gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Adaptable and Transferable Networks (HATN) for Driving Behavior Prediction (2021)

When autonomous vehicles still struggle to solve challenging situations during on-road driving, humans have long mastered the essence of driving with efficient transferable and adaptable driving capability. By mimicking humans' cognition model and semantic understanding during driving, we present HATN, a hierarchical framework to generate high-quality driving behaviors in multi-agent dense-traffic environments. Our method hierarchically consists of a high-level intention identification and low-level action generation policy. With the semantic sub-task definition and generic state representation, the hierarchical framework is transferable across different driving scenarios. Besides, our model is also able to capture variations of driving behaviors among individuals and scenarios by an online adaptation module. We demonstrate our algorithms in the task of trajectory prediction for real traffic data at intersections and roundabouts, where we conducted extensive studies of the proposed method and demonstrated how our method outperformed other methods in terms of prediction accuracy and transferability.
ChemInform Abstract: The Structure Determination of Panellon and Panellol, Two 14‐ Noreudesmanes Isolated from Resupinatus leightonii. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast passivity enforcement technique for common-pole S-parameter multiport systems (2009)

This paper applies a reliable and efficient algorithm for passivity enforcement of common-pole multiport S-parameter macromodels. It ensures that the maximum passivity violation decreases monotonically in each iteration step, and convergence to a uniformly passive macromodel is guaranteed.
Simple and Robust Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells toward Chondrocytes by Two Small-Molecule Compounds (2019)

A simple induction protocol to differentiate chondrocytes from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) using small-molecule compounds is beneficial for cartilage regenerative medicine and mechanistic studies of chondrogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that chondrocytes are robustly induced from human PSCs by simple combination of two compounds, CHIR99021, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 inhibitor, and TTNPB, a retinoic acid receptor (RAR) agonist, under serum- and feeder-free conditions within 5-9 days. An excellent differentiation efficiency and potential to form hyaline cartilaginous tissues in vivo were demonstrated. Comprehensive gene expression and open chromatin analyses at each protocol stage revealed step-by-step differentiation toward chondrocytes. Genome-wide analysis of RAR and β-catenin association with DNA showed that retinoic acid and Wnt/β-catenin signaling collaboratively regulated the key marker genes at each differentiation stage. This method provides a promising cell source for regenerative medicine and, as an in vitro model, may facilitate elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying chondrocyte differentiation.
Performance enhancement of GaN ultraviolet avalanche photodiodes with p-type δ-doping (2008)

High quality δ-doped p-GaN is used as a means of improving the performance of back-illuminated GaN avalanche photodiodes (APDs). Devices with δ-doped p-GaN show consistently lower leakage current and lower breakdown voltage than those with bulk p-GaN. APDs with δ-doped p-GaN also achieve a maximum multiplication gain of 5.1×104, more than 50 times higher than that obtained in devices with bulk p-GaN. The better device performance of APDs with δ-doped p-GaN is attributed to the higher structural quality of the p-GaN layer achieved via δ-doping.
Fabrication of three-dimensional photonic quasicrystals for the near-infrared spectral region (2006)

We report on the fabrication of three-dimensional icosahedral photonic quasicrystals for optical frequencies via direct laser writing. Optical diffraction patterns measured along the 5-fold axis reveal the expected 10-fold symmetry.
Poly(propylenimin)‐Dendrimere: Synthese in größerem Maßstab durch heterogen katalysierte Hydrierungen (1993)

Im kg‐Maßstab können reine Polypropylenimin‐Dendrimere in einer äußerst einfachen Reaktionssequenz aus Michael‐Addition (primäre Amine an Acrylnitril) und heterogener Hydrierung mit Raney‐Cobalt als Katalysator hergestellt werden. Beide Schritte verlaufen quantitativ und selektiv und können auf viele Kern‐ und Endgruppen übertragen werden.
PRKAR1AMutations and Protein Kinase A Interactions with Other Signaling Pathways in the Adrenal Cortex (2006)

mt-PRKAR1A causes increased total cAMP-stimulated kinase activity, likely the result of up-regulation of other PKA subunits caused by down-regulation of RIalpha, as seen in human lymphocytes and mouse animal models. These changes, associated with enhanced MAPK activity, may be, in part, responsible for the proliferative signals that result in primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease.
Translating Laboratory Knowledge into Biological Therapy and Genetic Analysis (2003)

Abstract: Genomic instability is one of the earliest features of cancer cell behavior and can lead to gene mutation, amplification, or deletion. Rarely one of these genomic events can give the cell a growth advantage or some other characteristic that contributes to carcinogenesis and also leads to clonal expansion. Solid tumors contain numerous genetic abnormalities and these vary among individuals. New techniques from the laboratory allow unprecedented levels of detail in cancer genetic analysis of human tumors. One technique called comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) can pinpoint areas of the genome that are amplified or deleted. These changes that occur at a high frequency are likely to represent genes that are important in cancer development and progression. How can this be translated into new biologic therapy as well as a better understanding of factors that predict responses to standard chemotherapy to allow better individualized tailoring of treatment? Through the linkage of CGH data on human tumors to their clinical outcomes, specific questions can be asked about the relationship of specific genes to clinical variables. For example, genes that are gained in patients who are resistant to anti-HER-2 antibody (Herceptin) might help select patients for such therapy or identify genes that could be pharmacologically targeted to overcome Herceptin resistance. Prospects for better treatment and recent advances in genomic research may lead to an increased understanding of the basic mechanisms resulting in initiation and progression of breast cancer.
HPVM2FPGA: Enabling True Hardware-Agnostic FPGA Programming (2022)

Current FPGA programming tools require extensive hardware-specific manual code tuning to achieve performance, which is intractable for most software application teams. We present HPVM2FPGA, a novel end-to-end compiler and auto-tuning system that can automatically tune hardware-agnostic programs for FPGAs. HPVM2FPGA uses a hardware-agnostic abstraction of parallelism as an intermediate representation (IR) to represent hardware-agnostic programs. HPVM2FPGA's powerful optimization framework uses sophisticated compiler optimizations and design space exploration (DSE) to automatically tune a hardware-agnostic program for a given FPGA. HPVM2FPGA is able to support software programmers by shifting the burden of performing hardware-specific optimizations to the compiler and DSE. We show that HPVM2FPGA can achieve up to 33×speedup compared to unoptimized baselines and can match the performance of hand-tuned HLS code for three of four benchmarks. We have designed HPVM2FPGA to be a modular and extensible framework, and we expect it to match hand-tuned code for most programs as the system matures with more optimizations. Overall, we believe that it constitutes a solid step closer to fully hardware-agnostic FPGA programming, making it a suitable cornerstone for future FPGA compiler research.
Figure S6 from An Orally Available Tubulin Inhibitor, VERU-111, Suppresses Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Tumor Growth and Metastasis and Bypasses Taxane Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S6 shows P-gp protein levels of HCI-2-Luc2 and HCI-10-Luc2 patient-derived primary cells and representative endpoint ex vivo bio-imaging data obtained using the taxane-resistant HCI-10-Luc2 patient-derived reporter-labeled xenograft model. (A) P-gp expression in HCI-2 and HCI-10 cells was determined by western blotting. (B) The growth inhibitory effect of colchicine, paclitaxel and VERU-111 was measured in vitro by the IncuCyte S3 live cell imaging system. IC50 values were calculated based on changes in density as measured by phase contrast at study endpoint relative to initial plating density. The bar graphs represent the grand mean {plus minus} SEM of the calculated IC50 values from at least 3 independent experiments. (C-E) Images representative of the mean total photon flux per treatment cohort as determined by ex vivo bio-imaging for the lungs (C), liver (D) and leg bones (E).&lt;/p&gt;
6-Hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione Derivatives as Novel d-Amino Acid Oxidase Inhibitors (2015)

A series of 2-substituted 6-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione derivatives were synthesized as inhibitors of D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO). Many compounds in this series were found to be potent DAAO inhibitors, with IC50 values in the double-digit nanomolar range. The 6-hydroxy-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione pharmacophore appears metabolically resistant to O-glucuronidation unlike other structurally related DAAO inhibitors. Among them, 6-hydroxy-2-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,2,4-triazine-3,5(2H,4H)-dione 11h was found to be selective over a number of targets and orally available in mice. Furthermore, oral coadministration of D-serine with 11h enhanced the plasma levels of D-serine in mice compared to the oral administration of D-serine alone, demonstrating its ability to serve as a pharmacoenhancer of D-serine.
Improving DASH Performance in a Network with Caching (2017)

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) has been widely used in online video streaming nowadays. To reduce network congestion, popular videos are replicated in the intermediate cache nodes. However, with DASH, the intermediate cache node may lead to bitrate oscillations due to the difference in the throughputs from the end user to the cache node and from that to the origin server. In this paper, we develop an adaptation logic for DASH that can reduce bitrate oscillations. Our proposed adaptation logic combines both throughput-based and buffer-based adaptation methods. Extensive simulations show the efficiency of our proposed method.
Just-in-Time Teaching and Peer Instruction (2023)

Peer Instruction (PI) is an interactive teaching technique that promotes classroom interaction to engage students and address difficult aspects of the material (Crouch, Watkins, Fagen, & Mazur, 2007; Crouch & Mazur, 2001; Mazur, 1997). By providing opportunities for students to discuss concepts in class, PI allows students to learn from each other. However, for this method to be most effective, students need to come to class with some basic understanding of the material. Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) is an ideal complement to PI, as JiTT structures students’ reading before class and provides feedback so the instructor can tailor the PI questions to target student difficulties.
ArF solutions for low-k 1 back-end imaging (2003)

The requirements stated in the ITRS roadmap for back-end-of-line imaging of current and future technology nodes are very aggressive. Therefore, it is likely that high NA in combination with enhancement techniques will be necessary for the imaging of contacts and trenches, pushing optical lithography into the low-k<sub>1</sub> regime. In this paper, we focus more specifically on imaging solutions for contact holes beyond the 90 nm node using high NA ArF lithography, as this is currently seen as one of the major challenges in optical lithography. We investigate the performance of various existing enhancement techniques in order to provide contact holes imaging solutions in a k<sub>1</sub> range from 0.35 to 0.45, using the ASML PAS5500/1100 0.75NA ArF scanner installed at IMEC. For various resolution enhancement techniques (RET), the proof of concept has been demonstrated in literature. In this paper, we propose an experimental one-to-one comparison of these RET’s with fixed CD target, exposure tool, lithographic process, and metrology. A single exposure through pitch (dense through isolated) printing solution is preferred and is the largest challenge. The common approach using a 6% attenuated phase-shifted mask (attPSM) with a conventional illumination fails. The advantages and drawbacks of other techniques are discussed. High transmission (17%) attenuated phase shift, potentially beneficial for part of the pitch range, requires conflicting trade-offs when looking for a single exposure through pitch solution. More promising results are obtained combining a BIM or a 6% attPSM with assist slots and off-axis illumination, yielding a depth of focus (DOF) at 8% exposure latitude (EL) greater than 0.31 &mu;m from 200 nm pitch through isolated. Chromeless phase lithography (CPL) is also discussed with promising results obtained at the densest pitch. At a 0.4 k<sub>1</sub>, an experimental extrapolation to 0.85NA demonstrates that a pitch of 180 nm can be resolved with 0.4 &#956;m DOF at 8% EL. For all of these imaging solutions, various metrics are studied to compare printing performance. In addition to process latitude, we consider forbidden pitches, sidelobes printability, and mask error enhancement factor (MEEF).
<b>Citrulline as a novel adjuvant candidate for </b><b>vaccines</b> (2019)

For a long time, many types of vaccines have been useful for the prophylaxis of many infectious diseases. Thus far, many adjuvants that enhance the effects of vaccines have been explored. However, very few adjuvants are being used for humans worldwide. In this study, we investigated the adjuvant activity of various substances, and found citrulline to have high potential as an adjuvant. Citrulline is a type of amino acid present in the body of many organisms. A number of biological activities of citrulline have been reported; however, no adjuvant activity has been reported thus far. Aluminum salts, which are commonly used as adjuvants are not water soluble; therefore, some difficulties are encountered while using them as vaccine adjuvants. Citrulline is easy to use because of its water solubility. In this study, we showed for the first time the adjuvant activity of citrulline by using viral antigens and amyloid β peptide. Water-soluble citrulline, which is present in our body, is a potential adjuvant candidate.
GATE Validation of Standard Dual Energy Corrections in Small Animal SPECT-CT (2015)

This paper addresses 123I and 125I dual isotope SPECT imaging, which can be challenging because of spectrum overlap in the low energy spectrums of these isotopes. We first quantify the contribution of low-energy photons from each isotope using GATE-based Monte Carlo simulations for the MOBY mouse phantom. We then describe and analyze a simple, but effective method that uses the ratio of detected low and high energy 123I activity to separate the mixed low energy 123I and 125I activities. Performance is compared with correction methods used in conventional tissue biodistribution techniques. The results indicate that the spectrum overlap effects can be significantly reduced, if not entirely eliminated, when attenuation and scatter is either absent or corrected for using standard methods. In particular, we show that relative activity levels of the two isotopes can be accurately estimated for a wide range of organs and provide quantitative validation that standard methods for spectrum overlap correction provide reasonable estimates for reasonable corrections in small-animal SPECT/CT imaging.
From in vitro to in silico and back again: Using biological and mathematical synergy to decipher breast cancer cell motility (2010)

The complexity of biological systems is often prohibitive in testing specific hypotheses from first physical principles. To circumvent these limitations we used biological data to inform a mathematical model of breast cancer cell motility. Using this in silico model we were able to accurately assess the influence of actin cytoskeletal architecture on the motility of a genetically modified breast cancer cell line. Furthermore, using the in silico model revealed a biological phenomenon that has not been previously described in live cell movement. Fusing biology and mathematics as presented here represents a new direction for biomedical research in which advances in each field synergistically drive discoveries in the other.
Microscopic Particles in Two Fractions of Fresh Cerebrospinal Fluid in Twins with Schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorder and in Healthy Controls (2012)

Presence of microscopic particles in CSF may possibly reflect trait dependent genetic or environmental vulnerability in patients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder.
Structured data and web documents (2009)

Keyword search over structured databases is silo-ed from web search in that their results are independent of those from web search. We claim that keyword search can benefit significantly from the knowledge of web documents and results of web search. Conversely, traditional web search only returns documents. We discuss how the search results can be enhanced by additional structured information. Thus, query over structured data and web search can leverage each other.
Mesenchymal stem cells inhibit both endogenous and exogenous MMPs via secreted TIMPs (2010)

Abstract Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to be perivascular, occupying a prime location for regulating vessel stability. Here, we focused on the MSC‐contribution of key regulators of the perivascular niche, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, the TIMPs. Despite secretion of active forms of MMPs by MSCs, MMP enzyme activity was not detected in MSC‐conditioned medium (MSC‐CM) due to TIMP‐mediated inhibition. By means of bifunctional‐crosslinking to probe endogenous MMP:TIMP interactions, we showed MMP‐2‐inhibition by TIMP‐2. MSCs also inhibited high levels of exogenous MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 through TIMP‐2 and TIMP‐1, respectively. Furthermore, MSC‐CM protected vascular matrix molecules and endothelial cell structures from MMP‐induced disruption. MSCs remained matrix‐protective when exposed to pro‐inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia, countering these stresses with increased TIMP‐1 expression and augmented MMP‐inhibition. Thus, MSCs are revealed as robust sources of TIMP‐mediated MMP‐inhibition, capable of protecting the perivascular niche from high levels of MMPs even under pathological conditions. J. Cell. Physiol. 226: 385–396, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly Efficient Electron Field Emission from Graphene Oxide Sheets Supported by Nickel Nanotip Arrays (2012)

Electron field emission is a quantum tunneling phenomenon whereby electrons are emitted from a solid surface due to a strong electric field. Graphene and its derivatives are expected to be efficient field emitters due to their unique geometry and electrical properties. So far, electron field emission has only been achieved from the edges of graphene and graphene oxide sheets. We have supported graphene oxide sheets on nickel nanotip arrays to produce a high density of sharp protrusions within the sheets and then applied electric fields perpendicular to the sheets. Highly efficient and stable field emission with low turn-on fields was observed for these graphene oxide sheets, because the protrusions appear to locally enhance the electric field and dramatically increase field emission. Our simple and robust approach provides prospects for the development of practical electron sources and advanced devices based on graphene and graphene oxide field emitters.
Vif Proteins from Diverse Primate Lentiviral Lineages Use the Same Binding Site in APOBEC3G (2013)

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a cytidine deaminase that restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other lentiviruses. Most of these viruses encode a Vif protein that directly binds A3G and leads to its proteasomal degradation. Both Vif proteins of HIV-1 and African green monkey simian immunodeficiency virus (SIVagm) bind residue 128 of A3G. However, this position does not control the A3G degradation by Vif variants derived from HIV-2 and SIVmac, which both originated from SIV of sooty mangabey monkeys (SIVsmm), suggesting that the A3G binding site for Vif proteins of the SIVsmm/HIV-2 lineage differs from that of HIV-1. To map the SIVsmm Vif binding site of A3G, we performed immunoprecipitations of individual A3G domains, Vif/A3G degradation assays and a detailed mutational analysis of human A3G. We show that A3G residue 129, but not the adjacent position 128, confers susceptibility to degradation by SIVsmm Vif. An artificial A3G mutant, the P129D mutant, was resistant to degradation by diverse Vifs from HIV-1, HIV-2, SIVagm, and chimpanzee SIV (SIVcpz), suggesting a conserved lentiviral Vif binding site. Gorilla A3G naturally contains a glutamine (Q) at position 129, which makes its A3G resistant to Vifs from diverse lineages. We speculate that gorilla A3G serves as a barrier against SIVcpz strains. In summary, we show that Vif proteins from distinct lineages bind to the same A3G loop, which includes positions 128 and 129. The multiple adaptations within this loop among diverse primates underscore the importance of counteracting A3G in lentiviral evolution.
Wireless Monitoring of a Structural Beam to be Used for Post-Earthquake Damage Assessment (2018)

Wireless monitoring of a standard reinforced concrete beam is shown in a simply supported beam experiment. The passive nested split-ring resonator (NSRR) probes are attached on the reinforcing bars (rebars) within the beam, and an antenna interrogates the probes from outside the beam. The results of the experiment show that the plastic deformation region strain/displacement can be detected by the wireless sensing system. The data collected by the system constitutes an important input for the assessment of the damage that can be observed after earthquakes.