gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uptake of home-initiated tuberculosis evaluation during household contact investigation in Kampala, Uganda: A mixed-methods study (2017)

Background Home-initiated tuberculosis (TB) evaluation could improve test uptake and linkage to care among at-risk contacts of active TB index patients. However, there is a need to systematically explore why contacts accept, decline, or are unable to complete these services. We sought to describe the barriers to home-based sputum collection as part of enhanced household contact investigation for TB in Kampala, Uganda. Methods Using a parallel convergent mixed-methods design, we collected quantitative data describing home sputum collection among 82 household contacts of active TB patients and qualitative interviews from a sub-sample of 19 of those contacts. Data were analyzed in parallel to produce a more complete picture of the underlying barriers to home sputum collection. Results Men were significantly more likely than women to provide sputum when eligible (p=0.04). Contacts who reported risk factors for or symptoms of TB but no active cough where significantly less likely to provide sputum (p=0.05). Education level was not associated with differences in home sputum collection success. In interviews, contacts pointed to support from and for the index patient as a facilitator. Contacts were particularly enthusiastic about the convenience of home-based sputum collection compared to visiting a clinic. Lost or insufficient sputum containers, difficulty producing sputum on demand, and shame emerged as barriers to collecting sputum at home. Conclusions Uptake of sputum collection might be improved by addressing opportunity barriers prior to the visit, possibly through equipment checklists and improved community health worker training. More research is needed on the effects of TB stigma on willingness to produce sputum, even in the privacy of one’s own home.
Aggression expression among League of Legends and Fortnite players - a brief report. (2021)

Further research is needed to determine whether the games themselves have a determining influence on the gamers anger expression strategy, or whether the gamers personality and anger expression strategy predisposed them to choose one game over the other.
Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly of Organic−Organometallic Polymer Electrostatic Superlattices Using Poly(ferrocenylsilanes) (2000)

Water-soluble poly(ferrocenylsilane) (PFS) and poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) of alternating charge are shown to self-assemble in a layer-by-layer fashion on primed Au, Si, and quartz substrates to create the first examples of organic−organometallic electrostatic superlattices from polymers with ferrocene units in the backbone. The layer-by-layer assembly of these electrostatic superlattices has been monitored through frequency changes with layer deposition using a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM), a regular film thickness increase observed using ellipsometry, and step-wise absorbance increases observed using ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectroscopy. As well, structural information was obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), water contact angle measurements, and atomic force microscopy (AFM). These superlattices are of interest as possible precursors to patterned magnetic and redox active multilayers.
Cavity preparation factors and microleakage of Class II composite restorations filled at intraoral temperatures. (1999)

Axial-occlusal enamel margins exhibited minimal leakage and no differences among the groups. Vertical walls without bevels exhibited pronounced microleakage. Beveled vertical proximal walls exhibited significantly less facial and lingual wall microleakage compared to all other groups, and less gingival marginal leakage compared to the control group.
Thiolate-Thione Redox-Active Ligand with a Six-Membered Chelate Ring via Template Condensation and Its Pt(II) Complexes (2021)

A new template condensation reaction has been discovered in a mixture of Pt(II), thiobenzamide, and base. Four complexes of the general form [Pt(ctaPh<sup>R</sup>)<sub>2</sub>], R = CH<sub>3</sub> (<b>1a</b>), H (<b>1b</b>), F <b>(1c</b>), Cl (<b>1d</b>), cta = <u>c</u>ondensed <u>t</u>hio<u>a</u>mide, have been prepared under similar conditions and thoroughly characterized by <sup>1</sup>H NMR and UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, (spectro)electrochemistry, elemental analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The ligand is redox active and can be reduced from the initial monoanion to a dianionic and then trianionic state. Chemical reduction of <b>1a</b> with [Cp<sub>2</sub>Co] yielded [Cp<sub>2</sub>Co]<sub>2</sub>[Pt(ctaPh<sup>CH3</sup>)<sub>2</sub>], <b>[Cp</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>Co]</b><sub><b>2</b></sub><b>[1a]</b>, which has been similarly characterized with the addition of EPR spectroscopy and SQUID magnetization. The singly reduced form containing <b>[1a]</b><sup><b>1-</b></sup>, (nBu<sub>4</sub>N)[Pt(ctaPh<sup>CH3</sup>)<sub>2</sub>], has been generated in situ and characterized by UV-vis and EPR spectroscopies. DFT studies of <b>1b</b>, <b>[1b]</b><sup><b>1-</b></sup>, and <b>[1b]</b><sup><b>2-</b></sup> confirm the location of additional electrons in exclusively ligand-based orbitals. A detailed analysis of this redox-active ligand, with emphasis on the characteristics that favor noninnocent behavior in six-membered chelate rings, is included.
Syk-deficient eosinophils show normal interleukin-5–mediated differentiation, maturation, and survival but no longer respond to FcγR activation (2000)

The tyrosine kinase Syk has been proposed to play a critical role in the antiapoptotic effect of interleukin (IL)-5 in human eosinophils. However, little is known about the involvement of Syk in other IL-5-mediated activation events. To further address these questions, the role of Syk in IL-5-induced eosinophil differentiation, activation, and survival was analyzed using cells obtained from Syk-deficient mice. We could demonstrate that Syk-deficient fetal liver cells differentiate into mature eosinophils in response to IL-5 at the same rate as wild-type fetal liver cells and generate the same total number of eosinophils. Moreover, no difference in IL-5-induced survival of mature eosinophils between Syk(-/-) and wild-type eosinophils could be demonstrated, suggesting that the antiapoptotic effect of IL-5 does not require Syk despite the activation of this tyrosine kinase upon IL-5 receptor ligation. In contrast, eosinophils derived from Syk-deficient but not wild-type mice were incapable of generating reactive oxygen intermediates in response to Fcgamma receptor (FcgammaR) engagement. Taken together, these data clearly demonstrate no critical role for Syk in IL-5-mediated eosinophil differentiation or survival but underline the importance of this tyrosine kinase in activation events induced by FcgammaR stimulation.
Studies on ergothioneine. V. Determination by high performance liquid chromatography and application to metabolic research. (1978)

The high performance liquid chromatographic procedure was established for the determination of ergothioneine in biological materials. The procedure is also applicable to the purification of 3H-ergothioneine. The metabolism of ergothioneine given to rats was very slow ; the ergothioneine was not disappear even after 1 week fasting. The ergothioneine administrated was mostly concentrated in the liver and the level was 10 times as high as that in blood. All ergothioneine in the blood was found in blood corpuscles 24 hr after the administration.
Mathematical Model of Egg Production (1971)

EGG production in poultry is a complex quantitative trait showing considerable variation over time within the production period of a hen. Several methods of expressing egg production and its component characters (age at first egg, broodiness, egg production during different periods of the total production period, etc.) which apparently contribute to the total variation in egg production have been investigated. It has been well established that heritability of egg production, as well as heritability of its component characters is low (King and Henderson, 1954; Jerome et al., 1956; Morris, 1956; Saeki, 1957; Oliver et al., 1957; Hicks, 1958; Bray et al., 1960; Carson et al., 1960; King, 1961; Wheat and Lush, 1961; Van Vleck et al., 1964; Acharya et al., 1969). However, one of the major weaknesses of conventional analyses of egg production data, as suggested by Tonkinson et al. (1969), is “the failure to recognize the entire curve by…
P‐109: High‐Performable Green‐Emitting OLEDs (2004)

Abstract High‐performance green emitters for OLEDs have been studied. New green emitters, C‐GEM1, C‐GEM2 and C‐GEM3, showed high efficiency and long lifetime when making devices using each material as an emitter. The optimized device demonstrated an external quantum efficiency of over 6% and a power efficiency of 26 lm/W at 1,000 cd/m 2 with the lifetime of over 25,000 hours.
In Human Macrophages the Complement Component C5a Induces the Expression of Oncostatin M via AP-1 Activation (2008)

Our data establish a link between the complement system and the gp130 receptor cytokine family with possible implications for the pathology of inflammatory diseases.
Hydrolysis and alkylating reactivity of aromatic nitrogen mustards (1991)

Rate constants for the hydrolysis of a series of aromatic nitrogen mustards Ar–X–C6H4-N(CH2CH2Cl)2(X = O, CH2, CONH, S, CO and SO2) in buffered aqueous acetone mixtures have been obtained using an HPLC technique which allows evaluation of the rate constants for hydrolytic displacement of both chlorines in consecutive reactions. Hydrolysis has a general-base-catalysed component and is accompanied by external chloride ion return. An aziridinium ion intermediate is implicated in at least one pathway. The mustards also alkylate the nucleophiles thiourea and 4-(4-nitrobenzyl)pyridine (NBP) and again the aziridinium ion intermediate is involved since the kinetic behaviour rules out a direct SN2 pathway.
Stiffness of cold recycled materials (2008)

An important part of the European SCORE project has been devoted to the development of adequate formulation methodologies for materials recycled in-situ with either foamed bitumen or bituminous emulsions. One particular concern is the evolution of stiffness with time, which SCORE has monitored on laboratory samples subjected to accelerated curing procedures. The paper presents a continuation of this research, of which the main goal is to validate the laboratory curing procedure by comparison to stiffness values measured on field cores. To that end, five major recycling jobs (foam and emulsion recycling) have been selected during the 2006 campaign. The corresponding theoretical mix formulations have been manufactured in the laboratory, compacted (gyratory compactor) at two different void contents and cured for 7 days at 18°C and 55% relative humidity (RH), followed by 14 daysof curing at 35°C and 20% RH. The evolution of sample stiffness was monitored via dynamic axial compression tests at 15°C and 10Hz. At the end of curing, axial stiffness has been compared to indirect tensile stiffness, which is the way stiffness is measured on cores extracted from the actual job sites. The results of these laboratory investigations and the first comparisons to field values after 6 to 12 months are presented and discussed. For the covering abstract see ITRD E157233
SOMFlow: Guided Exploratory Cluster Analysis with Self-Organizing Maps and Analytic Provenance (2017)

Clustering is a core building block for data analysis, aiming to extract otherwise hidden structures and relations from raw datasets, such as particular groups that can be effectively related, compared, and interpreted. A plethora of visual-interactive cluster analysis techniques has been proposed to date, however, arriving at useful clusterings often requires several rounds of user interactions to fine-tune the data preprocessing and algorithms. We present a multi-stage Visual Analytics (VA) approach for iterative cluster refinement together with an implementation (SOMFlow) that uses Self-Organizing Maps (SOM) to analyze time series data. It supports exploration by offering the analyst a visual platform to analyze intermediate results, adapt the underlying computations, iteratively partition the data, and to reflect previous analytical activities. The history of previous decisions is explicitly visualized within a flow graph, allowing to compare earlier cluster refinements and to explore relations. We further leverage quality and interestingness measures to guide the analyst in the discovery of useful patterns, relations, and data partitions. We conducted two pair analytics experiments together with a subject matter expert in speech intonation research to demonstrate that the approach is effective for interactive data analysis, supporting enhanced understanding of clustering results as well as the interactive process itself.
ATV Characteristics Affecting Accidents (1990)

Since 1982, at least 1,400 men, women and children have been fatally injured while operating all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Additionally, according to the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), 450,000 individuals have been injured as a result of ATV accidents. Of these deaths and injuries, approximately 40% were to children under the age of 16. The purpose of this paper is to examine the predominate ATV characteristics that are commonly related to ATV accidents.
Nanometer scale x-ray absorption spectroscopy and chemical states mapping of ultra thin oxides on silicon using electrostatic force microscopy (2007)

Electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) was used to obtain highly spatially resolved spectroscopic and image information of semiconductor surface region. EFM with x-ray source (X-EFM) can probe x-ray induced photoionization of near surface electron trapping. The X-EFM signal dependent on x-ray photon energy results in nanometer scale x-ray absorption spectra. Furthermore, probing tip scanning at fixed x-ray photon energy provides chemical states imaging of the trapping. The authors demonstrate characterization of substoichiometric chemical oxidation of a Si surface with less than 1nm spatial resolution.
Fine Pitch Wirebonds on Ultra Low-k Device (2011)

The mechanical integrity of wirebonds are sensitive to structures under the bond pads of ultra low-k dielectric devices. The authors studied the mechanical performance of wirebonds on 32-nm test chips with various layouts of lines and vias under the 35-μm-pitch bond pads, various stacks of dielectric layers, and a range of bonding process conditions. Poor mechanical integrity resulted in the pad tearout failure mode at wire pull testing. The thickness of the SiO2/FTEOS layer and the density of the vias in the ULK layer are the key factors for good wirebond integrity, manufacturability, and module-level reliability with ultrafine pitch wirebonds. The wirebond experimental results were analyzed by capillary indentation, excessive bond force parameter and finite element method (FEM). The authors found that only excessive bond force does not increase the rate of pad tearout and 2D FEM model can correlate the location of pad tearout in the ULK layers with calculated highest stress point which occurs by the ultrasonic vibration during wirebonding process.
Influence of test parameters on tribological measurements ‐ results from international round robin tests (2003)

Abstract A series of cooperative interlaboratory tests (‘round robins’) was conducted in 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 by the DIN 51834 Working Group on Tribological Tests in Translatory Oscillation Apparatus. Statistical analysis of these results showed the influence of cleaning solvent, machine model, and evaluation criteria on the tribological properties of the lubricants tested. Coefficients of friction and wear results were ranked according to the effects of ten different cleaning solvents, where isopropanol gave the lowest values and isoparaffin solvents the highest. The effect of machine model on coefficients of friction varied from about 0.2 to 0.9% of the average. Wear results were not affected. The tests also showed that the seizure criteria and methods of measuring wear required in the test procedure do not provide a suitable measure of the tribological properties of certain lubricants.
HomePlug AV2: Next-Generation Broadband over Power Line * (2017)

HomePlug audio, video AV employs PHY and MAC technologies that provide a 200 Mbps-class power line networking capability. The PHY operates in the frequency range of 2–28 MHz and uses windowed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and a powerful turbo convolutional code (TCC) that provides robust performance within 0.5 dB of Shannon's limit. The in-home communications are established with the time division duplexing (TDD) mechanism to allow for symmetric communication between peers, as opposed to the classical access system in Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) which uses two different downstream and upstream throughputs. The HomePlug AV2 specification incorporates Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) capabilities with beamforming, which offers the benefit of improved coverage throughout the home, particularly for hard- to-reach outlets. Precoded spatial multiplexing or beamforming was chosen as the MIMO scheme, as it offers the best performance by adapting the transmission in an optimal way to the underlying eigenmodes of the MIMO PLC channel.
Postcolumn Reaction Detection with Dual-Electrode Capillary Electrophoresis−Electrochemistry and Electrogenerated Bromine (1998)

This is the first report of postcolumn amperometric reaction detection for capillary electrophoresis and dual-electrode detection. Bromide present in the run buffer is oxidized to bromine at the first electrode and subsequently detected at a second electrode downstream. Analytes that react with bromine cause a decrease in signal at the downstream electrode that is proportional to analyte concentration. Bromine is known to react with a variety of compounds, including thiols, thioethers, disulfides, amines, and unsaturated organic compounds. In this paper, the development of a new wire--wire on-capillary dual electrode that is well suited to bromine-based post-column reaction detection is described. System performance was evaluated using glutathione, cysteine, and methionine as test analytes. The final optimized system could be operated continuously for 24 h and was stable for day-to-day use for at least two weeks. The response for cysteine was linear from 0.5 to 20 microM with a limit of detection of approximately 80 nM.
Holistic Route Selection (2012)

New agrochemical, fine chemical, and pharmaceutical products often require the development and selection of economical and effective chemical routes to enable commercial success. Atom economy and reaction step minimization are key drivers for low-cost routes. In addition, capital requirements, process operability and robustness, environmental health and safety, supply chain, quality, and intellectual property factors should be considered in the selection process. A holistic evaluation of process route options by a multidiscipline team of chemists and engineers early in the route-selection phase can result in the selection of a better route with a more focused process development research plan. Examples from three Dow AgroSciences projects illustrate route selection criteria.
Analyses of metals for porphyrins by electrospray mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and stripping voltammetry (1996)

In this presentation, we shall describe the utilization of several techniques viz. electrospray mass spectrometry (ES-MS), inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and stripping voltammetry (SV) for trace analyses of heavy metals and porphyrins. In the ES-MS work, we take advantage of the controlled-current electrolytic process inherent to the electrospray to generate monocations and dications of some neutral porphyrins. Experimental parameters that affect the electrochemical generation and mass spectrometric detection of these ions will be discussed. To achieve better selectivity and sensitivity, we have combined electrochemistry on-line with ES-MS to these ionize neutral porphyrins. Finally we will also describe our work on the use of ICP-MS combined with SV, as well as the use of SV at ultramicroelectrodes for trace analysis and speciation of heavy metals. Such methodologies can probably be extended to the determination of various types of compounds that contain metals.
Nitroso–Redox Interactions in the Cardiovascular System (2006)

ormal cardiovascular performance requires exquisite balancing of many complex biochemical processes. Perturbation of this balance may lead to myocardial dysfunction or may be a secondary result of structural heart disease such as myocardial infarction (MI) or cardiomyopathic processes. Altered signaling systems in turn contribute to the progression of myocardial dysfunction. The roles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in normal and failing myocardium and vasculature have been the subject of intense investigation and continue to engender considerable debate. A disturbance in the oxidation-reduction state of the cell, in which ROS production exceeds antioxidant defenses, is called oxidative stress. By analogy, nitrosative stress is an impairment in nitric oxide (NO) signaling caused by increased amounts of RNS, which may be caused by or associated with a disturbance in the redox state. This review addresses the role of the redox state and nitroso-redox balance in determining cardiovascular function in health and disease.
Quaternion wavelets for image analysis and processing (2005)

Using the concepts of two-dimensional Hubert transform and analytic signal, we construct a new quaternion wavelet transform (QWT). The QWT forms a tight frame and can be efficiently computed using a-2-D dual-tree filter bank. The QWT and the 2-D complex wavelet transform (CWT) are related by a unitary transformation, but the former inherits the quaternion Fourier-transform (QFT) phase properties, which are desirable for image analysis. The quaternion magnitude-phase representation of the QWT directly leads to near shift-invariance and the ability to encode phase shifts in an absolute x-y-coordinate system, which we can use for applications such as edge estimation and statistical image modeling.
Diagnostic method employing MSH2 protein (2023)

The human MSH2 gene, responsible for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer, was identified by virtue of its homology to the MutS class of genes, which are involved in DNA mismatch repair. The sequence of cDNA clones of the human gene are provided, and the sequence of the gene can be used to demonstrate the existence of germ line mutations in hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) kindreds, as well as in replication error.sup.+ (RER.sup.+) tumor cells.