gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Perspectives in Myringoplasty (1984)

Until 1950 the treatment of a perforated eardrum consisted of covering the drum permanently with artificial material. Since then a surgical technique to establish a functional reconstruction of the eardrum was developed (myringoplasty). A survey of the biological grafting materials used in this technique is given. Biodegradable and non-degradable synthetic materials may prove to be a valuable supplement of the existing biological grafting materials. Artificial eardrums made from several biodegradable poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) and poly(alpha-amino acids) and made from a number of microporous poly(tetrafluorethylene) membranes and from a microporous bisphenol-A poly(carbonate) membrane were implanted into the ears of rats and dogs and as a reference subcutaneously. The implants were histologically examined for periods up to one year. From the biodegradable polymers studied poly(beta-benzyl-L-aspartate-co-L-leucine) 50/50 evoked the least tissue reaction and the newly formed eardrums were the best in terms of thickness and overall integrity. The formation of a reinforced eardrum may be accomplished by the support of an inert, very thin, highly porous poly(tetrafluoroethylene membrane) preferably implanted as a composite graft with a biodegradable polymer.
[The purchase behavior of prepackaged food and its determinants among primary and middle school students in 6 provinces of China]. (2022)

<b>Objective:</b> To examine the purchase behaviors of prepackaged food and its determinants among primary and middle school students in 6 provinces of China. <b>Methods:</b> A multi-stage sampling strategy was adopted to select 2 499 primary and middle school students and their parents from the eastern region of China(Beijing, Jiangsu Province, Guangdong Province), the northeast region(Heilongjiang Province), the central region(Henan Province) and the western region(Sichuan Province) from July 2020 to March 2021. Socio-demographic characteristics of students and their parents, eating-related behaviors and the purchase behaviors of prepackaged food of students, and parents' attitudes towards students' eating behavior were collected through questionnaire towards students and their parents. The χ² test was conducted to compare the purchase behaviors in different groups of students, and multivariate logistic stepwise regression analysis was used to analyze the determinants among primary and middle school students. <b>Results:</b> The age of 2 499 participants was(12.7±2.5) years. There were 1 272(50.9%) females and 1 279(51.2%) middle school students. About 1 404(56.2%) students bought prepackaged food. The top 6 prepackaged foods bought at least once a week were milk and dairy products(74.6%), baked food(58.7%), beverages(42.8%), puffed food(40.8%), chocolate and candy(39.8%), and nuts and dried fruits(37.5%). The multivariate logistic regression model analysis results showed that compared with primary school students, rural students, non-boarding students, students who did not like snacks and students whose parents paid attention to their children eating snacks, middle school students(<i>OR</i>=3.36, 95%<i>CI:</i>2.73-4.12), urban students(<i>OR</i>=1.33, 95%<i>CI:</i>1.11-1.61), boarding students(<i>OR</i>=2.15, 95%<i>CI:</i>1.66-2.79), students who liked snacks(<i>OR</i>=2.01, 95%<i>CI:</i>1.66-2.43), students whose parents did not pay attention to their children eating snacks(<i>OR</i>=1.27, 95%<i>CI:</i>1.05-1.54) were more likely to buy prepackaged food by themselves. Compared with students whose parents had education level of junior high school and below, students whose parents had education level of undergraduate and above(<i>OR</i>=0.70, 95%<i>CI:</i>0.53-0.92) were less likely to buy prepackaged food by themselves. Compared with students whose family monthly income was less than 5 000 yuan, students whose family monthly income was over 10 000 yuan(<i>OR</i>=0.67, 95%<i>CI:</i>0.52-0.87) were less likely to buy prepackaged food by themselves. <b>Conclusion:</b> Many primary and middle school students buy prepackaged food by themselves in 6 provinces of China. Individual characteristics such as grade, place of residence, boarding status, as well as family environment such as parents' education level, monthly income and concern about children eating snacks are the influencing factors of purchasing prepackaged food.
Hemoglobin and Plasma Vitamin C Levels in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis (2010)

These data indicate that plasma Vit C is positively associated with higher Hb level. Vit C status could play a major role in helping PD patients to utilize iron for erythropoiesis and achieve a better Hb response during anemia management.
Quantum Dot Lasers: High Speed Evanescent Quantum‐Dot Lasers on Si (Laser Photonics Rev. 15(8)/2021) (2021)

In article number 2100057, John E. Bowers, Yating Wan, Chao Xiang, and co-workers report record-setting quantum dot (QD) distributed feedback lasers on Si with a 3-dB modulation bandwidth of 13 GHz, a threshold current of 4 mA, a side-mode-suppression-ratio of 60 dB, and a fundamental linewidth of 26 kHz. The broadband QD lasers and the Si-on-insulator waveguiding platform can be expanded to build fully functional photonic integrated circuits throughout the O band.
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dogs and cats during the early and mid-pandemic periods in Japan (2023)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has continued to circulate in humans since its emergence in 2019. While infection in humans continues, numerous spillover events to at least 32 animal species, including companion and zoo animals, have been reported. Since dogs and cats are highly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and have direct contact with their owners and other household members, it is important to know the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats. Here, we established an ELISA to detect serum antibodies against the receptor-binding domain and the ectodomain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike and nucleocapsid proteins. Using this ELISA, we assessed seroprevalence in 488 dog serum samples and 355 cat serum samples that were collected during the early pandemic period (between May and June of 2020) and 312 dog serum samples and 251 cat serum samples that were collected during the mid-pandemic period (between October 2021 and January 2022). We found that two dog serum samples (0.41%) collected in 2020, one cat serum sample (0.28%) collected in 2020, and four cat serum samples (1.6%) collected in 2021 were positive for antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. No dog serum samples collected in 2021 were positive for these antibodies. We conclude that the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in dogs and cats in Japan is low, suggesting that these animals are not a major SARS-CoV-2 reservoir.
Progressive Coordinate Transforms for Monocular 3D Object Detection (2021)

Recognizing and localizing objects in the 3D space is a crucial ability for an AI agent to perceive its surrounding environment. While significant progress has been achieved with expensive LiDAR point clouds, it poses a great challenge for 3D object detection given only a monocular image. While there exist different alternatives for tackling this problem, it is found that they are either equipped with heavy networks to fuse RGB and depth information or empirically ineffective to process millions of pseudo-LiDAR points. With in-depth examination, we realize that these limitations are rooted in inaccurate object localization. In this paper, we propose a novel and lightweight approach, dubbed {\em Progressive Coordinate Transforms} (PCT) to facilitate learning coordinate representations. Specifically, a localization boosting mechanism with confidence-aware loss is introduced to progressively refine the localization prediction. In addition, semantic image representation is also exploited to compensate for the usage of patch proposals. Despite being lightweight and simple, our strategy leads to superior improvements on the KITTI and Waymo Open Dataset monocular 3D detection benchmarks. At the same time, our proposed PCT shows great generalization to most coordinate-based 3D detection frameworks. The code is available at: https://github.com/amazon-research/progressive-coordinate-transforms .
Analysis and improvement in region-of-interest tomography (1984)

This paper shows a Fourier domain analysis of dual-sampling region-of-interest x-ray tomography and proposes a method to decrease the artifacts caused by the undersampling errors. Computer simulation is also presented.
Quantum noise properties of superluminescent diodes (1985)

Poisson noise behavior is generally observed in incoherent sources such as incandescent lamps and light-emitting diodes,1 for which the average number of photons n emitted in a single mode of the optical field in a time τ (i.e., in a single spatial mode and polarization and in frequency range Δv such that Δvτ = 1) is much less than 1. However, for larger values of n, as in a high pressure gas discharge lamp, excess noise resulting from the beating of independent spontaneously emitted photons has been observed.2 In this paper, measurements of the excess noise in SLDs are reported and the results explained in terms of a statistical model for amplified spontaneous emission. Implications for the design of fiber optic gyroscopes are also discussed.
A Novel Sonification Strategy for Auditory Display of Heart Rate and Oxygen Saturation Changes in Clinical Settings (2012)

The results can be applied to clinical monitoring settings in which a stream of discrete auditory informational items is indicated.
On the evaluation of multichannel blind system identification from the viewpoint of system equalization (2016)

The normalized projection misalignment (NPM), which is a measure of blind system identification (BSI), is studied in the context of multichannel speech dereverberation. The NPM errors are convolved with the multichannel equalization filters, and the angle between vectors obtained from channel-wise NPM errors convolving with equalization filters is computed. The mean squared error (MSE), which is a measure of system equalization, is computed both channel-wise and in total. The NPM is compared with the total MSE. Statistical results show that the angle is always close to π for 2-channel systems, and the channels-wise MSE is higher the total MSE, because the channel-wise equalized errors cancel each other substantially when they sum up; though the difference between NPM and MSE is large, the peaks and valleys of them agree with each other well among different systems; the NPM results among different systems vary in a large range.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐(2′S,3′R)‐Zoapatanol. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clinical Proteomics:  Revolutionizing Disease Detection and Patient Tailoring Therapy (2004)

The evolving discipline of Clinical Proteomics is more than simply describing and enumerating the systematic changes in the protein constituency of a cell, or just generating lists of proteins that increase or decrease in expression as a cause or consequence of disease. Clinical applications of proteomics involve the use of proteomic technologies at the bedside with the ultimate goal to characterize the information flow through the intra- and extracellular molecular protein networks that interconnect organ and circulatory systems together. These networks are both new targets for therapeutics themselves as well as underpin the dynamic changes that give rise to cascades of new diagnostic biomarkers. The analysis of human cancer can be used as a model for how clinical proteomics is having an impact at the bedside for early detection, rational therapeutic targeting, and patient-tailored therapy.
Multi-factor segmentation for topic visualization and recommendation (2013)

This paper presents the MUST-VIS system for the MediaMixer/VideoLectures.NET Temporal Segmentation and Annotation Grand Challenge. The system allows users to visualize a lecture as a series of segments represented by keyword clouds, with relations to other similar lectures and segments. Segmentation is performed using a multi-factor algorithm which takes advantage of the audio (through automatic speech recognition and word-based segmentation) and video (through the detection of actions such as writing on the blackboard). The similarity across segments and lectures is computed using a content-based recommendation algorithm. Overall, the graph-based representation of segment similarity appears to be a promising and cost-effective approach to navigating lecture databases.
Sulfated Alkyl Oligosaccharides Inhibit Human Immunodeficiency virus in vitro and Provide Sustained Drug Levels in Mammals (1995)

This study provides an estimate of the relative anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities of synthetic sulfated alkyl oligosaccharides in vitro and of their mechanism of action, and an assessment of the levels of alkyl oligosaccharides in small mammals. The antiviral activities of the compounds against several human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and type-2 strains were determined in human CD4 + cells, including primary lymphocytes and macrophages. Laser flow cytometry and a cell-based syncytium assay were used to elucidate the anti-binding/fusion properties of the oligosaccharides. The sulfated alkyl laminarioligosaccharide DL-110 was shown to be the most potent and selective anti-HIV agent in culture with a median inhibitory concentration of 0.2 μM in primary human lymphocytes. This compound did not markedly interact with the CD4 + receptor on lymphocytes at 50 μM, but demonstrated potent anti-syncytium properties in vitro at submicromolar concentrations. DL-110 had no anti-coagulation activity at 38 μM. Mice, rabbits and beagle dogs were given an intravenous injection of test compounds and the drug levels in serum were quantified. When 32 mg kg −1 of DL-110 was administered to mice, significant antiviral concentrations in serum were achieved even 12 h after treatment. Similarly, prolonged antiviral effects were noted in rabbits and dogs 24 h after injection of DL-110. The half-life of DL-110 in mice, rabbits and dogs was estimated to be 5 h. DL-110 and some of its derivatives are promising candidates for further evaluation of the prophylaxis and therapy of HIV infections.
Quantum detection with uncertain states (2005)

We address the problem of distinguishing among a finite collection of quantum states, when the states are not entirely known. For completely specified states, necessary and sufficient conditions on a quantum measurement minimizing the probability of a detection error have been derived. In this work, we assume that each of the states in our collection is a mixture of a known state and an unknown state. We investigate two criteria for optimality. The first is minimization of the worst-case probability of a detection error. For the second we assume a probability distribution on the unknown states, and minimize the expected probability of a detection error. We find that under both criteria, the optimal detectors are equivalent to the optimal detectors of an effective ensemble. In the worst case, the effective ensemble is comprised of the known states with altered prior probabilities, and in the average case it is made up of altered states with the original prior probabilities.
Anti-inflammatory dihydroxanthones from a Diaporthe species (2021)

In a search for anti-inflammatory compounds from fungi inhibiting the promoter activity of the small chemokine CXCL10 (Interferon-inducible protein 10, IP-10) as a pro-inflammatory marker gene, the new dihydroxanthone methyl (1<i>R</i>, 2<i>R</i>)-1,2,8-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-9-oxo-2,9-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-xanthene-1-carboxylate (<b>2</b>) and the previously described dihydroxanthone AGI-B4 (<b>1</b>) were isolated from fermentations of a <i>Diaporthe</i> species. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by a combination of one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and calculations using density functional theory (DFT). Compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> inhibited the LPS/IFNγ induced CXCL10 promoter activity in transiently transfected human MonoMac6 cells in a dose-dependent manner with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 4.1 µM (±0.2 µM) and 1.0 µM (±0.06 µM) respectively. Moreover, compounds <b>1</b> and <b>2</b> reduced mRNA levels and synthesis of pro-inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines in LPS/IFNγ stimulated MonoMac6 cells by interfering with the Stat1 and NFκB pathway.
Involvement of N-acetyltransferase human in the cytotoxic activity of 5-fluorouracil (2009)

N-acetyltransferase human (NATH) participates in a posttranslational modification of the proteins and has been reported to play a role in apoptosis. In this study, the involvement of NATH in the cytotoxic action of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in human squamous cell carcinoma HEp-2 cells was examined. We found that 5-FU decreased NATH expression in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. No change was observed after treatment with bleomycin, nedaplatin, mitomycin C, or methotrexate. Interestingly, knockdown of NATH by small interfering RNA resulted in the downregulation of thymidylate synthase mRNA expression and induced apoptosis. Conversely, NATH overexpression facilitated cell proliferation independent of the presence of 5-FU. The effect of NATH knockdown on the expression of proteins in HEp-2 cells was examined using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Profilin 1, CutA, ras-related nuclear protein, annexin A5, enolase 1, and elongation factor 1 alpha 1 were found to be upregulated and 14-3-3eta, tublin, nuclear auto antigenic sperm protein, heat shock protein 70, and heat shock protein 90 were downregulated by knockdown of NATH. The results of this study suggest that NATH plays an important role in the cytotoxic activity of 5-FU.
Lack of Correlation Between Cortical Demyelination and White Matter Pathologic Changes in Multiple Sclerosis (2007)

The lack of association of MS gray matter demyelination with diffuse or focal WM changes indicates that gray matter demyelination in MS occurs largely independent of WM pathologic changes. The extent or distribution of WM abnormalities cannot be used to identify extensive cortical demyelination in the clinical setting.
Electric Drives with Wide Bandgap Devices for Two-Phase Very Low Inductance Machines (2020)

Slotless and coreless machines with low inductance and low core losses are attractive for high speed and high power density applications. With the increase in fundamental frequency, typical drive implementations using conventional silicon-based devices are performance limited and also produce large current and torque ripples. This paper presents a systematic study of proposed drive configurations implemented with wide bandgap (WBG) devices in order to mitigate such issues for 2-phase very low inductance machines. Two inverter topologies, i.e., a dual H-bridge inverter with maximum redundancy and survivability and a 3-leg inverter for reduced cost, are considered. Feasible modulation schemes are derived based on theoretical analysis and the associated maximum output voltages are identified. Simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the feasibility of drive systems and the effectiveness of analysis.
SpecialTime (2019)

Parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) helps parents improve the quality of interaction with children who have behavior problems. The therapy trains parents to use effective dialogue acts when interacting with their children. Besides weekly coaching by therapists, the therapy relies on deliberate practice of skills by parents in their homes. We developed SpecialTime, a system that provides parents engaged in PCIT with automatic, real-time feedback on their dialogue act use. To do this, we first created a dataset of 6,022 parent dialogue acts, annotated by experts with dialogue act labels that therapists use to code parent speech. We then developed an algorithm that classifies the dialogue acts into 8 classes with an overall accuracy of 78%. To test the system in an actual clinical setting, we conducted a one month pilot study with four parents currently in therapy. The results suggest that automatic feedback on spoken dialogue acts is possible in PCIT, and that parents find the automatic feedback useful.
Development of Environmentally Friendly Material for Printed Wiring Boards without Halogen and Phosphorus Flame-Retarding Additives. (2002)

環境負荷の大きいハロゲン系やリン系の難燃剤を一切使用しなくても, 高度な難燃性と実用性を達成できる, 環境調和型のプリント配線板用ガラスエポキシ積層板を開発した。本プリント配線板は, ノボラック構造中に芳香族化合物をもつフェノールρ-キシレン型のエポキシ樹脂と硬化剤に加えて, 最少量の金属水酸化物を使用しており, 安全な廃棄処理 (焼却, 埋めたて) やサーマルリサイクルが可能である。さらに, 本配線板は, 電気特性, はんだ耐熱性, 加工性などの実用性にも優れている。
Genetic composition of contemporary swine influenza viruses in the West Central region of the United States of America (2011)

Among the 25 viruses studied, we have not found any gene segments of Eurasian origin. Our results suggest that pandemic H1N1 viruses diverged and are not directly descended from swine viruses that have been circulating in USA since 1998.
Cα‐Methyl proline: A unique example of split personality (2007)

Methylation at the C(alpha)-position of a Pro residue was expected to lock the preceding tertiary amide (omega) torsion angle of the resulting (alphaMe)Pro to the trans disposition and to restrict the phi,psi surface to the single region where the 3(10)/alpha-helices are found (in this five-membered ring residue phi is severely constrained to about +/-65 degrees by its cyclic nature). The results of the present X-ray diffraction work on a selected set of four N(alpha)-blocked, (alphaMe)Pro-containing, dipeptide N'-alkylamides clearly show that, although the region of the conformational map largely preferred by (alphaMe)Pro would indeed be that typical of 3(10)/alpha-helices, the semi-extended [type-II poly(Pro)(n) helix] region can also be explored by this extremely sterically demanding C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acid. In addition, the known high propensity for beta-turn formation of the Pro residue is further enhanced in peptides based on its C(alpha)-methylated derivative.
Erratum for the Research Article: “Mitigation of tracheobronchomalacia with 3D-printed personalized medical devices in pediatric patients” by R. J. Morrison, S. J. Hollister, M. F. Niedner, M. G. Mahani, A. H. Park, D. K. Mehta, R. G. Ohye, G. E. Green (2015)

In the manuscript “Mitigation of tracheobronchomalacia with 3D-printed personalized medical devices in pediatric patients,” patients 1 and 2 were incorrectly identified as being 39 months post-operation; patient 1 is 38 months post-implantation, and patient 2 is 14 months post-implantation. These changes have been made in the text and figures to accurately reflect ages and surgeries. The PDF and HTML (full text) have been corrected.
The obsessive compulsive leader: a manager's mandate for perfection or destruction (2009)

Individuals with obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) attempt to maintain a sense of control through painstaking attention to rules, trivial details, procedures, lists, schedules … to the extent that the major point of the activity is lost. They are excessively careful and prone to repetition and … oblivious to the fact that other people tend to become very annoyed at the delays and inconveniences that result from this behavior.(APA, 2000, p. 725)
High Positive Predictive Value of Multitarget Stool DNA After Aerodigestive Tract Radiotherapy (2022)

With a test positivity rate and PPV for CRN similar to reports among average-risk patients, prior RT does not appear to adversely affect mt-sDNA performance.