gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Photovoltage-Induced Ultralow Work Function Material for Thermionic Energy Converters (2019)

Low work function materials are essential for efficient thermionic energy converters (TECs), electronics, and electron emission devices. Much effort has been put into finding thermally stable material combinations that exhibit low work functions. Submonolayer coatings of alkali metals have proven to significantly reduce the work function; however, a work function less than 1 eV has not been reached. We report a record-low work function of 0.70 eV by inducing a surface photovoltage (SPV) in an n-type semiconductor with an alkali metal coating. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy indicates a work function of 1.06 eV for cesium/oxygen-activated GaAs consistent with density functional theory model predictions. By illuminating with a 532 nm laser we induce an additional shift down to 0.70 eV due to the SPV. Further, we apply the SPV to the collector of an experimental TEC and demonstrate an <i>I</i>-<i>V</i> curve shift consistent with the collector work function reduction. This method opens an avenue toward efficient TECs and next-generation electron emission devices.
Progress and challenges in industrial fabrication of wafer-fused VCSELs emitting in the 1310 nm band for high speed wavelength division multiplexing applications (2013)

Building coarse wavelength division multiplexing (WDM), 4&times;10 Gbps VCSEL transmitter modules has the promise for dramatic decreasing power consumption. Over the last years, we have demonstrated continuous improvements of parameters and reliability of wafer fused long-wavelength VCSELs. Progress and challenges in industrial fabrication of wafer-fused VCSELs emitting in the 1310 nm band for high speed WDM applications are reviewed.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy Outcome of Stage I Testicular Seminoma: A Single Institution Study (2014)

Patients with stage I seminoma were safely treated with PA-only radiotherapy with no pelvic failure. Optimal fractionation schedule needs to be explored further in order to minimize treatment-related toxicity.
A phase 2a trial investigating ninerafaxstat – a novel cardiac mitotrope for the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy (IMPROVE-DiCE) (2022)

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a significant, independent contributor to the development of heart failure (HF), driven by energetic, metabolic, structural and functional myocardial changes. The T2D heart is characterised by over-reliance on fatty acid utilisation, shows reduced glucose oxidation and inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). This results in a diminished myocardial energy reserve and blunted adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation as well as cardiac steatosis, contributing to lipotoxicity, and diastolic dysfunction. Purpose We assessed the effects of ninerafaxstat – a novel cardiac mitotrope designed to shift myocardial substrate utilisation in favour of glucose and thus, restore myocardial energy homeostasis – on cardiac metabolism &amp; diastolic function in patients with T2D and obesity. Methods In this open-label, mechanistic phase 2a trial, we enrolled 21 patients with T2D &amp; obesity (HbA1c median 7.0% (IQR 6.6, 7.8), weight 97kg (90, 102)) and subsequently treated them with 200mg ninerafaxstat twice daily for 4 or 8 weeks; (Fig. 1). Cardiac metabolism and function were assessed pre- &amp; post-treatment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 31P-, 1H- and, in a subset of n=9, hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate MR spectroscopy. Results T2D patients at baseline presented with impaired myocardial energetics with a markedly reduced PCr/ATP (1.6 [1.4, 2.1]), myocardial steatosis (myocardial triglycerides 2.2% [1.5, 3.2]) left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LV mass 130g [98, 152]), and diastolic dysfunction (peak diastolic strain rate 0.86 1/s [0.82, 1.06]). Ninerafaxstat significantly improved myocardial energetics (PCr/ATP median by 32%, p&amp;lt;0.01), reduced myocardial triglyceride content (by 34%, p=0.03) and improved LV diastolic function (peak circumferential diastolic strain rate by 10%, peak LV filling rate by 11%, both p&amp;lt;0.05) (Fig. 2). PDH flux was increased in 7/9 subjects (mean 45%, p=0.08), consistent with improved glucose utilisation. Left ventricular volumes and mass, heart rate and blood pressure remained unchanged. Conclusions Treatment with ninerafaxstat significantly improves myocardial energetics, reduces myocardial steatosis and improves diastolic function in patients with T2D and obesity. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Imbria Pharmaaceuticals
Cross-correlated imaging of distributed mode filtering rod fiber (2013)

We analyze the modal properties of an 85μm core distributed mode filtering rod fiber using cross-correlated (C2) imaging. We evaluate suppression of higher-order modes (HOMs) under severely misaligned mode excitation and identify a single-mode regime where HOMs are suppressed by more than 20dB.
Metabolism-based covalent bonding of the heme prosthetic group to its apoprotein during the reductive debromination of BrCCl3 by myoglobin. (1990)

The reductive metabolism of BrCCl3 by ferrous myoglobin leads to the alteration of the prosthetic heme to form products that can be dissociated from the protein and to those that are irreversibly bound to the protein. The major dissociable or soluble heme metabolites have recently been characterized. In this study, the irreversibly bound heme product was characterized by Edman degradation, amino acid analysis, and electronic absorption and mass spectrometry of peptides derived from the altered protein. It was found that the prosthetic heme was modified by a CCl2 moiety derived from BrCCl3 and was covalently bound to histidine residue 93, the normal proximal ligand to the heme-iron. The data are consistent with a mechanism by which the trichloromethyl radical reacts with the heme to form an intermediate that either can alkylate the proximal histidine residue or form soluble metabolites. The covalent bonding of the heme prosthetic moiety to the apoprotein likely leads to a change in the tertiary structure of the protein that may be responsible for its altered catalytic activity as well as its enhanced susceptibility to proteolysis. Similar processes may account, at least in part, for the covalent alteration of the heme prosthetic group of other hemoproteins caused by xenobiotics and endogenous substrates.
Dynamic regulation of Th17 differentiation by oxygen concentrations (2011)

Naive CD4+ T cells are activated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and differentiate into distinct types of helper T (Th) cells in the lymph node or spleen. Oxygen (O2) tension is generally low in these secondary lymphoid tissues compared with the bloodstream or atmosphere. However, the effect of changes in O2 concentration on the differentiation of Th cells remains unclear. Here, we established a novel model of Th-cell differentiation, which mimics physiological O2 conditions. We primed naive CD4+ T cells under 5% O2, which has been observed in the lymph node or spleen and reoxygenated under normoxia that mimicked the O2 concentration in blood. In this model, the differentiation of Th17 cells, but not Th1 or iTreg cells, was enhanced. Under the condition of 5% O2, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) was activated and led to the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) in Th17 cells. The activation of mTORC1 and the acceleration of Th17-cell differentiation, which occurred when cells were primed under 5% O2, were not observed in the absence of HIF-1α but were accelerated in the absence of von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor protein (vHL), a factor critical for HIF-1α degradation. Thus, a positive feedback loop between HIF-1α and mTORC1 induced by hypoxia followed by reoxygenation accelerates Th17-cell differentiation.
Walnut extract (Juglans regia L.) and its component ellagic acid exhibit anti-inflammatory activity in human aorta endothelial cells and osteoblastic activity in the cell line KS483 (2007)

Epidemiological studies suggest that the incidence of CVD and postmenopausal osteoporosis is low in the Mediterranean area, where herbs and nuts, among others, play an important role in nutrition. In the present study, we sought a role of walnuts (Juglans regia L.) in endothelial and bone-cell function. As the endothelial cell expression of adhesion molecules has been recognised as an early step in inflammation and atherogenesis, we examined the effect of walnut methanolic extract and ellagic acid, one of its major polyphenolic components (as shown by HPLC analysis), on the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 in human aortic endothelial cells. After incubating the cells with TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml) in the absence and in the presence of walnut extract (10-200 microg/ml) or ellagic acid (10- 7-10- 5 m), the VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression was quantified by cell-ELISA. We further evaluated the effect of walnut extract (10-50 microg/ml), in comparison with ellagic acid (10- 9-10- 6m), on nodule formation in the osteoblastic cell line KS483. Walnut extract and ellagic acid decreased significantly the TNF-alpha-induced endothelial expression of both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (P < 0.01; P < 0.001). Both walnut extract (at 10-25 microg/ml) and ellagic acid (at 10- 9-10- 8 m) induced nodule formation in KS483 osteoblasts. The present results suggest that the walnut extract has a high anti-atherogenic potential and a remarkable osteoblastic activity, an effect mediated, at least in part, by its major component ellagic acid. Such findings implicate the beneficial effect of a walnut-enriched diet on cardioprotection and bone loss.
An advanced optical diagnostic technique of IBM z990 eserver microprocessor (2006)

In this paper, we describe an advanced optical diagnostic technique used for diagnosing the IBM z990 eServer microprocessor (Slegel et al., 2004). Time-to-market pressure demands quick diagnostic turnaround time and high diagnostic resolution while the ever increasing design complexity, density, cycle time, and shrinking technologies dramatically add difficulties to diagnostics. Although design-for-test (DFT) and design-for-diagnostics (DFD) features are implemented in the latest microprocessors to help easing the diagnostic efforts, they may still not be sufficient to diagnose certain fails. The well-known picosecond imaging circuit analysis (PICA) (Kash and Tsang, 1997) tool, equipped with the high quantum efficiency superconducting single-photon detector (SSPD,) shows a unique diagnostic capability for optically probing the internal nodes of a chip. Several hard-to-diagnose examples will be used to demonstrate the unique capabilities of this technique
Performance investigation of an ambiguity function-shaped waveform (AFSW) using a photonics-based radar system (2023)

In this work, we investigate the performance of an ambiguity function-shaped waveform (AFSW) using a millimeter-wave photonics-based radar system at 100 GHz. An AFSW is a radar waveform whose ambiguity function can be shaped to increase the peak-to-sidelobe ratio (PSR) for better detectability of targets in a desired range/velocity region. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first in the literature that investigates the performance of such a waveform in a photonics-based radar system. We experimentally compare the AFSW performance to the conventional frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW). The experimental results show the ability of the AFSW to achieve a PSR of 38.35 dB compared to the PSR of 14.5 dB obtained using the conventional FMCW. Moreover, we investigate the effects of some optical system impairments on the AFSW, such as: (i) optical modulator nonlinearity, (ii) optical modulator bias drift, and (iii) sampling offset error between the transmitter and receiver.
Interactive video segmentation supported by multiple modalities, with an application to depth maps (2012)

In this paper we propose an interactive method for the segmentation of objects in video. We aim to exploit multiple modalities to reduce the dependency on color discrimination alone. Given an initial segmentation for the first and last frame of a video sequence, we aim to propagate the segmentation to the intermediate frames of the sequence. Video frames are first segmented into superpixels. The segmentation propagation is then regarded as a superpixels labeling problem. The problem is formulated as an energy minimization problem which can be solved efficiently. Higher-order energy terms are included to represent temporal constraints. Our proposed method is interactive, to ensure correct propagation and relabel incorrectly labeled superpixels. As a final step the initial segmentation boundaries are refined to obtain accurate object boundaries. We then exploit these object boundaries in an application for computing depth maps.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Cluster Catalysis: Preparation and Catalytic Properties of Anionic Triruthenium Clusters Anchored to Functionalized Silica. (1986)

Abstract Der anionische Triruthenium‐ Cluster [Ru3H(CO)"]′ wird an mit Ammonium‐ oder Pyridiniumfunktionen modifizierten Silicageloberflächen gebunden, wie das Reaktionsschema demonstriert, und als Katalysator für die Wassergasverschiebungsreaktion und für die Hydrierung von Ethylen sowie CO verwendet.
Head‐only21MHzradiofrequency exposure system design and implementation (2020)

In this work a 21 MHz radiofrequency (RF) exposure system was designed, constructed and evaluated as a testing platform for MRI device safety. The exposure system consisted of a birdcage coil powered in quadrature by a power system consisting of a hybrid coupler, a power splitter, a phase shifter and two baluns. The birdcage coil was designed as a low-pass 16 rung coil. Both the coil and the power system were fabricated as printed circuit boards with a copper thickness of 205.7 μm and a G10 substrate thickness of 581.7 μm. The birdcage was assembled by wrapping the copper clad G10 inside of an acrylic tube. A shield for the coil was created as a cylindrical ground plane with a diameter of 39.7 cm. The birdcage and the power system were simulated in ADS and EMPro, Keysight Technologies Inc. both as lumped elements and using full wave 3D simulations. Simulation results were compared to measurements of the produced components to validate each component and entire system. In addition, a 3D magnetic field probe was developed to measure and compare the fields to analytical and numerical calculations.
Turning Proceedings Articles into Archival, Peer-Reviewed Papers (2006)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Hybrid beamforming for single-user MIMO with partially connected RF architecture (2017)

Hybrid analog-digital beamforming has been recognized as a promising solution for a practical implementation of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems based on millimeter-wave technology. In this paper, three hybrid beamforming algorithms are proposed for single-user MIMO systems with partially connected radio frequency (RF) architecture, including a singular value decomposition (SVD) matching algorithm, an iterative orthogonalization algorithm, and a transmit-receive zero forcing (ZF) algorithm. The rate performance of the proposed algorithms is compared with fully digital and analog beamforming in a realistic geometry-based stochastic channel model. The simulation results show that the transmit-receive ZF is superior among hybrid methods, and it provides performance relatively close to that of the digital beamforming. In conclusion, carefully designed partially connected hybrid beamforming can obtain an excellent balance between hardware complexity and performance.
Structural Investigation of B-Raf Paradox Breaker and Inducer Inhibitors (2015)

The V600E missense mutation in B-Raf kinase leads to an anomalous regulation of the MAPK pathway, uncontrolled cell proliferation, and initiation of tumorigenesis. While the ATP-competitive B-Raf inhibitors block the MAPK pathway in B-Raf mutant cells, they induce conformational changes to wild-type B-Raf kinase domain leading to heterodimerization with C-Raf causing a paradoxical hyperactivation of MAPK pathway. A new class of inhibitors (paradox breakers) has been developed that inhibit B-Raf(V600E) activity without agonistically affecting the MAPK pathway in wild-type B-Raf cells. In this study, we explore the structural, conformational, and cellular effects on the B-Raf kinase domain upon binding of paradox breakers and inducers. Our results indicate that a subtle structural difference between paradox inducers and breakers leads to significant conformational differences when complexed with B-Raf. This study provides a novel insight into the activation of B-Raf by ATP-competitive inhibitors and can aid in the design of more potent and selective inhibitors without agonistic function.
Practical Deployment Considerations (2012)

There are numerous reasons for making in-service changes to network configuration; one important reason is to modify how the traffic matrix is distributed within the network in order to relieve “hot spots”. The chapter discusses two dual-homing techniques, the first of which is a “minimum resource” approach, and the second offers “minimum visibility”. Although shared segment is reasonable to ignore a physical multiple access LAN segment when nearly all physical connectivity is fiber, an Shortest Path Bridging (SPB) overlay of an emulated LAN segment is a real deployment scenario. The chapter first explains how Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS - IS) itself already supports LAN segments and then enumerate the potential looping challenges in the forwarding plane which LAN segments present. It then concludes by outlining the extensions to Ethernet needed to mitigate these issues. Controlled Vocabulary Terms Ethernet networks
Ovine abortion and stillbirth investigations in Australia (2020)

Fetal loss and lamb mortality between mid-pregnancy and weaning are important economic and welfare issues for the Australian sheep industry. The aim of this study was to determine common causes of ovine abortion and stillbirths based on submissions to veterinary laboratories and identify factors that impact the determination of an aetiological diagnosis. Data for 529 investigations on abortion or stillbirth between 2000 and 2018 were retrieved from four state veterinary laboratories in Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria and Tasmania. An aetiological diagnosis was made for 57% of investigations. Investigations that included placental tissue samples were more than twice as likely to have an aetiological diagnosis compared to investigations without placenta (P = 0.017, 95% confidence interval 1.1, 4.5). Of the investigations where an aetiological diagnosis was made, 81% involved infectious abortion, with Campylobacter spp. (32%), Listeria spp. (25%) and Toxoplasma gondii (9%) being the three most common abortigenic pathogens implicated. The remaining 19% of investigations with an aetiological diagnosis included a wide range of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Diagnoses made varied year to year and between states. No evidence of exotic abortigenic pathogens were reported. Veterinary practitioners can improve the probability of an aetiological diagnosis by emphasising to farmers the importance of collecting any aborted material, especially placenta, and appropriate storage of the tissues until they can be submitted to the laboratory. Some diseases that cause abortion in Australian sheep have zoonotic potential, and veterinary practitioners play an important role in educating clients about appropriate hygiene when handling pregnant and lambing ewes or any aborted material.
Efficient Charge Generation Via Hole Transfer in Dilute Organic Donor-Fullerene Blends (2019)

Efficient organic photovoltaics (OPVs) require broadband charge photogeneration with near-unity quantum yield. This can only be achieved by exploiting all pathways that generate charge. Electron transfer from organic donors to acceptors has been well-studied and is considered the primary path to charge photogeneration in OPVs. In contrast, much less is known about the hole transfer pathway. Here we study charge photogeneration in an archetypical system comprising tetraphenyldibenzoperiflanthene: C70 blends using our recently developed multispectral two dimensional electronic spectroscopy (M-2DES), supported by time-dependent density functional theory and fully quantum-mechanical Fermi’s golden rule rate calculations. Our approach identifies in real time two rapid charge transfer pathways that are confirmed through computational analysis. Surprisingly, we find that both electron and hole transfer occur with comparable rates and efficiencies, facilitated by donor-acceptor electronic interactions. Our results highlight the importance of the hole transfer pathway for optimizing the efficiency of OPV devices employing small-molecule heterojunctions.
Optimization of d-Peptides for Aβ Monomer Binding Specificity Enhances Their Potential to Eliminate Toxic Aβ Oligomers (2017)

Amyloid-beta (Aβ) oligomers are thought to be causative for the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Starting from the Aβ oligomer eliminating d-enantiomeric peptide D3, we developed and applied a two-step procedure based on peptide microarrays to identify D3 derivatives with increased binding affinity and specificity for monomeric Aβ(1-42) to further enhance the Aβ oligomer elimination efficacy. Out of more than 1000 D3 derivatives, we selected seven novel d-peptides, named ANK1 to ANK7, and characterized them in more detail in vitro. All ANK peptides bound to monomeric Aβ(1-42), eliminated Aβ(1-42) oligomers, inhibited Aβ(1-42) fibril formation, and reduced Aβ(1-42)-induced cytotoxicity more efficiently than D3. Additionally, ANK6 completely inhibited the prion-like propagation of preformed Aβ(1-42) seeds and showed a nonsignificant tendency for improving memory performance of tg-APPSwDI mice after i.p. application for 4 weeks. This supports the hypothesis that stabilization of Aβ monomers and thereby induced elimination of Aβ oligomers is a suitable therapeutic strategy.
Iterative Frequency Domain Equalization With Generalized Approximate Message Passing (2013)

An iterative frequency domain equalization approach for coded single-carrier block transmissions over frequency selective channels is developed by using the recently proposed generalized approximate message passing (GAMP) algorithm. Compared with the low-complexity iterative frequency domain linear minimum mean square error (FD-LMMSE) equalization, the proposed approach can achieve significant performance gain with slight complexity increase.
M-NOTE: A Multi-part ballot based E-voting system with clash attack protection (2015)

In this paper, we propose an E-voting procedure which, by utilizing the multi-part ballot mode, provides voters an enhanced way to cast and audit their own votes with great anonymity. The proposed scheme, the Multi-part ballot based Name and vOte separaTed E-voting system (M-NOTE), is partially based on our previous works, which have achieved the goal of keeping candidates confidential and voters anonymous, as well as reducing the risk of leaking both candidates' and voters' identities during the ballot distribution phase. In addition, M-NOTE can prevent the possible clash attack in which either malicious authority or hackers could partially manipulate voting results by tampering voters' original ballots. Meanwhile, our performance analysis shows that M-NOTE provides an outstanding secured level, as the possibility of ballot reconstruction and voting result manipulation has been reduced to closer to zero. This E-voting system also illustrates to readers an applicable framework of designing a fair election in the future.