gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigating UHPC in deck bulb-tee girder connections, part 1: Analytical investigation (2023)

Precast concrete deck bulb-tee girder systems offer an excellent choice for prestressed concrete bridges with spans of 100 ft (30.48 m) or more. These girders are placed side by side in the field and connected using longitudinal joints. The wide top flange of the girders acts as a deck, eliminating the need for a cast-in-place concrete deck and providing a solution for accelerated bridge construction. However, the longitudinal joints between the girders often crack under service loads, allowing for water and deicing chemicals to enter the system and cause corrosion. An analytical study with ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC) longitudinal joints was performed to investigate the joint performance when subjected to thermal and live loads. A continuity diaphragm with UHPC in the top flange was also investigated for negative moment over pier. Results of the investigation suggest that the use of UHPC can improve the performance of the connections. The high bond strength of the UHPC reduces the connection length and allows for simpler reinforcement details.
Potential of Adiponectin as a Cardioprotective Agent (2007)

In this review, we focus on the role of adiponectin as a cardioprotective agent in several pathological heart conditions. Obesity is closely associated with Type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart disease. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone whose concentration is downregulated in subjects with obesity-related diseases. Hypoadiponectinemia has been identified as an independent risk factor for Type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome and hypertension. More recent experimental findings have shown that adiponectin directly affects signaling in cardiac myocytes and has beneficial effects on several pathological heart conditions, including cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial infarction. The favorable effects of adiponectin are associated with attenuated inflammatory response, decreased myocyte death, decreased hypertrophic response, maintained ischemia-induced angiogenesis and reduced interstitial fibrosis. Therefore, adiponectin could represent a molecular target for treating obesity-linked cardiac diseases.
Switching control strategy for full ZVS soft-switching operation of a Dual Active Bridge AC/DC converter (2012)

A switching control strategy to enable Zero-Voltage-Switching (ZVS) over the entire input-voltage interval and the full power range of a single-stage Dual Active Bridge (DAB) AC/DC converter is proposed. The converter topology consists of a DAB DC/DC converter, receiving a rectified AC line voltage via a synchronous rectifier. The DAB comprises primary and secondary side full bridges, linked by a high-frequency isolation transformer and inductor. Using conventional control strategies, the soft-switching boundary conditions are exceeded at the higher voltage conversion ratios of the AC input interval. Recently we presented a novel pulse-width-modulation strategy to fully eliminate these boundaries, using a half bridge — full bridge DAB configuration. In this papers the analysis is extended towards a full bridge — full bridge DAB setup, providing more flexibility to minimize the component RMS currents and allowing increased performance (in terms of efficiency and volume). Experimental results are given to validate the theoretical analysis and practical feasibility of the proposed strategy.
Iterative trace reconstruction of aliased radio-frequency data obtained using harmonic imaging: A feasibility study (2017)

It is critical to use a proper spatial sampling, otherwise images suffer from grating lobes. However, the cost of a medical ultrasound scanner is strongly related to the channel count of the receive electronics. This has led to channel reduction using multiplexing or in-probe pre-beamforming methods at the cost of image quality or frame rate. An alternative is to reduce the receive channel count and reconstruct the non-aliased data from spatially aliased data. Last year we reported on a wavenumber frequency domain mapping based iterative trace reconstruction method developed for fundamental imaging. However, harmonic imaging is often used in medical imaging to further improve the image quality. As the reconstruction method assumes linearity, it is not a-priori clear whether the reconstruction will work satisfactory in combination with harmonic imaging. Here, the feasibility of using the method for harmonic imaging is investigated using in-vivo linear array data. The reconstruction algorithm operates by iteratively focusing and defocusing of the data using an imaging algorithm and uses intermittent thresholding to suppress the aliasing artifacts in the imaging domain. Properly sampled plane wave transmission datasets were recorded of the right common carotid artery of a healthy volunteer using a linear array transducer attached to a research system. The reconstruction technique significantly improved the image quality of all aliased datasets for both the fundamental and second harmonic imaging modalities. In fact, the reconstruction quality was slightly better for the second harmonic imaging case.
Performance analysis of adaptive equalization for coherent acoustic communications in the time-varying ocean environment (2005)

Equations are derived for analyzing the performance of channel estimate based equalizers. The performance is characterized in terms of the mean squared soft decision error (sigma2(s)) of each equalizer. This error is decomposed into two components. These are the minimum achievable error (sigma2(0)) and the excess error (sigma2(e)). The former is the soft decision error that would be realized by the equalizer if the filter coefficient calculation were based upon perfect knowledge of the channel impulse response and statistics of the interfering noise field. The latter is the additional soft decision error that is realized due to errors in the estimates of these channel parameters. These expressions accurately predict the equalizer errors observed in the processing of experimental data by a channel estimate based decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and a passive time-reversal equalizer. Further expressions are presented that allow equalizer performance to be predicted given the scattering function of the acoustic channel. The analysis using these expressions yields insights into the features of surface scattering that most significantly impact equalizer performance in shallow water environments and motivates the implementation of a DFE that is robust with respect to channel estimation errors.
Field experiments on adaptive modulation and channel coding coupled with hybrid ARQ with packet combining based on HSDPA air interface (2003)

This paper presents field experimental results on throughput performance employing adaptive modulation and channel coding (AMC) coupled with hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) with packet combining based on the High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) air interface in the forward link under multipath fading channel. In the implemented equipment, optimum modulation and coding scheme (MCS) is selected among four candidates such as MCS1 (QPSK data modulation with the channel coding rate R = 1/2, hereafter simply referred to as QPSK with R=1/2), MCS2 (QPSK with R = 3/4), MCS3 (I6QAM with R = 1/2), and MCS4 (16QAM with R = 3/4) according to the measured signal-to-interference power ratio (SIR) over one transmission time interval (TTI) (=2 msec) in AMC and both Type-I HARQ with packet combining, (hereafter Chase combining) and Type-II HARQ (Incremental redundancy) are implemented. In the preliminary evaluation on AMC by the laboratory experiments employing multipath fading simulators, we elucidate that the average throughput above 5 Mbps was achieved at the average received signal energy per chip-to-background noise power spectrum density ratio (E c / N 0 ) of approximately 17 dB in 1-path fading channel with the fading maximum Doppler frequency of f D = 5Hz and neverthe ess that the achievable average peak throughput becomes approximately 2.6 Mbps due to the multipath interference in 2-path fading channel when the average signal power of the second path was lower by 3 dB than that of the first path. In the final paper, we will compare the superiority of Incremental redundancy and Chase combining in a slow-to-fast multipath fading channel along with the use of the AMC. Furthermore, we will present the achievable throughput performance employing AMC coupled with HARQ with packet combining in a real multipath fading channel by field experiments conducted near Tokyo, in order to clarify the potential of HSDPA for actual system application.
Influence of Potent Antioxidant Leguminosae Family Plant Extracts on Growth and Antioxidant Defense System of Hep2 Cancer Cell Line (2010)

Legumes are considered to be a very good source of polyphenolic compounds that may act as chemopreventive agents, especially by their antioxidant properties. However, many of the chemopreventive properties may depend on the concentrations of the phytochemical compounds because potent antioxidant polyphenolic compounds may have pro-oxidant properties and negatively affect cell growth and viability. Thus, the aim of the present study was to assess the possible effect of two potent antioxidant Greek Leguminosae family plant extracts on the growth of a specific cancer cell line and its antioxidant defense cell system. Aqueous extracts of aerial parts of Lathyrus laxiflorus and Phaseolus vulgaris plants were initially examined for their cytotoxicity on the Hep2 cancer cell line at concentrations that possess potent antioxidant properties (100, 400, and 800 microg/mL). After a 24-hour incubation with the extracts, only L. laxiflorus plant extract exhibited the ability to inhibit the cell growth at 400 and 800 microg/mL by 57% and 74%, respectively, whereas P. vulgaris extract had no effect on cell growth at any of the tested concentrations. Noncytotoxic concentrations, 100 microg/mL L. laxiflorus and 800 microg/mL P. vulgaris extract, were used for 2-, 12-, and 24-hour incubation of the cells. The influence of the extracts on the antioxidant defense system of the cells was assessed by measuring the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of the cells, the catalase (CAT) activity, and the concentrations of reduced glutathione, the oxidized form of glutathione, and thiobarbituric-reactive substances (TBARS) in all times of incubation with the cells. From the results obtained, it seems that only L. laxiflorus extract induces oxidative stress in the cells by reducing TAC and CAT activity and by inducing TBARS, especially with 2 and 12 hours of incubation. P. vulgaris extract reduced only TAC at 2 hours of incubation, indicating also a mild induction of oxidative stress. These results imply that potent antioxidant extracts, beyond a critical concentration, may induce oxidative stress even with no apparent cytotoxicity in cells.
The Andrew File System on OS/2 and SNA (2002)

Porting a distributed application from one environment to another can be significant, particularly when performance is an important consideration. The Andrew File System (AFS) is a distributed file system designed to be heterogeneous and scalable, and it runs efficiently on variations of Unix. A port of AFS to Operating system/2 (OS/2) encountered an assortment of problems at various levels. The port, performed as a sequence of two ports, first investigated feasibility and performance issues and then integrated AFS into the OS/2 environment. Additionally, the migration from the original AFS network protocol, user datagram protocol internet protocol (UDP/IP), to systems network architecture (SNA) posed challenges, not the least of which was the change from a connectionless to a connection-oriented protocol. OS/2 and SNA demonstrated their viability as platforms for distributed applications by providing competent support for this performance-critical software, but substantial modifications to the AFS structure were necessary to achieve an efficient OS/2 implementation that preserved the AFS file system interface and semantics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cooperative Caching for Efficient Data Access in Disruption Tolerant Networks (2013)

Disruption tolerant networks (DTNs) are characterized by low node density, unpredictable node mobility, and lack of global network information. Most of current research efforts in DTNs focus on data forwarding, but only limited work has been done on providing efficient data access to mobile users. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to support cooperative caching in DTNs, which enables the sharing and coordination of cached data among multiple nodes and reduces data access delay. Our basic idea is to intentionally cache data at a set of network central locations (NCLs), which can be easily accessed by other nodes in the network. We propose an efficient scheme that ensures appropriate NCL selection based on a probabilistic selection metric and coordinates multiple caching nodes to optimize the tradeoff between data accessibility and caching overhead. Extensive trace-driven simulations show that our approach significantly improves data access performance compared to existing schemes.
Synthesis of Novel Fluorinated Hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (2006)

The synthesis of several perfluoroalkylated hexabenzocoronene derivatives is described. The substituents range from linear semiperfluoroalkylated chains to branched perfluoroalkylated chains. Novel strategies were applied to overcome the low solubility and the low reactivity of such chains.
Electrospray‐Ionization Mass Spectrometry for Screening the Specificity and Stability of Single‐Stranded‐DNA Templated Self‐Assemblies (2008)

Supramolecular complexes consisting of a single-stranded oligothymine (dTn) as the host template and an array of guest molecules equipped with a complementary diaminotriazine hydrogen-bonding unit have been studied with electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In this hybrid construct, a supramolecular stack of guest molecules is hydrogen bonded to dTn. By changing the hydrogen-bonding motif of the DNA host template or the guest molecules, selective hydrogen bonding was proven. We were able to detect single-stranded-DNA (ssDNA)-guest complexes for strands with lengths of up to 20 bases, in which the highest complex mass detected was 15 kDa; these complexes constitute 20-component self-assembled objects. Gas-phase breakdown experiments on single- and multiple-guest-DNA assemblies gave qualitative information on the fragmentation pathways and the relative complex stabilities. We found that the guest molecules are removed from the template one by one in a highly controlled way. The stabilities of the complexes depend mainly on the molecular weight of the guest molecules, a fact suggesting that the complexes collapse in the gas phase. By mixing two different guests with the ssDNA template, a multicomponent dynamic library can be created. Our results demonstrate that ESI-MS is a powerful tool to analyze supramolecular ssDNA complexes in great detail.
Design and Synthesis of Artificial Ion Channels (1993)

The synthesis of a series of functional artifical ion channels is described. Candidate structures are assembled from a modular construction set of subunits consisting of a core crown ether unit for structural organization, multiple macrocyclic tetraester wall units to span a bilayer membrane, and polar head units to impart amphiphilic character. The modular assembly approach allowed the efficient synthesis of a suite of compounds but the inherent properties of the construction set limited the range of synthetically accessible structures. 1. Introduction 2. Design 3. Making the Wall Components 4. Joining the Pieces 5. Transporter Activity 6. What Next?
The classification of power system disturbance waveforms using a neural network approach (1995)

Owing to the rise in power quality problems, the use of transient recorders to monitor power systems has increased steadily. The triggering strategies used by these transient recorders to capture disturbance waveforms are usually based on the violation of a set of predetermined measurement thresholds. Unfortunately, threshold based triggering strategies are difficult to apply in situations when only waveforms corresponding to a given class of disturbances need to be recorded. This inability of the recorder to automatically discriminate between waveform types tends to burden the user with the task of manually sifting and sorting through a large number of captured waveforms. This paper describes an artificial neural network methodology for the classification of waveforms that are captured, as part of a larger scheme to automate the data collection process of recorders. Two different neural network paradigms are investigated: the more common feedforward network (TDNN), and a modification of that, the time-delay network (TDNN), which has the ability to encode temporal relationships found in the input data and exhibits a translation-shift invariance property. Comparisons of both network paradigms, based on a typical distribution circuit configuration, are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Nanopore analysis reveals differences in structural stability of ovine PrPCproteins corresponding to scrapie susceptible (VRQ) and resistance (ARR) genotypes (2013)

Species, as well as individuals within species, have unique susceptibilities to prion infection that are likely based on sequence differences in cellular prion protein (PrP(C)). Species barriers to transmission also reflect PrP(C) sequence differences. Defining the structure-activity relationship of PrP(C)/PrP(Sc) with respect to infectivity/susceptibility will benefit disease understanding and assessment of transmission risks. Here, nanopore analysis is employed to investigate genotypes of sheep PrP(C) corresponding to differential susceptibilities to scrapie infection. Under non-denaturing conditions scrapie resistant (ARR) and susceptible (VRQ) genotypes display similar, type I (bumping) predominant event profiles, suggesting a conserved folding pattern. Under increasingly denaturing conditions both proteins shift to type II (intercalation/translocation) events but with different sensitivities to unfolding. Specifically, when pre-incubated in 2M Gdn-HCl, the VRQ variant had more of type II events as compared with the ARR protein, suggesting a more flexible unfolding pattern. Addition of PrP(Sc)-specific polyclonal antibody (YML) to the ARR variant, pre-incubated in 2M Gdn-HCl, reduced the number of type II events with no clear intercalation/translocation peak, whereas for VRQ, type II events above blockades of 90 pA bound YML. A second PrP(Sc)-specific antibody (SN6b) to a different cryptic epitope reduced type II events for VRQ but not the ARR variant. Collectively, the event patterns associated with sequential denaturation, as well as interactions with PrP(Sc)-specific antibodies, support unique patterns and/or propensities of misfolding between the genotypes. Overall, nanopore analysis identifies intermediate conformations that occur during the unfolding pathways of ARR and VRQ genotypes and may help to understand the correlation of structural properties that induce protein misfolding.
Linear fused oligoporphyrins: potential molecular wires with enhanced electronic communication between bridged metal ions (1998)

Syntheses of nanometer scale, directly beta-fused oligoporphyrins sharing an extended π-system are described.
Coagulase deficiency in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus involves both transcriptional and post-transcriptional defects (1994)

The molecular basis of the non-expression of coagulase was investigated for 14 coagulase-negative isolates of Staphylococcus aureus obtained from different clinical samples. These isolates had typical S. aureus characteristics such as production of clumping factor, DNAase and protein A, but, with one exception, failed to produce detectable amounts of alpha-haemolysin. All 14 strains had DNA homologous to the coagulase gene (coa), but a coa-specific transcript was found in only seven of them. alpha-Haemolysin mRNA was detected in only eight strains without direct correlation to coa-mRNA expression. Thus, coagulase and alpha-haemolysin deficiencies in S. aureus may involve either transcriptional or post-transcriptional alterations although additional regulatory factors may influence the expression of both genes.
Detecting covert channels within VoIP (2012)

VoIP (Voice Over IP) was ranked third among the top 11 technologies of the decade in 2011. It is one of the most popular networking services. As it is readily adopted, the VoIP traffic is increasing steadily. The large amount of data transported by VoIP makes it ideal for creating covert channels. Attacks based on covert channels becomes a new challenge for network security. In this paper, possible covert channels via VoIP are analyzed, and an effective countermeasure to detect hidden messages in both SEQ (Sequence Number) and SSRC (Source Identifier) fields in the RTP protocol during conversation phase is proposed. This proposed method creates a new processing space, in which, normal traffic is analyzed and characterized by a proposed statistical model. This model is used in detecting hidden information in SSRCs and SEQs. Simulation results show that 100% detection rate can be realized. As the proposed model requires only a small amount of training data and no illegal traffic is used in the training, the computational complexity is small and can be used for on-line covert channel detection.
Rat animal model for preclinical testing of microparticle urethral bulking agents (2015)

The microsurgical injection technique, in vivo physiology and novel hard tissue processing for histology, described in the present study, will allow for future comprehensive preclinical testing of urethral bulking therapy agents containing microparticles made of a hard material.
Surface studies of polyimide thin films via surface-enhanced Raman scattering and second harmonic generation (1998)

Two polyimides having the same backbone chemical structure and different pendant side groups at the 2- and 2′-positions of the diamine, the six methylene units capped with 4-cyanobiphenyl end groups and trifluoromethyl, were synthesized (6FDA-6CBO and 6FDA-PFMB). Surface-enhanced Raman scattering and surface optical second harmonic generation measurements show that after rubbing the major change in 6FDA-PFMB surface appears in the orientation of the dianhydride, which was originally planar, but becomes tilted with respect to the surface plane. In the case of 6FDA-6CBO, rubbing also causes the originally planar 4-cyanobiphenyls to tilt away from the surface and assume an azimuthally anisotropic distribution.