gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 169: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2: Species-Specific Features and Pharmacologic Characterization by RAS Fingerprinting (2012)

The carboxypeptidase Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a crucial player of the Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) as it balances the ratio between vasoconstrictive and fibrotic Angiotensin II and vasodilative and anti-fibrotic Angiotensin 1-7. This balance is affected by ACE2 either by direct conversion of Angiotensin II to Angiotensin 1-7, or by cleavage of Angiotensin I to Angiotensin 1-9, which is further converted to Ang 1-7 by Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) or Neutral Endopeptidase (NEP). An increased activity of ACE2 leads to a shift of the RAS towards an Angiotensin 1-7 dominated pattern, which was shown to be protective in various models of cardiovascular and fibrotic diseases. We performed a comparative pharmacologic characterization of recombinant murine and human ACE2 using natural peptide substrates for the evaluation of the substrate specific ACE2 activity in whole blood. Furthermore, we investigated the impact of ACE2 activators and inhibitors on murine and human ACE2 in whole blood using an LC-MS/MS based approach allowing the simultaneous quantification of 10 different angiotensin peptides (RAS-Fingerprinting). The investigation of inhibitors and activators of ACE2 using our experimental setting revealed the presence of species-specific enzymatic features, which was indicated by differences between the human and murine enzyme regarding the susceptibility to pharmacologic manipulation and the specificity for different endogenous peptide substrates. Our studies demonstrate that sequence diversity observed between recombinant human and murine ACE2 significantly affects substrate specificity and pharmacologic enzyme properties. The utilization of Angiotensin I by ACE2 generates Angiotensin 1-7 via Angiotensin 1-9 and represents a pathway of alternative RAS activation, which might have been systematically underestimated in previous studies. The strongly reduced affinity of murine ACE2 for Angiotensin I results in a lack of production of Angiotensin 1-7 via this pathway, which might be of particular importance during anti-hypertensive treatments with ACE inhibitors, where the formation of Angiotensin II is prevented while increased levels of Angiotensin I are observed in circulation.
Presence of HPV, EBV and HMTV Viruses Among Egyptian Breast Cancer Women: Molecular Detection and Clinical Relevance (2021)

WBCs could be a more suitable specimen instead of fresh tissue for HMTV detection in BC patients to avoid invasive procedures. The presence of HPV, EBV, and HMTV together in Egyptian women with BC was significantly associated with younger age.
Combination of Multi-component Streamer Pressure and Vertical Particle Velocity - Theory and Application to Data (2012)

In this paper, we generalize the optimal deghosting (ODG) method used for deghosting over/under data to combine pressure (P) and vertical velocity (Z) data recorded with a multi-component streamer to minimize the impact of the noise on the deghosted data. The ODG approach uses pressure and velocity ghost models and the statistics of the residual noise to minimize, in a least-squares sense, the noise on the up-going/deghosted wavefield. ODG and the standard PZ summation (PZSUM) combinations are applied to pressure and velocity data recorded in the North Sea. We show that both methods attenuate the receiver ghost, fill in information at the pressure notch frequencies and that ODG has the least post-combination noise level. We also show pre- and post-stack vertical velocity data with encouraging signal-to-noise ratios. Finally, in order to further improve the PZ deghosted data, we suggest a toolbox approach that takes advantage of both ODG and PZSUM combinations and accounts for the varying signal-to-noise ratios observed on multi-component streamer data.
Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier Flattened Beyond 40 nm Using Long-Period Grating (1997)

A high-aluminum silica-based erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) can produce gain flatness within 1 dB (for a 20 dB gain) over a 20 nm bandwidth.1
157-nm single-layer resist based on novel monocyclic fluorinated polymer (2004)

Fluorinated polymers are key materials for single-layer resists used in 157-nm lithography. We have been studying fluorinated polymers to determine their potential for use as the base resin and have developed a new monocyclic fluorinated polymer that has high transmittance (an absorption coefficient of 0.1 &#956;m<sup>-1</sup>) at a 157-nm exposure wavelength and high dry-etching resistance (a dry-etching rate of 1.86 times that of a KrF resist) under hard mask dry-etching conditions. Moreover, it has a high dissolution rate in standard aqueous tetramethylammoniumhydroxide developer (a dissolution rate of more than 600 nm/s). Using this polymer with adamanthylmethoxymethyl as a protecting group, we were able to resolve a 60-nm line-and-space pattern using a 0.90 numerical aperture 157-nm laser micro-stepper along with a resolution-enhancement alternating phase-shift mask technique. This polymer has enabled both high dry-etching resistance (a dry-etching rate equal to 1.43 times that of a KrF resist) and good imaging performance.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (2R,3S)‐3‐Hydroxypipecolic Acid δ‐Lactam Derivatives. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Operative Treatment of Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (1998)

Operative intervention is recommended in patients with an asymptomatic increase in serum calcium to >12.0 mg/dl persisting for >1 year after the transplant, acute hypercalcemia (calcium >12.5 mg/dl) in the immediate posttransplant period, and symptomatic hypercalcemia.
Photonic crystal light-emitting sources (2012)

Photonic crystals (PhCs) are periodically structured optical media offering the opportunity for spontaneous emission (SpE) to be strongly controlled in spatial terms (directions) or in absolute terms (rates). We discuss the application of this concept for practical light-emitting sources, summarizing the principles and actual merits of various approaches based on two- and three-dimensional PhCs. We take into consideration the numerous constraints on real-world light-emitting structures and materials. The various mechanisms through which modified photonic bands and band gaps can be used are first revisited in view of their use in light sources. We then present an in-depth discussion of planar emitters and enhanced extraction of light thanks to grating diffraction. Applications to conventional III-V semiconductors and to III-nitrides are reviewed. Comparison with random surface roughening reveals some common physical limitations. Some advanced approaches with complex structures or etched active structures are also discussed. Finally, the most promising mechanism to enhance the SpE rate, the Purcell effect, is considered. Its implementation, including through plasmonic effects, is shown to be effective only for very specific sources. We conclude by outlining the mix of physics and material parameters needed to grasp the relevant issues.
Asymmetric Wavefront Aberrations and Pupillary Shapes Induced by Electrical Stimulation of Ciliary Nerve in Cats Measured with Compact Wavefront Aberrometer (2014)

To investigate the changes in the wavefront aberrations and pupillary shape in response to electrical stimulation of the branches of the ciliary nerves in cats. Seven eyes of seven cats were studied under general anesthesia. Trains of monophasic pulses (current, 0.1 to 1.0 mA; duration, 0.5 ms/phase; frequency, 5 to 40 Hz) were applied to the lateral or medial branch of the short ciliary nerve near the posterior pole of the eye. A pair of electrodes was hooked onto one or both branch of the short ciliary nerve. The electrodes were placed about 5 mm from the scleral surface. The wavefront aberrations were recorded continuously for 2 seconds before, 8 seconds during, and for 20 seconds after the electrical stimulation. The pupillary images were simultaneously recorded during the stimulation period. Both the wavefront aberrations and the pupillary images were obtained 10 times/sec with a custom-built wavefront aberrometer. The maximum accommodative amplitude was 1.19 diopters (D) produced by electrical stimulation of the short ciliary nerves. The latency of the accommodative changes was very short, and the accommodative level gradually increased up to 4 seconds and reached a plateau. When only one branch of the ciliary nerve was stimulated, the pupil dilated asymmetrically, and the oblique astigmatism and one of the asymmetrical wavefront terms was also altered. Our results showed that the wavefront aberrations and pupillary dilations can be measured simultaneously and serially with a compact wavefront aberrometer. The asymmetric pupil dilation and asymmetric changes of the wavefront aberrations suggest that each branch of the ciliary nerve innervates specific segments of the ciliary muscle and dilator muscle of the pupil.
Skin Manifestations of Cushing Disease in Children and Adolescents Before and After the Resolution of Hypercortisolemia (1998)

Cushing disease (CD) is a common cause of endogenous hypercortisolism in childhood. Its skin manifestations include striae, facial acne, hirsutism, acanthosis nigricans, fungal infections, hyperpigmentation and easy bruisability. We followed 36 children and adolescents with CD (14 boys and 22 girls), to define the natural history of skin disease in endogenous hypercortisolism. Physical examination and 24 hour urinary free cortisol (UFC) and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OHS) excretion values were obtained preoperatively and quarterly for 18 months. Preoperatively our patients exhibited purple subcutaneous striae (77.7%), steroid-induced acne (58.3%), hirsutism (63.7% of the 22 girls), acanthosis nigricans (27.7%), ecchymoses (27.7%), hyperpigmentation (16.6%), and fungal infections (11.1%). The levels of UFC and 17-OHS preoperatively were 351.84+/-243.85 microg/m2/day (mean+/-SD) and 17.92+/-7.86 mg/g creatinine/day, respectively. No correlation was found between these levels and the severity of the lesions. All patients were cured. Symptoms decreased dramatically within the 3 postoperative months and progressively disappeared within the first year of the follow-up period with the exception of light-colored striae; they were present in 5.6% of the patients at 18 months postoperatively. No acanthosis nigricans or hyperpigmentation were observed at 3 months postoperatively. Hirsutism was not present at 9 months postoperatively. We conclude that in children with CD the skin is affected at multiple sites; however, the severity of the manifestations does not correlate with the biochemical indices of the disease. With the exception of striae, cutaneous effects of endogenous hypercortisolism completely heal within the first year after surgical cure of the disease.
Growth rate of Enterobacteriaceae at elevated temperatures: limitation by methionine (1975)

The effect of elevated temperatures on growth rate was studied in five strains of Enterobacteriaceae. In all the strains tested a shift to the elevated temperature resulted in an immediate decrease in growth rate which was due to limitation in the availability of endogenous methionine. The first biosynthetic enzyme of the methionine pathway-homoserine transsuccinylase-was studied in extracts of Aerobacter aerogenes, Salmonella typhimurium, and Escherichia coli and was shown to be temperature sensitive in all of them.
Is Suppression Just Normal Dichoptic Masking? Suprathreshold Considerations (2016)

The results from our amblyopes show comparable losses of contrast perception at and above threshold under these binocular viewing conditions across a wide spatial frequency range, much stronger than that observed for our controls. This occurs under conditions in which there should be no dichoptic masking. Furthermore, the matching contrast could be well predicted by the monocular contrast sensitivity. Altogether, this suggests that amblyopic suppression cannot be explained by normal dichoptic masking but rather an attenuation of the input.
Polyhydroxymethylenes as Multifunctional High Molecular Weight Sugar Alcohols Tailored for 3D Printing and Medical Applications (2020)

Abstract Common sugar alcohols used as artificial sweeteners and components of polymer networks represent low molecular weight polyhydroxymethylenes (PHMs) with the general formula [CH(OH)] n H 2 but very low degree of polymerization ( n = 2–6). Herein high molecular weight PHM ( n &gt;&gt; 100) unparalleled in nature is tailored for 3D printing and medical applications by free radical polymerization of 1,3‐dioxol‐2‐one vinylene carbonate to produce polyvinylene carbonate (PVCA) which yields PHM by hydrolysis. Furthermore, PVCA is solution processable and enables PHM functionalization, membrane formation, and extrusion‐based 3D printing. Opposite to cellulose, amorphous PHM is plasticized by water and is readily functionalized via PVCA aminolysis/hydrolysis to produce polyhydroxymethylene urethane (PHMU), enable PHM crosslinking and coupling of PHM with amine‐functional components like gelatin. After hydrolysis/aminolysis the original PVCA shapes are retained. PVCA solution casting yields PVCA and PHM which exhibits uniform and hierarchic pore architectures. Asymmetric membranes, hydrogels, PHM/collagen blends, and electrospun nonwovens of PVCA, PHM, and PHMU are readily tailored for medical applications. 3D printing of PVCA dispersions containing hydroxyapatite affords porous PVCA, PHMU, and PHM scaffolds useful in regenerative medicine. PHM and functionalized PHMs as carbohydrate‐inspired multifunctional materials indicate in vitro biocompatibility and hold great promise for applications in medicine and health care.
Report of 1,000 Kidney Transplants at the Sungkyunkwan University of Korea (2009)

Background: This study aims to report clinical outcome and long term graft and patient survival rate of one thousand kidney transplantation. We analyzed risk factors that impact on graft survival in the 1,000 case of kidney transplantation through this study.
Magnetic Superlattices with Variable Interlayer Exchange Coupling: A New Approach for the Investigation of Low-Dimensional Magnetism (2003)

We have investigated the magnetic order in an [Fe(2)/(VHx)(13)] x 200 superlattice as a function of temperature and hydrogen content in the vanadium layers. A J(radially)-T magnetic phase diagram was established where J(radially) denotes the interlayer exchange coupling between adjacent Fe planes. We propose that Fe/V superlattices, in which the ratio of interlayer to intralayer coupling can be tuned continuously and reversibly via hydrogen in the nonmagnetic vanadium, offer a new approach for the study of low-dimensional magnetism and crossover effects near the transition from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic order.
Oxidative Reactivity Difference among the Metal Oxo and Metal Hydroxo Moieties: pH Dependent Hydrogen Abstraction by a Manganese(IV) Complex Having Two Hydroxide Ligands (2008)

Clarifying the difference in redox reactivity between the metal oxo and metal hydroxo moieties for the same redox active metal ion in identical structures and oxidation states, that is, M(n+)O and M(n+)-OH, contributes to the understanding of nature's choice between them (M(n+)O or M(n+)-OH) as key active intermediates in redox enzymes and electron transfer enzymes, and provides a basis for the design of synthetic oxidation catalysts. The newly synthesized manganese(IV) complex having two hydroxide ligands, [Mn(Me(2)EBC)(2)(OH)(2)](PF(6))(2), serves as the prototypic example to address this issue, by investigating the difference in the hydrogen abstracting abilities of the Mn(IV)O and Mn(IV)-OH functional groups. Independent thermodynamic evaluations of the O-H bond dissociation energies (BDE(OH)) for the corresponding reduction products, Mn(III)-OH and Mn(III)-OH(2), reveal very similar oxidizing power for Mn(IV)O and Mn(IV)-OH (83 vs 84.3 kcal/mol). Experimental tests showed that hydrogen abstraction proceeds at reasonable rates for substrates having BDE(CH) values less than 82 kcal/mol. That is, no detectable reaction occurred with diphenyl methane (BDE(CH) = 82 kcal/mol) for both manganese(IV) species. However, kinetic measurements for hydrogen abstraction showed that at pH 13.4, the dominant species Mn(Me(2)EBC)(2)(O)(2), having only Mn(IV)O groups, reacts more than 40 times faster than the Mn(IV)-OH unit in Mn(Me(2)EBC)(2)(OH)(2)(2+), the dominant reactant at pH 4.0. The activation parameters for hydrogen abstraction from 9,10-dihydroanthracene were determined for both manganese(IV) moieties: over the temperature range 288-318 K for Mn(IV)(OH)(2)(2+), DeltaH(double dagger) = 13.1 +/- 0.7 kcal/mol, and DeltaS(double dagger) = -35.0 +/- 2.2 cal K(-1) mol(-1); and the temperature range 288-308 K for for Mn(IV)(O)(2), DeltaH(double dagger) = 12.1 +/- 1.8 kcal/mol, and DeltaS(double dagger) = -30.3 +/- 5.9 cal K(-1) mol(-1).
A phase I dose escalation (DE) study of ERK inhibitor, LY3214996, in advanced (adv) cancer (CA) patients (pts). (2019)

3001 Background: LY3214996 is a selective and potent ERK1/2 inhibitor that has demonstrated tumor growth inhibition in several pre-clinical tumor models with BRAF, RAS, or MAP2K1 mutations. This is the first-in-human Phase 1 Study of LY3214996 in adv CA pts. Methods: The goals of this DE study were to determine a recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D), safety, pharmacokinetic (PK), and preliminary efficacy of LY3214996 (NCT02857270; I8S-MC-JUAB; Eli Lilly &amp; Co.). Pts with adv CA, ≥18 yrs of age, ECOG ≤1, and with adequate organ function were eligible. Pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarkers including pRSK were evaluated in blood and paired tumor tissue. The DE phase evaluated PO doses using the Bayesian model-based toxicity band method. Results: A total of 51 pts with median age of 62 yrs (range: 21-81) received at least 1 dose of LY3214996 with a median of 3 cycles (range: 1-12). Most pts had a mutation in RAS (N = 33) or BRAF (N = 16) and had a median of 4 prior lines of treatment. The DLTs observed in the study include grade (G) 3 cough and fatigue, G3 dehydration, increased creatinine (Cr), G3 increased CPK, G3 rash &gt; 7 days, and 1 pt with renal failure. TRAEs to LY3214996 occurring in ≥10% of pts included nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dermatitis acneiform, fatigue, pruritus, and blurred vision. LY3214996 exposures increased with dose. Tumor regression was observed in 7 pts with BRAF/non -BRAF mutant CA including 5 pts who failed prior IO/MAPK inhibitors. Four pts achieved stable disease (2 BRAF, 1 RAS and 1 CRAF mutation) that lasted &gt; 4 mos. Up to 100% pRSK decrease from baseline in tumor was observed. Conclusions: LY3214996 had an acceptable safety profile, favorable PK, and potent tumor PD inhibition at RP2D. This supports further exploration of LY3214996 as monotherapy and in combination in CA pts with activating MAPK pathway alterations. Clinical trial information: NCT02857270.
Fitness costs of Vip3A resistance in Spodoptera frugiperda on different hosts (2018)

These findings suggest that recessive fitness costs of reduced pupal weight and growth rate were detected at the individual level in the Vip3A resistant populations of S. frugiperda on sorghum. However, at the population level in terms of net reproductive rate and intrinsic rate, fitness costs of Vip3A resistance was not evident in S. frugiperda. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Managing simple food allergy in community settings: A pilot study investigating a new model of care (2015)

Management of simple food allergy by community paediatricians appears feasible and acceptable to paediatricians and families alike. Future research will evaluate this approach in an adequately powered and controlled trial.
Who, what, when, where, why? (2009)

Cross-lingual tasks are especially difficult due to the compounding effect of errors in language processing and errors in machine translation (MT). In this paper, we present an error analysis of a new cross-lingual task: the 5W task, a sentence-level understanding task which seeks to return the English 5W's (Who, What, When, Where and Why) corresponding to a Chinese sentence. We analyze systems that we developed, identifying specific problems in language processing and MT that cause errors. The best cross-lingual 5W system was still 19% worse than the best monolingual 5W system, which shows that MT significantly degrades sentence-level understanding. Neither source-language nor target-language analysis was able to circumvent problems in MT, although each approach had advantages relative to the other. A detailed error analysis across multiple systems suggests directions for future research on the problem.
H-D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2: a potent and selective antagonist opioid receptors. (1986)

H-D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Orn-Thr-Pen-Thr-NH2 (CTOP) exhibited high affinity (IC50 = 2.80 nM) in displacing [3H]naloxone binding (nH = 0.89 +/- 0.1) and showed an exceptional selectivity for mu opioid receptors with an IC50(DPDPE)/IC50(naloxone) ratio of 4,840, while it displayed very low affinity for somatostatin receptors (IC50 = 22,700 nM) in rat brain binding assays. [3H]CTOP was recently custom synthesized (spec. act.: 84 Ci/mmol) and evaluated for its in vitro binding properties towards the mu opioid receptors in rat brain membrane preparations. Association and dissociation of [3H]CTOP binding to mu opioid receptors were rapid at 25 degrees C with a kinetic Kd value of 0.67 nM. Saturation experiments gave apparent Kd value of 1.11 nM and Bmax value of 136 +/- 13 fmol/mg prot at 25 degrees C. Specific [3H]CTOP binding was inhibited by a number of different opioid and opiate ligands. Among them, putative mu opioid receptor-specific ligands, such as naloxone, naltrexone and CTOP inhibited the binding with high affinity, while delta opioid receptor-specific compounds or non-opioid drugs inhibited specific [3H]CTOP binding with low affinity or they were ineffective.
Combustion driven ammonia generation strategies for passive ammonia SCR system (2023)

A method for controlling ammonia generation in an exhaust gas feedstream output from an internal combustion engine equipped with an exhaust aftertreatment system including a first aftertreatment device includes executing an ammonia generation cycle to generate ammonia on the first aftertreatment device. A desired air-fuel ratio output from the engine and entering the exhaust aftertreatment system conducive for generating ammonia on the first aftertreatment device is determined. Operation of a selected combination of a plurality of cylinders of the engine is selectively altered to achieve the desired air-fuel ratio entering the exhaust aftertreatment system.
Geophysical advertisements in T HE L EADING E DGE (2006)

I have been asked to update the article “History of geophysical technology through advertisements in GEOPHYSICS” that was included in the 50th anniversary issue of GEOPHYSICS in 1985. The advent of THE LEADING EDGE (TLE), which first appeared in June 1982, changed the venue of applied-geophysics ads, hence this contribution.
MULTI-STAGE FREE-FLOW ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING FOR ENHANCED SEPARATION SPEED AND RESOLUTION (2006)

This work presents the first implementation of tandem stages for free-flow isoelectric focusing. Both simple analytical and rigorous computational models for IEF suggest device performance can be improved by utilizing multiple stages to reduce the time required for high resolution separations. A device to test this principle was designed and tested, with fraction analysis by SDS-PAGE. We report the initial results of device characterization, showing separation of four model proteins.