gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ca2+release dynamics in parotid and pancreatic exocrine acinar cells evoked by spatially limited flash photolysis (2007)

Intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) signals are central to the mechanisms underlying fluid and protein secretion in pancreatic and parotid acinar cells. Calcium release was studied in natively buffered cells following focal laser photolysis of caged molecules. Focal photolysis of caged-inositol 1,4,5 trisphosphate (InsP(3)) in the apical region resulted in Ca(2+) release from the apical trigger zone and, after a latent period, the initiation of an apical-to-basal Ca(2+) wave. The latency was longer and the wave speed significantly slower in pancreatic compared with parotid cells. Focal photolysis in basal regions evoked only limited Ca(2+) release at the photolysis site and never resulted in a propagating wave. Instead, an apical-to-basal wave was initiated following a latent period. Again, the latent period was significantly longer under all conditions in pancreas than parotid. Although slower in pancreas than parotid, once initiated, the apical-to-basal wave speed was constant in a particular cell type. Photo release of caged-Ca(2+) failed to evoke a propagating Ca(2+) wave in either cell type. However, the kinetics of the Ca(2+) signal evoked following photolysis of caged-InsP(3) were significantly dampened by ryanodine in parotid but not pancreas, indicating a more prominent functional role for ryanodine receptor (RyR) following InsP(3) receptor (InsP(3)R) activation. These data suggest that differing expression levels of InsP(3)R, RyR, and possibly cellular buffering capacity may contribute to the fast kinetics of Ca(2+) signals in parotid compared with pancreas. These properties may represent a specialization of the cell type to effectively stimulate Ca(2+)-dependent effectors important for the differing primary physiological role of each gland.
P2‐170: SECERNIN‐1 IS A NOVEL EARLY MARKER OF NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2018)

Our recent proteomic analysis of amyloid plaques identified numerous novel plaque associated proteins not previously implicated in AD pathogenesis. Immunohistochemistry screening of these novel proteins revealed that secernin-1 showed distinct and abundant colocalization in both amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Very little is known about the function of secernin-1 and its role in AD has not yet been studied. We used immunohistochemistry and protein binding studies to further understand the role of secernin-1 in AD. Immunohistochemistry was performed on hippocampal brain sections from n=48 age-matched patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or no cognitive impairment. Secernin-1 expression was also examined in other tauopathies (FTLD-Tau and corticobasal degeneration), other rare amyloidoses (familial Danish dementia, HCHWA-D, Hungarian amyloidosis), and in Down syndrome. Interaction of secernin-1 with phosphorylated tau or Aβ in human cortical tissue was examined using co-immunoprecipitation. Immunohistochemistry showed that secernin-1 is a neuronal protein that abundantly accumulates in NFTs and plaque-associated dystrophic neurites in AD. Quantification of secernin-1 immunohistochemistry confirmed that there was significantly more secernin-1 inside NFTs in comparison to surrounding neurons (p<0.0001). Secernin-1 colocalization in NFTs appeared early in NFT development; secernin-1 was present in NFTs in MCI and secernin-1 colocalized with the antibody MC1, a marker of early NFT development. Additionally, there was increased secernin-1 expression in Down syndrome. Unexpectedly, secernin-1 did not colocalize with phosphorylated tau positive lesions in other types of tauopathies, suggesting that its presence is specific to NFTs in AD. Co-immunoprecipitation studies showed that secernin-1 directly bound to phosphorylated tau in human AD brains. Further co-immunoprecipitation studies are ongoing to determine whether secernin-1 also binds to Aβ. Here we present evidence that secernin-1 is a novel early marker of NFTs in AD. Protein binding studies suggest that its presence in NFTs is a result of direct binding to phosphorylated tau. As such, secernin-1 has potential as a novel therapeutic target for AD and could serve as a useful biomarker for AD.
Binding of 2-hydroxyestradiol to rat anterior pituitary cell membranes. (1980)

We have studied the specific binding of 1,3,5(10)-estratrien-2,3,17 beta-triol (2-hydroxyestradiol) to an enriched membrane fraction isolated from the rat anterior pituitary gland. Specific [6,7-(3)H]2-hydroxyestradiol-17 beta ([3H]2-hydroxyestradiol) binding is saturable and displays a high and low affinity binding component. The apparent dissociation constants, KD, are 4 +/- 2 x 10(-10) and 2 x 10(-6) M with 13 fmol and 2.6 pmol bound/mg of protein, respectively. The specific high affinity binding increases linearly with increasing amounts of tissue protein. The binding is both temperature- and pH-dependent, with maximal binding at 37 degrees C and pH 7.4. The 2-hydroxyestradiol binding is shown to be stereospecific. Dopamine and spiroperidol (a dopamine antagonist) competitively inhibit the specific binding of [3H]2-hydroxyestradiol to the high affinity binding site with inhibition constants, KI, of 1 x 10(-6) M and 2 x 10(-5) M, respectively. Related catecholestrogens (2-hydroxyestrone and 2-hydroxyestriol) are also competitive inhibitors of [3H]2-hydroxyestradiol binding with KI values of 1.5 x 10(-5) M and 1.9 x 10(-5) M, respectively. None of the estrogens (estrone, estradiol, estriol) or 2-methoxyestrogen derivatives (2-methoxyestrone, 2-methoxyestradiol, 2-methoxyestriol) inhibits [3H]2-hydroxyestradiol binding at concentrations up to 10(-4) M. Norepinephrine, epinephrine, and serotonin are also ineffective as inhibitors at concentrations of 10(-5) M and inhibited less than 20% at 10(-4) M. Centrifugation through a stepwise discontinuous sucrose density gradient is used to separate subcellular components of the anterior pituitary cells. Approximately 90 per cent of the specific [3H]2-hydroxyestradiol binding is associated with the material at the 47.4 to 52.9% sucrose interface, the layer most highly enriched for 5'-nucleotidase (an enzyme marker for plasma membranes). Studies of tissue specificity indicate that specific 2-hydroxyestradiol binding sites are heterogeneously distributed in nervous tissue with the highest concentration of binding sites in the anterior pituitary, cerebral cortex, and hypothalamus and lower levels found in the thalamus and striatum. Low levels 2-hydroxyestradiol binding sites are also identified in liver and uterus. The present demonstration of specific 2-hydroxyestradiol binding to the anterior pituitary membrane provides information on the mechanism of catecholestrogen action.
Stimulating PD-1???negative signals concurrent with blocking CD154 co-stimulation induces long-term islet allograft survival1 (2003)

These results suggest that engaging the negative receptor PD-1 exhibits critical immunoregulatory effects in the allograft response, and blocking positive co-stimulatory molecules with active delivery of inhibitory signals may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in transplantation.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(naphtho(2,3‐c)thiophene‐alt‐bithiophene): A Novel Low Band Gap Polymer. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Stochastic optimization for real time service capacity allocation under random service demand (2011)

The problem of repeated allocation of limited renewable service resources to distributed service centers is considered here. The objective is to assure a given Quality of Service expressed through percentage of demand which is satisfied during a specified time period. Resource requirements are not fully known at the time when a decision about the service resource distribution is taken. The problem is addressed by formulating a succession of stochastic optimization problems solved at the time of resource allocation. Solutions of these problems are derived by applying duality theory. We pay special attention to the interplay between performance and risk by introducing the concept of a risk budget. Results of numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of the approach.
Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted 2-Aryl-3-arylsulfonyl Pyrroles: Unexpected Regioselectivity in Directed ortho-Metallation Reactions (2008)

3-Arylsulfonyl pyrroles can be readily obtained from 3-Br-TIPS pyrrole via halogen-metal exchange and subsequent sulfonylation. The regioselectivity of the subsequent directed ortho-metallation (DOM) reaction in order to functionalise the C-2 position depends on the nature of the base (LTMP, n- or s-BuLi) and the N-substituent (SEM or Boc) used. The bulk of the N-substituent also strongly influences the yield of the subsequent Suzuki coupling with 2-iodo-3-arylsulfonyl pyrrole derivatives.
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation with repetitive activity inducible within the distal Purkinje system (2019)

Ventricular ectopy mostly originating from the distal Purkinje system is observed in up to 30% of cases of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (VF).1–5 These ectopies commonly have short coupling R-on-T intervals. However, the Purkinje triggers are often transient, present only during short arrhythmic periods, which prevents recognition of this condition and its treatment. Here, we report 2 patients with idiopathic VF in whom altered electrophysiological properties and inducible repetitive activity were demonstrated in the peripheral Purkinje system in the absence of clinical short-coupled ectopy.
Introduction of Computer Aided Test Analysis Program for Civil Engineering (2020)

The Computer Aided Test Analysis for Civil Engineering (CATACE) is made based on International standards, regulations and specifications. It includes test analysis for aggregates, bitumen, soil, asphalt concrete and its mixtures. It includes the technical requirements for nuclear gauge, selection parameter for surface dressing, blending for prime coat and tack coat. It provides the unit conversion between American to international system. It provided over 40 kinds of test analysis, and it will be increase working efficiency for the Material Testing Engineer who is working oversea project and follows International Standards. The paper introduces the functions and application of the program.
Supplemental Methods, Tables 1 - 3, Figures 1 - 16 from Identification of Chimeric Antigen Receptors That Mediate Constitutive or Inducible Proliferation of T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: Expression of c-Met and Mesothelin mRNA in activated CD4 T Cells. Table S2: Genes upregulated in CD4+ T cells of healthy human adults expressing c-Met IgG4 continuous CAR or CD19 CD8α non-continuous CAR on day 11. Table S3: Genes downregulated in CD4+ T cells of healthy human adults expressing c-Met IgG4 continuous CAR or CD19 CD8α non-continuous CAR on day 11. Figure S1. Chimeric antigen receptor constructs and relative expression levels. Figure S2. CAR T cells with constitutive proliferation retain specific cytotoxicity. Figure S3. c-Met and mesothelin expression are not detected on human CD4+ T cells. Figure S4. Supernatant from CARs displaying the growth phenotype induces activation of naïve unstimulated T cells. Figure S5.The role of fetal bovine serum in the constitutive growth of c-Met IgG4 28ζ CAR T cells. Figure S6. A) CARs with a constitutive growth phenotype display a unique gene signature. B) CAR T cells with a constitutive growth phenotype display distinct transcription factors. Figure S7. Genome-wide microarray analysis of CAR T cells with constitutive proliferation. Figure S8. Distinct gene expression signature of CAR T cells with constitutive proliferation. Figure S9. CAR T cells with constitutive proliferation have ligand-independent NFAT activation. Figure S10. Transgene expression levels are sufficient to convey the constitutive CAR growth phenotype. Figure S11. Constitutive CAR T cell proliferation results in differentiation and evolution of a distinct cell surface phenotype. Figure S12. Effects of stimulation and cell culture on differentiation of non-transduced T cells. Figure S13. Temporal patterns of telomere restriction fragment length (TRF) in continuous CAR T cells and mock transduced T cells. Figure S14. CAR T cells with a constitutive growth phenotype retain a diverse TCR Vβ repertoire. Figure S15. Engraftment and proliferation of continuous CAR T cells in NSG mice. Figure S16. PGK100 promoter results in antigen driven accumulation of CAR T cells in tissue but not blood.&lt;/p&gt;
Transition Metal Carbene Complexes. (1984)

Abstract : Aryidene complexes of ruthenium have been successfully prepared. These complexes possess reasonable stability and undergo cyclopropanation reactions with olefins. Cis-stereochemistry predominates in the latter reactions. A remarkably stable cyclopropyl substituted carbene complex of iron has been prepared. This complex also undergoes cyclopropanation reactions. (Author)
In vitro stimulation of IgE production at a single precursor level by human alloreactive T helper clones. (1984)

Human alloreactive proliferating T cell clones were isolated by a combination of allogeneic stimulation and interleukin 2-dependent growth. When cultured with B cells and macrophages bearing the appropriate alloantigens, the helper clones induced the production of high levels of IgE, while in the absence of the appropriate stimulation B cells produced undetectable IgE levels. Allogeneic peripheral blood T cells did not provide any help, but rather suppressed the IgE production induced by the alloreactive clones. The development of culture conditions where the help provided by specific T cell clones is non-limiting and suppressor-cytotoxic T cells are absent allowed the set up of limiting dilution experiments to determine the frequency of the B cells activated to high rate IgE production. One in 2,200-6,000 B cells in the peripheral blood of normal donors was activated to produce measurable amounts of IgE. This experimental system will allow the clonal analysis of the IgE antibody repertoire, in different physiological and pathological conditions.
Markers of psoriatic skin phenotype: androgen/estrogen and cortisone/cortisol imbalance, and DNA damage (2022)

ABSTRACT Patients prone to psoriasis suffer after a breakdown of the epidermal barrier and develop poorly healing lesions with abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes. Strong inflammatory reactions with genotoxicity (short telomeres) suggest impaired immune defences with DNA damage repair response (DDR) in patients with psoriasis. Recent evidence indicates the existence of crosstalk mechanisms linking the DDR machinery and hormonal signalling pathways that cooperate to influence both progressions of many diseases and responses to treatment. The aim of this study was to clarify whether steroid biosynthesis and genomic stability markers are altered in parallel during the formation of psoriatic skin. Understanding between the interaction of the steroid pathway and DNA damage response is crucial to addressing underlying fundamental issues and managing resulting epidermal barrier disruption in psoriasis. Twenty patients with psoriasis and fifteen healthy volunteers were included in this study. Transcription levels of estrogen ( ESR1, ESR2 ), androgen ( AR ), glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid receptors ( NR3C1, NR3C2 ), HSD11B1/HSD11B2 genes, and DNA damage sensors ( SMC1A, TREX1, TREX2, SSBP3, RAD1, RAD18, EXO1, POLH, HUS1 ) were determined by Real-Time-PCR in blood and skin samples (Lesional, non-lesional) from psoriasis and control groups. Results We found that ESR1, ESR2, HSD11B1, NR3C1, NR3C2, POLH , and SMC1A transcripts were significantly decreased and AR, TREX1, RAD1 , and SSBP3 transcripts were increased dramatically in the lesional skin compared to skin samples of controls. As a result, we found that the regulation of the steroidogenic pathway was disrupted in the lesional tissue of psoriasis patients and that a sufficient glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid response did not form and the estrogen/androgen balance was altered in favour of androgens. We suggest that an increased androgen response in the presence of DDR increases the risk of developing psoriasis. Although this situation may be the cause or the consequence of a disruption of the epidermal barrier, our data suggest developing new therapeutic strategies.
Water‐soluble prodrugs of cyclosporine A with tailored conversion rates (2005)

A novel type of water-soluble prodrugs of cyclosporine A (CsA) is described, featuring a modular system of an enzyme-cleavable group, a solubilizing moiety and a chemodegradable spacer attached to the hydroxyl function of (4R)-4-[(E)-2-butenyl]-4-,N-dimethyl-l-threonine (MeBmt)-1 of CsA. The chemical synthesis of these double prodrugs proceeds in high yield and purity and allows for a systematic study of the influence of the structural parameters upon physicochemical and pharmacological properties. The evaluation of the chemical and enzymatic stability results in differential values of the conversion rates (minutes to several hours) in support of an enzyme-triggered release of the parent drug as the rate-limiting step. In vitro studies show that the designed prodrug systems can be regarded as soft prodrugs in being devoid of cyclophiline A (CypA) binding and that complete conversion to the parent drug occurs in whole rat blood, setting the stage for therapeutic use.
anti-1,2-Diols via Ni-Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Alkynes and α-Oxyaldehydes (2005)

[reaction: see text] Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling of aryl alkynes (1) and enantiomerically enriched alpha-oxyaldehydes (2) afford differentiated anti-1,2-diols (3) with high diastereoselectivity and regioselectivity, despite the fact that the methoxymethyl (MOM) and para-methoxybenzyl (PMB) protective groups typically favor syn-1,2-diol formation in carbonyl addition reactions of this family of aldehydes.
KILM: Knowledge Injection into Encoder-Decoder Language Models (2023)

Yan Xu, Mahdi Namazifar, Devamanyu Hazarika, Aishwarya Padmakumar, Yang Liu, Dilek Hakkani-Tur. Proceedings of the 61st Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). 2023.
Incorporating artificial intelligence in microsimulation (2001)

The analysis of behaviours of individuals or small groups of individuals has many applications in economic and social policy, in particular in study of impacts of alternative policy measures. Microsimulation models allow such microanalyses to be quantitative and empirical. Microsimulation may be viewed as an attempt to model and simulate whole distribution of policy target variables, not only their mean values. The microsimulation approach is thus primarily designed for studies of distributional effects of economic policy, and one of its main advantages is that it permits assumptions about heterogeneous behaviour. Troitzsch et al. (1996) describe social science microsimulation as the simulation of dynamic feedback (in both directions) between individual states and states of population as a whole or certain groups within a population. Microsimulation was introduced over four decades ago by Orcutt (1957), and has experienced something of a revival in social sciences over past decade (Merz, 1991; Clarke, 1996; Isard et al. 1998). It has been used to study various social phenomena such as population growth and development, effect of ageing and pension formulas on social insurance funding, and effect of various tax regimes on fiscal budgeting. The spatial dynamic microsimulation model (dubbed SVERIGE, or System for Visualising Economic and Regional Influences Governing Environment) built at Spatial Modelling Centre in Kiruna, Sweden, is unique (Vencatasawmy et al. 1999). It is first national-level spatial microsimulation model to be constructed, thereby permitting analysts to study spatial consequences of various national, regional and local-level public policies. Assisting model-building effort is an important database comprising longitudinal socio-economic information on every resident of Sweden for period 1985 to 1995. The locations of individuals in this database are given in co-ordinates accurate to 100 metres. This database may be augmented using data from other sources if required. It is therefore possible to estimate behavioural equations on various geographical scales and to describe complex dynamic spatial relationships. This paper is an investigation into what can be gained by replacing property value module of SVERIGE based on hedonic price regression equations with neural networks. It addresses design problems that have to be accounted for in both methods, and compares advantages and efficiencies of using one approach in favour of other.
Selective electrodialysis for simultaneous but separate phosphate and ammonium recovery (2019)

Nutrients were extracted from digester supernatant sampled from a full-scale enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) wastewater treatment plant. A four-compartment selectrodialysis setup was used to extract ammonium and phosphate in two separate compartments. The initial phosphate recovery rate was measured to be 0.072 mmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> and the initial ammonium recovery rate was measured to be 1.31 mmol m<sup>-2</sup> s<sup>-1</sup>. The ammonium recovery rate was 18 times higher than that for phosphate, whereas the molar concentration of ammonium in the feed was 10 times higher than that of phosphate. An average recovery of 72 ± 1% and 90 ± 10% for ammonium and phosphate was observed after 3 h of operation. A monovalent anion selective (MVA) membrane was used to avoid ammonium and reduce the concentration of monovalent anions in the phosphorus stream. The pH in the phosphorus stream was kept at 10 so phosphate did not pass the MVA membrane. A membrane area of 26 m<sup>2</sup> per m<sup>3</sup> digester supernatant was required to recover 70% of phosphate and ammonium for the digester supernatant that contained 6 mM phosphate and 105 mM ammonium.
Correlation between immunochemical characteristics and immunohistochemical applicability of nine lines of monoclonal antibodies against rat brain glutaminase. (1988)

Nine lines of monoclonal IgM antibodies to rat brain glutaminase were produced from a mouse. The antibodies were named MAb-19, -21, -45, -48, -51, -55, -59, -97, and -120. Immunotitration tests revealed that six of the nine antibodies (MAb-19, -21, -45, -48, -97, and -120) absorbed dose-dependently more than 75% of glutaminase activity in rat brain. By immunoelectroblotting after gel electrophoresis of the homogenate, all antibodies showed a positive band at the same position as that of the purified enzyme. However, MAb-55, -59, and -97 crossreacted with other proteins. Despite the difference in their specificities, all of the antibodies except MAb-51 competed with one another for determinants on the enzyme. The competition test further indicated that the affinities of the antibodies were in the order MAb-120 greater than -21 greater than -48 greater than -19 not equal to -45 greater than or equal to -97 greater than or equal to -55 greater than or equal to 59. When applied to immunohistochemical staining of cerebral cortex of rat brain, the five specific antibodies (MAb-19, -21, -45, -48, and -120) produced essentially the same pattern of neuronal labeling; they labeled specifically pyramidal neurons, which are reportedly glutamatergic. The most intense labeling was obtained with MAb-120.