gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient realization of logical execution times in legacy embedded software (2017)

The Logical Execution Time (LET) programming model has been recently employed as a parallel programming paradigm for multi-core platforms, in particular for porting large single-core applications to multi-core versions, which is a serious challenge faced in major industries, such as the automotive one. In this paper, we consider a transformation process from legacy single-core software to LET-based versions that are ready for multi-core, and focus on the problem of minimizing computational costs rooted in the additional buffering that is required to achieve the LET communication semantics, especially for parallel executions and in the presence of legacy event-driven functions that remain outside of the LET specifications. We propose a static analysis that proceeds top-down through successive layers of abstraction, where an optimal solution at a certain layer represents a minimal upper bound on the set of buffers determined in the next layer. We present a solution for the top layer, which is platform-independent and has no restrictions on executions of event-driven software. Furthermore, we derive optimal buffering for a second layer with a minimal platform configuration. We refer here to a three-layer implementation, which has been successfully applied to industrial automotive software, where further savings are achieved in the mapping from second layer buffers to memory locations. We also point to evaluation results, demonstrating the applicability of the approach in industrial settings.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Nanocrystals with Molecular Metal Chalcogenide Surface Ligands. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Taxamycins: a new enediyne family constructed from versatile disilyl-substituted building blocks (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTaxamycins: a new enediyne family constructed from versatile disilyl-substituted building blocksYee Fung Lu, Curtis W. Harwig, and Alex G. FallisCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 16, 4202–4204Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00068a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00068a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Ultra-high-throughput massive MIMO field-trial over radio computing architecture with peak spectrum efficiency of 79.82 bps/Hz (2017)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) has been considered as one of the key technologies in 5G communication, owing to its promising potential to increase the spectrum efficiency significantly. The capacity grows rapidly with the increasing number of antennas. However, in real-time environment, the more antennas are employed, the more computing resources are required, and this increase is even in a nonlinear progression. In this work, radio computing architecture (RCA) with multiple parallel general purpose processors (GPPs) and automatic distribution system (ADS) are utilized to overcome the strict real-time constraints and establish a highly flexible prototype platform for massive MIMO research. The feasibility and performance of the GPP-based prototype has been investigated through field trial. A collocated 64-RF-channel base station (BS) with each RF channel driving 3 antennas can simultaneously serve twelve 8-antenna user equipments (UEs). The maximum overall bandwidth is 200 MHz, and the maximum flow number is pre-defined as 24. In this field trial, a peak total user throughput of 11.29 Gbps and a cell spectrum efficiency of 79.82 bps/Hz are achieved. As far as we know, this is the world's highest throughput ever achieved in the sub 6 GHz band. Furthermore, apart from multi-user MIMO, single-user MIMO is also tested in this field trial.
Design, Synthesis, and Structure—Activity Relationships of Substituted Piperazinone‐Based Transition State Factor Xa Inhibitors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Clinical Operational Tolerance After Renal Transplantation (2010)

In solid organ transplantation, the achievement of an immunosuppression (IS)-free state [also referred to as clinical operational tolerance (COT)] represents the ultimate goal. Although COT is feasible and safe in selected cases after liver transplantation, it is an exceptional finding after other types of solid organ transplantation. In the field of renal transplantation (RT), approximately 100 cases of COT have been reported to date, mainly in patients who were not compliant with their immunosuppressive regimens or in individuals who had previously received a bone marrow transplant for hematological disorders. On the basis of promising results obtained in animal models, several tolerogenic protocols have been attempted in humans, but most have failed to achieve robust and stable COT after RT. Molecule-based regimens have been largely ineffective, whereas cell-based regimens have provided some encouraging results. In these latter regimens, apart from standard IS, patients usually receive perioperative infusion of donor bone marrow-derived stem cells, which are able to interact with the immune cells of the host and mitigate their response to engraftment. Unfortunately, most renal transplant patients who developed acute rejection-occurring either during the weaning protocol or after complete withdrawal of IS-eventually lost their grafts. Currently, the immune monitoring necessary for predicting the presence and persistence of donor-specific unresponsiveness is not available. Overall, the present review will provide a conceptual framework for COT and conclude that stable and robust COT after RT remains an elusive goal and that the different strategies attempted to date are not yet reproducibly safe or effective.
Pressurized solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine combined cycle systems (1997)

Over the last 10 years, Westinghouse Electric Corporation has made great strides in advancing tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology towards commercialization by the year 2001. In 1993, Westinghouse initiated a program to develop pressurized solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine (PSOFC/GT) combined cycle power systems because of the ultra-high electrical efficiencies, 60-75% (net AC/LHV CH4), inherent with these systems. This paper will discuss SOFC technology advancements in recent years, and the final phase development program which will focus on the development and demonstration of PSOFC/GT power systems for distributed power applications.
Search for lepton-flavour-violating H → μτ decays of the Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector (2015)

A direct search for lepton-flavour-violating H decays of the recently discovered Higgs boson with the ATLAS detector at the LHC is presented. The analysis is performed in the H had channel, where had is a hadronically decaying -lepton. The search is based on the data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb -1 at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 8 TeV. No statistically significant excess of data over the predicted background is observed. The observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limit on the branching fraction, Br(H ), is 1.85% (1.24%).
Test Results From the Advanced Humid Air Turbine System Pilot Plant: Part 2—Humidification, Water Recovery and Water Quality (2008)

The AHAT (advanced humid air turbine) system has been studied to improve thermal efficiency of gas turbine power generation. This is an original gas turbine power generation system which substitutes the WAC (water atomization cooling) system for the intercooler system of the HAT cycle. A pilot plant was built to verify feasibility of the AHAT system, which is composed of a gas turbine, a humidification tower, a recuperator and a water recovery system. Firstly, characteristics of the humidification tower were examined. The experimental results of the humidification rate agreed with the calculation results within a deviation of 1%. Humidification increased the heat recovery, and the electrical efficiency exceeded 40%. Secondly, characteristics of the spray-type water recovery system were examined. 95% of water consumed by the humidification tower was recovered, and a significant reduction of the make-up water for the HAT cycle was confirmed. Thirdly, concentrations of impurities within the circulating water of the AHAT system were measured when the recovered water was recycled without any purification process.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane permeability: isolation of a porin protein F-deficient mutant (1983)

A mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa severely deficient in outer membrane protein F levels was isolated by screening heavily mutagenized strains for membrane protein alterations on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. To provide a basis for phenotypic comparison, three independent spontaneous revertants with normal protein F levels were isolated. Neither the protein F-deficient mutant nor its revertants had gross surface alterations as judged by their sensitivities to 31 phages with diverse receptors and their low degrees of leakage of periplasmic beta-lactamase into the supernatant. Outer membrane permeability was measured in whole cells by examining the rates of hydrolysis of a chromogenic beta-lactam, nitrocefin, by periplasmic RP1-encoded beta-lactamase. It was found that the outer membrane permeabilities of wild-type and protein F revertant strains were similar, but low when compared with those of Escherichia coli and an antibiotic-supersusceptible mutant Z61 of P. aeruginosa. The loss of protein F caused a further significant decrease in outer membrane permeability. The results suggest that protein F is a pore-forming protein in vivo and that only a small proportion, as few as 1 in 400, of the protein F molecules form active functional channels in vivo.
Structure and stability of Pr2O3/Si(0 0 1) heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy using a high temperature effusion source (2006)

The structure of epitaxially grown Pr2O3 on Si(0 0 1) has been investigated by grazing incidence x-ray diffraction and x-ray reflectivity. We report experimental results from measurements made in situ, after growth, and during annealing to determine the stability of Pr2O3 at temperatures relevant for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processing. Pr6O11 is evaporated and converted to Pr2O3 using an effusion source operating at 1970 °C. Two different phases of Pr2O3 have been identified in the as-grown films in addition to a silicate layer that forms upon nucleation at the Si interface. The cubic Pr2O3 nucleates as a single crystal and grows in greater proportion to the polycrystalline hexagonal Pr2O3. The crystal structure of the as-grown film is stable during annealing up to about 800 °C at which point the Pr2O3 is consumed at the expense of the silicate phase.
Muscle stress generated in the forearm during hand gripping (2015)

The authors proposed an electromyography computed tomography (EMG-CT) method to measure the distribution of muscle activity in the forearm using surface EMG signals from multiple surface electrodes. The present study is to develop a method to estimate muscle stress, i.e., force generated during contraction per unit area in the whole cross-section of the forearm based on EMG-CT. While three subjects performed hand gripping trials using three hand grip devices, EMG signals around the forearm were measured using EMG-CT. An EMG conduction model of the forearm was constructed using an outline geometry of the subjects' forearm which was measured with a handy 3D scanner. The stress of muscle was calculated from the relationship between gripping force and total muscle activity. As a result, the distribution of muscle stress in the forearm during hand gripping was visualized in a tomographic image. It was clear that the stress was concentrated in the flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor carpi radialis, and extensor digitorum communis region. The maximum stress in the forearm muscles increased from 0.08 0.01 to 0.18 0.02 MPa when gripping force increased from 77 to 242 N. This study provides a novel method of measuring muscle stress in forearm.
Evaluating the chemical exfoliation of lithium cobalt oxide using UV-Vis spectroscopy (2020)

Two-dimensional materials have been at the forefront of chemistry and materials science research for the past decade owing to promising applications across many fields. Improvements in exfoliation processes continually give access to new two-dimensional material compositions, demanding a deeper understanding of the defect structure and exfoliation mechanisms. Chemical exfoliation processes allow for both the fabrication of new, and the production of industrial-scale quantities of two-dimensional materials. For this reason, we report a rapid, efficient, and simple method for evaluating the exfoliation behavior of protonated lithium cobalt oxide. Using a two-step chemical exfoliation method, first by proton-cation exchange, then by treatment with an organo-ammonium hydroxide, the exfoliation yield of lithium cobalt oxide was quantified with a quick and powerful technique, ultraviolet-vis spectroscopy characterization. This method provided an in-depth analysis of the exfoliation of lithium cobalt oxide confirming and discovering many key aspects of its soft-chemical exfoliation relating to layered transition metal oxides. It was determined that the exfoliation yield has a strong dependence on multiple factors, such as the concentration of protons in the powder, the presence of water and hydroxide groups in solution, and the ionic radius and concentration of the intercalating cation. Both morphological changes occurring as a function of reaction conditions and the two-dimensional nature of the final sheets were revealed through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Relative proton concentration of acid-treated lithium cobalt oxide was determined as a function of acid concentration using time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry after deuterated acid treatment. These experiments led to an improved understanding of the soft-chemical exfoliation of lithium cobalt oxide and can be applied to many layered transition metal oxides.
A 6-bit wideband variable gain amplifier with low group delay variation in 90nm CMOS (2012)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a differential 6-bit variable gain amplifier (VGA) with low group delay imbalance over 64 gain states. Low group delay imbalance is crucial for wireless positioning technologies such as ranging biosensors. The VGA is designed to track the Friss loss and the gain variation is achieved using bias current steering. Two cascaded linear-in-magnitude stages provide 52 dB of gain control. The measured maximum group delay variation is 50 ps over 64 states. The input P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> gain compression point ranges between -26 dBm and -15 dBm. The saturated output power is -5 dBm for 64 gain states. The VGA is implemented in a 90nm CMOS process and the chip size is 0.035mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The VGA consumes 14 mA from a 1.2 V supply excluding the buffer power consumption.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel Geranylgeranyl Pyrophosphate Synthase from Plasmodium Parasites (2010)

We present here a study of a eukaryotic trans-prenylsynthase from the malaria pathogen Plasmodium vivax. Based on the results of biochemical assays and contrary to previous indications, this enzyme catalyzes the production of geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) rather than farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP). Structural analysis shows that the product length is constrained by a hydrophobic cavity formed primarily by a set of residues from the same subunit as the product as well as at least one other from the dimeric partner. Furthermore, Plasmodium GGPP synthase (GGPPS) can bind nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) strongly with the energetically favorable cooperation of three Mg(2+), resulting in inhibition by this class of compounds at IC(50) concentrations below 100 nM. In contrast, human and yeast GGPPSs do not accommodate a third magnesium atom in the same manner, resulting in their insusceptibility to N-BPs. This differentiation is in part attributable to a deviation in a conserved motif known as the second aspartate-rich motif: whereas the aspartates at the start and end of the five-residue motif in FFPP synthases and P. vivax GGPPSs both participate in the coordination of the third Mg(2+), an asparagine is featured as the last residue in human and yeast GGPPSs, resulting in a different manner of interaction with nitrogen-containing ligands.
Laser Terahertz Emission Microscope (2007)

Developments of laser terahertz (THz) emission microscope (LTEM) systems are reviewed. Femtosecond lasers can excite the THz wave emission from various electronic materials, such as semiconductors, high-temperature superconductors, manganites, multiferroic oxides, etc., due to ultrafast current modulation. Limiting the topic to semiconductors, the current modulation is realized by acceleration or deceleration of photoexcited carriers due to the local electric field extrinsically or intrinsically induced at the laser illumination spot. Thus, LTEM has a potential to visualize the local electric field distribution and photoresponse without any contacts or damages. We have ever constructed prototype free-space type and scanning fiber-probe (SFP) type LTEM systems with transmission or reflection mode. The system performance of the SFP-LTEM has been greatly improved compared with that for the prototype one. The spatial resolution of the SFP-LTEM system has a minimum spatial resolution less than 3 mum , which is defined by the laser beam diameter. The compact SFP-LTEM system, in particular the reflection system, has the potential to be utilized for wide applications as well as various materials. In this review paper, we introduce the details of the LTEM systems and example applications for the evaluation of electric field distribution in integrated circuits and supercurrent distribution in high-temperature superconductors.
Observability, identifiability and sensitivity of vision-aided inertial navigation (2016)

Abstract — We analyze the observability of 3-D pose from the fusion of visual and inertial sensors. Because the model contains unknown parameters, such as sensor biases, the problem is usually cast as a mixed filtering/identification, with the resulting observability analysis providing neces-sary conditions for convergence to a unique point estimate. Most models treat sensor bias rates as “noise, ” independent of other states, including biases themselves, an assumption that is patently violated in practice. We show that, when this assumption is lifted, the resulting model is not ob-servable, and therefore existing analyses cannot be used to conclude that the set of states that are indistinguishable from the measurements is a singleton. In other words, the resulting model is not observable. We therefore re-cast the analysis as one of sensitivity: Rather than attempting to prove that the set of indistinguishable trajectories is a singleton, we derive bounds on its volume, as a function of characteristics of the sensor and other sufficient excitation conditions. This provides an explicit characterization of the indistinguishable set that can be used for analysis and validation purposes. I.
Assessment of Hypoxia in Experimental Mice Tumours by [ 18 F] Fluoromisonidazole PET and pO 2 Electrode Measurements (2002)

The aim of this study was to compare a non-invasive 18F-fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO) PET assessment of tumour hypoxia with invasive Eppendorf pO2 measurements in 150-1,500 mm3 C3H mammary carcinomas transplanted on the back of CDF1 mice. The tumour-bearing mice breathed either carbogen gas (95% oxygen, 5% CO2) or normal air during both examinations. Additional autoradiography was performed in separate tumours treated similarly. The PET [18F]FMISO examination significantly discriminated between tumours of carbogen and air-breathing mice. For the pO2 measurements, there was a significantly lower percentage of measurements below 2.5 mmHg for carbogen-treated mice compared with air-breathing mice. However, no direct correlation between the methods was seen. A correlation was found between tumour volume and Eppendorf estimates of tumour hypoxia for the animals breathing normal air, but no correlation was found between the PET endpoint and tumour volume. This may be due to low pO2 measurements obtained in necrotic tissue. Autoradiography confirmed lower [18F]FMISO uptake in tumours of carbogen-breathing animals compared with air-breathing animals, and demonstrated the heterogeneity of the tracer uptake in small compared with larger tumours.
Reliable Computing with Ultra-Reduced Instruction Set Coprocessors (2014)

This work presents a method to reliably perform computations in the presence of both hard faults arising from aggressive technology scaling and design defects from human error. The method is based on the observation that a single Turing-complete instruction can mirror any other instruction's semantics. One such instruction is the subleq instruction, which has been used for instructional purposes in the past. The scope of using such an instruction is far greater than that of instructional purposes, and thus, the authors present its applicability to fault tolerance. In particular, they extend a million-instructions-per-second (MIPS) processor with the ultra-reduced instruction set coprocessor (URISC), which implements the subleq instruction. They use the URISC to execute sequences of subleq to mimic the semantics of instructions that are known to be faulty on the MIPS core after testing. The LLVM compiler back end generates the sequence of subleq for instructions marked as faulty. This presents a hardware-software approach to fault recovery. The authors experimentally evaluate the impact of single-upset faults on the instructions that are rendered faulty, the area overhead of the URISC, and the performance overhead of using the URISC.