gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-line gradient algorithms for network control (1994)

Gradient algorithms are natural tools for on-line adaptive network control. They have the major advantage of relating directly to measurable cost/performance functions. Difficulties in using such algorithms arise primarily in their computational complexity, in the possibility of effectively distributing the computation accross the network, and in the time-response of the network to the controls. The purpose of this paper is to discuss these issues, and to present analytical and simulation results which point towards the potential benefit of gradient algorithms for future high speed -network management and control.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Diels—Alderases: Elusive and Irresistable (2016)

Abstract Review: [48 refs.
Photochromic Dopamine Receptor Ligands Based on Dithienylethenes and Fulgides (2017)

We describe the incorporation of the well-investigated class of photochromic dithienylethenes (DTEs) and fulgides into known dopamine receptor ligands such as 1,4-disubstituted aromatic and hydroxybenzoxazinone piperazines as well as aminoindanes. Subtype and functional selective photochromic ligands were obtained and characterized by NMR and UV/VIS spectroscopic measurements. The photophysical properties of the DTE based dopamine ligands revealed a high fatigue resistance for the diarylmaleimides, but the ringclosure could not be accomplished in polar solvents due to a known twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT). Several cyclopentene-DTEs showed high PSS, but a fast degradation by forming an irreversible byproduct. Focusing on the fulgides, high photostationary states and switching in polar solvents were possible. The compounds 43, 45 and 46 containing the isopropyl group showed only isomerization between the open E-form and the closed C-form. At a concentration of 1 nm, the cyclopentene-DTE 29-open showed a more than 11-fold higher activation of D<sub>2S</sub> , a pharmacologically important G protein-coupled receptor, than its photochromic congener 29-closed. Interestingly, the fulgimide-based pair 52-(E)-open/52-closed could be discovered as an alternative photoswitch with inverse activation properties exhibiting four-fold higher activity in the closed state.
Experimental Two-Phase Flow Analysis Inside a Laboratory Scale Jet-Engine Combustion Chamber Using Particle Image Velocimetry (2020)

Abstract The characterization of the two-phase kerosene/air flow near the nozzle of an aero-engine combustor is important in order to understand the combustion characteristics of the burner. Typically, particle image velocimetry (PIV) or laser Doppler velocimetry is used to measure velocities inside aero-engine combustors. However, these measurement techniques rely on tracer particles to visualize the flow field and are usually only able to measure the velocity field of one phase at a time. In the case of PIV measurements, both the flow tracers and the kerosene droplets scatter the laser light, and thus appear on the PIV recordings. Depending on droplet size and flow velocity, these kerosene droplets do not necessarily follow the airflow leading to errors in the derived velocity field. This work presents a method on how to separate kerosene droplets from flow tracers depending on their optical characteristics in the PIV recording. This phase separation enables the independent measurement of the flow fields of both the gaseous and liquid phase at the same time as well as the instantaneous slip velocity between droplets and gaseous flow using a standard PIV setup. The method is demonstrated on a laboratory scale aero-engine combustor operated at atmospheric conditions. The obtained results show that in the setup under investigation, gaseous and liquid phase can have significantly different flow fields with kerosene droplets moving in the opposite direction of the recirculating airflow.
Activation of a Spatial, Temporal, and Spectrally Sculpted Front End for the Mercury Laser (2007)

We have produced over 500 mJ using a hybrid fiber-based master-oscillator system coupled with a Yb:S-FAP power amplifier. This system is designed with spatial, temporal, and spectral sculpting enabling broadband amplification correctable for gain narrowing.
PPP2R2C Loss Promotes Castration-Resistance and Is Associated with Increased Prostate Cancer-Specific Mortality (2013)

Metastatic prostate cancers generally rely on androgen receptor (AR) signaling for growth and survival, even following systemic androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT). However, recent evidence suggests that some advanced prostate cancers escape ADT by using signaling programs and growth factors that bypass canonical AR ligand-mediated mechanisms. We used an in vitro high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) screen to identify pathways in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cell lines whose loss-of-function promotes androgen ligand-independent growth. We identified 40 genes where knockdown promoted proliferation of both LNCaP and VCaP prostate cancer cells in the absence of androgen. Of these, 14 were downregulated in primary and metastatic prostate cancer, including two subunits of the protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) holoenzyme complex: PPP2R1A, a structural subunit with known tumor-suppressor properties in several tumor types; and PPP2R2C, a PP2A substrate-binding regulatory subunit that has not been previously identified as a tumor suppressor. We show that loss of PPP2R2C promotes androgen ligand depletion-resistant prostate cancer growth without altering AR expression or canonical AR-regulated gene expression. Furthermore, cell proliferation induced by PPP2R2C loss was not inhibited by the AR antagonist MDV3100, indicating that PPP2R2C loss may promote growth independently of known AR-mediated transcriptional programs. Immunohistochemical analysis of PPP2R2C protein levels in primary prostate tumors determined that low PPP2R2C expression significantly associated with an increased likelihood of cancer recurrence and cancer-specific mortality. These findings provide insights into mechanisms by which prostate cancers resist AR-pathway suppression and support inhibiting PPP2R2C complexes or the growth pathway(s) activated by PPP2R2C as a therapeutic strategy.
Role of relaxation processes in stabilization of photoinduced charges in a biological membrane (1989)

Picosecond absorption spectroscopy was used in a study of stabilization of a primary ion-radical pair P+I− in reaction centers of purple bacteria Rb. sphaeroides. Measurements were made on samples with hydrogen bonds modified by isotopic substitution of H2O with D2O and by introduction of cryoprotectors into the structure of the reaction centers. The state P+I−, which appeared as a result of separation of charges in a P *I complex, was stabilized by the interaction of P+I− with charged light groups of the water–protein environment in modified reaction centers after an interval of ~ 1 ns (stabilization in control samples took ~ 100 ps). Moreover, the transport of an electron to the next acceptor Qa was slowed down (by a factor of ~ 5) in modified reaction centers and the probability of recombination of charges increased (by a factor of ~ 3) in the unrelaxed state. Relaxation processes lowered the energy level of P+I− by 0.03–0.05 eV and reduced the energy of the interaction in an ion-radical pair by a factor of 2.
A single-carrier frequency-domain SDMA basestation (2002)

Two major technical challenges in the design of future broadband wireless networks are the impairments of the propagation channel and the need for spectral efficiency. We previously proposed a combined OFDM/SDMA approach that mitigates the channel impairments by orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with cyclic prefix insertion and that achieves a high spectral efficiency by space division multiple access (SDMA). However, because of the multicarrier modulation, this approach requires high-backoff power amplifiers in the analog frontend. We present a SC-FD-SDMA basestation, which avoids these expensive amplifiers by using constant-envelope single-carrier (SC) modulation and still features the advantages of frequency-domain (FD) multipath mitigation and SDMA. We pay special attention to the initialization of such basestation and its fixed point requirements, since they are critical aspects of any realistic implementation. A case-study shows how SC-FD-SDMA enables a 100 Mbps wireless LAN with a bandwidth efficiency of 8 bps/Hz and an uncoded BER of 10/sup -3/ at 13.5 dB.
Data processing and image reconstruction methods for the HEAD PENN-PET scanner (1998)

Methods of reconstruction and quantitation are developed for a 3D system and are evaluated on the septa-less HEAD PENN-PET scanner, which has a very large axial acceptance angle (/spl theta//sub max/=/spl plusmn/28/spl deg/ in the center) and large axial field-of-view of 256 mm. To overcome the difficulties of data storage and reconstruction time with 3D reconstruction, the authors have reduced the size of the 4-D projection matrix required for 3D-RP reconstruction, and compared the results to the Fourier rebinning (FORE) algorithm. Both approaches achieve a favorable tradeoff in data storage requirements, reconstruction time, and accuracy that are suitable for clinical use. The authors have also studied the application of the FORE algorithm to transmission scans acquired with a single point source (/sup 137/Cs) so that data quantitation can be performed.
Polyolefin/Clay Nanocomposites: Theory and Simulation (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Nanocomposite Morphology, Thermodynamics, and Phase Behavior Nanocomposite Rheology and Dynamics Prediction of Nanocomposite Properties Conclusions Acknowledgment Nomenclature References
Doppler Spectroscopy System for the Plasma Velocity Measurements in SMOLA Helical Mirror (2019)

The measurements of the plasma velocity in the SMOLA helical mirror by observation of the Doppler shift of the Hα spectral lines emission were done by high spatial resolution spectrometer. A set of experiments was carried out with the different configuration and amplitude of the magnetic field. Potential is driven by plasma gun potentials. The radial distribution of the Doppler shift of the Hα line is used to calculate the velocity of neutral hydrogen, which gives the estimate of the plasma rotation velocity ω ≈ 106 s−1. The indicated velocity corresponds to the presence of the radial electric field E ∼ 70 V/cm. The dependence of the plasma rotation velocity on the radial profile of the electrostatic potential is discussed.
Functional Analysis of a Predicted Flavonol Synthase Gene Family in Arabidopsis (2008)

The genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contains five sequences with high similarity to FLAVONOL SYNTHASE1 (AtFLS1), a previously characterized flavonol synthase gene that plays a central role in flavonoid metabolism. This apparent redundancy suggests the possibility that Arabidopsis uses multiple isoforms of FLS with different substrate specificities to mediate the production of the flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol, in a tissue-specific and inducible manner. However, biochemical and genetic analysis of the six AtFLS sequences indicates that, although several of the members are expressed, only AtFLS1 encodes a catalytically competent protein. AtFLS1 also appears to be the only member of this group that influences flavonoid levels and the root gravitropic response in seedlings under nonstressed conditions. This study showed that the other expressed AtFLS sequences have tissue- and cell type-specific promoter activities that overlap with those of AtFLS1 and encode proteins that interact with other flavonoid enzymes in yeast two-hybrid assays. Thus, it is possible that these "pseudogenes" have alternative, noncatalytic functions that have not yet been uncovered.
Rapid solidification processing and characterization of semiconducting Inx, Ga1-x alloys (1988)

Abstract Vacuum-sealed Inx, Ga1-x, (x = 0·1 1–0·93) alloys were rapidly solidified at cooling rates greater than l06 Ks−l by ejecting melts on to a rotating copper disc. Thin flake or alloy powder formation was studied at disc spinning velocities in the approximate range 14–64ms−1. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and thermal analyses revealed non-equilibrium microcrystalline phases in the flakes and powders with average grain sizes varying from about 2·7 to 7 μAmorphous phase formation was also observed in powders of two indium concentrations (x = 0·51 and x = 0middot;44) at disc velocities of about 25 and 64ms−l. Electrical resistivity data (100–400°c) on flakes of the x = 0·51 alloy suggest a resistivity minimum at about 100°C.
Mitral and Aortic Valve Balloon Valvotomy (2014)

The invasive management of valvular stenosis has been evolving since the first surgical procedure performed in 1914. During the last several years, catheter balloon valvotomy has been used as a nonsurgical treatment for stenotic aortic and mitral valves. The procedure and equipment have improved over these years. This has contributed to reduced procedure-related morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, we discuss etiology, pathophysiology, results, and complications as well as various technical aspects of mitral and aortic valvotomy.
Paper-based multiplexed vertical flow assay for point-of-care testing (2019)

We developed a multiplexed point-of-care immunodiagnostic assay for antibody detection in human sera made through the vertical stacking of functional paper layers. In this multiplexed vertical flow immunodiagnostic assay (xVFA), a colorimetric signal is generated by gold nanoparticles captured on a spatially-multiplexed sensing membrane containing specific antigens. The assay is completed in 20 minutes, following which the sensing membrane is imaged by a cost-effective mobile-phone reader. The images are sent to a server, where the results are rapidly analyzed and relayed back to the user. The performance of the assay was evaluated by measuring Lyme-specific antibodies in human sera as model target antibodies. The presented platform is rapid, simple, inexpensive, and allows for simultaneous and quantitative measurement of multiple antibodies and/or antigens making it a suitable point-of-care platform for disease diagnostics.
Electrochemical modification of steel by platinum nanoparticles (2016)

The aim of this study was to synthesize low-concentration catalysts with a highly developed surface based on nanodispersed platinum deposited onto the steel surface electrochemically modified with the use of an ionic liquid. Sintered fibers of austenitic steel without pretreatment (steel 1) and etched with hydrochloric acid to remove surface oxides (steel 2) were used as substrates. 1-Butyl-4-methylimidazolium acetate [BMIM][Ac] ionic liquid was used. Variation of the current intensity and anodic treatment time leads to the formation of different structures at the steel surface. For steel 2, optimal conditions leading to self-organization, namely, formation of hexagonal structures, have been selected. It has been demonstrated that formation of nanostructures at the steel surface can occur without the participation of fluoride ions. Low-concentration (Pt/steel 2) catalysts with a uniform distribution of platinum nanoparticles over the surface were prepared via galvanostatic deposition from an aqueous solution of H2PtCl6.
Regulation of Monocyte Functional Heterogeneity by miR-146a and Relb (2012)

Monocytes serve as a central defense system against infection and injury but can also promote pathological inflammatory responses. Considering the evidence that monocytes exist in at least two subsets committed to divergent functions, we investigated whether distinct factors regulate the balance between monocyte subset responses in vivo. We identified a microRNA (miRNA), miR-146a, which is differentially regulated both in mouse (Ly-6C[superscript hi]/Ly-6C[superscript lo]) and human (CD14[superscript hi]/CD14[superscript lo]CD16[superscript +]) monocyte subsets. The single miRNA controlled the amplitude of the Ly-6C[superscript hi] monocyte response during inflammatory challenge whereas it did not affect Ly-6C[superscript lo] cells. miR-146a-mediated regulation was cell-intrinsic and depended on Relb, a member of the noncanonical NF-κB/Rel family, which we identified as a direct miR-146a target. These observations not only provide mechanistic insights into the molecular events that regulate responses mediated by committed monocyte precursor populations but also identify targets for manipulating Ly-6C[superscript hi] monocyte responses while sparing Ly-6C[superscript lo] monocyte activity.
Reducing Conductivity Variability in Si Nanowires via Surface Passivation for Nanoelectronics (2021)

Ensembles of semiconductor nanowires grown via the bottom-up vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism, especially those that are lightly doped or nominally undoped, can exhibit large nanowire-to-nanowire variations in electrical conductivity. This broad conductivity distribution, attributed to uncontrolled surfaces and the large surface area of nanowires, limits the fabrication of homogeneous ensembles of nanoelectronic devices, including transistors, photovoltaics, and biosensors. While methods to control surfaces are well understood for planar surfaces, the diversity of surface structures in a nanowire ensemble introduces new processing and characterization challenges. Here, we employ electro-orientation spectroscopy, a high-throughput, solution-based method, to measure the conductivity distributions and quantify the variability of as-synthesized and postprocessed Si nanowire ensembles. Our measurements reveal a conductivity distribution with an unusual, highly skewed non-Gaussian shape, whose variability is best quantified with a log-normal coefficient of variation (COV). We demonstrate a reduction in the COV up to 2.6× as a function of increasing conformal Al2O3 thickness. The decreased COV and accompanying increase in mean conductivity are consistent with a narrower distribution of surface-state densities upon passivation. Our findings highlight the surface-dependent variations inherent to bottom-up nanowire processing, and the need for advanced processes and analytical tools to control these variations for nanoelectronic applications.
Enhanced additive manufacturing with a reciprocating platen (2023)

An additive manufacturing extrusion head that includes a heated nozzle for accepting a feedstock and extruding the feedstock onto a substrate at a deposition plane, the nozzle having a longitudinal extrusion axis. A reciprocating platen surrounds the nozzle, the platen operable to reciprocate along the extrusion axis at or above the deposition plane as the nozzle extrudes feedstock onto the substrate; and wherein the platen flattens the extruded feedstock such that it does not protrude above the deposition plane as the extrusion head traverses over the substrate.
The first ATPase domain of the yeast 246-kDa protein is required for in vivo unwinding of the U4/U6 duplex (1999)

The yeast PRP44 gene, alternatively named as BRR2, SLT22, RSS1, or SNU246, encodes a 246-kDa protein with putative RNA helicase function during pre-mRNA splicing. The protein is a typical DEAD/H family member, but unlike most other members of this family, it contains two putative RNA helicase domains, each with a highly conserved ATPase motif. Prior to this study little was known about functional roles for these two domains. We present genetic and biochemical evidence that ATPase motifs of only the first helicase domain are required for cell viability and pre-mRNA splicing. Overexpression of mutations in the first domain results in a dominant negative phenotype, and extracts from these mutant strains inhibit in vitro pre-mRNA splicing. In vitro analyses of affinity purified proteins revealed that only the first helicase domain possesses poly (U)-dependent ATPase activity. Overexpression of a dominant negative protein in vivo reduces the relative abundance of free U4 and U6 snRNA with a concomitant accumulation of the U4/U6 duplex. Accumulation of the U4/U6 duplex was relieved by overexpression of wild-type Prp44p. Three DEAD/H box proteins, Prp16p, Prp22p and Prp44p, have previously been shown to affect U4/U6 unwinding activity in vitro. The possible role of these proteins in mediating this reaction in vivo was explored following induced expression of ATPase domain mutants in each of these. Although overexpression of the mutant form of either Prp16p, Prp22p, or Prp44p was lethal, only expression of the mutant Prp44p resulted in accumulation of the U4/U6 helix. Our results, when combined with previously published in vitro results, support a direct role for Prp44p in unwinding of the U4/U6 helix.
MAFTIA Conceptual Model and Architecture (2001)

This document builds on the work reported in MAFTIA deliverable D1. It contains a refinement of the MAFTIA conceptual model and a discussion of the MAFTIA architecture. It also introduces the work done in WP6 on verification and assessment of security properties, which is reported on in more detail in MAFTIA deliverable D4
Blockcodes (1995)

Die Shannon’sche Informationstheorie wurde mit dem wichtigen Ergebnis abgeschlossen, daß die Leistungsfähigkeit eines fehlerbehafteten Übertragungskanals durch Angabe eines einzelnen Maßes, der Kanalkapazität C, hinreichend charakterisiert werden kann. Die Kanalkapazität C beschreibt dabei einen Informationsfluß, der maximal fehlerfrei über den betrachteten Kanal übertragen werden kann. D.h., jede Quelle Q, die eine Bitrate R Q < C produziert, kann diese Rate R Q mit beliebig kleinem Restfehler über den gegebenen Kanal übertragen, wenn auf der Senderseite geeignete Kanalcodiermethoden angewandt werden, die den Empfänger in die Lage versetzen, Übertragungsfehler zu erkennen bzw. zu korrigieren. In dem von Shannon angegebenen Beweis ist allerdings noch keine praktische Konstruktionsvorschrift enthalten, aber die wesentliche Idee für den Entwurf redundanter Codes ist bereits durch die in Bild 1.14 angegebene Transformation zwischen den Listen der Quelle und des Kanaleingangs angegeben. Diese Transformation ist bei Shannon durch eine stochastische (zufällige) Zuordnung realisiert worden.
Online navigation summaries (2010)

Our objective is to find a small set of images that summarize a robot's visual experience along a path. We present a novel on-line algorithm for this task. This algorithm is based on a new extension to the classical Secretaries Problem. We also present an extension to the idea of Bayesian Surprise, which we then use to measure the fitness of an image as a summary image.