gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Intrusive Signal Analysis for Room Adaptation of ASR Models (2022)

We present a new deep-learning-based non-intrusive signal assessment method (NISA+) that performs a joint estimation of a large set of speech signal parameters, including those related to reverberation (C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> , DRR, reflection coefficient and room volume), background noise (SNR), perceptual speech quality (PESQ), speech intelligibility (ESTOI), voice activity detection, and speech coding (codec presence and bitrate). We show that neural embedding based combination of spectral features with an LSTM and modulation features with a convolution neural network enable NISA+ to achieve state of the art performance. Particularly, for non-intrusive PESQ and C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</inf> estimation, we show around 15% relative reduction in estimation error compared to our previous best results. We also show that NISA+ can be used to perform targeted data augmentation for generating training data for ASR that matches the signal characteristics extracted from a small sample of data recorded in a target room acoustic environment. We show that a 9.6% word error rate reduction can be achieved relative to an ASR model trained with random augmentation.
Effective Thermal Inactivation of the Spores of Bacillus cereus Biofilms Using Microwave (2017)

Microwave sterilization was performed to inactivate the spores of biofilms of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> involved in foodborne illness. The sterilization conditions, such as the amount of water and the operating temperature and treatment time, were optimized using statistical analysis based on 15 runs of experimental results designed by the Box-Behnken method. Statistical analysis showed that the optimal conditions for the inactivation of <i>B. cereus</i> biofilms were 14 ml of water, 108°C of temperature, and 15 min of treatment time. Interestingly, response surface plots showed that the amount of water is the most important factor for microwave sterilization under the present conditions. Complete inactivation by microwaves was achieved in 5 min, and the inactivation efficiency by microwave was obviously higher than that by conventional steam autoclave. Finally, confocal laser scanning microscopy images showed that the principal effect of microwave treatment was cell membrane disruption. Thus, this study can contribute to the development of a process to control food-associated pathogens.
Electroluminescence from Solution-Processed Pinhole-Free Nanometer-Thickness Layers of Conjugated Polymers (2018)

We report the formation of robust, reproducible, pinhole-free, thin layers of fluorinated polyfluorene conjugated copolymers on a range of polymeric underlayers via a simple solution processing method. This is driven by the different characters of the fluorinated and nonfluorinated sections of these polymers. Photothermal deflection spectroscopy is used to determine that these layers are 1-2 nm thick, corresponding to a molecularly thin layer. Evidence that these layers are continuous and pinhole-free is provided by electroluminescence data from polymer LED devices that incorporate these layers within the stacked LED structure. These reveal, remarkably, light emission solely from these molecularly thin layers.
Approaching the full octave: Noncollinear optical parametric chirped pulse amplification with two-color pumping (2011)

We present a new method to broaden the amplification range in optical parametric amplification toward the bandwidth needed for single cycle femtosecond pulses. Two-color pumping of independent stages is used to sequentially amplify the long and short wavelength parts of the ultrabroadband seed pulses. The concept is tested in two related experiments. With multi-mJ pumping pulses with a nearly octave spanning spectrum and an uncompressed energy of 3 mJ are generated at low repetition rate. The spectral phase varies slowly and continuously in the overlap region as shown with 100 kHz repetition rate. This should allow the compression to the Fourier limit of below 5 fs in the high energy system. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America
Evolution of the Thienopyridine Class of Inhibitors of IκB Kinase-β:  Part I:  Hit-to-Lead Strategies (2006)

High-throughput screening is routinely employed as a method for the identification of novel hit structures. Large numbers of active compounds are typically procured in this way and must undergo a rigorous validation process. This process is described in detail for a collection of screening hits identified as inhibitors of IkappaB kinase-beta (IKKbeta), a key regulatory enzyme in the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. From these studies, a promising hit series was selected. Subsequent lead generation activities included the development of a pharmacophore hypothesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the hit series. This led to the exploration of related scaffolds offering additional opportunities, and the various structural classes were comparatively evaluated for enzyme inhibition, selectivity, and drug-like properties. A novel lead series of thienopyridines was thereby established, and this series advanced into lead optimization for further development.
Resolution-adaptive face alignment with head pose correction (2015)

Faces often appear very small and oriented in surveillance videos because of the need of wide fields of view and typically a large distance between the cameras and the scene. Both low resolution and side-view faces make tasks such as face recognition difficult. As a result, face hallucination or super-resolution techniques of face images are generally needed, which has become a thriving research field. However, most existing methods assume face images have been well aligned into some canonical form (i.e. frontal, symmetric). Therefore, face alignment, especially for low-resolution face images, is a key and first step to the success of many face applications. In this paper, we propose an auto alignment approach for face images at different resolution, which consist of two fundamental steps: 1) To find the locations of facial landmarks or feature points (i.e. eyes, nose, and etc.) even for very low resolution faces; 2) To estimate and correct head poses based on the landmark locations and a 3D reference face model. The effectiveness of this method is shown by the aligned face images and the improved face recognition score on released data sets.
Re‐engineering the μ‐conotoxin SIIIA scaffold (2013)

Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels are responsible for generation and propagation of action potentials throughout the nervous system. Their malfunction causes several disorders and chronic conditions including neuropathic pain. Potent subtype specific ligands are essential for deciphering the molecular mechanisms of Nav channel function and development of effective therapeutics. µ-Conotoxin SIIIA is a potent mammalian Nav 1.2 channel blocker that exhibits analgesic activity in rodents. We undertook to reengineer loop 1 through a strategy involving charge alterations and truncations which led to the development of µ-SIIIA mimetics with novel selectivity profiles. A novel [N5K/D15A]SIIIA(3-20) mutant with enhanced net positive charge showed a dramatic increase in its Nav 1.2 potency (IC50 of 0.5 nM vs. 9.6 nM for native SIIIA) though further truncations led to loss of potency. Unexpectedly, it appears that SIIIA loop 1 significantly influences its Nav channel interactions despite loop 2 and 3 residues constituting the pharmacophore. This minimal functional conotoxin scaffold may allow further development of selective NaV blockers.
Location Leakage in Federated Signal Maps (2023)

We consider the problem of predicting cellular network performance (signal maps) from measurements collected by several mobile devices. We formulate the problem within the online federated learning framework: (i) federated learning (FL) enables users to collaboratively train a model, while keeping their training data on their devices; (ii) measurements are collected as users move around over time and are used for local training in an online fashion. We consider an honest-but-curious server, who observes the updates from target users participating in FL and infers their location using a deep leakage from gradients (DLG) type of attack, originally developed to reconstruct training data of DNN image classifiers. We make the key observation that a DLG attack, applied to our setting, infers the average location of a batch of local data, and can thus be used to reconstruct the target users' trajectory at a coarse granularity. We build on this observation to protect location privacy, in our setting, by revisiting and designing mechanisms within the federated learning framework including: tuning the FL parameters for averaging, curating local batches so as to mislead the DLG attacker, and aggregating across multiple users with different trajectories. We evaluate the performance of our algorithms through both analysis and simulation based on real-world mobile datasets, and we show that they achieve a good privacy-utility tradeoff.
Active Targeted Macrophage-mediated Delivery of Catalase to Affected Brain Regions in Models of Parkinson?s Disease (2011)

We previously demonstrated that monocyte-macrophage based drug delivery can be applied to a spectrum of infectious, neoplastic, and degenerative disorders. In particular, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) loaded with nano formulated catalase, "nanozyme", were shown to attenuate neuro inflammation and nigrostriatal degeneration in rodent models of Parkinson's disease (PD). Nonetheless, the pharmacokinetics and biodistribution of BMM-incorporated nanozyme has not been explored. To this end, we now demonstrate that BMM, serving as a "depot" for nanozyme, increased area under the curve(AUC), half-life, and mean residence time in blood circulation of the protein when compared to the nanozyme administered alone. Accordingly, bioavailability of the nanozyme for the brain, spleen, kidney, and liver was substantially increased. Importantly, nanozyme-loaded BMM targeted diseased sites and improved transport across the blood brain barrier. This was seen specifically in affected brain subregions in models of PD. Engaging natural immune cells such as monocyte-macrophages as drug carriers provides a new perspective for therapeutic delivery for PD and also likely a range of other inflammatory and degenerative diseases.
Polymerization of o-Quinodimethanes Bearing Electron-Donating Groups in Situ Formed by Thermal Isomerization of Benzocyclobutenes (1997)

The substituent effect on the polymerization of o-quinodimethanes generated by thermal isomerization of benzocyclobutenes and the reaction of the obtained polymer is described. Polymerizations of 1-methoxybenzocyclobutene (1), 1-acetoxy benzocyclobutene (2), 1-hydroxybenzocyclobutene (3), and 1-((trimethylsilyl)oxy)benzocyclobutene (4) as benzocyclobutenes bearing electron-donating groups were examined. Although polymerization of 2 and 3 did not afford any polymer, polymerization of 1 and 4 in the presence of a radical initiator gave MeOH-insoluble polymer (Mn = 5000−11000) in moderate yields at temperatures above 90 °C, respectively. The structures of the obtained polymers were confirmed to be ring-opened polymer (5, 6) by IR, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR. The yield of the polymer increased with increase of the concentration of the initiator. This polymerization was supported to proceed based on the driving force of aromatization stabilizing effect by semiempirical calculation. Radical copolymerizations of 1 with vinyl monomers were carried out to obtain the corresponding copolymers. Lastly, treatment of 3 with p-toluenesulfonic acid (10%) gave poly(o-phenylenevinylene) (7) quantitatively and its properties (UV absorption, Tg, Td10 (10% weight loss temperature)) were estimated.
Safety of Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation in Clinical Practice (2015)

VT ablation-associated AE rates in clinical practice are similar to those reported in the literature. Over time rates have increased as have the number of AE risk factors per patient. Ablations done electively and at hospitals with higher procedural volume are associated with lower incidence of AEs.
81‐5: Late‐News Paper: Pb‐free Blue‐emitting 0D Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 with High PLQY of ~90% (2019)

Recently, perovskites such as CsPbX 3 (X=Cl,Br,I) are promising for optoelectronic devices. However, there are still critical issues that hinder their practical use: one is the toxicity of lead (Pb) and the other one is low PLQY due to small exciton binding energy. To solve these problems, we explored new metal halide luminescent materials. Here, we broadened a perspective into copper halide based materials with low‐dimensional electronic structures. Consequently, we newly found a solutionprocessable 0D Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 that exhibits blue emission (~445 nm) and significantly high PLQY s; ~90% and ~60% for single crystal and thin films, respectively. In this paper, we also report electroluminescence (EL) device using 0D Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 thin films.
Dynamic color in stimuli-responsive cholesteric liquid crystals (2010)

ROY G. BIV is the acronym used around the English-speaking world to aid children in the memorization of the traditional colors of the rainbow (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet). Color surrounds us and the ability to change color by external stimuli (heat, force, light exposure, magnetic or electric field) continues to be leveraged for many present day applications. This review focuses on the state of the art in the use of cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) as color changing optical materials. After a brief summary of thermal and electrically induced color changes, the bulk of the article describes recent efforts in photoresponsive CLCs, materials in which light is used to control the color output.
VIBE: Video Inference for Human Body Pose and Shape Estimation (2020)

Human motion is fundamental to understanding behavior. Despite progress on single-image 3D pose and shape estimation, existing video-based state-of-the-art methods fail to produce accurate and natural motion sequences due to a lack of ground-truth 3D motion data for training. To address this problem, we propose "Video Inference for Body Pose and Shape Estimation'' (VIBE), which makes use of an existing large-scale motion capture dataset (AMASS) together with unpaired, in-the-wild, 2D keypoint annotations. Our key novelty is an adversarial learning framework that leverages AMASS to discriminate between real human motions and those produced by our temporal pose and shape regression networks. We define a novel temporal network architecture with a self-attention mechanism and show that adversarial training, at the sequence level, produces kinematically plausible motion sequences without in-the-wild ground-truth 3D labels. We perform extensive experimentation to analyze the importance of motion and demonstrate the effectiveness of VIBE on challenging 3D pose estimation datasets, achieving state-of-the-art performance. Code and pretrained models are available at https://github.com/mkocabas/VIBE
Folding of an antibody variable domain in two functional conformations in vitro: calorimetric and spectroscopic study of the anti-ferritin antibody VL domain (2007)

Understanding refolding pathways of recombinant antibody fragments is essential for efficient production of these proteins of high biomedical significance. The recombinant VL domain of mouse anti-human ferritin antibody F11 formed two distinct functional conformations obtained by refolding from bacterial inclusion bodies using two different procedures. Involvement of a dialysis step at pH 2-3 resulted in the VL-1 conformation with fluorescence of the highly conserved Trp-35 residue quenched by the spatially proximal disulfide bond. This conformation was identical to the 'native' VL domain folded in host cells and purified from the cytoplasm. In the absence of the acidic dialysis step, the VL domain adopted a previously unreported conformation, VL-2, that demonstrated prominent fluorescence due to a local structural disorder around Trp-35. Furthermore, VL-2 showed changes in secondary structure and significantly lower stability as determined by differential scanning calorimetry and denaturant-induced unfolding. While more flexible VL-2 binds human ferritin both in solution and after surface adsorption of the antibody domain, the VL-1 conformer needs an adsorption-induced conformational change to allow the access of ferritin to the antigen-binding site. Noteworthy, the two macroscopic conformations constitute kinetically trapped dimers and do not interconvert at elevated temperatures (3 weeks at 37 degrees C or 15 min at 60 degrees C), which indicates a high energetic barrier between them. As a major finding, this paper provides the first description for two stable and functional conformations of an antibody domain.
LiquID (2018)

This paper shows the feasibility of identifying liquids by shining ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless signals through them. The core opportunity arises from the fact that wireless signals experience distinct slow-down and attenuation when passing through a liquid, manifesting in the phase, strength, and propagation delay of the outgoing signal. While this intuition is simple, building a robust system entails numerous challenges, including (1) pico-second scale time of flight estimation, (2) coping with integer ambiguity due to phase wraps, (3) pollution from hardware noise and multipath, and (4) compensating for the liquid-container's impact on the measurements. We address these challenges through multiple stages of signal processing without relying on any feature extraction or machine learning. Instead, we model the behavior of radio signals inside liquids (using principles of physics), and estimate the liquid's permittivity, which in turn identifies the liquid. Experiments across 33 different liquids (spread over the whole permittivity spectrum) show median permittivity error of 9%. This implies that coke can be discriminated from diet coke or pepsi, whole milk from 2% milk, and distilled water from saline water. Our end system, LiquID, is cheap, non-invasive, and amenable to real-world applications.
Blue‐Emitting Heteroleptic Iridium(III) Complexes Suitable for High‐Efficiency Phosphorescent OLEDs (2007)

In der Wolle gefärbt blau: Blau phosphoreszierende organische Leuchtdioden wurden mit einem IrIII-Dotierungsmittel hergestellt (siehe Bild; grau C, blau N, rot Ir, grün F). Im Ir-Komplex ist der Metall-Ligand-Charge-Transfer-Beitrag größer und damit die Strahlungslebensdauer des angeregten Zustands kürzer. Die maximale äußere Quantenausbeute der Funktionseinheit ist 8.5 %, und die Hauptemission liegt bei etwa 450 nm. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z604733_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Herbicides with Bleaching Properties (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Phytoene Desaturase Inhibitors Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase (HPPD): The Herbicide Target Triketones Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase (HPPD) Inhibitors: Heterocycles References
DC blocking capacitor interfacing for high speed communication buses (2017)

This paper studies integration aspects of DC blocking capacitors in differential high speed bus channels. The presence of a DC blocking capacitor in the signal path can present an impedance mismatched medium which can lead to signal degradation. Integrating the capacitor to minimize impedance mismatches becomes of high importance. The differential impedance of a micro-strip differential pair is evaluated in simulation under different physical design conditions. Additionally, test vehicle measurements for a variety of capacitor test sites with different characteristics including: package size, voiding scenarios under capacitor pads/packages and wiring layers for traces to the capacitors has been designed and fabricated. The test sites are measured up to 20GHz using a VNA and their results are discussed. Also, several of the test sites are simulated in order to validate the modelling method for future design analysis purposes.
Myeloid-specificAcat1ablation attenuates inflammatory responses in macrophages, improves insulin sensitivity, and suppresses diet-induced obesity (2018)

Macrophages are phagocytes that play important roles in health and diseases. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase 1 (ACAT1) converts cellular cholesterol to cholesteryl esters and is expressed in many cell types. Unlike global Acat1 knockout (KO), myeloid-specific Acat1 KO ( Acat1<sup>-</sup>) does not cause overt abnormalities in mice. Here, we performed analyses in age- and sex-matched Acat1<sup>-</sup><sup>M/</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>M</sup> and wild-type mice on chow or Western diet and discovered that Acat1<sup>-</sup><sup>M/</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>M</sup> mice exhibit resistance to Western diet-induced obesity. On both chow and Western diets, Acat1<sup>-</sup><sup>M/</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>M</sup> mice display decreased adipocyte size and increased insulin sensitivity. When fed with Western diet, Acat1<sup>-</sup><sup>M/</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>M</sup> mice contain fewer infiltrating macrophages in white adipose tissue (WAT), with significantly diminished inflammatory phenotype. Without Acat1, the Ly6C<sup>hi</sup> monocytes express reduced levels of integrin-β<sub>1</sub>, which plays a key role in the interaction between monocytes and the inflamed endothelium. Adoptive transfer experiment showed that the appearance of leukocytes from Acat1<sup>-</sup><sup>M/</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>M</sup> mice to the inflamed WAT of wild-type mice is significantly diminished. Under Western diet, Acat1<sup>-</sup><sup>M/</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>M</sup> causes suppression of multiple proinflammatory genes in WAT. Cell culture experiments show that in RAW 264.7 macrophages, inhibiting ACAT1 with a small-molecule ACAT1-specific inhibitor reduces inflammatory responses to lipopolysaccharide. We conclude that under Western diet, blocking ACAT1 in macrophages attenuates inflammation in WAT. Other results show that Acat1<sup>-</sup><sup>M/</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>M</sup> does not compromise antiviral immune response. Our work reveals that blocking ACAT1 suppresses diet-induced obesity in part by slowing down monocyte infiltration to WAT as well as by reducing the inflammatory responses of adipose tissue macrophages.
Energy-resolved magnetic domain imaging in TbCo alloys by valence band photoemission magnetic circular dichroism (2013)

We report magnetic domain imaging of a terbium cobalt (TbCo) alloy thin film with a high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in one- and two-photon photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). Both photoemission processes deliver a clear magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) whose strength is strongly energy dependent. Comparing the energy dependence of the MCD signal in one- and two-photon photoemission, we conclude that the magnetic contrast is mainly an initial state effect. Our results ultimately show that MCD contrast can be obtained in PEEM in valence band photoemission from a material supporting all-optical magnetization switching. This opens the way for the investigation of the all-optical switching process with simultaneous ultrahigh temporal and spatial resolution.