gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strikingly Extended Morphology of Cells Grown on Carbon Nanotubes (2006)

Abstract The morphology of cells cultured on carbon nanotube (CNTs) scaffolds was investigated using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was shown that the cells extended strikingly in all directions and numerous filopodia extended far from the cells.
Fine mapping of sequential neutralization epitopes on the subunit protein VP8 of human rotavirus (2003)

The epitopes of the HRV (human rotavirus), especially those involved in virus neutralization, have not been determined in their entirety, and would have significant implications for HRV vaccine development. In the present study, we report on the epitope mapping and identification of sequential neutralization epitopes, on the Wa strain HRV subunit protein VP8, using synthetic overlapping peptides. Polyclonal antibodies against recombinant Wa VP8 were produced previously in chicken, and purified from egg yolk, which showed neutralizing activity against HRV in vitro. Overlapping VP8 peptide fragments were synthesized and probed with the anti-VP8 antibodies, revealing five sequential epitopes on VP8. Further analysis suggested that three of the five epitopes detected, M1-L10, I55-D66 and L223-P234, were involved in virus neutralization, indicating that sequential epitopes may also be important for the HRV neutralization. The interactions of the antibodies with the five epitopes were characterized by an examination of the critical amino acids involved in antibody binding. Epitopes comprised primarily of hydrophobic amino acid residues, followed by polar and charged residues. The more critical amino acids appeared to be located near the centre of the epitopes, with proline, isoleucine, serine, glutamine and arginine playing an important role in the binding of antibody to the VP8 epitopes.
[P3–129]: EARLY AND LATE NEUROINFLAMMATORY EVENTS AS ALZHEIMER's DISEASE PATHOLOGY EVOLVES IN DOWN SYNDROME INDIVIDUALS (2017)

Cognitively normal individuals under long term anti-inflammatory treatment have a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's Disease (AD). We have reported, in transgenic rodent models of AD-like pathology, that intraneuronal-Amyloid Beta (Aβ) accumulation unleashes an early disease-aggravating-neuroinflammation (Hanzel et al., 2014, Ferreti et al., 2012); explaining the efficacy of anti-inflammatories at preclinical stages. It is becoming more evident that pre-clinical AD-neuroinflammation can aggravate AD progression. Little is known about the early neuroinflammation in the human-AD pathology. Down syndrome (DS) individuals represent the largest population of genetically-predisposed AD. They gradually accumulate intraneuronal-Aβ pathology (Busciglio et al., 2012, Mori et al., 2002) that further develops into full-blown AD-neuropathology and, in most cases, leading to dementia. Recently, we have reported an upregulation of inflammatory factors in plasma from DS individuals, before clinical AD-manifestation (Iulita et al., 2016). We propose that intraneuronal-Aβ accumulation will unleash an early neuroinflammatory process at preclinical stages of AD in DS. Moreover, given the importance of inflammasome activation in AD-pathogenesis we are studying its activation throughout the lifespan of DS individuals. Expression of pro-inflammatory genes was analyzed via a qPCR array (QIAGEN) in postmortem frozen frontal cortex tissue of DS (3-weeks-9 months-old) and non-DS-infants (22-days- 13-months-old), DS-AD adults (43–63 years-old) and non-DS-AD (44–68 years-old). Individual qPCR was performed in DS-AD. Protein expression was analyzed via ELISA in the conditioned media of DS and non-DS fetal cortical cells. Pro-inflammatory qPCR-array analysis showed an upregulation of IL-1β, IL-33, IL-6, IL-12a, IL12b, MCP-1, TNFSF11, and a downregulation of IFN-β and CARD18 in DS-infants. Inflammasome-related genes: caspases-1 and 5, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP6 were upregulated in DS-infants. DS-AD showed an upregulation of IFN-B and CARD18, IL-6, IL-12, MCP-1; however, the overexpression of inflammatory markers is larger in the DS-infants. MCP-1 and IL-6 protein expression was elevated in the conditioned media of DS-fetal cells as compared to non-DS cell cultures. Our results suggest a differential neuroinflammatory process at early and late stages of AD pathology in DS.
The excitation and emission of terahertz surface plasmon polaritons on metal wire waveguides (2008)

The development of effective techniques for guiding pulsed terahertz radiation is essential for the continued development of terahertz spectroscopy and imaging applications based on the technique of time-domain spectroscopy. Terahertz surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) can be excited and guided on cylindrical metal wires with low loss and dispersion. This propagating surface wave, known as a Sommerfeld wave, possesses radial polarization, which is not well matched with conventional sources of pulsed terahertz radiation. A photoconductive terahertz antenna with radial symmetry produces radiation that more efficiently couples to the wire waveguide. At the end of the wire, terahertz SPPs emit radiation into free-space that exhibits frequency-dependent diffraction.
Arabidopsis late blight: Infection of a nonhost plant by Albugo laibachii enables full colonization by Phytophthora infestans (2015)

Abstract The oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans causes potato late blight, and as a potato and tomato specialist pathogen, is seemingly poorly adapted to infect plants outside the Solanaceae. Here, we report the unexpected finding that P. infestans can infect Arabidopsis thaliana when another oomycete pathogen, Albugo laibachii , has colonized the host plant. The behaviour and speed of P. infestans infection in Arabidopsis pre-infected with A. laibachii resemble P. infestans infection of susceptible potato plants. Transcriptional profiling of P. infestans genes during infection revealed a significant overlap in the sets of secreted-protein genes that are induced in P. infestans upon colonisation of potato and susceptible Arabidopsis, suggesting major similarities in P. infestans gene expression dynamics on the two plant species. Furthermore, we found haustoria of A. laibachii and P. infestans within the same Arabidopsis cells. This Arabidopsis - A. laibachii - P. infestans tripartite interaction opens up various possibilities to dissect the molecular mechanisms of P. infestans infection and the processes occurring in co-infected Arabidopsis cells.
Self-synchronizing properties of CSMA wireless multi-hop networks (2010)

We show that CSMA is able to spontaneously synchronize transmissions in a wireless network with constant-size packets, and that this property can be used to devise efficient synchronized CSMA scheduling mechanisms without message passing. Using tools from queuing theory, we prove that for any connected wireless networks with arbitrary interference constraints, it is possible to implement self-synchronizing TDMA schedules without any explicit message passing or clock synchronization besides transmitting the original data packets, and the interaction can be fully local in that each node decides when to transmit next only by overhearing its neighbors' transmissions. We also provide a necessary and sufficient condition on the emergence of self-synchronization for a given TDMA schedule, and prove that such conditions for self-synchronization can be checked in a finite number of steps for a finite network topology.
Ribonucleoside 3′‐Phosphates as Pro‐Moieties for an Orally Administered Drug (2012)

A matter of timing: Ribonucleoside 3′-phosphates are promising pro-moieties for the timed release of orally available drugs. The pro-moiety enhances the aqueous solubility of a model drug, metronidazole, and masks its activity until release by human pancreatic ribonuclease. The rate of drug release can be tuned by changing the nucleobase.
Cell tower extension through drones (2016)

Internet connectivity on mobile devices is an essential commodity in today's world. While outdoors, most people connect through cellphone towers on 3G or 4G. However, cellphone tower coverage is not uniform and is affected by electromagnetic shadows cast by large structures, multipath, and absorption by various surfaces. Users with high data needs suffer in such locations due to insufficient network bandwidth. A similar insufficiency can also be felt by flash crowds in locations with otherwise moderate signal strength due to division of the available bandwidth.
On the estimation of the K parameter for the Rice fading distribution (2001)

We study the statistical performance of two moment-based estimators for the K parameter of Rice fading distribution, as less complex alternatives to the maximum-likelihood estimator. Our asymptotic analysis reveals that both estimators are nearly asymptotically efficient, and that there is a compromise between the computational simplicity and the statistical efficiency of these two estimators. We also show, by Monte Carlo simulation, that the fading correlation among the envelope samples deteriorates the performance of both estimators. However, the simpler estimator, which employs the second and the fourth moments of the signal envelope, appears to be more suitable for real-world applications.
Prospects for Wafer-Level Testing of Gigascale Chips with Electrical and Optical I/O Interconnects (2006)

Gigascale (GSI) chips with high-bandwidth, integrated optoelectronic (OE) components are an emerging technology. This paper identifies the issues related to testing of such chips during high-volume manufacturing. A probe substrate to enable the same is also demonstrated
A fluid limit for cache algorithms with general request processes (extended abstract) (2009)

We introduce a formal limit, which we refer to as a fluid limit, of scaled stochastic models for a cache managed with the Least-Recently-Used algorithm when requests are issued according to general stochastic point processes, which may be non-stationary. We define our fluid limit as a superposition of dependent replications of the original system with smaller item sizes as the number of replications approaches infinity. We derive the average probability that a requested item is not in a cache (average miss probability) in the fluid limit. The usefulness of the fluid limit is demonstrated in two ways. First, our numerical experiments show that, when items are requested according to inhomogeneous Poisson processes, the average miss probability in the fluid limit closely approximates that in the original system as long as there are sufficient number of items. Second, we show that the asymptotic characteristics of the average miss probability as the cache size approaches infinity are often preserved in the fluid limit. This preservation is attractive since the asymptotic analysis in the fluid limit appears to be simpler than that in the original system. In addition, we show that the average miss probability in the fluid limit is asymptotically insensitive to particular dependencies in the requests when the request rates have a light tail, a property not known for the original system.
Development of Tungsten Heavy Alloy with Hybrid Structure for Kinetic Energy Penetrator (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
6-(2-Pyridyl)-3,5-hexadiyn-1-ol (1995)

The crystal structure of 6-(2-pyridyl)-3,5-hexadiyn-1-ol (PyHxD), C 11 H 9 NO, has been determined by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The backbone diyne chain linking the pyridyl ring and the C(10)-C(11)-O group is linear. A dimer with a centre of symmetry is formed through two O-H...N hydrogen bonds and the crystal structure indicates that solid-state polymerization is inhibited because of these hydrogen bonds.
Unraveling, contributing factors to the severity of postprandial hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery (2022)

Our results suggest that higher insulin exposure in PBH patients with lower postprandial nadir glucose values mainly relate to a higher responsiveness to glucose, rather than GLP-1.
P3‐296: BACE1 is not the rate‐limiting enzyme in Aβ production in the brains of APPswe transgenic mice: Pharmacological characterization of BACE1 using novel brain penetrant inhibitors. (2009)

According to the amyloid hypothesis, increased production or decreased clearance and degradation of Aβ initiates a molecular cascade leading to neurodegeneration. The generation of Aβ requires sequential cleavage of APP by BACE1 and then γ-secretase. In vitro characterization has suggested that BACE1 is the rate-limiting enzyme in the production of Aβ and is, therefore, an attractive target for the development of Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Here we describe the in vitro and in vivo characterization of potent, selective and brain-penetrant small molecule BACE1 inhibitors (BSIs). Initial characterization showed that BSIs potently inhibit β-cleavage of APP-derived peptides in purified enzyme preparations. BSIs blocked the cleavage of peptides derived from both wild-type (APPwt) and Swedish mutant APP (APPswe) with identical potency, despite a 60-fold increase of catalytic efficiency of BACE1 for the APPswe peptide. In cells, BSIs were 5-10 fold less potent at lowering Aβ from APPswe overexpressing cells compared to APPwt. Administration of the BSIs to Tg2576 mice (which overexpress APPswe) resulted in a significant decrease in plasma Aβ (>50%). Surprisingly, however, no brain Aβ lowering was observed, despite high levels of the compounds entering the brain. When the direct BACE1 cleavage product of APP, C99, was measured in brain, the compounds reduced C99 levels by 35%. Moreover, when equivalent doses were given to wild-type mice these compounds lowered brain Aβ40 and Aβ42 by 20-30 %. Finally, we examined the effects of long-term chronic dosing of the BSIs on plaque pathology in APPswe overexpressing mice. Importantly, only three months of dosing of the BSIs, significantly reduced plaque load. These data suggest that in vivo BACE1 is not rate-limiting under conditions of APPswe overexpression and that the highly efficient nature of BACE1 cleavage of APPswe leads to an excess of the γ-secretase substrate, C99. Given that γ-secretase inhibitors can acutely and potently reduce brain Aβ in this animal model, we conclude that the rate-limiting step in Aβ production in these animals is the further processing of C99 by γ-secretase and that only a long-term sustained inhibition of BACE will lead to Aβ reduction in the brains of APPswe transgenic mice.
Multilayered Inorganic Microparticles for Tunable Dual Growth Factor Delivery (2014)

There is an increasing need to control the type, quantity, and timing of growth factors released during tissue healing. Sophisticated delivery systems offering the ability to deliver multiple growth factors with independently tunable kinetics are highly desirable. Here, a multilayered, mineral coated micro-particle (MCMs) platform that can serve as an adaptable dual growth factor delivery system is developed. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are bound to the mineral coatings with high binding efficiencies of up to 80%. BMP-2 is firstly bound onto a 1<sup>st</sup> mineral coating layer; then VEGF is bound onto a 2<sup>nd</sup> mineral coating layer. The release of BMP-2 is sustained over a period of 50 days while the release of VEGF is a typical two-phase release with rapid release in the first 14 days and more sustained release for the following 36 days. Notably, the release behaviors of both growth factors can be independently tailored by changing the intrinsic properties of the mineral coatings. Furthermore, the release of BMP-2 can be tuned by changing the thickness of the 2<sup>nd</sup> layer. This injectable microparticle based delivery platform with tunable growth factor release has immense potential for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
Inhibition of mTOR with sirolimus does not attenuate progression of liver and kidney disease in PCK rats (2010)

Sirolimus failed to attenuate progression of kidney and liver disease in PCK rats. The lack of a protective effect might be due to intrinsic or acquired rapamycin resistance in this animal model of ARPKD.
4‐1: Invited Paper: Technical Cover Glass Designed for Automotive Infotainment Display (2020)

Common cover glass for automotive infotainment system is adopted from the consumer electronics or architectural industries. A new technical cover glass is designed with high retained strength to enable passing HIT (Headform Impact Testing) without breakage and economic 3D shape designs. In addition, it has optics treatments (AR, AG, AR/AG) to improve display readability.
Thermal Design of Humidification– Dehumidification Systems for Affordable Small-Scale Desalination (2012)

Humidification-dehumidification (HDH) technology is a carrier-gas-based thermal desalination technique ideal for application in a small-scale system. However, HDH technology currently has a high cost of water production (about $30/m3 of pure water produced). This article describes changes in thermal design that make HDH systems more affordable (< $5/m3), including development of thermal design algorithms for thermodynamic balancing via mass extractions and injections and design of a bubble column dehumidifier for high-heat and mass-transfer rates in the presence of large amounts of noncondensable gas. Definition of a novel nondimensional parameter known as the modified heat capacity rate ratio has enabled designs that minimize the imbalance in local driving temperature and concentration differences. A new understanding of heat transfer in bubble column heat exchangers has led to low pressure drop designs (< 1 kPa). In addition, the concept of multistaging the uniform temperature column in several temperature steps has led to highly effective designs (about 90 percent).
Mutant HSPB8 causes motor neuron-specific neurite degeneration (2010)

Missense mutations (K141N and K141E) in the alpha-crystallin domain of the small heat shock protein HSPB8 (HSP22) cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy (distal HMN) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2L (CMT2L). The mechanism through which mutant HSPB8 leads to a specific motor neuron disease phenotype is currently unknown. To address this question, we compared the effect of mutant HSPB8 in primary neuronal and glial cell cultures. In motor neurons, expression of both HSPB8 K141N and K141E mutations clearly resulted in neurite degeneration, as manifested by a reduction in number of neurites per cell, as well as in a reduction in average length of the neurites. Furthermore, expression of the K141E (and to a lesser extent, K141N) mutation also induced spheroids in the neurites. We did not detect any signs of apoptosis in motor neurons, showing that mutant HSPB8 resulted in neurite degeneration without inducing neuronal death. While overt in motor neurons, these phenotypes were only very mildly present in sensory neurons and completely absent in cortical neurons. Also glial cells did not show an altered phenotype upon expression of mutant HSPB8. These findings show that despite the ubiquitous presence of HSPB8, only motor neurons appear to be affected by the K141N and K141E mutations which explain the predominant motor neuron phenotype in distal HMN and CMT2L.
The complexity of the interaction between binge-eating and attention (2019)

Binge-eating is not associated with attention deficits as measured by objective neuropsychological tools. Nonetheless, it is associated with attentional difficulties as measured with the self-reported ADHD-RS. AN-B/P patients are the only ED category showing objective sustained attention deficits.
WATER-SOLUBLE CHITOSAN SENSITIZES APOPTOSIS IN HUMAN LEUKEMIA CELLS VIA THE DOWNREGULATION OF BCL-2 AND DEPHOSPHORYLATION OF AKT (2012)

ABSTRACT Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has been reported to possess biologically beneficial properties, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and immune-enhancing effects. However, the precise molecular mechanism of the anticancer activity of chitosan is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated whether water-soluble chitosan (WSC) has pro-apoptotic activity on the human leukemia cells (U937, K562, HL60 and THP-1). Our results showed that treatment with WSC for 24 h inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in leukemic cells via the mitochondria-dependent pathway. This effect was accompanied by a marked increase in caspase activation and the cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. In addition, WSC decreased Bcl-2 expression in all leukemic cells and reversed the ectopic expression of Bcl-2 in U937 cells. WSC also suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. Taken together, these data suggest that WSC inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in leukemia cells through the suppression of Bcl-2- and the Akt-dependent signaling pathways. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide obtained from deacetylated chitin. Usage of this compound is significantly increasing because of its immunomodulating, anticancerous, antibacterial and antiviral activity. However, application of chitosan is limited because chitosan is a weak base and is insoluble in water and organic solvent. Water-soluble chitosan (WSC) is allowed to be used for more convenient administration and might provide new strategy to prevent cancer growth. These attempts give possibilities for the applications of WSC in economic markets.
Realization of a radiation temperature scale from 0 °C to 232 °C by a thermal infrared thermometer based on a multiple-fixed-point technique (2013)

The radiation temperature scale for a pyroelectric detector based thermal infrared thermometer with its spectral response from 8 µm to 14 µm was realized in the temperature range from 0 °C to 232 °C by using four fixed-point blackbodies (ice, Ga, In and Sn). The Planck version of the Sakuma–Hattori equation was used to interpolate the scale between the fixed-point temperatures that are corrected by considering a size-of-source effect (SSE). The expanded uncertainties (k = 2) of the scale were estimated to be 108 mK for ice, 99 mK for Ga, 175 mK for In and 234 mK for Sn.