gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Generative Modeling Techniques for Frequency Responses (2020)

During microwave design, it is of practical interest to obtain insight in the statistical variability of a device&rsquo;s frequency response with respect to several sources of variation. Unfortunately, the frequency response acquisition can be particularly time-consuming or expensive. This makes uncertainty quantification unfeasible when dealing with complex networks. Generative modeling techniques that are based on machine learning can reduce the computation load by learning the underlying stochastic process from few instances of the device response and generating new ones by executing an inexpensive sampling strategy. This way, an arbitrary number of frequency responses can be obtained that are drawn from a probability distribution that resembles the original one. The use of Gaussian Process Latent Variable Models (GP-LVM) and Variational Autoencoders (VAE) as modeling algorithms will be evaluated in a generative framework. The framework includes a Vector Fitting (VF) pre-processing step which guarantees stability and reciprocity of S-matrices by converting them into a suitable rational model. Both GP-LVM and VAE are tested on the S-parameter responses of two linear multi-port network examples.
Stop-Flow Lithography for the Production of Shape-Evolving Degradable Microgel Particles (2009)

Microgel particles capable of bulk degradation have been synthesized from a solution of diacrylated triblock copolymer composed of poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(lactic acid) in a microfluidic device using stop-flow lithography (SFL). It has been previously demonstrated that SFL can be used to fabricate particles with precise control over particle size and shape. Here, we have fabricated hydrogel particles of varying size and shape and examined their mass-loss and swelling behavior histologically and mechanically. We report that these features, as well as degradation behavior of the hydrogel particles may be tailored with SFL. By reducing the applied UV dose during fabrication, hydrogel particles can be made to exhibit a distinct deviation from the classical erosion profiles of bulk-degrading hydrogels. At higher UV doses, a saturation in cross-linking density occurs and bulk-degrading behavior is observed. Finally, we synthesized multifunctional composite particles, providing unique features not found in homogeneous hydrogels.
Optimization of the crystallization phase of Rare-Earth aluminates For blocking dielectric application in TANOS type flash memories (2010)

Rare-Earth aluminates GdAlO and LuAlO are investigated as blocking dielectric for Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> replacement in TANOS flash memory devices. Since the energy bandgap of aluminates strongly depends on their crystallization phase and it is the highest for orthorombic phase, both materials were engineered using templates to assure the highest Eg and k-value after crystallization. As a consequence, the memory stack performances are significantly improved. Compared to Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> reference top dielectric, retention can be improved.
La catalyse enzymatique en milieu organique (1994)

L'environnement naturel des enzymes étant de nature aqueuse, leurs applications industrielles se sont en général limitées à des réactions mettant en jeu des substrats solubles dans l'eau. Depuis quelques années, la possibilité de faire fonctionner des enzymes dans des milieux hydrophobes (hydrocarbures, solvants organiques) a été mise en évidence, engendrant ainsi de nombreux travaux visant, d'une part à mieux comprendre les mécanismes permettant aux enzymes de rester actives dans un tel environnement et, d'autre part à explorer les nouvelles applications envisageables. Les produits pétroliers constituant par excellence le domaine des molécules hydrophobes, le présent article se propose de faire le point sur ces deux aspects, compréhension et intérêt de la catalyse enzymatique en milieu organique. Nous détaillerons ainsi les vues actuelles sur le fonctionnement des enzymes dans des solvants organiques, les différents modes de mise en oeuvre possibles et, à travers une revue de leurs applications potentielles, les principaux systèmes enzymatiques utilisés.
Tabletop soft-x-ray Fourier transform holography with 50 nm resolution (2009)

We present what we believe to be the first implementation of Fourier transform (FT) holography using a tabletop coherent x-ray source. By applying curvature correction to compensate for the large angles inherent in high-NA coherent imaging, we achieve image resolution of 89 nm using high-harmonic beams at a wavelength of 29 nm. Moreover, by combining holography with iterative phase retrieval, we improve the image resolution to <53 nm. We also demonstrate that FT holography can be used effectively with short exposure times of 30 s. This technique will enable biological and materials microscopy with simultaneously high spatial and temporal resolution on a tabletop soft-x-ray source.
Repeater Insertion in SFQ Interconnect (2020)

Superconductive passive transmission lines (PTL) are widely used for signal routing in large-scale rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) circuits. Due to the imperfect matching of the transmission lines between the driver and receiver, single flux quantum (SFQ) pulses are partially reflected. The round trip propagation time of these reflections can coincide with the following SFQ pulse, resulting in a decrease in bias margins or incorrect circuit behavior. This resonant effect depends upon the length of the PTL and the clock frequency of the signal. A methodology to reduce and manage this effect is the focus of this article. A closed-form expression describing the dependence of the resonance frequency on the length of the PTL is presented. This expression describes a set of forbidden lengths for PTL interconnect segments in RSFQ circuits. The proposed methodology and algorithm insert active PTL-based repeaters into long superconductive interconnect while ensuring the length of the line segment is outside the forbidden region and increasing bias margins.
Learning contention patterns and adapting to load/topology changes in a MAC scheduling algorithm (2006)

Aggregate traffic loads and topology in multi-hop wireless networks may vary slowly, permitting MAC protocols to 'learn' how to spatially coordinate and adapt contention patterns. Such an approach could reduce contention, leading to better throughput and energy consumption. To that end we propose a new family of distributed MAC scheduling algorithms combining synchronous two-level priority RTS/CTS handshaking with randomized time slot selection. We prove that for any fixed admissible load such algorithms converge to a feasible schedule (i.e., throughput-optimal). Furthermore, by adaptively biasing time-slot selection probabilities based on past history, one can develop variations that are also provably throughput-optimal and exhibit better convergence rates. Additionally under moderate loads local changes in load would lead to only local changes in contention patterns leading once again to fast convergence. This makes the case for adopting such protocols in wireless multi- hop networks, where aggregate loads and network topology are slowly varying.
The association of sex steroid hormone concentrations with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver enzymes in US men (2020)

This study supports an inverse association between TT concentration and NAFLD in men independent of other sex hormones (SHBG, AAG and estradiol) and known risk factors, such as obesity, age and lifestyle. Exploration of whether TT might be a non-invasive marker for NAFLD diagnosis is warranted.
Realization of High-Speed Distributed Sensing Based on Brillouin Optical Correlation Domain Analysis (2009)

A novel method is proposed to demodulate the output of Brillouin optical correlation domain analysis by using an analog signal processing unit free from the update rate limitation of the conventional method. The distributed Brillouin interaction per pump-probe frequency offset is continuously recorded during linearly sweeping the sensing positions. In experiment, we realize ~20-Hz distributed sensing over the entire 50-m fiber with 5-cm spatial resolution.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TRAUMATIC AMPUTATIONS (2013)

The accepted mechanism of traumatic limb amputation following blast is initial bone disruption due to the shock wave, with amputation completed by the blast wind; survival is considered unlikely. The high survival rate of traumatic amputees following explosion, from the current conflict in Afghanistan, is at odds with previous work.

We reviewed extremity injuries, sustained in Afghanistan by UK military personnel, over a 2 year period. 774 British servicemen and women sustained AIS >1 injuries, 72.6% of whom survived. No significant difference was found in the survival rates following explosive blast or gunshot (p>0.05).

169 casualties (21.8%) sustained 263 lower limb and 74 upper limb traumatic amputations. Amputations were more common in the lower than the upper limbs and more common in the extremity proximal bone. Bilateral lower limb amputations were more common than a unilateral lower limb amputation. The majority (99%) of major amputations were sustained as a result of explosion. 46.3% (74) of those who sustained a major amputation following explosion survived.

Rates of fatalities caused by explosion, or by small arms are not statistically different. Blast-mediated amputations are not universally fatal, and a significant number were through joint, calling into question previously proposed mechanisms.
trans-Directing Ability of the Amide Group: Enabling the Enantiocontrol in the Synthesis of 1,1-Dicarboxy Cyclopropanes. Reaction Development, Scope, and Synthetic Applications (2009)

In this article, we describe our efforts toward the enantioselective formation of 1,1-cyclopropane diesters via the metal-catalyzed cyclopropanation of olefins. The strategies envisioned to achieve such a goal are discussed as well as the results that led us to the discovery of the powerful trans-directing ability of the amide group in Rh(II)-catalyzed cyclopropanation reactions. We show how this feature enables a solution for the stereoselective synthesis of 1,1-dicarboxy cyclopropane derivatives. The scope and limitations are discussed as well as the demonstration that these newly formed cyclopropanes display reactivity similar to that of 1,1-cyclopropane diesters. Conversely, 1,1-cyclopropane diesters could be accessed in two steps from commercially available alkenes. The potential utility of this methodology is illustrated by several functional group transformations and its use in the expedient stereoselective formal synthesis of (S)-(+)-curcumene, (S)-(+)-nuciferal, (S)-(+)-nuciferol, (+)-erogorgiaene, (+/-)-xanthorrhizol, and (+/-)-2-hydroxycalamenene.
Electron Spin Resonance of Free Radicals and Radical Pairs in Irradiated Single Crystal of 1-Methyluracil (1973)

Abstract Radical formation by irradiation with X-rays in single crystals of 1-methyluracil has been measured using ESR-spectroscopy at 9.5 GHz and 35 GHz. When irradiating and measuring at 77 °K radicals characterized by hydrogen abstraction from the methyl group were found to be predominating. For the hyperfine splittings principal values of 8.5 G, 18.2 G, 30.5 G were found for both α-protons and 3.3 G, 2.4 G, 1.7 G for the N (1)-splitting. Pairs of abstraction radicals were also found under these conditions showing quintet splittings of about 10 G and anisotropic dipolar coupling. Average distances parallel to c of 6.3 Å and 6.5 Å were found for two types of pairs while those perpendicular to c were not analyzed in detail. Irradiating and measuring at room temperature an additional sextet pattern was found in the spectrum and attributed to a radical formed by addition of hydrogen at C (5). For the hyperfine splittings principal values of 8.1 G, 17.5 G, 30.0 G were found for the α-proton and 31.2 G, 34.4 G, 34.1 G for the two equivalent β-protons. Radical concentrations were determined at 77 °K yielding about 90% abstraction radical, 15% of these in pairs and 10% of addition radical. About half of the abstraction radicals are converted to addition radicals between 200 °K and 280 °K. The latter disappear at about 460 °K leaving a fraction of abstraction radicals which is annealed at even higher temperatures.
Cloning, characterization, and functional studies of human and mouse glycoprotein VI: a platelet-specific collagen receptor from the immunoglobulin superfamily (2000)

Injuries to the vessel wall and subsequent exposure of collagen from the subendothelial matrix result in thrombus formation. In physiological conditions, the platelet plug limits blood loss. However, in pathologic conditions, such as rupture of atherosclerotic plaques, platelet–collagen interactions are associated with cardiovascular and cerebral vascular diseases. Platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) plays a crucial role in collagen-induced activation and aggregation of platelets, and people who are deficient in GPVI suffer from bleeding disorders. Based on the fact that GPVI is coupled to the Fc receptor (FcR)-γ chain and thus should share homology with the FcR chains, the genes encoding human and mouse GPVI were identified. They belong to the immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily and share 64% homology at the protein level. Functional evidence demonstrating the identity of the recombinant protein with GPVI was shown by binding to its natural ligand collagen; binding to convulxin (Cvx), a GPVI-specific ligand from snake venom; binding of anti-GPVI IgG isolated from a patient; and association to the FcR-γ chain. The study also demonstrated that the soluble protein blocks Cvx and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and that GPVI expression is restricted to megakaryocytes and platelets. Finally, human GPVI was mapped to chromosome 19, long arm, region 1, band 3 (19q13), in the same region as multiple members of the Ig superfamily. This work offers the opportunity to explore the involvement of GPVI in thrombotic disease, to develop alternative antithrombotic compounds, and to characterize the mechanism involved in GPVI genetic deficiencies.
Phonon spectra inCaFe2As2andCa0.6Na0.4Fe2As2: Measurement of the pressure and temperature dependence and comparison withab initioand shell model calculations (2009)

We report the pressure and temperature dependence of the phonon density-of-states in superconducting ${\text{Ca}}_{0.6}{\text{Na}}_{0.4}{\text{Fe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ $({T}_{c}=21\text{ }\text{K})$ and the parent compound ${\text{CaFe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ using inelastic neutron scattering. We observe no significant change in the phonon spectrum for ${\text{Ca}}_{0.6}{\text{Na}}_{0.4}{\text{Fe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ at 295 K up to pressures of 5 kbar. The phonon spectrum for ${\text{CaFe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$ shows softening of the low-energy modes by about 1 meV when decreasing the temperature from 300 to 180 K. There is no appreciable change in the phonon density of states across the structural and antiferromagnetic phase transition at 172 K. These results, combined with our earlier temperature dependent phonon density of states measurements for ${\text{Ca}}_{0.6}{\text{Na}}_{0.4}{\text{Fe}}_{2}{\text{As}}_{2}$, indicate that the softening of low-energy phonon modes in these compounds may be due to the interaction of phonons with electron or short-range spin fluctuations in the normal state of the superconducting compound as well as in the parent compound. The phonon spectra are analyzed with ab initio and empirical potential calculations giving partial densities of states and dispersion relations.
Design of a Passive, Shear-Based Rotary Hydraulic Damper for Single-Axis Prosthetic Knees (2018)

With over 30 million people worldwide in need of assistive devices, there is a great need for low-cost, high performance prosthetic technologies in the developing world. A majority of the hydraulic dampers used in prosthetic knee designs are highly specialized, expensive, require regular maintenance, and are incompatible for use with low-cost, single-axis prosthetic knees popular in developing countries. In this study, optimal damping coefficients were computed based on a theoretical analysis of gait, specifically during the transition from the stance to swing phase of human walking when a large damping torque is needed at the knee. A novel rotary hydraulic damper prototype was designed using high-viscosity silicone oil and a concentric meshing of fins for shearing the oil. The prototype was validated experimentally to provide the desired damping torque profile. For preliminary, user-centric validation of the prototype, a gait study on one above-knee amputee in India was conducted with four different damping magnitudes. Feedback from the subject validated the optimal damping torque magnitude predicted for minimizing gait deviations and for enabling able-bodied knee kinematics. The new rotary hydraulic damper design is novel, passive, and compatible with low-cost, single-axis knee prostheses.
Critical dialogue (2010)

Although topics such as fun, enjoyment, aesthetics, and experience are relatively new in HCI, long traditions of scholarship in the humanities and social sciences have examined them. Some have already been expressed in the appropriation of conceptualizations of experience in HCI research and practice. There is also a small but fast growing body of work in HCI seeking to approach these topics from the perspective of cultural and critical theory. In the history of ideas, experience and critical theory have not always made good bedfellows, sometimes complementing each other, sometimes resisting each other. This workshop will explore the ways in which HCI can benefit from a constructive dialogue between critical theory and experience in questions of design and evaluation.
Trials and Tribulations (2016)

The testing of new medicines is a complex, labor- and cost-intensive practice that has evolved over the past 200 years. This chapter explains some of the jargon used by medical practioners and industry scientists to explain how the cure for scurvy by a promising young British Navy captain gave rise to the naming of Royal Navy sailors as “limeys.” More than a century later, the Nazi atrocities of the Second World War likewise contributed to the rise of modern ethical practices and examples of how these have been implemented include the approval of breakthrough cancer medicines. In doing so, we discuss the different “phases” of clinical trials and relate the lessons learned from a tragic 2006 clinical trial in London that caused one volunteer's head to swell so large that he was referred to as “the Elephant Man.” By understanding how the size and intensity of clinical trials has grown over time, one begins to appreciate the parallel escalation of drug costs. Finally, we discuss the thalidomide crisis and how the bravery and persistance of a new female FDA employee overrode a multi-national conglomerate to prevent America from falling victim to the severe birth defects experienced by many other countries.
Reduction in frataxin causes progressive accumulation of mitochondrial damage (2003)

Frataxin protein controls iron availability in mitochondria and reduced levels lead to the human disease, Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA). The molecular aspects of disease progression are not well understood. We developed a highly regulatable promoter system for expressing frataxin in yeast to address the consequences of chronically reduced amounts of this protein. Shutting off the promoter resulted in changes normally associated with loss of frataxin including iron accumulation within the mitochondria and the induction of mitochondrial petite mutants. While there was considerable oxidative damage to mitochondrial proteins, the petites were likely due to accumulation of mitochondrial DNA lesions and subsequent DNA loss. Chronically reduced frataxin levels resulted in similar response patterns. Furthermore, nuclear DNA damage was detected in a rad52 mutant, deficient in double-strand break repair. We conclude that reduced frataxin levels, which is more representative of the disease state, results in considerable oxidative damage in both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA.
Combined pulsed field ablation with ultra‐low temperature cryoablation: A preclinical experience (2022)

A novel technology combining PFA and ULTC into one energy source demonstrated in-vivo feasibility for PFCA ablation. PFCA had a more favorable thermal profile and did not produce muscle contraction or microbubbles while extending lesion depth beyond cryoablation.
A browser for browsing the past web (2006)

We describe a browser for the past web. It can retrieve data from multiple past web resources and features a passive browsing style based on change detection and presentation. The browser shows past pages one by one along a time line. The parts that were changed between consecutive page versions are animated to reflect their deletion or insertion, thereby drawing the user's attention to them. The browser enables automatic skipping of changeless periods and filtered browsing based on user specified query.
<title>Laser diode optical fiber pumping system for solid state lasers</title> (1996)

New fabrication technique of fiber endfaces microlenses (spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, hyperbolic, etc.) by grinding/polishing process has been developed. The coupling efficiency of laser diodes radiation in the range of 90 - 93% has been obtained. Fiber-diode-pumped Nd:GdVO<SUB>4</SUB> laser output power dependence on pump power diagram at the fiber output has been investigated.
Wireless low-power temperature probes for food/pharmaceutical process monitoring (2015)

This work presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of a wireless, low-power, multi-point temperature sensor system for process monitoring applications. This is particularly useful for low-temperature applications commonly found in pharmaceutical and food processing plants where accurate monitoring of temperature over long time intervals (e.g. days) is necessary. Using capacitive temperature elements, a wireless three-point temperature measurement in liquid has been successfully demonstrated. The system has been tested down to 55°C and achieves a resolution of <;0.01°C. The developed system utilizes the low power ANT wireless protocols for data transmission. This allows operation in the 2.4 GHz ISM band and supports large-scale sensor network topologies (2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">32</sup> nodes). The entire system occupies a small footprint of 13 by 33 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a power consumption less than 1 mW.
Integration of Communication and Sensing in 6G: a Joint Industrial and Academic Perspective (2021)

6G will likely be the first generation of mobile communication that will feature tight integration of localization and sensing with communication functionalities. Among several worldwide initiatives, the Hexa-X flagship project stands out as it brings together 25 key players from adjacent industries and academia, and has among its explicit goals to research fundamentally new radio access technologies and high-resolution localization and sensing. Such features will not only enable novel use cases requiring extreme localization performance, but also provide a means to support and improve communication functionalities. This paper provides an overview of the Hexa-X vision alongside the envisioned use cases. To close the required performance gap of these use cases with respect to 5G, several technical enablers will be discussed, together with the associated research challenges for the coming years.