gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of hyponatraemia with prophylactic oral sodium chloride in good grade aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (2021)

To assess the efficacy and safety of oral sodium chloride (Slow Sodium®) as hyponatraemia prophylaxis in patients with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies (WFNS) Grade 1 and Grade 2 aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH). This prospective cohort study was conducted at Royal Victoria Hospital in Northern Ireland over two separate periods between 2015 and 2017, a total of 60 patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage were recruited. During Phase 1 (Jan 2015–Oct 2015), 32 patients were studied before hospital subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) protocol was modified. In Phase 2 (Jul 2016–Jan 2017), 28 patients received prophylactic oral sodium chloride (Slow Sodium®) in addition to standard SAH protocol. Primary outcomes were: incidence of hyponatraemia, length of hospital stay and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) at a median of 4 months post-SAH; secondary outcome was the incidence of vasospasm. Patients in Phase 2 demonstrated significantly lower incidence of hyponatraemia (p = 0.0006), shorter hospital stay (p < 0.05) and better long term neurological outcomes (p = 0.0069). Both patient groups had similar baseline characteristics. Hyponatraemia occurred in 24 patients (75%) and 8 patients (28.6%) enrolled in Phase 1 and Phase 2 respectively. Phase 2 patients had higher minimum serum sodium concentration (3.8, 95% Cl, 1.5–6.1; p < 0.002) and individuals who developed hyponatraemia had reduced severity. Individuals in phase 2 demonstrated better neurological outcomes and less severe deficits than phase 1 at clinic follow up, 27 patients (96.4%) had GOS 5 in phase 2 when there were only 22 patients (68.8%) in phase 1. Oral sodium chloride (Slow Sodium®) was found to be effective and safe as prophylactic treatment for hyponatraemia in WFNS Grade 1 and Grade 2 aneurysmal SAH patients. This led to a significant reduction in hyponatraemia incidence, shorter hospital stay and better long term neurological outcomes, although difference in incidence of vasospasm was not statistically significant.
Designed synthesis of TS-1 crystals with controllable b-oriented length (2010)

TS-1 crystals with controllable b-oriented length (sheet-like morphology, TS-1-S; chain-like morphology, TS-1-C) have been rationally synthesized from addition of organic additives (urea and fluorinated surfactant of FC-4) in the starting titanosilicate gels, and catalytic and adsorptive measurements show that TS-1-S samples are very active in Beckmann rearrangement of cyclohexanone oxime, whereas TS-1-C samples are selective in adsorption for para-xylene.
Chlorophyll and Total Suspended Materials Concentrations and Remote Sensing Reflectance Data measured at the Red Tide Area of Jinhae, Geoje, and East Sea during August from 1998 to 2003 and August 2013 (2019)

The chlorophyll and total suspended materials concentrations and remote sensing reflectance data were observed for red tides occurring every summer in waters around the Korean Peninsula. In observation area and date, the field survey were performed (1) in the Jinhae and Geoje coasts during August 1998, August 1999, August 2001, and August 2003, (2) in East Sea coast during August 2013. The remote sensing reflectance data were obtained from portable spectroradiometer. The chlorophyll concentration data were obtained from spectrophotometric method and the total suspended materials concentration data were obtained from filter-weight difference method. The remote sensing reflectance data were validated using Moon et al.(2012). The chlorophyll concentration data were validated using baseline correction and subtraction of 750 nm value, and the total suspended materials concentration data were validated using variation of humidity.
Tocotrienols inhibit growth of ZR-75–1 breast cancer cells (2000)

The vitamin E component of palm oil provides a rich source of tocotrienols which have been shown previously to be growth inhibitory to two human breast cancer cell lines: responsive MCF7 cells and unresponsive MDA-MB-231 cells. Data presented here shows that the tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) of palm oil and individual fractions (alpha, gamma and delta) can also inhibit the growth of another responsive human breast cancer cell line, ZR-75-1. At low concentrations in the absence of oestrogen tocotrienols stimulated growth of the ZR-75-1 cells, but at higher concentrations in the presence as well as in the absence of oestradiol, tocotrienols inhibited cell growth strongly. As for MCF7 cells, alpha-tocopherol had no effect on growth of the ZR-75-1 cells in either the absence or presence of oestradiol. In studying the effects of tocotrienols in combination with antioestrogens, it was found that TRF could further inhibit growth of ZR-75-1 cells in the presence of tamoxifen (10(-7) M and 10(-8) M). Individual tocotrienol fractions (alpha, gamma, delta) could inhibit growth of ZR-75-1 cells in the presence of 10(-8) M oestradiol and 10(-8) M pure antioestrogen ICI 164,384. The immature mouse uterine weight bioassay confirmed that TRF could not exert oestrogen antagonist action in vivo. These results provide evidence of wider growth-inhibitory effects of tocotrienols beyond MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 cells, and with an oestrogen-independent mechanism of action, suggest a possible clinical advantage in combining administration of tocotrienols with antioestrogen therapy.
Normative Neurocognitive Data for National Football League Players: An Initial Compendium (2015)

The use of clinical neuropsychological tests in the evaluation of National Football League (NFL) players has been ongoing for more than two decades. Prior research has demonstrated that the NFL population may perform differently than the general population on standard paper and pencil neuropsychological tests. Given the increased interest in the longitudinal and long-term assessment of neurocognitive functioning in this group of athletes, we reviewed the published neuropsychological literature in an attempt to compile an initial compendium of available normative data on paper and pencil as well as computerized neuropsychological tests for this group of football players. Thirteen published studies met the inclusion criteria, and the results are presented by athlete status (active vs. retired) and classified by neuropsychological domain. Suggestions for potential core batteries with this population are discussed, as are directions for future research.
Peroxiredoxin 2 is required for the redox mediated adaptation to exercise (2022)

Abstract Exercise generates a site-specific increase in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) within muscle required for a beneficial adaptive response by activation of specific signalling pathways. Here, we demonstrate that Peroxiredoxin 2 (Prdx2), an abundant cytoplasmic 2-Cys peroxiredoxin, is required for the adaptive beneficial hormesis response to H 2 O 2 . A short bolus addition of H 2 O 2 increases mitochondrial capacity and improves myogenesis of cultured myoblasts, this beneficial adaptive response was suppressed in myoblasts with decreased expression of cytoplasmic Prdxs. A swimming exercise protocol in C. elegans increased mitochondrial content, fitness, survival and longevity in wild type (N2) worms. In contrast, prdx-2 mutant worms had decreased fitness, disrupted mitochondria, reduced survival and lifespan following exercise. Global proteomics following exercise identified distinct changes in the proteome of N2 and prdx-2 mutants. Furthermore, a redox proteomic approach to quantify reversible oxidation of individual Cysteine residues revealed a relatively more oxidised redox state following exercise in the prdx-2 mutants. Our results demonstrate that conserved cytoplasmic 2-Cys Peroxiredoxins are required for the beneficial adaptive response to a physiological stress.
Silaindacenodithiophene-Based Molecular Donor: Morphological Features and Use in the Fabrication of Compositionally Tolerant, High-Efficiency Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2014)

A novel solution-processable small molecule, namely, benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b]bis(4,4'-dihexyl-4H-silolo[3,2-b]thiophene-2,2'-diyl)bis(6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2), was designed and synthesized by utilizing the silaindacenodithiophene (SIDT) framework as the central D(2) donor unit within the D(1)AD(2)AD(1) chromophore configuration. Relative to the widely studied 7,7'-[4,4-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-silolo[3,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl]bis[6-fluoro-4-(5'-hexyl-[2,2'-bithiophene]-5-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole] (p-DTS(FBTTh2)2), which contains the stronger donor fragment dithienosilole (DTS) as D(2), one finds that p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2 exhibits a wider band gap and can be used to fabricate bulk heterojunction solar cells with higher open circuit voltage (0.91 V). Most remarkably, thin films comprising p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2 can achieve exceptional levels of self-organization directly via solution deposition. For example, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2 spin-cast from chlorobenzene organizes into crystalline domains with lattice planes that extend over length scales on the order of hundreds of nanometers. Such features suggest liquid crystalline properties during the evolution of the film. Moreover, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis shows a strong tendency for the molecules to exist with a strong "face-on" orientation relative to the substrate plane. Similar structural features, albeit of more restricted dimensions, can be observed within p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM bulk heterojunction thin films when the films are processed with 0.4% diiodooctane (DIO) solvent additive. DIO use also increases the solar cell power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 1.7% to 6.4%. Of significance from a practical device fabrication perspective is that, for p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM blends, there is a wide range of compositions (from 20:80 to 70:30 p-SIDT(FBTTh2)2:PC71BM) that provide good photovoltaic response, i.e., PCE = 4-6%, indicating a robust tendency to form the necessary continuous phases for charge carrier collection. Light intensity photocurrent measurements, charge selective diode fabrication, and internal quantum efficiency determinations were carried out to obtain insight into the mechanism of device operation. Inclusion of DIO in the casting solution results in films that exhibit much lower photocurrent dependence on voltage and a concomitant increase in fill factor. At the optimum blend ratio, devices show high charge carrier mobilities, while mismatched hole and electron mobilities in blends with high or low donor content result in reduced fill factors and device performance.
BiCMOS integration of SiGe:C heterojunction bipolar transistors (2003)

We demonstrate the advantages of implementing C-doped SiGe HBTs in a BiCMOS technology with respect to manufacturability, RF performance, modular process integration, and low process complexity. SiGe:C HBTs with f/sub T/ values above 100 GHz, f/sub max/ values up to 180 GHz, and ring oscillator delays lower than 6 ps are demonstrated in a BiCMOS technology without an epitaxially-buried subcollector and without deep trench isolation. High-voltage HBTs with BV/sub CEO/ values up to 9 V and BV/sub CEO//spl times/f/sub T/ products exceeding 220 VGHz can also be obtained on the same chip. We show that C doping allows the fabrication of the HBT layers before the essential CMOS steps start, paving the way for a truly modular HBT integration in different CMOS platforms. We also address the integration of high-performance RF LDMOS transistors as valuable, additional BiCMOS components.
Evidence for the formation of n+-GaAs layer in Pd/Ge ohmic contact to n-type GaAs (1997)

Microstructural reactions of PdGe ohmic contact to n-type GaAs were investigated using x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, and slow positron beam. The results were compared with electrical properties to interpret the ohmic contact formation mechanism for the Ge/Pd/n-type GaAs system. The lowest contact resistance of 1.7 Ω mm and the formation of a PdGe compound are observed at the annealing temperature of 240 °C. Slow positron beam results show that Ga vacancies are produced below PdGe during the formation of PdGe ohmic contact to n-type GaAs. This means the existence of n+-GaAs layer below PdGe because Ga vacancy concentration increases with n-type impurity concentration. This supports that the n+-GaAs layer is a regrown layer decomposed from PdxGaAs containing excess Ge atoms during annealing.
Nano‐CMOS Design Tools: Beyond Model‐Based Analysis and Correction (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Electrical Design for Manufacturability Criticality-Aware DFM On Guardbands, Statistics, and Gaps Opportunistic Mindsets Futures at ≤45 nm Summary References
Quantitation of faecal Fusobacterium improves faecal immunochemical test in detecting advanced colorectal neoplasia (2016)

This study identified marker <i>Fn</i> as a valuable marker to improve diagnostic performance of FIT, providing a complementary role to detect lesions missed by FIT alone. This simple approach may improve the clinical utility of the current FIT, and takes one step further towards a non-invasive, potentially more accurate and affordable diagnosis of advanced colorectal neoplasia.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of Sodium Bisulfite to Chalcones. (2011)

Abstract Asymmetric addition of sodium bisulfite towards chalcone derivatives (I) is efficiently catalyzed by a cinchona alkaloid‐derived bifunctional amine—thiourea catalyst.
The human miRNA repertoire of different blood compounds (2014)

In sum, our results provide evidence that blood cell type specific miRNomes are very consistent between individuals and over time.
Extrahepatic High-Density Lipoprotein Receptor SR-BI and ApoA-I Protect Against Deep Vein Thrombosis in Mice (2012)

Objective— Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism are frequent causes of morbidity and mortality. The goal of our study was to determine whether plasma high-density lipoprotein (HDL), which inversely correlates with the risk of cardiovascular events, affects DVT. Methods and Results— Using a murine DVT model of inferior vena cava stenosis, we demonstrated that deficiency of the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), promotes venous thrombosis. As SR-BI −/− mice have increased plasma cholesterol levels and abnormal HDL particles, we tested SR-BI −/− mice with an SR-BI liver transgene that normalizes both parameters. These mice also exhibited increased susceptibility to DVT, indicating a protective role of extrahepatic SR-BI. Mice lacking the major HDL apolipoprotein apoA-I or endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (a downstream target of endothelial SR-BI signaling) also had a prothrombotic phenotype. Intravenous infusion of human apoA-I, an HDL component and SR-BI ligend, prevented DVT in wild-type but not SR-BI −/− or eNOS −/− mice, suggesting that its effect is mediated by SR-BI and eNOS. Intravenous apoA-I infusion abolished histamine-induced platelet–endothelial interactions, which are important for DVT initiation. Conclusion— An apoA-I (HDL)–SR-BI–eNOS axis is highly protective in DVT and may provide new targets for prophylaxis and treatment of venous thrombosis.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Characteristics of Arylated Tetraethynylethenes: A Cooperative Computational and Electrochemical Investigation. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Advanced methods for controlling dual modulation display systems (2012)

This thesis presents a novel method for controlling a dual-modulation display, also commonly known as a local dimming display. Dual modulation is a technology that improves the contrast and power efficiency of liquid crystal displays (LCDs) by dimming the backlight in image regions that need less light. This is an important improvement as although LCD technology accounts for nearly 90% of today’s displays, it has relatively poor performance in contrast and efficiency. A critical component of a dual modulation display is the control algorithm. Present control algorithms cause an image artifact termed LCD clipping that affects the high spatial frequencies and is highly objectionable to many viewers. In this thesis we introduce an image metric designed to measure this artifact, as we found that existing metrics were not sufficient. The main contribution of the thesis is a new control algorithm for dual-modulation displays that eliminates the LCD clipping artifact, with minimal other tradeoffs in image quality and power efficiency. The new control algorithm requires less computational resources than previous algorithms and no change to display hardware, making it a relatively straightforward upgrade for today’s dual modulation displays.
Linkage disequilibrium of common Gaucher disease mutations with a polymorphic site in thepyruvate kinase (PKLR) gene (1998)

Gaucher disease (GD), caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GBA), is the most common human glycolipid storage disease. The incidence of the disease is particularly high in the Ashkenazi Jewish population, with a carrier frequency of 0.068. The 1226A→G and 84GG mutations are the two predominant disease-causing alleles. We investigated the association of various mutations in the GBA gene with different alleles of a highly polymorphic site in the adjacent pyruvate kinase (PKLR) gene. Ninety-seven unrelated type I GD patients of various genotypes were studied to determine their genotype for the PKLR gene trinucleotide repeat polymorphism. One hundred out of 104 (96%) alleles carrying the 1226G mutation also carried the A1 allele of the PKLR gene, which is present in only 6.7% of the control population. The calculated linkage disequilibrium between 1226G and the A1 allele of the PKLR gene is 0.957. Mutation 84GG was found to be uniquely associated with the PKLR A6 allele, with a linkage disequilibrium of 1.00. The association of several less frequent GD mutations with PKLR alleles was also studied. These results support the hypothesis that the 1226G and 84GG mutations in the Ashkenazi Jewish population each originated in a single founder. Further studies of the association of the 1226G and 84GG mutations with PKLR alleles in European non-Jewish GD patients could help in the study of the chronological order of these mutations and may shed light on the history of the Ashkenazi Jews in the past two millennia. Am. J. Med. Genet. 78:233–236, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Optimization of growth temperatures for InAlAs metamorphic buffers and high indium InGaAs on InP substrate (2018)

In0.83Ga0.17As layers were grown on InP substrate with InAlAs metamorphic buffers by gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The characteristics of InGaAs and InAlAs layers grown with different temperature schemes were investigated by high resolution X-ray diffraction reciprocal space maps, atomic force microscopy, photoluminescence and Hall-effect measurements. Results show that a higher growth temperature gradient of the InAlAs metamorphic buffers leads to a broader (004) reflection peak. The tilt angle between the epilayer and the substrate increases as well. The surface of the buffer layer becomes rougher. It indicates that the material defects increase and lattice relaxation becomes insufficient. In0.83Ga0.17As layers were grown on the InAlAs metamorphic buffer with a fixed growth temperature gradient. A higher growth temperature leads to a moderate full width at half maximum along the Q(x) direction of the (004) reflection, a stronger photoluminescence at 77 K, but a rougher surface of In0.83Ga0.17As. This indicates that the material defects can be suppressed at higher growth temperatures.
Apparent high mobility ~30 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs of amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O thin-film transistor and its origin (2013)

Amorphous In–Ga–Zn–O (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) annealed in ozone at 250°C exhibited a good subthreshold swing (S) of 123 mV/decade and a saturation mobility (μsat) of ~10 cm2/Vs, but a bit large threshold voltage (Vth) of 11.6 V. Further oxygen annealing at 200°C resulted in high apparent μsat of ~30 cm2/Vs and deteriorated characteristics such as a large S value and large hysteresis. The high apparent μsat values were attributed to the electrical discharge between the gate and source electrodes. Reasonably actual μsat values ~10 cm2/Vs were obtained using the actual capacitance calculated from the discharge characteristics.
Cyclic Control: Reference Tracking and Disturbance Rejection (2012)

Cyclic control (CC) is concerned with systems comprised of multiple plants controlled by a single actuator and sensor. Such systems arise naturally in rotating machinery with actuators and sensors fixed in inertial space. This paper investigates the problem of reference tracking and disturbance rejection in CC systems and illustrates the results through the control of the fusing stage of a xerographic process.
Quo vadis personalized medicine? (2004)

Personalized medicine introduces a daunting foray into the complexities, wonders and paradoxes of modern healthcare'Welcome to the real world Medicine has always attempted to be personalized.The patient-doctor relationship, both extolled and beleaguered, has historical aspirations and cultural roots in healing each person.The recent excitement in healthcare has been created by the prospect of personalizing medicine with genomic knowledge.The launch of this new journal, Personalized Medicine, heralds the time to integrate: for medicine, to adapt genomic tools; and for genomics, to delve into healthcare delivery.While there are multiple challenges on both the genomic and healthcare fronts, it is the latter that will be discussed here.Five years ago we would have needed to address the complexity and cost of genotyping and raise concerns about the privatization of genomic information.Today, we can thank the biotechnology industry for quantum leaps in engineering that allow genotypes to be simpler and less expensive to measure than many serological factors.And thanks to the efforts of the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap Consortium, there is a wealth of sequence and polymorphism data readily accessible in comprehensively designed websites.
Deep Learning for Super-resolution Vascular Ultrasound Imaging (2019)

Based on the intravascular infusion of gas microbubbles, which act as ultrasound contrast agents, ultrasound localization microscopy has enabled super resolution vascular imaging through precise detection of individual microbubbles across numerous imaging frames. However, analysis of high-density regions with significant overlaps among the microbubble point spread functions typically yields high localization errors, constraining the technique to low-concentration conditions. As such, long acquisition times are required for sufficient coverage of the vascular bed. Algorithms based on sparse recovery have been developed specifically to cope with the overlapping point-spread-functions of multiple microbubbles. While successful localization of densely-spaced emitters has been demonstrated, even highly optimized fast sparse recovery techniques involve a time-consuming iterative procedure. In this work, we used deep learning to improve upon standard ultrasound localization microscopy (Deep-ULM), and obtain super-resolution vascular images from high-density contrast-enhanced ultrasound data. Deep-ULM is suitable for real-time applications, resolving about 1250 high-resolution patches (128×128 pixels) per second using GPU acceleration.