gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutual Synchronization of Spin-Torque Nano-Oscillators Via Oersted Magnetic Fields Created by Waveguides (2019)

More and more attention is turned to using particular physical systems for innovative computational schemes. For example, an array of synchronized oscillators can be used to solve unconventional, computationally hard problems. Here the authors demonstrate synchronization of spin-transfer-torque nano-oscillators via long-range Oersted magnetic field coupling. This coupling scheme presents the advantage of engineering asymmetric coupling between any two oscillators, which would mimic different biological neural networks. Also, the phase as well as the strength of the coupling can be varied, allowing access to the nonlinear dynamical regime.
Prolonged Exclusive Breast‐Feeding Results in Low Serum Concentrations of Immunoglobulin G, A and M (1987)

Serum levels of IgG, IgA and IgM were measured in 198 infants at ages 2, 4, 6, 9 and 12 months. By age 9 months 30 infants were still exclusively breast-fed; their IgG and IgM levels were significantly lower than those of infants weaned early to formula (before age 3.5 months). By 12 months 6 infants were still exclusively breast-fed; their IgA levels were by then also similarly lower. There was no significant difference in the number of infections experienced by these groups of infants. After 2 months on formula feeding, the IgG and IgM levels of the infants who were exclusively breast-fed for 9 months had caught up with the levels of the infants weaned early to formula. Only at 12 months of age prealbumin levels of the exclusively breast-fed infants showed a positive correlation to IgG and IgA levels; no correlation was found between immunoglobulin levels and levels of serum iron and zinc.
Traffic demand-aware topology control for enhanced energy-efficiency of cellular networks (2016)

The service provided by current mobile networks is not adapted to spatio-temporal fluctuations in traffic demand, but such fluctuations offer opportunities for energy savings. In particular, significant gains in energy efficiency are realizable by disengaging temporarily redundant hardware components of base stations. We therefore propose a novel optimization framework that considers both the load-dependent energy radiated by the antennas and the remaining forms of energy needed for operating the base stations. The objective is to reduce the energy consumption of mobile networks, while ensuring that the data rate requirements of the users are met throughout the coverage area. Building upon sparse optimization techniques, we develop a majorization-minimization algorithm with the ability to identify energy-efficient network configurations. The iterative algorithm is load-aware, has low computational complexity, and can be implemented in an online fashion to exploit load fluctuations on a short time scale. Simulations show that the algorithm can find network configurations with the energy consumption similar to that obtained with global optimization tools, which cannot be applied to real large networks. Although we consider only one currently deployed cellular technology, the optimization framework is general, potentially applicable to a large class of access technologies.
An Integrated Approach to Power Electronics Systems (2003)

Today's power electronics systems are typically manufactured using non-standard parts, resulting in labor-intensive manufacturing processes, increased cost and poor reliability. As a possible way to overcome these problems, this paper discusses an integrated approach to design and manufacture power electronics systems to improve performance, reliability and cost effectiveness. Addressed in the paper are the technologies being developed for integration of both power supplies and motor drives. These technologies include the planar metalization to eliminate bonding wires, the integration of power passives, the integration of current sensors, the development of power devices to facilitate integration as well as to improve performance, and the integration of necessary CAD tools to address the multidisciplinary aspects of integrated systems. The development of Integrated Power Electronics Modules (IPEMs) is demonstrated for two applications: (1) 1 kW asymmetrical half-bridge DC-DC converter and (2) 1-3 kW motor drive for heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). Electrical and thermal design tradeoffs of IPEMs and related enabling technologies are described in the paper.
Treatment of Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetic Patients With DiaPep277: Results of a Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Phase 3 Trial. Diabetes Care 2014;37:1392–1400. DOI: 10.2337/dc13-1391 (2014)

On behalf of the authors identified below, the corresponding author has formally requested to retract the above-cited article. An accompanying article (1) has also been retracted.

The article reports on the DIA-AID 1 trial, which examined the safety and efficacy of DiaPep277 to treat type 1 diabetes. The DIA-AID 1 trial, as noted in the Duality of Interest section, was funded by Andromeda Biotech, Ltd.

On 8 September 2014, Hyperion Therapeutics, Inc., which acquired Andromeda Biotech in June 2014, announced that it had chosen to terminate the DiaPep277 program. As stated in the press release …
Quantum phase transitions in long-range interacting hyperuniform spin chains in a transverse field (2021)

Hyperuniform states of matter are characterized by anomalous suppression of long-wavelength density fluctuations. While most of the interesting cases of disordered hyperuniformity are provided by complex many-body systems such as liquids or amorphous solids, classical spin chains with certain long-range interactions have been shown to demonstrate the same phenomenon. Such spin-chain systems are ideal models for exploring the effects of quantum mechanics on hyperuniformity. It is well-known that the transverse field Ising model shows a quantum phase transition (QPT) at zero temperature. Under the quantum effects of a transverse magnetic field, classical hyperuniform spin chains are expected to lose their hyperuniformity. High-precision simulations of these cases are complicated because of the presence of highly nontrivial long-range interactions. We perform an extensive analysis of these systems using density matrix renormalization group simulations to study the possibilities of phase transitions and the mechanism by which they lose hyperuniformity. Even for a spin chain of length 30, we see discontinuous changes in properties like the ``$\ensuremath{\tau}$ order metric'' of the ground state, the measure of hyperuniformity, and the second cumulant of the total magnetization along the $x$-direction, all suggestive of first-order QPTs. An interesting feature of the phase transitions in these disordered hyperuniform spin chains is that, depending on the parameter values, the presence of a transverse magnetic field may lead remarkably to an increase in the order of the ground state as measured by the ``$\ensuremath{\tau}$ order metric,'' even if hyperuniformity is lost. Therefore, it would be possible to design materials to target specific novel quantum behaviors in the presence of a transverse magnetic field. Our numerical investigations suggest that these spin chains can show no more than two QPTs. We further analyze the long-range interacting spin chains via the Jordan-Wigner mapping onto a system of spinless fermions, showing that under the pairwise-interaction approximation and a mean-field treatment, there can be at most two quantum phase transitions. Based on these numerical and theoretical explorations, we conjecture that for spin chains with long-range pair interactions that have convergent cosine transforms, there can be a maximum of two quantum phase transitions at zero temperature.
Reaction of diethyl acetonedicarboxylate with nitrosyl chloride (1978)

Abstract The reaction of diethyl acetonedicarboxylate with greater than two equivalents of nitrosyl chloride or the reaction of diethyl isonitrosoacetonedicarboxylate with one equivalent of nitrosyl chloride gave diethyl 4‐hydroxyisoxazole‐3,5‐dicarboxylate in quantitative yield. Mechanistic possibilities are discussed.
Two Cycles of Doxorubicin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine Plus Extended-Field Radiotherapy Is Superior to Radiotherapy Alone in Early Favorable Hodgkin's Lymphoma: Final Results of the GHSG HD7 Trial (2007)

CMT consisting of two cycles of ABVD plus EF-RT is more effective than EF-RT alone.
Performance evaluation of the Data Vortex photonic switch (2007)

The data vortex photonic packet-switching architecture features an all-optical transparent data path, highly distributed control, low latency, and a high degree of scalability. These characteristics make it attractive as a routing fabric in future photonic packet switches. We analyze the performance of the data vortex architecture as a function of its height and angle dimensions, H and A. The investigation is based on two performance measures: the average delay and the maximum throughput of the switch. We present an analytical model assuming uniform traffic and derive closed-form expressions for these measures. Our results obtained demonstrate that as H increases, the saturation throughput decreases and approaches <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> / <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sub> = 0.22 when A is small and H is large. Furthermore, for fixed switch size, the saturation throughput is maximized when A is minimal. We also present simulation results for the maximum throughput under uniform and nonuniform traffic, as well as for the mean number of hops and the mean input-queue packet delay as a function of input load, and address the issue of resequencing delay. The results obtained advocate that to support more ports, it is preferable to increase the height dimension and to keep the angle dimension as small as possible.
An evaluation of Tostan’s reinforcement of parental education program (2021)

The Registry for International Development Impact Evaluations (RIDIE), is a project of the International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie). RIDIE is a registry of impact evaluations related to development in low and middle income countries. The purpose of the registry is to enhance the transparency and quality of evaluation research as well as to provide a repository of impact evaluation studies for researchers, funders, and others.
The crystal structure of anionic salmon trypsin in complex with bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (1998)

The complex formed between anionic salmon trypsin (ST) and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) has been crystallised, and the X-ray structure has been solved using the molecular replacement method. The crystals are hexagonal and belong to space group P6(1)22 with lattice parameters of a = b = 83.12 A and c = 222.15 A. Data have been collected to 2.1 A and the structure has been refined to a crystallographic R-factor of 20.6%. Catalysis by salmon trypsin is distinguished by a Km value 20-fold lower than that for mammalian trypsins, and a k(cat) twice as high. The present ST-BPTI complex serves as a model for the Michaelis-Menten complex, and has been compared with corresponding bovine and rat trypsin (RT) complexes. The binding of BPTI to salmon trypsin is characterised by stronger primary interactions in the active site, and a somewhat looser secondary binding.
Postsynthetic modification of coordination networks (2012)

A graphical abstract is available for this content
CD1d-restricted peripheral T cell lymphoma in mice and humans (2016)

Peripheral T cell lymphomas (PTCLs) are a heterogeneous entity of neoplasms with poor prognosis, lack of effective therapies, and a largely unknown pathophysiology. Identifying the mechanism of lymphomagenesis and cell-of-origin from which PTCLs arise is crucial for the development of efficient treatment strategies. In addition to the well-described thymic lymphomas, we found that p53-deficient mice also developed mature PTCLs that did not originate from conventional T cells but from CD1d-restricted NKT cells. PTCLs showed phenotypic features of activated NKT cells, such as PD-1 up-regulation and loss of NK1.1 expression. Injections of heat-killed Streptococcus pneumonia, known to express glycolipid antigens activating NKT cells, increased the incidence of these PTCLs, whereas Escherichia coli injection did not. Gene expression profile analyses indicated a significant down-regulation of genes in the TCR signaling pathway in PTCL, a common feature of chronically activated T cells. Targeting TCR signaling pathway in lymphoma cells, either with cyclosporine A or anti-CD1d blocking antibody, prolonged mice survival. Importantly, we identified human CD1d-restricted lymphoma cells within Vδ1 TCR-expressing PTCL. These results define a new subtype of PTCL and pave the way for the development of blocking anti-CD1d antibody for therapeutic purposes in humans.
Oligosaccharides from Agar Inhibit Pro-Inflammatory Mediator Release by Inducing Heme Oxygenase 1 (2010)

We investigated whether agaro-oligosaccharides have any immunological effects on RAW264.7 mouse macrophages and human monocytes in vitro. We demonstrate that agaro-oligosaccharides suppressed the elevated levels of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E(2), and such pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta and interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated monocytes and macrophages. We also demonstrate that those effects of agaro-oligosaccharides on activated monocytes and macrophages may have been caused by heme oxygenase-1 induction. It is therefore proposed that agaro-oligosaccharides might be a good candidate for a functional food to prevent inflammatory diseases.
Non-linéarité des fonctions booléennes : applications de la théorie des fonctions booléennes et des codes en cryptographie (2007)

This thesis mainly focuses on coding theory and boolean functions which are connected with cryptography. Two research's trends are followed: the first part is dedicated to the nonlinearity of boolean functions whereas the second one shows cryptographic applications of objects coming from these theory. Interested in Patterson and Wiedemann's conjecture, we propose to generalize their construction based on union of orbits under the action of a group from which the determination of the minimum spectral magnitude reduces to two sub-problems that we intensely study: the evaluation of Gauss sums and the estimation of some partial exponential sums. Several conditions and ideas which may help to confirm the conjecture are thus detailed. This work allows us to construct functions with a nonlinearity greater than the asymptotic mean. Moreover, thanks to this technique, we obtain an example of a quadratic spread which is highly nonlinear and close to the Patterson and Wiedemann bound in IS variables. In the second part, we first turn our attention to the field of lightweight cryptographic protocols. Boolean functions with specific resistance to differential cryptanalysis are introduced in the HB+ protocol to strengthen it against man-in-the-middle attacks. Starting from a second protocol using the idea of background noise, we exploit the link with the wiretap channel theory of Wyncr to show how to increase the security. At last we deal with authentication of noisy data and secure sketches in which a modification of the McEliece's cryptosystem is explained in order to restrict the access to checking functions.
A Reverse Auction for Toxic Assets (2010)

The proposed 2008 TARP auction was intended to facilitate rapid purchases by the U.S. department of Treasury of a wide array of mortgage-backed securities in order to remove these "toxic assets" from the portfolios of financially stressed banks. The Treasury had selected a Reference Price design whereby bids to sell different securities would be normalized or "scored" by reference prices that reflect estimates of relative values. Although the auction was suspended just prior to the 2008 Presidential election, we continued with a series of laboratory experiments aimed at evaluating the performance of Reference Price auctions relative to several benchmark conditions. The experimental results indicate that a simple Reference Price auction can be an effective mechanism for avoiding serious effects of adverse selection and strategic bid manipulation, even when reference prices are not set accurately. An econometric analysis of bidding patterns and auction outcomes reveals how underlying behavior produces efficiency differences in this common-value framework.
Relationship between Hypotension and Cerebral Ischemia during Hemodialysis (2017)

The relationship between BP and downstream ischemia during hemodialysis has not been characterized. We studied the dynamic relationship between BP, real-time symptoms, and cerebral oxygenation during hemodialysis, using continuous BP and cerebral oxygenation measurements prospectively gathered from 635 real-world hemodialysis sessions in 58 prevalent patients. We examined the relationship between BP and cerebral ischemia (relative drop in cerebral saturation >15%) and explored the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation at patient and population levels. Furthermore, we estimated intradialytic exposure to cerebral ischemia and hypotension for each patient, and entered these values into multivariate models predicting change in cognitive function. In all, 23.5% of hemodialysis sessions featured cerebral ischemia; 31.9% of these events were symptomatic. Episodes of hypotension were common, with mean arterial pressure falling by a median of 22 mmHg (interquartile range, 14.3-31.9 mmHg) and dropping below 60 mmHg in 24% of sessions. Every 10 mmHg drop from baseline in mean arterial pressure associated with a 3% increase in ischemic events (<i>P</i><0.001), and the incidence of ischemic events rose rapidly below an absolute mean arterial pressure of 60 mmHg. Overall, however, BP poorly predicted downstream ischemia. The lower limit of cerebral autoregulation varied substantially (mean 74.1 mmHg, SD 17.6 mmHg). Intradialytic cerebral ischemia, but not hypotension, correlated with decreased executive cognitive function at 12 months (<i>P</i>=0.03). This pilot study demonstrates that intradialytic cerebral ischemia occurs frequently, is not easily predicted from BP, and may be clinically significant.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF DIENES AND TRIENES FROM PYRYLIUM PERCHLORATE: A CONVERGENT APPROACH TO LEUKOTRIENES (1985)

Abstract Pyryliumperchlorat (I) wird durch Organe‐ Lithiumverbindungen (II) zu Aldehyden (III) gespalten.
Reproducible Surface Contrasting and Orientation Correlation of Low-Carbon Steels by Time-Resolved Beraha Color Etching (2016)

Abstract Color etchants have a huge potential in industrial applications and numerous investigations have been made to obtain a better understanding of the etching process. However, reproducibility and a solid knowledge of the ongoing processes are still missing. The work presented is a systematic study of the reproducibility of the Beraha color etching with potassium metabisulfite. By in situ observation of the etching process, the different states of the Beraha etching could be followed. It was shown that, at the beginning of the etching of dual-phase steels, the contrasting of the second phase by dissolving the less noble part of the second phase is the predominant contrast. Uncommonly, grain boundaries are hardly attacked. The color development of matrix grains is orientation sensitive and it was shown by comparison with electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) measurements, that similar orientated grains have similar colors.
Novel Bicyclic Piperazine Derivatives of Triazolotriazine and Triazolopyrimidines as Highly Potent and Selective Adenosine A2AReceptor Antagonists (2004)

A series of bicyclic piperazine derivatives of triazolotriazine and triazolopyrimidines was synthesized. Some of these analogues show high affinity and excellent selectivity for adenosine A(2a) receptor versus the adenosine A(1) receptor. Structure-activity-relationship (SAR) studies based on octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and octahydropyrido[1,2-a]pyrazine with various capping groups are reported. Among these analogues, the most potent and selective A(2a) antagonist 26 h has a K(i) value of 0.2 nM and is 16 500-fold selective with respect to the A(1) receptor. Among a number of compounds tested, compounds 21a and 21c exhibited significantly improved metabolic stability. Compounds 21a, 21c, and 18a showed good oral efficacy in rodent catalepsy models of Parkinson's disease.
Protection against UVB-induced oxidative stress in human skin cells and skin models by methionine sulfoxide reductase A. (2013)

Environmental trauma to human skin can lead to oxidative damage of proteins and affect their activity and structure. When methionine becomes oxidized to its sulfoxide form, methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MSRA) reduces it back to methionine. We report here the increase in MSRA in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) after ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, as well as the reduction in hydrogen peroxide levels in NHEK pre-treated with MSRA after exposure. Further, when NHEK were pre-treated with a non-cytotoxic pentapeptide containing methionine sulfoxide (metSO), MSRA expression increased by 18.2%. Additionally, when the media of skin models were supplemented with the metSO pentapeptide and then exposed to UVB, a 31.1% reduction in sunburn cells was evident. We conclude that the presence of MSRA or an externally applied peptide reduces oxidative damage in NHEK and skin models and that MSRA contributes to the protection of proteins against UVB-induced damage in skin.
Analytics for Detection of Money Laundering (2014)

ABSTRACT Money Laundering (ML) is a serious problem for the economies and financial institutions around the world. Financial institutions get used by organized criminals and terrorists as vehicles of large-scale money laundering, which presents the institutions with challenges of regulatory compliance, maintaining financial security, preserving goodwill and reputation and avoiding operational risks like liquidity crunch and lawsuits. Hence prevention, detection and control of ML are crucial for the financial security and risk management of financial institutions. In this paper, we begin with an overview of the problem of ML, discuss some commonly used methods of ML, study a real life example where one of the premier banks was fined for insufficient AML controls, look at challenges faced by banks and financial institutions, discuss the analytic techniques which can be used for detection of ML and Money Laundering Detection Program. Further this paper reports the results of experimentation done on two ML patterns to determine the effectiveness of the RRS and angle based outlier detection algorithms and show that the algorithms are reasonably accurate in detecting ML accounts.
Surface Plasmons and Singularities (2010)

We apply the conformal transformation technique to study systematically a variety of singular plasmonic structures, including two-dimensional sharp edges, rough surfaces, and nanocrescents. These structures are shown to exhibit two distinct features. First, different from a planar metallic surface, the surface plasmon excitations on the examined structures have a lower bound cutoff at a finite frequency; second, the electric field diverges below a critical frequency even when metallic losses are considered. For rough surfaces and open-crescent nanostructures, the influence of the structure shapes on the absorbance characteristics is also discussed. Our analysis gives a unique insight into the light capture process on singular structures and holds the promise of detection of single molecules and greatly enhanced nonlinear effects.