gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Work In Progress &#8211; Project ClockIt: Profiling and Improving Student Software Development Practices (2006)

Achieving quality and schedule targets continue to be serious problems in the software industry. This "software crisis" is not new, and is not helped by the fact that new computer science/engineering graduates often have little experience with schedule estimation. Poor development habits acquired early on are not always corrected by the one or two software engineering courses commonly taught in upper level courses. We are developing ClockIt, a tool and supporting methodology that seek to improve student software development practices starting with introductory courses. As an extension or plug-in to an existing integrated development environment (IDE) ClockIt is being designed to monitor and log student development activities. It will also allow estimation of student effort by project or component, and provide reports and visualizations of student "development profiles." We believe that analysis and presentation of development profiles will provide instructors useful visual and quantitative support for teaching sound development practices. The same information will also provide students with immediate feedback with little conceptual overhead.
Crystal Structure and Electrical/thermal Transport Properties of Li1-xSn2+xP2 and Its Performance as a Li-Ion Battery Anode Material (2021)

A new ternary layered pnictide, Li1-xSn2+xP2, was synthesized by a solid-state reaction and its properties were examined to explore its potential as a multifunctional material. The compound crystallizes in a layered structure in the R-3m space group with buckled honeycomb Sn-P layers separated by mixed-occupation Li/Sn layers. Crystal structure analysis using synchrotron X-ray diffraction showed that the substitution degree of Li by Sn (x) is approximately 0.3. Local ordering of Li/Sn occupation was demonstrated using 31P nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. The lattice thermal conductivity of Li1-xSn2+xP2 was found to be relatively low (1.2 Wm−1K−1 at 525 K). The room-temperature electrical resistivity of Li1-xSn2+xP2 was found to be 0.3-0.4 mohm cm and metallic conductivity was observed down to 0.5 K. First-principles calculations demonstrated that the electronic structure and Fermi energy of Li1-xSn2+xP2 are significantly dependent upon x. Electrochemical measurements using a single-particle technique demonstrated the activity of Li1-xSn2+xP2 as an anode material for rechargeable Li-ion batteries.
Genetic and physiologic analysis of a formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase mutant of Streptococcus mutans (1997)

Previously we reported that transposon Tn917 mutagenesis of Streptococcus mutans JH1005 yielded an isolate detective in its normal ability to produce a mutacin (P. J. Crowley, J. D. Hillman, and A. S. Bleiweis, abstr. D55, p. 258 in Abstracts of the 95th General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1995, 1995). In this report we describe the recovery of the mutated gene by shotgun cloning. Sequence analysis of insert DNA adjacent to Tn917 revealed homology to the gene encoding formyl-tetrahydrofolate synthetase (Fhs) from both prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources. In many bacteria, Fhs catalyzes the formation of 10-formyl-tetrahydrofolate, which is used directly in purine biosynthesis and formylation of Met-tRNA and indirectly in the biosynthesis of methionine, serine, glycine, and thymine. Analysis of the fhs mutant grown anaerobically in a minimal medium demonstrated that the mutant had an absolute dependency only for adenine, although addition of methionine was necessary for normal growth. Coincidently it was discovered that the mutant was sensitive to acidic pH; it grew more slowly than the parent strain on complex medium at pH 5. Complementation of the mutant with an integration vector harboring a copy of fhs restored its ability to grow in minimal medium and at acidic pH as well as to produce mutacin. This represents the first characterization of Fhs in Streptococcus.
Corrosion resistance of inconel 690 to sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, and sodium meta silicate at 900 and 1100{degrees}C (1997)

Corrosive attack of Inconel 690 coupons was not observed following 3 day exposure tests to calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, and sodium meta silicate at 900 {degrees}C. However, melt line attack was evident on coupons exposed to sodium meta silicate and sodium carbonate tested for 3 days at 1100 {degrees}C. In addition, intergranular attack (IGA), approximately 0.67 mils/day, was observed on the Inconel 690 coupon exposed to calcium carbonate at 1100 {degrees}C. Calcium carbonate did not completely remove the glass coating at 950 {degrees}C. In fact, it was comparable to the results obtained by exposing a glass coated coupon at 950 {degrees}C in air. Therefore, calcium carbonate is not recommended for cleaning the DWPF melter pour spout. Both sodium carbonate and sodium meta silicate appear to remove most of the glass. However, these cleaning agents will remain on the metal surface following exposure at 950 {degrees}C resulting in very rough surface and a potential for corrosive attack when heated to 1100 {degrees}C.
A New Diagnostic System in Cancer Research: Bioluminescent Imaging (BLI) (2005)

Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) is particularly well suited for imaging small animals, and it can be readily used by scientists who are already routinely using the luciferase gene as a reporter in cell-based assays. This strategy relies on ATP and an O2 dependent photochemical reaction between luciferin and luciferase, resulting in the release of photons from only live cells. In BLI, the intensity of the light detected by the device is proportional to the intensity of light emitted and the relationship is quantitative. This study was performed to determine the sensitivity of BLI for the imaging of lung metastasis and breast cancer models in addition to primary flank tumors. A549 lung cancer and MDA-MB 231 breast cancer cell lines were transfected with a lentiviral construct containing the luciferase gene and transfected cells were used as xenograft animal models. BLI was used to monitor tumor development and growth. Noninvasive bioluminescent imaging in vivo provides easy visualization of the tumor size and location so that imaging results can be used as an indicator of the treatment effectiveness, potentially accelerating the optimization of cancer treatment protocols.
Force Feedback in a Three-Dimensional Ultrasound-Guided Surgical Task (2006)

Three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) is a novel imaging modality that allows real-time visualization of internal body structures such as the heart, even through visually opaque blood and tissue. The real-time nature of 3D US allows minimally invasive manipulations to be carried out without an endoscopic camera. The quality of the images is not ideal, however, other senses might be used to augment a surgeon’s performance in a 3D US-guided procedure. We investigated the combination of haptics under 3D US in a force control task. Results suggest that stiffness of the tissue plays a significant role as to the relative importance of vision versus haptics in this type of task.
NEPHRON SPARING SURGERY FOR RENAL TUMORS: INDICATIONS, TECHNIQUES AND OUTCOMES (2001)

Nephron sparing surgery provides effective therapy for patients in whom preservation of renal function is a relevant clinical consideration. The importance of meticulous operative technique for achieving acceptable oncological and functional outcomes is emphasized. Accumulating data in appropriately select patients suggest a long-term functional advantage gained by the maximal preservation of unaffected renal parenchyma without sacrificing cancer control.
Development of a post-synthetic method for tuning the Al content of OSDA-free Beta as a catalyst for conversion of methanol to olefins (2015)

Post-synthetic modification was performed upon an Al-rich OSDA-free Beta to obtain high-silica Beta catalysts for MTO reaction, achieving a high selectivity to light olefins and long catalyst life.
Copper‐Incorporated Porous Polydivinylbenzene as Efficient and Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst in Ullmann Biaryl Ether Coupling (2013)

Abstract The preparation of efficient and stable heterogeneous catalyst is very important for organic transformations. Herein, we report a copper‐incorporated porous, Schiff base‐modified polydivinylbenzene (PDVB‐SB‐Cu) as an excellent heterogeneous catalyst in promoting Ullmann biaryl ether coupling reactions. PDVB‐SB‐Cu was synthesized by incorporating copper species into PDVB‐SB. Combined characterizations by using 13 C NMR, IR, XPS, N 2 adsorption, and TEM indicated the synthesis of copper–Schiff base species on porous PDVB. Catalytic tests in the Ullmann biaryl ether coupling of iodobenzene and phenol indicated that the PDVB‐SB‐Cu catalyst gave high activity similar to that of the homogeneous Schiff base‐stabilized copper catalyst. This good reactivity was likely due to the polymer‐based porous materials, which provided more effective interactions between substrates and catalytic centers. Importantly, PDVB‐SB‐Cu has extraordinary recyclability. The advantages of high activities and good recyclability made the PDVB‐SB‐Cu catalyst a new class of solid‐support transition metal catalysts for fine chemical preparation.
Proteomics Analysis of Tears and Saliva From Sjogren’s Syndrome Patients (2021)

Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is characterized by dysfunctional mucous membranes and dysregulated moisture-secreting glands resulting in various symptoms, including dry mouth and dry eyes. Here, we wanted to profile and compare the tear and saliva proteomes of SS patients to healthy controls. Tear and saliva samples were collected and subjected to an isotopic dimethylation labeling shotgun proteomics workflow to identify alterations in protein levels. In tear samples, we identified 83 upregulated and 112 downregulated proteins. Pathway enrichment analysis of the changing proteins by Metascape identified leukocyte transendothelial migration, neutrophil degranulation, and post-translation protein phosphorylation in tears of SS patients. In healthy controls' tears, an enrichment for proteins related to glycolysis, amino acid metabolism and apoptotic signaling pathway were identified. In saliva, we identified 108 upregulated and 45 downregulated proteins. Altered pathways in SS patients' saliva included cornification, sensory perception to taste and neutrophil degranulation. In healthy controls' saliva, an enrichment for proteins related to JAK-STAT signaling after interleukin-12 stimulation, phagocytosis and glycolysis in senescence were identified. Dysregulated protease activity is implicated in the initiation of inflammation and immune cell recruitment in SS. We identified 20 proteases and protease inhibitors in tears and 18 in saliva which are differentially expressed between SS patients and healthy controls. Next, we quantified endogenous proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), a mucin-like glycoprotein, in tear wash and saliva samples via a bead-based immune assay. We identified decreased levels of PRG4 in SS patients' tear wash compared to normal samples. Conversely, in saliva, we found elevated levels of PRG4 concentration and visualized PRG4 expression in human parotid gland <i>via</i> immunohistological staining. These findings will improve our mechanistic understanding of the disease and changes in SS patients' protein expression will help identify new potential drug targets. PRG4 is among the promising targets, which we identified here, in saliva, for the first time.
Effective mass suppression upon complete spin-polarization in an isotropic two-dimensional electron system (2009)

We measure the effective mass $({m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}})$ of interacting two-dimensional electrons confined to a 4.5-nm-wide AlAs quantum well. The electrons in this well occupy a single out-of-plane conduction-band valley with an isotropic in-plane Fermi contour. When the electrons are partially spin polarized, ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ is larger than its band value and increases as the density is reduced. However, as the system is driven to full spin-polarization via the application of a strong parallel magnetic field, ${m}^{\ensuremath{\ast}}$ is suppressed down to values near or even below the band mass. Our results are consistent with the previously reported measurements on wide AlAs quantum wells where the electrons occupy an in-plane valley with an anisotropic Fermi contour and effective mass, and suggest that the effective mass suppression upon complete spin-polarization is a genuine property of interacting two-dimensional electrons.
INCREASED TREG STABILITY UPON GRAFT TOLERANCE INDUCTION IN LYMPHOPENIC HOSTS (2010)

1Department Of Surgery, The Transplant Institute, Boston/MA/UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2Department Of Surgery, The Transplant Institute, 5491/UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry: Application to GaAs-AlGaAs multilayer homogeneity characterization (1988)

Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry has been applied to a GaAs-AlGaAs multilayer structure to obtain a three-dimensional characterization using repetitive measurements at several spots on the same sample. The reproducibility of the layer thickness measurements is of order 10 Å, while the lateral dimension is limited by beam diameter, presently of order 1 mm. Thus, the three-dimensional result mainly gives the sample homogeneity. In the present case we used three spots to scan the homogeneity over 1 in. of a wafer, which had molecular-beam epitaxially grown layers. The thickness of the AlGaAs, GaAs, and oxide layers and the Al concentration x varied by 1% or less from edge to edge. This result was confirmed by two methods of data analysis. No evidence of an interfacial layer was observed on top of the AlGaAs.
Antenna Selection in MIMO Systems (2018)

Multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which employ multiple transmit and receive antenna elements, substantially improve the data rates that can be transmitted over the channel and the reliability with which they can be received without any additional bandwidth. Orthogonal space–time block codes and space–time trellis codes are examples of diversity techniques tailored to MIMO systems. While MIMO systems perform impressively, they also increase the hardware and signal processing complexity, power consumption, and component size in the transmitter and the receiver. Antenna selection is a solution that addresses some of the complexity drawbacks associated with MIMO systems. The chapter explains various aspects of antenna selection in some depth, and assumes basic knowledge about the operation of MIMO systems. Space–time trellis codes are designed to exploit the spatial diversity present in MIMO systems. Antenna selection is a promising low-complexity solution that solves the pressing problem of the increased hardware and signal processing complexity of MIMO systems.
AS ecure Plan (1999)

Active Networks promise greater flexibility than current net- works, but threaten safety and security by virtue of their programma- bility. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a security architecture for the active network PLANet (HMA+99). Se- curity is obtained with a two-level architecture that combines a func- tionally restricted packet language, PLAN (HKM+98), with an envi- ronment of general-purpose service routines governed by trust manage- ment (BFL96). In particular, we employ a technique which expands or contracts a packet's service environment based on its level of privilege, termed namespace-based security. As an application of our security archi- tecture, we outline the design and implementation of an active-network firewall. We find that the addition of the firewall imposes an approxi- mately 34% latency overhead and as little as a 6.7% space overhead to incoming packets.
Controlling Glyphosate-Resistant Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton with Resistance to Glyphosate, 2,4-D, and Glufosinate (2014)

Field experiments were conducted in Macon County, Georgia, during 2010 and 2011 to determine the impact of new herbicide-resistant cotton and respective herbicide systems on the control of glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. Sequential POST applications of 2,4-D or glufosinate followed by diuron plus MSMA directed at layby (late POST-directed) controlled Palmer amaranth 62 to 79% and 46 to 49% at harvest when the initial application was made to 8- or 18–cm-tall Palmer amaranth, in separate trials, respectively. Mixtures of glufosinate plus 2,4-D applied sequentially followed by the layby controlled Palmer amaranth 95 to 97% regardless of Palmer amaranth height. Mixing glyphosate with 2,4-D improved control beyond that observed with 2,4-D alone, but control was still only 79 to 86% at harvest depending on 2,4-D rate. Sequential applications of glyphosate plus 2,4-D controlled Palmer amaranth 95 to 96% following the use of either pendimethalin or fomesafen. Seed cotton yield was at least 30% higher with 2,4-D plus glufosinate systems compared to systems with either herbicide alone. The addition of pendimethalin and/or fomesafen PRE did not improve Palmer amaranth control or yields when glufosinate plus 2,4-D were applied sequentially followed by the layby. The addition of these residual herbicides improved at harvest control (87 to 96%) when followed by sequential applications of 2,4-D or 2,4-D plus glyphosate; yields from these systems were similar to those with glufosinate plus 2,4-D. Comparison of 2,4-D and 2,4-DB treatments confirmed that 2,4-D is a more effective option for the control of Palmer amaranth. Results from these experiments suggest cotton with resistance to glufosinate, glyphosate, and 2,4-D will improve Palmer amaranth management. At-plant residual herbicides should be recommended for consistent performance of all 2,4-D systems across environments, although cotton with resistance to glyphosate, glufosinate, and 2,4-D will allow greater flexibility in selecting PRE herbicide(s), which should reduce input costs, carryover concerns, and crop injury when compared to current systems.
Epsilon-Near-Zero Photonic Wires (2016)

We experimentally demonstrate epsilon-near-zero “photonic wires” supporting optical modes with effective wavelengths 10 times larger than the light’s free space wavelength and improved propagation lengths. Design, fabrication, and characterization of the wires will be discussed.
Ionic Liquid-Containing Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Graphene Oxide-Based Surfactants (2018)

Emulsions stabilized by particles (i.e., Pickering emulsions) are complementary to those stabilized by small molecules or polymers and most commonly consist of oil droplets dispersed in a continuous water phase, with particles assembled at the fluid-fluid interface. New particle surfactants and different fluid-fluid interfaces are critical for developing next-generation systems for a number of advanced applications. Herein we report the preparation of IL-containing emulsions stabilized by graphene oxide (GO)-based nanoparticles using the IL [Bmim][PF<sub>6</sub>]: GO nanosheets stabilize IL-in-water emulsions, and alkylated GO nanosheets (C<sub>18</sub>-GO) stabilize IL-in-oil emulsions. The impact of particle concentration, fluid-fluid ratio, and addition of acid or base on emulsion formation and stability is studied, with distinct effects for the water and oil systems observed. We then illustrate the broad applicability of GO-based particle surfactants by preparing emulsions with different ILs and preparing inverted emulsions (water-in-IL and oil-in-IL emulsions). The latter systems were accessed by tuning the polarity of GO nanosheets by functionalization with a perfluorinated alkyl chain such that they were dispersible in IL. This work provides insight into the preparation of different IL-containing emulsions and lays a foundation for the architecture of dissimilar materials into composite systems.
In-field overlay uncertainty contributors: a back end study (2006)

In this publication, the contributors to in-field overlay metrology uncertainty have been parsed and quantified on a back end process and compared with results from a previous front end study<sup>1</sup>. Particular focus is placed on the unmodeled systematics, i.e. the components which contribute to residuals in a linear model after removal of random errors. These are the contributors which are often the most challenging to quantify and are suspected to be significant in the model residuals. The results show that in both back and front end processes, the unmodeled systematics are the dominant residual contributor, accounting for 60 to 70% of the variance, even when subsequent exposures are on the same scanner. A higher order overlay model analysis demonstrates that this element of the residuals can be further dissected into correctible and non-correctible high order systematics. A preliminary sampling analysis demonstrates a major opportunity to improve the accuracy of lot dispositioning parameters by transitioning to denser sample plans compared with standard practices. Field stability is defined as a metric to quantify the field to field variability of the intrafield correctibles.
Epoxy Vitrimer Materials by Lipase-Catalyzed Network Formation and Exchange Reactions (2023)

The preparation and reprocessing of an epoxy vitrimer material is performed in a fully biocatalyzed process wherein network formation and exchange reactions are promoted by a lipase enzyme. Binary phase diagrams are introduced to select suitable diacid/diepoxide monomer compositions overcoming the limitations (phase separation/sedimentation) imposed by curing temperature inferior than 100 °C, to protect the enzyme. The ability of lipase TL, embedded in the chemical network, to catalyze efficiently exchange reactions (transesterification) is demonstrated by combining multiple stress relaxation experiments at 70-100 °C and complete recovery of mechanical strength after several reprocessing assays (up to 3 times). Complete stress relaxation ability disappears after heating at 150 °C, due to enzyme denaturation. Transesterification vitrimers thus designed are complementary to those involving classical catalysis (e.g., using the organocatalyst triazabicyclodecene) for which complete stress relaxation is possible only at high temperature.
Institutional Experience With Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasms (2013)

Certain imaging features (eg, well-circumscribed mass with calcification, peripheral capsule, internal blood products, and lack of biliary/pancreatic ductal obstruction) on computed tomography and MRI are highly suggestive of the diagnosis of SPN, particularly when visualized in young female patients. However, it is not possible to predict aggressive histology on the basis of imaging findings, clinical presentation, or patient demographic features.
Quantum Sensing in CMOS under Ambient Conditions: On-Chip Detection of Electronic Spin States in Diamond (2019)

We demonstrate the first on-chip NV ODMR for quantum sensing, which combines the compactness of CMOS integrated circuit technologies with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond. © 2019 The Author(s)