gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding Recoverable vs Unrecoverable Voltage Losses and Long-Term Degradation Mechanisms in Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (2022)

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have recently shown excellent progress in terms of their performance – e.g., achievable power and current density. However, very few AEMFCs have been demonstrated with the ability to operate for a long duration (>1000 h). In addition, it is unknown whether performance losses observed during operation are reversible, irreversible, or a combination of the two. In this study, a high-performance AEMFC operated continuously at 600 mA/cm2 for 3600 h (150 days) at 80 °C with H2/O2 reacting gases was demonstrated. Throughout testing, the electrochemical properties of the AEMFC were probed to provide information about performance degradation pathways and their degree of reversibility. It was found that a portion of the performance loss that occurs during AEMFC operation was due to suboptimal reaction conditions and can be recovered. At the end of the experiment, the cell was disassembled, and its structure and composition were evaluated at the nanoscale by aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The structure and composition of the electrode were compared to cells at the beginning of their operational life. It was found that the primary mechanism for long-term AEMFC performance loss was catalyst agglomeration. During the operational time, there was no evidence of significant polymer degradation, likely due to the high hydration state of the cell. By documenting the long-term changes in high-performing AEMFCs, this work provides important information for the systematic design of cell components and demonstrates the importance of controlling cell operation, which can aid in the commercialization and widespread deployment of low-cost, long-life AEMFCs.
Quantum mechanical model and simulation of GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetector-II electrical aspects (2002)

A complete quantum mechanical model for GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well infrared photodetectors(QWIPs) is presented here. The model consisted of four parts: (1) Starting with the description of the electr ...
High rate bit synchronizer (1976)

This report documents the analysis and experimental validation of the performance of various aspects of a high rate bit synchronizer.
CoolSim: Eliminating traditional cache warming with fast, virtualized profiling (2016)

Sampling (e.g., SMARTS and SimPoint) improves simulation performance by an order of magnitude or more through the reduction of large workloads into a small but representative sample. Virtualized fast-forwarding (e.g., FSA) speeds up simulation further by advancing execution at near-native speed between simulation points, making cache warming the critical limiting factor for simulation performance. CoolSim is an efficient simulation framework that eliminates cache warming. It collects sparse memory reuse information (MRI) while advancing between simulation points using virtualized fast-forwarding. During detailed simulation, a statistical cache model uses the previously acquired MRI to estimate the performance of the caches. CoolSim builds upon KVM and gem5 and runs 19x faster than the state-of-the-art sampled simulation. It estimates the CPI of the SPEC CPU2006 benchmarks with 3.62% error on average, across a wide range of cache sizes.
A Review of PMMA Bone Cement and Intra‐Cardiac Embolism (2016)

Percutaneous vertebroplasty procedure is of major importance, given the significantly increasing aging population and the higher number of orthopedic procedures related to vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty is a complex technique involving the injection of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) into the compressed vertebral body for mechanical stabilization of the fracture. Our understanding and ability to modify these mechanisms through alterations in cement material is rapidly evolving. However, the rate of cardiac complications secondary to PMMA injection and subsequent cement leakage has increased with time. The following review considers the main effects of PMMA bone cement on the heart, and the extent of influence of the materials on cardiac embolism. Clinically, cement leakage results in life-threatening cardiac injury. The convolution of this outcome through an appropriate balance of complex material properties is highlighted via clinical case reports.
Concatenated Reed-Solomon/convolutional coding for data transmission in CDMA-based cellular systems (1997)

A robust error control scheme for data transmission in CDMA-based cellular systems is proposed which employs outer Reed-Solomon codes concatenated with inner convolutional codes. The performance of this scheme is analyzed assuming nonperiodic random spreading sequences and a Rake receiver with perfect knowledge of the channel. In particular, a simple model for the memoryless inner coding channel that encompasses the effects of multiple access interference, self-noise and thermal noise is first derived. Using new tight upper bounds on bit- and symbol-error probabilities of convolutional codes over Nakagami, Rayleigh, and Rician fading multipath channels, the performance of the concatenated coding scheme is then evaluated. The Reed-Solomon/convolutional coding scheme has been adopted by the European RACE Project Code Division Testbed (CODIT) and implemented in an experimental testbed. The code design methodology, which has been used to specify the 9.6-, 64-, and 128-kbit/s data traffic channels of the CODIT testbed, is presented and the single-cell CDMA capacity is computed.
Design and Operating Considerations for a Post Denitrification MBBR to Achieve Limit of Technology Effluent NOx < 1 mg/l and effluent TP < 0.18 mg/l (2009)

Design and Operating Considerations for a Post Denitrification MBBR to Achieve Limit of Technology Effluent NOxDenitrifying Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) technology has been attracting increasing interest over the past decade because of its mechanical simplicity, ease of maintenance and reportedly reliable nutrient removal performance even under cold wet weather operating conditions. This technology has not however been demonstrated to be capable of consistently achieving limit of technology (LOT)...Author(s)B. StinsonM. PericD. NeupaneM. LaquidaraE. LockeS. MurthyW. BaileyS. KharkarN. PassarelliR. DerminassianJ. CarrM. SultanG. ShihJ. BarnardG. DaiggerD. ParkerC. RandallT. WilsonSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 17 - Fixed Film Versus Suspended Growth: Stick or SwimDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2009ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20090101)2009:4L.1225;1-DOI10.2175/193864709793901590Volume / Issue2009 / 4Content sourceNutrient Removal and Recovery SymposiumFirst / last page(s)1225 - 1254Copyright2009Word count92Subject keywordsPost Denitrification Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR)Limit of Technology (LOT)Enhanced Nutrient Removal (ENR)Design criteriaNitrate and Carbon Half Saturation CoefficientsPhosphorus LimitationsBiomass Density Measurements
(Digital Presentation) Highly Efficient and Selective CO2 Electroreduction to CO on Novel Metal-Nitrogen-Carbon (M-N-C) Catalyst (2022)

The electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2 (CO 2 RR) to CO is an important component of emerging Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technologies. This process often relies on expensive and rare metals such as silver and gold-based materials for high selectivity and conversion rate to CO 1,2 . It is desired to move away from these metals towards earth-abundant solid materials ( e.g. , carbon-based) which may serve as heterogeneous electrocatalysts for CO 2 RR. Herein, a series of novel carbon-based materials with exceptional selectivity/activity for the targeted production of CO is presented. This new class of hybrid catalyst materials have high CO 2 RR activity which is comparable to the state of the art atomically dispersed Metal-N-C synthesized by the sacrificial support method (SSM). The advantage of this new class of catalysts is that the use of harsh solvents such as nitric acid and potassium hydroxide which are usually required to remove the silica precursor is completely avoided. Not only does this make the immediate process more environmentally friendly, but it also significantly shortens the catalyst synthesis time which increases its industrial viability. The structure and activity of a series of catalysts with different metallic dopants (Fe, Co, Ni, Mn) are investigated. Using this new synthesis technique, a faradaic efficiency for CO formation (FE co ) of 96.5 % at -0.3 V vs. RHE is achieved. FE co remains greater than 75 % over the potential range studied from -0.3 V to -1.1 V vs. RHE. By comparison, Fe-N-C by SSM method reaches a maximum FE co of 94.4 % at -0.7 V vs. RHE and FE co remains greater than 85 % over the same potential range. References 1. Varela, A. S., Ranjbar Sahraie, N., Steinberg, J., Ju, W., Oh, H.-S., &amp; Strasser, P. (2015). Metal-Doped Nitrogenated Carbon as an Efficient Catalyst for Direct CO2 Electroreduction to CO and Hydrocarbons. In Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 2. Nguyen, D. L. T., Kim, Y., Hwang, Y. J., &amp; Won, D. H. (2019). Progress in development of electrocatalyst for CO 2 conversion to selective CO production. In Carbon Energy. Figure 1
Node Classification in Signed Social Networks (2016)

Node classification in social networks has been proven to be useful in many real-world applications. The vast majority of existing algorithms focus on unsigned social networks (or social networks with only positive links), while little work exists for signed social networks. It is evident from recent developments in signed social network analysis that negative links have added value over positive links. Therefore, the incorporation of negative links has the potential to benefit various analytical tasks. In this paper, we study the novel problem of node classification in signed social networks. We provide a principled way to mathematically model positive and negative links simultaneously and propose a novel framework NCSSN for node classification in signed social networks. Experimental results on real-world signed social network datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework NCSSN. Further experiments are conducted to gain a deeper understanding of the importance of negative links for NCSSN.
Multilayer composite for below ground embedded sensor networking (2008)

Sewage systems are being retrofit with sensor networks to reduce their deleterious effects on human health and the environment. To implement the sensor networks a conventional cast-iron manhole cover is replaced with a robust composite manhole cover antenna. The difficulties in designing the antenna in a manhole cover are that the antenna must radiate in a harsh environment, at ground level, and maintain low-profile. The cover must maintain structural loads as large as 2,000 pounds, due to the presence of traffic, while simultaneously being relatively ‘transparent’ for RF radiation from below ground sensors. To verify a prototype, a simple composite sandwich structure is designed, fabricated, and integrated with an aluminum slot antenna. This composite manhole cover antenna is analyzed with full-wave simulations and measured in an anechoic chamber. The simulated results show a good agreement with measured results. The magnetically center-fed slot antenna shows 2.13 dB of measured gain within the fiberglass sandwich structure.
Role of IFN-γ in the Inhibition of the Allergic Airway Inflammation Caused by IL-12 (1997)

T-helper 2 (Th2)-like cells are thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of the eosinophilic airway inflammation observed in asthma. In a murine model of allergen-induced airway eosinophilia and bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), we have shown that interleukin (IL)-12 can suppress antigen-induced airway changes despite the presence of circulating specific IgE. In the present study, we investigated the role of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in the inhibitory effects of IL-12 on allergic airway inflammation. Repeated daily exposure of actively immunized mice to aerosolized ovalbumin (OVA), as compared with aerosolized saline (SAL), induced a significant increase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) eosinophilia and OVA-specific serum IgE in both IFN-gamma-receptor-deficient (IFN-gammaR KO) and wild-type mice. As compared with placebo (PLAC), administration of recombinant murine IL-12 (rmIL-12) during the daily aerosol exposure (but not at the time of immunization) significantly inhibited BALF eosinophilia in both IFN-gammaR KO mice and wild-type controls, without influencing the production of specific IgE. In contrast, administration of rmIL-12 during the active immunization inhibited both BALF eosinophilia and specific IgE in wild-type mice as compared with littermates given PLAC; however, treatment with rmIL-12 during immunization, in comparison with PLAC, caused a significant increase in BALF eosinophilia and specific IgE in IFN-gammaR KO mice. These results demonstrate that inhibition of the allergen-induced eosinophil influx in murine airways by IL-12 is IFN-gamma-dependent during the initial sensitization, but becomes IFN-gamma-independent during the secondary response.
Salen based Schiff bases to flame retard thermoplastic polyurethane mimicking operational strategies of thermosetting resin (2015)

Resorcinol based Salen framework as a non-phosphorus and non-halogen fire retardant additive for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
Nonviral Nanoscale-Based Delivery of Antisense Oligonucleotides Targeted to Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Enhances the Efficacy of Chemotherapy in Drug-Resistant Tumor (2008)

The proposed combination therapy prevents the development of resistance in cancer cells, and thus, increases the efficacy of chemotherapy to an extent that cannot be achieved by individual components applied separately. It could form the foundation for a novel type of cancer therapy based on simultaneous delivery of an anticancer drug and a suppressor of HIF1A.
Contribution of myeloid cell subsets to liver fibrosis in parasite infection (2012)

Accumulation of extracellular matrix components secreted by fibroblasts is a normal feature of wound healing during acute inflammation. However, during most chronic/persistent inflammatory diseases, this tissue repair mechanism is incorrectly regulated and results in irreversible fibrosis in various organs. Fibrosis that severely affects tissue architecture and can cause organ failure is a major cause of death in developed countries. Organ-recruited lymphoid (mainly T cells) and myeloid cells (eosinophils, basophils, macrophages and DCs) have long been recognized in their participation to the development of fibrosis. In particular, a central role for recruited monocyte-derived macrophages in this excessive connective tissue deposit is more and more appreciated. Moreover, the polarization of monocyte-derived macrophages in classically activated (IFNγ-dependent) M1 cells or alternatively activated (IL-4/IL-13) M2 cells, that mirrors the Th1/Th2 polarization of T cells, is also documented to contribute differentially to the fibrotic process. Here, we review the current understanding of how myeloid cell subpopulations affect the development of fibrosis in parasite infections.
Auramirror (2004)

As ubiquitous computing becomes more prevalent, greater consideration will have to be taken on how devices interrupt us and vie for our attention. This paper describes Auramirror, an interactive art piece that raises questions of how computers use our attention. By measuring attention and visualizing the results for the audience in real-time, Auramirror brings the subject matter to the forefront of the audience's consideration. Finally, some ways of using the Auramirror system to help in the design of attention sensitive devices are discussed.
Friction Induced Vibrations in Aircraft Disk Brakes (1997)

Abstract This paper presents a detailed analysis of the dynamic behavior of a single rotor/stator brake system. Two separate mathematical models of the brake are considered. First, a non-rotational model is constructed with the purpose of showing that friction induced vibration can occur in the stator without assuming stick-slip behavior and a velocity dependent friction coefficient. Self-induced vibrations are analyzed via the application of the method of multiple scales. The stability boundaries of the primary resonance, as well as the super-harmonics and sub-harmonics are determined. Secondly, rotational effects are investigated by considering a mathematical brake model consisting of a spinning rotor engaging against a flexible stator. Again, a constant friction coefficient is assumed. The stability of steady whirl is determined as a function of the system parameters. We demonstrate that only forward whirl is stable for no-slip motion of the rotor. The interactions between chatter, squeal, and rotor whirl are investigated through numeric simulation. It is shown that rotor whirl can be an important source of the torsional oscillations (squeal) of the stator and that the settling time to no-slip decreases as the ratio of the stator to rotor stiffness is increased.
The Relationship of School Climate Factors to Counselor Self‐Efficacy (1995)

A survey of school counselors was conducted to measure the relationship of Bandura's (1977b) concept of self‐efficacy with school climate, counselor roles, and a variety of demographic variables. Results indicated that supportive staff and administrators were the strongest predictors of high counselor efficacy expectancy. In addition, outcome expectancy for school counselor behavior was predicted by both a similarly high degree of support from staff and administrators and fewer nonrelated counseling activities performed by school counselors. Discussion of results and implications for research and practice are presented.
Maximal Controlled Invariant Sets of Switched Linear Systems (2002)

In this paper, controlled invariant sets of switched linear systems are studied. In particular, the problem of finding the maximal controlled invariant set (MCIS) contained in a linear space is addressed.
Highlights of Antibody Engineering and Therapeutics 2019 in San Diego, USA: Bispecific Antibody Design and Clinical Applications (2020)

Although there are only two bispecific antibody (bsAb) drugs in the market, around 100 bsAb drug candidates are in clinical development. BsAbs have gained fast growing investment and attractions from the biopharmaceutical industry and academia in recent years. Antibody Engineering & Therapeutics 2019 (AET 2019) was held in San Diego, USA, from December 9th to 13th, 2019. This year's AET certainly reflected the trend. In this report, we selected eleven presentations from AET 2019 to highlight bsAbs' design and their potentials in cancer therapy. These presentations have discussed emerging strategies to improve bispecific antibody drugs in efficacy, safety, and production. As compared to CAR-Ts, some T cell-redirecting bsAbs may potentially achieve comparable efficacies with less side effects and toxicities, as evidenced with both preclinical and clinical data reviewed at the conference. Several approaches to reduce T cell engagers' toxicities including conditionally active bsAbs and IgM-based bsAbs were also presented and discussed at the conference. For the first time, The Antibody Society and the Chinese Antibody Society jointly held a special session at the AET.
Role of the Mineral in the Self-Healing of Cracks in Human Enamel (2022)

Human enamel is an incredibly resilient biological material, withstanding repeated daily stresses for decades. The mechanisms behind this resilience remain an open question, with recent studies demonstrating a crack-deflection mechanism contributing to enamel toughness and other studies detailing the roles of the organic matrix and remineralization. Here, we focus on the mineral and hypothesize that self-healing of cracks in enamel nanocrystals may be an additional mechanism acting to prevent catastrophic failure. To test this hypothesis, we used a molecular dynamics (MD) approach to compare the fracture behavior of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and calcite, the main minerals in human enamel and sea urchin teeth, respectively. We find that cracks heal under pressures typical of mastication by fusion of crystals in HAP but not in calcite, which is consistent with the resilience of HAP enamel that calcite teeth lack. Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images of structurally intact ("sound") human enamel show dashed-line nanocracks that resemble and therefore might be the cracks healed by fusion of crystals produced <i>in silico</i>. The fast, self-healing mechanism shown here is common in soft materials and ceramics but has not been observed in single crystalline materials at room temperature. The crack self-healing in sound enamel nanocrystals, therefore, is unique in the human body and unique in materials science, with potential applications in designing bioinspired materials.
Advanced Si-based Semiconductors for Energy and Photonic Applications (2009)

Group-IV semiconductors, including alloys incorporating Sn, have been grown on dimensionally dissimilar Si substrates using novel molecular hydride chemistries with tunable reactivities that enable low temperature, CMOS compatible integration via engineering of the interface microstructure. Here we focus on properties of three such Ge-based systems including: (1) device quality Ge layers with thicknesses &gt;5m possessing dislocation densities &lt;105/cm2 are formed using molecular mixtures of Ge2H6 and highly reactive (GeH3)2CH2 organometallic additives circumventing the classical Stranski-Krastanov growth mechanism, (2) metastable GeSn alloys are grown on Si via reactions of Ge2H6 and SnD4, and (3) ternary SiGeSn analogs are produced lattice-matched to Ge-buffered Si using admixtures of SiGeH6, SiGe2H8, SnD4, Ge2H6, and Si3H8. Optical experiments and prototype device fabrication demonstrate that the ternary SiGeSn system represents the first group-IV alloy with a tunable electronic structure at fixed lattice constant, effectively decoupling band gap and strain and eliminating the most important limitation in device designs based on group-IV materials. Doping at levels higher than 1019 cm-3 (both p and n-type) is achieved for all the above semiconductor systems using a similar precursor chemistry approach. Electrical and infrared optical experiments demonstrate that doped GeSn and SiGeSn have mobilities that compare or exceed that of bulk Ge. The potential applications of these materials, including micro- and optoelectronics as well as photovoltaics and thermoelectricity, are discussed.
Tertiäres Phosphan/Hexachlorethan als Kondensationsreagenz für die Peptidsynthese (1979)

Abstract Mit dem Dehydratisierungsreagenz tertiäres Phosphan/Hexachlorethan lassen sich N ‐geschützte Aminosäuren und Aminosäureester in hohen Ausbeuten zu Peptiden kondensieren. Funktionelle Gruppen in den Seitenketten von Serin, Threonin, Tyrosin, Asparagin und Glutamin werden nicht angegriffen Unter Zusatz von 1‐Hydroxybenzotriazol verläuft der Anderson ‐Test racemisierungsfrei.