gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical lithography simulation and photoresist optimization for photomask fabrication (1999)

The demand for smaller and more uniform features on photomasks is rapidly increasing. The complexity of these patterns is also increasing with the need for optical proximity correction and phase shifting structures. These complex mask features demand unprecedented accuracy in pattern placement and dimensional control. We have conducted research designed to optimize the process for laser pattern generation by improving resolution and process latitude. Lithographic simulation was utilized for process optimization because of the very high cost of mask patterning and metrology experiments.
Pulse voltage-induced dynamic magnetization switching in magnetic tunneling junctions with high resistance-area product (2012)

We investigated pulse voltage-induced dynamic magnetization switchings in magnetic tunneling junctions with a high resistance-area product of 2 kΩ μm2. We found that bistable switching and the oscillatory behavior of switching probability as a function of voltage pulse duration are realized at a lower current density (−1.1 × 105 A/cm2) than in conventional spin-transfer-torque-induced magnetization switching. In addition, the switching probability at different voltage pulse strengths confirmed the existence of a voltage torque induced by a change in perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. This voltage-induced magnetization switching can be a useful technique in future spintronics devices with fast and highly reliable writing processes.
EARLY OUTCOME FOLLOWING COMPLETE PRIMARY REPAIR OF BLADDER EXSTROPHY IN THE NEWBORN (2005)

We recommend that urethral closure during CPRE be performed with interrupted suture technique to prevent hypospadias. An aggressive approach should be taken toward reflux in the setting of urinary infection. Consideration should be given for repair of all aspects of the defect during CPRE, including bilateral ureteral reimplantation.
Improved organ sparing using auto‐planned Stanford volumetric modulated arc therapy for total body irradiation technique (2023)

Superior lung sparing with improved target coverage and similar global D<sub>max</sub> were observed with the VMAT plans as compared to 2D plans. In addition, VMAT-TBI plans provided greater dose reductions in gonads, kidneys, brain, thyroid, and lenses.
Development of a PCR free, fieldable, rapid, accurate, and sensitive bio-electronic DNA biosensor (2005)

The objective of this study was to demonstrate proof of concept for the Integrated Nano-Technologies BioDetect Bacillus anthracis electronic DNA sensor. B. anthracis Ames strain DNA was successfully detected by the formation of DNA bridges on the sensor. The bridges were coated with metal, resulting in a significant drop in electrical resistance. In this small test, at a relatively high DNA concentration, the overall accuracy of the sensor was 90.7%. The technology shows significant promise for future development as a bio-agent detection system.
Inhibition of ovarian cancer cell proliferation in vivo and incorporation of /sup 3/H-thymidine in vitro after follicle regulatory protein administration (1989)

Follicle regulatory protein immunoreactivity and biologic activity were measured in ascites from a patient with juvenile granulosa cell tumor. Microscopic examination of immunohistochemical staining of a juvenile granulosa cell tumor with anti-follicle regulatory protein antisera showed homogeneous cytosolic expression of follicle regulatory protein throughout the tumor. Tumor cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. Partially purified follicle regulatory protein (50 micrograms/day) was then injected daily for 10 days, or for 25 days once the tumor became palpable. Treatment with follicle regulatory protein significantly slowed the rate of tumor growth with both treatments. To test the tissue specificity of the effect, a metastatic, well-differentiated endometrial adenocarcinoma was also grown in nude mice. Follicle regulatory protein treatment did not alter the rate of tumor growth. An in vitro clonigenic assay confirmed these in vivo results. Partially purified follicle regulatory protein had a biphasic effect on the proliferation of juvenile granulosa tumor cell but did not affect the proliferation of endometrial adenocarcinoma cells. Clonigenic assays were performed on five ovarian adenocarcinomas passaged in vitro, and these tumor cells exhibited a biphasic response to follicle regulatory protein. Immunoneutralization studies showed that this biphasic response was due to impurities in the follicle regulatory protein preparations. more » The longer the exposure of the tumor cells to follicle regulatory protein, the greater the degree of inhibition of proliferation. In summary, administration of follicle regulatory protein slowed tumor growth through a direct effect on the tumor cell rather than an indirect effect on the hormonal or immune status of the host. « less
Management of Posterior Fracture-Dislocations of the Shoulder (1988)

Posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder is rare. Comprehensive treatment guidelines for posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder with fracture of the humeral head have not been previously published. Although open reduction and internal fixation of the proximal humerus for posterior fracture-dislocation has been reported in several series, the successful reconstruction of the articular surface by rigid internal fixation of a large osteochondral fragment has not been reported. This paper describes two cases of posterior fracture-dislocation of the shoulder with a substantial defect of the anteromedial humeral head resulting from the cleavage of a large osteochondral fragment. Preoperative computed axial tomographic (CAT) scanning of the injured shoulders helped in operative planning by precisely defining the extent of the articular injury. Accurate reconstruction of the articular surface restored joint stability and gave excellent clinical results. Large humeral head osteochondral fracture fragments require accurate reduction and internal fixation.
Doppler Radiation Emitted by an Oscillating Dipole Moving inside a Photonic Band-Gap Crystal (2006)

We study the radiation emitted by an oscillating dipole moving with a constant velocity in a photonic crystal, and analyze the effects that arise in the presence of a photonic band gap. It is demonstrated through numerical simulations that the radiation strength may be enhanced or inhibited according to the photonic band structure, and anomalous effects in the sign and magnitude of the Doppler shifts are possible, both outside and inside the gap. We suggest that this effect could be used to identify the physical origin of the backward waves in recent metamaterials.
Organolanthanide-Catalyzed Synthesis of Phosphine-Terminated Polyethylenes. Scope and Mechanism (2005)

Primary and secondary phosphines are investigated as chain-transfer agents for organolanthanide-mediated olefin polymerization. Ethylene polymerizations were carried out with [Cp'(2)LnH](2) and Cp'(2)LnCH(SiMe(3))(2) (Cp' = eta(5)-Me(5)C(5); Ln = La, Sm, Y, Lu) precatalysts in the presence of dicyclohexyl-, diisobutyl-, diethyl-, diphenyl-, cyclohexyl-, and phenylphosphine. In the presence of secondary phosphines, high polymerization activities (up to 10(7) g of polymer/(mol of Ln.atm ethylene.h)) and narrow product polymer polydispersities are observed. For lanthanocene-mediated ethylene polymerizations, the phosphine chain-transfer efficiency correlates with the rate of Ln-CH(SiMe(3))(2) protonolysis by the same phosphines and follows the trend H(2)PPh >> H(2)PCy > HPPh(2) > HPEt(2) approximately HP(i)()Bu(2) > HPCy(2). Under the conditions investigated, dicyclohexylphosphine is not an efficient chain-transfer agent for Cp'(2)LaPCy(2)- and Cp'(2)YPCy(2)-mediated ethylene polymerizations. Diisobutylphosphine and diethylphosphine are efficient chain-transfer agents for Cp'(2)La-mediated polymerizations; however, phosphine chain transfer does not appear to be competitive with other chain-transfer pathways in Cp'(2)Y-mediated polymerizations involving diisobutylphosphine. Regardless of the lanthanide metal, diphenylphosphine is an efficient chain-transfer agent for ethylene polymerization. Polymerizations conducted in the presence of primary phosphines produce only low-molecular-weight products. Thus, Cp'(2)Y-mediated ethylene polymerizations conducted in the presence of phenylphosphine and cyclohexylphosphine produce low-molecular-weight phenylphosphine- and cyclohexylphosphine-capped oligomers, respectively. For Cp'(2)YPPh(2)-mediated ethylene polymerizations, a linear relationship is observed between M(n) and [diphenylphosphine](-)(1), consistent with a phosphine protonolytic chain-transfer mechanism.
Minimally invasive liver resection to obtain tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes for adoptive cell therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma (2012)

Laparoscopic liver resection can be performed with minimal morbidity and serve as an effective means to procure tumor to generate therapeutic TIL for ACT to patients with metastatic melanoma.
Selective inhibitors of KCl cotransport in human red cells (1990)

Two analogues of the loop diuretics furosemide and bumetanide have been identified as differential inhibitors of KCl and NaKCl cotransport systems, assayed by measuring K+ influx in 'young' human red cells. H25 inhibited both NaKCl and KCl cotransport, with I50% values of 0.03 and 30 microM respectively; H74 had no effect on NaKCl cotransport, even at 0.3 mM, but inhibited KCl cotransport with an I50% of 75 microM. These compounds are therefore useful for resolving the two transport systems.
Application of Pontryagin's minimum principle to Grover's quantum search problem (2019)

Grover's algorithm is one of the most famous algorithms which explicitly demonstrates how the quantum nature can be utilized to accelerate the searching process. In this work, Grover's quantum search problem is mapped to a time-optimal control problem. Resorting to Pontryagin's minimum principle, we find that the time-optimal solution has the bang-singular-bang structure. This structure can be derived naturally, without integrating the differential equations, using the geometric control technique where Hamiltonians in Schr\"odinger's equation are represented as vector fields. In view of optimal control, Grover's algorithm uses the bang-bang protocol to approximate the optimal protocol with a minimized number of bang-to-bang switchings to reduce the query complexity. Our work provides a concrete example of how Pontryagin's minimum principle is connected to quantum computation, and offers insight into how a quantum algorithm can be designed.
Relationship between heart rate variability and pulse wave velocity and their association with patient outcomes in chronic kidney disease (2013)

Age, diabetes, and inflammation together explained the inverse association between HRV and PWV. Inflammation may play a role in the pathogenesis of both low HRV and high PWV. The combination of low HRV and high PWV showed the strongest association with a composite CVD outcome. Mechanisms underlying abnormalities in PWV and HRV, and the role of these measures as intermediate outcomes in future trials in CKD patients, merit further study.
Analysis of angular dependent resistance measurements on IrMn-based spin valves using a finite pinning model (2002)

The magnetoresistance of IrMn based spin valve sheet films has been measured as a function of applied field orientation and temperature. Analysis of these angular resolved results allows the separation of the magnetic response of each ferromagnetic layer in the structure. Specifically, the data are fitted to a model of magnetoresistive response that accounts for giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects between the two layers and anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR) effects within each layer. Both the pinned and free ferromagnetic layers are assumed to be single domains. Additionally, the free layer is assumed to follow the applied field, while the pinned layer follows the vector sum of the applied field and the pinning field. From the fitting results, several parameters are separated quantitatively, including the resistance change associated with GMR and AMR effects, the misalignment angle for the pinned layer, the angular excursion of the pinned layer under external field, the. average current direction and the thermal coefficient of resistance. This analysis can support the design of spin valve readers, especially when extended to the determination of the canting angle of the pinned direction for patterned devices.
Filament activated chemical vapor deposition of boron carbide coatings (1994)

In this study, we have demonstrated that boron carbide, an extremely hard and wear-resistant material, can be deposited with hot filament-activated chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). There are several benefits to using a hot filament system, including a high deposition rate and a relatively low substrate temperature with a process that is not line-of-sight. High purity, apparently amorphous boron carbide films were obtained by the use of a chlorine based precursor (which is less toxic than diborane). This indicates that either the hot filament helps in complete decomposition of BCl3 or the presence of high concentration of atomic hydrogen in a HFCVD environment helps in scavenging the chlorine.
In vitro induction of T regulatory cells by a methylated CpG DNA sequence in humans: Potential therapeutic applications in allergic and autoimmune diseases (2018)

The use of this methylated CpG ODN offers a broad clinical application as a novel therapeutic method for Treg induction and, because of its low cost and small size, should facilitate delivery via nasal, respiratory, gastrointestinal routes, and/or by injection, routes of administration important for vaccine delivery to target sites responsible for respiratory, gastrointestinal, and systemic forms of allergic and autoimmune disease.
Abstract 3979: Metabolic pathways associated with urinary metabolite biomarkers differentiate bladder cancer patients from healthy controls (2016)

Abstract Our high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry study identified bladder cancer (BCA)-specific urine metabolites, including carnitine, acylcarnitines, and melatonin. The objective of the current study was to determine which metabolic pathways are perturbed in BCA based on our previously identified urinary metabolome. Significant alterations in the carnitine-acylcarnitine and tryptophan metabolic pathways were detected in urine specimens from BCA patients compared to those of healthy controls. The expression of eight genes involved in the carnitine-acylcarnitine metabolic pathway (CPT1A, CPT1B, CPT1C, CPT2, SLC25A20, and CRAT) or tryptophan metabolism (TPH1 and IDO1) was assessed by RT-PCR in our BCA cohort (n = 135). CPT1B, CPT1C, SLC25A20, CRAT, TPH1, and IOD1 were significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared to adjacent normal bladder tissues (p &amp;lt; 0.05 all) of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, whereas CPT1B, CPT1C, CRAT, and TPH1 were downregulated in those with muscle invasive bladder cancer (p &amp;lt; 0.05), with no changes in IDO1 expression. In this study, alterations in the expression of genes associated with the carnitine-acylcarnitine and tryptophan metabolic pathways, the most perturbed pathways in BCA, were determined. Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms underlying BCA-associated metabolic flux perturbation. Citation Format: Won Tae Kim, Seok Joong Yun, Chunri Yan, Pildu Jeong, Ye Hwan Kim, Il-Seok Lee, Sunghyouk Park, Sung-Kwon Moon, Yung-Hyun Choi, Young Deuk Choi, Jayoung Kim, Wun-Jae Kim. Metabolic pathways associated with urinary metabolite biomarkers differentiate bladder cancer patients from healthy controls. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3979.
Time-resolved photon counting system based on a Geiger-mode InGaAs/InP APD and a solid immersion lens (2004)

This paper describes a new time-resolved emission system. The key system features include a highly efficient InGaAs/InP APD run in the Geiger photon counting mode and a solid immersion lens with associated cooling.
High precision analogue memristor state tuning (2012)

A report is presented on the operation of an analogue programming circuit for accurately setting the state of a memristor. The circuit exploits the dynamic modulation of resistance under a constant DC bias while real-time measurements of the memristance are performed using an AC signal. The circuit employs feedback for converging the state of a device at any required level within a decade. This allows the memristor to act as an analogue potentiometer, with its resistance corresponding to an input analogue voltage. This implementation was tested with the HP memristor model revealing an accuracy of less than 0.4% (8 bit precision) in relation to the full dynamic range.
Effects of straggling of incident ions on plasma-induced damage creation in “fin”-type field-effect transistors (2014)

We investigated the plasma-induced physical damage (PPD) mechanism in a field-effect transistor (FET) with a fin-type channel, called FinFET. Compared to PPD in planar metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), such as Si loss or Si recess formed by energetic ion bombardment during plasma processing followed by the subsequent wet-etch stripping, it was predicted that PPD in FinFETs are generated primarily by a stochastic process called straggling of incident ions. During the etching of a fin structure in a FinFET, an impinging ion penetrates into the crystalline Si region to be etched, not only in the vertical direction but also in the lateral direction, resulting in lateral damage in the sidewall region, that is, the bulk fin. The damage layer generation mechanism in the fin structure was modeled on the basis of range theory. A molecular dynamics simulation was performed for noble and halogen species impacting on a Si fin structure to verify the proposed mechanism. The calculated results showed that ions with lighter masses and higher incident energies induced a larger amount of damage in the bulk fin owing to the nature of straggling phenomena. It should be noted that the PPD in the bulk fin may lead to latent defect sites in the channel region, and hence to operating speed degradation, which is a problematic concern for high-performance FinFETs.
A rapid method to improve the biological response to titanium by laser induced conversion of Ti4+ to Ti3+ sites in titanium oxide surfaces. (2010)

A rapid method to improve the biological response to titanium by laser induced conversion of Ti4+ to Ti3+ sites in titanium oxide surfaces.
IL-33-Induced Transcriptional Activation of LPIN1 Accelerates Breast Tumorigenesis (2021)

Phospholipids are crucial materials that are not only required for cell membrane construction but also play significant roles as signaling molecules. LPIN1 is an enzyme that displays phosphatidate phosphatase activity in the triglyceride and phospholipid synthesis pathway. Recent studies have shown that overexpression of LPIN1 is involved in breast tumorigenesis, but the underlying mechanism regulating LPIN1 expression has not been elucidated yet. In the present study, we showed that the IL-33-induced COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway regulates LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression by recruiting c-Jun to the LPIN1 promoter in breast cancer cells. IL-33 dose-dependently and time-dependently increased LPIN1 mRNA and protein expression. Moreover, IL-33 promoted colony formation and mammary tumorigenesis via induction of LPIN1 expression, while inhibition of LPIN1 disturbed IL-33-induced cell proliferation and mammary tumorigenesis. IL-33-driven LPIN1 expression was mediated by the COT-JNK1/2 signaling pathway, and inhibition of COT or JNK1/2 reduced LPIN1 expression. COT-JNK1/2-mediated IL-33 signaling activated c-Jun and promoted its binding to the promoter region of LPIN1 to induce LPIN1 expression. These findings demonstrated the regulatory mechanism of LPIN1 transcription by the IL-33-induced COT/JNK1/2 pathway for the first time, providing a potential mechanism underlying the upregulation of LPIN1 in cancer.
Progress on HERON: A real-time detector for P-P solar neutrinos (2000)

The HERON project is an R&D effort to create a detector suitable for real-time, high rate measurement of neutrinos from both the p-p and 7Be reactions in the Sun using superfluid helium as the target medium. Progress on studies of particle detection processes in superfluid, on development of sensors, on backgrounds, and on event energy and position measurement which are related to this goal are discussed.
Heterogeneity and targeted therapy-induced adaptations in lung cancer revealed by longitudinal single-cell RNA sequencing (2019)

Lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer mortality, exhibits heterogeneity that enables adaptability, limits therapeutic success, and remains incompletely understood. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) of metastatic lung cancer was performed using 44 tumor biopsies obtained longitudinally from 27 patients before and during targeted therapy. Over 20,000 cancer and tumor microenvironment (TME) single-cell profiles exposed a rich and dynamic tumor ecosystem. scRNAseq of cancer cells illuminated targetable oncogenes beyond those detected clinically. Cancer cells surviving therapy as residual disease (RD) expressed an alveolar-regenerative cell signature suggesting a therapy-induced primitive cell state transition, whereas those present at on-therapy progressive disease (PD) upregulated kynurenine, plasminogen, and gap junction pathways. Active T-lymphocytes and decreased macrophages were present at RD and immunosuppressive cell states characterized PD. Biological features revealed by scRNAseq were biomarkers of clinical outcomes in independent cohorts. This study highlights how therapy-induced adaptation of the multi-cellular ecosystem of metastatic cancer shapes clinical outcomes.
Enzyme‐catalyzed polycondensation reactions for the synthesis of aromatic polycarbonates and polyesters (1999)

Aromatic polymers are widely used in products ranging from optical lenses to milk bottles because of their strength, thermal durability, and high glass transition temperatures. All of the commonly used routes employed to generate aromatic polycarbonates and polyesters generate large amounts of waste as by-products and require high energy input. For these reasons, alternate routes to aromatic polymers which involve either less energy input or less waste generation are being investigated. One such route may be enzymatic. Herein we describe enzyme-catalyzed AA-BB condensation polymerizations to form aromatic polycarbonates and polyesters with six different aromatic diols and molecular weights of up to 5,200 Daltons are generated. In addition, for reactions with benzenedimethanol the enzyme exhibits regioselectivity for parahydroxyls over meta- and orthohydroxyls. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 65: 485–489, 1999.
Laser microtomography. 3D presentation and high-temporal resolution imaging. (1991)

Laser microtomography is a relatively new direct optical sectioning technique that uses a confocal laser scan microscope (CLSM). Some examples of its applications are described in this article. A series of cross-sectioned microtomograms of a single cell could be easily reconstructed as a high-resolution, extended-focus, three-dimensional image at any desired viewing angle. Optical sections of a single mobile living cell could be also obtained with a high temporal resolution by flexible line scanning and rapid data handling.
PPIA, HPRT1, and YWHAZ are suitable reference genes for quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis in sows (2022)

These results indicate the importance of verifying RG stability prior to commencing research and may contribute to experimental design in the field of animal reproductive physiology as reference data.