gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization at Nanodroplet Interfaces in Emulsion Systems: A Soft-Template Strategy for Preparing Porous and Hollow Nanoparticles (2016)

A heterophase method to prepare hollow and/or porous crystalline nanoparticles of metal oxides at room temperature is presented, taking cerium(IV) oxide and γ-iron(III) oxide (i.e., maghemite) as representative cases. The crystallization begins at the oil-water interface in aqueous nanodroplets of the precursor in inverse (water-in-oil) miniemulsion systems, and it may continue toward the inner part of the droplets. A poly(styrene-b-acrylic acid) block copolymer is used as a structuring agent because the ability of the carboxylic groups to bind metal ions improves the inorganic shell formation. A precipitating base is added from the continuous phase, generating hydroxide species at the interface that begin the crystallization. We analyze the effects of the synthetic parameters in terms of colloidal stability and morphology of the resulting materials. In the case of maghemite samples, the prepared dispersions of hollow particles present a distinct magnetofluidic behavior.
Taming the instruction bandwidth of quantum computers via hardware-managed error correction (2017)

A quantum computer consists of quantum bits (qubits) and a control processor that acts as an interface between the programmer and the qubits. As qubits are very sensitive to noise, they rely on continuous error correction to maintain the correct state. Current proposals rely on software-managed error correction and require large instruction bandwidth, which must scale in proportion to the number of qubits. While such a design may be reasonable for small-scale quantum computers, we show that instruction bandwidth tends to become a critical bottleneck for scaling quantum computers.
Ultra‐fast Steady‐State Free Precession Pulse Sequence for Fourier Decomposition Pulmonary MRI (2015)

MRI of the lung with ufSSFP performs better than bSSFP in terms of signal and banding artifacts, and can be used to either increase resolution or overall image quality of FD images.
Formulation, Performance and Sustainability Aspects of Liquid Laundry Detergents (2013)

Abstract In this study, we have investigated the development of liquid laundry detergent formulations over the past 10 years with regard to performance and sustainability profiles. We found that between 2001 and 2011, wash performance has significantly increased while at the same time the surfactant level was substantially reduced, leading to lower Global Warming Potential and improvements in all other relevant lifecycle indicators. One driver is the partial replacement of surfactants with other, more effective ingredients like enzymes that allow for additional performance dimensions and new consumer-relevant benefits. Future surfactant systems that help increase and support the stability and functionality of enzymes will further boost performance at low temperature, improve storage stability and enable more concentrated formulations at competitive costs.
F1: SSD memory subsystem innovation (2009)

Solid-state disks (SSDs) and emerging memories such as fusion memories, PCRAM, FeRAM, and MRAM have enabled innovations in various nano-scale VLSI memory systems for personal computers, multimedia applications, and enterprise servers. The full-day Forum is intended to provide a comprehensive review of various state-of-the-art memory architectures, as well as memory technologies.
A Three-Phase Inductive Power Transfer System for Roadway-Powered Vehicles (2007)

The development of a new three-phase bipolar inductive power transfer system that provides power across the entire width of a roadway surface for automatic guided vehicles and people mover systems is described. A prototype system was constructed to verify the feasibility of the design for a number of moving loads (toy cars). Here, 40 A/phase is supplied at 38.4 kHz to a 13-m-long test track. Flat pickups are used on the underside of each vehicle to couple power from the track to the vehicle. Finite element modeling software was used to design the geometrical position of the track cables and to predict the power output. This design resulted in a considerably wider power delivery zone than possible using a single-phase track layout and has been experimentally verified. Mutual coupling effects between the various track phases require additional compensation to be added to ensure balanced three-phase currents.
Dual Catalytic Systems for Consecutive Isomerization-Hydroformylation Reactions (1999)

Linear aldehydes from internal olefins are obtained by the reaction sequence shown in the figure, namely, isomerization with consecutive hydroformylation, by means of a chelating phosphanophosphite ligand and a dual Rh/Ru catalyst.
Clustering of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma based on serum periostin may be predictive of prognosis (2017)

An effective serum biomarker may improve cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) management. Periostin (PN) has been demonstrated to be associated with aggressive CCA. The current study evaluated PN in blood serum for its diagnostic and prognostic potential in patients with CCA. Sera of 68 patients with CCA were collected prior to treatment, and PN levels were measured using an ELISA. Sera from 50 normal controls, 6 patients with benign liver diseases, 2 with hepatocellular carcinoma and 21 with breast cancer were analyzed. Immunohistochemistry of PN in CCA tissues was also investigated. The data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> test, Kaplan-Meier log rank tests, Cox proportional hazard regression models and Fisher's exact tests. The median serum PN level in patients with CCA was significantly increased compared with that in healthy controls, patients with benign liver diseases and patients with breast cancer (all P<0.05). Using an optimal threshold value of 94 ng/ml PN, the diagnostic values for CCA compared with other conditions demonstrated a sensitivity level of 0.38 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.27-0.51], specificity of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.81-0.96), accuracy of 0.66 (95% CI, 0.58-0.74), positive predictive value of 0.76 (95% CI, 0.59-0.89) and negative predictive value of 0.63 (95% CI, 0.53-0.72) (P<0.001). Furthermore, PN stain in stromal fibroblasts in CCA tissues was associated with serum PN levels (P=0.001), and patients with CCA were classified as low (≤94 ng/ml) or high PN (>94 ng/ml) accordingly. High serum and tissue PN levels were significantly associated with reduced survival rate (P<0.001 and P=0.033, respectively). Serum PN was an independent prognostic factor with a hazard ratio of 3.197 (P=0.001). In conclusion, serum PN may be used to divide patients with intrahepatic CCA into high and low PN groups. Elevated serum PN may be utilized as a marker of poor prognosis in patients with CCA.
Switchless Tunable Bandstop-to-All-Pass Reconfigurable Filter (2012)

The theory of a new type of bandstop-to-all-pass reconfigurable filter is developed in this work. A bandstop filter structure with both source-to-load and inter-resonator coupling is implemented. The synthesis equations are manipulated such that the signals in the filter's resonators and source-to-load transmission line can be made to constructively or destructively interfere at the output port through tuning of the resonant frequency of the filter's resonators. The relationship between resonator quality factor, filter bandwidth, and the all-pass response state is shown for the first time. The theory is proven through fabrication of a bandstop-to-all-pass filter with resonator unloaded quality factors greater than 500. Measured results show that the filter can continuously tune from insertion loss of 2.1 dB in the all-pass state to insertion loss of 69 dB in the bandstop state at the center frequency of the filter. Analog tuning of the attenuation level is also shown. The capability to switch from an all-pass to a variable-attenuation bandstop response enables a spectrally aware system to operate over wide bandwidths when interference levels are low and to dynamically add bandstop responses when interference affects its performance or signal equalization is required.
Role of CYP2C generated metabolites in adenosine‐mediated relaxation using A2A AR−/− mice (2008)

We hypothesize that A2A‐adenosine receptor (A2A AR)‐mediated relaxation is caused by CYP2C generated metabolites whereas, lack of A2A AR promotes contraction via CYP4A in mouse aorta. We measured EETs and DHETs in A2A AR+/+ /A2A AR−/− aorta. DHETs were significantly higher in A2A AR+/+ vs. A2A AR−/− aorta (14,15‐DHET: 1.66±0.25 vs. 0.83±0.17; 11,12‐DHET: 1.39±0.20 vs. 0.84±0.12; 8,9‐DHET: 0.89±0.15 vs. 0.35±0.08 pmol/mg/min p&lt;0.05). No significant differences were observed in EET levels in A2A AR+/+ vs. A2A AR−/− aorta. CYP2C29 was higher in A2A AR+/+ aorta (p&lt;0.05) while CYP4A was higher in A2A AR−/− aorta (p&lt;0.05). CYP2C inhibitor, 1‐ABT (5μM) changed the response to NECA (10‐6M) from relaxation (+33.99±4.70%) to contraction (25.70±4.75%, p&lt;0.05) in A2A AR+/+. Similar results were obtained in A2A AR+/+ to NECA at 10‐6 M with selective CYP2C inhibitor MS‐PPOH (10μM, 22.74±5.11%, p&lt;0.05). 1‐ABT also changed the response of CGS 21680 (10‐6M) from relaxation (+28.44±4.36%) to contraction (18.60±4.66%, p&lt;0.05) in A2A AR+/+. In contrast, no effect was seen in A2A AR−/− with 1‐ABT and MS‐PPOH. MS‐PPOH also caused contraction to CGS 21680 at 10‐6M (−18.54±6.06%, p&lt;0.05) in A2A AR+/+, while 1‐ABT and MS‐PPOH were without an effect in A2A AR−/−. The data show that CYP2C generated metabolites play an important role in A2A AR‐mediated relaxation, whereas, in A2A AR−/−, CYP4A induces contraction. Supported by HL027339, GM31278, NIEHS, NS052315, S10RR023461, S10RR023461 &amp; NS052315.
Front Matter: Volume 8270 (2012)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 8270, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and the Conference Committee listing.
Multiple Order Coded Aperture (MOCA) Spectrometer (2006)

We introduce a Multiple Order Coded Aperture (MOCA) spectrometer that uses a crossdispersive hologram and a coded aperture to achieve improved spectral range over traditional dispersive spectrometers at comparable resolution.
A flagellar-specific ATPase (FliI) is necessary for flagellar export in Helicobacter pylori (2006)

Although flagellar motility is essential for the colonisation of the stomach by Helicobacter pylori, little is known about the regulation of flagellar biosynthesis in this organism. We have identified a gene in H. pylori, designated fliI, whose deduced amino acid sequence revealed extensive homology with the FliI/LcrB/InvC family of proteins which energise the export of flagellar and other virulence factors in several bacterial species. An isogenic mutant of fliI was non-motile and synthesised reduced amounts of flagellin and hook protein subunits. The majority (> 99%) of mutant cells were completely aflagellate. These results suggest that FliI is a novel ATPase involved in flagellar export in H. pylori.
Data-Driven Multiobjective Optimization for Massive MIMO and Hyperdensification Empowered 5G Planning under Realistic Network Environment (2023)

To accommodate the increasing data rate demand, the fifth-generation (5G) cellular network came up with new technological advancements including massive multiple-input multiple-output (massive MIMO) and hyperdensification which can significantly boost network capacity. On the other hand, the introduction of these technologies along with their heterogeneity brings a challenge in terms of network operators’ need to identify a cost-effective optimal deployment approach which is hardly entertained by the legacy planning and optimization method. Hence, to leverage the core benefits of those technologies in a cost-effective manner, we need a holistic planning framework that takes into account their coverage, capacity and cost impact, and realistic spatiotemporal distribution of users. In this work, we present a data-driven multiobjective optimization planning framework that can be used not only for small cells but also for massive MIMO. The planning framework is illustrated using a 5G planning case study for a service area in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, considering its realistic network data that is collected from the network management system and different potential identified deployment options. Ray tracing is employed to compute propagation, and users and demands are distributed based on the realistic network data. A two-stage optimization and a joint optimization are applied to identify points that provide optimal network performance. Simulation results reveal that the planning method provides Pareto points for different deployment options that can significantly improve the performance of the existing network while reducing the total network cost.
Observation of a density-dependent decay rate in trapped sodium (1987)

No summary was available at press time.
Auto-Ignition Quality of Practical Fuels and Implications for Fuel Requirements of Future SI and HCCI Engines (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The auto-ignition or anti-knock quality of a practical fuel is defined by the Octane Index, OI = (1-K)RON + KMON where RON and MON are the Research and Motor Octane numbers and K is a constant depending only on the pressure and temperature variation in the engine. K decreases as the compression temperature in the unburnt gas at a given pressure in the engine decreases and can be negative if this temperature is lower than in the RON test. As spark ignition (SI) engine designers seek higher efficiency knock becomes more likely. Moreover such initiatives - direct injection, higher compression ratios, downsizing and turbocharging - will reduce the unburnt gas temperature for a given pressure and push the value of K downwards. In Europe there is evidence of a monotonic decrease in the average K value from 1987 to 1992. In 37 different Japanese and European cars (34 models) equipped with knock sensors that have been tested K has been found to be negative in most cases. Thus for a given RON, a fuel of &lt;i&gt;lower&lt;/i&gt; MON has &lt;i&gt;higher&lt;/i&gt; OI and will give &lt;i&gt;better&lt;/i&gt; acceleration and higher power in a car equipped with a knock sensor. Such fuels are also the most appropriate for Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines. Current fuel specifications as well as other initiatives like the World Wide Fuels Charter impose restrictions on fuel composition in order to control emissions. However modern engine and catalyst technology is more tolerant of fuel composition than before. Hence such restrictions might not be as important in controlling emissions as they were when they were first proposed especially if other fuel specifications, such as low sulphur, are left in place. Such pressures will force gasolines to become less sensitive and also make it more difficult to attain high RON. This trend is directly opposed to the fuel requirements of future engines. These issues need to be considered jointly by the various stakeholders to align future fuels with the requirements of future engines. The paper is a review of these points.&lt;/div&gt;
Selective targeting of nanomedicine to inflamed cerebral vasculature to enhance the blood–brain barrier (2020)

Drug targeting to inflammatory brain pathologies such as stroke and traumatic brain injury remains an elusive goal. Using a mouse model of acute brain inflammation induced by local tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), we found that uptake of intravenously injected antibody to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (anti-VCAM) in the inflamed brain is >10-fold greater than antibodies to transferrin receptor-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (TfR-1 and ICAM-1). Furthermore, uptake of anti-VCAM/liposomes exceeded that of anti-TfR and anti-ICAM counterparts by ∼27- and ∼8-fold, respectively, achieving brain/blood ratio >300-fold higher than that of immunoglobulin G/liposomes. Single-photon emission computed tomography imaging affirmed specific anti-VCAM/liposome targeting to inflamed brain in mice. Intravital microscopy via cranial window and flow cytometry showed that in the inflamed brain anti-VCAM/liposomes bind to endothelium, not to leukocytes. Anti-VCAM/LNP selectively accumulated in the inflamed brain, providing de novo expression of proteins encoded by cargo messenger RNA (mRNA). Anti-VCAM/LNP-mRNA mediated expression of thrombomodulin (a natural endothelial inhibitor of thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular leakage) and alleviated TNFα-induced brain edema. Thus VCAM-directed nanocarriers provide a platform for cerebrovascular targeting to inflamed brain, with the goal of normalizing the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, thus benefiting numerous brain pathologies.
Gradient Copolymers Through Selective Monomer Depletion (2006)

Bazan and co-workers report a controlled polymerization method to generate block copolymers with gradient compositions using nickel catalysts. The procedure requires both a constant pressure of ethylene and faster initiation rates relative to chain propagation. After initiation, a large percentage of 5-norbornen-2-yl acetate is incorporated, producing a polar, amorphous block. As the polymerization proceeds (and the 5-norbornen-2-yl acetate concentration decreases) ethylene incorporation becomes predominant, giving a non-polar, crystalline block. Consequently, the x/y ratio increases with reaction time and creates a gradient of composition. Not surprisingly, the polymer’s physical properties (e.g., phase separation) depend strongly on chain length and initial concentration of the polar comonomer. For example, a lamellar morphology is observed for polymers with a number average molecular weight around 63 kDa, while lower molecular weight polymers do not phase separate in the solid state.
High rates of albuminuria but not of low eGFR in Urban Indigenous Australians: the DRUID Study (2011)

Given the significant excess of ESKD observed in Indigenous versus non-Indigenous Australians, these findings could suggest either: albuminuria may be a better prognostic marker of kidney disease than low eGFR; that eGFR equations may be inaccurate in the Indigenous population; a less marked differential between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians for ESKD rates in urban compared to remote regions; or that differences in the pathophysiology of chronic kidney disease exist between Indigenous and non-Indigenous populations.
Special event plant sales at public gardens (2025)

Special event plant sales can be considered ubiquitous within the world of public horticulture. Commonly recognized as spring or fall events, special event plant sales can be powerful institutional tools for fundraising, friend-raising, education, public awareness, environmental stewardship, and community engagement. They can provide a unique, tax-free, revenue-generating opportunity for public gardens, and if properly designed, can be used to communicate and connect the public to an institution's mission. Using surveys, this research aimed to establish baseline quantitative data on the metrics of special event plant sales including analysis of trends in gross and net revenues, plant sourcing, selection, location, duration, organization and leadership, and volunteer involvement. Furthermore, qualitative research through case studies and expert interviews, examined successful, novel, and exceptional practices of plant sales. Differing institutional intentions were analyzed, including the limitations of the predominant goal of fundraising, and the widely recognized, but under-embraced goal of community engagement. The perceived institutional value of holding plant sales was also explored, revealing a contradictory culture; there is a recognized importance in holding plant sales, but a lack of cultivation of a staff environment that internalizes this importance. This research led to the development of a set of recommendations for public gardens that will help guide the planning and execution of plant sales, the principles of which have further applications in relevant outreach activities and special events. For example, qualitative and quantitative data revealed the importance of incentivizing plant sales for institutional members; 77% of survey participants reported that their plant sales increased or sustained membership, and many reported large percentages of gross revenues generated on members' only sale days. Encouragingly, 72% of respondents offer some form of presale to members, patrons, or donors of their institutions. However, only 58% of institutions offer discounts for their members, limiting the potential for member attendance beyond the presale. This research also suggested that institutions benefited when they developed sponsorships and partnerships with outside organizations for their plant sales. Despite that, 75% of respondents reported that they do not partner with any other organizations for their plant sales, and 70% reported that they do not have any sponsors for their plant sales. Fundamentally, this research examined the current state of special event plant sales in public gardens and outlines the successful practices of industry leaders. Through institutional alignment and intentionality, plant sales have the potential to be, at best, a profitable, coalescent demonstration of a public garden's mission and values.
Distributed automation for back-feed network power restoration (2009)

Smart Grid refers to electric power systems that enhance grid reliability and efficiency by automatically anticipating and responding to system disturbances. To achieve smart grid at the power distribution system level, various automatic technologies have been attempted in the areas of system metering, protection, and control. Within these technologies, automated power restoration is an important part of the Smart Grid puzzle. This paper presents an on-line method for the automated power restoration application previously described. The developed method conducts an analysis to achieve back-feed power restoration, i.e., healthy load zones that have lost power will be restored through their boundary tie switching devices from neighboring sources, and no reconfiguration beyond the tie devices will be considered. The back-feed restoration should not overload any part of the back-feeding network.
Small biopsies of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancers recapitulate tumoral and stromal heterogeneity (2020)

Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a dismal prognosis with most patients presenting with advanced disease. With molecular subtypes of PDAC gaining clinical relevance, the ability to characterise tumor heterogeneity is of great interest. Single cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing provides the opportunity to understand multistep cancer and stroma progression at high resolution, but it has been deemed unfeasible in small biopsies like core and endoscopic ultrasound-guided find needle aspirations (EUS-FNA) so far.
Virtualizing Disk Performance (2008)

Large- and small-scale storage systems frequently serve a mixture of workloads, an increasing number of which require some form of performance guarantee. Providing guaranteed disk performance - the equivalent of a "virtual disk" - is challenging because disk requests are non-preemptible and their execution times are stateful, partially non-deterministic, and can vary by orders of magnitude. Guaranteeing throughput, the standard measure of disk performance, requires worst-case I/O time assumptions orders of magnitude greater than average I/O times, with correspondingly low performance and poor control of the resource allocation. We show that disk time utilization- analogous to CPU utilization in CPU scheduling and the only fully provisionable aspect of disk performance - yields greater control, more efficient use of disk resources, and better isolation between request streams than bandwidth or I/O rate when used as the basis for disk reservation and scheduling.