gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insulin Receptor Antiserum and Plant Lectins Mimic the Direct Effects of Insulin on Nuclear Envelope Phosphorylation (1983)

Insulin directly inhibits protein phosphorylation in isolated rat liver nuclear envelopes. In the present studies, an antiserum to insulin receptor as well as the plant lectins concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin mimicked insulin action in isolated nuclear envelopes. These studies suggest that insulin and agents that mimic it may directly regulate nuclear functions.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Alkoxy‐4,4‐difluoropiperidines. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The transparent cathode: rejuvenator of magnetrons and inspiration for new RF sources (2009)

The relativistic magnetron has been studied as a high power microwave source since the 1970&apos;s. It is a simple, passive device requiring only a uniform magnetic field. It is possible to design a relativistic magnetron with center frequency from L-band to X-band, and it is possible to provide some modest frequency agility about the center frequency as well. Recently, researchers at the University of New Mexico proposed that a transparent cathode can significantly improve the output characteristics of magnetrons. Since then, a comprehensive study using particle-in-cell simulations has identified the many benefits of using this cathode. This paper will review the salient features of operating relativistic and non-relativistic magnetrons using a transparent cathode. In addition, progress from ongoing experiments at the University of New Mexico on an A6 magnetron driven by a short-pulse Sinus-6 accelerator will be presented. The presentation will conclude with a discussion of novel variants of the rippled-field magnetron (what we call the "Simplest Ubitron") that can produce coherent radiation as well as noise. Other devices benefiting from the transparent cathode will be discussed as well. (5 pages)
C3-Symmetric Aromatic Core of Griffithsin Is Essential for Potent Anti-HIV Activity (2022)

Lectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins of nonimmune origin, bind to carbohydrates and glycan shields present on the surfaces of cells and viral spike proteins. Lectins thus hold great promise as therapeutic and diagnostic proteins, exemplified by their potent antiviral activities and the desire to engineer synthetic carbohydrate receptors based on lectin recognition principles. Here, we describe a new carbohydrate-binding architectural motif─namely, a <i>C</i><sub>3</sub>-symmetric tyrosine-based aromatic core, present in the therapeutic lectin griffithsin (GRFT). By using structure-based amino acid substitutions, X-ray crystallography, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and HIV-1 neutralization assays, we show that this core is critical for potent (pM) antiviral activity and nanomolar binding to the glycan shield largely consisting of high mannose glycans. Crystal structures and MD simulations show that CH-π interactions stabilize the aromatic cluster to maintain the three pseudo-symmetric carbohydrate-binding sites, nonaromatic amino acid substitutions (Tyr to Ala) abrogate antiviral activity, and increasing the aromatic CH-π edge-to-centroid interface via a Tyr to Trp substitution yields a GRFT variant with improved potency and increased residence time of Man-9 observed in MD simulations. NMR titrations of a Tyr-to-Ala variant indicate that disruption of the aromatic prevents the intermolecular crosslinking between two equivalents of Man-9 and one carbohydrate-binding face observed in wild-type GRFT and known to be critical for picomolar potency of this lectin. This <i>C</i><sub>3</sub>-symmetric aromatic core defines a new recognition motif for the design of carbohydrate receptors and suggests principles for engineering known lectins to have increased affinity and stability.
Cloning and characterization of a new human Xq13 gene, encoding a putative helicase (1994)

We describe the cloning and characterization of a new human Xq13 gene (XH2), extending over a 220 kb genomic stretch between MNK and DXS56. The gene, which undergoes X-inactivation, contains a 4 kb open reading frame and encodes a putative NTP-binding nuclear protein homologous to several members of the helicase II superfamily. The murine homologue maps to the syntenic genetic interval, between Pgk1 and Xist. In situ hybridization studies in mouse reveal precocious, widespread expression of the murine homologue of XH2 at early stages of embryogenesis, and more restricted expression during late developmental stages and at birth. XH2 is a new member of an expanding family of proven and putative helicases, sharing six conserved, collinear domains. In particular, the XH2 protein shows homology with yeast RAD54. Type II helicases have been implicated in nucleotide excision repair and the initiation of transcription. This new gene, represents a potential candidate for several genetic disorders mapped to human Xq13.
A Deep Learning Approach to Segmentation of Distorted Iris Regions in Head-Mounted Displays (2018)

In this paper, we consider the next generation of wearable ARlVR display glasses and the challenges of personal authentication on such devices. The use of iris authentication as a mean of creating a seamless biometric link between the user and his personal data offers a viable approach, but due to the likely location of user-facing cameras there are some challenges in achieving an accurate segmentation of the iris. In this paper, a deep neural network was trained to accurately segment distorted iris regions. An appropriate augmentation method is presented to generate the distorted iris dataset used for training from publicly available frontal iris datasets. The proposed method shows promising results in segmenting off-axis iris images in unconstrained conditions.
The genome of Peronospora belbahrii reveals high heterozygosity, a low number of canonical effectors and CT-rich promoters (2019)

Abstract Along with Plasmopara destructor, Peronosopora belbahrii has arguably been the economically most important newly emerging downy mildew pathogen of the past two decades. Originating from Africa, it has started devastating basil production throughout the world, most likely due to the distribution of infested seed material. Here we present the genome of this pathogen and results from comparisons of its genomic features to other oomycetes. The assembly of the nuclear genome was ca. 35.4 Mbp in length, with an N50 scaffold length of ca. 248 kbp and an L50 scaffold count of 46. The circular mitochondrial genome consisted of ca. 40.1 kbp. From the repeat-masked genome 9049 protein-coding genes were predicted, out of which 335 were predicted to have extracellular functions, representing the smallest secretome so far found in peronosporalean oomycetes. About 16 % of the genome consists of repetitive sequences, and based on simple sequence repeat regions, we provide a set of microsatellites that could be used for population genetic studies of Pe. belbahrii. Peronospora belbahrii has undergone a high degree of convergent evolution, reflecting its obligate biotrophic lifestyle. Features of its secretome, signalling networks, and promoters are presented, and some patterns are hypothesised to reflect the high degree of host specificity in Peronospora species. In addition, we suggest the presence of additional virulence factors apart from classical effector classes that are promising candidates for future functional studies.
Essential role for the ATG4B protease and autophagy in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (2015)

Autophagy is a critical cellular homeostatic process that controls the turnover of damaged organelles and proteins. Impaired autophagic activity is involved in a number of diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis suggesting that altered autophagy may contribute to fibrogenesis. However, the specific role of autophagy in lung fibrosis is still undefined. In this study, we show for the first time, how autophagy disruption contributes to bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in vivo using an Atg4b-deficient mouse as a model. Atg4b-deficient mice displayed a significantly higher inflammatory response at 7 d after bleomycin treatment associated with increased neutrophilic infiltration and significant alterations in proinflammatory cytokines. Likewise, we found that Atg4b disruption resulted in augmented apoptosis affecting predominantly alveolar and bronchiolar epithelial cells. At 28 d post-bleomycin instillation Atg4b-deficient mice exhibited more extensive and severe fibrosis with increased collagen accumulation and deregulated extracellular matrix-related gene expression. Together, our findings indicate that the ATG4B protease and autophagy play a crucial role protecting epithelial cells against bleomycin-induced stress and apoptosis, and in the regulation of the inflammatory and fibrotic responses.
Nanoscale Etching of In0.53Ga0.47As in H2O2/HCl Solutions for Advanced CMOS Processing (2014)

An investigation of the surface chemistry of In0.53Ga0.47As in HCl/H2O2 solution for etching in the low etch rate range (<0.1–10 nm min−1) is described. Kinetic studies using inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry showed a surprizing result: the etch rate decreased with increasing chloride concentration, suggesting chlorine termination of the surface. This was confirmed by a determination of the relative chlorine coverage using total reflection X-ray fluorescence. These results are supported by contact angle measurements and surface oxide analysis with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Reaction schemes based on chemical and electroless mechanisms are presented to help understand the surface chemistry. The etch rate range and the favorable surface roughness after etching as determined by atomic force microscopy show that this HCl/H2O2 system is an excellent candidate for advanced CMOS processing.
Vivons plus vieux en bonne santé ! (2017)

Vous rêvez d'arrêter le temps ? Un vu pieux aujourd'hui, mais quitte à avancer en âge, autant le faire dans les meilleures conditions. Ce livre n'est pas un recueil de recettes miracles pour rester jeune mais donne la parole à une quinzaine de spécialistes, interviewés par une journaliste santé, sous la coordination d'un docteur en physiologie. Il passe au crible les études les plus récentes et déconstruit de nombreuses idées reçues sur l'alimentation, les activités physiques, le cerveau, la douleur, la dépression… Un panorama de ce qu'il faut savoir pour traverser les années en bonne santé et des conseils très pratiques.Votre corps et votre esprit vous en remercieront au quotidien !
The Design and Identification of Brain Penetrant Inhibitors of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase α (2012)

Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling through PI3Kα has received significant attention for its potential in cancer therapy. While the PI3K pathway is a well-established and widely pursued target for the treatment of many cancer types due to the high frequency of abnormal PI3K signaling, glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is particularly relevant because the pathway is implicated in more than 80% of GBM cases. Herein, we report the identification of PI3K inhibitors designed to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to engage their target where GBM tumors reside. We leveraged our historical experience with PI3K inhibitors to identify correlations between physicochemical properties and transporter efflux as well as metabolic stability to focus the selection of molecules for further study.
Reflection and scattering from rough surfaces (2012)

Radio waves are reflected by the ground and from objects such as buildings. This can have various effects on radio systems. Reflections from buildings can permit a radio service to exist where the signal would otherwise be excessively attenuated by shadowing. Conversely, reflections can cause interference where shadowing alone would provide adequate attenuation of an unwanted signal. Reflections are also a major cause of multipath propagation. This can sometimes be exploited, particularly in a mobile radio system using code division multiple access (CDMA). For point-to-point links, on the other hand, ground reflections are generally viewed as an impairment, and every effort is made to minimise their effect.
Total synthesis of (.+-.)-9-isocyanopupukeanane (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (.+-.)-9-isocyanopupukeananeHisashi Yamamoto and Hing L. ShamCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 6, 1609–1611Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00500a049Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1685Altmetric-Citations57LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (414 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stable and Crystalline Allylium and Allenylium Salts with Ferrocenyl Substituents (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStable and Crystalline Allylium and Allenylium Salts with Ferrocenyl SubstituentsJosef Lukasser, Herbert Angleitner, Herwig Schottenberger, Holger Kopacka, Manuela Schweiger, Benno Bildstein, Karl-Hans Ongania, and Klaus WurstCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 12, 5566–5578Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00012a025https://doi.org/10.1021/om00012a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views305Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Making DNA Melting Useful (2010)

Featured Article: Wittwer CT, Reed GH, Gundry CN, Vandersteen JG, Pryor RJ. High-resolution genotyping by amplicon melting analysis using LCGreen. Clin Chem 2003;49:853–60.3)

DNA melting (the denaturation of DNA by heat) is a fundamental property of DNA that can be used as an analytical tool. Classic studies of DNA melting monitored the absorbance near 260 nm as the temperature was increased and required large (microgram) amounts of DNA and analysis times of hours. Although DNA melting was an accurate research tool, these limitations relegated DNA melting to the specialized laboratory, away from most research laboratories and clinical testing.

Fluorescence analysis of DNA melting as a companion to real-time PCR was introduced in 1996 with the LightCycler®, the product of university academics and the small company Idaho Technology (1). In 1998, Roche Applied Science adopted the LightCycler worldwide. The PCR conveniently produces nanogram amounts of DNA that can easily be monitored with fluorescence. DNA fluorescence typically increases during real-time PCR and decreases during melting analysis. For the first time, no handling, processing, or separation of the sample after the PCR was required for analysis.

Methods for both probe and PCR product (amplicon) melting were developed for the LightCycler and were later incorporated into other real-time instruments. DNA melting monitors stability across temperature as a “dynamic dot blot,” an approach that is inherently more robust than the prior single-temperature “static” analysis. Single-base variants, such …
Emerging roles of epigenetic regulation in obesity and metabolic disease (2021)

Adipose tissue dysfunction is a hallmark of obesity and contributes to obesity-related sequelae such as metabolic complications and insulin resistance. Compelling evidence indicates that adipose-tissue-specific gene expression is influenced by gene interactions with proximal and distal cis-regulatory elements; the latter exert regulatory effects via three-dimensional (3D) chromosome conformation. Recent advances in determining the regulatory mechanisms reveal that compromised epigenomes are molecularly interlinked to altered cis-regulatory element activity and chromosome architecture in the adipose tissue. This review summarizes the roles of epigenomic components, particularly DNA methylation, in transcriptional rewiring in adipose tissue. In addition, we discuss the emerging roles of DNA methylation in the maintenance of 3D chromosome conformation and its pathophysiological significance concerning adipose tissue function.
Ultra-Low Bending Loss Single-Mode Fiber for FTTH (2008)

A new ultra-low bending loss standard compliant single-mode fiber with ring comprising nanometer sized features is designed and manufactured. Bending loss less than 0.1 dB/turn at a bend radius of 5 mm is demonstrated.
Balancing Ionic and Electronic Conduction for High‐Performance Organic Electrochemical Transistors (2020)

Abstract Conjugated polymers that support mixed (electronic and ionic) conduction are in demand for applications spanning from bioelectronics to energy harvesting and storage. To design polymer mixed conductors for high‐performance electrochemical devices, relationships between the chemical structure, charge transport, and morphology must be established. A polymer series bearing the same p‐type conjugated backbone with increasing percentage of hydrophilic, ethylene glycol side chains is synthesized, and their performance in aqueous electrolyte gated organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) is studied. By using device physics principles and electrochemical analyses, a direct relationship is found between the OECT performance and the balanced mixed conduction. While hydrophilic side chains are required to facilitate ion transport—thus enabling OECT operation—swelling of the polymer is not de facto beneficial for balancing mixed conduction. It is shown that heterogeneous water uptake disrupts the electronic conductivity of the film, leading to OECTs with lower transconductance and slower response times. The combination of in situ electrochemical and structural techniques shown here contributes to the establishment of the structure–property relations necessary to improve the performance of polymer mixed conductors and subsequently of OECTs.
Figure S3 from Copy Number Loss of 17q22 Is Associated with Enzalutamide Resistance and Poor Prognosis in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3 shows the prognostic significance of copy number loss of 17q24, 2q24, and 4q35 containing putative tumor suppressor genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Eco‐Friendly and Facile Preparation of Spherical Chitin Nanoparticles (2018)

Abstract A facile and eco‐friendly procedure was established and optimized for the synthesis of spherical crystalline chitin nanoparticles (SChNPs) using the oxidizing agent Oxone®. This versatile triple‐salt was effective in the cleavage of the glycosidic bonds and etching out individualization of elementary fibrils to form SChNPs. Selective oxidation occurred at the C6 primary hydroxyl group of the glucose molecule subunit to form carboxylic acid groups with a degree of oxidation of 0.10. The spherical particles are about 25 nm in diameter with enhanced aqueous solubility and amenable to bioconjugation owing to the presence of carboxylic acid groups. Both the acetamide group and the crystallinity index of the starting chitin remained intact during the treatment with Oxone®.
Dissolved Silicate Enhances the Oxidation of Chlorophenols by Permanganate: Important Role of Silicate-Stabilized MnO2 Colloids (2020)

Dissolved silicate is an important background constituent of natural waters, but there is little clarity regarding the effect of silicate on the oxidizing capability of permanganate (Mn(VII)) and on its efficiency for remediation applications. In the present study, we found that dissolved silicate, metasilicate or disilicate (DS), could significantly promote the oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) by Mn(VII), and the extent of the promoting effect was even more evident than that of pyrophosphate (PP). The experiments showed that, unlike PP, DS was not capable of coordinating with Mn(III) ions, and the promoting effect of DS was not due to the oxidizing capability of complexed Mn(III). Instead, DS ions, as a weak base, could combine with the hydroxyl groups of MnO<sub>2</sub> via hydrogen bonding to limit the growth of colloidal MnO<sub>2</sub> particles. The DS-stabilized colloidal MnO<sub>2</sub> particles, with hydrodynamic diameters less than 100 nm, could act as catalysts to enhance the oxidation of 2,4-DCP by Mn(VII). The best promoting effect of DS on the performance of Mn(VII) oxidant was achieved at the initial solution pH of 7, and the coexisting bicarbonate ions further improved the oxidation of 2,4-DCP in the Mn(VII)/DS system. Sand column experiments showed that the combined use of Mn(VII) and DS additive could mitigate the problem of permeability reduction of sand associated with the retention of MnO<sub>2</sub> particles. This study not only deepens our understanding on the role of dissolved silicate in a Mn(VII) oxidation process but also provides an effective and green method to enhance the oxidizing capacity of Mn(VII)-based treatment systems.
Cold Spray: A Disruptive Technology for Enabling Novel Packaging Thermomechanical Solutions (2021)

This paper presents cold spray as a nascent semiconductor packaging capability with promising thermomechanical applications. Cold spray enables fast, low temperature, solid-state additive manufacturing of die backside coatings with near-bulk properties and low contact resistances. With appropriate process and material optimization, those coatings can reduce package warpage at reflow temperatures and improve heat spreading from die hotspots, enabling higher processor power and performance. Experiments and simulations are presented which demonstrate the advantages of the proposed die backside cold spray architecture and the breakthrough capabilities of the cold spray process itself, positioning cold spray as a powerful new packaging tool with far-reaching potential.