gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coral Fish Shoal Detection from Acoustic Echograms (2007)

An algorithm was developed that processes data from a single-beam echosounder and GPS system to detect and analyze fish shoals. The proposed algorithm provides the ability to identify regions within an echogram that contain fish and statistically analyze the shoals. The echosounder used is a 50 kHz/200 kHz dual-frequency unit manufactured by Lowrance and was selected for its low-cost, off- the-shelf availability, and portability. The selected unit saves the data onto removable memory cards allowing for easy transfer and offline processing. The development of this algorithm faced several challenges: translating the data to a common format, bottom identification, noise rejection, and fish school recognition. The data is saved by the echosounder in a unique binary format but is parsed into a more manageable data structure by MATLAB software developed at Portland State University. The software, called EchoMap, was developed under sponsorship by The Nature Conservancy (TNC) in support of their marine habitat monitoring activities. EchoMap processes and interprets the echosounder data to generate coral reef profiles and to estimate the associated fish populations. This paper discusses the algorithm developed for fish shoal detection and cross-sectional shoal area estimation. Abundance and density of the fish shoals is assumed to be directly related to the area of the identified shoal. Shoals are segmented with a dynamic contouring method and typically have non-uniform shape. The area calculation was improved from the standard Riemann sum approach by using Green's theorem to translate the line integral of a closed level set contour into a surface integral. The advantages of using Green's theorem are higher accuracy and efficiency in estimating contour areas. Preliminary results of applying the detection algorithm to coral reef echograms provided by TNC show promise in the ability to identify fish shoals. Results were compared to detections made by experts in the field from echograms as well as the real-time Lowrance Fish I.D. algorithm. Applying a priori knowledge of fish characteristics may also allow species identification using the calculated descriptors.
A 6T-SRAM With a Post-Process Electron Injection Scheme That Pinpoints and Simultaneously Repairs Disturb Fails for 57% Less Read Delay and 31% Less Read Energy (2013)

A post-process carrier injection scheme for 6T-SRAM is proposed. The proposed scheme pinpoints and simultaneously repairs only cells that have low read disturb margin by injecting electrons to the strong pass gate transistor. Compared with the conventional electron injection scheme that injects electrons to either side of the pass gate transistor of all cells, the proposed scheme achieves 57% less BL delay, 31% less read energy, 32 ~ 256 times shorter injection time and 3% area reduction. The concept is validated with 2, 64, 128 kb SRAM in 40 nm standard CMOS process. Experiments show around 40 mV operation margin increase after the proposed injection.
Using Non-Java OSGi Services for Mobile Applications (2008)

OSGi is a popular software engineering approach for build-ing complex software systems out of reusable Java modules. The OSGi framework describes an infrastructure for man-aging the modules at runtime and composing loosely-couples applications through services. With R-OSGi, we have ex-tended the scope of OSGi from single applications to net-works of applications consisting of distributed services. How-ever, the OSGi model is entirely Java-centric and not triv-ially transferable to other languages, without losing general-ity and interoperability. In this demonstration, we show an application which uses OSGi services written in languages like TinyOS.
A Generalized Enhanced Fourier Law (2016)

A generalized enhanced Fourier law (EFL) that accounts for quasi-ballistic phonon transport effects in a formulation entirely in terms of physical observables is derived from the Boltzmann transport equation. It generalizes the previously reported EFL from a gray phonon population to an arbitrary quasi-ballistic phonon mode population, the chief advantage being its formulation in terms of observables like the heat flux and temperature, in a manner akin to the Fourier law albeit rigorous enough to describe quasi-ballistic phonon transport.
Design and implementation of an intrinsically-switched 22–43 GHz tunable bandstop filter (2016)

A 22-43 GHz tunable bandstop filter is presented, with relevant background theory, design methodology explained. The filter employs silicon-micromachined evanescent-mode cavity resonators, tuned by low-power electrostatic actuators. Low passband of insertion loss of less than 2 dB is obtained, and high stopband attenuation of over 60 dB is achieved by using quasi-absorptive filter design principles. Further reconfigurability is added by utilizing intrinsically-switched coupling elements, which allow the bandstop filter to achieve an all-pass response when the resonators are tuned to a certain frequency.
Structure of N,N-bis(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl)oxamide (1992)

C 14 H 12 F 10 N 2 O 2 cristallise dans P2 1 /n avec a=14.206, b=4.990, c=10.964A, β=111.68°, Z=2; affinement jusqu'a R=0.040. Le milieu de la chaine carbonee de l'oxamide est situe sur un centre d'inversion cristallographique. Existence d'une liaison hydrogene intermoleculaire N-H...O
Reduction of threading dislocation density in GaN grown on strain relaxed nanoporous GaN template (2007)

Growth of gallium nitride (GaN) on strain relaxed nanoporous GaN template by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition has produced GaN layer with 60% reduction in threading dislocation density (TDD). The porous GaN was annealed at 850°C for 3min in a mixed of nitrogen and ammonia ambient, which annihilated most TDs within the porous region via air-gap formation coupled with surface edge step pinning of dislocations. Enhancement of optical quality was indicated by doubled Raman intensity of E2 phonon peak of annealed porous as compared to as-fabricated porous GaN. Besides, a redshift of 0.7cm−1 in E2 phonon peak of porous GaN with respect to as-grown GaN corresponds to a relaxation of compressive stress by 0.17±0.05GPa. Further overgrowth of GaN on annealed porous GaN template gives high quality GaN with reduction in TDD.
S‐(3‐Chloro‐2‐oxo‐propyl)‐O‐ethyl Xanthate: A Linchpin Radical Coupling Agent for the Synthesis of Heterocyclic and Polycyclic Compounds. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Conversion of Aryl and Vinyl Triflates to Bromides and Chlorides. (2011)

Abstract The palladium‐catalyzed conversion of aryl triflates to aryl bromides and chlorides is developed .
Low-loss silicon platform for broadband mid-infrared photonics (2017)

Broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy applications could greatly benefit from today’s well-developed, highly scalable silicon photonics technology; however, this platform lacks broadband transparency because of its reliance on absorptive silicon dioxide cladding. Alternative cladding materials have been studied, but the challenge lies in decreasing losses while avoiding complex fabrication techniques. Here, in contrast to traditional assumptions, we show that silicon photonics can achieve low-loss propagation in the mid-IR from 3 to 6 μm wavelength, thus providing a highly scalable, well-developed technology in this spectral range. We engineer the waveguide cross-section and optical mode interaction with the absorptive cladding oxide to reduce loss at mid-IR wavelengths. We fabricate a microring resonator and measure an intrinsic quality (Q) factor of 106 at wavelengths from 3.5 to 3.8 μm. This is the highest Q demonstrated on an integrated mid-IR platform to date. With this high-Q silicon microresonator, we also demonstrate a low optical parametric oscillation threshold of 5.2 mW, illustrating the utility of this platform for nonlinear chip-scale applications in the mid-IR.
Report to the Chairman, Subcommittee on Human Resources and Intergovernmental Relations, House Committee on Government Reform and Oversight (1996)

While administrative and diagnostic hospital-based information systems have used computer technology for over 30 years, public- and private-sector organizations have only in the past 10 years or so developed the capability to disseminate health information to millions of people nationwide. Over the past decade, in fact, several hundred new consumer health information systems—called informatics—have been developed. Today’s consumers are demanding more—and more detailed—health information, and are taking a more active role in making medical and lifestyle decisions. Studies on the value of consumer health informatics have highlighted the systems’ ability to respond to consumers’ information needs quickly and efficiently, and reduce the need for some unnecessary medical services, thereby lowering health care costs. The systems are capable of providing many different types of information—often customized—with which consumers can, for instance, review the pros and cons of elective surgery or provide physicians with preoperative health information, potentially avoiding unnecessary preoperative tests.
Ultrasensitive Analysis Of Trace Atmospheric Species Using Diode Lasers: A Comparison Of High Frequency Modulation Techniques. (1990)

Numerous frequency modulation techniques are now available to overcome the large excess noise inherent to diode laser operation at low frequencies. In some cases, shot noise limited laser performance has been obtained with measured absorbances as low as 10 -7 . Combination of these novel methods with the long (10-100 m) optical paths provided by multipass cells makes feasible sub-part-per-billion detectivities for many gaseous compounds.
A numerical investigation of hydrogen combustion in Mach 2 flow (1992)

A numerical study is conducted of a reacting flowfield generated by a single hydrogen jet injected transversely behind a rearward facing step. A nonreacting mixing study was followed by a reacting simulation. The computation simulates a current experimental condition. The validation of the numerical solution was limited to a comparison of the wall-pressure distribution along the wall. The comparison indicates agreement between the experiment and the prediction with a maximum error of 7 percent. The addition of the reaction responsible for HO2 production (H + O2 + M = HO2 + M) to an initially simplified chemical mechanism reduced the exponential growth of the free radicals and reduced the amount of heat released by combustion; as a result, the flowfield was significantly changed. A reversed flow was obtained in limited regions of the flow.
A Role for EZH2 in Silencing of IFN-γ Inducible MHC2TA Transcription in Uveal Melanoma (2007)

We investigated the contribution of epigenetic mechanisms in MHC2TA transcriptional silencing in uveal melanoma. Although no correlation was observed between impaired CIITA transcript levels after IFN-gamma induction and DNA methylation of MHC2TA promoter IV (CIITA-PIV), an association was found with high levels of trimethylated histone H3-lysine 27 (3Me-K27-H3) in CIITA-PIV chromatin. The 3Me-K27-H3 modification correlated with a strong reduction in RNA polymerase II-recruitment to CIITA-PIV. Interestingly, we observed that none of these epigenetic modifications affected recruitment of activating transcription factors to this promoter. Subsequently, we demonstrated the presence of the histone methyltransferase EZH2 in CIITA-PIV chromatin, which is known to be a component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 and able to triple methylate histone H3-lysine 27. RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of EZH2 expression resulted in an increase in CIITA transcript levels after IFN-gamma induction. Our data therefore reveal that EZH2 contributes to silencing of IFN-gamma-inducible transcription of MHC2TA in uveal melanoma cells.
Songverse: a digital musical instrument based on Virtual Reality (2020)

We can define Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) as hardware-software solutions that are interactive and crafted to output sound according to users' input. DMIs are well known to unleash users' creativity but also to allow different and innovative experiences for the creation process, for example, smoothing the learning curve towards musical concepts such as rhythm and composition. On the other hand, Virtual Reality (VR) allows users to explore spatial interfaces in a natural and limitless way, which shows potential synergy towards the rise of new DMIs. In this paper, we introduce Songverse, an immersive DMI placed in a Virtual Reality scenario that allows users to create music by interacting with an environment designed to resemble the outer space. By adding systems, planets, and satellites to the virtual environment, the user can shape the produced sound through interactions that were extensively tested during the development phase. We then evaluated the instrument with musicians and non-musicians by interviewing and applying the System Usability Scale (SUS) to assess the easiness for people to create music using Songverse. As a result, users reported the use of the DMI as intuitive and easy to use, also highlighting the produced song as enjoyable.
Flatbed scanner simulation to analyze the effect of detector's size on color artifacts (2015)

Simulations of flatbed scanners can shorten the development cycle of new designs, estimate image quality, and lower manufacturing costs. In this paper, we present a flatbed scanner simulation a strobe RGB scanning method that investigates the effect of the sensor height on color artifacts. The image chain model from the remote sensing community was adapted and tailored to fit flatbed scanning applications. This model allows the user to study the relationship between various internal elements of the scanner and the final image quality. Modeled parameters include: sensor height, intensity and duration of illuminant, scanning rate, sensor aperture, detector modulation transfer function (MTF), and motion blur created by the movement of the sensor during the scanning process. These variables are also modeled mathematically by utilizing Fourier analysis, functions that model the physical components, convolutions, sampling theorems, and gamma corrections. Special targets were used to validate the simulation include single frequency pattern, a radial chirp-like pattern, or a high resolution scanned document. The simulation is demonstrated to model the scanning process effectively both on a theoretical and experimental level.
Foundational Issues in Touch-Surface Stroke Gesture Design — An Integrative Review (2012)

The advent of modern touchscreen devices has unleashed many opportunities and calls for innovative use of stroke gestures as a richer interaction medium. A significant body of knowledge on stroke gesture design is scattered throughout the Human-Computer Interaction research literature. Primarily based on the authors' own decade-long gesture user interface (UI) research which launched the word-gesture keyboard paradigm, Foundational Issues in Touch-Surface Stroke Gesture Design - An Integrative Review synthesizes some of the foundational issues of human motor control complexity, visual and auditory feedback, and memory and learning capacity concerning gesture user interfaces. In the second half of the book a set of gesture UI design principles is derived from the research literature. The book also covers system implementation aspects of gesture UI such as gesture recognition algorithms and design toolkits. Foundational Issues in Touch-Surface Stroke Gesture Design - An Integrative Review is an ideal primer for researchers and graduate students embarking on research in gesture interfaces. It is also an excellent reference for designers and developers who want to leverage insights and lessons learned in the academic research community.
Advanced ESD Protection Solutions in CMOS/BiCMOS Technologies (2007)

Robust and novel devices called High Holding, Low-Voltage-Trigger Silicon Controlled Rectifiers (HH-LVTSCRs) for Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) protection of integrated circuits (ICs) are designed, fabricated and characterized. The S-type current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the HHLVTSCRs are adjustable to different operating conditions by changing the device dimensions and terminal interconnections. Experimental results demonstrate that HH-LVTSCRs with a multiple-finger layout render high levels of ESD protection per unit area, applicable in the design of ICs with stringent ESD protection requirements of over 15 kV IEC.
Split Immunoglobulin Genes and Human Heavy Chain Deletion-Mutants (1979)

Abstract In 1965, the “two gene-one polypeptide” theory for the synthesis of antibody chains was first proposed (1). Since then, amino acid sequence studies and genetic analyses of the variable (V)2 and constant (C) regions of light (L) and heavy (H) chains have been consistent with this hypothesis (2). A direct demonstration of the existence of separate genetic units was achieved in 1977 (3), when it was shown that the DNA segments (exon DNA) coding for V and C regions of mouse L chains (λ type) are separated from one another by a large DNA segment (intron or intervening sequence or IVS) that is missing from the mRNA that serves as the template for the L chain. In addition, in DNA derived from embryonic cells, the V gene is shorter than expected (4, 5), ending at the codon specifying position 98 instead of 112 commonly accepted at the VC joining region. The DNA coding for the 13 or so amino acids (between position 98 and the beginning of the C region now called the J sequence) is separated from both the V and C genes by an IVS, whereas in committed cells, a somatic rearrangement makes the V and J region genes contiguous and separated from the C gene by a 1250 nucleotide IVS (6-8). Similar structures are also present in к-chain (9) and other eukaryotic genes (10-13). The immediate question raised by fragmented genes relates to the mechanisms of excision and splicing involved in the production of the mRNA. There is now evidence that a large precursor RNA transcribed directly from the chromosomal DNA is processed to the mRNA. Since the IVS are presumed to be excised from the precursor by splicing enzymes there must be some recognition signal at the junction between the intervening and the coding sequences to permit accurate excision and splicing (8, 11, 13).
Vergleich der molekularen Daten von Tropokollagen verschiedener Kalbshäute im nativen und denaturierten Zustand (1963)

Article Vergleich der molekularen Daten von Tropokollagen verschiedener Kalbshäute im nativen und denaturierten Zustand was published on January 1, 1963 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 334, issue Jahresband).
Cytoplasmic Thioredoxin Reductase Is Essential for Embryogenesis but Dispensable for Cardiac Development (2005)

Two distinct thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductase systems are present in the cytosol and the mitochondria of mammalian cells. Thioredoxins (Txn), the main substrates of thioredoxin reductases (Txnrd), are involved in numerous physiological processes, including cell-cell communication, redox metabolism, proliferation, and apoptosis. To investigate the individual contribution of mitochondrial (Txnrd2) and cytoplasmic (Txnrd1) thioredoxin reductases in vivo, we generated a mouse strain with a conditionally targeted deletion of Txnrd1. We show here that the ubiquitous Cre-mediated inactivation of Txnrd1 leads to early embryonic lethality. Homozygous mutant embryos display severe growth retardation and fail to turn. In accordance with the observed growth impairment in vivo, Txnrd1-deficient embryonic fibroblasts do not proliferate in vitro. In contrast, ex vivo-cultured embryonic Txnrd1-deficient cardiomyocytes are not affected, and mice with a heart-specific inactivation of Txnrd1 develop normally and appear healthy. Our results indicate that Txnrd1 plays an essential role during embryogenesis in most developing tissues except the heart.
Quantitative Analysis of Drag Reduction in Horizontal Slug Flow (2002)

Summary Calculations have been made to predict the components of pressure drop in slug flow. This analysis is aimed at understanding, in a quantitative manner, the contributions of both frictional and accelerational components to total pressure drop in horizontal slug flow and the effect of drag reducing agents (DRAs) on each component. Experimental results were in good agreement with predicted values. The DRA used in this study was effective in reducing both components of the pressure drop. The accelerational component was found to be dominant and formed more than 80% of the total pressure drop. It increased dramatically with increasing superficial gas velocity. With the addition of 20 ppm DRA, the accelerational and frictional components were noticed to decrease by a factor of 70%. At DRA concentration of 50 ppm, they decreased by a factor of 80%. Total drag reduction was found to generally decrease at higher superficial gas velocities. In sharp contrast with expectations, the drag reduction was recovered mainly from the accelerational component, indicating that the DRA worked not only in the buffer zone but also in the mixing zone in the slug body. The accelerational drag reduction reached values as high as 89% of total drag reduction.
Meta Label Correction for Noisy Label Learning (2021)

Leveraging weak or noisy supervision for building effective machine learning models has long been an important research problem. Its importance has further increased recently due to the growing need for large-scale datasets to train deep learning models. Weak or noisy supervision could originate from multiple sources including non-expert annotators or automatic labeling based on heuristics or user interaction signals. There is an extensive amount of previous work focusing on leveraging noisy labels. Most notably, recent work has shown impressive gains by using a meta-learned instance re-weighting approach where a meta-learning framework is used to assign instance weights to noisy labels. In this paper, we extend this approach via posing the problem as a label correction problem within a meta-learning framework. We view the label correction procedure as a meta-process and propose a new meta-learning based framework termed MLC (Meta Label Correction) for learning with noisy labels. Specifically, a label correction network is adopted as a meta-model to produce corrected labels for noisy labels while the main model is trained to leverage the corrected labels. Both models are jointly trained by solving a bi-level optimization problem. We run extensive experiments with different label noise levels and types on both image recognition and text classification tasks. We compare the re-weighing and correction approaches showing that the correction framing addresses some of the limitations of re-weighting. We also show that the proposed MLC approach outperforms previous methods in both image and language tasks.
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine carbomer enemas: A new treatment modality for ulcerative colitis (1997)

Because most of the active ingredient of nicotine is converted to continine on the first pass through the liver, substantial concentrations can be achieved at the site of disease with only modest rises in serum nicotine, which are responsible for side effects; cotinine has low pharmacologic activity. Topical administration of nicotine may be useful treatment for distal ulcerative colitis.