gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technology and Design Considerations for a Very-High-Speed Fiber-Optic Data Bus (1983)

The techology for very-high-speed fiber-optic data transmission is reviewed, and an assessment is made of the data rate limitations for a ring bus. Maximum data rates for single-channel transmission are estimated to he in the five-ten Gbit/s range, but bus capacity can be increased to 100 Gbits/s or higher with parallel interconnections or carrier-frequency multiplexing. A recirculating fiber loop is proposed as a buffer between the high data rate bus and terminals which operate at relatively low speeds. A bus terminal design based on this concept is suggested.
Correction to: Osteopontin/secreted phosphoprotein-1 behaves as a molecular brake regulating the neuroinflammatory response to chronic viral infection (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Normalization strategies for cDNA microarrays (2000)

Multiple Arabidopsis thaliana clones from an experimental series of cDNA microarrays are evaluated in order to identify essential sources of noise in the spotting and hybridization process. Theoretical and experimental strategies for an improved quantitative evaluation of cDNA microarrays are proposed and tested on a series of differently diluted control clones. Several sources of noise are identified from the data. Systematic and stochastic fluctuations in the spotting process are reduced by control spots and statistical techniques. The reliability of slide to slide comparison is critically assessed within the statistical framework of pattern matching and classification.
Supplementary Movie S3 from Differential Expression of CD49a and CD49b Determines Localization and Function of Tumor-Infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Movement of cells in anti-CD49a treated tumor slices&lt;/p&gt;
Staged-topologies for directional antenna networks (2006)

Directional antenna store-and-forward networks are optimised for connectivity by cycling the topology through repeated stages. This expands the cost-performance envelope of fixed-topology design. Trade-offs over beam angle, capacity and hop-count (latency) are illustrated.
Platelets function as an acute viral reservoir during HIV-1 infection by harboring virus and T-cell complex formation (2020)

Platelets were recently found to harbor infectious HIV virions in infected individuals who are on antiretroviral treatment with poor CD4+ T-cell recovery. In this study, we screened platelets from recently infected individuals, before and after antiretroviral therapy, for the presence of virus and examined platelet activation, as well as CD4+ T-cell recovery. This was followed by in vitro studies assessing platelet-CD4+ T-cell complex formation as a contributing factor to viral transmission. HIV+ platelets were detected in 10 of 10 acutely infected individuals with no prior history of antiretroviral therapy. The percentage of HIV+ platelets dropped significantly after 3 months of antiretroviral therapy in all of the study participants. These individuals also demonstrated significant recovery of CD4+ T cells. Interestingly, the percentage of HIV+ platelets correlated positively with viral load but not with CD4+ T-cell count. Furthermore, we found that platelet activation with soluble CD40L or thrombin receptor activator peptide 6 (TRAP6) increased platelet-virus interactions in vitro. TRAP6-mediated interactions were reduced by platelet antagonists, aspirin, and R406. We demonstrated that platelets transmit the virus to CD4+ T cells, and this transinfection was abolished by inhibiting platelet-T-cell complex formation via exposure to an anti-CD62P antibody. Additionally, treatment with TRAP6 significantly increased the transinfection, which was also inhibited by aspirin and R206. These results reveal that platelets have the potential to promote HIV viral spread during the acute stage of infection, by harboring infectious virus transmitting infection to susceptible CD4+ T cells through complex formation.
About Supramolecular Assemblies of π‐Conjugated Systems (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Predictive Value of EuroSCORE II in Patients Undergoing Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy (2015)

Background Left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are nowadays a widespread option for the effective treatment of heart failure. We hypothesized that the European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation II (EuroSCORE II) might be a superior tool in clinical decision making compared with other established score systems. Methods In this retrospective, single-center analysis, between 2008 and 2014, 40 consecutive patients were followed for up to 36 months after LVAD (Thoratec HeartMate II) implantation. Postoperative survival was correlated to the Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) levels, Destination Therapy Risk Score (DTRS), HeartMate II Risk Score (HMRS), and EuroSCORE II. Results Overall, a positive outcome (survival, transplantation, or weaning) was reached in 87.5% (30 days), 70% (1 year), and 60% (2 and 3 years) of cases. Patients were categorized as high, medium, and low risk by use of the different scores. Within the created subgroups, the following 1-year positive outcomes were achieved-INTERMACS: high risk 58% versus low risk 68%; EuroSCORE II: high risk 17% versus low risk 89%; DTRS: high risk 44% versus low risk 75%; and HMRS: high risk 60% versus low risk 100%. After 1 year, the EuroSCORE II classification's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was superior (AUC = 0.78) and Fisher exact test revealed a significant predictive value for this classification (p = 0.0037) but not for INTERMACS levels, DTRS, or HMRS classifications. Conclusion These results support the assumption that EuroSCORE II risk classification may be useful to predict survival in LVAD patients. In our observation, it proved to be superior to INTERMACS, DTRS, and HMRS after 1 year.
Zweikernige Fulvalen-Komplexe von drei- und vierwertigem Zirconium (1987)

Die Isomere 2 gehören zu den wenigen eindeutig charakterisierten ZrIII-Alkyl-verbindungen. Sie entstanden dank des Fulvalenklammer-Effekts aus 1 und MeLi. Auch weitere Funktionalisierungen von 1 gelangen, ohne daß Fragmentierung auftrat.
Spectral and Coherence Analysis of EEG during Intermittent Photic Stimulation in Patients with Photosensitive Epilepsy, International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism, (2009)

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess changes in the EEG dynamics preceding the transition to\nthe photo-paroxismal response (PPR) in photosensitive patients\nMethods: Occipital EEG derivations were considered in 10 photosensitive patients and 10 controls,\nboth at rest and during intermittent photic stimulation (IPS) at 14, 3, 5, 10, 20 and 40 Hz. The two EEG\nsignals were analysed by means of an autoregressive (AR) bivariate parametric model, and the\ncorrespondent autospectra and coherence function were qualitatively and quantitatively assessed.\nResults: At rest, the coherence function showed an higher number of peaks in the patients compare\nwith the controls, mostly in the gamma band. Also, during IPS at 14 at 10 Hz, where stimulus was\nmore effective in producing PPR, high frequency iper-synchronization in the patients group was\nenhanced before the appearance of the paroxysmal response. The same did not happen at those\nfrequencies not able to bring about to PPR\nConclusion: Results indicate an increased synchronization, mostly in beta and gamma bands, present\nat those frequencies able to sustain paroxysmal responses.
Polymorphisms, Mutations, and Amplification of the EGFR Gene in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers (2007)

The three polymorphisms associated with increased EGFR protein production (shorter CA-SSR1 length and variant forms of SNPs -216 and -191) were found to be rare in East Asians as compared to other ethnicities, suggesting that the cells of East Asians may make relatively less intrinsic EGFR protein. Interestingly, especially in tumors from patients of East Asian ethnicity, EGFR mutations were found to favor the shorter allele of CA-SSR1, and selective amplification of the shorter allele of CA-SSR1 occurred frequently in tumors harboring a mutation. These distinct molecular events targeting the same allele would both be predicted to result in greater EGFR protein production and/or activity. Our findings may help explain to some of the ethnic differences observed in mutational frequencies and responses to TK inhibitors.
N-salicylidene derivatives of pirarubicin. (1989)

The preparation and biological evaluation of N-salicylidene derivatives of pirarubicin are described. Pirarubicin was treated with various kinds of aryl aldehydes. Most of compounds synthesized here were more active than pirarubicin in vitro. Some of them showed significant prolongation of the survival period in experimental mice by oral administration. Interestingly, a derivative containing forphenicine exhibited the broadest dose-response range by intraperitoneal administration.
ChemInform Abstract: The Mixed Gold‐Palladium Polyoxo‐Noble‐Metalate [NaAuIII4PdII8O8 (AsO4)8]11‐. (2014)

Abstract Na 11 [NaAu 4 Pd 8 O 8 (AsO 4 ) 8 ] ·35H 2 O·6NaOAc is synthesized by first reacting a 1M aq.
Simulations of Black Carbon Over Indian Region: Improvements and Implications of Diurnality in Emissions (2019)

Abstract. With a view to improving the performance of WRF-Chem over the Indian region in simulating BC (black Carbon) mass concentrations as well as its short-term variations, especially on diurnal scale, a region-specific diurnal variation scheme has been introduced in the model emissios and the performance of the modified simulations has been evaluated against high-resolution measurements carried out over 8 ARFI (Aerosol Radiative Forcing over India) network observatories spread across India for distinct seasons; pre-monsoon (represented by May), post-monsoon (represented by October) and winter (represented by December). In addition to an overall improvement in the simulated concentrations and their temporal variations, it has also been found that the effects of prescribing diurnally varying emissions on the simulated near-surface concentrations largely depend on the boundary layer turbulence. The effects are perceived fast (within about 2–3 hours) during the evening–early morning hours when the atmospheric boundary layer is shallow and convective mixing is weak, while they are delayed, taking as much as about 5–6 hours, during periods when the boundary layer is deep and convective mixing is strong. This information would also serve as an important input for agencies concerned with urban planning and pollution mitigation. Despite these improvements in the near-surface concentrations, the simulated columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD) still remains largely underestimated vis-a-vis the satellite retrieved products. These modifications will serve as a guideline for further model-improvement initiatives at regional scale.
Prospective Identification of Resistance Mutants to the JAK2 Inhibitor TG101348. (2007)

Abstract Introduction: Clinical resistance to kinase inhibitors is an emerging theme in targeted, oncology therapies. For example, Gleevec resistance results due to a host of mutations in bcr-abl, the kinase associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), and have necessitated the development of 2nd generation inhibitors dasatinib and notilinib. More recently, mutations in JAK2 kinase have recently been identified as the key molecular drivers for the majority of patients with the chronic MPDs polycythemia vera, essential thrombocythemia and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia. TG101348 is a selective inhibitor of JAK2 kinase and represents a novel therapy for these MPDs. Methods: In order to better understand what mutations may occur in clinic as a result of TG101348 treatment, we used N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-exposed human erythroleukemia (HEL) cells to evaluate resistance mutations to TG101348. In brief, ENU pretreated HEL cells were exposed to 3 uM TG101348, a dose that is 10X the cellular IC50, for 28 days followed by genotyping to determine the incidence and location of kinase domain mutants that arose in resistant cells. Results: Eleven different mutations were identified, with the most prevalent mutations in associated with the ATP binding pocket. In cells bearing these mutations TG101348 did not inhibit STAT5 phosphorylation, cellular proliferation or induced apoptosis at concentrations up to 3 uM, whereas in wildtype HEL cells it did. Consistent with the mutations arising specific for TG101348, JAK2 inhibitors which are derived from chemically distinct series were equally potent on wildtype or TG101348 resistant HEL cells. Conclusions: A series of JAK2 point mutations were identified which generate resistance to the JAK2 inhibitor TG101348 in JAK2V617F-bearing cells. None of these mutations corresponded to any mutations that have been previously reported for MPD patients and therefore the clinical relevance of these mutations is not yet known. While these ENU induced mutations do not yet have clinical correlates, monitoring for their presence in any patients who do not respond to TG101348 in clinical trials may shed light on mechanisms of resistance as they occur.
Tactical Language Detection and Modeling of Learner Speech Errors: The case of Arabic tactical language training for American English speakers (2004)

The Tactical Language Training System (TLTS) is a speech-enabled computer learning environment designed to teach Arabic spoken communication to American English speakers (and is described in a companion paper(Johnson et al, 2004)). This paper elaborates upon the modeling and detection of learner speech errors along multiple levels of linguistic details ranging from segmental to lexico-semantic aspects. Detecting learner errors enables providing tailored pedagogical feedback in TLTS. 1
Validating the Evaluation of Driver’s Lumbar Fatigue State using Posture Measurement and EMG Measurement (2022)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the back posture change and lumbar support position that can reduce driver's seating fatigue by using a muscle potential measurement device and a posture measurement device. We evaluated the back muscle activity and posture measurement in the seated state, and combined them with the results obtained from the posture measurement and driving fatigue evaluations conducted separately for a long period of time. As a result, it was confirmed that the driver's driving fatigue can be reduced by supporting the back position where posture changes occur with a decrease in muscle activity and a large amount of lumbar displacement.
Concentrated solar power on demand demonstration: Construction and operation of a 25 kW prototype (2016)

Currently, the majority of concentrated solar power (CSP) plants built worldwide integrate thermal energy storage (TES) systems which enable dispatchable output and higher global plant efficiencies. TES systems are typically based on two tank molten salt technology which involves inherent drawbacks such as parasitic pumping losses and electric tracing of pipes, risk of solidification and high capital costs. The concept presented in this paper is based on a single tank where the concentrated sunlight is directly focused on the molten salt. Hot and cold volumes of salt (at 565 °C and 280 °C, respectively) are axially separated by an insulated divider plate which helps maintain the thermal gradient. The concept, based on existing technologies, seeks to avoid the listed drawbacks as well as reducing the final cost of the TES system. In order to demonstrate its feasibility, Masdar Institute (MI) and Massachusetts Institute of Technology are developing a 25 kW prototype to be tested in the Masdar Solar Platform beam down facility.
Role of recording geometry in the performance of spectral diversity filters with spherical beam volume holograms (2005)

We present experimental demonstrations of spectral diversity filters with spherical beam volume holograms for multimodal multiplex spectroscopy. Major properties of filters under diffuse-light illumination are discussed. The comparisons of spectral diversity between the transmission geometry holograms and the reflection geometry holograms are also studied. The results show that there is a trade-off between the degree of the spatial coherence of the source and the spectral diversity of the filter. We also conclude that the reflection geometry holograms have better spectral diversity and less sensitivity to the spatial coherence of the source.
Gene expression in breast muscle associated with feed efficiency in a single male broiler line using a chicken 44K microarray. II. Differentially expressed focus genes (2012)

Global RNA expression in breast muscle obtained from a male broiler line phenotyped for high or low feed efficiency (FE) was investigated using microarray analysis. Microarray procedures and validation were reported previously. By using an overlay function of a software program (Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, IPA) in which canonical pathways are projected onto a set of genes, a subset of 27 differentially expressed focus genes were identified. Focus genes that were upregulated in the high FE phenotype were associated with important signal transduction pathways (Jnk, G-coupled, and retinoic acid) or in sensing cell energy status and stimulating energy production that would likely enhance growth and development of muscle tissue. In contrast, focus genes that were upregulated in the low FE muscle phenotype were associated with cytoskeletal architecture (e.g., actin-myosin filaments), fatty acid oxidation, growth factors, or ones that would likely be induced in response to oxidative stress. The results of this study provide additional information on gene expression and the cellular basis of feed efficiency in broilers.
Optimization of the planar microcavity structure in bottom-emitting gallium nitride light-emitting diode (2013)

An optimized microcavity structure is proposed to enhance the emission efficiency of the bottom-emitting gallium nitride (GaN) light emitting diode. This structure contains a SiO 2 layer below the n -GaN layer to enhance transmission through the bottom layer and a SiO 2 /Ag reflector coated on the p -GaN layer to raise the reflection on the upper surface of the GaN layer. The thicknesses of the two SiO 2 layers are optimized to improve the light extraction efficiency and internal quantum efficiency. The 200-nm-thick p -GaN layer signifies high current injection efficiency. The calculations reveal that the TM-polarized intensity in the normal direction from the optimized sample is about eight times stronger than that from the reference sample. Our designation offers the advantages of simplifying the fabricating process and reducing the manufacturing cost.
Plasma Dynamics, Particle Transport, and Internal Activity in the IGNITEX Experiment (1991)

Alpha healing, alpha containment, and alpha stabilization effects are studied in the fusion ignition experiment IGNITEX. The IGNITEX device offers the possibility of producing fusion-ignited plasmas with ohmic heating alone. It is shown here that operating regimes with high probability for ignition and simplicity of operation are possible in IGNITEX. Time-dependent simulations showing the ohmic heating and alpha healing coupling through the discharge are presented. The characteristics for alpha transport with magnetic field perturbations are analyzed in detail using Monte-Carlo techniques. The stability of internal MHD modes and the interaction with alpha particles in the inner confinement region of ignited plasmas is studied. Specifically, the stability of resistive internal kinks, ideal internal kinks, and fishbones is presented. It is shown that a quiescent regime of operation is possible during the ignited phase in IGNITEX. Because of its ample ignition margin, its high alpha containment, and the possibility of operation far from marginal stability and the possibility of ignition operation with quiescent regimes in the inner region of the plasma, it is concluded that the IGNITEX device can produce fusion-ignited plasmas in a simple manner.
Features of the autonomous function of the translational enhancer domain of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (1998)

The RNA of satellite tobacco necrosis virus (STNV) is a monocistronic messenger that lacks both a cap and a poly(A) tail. Translation of STNV RNA in vitro is promoted by a 120-nt translational enhancer domain (TED) in the 3'-untranslated region. TED also stimulates translation of heterologous mRNAs. In this study, we show that TED stimulates translation of a cat mRNA by increasing translation efficiency to the level of capped mRNA. This stimulatory activity is not impaired by translation through TED. TED stimulates translation efficiency from different positions within the mRNA, varying from the 5' end to 940 nt downstream of the coding region. Duplication of TED has an additive effect on translation stimulation only when located at both ends of the mRNA. On dicistronic RNAs, TED stimulates translation of both cistrons to the same extent. These data suggest that TED acts primarily by recruiting the translational machinery to the RNA.
TRIM31 promotes the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma through upregulating AKT phosphorylation and subsequent cellular glycolysis (2023)

The regulation of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation by Tripartite motif-containing protein 31 (TRIM31) is implicated as an essential mechanism in the progression of many malignant tumors. Nevertheless, the function of the TRIM31/AKT pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remains elusive. Here, immunohistochemistry analysis of human OSCC tissue microarrays indicated significantly higher levels of TRIM31 and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in OSCC tumors than in adjacent tissue samples. Also, we detected a positive association between TRIM31 expression and clinical OSCC development. In in vitro studies, TRIM31 knockdown severely impaired OSCC cell growth, invasion, and migration. By contrast, TRIM31 overexpression improved these cell behaviors, while subsequent AKT inhibition abrogated the effect. In vivo tumorigenesis experiments using nude mice also validated the effects of TRIM31/AKT signaling in tumor growth. Furthermore, TRIM31 upregulation facilitated glucose uptake, as well as lactate and adenosine triphosphate production of OSCC cells, while such positive effects on glycolysis and malignant cell phenotypes were reversed by treatment with AKT or glycolysis inhibitors. In conclusion, TRIM31 may improve OSCC progression by enhancing AKT phosphorylation and subsequent glycolysis. Hence, TRIM31 has the potential as a treatment target in OSCC.
Three-Year Results of a Multicenter Prospective Study of Transoral Incisionless Fundoplication (2012)

The clinical outcomes at 3 years following TIF, patient satisfaction, healing of erosive esophagitis, and cessation of PPI medication support long-term safety and durability of the TIF procedure for those with initial treatment success. Although complete normalization of pH studies occurred in a minority of patients, successful cases showed long-term durability.
A low–power 20–Gb/s CMOS 2:1 multiplexer/driver (2002)

A 20-Gb/s multiplexer/driver incorporates current steering circuits and a new capacitive peaking technique. The high-speed driver provides a large swing with minimal intersymbol interference. Fabricated in a 0.15-µm CMOS technology, the circuit exhibits a peak-to-peak jitter of 12 ps at 20 Gb/s. The power dissipation is 60 mW from a 1.5-V supply. Simulations confirm achievable operation at 40 Gb/s.