gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noise suppression and optical sectioning by non-phase-recording interferometry (2004)

It has long been known that image plane holography with low-coherence illumination achieves optical sectioning of a volume object. A method is analyzed that is similar to image plane holography, but the interferometric arrangement utilizes the interference between two object-bearing beams instead of the basic object and reference beams.
Platelet cytotoxicity against parasites. (1991)

Platelets are not restricted to hemostasis and thrombosis since they are involved in defence mechanisms especially in parasitic diseases. They express cytotoxic functions in vitro and in vivo against extra-cellular and intra-cellular parasites. The toxic process is mediated either by specific antibodies or directly by the parasite itself. As some metabolic pathways seem to be implicated both in hemostasis and in parasiticidal activity, primary hemostasis and cytotoxicity may be considered as specialized inflammatory responses.
Amination of Nitro-Substituted Heteroarenes by Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen (2022)

An open-air method for the transition metal-free direct amination of nitro(hetero)arenes by anilines is disclosed. In this methodology, an aromatic C-H bond is substituted via oxidative nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (ONSH). Density functional theory calculations and mechanistic studies support a dianion pathway with oxidation by molecular oxygen as the rate-limiting step.
Design and demonstration of EID MOS-HEMTs on Si substrate with normally depleted AlGaN/GaN epitaxial layer (2021)

Abstract An extrinsic electron induced by a dielectric (EID) AlGaN/GaN MOS high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) on Si substrate was designed and investigated. The EID structure with SiO 2 deposition and subsequent high-temperature annealing, which induces two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) on fully depleted AlGaN/GaN hetero-epitaxial layers with thin AlGaN barrier layer, was applied to access and drift regions in the HEMT. The fabricated HEMT exhibited enhancement-mode operation with a specific on-resistance of 7.6 mΩ cm 2 and a breakdown voltage of over 1 kV. In addition, electron state analysis using hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that changes in the chemical states of Al and energy level lowering at the SiO 2 /AlGaN interface affect the induction of 2DEG in the EID structure. The proposed HEMTs should become a strong candidate for highly reliable high-power switching devices due to the damage-less fabrication without dry etching or fluorine plasma exposure processes on the semiconductor layers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies in Carbohydrates. Part 91. Synthesis of α‐D‐ Galactopyranosyl‐Linked Oligosaccharides Containing the α‐Gal . fwdarw. β‐Gal → GlcNAc Sequence Employing Methyl‐2,3,4,6‐ tetra‐O‐(4‐methoxybenzyl)‐1‐thio‐β‐D‐galactopyranoside as an Efficient Glycosyl Donor. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Universal statistics of parasitic shunt formation in solar cells, and its implications for cell to module efficiency gap (2013)

Parasitic shunt formation is an important cause of variability and module efficiency loss in all photovoltaic technologies. In this letter, we quantify the nature of this shunt variability in four major thin film photovoltaic (TFPV) technologies, namely, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H), organic (OPV), Cu(In,Ga)SSe (CIGS), and CdTe. We analyze a wide variety of datasets to show that the shunt current exhibits a robust universal log-normal behavior for all these technologies. We affirm this conclusion by rigorous statistical analysis of the available data. We use equivalent circuit simulations to quantitatively illustrate the importance of this heavy-tailed distribution towards determining the universal gap between cell and module efficiency.
Targeted Delivery of Nanoparticles Bearing Fibroblast Growth Factor‐2 by Ultrasonic Microbubble Destruction for Therapeutic Arteriogenesis (2008)

Therapeutic strategies in which recombinant growth factors are injected to stimulate arteriogenesis in patients suffering from occlusive vascular disease stand to benefit from improved targeting, less invasiveness, better growth-factor stability, and more sustained growth-factor release. A microbubble contrast-agent-based system facilitates nanoparticle deposition in tissues that are targeted by 1-MHz ultrasound. This system can then be used to deliver poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles containing fibroblast growth factor-2 to mouse adductor muscles in a model of hind-limb arterial insufficiency. Two weeks after treatment, significant increases in both the caliber and total number of collateral arterioles are observed, indicating that the delivery of nanoparticles bearing fibroblast growth factor-2 by ultrasonic microbubble destruction may represent an effective and minimally invasive strategy for the targeted stimulation of therapeutic arteriogenesis.
Plasmid stability in recombinant strains ofLactococcus lactissubsp.lactisduring continuous culture (1994)

The stability of plasmids introduced in Lactobacillus lactis IL1403 was followed in continuous cultures. Four strains with or without pIL205 and pIL252 or pIL253 (low or high copy number) were studied. pIL205 was remarkably stable even after 180 generations, suggesting the presence of a partitioning system which is still unidentified. In contrast, pIL252 and pIL253 were unstable, in the presence as well as in the absence of pIL205. The multicopy plasmid pIL253 was nevertheless more stable than pIL252 (90% loss after 180 and 60 generations, respectively). The instability was not related to an incompatibility between pIL205 and pIL252 (or pIL253). The segregational instability of pIL252 and pIL253 plasmids could be explained by the loss of the resolvase gene during their construction.
Procedimiento de síntesis de la zeolita ITQ-13 en medio básico y en ausencia de iones fluoruro (2006)

Referencia OEPM: P200302468.-- Fecha de solicitud: 14/10/2003.-- Titulares: Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (UPV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC).
Prolongation of repolarization time by electric field stimulation with monophasic and biphasic shocks in open-chest dogs. (1991)

Recent studies suggest that 1) electrically induced fibrillation and defibrillation involve prolongation of refractoriness by the shock in addition to stimulation and 2) biphasic waveforms are more efficient for defibrillation than are comparable monophasic waveforms. The purpose of this study was to compare prolongation of action potential duration at 50% repolarization by monophasic and biphasic shocks during paced rhythm. A floating glass microelectrode was used to record intracellularly from the anterior right ventricular epicardium in seven open-chest dogs. After 10 S1 beats paced at an interval of 350 msec, 5-msec and 2.5-msec monophasic shocks and biphasic shocks, with each phase of 2.5 msec, were given via mesh electrodes on either side of the microelectrode. The shock strength was adjusted so that the shock field, measured from eight extracellular electrodes encircling the microelectrode, was about 5 V/cm. Monophasic and biphasic S2 shocks were given starting with an S1-S2 interval of 120 msec, which was increased in 5-msec steps until an action potential was produced by the S2 shock. Both monophasic and biphasic 5 V/cm shock fields caused significant prolongation of action potential duration. The prolongation of action potential duration increased as the S1-S2 interval increased. This prolongation occurred at shorter S1-S2 intervals for 5-msec monophasic shocks than for biphasic shocks.
Optimization of the Network (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Technical Parameters SFN Size Effect of Transmitter Power on Network Costs
Experimental study on the impact of anchor losses on the quality factor of contour mode AlN resonators (2013)

This paper presents an experimental study on the impact of anchor losses on the quality factor (Q) of laterally vibrating AlN contour mode resonators for three different resonance frequency devices (220 MHz, 370 MHz, and 1.05 GHz). Anchors of different width (W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> ) and length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sub> ) were designed as supports for resonators having a vibrating body of identical dimensions. The results confirm that the main source of damping is associated with anchor losses at 220 MHz and interfacial losses at 1.05 GHz. Furthermore, finite element analysis (FEA) was used to model anchor losses in AlN CMRs, exhibiting excellent agreement with the measurements.
Commentary: Antioxidants for Cancer: New Tricks for an Old Dog? (2009)

Traditionally, the main focus of the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in oncology is that these species induce DNA damage, leading to a predisposition to cancer. However, it has recently been shown that ROS may have an alternative activity, by modulating tumor cell signaling. Moreover, tumor cell signaling mediated by ROS is readily reversible upon treatment with antioxidants. This emerging evidence on the molecular effects of antioxidants on tumor cells, along with the evidence that the route of administration of antioxidants in earlier clinical trials for cancer could not achieve pharmacologically effective levels, suggests that antioxidants may serve as bona fide signal transduction modifiers for cancer. A re-examination of the current evidence and further study is clearly warranted.
Bran Particle Size Influence on Pasta Microstructure, Water Distribution, and Sensory Properties (2015)

Whole wheat pasta offers improved nutritional value compared with regular pasta but lacks appeal to many consumers owing to its negative organoleptic properties, such as texture and taste. Various approaches have been studied to improve these properties in whole wheat products. Optimizing bran particle size showed its potential in noodles, but studies of its effects in pasta are scarce. Therefore, we produced spaghetti enriched with bran fractions similar in chemical composition but with varying median particle sizes of 90, 160, 370, and 440 µm. The effect of bran particles and their median size on dried and cooked pasta was studied by light microscopy and three‐dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. In general, bran particle size did not influence the macrostructure in cooked spaghetti. However, larger bran particles created a more heterogeneous microstructure in contrast to smaller particles and affected starch granule swelling. Sensory analysis indicated a preference for pasta containing smaller particles. Our results give new insight into the microstructural features responsible for the negative consumer appeal, and they could be used to guide future efforts in designing improved pasta formulations.
Regenerative phenotype in mice with a point mutation in transforming growth factor β type I receptor ( TGFBR1 ) (2011)

Regeneration of peripheral differentiated tissue in mammals is rare, and regulators of this process are largely unknown. We carried out a forward genetic screen in mice using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis to identify genetic mutations that affect regenerative healing in vivo. More than 400 pedigrees were screened for closure of a through-and-through punch wound in the mouse ear. This led to the identification of a single pedigree with a heritable, fast, and regenerative wound-healing phenotype. Within 5 wk after ear-punch, a threefold decrease in the diameter of the wound was observed in the mutant mice compared with the wild-type mice. At 22 wk, new cartilage, hair follicles, and sebaceous glands were observed in the newly generated tissue. This trait was mapped to a point mutation in a receptor for TGF-β, TGFBR1. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts from the affected mice had increased expression of a subset of TGF-β target genes, suggesting that the mutation caused partial activation of the receptor. Further, bone marrow stromal cells from the mutant mice more readily differentiated to chondrogenic precursors, providing a plausible explanation for the enhanced development of cartilage islands in the regenerated ears. This mutant mouse strain provides a unique model to further explore regeneration in mammals and, in particular, the role of TGFBR1 in chondrogenesis and regenerative wound healing.
LPCVD Si3N4growth retardation on silicon native oxide compared with in situ HF vapour-deglazed silicon substrates (1991)

The advantages offered by clustered tools, which eliminate parasitic oxidation of silicon as currently observed in classical open furnaces, allow for a more in-depth study of the influence of a complete native oxide deglaze on the silicon nitride deposition. In this study it is found that silicon wafers, kept under vacuum without native oxide etching, tend to show Si3N4 growth retardation whereas gaseous HF etched wafers simultaneously processed do not. Although the linear growth rate is equivalent on both substrates, the final nitride thickness shows a difference of about 5 nm, hence, depending on the substrate pretreatment, nucleation inhibition is observed. Since Auger profiles display an oxygen free but less abrupt Si3N4/Si interface on the deglazed wafers, a silicon-rich interface layer introducing a refractive index gradient in the film provides apparently thicker layers by ellipsometric measurements of very thin nitride deposited on deglazed silicon (<10 nm). However, while nothing is deposited on native oxide, a nitride layer measured at 3.4 nm on deglazed mono shows a remarkable oxidation resistance similar to 2.3 nm pure nitride, whereas a 5-6 nm nitride measured on native oxide after 7 minutes more deposition time is slightly less resistant. This demonstrates not only that nitride is deposited on in situ deglazed mono without nucleation retardation but also that. as a consequence of this, these very thin films have a more homogeneous thickness.
气源分子束外延生长的InAs/InP（100）量子点激光器 (2010)

利用气源分子束外延(GSMBE)技术,在InP(100)衬底上生长InAs量子点激光器。有源区包含5层InAs量子点,每层量子点的平均尺寸是2.9 nm和76 nm,面密度在1010cm-2左右,势垒层为InGaAsP。室温下量子点的光致发光中心波长在1.55μm,发光峰半高宽为108 meV。通过化学湿法腐蚀制备双沟道8μm宽脊条激光器,在20℃连续波工作模式下,腔长为0.7 mm的激光器的阈值电流为143 mA(2.5 kA/cm2),器件的激射中心波长在1.55μm。由于量子点尺寸的非均匀性,在大电
Targeting Mycobacterium tuberculosis Antigens to Dendritic Cells via the DC-Specific-ICAM3-Grabbing-Nonintegrin Receptor Induces Strong T-Helper 1 Immune Responses (2018)

Tuberculosis remains a major global health problem and efforts to develop a more effective vaccine have been unsuccessful so far. Targeting antigens (Ags) to dendritic cells (DCs) <i>in vivo</i> has emerged as a new promising vaccine strategy. In this approach, Ags are delivered directly to DCs <i>via</i> antibodies that bind to endocytic cell-surface receptors. Here, we explored DC-specific-ICAM3-grabbing-nonintegrin (DC-SIGN) targeting as a potential vaccine against tuberculosis. For this, we made use of the hSIGN mouse model that expresses human DC-SIGN under the control of the murine CD11c promoter. We show that <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> delivery of anti-DC-SIGN antibodies conjugated to Ag85B and peptide 25 of Ag85B in combination with anti-CD40, the fungal cell wall component zymosan, and the cholera toxin-derived fusion protein CTA1-DD induces strong Ag-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses. Improved anti-mycobacterial immunity was accompanied by increased frequencies of Ag-specific IFN-γ<sup>+</sup> IL-2<sup>+</sup> TNF-α<sup>+</sup> polyfunctional CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in vaccinated mice compared with controls. Taken together, in this study we provide the proof of concept that the human DC-SIGN receptor can be efficiently exploited for vaccine purposes to promote immunity against mycobacterial infections.
A back-illuminated global-shutter CMOS image sensor with pixel-parallel 14b subthreshold ADC (2018)

Rolling-shutter CMOS image sensors (CISs) are widely used [1,2]. However, the distortion of moving subjects remains an unresolved problem, regardless of the speed at which these sensors are operated. It has been reported that by adopting in-pixel analog memory (MEM) in pixels, a global shutter (GS) can be achieved by saving all pixels simultaneously as stored charges [3,4]. However, as signals from a storage unit are read in a column-wise sequence, a light-shielding structure is required for the MEM to suppress the influence of parasitic light during the reading period. Pixel-parallel ADCs have been reported as methods of implementing GS on a circuit [5,6]. However, these techniques have not been successful in operations on megapixels because they do not address issues such as the timing constraint for reading and writing a digital signal to and from an ADC in a pixel owing to increase in the number of pixels and the increase in the total power consumption of massively parallel comparators (CMs).
On the Stability Region of Multi-Queue Multi-Server Queueing Systems with Stationary Channel Distribution (2011)

In this paper, we characterize the stability region of multi-queue multi-server (MQMS) queueing systems with stationary channel and packet arrival processes. Toward this, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability of the system are derived under general arrival processes with finite first and second moments. We show that when the arrival processes are stationary, the stability region form is a polytope for which we explicitly find the coefficients of the linear inequalities which characterize the stability region polytope.
Field Trials of Use Cases in High Mobility Environment toward Social Implementation of 5G (2018)

Experimental trials of use cases of fifth-generation mobile communications systems (5G) in high mobility environments exceeding 90 km/h were carried out as part of the 5G Field Trials initiated by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan.These trials were conducted to evaluate the transmission and distribution of high-presence, high-resolution video and audio content of sightseeing information, news, advertisements, and entertainment content by 5G for passengers in cars traveling on highways and in trains traveling on a conventional line.
Laser Powder Bed Fusion of Metal Coated Copper Powders (2020)

Laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) of copper alloys with high copper content is difficult due to the high infrared reflectivity and thermal conductivity of these alloys. In this study a simple and scalable method for coating copper powder with tin and nickel is presented, and suggested as an alloying strategy for such alloys. The coated powders were processed in a commercial L-PBF-machine at various scanning speeds. The samples made from coated powders show a lower amount of porosity compared to samples made from in-situ alloyed powders of similar composition.
Real-Time Prediction for Sonic Slowness Logs from Surface Drilling Data Using Machine Learning Techniques (2021)

Abstract Acoustic data obtained from sonic logging tools plays an important role in formation evaluation. Given the associated costs, however, the industry clearly stands to benefit from cheaper technologies to obtain compressional and shear wave slowness data. Therefore, this paper delineates an alternative solution for the prediction of sonic log data by means of Machine Learning (ML). This study takes advantage of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and support vector machine (SVM) ML techniques to predict compressional and shear wave slowness from drilling data only. In particular, the network is trained utilizing 2000 data points such as weight on bit (WOB), rate of penetration (ROP), standpipe pressure (SPP), torque (T), drill pipe rotation (RPM), and mud flow rate (GPM). Consequently, acoustic properties of the rock can be estimated solely from readily available parameters thereby saving both costs and time associated with sonic logs. The obtained results are promising and supportive of both ANFIS and SVM model as viable alternatives to obtain sonic data without the need for running sonic logs. The developed ANFIS model was able to predict compressional and shear wave slowness with correlation coefficients of 0.94 and 0.98 and average absolute percentage errors (AAPE) of 1.87% and 2.61%, respectively. Similarly, the SVM model predicted sonic logs with high accuracy yielding to correlation coefficients of more than 0.98 and AAPE of 0.74% and 0.84% for both compressional and shear logs, respectively. Once a network is trained, the approach naturally lends itself to be integrated as a real time service. This study outlines a novel and cost-effective solution to estimate rock compressional and shear-wave slowness solely from readily available drilling parameters. Importantly, the model has been verified for wells drilled in different formations with complex lithology substantiating the effectiveness of the approach.
Selective Monocarbamoylation of Symmetrical Diols with Alkyl Halides and Potassium Cyanate Using Phase-Transfer Catalysis (1990)

A convenient method for the selective monocarbamoylation of diols by reaction with alkyl isocyanates, generated in situ from alkyl halides and potassium cyanate under phase-transfer catalysis, is described. Under these conditions the ease of reaction shows the following order cis-diols > trans-diols and diols > monoalcohols. An increase in the number of methylene groups between two hydroxyl groups lead to a decrease in product yields. A plausible mechanism to explain these results is proposed.
Competitive learning suggests circulating miRNA profiles for cancers decades prior to diagnosis (2020)

MicroRNAs are regulators of gene expressionand may be key markers in liquid biopsy.Early diagnosis is an effective means to increase patients' overall survival. We generated genome-wide miRNA profiles from serum of patients and controls from the population-based Janus Serum Bank (JSB) and analysed them by bioinformatics and artificial intelligence approaches. JSB contains sera from 318,628 originally healthy persons, more than 96,000 of whom developed cancer. We selected 210 serum samples from patients with lung, colon or breast cancer at three time points prior to diagnosis (up to 32 years prior to diagnosis with median 5 years interval between TPs), one time-point after diagnosis and from individually matched controls. The controls were matched on age and year of all pre-diagnostic sampling time-points for the corresponding case. Using ANOVA we report 70 significantly deregulated markers (adjusted p-value<0.05). The driver for the significance was the diagnostic time point (miR-575, miR-6821-5p, miR-630 with adjusted p-values<10<sup>-10</sup>). Further, 91miRNAs were differently expressed in pre-diagnostic samples as compared to controls (nominal p < 0.05). Self-organized maps (SOMs)indicated larges effects in lung cancer samples while breast cancer samples showed the least pronounced changes. SOMsalsohighlighted cancer and time point specific miRNA dys-regulation. Intriguingly, a detailed breakdown of the results highlighted that 51% of all miRNAs were highly specific, either for a time-point or a cancer entity. Pathway analysis highlighted 12 pathways including Hipo signalling and ABC transporters.Our results indicate that tumours may be indicated by serum miRNAs decades prior the clinical manifestation.