gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
4. Hypertension of the aged (2007)

高血圧治療ガイドラインにおける高齢者高血圧の降圧目標は，最終的には140/90 mmHg未満であるが，75歳以上の場合には，150/90 mmHg未満を目指す暫定目標が示されている．また，超高齢者高血圧の治療対象や降圧目標については十分なエビデンスがない．一般に，高齢者は同じ暦年齢であっても循環動態に関する予備能力に大きな違いがあることを認識し，患者個々の病態に応じた注意深い降圧治療が求められる．
Transport Dynamics in Ordered Bilayer Assemblies of the n-Alkanes on Pt(111) (1998)

The energetics of self-diffusion within ordered bilayer assemblies of linear hydrocarbons on Pt(111) (layer-to-layer) have been characterized using isothermal molecular beam-surface scattering in conjunction with temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection-absorption infrared (RAIR) spectroscopies. The bilayers are prepared by layering a perdeuterated n-alkane on top of a perprotio n-alkane (or vice versa). The exchange of molecules between the two layers is weakly activated, less so than is either desorption of the multilayer from the substrate (the monolayer is more strongly bound) or the various phase transitions which lead to the loss of two-dimensional order in a corresponding densely-packed monolayer of the n-alkanes. The exchange process is further characterized by substantial size-asymmetry and isotope substitution effects which result in a preference for the selective retention of the longer and (for identical chain lengths) the protio hydrocarbon at the surface regardless of the initial deposition order. Layer-to-layer exchange occurs by a displacive mechanism which follows simple mass action principles: increasing the coverage of the post-absorbed species increases the extent of exchange. The difference in the activation energy for desorption (from the bilayer) and for exchange is ∼1.5 kcal/mol for both a C8 and C10 perdeuterated n-alkane displacing an adsorbed (protio) chain of equal length. Thus, although the activation energy for self-diffusion increases with chain length, it is always less than the activation energy for sublimation by a constant amount. The implications of these results for energy dissipation mechanisms and relaxation dynamics in organic thin films are discussed and analogies to the properties of the so-called plastic-crystalline state are developed.
Radiosynthesis and initial in vitro evaluations of [18F]KBM-1 as a potential RAR-α imaging agent (2016)

1077 Objectives Retinoic acid receptor (RAR-α) plays an important role in amyloid plaque formation in Alzheimer9s Disease(AD) patients. It has been shown in some animal models that AD can be induced via retinoic acid dysregulation, which is manifested by RAR-α down-regulation. We therefore radiolabeled a novel boron-containing derivative of the RAR-α specific agonist that has been confirmed to bind RAR-α with high affinity and exhibit less cellular toxicity than known RAR agonists, Am580 and ATRA. In this study, we report the radiochemical synthesis of [18F]KBM-1 for the first time, using ArBF3-/KHF2 chemistry and demonstrate its initial in vitro binding. Methods The radiochemical synthesis of [18F]KBM-1 was carried out by formation of [18F]fluoride pendant arylboronic ester through KHF2 assisted substitution of [18F]- with corresponding p-ArBF3 at 40 °C for 180 min. In vitro cell uptake assay was performed on human tumor cell line that expresses RARα with and without unlabeled blocking agent to evaluate the specificity and binding efficiency of [18F]KBM-1. The data was expressed as %ID/mg of protein present in each well with p values ≤ .05 considered statistically significant. Results [18F]KBM-1 was synthesized with high radiochemical purity (>98%) and specific activity ~3000 mCi/µmol (decay corrected to EOS). [18F]KBM-1 was produced in 13% decay corrected radiochemical yield (n>10) in a total synthesis and formulation time of 3.0 h. From the in vitro cell uptake assay results, the uptake of [18F]KBM-1 was inhibited by blockade ~50%, 34% and 35% after 5, 15 and 60 min of incubation times respectively. Conclusions [18F]KBM-1 was synthesized for the first time using the ArBF3-/KHF2 chemistry with high radiochemical purity and specific activity. The in vitro cell uptake assay indicate that [18F]KBM-1 has the potential to serve as a RAR-α imaging agent with further in vivo studies.
AAV as An Immunogen (2007)

The first in vivo adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) gene transfer experiments were performed in murine models of muscle directed gene transfer. These studies were remarkable for stable expression of a variety of immunogenic transgenes. These findings were translated to other target organs with multiple therapeutic gene products. Technological improvements and the lessons learned from basic research have heralded an era of first-in-human clinical trials. In most settings, AAV appears to evade host immune surveillance, allowing the delivery of robust levels of genetic cargo that leads to persistent expression. However, in few experimental settings immunological responses raised following AAV mediated gene transfer have compromised vector efficacy. Parameters that determine these occurrences have been proposed to be pre-existing immunity to AAV, the route of administration, the kinetics of expression, the dose, the vector serotype and its ability to transduce antigen-presenting cells (APCs) as well as the host species and nature of the specific transgene product. Overall, the underlying mechanisms remain the topic of scientific debate. This review aims to compile, confront and critically discuss the findings in which AAV appears to be an immunogen.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound with sub-micron sized contrast agents detects insulitis and β-cell mass decline in mouse models of type 1 diabetes (2019)

ABSTRACT Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is characterized by the infiltration of autoreactive T-cells into the islet of Langerhans, and depletion of insulin-secreting β-cells. This immune cell infiltration (insulitis) first occurs during an asymptomatic phase of T1D that can take place many years prior to clinical diagnosis. Methods to diagnose insulitis and changes in β-cell mass during this asymptomatic phase are limited, thus precluding early therapeutic intervention. While therapeutic treatments can delay T1D progression, treatment efficacy is limited and widely varying, and a method to track this efficacy is also lacking. During T1D progression, the islet microvasculature increases permeability as a result of insulitis, in both mouse models of T1D and humans with T1D. This increased permeability can allow nanoparticles, such as contrast agents for diagnostic imaging, to access the islet microenvironment. Contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) uses shell-stabilized gas bubbles to provide high acoustic backscatter in vasculature and tissue and is clinically approved. A novel, sub-micron sized ‘nanobubble’ (NB) ultrasound contrast agent has been developed and shown to extravasate and accumulate in tumors, where microvascular permeability is high. To test whether CEUS can be used to measure increased islet microvasculature permeability and indicate the asymptomatic phase of T1D, we applied CEUS measurements with NBs in pre-clinical T1D models. NOD mice and mice receiving an adoptive-transfer of diabetogenic splenocytes showed accumulation of NBs specifically within the pancreatic islets, and only in the presence of insulitis. This accumulation was measured by both ultrasound contrast and histological analysis, and accumulation only occurred for sub-micron sized bubbles. Importantly, accumulation was detected as early as 4w in NOD mice. Thus, CEUS with sub-micron sized NB contrast agent may provide a predicative marker for disease progression early in asymptomatic T1D, as well as monitoring of disease prevention or reversal.
Query log analysis (2007)

Analysis of search engine query logs is an important tool for developers and researchers. However, the potentially personal content of query logs raises a number of questions about the use of that data. Privacy advocates are concerned about potential misuse of personal data; search engine providers are interested in protecting their users while maintaining a competitive edge; and academic researchers are frustrated by barriers to shared learning though shared data analysis. This paper reports on a workshop held at the WWW 2007 Conference to foster dialogue on the social and technical challenges that are posed by the content of query logs and the analysis of that content.
Suppression of the ELO-2 FA Elongation Activity Results in Alterations of the Fatty Acid Composition and Multiple Physiological Defects, Including Abnormal Ultradian Rhythms, in Caenorhabditis elegans (2003)

While the general steps of fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis are well understood, the individual enzymes involved in the elongation of long chain saturated and polyunsaturated FA (PUFA) are largely unknown. Recent research indicates that these enzymes might be of considerable physiological importance for human health. We use Caenorhabditis elegans to study FA elongation activities and associated abnormal phenotypes. In this article we report that the predicted C. elegans F11E6.5/ELO-2 is a functional enzyme with the FA elongation activity. It is responsible for the elongation of palmitic acid and is involved in PUFA biosynthesis. RNAi-mediated suppression of ELO-2 causes an accumulation of palmitate and an associated decrease in the PUFA fraction in triacylglycerides and phospholipid classes. This imbalance in the FA composition results in multiple phenotypic defects such as slow growth, small body size, reproductive defects, and changes in rhythmic behavior. ELO-2 cooperates with the previously reported ELO-1 in 20-carbon PUFA production, and at least one of the enzymes must function to provide normal growth and development in C. elegans. The presented data indicate that suppression of a single enzyme of the FA elongation machinery is enough to affect various organs and systems in worms. This effect resembles syndromic disorders in humans.
Template‐ and Surfactant‐Free Room Temperature Synthesis of Pt/C and Pt−Rh/C Nanowires/Nanoparticles for Ethanol Electro‐Oxidation (2023)

Abstract The synthesis of Pt−Rh alloy nanowires (NWs) using straightforward methodologies remains a challenge. Here, carbon‐supported Pt and Pt−Rh nanowire catalysts were synthesised by chemical reduction at room temperature, without using surfactants or templates. The method of synthesis used yielded Pt/C NWs and a mixture of nanowires with some nanoparticles for the Pt−Rh/C catalysts (characterised using XRD, TEM, EDX, XPS, and XAS). The nanoparticles form due to differences in the surface energy and atomic radius between Pt and Rh. The binary NWs are found to be more active towards ethanol oxidation than the commercial Pt/C reference catalyst. Additionally, the Pt−Rh/C NW catalyst displays a specific activity 2.5‐fold higher than the Pt/C NWs and Pt/C reference catalysts after 15 min of chronoamperometric tests (at 0.5 V vs RHE). Thus, the synthesised carbon‐supported Pt NWs and Pt−Rh nanowires‐nanoparticles are promising alternatives for direct ethanol fuel cell anodes.
LKB1 signaling is altered in skeletal muscle of a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model (2023)

The potential role of liver kinase B1 (LKB1) in the altered activation of the master metabolic and epigenetic regulator adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in Duchenne muscular dystrophy has not been investigated so far. Hence, we analyzed both gene and protein levels of LKB1 and its related targets in gastrocnemius muscles of adult C57BL/10 mdx mice and D2 mdx mice, a model with a more severe dystrophic phenotype, as well as the sensitivity of the LKB1-AMPK pathway to AMPK activators, such as chronic exercise. Our data show, for the first time, a reduction in the levels of LKB1 and accessory proteins, MO25 and STRADα, in both mdx strains versus the respective wild type, which was further impaired by exercise, in parallel with a lack of further phosphorylation of AMPK. The AMPK-like kinase salt-inducible kinase (SIK) and class II histone deacetylases, along with expression of the HDAC target gene Mef2c, were also altered, supporting an impairment of LKB1-SIK-class II histone deacetylase signaling. Our results demonstrate that LKB1 may be involved in dystrophic progression, paving the way for future preclinical studies.
Low‐Temperature Alignment of Conjugated Polymers by Plasticizer‐Aided Physical Rubbing (2023)

Rubbing-induced alignment of conjugated polymers is systematically investigated in terms of intra- and inter-molecular interaction. Various polymer films with a broad range of polymer chain rigidity are rubbed, and the degree of polymer chain alignment is quantitatively characterized. The rubbing technique effectively aligns crystalline domains in conjugated polymer films when the temperature approaches the critical rubbing temperature ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation>$T_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{c}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> ), at which the rearrangement and the slip of polymer chains are possible. A polymer with significant intra-/inter-molecular interactions exhibits higher <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation>$T_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{c}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> , though quantitative analysis reveals an intermediately aligned state at temperature T<sub>r</sub> ' lower than <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:semantics><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>T</mml:mi> <mml:mi>r</mml:mi> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:msubsup> <mml:annotation>$T_{\mathrm{r}}^{\mathrm{c}}$</mml:annotation></mml:semantics> </mml:math> . This state originates from polymer chain aggregation in an amorphous domain. The intermediately aligned state can be controlled by plasticizer, which enables low-temperature alignment of high-mobility polymer film by reducing T<sub>r</sub> ' to near 100 °C, increases the crystallinity, and improves the alignment effect at this state comparable to that of the completely aligned state obtained at extremely high temperatures.
Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction Using Ruthenium Tetrakis(diaquaplatinum)Octacarboxyphthalocyanine Catalyst Supported on MWCNT Platform (2010)

Abstract Electrocatalytic reduction of molecular oxygen in alkaline solution using a novel ruthenium tetrakis(diaquaplatinum)octacarboxyphthalocyanine (RuOCPcPt) electrocatalyst supported on multi‐walled carbon nanotube electrode has been described. We show that the oxygen reduction activity follows a direct 4‐electron transfer process at high kinetic rate constant, 3.57×10 −2 cm s −1 .
Measurement of the tt¯ production cross-section in the lepton+jets channel at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS experiment (2020)

The top anti-top quark production cross-section is measured in the lepton+jets channel using protonproton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of s = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The dataset corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb -1 . Events with exactly one charged lepton and four or more jets in the final state, with at least one jet containing b-hadrons, are used to determine the t t production cross-section through a profile-likelihood fit. The inclusive cross-section is measured to be inc = 830 0.4 (stat.) 36 (syst.) 14 (lumi.) pb with a relative uncertainty of 4.6%.
Bringing Google earth to virtual reality (2016)

Since its inception, Google Earth has been brought to a variety of platforms: from desktop to mobile devices, from native to web. This talk discusses bringing Google Earth to virtual reality, a platform that poses unique challenges in user interaction and rendering. We present solutions to help users navigate planet-sized worlds in VR without losing context or becoming nauseous, and talk about techniques used to render such large worlds at the steady high frame rates that are required for VR.
<title>Spectroscopic evaluation of polyazamacrocyclic Tb(III) chelates for application in diagnostic imaging</title> (1997)

The use of fluorescence probes for in-vivo diagnostics is at the forefront of medical science. To transition this technique into the clinical environment, quantitative spectral analysis and knowledge of the cellular interactions of the marker probes is vital. Furthermore, fluorescence intensity and lifetime changes, as a function of physiological environment, represents a diagnostic opportunity. A new class of polyazamacrocyclic chelates of Terbium have been identified with rich spectroscopic properties. These chelates are tissue selective, have fluorescence lifetimes on the order of milliseconds, sharply spiked emission spectra (&lt; 15 nm FWHM), large Stokes shifts (&gt; 280 nm), good water solubility and high quantum yields (approximately 0.6 for PCTMB). We will present our in-vitro and in-vivo spectroscopic evaluation of the chelates. In addition to the spectral investigations, results from cellular binding specificity studies using Sprague-Dawley rats with UMR 108 osteosarcomas will be presented. The potential to use the Tb(III) chelates as neoplastic tissue markers will be discussed.
Chemical targeting of voltage sensitive dyes to specific cell types in the brain (2020)

Voltage sensitive fluorescent dyes (VSDs) are important tools for probing signal transduction in neurons and other excitable cells. These sensors, rendered highly lipophilic to anchor the conjugated π-wire molecular framework in the membrane, offer several favorable functional parameters including fast response kinetics and high sensitivity to membrane potential changes. The impact
Solid-state lamp with integral occupancy sensor (2010)

Previous work demonstrated a retrofit proximity detector for fluorescent lamps using the lamp's own stray electric fields. This paper extends the retrofit sensor system to a solid-state (LED) lamp. The design and implementation of a suitable driver (¿ballast¿) for the LED lamp is presented. Design considerations for the ballast include those relevant to lighting (e.g. color cast and dimming levels) as well as those relevant to sensing of human occupants. Two electro-quasistatic modeling approaches for the lamp sensor are discussed. Experimental data from the LED lamp sensor are presented and compared to one of the proposed quasistatic models.
Distribution of PYY receptors in human fat cells: an antilipolytic system alongside the alpha 2-adrenergic system (1993)

The antilipolytic effect of peptide YY (PYY) and neuropeptide Y has recently been shown in human adipocytes. PYY receptors were investigated in three human adipose deposits. A greater number of 125I-labeled PYY binding sites was found in femoral adipocyte membranes (maximal binding = 40 +/- 4 fmol/mg protein; dissociation constant = 0.3 +/- 0.1 nM) when compared with mammary and pericolonic adipose tissue. PYY receptors, like alpha 2-adrenergic sites, were largely expressed in femoral fat cells. Such a distribution was not specific either to inhibitory or to stimulating adenylyl cyclase systems since adenosine A1 and beta-adrenergic receptors were more numerous in pericolonic adipocytes. On isolated adipocytes, PYY (10(-7) M) inhibited lipolysis by 58 +/- 2% in femoral and 14 +/- 4% in pericolonic fat cells; epinephrine had the following similar response: 62 +/- 5 and 26 +/- 8%, respectively. A close relationship between the number of alpha 2-sites and PYY sites and the antilipolytic effects initiated by PYY and an alpha 2-agonist was observed. No significant differences were noted in the amount of Gi proteins in femoral and pericolonic adipocyte membranes.
Relation between stress-induced leakage current and time-dependent dielectric breakdown in ultra-thin gate oxides (1999)

The stress-induced leakage current (SILC) of a 4.2 nm SiO2 layer is investigated during constant gate voltage stress of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors. The density of bulk electron traps generated during the electrical stress is extracted from the SILC contribution, assuming a trap-assisted tunnelling mechanism. It is shown that a fixed critical value for the density of traps is reached at breakdown or soft breakdown of the SiO2 layer, independent of the gate voltage stress. A physical model based on the formation of a percolation path between the bulk electron traps randomly generated during the stress is proposed to link SILC to time-dependent dielectric breakdown in ultra-thin gate oxides. The validity of this model with respect to positive and negative stress polarities is discussed. It is also shown that this model allows us to predict the reliability of ultra-thin gate oxide layers at low applied gate voltage stress.
Synthesis of a doubly-bridged oxygen-carrier which shows reduced affinity for carbon monoxide (1980)

The synthesis is described of an FeII porphyrin carrying an anthracene bridge across one face and a pyridine bridge across the other; this molecule minics the structural features and properties of natural oxygen-carrying systems.
Translational control analysis by translationally active RNA capture/microarray analysis (TrIP–Chip) (2010)

We have developed a new approach to systematically study post-transcriptional regulation in a small number of cells. Actively translating mRNAs are associated with polysomes and the newly synthesized peptide chains are closely associated with molecular chaperones such as hsp70s, which assist in the proper folding of nascent polypeptides into higher ordered structures. These chaperones provide an anchor with which to separate actively translating mRNAs associated with polysomes from free mRNAs. Affinity capture beads were developed to capture hsp70 chaperones associated with the polysome complexes. The isolated actively translating mRNAs were used for high-throughput expression profiling analysis. Feasibility was demonstrated using an in vitro translation system with known translationally regulated mRNA transcript thymidylate synthase (TS). We further developed the approach using HCT-116 colon cancer cells with both TS and p53 as positive controls. The steady-state levels of TS and p53 mRNAs were unaltered after 5-fluorouracil treatment as assessed by real-time qRT-PCR analysis. In contrast, the protein expression and polysome-associated mRNA levels of both genes were increased. These differences in translational rate were revealed with our new approach from 500 cells. This technology has the potential to make investigation of translational control feasible with limited quantities of clinical specimens.