gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solving Thermal Issues in a Three-Dimensional-Stacked-Quad-Core Processor by Microprocessor Floor Planning, Microchannel Cooling, and Insertion of Through-Silicon-Vias (2013)

The electronics industry is heading toward the three-dimensional (3D) microprocessor to cope with higher computing workloads. The 3D stacking of the processor and the memory components reduces the communication delay in multicore system-on-a-chip (SoCs), owing to reduced system size and shorter interconnects. The shorter interconnects in a multicore system lowers the memory access latencies and contributes to improvements in memory access bandwidth. The shorter interconnects in stacked architectures also enables small drivers for interconnections which further reduce interconnection-level-energy dissipations. On the down side, the 3D-stacked architectures have high thermal resistance, which in conjunction with poor thermal management techniques, poses a thermal threat to the reliability of the device. This paper establishes the significance of the microprocessor floor planning and single-phase microchannel cooling for solving the thermal issues arising in the 3D-stacked-quad-core processor. The 3D-stacked-quad-core processor considered in this study comprises of symmetric nonuniformly powered quad-core processor, liquid-cooled microchannel heat sink, dynamic random access memory (DRAM), thermal interface material (TIM), and heat spreader. The electrical through-silicon-vias (TSVs) between the processor and DRAM serve as interconnects, while the thermal TSVs reduce the internal thermal resistance. The effective cooling of the 3D-stacked-quad-core processor depends on the TSVs, quad-core layout and the optimized design of the microchannel heat sink for the desired coolant. The microchannel cooling of the 3D-stacked processor is done both by planar flow and impingement flow. The thermal efficiency of the cooling techniques is evaluated on the basis of hot spot temperature, hot spot spread, and number of hot spots.
Correlative Microscopy of Tumor Vasculature (2011)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2011 in Nashville, Tennessee, USA, August 7–August 11, 2011.
Organizational, social and operational implications in delivering ICT solutions (2010)

Delivering new technology solutions in a well established IT-educated consumer market largely depends on the usefulness and usability of the solution. However, this is very different from delivering ICT solutions in developing regions where there are multiple factors that affect technology adoption, which seem to be at least as important as the technology itself. This paper revolves around a case study of World Wide Telecom Web (WWTW), commonly known as Spoken Web, a voice based content-creation and dissemination platform. The study reflects different challenges in adoption and different ways of evolution of WWTW in the varied organizational, social and operational settings in rural India. The case study uses pilot deployments in four regions in India, each involving at least 500 users. All the four deployments had a different organizational, social and operational model. This paper presents the implications of these differences on the WWTW technology adoption. The study shows that organizations have a strong influence in the adoption, social settings play a major role in the evolution of the solution and operational model influences the quality of the solution.
Bidding Equilibrium and Revenue Differences (2004)

This chapter has two main purposes. The first is a technical one: showing how to identify candidate equilibrium strategies in a variety of auction forms and to verify whether the candidate strategies actually form an equilibrium. This part of the analysis uses various single crossing conditions extensively. Researchers have analyzed several different single crossing conditions; in this chapter we describe and relate these conditions and highlight their significance.
Recent Developments in Fine Pitch Wafer-To-Wafer Hybrid Bonding with Copper Interconnect (2019)

3D architectures are increasingly making their way into commercial products such as image sensors and 3D memory. While hybrid bonding exists today in wafer-to-wafer (W2W) format in high volume manufacturing, the proliferation of this technology continues to accelerate. A wide range of new products may be considered by leveraging the ability to connect circuit elements fabricated with two different process technologies. For example, some NAND architectures are monolithic 3D devise which are formed using processes with divergent thermal requirements such as the high temperature memory technology and the lower temperature logic. This monolithic approach is the standard today but leads to a final product that is a compromise of the thermal budget constraints. Alternatively, disaggregation of the memory components and the logic components onto separate wafers would allow each technology to be optimized independently with potentially different thermal budgets. Using Cu based hybrid bonding, a fine pitch Cu interconnect may be used to then join the two wafers at temperatures well below 400°C while achieving superior I/O performance within a smaller footprint [1]. Direct Bond Interconnect (DBI <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">®</sup> ) technology, is a low temperature hybrid bonding process that forms a dielectric-to-dielectric bond at room temperature and a metal-to-metal bond at the appropriately designed temperature. It is the key enabling technology for advanced products because of its unique ability to bond wafers at low temperature and to successfully bond pads ranging from 1.9 μm to 15 μm diameter. The corresponding pitches range from 3.8 μm to 40 um. Generally, a low temperature anneal process of 150-400°C can be achieved. The all-Cu interconnect across the bond interface provides good electrical performance and enhanced reliability. [2] This paper presents bonding and electrical yield results with a test vehicle design that demonstrates high-density, fine pitch bonding with high-yield. The test vehicle consists of daisy chain test patterns with 4 μm bonding pitch with 115k links and covers a bond area of 3.61 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The process flow enables high throughput processing with room temperature bonding and post-bond batch anneal. The process shows minimum electrical yield greater than 98% across all wafers. Longer chains of 500k links with a 3 μm diameter pad with a 10 μm pitch show similar yields. Temperature cycling and autoclave tests of the 3 μm diameter pad test structures showed a robust Cu/Cu interconnection and superior reliability performance.
Photochemistry of some allenic counterparts of cyclohexenones and 2,5-cyclohexadienones (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemistry of some allenic counterparts of cyclohexenones and 2,5-cyclohexadienonesHoward E. Zimmerman, Mark R. Baker, Robert C. Bottner, Michael M. Morrissey, and Sean MurphyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 2, 459–466Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00055a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00055a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterizing Users' Visual Analytic Activity for Insight Provenance (2009)

Insight provenance – a historical record of the process and rationale by which an insight is derived – is an essential requirement in many visual analytics applications. Although work in this area has relied on either manually recorded provenance (for example, user notes) or automatically recorded event-based insight provenance (for example, clicks, drags and key-presses), both approaches have fundamental limitations. Our aim is to develop a new approach that combines the benefits of both approaches while avoiding their deficiencies. Toward this goal, we characterize users' visual analytic activity at multiple levels of granularity. Moreover, we identify a critical level of abstraction, Actions, that can be used to represent visual analytic activity with a set of general but semantically meaningful behavior types. In turn, the action types can be used as the semantic building blocks for insight provenance. We present a catalog of common actions identified through observations of several different visual analytic systems. In addition, we define a taxonomy to categorize actions into three major classes based on their semantic intent. The concept of actions has been integrated into our lab's prototype visual analytic system, HARVEST, as the basis for its insight provenance capabilities.
Binding of Warfarin Influences the Acid‐Base Equilibrium of H242 in Sudlow Site I of Human Serum Albumin (2006)

Sudlow Site I of human serum albumin (HSA) is located in subdomain IIA of the protein and serves as a binding cavity for a variety of ligands. In this study, the binding of warfarin (W) is examined using computational techniques and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The structure of the docked warfarin anion (W-) to Site I is similar to that revealed by X-ray crystallography, with a calculated binding constant of 5.8 x 10(5) M(-1). ITC experiments (pH 7.13 and I = 0.1) carried out in three different buffers (MOPs, phosphate and Tris) reveal binding of W- is accompanied by uptake of 0.30+/-0.02 protons from the solvent. This measurement suggests that the binding of W- is stabilized by an ion-pair interaction between protonated H242 and the phenoxide group of W-.
Practical Challenges Associated with Catalyst Development for the Commercialization of Li-air Batteries (2014)

Li-air cell is an exotic type of energy storage and conversion device considered to be half battery and half fuel cell. Its successful commercialization highly depends on the timely development of key components. Among these key components, the catalyst (i.e., the core portion of the air electrode) is of critical importance and of the upmost priority. Indeed, it is expected that these catalysts will have a direct and dramatic impact on the Li-air cellâs performance by reducing overpotentials, as well as by enhancing the overall capacity and cycle life of Li-air cells. Unfortunately, the technological advancement related to catalysts is sluggish at present. Based on the insights gained from this review, this sluggishness is due to challenges in both the commercialization of the catalyst, and the fundamental studies pertaining to its development. Challenges in the commercialization of the catalyst can be summarized as 1) the identification of superior materials for Li-air cell catalysts, 2) the development of fundamental, material-based assessments for potential catalyst materials, 3) the achievement of a reduction in both cost and time concerning the design of the Li-air cell catalysts. As for the challenges concerning the fundamental studies of Li-air cell catalysts, they are 1) the development of experimental techniques for determining both the nano and micro structure of catalysts, 2) the attainment of both repeatable and verifiable experimental characteristics of catalyst degradation, 3) the development of the predictive capability pertaining to the performance of the catalyst using fundamental material properties. Therefore, under the current circumstances, it is going to be an extremely daunting task to develop appropriate catalysts for the commercialization of Li-air batteries; at least within the foreseeable future. Regardless, nano materials are expected to play a crucial role in this field. Keywords: Catalyst, Li-air cells, Commercialization
Synthesis of Substituted 3,4‐Dihydroquinolin‐2(1H)‐one Derivatives by Sequential Ugi/Acrylanilide [6π]‐Photocyclizations. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
When Is The Economic Lot Scheduling Problem Easy? (1989)

Abstract The Economic Lot Scheduling Problem, common in industry and the literature as well, is NP-hard and remains unsolved in general. We show 'that the very simple Rotation Cycle scheduling rule produces optimal or nearly optimal schedules in very many realistic situations and we give upper bounds for the maximum percentage deviation of the Rotation Cycle's schedule fro m optimality. An implication for Group Technology is discussed.
Plasma Desorption Mass Spectrometry in Monitoring Peptide Synthesis and Phosphorylation Reactions (1991)

The fragmentation present in the plasma desorption mass spectra of synthetic and native purified peptides can be used to determine the position of modifications such as phosphorylation.
Multiphysics Simulation of Super-Resolution BD ROM Optical Disk Readout (2006)

We propose a multiphysics model of super-resolution BD ROM disk readout based on the photogeneration of free carriers in the active layer to retrieve far-field signal from pits smaller than the resolution limit
Coumarin Tags for Analysis of Peptides by MALDI-TOF MS and MS/MS. 2. Alexa Fluor 350 Tag for Increased Peptide and Protein Identification by LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS (2005)

The goal of this study was the development of N-terminal tags to improve peptide identification using high-throughput MALDI-TOF/TOF MS. Part 1 of the study was focused on the influence of derivatization on the intensities of MALDI-TOF MS signals of peptides. In part 2, various derivatization approaches for the improvement of peptide fragmentation efficiency in MALDI-TOF/TOF MS are explored. We demonstrate that permanent cation tags, while significantly improving signal intensity in the MS mode, lead to severe suppression of MS/MS fragmentation, making these tags unsuitable for high-throughput MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis. In the present work, it was found that labeling with Alexa Fluor 350, a coumarin tag containing a sulfo group, along with guanidation of epsilon-amino groups of Lys, could enhance unimolecular fragmentation of peptides with the formation of a high-intensity y-ion series, while the peptide intensities in the MS mode were not severely affected. LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis of tryptic peptides from the SCX fractions of an E. coli lysate revealed improved peptide scores, a doubling of the total number of peptides, and a 30% increase in the number of proteins identified, as a result of labeling. Furthermore, by combining the data from native and labeled samples, confidence in correct identification was increased, as many proteins were identified by different peptides in the native and labeled data sets. Additionally, derivatization was found not to impair chromatographic behavior of peptides. All these factors suggest that labeling with Alexa Fluor 350 is a promising approach to the high-throughput LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF MS analysis of proteomic samples.
Sodium Methyldithiocarbamate Exerts Broad Inhibition of Cellular Signaling and Expression of Effector Molecules of Inflammation (2013)

Sodium methyldithiocarbamate (SMD) is one of the most abundantly used conventional pesticides in the United States. At dosages relevant to occupational exposure, it causes major effects on the immune system in mice, including a decreased resistance to sepsis. This lab has identified some of the mechanisms of action of this compound and some of the immunological parameters affected, but the global effects have not previously been assessed. The purpose of the present study was to conduct transcriptomic analysis of the effects of SMD on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of mediators important in innate immunity and inflammation. The results revealed broad effects on expression of transcription factors in both branches of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling (MyD88 and TRIF). However, TLR3 and interferon signaling pathways were decreased to a greater extent, and assessment of the effects of SMD on polyinosinic polycytidylic acid-induced cytokine and chemokine production revealed that these responses mediated by TLR3 were indeed sensitive to the effects of SMD, with inhibition occurring at lower dosages than required to inhibit responses to other immunological stimuli tested in our previous studies. In the downstream signaling pathways of these TLRs, functional analysis also revealed that NF-κB activation was inhibited by SMD, as indicated by gene expression analysis and a reporter construct in mice. A previously unreported effect on luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone pathways was also observed.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Cell-Surface Vimentin-Positive Circulating Tumor Cells in Pediatric Sarcoma Patients (2021)

Abstract Background Despite advances in care, the 5 year overall survival for patients with relapsed and or metastatic sarcoma remains as low as &lt; 35%. Currently, there are no biomarkers available to assess disease status in patients with sarcomas and as such, disease surveillance remains reliant on serial imaging which increases the risk of secondary malignancies and heightens patient anxiety. Methods Here, for the first time reported in the literature, we have enumerated the cell surface vimentin (CSV+) CTCs in the blood of 92 sarcoma pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients as a possible marker of disease. Results We constructed a ROC with an AUC of 0.831 resulting in a sensitivity of 85.3% and a specificity of 75%. Additionally, patients who were deemed to be CSV + CTC positive were found to have a worse overall survival compared to those who were CSV + CTC negative. We additionally found the use of available molecular testing increased the accuracy of our diagnostic and prognostic tests. Conclusions Our findings indicate that CSV + CTCs have both diagnostic and prognostic value and can possibly serve as a measure of disease burden.
On the Relationship between Protein-Forced Ligand Fields and the Properties of Blue Copper Centers (1983)

Abstract The stable conformation of blue copper proteins forces the metal ion into a unique geometrical ligand arrangement. Spectroscopic data suggest that at least 70 kJmol−1 would be required to twist the protein into a conformation that would allow the cupric ion to occupy a square planar site. The observation that the γ S→ Cu(x2-y2) transition energy does not change with increasing ligand field strength is interpreted in terms of a model in which Cu(xz, yz)ligand back bonding enhances the splitting between the Cu(x2-y2 ) and Cu(xz, yz) levels in blue sites with high chemical reduction potentials, thereby providing an explanation of the special stability of the cuprous state.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Reactivity of Organic Intermediates as Revealed by Time‐Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structure Elucidation and Chemical Profile of Sphingolipids in Wheat Bran and Their Cytotoxic Effects against Human Colon Cancer Cells (2013)

Sphingolipids are known to have diverse properties and physiological functions. These distinctive lipids have been identified in wheat bran, a food well-known for its chemopreventive activity. However, the complete profile of sphingolipids in wheat bran and their contributions to the cancer preventive effect of wheat bran have not been fully explored until this study. Twelve sphingolipids (1-12) were purified from wheat bran extract and characterized by analyzing their 1D and 2D NMR spectra, and seven sphingolipids (13-19) were characterized based on their tandem mass spectra (MS(n): n = 2-4). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of sphingolipids 1, 6-9, 11-14, and 16-19 in wheat bran. In particular, 2-N-(2'-hydroxy-15'-tricosenoyl)-4-hydroxysphinganine (peak 17) is a novel compound. Additionally, compounds 2-4 were reported with complete NMR data for the first time. Sphingolipids (1-12) showed little growth inhibition against human colon cancer cell lines (HCT-116 and HT-29) in vitro.
Supplement of autologous ooplasm into porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos does not alter embryo development (2017)

Contents Somatic cell nuclear transfer ( SCNT ) is considered as the technique in which a somatic cell is introduced into an enucleated oocyte to make a cloned animal. However, it is unavoidable to lose a small amount of the ooplasm during enucleation step during SCNT procedure. The present study was aimed to uncover whether the supplement of autologous ooplasm could ameliorate the oocyte competence so as to improve low efficiency of embryo development in porcine SCNT . Autologous ooplasm‐transferred ( AOT ) embryos were generated by the supplementation with autologous ooplasm into SCNT embryos. They were comparatively evaluated with respect to embryo developmental potential, the number of apoptotic body formation and gene expression including embryonic lineage differentiation, apoptosis, epigenetics and mitochondrial activity in comparison with parthenogenetic, in vitro‐fertilized ( IVF ) and SCNT embryos. Although AOT embryos showed perfect fusion of autologous donor ooplasm with recipient SCNT embryos, the supplement of autologous ooplasm could not ameliorate embryo developmental potential in regard to the rate of blastocyst formation, total cell number and the number of apoptotic body. Furthermore, overall gene expression of AOT embryos was presented with no significant alterations in comparison with that of SCNT embryos. Taken together, the results of AOT demonstrated inability to make relevant values improved from the level of SCNT embryos to their IVF counterparts.
How Water and Ion Mobility Affect the NMR Fingerprints of the Hydrated JBW Zeolite: A Combined Computational‐Experimental Investigation (2022)

An important aspect within zeolite synthesis is to make fully tunable framework materials with controlled aluminium distribution. A major challenge in characterising these zeolites at operating conditions is the presence of water. In this work, we investigate the effect of hydration on the <sup>27</sup> Al NMR parameters of the ultracrystalline K,Na-compensated aluminosilicate JBW zeolite using experimental and computational techniques. The JBW framework, with Si/Al ratio of 1, is an ideal benchmark system as a stepping stone towards more complicated zeolites. The presence and mobility of water and extraframework species directly affect NMR fingerprints. Excellent agreement between theoretical and experimental spectra is obtained provided dynamic methods are employed with hydrated structural models. This work shows how NMR is instrumental in characterising aluminium distributions in zeolites at operating conditions.