gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distraction Osteogenesis of Free Interpositional Membranous Bone (1999)

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of bone formation in distraction osteogenesis of the free interpositional membranous bone. Three canine dogs were used as subjects. Two mandibular osteotomies were made in the mandibular body. The oral soft tissue and periosteum of the segment between the two osteotomies were freed from periosteum and the surrounding soft tissue as a free interpositional bone graft 2 cm wide was created. The free interpositional bone was fixed to the proximal mandibular body with a miniplate. The external fixation device was applied to the proximal mandibular body and the distal mandibular body. Mandibular distractions were performed postoperatively at a rate of 1 mm/day for a total of 10-mm distraction for 10 days. The latency period was 1 week in Dog 1, 2 weeks in Dog 2, and 3 weeks in Dog 3. Three dogs were killed 6 weeks after distraction, and interpositional bone specimens were obtained. In Dogs 1 and 2, the free interpositional bone showed severe resorption and had no new bone formation at the distracted area. However, in Dog 3, new bone developed along the distracted gap. Our study demonstrated the possibility of distraction osteogenesis in the free interpositional membranous bone and suggested that free interpositional membranous bone be allowed, under rigid fixation device, to have enough revascularization from surrounding tissue to have osteogenesis for at least 3 weeks or even more.
Clinical Grade Purification and Expansion of NK Cell Products for an Optimized Manufacturing Protocol (2013)

Allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells are used for adoptive immunotherapy after stem cell transplantation. In order to overcome technical limitations in NK cell purification and activation, the following study investigates the impact of different variables on NK cell recovery, cytotoxicity, and T-cell depletion during good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade NK cell selection. Forty NK cell products were derived from 54 unstimulated donor leukaphereses using immunomagnetic CD3 T-cell depletion, followed by a CD56 cell enrichment step. For T-cell depletion, either the depletion 2.1 program in single or double procedure (D2.11depl, n = 18; D2.12depl, n = 13) or the faster depletion 3.1 (D3.1, n = 9) was used on the CliniMACS instrument. Seventeen purified NK cell products were activated in vitro by IL-2 for 12 days. The whole process resulted in a median number of 7.59 × 10(8) CD56(+)CD3(-) cells with both purity and viability of 94%, respectively. The T-cell depletion was significantly better using D2.11depl/2depl compared to D3.1 (log 4.6/log 4.9 vs. log 3.7; p < 0.01) and double procedure in two stages led always to residual T cells below 0.1%. In contrast D3.1 was superior to D2.11depl/2depl with regard to recovery of CD56(+)CD3(-) NK cells (68% vs. 41%/38%). Concomitant monocytes and especially IL-2 activation led to increased NK cell activity against malignant target cells compared to unstimulated NK cells, which correlated with both up-regulation of natural cytotoxicity receptors and intracellular signaling. Overall, wide variations in the NK cell expansion rate and the distribution of NK cell subpopulations were found. In conclusion, our results indicate that GMP-grade purification of NK cells might be improved by a sequential processing of T-cell depletion program D2.1 and D3.1. In addition NK cell expansion protocols need to be further optimized.
Data from Progression of Lung Cancer Is Associated with Increased Dysfunction of T Cells Defined by Coexpression of Multiple Inhibitory Receptors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Dysfunctional T cells present in malignant lesions are characterized by a sustained and highly diverse expression of inhibitory receptors, also referred to as immune checkpoints. Yet, their relative functional significance in different cancer types remains incompletely understood. In this study, we provide a comprehensive characterization of the diversity and expression patterns of inhibitory receptors on tumor-infiltrating T cells from patients with non–small cell lung cancer. In spite of the large heterogeneity observed in the amount of PD-1, Tim-3, CTLA-4, LAG-3, and BTLA expressed on intratumoral CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells from 32 patients, a clear correlation was established between increased expression of these inhibitory coreceptors and progression of the disease. Notably, the latter was accompanied by a progressively impaired capacity of T cells to respond to polyclonal activation. Coexpression of several inhibitory receptors was gradually acquired, with early PD-1 and late LAG-3/BTLA expression. PD-1 blockade was able to restore T-cell function only in a subset of patients. A high percentage of PD-1&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt; T cells was correlated with poor restoration of T-cell function upon PD-1 blockade. Of note, PD-1&lt;sup&gt;hi&lt;/sup&gt; expression marked a particularly dysfunctional T-cell subset characterized by coexpression of multiple inhibitory receptors and thus may assist in identifying patients likely to respond to inhibitory receptor–specific antibodies. Overall, these data may provide a framework for future personalized T-cell–based therapies aiming at restoration of tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte effector functions. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Immunol Res; 3(12); 1344–55. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
[A case of pulmonary tumorlet with tuberculoma misdiagnosed as small cell lung carcinoma by transbronchial lung biopsy]. (1995)

A 59-year-old woman was picked up by chest X-ray findings. Her CT scan film showed a tumor shadow in the upper lobe of the left lung, and by transbronchial lung biopsy, she was diagnosed as a small cell lung carcinoma. Lobectomy was performed, but the lesion was diagnosed as tuberculoma by frozen section. Furthermore, on postoperative histological examination, a minute lesion of tumorlet, which was histologically identical to that preoperatively detected by transbronchial lung biopsy was found in the adjacent tissues of the tuberculoma. Pulmonary tumorlet is clinically a rare lesion, but the diagnosis and treatment for small-sized tumor or tumor-like lesion may be carefully done, taking into account the existence or co-existence of tumorlet lesion.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Kinetic Resolution in the Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of Imines of 3‐Substituted Indanones and 4‐Substituted Tetralones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mechanisms of fever induced by recombinant human interferon. (1984)

Since the early trials using human interferon (hIFN) derived from blood leukocytes or cell lines, fever has been a prominent component of IFN therapy. Human protein impurities might account for the fever to cell-derived hIFN, but recombinant hIFN, free of extraneous human proteins, has produced fever in nearly all recipients during clinical trials. Our present studies were carried out to determine the mechanisms of fever due to recombinant hIFN currently being used in humans. Because recombinant hIFN is produced in Escherichia coli, in these experiments we considered contaminating endotoxin as the cause of fever. Polymyxin B, which blocks endotoxin, had no effect on the pyrogenicity of hIFN in rabbits. In addition, hIFN injected into an endotoxin-resistant strain of mice produced fever. The pyrogenicity of hIFN does not appear to involve production of leukocytic pyrogen (LP), since no circulating LP was detected in rabbits during IFN fever. Furthermore, human mononuclear cells incubated with hIFN in vitro at 10(4)-10(6) U/ml did not release LP. However, hIFN stimulated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release from rabbit hypothalamic tissue in vitro. Intracerebroventricular injection of hIFN into the awake cat also produced fever and a rise in PGE2 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid; both effects were reversed by treatment with indomethacin. We conclude that the fever of recombinant hIFN is not due to endotoxin but that hIFN is intrinsically pyrogenic by inducing PGE2 in the hypothalamus.
Sequential expression of CD39 regulates late developmental Th17 plasticity imparting a regulatory cell phenotype (179.20) (2012)

Abstract Background: CD39 is an immune cell phenotype marker that exhibits ectonucleotidase activity, converting extracellular nucleotides to nucleosides. Although CD39 has been associated with Treg, the ectoenzyme is also expressed by a subpopulation of memory T-cells (CD4mem) with effector functions. We postulate that CD39 imparts plasticity to T helper type 17 (Th17) as well as co-ordinating Treg cellular programs of differentiation. Methods and Results: CD4mem cells were exposed to 1) IL6+IL1β+rTGFβ or 2) IL6+IL1β+IL23 or 3) IL6+IL1β+rTGFβ+IL23 to induce Th17 polarization. Cells were then treated with high dose IL2+anti-CD3/anti-CD28 to favour Treg differentiation and then re-exposed to Th17 differentiating conditions to induce putative reverse or suppressive Th17 (revTh17) cell. Impacts of purinergic mediators on the effector phenotype and functions were assessed. CD4mem could be differentiated sequentially to Th17, Treg and revTh17. In contrast to the inflammatory properties associated with prototypic Th17 cells, revTh17 exhibited a suppressive phenotype. Cells responded in a context-dependent manner to adenosine that boosted revTh17 suppression in the absence of TGFβ. Conclusion: Differential levels of expression of CD39 designate early Th17 cells from later Treg/revTh17 cell plasticity. The potential for Treg to revert to the inflammatory Th17 phenotype is mitigated by expression of CD39, as indicated by enhancements of suppressive function in vitro.
Effects of pressure drop rate and CO2 content on the foaming behavior of newly developed high-melt-strength polypropylene in continuous extrusion (2020)

We report systematic studies on the foamability of our novel high-melt-strength long-chain branched polypropylene under supercritical CO 2 . Continuous foaming experiments were conducted using a tandem extrusion system and a set of filamentary dies with similar pressure drops but different pressure drop rates. The foam expansion was controlled by varying the temperature at the die exit. Under identical CO 2 loadings, the expansion ratio plotted as a function of die temperature exhibited similar shapes across multiple pressure drop rates. However, the shape of the curve varied across different amounts of CO 2 , under which the highest achievable expansion ratio occurred at a lower die temperature with increasing CO 2 content. The cell density displayed strong dependence on both the pressure drop rate and the amount of dissolved CO 2 . The effect of the latter became more apparent at lower pressure drop rates. The average cell size decreased with increasing CO 2 loading but generally showed weak dependence on pressure drop rate except at the highest value.
Flame‐Retardant Materials: Intumescent All‐Polymer Multilayer Nanocoating Capable of Extinguishing Flame on Fabric (Adv. Mater. 34/2011) (2011)

Cotton fabric is the most used natural textile, but it is highly flammable. By treating fabric with intumescent nanocoatings, composed of nitrogen-rich and phosphorous-rich polymers and prepared via layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly, the cotton fabric can be rendered anti-flammable. In some cases, no ignition occurs, as reported by Jaime C. Grunlan and co-workers on page 3926. The cover photograph is a dramatization created by Texas A&M Engineering graphic designer Charlie Apel.
Cytoreductive nephron‐sparing surgery does not appear to undermine disease‐specific survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (2007)

Although the data were limited in size and completeness, they may indicate that RCC-specific survival may not be undermined if NSS is performed in properly selected cases.
Magnetoencephalographic Mapping: Basis of a New Functional Risk Profile in the Selection of Patients with Cortical Brain Lesions (1997)

Our results suggest that MEG mapping-derived FRPs can serve as powerful tools for use in presurgical planning and during surgery.
Polycrystalline In-Ga-O semiconductor for high-performance thin-film transistor (2012)

We have developed a high mobility oxide semiconductor using a polycrystalline In-Ga-O (IGO) as a channel material. The IGO thin-film transistor (TFT) showed a field-effect mobility of 39.1 cm2V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage of 1.4 V, and a subthreshold gate voltage swing of 0.12 V/decade. The polycrystalline IGO thin film showed the cubic bixbyite structure of In 2 O 3 without an obvious preferred orientation. The average grain size of polycrystalline IGO was about 10 μm. The high mobility of IGO TFT is related to the In 2 O 3 crystalline phase and large grain size of the IGO film. The potential barrier height at grain boundary of the polycrystalline IGO was lower than 20 meV
Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of deep vein thrombosis: a regional consensus. (2003)

Considerable progress has been made in the understanding of the risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE). The clinical applications of molecular techniques have allowed identification of important inherited, yet not uncommon, risk factors for VTE, such as mutations that cause Factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A. However, advances in our understanding have raised several questions regarding the need for, and duration of anticoagulation. At the end of the treatment period, low molecular weight heparins have become the drugs of choice and standard-of-care for VTE. In this review, cost effective diagnostic approaches for patients with suspected deep vein thrombosis, and recommended treatment options using evidence-based approaches, are described.
Avoiding a Lemon: Performance Consistency of Single-Use Ureteroscopes (2019)

LithoVue and the newer PU3022a have similar "out-of-the-box" performance characteristics and seem durable. These two single-use flexible ureteroscopes performed consistently regardless of the manufacturer.
Nonuniform Circumferential Deformation of the Abdominal Aorta: A Cross-Species Comparison (2007)

Arterial wall biomechanics are thought to be important in aneurysm development and atherosclerotic plaque localization. Vessel wall dilation occurs because of pulsatile blood flow during the cardiac cycle. Until recently, it was commonly assumed that this dilation occurred concentrically about the center of the lumen. However, dynamic MR, CT, and ultrasound imaging techniques have now shown that aortic wall motion undergoes unequal circumferential deformation during the cardiac cycle. This phenomenon has been observed in both humans and pigs [1, 2]. The purpose of our study was to determine whether variations in circumferential aortic wall dilation persist across mammalian species.
Postoperative PINP in serum reflects metastatic potential and poor survival in node-positive breast cancer. (2001)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the postoperative serum markers of type I collagen synthesis (PINP,PICP) and degradation (ICTP) and their possible potential for predicting the spread of disease and survival. 373 node-positive breast cancer patients were enrolled. 120 patients (32%) developed recurrent disease in the follow-up. The mean time to recurrence was 17 months and the mean follow-up time was 45 months. The mean level of PINP was significantly elevated in the patients who developed metastatic disease in the follow-up as compared with those without metastases. PINP was statistically significantly higher in all the patients who developed bone metastases than in those without metastases. When patients with only bone metastases or patients with bone and soft tissue and/or visceral metastases and patients with only visceral or soft tissue metastases were compared with those not exhibiting metastases, PINP was significantly higher in the group with recurrence in the bone, but there were no significant differences in serum PINP, PICP or ICTP values between the patients with only bone metastases and those who developed soft or visceral metastases during the follow-up. Postoperative high PINP was also a factor for poorer survivaL Tumor size, malignancy grade and progesterone receptors were shown in multivariate analysis to be predictors of recurrence and tumor size and PINP and progesterone receptors to be predictors of survivaL
Modeling Discontinuous Behavior with Hybrid Bond Graphs (2003)

This paper discusses a technique that combines bond graph energy-flow modeling and signal-flow modeling schemes for modeling discontinuities in physical systems. This enables the generation of complex, multi-mode behaviors without violating the energy flow principles imposed by bond graphs. Mode switching is achieved by controlled junctions which assume one of two states: on and off. The control function of the junctions are specified as state transition graphs or tables. The modeling methodology presents a common framework for modeling abrupt switching elements, piecewise linear components, and subsystems that undergo structural changes without having to pre enumerate system modes. 1 Introduction Recent advances in model-based and qualitative reasoning have led to researchers developing large scale models of complex, continuous systems, such as power plants, aircraft, and space station sub-systems. Configuration and individual component description changes cause multimode behavior i...
Generation and Intermolecular Additions of Pyridylmethyl Radicals (2008)

2-, 3-, or 4-Pyridylmethyl radicals can be made to add to nonactivated alkenes to give a variety of otherwise inaccessible pyridine derivatives. Bicyclic structures can be obtained by combining the radical addition with ionic ring-closure steps.
Normal hypertrophy accompanied by phosphoryation and activation of AMP‐activated protein kinase α1 following overload in LKB1 knockout mice (2008)

The activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is hypothesized to underlie the fact that muscle growth following resistance exercise is decreased by concurrent endurance exercise. To directly test this hypothesis, the capacity for muscle growth was determined in mice lacking the primary upstream kinase for AMPK in skeletal muscle, LKB1. Following either 1 or 4 weeks of overload, there was no difference in muscle growth between the wild type (wt) and LKB1(-/-) mice (1 week: wt, 38.8 +/- 7.75%; LKB1(-/-), 27.8 +/- 12.98%; 4 week: wt, 75.8 +/- 15.2%; LKB1(-/-), 85.0 +/- 22.6%). In spite of the fact that the LKB1 had been knocked out in skeletal muscle, the phosphorylation and activity of the alpha1 isoform of AMPK were markedly increased in both the wt and the LKB1(-/-) mice. To identify the upstream kinase(s) responsible, we studied potential upstream kinases other than LKB1. The activity of both Ca(2+)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase alpha (CaMKKalpha) (5.05 +/- 0.86-fold) and CaMKKbeta (10.1 +/- 2.59-fold) increased in the overloaded muscles, and this correlated with their increased expression. Phosphorylation of TAK-1 also increased 10-fold following overload in both the wt and LKB1 mice. Even though the alpha1 isoform of AMPK was activated by overload, there were no increases in expression of mitochondrial proteins or GLUT4, indicating that the alpha1 isoform is not involved in these metabolic adaptations. The phosphorylation of TSC2, an upstream regulator of the TORC1 pathway, at the AMPK site (Ser1345) was increased in response to overload, and this was not affected by LKB1 deficiency. Taken together, these data suggest that the alpha1 isoform of AMPK is preferentially activated in skeletal muscle following overload in the absence of metabolic adaptations, suggesting that this isoform might be important in the regulation of growth but not metabolism.
METABOLIC SUBSTRATE ENGINEERING AS A TOOL FOR GLYCOBIOLOGY (2002)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors thank Bristol-Myers Squibb and the National Institutes of Health (R01 GM58867–01) for generous funding.
Measurement of high-speed ADCs (2017)

High-speed high-resolution ADCs are challenging in design and measurement. High accuracy on data and clock input have to be ensured. To minimize nonlinearity, it is important to avoid signal-dependent errors. With these goals in mind, we discuss design trade-offs that have to be considered for high-resolution ADCs. Furthermore, a full measurement setup using needle probing for high-speed ADCs is described. On-chip memory enables accurate analysis of the output samples without the need for a high-speed digital interface or data decimation. An efficient shift-register-based approach for an on-chip memory to handle the large aggregated output data of highly interleaved ADCs is presented. The shift-register-based custom memory is compared with a register-based synthesized memory in terms of area and energy efficiency.
Direct In Vivo Visualization of Bronchodilation Induced by Inhalational Anesthesia Using High-resolution Computed Tomography (1993)

Halothane dilates baseline airways by blocking baseline vagal tone. Since baseline airway tone, airway wall thickness, and initial airway diameter are major determinants of airway reactivity, the observed dilation by halothane may be one of the mechanisms by which inhalational anesthetics decrease airway reactivity.
Simvastatin Loaded Dissolvable Microneedle Patches with Improved Pharmacokinetic Performance (2022)

Microneedle patches (MNPs) are one of the emerging approaches for drug delivery involving minimal invasion and improved skin penetration of macro- and micro-entities. Herein, we report dissolvable microneedle patches (dMNPs) as a novel tool for better systemic delivery of Simvastatin in the management of hypocholesteremia. Thiolated chitosan (TC), polyvinyl pyrolidone (PVP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) were employed in the development of dMNPs. Developed patches were characterized through SEM, FTIR, DSC, TGA, PXRD, dissolution testing, tensile strength, elongation (%), skin irritation studies, moisture content and pharmacokinetic evaluation. dMNP F26 exhibited excellent tensile strength (9.85 MPa), penetration potential (~700 µm), moisture content (5.95%), elongation (35.54%) and Simvastatin release of 77.92%. Pharmacokinetic properties were also improved, i.e., C<sub>max</sub> 1.97 µg/mL, t<sub>max</sub> 9 h, MRT 19.9 h and AUC 46.24 µg·h/mL as compared to Simvastatin solution displaying C<sub>max</sub> 2.55 µg/mL, t<sub>max</sub> 3 h, MRT 5.91 h and AUC 14.20 µg·h/mL thus confirming higher and improved bioavailability. Kinetic modelling revealed zero order as the best fit model based on regression coefficient. Histopathological findings proved the biocompatibility of the developed dMNPs.
New method for measuring dispersion-zero variation along a fiber without destroying the fiber (2005)

We present a nondestructive technique for measuring dispersion along the length of a fiber. It is based on the fact that four-wave mixing between two optical waves in a fiber will be enhanced when one of the two waves lies on the dispersion zero of the fiber. By using pulses with different group velocities in the fiber, the four-wave mixing can be made to occur at some localized region of the fiber and hence a map of the dispersion zero can be obtained.