gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of a full size EUV pellicle based on silicon nitride (2015)

In this paper, the fabrication and initial characterization of an unsupported membrane composed of a single ultrathin silicon nitride (SiNx) layer with potential application as a EUV pellicle is described in detail. A full size free-standing pellicle with inner film area equal to 113x145mm and champion EUV transparency equal to 89.5% (single pass) is demonstrated utilizing the methodology presented in this study. The exemplary EUV transparency of the reported pellicle was achieved by limiting the membrane thickness to 16nm, while the intrinsic mechanical stability for the silicon nitride film was realized by adjusting the Si:N ratio to provide a non-stoichiometric layer featuring low tensile stress. The pellicle thickness, elemental composition and mass density were used to calculate the expected EUV transparency, which was found to be in good agreement with experimental EUV transmission measurements. Additionally, careful consideration was given to process-induced mechanical instabilities exerted on the ultrathin pellicle during the wet etch, rinsing and drying fabrication steps, and a unique yet simple set of ancillary hardware, materials and processing techniques was introduced to minimize such disturbances and yield large-area pellicles that are free of visible defects and wrinkles. In the absence of commercially available actinic inspection tools, a distinctive advantage of the SiNx membrane versus a Silicon-based EUV pellicle solution is the demonstrated ArF transmission, making it attractive for through-pellicle mask defect inspection and advanced metrology work utilizing available 193nm excimer laser and detection systems. A preliminary heat load test indicates that the SiNx-based EUV pellicle would be marginally compatible with an equivalent 80W EUV source.
Pressurized Metered-Dose Inhalers Versus Nebulizers in the Treatment of Mechanically Ventilated Subjects With Artificial Airways: An In Vitro Study (2015)

Aerosol drug delivery via a TT was greater than with an ETT, whereas the delivery efficiency of a pMDI via either airway was greater than that of a jet nebulizer.
Electrochemical sensing system employing fructosamine 6‐kinase enables glycated albumin measurement requiring no proteolytic digestion (2016)

Currently available enzymatic methods for the measurement of glycated proteins utilize fructosyl amino acid/peptide oxidases (FAOXs/FPOXs) as sensing elements. FAOXs/FPOXs oxidize glycated amino acids or glycated dipeptides but they are not able to accept longer glycated peptides or intact glycated proteins as substrates. Therefore, pretreatment via proteolytic digestion is unavoidable with the current enzymatic methods, and there remains a need for simpler measurement methods for glycated proteins. In this study, in order to develop a novel sensing system for glycated albumin (GA), a marker for diabetes, with no requirement for proteolytic digestion, we created an electrochemical sensor based on fructosamine 6-kinase (FN6K) from Escherichia coli. Uniquely, FN6K can react directly with intact GA unlike FAOXs/FPOXs. The concentration of GA in samples was measured using a carbon-printed disposable electrode upon which FN6K as well as two additional enzymes, pyruvate kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase were overlaid. A clear correlation between the response current and the concentration of GA was observed in the range of 20-100 µM GA, which is suitable for measurement of GA in diluted blood samples from both healthy individuals and patients with diabetes. The sensing system reported here could be applied to point-of-care-testing devices for measurement of glycated proteins.
First-principles investigation of high-κ dielectrics for non volatile memories (2010)

The microelectronic industry has devoted significant efforts to investigate alternative high dielectric constant oxides (high-κ) in order to sustain the reduction of the dimensions for the next technology nodes for high metaloxide semiconductors field effect transistors (MOSFET) performance [1-3]. The core of the problem consists of physically scaling the insulating dielectric without increasing the gate leakage current. While hafnium based dielectrics have been recognized as key materials for future application in MOSFET technological nodes, the requirements of Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) based devices have not been met yet.
Pulmonary Microbiome of Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: Changes Over Time (2021)

Prolonged mechanical ventilation was associated with changes in the pulmonary microbiome, with the control group having less diversity. The oral suctioning intervention may have reduced oral-tracheal bacterial transmission.
Cis–Trans Isomerizations of Proline Residues Are Key to Bradykinin Conformations (2013)

A recent ion mobility-mass spectrometry (IM-MS) study of the nonapeptide bradykinin (BK, amino acid sequence Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5-Ser6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9) found evidence for 10 populations of conformations that depend upon the solution composition [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2011, 133, 13810]. Here, the role of the three proline residues (Pro2, Pro3, and Pro7) in establishing these conformations is investigated using a series of seven analogue peptides in which combinations of alanine residues are substituted for prolines. IM-MS distributions of the analogue peptides, when compared to the distribution for BK, indicate the multiple structures are associated with different combinations of cis and trans forms of the three proline residues. These data are used to assign the structures to different peptide populations that are observed under various solution conditions. The assignments also show the connectivity between structures when collisional activation is used to convert one state into another.
Use of Gabapentin in Posterior Spinal Fusion is Associated With Decreased Postoperative Pain and Opioid Use in Children and Adolescents (2019)

This is a retrospective cohort study, classified as Level III under "Therapeutic Studies Investigating the Results of a Treatment."
Active asymmetric plasmonic Bragg gratings (2016)

We discuss asymmetric reflectance in surface plasmon Bragg gratings incorporating optical gain, referred to as active asymmetric surface plasmon Bragg gratings. It is shown that balanced modulation of index and gain/loss with quarter pitch spatial shift causes unidirectional coupling between contra-propagating modes in long-range surface plasmon polariton Bragg gratings. Such gratings operate at the breaking threshold of parity-time symmetry (exceptional point). Two active asymmetric surface plasmon Bragg gratings designs are proposed and their performance is examined through modal and transfer matrix method computations.
Plm Sequences For The Performance Optimization Of Linear Multiuser Detectors (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Acoustic propagation and multiple scattering in powders (2016)

Determination of the material properties of powders is critical in very many industries yet crucial transformations such as the transition from a free-flowing powder to a caked powder defy quantitative measurement. In particular, distinguishing between the onset of caking (so that it may be prevented, for example) and consolidation or segregation of powders which have not caked is very difficult. We present here calculations of the acoustic properties of free flowing powders based on scattering theory (Alba, 2004), together with model calculations for caked and consolidated powders within which an effective stiffness has developed (Coghill 2011, Makse 2004). These calculated values are compared with the measured acoustic properties of silica powders demonstrating that acoustic measures such as the velocity of sound and the attenuation of sound (insertion loss) are highly effective in distinguishing between caking and consolidation. Alba. 2004, Chapter 10 of “Concentrated dispersions, theory, experiments, and applications,“ edited by P. Somasundaran and B. Markovic, American Chemical Society (ACS) Symposium Series 878. Coghill and Giang, Powder Technol. 208, 694–701, 2011. doi:10.1016/j.powtec.2010.11.040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2010.11.040. Makse, Gland, Johnson, and Schwartz, Phys. Rev. E70, 1–19, 2004. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.061302.
High Value Chemosensors in the Era of Industrial Internet: Innovations in Materials, Transducers, and Data Analytics (2017)

Modern monitoring scenarios of gases for industrial safety and productivity, medical diagnostics, environmental surveillance, and other Industrial Internet applications demand new high value sensing capabilities of better accuracy, lower power consumption, and unobtrusive form factors. [...]
<title>Hierarchical approaches to analysis of natural textures</title> (2004)

The surface textures of natural objects often have the visible fractal-like properties. A similar pattern of texture could be found looking at the forests in the aerial photographs or at the trees in the outdoor scenes when the image spatial resolution was changed. Or the texture patterns are different at different spatial resolution levels in the aerial photographs of villages. It creates the difficulties in image segmentation and object recognition because the levels of spatial resolution necessary to get the homogeneously and correctly labeled texture regions differ for different types of landscape. E.g. if the spatial resolution was sufficient for distinguishing between the textures of agricultural fields, water, and asphalt, the texture labeled areas of forest or suburbs are hardly fragmented, because the texture peculiarities corresponding to two stable levels of texture spatial resolution will be visible in this case. A hierarchical texture analysis could solve this problem, and we did it in two different ways: we performed the texture segmentation simultaneously for several levels of image spatial resolution, or we subjected the texture labeled image of highest spatial resolution to a recurring texture segmentation using the texture cells of larger sizes. The both approaches turned out to be rather fruitful for the aerial photographs as well as for the outdoor images. They generalize and support the hierarchical image analysis technique presented in another our paper. Some of the methods applied were borrowed from the living vision systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Zincate‐Type Enolate for Radical α‐Trifluoromethylation. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Directed Binding of Gliding Bacterium, Mycoplasma mobile, Shown by Detachment Force and Bond Lifetime (2016)

Mycoplasma species are the smallest bacteria and are parasitic and occasionally commensal, as represented by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, which causes so-called "walking pneumonia" in humans. Dozens of species glide on host tissues, always in the direction of the characteristic cellular protrusion, by novel mechanisms. The fastest species, Mycoplasma mobile, catches, pulls, and releases sialylated oligosaccharides (SOs), which are common targets among influenza viruses, by means of a specific receptor based on the energy of ATP hydrolysis. Here, force measurements made with optical tweezers revealed that the force required to detach a cell from SOs is smaller forward than backward along the gliding direction. The directed binding should be a clue to elucidate this novel motility mechanism.
Subjective Duration Distortions Mirror Neural Repetition Suppression (2012)

Our data suggest that the repetition-related duration contractions causing the oddball effect are a result of neural repetition suppression. More generally, subjective duration may reflect the prediction error associated with a stimulus and, consequently, the efficiency of encoding that stimulus. Additionally, we emphasize that experimental context effects need to be taken into consideration when designing duration-related tasks.
Location and Driver-Specific Vehicle Adaptation Using Crowdsourced Data (2022)

This paper presents a method that adjusts the operation of advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS) to a specific location and driver. The method uses crowd-sourced data collected from multiple drivers in multiple lo-cations/environments to predict the vehicle behavior of an individual driver in a previously unseen location/environment. This prediction can in turn be used for adapting the calibration of ADAS to the specific location/environment, as well as to the individual driver. We describe an algorithm for making predictions, which uses probabilities and quantile functions of empirical cumulative distribution functions to relate an individ-ual driver to the population. The paper reports a simulation study in SUMO (Simulation of Urban MObility), where an emergency braking system is adapted to individual drivers and to different road surface conditions. The results show that the algorithm is quickly able to make accurate predictions and consequently adjust ADAS to the specific location and driver.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of 1-Alkoxy- and 1-Amino-2-hydroxy-1,2-dihydroacronycine Derivatives. (1999)

Sixteen new derivatives of the natural alkaloid acronycine, bearing 1-alkoxy or 1-amino and 2-hydroxy groups, were synthesized in order to clarify the role of the C-1 substitution. Studies on the cytotoxic activity of compounds 4-19 were carried out in vitro on L-1210 cells. Structure-activity relationships are discussed.
E-measurement: an integrated methodology for measuring the performance of e-services (2004)

Today, more than ever, there is a need for a holistic approach to measure the performance of e-services taking the provider's and the user's benefits and costs into account. Such a multi-perspective performance measurement approach for e-services in the utility sector is presented in this paper. First, in order to select a suitable methodology, the relevant prerequisites were defined together with six European energy providers. As none of the reviewed concepts supported all requirements, a concept involving three generic phases was evolved. In order to consider the aspects of the user's benefits sufficiently, the User Process Integration (Phase 1 of the concept) enables companies to analyse the user's processes by identifying the generated user benefits and costs. The E-Service Scorecard (Phase 2) allows companies to take a holistic view of the benefits and costs of e-services from a provider's perspective. Finally, in Phase 3 – Investment Simulation and Controlling – various investment and market scenarios can be simulated and the effects on the e-service's benefits and costs can be analysed. This methodology has been developed during four case studies involving different energy suppliers. The importance of the "trust" factor and the applicability of the proposed methodology are findings from these case studies.
Morphology of Ethylene−Propylene Copolymer Based Ionomers as Studied by Solid State NMR and Small Angle X-ray Scattering in Relation to Some Mechanical Properties (2003)

The microphase structure of ionomers based on an amorphous, maleated ethylene−propylene copolymer was investigated by using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and solid-state NMR experiments. It was shown that in this kind of ionomers grafted maleic anhydride, its salts with Zn2+ and a fraction of EPM chain fragments form immobilized, ion-rich aggregates. Three types of EPM chain units with different mobility were detected in the ionomers and in the ionomer precursor, which can be attributed to chain units with low mobility forming aggregates surrounded by an interfacial layer, EPM network chains interconnecting these aggregates, and network imperfections such as dangling ends and chain loops. When the the degree of neutralization is increased, the average dimension of the immobilized aggregate remains almost constant, while the thickness of the interfacial layer with restricted mobility slightly increases. The size of the aggregates in MAn-g-EPM ionomers is significantly larger compared to other ionomers, and as a consequence, the number of acid groups within an aggregate is also larger. At 50% neutralization, the number of aggregates suddenly decreases. The changes in some macroscopic properties, such as compression set and tensile properties, are related to the morphology of the ionomers as determined by SAXS and NMR. When the degree of neutralization is increased, the properties of the materials change due to strengthening of the ionic aggregates.
Relationship of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) from myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and cytogenetic status (2008)

7089 Background: A recent phase III trial showed that azacitidine (AZA) significantly prolonged overall survival in pts with high-risk MDS, regardless of a good, intermediate, or poor IPSS karyotype (Fenaux, Blood 2007;110,817). Using cytogenetic data from this trial, our subgroup analysis assessed changes in baseline (BL) cytogenetic status in MDS pts who subsequently transformed to AML (>30% bone marrow blasts). Methods: In all, 358 pts met inclusion criteria of high-risk MDS, defined as RAEB, RAEB-T, or CMMoL per FAB with an IPSS of Int-2 or High. Pts were randomized to AZA (75 mg/m2/d x 7d, q 28d) or CCR with both groups receiving concomitant best supportive care (BSC: transfusions, antibiotics, and G-CSF only for neutropenic infection) as needed. CCR consisted of 3 treatments: BSC only, low-dose ara-C (20 mg/m2/d x 14d, q28d), or standard chemotherapy (7+3 regimen, induction/consolidation). No erythropoietin was allowed. Results: For this subgroup analysis, complete cytogenetic data were available from 78 (40 AZA; 38 CCR) of the 358 pts. Baseline characteristics were similar across the 2 arms (70% male; median age, 69 years). In all, 92% of pts had RAEB/RAEB-T disease; 87% an IPSS of Int-2 or High. Median time to transformation to AML during the treatment period was 26.1 months and 12.4 months in the AZA and CCR groups (p=0.004), respectively; 33% of AZA pts versus 31% of CCR pts transformed. In either arm, the IPSS cytogenetic status (good, intermediate, or poor) of the majority of pts remained unchanged from BL to transformation to AML (Table). Conclusion: These data demonstrate that transformation to AML in high-risk pts is rarely accompanied by a worsening in IPSS cytogenetic status and that treatment with AZA is associated with a significant delay in transformation. BL Cytogenetic Status Cytogenetic Status at AML Transformation AZA CCR AZA CCR Good Int Poor Good Int Poor Good 20 20 20 0 0 18 2 0 Int 7 9 0 6 1 1 8 0 Poor 10 7 1 0 9 0 0 7 Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Pharmion Amgen, Celgene, EMB Statistical Solutions, LLC, Pharmion Pharmion Amgen, Celgene, Cephalon, Johnson & Johnson, Novartis, Pharmion, Roche Pharmion
An integrated software for Gas Turbine Simulation (1996)

Gas Turbine Simulation (GTS) is an integrated general purpose simulation package developed for steady state (matching) and transient simulation of gas turbine-based propulsion systems such as turbofans. Steady state simulation is based on matching engine components with given performance maps. Matching is achieved by zeroing the difference in mass flow rate of adjacent components, and work of compressor/fanturbine pairs. Steady state (matched condition) serves as initial condition for transient simulation of the engine. Transient simulation of the engine is based on the method of intercomponent volumes, and considers the mass and rotor dynamics of the components as well as the dynamics of engine control system. The program is capable of simulating an open loop engine (i.e. an engine without the consideration of the control system) as well as an engine and its control system (closed loop control) as one dynamic unit. The program is equipped with a graphic user interface (GUI) for configuring the engine as well as its control system, accepting inputs, commanding the run-time routines and providing outputs in graph and output file forms. The program can run for a variety of options and has produced reasonable results for several engine configurations.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SrO-Bi2O3 COMPLEX OXIDE (2012)

The Sr 2 Bi 2 O 5 powders were prepared by a malonic acid complex method and a solid-state reaction. These powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and specific surface area measurements. In a malonic acid complex method, the Sr 2 Bi 2 O 5 phase of high purity was obtained at 700°C in air and its specific surface area was calculated to be 2.74 m 2 /g. From UV-vis measurements, it was confirmed that Sr 2 Bi 2 O 5 is a direct band gap material and its optical band gap is ca. 3.1 eV. The first-principles energy band calculation showed that the energy bands of Sr 2 Bi 2 O 5 crystal have a wide dispersion near the valence band maximum and the conduction band minimum. The Sr 2 Bi 2 O 5 powders showed a distinct photocatalytic decomposition of methylene blue under visible light irradiation (a wavelength ≥ 420 nm).
Tracking Large Marine Predators in Three Dimensions: The Real-Time Acoustic Tracking System (2008)

Large marine predators like sharks and whales can have a substantial influence on oceanic ecosystems, and characterizing their interactions with the physical and biological environment is an important goal in marine ecology. Studies of foraging ecology are of particular importance, but sampling prey aggregations encountered by these predators is extremely difficult because of the small spatial scales over which prey aggregations often occur (meters to hundreds of meters). We developed the real-time acoustic tracking system (RATS) to allow large marine predators to be accurately tracked over these small spatial scales to facilitate proximate environmental sampling. The system consists of an array of four free-floating buoys capable of detecting 36-kHz pings emitted by an animal-borne acoustic transmitter. Upon detection, the buoys transmit their position and the arrival time of the ping via a radio modem to a computer on board a nearby ship, and a software program uses differences in arrival times from all of the buoys to estimate the location of the tagged animal. The positions of the tagged animal, buoys, ship, and support boats can be monitored via a graphical user interface to allow proximate environmental sampling and maintenance of the array around the tagged animal. <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">In</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">situ</i> tests indicate that average positional accuracies for a transmitter inside either a four- or three-buoy array (buoys spaced 1-1.75 km apart) are less than 10 m, and that accuracies remain near 10 m for transmitters located up to 500 m away from the edge of the array. The buoys can consistently detect the transmitter up to 1000 m away, but detection rates decrease between 1000 and 2000 m; no detections were obtained beyond 2300 m. Field deployments of the system have demonstrated an unprecedented ability to monitor the movements of baleen whales in real time, allowing a suite of prey and oceanographic observations to be collected within meters to tens of meters of a tagged animal.