gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hybrid linear/quadratic time-frequency attributes (2002)

We present an efficient method for robustly calculating time-frequency attributes of a signal, including instantaneous mean frequency, bandwidth, and kurtosis. Most current approaches involve a costly intermediate step of computing a (highly oversampled) 2-D bilinear time-frequency representation (TFR), which is then collapsed to the 1-D attribute. Using the principles of hybrid linear/bilinear time-frequency analysis, we propose computing attributes as nonlinear combinations of the (barely oversampled) linear Gabor transform of the signal. The method is both computationally efficient and accurate-it performs as well as the best bilinear techniques based on adaptive TFRs. To illustrate, we calculate an attribute of a seismic cross-section.
Performance Characteristics of Sleep Apnea Screening Instruments in Former Professional Athletes (P1.094) (2018)

To study performance characteristics of sleep apnea screening instruments for predicting the respiratory event index (REI) in former professional athletes
PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS ASSOCIATED WITH IN VIVO EXPANSION OF ANTI‐CD19 CAR T CELLS IN PATIENTS TREATED WITH AXICABTAGENE CILOLEUCEL (AXI‐CEL) (2017)

Introduction: Axi-cel (formerly KTE-C19) is an autologous anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy. ZUMA-1 is a multicenter, registrational trial of axi-cel in patients with refractory aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma. In a prespecified interim analysis, ZUMA-1 met its primary endpoint, with a 76% objective response rate and a 47% complete response rate (Blood2016;128:LBA-6). Post-treatment CAR T-cell blood levels were associated with objective response. Here, we describe novel associations between product characteristics and CAR T-cell levels in patients. Methods: CAR T-cell characteristics in axi-cel produced from 62 patients were analyzed by flow cytometry and modeled against CAR T cell levels. In vivo CAR T-cell levels were measured by qPCR. T-cell expansion during production (fold expansion/total days in culture) was compared with CAR T cell blood levels, using a partition analysis with expansion rates of ≥1 vs <1. Wilcoxon 2-sample test and linear regression were used. Results: Axi-cel contained CCR7+ T cells (median, 42%; range, 15–73%), with naïve (CD45RA+/CCR7+; median, 12%; range, 1–57%), central memory (CD45RA−/CCR7+; median, 29%; range, 12–49%) phenotypes, and more differentiated CCR7− effector memory and effector T cells. On infusion, CAR T cells expanded rapidly, reaching peak levels within 2 weeks (median, 43 cells/μL; range, 1–1513), and were also measurable in all patients at 1 month (median, 2 cells/μL; range, 0.03–89). The CCR7+/CCR7− T cell ratio in axi-cel associated positively with peak (P = 0.001) and cumulative (P = 0.003) CAR T-cell levels through 1 month. More rapid expansion of axi-cel lots during production (≥1.0-fold/d; n = 18/62) was associated with higher cumulative levels of CAR T cells (P = 0.03). Other product characteristics, eg, CD4/CD8 ratio or number of infused T cells, were not significantly associated with CAR T cell blood levels. Conclusions: An association was observed between CAR T-cell expansion in vivo and both the T-cell growth rate during production and product cell phenotype pretreatment. A key attribute of axi-cel product was the presence of CCR7+ naïve/central memory T cells, without upfront T-cell subset selection. *Drs. Neelapu and Locke contributed equally to this work. Keywords: CD19; non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL); T-cells.
Rapid transformation of transparent conducting films into superhydrophobic conductive films (2017)

A smart multifunctional surface of conductive plastics with a superhydrophobic surface can potentially be very useful for electrostatic dissipation, electromagnetic interference shielding, and thin film heater with self-cleaning properties.
Polyacetal-diethylstilboestrol: A Polymeric Drug Designed for pH-triggered Activation (2004)

Those polymer anticancer-drug conjugates currently undergoing clinical evaluation have a tripartite structure; a water-soluble polymer, an anticancer agent and a pendant linker. To simplify the construct it would be attractive to develop anticancer polymer therapeutics that contain the bioactive agent as an integral part of the polymer backbone. The aim of this study was to utilise the reaction between a divinyl ethers and diols, to synthesise polyacetals incorporating a drug with bis-hydroxyl functionality into the polymer backbone. Degradation of the polymer backbone in the acidic environment of the lysosome or the extracellular fluid of some tumours would then trigger drug release eliminating the need for a biodegradable linker. A tert-polymerisation approach was used to incorporate non-steroidal oestrogen diethylstilboestrol (DES) into the mainchain of water-soluble polyacetals synthesised using as co-monomer PEG of Mw 2900 or 3400 g/mol. When PEG2900 was used the resultant polymer had a Mw of 18,900 g/mol, a Mw/Mn of 1.9 and a DES loading 4.3 wt.%. With PEG3400 the polymer Mw was 43,000 g/mol, Mw/Mn=1.8 and it had a DES loading 4.7 wt.%. 1H-NMR confirmed the presence of two distinct sets of acetal peaks, which correspond to the two possible mainchain acetals; from PEG at 1.25-1.3(d) and 4.7-4.8(q) ppm and from DES at 1.55-1.6(d) and 5.4-5.5(q) ppm. These were consistent with the acetal signals observed for the non-water-soluble co-polymer DES: tri(ethylene glycol) divinyl ether (TEGDVE) (1 : 2, Mw=6859 g/mol, Mw/Mn=1.3). When evaluated in vitro, the DES-polyacetal displayed greater cytotoxicity than DES against human and murine tumour cell lines (IC50=48 and 420 microg/ml against MCF-7 human breast cancer cells and IC50=97 and 560 microg/ml against B16F10 murine melanoma cells, respectively). These polymers showed no significant haemolysis at concentrations up to 20 mg/ml confirming suitability for further in vivo evaluation. An enhanced rate of hydrolytic degradation of the polymer backbone was seen at pH 5.5, (65% trans-DES released in 96 h), compared to pH 7.4 (4% trans-DES released in 96 h). These bioresponsive DES-polyacetals tert-polymers are the first water-soluble anticancer polymeric drugs designed for acidic pH-triggered release of a drug incorporated into the polymer mainchain. Their in vitro characteristics suggest further in vivo evaluation is warranted.
Investigating the effect of graphene oxide in chitosan/alginate-based foams on the release and antifungal activity of clotrimazole in vitro (2022)

Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) have been used as the matrix of solid foams for drug delivery. This study aimed at investigating the effect of graphene oxide (GO) and the composition of excipients in chitosan/alginate-based buccal foams on the clotrimazole release and antifungal activities. The investigation has been focused on the interactions of the drug with excipients in the foams, and the changes of ionization degree upon exposure to various media are discussed. The solid foams were prepared by mixing the excipients and clotrimazole via probe sonication, followed by a freeze-drying method. The pH values of the formulations were measured during the foam preparation process to estimate the ionization degree of clotrimazole and the other excipients. The foam matrix was the PECs between the cationic chitosan and anionic alginate. The mechanical strength of clotrimazole-loaded foams was lower than that of drug-free foams due to the positively charged clotrimazole interacting with the anionic alginate and interfering the PECs between chitosan and alginate. Addition of GO in the clotrimazole-loaded matrix made the foams mechanically stronger and contributed to a faster release of clotrimazole from the buccal foams by disrupting the electrostatic interactions between alginate and clotrimazole. However, addition of 1 wt% GO in the formulations didn't affect the antifungal activity of clotrimazole-loaded foams significantly. A lower amount GO in the formulation may be required for enhancing the antifungal effect, which should be further investigated in future.
Solvent-free Hydrodeoxygenation of γ-Nonalactone on Noble Metal Catalysts Supported on Zirconia (2019)

The possibility to valorize levulinic acid (LA) dimers to lignocellulose-based biofuels via hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) was assessed using γ-nonalactone (GNL) as a model compound. Catalytic HDO experiments were performed in a batch reactor at 280 °C and at an average pressure of 57.5 bar H2. Noble metal (Ru, Rh, Pd, and Pt) catalysts supported on ZrO2. All the catalysts were active in removing oxygen from the reactant. However, the most selective catalyst for hydrocarbons (24%) was ruthenium. Unlike the other tested catalysts, Ru also provided branched hydrocarbons. In view of Ru’s comparatively high selectivity to hydrocarbons, it was tested at various reaction temperatures (220–280 °C) for 300 min. The experiments at lower temperatures resulted in less hydrocarbons and more intermediate products, such as alcohols. In total, nearly 70 products were identified, and some of the reactions that likely occurred in the HDO experiments were discussed. The production of hydrocarbons from GNL highlights the potential of LA dimers as a route to lignocellulose-based biofuels.
Exploiting flow dynamics for super-resolution in contrast-enhanced\n ultrasound (2018)

Ultrasound localization microscopy offers new radiation-free diagnostic tools\nfor vascular imaging deep within the tissue. Sequential localization of echoes\nreturned from inert microbubbles with low-concentration within the bloodstream\nreveal the vasculature with capillary resolution. Despite its high spatial\nresolution, low microbubble concentrations dictate the acquisition of tens of\nthousands of images, over the course of several seconds to tens of seconds, to\nproduce a single super-resolved image. %since each echo is required to be well\nseparated from adjacent microbubbles. Such long acquisition times and stringent\nconstraints on microbubble concentration are undesirable in many clinical\nscenarios. To address these restrictions, sparsity-based approaches have\nrecently been developed. These methods reduce the total acquisition time\ndramatically, while maintaining good spatial resolution in settings with\nconsiderable microbubble overlap. %Yet, non of the reported methods exploit the\nfact that microbubbles actually flow within the bloodstream. % to improve\nrecovery. Here, we further improve sparsity-based super-resolution ultrasound\nimaging by exploiting the inherent flow of microbubbles and utilize their\nmotion kinematics. While doing so, we also provide quantitative measurements of\nmicrobubble velocities. Our method relies on simultaneous tracking and\nsuper-localization of individual microbubbles in a frame-by-frame manner, and\nas such, may be suitable for real-time implementation. We demonstrate the\neffectiveness of the proposed approach on both simulations and {\\it in-vivo}\ncontrast enhanced human prostate scans, acquired with a clinically approved\nscanner.\n
Cutting Through the Noise: Bacterial Chemotaxis in Marine Microenvironments (2020)

The ability of marine microbes to navigate towards chemical hotspots can determine their nutrient uptake and has the potential to affect the cycling of elements in the ocean. The link between bacterial navigation and nutrient cycling highlights the need to understand how chemotaxis functions in the context of marine microenvironments. Chemotaxis hinges on the stochastic binding/unbinding of molecules with surface receptors, the transduction of this information through an intracellular signalling cascade, and the activation and control of flagellar motors. The intrinsic randomness of these processes is a central challenge that cells must deal with in order to navigate, particularly under dilute conditions where noise and signal are similar in magnitude. Such conditions are ubiquitous in the ocean, where nutrient concentrations are often extremely low and subject to rapid variation in space (e.g. particulate matter, nutrient plumes) and time (e.g. diffusing sources, fluid mixing). Stochastic, biophysical models of chemotaxis have the potential to illuminate how bacteria cope with noise to efficiently navigate in such environments. At the same time, new technologies for experimentation allow for continuous interrogation -- from milliseconds through to days -- of bacterial responses in custom dynamic nutrient landscapes, providing unprecedented access to the behaviour of chemotactic cells in microenvironments engineered to mimic those cells navigate in the wild. These recent theoretical and experimental developments have created an opportunity to derive population-level uptake from single-cell motility characteristics in ways that could inform the next generation of marine biogeochemical cycling models.
Physical reproduction of materials with specified subsurface scattering (2010)

We investigate a complete pipeline for measuring, modeling, and fabricating objects with specified subsurface scattering behaviors. The process starts with measuring the scattering properties of a given set of base materials, determining their radial reflection and transmission profiles. We describe a mathematical model that predicts the profiles of different stackings of base materials, at arbitrary thicknesses. In an inverse process, we can then specify a desired reflection profile and compute a layered composite material that best approximates it. Our algorithm efficiently searches the space of possible combinations of base materials, pruning unsatisfactory states imposed by physical constraints. We validate our process by producing both homogeneous and heterogeneous composites fabricated using a multi-material 3D printer. We demonstrate reproductions that have scattering properties approximating complex materials.
Gas sampling from fluidized beds with a newly developed probe: the Venturi probe (1997)

A probe to sample gas from the particle loaded regions of (Circulating) Fluidized Beds was designed, built and tested. Since the Venturi Probe features non-mechanical gas-solids separation, blocking risks and filter maintenance are significantly reduced. It has a very simple construction and can easily be operated. In gas sampling from commercial-scale fluidized beds, blocking of the probe and filter by solids is a major problem. Some probes apply gas injection in the tip of the probe, creating a cyclone action that separates the solids. To avoid possible dilution of the gas sample, a novel probe, the Venturi Probe has been designed in which part of the sampled gas itself is used to create the cyclone action. The Venturi Probe consists of a venturi tube at the back of the probe and a cyclone section at the tip. In the throat of the venturi a pressure drop is created; the pressure difference between the throat and the back of the probe is used to inject a part of the gas back into the tip of the probe creating the cyclone action. Calculations and experiments show that the venturi can cause a sufficient pressure drop to create a cyclone action. Two prototypesmore » of the Venturi Probe were designed and built. Tests have been performed in a 0.08 m ID cold CFB (DUT), in a 0.96 m{sup 2} cold CFB and in a 0.6 m ID hot CFB pilot (both at CERCHAR). Particular removal efficiencies larger than 90% are feasible when a proper choice of probe dimensions (diameter of venturi, size and location of gas injection ports) is made.« less
Marital status and its relationship with the risk and pattern of visual impairment in a multi-ethnic Asian population (2013)

Unmarried status is associated with VI, particularly among elderly Malays and Indians. Our findings suggest that single and widowed adults may benefit from specific social support and eye care programmes.
Engineering Poly(ethylene-co-1-butene) through Modulating the Active Species by Alkylaluminum (2020)

A SiO2/MgCl2-bisupported Ziegler–Natta-type catalyst is studied in gas-phase ethylene/1-butene copolymerization. With a minimal amount of alkylaluminum required to activate the catalyst, polymerization kinetics is profoundly affected by the dosage of it. High dosage of alkylaluminum retards the polymerization but does not kill the catalyst. Through a comprehensive characterization on the samples by differential scanning calorimetry, crystallization elution fractionation, thermal gradient interaction chromatography, cross-fractionation chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance, it has been shown that alkylaluminum also alters the short-chain branching distribution (SCBD) of the copolymer but barely affects the total comonomer incorporation. It is proposed that alkylaluminum alters the active species from producing statistical copolymer chains to producing block polymer chains with C4-enriched and C4-scattered segments. It provides an example of a bimetallic structure of active species as well as an approach to tailor SCBD between a statistical copolymer and block copolymer bearing C4-enriched and C4-scattered segments.
Accelerated statistical simulation via on-demand Hermite spline interpolations (2011)

We propose an efficient Hermite spline-based SPICE simulation methodology for accurate statistical yield analysis. Unlike conventional methods, the spline-based transistor tables are built on-demand specific to the transient simulation requirements of the statistical experiments. Compared with traditional MOSFET table models, on-demand spline table models use ∼500X less memory. This makes Hermite spline-based table models practical for use in simulations for process variation modeling. Furthermore, we propose an efficient gate voltage offset approach to model transistor threshold voltage variation. In this scenario, evaluations of the transistor model rely on a single reference table and require one set of spline function evaluations per V T sample point as opposed to two or more sets for V T interpolation. This method is comprehensive and the results are in excellent agreement with traditional BSIM-based simulations. Around 4X improvement in speed, which includes the table generation cost, could be further improved by employing other fast-SPICE techniques or parallelism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time such a methodology has been coupled with importance sampling techniques to study the yield of memory designs.
Efficient three-color white organic light-emitting diodes with a spaced multilayer emitting structure (2015)

By employing a spaced multilayer structure in a uniformly mixed P and N co-host, we developed a three-color white organic light emitting device with a stable Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage coordinates insensitive to the applied bias voltage. This insensitivity was achieved by suppressing the exciton quenching and shifting recombination zone effectively. Besides the achieved stable color coordinates of (0.411 ± 0.007, 0.382 ± 0.003), a high power efficiency of 30.7 lm/W and high color rendering index &amp;gt;80 were realized simultaneously.
Challenges to realizing deep-UV AlGaN-based lasers (2016)

Optical sources that emit in the deep-UV spectral regime have applications that include chemical/biochemical detection, water purification, surface decontamination, medical diagnostics and treatment, non-line-of-sight communication, and materials curing. A particularly challenging application is for a deep-UV laser source to enable point-of-need identification of bio-chemicals by Raman spectroscopy, which requires select wavelengths (<;240nm), high power, and high beam quality in a compact, rugged system. The AlGaN semiconductor material system offers a promising path to realizing such a system, with direct access to the emission wavelengths of interest and demonstrated growth of multi-quantum-well heterostructures of high crystalline quality.
MONITORING OF THE HARDENING OF CONCRETE/MORTAR USING PLASTIC OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS: FUNDAMENTAL EXPERIMENT AND DATA INTERPRETATION (2022)

In the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) of tunnel design and construction, it is important to know the actual compressive strength of lining concrete at early ages, which determines the time of demolding and its future durability. The degree of hydration reaction of in-place concrete is regarded as a useful reference to estimate the development of the strength of concrete. Based on the concept of On-Site Visualization, this paper presents a new approach to monitoring the hardening progress of fresh concrete/mortar using plastic optical fiber (POF) sensors. The principle of sensing is illustrated conceptually. The fundamental experiments were carried out to investigate the change in the visible light intensity reflected from the sensing plane of POF sensor during the hydration of concrete/mortar at early ages. The typical influence factors were also studied. The hydration process of concrete/mortar at early ages was well observed by the POF sensors. The direction of POF sensor installation had a significant effect on the pattern of light intensity change. When the sensor was installed pointing downwards, the light intensity dropped at first but increased rapidly in a few hours, which indicated the phase evolution when the free water disappeared in the hardening concrete/mortar. While the sensor was set up pointing upwards, the light intensity dropped in the first stage and then grew up slowly with time. Furthermore, the hydration process of concrete was characterized by introducing the nominal refractive index (NRI), which could be calculated from the measured light intensity. Thus, the hydration of concrete could be divided into three stages approximately according to the curve of NRI of concrete (when the sensor was installed pointing upwards), which coincided with the common knowledge of the concrete hydration process. Finally, the future work is discussed briefly.
Legless Locomotion: A Novel Locomotion Technique for Legged Robots (2008)

We present a novel locomotion strategy called legless locomotion that allows a round-bodied legged robot to locomote approximately when it is high-centered. Typically, a high-centered robot is stuck since the robot's legs do not touch the ground. Legless locomotion uses the legs as a reaction mass to set up oscillatory body rotations which when coupled with ground contact gradually translate the robot. Legless locomotion's continuous dynamics differs from previously studied locomotion methods because of the simultaneous interaction of gravity-induced oscillations, a configuration-dependent system inertia, and non-holonomic contact constraints. This paper employs simple models to capture the complex dynamics and uses the intuition developed from the models to develop gaits that provide planar accessibility. We also present a quantification of leg less locomotion's properties using simulations and motion-capture experiments.
T 3/7 Hopping Conductivity in a Class of Disordered Systems (1987)

We present a new mechanism which induces a thermally activated hopping-conductivity law exp[−(T0/T)α], with α close to 1/2 without Coulomb interactions. In fact α = 3/7 independently of the dimension. We argue that this mechanism solves some old puzzles for systems not too far from percolation threshold such as granular materials and should apply to various systems as long as intercluster tunnelling is negligible. The result relies on the superlocalization property of wave functions on incipient percolation clusters.