gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase separation in two-phase microfluidic heatexchangers (2011)

Two-phase microfluidic heat exchangers have the
potential to meet the large heat dissipation demands of high power
electronics and computing systems. Two-phase cooling systems face
practical challenges brought on by the growth and advection of the
vapor phase in the confined geometries, which lead to large
pressure drops, increased thermal resistance and the formation of
detrimental flow instabilities. One proposed solution to these
issues is phase separation, whereby the vapor is locally separated
from the two-phase flow through a porous hydrophobic membrane. This
dissertation describes a series of studies conducted to develop an
understanding of the factors that influence vapor separation and
its impact on the hydraulic and thermal characteristics of
two-phase heat exchangers. Flow phenomena are a critical component
in developing this understanding of phase separation. High speed
visualization of adiabatic and diabatic vaporizing flows was
carried out in a single 124µm by 98µm copper microchannel with a
65µm thick, 220nm pore diameter hydrophobic PTFE membrane wall.
During adiabatic air-water flow, wavy-stratified and stratified
flow dominated lower liquid velocities, while plug and annular type
flows dominated at the higher velocities. Analysis found that air
removal could be improved by increasing the venting area,
increasing the trans-membrane pressure or using thinner, high
permeability membranes. Diabatic water-vapor experiments with mass
flux velocities of 140 and 340 kg/s-m2 and exit qualities up to 20%
found that stratified type flows dominate at lower mass fluxes
while cyclical churn-annular flow became more prevalent at the
higher mass-flux and quality. The observed flow regimes are
hypothesized to play a significant role in determining the pressure
drop and heat transfer coefficient during flow boiling. To study
the impact of various geometric and membrane factors on the
performance of a phase separating microchannel heat exchanger
dissipating 100W of heat, a numerical model incorporating vapor
separation and transport during two-phase flow boiling in a
microchannel was developed. The impact of substrate thermal
conductivity and thickness, membrane permeability and thickness,
liquid channel density, liquid and vent channel diameter and
vent-to-liquid channel diameter ratio was studied and compared for
a standard non-venting heat exchanger, a vapor venting heat
exchanger and a non-venting heat exchanger occupying the same
increased volume as the venting heat exchanger. The numerical study
found that the venting heat exchanger had improved pressure drop
and device temperatures for all tested conditions when compared
against a standard heat exchanger but only under very limited
conditions when compared against the volumetrically equivalent
non-venting heat exchanger. The study indicates that the best
venting heat exchanger performance is achieved when the membrane
conductance is of the same order or higher than that of the
microchannel; this can be achieved through the use of thin high
permeability…
Secreted Proteases Control the Timing of Aggregative Community Formation in Vibrio cholerae (2021)

Abstract Bacteria orchestrate collective behaviors using the cell-cell communication process called quorum sensing (QS). QS relies on the synthesis, release, and group-wide detection of small molecules called autoinducers. In Vibrio cholerae , a multicellular community aggregation program occurs in liquid, during stationary phase, and in the high-cell-density QS state. Here, we demonstrate that this aggregation program consists of two subprograms. In one subprogram, which we call void formation, structures form that contain few cells but provide a scaffold within which cells can embed. The other subprogram relies on flagellar machinery and enables cells to enter voids. A genetic screen for factors contributing to void formation, coupled with companion molecular analyses, showed that four extracellular proteases, Vca0812, Vca0813, HapA, and PrtV control the onset timing of both void formation and aggregation, and moreover, proteolytic activity is required. These proteases, or their downstream products, can be shared between void-producing and non-void-forming cells and can elicit aggregation in a normally non-aggregating V. cholerae strain. Employing multiple proteases to control void formation and aggregation timing could provide a redundant and irreversible path to commitment to this community lifestyle. Importance Bacteria can work as collectives to form multicellular communities. Vibrio cholerae , the bacterium that causes the disease cholera in humans, forms aggregated communities in liquid. Aggregate formation relies on a chemical communication process called quorum sensing. Here we show that, beyond overarching control by quorum sensing, there are two aggregation subprograms. One subprogram, which we call void formation, creates a scaffold within which cells can embed. The second subprogram, which allows bacteria to enter the scaffold, requires motility. We discovered that four extracellular proteases control the timing of both void formation and aggregation. We argue that, by using redundant proteases, V. cholerae ensures the reliable execution of this community formation process. These findings may provide insight into how V. cholerae successfully alternates between the marine environment and the human host: transitions that are central to the spread of the disease cholera.
Isoflavonoid Profiling and Estrogen-Like Activity of Four Genista Species from the Greek Flora (2020)

As part of our ongoing research on phytoestrogens, we investigated the phytochemical profile and estrogen-like activities of eight extracts from the aerial parts of four <i>Genista</i> species of Greek flora using estrogen-responsive cell lines. Ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of <i>G. acanthoclada</i>, <i>G. depressa,</i><i>G. hassertiana,</i> and <i>G. millii</i> were obtained with accelerated solvent extraction and their phytochemical profiles were compared using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (uHPLC-HRMS). Fourteen isoflavonoids, previously isolated from <i>G. halacsyi</i>, were used as reference standards for their identification in the extracts. Thirteen isoflavonoids were detected in both extracts of <i>G. acanthoclada</i> and <i>G. hassertiana</i>, while fewer and far fewer were detected in <i>G. millii</i> and <i>G. depressa,</i> respectively. The ethyl acetate extracts of <i>G. hassertiana</i> and <i>G. acanthoclada</i> displayed 2.45- and 1.79-fold higher, respectively, estrogen-like agonist activity in Ishikawa cells compared to MCF-7 cells at pharmacologically relevant concentrations. Both these extracts, but not that of <i>G. depressa</i>, contained mono- and di-<i>O-</i>β-d-glucosides of genistein as well as the aglycone, all three of which are known to display full estrogen-like activity at lower-than-micromolar concentrations. The possibility of using preparations rich in <i>G. hassertiana</i> and/or <i>G. acanthoclada</i> extracts as a potentially safer substitute for low-dose vaginal estrogen for menopausal symptoms is discussed.
Stereoselective synthesis of renin inhibitor BILA 2157 BS (2000)

We have developed a convergent and stereoselective synthesis of orally active renin inhibitor BILA 2157 BS. Three building blocks were used to generate the basic skeleton of the inhibitor. The key feature consisted of the late elaboration of the 2-amino-4-thiazolyl heterocycle from a vinylbromide precursor. The synthetic sequence, which required a total of 22 chemical steps, provided 0.6 kg of BILA 2157 BS in 7.3% overall yield.Key words: renin, inhibitor, peptidomimetic, stereoselective synthesis.
Fast Nonnegative Matrix Factorization and Applications to Pattern Extraction, Deconvolution and Imputation (2018)

Abstract Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a technique widely used in various fields, including artificial intelligence (AI), signal processing and bioinformatics. However existing algorithms and R packages cannot be applied to large matrices due to their slow convergence, and cannot handle missing values. In addition, most NMF research focuses only on blind decompositions: decomposition without utilizing prior knowledge. We adapt the idea of sequential coordinate-wise descent to NMF to increase the convergence rate. Our NMF algorithm thus handles missing values naturally and integrates prior knowledge to guide NMF towards a more meaningful decomposition. To support its use, we describe a novel imputation-based method to determine the rank of decomposition. All our algorithms are implemented in the R package NNLM, which is freely available on CRAN.
Effects of EGR Dilution on Combustion and Emission Performance of a Compression Ignition Engine Fueled with Dimethyl Carbonate and 2-Ethylhexyl Nitrate Additive (2019)

The combination dimethyl carbonate (DMC)/diesel-blended fuels and the exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) can decrease nitrogen oxide (NOX) and soot emissions simultaneously emitted from the compression ignition engine. Nevertheless, the low cetane number of DMC/diesel mixtures at low loads results in a delayed combustion phase. The combustion phase has a significant influence on the engine emissions and combustion performance. Therefore, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN) must be added as cetane improver to fuel blends to ensure that the DMC/diesel mixtures have suitable combustion performance. In this paper, a four-cylinder diesel engine was used to investigate combustion and emissions performance. The five test fuels included diesel (D100) and a mixture of 20% DMC with 80% diesel (DMC20). In addition, EHN was added to DMC20 at ratios of 0.5%, 1%, and 2%. The results showed that the DMC20 increased the maximum heat release rate (MHRR), ignition delay (ID), and maximum pressure rise rate (MPRR) and reduced the soot emissions, nucleation, and accumulation mode particles. However, the brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) increased, and the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) decreased. Furthermore, when using the EGR, the NOX emission significantly decreased. When adding EHN to DMC20, the ID was shortened, the combustion phase advanced, and the MPRR decreased. The BTE first decreased and then increased with increasing EHN proportion. In general, use of the EGR coupled with DMC and EHN simultaneously decreased the NOX–soot emissions, and use of 0.5% and 1% EHN in combination with 20–30% EGR led to better engine emissions and combustion performance.
Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP) Payload Format for the Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband (VMR-WB) Audio Codec (2006)

This document specifies a real-time transport protocol (RTP) payload format to be used for the Variable-Rate Multimode Wideband (VMR-WB) speech codec. The payload format is designed to be able to interoperate with existing VMR-WB transport formats on non-IP networks. A media type registration is included for VMR-WB RTP payload format.
Antitumor activity of the PI3K δ-sparing inhibitor MEN1611 in PIK3CA mutated, trastuzumab-resistant HER2 + breast cancer (2023)

The profile of MEN1611 and its antitumoral activity suggest an improved profile as compared to pan-inhibitors, which are limited by a less than ideal safety profile, and isoform selective molecules, which may potentially promote development of resistance mechanisms. The compelling antitumor activity in combination with trastuzumab in HER2 + trastuzumab-resistant, PIK3CA mutated breast cancer models is at the basis of the ongoing B-Precise clinical trial (NCT03767335).
Relationship Between Supporting Paraboloids and Linear Programming for 2D Reflector Design (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text C. Canavesi, W. J. Cassarly, and J. P. Rolland, "Relationship Between Supporting Paraboloids and Linear Programming for 2D Reflector Design," in Frontiers in Optics 2012/Laser Science XXVIII, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper FTh3E.2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Recherche approximative de plus proches voisins efficace et sûre (2013)

National audience
Synthesis of Diverse Indole‐Containing Scaffolds by Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Tandem Reactions of 3‐Propargylindoles Initiated by 1,2‐Indole Migrations: Scope and Computational Studies (2010)

Similar to propargylic carboxylates and sulphides, 3-propargylindoles undergo 1,2-indole migrations under cationic gold(I) catalysis. The intermediate Au-carbenoid complex may evolve through different pathways depending on the substituents at the propargylic and terminal positions of the alkyne moiety. Thus, 3-indenylindole derivatives were easily obtained through formal iso-Nazarov or Nazarov cyclizations. DFT computations support the formation of an alkylidenecyclopropane intermediate that undergoes gold-iso-Nazarov or gold-Nazarov cyclizations upon torquoselective ring opening. In addition, 3-dienylindoles could be accessed when none of the referred pathways were accessible and so the intermediate Au-carbenoid complex evolved via a 1,2-C-H insertion reaction. We have also demonstrated that the final products can be obtained in a one-pot protocol from easily available propargylic alcohols and indoles.
Flux growth of pure Tb2O3 and highly Yb3+-doped cubic Gd2O3 and Y2O3 crystals for optical isolation and laser applications (poster) (2014)

International audience
Perinatal palliative care: is palliative care really available to everyone? (2018)

In recent years, the diagnostic-therapeutic developments in fetal and neonatal medicine have profoundly changed the medical and ethical context in which pediatric healthcare professionals work.
Balancing Hydraulic Flow and Fuel Injection Parameters for Low-Emission and High-Efficiency Automotive Diesel Engines (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The introduction of new light-duty vehicle emission limits to comply under real driving conditions (RDE) is pushing the diesel engine manufacturers to identify and improve the technologies and strategies for further emission reduction. The latest technology advancements on the after-treatment systems have permitted to achieve very low emission conformity factors over the RDE, and therefore, the biggest challenge of the diesel engine development is maintaining its competitiveness in the trade-off “CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-system cost” in comparison to other propulsion systems. In this regard, diesel engines can continue to play an important role, in the short-medium term, to enable cost-effective compliance of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-fleet emission targets, either in conventional or hybrid propulsion systems configuration. This is especially true for large-size cars, SUVs and light commercial vehicles.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this framework, a comprehensive approach covering the whole powertrain is of primary importance in order to simultaneously meet the performance, efficiency, noise and emission targets, and therefore, further development of the combustion system design and injection system represent important levers for additional improvements. For this purpose, a dedicated 0.5 dm&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; single-cylinder engine has been developed and equipped with, a state-of-the-art Euro 6 combustion system, and an advanced common rail fuel injection system (FIS) offering higher flexibility in terms of injection strategy and higher quantity accuracy. Three injector nozzles with different hydraulic flow rates (HF) have been selected and employed for the overall combustion process optimization.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The optimization has been performed by means of an extensive DoE-based test campaign in which the engine and FIS operating parameters have been parametrized with the aim to carry out a proper combination in terms of HF and injection strategy. The results at partial load conditions evidence significant advantages in applying an advanced injection pattern, while the HF reduction can significantly improve the smoke emission and combustion noise without fuel consumption penalties. Therefore, a proper combination and optimization of the HF and injection strategy can provide low noise and engine-out smoke while maintaining the rated power performance targets.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of Dietary Lactose on Cecal Morphology, pH, Organic Acids, and Salmonella enteritidis Organ Invasion in Leghorn Chicks (1993)

The effect of 14 or 19 days of 10% dietary lactose administration on Salmonella enteritidis (SE) colonization and histological, morphometric, and organic acid changes of the ceca were investigated. At Day 13 or 18, chicks were challenged with 10(8) cfu of SE. Chicks were killed and cultured 24 h later. A reduction in the total number of positive SE organ invasions was observed following 14 days (P < .001) or 19 days (P < .005) of treatment in chicks fed with lactose. Histological examination revealed a marked reduction in lamina propria thickness of ceca, as well as subjective epithelial cell proliferation from chicks following either 14 or 19 days of lactose administration. Using morphometric analysis, a reduction in the mean lamina propria thickness in chickens fed with lactose during 14 or 19 days was observed as compared with controls (P < .05). Yet, an increase (P < .05) in the mean epithelial cell length in both lactose-treated groups was observed as compared with controls. Lactose decreased luminal pH (P < .05) and increased the concentration of acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acid (P < .05). These data indicate that lactose-induced resistance to SE organ invasion is associated not only with an increase in organic acid concentration but also with measurable morphological changes of the cecal mucosa.
Cross-talk between G-protein and Protein Kinase C Modulation of N-type Calcium Channels Is Dependent on the G-protein β Subunit Isoform (2000)

The modulation of N-type calcium current by protein kinases and G-proteins is a factor in the fine tuning of neurotransmitter release. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of threonine 422 in the alpha(1B) calcium channel domain I-II linker region resulted in a dramatic reduction in somatostatin receptor-mediated G-protein inhibition of the channels and that the I-II linker consequently serves as an integration center for cross-talk between protein kinase C (PKC) and G-proteins (Hamid, J., Nelson, D., Spaetgens, R., Dubel, S. J., Snutch, T. P., and Zamponi, G. W. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 6195-6202). Here we show that opioid receptor-mediated inhibition of N-type channels is affected to a lesser extent compared with that seen with somatostatin receptors, hinting at the possibility that PKC/G-protein cross-talk might be dependent on the G-protein subtype. To address this issue, we have examined the effects of four different types of G-protein beta subunits on both wild type and mutant alpha(1B) calcium channels in which residue 422 has been replaced by glutamate to mimic PKC-dependent phosphorylation and on channels that have been directly phosphorylated by protein kinase C. Our data show that phosphorylation or mutation of residue 422 antagonizes the effect of Gbeta(1) on channel activity, whereas Gbeta(2), Gbeta(3), and Gbeta(4) are not affected. Our data therefore suggest that the observed cross-talk between G-proteins and protein kinase C modulation of N-type channels is a selective feature of the Gbeta(1) subunit.
Preclinical design of less immunogenic biologics: Tregitopes and Tolerance (144.28) (2010)

Abstract The contributions of effector T cell epitopes to autoimmunity and to the clinical immunogenicity of protein therapeutics are now broadly accepted. In allergy and autoimmunity, efforts are directed at broad suppression of cell-mediated immune responses. We have explored the effects of pre-treatment with natural regulatory T cell epitopes (Tregitopes) in murine models of autoimmune disease and protein therapeutics treatment. These natural Tregitopes are promiscuous MHC Class II T cell epitopes identified in IgG. The effect of Tregitopes has been studied in vitro and in vivo. Investigations using standard animal models of allergy (OVA), transplantation (MLR, cardiac transplant), protein therapeutics (OVA, FVIII) and autoimmunity (EAE, NOD) have demonstrated that tolerance to a range of antigens can be induced by co-administration of the Tregitopes. Tregitopes specifically activate CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ natural regulatory T cells. In vitro, co-incubation of antigens with Tregitopes leads to suppression of effector cytokine and chemokine secretion, reduced proliferation, and expansion of antigen-specific adaptive Tregs. In vivo, co-administration leads to suppression of T cell and antibody responses to the test antigens. These corroborating studies have now validated the original finding published by De Groot et al. (Blood 2008). Regulatory T cell induction by Tregitopes represents a paradigm shift for the treatment of autoimmune disease and the design of protein therapeutics.
Optimal medical therapy for coronary artery disease (2021)

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in the United States and the developed world and is becoming increasingly more prevalent globally. Indeed, in less developed nations, cardiovascular disease is now a relatively greater burden than in more developed economies. It is currently the number one cause of death worldwide, as a result of two phenomena, namely increased life expectancy due to successful treatment/prevention of infectious disease as well as increased exposure to known risk factors such as tobacco use, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Cardiovascular disease is typically the result of atherosclerosis which can present as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease, or aortic atherosclerosis. Given the generalized disease process, many individuals develop and present with more than one clinical manifestation. This has important implications for screening, for example, in patients presenting with clinically evident peripheral arterial disease, consideration should be given for screening to detect the presence of asymptomatic coronary artery disease.