gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Investigation on Cell Selection Schemes Associated with Downlink Inter-Cell Interference Coordination in Heterogeneous Networks for LTE-Advanced (2011)

In Long-Term Evolution (LTE)-Advanced, a heterogeneous network in which femtocells and picocells overlay macrocells is being extensively discussed in addition to traditional well-planned macrocell deployment to improve further the system throughput. In heterogeneous network deployment, cell selection as well as inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) is very important to improve the system and cell-edge throughput. Therefore, this paper investigates three cell selection methods associated with ICIC in heterogeneous networks in the LTE-Advanced downlink: Signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR)-based cell selection, reference signal received power (RSRP)-based cell selection, and reference signal received quality (RSRQ)-based cell selection. The results of simulations (4 picocells and 25 sets of user equipment are uniformly located within 1 macrocell) that assume a full buffer model show that the downlink cell and cell-edge user throughput levels of RSRP-based cell selection are degraded by approximately 2% and 11% compared to those for SINR-based cell selection under the condition of maximizing the cell-edge user throughput due to the impairment of the interference level. Furthermore, it is shown that the downlink cell-edge user throughput of RSRQ-based cell selection is improved by approximately 5%, although overall cell throughput is degraded by approximately 6% compared to that for SINR-based cell selection under the condition of maximizing the cell-edge user throughput.
Semisynthetic teicoplanin derivatives with dual antimicrobial activity against SARS-CoV-2 and multiresistant bacteria (2022)

Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 risk co-infection with Gram-positive bacteria, which severely affects their prognosis. Antimicrobial drugs with dual antiviral and antibacterial activity would be very useful in this setting. Although glycopeptide antibiotics are well-known as strong antibacterial drugs, some of them are also active against RNA viruses like SARS-CoV-2. It has been shown that the antiviral and antibacterial efficacy can be enhanced by synthetic modifications. We here report the synthesis and biological evaluation of seven derivatives of teicoplanin bearing hydrophobic or superbasic side chain. All but one teicoplanin derivatives were effective in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 replication in VeroE6 cells. One lipophilic and three perfluoroalkyl conjugates showed activity against SARS-CoV-2 in human Calu-3 cells and against HCoV-229E, an endemic human coronavirus, in HEL cells. Pseudovirus entry and enzyme inhibition assays established that the teicoplanin derivatives efficiently prevent the cathepsin-mediated endosomal entry of SARS-CoV-2, with some compounds inhibiting also the TMPRSS2-mediated surface entry route. The teicoplanin derivatives showed good to excellent activity against Gram-positive bacteria resistant to all approved glycopeptide antibiotics, due to their ability to dually bind to the bacterial membrane and cell-wall. To conclude, we identified three perfluoralkyl and one monoguanidine analog of teicoplanin as dual inhibitors of Gram-positive bacteria and SARS-CoV-2.
Axially symmetric dual‐reflectarray antennas (2014)

An axially symmetric dual‐reflectarray antenna is proposed. A main reflectarray is designed to mimic a paraboloidal main reflector, and a sub‐reflectarray is designed to mimic a hyperboloidal or an ellipsoidal sub‐reflector. The dual‐reflectarray antenna is more compact than the conventional curved dual reflector. The dual‐reflectarray antenna is designed at W‐band and compared with its equivalent Cassegrain antenna.
Growth Factor Regulation of Physiologic Angiogenesis in the Mammary Gland (2001)

During embryogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels occurs via two processes: vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Vasculogenesis involves the de novo differentation of endothelial cells from mesoderm-derived precursors called angioblasts, which then cluster and reorganize to form capillary-like tubes (Risau and Flamme, 1995). Once the primary vascular plexus is formed, new capillaries form by sprouting or by splitting (intussusception) from preexisting capillaries in the processes called sprouting or nonsprouting angiogenesis, respectively (Risau, 1997). In postnatal life, the growth of normal as well as neoplastic tissues depends on angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is particularly important for normal reproductive function, including the cyclical growth of capillaries within the ovary (required for ovulation and corpus luteum formation) and the endometrium (required for regeneration following menstruation). Angiogenesis also occurs following implantation of the blastocyst, and is required for the formation of the placenta (Findlay, 1986). This chapter discusses the role of physiologic angiogenesis and angiogenic growth factors in relation to mammary gland function.
THE INFLUENCE OF POLYPEPTIDE LIVER COMPLEX AND TETRAPEPTIDE ON ORGANISM PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTION IN NORM AND AGE-RELATED PATHOLOGY (2020)

Применение большого числа лекарственных средств у лиц пожилого и старческого возраста часто приводит к нарушению функции печени. При этом с возрастом повышается риск развития цирроза печени, острого и хронического гепатита, что обусловливает необходимость поиска эффективных и безопасных гепатопротекторов. В обзоре приведены данные исследования гепатопротекторных, иммуномодулирующих и геропротекторных свойств полипептидного комплекса, экстрагированного из печени телят (Вентвил) и тетрапептида KEDA ( Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala , Ливаген). В моделях экспериментальной патологии печени у животных (острый и хронический гепатит, цирроз) и исследованиях in vitro показана высокая эффективность Вентвила и пептида KEDA . Вентвил и пептид KEDA обладают сходными свойствами - приводят к норме иммунный и антиоксидантный статус, восстанавливают функции печени при гепатите. Показано, что наибольшее гепато-и иммунопротекторное действие пептидов проявляется при старении. The applying of many drugs in elderly and old people often is the reason of liver dysfunction. Thereat, the risk of liver ﬁbroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis increases during aging. It is the reason to ﬁnd new, effective and harmless hepatoprotectors. In the review is shown the data of hepatoprotective, immunoprotective and antiageing properties of liver polypeptide complex (Ventvil) and KEDA tetrapeptide ( Lys-Glu-Asp-Ala , Livagen). In liver pathology experimental models (liver ﬁbroid induration, acute and chronic hepatitis) in amimals and in vitro was shown high efﬁciency of Ventvil and KEDA peptide. Ventvil and KEDA peptide had concordant effects - normalized immune and antioxidant status, restored liver function during hepatitis. It was demonstrated, that maximal hepato- and immunoprotective effect of peptides veriﬁed in aging.
Promoters influence the kinetics of transgene expression following adenovector gene delivery (2007)

These results demonstrate that the in vivo kinetics of transgene expression by adenovectors is greatly influenced by the promoter. Adenovectors can be designed to deliver a transient bolus or a sustained level of protein expression in the target tissue depending on the requirements for particular indications. These results have implications for both therapeutic and vaccine indications.
Flame-retardant paper from wood fibers functionalized via layer-by-layer assembly (2016)

The highly flammable character of cellulose-rich fibers from wood limits their use in some advanced materials. To suppress the flammability and introduce flame-retardant properties to individual pulp fibers, we deposited nanometer thin films consisting of cationic chitosan (CH) and anionic poly(vinylphosphonic acid) (PVPA) on fibers using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The buildup of the multilayer film was investigated in the presence and absence of salt (NaCl) using model cellulose surfaces and a quartz crystal microbalance technique. Fibers were then treated with the same strategy, and the treated fibers were used to prepare paper sheets. A horizontal flame test (HFT) and cone calorimetry were conducted to evaluate the combustion behavior of paper sheets as a function of the number of bilayers deposited on fibers. In HFT, paper made of fibers coated with 20 CH/PVPA bilayers (BL), self-extinguished the flame, while uncoated fibers were completely consumed. Scanning electron microscopy of charred paper after HFT revealed that a thin shell of the charred polymeric multilayer remained after the cellulose fibers had been completely oxidized. Cone calorimetry demonstrated that the phosphorus-containing thin films (20 BL is ∼25 nm) reduced the peak heat release rate by 49%. This study identifies a unique and highly effective way to impart flame-retardant characteristic to pulp fibers and the papers made from these fibers.
Dually Enzyme- and Acid-Triggered Self-Immolative Ketal Glycoside Nanoparticles for Effective Cancer Prodrug Monotherapy (2020)

The use of glycoside prodrugs is a promising strategy for developing new targeted medicines for chemotherapy. However, the <i>in vivo</i> utility of such prodrugs is hindered by insufficient activation and the lack of convenient synthetic methods. We have developed an innovative strategy for synthesizing ketal glycoside prodrugs that are unique in being activated by a dual enzyme- and acid-triggered self-immolative mechanism. Amphiphilic glucosyl acetone-based ketal-linked etoposide glycoside prodrug isomers were synthesized and fabricated into excipient-free nanoparticles for effective cancer prodrug monotherapy. Hydrolysis of the glycosidic linkage or the ketal linkage triggered hydrolysis of the other linkage, which resulted in spontaneous self-immolative hydrolysis of the prodrugs. Nanoparticles of the prodrug isomer that was the most labile in a lysosome-mimicking environment displayed high intratumoral accumulation and strong antitumor activity in an A549 xenograft mouse model. Our strategy may be useful for the development of stimulus-responsive self-immolative prodrugs and their nanomedicines.
Molecular and crystal structures of 1R,4S-2-(4-carbomethoxy)benzylidene-n-menthan-3-one (2001)

The molecular and crystal structures of chiral 1R,4S-2-(4-carbomethoxy)benzylidene-n-menthan-3-one (I) are determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystals I are orthorhombic; at 20°C: a = 11.961(3) Å, b = 26.453(8) Å, c = 5.400(2) Å, space group P212121, and Z = 4 (C19H25O3). In molecule I, the cyclohexanone ring with the axial methyl and isopropyl substituents adopts a chair conformation. It is found that the enone and arylidene fragments of compound I have a substantially nonplanar structure. The shortened intramolecular contacts between atoms of the arylidene grouping and the α fragment of the cyclohexanone ring and their associated distortions of bond angles at the sp 2 carbon atoms are the common structural features of 2-arylidene-n-menthan-3-ones irrespective of the stereochemical configuration of the C(4) chiral center.
Stability of Thermophilic Cytochrome P450 Modified with Poly(ethylene oxide) in Ionic Liquid (2006)

Abstract Cytochrome P450 from the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7 (P450st) was chemically modified with activated poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to make it more soluble in ionic liquid and in which Raman spectra results show the structural stability in the five coordinate high-spin state even at a temperature of 120 °C.
Bid Is Cleaved by Calpain to an Active Fragment in Vitro and during Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion (2001)

Reperfusion after myocardial ischemia is associated with a rapid influx of calcium, leading to activation of various enzymes including calpain. Isolated perfused adult rabbit hearts subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion were studied. Calpain or a calpain-like activity was activated within 15 min after reperfusion, and preconditioning suppressed calpain activation. In contrast, caspase activation was not detected although cytochrome c was released after ischemia and reperfusion. The pro-apoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family member, Bid, was cleaved during ischemia/reperfusion in the adult rabbit heart. Recombinant Bid was cleaved by calpain to a fragment that was able to mediate cytochrome c release. The calpain cleavage site was mapped to a region within Bid that is extremely susceptible to proteolysis. These findings suggest that there is cross-talk between apoptotic and necrotic pathways in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
An Investigation into the Causes of COSS Losses in GaN-on-Si HEMTs (2019)

In high-frequency, soft-switched power converters, off-state losses from resonantly charging and discharging the semiconductor output capacitor, or "C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OSS</sub> losses", have severely limited the achievable performance. In this work, we investigate the origin of these losses in GaN-on-Si High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs) using TCAD simulation and experimental techniques, and find that C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OSS</sub> losses can be separated into resistive loss and GaN-stack trap related loss. The resistive loss, or i <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> R losses, are a combination of resistance in the GaN stack and the Si substrate, and we detail the effect of displacement current through the highly-resistive substrate layer. The GaN-stack trap-related loss is dominated by trapping dynamics. An estimated contribution percentage from these two dominant loss mechanisms is calculated and presented to focus future efforts on solving these two problems.Our insights are supported by device simulation and experimental, including supplementing the Sawyer-Tower test technique with external substrate resistors and temperature variation. From device simulation, we observe the expected dependence of substrate displacement current on dV/dt, and the importance of resistive loss is further confirmed with an experimental Sawyer-Tower test with an external resistor attached to the substrate. Under the assumption that the resistive loss is insensitive to temperature change, GaN-stack trap related loss is investigated with the temperature-controlled Sawyer-Tower test, pointing to the criticality of trapping dynamics in C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OSS</sub> losses.
Linear Polarizers Based on Oriented Polymer Blends (1998)

Linear sheet polarizers based on the anisotropic scattering of light by drawn polymer blends are introduced here. The proper selection of materials and processing conditions for the production of large-area, flexible films of phase-segregated polymer blends suitable for polarization applications are discussed. The Figure shows an SEM micrograph of a fracture surface of such a polymer blend.
OFDM Error Vector Magnitude Distortion Analysis (2006)

We derived explicit formulas for evaluating the error vector magnitude (EVM) from the amplitude distortion (AM-AM) and phase distortion (AM-PM) of power amplifiers (PAs) in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, such as the IEEE 802.1 1a/g wireless local area networks (WLANs) standards. We demonstrated that the developed formulas allowed EVM simulation of a memoryless PA using only a single-tone response (i.e. without OFDM modulation and demodulation), thus enabling us to easily simulate the EVM using a harmonic-balance (HB) simulator. This HB simulation technique reduced the processing time required to simulate the EVM of a PA for the IEEE 802.1 1a standard by a factor of ten compared to a system-level (SL) simulation. We also demonstrated that the measured EVM of a PA module for the IEEE 802.11g could accurately be predicted by applying the measured static AM-AM and AM-PM characteristics to the derived formulas.
Chain-matrix analysis of arbitrary-thickness dielectric reflection gratings (1982)

A simple but rigorous chain-matrix analysis is used to determine the plane-wave diffraction efficiencies and angular selectivities of planar pure-reflection gratings (zero-slant angle) of arbitrary thickness, arbitrary-starting and arbitrary-ending conditions, and arbitrary incidence angle. The results from rigorous coupled-wave theory in the angular limit as the fringes become parallel to the surfaces are shown to approach these results in a particular average sense.
An EBIC and SRP study on thermal donors in proton implanted p‐type magnetic Czochralski silicon (2014)

Abstract The concentration of defects in silicon can be changed by ion implantations and thermal annealing steps. Some of the defects incorporated during these processes form complexes which can act as donors or acceptors and their concentration can even overcome the initial doping concentration of the material, and hence, cause an inversion of the doping type. One way to introduce defects and also to catalyse the formation of defect complexes is by proton implantation. For our project, a high resistivity p‐type magnetic Czochralski (m:Cz) grown silicon wafer was implanted with 4 MeV protons at an implantation dose of 2 ×10 14 cm –2 . The wafer was broken into pieces and these pieces were annealed at different temperatures resulting in different concentrations of defect complexes. The defects were investigated in the proton implanted region and in the substrate region beyond the penetration depth of the protons (where only the heat treatment caused a change in the defect concentrations). The local doping type and the relative change of the minority carrier diffusion length were measured using Electron Beam Induced Current (EBIC). Furthermore, resistivity profiles were measured using Spreading Resistance Profiling (SRP). The results show several changes of the doping type, the minority carrier diffusion length and the resistivity profile. In addition to donor complexes already reported in the literature, the formation of additional high temperature donor complexes has been observed. The data shows that the presence of hydrogen in silicon has a far higher influence on the changes of the electrical properties of the material at annealing temperatures between 400 °C and 510 °C than at higher annealing temperatures. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A step gradient system for microcolumn liquid chromatography based on a multiple‐loop valve (1990)

Abstract A new gradient elution system for microcolumn liquid chromatography is presented and evaluated. A multiple‐loop valve system facilitates a reproducible, stepwise addition of the mobile phase at low‐microliter‐per‐minute flow rates. The system is amenable to automation. Gradient precision has been evaluated under various operational conditions. An optimized system yielded standard deviations in retention times of less than 0.5 on runs over 2 h.
Introduction to the Special Issue on Immersive Telecommunications (2004)

S.285-287
Acoustic communication with small UUVs using a hull-mounted conformal array (2002)

A new conformal array designed to enhance acoustic communication on small unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) is presented. The array is intended to improve the reliability and rate of acoustic communication to UUVs under conditions of multipath, multiuser interference, broadband or narrowband jamming and low signal-to-noise ratio. The array elements are constructed from a piezocomposite material that can be injection molded to nearly any shape, including into curves that match the hull radius of the vehicle. The array is encapsulated into a low-profile assembly 0.02 m thick and bonded directly to the hull of a REMUS vehicle. The frequency response and beam-patterns were measured to determine the characteristics of the completed arrays. The array was deployed for initial trials in both horizontal and vertical orientations in shallow water. The performance of the array for both single and multiuser phase-coherent communication is presented.
The genetic basis of the aggregation system in Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis is located on the large conjugative plasmid pXO16 (1995)

The aggregation phenotypes Agr+ and Agr- of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis are correlated with a conjugation-like plasmid transfer and characterized by the formation of aggregates when the bacteria are socialized during exponential growth. We present evidence for the association of the Agr+ phenotype with the presence of the large (135-MDa) self-transmissible plasmid pXO16.
Synthesis and Preliminary Studies of a Novel Negative Allosteric Modulator, 7-((2,5-Dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluoro-4-[ 11 C]methoxyphenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide, for Imaging of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 2 (2019)

Metabotropic glutamate 2 receptors (mGlu2) are involved in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacological modulation of this target represents a potential disease-modifying approach for the treatment of substance abuse, depression, schizophrenia, and dementias. While quantification of mGlu2 receptors in the living brain by positron emission tomography (PET) would help us better understand signaling pathways relevant to these conditions, few successful examples have been demonstrated to image mGlu2 in vivo, and a suitable PET tracer is yet to be identified. Herein we report the design and synthesis of a radiolabeled negative allosteric modulator (NAM) for mGlu2 PET tracer development based on a quinoline 2-carboxamide scaffold. The most promising candidate, 7-((2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-(2-fluoro-4-[11C]methoxyphenyl) quinoline-2-carboxamide ([11C]QCA) was prepared in 13% radiochemical yield (non-decay-corrected at the end of synthesis) with >99% radiochemical purity and >74 GBq/μmol (2 Ci/μmol) specific activity. While the tracer showed limited brain uptake (0.3 SUV), probably attributable to effects on PgP/Bcrp efflux pump, in vitro autoradiography studies demonstrated heterogeneous brain distribution and specific binding. Thus, [11C]QCA is a chemical probe that provides the basis for the development of a new generation mGlu2 PET tracers.
Thermo-optic effects of 4-alkoxy-3-chlorobenzoic acids in polymeric matrices (1993)

Polymer films containing 4-alkoxy-3-chlorobenzoic acid heated to 140 °C showed two optically different states at room temperature depending on the cooling rate. If after heating the film cooled rapidly, it froze in the transparent state. In contrast, it reverted to the light scattering state when cooled slowly. Cycles between the two optical states were reproducible, therefore these films may offer potential as a rewritable recording material. The reversibility in the optical transmittance may be caused by a reversible change in the crystal size of the acid in the polymer matrix.
F30 Characterization of a Metal Alloy and Thin Film Coating Using Elemental Imaging by Micro X-ray Fluorescence (2003)

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