gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The three-dimensional structure of an H-superfamily conotoxin reveals a granulin fold arising from a common ICK cysteine framework (2019)

Venomous marine cone snails produce peptide toxins (conotoxins) that bind ion channels and receptors with high specificity and therefore are important pharmacological tools. Conotoxins contain conserved cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds that stabilize their structures. To gain structural insight into the large, yet poorly characterized conotoxin H-superfamily, we used NMR and CD spectroscopy along with MS-based analyses to investigate H-Vc7.2 from Conus victoriae, a peptide with a VI/VII cysteine framework. This framework has Cys<sup>I</sup>-Cys<sup>IV</sup>/Cys<sup>II</sup>-Cys<sup>V</sup>/Cys<sup>III</sup>-Cys<sup>VI</sup> connectivities, which have invariably been associated with the inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) fold. However, the solution structure of recombinantly expressed and purified H-Vc7.2 revealed that although it displays the expected cysteine connectivities, H-Vc7.2 adopts a different fold consisting of two stacked -hairpins with opposing -strands connected by two parallel disulfide bonds, a structure homologous to the N-terminal region of the human granulin protein. Using structural comparisons, we subsequently identified several toxins and nontoxin proteins with this “mini-granulin” fold. These findings raise fundamental questions concerning sequence-structure relationships within peptides and proteins and the key determinants that specify a given fold.
A Subcircuit SPICE Model for SiC Charge-Balance Schottky Diodes (2020)

The electrical behavior of silicon carbide charge-balance (CB) Schottky/JBS diodes is examined. Based on the observed electrical characteristics, a subcircuit SPICE model for the experimental devices is proposed and validated against the data. The proposed model consists of a standard SPICE diode with custom parameters along with a network of discrete resistive and reactive subcircuit elements required to replicate the complex static and dynamic behavior of the experimental devices. With proper selection of component values, static, dynamic, and temperature-dependent device behavior are well modelled from room temperature to 150°C.
The use of multiparameter flow cytometry to assess tumor cell heterogeneity and grade prostate cancer (1984)

Multiparametric flow cytometry has permitted the quantitative assessment of tumor cell heterogeneity within a single tumor. This technique was applied to four tumor lines with biological activity similar to the variety observed in human prostate cancer. These tumors were derived from the Dunning R3327 transplantable rat prostatic adenocarcinoma and have permitted the development of an index to assess, quantitate, and discriminate variation in the aggressive nature of these tumors. The index is based upon measurements of the mean and the variance for perpendicular light scatter and forward light scatter. Perpendicular light scatter has been shown to correlate with nuclear shape, volume, and roundness as measured by digitized image analysis. Forward light scatter increases in quantity and range as the tumors become more undifferentiated. This technique is rapid, reproducible, and applicable to the quantitative measurement of cytometric parameters on large numbers of individual tumor cells.
Silyl‐Substituted Tetrathia[7]helicenes: Synthesis, X‐ray Characterization and Reactivity (2007)

Abstract We describe the synthesis of trialkylsilyl‐substituted trans ‐1,2‐bis(thieno[3,2‐ e ]benzothiophene‐2‐yl)ethenes as suitable soluble precursors for the preparation of the corresponding silylated tetrathia[7]helicenes, which, in turn, can be desilylated or transformed into dihalogen‐substituted derivatives through electrophilic substitution of silyl substituents. X‐ray structural studies showed that the presence of the two triisopropylsilyl groups on the terminal thiophene rings accounts for the high solubility of the alkene and for the very large dihedral angle in the helicene. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Inside Cover (2021)

Abstract Air pressure‐driven movements of the eardrum were captured with a handheld probe‐based OCT system. The pneumaticdriven stiffness and time lag were compared between the normal ear and the ear with a middle ear infection. Further details can be found in the article by Jungeun Won, Ryan G. Porter, Michael A. Novak, Jon Youakim, Ada Sum, Ronit Barkalifa, Edita Aksamitiene, Anqi Zhang, Ryan M. Nolan, Ryan L. Shelton, and Stephen A. Boppart ( e202000215 ). image
Genomic detection of new yeast pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing signals (1999)

To investigate Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3'-end-processing signals, a set of 1352 unique pre-mRNA 3'-end-processing sites, corresponding to 861 different genes, was identified by alignment of expressed sequence tag sequences with the complete yeast genome. Nucleotide word frequencies in the vicinity of the cleavage sites were analyzed to reveal the signal element features. In addition to previously recognized processing signals, two previously uncharacterized components of the 3'-end-processing signal sequence were discovered, specifically a predominance of U-rich sequences located on either side of the cleavage site. One of these, the downstream U-rich signal, provides a further link between the 3'-end-processing mechanisms of yeast and higher eukaryotes. Analysis of the complete set of 3'-end-processing sites by means of a discrimination function supports a 'contextual' model in which the sum total effectiveness of the signals in all four elements determines whether or not processing occurs.
FSO as backhaul and energizer for drone-assisted mobile access networks (2020)

Drone mounted base stations (DBSs) can be flexibly deployed over some areas (such as hotspots and disaster struck areas) to speed up the communication between terrestrial base stations (TBSs) and users. In order to increase the capacity of the backhaul link between a DBS and its TBS, free space optical (FSO) communications is applied as the backhaul solution. However, the DBS and its TBS should be in line-of-sight (LoS). Thus, a new DBS placement method is introduced to maximize the number of served users while guaranteeing the LoS between the DBS and its TBS. In addition, in order to prolong the hovering time of a DBS, we propose to deploy an optical beam to facilitate simultaneous communications and charging. That is, an optical beam transmitted from a TBS to its DBS carries not only data but also energy. The DBS mounted with a solar panel and an FSO receiver receives both the data and energy carried by the optical beam simultaneously. Numerical results demonstrate that using an optical beam to charge and communicate with a DBS can gain 25% extra hovering time of the DBS and achieve high network throughput.
Electrically-programmable diffraction grating (2023)

An electrically-programmable diffraction grating. The programmable grating includes a substrate having a plurality of electrodes formed thereon and a moveable grating element above each of the electrodes. The grating elements are electrostatically programmable to form a diffraction grating for diffracting an incident beam of light as it is reflected from the upper surfaces of the grating elements. The programmable diffraction grating, formed by a micromachining process, has applications for optical information processing (e.g. optical correlators and computers), for multiplexing and demultiplexing a plurality of light beams of different wavelengths (e.g. for optical fiber communications), and for forming spectrometers (e.g. correlation and scanning spectrometers).
Multicenter evaluation of a new recombinant enzyme immunoassay for the combined detection of antibody to HIV-1 and HIV-2 (1990)

A newly developed recombinant antigen-based anti-HIV-1/HIV-2 enzyme immunoassay (Abbott Recombinant HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA) was evaluated against a second generation anti-HIV-1 EIA (Abbott Recombinant HIV-1 EIA). Five thousand and twenty-nine sera from European blood donors and 403 sera from central African blood donors were used in the evaluation, along with four panels and one cohort. The panels included 99 'problem' sera, 733 sera with antibodies to HIV-1 from asymptomatic people and from patients at different disease stages, 25 serial bleeds from five plasmapheresis donors seroconverting for antibodies to HIV-1, and 202 sera with antibodies to HIV-2 collected from healthy and diseased people of European or west African origin. In addition, 734 sera collected from a west African cohort were tested. Using Western blot as the reference standard, the specificity obtained by the recombinant anti-HIV-1 EIA (HIV-i EIA) was 99.90% [99.81-99.99%; 95% confidence limits (95% CL)] with European blood donor sera; 99.50% (98.78-100%) with Central Africa blood donor sera; 92.93% (87.78-98.08%) with 'problem' sera and 99.43% (98.87-100%) with sera from a west African cohort. Using the same samples, the recombinant anti-HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA (HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA) yielded a specificity of 99.84% (99.73-99.95%), 99.50% (98.78-100%), 95.96% (92.00-99.92%) and 98.58% (97.69-99.47%), respectively. All 776 Western blot-confirmed anti-HIV-1 sera were reactive in both EIAs, and the EIA-reactive samples from seroconverting plasma donors were always observed for both assays in the same serial bleed. For HIV-2, the HIV-1 EIA yielded an overall sensitivity of 75.83% (69.93-81.72%) compared with 99.53% (98.58-100%) for HIV-1/HIV-2 EIA. The addition of a recombinant env-protein of HIV-2 to the recombinant env and core proteins of HIV-1 on the solid phase of HIV-1 EIA improved the detection of anti-HIV-2 while preserving the assay's overall specificity and sensitivity for the detection of anti-HIV-1.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Anxiolytic Agents. Part 3. Novel A‐Ring Modified Pyrido[1,2‐a]benzimidazoles. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of New 2,2′‐Bipyridine‐Bridged Bis[ruthenium(II)tris‐2,2′‐bipyridine] Complexes (1997)

Abstract We have synthesized a new type of tris‐2,2'‐bipyridine ligand with 4,4'‐ and 6,6'‐disubstituted 2,2'‐bipyridine (bpy) units. The terminal 4,4'‐and 6,6'‐disubstituted 2,2'‐bipyridine moieties are selectively coordinated by Ru(bpy) 2 (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine), whereas the central 2,2′‐bipyridine ligand does not participate in any metal ion coordination. The two Ru(bpy) 3 units of 7 and 8 do not interact appreciably, as is evident from their electrochemical and photophysical data. The lifetime of the excited state of compound 7 at 77 K is similar to that of Ru(bpy) 2 (4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine), whereas that of compound 8 under the same conditions is comparatively long.
Effects of 6 Months Endurance Training on Quality of Life and Work Ability (2018)

PURPOSE: In this prospective, randomized controlled study we assessed effects of moderate-intense supervised endurance training on quality of life and work ability in middle- aged sedentary women. METHODS: We randomized 291 healthy, non-smoking sedentary women (45-65 years) to a 6 months endurance training (EG, 210 min/week) or a wait- list-control (CG, no change of inactive life-style). At baseline and 6-month follow-up we assessed peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, Work Ability Index (WAI) and quality of life (SF36), both by questionnaires. The metabolic syndrome score (MSS) was calculated using the siMS score. RESULTS: At baseline, groups were well matched for anthropometric and cardiovascular parameters. Adherence to endurance training was 207±17 min/ week (98±5%). After intervention, the exercise group improved significantly compared to controls in VO2peak (mean difference: 2.11 ml/min/kg, CI [1.41;2.79], p<0.001) and MSS (mean difference: 0.11 points, CI [0.053;0.175], p<0.001). VO2peak and WAI changes correlated significantly (R=0.201; p=0.002). SF36 improved significantly in the EG compared to the CG for the subscales “Physical Role Functioning” (EG: baseline 83.7±26.5, follow-up 88.1±25.2, CG: 92.4±19.4, 89.7±22.1 respectively; p=0.016), “General Health Perceptions” (EG: baseline 69.3±14.8, 73.6±14.3, CG: 72.5±13.6, 71.8±14.3; p=0.002) and the “Sum Scale Physical” (EG: baseline 50.8±6.5, 52.2±6.3, CG: 52.7±5.7, 52.3±6.4; p=0.040) after exercise training. WAI changed significantly in the EG compared to the CG for “Work Ability In Relation To Demands” (EG: baseline 7.8±1.3, 8.2±1.2, CG: 8.2±1.3, 8.1±1.3, p=0.003), “Number of Current Diseases” (EG: baseline 2.2±1.7, 1.9±1.6, CG: 2.1±1.7, 2.2±1.9, p=0.014) and total score of WAI (EG: baseline 38.3±5.0, 39.8±4.9, CG: 39.4±4.7, 39.3±4.9, p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results show that a moderate personalized 6-month endurance training in middle-aged previously sedentary women improved established parameters of cardiovascular function, prevented metabolic syndrome progression, work ability and quality of life.
Preparation of 2S-Dioxo Isosters of N-Methylated Isoguanines (1981)

Preparatmn of 7-imlno-3.6-dimethylimidazo12.3-c] -1,2,6thiadiazine 5, 5-dmxlde which involves formylation of the corresponding furazano 13.4-c] thladiazme derivative, reductive cleavage of the furazan moiety and subsequent cyclizatlon to the lmidazole ring i s described.F o r the synthesis of 1-methyl-and 3-methyl-7-amino-4H-imidazo [2,3-c]-1.2.6thiadiazine 5.5-dioxide, the correspond~ng 4-henzyl-lmidazo [2, 3-c] thladiazine was prepared and rnethylated to p e a mixture of the 4-benzyl-1-methyl and 4-benzyl-3-methyl isomers whlch were finally dehenzylated by catalytic hydrogenation.The structures of the newly synthesized compounds a r e discussed on the basis of their spectroscopic data.Continuing with our studies on the 2s-dioxo i s o s t e r s of purines1" and pyrimidines 3
Compression of Higher Dimensional Functions Containing Smooth Discontinuities (2004)

Discontinuities in data often represent the key information of interest. Efficient representations for such discontinuities are important for many signal processing applications, including compression, but standard Fourier and wavelet representations fail to efficiently capture the structure of the discontinuities. These issues have been most notable in image processing, where progress has been made on modeling and representing one-dimensional edge discontinuities along C 2 curves. Little work, however, has been done on efficient representations for higher dimensional functions or on handling higher orders of smoothness in discontinuities. In this paper, we consider the class of N-dimensional Horizon functions containing a C K smooth singularity in N − 1 dimensions, which serves as a manifold boundary between two constant regions; we first derive the optimal rate-distortion function for this class. We then introduce the surflet representation for approximation and compression of Horizon-class functions. Surflets enable a multiscale, piecewise polynomial approximation of the discontinuity. We propose a compression algorithm using surflets that achieves the optimal asymptotic rate-distortion performance for this function class. Equally important, the algorithm can be implemented using knowledge of only the N-dimensional function, without explicitly estimating the (N −1)-dimensional discontinuity.
P‐178: Rigid Indolocarbazole as New Donor Moiety for Highly Efficient Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent (TADF) Device (2020)

We present a study of two thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters based upon a new rigid donor moiety, namely, triphenyl‐substituted Indolocarbazole (TPDICz). The reported TADF emitters 5‐(2,12‐di‐tert‐butyl‐5,9‐dioxa‐13b‐boranaphtho[3,2,1‐de]anthracen‐7‐yl)‐6,11,12‐ triphenyl‐5,11‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (TDBA‐TPDICz) and 5‐(4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐6,11,12‐triphenyl‐5,11‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐b]carbazole (TRZ‐TPDICz) were synthesized and studied the device properties. These materials exhibited large steric hindrance and dihedral angle between donor and acceptor compared to the parent analog material (TRZ‐pIC) due to the presence of 6,12‐phenyl substitutions. The TADF device fabricated with TDBA‐TPDICz showed a deep blue color with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 16.9%. Meanwhile, the TRZ‐TPDICz emitter achieved a maximum EQE of 30.3% at green color.
High-accuracy differential measurement of ultrasonic velocity in liquids (1979)

An improved technique for measuring very accurately the difference in sound velocity between two liquids is described. The technique, which can be used over a frequency range from 1 to 100 MHz, uses a differential cell that is completely submerged in a thermostatically controlled fluid and a phase-sensitive detection scheme accurate to 2x10(-4) signal periods. Measurements of the velocity difference between water and dilute NaCl solutions (3x10(-5) to 6.6x10(-4) M), accurate to +/-0.02 cm s(-1) (relative accuracy 1 part in 10(7)), are presented.
Multi-Objective Lazy Ant Colony Optimization for Frequency Selective Surface Design (2018)

Recently, 3D Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) designs have become popular due to their enhanced performance at oblique incidence angles as compared to planar designs. While planar FSS design has been successfully performed using discrete nature-inspired evolutionary optimization algorithms such as the Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), these algorithms are not suited for the problem of 3D FSS design, due to the generation of non-contiguous structures, making manufacturing difficult. One alternative to these algorithms is the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) technique, which guarantees contiguous segments are generated. However, traditional ACO methods require meanders to continue until they are trapped, potentially generating a PEC unit cell. In this paper, a Multi-Objective Lazy Ant Colony Optimization (MOLACO) algorithm will be applied to the problem of FSS design. The introduction of lazy ants allows exploration of solutions previously inaccessible by traditional implementations of ACO. Simulated results will show that it is well suited to the problem of 3D FSS design.
Soot Formation Characteristics of DME Jet Diffusion Flame (2007)

Experimental study of soot formation in DME jet diffusion flame was performed under various surrounding temperature and oxygen conditions. Amount of soot in the flame was measured by the transmitted light attenuation method, and was compared with that of the methane diffusion flame under the same surrounding conditions. The results showed that maximum soot concentration appeared in a given temperature and oxygen concentration, i. e. more than 1000K and O2=10-13%, while DME is known as a soot free fuel. The oxygen concentration to give maximum soot concentration shifts to lower oxygen concentration with increase in surrounding air temperature. The range of surrounding oxygen concentration for soot formation with DME shifts toward lower oxygen concentration in comparison with methane combustion. These facts are elucidated by the appearance of maximum soot concentration at a balanced condition of soot formation and soot oxidation, which strongly depends on the surrounding temperature and type of fuel.
Blocking TGFβvia Inhibition of theαvβ6 Integrin: A Possible Therapy for Systemic Sclerosis Interstitial Lung Disease (2011)

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a commonly encountered complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) and accounts for a significant proportion of SSc-associated morbidity and mortality. Its pathogenesis remains poorly understood, and therapies that treat SSc ILD are suboptimal, at best. SSc ILD pathogenesis may share some common mechanisms with other fibrotic lung diseases, in which dysregulation of lung epithelium can contribute to pathologic fibrosis via recruitment or in situ generation and activation of fibroblasts. TGFβ, a master regulator of fibrosis, is tightly regulated in the lung by the integrin αvβ6, which is expressed at low levels on healthy alveolar epithelial cells but is highly induced in the setting of lung injury or fibrosis. Here we discuss the biology of αvβ6 and present this integrin as a potentially attractive target for inhibition in the setting of SSc ILD.
An Intensive Primary-Literature–based Teaching Program Directly Benefits Undergraduate Science Majors and Facilitates Their Transition to Doctoral Programs (2006)

UCLA's Howard Hughes Undergraduate Research Program (HHURP), a collaboration between the College of Letters and Science and the School of Medicine, trains a group of highly motivated undergraduates through mentored research enhanced by a rigorous seminar course. The course is centered on the presentation and critical analysis of scientific journal articles as well as the students' own research. This article describes the components and objectives of the HHURP and discusses the results of three program assessments: annual student evaluations, interviews with UCLA professors who served as research advisors for HHURP scholars, and a survey of program alumni. Students indicate that the program increased their ability to read and present primary scientific research and to present their own research and enhanced their research experience at UCLA. After graduating, they find their involvement in the HHURP helped them in securing admission to the graduate program of their choice and provided them with an advantage over their peers in the interactive seminars that are the foundation of graduate education. On the basis of the assessment of the program from 1998-1999 to 2004-2005, we conclude that an intensive literature-based training program increases student confidence and scientific literacy during their undergraduate years and facilitates their transition to postgraduate study.
A New Spatially Rearranged Bundle of Mixed Carbon Nanotubes as VLSI Interconnection (2011)

Scaling of device dimensions down to nanometer range helps achieve unprecedented switching speed and multifunctional processing capabilities of nanoelectronic circuits and systems. However, interconnect constraints in the existing and emerging applications are expected to become the primary bottlenecks unless radical change is introduced in the design and technology of on-chip signal communication medium. In response to this demand, various novel and innovative interconnect solutions like carbon nanotube (CNT) are currently being explored as alternatives to metal wires. This paper proposes a unique structure of mixed CNT bundle with a specific arrangement of single-wall and multi-wall CNTs in the bundle. A comprehensive modeling and analysis of the conductance, inductance, and capacitance of the proposed mixed CNT bundle reveals that there will be no significant decrease in the overall conductance of the bundle, but the structural arrangement clearly reduces capacitive crosstalk between neighboring signal lines. Inductive crosstalk is seen to remain unchanged.
Interface state density measurements in gated p-i-n silicon nanowires as a function of the nanowire diameter (2010)

Gate-all-around p-i-n silicon nanowires (NW) diodes with effective nanowire diameter from 15 nm down to 4 nm (±1.3 nm) were fabricated to enable interface state density (Nιι) measurements using the charge pumping (CP) method. The Nη of the NWs was also measured by the conductance method and was in good agreement with the CP method. The linear relation between the CP current and the pulse frequency was not maintained in the smallest diameter NWs. The dependency on the pulse rise and fall times was also investigated and is correlated to the lifetime of the traps. The impact of the cylindrical geometry on the measured CP current is discussed.