gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concentration of odorant compounds through interaction with the biological receptor lysine (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConcentration of odorant compounds through interaction with the biological receptor lysineY. Zhou, A. J. Illies, and S. D. WorleyCite this: Langmuir 1993, 9, 6, 1483–1485Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00030a010https://doi.org/10.1021/la00030a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Systematic Study of Oxygen Vacancy Tunable Transport Properties of Few‐Layer MoO3−x Enabled by Vapor‐Based Synthesis (2017)

Bulk and nanoscale molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) has shown impressive technologically relevant properties, but deeper investigation into 2D MoO 3 has been prevented by the lack of reliable vapor‐based synthesis and doping techniques. Herein, the successful synthesis of high‐quality, few‐layer MoO 3 down to bilayer thickness via physical vapor deposition is reported. The electronic structure of MoO 3 can be strongly modified by introducing oxygen substoichiometry (MoO 3− x ), which introduces gap states and increases conductivity. A dose‐controlled electron irradiation technique to introduce oxygen vacancies into the few‐layer MoO 3 structure is presented, thereby adding n‐type doping. By combining in situ transport with core‐loss and monochromated low‐loss scanning transmission electron microscopy–electron energy‐loss spectroscopy studies, a detailed structure–property relationship is developed between Mo‐oxidation state and resistance. Transport properties are reported for MoO 3− x down to three layers thick, the most 2D‐like MoO 3− x transport hitherto reported. Combining these results with density functional theory calculations, a radiolysis‐based mechanism for the irradiation‐induced oxygen vacancy introduction is developed, including insights into favorable configurations of oxygen defects. These systematic studies represent an important step forward in bringing few‐layer MoO 3 and MoO 3− x into the 2D family, as well as highlight the promise of MoO 3− x as a functional, tunable electronic material.
Modification of electrical and piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanorods based on arsenic incorporation via low temperature spin-on-dopant method (2015)

We report on the control of the electrical and the piezoelectric properties of ZnO nanorods (NRs) by incorporation of arsenic (As) elements via a low-temperature processed spin-on-dopant (SOD) method. The structural investigations for the SOD-treated ZnO NRs at different temperatures show a negligible change in morphology at temperatures up to 550 °C and melting of the ZnO NRs at 600 °C. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectra show gradual development of acceptor-related emission peaks with increasing SOD treatment temperature from 450 to 550 °C, which indicates the successful incorporation of As atoms into the ZnO NRs. An As Zn -2V Zn shallow acceptor model is suggested by considering the formation energy of the interstitial point-defect complex for the modification of the electrical properties of ZnO NRs. A ZnO NR/n-Si heterojunction showed better rectifying behavior with increasing SOD treatment temperature, indicating better incorporation of As-dopants at higher SOD treatment temperatures. A piezoelectric nanogenerator was fabricated as a device application of the electrical-property-modified ZnO NRs. The nanogenerator showed enhanced piezoelectric output potential after doping due to the elimination of the screening effect by free charge carriers in the ZnO NRs.
Main-Chain Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Oligomers by Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization1 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTMain-Chain Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Oligomers by Acyclic Diene Metathesis Polymerization1David M. Walba, Patrick Keller, Renfan Shao, Noel A. Clark, Marc Hillmyer, and Robert H. GrubbsView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Optoelectronic Computing Systems Center University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 11, 2740–2741Publication Date (Web):March 20, 1996Publication History Received8 November 1995Published online20 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja953779zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja953779zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views597Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Materials,Nonlinear optics,Oligomers,Polarization,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Onboard unidirectional automotive G2V battery charger using sine charging and its effect on li-ion batteries (2015)

On-board battery chargers are used in electric and plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (EV/PHEV) for charging the battery from the utility power grid. Various cost-effective topologies with reduced mass are now being proposed for the on-board charger to charge the Li-ion batteries used these vehicles. This paper proposes two unidirectional battery charger topologies with a novel single stage control that provide rectified sinusoidal charging currents to the battery, thus eliminating the need for the bulky dc bus electrolytic capacitor of conventional systems. The advantages of eliminating the electrolytic capacitors include reduced size, mass and cost of the charger and improved reliability. Simulations of the voltage and current waveforms during normal operation are presented. An accelerated cycle charge/discharge testing of the battery cells with low frequency current ripple was conducted to determine the impact of the low frequency 120 Hz ripple on the Li-ion battery capacity and life. The test results are encouraging and show negligible impact of sine charging on Li-ion battery performance.
Localization of the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein regions involved in binding to the A2 domain of coagulation factor VIII (2007)

Catabolism of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP). The ligand-binding sites of LRP are formed by complement-type repeats (CR), and CR clusters II and IV bind most of LRP ligands. FVIII contains two major LRP-binding sites located in the A2 and A3 domains. This study was aimed to identify specific complement-type repeats of LRP involved in interaction with the A2 site and to probe their functional importance in A2 catabolism. We generated individual LRP clusters II, III and IV, along with nine overlapping CR triplets encompassing clusters II and IV in a baculovirus expression system and studied their interaction with isolated A2. In surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay, A2 bound to clusters II and IV with KDs 22 and 39 nM, respectively, and to the majority of CR triplets with affinities in the range of KDs 25-90 nM. Similar affinities were determined for A2 interaction with a panel of CR doublets overlapping cluster II (CR 3-4, 4-5, 5-6, 6-7 and 7-8). These LRP fragments inhibited the binding of 125I-A2 to LRP in solid-phase assay, LRP-mediated internalization of 125I-A2 in cell culture and 125I-A2 clearance from the mouse circulation. Point mutations of critical A2 residues of the LRPbinding site resulted in differential reduction or abolishment of its binding to LRP fragments. We conclude that A2 interacts with LRP via multiple binding sites spanning CR 3-8 in cluster II and CR 23-29 in cluster IV, and the minimal A2-binding unit of LRP is formed by two adjacent CR.
Cyclic MrIA:  A Stable and Potent Cyclic Conotoxin with a Novel Topological Fold that Targets the Norepinephrine Transporter (2006)

Conotoxins, disulfide-rich peptides from the venom of cone snails, have created much excitement over recent years due to their potency and specificity for ion channels and their therapeutic potential. One recently identified conotoxin, MrIA, a 13-residue member of the chi-conotoxin family, inhibits the human norepinephrine transporter (NET) and has potential applications in the treatment of pain. In the current study, we show that the beta-hairpin structure of native MrIA is retained in a synthetic cyclic version, as is biological activity at the NET. Furthermore, the cyclic version has increased resistance to trypsin digestion relative to the native peptide, an intriguing result because the cleavage site for the trypsin is not close to the cyclization site. The use of peptides as drugs is generally hampered by susceptibility to proteolysis, and so, the increase in enzymatic stability against trypsin observed in the current study may be useful in improving the therapeutic potential of MrIA. Furthermore, the structure reported here for cyclic MrIA represents a new topology among a growing number of circular disulfide-rich peptides.
Infraorbital nerve: a surgically relevant landmark for the pterygopalatine fossa, cavernous sinus, and anterolateral skull base in endoscopic transmaxillary approaches (2016)

OBJECTIVE Endoscopic transmaxillary approaches (ETMAs) address pathology of the anterolateral skull base, including the cavernous sinus, pterygopalatine fossa, and infratemporal fossa. This anatomically complex region contains branches of the trigeminal nerve and external carotid artery and is in proximity to the internal carotid artery. The authors postulated, on the basis of intraoperative observations, that the infraorbital nerve (ION) is a useful surgical landmark for navigating this region; therefore, they studied the anatomy of the ION and its relationships to critical neurovascular structures and the maxillary nerve (V2) encountered in ETMAs. METHODS Endoscopic anatomical dissections were performed bilaterally in 5 silicone-injected, formalin-fixed cadaveric heads (10 sides). Endonasal transmaxillary and direct transmaxillary (Caldwell-Luc) approaches were performed, and anatomical correlations were analyzed and documented. Stereotactic imaging of each specimen was performed to correlate landmarks and enable precise measurement of each segment. RESULTS The ION was readily identified in the roof of the maxillary sinus at the beginning of the surgical procedure in all specimens. Anatomical dissections of the ION and the maxillary branch of the trigeminal nerve (V2) to the cavernous sinus suggested that the ION/V2 complex has 4 distinct segments that may have implications in endoscopic approaches: 1) Segment I, the cutaneous segment of the ION and its terminal branches (5-11 branches) to the face, distal to the infraorbital foramen; 2) Segment II, the orbitomaxillary segment of the ION within the infraorbital canal from the infraorbital foramen along the infraorbital groove (length 12 ± 3.2 mm); 3) Segment III, the pterygopalatine segment within the pterygopalatine fossa, which starts at the infraorbital groove to the foramen rotundum (13 ± 2.5 mm); and 4) Segment IV, the cavernous segment from the foramen rotundum to the trigeminal ganglion (15 ± 4.1 mm), which passes in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus. The relationship of the ION/V2 complex to the contents of the cavernous sinus, carotid artery, and pterygopalatine fossa is described in the text. CONCLUSIONS The ION/V2 complex is an easily identifiable and potentially useful surgical landmark to the foramen rotundum, cavernous sinus, carotid artery, pterygopalatine fossa, and anterolateral skull base during ETMAs.
A large scale study of text-messaging use (2010)

Text messaging has become a popular form of communication with mobile phones worldwide. We present findings from a large scale text messaging study of 70 university students in the United States. We collected almost 60, 000 text messages over a period of 4 months using a custom logging tool on our participants' phones. Our re- sults suggest that students communicate with a large number of contacts for extended periods of time, engage in simultaneous conversations with as many as 9 contacts, and often use text messaging as a method to switch between a variety of communication mediums. We also explore the content of text messages, and ways text message habits have changed over the last decade as it has become more popular. Finally, we offer design suggestions for future mobile communication tools.
Estimation of mode conversion and crosstalk impact from a single-ended aggressor to a differential victim using statistical BER analysis (2014)

Increase in the cost of printed circuit board (PCB) with the increase in layer count has led to the design of PCB stack-ups that have broadside coupled signals. The coupling that occurs between the single-ended signal trace coupled to a differential signal traces at various angles and at multiple instances creates a imbalance in the differential signal line thereby generating common-mode signal at the victim receiver. The periodic routing of single-ended trace also generate Floquet modes where the near end crosstalk (NEXT) peaks impacting the signal at the victim receiver. In this paper, various design parameters that impact the eye opening such as number of coupled sections (which dictates the periodicity), horizontal spacing of victim and aggressor, and signaling speeds are included. Different styles of routing of single-ended trace are studied to quantify the impact of differential-common mode conversion and NEXT at the receiver using statistical bit error rate (BER) analysis. Guidelines for best routing practices are developed for the designer to maintain signal integrity.
Transient electroluminescence from hole transporting emitting layer in nanosecond region (1993)

Transient electroluminescence (EL) for an organic thin film cell with a hole transporting emitting layer was observed by short voltage pulse measurements. For the cell with indium tin oxide/hole transporting emitting layer/Mg:Ag structure, we realized very fast response at a time about 20 ns. This response time has been the fastest in organic EL ever reported. In these measurements, we could observe carrier transit time. We found that this carrier transit time was attributed to that of holes in the emitting layer. The hole mobility in 120-nm-thick emitting layer was obtained to be 1±0.3×10−3 cm2/V s in the electric field region from 1 to 3 MV/cm. Furthermore, we could observe the fast EL decay component with a time constant of 3.0±1.5 ns, which was essentially attributed to the decay of singlet excited states.
Abstract 1870: A Novel Method of Spatially-Dense 3D Speckle Tracking on 4D Echocardiography for Strain Analysis: with Validation by Sonomicrometry (2007)

Background: We have developed a method for spatially-dense 3D speckle tracking that tracks speckle features in myocardium to allow calculation of full 3D displacement and strain from 4D full-volume echo images and have tested its accuracy compared to sonomicrometry in open-chest pigs. Methods: The 4D images were acquired using a Philips iE33 on 6 open-chest piglets. An array of 6 sonomicrometers (sono crystals) was implanted as 2 triangular sets at apex and mid-levels in the LV myocardium. The pair-wise crystal distances were computed offline using Sonometrics® software to yield 3D displacements. For 4D computation of speckle based mechanics, Cartesian coordinate images were entered into an envelope detection program, then a volume-based non-rigid registration was used to obtain optimal displacement between end diastolic (ED) and end systolic (ES) volumes. The displacement field was modeled using B-splines, parameterized by the location of a set of control points. Optimal locations of the control points were obtained by minimizing the sum of squared intensity differences between the ED and ES volumes. Sono crystals were located based on anatomic markers in the ED volume before the adjacent speckle patches were tracked, to ensure that image-derived strains were computed for segments matching the distances between sono crystal pairs. The method was implemented in MATLAB. Results: The comparison of the systolic strains from dense 4D speckle tracking showed a strong correlation (r 2 = 0.82) with sonomicrometry for 44 segmental strains. Conclusions: These studies show that the method we have developed can accurately compute 3D displacement and segmented LV strain from 4D data.
Patchy distribution of mucosal lesions in ileal Crohnʼs disease is not linked to differences in the dominant mucosa-associated bacteria (2006)

The dominant MAB do not differ between noninflamed and inflamed ileal mucosa in Crohn's disease. This argues against a localized dysbiosis to explain the patchy distribution of mucosal lesions.
Laser-generated broadband antireflection structures for freeform silicon lenses at terahertz frequencies (2014)

We present a flexible technology to generate broadband antireflection (AR) structures for the terahertz (THz) frequency range on planar and curved surfaces of silicon optics. Ultrashort laser pulses are used to ablate the surface to form a pattern of conical pillars with a period of 30 μm. These subwavelength structures act as an effective medium with gradual transition of the refractive index from air to silicon, which reduces the Fresnel reflection losses. The characterization with the THz time-domain spectroscopy system shows an AR effect for a frequency range of 0.1-1.5 THz with a maximum enhancement of the spectral amplitude by ca. 32% at 0.4 THz for planar surfaces. In addition, we demonstrate laser-generated AR structures on convex silicon lenses of both photoconductive emitter and detector devices. Here, the THz pulse amplitude can be increased by about 28%, and single frequencies even show an improvement of the spectral amplitude up to 58%.
Bodyless Block Propagation: TPS Fully Scalable Blockchain with Pre-Validation (2022)

Despite numerous prior attempts to boost transaction per second (TPS) of blockchain systems, many sacrifice decentralization and security. This paper proposes a bodyless block propagation (BBP) scheme for which the blockbody is not validated and transmitted during block propagation, to increase TPS without compromising security. Nodes in the blockchain network anticipate the transactions and their ordering in the next upcoming block so that these transactions can be pre-executed and pre-validated before the block is born. For a network with $N$ nodes, our theoretical analysis reveals that BBP can improve TPS scalability from $O(1/log(N))$ to $O(1)$. Ensuring consensus on the next block's transaction content is crucial. We propose a transaction selection, ordering, and synchronization algorithm to drive this consensus. To address the undetermined Coinbase address issue, we further present an algorithm for such unresolvable transactions, ensuring a consistent and TPS-efficient scheme. With BBP, most transactions require neither validation nor transmission during block propagation, liberating system from transaction-block dependencies and rendering TPS scalable. Both theoretical analysis and experiments underscore BBP's potential for full TPS scalability. Experimental results reveal a 4x reduction in block propagation time compared to Ethereum blockchain, with TPS performance being limited by node hardware rather than block propagation.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Intramolecular (4 + 2) Diene‐Allene Cycloadditions: A Convenient Synthesis of Angularly Substituted Ring Systems with Provision for Catalyst‐Controlled Chemo‐ and Stereocomplementarity. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supercontinuum Generation near 2 μm in Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate Waveguides (2011)

We demonstrate spectral broadening and self-frequency-shift around 2-µm wavelengths in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides, in agreement with simulations. We show numerically that octave-spanning spectra can be achieved with 6 nJ of pulse energy.
PubLayNet: Largest Dataset Ever for Document Layout Analysis (2019)

Recognizing the layout of unstructured digital documents is an important step when parsing the documents into structured machine-readable format for downstream applications. Deep neural networks that are developed for computer vision have been proven to be an effective method to analyze layout of document images. However, document layout datasets that are currently publicly available are several magnitudes smaller than established computing vision datasets. Models have to be trained by transfer learning from a base model that is pre-trained on a traditional computer vision dataset. In this paper, we develop the PubLayNet dataset for document layout analysis by automatically matching the XML representations and the content of over 1 million PDF articles that are publicly available on PubMed Central. The size of the dataset is comparable to established computer vision datasets, containing over 360 thousand document images, where typical document layout elements are annotated. The experiments demonstrate that deep neural networks trained on PubLayNet accurately recognize the layout of scientific articles. The pre-trained models are also a more effective base mode for transfer learning on a different document domain. We release the dataset (https://github.com/ibm-aur-nlp/PubLayNet) to support development and evaluation of more advanced models for document layout analysis.