gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of O2/CO2 Ratio on Fuel-NOx Formation in Oxy-coal Combustion (2010)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the fundamental features of NOx formation in oxy-coal combustion. The pure effects of various factors related to oxygen concentration, flame temperature and flame pattern on NOx formation are investigated by experimental and theoretical analysis, resulting in the following conclusions: (1) In oxy-coal combustion (CO2/O2 atmosphere), the emission of fuel-NOx increases with O2 concentration. (2) The flame pattern changes from a detached flame to an attached flame with the increase in flame temperature. (3) During oxy-coal combustion, the gasification reaction between CO2 and carbon on the surface of char particles occurs more vigorously than during combustion in air. (4) The single particle model for estimating NOx emission is applicable to the detached flame pattern. This implies that in the case of the detached flame the pulverized coal burns with a structure of premixed flame.
mTOR phosphorylates IMP2 to promote IGF2 mRNA translation by internal ribosomal entry (2011)

Variants in the IMP2 (insulin-like growth factor 2 [IGF2] mRNA-binding protein 2) gene are implicated in susceptibility to type 2 diabetes. We describe the ability of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) to regulate the cap-independent translation of IGF2 mRNA through phosphorylation of IMP2, an oncofetal RNA-binding protein. IMP2 is doubly phosphorylated in a rapamycin-inhibitable, amino acid-dependent manner in cells and by mTOR in vitro. Double phosphorylation promotes IMP2 binding to the IGF2 leader 3 mRNA 5' untranslated region, and the translational initiation of this mRNA through eIF-4E- and 5' cap-independent internal ribosomal entry. Unexpectedly, the interaction of IMP2 with mTOR complex 1 occurs through mTOR itself rather than through raptor. Whereas depletion of mTOR strongly inhibits IMP2 phosphorylation in cells, comparable depletion of raptor has no effect; moreover, the ability of mTOR to phosphorylate IMP2 in vitro is unaffected by the elimination of raptor. Dual phosphorylation of IMP2 at the mTOR sites is evident in the mouse embryo, likely coupling nutrient sufficiency to IGF2 expression and fetal growth. Doubly phosphorylated IMP2 is also widely expressed in adult tissues, including islets of Langerhans.
Stereocontrol in the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Mediated by Chiral Organolanthanide Metallocenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrol in the Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Mediated by Chiral Organolanthanide MetallocenesMichael A. Giardello, Yoshihiro Yamamoto, Laurent Brard, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 11, 3276–3277Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00116a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00116a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views648Altmetric-Citations148LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Path Following for a Class of Mechanical Systems (2012)

Path following entails having the output of a control system approach a path and traverse it without a priori time parameterization of the motion along the path. We design path-following controllers for a class of mechanical control systems applicable to closed and nonclosed paths. Our approach uses transverse feedback linearization (TFL) to partially meet our objective by putting the system into a convenient normal form for control design. To meet the remaining control requirements, we present a method of refining the TFL normal form. Our approach is demonstrated experimentally on a five-bar robotic manipulator and in simulation on a nonminimum phase robotic manipulator with a flexible link.
EmTaggeR: A Word Embedding Based Novel Method for Hashtag Recommendation\n on Twitter (2017)

The hashtag recommendation problem addresses recommending (suggesting) one or\nmore hashtags to explicitly tag a post made on a given social network platform,\nbased upon the content and context of the post. In this work, we propose a\nnovel methodology for hashtag recommendation for microblog posts, specifically\nTwitter. The methodology, EmTaggeR, is built upon a training-testing framework\nthat builds on the top of the concept of word embedding. The training phase\ncomprises of learning word vectors associated with each hashtag, and deriving a\nword embedding for each hashtag. We provide two training procedures, one in\nwhich each hashtag is trained with a separate word embedding model applicable\nin the context of that hashtag, and another in which each hashtag obtains its\nembedding from a global context. The testing phase constitutes computing the\naverage word embedding of the test post, and finding the similarity of this\nembedding with the known embeddings of the hashtags. The tweets that contain\nthe most-similar hashtag are extracted, and all the hashtags that appear in\nthese tweets are ranked in terms of embedding similarity scores. The top-K\nhashtags that appear in this ranked list, are recommended for the given test\npost. Our system produces F1 score of 50.83%, improving over the LDA baseline\nby around 6.53 times, outperforming the best-performing system known in the\nliterature that provides a lift of 6.42 times. EmTaggeR is a fast, scalable and\nlightweight system, which makes it practical to deploy in real-life\napplications.\n
Peter Toma and Dušan Kováč (Stanford: Hoover Institution Press 2001), Slovakia: From Samo to Dzurinda, xxxi, 432 pp. + maps, indexes. (2004)

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Instructional course lectures knee (2007)

Save time and effort in your search for expert tips and pearls with these focused volumes of Instructional Course Lectures. Published cooperatively with AAHKS, these convenient compilations focus specifically on hip and knee lectures from previous Academy Annual Meetings. This title is ideal for any surgeon who treats hip, knee, or both!Knee volume includes: Total Knee Arthroplasty; Perioperative Management; Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty; Alternatives to Total Knee Arthroplasty; Sports Medicine; and Trauma.
Blood withdrawal system for continuous ex vivo glucose and lactate monitoring (2002)

The objective of the study was to develop a measurement system for blood glucose and lactate and to evaluate a portable blood withdrawal system. For the blood withdrawal system a double lumen catheter was used. The inner lumen of the catheter was perfused with heparin solution and the outer lumen was used to collect the blood samples into 56 vacuum tubes at variable volumes and time intervals. A sensor flow chamber incorporating a thin-film amperometric glucose/lactate sensor was connected to the blood withdrawal system. The device was evaluated in 10 clinical experiments which demonstrated the stability of the sensors during a 6 hour period. In conclusion, on-line ex vivo glucose and lactate monitoring in blood is feasible with a portable blood withdrawal system.
Light-Induced Surface Patterning of Silica (2015)

Manipulating the size and shape of silica precursor patterns using simple far-field light irradiation and transforming such reconfigured structures into inorganic silica patterns by pyrolytic conversion are demonstrated. The key concept of our work is the use of an azobenzene incorporated silica precursor (herein, we refer to this material as azo-silane composite) as ink in a micromolding process. The moving direction of azo-silane composite is parallel to light polarization direction; in addition, the amount of azo-silane composite movement can be precisely determined by controlling light irradiation time. By exploiting this peculiar phenomenon, azo-silane composite patterns produced using the micromolding technique are arbitrarily manipulated to obtain various structural features including high-resolution size or sophisticated shape. The photoreconfigured patterns formed with azo-silane composites are then converted into pure silica patterns through pyrolytic conversion. The pyrolytic converted silica patterns are uniformly formed over a large area, ensuring crack-free formation and providing high structural fidelity. Therefore, this optical manipulation technique, in conjunction with the pyrolytic conversion process, opens a promising route to the design of silica patterns with finely tuned structural features in terms of size and shape. This platform for designing silica structures has significant value in various nanotechnology fields including micro/nanofluidic channel for lab-on-a-chip devices, transparent superhydrophobic surfaces, and optoelectronic devices.
Ultrafast all-optical modulation with hyperbolic metamaterial integrated in Si photonic circuitry (2014)

The integration of optical metamaterials within silicon integrated photonic circuitry bears significantly potential in the design of low-power, nanoscale footprint, all-optical functionalities. We propose a novel concept and provide detailed analysis of an on-chip ultrafast all-optical modulator based on an hyperbolic metamaterial integrated in a silicon waveguide. The anisotropic metamaterial based on gold nanorods is placed on top of the silicon waveguide to form a modulator with a 300x440x600 nm(3) footprint. For the operating wavelength of 1.5 μm, the optimized geometry of the device has insertion loss of about 5 dB and a modulation depth of 35% with a sub-ps switching rate. The switching energy estimated from nonlinear transient dynamic numerical simulations is 3.7 pJ/bit when the transmission is controlled optically at a wavelength of 532 nm, resonant with the transverse plasmonic mode of the metamaterial. The switching mechanism is based on the control of the hybridization of eigenmodes in the metamaterial slab and the Si waveguide.
Synthesis and acid-base properties of Mg-saponite (2017)

Magnesium aluminosilicate was prepared and characterized by XRD analysis, Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and thermodesorption measurements. Compared to H-forms of zeolites, Mg-saponite contains Brønsted acid sites of a lower acidity and fairly strong Lewis acid sites. On the contrary, basic sites turned out to be weak, whereas protondonor ability can be easily recognized.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN FOREST PRODUCTS: AN OVERVIEW (1993)

This report provides an overview of the current status of world trade in forest products. Global production and major trade flows are presented. Domestic policies affecting trade, tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade, free trade agreements, and environmental issues and their potential implications for trade flows are also reviewed. Recent empirical approaches to modelling the spatial commodity and interregional trade in forest products are discussed. Finally, the report highlights significant gaps in our knowledge and understanding of the factors affecting trade flows and recommends areas for further research.
Mapping and Ablation of Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation (2018)

Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) is the main cause of unexplained sudden cardiac death, particularly in young patients under the age of 35. IVF is a diagnosis of exclusion in patients who have survived a VF episode without any identifiable structural or metabolic causes despite extensive diagnostic testing. Genetic testing allows identification of a likely causative mutation in up to 27% of unexplained sudden deaths in children and young adults. In the majority of cases, VF is triggered by PVCs that originate from the Purkinje network. Ablation of VF triggers in this setting is associated with high rates of acute success and long-term freedom from VF recurrence. Recent studies demonstrate that a significant subset of IVF defined by negative comprehensive investigations, demonstrate in fact subclinical structural alterations. These localized myocardial alterations are identified by high density electrogram mapping, are of small size and are mainly located in the epicardium. As reentrant VF drivers are often colocated with regions of abnormal electrograms, this localized substrate can be shown to be mechanistically linked with VF. Such areas may represent an important target for ablation.
Note on Ankle Foot Orthosis with Stiffness Switching Mechanism (2000)

Ankle foot orthosis, AFO is an important tool for a person with gait disorder such as of hemiplegia. The complex stiffness of the AFO has significant influence on the ankle behavior during the stance phase of gait, but attention has been mainly paid for the real stiffness of AFO elasticity. In this article, the viscous stiffness of AFO with a cylinder component is considered in terms of two-level switching characteristics. The switching time planning is examined based on the results of event timing analysis for gait of hemiplegic patients for a soft landing toward foot flat in stance phase and a sufficient ankle support in swing phase.
A Study of Neutron Induced Single-Event Damage in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2022)

GaN power device lifetime degradation caused by neutron irradiation is reported. Hundreds of devices were stressed in off-state with various drain voltages from 75 V to 400 V while irradiated with a high intensity neutron beam. Observing a statistically significant number of neutron-induced destructive single-event-effects (DSEEs) enabled an accurate extrapolation of terrestrial field failure rates.
Supplementary Appendix from Phase I Study of Alvocidib Followed by 7+3 (Cytarabine + Daunorubicin) in Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2023)

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Antisense Suppression of the Chloride Intracellular Channel Family Induces Apoptosis, Enhances Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Induced Apoptosis, and Inhibits Tumor Growth (2005)

Abstract mtCLIC/CLIC4 is a p53 and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) regulated intracellular chloride channel protein that localizes to cytoplasm and organelles and induces apoptosis when overexpressed in several cell types of mouse and human origin. CLIC4 is elevated during TNFα-induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell lines. In contrast, inhibition of NFκB results in an increase in TNFα-mediated apoptosis with a decrease in CLIC4 protein levels. Cell lines expressing an inducible CLIC4-antisense construct that also reduces the expression of several other chloride intracellular channel (CLIC) family proteins were established in the human osteosarcoma lines SaOS and U2OS cells and a malignant derivative of the mouse squamous papilloma line SP1. Reduction of CLIC family proteins by antisense expression caused apoptosis in these cells. Moreover, CLIC4-antisense induction increased TNFα-mediated apoptosis in both the SaOS and U2OS derivative cell lines without altering TNFα-induced NFκB activity. Reducing CLIC proteins in tumor grafts of SP1 cells expressing a tetracycline-regulated CLIC4-antisense substantially inhibited tumor growth and induced tumor apoptosis. Administration of TNFα i.p. modestly enhanced the antitumor effect of CLIC reduction in vivo. These results suggest that CLIC proteins could serve as drug targets for cancer therapy, and reduction of CLIC proteins could enhance the activity of other anticancer drugs.
Modelling the conversion between specific IgE test platforms for nut allergens in children and adolescents (2020)

Background: Multiplex tests allow for measurement of allergen-specific IgE responses to multiple allergen extracts and components and have several advantages for large cohort studies. Due to significant methodological differences, test systems are difficult to integrate in meta-analyses/systematic reviews since there is a lack of datasets with direct comparison. We aimed to create models for statistical integration of allergen-specific IgE to peanut/tree nut allergens from three IgE-test platforms. Methods: Plasma from Canadian and Austrian children with peanut/tree nut sensitization and a cohort of sensitized, high-risk, pre-school asthmatics (total n=166) were measured with three R&D multiplex IgE test platforms: Allergy Explorer, ALEX (Macro Array Dx), MeDALL-chip (Mechanisms of Development of Allergy) (Thermo Fisher), and EUROLINE (EUROIMMUN). Skin prick test (n=51) and ImmunoCAP (n=62) results for extracts were available in a subset. Regression models (Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines, local polynomial regression) were applied if >30% of samples were positive to the allergen. Intra-test correlations between PR-10 and nsLTP allergens were assessed. Results: Using two regression methods, we demonstrated the ability to model allergen-specific relationships with acceptable measures of fit (r2=94-56%) for peanut and tree nut sIgE testing at the extract and component-level, in order from highest to lowest: Ara h 2, Ara h 6, Jug r 1, Ana o 3, Ara h 1, Jug r 2, Cor a 9. Conclusion: Our models support the notion that conversion is reasonably possible between sIgE multiplex platforms for allergen extracts and components and may provide options to aggregate data for future meta-analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐LITHIO‐ AND 1,3‐DILITHIOISOBENZOFURAN: FORMATION AND REACTIONS WITH ELECTROPHILES (1984)

Abstract Aus den Acetalen (I) entsteht mit LDA in situ Isobenzofuran (II), das zu (III) lithiiert und zu (IVa) und (IVb) umgesetzt wird.
Compact Z-add-drop wavelength filters for long-range surface plasmon polaritons (2005)

We design, fabricate and investigate compact Z-add-drop (ZAD) filters for long-range surface plasmon polaritons (LR-SPPs) at telecom wavelengths. The ZAD filter for LR-SPPs consists of two ridge gratings formed by periodic gold thickness modulation at the intersections of three zigzag-crossed gold stripes embedded in polymer. We investigate influence of the grating length and crossing angle on the filter characteristics and demonstrate a 10 masculine- ZAD filter based on 80-microm-long gratings that exhibit a 15-dB dip (centered at ~ 1.55 microm) in transmission of the direct arm along with the corresponding ~ 13-nm-wide transmission peak in the drop arm.
Time-reversal method and cross-correlation techniques by normal mode theory: a three-point problem (2012)

Since its beginning in acoustics, the Time-Reversal method (hereafter referred as TR) has been explored by different studies to locate and characterize seismic sources in elastic media. But few authors have proposed an analytical analysis of the method, especially in the case of an elastic medium and for a finite body such as the Earth. In this paper, we use a normal mode approach (for general 3-D case and degenerate modes in 1-D reference model) to investigate the convergence properties of the TR method. We first investigate a three-point problem, with two fixed points which are the source and the receiver and a third one corresponding to a changing observation point. We extend the problem of a single channel TR experiment to a multiple channel and multiple station TR experiment. We show as well how this problem relates to the retrieval of Green's function with a multiple source cross-correlation and also the differences between TR method and cross-correlation techniques. Since most of the noise sources are located close to the surface of the Earth, we show that the time derivative of the cross-correlation of long-period seismograms with multiple sources at the surface is different from the Green's function. Next, we show the importance of a correct surface-area weighting of the signal resent by the stations according to a Voronoi tessellation of the Earth surface. We use arguments based on the stationary phase approximation to argue that phase-information is more important than amplitude information for getting a good focusing in TR experiment. Finally, by using linear relationships between the time-reversed displacement (resp. strain wavefields) and the components of a vector force source (resp. a moment tensor source), we show how to retrieve force (or moment tensor components) of any long period tectonic or environmental sources by time reversal.
Lipitor® (Atorvastatin Calcium) (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Lipitor®, Heart Disease, and Stroke Pyrrole Formation by [3 + 2]-cycloaddition 1,4-diketones for Paal–Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis Primary Amines for Paal–Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis Paal–Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis Pyrrole 117 from 1,4-diketone 21 and ethyl 2-((4R,6R)-6-(2-azidoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)acetate (116) Side Chain Elaboration after Pyrrole Ring Construction Atorvastatin (1) Calcium Amorphous Atorvastatin Calcium from Atorvastatin Calcium The Continuing Refinement of Analytical Methods: Identifying Process Impurities and Evaluating Drug Product Stability During Storage and Formulation The Best Process Available Alternative Approaches to tert-butyl 2-((4R,6R)-6-(2-aminoethyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)acetate (8) Structures Searched References
Priority-driven, preemptive I/O controllers for real-time systems (2003)

The effect of three I/O controller architectures on schedulable utilization, which is the highest attainable resource utilization at or below which all deadlines can be guaranteed, is examined. FIFO (first-in-first-out) request queuing, priority queuing, and priority queuing with preemptable service are simulated for a range of CPU computation to I/O traffic ratios. The results show that, for I/O-bound task sets and zero preemption costs, priority queuing with preemptable service can provide a level of schedulable utilization 35% higher than that attainable with FIFO queuing, and 20% higher than priority queuing and nonpreemptable service. Although the potential gain for priority queuing with preemptable service is large, further simulations that incorporate a time penalty for each preemption show that the gain is very sensitive to preemption cost. With preemption cost represented as a ratio of preemption time to the minimum-task period, the level of schedulable utilization for priority queuing with preemptable service degrades to that of priority queuing with nonpreemptible service, for a preemption cost ratio of 0.04. A high-level design of a preemptable I/O controller is described and the issues determining preemption cost are detailed, along with techniques for its minimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>