gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Application of Photolithographically Patternable Deep Blue Emitting Poly(3,6-Dimethoxy-9,9-dialkylsilafluorene)s (2013)

Poly(silafluorene)s (PSFs) are promising light-emitting materials with brilliant solid-state blue luminescence, high quantum efficiency, excellent solubility, and improved thermal and chemical stability. PSFs are reported to have high electron affinity and conductivity originating from σ*-π* conjugation between the σ*-antibonding orbital of the exocyclic Si-C bond and the π* antibonding orbital of the butadiene fragment, a promising characteristic for improved charge carrier balance in OLEDs. In this paper, we present a protocol for photopatterning derivatives of poly(3,6-dimethoxy-9,9-dialkylsilafluorenes) with resolutions exceeding 10 μm. The procedure begins by converting polymers (Mn = 50-55 kg/mol, PDI = 1.8) with cyclohexenyl and norbornenyl containing side chains to their respective epoxides using the Prilezhaev reaction and m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (m-CPBA). Using the I-line (365 nm) of a Karl Suss MA6 mask aligner, a 1 s UV light exposure of the photoacid generator (PAG) bis(4-tert-butylphenyl)iodonium hexafluoro-phosphate (DtBPI-PF6) generates sufficient protons to catalyze epoxide ring-opening and form a bridging network of covalent C-O bonds which renders the material insoluble in developing solvents such as toluene or THF. The resultant cross-linked material possess characteristic blue photoluminescence with solid state quantum yields >80%. Polymer films have excellent transparency (with a measured Eg ≈ 3.0 eV). Energy levels determined using cyclic voltammetry were -5.7 and -2.7 eV for HOMO and LUMO, respectively. Additionally, several device applications are demonstrated which incorporate cross-linked films. These include examples of solid state lasing in the region of 420-450 nm from cross-linked films on second order corrugated silica substrates (Λ = 200 nm). OLEDs were also prepared with a cross-linked emitting layer as part of a trilayer device which we report to have a maximum external quantum efficiency of 3.2% at 33 mA/cm(2) and a stable blue-violet emission with an electroluminescence maximum at 410 nm. Photopatternable PSF epoxides are also shown to be efficient hosts for Förster energy transfer and we provide examples of pattern layers incorporating small molecule emitters which emit in both the red and green while blue emission of the host is effectively suppressed.
Wrist-wearable bioelectrical impedance analyzer with miniature electrodes for daily obesity management (2021)

Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used to analyze human body composition by applying a small alternating current through the body and measuring the impedance. The smaller the electrode of a BIA device, the larger the impedance measurement error due to the contact resistance between the electrode and human skin. Therefore, most commercial BIA devices utilize electrodes that are large enough (i.e., 4 × 1400 mm<sup>2</sup>) to counteract the contact resistance effect. We propose a novel method of compensating for contact resistance by performing 4-point and 2-point measurements alternately such that body impedance can be accurately estimated even with considerably smaller electrodes (outer electrodes: 68 mm<sup>2</sup>; inner electrodes: 128 mm<sup>2</sup>). Additionally, we report the use of a wrist-wearable BIA device with single-finger contact measurement and clinical test results from 203 participants at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital. The correlation coefficient and standard error of estimate of percentage body fat were 0.899 and 3.76%, respectively, in comparison with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. This result exceeds the performance level of the commercial upper-body portable body fat analyzer (Omron HBF-306). With a measurement time of 7 s, this sensor technology is expected to provide a new possibility of a wearable bioelectrical impedance analyzer, toward obesity management.
An Energy Efficient and Elastic Edge-Cloud for Computational Sensing in Smart Geriatric Homes (2022)

One of the recent transformations in edge computing realm is an emerging computing model known as "edge-cloud computing" which mimics the cloud computing behavior on edge platforms. These hybrid platforms are in demand as they provide privacy preserving computation for always-on sensor nodes at the edge. Conventionally, they have been implemented using off-the-shelf cloud management frameworks in micro data-centers, but at the cost of increased physical volume, power consumption and portability. Alternatively, Single Board Computers (SBCs) have evolved significantly in terms of computing capability and form factor, and consequently, SBC-clusters are now being exploited for the purpose. This paper presents an energy efficient edge-cloud platform that leverages the scalability of low-cost slave clusters along with an architecture tailored for computational sensing in ambient care facilities. For instance, monitoring activities of daily living in a smart elderly care home presents challenges such as variation in occupancy rate and increased demand for time-critical processing/actuation, like detecting falls. This results in several challenges such as sudden increase in data traffic as well as increased energy consumption on the worker nodes. The proposed architecture mitigates this by virtue of computational sensing and efficient task allocation among the slave-clusters. The computing capability of the platform has been demonstrated using an ensemble action recognition classifier. The monthly power budget for the same has been estimated using a behavior model derived from an existing human occupancy data-set. The results illustrate the potential of this platform to aid computational sensing workloads at-scale.
Research mentor: a tool to aid in the training of scientific investigators (1996)

Abstract We describe an intelligent mentor for teaching the ability to think scientifically. The student is given an arbitrary starting place in the matrix of knowledge surrounding an area of biomedical research. He/she then proposes hypotheses and supporting experiments which are checked against the knowledge base for agreement, consistency or contradiction. Agreement or consistency results in the report of successful experiments, thus advancing the student's “state‐of‐the‐art.” Contradiction results in failure of the experiment to support the hypothesis. In either case, a new hypothesis can then be proposed and tested, each step being potentially contingent on results of the last. The knowledge base upon which the system operates is a frame‐based implementation of the Biomatrix, augmented with pointers to literature citations. Each object (hypotheses, experiments, cells, animals, etc.) is described in terms of its properties and its relations to other objects. Thus, the matrix is represented as a semantic network. Other objects create the relations among the hypotheses, subhypotheses, experiments and other parts of the knowledge base. This system provides experiential learning at a rate determined by the student, while saving costly resources.
In-Service Safety Performance Evaluation of Roadside Concrete Barriers (2012)

Safety-shaped concrete barriers have been the most widely used rigid roadside barriers to shield errant motorists from roadside hazards or obstacles. These barriers are designed to lift impacting vehicles up and thereby extend the duration of impact and reduce the peak decelerations on the vehicle. However, safety-shaped concrete barriers tend to produce rollovers due to excessive vehicle climbing. Vertical concrete barriers, on the other hand, do not have the advantage of reducing impact forces by lifting the vehicle up, but they do produce lower roll angles. The objective of this research was to evaluate which of these two barrier profiles is the safest based on real-world vehicle crash data. The safest profile was defined as the one that produced lower driver injury severity levels and rollover propensity. It was found that safety-shaped barriers are more likely to produce rollovers as compared to vertical barriers. It was also found that crashes involving safety-shaped barriers tended to result in more severe driver injury levels. This finding was not statistically significant though. However, rollovers were found to significantly increase driver injury severity levels. Therefore, it is believed that the expanded use of vertical concrete barriers should improve overall highway safety.
Ultrasound is a reliable and faster tool for confirmation of endotracheal intubation compared to chest auscultation and capnography when performed by novice anaesthesia residents - A prospective controlled clinical trial (2020)

When teaching endotracheal intubation to novice anesthesia residents using conventional direct laryngoscopy, ultrasonography is the fastest method to confirm correct ETT placement compared to capnograph and chest auscultation. Mentor can guide trainee to direct ETT towards trachea and can promptly detect esophageal intubation by double trachea sign.
PP-Blends with Tailored Foamability and Mechanical Properties (2003)

The optimisation of physical foaming of branched Daploy ™ WB130HMS polypropylene foam resin and corresponding blends with a Polypropylene Blockcopolymer are described in this paper. The resulting foam morphologies of blends consisting of linear and branched polypropylene materials produced at various processing temperatures were studied using a single-screw tandem foam extrusion system and their volume expansion behaviours were compared. Three different die geometry's were tested for physical foaming of PP-blends using 5 and 10 wt% of butane. A correlation between extensional rheology and lower limit of foam density for blends was found. Depending on die geometry the use of different concentrations of branched polypropylene resin in the blends was required to achieve foam densities &lt; 50 kg/m 3 . The influence of foam density and blend ratio on mechanical properties of foams will be discussed on a model and representative samples.
A novel antimicrobial agent reduces oxidative stress in cells (2013)

1,3,5-Tris[(1E)-2′-(4′′-benzoic acid)vinyl]benzene] (Ramizol™) is a potent and non-toxic synthetic antimicrobial agent, and we now establish that it is also a potent inhibitor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, with similar antioxidant activity to α-tocopherol (Vitamin E), which is a standard antioxidantdrug. The results show that Ramizol™ decreases ROS to basal levels in PC12 cells and mouse and guinea pig myocytes, and demonstrate its protective nature from oxidative damage to the cells. The continuing challenge to discover antibiotics with no or few side effects makes Ramizol™ a very attractive candidate for the potential treatment of infections.
The capillary transport system for free fatty acids in the heart. (1994)

The nature of the process by which free fatty acids, which are tightly bound to albumin, traverse the endothelium of cardiac capillaries to reach the cardiac muscle cells, so that they are extracted to a net extent of approximately 40%, needs clarification. Previous studies have indicated that a membrane fatty acid-binding protein provides for carrier-mediated uptake of free fatty acids by isolated hepatocytes, cardiomyocytes, and jejunal mucosal cells. A monoclonal monospecific antibody was prepared against purified membrane fatty acid-binding protein from rat liver. Multiple-indicator dilution experiments were carried out in the isolated rat heart with labeled albumin, sucrose, and palmitate in the presence of control perfusate or perfusate containing either specific antibody or comparable nonspecific myeloma cell supernatant (each of the latter containing additional albumin, in identical concentrations). Analysis of the labeled-sucrose curves provided a permeability-surface area product for sucrose to which that for palmitate could be compared. In comparison with control supernatants, myeloma supernatant produced a minor inhibition of palmitate uptake, as a result of the increase in albumin concentration. The specific antibody, which contained identical albumin concentrations, produced a major inhibition of palmitate uptake, significantly greater than with the myeloma supernatant. The data indicate that the membrane fatty acid-binding protein mediates the transfer of free fatty acid across the endothelial cells of cardiac capillaries for presentation to heart muscle. Passive intramembrane lateral diffusion of palmitate could not provide an explanation for the findings.
Mosquitocidal Chips Containing the Insect Growth Regulator Pyriproxyfen for Control of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) (2019)

Aedes aegypti were exposed to water treated with mosquitocidal chips containing the insecticide pyriproxyfen in a polymer formulation. Chips were tested under different conditions; different water volumes, in containers made of different material, and in water with different levels of organic matter. Treated chips caused 100% mortality of Ae. aegypti during their pupal stage independent of size or type of container, and the mount of organic matter contained in the water to which the mosquito larvae were exposed. When mosquitocidal chips were used in >25% of the oviposition containers within their cages, there was a significant control of the mosquito populations. Mosquitocidal chips worked in different environments, caused significant mosquito population decreases, and were effective in controlling Ae. aegypti.
High electron mobility due to sodium ions in the gate oxide of SiC-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (2011)

Oxidation of SiC with the incorporation of Na in the gate oxide was recently found to lead to significantly enhanced electron mobilities in the SiC inversion layer but the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we report a combination of density functional first-principles calculations and experiments. The new findings demonstrate that neutral Na is essentially a spectator impurity that occupies near interfacial interstitial sites and does not interact with the interface or with interfacial defects. Na ions, however, introduce an effective mass hydrogenic impurity band at the edge of the SiC conduction band that can account for the observed effects.
SiAM - Situation-Adaptive Multimodal Interaction for Innovative Mobility Concepts of the Future (2015)

What does situation-adaptive technology mean for car drivers and how can it improve their lives? Why is multimodal interaction in the cockpit a critical ingredient? This contribution summarizes several important technological results of the three-year research project SiAM, which investigated these questions. Motivated by the story of an urban commuter, we illustrate three use cases for situation adaptivity: multimodal control of car functions, cognitive load aware interaction with the environment, and a persuasive intermodal travel assistant.
Implant isolation in an indium phosphide optoelectronic device: A scanning spreading resistance microscopy study (2004)

Scanning spreading resistance microscopy has been used to delineate the implant isolated regions of an InP optoelectronic device. This scanning probe microscopy-based technique provides direct insight into the effect of helium implant isolation on the electrical conductivity of the material. The nanometer-scale resolution of the technique allows us to directly image the implanted region of the device structure. The results of the scanning probe measurements are compared with theoretical simulations of the helium implant damage. The optimal implant isolation conditions were determined by direct measurements of the series resistance across implanted and reference device material. The scanning spreading resistance microscopy results were able to provide fundamental insight explaining the implant conditions required for optimal isolation.
Parkinson mutations in DNAJC6 cause lipid defects and neurodegeneration that are rescued by Synj1 (2022)

ABSTRACT Recent evidence links dysfunctional lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease, but the mechanisms are not resolved. Here, we created a new Drosophila knock-in model of DNAJC6/Auxilin and find that the pathogenic mutation causes synaptic dysfunction, neurological defects and neurodegeneration, as well as specific lipid metabolism alterations. In these mutants membrane lipids containing long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, including phosphatidylinositol lipid species that are key for synaptic vesicle recycling and organelle function are reduced. Overexpression of another protein mutated in Parkinson’s disease, Synaptojanin-1, known to bind and synthesize specific phosphoinositides, strongly rescues the DNAJC6/Auxilin neuronal defects and neurodegeneration. Our work reveals a functional relation between two proteins mutated in Parkinson’s disease and implicates deregulated phosphoinositide metabolism in the maintenance of neuronal integrity and neuronal survival in Parkinsonism.
A Bilayer to Monolayer Phase Transition in Liquid Crystal Glycolipids. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Blockade of Human Group X Secreted Phospholipase A2 (GX-sPLA2)-induced Airway Inflammation and Hyperresponsiveness in a Mouse Asthma Model by a Selective GX-sPLA2 Inhibitor (2011)

Group X (GX) phospholipase A(2), a member of a large group of secreted phospholipases A(2) (sPLA(2)s), has recently been demonstrated to play an important in vivo role in the release of arachidonic acid and subsequent formation of eicosanoids. In a Th2 cytokine-driven mouse asthma model, deficiency of mouse GX (mGX)-sPLA(2) significantly impairs development of the asthma phenotype. In this study, we generated mGX-sPLA(2)(-/-) mice with knock-in of human GX (hGX)-sPLA(2) (i.e. hGX-sPLA(2)(+/+) knock-in mice) to understand more fully the role of GX-sPLA(2) in these allergic pulmonary responses and to assess the effect of pharmacological blockade of the GX-sPLA(2)-mediated responses. Knock-in of hGX-sPLA(2) in mGX-sPLA(2)(-/-) mice restored the allergen-induced airway infiltration by inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, goblet cell metaplasia, and hyperresponsiveness to methacholine in the mGX-sPLA(2)-deficient mice. This knock-in mouse model enabled the use of a highly potent indole-based inhibitor of hGX-sPLA(2), RO061606 (which is ineffective against mGX-sPLA(2)), to assess the potential utility of GX-sPLA(2) blockade as a therapeutic intervention in asthma. Delivery of RO061606 via mini-osmotic pumps enabled the maintenance in vivo in the mouse asthma model of plasma inhibitor concentrations near 10 μm, markedly higher than the IC(50) for inhibition of hGX-sPLA(2) in vitro. RO061606 significantly decreased allergen-induced airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion, and hyperresponsiveness in the hGX-sPLA(2)(+/+) knock-in mouse. Thus, development of specific hGX-sPLA(2) inhibitors may provide a new pharmacological opportunity for the treatment of patients with asthma.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy‐EPR/ESR (2020)

Summary Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, also known as electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR), utilizes absorption of microwave radiation by unpaired electrons in a magnetic field. The interaction between the unpaired electron(s) and nearby magnetic nuclei helps identify paramagnetic species and can provide information about the motion of the molecule and the local polarity, pH, viscosity, concentration, and accessibility to other paramagnetic species. This mini‐review discusses the fundamental underpinnings of EPR needed to correctly interpret EPR spectra. We describe various types of EPR spectra encountered by chemical engineers, and use application examples drawn from the chemical engineering literature to illustrate the information available from the technique. Few chemical engineering departments or even chemistry departments have EPR instruments, which contributes to the significant barrier that prevents this being adopted as a routine measurement technique. However, in 2016 and 2017, Web of Science indexed 7000 articles that applied EPR spectroscopy. A bibliometric map categorized the keywords in four categories based on co‐occurrences: magnetic properties, films, and luminescence; crystal structure, complexes, and ligands; nanoparticles, oxidation, and degradation; and, systems, radicals, and H 2 O 2 .
Sequence Identification, Recombinant Production, and Analysis of the Self-Assembly of Egg Stalk Silk Proteins from Lacewing Chrysoperla carnea (2017)

Egg stalk silks of the common green lacewing <i>Chrysoperla carnea</i> likely comprise at least three different silk proteins. Based on the natural spinning process, it was hypothesized that these proteins self-assemble without shear stress, as adult lacewings do not use a spinneret. To examine this, the first sequence identification and determination of the gene expression profile of several silk proteins and various transcript variants thereof was conducted, and then the three major proteins were recombinantly produced in <i>Escherichia coli</i> encoded by their native complementary DNA (cDNA) sequences. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that the silk proteins in aqueous solutions had a mainly intrinsically disordered structure. The largest silk protein, which we named ChryC1, exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior and self-assembled into fibers or film morphologies, depending on the conditions used. The second silk protein, ChryC2, self-assembled into nanofibrils and subsequently formed hydrogels. Circular dichroism and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed conformational changes of both proteins into beta sheet rich structures upon assembly. ChryC3 did not self-assemble into any morphology under the tested conditions. Thereby, through this work, it could be shown that recombinant lacewing silk proteins can be produced and further used for studying the fiber formation of lacewing egg stalks.
Synthesis and Phase Transformation of Ca10(PO4)6S Sulfoapatite by Solid‐state Reaction with Sulfur Vapor (2008)

The calcium sulfoapatites, Ca10(PO4)6S, could be successfully synthesized only using oxide starting materials with sulfur vapor under H2 atmosphere instead of toxic H2S gas, and then the dependence of phase transformations and luminescent properties on the post‐annealing conditions was investigated. Ca‐sulfoapatites were transformed to Ca‐hydroxyapatites, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 and β‐Ca3(PO4)2 by post‐annealing at H2 and air atmosphere, respectively. Luminescent properties of europium doped these apatites strongly depended on the annealing temperatures and atmosphere, resulting in blue and red emissions.
Cellular Response of Polyvalent Oligonucleotide—Gold Nanoparticle Conjugates* (2020)

Nanoparticles are finding utility in myriad biotechnological applications, including gene regulation, intracellular imaging, and medical diagnostics. This chapter uses genome-wide expression profiling to study the biological response of HeLa cells to gold nanoparticles functionalized with nucleic acids. It finds that the biological response to gold nanoparticles stabilized by weakly bound surface ligands is significant, yet when these same nanoparticles are stably functionalized with covalently attached nucleic acids, the cell shows no measurable response. One nanomaterial that is particularly promising for therapeutic and diagnostic applications is the polyvalent oligonucleotide–gold nanoparticle. Consisting of a gold core densely functionalized with DNA or RNA surface ligands, this nanomaterial exhibits many surprising properties as a result of its high surface density. DNA was synthesized using an Expedite 8909 Nucleotide Synthesis System using solid-phase phosphoramidite chemistry.
The Design and Synthesis of a Scaffold for Combinatorial Chemistry Based on Bile Acid (1996)

A complete β-turn can be mimicked by the tetrapeptide mimetic 1, which can thus be built into peptides with unambiguous directionality. Mimetic 1 was prepared from chenodeoxycholic acid, and is very interesting as a building block for compound libraries of β-turn mimics. ℗ = polymer support.