gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of hazardous metals in iron slag waste using laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (2007)

Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) was applied for quantitative elemental analysis of slag samples collected from a local steel plant using an Nd: YAG laser emitting radiation at 1064 nm wavelength. The concentration of different elements of environmental significance such as cadmium, calcium, sulfur, magnesium, chromium, manganese, titanium, barium, phosphorus and silicon were 44, 2193, 1724,78578, 217260, 22220, 5178, 568, 2805, 77871 were mg Kg-1, respectively. Optimal experimental conditions for analysis were investigated. The calibration curves were drawn for different elements. The concentrations determined with our Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometers were compared with the results obtained using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy. Our study demonstrates that LIBS could be highly appropriate for rapid online analysis of iron slag waste. The relative accuracy of our LIBS system for various elements as compared with ICP method is in the range of 0.001-0.049 at 2.5% error confidence. Limits of detection (LOD) of our LIBS system were also estimated for the elements noted here. The hazardous effects of some of the trace elements present in iron slag exceeding permissible safe limits are also discussed.
Influence of Fe–F-co-doping on the dielectric properties of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 thick-films (2008)

Abstract The influence of Fe acceptor and Fe – F acceptor – donor co-doping on the dielectric response of screen-printed Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 thick-films on alumina substrates has been investigated. The Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 powders were synthesized by freeze-drying of sols. Permittivity, dielectric loss, and tunability were investigated at kHz frequencies with a planar metal-insulator-metal capacitor structure, and at GHz frequencies up to 40 GHz using coplanar waveguide structures. Pure acceptor doping by Fe was found to have a distinct influence on permittivity and dielectric loss-factor at kHz-frequencies and at GHz frequencies due to an internal bias field and pairs of associated defects. Co-doping with F significantly suppresses the influence of the internal bias field and defect-associates at low and microwave frequencies. The commutation quality factor at 10 GHz and E eff = 5.8 V μm -1 was increased by co-doping the thick-films with Fe and F. Such doped Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 films show a high potential for tunable microwave applications.
Tumors attenuating the mitochondrial activity in T cells escape from PD-1 blockade therapy (2020)

PD-1 blockade therapy has revolutionized cancer treatments. However, a substantial population of patients is unresponsive. To rescue unresponsive patients, the mechanism of unresponsiveness to PD-1 blockade therapy must be elucidated. Using a 'bilateral tumor model' where responsive and unresponsive tumors were inoculated into different sides of the mouse belly, we demonstrated that unresponsive tumors can be categorized into two groups: with and without systemic immunosuppressive property (SIP). The SIP-positive tumors released uncharacterized, non-proteinaceous small molecules that inhibited mitochondrial activation and T cell proliferation. By contrast, the SIP-negative B16 tumor escaped from immunity by losing MHC class I expression. Unresponsiveness of SIP-positive tumors was partially overcome by improving the mitochondrial function with a mitochondrial activator; this was not successful for B16, which employs immune ignorance. These results demonstrated that the 'bilateral tumor model' was useful for stratifying tumors to investigate the mechanism of unresponsiveness and develop a strategy for proper combination therapy.
Low‐temperature amorphous‐silicon backplane technology development for flexible displays in a manufacturing pilot‐line environment (2007)

Abstract— A low‐temperature amorphous‐silicon (a‐Si:H) thin‐film‐transistor (TFT) backplane technology for high‐information‐content flexible displays has been developed. Backplanes were integrated with frontplane technologies to produce high‐performance active‐matrix reflective electrophoretic ink, reflective cholesteric liquid crystal and emissive OLED flexible‐display technology demonstrators (TDs). Backplanes up to 4 in. on the diagonal have been fabricated on a 6‐in. wafer‐scale pilot line. The critical steps in the evolution of backplane technology, from qualification of baseline low‐temperature (180°C) a‐Si:H process on the 6‐in. line with rigid substrates, to transferring the process to flexible plastic and flexible stainless‐steel substrates, to form factor scale‐up of the TFT arrays, and finally manufacturing scale‐up to a Gen 2 (370 × 470 mm) display‐scale pilot line, will be reviewed.
Cucurbitacin B and cancer intervention: Chemistry, biology and mechanisms (Review) (2017)

Cancer is one of the most important healthcare matters, with the worst prognosis but the best possibilities for scientific development. It is likely to increase in the future and cause global havoc designating it as an epidemic. Cancer development requires urgent intervention. Past few decades have witnessed extensive research to challenge carcinogenesis. Treatment involving synthetic discipline is often associated with severe adverse effects, or even worsened prognosis. Accordingly, newer economic and patient friendly molecules are warranted. Many natural substances have proved their potential so far. Cucurbitacin B against cancer and other diseases has achieved towering popularity among the researchers around the world, as detailed in the below sections with summarized tables. In line with the fascinating role of cucurbitacin B against various types of cancers, through various molecular signaling pathways, it is justifiable to propose cucurbitacin B as a mainline chemotherapy before the onset and after the diagnosis of cancer.
Immunogenicity of a 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in adults 18 to 64 years old with medical conditions and other factors that increase risk of pneumococcal disease (2022)

NCT03760146, NCT03828617.
Interaction of antithrombin III with surface‐immobilized albumin—heparin conjugates (1995)

The interaction between antithrombin III (ATIII) and albumin-heparin conjugates covalently coupled onto carboxylated polystyrene beads either in buffer containing albumin or in plasma was studied using 14C-labeled ATIII. Binding isotherms of ATIII were modeled using a summation of two Langmuir equations. These equations describe the binding of ATIII to two different sets of binding sites, one with a high, the other with a low affinity of ATIII to these sites are 9 x 10(6) L/mol and 0.3 x 10(6) L/mol, respectively. The binding of ATIII to surface binding sites with a high affinity for ATIII was correlated with the presence of specific ATIII binding sites in the immobilized heparin. Binding of ATIII from albumin solutions to binding sites with a low affinity for ATIII was dominated by nonspecific binding of ATIII to the immobilized heparin. A third small fraction of the surface bound. ATIII is probably adsorbed to sites on the surface not covered with heparin. In the case of the binding of ATIII to the heparinized surface from plasma solutions, a fraction of initially adsorbed ATIII was desorbed by other plasma proteins. This desorption in combination with direct competition between ATIII and other plasma proteins resulted in lower ATIII surface concentrations using plasma as compared to the ATIII surface concentrations obtained using albumin solutions. The binding of ATIII to nonspecific binding sites was almost completely inhibited in the presence of plasma proteins. The amount of ATIII bound to immobilized heparin via specific ATIII binding sites was 30% lower in plasma solutions as compared to the specific binding of ATIII using albumin solutions. It is concluded that the accessibility of immobilized heparin for ATIII in plasma decreases by binding of heparin-binding proteins onto the immobilized heparin and/or adsorption of other plasma proteins on the heparinized surface.
Aryl hydroxamic acid analogues as potential therapeutic agents (1997)

A new synthetic pathway to analogues of the aglucones of naturally occurring&#13;\ncyclic hydroxamic acids (2,4-dihydroxy-l,4-benzoxazin-3-ones) has been developed.&#13;\nThe new pathway involves the coupling of substituted nitrophenols wdth /-propyl-abromo-&#13;\nO-methoxymethylglycolate. These materials were reductively cyclised to&#13;\nreveal the hydroxamic acid functionality. Removal of the C-2 0-methoxymethyl&#13;\nprotecting group was achieved chemoselectively using boron trichloride. The&#13;\nanalogue 7-methoxy-2,4-dihydroxy-l,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) was assayed&#13;\nwith papain and a semilog plot of activity of papain in the presence of excess&#13;\nDIMBOA was found to be linear. A single exponential equation was suggested as the&#13;\nmodel for kinetic analysis. '^ Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of a&#13;\ncouple of hydroxamates were acquired as reference standards for future mechanistic&#13;\nstudies of these compounds as thiol protease inhibitors. A 10% '^-labeled sample&#13;\nofDIMBOA was also prepared for future mechanistic studies using NMR techniques.
Long noncoding RNAs are involved in multiple immunological pathways in response to vaccination (2019)

Understanding the mechanisms of vaccine-elicited protection contributes to the development of new vaccines. The emerging field of systems vaccinology provides detailed information on host responses to vaccination and has been successfully applied to study the molecular mechanisms of several vaccines. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucially involved in multiple biological processes, but their role in vaccine-induced immunity has not been explored. We performed an analysis of over 2,000 blood transcriptome samples from 17 vaccine cohorts to identify lncRNAs potentially involved with antibody responses to influenza and yellow fever vaccines. We have created an online database where all results from this analysis can be accessed easily. We found that lncRNAs participate in distinct immunological pathways related to vaccine-elicited responses. Among them, we showed that the expression of lncRNA FAM30A was high in B cells and correlates with the expression of immunoglobulin genes located in its genomic vicinity. We also identified altered expression of these lncRNAs in RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data from a cohort of children following immunization with intranasal live attenuated influenza vaccine, suggesting a common role across several diverse vaccines. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that lncRNAs have a significant impact on immune responses induced by vaccination.
Hypogonadism following prostate-bed radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma (2001)

Three to eight years after primary treatment for prostate carcinoma, striking hormone differences were present between men who had received EBRT to the prostate bed and those with prior RP. These differences strongly suggested that prominent and permanent testicular damage was sustained during EBRT, frequently severe enough to cause hypogonadism.
Specific binding of TES-23 antibody to tumour vascular endothelium in mice, rats and human cancer tissue: A novel drug carrier for cancer targeting therapy (1999)

The tissue distribution of anti-tumour vascular endothelium monoclonal antibody (TES-23) produced by immunizing with plasma membrane vesicles from isolated rat tumour-derived endothelial cells (TECs) was assessed in various tumour-bearing animals. Radiolabelled TES-23 dramatically accumulated in KMT-17 fibrosarcoma, the source of isolated TECs after intravenous injection. In Meth-A fibrosarcoma, Colon-26 adenocarcinoma in BALB/c mice and HT-1080 human tumour tissue in nude mice, radioactivities of 125I-labelled TES-23 were also up to 50 times higher than those of control antibody with little distribution to normal tissues. The selective recognition of TES-23 to TECs was competitively blocked by preadministration of unlabelled TES-23 in vivo. Furthermore, immunostaining of human tissue sections showed specific binding of TES-23 on endothelium in oesophagus cancers. These results indicate that tumour vascular endothelial cells express common antigen in different tumour types of various animal species. In order to clarify the efficacy of TES-23 as a drug carrier, an immunoconjugate, composed of TES-23 and neocarzinostatin, was tested for its anti-tumour effect in rats bearing KMT-17 fibrosarcomas. The immunoconjugate (TES-23-NCS) caused marked regression of the tumour, accompanied by haemorrhagic necrosis. Thus, from a clinical view, TES-23 would be a novel drug carrier because of its high specificity to tumour vascular endothelium and its application to many types of cancer.
Tim-1 Signaling Substitutes for Conventional Signal 1 and Requires Costimulation to Induce T Cell Proliferation (2009)

Differentiation and clonal expansion of Ag-activated naive T cells play a pivotal role in the adaptive immune response. T cell Ig mucin (Tim) proteins influence the activation and differentiation of T cells. Tim-3 and Tim-2 clearly regulate Th1 and Th2 responses, respectively, but the precise influence of Tim-1 on T cell activation remains to be determined. We now show that Tim-1 stimulation in vivo and in vitro induces polyclonal activation of T cells despite absence of a conventional TCR-dependent signal 1. In this model, Tim-1-induced proliferation is dependent on strong signal 2 costimulation provided by mature dendritic cells. Ligation of Tim-1 upon CD4(+) T cells with an agonist anti-Tim-1 mAb elicits a rise in free cytosolic calcium, calcineurin-dependent nuclear translocation of NF-AT, and transcription of IL-2. Because Tim-4, the Tim-1 ligand, is expressed by mature dendritic cells, we propose that interaction between Tim-1(+) T cells and Tim-4(+) dendritic cells might ensure optimal stimulation of T cells, when TCR-derived signals originating within an inflamed environment are weak or waning.
Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol (NTRIP) - Application and Benefit in Modern Surveying Systems (2004)

SUMMARY Real time correction services have been in use for several years and over that time have proved to be a practical solution for GPS positioning. The last year has seen a new development in the provision of real time corrections. Ntrip, or Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol. Developed by the Federal Agency for Cartography and Geodesy of Germany Ntrip, enables the streaming of DGPS or RTK correction data via the internet using GPRS or other future technologies. This paper discusses the theoretical and technical basics of Ntrip and illustrates the practical application of the technique using a currently available product, the Survey Controller Software from Trimble Navigation Ltd. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Echtzeitkorrekturdienste sind seit mehreren Jahren im Einsatz um haben sich fur Anwender bereits vielfach bewahrt. Im vergangenen Jahr wurde ein neues Konzept vorgestellt Korrekturdaten uber das Internet anzubieten. Ntrip, dahinter verbirgt sich die Bezeichnung „Networked Transport of RTCM via Internet Protocol“. Dies ermoglicht dem Nutzer DGPS oder RTK Korrekturdaten uber ein modemfahiges Mobiltelefon via GPRS oder zukunftige Technologien abzurufen und seine Messungen bez. der Genauigkeit zu verbessern. Dieser Bericht beleuchtet kurz die beim Bundesamt fur Kartographie und Geodasie entwickelten theoretischen und technischen Grundlagen dieser Moglichkeit und zeigt ebenso Anwendungsbereiche in bereits existierenden Applikationen wie der Survey Controller Software von Trimble Navigation Ltd.
A teaching file program for use in an ultrasound department. (1986)

A radiology teaching file program has been developed for use in an ultrasound department. Sonographic findings and diagnoses for each case are stored as groups of key words drawn from a vocabulary of up to 2000 key words created by the user. The program runs on a microcomputer and allows storage of 5000 cases per 360 kilobyte floppy disk. Data entry is accomplished entirely by ultrasound technologists based on the ultrasound report. Cases may be retrieved by selecting either individual key words or groups of key words, and the results may be printed out in a variety of formats. Experience in using the system over a 12-month period is discussed.
Performance of Bridge Deck Link Slabs Designed with Ductile Engineered Cementitious Composite (2004)

Peer Reviewed
Tear Film Lipid Layer Thickness as a Function of Blinking (1994)

Alterations in the tear film lipid layer as a function of blinking were investigated using a custom-designed specular reflection monitoring system. The tear film lipid layer of 104 subjects under conditions of normal ("baseline") blinking and "forceful" blinking was quantitated on the basis of specific interference colors. Deliberate, forceful blinking was found to significantly increase the lipid layer thickness (LLT) of the tear film. The magnitude of increase was found to be correlated with the baseline LLT values; individuals with baseline LLT values of 75-150 nm demonstrated a mean increase in LLT of 33 nm following forceful blinking, whereas subjects with baseline LLT values < or = 60 nm experienced a mean increase of 19 nm. The difference in the magnitude of increase between the groups was highly significant (p = 0.0001). The data suggest that, in addition to playing a role in the spreading of lipid across the tear film, the blinking mechanism may be important in the maintenance of the lipid layer by augmenting the expression of lipids from the meibomian glands.
CTIM-28. MULTILAMELLAR MRNA LIPID PARTICLES INDUCE IMMUNOLOGIC REPROGRAMMING IN CANINE AND HUMAN GLIOBLASTOMA PATIENTS (2022)

Abstract BACKGROUND Although mRNA vaccines have been deployed with great success against COVID-19, unlocking this technology against glioblastoma will necessitate new lipid-nanoparticle formulations that overcome cancer tolerance and immunosuppression. OBJECTIVE/METHODS We sought to develop a novel mRNA vaccine system to make tolerogenic tumor antigens appear more dangerous through use of unmodified nucleosides (pathogen associated molecular patterns, PAMPs) and highly cationic lipid shells that elicit a systemic damage response against cancer antigens. RESULTS We developed a novel vaccine formulation that increases payload packaging of tumor amplified mRNA into multilamellar (onion-shaped) particles for systemic (intravenous) administration. We demonstrate significant immunogenicity and efficacy of multilamellar RNA-NPs in syngeneic murine models for high-grade glioma (KR158b-pp65), and diffuse midline glioma (H3K27M DMG). Remarkably, RNA-NPs significantly improve median survival outcomes of DMG bearing mice beginning therapy at endpoint (Day 35 after midline intracranial implantation). Unlike prototypical mRNA vaccines that activate endosomal toll-like receptors (i.e. TLR7), multilamellar RNA-NPs elicit immunologic response predominantly through intracellular pathogen recognition receptors (RIG-I); long-term survival benefits from RNA-NPs were completely abrogated in RIG-I knockout mice. In canines (pet dogs) with spontaneous gliomas, RNA-NPs elicit massive recruitment/activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) which correlate with their trafficking into lymphoreticular organs (in follow-up murine studies). In canines receiving neoadjuvant RNA-NPs, prior to glioma biopsy, we see significant reprogramming of the glioma microenvironment with increased gene signatures for antigen processing/presentation, interferon signaling and cytotoxicity. Upon translation into human clinical trials for glioblastoma patients (NCT04573140), RNA-NPs elicit rapid (within hours) release of cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-6, IL-12 TNF-α, interferons) and chemokines (e.g. MIP1α, MCP-1, IP-10), which correlate with mobilization of PBMCs and activation of dendritic cells/CD8 lymphocytes. CONCLUSION First-in-human application of systemic multilamellar RNA-NP vaccines results in significant biologic effects and rapid immunologic reprogramming.
Two-Year Follow-Up Analysis of Telaprevir-Based Antiviral Triple Therapy for HCV Recurrence in Genotype 1 Infected Liver Graft Recipients as a First Step towards Modern HCV Therapy (2016)

Objective. The introduction of protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir in 2011 had extended the antiviral treatment options especially in genotype 1 infected hepatitis C relapsers and nonresponders to interferon/ribavirin therapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the long-term treatment efficiency of telaprevir-based triple therapy for patients with hepatitis C reinfection after orthotopic liver transplantation. Patients and Methods. We included 12 patients with histologically confirmed graft fibrosis due to hepatitis C reinfection. The treatment duration was scheduled as 12 weeks of telaprevir-based antiviral triple therapy followed by 36 weeks of dual therapy with pegylated interferon/ribavirin. The patients were followed up for two years after the end of triple therapy. Results. Of the 12 patients, 6 (50%) completed the full 48 weeks of antiviral treatment. An end of treatment response and a sustained virological response 52 weeks after the end of the antiviral treatment course were achieved in 8/12 (67%) and 7/12 (58%) patients, respectively. Conclusion. Telaprevir-based triple therapy was shown to be a long-term effective but complex treatment option for individual patients with hepatitis C graft. With the recent improvements in hepatitis C therapy options telaprevir may not be recommended as a standard therapy for this indication anymore.
A Cost-Efficient and Automatic Digitization Workflow Using Commodity Hardware and Image Analysis (2010)

A Cost-Efficient and Automatic Digitization Workflow Using Commodity Hardware and Image Analysis
Allyl Trichloroacetimidate (2001)

[51479-73-3] C5H6Cl3NO (MW 202.47) InChI = 1S/C5H6Cl3NO/c1-2-3-10-4(9)5(6,7)8/h2,9H,1,3H2 InChIKey = UJYZRNWTLPBNOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (delivers allyl group under mild conditions;2 used in the preparation of N-containing intermediates1) Physical Data: bp 74 °C/11 mmHg. Solubility: sol hexane, ether, dichloromethane. Preparative Methods: typical procedure:2 Sodium Hydride (0.5 g, 21 mmol) is slurried in anhydrous ether (20 mL) under a nitrogen blanket. Allyl alcohol (210 mmol) is introduced in ether (30 mL) dropwise with stirring to the slurry. After 20 min, the homogeneous solution is cooled to 0 °C and Trichloroacetonitrile (20 mL, 200 mmol) is added over 15 min. The mixture is allowed to warm to 20 °C over 60 min and then concentrated to a syrup. Pentane (20 mL) containing methanol (0.8 mL, 21 mmol) is added followed by vigorous shaking, filtration, and concentration of the filtrate and pentane washings (2 × 20 mL). The product imidate is obtained as a clear liquid (90–97%). No further purification is required. Alternatively, the imidate can be prepared by using sodium methoxide as a catalyst instead of sodium hydride. Other procedures for the preparation of allyl trichloroacetimidate have been reported.3, 4 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: allyl trichloroacetimidate can be stored in solutions of hexane for up to 2 months at 0 °C. Preparation of allyl trichloroacetimidate should be performed in a well ventilated hood to avoid exposure to trichloroacetonitrile vapors.
(Arene)Cr(CO)3 Complexes: Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.