gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 10.6mW/0.8pJ power-scalable 1GS/s 4b ADC in 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS with 5.8GHz ERBW (2006)

We present a 4-bit power scalable flash analog-to-digital converter in digital 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS, targeting low power ultra-wide band receivers. To minimize static power consumption, we exploit dynamic comparators with built-in digitally tunable thresholds. The converter has been realized and tested outperforming recent comparable designs even in more advanced technologies. The main performance figures include 5.8GHz effective resolution bandwidth and 0.8pJ/conversion-step at 1-GS/s and Nyquist conditions.
In Vitro and In Vivo Inhibition of Interleukin (IL)-5–Mediated Eosinopoiesis by Murine IL-5R α Antisense Oligonucleotide (2001)

The unique role of interleukin (IL)-5 in eosinophil production, activation, and localization makes this cytokine a prime target for therapeutic intervention in diseases characterized by a selective blood and tissue eosinophilia. In an attempt to block the effects of IL-5 on eosinophils, a strategy was developed to suppress the expression of the IL-5 receptor alpha chain (IL-5Ralpha) by antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs). IL-5Ralpha ASOs were identified which selectively and specifically suppress the expression of messenger RNA and proteins of both the membrane and the soluble form of the receptor in constitutively IL-5R-expressing murine BCL-1 cells in vitro. Moreover, these IL-5Ralpha-specific ASOs were able to selectively inhibit the IL-5-induced eosinopoesis from murine fetal liver and bone marrow cells in vitro, suggesting that these molecules may affect the development of IL-5-mediated eosinophilia in vivo. Indeed, intravenous administration of IL-5Ralpha-specific ASOs not only suppressed the bone-marrow and blood eosinophilia in mice after short-term treatment with recombinant murine IL-5 but also inhibited the development of blood and tissue eosinophilia in a ragweed-induced allergic peritonitis model. Thus, blocking the expression of IL-5Ralpha on eosinophil using ASOs may have therapeutic benefits in eosinophilic diseases such as asthma.
Beating Back the Time Wasters (1977)

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Nameles: An intelligent system for Real-Time Filtering of Invalid Ad Traffic (2019)

Invalid ad traffic is an inherent problem of programmatic advertising that has not been properly addressed so far. Traditionally, it has been considered that invalid ad traffic only harms the interests of advertisers, which pay for the cost of invalid ad impressions while other industry stakeholders earn revenue through commissions regardless of the quality of the impression. Our first contribution consists of providing evidence that shows how the Demand Side Platforms (DSPs), one of the most important intermediaries in the programmatic advertising supply chain, may be suffering from economic losses due to invalid ad traffic. Addressing the problem of invalid traffic at DSPs requires a highly scalable solution that can identify invalid traffic in real time at the individual bid request level. The second and main contribution is the design and implementation of a solution for the invalid traffic problem, a system that can be seamlessly integrated into the current programmatic ecosystem by the DSPs. Our system has been released under an open source license, becoming the first auditable solution for invalid ad traffic detection. The intrinsic transparency of our solution along with the good results obtained in industrial trials have led the World Federation of Advertisers to endorse it.
A Structural-Based Constitutive Model for Valvular Tissues Under Generalized Deformation (2007)

Passive in nature, heart valves react to the inertial forces exerted by blood flow. Pressure differences operate on the valve leaflets to initiate rapid opening and closure of the valve. In the closed position, the coapted leaflets are exposed to significant transvalvular pressure. In contrast, relatively small pressure gradients are required to initiate an opening or closure event. To facilitate efficient cycling, valve leaflets must demonstrate a high degree of compliance relative to the applied inertial loads while in transition. Functionally the leaflet is required to exhibit diverse properties under varied states and modes of deformation.
Improvement of re-sample template matching for lossless screen content video (2015)

Screen Content (SC) video coding becomes more important for screen sharing and screen broadcasting applications. There are many easy to see different characters between screen content video and camera-captured video. We proposed a template matching prediction method for lossless SC intra picture coding with higher compression ratio. The pixels are re-sampled to form the Virtual Largest Coding Unit (VLCU) firstly. About 80% pixels in VLCU can be predicted exactly by template matching with zero error. Then, pixels with non-zero prediction error should be coded with three information, index, position and value. Among these three, position will consume the most bits than the other two. In order to handle this challenge, we propose to apply the similarity of non-zero prediction error pixel positions of neighbor VLCU which can greatly help to improve the compression performance. The VLCU can be divided into sub CU as the same as the division in the standard High Efficiency Video Coding(HEVC) intra coding, and RDO is applied to find the best coding efficiency.
Needle-shaped polymeric particles induce transient disruption of cell membranes (2010)

Nano- and microparticles of various shapes have recently been introduced for various drug-delivery applications. Shape of particles has been shown to have an impact on various processes including circulation, vascular adhesion and phagocytosis. Here, we assess the role of particle geometry and surface chemistry in their interactions with cell membranes. Using representative particles of different shape (spheres, elongated and flat particles), size (500 nm-1 microm) and surface chemistry (positively and negatively charged), we evaluated the response of endothelial cells to particles. While spherical and elliptical disc-shaped particles did not have an impact on cell spreading and motility, needle-shaped particles induced significant changes in the same. Further studies revealed that needle-shaped particles induced disruption of cell membranes as indicated by the release of lactate dehydrogenase and uptake of extracellular calcein. The effect of needle-shaped particles on cells was transient and was reversed over a time period of 1-48 h depending on particle parameters.
The Case for a Structured Approach to Managing Unstructured Data. (2009)

The challenge of managing unstructured data represents perhaps the largest data management opportunity for our community since managing relational data. And yet we are risking letting this opportunity go by, ceding the playing field to other players, ranging from communities such as AI, KDD, IR, Web, and Semantic Web, to industrial players such as Google, Yahoo, and Microsoft. In this essay we explore what we can do to improve upon this situation. Drawing on the lessons learned while managing relational data, we outline a structured approach to managing unstructured data. We conclude by discussing the potential implications of this approach to managing other kinds of non-relational data, and to the identify of our field. 1.
In vitro models for the prediction of in vivo performance of oral dosage forms: Recent progress from partnership through the IMI OrBiTo collaboration (2018)

The availability of in vitro tools that are constructed on the basis of a detailed knowledge of key aspects of gastrointestinal (GI) physiology and their impact on formulation performance and subsequent drug release behaviour is fundamental to the success and efficiency of oral drug product development. Over the last six years, the development and optimization of improved, biorelevant in vitro tools has been a cornerstone of the IMI OrBiTo (Oral Biopharmaceutics Tools) project. By bringing together key industry and academic partners, and by linking tool development and optimization to human studies to understand behaviour at the formulation/GI tract interface, the collaboration has enabled innovation, optimization and implementation of the requisite biorelevant in vitro tools. In this paper, we present an overview of the in vitro tools investigated during the collaboration and offer a perspective on their future use in enhancing the development of new oral drug products.
Sensitivity Analysis of Inductive Power Transfer Systems With Voltage-Fed Compensation Topologies (2019)

The output characteristics and the transfer efficiencies of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems are affected by (but not limited to) the variation of parameters such as, variable load, misalignment between the primary and secondary coils, and resonance frequency detuning. This paper first analyzes the resonant conditions of all voltage-fed compensation topologies in IPT systems to achieve the load-independent voltage transfer characteristic at load-independent zero phase angle frequency. With these conditions, the parameters sensitivity to the key performance factors of the S-SP, LCC-S, LCC-P, and double-sided LCC compensated IPT systems are systematically investigated when considering the losses in coils and compensation networks. Comparisons of the quantitative sensitivity analysis and experimental results for all IPT systems are made in terms of the voltage transfer ratio and efficiency. These analyses can provide guidance for the selection of superior compensation networks to minimize the additional converter effort and simplify the control algorithm of closed-loop IPT systems.
Giant heating of Si nanoparticles by weak laser light: Optical microspectroscopic study and application to particle modification (2005)

We show that Si particles 20–30 nm in diameter can be heated up to ∼1500K in atmospheric conditions by illumination with weak (∼1mW) but sharply focused (∼2μm) visible laser light. Crystallization, oxidation, and color change of the particles occur as the result of the light-induced heating of the particles. These effects can be used for modification of the particles and preparation of Si-based luminescent material.
An Experimental Electrical Vehicle with In-wheel Motor (2005)

An experimental electrical vehicle has been developed in order to provide a basis for experimental verifications of advanced tire friction models, estimators, and controllers. The vehicle comprises a high-torque permanent-magnet synchronous motor that is built in the driven wheel, and precise incremental encoders for driven and non-driven wheels. The paper presents a description of the vehicle with emphasis on the electrical and control subsystem, and gives characteristic experimental procedures and results related to motor static and dynamic behavior. Experimental results on tire friction identification are also included.
Studies on the synthesis of corrins and related ligands. Employment of isoxazoles as intermediates in the synthesis of semicorrins (1970)

R. V. Stevens, L. E. DuPree and M. P. Wentland, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 821 DOI: 10.1039/C29700000821
Reduction in cardiolipin decreases mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity and increases glucose transport into and across human brain cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (2016)

Microvessel endothelial cells form part of the blood-brain barrier, a restrictively permeable interface that allows transport of only specific compounds into the brain. Cardiolipin is a mitochondrial phospholipid required for function of the electron transport chain and ATP generation. We examined the role of cardiolipin in maintaining mitochondrial function necessary to support barrier properties of brain microvessel endothelial cells. Knockdown of the terminal enzyme of cardiolipin synthesis, cardiolipin synthase, in hCMEC/D3 cells resulted in decreased cellular cardiolipin levels compared to controls. The reduction in cardiolipin resulted in decreased mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity, increased pyruvate kinase activity, and increased 2-deoxy-[(3) H]glucose uptake and glucose transporter-1 expression and localization to membranes in hCMEC/D3 cells compared to controls. The mechanism for the increase in glucose uptake was an increase in adenosine-5'-monophosphate kinase and protein kinase B activity and decreased glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta activity. Knockdown of cardiolipin synthase did not affect permeability of fluorescent dextran across confluent hCMEC/D3 monolayers grown on Transwell(®) inserts. In contrast, knockdown of cardiolipin synthase resulted in an increase in 2-deoxy-[(3) H]glucose transport across these monolayers compared to controls. The data indicate that in hCMEC/D3 cells, spare respiratory capacity is dependent on cardiolipin. In addition, reduction in cardiolipin in these cells alters their cellular energy status and this results in increased glucose transport into and across hCMEC/D3 monolayers. Microvessel endothelial cells form part of the blood-brain barrier, a restrictively permeable interface that allows transport of only specific compounds into the brain. In human adult brain endothelial cell hCMEC/D3 monolayers cultured on Transwell(®) plates, knockdown of cardiolipin synthase results in decrease in mitochondrial cardiolipin and decreased mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity. The reduced cardiolipin results in an increased activity of adenosine monophosphate kinase (pAMPK) and protein kinase B (pAKT) and decreased activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (pGSK3β) which results in elevated glucose transporter-1 (GLUT-1) expression and association with membranes. This in turn increases 2-dexoyglucose uptake from the apical medium into the cells with a resultant 2-deoxyglucose movement into the basolateral medium.
HIGH EPITAXIAL FERROELECTRIC RELAXOR Mn-DOPED Ba(Zr,Ti)O3 THIN FILMS ON MgO SUBSTRATES (2011)

Environment friendly ferroelectric relaxor Ba ( Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 ) O 3 thin films with the addition of 2% Mn dopant were grown on (001) MgO substrates by pulsed laser deposition. Microstructure studies with X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal that the as-grown Ba ( Zr 0.2 Ti 0.8 ) O 3 thin films are c-axis oriented with an atomic sharp interface. The films have good single crystallinity and good epitaxial quality. The interface relationship was determined to be [100] Mn:BZT //[100] MgO and (001) Mn:BZT //(001) MgO . Nanoscale order/disorder relaxor structures were found with nano-columnar structures. The microwave dielectric measurements (15–18 GHz) indicate that the films have excellent dielectric properties with large dielectric constant value, high tunability, and low dielectric loss, promising the development of room temperature tunable microwave elements.
Specific bovine brucellosis diagnosis based on in vitro antigen-specific gamma interferon production (1995)

In order to improve the specificity of the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis, we developed a test which can be regarded as an in vitro correlate of the delayed-type hypersensitivity test (DTH). A mixture of cytoplasmic proteins from Brucella melitensis B115 was used as a specific antigenic stimulus in bovine whole blood culture. Supernatants harvested at 18 to 24 h after the in vitro antigenic stimulus were assayed for their gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) content by using a commercial sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The IFN-gamma assay was evaluated with 10 heifers during the course (80 days) of an experimental infection and with 14 cows from an ongoing brucellosis outbreak. All of these animals were slaughtered, and pertinent organs were subjected to classical bacteriological analyses. In addition, we analyzed 23 field cases in which false-positive serological reactions occurred. The IFN-gamma results were compared with those of the standard DTH and a battery of serological assays, and they were correlated with bacteriological data. Both for the experimental infection and for the field brucellosis outbreak, the IFN-gamma assay detected infection in more animals than any combination of the serological tests, and it detected infection earlier than these tests. Finally, none of the samples from cows showing false-positive serological reactions was classified as positive by the IFN-gamma assay, attesting to its specificity and to its usefulness in interpreting ambiguous serological results. A rapid and convenient alternative to the DTH, the IFN-gamma assay appears to be an ideal method that is complementary to the serological diagnosis protocols.
mDHT: Multicast-Augmented DHT Architecture for High Availability and Immunity to Churn (2009)

This paper presents mDHT, a novel architectural enhancement to DHT using multicast service discovery. In mDHT, a group of host computers in a subnet participate in a DHT overlay as a single node. A query is routed from subnet to subnet until it reaches the final destination subnet, where it is resolved among the hosts using link-local multicast. Under a reasonable deployment assumption, mDHT offers many benefits over standard DHTs, such as locality, easy bootstrapping, high availability, and near imperviousness to node churn.
Nonlinear Transform Coding (2020)

We review a class of methods that can be collected under the name nonlinear transform coding (NTC), which over the past few years have become competitive with the best linear transform codecs for images, and have superseded them in terms of rate-distortion performance under established perceptual quality metrics such as MS-SSIM. We assess the empirical rate-distortion performance of NTC with the help of simple example sources, for which the optimal performance of a vector quantizer is easier to estimate than with natural data sources. To this end, we introduce a novel variant of entropy-constrained vector quantization. We provide an analysis of various forms of stochastic optimization techniques for NTC models; review architectures of transforms based on artificial neural networks, as well as learned entropy models; and provide a direct comparison of a number of methods to parameterize the rate-distortion trade-off of nonlinear transforms, introducing a simplified one.
Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor Mediate Human Stem Cell Tropism to Malignant Solid Tumors (2008)

Human neural and mesenchymal stem cells have been identified for cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine and as vehicles for delivering therapeutic agents to areas of injury and tumors. However, the signals required for homing and recruitment of stem cells to these sites are not well understood. Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) are involved in chemotaxis and cell guidance during normal development and are upregulated in invasive tumors. Here we provided evidence that activation of uPA and uPAR in malignant solid tumors (brain, lung, prostate, and breast) augments neural and mesenchymal stem cell tropism. Expression levels of uPAR on human solid tumor cell lines correlated with levels of uPA and soluble uPAR in tumor cell-conditioned media. Cytokine expression profiles of these tumor-conditioned media were determined by protein arrays. Among 79 cytokines investigated, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were the most highly expressed cytokines in uPAR-positive tumors. We provided evidence that human recombinant uPA induced stem cell migration, whereas depletion of uPA from PC-3 prostate cancer cell-conditioned medium blocked stem cell migration. Furthermore, retrovirus-mediated overexpression of uPA and uPAR in neuroblastoma (NB1691) cells induced robust migration of stem cells toward NB1691 cell-conditioned media, compared with media derived from wild-type NB1691 cells. We conclude that expression of uPA and uPAR in cancer cells underlies a novel mechanism of stem cell tropism to malignant solid tumors, which may be important for development of optimal stem cell-based therapies. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Chemical functionalization strategies for carbon dioxide capture in microporous organic polymers (2013)

Abstract We review the design and use of microporous polymers for pre‐ and post‐combustion capture of CO 2 . Microporous organic polymers are promising candidates for CO 2 capture materials. They have good physicochemical stabilities and high surface areas. Ultrahigh‐surface‐area microporous organic polymers could find use in pre‐combustion capture, while networks with lower surface areas but higher heats of sorption for CO 2 might be more relevant for lower pressure, post‐combustion capture. We discuss strategies for enhancing CO 2 uptakes including increasing surface area, chemical functionalization to provide high‐enthalpy binding sites and the potential for pore size tuning. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Chronic effects of ivermectin on Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia: between-species and between-strains comparisons (2008)

The parasiticide ivermectin is widely used due to its high efficiency against endo- and ectoparasites in livestock. Local aquatic ecosystems can thus be contaminated, but few data are available to quantify chronic effects of ivermectin on non-target aquatic organisms. The aim of our study is to understand how ivermectin affects survival, growth and reproduction of two cladoceran species: Daphnia magna (one Japanese and one European strain) and Ceriodaphnia dubia. Hence, chronic toxicity tests were carried out. Survival and the number of neonates per litter were daily recorded, and adult length was measured at the end of the test. The first data analyses showed that ivermectin had a significant effect on all processes, but that differences occurred between species and between strains. The European strain of D. magna was more sensitive than the Japanese one, and the effects appeared earlier but were lower for C. dubia than D. magna.
-Secretase Modulators: Can We Combine Potency with Safety? (2012)

γ-Secretase modulation has been proposed as a potential disease modifying anti-Alzheimer's approach. γ-Secretase modulators (GSMs) cause a product shift from the longer amyloid-beta (Aβ) peptide isoforms to shorter, more soluble, and less amyloidogenic isoforms, without inhibiting APP or Notch proteolytic processing. As such, modulating γ-secretase may avoid some of the adverse effects observed with γ-secretase inhibitors. Since the termination of the GSM tarenfurbil in 2008 due to negative phase III trial results, a considerable progress has been made towards more potent and better brain penetrable compounds. However, an analysis of their lipophilic efficiency indices indicates that their increased potency can be largely attributed to their increased lipophilicity. The need for early and chronic dosing with GSMs will require high-safety margins. This will be a challenge to achieve with the current, highly lipophilic GSMs. We will demonstrate that by focusing on the drug-like properties of GSMs, a combination of high in vitro potency and reduced lipophilicity can be achieved and does result in better tolerated compounds. The next hurdle will be to translate this knowledge into GSMs which are highly efficacious and safe in vivo.