gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable Resistance Loadings in Anaerobic Power Testing (1991)

The aim of this study was to establish optimal test conditions for maximal anaerobic testing on a frictionloaded bicycle ergometer. Power and work outputs of 15 subjects during a 60-s all-out effort were tested under five conditions on a specially modified Monark ergometer. Test conditions were produced by altering the commencement resistance loading and either holding it constant (0.065C, 0.075C kg/kg. BW) for the entire duration of the 60-s work test or by reducing it by a specific amount to a more manageable load if pedalling rate dropped below 90 rpm (0.075R, 0.085R, 0.095R kg/kg. BW). Resistance and pedalling rate were continuously monitored with power outputs being determined every 100 ms, breath by breath oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured and capillary blood lactate (HLa) analyzed before and 5 min post each test condition. The test condition with the highest initial load (0.095R) produced the greatest peak power (PP). The reduced test procedure with the higher initial loads resulted in the greatest mean power (MP) and total work outputs (0.095R and 0.085R). Post-exercise blood HLa was not significantly different in any test condition. Peak power and MP correlated highly with both body weight (r = 0.77-0.85 and r = 0.75-0.83) and lean body weight (r = 0.84-0.88 and r = 0.90). During the last 30 s of the test, subjects reached between 90-100% of their measured maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max). The results of this study indicate that for a 60-s maximal all-out effort, a reduced test condition with a high initial resistance setting is required to produce the highest anaerobic test parameters.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Silicon photonic nonvolatile memory device (2005)

We present a CMOS micron-size photonic electrically erasable programmable read only memory (PEEPROM). The device is predicted to exhibit modulation depth of 91% between memory states. The read-time is only 8.9 ps.
Molecularly self-assembled nucleic acid nanoparticles for targeted in vivo siRNA delivery (2012)

Nanoparticles are used for delivering therapeutics into cells. However, size, shape, surface chemistry and the presentation of targeting ligands on the surface of nanoparticles can affect circulation half-life and biodistribution, cell-specific internalization, excretion, toxicity and efficacy. A variety of materials have been explored for delivering small interfering RNAs (siRNAs)—a therapeutic agent that suppresses the expression of targeted genes. However, conventional delivery nanoparticles such as liposomes and polymeric systems are heterogeneous in size, composition and surface chemistry, and this can lead to suboptimal performance, a lack of tissue specificity and potential toxicity. Here, we show that self-assembled DNA tetrahedral nanoparticles with a well-defined size can deliver siRNAs into cells and silence target genes in tumours. Monodisperse nanoparticles are prepared through the self-assembly of complementary DNA strands. Because the DNA strands are easily programmable, the size of the nanoparticles and the spatial orientation and density of cancer-targeting ligands (such as peptides and folate) on the nanoparticle surface can be controlled precisely. We show that at least three folate molecules per nanoparticle are required for optimal delivery of the siRNAs into cells and, gene silencing occurs only when the ligands are in the appropriate spatial orientation. In vivo, these nanoparticles showed a longer blood circulation time (t[subscript 1/2] ≈ 24.2 min) than the parent siRNA (t[subscript 1/2] ≈ 6 min).
Molecular Modeling of Alkyl Monolayers on the Si(100)−2 × 1 Surface (2004)

Molecular modeling was used to simulate various surfaces derived from the addition of 1-alkenes and 1-alkynes to Si=Si dimers on the Si(100)-2 x 1 surface. The primary aim was to better understand the interactions between adsorbates on the surface and distortions of the underlying silicon crystal due to functionalization. Random addition of ethylene and acetylene was used to determine how the addition of an adduct molecule affects subsequent additions for coverages up to one molecule per silicon dimer, that is, 100% coverage. Randomization subdues the effect that the relative positions of the adsorbates have on the enthalpy of the system. For ethylene and acetylene, the enthalpy of reaction changes less than 3 and 5 kcal/mol, respectively, from the first reacted species up to 100% coverage. As a result, a (near-)complete coverage is predicted, which is in line with experimental data. When 1-alkenes and 1-alkynes add by [2 + 2] addition, the hydrocarbon chains interact differently depending on the direction they project from the surface. These effects were investigated for four-carbon chains: 1-butene and 1-butyne. As expected, the chains that would otherwise intersect bend to avoid each other, raising the enthalpy of the system. For alkyl chains longer than four carbons, the chains are able to reorient themselves in a favorable manner, thus, resulting in a steady reduction in reaction enthalpy of about 2 kcal/mol for each additional methylene unit.
Territory‐wide population‐based study of chronic hepatitis C infection and implications for hepatitis elimination in Hong Kong (2018)

Our diagnosis rate, treatment rate and mortality rate reduction were still low, particularly the Peg-IFN outcomes, making it difficult to meet the WHO hepatitis elimination targets. A more generalized use of DAAs is urgently needed to improve the situation.
Association Between Specific Type 2 Diabetes Therapies and Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias in Propensity-Score Matched Type 2 Diabetic Patients (2022)

After controlling for age, sex, and comorbidities, A-HgM in patients with T2D was associated with a reduced risk of AD and ADRD. These findings provide evidence in support of T2D as a risk factor for AD and ADRD and the beneficial impact of early and effective control of hyperglycemia to mitigate risk.
A Catalytic Method for the Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Quaternary Ketones, α‐Ketoesters and Aldehydes (2023)

Abstract A practical method for the efficient and enantioselective preparation of versatile ketones and aldehydes that contain an α‐quaternary stereocenter is described. Reactions utilize simple carboxylic acid or ester starting materials, a monodentate chiral phosphine, and afford a variety of aryl, alkenyl, alkynyl, and alkyl‐substituted ketone and aldehyde products in 25–94 % yield and 90 : 10 to &gt;99 : 1 enantiomeric ratio. Reactions proceed by acyl substitution with in situ formed chiral allylic nucleophiles, and display selectivity and conversion dependence on a protic additive. The utility of the approach is demonstrated through several product transformations.
Everyday Impact of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (2011)

Rates of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are not markedly different now from what they were during the pre-HAART era, though the most severe form of HAND, dementia, is less common now than previously and, overall, there has been a shift within the HAND spectrum towards mild-to-moderate impairments. There is now substantial evidence that HIV-associated neurocognitive impairments less severe than dementia can significantly affect daily functioning. In this chapter, we detail research regarding the effects of HAND on survival, quality of life, instrumental activities of daily living, medication adherence, vocational functioning, automobile driving, and other specific cognitive aspects of everyday functioning. We conclude with recommendations for future research.
Plasticity and Aggregation of Juvenile Porcine Islets in Modified Culture: Preliminary Observations (2016)

Diabetes is a major health problem worldwide, and there is substantial interest in developing xenogeneic islet transplantation as a potential treatment. The potential to relieve the demand on an inadequate supply of human pancreata is dependent upon the efficiency of techniques for isolating and culturing islets from the source pancreata. Porcine islets are favored for xenotransplantation, but mature pigs (>2 years) present logistic and economic challenges, and young pigs (3-6 months) have not yet proven to be an adequate source. In this study, islets were isolated from 20 juvenile porcine pancreata (~3 months; 25 kg Yorkshire pigs) immediately following procurement or after 24 h of hypothermic machine perfusion (HMP) preservation. The resulting islet preparations were characterized using a battery of tests during culture in silicone rubber membrane flasks. Islet biology assessment included oxygen consumption, insulin secretion, histopathology, and in vivo function. Islet yields were highest from HMP-preserved pancreata (2,242 ± 449 IEQ/g). All preparations comprised a high proportion (>90%) of small islets (<100 μm), and purity was on average 63 ± 6%. Morphologically, islets appeared as clusters on day 0, loosely disaggregated structures at day 1, and transitioned to aggregated structures comprising both exocrine and endocrine cells by day 6. Histopathology confirmed both insulin and glucagon staining in cultures and grafts excised after transplantation in mice. Nuclear staining (Ki-67) confirmed mitotic activity consistent with the observed plasticity of these structures. Metabolic integrity was demonstrated by oxygen consumption rates = 175 ± 16 nmol/min/mg DNA, and physiological function was intact by glucose stimulation after 6-8 days in culture. In vivo function was confirmed with blood glucose control achieved in nearly 50% (8/17) of transplants. Preparation and culture of juvenile porcine islets as a source for islet transplantation require specialized conditions. These immature islets undergo plasticity in culture and form fully functional multicellular structures. Further development of this method for culturing immature porcine islets is expected to generate small pancreatic tissue-derived organoids termed "pancreatites," as a therapeutic product from juvenile pigs for xenotransplantation and diabetes research.
A fast audio search method based on skipping irrelevant signals by similarity upper-bound calculation (2015)

In this paper, we describe an approach to accelerate fingerprint techniques by skipping the search for irrelevant sections of the signal and demonstrate its application to the divide and locate (DAL) audio fingerprint method. The search result for the applied method, DAL3, is the same as that of DAL mathematically. Experimental results show that DAL3 can reduce the computational cost of DAL to approximately 25% for the task of music signal retrieval.
Enhancement of acoustic heating during nucleation of acoustic cavitation inside an ultrasonic reactor cavity (2010)

In semiconductor manufacturing, megasonic cleaning may play an important role for nano-particle removal, if the underlying physical processes are thoroughly understood. As shown in recent years, acoustic cavitation is the main contributor to surface cleaning. Crucial parts of the overall cleaning process are therefore the actual nucleation of cavitation bubbles in the bulk of the liquid and related physical processes that might enhance, suppress or simply accompany bubble nucleation. One process is the enhanced build-up of temperature gradients in ultrasonic fields due to nucleation onset and the accompanied collapse of the nucleating bubbles. There, the highly non-linear oscillatory behaviour of resonant cavitation bubbles might enhance dissipation of acoustic energy and heat transfer from the vicinity of the collapsing bubble to the surrounding liquid. The resulting convection and its relation to the nonlinear interactions of the cavitation bubbles with the acoustic field are investigated in the present study with the help of qualitative and quantitative methods such as Schlieren-imaging and Sonoluminescence Measurements. These methods provide the advantage, that they do not disturb the nucleation process and are applicable to measurements of both pressure and temperature gradients. In order to identify the contribution of the strongly nonlinear bubble-wall oscillations to the enhanced heating of the bulk liquid, the results are correlated to acoustic noise spectra recorded in parallel with the help of a hydrophone.
Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) regulate TGFβ-mediated transcriptional and apoptotic responses (2020)

The signalling pathways initiated by members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) family of cytokines control many metazoan cellular processes, including proliferation and differentiation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis. TGFβ signalling is therefore strictly regulated to ensure appropriate context-dependent physiological responses. In an attempt to identify novel regulatory components of the TGFβ signalling pathway, we performed a pharmacological screen by using a cell line engineered to report the endogenous transcription of the TGFβ-responsive target gene PAI-1. The screen revealed that small molecule inhibitors of salt-inducible kinases (SIKs) attenuate TGFβ-mediated transcription of PAI-1 without affecting receptor-mediated SMAD phosphorylation, SMAD complex formation or nuclear translocation. We provide evidence that genetic inactivation of SIK isoforms also attenuates TGFβ-dependent transcriptional responses. Pharmacological inhibition of SIKs by using multiple small-molecule inhibitors potentiated apoptotic cell death induced by TGFβ stimulation. Our data therefore provide evidence for a novel function of SIKs in modulating TGFβ-mediated transcriptional and cellular responses.
Study of Removing Fluorine from Wet-Process Phosphoric Acid by Solvent Flotation (2004)

New technique of removing fluorine from wet-process phosphoric acid by solvent flotation was studied. Results of experiments show that by the flotation, in thirty minutes, the tri-n-octylamine which has been pickled by sulphuric acid has a better effect in removing fluorine from wet-process phosphoric acid which has been treated by H_3BO_4. At the same time the effect of different tri-n-octylamine quantity and different sulphuric acid concentration on removal ratio of fluorine was discussed.
Oxygen-Release/Storage Properties of Ce0.5M0.5O2 (M = Zr, Hf) Oxides:  Interplay of Crystal Chemistry and Electronic Structure (2007)

Fluorite-type Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 and Ce0.5Hf0.5O2 have been synthesized by a solution combustion route, and their oxygen release and reduction have been investigated up to 850 degrees C. On reduction, the zirconium system forms two pyrochlore phases, Ce2Zr2O7 (pyrochlore-I) and Ce2Zr2O6.2 (pyrochlore-II), while the hafnium system forms only a disordered fluorite phase with the composition Ce0.5Hf0.5O1.77, under the same experimental conditions. The crystal structures of the reduction products have been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction and Rietveld refinement, and their electronic structures have been investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurements. Pyrochlore-I (a = 10.6727(4) A) is a semiconductor, while pyrochlore-II (a = 10.6463(8) A) is a good conductor (with a nearly temperature independent resistivity of approximately 2.5 ohm.cm in the 400-1000 K range). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows an admixture of Ce(5d,6s) with Zr(4d) and O(2p) and a significant density of states near EF in the highly reduced pyrochlore-II phase. The changes have been rationalized in terms of a qualitative energy band scheme that brings out the special role of zirconium vis-à-vis hafnium in the reduction/oxygen release properties of Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 and Ce0.5Hf0.5O2.
Hyperspectral confocal fluorescence imaging of cells (2007)

Confocal fluorescence imaging of biological systems is an important method by which researchers can investigate molecular processes occurring in live cells. We have developed a new 3D hyperspectral confocal fluorescence microscope that can further enhance the usefulness of fluorescence microscopy in studying biological systems. The new microscope can increase the information content obtained from the image since, at each voxel, the microscope records 512 wavelengths from the emission spectrum (490 to 800 nm) while providing optical sectioning of samples with diffraction-limited spatial resolution. When coupled with multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analyses, the microscope can resolve multiple spatially and spectrally overlapped emission components, thereby greatly increasing the number of fluorescent labels, relative to most commercial microscopes, that can be monitored simultaneously. The MCR algorithm allows the "discovery" of all emitting sources and estimation of their relative concentrations without cross talk, including those emission sources that might not have been expected in the imaged cells. In this work, we have used the new microscope to obtain time-resolved hyperspectral images of cellular processes. We have quantitatively monitored the translocation of the GFP-labeled RelA protein (without interference from autofluorescence) into and out of the nucleus of live HeLa cells in response to continuous stimulation by the cytokine, TNF&#945;. These studies have been extended to imaging live mouse macrophage cells with YFP-labeled RelA and GFP-labeled IRF3 protein. Hyperspectral imaging coupled with MCR analysis makes possible, for the first time, quantitative analysis of GFP, YFP, and autofluorescence without concern for cross-talk between emission sources. The significant power and quantitative capabilities of the new hyperspectral imaging system are further demonstrated with the imaging of a simple fluorescence dye (SYTO 13) traditionally used to stain the nucleus of live cells. We will demonstrate the microscope system's ability to actually discover and quantify the presence of two separate SYTO 13 fluorescent species shifted in wavelength by only a few nm. These two emission components exhibit very different spatial distributions in macrophage cells (i.e., nucleus vs. cytoplasm + nucleus). Two highly overlapped autofluorescence components in addition to the two SYTO 13 components were also observed, and the spatial distributions of the two autofluorescence components were quantitatively mapped throughout the cells in three dimensions.
Maximally and arbitrarily fast implementation of linear and feedback linear computations (2000)

By establishing a relationship between the basic properties of linear computations and eight optimizing transformations (distributivity, associativity, commutativity, inverse and zero element law, common subexpression replication and elimination, constant propagation), a computer-aided design platform is developed to optimally speed-up an arbitrary instance from this large class of computations with respect to those transformations. Furthermore, arbitrarily fast implementation of an arbitrary linear computation is obtained by adding loop unrolling to the transformations set. During this process, a novel Horner pipelining scheme is used so that the area-time (AT) product is maintained constant, regardless of achieved speed-up. We also present a generalization of the new approach so that an important subclass of nonlinear computations, named feedback linear computations, is efficiently, maximally, and arbitrarily sped-up.
Study on Coincidence Time Resolution with SiPM and TOFPET-ASIC Utilizing LYSO, GAGG and GFAG (2016)

The performance of a detection system is defined by the interaction of scintillator, detector and readout electronics. KETEK silicon photomultipliers in combination with PETsys TOFPET-ASICs provide a high-performance detection chain, which will be studied in combination with 3x3x5 mm³ LYSO, GFAG and GAGG crystals. As a detector, a 3x3 mm² timing-optimized KETEK PM3350T silicon photomultiplier with 50 µm cell pitch was used. The TOFPET-ASIC provides 64 channels, each with 25 ps r.m.s intrinsic time resolution and 300 pC dynamic range. First measurements with LYSO yield a CTR of 294 ps FWHM in a temperature stabilized setup environment at 18°C. The studies with GFAG amd GAGG showed, that the time-over-threshold principle is sensitive towards the longer decay time constants and therefore different pulse shapes of GFAG and GAGG. A CTR of 660 ps FWHM for GFAG and 743 ps FWHM for GAGG could be achieved, which has been benchmarked on a dedicated reference setup to be 329 ps for GFAG and 663 ps for GAGG. Both materials could not fully exploit their intrinsic performance. The first results of this setup are very promising, as the performance for LYSO with 294 ps FWHM is close to the reference measurements with 248 ps FWHM. Forthcoming work will utilize a new generation ASIC and temperature stabilized setup environment, which overcomes the current limitations to handle any scintillator at maximum performance.
Supplementary Table 2 from Distinct Patterns of Dysregulated Expression of Enzymes Involved in Androgen Synthesis and Metabolism in Metastatic Prostate Cancer Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 18K, Log2-based expression (average and SD) of mRNA transcripts for AR and genes involved in androgen metabolism in normal prostate tissue, primary PCas and metastatic PCas&lt;/p&gt;
1310: Laparoscopic Ureterolysis: The Washington University Experience (2004)

You have accessJournal of UrologyDiscussed Poster, Tuesday, May 11, 2004, 8:00am- 12:00 pm1 Apr 20041310: Laparoscopic Ureterolysis: The Washington University Experience Christopher L. Vulin, Ramakrishna Venkatesh, Richard Vanlangendock, Chandru P. Sundaram, Ralph V. Clayman, and Jaime Landman Christopher L. VulinChristopher L. Vulin , Ramakrishna VenkateshRamakrishna Venkatesh , Richard VanlangendockRichard Vanlangendock , Chandru P. SundaramChandru P. Sundaram , Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman , and Jaime LandmanJaime Landman View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)38535-5AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1310: Laparoscopic Ureterolysis: The Washington University Experience." The Journal of Urology, 171(4S), p. 345 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 171Issue 4SApril 2004Page: 345 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Christopher L. Vulin More articles by this author Ramakrishna Venkatesh More articles by this author Richard Vanlangendock More articles by this author Chandru P. Sundaram More articles by this author Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Jaime Landman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Formation and Mechanical Characterization of Aminoplast Core/Shell Microcapsules (2012)

This work aims at establishing a link between process conditions and resulting micromechanical properties for aminoplast core/shell microcapsules. The investigated capsules were produced by the in situ polymerization of melamine formaldehyde resins, which represents a widely used and industrially relevant approach in the field of microencapsulation. Within our study, we present a quantitative morphological analysis of the capsules' size and shell thickness. The diameter of the investigated capsules ranged from 10 to 50 μm and the shell thickness was found in a range between 50 and 200 nm. As key parameter for the control of the shell thickness, we identified the amount of amino resin per total surface area of the dispersed phase. Mechanical properties were investigated using small deformations on the order of the shell thickness by atomic force microscopy with a colloidal probe setup. The obtained capsule stiffness increased with an increasing shell thickness from 2 to 30 N/m and thus showed the same trend on the process parameters as the shell thickness. A simple analytical model was adopted to explain the relation between capsules' geometry and mechanics and to estimate the elastic modulus of the shell about 1.7 GPa. Thus, this work provides strategies for a rational design of microcapsule mechanics.