gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-related changes in platelet function are more profound in women than in men (2015)

Age is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), however the effect of age on platelet function remains unclear. Ideally, platelet function should be assayed under flow and shear conditions that occur in vivo. Our study aimed to characterise the effect of age on platelet translocation behaviour using a novel flow-based assay that measures platelet function in less than 200 μl of blood under conditions of arterial shear. Blood from males (n = 53) and females (n = 56), ranging in age from 19-82 and 21-70 respectively were perfused through custom-made parallel plate flow chambers coated with immobilised human von Willebrand Factor (VWF) under arterial shear (1,500 s(-1)). Platelet translocation behaviour on VWF was recorded by digital-image microscopy and analysed. The study showed that aging resulted in a significant decrease in the number of platelet tracks, translocating platelets and unstable platelet interactions with VWF. These age related changes in platelet function were more profound in women than in men indicating that age and gender significantly impacts on platelet interactions with VWF.
Studies on Active Species for Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO on Alumina-Supported Cobalt Oxide Catalysts (1998)

Abstract Alumina-supported cobalt oxide catalysts were prepared by three different methods: The impregnation and sol/gel methods using either an acid or a base as a precipitant. The catalysts prepared by sol/gel methods, followed by calcination at 773 K, exhibited a significant activity for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with propene as a reductant. The catalyst prepared by impregnation showed poor activity when it was calcined at 773 K, but exhibited enhanced activity when calcined at 1073 K. This is attributed to tiny CoAl2O4 crystallites formed during calcination of the catalyst at 1073 K. However, in sol/gel catalysts, finely-divided CoAl2O4 crystallites were formed during calcination, even at 773 K, because of the high dispersion of Co ions in the alumina support. Thus, the active species of alumina-supported cobalt oxide catalysts for SCR of NO with propene were concluded to be tiny CoAl2O4 crystallites dispersed on alumina.
Nothing like data showing significant death reduction can better support prostate cancer screening (2015)

Nothing like data showing significant death reduction can better support prostate cancer screening
On Optimality Criteria for Reverse Charging of Electric Vehicles (2013)

Ever increasing expectations regarding the penetration level of electric vehicles (EVs) are driving several areas of research related to EV charging. One topic of interest treats EVs not only as controllable loads but also as storage systems, which can be used to mitigate the load on the grid during peak times by offering power. This is known as vehicle to grid (V2G). Since returning energy to the grid affects mobility patterns, V2G has an associated environmental cost. In this paper, to investigate this issue, we formulate the problem of returning electrical load to the grid as an optimization whose goal is to return the desired energy in a fashion that minimizes the cost on the environment. We show that this optimization is highly complex, and in some circumstances, the cost of V2G can be prohibitive.
Posttransfusion anaphylactic reactions in a patient with severe von Willebrand disease: role of complement and alloantibodies to von Willebrand factor. (1995)

Previous studies have suggested that activation of the complement system might be a major mechanism for posttransfusion non-immunoglobulin (Ig) E-mediated anaphylactic reactions, but its causative effect has not been clearly demonstrated in human models. Serial plasma samples were collected from a patient with severe von Willebrand disease, IgG alloantibodies against von Willebrand factor (vWF), and a history of posttransfusion anaphylaxis. During an 18-day period the patient was treated with factor VIII-vWF concentrate and with recombinant factor VIII. Complement system activation was assessed from plasma levels of C4a, C3a, cleavage products of complement factor B, soluble terminal complement complex, C1 inhibitor and C4-binding protein, and the contact phase of coagulation was assessed from plasma levels of activated factor XII and cleaved high-molecular-weight kininogen. Plasma levels of antibodies to vWF and complement-fixing IgG-vWF complexes were also evaluated. Symptoms of anaphylaxis and signs of complement activation were present only when IgG antibodies to vWF were measurable during replacement with factor VIII-vWF concentrate (days 1 and 6). IgE, IgA, and IgM antibodies to vWF were not detectable in plasma at any time. Replacement with recombinant factor VIII (days 7 to 18) secured hemostasis and did not elicit anaphylactic reactions, and complement parameters did not significantly change even when antibodies to vWF reached peak plasma levels. This prospective study of a natural clinical model indicates a cause-effect relationship between formation of IgG-vWF complexes and massive complement activation in posttransfusion non-IgE-mediated anaphylactic reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Phosphorus adsorption and regeneration of electric arc furnace steel slag as wetland medium]. (2008)

The long-term phosphorus (P) adsorption and retention capacities of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag materials derived from one batch and a 278-d column experiments with a synthetic P solution were compared. The investigations of the regeneration of the P adsorption capacity by water level decrease was conducted. It was revealed column experiment on a long-term basis can determine P saturation of EAF accurately. And the results can be used for realistic estimations of constructed wetland systems (CWS) longevity. EAF slag showed a high afinity for P, reaching a saturation value of 1.65 g/kg. Regeneration experiment of the P adsorbing capacity by this material showed that, after 4 weeks of water level decrease, EAF steel slag was able to increase its initial P adsorption capacity to 2.65 g/kg. A sequential P fractionation experiment was performed to quantify the proportion of P bound to mineral compounds in EAF. From the most loosely bound to the most strongly bound P fraction, P1 was associated with resin extractable (13%), Fe extractable (0.5 mol/L Na2CO3, 39%), Al extractable (0.1 mol/L NaOH, 21%), Ca extractable (1 mol/L HCl, 13%), and Ca in a stable residual pool (concentrated hot HCl, 14%). X-ray fluorescence analyses of EAF steel slag chemical composition revealed that the continuous application of a P solution resulted in 300% and 170% increases in K2O and P2O5, respectively. Al2O3 and FeO increased by 8%, while the portion of CaO remained unchanged. The investigated properties (P retention potential, regeneration of P adsorption, P fractionation) provide useful data about the suitability of slag material as a media for longterm P removal and dry-wet operation can improve P retention capacity of EAF to prolong the longevity of full-scale CWS.
Planning for human-robot teaming in open worlds (2010)

As the number of applications for human-robot teaming continue to rise, there is an increasing need for planning technologies that can guide robots in such teaming scenarios. In this article, we focus on adapting planning technology to Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) with a human-robot team. We start by showing that several aspects of state-of-the-art planning technology, including temporal planning, partial satisfaction planning, and replanning, can be gainfully adapted to this scenario. We then note that human-robot teaming also throws up an additional critical challenge, namely, enabling existing planners, which work under closed-world assumptions, to cope with the open worlds that are characteristic of teaming problems such as USAR. In response, we discuss the notion of conditional goals, and describe how we represent and handle a specific class of them called open world quantified goals. Finally, we describe how the planner, and its open world extensions, are integrated into a robot control architecture, and provide an empirical evaluation over USAR experimental runs to establish the effectiveness of the planning components.
Extension of Euler’s Principal Axes to Articulated Inertia (1996)

Abstract An effective inertia of a serially jointed chain of bodies, such as a robotic arm, is often referred to as the articulated or operational space inertia. Six principal axes and six principal values of inertia are proposed to decouple articulated inertia into geometric and constitutive properties respectively. In the case of a single rigid body, these concepts naturally coincide with familiar descriptions of inertia.
Modification of the transglucosylation properties of α-glucosidases from Aspergillus oryzae and Aspergillus sojae via a single critical amino acid replacement (2021)

We constructed enzyme variants of the α-glucosidases from Aspergillus oryzae (AoryAgdS) and Aspergillus sojae (AsojAgdL) by mutating the amino acid residue at position 450. AoryAgdS_H450R acquired the ability to produce considerable amounts of α-1,6-transglucosylation products, whereas AsojAgdL_R450H changed to produce more α-1,3- and α-1,4-transglucosylation products than α-1,6-products. The 450th amino acid residue is critical for the transglucosylation of these α-glucosidases.
Starch/Alkane Diol Materials: Unexpected Ultraporous Surfaces, Near-Isoporous Cores, and Films Moving on Water (2020)

The aim of this study was to find alternative starch plasticizers to glycerol that yielded a less tacky material in high-moisture conditions without leading to starch crystallization. A range of glycerol films containing different potential plasticizers (linear alkane diols) were therefore produced, and it was shown that 1,3-propanediol, in combination with glycerol, was a possible solution to the problem. Several additional interesting features of the starch films were however also revealed. The larger diols, instead of showing plasticizing features, yielded a variety of unexpected structures and film properties. Films with 1,6-hexanediol and 1,7-heptanediol showed an ultraporous film surface and near-isoporous core. The most striking feature was that starch films with these two diols moved/rotated over the surface when placed on water, with no other stimulus than the interaction with water. Films with 1,8-octanediol and 1,10-decanediol did not show these features, but there was clear evidence of a structure with phase-separated crystallized diol in a starch matrix, as observed in high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images.
LVRT capability enhancement for grid connected distributed synchronous generators using switch-in braking resistors (2017)

The low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability is one of the critical requirements for distributed power generator connecting to power grid in many distribution codes, especially for the power grids with high penetration of distributed power generation. There has been much research conducted on LVRT capability enhancement for wind and solar power generators. This paper studies the applicability and the effects on LVRT capability enhancement for distributed synchronous generator by three methods which are generally applied for transient stability enhancement and current limiting purpose. The methods are inertia increment, series braking resistor and neutral connected braking resistor.
Modeling and Characterization of a Valved Glaucoma Drainage Device With Implications for Enhanced Therapeutic Efficacy (2005)

We report on modeling and bench test results targeted at better understanding of valved glaucoma drainage devices (GDDs), a common current surgical treatment for glaucoma. A simple equivalent circuit is described to model fluid mechanical behavior of the aqueous humor in an eye with glaucoma, both before and after implantation of a valved GDD. Finite element method simulations (FEM), based on the lubrication-von Kármán model, are then performed to analyze the valve's mechanical and fluidic performance. Using nanoporous membranes to mimic the in vivo fibrous capsule, we have developed a microfluidic bench test to simulate the aqueous humor flow and the post-implantation fibrous tissue encapsulation around the GDD back plate. Our numerical and bench test results show that, contrary to the prevailing belief, the valve significantly contributes to the total pressure drop even after fibrous capsule formation. Furthermore, we show that bypassing the valve through a simple polyimide tube insertion will dramatically lower the intraocular pressure (IOP) after fibrous capsule formation. This may offer a new treatment option in some patients with advanced glaucoma.
Preclinical evaluation of investigational radiopharmaceutical RISAD-P intended for use as a diagnostic and molecular radiotherapy agent for prostate cancer (2014)

Biodistribution, toxicity, and radiation dosimetry studies suggest that RISAD-P holds characteristics of a promising candidate for imaging of AR expression and tumor proliferation, as well as molecular radiotherapy for metastatic or locally, regionally advanced prostate cancer.
Interleukin‐15 up‐regulates interleukin‐2 receptor α chain but down‐regulates its own high‐affinity binding sites on human T and B cells (1996)

The cytokines interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-15 share many biological activities as a consequence of their utilization of the beta and gamma chains of the IL-2 receptor. However, each cytokine binds to a specific receptor alpha chain; IL-2 with low affinity and IL-15 with high affinity. Here, we demonstrate that IL-15, like IL-2, up-regulates expression of IL-2R alpha on human T and B cells, but rapidly down-regulates IL-15 high-affinity binding sites, which represent IL-15R alpha. This leads to a decreased responsiveness to IL-15 as measured by induction of Jak3 tyrosine phosphorylation. These results suggest a mechanism by which IL-15, a product of activated macrophages, may cooperate with IL-2 at the initiation of an immune response and enhance subsequent IL-2 responsiveness during T cell expansion.
Identification of a clade A HIV envelope immunogen from Protocol G that elicits neutralizing antibodies to tier 2 viruses (2012)

Background Broadly neutralizing antibodies PG9 and PG16 have been isolated from the B cells of one clade A-infected individual from IAVI Protocol G. PG16 is relatively trimer-specific whereas PG9 binds trimer preferentially, but can bind monomeric gp120 from several viral isolates. Both antibodies are potent neutralizers that recognize greater than 70% of tier 2 pseudovirues in the TZM-bl assay. We sought to begin immunogen design efforts based on sequences from the Protocol G donor, however all viruses isolated from the donor were resistant to neutralization by PG9 and PG16. We used a bioinformatics approach to infer the most recent common ancestor (MRCA) sequence for the viral envelope (Env) to identify closely related viruses sensitive to PG9/16.
Histologic Grading of Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Can Be Further Optimized (2016)

Histologic grading remains the gold standard for prognosis in prostate cancer, and assessment of Gleason score plays a critical role in active surveillance management. We sought to optimize the prognostic stratification of grading and developed a method of recording and studying individual architectural patterns by light microscopic evaluation that is independent of standard Gleason grade. Some of the evaluated patterns are not assessed by current Gleason grading (eg, reactive stromal response). Individual histologic patterns were correlated with recurrence-free survival in a retrospective postradical prostatectomy cohort of 1275 patients represented by the highest-grade foci of carcinoma in tissue microarrays. In univariable analysis, fibromucinous rupture with varied epithelial complexity had a significantly lower relative risk of recurrence-free survival in cases graded as 3+4=7. Cases having focal "poorly formed glands," which could be designated as pattern 3+4=7, had lower risk than cribriform patterns with either small cribriform glands or expansile cribriform growth. In separate multivariable Cox proportional hazard analyses of both Gleason score 3+3=6 and 3+4=7 carcinomas, reactive stromal patterns were associated with worse recurrence-free survival. Decision tree models demonstrate potential regrouping of architectural patterns into categories with similar risk. In summary, we argue that Gleason score assignment by current consensus guidelines are not entirely optimized for clinical use, including active surveillance. Our data suggest that focal poorly formed gland and cribriform patterns, currently classified as Gleason pattern 4, should be in separate prognostic groups, as the latter is associated with worse outcome. Patterns with extravasated mucin are likely overgraded in a subset of cases with more complex epithelial bridges, whereas stromogenic cancers have a worse outcome than conveyed by Gleason grade alone. These findings serve as a foundation to facilitate optimization of histologic grading and strongly support incorporating reactive stroma into routine assessment.
Ex Vivo Profiling of PD-1 Blockade Using Organotypic Tumor Spheroids (2017)

<i>Ex vivo</i> systems that incorporate features of the tumor microenvironment and model the dynamic response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) may facilitate efforts in precision immuno-oncology and the development of effective combination therapies. Here, we demonstrate the ability to interrogate <i>ex vivo</i> response to ICB using murine- and patient-derived organotypic tumor spheroids (MDOTS/PDOTS). MDOTS/PDOTS isolated from mouse and human tumors retain autologous lymphoid and myeloid cell populations and respond to ICB in short-term three-dimensional microfluidic culture. Response and resistance to ICB was recapitulated using MDOTS derived from established immunocompetent mouse tumor models. MDOTS profiling demonstrated that TBK1/IKKε inhibition enhanced response to PD-1 blockade, which effectively predicted tumor response <i>in vivo</i> Systematic profiling of secreted cytokines in PDOTS captured key features associated with response and resistance to PD-1 blockade. Thus, MDOTS/PDOTS profiling represents a novel platform to evaluate ICB using established murine models as well as clinically relevant patient specimens.<b>Significance:</b> Resistance to PD-1 blockade remains a challenge for many patients, and biomarkers to guide treatment are lacking. Here, we demonstrate feasibility of <i>ex vivo</i> profiling of PD-1 blockade to interrogate the tumor immune microenvironment, develop therapeutic combinations, and facilitate precision immuno-oncology efforts. <i>Cancer Discov; 8(2); 196-215. ©2017 AACR.</i><i>See related commentary by Balko and Sosman, p. 143</i><i>See related article by Deng et al., p. 216</i><i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 127</i>.
Backside EBR process performance with various wafer properties (2009)

In immersion lithography process, film stacking architecture will be necessary to avoid top coat film peeling. To achieve suitable stacking architecture for immersion lithography process, an EBR process that delivers tightly controlled film edge position and good uniformity around the wafer circumference is needed. We demonstrated a new bevel rinse system on a SOKUDO RF3 coat-and-develop track for immersion lithography. The performance of the new bevel rinse system for various wafer properties was evaluated. It was found that the bevel rinse system has a good controllability of film edge position and good uniformity around the wafer circumference. The results indicate that the bevel rinse system has a large margin for wafer centering accuracy, back side particles, wafer shape and substrates with good film edge position controllability, uniformity and clean apex. The system has been demonstrated to provide a suitable film stacking architecture for immersion lithography mass production process.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of 3‐Substituted 1H‐Indoles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Free-Solution Oligonucleotide Separation in Nanoscale Channels (2007)

In this paper, we report an experimental study of electrokinetic transport and separation of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) oligonucleotides in custom-fabricated fused-silica nanochannels filled with a gel-free sodium borate aqueous buffer. Mixtures of fluorescently labeled dsDNA molecules in the range of 10-100 base pair (bp), fluorescein, and fluorescein-12-UTP (UTP) were separated in less than 120 s in channels of depth ranging from 40 to 1560 nm. We varied the channel depth and background buffer concentration to achieve a 0.006-0.2 range of Debye length-to-channel-half-depth ratio (lambdaD/h), and a 0.004-1.7 range of the ratio of length of dsDNA molecule to channel half-depth (l/h). We find observed oligonucleotide migration times depend on both l/h and lambdaD/h. Electrophoretic mobility estimates agree well with published (micrometer-scale channel) values for background electrolyte (BGE) concentrations greater than approximately 10 mM. At BGE concentrations of 1 and 5 mM, mobility estimates in our nanochannels are higher than published values. Of the cases studied, the highest separation sensitivities were achieved in 100 nm channels with 1-10 mM ion density buffers. Potential applications of this technology include rapid small-scale sequencing and other fluorescence-based oligonucleotide separation and detection assays.
Quantitative, experimentally-validated, model of MoS2 nanoribbon Schottky field-effect transistors from subthreshold to saturation (2020)

We investigate the channel length dependence of the electrical characteristics of chemical vapor transport (CVT)-grown MoS2 nanoribbon (NR) Schottky barrier field-effect transistors to provide insights into the transport properties of such nanostructures. The MoS2 NRs form spontaneously during the CVT growth, without the application of etching. Back gated transmission line measurement FETs were fabricated on a 45μm-long NR with channel lengths ranging between 200 nm and 3μm. Contact and sheet resistances were extracted from the electrical measurements and their back-gate bias dependence was analyzed. Numerical modeling based on a virtual probe approach combined with the Landauer formalism shows excellent agreement with the measurements. The model enables a quantitative extraction of the intrinsic FET properties, e.g., mean-free-path and electron mobility, and their dependence on carrier density and investigation of plausible trap distributions. A record electron mobility for a MoS2 NR channel of ∼81cm2/Vs was achieved.
Construction of Fused Medium‐Ring Carbocycles by Catalytic Generation and Rearrangement of Oxonium Ylides (2005)

Abstract Fused carbocyclic systems containing seven‐ and eight‐membered rings can be constructed from allylic ethers in a stereoselective manner by tandem carbenoid generation, ylide formation and [2,3] rearrangement. Exceptionally high yields are obtained in cases where the substrate possesses favourable relative stereochemistry. The dienes resulting from [2,3] rearrangement of gem ‐divinyl ylides undergo Diels–Alder cycloaddition with reactive dienophiles at room temperature. Ylide formation, rearrangement and cycloaddition can be performed in a one‐pot process to generate complex tetracyclic systems in a highly stereoselective manner. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)