gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Dicer Binds Short Single-strand and Double-strand RNA with High Affinity and Interacts with Different Regions of the Nucleic Acids (2008)

Human Dicer is an integral component of the RNA interference pathway. Dicer processes premicro-RNA and double-strand RNA to, respectively, mature micro-RNA and short interfering RNA (siRNA) and transfers the processed products to the RNA-induced silencing complex. To better understand the factors that are important for the binding, translocation, and selective recognition of the siRNA strands, we determined the binding affinities of human Dicer for processed products (siRNA) and short single-strand RNAs (ssRNA). siRNAs and ssRNAs competitively inhibited human Dicer activity, suggesting that they are interacting with the active site of the enzyme. The dissociation constants (Kd) for unmodified siRNAs were 5-11-fold weaker compared with a 27-nucleotide double-strand RNA substrate. Chemically modified siRNAs exhibited binding affinities for Dicer comparable with the substrate. 3'-dinucleotide overhangs in the siRNA affected the binding affinity of human Dicer for the siRNA and biased strand loading into RNA-induced silencing complex. The Kd values for the ssRNAs ranged from 3- to 40-fold weaker than the Kd for the substrate. Sequence composition of the 3'-terminal nucleotides of the ssRNAs exhibited the greatest effect on Dicer binding. Dicer cleaved substrates containing short siRNA-like double-strand regions and extended 3' or 5' ssRNA overhangs in the adjacent ssRNA regions. Remarkably, cleavage sites were observed consistent with the enzyme entering the substrate from the extended 3' ssRNA terminus. These data suggest that the siRNAs and ssRNAs interact predominantly with the PAZ domain of the enzyme. Finally, the tightest binding siRNAs were also more potent inhibitors of gene expression.
Polyethylene terephthalate based multilayer food packaging: Deterioration effects during mechanical recycling (2022)

Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) comprises a multilayer structure of polymers and adhesives offering excellent protection to food products. While this widely used structure improves shelf life, its recyclability is restricted by polymer incompatibilities and difficulty separating individual layers during sorting, which limits the viability of this prominent waste stream for 2030 European Union (EU) reuse and recycling targets. This study assessed the recycling potential of MAPs by system part and functional layer based on composition, component miscibility and temperature and incompatibility induced changes in physical and mechanical properties. Lids and trays alone exhibited similar compositions, but when combined their PET (polyethylene terephthalate)-PE (polyethylene) ratios varied considerably resulting in embrittlement and reduced toughness indicating limited compatibility and recyclability. Although PET-PE immiscibility resulted in phase separation causing inhomogeneity induced loss in ductility and toughness, barrier structures exhibited better phase adhesion and more homogeneous morphologies. Nonetheless, the PET dictated processing temperature, greatly exceeding that of PE, promoted cross-linking effects. The barrier and carrier layers of current MAPs must be delaminated within waste sorting processes to be recyclable. More economic and ecological recycling of MAPs to meet EU targets will require designs with more compatible polymer components.
Trip-Chain-Based Travel-Mode-Shares-Driven Framework using Cellular Signaling Data and Web-Based Mapping Service Data (2019)

The signaling data of cellular phones, as a passively generated, real-time, wide-coverage, and low-cost data source, have been widely used in recent studies to understand human activity and model urban travel demand. However, in contrast with the Global Positioning System (GPS) data, cellular phone signaling data are sparsely distributed in time and space, which makes travel-mode inference a challenge. Recent studies presented methods of deriving users’ home and work locations, origin-destination trips, and other activities. Very few provided a complete and feasible framework for travel-mode derivation with effective validation methods. This paper provides a real-time travel-mode derivation framework using signaling data and a web-based mapping service. A trip-chain model is proposed to detect individual activity patterns and derive the trips of mobile phone users. Then, the travel mode of each trip is identified by a Fuzzy K-Means model, which is trained and validated by the point-to-point travel time from a web-based mapping service. Finally, the travel-mode shares are aggregated and scaled to the whole population of the study area. The framework is demonstrated using cellular signaling data from 1.9 million users in Shanghai, China for seven days, and citywide point-to-point travel times from a web-based mapping service for three of those seven days. Comparing the modeled travel-mode shares with travel survey data and transportation hub statistics demonstrates the plausibility and efficiency of using a large data source (mobile-trace data and web-based mapping) to accurately assess the travel modes of people in a big city using the proposed framework.
Anatomic characterization of cavotricuspid isthmus by 3D transesophageal echocardiography in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of typical atrial flutter (2017)

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is the treatment of choice of cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI)-dependent atrial flutter. Procedural time is highly variable due to anatomical structures. This study aimed to characterize CTI anatomy by transesophageal 3D echocardiography imaging (3D-TEE) to identify anatomic structures related to longer ablation time. Thirty-one consecutive patients (mean age 67.3 ± 11.5 years, 22 males) underwent CTI-ablation procedure. Before ablation, TEE was performed and 3D-TEE images were acquired to evaluate CTI anatomy qualitatively as well as perform measures of CTI morphological features. The electrophysiologist performing RFA was blinded to 3D-TEE data. Bidirectional block of CTI was achieved in all patients without procedural complications after a median ablation time of 11 (IQR 7–14) min. Patients with RFA time ≥11 min (Group 2) presented lower left ventricular ejection fraction (51.1 ± 17.0 vs. 59.5 ± 6.6%, P < 0.010), a larger left atrium (46.2 ± 8.4 vs. 39.9 ± 9.4 mm, P < 0.058), and, more frequently, a right atrial pouch (12/16 patients vs. 4/15, P = 0.012) compared with patients with RFA time < 11 min (Group 1); CTI pouch was significantly deeper in Group 2 compared with Group 1: telediastolic (TD) pouch depth was 10.4 ± 4.5 vs. 6.3 ± 1.5 mm (P = 0.003) and telesystolic (TS) depth 12.8 ± 4.4 vs. 7.0 ± 1.4 mm (P < 0.001), respectively. TD isthmus length, prominent pectinate muscle, and presence of an Eustachian ridge (ER) did not differ between the two groups. Routine pre-procedural 3D-TEE imaging is extremely helpful in qualitative and quantitative evaluation of CTI anatomy in patients undergoing RFA for symptomatic typical atrial flutter. Detection of a deep right atrial pouch was found to be associated with significantly prolonged CTI ablation time to achieve bidirectional block.
Ultrabright Red to NIR Emitting Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles Made from Quadrupolar Dyes with Giant Two-Photon Absorption (2PA) in the NIR Region. Confinement Effect on Fluorescence and 2PA and Tuning of Surface Properties (2021)

Fluorescent Organic Nanoparticles (FONs) are light-emitting, molecular-based nanoparticles that can be obtained from the nanoprecipitation of dedicated hydrophobic organic dyes in water. They represent a versatile family of water-soluble fluorescent nanotools whose luminescent properties can be tuned by bottom-up molecular engineering of their composing dyes. We recently reported on a quadrupolar red-emitting dye that yields spontaneously stealthy bare FONs which do not require coating to hinder interactions with cell membranes. Its quadrupolar design also hints to the possibility that it may be a strong two-photon absorber for bioimaging purposes. In this paper, we further investigate the two-photon absorption (2PA) of this dye and resulting FONs and report on a structure-related series of extended dyes engineered to yield NIR-emitting FONs. All dyes lead to stable, small (12–20 nm in diameter), and bright FONs. The experimental study reveals that molecular confinement strongly influences the fluorescence and 2PA properties of these dyes depending on the nature of the π-extended system. As expected, extension of the π-conjugated system induces a red-shift of the absorption and emission bands as well as an increase and spectral broadening of the 2PA responses in solution. Upon aggregation of the dyes within nanoparticles, a reduction of the fluorescence quantum yield is observed whose amplitude depends strongly on the nature of the π-conjugated systems. Interestingly, the peak 2PA cross sections increase upon confinement of the shortest dye, while a spectral broadening and slight red shift of the 2PA bands of the most extended dyes is observed. Taken together, these properties allow the most extended dye to yield very bright NIR-emitting FONs (εmaxΦ = 7 × 106 M–1 cm–1, σ2maxΦ = 4 × 105 GM). Interestingly, the nature of the π-conjugated system was also found to modulate the stealthiness of the resulting nanoparticles toward biological membranes. As a result, by fine-tuning the molecular design of the quadrupolar FON-composing dyes, we achieved NIR-absorbing, NIR-emitting, spontaneously stealthy small nanoparticles having record one- and two-photon brightness. Finally, we demonstrate that these FONs can be noncovalently surface-coated with a polycationic polymer, thanks to their highly negative surface potentials. This induces a reversal of their surface potential which in turn triggers their internalization within cells.
Chemical Synthesis and Cloning of a Gene Fragment Designed to Aid Polypeptide Purification (1985)

Abstract The design, synthesis and cloning of a 43 bp DNA duplex coding for polyarginine is described. It has been used to modify the isoelectric point of human urogastrone and thereby facilitate purification by ion-exchange chromatography.
FIELD EXPERIENCE IN MEASURING ENERGY DELIVERED WITH GASEOUS FUELS (2003)

A classic method of measuring energy delivered is to use an orifice meter run and a circular chart recorder to obtain an integrated value for the flow. This flow measurement is combined with an average calorific value to obtain energy delivered. Three methods for measuring energy delivered from the site are compared. The first method is the classic method using an orifice flow meter with circular charts and an average calorific value over the time period being billed. The second method uses a flow computer to calculate and record both the instantaneous and integrated energy being delivered from the site. The third method uses a new device being developed under a contract with the Gas Research Institute. The flow separator operates so that the ratio of the main flow to the sample flow is independent of the flow rate and the gas composition.
Stressor–Response Models: A Practical Application for the Development of Lake Nutrient Criteria in China (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTStressor–Response Models: A Practical Application for the Development of Lake Nutrient Criteria in ChinaShouliang Huo, Beidou Xi*, Chunzi Ma, and Hongliang LiuView Author Information State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China*Corresponding Author E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2013, 47, 21, 11922–11923Publication Date (Web):October 7, 2013Publication History Published online7 October 2013Published inissue 5 November 2013https://doi.org/10.1021/es4037034Copyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1140Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (606 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biomass,Drinking water,Environmental modeling,Toxins,Water treatment Get e-Alerts
Effects of Dendrimer Generation on Site Isolation of Core Moieties:  Electrochemical and Fluorescence Quenching Studies with Metalloporphyrin Core Dendrimers (1998)

The ability of a dendritic shell to afford site isolation to a porphyrin core was evaluated using electron-transfer experiments with a series of porphyrin-core dendrimers. Cyclic voltammograms show that surrounding a porphyrin site with even a small generation (G ∼ 2) dendrimer can significantly lower the rate of interfacial electron transfer, ostensibly by decreasing the proximity of the porphyrin core to the electrode surface. This inhibition of electron transfer is more pronounced when larger generation dendrimers are employed. While a significant measure of site isolation is achieved with respect to an electrode surface, no hindrance to penetration of a small molecule is afforded by the dendritic shell surrounding the porphyrin core, an encouraging result if dendrimers are to be designed as macromolecular hosts with a functioning catalyst at the core. Stern−Volmer analysis was used to investigate the accessibility of a small molecule, benzylviologen, to the porphyrin core. For generations 1−3, the dendritic structure surrounding the porphyrin core does not significantly inhibit the ability of the viologen to quench the fluorescence of the metalloporphyrin. When the porphyrin is surrounded by fourth-generation dendrons, a slight rate enhancement was observed with quenching being 33% faster. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies of solutions of the porphyrin-core dendrimers also suggest that the dendrimeric surroundings do not interfere electrochemically or photophysically with the porphyrin core. The characteristic wavelengths of absorption and emission of the porphyrin moiety did not change as the dendrimer generation was increased, indicating that the dendritic substituents do not appear to significantly affect the electrochemical and photophysical nature of the metalloporphyrin core.
Memristor Based Neuromorphic Adaptive Resonance Theory for One-Shot Online Learning and Network Intrusion Detection (2020)

As computer networks become more advanced, the necessity for reliable intrusion detection at extreme efficiency has vastly increased. Thus, in this work we present a one shot learning system capable of online learning for network intrusion detection. Adaptive resonance theory is implemented in custom low power memristor-based neuromorphic hardware. The system is capable of discriminating with existing knowledge to learn incrementally. The winner take all circuitry is implemented with a capacitor and CMOS timing circuit that finds the winning neuron and controls the weight update for only the winning neuron. The time required to find a winning neuron was determined to be in the nanosecond range. The performance of the system was evaluated on both previously known and zero-day datasets. The detection accuracy using zero-day packets is 99.97%, and 99.99% for the known attacks. Furthermore, the system was tested using various vigilance parameters and learning rates. The variation of threshold voltage across the capacitor was also investigated to observe the effect on learning and detection accuracy.
Transport électrique routier – Batteries pour véhicules électriques (2015)

La voiture electrique est un vehicule sans emission locale de polluants et tres silencieux par rapport aux vehicules thermiques. L'histoire a ete marquee de plusieurs cycles ephemeres ou son emergence avait ete annoncee. Si les technologies des moteurs electriques pour les vehicules sont matures depuis longtemps, le point limitant reste la batterie. Dans ce document, les principales technologies de batteries utilisees dans le domaine automobile sont presentees et comparees selon leurs performances, leur duree de vie reelle et theorique, et leur cout d'utilisation. Un eclairage particulier sera fait sur les batteries lithium, dont le potentiel et les developpements realises pour les applications nomades montrent que les verrous bloquant l'emergence des voitures electriques sont en train de se lever.
Plasmon localization and local field distribution in metal-dielectric films (2003)

An exact and very efficient numerical method for calculating the effective conductivity and local-field distributions in random R-L-C networks is developed. Using this method, the local-field properties of random metal-dielectric films are investigated in a wide spectral range and for a variety of metal concentrations p. It is shown that for metal concentrations close to the percolation threshold (p=p(c)) and frequencies close to the resonance, the local-field intensity is characterized by a non-Gaussian, exponentially broad distribution. For low and high metal concentrations a scaling region is formed that is due to the increasing number of noninteracting dipoles. The local electric fields are studied in terms of characteristic length parameters. The roles of both localized and extended eigenmodes in Kirchhoff's Hamiltonian are investigated.
Video Acquisition (2013)

This chapter presents various aspects of video acquisition that are relevant with regards to the concept of format-agnostic media production. The format-agnostic scene representation can contain ultra-high resolution panoramic video and several views from broadcast cameras in the best case. Several approaches are presented showing the capability for seamless merging of various video sources. Regarding higher frame rate, it is shown that an increase of frame rate is not just a matter of technological progress per se, but it is an essential property to increase video quality and immersiveness, especially in the case of significantly increased spatial resolution. Acquisition with higher dynamic range can offer increased video quality by introducing tone mapping approaches during media production.
On the Application of a Thin Ozone Based Wet Chemical Oxide as an Interface for ALD High-k Deposition (2005)

Introduction In order to keep pace with CMOS scaling trends, alternative gate oxide materials, with a high dielectric constant, were proposed. To have a low interface trap density, good mobility [1], and good Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) growth characteristics [2], the presence of an interfacial oxide layer is still prerequisite. Hydroxyl groups are the key players for the initiation of the ALD reaction [3]. In this work the application of downscaled ozone based wet chemical oxide as a surface pretreatment for ALD high-k deposition is examined.
Engineered biomaterials for cancer immunotherapy (2020)

Although cancer immunotherapy is showing tremendous promise and has progressed to the clinic, it has only achieved sporadic efficacy, with only a fraction of patients benefitting from the therapy and with undesirable side effects due to poor selectivity and high doses. Localized delivery of immunomodulators to activate anticancer immunity in situ avoids overactivation of the systemic immune system and reduces side effects. Engineered biomaterials-implantable, injectable, or transdermal-fabricated into drug delivery devices are critical components for the development of localized cancer immunotherapies. In this review, we briefly summarize progress in the application of engineered biomaterials to the localized delivery of cancer immunotherapy.
A 6Gbps 3mW optical receiver with DCOC-combined ATC in 65nm CMOS (2011)

This paper presents a 0.48-mW/Gbps optical receiver in a 65-nm CMOS process. The receiver includes a tran-simpedance amplifier (TIA) with a DC offset canceler (DCOC) combined with an autothreshold controller (ATC) function for providing low-power, area-efficient single-ended-to-differential conversion. The fabricated 6-Gbps optical receiver consumes 2.86-mW power and achieves less than -3.8-dBm sensitivity at a BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> .
31.4: Invited Paper : Specifying and Characterizing Tactile Performance for Multi‐Touch Panels: Toward a User‐Centric Metrology (2010)

Abstract Whereas Visual Human Factor studies provide abundant literature to characterize display modules, building a specification for touch sensitive systems — and more specifically for multi‐touch capable ones — remains substantially empirical. Existing metrology gives useful data with regards to the mechanical and optical performances of touch panels. However, it fails to measure what matters most to the user: tactile performance. with fast‐growing market demand for multi‐touch panels, the need arises for a user‐centric metrology to objectively evaluate the usability of available solutions.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Preclinical Evidence That 3′-Deoxy-3′-[<sup>18</sup>F]Fluorothymidine PET Can Visualize Recovery of Hematopoiesis after Gemcitabine Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immunohistochemical analysis of bone marrow tissue from the femur showed that proliferation was severely impaired within hours of gemcitabine therapy, whereas recovery could be noted thereafter.&lt;/p&gt;