gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low update rate articulatory analysis/synthesis of speech (1991)

A pitch-synchronous scheme for analysis/synthesis of speech is presented that uses a parametric model of the time-derivative of the glottal area function. Improved articulatory codebooks are used to start up an analysis-by-synthesis procedure to adapt parameters representing the vocal tract shape and the glottal geometry. The authors also present results of multiframe parameter optimization of articulatory parameters for potential application to low-bit-rate speech coding. In this scheme, they optimize the parameters once for each appropriately selected segment of speech and interpolate to obtain parameter values at intermediate time-instants. They study three different vocal-tract representations for linear and arctan interpolation functions for multiframe parameter optimization. Experiments indicate that multiframe parameter optimization results in some degradation in speech quality as compared to single-frame parameter optimization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract NG07: Immunomodulatory and tumor cell killing effects of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine in ovarian cancer (2015)

Abstract _ Citation Format: Katherine B. Chiappinelli, Pamela Strissel, Ray-Whay Chiu Yen, Huili Li, Meredith L. Stone, Lauren Murphy, Benjamin Akman, Cynthia A. Zahnow, Reiner Strick, Stephen B. Baylin. Immunomodulatory and tumor cell killing effects of the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine in ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr NG07. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-NG07
reactivedepositionofChannelandInsulatingLayersfor tFtApplicationsat Ambientt emperaturesusingaremoteHighdensityPlasma (2009)

A novel RF-plasma sputter deposition technique is described in detail for the deposition of critical layers for thin-film transistor applications. Dielectric materials of hafnia and aluminium nitride are described and breakdown of hafnia is measured at an electric field strength of greater than 10MV/cm. Channel layers of zinc oxide and indium zinc oxide have been deposited in thin film transistor structures and the field effect mobility for indium zinc oxide has been measured as >10cm 2 V -1 s -1 with a switching ratio of >10 6 . The deposition technique described uses reactive depositions of these materials from metallic targets providing a high level of control of the material properties, and significantly enables the deposition of all the materials to be performed in ambient conditions.
Oncolytic Virotherapy of Canine and Feline Cancer (2014)

Cancer is the leading cause of disease-related death in companion animals such as dogs and cats. Despite recent progress in the diagnosis and treatment of advanced canine and feline cancer, overall patient treatment outcome has not been substantially improved. Virotherapy using oncolytic viruses is one promising new strategy for cancer therapy. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) preferentially infect and lyse cancer cells, without causing excessive damage to surrounding healthy tissue, and initiate tumor-specific immunity. The current review describes the use of different oncolytic viruses for cancer therapy and their application to canine and feline cancer.
Mouse Paneth cell defensins: primary structures and antibacterial activities of numerous cryptdin isoforms (1994)

Cryptdins are antimicrobial peptides of the defensin family that are produced by intestinal Paneth cells. mRNAs encoding 17 cryptdin isoforms have been characterized from a cDNA library generated from a single jejunal crypt. Six cryptdin cDNAs correspond to known peptides, and the remainder predict 11 novel Paneth cell defensins. Most cryptdin cDNAs have > or = 93% nucleotide sequence identity overall, except for cryptdin 4 and 5 cDNAs, whose respective mature peptide-encoding regions are only 74 and 78% identical to that of cryptdin 1. Cryptdin cDNAs differ at a small number of nucleotide positions: frequent substitutions were found in codons 38 and 52 of the propiece and in codons 68, 73, 76, 87, and 89 of the deduced peptides; cDNA clones with changes in codons 74, 83, and 88 were found, but there were fewer of these. The antimicrobial activities of cryptdins 1 to 6 were tested against Escherichia coli ML35 in two assays. In an agar diffusion assay, the potencies of cryptdins 1 to 3, 5, and 6 were approximately equivalent to that of rabbit neutrophil defensin NP-1 but cryptdin 4 was 30 times more active than NP-1. In a bactericidal assay system, cryptdins 1 and 3 to 6 were equally active at 10 micrograms/ml but cryptdin 2 and rabbit NP-1 were not active at this concentration. Since cryptdins 2 and 3 differ only at residue 10 (Thr and Lys, respectively), this amino acid appears to function in bactericidal interaction with E. coli. The demonstration that Paneth cells express a diverse population of microbicidal defensins further implicates cryptdins in restricting colonization or invasion of small intestinal epithelium by bacteria.
Genetic and serological analysis of the expression of crossreactive idiotypic determinants on anti-p-azobenzenarsonate antibodies and p-azobenzenarsonate-specific suppressor T cell factors. (1981)

Data are reported on the genetic control and structure of antigen-specific suppressive molecules obtained from azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific suppressor T cells (Ts). Ts-derived suppressor factors (TsFs) were previously shown to bear determinants encoded by genes of the I-J subregion of the H-3 major histocompatibility complex and structures encoded by VH (variable region of heavy chains) genes linked to the Igh locus. To further characterize TsF we have made use of a K light (L) chain variable region (VK) genetic marker linked to the locus governing expression of a crossreactive idiotype on anti-ABA antibodies. The experiments evaluated the possible contribution to TsF of structures under control of the VK locus. TsF was prepared in strains of mice with known Igh and VK genes. Mice carrying Igh-1e genes produced TsF that was retained by an immunoadsorbent containing bound anti-idiotype antibodies; the genetic constitution at the VK locus was not relevant. By using a panel of anti-idiotypic antibodies prepared against the antigen-binding site of antibody carrying the idiotype, against determinants outside the site or against VH structures, we determined that idiotypic structures on the TsF are associated with V-region elements associated with the H chain and not with the binding site formed by a VH-BL combination.
Effect of Molecular Structure of Cationic Surfactants on Biophysical Interactions of Surfactant-Modified Nanoparticles with a Model Membrane and Cellular Uptake (2009)

The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the molecular structure of cationic surfactants at the nanoparticle (NP) interface influences the biophysical interactions of NPs with a model membrane and cellular uptake of NPs. Polystyrene NPs (surfactant-free, 130 nm) were modified with cationic surfactants. These surfactants were of either dichained (didodecyldimethylammonium bromide [DMAB]) or single-chained (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide [CTAB] and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide [DTAB]) forms, with the latter two having different hydrophobic chain lengths. Biophysical interactions of these surfactant-modified NPs with an endothelial cell model membrane (EMM) were studied using a Langmuir film balance. Changes in surface pressure (SP) of EMM as a function of time following interaction with NPs and in the compression isotherm (pi-A) of the lipid mixture of EMM in the presence of NPs were analyzed. Langmuir-Schaeffer (LS) films, which are EMMs that have been transferred onto a suitable substrate, were imaged by atomic force microscopy (AFM), and the images were analyzed to determine the mechanisms of the NP-EMM interaction. DMAB-modified NPs showed a greater increase in SP and a shift toward higher mean molecular area (mmA) than CTAB- and DTAB-modified NPs, indicating stronger interactions of DMAB-modified NPs with the EMM. However, analysis of the AFM phase and height images of the LS films revealed that both DMAB- and CTAB-modified NPs interacted with the EMM but via different mechanisms: DMAB-modified NPs penetrated the EMM, thus explaining the increase in SP, whereas CTAB-modified NPs anchored onto the EMM's condensed lipid domains and hence did not cause any significant change in SP. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells showed greater uptake of DMAB- and CTAB-modified NPs than of DTAB-modified or unmodified NPs. We conclude that (i) the dichained and single-chained cationic surfactants on NPs have different mechanisms of interaction with the model membrane and that (ii) NPs that demonstrate greater biophysical interactions with the membrane also show greater cellular uptake. Biophysical interactions of NPs with a model membrane thus could be effectively used for developing nanocarriers with optimized surface properties for drug delivery and imaging applications.
Death receptor 6 (DR6) antagonist antibody is neuroprotective in the mouse SOD1G93A model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2013)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the death of motor neurons, axon degeneration, and denervation of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ). Here we show that death receptor 6 (DR6) levels are elevated in spinal cords from post-mortem samples of human ALS and from SOD1(G93A) transgenic mice, and DR6 promotes motor neuron death through activation of the caspase 3 signaling pathway. Blocking DR6 with antagonist antibody 5D10 promotes motor neuron survival in vitro via activation of Akt phosphorylation and inhibition of the caspase 3 signaling pathway, after growth factor withdrawal, sodium arsenite treatment or co-culture with SOD1(G93A) astrocytes. Treatment of SOD1(G93A) mice at an asymptomatic stage starting on the age of 42 days with 5D10 protects NMJ from denervation, decreases gliosis, increases survival of motor neurons and CC1(+) oligodendrocytes in spinal cord, decreases phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH) levels in serum, and promotes motor functional improvement assessed by increased grip strength. The combined data provide clear evidence for neuroprotective effects of 5D10. Blocking DR6 function represents a new approach for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders involving motor neuron death and axon degeneration, such as ALS.
Experimental study of circular-scan time-domain active imaging by using broadband antipodal Fermi antenna (2006)

In this paper, the time domain characteristics of the APFA were investigated experimentally. Also a monostatic pulse radar was developed using APFA and applied to the circular-scan time-domain imaging. The real-time imaging by the array of APFA remains as a future work.
Polyhydroxamic acid as an efficient metal chelator and flocculant for wastewater treatment (2020)

Hydroxamic acid containing organic polymeric flocculants were synthesized from three different commercially available polymeric flocculants, such as WAS590, Zetag 4100, and Zetag 4110. These three polymers are acrylamide and acrylic acid‐based copolymers with different molecular weights and anionic charge density. The conversion of the amide groups to hydroxamic acid groups in the polymers was carried out by the reaction with hydroxylamine at pH 14. The modified polymers were characterized for structure and composition by elemental analysis, FTIR, and NMR. The chelation activity of the modified polymers was determined toward iron (Fe 3+ ) and copper (Cu 2+ ). The flocculation activity of the non‐modified and modified polymers was evaluated toward produced water and scrubber water. The results showed that all the modified flocculants exhibit better chelation with Fe 3+ and Cu 2+ . In addition, the modified polymers display improved flocculation effect on tested wastewater.
A domain-specific approach to heterogeneous parallelism (2011)

Exploiting heterogeneous parallel hardware currently requires mapping application code to multiple disparate programming models. Unfortunately, general-purpose programming models available today can yield high performance but are too low-level to be accessible to the average programmer. We propose leveraging domain-specific languages (DSLs) to map high-level application code to heterogeneous devices. To demonstrate the potential of this approach we present OptiML, a DSL for machine learning. OptiML programs are implicitly parallel and can achieve high performance on heterogeneous hardware with no modification required to the source code. For such a DSL-based approach to be tractable at large scales, better tools are required for DSL authors to simplify language creation and parallelization. To address this concern, we introduce Delite, a system designed specifically for DSLs that is both a framework for creating an implicitly parallel DSL as well as a dynamic runtime providing automated targeting to heterogeneous parallel hardware. We show that OptiML running on Delite achieves single-threaded, parallel, and GPU performance superior to explicitly parallelized MATLAB code in nearly all cases.
Enhancing the efficiency of SnS solar cells via band-offset engineering with a zinc oxysulfide buffer layer (2013)

SnS is a promising earth-abundant material for photovoltaic applications. Heterojuction solar cells were made by vapor deposition of p-type tin(II) sulfide, SnS, and n-type zinc oxysulfide, Zn(O,S), using a device structure of soda-lime glass/Mo/SnS/Zn(O,S)/ZnO/ITO. A record efficiency was achieved for SnS-based thin-film solar cells by varying the oxygen-to-sulfur ratio in Zn(O,S). Increasing the sulfur content in Zn(O,S) raises the conduction band offset between Zn(O,S) and SnS to an optimum slightly positive value. A record SnS/Zn(O,S) solar cell with a S/Zn ratio of 0.37 exhibits short circuit current density (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), and fill factor (FF) of 19.4 mA/cm2, 0.244 V, and 42.97%, respectively, as well as an NREL-certified total-area power-conversion efficiency of 2.04% and an uncertified active-area efficiency of 2.46%.
First-in-human immunoPET imaging of HIV-1 infection using 89Zr-labeled VRC01 broadly neutralizing antibody (2022)

A major obstacle to achieving long-term antiretroviral (ART) free remission or functional cure of HIV infection is the presence of persistently infected cells that establish a long-lived viral reservoir. HIV largely resides in anatomical regions that are inaccessible to routine sampling, however, and non-invasive methods to understand the longitudinal tissue-wide burden of HIV persistence are urgently needed. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a promising strategy to identify and characterize the tissue-wide burden of HIV. Here, we assess the efficacy of using immunoPET imaging to characterize HIV reservoirs and identify anatomical foci of persistent viral transcriptional activity using a radiolabeled HIV Env-specific broadly neutralizing antibody, <sup>89</sup>Zr-VRC01, in HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia and on suppressive ART compared to uninfected controls (NCT03729752). We also assess the relationship between PET tracer uptake in tissues and timing of ART initiation and direct HIV protein expression in CD4 T cells obtained from lymph node biopsies. We observe significant increases in <sup>89</sup>Zr-VRC01 uptake in various tissues (including lymph nodes and gut) in HIV-infected individuals with detectable viremia (N = 5) and on suppressive ART (N = 5) compared to uninfected controls (N = 5). Importantly, PET tracer uptake in inguinal lymph nodes in viremic and ART-suppressed participants significantly and positively correlates with HIV protein expression measured directly in tissue. Our strategy may allow non-invasive longitudinal characterization of residual HIV infection and lays the framework for the development of immunoPET imaging in a variety of other infectious diseases.
Preclinical Characterization of PC786, an Inhaled Small-Molecule Respiratory Syncytial Virus L Protein Polymerase Inhibitor (2017)

Although respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, attempts to develop an effective therapy have so far proved unsuccessful. Here we report the preclinical profiles of PC786, a potent nonnucleoside RSV L protein polymerase inhibitor, designed for inhalation treatment of RSV infection. PC786 demonstrated a potent and selective antiviral activity against laboratory-adapted or clinical isolates of RSV-A (50% inhibitory concentration [IC<sub>50</sub>], <0.09 to 0.71 nM) and RSV-B (IC<sub>50</sub>, 1.3 to 50.6 nM), which were determined by inhibition of cytopathic effects in HEp-2 cells without causing detectable cytotoxicity. The underlying inhibition of virus replication was confirmed by PCR analysis. The effects of PC786 were largely unaffected by the multiplicity of infection (MOI) and were retained in the face of established RSV replication in a time-of-addition study. Persistent anti-RSV effects of PC786 were also demonstrated in human bronchial epithelial cells. <i>In vivo</i> intranasal once daily dosing with PC786 was able to reduce the virus load to undetectable levels in lung homogenates from RSV-infected mice and cotton rats. Treatment with escalating concentrations identified a dominant mutation in the L protein (Y1631H) <i>in vitro</i> In addition, PC786 potently inhibited RSV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity in a cell-free enzyme assay and minigenome assay in HEp-2 cells (IC<sub>50</sub>, 2.1 and 0.5 nM, respectively). Thus, PC786 was shown to be a potent anti-RSV agent via inhibition of RdRp activity, making topical treatment with this compound a novel potential therapy for the treatment of human RSV infections.
Structural and magnetic properties of Co/Ag multilayers (1994)

The structural properties and growth of sputtered Co/Ag multilayers were studied with nuclear magnetic resonance. For samples with a nominal Co thickness of less than 10 Å the Co grows in three-dimensional islands. If the nominal Co thickness is larger than 10-Å continuous Co layers are formed. The relation of the structural properties with magnetization and magnetoresistance is discussed.
Sensorless adaptive optics for microscopy (2011)

Most implementations of adaptive optics in microscopes have not employed a wavefront sensor, but have instead
used sensorless aberration correction methods. In these systems, the aberration is determined indirectly through
the optimisation of a quality metric, such as image intensity. We explain the principles behind this approach and
show how efficient correction schemes can be developed using suitable mathematical models. In particular, we
explain how the correct choice of aberration expansion enables the independent measurement of each aberration
mode via a simple quadratic maximisation.
Critical damping constant of a spin torque oscillator with a perpendicularly magnetized free layer and an in-plane magnetized reference layer (2015)

We theoretically analyzed the effects of damping on spin torque induced oscillation in a spin torque oscillator with a perpendicularly magnetized free layer and an in-plane magnetized reference layer. It was found that there exists an unexpectedly small critical damping constant, above which no steady-state oscillation can be excited by spin torque. It was also found that the critical damping constant is almost independent of the anisotropy constants but increases with the spin polarization of the injected current.
The Input Impedance of Common-Mode and Differential-Mode Noise Separators (2014)

This paper discusses the Δ-networks and other circuits designed to separate the conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) into its common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) components. The input impedances of CM/DM separators must be 50 Ω resistive in the measurement frequency range, and they must be independent of the values of the noise signals and noise source impedances. The conditions for achieving such input impedances are derived. It is shown that many of the proposed separators, including the Δ-network suggested in the International Special Committee on Radio Interference (CISPR) 16-1-2 standard, do not fulfill the input impedance requirement. This leads to unreliable CM and DM measurements and, consequently, to the oversizing of EMI filters and design by trial and error.
Effect of Trace Water on the Growth of Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots (2015)

We report that trace amounts of water impurities in indium myristate precursors can negatively impact indium phosphide nanoparticle growth by limiting its size tunability. Without water, the growth can be effectively tuned by growth temperature and time with the first absorption peak reaching 620 nm; with water, the growth presents a “focused” behavior with the first absorption peak remaining around 550 nm. The results imply that water impurities, either from indium acetate derived indium precursors or generated in situ during nanoparticle growth, may be the cause of the currently observed inhibited growth behavior of indium phosphide quantum dots. We use multistage microfluidic reactors to show that this inhibiting effect occurs at the late stage of particle growth, following precursor depletion. We extend our study by showing that trace amounts of free hydroxide can also inhibit nanoparticle growth. We attribute the inhibited growth behavior to the hydroxylation effect of water or free hydroxide.
Self-assembled hexagonal double fishnets as negative index materials (2011)

We show experimentally the use of nanosphere lithography for fabricating negative index metamaterials in the near-infrared wavelength range. We investigated a specific implementation of the widely studied double fishnet metamaterials, consisting of a gold-silica-gold layer stack perforated by a hexagonal array of round holes. Tuning of the hole diameter allows to tailor these self-assembled materials as single- or double negative metamaterials.
Remotely Keyed CryptoGraphics - Secure Remote Display Access Using (Mostly) Untrusted Hardware - Extended Version (2004)

Software that covertly monitors user actions, also known as spyware, has become a first-level security threat due to its ubiquity and the difficulty of detecting and removing it. Such software may be inadvertently installed by a user that is casually browsing the web, or may be purposely installed by an attacker or even the owner of a system. This is particularly problematic in the case of utility computing, early manifestations of which are Internet cafes and thin-client computing. Traditional trusted computing approaches offer a partial solution to this by significantly increasing the size of the trusted computing base (TCB) to include the operating system and other software. We examine the problem of protecting a user accessing specific services in such an environment. We focus on secure video broadcasts and remote desktop access when using any convenient, and often untrusted, terminal as two example applications. We posit that, at least for such applications, the TCB can be confined to a suitably modified graphics processing unit (GPU). Specifically, to prevent spyware on untrusted clients from accessing the user's data, we restrict the boundary of trust to the client's GPU by moving image decryption into GPUs. We use the GPU in order to leverage existing capabilities as opposed to designing a new component from scratch. We discuss the applicability of GPU-based decryption in these two sample scenarios and identify the limitations of the current generation of GPUs. We propose straightforward modifications to future GPUs that will allow the realization of the full approach.