gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength detection using narrowband reflectance filters (2007)

We have developed a novel system to detect the wavelength of an optical beam that is compact, inexpensive, yet capable of extremely high wavelength resolution. The system is comprised of a one- dimensional photonic crystal slab (PCS) narrowband reflectance filter operating as a position sensitive sensor and a linear charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor array. Depending on the wavelength of the incident light, the PCS provides a transmission minimum at different locations along its length, as shown in Fig. 1. The position of the transmission minimum is recorded by the CCD sensor array and is used to determine the incident wavelength. Using this technique, we show that wavelength changes as small as 0.011 nm can be resolved. Such a system could be utilized for a wide variety of applications including spectroscopic identification of compounds and rapid testing of light emitters such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and Organic LEDs, in a compact and economical fashion.
The amplitude phase dynamics and fixed points in tapping-mode atomic force microscopy (2004)

The first harmonic of the cantilever deflection in the tapping-mode operation of an atomic force microscope (AFM) is analyzed using asymptotic methods for weakly nonlinear oscillators. The resulting amplitude and phase dynamical equations are obtained which characterize the transient behavior of tapping-mode dynamics. The steady state behavior is analyzed by examining the fixed points of the amplitude phase dynamics and a simple stability criterion is obtained. Further with a simple tip-sample interaction model, the experimentally observed discontinuous jumps in the amplitude versus tip-sample separation plots are explained and the regions of the interaction regime probed by the tip are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxacyclododecindione, a Novel Inhibitor of IL‐4 Signaling from Exserohilum rostratum. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultra-high vacuum scanning tunnelling microscopy investigation of free radical adsorption to the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface (2006)

Room-temperature ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) has been employed to investigate free radical chemistry on the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface with atomic-scale spatial resolution. In particular, due to its single-site binding mechanism and extensive previous study on the Si(100)-2 × 1 surface, the nitroxyl free radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) was explored. UHV STM imaging of isolated molecules revealed that TEMPO covalently reacts with adatom dangling bonds with high affinity. By monitoring TEMPO adsorption as a function of surface coverage, TEMPO was also found to preferentially bind to centre adatom sites at the initial stages of adsorption. On the other hand, as the surface coverage increased, TEMPO molecules adsorbed to centre adatoms and corner adatoms approached a ratio of 1:1. At all surface coverage levels, TEMPO showed minimal preference for binding to either the faulted or unfaulted half of the unit cell. Consequently, upon saturation, the TEMPO adlayer exhibited long-range ordering and preserved the underlying 7 × 7 surface reconstruction. This study provides fundamental insight into free radical surface chemistry and suggests a direct pathway for forming nearly perfectly ordered organic adlayers on the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface.
An overview of fractal antenna engineering research (2003)

Recent efforts by several researchers around the world to combine fractal geometry with electromagnetic theory have led to a plethora of new and innovative antenna designs. In this report, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in the rapidly growing field of fractal antenna engineering. Fractal antenna engineering research has been primarily focused in two areas: the first deals with the analysis and design of fractal antenna elements, and the second concerns the application of fractal concepts to the design of antenna arrays. Fractals have no characteristic size, and are generally composed of many copies of themselves at different scales. These unique properties of fractals have been exploited in order to develop a new class of antenna-element designs that are multi-band and/or compact in size. On the other hand, fractal arrays are a subset of thinned arrays, and have been shown to possess several highly desirable properties, including multi-band performance, low sidelobe levels, and the ability to develop rapid beamforming algorithms based on the recursive nature of fractals. Fractal elements and arrays are also ideal candidates for use in reconfigurable systems. Finally, we provide a brief summary of recent work in the related area of fractal frequency-selective surfaces.
FOXC1 Regulation of miR-31-5p Confers Oxaliplatin Resistance by Targeting LATS2 in Colorectal Cancer (2019)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related illness worldwide and one of the most common malignancies. Therefore, colorectal cancer research and cases have gained increasing attention. Oxaliplatin (OXA) is currently used in first-line chemotherapy to treat stage III and stage IV metastatic CRC. However, patients undergoing chemotherapy often develop resistance to chemo drugs being used. Evidence has confirmed that microRNAs regulate downstream genes in cancer biology and thereby have roles related to tumor growth, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and multi-drug resistance. The aim of our study is to establish whether miR-31-5p is an oncogene in human colorectal cancers that are resistant to OXA and further confirm its malignant phenotype-associated target molecule. From the results of miRNA microarray assay, we establish that miR-31-5p expression was upregulated in oxaliplatin-resistant (OR)-LoVo cells compared with parental LoVo cells. Moreover, through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we demonstrate that miR-31-5p and large tumor suppressor kinase 2 (LATS2) were inversely related and that miR-31-5p and Forkhead box C1 (FOXC1) were positively correlated in the same LoVo or OR-LoVo cells. Importantly, we reveal a novel drug-resistance mechanism in which the transcription factor FOXC1 binds to the miR-31 promoter to increase the expression of miR31-5p and regulate LATS2 expression, resulting in cancer cell resistance to OXA. These results suggest that miR-31-5p may be a novel biomarker involved in drug resistance progression in CRC patients. Moreover, the FOXC1/miR31-5p/LATS2 drug-resistance mechanism provides new treatment strategies for CRC in clinical trials.
Laboratory investigation of microelectronics-based stimulators for large-scale suprachoroidal transretinal stimulation (STS) (2007)

This paper describes the technological developments underlying the realization of a reliable and reproducible microchip-based stimulator with a large number of stimulus electrodes. A microchip-based stimulator with over 500 electrodes for suprachoroidal transretinal stimulation (STS) is proposed in this paper, and an example is presented. To enhance reliability and reproducibility for such a large array, we introduce a flip-chip bonding technique and place microchips on the reverse side of a substrate. A square microchip of size 600 microm was fabricated using 0.35 microm standard CMOS process technology. Twelve microchips were flip-chip bonded on a polyimide substrate through Au bumps. To evaluate the feasibility of the proposed device, we successfully fabricated a stimulator with 12 microchips and 118 electrodes made of Pt/Au bumps, and demonstrated their operation in a saline solution for 2 weeks. Also, to evaluate the device operation in vivo, a stimulator with one active IrO(x) electrode was implanted into the scleral pocket of a rabbit and electrical evoked potential (EEP) signals with a threshold of 100 microA were obtained. We also fabricated a simulator with 64 microchips that has 576 electrodes (9 electrodes in a microchip times 64 microchips).
Next generation smart window display using transparent organic display and light blocking screen (2018)

Transparent organic light emitting diodes (TOLED) have widespread applications in the next-generation display devices particularly in the large size transparent window and interactive displays. Herein, we report high performance and stable attractive smart window displays using facile process. Advanced smart window display is realized by integrating the high performance light blocking screen and highly transparent white OLED panel. The full smart window display reveals a maximum transmittance as high as 64.2% at the wavelength of 600 nm and extremely good along with tunable ambient contrast ratio (171.94:1) compared to that of normal TOLED (4.54:1). Furthermore, the performance decisive light blocking screen has demonstrated an excellent optical and electrical characteristics such as i) high transmittance (85.56% at 562nm) at light-penetrating state, ii) superior absorbance (2.30 at 562nm) in light interrupting mode, iii) high optical contrast (85.50 at 562 nm), iv) high optical stability for more than 25,000 cycle of driving, v) fast switching time of 1.9 sec, and vi) low driving voltage of 1.7 V. The experimental results of smart window display are also validated using optical simulation. The proposed smart window display technology allows us to adjust the intensity of daylight entering the system quickly and conveniently.
Quantum emission from atomic defects in wide-bandgap semiconductors (2017)

Non-classical light sources, such as atoms and atom-like emitters play central roles in many areas of quantum information processing with applications as single photon generators, sources for nonlinearity and quantum memories. Solid-state quantum emitters have attracted growing interest due to the promise of combining remarkable optical properties with the convenience of scalability [1]. In recent years, there has been tremendous progress in developing quantum emitter systems based on crystallographic defects in wide-bandgap semiconductors. Nitrogen vacancies (NV) in diamond were among the first studied systems due to the well-defined optical transitions as well as electronic spin states that can be controlled optically. Quantum spins in diamond are among the most advanced systems in solid state for quantum based technologies such as quantum computing or quantum sensing [2]. Nevertheless, solid-state quantum emitters are not only limited to diamond and efforts to engineer single photon emitters (SPE) based on atom-like defects in scalable system have expanded beyond NV centers in diamond. Similar quantum emitters have been discovered in many other wide-bandgap host materials, including silicon carbide (SiC), III-nitride semiconductors such as gallium nitride (GaN) and aluminum nitride (AlN), and layered materials such as hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) [1]. Here, we will review our recent progress in developing and characterizing new quantum emitters in wide-bandgap semiconductors, and consider their applications as quantum light sources and sensors.
The Gut Microbiota Modulates Glycaemic Control and Serum Metabolite Profiles in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice (2014)

Islet autoimmunity in children who later progress to type 1 diabetes is preceded by dysregulated serum metabolite profiles, but the origin of these metabolic changes is unknown. The gut microbiota affects host metabolism and changes in its composition contribute to several immune-mediated diseases; however, it is not known whether the gut microbiota is involved in the early metabolic disturbances in progression to type 1 diabetes. We rederived non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice as germ free to explore the potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of diabetic autoimmunity and to directly investigate whether the metabolic profiles associated with the development of type 1 diabetes can be modulated by the gut microbiota. The absence of a gut microbiota in NOD mice did not affect the overall diabetes incidence but resulted in increased insulitis and levels of interferon gamma and interleukin 12; these changes were counterbalanced by improved peripheral glucose metabolism. Furthermore, we observed a markedly increased variation in blood glucose levels in the absence of a microbiota in NOD mice that did not progress to diabetes. Additionally, germ-free NOD mice had a metabolite profile similar to that of pre-diabetic children. Our data suggest that germ-free NOD mice have reduced glycaemic control and dysregulated immunologic and metabolic responses.
Cerebral Cysticercosis Mimicking Malignant Glioma (1996)

In the setting of a solitary parenchymal cyst, the radiographic differential diagnosis of neurocysticercosis often includes a primary neoplasm. However, to our knowledge, this is the first report of cysticercosis's also simulating a brain neoplasm pathologically.
Pediatric Occupants, Restraint Use, and Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes (2011)

Alternative restraints have been developed for the protection of pediatric occupants in motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). The purpose of this study was to characterize injuries in MVCs for pediatric occupants and to identify scenarios that might benefit from enhanced vehicle safety. Using the National Automotive Sampling System – Crashworthiness Data System (NASS-CDS) from 2000-2008, pediatric occupants (< 19 years old) were characterized by age and injury to determine national averages in MVCs. Of these pediatric cases, 60% sustained injuries, which was comparable to the percentage of all occupants injured (65%). Six percent of NASS-CDS pediatric occupants had abbreviated injury scale (AIS) 2+ injuries, which is the injury inclusion criteria for the Crash Injury Research and Engineering Network (CIREN) pediatric cases. CIREN was used to investigate pediatric occupants and injuries resulting from incorrect positioning and restraints according to NHTSA suggestions. Results indicated that many injured pediatric occupants were not properly restrained, with over 100 under 13 years of age in the front row of the vehicle. There were also over 200 CIREN pediatric occupants under 4’ 9” that were not seated in a child safety seat (CSS). The most frequently injured body region was the face, followed by the head and lower extremity. Eighty-six percent of head injuries and 82% of spinal injuries were AIS 2+. This study supports prior findings that demonstrate a need for enhanced public awareness for proper CSS use in order to reduce pediatric injuries.
Effiziente sehr niederratige Sprachübertragung mittels Interblock-Codierung (1996)

The article presents a new data compression scheme for very-low-rate speech coding at 1000 b/s and below. The method which is called matrix product quantization (MPQ) encodes matrices containing successive LPC parameter vectors by a product formulation of two matrices which describe the average parameter vector and the temporal parameter contour. MPQ can be applied in fixed rate as well as in variable rate coding systems. At a fixed bit rate MPQ yields a very high coding efficiency at relatively low coding delay and medium complexity. Applied in a variable rate segment vocoder MPQ achieves even higher compression gains at the cost of increased coding delay and complexity. In general, it is shown that interblock coding, which is made by MPQ, considerably outperforms memoryless coding. In a particular comparison to interpolative coding methods which is often used for very-low-rate speech coding, MPQ is clearly superior since only MPQ is able to exactly model the temporal parameter contour.
Venetoclax Plus Rituximab in Relapsed Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: 4-Year Results and Evaluation of Impact of Genomic Complexity and Gene Mutations From the MURANO Phase III Study (2020)

Efficacy benefits with fixed-duration VenR are sustained and particularly durable in patients who achieve uMRD. Salvage therapy with ibrutinib after VenR achieved high response rates. Genetic mutations and GC affected MRD rates and PFS.
Difficulties with the “N + 7 Rule” in endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (1997)

In an effort to facilitate the use of interference screw fixation in the tibia, a method to orient the tibial tunnel termed the "N + 7 Rule" was prospectively applied to 60 consecutive endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions performed by a single surgeon. Four cases were excluded because a breach in the described protocol for application of the N + 7 rule was identified at the time of the operation. Of the remaining 56 cases, 28 (50%) were fixed with an interference screw on the tibia, whereas 28 (50%) required fixation with sutures tied over a post. The 28 cases not amenable to interference screw fixation included 17 cases in which the tibial tunel was too long and 11 cases in which the tunnel was too short. It appears that the applicability of the N + 7 rule to an individual surgeon's practice may be altered by small variations in operative technique.
Data from <i>PIK3CA</i> Mutations and Copy Number Gains in Human Lung Cancers (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We investigated the frequency and function of mutations and increased copy number of the &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; gene in lung cancers. &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations are one of the most common gene changes present in human cancers. We analyzed the mutational status of exons 9 and 20 and gene copy number of &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; using 86 non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, 43 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines, 3 extrapulmonary small cell cancer (ExPuSC) cell lines, and 691 resected NSCLC tumors and studied the relationship between &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; alterations and mutational status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway genes (&lt;i&gt;EGFR, KRAS, HER2&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt;). We also determined &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; expression and activity and correlated the findings with effects on cell growth. We identified mutations in 4.7% of NSCLC cell lines and 1.6% of tumors of all major histologic types. Mutations in cell lines of small cell origin were limited to two ExPuSC cell lines. &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; copy number gains were more frequent in squamous cell carcinoma (33.1%) than in adenocarcinoma (6.2%) or SCLC lines (4.7%). Mutational status of &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; was not mutually exclusive to &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;KRAS. PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; alterations were associated with increased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity and phosphorylated Akt expression. RNA interference–mediated knockdown of PIK3CA inhibited colony formation of cell lines with &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations or gains but was not effective in &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; wild-type cells. &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; mutations or gains are present in a subset of lung cancers and are of functional importance. [Cancer Res 2008;68(17):6913–21]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Exploring structural and functional features of enzymes across isoprenoid biosynthesis : from archaeal isopentenyl phosphate kinase of primary metabolism to plant terpene cyclases of specialized metabolism (2010)

Isoprenoid biosynthesis constitutes an immensely diverse, highly branched network of pathways that spans both primary and secondary (specialized) metabolism in all organisms. The mevalonate (MVA) pathway or the 1-deoxy-D- xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP) pathway operate in a given organism to produce the two important building blocks for all downstream isoprenoids : isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). In Archaea, the biosynthesis of these two vital building blocks remains unclear. The current hypothesis is that Archaea utilize an alternative mevalonate pathway that follows the canonical pathway up until the biosynthesis of phosphomevalonate. At this point, a decarboxylation event followed by a phosphorylation event produces the essential building block, IPP. The latter step is catalyzed by isopentenyl phosphate kinase (IPK). In this work, we solved the structure of IPK from M. jannaschii and successfully used it toward : 1) the design of a deeper active site pocket for binding and catalysis of longer chained isoprenoid monophosphates; 2) the identification and characterization of active IPK homologs in other kingdoms of life. This work contributes towards the design of a synthetic metabolic pathway and reveals new information about the potential existence of a bifurcated mevalonate pathway in all plants and certain other eukaryotic organisms. Farnesyl diphosphate is directly derived from the building blocks IPP and DMAPP and is an essential metabolic intermediate for a variety of downstream primary and secondary metabolic pathways including cholesterol biosynthesis and terpenoid biosynthesis, respectively. Sesquiterpene cyclases (synthases) are part of terpenoid biosynthesis and catalyze the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate into one or more sesquiterpene products; these chemicals play important biological roles in defense and communication, especially in plants. Here, we explore a variety of mutant and wild type plant sesquiterpene cyclases in attempt to understand several concepts : 1) how these enzymes traverse a defined catalytic landscape to biosynthesize disparate products without compromising their catalytic activities; 2) the structural and functional differences associated with turnover of cis- and trans-FPP by wild type and promiscuous cyclase mutants; 3) how certain sesquiterpene synthases utilize an Arg-Pro motif within the amino terminal domain to interact with the catalytic C-terminal domain and modulate product profile complexity
Localization of lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions within the murine retrovirus gag precursor by a novel peptide-mapping technique. (1983)

In HTG2 hamster cells infected with the replication-defective Gazdar murine sarcoma virus only immature virus particles are formed, with the uncleaved gag precursor Pr65 as the only major protein in the virion. We have investigated the structure of these particles by using in situ cross-linking followed by chemical and enzymatic cleavages of Pr65 to localize sites of lipid-protein and protein-protein interactions. Lipid-protein cross-links were localized within a 10-kDa fragment in the p15 region of Pr65. Homotypic protein-protein cross-links between Pr65 units were localized within the p15 regions and also within the p10 regions of Pr65. Similar data for processed gag proteins in Rauscher murine leukemia virus, a prototype of a mature C-type virus, suggest that these interactions of the gag precursor are not altered during maturation. To identify the sites of cross-linking within Pr65, we have developed a two-dimensional peptide mapping technique that is based on nearest neighbor analysis of fragments released by cyanogen bromide treatment of partial cleavage products in gel slices. In conjunction with cross-linking, the peptide mapping technique is a powerful means for localizing specific interactions on a polypeptide backbone.