gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced electrical and optical properties of single-layered MoS2 by incorporation of aluminum (2017)

Electrical and optical enhancements of single-layer semiconducting materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides have recently been studied to achieve sensitive properties via external treatments, such as the formation of organic/inorganic protecting layers on field-effect transistors (FETs), thermal annealing, and nano-dot doping of sensors and detectors. Here, we propose a new analytical approach to electrical and optical enhancement through a passivation process using atomic layer deposition (ALD), and demonstrate a synthesized MoS2 monolayer incorporated with Al atoms in an Al2O3 passivation layer. The incorporated Al atoms in the MoS2 monolayer are clearly observed by spherical aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM) and TEM-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results. We demonstrate that the chemically incorporated FETs exhibit highly enhanced mobilities of approximately 3.7 cm2·V−1·s−1, forty times greater than that of as-synthesized MoS2, with a three-fold improvement in the photoluminescence properties.
Preferential binding to branched DNA strands and strand-annealing activity of the human Rad51B, Rad51C, Rad51D and Xrcc2 protein complex (2004)

The Rad51B, Rad51C, Rad51D and Xrcc2 proteins are Rad51 paralogs, and form a complex (BCDX2 complex) in mammalian cells. Mutant cells defective in any one of the Rad51-paralog genes exhibit spontaneous genomic instability and extreme sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents, due to inefficient recombinational repair. Therefore, the Rad51 paralogs play important roles in the maintenance of genomic integrity through recombinational repair. In the present study, we examined the DNA-binding preference of the human BCDX2 complex. Competitive DNA-binding assays using seven types of DNA substrates, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA, 5'- and 3'-tailed duplexes, nicked duplex DNA, Y-shaped DNA and a synthetic Holliday junction, revealed that the BCDX2 complex preferentially bound to the two DNA substrates with branched structures (the Y-shaped DNA and the synthetic Holliday junction). Furthermore, the BCDX2 complex catalyzed the strand-annealing reaction between a long linear ssDNA (1.2 kb in length) and its complementary circular ssDNA. These properties of the BCDX2 complex may be important for its roles in the maintenance of chromosomal integrity.
Surface signaling in pathogenesis. (1995)

Surface signaling plays a major role in fungal infection. Topographical features of the plant surface and chemicals on the surface can trigger germination of fungal spores and differentiation of the germ tubes into appressoria. Ethylene, the fruit-ripening hormone, triggers germination of conidia, branching of hyphae, and multiple appressoria formation in Colletotrichum, thus allowing fungi to time their infection to coincide with ripening of the host. Genes uniquely expressed during appressoria formation induced by topography and surface chemicals have been isolated. Disruption of some of them has been shown to decrease virulence on the hosts. Penetration of the cuticle by the fungus is assisted by fungal cutinase secreted at the penetration structure of the fungus. Disruption of cutinase gene in Fusarium solani pisi drastically decreased its virulence. Small amounts of cutinase carried by spores of virulent pathogens, upon contact with plant surface, release small amounts of cutin monomers that trigger cutinase gene expression. The promoter elements involved in this process in F. solani pisi were identified, and transcription factors that bind these elements were cloned. One of them, cutinase transcription factor 1, expressed in Escherichia coli, is phosphorylated. Several protein kinases from F. solani pisi were cloned. The kinase involved in phosphorylation of specific transcription factors and the precise role of phosphorylation in regulating cutinase gene transcription remain to be elucidated.
Supplementary Table 1 from Defining a Chromatin Pattern that Characterizes DNA-Hypermethylated Genes in Colon Cancer Cells (2023)

Supplementary Table 1 from Defining a Chromatin Pattern that Characterizes DNA-Hypermethylated Genes in Colon Cancer Cells
Comment on ‘‘Observation and structural determination of √3×√3)R30°reconstruction of the Si(111) surface’’ (1990)

A Comment on the Letter by W. C. Fan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 62, 1516 (1989).
A fast algorithm for the generation of referring expressions (1992)

We simplify previous work in the development of algorithms for the generation of referring expressions while at the same time taking account of psycholinguistic findings and transcript data. The result is a straightforward algorithm that is computationally tractable, sensitive to the preferences of human users, and reasonably domain-independent. We provide a specification of the resources a host system must provide in order to make use of the algorithm, and describe an implementation used in the IDAS system.
Common-ground transformerless inverter for solar photovoltaic module (2018)

This paper presents a new single-phase transformerless inverter providing common ground for grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems. It consists of 5 switches, one diode, one capacitor, one small inductor and a small filter at the output stage. A simple Unipolar Sinusoidal Pulse-Width Modulation (SPWM) technique is used to operate the proposed inverter to minimize losses, output current ripple, filter requirements and improve its electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). The proposed topology shares a common ground with the grid and a capacitor is utilized as a virtual DC bus to provide the negative power cycle of the inverter. The capacitor is charged regardless of any switching cycle using a dedicated switch which can in turn reduce the size of capacitor in relation to the switching frequency. The peak ac output voltage is equal to the input DC voltage which reduces the requirement of the high input DC voltages. Simulation and experimental results for a 1 kW prototype are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed topology.
Ultrasonic parametric imaging of erythrocyte aggregation using the structure factor size estimator (2009)

Ultrasound characterization of erythrocyte aggregation (EA) is attractive because it is a non-invasive imaging modality that can be applied in vivo and in situ. An experimental validation of the Structure Factor Size Estimator (SFSE), a non-Rayleigh scattering model adapted for dense suspensions, was performed on 4 erythrocyte preparations with different aggregation tendencies. Erythrocyte preparations were circulated in Couette and tube flows while acoustically imaged over a bandwidth of 9-28 MHz. Two acoustically derived parameters, the packing factor (W) and ensemble averaged aggregate size (D), predictably increased with increasing EA, a finding corroborated by bulk viscosity measurements. In tube flow, a "black hole" reflecting the absence of aggregates was observed in the center stream of some parametric images. The SFSE clearly allowed quantifying the EA spatial distribution with larger aggregates closer to the tube walls as the aggregation tendency was increased. In Couette flow, W and D were uniformly distributed across the shear field. Assuming that the viscosity increase at low shear is mainly determined by EA, viscosity maps were computed in tube flow. Interestingly, erythrocyte suspensions with high aggregabilities resulted in homogeneous viscosity distributions, whereas a "normal" aggregability promoted the formation of concentric rings with varying viscosities.
Measuring distributed mode scattering in few mode fibers with high and low differential group delay (2012)

We present measurements of distributed mode scattering in up to 30km long few mode fibers using spatially and spectrally resolved (S <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) imaging.
Impacts of Biotransformation on the Health Benefits of Tea Polyphenols (2022)

Consumption of tea has been associated with many health benefits including the prevention of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and obesity. These effects are attributed to the polyphenol compounds in tea with catechins being the major components in green tea and theaflavins (TFs) and thearubigins (TRs) as the unique compounds in black tea. Tea polyphenols are extensively metabolized in vivo and have poor systematic bioavailability. It is generally believed that the metabolites of tea polyphenols retain their bioactivities and some of the microbial metabolites are more bioavailable than the parent compounds. This manuscript summarizes the recent progress on the identification of novel metabolic pathways of tea polyphenols and their contributions to the health benefits of tea.
Chronic Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Therapy Reduces Priapic Activity in Transgenic Sickle Cell Mice: Restoring Nitric Oxide/Redox Balance in the Penis. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 576 Introduction: Sickle cell disease (SCD)-associated priapism is characterized by aberrant nitric oxide (NO) regulatory pathway signaling and reduced endothelial NO bioavailability resulting in phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) dysregulation in the penis. Our objective was to determine the effect of chronic PDE5 inhibitor therapy on in vivo erectile responses as well as on NO signaling and redox actions in the penis in an animal model of SCD in order to identify mechanisms associated with this therapeutic effect. Our animal model comprised transgenic sickle cell (SS) mice, expressing human sickle hemoglobin. Methods: Five groups of mice were used: 1) wild type (WT), 2) sickle cell heterozygotes (Hemi), 3) sickle cell homozygotes (Sickle), 4) WT + sildenafil (100 mg/kg per day), and 5) Sickle + sildenafil (100 mg/kg per day). All experimental groups underwent cavernous nerve electrical stimulation (CNS; 0.5 - 6 V) to assess erectile function (intracavernous pressure; ICP), and their responses were compared to WT. The frequency of erectile responses (erections/hr) pre- and post-stimulation was also determined. Analyses of penes were: total endothelial NOS (eNOS) and its phosphorylated/activated form (p-eNOS, Ser-1177), and PDE5 expressions; eNOS uncoupling (ratio of active eNOS dimer vs. inactive monomer); reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation; cGMP, NOS and PDE5 activities; and electron microscopy. Results: Erectile responses to CNS were significantly enhanced (P&lt;0.05) in the Sickle when compared to Hemi and WT at all voltage settings. Sickle mice treated with sildenafil had a reduction (P&lt;0.05) in spontaneous erections and reduced erectile responses to CNS, while sildenafil therapy had no effect on erectile responses in WT. EM showed endothelial cell interruption with loss of normal endothelial architecture and increased smooth muscle cell hyperplasia in Sickle mice penes. Sickle mice penes had reduced eNOS activity, p-eNOS expression, cGMP level, and PDE5 activity and increased eNOS uncoupling and ROS generation. Sildenafil therapy restored cGMP, NOS and PDE5 activities, improved p-eNOS expression, prevented eNOS uncoupling, and reduced ROS generation in Sickle mice penes compared to WT. Conclusions: The priapic activity in the Sickle mouse is associated with a reduction in the functions of NOS and PDE5 and an NO/redox imbalance in the penis, and chronic PDE5 inhibitor therapy reverses this phenotype by restoring normal NO-mediated penile vascular homeostasis. These data support the use of PDE5 inhibitors for the treatment of priapism associated with hematologic dyscrasias. Disclosures: Burnett: Pfizer Inc: Research Funding; Lilly LLC: Research Funding. Off Label Use: Sildenafil and tadalafil are FDA approved for treating erectile dysfunction.
p-nJunction Photodetectors Based on Macroscopic Single-Wall Carbon Nanotube Films (2013)

We have designed, fabricated, and characterized novel p-n junction photodetectors based on macroscopic single-wall carbon nanotube films. A broadband responsivity up to ~ 1 V/W was observed at the junction region. By controlling for substrate and doping levels, we determined that the mechanism is the photothermoelectric effect, which is supported by a theoretical model
Yes/No Questions and Answers in the Map Task Corpus (1997)

We analyze question-answer pairs in a variety of ways, for three different kinds of yes/no questions. We find that the classification of yes/no questions described in (Carletta et al., 1995) for the Edinburgh map task corpus correlates well with whether a response will be a bare yes or no, a yes or no plus additional speech, or just speech without an overt yes or no. Correlation with responses described as “direct” or “indirect” is less good. We also find that the strength of a question’s expectation for a YES response correlates with the move type, the form of the response, and lexical yes choices; and that the move type correlates with the form of the question and with turn-taking schema.
Supplementary Tables 1 - 7 from A Meta-analysis of Lung Cancer Gene Expression Identifies <i>PTK7</i> as a Survival Gene in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 40KB, Data sets used in discovery meta-analysis (S1). Data sets used in validation meta-analysis (S2). Gene-level results in validation meta-analysis (S3). Data sets used in NSCLC histological subtype meta-analysis (S4). Gene-level results in NSCLC histological subtype (ADC vs SCC) meta-analysis (S5). Tissue microarray specimen annotations and PTK7 staining results (S6). Cell line annotations (S7).&lt;/p&gt;
Optimization-intensive watermarking techniques for decision problems (2003)

Recently, a number of watermarking-based intellectual property protection techniques have been proposed. Although they have been applied to different stages in the design process and have a great variety of technical and theoretical features, all of them share two common properties: they all have been applied solely to optimization problems and do not involve any optimization during the watermarking process. In this paper we propose the first set of optimization-intensive watermarking techniques for decision problems. In particular we demonstrate how one can select a subset of superimposed watermarking constraints so that the uniqueness of the signature and the likelihood of satisfying an instance of the satisfiability problem are simultaneously maximized. We have developed three watermarking SAT techniques: adding clauses, deleting literals, push-out and pull-back. Each technique targets different types of signature induced constraint superimposition on an instance of the SAT problem. In addition to comprehensive experimental validation, we theoretically analyze the potentials and limitations of the proposed watermarking techniques. Furthermore, we analyze the three proposed optimization-intensive watermarking SAT techniques in terms of their suitability for copy detection.
The Role of Ultrasound in Modulating Interstitial Fluid Pressure in Solid Tumors for Improved Drug Delivery (2021)

The unique microenvironment of solid tumors, including desmoplasia within the extracellular matrix, enhanced vascular permeability, and poor lymphatic drainage, leads to an elevated interstitial fluid pressure which is a major barrier to drug delivery. Reducing tumor interstitial fluid pressure is one proposed method of increasing drug delivery to the tumor. The goal of this topical review is to describe recent work using focused ultrasound with or without microbubbles to modulate tumor interstitial fluid pressure, through either thermal or mechanical effects on the extracellular matrix and the vasculature. Furthermore, we provide a review on techniques in which ultrasound imaging may be used to diagnose elevated interstitial fluid pressure within solid tumors. Ultrasound-based techniques show high promise in diagnosing and treating elevated interstitial pressure to enhance drug delivery.
Compensation of Track and Hold Frequency Response Mismatches in Interleaved Analog to Digital Converters for High-Speed Communications (2006)

In this paper, we investigate the effect of mismatches in the frequency responses of the track-and-hold (T&H) amplifiers of an interleaved array of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) used as the front-end of a high-speed communications receiver. Furthermore, we introduce digital signal processing (DSP) techniques to compensate the performance loss caused by these mismatches. These techniques take advantage of the specific application of the ADC as a front-end of a digital communication receiver, assumed to be based on a parallel processing implementation of a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) (Kasturia and Winters, 1991; Parhi, 1999). With a relatively simple modification, the DFE can be transformed into a multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) equalizer. The latter effectively compensates the effect of the T&H frequency response mismatch. The performance measure used in this paper is the signal to noise ratio (SNR) at the slicer. An SNR loss of 2.5 dB or more could result from the T/H mismatch. Most of this loss is compensated by the MIMO equalizer. Our conclusions can be easily extended to receiver architectures other than the DFE, for example maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) (Agazzi, 2005). As an example of the effectiveness of the techniques introduced here, we present an optical receiver with electronic dispersion compensation (EDC) for the emergent IEEE 802.3aq standard for 10 Gb/s Ethernet over multimode fibers
A new design method for broadband microphone arrays for speech input in automobiles (2002)

A new design method for broadband microphone arrays is presented. Using sequences of calibration signals, the method is able to design finite-impulse response (FIR) filters with specific performance. The method can control and adjust the speech distortion, noise suppression, and echo cancellation directly. It turns out that a significantly shorter filter length can be applied to achieve better overall performance than the least-squares method or the signal-to-noise plus interference method.
Supplementary Table 1 from EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 Constitute a New Class of Potent and Highly Selective c-Met Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 53K, Characteristics of the antibodies used in the study. The specificity, isotype, clone number, and commercial source of the antibodies used throughout the study are indicated. All antibodies were used according to the manufacturer's instructions.&lt;/p&gt;
Human Coronavirus OC43 Nucleocapsid Protein Binds MicroRNA 9 and Potentiates NF-κB Activation (2013)

The human coronavirus OC43 is a major contributor to the common cold worldwide, though due to its low mortality rate, little research has focused on this human pathogen. The nucleocapsid is an essential structural protein with conserved functions across the coronavirus family. While a multitude of studies have examined nucleocapsid function, none have described the effects of OC43 nucleocapsid on the transcription factor NF-κB. We report that the nucleocapsid protein of OC43 causes potentiation of NF-κB activation. This prolonged activation is the direct result of the ability of the nucleocapsid to bind RNA, specifically microRNA 9 (miR-9), which is a negative regulator of NF-κB. This previously undescribed interaction between virus and host is a potential mechanism of immune evasion in RNA viruses.
Perceptions of Barriers to Effective Obesity Care: Results from the National ACTION Study (2017)

Although generally perceived as a disease, obesity is not commonly treated as such. Divergence in perceptions and attitudes potentially hinders better management. This study highlights inconsistent understanding of the impact of obesity and need for both self-directed and medical management.
Energy and Mass Analyses of Secondary Positive Ions from Silicon Wafer Surfaces (1978)

The kinetic energy distribution of ions liberated from a silicon wafer surface was measured. The primary ion was 8 keV O+. The energy distribution was analyzed using electric toroidal sector(re=212mm, φe=85°, c=0.5). Two new sharp energy peaks have been observed immediately below a giant sputtered ion peak. These energetically discrete sputtered ions were analyzed with a double focusing mass spectrometer. From the results of SIMS analyses, ions of the lowest energy peak have been identified as the ambient gas ions, ions of the next higher energy peak as those from the top surface, and ions of the giant energy peak as those from the bulk.
Wi-Fi Sensing Based on IEEE 802.11bf (2022)

Conventionally, Wi-Fi radio signals are widely used for data transmissions in a wireless local area network (WLAN). Recently, it has been an interesting topic to also apply Wi-Fi radio signals to sense the environment where these signals propagate and identify changes associated with certain activities. This technique is referred to as Wi-Fi sensing, and it has been proven effective in a variety of use cases, such as proximity detection, gesture recognition, target counting, and health monitoring. As a result, the IEEE 802.11 working group has formed a new Task Group, 802.11 bf, to develop a new amendment to define necessary PHY and MAC protocols to support Wi-Fi sensing in all spectrum bands, including sub-7 GHz bands (2.4 GHz, 5 GHz, and 6 GHz band), as well as 60 GHz millimeter-wave band. In this article, our primary goal is to identify and describe the basic elements that have been developed in IEEE 802.11 bf to enable Wi-Fi sensing applications in different WLAN scenarios.
Minimum Core Genome Sequence Typing of Bacterial Pathogens: a Unified Approach for Clinical and Public Health Microbiology (2013)

Bacterial pathogens impose a heavy health burden worldwide. In the new era of high-throughput sequencing and online bioinformatics, real-time genome typing of infecting agents, and in particular those with potential severe clinical outcomes, holds promise for guiding clinical care to limit the detrimental effects of infections and to prevent potential local or global outbreaks. Here, we sequenced and compared 85 isolates of Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic human and swine pathogen, wherein we analyzed 32 recognized serotypes and 75 sequence types representing the diversity of the species and the human clinical isolates with high public health significance. We found that 1,077 of the 2,469 genes are shared by all isolates. Excluding 201 common but mobile genes, 876 genes were defined as the minimum core genome (MCG) of the species. Of 190,894 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified, 58,501 were located in the MCG genes and were referred to as MCG SNPs. A population structure analysis of these MCG SNPs classified the 85 isolates into seven MCG groups, of which MCG group 1 includes all isolates from human infections and outbreaks. Our MCG typing system for S. suis provided a clear separation of groups containing human-associated isolates from those containing animal-associated isolates. It also separated the group containing outbreak isolates, including those causing life-threatening streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome, from sporadic or less severe meningitis or bacteremia-only isolates. The typing system facilitates the application of genome data to the fields of clinical medicine and epidemiology and to the surveillance of S. suis. The MCG groups may also be used as the taxonomical units of S. suis to define bacterial subpopulations with the potential to cause severe clinical infections and large-scale outbreaks.