gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of spatial profile of gain and reflectivity in oxide-confined VCSELs (1996)

Summary form only given. Significant progress has been made in VCSELs using native oxide apertures to provide current confinement. It is believed that the oxide aperture provides index guiding to reduce the optical losses of the lasing modes. However, single transverse mode is only achieved with very small size lasers. In this paper, the modal behavior of the oxide-confined lasers are studied using two dimensional beam propagation method and multimode rate equations. We show that even a very thin oxide aperture can provide strong index guiding effect to drive the laser into multimode emission. We also show that by engineering the gain profile or the mirror reflectivity profile, a single fundamental mode emission can be obtained even for relatively large aperture VCSELs.
Accelerated Discovery of Potent Fusion Inhibitors for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2020)

A series of five benzimidazole-based compounds were identified using a machine learning algorithm as potential inhibitors of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein. These compounds were synthesized, and compound <b>2</b> in particular exhibited excellent <i>in vitro</i> potency with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 5 nM. This new scaffold was then further refined leading to the identification of compound <b>44</b>, which exhibited a 10-fold improvement in activity with an EC<sub>50</sub> value of 0.5 nM.
Harnessing single-cell genomics to improve the physiological fidelity of organoid-derived cell types (2018)

Our systematic approach provides a simple workflow for identifying the limitations of in vitro models and enhancing their physiological fidelity. Using adult stem cell-derived PCs within intestinal organoids as a model system, we successfully benchmark organoid representation, relative to that in vivo, of a specialized cell type and use this comparison to generate a functionally improved in vitro PC population. We predict that the generation of rationally improved cellular models will facilitate mechanistic exploration of specific disease-associated genes in their respective cell types.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Conjugate Reduction of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters Using a Chiral Phosphine—Copper Catalyst. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
System Level Considerations in the Incorporation of a Component Thermal Model for an Automotive Application (2005)

A detailed evaluation of modeling techniques used to incorporate a complex component level steady-state thermal model of a 32-pin SSOP package in a system level simulation is described. The device is an Application Specific IC designed for the present system, intended for use in a demanding automotive environment. The paper discusses the development of a compact model, used to enable the incorporation into a system level model with reasonable computational detail. The methodology involves a preliminary system level thermal analysis to estimate the ambient conditions in the vicinity of the device, followed by a detailed model of the device analyzed for various boundary conditions. A simplified compact model of the device is developed and validated against the detailed model. The compact model is shown to be accurate in the prediction of peak temperature in the package and boundary condition independent within realistic extremes of the operating environment. The fact that a compact model may not match the more detailed model at all points in the package is scrutinized in the context of correlation of the model to experimental results. The study highlights the significance of board-level conductivity enhancement and thermal vias under the package in reduction of package temperature.
Electrochemical Tantalum Oxide for Resistive Switching Memories (2017)

Redox-based resistive switching memories (ReRAMs) are strongest candidates for the next-generation nonvolatile memories fulfilling the criteria for fast, energy efficient, and scalable green IT. These types of devices can also be used for selector elements, alternative logic circuits and computing, and memristive and neuromorphic operations. ReRAMs are composed of metal/solid electrolyte/metal junctions in which the solid electrolyte is typically a metal oxide or multilayer oxides structures. Here, this study offers an effective and cheap electrochemical approach to fabricate Ta/Ta<sub>2</sub> O<sub>5</sub> -based devices by anodizing. This method allows to grow high-quality and dense oxide thin films onto a metallic substrates with precise control over morphology and thickness. Electrochemical-oxide-based devices demonstrate superior properties, i.e., endurance of at least 10<sup>6</sup> pulse cycles and/or 10<sup>3</sup> I-V sweeps maintaining a good memory window with a low dispersion in R<sub>OFF</sub> and R<sub>ON</sub> values, nanosecond fast switching, and data retention of at least 10<sup>4</sup> s. Multilevel programing capability is presented with both I-V sweeps and pulse measurements. Thus, it is shown that anodizing has a great prospective as a method for preparation of dense oxide films for resistive switching memories.
Imaging of diffuse objects with dispersive imagers (2013)

Dispersive imagers measure multiple speckle realizations of the object to be estimated. This poses a challenge for coherent imaging as classically objects are backpropagated and then despeckled. We present initial findings on an intensity based method for estimating the scattering density.
The “Footprint” Anterior Cruciate Ligament Technique: An Anatomic Approach to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2009)

To address the technical limitations of the conventional transtibial technique and the steep learning curve associated with double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, we have defined a novel "footprint" technique that reliably allows for anatomic single-bundle ACL reconstruction with minimal technical complications. The technique merges the principles of carefully defining the ACL footprint anatomy with the use of a modified anteromedial portal reaming technique with a flexible guidewire and reaming system. The procedure offers the advantages of an anatomic ACL reconstruction by use of anteromedial portal reaming techniques while avoiding the significant technical risks and pitfalls associated with double-bundle reconstruction. Our experience in over 100 footprint ACL reconstructions has been met with excellent clinical success with minimal intraoperative or postoperative complications. The purpose of this article is to outline the key steps of our defined procedure that are critical to achieving a successful outcome.
A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies of the Association Between Chronic Occupational Exposure to Lead and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2014)

Previous exposure to lead may be a risk factor for ALS.
Converging Proton Minibeams with Magnetic Fields for Optimized Radiation Therapy: A Proof of Concept (2021)

Proton MiniBeam Radiation Therapy (pMBRT) is a novel strategy that combines the benefits of minibeam radiation therapy with the more precise ballistics of protons to further optimize the dose distribution and reduce radiation side effects. The aim of this study is to investigate possible strategies to couple pMBRT with dipole magnetic fields to generate a converging minibeam pattern and increase the center-to-center distance between minibeams. Magnetic field optimization was performed so as to obtain the same transverse dose profile at the Bragg peak position as in a reference configuration with no magnetic field. Monte Carlo simulations reproducing realistic pencil beam scanning settings were used to compute the dose in a water phantom. We analyzed different minibeam generation techniques, such as the use of a static multislit collimator or a dynamic aperture, and different magnetic field positions, i.e., before or within the water phantom. The best results were obtained using a dynamic aperture coupled with a magnetic field within the water phantom. For a center-to-center distance increase from 4 mm to 6 mm, we obtained an increase of peak-to-valley dose ratio and decrease of valley dose above 50%. The results indicate that magnetic fields can be effectively used to improve the spatial modulation at shallow depth for enhanced healthy tissue sparing.
Evidence for Hepatocyte Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro (2002)

We confirmed hepatocyte differentiation from embryonic stem (ES) cells in vitro. RT-PCR analysis revealed that a broad range of hepatic gene expression was observed in ES cells differentiated through formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) and its attachment culture. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that hepatic gene expression related to early and late-stage liver development were enhanced through in vitro differentiation of ES cells. The presence of albumin-producing cells in the peripheral region of attached EBs was confirmed by immunocytochemical analysis. Future experiments will reveal the molecules that induce hepatocyte differentiation from ES cells in vitro. This research will provide systems for the investigation of mechanisms in liver development and establish a method of ES cell-based therapy for liver diseases.
PowerPoint Slides for: Acute Kidney Injury and In-Hospital Mortality after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft versus Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Nationwide Study (2017)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Post-procedural acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significantly increased short- and long-term mortalities, and renal loss. Few studies have compared the incidence of post-procedural AKI and in-hospital mortality between 2 major modalities of revascularization - coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) - and results have been inconsistent. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We generated a propensity score-matched cohort that includes a total of 286,670 hospitalizations with multi-vessel coronary disease undergoing CABG or PCI (2004-2012) from the National Inpatient Sample database. We compared incidence of AKI, AKI requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT), in-hospital mortality, hospital stay, and charges between CABG and PCI groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The incidence of AKI after CABG was higher than PCI (8.9 vs. 4.5%, OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.99-2.12, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). The incidence of AKI requiring RRT was also higher after CABG (1.1 vs. 0.5%, OR 2.14, 95% CI 1.96-2.34, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Likewise, in-hospital mortality was higher after CABG than PCI (2.0 vs. 1.4%, OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.35-1.52, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Among patients with pre-existing chronic kidney disease (stages I-IV), those undergoing CABG was associated with 2.0-2.3-fold higher odds of developing AKI than those undergoing PCI. The patients treated with CABG had a significantly longer hospital stay and higher hospital charges. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> Patients undergoing CABG are associated with (1) increased risk of developing post-procedural AKI, (2) higher likelihood of receiving RRT, and (3) worse short-term survival. Long-term renal outcome remains to be studied.
Object-oriented schema extension and abstraction (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Object-oriented schema extension and abstraction Authors: Walter Hürsch View Profile , Karl Lieberherr View Profile , Sougata Mukherjea View Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '93: Proceedings of the 1993 ACM/SIGAPP symposium on Applied computing: states of the art and practiceMarch 1993 Pages 54–62https://doi.org/10.1145/162754.162807Published:01 March 1993Publication History 4citation260DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads260Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Hand Blockage Impact on 5G mmWave Beam Management Performance (2022)

Modelling and managing user-induced rotation and blockage in handheld multi-antenna panel devices are some of the pivotal challenges of future narrow beam millimeter wave (mmWave) communications. While studies have been conducted separately on multi-panel beam management (BM) performance and mmWave user blockage loss, no study has been made to date, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, on how hand blockage influences beam alignment accuracy in the context of 5G new radio (NR). This paper presents a link-level evaluation on the impact of user hand grip in BM performance under a 5G NR standard compliant signalling and measurement framework. A high-detail handset model is employed, equipped with multiple panels and different hand grips obtained with CST Microwave Studio, a 3D electromagnetic field simulation tool. Additionally, this study incorporates aspects such as intra-cell mobility, device rotation, hand grip variability and changing propagation conditions. Results show that hand blockage can significantly degrade beam alignment performance, particularly for dual-hand grips in predominantly line-of-sight (LOS) environments. Finally, results suggest that the current blockage model proposed by 3GPP must be further enhanced to account for blockage on a per-panel basis. This would allow a more accurate portrayal of user hand behaviour, which would support the analysis and design of effective solutions to overcome the user’s unpredictable shadowing effects at mmWave frequencies.
Jumping force measurement of a butterfly during take-off (2016)

We measured the jumping forces of butterflies Idea leuconoe during take-off. We fabricated a force plate that was composed of three MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) force sensors and a flat plate. The three MEMS sensors were placed under the flat plate. The size of the MEMS force sensors was 7 mm×7 mm. The size of the plate was 45 mm in diameter. The resolution of the force plate was 0.20 mN. The results suggested that the maximum jumping force was 1.4 times larger on average than the gravity force. Furthermore, we revealed that the impulse of the jumping force was twice larger than the impulse of the wing aerodynamic force.
A near-field scanning microwave microscope for characterization of inhomogeneous photovoltaics (2012)

We present a near-field scanning microwave microscope (NSMM) that has been configured for imaging photovoltaic samples. Our system incorporates a Pt-Ir tip inserted into an open-ended coaxial cable to form a weakly coupled resonator, allowing the microwave reflection S11 signal to be measured across a sample over a frequency range of 1 GHz – 5 GHz. A phase-tuning circuit increased impedance-measurement sensitivity by allowing for tuning of the S11 minimum down to −78 dBm. A bias-T and preamplifier enabled simultaneous, non-contact measurement of the DC tip-sample current, and a tuning fork feedback system provided simultaneous topographic data. Light-free tuning fork feedback provided characterization of photovoltaic samples both in the dark and under illumination at 405 nm. NSMM measurements were obtained on an inhomogeneous, third-generation Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) sample. The S11 and DC current features were found to spatially broaden around grain boundaries with the sample under illumination. The broadening is attributed to optically generated charge that becomes trapped and changes the local depletion of the grain boundaries, thereby modifying the local capacitance. Imaging provided by the NSMM offers a new RF methodology to resolve and characterize nanoscale electrical features in photovoltaic materials and devices.
Characterization of Bondline Thickness Effects in Adhesive Joints (2002)

Growing application of composite materials in airframe structures tends to make significant use of bonded constructions. Despite the large work that has been done on adhesive characterization over previous years, various certification-related issues arise in these applications. The available test methods for determining the in situ properties of an adhesive joint for use in the design must be clarified for thick bondlines, where there is a lack of readily available data. Results from three test methods indicated a decrease in the apparent shear strength as the bondline thickness was increased. The apparent shear strength given by the test methods investigated was found to be highly dependent on the adherend bending stiffness, which directly effects the peel stress distributions in the adhesive layer. In the adhesive strength comparisons as a function of test method, it was found that the thin-adherend tests gave different comparative results than the thick-adherend tests, which were primarily a function of the high peel stresses in the thin-adherend joints. This combined state of stress does not give a true view of the apparent shear stress of the adhesive, but rather an indication of the adhesive behavior under this type of combined loading. It is recommended that thick adherends be used when comparing different adhesive systems for apparent shear strength, and that thin adherends should be used for qualitative tests only.
Polarizing Agents: Evolution and Outlook in Free Radical Development for DNP (2018)

WOS:000457012900010
Series-Parallel and Parallel Identification Schemes for a Class of Continuous Nonlinear Systems (1977)

This technical brief deals with the identification of a single-input, single-output nonlinear system which is composed of a nonlinear static part and a linear dynamic part. A series-parallel identification algorithm and a parallel identification algorithm are presented; they require the input, output, and the order of the linear dynamic portion of the system. The stability of the algorithms is assured by Popov’s hyperstability theorem. The effectiveness of the identification schemes developed is demonstrated by computer simulation.
van der Waals solid solution crystals for highly efficient in-air photon upconversion under subsolar irradiance (2021)

Triplet-sensitized photon upconversion (UC) has been proposed for broad applications. However, the quest for superior solid materials has been challenged by the poor exciton transport often caused by low crystallinity, a small crystal domain, and aggregation of triplet sensitizers. Here, we demonstrate substantial advantages of the van der Waals solid solution concept to yield molecular crystals with extraordinary performance. A 0.001%-order porphyrin sensitizer is dissolved during recrystallization into the molecular crystals of a blue-fluorescent hydrocarbon annihilator, 9-(2-naphthyl)-10-[4-(1-naphthyl)phenyl]anthracene (ANNP), which contains bulky side groups. This attempt yields millimeter-sized, uniformly colored, transparent solid solution crystals, which resolves the long-standing problem of sensitizer aggregation. After annealing, the crystals exhibit unprecedented UC performance (UC quantum yield reaching 16% out of a maximum of 50% by definition; excitation intensity threshold of 0.175 sun; and high photostability of over 150 000 s) in air, which proves that this concept is highly effective in the quest for superior UC solid materials.
A 65nm-node, Cu interconnect technology using porous SiOCH film (k=2.5) covered with ultra-thin, low-k pore seal (k=2.7) (2004)

A highly reliable, 65 nm-node Cu interconnect technology has been developed with 180 nm/200 nm-pitched lines connected through /spl phi/100 nm-vias. A porous SiOCH film (k=2.5) with sub-nanometer pores is introduced for the inter-metal dielectrics (IMD) on a non-porous, rigid SiOCH film (k=2.9) for the via-infra-line dielectrics (via-ILD). A key breakthrough is a special pore-seal technique, in which the trench-etched surface of the porous SiOCH is covered with an ultra-thin, low-k organic silica film (k=2.7), thus improving the line-to-line TDDB (time dependent dielectric breakdown) reliability of the narrow-pitched Cu lines. The fully-scaled-down, 65 nm-node Cu interconnects with the porous-on-rigid SiOCH hybrid structure achieve excellent performance and reliability.
DNA-Modified Diamond Surfaces (2003)

Preparation and hybridization of DNA-modified polycrystalline diamond substrates with fluorescently labeled complementary and noncomplementary oligonucleotide sequences were investigated. Hydrogen-terminated, free-standing diamond substrates were photochemically modified to produce amine-terminated surfaces. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to characterize the initial attachment of a protected amine and the subsequent deprotection chemistry. Thiol-terminated DNA oligonucleotides were then linked to the amine-terminated diamond surfaces using a heterobifunctional linker. It is shown that hybridization on DNA-modified polycrystalline diamond is specific, with strong binding of perfectly matched 16-mer complements and little or no binding to 16-mers with 4 mismatched nucleotides. A direct comparison of DNA hybridization on DNA-modified diamond and DNA-modified surfaces of crystalline silicon shows that the diamond surfaces exhibit superior chemical stability under the conditions employed to hybridize and denature the DNA-modified surfaces.
Colloidally-Synthesized Nanocrystal LEDs Using Metal Oxide Thin Films (2009)

We present methods for integrating colloidally synthesized nanocrystals (NCs) and metal oxide thin films into functional, air-stable devices. We demonstrate metal oxide and NC light emitting devices and use them to study the mechanisms for electrical excitation of NCs. Article not available.
Chlorite oxidized oxyamylose differentially influences the microstructure of fibrin and self assembling peptide hydrogels as well as dental pulp stem cell behavior (2021)

Tailored hydrogels mimicking the native extracellular environment could help overcome the high variability in outcomes within regenerative endodontics. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the chemokine-binding and antimicrobial polymer, chlorite-oxidized oxyamylose (COAM), on the microstructural properties of fibrin and self-assembling peptide (SAP) hydrogels. A further goal was to assess the influence of the microstructural differences between the hydrogels on the in vitro behavior of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Structural and mechanical characterization of the hydrogels with and without COAM was performed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to characterize their microstructure (roughness and fiber length, diameter, straightness, and alignment) and by nanoindentation to measure their stiffness (elastic modulus). Then, hDPSCs were encapsulated in hydrogels with and without COAM. Cell viability and circularity were determined using confocal microscopy, and proliferation was determined using DNA quantification. Inclusion of COAM did not alter the microstructure of the fibrin hydrogels at the fiber level while affecting the SAP hydrogel microstructure (homogeneity), leading to fiber aggregation. The stiffness of the SAP hydrogels was sevenfold higher than the fibrin hydrogels. The viability and attachment of hDPSCs were significantly higher in fibrin hydrogels than in SAP hydrogels. The DNA content was significantly affected by the hydrogel type and the presence of COAM. The microstructural stability after COAM inclusion and the favorable hDPSCs' response observed in fibrin hydrogels suggest this system as a promising carrier for COAM and application in endodontic regeneration.