gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute Heat Stress Alters the Expression of Orexin System in Quail Muscle (2017)

Accumulating evidences indicate that the hypothalamic neuropeptide orexins or hypocretins are involved in stress-induced responses in mammals. Recently, we found that orexin is expressed and secreted from avian muscle cells, however its regulation is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of heat and oxidative stress, the most challenging stressors in poultry production, on the expression of orexin system in quail muscle tissues and myoblast cell lines. Four week-old genetically selected susceptible and resistant Japanese quail (<i>Coturnix coturnix Japonica</i>) lines were exposed to acute heat stress (HS, 37°C for 1.5 h) or maintained at thermoneutral conditions (24°C). Quail myoblast (QM7) cell line was exposed to heat stress (45°C) for 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 h. The control cells were maintained at 37°C. The cells were also treated with several doses of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, 10-200 μM) or 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE, 10-30 μM) as oxidative stress. Untreated cells were used as controls. Acute HS significantly induced the expression of HSP70 and down-regulated orexin system in both quail muscle tissue and QM7 cells. Similarly, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> but not 4-HNE treatment significantly increased HSP70 protein levels and dysregulated the expression of orexin and its related receptors in a dose-dependent manner in QM7 cells. Transient overexpression of HSP70 down-regulated the expression of orexin system in QM7 cells. Taken together, these data indicate that orexin may be a key player in stress response in avian muscle by demonstrating that heat and oxidative stress alter the expression of orexin system in quail muscle. This effect might be mediated through HSP70. Unraveling the upstream regulators and downstream effectors of orexin in avian muscle merits further in depth investigations.
Speech enhancement using state-based estimation and sinusoidal modeling (1997)

A procedure for estimating the parameters of a sinusoidal model from speech corrupted by additive noise is described. An approximate harmonic representation is used wherein voiced speech is represented by a set of sine waves at multiples of the fundamental frequency and several additional components at frequencies near each harmonic. Amplitudes and phases of the sinusoidal components are estimated using a state-based technique that employs hidden Markov models (HMMs) to classify speech and noise spectra. Voicing and fundamental frequency are determined using an analysis-by-synthesis approach. Simulation results are presented, comparing the performance of the proposed algorithm to that of the standard HMM-based minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimator. The proposed method was found to reduce the structured residual noise associated with HMM-based algorithms.
Pu-erh Tea Extract Attenuates Nicotine-Induced Foam Cell Formation in Primary Cultured Monocytes: An in Vitro Mechanistic Study (2016)

In this study, the mechanisms by which pu-erh tea extract (PETE) attenuates nicotine-induced foam cell formation were investigated. Monocytes were purified from healthy individuals using commercial antibodies coated with magnetic beads. We found that the nicotine-induced (1-10 μM) expression of oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptors (ox-LDLRs) and α9-nAchRs in monocytes was significantly attenuated by 24 h of PETE (10 μg/mL; ∗, p < 0.05) cotreatment. Nicotine (1 μM for 24 h) significantly induced the expression of the surface adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and the monocyte integrin adhesion molecule (CD11b) by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and triggered monocytes to differentiate into macrophages via interactions with the endothelium. After treatment with nicotine (0.1-10 μM for 24 h), the HUVECs released chemotactic factors (IL-8) to attract monocytes into the tunica intima of the artery, and the monocytes then transformed into foam cells. We demonstrated that PETE treatment (>1 μg/mL for 24 h; ∗, p < 0.05) significantly attenuates nicotine-induced (1 μM) monocyte migration toward HUVECs and foam cell formation. This study suggests that tea components effectively attenuate the initial step (foam cell formation) of nicotine-induced atherosclerosis in circulating monocytes.
An equivalent n-source for WGPu derived from a spectrum-shifted PuBe source (2008)

We have designed, built, and laboratory-tested a unique shield design that transforms the complex neutron spectrum from PuBe source neutrons, generated at high energies, to nearly exactly the neutron signature leaking from a significant spherical mass of weapons grade plutonium (WGPu). This equivalent "X-material shield assembly" (Patent Pending) enables the harder PuBe source spectrum (average energy of 4.61 MeV) from a small encapsulated standard 1-Ci PuBe source to be transformed, through interactions in the shield, so that leakage neutrons are shifted in energy and yield to become a close reproduction of the neutron spectrum leaking from a large subcritical mass of WGPu metal (mean energy 2.11 MeV). The utility of this shielded PuBe surrogate for WGPu is clear, since it directly enables detector field testing without the expense and risk of handling large amounts of Special Nuclear Materials (SNM) as WGPu. Also, conventional sources using Cf-252, which is difficult to produce, and decays with a 2.7 year half life, could be replaced by this shielded PuBe technology in order to simplify operational use, since a sealed PuBe source relies on Pu-239 (T&frac12;=24,110 y), and remains viable for more than hundreds of years.
A Novel Hybrid Current-Limiting Circuit Breaker for Medium Voltage: Principle and Test Results (2002)

Although many attempts have been made to design a fault current-limiting circuit breaker (FCLCB) for medium voltage electric power systems, no economically attractive solution has been achieved so far. A novel concept for an F CLCB is introduced based on a hybrid arrangement of semiconductors, temperature-dependent resistors, and a newly developed fast-opening mechanical switch. The latter utilizes one part of an electrodynamic repulsion drive, which is concurrent with the moving double contact system. Laboratory tests as well as computer simulations of the complete FCLCB verify as an example the feasibility for the goal ratings 12 kV and 2/20 kA (single phase). A cost analysis shows the FCLCB to be more expensive than a conventional generator circuit breaker but to be in the price range of the Is-limiter and below the costs of superconducting FCL principles. It is concluded that the method provides the basis for further commercial product development.
Selective oxidation of methane to methanol with H2O2 over an Fe-MFI zeolite catalyst using sulfolane solvent (2019)

The effect of reaction conditions for direct oxidation of methane to methanol over Fe-MFI zeolite with H2O2 has been investigated. Sulfolane has been proved to be an efficient solvent for liquid-phase methane oxidation. A sulfolane/water mixture with an appropriate proportion led to an extremely high methanol production with a high selectivity.
Lithographic characterization of low-order aberrations in a 0.3-NA EUV microfield exposure tool (2006)

Although tremendous progress has been made in the crucial area of fabrication of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) projection optics, the realization diffraction-limited high numerical aperture (NA) optics (above 0.2 NA) remains a concern. The highest NA EUV optics available to date are the 0.3-NA Microfield Exposure Tool (MET) optics used in an experimental exposure station at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [1] and commercial METs [2] at Intel and SEMATECH-North. Even though these optics have been interferometrically demonstrated to achieve diffraction-limited wavefront quality, the question remains as to whether or not such performance levels can be maintained after installation of the optics into the exposure tool. Printing-based quantitative aberration measurements provide a convenient mechanism for the characterization of the optic wavefront error in the actual lithography tool. We present the lithographic measurement of low-order aberrations in the Berkeley MET tool, including a quantitative measurement of astigmatism and spherical error and a qualitative measurement of coma. The lithographic results are directly compared to interferometry results obtained from the same optic. Measurements of the Berkeley MET indicate either an alignment drift or errors in the interferometry on the order of 0.5 to 1 nm.
Gut feelings of safety: tolerance to the microbiota mediated by innate immune receptors (2015)

To enable microbial colonization of the gut mucosa, the intestinal immune system must not only react to danger signals but also recognize cues that indicate safety. Recognition of safety, paradoxically, is mediated by the same environmental sensors that are involved in signaling danger. Indeed, in addition to their well-established role in inducing inflammation in response to stress signals, pattern recognition receptors and a variety of metabolic sensors also promote gut-microbiota symbiosis by responding to "microbial symbiosis factors", "resolution-associated molecular patterns", markers of energy extraction and other signals indicating the absence of pathogenic infection and tissue damage. Here we focus on how the paradoxical roles of immune receptors and other environmental sensors define the microbiota signature of an individual.
Efficient DFT of Zadoff-Chu sequences (2010)

Closed-form expressions for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of cyclically shifted Zadoff-Chu sequences of arbitrary length are presented. These expressions allow for a very efficient DFT implementation based only on the elements of the corresponding already generated basic (non-cyclically-shifted) ZC sequence.
Runaway Carbon Dioxide Conversion Leads to Enhanced Uptake in a Nanohybrid Form of Porous Magnesium Borohydride (2019)

Leveraging molecular-level controls to enhance CO<sub>2</sub> capture in solid-state materials has received tremendous attention in recent years. Here, a new class of hybrid nanomaterials constructed from intrinsically porous γ-Mg(BH<sub>4</sub> )<sub>2</sub> nanocrystals and reduced graphene oxide (MBHg) is described. These nanomaterials exhibit kinetically controlled, irreversible CO<sub>2</sub> uptake profiles with high uptake capacities (>19.9 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> ) at low partial pressures and temperatures between 40 and 100 °C. Systematic experiments and first-principles calculations reveal the mechanism of reaction between CO<sub>2</sub> and MBHg and unveil the role of chemically activated, metastable (BH<sub>3</sub> -HCOO)<sup>-</sup> centers that display more thermodynamically favorable reaction and potentially faster reaction kinetics than the parent BH<sub>4</sub> <sup>-</sup> centers. Overall, it is demonstrated that size reduction to the nanoscale regime and the generation of reactive, metastable intermediates improve the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake properties in metal borohydride nanomaterials.
Scalable Manufacture of Built‐to‐Order Nanomedicine: Spray‐Assisted Layer‐by‐Layer Functionalization of PRINT Nanoparticles (Adv. Mater. 34/2013) (2013)

Scalable methods, PRINT particle fabrication, and spray-assisted layer-by-layer deposition, are combined by Paula Hammond, Joseph DeSimone and co-workers on page 4707 to generate uniform and functional nanotechnologies with precise control over composition, size, shape, and surface functionality. A modular and tunable approach toward the design of built-to-order nanoparticle systems, spray coatings on PRINT particles are demonstrated to achieve technologies capable of targeted interactions with cancer cells for applications in drug delivery.
Extracellular Vesicles and Viruses: Two Intertwined Entities (2023)

Viruses share many attributes in common with extracellular vesicles (EVs). The cellular machinery that is used for EV production, packaging of substrates and secretion is also commonly manipulated by viruses for replication, assembly and egress. Viruses can increase EV production or manipulate EVs to spread their own genetic material or proteins, while EVs can play a key role in regulating viral infections by transporting immunomodulatory molecules and viral antigens to initiate antiviral immune responses. Ultimately, the interactions between EVs and viruses are highly interconnected, which has led to interesting discoveries in their associated roles in the progression of different diseases, as well as the new promise of combinational therapeutics. In this review, we summarize the relationships between viruses and EVs and discuss major developments from the past five years in the engineering of virus-EV therapies.
Bromine-Catalyzed Conversion of CO2 and Epoxides to Cyclic Carbonates under Continuous Flow Conditions (2013)

A continuous method for the formation of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide (CO2) is described. The catalysts used are inexpensive and effective in converting the reagents to the products in a residence time (t(R)) of 30 min. The cyclic carbonate products are obtained in good to excellent yield (51-92%). On the basis of a series of kinetics experiments, we propose a reaction mechanism involving epoxide activation by electrophilic bromine and CO2 activation by an amide.
The next big thing for silicon nanostructures – CO2 photocatalysis (2019)

Silicene is a relatively new member of the growing family of two-dimensional single-element materials. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches provide access to silicene, the former via vapor deposition on a substrate and the latter via exfoliation of the layered CaSi2 precursor. Most top-down research has been concerned with understanding the various electronic, optical, magnetic, mechanical, electrical, thermal transport and gas-adsorption properties of silicene. By contrast, the focus on bottom-up silicene has primarily been on its synthesis, structure and chemical properties as they relate to its function and utility. Herein, emphasis is placed on the bottom-up strategy because of its scalability and the ease of subsequent silicene modification, with both qualities being important prerequisites for heterogeneous catalysis applications. In this context, synthetic freestanding silicene exists as single sheets or multilayer assemblies, depending on the CaSi2 exfoliation synthesis conditions. The structure of a sheet comprises three connected chair-configuration silicon 6-rings. This connectivity creates buckled sheets in which the hybridization around the unsaturated silicon atoms is sp2-sp3. By adjusting the CaSi2 exfoliation synthesis conditions, either layered silane (Si6H6) or siloxene (Si6H3(OH)3) nanosheets can be obtained. In our studies, we have explored the nucleation and growth of different transition metal nanoparticles on and within the layer spaces of these nanosheets, and explored their thermochemical and photochemical reactivity in CO2 hydrogenation reactions. An overview of these findings, related works and a new-and-optimized catalyst are provided in this article.
<title>Efficient waveguide couplers using tilted gratings for optoelectronic interconnects</title> (1998)

Surface relief gratings with tilted grating profiles have been studied for efficient optical signal coupling for polymeric waveguide based optoelectronic interconnects. In this article the theoretical formulation used to calculate the diffraction efficiency in a pre-defined direction is discussed. The designed gratings provide an effective unidirectional surface-normal optical coupling for polymer-based optoelectronic interconnects. The gratings with a tilt-angle of 32 degrees and periods ranging from 0.5 to 3 micrometers were fabricated. Both surface-normal input and output grating couplers have been demonstrated in polyimide waveguides on silicon substrate.
The eINTACT system dissects bacterial exploitation of plant osmosignalling to enhance virulence (2022)

Bacteria inject effector proteins into host cells to manipulate cellular processes that promote disease. Since bacteria deliver minuscule amounts of effectors only into targeted host cells, it is technically challenging to capture effector-dependent cellular changes from bulk-infected host tissues. Here, we report a new technique called effector-inducible isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types (eINTACT), which facilitates affinity-based purification of nuclei from Arabidopsis plant cells that have received Xanthomonas bacterial effectors. Analysis of purified nuclei reveals that the Xanthomonas effector XopD manipulates the expression of Arabidopsis abscisic acid signalling-related genes and activates OSCA1.1, a gene encoding a calcium-permeable channel required for stomatal closure in response to osmotic stress. The loss of OSCA1.1 causes leaf wilting and reduced bacterial growth in infected leaves, suggesting that OSCA1.1 promotes host susceptibility. eINTACT allows us to uncover that XopD exploits host OSCA1.1/abscisic acid osmosignalling-mediated stomatal closure to create a humid habitat that favours bacterial growth and opens up a new avenue for accurately elucidating functions of effectors from numerous gram-negative plant bacteria in native infection contexts.
An Alternative Bactericidal Mechanism of Action for Lantibiotic Peptides That Target Lipid II (2006)

Lantibiotics are polycyclic peptides containing unusual amino acids, which have binding specificity for bacterial cells, targeting the bacterial cell wall component lipid II to form pores and thereby lyse the cells. Yet several members of these lipid II-targeted lantibiotics are too short to be able to span the lipid bilayer and cannot form pores, but somehow they maintain their antibacterial efficacy. We describe an alternative mechanism by which members of the lantibiotic family kill Gram-positive bacteria by removing lipid II from the cell division site (or septum) and thus block cell wall synthesis.
Unexpected Efficacy of CTLA-4Ig in Controlling Ongoing Allospecific Responses and Treating Acute Rejection. (2014)

Once rejection is initiated, halting the immune response becomes much more difficult because of increased frequencies of activated effector and memory alloreactive T and B cells and of plasma cells. Costimulation blockade targeting CD28-B7 and CD40-CD154 interactions is reported to be particularly ineffective at controlling memory T cell and T-dependent B cell responses. Here we report on the unexpected efficacy of CTLA-4Ig in controlling ongoing antibody responses and treating acute rejection. To test the efficacy of CTLA-4Ig at halting ongoing alloimmune response, C57BL/6 mice were sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of BALB/c splenocytes (DST) and treated with biweekly CTLA-4Ig from d0, d7, or d14 post-DST. Without CTLA-4Ig, donor-specific Abs (DSA) were detected on d7 and peaked on d21 post-DST. Delayed treatment with CTLA-4Ig from d7 or d14 post-DST halted the DSA response, and DSA titers tended towards baseline by d42. To test whether delayed CTLA-4Ig prevented development of memory responses, CTLA4-Ig treatment was stopped on d42 and 2 weeks later, the mice were challenged with DST without CTLA4-Ig. Mice receiving d0-42 CTLA-4Ig exhibited no increase in alloantibody production, consistent with tolerance, whereas those receiving d14-42 CTLA-4Ig exhibited recall antibody responses indistinguishable from untreated. Notably, mice receiving d7-42 CTLA-4Ig exhibited a blunted antibody relative to recall as well as to primary response. Finally in a BALB/c into C57BL/6 heart transplantation model, where unmodified rejection occurs on d7-8 post-transplant, biweekly treatment with CTLA4-Ig from 6d post-transplant prevented rejection in 2 of 3 recipients (>42d). A second BALB/c heart transplanted on d21 was also accepted (>21d). These results demonstrate the unexpected efficacy of delayed CTLA4-Ig at halting ongoing alloreactive responses, inhibiting memory formation, facilitating the development of a hyporesponsive state and in treating acute rejection.
Helicopter Composite Materials Applications: Rotors (2012)

Abstract Rotors are the systems allowing helicopters to flight, providing lift, and directional thrusts. Composite materials are nowadays widely used in rotor components construction and, namely, for blades and hubs. Typical applications are described. The evolution in the usage of fibrous composites from the simple substitution of metals to the current exploitation of peculiar characteristics is evaluated. The scenario of application for other nonfibrous composite materials is also considered. Other aspects such as design for manufacturing and airworthiness requirements are considered.
Bending of Plate (2004)

At Department of Mechanicl Engineering Tokyo University .about 140 students take the subject "Manufacturing Exercize" in one torm. We divide the students into 2 classes, and in each class, 12 groups are constructed, 5 to 6 studente belong to each group. Experiment program air measured displacement and surface stress by act load of plumb to the plate, The test exam in plate is 500 × 500. Study of boundary condition for strength materials. In this parper the authors are reporting in the the student's Recognition on the Laboratory Exercise
Combined and sequential effects of human IL-3 and GM-CSF on the proliferation of CD34+ hematopoietic cells from cord blood (1989)

The proliferative effects of recombinant human interleukin-3 (IL-3) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) were investigated in semi-solid and liquid cultures of purified CD34+ hematopoietic cells obtained from umbilical cord blood. No important differences in overall cloning efficiencies in response to IL-3 or GM-CSF were observed in semi-solid medium in the presence of erythropoietin (Ep). However, GM-CSF was less effective for the development of erythroid bursts (BFU-E), and only IL-3 was observed to induce significant numbers of mixed-erythroid colonies (E-MIX). Both IL-3 and GM-CSF also induced proliferation of CD34+ in liquid cultures. Proliferative responses to IL-3 were found to be more rapid and stronger than to GM-CSF, although the number of initial responsive cells as judged by autoradiography were comparable. Enhanced proliferation of CD34+ cells both in semi-solid and liquid cultures was obtained in the presence of combinations of IL-3 and GM-CSF. The responses observed were less than additive, with the exception of the development of eosinophil colonies and clusters, where IL-3 and GM-CSF were found to act synergistically. In secondary cultures, proliferative responses to GM-CSF were strongly enhanced by preculture of CD34+ cells in IL-3 for four to 11 days, and to a lesser extent by preculture in GM-CSF. Finally, responses to IL-3 were not affected by preculture of CD34+ cells in the presence of GM-CSF. Our results indicate that there is a wide overlap of cells capable of proliferating either in response to IL-3 or to GM-CSF within the cord blood CD34+ compartment. However, differences in primary proliferation kinetics and increased responsiveness to GM-CSF following preculture suggest the importance of a sequential action of IL-3 and GM-CSF in the expansion of CD34+ cells.