gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tracheal gas insufflation‐augmented continuous positive airway pressure in a spontaneously breathing model of neonatal respiratory distress (2004)

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in neonates is characterized by labored breathing and poor gas exchange, often requiring ventilatory support. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is a preferred intervention to support spontaneous ventilatory efforts by sustaining lung volume recruitment, while it prevents derecruitment during exhalation by maintaining end-expiratory pressure. However, CO2 retention during CPAP often results in the need for mechanical ventilation. Since tracheal gas insufflation (TGI) promotes CO2 elimination by reducing prosthetic dead space, we hypothesized that TGI used with CPAP may reduce the need for more invasive therapies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiologic effect of TGI with CPAP in a spontaneously breathing model of acute lung injury with respect to gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics. Nineteen spontaneously breathing neonatal pigs (2.4 +/- 0.4 kg) were anesthetized, sedated, instrumented, and placed on CPAP at 5 cmH2O. All piglets were injured with intravenous oleic acid (0.08 ml/kg), and then randomized to receive CPAP with TGI (TGI; n = 9) or CPAP alone (control; n = 10). FiO2 was titrated at 0.05 every 15 min during the protocol to maintain SaO2 > 93%. Vital signs, arterial blood gases, pulmonary mechanics, and thoracoabdominal motion (TAM) were evaluated 30 min after injury and at 1-hr intervals for 4 hr. Following the 4-hr measurement, the piglets were sacrificed and the lungs were grossly examined. After initiation of treatment, we found that the PaCO2 was lower (33.1 +/- 5.0 vs. 47.0 +/- 10.3 mmHg; P < 0.01), while the oxygenation indices were greater (PaO2, SaO2, a/A ratio; P < 0.01) in the TGI group than with control animals. Subsequently, the pH was greater (7.45 +/- 0.08 vs. 7.36 +/- 0.08; P < 0.01) and closer to baseline values with TGI. By 4 hr, the FiO2 was titrated lower (0.37 +/- 0.06 vs. 0.49 +/- 0.15; P < 0.05) and ventilation was accomplished with a lower minute ventilation (MV) in the TGI group than in the control group (445 +/- 113 vs. 581 +/- 223 ml/kg/min; P < 0.01). Respiratory compliance was greater with TGI than control (0.76 +/- 0.13 vs. 0.63 +/- 0.11 ml/cmH2O/kg; P < 0.01), whereas resistance and TAM were similar between groups. We conclude that the use of TGI with CPAP in the treatment of RDS results in improved gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics. As such, TGI-augmented CPAP may prevent infants from requiring more invasive ventilation by reducing CO2 retention.
New insight into the electronic structure of aAs2Se3 (1986)

Results of a realistic ab initio investigation of the geometric structure and electronic properties of the compound chalcogenide prototype ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Se}}_{3}$ are presented. Structural parameters are accurate to within a few percent of their experimental values. The nature of bonding within and between layers is revealed and the character of states near the band edges is obtained, including predictions for the electron and hole effective masses.
The Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich Reaction (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metamaterials with index ellipsoids at arbitrary k-points (2016)

We propose and investigate a new type of metamaterial structure composing of several interpenetrating wire meshes. Calculated band structures show that they exhibit index ellipsoids locating at nonzero k-point in long wavelength limit. We can comprehend these quasistatic modes by Poison's equation and find these modes do not rely on the detailed geometry of the wires but the connectivities of the wires. We can engineer the locations of index ellipsoid by designing the connectivities of the wire meshes.
Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury (2014)

Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a common and serious postoperative complication of cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and it is the second most common cause of AKI in the intensive care unit. Although the complication has been associated with the use of CPB, the etiology is likely multifactorial and related to intraoperative and early postoperative management including pharmacologic therapy. To date, very little evidence from randomized trials supporting specific interventions to protect from or prevent AKI in broad cardiac surgery populations has been found. The definition of AKI employed by investigators influences not only the incidence of CSA-AKI, but also the identification of risk variables. The advent of novel biomarkers of kidney injury has the potential to facilitate the subclinical diagnosis of CSA-AKI, the assessment of its severity and prognosis, and the early institution of interventions to prevent or reduce kidney damage. Further studies are needed to determine how to optimize cardiac surgical procedures, CPB parameters, and intraoperative and early postoperative blood pressure and renal blood flow to reduce the risk of CSA-AKI. No pharmacologic strategy has demonstrated clear efficacy in the prevention of CSA-AKI; however, some agents, such as the natriuretic peptide nesiritide and the dopamine agonist fenoldopam, have shown promising results in renoprotection. It remains unclear whether CSA-AKI patients can benefit from the early institution of such pharmacologic agents or the early initiation of renal replacement therapy.
Supplementary Table 1 from Ganitumab (AMG 479) Inhibits IGF-II–Dependent Ovarian Cancer Growth and Potentiates Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 55KB, Description of ovarian cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
Salt Fog Evaluation of RTV SIR Coatings With Different Fillers (2008)

The performance of three commercially available room-temperature-vulcanized (RTV) silicone rubber (SIR) coatings was evaluated by means of salt fog testing. Leakage current and contact angle measurements were used in order to monitor the coatings' performance. The measurements indicated that the initial loss of hydrophobicity can be correlated to the surface discharges that develop on the material surface due to the droplets formed. In the case of the silica-filled coating, the considered los.s was observed earlier. Further, lower levels of surface activity and material deterioration were observed for the alumina-trihydrate (ATH)-filled coatings in comparison to the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> filled. The results can be correlated to the filler efficiency and especially to the thermal conductivity achieved. For the considered formulations, the silica-filled coating appeared to have the lowest value of heat conductivity. Finally, for the ATH-filled coatings, additional parameters, such as the particle size, must be considered.
Predicting Lane Change Decision Making with Compact Support (2021)

In the foreseeable future, autonomous vehicles will have to drive alongside human drivers. In the absence of vehicle-to-vehicle communication, they will have to be able to predict the other road users' intentions. Moreover, they will also need to behave like a typical human driver so that other road users can infer their actions. It is critical to be able to learn a human driver's mental model and integrate it into the Planning & Control algorithm. In this paper, we present a robust method to predict lane changes as cooperative or adversarial. For that, we first introduce a method to extract and annotate lane changes as cooperative and adversarial based on the entire lane change trajectory. We then propose to train a specially designed neural network to predict the lane change label before the lane change has occurred and quantify the prediction uncertainty. The model will make lane change decisions following human drivers' driving habits and preferences, i.e., it will only change lanes when the surrounding traffic is considered to be appropriate for the majority of human drivers. It will also recognize unseen novel samples and output low prediction confidence correspondingly to alert the driver to take control in such cases. We published the lane change dataset and codes at https://github.com/huanghua1668/1c_csnn.
Targeting AXL-JAK1 in tumor and immune ecosystem of lung cancer (2020)

Abstract Intercellular crosstalk between lung adenocarcinoma cells (LACs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) has been implicated in promoting cancer metastasis; however, how oncogenic signaling networks corroborate in this tumorigenic process remains unexplored. Our findings suggest that coordinated activation of AXL and JAK1-pSTAT3 signaling engenders a vicious cycle of dependence between LACs and TAMs for tumor progression. AXL-overexpressing LACs polarize TAMs to an M2-like phenotype in a JAK1-STAT3-dependent manner, facilitating the development of a proinflammatory tumor microenvironment. Conversely, M2-like TAMs release Gas6 ligand to enhance AXL-mediated cancer stemness and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in LACs. Cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF) is a single-cell detection technology that allows for measurement of multiple protein markers in diverse cell subpopulations. We designed a 34-antibody CyTOF panel to identify immune cells, stromal cells, epithelial cells, oncogenic signaling, stemness and EMT components for LAC tumor profiling. CyTOF profiling of ~642,241 single cells detected 55 subpopulations among LAC cell lines (n=4 with co-culture conditions) and lung tumors (n=12), which were further differentiated based on their cell types (LACs, TAMs, stromal cells, granulocytes, natural killer, B and T lymphocytes). High AXL expression was noticed in tumor cell subpopulation while high pSTAT3 expression was detected in the TAM subpopulation. Moreover, pSTAT3 expression levels were increased in U937 differentiated macrophage after co-culture with A549 cells. This novel platform may facilitate the optimal selection of lung cancer patients for dual targeting of AXL and JAK1-pSTAT3.
Effect of P-glycoprotein Expression on Sensitivity to Hormones in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells (1992)

MCF-7MDR1 cells provide an important model for study of the interactions of cytotoxic drugs, hormones, and the MDR1 glycoprotein in human hormone-responsive breast cancer cells.
Photonic bandgap fiber-enabled Raman detection of nitrogen gas (2009)

Raman detection of nitrogen gas is very difficult without a multi-pass arrangement and high laser power. Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers (HC-PBF) provide an excellent means of concentrating light energy in a very small volume and long interaction path between gas and laser. One particular commercial fiber with a core diameter of 4.9 microns offers losses of about 1dB/m for wavelengths between 510 and 610 nm. If 514nm laser is used for excitation, the entire Raman spectrum up to above 3000 cm<sup>-1</sup> will be contained within the transmission band of the fiber. A standard Raman microscope launches mW level 514nm laser light into the PBF and collects backscattered Raman signal exiting the fiber. The resulting spectra of nitrogen gas in air at ambient temperature and pressure exhibit a signal enhancement of about several thousand over what is attainable with the objective in air and no fiber. The design and fabrication of a flow-through cell to hold and align the fiber end allowed the instrument calibration for varying concentrations of nitrogen. The enhancement was also found to be a function of fiber length. Due to the high achieved Raman signal, rotational spectral of nitrogen and oxygen were observed in the PBF for the first time to the best of our knowledge.
Laboratory Search for a Long-RangeT-Odd,P-Odd Interaction from Axionlike Particles Using Dual-Species Nuclear Magnetic Resonance with PolarizedXe129andXe131Gas (2013)

Various theories beyond the standard model predict new particles with masses in the sub-eV range with very weak couplings to ordinary matter. A new P-odd and T-odd interaction between polarized and unpolarized nucleons proportional to K·r is one such possibility, where r is the distance between the nucleons and K is the spin of the polarized nucleon. Such an interaction involving a scalar coupling gs at one vertex and a pseudoscalar coupling gp at the polarized nucleon vertex can be induced by the exchange of spin-0 bosons. We used the NMR cell test station at Northrop Grumman Corporation to search for NMR frequency shifts in polarized 129Xe and 131Xe when a nonmagnetic zirconia rod is moved near the NMR cell. Long (T2∼20 s) spin-relaxation times allow precision measurements of the NMR frequency ratios, which are insensitive to magnetic field fluctuations. Combined with existing theoretical calculations of the neutron spin contribution to the nuclear angular momentum in xenon nuclei, the measurements improve the laboratory upper bound on the product gsgp(n) by 2 orders of magnitude for distances near 1 mm. The sensitivity of this technique can be increased by at least two more orders of magnitude.
Design of a Small-Sized Interlocking System with High Availability (1997)

An Interlocking System consists of an interlocking logical unit and power controlling unit. After this logical unit calculates the relationship among the train position, the rail shifting position and the signal, it decides the aspect of signal. Power controlling unit supplies electrical power to the switch motor and the bulb of signal according to the decision of the logical unit. This paper proposes a small-sized interlocking system which uses triplex redundant off-the-shelf controller with fail-safe checker as a interlocking logical unit. 2-outof-3 voter circuit ensure the safety of parallel output from the interlocking logical unit. This circuit satisfy the condition of “Totally Self-Checking” (by D. A. Anderson) and also the condition of “High Availability”. In other words, any kind of a single fault never leads hazardous state and this circuit has ability of safety after single fault occurring.
Ribonucleic acid synthesis in the renal cortex at the initiation of compensatory growth (1976)

The mechanisms responsible for the increase in RNA per cell during the first 48h of renal compensatory growth were studied in the renal cortex. Unilaterally nephrectomized, sham-operated or non-operated rats were used. Incorporation into RNA of labelled precursors was studied in vivo and in vitro. Sham-operation produced significant changes in precursor incorporation, absolute amounts of UTP and RNA, and the rate of RNA synthesis. At 6h after surgery, the amount of RNA decreased in sham-operated controls, whereas that in growing cortex remained unchanged. Incorporation into RNA in vivo was greater in the growing cortex, although the rate of RNA synthesis was not increased. At 24h, precursor incorporation into RNA and UTP and RNA synthesis were all increased in the growing cortex. In contrast with results obtained in vivo, slices of growing cortex incorporated less labelled precursor into RNA than did cortex slices from sham-operated controls, from 3 to 48h. Maximal differences were found from 6 to 24h. An attempt was made to equalize endogenous precursor pool sizes by increasing the concentration of unlabelled uridine in the media; incorporation differences were narrowed significantly. Serum from nephrectomized animals did not increase precursor incorporation into RNA in vitro. An increase in RNA synthesis is an important factor in RNA accretion in the renal cortex beyond 12h of compensatory growth. This is accompanied by increased UTP content and preceded by expansion of other pools. The amount of labelled precursor incorporated into RNA is greatly influenced by its delivery rate to the growing kidney in vivo and by intracellular dilution of expanded precursor pools in vitro.
Comparisons of the Joint Responses to Surgical Transection and Traumatic Rupture of the ACL in a Rabbit Model (2011)

Long-term participation in vigorous physical activity increases the risk of acute and chronic injuries to the knee. Two specific types of injury strongly associated with subsequent knee osteoarthritis (OA) are cruciate ligament damage and meniscal tears. Many clinical studies have discussed the high frequency of noncontact ACL injuries, for example, from jump landings. Axial compressive loading of the knee during landing from a jump can generate approximately 6–8 times bodyweight. With the tibial plateau having an inherent posterior slope of 10–15°, these loads can produce an anterior shift of the tibia during jump landings that result in isolated rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the laboratory.1 These studies have shown acute damages in the articular cartilage and underlying subchondral and trabecular bone in the human cadaver joint.2 Clinically, in over 80% of ACL injury cases, characteristic osteochondral lesions occur in the posterolateral aspect of the tibia and/or anterolateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle, potentially due to these levels of joint compressive loads.3
Acoustic cavitation generated by an extracorporeal shockwave lithotripter (1986)

Evidence is presented of acoustic cavitation generated by a Dornier extracorporeal shockwave lithotripter. Using x-ray film, thin aluminum sheets, and relatively thick metal plates as targets, evidence of liquid jet impacts associated with cavitation bubble collapse was observed. The jet impact was violent enough to puncture thin foils and deform metal plates. Furthermore, numerous jet impacts were generated over a volume greater than 200 cm3. It is likely that such violent cavitation will also occur in tissue, and observed biological effects, e.g., renal calculus disintegration and tissue trauma, may be related to cavitation damage. [Work supported in part by the ONR, NIH, NSF, and the Fulbright Commission.]
Humanlike spontaneous motion coordination of robotic fingers through spatial multi-input spike signal multiplexing (2023)

With advances in robotic technology, the complexity of control of robot has been increasing owing to fundamental signal bottlenecks and limited expressible logic state of the von Neumann architecture. Here, we demonstrate coordinated movement by a fully parallel-processable synaptic array with reduced control complexity. The synaptic array was fabricated by connecting eight ion-gel-based synaptic transistors to an ion gel dielectric. Parallel signal processing and multi-actuation control could be achieved by modulating the ionic movement. Through the integration of the synaptic array and a robotic hand, coordinated movement of the fingers was achieved with reduced control complexity by exploiting the advantages of parallel multiplexing and analog logic. The proposed synaptic control system provides considerable scope for the advancement of robotic control systems.
1169 Travelers' Diarrhea, Single Dose Antibiotics, Acquisition of Multi-Drug Resistance and Associations With Functional Microbiome Characterization: Is There Any There There? (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Travelers’ diarrhea (TD) is a commonly diagnosed acute illness among those visiting tropical and sub-tropical regions with substantial consequences. While antibiotic treatment (with lopermaide) substantially reduces TD symptoms and duration, a growth in concerns about the off-target effects of TD treatment on the impact of resident microflora and the potential adverse effects associated with acquisition of multi-drug resistant organisms (MDRO). To date, most microbiome analyses have studied microbial structure/composition, while the functional capabilities of the gut microbiota remain largely unstudied. We set out to understand the functional properties of the gut microflora in response to TD acquired in diverse geographic regions, associations with different single-dose therapies, MDRO acquisition. METHODS: Fecal samples from USA &amp; UK military service members in 3 continents that presented with acute watery TD were collected at acute presentation (day 1, prior to antibiotics), as well as 7 and/or 21 days following a single-dose of antibiotics (azithromycin (500 mg), levofloxacin (500 mg), or rifaximin (1650 mg) with loperamide). Each sample underwent culture and TaqMan RT-PCR analyses for pathogen detection and a limited set of ESBL-PE genetic probes. Purified DNA from each sample was analyzed using the HumiChip v2.0 microarray which contains over 150,000 DNA probes specific for genes involved in various functional processes including antibiotic resistance, virulence, stress responses, and nutrient metabolism. RESULTS: In total, 125 Day 1 samples, 64 Day 7 samples, and 105 Day 21 samples were available for analysis from 135 subjects. Ordination analysis revealed that subjects enrolled in each country had distinct functional profiles. While we did not observe overt differences in functional profiles between treatment groups, we observed an increase in functional diversity from day 1 to day 21 in the levofloxacin treatment group, relative to azithromycin and rifaximin groups. Additionally, we noted distinct geographical patterns of resistome patterns at baseline and post-illness, but lesser influence of antibiotic effects on post-treatment functional genomic composition. CONCLUSION: A thorough understanding of how antibiotics impact the functional properties of the gut microbiota will help inform future treatment options, antibiotic stewardship in TD patients, and the reduction of potential post-infective complications due to MDRO pathobionts.
Corona Treatment for Nanotransfer Molding Adhesion (2019)

Corona discharge treatment offers a facile, robust, and scalable technique for adhesion promotion in nanotransfer molding. In contrast to conventional plasma treatment, which requires vacuum operation, corona treatment at ambient pressure enabled patterning of woodpile structures of PDMS with smaller feature dimensions (70 nm line width) and across a wider range of treatment doses. Similarities and differences between plasma (batch) and corona (continuous) treatment were established using dyne testing to capture the effects of treatment on surface wettability of PDMS. Evaluating spatiotemporal evolution of wettability through dyne tests enabled a common axis for direct comparison of the two process configurations in terms of dose. Both treatment types formed surface films of oxidized PDMS, which were characterized through compressive buckling tests of the PDMS–oxide bilayer. Corona treatment, by forming a thinner oxide film, extended the range of treatment doses and feature sizes exhibiting successful pattern transfer. Reduction in adhesion at high treatment dose was attributed to a weak boundary layer at the bonded interface. Demolding was studied via peel tests and AFM analysis to reveal that both plasma and corona treatment etch the stamp material (PFPE), underscoring the benefits of low treatment dose for process throughput as well as stamp lifetime. While both treatments displayed comparable etch rates as a function of dose, microscopic bumps on corona-etched stamps indicate a higher surface temperature compared to plasma-etched stamps. By optimizing adhesion for nanotransfer molding with a surface treatment well-suited to continuous processing, corona treatment provides a practical and economical approach to layer-by-layer additive manufacturing at the nanoscale.