gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generative Adversarial Network for Integrated Circuits Physical Assurance Using Scanning Electron Microscopy (2021)

Recent advancements in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Computer Vision (CV) provide the researchers in Failure Analysis and Reliability (FAR) as well as Hardware Security (HS) with new opportunities to design novel systems to locate security failures or malicious modifications. Such developments in automation and verification modes are extremely helpful in particular for government agencies who must physically assure chips with billions of transistors within critical applications. AI based techniques such as deep learning can provide a high-performance detection and recognition of elements from Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) images acquired from Integrated Circuits (ICs) and understand unseen images if they are trained well. However, they require a large and diverse set of images for building their knowledge. Possessing a large number of manufactured designs as well as the high cost and execution time associated with the image acquisition process are the major bottlenecks for creating a sufficient dataset. Alternatively, conventional data augmentation techniques such as intensity change, noise injection, rotation, and translation are not always able to project the variations of images acquired by SEM with different acquisition parameters. Furthermore, augmentations like rotation, translation, and shear might generate unacceptable augmented cell structures. This paper proposes a unique approach to detect logic cells on SEM images and use the extracted samples to generate diversified synthetic logic cell images by a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) to address insufficient data problems. We introduce an image quality assessment metric for the synthetic dataset in order to study the qualification of generated samples for recognition computations.
Physicochemical Characterization of Transport in Nanosized Membrane Structures (2009)

The understanding of polymer-solvent interactions is highly important for the development of tailored membrane manufacturing procedures and for the prediction of membrane performance from transport mechanisms. This study examines the permeation performance of organic solvents through state-of-the-art polyimide membranes (STARMEM, Membrane Extraction Technology Ltd.). Solvents are systematically selected to allow investigation of the effects of key physicochemical transport parameters by keeping constant all other parameters thought to be relevant. The effect of the solubility parameter, polarity (dielectric constant), surface tension, and viscosity are studied in detail. Dead-end permeation experiments are carried out at 20 bar with STARMEM 122 and STARMEM 240 membranes. Results for the selected solvents show higher permeation rates for ketones over alcohols and aromatics as well as for acids. It is suggested that the viscosity and polarity have a greater influence than the other parameters. The effect of solvent molar volume is also investigated. Transport of solvents with high molar volume, independent of their polarity and compatibility with the membrane material, is slower in all cases than for solvents with smaller molar volume. The solubility parameter does not show any significant effect on transport phenomena.
Tumor Lesion Glycolysis and Tumor Lesion Proliferation for Response Prediction and Prognostic Differentiation in Patients With Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Erlotinib (2012)

In patients with advanced NSCLC, percentage changes of TLG and TLP and absolute residual TLG and TLP levels under erlotinib treatment emerged as strong predictive factors for PFS. Our findings indicate that a cutoff value of 20% or 30% for definition of metabolic response measured by percentage changes of TLG and TLP provides suitable results for response prediction, which should be further validated.
Junctophilin Proteins Tether a Cav1-RyR2-KCa3.1 Tripartite Complex to Regulate Neuronal Excitability (2019)

The excitability of CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells is mediated by a slow AHP (sAHP) that responds to calcium increases by Cav1 calcium channels and ryanodine receptors (RyR). We used super-resolution and FRET microscopy to investigate the proximity and functional coupling among Cav1.3/Cav1.2, RyR2, and KCa3.1 potassium channels that contribute to the sAHP. dSTORM and FRET imaging shows that Cav1.3, RyR2, and KCa3.1 are organized as a triprotein complex that colocalizes with junctophilin (JPH) 3 and 4 proteins that tether the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum. JPH3 and JPH4 shRNAs dissociated a Cav1.3-RyR2-KCa3.1 complex and reduced the IsAHP. Infusing JPH3 and JPH4 antibodies into CA1 cells reduced IsAHP and spike accommodation. These data indicate that JPH3 and JPH4 proteins maintain a Cav1-RyR2-KCa3.1 complex that allows two calcium sources to act in tandem to define the activation properties of KCa3.1 channels and the IsAHP.
Three Sisters with Addison’s Disease (1998)

We report on a family, of mother, father, and six siblings (Table At the age of 5 yr, sibling E was hospitalized with fever, dyspnea, and vomiting. Clinically she was dehydrated. Her blood pressure was 98/50 mm Hg; pulse, 156 min 1 ; and temperature, 38.9 C. Her blood hemoglobin was 152 g/L; leukocytes, 17.3 10 9 cells/L; and glucose, 1.6 mmol/L. Serum C-reactive protein was 146 mg/L; sodium, 125 mmol/L; potassium, 5.2 mmol/L; capillary blood pH, 7.15; and base excess, 22,3 mmol/L. Her condition was treated as septicemia. Psychomotoric retardation was noted, and a computer tomography revealed intracranial calcifications. On a follow-up visit, 6 weeks later, blood was drawn for serum calcium, magnesium, and PTH analysis.
Mechanism of Action of Donor-Specific Transfusion in Inducing Tolerance (2004)

ABSTRACT. Donor-specific transfusion (DST) can synergize with T cell co-stimulatory blockade in inducing tolerance in several transplant models, but the mechanism of action of DST is poorly characterized. This study used genetically altered mice in an established model of cardiac transplantation to study the role of MHC and co-stimulatory molecule expression on DST cells in mediating the immunomodulatory effects of DST. In addition, to examine the role of indirect antigen presentation in the effect of DST, experiments used recipient mice that do not express MHC class II molecules on peripheral antigen-presenting cells, but do have functional CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells (II<sup>−</sup>4<sup>+</sup>). As previously reported, treatment with DST from wild-type donors in combination with CD154 blockade induced tolerance in wild-type recipients of cardiac allografts. Tolerance in this model is also induced despite the absence of MHC class I and II, CD40, or B7 molecules on transfused cells. In contrast, eliminating the indirect pathway using II<sup>−</sup>4<sup>+</sup> recipients blocked the induction of long-term cardiac allograft survival by DST. These results indicate that the indirect antigen recognition pathway mediates the immunomodulatory effect of DST in inducing transplantation tolerance <i>in vivo</i>.
Assessing computer performance with stocs (2013)

Several aspects of a computer system cause performance measurements to include random errors. Moreover, these systems are typically composed of a non-trivial combination of individual components that may cause one system to perform better or worse than another depending on the workload. Hence, properly measuring and comparing computer systems performance are non-trivial tasks.
Multinuclear magic-angle spinning and double-rotation NMR study of the synthesis and assembly of a sodalite semiconductor supralattice (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultinuclear magic-angle spinning and double-rotation NMR study of the synthesis and assembly of a sodalite semiconductor supralatticeR. Jelinek, B. F. Chmelka, A. Stein, and G. A. OzinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1992, 96, 16, 6744–6752Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100195a040https://doi.org/10.1021/j100195a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views80Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Kinetic study of the carboxymethylation of cellulose (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic study of the carboxymethylation of celluloseTapio Salmi, Daniel Valtakari, Erkki Paatero, Bjarne Holmbom, and Rainer SjoholmCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 6, 1454–1459Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00030a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00030a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
War of Words II: Enriched Models of Law-Making Processes (2021)

The European Union law-making process is an instance of a peer-production system. We mine a rich dataset of law edits and introduce models predicting their adoption by parliamentary committees. Edits are proposed by parliamentarians, and they can be in conflict with edits of other parliamentarians and with the original proposition in the law. Our models combine three different categories of features: (a) Explicit features extracted from data related to the edits, the parliamentarians, and the laws, (b) latent features that capture bi-linear interactions between parliamentarians and laws, and (c) text features of the edits. We show experimentally that this combination enables us to accurately predict the success of the edits. Furthermore, it leads to model parameters that are interpretable, hence provides valuable insight into the law-making process.
Management and prevention of drug resistance in chronic hepatitis B (2009)

The management of hepatitis B virus resistance to antivirals has evolved rapidly in recent years. The definition of resistance is now well established, with the importance of partial response and the improvement of assays to detect genotypic resistance and virological breakthrough. Data on phenotypic resistance have allowed to define the cross-resistance profile for the main resistant mutants, providing a rationale for treatment adaptation. Clinical studies have shown that an early treatment intervention in case of a virological breakthrough or a partial response with the addition of a second drug having a complementary cross-resistance profile allows one to maintain the majority of patients in clinical remission. The prevention of resistance should rely on the use of the most potent antivirals with a high genetic barrier to resistance as a first-line therapy. The future perspectives are to design strategies to hasten the HBsAg clearance, which should become a new treatment endpoint, to prevent drug resistance and to decrease the incidence of complications of chronic hepatitis B.
Optical gradient force nano-imaging and -spectroscopy (2015)

Nanoscale forces play an important role in different scanning probe microscopies, most notably atomic force microscopy (AFM). In contrast, in scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) a light-induced coupled local optical polarization between tip and sample is typically detected by scattering to the far field. Measurements of the optical gradient force associated with that optical near-field excitation would offer a novel optical scanning probe modality. Here we provide a generalized theory of optical gradient force nano-imaging and -spectroscopy. We quantify magnitude and distance dependence of the optical gradient force and its spectral response. We show that the optical gradient force is dispersive for single particle electronic and vibrational resonances, distinct from recent claims of its experimental observation. In contrast, the force can be absorptive for collective resonances. We provide a guidance for its measurements and distinction from competing processes such as thermal expansion.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Selective Reduction of Nitroalkenes into Enamides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hercule: Representing and Reasoning About Norms as a Foundation for Declarative Contracts Over Blockchain (2021)

Current blockchain approaches for business contracts are based on smart contracts, namely, software programs placed on a blockchain that are automatically executed to realize a contract. However, smart contracts lack flexibility and interfere with the autonomy of the parties concerned. We propose Hercule, an approach for declaratively specifying blockchain applications in a manner that reflects business contracts. Hercule represents a contract via regulatory norms that capture the involved parties’ expectations of one another. It computes the states of norms (hence, of contracts) from events in the blockchain. Hercule’s novelty and significance lie in that it operationalizes declarative contracts over semistructured databases, the underlying representation for practical blockchain such as Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum. Specifically, it exploits the map–reduce capabilities of such stores to compute norm states. We demonstrate that our implementation over Hyperledger Fabric can process thousands of events per second, sufficient for many applications.
Biological implications of polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidic cell culture (2009)

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) has become a staple of the microfluidics community by virtue of its simple fabrication process and material attributes, such as gas permeability, optical transparency, and flexibility. As microfluidic systems are put toward biological problems and increasingly utilized as cell culture platforms, the material properties of PDMS must be considered in a biological context. Two properties of PDMS were addressed in this study: the leaching of uncured oligomers from the polymer network into microchannel media, and the absorption of small, hydrophobic molecules (i.e. estrogen) from serum-containing media into the polymer bulk. Uncured PDMS oligomers were detectable via MALDI-MS in microchannel media both before and after Soxhlet extraction of PDMS devices in ethanol. Additionally, PDMS oligomers were identified in the plasma membranes of NMuMG cells cultured in PDMS microchannels for 24 hours. Cells cultured in extracted microchannels also contained a detectable amount of uncured PDMS. It was shown that MCF-7 cells seeded directly on PDMS inserts were responsive to hydrophilic prolactin but not hydrophobic estrogen, reflecting its specificity for absorbing small, hydrophobic molecules; and the presence of PDMS floating in wells significantly reduced cellular response to estrogen in a serum-dependent manner. Quantification of estrogen via ELISA revealed that microchannel estrogen partitioned rapidly into the surrounding PDMS to a ratio of approximately 9:1. Pretreatments such as blocking with serum or pre-absorbing estrogen for 24 hours did not affect estrogen loss from PDMS-based microchannels. These findings highlight the importance of careful consideration of culture system properties when determining an appropriate environment for biological experiments.
Supercritical fluids based technologies for advanced materials: from nanostructures synthesis to film deposition (2016)

Invited talk
Hallmarks of Processivity in Glycoside Hydrolases from Crystallographic and Computational Studies of the Serratia marcescens Chitinases (2012)

Degradation of recalcitrant polysaccharides in nature is typically accomplished by mixtures of processive and nonprocessive glycoside hydrolases (GHs), which exhibit synergistic activity wherein nonprocessive enzymes provide new sites for productive attachment of processive enzymes. GH processivity is typically attributed to active site geometry, but previous work has demonstrated that processivity can be tuned by point mutations or removal of single loops. To gain additional insights into the differences between processive and nonprocessive enzymes that give rise to their synergistic activities, this study reports the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of the GH family 18 nonprocessive endochitinase, ChiC, from Serratia marcescens. This completes the structural characterization of the co-evolved chitinolytic enzymes from this bacterium and enables structural analysis of their complementary functions. The ChiC catalytic module reveals a shallow substrate-binding cleft that lacks aromatic residues vital for processivity, a calcium-binding site not previously seen in GH18 chitinases, and, importantly, a displaced catalytic acid (Glu-141), suggesting flexibility in the catalytic center. Molecular dynamics simulations of two processive chitinases (ChiA and ChiB), the ChiC catalytic module, and an endochitinase from Lactococcus lactis show that the nonprocessive enzymes have more flexible catalytic machineries and that their bound ligands are more solvated and flexible. These three features, which relate to the more dynamic on-off ligand binding processes associated with nonprocessive action, correlate to experimentally measured differences in processivity of the S. marcescens chitinases. These newly defined hallmarks thus appear to be key dynamic metrics in determining processivity in GH enzymes complementing structural insights.
Development of sterically stabilized poly(isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles by chemical coupling of poly(ethylene glycol) (1997)

To develop rapidly biodegradable "stealth" nanoparticles, a physicochemical investigation was done on the formation of PEG-coated poly(isobutyl 2-cyanoacrylate) (PIBCA) nanoparticles. In particular, this study focused on the effect of polymerization conditions on particle size and surface properties, such as charge and hydrophilicity. Among the parameters involved, the pH of the polymerization medium was found to be a key to control the preparation of PEG-coated nanoparticles. Currently, poly(alkylcyanoacrylate) (PACA) nanoparticles are prepared in H2O at pH 2.5, the most appropriate for producing nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 200 nm and an unimodal size distribution. The presence of PEG in the polymerization medium was shown to affect particles formation: only a pH value < 1.5 led to the formation of colloidal nanoparticles, and slight pH variations dramatically affected particle size and PEG association. Polymer chemistry investigations and chemical determination of PEG strongly suggest that PEG associated with nanoparticles was well copolymerized with PIBCA.
Role of NKp46 + natural killer cells in house dust mite‐driven asthma (2018)

House dust mite (HDM)-allergic asthma is driven by T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes, but also innate immune cells control key aspects of the disease. The precise function of innate natural killer (NK) cells during the initiation and propagation of asthma has been very confusing, in part because different, not entirely specific, strategies were used to target these cells. We show that HDM inhalation rapidly led to the accumulation of NK cells in the lung-draining lymph nodes and of activated CD69<sup>+</sup> NK cells in the bronchoalveolar lumen. However, genetically engineered <i>Ncr1</i>-DTA or <i>Ncr1</i>-DTR mice that constitutively or temporarily lack NK cells, still developed all key features of acute or chronic HDM-driven asthma, such as bronchial hyperreactivity, Th2 cytokine production, eosinophilia, mucus overproduction, and Th2-dependent immunoglobulin serum titers. The same results were obtained by administration of conventional NK1.1 or asialo-GM1 NK cell-depleting antibodies, antibody-mediated blocking of the NKG2D receptor, or genetic NKG2D deficiency. Thus, although NK cells accumulate in allergen-challenged lungs, our findings comprehensively demonstrate that these cells are not required for HDM-driven asthma in the mouse.
Piezoelectric and Electrostatic Bimetal-Based Thermal Energy Harvesters (2013)

International audience
Chromosome 11-Centric Human Proteome Analysis of Human Brain Hippocampus Tissue (2013)

Human chromosome 11 is the third gene-rich chromosome having 1304 protein-coding genes. According to the GeneCards, this chromosome contains 240 genes related to diseases, as it is well known as a disease-rich chromosome. Although there are many protein-coding genes, the proteomic identification ratio is rather low. As a model study, human hippocampal tissues from patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy were prepared to evaluate the gene-centric statistics related to the gene expression and disorders of chromosome 11. A total of 8828 protein coding genes from brain tissues were extensively off-gel fractionated and profiled by a high resolution mass spectrometer with collision induced dissociation and electron transfer dissociation. Five-hundred twenty-three of the proteins from brain tissues were determined to belong to chromosome 11, representing 37% of the proteins reported in the Global Proteome Machine Database. We extracted gene clusters from a specific biological process or molecular function in gene ontology, among which the olfactory receptor genes showed the largest cluster on chromosome 11. Analysis of the proteome data set from the hippocampus provides a significant network associated with genes and proteins and leads to new insights into the biological and genetic mechanisms of chromosome 11-specific diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.