gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mikrobielle Regulation von Hexokinase 2 koordiniert mitochondrialen Metabolismus und Zelltod bei akuter Colitis (2020)

Einleitung Hexokinase (HK) katalysiert den ersten Schritt der Glykolyse und ist hierdurch geschwindigkeitslimitierend. HK2 ist in der Mucosa von Colitis Ulcerosa-Patienten verstärkt exprimiert [1]. Zusätzlich zu seiner metabolischen Funktion wurde HK2 als neuartiger Mustererkennungsrezeptor für bakterielles Peptidoglykan identifiziert [2].
Thymol treatment of bacteria prior to matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric analysis aids in identifying certain bacteria at the subspecies level (2014)

The thymol method can identify certain bacteria at the sub-species level and yield reproducible results over time. It improves the quality of spectra by increasing the number of peaks when compared to the other sample preparation methods assessed in this study. Published in 2014. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Tunable plasmonic luminescence in reconfigurable metamaterials (2013)

We show that new intense luminescence lines associated with transitions from collective plasmonic states below the Fermi level can be artificially created by metamaterial nanostructuring of plasmonic metals and tuned by nanoscale reconfiguration of metamaterial. &lt;br/&gt; We report on the experimental demonstration of a new radiation phenomenon on the nanoscale and its engineering into a reconfigurable metadevice: luminescence emission lines within the Fermi sea can be created by nanopatterning metal surfaces and controlled by external electrical inputs.&lt;br/&gt; Luminescence emission lines are associated with the decay of plasmonic excitation and are spectrally linked to the plasmonic absorption lines. Wavelength, polarization and intensity of metallic luminescence can be flexibly and independently adjusted by tweaking the geometric parameters of the metamaterial design similar to the way nanostructuring helps engineering semiconductor multiple quantum well and quantum dot luminescence.
Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) regulates postischemic blood flow during acute kidney injury in mice (2014)

It has come to our attention that multiple gel images in Figure
Personality and intrinsic motivational factors in end-user programming (2015)

We explore the factors that determine whether individuals are likely to experience intrinsic motivation in end-user programming (EUP). We report two experiments: one that tests whether there are reliable psychometric constructs that describe different aspects of intrinsic motivation, and one that tests whether these constructs are successful in predicting individuals' own self-reported intrinsic motivation after using a popular EUP product. We conclude that there are identifiable and distinct motivational factors in EUP, and that these are associated with particular psychometric personality traits. We offer several suggestions for future research that could apply these findings to improve uptake and quality of user experience for educational and general-purpose EUP applications.
DWTT Properties For High Strength Line Pipe Steels (2008)

High strength line pipe steels needs to have good crack arrestability to arrest cracks in the pipe body even if brittle fracture occurs at welds, or running ductile fractures occur in the pipe body. The drop weight tear test (DWTT) is one of the major test methods to evaluate crack arrestability of brittle and running ductile fractures. In order to obtain a good DWTT shear area for high strength line pipe steels, it is important to clarify the conditions of brittle fracture occurrence because the shear area decreased remarkably once brittle fracture occurs. In this study, the conditions of brittle fracture occurrence such as slant fracture for high strength line pipe steels were investigated. Separation was formed when a ferrite and bainite dual-phase microstructure was formed. Slant fracture was formed when a bainite single phase was formed. The suppression of slant fracture and remarkable separation is important for improving DWTT properties. Excellent DWTT properties were obtained for X100 line pipe steel with respective thicknesses of 19 mm, 16 mm and 14 mm.
Partitioning of laser energy during directed energy deposition (2017)

An energy balance that describes the transfer of energy is proposed for the laser-based directed energy deposition process. The partitioning of laser energy was experimentally measured and accurately validated using a special process calorimeter for Ti-6Al-4V and Inconel 625™ alloys. The total energy provided by the laser was partitioned as: the energy directly absorbed by the substrate, the energy absorbed by the powder stream and deposited onto the substrate, the energy reflected from the substrate surface, and the energy reflected or absorbed and lost from the powder stream. Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V showed higher overall or bulk absorption than the Inconel 625™ alloy. Processing with powder resulted in lower laser energy absorption within the substrate than without powder, due to the “shadowing” effect of the powder stream within the beam and loss of energy representing unfused powder. During processing at a laser power of approximately 1 kW the total energy absorbed during the deposition process was found to be 42% for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and 37% for the Inconel 625™ alloy. Under these conditions 14% of the total energy was lost by the Ti-6Al-4V unfused powder; whereas only 11% was lost by the Inconel 625™ powder.
Cost effective spectral sensor solutions for hand held and field applications (2015)

Optical spectroscopy is without doubt one of the most important non-contact measurement principles. It is used in a wide range of applications from bio-medical to industrial fields. One recent trend is to miniaturize spectral sensors to address new areas of application. The most common spectral sensor type is based on diffraction gratings, while other types are based on micro mechanical systems (MEMS) or filter technologies. The authors represent the opinion that there is a potentially wide spread field of applications for spectrometers, but the market limits the range of applications since they cannot keep up with targeted cost requirements for consumer products. The present article explains an alternative approach for miniature multichannel spectrometer to enhance robustness for hand held field applications at a cost efficient price point.
Assessment of Air Bag Deployment Loads (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A study of air bag deployments has indicated that some occupant injury was “unexpected” and might have been related to loading by the inflating bag. Laboratory studies have found “high” loads on surrogates when they are out of a normal seating position and in the path and against an inflating air bag (out-of-position). The current study evaluated laboratory methods for assessing the significance of deployment loads and the interaction mechanics for the situation of an occupant located near or against a steering wheel mounted air bag. Analysis of the field relevance of the results must consider not only factors relating to the assessment of injury risk, but also exposure frequency.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The highest responses for the head, neck, or torso were with that body region aligned with and against the air bag module. The risk of severe injury was low for the head and neck, but high when the torso was against and fully covering the air bag module. Torso injury was related to swelling of the module before bag break-out from the module. Reducing inflator output provided only minimal reduction in torso injury risk. Providing pressure relief by an alternate bag break-out path or preventing full coverage of the module reduced the severity of torso loads.&lt;/div&gt;
[Reversing effect of brassinolide on multidrug resistance of-CCRF-VCR1000 cells and a preliminary investigation on its mechanisms]. (2005)

Brassinolide could effectively reverse the resistance of CCRF-VCR cells by inhibiting the effusion of drug transported by P-glucoprotein. To down regulate the abnormal expression of p53 maybe one of the mechanisms of reversing MDR for brassinolide.
Nanoscale chemical composition mapping of polymers at 100nm spatial resolution with AFM-based IR spectroscopy (2012)

Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and infrared (IR) spectroscopy have been combined in a single instrument capable of producing sub-micron spatial resolution IR spectra and images. This new capability enables the sprectroscopic characterization of microdomain-forming polymers at levels not previously possible. Films of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyheanoate) were solution cast on ZnSe prisms. Dramitic differences in the IR spectra are observed in the 1200-1300 cm<sup>-1</sup> range as a funstion of position on a spatial scale of less than one micron. This spectral region is particularly sensitive to the polymer crystallinity, enabling the identification of crystalline and amorphous domains within a single spherulite of this polymer.
PERFORMANCE AND PASSING RATE DIFFERENCES OF AFRICAN AMERICAN AND WHITE PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS ON PRAXISTM EXAMINATIONS: A JOINT PROJECT OF THE NATIONAL EDUCATION ASSOCIATION (NEA) AND EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE (ETS) (2011)

ABSTRACT This report focuses on two aspects of teacher supply and quality: (a) the under‐representation of racial/ethnic minorities, especially African Americans in the teaching pool, and (b) teacher candidates' performance on licensure assessments, including general skills tests in reading, writing, and mathematics (known as Praxis I ® ) and selected tests covering areas of content and pedagogy (known as Praxis II ® ). The report presents trends in the overall and minority teaching workforce, utilizes some of the available Praxis TM program data, combined with interviews of faculty and students involved in college and university teacher preparation programs, to address supply, achievement, and performance gaps between prospective minority and White teachers. African American candidates are the focal group in this report, in order to gauge the effect that Praxis has on the supply of prospective African American teachers and to generate ideas for closing gaps. Other minority Praxis test‐taking populations in the selected states are not included because these are not large enough to produce sufficient data from which to make valid inferences. The research was collaboratively planned and guided by National Education Association and Educational Testing Service to use Praxis data for addressing the following questions: (a) What are the trends in minority representation among teacher candidates, (b) What are the differences between majority and minority candidates' performance on both Praxis I and Praxis II, (c) Are the performance differences reflected in the state licensing pass rates of majority and minority candidates, and (d) What factors should be targeted to reduce racial/ethnic group performance differences on Praxis I and Praxis II.
Comprehensive Cell Surface Antigen Analysis Identifies Transferrin Receptor Protein-1 (CD71) as a Negative Selection Marker for Human Neuronal Cells (2019)

Cell state-, developmental stage-, and lineage-specific combinatorial expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) molecules enables the identification of cellular subsets via multicolor flow cytometry. We describe an exhaustive characterization of neural cell types by surface antigens, exploiting human pluripotent stem cell-derived neural cell systems. Using multiwell screening approaches followed by detailed validation of expression patterns and dynamics, we exemplify a strategy for resolving cellular heterogeneity in stem cell paradigms. In addition to providing a catalog of surface antigens expressed in the neural lineage, we identified the transferrin receptor-1 (CD71) to be differentially expressed in neural stem cells and differentiated neurons. In this context, we describe a role for N-Myc proto-oncogene (MYCN) in maintaining CD71 expression in proliferating neural cells. We report that in vitro human stem cell-derived neurons lack CD71 surface expression and that the observed differential expression can be used to identify and enrich CD71<sup>-</sup> neuronal derivatives from heterogeneous cultures. Stem Cells 2019;37:1293-1306.
The continuous oxidation of HMF to FDCA and the immobilisation and stabilisation of periplasmic aldehyde oxidase (PaoABC) (2017)

One-pot multienzyme continuous cascade for the conversion of HMF to FDCA using HRP to activate GOaseM<sub>3-5</sub> in situ.
Enhanced Immunogenicity and Protective Efficacy with the Use of Interleukin-12-Encapsulated Microspheres plus AS01B in Tuberculosis Subunit Vaccination (2006)

Tuberculosis subunit vaccines codelivered with interleukin-12 (IL-12)-encapsulated microspheres (IL-12EM) are designed for a sustained release of IL-12 and could induce strong Th1 immune responses specific to Ag85A and ESAT-6. The adjuvant combination of IL-12EM plus AS01B was a more efficient way to induce a sustained Th1 immunity and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Curie–Weiss-type law for the strain and stress effects on the dielectric response of ferroelectric thin films (2000)

Variations of the dielectric properties of ferroelectric thin films with the misfit strain Sm in the film/substrate system and the associated biaxial stress σ inside the film are analyzed theoretically. Calculations are performed in a mean-field approximation for the dielectric response displayed in a plate-capacitor setup by single crystalline films epitaxially grown on tensile substrates (Sm&amp;gt;0). It is shown that, in the absence of misfit-strain-induced phase transitions, the film dielectric susceptibility η33 obeys the Curie–Weiss-type law η33(Sm)=ε0KS/(Sm−Sm*), η33(σ)=ε0Kσ/(σ−σ*). Theoretical predictions are compared with the measured stress dependence of the dielectric response of polycrystalline Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 films grown on Pt/SiO2/Si. The theory explains the observed dielectric behavior and predicts the existence of in-plane polarization state in this film/substrate system.
Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Carboxylic Acids Using Achiral Alcohols by the Promotion of Benzoic Anhydrides and Tetramisole Derivatives: Production of Chiral Nonsteroidal Anti‐Inflammatory Drugs and Their Esters (2008)

Abstract A variety of optically active carboxylic esters were produced by kinetic resolution of racemic carboxylic acids by using achiral alcohols, benzoic anhydrides, and Birman's tetramisole‐type catalysts. Bis(α‐naphthyl)methanol is a very effective reagent for producing the corresponding esters with high ee values in the presence of 4‐methoxybenzoic anhydride (PMBA) as the coupling reagent by promotion of benzotetramisole derivatives (BTM, α‐Np‐BTM, and β‐Np‐BTM). This protocol directly provides chiral carboxylic esters from free carboxylic acids and achiral alcohols by utilizing a transacylation process to generate the mixed anhydrides from the acid components with benzoic anhydride derivatives in the presence of chiral catalysts.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Regulation of Hepatitis B Virus Replication by the Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Akt Signal Transduction Pathway (2007)

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway is one of the major oncogenic pathways and is activated in many types of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma. It can also be activated by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein. In the present study, we set out to determine the regulatory effects of this pathway on the replication of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Our results demonstrate that the expression of a constitutively active Akt1 profoundly inhibited HBV RNA transcription and consequently reduced HBV DNA replication in HepG2 cells. This suppression of HBV gene transcription was apparently mediated by the activation of mTOR, as it was abolished by the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Moreover, treatment of HBV-expressing HepG2.2.15 cells with inhibitors of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR increased the transcription of 3.5-kb and 2.4-kb viral RNA as well as the replication of HBV DNA. This observation implies that the basal level activation of this pathway in HepG2 cells regulated HBV replication. Consistent with previous reports showing that the HCV NS5A protein could bind to the p85 subunit of PI3K and activate the PI3K-Akt signal transduction pathway, our results showed that expression of this protein could inhibit HBV RNA transcription and reduce HBV DNA replication in HepG2 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that the activation of the PI3K-Akt pathway during liver oncogenesis may be at least partially responsible for the elimination of HBV replication from tumor cells and may also provide an explanation for the observed suppression of HBV replication by HCV coinfection.
Iterators, Schedulers, and Distributed‐memory Parallelism (1996)

In previous work, we demonstrated the advantages of encapsulating query evaluation algorithms as ‘iterators’ for sequential and parallel query evaluation. Unfortunately, those earlier models have a severe drawback with respect to resource allocation in distributed-memory systems. Since threads may be initiated long before they actually perform useful work, thread placement decisions may be suboptimal. In this paper, we briefly review the iterator model and then extend it to support bottom-up, just-in-time activation of appropriate query plan fragments as well as local and global synchronization and communication among sibling threads. Some of the algorithms described here may seem intricate; however, the intricacy is encapsulated entirely in the parallelism or ‘exchange’ iterator, thus freeing developers of data manipulation iterators to focus on the specific algorithms at hand, instead of on mechanisms for parallelism. Moreoever, code fragments extracted from an operational prototype demonstrate the ease with which our suggestions can be implemented. Run-time overhead and performance of our techniques are identical to those of earlier, less extensible techniques for bottom-up activation; the benefits of the presented techniques are their clean design, abstraction, extensibility, and the resulting ease of maintenance and enhancement.
Oxidation catalysis via visible-light water activation of a [Ru(bpy)3]2+ chromophore BSA–metallocorrole couple (2015)

Light induced enantioselective oxidation of an organic molecule with water as the oxygen atom source is demonstrated in a system where chirality is induced by a protein, oxygen atom transfer by a manganese corrole, and photocatalysis by ruthenium complexes.
The activity of 5'-nucleotidase in liver plasma membranes is affected by the increase in bilayer fluidity achieved by anionic drugs but not by cationic drugs. (1982)

The 5'-nucleotidase activity of rat liver plasma membranes could be selectively modulated by the anionic drugs phenobarbital and pentobarbital, whereas the corresponding activity of a Lubrol-solubilized preparations remained unaltered. The perturbation in the outer half of the bilayer induced by phenobarbital, which lead to a depression in the high temperature onset of the lipid phase separation occurring in this half of the bilayer, concomitantly lowered the break temperature in Arrhenius plots of 5'-nucleotidase activity from 28 degrees C to 16 degrees C. The stimulation of the membrane-bound activity achieved by low anionic drug concentrations was attributed to a preferential fluidization of the outer half of the bilayer. Contrarily, the cationic drugs prilocaine and carbocaine, when tested over agent concentrations that dramatically increase the fluidity of the inner half of the bilayer, achieved no selective effects on the membrane-bound enzyme. Prilocaine (10 mM) was previously found to induce a lipid phase separation at 11 degrees C that was attributed to the lipids of the internal (cytosol-facing) half of the bilayer, but had no effect on the onset of the lipid phase separation occurring at 28 degrees C. Since Arrhenius plots of 5'-nucleotidase activity in the presence of 10 mM prilocaine concentrations demonstrated only the single break at 28 degrees C, we suggest that prilocaine is unable to selectively perturb the enzyme because this cationic drug preferentially interacts with the acidic phospholipids residing in the inner half of the bilayer. The activity of the ectoenzyme 5'-nucleotidase in rat liver plasma membranes appears to be regulated by the external half of the bilayer only. These results support the view that independent modulation of he fluidity or chemical constituents of each half of the bilayer can distinctly affect the activity of proteins that are themselves asymmetrically orientated within the bilayer.
An On-Line Access Selection Algorithm for ABC Networks Supporting Elastic Services (2008)

The problem of access selection (AS) for multi-access networks has for long been addressed by both the standardization and research communities. As a result, a number of papers have proposed efficient AS algorithms that can take into account radio resource efficiency, overall capacity and quality of service (QoS) requirements in a multi-service environment. However, only a few works have developed on-line AS algorithms that do not require a priori knowledge of the traffic mix when delay sensitive (e.g. voice) and best effort (data) applications are supported. In this work, we present an online AS algorithm that performs well in a multiaccess network supporting two service classes and specifically takes into account the elastic nature of data applications. We model AS as a binpacking problem and realize that the problem is NP-complete. Therefore, we develop a heuristic algorithm called LessDamage that calculates a damage parameter and uses it as a metric for the allocation strategy. Simulation results show that LessDamage performs better in terms of blocking probability and elastic data throughput than available online binpacking heuristics, independently of the number of the available access technologies.
8.5 A Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator in 14nm CMOS with Package-Embedded Air-Core Inductor Featuring Self-Trimmed, Digitally Controlled Variable On-Time Discontinuous Conduction Mode Operation (2019)

Fully Integrated Voltage Regulators (FIVR) with package-embedded air-core inductors [1] or on-die solenoid inductors with planar magnetic core [2] promise efficient power delivery and fine-grain wide-range DVFS in complex SoCs while providing fast transient response. The FIVR must provide high conversion efficiency across a wide operating range of output voltages and load currents, including light to medium loads, to maximize the overall energy efficiency of the SoC across different power states. Phase shedding and switch scaling have been used for high-frequency FIVR designs with pulse-width modulation (PWM) control in continuous conduction mode (CCM) to maintain high efficiency for large load currents [1–5], and pulse-frequency modulation (PFM) and hysteretic control have been used to achieve high efficiency across light to medium loads [3–5]. In this paper, we present an FIVR in 14nm CMOS with a 2.5nH air-core inductor embedded in an ultrathin coreless package $( 200 \mu m$ thick) (Fig. 8.5.7), featuring self-trimmed, soft-switched and digitally controlled variable ON-time DCM operation up to 70MHz to achieve high conversion efficiencies across light to medium load currents ranging from 5mA to 500mA and wide 0.7-1.2V output voltage range. The FIVR uses a cascoded thin-gate powertrain (Fig. 8.5.1) to support input voltages up to 2Vmax with the cascode bias rail set at $V_{in} /2$ which consumes $\lt/p\gt\lt1$ uA at light load. A small thick-gate device is connected across the inductor to dampen oscillations when the power stage is in a high-impedance state. The output voltage is monitored by a comparator with sub-ns response time which triggers an inductor current pulse when the output drops below the reference voltage. A resistor divider with a feedforward capacitor is used to achieve fast response time.