gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Precision closed-loop control of optical beam steering</title> (1998)

Unlike in the microwave domain, where open loop phase control is adequate, a phased array antenna working at optical frequencies will require precise closed loop control of each element pixel to realize a well defined high brightness far-field antenna pattern. We describe and present experimental data for a design that permits precision, to &lt; (lambda) /100, phase control with a high bandwidth that compensates for temperature, mechanical effects, delay times of each phase shift element, and non- linear response. Experimentally, the output of a phase measurement system is used in an electronic feedback loop to dynamically linearize an inherently non-linear liquid crystal. The experiment consisted of a spatial heterodyne, temporal homodyne, fiber optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer to recover phase of a single nematic liquid crystal element. The resulting phase measurement, represented as an analog voltage, is used in a feedback loop to correct for the non- linear drive voltage-to-phase retardance response of the liquid crystal. A demonstration of this technique using several periodic drive waveforms at frequencies of 10-100 Hz was performed. Data are presented showing a phase retardance resolution of &lt; 1 nm which enabled a significant improvement in the linearity of the liquid crystal response.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbohydrate‐ and Related Polyol‐Derived Fluorosurfactants: An Update (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A wind-sensor with integrated interface electronics (2002)

A wind-sensor and its interface electronics have been integrated on a single CMOS chip. The chip is heated above ambient temperature and employed as a two-dimensional thermal flow-sensor. The interface electronics consists of three thermal sigma-delta modulators that control and simultaneously digitize the (flow-dependent) heat distribution in the chip. The bit-stream outputs of the modulators are decimated externally, and the results may be used to determine wind speed and direction.
Diagnostic gene expression biomarkers of coral thermal stress (2013)

Gene expression biomarkers can enable rapid assessment of physiological conditions in situ, providing a valuable tool for reef managers interested in linking organism physiology with large-scale climatic conditions. Here, we assessed the ability of quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based gene expression biomarkers to evaluate (i) the immediate cellular stress response (CSR) of Porites astreoides to incremental thermal stress and (ii) the magnitude of CSR and cellular homeostasis response (CHR) during a natural bleaching event. Expression levels largely scaled with treatment temperature, with the strongest responses occurring in heat-shock proteins. This is the first demonstration of a 'tiered' CSR in a coral, where the magnitude of expression change is proportional to stress intensity. Analysis of a natural bleaching event revealed no signature of an acute CSR in normal or bleached corals, indicating that the bleaching stressor(s) had abated by the day of sampling. Another long-term stress CHR-based indicator assay was significantly elevated in bleached corals, although assay values overall were low, suggesting good prospects for recovery. This study represents the first step in linking variation in gene expression biomarkers to stress tolerance and bleaching thresholds in situ by quantifying the severity of ongoing thermal stress and its accumulated long-term impacts.
Federated Learning: A signal processing perspective (2022)

The dramatic success of deep learning is largely due to the availability of data. Data samples are often acquired on edge devices, such as smartphones, vehicles, and sensors, and in some cases cannot be shared due to privacy considerations. Federated learning is an emerging machine learning paradigm for training models across multiple edge devices holding local data sets, without explicitly exchanging the data. Learning in a federated manner differs from conventional centralized machine learning and poses several core unique challenges and requirements, which are closely related to classical problems studied in the areas of signal processing and communications. Consequently, dedicated schemes derived from these areas are expected to play an important role in the success of federated learning and the transition of deep learning from the domain of centralized servers to mobile edge devices.
Efficient compile-time analysis of cache behaviour for programs with IF statements (2003)

This paper presents an analytical method for analysing efficiently the cache behaviour of Perfect loop nests containing IF statements with compile-time-analysable conditionals. We discuss the derivations of reuse vectors in the presence of IF statements, present miss equations for characterising the cache behaviour of a program and give algorithms for solving these equations for cache misses. We show that our method, together with loop sinking, can be used to analyse a large number of imperfect loop nests that cannot be analysed previously-17% more loop nests than previously in SPECfp95, Perfect Suite, Livermore kernels, Linpack and Lapack. Validation against cache simulation demonstrates the efficiency and accuracy of our method. Our method can be used to guide compiler cache optimisations and improve the performance of cache simulators and profilers.
Response of zonal chondrocytes to extracellular matrix‐hydrogels (2007)

We investigated the biological response of chondrocytes isolated from different zones of articular cartilage and their cellular behaviors in poly (ethylene glycol)-based (PEG) hydrogels containing exogenous type I collagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), or chondroitin sulfate (CS). The cellular morphology was strongly dependent on the extracellular matrix component of hydrogels. Additionally, the exogenous extracellular microenvironment affected matrix production and cartilage specific gene expression of chondrocytes from different zones. CS-based hydrogels showed the strongest response in terms of gene expression and matrix accumulation for both superficial and deep zone chondrocytes, but HA and type I collagen-based hydrogels demonstrated zonal-dependent cellular responses.
Fast and Optimal Binary Template Matching Application to Manga Copyright Protection (2014)

Template matching is a technique used in classifying an object by comparing portions of images with another image. Finding a given template in an image is typically performed by scanning the image and evaluating the similarity with the template. When the scanning is concerned with the entire image template matching is optimal. This paper considers a special case of template matching where the templates are binary. Although binary template matching has been studied extensively since the early days of pattern recognition, this technique seems not longer in use in Document Image Analysis (DIA). The major reasons arête time complexity, the no-invariance to scale and rotation and the lack of adaptability of similarity measures. However, different contributions have been investigated during the last years to improve these aspects: robustness and discrimination capability of similarity measures, their characterization, time-processing optimization with hardware support, etc. In this paper, we will review first some of the recent issues about binary template matching. We will present then a system exploiting bitwise operators and parallel processing supporting fast and accurate binary template matching for Manga copyright protection. This system is compared to a FFT-based template matching, and it outperforms both in processing-time and detection accuracy.
Erythrocyte-bound Tissue Plasminogen Activator (tPA) is Neuroprotective in Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury (2009)

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of exogenous tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in traumatic brain injury (TBI).We tested two different tPA formulations, free tPA and tPA bound to erythrocytes (RBC=tPA).Vehicle and each of the tPA treatments were injected intravenously into anesthetized rats 15 min after moderate lateral fluid percussion injury.The animals were sacrificed at 2 days for calculating microclot burden (n ¼ 13) and IgG staining area (n ¼ 13) in the brain sections as indicators of post-traumatic thrombosis and blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown, respectively.Another set of injured animals treated in the same way were sacrificed at 7 days to compare cortical lesion volumes (n ¼ 28) and CA3 hippocampal cell loss (n ¼ 24).All evaluations were done blinded with respect to treatment.No significant differences were found with respect to microclot burden or IgG staining volume.Injection of wild-type tPA caused significantly ( p < 0.05) larger cortical injuries and greater cerebral hemorrhage.In contrast, there was significantly less cortical injury ( p < 0.01) and hippocampal cell loss ( p < 0.01) in the RBC=tPA group than in all other groups.These results reveal that RBC=tPA is more neuroprotective in experimental TBI than is unbound tPA.
Experiments and Simulations of Infrared Transmission by Transverse Magnetic Mode through Au Gratings on Silicon with Various Air-slot Widths over the Period (2008)

Au gratings with various air-slot widths were fabricated by electron beam lithography system (e-beam) and their infrared (2.5~25μm) transmission of the transverse magnetic mode (TM mode) were investigated by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Simulations were used theoretically by the Maxwell equations and the surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC) method. Simulation results explain the relationship between surface plasma and transmission dips.
Important Role of P-Selectin for Leukocyte Recruitment, Hepatocellular Injury, and Apoptosis in Endotoxemic Mice (2004)

Leukocyte recruitment in the liver includes a two-step procedure in which selectin-dependent leukocyte rolling is a prerequisite for subsequent CD18-dependent leukocyte firm adhesion in postsinusoidal venules. However, the roles of the individual selectins in leukocyte rolling and adhesion, hepatocellular injury, and apoptosis remain elusive. Therefore, we examined the pathophysiological role of P-, E-, and L-selectin in male C57BL/6 mice challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D-galactosamine (Gal) by use of intravital microscopy of the liver microcirculation. In control animals, administration of LPS-Gal provoked reproducible hepatic damage, including marked increases of leukocyte recruitment, liver enzymes, and hepatocyte apoptosis and reduced sinusoidal perfusion. Interestingly, pretreatment with an anti-P-selectin antibody (RB40.34) markedly reduced leukocyte rolling and firm adhesion by 65 and 71%, respectively. Moreover, interference with P-selectin function significantly improved sinusoidal perfusion and reduced the increase in liver enzymes by 49 to 84% in endotoxemic mice. Moreover, the activity of caspase-3 and the number of apoptotic hepatocytes were significantly reduced by 55 and 54%, respectively, in RB40.34-treated animals. In contrast, administration of an anti-E-selectin antibody (10E9.6) and an anti-L-selectin antibody (Mel-14) did not protect against endotoxin-induced leukocyte responses or hepatic injury. In conclusion, our novel findings document a principal role of P-selectin in mediating leukocyte rolling, a precondition to the subsequent firm adhesion of leukocytes in liver injury. Furthermore, our novel data demonstrate that inhibition of P-selectin function reduces hepatocellular injury and apoptosis, suggesting a causal relationship between leukocyte recruitment on one hand and hepatocellular injury and apoptosis on the other hand. Based on these findings, it is suggested that P-selectin may be an important therapeutic target in endotoxin-induced liver injury.
Auto-generating model-based reasoners through dynamic simulation (2005)

In recent years, a significant focus has been placed on the development and implementation of advanced prognostic and health management (PHM) technologies for air vehicles both in military and industrial applications. The term PHM encompasses anomaly, diagnostic and prognostic algorithms as well as higher level reasoning algorithms for isolating root causes of faults/failures and directing optimal operational or maintenance actions. In such systems, two current deficiencies exist. First, for a variety of reasons, component and subsystem interactions in such systems are poorly realized. The issue manifests itself as multiple dependent "boxes" indicating faults with shotgun tests or valuable domain expertise required to de-conflict and reduce ambiguity groups. Secondly, complex systems still largely rely on expert rule-bases for reasoning which are notoriously difficult to maintain over a life cycle and are prone to logical conflicts. This paper begins to address these deficiencies by outlining a simulation-based process for assisting the user in: 1) realizing complex system interactions for optimal PHM system design; and 2) building and maintaining model-based reasoning architectures where decisions and conclusions naturally precipitate out of a more manageable system dependency model. Concepts are reinforced and demonstrated with a Matlab/Simulink example of a complex dynamic system and an analysis test bench for reporting system wide dependencies, fault propagation and consolidated model-based reasoning architectures.
A systematic review of the literature on the application of blockchain in the health supply chain (2022)

Objective of the study: This article aims to present a systematic literature review on the application of blockchain in the healthcare supply chain.Relevance / originality: The relevance and originality consist in the presentation of a systematic literature review that focuses and considers the concepts of blockchain, healthcare and supply chain as equally important, in the studied time frame.Methodology / approach: The systematic literature review followed a protocol based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA), performing the search in eight databases, selecting conference and journal articles based on their content in sequential steps.Main results: As a result, 122 publications were selected. The number of publications in the field has been found to grow rapidly, and sensors and the Internet of Things (IoT) are two prominent minor topics. Three research challenges were raised.Theoretical / methodological contributions: Provide understanding to academics and professionals in the field about the state of the art of applying the blockchain in the healthcare supply chain, both in terms of the evolution of the literature, as well as in terms of raising new research.Social / management contributions: Raising discussions on solutions to healthcare supply chain issues, involving for example data integrity and privacy in electronic medical reports, drug counterfeiting and the use of sensors and the internet of things.
Evaluation of LOXL1 polymorphisms in eyes with exfoliation glaucoma in Japanese. (2008)

SNPs of LOXL1 (rs1048661; Arg141Leu and rs3825942; Gly153Asp) are highly associated with XFS in the Japanese population. However, unidentified genetic or environmental factors independent of LOXL1 will most likely influence the phenotypic expression of the syndrome.
First demonstration of ultra-low-energy hierarchical multi-granular optical path network dynamically controlled through NSI-CS for video related applications (2014)

We developed ODU-XC, CDC-ROADM, and silicon photonics switch, and built an eight-node network capable of 90Tbps based on NSI-CS standard protocol. Its energy consumption was orders of magnitude lower than that achievable with IP routers.
Metabolic Channeling of Carbamoyl Phosphate, a Thermolabile Intermediate (2002)

Two different approaches provided evidence for a physical interaction between the carbamate kinase-like carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CKase) and ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCase) from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. Affinity electrophoresis indicated that CKase and OTCase associate into a multienzyme cluster. Further evidence for a biologically significant interaction between CKase and OTCase was obtained by co-immunoprecipitation combined with formaldehyde cross-linking experiments. These experiments support the hypothesis that CKase and OTCase form an efficient channeling cluster for carbamoyl phosphate, an extremely thermolabile and potentially toxic metabolic intermediate. Therefore, by physically interacting with each other, CKase and OTCase prevent the thermodenaturation of carbamoyl phosphate in the aqueous cytoplasmic environment.
Deep-well 4.8μm -emitting quantum-cascade lasers grown by MOCVD (2008)

A novel design for a deep-well InP-based QC-laser structure has been realized using MOCVD growth for emission wavelengths of 4.6 mum-4.8 mum with low threshold current density (1.5 KA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) at room temperature (RT) and reduced temperature sensitivity.
Online Auctions: There Can Be Only One (2009)

In recent years, the proliferation of the world wide web has lead toan increase in the number of public auctions on the internet. One ofthe characteristics of online auctions is that a successfulimplementation requires a high volume of buyers and sellers at itswebsite. Consequently, auction sites which have a high volume oftraffic have an advantage over those in which the volume is limited.This results in even greater polarization of buyers and sellerstowards a particular site. This is often referred to as the``network effect'' in a variety of web and telecommunicationapplications involving interactions among a large number ofentities. While this effect has qualitatively been known toincrease the value of the overall network, its effect has never beenmodeled or studied rigorously. In this paper, we construct a MarkovModel to analyze the network effect in the case of web auctions. Weshow that the network effect is very powerful for the case of webauctions and can result in a situation in which one auction canquickly overwhelm its competing sites. This results in a situationin which the natural stable equilibrium is that of a single onlineauction seller for a given product and geographical locality. Whilea single player structure is unlikely because of some approximationassumptions in the model, the trend seems to show the likelyexistence of single dominant player in the web auction space.
Media Production, Delivery and Interaction for Platform Independent Systems (2013)

The underlying audio and video processing technology that is discussed in the book relates to areas such as 3D object extraction, audio event detection; 3D sound rendering and face detection, gesture analysis and tracking using video and depth information. The book will give an insight into current trends and developments of future media production, delivery and reproduction. Consideration of the complete production, processing and distribution chain will allow for a full picture to be presented to the reader. Production developments covered will include integrated workflows developed by researchers and industry practitioners as well as capture of ultra-high resolution panoramic video and 3D object based audio across a range of programme genres. Distribution developments will include script based format agnostic network delivery to a full range of devices from large scale public panoramic displays with wavefield synthesis and ambisonic audio reproduction to ’small screen’ mobile devices. Key developments at the consumer end of the chain apply to both passive and interactive viewing modes and will incorporate user interfaces such as gesture recognition and ‘second screen’ devices to allow manipulation of the audio visual content. - Presents current trends and potential future developments by leading researchers in immersive media production, delivery, rendering and interaction. - Considers the complete production, processing and distribution chain illustrating the dependencies and the relationship between different components. - Proposes that a format-agnostic approach to the production and delivery of broadcast programmes will overcome the problems faced with the steadily growing number of production and delivery formats. - Explains the fundamentals of media production in addition to the complete production chain, beyond current-state-of-the-art through to presenting novel approaches and technologies for future media production. - Focuses on the technologies that will allow for the realization of an E2E media platform that supports flexible content representations and interactivity for users. An essential read for Researchers and developers of audio-visual technology in industry and academia, such as engineers in broadcast technology companies and students working toward a career in the rapidly changing area of broadcast both from a production and an engineering perspective.
Combs and Bottlebrushes in a Melt (2017)

We use a combination of the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and scaling analysis to study conformations of bottlebrush and comb-like polymers in a melt. Our analysis shows that a crossover between comb and bottlebrush regimes is controlled by the crowding parameter, Φ, describing overlap between neighboring macromolecules. In comb-like systems characterized by a sparse grafting of side chains (Φ < 1), the side chains and backbones belonging to neighboring macromolecules interpenetrate. However, in bottlebrushes with densely grafted side chains (Φ ≥ 1), the interpenetration between macromolecules is suppressed by steric repulsion between side chains. In this regime, bottlebrush macromolecules can be viewed as filaments with diameter proportional to size of the side chains. For flexible side chains, the crowding parameter is given by Φ ≈ [v/(lb)3/2][(nsc/ng + 1)/nsc1/2], which depends on both the architectural parameters (degree of polymerization of the side chains, nsc, and number of backbone bonds between side chains, ng) and chemical structure of monomers (bond length l, monomer excluded volume v, and Kuhn length, b). Molecular dynamics simulations corroborate this classification of graft polymers and show that the effective macromolecule Kuhn length, bK, and the mean-square end-to-end distance of the backbone, ⟨Re,bb2⟩, are universal functions of the crowding parameter Φ for all studied systems.
Corrigendum: In silico Design of an Epitope-Based Vaccine Ensemble for Chagas Disease (2020)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02698.].