gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OBLIQUE REFLECTION MICROSCOPY-ORM (2003)

Cell motility plays a critical role in numerous physiological processes such as embryonic development and tissue morphogenesis as well as in pathological processes such as wound healing, tumor invasion and inflammation. Migration of the cell involves remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton and formation / disassembly of focal adhesion sites. Variety of microscopy techniques, including wide field, TIRF, FRET etc. is used to analyze spatio-temporal dynamics of focal adhesions. Interference reflection microscopy was previously used to investigate focal adhesion sites as well as endo-and exocytosis [1]. Compared to other microscopy techniques, interference reflection microscopy enables visualization of focal adhesion sites without overexpression of fluorescent proteins, which might alter focal adhesion dynamics. However the interference patterns of the reflecting membranes sometimes are hard to interpret due to disturbance of changing reflective index of the membrane. Several attempts have been made to increase the contrast in interference reflection microscopy including use of the crossed polarizer in conjunction with a quarter wave plate an annular aperture [1], which helps to get rid of reflections from the central part of the objective lens and the slide. Here we present an easy method to limit misleading interference patterns and enhance
Development and apoptosis of pre‐implantation porcine nuclear transfer embryos activated with different combination of chemicals (2006)

Artificial activation of oocytes is a pre-requisite for successful cloning by nuclear transfer (NT). This study investigated effect of different combination of activation chemicals such as electric pulse (E), thimerosal (Thi) + dithiothreitol (DTT), 6-dimethylaminopurine (6-DMAP), or cycloheximide (CH) on the developmental ability and the frequency of apoptosis of porcine NT embryos during the culture in vitro. NT embryos activated with chemicals showed significantly higher developmental rate to blastocyst stage compared to embryos activated with E alone (21.5%-26.6% vs. 15.7%, respectively). Of chemicals, Thi + DTT supported higher development to blastocyst stage as compared to 6-DMAP or CH (26.6% vs. 21.5%-23.4%, respectively). Apoptosis of NT embryos were analyzed by using a terminal deoxynucleatidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. The onset of apoptosis of embryos activated E alone was on Day 4, whereas embryos activated with chemicals showed apoptosis on Day 3 post-activation NT embryos exposed to chemicals for activation had higher frequency of apoptosis compared to that of embryos exposed to E alone from Day 3 to Day 7 during the culture. In conclusion, this study shows that chemical activation after fusion could increase not only the developmental ability of porcine NT embryos but also the mean cell number with an increased ratio of inner cell mass (ICM) to trophectoderm (TE) cells. However, the chemical activation also could increase the frequency of apoptosis and induced apoptosis earlier in porcine NT embryos.
High-resolution EUV lithography using a multi-trigger resist (2018)

As minimum lithographic size continues to shrink, the development of techniques and resist materials capable of high resolution, high sensitivity and low line edge roughness (LER) have become increasingly important for next-generation lithography. In this study we present results where the behaviour of the resist is driven towards the multi-trigger regime by manipulating the resist formulation. We also present results obtained after enhancements of the base molecule to give high resolution, better LER, and a significant sensitivity enhancement of 40% over the standard material. Finally, we present the inclusion of non-metallic high-Z elements into the formulation to allow for a further reduction in LER at the same resolution and sensitivity as seen for the enhanced MTR molecule, indicating a direction for further improvements.
Design of a wireless sensor network for urban pollution monitoring (2006)

Monitoring of air pollution is an essential element for the management of urban areas, and today it is mostly implemented using fixed stations. In this work, we examine the design of an air pollution monitoring solution based on a wireless sensor network, and present some of the issues that must be confronted by the designer. The presented implementation is based on off-the-shelf networking hardware and custom developed sensors. The final system will include a porous silicon based NO2 sensor, a solid-state, low power anemometer, and temperature sensors. Specific attention is devoted, as is essential in a wireless sensor network, to power consumption issues. It will be shown the power requirements of the sensors often dwarf those of the network connectivity, so that smart sensor sampling strategies are as important as communication strategies for proper power management
Community Awareness and Service Learning in Analytical Chemistry Laboratories (2019)

A service-learning project was completed in both a senior and sophomore-level analytical chemistry course. Both projects took place at a local wetland managed by a nonprofit volunteer group. The two classes performed an in-depth water quality analysis and soil/sediment extractions examining the spatial variation of nutrients. The senior-level class had a deep connection with the nonprofit group. The students reported their results to the nonprofit in a poster presentation, an entry in the newsletter for the nonprofit, and in a final written report. They were also required to give a more technical poster presentation at a chemistry department seminar. For the sophomore-level class, the only connection with the nonprofit group was through a field sampling event. The impact of working at the site was evaluated by a paired pre/post-survey and through standard course evaluations. For the students who completed the pre/post-survey, there was a statistically significant increase in the students’ knowledge of the community. Students also report an appreciation for “real-world” application of chemistry content.
Differential Regulation of Amyloid Precursor Protein/Presenilin 1 Interaction during Ab40/42 Production Detected Using Fusion Constructs (2012)

Beta amyloid peptides (Aβ) play a key role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease (AD). Presenilins (PS) function as the catalytic subunits of γ-secretase, the enzyme that releases Aβ from ectodomain cleaved amyloid precursor protein (APP) by intramembrane proteolysis. Familial Alzheimer disease (FAD)-linked PSEN mutations alter APP processing in a manner that increases the relative abundance of longer Aβ42 peptides to that of Aβ40 peptides. The mechanisms by which Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptides are produced in a ratio of ten to one by wild type presenilin (PS) and by which Aβ42 is overproduced by FAD-linked PS variants are not completely understood. We generated chimeras of the amyloid precursor protein C-terminal fragment (C99) and PS to address this issue. We found a chimeric protein where C99 is fused to the PS1 N-terminus undergoes in cis processing to produce Aβ and that a fusion protein harboring FAD-linked PS1 mutations overproduced Aβ42. To change the molecular interactions within the C99-PS1 fusion protein, we made sequential deletions of the junction between C99 and PS1. We found differential effects of deletion in C99-PS1 on Aβ40 and 42 production. Deletion of the junction between APP CTF and PS1 in the fusion protein decreased Aβ40, while it did not decrease Aβ42 production in the presence or absence of FAD-linked PS1 mutation. These results are consistent with the idea that the APP/PS interaction is differentially regulated during Aβ40 and 42 production.
Optical coherence tomography with high power quantum-dot superluminescent diodes (2009)

We demonstrate imaging performance of a high power quantum-dot superluminescent diode (15mW CW exiting single mode fiber, 85nm bandwidth). We present images from tissue engineered skin and in vivo skin.
A Convenient Synthesis of 7‐Halo‐1‐indanones and 8‐Halo‐1‐tetralones. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Inverse lithography (ILT) mask manufacturability for full-chip device (2009)

ABSTRACT Inverse Lithography Technology (ILT) is becoming one of the strong candidates for 32nm and below. ILT masks provide significantly better litho performance and need to be enabled for production as one of the leading candidates for low-k1 lithography. By the very nature ILT masks are computed, they could seem to be complicated to manufacture in production. In a prior publication [1], it has been shown at clip level that the Inverse Synthesizer (IS) product has the capability to adjust for mask complexity to make it more manufacturable while maintaining the significant litho gains of nearly ideal ILT mask. The production readiness of ILT n eeds to be studied at full chip level with various aspects including mask data fracturing, MRC co nstraints, writing time, and inspection. The computation of ILT mask usually starts with the calcu lation of an optimized contoured mask then followed by manhattanization step to convert contour into horizontal-ver tical segments. By varying the segmentation length during manhattanization, it can affectively change the mask complexity while maintains the shape of mask. The result of segmentation length impact on writing time and lithography perfor mance at full-chip is presented. MRC is another important factor in mask manufacturability which needs to be carefully studied. Mask pattern transfer fidelity and inspectability at various selected MRC rules are also presented in the paper. Keywords: Inverse lithography technology (ILT), Sub-resolution assist feature (SRAF), Resolution enhancement technology (RET), Lithography simulation
Implementation of parallel transmit beamforming using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-achievable resolution and interbeam interference (2013)

The speed of sound in the human body limits the achievable data acquisition rate of pulsed ultrasound scanners. To overcome this limitation, parallel beamforming techniques are used in ultrasound 2-D and 3-D imaging systems. Different parallel beamforming approaches have been proposed. They may be grouped into two major categories: parallel beamforming in reception and parallel beamforming in transmission. The first category is not optimal for harmonic imaging; the second category may be more easily applied to harmonic imaging. However, inter-beam interference represents an issue. To overcome these shortcomings and exploit the benefit of combining harmonic imaging and high data acquisition rate, a new approach has been recently presented which relies on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to perform parallel beamforming in transmission. In this paper, parallel transmit beamforming using OFDM is implemented for the first time on an ultrasound scanner. An advanced open platform for ultrasound research is used to investigate the axial resolution and interbeam interference achievable with parallel transmit beamforming using OFDM. Both fundamental and second-harmonic imaging modalities have been considered. Results show that, for fundamental imaging, axial resolution in the order of 2 mm can be achieved in combination with interbeam interference in the order of -30 dB. For second-harmonic imaging, axial resolution in the order of 1 mm can be achieved in combination with interbeam interference in the order of -35 dB.
Antenna array calibration using live GNSS signals (2006)

An anechoic chamber free approach to GNSS antenna array gain and phase calibration is proposed and evaluated for a stationary array. The constellation change of the satellites was used to measure t ...
Making Porous Zirconia For Heat Pipes (1993)

Batch composition of processing schedule developed to produce porous zirconia having bubble point between 10 and 20 psi. Porous zirconia used to make wicks for heat pipes.
The BeVERLI Hill three-dimensional separating flow case: cross-facility comparisons of validation experiment results (2022)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0698.vid The BeVERLI Hill project seeks to create a detailed database of the turbulent separated flow over a three-dimensional bump. This project has expanded as part of a NATO collaboration through AVT-349 to study the same model at multiple facilities (Virginia Tech, USA; University of Toronto Institute of Aerospace Sciences (UTIAS), Canada; SINTEF Ocean, Norway) in order to reduce facility bias in experimental results. Initial collaboration efforts have yielded information about flow phenomena across facilities, including flow asymmetry at symmetric orientations. Preliminary data from recent experimental tests are shared and discussed.
Study of the $B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^+$ and $B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^{*+}$ decays in $pp$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2021)

A study of the $B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^+$ and $B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^{*+}$ decays using 139 fb$^{-1}$ of integrated luminosity collected with the ATLAS detector from $\\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV $pp$ collisions at the LHC is presented. The ratios of the branching fractions of the two decays to the branching fraction of $B_c^+\\to J/\\psi \\pi^+$ decay channel are measured: $\\mathcal B(B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^+)/\\mathcal B(B_c^+\\to J/\\psi \\pi^+) = 2.76\\pm 0.47$, $\\mathcal B(B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^{*+})/\\mathcal B(B_c^+\\to J/\\psi \\pi^+) = 5.33\\pm 0.96$. The ratio between the branching fractions of the two decays is found to be $\\mathcal B(B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^{*+})/\\mathcal B(B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^+) = 1.93\\pm0.26$. For the $B_c^+\\to J/\\psi D_s^{*+}$ decay, the transverse polarisation fraction, $\\Gamma_{\\pm\\pm}/\\Gamma$, is measured to be $0.70\\pm0.11$. Here the uncertainty is a quadratic sum of statistical and systematic contributions. The precision of the measurements exceeds that of all previous studies of these decays. A comparison with available theoretical predictions for the measured quantities is presented.
Th-1 Lymphocytes Induce Dendritic Cell Tumor Killing Activity by an IFN-γ–Dependent Mechanism (2011)

Dendritic cells (DCs) encompass a heterogeneous population of cells capable of orchestrating innate and adaptive immune responses. The ability of DCs to act as professional APCs has been the foundation for the development and use of these cells as vaccines in cancer immunotherapy. DCs are also endowed with the nonconventional property of directly killing tumor cells. The current study investigates the regulation of murine DC cytotoxic function by T lymphocytes. We provide evidence that CD4(+) Th-1, but not Th-2, Th-17 cells, or regulatory T cells, are capable of inducing DC cytotoxic function. IFN-γ was identified as the major factor responsible for Th-1-induced DC tumoricidal activity. Tumor cell killing mediated by Th-1-activated killer DCs was dependent on inducible NO synthase expression and NO production. Importantly, Th-1-activated killer DCs were capable of presenting the acquired Ags from the killed tumor cells to T lymphocytes in vitro or in vivo. These observations offer new possibilities for the application of killer DCs in cancer immunotherapy.
The electrical measurement of AC losses in a three-phase tri-axial superconducting cable (2010)

In a three-phase tri-axial cable, the magnetic interaction between the phases makes the loss measurement by an electromagnetic method very complex. We developed the theoretical background showing that three-phase AC loss measurements by the electromagnetic method are, in principle, possible. We then implemented this theory in practical measurements on a 3 m long, tri-axial cable fabricated from RABiTS (rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrate) coated conductor. Initially, the proposed measurement technique was implemented in the simpler cases when the three cable phases are 180° out of phase, i.e. (0°, 180°, 360°) or (0°, 360°, 180°) rather than (0°, 120°, 240°) as in a traditional three-phase system. For these cases, the currents in the phases are either in phase (360° phase difference) or anti-phase (180° phase difference). These are essentially single-phase measurements with only one transport current used as the supply for all three phases. This simplification allowed us to use both the established and the proposed techniques to measure the total losses of the cable for these cases. An excellent agreement between the two measurement methods confirmed the validation of our proposed measurement technique. The proposed measurement method was then employed to measure the total AC losses in a cable when it operates in the true three-phase mode. We believe that these data represent the first electromagnetic three-phase AC loss measurements.
DNA twisting and the affinity of bacteriophage 434 operator for bacteriophage 434 repressor. (1988)

The affinity of the Escherichia coli phage 434 operator for phage 434 repressor is affected by changes in the sequence of the noncontacted base pairs near the operator's center. The results presented here show that base composition near the center of the operator affects the operator's affinity for repressor by altering the ease with which the operator can be overtwisted into the proper configuration for complex formation. We show that both DNA flexibility and repressor flexibility influence the strength of the repressor-operator interaction: an operator with a single-strand nick at its center has a higher affinity for repressor than does the intact operator: and a repressor bearing a mutation that results in a relaxed dimer interaction is less sensitive than is wild type to changes in the flexibility of the operator. We show that the effect of noncontacted base pairs on operator affinity is independent of the slight overall bend of the operator seen in the repressor-operator complex. Central sequence effects on affinity for repressor are independent of the identity of adjacent base pairs, suggesting that the structure of the individual base pairs, not interactions between them, are responsible for the different torsional rigidities of different operators.
Resonant Thermal Emitters and PV Cells for Thermophotovoltaic Power Generation (2023)

A thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power generation system based on resonator-pixel (RP) emitters and photovoltaic (PV) cells is proposed. The RP structure enables wavelength-selective emission and absorption, which increases the system power throughout and efficiency. An RP structure contains a thin semiconductor material etched into an array of micron-sized rings and covered with a metal layer. The emissivity of the RP emitter is determined by equating it to absorptivity and is modeled by three-dimensional electromagnetic modeling. The result shows that the emitter is able to increase the wavelength selectivity by eight times compared to a bulk emitter. Integrated with an RP PV cell having enhanced absorption at the band edge, the power conversion efficiency can be maintained constant in a wide range of temperatures, while the power throughput increases by 1.7 times. In addition, the RP emission is highly directional. Its far-field beamwidth is less than 10°, with which the emitter and PV cell can be placed at a larger distance to avoid convectional heating on the PV cell. In this work, we also confirm a near-field TPV effect that raises the electrical power by a factor of 2 when the emitter and cell are placed less than 2 <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">μ</i>m apart.
Open-Access Silicon Photonics Platforms in Europe (2019)

Offering open-access silicon photonics-based technologies has played a pivotal role in unleashing this technology from research laboratories to industry. Fabless enterprises rely on the open-access of these technologies for their product development. In the last decade, a diverse set of open-access technologies with medium and high technology readiness levels have emerged. This paper provides a review of the open-access silicon and silicon nitride photonic IC technologies offered by the pilot lines of European research institutes and companies. The paper also highlights upcoming features of these platforms and discusses how they address the long-term market needs.
DPSK Data Quality Dependencies in Microring-Based Transmitter and Receiver (2008)

Ultra-small DPSK (de)modulators at 10 Gb/s, using silicon-based microrings, are proposed. Data quality of the microring-based DPSK is greatly dependent on operation conditions that can be optimized to improve eye-opening by up-to-7-dB.
GHz AlN lateral overmoded bulk acoustic wave resonators with a f · Q of 1.17 × 1013 (2011)

This work presents a new class of devices, AlN-based lateral overmoded bulk acoustic wave resonators (LO-BAR), to investigate the Q limit imposed by the intrinsic loss of thin film AlN. The LOBAR devices utilize a rectangular AlN thin film plate with a small percentage (0.57%) inter-digitated transducer (IDT) fingers coverage to minimize the piezoelectric-metal interface loss. This design experimentally pushes the f · Q product value (1.17×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> ) for thin-film AlN to magnitude level close to the theoretical limit predicted by the Akhizer effect (AKE) for AlN (2.5-5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> ). To study the performance of the LOBAR design, the IDT to rectangular plate coverage ratio was varied. The results have shown that the Q of the LOBAR device scales nonlinearly and inversely with coverage ratio. Measurement of the highest Q LOBAR device for temperatures varying between 300 and 400 K have indicated that the AlN LOBAR has a temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of -16.25 ppm/K, and phonon-phonon dissipation (AKE) is not yet the dominant loss mechanism.
Optimization of tube voltage in X-ray dark-field chest radiography (2019)

Grating-based X-ray dark-field imaging is a novel imaging modality which has been refined during the last decade. It exploits the wave-like behaviour of X-radiation and can nowadays be implemented with existing X-ray tubes used in clinical applications. The method is based on the detection of small-angle X-ray scattering, which occurs e.g. at air-tissue-interfaces in the lung or bone-fat interfaces in spongy bone. In contrast to attenuation-based chest X-ray imaging, the optimal tube voltage for dark-field imaging of the thorax has not yet been examined. In this work, dark-field scans with tube voltages ranging from 60 to 120 kVp were performed on a deceased human body. We analyzed the resulting images with respect to subjective and objective image quality, and found that the optimum tube voltage for dark-field thorax imaging at the used setup is at rather low energies of around 60 to 70 kVp. Furthermore, we found that at these tube voltages, the transmission radiographs still exhibit sufficient image quality to correlate dark-field information. Therefore, this study may serve as an important guideline for the development of clinical dark-field chest X-ray imaging devices for future routine use.
Protective capacity of mRNA vaccine against lethal intracerebal (i.c.) rabies challenge infection. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Female BALB/c mice were vaccinated twice (days 0 and 21) with 80 μg RABV-G mRNA, 0.1 human dose HDC or injection buffer alone as negative control. Six weeks after the second immunization, mice were infected i.c. with rabies virus. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;(A)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Survival of challenged mice is illustrated by a Kaplan-Meyer-analysis. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;(B)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Body weight of challenged mice was monitored daily. As soon as animals lost 25% of initial body weight (dotted line), animals were sacrificed for reasons of humane endpoint criteria (n = 5 /group). Mean and SD is presented.&lt;/p&gt;