gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing the carbon footprint of commercial refrigeration systems using life cycle climate performance analysis: from system design to refrigerant options. (2013)

In this paper, Life Cycle Climate Performance (LCCP) analysis is used to estimate lifetime direct and indirect carbon dioxide equivalent gas emissions of various refrigerant options and commercial refrigeration system designs, including the multiplex DX system with various hydrofluorocarbon (HFC) refrigerants, the HFC/R744 cascade system incorporating a medium-temperature R744 secondary loop, and the transcritical R744 booster system. The results of the LCCP analysis are presented, including the direct and indirect carbon dioxide equivalent emissions for each refrigeration system and refrigerant option. Based on the results of the LCCP analysis, recommendations are given for the selection of low GWP replacement refrigerants for use in existing commercial refrigeration systems, as well as for the selection of commercial refrigeration system designs with low carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, suitable for new installations.
Prevalence of <I>Thelohania solenopsae</I> (Microsporidia: Thelohaniidae) Infection in Monogyne and Polygyne Red Imported Fire Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (2004)

We determined the prevalence of natural eld infections of the re ant pathogen Thelohania solenopsae Knell, Allen, and Hazard in the monogyne and polygyne social forms of the red imported re ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, in three pastures in Florida. Social form was determined by examining the genotype of ants at the Gp-9 locus. The monogyne form contains a single fertilized queen per colony, and colony members have a genotype of Gp-9 BB . In contrast, the polygyne form contains many fertilized queens per colony, and all three genotypes of Gp-9 BB , Gp-9 Bb , or Gp-9 bb can be present within a colony. Among the study sites, ratios of monogyne:polygyne colonies ranged from 3:5528:22, and infections rates were 4278% when both social forms were included in the samples from each site. However, T. solenopsae infections were restricted to colonies of the polygynous social form. While T. solenopsae was only detected in polygynous colonies in the eld, T. solenopsae infections were found in ants with the monogyne genotype. Ants from four colonies reared from eld-collected, newly mated queens that were naturally infected with T. solenopsae were found to exhibit this genotype. T. solenopsae also was detected in individual alate female reproductives possessing the monogyne genotype, which were collected from polygynous colonies. Polygynous colonies can contain individual ants that possess either the polygyne or monogyne genotype. Thus, T. solenopsae infections can occur in re ants with genotypes of either social form. Because making genotypic determinations of S. invicta social forms may be impractical in the eld, we compared visual and genotypic determinations of polygyny and monogyny. Visual determinations, based mainly on the relative preponderance of major workers, corresponded to 85% of the genotypic determinations.
A modified clinicopathological tumor staging system for survival prediction of patients with penile cancer (2018)

T2-3 penile cancers are heterogeneous, and a modified clinicopathological staging system that incorporates lymphovascular embolization may better predict the prognosis of patients with penile cancer than does the 8th AJCC-TNM staging system. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered on Chinese Clinical Trail Registry: ChiCTR16008041 (2016-03-02). http://www.chictr.org.cn.
Role of Coordination Structure of Magnesium Ions on Charge and Discharge Behavior of Magnesium Alloy Electrode (2018)

Mechanism of magnesium ion alloying reaction into bismuth electrode in magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Mg(TFSA)2)/acetonitrile (AN) and Mg(TFSA)2/2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) electrolyte was examined by a combination of operando soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), Raman spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. In 0.5 M Mg(TFSA)2/AN, the magnesium ions alloying reaction occurred, whereas the alloying reaction did not occur in 0.5 M Mg(TFSA)2/2-MeTHF. Raman spectroscopy showed that less than 15% of [TFSA]− coordinates with magnesium ions in 0.5 M Mg(TFSA)2/AN, while more than 90% of [TFSA]− coordinates with magnesium ions in Mg(TFSA)2/2-MeTHF. Using operando XAS measurements, we observed that electronic and local structure of magnesium ion changed similarly upon cathodic polarization in both electrolytes. These results indicate that the difference of the behavior of alloy formation should be affected by the difference of coordinate structure of [TFSA]− in both electrolytes. Our DFT calculation results indicates [TFSA]− coordinated to magnesium ions undergoes reduction decomposition more easily than [TFSA]− uncoordinated to magnesium ions. In 0.5 M Mg(TFSA)2/2-MeTHF, the [TFSA]− coordinating to magnesium ions undergoes reduction decomposition, which inhibits the alloying reaction into the bismuth electrode. On the other hand, in 0.5 M Mg(TFSA)2/AN, the [TFSA]− reduction decomposition occurs relatively slowly because of the weak coordination between [TFSA]− and magnesium ions, which allows the magnesium ions alloying into the bismuth electrode in the electrolyte.
An optical metasurface planar camera (2016)

Optical metasurfaces are 2D arrays of nano-scatterers that modify optical wavefronts at subwavelength spatial resolution. They are poised to revolutionize optical design by enabling complex low cost systems where multiple metasurfaces are lithographically stacked on top of each other and are integrated with electronics. For imaging applications, metasurface stacks can perform sophisticated image corrections and can be directly integrated with image sensors. Here, we demonstrate this concept with a miniature flat camera integrating a monolithic metasurface lens doublet corrected for monochromatic aberrations, and an image sensor. The doublet lens, which acts as a fisheye photographic objective, has an f-number of 0.9, an angle-of-view larger than 60$^\circ$$\times$60$^\circ$, and operates at 850 nm wavelength with large transmission. The camera exhibits high image quality, which indicates the potential of this technology to produce a paradigm shift in future designs of imaging systems for microscopy, photography and computer vision.
Micro‐Imprinting of Oligonucleotides and Oligonucleotide Gradients on Gold Surfaces: A New Approach Based on the Combination of Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy and Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SECM/ SPR‐i) (2005)

Abstract A new strategy for the formation of DNA patterns on thin gold surfaces together with DNA hybridization is described. The formation and characterization of the oligonucleotide array is based on a combination of an electrochemical and an optical technique: scanning electrochemical microscopy and surface plasmon resonance imaging (SECM/SPR‐i). The DNA array is formed through electropolymerization of a mixture of pyrrole and pyrrole bearing covalently linked oligonucleotides probes using SECM. SPR‐i as well as fluorescence imaging are used to quantify DNA hybridization on these multi‐parametric interfaces. The capability of scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to pattern gold surfaces with density gradients of oligonucleotides attached to the gold surfaces is further demonstrated. These density gradients result from the progressive increase in the movement of the x ‐axis while applying continuous potential pulses to the gold surface. Surface plasmon resonance imaging is used to detect the deposition step, while fluorescence imaging is employed to visualize the deposited oligonucleotide density gradient.
Processive interfacial catalysis by mammalian 85-kilodalton phospholipase A2 enzymes on product-containing vesicles: Application to the determination of substrate preferences (1993)

Substrate specificities of the human and rat kidney 85-kDa phospholipase A2 enzymes (hmw-PLA2) have been determined under conditions in which hydrolysis of substrate vesicles occurs without the desorption of enzyme from the interface (scooting mode catalysis). The rat kidney enzyme binds to vesicles of 1-oleoyl-2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OPPC), which contain the substrate 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SAPC) and 10 mol% arachidonic acid (20:4) and 1-stearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (S-lyso-PC) as the hydrolysis reaction products, with a second-order rate constant k(on) approximately equal to 2 x 10(7) M-1 s-1. Upper limits of k(off) < or = 3 x 10(-4) s-1 and KD < = or 15 pM for the dissociation rate and equilibrium constants, respectively, are estimated from the vesicle binding measurements. The initial rates of hydrolysis of either radiolabeled 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoserine (3H-SAPS), -phosphoethanolamine (3H-SAPE), -phosphoinositol (14C-SAPI), or -phosphate (3H-SAPA) and either 3H-SAPC or 14C-SAPC, which were incorporated into product-containing OPPC vesicles, were simultaneously measured with dual isotope radiometric assays. The plasmenylcholine 1-O-(Z-hexadec-1'-enyl)-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycero-3- phosphocholine (3H-PlasAPC) was also tested. Relative substrate specificity constants (Kcat/KM* values) were determined from the concentrations and initial rates of hydrolysis of the labeled substrates; the rank order of the values is SAPC approximately equal to SAPI approximately equal to PlasAPC > SAPE > SAPA approximately equal to SAPS. The maximal difference in specificity constants is 3.5-fold, indicating that the hmw-PLA2 does not significantly discriminate between phospholipids with different polar head groups. The diglyceride 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl-sn-glycerol is not a substrate for the human hmw-PLA2. Two mixtures of 1-stearoyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, which have different sn-2 acyl chains, were prepared and compared to SAPC as substrates. One mixture contained naturally-occurring unsaturated fatty acyl chains and the other contained a mixture of 20:4, all of its partially hydrogenated analogues (20:3, 20:2, and 20:1), and arachidic acid (20:0). The order of preference for the human hmw-PLA2 is sn-2-20:4 > sn-2-alpha-linolenoyl > sn-2-linoleoyl > sn-2-oleoyl > or = sn-2-palmitoyleoyl.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Targeted re‐sequencing of the allohexaploid wheat exome (2012)

Bread wheat, Triticum aestivum, is an allohexaploid composed of the three distinct ancestral genomes, A, B and D. The polyploid nature of the wheat genome together with its large size has limited our ability to generate the significant amount of sequence data required for whole genome studies. Even with the advent of next-generation sequencing technology, it is still relatively expensive to generate whole genome sequences for more than a few wheat genomes at any one time. To overcome this problem, we have developed a targeted-capture re-sequencing protocol based upon NimbleGen array technology to capture and characterize 56.5 Mb of genomic DNA with sequence similarity to over 100 000 transcripts from eight different UK allohexaploid wheat varieties. Using this procedure in conjunction with a carefully designed bioinformatic procedure, we have identified more than 500 000 putative single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). While 80% of these were variants between the homoeologous genomes, A, B and D, a significant number (20%) were putative varietal SNPs between the eight varieties studied. A small number of these latter polymorphisms were experimentally validated using KASPar technology and 94% proved to be genuine. The procedures described here to sequence a large proportion of the wheat genome, and the various SNPs identified should be of considerable use to the wider wheat community.
Multiphoton Ionization of Molecules (1971)

This work reports the first attempt at multiphoton ionization of molecules of iodine, heavy water, and carbon tetrachloride. Despite the occurrence of many different ions, only ${\mathrm{I}}^{+}$, ${\mathrm{D}}^{+}$, and C$\mathrm{Cl}_{3}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$, respectively, were observed quantitatively using the technique of multiphoton ionization of atoms. "Saturation" was observed.
Widely tunable soliton frequency shifting of few-cycle laser pulses (2006)

Photonic-crystal fibers are employed to demonstrate widely tunable frequency down-conversion of unamplified 6-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses through the soliton self-frequency shift induced by the Raman effect. Wavelength shifts as large as 500 nm are achieved for input few-cycle pulses with broadband spectra centered at approximately 820 nm. The central wavelength of the redshifted output of a photonic-crystal fiber is smoothly tuned from the low-frequency edge in the spectrum of the 6-fs Ti:sapphire laser pulse up to 1.35 microm by varying the input energy in the fundamental mode of the fiber.
End-of-Fiber Long-Period Fiber Grating-Based Sensors (2009)

Carbon-dioxide-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings are fabricated near fiber end-faces and assessed for use as sensors. The effects of changing the surrounding refractive index are characterized. A solvent vapor sensor is fabricated and experimentally evaluated.
Stability and Activity of Rhodium Promoted Nickel-Based Catalysts in Dry Reforming of Methane (2023)

The rhodium oxide (Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) doping effect on the activity and stability of nickel catalysts supported over yttria-stabilized zirconia was examined in dry reforming of methane (DRM) by using a tubular reactor, operated at 800 °C. The catalysts were characterized by using several techniques including nitrogen physisorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, H<sub>2</sub>-temperature programmed reduction, CO<sub>2</sub>-temperature programmed Desorption, and temperature gravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of Ni-YZr was not affected by the addition of Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. However, it facilitated the activation of the catalysts and reduced the catalyst's surface basicity. The addition of 4.0 wt.% Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> gave the optimum conversions of CH<sub>4</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> of ~89% and ~92%, respectively. Furthermore, the incorporation of Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, in the range of 0.0-4.0 wt.% loading, enhanced DRM and decreased the impact of reverse water gas shift, as inferred by the thermodynamics analysis. TGA revealed that the addition of Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> diminished the carbon formation on the spent catalysts, and hence, boosted the stability, owing to the potential of rhodium for carbon oxidation through gasification reactions. The 4.0 wt.% Rh<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> loading gave a 12.5% weight loss of carbon. The TEM images displayed filamentous carbon, confirming the TGA results.
10-Year Impact of Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Leaflet Design (Intra- Versus Supra-Annular) in Mortality and Hemodynamic Performance (2022)

In this study, TAVR leaflet design had no impact on survival at 10-years. IA devices showed higher transaortic gradients and cumulative incidences of HVD and BVF predominantly occurring in the smallest valve sizes.
Comparison of Conventional and Triple Bolus Computerized Tomographic Urography Protocols for Radiation Dose Reduction in Hematuria Evaluation: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2021)

In both the settings of macroscopic and microscopic hematuria evaluation, triple bolus computerized tomography significantly reduces radiation exposure while providing equivalent detection of genitourinary pathology compared to conventional computerized tomography. The ability to detect upper tract filling defects was not specifically tested.
Influence of adjuvant radiotherapy on circulating epithelial tumor cells and circulating cancer stem cells in primary non-metastatic breast cancer (2021)

Monitoring the number of CETCs and the CETC subset with cancer stem cell properties during RT may provide additional clinically useful prognostic information.
A modular open platform for systematic functional studies under physiological conditions (2015)

Any profound comprehension of gene function requires detailed information about the subcellular localization, molecular interactions and spatio-temporal dynamics of gene products. We developed a multifunctional integrase (MIN) tag for rapid and versatile genome engineering that serves not only as a genetic entry site for the Bxb1 integrase but also as a novel epitope tag for standardized detection and precipitation. For the systematic study of epigenetic factors, including Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, Tet1, Tet2, Tet3 and Uhrf1, we generated MIN-tagged embryonic stem cell lines and created a toolbox of prefabricated modules that can be integrated via Bxb1-mediated recombination. We used these functional modules to study protein interactions and their spatio-temporal dynamics as well as gene expression and specific mutations during cellular differentiation and in response to external stimuli. Our genome engineering strategy provides a versatile open platform for efficient generation of multiple isogenic cell lines to study gene function under physiological conditions.
A Chiral, Self‐Catenating and Porous Metal–Organic Framework and its Post‐Synthetic Metal Uptake (2012)

Free vacancies: A robust and porous metal–organic framework material with unique 4-connected self-catenating structure of {85⋅10} topology was synthesized. The structure features empty bipyridine metal-chelating sites that can be doped with copper cations in a single-crystal-to-single-crystal post-synthetic modification (see picture; scale bar 20 μm).
On-line monitoring of air-emission from an air toxic control device using a microtrap based NMOC analyzer (1997)

Non-methane organic carbon (NMOC) is a measure of total organic carbon in an air emission except that from methane. It is a convenient way of expressing total organic emission in terms of carbon (e.g. ppm{sub c} or ppb{sub c}). The NMOC measurement allows different emission sources to be compared in terms of total carbon irrespective of the specific compounds being emitted. This paper reports the development of a on-line analyzer to be used for continuous monitoring of NMOC in air emissions. The performance of the analyzer is demonstrated by monitoring the effluents from a catalytic incinerator.
Optical gas sensing responses in transparent conducting oxides with large free carrier density (2014)

Inherent advantages of optical-based sensing devices motivate a need for materials with useful optical responses that can be utilized as thin film functional sensor layers. Transparent conducting metal oxides with large electrical conductivities as typified by Al-doped ZnO (AZO) display attractive properties for high temperature optical gas sensing through strong optical transduction of responses conventionally monitored through changes in measured electrical resistivity. An enhanced optical sensing response in the near-infrared and ultraviolet/visible wavelength ranges is demonstrated experimentally and linked with characteristic modifications to the dielectric constant due to a relatively high concentration of free charge carriers. The impact of light scattering on the magnitude and wavelength dependence of the sensing response is also discussed highlighting the potential for tuning the optical sensing response by controlling the surface roughness of a continuous film or the average particle size of a nanoparticle-based film. The physics underpinning the optical sensing response for AZO films on planar substrates yields significant insight into the measured sensing response for optical fiber-based evanescent wave absorption spectroscopy sensors employing an AZO sensing layer. The physics of optical gas sensing discussed here provides a pathway towards development of sensing materials for extreme temperature optical gas sensing applications. As one example, preliminary results are presented for a Nb-doped TiO2 film with sufficient stability and relatively large sensing responses at sensing temperatures greater than 500 °C.
Bias dependent admittance spectroscopy: the impact of sodium supply on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 growth (2021)

In modern Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cell production, alkali-poor substrates are becoming increasingly common. Thus, understanding the effect of alkali atoms on the growth of the CIGS absorber has become crucial. We studied this impact by comparing the bias dependent admittance spectroscopy response of CIGS solar cells grown with varying amounts of sodium using two different growth processes. The absence of sodium led to an intense response which is progressively replaced by other response domains as the sodium supply increases. We linked these new domains to Na accumulation and a resulting increase in band bending at the CIGS/CdS interface.
Tracking Switched Dynamic Network Topologies From Information Cascades (2016)

Contagions, such as the spread of popular news stories, or infectious diseases, propagate in cascades over dynamic networks with unobservable topologies. However, “social signals,” such as product purchase time, or blog entry timestamps are measurable, and implicitly depend on the underlying topology, making it possible to track it over time. Interestingly, network topologies often “jump” between discrete states that may account for sudden changes in the observed signals. The present paper advocates a switched dynamic structural equation model to capture the topology dependent cascade evolution, as well as the discrete states driving the underlying topologies. Conditions under which the proposed switched model is identifiable are established. Leveraging the edge sparsity inherent to social networks, a recursive ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -norm regularized least-squares estimator is put forth to jointly track the states and network topologies. An efficient first-order proximal-gradient algorithm is developed to solve the resulting optimization problem. Numerical experiments on both synthetic data and real cascades measured over the span of one year are conducted, and test results corroborate the efficacy of the advocated approach.
Display gamut reshaping for color emulation and balancing (2010)

Emerging next generation digital light projectors are using multiple LED/laser sources instead of one white lamp. This results in a color gamut much larger than any existing display or capture device. Though advantageous in theory, when used to display contents captured/processed at a smaller gamut, a large gamut expansion results in hue-shift artifacts. We present a hardware-assisted 3D gamut reshaping method that handles the gamut expansion in LED based DLP displays by hierarchical temporal multiplexing of the multiple primaries. This, in turn, results in a color emulation technique by which projectors with such large gamuts can also achieve a standard color gamut and white point - the two most important color properties in terms of display quality, with an additional advantage of increased brightness and dynamic range. The same method can also be used for color balancing across multiple projectors that are often used to create large-scale high resolution displays.
Fabrication of periodically poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate (2005)

Periodical poling process in stoichiometric lithium tantalate is described. Appropriate poling parameters allow high uniformity of domain structures along the length and the depth, leading to high efficiency and extended effective aperture