gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of amorphous poly(thioarylene)s via oxidative polymerization of diaryl disulfides (1996)

Abstract Amorphous poly(thioarylene)s containing a methyl substituent and/or an ether bond in the main chain were prepared via oxidative polymerization of diaryl disulfides using 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyanobenzoquinone. The resulting poly(thio‐2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenyleneoxy‐1,4‐phenylene) having alternating ether and thioether bonds shows a better solvent solubility and has a higher glass transition temperature ( T g ) (182°C) than non‐substituted poly(thio‐1,4‐phenylene). Polymerization of methyl substituted diphenyl ether derivatives with disulfur dichloride has been also developed for a one‐pot synthesis of amorphous poly(thioarylene)s.
Modelling and characterisation of the polymer stud grid array (PSGA) package: electrical, thermal and thermo-mechanical qualification (2002)

We characterise the polymer stud grid array (PSGA) package electrically, thermally and thermomechanically for successful commercial application. For the electrical characterisation, we extract lumped parameter RLC (resistance-inductance-capacitance) models for the interconnects from simulations. We also measure the RF performance of the package on test structures and also by mounting an RF chip on the PSGA. The average self-inductance from the wirebond pad to the bottom of the stud is 1 nH and the capacitance to the ground is 0.35 pF for the PSGA with 'Over The Edge' (OTE) interconnection. The lumped RLC model verified by full 3D electromagnetic simulations and is found to be valid at least up to 10 GHz. Simulation models also indicate that the 'Micro-via' (/spl mu/-via) type of interconnection on the PSGA package improves performance by decreasing the inductance on an average by 60%. Thermal characterisation involves the development of a steady-state thermal compact model with 6 nodes for the 72-pin PSGA. We also perform transient thermal measurements on test packages to fine-tune the detailed model. For the thermo-mechanical case we test the first level and second level reliability by experiments and optimise them using simulations. The board level reliability for the 72-pin PSGA mounted on a PCB is very high (N50%>10000 cycles). Simulations also show a higher reliability for the PSGA than the PBGA (plastic ball grid array).
Formation of oriented high T c superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O thin films on silver substrates by organometallic chemical vapor deposition (1990)

Highly oriented thin films of the high Tc Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor have been deposited on silver substrates by low-pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition. The volatile metalorganic complexes Cu(acetylacetonate)2, Sr(dipivaloylmethanate)2, Ca(dipivaloylmethanate)2, and triphenyl bismuth are used as precursors with N2O as a reactant gas. X-ray diffraction measurements reveal that the films deposited at 625 °C contain a mixture of the Bi2(Sr,Ca)2CuOx and Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox phases. The post-annealed films are predominantly composed of the Bi2(Sr,Ca)3Cu2Ox phase with preferential orientation of the crystallite c axes perpendicular to the substrate surface. Magnetic susceptibility measurements indicate the superconducting onset temperature of the annealed films to be at 80 K. The zero-field critical current density, estimated from magnetization measurements, is ∼3.9×105 A/cm2 at 5.5 K.
The Air Stability of Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes (2022)

Sodium-ion batteries (NIBs) are listed as one of the ideal alternatives for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), due to the abundant sodium resources, cost-effective electrode materials of NIBs, and same architecture of NIBs to LIBs. To enable the practical implementation of NIBs, advanced cathodes with higher energy/power densities, better safety and cycle life, as well as lower cost are required. Layered lithium transition metal oxides (LiTMO 2 ) are one of the most successful cathode materials for commercial LIBs. Similarly, layered sodium transition metal oxides (Na x TMO 2 , also termed as sodium layered oxides) are of particular interest for commercial NIBs owing to their high specific capacity, a wide variety of redox-active elements, and the possibility for the manufacturers to employ established synthesis processes as their lithium counterparts. Sodium layered oxides are built up by ordered stacking of alternate alkali-metal (Na + ) layers and transition metal layers (TmO 2 ). The two-dimensional structure makes them the natural hosts for alkali-metal ions and other ions or small molecules, such as H 2 O. Therefore, when exposed to moist atmospheres, layered oxide materials tend to react with H 2 O which adsorbed on their surface and thus deteriorate their structure and electrochemical performances. Accordingly, the air-sensitive sodium layered oxides should be well protected from the moist atmospheres, rendering a higher manufacturing and preservation cost. Here, based on the reaction mechanisms, critical influencing factors, and modification methods of layered oxides in moisture, we try to reach a comprehensive understanding of the air-stability of sodium layered oxides. Moreover, future efforts to resolve the air-stability of sodium layered oxides from Argonne National Laboratory will be also presented. References 1. Han, M. H.; Gonzalo, E.; Singh, G.; Rojo, T. A comprehensive review of sodium layered oxides: powerful cathodes for Na-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2015 , 8 , 81-102. 2. Zuo, W.; Qiu, J.; Liu, X.; Ren, F.; Liu, H.; He, H.; Luo, C.; Li, J.; Ortiz, G. F.; Duan, H.; Liu, J.; Wang, M. S.; Li, Y.; Fu, R.; Yang, Y. The stability of P2-layered sodium transition metal oxides in ambient atmospheres. Commun. 2020 , 11 , 3544. 3. Xu, G. L.; Liu, X.; Zhou, X.; Zhao, C.; Hwang, I.; Daali, A.; Yang, Z.; Ren, Y.; Sun, C. J.; Chen, Z.; Liu, Y.; Amine, K. Native lattice strain induced structural earthquake in sodium layered oxide cathodes. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 436. 4. Zuo, W.; Xiao, Z.; Zarrabeitia, M.; Xue, X.; Yang, Y.; Passerini, S. Guidelines for Air-Stable Lithium/Sodium Layered Oxide Cathodes. ACS Materials Letters 2022 , 4 , 1074-1086. 5. Fu, F.; Liu, X.; Fu, X.; Chen, H.; Huang, L.; Fan, J.; Le, J.; Wang, Q.; Yang, W.; Ren, Y.; Amine, K.; Sun, S. G.; Xu, G. L. Entropy and crystal-facet modulation of P2-type layered cathodes for long-lasting sodium-based batteries. Commun. 2022 , 13 , 2826.
O-013 (2012)

Hoppin, Jane; Jaramillo, Renee; London, Stephanie; Bertelsen, Randi; Sandler, Dale; Salo, Paivi; Zeldin, Darryl Author Information
Evaluation of an Additively Manufactured Respirator for Personnel Protection from Particulates (2020)

Additively manufactured respirators (AMRs) made using rigid plastic can be fitted with repurposed filter media to yield a wearable mask capable of passing a quantitative fit test with criteria set for commercial, N95 health care particulate respirators. This has been verified through an evaluation study assessing AMR masks fabricated using open-source design files and a commercial fused-filament fabrication machine, using N95 filter cloth and a P100 respirator cartridge. A few examples of filter media not designed for human respiratory protection were also evaluated in an AMR mask but did not demonstrate filtering sufficient to pass the N95 test criteria. All attributes of an AMR mask system must be considered during design and when testing performance, including the mask frame, gasket, and the cord used to secure the mask to the face. AMR masks are not the same as commercially available respiratory masks. If AMR masks are used as personal protective equipment (PPE) during a crisis when there is a shortage of regular PPE it is important that wearers are fully informed of the differences, tradeoffs, and risks associated with their use. Quantitative fit testing and proper training on how to don and doff the AMR mask are important to help achieve the best possible outcome when they are used.
Serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and bipolar affective disorder (1998)

Interactions with antidepressants, as well as other biochemical evidence, implicate the serotonin transporter 5-HTT in the etiology of affective disorders. However, genetic studies have produced conflicting results concerning an association of 5-HTT with bipolar disorder. We examined a variable number tandem repeat in the regulatory region of this gene to investigate the possible contribution of 5-HTT to bipolar disorder susceptibility in a 22-pedigree series. By affected-sib-pair analysis and the transmission/disequilibrium test, we found no significant linkage or association of 5-HTT to bipolar disorder. During the course of this study, we adapted a PCR technique designed to amplify long templates to replicating long GC stretches with complex structure. We also refined the location of 5-HTT by radiation hybrid mapping, placing the locus between D17S1294 and SHGC-11022 on 17q11.2. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 81:37–40, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Impact of cyprinid herpesvirus-3, which causes interstitial nephritis and gill necrosis, on the activity of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) macrophages and lymphocytes (2012)

We’ve built this digital research platform to provide academics everywhere with fast, stable and secure digital access to our library of over 110,000 scholarly books and 800,000 journal articles. We’ve tested the platform in close cooperation with leading academic institutions. If you have any questions or you notice something doesn’t quite work as it should, please visit our <a href="/publishing/faq?lang=en" class="text-primary">Help/FAQ</a> page and let us know.
Abnormal D cell secretion in alloxan-diabetes: influence by drug and aberrant metabolism (1984)

Abnormalities of somatostatin secretion in diabetes may be secondary to B cell damage with resulting insulinopenia or other effects of diabetogenic agents, including toxicity toward the somatostatin-producing D cells. These possibilities were evaluated in isolated perfused pancreas from normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. In normal rats 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, 1 mM), alpha-ketoisocaproic acid (KIC, 5 mM), D-glucose (27 mM), and D-glyceraldehyde (5 mM) stimulated somatostatin release. In diabetic rats 3 days after alloxan, IBMX and KIC elicited somatostatin release, whereas glucose or glyceraldehyde were without effect. In diabetic rats 14 days after alloxan, an otherwise (in normal and 3-day diabetic rats) nonstimulatory concentration of IBMX (0.05 mM) markedly stimulated somatostatin release, whereas as in 3-day diabetic rats glucose was ineffective. Insulin treatment for 2 days did not affect the somatostatin response to glucose in normal rats, did not restore a somatostatin response to glucose 3 days after alloxan, but partially restored (P less than 0.01) a response to glucose (28% of normal) 14 days after alloxan. Insulin in vitro (1 mU/ml, 20 min) failed to restore a glucose effect. Administration of alloxan (1.0 mM) for 5 min to pancreases from normal rats inhibited glucose-induced somatostatin response from 1,562 +/- 401 to 206 +/- 83 pg/15 min (P less than 0.01), whereas the response to IBMX (1 mM) was not significantly decreased. Following different time courses, both an effect of alloxan and of metabolic derangement inhibit somatostatin responses to glucose in alloxan diabetes.
Rotated partial distance search for faster vector quantization encoding (2000)

Partial distance search (PDS) is a method of reducing the amount of computation required for vector quantization encoding. The method is simple and general enough to be incorporated into many fast encoding algorithms. This paper describes a simple improvement to PDS based on principal components analysis (PCA), which rotates the codebook without altering the interpoint distances. Like PDS, this new method can be used to improve many fast encoding algorithms. The algorithm decreases the decoding time of PDS by as much as 44%, and decreases the decoding time of k-d trees by as much as 66% on common vector quantization benchmarks.
Supplementary Table 2 from Multifactorial T-cell Hypofunction That Is Reversible Can Limit the Efficacy of Chimeric Antigen Receptor–Transduced Human T cells in Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 37K, CAR spleen infiltrating lymphocytes have lower levels of inhibitory receptors than CAR tumor infiltrating lymphocytes.&lt;/p&gt;
Tl-concentration dependence of scintillation properties in Tl-doped CsBr single crystals (2020)

Abstract Photoluminescence and scintillation properties of CsBr single crystals with various concentrations of Tl (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 1%) were examined. Under an excitation at 260–280 nm and X-ray excitation, all the samples exhibited emission peaking around 360 and 510 nm with the decay time constants of μ s order. The former emission would be due to 3 P 1 → 1 S 0 transitions of Tl + ion associated with tetragonal structures, and the latter one was due to off-center configurations of self-trapped excitons localized near Tl + ions at trigonal structures. The pulse height analysis under 137 Cs γ -ray (662 keV) irradiation indicated that the 0.3%Tl-doped sample possessed the highest scintillation output among the prepared samples. From the results under various γ -ray irradiation, we confirmed that the scintillation output showed a good proportional response against γ -ray energy up to 1274 keV.
Measurements of NOx Emissions From DLE and Non-DLE Gas Turbine Engines Employed in Natural Gas Compressor Stations and Comparison With PEM Models (2014)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) publishes emissions factors for gas turbines in its Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, “Volume I Stationary Point and Area Sources, Publication No. AP-42”. This document uses an emissions factor (EF) which is a representative value that attempts to relate the quantity of a pollutant released to the atmosphere with an activity associated with the release of that pollutant. For natural gas-fired gas turbines, EPA NOx (nitrogen oxides) emissions factors are usually expressed as the weight of pollutant per unit fuel volume burned or its equivalent heating value (e.g. kg/m3 or kg/GJ). In most cases, these factors are simply averages of available data, and are generally assumed to be representative of long-term averages for all facilities in the source category. Additionally, AP-42 specifies two EFs depending on the engine load being above or below 80% of rated power. In this paper, NOx emissions tests were conducted on four gas turbines. The first two were non dry low emissions (non-DLE) General Electric engines (LM1600), one in Alberta and the other in Ontario, with significant elevation difference. The other two were Rolls-Royce (R-R) engines; one DLE (RB211-24G) while the other is a non-DLE (RB211-24C), both in Alberta at the same elevation. These tests were conducted at different ambient temperatures varying from −7°C to +28°C using Continuous Emissions Monitoring (CEM) emissions samples based on EPA Method 7E standard. Predictive Emission Monitoring (PEM) systems were also developed based on these and previous testing, and predictions are compared to measured data. The difference between NOx emissions from these four engines at different loads (minimum to maximum) and different ambient conditions are presented and compared. A comparison with AP-42 emissions factors is presented and discussed. It was found that the elevation difference between the two LM1600 engines makes a significant difference in NOx emissions. Additionally, the emissions from the DLE engine when it is operating out of the DLE mode (at low loads) emits higher NOx than a non-DLE engine at the same load and ambient conditions.
Dendritic Cell Immunotherapy for HIV-1 Infection Using Autologous HIV-1 RNA: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2020)

The genomic heterogeneity of HIV-1 impedes the ability of consensus sequences in vaccines to elicit effective antiviral immune responses. AGS-004 amplifies translation-competent RNA molecules encoding for Gag, Rev, Vpr, and Nef from the patient’s autologous virus and loads them into dendritic cells (DC).
Sorbitol permease: an apical membrane transporter in cultured renal papillary epithelial cells (1991)

The efflux of sorbitol from the rabbit papillary epithelial cell line PAP-HT25 occurs through a specific transport pathway, which we denote the "sorbitol permease." The permease was studied by measuring cell volume changes that accompanied osmotic swelling and by determination of the sorbitol efflux from plasma membrane vesicles. The cell volume studies showed that sorbitol efflux in response to hypotonicity occurred only across the apical membrane of the cells and that loss of sorbitol was the primary mechanism for regulatory volume decrease (RVD) by these cells. Quinidine, a permeant inhibitor of the sorbitol permease, was shown to prevent RVD when added to either apical or basolateral bathing solution. Cell volume experiments also showed that the permease was present only on the apical membrane of cells that had been grown in isotonic medium and did not accumulate sorbitol. The permease could be demonstrated in membrane vesicles obtained from cells exposed to a hypotonic environment before being homogenized. Quinidine blocked the sorbitol efflux from vesicles indicating that it either directly inhibited the permease or a membrane-associated activation step.
Magnetic domain walls displacement: Automotion versus spin-transfer torque (2010)

From the magnetization dynamics equation, a domain wall that changes structure is predicted to undergo a displacement by itself, a phenomenon called automotion. We experimentally demonstrate this effect in soft nanostrips, by transforming under spin-transfer torque a metastable asymmetric transverse wall into a vortex wall. Displacements more than three times larger than under spin-transfer torque only are measured for 1 ns pulses. The results are explained by analytical and numerical micromagnetics. Their relevance to domain-wall motion under spin-transfer torque is emphasized.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyruvate Aldolases as Reagents for Stereospecific Aldol Condensation. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long-term physical impairments in survivors of COVID-19-associated ARDS compared with classic ARDS: A two-center study (2023)

Both classic ARDS and CARDS survivors experienced long-term impairments in physical functioning, confirming that post-intensive care syndrome remains a major legacy of critical illness. Surprisingly, however, persisting disability was more common in survivors of classic ARDS than in CARDS survivors. In fact, muscle strength measured with HGD was reduced in survivors of classic ARDS compared to CARDS patients at both 6 and 12 months. The 6MWT was reduced and fatigue was more common in classic ARDS compared to CARDS at 6 months but differences were no longer significant at 12 months. Most patients in both groups regained independent function in ADLs at 6 months.
Optimizing information credibility in social swarming applications (2011)

With the advent of smartphone technology, it has become possible to conceive of entirely new classes of applications. Social swarming, in which users armed with smartphones are directed by a central director to report on events in the physical world, has several real-world applications. In this paper, we focus on the following problem: how does the director optimize the selection of reporters to deliver credible corroborating information about an event? We first propose a model, based on common intuitions of believability, about the credibility of information. We then cast the problem as a discrete optimization problem, and introduce optimal centralized solutions and an approximate solution amenable to decentralized implementation whose performance is about 20% off on average from the optimal while being 3 orders of magnitude more computationally efficient. More interesting, a time-averaged version of the problem is amenable to a novel stochastic utility optimization formulation, and can be solved optimally, while in some cases yielding decentralized solutions.
Simulation and experimental studies of a rate-adaptive digital subscriber loop (RA-DSL) transmission method (2003)

Selected results are presented from a simulation study aimed at improving the use of the subscriber loop plant for digital transmission through adaptive bit rate transceivers for ISDN applications. The results show that even with transceiver structures as used for basic rate access, operating in the presence of residual echoes, near-end crosstalk, and white noise, it is possible to achieve bit rates up to 1.5 Mb/s over loops up to 1 km long, and that with bit rates reduced to 50 kb/s a reach of 7.5 km is easily achievable. The principle of operation and circuit design of an experimental rate-adaptive hardware implementation are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Space–time dependence of acoustic waves in a borehole (1981)

A combined theoretical and experimental study, using a scale laboratory model with a cylindrical borehole, has been performed to study the space–time dependence of modal propagation. Wave analysis has been expanded to include cased hole as well as the more usual situation of open hole propagation. A general formalism for cylindrically layered media is presented. Experimental results include 40 waveforms with transmitter–receiver spacings in increments of 12.7 mm which is sufficient to avoid significant spatial aliasing. Wavenumber-frequency spectral estimation is used to resolve trapped modes in the data set. Good agreement between theory and experiment has been obtained for both modal dispersion and mode cutoff frequencies.
A Medicinal Chemistry-Driven Approach Identified the Sterol Isomerase EBP as the Molecular Target of TASIN Colorectal Cancer Toxins (2020)

TASIN (Truncated APC-Selective Inhibitors) compounds are selectively toxic to colorectal cancer cells with <i>APC</i> mutations, although their mechanism of action remains unknown. Here, we found that TASINs inhibit three enzymes in the postsqualene cholesterol biosynthetic pathway including EBP, DHCR7, and DHCR24. Even though all three of these enzymes are required for cholesterol biosynthesis, only inhibition of the most upstream enzyme, EBP, led to cancer cell death via depletion of downstream sterols, an observation that was confirmed by genetic silencing of EBP. Pharmacologic inhibition or genetic silencing of either DHCR7 or DHCR24 had no impact on cell viability. By using photoaffinity probes to generate a relationship between chemical structure and probe competition, we identified compounds that selectively inhibit either EBP or DHCR7. These studies identify EBP, but not downstream enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, as a target in APC mutant colorectal cancer and also have implications for the clinical development of highly selective EBP inhibitors.