gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the impact-echo technique / (1992)

Nondestructive testing of concrete for maintenance purposes is the focus of this thesis.The application of a new non destructive testing technique known as impact-echo was examined.The technique is based on transient stress wave p"opagation for the detection of defects in concrete, as weil as measuring the setting time, early age strellgth, and elastic properties.Impact-echo functions by a mechanical impact, where stress pulses are generated in the test subject.The stress pulses undergo multiple retlections between the top and bottom of concrete layers.The surface displaccments are recorded and the frequency of the successive arrivaIs of the retlected pulses is determined.Thus, knowing the thickness of a given layer, together with the measured frcquencies, P-and Swave velocities can be calculated.If on the otller hand, the thickness is unknown, the time-distance graph of the primary surface wave arrivaIs could be used to caIculate the thickness.The position of the impact source relative to the receiver must be selected in su ch a way as to detect P-and S-waves at their maximum reflection amplitude.In this study, defects were detected using the reflected P-waves from their top surfaces.In addition, the change in elastic moduli of various types of concrete mixes was monitored for a 30-day period by measuring p. and S-wave velocities.The impa~t-echo elastic moduli were then compared with static and dynamic values obtained by standard methods in order to assess th'!ir accuracy.i RSUl\'ICe mmoire porte sur les tests non-destructifs u bton des fins prventives.Une nouvelle technique, impact et cho, s'appuyant sur la propagation d'onde:; de contraintes transitoires, fut mise l'preuve pour la dtection de faiblesses dans le bton ainsi que pour mesurer le ttmps de prise, la duret en ma t uration et les proprits lastiques.Le principe d'impact et cho consiste gnrer une impulsion de contraintes dans les sujets.Ces ondes de contraintes sont rflchies entre la surface suprieure et infrieure.Il devient possible en enregis~rant les dplacements en surface, servant calculer les arrives successives des signaux rflchis, de dterminer la vitesse des ondes Pet S connaissant l'paisseur de la couche de bton et les frquences '1lesures.Si, par contre, l'paisseur de la couche est inconnue, un graphique des domaines temps-distances des arrives des ondes primaires de surface peut alors servir donner cette paisseur.La source en ondes doit tre positionne par rapport aux rcepteurs de faon maximiser l'amplitude des ondes P et S rflchies.La mthode impact et cho a permis de localiser les dfauts dans des sujets-tests de bton en utilisant les ondes P rflchies sur la surface suprieure.De plus, les modules d'lasticits de diffrentes mixtures de bton ont p tre mesurs au cours des trente premiers jours de prise.Les rsultats obtenus ont t compars aux rsultats dynamiques et statiques obtenues par mthodes usuelles afin d'en dterminer l'exactitude.
New Nickel(II) Complexes with Tetradentate Schiff Bases Containing Electron-Acceptor Substituents (2018)

Complexes [Ni(3-NO2SalEn)] and [Ni(3-NO2SaltmEn)] were synthesized and identified, and polymers based on them were obtained. It was found with the help of voltammetry that the introduction of nitro groups in the complexes shifts their redox activity in the direction of positive potentials; it was shown by in situ quartz microgravimetry and in situ absorption spectroscopy methods that fragments of the polymer complexes under study can undergo reversible two-electron oxidation at the expense of formation of polarons and bipolarons in the ligand surrounding.
Low Frequency (F+=1.0) Multilayer Piezopolymer Synthetic Jets for Active Flow Control (2002)

Active flow control seeks to control large scale flows by exploiting natural responses triggered by small energy inputs. Preliminary studies have found that the injection of a low frequency (F+ = 1.0) high momentum (c,=l.O%) jet into the flow at the V22 Osprey Tiltrotor aircraft wing can alleviate download during hover operations and thus provide a 20 % increase in payload. Relatively lightweight Synthetic Jets (SJ), also known as zero-net-mass fiux actuators, have been explored as means of efficiently injecting high momentum air into the local aerodynamic flow. Low frequency (less than 100 Hz) SJs present a large displacement challenge, requiring novel actuator configurations. Stacked recurve benders provide an efficient low frequency piston action to drive the synthetic jet. The active element of the actuators were made multilayer piezoelectric polymers. This paper details the development effort including actuator fabrication, SJ development, modeling, prototyping, and experimental analysis. Quasistatic and dynamic SJ models of the stacked recurve actuator driven SJ were used to explore the SJ design space. SJs, which fit in a 1/10 scale V22 flapperon model, were designed, built and tested. In addition, jets designed for a prototype '/4 scale V22 model were built and tested. The model was used to extrapolate the SJ performance of higher energy density electroactive polymer material recurve actpators.
Experimental demonstration of modulation-dependent nonlinear interference in optical fibre communication (2016)

For the first time the modulation format dependence of nonlinear interference in long-haul optical fibre transmission is experimentally demonstrated for polarisation-division multiplexed 4, 16, 64 and 256-QAM.
Abstract PL02-04: IDH mutations and tumorigenicity. (2013)

Abstract Mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and 2 (IDH2) genes are present in ∼20% of acute myeloid leukemia, and cause a neomorphic enzyme activity that results in the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG). Mutational and epigenetic profiling of a large patient cohort of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has revealed that IDH1/2-mutant AMLs display global DNA hypermethylation and impaired hematopoietic differentiation. To further investigate the intrinsic effect of 2HG on hematopoietic proliferation and differentiation, we transfected an erythroleukemia cell line (TF-1) with either IDH1 or IDH2 mutant alleles. These cells overexpress the mutant enzyme, have high levels of 2HG, and exhibit GM-CSF independent growth. Consistent with clinical observations, overexpression of the IDH mutant proteins led to hypermethylation of both histones and DNA. These results suggest that mutations in IDH1/2 could lead to epigenetic rewiring of cells that could facilitate the gain of function phenotype. We are currently studying the global and specific effects of IDH1/2 mutant overexpression to gain a broader understanding of the biological consequence of the IDH1/2 gain of function mutations. We have also generated mutation selective molecules that are capable of inhibiting IDHm enzymes. Upon compound treatment in vitro, we are able to reverse hypermethylation of both histones and DNA and induce cellular differentiation in IDHm cell lines and primary human IDHm AML patient samples(1, 2). These data suggest that an inhibitor of IDH1/2 mutations could correct the altered gene expression patterns seen in IDH1/2 mutant AML tumors leading to a profound effect on hematopoietic differentiation, proliferation and tumor growth. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):PL02-04. Citation Format: F. Wang, J. Travins, B. DeLaBarre, V. Penard-Lacronique, S. Schalm, E. Hansen, K. Straley, A. Kernytsky, W. Liu, C. Gliser, H. Yang, S. Gross, E. Artin, V Saada, E. Mylonas, C. Quivoron, J. Popovici-Muller, J. O. Saunders, F. G. Salituro, S. Yan, S. Murray, W. Wei, Y. Gao, L. Dang, M. Dorsch, S. Agresta, D. P. Schenkein, S. A. Biller, S. M. Su, S. de Botton, Katharine E. Yen. IDH mutations and tumorigenicity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PL02-04.
The somatostatin receptor on isolated pancreatic acinar cell plasma membranes. Identification of subunit structure and direct regulation by cholecystokinin. (1984)

Somatostatin binding to its receptors on rat pancreatic acinar membranes was characterized with [125I-Tyr1]somatostatin. Binding at 24 degrees C was rapid reaching a maximum after 60 min and was reversible upon the addition of 1 microM unlabeled ligand. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class of binding sites, with a Kd of 0.32 +/- 0.03 nM and a binding capacity of 600 +/- 54 fmol/mg of protein. Specificity for the somatostatin was demonstrated with the inhibition of labeled hormone binding by somatostatin analogs in proportion to their biological activities. When [125I-Tyr1]somatostatin was cross-linked to its receptors with the photoreactive cross-linker n-hydroxysuccinimidyl-4-azidobenzoate, the hormone was associated with Mr = 90,000 protein. Similar mobilities of the radioactive band were observed in the presence and absence of dithiothreitol. In contrast to other unrelated peptides, cholecystokinin (CCK) and its analogs directly reduced [125I-Tyr1] somatostatin binding to isolated membranes. The effect of CCK was one-half-maximal at 3 nM and maximal at 100 nM. In the presence of 3 nM CCK8, the binding capacity for somatostatin was decreased to 237 +/- 39 fmol/mg of protein without a significant change in affinity. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP, a CCK receptor antagonist, blocked this action of CCK8 indicating that the CCK receptor mediated the decrease in [125-Tyr1]somatostatin binding. In contrast cerebral cortex membranes, which also possess a somatostatin receptor, were not regulated by CCK. These results indicate, therefore, that 1) purified pancreatic acinar plasma membranes contain specific receptors for somatostatin, 2) the receptor has an apparent Mr of about 90,000, and 3) the binding of somatostatin to its receptor on pancreatic plasma membranes is regulated by CCK analogs acting via the CCK receptor.
Micro-magnetic Rotational Wings in an Alternating Magnetic Field (2001)

Magnetic rotational wings that rotate in an alternating magnetic field were fabricated and analyzed. The rotational wings are composed of the rectangular-shaped magnetic wings and a thin rod in the center that acts as the axis of rotation. When the alternating magnetic field and the initial rotation are applied, the rotational wings keep on rotating at the same frequency as the magnetic field. The magnetization of the wings, the magnetic torque exerted on the wings and the resistance of the air are calculated and the rotation of the wings is simulated. When the thrust generated by the wings overcomes the weight of their own, the wings take off along the guide. The 165-mg 0.9-mm-long micro-rotational wings fabricated by micromachine technology succeeded in taking off at 570Hz. The non-dimensional number Crw was introduced to represent the characteristics of the rotational wings. Crw increases, as the wing length decreases. Crw of around 1mm long rotational wings was estimated to be 2.
Value of Information in Feedback Control: Global Optimality (2021)

The rate-regulation tradeoff, defined between two objective functions, one penalizing the packet rate and one the regulation cost, can express the fundamental performance bound of networked control systems. However, the characterization of the set of globally optimal solutions in this tradeoff for multi-dimensional Gauss-Markov processes has been an open problem. In the present article, we characterize a policy profile that belongs to this set without imposing any restrictions on the information structure or the policy structure. We prove that such a policy profile consists of a symmetric threshold triggering policy based on the value of information and a certainty-equivalent control policy based on a non-Gaussian linear estimator. These policies are deterministic and can be designed separately. Besides, we provide a global optimality analysis for the value of information $\text{VoI}_k$, a semantic metric that emerges from the rate-regulation tradeoff as the difference between the benefit and the cost of a data packet. We prove that it is globally optimal that a data packet containing sensory information at time $k$ be transmitted to the controller only if $\text{VoI}_k$ becomes nonnegative. These results have important implications in the areas of communication and control.
Structure-Based Design of Selective Agonists for a Rickets-Associated Mutant of the Vitamin D Receptor (2002)

The nuclear and steroid hormone receptors function as ligand-dependent transcriptional regulators of diverse sets of genes associated with development and homeostasis. Mutations to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear and steroid hormone receptor family, have been linked to human vitamin D-resistant rickets (hVDRR) and result in high serum 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) concentrations and severe bone underdevelopment. Several hVDRR-associated mutants have been localized to the ligand binding domain of VDR and cause a reduction in or loss of ligand binding and ligand-dependent transactivation function. The missense mutation Arg274 --> Leu causes a >1000-fold reduction in 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) responsiveness and is, therefore, no longer regulated by physiological concentrations of the hormone. In this study, computer-aided molecular design was used to generate a focused library of nonsteroidal analogues of the VDR agonist LG190155 that were uniquely designed to complement the Arg274 --> Leu associated with hVDRR. Half of the designed analogues exhibit substantial activity in the hVDRR-associated mutant, whereas none of the structurally similar control compounds exhibited significant activity. The seven most active designed analogues were more than 16 to 526 times more potent than 1,25(OH)(2)D(3) in the mutant receptor (EC(50) = 3.3-121 nM). Significantly, the analogues are selective for the nuclear VDR and did not stimulate cellular calcium influx, which is associated with activation of the membrane-associated vitamin D receptor.
Preparation of Block Copolymers of Vinyl Acetate in. Viscous Poor Solvents (1977)

Abstract Stable macroradicals of poly(vinyl acetate) were produced by heating vinyl acetate (VAC) and 2% tert-butyl peroxypivalate at 50° C for 96 hr in silicone oil. Block copolymers were produced from these macroradicals by adding a second vinyl monomer and heating at 50° C for an additional 72 hr. The formation of these macroradicals was monitored by yield, dilatometric rate data, and scanning electron micrographs. Poly(vinyl acetate-b-methyl methacrylate), polyvinyl acetate-b-acrylic acid), polyvinyl acetate-b-acrylonitrile), poly(vinyl acetate-b-vinylpyrrolidone), poly(vinyl acetate-b-styrene), and polyvinyl acetate-b-methyl methacrylate-b-styrene) were characterized by yield, selective precipitation, pyrolysis gas chromatograph, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Elevated Body Mass Index Is Associated with Improved Overall Survival in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Patients Undergoing Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen–Directed Radioligand Therapy (2023)

In patients with prostate cancer scheduled for systemic treatment, being overweight is linked to prolonged overall survival (OS), whereas sarcopenia is associated with shorter OS. We investigated fat-related and body composition parameters in patients undergoing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-directed radioligand therapy (RLT) to assess their predictive value for OS. <b>Methods:</b> Body mass index (BMI, in kg/m<sup>2</sup>) and CT-derived body composition parameters (total, subcutaneous, visceral fat area, and psoas muscle area at the L3-L4 level) were determined for 171 patients scheduled for PSMA-directed RLT. After normalization for stature, the psoas muscle index was used to define sarcopenia. Outcome analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression including fat-related and other clinical parameters (Gleason score, C-reactive protein [CRP], lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], hemoglobin, and prostate-specific antigen levels). The Harrell C-index was used for goodness-of-fit analysis. <b>Results:</b> Sixty-five patients (38%) had sarcopenia, and 98 patients (57.3%) had increased BMI. Relative to the 8-mo OS in normal-weight men (BMI < 25), overweight men (25 ≥ BMI > 30) and obese men (BMI ≥ 30) achieved a longer OS of 14 mo (hazard ratio [HR], 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40-0.99; <i>P</i> = 0.03) and 13 mo (HR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.29-0.77; <i>P</i> = 0.004), respectively. Sarcopenia showed no impact on OS (11 vs. 12 mo; HR, 1.4; 95% CI, 0.91-2.1; <i>P</i> = 0.09). Most of the body composition parameters were tightly linked to OS on univariable analyses, with the highest C-index for BMI. In multivariable analysis, a higher BMI (HR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.97; <i>P</i> = 0.006), lower CRP (HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14; <i>P</i> < 0.001), lower LDH (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.14; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and longer interval between initial diagnosis and RLT (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.91-0.99; <i>P</i> = 0.02) were significant predictors of OS. <b>Conclusion:</b> Increased fat reserves assessed by BMI, CRP, LDH, and interval between initial diagnosis and RLT, but not CT-derived body composition parameters, were relevant predictors for OS. As BMI can be altered, future research should investigate whether a high-calorie diet before or during PSMA RLT may improve OS.
Chemical and Toxicological Characterization of Residential Oil Burner Emissions: I. Yields and Chemical Characterization of Extractables from Combustion of No. 2 Fuel Oil at Different Bacharach Smoke Numbers and Firing Cycles (1987)

Particulates and complex organic mixtures were sampled from the exhaust of a flame retention head residential oil burner combusting No. 2 fuel oil at three firing conditions: continuous at Bacharach Smoke No. 1, and cyclic (5 min on, 10 min off) at Smoke Nos. 1 and 5. The complex mixtures were recovered by successive Soxhlet extraction of filtered particulates and XAD-2 sorbent resin with methylene chloride (DCM) and then methanol (MeOH). Bacterial mutagenicity [see Paper II (8)] was found in the DCM extractables. Samples of DCM extracts from the two cyclic firing conditions and of the raw fuel were separated by gravity column chromatography on alumina. The resulting fractions were further characterized by a range of instrumental methods. Average yields of both unextracted particulates and of DCM extractables, normalized to a basis of per unit weight of fuel fired, were lower for continuous firing than for cyclic firing. For cyclic firing, decreasing the smoke number lowered the particulates emissions but only slightly reduced the average yield of DCM extractables. These and similar observations, here reported for two other oil burners, show that adjusting the burner to a lower smoke number has little effect on, or may actually increase, emissions of organic extractables of potential public health interest. Modifications of the burner firing cycle aimed at approaching continuous operation offer promise for reducing the amount of complex organic emissions. Unburned fuel accounted for roughly half of the DCM extractables from cyclic firing of the flame retention head burner at high and low smoke number. Large (i.e., greater than 3 ring) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were not observed in the DCM extractables from cyclic firing. However, nitroaromatics, typified by alkylated nitronaphthalenes, alkyl-nitrobiphenyls, and alkyl-nitrophenanthrenes were found in a minor subfraction containing a significant portion of the total mutagenic activity of the cyclic low smoke samples (8). Oxygen-containing PAH, typified by phenalene-1-one and its alkyl derivatives, are important mutagens from cyclic firing at high smoke conditions. Thus, oil burner effluents differ markedly from those of several other combustors, including the automotive diesel engine, where multiring PAH, typified by fluoranthene and alkylated phenanthrenes, account for a significant portion of the effluent mutagenicity. Implications for combustion and emissions source identification are discussed.
R-Spondin-2 Is Upregulated in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Affects Fibroblast Behavior (2018)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by the expansion of the myofibroblast population, excessive extracellular matrix accumulation, and destruction of the lung parenchyma. The R-spondin family (RSPO) comprises a group of proteins essential for development. Among them, RSPO2 is expressed primarily in the lungs, and its mutations cause severe defects in the respiratory tract. Interestingly, RSPO2 participates in the canonical Wingless/int1 pathway, a critical route in the pathogenesis of IPF. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the expression and putative role of RSPO2 in this disease. We found that RSPO2 and its receptor leucine-rich G protein-coupled receptor 6 were upregulated in IPF lungs, where they localized primarily in fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Stimulation of IPF and normal lung fibroblasts with recombinant human RSPO2 resulted in the deregulation of numerous genes, although the transcriptional response was essentially distinct. In IPF fibroblasts, RSPO2 stimulation induced the up- or downregulation of several genes involved in the Wingless/int1 pathway (mainly from noncanonical signaling). In both normal and IPF fibroblasts, RSPO2 modifies the expression of genes implicated in several pathways, including the cell cycle and apoptosis. In accordance with gene expression, the stimulation of normal and IPF fibroblasts with RSPO2 significantly reduced cell proliferation and induced cell death. RSPO2 also inhibited collagen production and increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1. Silencing RSPO2 with shRNA induced the opposite effects. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, that RSPO2 is upregulated in IPF, where it appears to have an antifibrotic role.
Taking Variable Correlation into Consideration during Parameter Estimation (1998)

Variable correlations are usually neglected during parameter estimation. Very frequently these are gross assumptions and may potentially lead to inadequate interpretation of final estimation results. For this reason, variable correlation and model parameters are sometimes estimated simultaneously in certain parameter estimation procedures. It is shown, however, that usually taking variable correlation into consideration during parameter estimation may be inadequate and unnecessary, unless independent experimental analysis of measurement procedures is carried out.
ENDOR of Superoxide Dismutase: Structure Determination of the Copper Site from Randomly Oriented Specimen (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTENDOR of Superoxide Dismutase: Structure Determination of the Copper Site from Randomly Oriented SpecimenHeiko Reinhard, Reinhard Kappl, Juergen Huettermann, and Maria-Silvia ViezzoliCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 35, 8806–8812Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100086a035https://doi.org/10.1021/j100086a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views53Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts