gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RoboGrammar (2020)

We present RoboGrammar , a fully automated approach for generating optimized robot structures to traverse given terrains. In this framework, we represent each robot design as a graph, and use a graph grammar to express possible arrangements of physical robot assemblies. Each robot design can then be expressed as a sequence of grammar rules. Using only a small set of rules our grammar can describe hundreds of thousands of possible robot designs. The construction of the grammar limits the design space to designs that can be fabricated. For a given input terrain, the design space is searched to find the top performing robots and their corresponding controllers. We introduce Graph Heuristic Search - a novel method for efficient search of combinatorial design spaces. In Graph Heuristic Search, we explore the design space while simultaneously learning a function that maps incomplete designs (e.g., nodes in the combinatorial search tree) to the best performance values that can be achieved by expanding these incomplete designs. Graph Heuristic Search prioritizes exploration of the most promising branches of the design space. To test our method we optimize robots for a number of challenging and varied terrains. We demonstrate that RoboGrammar can successfully generate nontrivial robots that are optimized for a single terrain or a combination of terrains.
Disease-Causing Mitochondrial Heteroplasmy Segregated Within Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Clones Derived from a Patient with MELAS (2013)

Mitochondrial diseases display pathological phenotypes according to the mixture of mutant versus wild-type mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), known as heteroplasmy. We herein examined the impact of nuclear reprogramming and clonal isolation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) on mitochondrial heteroplasmy. Patient-derived dermal fibroblasts with a prototypical mitochondrial deficiency diagnosed as mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) demonstrated mitochondrial dysfunction with reduced oxidative reserve due to heteroplasmy at position G13513A in the ND5 subunit of complex I. Bioengineered iPSC clones acquired pluripotency with multilineage differentiation capacity and demonstrated reduction in mitochondrial density and oxygen consumption distinguishing them from the somatic source. Consistent with the cellular mosaicism of the original patient-derived fibroblasts, the MELAS-iPSC clones contained a similar range of mtDNA heteroplasmy of the disease-causing mutation with identical profiles in the remaining mtDNA. High-heteroplasmy iPSC clones were used to demonstrate that extended stem cell passaging was sufficient to purge mutant mtDNA, resulting in isogenic iPSC subclones with various degrees of disease-causing genotypes. On comparative differentiation of iPSC clones, improved cardiogenic yield was associated with iPSC clones containing lower heteroplasmy compared with isogenic clones with high heteroplasmy. Thus, mtDNA heteroplasmic segregation within patient-derived stem cell lines enables direct comparison of genotype/phenotype relationships in progenitor cells and lineage-restricted progeny, and indicates that cell fate decisions are regulated as a function of mtDNA mutation load. The novel nuclear reprogramming-based model system introduces a disease-in-a-dish tool to examine the impact of mutant genotypes for MELAS patients in bioengineered tissues and a cellular probe for molecular features of individual mitochondrial diseases.
Electrochromism of gold-vanadium pentoxide composite thin films prepared by alternating thermal deposition (1994)

The composite thin films of Au-V2O5 were prepared by means of an alternating thermal deposition technique. The electrochromic properties of the films were dependent on Au contents and calcination temperature. The composite film containing 26 at. % Au calcined at 400 °C gave clear electrochromism of reddish-violet (cathodic polarization) ↔ green (anodic). The film had a strong optical absorption peak ascribable to the dispersed Au particles at 615 nm (cathodic) or 555 nm (anodic). The shift of this absorption peak, coupled with that of the absorption edge of the V2O5 matrix, was responsible for the new electrochromism.
Supplementary Table 1 from KRAS Mutation Status Is Associated with Enhanced Dependency on Folate Metabolism Pathways in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 75K, Normalized basal gene expression microarray data for non-squamous NSCLC NCI60 cell lines were grouped according to KRAS mutation status. Genes showing significant differences in expression between KRAS mutant and KRAS wildtype cells were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and significantly different canonical pathways were identified.&lt;/p&gt;
Minimally disruptive laser-induced breakdown in water (2005)

Received July 17, 1997We produce minimally disruptive breakdown in water by using tightly focused 100-fs laser pulses anddemonstrate the potential use of this technique in microsurgery of the eye. Using time-resolved imagingand piezoelectric pressure detection, we measure the magnitude and speed of propagation of the pressure waveproduced in the breakdown. Compared with breakdown with longer pulses, here there is a much lower energythreshold for breakdown of 0.2 mJ, a smaller shock zone diameter (11 mm for 1-mJ pulses), and consistentenergy deposition. 1997 Optical Society of America
No association of abnormal cranial venous drainage with multiple sclerosis: a magnetic resonance venography and flow-quantification study (2010)

Findings suggestive of anomalies of the cranial venous outflow anatomy were frequently observed in both MS patients and healthy controls. Given the normal intracranial venous flow quantification results, it is likely that these findings reflect anatomical variants of venous drainage rather than clinically relevant venous outflow obstructions.
Phase transitions in high-Tcsuperconductive oxides (1990)

Abstract Superconductivity is stabilized by the opening up of an energy gap at the Fermi Energy E F below the superconductor transition temperature T c ; any other mechanism that opens an energy gap at E F is competitive. In the high-T c bismuth oxides, a charge-density wave (CDW) is competitive; in the high-T c copper oxides the correlation splitting associated with localized electrons is competitive. In each class of oxide, stabilization of superconductivity requires the introduction of mixed valency. It is argued that suppression of a CDW or of localized magnetic moments and long-range magnetic order by the introduction of mixed valency is not a sufficient condition for high-T c superconductivity. A common feature of the superconductive phase in all the p-type high-T c oxides is a Fermi energy that cuts two bands, a [sgrave]∗ band of primarily cationic character (Bi-6s or Cu-3dx2-y2) and a π or π∗ band of primarily anionic character (O-2pπ). The transition from localized copper magnetic moments to Pauli paramagnetism is monitored in the system La2-xSrxCuO4-y; although short-range antiferromagnetic order is retained in the p-type superconductive phase of the copper oxides, a charge-transfer as against a spin-spin exchange interaction appears to be the more probable mechanism for enhancement of the Cooper pairing below T c . The recently discovered n-type superconductivity in Nd2-xCexCuO4 may involve charge transport to the rare-earth 5d bands.
Bacterial and human peptidylarginine deiminases: targets for inhibiting the autoimmune response in rheumatoid arthritis? (2010)

Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) convert arginine within a peptide (peptidylarginine) into peptidylcitrulline. Citrullination by human PADs is important in normal physiology and inflammation. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major pathogen in periodontitis, is the only prokaryote described to possess PAD. P. gingivalis infection may generate citrullinated peptides, which trigger anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies. In susceptible individuals, host protein citrullination by human PADs in the joint probably perpetuates antibody formation, paving the way for the development of chronic arthritis. Blockades of bacterial and human PADs may act as powerful novel therapies by inhibiting the generation of the antigens that trigger and sustain autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselection Effects in the Catalytic Hydroamination/Cyclization of Aminoolefins at Chiral Organolanthanoid Centers. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Recognition of switch layouts in the task of rolling stock positional navigation (2018)

The paper suggests an approach to using the switch layouts to correct the readings of the locomotive navigation system equipped with a vision system. The coordinates of the intersection centers can be obtained from the information of digital road maps, and the current distance to them is calculated from the information of the vision system and the adopted mathematical model of the convergence/divergence of the railways of the turnout switch. The developed algorithm quality is checked on a large amount of full-scale data.
PORT DESIGN AND SHIP CHARACTERISTICS (1986)

The close relationship between ship characteristics and terminal design is recognized and should be considered as integral part of the total transporation. Ship characteristics to be considered are dimensional requirements and constraints, ship handling, and ship motions. Methods of predicting and studying ship dynamics in the port environment are reviewed and are illustrated by the presentation of typical case studies.
Liver Stiffness Measurement Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Elastography to Evaluate the Treatment Response with Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Patients with Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (2012)

Purpose: The development of reliable noninvasive markers is essential to assess the prognosis and treatment response in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). We aim to determine the relationship between liver stiffness assessed by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and treatment response with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in patients with PBC. Methods: A single center, retrospective study of patients with PBC who underwent liver stiffness measurement between November 2007 to December 2011. UDCA was administered at a dose of 13-15 mg/kg/ day. A complete response to UDCA was defined as a reduction in serum alkaline phosphatase to less than 250 U/L [1.76x the upper limit of normal (142U/L)] following a minimum of 180 days of UDCA treatment. Results: Forty-two patients with PBC comprised the study cohort. Mean age was 62 years (37 years, 85 years) with 38 (90%) females. Of the 42 patients, two did not have MRE performed secondary to claustrophobia and were not included in the analysis. Twenty-five patients were on UDCA therapy for greater than 180 days, and 20 patients (80%) fulfilled criteria for a complete response to UDCA. The median pre-treatment serum alkaline phosphatase level of all patients was 410 U/L (184U/L, 1700U/L). Notably, the median alkaline phosphatase level among patients with a complete response was significantly lower (141 U/L vs. 335 U/L, p<0.001) when compared to patients with an incomplete response to UDCA therapy. Among patients with a complete response to UDCA, the median liver stiffness measurement was significantly lower when compared to incomplete responders following at least 180 days of therapy (3.25 kPa vs. 4.1 kPa, p=0.018). Among the 20 complete responders, there were 11 (55%) patients who experienced normalization of serum alkaline phosphatase levels (median 92U/L) after a median of 2085 days (1643 days, 3680 days) follow-up. Furthermore, the median liver stiffness measurement among these 11 patients was similar to all complete responders at 3.2kPa (2.1 kPa,4.4 kPa). Conclusion: 1) Liver stiffness values by MRE are significantly lower among patients with a complete biochemical response to UDCA as compared to incomplete responders. 2) Further studies are needed to validate liver stiffness measurement as a surrogate endpoint for prognosis after treatment with UDCA.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrical Properties of Dense Ce0.9Gd0.1O1.95 Ceramics. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Creating agile organizations through IT: The influence of internal IT service perceptions on IT service quality and IT agility (2017)

Businesses continue to make large investments in information technology (IT) resources, and it is crucial for them to implement effective management strategies to better leverage these resources. Modern organizations are increasingly dependent on IT to remain agile and competitive in a rapidly changing market, but there remain gaps in understanding how IT resources support IT agility. Recent IT strategy research highlights the role of IT service climate in driving positive IT service quality, and we extend this work in the form of a theoretical model that relates an organization's internal IT service perceptions to IT agility. We hypothesize a partially mediated relationship wherein internal IT service perceptions positively affects IT agility, both directly and indirectly, through facilitating positive IT service quality, highlighting the crucial role of IT personnel and their service orientation in provisioning services to enable IT agility. We test our model with an unmatched survey of 400 full-time IT managers and professionals and find strong support for our hypotheses. Our results have important implications for future research and practice, as the IT community continues to seek to adopt effective strategies for managing and leveraging its expensive resources.
Wireless sensors for equipment health and condition monitoring in nuclear power plants (2011)

Analysis and Measurement Services Corporation (AMS) has developed an integrated wireless condition monitoring system for essential equipment in current and next-generation nuclear reactors. This work was funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program. The system was tested to verify its operation using data from wireless sensors installed in a laboratory setup. It was then used in a nuclear power plant where its capability for equipment health monitoring was successfully demonstrated. This project also assessed wireless technology security risks, developing procedures for risk reduction. In addition, AMS examined the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the wireless system with existing plant equipment, resolved implementation issues, developed procedures and guidelines for implementing the system in nuclear power plants, and developed recommendations for integrating wireless equipment in the design of next-generation nuclear reactors.
Organelle Engineering in Yeast: Enhanced Production of Protopanaxadiol through Manipulation of Peroxisome Proliferation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2022)

Isoprenoids, which are natural compounds with diverse structures, possess several biological activities that are beneficial to humans. A major consideration in isoprenoid production in microbial hosts is that the accumulation of biosynthesized isoprenoid within intracellular membranes may impede balanced cell growth, which may consequently reduce the desired yield of the target isoprenoid. As a strategy to overcome this suggested limitation, we selected peroxisome membranes as depots for the additional storage of biosynthesized isoprenoids to facilitate increased isoprenoid production in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>. To maximize the peroxisome membrane storage capacity of <i>S.cerevisiae</i>, the copy number and size of peroxisomes were increased through genetic engineering of the expression of three peroxisome biogenesis-related peroxins (Pex11p, Pex34p, and Atg36p). The genetically enlarged and high copied peroxisomes in <i>S.cerevisiae</i> were stably maintained under a bioreactor fermentation condition. The peroxisome-engineered <i>S.cerevisiae</i> strains were then utilized as host strains for metabolic engineering of heterologous protopanaxadiol pathway. The yields of protopanaxadiol from the engineered peroxisome strains were ca 78% higher than those of the parent strain, which strongly supports the rationale for harnessing the storage capacity of the peroxisome membrane to accommodate the biosynthesized compounds. Consequently, this study presents in-depth knowledge on peroxisome biogenesis engineering in <i>S.cerevisiae</i> and could serve as basic information for improvement in ginsenosides production and as a potential platform to be utilized for other isoprenoids.
Compatibility of highly sulfated cyclodextrin with electrospray ionization at low nanoliter/minute flow rates and its application to capillary electrophoresis/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of cathinone derivatives and their optical isomers (2014)

A novel CE/MS technique has been introduced that combines low-flow sheathless CE/MS, with HS-γ-CD and 15 mM (+)-18-C-6-TCA as the BGE for separation of cathinone derivatives as well as their positional and optical isomers.
Mitogen‐Induced Interleukin 2 and Gamma Interferon Production by CD4+ and CD8+ Cells of Patients with Inflammatory Arthritides. A Comparison between Cells from Synovial Fluid and Peripheral Blood (1989)

The purpose of this study was to investigate interleukin 2 (IL-2) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production by purified CD4+ and CD8+ cells isolated from peripheral blood (PB) and synovial fluid (SF) of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other inflammatory arthritides (non-RA). CD4+ and CD8+ cells were selected positively by immunomagnetic separation. Supernatants of unstimulated CD4+ and CD8+ cells from both compartments did not contain any detectable IL-2 or IFN-gamma, while supernatants of CD4+ and CD8+ cells stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin and irradiated Raji cells mostly contained both cytokines. In vitro stimulated SF CD4+ cells gave supernatants with significantly less IL-2 than supernatants from PB CD4+ cells, while in vitro stimulated SF CD4+-cell supernatants contained significantly more IFN-gamma. SF CD4+-cell supernatants contained significantly more IL-2 than the parallel CD8+ supernatants, while there was no significant difference with regard to IFN-gamma content. The pattern of differences between SF- and PB-derived T cells was the same for the two groups of patients, but the SF CD4+ cells from RA patients produced significantly less IL-2 than the corresponding cells from the non-RA group. The difference between SF and PB T cells with regard to lymphokine production is probably related to various degrees of in vivo pre-activation. The results do not indicate a major T-cell deficiency in relation to lymphokine production in RA.
Structural Studies on Cutinase, a Glycoprotein Containing Novel Amino Acids and Glucuronic Acid Amide at the N Terminus (1980)

Cutinase I and cutinase II, two extracellular enzymes produced by Fusarium solani pisi, were shown to be glycoproteins containing 4.3% and 5.1% carbohydrates, respectively. Upon treatment with alkali both enzymes generated chromophores which absorbed at 241 nm. Treatment of both proteins with alkaline NaB3H4 gave labeled protein and labeled monosaccharides. Hydrolysis of the labeled protein followed by chromatographic and enzymatic analyses of the products showed that alanine, 2-aminobutyrate, phenylalanine, tyrosine and L-gulonic acid accounted for nearly all of the 3H contained in the protein. The four labeled amino acids were shown to be 1:1 mixture of D and L isomers and 3H was nearly equally distributed between alpha and beta positions in each amino acid. The N-terminal amino group of cutinase I did not react with either phenylisothiocyanate of dansyl chloride. This amino group was suggested to be in amide linkage with glucuronic acid because upon treatment of the protein with neutral NaB3H4, gulonic acid attached to the protein became labeled and only gulonic acid was labeled when the protein was deglycosylated with HF prior to alkaline NaB3H4 treatment. Furthermore, N-gulonyglycine was isolated from the pronase digest of the labeled protein. Chromatographic identification and quantification of the labeled carbohydrates released from cutinase I by alkaline NaB3H4 showed that one mole of cutinase I has one mole each of mannose, arabinose, N-acetylglucosamine, and glucuronic acid O-glycosidically linked to serine, threonine, beta-hydroxyphenylalanine, and beta-hydroxytyrosine. In addition, the N-terminal glycine is in amide linkage with glucuronic acid. Since almost identical experimental results were obtained with cutinase II this protein is also suggested to have the same structural features as those suggested above for cutinase I.
The use of capsule IGBTs in the series connection (2000)

High voltage and current capsule IGBTs have become available. However, to work at 3.3 kV AC and above, it is necessary to use the devices connected in series. Whilst multiple level inverter topologies are available, the direct connection of IGBTs remains attractive. However, the direct series connection of modules has not been popular for various reasons. Capsule IGBTs, however, promise to change this situation. One obvious advantage of capsule IGBTs is the ease with which they may be mounted in series strings. To use IGBTs in the series connection it is necessary to consider the problem of voltage sharing between devices in a string. The voltage sharing issue can be divided into two by considering the transient sharing separately from the steady state sharing. Perfectly matched devices will share in all cases provided the gate drives and timing signals are identical, assuming negligible capacitances to ground. However, close matching high current devices in every detail is unrealistic. This paper describes an experimental procedure for series connection of capsule IGBTs under hard switched conditions and under active voltage control.
Excitations in amorphous pyramidally bonded solids. I. Electrons (1978)

The electronic and phonon state densities of amorphous pyramidally bonded solids are calculated. These solids are shown to exhibit a unique isomorphism between the electronic and vibrational state densities. This atypical correspondence between the state densities suggests that a study of the electronic states can be used to understand the vibrational states. Arsenic, which epitomizes pyramidally bonded solids, is chosen as a prototype. Our results reproduce the trends founds in the x-ray photoemission data (XPS) for rhombohedral and amorphous As. The effects of bond-angle variations and topological disorder upon the $s$- and $p$ -like regions of the XPS spectra are investigated. A prescription is given by which the behavior of the $p$-like electrons in pyramidally bonded solids can be understood in terms of the behavior of the $s$-like electrons.