gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thin Films of Hydrophobically Modified Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (2005)

The behavior of a poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrophobically modified by incorporating 0.33 mol % of a pyrenyl derivative, [4-(1-pyrenyl)butyl]amine hydrochloride (PY) and 3.56 mol % of dodecylamine (DO) has been studied at the air/water interface. Surface pressure-area isotherm measurements show that the film is initially anchored by the hydrophobic groups at the air-water interface with a pancake-like structure and, with increasing surface pressure, evolves to a quasi mushroom structure, finally reaching a brush configuration at high pressures. Monolayers of this polymer were transferred to silica substrates using the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique at 5, 15, and 25 mN.m(-1). The properties of the LB films were studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence as well as by atomic force microscopy. The results show that the aggregates formed at low pressures are disrupted by pressure increase, while the water-soluble poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) becomes dissolved in the water subphase.
Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: AUA/ASTRO Guideline, Part I: Introduction, Risk Assessment, Staging, and Risk-Based Management (2022)

This guideline aims to inform clinicians treating patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. Continued research and publication of high-quality evidence from future trials will be essential to further improve care for these men.
Evaluation of MMX1902 as an Oral Treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (2016)

Abstract : In the cardiac-focused study conducted, 10-week-old mdx mice were exercised at 15 m/min for 60 minutes 2 times a week for 10 weeks. Four different SQ treatment groups (n = 9/group) were evaluated wild-type controls and three groups of mdx mice: vehicle (saline) and two MMX1902 doses (1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg/day). DMD-associated cardiomyopathy is a dilated cardiomyopathy and, as such, is marked by increased left ventricular volume and decreased ejection fraction with compensatory tachycardia. Following treatment and exercise, echocardiography showed daily MMX1902 treatment at the 2 mg/kg/day dose to reduce left ventricular end systolic volume, increase ejection fraction, and ameliorate tachycardia resulting in cardiac functional measures comparable to exercised wild-type control mice. Further, embryonic myosin heavy chain (eMHC) staining of the diaphragm showed a significant increase in eMHC positive muscle fibers with MMX1902 treatment, at both doses, supporting to the potential for MMX1902 treatment to stimulate and sustain regeneration even in the face of long-term, intensive exercise.
Synthesis of N-protected nortopsentins B and D (2000)

Indole-3-carboxamidines 13 and 14, prepared from the corresponding amides 7 and 8 via the thioamides 9 and 10, were reacted with 3-bromoacetylindole 15 to give the 2,4diindolylimidazoles 20 and 21, N-protected nortopsentins and B.
The influence on Fermi energy of Li-site change in LizTi1−yNiyS2 on crossing z = 1 (2011)

The Fermi energy EF of the TiS2 layers of metallic LixTiS2 increases by 1.3 eV as x increases through x = 1 to a two-phase state containing a Li-rich phase with Li shifted from octahedral to tetrahedral sites of the space between TiS2 layers. For x < 1, EF lies in a narrow 3d band of the Ti(IV)/Ti(III) mixed-valence state; in the Li-rich x > 1 phase, EF lies in the 3d band of the Ti(III)/Ti(II) mixed valence. In order to determine how much of the shift of EF is due to the on-site electron–electron electrostatic energy U of the narrow band Ti-3d electrons and how much is due to the shift of the Li in the interlayer space from octahedral to tetrahedral sites, we have monitored the change in EF within the Ti(IV)/Ti(III) mixed-valence state of Lix(Ti0.9Ni0.1)S2 as x is increased through x = 1. Substitution of Ni for Ti changes the sulfur stacking from hexagonal to cubic, but the stacking changes back to hexagonal on insertion of Li to x ≈ 1. A voltage step at 1.45 V with cubic stacking of the sulfide planes and at 1.15 V with hexagonal stacking reveals a raising of EF by 0.3 eV on going from cubic to hexagonal stacking. Shifting of the Li+ ions from octahedral sites to a Li-rich phase in which they occupy tetrahedral sites on increasing x through x ≈ 1 raises EF by Δm ≈ 0.5 eV, which indicates a U ≈ 1.3 eV − Δm ≈ 0.8 eV in the narrow Ti-3d band of LiTiS2 having a width W > U.
Asymmetric heating of the HR 4796A dust ring due to pericenter\n glow (2010)

\n We have obtained new resolved images of the well-studied HR 4796A dust ring at 18 and\n 25 μm with the 8-m Gemini telescopes. These images confirm the\n previously observed spatial extent seen in mid-IR, near-IR, and optical images of the\n source. We detect brightness and temperature asymmetries such that dust on the NE side is\n both brighter and warmer than dust in the SW. We show that models of so-called pericenter\n glow account for these asymmetries, thus both confirming and extending our previous\n analyses. In this scenario, the center of the dust ring is offset from the star due to\n gravitational perturbations of a body with an eccentric orbit that has induced a forced\n eccentricity on the dust particle orbits. Models with 2-μm silicate dust\n particles and a forced eccentricity of 0.06 simultaneously fit the observations at both\n wavelengths. We also show that parameters used to characterize the thermal-emission\n properties of the disk can also account for the disk asymmetry observed in\n shorter-wavelength scattered-light images.\n
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanistic Aspects of the Ligand‐Assisted Nucleophilic Addition Reaction. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simulation of a valveless pump with an elastic tube (2012)

Abstract A valveless pump consisting of a pumping chamber with an elastic tube was simulated using an immersed boundary (IB) method. The interaction between the motion of the elastic tube and the pumping chamber generated a net flow toward the outlet throughout a full cycle of the pump. The net flow rate of the valveless pump was examined by varying the stretching coefficient ( ϕ ), bending coefficient ( γ ), the aspect ratio ( l / d ) of the elastic tube, and the frequency ( f ) of the pumping chamber. As the stretching and bending coefficients of the elastic tube increased, the net flow through the valveless pump decreased. Elastic tubes with aspect ratios in the range of 2 ⩽  l / d  ⩽ 3 generated a higher flow rate than that generated for tubes with aspect rations of l / d  = 1 or 4. As the frequency of the pumping chamber increased, the net flow rate of the pump for l / d  = 2 increased. However, the net flow rate for l / d  = 3 was nonlinearly related to the pumping frequency due to the complexity of the wave motions. Snapshots of the fluid velocity vectors and the wave motions of the elastic tube were examined over one cycle of the pump to gain a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the valveless pump. The relationship between the average gap in the elastic tube and the average flow rate of the pump was analyzed. A smaller gap in the elastic tube during the expansion mode and a wider gap in the elastic tube during the contraction mode played a dominant role in generating a high average flow rate in the pump, regardless of the stretching coefficient ( ϕ ), the aspect ratio ( l / d ) of the elastic tube, or the pumping frequency of the pumping chamber ( f ).
Data from Identification and Validation of Colorectal Neoplasia–Specific Methylation Markers for Accurate Classification of Disease (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Aberrant DNA methylation occurs early in oncogenesis, is stable, and can be assayed in tissues and body fluids. Therefore, genes with aberrant methylation can provide clues for understanding tumor pathways and are attractive candidates for detection of early neoplastic events. Identification of sequences that optimally discriminate cancer from other diseased and healthy tissues is needed to advance both approaches. Using well-characterized specimens, genome-wide methylation techniques were used to identify candidate markers specific for colorectal neoplasia. To further validate 30 of these candidates from genome-wide analysis and 13 literature-derived genes, including genes involved in cancer and others with unknown functions, a high-throughput methylation-specific oligonucleotide microarray was used. The arrays were probed with bisulfite-converted DNA from 89 colorectal adenocarcinomas, 55 colorectal polyps, 31 inflammatory bowel disease, 115 extracolonic cancers, and 67 healthy tissues. The 20 most discriminating markers were highly methylated in colorectal neoplasia (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve &gt; 0.8; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.0001). Normal epithelium and extracolonic cancers revealed significantly lower methylation. Real-time PCR assays developed for 11 markers were tested on an independent set of 149 samples from colorectal adenocarcinomas, other diseases, and healthy tissues. Microarray results could be reproduced for 10 of 11 marker assays, including eight of the most discriminating markers (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve &gt; 0.72; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.009). The markers with high specificity for colorectal cancer have potential as blood-based screening markers whereas markers that are specific for multiple cancers could potentially be used as prognostic indicators, as biomarkers for therapeutic response monitoring or other diagnostic applications, compelling further investigation into their use in clinical testing and overall roles in tumorigenesis. (Mol Cancer Res 2007;5(2):153–63)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Communication efficient distributed weighted non-linear least squares estimation (2018)

The paper addresses design and analysis of communication-efficient distributed algorithms for solving weighted non-linear least squares problems in multi-agent networks. Communication efficiency is highly relevant in modern applications like cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things, where a significant portion of the involved devices have energy constraints in terms of limited battery power. Furthermore, non-linear models arise frequently in such systems, e.g., with power grid state estimation. In this paper, we develop and analyze a non-linear communication-efficient distributed algorithm dubbed $\mathcal {CREDO-NL}$ (non-linear $\mathcal {CREDO}$ ). $\mathcal {CREDO-NL}$ generalizes the recently proposed linear method $\mathcal {CREDO}$ (Communication efficient REcursive Distributed estimatOr) to non-linear models. We establish for a broad class of non-linear least squares problems and generic underlying multi-agent network topologies $\mathcal {CREDO-NL}$ ’s strong consistency. Furthermore, we demonstrate communication efficiency of the method, both theoretically and by simulation examples. For the former, we rigorously prove that $\mathcal {CREDO-NL}$ achieves significantly faster mean squared error rates in terms of the elapsed communication cost over existing alternatives. For the latter, the considered simulation experiments show communication savings by at least an order of magnitude.
Detection of optical path in spectroscopic space-based observations of greenhouse gases: Application to GOSAT data processing (2011)

[1] We present a method to detect optical path modification due to atmospheric light scattering in space-based greenhouse gas spectroscopic sounding. This method, which was applied to the analysis of radiance spectra measured by the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT), is based on the path length probability density function (PPDF) and on retrieval of PPDF parameters from radiance spectra in the oxygen A-band of absorption at 0.76 μm. We show that these parameters can be effectively used to characterize the impact of atmospheric light scattering on carbon dioxide retrieval in the atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption bands at 1.6 μm and 2.0 μm. The threshold for PPDF parameters is set so that the optical-path modification is negligible, and these settings are recommended as a basic guideline for selecting the clearest atmospheric scenarios. An example of data processing for six global GOSAT repeat cycles in April and July 2009 shows that PPDF-based selection efficiently removes CO2 retrieval biases associated with subvisible cirrus and sandstorm activities.
Molecular plasticity of polymeric glasses in the elastic regime (2008)

We examine the plastic deformation of a model polymeric glass under tension. Local plastic events are found at extremely small strains, well below the yielding point, in a regime where the material is traditionally described as perfectly elastic. A distinct relationship is identified between these irreversible displacements (plastic events), the amplitude of segmental motion, local structure, and local elastic moduli. By examining the motion during the deformation of individual sites, we arrive at a mechanistic explanation for how these events arise. It is shown that, upon deformation, polymer sites that exhibit relatively small but positive elastic moduli are prone to failure. Such sites are also found to exhibit a large vibration amplitude, as indicated by their respective Debye-Waller factors. Sites that fail first tend to have a higher degree of nonsphericity than the rest of the material. We also find the collective occurrence of local plastic events where percolation or concerted action leads to global failure of the material above a certain strain.
Endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. (2008)

Liver cancer is one of the most frequent solid cancers. The major risk factor associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B, hepatitis C virus or chronic alcohol consumption. The overall prognosis of patients with HCC is very poor and this is mainly due to the advanced stages of cancer at presentation and also because of underlying cirrhosis. When HCC is diagnosed at early stages, prognosis is better with five-year disease free survival of around 50% with resection, or local ablative treatments such as radio-frequency ablation or percutaneous ethanol injection, and 70-80% with liver transplantation. Therefore, systematic screening of all the high-risk patients is the key to an early diagnosis of small HCC and the use of an appropriate treatment modality. The currently available tools for the screening, surveillance and diagnosis of HCC in the presence of cirrhosis remain sub-optimal. The advancements made in the past 10 years, however, have made HCC a potentially curable disease in a highly selected group of patients. This review will briefly discuss the current guidelines for surveillance and diagnosis of HCC in high-risk subjects and then review the potential role of endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration for the diagnosis of small HCC.
Supplementary Figure 1 from β<sub>1</sub> Integrin Inhibitory Antibody Induces Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells, Inhibits Growth, and Distinguishes Malignant from Normal Phenotype in Three Dimensional Cultures and <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; Integrin Inhibitory Antibody Induces Apoptosis of Breast Cancer Cells, Inhibits Growth, and Distinguishes Malignant from Normal Phenotype in Three Dimensional Cultures and &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Boosting trace cache performance with nonhead miss speculation (2002)

Trace caches are used to help dynamic branch prediction make multiple predictions in a cycle by embedding some of the predictions in the trace. In this work, we evaluate a trace cache that is capable of delivering a trace consisting of a variable number of instructions via a linked list mechanism. We evaluate several schemes in the context of an x86 processor model that stores decoded instructions. By developing a new classification for trace cache accesses, we are able to target those misses that cause the largest performance loss. We have proposed a hardware speculation technique, called NonHead Miss Speculation, which removes much of the penalty associated with nonhead misses in the eight applications we studied. Performance improvements ranged from 2% to 20%, with an average speedup of around 10% across our application suite.
[Psychiatric emergencies in the context of community mental health services]. (1993)

Psychiatric services dispensed according to geographic sectors has been a reality of the Montréal area psychiatric care system for about fifteen years. In a dense urban environment where the territorial limits of sectors do not necessarily follow the borders of residential areas, divisions by sector can create serious access problems. On a different note, when the distribution of mental health services is patterned after the main urban arteries, sectorialization becomes the validation of an existing situation, its success thereby ensured by the force of circumstances. In this article, the access to emergency psychiatric services over the sectorialized territory of Ile Jesus is examined based on archival data provided by Sacré-Coeur and Cité de la Santé hospitals. The data reveal that patients with a psychiatric ailment present themselves to the emergency ward of the hospital of their sector. These patients of emergency services are characterized by usage patterns that are no different from those of users of all types of health care services, psychiatric or not, regardless of the reason of the visit. However, the place of use of sectorialized psychiatric services has a halo effect on non-sectorialized psychiatric services. The impact of sectorialization on the usage and access of services is therefore a complex phenomenon.
Emerging evidence for CHFR as a cancer biomarker: from tumor biology to precision medicine (2013)

Novel insights in the biology of cancer have switched the paradigm of a "one-size-fits-all" cancer treatment to an individualized biology-driven treatment approach. In recent years, a diversity of biomarkers and targeted therapies has been discovered. Although these examples accentuate the promise of personalized cancer treatment, for most cancers and cancer subgroups no biomarkers and effective targeted therapy are available. The great majority of patients still receive unselected standard therapies with no use of their individual molecular characteristics. Better knowledge about the underlying tumor biology will lead the way toward personalized cancer treatment. In this review, we summarize the evidence for a promising cancer biomarker: checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger domains (CHFR). CHFR is a mitotic checkpoint and tumor suppressor gene, which is inactivated in a diverse group of solid malignancies, mostly by promoter CpG island methylation. CHFR inactivation has shown to be an indicator of poor prognosis and sensitivity to taxane-based chemotherapy. Here we summarize the current knowledge of altered CHFR expression in cancer, the impact on tumor biology and implications for personalized cancer treatment.
Toward High Performance Thermoset/Carbon Nanotube Sheet Nanocomposites via Resistive Heating Assisted Infiltration and Cure (2014)

Thermoset/carbon nanotube (CNT) sheet nanocomposites were successfully fabricated by resistive heating assisted infiltration and cure (RHAIC) of the polymer matrix resin. Resistive heating takes advantage of the electrical and thermal conductivity of CNTs to rapidly and uniformly introduce heat into the CNT sheet. Heating the CNT sheet reduces the viscosity of the polymer resin due to localized temperature rise in close proximity to the resin, which enhances resin flow, penetration, and wetting of the CNT reinforcement. Once the resin infusion process is complete, the applied power is increased to raise the temperature of the CNT sheet, which rapidly cures the polymer matrix. Tensile tests were used to evaluate the mechanical properties of the processed thermoset/CNT sheet nanocomposites. The improved wetting and adhesion of the polymer resin to the CNT reinforcement yield significant improvement of thermoset/CNT nanocomposite mechanical properties. The highest specific tensile strength of bismaleimide(BMI)/CNT sheet nanocomposites was obtained to date was 684 MPa/(g/cm(3)), using 4 V (2 A) for resin infiltration, followed by precure at 10 V (6 A) for 10 min and post curing at 240 °C for 6 h in an oven. The highest specific Young's modulus of BMI/CNT sheet nanocomposite was 71 GPa/(g/cm(3)) using resistive heating infiltration at 8.3 V (4.7 A) for 3 min followed by resistive heating cure at 12.5 V (7 A) for 30 min. In both cases, the CNT sheets were stretched and held in tension to prevent relaxation of the aligned CNTs during the course of RHAIC.
Degradation and stabilization of PVC in blends (1994)

Abstract Poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) was mixed with various poly(methacrylate)s, poly(carbonate)s and polymers containing nitrile groups (poly(acrylonitrile), poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile), nitrile rubber, hydrogenated nitrile rubber) and/or C  C double bonds (nitrile rubber, high‐impact poly(styrene)). The thermal stability was measured at 180°C in nitrogen, and the evolved HCl was detected by conductometry. It is shown that the nature of the ester group and the content of nitrile groups and C ‐ C double bonds are the dominating factors for the thermal stability of poly(vinylchloride) in these blends. An influence of the miscibility of PVC with the various blend components on the thermal stability can not be clearly detected. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used as a powerful method to study the stabilizer distribution of heterogeneous PVC/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) and PVC/poly(methylacrylate) blends. It is shown that the stabilizer can be solubilized either in the PVC phase (PVC/poly(methylacrylate)) or in both phases of the blends PVC/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)).
Meta-materials concepts in high-frequency applications (2003)

The electronics world has continued to push for reduction of physical size in terms of individual components and total package dimensions. In most cases, this size reduction has been accomplished without sacrificing quality or functionality. Conversely, the antenna structures from which many of these electronics packages will send or receive signals has not kept pace with the overall trend of reduction in physical size. Now, however, the application of meta-material concepts to high-frequency radiating structures and the substrates supporting these structures is enabling a reduction in the physical size of these elements. The size reduction is being accomplished without degradation of element performance; in some cases, it has enabled enhanced characteristics. An overview of these reduced-size structures is presented.
Room-Temperature Healing of a Thermosetting Polymer Using the Diels−Alder Reaction (2010)

Self-healing materials are particularly desirable for load-bearing applications because they offer the potential for increased safety and material lifetimes. A furan-functionalized polymer network was designed that can heal via covalent bonding across the crack surface with the use of a healing agent consisting of a bismaleimide in solution. Average healing efficiencies of approximately 70% were observed. The healing ability of fiber-reinforced composite specimens was investigated with flexural, short beam shear, and double cantilever beam specimens. It was found that solvent amount and maleimide concentration play key roles in determining healing efficiency.