gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas Electrode Reactions in Molten Carbonate Media: Part V . Electrochemical Analysis of the Oxygen Reduction Mechanism at a Fully Immersed Gold Electrode (1994)

The effect of and gas partial pressures on the reduction path at a gold flag electrode has been investigated in , , , , and melts at 615 to 800°C. We carried out precise measurements of the Warburg coefficient of the ac impedance at the rest potential, using a Randles‐Ershler equivalent circuit. Taking into account four possible diffusing species, i.e., , , , and , a graphical reaction order analysis was made using the Warburg coefficients. It was found that only the case of mixed diffusion of and results in a satisfactory linear relationship. Thus, we conclude that the simultaneous diffusion of and is the dominant feature of the oxygen reduction path in the molten carbonate mixtures used in this study. Based on this conclusion, we estimated the diffusion coefficient of and .
Genetic variation near IRS1 associates with reduced adiposity and an impaired metabolic profile (2011)

Genome-wide association studies have identified 32 loci influencing body mass index, but this measure does not distinguish lean from fat mass. To identify adiposity loci, we meta-analyzed associations between ∼2.5 million SNPs and body fat percentage from 36,626 individuals and followed up the 14 most significant (P &lt; 10−6) independent loci in 39,576 individuals. We confirmed a previously established adiposity locus in FTO (P = 3 × 10−26) and identified two new loci associated with body fat percentage, one near IRS1 (P = 4 × 10−11) and one near SPRY2 (P = 3 × 10−8). Both loci contain genes with potential links to adipocyte physiology. Notably, the body-fat–decreasing allele near IRS1 is associated with decreased IRS1 expression and with an impaired metabolic profile, including an increased visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease and decreased adiponectin levels. Our findings provide new insights into adiposity and insulin resistance.
Supplementary Figures 1 through 6, and Supplementary Tables 1 through 3 from Tumor-Infiltrating Merkel Cell Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells Are Diverse and Associated with Improved Patient Survival (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. KLL-specific TCR diversity in PBMC is not correlated with the magnitude of KLL-specific responses. Figure S2. Clonality of KLL-specific T cell repertoire in PBMC of MCC patients does not correlate with disease outcome. Figure S3. T cell infiltrate of tumor samples characterized by TCR repertoire and IHC. Figure S4. Clonality of the T cell repertoire within tumors of MCC patients does not correlate with disease outcome. Figure S5. Percentage and number of KLL-specific clonotypes amid tumors. Table S1. Homologs to the CT15-23 (KLLEIAPNC) epitope from other polyomaviruses. Table S2. Characteristics of MCC Patients with A*02/KLL Tetramer+T cells. Table S3. List of all TCRβ clonotypes resolved from HLA-A*02:01/KLL-tetramer sorted T cells, annotated by patient.&lt;/p&gt;
Stable Phosphorus Passivated SiO<sub>2</sub>/4H-SiC Interface Using Thin Oxides (2014)

The NO (nitric oxide) passivation process for 4H-SiC MOSFETs (silicon carbide metal-oxide-semiconductor filed effect transistors) effectively reduces the interface trap density and increases the inversion channel mobility from less that 10 to around 35cm 2 /V.s, only 5% of the bulk mobility. Recent results on the phosphorous passivation of the SiO 2 /4H-SiC interface have shown that it improves the mobility to about 90 cm 2 /V.s. Phosphorous passivation converts oxide (SiO 2 ) into phosphosilicate glass (PSG) which is a polar material and results in device instabilities under abias-temperature stress (BTS) measurements. To limit the polarization effect, a new thin PSG process has been developed. The interface trap density of 4H-SiC-MOS capacitors using this process is as low as 3x10 11 cm -2 eV -1 . BTS results on MOSFETs have shown that the thin PSG devices are as stable as NO passivated devices with mobility around 80 cm 2 /V.s.
Real-time understanding of lignocellulosic bioethanol fermentation by Raman spectroscopy (2013)

Our results show that the changing ethanol and glucose concentrations during lignocellulosic fermentation processes can be monitored in real-time, allowing for optimization and control of large scale bioconversion processes.
[Epidemiology of patients presenting to the emergency room for dyspnea in Belgium]. (2021)

Studies about patients' profile presenting to the emergency department for dyspnea are scarce in Europe, and even more in Belgium. We analyze here a cohort of patients with acute dyspnea in three Belgian centers, as to the epidemiology of this dyspnea, the tests carried out, the diagnoses retained, the treatments administered, the hospitalization and survival rates. The secondary objective is to compare this Belgian cohort with a European population resulting from a large multicenter study. The analysis of 131 patients showed that acute dyspnea in the emergency department corresponds to four main diagnoses (exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections of the lower respiratory tract, acute cardiac decompensation and asthma). The age of patients is over 80 years in a quarter of them, the hospitalization rate is 57 % and the mortality is 5 %. Our analysis also reveals that the check of vital parameters may be insufficiently realized, as may the use of non-invasive ventilation. Etiological diagnoses made in the emergency department are confirmed at the end of hospitalization in 75 % of cases. The Belgian population is younger than the European population (62 against 69 years), presents fewer infection of the lower respiratory tract (20 % against 31 %), and is comparable to the European population for the other parameters studied. The article ends with 10 key messages that will enlighten clinicians about the reality of acute dyspnea in emergency rooms in Belgium.
A Novel Method for Determination of Fluid Confinement Effects on Gas Condensate Dew Point Pressure (2021)

Summary There are conflicting theories for the impact of confinement for gas-condensate fluids within unconventional rocks mainly because there are very limited supporting experimental studies. In this study, for the first time, a novel method for measuring the dew point pressure of two gas condensate samples with different richness within a low permeability conventional core sample and two shale core plugs is presented.
An avidin‐like domain that does not bind biotin is adopted for oligomerization by the extracellular mosaic protein fibropellin (2005)

The protein avidin found in egg white seems optimized for binding the small vitamin biotin as a stable homotetramer. Indeed, along with its streptavidin ortholog in the bacterium Streptomyces avidinii, this protein shows the strongest known noncovalent bond of a protein with a small ligand. A third known member of the avidin family, as similar to avidin as is streptavidin, is found at the C-terminal ends of the multidomain fibropellin proteins found in sea urchin. The fibropellins form a layer known as the apical lamina that surrounds the sea urchin embryo throughout development. Based upon the structure of avidin, we deduced a structural model for the avidin-like domain of the fibropellins and found that computational modeling predicts a lack of biotin binding and the preservation of tetramerization. To test this prediction we expressed and purified the fibropellin avidin-like domain and found it indeed to be a homotetramer incapable of binding biotin. Several lines of evidence suggest that the avidin-like domain causes the entire fibropellin protein to tetramerize. We suggest that the presence of the avidin-like domain serves a structural (tetrameric form) rather than functional (biotin-binding) role and may therefore be a molecular instance of exaptation-the modification of an existing function toward a new function. Finally, based upon the oligomerization of the avidin-like domain, we propose a model for the overall structure of the apical lamina.
On oxygen plasma‐treated polypropylene interfaces with air, water, and epoxy resins. II. Epoxy resins (1991)

Abstract XPS, SEM, SSIMS, FTIR‐ATR, water‐in‐air, and air‐in‐water contact angle measurements have been used to unambiguously characterize the locus of failure of PP/epoxy joints. In the case of untreated PP, the fracture has been found adhesive, whereas in oxygen plasmatreated PP, it is cohesive, within bulk PP, but close to the modified PP‐bulk PP interface. The smoothness of fracture surfaces allowed us to exclude mechanical interlocking effects. Shear‐strength measurements showed that the mechanical strength of the joint was improved by plasma treatment. Preliminary thermal equilibration of the plasma‐treated PP sample and changes in the curing cycle of the epoxy resin did not change either the locus of failure or the shear strength of the joint. The reason is probably because the number of polar functions left at the surface after thermal equilibration is sufficient to induce adhesion. The mechanical strength of the PP surface layer may be the determining factor. Fracture energy calculations showed that the observed locus of failure is the same as predicted on the basis of surface energy considerations.
Design, Structure–Activity Relationship, and in Vivo Characterization of the Development Candidate NVP-HSP990 (2014)

Utilizing structure-based drug design, a novel dihydropyridopyrimidinone series which exhibited potent Hsp90 inhibition, good pharmacokinetics upon oral administration, and an excellent pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic relationship in vivo was developed from a commercial hit. The exploration of this series led to the selection of NVP-HSP990 as a development candidate.
Modeling dust layer behavior in pulsed precipitation and comparison with bench scale experimental results (1989)

The effect of a collected flyash layer on electrostatic precipitator (ESP) behavior is investigated. Dust layer and back corona effects are combined with a previously developed model of pulse energized precipitation to simulate experimental measurements. To obtain reproducible results and size-specific efficiencies in the presence of a flyash layer required the use of entrained model particles and carefully controlled humidity. Differences between empirical model parameters obtained here and values derived from other experiments suggest that electrical sneakage is a significant mechanism; extension of the model to accommodate this sneakage is discussed. Physical explanations are given for the efficiency maxima and minima with pulse rate variation that are exhibited by the model, and the implications for pulser control are discussed. It is concluded that the model has been developed to such a stage as to permit its utilization for the design of pulsed ESP supplies and controllers.
On the Utility of Ammonia Sensors for Diesel Emissions Control (2022)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper analyzes the use of an ammonia sensor for feedback control in diesel exhaust systems. We build our case around the specific example of the heavy duty transient cycle, and an exhaust system with an SCR catalyst, a single urea injector and an upstream and downstream NOx sensor. A key component in our analysis is the inclusion of the tolerance of the ammonia sensor. We show that with the current understanding of the sensor tolerance, the ammonia sensor has limited benefit for controls.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Supply Chain Sustainability Analysis of Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuels via Indirect Liquefaction, Fast Pyrolysis, and Hydrothermal Liquefaction: Update of the 2016 State-of-Technology Cases and Design Cases (2017)

This technical memorandum describes the supply chain sustainability analyses (SCSA) for the production of three renewable hydrocarbon transportation fuels: (1) renewable high octane gasoline (HOG) via indirect liquefaction (IDL) of woody lignocellulosic biomass; (2) renewable gasoline (RG) via fast pyrolysis of woody lignocellulosic biomass; and (3) renewable diesel via hydrothermal liquefaction of algae. This technical memorandum focuses on the 2016 State of Technology (SOT) technical, economic, and environmental performance of these three fuel production pathways, as well as the 2016 SOT woody feedstock blend production and the 2016 SOT for algae feedstock production. The results of these renewable hydrocarbon fuel pathways in these SCSA analyses update those for the respective 2015 SOT cases (Cai et al., 2016; Adom et al., 2016; Frank et al., 2016), and provide an opportunity to examine the impact of technology improvements of both biomass feedstock production and biofuel production that have been achieved since the 2015 SOTs on the sustainability performance of these renewable transportation fuels. Furthermore, they reflect updates to Argonne National Laboratory's Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET[R]) model, which was released in October 2016 (ANL, 2016). The 2015 SOT case was re-evaluated using this newly-released version, which includes updates to the production of natural gas, electricity, and liquid fuels that can influence biofuels' supply chain greenhouse gas (GHG) (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions. These emissions and water consumption are the two sustainability metrics assessed in this analysis. The design cases (future target projections) for these three fuel production pathways were also re-evaluated using GREET 2016. In particular, the 2016 woody blend feedstock SOT was used in lieu of the previous design case woody blend feedstock, which utilized construction and demolition waste (INL, 2014). In the 2016 woody blend feedstock SOT, the construction and demolition waste was eliminated due to a lack of Renewable Identification Number (RINs) generation, and replaced with short rotation hybrid poplar in order to align with the woody feedstock blend that was chosen by the BETO Feedstock-Conversion Interface Consortium (FCIC) for the 2017 fast pyrolysis verification.
High-speed Waveguide Switches for Optical Packet-switched Routers and Networks (2004)

This paper presents an optical waveguide switch with a switching time of 1.26-1.39 ns in the C band and demonstrates optical packet switching for an optical packet stream with a 40-Gbps NRZ signal.
Short Communication: Comparative Evaluation of Coformulated Injectable Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Rhesus Macaques (2015)

The use of nonhuman primate (NHP) models to study persistent residual virus and viral eradication strategies in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-treated individuals requires regimens that effectively suppress SIV replication to clinically relevant levels in macaques. We developed and evaluated two novel cART regimens in SIVmac239-infected rhesus macaques: (1) a "triple regimen" containing the nucleo(s/t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors emtricitabine (FTC) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate [TDF, prodrug of tenofovir (TFV, PMPA)] with the integrase strand transfer inhibitor dolutegravir (DTG) (n = 3), or (2) a "quad regimen" containing the same three drugs plus the protease inhibitor darunavir (DRV) (n = 3), with each regimen coformulated for convenient administration by a single daily subcutaneous injection. Plasma drug concentrations were consistent across animals within the triple and quad regimen-treated groups, although DTG levels were lower in the quad regimen animals. Time to achieve plasma viral loads stably <30 viral RNA copies/ml ranged from 12 to 20 weeks of treatment between animals, and viral loads <30 viral RNA copies/ml plasma were maintained through 40 weeks of follow-up on cART. Notably, although we show virologic suppression and development of viral resistance in a separate cohort of SIV-infected animals treated with oral DRV monotherapy, the addition of DRV in the quad regimen did not confer an apparent virologic benefit during early treatment, hence the quad regimen-treated animals were switched to the triple regimen after 4 weeks. This coformulated triple cART regimen can be safely, conveniently, and sustainably administered to durably suppress SIV replication to clinically relevant levels in rhesus macaques.
ChemInform Abstract: Laser‐Induced Fluorescence Spectrum of the Cyanocyclopentadienyl Radical. A Band System Long Attributed to Triplet Phenylnitrene. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultrafast carrier dynamics in PbS quantum dots (2008)

We report studies of multi-carrier dynamics in PbS quantum dots. Nanosecond recombination times are observed for the 1S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">el</sub> -1S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3/2</sub> transition and evidence of direct radiative recombination from 1P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">el</sub> -1P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3/2</sub> is observed on picoseconds time scales.
Biorefinery options to valorize the spent liquor from sulfite pulping (2014)

Abstract BACKGROUND Spent sulfite liquor is a by‐product obtained in the process of manufacturing dissolving pulp by the acid sulfite method. A full physico‐chemical characterization of this waste has been developed in order to determine if it is susceptible to valorization by means of biorefinery processes. RESULTS The main components present in this spent liquor are sugars from hemicelluloses (25.9%), mainly xylose (18.2%) because hardwood is used as a raw material, and lignosulfonates (50.6%). Taking into account the results obtained, a literature search has been done in order to establish the biorefinery options for this lignocellulosic waste, giving lignosulfonates, xylitol, ethanol, polyhydroxybutyrate or polybutylene‐succinate, hydrogen and furfural as the best options. However, other compounds present in the liquor such as furans, acids and inorganic pollutants can complicate the valorization options. CONCLUSIONS Spent sulfite liquor can be a good feedstock for biomass based processes. This paper will be useful for future work regarding the potential biorefinery opportunities of the sulfite mill. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Recirculation and the post-dialysis rebound (1996)

Limitations to short haemodiaiysis It is now generally accepted that there is a significant risk of underdialysis if the treatment time is shortened towards 4 h or less. To avoid these risks, a return to longer dialysis times has been advocated, despite the increase in cost and inconvenience to the patient. An alternative strategy would be to understand the mechanism of reduced efficiency in short dialysis and specifically correct for it without resorting to long treatments. If it were possible to increase the rate of removal of fluid and solute mass in proportion to the reduction of dialysis time, without increasing the patient's fluid content, blood pressure or solute concentrations, then the short treatment would have equivalent efficacy to the long treatment. There are a number of factors which combine to reduce rate of fluid and solute removal in short dialysis. These include the relatively slow diffusion of middle and large molecular weight solutes, hypotension related to high ultrafiltration rates and the post-dialysis rebound. This paper will consider only the post-dialysis rebound, although it is accepted that other factors need to be considered when prescribing short dialysis. The rate at which solute can be removed from the patient is dependent on the dialyser clearance and on the rate at which solute can be conveyed from all parts of the body into the arterial needle. While the dialyser clearance rate is controllable and relatively easy to measure, the other factors are much more difficult to measure and are generally impossible to modify. For solute to travel from the intracellular compartment (which is the largest body water compartment) to the needle, it must cross the cell membrane, be carried into the central circulation by venous blood flow, be pumped into the aorta by the heart and carried to the needle by the fistula blood flow. Therefore the rate of transfer depends on the intra/extracellular mass transfer coefficient, regional blood flow rates, cardiac output
Distribution and impact of yeast thermal tolerance permissive for mammalian infection (2015)

Thermal tolerance was significantly more common among ascomycetous than basidiomycetous yeasts, suggesting an explanation for the preponderance of ascomycetous yeasts among human pathogenic fungi. Analysis of strain maximum tolerable temperature as a function of collection time suggested that basidiomycetous yeasts are rapidly adapting to global warming. The analysis identified genera with a high prevalence of the thermal-tolerant species that could serve as sources of emerging pathogenic fungi.
A MIMO DVB-T2 system with a newly designed bit mapper for UHDTV broadcasting (2015)

We propose a design methodology of a bit mapper based on the extrinsic information transfer (EXIT)-chart analysis for the dual-polarized multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) digital video broadcasting-2nd generation terrestrial (DVB-T2) system. The proposed methodology reduces the design complexity and the simulation results show that newly-designed bit mappers outperform over the conventional bit mapper in the DVB-T2 specification under a MIMO fading channel.
Hydrogen Sulfide Inhibits Cadmium-Induced Cell Death of Cucumber Seedling Root Tips by Protecting Mitochondrial Physiological Function (2021)

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) can alleviate Cd-induced cell death, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear. To shed light on these mechanisms, cell death induced by 200 μM cadmium chloride in cucumber seedlings root tips was used as a model system. Here, we report that the negative effect of Cd stress in mitochondrial physiological functions include changes in cytochrome c/a, mitochondrial membrane permeability transition pores, and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Moreover, Cd stress led to the release of mitochondrial Ca 2+ into the cytosol. Exogenous application of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, a donor of H 2 S) inhibited cell death and maintains mitochondrial function by reducing mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide accumulation, increasing ATPase activity and down-regulating CsVDAC and CsANT expression. In summary, H 2 S suppressed Cd-induced cell death by improving mitochondrial physiological properties.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Diazonaphthoquinones from Naphthols by Diazo‐Transfer Reaction with 2‐Azido‐1,3‐dimethylimidazolinium Chloride. (2010)

Abstract Reaction of 1‐ and 2‐naphthol derivatives with AIC offers a general method for the synthesis of the title compounds.
Chaotic Free-Space Laser Communication over a Turbulent Channel (2002)

The dynamics of errors caused by atmospheric turbulence in a self-synchronizing chaos-based communication system that stably transmits information over an approximately 5 km free-space laser link is studied experimentally. Binary information is transmitted using a chaotic sequence of short-term pulses as a carrier. The information signal slightly shifts the chaotic time position of each pulse depending on the information bit. We report the results of an experimental analysis of the atmospheric turbulence in the channel and the impact of turbulence on the bit-error-rate performance of this chaos-based communication system.