gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MicroRNA hsa-let-7g targets lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 expression and inhibits apoptosis in human smooth muscle cells (2012)

Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) has been identified as a major receptor for oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) in endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells (SMCs). MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Very few studies have reported regulation of LOX-1 expression by microRNAs in SMCs. The present study demonstrates that the microRNA hsa-let-7g can inhibit LOX-1 expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, and subsequently inhibit ox-LDL uptake in and proliferation of human aortic SMCs. We also show that hsa-let-7g can reduce SMC apoptosis by down-regulation of cytochrome c and Smac/Diablo and upregulation of Bcl-xL and Bcl-2 expression. Furthermore, we show that hsa-let-7g reduces ox-LDL-induced increase in the expression of NADPH oxidase (p22(phox) and p47(phox) subunits) and subsequent intracellular reactive oxygen species generation, phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB p65 expression. These observations suggest that hsa-let-7g is a critical regulator of SMC apoptosis, and may be suitable for therapeutic intervention in disease states characterized by LOX-1 over-expression.
Supplementary Figure Legend from A Recombinant Immunotoxin against the Tumor-Associated Antigen Mesothelin Reengineered for High Activity, Low Off-Target Toxicity, and Reduced Antigenicity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 79K&lt;/p&gt;
Efficient MRC construction with SHARDS (2015)

Reuse-distance analysis is a powerful technique for characterizing temporal locality of workloads, often visualized with miss ratio curves (MRCs). Unfortunately, even the most efficient exact implementations are too heavyweight for practical online use in production systems.We introduce a new approximation algorithm that employs uniform randomized spatial sampling, implemented by tracking references to representative locations selected dynamically based on their hash values. A further refinement runs in constant space by lowering the sampling rate adaptively. Our approach, called SHARDS (Spatially Hashed Approximate Reuse Distance Sampling), drastically reduces the space and time requirements of reuse-distance analysis, making continuous, online MRC generation practical to embed into production firmware or system software. SHARDS also enables the analysis of long traces that, due to memory constraints, were resistant to such analysis in the past.We evaluate SHARDS using trace data collected from a commercial I/O caching analytics service. MRCs generated for more than a hundred traces demonstrate high accuracy with very low resource usage. MRCs constructed in a bounded 1 MB footprint, with effective sampling rates significantly lower than 1%, exhibit approximate miss ratio errors averaging less than 0.01. For large traces, this configuration reduces memory usage by a factor of up to 10,800 and run time by a factor of up to 204.
On the Bit-Error Rate of Product Accumulate Codes in Optical Fiber Communications (2004)

Product accumulate (PA) codes were proposed as a class of high-rate low-complexity, capacity-approaching codes on additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channels. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the PA codes on intensity modulated optical fiber channels where the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise dominates all other noise sources. We consider binary on-off keying (OOK) modulation and iterative soft-decision message-passing decoding for the PA codes. Three channel models for the ASE noise dominated channel are investigated: asymmetric chi-square, asymmetric Gaussian, and symmetric Gaussian channels (i.e., AWGN). At low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs), due to the lack of tight bounds, code performance is evaluated using simulations of typical PA coding schemes. For high SNRs that are beyond simulation capabilities, we derive the pairwise error probability of the three channels and explore an average upper bound on the bit-error rate over the ensemble of PA codes. We show that AWGN channels, although fundamentally different from chi-square channels, can serve as a reference to approximate the performance of high-rate PA codes.
Electrically Active Polymers (2003)

Abstract In the years since the discovery of conductivity in polyacetylene, a tremendous amount of research has been devoted to the synthesis, characterization, and application development of electrically active polymers. This article reviews the theory of conduction in these materials and discusses the syntheses of the major types of electrically active polymers. Electrical conductivities of these polymers are presented along with stability and mechanical and optical properties. The unique combinations of properties in these materials have led to a wide range of practical applications, which are also discussed.
Viral Protein Synthesis by Tissues from Avian Leukosis Virus-Infected Chickens (1977)

Abstract Chickens of susceptible line 15I were infected at hatching with avian leukosis virus. Viral protein synthesis was detected by showing 14C amino acid incorporation into these proteins by tissues in vitro as shown by autoradiography of viral group-specific (gs) protein immunoelectrophoretic patterns. Synthesis of viral gs proteins p27, p15, and p12 was first detected in all tissues examined of 18-day-old chickens (thymus, spleen, bursa, liver, kidney, testis, ovary, and lung), continued up to 7 to 9 weeks, but could not be detected at 10 weeks, except in lung and genital organs. Grossly leukotic chickens showed gs protein synthesis primarily in the bursa and spleen but, depending on the degree of leukotic infiltration, also in the liver and kidney. Tissues from uninfected controls never showed any gs protein synthesis. The results indicated that all tissues tested were active in viral replication during the initial viremic stage of the disease, whereas during the leukotic stage, lymphoma cells were the predominant cell type active in viral protein synthesis. Enhanced IgG synthesis in spleen tissue from infected chickens during the viremic stage suggested the presence of a humoral immune response to the virus. Leukotic tissue also appeared to produce both IgM and IgG.
Activation Studies of the γ-Carbonic Anhydrases from the Antarctic Marine Bacteria Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis and Colwellia psychrerythraea with Amino Acids and Amines (2019)

The γ-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) present in the Antarctic marine bacteria <i>Pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis</i> and <i>Colwellia psychrerythraea</i>, herein referred to as PhaCA and CpsCA, respectively, were investigated for their activation with a panel of 24 amino acids and amines. Both bacteria are considered Antarctic models for the investigation of photosynthetic and metabolic pathways in organisms adapted to live in cold seawater. PhaCA was much more sensitive to activation by these compounds compared to the genetically related enzyme CpsCA. The most effective PhaCA activators were d-Phe, l-/d-DOPA, l-Tyr and 2-pyridyl-methylamine, with the activation constant K<sub>A</sub> values of 0.72-3.27 µM. d-His, l-Trp, d-Tyr, histamine, dopamine, serotonin anddicarboxylic amino acids were also effective activators of PhaCA, with K<sub>A</sub> values of 6.48-9.85 µM. CpsCA was activated by d-Phe, d-DOPA, l-Trp, l-/d-Tyr, 4-amino-l-Phe, histamine, 2-pyridyl-methylamine and l-/d-Glu with K<sub>A</sub> values of 11.2-24.4 µM. The most effective CpsCA activator was l-DOPA (K<sub>A</sub> of 4.79 µM). Given that modulators of CAs from Antarctic bacteria have not been identified and investigated in detail for their metabolic roles to date, this research sheds some light on these poorly understood processes.
Multi-Octave GaN MMIC Circulator for Simultaneous Transmit Receive Applications (2018)

This paper presents a microwave implementation of the novel sequentially-switched delay line (SSDL) for simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) applications. The circuit is nonreciprocal and non-magnetic and is implemented in a high frequency GaN MMIC process. It isolates the transmit and receive paths. Measurements confirm the non-reciprocal nature of the circuit. The insertion loss is 5 - 8 dB with 20 - 35 dB isolation over DC-2 GHz.
Increased thromboinflammatory load in hereditary angioedema (2023)

C1 inhibitor (C1Inh) is a serine protease inhibitor involved in the kallikrein-kinin system, the complement system, the coagulation system, and the fibrinolytic system. In addition to the plasma leakage observed in hereditary angioedema (HAE), C1Inh deficiency may also affect these systems, which are important for thrombosis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to investigate the thromboinflammatory load in C1Inh deficiency. We measured 27 cytokines including interleukins, chemokines, interferons, growth factors, and regulators using multiplex technology. Complement activation (C4d, C3bc, and sC5b-C9/TCC), haemostatic markers (β-thromboglobulin (β-TG), thrombin-antithrombin complexes (TAT), prothrombin fragment 1 + 2 (F1 + 2), active plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), and the neutrophil activation marker myeloperoxidase (MPO) were measured by enzyme immunoassays. Plasma and serum samples were collected from 20 patients with HAE type 1 or 2 in clinical remission and compared with 20 healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Compared to healthy controls, HAE patients had significantly higher levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-12, and IL-17A, chemokine ligand (CXCL) 8, chemokine ligand (CCL) 3, CCL4, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 2 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB. HAE patients also had higher levels of TAT and F1 + 2. Although granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), β-TG and PAI-1 were higher in HAE patients, the differences did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple testing. In conclusion, C1Inh deficiency is associated with an increased baseline thromboinflammatory load. These findings may reflect that HAE patients are in a subclinical attack state outside of clinically apparent oedema attacks.
Three‐Dimensional Paper‐Based Model for Cardiac Ischemia (2014)

In vitro models of ischemia have not historically recapitulated the cellular interactions and gradients of molecules that occur in a 3D tissue. This work demonstrates a paper-based 3D culture system that mimics some of the interactions that occur among populations of cells in the heart during ischemia. Multiple layers of paper containing cells, suspended in hydrogels, are stacked to form a layered 3D model of a tissue. Mass transport of oxygen and glucose into this 3D system can be modulated to induce an ischemic environment in the bottom layers of the stack. This ischemic stress induces cardiomyocytes at the bottom of the stack to secrete chemokines which subsequently trigger fibroblasts residing in adjacent layers to migrate toward the ischemic region. This work demonstrates the usefulness of patterned, stacked paper for performing in vitro mechanistic studies of cellular motility and viability within a model of the laminar ventricle tissue of the heart.
DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) Using Human-Machine Teamwork to Perform Disaster Response with a Humanoid Robot (2017)

Abstract : This report presents an overview of the work done by Team Institute for Human and Machine Cognition (IHMC) from 2012-2016 through three phases of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Robotics Challenge (Virtual Robotics Challenge (VRC), Trials, and Finals), as well as an extended research phase. It gives an overview of their general workflow for producing state-of-the-art robotics software, as well as focusing on the challenges and techniques used to move beyond the environments and tasks encountered in the DARPA Robotics Challenge. Namely, increasing walking robustness and task autonomy in the Atlas robot. This report is broken down into the four phases of IHMCs participation in the DARPA Robotics Challenge: Phase 1, Virtual Robotics Challenge; Phase 2, Trials; Phase 3, Finals; and Phase 4, Extended Research. As competitor in the DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) the IHMC team was able to achieve second place in the final stage of the competition held in the summer of 2015. Previous to that the team was awarded first and second place in the two earlier stages of the competition: the VRC, and the DRC Trials.
Enhanced light‐extraction from a GaN waveguide using micro‐pillar TiO2SiO2 graded‐refractive‐index layers (2012)

Abstract A GaN waveguide structure with micro‐pillar arrays is designed and fabricated to measure the extraction of optical modes that would be waveguided in the absence of the pillars. Electroluminescence (EL) measurements of waveguide light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) with pillar diameters in the 2–10 µm range revealed increasing light‐extraction efficiency (LEE) enhancement with decreasing pillar diameter. Ray tracing simulations of LED far‐field patterns confirmed experimental trends. A 54% enhancement is demonstrated for GaN waveguides cladded with a triangular lattice of graded‐refractive‐index (GRIN) TiO 2 SiO 2 micro‐pillars of 2 µm diameters compared to GaN waveguides cladded with an unpatterned GRIN TiO 2 SiO 2 layer.
DEPLOYMENT OF MOBILE OPERATION CONTROL SYSTEMS WITH INFRARED BEACONS (2001)

The authors are promoting the construction of MOCS (Mobile Operation Control Systems) with infrared beacons as a part of measures against traffic accidents, traffic jam, and traffic pollution. MOCS enables to recognize the position of a vehicle by receiving the ID of an in-vehicle unit (fixed vehicle ID) with an infrared beacon on the road. In this paper, they introduce two kinds of systems. One is aimed at the traffic environmental improvement by conveyance route management of the refuse gathering vehicles. The other is aimed at bus operations on scheduled time by priority signal control for buses.
Effective medium properties and photonic crystal superstructures of metallic nanoparticle arrays (2007)

Using the finite-difference time-domain method we extract the effective optical constants of metallic nanoparticle arrays. We explore their behavior in the full range of filling fractions and find excellent agreement with the Maxwell-Garnett [Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London 203, 385 (1904)] effective medium theory for the effective dielectric constant. We also find that the resonance response of such systems exhibits an effective magnetic component, typically overlooked in standard effective medium theories. We verify that the description of these nanoarrays as an effective bulk medium is exact within numerical precision, at least in one-dimensional arrangements, by comparing with full simulations of more complex superlayer configurations. Finally, using the effective constants we study photonic crystal superstructures consisting of these arrays, demonstrating an interesting optical response where resonant absorption and reflection bands are separated by extremely sharp edges of almost 100% relative change per nanometer wavelength.
Gender-related differences of magnetic resonance T1 relaxation times of normal myocardium: the impact of blood correction (2013)

Poster: ECR 2013 / C-0460 / Gender-related differences of magnetic resonance T1 relaxation times of normal myocardium: the impact of blood correction by: G. Reiter1, U. Reiter1, K. Dorr1, A. Greiser2, R. Maderthaner1, M. Fuchsjaeger1; 1Graz/AT, 2Erlangen/DE
Machine learning assisted quantum super-resolution microscopy (2021)

A machine learning assisted framework significantly speeds up image acquisition in super-resolution microscopy based on photon antibunching. The technique is compatible with a CW excitation regime and applicable to a wide range of quantum emitters.
Control of Buffer-Induced Current Collapse in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Using SiNx Deposition (2017)

The stoichiometry of low-pressure chemical vapor deposition SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>x</i></sub> surface passivation is shown to change vertical conductivity at the top of the epitaxial stack in GaN-on-Si power high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). This changes the charge stored in the carbon-doped GaN layer during high-voltage operation, and allows direct control of buffer-related current collapse in HEMTs. Substrate bias ramps are used to identify the changes in C:GaN charge trapping and vertical leakage. Channel length dependence indicates a lateral conductivity in the C:GaN with a localized increase in vertical conductivity under the ohmic contacts. An optimum SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><i>x</i></sub> recipe is identified which simultaneously delivers low current collapse and low drain leakage.
A Tactile Sensor Network System Using a Multiple Sensor Platform with a Dedicated CMOS-LSI for Robot Applications (2017)

Robot tactile sensation can enhance human-robot communication in terms of safety, reliability and accuracy. The final goal of our project is to widely cover a robot body with a large number of tactile sensors, which has significant advantages such as accurate object recognition, high sensitivity and high redundancy. In this study, we developed a multi-sensor system with dedicated Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Large-Scale Integration (LSI) circuit chips (referred to as "sensor platform LSI") as a framework of a serial bus-based tactile sensor network system. The sensor platform LSI supports three types of sensors: an on-chip temperature sensor, off-chip capacitive and resistive tactile sensors, and communicates with a relay node via a bus line. The multi-sensor system was first constructed on a printed circuit board to evaluate basic functions of the sensor platform LSI, such as capacitance-to-digital and resistance-to-digital conversion. Then, two kinds of external sensors, nine sensors in total, were connected to two sensor platform LSIs, and temperature, capacitive and resistive sensing data were acquired simultaneously. Moreover, we fabricated flexible printed circuit cables to demonstrate the multi-sensor system with 15 sensor platform LSIs operating simultaneously, which showed a more realistic implementation in robots. In conclusion, the multi-sensor system with up to 15 sensor platform LSIs on a bus line supporting temperature, capacitive and resistive sensing was successfully demonstrated.
<title>Visual performance-based image enhancement methodology: an investigation of three Retinex algorithms</title> (2005)

While vast numbers of image enhancing algorithms have already been developed, the majority of these algorithms have not been assessed in terms of their visual performance-enhancing effects using militarily relevant scenarios. The goal of this research was to develop a visual performance-based assessment methodology and apply it to assess three Retinex algorithms. The image enhancing algorithms used in this study are the two algorithms described in Funt, Ciurea, and McCann as McCann99 Retinex and Frankle-McCann Retinex, and the multiscale Retinex with color restoration (MSRCR) algorithm. This paper discusses the methodology developed to acquire objective human visual performance data as a means of evaluating various image enhancement algorithms. The basic approach is to determine whether or not standard objective performance metrics, such as response time and error rate, are improved when viewing the enhanced images versus the baseline, non-enhanced images. Four observers completed a visual search task using a spatial-forced-choice paradigm. Observers had to search images for a target (a military vehicle) hidden among foliage and then indicate in which quadrant of the screen the target was located. Response time and percent correct were measured for each observer. Future directions and the viability of this technique are also discussed.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: G protein‐coupled receptors (2021)

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point-in-time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15538. G protein-coupled receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, catalytic receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid-2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC-IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
A new upper bound on the reliability function of the Gaussian channel (2000)

We derive a new upper bound on the exponent of error probability of decoding for the best possible codes in the Gaussian channel. This bound is tighter than the known upper bounds (the sphere-packing and minimum-distance bounds proved in Shannon's classical 1959 paper and their low-rate improvement by Kabatiansky and Levenshtein (1978)). The proof is accomplished by studying asymptotic properties of codes on the sphere S/sup n-1/(R). First we prove a general lower bound on the distance distribution of codes of large size. To derive specific estimates of the distance distribution, we study the asymptotic behavior of Jacobi polynomials P/sub k//sup ak, bk/ as k/spl rarr//spl infin/. Since on the average there are many code vectors in the vicinity of the transmitted vector x, one can show that the probability of confusing x and one of these vectors cannot be too small. This proves a lower bound on the error probability of decoding and the upper bound announced in the title.