gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplexing of variable rate encoded streams (1994)

Discusses the problem of multiplexing several variable rate encoded streams into a single stream. Moreover, in order to facilitate editing of the resulting stream it is required that data generated during the same time interval is multiplexed together. Particular emphasis is placed on controlling encoder rates and combining data in such a way as to avoid overflow and underflow of buffers at encoder and decoder. Applications include satellite or cable transmission of a fixed number of different video channels, multimedia presentations with multiple video streams, and video on demand.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pathogenic Mechanisms Underlying Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2021)

The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) involves a complex interplay of cell types and signaling pathways. Recurrent alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injury may occur in the context of predisposing factors (e.g., genetic, environmental, epigenetic, immunologic, and gerontologic), leading to metabolic dysfunction, senescence, aberrant epithelial cell activation, and dysregulated epithelial repair. The dysregulated epithelial cell interacts with mesenchymal, immune, and endothelial cells via multiple signaling mechanisms to trigger fibroblast and myofibroblast activation. Recent single-cell RNA sequencing studies of IPF lungs support the epithelial injury model. These studies have uncovered a novel type of AEC with characteristics of an aberrant basal cell, which may disrupt normal epithelial repair and propagate a profibrotic phenotype. Here, we review the pathogenesis of IPF in the context of novel bioinformatics tools as strategies to discover pathways of disease, cell-specific mechanisms, and cell-cell interactions that propagate the profibrotic niche.
Synthesis and Application of Polyelectrolyte Brushes (2005)

The synthesis of tethered polyelectrolyte brushes by the use of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) offers a versatile technique with many advantages over traditional free radical polymerization methods. This group has synthesized both homopolymer and diblock copolymer polyelectrolyte brushes using ATRP. The response of these systems to changes in solvent and salt concentration has been investigated, with the degree of response being dependent upon the brush composition. The use of diblock copolymer polyelectrolyte brushes for synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has also been demonstrated.
Extraction of road region using stereo images (2002)

Extracting the road region in an observed image is an important technique for visual navigation of an autonomous vehicle. In this paper, we propose a road extraction method using stereo images. The method does not rely on the existence of any specific road painting or texture. Instead, it supposes that a road (or a passable part) can be approximated by a plane. Then, a homography matrix which represents a geometric relation between the road plane and the stereo images can be computed from the stereo images. And the road region can be extracted in the observed image by transforming one image by the homography matrix and simple matching. In this method, neither a predetermined geometric relation between the cameras and the road nor a strong camera calibration are necessary. Experimental results with real scenes have shown the effectiveness of the proposed method.
A new technique for fabricating three-dimensional micro- and nanostructures of various shapes (2001)

In this paper we show that complex three-dimensional micro- and nanostructure shells can be formed by directional rolling up of thin strained Si/SiGe heterostructures. By lifting strain-designed Si/SiGe films using a sacrificial layer from the substrate and by a proper patterning prior to the etching almost arbitrary-shaped three-dimensional structures can be fabricated. A technique for controlling the shape and location of the structures is proposed and realized. In addition we show that it is possible to obtain cylindrical objects with the axes perpendicular to the substrate surface, and the objects themselves can be located at prescribed places on the substrate.
Adhesive bonding study of amorphous LARC™-TPI (1994)

A novel form of LARC™-TPI has been developed which does not exhibit a crystalline melt as was encountered in earlier fonns of this material. Being amorphous allows the powder to be consolidated at temperatures near its glass transition temperature of 260°C (500°F). Adhesively bonded titanium lap shear specimens were fabricated at temperatures as low as 260°C (500°F). At lower temperatures, the pressures needed to create a well-consolidated bond were high, but as the bonding temperature was increased, the pressure could be decreased. High quality, high strength bonds were prepared at a temperature as low as 280°C (536 °F) with a pressure of only 0.69 MPa (100 psi). At a 350°C (662°F) bonding temperature, only 0.10 MPa (15 psi) was needed to develop very high lap shear strengths.
Receiver IC-set for digital satellite system (1997)

A new digital satellite radio broadcast service has been introduced using the L-band frequencies that are allocated for digital audio broadcasting by the WARC-92 conference. The coverage area includes Africa, and most parts of Asia and South America. This direct to home (DTH) service uses digital QPSK-modulation combined with convolutional and Reed Solomon forward error correction (FEC). The sophisticated MPEG 2.5 layer 3 audio data reduction scheme ensures a high audio signal quality, even at low bit rates. A new chip set has been developed for the demodulation and decoding of the signals transmitted from the geostationary satellites. The chip set has been designed to act as the core element of future radios that will be capable to receive that signal. All required digital and analog parts from the IF-A/D converter to headphone/loudspeaker amplifiers are provided on chip. In spite of tight cost constraints, the design was uncompromising with respect to signal reception and audio signal quality. The high error protection capabilities of the system theoretically predicts possible reception under carrier to noise (C/N) conditions where the classical carrier and timing recovery algorithms fail. For this reason a new fast and robust synchronization algorithm has been developed that ensures reliable radio reception even at a poor C/N ratio of the input signal. Starting with a short overview of the technical parameters of the digital satellite radio system and the basic features of future receivers this paper presents the building blocks and some underlying algorithms of the newly developed chip set.
FACT-V: Universal Access and Quality of Interaction for Automatic Teller Machine (ATM) (2000)

In this paper we showed our ATM named FACT-V to improve universal access and quality of interaction from two viewpoints: (1) input methods for the blind to operate complicated function and (2) ergonomic design of ATM for wheelchair users.
Particle image patternmutual informationand uncertainty estimation for particle image velocimetry (2015)

In this work we introduce a new measure for particle image velocimetry (PIV) cross-correlation quality and establish analytically its connection to the basic PIV theory. This metric, which we term 'mutual information' (MI), can be used to estimate the number of correlated particles and connect to the PIV measurement uncertainty quantification. In PIV the number of particles in common between two consecutive frames forms the basis of the cross-correlation operation that yields the velocity measurement. Since the particle image pattern intensity distribution within each image represents the available signal, the inherent number of common particle pairs between the cross-correlated images, which can be thought of as the amount of mutual information, governs the potential accuracy of the PIV measurement. The number of common particle pairs between the images can be expressed by the product of the image density NI, and the fraction of particles that leave the frame due to in-plane and out-of-plane motion FI and FO, respectively. It has previously been shown that this parameter, NIFIFO, directly relates to the validity of a PIV measurement. However, in real experiments, NIFIFO is unknown and difficult to calculate. Here we propose to overcome this limitation by introducing a new metric (MI), which directly computes the apparent amount of common information contained in the particle patterns of two consecutive images without prior knowledge of the particle field. Both theoretical derivation and experimental results are provided to show that MI and NIFIFO represent the same characteristics of a PIV measurement. Subsequently, MI is used to develop a model for PIV uncertainty estimation. This metric and the corresponding uncertainty model presented herein are applied to both standard and a filtered phase-only (robust phase correlation) correlation methods. These advancements lead to robust uncertainty estimation models, which are tested against both synthetic benchmark data as well as real experimental measurements. For all cases considered here, and uncertainties demonstrated coverage factors approximately equal to the theoretically expected values of 68.5% and 95%, which reflect 1σ and 2σ levels in a normal distribution model respectively.
Observation of top-quark pair production in association with a photon and measurement of thett¯γproduction cross section inppcollisions ats=7TeV using the ATLAS detector (2015)

A search is performed for top-quark pairs (t t) produced together with a photon () with transverse energy greater than 20 GeV using a sample of t t candidate events in final states with jets, missing transverse momentum, and one isolated electron or muon. The data set used corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.59 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. In total, 140 and 222 t t candidate events are observed in the electron and muon channels, to be compared to the expectation of 79 AE 26 and 120 AE 39 non-t t background events, respectively. The production of t t events is observed with a significance of 5.3 standard deviations away from the null hypothesis. The t t production cross section times the branching ratio (BR) of the single-lepton decay channel is measured in a fiducial kinematic region within the ATLAS acceptance. The measured value is fid tt BR 63 AE 8stat 17 -13 syst AE 1lumi fb per lepton flavor, in good agreement with the leadingorder theoretical calculation normalized to the next-to-leading-order theoretical prediction of 48 AE 10 fb.
Toward Intelligent Molecular Machines:  Directed Motions of Biological and Artificial Molecules and Assemblies (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTToward Intelligent Molecular Machines: Directed Motions of Biological and Artificial Molecules and AssembliesKazushi Kinbara and Takuzo AidaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan, and PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2005, 105, 4, 1377–1400Publication Date (Web):March 23, 2005Publication History Received13 September 2004Published online23 March 2005Published inissue 1 April 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030071rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030071rresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views9097Altmetric-Citations789LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Filaments,Genetics,Molecules,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Cellular therapy in bone-tendon interface regeneration (2013)

The intrasynovial bone-tendon interface is a gradual transition from soft tissue to bone, with two intervening zones of uncalcified and calcified fibrocartilage. Following injury, the native anatomy is not restored, resulting in inferior mechanical properties and an increased risk of re-injury. Recent in vivo studies provide evidence of improved healing when surgical repair of the bone-tendon interface is augmented with cells capable of undergoing chondrogenesis. In particular, cellular therapy in bone-tendon healing can promote fibrocartilage formation and associated improvements in mechanical properties. Despite these promising results in animal models, cellular therapy in human patients remains largely unexplored. This review highlights the development and structure-function relationship of normal bone-tendon insertions. The natural healing response to injury is discussed, with subsequent review of recent research on cellular approaches for improved healing. Finally, opportunities for translating in vivo findings into clinical practice are identified.
Strategies for Electrooptic Film Fabrication. Influence of Pyrrole−Pyridine-Based Dibranched Chromophore Architecture on Covalent Self-Assembly, Thin-Film Microstructure, and Nonlinear Optical Response (2006)

The new dibranched, heterocyclic "push-pull" chromophores bis{1-(pyridin-4-yl)-2-[2-(N-methylpyrrol-5-yl)]ethane}methane (1), 1-(pyrid-4-yl)-2-(N-methyl-5-formylpyrrol-2-yl)ethylene (2), {1-(N-methylpyridinium-4-yl)-2-[2-(N-methylpyrrol-5-yl)]ethane}{(1-(pyridin-4-yl)-2-[2-(N-methylpyrrol-5-yl)]ethane}methane (3), N-methyl-2-[1-(N-methylpyrid-4-yl)ethen-2-yl]-5-[pyrid-4-yl]ethen-2-yl]pyrrole iodide (4), bis{1-(N-methyl-4-pyridinio)-2-[2-(N-methylpyrrol-5-yl)]ethane}methane iodide (5), and N-methyl-2,5-[1-(N-methylpyrid-4-yl)ethen-2-yl]pyrrole iodide (6) have been synthesized and characterized. The neutral (1 and 2) and monomethyl salts (3 and 4) undergo chemisorptive reaction with iodobenzyl-functionalized surfaces to afford chromophore monolayers SA-1/SA-2 and SA-3/SA-4, respectively. Molecular structures and other physicochemical properties have been defined by (1)H NMR, optical spectroscopy, and XRD. Thin-film characterization by a variety of techniques (optical spectroscopy, specular X-ray reflectivity, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and angle-dependent polarized second harmonic generation) underscore the importance of the chromophore molecular architecture as well as film growth method on film microstructure and optical/electrooptic response.
Toward a real-time tracking of a medical deformable needle from strain measurements (2013)

Needles used in medical percutaneous procedures are brought to deform because of its interactions with inhomogeneous and anisotropic tissues. In this paper, the first step of the development of a new generation of tools for assistance in the realization of gestures taking into account these deformations are presented. We provide a new approach for determining, in "real time" and in 3D, the shape of an instrumented needle inserted into a complex tissue by using strain microgauges. The knowledge of the real time local deformation from these strain microgauges would improve the current navigation systems by considering not only the rigid needles but also the flexible ones. Our aim is to reconstruct in real time the instrumented needle shape in order to help tracking and steering during a medical intervention.
N-Halamine Polypropylene Nonwoven Fabrics with Rechargeable Antibacterial and Antiviral Functions for Medical Applications (2021)

Embedding medical and hygiene products with regenerable antimicrobial functions would have significant implications for limiting pathogen contaminations and reducing healthcare-associated infections. Herein, we demonstrate a scalable and industrially feasible methodology to fabricate chlorine rechargeable melt-blown polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabrics, which have been widely used in hygienic and personal protective products, via a combination of a melt reactive extrusion process and melt-blown technique. Methacrylamide (MAM) was employed as a precursor of halamine monomers and covalently grafted onto the PP backbone to form polypropylene-grafted methacrylamide (PP-g-MAM), which could be chlorinated, yielding biocidal acyclic halamines. Subsequently, the resultant PP-g-MAM was manufactured into nonwoven fabrics with varying fiber diameters by adjusting the hot air flowing speed during the melt-blowing process. The chlorinated nonwoven fabrics (PP-g-MAM-Cl) exhibited integrated properties such as a robust mechanical property, good thermal stability, high chlorination capability (>850 ppm), and desirable chlorine rechargeability. More importantly, such chlorinated nonwoven fabrics showed a promising antibacterial and antiviral efficiency, achieving 6 log CFU reduction of bacteria (both <i>Escherichia coli</i><i>O157: H7</i> and <i>Listeria innocua</i>) and 7 log PFU reductions of a virus (T7 bacteriophages) within 15 and 5 min of contact, respectively, revealing great potential to serve as a reusable antimicrobial material for medical protection applications.
Three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging via tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy (2015)

The field of three-dimensional quantitative phase imaging (3D QPI) is expanding rapidly with applications in biological, medical, and industrial research, development, diagnostics, and metrology. Much of this research has centered on developing optical diffraction tomography (ODT) for biomedical applications. In addition to technical difficulties associated with coherent noise, ODT is not congruous with optical microscopy utilizing partially coherent light, which is used in most biomedical laboratories. Thus, ODT solutions have, for the most part, been limited to customized optomechanical systems which would be relatively expensive to implement on a wide scale. In the present work, a new phase reconstruction method, called tomographic deconvolution phase microscopy (TDPM), is described which makes use of commercial microscopy hardware in realizing 3D QPI. TDPM is analogous to methods used in deconvolution microscopy which improve spatial resolution and 3D-localization accuracy of fluorescence micrographs by combining multiple through-focal scans which are deconvolved by the system point spread function. TDPM is based on the 3D weak object transfer function theory which is shown here to be capable of imaging "nonweak" phase objects with large phase excursions. TDPM requires no phase unwrapping and recovers the entire object spectrum via object rotation, mitigating the need to fill in the "missing cone" of spatial frequencies algorithmically as in limited-angle ODT. In the present work, TDPM is demonstrated using optical fibers, including single-mode, polarization-maintaining, and photonic-crystal fibers as well as an azimuthally varying CO2-laser-induced long-period fiber grating period as test phase objects.
Utilization of Phase Change Materials (PCM) to Reduce Energy Consumption in Buildings (2011)

Abstract : The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of using Phase Change Materials (PCM) to achieve energy savings for the Air Force. This was accomplished through both analytical and experimental work. The experimental work included a variety of configurations representing installation of PCM in a typical wall construction as well as in a typical air handling plenum. These configurations were installed in a calorimetric room with a constant heat source. The temperature of the room was plotted versus time to determine the ability of the PCM to absorb the energy. The analytical work focused on developing analytical models of the heat transfer and phase transition characteristics of the material.
Single cell analysis of human foetal liver captures the transcriptional profile of hepatobiliary hybrid progenitors (2019)

The liver parenchyma is composed of hepatocytes and bile duct epithelial cells (BECs). Controversy exists regarding the cellular origin of human liver parenchymal tissue generation during embryonic development, homeostasis or repair. Here we report the existence of a hepatobiliary hybrid progenitor (HHyP) population in human foetal liver using single-cell RNA sequencing. HHyPs are anatomically restricted to the ductal plate of foetal liver and maintain a transcriptional profile distinct from foetal hepatocytes, mature hepatocytes and mature BECs. In addition, molecular heterogeneity within the EpCAM<sup>+</sup> population of freshly isolated foetal and adult human liver identifies diverse gene expression signatures of hepatic and biliary lineage potential. Finally, we FACS isolate foetal HHyPs and confirm their hybrid progenitor phenotype in vivo. Our study suggests that hepatobiliary progenitor cells previously identified in mice also exist in humans, and can be distinguished from other parenchymal populations, including mature BECs, by distinct gene expression profiles.
PF-03715455: An inhaled p38 inhibitor for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013)

Rationale & Methods : There is an acute need for novel anti-inflammatory therapies for the treatment of COPD. A series of potent slow offset rapidly metabolised crystalline p38 inhibitors were identified and optimised for inhaled delivery. These compounds were screened in LPS / IL-1 induced primary monocyte and lung epithelial cells measuring a range of cytokines including TNFα, MIP1β, IL-6, IL-8. In addition, efficacy of IL-1 induced IL-8 inhibition in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) was compared to corticosteroids +/- co-incubation with cigarette smoke condensate (CSC). Topical in vivo activity was assessed in the dog segmental LPS challenge model.

Results :

![Figure][1] 



The maximal efficacy of PF-03715455 in reducing IL-1 mediated IL-8 production in human PBMC was modestly decreased by oxidative stress in the form of CSC (from 92% to 81%, respectively), while the potency of PF-03715455 was decreased 1.9-fold. However, the maximal efficacy of fluticasone propionate was dramatically decreased in the presence of CSC (from 73% to 39%, respectively), with a concomitant 3.1-fold decrease in relative potency. 1mg inhaled dry powder PF-03715455 resulted in a 48% inhibition of segmental LPS induced neutrophilia in dog.

Conclusion : PF-03715455 has broad anti-inflammatory effects in human lung cell systems and animal model systems and maintains activity under conditions of oxidative stress where corticosteroid efficacy is diminished.

 [1]: pending:yes
A Schur-complement method for integral-equation analysis of antennas near anatomical human models (2016)

The Schur complement method is applied to a multiregion integral equation formulation for analyzing antennas near anatomical human models to improve the conditioning of the system. The multiregion problem is split into a primary (external) domain and a secondary (internal) domain. The antenna unknowns are transferred as an effective load to the equivalent surface unknowns via the Schur complement. The proposed method's implementation and costs are detailed.