gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Choroid-Plexus-Derived Otx2 Homeoprotein Constrains Adult Cortical Plasticity (2013)

Brain plasticity is often restricted to critical periods in early life. Here, we show that a key regulator of this process in the visual cortex, Otx2 homeoprotein, is synthesized and secreted globally from the choroid plexus. Consequently, Otx2 is maintained in selected GABA cells unexpectedly throughout the mature forebrain. Genetic disruption of choroid-expressed Otx2 impacts these distant circuits and in the primary visual cortex reopens binocular plasticity to restore vision in amblyopic mice. The potential to regulate adult cortical plasticity through the choroid plexus underscores the importance of this structure in brain physiology and offers therapeutic approaches to recovery from a broad range of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Perpendicular Exchange Bias ofCo/PtMultilayers (2001)

Exchange bias measurements of ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic (F/AF) bilayers are typically performed with the magnetization of the F layer parallel to the AF interface. We describe measurements of Co/Pt multilayers with out-of-plane magnetic easy axis that are exchange biased with CoO. Field-cooling experiments with the applied field perpendicular and parallel to the sample plane exhibit loop shifts and enhanced coercivities. Modeling and comparison to biasing of samples with planar easy axis suggests such measurements provide a way to probe the spin projections at F/AF interfaces.
Somatic Cell Fusions Reveal Extensive Heterogeneity in Basal-like Breast Cancer (2015)

Basal-like and luminal breast tumors have distinct clinical behavior and molecular profiles, yet the underlying mechanisms are poorly defined. To interrogate processes that determine these distinct phenotypes and their inheritance pattern, we generated somatic cell fusions and performed integrated genetic and epigenetic (DNA methylation and chromatin) profiling. We found that the basal-like trait is generally dominant and is largely defined by epigenetic repression of luminal transcription factors. Definition of super-enhancers highlighted a core program common in luminal cells but a high degree of heterogeneity in basal-like breast cancers that correlates with clinical outcome. We also found that protein extracts of basal-like cells are sufficient to induce a luminal-to-basal phenotypic switch, implying a trigger of basal-like autoregulatory circuits. We determined that KDM6A might be required for luminal-basal fusions, and we identified EN1, TBX18, and TCF4 as candidate transcriptional regulators of the luminal-to-basal switch. Our findings highlight the remarkable epigenetic plasticity of breast cancer cells.
Spatio-chromatic model for colour image processing (2002)

Traditional colour image enhancement techniques, have ignored the design of the human visual system and have treated colour images as three independent grayscale images. Contrary to this the authors first discuss an opponent colour model of the early visual system and demonstrate it's use in spatial enhancement of both image brightness and chroma. The opponent transform is calculated such that cone redundancies are reduced and information compressed, similar to the way it is performed in the visual system. This results in an achromatic and two opponent chromatic channels. Laplacian based edge enhancement is then performed independently on each channel. The spatial enhancement of chroma highlights small colour detail and enhances colour edges thus increasing image detail in areas where achromatic enhancement has no effect. Due to spatial limitations of the visual system, the best enhanced image is obtained when both achromatic and chromatic edge enhancement are used together.
Delivery of Targeted Co(III)–DNA Inhibitors of Gli Proteins to Disrupt Hedgehog Signaling (2022)

The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is integral for embryonic development and normal cell maintenance. However, aberrant expression of the Hh pathway is recognized as the oncogenic driving force for basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Current chemotherapeutic treatments that inhibit Hh signaling allow treatment of only locally advanced and metastatic BCCs via inhibition of the transmembrane protein, smoothened. It is further recognized that downstream mutations often lead to chemoresistant tumor recurrence. The Gli proteins are the ultimate regulators of Hh signaling and belong to a family of Cys<sub>2</sub>His<sub>2</sub> zinc finger transcription factors (ZnFTFs) that we have shown can be irreversibly inhibited by a series of cobalt(III) Schiff base-DNA (CoSB-DNA) conjugates. However, a significant challenge is the delivery of CoSB-DNA complexes in mammalian tissues. Herein, we report a polyethyleneimine-functionalized graphene oxide nanoconjugate (GOPEI) that delivers CoGli, a CoSB-DNA complex that targets Gli specifically. We describe the characterization of the surface functionalization of GOPEI and accumulation in ASZ murine BCC cells via confocal microscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Lysosomal escape of CoGli is further confirmed by confocal microscopy. We report the successful targeting of Gli by CoGli and a 17-fold improvement in potency over small-molecule Gli inhibitor GANT-61 in inhibiting Hh-driven migration of ASZ murine BCC cells. This study provides a promising starting point for further investigating CoGli inhibitors of Hh signaling in developed mammalian tissues.
An Approach to Interference Detection for Ultra Wideband Radio Systems (2006)

This paper presents an interference detection technique based on analog spectral decomposition for a multi-band ultra wideband (UWB) radio system. The architecture utilizes a cascade of image-rejecting single-sideband mixers with fixed LO frequencies. The proposed technique can rapidly detect portions of the spectrum with the largest interference levels and provide information to avoid transmission and reception in those bands. This information can be used to relax the dynamic range of the receiver and reduce the potential for interference-related signal degradation
Noise and intercept point calculation for modern radio receiver planning (2001)

The paper presents analytical expressions for determining noise and intercept points for cascaded radio receiver stages. The theory allows for active receiver stages with frequency selectivity and flexible impedance levels. This makes the method highly usable for planning of modern receivers where baseband stages significantly influence the overall performance. A simple homodyne receiver example is used to demonstrate the scope of applicability and to exemplify the proposed theory.
Chemokines (2007)

Chemokines are a family of polypeptides that direct the migration of leukocytes toward a site of infection. They play a major role in autoimmune disease and chemokine receptors have recently been found to mediate HIV-1 fusion. In this short review we examine the role of chemokines in host defence and in the pathophysiology of autoimmune diseases. We conclude by discussing various therapeutic approaches that target chemokine receptors and that could be beneficial in disease.
Production and Effect of Infectious Dane Particles in Transgenic Mice (1991)

We have demonstrated by immunoelectron microscopy that 42-nm particles with double-shelled structures characteristic of Dane particles are present in the serum of transgenic mice, 1.2HB-BS 10, carrying partly duplicated hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome. Furthermore, these particles were shown to infect primary human fetal hepatocytes as demonstrated by the elevation of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) in the culture medium. HBV DNA is known to be expressed in a liver- and kidney-specific manner in the adult mouse, so we examined the developmental expression of viral antigens. In the liver, viral antigens (HBsAg and HBV e antigen) began to be expressed before birth and the level of expression showed a sharp rise after birth. On the other hand, in the kidney, viral antigens began to be expressed after birth. Serum levels of viral antigens were roughly proportional to the levels of expression in the liver, suggesting that the liver is the main source for viral antigens in the serum. None of these transgenic mice produced anti-HBs or anti-HBV core response or showed biochemical or pathological change up to at least 24 months of age. All these results suggest that infectious viral particles can be produced in transgenic mice, and that expression and replication of HBV DNA are not toxic in vivo.
A novel error resilient joint source-channel coding scheme for image transmission over error prone channels (2009)

In this paper, we proposed a double-level error resilient joint source-channel coding scheme for image transmission. Characteristically, we inserted one coordinative component named error resilient entropy coding (EREC) between source coding and channel coding to achieve additional error resilient capability. Based on the novel architecture, we proved that, in the aspects of computational complexity, coding redundancy and furthermore the decoding performance of image transmission, our scheme outperformed either separate source and channel coding scheme or joint source-channel coding scheme with synchronization words.
Processing and Testing of RE 2 Si 2 O 7 Fiber–Matrix Interphases for SiC–SiC Composites (2015)

Rare‐earth disilicates ( RE 2 Si 2 O 7 ) are investigated for use as oxidation‐resistant alternatives to carbon or BN fiber–matrix interphases in ceramic matrix composites ( CMC ). Dense α, β, γ‐Y 2 Si 2 O 7 , and γ‐Ho 2 Si 2 O 7 pellets were formed at 64 MPa and 1050°C–1200°C for 1 h using the field‐assisted sintering technique ( FAST ). Pellet modulus was measured using nanoindentation, and Vickers hardness was measured at loads of 100, 500, and 1000 g. The sliding stress of SCS ‐0 SiC fibers incorporated in α‐, β‐, and γ‐ RE 2 Si 2 O 7 matrices were measured by fiber push‐out. Deformation of RE 2 Si 2 O 7 after indentation and after fiber push‐out was characterized by TEM . Implications of the results for use of RE 2 Si 2 O 7 as a fiber–matrix interphase in CMC s are discussed.
Assembly of the antifungal agent FR-900848 and the CETP inhibitor U-106305: studies on remarkable multicyclopropane natural products (1997)

The full structural elucidation of FR-900848, an antifungal pentacyclopropane nucleoside natural product from Streptoverticillum fervens, is reported. A series of model compounds are prepared using multiple asymmetric Simmons–Smith cyclopropanation reactions. Comparisons of spectroscopic data of synthetic 1,2-dicyclopropylethene, quatercyclopropane-2,2′′′-dimethanol and 2-methylcyclo-propanecarbaldehyde derivatives of defined absolute stereochemistry with FR-900848 and its degradation products are used to unequivocally establish the absolute stereochemistry of the natural product. A C 2 -symmetric quatercyclopropane-2,2′′′-dimethanol is converted by a sequence of desymmetrisation, selective monocyclopropanation of a 5-(quatercyclopropyl)penta-2,4-dien-1-ol derivative, deoxygenation and Horner–Emmons homologation into the fatty acid side chain ofFR-900848. Coupling of this carboxylic acid with 5′-amino-5′-deoxy-5,6-dihydrouridine gives synthetic FR-900848. The unusual helical structure of FR-900848 is discussed and compared with U-106305, a cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces sp. UC 11136. The full structure and stereochemistry of U-106305 is established by total synthesis using a bidirectional strategy closely following the route to FR-900848.
Convergence Analysis of Narrowband Feedback Active Noise Control System With Imperfect Secondary Path Estimation (2013)

In many practical active noise control (ANC) applications, feedback structure using estimated secondary path to synthesize reference signal is preferred under various conditions. This paper analyzes the convergence behavior of the narrowband feedback ANC systems with imperfect secondary path estimation. Existing approaches do not include the analysis of the reference signal synthesis errors due to its interrelated feedback nature. In this paper, the reconstruction error is modeled using the secondary path estimation error. Using this model, the effects of estimation errors on the convergence of the feedback ANC system is investigated. To further examine the effects of error in the filtered- x and filtered- y signal paths, these two paths are analyze separately to isolate the effects caused by these paths. Computer simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical analysis presented in the paper.
Efficacy, Safety, and Dose of Pafuramidine, a New Oral Drug for Treatment of First Stage Sleeping Sickness, in a Phase 2a Clinical Study and Phase 2b Randomized Clinical Studies (2016)

Pafuramidine for the treatment of first stage HAT was comparable in efficacy to pentamidine after 10 days of dosing. The cure rates 3 months post-treatment were 79% in the 5-day pafuramidine, 100% in the 7-day pentamidine, and 93% in the 10-day pafuramidine groups. In Phase 2b, the percentage of patients with at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event was notably higher after pentamidine treatment (93%) than pafuramidine treatment for 5 days (25%) and 10 days (57%). These results support continuation of the development program for pafuramidine into Phase 3.
Perisylvian Sulcal Morphology and Cerebral Asymmetry Patterns in Adults Who Stutter (2007)

Previous investigations of cerebral anatomy in persistent developmental stutterers have reported bilateral anomalies in the perisylvian region and atypical patterns of cerebral asymmetry. In this study, perisylvian sulcal patterns were analyzed to compare subjects with persistent developmental stuttering (PDS) and an age-, hand-, and gender-matched control group. This analysis was accomplished using software designed for 3-dimensional sulcal identification and extraction. Patterns of cerebral asymmetry were also investigated with standard planimetric measurements. PDS subjects showed a small but significant increase in both the number of sulci connecting with the second segment of the right Sylvian fissure and in the number of suprasylvian gyral banks (of sulci) along this segment. No differences were seen in the left perisylvian region for either sulcal number or gyral bank number. Measurements of asymmetry revealed typical patterns of cerebral asymmetry in both groups with no significant differences in frontal and occipital width asymmetry, frontal and occipital pole asymmetry, or planum temporale and Sylvian fissure asymmetries. The subtle difference in cortical folding of the right perisylvian region observed in PDS subjects may correlate with functional imaging studies that have reported increased right-hemisphere activity during stuttered speech.
Designing Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles to Overcome Biological Barriers by Incorporating Targeting and Endosomal Escape (2021)

The several biological barriers that nanoparticles might encounter when administered to a patient constitute the major bottleneck of nanoparticle-mediated tumor drug delivery, preventing their successful translation into the clinic and reducing their therapeutic profile. In this work, mesoporous silica nanoparticles have been employed as a platform to engineer a versatile nanomedicine able to address such barriers, achieving (a) excessive premature drug release control, (b) accumulation in tumor tissues, (c) selective internalization in tumoral cells, and (d) endosomal escape. The nanoparticles have been decorated with a self-immolative redox-responsive linker to prevent excessive premature release, to which a versatile and polyvalent peptide that is able to recognize tumoral cells and induce the delivery of the nanoparticles to the cytoplasm via endosomal escape has been grafted. The excellent biological performance of the carrier has been demonstrated using 2D and 3D <i>in vitro</i> cell cultures and a tumor-bearing chicken embryo model, demonstrating in all cases high biocompatibility and cytotoxic effect, efficient endosomal escape and tumor penetration, and accumulation in tumors grown on the chorioallantoic membrane of chicken embryos.
Role of an EpCAM auto-antibody in ovarian cancer patients with special regard to disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow (2009)

e16557 Background: EpCAM is a tumor associated antigen which is frequently expressed in ovarian cancer. Recently, an autoantibody (AAB) against EpCAM has been identified in ovarian cancer patients. Autoantibodies are immunogene factors and might be of prognostic importance. We showed that disseminated tumor cells (DTC) in bone marrow carry the EpCAM antigen on their surface and correlate with poorer progression free survival (PFS). Here, we evaluated whether EpCAM-AABs have an impact on clinical parameters or the presence of DTC in ovarian cancer patients. Methods: EpCAM-AABs were determined in sera of 28 healthy voluntary age matched females and 62 patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer before and after platinum-based chemotherapy using a recombinant EpCAM-epitope for antibody- detection by ELISA technique. Mean follow up time was 13 months. DTC in BM were detected by immunocytochemistry applying the pan cytokeratin antibody A45-B/B3. All samples exceeding the mean antibody titer of healthy controls plus 2 standard deviations were considered positive. Results: The antibody titer of healthy controls was 0.061 + 0.015. Using a cut-off value of 0.091, we found 9/62 (15%) ovarian cancer patients to be positive for EpCAM-AABs after first-line treatment. Interestingly, no positive AAB-titers were seen before therapy. Using the paired T-Test, we noted a significant posttherapeutic increase of AABs (CI 0.95, p &lt; 0.0001). Analysis of PFS, FIGO stage, resection status, grading, age, sensitivity to platinum based chemotherapy and DTC did not reveal significant associations with positive EpCAM-AAB titers. Conclusions: The clinical course of ovarian cancer patients and the prevalence of DTC were not altered by EpCAM-AABs. Interestingly, we observed an increase of antibody-levels after first-line treatment. For further validation, we intend to extend our patient collective. In future, it might also be interesting to investigate the impact of AABs on response to targeted therapies against EpCAM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Compounded Topical Pain Creams (2020)

Pain is both a symptom and a disease. It manifests in multiple forms and its treatment is complex. Physical, social, economic, and emotional consequences of pain can impair an individual's overall health, well-being, productivity, and relationships in myriad ways. The impact of pain at a population level is vast and, while estimates differ, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 50 million U.S. adults are living in pain. In terms of pain's global impact, estimates suggest the problem affects approximately 1 in 5 adults across the world, with nearly 1 in 10 adults newly diagnosed with chronic pain each year. In recent years, the issues surrounding the complexity of pain management have contributed to increased demand for alternative strategies for treating pain. One such strategy is to expand use of topical pain medications—medications applied to intact skin. This nonoral route of administration for pain medication has the potential benefit, in theory, of local activity and fewer systemic side effects. Compounding is an age-old pharmaceutical practice of combining, mixing, or adjusting ingredients to create a tailored medication to meet the needs of a patient. The aim of compounding, historically, has been to provide patients with access to therapeutic alternatives that are safe and effective, especially for people with clinical needs that cannot otherwise be met by commercially available FDA-approved drugs. Compounded Topical Pain Creams explores issues regarding the safety and effectiveness of the ingredients in these pain creams. This report analyzes the available scientific data relating to the ingredients used in compounded topical pain creams and offers recommendations regarding the treatment of patients.
On Block Noncoherent Communication with Low-Precision Phase Quantization at the Receiver (2009)

We consider communication over the block noncoherent AWGN channel with low-precision Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) at the receiver. For standard uniform Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation, we investigate the performance of a receiver architecture that quantizes only the phase of the received signal; this has the advantage of being implementable without automatic gain control, using multiple 1-bit ADCs preceded by analog multipliers. We study the structure of the transition density of the resulting channel model. Several results, based on the symmetry inherent in the channel, are provided to characterize this transition density. A low complexity procedure for computing the channel capacity is obtained using these results. Numerical capacity computations for QPSK show that 8-bin phase quantization of the received signal recovers more than 80-85 % of the capacity attained with unquantized observations, while 12-bin phase quantization recovers above 90-95 % of the unquantized capacity. Dithering the constellation is shown to improve the performance in the face of drastic quantization.
Distinct roles for B7-1 (CD-80) and B7-2 (CD-86) in the initiation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. (1995)

The activation and differentiation of T cells require both antigen/MHC recognition and costimulatory signals. The present studies examined the role of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) costimulation in the prototypic autoimmune disorder, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). In adoptively transferred EAE, in vitro activation of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific lymph node cells was inhibited by the combination of anti-CD80 plus anti-CD86, but not individually. However, in actively induced disease, one injection of anti-CD80 significantly reduced disease, while anti-CD86 exacerbated disease. Interestingly, one injection of CTLA-4Ig suppressed disease, while multiple injections resulted in enhanced disease. Thus, the costimulation provided by B7-1 molecules appears to be important for the development of encephalitogenic T cells. The enhanced disease caused by multiple injections of CTLA-4Ig or a single injection of anti-CD86 suggests an inhibitory function for CD86 interaction with its counterreceptors CD28 and CTLA-4 in EAE. Alternatively, these results are consistent with an essential timing requirement for the coordinated interaction of B7 and CD28 family receptors, and that disruption of this critical timing can have opposing results on the outcome of an immune response.
Standardization of Inactivated H5N2 Influenza Vaccine and Efficacy against Lethal A/Chicken/Pennsylvania/1370/83 Infection (1985)

The hemagglutinin concentration of beta-propiolactone-inactivated influenza vaccine containing A/Duck/N.Y./189/82 (H5N2) virus was measured by single-radial-immunodiffusion (SRD) test. After administration of vaccine to chickens in Freund's complete adjuvant, vaccine efficacy was assessed by challenge with lethal A/Chicken/Penn./1370/83 (H5N2) virus. SRD potency values correlated with post-vaccination antibody levels and protection against infection.
GaInN light-emitting diodes using separate epitaxial growth for the p-type region to attain polarization-inverted electron-blocking layer, reduced electron leakage, and improved hole injection (2013)

A GaInN light-emitting diode (LED) structure is analyzed that employs a separate epitaxial growth for the p-type region, i.e., the AlGaN electron-blocking layer (EBL) and p-type GaN cladding layer, followed by wafer or chip bonding. Such LED structure has a polarization-inverted EBL and allows for uncompromised epitaxial-growth optimization of the p-type region, i.e., without the need to consider degradation of the quantum-well active region during p-type region growth. Simulations show that such an LED structure reduces electron leakage, reduces the efficiency droop, improves hole injection, and has the potential to extend high efficiencies into the green spectral region.