gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schisandrin A suppresses lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and oxidative stress in RAW 264.7 macrophages by suppressing the NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathways and activating Nrf2/HO-1 signaling (2017)

Schisandrin A is a bioactive lignan occurring in the fruits of plants of the Schisandra genus that have traditionally been used in Korea for treating various inflammatory diseases. Although the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of lignan analogues similar to schisandrin A have been reported, the underlying molecular mechanisms have remained elusive. In the present study, schisandrin A significantly suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of the key pro-inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 by suppressing the expression of inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore, schisandrin A was demonstrated to reduce the LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β; this was accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the respective mRNA and protein levels in the macrophages. In addition, the LPS- induced translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), as well as activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol‑3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathways were inhibited by schisandrin A. Furthermore, schisandrin A significantly diminished the LPS-stimulated accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species, and effectively enhanced the expression of NF erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). These results suggested that schisandrin A has a protective effect against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative responses in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the NF-κB, MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways; these effects are mediated, at least in part, by the activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Based on these results, it is concluded that schisandrin A may have therapeutic potential for treating inflammatory and oxidative disorders caused by over-activation of macrophages.
The Current Status of Bonding to Dentin Anno 2007 (2007)

Today, direct composite fillings have reached a satisfactory level, aesthetically and functionally, to replace decayed or lost tooth tissue. However, as the bond degrades with time, the restoration lifetime is limited, depending largely on the type of adhesive used. This review examines the processes involved in the adhesion of biomaterials to enamel and dentin. Contemporary adhesives are categorized upon ultra-morphological, chemical and mechanical features, as well as clinical parameters. Apart from these properties, special attention is given to one-step (self-etch) adhesives, as they are aggressively marketed as the most user-friendly adhesives. Nevertheless, in-vitro research has revealed considerable shortcomings related to many of these simplified adhesives. Notwithstanding the amount of n-vitro data available, non-carious class-V clinical trials remain the ultimate test method to assess clinical success. In combination with the prior in-vitro assessment, the following conclusions were drawn : 1) At present, the three-step etch&rinse approach remains the ‘golden standard’ in terms of bonding effectiveness ; 2) Any kind of simplification in the application procedure results in loss of bonding effectiveness ; 3) The today most acceptable trade-off between bonding effectiveness and ease-of-use is a ‘mild’ two-step self-etch approach that combines micro-mechanical interlocking with additional chemical interaction, the latter definitely contributing to the bond stability on the long term.
308. Do lung ultrasound abnormalities change during hospitalization for COVID-19? (2022)

Abstract Background While point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) has been used to track disease resolution, temporal trends in lung ultrasound (LUS) findings among hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is not well-characterized. Methods We studied 413 LUS scans in 244 participants ≥ 18 years of age hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia within 28 days of symptom onset from April, 2020 until September, 2021 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore Maryland. All patients were scanned using a 12-lung zone protocol and repeat scans were obtained in 3 days (N=114), 7 days (N=53), and weekly (N=9) from the initial scan. Participants were followed to determine clinical outcomes until hospital discharge and vital status at 28-days. Ultrasounds were independently reviewed for lung artifacts, and the composite mean LUS score (ranging from 0 to 3) across lung zones was determined. Trends of mean LUS scores and % lung fields with A-lines (indicating proportion of normal lung fields) were plotted by peak severity (mild, moderate, and severe defined by the World Health Organization Ordinal Scale) over time from symptom onset. Differences in mean LUS score or % A-lines changes over time between peak severity levels were evaluated using a Kruskal-Wallis test and linear mixed-effected models with an exchangeable correlation structure. Results Among 244 patients in our cohort (mean age of 58.2 (SD 15.0) years, and 55.7% female) (Table 1), there was no change in average mean LUS scores between the first two visits by severity groups (Figure 1; Kruskal-Wallis p=0.63). Mean LUS scores were elevated by 0.22 (p&amp;lt; 0.001) in a dose-response manner regardless of duration of illness, but there was no change over time associated with peak severity (p=0.73). Similarly, percentage of A-lines were in 13.9% less lung fields for each increase in peak severity (p&amp;lt; 0.001; Figure 2) regardless of duration of illness. However, a change in mean LUS score did not differ significantly among peak severity levels (p=0.36). Conclusion Mean LUS scores correlated with clinical severity among hospitalized adults when assessed cross-sectionally, however mean LUS score did not change or differ between peak severity levels over the time course of hospitalization. These results do not support serial LUS scans to monitor disease progression. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures.
微波光子集成及前沿展望（特邀） (2021)

Microwave photonics is an interdisciplinary subject of microwave engineering and photonics technology. It is a fused microwave and optical system that studies the interaction between optical and microwave signals in the medium and the generation, processing, transmission, and receiving of microwave signals in the optical domain. Integration is an inevitable trend of microwave photonics since the performances of current discrete devices-based microwave photonic systems are poor in terms of size, power consumption, stability and cost. The main scientific and technical issues of integrated microwave photonics were discussed, its development status and frontier research progresses were summarized, and an outlook of its future prospects was given.
Optimal Pump Linewidth for Conversion Efficiency in cw single-pass QPM SHG (2011)

We investigated normalized conversion efficiency depending on pump linewidth in cw single-pass QPM SHG. A maximum normalized SHG conversion efficiency is observed around a pump linewidth of 0.03 nm by additional SFG between longitudinal modes.
Discontinuity in radiology reporting of serial examinations for tumour response assessment (2014)

Poster: ECR 2014 / C-2138 / Discontinuity in radiology reporting of serial examinations for tumour response assessment by: D. J. Vining , R. Kampalath, R. Bassett, P. Fox, A. Tsimberidou; Houston, TX/US
A Glutamatergic Spine Model to Enable Multi-Scale Modeling of Nonlinear Calcium Dynamics (2018)

In synapses, calcium is required for modulating synaptic transmission, plasticity, synaptogenesis, and synaptic pruning. The regulation of calcium dynamics within neurons involves cellular mechanisms such as synaptically activated channels and pumps, calcium buffers, and calcium sequestrating organelles. Many experimental studies tend to focus on only one or a small number of these mechanisms, as technical limitations make it difficult to observe all features at once. Computational modeling enables incorporation of many of these properties together, allowing for more complete and integrated studies. However, the scale of existing detailed models is often limited to synaptic and dendritic compartments as the computational burden rapidly increases when these models are integrated in cellular or network level simulations. In this article we present a computational model of calcium dynamics at the postsynaptic spine of a CA1 pyramidal neuron, as well as a methodology that enables its implementation in multi-scale, large-scale simulations. We first present a mechanistic model that includes individually validated models of various components involved in the regulation of calcium at the spine. We validated our mechanistic model by comparing simulated calcium levels to experimental data found in the literature. We performed additional simulations with the mechanistic model to determine how the simulated calcium activity varies with respect to presynaptic-postsynaptic stimulation intervals and spine distance from the soma. We then developed an input-output (IO) model that complements the mechanistic calcium model and provide a computationally efficient representation for use in larger scale modeling studies; we show the performance of the IO model compared to the mechanistic model in terms of accuracy and speed. The models presented here help achieve two objectives. First, the mechanistic model provides a comprehensive platform to describe spine calcium dynamics based on individual contributing factors. Second, the IO model is trained on the main dynamical features of the mechanistic model and enables nonlinear spine calcium modeling on the cell and network level simulation scales. Utilizing both model representations provide a multi-level perspective on calcium dynamics, originating from the molecular interactions at spines and propagating the effects to higher levels of activity involved in network behavior.
Longitudinal Distribution of Ozone Absorption in the Lung: Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide, Sulfur Dioxide, and Ozone Exposures (1997)

Investigators used an ozone bolus inhalation method to study the effects of continuous exposure to ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide on ozone absorption in the conducting airways of human lungs. Healthy, young nonsmokers (6 males, 6 females) were exposed on separate days for 2 h to air containing 0.36 ppm nitrogen dioxide, 0.75 ppm nitrogen dioxide, 0.36 ppm sulfur dioxide, or 0.36 ppm ozone. Every 30 min, the subject interrupted exposure for approximately 5 min, during which he or she orally inhaled five ozone boluses-each in a separate breath. Investigators targeted penetration of the boluses distal to the lips in the 70-130-ml range, which corresponded to the lower conducting airways. The authors computed the change in absorption resulting from exposure (delta lambda) by comparing the amount of each ozone bolus that was absorbed with a corresponding value obtained prior to exposure. Results indicated that ozone exposure caused delta lambda to decrease relative to air exposure (p < .01), whereas both nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide exposures caused an increase in delta lambda that was not significantly different from air exposure. This resulted, at least in part, to an artifact caused by preexposure to ozone boluses. The authors concluded that exposure of the lower conducting airways to nitrogen dioxide or sulfur dioxide increased their capacity to absorb ozone because more of the biochemical substrates that are normally oxidized by ozone were made available. During continuous ozone exposure, this excess of substrate is depleted and the absorption of ozone boluses decreases.
Hydrodynamic Spinning of Protein Fractal Aggregates into Core–Shell Fibers (2022)

Using fractal protein aggregates as building blocks, porous fibers were produced. The suspension of aggregates was coinjected with a solution of calcium chloride. Sol–gel transition of the suspension was induced by diffusion of calcium ions in the jet. The production of these fibers required a precise control of both hydrodynamic and physicochemical conditions as hydrodynamic instabilities competed with the gelation kinetics. By increasing the calcium concentration, several regimes were observed: swollen, dispersed, and shrunk fibers. In the first regime, homogeneous fibers were obtained. In the last one, osmotic phenomena led to a spontaneous core–shell structure with a dense shell.
Derivation of endotiielial cells from iiuman embryonic stem cells (2004)

Endothelial cells are involved in regulating physiological processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation, and thrombosis. They are of great research interest because of their potential to treat vascular diseases and stimulate growth of ischemic tissue. One cell source for such applications is embryonic stem (ES) cells, which have been shown to differentiate into endothelial cells through a process known as vasculogenesis. Endothelial cells and their progenitors have been successfully isolated by taking advantage of characteristic surface receptors. The isolation techniques are well established for animal systems, particularly in mouse, and have recently been applied to human models. Angiogenesis, or the growth of new capillaries, is a natural response by the body designed to maintain tissue perfusion during periods of tissue ischemia, but this capacity is often impaired or inadequate. Injury of the arterial endothelium due to intravascular stenting, balloon angioplasty or surgery often results in restenosis, which is characterized by intimal hyperplasia and may ultimately cause thrombosis.
Supplemental figure 1 legend from Dose Escalation of Tamoxifen in Patients with Low Endoxifen Level: Evidence for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring—The TADE Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend for Supplemental figure 1&lt;/p&gt;
Quantitative characterization and analysis of the I/O behavior of a commercial distributed-shared-memory machine (2000)

This paper presents a unified evaluation of the I/O behavior of a commercial clustered DSM machine, the HP Exemplar. Our study has the following objectives: 1) To evaluate the impact of different interacting system components, namely, architecture, operating system, and programming model, on the overall I/O behavior and identify possible performance bottlenecks, and 2) To provide hints to the users for achieving high out-of-box I/O throughput. We find that for the DSM machines that are built as a cluster of SMP nodes, integrated clustering of computing and I/O resources, both hardware and software, is not advantageous for two reasons. First, within an SMP node, the I/O bandwidth is often restricted by the performance of the peripheral components and cannot match the memory bandwidth. Second, since the I/O resources are shared as a global resource, the file-access costs become nonuniform and the I/O behavior of the entire system, in terms of both scalability and balance, degrades. We observe that the buffered I/O performance is determined not only by the I/O subsystem, but also by the programming model, global-shared memory subsystem, and data-communication mechanism. Moreover, programming-model support can be used effectively to overcome the performance constraints created by the architecture and operating system. For example, on the HP Exemplar, users can achieve high I/O throughput by using features of the programming model that balance the sharing and locality of the user buffers and file systems. Finally, we believe that at present, the I/O subsystems are being designed in isolation, and there is a need for mending the traditional memory-oriented design approach to address this problem.
Catalpol attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory responses in BV2 microglia through inhibiting the TLR4-mediated NF-κB pathway (2019)

Catalpol, an iridoid glucoside mainly found in the root of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, is known to possess various pharmacological effects. Here, we investigated its inhibitory potential against inflammatory responses in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia. Our results showed that catalpol significantly suppressed LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators, including nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2. Consistent with these results, catalpol downregulated LPS-stimulated expression of their regulatory enzymes, such as inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2. Catalpol also inhibited LPS-induced production and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Additionally, catalpol suppressed the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway by disrupting the phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of κB-α and blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65. Moreover, catalpol inhibited LPS-induced expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88, which was related to suppression of the binding of LPS with TLR4 on the cell surface. Furthermore, catalpol markedly reduced LPS-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Collectively, these results suggest that catalpol can repress LPS-mediated inflammatory action in BV2 microglia through inactivating NF-κB signaling by antagonizing TLR4 and eliminating ROS, indicating that catalpol can have potential benefits by inhibiting the onset and/or treatment of inflammatory diseases.
The Ability of Pepsins to Degrade Gastroduodenal Mucus Glycoproteins (1989)

Conference Abstract| January 01 1989 The Ability of Pepsins to Degrade Gastroduodenal Mucus Glycoproteins J.P. Pearson; J.P. Pearson 1Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Blackburn; A. Blackburn 1Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Allen; A. Allen 1Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar K. Peek; K. Peek *Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar N.B. Roberts; N.B. Roberts *Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar W.H. Taylor W.H. Taylor *Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Liverpool Hospital, Liverpool L7 8XP Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Clin Sci (Lond) (1989) 76 (s20): 42P. https://doi.org/10.1042/cs076042Pb Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J.P. Pearson, A. Blackburn, A. Allen, K. Peek, N.B. Roberts, W.H. Taylor; The Ability of Pepsins to Degrade Gastroduodenal Mucus Glycoproteins. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 January 1989; 76 (s20): 42P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs076042Pb Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsClinical Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1989 The Biochemical Society and the Medical Research Society1989 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Decorating chromatin for enhanced genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9 (2022)

Abstract CRISPR-associated (Cas) enzymes have revolutionized biology by enabling RNA-guided genome editing. Homology-directed repair (HDR) in the presence of donor templates is currently the most versatile method to introduce precise edits following CRISPR-Cas-induced double-stranded DNA cuts, but HDR efficiency is generally low relative to end-joining pathways that lead to insertions and deletions (indels). We tested the hypothesis that HDR could be increased using a Cas9 construct fused to PRDM9, a chromatin remodeling factor that deposits histone methylations H3K36me3 and H3K4me3 to mediate homologous recombination in human cells. Our results show that the fusion protein contacts chromatin specifically at the Cas9 cut site in the genome to increase the observed HDR efficiency by three-fold and HDR:indel ratio by five-fold compared to that induced by unmodified Cas9. HDR enhancement occurred in multiple cell lines with no increase in off-target genome editing. These findings underscore the importance of chromatin features for the balance between DNA repair mechanisms during CRISPR-Cas genome editing and provide a new strategy to increase HDR efficiency. Significance Statement CRISPR-Cas-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) enables precision genome editing for diverse research and clinical applications, but HDR efficiency is often low due to competing end-joining pathways. Here, we describe a simple strategy to influence DNA repair pathway choice and improve HDR efficiency by engineering CRISPR-Cas9-methyltransferase fusion proteins. This strategy highlights the impact of histone modifications on DNA repair following CRISPR-Cas-induced double-stranded breaks and adds to the CRISPR genome editing toolbox.
Photoinduced generation of electron anions in H-doped nanoporous oxide 12CaO∙7Al2O3: Toward an optically controlled formation of electrides (2005)

We suggest, on the basis of detailed ab initio calculations of both ground and photoexcited states of H-doped 12CaO∙7Al2O3 (C12A7:H), that stable high-conductivity regions can be optically generated in this insulating system. Each H− ion in C12A7:H can, under photoirradiation at 3.8–4.5 eV, produce up to two electrons and a proton that binds to the lattice network and forms OH−. Mobile electrons play a role of anions in this system. They move over subnanosized cages of the C12A7 lattice via polaron hopping. The insulating state is reversibly restored upon heating to 300 °C.
Unequal Error Protection for Compressed Video Streaming on 60GHz WPAN System (2008)

This paper proposes a cross-layer unequal error protection (UEP) scheme that supports compressed video transmission in 60 GHz wireless personal area network (WPAN) systems. The proposed scheme combines MAC layer aggregation with PHY layer hierarchical modulation mapping, which offers better visual-quality transmission over conventional equal error protection (EEP). Computer simulations show that under the 60 GHz channel environments, the proposed UEP scheme outperforms conventional EEP scheme up to 15 dB in terms of average peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).
Selective mesoporous adsorbents for Ag+/Cu2+ separation (2008)

Three different approaches, including (1) manipulating the site chemistry, (2) controlling the spacing between neighbouring sites and (3) altering the adsorbates by the use of chelates, were successfully used to prepare MCM-41 adsorbents with excellent selectivity for silver adsorption from solutions containing copper.
CMOS active pixel image sensor with CCD performance (1998)

A color CMOS image sensor has been developed which meets the performance of mainstream CCDs. The pixel combines a high fill factor with a low diode capacitance. This yields a high light sensitivity, expressed by the conversion gain of 9 (mu) V/electron and the quantum efficiency fill factor product of 28 percent. The temporal noise is 63 electrons, and the dynamic range is 67 dB. An offset compensation circuit in the column amplifiers limits the peak-to-peak fixed pattern noise to 0.15 percent of the saturation voltage.