gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
0411 Unsteady Flow Phenomena at Impeller Stall Condition of a Transonic Centrifugal Compressor with Vaneless Diffuser (2013)

Transonic centrifugal compressor impellers for automotive turbochargers operate from near surge limit to choke limit. In order to improve operating range of compressors, it is indispensable to understand flow physics of unsteady flow phenomena at off-design condition. In this study, the unsteady flow phenomena in a transonic centrifugal compressor impeller at impeller stall condition have been investigated by DES(Detached Eddy Simulation). The numerical simulation results showed that shock-vortex interaction generated large low speed regions in the impeller and the low speed regions make unsteady flow field at the near disturbance onset point. At the disturbance onset point, due to the tip leakage spiral-type vortex breakdown, unsteadiness appeared in the vortical structures. Moreover, at the developed disturbance point, low speed regions rotated in the impeller with time.
The First Hydroxylated Archazolid from the Myxobacterium Cystobacter violaceus: Isolation, Structural Elucidation and V‐ATPase Inhibition. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A fundamental investigation of cross-linking efficiencies within discrete nanostructures, using the cross-linker as a reporting molecule (2009)

Various bi-functional pyrazine-based chromophores were used as cross-linkers to probe directly the efficiencies of their incorporation into the shell of block copolymer micelles. In addition, the block copolymer micelles were made to carry pre-installed reactive functionalities along the central block of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer. Unique photo-physical characteristics were observed, depending upon the type of pyrazine cross-linker, the conditions used for cross-linking and the stoichiometries applied.
Seeing through the interface: poly(ε-Caprolactone) surface modification of poly(glycerol-co-sebacic acid) membranes in adult porcine retinal explants (2016)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the adhesion properties and tissue reactions in an in vitro model of nanofabricated membranes emulating the vitreous cortex. Electrospinning was performed for either 5, 10 or 15 min to create various thicknesses of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibre mats on a poly(glycerol-co-sebacic acid) (PGS) surface. These were fused with adult porcine retinal explants, with the fibre side facing the inner retina, and cultured for 5 days. Adherence was assessed by macroscopic inspection, and morphological and immunohistochemical analysis was performed using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and markers for photoreceptors and Müller glia (recoverin, NeuN, vimentin and GFAP). TUNEL labelling was performed to assess apoptosis. Five minute specimens displayed poor adherence with an overall structure, apoptosis and photoreceptor and ganglion cell morphology comparable to that of the culture controls, whereas 10 min specimens showed improved neuronal survival; 15 min composite explants adhered only at focal points, were thin and showed extensive degenerative damage. The physical composition of nanofibre meshes is important for adhesion to the inner retina and has a significant impact on neuronal and glial survival in vitro. The results bearing on research involving retinal transplantation are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of Analytic and Experimental Uncertainty of RNA-seq Co-expression Network Determination: Application to SCA2 (2020)

Bioinformatics sequencing pipelines produce results that contain a degree of uncertainty which stem from a variety of sources. For example, uncertainty can arise from sampling bias during sample preparation, sequencing platform bias, alignment errors and/or mathematical uncertainty from algorithmic assumptions. While these sources are well-known, few studies exist on the overall quantitative determination of this uncertainty. Here, we report on a formal approach to characterize the effect of uncertainty on a published Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type2 (SCA2) co-expression network analysis and show how the method can be extended to other bioinformatics pipelines.To quantify the effect of uncertainty, we used a RNA sequencing dataset from a previously published study examining important hub genes and pathways in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type2 (SCA2). We systematically built 108 network analysis pipelines using three annotation databases, six alignment tools and six well-established normalization methods. We show low concordance in hub gene analysis, with few genes being identified in over 90% of all pipelines and no functional enrichment terms in all pipelines. Assessing the pipelines in aggregate, we find a new set of frequently occurring hub genes that were not identified in the original analysis. Finally, we quantify the effect of raw experimental uncertainty using estimated variations of gene expression and Monte Carlo simulations. We show that this uncertainty also can significantly affect subnetwork clustering which impacts hub gene and enrichment analysis.Our results suggest that best-practice guidelines and methodologies for uncertainty quantification are needed to create more reliable and reproducible analytical conclusions when determining co-expression.
Selection for Cold Germination in Two Corn Populations1 (1979)

Tolerance of corn ( Zea mays L.) to low temperature conditions after planting requires rapid germination, vigorous seedling growth, and resistance to disease and insect pests. A selection scheme designed to improve cold tolerance in breeding material was initiated in two breeding populations, Iowa Stiff Stalk Synthetic (SSCG) and Pioneer Cold Tolerant Synthetic (CTCG). Laboratory and field selection were employed in the procedure. Seedlings developed from the first seeds to germinate at 7.2 C in the laboratory (20% selected) were transplanted to the field, selected for agronomic traits, and self‐pollinated. The selfed progenies were recombined in winter nurseries to initiate the next cycle of selection in the laboratory. Regression analyses of the four cycles of selection indicated that cold germination under laboratory conditions (7.2 C) improved 8.8 and 9.9% per cycle in CTCG and SSCG, respectively. In the field, however, little improvement was observed in emergence or seedling vigor. The lack of correlation between laboratory and field results for these cold‐tolerant traits was attributed to mild spring weather during the 2 years of evaluation. Selection for germination at cold temperatures did not have any detrimental effects on other agronomic traits measured in the populations.
Proton-implantation-induced nanosized Ge crystal formation in SiO2:GeO2 glasses (1996)

Nanometer-sized crystalline Ge colloid particles in 9SiO2–1GeO2 glasses were formed by implantation of protons at 1.5 MeV without post-thermal annealing. Although oxygen-deficient type point defects associated with Ge ions were primarily formed to fluences ≲1×1017 cm−2, the formation of Ge fine crystalline particles was observed for fluences ≳5×1017 cm−2. No formation of Ge colloids and the Ge-related point defects were noted for implantation of 1.5 MeV He+ to a fluence of 1×1018 cm−2. The depth of Ge colloid formation layers was 22–26 μm from the implanted surface. This depth region agreed well with the peak region of electronic energy deposition. Ge–OH groups were formed preferentially over Si–OH groups upon implantation of protons and the decay curve upon isochronal annealing was close to that of the optical absorption at ∼3 eV, which was attributed to nanometer-sized Ge. A red photoluminescence peaking at ∼1.9 eV was observed for all the implanted substrates. A tentative formation mechanism of Ge colloids in these glasses was proposed.
Experimental Demonstration of Guiding and Bending of Electromagnetic Waves in a Photonic Crystal (1998)

The routing and interconnection of optical signals through narrow channels and around sharp corners are important for large-scale all-optical circuit applications. A recent computational result suggests that photonic crystals may offer a novel way of achieving this goal by providing a mechanism for guiding light that is fundamentally different from traditional index guiding. Waveguiding in a photonic crystal and near 100 percent transmission of electromagnetic waves around sharp 90 degree corners were observed experimentally. Bending radii were made smaller than one wavelength.
Supplemental Methods from New DNA Methylation Markers for Pancreatic Cancer: Discovery, Tissue Validation, and Pilot Testing in Pancreatic Juice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Methods. Supplemental methods of DNA extraction and quantitative methylation specific polymerase chain reaction&lt;/p&gt;
Well Adherent Diamond Coatings on Steel Substrates (2008)

CVD-diamond deposition onto steel substrates has been an important aim of research projects. The combination of the unique surface properties of diamond with steel as the most common substrate material would generate a new solution for machine parts with extreme loads by friction and wear. In this work the influence of diamond deposition temperature in a Hot-Filament Chemical Vapour Deposition (HFCVD) process onto the adhesion of the diamond layer is presented.
Intravenous administration of L-tryptophan stimulates gastrointestinal hormones and melatonin secretions: study on beef cattle (2019)

This study aimed to determine the effective dose of intravenous administration of L-tryptophan (L-T) on gastrointestinal hormones (GIH) secretions and melatonin using Hanwoo cattle. Three steers (362 ± 23 kg) fitted with indwelling jugular vein catheters were assigned in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments were intravenous administration of saline (control), 28.9 mg L-T/kg body weight (BW; low) and 57.8 mg L-T/kg BW (high) L-T for 1 day with 7 days of adaptation. Samples were collected after adaptation period at -60, 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240, and 300 min of sampling day. The levels of serum cholecystokinin (CCK) and secretin were higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the high L-T group than those in the other groups. Serum Melatonin (MEL) levels were increased upon L-T administration (<i>p</i> < 0.05) in the high L-T group. Taken together, the effective dose of L-T administration was defined at 57.8 mg L-T/kg BW in order to stimulate increase of GIH and MEL.
On the Coexistence of Overlapping BSSs in WLANs (2007)

In this paper, we investigate the issue of 20/40 MHz coexistence in next generation wireless local area networks (WLAN). To that end, we present simulation results of overlapping basic service sets (BSSs) an 802.11n BSS operating in 20/40 MHz mode and a legacy BSS operating in 20 MHz channel. Our results show that if clear channel assessment (CCA) is not used in the overlapping channel; i.e., the 20 MHz channel used by both BSSs, the throughput in legacy BSS falls to zero, while the throughput of 802.11n BSS decreases dramatically. If CCA is used in the overlapping channel, the throughput of both, legacy and 802.11n BSS increases compared to the earlier case. When devices operating in 20/40 MHz BSS are able to dynamically switch between 20 and 40 MHz transmissions and in addition, CCA is used in the overlapping channel, the throughput of both BSSs further increases. Reducing transmission opportunity (TXOP) interval for 40 MHz transmissions also improves fairness and throughput for legacy BSSs.
Beneficial effects of a GIP mimetic on bone material properties (2014)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences on calcified tissues ISSN 2052-1219 (online)
Citric Acid Based Pre-SEI for Improvement of Silicon Electrodes in Lithium Ion Batteries (2018)

Silicon electrodes are of interest to the lithium ion battery industry due to high gravimetric capacity (~3580 mAh/g), natural abundance, and low toxicity. However, the process of alloying and dealloying during cell cycling, causes the silicon particles to undergo a dramatic volume change of approximately 280% which leads to electrolyte consumption, pulverization of the electrode, and poor cycling. In this study, the formation of an ex-situ artificial SEI on the silicon nanoparticles with citric acid has been investigated. Citric acid (CA) which was previously used as a binder for silicon electrodes was used to modify the surface of the nanoparticles to generate an artificial SEI, which could inhibit electrolyte decomposition on the surface of the silicon nanoparticles. The results suggest improved capacity retention of ~60% after 50 cycles for the surface modified silicon electrodes compared to 45% with the surface unmodified electrode. Similar improvements in capacity retention are observed upon citric acid surface modification for silicon graphite composite/ LiCoO<sub>2</sub> cells.
An integrated multi-omic analysis of iPSC-derived motor neurons from C9ORF72 ALS patients (2021)

Neurodegenerative diseases are challenging for systems biology because of the lack of reliable animal models or patient samples at early disease stages. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could address these challenges. We investigated DNA, RNA, epigenetics, and proteins in iPSC-derived motor neurons from patients with ALS carrying hexanucleotide expansions in <i>C9ORF72</i>. Using integrative computational methods combining all omics datasets, we identified novel and known dysregulated pathways. We used a <i>C9ORF72</i> Drosophila model to distinguish pathways contributing to disease phenotypes from compensatory ones and confirmed alterations in some pathways in postmortem spinal cord tissue of patients with ALS. A different differentiation protocol was used to derive a separate set of <i>C9ORF72</i> and control motor neurons. Many individual -omics differed by protocol, but some core dysregulated pathways were consistent. This strategy of analyzing patient-specific neurons provides disease-related outcomes with small numbers of heterogeneous lines and reduces variation from single-omics to elucidate network-based signatures.
The Effect of Oral and Vaginal Administration of Synthetic LH-RH and [D-ALA6, DES GLY10-NH2]-LH-RH Ethylamide on Serum LH Levels in Ovariectomized, Steroid Blocked Rats (1975)

Effects of oral and vaginal administration of LH-RH and [D-ALa-6, DesGly-10-NH2i1-LH-RH ethylamide (D-Ala-6-LH-RH-EA) on serum LH levels in ovariectomized, estrogen, progesterone treated rats were investigated. Oral administration of synthetic LH-RH induced a quick rise of serum LH levels with the greatest elevation at 15 min at any dose levels tested. On the other hand, oral administration of D-Ala-6-LH-RH-EA resulted in a slow but progressive rise of LH during 120 min of observation. The total amount of LH released by 10 mug of the analog was much greater than the total released by 1000 mug of LH-RH. Vaginal administration of 100 mug of LH-RH mixed with Carbowax induced a progressive rise of LHwhich was indistinguishable from that following 10 mug of the analogue, suggesting that the potency of the analogue is 10 times greater than that of LH-RH for vaginal administration. Ten mug of LH-RH given through the vagina induced a rapid rise of LH with the peak at 15 min, whereas 1 mug of the analog induced a slow but progressive rise. Greater resistance of D-Ala-6-LH-RH-EA than LH-RH against in vivo breakdown is postulated as one of the causes of greater and prolonged LH release by the former.
Recent trends within insulation systems for transmission and distribution apparatus (2002)

High voltage equipment used in the generation and transmission of electric power is continuously being developed in order to reduce production cost, improve efficiency, and more recently to minimize environmental impact. Insulation systems used in such apparatus are most definitely addressed and major changes are being seen. One major step in development has been the introduction of gas-insulated apparatus in recent years. Recently more and more attention is being paid to SF/sub 6/ recycling and reuse, in attempts to reduce the environmental impact. Meanwhile, new gas-mixtures and hybrid insulation, such as gas/polymer insulation systems, are being developed as alternatives. In another even more recent development, the mica/epoxy insulation that has been used in rotating machines and the oil/cellulose based insulation that has been used in transformers for over 100 years is now being replaced by a new concept from ABB using high voltage cable. Two new products have been recently launched: Powerformer/sup TM/, a new generator that can be directly connected to the transmission network and an oil free power transformer, Dryformer/sup TM/.
A fast exact least mean square adaptive algorithm (1992)

A general block formulation of the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm for adaptive filtering is presented. This formulation has an exact equivalence with the original LMS algorithm; hence it retains its convergence properties, while allowing a reduction in arithmetic complexity, even for very small block lengths. Working with small block lengths is interesting from an implementation point of view (large blocks result in large memory and large system delay) and allows a significant reduction in the number of operations. Tradeoffs between a number of operations and a convergence rate are obtainable by applying certain approximations to a matrix involved in the algorithm. Hence, the usual block LMS appears as a special case, which explains its convergence behavior according to the type of input signal (correlated or uncorrelated).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Heterobimetallic hydrogen transfer in the reduction of metal acyl complexes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterobimetallic hydrogen transfer in the reduction of metal acyl complexesJohn A. Marsella and Kenneth G. CaultonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 5, 1747–1748Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00525a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00525a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nonsurgical Interventions for Peyronie's Disease: Update as of 2016 (2016)

Peyronie's disease (PD) is a debilitating condition of the penis that leads to significant pain, erectile dysfunction, and emotional distress in men. PD is likely underreported due to lack of knowledge of the disease and the absence of well-established available treatments. Surgical treatment can lead to sustained improvements, but is often associated with penile shortening and places the patient at risk for perioperative morbidity. Nonsurgical management has been studied for several years as an alternative to surgery for men with PD. Currently, much of the data on nonsurgical management is conflicting, with only one treatment that has been recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Significant effort has been devoted to advancing non-surgical treatments for PD that can be implemented outside of the operating room. This review aims to describe the research behind current nonsurgical therapies for PD and to highlight the recent advances that have been made within the last three years.
Toll-like receptor ligands differentially activate human innate immune system and distinctively enhance antigen-specific T cell response to vaccination in humanized mice (VAC4P.1105) (2015)

Abstract TLR-Ls represent a new class of novel vaccine adjuvant. However, their immunologic effects in humans remain poorly defined in vivo. Here we investigated how TLR-Ls stimulated human immune system in vivo and their application as immune adjuvant using the humanized mouse model. To our surprise, we found that various TLR-Ls (CpG-A/CpG-B/CpG-C, R848, R837, MPLA and Poly I:C) stimulated human cytokines very differently in humanized mice in vivo compared to that in human PBMCs in vitro. The different in vivo response to TLR-Ls was not due to the improper development of human immune cells in vivo because splenocytes from humanized mice showed identical responses as human PBMC in vitro to various TLR-Ls. Importantly, the human innate immune response to specific TLR-Ls in humanized mice in vivo was different from that reported in C57/BL6 mice, but similar to that reported in nonhuman primates. Furthermore, we showed that distinct TLR-Ls differentially activated and mobilized human pDCs, mDCs and monocytes in different organs in vivo. Finally, we showed that Poly I:C and R848 were superior to CpG-B, for enhancing antigen specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses to a CD40-targeting HIV candidate vaccine in humanized mice, which correlated with their ability to activate human CD141+ mDCs and IL-12 induction. Thus, we conclude that humanized mice serve as a highly relevant model to evaluate and rank the human immunologic effects of novel adjuvants in vivo prior to testing in humans.
Effect of Sucrose Octanoate on Survival of Nymphal and Adult <I>Diaphorina citri</I> (Homoptera: Psyllidae) (2004)

Asian citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Homoptera: Psyllidae) was detected for the first time in the United States near Delray Beach, FL, on 2 June 1998 and is continuing to spread and multiply throughout southern Florida. This psyllid is the vector of Liberobacter asiaticum, a phloem-limited bacterium that causes citrus greening disease. This pathogen has not been found in the Western Hemisphere to date. Furthermore, high infestation levels of D. citri can impact citrus plant health, fruit quality, or yield. Replicated laboratory and spray booth bioassays were conducted to determine the insecticidal activity of a synthetic analog of natural sugar esters found in leaf trichomes of wild tobacco, Nicotiatna gossei Domin, to nymphal and adult D. citri. Field trials were initiated in Fort Pierce, FL, in 2000 to determine activity of the sugar ester formulation (sucrose octanoate) on D. citri and other citrus pests, including immature Asian citrus leafminer, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton and mites. Sucrose octanoate rates tested ranged from 400 to 8000 ppm (0.1-2% formulated product). Our data suggest that both nymphal and adult D. citri as well as the mite complex tested would be equally controlled to levels of >90% at the higher concentrations of sucrose octanoate and that good coverage is key to efficacy.