gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search for massive long-lived particles decaying semileptonically in the LHCb detector (2017)

A search is presented for massive long-lived particles decaying into a muon and two quarks. The dataset consists of proton-proton interactions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, corresponding to integrated luminosities of 1 and 2[Formula: see text], respectively. The analysis is performed assuming a set of production mechanisms with simple topologies, including the production of a Higgs-like particle decaying into two long-lived particles. The mass range from 20 to 80 [Formula: see text] and lifetimes from 5 to 100[Formula: see text] are explored. Results are also interpreted in terms of neutralino production in different R-Parity violating supersymmetric models, with masses in the 23-198 GeV/[Formula: see text] range. No excess above the background expectation is observed and upper limits are set on the production cross-section for various points in the parameter space of theoretical models.
A Concise and Stereoselective Total Synthesis of Pestalotioprolide C Using Ring-Closing Metathesis (2017)

The stereoselective total synthesis of the pestalotioprolide C is disclosed in 13 linear steps in 4% overall yield. The key steps in this approach are a ring-closing-metathesis protocol for the construction of the 14-membered macrolide with E-olefinic bond, a Keck allylation, and a Sharpless kinetic resolution for the installation of desired stereocenters at C4 and C7.
Freehand 3D Ultrasound Volume Reconstruction via Sub-Pixel Phase Correlation (2006)

3D ultrasound provides clinicians and researchers with more intuitive anatomical visualization as well as accurate volumetric measurements. A novel freehand transducer constructed by Hossack et al. allows for 3D reconstruction of cross-sectional slices through the use of additional tracking arrays. These tracking arrays produce a coplanar image sequence, perpendicular to the cross-sectional slices, from which frame-to-frame motion can be determined. Accurate and precise motion estimation is required for successful volume reconstruction. In this paper we propose a novel volume reconstruction technique for the freehand 3D ultrasound transducer utilizing sub-pixel phase correlation. Using a synthetic data set with known volumetric characteristics, we compare our algorithm to standard correlation techniques.
DACT2 is a functional tumor suppressor through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway and associated with poor survival in colon cancer (2014)

Dapper homolog (DACT) 2 is one of the Dact gene family members, which are important modulators of Wnt signaling pathway. We aim to clarify its epigenetic inactivation, biological function and clinical implication in colon cancer. DACT2 was silenced in five out of eight colon cancer cell lines, but robustly expressed in normal colon tissues. The loss of DACT2 expression was regulated by promoter hypermethylation. Restoring DACT2 expression in colon cancer cell lines suppressed tumor cell growth by inducing cell apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, DACT2 overexpression effectively reduced lung metastasis of colon cancer cells in nude mice. These effects by DACT2 were attributed to inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Reexpression of DACT2 significantly suppressed the transcriptional activity of both wild-type β-catenin and degradation-resistant form mutant β-catenin (S33Y). DACT2 could actively shuttle into and out of nuclei, with its predominant steady-state localization in the cytoplasm dependent on its nuclear export signal. Co-immunoprecipitation results indicated that DACT2 strongly associated β-catenin as well as lymphoid enhancer-binding factor 1 (LEF1) and directly disrupted the formation of the β-catenin-LEF1 complex in the nucleus. Whereas in the cytoplasm, DACT2 restored junctional localization of E-cadherin-β-catenin complexes and prevented β-catenin nuclear translocation through direct interaction with β-catenin. DACT2 methylation was detected in 43.3% (29/67) of colon cancer tissues, but none in normal controls. Multivariate analysis revealed that patients with DACT2 methylation had a significant decrease in overall survival (P=0.006). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that DACT2 methylation was significantly associated with shortened survival in stage I-III colon cancer patients. In conclusion, DACT2 acts as a functional tumor suppressor in colon cancer through inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Its methylation at early stages of colon carcinogenesis is an independent prognostic factor.
A unified method for modeling semiconductor power devices (1994)

A unified method for modeling semiconductor power devices has been developed. The novelty of the method is a generalized description of the lightly doped region which is a common feature of all power devices. The charge carrier distribution in this region is calculated with a fast numerical algorithm. Depending on this carrier distribution the voltage across the low doped zone is calculated with analytical equations. This so called hybrid-description can be adjusted to the physical behavior of all power devices. By combining the hybrid-model with an analytical description of the remaining high doped regions the complete power device is described. The method has been applied to the power diode, the power bipolar transistor, and the IGBT. The developed circuit models have been implemented in a commercial circuit-simulator. The simulation results have been compared with measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recombinant vaccinia/fowlpox NY-ESO-1 vaccines induce both humoral and cellular NY-ESO-1-specific immune responses in cancer patients (2006)

NY-ESO-1 is a cancer/testis antigen expressed in a range of human malignancies, and a number of vaccine strategies targeting NY-ESO-1 are being developed. In the present study, the safety and immunogenicity of recombinant vaccinia-NY-ESO-1 and recombinant fowlpox-NY-ESO-1 were analyzed in a series of 36 patients with a range of different tumor types. Each construct was first tested individually at two different dose levels and then in a prime-boost setting with recombinant vaccinia-NY-ESO-1 followed by recombinant fowlpox-NY-ESO-1. The vaccines were well tolerated either individually or together. NY-ESO-1-specific antibody responses and/or specific CD8 and CD4 T cell responses directed against a broad range of NY-ESO-1 epitopes were induced by a course of at least four vaccinations at monthly intervals in a high proportion of patients. CD8 T cell clones derived from five vaccinated patients were shown to lyse NY-ESO-1-expressing melanoma target cells. In several patients with melanoma, there was a strong impression that the natural course of the disease was favorably influenced by vaccination.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Regioselective Synthesis of 2,4‐Diarylfurans. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Real-Time Vehicle-Mounted Multistatic Ground Penetrating Radar Imaging System for Buried Object Detection (2013)

A multistatic ground penetrating radar system is described, capable of real-time imaging and object detection. The radar consists of 16 transmitter and receiver pairs mounted across the front of a vehicle. The transmitters operate sequentially with all receivers activated for each transmit pulse. The resulting frame of 256 multistatic time signals is processed into an image using a tomographic reconstruction technique. In this paper we describe the system architecture, signal conditioning, and reconstruction algorithm for producing a sequence of images in real time as the vehicle travels across the ground. We demonstrate a robust image post-processing method that separates the bright spot corresponding to the dominant buried object in an image frame from the background. This is essential before calculating an energy-based statistic for automatic detection of buried objects. This spot ratio detection statistic, based on energy both inside and outside the spot, is shown to be not only more stationary than spot energy (i.e. mostly free of localized trends due to changing ground conditions), but also more powerful as a detection statistic. Finally, we demonstrate that multistatic imaging significantly improves the detection performance over more conventional monostatic array processing.
Collection of seasonally spermatozoa-rich semen by electroejaculation of laboratory woodchucks (Marmota monax), with and without removal of bulbourethral glands. (1996)

Male woodchucks were subjected to electroejaculation during the early- or mid-breeding season by a commercial stimulator and rectal probe (1.3 x 13 cm, with longitudinal electrode strips on one side) with electrodes oriented ventrally. A study of the voltage and stimulation parameters at a probe depth of 4 to 9 cm suggested that a series of 15 to 75 3-sec pulses of 3 to 6 V each could result in ejaculation and collection of semen. Pulses of only 1 to 2 V frequently caused erection but not ejaculation. Trials conducted on 12 bulbourethral (Cowper's) gland-intact males (n = 18 trials) versus six males from which Cowper's glands had been surgically removed (n = 18 trials) identified these glands as the source of urethral plugs in 77% of ejaculates from the gland-intact males and presumably the source of copulation plugs obtained from the vagina of female woodchucks. The fluid portion of ejaculates from both groups contained few or no spermatozoa. An additional 32 trials were conducted on 12 gland-intact males and eight males without Cowper's glands. These trials included 16 shallow (5 to 8 cm) versus 16 deep (10 to 13 cm) placements of the tip of the rectal probe in each group of males. In gland-intact males the stimulation of sacral (shallow) elements routinely resulted in the emission of large (200 to 300 microl) urethral plugs and fluid volume of 40 to 400 microl, containing few or no spermatozoa. In males without Cowper's glands the sacral stimulation typically produced volumes of 60 to 350 microl of noncoagulating liquid without urethral plugs, containing few or no spermatozoa. Lumbar (deep) stimulation in both groups of males usually resulted in fluid ejaculates, with 60% containing numerous spermatozoa (typically, 0.5 to 3 x 10(6)/ejaculate). Lumbar stimulation usually produced urethral plugs of little (50 to 100 microl) or no volume in gland-intact males and no urethral plugs in males without Cowper's glands. Ejaculates did not coagulate during handling or storage for 4 to 24 h. Serial lumbar stimulation of six males at 2- to 3-week intervals resulted in few spermatozoa, except for a 4- to 8-week period during which > or =0.25 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ejaculate and peaks of 5.3 +/- 2.4 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ejaculate were obtained. The results suggest that electroejaculation can be used to obtain spermatozoa-containing liquid that might be useful for semen evaluation or artificial insemination in laboratory woodchucks, that Cowper's glands are the source of urethral plugs in the ejaculates of this species, and that the fertile period of the male breeding season is limited to 4 to 8 weeks.
360 Stitching from Dual-Fisheye Cameras Based on Feature Cluster Matching (2018)

In the past years, captures made by dual-fisheye lens cameras have been used for virtual reality, 360 broadcasting and many other applications. For these scenarios, to provide a good- quality experience, the alignment of the boundaries between the two images to be stitched must be done properly. However, due to the peculiar design of dual-fisheye cameras and the high variance between different captured scenes, the stitching process can be very challenging. In this work, we present a 360 stitching solution based on feature cluster matching. It is an adaptive stitching technique based on the extraction of feature cluster templates from the stitching region. It is proposed an alignment based on the template matching of these clusters, successfully reducing the discontinuities in the full-view panorama. We evaluate our method on a dataset built from captures made with an existing camera of this kind, the Samsung's Gear 360. It is also described how we can extend these concepts from image stitching to video stitching using the temporal information of the media. Finally, we show that our matching method outperforms a state-of-the-art matching technique for image and video stitching.
Search for the Pentaquark via the P{sup 0}{sub {bar c}s}{r_arrow}{phi}{pi}p Decay (1998)

We report results of the first search for the pentaquark P{sub {bar c}s} which is predicted to be a doublet of states: P{sup 0}{sub {bar c}s}={vert_bar} {bar c}suud{r_angle} and P{sup {minus}}{sub {bar c}s}={vert_bar} {bar c}sddu{r_angle} . A search was made for the decay P{sup 0}{sub {bar c}s}{r_arrow} {phi}{pi}p in data from Fermilab experiment E791, in which a 500 GeV/c {pi}{sup {minus}} beam interacted with nuclear targets. We present upper limits at 90{percent} confidence level for the ratio of cross section times branching fraction of this decay to that for the decay D{sup {plus_minus}}{sub s}{r_arrow}{phi}{pi}{sup {plus_minus} } . The upper limits vary between 0.022 and 0.046 for M(P{sup 0}{sub {bar c}s} ) between 2.750 and 2.907 GeV/c{sup 2}, assuming a P{sup 0}{sub {bar c}s} lifetime of 0.4 ps. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
The preparation of polyamide 11 composites with extremely long ignition time (2022)

Abstract The wildly‐used charring agent, pentaerythritol (PER), was solely incorporated into polyamide 11 (PA 11) matrix by melt compounding. The addition of 15%PER improved the UL rating of PA 11‐PER composites to V‐0 and reduced the peak heat release rate by 22.1%. Most importantly, the time to ignition had been incredibly increased from 93 s of neat PA 11 to 193 s of PA 11‐15PER sample. The thermal behaviors were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and TGA‐Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The morphology, chemical structure and physical properties (such as crystallinity and viscosity) of char residues that were collected at ignition point or after MLC tests of PA 11 and PA 11‐15PER composites were fully demonstrated. It was suggested that the interactions between PA 11 and PER led to the rapid formation of a compact char layer which exhibited sufficient viscosity before ignition in the condensed phase, while the early released H 2 O and CO 2 from PER took effects in the gas phase.
Enhanced Instantaneous Power Theory for Control of Grid Connected Voltage Sourced Converters Under Unbalanced Conditions (2016)

Undesirable power oscillations take place in grid-connected voltage sourced converters (VSC) during unbalanced conditions. This problem becomes more difficult and pronounced during transients which include zero sequence content flowing through the ac/dc interface. This paper introduces a method especially designed to control the instantaneous power in voltage sourced converters operating under unbalanced transient scenarios with positive, negative, and zero sequence content. The control is based on an adaptive transformation that instantaneously adjusts itself to the dynamic voltage conditions. The method allows control over constant and oscillating terms of the instantaneous three-phase power. It is applied to grounded three-wire and four-wire schemes, especially accommodating zero sequence unlike previous approaches. The technique expands the application of the p-q theory, which is attached to the αβ0 transformation. The effectiveness of the proposed control approach and the proposed power conditioning scheme was demonstrated using electromagnetic transient simulation of a VSC connected to an ac system.
Non-aqueous negative-tone development of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticle photoresists for next generation lithography (2013)

As feature sizes continue to shrink, the need for new materials and processes becomes more urgent. In order to achieve high-resolution patterns and low line edge roughness (LER), there have been many studies on small molecular resists. In terms of processes, there have been growing interests in negative-tone development because of its better performance in printing narrow trenches and contact holes. As new patterning materials, we have synthesized inorganic nanoparticle resists that consist of a metal oxide (HfO<sub>2</sub> or ZrO<sub>2</sub>) core surrounded by organic ligands. The inorganic core provides high etch-resistance while the organic ligands give the resists photochemical functionality. Because of their high etch-resistance, thin films of these nanoparticle photoresists are sufficient to provide good pattern transfer to the substrate and eliminate problems such as pattern collapse. Negative-tone patterning of these nanoparticle photoresists can be achieved by using an organic solvent. The small sizes (1-3nm) of these nanoparticle resists can also enable high-resolution patterning and have the potential to reduce LER. We have successfully shown negative-tone patterning of these nanoparticle resists with features as small as 30 nm using both e-beam and EUV lithography and this paper seeks to study the NTD results with different negative-tone developers.
Filter Design for UDE-based Controllers (2010)

The control algorithm based on the Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator (UDE) is a robust control strategy and has received wide attention in recent years. In this paper, the two-degree-of-freedom nature of UDE-based controllers is revealed. The set-point tracking response is determined by the reference model while the disturbance response and robustness are determined by the error feedback gain and the filter introduced to estimate the uncertainty and disturbances. It is further revealed that the error feedback gain and the filter introduced to estimate the uncertainty and disturbances can be designed independently in the frequency domain. Moreover, after introducing the UDE-based control, the Laplace transform can be applied to some time-varying systems for analysis and design because all the time-varying parts are lumped into a signal. It has been shown that, in addition to the known advantages over the time-delay control, the UDE-based control also brings better performance than time-delay control under the same conditions. An example is given to demonstrate the findings.
A primal‐dual active‐set method for distributed model predictive control (2016)

Summary We present a novel distributed primal‐dual active‐set method for model predictive control. The primal‐dual active‐set method is used for solving model predictive control problems for large‐scale systems with quadratic cost, linear dynamics, additive disturbance, and box constraints. The proposed algorithm is compared with dual decomposition and an alternating direction method of multipliers. Theoretical and experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed approach for large‐scale systems with communication delays. The application to building control systems is thoroughly investigated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Hypoxia/reoxygenation stress increases markers of vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle SAD mice (2013)

In sickle cell disease, the factors involved in vasoocclusive crisis (VOC) include the sickling of red blood cells (RBC), abnormal blood rheology, inflammation, vascular adhesion, oxidative stress, coagulation, and vascular tone modulation. The aim of this study was to further characterize the molecular response of some factors involved in VOC by inducing a hypoxia/reoxygenation stress in sickle SAD mice. Results show that a hypoxia/reoxygenation stress in SAD mice can induce: (i) a decrease in reticulocytes count, and mean corpuscular volume along with an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.07) and sickled cell proportion; (ii) a significant increase in lung VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-1β, ET-1, eNOS, and TF mRNA associated with an increase in VCAM-1 expression on lung endothelium; (iii) a rise in cardiac oxidative stress with increased lipid oxidation and decreased anti-oxidant enzyme activities, and (iv) an increase in plasma TNF-α and IL-6 and a decrease in plasma ET-1. In SAD mice, hypoxia/reoxygenation stress induces hemolysis that, together with oxidative stress, inflammation, vascular adhesion, and coagulation, may induce vascular occlusion and consequently RBC sickling. The present results give the kinetics of VOC molecular markers in SAD mice which may aid in testing the efficiency of new therapeutic processes against VOC.
A novel interpolation problem: surface based matching (2002)

Classical interpolation theory, proposes to find a function f(x) which satisfies a set of interpolative constraints, f(x/sub i/)=y/sub i/. This approach has been used in the alignment of images and volumetric data sets. However, in many applications, it is difficult if not impossible to find corresponding fiducial points. In these applications however, it is possible to identify homologous geometrical structures, such as surfaces. We have explored algorithms for using these sorts of data for image alignment, which requires a novel formulation of the interpolation problem. This paper describes the principle of surface-based alignment, and examines its performance and accuracy.
Search for high frequency gravitational-wave bursts in the first calendar year of LIGO’s fifth science run (2009)

We present an all-sky search for gravitational waves in the frequency range 1 to 6 kHz during the first calendar year of LIGO's fifth science run. This is the first untriggered LIGO burst analysis to be conducted above 3 kHz. We discuss the unique properties of interferometric data in this regime. 161.3 days of triple-coincident data were analyzed. No gravitational events above threshold were observed and a frequentist upper limit of $5.4\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{year}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ on the rate of strong gravitational-wave bursts was placed at a 90% confidence level. Implications for specific theoretical models of gravitational-wave emission are also discussed.
Plant waxes (1970)

Abstract The surface of plants is covered with a complex mixture of lipids, often in crystalline form, called plant waxes. The chemistry, biosynthesis, catabolism and function of plant waxes are reviewed. The most common components are hydrocarbons, wax esters, free fatty alcohols and acids. Ketones, secondary alcohols, diols, aldehydes, terpenes and flavones are also found. The major function of the wax appears to be protection of the organism from water loss and other hazards of the environment. The alkanes are formed from fatty acids either by elongation followed by decarboxylation or by head‐to‐head condensation between two biochemically dissimilar fatty acids followed by specific decarboxylation of one of them. Fatty acyl‐CoA is reduced to the aldehyde which in turn is reduced to the alcohol. The alcohol is then esterified with acyl moieties from acyl‐CoA or phospholipids. Plant waxes undergo very little catabolism in plants but animals can degrade them to a limited extent and microorganisms readily degrade them.