gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyporesponsiveness and its clinical implications after vaccination with polysaccharide or glycoconjugate vaccines (2011)

Hyporesponsiveness (immune tolerance) follows vaccination with meningococcal polysaccharide and many pneumococcal polysaccharide serotypes. Hyporesponsiveness after Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide vaccination has not been directly observed, but may follow exposure during disease in some individuals. Use of currently licensed conjugate vaccines has not been associated with hyporesponsiveness to date, with the possible exception of pneumococcal serotype 3. Introduction of polysaccharide vaccines anywhere into a conjugate vaccination schedule may result in reduced immune responses on subsequent exposure. This review of vaccine-induced hyporesponsiveness and its potential clinical implications considers recent evidence suggesting that hyporesponsiveness may occur for specific components of combined conjugate vaccines, such as pneumococcal serotype 3. These data have implications for the development of new multivalent vaccines.
Microprocessor-Controlled DC Motor for Load-Insensitive Position Servo System (1987)

The conventional proportional P controller has been often used as the position controller of the dc servo motor. When the unknown and inaccessible load torque, such as the coulomb friction, the gravity, and so on, is imposed on the dc servo motor, this control system has the steady-and/or transient-state error.
Structure of the DNA Decamer d(GGCAATTGCG) Contains both Major- and Minor-Groove Binding G·(G·C) Base Triplets (1998)

The crystal structure of the decamer d(GGCAATTGCG) has been determined at 2.4 A resolution. The central eight bases of each DNA single-strand base pair with a self-complementary strand to form an octamer B-DNA duplex. These duplexes lie end-to-end within the unit cell. The terminal 5'-G and G-3' bases of each decamer strand are unpaired, and interact with the neighbouring duplexes via interactions within both the major and minor groove. This results in base triplets of the type G-(G.C) and G*(G.C), with the third guanine base binding to a Watson-Crick G.C base pair from the major groove and the minor groove, respectively. The triplet interaction of the type G-(G.C) involves Hoogsteen hydrogen-bonding interactions between the two guanine bases. The minor- and major-groove base triplet interactions which exist within this structure act to stabilize the d(GCAATTGC)2 B-DNA octamer duplex.
Localized field enhancements in fractal shaped periodic metal nanostructures (2007)

Fractal shaped structures formed with a 100-nm-period square lattice of gold nanoparticles placed on a gold film are characterized by using far-field nonlinear scanning optical microscopy, in which two-photon photoluminescence (TPL) excited with a strongly focused laser beam (in the wavelength range of 730 - 790 nm) is detected. The TPL images recorded for all wavelengths exhibit diffraction-limited (~ 0.6 mum) bright spots corresponding to the field intensity enhancement of up to 150, whose positions are dictated by the incident light wavelength and polarization. We relate these field enhancements to the occurrence of constructive interference of surface plasmons (SPs), which are excited by the incident radiation (due to scattering by nanoparticles) and partially reflected by fractal shaped boundaries due to a difference in the SP effective index at a flat and periodically corrugated gold surface. The conjecture on SP index difference is verified with observations (using leakage radiation microscopy) of SP focusing by circular and waveguiding by rectangular areas filled with periodically arranged nanoparticles.
Potent and rapid activation of tropomyosin-receptor kinase A in endometrial stromal fibroblasts by seminal plasma† (2018)

Seminal plasma (SP), the liquid fraction of semen, is not mandatory for conception, but clinical studies suggest that SP improves implantation rates. Prior in vitro studies examining the effects of SP on the endometrium, the site of implantation, surprisingly revealed that SP induces transcriptional profiles associated with neurogenesis. We investigated the presence and activity of neurogenesis pathways in the endometrium, focusing on TrkA, one of the canonical receptors associated with neurotrophic signaling. We demonstrate that TrkA is expressed in the endometrium. To determine if SP activates TrkA signaling, we isolated the two most abundant endometrial cell types-endometrial epithelial cells (eEC) and endometrial stromal fibroblasts (eSF)-and examined TrkA activity in these cells after SP exposure. While SP only moderately activated TrkA in eEC, it potently and rapidly activated TrkA in eSF. This activation occurred in both non-decidualized and decidualized eSF. Blocking this pathway resulted in dysregulation of SP-induced cytokine production by eSF. Surprisingly, while the canonical TrkA agonist nerve growth factor was detected in SP, TrkA activation was principally induced by a 30-100-kDa protein whose identity remains to be established. Our results show that TrkA signaling is highly active in eSF and is rapidly induced by SP.
Magnetite-Based Biosensors and Molecular Logic Gates: From Magnetite Synthesis to Application (2023)

In the last few decades, point-of-care (POC) sensors have become increasingly important in the detection of various targets for the early diagnostics and treatment of diseases. Diverse nanomaterials are used as building blocks for the development of smart biosensors and magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) are among them. The intrinsic properties of MNPs, such as their large surface area, chemical stability, ease of functionalization, high saturation magnetization, and more, mean they have great potential for use in biosensors. Moreover, the unique characteristics of MNPs, such as their response to external magnetic fields, allow them to be easily manipulated (concentrated and redispersed) in fluidic media. As they are functionalized with biomolecules, MNPs bear high sensitivity and selectivity towards the detection of target biomolecules, which means they are advantageous in biosensor development and lead to a more sensitive, rapid, and accurate identification and quantification of target analytes. Due to the abovementioned properties of functionalized MNPs and their unique magnetic characteristics, they could be employed in the creation of new POC devices, molecular logic gates, and new biomolecular-based biocomputing interfaces, which would build on new ideas and principles. The current review outlines the synthesis, surface coverage, and functionalization of MNPs, as well as recent advancements in magnetite-based biosensors for POC diagnostics and some perspectives in molecular logic, and it also contains some of our own results regarding the topic, which include synthetic MNPs, their application for sample preparation, and the design of fluorescent-based molecular logic gates.
Temperature-dependent Radiative Lifetimes of Excitons in Non-polar GaN/AlGaN Quantum Wells (2006)

Nonpolar GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells (MQW) have shown an improved quantum efficiency due to better wave function overlap in the absence of the large polarization fields normally found in their c-plane counterparts. Here we report theoretical and experimental studies of radiative recombination of carriers in GaN quantum wells grown on low defect a-plane GaN templates fabricated by lateral epitaxial overgrowth. The calculated radiative rates are presented as functions of temperature and well width. We also evaluated the dependence of the radiative lifetimes on carrier density in the quantum well by including effects of screening and phase-space filling in the evaluation of the exciton oscillator strength
Defect coverage of boundary-scan tests: what does it mean when a boundary-scan lestpasses? (2004)

A new coverage definition and metric, called the 'PCOLA/SOQ" model, introduced in K. Hird et al. (2002), has great utility in allowing the test coverage of defects on boards to be measured and compared rationally. This paper discusses the general topic of measuring test coverage of boundary-scan tests within this framework. A conclusion is that boundary-scan tests offer a large amount of test coverage when boundary-scan is implemented on a board, even if that implementation is partial. However, coverage is not perfect for certain defects in the PCOLA/SOQ model, as shown by example.
Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) (2011)

Background: Fibrotic lung diseases are associated with an increased prevalence of coronary artery disease and cardiovascular complications [Kizer et al., 2004]. Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are widely accepted as markers of cardiovascular risk. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to assess aortic stiffness and endothelial dysfunction in patients with IPF and to determine the association of these markers with other clinical and functional parameters. Methods: We enrolled 25 IPF patients (age 57±8 yrs; FVC 80±18%; DL CO 38±15%) and 30 normal control subjects (age 52±5 yrs). Assessment of arterial stiffness was performed by use of digital photoplethysmography (Pulse Trace PCA 2, Micro Medical). Change in reflection index of the digital volume pulse in response to salbutamol (ΔRI SALB ) was used to assess endothelial function. Results: In IPF patients stiffness index (SI) was significantly higher than in normal control subjects: 9.8±3.1 vs 6.9±1.0 m/s (p&lt;0.001). The correlations between SI and sleep time spent with SpO 2 &lt; 88% (r=-0.67, p&lt;0.05) and total serum cholesterol level (r=-0.77, p&lt;0.05) were highly significant in IPF patients. ΔRI SALB was significantly lower in IPF patients than in control subjects: 2.2±1.2% vs 15.8±9.3% (p=0.01). ΔRI SALB was significantly associated with FEV 1 (r=-0.57, p&lt;0.05), mean nocturnal SpO 2 (r=-0.83, p&lt;0.05) and total cholesterol level (r=-0.71, p&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Arterial stiffness and endothelial dysfunction are significantly impaired in IPF patients. Decreased FEV 1 was associated with endothelial dysfunction. Nocturnal hypoxemia and total cholesterol level have an association with both arterial stiffness and endothelial function.
Investigation of yellow/green II‐VI compound semiconductor laser diode structures on InP substrates (2016)

Abstract II‐VI‐compound‐semiconductor laser diode (LD) structures on InP substrates were investigated using device simulations and waveguide analysis. Our simulations showed that electron injection from the n‐cladding into the active layer is hindered by the n‐side barrier layer between the n‐cladding and active layer. Consequently, holes are not injected into the active layer but instead leak to the n‐side layers. It was shown that carrier injection efficiency can be improved by removing the n‐barrier. On the contrary, no large differences were observed between the optical confinement factors of the LD structures with and without the n‐barrier layer. In experiments, we have fabricated the LD structures with and without the n‐barrier layer on InP substrates using molecular beam epitaxy. The turn‐on voltage of the device without the n‐barrier was smaller than that for the device with the n‐barrier by about 5 V. Spontaneous orange emissions around 603 nm were observed for the devices without the n‐barrier. In contrast, no emission was observed for the devices with the n‐barrier. These results prove that the carrier injection into the active layer is enhanced by the removal of the n‐barrier, leading to improved the device performances. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Overview of the UL3 Omega uncooled camera and its applications (2002)

When it was first introduced two years ago, Indigo Systems Corporation's UL3 Alpha, a miniature uncooled infrared camera, set new standards for ultra-low size, weight and power within the thermal imaging industry. Now Omega, the next generation in Indigo's UL3 product line, takes advantage of novel algorithms and packaging concepts to further reduce size, weight, and power while still improving performance. These qualities make Omega an ideal candidate for many commercial and military applications, including fire-fighting, law enforcement, industrial inspection, remote surveillance, miniature unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned ground vehicles (UGV), and numerous other possibilities. This paper describes the design, performance and salient features of the Omega camera. Current and future applications of the UL3 product line are also discussed.
Histomolecular interpretation of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary gland by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization imaging and spatial segmentation (2014)

Our study highlights the cellular transdifferentiation within the pleomorphic adenoma. It could be shown that spatial segmentation of MALDI imaging data is a promising approach in the emerging field of digital histological analysis and characterization of tumors.
Biological, ultrastructural effect and subcellular localization of aromatic diamidines in Trypanosoma cruzi (2009)

No vaccines or safe chemotherapy are available for Chagas disease. Pentamidine and related di-cations are DNA minor groove-binders with broad-spectrum anti-protozoal activity. Therefore our aim was to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of di-cationic compounds - DB1645, DB1582, DB1651, DB1646, DB1670 and DB1627 - against bloodstream trypomastigotes (BT) and intracellular forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. Cellular targets of these compounds in treated parasites were also analysed by fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). DB1645, DB1582 and DB1651 were the most active against BT showing IC50 values ranging between 0.15 and 6.9 microm. All compounds displayed low toxicity towards mammalian cells and DB1645, DB1582 and DB1651 were also the most effective against intracellular parasites, with IC50 values ranging between 7.3 and 13.3 microm. All compounds localized in parasite nuclei and kDNA (with greater intensity in the latter structure), and DB1582 and DB1651 also concentrated in non-DNA-containing cytoplasmic organelles possibly acidocalcisomes. TEM revealed alterations in mitochondria and kinetoplasts, as well as important disorganization of microtubules. Our data provide further information regarding the activity of this class of compounds upon T. cruzi which should aid future design and synthesis of agents that could be used for Chagas disease therapy.
Development and evaluation of a short-range applicator for treating superficial moving tumors with respiratory-gated spot-scanning proton therapy using real-time image guidance (2016)

Treatment of superficial tumors that move with respiration (e.g. lung tumors) using spot-scanning proton therapy (SSPT) is a high-priority research area. The recently developed real-time image-gated proton beam therapy (RGPT) system has proven to be useful for treating moving tumors deep inside the liver. However, when treating superficial tumors, the proton's range is small and so is the sizes of range straggling, making the Bragg-peaks extremely sharp compared to those located in deep-seated tumors. The extreme sharpness of Bragg-peaks is not always beneficial because it necessitates a large number of energy layers to make a spread-out Bragg-peak, resulting in long treatment times, and is vulnerable to motion-induced dose deterioration. We have investigated a method to treat superficial moving tumors in the lung by the development of an applicator compatible with the RGPT system. A mini-ridge filter (MRF) was developed to broaden the pristine Bragg-peak and, accordingly, decrease the number of required energy layers to obtain homogeneous irradiation. The applicator position was designed so that the fiducial marker's trajectory can be monitored by fluoroscopy during proton beam-delivery. The treatment plans for three lung cancer patients were made using the applicator, and four-dimensional (4D) dose calculations for the RGPT were performed using patient respiratory motion data. The effect of the MRF on the dose distributions and treatment time was evaluated. With the MRF, the number of energy layers was decreased to less than half of that needed without it, whereas the target volume coverage values (D99%, D95%, D50%, D2%) changed by less than 1% of the prescribed dose. Almost no dose distortion was observed after the 4D dose calculation, whereas the treatment time decreased by 26%-37%. Therefore, we conclude that the developed applicator compatible with RGPT is useful to solve the issue in the treatment of superficial moving tumors with SSPT.
The role of complement C3 opsonization, C5a receptor, and CD14 inE. coli-induced up-regulation of granulocyte and monocyte CD11b/CD18 (CR3), phagocytosis, and oxidative burst in human whole blood (2007)

The relative role of complement and CD14 in Escherichia coli-induced leukocyte CD11b up-regulation, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst in human whole blood was examined. The highly specific thrombin inhibitor lepirudin was used as anticoagulant, as it does not affect complement activation. Complement inhibition at the level of C3 (anti-C2 and anti-factor D) and C5 (C5a receptor antagonist and anti-C5/C5a) efficiently inhibited CD11b up-regulation, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst in granulocytes. Monocyte activation was generally less complement-dependent, but when C3 activation was blocked, a pronounced inhibition of phagocytosis and oxidative burst was obtained. Only the combination of anti-C2 and antifactor D blocked E. coli C3 opsonization completely. Whole E. coli, disrupted E. coli, and the C3-convertase activator cobra venom factor up-regulated CD11b rapidly on both cell types, proportional to their complement activation potential in the fluid phase. In comparison, purified LPS at concentrations comparable with that present in the E. coli preparations did not activate complement. Oxidative burst was induced only by whole bacteria. Finally, the combination of complement inhibition and anti-CD14 completely blocked E. coli-induced granulocyte and monocyte CD11b up-regulation and quantitatively, virtually abolished phagocytosis. The results indicate that complement and CD14, despite differential effects on granulocytes and monocytes, are the two crucial, quantitative factors responsible for E. coli-induced CD11b, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst in both cell types.
Proving in Zero-Knowledge that a Number is the Product of Two Safe Primes (1998)

&lt;p&gt;This paper presents the first efficient statistical zero-knowledge protocols to prove statements such as:&lt;br /&gt;A committed number is a pseudo-prime.&lt;br /&gt;A committed (or revealed) number is the product of two safe primes, i.e., primes p and q such that (p - 1)=2 and (q - 1)=2 are primes as well.&lt;br /&gt;A given value is of large order modulo a composite number that consists of two safe prime factors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So far, no methods other than inefficient circuit-based proofs are known for proving such properties. Proving the second property is for instance necessary in many recent cryptographic schemes that rely on both the hardness of computing discrete logarithms and of difficulty computing roots modulo a composite.&lt;br /&gt;The main building blocks of our protocols are statistical zero-knowledge proofs that are of independent interest. Mainly, we show how to prove the correct computation of a modular addition, a modular multiplication, or a modular exponentiation, where all values including the modulus are committed but not&lt;br /&gt;publicly known. Apart from the validity of the computation, no other information about the modulus (e.g., a generator which order equals the modulus) or any other operand is given. Our technique can be generalized to prove in zeroknowledge&lt;br /&gt;that any multivariate polynomial equation modulo a certain modulus is satisfied, where only commitments to the variables of the polynomial and a commitment to the modulus must be known. This improves previous results,&lt;br /&gt;where the modulus is publicly known.&lt;br /&gt;We show how a prover can use these building blocks to convince a verifier that a committed number is prime. This finally leads to efficient protocols for proving that a committed (or revealed) number is the product of two safe primes. As a consequence, it can be shown that a given value is of large order modulo a&lt;br /&gt;given number that is a product of two safe primes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keywords. RSA-based protocols, zero-knowledge proofs of knowledge, primality tests.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Nucleophilic Catalysis During Alkaline Hydrolysis of Nonenolizable β‐Keto Esters. (1987)

Abstract Kinetic and 18O‐labeling studies indicate that the title reaction, i.e. the hydrolysis of (I) at pH 10‐13.3 in MeCN/H2O, proceeds via an intermediate β‐lactone (II), with the carbonyl hydrate of (I) acting as a nucleophilic catalyst.
Structure of diblock copolymers in supercritical carbon dioxide and critical micellization pressure (2000)

This paper reports a small angle neutron scattering investigation of micelle formation by fluorocarbon-hydrocarbon block copolymers in supercritical CO2(sc-CO2) at 65 degrees C. A sharp unimer-micelle transition is obtained due to the tuning of the solvating ability of sc-CO2 by profiling pressure, so that the block copolymer, in a semidilute solution, finds sc-CO2 a good solvent at high pressure and a poor solvent at low pressure. At high pressure the copolymer is in a monomeric state with a random coil structure. However, on lowering the pressure, aggregates are formed with a structure similar to aqueous micelles with the hydrocarbon segments forming the core and the fluorocarbon segments forming the corona of the micelle. This unimer-aggregate transition is driven by the gradual elimination of CO2 molecules solvating the hydrocarbon segments of the polymer. Comparison of these results with related data on the same polymer at different temperatures indicates that the transition is critically related to the density of the solvent. This suggests the definition of a critical micellization density, to our knowledge a new concept in colloid chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Single‐Crystal Structure, and Optical Absorption of Rb2Th7Se15. (2013)

Abstract The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of Th, Se, and Rb 2 Se 3 in the presence of Ge (evacuated silica tube, 1273 K, 99 h, 5 wt.% yield).
Ca2+as an Air Impurity in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (2014)

Cationic contamination is known to cause performance degradation and reduced lifetime in polymer electrolyte based electrochemical systems. Calcium is an important cationic impurity due to its prevalence in roadside particulates and as an airborne contaminant. The role of calcium ion (Ca2+) is investigated in-situ by injecting a solution of calcium sulfate (CaSO4) in deionized (DI) water into the cathode of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell through a nebulizer. Stability tests are conducted to determine the effects at various current densities with various Ca2+ concentrations. It is found that 5 parts per million (ppm, molar ratio) eq. Ca2+ in air is sufficient to lead to high cell performance loss at 1 A/cm2 as well as severe membrane degradation. Precipitation of CaSO4 is found at the contact regions between the gas diffusion layers (GDL) and bipolar plates of the cathode at all test conditions. The amount of precipitation becomes sufficient to cause mass transport issues.