gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathecal Viral Vector Delivery of Trastuzumab Prevents or Inhibits Tumor Growth of Human HER2-Positive Xenografts in Mice (2018)

Breast cancer brain metastases are a deadly sequela of primary breast tumors that overexpress human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); median survival for patients with these tumors is 10 to 13 months from the time of diagnosis. Current treatments for HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases are invasive, toxic, and largely ineffective. Here, we have developed an adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9) vector to express the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab (Herceptin) <i>in vivo</i> A single prophylactic intrathecal administration of AAV9.trastuzumab vector in a novel orthotopic <i>Rag1<sup>-/-</sup></i> murine xenograft model of HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases significantly increased median survival, attenuated brain tumor growth, and preserved both the HER2 antigen specificity and the natural killer cell-associated mechanism of action of trastuzumab. When administered as a tumor treatment, AAV9.trastuzumab increased median survival. Dose-escalation studies revealed that higher doses of AAV9.trastuzumab resulted in smaller tumor volumes. Our results indicate that intrathecal AAV9.trastuzumab may provide significant antitumor activity in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases.<b>Significance:</b> Intrathecal delivery of trastuzumab via adeno-associated virus has the potential to become a novel, integral part of adjuvant therapy for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer brain metastases. <i>Cancer Res; 78(21); 6171-82. ©2018 AACR</i>.
EFFECT OF FILTRATION AND PARTICULATE FOULING IN MEMBRANE DISTILLATION (2015)

Fouling and scaling in membrane distillation (MD) is one of the significant barriers to its continued growth. Fouling in MD blocks the pores, causing a decline in permeate flux, and may eventually lead to wetting of a hydrophobic membrane by the saline feed, contaminating the permeate. Many previous studies on MD have observed that while MD is more fouling resistant than reverse osmosis (RO), inorganic salt precipitation on the membrane surface under supersaturated conditions may readily foul and cause wetting of the membranes. While most studies have assumed that crystal growth occurs directly on the membrane surface, precipitation of particles in the bulk which then migrate to the surface may play a significant or dominant role. In this study, membrane distillation experiments are run at varied supersaturated salinities with and without filtration in equivalent operating conditions to examine the effectiveness of particulate fouling in MD, and thus also the role of bulk precipitation in inorganic fouling. Conditions were designed to favor surface crystal growth over bulk nucleation, to examine the limiting case. The experiment is paired with heat and mass transfer and solubility numerical modeling to analyze the effects of concentration polarization to accurately calculate the saturation index (SI) in the bulk and at the membrane surface. The results show that the removal of particles precipitating in the bulk makes a tremendous difference in reducing flux decline, visible crystals on the membrane surface, and wetting. This implies that bulk nucleation followed by deposition, rather than surface crystal growth, dominates the scaling process in MD when the bulk is supersaturated.
A Cell-Level Differential Power Processing IC for Concentrating-PV Systems With Bidirectional Hysteretic Current-Mode Control and Closed-Loop Frequency Regulation (2015)

This paper describes an integrated power management IC with bidirectional current capability, aimed at compensating differences in output current between series-connected cells in concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) systems. The integrated 3.6-MHz power stage allows building a small-form-factor converter per cell. A hysteretic current-mode controller regulates the bidirectional converter's current to equalize neighboring cell voltages. A phase-locked loop controls the inductor current ripple around the average value to stabilize the switching frequency. The use of hysteretic current-mode control with a novel bidirectional senseFET scheme provides inherent current protection and high reliability. The converter can operate from an input voltage as low as 1.8 V and with an inductor current up to ±1.5 A, while achieving a system efficiency above 90% for current mismatches between cells up to 60%. Measurement results show that the converter maximizes the output power of series-connected CPV cells with mismatched output currents.
Borate Glass Supports the In Vitro Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2005)

Abstract Bioactive ceramics have the ability to bond to surrounding bone and potentially enhance bone in-growth. Silicate based bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, such as 45S5 bioactive glass, have been widely investigated for bone repair or as scaffolds for cell-based bone tissue engineering. Recent data have demonstrated that silica-free borate glasses also exhibit bioactive behavior and have been shown to convert to calcium phosphate at a remarkably rapid rate. Due to its relative novelty in biological applications, the cytocompatibity of borate glass is largely unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate the cytocompatibility of borate glass by in vitro cell culture with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and hMSC-derived osteoblasts (hMSC-Obs). The choice of hMSCs and hMSC-Obs is based on the rationale that both cell types are preferred cell lineages attached to bone implants. Borate glass particles with diameters of 212–355 μ m were loosely compacted into porous disks (porosity ≈ 40%) followed by sintering at 600°C. Partial or nearly complete conversion of the borate glass to calcium phosphate (Ca-P) material was achieved by soaking the disks for 1 day or 7 days in a 0.25 molar K2HPO4 solution at 37°C and at pH of 9.0. Bone marrow derived hMSCs and hMSC-Obs adhered to the pores of borate glass disks. Upon 2 week incubation of cell-seeded borate glass disks, hMSC-Obs markedly synthesized alkaline phosphatase, an early osteogenic marker. These data provide preliminary evidence of cytocompatibility of borate glass and its role in supporting the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells.
The role of caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ stores in agonist- and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate-induced Ca2+ release from bovine adrenal chromaffin cells (1991)

In single bovine adrenal chromaffin cells loaded with fura-2, histamine, angiotensin II (AII) and caffeine elicited large transient increases of intracellular free Ca2+ concentration [( Ca2+]i) in the absence of external Ca2+, with peak amplitudes averaging 726 +/- 138 (n = 14), 710 +/- 102 (n = 21) and 830 +/- 100 nM (n = 30) respectively. A substantial portion of the agonist-induced rise in [Ca2+]i depended on Ca2+ release from caffeine-sensitive stores, as pretreatment with caffeine diminished subsequent agonist responses by 90-95%. Conversely, pretreatment with histamine or AII decreased subsequent caffeine responses by 100% and 90% respectively. The effects of caffeine most likely resulted from activation of a Ca(2+)-induced Ca(2+)-release (CICR) process, whereas histamine and AII initially acted through generation of Ins(1,4,5)P3. The relationship of Ins(1,4,5)P3- and caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ pools was studied by using alpha-toxin-permeabilized chromaffin cells. Evidence was found for three non-mitochondrial, ATP-dependent, Ca2+ pools: one exclusively sensitive to Ins(1,4,5)P3 (pool 1), a second sensitive to both Ins(1,4,5)P3 and caffeine (pool 2), and a third exclusively sensitive to caffeine (pool 3). The existence of pools 1 and 3, and the ability of agonists such as histamine to discharge pool 3 completely, supports a two-pool model in which a caffeine-sensitive CICR mechanism plays a major role in the generation of agonist-induced Ca2+ spikes in bovine chromaffin cells.
Novel Type II Bragg Grating Structures in Silica Fibers Using Femtosecond Lasers and Phase Masks (2018)

This review paper presents recent developments on the fabrication of novel thermally stable Type II fiber Bragg grating structures using femtosecond lasers and the phase mask technique. By manipulating the inscription beam and phase mask designs, exotic grating structures, such as ultrashort gratings <;100 μm in length, Fabry-Perot structures or π-phase shifted structures can be created that are stable at high temperatures. These novel structures can also be created directly through protective polymer coatings such as polyimide, thus simplifying their manufacture.
Fast and Scalable Expansion of Natural Language Understanding\n Functionality for Intelligent Agents (2018)

Fast expansion of natural language functionality of intelligent virtual\nagents is critical for achieving engaging and informative interactions.\nHowever, developing accurate models for new natural language domains is a time\nand data intensive process. We propose efficient deep neural network\narchitectures that maximally re-use available resources through transfer\nlearning. Our methods are applied for expanding the understanding capabilities\nof a popular commercial agent and are evaluated on hundreds of new domains,\ndesigned by internal or external developers. We demonstrate that our proposed\nmethods significantly increase accuracy in low resource settings and enable\nrapid development of accurate models with less data.\n
Spatiotemporally controllable acoustothermal heating and its application to disposable thermochromic displays (2016)

Disposable thermochromic displays using spatiotemporally controllable acoustothermal heating are reported. A variety of thermochromic displays are presented to prove the applicability of the proposed thermochromic display system.
Struktur und Mechanismus in der Cinchonaalkaloidchemie: Ein 50 Jahre altes Fehlkonzept wird widerlegt (1999)

Lange bestehende Irrtümer der vermeintlich etablierten Primärliteratur, Lehrbücher und Datenbanken wurden korrigiert: Die Struktur der Hetero-Cinchona-Basen im Kristall und in Lösung (siehe Schema) und der Mechanismus ihrer Bildung aus Chinin bzw. Chinidin sind aufgekärt worden.
Improving the Performance at Elevated Temperature of High Voltage Graphite/LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4Cells with Added Lithium Catechol Dimethyl Borate (2016)

Performance of LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/graphite cells cycled to 4.8 V at 55°C with the 1.2 M LiPF6 in EC/EMC (3/7, STD electrolyte) with and without added lithium catechol dimethyl borate (LiCDMB) has been investigated. The incorporation of 0.5 wt% LiCDMB to the STD electrolyte results in an improved capacity retention and coulombic efficiency upon cycling at 55°C. Ex-situ analysis of the electrode surfaces via a combination of SEM, TEM, and XPS reveals that oxidation of LiCDMB at high potential results in the deposition of a passivation layer on the electrode surface, preventing transition metal ion dissolution from the cathode and subsequent deposition on the anode. NMR investigations of the bulk electrolyte stored at 85°C reveals that added LiCDMB prevents the thermal decomposition of LiPF6.
Acoustic method for real-time visualization of microbubble movements and rupture (2004)

The behavior of microbubbles during insonation is typically observed through optical methods based on the use of high frame-rate cameras. In this paper, a new approach is described, in which a high-speed processing board is coupled to a standard ultrasound TX-RX to interrogate small concentrations of microbubbles suspended in water. The acquired data is presented simultaneously on two displays. In a classical M-mode display, distinct traces indicate the amplitude and position of individual bubble-echoes over time. In the multigate Doppler display, the instantaneous velocities of all bubbles intercepted by the US beam are shown. Tests performed in different experimental conditions clearly show how individual microbubbles are pushed away from the transducer depending on the transducer excitation and pressure distribution along the beam axis. Bubble rupture is also clearly shown in both display modes. The new approach thus demonstrates a promising means for the investigation of microbubble behavior in ultrasound fields.
DIRAC DISPERSION AND ZERO-INDEX IN TWO DIMENSIONAL AND THREE DIMENSIONAL PHOTONIC AND PHONONIC SYSTEMS (2012)

We show that by applying accidental degeneracy, we can obtain a triply-degenerate state at the zone center in the band diagram of two dimensional (2D) photonic crystal. The dispersion near the zone center comprises two linear bands and an additional flat band crossing at the same frequency. If this triply-degenerate state is formed by the degeneracy of monopole and dipole excitations, we show that the system can be mapped to an effective medium with permittivity and permeability equal to zero. While "Dirac cone" dispersions can only be meaningfully defined in 2D systems, the notion of a Dirac point can be extended to three dimensional (3D) classical wave systems. We show that a simple cubic photonic crystal composed of core-shell spheres exhibits a 3D Dirac-like point at the center of the Brillouin zone at a finite frequency. Using effective medium theory, we can map our structure to an isotropic zero refractive index material in which the effective permittivity and permeability are simultaneously zero at the Dirac-like point frequency (ωD). The Dirac-like point is six-fold degenerate and is formed by the accidental degeneracy of electric dipole and magnetic dipole excitations, each with three degrees of freedom. We found that 3D Dirac-like points at k = 0 can also be found in simple cubic acoustic wave crystals. Different from the case in the photonic system, the 3D Dirac-like point in acoustic wave system is four-fold degenerate, and is formed by the accidental degeneracy of dipole and monopole excitations. Using effective medium theory, this acoustic wave system can also be described as a material which has both effective mass density and reciprocal of bulk modulus equal to zero at ωD. For both the photonic and phononic systems, a subset of the bands has linear dispersions near the zone center, and they give rise to equi-frequency surfaces that are spheres with radii proportional to (ω - ωD).
Carbon-carbon activation at electrophilic d0/fn centers. Facile, regioselective .beta.-alkyl shift-based ring-opening polymerization reactions of methylenecyclobutane (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-carbon activation at electrophilic d0/fn centers. Facile, regioselective .beta.-alkyl shift-based ring-opening polymerization reactions of methylenecyclobutaneXinmin Yang, Li Jia, and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 8, 3392–3393Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00061a073https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00061a073research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views295Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Processing of Silicon Carbide‐Mullite‐Alumina Nanocomposites (1995)

Nanocomposite materials in the form of nanometer‐sized second‐phase particles dispersed in a ceramic matrix have been shown to display enhanced mechanical properties. In spite of this potential, processing methodologies to produce these nanocomposites are not well established. In this paper, we describe a new method for processing SiC‐mullite‐Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites by the reaction sintering of green compacts prepared by colloidal consolidation of a mixture of SiC and Al 2 O 3 powders. In this method, the surface of the SiC particles was first oxidized to produce silicon oxide and to reduce the core of the SiC particles to nanometer size. Next, the surface silicon oxide was reacted with alumina to produce mullite. This process results in particles with two kinds of morphologies: nanometer‐sized SiC particles that are distributed in the mullite phase and mullite whiskers in the SiC phase. Both particle types are immersed in an Al 2 O 3 matrix.
The Effect of Passivation Layers on the Negative Bias Instability of Ga–In–Zn–O Thin Film Transistors under Illumination (2010)

Ga–In–Zn–O (GIZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) with disparate passivation structures were fabricated and their stabilities were compared. The devices were subjected to a negative bias stress with simultaneous exposure to visible light. TFT that incorporates a dual passivation composed of a layer grown at a relatively high temperature with an additional film deposited shows only shift, whereas a shift was observed for a TFT covered by a single film. The device degradation is susceptible to the ability of protecting external moisture, which may adsorb on the surface of the GIZO semiconductor to create donor states therein.
Chorismate aminations: partial purification of Escherichia coli PABA synthase and mechanistic comparison with anthranilate synthase (1987)

Chorismate is converted by regiospecific amination/aromatization sequences to o-aminobenzoate and p-aminobenzoate (PABA) by anthranilate synthase (AS) and PABA synthase (PABS), respectively. We report here the first partial purification of the large subunit of Escherichia coli PABA synthase, previously reported to be quantitatively inactivated in purification attempts. The subunit encoded by the pabB gene was overexpressed from a T7 promoter and purified 9-fold to 25-30% homogeneity. The pabB subunit appears unusually sensitive to inactivation by glycerol so this cosolvent is contraindicated. The Km for chorismate is 42 microM in the ammonia-dependent conversion to PABA, and we estimate a turnover number of 2.6 min-1. A variety of chorismate analogues have been prepared and examined. Of these compounds, cycloheptadienyl analogue 11 has been found to be the most potent inhibitor of Serratia marcescens anthranilate synthase (Ki = 30 microM for an RS mixture) and of the E. coli pabB subunit of PABA synthase (Ki = 226 microM). Modifications in the substituents at C-3 [enolpyruyl ether, (R)- or (S)-lactyl ether, glycolyl ether] or C-4 (O-methyl) of chorismate lead to alternate substrates. The Vmax values for (R)- and (S)-lactyl ethers are down 10-20-fold for each enzyme, and V/K analyses show the (S)-lactyl chorismate analogue to be preferred by 12/1 over (R)-lactyl for anthranilate synthase while a 3/1 preference was observed for (R)-/(S)-lactyl analogues by PABA synthase. The glycolyl ether analogue of chorismate shows 15% Vmax vs. chorismate for anthranilate synthase but is actually a faster substrate (140%) than chorismate with PABA synthase, suggesting the elimination/aromatization step from an aminocyclohexadienyl species may be rate limiting with AS but not with PABS. Indeed, studies with (R)-lactyl analogue 14 and anthranilate synthase led to accumulation of an intermediate, isolable by high-performance liquid chromatography and characterized by NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy as 6-amino-5-[(1-carboxyethyl)oxy]-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylic acid (17). This is the anticipated intermediate predicted by our previous work with conversion of synthetic trans-6-amino-5-[(1-carboxyethenyl)oxy]-1,3-cyclohexadiene-1-carbo xylic acid (2) to anthranilate by the enzyme. Compound 17 is quantitatively converted to anthranilate on reincubation with enzyme, but at a 1.3-10-fold lower Vmax than starting lactyl substrate 14 under the conditions investigated; the basis for this kinetic variation is not yet determined.
High impedance leads and safety margin. Electrical considerations based on a simplified expression of the 'paradigm' (2002)

For physicians who are not familiar with the electrical basis of cardiac stimulation, high impedance leads previously (10 years ago) considered as bad electrodes (high voltage) are now considered as the 'epitome' of lead technology (low energy drain): clearly impedance is not a good parameter for characterizing the qualities of a pacing lead. Using a simplified approach to the electrostimulation 'paradigm', it is easy to establish that modern high impedance leads are in fact high current density leads and high efficiency leads (better description). It is also possible to establish that routine programming of the safety margin at 100% above threshold parameters is associated with a decrease in the penetration of the electric field according to the reduction of the cathode surface area. For safety and energy saving, a small tip electrode could be combined with a low polarization surface treatment and a reduction in fibrosis development between electrode and myocardium.
Aptamer Nanomedicine for Cancer Therapeutics: Barriers and Potential for Translation (2015)

Aptamer nanomedicine, including therapeutic aptamers and aptamer nanocomplexes, is beginning to fulfill its potential in both clinical trials and preclinical studies. Especially in oncology, aptamer nanomedicine may perform better than conventional or antibody-based chemotherapeutics due to specificity compared to the former and stability compared to the latter. Many proof-of-concept studies on applying aptamers to drug delivery, gene therapy, and cancer imaging have shown promising efficacy and impressive safety in vivo toward translation. Yet, there remains ample room for improvement and critical barriers to be addressed. In this review, we will first introduce the recent progress in clinical trials of aptamer nanomedicine, followed by a discussion of the barriers at the design and in vivo application stages. We will then highlight recent advances and engineering strategies proposed to tackle these barriers. Aptamer cancer nanomedicine has the potential to address one of the most important healthcare issues of the society.
Using light to establish and measure stiffness gradients in three-dimensional engineered tissues (2021)

Studies of cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions within fibrous systems such as collagen or fibrin are challenging, particularly if peri-cellular stiffness cannot be monitored. Here we present our light-based method for non-invasive patterning of molecular crosslinking combined with multi-axes optical tweezers active microrheology to map ECM stiffness landscapes. This method allows us to generate prescribed stiffness gradients and associated anisotropies, which model stiffness of the natural peri-cellular ECM. Patterned crosslinking induces strain hardening and measured stiffness gradients are in agreement with predicted strain fields. Migratory cells respond to these gradients as assessed by change in F-actin distribution and morphological properties.
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF THE P‐NITROPHENYLETHOXYCARBONYL GROUP FOR AMINO PROTECTION IN CYTIDINE AND ADENOSINE CHEMISTRY (1983)

Abstract Aus dem Desoxycytidin (Ia) bzw. Cytidin (Ib) erhält man mit dem Benzotriazol‐carbonsäure‐p‐nitrophenylethyl‐ester (H) die Substitutionsprodukte (III).