gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RNA-Aligned Film Prepared from an RNA/Lipid Complex (2002)

Strong films were prepared from an RNA/lipid complex by casting from organic solutions. RNA (mainly tRNA) was extracted from yeasts, followed by a replacement of the sodium counterions of the tRNA phosphate units by cationic amphiphiles. RNA units in the RNA/lipid film could be aligned in one direction by stretching due to the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The film showed physical strength and was biodegradable.
Modelling the application of adaptive optics to wide‐field microscope live imaging (2007)

Wide-field fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool in modern cell biology. Unfortunately the image quality of fluorescence microscopes is often significantly degraded due to aberrations that occur under normal imaging conditions. In this article, we examine the use of adaptive optics technology to dynamically correct these problems to achieve close to ideal diffraction limited performance. Simultaneously, this technology also allows ultra-rapid focusing without having to move either the stage or the objective lens. We perform optical simulations to demonstrate the degree of correction that can be achieved.
HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Signatures and Application to Epitope-Targeted Vaccine Design (2019)

(Cell Host & Microbe 25, 59–72.e1–e8, January 9, 2019) In Table S3 of the originally published version of this article, details regarding the statistical support for certain signatures were inadvertently omitted by the authors. An updated version of Table S3 is now provided online. The associated legend remains unchanged, and the updating of Table S3 does not impact any conclusions of the study. HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Signatures and Application to Epitope-Targeted Vaccine DesignBricault et al.Cell Host & MicrobeJanuary 09, 2019In BriefHIV-1 Env amino acid signatures associated with sensitivity to broadly neutralizing antibodies were systematically defined from large neutralization panels. V2 signatures were incorporated in a trivalent vaccine to enhance epitope exposure and to include common epitope variants, resulting in increased neutralization breadth against heterologous viruses in a guinea pig model. Full-Text PDF Open Access
New anthracycline antibiotic CG12 obtained by microbial glycosidation of .ALPHA.-citromycinone. (1986)

Aiming at obtaining new antitumor anthracycline antibiotics, we have studied the production of hybrid anthra-
Ultrafast Dynamics in Helium Nanodroplets Probed by Femtosecond Time-Resolved EUV Photoelectron Imaging (2009)

The dynamics of electronically excited helium nanodroplets are studied by femtosecond time-resolved photoelectron imaging. EUV excitation into a broad absorption band centered around 23.8 eV leads to an indirect photoemission process that generates ultraslow photoelectrons. A 1.58 eV probe pulse transiently depletes the indirect photoemission signal for pump-probe time delays <200 fs and enhances the signal beyond this delay. The depletion is due to suppression of the indirect ionization process by the probe photon, which generates a broad, isotropically emitted photoelectron band. Similar time scales in the decay of the high energy photoelectron signal and the enhancement of the indirect photoemission signal suggest an internal relaxation process that populates states in the range of a lower energy droplet absorption band located just below the droplet ionization potential (IP approximately 23.0 eV). A nearly 70% enhancement of the ultraslow photoelectron signal indicates that interband relaxation plays a more dominant role for the droplet de-excitation mechanism than photoemission.
Synthesis and Characterization of New V1A Antagonist Compounds: The Separation of Four Atropisomeric Stereoisomers (2021)

A new class of selective vasopressin receptor 1A (V<sub>1A</sub>) antagonists was identified, where "methyl-scan" was performed around the benzene ring of the 5-hydroxy-triazolobenzazepine core. This led to the synthesis of two 10-methyl derivatives, each possessing a chiral axis and a stereogenic center. The four atropisomeric stereoisomers (involving two enantiomer pairs and atropisomeric diastereomers) could be successfully isolated and spectroscopically characterized. According to the <i>in vitro</i> pharmacological profiles of the compounds, the human V<sub>1A</sub> receptor has a strong preference toward the isomers having an a<i>R</i> axial chirality, the most active isomer being the a<i>R</i>,5<i>S</i> isomer. Furthermore, the structure-activity relationships obtained for the isomers and for the newly synthesized analogues could be tentatively explained by an <i>in silico</i> study.
Ataluren Suppresses a Premature Termination Codon in an MPS I-H Mouse (2022)

Abstract Suppressing translation termination at premature termination codons (PTCs), termed readthrough, is a potential therapy for genetic diseases caused by nonsense mutations. Ataluren is a compound that has shown promise for clinical use as a readthrough agent. However, some reports suggest that ataluren is ineffective at suppressing PTCs. To further evaluate the effectiveness of ataluren as a readthrough agent, we examined its ability to suppress PTCs in a variety of previously untested models. Using NanoLuc readthrough reporters expressed in two different cell types, we found that ataluren stimulated a significant level of readthrough. We also explored the ability of ataluren to suppress a nonsense mutation associated with Mucopolysaccharidosis I-Hurler (MPS I-H), a genetic disease that is caused by a deficiency of a-L-iduronidase that leads to lysosomal accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from Idua-W402X mice, we found that ataluren partially rescued a-L-iduronidase function and significantly reduced GAG accumulation relative to controls. Two-week oral administration of ataluren to Idua-W402X mice led to significant GAG reductions in most tissues compared to controls. Together, these data reveal important details concerning the efficiency of ataluren as a readthrough agent and the mechanisms that govern its ability to suppress PTCs.
Tailor Me: An Editing Network for Fashion Attribute Shape Manipulation (2022)

Fashion attribute editing aims to manipulate fashion images based on a user-specified attribute, while preserving the details of the original image as intact as possible. Recent works in this domain have mainly focused on direct manipulation of the raw RGB pixels, which only allows to perform edits involving relatively small shape changes (e.g., sleeves). The goal of our Virtual Personal Tailoring Network (VPTNet) is to extend the editing capabilities to much larger shape changes of fashion items, such as cloth length. To achieve this goal, we decouple the fashion attribute editing task into two conditional stages: shape-then-appearance editing. To this aim, we propose a shape editing network that employs a semantic parsing of the fashion image as an interface for manipulation. Compared to operating on the raw RGB image, our parsing map editing enables performing more complex shape editing operations. Second, we introduce an appearance completion network that takes the previous stage results and completes the shape difference regions to produce the final RGB image. Qualitative and quantitative experiments on the DeepFashion-Synthesis dataset confirm that VPTNet outperforms state-of-the-art methods for both small and large shape attribute editing.
Sacrospinous Ligament Suspension for Vaginal Vault Prolapse (2004)

The durable surgical correction of pelvic organ prolapse remains a significant challenge forpelvic reconstructive surgeons. Prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall, usually in the form of acystocele, is the most common form of pelvic organ prolapse (1). Recent studies suggestthat, of the various segments of the vagina which may be involved in prolapse (anterior,posterior, or apical), the anterior vaginal wall is the segment most likely to demonstrate recur-rent prolapse after reconstructive surgery (2). Additionally, normal anterior vaginal supportplays an important role in supporting the urethra and loss of this support can contribute tothe development of stress urinary incontinence (3). It is therefore important that the pelvicreconstructive surgeon understand the normal support mechanisms of the anterior vaginalwall and the full spectrum of techniques for correction of anterior vaginal prolapse andcystoceles.
Auger interactions in quantum dots: quantum-confined Auger recombination and electron-hole energy transfer (2000)

Summary form only given. Auger effects play an important role in all types of materials systems from atoms and molecules to bulk semiconductors. The efficiency of Auger effects is greatly reduced in bulk materials, due to the reduced Coulomb electron-electron coupling and kinematic restrictions imposed by energy and momentum conservation. In the present work, to quantitatively study the modification of Auger-type interactions during a gradual transformation from the atomic/molecular to bulk-crystalline regimes we use chemically-synthesized nanoparticles or quantum dots (QDs), with sizes controlled with a high accuracy in the range from 1 to 10 nm.
Atypical development of white matter microstructure of the corpus callosum in males with autism: a longitudinal investigation (2015)

These longitudinal results suggest atypical early childhood development of the corpus callosum microstructure in autism that transitions into sustained group differences in adolescence and adulthood. This pattern of results provides longitudinal evidence consistent with a growing number of published studies and hypotheses regarding abnormal brain connectivity across the life span in autism.
The uncomfortable workshop (2019)

According to the latest science of human performance, we are wired to thrive and adapt from discomfort. This workshop explores how to leverage that science to improve human wellbeing and to improve sustainability as a side-effect of designing ubiquitous technology to prepare, practice and perform discomfort, for social benefit. We will use Design Jams as a key activity to explore and build up this Uncomfortable Design Methodology. There will be prizes.
A Biological-Realtime Neuromorphic System in 28 nm CMOS using Low-Leakage Switched Capacitor Circuits (2014)

A switched-capacitor (SC) neuromorphic system for closed-loop neural coupling in 28 nm CMOS is presented, occupying 600 um by 600 um. It offers 128 input channels (i.e. presynaptic terminals), 8192 synapses and 64 output channels (i.e. neurons). Biologically realistic neuron and synapse dynam- ics are achieved via a faithful translation of the behavioural equations to SC circuits. As leakage currents significantly affect circuit behaviour at this technology node, dedicated compensation techniques are employed to achieve biological-realtime operation, with faithful reproduction of time constants of several 100 ms at room temperature. Power draw of the overall system is 1.9 mW.
Titanium-rich TS-1 zeolite for highly efficient oxidative desulfurization (2021)

The exploration of highly efficient catalysts based on nano-sized Ti-rich titanosilicate zeolites with controllable active titanium species is of great importance in zeolite catalytic reactions. Herein, we reported an efficient and facile synthesis of nano-sized Ti-rich TS-1 (MFI) zeolites by replacing tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT) with tetrabutyl orthotitanate tetramer (TBOT-tetramer) as the titanium source. The introduced TBOT-tetramer slowed down the zeolite crystallization process, and accordingly balanced the rate of incorporating Ti and the crystal growth and inhibited the massive formation of anatase species. Notably, the prepared Ti-rich TS-1 zeolite sample had a Si/Ti as low as 27.6 in contrast to conventional one with a molar ratio of 40. The TBOT-tetramer endowed the titanosilicate zeolites with enriched active titanium species and enlarged external surface area. It also impeded the formation of anatase species, resulting in superior catalytic behavior toward the oxidative desulfurization of dibenzothiophene compared with the conventional TS-1 zeolite counterpart prepared with TBOT.
Recharacterization of ancient DNA miscoding lesions: insights in the era of sequencing-by-synthesis (2006)

Although ancient DNA (aDNA) miscoding lesions have been studied since the earliest days of the field, their nature remains a source of debate. A variety of conflicting hypotheses exist about which miscoding lesions constitute true aDNA damage as opposed to PCR polymerase amplification error. Furthermore, considerable disagreement and speculation exists on which specific damage events underlie observed miscoding lesions. The root of the problem is that it has previously been difficult to assemble sufficient data to test the hypotheses, and near-impossible to accurately determine the specific strand of origin of observed damage events. With the advent of emulsion-based clonal amplification (emPCR) and the sequencing-by-synthesis technology this has changed. In this paper we demonstrate how data produced on the Roche GS20 genome sequencer can determine miscoding lesion strands of origin, and subsequently be interpreted to enable characterization of the aDNA damage behind the observed phenotypes. Through comparative analyses on 390,965 bp of modern chloroplast and 131,474 bp of ancient woolly mammoth GS20 sequence data we conclusively demonstrate that in this sample at least, a permafrost preserved specimen, Type 2 (cytosine-->thymine/guanine-->adenine) miscoding lesions represent the overwhelming majority of damage-derived miscoding lesions. Additionally, we show that an as yet unidentified guanine-->adenine analogue modification, not the conventionally argued cytosine-->uracil deamination, underpins a significant proportion of Type 2 damage. How widespread these implications are for aDNA will become apparent as future studies analyse data recovered from a wider range of substrates.
Time-resolved trajectory of glucose lowering medications and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a recurrent neural network analysis (2022)

The time-resolved pattern of GLM use identified patients with subsequent cardiovascular events better than the mere list or sequence of prescribed GLM. Thus, a patient's therapeutic trajectory could determine disease outcomes.
Regions that influence acoustic propagation in the sea at moderate frequencies, and the consequent departures from the ray-acoustic description (2007)

In the limit where a transient signal is comprised of very large frequencies, spatial regions within an inhomogeneous medium that influence the propagation from a source to a receiver lie along one or more ray paths. At lower frequencies for which the geometrical acoustic approximation is of borderline applicability, the regions that influence such transient signals are extended because of diffraction. Previous research has addressed the numerical determination of those spatial regions that influence propagation at low frequency. The present paper addresses the question of how high the center frequency need be so that the regions of influence are nearly described as ray paths for a model ocean in which the speed of sound increases nearly linearly with depth from a perfectly reflecting surface. Computations indicate that near 2500 Hz and at a range of 50 km, the region of influence resembles a ray. Noticeable departures from the ray picture are found at a range of 500 km. Various physical and mathematical causes for the departures from the ray propagation model for lower frequencies and for greater ranges are identified and discussed. [Work supported by the ONR.]
Single-shot wavelength meter on a photonic chip for absolute distance measurement using frequency scanning interferometry (2022)

A chip-scale solid-state wavelength measuring device based on a silicon photonics platform is presented. It has no moving parts and allows single-shot wavelength measurement with high precision over a nominal bandwidth of 40 nm in the Oband. The wavemeter design is based on multimode interferometer (MMI) couplers and a multi-band Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) structure with exponentially increasing optical path differences and in-phase quadrature detection. The design of the MMI couplers is supported by simulations using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) method. The design, experimental evaluation, and calibration of the device are discussed. Observed performance indicates a spectral support of 38.069 nm (i.e., frequency bandwidth 6.608 THz), with a resolution of 8.3 pm (1σ), corresponding to 1 part in 4,587. This wavelength meter approach has emerged from a need in absolute distance measurements using frequency scanning interferometry, where knowledge of the instantaneous wavelength of a tunable laser is required to relate signal frequency with target range. We also present an adaptive delay line on a chip, demonstrate its use for range measurements, and suggest how the wavelength meter could evolve for real-time applications.
Effect of Organic Poultry Purchase Frequency on Consumer Attitudes Toward Organic Poultry Meat (2010)

This study obtained a better knowledge of consumers' attitudes and perception of organic chicken as well as the effect of various demographics on the likelihood of buying organic chicken. For marketing purposes of organic meats, it helps to know which attributes consumers perceive as important, where the consumer purchases organic chicken, and what the perceived availability of organic chicken is. Additionally, the motivation and deterrent factors are described indicating why the consumer does or does not purchase organic chicken. This information can be valuable to help promoting organic meats to the consumers.
Usporedba mogućnosti alata Blander i Autodesk Maya za 3D modeliranje (2020)

U ovome radu usporedit će se mogućnosti alata za 3D modeliranje: Blender i Autodesk Maya. U uvodnome dijelu definirat će se 3D modeliranje i opisati metode koje se često primjenjuju. U glavnom dijelu će se detaljno prikazati navedeni alati te u istima opisati postupak izgradnje modela srednje složenosti na konkretnom primjeru iz svakodnevnog života, čekiću. Na kraju rada dana je kritička usporedba dvaju korištenih alata te njihove prednosti i nedostatci.
Youth gangs, delinquency and drug use: a test of the selection, facilitation, and enhancement hypotheses (2005)

Preventing the creation and participation in such gangs should reduce the frequency of antisocial behaviour during adolescence.
Developing predictive assays: The phenotypic screening “rule of 3” (2015)

Phenotypic drug discovery approaches can positively affect the translation of preclinical findings to patients. However, not all phenotypic assays are created equal. A critical question then follows: What are the characteristics of the optimal assays? We analyze this question and propose three specific criteria related to the disease relevance of the assay-system, stimulus, and end point-to help design the most predictive phenotypic assays.
Greedy learning of Markov network structure (2010)

Markov Random Fields (MRFs), a.k.a. Graphical Models, serve as popular models for networks in the social and biological sciences, as well as communications and signal processing. A central problem is one of structure learning or model selection: given samples from the MRF, determine the graph structure of the underlying distribution. When the MRF is not Gaussian (e.g. the Ising model) and contains cycles, structure learning is known to be NP hard even with infinite samples. Existing approaches typically focus either on specific parametric classes of models, or on the sub-class of graphs with bounded degree; the complexity of many of these methods grows quickly in the degree bound. We develop a simple new `greedy' algorithm for learning the structure of graphical models of discrete random variables. It learns the Markov neighborhood of a node by sequentially adding to it the node that produces the highest reduction in conditional entropy. We provide a general sufficient condition for exact structure recovery (under conditions on the degree/girth/correlation decay), and study its sample and computational complexity. We then consider its implications for the Ising model, for which we establish a self-contained condition for exact structure recovery.
A Distributed and Privacy-Aware Speed Advisory System for Optimising Conventional and Electric Vehicles Networks (2015)

One of the key ideas to make Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) work effectively is to deploy advanced communication and cooperative control technologies among the vehicles and road infrastructures. In this spirit, we propose a consensus-based distributed speed advisory system that optimally determines a recommended common speed for a given area in order that the group emissions, or group battery consumptions, are minimised. Our algorithms achieve this in a privacy-aware manner; namely, individual vehicles do not reveal in-vehicle information to other vehicles or to infrastructure. A mobility simulator is used to illustrate the efficacy of the algorithm, and hardware-in-the-loop tests involving a real vehicle are given to illustrate user acceptability and ease of the deployment.
Design, complexing and catalytic properties of phosphorus thiazoles and benzothiazoles: a concise overview (2019)

Playing with the versatile reactivity of thiazole and phosphorus derivatives leads to active ligands and complexes in catalysis.
Spectrally tunable infrared plasmonic F,Sn:In2O3 nanocrystal cubes (2020)

A synthetic challenge in faceted metal oxide nanocrystals (NCs) is realizing tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) near-field response in the infrared (IR). Cube-shaped nanoparticles of noble metals exhibit LSPR spectral tunability limited to visible spectral range. Here, we describe the colloidal synthesis of fluorine, tin codoped indium oxide (F,Sn:In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) NC cubes with tunable IR range LSPR for around 10 nm particle sizes. Free carrier concentration is tuned through controlled Sn dopant incorporation, where Sn is an aliovalent n-type dopant in the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> lattice. F shapes the NC morphology into cubes by functioning as a surfactant on the {100} crystallographic facets. Cube shaped F,Sn:In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCs exhibit narrow, shape-dependent multimodal LSPR due to corner, edge, and face centered modes. Monolayer NC arrays are fabricated through a liquid-air interface assembly, further demonstrating tunable LSPR response as NC film nanocavities that can heighten near-field enhancement (NFE). The tunable F,Sn:In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NC near-field is coupled with PbS quantum dots, via the Purcell effect. The detuning frequency between the nanocavity and exciton is varied, resulting in IR near-field dependent enhanced exciton lifetime decay. LSPR near-field tunability is directly visualized through IR range scanning transmission electron microscopy-electron energy loss spectroscopy (STEM-EELS). STEM-EELS mapping of the spatially confined near-field in the F,Sn:In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NC array interparticle gap demonstrates elevated NFE tunability in the arrays.
Synthesis and Mechanical Properties of Nb2AlC and (Ti,Nb)2AlC. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Immunogenicity of an Accelerated Vaccination Regime with a Combined Hepatitis A/B Vaccine in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C (2003)

This study is the first to have demonstrated that the accelerated combined hepatitis A/B vaccination is both safe and highly immunogenic against HAV and HBV in HCV-infected patients with well compensated liver disease.