gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deconstructing storage arrays (2004)

We introduce Shear, a user-level software tool that characterizes RAID storage arrays. Shear employs a set of controlled algorithms combined with statistical techniques to automatically determine the important properties of a RAID system, including the number of disks, chunk size, level of redundancy, and layout scheme. We illustrate the correctness of Shear by running it upon numerous simulated configurations, and then verify its real-world applicability by running Shear on both software-based and hardware-based RAID systems. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of Shear through three case studies. First, we show how Shear can be used in a storage management environment to verify RAID construction and detect failures. Second, we demonstrate how Shear can be used to extract detailed characteristics about the individual disks within an array. Third, we show how an operating system can use Shear to automatically tune its storage subsystems to specific RAID configurations.
Neutralization of Omicron sublineages and Deltacron SARS-CoV-2 by three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine or BA.1 infection (2022)

Distinct SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages have evolved showing increased fitness and immune evasion than the original Omicron variant BA.1. Here, we report the neutralization activity of sera from BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals or unimmunized Omicron BA.1-infected individuals against Omicron sublineages and "Deltacron" variant (XD). BNT162b2 post-dose 3 immune sera neutralized USA-WA1/2020, Omicron BA.1-, BA.2-, BA.2.12.1-, BA.3-, BA.4/5-, and XD-spike SARS-CoV-2s with geometric mean titres (GMTs) of 1335, 393, 298, 315, 216, 103, and 301, respectively; thus, BA.4/5 SARS-CoV-2 spike variant showed the highest propensity to evade vaccine neutralization compared to the original Omicron variants BA.1. BA.1-convalescent sera neutralized USA-WA1/2020, BA.1-, BA.2-, BA.2.12.1-, BA.3-, BA.4/5-, and Deltacron-spike SARS-CoV-2s with GMTs of 15, 430, 110, 109, 102, 25, and 284, respectively. The unique mutation F486V in the BA.4/5 spike contributes to the increased evasion of antibody neutralization by sublineage BA.4/5. The low neutralization titres of vaccinated sera or convalescent sera from BA.1 infected individuals against the emerging and rapidly spreading Omicron BA.4/5 variants provide important results for consideration in the selection of an updated vaccine in the current Omicron wave.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov; identifier: NCT04368728.
Development of a multi-purpose, flexible and scalable data acquisition system for DOI-PET (2015)

1840 Objectives Depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement, which reduces the parallax error, is desirable not only for reducing resolution loss at the peripheral region but also for enabling unusual, dedicated detector-arrangement in PET. However practical use of DOI detectors has not been achieved in clinical scanners. In this paper, therefore, we develop a multi-purpose, flexible and scalable DOI detector system, and it is used to develop two world’s first PET scanners, the OpenPET and the helmet-chin PET. OpenPET, which consists of two axially separated detector rings, is originally proposed for in situ visualization of irradiation field in particle therapy. On the other hand, the helmet-chin PET, in which additional “chin strap” detectors assist a hemisphere detector unit, is proposed as the most efficient geometry for brain imaging. Methods For both scanners, the DOI detectors consist of 1024 Zr-doped GSO crystals which are arranged in 4 layers of 16 × 16 arrays, coupled to a 64-ch flat panel PMT. Each crystal element is 2.8 × 2.8 × 7.5 mm3. Front-end circuit equipped only resister chain and amplifier and the data acquisition (DAQ) system was separated from the gantry by 15-m coaxial cables for protecting electronics circuits from radiation damage by secondary particles. Also, the DAQ system has no coincidence circuit and only the singles list-mode DAQ circuits. Singles data are multiplexed and stored in a single PC through the optical cable. The assumed maximum data transfer rate of this DAQ system is 100 Mcps. The DAQ system makes a judgment on coincidence based on software. Results For the whole-body OpenPET, count rate performance was measured by the cylinder phantom. This phantom activity was 257 MBq. Measurement time was 60 s at 20 min intervals. Singles data loss was under 8%. Also, calculation time of the coincidence process was less than the measurement time less than 250 MBq. Conclusions We developed the flexible DAQ system and showed that the DAQ system had sufficient performance. Research Support In the whole-body OpenPET, this scanner design has 2 separated rings. Each ring has 2 detector rings of 40 detector blocks. The ring diameter is 660 mm, and the distance between separated rings, which can be controlled, is 90 mm. In the Helmet-Chin PET, 47 DOI detectors were used to form a hemisphere of 25 cm inner diameter and 50 cm outer diameter, and 7 DOI detectors were used for the chin strap.
Comparison of Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithms to Solve the Modular Cell Design Problem for Novel Biocatalysis (2019)

Abstract A large space of chemicals with broad industrial and consumer applications could be synthesized by engineered microbial biocatalysts. However, the current strain optimization process is prohibitively laborious and costly to produce one target chemical and often requires new engineering efforts to produce new molecules. To tackle this challenge, modular cell design based on a chassis strain that can be combined with different product synthesis pathway modules has been recently proposed. This approach seeks to minimize unexpected failure and avoid task repetition, leading to a more robust and faster strain engineering process. The modular cell design problem was mathematically formulated using a multi-objective optimization framework.[1] In this study, we evaluated a library of the state-of-the-art multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) to identify the most effective method to solve the modular cell design problem. Using the best MOEA, we found better solutions for modular cells compatible with many product synthesis modules. Furthermore, the best performing algorithm could provide better and more diverse design options that might help increase the likelihood of successful experimental implementation. We identified key parameter configurations to overcome the difficulty associated with multi-objective optimization problems with many competing design objectives. Interestingly, we found that MOEA performance with a real application problem, e.g., the modular strain design problem, does not always correlate with artificial benchmarks. Overall, MOEAs provide powerful tools to solve the modular cell design problem for novel biocatalysis.
Statistical characterization of very low frequency communication channels at ocean basin-scales (2007)

The bit rate for incoherent communication is estimated for low frequency sounds (75 Hz, 0.03 s resolution) transmitted 3115 km between a bottom-mounted source and a towed array. A model for short term fluctuations of sound agrees with measurements without tuning the model to the data. In particular, measured and modeled probability distributions for multipath coherence time and amplitude fluctuations are similar. Temporal evolution of the oceanographic component of the model is governed by the linear dispersion relation for internal gravity waves. The acoustic component of the model is based on the sound-speed insensitive parabolic approximation. This is the third attempt to use the model to predict short-term acoustic fluctuations at basin-scales. All three attempts yielded results similar to measurements. If further comparisons between the model and data are successful, the model could be used to design and implement low frequency communication systems. A simulation yields 4 bits per second for a Benthos modem using an incoherent communication scheme via frequency shift keying. [Work supported by the ONR.]
Dispersion in media containing resonant inclusions: where does it come from? (2012)

Propagation media containing resonant inclusions have been studied for over a century in acoustics, electromagnetism or solid state physics. There exist some in nature, such as dielectrics, which contain enormous amounts of atoms. To calculate those materials permittivities one considers that each atom “sees” the same electromagnetic field and calculates the average field that takes into account an incoming wave as well as the overall response of the ensemble of atoms [1]. This macroscopic view assumes that there is no variations of the electromagnetic field at the scale of the inter-atomic distance.
Gonadotropin Surge-Attenuating Factor Bioactivity in Serum from Superovulated Women is not Blocked by Inhibin Antibody1 (1995)

Primary pituitary cultures from adult female rats were used to investigate gonadotropin surge attenuating factor (GnSAF) bioactivity. Serum from superovulated women was charcoal-treated and incubated with either an inhibin antibody (MC4), normal sheep serum (NSS), or serum-free defined medium (SFDM) before addition to cell culture. The reduction in GnRH-induced LH secretion (GnSAF bioactivity) produced by the serum (30.1 +/- 6.5%, p < 0.001, of control) was not altered by prior incubation with either MC4 or NSS (24.9 +/- 3.6 and 23.2 +/- 2.7%, p < 0.001, of control, respectively). This indicates that GnSAF bioactivity present in serum from superovulated women is not entirely attributable to inhibin. Recombinant human inhibin reduced basal FSH secretion to 24.6 +/- 4.7% (p < 0.001) of the control value. However, this was totally abolished by prior incubation with MC4, but not NSS. We have also shown that ovarian steroids are not responsible for GnSAF bioactivity in vitro. In conclusion, in contrast to findings in superovulated rats, inhibin antibody did not block GnSAF bioactivity in serum from superovulated women.
Th1 cytokines, programmed cell death, and alloreactive T cell clone size in transplant tolerance (2002)

The Th1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN-gamma, which inhibit T cell proliferation and promote activation induced cell death, may be required to diminish alloreactive T cell numbers and to foster tolerance across full allogeneic barriers. However, we hypothesized that these cytokines might be dispensable when the alloreactive T cell clone size is relatively small, as is seen in recipients of minor-mismatched grafts. We show that alloreactive T cell clone size of C57BL/6 mice against multiple minor-mismatched 129X1/sv mice was approximately 4-9-fold smaller than that against MHC-mismatched BALB/c mice. In the MHC-mismatched combination, CD28-B7 blockade by CTLA4Ig induced long-term graft survival in wild-type recipients, but this treatment was ineffective in IFNgamma(-/-) or IL-2(-/-) recipients. In contrast, in the minor-mismatched combination, CTLA4Ig induced long-term allograft survival in wild-type, IFNgamma(-/-), and IL-2(-/-) recipients. Bcl-x(L) transgenic animals, which are defective in "passive" T cell death, are likewise sensitive to the effects of CTLA4Ig only in the setting of the minor-mismatch grafts. Therefore, the alloreactive T cell clone size is an important determinant affecting the need for Th1 cytokines and T cell death in tolerance induction. These data have implications for the design of tolerance strategies in transplant recipients with varying degrees of MHC mismatching.
Time-resolved infrared spectroscopic study of the switching dynamics of a surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal (2002)

The orientation dynamics of a ferroelectric liquid crystal with a naphthalene ring (FLC-3) during the electric-field-induced switching between two surface-stabilized states was investigated by means of time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Time-resolved infrared spectra of the planar-aligned cell of FLC-3 were measured as a function of the polarization angle ranging from 0 degree to 180 degrees under a rectangular electric field +/-40 V with a 5-kHz repetition rate in the smectic-C* (Sm-C*) phase at 137 degrees C. From these spectra details about the mutual arrangement of different molecular segments at all the delay times in the Sm-C* phase were derived. It was found that the C=O group in the core moiety exhibits a dynamical behavior different from that in the chiral moiety during the electric-field-induced switching between the two surface-stabilized states. The most important finding in the present study is that during the electric-field-induced switching the FLC molecule not only rotates around the layer normal, but also revolves around its own long axis. Furthermore, time-resolved infrared spectroscopy revealed that each group in the core moiety passes almost simultaneously through the projection of the layer normal in the cell window during the dynamic switching.
Coupling Capillary Zone Electrophoresis to a Q Exactive HF Mass Spectrometer for Top-down Proteomics: 580 Proteoform Identifications from Yeast (2016)

We used reversed-phase liquid chromatography to separate the yeast proteome into 23 fractions. These fractions were then analyzed using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) coupled to a Q-Exactive HF mass spectrometer using an electrokinetically pumped sheath flow interface. The parameters of the mass spectrometer were first optimized for top-down proteomics using a mixture of seven model proteins; we observed that intact protein mode with a trapping pressure of 0.2 and normalized collision energy of 20% produced the highest intact protein signals and most protein identifications. Then, we applied the optimized parameters for analysis of the fractionated yeast proteome. From this, 580 proteoforms and 180 protein groups were identified via database searching of the MS/MS spectra. This number of proteoform identifications is two times larger than that of previous CZE-MS/MS studies. An additional 3,243 protein species were detected based on the parent ion spectra. Post-translational modifications including N-terminal acetylation, signal peptide removal, and oxidation were identified.
Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy and systemic lupus erythematosus (2014)

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) associated with antiphospholipid syndrome can have ocular complications. We report a 44-year-old Chinese lady with recurrent relapses of SLE and antiphospholipid syndrome with high disease activity, presenting with visual distortion in her right eye for 2 months. There was subretinal hemorrhage in her right eye, confirmed on investigations to be choroidal neovascularization secondary to a variant of age-related macular degeneration known as polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy resolved her eye condition. SLE could be associated with PCV via common mechanisms, including complement pathway activation and vasculitis involving the choroidal circulation.
Strictly co-isogenic C57BL/6J-Prnp−/− mice: A rigorous resource for prion science (2016)

Although its involvement in prion replication and neurotoxicity during transmissible spongiform encephalopathies is undisputed, the physiological role of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) remains enigmatic. A plethora of functions have been ascribed to PrP(C) based on phenotypes of Prnp(-/-) mice. However, all currently available Prnp(-/-) lines were generated in embryonic stem cells from the 129 strain of the laboratory mouse and mostly crossed to non-129 strains. Therefore, Prnp-linked loci polymorphic between 129 and the backcrossing strain resulted in systematic genetic confounders and led to erroneous conclusions. We used TALEN-mediated genome editing in fertilized mouse oocytes to create the Zurich-3 (ZH3) Prnp-ablated allele on a pure C57BL/6J genetic background. Genomic, transcriptional, and phenotypic characterization of Prnp(ZH3/ZH3) mice failed to identify phenotypes previously described in non-co-isogenic Prnp(-/-) mice. However, aged Prnp(ZH3/ZH3) mice developed a chronic demyelinating peripheral neuropathy, confirming the crucial involvement of PrP(C) in peripheral myelin maintenance. This new line represents a rigorous genetic resource for studying the role of PrP(C) in physiology and disease.
Hemogram of rats treated with multiple doses of Phe-Ala-PQ or PQ (n = 30, mean ±CI 95). (2015)

a&lt;p&gt;: p&lt;0.05 compared with control group;&lt;/p&gt;b&lt;p&gt;: p&lt;0.05 compared with PQ group.&lt;/p&gt;
Wetting Properties of Steel Surfaces Modified by Laser Interference Metallurgy (2012)

Abstract The wetting properties of 100Cr6 bearing steel surfaces modified using laser interference metallurgy (LIMET) are analyzed. The steel surfaces are structured with line‐like patterns with line‐spacing. The topography of the ridged surface is analyzed by means of white light interferometry and scanning electron microscopy and surface chemistry of the different topographic regions by Raman spectroscopy. Contact angle (CA) measurements are performed on modified and non‐irradiated surfaces, using bi‐distilled water and FVA2 industrial oil. The angles are measured parallel and perpendicular to the line‐pattern orientation. The topographical analysis shows steep line‐pattern produced by laser. Raman analysis indicates that the laser irradiation does not significantly change the chemical species of the modified surfaces. The CA measurements elucidates that the parallel orientation provides a better wetting of the surface, because the laser line‐pattern acts as capillary flow channels, whereas the perpendicular orientation imposes energy barrier thus preventing wetting. As expected, the wetting coverage is more effective for larger than for smaller periodic structures, due to the larger area of flat contact. These novel results highlight the relevant use of LIMET to tailor the wetting properties of steel surfaces.
Robust Decision-Feedback Equalization with a Noncausal Filter for ATSC DTV Receivers (2006)

This paper presents a robust decision-feedback equalization method for 8-VSB DTV receivers under severe channel environments where a 0-dB ghost exists. Noncausal filtering is employed to make a severe channel be mild. Simulation results show that the proposed method has more stable convergence than existing decision-feedback equalization schemes.
Colonization of the Human Oral Cavity by a Streptococcus mutans Mutant Producing Increased Bacteriocin (1987)

Streptococcus mutans strain JH1005 is a mutant that produces levels of bacteriocin activity three-fold-elevated than those produced by its parent, JH1001. A single infection regimen with JH1005 was found to result in persistent colonization of the teeth of all three adult subjects tested. This is a significant improvement over JH1001, which required multiple exposures in order to colonize the teeth of humans reliably. The levels of total cultivable bacteria and indigenous S. sanguis were not affected by JH1005 colonization. In two of the three subjects, total (indigenous plus JH1005) S. mutans levels were significantly decreased. The results provide additional support for the role of bacteriocin production as an ecological determinant in colonization by S. mutans. They also indicate that a practical regimen for infection by an effector strain might be achieved for use in the replacement therapy of dental caries.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effect of a Not Cross-Linked Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel on Human Keratinocytes for Mesotherapy (2021)

The multicomponent preparations for mesotherapy are based on the principle that skin and hair aging can be prevented by supplying the fundamental substrates for correct cellular functioning, such as nucleotides, vitamins, amino acids, and biomolecules including hyaluronic acid (HA) that promote skin hydration and several biological activities. The study provides evidence for the application of HYDRO DELUXE BIO (Matex Lab S.p.A), a biocompatible hydrogel containing not cross-linked HA, for the treatment of the scalp's skin by mesotherapy. Using an in vitro model of immortalized human keratinocytes, we studied markers involved in hair aging prevention and growth, such as inflammatory markers, angiogenesis, and oxidative damage. HYDRO DELUXE BIO showed high biocompatibility and the ability to significantly reduce the expression of the inflammation marker interleukin (IL)-8 in Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-stimulated cells. Then, we evaluated angiogenesis, a pivotal event during hair growth, measuring the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) expression that resulted to be significantly increased in treated cells, suggesting a pro-angiogenetic capability. A protective activity against the oxidative stress agent was showed, increasing the survival rate in treated cells. Concluding, HYDRO DELUXE BIO is suitable for treatment by mesotherapy of the scalp's skin as it modulates the expression levels of markers involved in the biorevitalization of the hair follicle.
Passive decay heat removal in the PeBR concept for nuclear thermal propulsion (1992)

Passive decay heat removal enhances the safety of a nuclear propelled spacecraft and could increase its Isp by up to 4 percent. The large height‐to‐diameter ratio (≳1.5) of the PeBR provides an effective means for passive removal of decay heat from the reactor core after firing. A multi‐dimensional transient heat conduction/radiation model of the PeBR core and surrounding structures is developed to investigate the potential for passive decay heat removal. The effective conductance of the core region includes both conduction and radiation contributions and the thermophysical properties of the fuel and core structure materials are taken to be temperature dependent. Results indicate that passive decay heat removal, following a short period of active cooling (600–1000 seconds), would maintain the PeBR core safely coolable with the peak fuel temperature well below 3400 K.
Sur la prétendue existence de composés de l'uranium bivalent (1938)

Abstract 1. ° Le sulfure d'uranium bivalent US qu' Alibegoff croyait avoir obtenu, n'a pas été préparé jusqu'à présent.
Speech analysis and synthesis using a vocal tract/cord model (1986)

The use of our vocal cord and tract model [Schroeter and Sondhi, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 78, S6 (1985)] for speech coding at bit rates below 4.8 kb/s is being considered. Earlier work [Flanagan et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 68, 780–791 (1980)] reported on applying an unconstrained optimization method for jointly finding the best vocal tract and glottal parameters directly from the speech signal (one-stage optimization). This method has been extended by optimizing tract and glottal parameters sequentially (two-stage optimization). In a first stage, a search was made for the parameters of an inverse (tract) filter that give the best match between the inverse filtered speech and the output of the vocal cord model for a given set of glottal parameters. In a second stage, the parameters of the cord model were optimized for a given set of tract parameters so that the synthesized speech matches the original speech as closely as possible. This method has the advantage of separating the source and tract into different optimization stages. By doing so, the inherent constraints of the respective models can be easily used to constrain the search space. Compared to the one-stage optimization, the search required in each stage is over a parameter space of a smaller dimension. Different start-up procedures for the two-stage optimization are investigated. Results are compared to those of the one-stage optimization.
Spectroscopic, optical, and thermo-mechanical properties of GSGG and its laser performance (1986)

Spectroscopic, optical, and thermo‐mechanical properties central to the design of high average power Nd:Cr:GSGG lasers are presented. The status of crystal growth and achieved laser performance levels are briefly reviewed.