed, acoustic impedance, modulus, loss tangent and insertion loss of the polyurethane-urea-clay nanocomposites remained essentially unchanged from the values characteristic of the unfilled polyurethane. This study is the first to report the acoustic properties of polymer-clay nanocomposites. Additional data on synthesis/dispersion issues, the adhesive bonding ability of the polyurethane-urea-clay nanocomposites to aluminum substrates, and the thermal conductivity of the nanocomposites, are also presented. These nanocomposites would provide better protection for acoustic sources and sensors from water incursion-induced degradation, thereby significantly increasing their useful service lifetimes in the marine environment. Thinner layers of these nanocomposites applied over miniaturized acoustic devices would provide the same (or better) protection from water incursion as the thicker layers of unfilled polyurethane now used to encapsulate full-sized hardware. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is the most widely available and inexpensive electroactive polymer. It does not, however, crystallize directly from the melt in its polar, ferroelectric form--typically, conversion to that form requires mechanical stretching. The addition of treated montmorillonite clay results in the formation of a PVDF-clay nanocomposite that forms polar (Î²-phase) crystallites directly from the melt. Compared to conventional PVDF homopolymer, this nanocomposite material has improved thermal stability, and similar total percent crystallinity. It also exhibits piezoelectric response up to 6 pC/N. Evidence is presented that the coatings applied to the clay to help with exfoliation/intercalation were not thermally stable at the temperature used to extrude the PVDF-clay nanocomposites. More thermally stable coatings for the clay would have produced better Î± to Î² conversion percentages and, therefore, a corresponding increase in piezoactivity. PVDF-clay nanocomposites, once perfected, may allow low-cost piezoelectric polymer skins/coatings to be directly extruded over large areas or surfaces.
Magnetite Nanoparticle/Copper Phosphate Nanoflower Composites for Fenton-like Organic Dye Degradation (2022)

A fast and sustainable technique in catalytically degrading organic dyes under flow is reported. It involves the use of three different applications of the high-shear and intense micro-mixing vortex fluidic device (VFD), including material fabrication, reactor coating, and material “banding”. The active catalytic material is a composite of magnetite nanoparticles and Cu3(PO4)2 nanoflowers (MNPCuNFs), 8–10 μm in diameter, which are generated in the VFD within 30 min. MNPCuNFs magnetically and centrifugally held against the surface of the rapidly rotating tube in the VFD have enhanced catalytic activity in degrading four different organic dyes under real-time monitoring with at least a fivefold increase in the degradation efficiency compared to that in the batch processing. To further improve the platform performance, the VFD tube reactor was chemically modified, incorporating a thin layer of silica-activated carbon xerogel coating which behaves synergistically with the nanoflowers. This coated tube is highly stable and reusable, dramatically increasing the degradation efficiency by about 30-fold relative to using batch processing. Integrating an ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy-based probe allows real-time monitoring of the reaction and also provides a direct tool to evaluate the coating layer post reaction. This study provides a rational design of hybrid materials and the use of a modified VFD tube reactor toward efficient degradation of organic dyes in real time.
Google's Cloud Vision API is Not Robust to Noise (2017)

Google has recently introduced the Cloud Vision API for image analysis. According to the demonstration website, the API "quickly classifies images into thousands of categories, detects individual objects and faces within images, and finds and reads printed words contained within images." It can be also used to "detect different types of inappropriate content from adult to violent content." In this paper, we evaluate the robustness of Google Cloud Vision API to input perturbation. In particular, we show that by adding sufficient noise to the image, the API generates completely different outputs for the noisy image, while a human observer would perceive its original content. We show that the attack is consistently successful, by performing extensive experiments on different image types, including natural images, images containing faces and images with texts. For instance, using images from ImageNet dataset, we found that adding an average of 14.25% impulse noise is enough to deceive the API. Our findings indicate the vulnerability of the API in adversarial environments. For example, an adversary can bypass an image filtering system by adding noise to inappropriate images. We then show that when a noise filter is applied on input images, the API generates mostly the same outputs for restored images as for original images. This observation suggests that cloud vision API can readily benefit from noise filtering, without the need for updating image analysis algorithms.
Bacterial LomR Induces the Vibriophage VP882 VqmA-Directed Quorum-Sensing Lysogeny-Lysis Transition (2021)

SUMMARY The bacterial cell-cell communication process called quorum sensing enables groups of bacteria to synchronously alter behavior in response to changes in cell population density. Quorum sensing relies on the production, release, accumulation, and detection of extracellular signal molecules called autoinducers. Here, we investigate a mechanism employed by a vibriophage to surveil host quorum sensing and tune its lysogeny-lysis decision to host cell density. The phage possesses a gene called vqmA Phage encoding a quorum-sensing receptor homologous to vibrio VqmA. Both VqmA receptors can detect the host bacteria-produced autoinducer called DPO. DPO-bound VqmA Phage launches the phage lysis process. We discover that the bacterial host produces an inducer of the VqmA Phage -directed quorum-sensing lysogeny-lysis transition. Production of the inducer appears to be widespread among bacteria. A screen of the Escherichia coli Keio collection for mutants impaired for inducer production revealed lomR , located in a prophage, and encoding a poorly understood protein. In the E. coli screening strain, lomR is interrupted by DNA encoding an insertion element. The 3’ domain of this LomR protein is sufficient to induce VqmA Phage -directed lysis. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis showed that substitution at either of two key residues abrogates inducer activity. Full-length LomR is similar to the outer membrane porin OmpX in E. coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus O3:K6, and OmpT in Vibrio cholerae C6706, and indeed, OmpX and OmpT can induce VqmA Phage -directed activity. Possibly, development of the LomR, OmpX, or OmpT proteins as tools to direct phage lysis of host cells could be used to control bacteria in medical or industrial settings. ABSTRACT IMPORTANCE Bacteria communicate with chemical signal molecules using a process called quorum sensing. Quorum sensing allows bacteria to track their cell numbers and orchestrate collective behaviors. Recently, we discovered that a virus that infects and kills bacteria “eavesdrops” on its host’s quorum-sensing process. Specifically, the virus monitors host cell growth by detecting the accumulation of host quorum-sensing signal molecules. In response to the garnered quorum-sensing information, the virus kills the host bacterial cells when the bacterial population has reached a high cell density. This strategy presumably enhances transmission of viruses to new host cells. Here, we discover and characterize three closely-related bacterial host-produced proteins called LomR, OmpX, and OmpT that are capable of inducing the viral quorum-sensing-mediated killing program. Development of this class of inducer proteins as tools to drive “on demand” virus-mediated lysis of pathogenic host bacterial cells could be used to control bacteria in medical or industrial settings.
Semimicro X-ray fluorescence analysis of lunar samples (1970)

Chemical composition and reducing capacity of Apollo 11 igneous rocks, breccia and soil fines, using semimicro X ray fluorescence
8-Hydroxy-5-deazaflavin-reducing hydrogenase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum: 1. Purification and characterization (1987)

The 8-hydroxy-5-deazaflavin (coenzyme F420) reducing hydrogenase from the obligate anaerobe Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta H has been purified 41-fold to apparent homogeneity. The major active enzyme form is a high molecular weight aggregate of Mr ca. 800,000, composed of three subunits, alpha (Mr 47K), beta (Mr 31K), and gamma (Mr 26K). The hydrogenase is purified aerobically in reversibly inhibited form, and conditions for anaerobic reductive activation with H2, high salt, thiols, and electron acceptors have been defined. The minimal species transferring electrons from H2 to coenzyme F420 appears to be an alpha beta delta (Mr 115K) complex. The tightly associated redox cofactors per 115K species are 0.6-0.7 nickel atom, 0.8-0.9 flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), and 13-14 iron atoms in iron-sulfur centers. The subunits have been separated by denaturing gel electrophoresis, which has permitted determination of amino acid composition, subunit N-terminal sequencing, and preparation of subunit-directed antibodies. There is iron associated with the alpha-subunit, but placement of the nickel and FAD has not been established.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Mechanistic Study of a New Aldehyde Decarbonylation Catalyst. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
CD14 inhibition efficiently attenuates early inflammatory and hemostatic responses in Escherichia coli sepsis in pigs (2009)

Sepsis is a severe infection-induced systemic inflammatory syndrome. Inhibition of downstream inflammatory mediators of sepsis, e.g., TNF-alpha, has failed in clinical trials. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inhibiting CD14, a key upstream innate immunity molecule, on the early inflammatory and hemostatic responses in a pig model of gram-negative sepsis. The study comprised two arms, whole live Escherichia coli bacteria and E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (n=25 and n=9 animals, respectively). The animals were allocated into treatment (anti-CD14) and control (IgG isotype or saline) groups. Inflammatory, hemostatic, physiological, and microbiological parameters were measured. The proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8, but not the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, were efficiently inhibited by anti-CD14. Furthermore, anti-CD14 preserved the leukocyte count and significantly reduced granulocyte enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-9 release and expression of the granulocyte membrane activation molecule wCD11R3 (pig CD11b). The hemostatic markers thrombin-antithrombin III complexes and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly attenuated. Anti-CD14 did not affect LPS or E. coli DNA levels. This study documents that CD14 inhibition efficiently attenuates the proinflammatory cytokine response and granulocyte activation and reverses the procoagulant state but does not interfere with LPS levels or bacterial counts in E. coli-induced sepsis.-Thorgersen, E. B., Hellerud, B. C., Nielsen, E. W., Barratt-Due, A., Fure, H., Lindstad, J. K., Pharo, A., Fosse, E., Tønnessen, T. I., Johansen, H. T., Castellheim, A., Mollnes, T. E. CD14 inhibition efficiently attenuates early inflammatory and hemostatic responses in Escherichia coli sepsis in pigs.
Analysis of UAV Communications in Cell-Free Massive MIMO Systems (2020)

We study support for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communications through a cell-free massive MIMO architecture, wherein a large number of access points (APs) is deployed in place of large co-located massive MIMO arrays. We consider also a variation of the pure cell-free architecture by applying a user-centric association approach, where each user is served only from a subset of APs in the network. Under the general assumption that the propagation channel between the mobile stations, either UAVs or ground users (GUEs), and the APs follows a Ricean distribution, we derive closed form spectral efficiency lower bounds for uplink and downlink with linear minimum mean square error channel estimation. We consider several power allocation and user scheduling strategies for such a system, and, among these, also minimum-rate maximizing power allocation strategies to improve the system fairness. Our numerical results reveal that cell-free massive MIMO architecture and its low-complexity user-centric alternative may provide better performance than a traditional multi-cell massive MIMO network deployment.
Compressive Properties of Porous Aluminum Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing Route without the Use of Blowing Agent Using Aluminum Alloy Die Castings (2010)

Porous aluminum was fabricated without the use of a blowing agent by friction stir processing using the gases contained in ADC12 aluminum alloy die-casting plates. The compressive properties of the obtained porous aluminum were investigated. It was shown that a compressive test specimen with a porosity of approximately 70% was obtained that had pores with a relatively small area and high sphericity. Porous aluminum fabricated without the use of a blowing agent exhibited brittle fracture at a relatively high plateau stress and high absorption energy compared with those of ALPORAS.
Nanoparticules pour la délivrance cérébrale de principes actifs ou d’agents de contraste. Application à la maladie d’Alzheimer (2012)

The treatment and the diagnosis of brain diseases like Alzheimer's are nowadays a real challenge. In fact the brain delivery of drugs or contrast agents is very difficult due to the low permeability of the blood brain barrier (BBB) which is situated in brain capillaries and assures a high protection of the brain against exogenous molecules or particles. Among the different strategies that have been proposed to increase the passage of drugs through the barrier, a non-invasive one is based on the use of colloidal carriers called nanoparticles. These nanometric objects chosen for their biocompatibility and biodegradation exhibit several fates and distributions according to their composition and structures, defining the three generations of nanoparticles described up to now. The application of nanoparticles to the treatment and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is actually investigated in a European project. Recent studies reveal that more than 3 million people in Europe are afflicted with Alzheimer's disease. New treatments are urgently needed, as are diagnostic tests that can detect the disease earlier. The strategies developed in this project are based on the design of new carriers able to pass through the BBB and to interact with β-amyloid peptide in order to (1) detect already formed brain plaques, aiming to diagnose the disease and (2) avoid peptide aggregation which is toxic for neurons, for the purpose of discovering a new therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.