gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dry-etching of barium-strontium-titanate thin films (2002)

Reactive Ion Etching of Ba/sub 0.7/Sr/sub 0.3/TiO/sub 3/ (BST)-thin films was studied by using a Lam TCP/sup TM/ 9400 high density, low pressure plasma reactor. The BST films were prepared by chemical solution deposition and masked using patterned photoresist. Several parameters of the etch process were varied including: etch chemistry, total pressure, coil power, bottom power, and gas flow. Etch results were characterized using scanning electron microscopy with respect to etch rate, selectivity to photoresist mask and SiO/sub 2/, etch profile, sidewall redepositions (fence), and residues of etch products. Chlorine chemistry, high coil power and a low total pressure were needed in order to effectively suppress the forming of fences and residues. An etch process was established with an etch rate of 70 nm/min and a profile slope of about 80.
Polarized ftir spectroscopic study of a high-temperature ferrielectric phase of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (2000)

Abstract The molecular orientational distribution for a homogeneously aligned cell of an antiferroelectric liquid crystal (R)-(-)-l-methylheptyl-4-(4′-dodecyIoxybiphenyl-4-ylcarbonyloxy)-3-fluorobenzoate (with acronym (R)-12OBP1M7) in the high-temperature ferrielectric (FiLC) phase is studied using FTIR spectroscopy. For several characteristic bands, the polarization dependence of the absorbance is analyzed for different stages of the electrically induced transformations of the sample structure, including the phase transition from the FiLC phase to the Sm-C* phase and the helix unwinding. A qualitative similarity of the voltage dependence of the angular shift of the absorbance profile for the „chiral” carbonyl band to that of the macroscopic polarization is found. The presence of rotational orientational biasing of C=O groups around the long molecular axis is confirmed by the IR dichroic data for the field induced Sm-C* phase.
Carbon, 3. Graphite (2010)

The article contains sections titled:



1.	Single Crystal	
2.	Natural Graphite	
3.	Synthetic Graphite
Time to share: lessons from post hoc analyses of IPF trials (2016)

It is, perhaps, an embarrassment of riches for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) researchers and providers—the approval of pirfenidone and nintedanib for the treatment of IPF and on its heels, an unprecedented interest on the part of pharmaceutical companies to sponsor clinical trials to test new candidates. In addition, large amounts of clinical data from patients with IPF of very diverse genetic and environmental backgrounds accompanied the clinical trials for pirfenidone and nintedanib. And the new studies promise to yield even more data, repositories of blood, cells, DNA and RNA, at an ever-increasing degree of sophistication. With the availability of these biorepositories and data repositories, very provocative questions can be asked—and potentially answered.

It is in this context that we read in Thorax a new post hoc analysis by Professor Kreuter and colleagues of 624 patients with IPF pooled from the placebo arms of the pirfenidone trials (CAPACITY 004 and 006 and ASCEND).1 The authors have previously analysed these patients and have addressed some intriguing questions, including how anticoagulation and acid suppression in IPF for comorbid conditions affected study outcomes.2 ,3 In the present article, they have turned their attention to another question that has dogged clinical researchers previously, namely how the use of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG coenzyme A) reductase inhibitors, popularly known as ‘statins’, affects outcomes in IPF. The authors employed a shared frailty model, which is an extension of the Cox regression model,1 to determine the effect of statins on study outcomes without adjustment and a multivariate model to adjust for age, …
Degradation of Laser-Crystallized Laterally Grown Poly-Si TFT under Dynamic Stress (2007)

This letter studies the electrical degradation of laterally grown polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (poly-Si TFTs) under dynamic voltage stress. The experimental results show the serious electrical degradation of poly-Si TFTs with a protruding grain boundary. The concentration of the electric field in the protrusion region was verified by capacitance-voltage measurements and simulation of the device characteristics. These results reveal that more electrons are induced at the grain boundary of the poly-Si channel because of the relatively high electric field in the protrusion region. Based on these data, this letter proposes a model to explain the enhanced electrical degradation of poly-Si TFTs with a protruding grain boundary, generated by laser-crystallized lateral growth technique
Collective Intelligence (2021)

Abstract The chapter provides an introduction to the social science of ‘collective intelligence’, the aggregation of individual judgments for purposes of collective decision making. It starts from the basic logic of the Condorcet jury theorem and summarises the main determinants of the accuracy of collective cognition. The recent research has focused on developing and refining formal aggregation methods beyond majority voting. The chapter presents the main findings on the two general approaches, surveying and prediction markets. It then contrasts these techniques with informal deliberation as a basic and prevalent aggregation mechanism. One conclusion is that while deliberation is prone to herding and can distort collective judgment, it is also more versatile and robust than formal mechanisms.
Sulfatase-activated fluorophores for rapid discrimination of mycobacterial species and strains (2013)

Most current diagnostic tests for tuberculosis do not reveal the species or strain of pathogen causing pulmonary infection, which can lead to inappropriate treatment regimens and the spread of disease. Here, we report an assay for mycobacterial strain assignment based on genetically conserved mycobacterial sulfatases. We developed a sulfatase-activated probe, 7-hydroxy-9H-(1,3-dichloro-9,9-dimethylacridin-2-one)-sulfate, that detects enzyme activity in native protein gels, allowing the rapid detection of sulfatases in mycobacterial lysates. This assay revealed that mycobacterial strains have distinct sulfatase fingerprints that can be used to judge both the species and lineage. Our results demonstrate the potential of enzyme-activated probes for rapid pathogen discrimination for infectious diseases.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of KTE-X19 CAR T therapy versus real-world standard of care in patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma post BTKi in England (2022)

Considering the survival and quality of life benefits compared to SoC, KTE-X19 for R/R MCL appears as a cost-effective treatment in the real-world UK setting.
Ileal immune tonus is a prognosis marker of proximal colon cancer in mice and patients (2020)

Ileal epithelial cell apoptosis and the local microbiota modulate the effects of oxaliplatin against proximal colon cancer by modulating tumor immunosurveillance. Here, we identified an ileal immune profile associated with the prognosis of colon cancer and responses to chemotherapy. The whole immune ileal transcriptome was upregulated in poor-prognosis patients with proximal colon cancer, while the colonic immunity of healthy and neoplastic areas was downregulated (except for the Th17 fingerprint) in such patients. Similar observations were made across experimental models of implanted and spontaneous murine colon cancer, showing a relationship between carcinogenesis and ileal inflammation. Conversely, oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy could restore a favorable, attenuated ileal immune fingerprint in responders. These results suggest that chemotherapy inversely shapes the immune profile of the ileum-tumor axis, influencing clinical outcome.
Ion focus via microchannels in spherical inertial-electrostatic confinement and its pulsed experiment results (1995)

Summary form only given, as follows. Spherical inertial-electrostatic confinement fusion (IEC) uses spherical electric potential for accelerating and confining ion particles for nuclear fusion reactions. The U. of Il. device consists of two spherical concentric electrodes. The vacuum vessel wall serves as the outer electrode, and the inner electrode is a 85% transparent cathode-grid which is used to accelerate ions extracted from a plasma discharge formed between the wall and grid. Current experiments at the U. of Il. Measured the confining potential well while steady-state D-D fusion reaction rates of 10/sup 6/ reactions/sec have been achieved. At this level, the device already offers an attractive fusion neutron source for diagnostic applications. The current research described here is intended to increase the source strength, hence provide opportunity for new applications. To further increase the neutron yield, theoretical investigations have indicated a nonlinear neutron yield scaling at high current. Unfortunately, electrode heating has limited the current to only 10's mA in steady-state operation. Pulsed experiments are now being explored to increase the current to higher levels while maintaining an average input power compatible with grid heating. In the paper, we describe the high current pulsed experiment results combined with the effect of microchannels on ion focusing. The implications of this results for higher power-density experiments are also presented.
Evaluation of enzymatic and magnetic properties of γ-glutamyl-[1-13C]glycine and its deuteration toward longer retention of the hyperpolarized state (2021)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is an emerging cutting-edge method of acquiring metabolic and physiological information <i>in vivo</i>. We recently developed γ-glutamyl-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]glycine (γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly) as a DNP nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) molecular probe to detect γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activity <i>in vivo</i>. However, the detailed enzymatic and magnetic properties of this probe remain unknown. Here, we evaluate a γ-Glu-Gly scaffold and develop a deuterated probe, γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly-<i>d</i> <sub>2</sub>, that can realize a longer lifetime of the hyperpolarized signal. We initially evaluated the GGT-mediated enzymatic conversion of γ-Glu-Gly and the magnetic properties of <sup>13</sup>C-enriched γ-Glu-Gly (γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly and γ-[5-<sup>13</sup>C]Glu-Gly) to support the validity of γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly as a DNP NMR molecular probe for GGT. We then examined the spin-lattice relaxation time (<i>T</i> <sub>1</sub>) of γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly and γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly-<i>d</i> <sub>2</sub> under various conditions (D<sub>2</sub>O, PBS, and serum) and confirmed that the <i>T</i> <sub>1</sub> of γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly and γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly-<i>d</i> <sub>2</sub> was maintained for 30 s (9.4 T) and 41 s (9.4 T), respectively, even in serum. Relaxation analysis of γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly revealed a significant contribution of the dipole-dipole interaction and the chemical shift anisotropy relaxation pathway (71% of the total relaxation rate at 9.4 T), indicating the potential of deuteration and the use of a lower magnetic field for realizing a longer <i>T</i> <sub>1</sub>. In fact, by using γ-Glu-[1-<sup>13</sup>C]Gly-<i>d</i> <sub>2</sub> as a DNP probe, we achieved longer retention of the hyperpolarized signal at 1.4 T.
Improving Handling of Shunt-Reactor Effects during Fault with Focus on Protection Devices (2019)

In this paper, the application of the shunt-reactor on the line, its advantages and disadvantages are discussed with relevant calculations and simulations. The paper also presents modeling, dimensioning and location issues of shunt-reactors. This depth is necessary for the understanding of problems which can occur in protection devices. The paper proposes possible solutions of these issues and presents the derivation of the proposed approach. Application of the described solution guarantees more reliability of protection operation on lines with shunt reactors.
Coupled-pendulum model of the stimulated resonance Raman effect (1988)

A set of three classical coupled pendulums is used to model the stimulated resonance Raman interaction. This model provides a simple, intuitive, physical description of the resonance Raman process and can also be used to interpret experimental observations, including the dynamics of Raman-induced transparency, the physical nature of Ramsey fringes in separated-field excitation, and the effects of off-resonant laser excitation. The model has also been extended to suggest what might be observed for strong laser fields.
TBAI/TBHP-catalyzed [3 + 2]cycloaddition/oxidation/aromatization cascade and online ESI-MS mechanistic studies: synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and indolizino[8,7-b]indoles (2015)

A facile [3 + 2]cycloaddition/oxidation/aromatization cascade reaction for the synthesis of pyrrolo[2,1-<italic>a</italic>]isoquinolines and indolizino[8,7-<italic>b</italic>]indoles has been developed by employing <italic>tert</italic>-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) and tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI).
Current and Voltage Reconstruction From Non-Contact Field Measurements (2016)

Non-contact electromagnetic field sensors can monitor voltage and current in multiple-conductor cables from a distance. Knowledge of the cable and sensor geometry is generally required to determine the transformation that recovers voltages and currents from the sensed electromagnetic fields. This paper presents a new calibration technique that enables the use of non-contact sensors without the prior knowledge of conductor geometry. Calibration of the sensors is accomplished with a reference load or through observation of in situ loads.
Optimal design considerations for interior permanent magnet motor for a range-extended electric vehicle (2013)

Interior permanent magnet motors (IPM) have been widely used in electric or hybrid electric vehicles due to their high efficiency and high power density. Frequent starts and stops, acceleration and deceleration of vehicles present heavy requirements for the drive motor. In this paper, a 4kW interior permanent magnet motor is designed for a small range-extended electric vehicle. A case study has been carried out for a range-extended solar-electric auto rickshaw, which is used extensively in Asian cities for point-to-point transportation with frequent starts and stops. Based on the specifications for the auto rickshaw, the optimal design processes of traction motor has been proposed, which includes specific considerations for determining dimensions of the stator and rotor, selection of slot-pole combination, skewing effect, the structure of rotor and permanent magnets, analysis of the pole-arc to pole-pitch ratio and reduction of active material in the motor. Analytical results obtained are verified by finite element analysis (FEA).
Use of the Semipermeable Membrane Device as an in Situ Sampler of Waterborne Bioavailable PCDD and PCDF Residues at Sub-Parts-per-Quadrillion Concentrations (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of the Semipermeable Membrane Device as an in Situ Sampler of Waterborne Bioavailable PCDD and PCDF Residues at Sub-Parts-per-Quadrillion ConcentrationsJon A. Lebo, Robert W. Gale, Jimmie D. Petty, Donald E. Tillitt, James N. Huckins, John C. Meadows, Carl E. Orazio, Kathy R. Echols, Dennis J. Schroeder, and Lloyd E. InmonCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1995, 29, 11, 2886–2892Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00011a027https://doi.org/10.1021/es00011a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Controls the Progression of Prostate Cancer to Androgen-Independent Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The Nuclear Factor-κB Pathway Controls the Progression of Prostate Cancer to Androgen-Independent Growth
Nuclear Localization of Growth Hormone Receptor: Another Age of Discovery for Cytokine Action? (2007)

The conventional view of cytokine signaling is that receptors transmit information to the nucleus without leaving the plasma membrane. However, accumulating data suggest that some membrane receptors may signal by dissociating from the plasma membrane and translocating to the nucleus, where they direct the transcriptional machinery. One example is the growth hormone receptor (GHR), which has been observed in the nuclei of various normal and neoplastic tissues. Waters and colleagues now present new mechanistic data describing how GHR might localize to the nucleus and influence gene transcription. These findings may have implications for the way we think about cytokine signaling.
A Simple Text Mining Approach for Ranking Pairwise Associations in Biomedical Applications (2019)

We present a simple text mining method that is easy to implement, requires minimal data collection and preparation, and is easy to use for proposing ranked associations between a list of target terms and a key phrase. We call this method KinderMiner, and apply it to two biomedical applications. The first application is to identify relevant transcription factors for cell reprogramming, and the second is to identify potential drugs for investigation in drug repositioning. We compare the results from our algorithm to existing data and state-of-the-art algorithms, demonstrating compelling results for both application areas. While we apply the algorithm here for biomedical applications, we argue that the method is generalizable to any available corpus of sufficient size.
Manipulation of nucleation sites in solid-state Si crystallization (1991)

Single grains of Si crystal are manipulated, for the first time, in solid-state crystallization of amorphous Si films. The artificial nucleation sites are introduced by employing the self-ion implantation. The nucleation and growth, during the subsequent thermal annealing strongly depends on the ion dose and energy. Preferential growth of the single nucleus takes place exclusively at each site and continues to propagate over them. Consequently, the location of grains is controlled, and the size distribution is remarkably shrunken in contrast to the films crystallized by random nucleation.
Detection of Renal Artery Stenosis (2001)

Gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography is the most accurate noninvasive modality for detecting renal artery stenosis greater than or equal to 50%. The use of captopril-enhanced Doppler sonography in combination with gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography for identifying renal artery stenosis needs to be evaluated with a cost-effectiveness analysis.
Decompostion of the time reversal operator applied to detection and focusing in a 12-m-deep channel in Brest Bay (2006)

We have developed a 12-kHz, 24-element rigid source receiver array [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 117, 2462 (2005)]. During sea trials in spring 2005, the array has been deployed in the Brest Bay, in a 12-m-deep channel. Backscattered data from a variety of submerged objects have been recorded for distances up to 1 km. After the description of the experimental setup and the acoustic propagation conditions, results from detection experiments using the DORT method will be presented. In particular, we will focus on separation of target echo from bottom reverberation as well as separation of two targets. Resolution and sensitivity aspects of the method will be discussed and compared with results obtained with conventional beamforming. Furthermore, selective focusing by transmission of the eigenvectors of the time reversal operator will be shown. [Work supported by the French DGA/SPN under Contract No. 02 77 154 00 470 75 53.]
The human t(1;19) translocation in pre-B ALL produces multiple nuclear E2A-Pbx1 fusion proteins with differing transforming potentials. (1991)

The t(1;19) translocation that characterizes 25% of pediatric pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (pre-B ALL) produces a chimeric gene, joining 5' sequences that encode a transcriptional activator domain of E2A with 3' sequences that, in part, encode a homeo box domain of a new gene called pbx1. Two E2A-pbx1 transcripts have been cloned. They encode the putative fusion proteins, p85(E2A-Pbx1) and p77(E2A-Pbx1), which differ in Pbx1 sequences alone, containing unique carboxyl termini whose sequences diverge after the Pbx1 homeo box. In this study, an antiserum to Pbx1 was used to investigate the identity and abundance of E2A-Pbx1 fusion proteins in both the pre-B ALL cell line, 697, and in cryopreserved leukemic bone marrow cells, obtained from six children with t(1;19)-positive pre-B ALL. Five species of E2A-Pbx1 proteins were identified in all cells containing t(1;19), two of which were indistinguishable from in vitro-translated p85(E2A-Pbx1) and p77(E2A-Pbx1). To assess the biological properties of p85(E2A-Pbx1) and p77(E2A-Pbx1) in fibroblasts, the cDNAs encoding these proteins were cloned into retroviral vectors, and each was introduced into NIH-3T3 cells. Both p85(E2A-Pbx1) and p77(E2A-Pbx1) are localized in the nucleus, and expression of either resulted in malignant conversion of NIH-3T3 cells as assayed by tumor formation in nude mice. When scored by focus formation, density-independent growth, and growth in agar assays, p77(E2A-Pbx1) was a much more potent transforming protein than was p85(E2A-Pbx1). Because subtle mutations in p85(E2A-Pbx1) converted its transforming activity into that of p77(E2A-Pbx1), we suggest that a sequence within the unique carboxyl terminus of p85(E2A-Pbx1) serves to negatively regulate its biochemical activity.
On‐line monitoring of emulsion polymerisation using conductivity measurements (2004)

Abstract This work investigates the feasibility of implementing conductivity measurements for the purpose of the on‐line monitoring of particle generation by following the evolution of free surfactant concentration during SDS/styrene emulsion polymerisations. The conductivity and temperature were measured on‐line during the reactant addition and reaction stages of a number of batch emulsion polymerisations. Samples were collected for off‐line analysis of particle size and conversion. Observation of the evolution of the conductivity enabled us to measure the effect of surfactant and monomer addition. The maximum size of the monomer droplets was calculated from the decrease in conductivity that represented the adsorption of surfactant molecules onto the droplet surface. The division of SDS between the particle interface and the aqueous phase was also determined giving an indication of the particle stability.