gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Presenilin 1 and Presenilin 2 Have Differential Effects on the Stability and Maturation of Nicastrin in Mammalian Brain (2003)

The presenilins and nicastrin form high molecular mass, multimeric protein complexes involved in the intramembranous proteolysis of several proteins. Post-translational glycosylation and trafficking of nicastrin is necessary for the activity of these complexes. We report here that although there are differences in the post-translational processing of nicastrin in neurons and glia, both of the presenilins are required for the physiological post-translational modification and for the correct subcellular distribution of nicastrin. Absence of presenilin 1 (PS1) is associated with dramatic reductions in the level of mature glycosylated nicastrin and with redistribution of nicastrin away from the cell surface. In contrast, absence of presenilin 2 (PS2) is associated with only modest reductions in the levels of immature nicastrin. It is notable that these differential effects parallel the differential effects of null mutations in PS1 and PS2 on APP and Notch processing. Our data therefore suggest that the differential interactions of PS1 and PS2 with nicastrin reflect different functions for the PS1 and PS2 complexes.
Imaging with multi-spectral mosaic-array cameras (2015)

The emerging class of multi-spectral mosaic-array cameras combines opportunities of spectral data processing and full-motion video color display. We explore capabilities of such sensors and propose the novel demosaicking algorithm capable of enhancing resolution of equally sampled multi-spectral mosaic imagery. We present experimental results of the proposed processing using the imagery acquired with a nine-band short-wave infrared mosaic-array camera.
Drive system and readout characteristics of micro-reflector optical disc (2007)

This paper reviews the analyses and the experimental results of Micro-reflector optical disc system. In Micro-reflector optical disc, data are recorded on multiple virtual planes in a monolithic holographic medium. We have demonstrated the possibility of huge capacity from our analyses of readout characteristics of the Micro-reflector. In addition, we have developed the five-axis servo control system in order to achieve precise control of two counter-propagating light spots in recording media. Using this system, we succeeded in four-layer recording/readout.
Direct self-assembly of Fe2O3/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for high-performance lithium-ion batteries (2015)

Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/rGO nanocomposites were prepared by an electrostatic-interaction-induced self-assembling between the Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NPs and the graphene oxide (GO) sheets, followed with a low-temperature hydrothermal reduction process.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Example of a 6‐C‐Aryl‐D‐glucose: Inhibition of Glucokinase. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Shampoos for Normal Scalp Hygiene and Dandruff (2022)

Effective scalp care includes both treatments of conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis (D/SD) as well as prevention of these conditions among susceptible individuals. This chapter covers product choice, explanation of benefits and mechanism, and how best to maximize benefits via patient compliance and usage regimens. The occurrence of the scalp condition places special requirements on effective scalp care and cleansing; in general, the lower the frequency of scalp cleansing, the greater the chances that scalp conditions such as D/SD will occur. Cosmetic shampoos are primarily designed to cleanse the hair, but of course, the scalp skin is cleansed simultaneously. Coacervate technology is used as a delivery system for both zinc pyrithione (ZPT) and piroctone olamine to control how much of a material like ZPT is retained on the scalp after rinsing. The scalp health benefits associated with use of anti-dandruff shampoos may extend to hair benefits as well.
Electron Transfer Triggered by Optical Excitation of Phenothiazine-tris(meta-phenylene-ethynylene)-(tricarbonyl)(bpy)(py)rhenium(I) (2012)

We have investigated excited-state electron transfer in a donor-bridge-acceptor complex containing phenothiazine (PTZ) linked via tris(meta-phenylene-ethynylene) to a tricarbonyl(bipyridine)(pyridine)Re(I) unit. Time-resolved luminescence experiments reveal two excited-state (*Re) decay regimes, a multiexponential component with a mean lifetime of 2.7 ns and a longer monoexponential component of 530 ns in dichloromethane solution. The faster decay is attributed to PTZ → *Re electron transfer in a C-shaped PTZ-bridge-Re conformer (PTZ-Re ≈ 7.5 Å). We assign the longer lifetime, which is virtually identical to that of free *Re, to an extended conformer (PTZ-Re > 20 Å). The observed biexponential *Re decay requires that interconversion of PTZ-bridge-Re conformers be slower than 10(6) s(-1).
Direct e-beam writing of dense and high aspect ratio nanostructures in thick layers of PMMA for electroplating (2010)

Due to the ability of 100 keV electrons to penetrate deep into resist with little scattering, we were able to directly write various dense and high aspect ratio nanostructures in 540 nm and 1.1 microm thick layers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) resist. The PMMA molds produced by electron beam lithography were developed using a high contrast developer. The molds were used to transfer the pattern into metallic nanostructures by filling the developed trenches with Au by electroplating. By exposing lines narrower than the target width, we observed improved process latitude and line width control. The obtained aspect ratios of the dense structures are nearly 20 in 1.1 microm PMMA layers and > 16 for structures electroplated into this PMMA mold. The fabrication method was successfully applied to produce Au diffractive x-ray Fresnel zone plates of exceptionally good quality with 50 and 70 nm outermost zones using 540 nm and 1.1 microm thick PMMA molds. In addition, we also produced regular arrays of high aspect ratio and dense Au nanorods with periods down to 100 nm and high aspect ratio split-ring resonators.
A Large New England Kindred With Autosomal Dominant Neurogenic Scapuloperoneal Amyotrophy With Unique Features (1992)

We describe a large New England kindred bearing an autosomal dominant syndrome of neurogenic amyotrophy with variable expression. Features include congenital absence of muscles, progressive scapuloperoneal atrophy, laryngeal palsy, and progressive distal weakness and atrophy. The pattern of expression and progression varies in different branches of the family. Males are more severely affected than females. Disease expression is more severe and progressive in succeeding (third and fourth) generations. This striking increase in severity and progressivity in succeeding generations may have genetic implications. The syndrome most resembles the Stark-Kaeser chronic scapuloperoneal amyotrophy, but is considered a distinct entity.
IκB kinase β (IKKβ) does not mediate feedback inhibition of the insulin signalling cascade (2013)

Volume 442 (2012), pp. 723–732Owing to an error during the compilation of Figure 1(C), the uppermost lane and the lane third from the top were mislabelled, and these lanes should have been presented the other way around. Therefore the first lane, which was intended to have shown the data for P-PKB, in fact shows the data for P-IKKβ; conversely, the data in the third lane, intending to have shown the data for P-IKKβ, in fact shows the data for P-PKB. A corrected version of Figure 1 is included below. This mislabelling does not affect the interpretation of the data in any way.
Supplemental Figure S1 from MGD011, A CD19 x CD3 Dual-Affinity Retargeting Bi-specific Molecule Incorporating Extended Circulating Half-life for the Treatment of B-Cell Malignancies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Molecular weight, purity and SPR analysis of MGD011&lt;/p&gt;
Distributions of a Linear Homopolymer Additive in an Ordered Block Copolymer Matrix As Quantified by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (2015)

The addition of linear poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) to a disordered low molecular mass poly(ethylene oxide)–poly(propylene oxide)–poly(ethylene oxide) triblock copolymer host (PEO-b-PPO-b-PEO) is known to induce an ordering transition. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements are presented to quantify the spatial distribution of the linear homopolymer additive within the ordered microstructure by using deuterium-labeled block copolymers. The analysis, however, requires revisiting the conventional algorithm of expressing the scattering intensity as a product of a form and structure factor, where the two terms are independent, and an alternate formalism is introduced that couples these terms. The SANS data are consistent with a lamellar morphology, but with the unusual caveat of a weak first-order scattering peak relative to a strong second-order peak. This necessitates the use of a four-layer structure for the lamellar repeat unit where the center of the PEO domain is enriched with PAA. The SANS data are fit to quantify the compositional profiles of the three components across the four-layer lamellar repeat unit. As the concentration and/or molecular mass of the PAA additive increases, PEO–PAA-rich and PPO-rich domains gradually emerge. However, it is not until relatively high PAA loadings that compositionally pure PPO domains appear. While the PAA additive is known to form hydrogen bonds with the PEO segments, the measurements suggest that the unfavorable interactions between the PAA and PPO are also important for driving the self-assembly process.
A Wide Dynamic Range CMOS Image Sensor with a Charge Splitting Gate and Two Storage Diodes (2019)

In this paper, a wide dynamic range (WDR) CMOS image sensor (CIS) with a charge splitting gate (SG) and two storage diodes (SDs) is presented. By using single-gate on/off control with the SG, photocurrent path to the first (SD1) or second storage diodes (SD2) is switched alternatively and periodically during exposure and signal electrons generated in a photodiode (PD) are transferred to and accumulated in the SD1 or SD2. By setting a large ratio of the off-time to on-time of the SG, two different sensitivity signals, which are originated by the same photodiode, are generated and a WDR image signal is obtained. This technique has a distinct advantage on mitigating the problem of motion artifact in WDR imaging with high and low sensitivity signals and flexible dynamic control of the dynamic range. An experimental WDR CMOS image sensor with 280 (H) × 406 (V)-pixel array consisting of 14 sub-arrays, each of which have 20 (H) × 406 (V) pixels, was implemented and tested. For the SG on/off-time ratio of 30 and 279, the DR of 93 dB and 104 dB, respectively, was demonstrated. The effect of the proposed WDR imaging operation on the reduced motion artifact was experimentally confirmed.
Identification of a Thyroid Hormone Response Element in the Mouse Myogenin Gene: Characterization of the Thyroid Hormone and Retinoid X Receptor (1993)

Thyroid hormones are positive regulators of muscle development in vivo. Triiodo-t-thyronine (T3) treatment of myogenic cell lines results in the precocious expression of myogenin, a muscle specific, helix-loop-helix fador that can trans-adivate muscle specific gene expression (G. Carnac et a!., Mol. Endocrinol., 6: 1 1 85-i 1 94, 1 992). We have identified a T3 response element (TRE) in the mouse myogenin (MM) promoter between nucleotide positions -526 and -494 (5’ GTGGTAGGTC1TTAGGGGTCTCATGGGACTGACA 3’). This sequence conferred appropriate hormonal regulation to an enhancerless SV4O promoter. Eledrophoretic mobility shift analysis experiments showed that thyroid hormone receptor a (TRa) and retinoid X receptor a (RXRa) formed a heterodimeric complex on the MM TRE that was specifically competed by classical TREs and not by other response elements. Analyses of this heterodimer with a battery of steroid hormone response elements indicated that the complex was efficiently competed by a dired repeat of the AGGTCA motif separated by 4 nucleotides, as predicted by the 3-4-5 rule. Eledrophoretic mobility shift analysis experiments showed that the myogenin, growth hormone, and myosin heavy chain TREs interaded with an identical nuclear fador(s) in muscle cells that was constitutively expressed during myogenesis. Mutagenesis of the MM TRE indicated that the sequence of the dired repeats (AGGTCA) and the 4-nucleotide gap were necessary for efficient binding to the TRa/RXRa heterodimeric complex. In conclusion, our data suggest that the MM TRE is a target for dired cross-talk between two different hormonal signals (T3 and 9-cis-retinoic
Eve, You Shall Not Get Access! A Cyber-Physical Blockchain Architecture for Electronic Toll Collection Security (2020)

Cooperative intelligent transportation system (C-ITS) applications are generally susceptible to position spoofing-dependent attacks such as Sybil and DDoS attacks due to a lack of established solutions. This paper presents a novel cyber-physical blockchain cryptographic architecture to help prevent position spoofing attackers from becoming validated nodes in C-ITS applications. The solution also guarantees security requirements including the non-trivial non-repudiation in light of these and other attacks. With a use case of electronic toll collection (ETC), our architecture implements techniques based on Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI) measurements in conjunction with blockchain authentication methods such as Proof-of-Location and smart contracts to determine the legitimacy of a node. We demonstrate our solution in experiments using ITS-G5 Cohda Wireless technology (a Road Side Unit and two On-Board Units programmed with the ITS Vanetza stack) with functionalities specified by the European Telecommunications Standardization Institute (ETSI). From our experimental results from several driving-based data gathering tests, we discovered that our solution is able to cope with noise and relative velocity challenges because it incorporates both OBUs and RSUs in the Proof of Location computation steps. In light of this, the proposed architecture may also be applicable to govern V2X in general.
Hepatitis B and hepatitis D virus infections in the Central African Republic, twenty-five years after a fulminant hepatitis outbreak, indicate continuing spread in asymptomatic young adults (2018)

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) increases morbidity in Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients. In the mid-eighties, an outbreak of HDV fulminant hepatitis (FH) in the Central African Republic (CAR) killed 88% of patients hospitalized in Bangui. We evaluated infections with HBV and HDV among students and pregnant women, 25 years after the fulminant hepatitis (FH) outbreak to determine (i) the prevalence of HBV and HDV infection in this population, (ii) the clinical risk factors for HBV and/or HDV infections, and (iii) to characterize and compare the strains from the FH outbreak in the 1980s to the 2010 HBV-HDV strains. We performed a cross sectional study with historical comparison on FH-stored samples (n = 179) from 159 patients and dried blood-spots from volunteer students and pregnant women groups (n = 2172). We analyzed risk factors potentially associated with HBV and HDV. Previous HBV infection (presence of anti-HBc) occurred in 345/1290 students (26.7%) and 186/870 pregnant women (21.4%)(p = 0.005), including 110 students (8.8%) and 71 pregnant women (8.2%), who were also HBsAg-positive (p = 0.824). HDV infection occurred more frequently in pregnant women (n = 13; 18.8%) than students (n = 6; 5.4%) (p = 0.010). Infection in childhood was probably the main HBV risk factor. The risk factors for HDV infection were age (p = 0.040), transfusion (p = 0.039), and a tendency for tattooing (p = 0.055) and absence of condom use (p = 0.049). HBV-E and HDV-1 were highly prevalent during both the FH outbreak and the 2010 screening project. For historical samples, due to storage conditions and despite several attempts, we could only obtain partial HDV amplification representing 25% of the full-length genome. The HDV-1 mid-eighties FH-strains did not form a specific clade and were affiliated to two different HDV-1 African subgenotypes, one of which also includes the 2010 HDV-1 strains. In the Central African Republic, these findings indicate a high prevalence of previous and current HBV-E and HDV-1 infections both in the mid-eighties fulminant hepatitis outbreak and among asymptomatic young adults in 2010, and reinforce the need for universal HBV vaccination and the prevention of HDV transmission among HBsAg-positive patients through blood or sexual routes.
287 IMPROVED PERFORMANCE OF SHRUNKEN-2 SWEET CORN USING TRICHODERM HARZIANUM AS A BIOPROTECTANT (1994)

A strain of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum was tested for effectiveness in improving the performance of sh2 sweet corn using a variety of delivery methods. In greenhouse trials, Trichoderma seed treatment reduced the proportion of weak plants (unlikely to make a marketable ear) from 40% to 10%. This is evidence that the characteristically uneven stand establishment of supersweet corn should be overcome by using Trichoderma. In field trials, Trichoderma and Gliocladium (a related fungus) were inoculated as a seed treatment without fungicide in spring-tilled plots. Yields of uninoculated controls were 2.2, Gliocladium -treated were 2.6, and Trichoderma -treated were 3.6 T/ac. Delivering the same lines of fungus in the fall to a rye cover crop resulted in high populations the following spring. The cover crop was killed and fungicide-treated seed of `Zenith' sweet corn was planted without tillage. Yield with Trichoderma was 4.0, with Gliocladium was 3.7, and uninoculated was 2.4 T/at. The uninoculated, conventionally-tilled plots also yielded 4 T/at. Thus the beneficial fungi overcame the inhibition caused by no-till. Trichoderma was delivered effectively both as a seed treatment and on a winter cover crop to improve stand uniformity and overall yield.
Simulated Joint Infection Assessment by Rapid Detection of Live Bacteria with Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (2008)

The direct quantification of the concentration of viable bacterial mRNA with real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction allows identification of both culture-positive bacterial infection and so-called unculturable bacterial infection in a simulated septic arthritis model. In contrast to conventional polymerase chain reaction, real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction minimizes false-positive detection of nonviable bacteria and thus provides relevant information on the success or failure of antibiotic therapy.
Continuous‐Flow Chemical Processing in Three‐Dimensional Microchannel Network for On‐Chip Integration of Multiple Reactions in a Combinatorial Mode (2005)

Abstract Chemical syntheses using microchemical chips have been intensively investigated in recent years, but they have still not fully reached the stage of practical use. Combinatorial synthesis has been expected to be one of their useful applications. Benefits of using microchips, such as reduction in quantity of reagents and wastes, are thought to be suited for combinatorial syntheses, where numerous variations of products have to be synthesized each in small amounts. There are two modes of combinatorial syntheses using microchemical chips. One is sequential synthesis, in which reactant solutions are introduced sequentially in various combinations to a reaction microchannel. The other is parallel synthesis, where the number of reaction channels is the same as the number of final products, and starting materials are distributed to all the reaction channels in different combinations. Sequential synthesis has been considered as the more favorable way, because, especially when libraries of starting materials are large, numerous microchannels and complicated pipings for distribution of reagents to the channels are required for the parallel mode. Therefore, research on parallel microcombinatorial syntheses has been done only rarely, whereas there have been many reports of sequential microcombinatorial syntheses. Against this trend, our research group has taken an alternative path and tried to integrate both parallel reaction microchannels onto a glass microchip and channels for distributing reactant solutions to each reaction channel in a combinatorial mode. Microchips fabricated by laminating multiple layers of glass substrates have been used to construct three‐dimensional microchannel networks necessary for mixing reagent flows in different combinations. We utilized low Reynolds number multi‐phase laminar flow and developed micro‐unit operations (MUOs). By combining MUOs in the multi‐phase continuous laminar flows, microchemical systems were constructed. We called this micro‐integration methodology “continuous‐flow chemical processing (CFCP)”, and by using it, a sequence of various operations in chemical syntheses could be integrated on a microchemical chip. Not just simple mixing of two reagents, which was most commonly done in microreactors, but also multi‐step processes including other chemical operations, such as extraction and separation, could be carried out via CFCP. In the first part of this short review article, we explain CFCP with an example. Then, a microchemical chip with a three‐dimensional microchannel network for a parallel reaction system is introduced. Finally, we present a case in which CFCP was realized in a three‐dimensional microchannel network.
Mid-IR Frequency Combs From Coherent Supercontinuum Generation in Chalcogenide Nano-Spike Waveguides (2013)

A coherent supercontinuum spanning 1.7-4 μm is generated in a novel chalcogenide-silica nano-spike waveguide pumped at 2 μm. Interference with a doubly-resonant OPO proves coherence, and enables sub-Hz locking of the OPO to the pump.
Strategies for the Construction of Supramolecular Compounds through Coordination Chemistry (2001)

Synthetic organic chemists enjoy the luxury of having a large collection of reliable reactions at their disposal for preparing small molecules, mesoscopic structures, and polymers. Coordination chemists, on the other hand, are faced with the fact that transition metal chemistry, when normalized for the number of transition metals, has relatively few high-yielding reactions, when compared to the chemistry of carbon, for preparing even small molecule structures. This lack of control is manifested, in large part, in the weak metal–ligand interactions found in coordination complexes as compared with the strong covalent bonds in organic compounds. Weak bonding often translates into many reaction pathways that are not substantially different from an energetic point of view, and therefore, results in poor selectivity. As a result, many coordination chemists in recent years have come to the realization that it may be easier and more productive to develop straightforward and reliable routes to mesoscopic supramolecular structures by capitalizing on the modest collection of high-yielding reactions in coordination chemistry, the directional bonding afforded by metal centers, and strategies aimed at taking advantage of the weak metal bonds found in coordination complexes. Three emerging synthetic strategies, the symmetry-interaction, directional-bonding, and weak-link synthetic approaches, all use metal centers as structural building blocks to rationally assemble molecular components into supramolecular metallocyclophanes. These three approaches are discussed herein, and the fundamental principles underlying each as well as their capabilities are compared and contrasted.