gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods of introducing nucleic acids into cellular DNA (2023)

A method of introducing a nucleic acid sequence into a cell is provided where the cell has impaired or inhibited or disrupted DnaG primase activity or impaired or inhibited or disrupted DnaB helicase activity, or larger or increased gaps or distance between Okazaki fragments or lowered or reduced frequency of Okazaki fragment initiation, or the cell has increased single stranded DNA (ssDNA) on the lagging strand of the replication fork including transforming the cell through recombination with a nucleic acid oligomer.
Pre-clinical evaluation of a two-channel microwave hyperthermia system with adaptive phase control in a large animal (1999)

A pre-clinical assessment of the heating capabilities of a two-channel 915 MHz Microfocus-1000 hyperthermia system, with adaptive phase control, was carried out in a series of experiments using a large animal model. The results of the experimental measurements of specific absorption rate (SAR) and tissue temperature show that when muscle tissue of the hind legs of pigs was compressed to 6.5-7 cm, then a pair of parallel opposed, coherently driven, transverse electromagnetic wave applicators could elevate the temperature in deep tissue to therapeutic levels without overheating superficial tissues when the phase difference between applicators was determined by the adaptive phase control algorithm.
Distance Perception in Interactive Virtual Acoustic Environments using First and Higher Order Ambisonic Sound Fields (2011)

In this paper, we present an investigation into the perception of source distance in interactive virtual auditory environments in the context of First (FOA) and Higher Order Ambisonic (HOA) reproduction. In particular, we investigate the accuracy of sound field reproduction over virtual loudspeakers (headphone reproduction) with increasing Ambisonic order. Performance of 1st, 2nd and 3rd order Ambisonics in representing distance cues is assessed in subjective audio perception tests. Results demonstrate that 1st order sound fields can be sufficient in representing distance cues for Ambisonic-to-binaural decodes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoindole Derivatives by Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Reaction of (2‐Alkynyl)phenylketone O‐Pentafluorobenzoyloximes. (2011)

Abstract The importance of the o‐phenylene tether is found to be highly important for an efficient cyclization process.
Learning Dynamic Hybrid Markov Random Field for Image Labeling (2013)

Using shape information has gained increasing concerns in the task of image labeling. In this paper, we present a dynamic hybrid Markov random field (DHMRF), which explicitly captures middle-level object shape and low-level visual appearance (e.g., texture and color) for image labeling. Each node in DHMRF is described by either a deformable template or an appearance model as visual prototype. On the other hand, the edges encode two types of intersections: co-occurrence and spatial layered context, with respect to the labels and prototypes of connected nodes. To learn the DHMRF model, an iterative algorithm is designed to automatically select the most informative features and estimate model parameters. The algorithm achieves high computational efficiency since a branch-and-bound schema is introduced to estimate model parameters. Compared with previous methods, which usually employ implicit shape cues, our DHMRF model seamlessly integrates color, texture, and shape cues to inference labeling output, and thus produces more accurate and reliable results. Extensive experiments validate its superiority over other state-of-the-art methods in terms of recognition accuracy and implementation efficiency on: 1) the MSRC 21-class dataset, and 2) the lotus hill institute 15-class dataset.
Low leakage current technology in P&#x002B;N silicon photodiode detector (2009)

In conclusion, we have successfully fabricated 4cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> large area silicon photodiode detectors with extremely low leakage currents (InA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). The effectiveness of shallow implantation, guard-ring structures, and gettering have been investigated.
Characterisation of Longitudinal Driving Behaviour Using Measurable Parameters (2010)

For the design of a vehicle control algorithm to monitor and correct longitudinal driving behaviour, it is essential to have a good insight into the different parameters that determine this behaviour. In this research, eleven systems and control related parameters are identified, which are related to time headway (THW), time-to-collision inverse (TTCi), and the switch time between accelerator release and brake activation. These parameters are used to determine and distinguish between dissimilar types of longitudinal driving behaviour, in terms of driving and driver characteristics. The efficient K-means clustering algorithm is used for the classification of longitudinal driving behaviour. Driver behaviour experiments were carried out that involved forty-five participants. The results of the study show that four main determinants of longitudinal driving behaviour can be distinguished using measurable parameters, with the indicated opposite extreme values: prudence (aggressive vs. prudent); stability (unstable vs. stable); conflict proneness (risk prone vs. risk infrequent); and skilfulness (non-skilful vs. skilful).
Guanidinylation of Chitooligosaccharides Involving Internal Cyclization of the Guanidino Group on the Reducing End and Effect of Guanidinylation on Protein Binding Ability (2019)

In order to synthesize a promising material for developing a novel peptide/protein delivery system, guanidinylation of chitooligosaccharides with 1-amidinopyrazole hydrochloride was investigated herein. The production of guanidinylated chitooligosaccharides was demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and elemental analyses. Interestingly, we found that the reducing end in the guanidinylated chitooligosaccharides was converted to a cyclic guanidine structure (2-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose structure). This reaction was carefully proven by the guanidinylation of d-glucosamine. Although this is not the first report on the synthesis of the 2-[(aminoiminomethyl)amino]-2-deoxy-d-glucose, it has provided a rational synthetic route using the high reactivity of the reducing end. Furthermore, we found that the interaction between chitooligosaccharides and bovine serum albumin is weak when in a neutral pH environment; however, it is significantly improved by guanidinylation. The guanidinylated chitooligosaccharides are useful not only for the development of a novel drug delivery system but also as a chitinase/chitosanase inhibitor and an antibacterial agent.
Optimization of scaffold design for bone tissue engineering: A computational and experimental study (2014)

In bone tissue engineering, the scaffold has not only to allow the diffusion of cells, nutrients and oxygen but also provide adequate mechanical support. One way to ensure the scaffold has the right properties is to use computational tools to design such a scaffold coupled with additive manufacturing to build the scaffolds to the resulting optimized design specifications. In this study a topology optimization algorithm is proposed as a technique to design scaffolds that meet specific requirements for mass transport and mechanical load bearing. Several micro-structures obtained computationally are presented. Designed scaffolds were then built using selective laser sintering and the actual features of the fabricated scaffolds were measured and compared to the designed values. It was possible to obtain scaffolds with an internal geometry that reasonably matched the computational design (within 14% of porosity target, 40% for strut size and 55% for throat size in the building direction and 15% for strut size and 17% for throat size perpendicular to the building direction). These results support the use of these kind of computational algorithms to design optimized scaffolds with specific target properties and confirm the value of these techniques for bone tissue engineering.
Multimode Multidrop Serial Coalescence Effects during Condensation on Hierarchical Superhydrophobic Surfaces (2012)

The prospect of enhancing the condensation rate by decreasing the maximum drop departure diameter significantly below the capillary length through spontaneous drop motion has generated significant interest in condensation on superhydrophobic surfaces (SHS). The mobile coalescence leading to spontaneous drop motion was initially reported to occur only on hierarchical SHS, consisting of both nanoscale and microscale topological features. However, subsequent studies have shown that mobile coalescence also occurs on solely nanostructured SHS. Thus, recent focus has been on understanding the condensation process on nanostructured surfaces rather than on hierarchical SHS. In this work, we investigate the impact of microscale topography of hierarchical SHS on the droplet coalescence dynamics and wetting states during the condensation process. We show that isolated mobile and immobile coalescence between two drops, almost exclusively focused on in previous studies, are rare. We identify several new droplet shedding modes, which are aided by tangential propulsion of mobile drops. These droplet shedding modes comprise of multiple droplets merging during serial coalescence events, which culminate in formation of a drop that either departs or remains anchored to the surface. We directly relate postmerging drop adhesion to formation of drops in nanoscale as well as microscale Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter wetting states. We identify the optimal microscale feature spacing of the hierarchical SHS, which promotes departure of the highest number of microdroplets. This optimal surface architecture consists of microscale features spaced close enough to enable transition of larger droplets into micro-Cassie state yet, at the same time, provides sufficient spacing in-between the features for occurrence of mobile coalescence.
Study of SILYAL Process for 157-nm Lithography. (2001)

We have been studying an advanced top surface imaging (TSI) process for 157-nm lithography that approaches 100-nm or smaller pattern fabrication. As the advanced TSI process, we are evaluating a new bi-layer silylation process by applying a vapor phase silylation treatment after an alkaline wet-development of the top layer (SIL YAL). There are several advantages to this process, such as a poly-vinyl-phenol (PVP)-type chemical amplified (CA) resist application, defect control by wet-development, and pattern inspection capability after wet-development. However, due to the resist thermal flow during the silylation, the resolution capability and critical dimension (CD) control ability are limited. We have optimized the silylation conditions and applied a UV cure treatment before silylation in order to control the resist pattern profile. By controlling the pattern profiles after the silylation treatment, we could fabricate 110-nm L/S and 100-nm C/H patterns using the SIL YAL process for 157-nm lithography.
C−H Bond Functionalization via Hydride Transfer: Direct Coupling of Unactivated Alkynes and sp3 C−H Bonds Catalyzed by Platinum Tetraiodide (2009)

We report a catalytic intramolecular coupling between terminal unactivated alkynes and sp(3) C-H bonds via through-space hydride transfer (HT-cyclization of alkynes). This method enables one-step preparation of complex heterocyclic compounds by alpha-alkenylation of readily available cyclic ethers and amines. We show that PtI(4) is an effective Lewis acid catalyst for the activation of terminal alkynes for hydride attack and subsequent C-C bond formation. In addition, we have shown that the activity of neutral platinum salts (PtX(n)) can be modulated by the halide ligands. This modulation in turn allows for fine-tuning of the platinum center reactivity to match the reactivity and stability of selected substrates and products.
Supplementary Table 3 from Distinct Patterns of Dysregulated Expression of Enzymes Involved in Androgen Synthesis and Metabolism in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 134K, Results from one-way ANOVA comparing average expression of each transcript between groups (normal, primary PrCa and metastatic PrCa)&lt;/p&gt;
Measurement of formyl radical line strength in the ~A2A'' .rarw. ~X2A' band system using visible/near-infrared diode laser absorption (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of formyl radical line strength in the ~A2A'' .rarw. ~X2A' band system using visible/near-infrared diode laser absorptionDaniel B. Oh, Alan C. Stanton, and Joel A. SilverCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 10, 2246–2250Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/j100112a027RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (705 KB) Get e-Alerts
Study of the molecular pathogenesis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy due to Desmoglein-2 mutations: the zebrafish helps the mouse (2012)

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is a progressively degenerative cardiomyopathy, frequently involved in juvenile sudden death. ARVC is considered a disease of cell adhesion because mutations in desmosomal genes have been involved in the pathogenesis of ARVC in a significant proportion of patients. &#13;\nTo identify the molecular pathogenic mechanisms involved in ARVC, we have generated cardiac-restricted desmoglein-2 (DSG2) transgenic mice. All the transgenic lines expressing human mutated DSG2 (G100R, N266S, Q558X) resemble the clinical features of ARVC. &#13;\nAt molecular level, we checked the expression and localization of some adhesion proteins, demonstrating changes in expression and localization of beta-catenin in hearts of transgenic mice carrying the mutated proteins. &#13;\nTo establish whether the observed increase in beta-catenin expression has a possible direct effect on Wnt signaling, we co-injected in zebrafish embryos the WT and mutated DSG2 mRNAs with BAT-lux reporter plasmids containing the luciferase enzyme cDNA under the control of the responsive elements of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Luciferase reporter activity resulted significantly higher in fishes injected with mutant constructs compared with those injected with wild type. &#13;\nTo further examine the relationship of beta-catenin and Wnt signaling, we co-injected dickkopf-1 (Dkk1), an inhibitor of Wnt signalling, and we showed that Dkk1 rescued the phenotype in embryos. &#13;\nIn conclusion, mutations in desmosomal proteins can perturb the normal balance of critical proteins in junctions and the citosol which, in turn, could alter gene expression by circumventing normal Wnt signaling pathway.
Inhibition of Synaptic Transmission by Neuropeptide Y in Rat Hippocampal Area CA1: Modulation of Presynaptic Ca2+Entry (1997)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) agonists inhibit glutamate release by a presynaptic action at the CA3-CA1 synapse of rat hippocampus. We have examined the relationship between [Capre]t via presynaptic, voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs), measured optically by using the fluorescent calcium indicator fura-2, and transmitter release, measured electrophysiologically. Activation of presynaptic NPY Y2 receptors reduced [Capre]t and thereby inhibited synaptic transmission. Multiple calcium channels are involved in synaptic transmission at this synapse. Activation of Y2 receptors inhibits N-type, P/Q-type, and unidentified presynaptic VDCCs. The inhibition of each of these calcium channel types contributes to the reduction of [Capre]t by Y2 receptors. Activation of adenosine receptors fully occluded the inhibition of presynaptic calcium influx by Y2 receptors but not the inhibition by GABAB receptors, suggesting a convergent action for Y2 and adenosine receptors, probably by coupling to the same G-protein.
Thermal Properties of Hybrid Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites (2016)

Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites possess many advantages for aircraft structures over conventional aluminum alloys: light weight, higher strengthand stiffness-to-weight ratio, and low life-cycle maintenance costs. However, the relatively low thermal and electrical conductivities of CFRP composites are deficient in providing structural safety under certain operational conditions such as lightning strikes. One possible solution to these issues is to interleave carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets between conventional carbon fiber (CF) composite layers. However, the thermal and electrical properties of the orthotropic hybrid CNT/CF composites have not been fully understood. In this study, hybrid CNT/CF polymer composites were fabricated by interleaving layers of CNT sheets with HexcelÂ® IM7/8852 prepreg. The CNT sheets were infused with a 5% solution of a compatible epoxy resin prior to composite fabrication. Orthotropic thermal and electrical conductivities of the hybrid polymer composites were evaluated. The interleaved CNT sheets improved the in-plane thermal conductivity of the hybrid composite laminates by about 400% and the electrical conductivity by about 3 orders of magnitude.
Random walks with ``back buttons'' (2001)

We introduce backoff processes, an idealized stochastic model of browsing on the World Wide Web, which incorporates both hyperlink traversals and use of the “back button.” With some probability the next state is generated by a distribution over out-edges from the current state, as in a traditional Markov chain.With the remaining probability, however, the next state is generated by clicking on the back button and returning to the state from which the current state was entered by a “forward step.” Repeated clicks on the back button require access to increasingly distant history. We show that this process has fascinating similarities to and differences from Markov chains. In particular, we prove that, like Markov chains, back-off processes always have a limit distribution, and we give algorithms to compute this distribution. Unlike Markov chains, the limit distribution may depend on the start state.
Mammary Epithelial Reconstitution with Gene-Modified Stem Cells Assigns Roles to Stat5 in Luminal Alveolar Cell Fate Decisions, Differentiation, Involution, and Mammary Tumor Formation (2010)

The mammary gland represents a unique model system to study gene functions in adult stem cells. Mammary stem cells (MaSCs) can regenerate a functional epithelium on transplantation into cleared fat pads. We studied the consequences of distinct genetic modifications of MaSCs on their repopulation and differentiation ability. The reconstitution of ductal trees was used as a stem cell selection procedure and the nearly quantitative lentiviral infection efficiency of the primary mammary epithelial cells (MECs) rendered the enrichment of MaSCs before their transplantation unnecessary. The repopulation frequency of transduced MaSCs was nearly 100% in immunodeficient recipients and the resulting transgenic ducts homogeneously expressed the virally encoded fluorescent marker proteins. Transplantation of a mixture of MECs, expressing different fluorescent proteins, resulted in a distinct pattern of ductal outgrowths originating from a small number of individually transduced MaSCs. We used genetically modified MECs to define multiple functions of Stat5 during mammary gland development and differentiation. Stat5-downregulation in MaSCs did not affect primary ductal outgrowth, but impaired side branching and the emergence of mature alveolar cells from luminal progenitors during pregnancy. Conversely, the expression of a constitutively active variant of Stat5 (cS5-F) caused epithelial hyperproliferation, thickening of the ducts and precocious, functional alveoli formation in virgin mice. Expression of cS5-F also prevented involution and caused the formation of estrogen and progesterone receptor positive (ER(+)PR(+)) adenocarcinomas. The tumors expressed activated Stat5 and Stat3 and contained a small fraction of CD44(+) cells, possibly indicative of cancer stem cells.
Biopolymeric archetypes for the oral delivery of nutraceuticals (2016)

The oral delivery of nutraceuticals is often complex requiring specialized biopolymeric archetypes for their effective and efficient disposition within the gastrointestinal absorption landscape. The chapter focuses on two most widely employed nutraceutical formulation and delivery approaches including 1) monolithic matrix-based systems such as tablets, capsules, hydrogels and films and 2) micro-/nano-encapsulated particulate systems in the form of nanoparticles, microparticles or even bead-like conformations. In the first part, a critical evaluation of tablet matrices utilizing direct compression of the polymer matrix in addition to compressed particulate systems is provided with emphasis on their ability to protect and deliver nutraceutical compounds (e.g. vitamins and probiotics) in quantities required for envisaged health benefits. The second part discusses the role of encapsulation in protecting nutraceutical agents from milieu degradation, preserving/enhancing their stability, dissolution and dispersibility, and enabling their site-specific stimuli-responsive oral delivery. Additionally, the development of versatile and customised biopolymeric archetypes for the enhancement of nutraceutical loading capacity, morphology, release pattern, stability, and pharmacodynamic activity is provided.
BREATH ANALYSIS AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR LUNG CANCER (2017)

The early diagnosis of lung cancer is key to effectively treating this common and deadly disease.  In this review we consider whether non-invasive breath based detection of volatile biomarkers offers a means to screen populations for the presence of the disease.  We find that many potential volatile cancer biomarkers have been reported, including some by in multiple studies, and that many are biologically plausible.  The field lack of prospective studies, however, which examining whether use of such markers are able to detect lung cancer in its presymptomatic stages.  This and, and a lack of knowledge as to the various endogenous and exogenous sources of these hamper the clinical development of this testing paradigm despite its undeniable appeal.  Further work is therefore required before any firm conclusions can be drawn regarding the utility of breath analysis for the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Synthesis of a palm‐based star‐shaped hydrocarbonvia oleate metathesis (1996)

Abstract 10,11‐Dioctyleicosane, a star‐shaped hydrocarbon, has been successfully synthesized from 9‐octadecene (a product from metathesis of methyl oleate or ethyl oleate) through dimerization followed by hydrogenation. The product was determined by 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic and gas chromatography/mass spectrometric techniques. This hydrocarbon likely exhibits lubricating properties that can be used as high‐performance functional fluids in automotive lubrication. We also report the presence of a novel product, a trimer that was formed during the synthesis.