gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Compliant Pseudo-Rigid-Body Four-Link Mechanism Configurations Resulting in Bistable Behavior (2003)

Bistable mechanisms, which have two stable equilibria within their range of motion, are important parts of a wide variety of systems, such as closures, valves, switches, and clasps. Compliant bistable mechanisms present design challenges because the mechanism’s energy storage and motion characteristics are strongly coupled and must be considered simultaneously. This paper studies compliant bistable mechanisms which may be modeled as four-link mechanisms with a torsional spring at one joint. Theory is developed to predict compliant and rigid-body mechanism configurations which guarantee bistable behavior. With this knowledge, designers can largely uncouple the motion and energy storage requirements of a bistable mechanism design problem. Examples demonstrate the power of the theory in bistable mechanism design.
Activated suppressor cell dysfunction in progressive multiple sclerosis. (1986)

Concanavalin A (Con A)-induced suppressor activity has previously been shown to be reduced in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with active clinical disease. In this study, we demonstrate that OKT3, as well as Con A induced suppressor activity mediated by unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells is reduced in patients with the progressive form of MS. By performing reconstitution experiments involving E+, T4+, or T8+ cells derived from either MS patients or controls, and normal allogeneic macrophages or E- cells, we sought to define the cellular basis for this suppressor defect. In both MS and control groups, E+ cells were required to obtain measurable levels of suppression. Suppressor levels induced by Con A-activated cultures containing E+ cells from MS patients were lower than those induced by those containing control donor E+ cells. Suppression mediated by T8+ cells from MS patients was also lower than for controls. In the control group, suppression mediated by T8+ cells exceeded that mediated by T4+ cells; such differences were not apparent in the MS group. These results suggest that although Con A-induced suppression can be mediated by a number of T and non-T cell subsets, the functional suppressor defect measured in the MS population does involve the T8+ cell subset.
Heterometallic Benzenehexathiolato Coordination Nanosheets: Periodic Structure Improves Crystallinity and Electrical Conductivity (2022)

Coordination nanosheets are an emerging class of 2D, bottom-up materials having fully π-conjugated, planar, graphite-like structures with high electrical conductivities. Since their discovery, great effort has been devoted to expand the variety of coordination nanosheets; however, in most cases, their low crystallinity in thick films hampers practical device applications. In this study, mixtures of nickel and copper ions are employed to fabricate benzenehexathiolato (BHT)-based coordination nanosheet films, and serendipitously, it is found that this heterometallicity preferentially forms a structural phase with improved film crystallinity. Spectroscopic and scattering measurements provide evidence for a bilayer structure with in-plane periodic arrangement of copper and nickel ions with the NiCu<sub>2</sub> BHT formula. Compared with homometallic films, heterometallic films exhibit more crystalline microstructures with larger and more oriented grains, achieving higher electrical conductivities reaching metallic behaviors. Low dependency of Seebeck coefficient on the mixing ratio of nickel and copper ions supports that the large variation in the conductivity data is not caused by change in the intrinsic properties of the films. The findings open new pathways to improve crystallinity and to tune functional properties of 2D coordination nanosheets.
Data from Three-Dimensional Breast Cancer Models Mimic Hallmarks of Size-Induced Tumor Progression (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Tumor size is strongly correlated with breast cancer metastasis and patient survival. Increased tumor size contributes to hypoxic and metabolic gradients in the solid tumor and to an aggressive tumor phenotype. Thus, it is important to develop three-dimensional (3D) breast tumor models that recapitulate size-induced microenvironmental changes and, consequently, natural tumor progression in real time without the use of artificial culture conditions or gene manipulations. Here, we developed size-controlled multicellular aggregates (“microtumors”) of subtype-specific breast cancer cells by using non-adhesive polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate hydrogel microwells of defined sizes (150–600 μm). These 3D microtumor models faithfully represent size-induced microenvironmental changes, such as hypoxic gradients, cellular heterogeneity, and spatial distribution of necrotic/proliferating cells. These microtumors acquire hallmarks of tumor progression in the same cell lines within 6 days. Of note, large microtumors of hormone receptor–positive cells exhibited an aggressive phenotype characterized by collective cell migration and upregulation of mesenchymal markers at mRNA and protein level, which was not observed in small microtumors. Interestingly, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines did not show size-dependent upregulation of mesenchymal markers. In conclusion, size-controlled microtumor models successfully recapitulated clinically observed positive association between tumor size and aggressive phenotype in hormone receptor–positive breast cancer while maintaining clinically proven poor correlation of tumor size with aggressive phenotype in TNBC. Such clinically relevant 3D models generated under controlled experimental conditions can serve as precise preclinical models to study mechanisms involved in breast tumor progression as well as antitumor drug effects as a function of tumor progression. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(13); 3732–43. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lithium‐Rich Nanoscale Li1.2Mn0.54Ni0.13Co0.13O2 Cathode Material Prepared by Co‐Precipitation Combined Freeze Drying (CP–FD) for Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2015)

Abstract Nanoscale Li‐rich Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 material is synthesized by a co‐precipitation combined freeze drying (CP–FD) method, and compared with a conventional co‐precipitation method combined vacuum drying (CP–VD). With the combination of X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it is found that the sample from CP–FD method consists of a pure phase with good crystallinity and small, homogenous particles (100‐300 nm) with uniform particle size distribution. Inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) shows that the sample has a stoichiometric ratio of n (Li) : n (Mn) : n (Ni) : n (Co) =9:4:1:1; and its Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) specific surface area is 5.749 m 2 g −1 . This sample achieves excellent electrochemical properties: its initial discharge capacities are 298.9 mAh g −1 at 0.1 C (20 mA g −1 ), 246.1 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C , 215.8 mAh g −1 at 1 C , and 154.2 mAh g −1 at 5 C (5 C charge and 5 C discharge), as well as good cycling performance. In addition, the Li + chemical diffusion coefficient of Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 material prepared by the CP–FD method is 4.59×10 −11 cm 2 s −1 , which is higher than that of the Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 material prepared by CP–VD. This phenomenon illustrates the potential for Li 1.2 Mn 0.54 Ni 0.13 Co 0.13 O 2 with good rate performance synthesized by CP–FD method.
O4‐09‐02: PET IMAGING OF SYNERGISTIC, BUT MODALLY DISTINCT OBESITY‐ AND AB‐TRIGGERED ABNORMALITIES IN CEREBRAL GLUCOSE METABOLISM AND GLIOSIS IN MICE (2014)

High sucrose, high saturated fat western diets are increasingly leading to health issues such as obesity, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Growing evidence also suggests that the western diet, and resulting metabolic abnormalities such as chronic hyperglycemia and inflammation, may increase the risk of cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of this study was to assess changes in cerebral glucose metabolism and glial TSPO expression in response to obesity and intracerebroventricular Aβ infusion in vivo using PET. Three month old C57BL/J6 mice were fed either a standard (non-obese group) or high fat diet (obese group) for 3 months, and intracerebroventricularly infused with vehicle or Aβ-42. Fasting levels of blood glucose and insulin were measured as a marker of peripheral hyperglycemia, while brain [18 F]FDG uptake was assessed by PET a marker of cerebral metabolism. As a marker of deleterious gliosis, brain uptake of a TSPO ligand, [11 C]PBR-28, was assessed by PET. In vivo [11 C]PBR-28 uptake was confirmed by autoradiography of brain sections obtained from scanned mice. TSPO expression in glial subpopulations was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, co-staining with the glial markers CD-11b and GFAP. Obesity combined with A β infusion synergistically increased cerebral glucose metabolism and TSPO signals as assessed by PET. In autoradiographic sections, increased TSPO signals were associated with A β -infusion, but not obesity, although severe gliosis was observed by immunohistochemistry in both models of inflammation. In contrast, obesity-induced inflammation alone was associated with reduced TSPO signals detected by PET and autoradiography. FDG and TSPO may be useful imaging biomarkers for the identification of early-stage metabolic and inflammatory pathogenic changes in obesity associated with cognitive decline and AD risk. Increased brain [18 F]FDG uptake observed A β -infused mice may reflect increased metabolic demand resulting from gliosis or seizure activity. Surprisingly, obesity-induced inflammation was associated with decreased TSPO signals, which could potentially indicate qualitative differences in glial function between the two models of inflammation.
Evaluation of residual defects created by plasma exposure of Si substrates using vertical and lateral pn junctions (2019)

Defect creation in both the vertical and lateral directions of Si substrates during plasma processing has become a critical problem in the fabrication of three-dimensional structural devices. In this study, the authors present pn junction structures that can be used to evaluate defects in both the vertical and lateral directions of a Si substrate. Samples with these pn junction structures were exposed to fluorocarbon plasma; after plasma exposure, a chemical dry etching process was employed to determine the influence of residual species on damaged layer formation, and capacitance–voltage measurements were conducted to detect the formation of defects in the Si substrate. The results confirmed that defects created by plasma exposure act as carrier trapping sites. Spectroscopic ellipsometry and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed that the damaged layers were tens of nanometers thick, and cathodoluminescence analysis identified the presence of “latent” defects in the damaged layer even after furnace annealing. Moreover, current–voltage measurements of devices with different pn junction distances revealed that leakage current in both the vertical and lateral directions increased with decreasing pn junction distance. The experimental results of this study demonstrate that plasma-induced damage (PID) creates defects in both the vertical and lateral directions; lateral defects are assumed to be caused by the stochastic straggling of incident ions, which has been predicted by molecular dynamic simulations. The implementation of devices with lateral pn junctions is essential in improving the understanding of PID mechanisms and designing future electronic devices that are sensitive to latent defects.
Avis en réponse à la saisine du 2 juillet 2020 relative au projet de décret modifiant l’article D.531-2 du code de l'environnement. Paris, le 29 juin 2020 (2020)

Suite a la saisine gouvernementale sollicitant l’avis du HCB sur le projet de decret de modification du code de l’environnement7, le bureau du HCB a adresse la question suivante a son Comite scientifique (CS) : « Sur un plan biologique, en quoi la mutagenese aleatoire in vitro telle que definie par le decret se distingue-t-elle des autres techniques de selection vegetale ? ». Selon le projet de decret, la mutagenese aleatoire in vitro consiste a « soumettre des cellules vegetales cultivees in vitro a des agents mutagenes chimiques ou physiques ». Pour y repondre, le CS a en particulier i) evalue en quoi la mutagenese aleatoire in vitro telle que definie par le projet de decret constituerait une technique a part entiere, qui meriterait, pour une raison particuliere, d’etre traitee differemment des autres applications de mutagenese aleatoire et des autres applications de culture in vitro considerees comme des methodes conventionnelles de selection varietale et ii) analyse dans quelle mesure et depuis quand la mutagenese aleatoire in vitro est utilisee en selection varietale. Le bureau a constitue un groupe de travail (GT) de trois membres du CS, en charge de l’analyse preparant le travail du comite. Le GT a etudie la litterature et sollicite une expertise scientifique externe de chercheurs reconnus dans les domaines en lien avec la question posee, notamment en biologie cellulaire. Le CS souligne que le terme de « cellules vegetales » n’est pas univoque et est soumis a interpretation. Sur la base des travaux du GT, le CS a decide de reserver, dans son avis, l’expression « cellules vegetales » aux cellules isolees, excluant les entites pluricellulaires. Afin d’identifier d’eventuelles differences, l’analyse a porte sur quatre groupes de techniques utilisees en selection varietale : la mutagenese in vivo, la culture in vitro en l’absence d’agents destines a induire des mutations, la mutagenese in vitro sur des entites pluricellulaires et la mutagenese in vitro sur des cellules vegetales isolees. Pour chaque technique, le GT a rassemble les donnees precisant le type de materiel utilise, les specificites d’application, l’historique, les agents mutagenes utilises, la variabilite genetique induite, les mecanismes moleculaires impliques et les phenotypes generes.
Flower Image Recognition Using Multi-Class SVM (2013)

This In this paper, a specific system is developed to recognize images of flower types. The proposed automatic flower boundary extraction method consists of two major procedures: the detection of four edge points and boundary tracing. Flower recognition includes two stages: feature extraction and matching. For the flower boundary extraction portion, we present a new technique for automatically identifying a flower’s boundary in an image. For boundary tracing, an intelligent scissors algorithm is applied. The color gradient magnitude cost term is implemented so that it can act directly on the three components of the color image. Suggested extraction of the characteristics has used division of the image in three levels (level 1, level 2, and level 3), the RGB and YCbCr of each level, the minimum Euclidean distance value of eight colors, and the number of petals. Using multi-class SVM, this dissertation derived 97.07% recognition of thirteen different types of flower images.
Critical sections (2008)

Critical sections in database storage engines impact performance and scalability more as the number of hardware contexts per chip continues to grow exponentially. With enough threads in the system, some critical section will eventually become a bottleneck. While algorithmic changes are the only long-term solution, they tend to be complex and costly to develop. Meanwhile, changes in enforcement of critical sections require much less effort. We observe that, in practice, many critical sections are so short that enforcing them contributes a significant or even dominating fraction of their total cost and tuning them directly improves database system performance. The contribution of this paper is two-fold: we (a) make a thorough performance comparison of the various synchronization primitives in the database system developer's toolbox and highlight the best ones for practical use, and (b) show that properly enforcing critical sections can delay the need to make algorithmic changes for a target number of processors.
Coreless Fiber‐Based Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode Assisted Lasing from Colloidal Quantum Well Solids (2019)

Abstract Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators are shown to hold great promise to achieve high‐performance lasing using colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) in solution phase. However, the low packing density of such colloidal gain media in the solution phase results in increased lasing thresholds and poor lasing stability in these WGM lasers. To address these issues, here optical gain in colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) is proposed and shown in the form of high‐density close‐packed solid films constructed around a coreless fiber incorporating the resulting whispering gallery modes to induce gain and waveguiding modes of the fiber to funnel and collect light. In this work, a practical method is presented to produce the first CQW‐WGM laser using an optical fiber as the WGM cavity platform operating at low thresholds of ≈188 µJ cm −2 and ≈1.39 mJ cm −2 under one‐ and two‐photon absorption pumped, respectively, accompanied with a record low waveguide loss coefficient of ≈7 cm −1 and a high net modal gain coefficient of ≈485 cm −1 . The spectral characteristics of the proposed CQW‐WGM resonator are supported with a numerical model of full electromagnetic solution. This unique CQW‐WGM cavity architecture offers new opportunities to achieve simple high‐performance optical resonators for colloidal lasers.
Comparison of the physicochemical properties of type I and type II iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase. (1991)

The 5'-deiodination of thyroxine is catalyzed by two enzymes which differ in their tissue distribution, substrate specificities, sensitivity to the inhibitor, propylthiouracil, and response to thyroid status. By using the affinity label, N-bromoacetyl-L-thyroxine, both isoenzymes have been found to have substrate binding subunits of approximately 27 kDa. In this study, we compared the substrate binding subunits and hydrodynamic properties of the type I and the type II isozymes using the affinity label, N-bromoacetyl-L-thyroxine, to identify the enzymes. High resolution sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the substrate binding subunit of the type I enzyme had an Mr of 27,000, while that of the type II enzyme had a slightly higher Mr of 29,000. This difference was not accounted for by glycosylation. Partial staphylococcal V8-protease digests of the substrate binding subunit of the type I enzyme yielded fragments of 14.6, 13.7, and 7.0 kDa, while V8-protease digests of the substrate binding subunit for the type II enzyme produced fragments of 28.0, 25.1, 19.0, 9.5, 7.2, and 5.8 kDa. Unique cyanogen bromide fragmentation patterns were also observed for the two substrate binding subunits. Sedimentation coefficients of the detergent-soluble type I and type II holoenzymes were 3.67 and 5.22 S, respectively, as determined by sucrose density centrifugation. The type I enzyme behaved as a globular protein, whereas the type II enzyme showed sedimentation properties typical of asymmetric integral membrane proteins. The Stokes radii were 3.78 and 4.97 nm, respectively. From these data, the calculated Mr for detergent-solubilized type I 5'-iodothyronine deiodinase was 55,400 and for the type II enzyme was 198,700. These data indicate that the two isozymes of iodothyronine 5'-deiodinase are multimeric, differ in holoenzyme size and subunit composition, and that their substrate binding subunits are distinct.
Formation of Highly Conductive p-Type ZnSe Using Li3N Diffusion (1996)

We have achieved high concentration p-type doping of ZnSe grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using a Li 3 N diffusion technique. The average hole concentration in the ZnSe : (Li, N) layer formed at a diffusion temperature of 470° C was as high as 1×10 18 cm -3 , and the layer exhibited a resistivity of ρ=0.3 Ω· cm and a hole mobility of µ p =18 cm 2 /V·s.
Long-term culture-initiating cell expansion is dependent on frequent medium exchange combined with stromal and other accessory cell effects (1995)

Despite considerable effort, the expansion of long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs) in cultures of purified hematopoietic cells has not yet been achieved. In contrast, LTC-IC expansion has been attained in cultures of bone marrow mononuclear cells (MNC) using frequent medium exchange. The use of frequent medium exchange was, therefore, examined in cultures of CD34-enriched cells. In stromal-free, CD34-enriched cell cultures, medium exchange intervals ranging from 2 days to no feeding for 14 days gave similar results. Six different growth factor combinations, reported by other groups to give optimal expansion of CD34-enriched cells, were tested in comparison with the control combination of IL-3/GM-CSF/Epo/SCF. None of the combinations resulted in improved colony-forming unit-granulocyte macrophage (CFU-GM) expansion or LTC-IC maintenance, although two were equivalent. All stromal-free cultures resulted in loss of LTC-IC to half of input. Because of the limited effect of medium exchange and growth factor variations on CD34-enriched cell cultures, the effect of preformed stroma was next examined. Preformed stroma increased cell (3-fold), CFU-GM (5-fold), and LTC-IC (3-fold) output, but only when the medium was exchanged every other day. Under these conditions, the number of LTC-IC was maintained near input level. The lack of LTC-IC expansion in CD34-enriched cell cultures prompted experiments to examine the effect of cell purification. Parallel cultures were performed at CD34+lin- cell purities of 20%, 40%, 70%, and 95%, with each well containing exactly 4,000 CD34+lin- cells in addition to the CD34- accessory cells required to give the desired percentage. Also, MNC from the same source (approximately 2% CD34+lin-) were cultured at a concentration to give 4,000 CD34+lin- cells per well. As CD34+lin- cell purity was decreased from 95% to 2%, the output of cells, CFU-GM, and LTC-IC increased by threefold to fivefold. The loss of culture performance with purification was likely due to the removal of important accessory cells, because the levels of endogenously produced leukemia inhibitory factor and IL-6 were found to decline significantly with increasing CD34+lin- cell purity. In summary, preformed stroma abrogated the decrease in cell and CFU-GM output from cultured CD34-enriched cells and led to LTC-IC maintenance. In contrast, MNC inocula resulting in a growing stromal layer during the culture led to LTC-IC expansion (3.2-fold).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)