gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a robust transient expression screening system in protoplasts of Cannabis (2021)

Abstract Transient expression systems in mesophyll protoplasts have been utilised in many plant species as an indispensable tool for gene function analysis and efficacious genome editing constructs. However, such a system has not been developed in Cannabis due to the recalcitrant nature of the plant to tissue culture as well as its illegal status for many years. In this study, young expanding leaves from aseptic in vitro Cannabis explants were used for protoplast isolation. Factorial designs were used to optimise variables in viable protoplast isolation and transient expression of GFP, with a range analyses performed to determine, and quantify, significantly impacting variables. Viable protoplast yields as high as 5.7 × 10 6 were achieved with 2.5% ( w/v ) Cellulase R-10, 0.3% ( w/v ) Macerozyme R-10 and 0.7 M mannitol, incubated for 16 h. As indicated by the transient expression of GFP, efficiency reached 23.2% with 30 μg plasmid, 50% PEG, 1 × 10 6 protoplasts and a transfection duration of 20 min. Application of the optimised protocol for protoplast isolation was successfully evaluated on three subsequent unrelated genotypes to highlight the robustness and broad applicability of the developed technique.
Hexaphenylbenzene Derivatives for Blue Organic Light-emitting Devices (2007)

Abstract Novel hexaphenylbenzene derivatives having high triplet energy levels were synthesized and used in blue organic electrophosphorescent devices. The device with a blue phosphorescent emitter, iridium(III) bis[(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridinato-N,C2′]-picolinate, exhibited a high external quantum efficiency of 11% (24 cd/A) and a high power efficiency of 12 lm/W at 100 cd/m2.
Exile and Social Thought: Hungarian Intellectuals in Germany and Austria, 1919-1933. By Lee Congdon. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. xvi, 376 pp. Index. Illustrations. $29.95, hard bound. (1994)

Exile and Social Thought: Hungarian Intellectuals in Germany and Austria, 1919-1933. By Lee Congdon. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991. xvi, 376 pp. Index. Illustrations. $29.95, hard bound. - Volume 53 Issue 1
Optimum and heuristic algorithms for an approach to finite state machine decomposition (1991)

Optimum and heuristic algorithms for the general decomposition of finite state machines (FSMs) such that the sum total of the number of product terms in the one-hot-coded and logic-minimized submachines is minimum or minimal are presented. This cost function is much more reflective of the area of an optimally state-assigned and minimized submachine than the number of states/edges in the submachine. The problem of optimum two-way FSM decomposition is formulated as one of symbolic output partitioning, and it is shown that this is an easier problem than optimum state assignment. A procedure of constrained prime implicant generation and covering that represents an optimum FSM decomposition algorithm, under the specified cost function, is described. It is shown that by means of this formulation, arbitrary decomposition topologies can be targeted by suitably modifying the constraints on the ability to encode during the covering. A novel iterative optimization strategy of symbolic implicant expansion and reduction, modified from two-level Boolean minimizers, that represents a heuristic algorithm based on the exact procedure is presented. Reduction and expansion are performed on functions with symbolic rather than binary-valued outputs. Preliminary experimental results that illustrate both the efficacy of the proposed algorithms and the validity of the selected cost function are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay of potato virus M with monoclonal antibodies (1989)

Summary Mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for potato virus M (PVM) were prepared and the properties of three of them were studied. MAb M4C1 is IgG2b, it binds with high affinity to PVM coat protein, to purified virus preparations and recognises PVM in infected potato leaves and tubers. MAb M6D5 is IgG2a and also reacts with PVM coat protein, purified PVM and with PVM in potato leaf and tuber extracts. In double‐antibody sandwich ELISA (DAS ELISA) MAbs M4C1 and M6D5 reacted with all 17 PVM isolates tested. MAb M7 is IgG2b and recognises PVM only in indirect dot ELISA on nitrocellulose filters and viral coat protein on Western blots. MAbs against PVM were used as capture antibodies and europium‐labelled MAbs as conjugates in time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (EuTRFIA). The standard EuTRFIA curve of PVM detection is approximately linear over a range of PVM concentrations from 0.5 ng/ml to 1000 ng/ml. The lowest PVM concentration detectable in EuTRFIA was 0.5 ng/ml and correspondingly 6 ng/ml in DAS ELISA. The use of the europium chelate label allows PVM detection in potato leaf and tuber sap at dilutions greater than 10 ‐ ‐ 4 with very low background fluorescence. EuTRFIA with MAbs, with either one or two incubations is about 10–20 times more sensitive for PVM detection than is DAS ELISA. PVM and PVX, mixed with healthy potato tuber sap, were simultaneously tested in a single sample at concentrations lower than 10 ng/ml by double‐label TRFIA using europium‐labelled MAbs to PVM and samarium‐labelled MAbs to PVX.
Stretchable Dual-Capacitor Multi-Sensor for Touch-Curvature-Pressure-Strain Sensing (2017)

We introduce a new type of multi-functional capacitive sensor that can sense several different external stimuli. It is fabricated only with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films and silver nanowire electrodes by using selective oxygen plasma treatment method without photolithography and etching processes. Differently from the conventional single-capacitor multi-functional sensors, our new multi-functional sensor is composed of two vertically-stacked capacitors (dual-capacitor). The unique dual-capacitor structure can detect the type and strength of external stimuli including curvature, pressure, strain, and touch with clear distinction, and it can also detect the surface-normal directionality of curvature, pressure, and touch. Meanwhile, the conventional single-capacitor sensor has ambiguity in distinguishing curvature and pressure and it can detect only the strength of external stimulus. The type, directionality, and strength of external stimulus can be determined based on the relative capacitance changes of the two stacked capacitors. Additionally, the logical flow reflected on a tree structure with its branches reaching the direction and strength of the corresponding external stimulus unambiguously is devised. This logical flow can be readily implemented in the sensor driving circuit if the dual-capacitor sensor is commercialized actually in the future.
Technical challenges of quantitative chest MRI data analysis in a large cohort pediatric study (2018)

• Geometric distortion varies according to MRI setting and patient positioning. • Automated segmentation methods allow fast and accurate lung volume quantification. • MRI is a valid radiation-free alternative to CT for quantitative data analysis.
Total Synthesis of the Unusual Marine Alkaloid (−)-Papuamine Utilizing a Novel Imino Ene Reaction J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10905−10913 (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTTotal Synthesis of the Unusual Marine Alkaloid (−)-Papuamine Utilizing a Novel Imino Ene Reaction J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 10905−10913Robert M. Borzilleri, Steven M. Weinreb, and Masood ParvezCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9, 2309Publication Date (Web):March 6, 1996Publication History Published online6 March 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja965400uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja965400ucorrectionACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views508Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (27 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnetic Shielding of an Electron Beamline in a Hadron Accelerator Enclosure (2006)

The Fermilab Electron Cooling Project requires the operation of a 4.34 MeV electron beam in the same enclosure that houses the 120, 150 GeV Main Injector. Effective shielding of the magnetic fields from the ramped electrical busses and local static fields is necessary to maintain the high beam quality and recirculation efficiency required by the electron cooling system. This paper discusses the operational tolerances and the design of the beamline shielding, bus design, and bus shielding as well as experimental results from the prototype and final installation.
Characterization of Atmospheric Turbulence Effects Over 149 km Propagation Path Using Multi-Wavelength Laser Beacons (2010)

Abstract : We describe preliminary results of a set of laser beam propagation experiments performed over a long (149 km) near-horizontal propagation path between Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island) and Haleakala (Island of Maui) mountains in February 2010. The distinctive feature of the experimental campaign referred to here as the Coherent Multi-Beam Atmospheric Transceiver (COMBAT) experiments is that the measurements of the atmospheric-turbulence induced laser beam intensity scintillations at the receiver telescope aperture were obtained simultaneously using three laser sources (laser beacons) with different wavelengths. The presented experimental results on intensity scintillation characteristics reveal complexity of the observed phenomena that cannot be fully explained based on the existing atmospheric turbulence models.
Fluoroscopy with an enlarged image (1957)

Comparisons of attainable sensitivity have been made between two types of fluoroscopic set, one having an ultra-fine focus tube used with projective magnification and the other a conventional high current tube used with the specimen close to the screen. A marked gain in sensitivity was obtained with the former, values better than 1½% being obtained over a range of thickness of aluminium, and better than 3% on steel, using wire penetrameters.
Landscape of X chromosome inactivation across human tissues (2017)

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) silences transcription from one of the two X chromosomes in female mammalian cells to balance expression dosage between XX females and XY males. XCI is, however, incomplete in humans: up to one-third of X-chromosomal genes are expressed from both the active and inactive X chromosomes (Xa and Xi, respectively) in female cells, with the degree of 'escape' from inactivation varying between genes and individuals. The extent to which XCI is shared between cells and tissues remains poorly characterized, as does the degree to which incomplete XCI manifests as detectable sex differences in gene expression and phenotypic traits. Here we describe a systematic survey of XCI, integrating over 5,500 transcriptomes from 449 individuals spanning 29 tissues from GTEx (v6p release) and 940 single-cell transcriptomes, combined with genomic sequence data. We show that XCI at 683 X-chromosomal genes is generally uniform across human tissues, but identify examples of heterogeneity between tissues, individuals and cells. We show that incomplete XCI affects at least 23% of X-chromosomal genes, identify seven genes that escape XCI with support from multiple lines of evidence and demonstrate that escape from XCI results in sex biases in gene expression, establishing incomplete XCI as a mechanism that is likely to introduce phenotypic diversity. Overall, this updated catalogue of XCI across human tissues helps to increase our understanding of the extent and impact of the incompleteness in the maintenance of XCI.
Experiments for Online Estimation of Heavy Vehicle’s Mass and Time-Varying Road Grade (2003)

In this paper application of recursive least squares with multiple forgetting factors is explained for online estimation of Heavy Duty Vehicle mass and road grade. The test data is obtained from highway experiments with a Freightliner truck. The experimental setup is explained in detail. This data is used to validate the longitudinal dynamics model of the truck. Then two distinct driving cycles are used to investigate the performance of the mass and grade estimation scheme. In he first scheme no gear shift occurs and the only concern is persistence of excitations. It is shown that if the excitations are persistent, mass and time-varying grade are estimated with good accuracy. In the second cycle gearshifts occur and the challenge is the unmodelled dynamics during gearshifts which cause large overshoots in the estimates. A method is proposed to circumvent this problem and good estimation results are shown with this provision.
Liquid Metal Actuators: A Comparative Analysis of Surface Tension Controlled Actuation (2023)

Liquid metals, with their unique combination of electrical and mechanical properties, offer great opportunities for actuation based on surface tension modulation. Thanks to the scaling laws of surface tension, which can be electrochemically controlled at low voltages, liquid metal actuators stand out from other soft actuators for their remarkable characteristics such as high contractile strain rates and higher work densities at smaller length scales. This review summarizes the principles of liquid metal actuators and discusses their performance as well as theoretical pathways toward higher performances. The objective is to provide a comparative analysis of the ongoing development of liquid metal actuators. The design principles of the liquid metal actuators are analyzed, including low-level elemental principles (kinematics and electrochemistry), mid-level structural principles (reversibility, integrity, and scalability), and high-level functionalities. A wide range of practical use cases of liquid metal actuators from robotic locomotion and object manipulation to logic and computation is reviewed. From an energy perspective, strategies are compared for coupling the liquid metal actuators with an energy source toward fully untethered robots. The review concludes by offering a roadmap of future research directions of liquid metal actuators.
Evidence of Changes in Protease Sensitivity and Subunit Exchange Rate on DNA Binding by C/EBP (1990)

The transcription factor C/EBP uses a bipartite structural motif to bind DNA. Two protein chains dimerize through a set of amphipathic alpha helices termed the leucine zipper. Highly basic polypeptide regions emerge from the zipper to form a linked set of DNA contact surfaces. In the recently proposed a "scissors grip" model, the paired set of basic regions begin DNA contact at a central point and track in opposite directions along the major groove, forming a molecular clamp around DNA. This model predicts that C/EBP must undertake significant changes in protein conformation as it binds and releases DNA. The basic region of ligand-free C/EBP is highly sensitive to protease digestion. Pronounced resistance to proteolysis occurred when C/EBP associated with its specific DNA substrate. Sequencing of discrete proteolytic fragments showed that prominent sites for proteolysis occur at two junction points predicted by the "scissors grip" model. One junction corresponds to the cleft where the basic regions emerge from the leucine zipper. The other corresponds to a localized nonhelical segment that has been hypothesized to contain an N-cap and facilitate the sharp angulation necessary for the basic region to track continuously in the major groove of DNA.
Supplementary Table S1 from NMS-E973, a Novel Synthetic Inhibitor of Hsp90 with Activity against Multiple Models of Drug Resistance to Targeted Agents, Including Intracranial Metastases (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1 - PDF file 94K, Antiproliferative activity of NMS-E973&lt;/p&gt;
Modification of human long‐term bone marrow cultures: Establishment of a functional stromal microenvironment devoid of myeloid progenitors (1992)

Differences in the plastic adhesive properties of bone marrow (BM) cells were used to initiate modified stromal layers (MSL) from long-term cultures by removing non-adherent cells shortly (4 to 18 hours) after initial seeding. Following this early modification, adherent cells generated a confluent layer after 21 days of culture. Cellular characteristics of volume and spontaneous fluorescence determined by flow cytometry showed that the MSL included 82% fibroblastic stromal cells, 8% macrophages and 10% myelomonocytic cells. Furthermore, clonogenic assays revealed that the MSL were devoid of hematopoietic progenitor cells. MSL were found to sustain long-term myelopoiesis for at least 7 weeks from exogenously added hematopoietic progenitors isolated from bone marrow (CD34+ cells), thereby demonstrating their functionality. The present experimental model appears of interest for the study of interactions between defined populations of hematopoietic cells and cells of the adherent layer. Of importance, our present modifications of human long-term bone marrow culture are technically simple and do not involve manipulation of the stromal cells.
A New, Highly Selective, Free-Radical Aerobic Oxidation of Silanes to Silanols Catalysed by N-Hydroxyphthalimide under Mild Conditions. (2002)

Silanes are oxidised to silanols by molecular oxygen, under N-hydroxyphthalimide and Co(II) catalysis, under very mild conditions and in good yields and selectivily. The reaction proceeds through the superimposition of a redox chain to a free-radical chain reaction.
Empirical validation of the buckley-osthus model for the web host graph (2012)

We consider the Buckley-Osthus implementation of preferential attachment and its ability to model the web host graph in two aspects. One is the degree distribution that we observe to follow the power law, as often being the case for real-world graphs. Another one is the two-dimensional edge distribution, the number of edges between vertices of given degrees. We fit a single "initial attractiveness" parameter a of the model, first with respect to the degree distribution of the web host graph, and then, absolutely independently, with respect to the edge distribution. Surprisingly, the values of a we obtain turn out to be nearly the same. Therefore the same model with the same value of the parameter a fits very well the two independent and basic aspects of the web host graph. In addition, we demonstrate that other models completely lack the asymptotic behavior of the edge distribution of the web host graph, even when accurately capturing the degree distribution.
Inhibition of N-type calcium ion channels by tricyclic antidepressants – experimental and theoretical justification for their use for neuropathic pain (2021)

A number of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are commonly prescribed off-label for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The blockade of neuronal calcium ion channels is often invoked to partially explain the analgesic activity of TCAs, but there has been very limited experimental or theoretical evidence reported to support this assertion. The N-type calcium ion channel (Ca<sub>V</sub>2.2) is a well-established target for the treatment of neuropathic pain and in this study a series of eleven TCAs and two closely related drugs were shown to be moderately effective inhibitors of this channel when endogenously expressed in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line. A homology model of the channel, which matches closely a recently reported Cryo-EM structure, was used to investigate <i>via</i> docking and molecular dynamics experiments the possible mode of inhibition of Ca<sub>V</sub>2.2 channels by TCAs. Two closely related binding modes, that occur in the channel cavity that exists between the selectivity filter and the internal gate, were identified. The TCAs are predicted to position themselves such that their ammonium side chains interfere with the selectivity filter, with some, such as amitriptyline, also appearing to hinder the channel's ability to open. This study provides the most comprehensive evidence to date that supports the notion that the blockade of neuronal calcium ion channels by TCAs is at least partially responsible for their analgesic effect.
Solvent-modulated reactivity of PCl3 with amines (2008)

The reactivity of phosphorus trichloride towards amines in ionic liquids has been investigated and compared with that in conventional organic solvents. In addition to easing the synthetic procedures thus far required for the preparation of aminochlorophosphines in molecular solvents, for example the ability to operate at 20 °C, under non-anhydrous and high concentration conditions with short reaction times and rapid addition of reagents, bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl}imide-based ionic liquids offer a tight control over the selectivity during the reaction and offer access to monoamination and bisamination products in high yields and chemoselectively. Furthermore, these ionic liquids offer a unique storage medium for these highly moisture sensitive aminochlorophosphines.
Redox equilibrium of a zwitterionic radical polymer in a non-aqueous electrolyte as a novel Li+ host material in a Li-ion battery (2013)

Poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy-4-yl methacrylate-co-styrenesulfonate) was prepared and utilized as a Li+ host material for a cathode in a Li-ion battery. The polymer allowed high density incorporation of the Li+ ion per repeating unit at a positive redox potential near 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Redox equilibrium involving the Li+ migration was proved by the theoretical approach based on the Nernst equation as well as a microgravimetry analysis using an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance technique. A cell fabricated with the polymer as the cathode-active material showed a high power rate capability with an average discharging potential near 3.9 V vs. the lithium metal anode.
Development of Tapeless Lead-On-Chip (LOC) Packaging Process with I-Line Photosensitive Polyimide (1997)

A double-sided adhesive tape is typically used as an insulator and mechanical buffer layer between the chip and lead frame in lead-on-chip (LOC) packages. The costs associated with the lead frame and tape process make the current LOC package more expensive than conventional packaging. A new tapeless LOC package process has been developed which significantly reduces the production costs. In this new process, the tape is replaced by a I-line photosensitive thermosetting polyimide layer coated on the passivation deposited wafer. This paper describes the optimum material properties for the polyimide, the fabrication process parameters, and the experimental and simulated reliability and performance results of the tapeless LOC package.
FPGA-based 112Gb/s coherent DP-QPSK receiver and multi-stage PMD-PDL emulator for fast evaluation of digital signal processing algorithms (2010)

We developed an FPGA based 112Gb/s coherent DP-QPSK receiver and a multi-stage PMD-PDL emulator that resembles real fibre conditions. Long-term, low penalty signal reception under severe PMD (31.2ps mean) and PDL (1.3dB mean) is experimentally demonstrated.