gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SERPINB3 induces epithelial–mesenchymal transition (2010)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition is believed to facilitate invasion and metastasis formation of epithelial tumour cells. SERPINB3 is a serine protease inhibitor, physiologically found in normal squamous epithelium but over-expressed in epithelial tumours and known to inhibit apoptosis. We tested the hypothesis that SERPINB3 has a role in invasion by modulating the epithelial-mesenchymal transition programme, using morphological, molecular and cell biology techniques on HepG2 cell clones transfected with the human SERPINB3 gene. The paracrine effect of this serpin was determined by the addition of exogenous recombinant SERPINB3 protein to HepG2 and MDCK cell line. SERPINB3 expression leads to changes in transfected cells morphology, characterized by clusters of loosely connected cells with elongated shape. Ultrastructural analysis confirmed the decrease of desmosomal junctions and widening of intercellular spaces. These alterations were associated with a reduction of E-cadherin and an increase of beta-catenin, with a parallel increase of cell proliferation. SERPINB3 clones, untransfected HepG2 and MDCK cells treated with exogenous SERPINB3 expressed vimentin, undetectable in controls. SERPINB3 induced significant cell scattering, migration and invasiveness in untransfected cells. These effects were not dependent on the anti-protease activity of the protein, as documented by the results obtained with an active loop-deleted recombinant SERPINB3 protein. Scatter activity was inhibited by an anti-SERPINB3 antibody in a dose-dependent manner and SERPINB3-transfected cells formed a significantly higher number of colonies on soft agar than controls. In conclusion, the observed results indicate that SERPINB3 induces deregulation of adhesion processes and increases the invasiveness potential supported by features of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, acting at both the autocrine and the paracrine level.
Electrically Mediated Delivery of Plasmid DNA to the Skin, Using a Multielectrode Array (2009)

The easy accessibility of skin makes it an excellent target for gene transfer protocols. To take full advantage of skin as a target for gene transfer, it is important to establish an efficient and reproducible delivery system. Electroporation is a strong candidate to meet this delivery criterion. Electroporation of the skin is a simple, direct, in vivo method to deliver genes for therapy. Previously, delivery to the skin was performed by means of applicators with relatively large distances between electrodes, resulting in significant muscle stimulation and pain. These applicators also had limitations in controlling the directionality of the applied field. To resolve this issue, a system consisting of an array of electrodes that decreased the distance between them and that were independently addressable for directional control of the field was developed. This new multielectrode array (MEA) was compared with an established electrode. In a rat model, comparable reporter expression was seen after delivery with each electrode. Delivery was also evaluated in a guinea pig model to determine the potential of this approach in an animal model with skin thickness and structure similar to human skin. The results clearly showed that effective delivery was related to both the electrode and the parameters chosen. With the MEA, the muscle twitching associated with application of electric fields was notably reduced compared with conventional electrode systems. This is important, as it will facilitate the translation of electroporation-mediated gene delivery to skin for clinical use with DNA vaccines or for therapies for cancer or protein deficiencies.
Estudo de metodologia analítica para a determinação do cetoconazol em formulações farmacêuticas (2014)

Ketoconazole is a synthetic broad-spectrum oral and topical antifungal drug derived from imidazole, effective in the treatment of superficial mycoses and systemic infections. In this study we have tested several methods to analyze ketoconazole in various pharmaceutical products containing this drug, employing techniques such as UV and IR spectrophotometry and thermal analysis. The results showed that UV spectrophotometry is a fast, practical and economical method and indicated that other methods, such as IR spectrophotometry and thermal analysis, could be good alternative methods for ketoconazole analysis in certain pharmaceutical forms.
Erythropoietin Activates Raf1 by an Shc-Independent Pathway in CTLL-EPO-R Cells (1997)

Stimulation of the erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R) or the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2-R) by their respective ligands has been reported to activate tyrosine phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic protein, Shc. We have recently characterized a cell line, CTLL-EPO-R, that contains functional cell-surface receptors for both EPO and IL-2. Although stimulation with IL-2 or IL-15 resulted in the rapid, dose-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc, stimulation with EPO failed to activate Shc. EPO, IL-2, and IL-15 activated the tyrosine phosphorylation of the adaptor protein, Shp2, and the association of Shp2/Grb2/cytokine receptor complexes. In addition, EPO, IL-2, and IL-15 activated Raf1 and ERK2, demonstrating that the Raf1/MEK/MAP kinase pathway was activated. These results indicate that multiple biochemical pathways are capable of conferring a mitogenic signal in CTLL-EPO-R. EPO can activate the Raf1/MEK/ MAP kinase pathway via Shc-dependent or Shc-independent pathways, and Shc activation is not required for EPO-dependent cell growth in CTLL-EPO-R.
CdTe:In MONOCRYSTAL MODULES FOR ALL-OPTICAL PROCESSING (1996)

The aim of this work is to present the application of photoconductive properties of electro-optical n-doped CdTe:In single crystals to all-optical processing of signals at λ=1550 nm. The mechanism exploits the photogeneration of charge carriers from deep intragap energy levels and their trap-limited drift process under the action of an externally applied cw electric field. An internal space-charge counterfield results that locally shields the electro-optic effect. Different types of free-space architectural elementary modules in CdTe:In have been implemented. A non-coherent wavelength converter, a switching device, a sampler and a time-to-space converter are presented. The nanosecond regime has been reached.
Focus+context views of World-Wide Web nodes (1997)

With the explosive growth of information that is available on the World-Wide Web, it is very easy for the user to get lost in hyperspace.
In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of a New Polysulfone Membrane for Hemodialysis. Reference Methodology and Clinical Results: (Part 1: In Vitro Study) (1999)

Different high flux membranes have been recently developed. The present study is aimed at describing the technical features and the clinical performances of a new high flux polysulfone membrane (T-sulfone, Toray, Japan). The study has been carried out on two different dialyzers (surface area = 1.3 and 1.8 m2). The filters have been tested in vitro under definite experimental conditions. The hydraulic flow resistance, the pressure drop in the blood compartment and the hydraulic permeability have been determined in a wide range of in vitro experimental conditions. The in vitro sieving coefficients for various solutes have also been determined utilizing human blood. Hydraulic permeability was found in the range of 28.4 ml/h/mm Hg/m2 and sieving coefficients were between 0.96 and 1.0 for all low molecular weight solutes. The sieving coefficient for inulin was 0.95. The pressure drop in the filter at 300 ml/min of blood flow was 95 mm Hg for the 1.3 m2 and 57 mm Hg for the 1.8 m2. The filters are then designed to operate in the presence of high blood flows without excessive resistance in the blood compartment. The blood compartment analyzed by means of a special radiological sequence obtained with a helical scanner after dye injection confirmed the homogeneous distribution of the blood flow in several cross sections of the bundle. Adequate distribution of dialysate was confirmed with a similar method applied to the dialysate compartment. The new imaging techniques utilized were greatly helpful to determine adequacy of filter design and flows distribution.
Bioabsorbable Fibers of p-Dioxanone Copolymers (1990)

Growing interest in synthetic, absorbable copolymers and their use in the production of fibers, including sutures, and drug delivery systems has been addressed in the patent and technical literature over the past fifteen years1-11 However, most investigators have focused their attention on copolymers which are derived primarily from ∝-hydroxy acids 3-6, anhydrides7,8 or oxalate esters9-11. The preparation of high molecular weight poly(p-dioxanone)12, a polyether-ester, and its conversion to a useful absorbable suture with unique properties has now led to the interest in exploring the potential of poly(p-dioxanone) containing other comonomeric units in the chain.13,14. Hence, the studies which form the basis of this report were conducted to determine the effect of incorporating different quantities of giycolyl moieties into the poly(p-dioxanone) chains on the physical and biological properties of drawn monofilaments. EXPERIMENTAL Materials and Major Characterization Methods. Polymerization grade p-dioxanone and glycolide monomers were obtained as described in early reports 3,12.
Damage does not cut it – Saturated damage in FEM modelling of metal cutting breaks the simulation but not the chip (2020)

Damage models are used in metal cutting simulations to adjust the flow stress and to enable the serrated chip formation and chip breakage. The models describe the rupture strain of the material that is a function of temperature, stress, strain and strain rate. When a damage parameter in the model reaches a critical value, the flow stress of the material decreases to a predetermined fraction. Damage models show good results in predicting the cutting forces, chip thickness and serration frequency, but using them has serious disadvantages. First, damage models describe rupture strain, that is valid in metal cutting for chip breakage, but not for damage softening or chip serration, since those are based on adiabatic shear banding. Second point, shown in this paper, when material has reached the critical damage, the saturated model doesn't perform as intended. The damage model is saturated in simulations with multiple cutting passes. The initial cut deforms the layer under the tool. The same layer is then cut during the next cutting pass. During this cut, the damage model is already saturated. The damage model issues are relevant to all machining simulations because all machining processes include the multiple cutting passes.
Differential distribution of IgA-protease genotypes in mucosal and invasive isolates of Haemophilus influenzae in Sweden (2018)

The distribution of IgA-protease gene variants in Swedish H. influenzae highlighted the widespread abundance of the igaB in isolates from cases of respiratory tract infection, but the igaB gene variant was significantly less common in invasive (bloodstream and CSF) isolates of H. influenzae compared with respiratory tract isolates.
Privacy Enhanced Healthcare Information Sharing System for Home-Based Care Environments (2019)

The proposed method aims to enhance healthcare data access and secure information delivery to preserve user's privacy. We implemented a prototype system and confirmed its feasibility by experimental evaluation. Our research can contribute to reducing patient neglect and wrongful treatment, and thus reduce health insurance costs by ensuring correct insurance claims. Our study can provide a baseline towards building distinctive intelligent treatment options to clinicians and serve as a model for home-based nursing care.
A Study of Brinell Hardness Test of Porous Materials. (1998)

The Finite Element Method is applied to the analysis of Brinell hardness test of porous materials. The numerical calculation is performed using four different plastic constitutive rules such as Gurson's rule, Tvergaard's modification of Gurson's rule, Goya-Nagaki-Sowerby's rule and a stereology-based rule that is a modification of Goya-Nagaki-Sowerby's rule. For the investigation of the validity of the rules, the numerical results are compared with experimental data for the porous materials produced by Spark Plasma Sintering method which can product porous materials of higher porosity. From the comparison it is concluded that the numerical results obtained using Tvergaard's modification of Gurson's rule or the stereology-based modification can well predict the experimental results. However, the numerical results deviate from the experimental data for the porous material of higher porosity such as fo=0.3. This deviation is attributed to the fact that the shape of pores in the porous material of fo=0.3 are quite different from the sphere that is a fundamental assumption in developing constitutive rules.
A new approach to realize high performance RF power FETs on Si(110) surface (2008)

Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) LDMOS has been considered the promising technology for radio-frequency (RF) power FETs because of its merits of high power efficiency, low standby power, outclassing RF characteristics using high resistivity base substrate and so on [1-2]. However, it is very important to improve the current drivability and suppress the flicker noise in the MOSFETs to realize the high performance RF power devices [3]. It has been reported that the hole mobility on Si(110) surface is much larger than that on Si(100) [4] and indicates the possibility for improving the CMOS performance. This experimental study reports the new approach to realize a very high performance RF power FETs on Si(110) surfaces using accumulation-mode (AM) SOI device structure with very large current drivability and very low noise level. We demonstrate that this high-speed and low-noise novel balanced CMOS device obviously improves the inverter, ring oscillator circuit performance.
Using anti-biofilm peptides to treat antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections (2015)

Host defense (antimicrobial) peptides (HDPs) are produced by virtually all organisms and have an important role in protection against microbial infections. Some naturally occurring peptides such as the human cathelicidin LL-37 and the bovine peptide indolicidin have been shown to inhibit bacterial biofilm development. Rearrangement and substantial modification of the amino acid sequence of these and other HDPs has led to the identification of small synthetic peptides with increased, broad-spectrum anti-biofilm activity that is independent of activity vs. planktonic cells. Some of these peptides have also been shown to act in synergy with antibiotics commonly used in the clinic to prevent biofilm formation and eradicate pre-existing biofilms. Recently, the mechanism of action of one of these peptides (i.e., 1018) was shown to involve binding to and causing degradation of the second messenger stress response nucleotide ppGpp, which plays an important role in biofilm formation and maintenance. Here, we review recent progress in the field of anti-biofilm peptides and propose future directions to further develop these therapeutic agents.
ChemInform Abstract: Applications of Vinylogous Mannich Reactions. Concise Enantiospecific Total Syntheses of (+)‐Croomine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Protecting APOBEC3G: a potential new target for HIV drug discovery. (2005)

Human immune cells possess a built-in mechanism that could potentially block the replication of retroviruses such as HIV-1. This protective mechanism centers on apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), a DNA-editing enzyme produced by host cells infected by certain retroviruses that is then incorporated into virions. Due to its cytidine deaminase activity, APOBEC3G is able to mutate the minus-strand DNA formed during reverse transcription. These events ultimately halt completion of the HIV life cycle. Unfortunately, HIV-1 encodes a protein termed virion infectivity factor (Vif) that specifically suppresses the activity of APOBEC3G. Vif achieves this effect by depleting the intracellular stores of APOBEC3G, thus making this antiviral enzyme unavailable for incorporation into budding virions. APOBEC3G depletion involves the recruitment of a specific E3 ligase complex by Vif leading to the polyubiquitylation and proteasome-mediated degradation of this enzyme. The potent activity of APOBEC3G has led to considerable interest in the identification of small molecules that interrupt the Vif-induced degradative process.
Novel Living Cell Sheet Harvest System Composed of Thermoreversible Methylcellulose Hydrogels (2006)

In this study, a novel yet simple method, using a thermoreversible hydrogel system coated on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) dishes, was developed for harvesting living cell sheets. The hydrogel system was prepared by simply pouring aqueous methylcellulose (MC) solutions blended with distinct salts on TCPS dishes at 20 degrees C. For the applications to cell culture, only those aqueous MC compositions that may form a gel at 37 degrees C were chosen for the study. It was found that the hydrogel coating composed of 8% MC blended with 10 g/L PBS (phosphate buffered saline) (the MC/PBS hydrogel, with a gelation temperature of approximately 25 degrees C) stayed intact throughout the entire course of cell culture. To improve cell attachments, the MC/PBS hydrogel at 37 degrees C was evenly spread with a neutral aqueous collagen at 4 degrees C. The spread aqueous collagen gradually reconstituted with time and thus formed a thin layer of collagen (the MC/PBS/collagen hydrogel). After cells reached confluence, a continuous monolayer cell sheet formed on the surface of the MC/PBS/collagen hydrogel. When the grown cell sheet was placed outside of the incubator at 20 degrees C, it detached gradually from the surface of the thermoreversible hydrogel spontaneously, without treating with any enzymes. The results obtained in the MTT assay demonstrated that the cells cultured on the surface of the MC/PBS/collagen hydrogel had an even better activity than those cultured on an uncoated TCPS dish. After harvesting the detached cell sheet, the remaining viscous hydrogel system is reusable. Additionally, the developed hydrogel system can be used for culturing a multilayer cell sheet. The obtained living cell sheets may be used for tissue reconstructions.
Workshop Report on Additive Manufacturing for Large-Scale Metal Components - Development and Deployment of Metal Big-Area-Additive-Manufacturing (Large-Scale Metals AM) System (2016)

Additive manufacturing (AM) is considered an emerging technology that is expected to transform the way industry can make low-volume, high value complex structures. This disruptive technology promises to replace legacy manufacturing methods for the fabrication of existing components in addition to bringing new innovation for new components with increased functional and mechanical properties. This report outlines the outcome of a workshop on large-scale metal additive manufacturing held at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) on March 11, 2016. The charter for the workshop was outlined by the Department of Energy (DOE) Advanced Manufacturing Office program manager. The status and impact of the Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) for polymer matrix composites was presented as the background motivation for the workshop. Following, the extension of underlying technology to low-cost metals was proposed with the following goals: (i) High deposition rates (approaching 100 lbs/h); (ii) Low cost (<$10/lbs) for steel, iron, aluminum, nickel, as well as, higher cost titanium, (iii) large components (major axis greater than 6 ft) and (iv) compliance of property requirements. The above concept was discussed in depth by representatives from different industrial sectors including welding, metal fabrication machinery, energy, construction, aerospace and heavy manufacturing. In addition, DOE’s newly launched High Performance Computing for Manufacturing (HPC4MFG) program was reviewed. This program will apply thermo-mechanical models to elucidate deeper understanding of the interactions between design, process, and materials during additive manufacturing. Following these presentations, all the attendees took part in a brainstorming session where everyone identified the top 10 challenges in large-scale metal AM from their own perspective. The feedback was analyzed and grouped in different categories including, (i) CAD to PART software, (ii) selection of energy source, (iii) systems development, (iv) material feedstock, (v) process planning, (vi) residual stress & distortion, (vii) post-processing, (viii) qualification of parts, (ix) supply chain and (x) business case. Furthermore, an open innovation network methodology was proposed to accelerate the development and deployment of new large-scale metal additive manufacturing technology with the goal of creating a new generation of high deposition rate equipment, affordable feed stocks, and large metallic components to enhance America’s economic competitiveness.
Data from Establishment and Characterization of an <i>In Vitro</i> Model of Ovarian Cancer Stem-like Cells with an Enhanced Proliferative Capacity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The establishment of cancer stem-like cell (CSC) culture systems may be instrumental in devising strategies to fight refractory cancers. Inhibition of the Rho kinase ROCK has been shown to favorably affect CSC spheroid cultures. In this study, we show how ROCK inhibition in human serous ovarian cancer (SOC) cells can help establish a CSC system, which illuminates cancer pathophysiology and its treatment in this setting. In the presence of a ROCK kinase inhibitor, spheroid cultures of SOC cells expressed characteristic CSC markers including ALDH1A1, CD133, and SOX2, along with differentiation and tumorigenic capabilities in mouse xenograft models of human SOC. High expression levels of ALDH, but not CD133, correlated with spheroid formation CSC marker expression and tumor forming capability. In clinical specimens of SOC, high levels of ALDH1A1 correlated with advanced stage and poor prognosis. Pharmacologic or genetic blockade of ALDH blocked cell proliferation and reduced expression of SOX2, the genetic ablation of which abolished spheroid formation, whereas SOX2 overexpression inhibited ALDH1A1 expression and blocked spheroid proliferation. Taken together, our findings illustrated a new method to culture human ovarian CSC, and they defined a reciprocal regulatory relationship between ALDH1A1 and SOX2, which impacts ovarian CSC proliferation and malignant progression. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(1); 150–60. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;