gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Zinc oxide nanorod-based heterostructures on solid and soft substrates for white-light-emitting diode applications (2009)

ZnO nanorods with excellent optical and electro-optical emission characteristics were grown using high- and low-temperature techniques on solid and soft substrate materials. The solid crystalline substrates included p-4H-SiC and p-GaN, while the soft amorphous substrates included p-type polymers deposited on glass and flexible plastic. Two different growth approaches were used to produce these samples. We used the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) technique (high temperature) and aqueous chemical growth (ACG), which is a low-temperature technique. These ZnO nanorod samples were characterized by room temperature photoluminescence (PL) and processed to fabricate light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The LED characteristics were further investigated by I–V and electroluminescence (EL). As observed by PL measurements, all samples revealed a sharp narrow ultraviolet (UV) peak due to band-edge emission, indicating the good crystalline quality of the grown ZnO nanorods. The origin of the different peaks within the visible region was correlated to different deep level defects reported earlier for ZnO. All fabricated LEDs showed EL providing a wide band extended through the whole visible spectrum and hence produced clear white light observable to the naked eye. The emitted color quality investigation showed that superior color quality was manifested in a high color rendering index and stable color under current variation, indicating that these heterojunction and hybrid LEDs have potential for the development of future light sources. The ZnO nanorod-based LEDs grown by low-temperature ACG on glass and flexible plastic can, after further development, be candidates for future large-area white-light sources.
Inter-Cell Interference and Load Balancing Aware Access Point Placement in Small-Cell Networks. (2020)

In this paper, we provide solutions to the access point (AP) placement problem taking into consideration inter-cell interference (ICI) and load balancing (LB) since these have become of fundamental importance due to the expected network ultra-densification of 5G & Beyond systems. First, to minimize ICI and consequently enhance achievable throughput, we design two Lloyd-type algorithms, namely, the Interference Lloyd algorithm and the Inter-AP Lloyd algorithm, both of which incorporate ICI in their distortion functions. Results show that both of the proposed algorithms provide superior 95%-likely rate over the traditional Lloyd algorithm and the Inter-AP Lloyd algorithm yields a significant increase of up to 36.34% in achievable rate over the Lloyd algorithm. Second, to address the need for LB and consequently incorporate fairness in user spectral access, we modify the Lloyd algorithm so that delays incurred by the existence of a large number of users within the same cell are accounted for. Accordingly, this involves re-assigning users from higher to lower occupancy cells along with a distance threshold to cap the throughput lost in the process. The formulated Lloyd-type algorithm is called the Cell Equalized Lloyd Algorithm-$\alpha$ (CELA-$\alpha$) where $\alpha$ is a factor allowing throughput and spectrum access delay trade-off. Simulations show that for various $\alpha$ values, up to a 20.83% gain in 95%-likely user spectral access is observed with minimal decrease in throughput.
Mechanism of Palladium/Amine Cocatalyzed Carbocyclization of Aldehydes with Alkynes and Its Merging with “Pd Oxidase Catalysis” (2014)

The reaction mechanism for the palladium and amine cocatalyzed carbocyclization of aldehydes with alkynes has been investigated by means of density functional theory calculations and experiments. The Pd/amine cocatalyzed transformation is a carbocyclization of in situ generated enaminynes where the C-C bond-forming step is most likely promoted by a Pd(II) species. Notably, the latent Pd(0)/Pd(II) catalytic redox cycle of this metal/organo cooperative catalytic reaction can be merged with catalytic direct aerobic alcohol oxidation (Pd oxidase catalysis). (Chemical Equation Presented).
An industrializable Silicon-based microhotplate for metal oxides gas sensors (2014)

International audience
Nonlinear optical microwave interactions in microstrip linear resonators in GaAs (1994)

Abstract A new optoelectronic mixer parametric amplifier has been fabricated in semiinsulating GaAs using a microstrip linear resonator structure with photoconductive gaps. Schottky contacts were used to produce nonlinear response characteristics, which were characterized with optical and microwave excitations. Harmonic frequencies were optically generated up to 14.6 GHz by illuminating the photoconductive gap with a GaAlAs laser diode modulated near the fundamental resonant frequency of 4.9 GHz. An optical input at frequency f rf was mixed with a microwave input at f LO to obtain sum and difference frequencies f LO ± f rf . Parametric amplification of the optical input of up to 29 dB was obtained. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Application of GPT-Free Method to Sensitivity Analysis in Monte Carlo Models (2012)

Generalized perturbation theory (GPT) has been widely applied to sensitivity analysis of engineering systems models for decades. It is proven to be an efficient tool to calculate sensitivities in various applications such as uncertainty quantification, adaptive simulation and design optimization [1-3]. GPT is computationally advantageous when the number of responses of interest is relatively small compared to the number of input parameters. However, in applications where both the number of input parameters and output responses become significantly large, GPT can become computationally intractable due to the considerable number of adjoint calculations needed. In addition, for engineering systems that are modeled stochastically, e.g., the Monte-Carlo particle transport model commonly used in reactor analysis benchmark calculation, there currently exist no general extensions of GPT theory. To enable sensitivity analysis of generalized responses in Monte-Carlo models, the GPT-free method, recently developed for deterministic models [4], is employed. GPT-free is based on the idea that the eigenvalue is implicitly dependent on all generalized responses, representing functionals of the flux vector. This implies that the sensitivities of generalized responses with respect to cross-sections can be linearly related to eigenvalue sensitivities. A reduced order model based on subspace theory employs first order derivatives of the eigenvalue with respect to cross-sections, sampled at random cross-sections values, to identify a subspace. This subspace is subsequently explored for sensitivity information for generalized responses using forward sensitivity analysis approach. This precludes the need to construct the response-specific inhomogeneous adjoint equation as required by GPT theory. This salient feature of the GPT-free method makes it particularly suitable for sensitivity analysis application in large scale models, where the construction of GPT equations is either infeasible or impractical. Ref. [4] provides details on the GPT-free theory and demonstrates its application to deterministic radiation transport models. This summary describes recent efforts to extend the applicability of GPT-free method to Monte Carlo models. As proof of principle, the method is demonstrated using a Monte Carlo EPR assembly model. GPT-FREE METHODOLOGY
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Iron Carbonyl Complexes of α,β‐ Unsaturated Acyl Silanes. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Introduction to the special issue on codes on graphs and iterative algorithms (2001)

In the 50 years since Shannon determined the capacity of ergodic channels, the construction of capacity-approaching coding schemes has been the supreme goal of coding research. Finally today, we know of practical codes and decoding algorithms that can closely approach the channel capacity of some classical memoryless channels. It is a remarkable fact motivating this special issue that all known practical, capacity-approaching coding schemes are now understood to be codes defined on graphs, together with the associated iterative decoding algorithms.
Baeyer–Villiger Monooxygenase-Mediated Synthesis of Esomeprazole As an Alternative for Kagan Sulfoxidation (2018)

A wild-type Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase was engineered to overcome numerous liabilities in order to mediate a commercial oxidation of pyrmetazole to esomeprazole, using air as the terminal oxidant in an almost exclusively aqueous reaction matrix. The developed enzyme and process compares favorably to the incumbent Kagan inspired chemocatalytic oxidation, as esomeprazole was isolated in 87% yield, in >99% purity, with an enantiomeric excess of >99%.
Origins of Enantioselectivity in Asymmetric Radical Additions to Octahedral Chiral-at-Rhodium Enolates: A Computational Study (2017)

The origin of asymmetric induction in the additions of carbon- and nitrogen-centered radicals to octahedral centrochiral rhodium enolates has been investigated with density functional theory calculations. Computed free energies of activation reproduce the preference for the experimentally observed major enantiomer. Good levels of enantioselectivity are maintained upon replacement of the bulky tert-butyl substituents on the ligands with methyl groups. Distortion-interaction analysis indicates that for both carbon- and nitrogen-centered radicals, which have relatively early and late transition states, respectively, the difference in the distortion energies controls the enantioselectivity. In the enolate derived from the Λ-configured catalyst, the tert-butyl group that shields the si face of the substrate plays the most sterically significant steric role by directly hindering access to the enolate double bond. Exploration of the effect of the N substituent size and shape on the imidazole substrate shows that compared to N-Me, N-iPr and N-Ph variants, the N-o-tolyl variant of the rhodium enolate results in the most substantial improvement in stereodiscrimination, a finding that is in agreement with experimental ee values.
Analysis of frequency domain frame detection and synchronization in OQAM-OFDM systems (2014)

For future communication systems, filter bank multicarrier schemes offer the flexibility to increase spectrum utilization in heterogeneous wireless environments by good separation of signals in the frequency domain. To fully exploit this property for frame detection and synchronization, the advantage of the filter bank should be taken at the receiver side. In this work, the concept of frequency domain processing for frame detection and synchronization is analyzed and a suitable preamble design as well as corresponding estimation algorithms is discussed. The theoretical performance of the detection and estimation schemes is derived and compared with simulation-based assessments. The results show that, even though the frequency domain algorithms are sensitive to carrier frequency offsets, satisfactory frame detection and synchronization can be achieved in the frequency domain. In comparison to time domain synchronization methods, the computational complexity increases; however, enhanced robustness in shared spectrum access scenarios is gained in case the described frequency domain approach is utilized.
Development of Pluronic Micelle-Encapsulated Doxorubicin and Formaldehyde-Releasing Prodrugs for Localized Anticancer Chemotherapy (2009)

The chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin forms drug-DNA adducts that are enhanced by formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs such as AN-9. One of the major limitations of doxorubicin is dose-limiting cardiotoxicity; therefore, the use of a targeting strategy that enables drug delivery and release at tumor sites is of great interest. The major aim of this study was to use the Pluronic-ultrasound delivery system to encapsulate doxorubicin and formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs within Pluronic micelles, and then use ultrasound to trigger controlled drug release from micelles. Pluronic micelles themselves were not stable upon dilution and required the use of a stabilizing agent DSPE-PEG2000 to form stable "mixed micelles." Following the separation of free doxorubicin, approximately 60% of doxorubicin remained encapsulated within mixed micelles with a retention half-life of approximately 12 h. The formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs, however, were not retained within mixed micelles, but could potentially be administered separately to doxorubicin-loaded micelles to achieve tumor-localized formation of doxorubicin-DNA adducts. The use of low-frequency, high-power ultrasound (20 kHz, 100 W/cm2) released 7-10% of doxorubicin from mixed micelles. Collectively, these results indicate that the Pluronic-ultrasound system could be used to deliver and release doxorubicin with the potential of forming cytotoxic DNA adducts at tumor sites with coadministrated formaldehyde-releasing prodrugs.
Buchwald-Hartwig Aminations of Aryl Chlorides: A Practical Protocol Based on Commercially Available Pd(0)-NHC Catalysts (2005)

Commercially available, air- and water-stable naphthoquinone imidazolin-2-ylidene-palladium(0) complexes were found to be highly active one-component catalysts for the amination of aryl halides. With these very robust catalysts, the expensive bases Cs2CO3 or NaOt-Bu traditionally used can be replaced by KOH. A convenient reaction protocol has been developed for the coupling of a wide range of aryl chlorides with primary or secondary amines.
Blue light emitting electrochemical cells incorporating triazole-based luminophores (2013)

We report the electrochemical, photoluminescence, and electroluminescence properties of four fluorinated cationic iridium complexes bearing pyridyltriazole ancillary ligands. All the complexes display unstructured emission in the true blue region at 298 K with photoluminescent λem ranging from 452 to 487 nm in acetonitrile solution, in powder and in PMMA doped thin films. The nature of the emission is a mixed metal-to-ligand/ligand-to-ligand charge transfer state. Photoluminescence (PL) quantum efficiencies both in solution and in the solid state were low while excited state decay kinetics were found to be multiexponential. Each complex undergoes quasi-reversible oxidation and irreversible reduction with large HOMO–LUMO gaps. A detailed computational investigation corroborates the spectroscopic assignments. Additionally, light-emitting electrochemical cells (LEECs) were fabricated for each of the four complexes. The electroluminescence (EL) spectra of all complexes were red-shifted relative to the PL spectra. The LEEC containing 2a is the bluest emitter (λmax = 487 nm) of the family of complexes.
Spectrum of Operative Treatments and Clinical Outcomes for Atraumatic Osteoarthritis of the Tarsometatarsal Joints (2007)

When feet with atraumatic tarsometatarsal osteoarthritis are classified into four main categories based on associated deformities, appropriate concurrent procedures can be done with high satisfaction and improved function scores. Pes planovalgus feet, in particular, may benefit from concurrent procedures with improved radiographic measures.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Laser Pretreatment on Strengthening the Heterojunction between Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastic and Aluminum Alloy (2019)

Besides aluminum alloys, lightweight carbon fiber-reinforced plastics (CFRPs) have been adopted progressively in automobiles to save energy and reduce emission, so constructing a reliable heterojunction between aluminum alloys and CFRPs has come to be the key issue. In this study, ultrafast picosecond infrared (IR) and excimer ultraviolet (UV) lasers were introduced to pretreat the joint surface to enhance the adhesive strength. Scanning electron microscopy, white light interferometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy examinations indicated that because the energy absorptivities for the two lasers were different, the variation of the roughness, wettability, and chemical composition were a little different for the patterned surface. Correspondingly, the shear strengths of the adhesive joints were increased from 5.6 to 24.8 and 21.9 MPa for IR and UV laser-pretreated samples, respectively. Furthermore, finite element analysis was adopted to evaluate the effects of strengthened mechanical interlocking and fortified chemical bonding force on the enhancement of joint strength. It was shown that chemical bonding, instead of mechanical interlocking, played the dominant role in reinforcing the heterogeneous joints. As a whole, the picosecond IR laser was more preferable for surface pretreatment in adhesive heterojunctions due to its higher processing and enhancing efficiency.
Scaled accumulation FETs for ultra-low power logic (2003)

Ultra-low power systems require very low standby power and operate at moderate speeds. Traditionally, the normal surface channel inversion (SCI) FET would be considered better for such applications when compared to the buried channel (BC) FET, since the BC FET has always shown more short channel effects in past research. However, past comparisons between the two FETs have been done with the highest frequency in mind and the same conclusion need not hold true for moderate speed, ultra-low power applications. Due to a better subthreshold slope and negligible band to band tunneling leakage at the drain-halo and drain-channel region, the BC FET is better suited for such applications.
Traditions of Knowledge in Old Javanese Literature, c. 1000–1500 (2005)

This article explores how Old Javanese texts, ‘literary temples’, can be used to help reconstruct the ‘textual community’ (rather than a hegemonic polity) that existed prior to Java's sixteenth-century Islamic conversions. Instead of the physical and economic might of an emerging elite, it focuses on a society's empowering acceptance and understanding of a common culture that is centered in a ritualized court. This ritualized court culture is not, however, just religiously inspired, but also develops out of Java's new generalized prosperity and the court's control over its public's access to material objects, which became the markers of social distinction.
Electrophoretic Fabrication of Positive Electrodes for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (1999)

and composite electrodes for rechargeable lithium batteries were fabricated by an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. Oxide particles were deposited on an current collector with appropriate amounts of ketjen black and polytetra‐fluoroethylene by applying a high dc voltage between two electrodes in an EPD suspension. The electrode densities were comparable to those for electrodes prepared by a conventional process. The and electrodes exhibited initial discharge capacities of 140 and , respectively. The particles adhered strongly to the current collectors. From these results, it can be concluded that the EPD method can be applied as a practical fabrication process for rechargeable lithium battery electrodes. ©2000 The Electrochemical Society
<title>Dynamics of large space-structure elements in orbit through adaptive deployment construction</title> (1993)

By using a modular maltibody dynamics code, dynamical behavior of space structure elements is investigated to get an effective construction scenario for large space systems in orbit. Deployment construction of a triangular key structure for a solar power satellite in low earth orbit is treated, and the dynamical responses through the deployment in orbit plane, orbit normal or parallel plane are simulated. Illustrative examples clearly show the large variety of resulting dynamical behavior during and after deployment construction.
Preventing Infections in Cancer Patients: Antibiotics, Hematopoetic Growth Factors or Both? a Network Analysis (2008)

Abstract Background: Infectious complications such as febrile neutropenia belong to the most serious complications of chemotherapy including stem cell transplantation for cancer. The mortality rate associated with febrile neutropenia is approximately 10%. Meta-analyses have shown that both hematological growth factors (CSFs) and antibiotics prevent infections. A comparison of these two agents or their combination has not been examined in systematic reviews. We therefore conducted a network analysis to determine the role of antibiotics and CSFs for the prophylaxis of infections in cancer patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy or hematopoetic stem cell transplantation (SCT). Methods: The network analysis included all randomized controlled trials that compared two or more of the following prophylaxis options: no prophylaxis, prophylaxis with antibiotics alone, prophylaxis using CSFs alone or prophylaxis using combinations of both, CSFs and antibiotics. Trails that did report overall survival, on study mortality, infection-related mortality, clinically documented infections, microbiologically documented infections or fever/febrile neutropenia were excluded. A Bayesian network analysis with four treatment options was performed; results are presented as odds ratios (OR) with 95% credibility intervals (CI). Results: The best prophylaxis in the network with regard to preventing infections and infection-related mortality is the combination of antibiotics and CSFs. Comparing antibiotics alone to CSFs alone yields an OR of 1.00 (95% CI 0.69–1.52) for clinically documented infections. For the combination of both antibiotics and CSFs compared to only antibiotics or only CSFs, the incidence of clinically documented infections was also reduced (OR=0.61, 95% CI (0.46–0.77)). This is also true for the subgroup of patients receiving SCT or patients with acute leukemia. Conclusions: For patients receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy, antibiotics and CSFs are similarly efficient in reducing infections. The choice of agent can therefore be based on preferences of the treating physician and the adverse events expected. The best prophylactic regimen however is the prophylaxis using both, antibiotics and CSFs. The combination should be considered for patients at high risk of developing infections such as those receiving SCT or patients with acute leukemia.
Searching for Autocoherence in the Cortical Network with a Time-Frequency Analysis of the Local Field Potential (2010)

Gamma-band peaks in the power spectrum of local field potentials (LFP) are found in multiple brain regions. It has been theorized that gamma oscillations may serve as a 'clock' signal for the purposes of precise temporal encoding of information and 'binding' of stimulus features across regions of the brain. Neurons in model networks may exhibit periodic spike firing or synchronized membrane potentials that give rise to a gamma-band oscillation that could operate as a 'clock'. The phase of the oscillation in such models is conserved over the length of the stimulus. We define these types of oscillations to be 'autocoherent'. We investigated the hypothesis that autocoherent oscillations are the basis of the experimentally observed gamma-band peaks: the autocoherent oscillator (ACO) hypothesis. To test the ACO hypothesis, we developed a new technique to analyze the autocoherence of a time-varying signal. This analysis used the continuous Gabor transform to examine the time evolution of the phase of each frequency component in the power spectrum. Using this analysis method, we formulated a statistical test to compare the ACO hypothesis with measurements of the LFP in macaque primary visual cortex, V1. The experimental data were not consistent with the ACO hypothesis. Gamma-band activity recorded in V1 did not have the properties of a 'clock' signal during visual stimulation. We propose instead that the source of the gamma-band spectral peak is the resonant V1 network driven by random inputs.