gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scaling out of electrolyte free electrosynthesis in a micro-gap flow cell (2006)

The electro-reductive coupling of activated olefins and benzyl bromide derivatives has been selected to compare the performance of single and multiple channel (scaled-out) micro-gap electrochemical flow reactors. Two working electrode configurations were evaluated; in the first a single set of electrodes was used in conjunction with a multiple flow manifold to give two and four separate flow channels; in the second independent electrodes were used within the same flow manifold. Problems with shunt currents and Joule heating in the first configuration meant that only the second configuration was reliable, giving results comparable to those obtained for the single flow cell. Excellent yields of the coupling products such as 2-benzyl-succinic acid dimethyl ester and derivatives were obtained. This demonstrates micro reactor scale-out for unsupported electrosyntheses.
H.264-based multiple description coding for robust video transmission over MIMO systems (2006)

A new scheme for MIMO video transmission using multiple-description coding is proposed. Significant improvements are demonstrated over conventional video transport methods. These are further improved through intelligent transmit power allocation, which yields improvements in average PSNR of up to 11 dB compared to standard, single-description video transmission.
Self-assembly of poly(lauryl methacrylate)-b-poly(benzyl methacrylate) nano-objects synthesised by ATRP and their temperature-responsive dispersion properties (2017)

Self-assembling poly(lauryl methacrylate)-b-poly(benzyl methacrylate) (PLMA<sub>x</sub>-PBzMA<sub>y</sub>) diblock copolymers were synthesised for the first time using solution atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP). The PLMA degree of polymerisation (x) was fixed at 14 and the PBzMA degree of polymerisation (y) was varied from 34 to 74. Post-polymerisation transfer of this new series of diblock copolymers from chloroform into n-dodecane (a poor solvent for PBzMA) resulted in self-assembly of polymeric nano-objects. The morphologies for the latter (spheres, worms and vesicles) were controlled by y. The observed morphologies generally agreed with those reported for related PLMA<sub>x</sub>-PBzMA<sub>y</sub> diblock copolymers (x ≥ 16) prepared by polymerisation induced self-assembly (PISA) via reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerisation (Fielding et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2014, 136, 5790). However, a number of differences were observed such as de-gelation behaviour and the phase boundary positions compared to those expected from Fielding et al. Variable-temperature dynamic light scattering studies for the PLMA<sub>14</sub>-PBzMA<sub>34</sub> spheres revealed that the aggregation number was unaffected by a temperature increase over the range of 20-90 °C, which differed markedly from the behaviour observed for PLMA<sub>14</sub>-PBzMA<sub>64</sub> worms. This difference is a new observation with mechanistic importance for the worm-to-sphere breakdown mechanism. We show that concentrated PLMA<sub>14</sub>-PBzMA<sub>y</sub> dispersions (20% w/w) in n-dodecane can be prepared using post-polymerisation transfer. The dispersion with a mixed spherical and worm-like copolymer phase exhibited reversible de-gelation when heated. Surprisingly, the dispersions containing only the worm phase remained as gels (which were white) at temperatures up to 90 °C. Our new ATRP approach for preparing temperature-responsive non-aqueous nano-object dispersions presented here decoupled chain growth and self-assembly and will apply to other copolymer dispersions.
Radio Network Planning and Resource Optimization : Mathematical Models and Algorithms for UMTS, WLANs, and Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

The tremendous popularity of wireless technologies during the last decade has created a considerable expansion of wireless networks both in size and use. This fact, together with a great variety of mobile devices and numerous di®erent services that are becoming increasingly resourcedemanding, have attracted the attention of many researchers into the area of radio resource planning and optimization. Due to network complexity, these tasks require intelligent, automated approaches that are able to deal with many factors in order to enable design of high capacity networks with a high service quality at the lowest possible cost. This is a perfect application of optimization theory. In this thesis, mathematical optimization is considered as the main approach to designing and improving the performance of wireless networks such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and ad hoc networks. Due to different underlying access technologies, the optimization goals, design parameters and system limitations vary by network type. Therefore, the goals of the presented work are to identify a relevant optimization problem for each type of network, to model the problem and to apply the optimization approach in order to facilitate wireless network planning and improve radio resource utilization. The optimization problems addressed in this thesis, in the context of UMTS networks, focus on minimizing the total amount of pilot power which, from the modeling point of view, is not just an amount of power consumed by a certain type of control signal, but also an indicator of the interference level in the network and means of controlling cell coverage. The presented models and algorithms enable °exible coverage planning and optimization of pilot power and radio base station antenna confiration in large networks. For WLANs, in the First part of the study, the access point placement and the channel assignment problems are considered jointly to maximize net user throughput and minimize co- and adjacent channel interference and contention. The second part of the study addresses the contention issue and involves, among the other decisions, optimization of access point transmit power. Due to the dynamic and infrastructureless nature of ad hoc networks, static resource planning is less suitable for this type of network. Two algorithmic frameworks which enable dynamic topology control for power-efficient broadcasting in stationary and mobile networks are presented. In both frameworks, the performance of the presented algorithms is studied by simulations.
Drinkable, liquid in situ -forming and tough hydrogels for gastrointestinal therapeutics (2022)

ABSTRACT Tablets and capsules are a cornerstone of medicine, but these solid dosage forms can be challenging to swallow for geriatric and pediatric patients. While liquid formulations are easier to ingest, these formulations lack the capacity to localize therapeutics and excipients nor act as controlled release devices. To bridge the advantages of solid and liquid dosage forms, here we describe drug formulations based on liquid in situ -forming and tough (LIFT) hydrogels. Drug-loaded LIFT hydrogels are formed directly in the stomach through the sequential ingestion of a crosslinker solution of calcium and dithiol crosslinkers, followed by the ingestion of a drug-containing polymer solution of alginate and 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol)-maleimide. We show that LIFT hydrogels are mechanically tough and able to robustly form in the presence of complex gastric fluid and in vivo in rat and porcine stomachs. LIFT hydrogels are retained within the porcine stomach for up to 24 h, biocompatible, and safely cleared. These hydrogels deliver a total dose comparable to unencapsulated drug but with delayed and lower maximum drug plasma concentrations, providing a method for controlled release that may mitigate drug toxicity. Co-encapsulation of lactase as a model biologic drug and calcium carbonate mitigated gastric-mediated deactivation of encapsulated enzyme in rat and porcine models. We also demonstrate the potential of these hydrogels to encapsulate and protect a model therapeutic bacterium, E. coli Nissle 1917, against acid. LIFT hydrogels present a biocompatible means of tough, double-network hydrogel formation in situ in the gastric cavity, and may expand medication access for patients with difficulty swallowing.
Polymeric catalysts. IX. Cobalt complexes of polyureas based on bipyridine pyridine and crown ether for aldol condensation (1985)

Abstract We report herein studies of Co(OAc) 2 and related transition metal compounds which serve as catalysts for aldol condensations when complexed with bipyridine, triphenyl phosphine, and crown ether. A comparison has been made with polymeric complexes of cobalt(II), which serve the same purpose. Cobalt complexes of built‐in polyureas based on bipyridine and crown ether as well as those immobilized to polystyrene by triphenylphosphine and poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) are also reported.
Polarimetric Relative Pose Estimation (2019)

In this paper we consider the problem of relative pose estimation from two images with per-pixel polarimetric information. Using these additional measurements we derive a simple minimal solver for the essential matrix which only requires two point correspondences. The polarization constraints allow us to pointwise recover the 3D surface normal up to a two-fold ambiguity for the diffuse reflection. Since this ambiguity exists per point, there is a combinatorial explosion of possibilities. However, since our solver only requires two point correspondences, we only need to consider 16 configurations when solving for the relative pose. Once the relative orientation is recovered, we show that it is trivial to resolve the ambiguity for the remaining points. For robustness, we also propose a joint optimization between the relative pose and the refractive index to handle the refractive distortion. In experiments, on both synthetic and real data, we demonstrate that by leveraging the additional information available from polarization cameras, we can improve over classical methods which only rely on the 2D-point locations to estimate the geometry. Finally, we demonstrate the practical applicability of our approach by integrating it into a state-of-the-art global Structure-from-Motion pipeline.
Fast computation of wavelet transforms with the extended lapped transform (1992)

The use of the extended lapped transform (ELT) to implement orthogonal wavelet transforms (WTs) is suggested, and a fast algorithm is presented for the ELT-based WT. Its performance is quite close to that of maximally-regular WTs, in terms of regularity, filtering characteristics, and coding gains. The advantage of ELT-based WTs is that they lead to about half the computational complexity of maximally-regular WTs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prevalence and risk factors for Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Coxiella burnetii, and Newcastle disease virus in feral pigeons (Columba livia) in public areas of Montreal, Canada. (2016)

Feral pigeons (Columbia livia) can harbor a range of zoonotic pathogens. A transversal study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence of feral pigeons infected by various pathogens in public areas in Montreal, Quebec. Cloacal swabs from captured birds were cultured for Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. and tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for the detection of Coxiella burnetii. An oropharyngeal swab was also submitted to real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RRT-PCR) for the detection of Newcastle disease virus. Among the 187 pigeons tested from 10 public areas, 9.1% (95% CI: 3.0 to 15.2) were positive for Campylobacter spp. with all strains identified as Campylobacter jejuni. The Campylobacter status of birds was not associated with individual characteristics of birds, with the exception of body score. None of the pigeons tested positive for the other pathogens. Direct or indirect contacts with feral pigeons may constitute a potential risk for Campylobacter infection in humans.
Dipole induced transparency in waveguide coupled photonic crystal cavities (2008)

We demonstrate dipole induced transparency in an integrated photonic crystal device. We show that a single weakly coupled quantum dot can control the transmission of photons through a photonic crystal cavity that is coupled to waveguides on the chip. Control over the quantum dot and cavity resonance via local temperature tuning, as well as efficient out-coupling with an integrated grating structure is demonstrated.
Proteoglycan expression patterns in human hair follicle (2007)

GAG and PG expression along the human anagen hair follicle was characterized by (i) discontinuities mainly affecting the basement membrane and (ii) disappearance of some epitopes at catagen onset. These results are discussed in term of functionalities in nutrient diffusion, cell proliferation and differentiation, and hair protection.
Effects of multiwavelength photobiomodulation for the treatment of traumatic soft tissue injuries associated with bone fractures: A double‐blind, randomized controlled clinical trial (2023)

This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of multiwavelength photobiomodulation (MPBM) in healing soft tissue injuries associated with tibial and/or ankle fractures. Participants were randomized into the MPBM or control group. Primary outcome was wound healing, measured by the Bates-Jensen scale. Assessments were performed daily. Twenty-seven hospitalized adults were included. MPBM showed an improvement in the daily mean Bates-Jensen scale (MPBM 32.1 vs. control 34.2; p = 0.029), daily mean pain score change (MPBM 0.5 vs. control 0.2; p = 0.04) and occurrence of infection at the site of the external fixator pins (MPBM 15.3% vs. control 57.1%; p = 0.02). MPBM group also showed faster-wound resolution (MPBM 13.1 vs. control 23.1 days). Subgroup analysis showed improvement in the MPBM group among less severe patients on the Bates-Jensen scale (MPBM 27.4 vs. control 34.7; p = 0.0081) and mean time for wound resolution (MPBM 7.0 vs. control 14.6 days; p = 0.03). MPBM appears safe and effective in reducing wound resolution time, infection in the surgical pin sites, reported pain and time before definitive surgery.
Fault detection of a benchmark wind turbine using interval analysis (2012)

This paper investigates a state estimation set-membership approach for fault detection of a benchmark wind turbine. The main challenges in the benchmark are high noise on the wind speed measurement and the nonlinearities in the aerodynamic torque such that the overall model of the turbine is nonlinear. We use an effective wind speed estimator to estimate the effective wind speed and then using interval analysis and monotonicity of the aerodynamic torque with respect to the effective wind speed, we can apply the method to the nonlinear system. The fault detection algorithm checks the consistency of the measurement with a closed set that is computed based on the past measurements and a model of the system. If the measurement is not consistent with this set, a fault is detected. The result demonstrates effectiveness of the method for fault detection of the benchmark wind turbine.
Effect of reversible ATP depletion on tight-junction integrity in LLC-PK1 cells (1991)

To further understand and investigate how ischemia affects the tight junction we have developed a 2-h model of rapidly reversible ATP depletion and cellular injury in confluent LLC-PK1 monolayers. ATP depletion was achieved utilizing substrate-free medium containing 0.1 microM antimycin A (AA). Cellular ATP levels dropped rapidly to less than 5% of control values, but recovery of ATP and cell morphology was possible even after 2 h of exposure to AA. Ruthenium red, an electron-dense marker of tight-junction integrity, was excluded from the tight junctions of control monolayers but penetrated cellular tight junctions during ATP depletion in a duration-dependent manner. Electrical resistance across the monolayers remained unchanged in control monolayers but decreased linearly during ATP depletion to 59% of control values. Transmonolayer movement of [3H]mannitol increased from a control level of 7 to 13.5% during ATP depletion. Recovery of tight-junction integrity was demonstrated by a slowing of [3H]mannitol transfer from the basolateral to the apical medium. The transfer rate in control monolayers was 0.0126%/min. During the initial 120 min of cellular recovery from 2 h of ATP depletion, the transfer rate was 0.0789%/min, but this decreased to 0.0045%/min between 2 and 4 h of recovery. In summary, physiology, biochemical, and morphological evidence indicates that reversible ATP depletion results in rapid opening of cellular tight junctions. After ATP-repletion physiological studies indicate a recovery of tight-junction integrity.
Rapid detection of SARS-CoV2 by Ambient Mass Spectrometry Techniques (2020)

Ambient Ionisation Mass Spectrometry techniques: Desorption Electrospray Ionisation (DESI) and Laser Desorption – Rapid Evaporative Ionisation Mass Spectrometry (LD-REIMS) were used to detect the SARS-CoV-2 in dry nasal swabs. 45 patients were studied from samples collected between April – June 2020 in a clinical feasibility study. Diagnostic accuracy was calculated as 86.7% and 84% for DESI and LD-REIMS respectively. Results can be acquired in seconds providing robust and quick analysis of COVID-19 status which could be carried out without the need for a centralised laboratory. This technology has the potential to provide an alternative to population testing and enable the track and trace objectives set by governments and curtail the effects of a second surge in COVID-19 positive cases. In contrast to current PCR testing, using this technique there is no requirement of specific reagents which can cause devastating delays upon breakdowns of supply chains, thus providing a promising alternative testing method.
Figure S1 from Dopamine Receptor D5 is a Modulator of Tumor Response to Dopamine Receptor D2 Antagonism (2023)

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Ultrasound, a New Tool for Surface Matching in Computer-Navigated Surgery (2002)

One of the limitations in computer-assisted surgery is the complicated matching process. Using special algorithms, a surface was extracted from the data set of an ultrasound examination and matched in a semiautomatic mode with the surface of a CT data set, facilitating the matching process.
A programmable power metering chip (2002)

A programmable power metering chip that measures watt-hours, VAR-hours, and VA-hours is described. New techniques are employed to multiplex analog and digital hardware and achieve significant power and die size efficiences. The chip consists of three time-multiplexed /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ A/D (analog-to-digital) converters and an 8-bit programmable DSP (digital signal processor). It is fabricated in 1.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology with a 5.0 mm/spl times/5.5 mm die and consumes less than 75 mW with single 5-V supply.
Dynamic Small-Cell Clustering Using Affinity Propagation Algorithm in Asynchronous 5G NR OFDM Systems (2021)

In a joint transmission (JT) system using orthogonal frequency-division modulation (OFDM), performance degradation due to asynchronous interference resulting from the time difference of arrival is unavoidable. We propose an affinity propagation clustering (APC) algorithm for radio remote heads clustering for downlink JT in an asynchronous OFDM system. In particular, by closely connecting the principles of APC and JT with synchronization mismatch, we newly design <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pairwise similarities</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">preferences</i> of the APC algorithm. The proposed algorithm provides 1.5 times higher 5-percentile user spectral efficiency than the APC algorithm with a conventional similarity matrix, and it has the same time complexity in term of big O notation.
ChemInform Abstract: A FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 1,2,3‐BENZOXATHIAZINE 2,2‐DIOXIDES (1981)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von 2‐Acy1phenolen (I) mit Chlorsulfonylisocyanat (II) führt zu Benzoxathiazin‐Derivaten (III).
Calcium activation of cortical neurons by continuous electrical stimulation: Frequency dependence, temporal fidelity, and activation density (2018)

Electrical stimulation of the brain has become a mainstay of fundamental neuroscience research and an increasingly prevalent clinical therapy. Despite decades of use in basic neuroscience research and the growing prevalence of neuromodulation therapies, gaps in knowledge regarding activation or inactivation of neural elements over time have limited its ability to adequately interpret evoked downstream responses or fine-tune stimulation parameters to focus on desired responses. In this work, in vivo two-photon microscopy was used to image neuronal calcium activity in layer 2/3 neurons of somatosensory cortex (S1) in male C57BL/6J-Tg(Thy1-GCaMP6s)GP4.3Dkim/J mice during 30 s of continuous electrical stimulation at varying frequencies. We show frequency-dependent differences in spatial and temporal somatic responses during continuous stimulation. Our results elucidate conflicting results from prior studies reporting either dense spherical activation of somas biased toward those near the electrode, or sparse activation of somas at a distance via axons near the electrode. These findings indicate that the neural element specific temporal response local to the stimulating electrode changes as a function of applied charge density and frequency. These temporal responses need to be considered to properly interpret downstream circuit responses or determining mechanisms of action in basic science experiments or clinical therapeutic applications.
Introduction:  Organic Electronics and Optoelectronics (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTIntroduction: Organic Electronics and OptoelectronicsStephen R. Forrest and Mark E. ThompsonView Author Information University of Michigan University of Southern California Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 4, 923–925Publication Date (Web):April 11, 2007Publication History Published online11 April 2007Published inissue 1 April 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr0501590https://doi.org/10.1021/cr0501590research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16492Altmetric-Citations681LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Electronic structure,Materials,Natural organic matter,Organic electronics,Transistors Get e-Alerts