gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic studies of fluorinated cobaloximes (2013)

In a previous work, a family of cobalt complexes derived from the fluorinated diphenylglyoxime ligand ("dAr^FgH_2") was&#13;\nsynthesized. These complexes, [Co(dAr^FgH)_2(py)_2] (1 ) and [Co(dAr^FgH-BF_2)_2(py)_2] (2 ), are variations of the extensively&#13;\nstudied diglyoxime systems [Co(dRgBF_2)_2L_2] (R = Me, phenyl), which have been shown to catalyze hydrogen evolution at low&#13;\noverpotentials. Like these catalysts, 2 minimizes energy losses by generating hydrogen at negligible thermodn. overpotentials&#13;\nin electrocatalysis expts. Through cyclic voltammetry, it was detd. that hydrogen evolution is occurring in protic solns. at the&#13;\nsecond redn. potential (-0.88 V vs. Its precursor, 1 , was also characterized and studied as a means of better understanding the&#13;\nhydrogen evolution pathway in 2 since both complexes possess a similar electronic structure. This complex exhibits a similar&#13;\ncatalytic peak at E = -0.86 V vs. Nevertheless, the two complexes differ in their electrochem. and suggest that the asym.&#13;\ncomplex 2 is a better catalyst for hydrogen evolution.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of the 2‐Azaallyl Anion Cycloaddition Method to Syntheses of (.+‐.)‐Crinine and (.+‐.)‐6‐Epicrinine. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
First Person Omnidirectional Video (2015)

Fully recording and sharing an immersive experience is one of the ultimate goals of media technology. As extensive technical evolution, omnidirectional video is one of promising media to capture an immersive experience. First person omnidirectional video provides a unique experience of world through someone else's perspective. However, difficulties in wearable camera design and cybersickness induced by shaky video has been obstacle to explore applications of first person omnidirectional video. In this research, we introduce the design and implementation of "JackIn Head" a system including a wearable omnidirectional camera and image stabilization to alleviate cybersickness. Our evaluation revealed the alleviation of cybersickness. Then we report the series of workshops to explore user experience and applications in actual use cases such as virtual travel and virtual sports. We have compiled design implications about cybersickness and motion, immersive sensation, visualization and behavior data of spectators in experience with first person omnidirectional video.
Experiment and simulations on the energy reservoir effect in femtosecond light filaments (2005)

We report the results of an experiment and numerical simulations that demonstrate the large spatial extent and the effect of the so-called energy reservoir during the filamentation of femtosecond laser pulses in air. By inserting pinholes of different sizes in the filament path we observe different stages of development ranging from the termination of the filament, through its partial survival, to undisturbed propagation. A background containing up to 50% of the pulse energy is found to be necessary to maintain the filament formation, including a first refocusing.
Modeling the MYC-driven normal-to-tumour switch in breast cancer (2018)

ABSTRACT The potent MYC oncoprotein is deregulated in many human cancers, including breast carcinoma, and is associated with aggressive disease. To understand the mechanisms and vulnerabilities of MYC-driven breast cancer, we have generated an in vivo model that mimics human disease in response to MYC deregulation. MCF10A cells ectopically expressing a common breast cancer mutation in the PI3 kinase pathway (PIK3CA H1047R ) lead to the development of organized acinar structures in mice. However, expressing both PIK3CA H1047R and deregulated-MYC lead to the development of invasive ductal carcinoma, thus creating a model in which a MYC-dependent normal-to-tumour switch occurs in vivo . These MYC-driven tumors exhibit classic hallmarks of human breast cancer at both the pathological and molecular levels. Moreover, tumour growth is dependent upon sustained deregulated MYC expression, further demonstrating addiction to this potent oncogene and regulator of gene transcription. We therefore provide a MYC-dependent human model of breast cancer which can be assayed for in vivo tumour initiation, proliferation, and transformation from normal breast acini into invasive breast carcinoma. Taken together, we anticipate that this novel MYC-driven transformation model will be a useful research tool to both better understand MYC’s oncogenic function and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities. Conflict of interest statement The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.
Quantification of bone healing: Comparison of QCT, SPA, MRI, and DEXA in dog osteotomies (1990)

Four noninvasive imaging modalities were used to quantitatively evaluate and compare tibial osteotomy healing in dogs. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single-photon absorptiometry (SPA), and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) were the four techniques examined. Bilateral tibial osteotomies were performed in 32 dogs divided into four groups. The osteotomies were stabilized with a 2-mm gap using unilateral external skeletal fixation. Dogs were anesthetized, imaged with the four noninvasive techniques, and killed at 2-12 weeks. Invasive techniques were used to determine: 1) the torsional properties of the bone; and 2) the local stiffness properties and calcium content within the bone. The techniques which had the strongest associations with the torsional properties of the osteotomies were QCT, SPA and DEXA. Generally, QCT and SPA had marginally stronger correlations than DEXA; but, overall, there were no differences between the techniques. MRI had the poorest associations with the torsional properties of the osteotomies. Generally, QCT had the strongest correlations with local material properties, such as indentation stiffness and calcium content. SPA had the second strongest correlations with calcium content and had the third strongest correlations with indentation stiffness behind DEXA. DEXA had the third strongest correlations for calcium content. With the exception of some of the correlations with indentation stiffness, MRI had the poorest associations with the local parameters studied.
Gait after Birmingham Hip Resurfacing (2019)

Patients undergoing HRA improved their preoperative gait pattern of a significant limp to a symmetrical gait at high speeds and on inclines, almost indistinguishable from normal controls. HRA with an approved device offers substantial functional gains, almost indistinguishable from healthy controls. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2019;101-B:1423-1430.
Benefits and barriers to the public health pharmacy: a qualitative exploration of providers’ and commissioners’ perceptions of the Healthy Living Pharmacy framework (2015)

The HLP framework was perceived as valuable by providers although there were areas of concern. A key barrier to the framework - perceived by both providers and commissioners - was the implementation of health checks. This should be considered in future commissioning.
Abstract 3257: NEDD9 is required for initiation of HER2/Neu-dependent mammary tumor development (2010)

Abstract Neural precursor cell-Expressed Developmentally Downregulated gene 9 (NEDD9; HEF1, CAS-L) is a scaffolding protein regulating mitosis, survival, and migration. Within the last 3 years, overexpression of NEDD9 has been implicated in the progression and metastasis of several cancers. Using a Nedd9 knockout strain, we have evaluated the in vivo requirement for NEDD9 in mammary tumorigenesis. Loss of Nedd9 increased the latency of tumor formation in the aggressive MMTV-Polyoma Virus middle T antigen (PyV(m)T) model of mammary tumorigenesis (Izumchenko et al. Cancer Res, 2009). We and others have shown that NEDD9 interacts with and positively regulates activity of key oncogenic signaling proteins such as Aurora-A kinase (AURKA) and Src in cell culture. Tumors harvested from MMTV-PyV(m)T;Nedd9−/− mice had greatly reduced activation of AURKA, SRC, and also FAK and AKT, with the lowest levels of activation correlating with the greatest delays in tumor onset. To explore the role of NEDD9 in a second highly physiological model of mammary tumorigenesis, Nedd9−/− mice were crossed to MMTV-neu (HER2; ErbB2) transgenic mice, and compared with MMTV-neu;Nedd9+/+ counterparts. Strikingly, after over 18 months, 89% of MMTV-neu;Nedd9+/+ mice developed tumors, in contrast to only 29% of MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/− mice. Between genotypes, there is no statistical difference between tumor growth rates or metastasis. Cell lines derived from tumors of both MMTV-neu;Nedd9+/+ and MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/− animals were then used for xenograft tumor growth and experimental metastasis assays. MMTV-neu;Nedd9−/− tumor-derived cell lines grew similarly to MMTV-neu;Nedd9+/+ counterparts as xenografts in the mammary fat pads of SCID mice, but metastasized to the lungs of SCID mice less readily following tail vein injection. These and other data indicate a novel role for NEDD9 in mammary tumor initiation distinct from the role controlling metastasis and progression of tumors in cooperation with the oncogenes FAK and SRC. Further, the work suggests that HER2-driven mammary tumorigenesis is dependent on NEDD9 at initial stages, but NEDD9 is not required for tumor maintenance, progression, or metastasis from primary organ sites. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3257.
Speech factorization for HMM-TTS based on cluster adaptive training (2012)

This paper presents a novel approach to factorize and control different speech factors in HMM-based TTS systems. In this paper cluster adaptive training (CAT) is used to factorize speaker identity and expressiveness (i.e. emotion). Within a CAT framework, each speech factor can be modelled by a different set of clusters. Users can control speaker identity and expressiveness independently by modifying the weights associated with each set. These weights are defined in a continuous space, so variations of speaker and emotion are also continuous. Additionally, given a speaker which has only neutral-style training data, the approach is able to synthesise speech with that speaker’s voice and different expressions. Lastly, the paper discusses how generalization of the basic factorization concept could allow the production of expressive speech from neutral voices for other HMM-TTS systems not based on CAT.
CD control comparison of step-and-repeat versus step-and-scan DUV lithography for sub-0.25-μm gate printing (1998)

In this paper, the intra-field critical dimension (CD) control of a KrF step&scan and step&repeat system are investigated and compared. The scanners are expected to replace the conventional steppers in the manufacturing of integrated circuit generation of 0.18 micrometer and beyond, because of the larger field size and the intrinsic improvement in intra- field CD and overlay control using comparable lens design, complexity and cost. The work has been focused on sub-0.25 micrometer critical dimensions. A reticle design for both top- down CD measurements and electrical linewidth probing has allowed massive data collection and investigation of the impact of the metrology technique in CD control studies. From this study, it can be concluded that the stepper and scanner exhibit similar CD control at best focus, but the scanner improves the CD control of the stepper if the considered focus range increases. The CD control is governed by the reticle CD non-uniformity. Focus budget calculations indicate that reticle CD ranges of 40 nm (4x) are needed to bring the CD control of 0.2 micrometer grouped lines within acceptable ranges for realistic gate levels. For isolated lines, dedicated deep-UV resists and resolution enhancement techniques will be needed on top of this to obtain similar CD control.
Identity of Activation Molecule 3 on Superantigen-Stimulated Bovine Cells Is CD26 (2001)

Most CD8(+) T cells in cultures of bovine mononuclear cells stimulated with staphylococcal enterotoxin C1 develop an unusual phenotype characterized by expression of activation molecule 3 (ACT3). This superantigen-dependent phenotype may be relevant to immunopathogenesis mediated by certain microbial toxins. The size and N-terminal sequence of immunoprecipitated ACT3 indicate that ACT3 is the bovine orthologue of CD26.
Platinum Catalysis Revisited—Unraveling Principles of Catalytic Olefin Hydrosilylation (2016)

Hydrosilylation of C–C multiple bonds is one of the most important applications of homogeneous catalysis in industry. The reaction is characterized by its atom-efficiency, broad substrate scope, and widespread application. To date, industry still relies on highly active platinum-based systems that were developed over half a century ago. Despite the rapid evolution of vast synthetic applications, the development of a fundamental understanding of the catalytic reaction pathway has been difficult and slow, particularly for the industrially highly relevant Karstedt's catalyst. A detailed mechanistic study unraveling several new aspects of platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation using Karstedt's catalyst as platinum source is presented in this work. A combination of 2H-labeling experiments, 195Pt NMR studies, and an in-depth kinetic study provides the basis for a further development of the well-established Chalk–Harrod mechanism. It is concluded that the coordination strength of the olefin exerts a decisive effect on the kinetics of the reaction. In addition, it is demonstrated how distinct structural features of the active catalyst species can be derived from kinetic data. A primary kinetic isotope effect as well as a characteristic product distribution in deuterium-labeling experiments lead to the conclusion that the rate-limiting step of platinum-catalyzed hydrosilylation is in fact the insertion of the olefin into the Pt–H bond rather than reductive elimination of the product in the olefin/silane combinations studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Complementary Stereochemical Outcomes in Proline‐Based Self‐Regenerations of Stereocenters. (2014)

Abstract Stereoselective alkylation of proline‐based amino amides is described.
Three-point bending of seven layer beams (2019)

The subject of the paper is a symmetrical seven layer beam with foam cores and it is extended version of abstract presented by authors in [7]. The beam consists of the main core, two inner sheets, two outer cores and two external sheets. The cores are metal foams, while the sheets are metal. The analytical model of the beam is developed. The displacement is formulated with consideration of the zig-zag hypothesis of deformation of a flat cross-section of the beam and the governing differential equations for the considered beam are derived based on the stationary total potential energy. The studies are devoted to deflections of the beams under a three-point bending. The influence of the different types of cores and faces on the deflections of the beam is analyzed. Moreover, the numerical FEM-model of the beam is presented in two different FEM programs: ABAQUS System and SolidWorks Simulation. The results of the analysis are presented in Tables and Figures.
Incidence of Sexual Side Effects in Refractory Depression During Treatment With Citalopram or Paroxetine (2005)

Open-ended questions are an insufficient tool to estimate sexual dysfunction, and premarketing clinical trials should therefore include basic explicit assessments. The failure to find a correlation between treatment duration and sexual dysfunction adds to the notion that sexual side effects due to SSRIs do not abate over time.
Positive and Negative Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids on Health (2019)

Cannabis is the most popular illicit drug in the Western world. Repeated cannabis use has been associated with short- and long-term side effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular disorders, cognitive alterations, psychosis, schizophrenia, and mood disorders. However, casual relations between cannabis use and these adverse effects are missing. On the other hand, recent research proposed promising therapeutic potential of cannabinoid-based drugs for a wide range of medical conditions, including neurological and psychiatric disorders. The current article presents a contemporary review on the adverse effects, safety, and the therapeutic potential of cannabis and cannabinoid-based drugs. Given the growing popularity in the use of cannabinoid-based drugs for both recreational and medical purposes and their potential harmful effects, there is a need for further investigation in this field.
Search for lepton flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson to eτ and eμ in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV (2016)

A direct search for lepton flavour violating decays of the Higgs boson (H) in the H e and H e channels is described. The data sample used in the search was collected in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb -1 . No evidence is found for lepton flavour violating decays in either final state. Upper limits on the branching fractions, B(H e) < 0.69% and B(H e) < 0.035%, are set at the 95% confidence level. The constraint set on B(H e) is an order of magnitude more stringent than the existing indirect limits. The limits are used to constrain the corresponding flavour violating Yukawa couplings, absent in the standard model.
Mice Against Ticks: an experimental community-guided effort to prevent tick-borne disease by altering the shared environment (2019)

Mice Against Ticks is a community-guided ecological engineering project that aims to prevent tick-borne disease by using CRISPR-based genome editing to heritably immunize the white-footed mice ( Peromyscus leucopus) responsible for infecting many ticks in eastern North America. Introducing antibody-encoding resistance alleles into the local mouse population is anticipated to disrupt the disease transmission cycle for decades. Technology development is shaped by engagement with community members and visitors to the islands of Nantucket and Martha's Vineyard, including decisions at project inception about which types of disease resistance to pursue. This engagement process has prompted the researchers to use only white-footed mouse DNA if possible, meaning the current project will not involve gene drive. Instead, engineered mice would be released in the spring when the natural population is low, a plan unlikely to increase total numbers above the normal maximum in autumn. Community members are continually asked to share their suggestions and concerns, a process that has already identified potential ecological consequences unanticipated by the research team that will likely affect implementation. As an early example of CRISPR-based ecological engineering, Mice Against Ticks aims to start small and simple by working with island communities whose mouse populations can be lastingly immunized without gene drive. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'The ecology and evolution of prokaryotic CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems'.
Point Clouds, Part 2 (2012)

This chapter builds on what you learned about point clouds and the Kinect to explore more advanced 3-D concepts. We will extend our methods to handle more than one image at the time. There are many things we could do with a point cloud, and in this chapter, we will explore three areas: Registration Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) Surface reconstruction
Extensive amino acid sequence polymorphism in the Patr-B allotypes of the Gombe and BPRC chimpanzees. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;(A) Displayed are the amino acid sequence differences that distinguish the α&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; domains of Gombe &lt;i&gt;P. t. schweinfurthii&lt;/i&gt; (upper group) and BPRC &lt;i&gt;P. t. verus&lt;/i&gt; (lower group) Patr-B allotypes. Only polymorphic positions are included. Identity to the consensus is denoted by a dash. For amino acid differences from the consensus, the residue is shown. The black-filled boxes between the two sets of sequences show which residues contribute to binding sites for peptide, T cell receptor (TCR), CD8 T-cell coreceptor (CD8), KIR and the invariant β&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-microglobulin subunit (β&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-m) of the MHC class I molecule. In bold are the names of “novel” alleles, which were discovered in the Gombe population. Positions highlighted in gray are polymorphic in one population but not the other. (B) Histograms showing the value of the sequence variability coefficient, W, for the Gombe (upper) and BPRC (lower) Patr-B allotypes. The histograms are in vertical alignment with the sequence alignment in (A). For each population, the horizontal dashed lines mark the value for W that is twice the mean W value for all polymorphic residues in the population.&lt;/p&gt;
Surface Kinetics Model for SiLK Chemical Mechanical Polishing (2002)

The surface mechanism for SiLK removal by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is modeled quantitatively using modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood surface reaction kinetics to define the boundary condition on the wafer surface for three-dimensional diffusive mass-transport equations. The model generates slurry concentration distributions between the pad and wafer as well as a CMP removal rate profile along the wafer diameter. Mathematically predicted removal rates of 15-200 nm/min accurately represent experimental data for concentrations of 0.0015-0.024 M potassium-hydrogen phthalate slurry. Three-dimensional model fits to experimental data for a range of velocity and pressure indicate that the SiLK CMP removal rate is controlled by a combination of (i) chemical reaction altering the SiLK surface layer and (ii) physically enhanced desorption of the reacted surface layer into the surrounding slurry. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Functional Identification of the Alveolar Edema Reabsorption Activity of Murine Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (2003)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) activates sodium channels in Type II alveolar epithelial cells, an important mechanism for the reported fluid resorption capacity of the cytokine. Both TNF-alpha receptor-dependent and -independent effects were proposed for this activity in vitro, the latter mechanism mediated by the lectin-like domain of the molecule. In this study, the relative contribution of the receptor-dependent versus receptor-independent activities was investigated in an in situ mouse lung model and an ex vivo rat lung model. Fluid resorption due to murine TNF-alpha (mTNF-alpha) was functional in mice that were genetically deficient in both types of mTNF-alpha receptor, establishing the importance of mTNF-alpha receptor-independent effects in this species. In addition, we assessed the capacity of an mTNF-alpha-derived peptide (mLtip), which activates sodium transport by a receptor-independent mechanism, to reduce lung water content in an isolated, ventilated, autologous blood-perfused rat lung model. The results show that in this model, mLtip, in contrast to mTNF-alpha, produced a progressive recovery of dynamic lung compliance and airway resistance after alveolar flooding. There was also a significant reduction in lung water. These results indicate that the receptor-independent lectin-like domain of mTNF-alpha has a potential physiological role in the resolution of alveolar edema in rats and mice.