gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lanthanidocene Catalysts for the Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Ethylene with Butadiene (2003)

Abstract Alkylation of lanthanidocene chloride complexes was performed with BuLi, Mg(Bu)(Oct), or an equimolar mixture of BuLi and AlH( i Bu) 2 . In the case of the latter, chain transfer reactions were observed between neodymium and aluminium, and higher activities were obtained. The use of the silylene‐bridged complex, [Me 2 Si(3‐Me 3 SiC 5 H 3 ) 2 ]NdCl, in combination with BuLi and AlH( i Bu) 2 provided an efficient and unique catalyst for the copolymerization of ethylene with butadiene. Copolymers with high butadiene contents (up to 62 mol‐%) were synthesized. The microstructure of butadiene units was mostly trans ‐1,4, and copolymers exhibited a strong alternating character. The influence of butadiene content on the thermal properties of the copolymers was also investigated. Copolymerization of ethylene with butadiene using 4 /BuLi/AlH( i Bu) 2 (▪) and 2 /BuLi/AlH( i Bu) 2 (▴). magnified image Copolymerization of ethylene with butadiene using 4 /BuLi/AlH( i Bu) 2 (▪) and 2 /BuLi/AlH( i Bu) 2 (▴).
Aluminum nitride on insulator (AlNOI) platform for mid-infrared photonics (2018)

We report an aluminum nitride on insulator platform for mid-infrared (MIR) photonics applications beyond 3&#x00A0;&#x03BC;m. Propagation loss and bending loss are studied, while functional devices such as directional couplers, multimode interferometers, and add/drop filters are demonstrated with high performance. The complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible aluminum nitride offers advantages ranging from a large transparency window, high thermal and chemical resistance, to piezoelectric tunability and three-dimensional integration capability. This platform can have synergy with other photonics platforms to enable novel applications for sensing and thermal imaging in MIR.
RASGOS MORFODECORATIVOS DE LA CERÁMICA PRODUCIDA EN EL VALLE DE LAMBAYEQUE LUEGO DE LA IRRUPCIÓN CHIMÚ (2015)

Resumen El analisis de la ceramica prehispanica establece que, en alguna medida, la presencia Chimu en el valle de Lambayeque no significo el abandono del pensamiento y la tecnologia local. La muestra de estudio fue de 68 ceramios completos del Museo Arqueologico Nacional Brunning y del Museo de Sitio del Complejo Arqueologico Chotuna-Chornancap, ambos en Lambayeque. Se realizo un estudio comparativo de las caracteristicas morfo-decorativas de la muestra y de la ceramica Chimu recuperada en el valle de Moche reportada en la bibliografia especializada existente. Palabras clave: Cultura Chimu, ceramica Chimu, presencia Chimu en el valle de Lambayeque. Abstract With this analysis of Pre-Hispanic pottery we can establish that the Chimu presence in Lambayeque va­lley didn’t cause the abandon of the local knowledge and technology. The sample of pottery for this study is composed of 68 vessels belonging to the collections of the Brunning National Archaeological Museum and the Museum of the Archaeological Site of Chotuna-Chornancap, both located in Lambayeque. It was accomplished a comparative study between the morphological and decorative characteristics of the sample and those of the Chimu pottery from Moche valley reported in specialized bibliography. Key words: Chimu Culture, Chimu pottery, Chimu presence in Lambayeque valley
Breast cancer involvement of the nipple-areola complex and implications for nipple-sparing mastectomies: a retrospective observational study in 137 patients (2019)

The incidence of NAC affection among breast carcinoma patients who underwent mastectomy and axillary clearance was associated with important parameters, such as tumor size, areola edge-tumor distance, lymph node affection, hormonal receptor status and lymphovascular invasion. Accordingly, NAC-preserving surgeries could be tailored to patients with favourable tumor characteristics.
Gas-phase modification of polymer coatings: the use of gas-phase silylation for image-tone reversal of chemically amplified photoresists based on electrophilic addition reactions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-phase modification of polymer coatings: the use of gas-phase silylation for image-tone reversal of chemically amplified photoresists based on electrophilic addition reactionsS. Ming Lee, Stephen Matuszczak, Jean M. J. Frechet, Chester Lee, and Yosef Shacham-DiamandCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 10, 1796–1802Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00046a037https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00046a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Review of Nanocarrier-Based CNS Delivery Systems (2006)

Drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most challenging fields of research and development for pharmaceutical and biotechnology products. A number of hydrophilic therapeutic agents, such as antibiotics, anticancer agents, or newly developed neuropeptides do not cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) after systemic administration. The BBB is formed by the tight junctions at the brain capillary endothelial cells, which strictly control drug transfer from blood to brain. Drug modification, osmotic opening of cerebral capillary endothelium, and alternative routes for administration (e.g., intracerebral delivery) have been successfully used to enhance drug transport to the CNS. The use of nanocarriers, such as liposomes and solid polymeric or lipid nanoparticles may be advantageous over the current strategies. These nanocarriers can not only mask the BBB limiting characteristics of the therapeutic drug molecule, but may also protect the drug from chemical/enzymatic degradation, and additionally provide the opportunity for sustained release characteristics. Reduction of toxicity to peripheral organs can also be achieved with these nanocarriers. This review article discusses the various barriers for drug delivery to the CNS and reviews the current state of nanocarriers for enhancing drug transport into the CNS.
Shape and Roughness Extraction of Line Gratings by Small Angle X-Ray Scattering: Statistics and Simulations (2022)

Since 2010, a lot of progress was done concerning Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) extraction capabilities for dimensional control of line gratings. In this paper, we summarize the general methodology, including transmission (T-)SAXS experimental setup, and extract the line shape and roughness in line gratings. We describe step by step the full data treatment to extract the pitch, critical dimension (CD), line shape and roughness, focusing on the Line Width Roughness (LWR) extraction through a Power Spectral Density (PSD) analysis. The reliability of the extraction by T-SAXS is evaluated thanks to different extractions, comparison to TEM cross-section and analyses of count statistic in case of line roughness.
[Acute mesenteric infarct. III. Therapeutic problems]. (1989)

The treatment adopted in 11 cases of acute mesenteric infarction is described: 6 cases involved arterial occlusion due to embolism and 5 arterial occlusion due to thrombosis. Six explorative laparotomies, 4 intestinal resections and one embolectomy of the superior mesenteric artery were carried out. Mortality was 63%. Stress is therefore laid on the need for very early, etiopathogenetic accurate diagnosis so as to commence treatment during the phase of reversible ischaemic intestinal lesion, targeting treatment to the cause of the ischaemia. The problem of the postoperative treatment problem is then discussed with special regard to the treatment of shock, the prevention of recurrences and the short intestine syndrome.
Nanoantenna–Microcavity Hybrids with Highly Cooperative Plasmonic–Photonic Coupling (2017)

Nanoantennas offer the ultimate spatial control over light by concentrating optical energy well below the diffraction limit, whereas their quality factor (Q) is constrained by large radiative and dissipative losses. Dielectric microcavities, on the other hand, are capable of generating a high Q-factor through an extended photon storage time but have a diffraction-limited optical mode volume. Here we bridge the two worlds, by studying an exemplary hybrid system integrating plasmonic gold nanorods acting as nanoantennas with an on-resonance dielectric photonic crystal (PC) slab acting as a low-loss microcavity and, more importantly, by synergistically combining their advantages to produce a much stronger local field enhancement than that of the separate entities. To achieve this synergy between the two polar opposite types of nanophotonic resonant elements, we show that it is crucial to coordinate both the dissipative loss of the nanoantenna and the Q-factor of the low-loss cavity. In comparison to the antenna-cavity coupling approach using a Fabry-Perot resonator, which has proved successful for resonant amplification of the antenna's local field intensity, we theoretically and experimentally show that coupling to a modest-Q PC guided resonance can produce a greater amplification by at least an order of magnitude. The synergistic nanoantenna-microcavity hybrid strategy opens new opportunities for further enhancing nanoscale light-matter interactions to benefit numerous areas such as nonlinear optics, nanolasers, plasmonic hot carrier technology, and surface-enhanced Raman and infrared absorption spectroscopies.
The effects of local scattering on direction of arrival estimation with MUSIC and ESPRIT (2002)

In wireless communication scenarios, multipath propagation from local scatterers in the vicinity of mobile sources may cause angular spreading as seen from a base station antenna array. This paper studies the effects of such local scattering on direction of arrival (DOA) estimation with the MUSIC and ESPRIT algorithms. Previous work has considered rapidly time-varying scenarios, and concluded that local scattering has a minor effect on DOA estimation in such scenarios. This work considers the case in which the channel is time-invariant during the observation period. The distribution of the DOA estimates is derived, and the results show that local scattering has a significant impact on DOA estimation in the time-invariant case. In addition, numerical examples are included to illustrate the analysis, and to demonstrate that the results may be used to formulate simple estimators of angular spread.
Enabling high‐throughput biology with flexible open‐source automation (2021)

Our understanding of complex living systems is limited by our capacity to perform experiments in high throughput. While robotic systems have automated many traditional hand-pipetting protocols, software limitations have precluded more advanced maneuvers required to manipulate, maintain, and monitor hundreds of experiments in parallel. Here, we present Pyhamilton, an open-source Python platform that can execute complex pipetting patterns required for custom high-throughput experiments such as the simulation of metapopulation dynamics. With an integrated plate reader, we maintain nearly 500 remotely monitored bacterial cultures in log-phase growth for days without user intervention by taking regular density measurements to adjust the robotic method in real-time. Using these capabilities, we systematically optimize bioreactor protein production by monitoring the fluorescent protein expression and growth rates of a hundred different continuous culture conditions in triplicate to comprehensively sample the carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus fitness landscape. Our results demonstrate that flexible software can empower existing hardware to enable new types and scales of experiments, empowering areas from biomanufacturing to fundamental biology.
Laser-Induced Phase Transitions in Semiconductors (1995)

Optical studies of semiconductors under intense femtosecond laser pulse excitation suggest that an ultrafast phase transition takes place before the electronic system has time to thermally equilibrate with the lattice. The excitation of a critical density of valence band electrons destabilizes the covalent bonding in the crystal, resulting in a structural phase transition. The deformation of the lattice leads to a decrease in the average bonding­ anti bonding splitting and a collapse of the bandgap. We review the relationship between structural, electronic, and optical properties, well as the timescales for electron recombination, diffusion, and energy relax­ ation. Direct optical measurements of the dielectric constant and second­ order nonlinear susceptibility are used to determine the time evolution of the phase transition.
Difference-frequency terahertz-wave generation from 4-dimethylamino-N-methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate by use of an electronically tuned Ti:sapphire laser (1999)

Among nonlinear materials, the organic ionic salt crystal 4-dimethylamino- N -methyl-4-stilbazolium-tosylate (DAST) is known for its large nonlinearity. We generated a coherent terahertz (THz) wave, using DAST, from the difference frequency between two oscillating wavelengths of an electronically tuned Ti:sapphire laser. In LiNbO(3), LiTaO(3), KTiOPO(4), and GaP crystals, THz-wave generation was not observed under the same experimental conditions. This result proves the high efficiency of DAST crystals for generation of difference-frequency THz waves.
Structural Evolution of Tensile-Deformed High-Density Polyethylene during Annealing:  Scanning Synchrotron Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Study (2007)

The structural evolution of high-density polyethylene subjected to uniaxial tensile deformation was investigated as a function of strain and after annealing at different temperatures using a scanning synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique. The results confirm that in the course of tensile deformation intralamellar block slips were activated at small deformations followed by a stress-induced fragmentation and recrystallization process yielding thinner lamellae with their normal parallel to the stretching direction. The original sheared lamellae underwent severe internal deformation so that they were even less stable than the newly developed thinner lamellae. Accordingly, annealing results in a melting of the original crystallites even at moderate strains where the stress-induced fragmentation and recrystallization just sets in and generates a distinctly different form of lamellar stacks aligned along the drawing direction. It was found that the lamellae newly formed during stretching at moderate strains remain stable at lower temperature. Only at a very high annealing temperature of 120 °C can they be melted, leading to an isotropic distribution of the lamellar structure.
Precorrin-6x reductase from Pseudomonas denitrificans: purification and characterization of the enzyme and identification of the structural gene (1992)

Precorrin-6x reductase, which catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of precorrin-6x to a dihydro derivative named precorrin-6y, was purified 14,300-fold to homogeneity with an 8% yield from extracts of a recombinant strain of Pseudomonas denitrificans. Precorrin-6y was identified by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry. It was converted in high yield (90%) to hydrogenobyrinic acid by cell-free protein preparations from P. denitrificans. For the purification and characterization of precorrin-6x reductase, a coupled-enzyme radioenzymatic assay was developed in which precorrin-6y was methylated in situ by the cobL gene product (F. Blanche, A. Famechon, D. Thibaut, L. Debussche, B. Cameron, J. Crouzet, J. Bacteriol. 174:1050-1052, 1992) in the presence of [methyl-3H]S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Molecular weights of precorrin-6x reductase obtained by gel filtration (Mr congruent to 27,000) and by analytical sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Mr congruent to 31,000) were consistent with the enzyme being a monomer. Km values of 3.6 +/- 0.2 microM for precorrin-6x and 23.5 +/- 3.5 microM for NADPH and a Vmax value of 17,000 U mg-1 were obtained at pH 7.7. The N-terminal sequence (six amino acids) and three internal sequences obtained after tryptic digestion of the enzyme were determined by microsequencing and established that precorrin-6x reductase is encoded by the cobK gene, located on a previously described 8.7-kb EcoRI fragment (J. Crouzet, B. Cameron, L. Cauchois, S. Rigault, M.-C. Rouyez, F. Blanche, D. Thibaut, and L. Debussche, J. Bacteriol. 172:5980-5990, 1990). However, the coding sequence was shown to be on the strand complementary to the one previously proposed as the coding strand.
Discovery of the [sup 109]Xe→[sup 105]Te→[sup 101]Sn alpha decay chain (2007)

The alpha decay chain 109Xe→105Te→101Sn was first identified at the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility. Recent developments in digital electronics enabled the detection of both alpha decays despite the short half‐life of 105Te. The development of the software algorithm responsible for extracting the double‐alpha events from the experimental data is ongoing. The possibility of using the derivative of the double‐alpha pulse to selectively identify double alpha pulses shows promise and is being developed.
Neurotrophin-3 and Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Induce Oligodendrocyte Proliferation and Myelination of Regenerating Axons in the Contused Adult Rat Spinal Cord (1998)

Functional loss after spinal cord injury (SCI) is caused, in part, by demyelination of axons surviving the trauma. Neurotrophins have been shown to induce oligodendrogliagenesis in vitro, but stimulation of oligodendrocyte proliferation and myelination by these factors in vivo has not been examined. We sought to determine whether neurotrophins can induce the formation of new oligodendrocytes and myelination of regenerating axons after SCI in adult rats. In this study, fibroblasts producing neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), ciliary neurotrophic factor, nerve growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, or beta-galactosidase (control grafts) were transplanted subacutely into the contused adult rat spinal cord. At 10 weeks after injury, all transplants contained axons. NT-3 and BDNF grafts, however, contained significantly more axons than control or other growth factor-producing grafts. In addition, significantly more myelin basic protein-positive profiles were detected in NT-3 and BDNF transplants, suggesting enhanced myelination of ingrowing axons within these neurotrophin-producing grafts. To determine whether augmented myelinogenesis was associated with increased proliferation of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was used to label dividing cells. NT-3 and BDNF grafts contained significantly more BrdU-positive oligodendrocytes than controls. The association of these new oligodendrocytes with ingrowing myelinated axons suggests that NT-3- and BDNF-induced myelinogenesis resulted, at least in part, from expansion of oligodendrocyte lineage cells, most likely the endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitors. These findings may have significant implications for chronic demyelinating diseases or CNS injuries.
Simultaneous Optimization of Supervisory Control and Gear Shift Logic for a Parallel Hydraulic Hybrid Refuse Truck Using Stochastic Dynamic Programming (2011)

The power management controller of a hybrid vehicle orchestrates the operation of onboard energy sources, namely engine and auxiliary power source with the goal of maximizing performance objectives such as the fuel economy. The paper focuses on optimization of the power management strategy of the refuse truck with parallel hydraulic hybrid powertrain. The high power density of hydraulic components and high charging/discharging efficiency of accumulator with no power constraint make hydraulic hybrid an excellent choice for heavy-duty stop and go application. Two power management strategies for a parallel hydraulic hybrid refuse truck are compared; heuristic and stochastic dynamic programming based optimal controller. For designing a SDP based controller, an infinite horizon problem is setup with power demand from driver modeled as random Markov process. The objective is to maximize system level efficiency by optimizing (i) the power split between engine and hydraulic propulsion unit, and (ii) gear shift schedule. This combines the optimization of powertrain parameters with power management design.
Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy: Incorporating Advantages of Hand Assisted and Standard Laparoscopy (2003)

We believe that this approach enables the surgeon to incorporate the advantages of the hand assisted and standard laparoscopic approaches.
Matchgate Shadows for Fermionic Quantum Simulation (2022)

"Classical shadows" are estimators of an unknown quantum state, constructed from suitably distributed random measurements on copies of that state [Nature Physics 16, 1050-1057]. Here, we analyze classical shadows obtained using random matchgate circuits, which correspond to fermionic Gaussian unitaries. We prove that the first three moments of the Haar distribution over the continuous group of matchgate circuits are equal to those of the discrete uniform distribution over only the matchgate circuits that are also Clifford unitaries; thus, the latter forms a "matchgate 3-design." This implies that the classical shadows resulting from the two ensembles are functionally equivalent. We show how one can use these matchgate shadows to efficiently estimate inner products between an arbitrary quantum state and fermionic Gaussian states, as well as the expectation values of local fermionic operators and various other quantities, thus surpassing the capabilities of prior work. As a concrete application, this enables us to apply wavefunction constraints that control the fermion sign problem in the quantum-classical auxiliary-field quantum Monte Carlo algorithm (QC-AFQMC) [Nature 603, 416-420], without the exponential post-processing cost incurred by the original approach.