gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data-Replay Analysis of LAAS Safety during Ionosphere Storms (2007)

As reported in [2,4,5], previous Stanford research has identified the potential for severe ionosphere spatial gradients to affect Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) integrity. In previous work [1], real-time position-domain geometry screening was used to maximize LAAS availability in the presence of ionosphere anomalies by broadcasting an inflated value of o vig so that the maximum-ionosphere-induced-error-invertical (MIEV) for all viable airborne “subset” geometries (subsets of the set of satellites visible to and approved by the LGF) is below a pre-determined safe limit. The results of this work are based on the LAAS ionosphere spatial-gradient “threat model” established and validated with ionosphere storm data observed from WAAS and IGS since 2000 [2,4]. This previous approach leads to marginal availability of the required integrity (95 to 99 percent) and does not give the higher availability that is desired (99.9 percent or higher). In this paper, data from the Ohio cluster of CORS stations on November 20, 2003 and the North Carolina cluster of CORS stations on October 29, 2003 from [6] are used to perform “data-replay” analysis for several independent station pairs with separations from 23 to 75 km. These separations are significantly further than the effective LAAS user-to-LGF separation at the CAT I decision height. Comparisons of the result of data-replay analysis with the result of worst-case simulation in the manner of [1] are made. The conclusion derived from these comparisons is that CAT I ionosphere analysis performed by worst-case simulation is conservative but not unreasonable.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Epigenetic Silencing of miR-490-3p Reactivates the Chromatin Remodeler SMARCD1 to Promote <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>–Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S2: Expression and function of miR-490-3p.&lt;/p&gt;
Consolidation and Mechanical Properties of Near-Net-Shape Al-21 wt.% Si Component Fabricated by Plasma Spray Forming (2007)

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-21 wt% Si components fabricated by plasma spray forming are analyzed. The microstructure of the plasma spry formed component showed a homogeneous distribution of fine Si particles embedded in the Al matrix. The grain size of α-Al varied between 200 to 500 nm and the size of the Si particles was about 50 to 100 nm in the plasma spray formed component. The room temperature tensile strength of the plasma spray formed component was 215 MPa with 0.5 % elongation, while for cast material, it was 130 MPa. Despite the porosities, the ultra-fine microstructure and homogeneous distribution of Si particles embedded in matrix are the foundation of the increased strength of the plasma spry formed component.
CuO/ZnO Nanocorals synthesis via hydrothermal technique: growth mechanism and their application as Humidity Sensor (2012)

We demonstrate hydrothermal synthesis of coral-like CuO nanostructures by selective growth on ZnO nanorods (NRs) at low temperatures. During the hydrothermal processing the resulting hydroxylated and eroded surface of ZnO NRs becomes favorable for the CuO nanostructures growth via oriented attachments. Heterojunction p–n diodes fabricated from the CuO/ZnO nanocorals (NCs) reveal stable and high rectification diode properties with a turn-on voltage of ∼1.52 V and a negligible reverse current. The humidity sensing characteristics of the CuO/ZnO NC diodes exhibit a remarkable linear (in a semilogarithmic scale) decrease in the DC resistance by more than three orders when the relative humidity is changed from 30–90%. The NC humidity sensor is also found to reveal the highest sensitivity factor of ∼6045 among available data for the constituent materials and a response and recovery time of 6 s and 7 s, respectively.
Process Window Derivation With an Application to Optical Media Manufacturing (2000)

This paper derives the process window from quantitative process models. Multi-dimensional clipping algorithms are developed that operate on half-spaces defined from the quality specifications. The resulting polytope is difficult to directly interpret. To support interactive tuning and optimization of manufacturing processes, three types of graphical matrices are presented to the decision maker: (1) the function matrix describes the relations between the process parameters and the manufactured part quality attributes; (2) the process space illustrates the feasible processing space constrained by the product quality specifications; (3) the performance space provides the feasible region of the part quality attributes and the Pareto Optimal set corresponding to the processing space. Optimization of optical media manufacturing is presented to demonstrate the use of the process window to locate a feasible solution and proceed to a desired trade-off of multiple quality attributes.
Development of a Device for the Nondestructive Thermal Diffusivity Determination of Combustion Chamber Deposits and Thin Coatings (2014)

An experimental radiation chamber has been developed to nondestructively measure the thermal diffusivity of a combustion chamber deposit (CCD) layer. The accumulation of CCD shifts the operability range of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) to lower loads where the fuel economy benefit of HCCI over a traditional spark ignition strategy is at a maximum. The formation and burn-off of CCD introduce operational variability, which increases the control system burden of a practical HCCI engine. To fully characterize the impact of CCD on HCCI combustion and develop strategies which limit the CCD imposed variability, the thermal and physical properties of HCCI CCD must be determined without destroying the morphology of the CCD layer. The radiation chamber device provides a controlled, inert atmosphere absent of cyclical pressure oscillations and fuel/air interactions found within an engine. The device exposes temperature probes coated with CCD to controlled heat flux pulses generated by a graphite emitter and a rotating disk. CCD layer thermal diffusivity is then calculated based on the phase delay of the sub-CCD temperature response relative to the response of the temperature probe when clean. This work validates the accuracy of the radiation chamber's diffusivity determination methodology by testing materials of known properties. Wafers of three different materials, whose thermal diffusivities span two orders of magnitude centered on predicted CCD diffusivity values, are installed over the temperature probes to act as CCD surrogates. Multiple thicknesses of each material are tested over a range of heat flux pulse durations. Diffusivity values determined from radiation chamber testing are independent of sample thickness with each of the three calibration materials. The radiation chamber diffusivity values exhibit a slight, but consistent underprediction for all wafers due to residual contact resistance at the wafer–probe interface. Overall, the validation studies establish the radiation chamber as an effective device for the nondestructive thermal diffusivity determination of thin insulative coatings. The similarity of expected CCD diffusivity values to those of the validation specimens instills confidence that the methodology and device presented herein can be successfully utilized in the characterization of HCCI CCD layers.
Shifting the bioinformatics computing paradigm: A case study in parallelizing genome annotation using MAKER and Work Queue (2012)

Next generation sequencing technologies have enabled various entities, ranging from large sequencing centers to individual laboratories, to sequence organisms of choice and analyze them on demand. Sequencing and analysis, however, is only part of the equation: to learn about a certain organism, scientists need to annotate it. Each of these problems is highly parallel at a basic level of computation; however, only a few applications support single parallelization frameworks such as MPI. Because of the overall increasing demand for computational analysis and the inherent parallelism available in these problems, applications should easily run on clusters, clouds, and/or grids (even simultaneously); this would enable labs of various sizes to harness the computing power available to them without forcing them to invest in a particular type of batch system. Here we describe modifications made to one particular tool, MAKER. MAKER is a tool for genome annotation that is provided as both a serial application and as an MPI application. We make modifications to enable it to run without MPI and to utilize a wide variety of distributed computing platforms. Further, our proposed parallel framework allows for easy explicit data transfer, which helps overcome a major limitation of bioinformatics tools that generally rely on a shared filesystem. The distributed computing framework we chose to utilize can be used, even during early stages of development, to run bioinformatics tools on clusters, grids, and clouds. We present an evaluation of our modifications using the Caenorhabditis japonica genome comprising 180 megabases of data and achieve a speedup of 45× using 50 workers.
Co-culture of osteocytes and neurons on a unique patterned surface (2011)

Neural and skeletal communication is essential for the maintenance of bone mass and transmission of pain, yet the mechanism(s) of signal transduction between these tissues is unknown. The authors established a novel system to co-culture murine long bone osteocyte-like cells (MLO-Y4) and primary murine dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons. Assessment of morphology and maturation marker expression on perlecan domain IV peptide (PlnDIV) and collagen type-1 (Col1) demonstrated that PlnDIV was an optimal matrix for MLO-Y4 culture. A novel matrix-specificity competition assay was developed to expose these cells to several extracellular matrix proteins such as PlnDIV, Col1, and laminin (Ln). The competition assay showed that approximately 70% of MLO-Y4 cells preferred either PlnDIV or Col1 to Ln. To co-culture MLO-Y4 and DRG, we developed patterned surfaces using micro-contact printing to create 40 μm × 1 cm alternating stripes of PlnDIV and Ln or PlnDIV and Col1. Co-culture on PlnDIV/Ln surfaces demonstrated that these matrix molecules provided unique cues for each cell type, with MLO-Y4 preferentially attaching to the PlnDIV lanes and DRG neurons to the Ln lanes. Approximately 80% of DRG were localized to Ln. Cellular processes from MLO-Y4 were closely associated with axonal extensions of DRG neurons. Approximately 57% of neuronal processes were in close proximity to nearby MLO-Y4 cells at the PlnDIV-Ln interface. The surfaces in this new assay provided a unique model system with which to study the communication between osteocyte-like cells and neurons in an in vitro environment.
A Passive I/Q Millimeter-Wave Mixer and Switch in 45-nm CMOS SOI (2013)

This paper presents passive integrated circuits for millimeter-wave transmitters and receivers implemented in a 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process. The advantages of SOI over bulk CMOS are discussed for millimeter-wave passive circuits. First, a single pole double throw (SPDT) switch demonstrates a measured insertion loss of less than 1.7 dB at 45 GHz and third-order intermodulation intercept point (IIP3) of 18.2 dBm. Second, a double-balanced passive in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) mixer exhibits a conversion loss of 8.35 dB at 44 GHz and IIP3 of 15.5 dBm. At a fixed IF of 200 MHz, the minimum I/Q gain and phase imbalance is 0.25 dB and 1.9 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> . The passive mixer and SPDT switch results demonstrate a record minimum insertion loss and linearity performance for the passive millimeter-wave circuits.
Identification of the c- myc Oncogene Product in Normal and Malignant B Cells (1983)

Antiserum to a synthetic peptide corresponding to the carboxyl-terminus of the human c-myc protein immunoprecipitated a 48,000-dalton protein from a number of normal and malignant human and mouse cells. The size of the protein is consistent with the potential coding region predicted from the c-myc nucleotide sequence, and is the same for malignant cells carrying either a rearranged or an unrearranged c-myc oncogene. Because c-myc transcripts are expressed at higher levels in malignant than in normal B cells, it appears that an increased level of the c-myc protein rather than a change in the gene product is the relevant factor in determining transformation.
Zika Virus Alters DNA Methylation of Neural Genes in an Organoid Model of the Developing Human Brain (2018)

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during early pregnancy can cause microcephaly and associated defects at birth, but whether it can induce neurologic sequelae that appear later in life remains unclear. Using a model of the developing brain based on embryonic stem cell-derived brain organoids, we studied the impact of ZIKV infection on the DNA methylation pattern across the entire genome in selected neural cell types. The virus unexpectedly alters the DNA methylome of neural progenitors, astrocytes, and differentiated neurons at genes that have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of brain disorders, most prominently mental retardation and schizophrenia. Our results suggest that ZIKV infection during fetal development could lead to a spectrum of delayed-onset neuropsychiatric complications. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Scientific research on human neural stem cells and cerebral organoids has confirmed the congenital neurotropic and neurodestructive nature of the Zika virus. However, the extent to which prenatal ZIKV infection is associated with more subtle brain alterations, such as epigenetic changes, remains ill defined. Here, we address the question of whether ZIKV infection induces DNA methylation changes with the potential to cause brain disorders later in life.
CT Angiography after 20 Years: A Transformation in Cardiovascular Disease Characterization Continues to Advance (2014)

Through a marriage of spiral computed tomography (CT) and graphical volumetric image processing, CT angiography was born 20 years ago. Fueled by a series of technical innovations in CT and image processing, over the next 5-15 years, CT angiography toppled conventional angiography, the undisputed diagnostic reference standard for vascular disease for the prior 70 years, as the preferred modality for the diagnosis and characterization of most cardiovascular abnormalities. This review recounts the evolution of CT angiography from its development and early challenges to a maturing modality that has provided unique insights into cardiovascular disease characterization and management. Selected clinical challenges, which include acute aortic syndromes, peripheral vascular disease, aortic stent-graft and transcatheter aortic valve assessment, and coronary artery disease, are presented as contrasting examples of how CT angiography is changing our approach to cardiovascular disease diagnosis and management. Finally, the recently introduced capabilities for multispectral imaging, tissue perfusion imaging, and radiation dose reduction through iterative reconstruction are explored with consideration toward the continued refinement and advancement of CT angiography.
Laparoscopic-assisted resection of right-sided colonic carcinoma: A case-control study (1999)

We conclude that laparoscopic-assisted resection of right-sided colonic adenocarcinoma has the advantage over open surgery of allowing earlier recovery. However, this is at the expense of a longer operating time.
Supplementary Tables S1-S3 from A Phase 1 First-in-Human Study of FS118, a Tetravalent Bispecific Antibody Targeting LAG-3 and PD-L1 in Patients with Advanced Cancer and PD-L1 Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1: Representativeness of Study Participants.Supplementary Table S2: Immunogenicity in patients treated with FS118.Supplementary Table S3: PK of FS118 by Dose Level.&lt;/p&gt;
Anonymous trust: digital rights management using broadcast encryption (2004)

Broadcast encryption is an active area of cryptographic research. Originally defined by Fiat and Naor, broadcast encryption refers to key management schemes that operate when the participating parties do not have a two-way communication path. We contrast that with public-key cryptography: all known public-key protocols require a handshake to establish a common key. We extend the use of broadcast encryption to solve problems that have been traditionally addressed by public-key cryptography: we discuss the xCP cluster protocol, a proposed digital rights management (DRM) system for the home entertainment network, and we illustrate a broadcast-encryption-based content distribution system, which can work without requiring any secrets in the DRM client.
OS14.4.A The Neuroplastic Potential of the Human Brain before and After Glioma Surgery: Towards “Interventional Neurorehabilitation (2021)

Abstract INTRODUCTION The human brain is a highly neuroplastic ‘complex’ network: it self-organises without a hard blueprint, adapts to evolving circumstances, and can withstand insults. However, similar to other naturally occurring networks, brain networks can only endure a finite amount of damage before cognitive processes are affected. In this study, we first sought to establish the brain networks governing domain-general cognition (DGC) in healthy individuals across the lifespan. We then sought to map, track, and potentially rehabilitate networks governing DGC through connectomics and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) when damaged by low-grade gliomas (LGG) and surgical oncology. METHODS Using MRI and cognitive data from n=629 individuals (aged 18–88, Female= 51%), we assessed the structural, functional, and topological relevance of the spatially-distributed multiple-demand (MD) system for DGC. Next, in n=17 patients undergoing glioma surgery, we longitudinally acquired connectomic and cognitive data at multiple time points: pre-surgery and post-surgery Day 1, Month 3, Month 12. In an independent cohort of n=34 patients, we sought to establish the safety profile for “interventional neurorehabilitation”: connectome-driven NIBS in the acute post-operative period to accelerate cognitive recovery. RESULTS In healthy individuals, the MD system across multiple scales of biological organisation was positively associated with higher-order cognition (Catell’s fluid intelligence). In our patients, pre-operative LGG infiltration into the structural MD system was negatively associated with the number of long-term cognitive deficits, suggesting a functional reorganisation. Mixed-effects modelling demonstrated the resilience of the functional MD system to infiltration and resection, while the early post-operative period was critical for effective neurorehabilitation. Graph analyses revealed increased perioperative modularity can distinguish patients with long-term cognitive improvements at one-year follow-up. Finally, NIBS within two weeks post-craniotomy had a 90% (n=31/34) recruitment rate into the trial. There were no seizures or serious complications due to NIBS in this patient population. Transient headaches and tingling were reported in a minority of patients. CONCLUSION For the first time, we elucidate long-term cognitive and network trajectories following LGG surgery while establishing a positive safety-profile for NIBS in the acute post-operative period. We argue that “mesoscale” brain mapping serves as a robust biomarker for intervention-related plasticity for future clinical trials. While we performed these experiments in the context of neurosurgery, connectomics and NIBS could be adopted across diverse neuro-oncological care pathways (i.e. chemotherapy/radiation).
Design Considerations of Istar Hydrocarbon Fueled Combustor Operating in Air Augmented Rocket, Ramjet and Scramjet Modes (2002)

The development and ground test of a rocket-based combined cycle (RBCC) propulsion system is being conducted as part of the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Integrated System Test of an Airbreathing Rocket (ISTAR) program. The eventual flight vehicle (X-43B) is designed to support an air-launched self-powered Mach 0.7 to 7.0 demonstration of an RBCC engine through all of its airbreathing propulsion modes - air augmented rocket (AAR), ramjet (RJ), and scramjet (SJ). Through the use of analytical tools, numerical simulations, and experimental tests the ISTAR program is developing and validating a hydrocarbon-fueled RBCC combustor design methodology. This methodology will then be used to design an integrated RBCC propulsion system thai: produces robust ignition and combustion stability characteristics while maximizing combustion efficiency and minimizing drag losses. First order analytical and numerical methods used to design hydrocarbon-fueled combustors are discussed with emphasis on the methods and determination of requirements necessary to establish engine operability and performance characteristics.
Digital Baseband Compensation of I/Q Imbalance in Mobile OFDM (2008)

I/Q imbalance and high mobility in OFDM systems result in performance-limiting intercarrier interference (ICI). However, the nature of ICI due to each of them is quite different. Unlike previous works which considered these two impairments separately, we develop a unified mathematical framework to characterize and mitigate ICI when both impairments are present. In addition, we exploit the special ICI structure to design efficient OFDM channel estimation and digital baseband compensation schemes for I/Q imbalance under high-mobility conditions.
THE COMPOSITE MECHANISM AND THE ACID RESISTANCE OF POLYMER MODIFIED CALCIUM ALUMINATE CEMENT (2013)

下水道施設では硫酸によるコンクリートの劣化が問題となっている。耐硫酸性を有する補修材料としてアルミナセメントとポリマーエマルションの複合化機構について検討を行うとともに、硫酸と塩酸に対する耐久性の評価を行った。3種のポリマーエマルションを混和したところ、セメント粒子への吸着量が少ないエマルションを混和した場合に、水和の遅延が少なく、耐酸性が向上した。EPMAにより、このポリマーセメントでは、セメント粒子表面ではなく、水和生成物間にエマルションが濃縮していた。
Multi-charge pumping at 1GHz with a hybrid metal/semiconductor device (2012)

We present a new electron pump based on a metallic (NiSi) nanowire and two short silicon transistors acting as tunable barriers. Several electrons are pumped at high frequency and zero bias with a scheme where a controlled number of Coulomb segments are enclosed. The record current of 1.12 nA is produced at 0.6K and 1 GHz with 7 electrons per cycle (I=7ef). The devices are robust, mass-produced and can be integrated with on-chip silicon electronics to build a practical standard.