gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AC/DC Rectification With Indium Gallium Oxide Thin-Film Transistors (2010)

Two circuits to accomplish ac/dc rectification using thin-film transistors (TFTs) based on amorphous oxide semiconductors are presented. The TFTs are implemented using either indium gallium oxide or zinc tin oxide as the channel layer material. One circuit is a full-bridge configuration while the second uses a cross-tied configuration to increase the output voltage. With an input of 7.07 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> at a frequency of 1 MHz, output voltages of ~ 9 and ~ 10.5 V, respectively, are observed. With a channel length of 15 ¿m, successful operation up to 20 MHz is demonstrated.
Metabolism and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol and pterostilbene (2018)

Beneficial properties of resveratrol and pterostilbene, a dimethyl ether analog of resveratrol, have attracted increasing interest in recent years. Resveratrol and pterostilbene exhibit many pharmacological similarities and both of them are generally considered to be safe for human consumption. Beyond the structural and general bioactivity similarities between them, large amounts of data are now available to reveal the metabolic fate and pharmacological differences between them. Pterostilbene was found to be more metabolically stable and usually exhibited stronger pharmacological activities than that of resveratrol. As a contribution to clarify and compare aspects like metabolic stability and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol and pterostilbene, as well as explain the pharmacological similarities and differences between them, this review presents and compares recent data on the metabolism and pharmacokinetics of resveratrol and pterostilbene. © 2018 BioFactors, 44(1):16-25, 2018.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reactions for Fine Chemical Synthesis. Part 6. Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure α‐Amino Acids. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Test polynomials, retracts, and the Jacobian conjecture (2005)

Let K[x,y] be the algebra of two-variable polynomials over a field K. A polynomial p=p(x, y) is called a test polynomial (for automorphisms) if, whenever \phi(p)=p for a mapping \phi of K[x,y], this \phi must be an automorphism. Here we show that p \in C[x,y] is a test polynomial if and only if p does not belong to any proper retract of C[x,y]. This has the following corollary that may have application to the Jacobian conjecture: if a mapping \phi of C[x,y] with invertible Jacobian matrix is ``invertible on one particular polynomial, then it is an automorphism. More formally: if there is a non-constant polynomial p and an injective mapping \psi of C[x,y] such that \psi(\phi(p)) =p, then \phi is an automorphism.
Analysis of mesh-based motion compensation in wavelet lifting of dynamical 3-D+t CT data (2012)

Factorized in the lifting structure, the wavelet transform can easily be extended by arbitrary compensation methods. Thereby, the transform can be adapted to displacements in the signal without losing the ability of perfect reconstruction. This leads to an improvement of scalability. In temporal direction of dynamic medical 3-D+t volumes from Computed Tomography, displacement is mainly given by expansion and compression of tissue. We show that these smooth movements can be well compensated with a mesh-based method. We compare the properties of triangle and quadrilateral meshes. We also show that with a mesh-based compensation approach coding results are comparable to the common slice wise coding with JPEG 2000 while a scalable representation in temporal direction can be achieved.
<title>Optimal openings for overlapping signal and noise grains</title> (1994)

Optimal openings are considered for extraction of signal from noise in the random binary union-noise model. Disjointness of signal and noise is not assumed, nor are grains within the signal or within the noise assumed to be disjoint. There is a constraint on the overlapping, but this reflects the manner in which binary granular images are derived from gray-scale images of touching objects. The method assumes that the degraded image is segmented by the binary watershed algorithm and that an optimal opening by reconstruction must be found to remove segmented noise grains while passing segmented signal grains.
PCSS lifetime testing for pulsed power applications (2007)

Trigger systems are becoming increasingly important in pulsed power systems with large numbers of high voltage switches (HVSs) or large numbers of different switching times. Performance can be critical with demands for fast rise-times, sub-nanosecond jitter, and long lifetimes. In particular component lifetimes affect maintenance costs and the available operational time of the system. High gain photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) deliver many of the desired properties including optical-isolation, 350 ps risetime, 100 ps rms jitter, scalability to high power (220 kV and 8 kA demonstrated), and device lifetimes up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> shots with 21 A per filament in 5 ns wide pulses [1], [2]. However, higher current and longer pulse applications can drastically reduce device lifetime. For typical single shot pulsed power applications, lifetimes of several thousand shots are required and much longer-lived HVSs are required for repetitive pulsed power applications.
Regional isolated limb perfusion of melanoma intransit metastases using mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard). (1986)

Forty-two patients with intransit metastases of melanoma in a limb were treated by isolated regional perfusion chemotherapy using mechlorethamine (nitrogen mustard). Group 1 (n = 12) underwent treatment at low dose, less than 0.35 mg/kg, or low temperature, less than 38 degrees C. Group 2 (n = 30) received higher doses, 0.35 to 0.6 mg/kg, plus heat at 38 degrees C to 41 degrees C. No patient had evidence of disease outside the limb at the time of perfusion. The median follow-up time was 48 months (range, 1 to 9 years). Of the 42 patients, 29 had measurable lesions that responded as follows: group 1, complete response (CR) in two of ten and partial response (PR) in none; group 2, CR in six of 19 and PR in six of 19. The combined CR and PR rate of 12 of 19 in group 2 was significantly higher than that of group 1 (P less than .05). CR lasted only 2 months in the two patients of group 1, but persisted in the six patients of Group 2, four of whom are still alive free of disease at 16, 21, 33, and 40 months. Relapse-free control of disease in the limb was achieved in 36% of the patients in group 2 at 24 months, compared with 0% in group 1 (P less than .05). An overall survival of 74% at 48 months was observed in group 2, significantly higher than that of 64% for group 1 (P less than .05). The status of the regional lymph nodes (RLN) and the number of metastases did not affect tumor response. However, 77% of RLN-negative patients survived 48 months, in contrast to only 38% of RLN-positive patients (P less than .05). One patient died postoperatively of myocardial infarction. No serious systemic toxicity developed. Two patients who underwent repeat salvage perfusions developed a reversible peripheral neuropathy in the limb. Limb function was good after treatment, and dramatically improved in patients who had advanced satellitosis that responded to treatment. These results suggest that heated limb perfusion using mechlorethamine at an adequate dose can offer long-term control of intransit metastases in approximately one third of these patients, with preservation of good limb function and possible prolongation of survival.
Combined studies of surface evolution and crack healing for the suppression of negative factors during CO2 laser repairing of fused silica (2021)

In order to reveal the evolution mechanism of repaired morphology and the material's migration mechanism on the crack surface in the process of CO 2 laser repairing surface damage of fused silica optics, two multi-physics coupling mathematical models with different scales are developed, respectively. The physical problems, such as heat and mass transfer, material phase transition, melt flow, evaporation removal, and crack healing, are analyzed. Studies show that material ablation and the gasification recoil pressure accompanying the material splash are the leading factors in forming the Gaussian crater with a raised rim feature. The use of low-power lasers for a long time can fully melt the material around the crack before healing, which can greatly reduce the size of the residual air layer. Combined with the experimental research, the methods to suppress the negative factors (e.g., raised rim, deposited debris, air bubbles) in the CO 2 laser repairing process are proposed.
Hybrid phononic/photonic crystal mirrors for optomechanics (2020)

We demonstrate a hybrid phononic/photonic crystal mirror for optomechanics. A localized mechanical mode is created by a defect in a phononic crystal, which in turn supports a photonic crystal designed for high reflectivity.
Evolution of Amber Suppressor tRNAs for Efficient Bacterial Production of Proteins Containing Nonnatural Amino Acids (2009)

Angewandte Evolution: Bereiche der M.-jannaschii-Tyrosyl-tRNACUA, von denen man annimmt, dass sie mit dem Elongationsfaktor Tu wechselwirken, wurden randomisiert und die erhaltenen tRNA-Bibliotheken der In-vitro-Evolution unterworfen. Die dabei identifizierten tRNAs lieferten Proteine mit nichtnatürlichen Aminosäuren in deutlich höheren Ausbeuten. Manchmal hing das Ausmaß der Verbesserung von der Aminosäure ab.
Genetic Variation in Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase ( EPHX2 ) Is Associated With Forearm Vasodilator Responses in Humans (2010)

Cytochrome P450-derived epoxyeicosatrienoic acids are potent vasodilators in preclinical models and are hydrolyzed by soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2). Associations between the EPHX2 Lys55Arg and Arg287Gln polymorphisms and cardiovascular disease risk have been reported; however, their impact on vascular function in humans has not been investigated. In 265 volunteers (198 white, 67 black American), forearm blood flow was measured by strain-gauge venous occlusion plethysmography at baseline and in response to bradykinin, methacholine, and sodium nitroprusside. Forearm vascular resistance was calculated as mean arterial pressure/forearm blood flow. In white Americans, Lys55Arg genotype was associated with vasodilator response to bradykinin, such that forearm blood flow was significantly lower (P = 0.043) and forearm vascular resistance was significantly higher (P = 0.013) in Arg55 variant allele carriers compared to wild-type individuals. Significant associations were also observed with methacholine and sodium nitroprusside. In contrast, no relationship was observed in black Americans. In black Americans, Arg287Gln genotype was associated with vasodilator response to bradykinin. Although the difference in forearm blood flow did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.058), forearm vascular resistance was significantly lower (P = 0.037) in Gln287 variant allele carriers compared to wild-type individuals. Significant associations were also observed with methacholine and sodium nitroprusside. In white Americans, Gln287 variant allele carriers did not exhibit significantly higher forearm blood flow (P = 0.128) or lower forearm vascular resistance (P = 0.080). Genetic variation in EPHX2 is associated with forearm vasodilator responses in a bradykinin receptor- and endothelium-independent manner, suggesting an important role for soluble epoxide hydrolase in the regulation of vascular function in humans.
Obtaining reference road geometry parameters from recorded sensor data (2006)

In many applications of tracking and sensing systems, reference data for tuning and verification of system performance is unavailable. In this article the problem of automotive on-line road shape estimation is discussed and a method for obtaining reference data for this application is presented. The reference data is based on a least squares curve which is fitted geometrically to the lane boundaries. It does not require any extra sensors or other hardware. It is also shown that the accuracy of the estimate is high enough to be used as a reference in most applications
Visualisierung großer Datenbanken (1996)

Durch den rasanten technologischen Fortschritt steigt die Menge an Daten, die in heutigen Computersystemen gespeichert ist, sehr schnell an. Damit wird die Suche nach interessanter Information innerhalb der Datenbestände immer schwieriger. Für sehr große Datenbanken werden deshalb auf neuartigen Visualisierungstechniken basierende Ansätze zur Datenexploration und Datenanalyse benötigt.
SIFT-Based Non-blind Watermarking Robust to Non-linear Geometrical Distortions (2013)

This paper presents a non-blind watermarking technique that is robust to non-linear geometric distortion attacks. This is one of the most challenging problems for copyright protection of digital content because it is difficult to estimate the distortion parameters for the embedded blocks. In our proposed scheme, the location of the blocks are recorded by the translation parameters from multiple Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) feature points. This method is based on two assumptions: SIFT features are robust to non-linear geometric distortion and even such non-linear distortion can be regarded as “linear” distortion in local regions. We conducted experiments using 149,800 images (7 standard images and 100 images downloaded from Flickr, 10 different messages, 10 different embedding block patterns, and 14 attacks). The results show that the watermark detection performance is drastically improved, while the baseline method can achieve only chance level accuracy.
Building Honeywell's Adaptive System for the Augmented Cognition Program (2005)

The Honeywell AugCog team has developed a closed loop integrated prototype to address the performance advantages of a neurophysiologically driven system. The team has run a series of evaluations to validate the effectiveness of using cognitive state assessment to trigger performance mitigation strategies in an effort to improve overall system performance. This paper reviews the process for creating the closed loop integrated prototype, defining the military-relevant tasks used to test the system, and assessing the system in four separate evaluations. In parallel with the evaluations, the system was evaluated for feasibility on a mobile, dismounted soldier. The demonstration of this feasibility test is discussed. 1
An homologous series of 6-O-n-alkyl-alpha-D-galactopyranoses: synthesis and thermotropic mesomorphic properties (1998)

Abstract An homologous series of 6- O - n -alkyl- alpha -D-galactopyranoses has been prepared. The length of the terminal chains has been varied systematically and the effect on the liquid crystal transition temperatures studied. Most homologues of the series exhibit enantiotropic smectic A* phases. X-ray analysis indicates a lamellar structure for the smectic A* phase with hydrogen-bonded carbohydrate cores at the layer centre, either with no interdigitation of the tilted terminal alkyl chains but with a high degree of chain melting, or with some degree of chain intercalation. The 6- O - n -alkyl- alpha -D-galactopyranoses possess clearing points at higher temperatures than those of the corresponding n -alkyl alpha -D-galactopyranosides. The introduction of a higher degree of hydrogen bonding by the replacement of the oxygen atom in the ether linkage between the chain and the carbohydrate ring by an amide linkage leads to higher transition temperatures. The dependence of the liquid crystalline behaviour on the position of the same alkyl substituent and the nature of the sugar in the pyranose form, as well as on the anomeric configuration of the liquid crystalline carbohydrates with four hydroxy groups, is reported.
MELATONIN PROTECTS AGAINST HYDROGEN PEROXIDE‐INDUCED GASTRIC INJURY IN RATS (2008)

1. Melatonin (MT) is a pineal hormone that is also abundant in the gut and has a well known role in scavenging oxygen free radicals. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential protective effects of MT against H(2)O(2)-induced gastric lesions in rats. 2. An experimental model of gastric ulceration was established in rats using 15% H(2)O(2). Melatonin (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg, intagastrically) was administered to rats 30 min before H(2)O(2) challenge. 3. Intragastric administration of H(2)O(2) resulted in haemorrhagic lesions in the fundic area of the stomach. Furthermore, H(2)O(2) induced gastric oxidative stress, as indicated by depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH), inhibition of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and elevation of malonedialdehyde (MDA) levels. These effects were accompanied by decreased gastric tissue levels of prostaglandin (PG) E(2) and nitric oxide (NO), as well as increased levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Administration of MT (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg) 30 min before H(2)O(2) significantly attenuated the development of gastric lesions in a dose-dependent manner. The protective effects of MT were accompanied by significant inhibition of the H(2)O(2)-induced reduction in gastric content of GSH and GPx activity and elevation in MDA levels. Furthermore, MT antagonized H(2)O(2)-induced reduction of gastric PGE(2) and NO levels and elevation of TNF-alpha. 4. In conclusion, MT protects rat gastric mucosa against H(2)O(2)-induced damage. The observed protective effects of MT can be attributed, at least in part, to its anti-oxidant properties, preservation of PGE(2) and NO levels, as well as inhibition of TNF-alpha induction in gastric tissues.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Adiponectin Receptor Signaling on Dendritic Cells Blunts Antitumor Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;APN signals through AdipoR1 to induce IL-10 production via activation of AMPK and MAPKp38.&lt;/p&gt;
Curvature and confinement effects on chiral liquid crystal morphologies (2023)

Chiral liquid crystals (ChLCs) exhibit an inherent twist that originates at the molecular scale and can extend over multiple length scales when unconstrained. Under confinement, the twist is thwarted, leading to formation of defects in the molecular order that offer distinct optical responses and opportunities for colloidal driven assembly. Past studies have explored spheroidal confinement down to the nanoscopic regime, where curved boundaries produce surface defects to accommodate topological constraints and restrict the propagation of cuboidal defect networks. Similarly, strict confinement in channels and shells has been shown to give rise to escaped configurations and skyrmions. However, little is known about the role of extrinsic curvature in the development of cholesteric textures and Blue Phases (BP). In this paper, we examine the palette of morphologies that arises when ChLCs are confined in toroidal and cylindrical cavities. The equilibrium morphologies are obtained following an annealing strategy of a Landau-de Gennes free energy functional. Three dimensionless groups are identified to build phase diagrams: the natural twist, the ratio of elastic energies, and the circumscription of a BP cell. Curvature is shown to introduce helical features that are first observed as a Double Twist, and progress to Chiral Ribbons and, ultimately, Helical BP and BP. Chiral ribbons are examined as useful candidates for driven assembly given their tunability and robustness.
Imidazole-accelerated crosslinking of epoxidized natural rubber by dicarboxylic acids: a mechanistic investigation using NMR spectroscopy (2012)

The crosslinking of epoxidized natural rubber with dodecanedioic acid and the mechanism of its acceleration by 1,2-dimethylimidazole (DMI) are investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Solid-state NMR experiments (1H, 1H → 13C cross-polarization and 13C direct polarization) are used to analyse crosslinked samples, whereas 13C solution NMR provides information about liquid epoxidized rubber species. 13C solid-state NMR demonstrates the ester nature of the crosslinks, and confirms that DMI acts through the formation of imidazolium dicarboxylate species, well dispersed in the elastomeric matrix. After synthesis of a low molecular weight epoxidized rubber and subsequent reaction with a monofunctional carboxylic acid in the presence of DMI, a solution NMR study reveals that the imidazolium dicarboxylate would react preferentially at the less substituted side of the epoxy site.
P2P streaming capacity: Survey and recent results (2009)

Peer-to-peer (P2P) systems provide a scalable way to stream content to multiple receivers over the Internet and has become a major type of application traffic. The maximum rate achievable by all receivers is the capacity of a P2P streaming session. We provide a taxonomy of the problem formulations. In each formulation, computing P2P streaming capacity requires the computation of an optimal set of multicast trees, generally with an exponential complexity. We survey the family of constructive, polynomial-time algorithms that can compute P2P streaming capacity and the associated multicast trees, arbitrarily accurately for some of the formulations, and to some approximation factors in other formulations. Performance evaluation using large-scale Internet trace is provided before open problems in this research area are discussed.
MnO Octahedral Nanocrystals and MnO@C Core−Shell Composites:  Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrocatalytic Properties (2006)

We present a simple and facile synthesis of MnO octahedral nanocrystals and MnO@C core-shell composite nanoparticles. The synthesis is accomplished by a single-step direct pyrolysis of cetyltrimethylammonium permanganate in specially made Let-lock union cells. The products are characterized by HRSEM, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The product consists mainly of octahedral MnO nanocrystals and MnO coated with carbon (MnO@C). The core-shell particles are observed only when the core size is smaller than 150 nm. The shape of the nanocrystals can be controlled by varying parameters such as reaction temperature and duration. As the temperature increases from 600 to 800 degrees C, the octahedral MnO crystals observed are without any carbon shell. The effect of time and temperature on the octahedral MnO nanocrystal formation is described. The electrocatalytic activities of the products are studied for oxygen reduction reaction in aqueous basic medium and are compared with bulk MnO. The MnO nanocrystals and core-shell composites exhibit higher activity than that of bulk MnO.
Low power integrated circuits for an implantable pulsed Doppler ultrasonic blood flowmeter (1975)

Describes two custom integrated circuits which were developed for an implantable pulsed Doppler ultrasonic blood flowmeter. Prime design goals were a minimum circuit volume, minimum power consumption, and operation at low supply voltages. The first of the two IC's performs system timing functions and produces the ultrasonic transmit burst. It can deliver up to 40 mW of peak output power at 50 percent efficiency and requires 3.7 mW standby power. The second IC, containing an RF amplifier, mixer and output amplifier, provides 54 dB conversion voltage gain for an 0.8 MHz bandwidth centered at 5.8 MHz, <3 dB noise figure, a dynamic range of 40 dB, and 1 /spl mu/s recovery time from a 1 V overload. This chip requires 2.7 mW power input.