gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structured Neural Models and Structured Decoding for Natural Language Processing (2020)

Neural sequence models have been applied with great success to a variety of tasks in natural language processing in recent years. However, because they generate their outputs one token at a time from left to right, they are not immediately suitable for domains where non-trivial output constraints must be satisfied for well-formedness, or where parallel decoding may be desirable for higher throughput. In this dissertation, we explore how we can overcome these limitations through the use of more highly structured models and more flexibly structured decoding algorithms.On the modeling side, we first introduce a span-based neural model for constituency parsing that permits efficient, globally optimal decoding over the space of parse trees using a chart-based dynamic program. We then present the Abstract Syntax Network, a tree-structured neural model for code generation whose scoring modules are composed together in a way that mirrors the syntactic structure of the program being produced. Next, turning to more flexible decoding algorithms for sequences, we demonstrate how the Transformer sequence model can be extended to accommodate blockwise parallel decoding for significant improvements in decoding speed without compromising accuracy. Finally, we present the Insertion Transformer, an insertion-based sequence model that enables out-of-order generation and logarithmic-time parallel decoding.
[Modification of the image quality of i.v. DSA by the iodine concentration of the contrast medium]. (1985)

In randomised, double-blind clinical trials it could be demonstrated that in iv. DSA the image quality is reduced if the iodine concentration of the nonionic contrast medium iopromide is higher than 370 mgI/ml, the total amount of injected iodine being constant. This effect is due to the increased viscosity of contrast media containing a high iodine concentration per ml solution. The increased viscosity produces a longer transit time of the contrast material from the injection site to the target region. Due to this effect there is an increased dilution of contrast material with blood.
Reductions of diterpene epoxides. A partial synthesis of 8.beta.-hydroxyisopimar-15-ene (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductions of diterpene epoxides. A partial synthesis of 8.beta.-hydroxyisopimar-15-enePaolo Ceccherelli, Massimo Curini, Roberto Pellicciari, Rita Coccia, and Ernest WenkertCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 18, 3587–3589Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00139a051RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (418 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 18652: Biophysics of Sonoporation for Gene Delivery: Shear Stress Initiates Endothelial Plasma Membrane Perforation and Calcium Signaling (2016)

Background: Ultrasound (US)-stimulated microbubbles (MBs) are emerging as a target-specific non-viral gene delivery platform for the treatment of vascular disease. The nature of MB-cell interaction...
Ignition Probability and Absolute Minimum Ignition Energy in Fuel Sprays (1992)

Abstract Ignition in a one dimensional spray by a short duration source is modeled numerically. The probabilistic nature of spray ignition is discussed using a deterministic approach. The ignition source is modeled by a hot gas region of a defined thickness simulating a pilot flame or a low temperature spark source. For a given drop spacing, the location of the droplet closest to the ignition source determines whether or not the spray ignites. The bounds of droplet location beyond which the spray will not ignite define a droplet location domain for successful spray ignition. The ratio of length of this domain to droplet spacing is defined to be ignition probability. Ignition probabilities and ignition energies are presented for different ignition source thicknesses and overall equivalence ratios. The absolute minimum ignition energy is then obtained at the limit of zero probability. Temperature and fuel species profiles, along with droplet radii and location information, are also presented.
A left bundle branch block activation sequence and ventricular pacing influence voltage amplitudes: anin vivoandin silicostudy (2018)

In patients and computer models without scar, lower septal unipolar voltage amplitudes are exclusively associated with an LBBB activation sequence. Pacing substantially affects voltage amplitudes, particularly at the epicardium.
Top-Down Analysis of Temporal Hierarchy in Biochemical Reaction Networks (2008)

The study of dynamic functions of large-scale biological networks has intensified in recent years. A critical component in developing an understanding of such dynamics involves the study of their hierarchical organization. We investigate the temporal hierarchy in biochemical reaction networks focusing on: (1) the elucidation of the existence of "pools" (i.e., aggregate variables) formed from component concentrations and (2) the determination of their composition and interactions over different time scales. To date the identification of such pools without prior knowledge of their composition has been a challenge. A new approach is developed for the algorithmic identification of pool formation using correlations between elements of the modal matrix that correspond to a pair of concentrations and how such correlations form over the hierarchy of time scales. The analysis elucidates a temporal hierarchy of events that range from chemical equilibration events to the formation of physiologically meaningful pools, culminating in a network-scale (dynamic) structure-(physiological) function relationship. This method is validated on a model of human red blood cell metabolism and further applied to kinetic models of yeast glycolysis and human folate metabolism, enabling the simplification of these models. The understanding of temporal hierarchy and the formation of dynamic aggregates on different time scales is foundational to the study of network dynamics and has relevance in multiple areas ranging from bacterial strain design and metabolic engineering to the understanding of disease processes in humans.
Phase 1 trial of anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox combined with rituximab for relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia. (2021)

7036 Background: Anti-CD22 recombinant immunotoxin moxetumomab pasudotox (Moxe) is FDA-approved for hairy cell leukemia (HCL) patients who have received at least two prior systemic therapies including a purine nucleoside analog. In phase 3 testing the complete remission (CR) rate was 41%, and response was higher in patients with lower tumor burden and lower titers of antidrug antibodies (ADA). Phase 1 testing indicated that most CRs were without minimal residual disease (MRD) and eradication of MRD was associated with prolonged CR duration. Monoclonal antibody (Mab) rituximab binds to CD20 on HCL cells and induces apoptosis or immune-mediated killing, but as a single-agent achieved only 13% CRs in relapsed HCL requiring therapy. In a phase 1 trial to determine safety, rituximab was combined with Moxe, with the goal to help reduce tumor burden and to prevent or delay ADA by killing normal B-cells. Methods: To allow rituximab sufficient time to accomplish both goals, it was infused 3 days before day 1 of cycle 1 at 375 mg/m 2 , and Moxe was given by 30-minute infusion on days 1, 3 and 5. On repeat cycles of Moxe days 1, 3 and 5, rituximab was given on day 1. Cycles were generally spaced 4 weeks apart. Moxe was begun at a lower dose, 30 rather than the 40 mcg/kg dose used in phase 3 in case the rituximab would increase its toxicity. Bone marrow aspirate flow cytometry, which can detect 0.002% HCL cells, was the most sensitive test used for MRD detection, much more sensitive than BRAF V600E digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) or bone marrow biopsy immunohistochemistry (IHC). Patients could receive 4 cycles past MRD-free CR, but not more than 8 cycles. Results: Three patients received Moxe at 30 mcg/Kg/dose and 6 received 40 mcg/Kg/dose, all without dose limiting toxicity (DLT). There was no evidence of hemolytic uremic syndrome or capillary leak syndrome. To prevent intravascular hypovolemia due to expected third spacing, patients were encouraged to drink one cup per hour of water or other fluid from days 1 to 8 and take dexamethasone 4 mg orally if headache or nausea prevented good oral hydration. Of the 9 patients, 7 (78%) achieved CR after 2 (n = 6) or 3 (n = 1) cycles, and achieved MRD-free CR after 2 (n = 3), 4 (n = 3) or 6 (n = 1) cycles. No patients became infected with COVID-19. Conclusions: This phase 1 trial met its primary endpoint of determining whether rituximab could be safely combined with Moxe and will enroll 4 additional patients to further access clinical activity. Further testing will determine whether addition of a CD20 Mab to Moxe significantly improves clinical outcome compared to Moxe alone, particularly long-term MRD-free CR rate. Clinical trial information: NCT03805932.
Task Preservation of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Motion Using Interaction Mode Control (2006)

Recently, skill preservation of an expert and skill training have been a serious problem of the medical or production fields. This paper proposes a task preservation and reproduction of multi-degree-of-freedom motion using interaction mode control based on bilateral motion control. The proposed task preservation system is composed of two modes; acquisition mode and reproduction mode. In the acquisition mode, the control system is based on bilateral control. Since a touching motion is subject to the "law of action and reaction", it is possible to decompose force information into action force and reaction force by using the bilateral control. Furthermore, human motion is acquired in decoupled modal space by using the mode quarry matrix. The decoupled modes correspond to "moving", "yawing", "grasping" tasks, and so on. Thus the multi-degree-of-freedom motion by a human is easily obtained and analyzed in the modal space. In the reproduction mode, the acquired human motion is reproduced in the modal space by using the interaction mode control. The proposed task preservation system is applied for grasping motion by three fingers. The experimental results show viability of the proposed method
Preferred Orientation and Mechanical Properties of Pressureless Sintered Silicon Nitride (1986)

α型窒化ケイ素に適当な加熱処理を加えることによって, 粒状のα型と針状のβ型窒化ケイ素結晶からなる混合粉末を得た. これをコールドプレス成形して常圧焼結すると, β-Si3N4のc軸がコールドプレス方向に対して垂直に配向性をもった. 焼結体表面近傍では, β-Si3N4が表面に沿って長柱状に成長するため, 配向性は特異な変化をした. 配向の程度は混合粉末中に含まれるβ-Si3N4の量及び, 成形圧力に依存した. ビッカース微小硬度と3点曲げ強度は, この配向性に由来して異方性を示した.
VS2 Nanotubes Containing Organic‐Amine Templates from the NT‐VOx Precursors and Reversible Copper Intercalation in NT‐VS2 (2004)

Softly, softly: VS2 nanotubes (see electron micrograph, layer separation 1.6 nm) are prepared from vanadium oxide nanotubes by a “chimie douce” process. The VS2 nanotubes are remarkably stable; the corresponding bulk compound is unstable unless it is intercalated with alkali-metal atoms. The nanotubes reversibly intercalate copper with high capacity and thus could serve as precursors for conductors or contacts in electronic circuitry.
Comprehensive variation discovery in single human genomes (2014)

Complete knowledge of the genetic variation in individual human genomes is a crucial foundation for understanding the etiology of disease. Genetic variation is typically characterized by sequencing individual genomes and comparing reads to a reference. Existing methods do an excellent job of detecting variants in approximately 90% of the human genome; however, calling variants in the remaining 10% of the genome (largely low-complexity sequence and segmental duplications) is challenging. To improve variant calling, we developed a new algorithm, DISCOVAR, and examined its performance on improved, low-cost sequence data. Using a newly created reference set of variants from the finished sequence of 103 randomly chosen fosmids, we find that some standard variant call sets miss up to 25% of variants. We show that the combination of new methods and improved data increases sensitivity by several fold, with the greatest impact in challenging regions of the human genome.
Draft Genome Sequence of an Anthracimycin Producer, Streptomyces sp. TP-A0875 (2015)

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of an anthracimycin producer, Streptomyces sp. TP-A0875. The genome contains at least two type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters, two type II PKS gene clusters, and three nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene clusters. The gene cluster for anthracimycin biosynthesis was identified based on the PKS domain organization.
Direct Growth and Fabrication of Tungsten Coated GaN Nanowire Probes on Cantilevers for Scanning Probe Microscopy (2022)

Gallium nitride nanowires (NWs) grown on silicon-on-insulator wafers by means of selective area epitaxy are directly integrated into scanning probe cantilever fabrication. These cantilevers with NW probe tips are coated with tungsten by atomic layer deposition to take measurements on gold embedded in silicon to test the RF response of the cantilever to changes in the material properties. The sensitivity of the cantilever RF capacitance measurement was tested on a microcapacitor reference sample with 0.7 – 7.1 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu {m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> microcapacitors on 10 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$nm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> steps. These probes have an estimated noise-limited sensitivity of 12.5 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$aF$ </tex-math></inline-formula> , demonstrating the first RF cantilever with a selectively grown NW probe tip. [2021-0240]
Mesothelin-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate (MSLN-TTC): Preclinical Evaluation of a New Targeted Alpha Therapy for Mesothelin-Positive Cancers (2019)

These promising preclinical results supported the transition of BAY 2287411 into a clinical phase I program in mesothelioma and ovarian cancer patients (NCT03507452).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of 4‐Alicyclic (Hydroxy)methyl‐ and 4‐Hydroxyalicyclic‐1,2,3‐benzotriazines. (1986)

Abstract The indazoles (IIa) and (IIb) are obtained from (I) by a known procedure.
Enhancement of the Tolerogenic Phenotype in the Liver by ImmTOR Nanoparticles (2021)

ImmTOR biodegradable nanoparticles encapsulating rapamycin have been shown to induce a durable tolerogenic immune response to co-administered biologics and gene therapy vectors. Prior mechanism of action studies have demonstrated selective biodistribution of ImmTOR to the spleen and liver following intravenous (IV) administration. In the spleen, ImmTOR has been shown to induce tolerogenic dendritic cells and antigen-specific regulatory T cells and inhibit antigen-specific B cell activation. Splenectomy of mice resulted in partial but incomplete abrogation of the tolerogenic immune response induced by ImmTOR. Here we investigated the ability of ImmTOR to enhance the tolerogenic environment in the liver. All the major resident populations of liver cells, including liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), Kupffer cells (KC), stellate cells (SC), and hepatocytes, actively took up fluorescent-labeled ImmTOR particles, which resulted in downregulation of MHC class II and co-stimulatory molecules and upregulation of the PD-L1 checkpoint molecule. The LSEC, known to play an important role in hepatic tolerance induction, emerged as a key target cell for ImmTOR. LSEC isolated from ImmTOR treated mice inhibited antigen-specific activation of ovalbumin-specific OT-II T cells. The tolerogenic environment led to a multi-pronged modulation of hepatic T cell populations, resulting in an increase in T cells with a regulatory phenotype, upregulation of PD-1 on CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, and the emergence of a large population of CD4<sup>-</sup>CD8<sup>-</sup> (double negative) T cells. ImmTOR treatment protected mice in a concanavalin A-induced model of acute hepatitis, as evidenced by reduced production of inflammatory cytokines, infiltrate of activated leukocytes, and tissue necrosis. Modulation of T cell phenotype was seen to a lesser extent after administration by empty nanoparticles, but not free rapamycin. The upregulation of PD-1, but not the appearance of double negative T cells, was inhibited by antibodies against PD-L1 or CTLA-4. These results suggest that the liver may contribute to the tolerogenic properties of ImmTOR treatment.
A ballistic performance study on particle-infused elastomeric systems (2018)

The present study investigates the complex multiscale dynamic response of particle-filled systems in an effort to link the bulk material behavior to strain-rate activated microstructures. These investigations involve multiphase systems consisting of micron-sized ceramic powders integrated within a siloxane elastomer to create flexible composites having varying inclusion properties. In particular, the effects of varying particle volume fraction, strength, and density are under investigation. The experimental investigation concerns the ballistic penetration of composite targets that are impacted by 16-grain blunt-nosed steel projectiles in the range of 200 - 900 m s−1. The results are compared to an analytical penetration model in order to shed light on the dominant penetration mechanisms and their relationship to the composite microstructure.
Abstract 307: GPR120/FFAR4 activation by fatty acid 16:4(n-3) plays a key role in resistance to chemotherapy (2016)

Abstract Although chemotherapy is designed to eradicate tumor cells it also has a significant impact on normal tissues. These host-responses can have large effects on the efficacy of treatment and overall survival. Fatty acids are increasingly recognized to play important signaling roles. 12-S-HHT and 16:4(n-3) are two platinum-induced fatty acids (PIFAs) that induce systemic resistance to a broad range of DNA-damaging chemotherapeutics. PIFAs exert their chemoprotective effect on tumor cells via an indirect mechanism involving splenic F4/80+/CD11blow macrophages. Here we identified GPR120 on mouse and human splenic macrophages as the relevant receptor for 16:4(n-3). GPR120 (FFAR4) is a free fatty acid receptor that binds medium- to long-chain fatty acids and omega-3 fatty acids and is involved in anti-inflammatory response and metabolic control. Although both GPR40 (FFAR1) and GPR120 can be activated by 16:4(n-3) in vitro, only inhibition or genetic loss of GPR120 was able to block 16:4(n-3)-mediated chemoresistance in vivo. Activation of the 16:4(n-3)-GPR120 axis led to enhanced cPLA2 activity in splenic macrophages resulting in the production and secretion of resistance-inducing lysophosphatidylcholine 24:1 (LPC(24:1)). Taken together, we identified a novel function for GPR120. Activation by 16:4(n-3) leads to enhanced cPLA2 activity and production of LPC(24:1) resulting in chemotherapy resistance. Citation Format: Julia Houthuijzen, Ilse Oosterom, Brian Hudson, Akira Hirasawa, Laura Daenen, Chelsea McLean, Steffen Hansen, Marijn van Jaarsveld, Daniel Peeper, sahar Jafari Sadatmand, Jeanine Roodhart, Chris van de Lest, Trond Ulven, Kenji Ishihara, Graeme Milligan, Emile Voest. GPR120/FFAR4 activation by fatty acid 16:4(n-3) plays a key role in resistance to chemotherapy. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 307.
A Study on Decoupling Method for Two PIFAs Using Parasitic Elements and Bridge Line (2020)

In this study, a novel decoupling method using parasitic elements (PEs) connected by a bridge line (BL) for two planar inverted-F antennas (PIFAs) is proposed. The proposed method is developed from a well-known decoupling method that uses a BL to directly connect antenna elements. When antenna elements are connected directly by a BL, strong mutual coupling can be reduced, but the resonant frequency shifts to a different frequency. Hence, to shift the resonant frequency toward the desired frequency, the original size of the antenna elements must be adjusted. This is disadvantageous if the method is applied in cases where the design conditions render it difficult to connect the antennas directly or adjust the original antenna size. Therefore, to easily reduce mutual coupling in such a case, a decoupling method that does not require both connecting antennas directly and adjusting the original antenna size is necessitated. This study demonstrates that using PEs connected by a BL reduces the mutual coupling from -6.6 to -14.1dB, and that the resonant frequency is maintained at the desired frequency (2.0GHz) without having to adjust the original PIFAs size. In addition, impedance matching can be adjusted to the desired frequency, resulting in an improved total antenna efficiency from 77.4% to 94.6%. This method is expected to be a simple and effective approach for reducing the mutual coupling between larger numbers of PIFA elements in the future.