gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wavelength and angular dependence of light scattering from beryllium: comparison of theory and experiment (1993)

The purpose of this study was (1) to measure angle-resolved scattering (ARS) and the wavelength dependence of scattering from polished and sputtered beryllium, (2) to measure surface-roughness parameters by profilometry, (3) to calculate the power spectral density (PSD) of the surface roughness and use it with ARS theory to compare with ARS measurements, and (4) to investigate a dual-source scattering theory and compare calculations from the theory with measured ARS. The wavelengths considered here were 0.633, 1.06, and 10.6 µm, the angle of incidence was 60°, and s and p polarization of the incident and scattered radiation were taken into account both in the theory and in the experiments.Two types of theoretical comparison were attempted. First, two-dimensional PSD functions were calculated from one-dimensional, mechanical-stylus-profile data, and these data were used in first-order roughness ARS theory to compare with ARS measurements. The calculated ARS curves were much too low at some wavelengths and showe incorrect wavelength scaling. Second, a dual-source (surfaceroughness and dielectric inhomogeneity) ARS theory was used. In this model the surface-roughness PSD functions calculated from surface-profile data were used, and reasonable values for parameters characterizing the dielectric inhomogeneities were used in an analytic PSD function. This dual-source ARS theory can predict a significantly different angle and wavelength dependence of ARS than that predicted by roughness-only ARS theory. In contrast to ARS predicted by surface roughness alone, it was found that the dual-source theory was able to provide good agreement with measured ARS in angular and wavelength dependence. It is concluded that, for the two beryllium samples studied here, scattering caused by spatial variations in the near-surface dielectric response (variations in reflectance) is a significant and sometimes dominant source of scattering, especially at a 10.6-µim wavelength.
CLASSIFICATION OF BURSTING MAPPINGS (2004)

When a system's activity alternates between a resting state (e.g. a stable equilibrium) and an active state (e.g. a stable periodic orbit), the system is said to exhibit bursting behavior. We use bifurcation theory to identify three distinct topological types of bursting in one-dimensional mappings and 20 topological types in two-dimensional mappings having one fast and one slow variable. We show that different bursters can interact, synchronize, and process information differently. Our study suggests that bursting mappings do not occur only in a few isolated examples, rather they are robust nonlinear phenomena.
Spatiotemporal quantification of therapeutically relevant cavitation for ablation and drug delivery by ultrasound (2012)

Stable and inertial cavitation have been shown to play a key role in several therapeutic ultrasound applications, ranging from non-invasive ablation to drug delivery. In order to achieve meaningful quantification of therapeutically relevant cavitation, a hypothesis as to the underlying mechanism by which bubbles enhance energy delivery and momentum transfer to their surroundings must first be formulated. Based on this hypothesis, correlations can be sought between time-based or frequency-based metrics of a relevant cavitation 'dose' and the desirable associated bioeffects, enabling the establishment of thresholds for therapeutically relevant processes to occur. However, the problem is complicated further by the fact that a single type of cavitation activity rarely occurs throughout an ultrasound exposure, or throughout the acoustic field of a therapeutic transducer. A recently developed method, known as passive acoustic mapping, makes it possible to obtain real-time maps of inertial and stable cavitation activity and could thus enable improved dosimetry of therapeutically relevant cavitational processes. The use of passive acoustic mapping for spatiotemporal classification and quantification of cavitation will be illustrated in the context of HIFU ablation, drug release from thermosensitive liposomes and drug delivery.
Construction and characterization of type II collagen complementary deoxyribonucleic acid dones (1983)

The mRNA for type II collagen was purified from embryonic chick sternum or from purified sternal chondrocytes with guanidine thiocyanate as the extractant. Double-stranded cDNAs to procollagen mRNAs from sternum were synthesized and dC-tailed. After annealing with PstI-cleaved, dG-tailed pBR322, this DNA was used to transform Escherichia coli X1776. Transformed colonies were screened by colony hybridization to type I and II collagen cDNAs. Clones that preferentially hybridized to type II cDNA were characterized further. Four such cDNA clones, pCgII-2, 3, 10 and 12, with inserts of 400, 320, 260 and 750 bp, have been identified as type II collagen cDNA clones by several criteria, including their preference for hybridizing with type II rather than type I collagen mRNAs in hybrid-selected translation experiments.
Spontaneous Emission Coupling to the Lasing Mode in a Fabry-Perot Microcavity with High Contrast AlxOy/GaAs Bragg Reflectors (1995)

There has been recent interest in studies of the influence of controlled spontaneous emission on the operating characteristics of lasers and light emitting diodes. Most cavity designs used in such work can be distinguished as either planar and of the Fabry-Perot type, or as possessing additional confinement in the lateral direction. For both cavity types the mirror design based on distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) plays an important role. Since the actual cavity length is set by light penetration into the mirrors, both the cavity length and the mirror reflectivity are set by the DBR design, which in turn sets the lateral mode profile for the planar cavity. In this talk we will present data characterizing the operation of a Fabry-Perot microcavity laser fabricated using high contrast DBRs of Al x O y /GaAs. The mirrors are formed by the selective conversion of AlAs into Al x O y using "wet oxidation" [1], resulting in the laser structure as illustrated in Fig.1. Four Al x O y /GaAs pairs are used on both the top and bottom (substrate) sides to form the laser cavity. In the actual laser cavity the oxidized mesa as illustrated in Fig.1 is 100μm in diameter while the lasing mode area is less than 10μm, so that the laser cavity is in fact planar. The resulting lasing characteristics of this cavity with high contrast DBRs are compared with those of a similar planar cavity design which uses the more typical AlAs/GaAs Bragg reflectors. For this second laser the upper reflector consists of sixteen pairs of AlAs/GaAs while the lower reflector (substrate side) consists of twenty-four pairs of AlAs/GaAs.
SUN-917 Aggressive De Novo MEN1 Variant in a Child with Metastatic Pancreatic Acth and Crh Co-Secreting Neuroendocrine Tumor: Diagnosis and 10-Year Follow Up (2020)

Abstract Background: In Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) only about 2% of pituitary adenomas are ACTH-secreting. Cushing Syndrome due to ectopic ACTH or CRH secretion from neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), carcinoid tumors, or pheochromocytomas is very rare, though patients with MEN1 are at increased risk for these three types of tumors, as well as autonomous adrenal secretion of cortisol. The 10-year follow up of a previously-reported case of a child with MEN1 and metastatic pancreatic ACTH/CRH-secreting NET is presented. Clinical Case: A previously-reported (J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2015) now 21 yo female presented to the National Institutes of Health (NIH) at 11 yo with persistent hypercortisolemia despite transsphenoidal surgery for suspected Cushing Disease. However, the resected tissue revealed pituitary hyperplasia, and she remained hypercortisolemic. A CRH test was consistent with an ectopic source, and abdominal CT, PET scan, and Octreotide scan revealed a mass in the pancreatic tail. The patient underwent partial pancreatectomy at 11 yo with the resected tissue staining positive for ACTH and CRH. However, she remained hypercortisolemic, so bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. At 12 yo metastases were found, so Octreotide therapy was initiated. She continued to have elevated ACTH levels &amp;gt; 1000 pg/mL (5-46). Additionally, a pituitary adenoma was noted at 12 yo, which has since increased in size. The patient also developed mild primary hyperparathyroidism, first noted at 19 yo. Sequencing of MEN1 for the patient and her parents revealed a de novo heterozygous c.1546dupC variant, consistent with sporadic MEN1. The patient also had a chromosome 8p23.2 duplication that was present in unaffected relatives. Conclusion: While 2% of patients with MEN1 may develop Cushing Syndrome due to an ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma, it is also important to consider ectopic secretion of ACTH/CRH from MEN1-associated NETs, carcinoid tumors, or pheochromocytomas, as well as autonomous adrenal secretion of cortisol. Given the early age and severe presentation of MEN1 features in this patient, the c.1546dupC heterozygous variant of MEN1, which has been previously reported in multiple other cases of MEN1, may represent a higher-risk causative variant of MEN1. Alternatively, expression of this variant may have been affected by the concurrent presence of an otherwise apparently benign chromosomal variant. References: A. Karageorgiadis, G. Papadakis, J. Biro, M. Keil, C. Lyssikatos, M. Quezado, M. Merino, D. Schrump, E. Kebebew, N. Patronas, M. Hunter, M. Alwazeer, L. Karaviti, A. Balazs, M. Lodish, and C. Stratakis. Ectopic Adrenocorticotropic Hormone and Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Co-Secreting Tumors in Children and Adolescents Causing Cushing Syndrome: A Diagnostic Dilemma and How to Solve It. Clin Endocrinol Metab, January 2015, 100(1):141–148
Role of Interstitial Voids in Oxides on Formation and Stabilization of Reactive Radicals:  Interstitial HO2 Radicals in F2-Laser-Irradiated Amorphous SiO2 (2006)

A procedure to produce stable hydroperoxy radicals (HO*2) in bulk amorphous SiO(2) (a-SiO(2)) has been developed. Oxygen molecules incorporated in the interstitial voids in a-SiO(2) react with mobile hydrogen atoms (H(0)) generated by the photolysis of silanol (SiOH) groups with F(2)-laser light (lambda = 157 nm, hnu = 7.9 eV), resulting in the efficient creation of interstitial HO*2. The high yield of HO*2 suggests that the collisions of the reaction intermediate with the void wall play an important role in dissipating the excess energy of the intermediate instead of the triple collision observed in the gas phase reaction. The resultant HO*2 is thermally stable up to 100 degrees C.
IMS Vertical Handover Optimization Based on Network Resources (2009)

Transition to convergent systems built over the IMS architecture should attempt to service availability and mobility requirements in heterogeneous technologies. Mobility solution on IMS should allow operators delivering network resources related to handoff policies beyond triggering only by power strength as done so far. This paper reviews emerging heterogeneous access networks and their integration, discussing relevant metrics to mobility which indicates resource availability in a way to support vertical handover decision in networks deployed over IMS. The selected architecture is under evaluation in a simulation environment. The results are used to build up an analysis of the solution and drown up some conclusions.
Confined space design by nanoparticle self-assembly (2020)

Nanoparticle (NP) self-assembly has led to the fabrication of an array of functional nanoscale systems, having diverse architectures and functionalities. In this perspective, we discuss the design and application of NP suprastructures (SPs) characterized by nanoconfined compartments in their self-assembled framework, providing an overview about SP synthetic strategies reported to date and the role of their confined nanocavities in applications in several high-end fields. We also set to give our contribution towards the formation of more advanced nanocompartmentalized SPs able to work in dynamic manners, discussing the opportunities of further advances in NP self-assembly and SP research.
Sensitivity enhancement in SiGe-on-insulator nanowire biosensor fabricated by top surface passivation (2012)

The oxidation caused by Ge condensation increases the Ge fraction in a SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) and significantly increases the hole mobility. This effect can be exploited to improve the sensitivity of SGOI nanowires. However, previous studies have found that the sensitivity of SGOI nanowires degrades when the Ge fraction exceeds 20%, because a high Ge fraction destabilises the surface state of SiGe. In this work, a top surface passivation plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition SiO2 layer deposited on a Si0.8Ge0.2 nanowire improved its sensitivity by ∼1.3 times that of the nanowire sample without a top passivation layer.
A Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit Sub strate-Induced Drain-Lae Phenome 'S (1996)

A large-signal HJFET model is developed for drain- lag phenomena caused by deep traps beneath the channel. The model is based on the self-backgating and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) statistics. It is shown by two-dimensional (2D) device simulation that electron capture in deep traps is much faster than electron emission under large-signal conditions; therefore, drain current exhibits different responses for rising and falling steps of applied voltage. In the circuit model, electron capture and emission in deep traps are expressed by a parallel circuit consisting of a diode and a resistor, which are physically deduced from SRH statistics. The model agrees well with the 2D simulation results and experimental current-transient data for large-signal voltage steps. In addition, this model accurately describes small- signal drain-conductance dispersion and temperature effects on the trapping phenomena.
A deep learning based strategy for identifying and associating mitotic activity with gene expression derived risk categories in estrogen receptor positive breast cancers (2017)

The treatment and management of early stage estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer is hindered by the difficulty in identifying patients who require adjuvant chemotherapy in contrast to those that will respond to hormonal therapy. To distinguish between the more and less aggressive breast tumors, which is a fundamental criterion for the selection of an appropriate treatment plan, Oncotype DX (ODX) and other gene expression tests are typically employed. While informative, these gene expression tests are expensive, tissue destructive, and require specialized facilities. Bloom-Richardson (BR) grade, the common scheme employed in breast cancer grading, has been shown to be correlated with the Oncotype DX risk score. Unfortunately, studies have also shown that the BR grade determined experiences notable inter-observer variability. One of the constituent categories in BR grading is the mitotic index. The goal of this study was to develop a deep learning (DL) classifier to identify mitotic figures from whole slides images of ER+ breast cancer, the hypothesis being that the number of mitoses identified by the DL classifier would correlate with the corresponding Oncotype DX risk categories. The mitosis detector yielded an average F-score of 0.556 in the AMIDA mitosis dataset using a 6-fold validation setup. For a cohort of 174 whole slide images with early stage ER+ breast cancer for which the corresponding Oncotype DX score was available, the distributions of the number of mitoses identified by the DL classifier was found to be significantly different between the high vs low Oncotype DX risk groups (P < 0.01). Comparisons of other risk groups, using both ODX score and histological grade, were also found to present significantly different automated mitoses distributions. Additionally, a support vector machine classifier trained to separate low/high Oncotype DX risk categories using the mitotic count determined by the DL classifier yielded a 83.19% classification accuracy. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Retroviral Scanning: Mapping MLV Integration Sites to Define Cell-specific Regulatory Regions (2017)

Retroviral Scanning Mapping Mlv Integration Sites To Define Cell-specific Regulatory Regions - Video. JoVE publishes peer-reviewed scientific video protocols to accelerate biological, medical, chemical and physical research. Watch our scientific video articles. JoVE is the world-leading producer and provider of science videos with the mission to improve scientific research, scientific journals, and education. Millions of scientists, educators and students at thousands of universities, colleges, hospitals and biopharmaceutical companies worldwide use JoVE for their research, teaching and learning.
Positively charged surface potential of polymer films after excimer laser ablation: Application to selective-area electroless plating on the ablated films (1992)

Pulsed laser ablation of poly(ethylene terephthalate), polyimide, and polyethersulfone films has been investigated by surface potential analysis on the ablated films. After irradiation with XeCl or KrF excimer laser in air, the surface potential of these films changed to a positive potential mainly due to the redeposition of cationic fragments onto the ablated area. On the basis of the potential analysis, the electroless plating (chemical plating) of copper or nickel was carried out selectively on the ablated surface of these films, through a surface activation process using a negatively charged colloid.
Fluid Management in Septic Acute Kidney Injury and Cardiorenal Syndromes (2010)

Intravenous fluids are commonly administered to patients with developing septic acute kidney injury (AKI). Conversely, fluids are just as commonly removed with diuretics or renal replacement therapy (RRT) techniques or ultrafiltration in patients with cardiorenal syndromes (CRS). In both groups, there is controversy regarding fluid management. However, in patients with septic AKI, the deleterious consequences of overzealous fluid therapy are increasingly being recognized, while concerns exist both about the possible adverse effects of excessive and/or insufficient fluid removal with diuretics or ultrafiltration in CRS. In this article, we discuss how interstitial edema can further delay renal recovery and why conservative fluid strategies are now being advocated in septic AKI. In patients with septic AKI, this strategy might require RRT to be given earlier to assist with fluid removal. However, in patients with either septic AKI or CRS, hypovolemia and renal hypoperfusion can occur if excessive fluid removal is pursued with diuretics or extracorporeal therapy. Thus, accurate assessment of fluid status and careful definition of targets are needed to improve clinical outcomes. Controlled studies of conservative versus liberal fluid management in patients with AKI or CRS seem justified.
Detection of disease using lanthanide chelates as exogenous contrast enhancement markers and quantitative fluorescence endoscopy (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. Site-directed exogenous chemical markers used with fluorescence endoscopy have the potential for improving the detection and diagnosis of disease. We illustrate how minimally invasive imaging, using lanthanide chelates, can provide 80% sensitivity and 95% specificity for detection of cancerous lesions in the colon.
Acyclic stereocontrol in catalyzed intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclizations of 4-methyl-2,8,10-undecatrienals (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcyclic stereocontrol in catalyzed intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclizations of 4-methyl-2,8,10-undecatrienalsJames A. Marshall, James E. Audia, and Jonathan GroteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 7, 1155–1157Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00357a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00357a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Combining Chemical Labeling, Bottom-Up and Top-Down Ion-Mobility Mass Spectrometry To Identify Metal-Binding Sites of Partially Metalated Metallothionein (2013)

Metalation and demetalation of human metallothionein-2A (MT) with Cd(2+) is investigated by using chemical labeling and "bottom-up" and "top-down" proteomics approaches. Both metalation and demetalation of MT-2A by Cd(2+) are shown to be domain specific and occur as two distinct processes. Metalation involves sequential addition of Cd(2+) to the α-domain resulting in formation of an intermediate, Cd4MT. Chemical labeling with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and tandem mass spectrometry experiments clearly show that the four metal ions are located in the α-domain. In the presence of excess Cd(2+), the Cd4MT intermediate reacts to add Cd(2+) to the β-domain to yield the fully metalated Cd7MT. Demetalation occurs in the reverse order, i.e., Cd(2+) is removed (by EDTA) first from the β-domain followed by Cd(2+) removal from the α-domain. Metalation of human MT-2A is shown to be metal ion specific by comparing relative metal ion binding constants for Cd(2+) and Zn(2+).
Cell Therapy Ahead for Parkinson's Disease (2009)

The News Focus story "Fetal cells again?" (C. Holden, 16 October, p. 358) indicates that fetal cell transplants for Parkinson's disease patients fell out of favor after control studies suggested that placebo effects may have accounted for positive results. However, there were no proven placebo effects in previous clinical trials. The reason that new trials are funded in Europe is that previous trials used outdated methods for cell therapy.