gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of CCL21 in recruitment of T-precursor cells to fetal thymi (2004)

During embryonic development, T-lymphoid precursor cells colonize the thymus. Chemoattraction by the fetal thymus is thought to mediate T-precursor cell colonization. However, the molecules that attract T-precursor cells to the thymus remain unclear. By devising time-lapse visualization in culture, the present results show that alymphoid fetal thymus lobes attract T-precursor cells from fetal liver or fetal blood. CD4(-)CD8(-)CD25(-)CD44+ fetal thymocytes retained the activity to specifically re-enter the thymus. The attraction was predominantly due to I-A-expressing thymic epithelial cells and was mediated by pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein signals. Among the chemokines produced by the fetal thymus, CCL21, CCL25, and CXCL12 could attract CD4(-)CD8(-)CD25(-)CD44+ fetal thymocytes. However, fetal thymus colonization was markedly diminished by neutralizing antibodies specific for CCL21 and CCL25, but not affected by anti-CXCL12 antibody. Fetal thymus colonization was partially defective in CCL21-deficient plt/plt mice and was further diminished by anti-CCL25 antibody. These results indicate that CCL21 is involved in the recruitment of T-cell precursors to the fetal thymus and suggest that the combination of CCL21 and CCL25 plays a major role in fetal thymus colonization.
The role of social networks in online shopping (2011)

While social interactions are critical to understanding consumer behavior, the relationship between social and commerce networks has not been explored on a large scale. We analyze Taobao, a Chinese consumer marketplace that is the world's largest e-commerce website. What sets Taobao apart from its competitors is its integrated instant messaging tool, which buyers can use to ask sellers about products or ask other buyers for advice. In our study, we focus on how an individual's commercial transactions are embedded in their social graphs. By studying triads and the directed closure process, we quantify the presence of information passing and gain insights into when different types of links form in the network.
Structural, magnetic and optical properties of an FeIIIdimer bridged by the meridional planar divergent N,N′-bis(salicyl)hydrazide and its photo- and electro-chemistry in solution (2012)

{Fe(III)Cl(DMF)(2)}(2)(L) where L is N,N'-bis(salicyl)hydrazide has been synthesized as red crystals and characterized using single-crystal diffraction, infrared and UV-vis spectroscopies, and its magnetic properties studied. The dimeric unit in the structure is formed through the two meridional sets of divergent O, N, O coordinating atoms of the hexacoordinated and quadruply charged ligand. With the presence of the inversion symmetry the Fe atoms are strictly planar with the ligand. The magnetic exchange interaction is found to be antiferromagnetic with a J = -5.98(3) cm(-1) through the rare Fe-N-N-Fe pathway. Irradiation of the FeCl(3)/H(4)L red DMF solution in the visible region of the spectrum resulted in its complete discoloration and from which the unknown colorless salt [Fe(II)(DMF)(6)][Fe(II)Cl(4)] and the neutral ligand have been identified by single crystal diffraction. The UV-visible spectra of FeCl(3), H(4)L and their mixture in DMF solution indicate that the iron complex is the absorbing species and the presence of the free ligand in the irradiated solution suggests that the ligand is potentially acting as a catalyst to the photoreduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II), while electrochemistry points to a mixed-valent (Fe(II)-Fe(III)) intermediate in the process.
Deep Learning-Based Constellation Optimization for Physical Network Coding in Two-Way Relay Networks (2019)

This paper studies a new application of deep learning (DL) for optimizing constellations in two-way relaying with physical-layer network coding (PNC), where deep neural network (DNN)-based modulation and demodulation are employed at each terminal and relay node. We train DNNs such that the cross entropy loss is directly minimized, and thus it maximizes the likelihood, rather than considering the Euclidean distance of the constellations. The proposed scheme can be extended to higher level constellations with slight modification of the DNN structure. Simulation results demonstrate a significant performance gain in terms of the achievable sum rate over conventional relaying schemes. Furthermore, since our DNN demodulator directly outputs bit-wise probabilities, it is straightforward to concatenate with soft-decision channel decoding.
A screening platform for human plasma cells (PCs) reveals a selective response to SYK inhibition (2019)

Abstract Therapeutic targeting of PC populations has potential value in various auto-immune, allergic and neoplastic cell states, but at present few options exist for selective targeting. However, the unique physiology and niche dependence of PCs suggests that such targeting may be achievable. To this end we have developed a sensitive screening platform capable of detecting changes in PC biology. Starting from our published methods for in vitro PC generation we optimised conditions to allow maintenance of PCs in polarised niche environments reflective of homeostatic and inflammatory conditions in microtitre plates. Using this assay format we probed PC biology via small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) targeting BCL2 family members, proteasome, and kinase signalling pathways. We were able to identify SMIs with broad and selective toxicity, as well as SMIs with no effect on PCs. Under all conditions analysed we found consistent divergence in the impact of targeting aspects of B cell receptor (BCR)-associated signalling pathways. Targeting SYK via two distinct SMIs consistently resulted in selective killing of subsets of PCs. By contrast BTK inhibition had no significant effect on PC viability. Whilst the importance of SYK signalling has been well documented at the B cell stage its importance to PCs has to our knowledge not been extensively documented. Retention of functional BCRs has been recently described in BM IgA+ and IgM+ PCs, and examination of expression data indicates selective retention of components of the BCR signalling complex in our assay system. The data presented here demonstrate the potential utility of an in vitro screening platform to evaluate the selective dependency of subsets of PCs on therapeutically targetable pathways.
The relationship between anion exchange and net anion flow across the human red blood cell membrane. (1977)

The conductive (net) anion permeability of human red blood cells was determined from net KCl or K2SO4 effluxes into low K+ media at high valinomycin concentrations, conditions under which the salt efflux is limited primarily by the net anion permeability. Disulfonic stilbenes, inhibitors of anion exchange, also inhibited KCl or K2SO4 efflux under these conditions, but were less effective at lower valinomycin concentrations where K+ permeability is the primary limiting factor. Various concentrations of 4,4'-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS) had similar inhibitory effects on net and exchange sulfate fluxes, both of which were almost completely DIDS sensitive. In the case of Cl-, a high correlation was also found between inhibition of net and exchange fluxes, but in this case about 35% of the net flux was insensitive to DIDS. The net and exchange transport processes differed strikingly in their anion selectivity. Net chloride permeability was only four times as high as net sulfate permeability, whereas chloride exchange is over 10,000 times faster than sulfate exchange. Net OH-permeability, determined by an analogous method, was over four orders of magnitude larger than that of Cl-, but was also sensitive to DIDS. These data and others are discussed in terms of the possibility that a common element may be involved in both net and exchange anion transport.
Partial aperture imaging system based on sparse point spread holograms and nonlinear cross-correlations (2020)

Partial aperture imaging system (PAIS) is a recently developed concept in which the traditional disc-shaped aperture is replaced by an aperture with a much smaller area and yet its imaging capabilities are comparable to the full aperture systems. Recently PAIS was demonstrated as an indirect incoherent digital three-dimensional imaging technique. Later it was successfully implemented in the study of the synthetic marginal aperture with revolving telescopes (SMART) to provide superresolution with subaperture area that was less than one percent of the area of the full synthetic disc-shaped aperture. In the study of SMART, the concept of PAIS was tested by placing eight coded phase reflectors along the boundary of the full synthetic aperture. In the current study, various improvements of PAIS are tested and its performance is compared with the other equivalent systems. Among the structural changes, we test ring-shaped eight coded phase subapertures with the same area as of the previous circular subapertures, distributed along the boundary of the full disc-shaped aperture. Another change in the current system is the use of coded phase mask with a point response of a sparse dot pattern. The third change is in the reconstruction process in which a nonlinear correlation with optimal parameters is implemented. With the improved image quality, the modified-PAIS can save weight and cost of imaging devices in general and of space telescopes in particular. Experimental results with reflective objects show that the concept of coded aperture extends the limits of classical imaging.
Effective cell collection method using collagenase and ultrasonic vibration (2014)

This study proposes a novel cell collection method based on collagenase treatment and ultrasonic vibration. The method collects calf chondrocytes from a reusable metal cell culture substrate. To develop our concept, we calculated the natural vibration modes of the cell culture substrate by a finite element method, and conducted eigenvalue and piezoelectric-structural analyses. Selecting the first out-of-plane vibration mode of the substrate, which has a single nodal circle, we designed and fabricated the cell collection device. The excited vibration mode properly realized our intentions. We then evaluated the cell collection ratio and the growth response, and observed the morphology of the collected cells. The collagenase and ultrasonic vibration treatment collected comparable numbers of cells to conventional trypsin and pipetting treatment, but improved the proliferating cell statistics. Morphological observations revealed that the membranes of cells collected by the proposed method remain intact; consequently, the cells are larger and rougher than cells collected by the conventional method. Therefore, we present a promising cell collection method for adhesive cell culturing process.
Stress analysis method considering piezoelectric effects and its application to static strain optic devices (1999)

A stress analysis method considering piezoelectric effects based on the finite-element method (FEM), which can be applied to arbitrarily anisotropic material-based optical waveguide devices, is newly formulated. To produce a two-step analysis of static strain optic (SSO) and electrooptic (EO) modulations of optical waveguide devices, this stress analysis is linked to the guided mode analysis and the beam propagation analysis taking into account the refractive index changes. Numerical examples are shown for strain-induced optical waveguides and strain-induced polarization mode converters on LiNbO/sub 3/ substrates.
Disruption of the Genes Encoding Antigen 85A and Antigen 85B of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: Effect on Growth in Culture and in Macrophages (2000)

ABSTRACT The mechanism of pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is thought to be multifactorial. Among the putative virulence factors is the antigen 85 (Ag85) complex. This family of exported fibronectin-binding proteins consists of members Ag85A, Ag85B, and Ag85C and is most prominently represented by 85A and 85B. These proteins have recently been shown to possess mycolyl transferase activity and likely play a role in cell wall synthesis. The purpose of this study was to generate strains of M. tuberculosis deficient in expression of the principal members of this complex in order to determine their role in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis . Constructs of fbpA and fbpB disrupted with the kanamycin resistance marker ΩKm and containing varying amounts of flanking gene and plasmid vector sequences were then introduced as linear fragments into H37Rv by electroporation. Southern blot and PCR analyses revealed disruption of the homologous gene locus in one fbpA ::ΩKm transformant and one fbpB ::ΩKm transformant. The fbpA ::ΩKm mutant, LAa1, resulted from a double-crossover integration event, whereas the fbpB ::ΩKm variant, LAb1, was the product of a single-crossover type event that resulted in insertion of both ΩKm and plasmid sequences. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis confirmed that expression of the disrupted gene was not detectable in the fbpA and fbpB mutants. Analysis of growth rates demonstrated that the fbpB mutant LAb1 grew at a rate similar to that of the wild-type parent in enriched and nutrient-poor laboratory media as well as in human (THP-1) and mouse (J774.1A) macrophage-like cell lines. The fbpA mutant LAa1 grew similarly to the parent H37Rv in enriched laboratory media but exhibited little or no growth in nutrient-poor media and macrophage-like cell lines. The targeted disruption of two genes encoding mycolyl transferase and fibronectin-binding activities in M. tuberculosis will permit the systematic determination of their roles in the physiology and pathogenesis of this organism.
Calixarene C8-imidazolium interplay as a design strategy for penetrating organic bi-layers (2009)

1-Octyl-3-methylimidazolium (C8-mim) cation forms multi-component bi-layers with p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene and phosphonium ions, and aquated lanthanide ions, with the imidazolium head group residing in the calixarene cavity and the terminus of the C8 chain penetrating the adjacent hydrophobic bi-layer which is comprised of calixarenes and phosphonium ions, as part of a porous-like extended structure. Hirshfeld surface analyses reveal the nature of the interactions between the components.
Solid state NMR study of 1,3imidazolidine‐2‐thione, 1,3‐imidazolidine‐2‐selenone and some of their N‐substituted derivatives (2004)

Solid‒state NMR spectra were recorded for 1,3‐imidazolidine‐2‐thione, 1,3‐imidazolidine‐2‐selenone and some of their N‐substituted derivatives. Spinning side‐bands of thione and selenone carbons were analysed to yield chemical shift anisotropies for these carbons. The NMR spectrum of imidazolidine‐2‐thione (Imt) showed some evidence for the presence of thiol tautomer. Molecular computations were carried out for Imt and its N‐methyl derivative to yield relative energies of various tautomers.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Development and Validation of a Gene Profile Predicting Benefit of Postmastectomy Radiotherapy in Patients with High-Risk Breast Cancer: A Study of Gene Expression in the DBCG82bc Cohort (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Flowchart of patients included in the training set.&lt;/p&gt;
Endocrine aspects of the falling sperm count (1999)

In recent years, there have been many reports citing a worldwide decrease in sperm counts. This subject, however, remains controversial since many other reports have shown no changes in sperm counts. In this article, the evidence suggesting both a decline or no decline in sperm counts is critically reviewed. Additionally, some of the etiologies and mechanisms potentially involved in affecting spermatogenesis are discussed. These include a reappraisal of endocrine disrupters and the recent discoveries of genetic causes of reproductive endocrinopathies.
Shear stiffness estimation using intravoxel phase dispersion in magnetic resonance elastography (2003)

Dynamic MR elastography (MRE) is a phase-contrast technique in which the periodic shear motion of an object is encoded as variations in the phase of the reconstructed images. An alternative MRE method is presented whereby waves are depicted as intensity variations in the magnitude images due to intravoxel phase dispersion (IVPD). A theoretical framework is developed to model how the IVPD magnitude data are related to the underlying shear wave motion, and how they can be used to estimate shear stiffness. The results are shown in a series of phantom experiments to demonstrate that IVPD MRE complements phase-contrast MRE.
Phospholipid-like Porphinato Iron and Zinc Complexes: Synthesis and Properties (1984)

nbstract -A new ampNpNlic porphyrin having one hydmphilic group, 5,10,15-tri(a, a, 0.-0-pI~alamldophen~1)-20-mono~u-a-[I 2-(2'-trimethylmonioethoxy)phosphinatoxy-2,2-dimethyldode-8, and its ainc and iron complexes were prepared.These were efficiently embedded in a micelle or a liposome because of their amphiphilicity.An interesting approach to mimic the reactions on biomembranea has been developed by using the lipasme-bound metalloporphyrins: models for the photochmical reactions by chlorophyllsl'2 for the redox maations of cytachromes3 and for respiratory hemoprnteln~!-~We have recently synthesiaed the amphiphilic porphinato i m n complexes having four carboel or four phosphocholine groups per a porphyrin as models for mmbrane-bound hm~mopmtelnsfl'~ The control of the hydrophobic-hydmphilic balance of a metalloporphyrin sems to be the key to construct a better model.As a much easier way to mntml the hydrophobic-hydrophilic balance of porphyrlns, we tried to develope a new synthetic process of amphiphllic porphyrins having only one hydrophilic group.The present report mmmuntcates the detailed synthesis and some properties of a new amphiphilic porphyrin, 5,10,15-tri(o,o,u-o-plvtllamldophenyl)-20-mono~~-o-112-(2~-trimethylammonio- e t h 0 x y ) ~h o s p h l n a t o x ~-2 , 2 -d i m ~t h y l d o d ~,1 , and its zinc 2 and iron 3 complexes.12-Benzyloxy-2,2-dimethyldodecanoyl chloride was obtrtlned by the reaction of 10-benzyloxydecanyl bmmide with a-lithlo isobutylatejO followed by the teatment with thionyl chloride (31%).This acid chloride (1.05 eq) was allowed to react with 5,lO,l5,2O-tetra(u, 01, a,a-0-aminopheny1)-
IL1B polymorphisms modulate cystic fibrosis lung disease (2009)

Our findings suggest that IL1beta is a clinically relevant modulator of CF lung disease.
Natural killer cell and macrophage cooperation in MyD88-dependent innate responses to Plasmodium falciparum (2005)

IFN-gamma secretion by natural killer (NK) cells is pivotal to several tumor and viral immune responses, during which NK and dendritic cells cooperation is required. We show here that macrophages are mandatory for NK cell IFN-gamma secretion in response to erythrocytes infected with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf), a causative agent of human malaria. In addition, direct sensing of Pf infection by NK cells induces their production of the proinflammatory chemokine CXCL8, without triggering their granule-mediated cytolytic programs. Despite their reported role in Pf recognition, Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR9, and TLR11 are individually dispensable for NK cell activation induced by Pf-infected erythrocytes. However, IL-18R expression on NK cells, IL-18 production by macrophages, and MyD88 on both cell types are essential components of this previously undescribed pathway of NK cell activation in response to a parasite infection.
Thermoplastic Elastomers (2014)

The article contains sections titled: 1. Thermoplastic Polyolefin Elastomers 1.1. Introduction and Definition 1.2. Thermoplastic Polyolefin Blends 1.2.1. Morphology 1.2.2. Elastomer Component, Soft Domain 1.2.3. Plastic Component, Hard Domain 1.2.4. Compounds, Trade Names 1.2.5. Processing 1.3. Thermoplastic Vulcanizates 1.3.1. Dynamic Vulcanization 1.3.2. Production and Morphology 1.3.3. Types 1.3.4. Processing 1.3.5. Performance and Product Positioning 1.3.6. Uses 1.3.7. Commercial Products and Trade Names 2. Thermoplastic Polyurethane Elastomers 2.1. Introduction 2.2. Raw Materials 2.3. Production 2.4. Properties 2.5. Processing and Use 2.6. Economic Aspects 2.7. Toxicology and Occupational Health 3. Thermoplastic Copolyester Elastomers 3.1. Introduction 3.2. Raw Materials 3.3. Production 3.4. Microstructure and Composition of Segments 3.4.1. Short‐Chain Ester Units (Hard Segments) 3.4.2. Long‐Chain Polyether Soft Segments 3.4.3. Hydrocarbon Soft Segments 3.4.4. Polyester Soft Segments 3.5. Properties 3.6. Blends 3.7. Uses 3.8. Producers, Trade Names 4. Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers 4.1. Introduction 4.2. Raw Materials 4.2.1. Oligoamide Unit 4.2.2. Polyether Units 4.3. Manufacture of Block Polyetheramides 4.3.1. Polyetherester Amides 4.3.2. Synthesis of Polyetheramides 4.4. Physical and Chemical Properties 4.4.1. Block Variations 4.4.2. Morphology 4.4.3. Outstanding Properties 4.4.4. Chemical Resistance 4.4.5. Processing 4.5. Uses 4.6. Trade Names 5. Styrenic Block Copolymers 5.1. Introduction 5.2. Synthesis 5.3. Properties 5.4. Uses 5.4.1. Adhesives, Sealants, and Coatings 5.4.2. Modification of Bitumen 5.4.3. Compounded Products 5.4.4. Modification of Plastics
The impact of spot size, spacing, pattern, duration and intensity of burns on the photocoagulation index in a geometric simulation of pan‐retinal laser photocoagulation (2018)

This geometric simulation method could evaluate the impact of a range of conditions on the photocoagulation index.
Alanine supplementation exploits glutamine dependency induced by SMARCA4/2-loss (2023)

SMARCA4 (BRG1) and SMARCA2 (BRM) are the two paralogous ATPases of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes frequently inactivated in cancers. Cells deficient in either ATPase have been shown to depend on the remaining counterpart for survival. Contrary to this paralog synthetic lethality, concomitant loss of SMARCA4/2 occurs in a subset of cancers associated with very poor outcomes. Here, we uncover that SMARCA4/2-loss represses expression of the glucose transporter GLUT1, causing reduced glucose uptake and glycolysis accompanied with increased dependency on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS); adapting to this, these SMARCA4/2-deficient cells rely on elevated SLC38A2, an amino acid transporter, to increase glutamine import for fueling OXPHOS. Consequently, SMARCA4/2-deficient cells and tumors are highly sensitive to inhibitors targeting OXPHOS or glutamine metabolism. Furthermore, supplementation of alanine, also imported by SLC38A2, restricts glutamine uptake through competition and selectively induces death in SMARCA4/2-deficient cancer cells. At a clinically relevant dose, alanine supplementation synergizes with OXPHOS inhibition or conventional chemotherapy eliciting marked antitumor activity in patient-derived xenografts. Our findings reveal multiple druggable vulnerabilities of SMARCA4/2-loss exploiting a GLUT1/SLC38A2-mediated metabolic shift. Particularly, unlike dietary deprivation approaches, alanine supplementation can be readily applied to current regimens for better treatment of these aggressive cancers.