gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Delayed-Release Coatings for Oxidative Breakers (2010)

Abstract Inorganic and organic coatings for solid oxidative breakers have been developed to degrade slickwater and gelled stimulation fluids, reducing the polymers’ potential to cause formation damage as they concentrate in fractures. The coatings result in a delay of 90 minutes or more before the oxidizer begins to degrade the frac fluid, and this benefit was obtained without compromising the properties of the stimulation fluid or the oxidizer. Frac fluids consist of ultrahigh molecular weight synthetic polymers or functionalized or unadulterated polysaccharides, and can be crosslinked by borates, zirconates, titanates, or other species. The high viscosities of these fluids allow proppants to be transported, or, in the case of slickwater fracs, provide drag reduction, diminishing the amount of energy needed to pump the fluid. After the shut-in period, however, the polymers’ presence can be problematic, creating a skin over the newly formed fracture surface and proppant bed, reducing the communication from the wellbore to the fracture/formation. Breakers such as oxidizers and enzymes have been employed to degrade polymers, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. Oxidizers quickly and effectively attack a wide range of synthetic polymers and polysaccharides, while enzymes work in a more controlled fashion and have to be tailored for specific fluid systems. In order to avoid premature degradation of stimulation fluids, breakers can be added towards the end of the shut-in period, or encapsulated and added earlier. Static and dynamic benchtop tests were conducted on polyacrylamide copolymers and linear polysaccharide gels over a range of temperatures, and the new coatings were observed to increase the time to a full break by a minimum of 90 minutes, depending on the thickness and composition of the encapsulation layer. Ultimate performance enhancement was gained within reasonable cost constraints.
LABORATORY AND CLINICAL STUDIES IN CONGENITAL METHEMOGLOBINEMIA (1952)

Congenital idiopathic methemoglobinemia in a 12 year old boy was corrected by the administration of either ascorbic acid or methylene blue, the latter being more efficient. The oxygen dissociation curve was normal but as would be expected the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood was increased after methylene blue was given. Arterial oxygen saturation was determined by an oximeter to demonstrate the increased oxygen-carrying capacity after methylene blue. Para-amino propriophenone administration caused an increase in methemoglobin level but not to the maximum value for this patient. Sodium nitrite by mouth did give the maximum level. Enzyme studies revealed no difference in oxygen uptake of hexosediphosphate either with or without methylene blue in normal or methemoglobinemic cells in a medium which contained glucose. No "cytochrome-reductase like" activity was demonstrated in the methemoglobinemic cell. No definitive evidence exists to support the belief that reduced co-enzyme I reacts directly with methemoglobin in normal cells.
Antibody–Bactericidal Macrocyclic Peptide Conjugates To Target Gram‐Negative Bacteria (2018)

To combat antimicrobial infections, new active molecules are needed. Antimicrobial peptides, ever abundant in nature, are a fertile starting point to develop new antimicrobial agents but suffer from low stability, low specificity, and off-target toxicity. These drawbacks have limited their development. To overcome some of these limitations, we developed antibody-bactericidal macrocyclic peptide conjugates (ABCs), in which the antibody directs the bioactive macrocyclic peptide to the targeted Gram-negative bacteria. We used cysteine S<sub>N</sub> Ar chemistry to synthesize and systematically study a library of large (>30-mer) macrocyclic antimicrobial peptides (mAMPs) to discover variants with extended proteolytic stability in human serum and low hemolytic activity while maintaining bioactivity. We then conjugated, by using sortase A, these bioactive variants onto an Escherichia coli targeted monoclonal antibody. We found that these ABCs had minimized hemolytic activity and were able to kill E. coli at nanomolar concentrations. Our findings suggest macrocyclic peptides if fused to antibodies may facilitate the discovery of new agents to treat bacterial infections.
Gauss impulse cascade [Machine Translation] (1991)

Il est décrit un procédé d'obtention d'un spectre de signaux RMN à caractéristique rectangulaire dans une zone de fréquence, par irradiation d'une séquence d'impulsions HF sur un échantillon, dans un chmp magnétique statique homogène. Les impulsions HF de la séquence sont modulées en amplitude, et la fonction enveloppante de la séquence est constituée par une superposition d'impulsions HF en forme de courbes en cloche avec des positions optimisées des maxima, des largeurs d'impulsion et des amplitudes des pics. Les signaux de réponse en fonction du décalage normal de fréquence sont très proches d'un état idéal correspondant à une fonction rectangulaire. Le procédé est applicable avec succès, en particulier pour la production d'images en tomographie RMN, en spectroscopie RMN multidimensionnelle, ainsi qu'en spectroscopie RMN sélective en volume.
Gene-edited pseudogene resurrection corrects p47phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (2016)

Pseudogenes are duplicated genes with mutations rendering them nonfunctional. For single-gene disorders with homologous pseudogenes, the pseudogene might be a target for genetic correction. Autosomal-recessive p47<sup>phox</sup>-deficient chronic granulomatous disease (p47-CGD) is a life-threatening immune deficiency caused by mutations in <i>NCF1</i>, a gene with 2 pseudogenes, <i>NCF1B</i> and <i>NCF1C</i>. The most common <i>NCF1</i> mutation, a GT deletion (ΔGT) at the start of exon 2 (>90% of alleles), is constitutive to <i>NCF1B</i> and <i>NCF1C</i>. <i>NCF1</i> ΔGT results in premature termination, undetectable protein expression, and defective production of antimicrobial superoxide in neutrophils. We examined strategies for p47-CGD gene correction using engineered zinc-finger nucleases targeting the exon 2 ΔGT in induced pluripotent stem cells or CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic stem cells derived from p47-CGD patients. Correction of ΔGT in <i>NCF1</i> pseudogenes restores oxidase function in p47-CGD, providing the first demonstration that targeted restoration of pseudogene function can correct a monogenic disorder.
ChemInform Abstract: New DBU (1,8‐Diazabicyclo(5.4.0)undec‐7‐ene) Assisted One‐Pot Synthesis of 2,8‐Disubstituted 4H‐1‐Benzopyran‐4‐ones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Assimilation and survival in cyberspace (2002)

The question addressed in this paper is how do complex networks survive competitive forces and hostile attacks. In particular we seek to understand survivability and defence in large-scale computing networks. An integrated network of software agents is proposed as a solution to creating a dynamic immunological defence mechanism within such computing networks.In order to investigate these processes a multi-agent simulation model has been developed which demonstrates spontaneous group formation and the maintenance of group integrity. These system aspects are proposed as integral components of survivability. Each agent is susceptible to virus infections, passed between each agent and social assimilation by its local neighbours. From this model we observe a wide range of complex social behaviours that could be selected from a few critical interaction parameters. We then introduced an artificial immune system to each agent, which allows learned 'antibody' solutions to be exchanged between the agents within a social group. This mechanism reduced the infection level to a small percentage of the non-cooperative state. Finally, the paper considers the specific problem of how we might utilise such knowledge to develop a fully implemented network defence system.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy's Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
A 4900×m2 839Mbps Side-Channel Attack Resistant AES-128 in 14nm CMOS with Heterogeneous Sboxes, Linear Masked MixColumns and Dual-Rail Key Addition (2019)

A.A 4900μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> side-channel attack (SCA) resistant AES accelerator in 14nm CMOS achieves 1200x higher minimumtime-to-disclosure (MTD) than an unprotected AES. Randomized byte-order shuffling using heterogeneous Sboxes, linear masked MixColumns and dual-rail key addition enable 9.2x lower correlation between current traces and HD/HW power models. The accelerator achieves 839Mbps throughput with 0.7% performance overhead.
Cryo-EM reveals how Hsp90 and FKBP immunophilins co-regulate the Glucocorticoid Receptor (2023)

Hsp90 is an essential molecular chaperone responsible for the folding and activation of hundreds of 'client' proteins, including the glucocorticoid receptor (GR)<sup>1-3</sup>. Previously, we revealed that GR ligand binding activity is inhibited by Hsp70 and restored by Hsp90, aided by co-chaperones<sup>4</sup>. We then presented cryo-EM structures mechanistically detailing how Hsp70 and Hsp90 remodel the conformation of GR to regulate ligand binding<sup>5,6</sup>. <i>In vivo</i>, GR-chaperone complexes are found associated with numerous Hsp90 co-chaperones, but the most enigmatic have been the immunophilins FKBP51 and FKBP52, which further regulate the activity of GR and other steroid receptors<sup>7-9</sup>. A molecular understanding of how FKBP51 and FKBP52 integrate with the GR chaperone cycle to differentially regulate GR activation <i>in vivo</i> is lacking due to difficulties reconstituting these interactions. Here, we present a 3.01 Å cryo-EM structure of the GR:Hsp90:FKBP52 complex, revealing , for the first time, that FKBP52 directly binds to the folded, ligand-bound GR using three novel interfaces, each of which we demonstrate are critical for FKBP52-dependent potentiation of GR activity <i>in vivo</i>. In addition, we present a 3.23 Å cryo-EM structure of the GR:Hsp90:FKBP51 complex, which, surprisingly, largely mimics the GR:Hsp90:FKBP52 structure. In both structures, FKBP51 and FKBP52 directly engage the folded GR and unexpectedly facilitate release of p23 through an allosteric mechanism. We also reveal that FKBP52, but not FKBP51, potentiates GR ligand binding <i>in vitro</i>, in a manner dependent on FKBP52-specific interactions. Altogether, we reveal how FKBP51 and FKBP52 integrate into the GR chaperone cycle to advance GR to the next stage of maturation and how FKBP51 and FKBP52 compete for GR:Hsp90 binding, leading to functional antagonism.
Concatenated Codes (2006)

In this chapter, we continue the discussion on concatenated codes, which was initiated in Section 5.4. The main message to be conveyed in this chapter is that by using concatenation, one can obtain codes with favorable asymptotic performance—in a sense to be quantified more precisely—while the complexity of constructing these codes and decoding them grows polynomially with the code length.
Realization of CDMA-based IoT Services with Shared Band Operation of LTE in 5G (2017)

5G network is geared towards massive deployment of Internet-of-Things (IoTs) with requirements of low end-to-end latency, low control overhead and low power transmissions. Current 4G network is optimized for large bandwidth applications and inefficient to handle short sporadic IoT messages. This paper focuses on low power underlay CDMA access for IoT devices considering event-driven and latency sensitive traffic profile, thus will significantly reduce the access time. We propose a PHY/MAC layer design for CDMA based communication for IoT devices. We evaluate coexisting operation of CDMA based IoT network in presence of the exiting LTE network. Our proposed protocol will integrate IoT traffic with legacy system by minimal modification at the edge network, essentially eNodeB. We show that the underlay CDMA IoT network meets IoT data traffic requirements with minimal degradation (~ 3%) to the LTE throughput. We also implement the proposed design using Software Defined Radios and show the viability of the proposal under different network scenarios.
Photo-collection representation based on viewpoint clustering (2007)

The users of digital cameras often take multiple photographs of the same scene. Such multiple shots usually have a special meaning to the photographer, and require further actions, e.g. selection of the best exposure/composition/portrait or stitching several images into a panorama or composite image. We present a method of fast retrieval of all groups of shots taken from the same viewpoint. This task is different from the recently emerged near-duplicate detection problem because, in our case, the multiple shots differ not only by photometric and simple geometric transformations; they can have a little or no overlap, and large variations of objects may be presented. Therefore, we solve a general multiple image registration problem by extracting local image descriptors, their matching, and recovering geometric transformation between images. Initially, the photo-collection is divided in time-based clusters, which are then refined by extracting connected components from the global image registration graph. The method has been applied to real consumer photo-collections, and we show that depending on individual camera usage styles, user collections contain from 15% to 90% of photos requiring further attention. The presented system automates the otherwise manual work of selecting a series of similar images.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF INSTRUMENTATION FOR EVALUATING BIODEGRADATION. (1975)

Abstract not available
Single Channel Multicore Fiber Assemblies Applied to Twist Effects in Fiber Shape Sensing (2022)

We demonstrate high spatial resolution fiber shape sensing using one simultaneous measurement of four helically twisted cores, allowing calibration of the fiber spin rate. Our fiber is also shown to have minimal induced mechanical twist.
Potential Applications of the Stiller-Smith Mechanism in internal Combustion Engine Designs (1987)

With few exceptions most internal combustion engines use a slider crank mechanism to convert reciprocating piston motion into a usable rotational output. One such exception is the stiller-smith mechanism which utilizes a kinematic inversion of a scotch yoke called an elliptic trammel. The device uses rigid connecting rods and a floating/ eccentric gear train for motion conversion and force transmission. The mechanism exhibits advantages over the slider crank for application in internal combustion engines in areas such as balancing, size, thermal efficiency, and low heat rejection. An overview of potential advantages of an engine utilizing the stiller-smith mechanism is presented (a).
cis- and trans-Stereoselective Epoxidation of N-Protected 2-Cyclohexen-1-ylamines (2003)

The first systematic study of the cis and trans stereoselectivity in the m-CPBA epoxidation of N-protected cyclic allylic amines has been completed. Mono-N-protected systems gave epoxides with cis stereochemistry (amides are better cis directors than sulfonamides or carbamates) whereas di-N-protected systems gave trans-epoxides (TsNBoc protection gave complete trans stereoselectivity). [structure: see text]
Discourse as a knowledge resource for sentence disambiguation (1995)

A consistent text contains rich resources of information such as collocation patterns that can be used to resolve ambiguities within its sentences For example attachment ambiguities in a sentence can be resolved by selecting a candidate attachment that matches attachments found in other sentences in the same discourse Thus, discourse can be regarded as a valuable knowledge resource for sentence analysis In this paper, we examine some features of discourse as a knowledge resource and propose a framework for natural language processing that provides a simple algorithm for using information extracted from discourse together with information stored in knowledge bases The experimental results of using our framework to disambiguate sentences in technical documents offer good prospects for improving the accuracy of a broad coverage natural language processing system that handles various texts without constructing knowledge bases for each text in advance Some noteworthy features of discourse information are also deduced from the results of our experiments.
Postprandial hyperglycaemia and vascular damage - the benefits of acarbose (2006)

Traditional risk factors do not fully explain the increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in diabetes. Epidemiology shows that hyperglycaemia is a continuous CVD risk factor and that two-hour postprandial glucose levels are more strongly associated with CVD than fasting glucose. Good glycaemic control is proven to reduce the risk of microvascular complications, but equivalent evidence for CVD risk reduction is lacking. However, in the Study to Prevent Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (STOP-NIDDM), acarbose reduced the risk of diabetes in those with impaired glucose tolerance by 36% (p=0.0017) and the risk of any cardiovascular event by 49% (p=0.0326) versus placebo. Furthermore, a meta-analysis of trials of acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes suggests a significant reduction of CVD events. This review examines evidence that postprandial hyperglycaemia plays a major role in vascular damage, particularly through non-traditional risk factors such as oxidative stress and subclinical inflammation, and how acarbose may prevent this damage.
In-situ tribochemical formation of self-lubricating diamond-like carbon films (2018)

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films were tribochemically formed from ambient hydrocarbons on the surface of a highly stable nanocrystalline Pt-Au alloy. A sliding contact between an alumina sphere and Pt-Au coated steel exhibited friction coefficients as low as μ = 0.01 after dry sliding in environments containing trace (ppb) organics. Ex situ analysis indicated that the change in friction coefficient was due to the formation of amorphous carbon films, and Raman spectroscopy and elastic recoil analysis showed that these films consist of sp2/sp3 amorphous carbon with as much as 20% hydrogen. Transmission electron microscopy indicated these films had thicknesses exceeding 100 nm, and were enhanced by the incorporation of worn Pt-Au nanoparticles. The result was highly wear-resistant, low-friction DLC/Pt-Au nanocomposites. Atomistic simulations of hydrocarbons under shear between rigid Pt slabs using a reactive force field showed stress-induced changes in bonding through chain scission, a likely route towards the formation of these coatings. This novel demonstration of in situ tribochemical formation of self-lubricating films has significant impact potential in a wide range of engineering applications.
ANTIBIOTIC-LOADED BONE CEMENT FOR INFECTION PROPHYLAXIS IN TOTAL JOINT REPLACEMENT (2006)

Use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement for prophylaxis against infection is not indicated for patients not at high risk for infection who are undergoing routine primary or revision joint replacement with cement. The mechanical and elution properties of commercially available premixed antibiotic-loaded bone-cement products are superior to those of hand-mixed preparations. Use of commercially available antibiotic-loaded bone-cement products has been cleared by the United States Food and Drug Administration only for use in the second stage of a two-stage total joint revision following removal of the original prosthesis and elimination of active periprosthetic infection. Use of antibiotic-loaded bone cement for prophylaxis against infection in the second stage of a two-stage total joint revision involves low doses of antibiotics. Active infection cannot be treated with commercially available antibiotic-loaded bone cement as such treatment requires higher doses of antibiotics.
A Study of Video Super-Resolution Method Using Video Coded Data as Training Data (2021)

This paper presents a study of video super resolution method by applying Deformable Convolution network to coded video. It is reported the effectiveness of using coded video as training data, and numerical and visual results of coded fine-tuned model. From those results, it is discussed the relationship between about characteristic of training data and especially in video’s framerate. There it is shown that video sequence which has similar framerate with training data can perform higher PSNR, since low framerate means the motion between frames is large and Deformable Convolution can learn that large motion.
The effects of oil exposure on peripheral blood leukocytes and splenic melano-macrophage centers of Gulf of Mexico fishes (2014)

In August and November 2010 we collected and examined peripheral blood and tissues from three species of Gulf of Mexico fish. Findings were compared to non-exposed control fish. The leukocyte counts of exposed alligator gar were not significantly different from controls, while exposed Gulf killifish and sea trout had significantly decreased lymphocyte counts. Liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) values from sea trout were significantly greater than control sea trout EROD values, suggesting poly aromatic hydrocarbon exposure. Splenic melano-macrophage centers (MMCs) from exposed sea trout and Gulf killifish showed a significant increase in number compared to non-exposed fish. Sea trout splenic MMCs were also significantly greater in size. These findings suggest that Gulf fish sampled were exposed to crude oil from the Macondo well and were in a lymphopenic or immuno-compromised state.
Virtual Reality Human–Human Interface to Deliver Psychotherapy to People Experiencing Auditory Verbal Hallucinations: Development and Usability Study (2021)

Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04099940; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04099940.
An Efficient Method for the Preparation of 4(5)-Cyanoimidazoles (1987)

Abstract We report herein a direct, cost-effective process for the preparation of 4(5)-cyanoimidazoles from the corresponding 4(5)-imidazolecarboxylates.