gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic System for Rapid and Sensitive Differential Detection of Pathogens (2005)

Naturally emerging and deliberately released pathogens demand new detection strategies to allow early recognition and containment. We describe a diagnostic system for rapid, sensitive, multiplex discrimination of microbial gene sequences and report its application for detecting 22 respiratory pathogens in clinical samples.
Methanol extract of Codium fragile inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 and invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells by suppressing nuclear factor-κB activation (2016)

MECF exhibited its anti-invasive capability by downregulating TNF-α-induced MMP-9 expression, resulting from the suppression of NF-κB activity in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231.
Frequency dependent plasma characteristics in a capacitively coupled 300 mm wafer plasma processing chamber (2006)

Argon plasma characteristics in a dual-frequency, capacitively coupled, 300 mm-wafer plasma processing system were investigated for rf drive frequencies between 10 and 190 MHz. We report spatial and frequency dependent changes in plasma parameters such as line-integrated electron density, ion saturation current, optical emission and argon metastable density. For the conditions investigated, the line-integrated electron density was a nonlinear function of drive frequency at constant rf power. In addition, the spatial distribution of the positive ions changed from uniform to peaked in the centre as the frequency was increased. Spatially resolved optical emission increased with frequency and the relative optical emission at several spectral lines depended on frequency. Argon metastable density and spatial distribution were not a strong function of drive frequency. Metastable temperature was approximately 400 K.
Output Stabilization of Wavelength-Swept Laser Based on Closed-Loop Control of Fabry–Pérot Tunable Wavelength Filter for Fiber-Optic Sensors (2022)

The output of a wavelength-swept laser (WSL) based on a fiber Fabry-Pérot tunable filter (FFP-TF) tends to shift the peak wavelength due to external temperature or heat generated by the FFP-TF itself. Therefore, when measuring the output of WSL for a long time, it is very difficult to accurately measure a signal in the temporal domain corresponding to a specific wavelength of the output of the WSL. If the wavelength variation of the WSL output can be predicted through the peak time information of the forward scan or the backward scan from the WSL, the variation of the peak wavelength can be compensated for by adjusting the offset voltage applied to the FFP-TF. This study presents a successful stabilization method for peak wavelength variation in WSLs by adjusting the offset voltage of the FFP-TF with closed-loop control. The closed-loop control is implemented by measuring the deviation in the WSL peak position in the temporal domain using the trigger signal of the function generator. The feedback repetition rate for WSL stabilization was approximately 0.2 s, confirming that the WSL output and the peak position for the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) reflection spectrum were kept constant within ±7 μs at the maximum when the stabilization loop was applied. The standard deviations of WSL output and reflection peak positions were 1.52 μs and 1.59 μs, respectively. The temporal and spectral domains have a linear relationship; the ±7 μs maximum variation of the peak position corresponded to ±0.035 nm of the maximum wavelength variation in the spectral domain. The proposed WSL system can be used as a light source for temperature or strain-dependent sensors as it compensates for the WSL wavelength variation in applications that do not require a fast scanning rate.
Transition Metal Chalcogenides as a Versatile and Tunable Platform for Catalytic CO2 and N2 Electroreduction (2021)

Group VI transition metal chalcogenides are the subject of increasing research interest for various electrochemical applications such as low-temperature water electrolysis, batteries, and supercapacitors due to their high activity, chemical stability, and the strong correlation between structure and electrochemical properties. Particularly appealing is their utilization as electrocatalysts for the synthesis of energy vectors and value-added chemicals such as C-based chemicals from the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2R) or ammonia from the nitrogen fixation reaction (NRR). This review discusses the role of structural and electronic properties of transition metal chalcogenides in enhancing selectivity and activity toward these two key reduction reactions. First, we discuss the morphological and electronic structure of these compounds, outlining design strategies to control and fine-tune them. Then, we discuss the role of the active sites and the strategies developed to enhance the activity of transition metal chalcogenide-based catalysts in the framework of CO2R and NRR against the parasitic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER); leveraging on the design rules applied for HER applications, we discuss their future perspective for the applications in CO2R and NRR. For these two reactions, we comprehensively review recent progress in unveiling reaction mechanisms at different sites and the most effective strategies for fabricating catalysts that, by exploiting the structural and electronic peculiarities of transition metal chalcogenides, can outperform many metallic compounds. Transition metal chalcogenides outperform state-of-the-art catalysts for CO2 to CO reduction in ionic liquids due to the favorable CO2 adsorption on the metal edge sites, whereas the basal sites, due to their conformation, represent an appealing design space for reduction of CO2 to complex carbon products. For the NRR instead, the resemblance of transition metal chalcogenides to the active centers of nitrogenase enzymes represents a powerful nature-mimicking approach for the design of catalysts with enhanced performance, although strategies to hinder the HER must be integrated in the catalytic architecture.
Contributions of T-type calcium channel isoforms to neuronal firing (2010)

Low voltage-activated (LVA) T-type calcium channels play critical roles in the excitability of many cell types and are a focus of research aimed both at understanding the physiological basis of calcium channel-dependent signaling and the underlying pathophysiology associated with hyperexcitability disorders such as epilepsy. These channels play a critical role towards neuronal firing in both conducting calcium ions during action potentials and also in switching neurons between distinct modes of firing. In this review the properties of the CaV3.1, CaV3.2 and CaV3.3 T-type channel isoforms is discussed in relation to their individual contributions to action potentials during burst and tonic firing states as well their roles in switching between firing states.
StrassenNets: Deep Learning with a Multiplication Budget. (2018)

A large fraction of the arithmetic operations required to evaluate deep neural networks (DNNs) consists of matrix multiplications, in both convolution and fully connected layers. We perform end-to-end learning of low-cost approximations of matrix multiplications in DNN layers by casting matrix multiplications as 2-layer sum-product networks (SPNs) (arithmetic circuits) and learning their (ternary) edge weights from data. The SPNs disentangle multiplication and addition operations and enable us to impose a budget on the number of multiplication operations. Combining our method with knowledge distillation and applying it to image classification DNNs (trained on ImageNet) and language modeling DNNs (using LSTMs), we obtain a first-of-a-kind reduction in number of multiplications (over 99.5%) while maintaining the predictive performance of the full-precision models. Finally, we demonstrate that the proposed framework is able to rediscover Strassen’s matrix multiplication algorithm, learning to multiply 2×2 matrices using only 7 multiplications instead of 8.
Perspectives in immunotherapy: meeting report from the “Immunotherapy Bridge” (December 4th–5th, 2019, Naples, Italy) (2021)

Over the last few years, numerous clinical trials and real-world experience have provided a large amount of evidence demonstrating the potential for long-term survival with immunotherapy agents across various malignancies, beginning with melanoma and extending to other tumours. The clinical success of immune checkpoint blockade has encouraged increasing development of other immunotherapies. It has been estimated that there are over 3000 immuno-oncology trials ongoing, targeting hundreds of disease and immune pathways. Evolving topics on cancer immunotherapy, including the state of the art of immunotherapy across various malignancies, were the focus of discussions at the Immunotherapy Bridge meeting (4-5 December, 2019, Naples, Italy), and are summarised in this report.
Abstract A73: Human granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in metastatic breast cancer patients is a heterogeneous population with angiogenic potential in vivo (2020)

Abstract MDSCs are potent immunosuppressive myeloid cells that have been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. In humans, MDSCs are divided into Mo-GMDSCs and G-MDSCs subgroups, depending on their surface phenotype and function. While their immunosuppressive properties have been extensively studied, knowledge about their origin and their tumor-promoting functions per se remains scarce. In this study, we demonstrate that G-MDSCs are significantly enriched in the peripheral blood of locoregional recurrent metastatic breast cancer (LRR/MBC) compared to healthy donors. The G-MDSCs display a heterogeneous population with a morphology representing one blast-like and one polymorphonuclear (PMN) population. In a breast cancer xenograft model, co-transplanting G-MDSCs sorted from LRR/MBC together with breast cancer cells significantly promoted angiogenesis and tumor growth. Gene expression profiling analysis revealed that G-MDSCs from LRR/MBC rather clustered with neutrophils from healthy donors, sharing similar expression in genes relevant for angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and immunosuppression, but surprisingly not with G-MDSCs from sepsis patients. We conclude that enrichment of G-MDSCs in metastatic breast cancer represents a heterogeneous population of activated neutrophils that can promote angiogenesis and tumor progression, and immature blasts of yet unknown character. Citation Format: Meliha Mehmeti, Caroline Bergenfelz, Daniel Bexell, Robert Carlsson, Rebecka Hellsten, Anna-Maria Larsson, Niklas Loman, Kristian Riesbeck, Jonas Ahl, Camilla Rydberg-Millrud, Gesine Paul-Visse, Lisa Rydén, Fredrika Killander, Karin Leandersson. Human granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSCs) in metastatic breast cancer patients is a heterogeneous population with angiogenic potential in vivo [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2018 Nov 27-30; Miami Beach, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(4 Suppl):Abstract nr A73.
HyperProtect: Enhancing the Performance of a Dynamic Backup System Using Intelligent Scheduling (2018)

The extraordinary increase in the scale of the backup system and the daily data generated by large enterprise companies are making it extremely challenging to perform data protection efficiently. Traditionally this challenge is left for the backup administrators who are tasked with ensuring the backup and recovery goals are met by designing elaborate static backup schedules. However, the inability of the static backup schedules to adapt alongside the dynamic backup environment results in backup systems that miss their goals. The inefficiency of static backup schedules makes designing an intelligent scheduling algorithm for dynamic backup systems significantly necessary and important. In our paper, we propose an intelligent backup scheduler, HyperProtect, to effectively and efficiently allocate the vast amount of backup contents generated by large scale backup systems to the storage units. To perform empirical comparison of various schedulers, we propose three metrics, storage throughput utilization, backup time consistency, and storage switching to evaluate the backup and restore performance. Based on the experimental results, our scheduler, HyperProtect, achieves more than 55% decrease on storage switching while maintaining good storage throughput utilization and backup time consistency within 1% and 10% of the existing backup scheduler, respectively.
InAlAs/InGaAs HBTs using magnesium p-type dopant (2002)

The characteristics of Mg as a dopant in GaAs, AlGaAs, and InGaAs were studied to investigate its use as an alternative to the extremely hazardous Be widely used as a compound semiconductor p-type dopant in MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) growth. It is shown that doping with Mg is possible in all of these semiconductors at 1*10/sup 19//cm/sup 3/ and above. InAlAs/InGaAs HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors) using Mg for the p-type base dopant were fabricated experimentally, yielding good results with f/sub t/=32 GHz despite a large 3000-AA base thickness, a dual emitter of 2 mu m*5 mu m and a 220 mu m/sup 2/ base-collector junction area. This demonstrates that Mg is thoroughly usable as a p-type dopant for compound semiconductor devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Biomedical Applications of Semiconductor Quantum Dots (2006)

In recent decades‚ the exquisite sensitivity and versatility of optical technologies have led to numerous breakthroughs in biological research‚ including real-time imaging of live cells‚ gene expression profiling‚ cell sorting‚ and clinical diagnostics. A key component in optical detection schemes is the probe design. These probes are constructed from organic fluorophores‚ such as fluorescein and tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)‚ and recognition molecules. The optical emission of fluorophores is used to visualize the activities of biomolecules‚ while the recognition molecules direct the fluorophores to specific cells‚ tissues‚ or organs. Although optical probes are widely used‚ most organic fluorophores exhibit unfavourable properties that have hampered their applications in single-protein tracking in living cells‚ molecular pathology‚ and other research areas. These properties include photobleaching‚ sensitivity to environmental conditions‚ and inability to excite multiple fluorophores using a single wavelength. A new generation of probes has emerged in the last five years that overcomes many of the limitations associated with organic fluorophores. These probes employ fluorophores that are sub-100 nm in size and composed of inorganic atoms. Unlike organic-only fluorophores‚ the optical and electronic properties of inorganic fluorophores can be tuned during the synthesis process by changing their size‚ shape‚ or composition. In this chapter‚ we will describe the use of one type of inorganic fluorophore‚ semiconductor nanocrystals‚ for the development of “custom-designed” probes for biomedical detection. Semiconductor nanocrystals‚ also known as “quantum dots” (qdots)‚ are typically composed of atoms from groups II-VI (CdSe‚ CdS‚ ZnSe) and III-V (InP and InAs)‚ and are defined as particles with physical dimensions smaller than the Bohr exciton radius. The Bohr exciton radius of prototypical CdSe qdots‚ as illustrated in Fig. 1‚ is ~10 nm. The unique optical and electronic properties of qdots have spurred a great deal of research into their potential applications in the design of novel biological probes‚ light emitting diodes‚ photovoltaic cells‚ among other devices.
Writing mesoscale patterns in block copolymer thin films through channel flow of a nonsolvent fluid (2007)

The authors demonstrate how a nonsolvent fluid, flowing over the surface of a block copolymer thin film in a complex path defined by a channel, can locally tailor the alignment of cylindrical microdomains. The cylinders have a periodicity of ∼30nm, while the mesoscale pattern has a millimeter length scale. A diverging-converging channel is employed to measure alignment quality over a range of applied stresses in a single experiment; the results are compared with analogous measurements where the stress is applied through a controlled-stress rheometer, and can be satisfactorily described by a melting-recrystallization model.
- Coatings for fresh fruits and vegetables (2011)

Coatings applied to the surfaces of fruit and vegetables are commonly called waxes, whether or not any component thereof is actually a wax. The application of coatings to apples, citrus, stone fruits, avocadoes, tomatoes, and cucumbers prior to marketing is standard practice in the United States and many other countries. The purpose of coatings on fruit and vegetables is to reduce water loss, slow senescence and aging, impart shine, and allow for better quality and marketing price. Furthermore, coatings create a modied atmosphere inside the produce and protect the product from pathogens and contaminants. Coatings become more important for fruit that are washed prior to storage and shipping, because during that process, brushes partially remove the natural wax on the produce surface, which aggravates water loss and increases deterioration (Baldwin, 1994; Hagenmaier and Baker, 1993c). When coatings are formulated, special attention needs to be paid to the produce on which it will be used to avoid an excess modication of internal O2 and CO2, which can cause anaerobic respiration with consequent ethanol production, off-¤avor, and other physiological disorders (Bai et al., 2002b; Baldwin et al., 1999a; Hagenmaier, 2002). Finally, when making a coating, companies need to take into account applicable food laws. Some ingredients, such as polyethylene, are approved for citrus in the United States by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) but are not approved for pome fruit (Baldwin, 1994). Likewise, morpholine, the basic portion that allows waxes to get into emulsions, is approved in the United States but not in Europe.
Optimization and assessment of a novel gastric electrode anchoring system designed to be implanted by minimally invasive surgery (2021)

A novel electrode anchoring design and its implantation procedure, aiming for a minimally invasive solution for gastric electrical stimulation, are presented. The system comprises an anchor made of a flexible body embedding two needle-shaped electrodes. The electrodes can easily switch from a parallel position - to pierce the stomach - to a diverging position - enabling them to remain firmly anchored into the muscular layer of the stomach. Key device parameters governing anchoring stability were assessed on a traction test bench, and optimal values were derived. The device was then implanted in six dogs by open surgery to assess its anchoring durability in vivo. Computed tomography images showed that the electrodes remained well placed within the dogs' gastric wall over the entire assessment period (more than one year). Finally, a prototype of a surgical tool for the minimally invasive device placement was manufactured, and the anchoring procedure was tested on a dog cadaver, providing the proof of concept of the minimally invasive implantation procedure. The use of our electrode anchoring system in long-term gastric electrical stimulation is promising in terms of implantation stability (the anchor withstands a force up to 0.81 N), durability (the anchor remains onto the stomach over one year) and minimal invasiveness of the procedure (the diameter of the percutaneous access is smaller than 12 mm). Moreover, the proposed design could have clinical applications in other hollow organs, such as the urinary bladder.
Heterologous Prime/Boost Immunization With p53-based Vaccines Combined With Toll-like Receptor Stimulation Enhances Tumor Regression (2010)

The p53 gene product is overexpressed in approximately 50% of cancers, making it an ideal target for cancer immunotherapy. We previously demonstrated that a modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) vaccine expressing human p53 (MVA-p53) was moderately active when given as a homologous prime/boost in a human p53 knock in (Hupki) mouse model. We needed to improve upon the inefficient homologous boosting approach, because development of neutralizing immunity to the vaccine viral vector backbone suppresses its immunogenicity. To enhance specificity, we examined the combination of 2 different vaccine vectors provided in sequence as a heterologous prime/boost. Hupki mice were evaluated as a human p53 tolerant model to explore the capacity of heterologous p53 immunization to reject human p53-expressing tumors. We employed attenuated recombinant Listeria monocytogenes expressing human p53 (LmddA-LLO-p53) in addition to MVA-p53. Heterologous p53 immunization resulted in a significant increase in p53-specific CD8 and CD4 T cells compared with homologous single vector p53 immunization. Heterologous p53 immunization induced protection against tumor growth but had only a modest effect on established tumors. To enhance the immune response we used synthetic double-strand RNA (polyinsosinic:polycytidylic acid) and unmethylated CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide to activate the innate immune system via Toll-like receptors. Treatment of established tumor-bearing Hupki mice with polyinsosinic:polycytidylic acid and CpG-oligodeoxynucleotide in combination with heterologous p53 immunization resulted in enhanced tumor rejection relative to treatment with either agent alone. These results suggest that heterologous prime/boost immunization and Toll-like receptor stimulation increases the efficacy of a cancer vaccine, targeting a tolerized tumor antigen.
Performance evaluation of dynamic point selection CoMP scheme in heterogeneous networks with FTP traffic model (2012)

High traffic demand is considered as one of the key challenge in modern wireless communication systems which are typically limited by amount of available spectrum. Recently heterogeneous networks (HetNet) have been proposed as an attractive approach to cope with this problem, by enabling cell splitting gain via deployment of an additional layer of pico-cells. While low power and small antenna height of pico-cell base stations simplify search of the site location, the efficiency of cell splitting gain in HetNet is typically limited by small coverage area of pico-cells. To address the issue of HetNet performance in LTE-A Rel-11, coordinated multipoint (CoMP) traffic management schemes were considered. In particular a combination of dynamic point selection (DPS) with dynamic point blanking (DPB) was identified as a promising mechanism to provide cell load balancing and interference mitigation in HetNet. Dynamicity of CoMP schemes is expected to provide performance benefits in various scenarios including non-full buffer traffic models, where scheduling decisions of DPS/DPB can be based on the instantaneous cell's loading conditions. In this paper we provide detailed system level performance analysis for DPS/DPB CoMP scheme in HetNet scenario with non-full buffer FTP traffic model. The performance results are conducted for different traffic loadings of the cells and DPS/DPB scheduling decision granularities.
Ultrahigh-density deuterium of Rydberg matter clusters for inertial confinement fusion targets (2009)

Abstract Clusters of condensed deuterium of densities up to 10 29 cm −3 in pores in solid oxide crystals were confirmed from time-of-flight mass spectrometry measurements. Based on these facts, a schematic outline and possible conclusions of expectable generalizations are presented, which may lead to a simplification of laser driven fusion energy including new techniques for preparation of targets for application in experiments of the NIF type, but also for modified fast igniter experiments using proton or electron beams or side-on ignition of low compressed solid fusion fuel.