gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Non vitamin-K dependent oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in chronic kidney disease patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation]. (2017)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most common arrhythmia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). As in the general population, AF is associated with an increased risk of thromboembolism and stroke, according to progressive decline of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, CKD patients, especially those on renal replacement therapy (RRT), also exhibit an increased risk of bleeding, especially from the gastrointestinal tract. Oral anticoagulation is the most effective form of thromboprophylaxis in patients with AF presenting increased risk of stroke. Limited evidence on efficacy, the increased risk of bleeding as well as some concern regarding the use of warfarin in CKD, has often resulted in the underuse of anticoagulation CKD patients. A large body of evidence suggests that non-vitamin K-dependent oral anticoagulant agents (NOACs) significantly reduce the risk of stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, and mortality, with lower to similar major bleeding rates compared with vitamin K antagonist such as warfarin in normal renal function subjects. Hence, they are currently recommended for patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for stroke. However, NOACs metabolism is largely dependent on the kidneys for elimination and little is known in patients with creatinine clearance <25 ml/min who were excluded from all pivotal phase 3 NOACs trials. This review focuses on the current pharmacokinetic, observational, and prospective data on NOACs in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (creatinine clearance <25 ml/) and those on dialysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of L‐Glutamic Acid Stereospecifically Labelled at C‐4 with Tritium: Stereochemistry of Tritium Release Catalyzed by the Vitamin K‐Dependent Carboxylase in the Absence of Carboxylation. (1986)

Abstract The isomeric halogen esters (III) and (IV) (separable mixture) are prepared from the racemic mesylate (I). However, only the tritiated isomer (Va) can be satisfactorily obtained using (IV); when (III) is used, a mixture of (Va) and its isomer (Vb) is obtained.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Introducing Nanochemoprevention as a Novel Approach for Cancer Control: Proof of Principle with Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Introducing Nanochemoprevention as a Novel Approach for Cancer Control: Proof of Principle with Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate
Global Perspectives on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (2018)

Over the past 2 decades, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has grown from a relatively unknown disease to the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the world. In fact, 25% of the world's population is currently thought to have NAFLD. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the subtype of NAFLD that can progress to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and death. NAFLD and NASH are not only found in adults-there is also a high prevalence of these diseases in children and adolescents. Because of the close association of NAFLD with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and obesity, the latest models predict that the prevalence of NAFLD and NASH will increase, causing a tremendous clinical and economic burden and poor patient-reported outcomes. Nonetheless, there is no accurate noninvasive method to detect NASH, and treatment of this disease is limited to lifestyle modifications. To examine the state of NAFLD among different regions and understand the global trajectory of this disease, an international group of experts came together during the 2017 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Global NAFLD Forum. We provide a summary of this forum and an assessment of the current state of NAFLD and NASH worldwide.
Patient-reported outcome measures for physical function in cancer patients: content comparison of the EORTC CAT Core, EORTC QLQ-C30, SF-36, FACT-G, and PROMIS measures using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (2023)

Our results provide information about conceptual differences between common PRO measures for the assessment of PF in cancer patients. Our results complement quantitative information on psychometric characteristics of these measures and provide a better understanding of the possibilities of establishing common metrics.
Inference of single cell profiles from histology stains with the Single Cell omics from Histology Analysis Framework (SCHAF) (2023)

Tissue biology involves an intricate balance between cell-intrinsic processes and interactions between cells organized in specific spatial patterns, which can be respectively captured by single cell profiling methods, such as single cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) and spatial transcriptomics, and histology imaging data, such as Hematoxylin-and-Eosin (H&E) stains. While single cell profiles provide rich molecular information, they can be challenging to collect routinely in the clinic and either lack spatial resolution or high gene throughput. Conversely, histological H&E assays have been a cornerstone of tissue pathology for decades, but do not directly report on molecular details, although the observed structure they capture arises from molecules and cells. Here, we leverage vision transformers and adversarial deep learning to develop the Single Cell omics from Histology Analysis Framework (SCHAF), which generates a tissue sample's spatially-resolved whole transcriptome single cell omics dataset from its H&E histology image. We demonstrate SCHAF on a variety of tissues- including lung cancer, metastatic breast cancer, placentae, and whole mouse pups-training with matched samples analyzed by sc/snRNA-seq, H&E staining, and, when available, spatial transcriptomics. SCHAF generated appropriate single cell profiles from histology images in test data, related them spatially, and compared well to ground-truth scRNA-Seq, expert pathologist annotations, or direct spatial transcriptomic measurements, with some limitations. SCHAF opens the way to next-generation H&E analyses and an integrated understanding of cell and tissue biology in health and disease.
Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of Tunisian halophyte Suaeda mollis (2023)

The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties of Tunisian Suaeda mollis specie after fractionation by increasing polarity of several extracts (Hexane, Dichloromerthane, Methanol and water). Water and methanol extracts of S. mollis exhibited the best in vitro antioxidant ability (2.92±0.19 and 2.77±0.21 µmol TE/mg, respectively), while, dichloromethane extract displayed the highest ex vivo antioxidant activity with an IC50 equal to 1.73 µg/ml. Besides, hexane extract showed an important anti-inflammatory effect inhibiting NO with 55.9% at 160 µg/ml. Finally, dichloromethane extract displayed a potent anticancer activity against cancerous cells A-549 with an IC50 equal to 70±7 µg/ml as well as non cancerous cells Detroit-551 and WS1 (IC50=81±1 and 62±5 µg/ml, respectively) using resazurin test. Moreover, hexane extract is efficient against Caco-2 (IC50=122 µg/ml). Overall, the results suggested that biological activities are influenced by solvent polarity and extractability.
Integrando la criptografía cuántica en redes clásicas (2007)

En este articulo discutimos las limitaciones y ventajas de la distribucion cuantica de claves y los primeros pasos hacia su inclusion dentro de la infraestructura de seguridad en las redes de comunicaciones convencionales.
Adaptive discrete cosine transform coding with vector quantization for color images (2005)

A new vector quantization scheme in discrete cosine transform domain, named DCT-VQ and its application to color image coding are described. In this scheme, DCT-domain is partitioned into vectors which are normalized and vector-quantized using universal vector quantizers designed with multidimensional Laplacian distribution. Adaptive coding scheme is also introduced to obtain better reconstruction of images. The color image coder employs the above scheme and encodes separately three components converted from R,G,B signals. The simulations have shown that adaptive DCT-VQ exhibits better performance than a conventional adaptive cosine transform coding with scalar quantization. The decomposition of DCT-block into vectors results in much less complex coder than a vector quantizer in original space domain.
Surface potential decay on material samples taken from in-service aged HVDC silicone rubber composite insulators (2017)

Surface potential decay characteristics of specimens extracted from in-service aged and reference HVDC composite insulator sheds are reported and analyzed in this paper. In the experiments, surfaces of the insulator samples were charged by dc corona and the decay was recorded utilizing a non-contact technique. In addition, surface and bulk conductivities of the specimens were determined and used for analyzing by means of computer simulations their impact on the potential distribution profiles and its decay. Based on the performed experiments, trap density distributions, mobility of charge carriers and field dependent bulk conductivities are deduced for the investigated samples with the aim to evaluate the ageing severity.
Information Cascades on Arbitrary Topologies (2016)

In this paper, we study information cascades on graphs. In this setting, each node in the graph represents a person. One after another, each person has to take a decision based on a private signal as well as the decisions made by earlier neighboring nodes. Such information cascades commonly occur in practice and have been studied in complete graphs where everyone can overhear the decisions of every other player. It is known that information cascades can be fragile and based on very little information, and that they have a high likelihood of being wrong. Generalizing the problem to arbitrary graphs reveals interesting insights. In particular, we show that in a random graph $G(n,q)$, for the right value of $q$, the number of nodes making a wrong decision is logarithmic in $n$. That is, in the limit for large $n$, the fraction of players that make a wrong decision tends to zero. This is intriguing because it contrasts to the two natural corner cases: empty graph (everyone decides independently based on his private signal) and complete graph (all decisions are heard by all nodes). In both of these cases a constant fraction of nodes make a wrong decision in expectation. Thus, our result shows that while both too little and too much information sharing causes nodes to take wrong decisions, for exactly the right amount of information sharing, asymptotically everyone can be right. We further show that this result in random graphs is asymptotically optimal for any topology, even if nodes follow a globally optimal algorithmic strategy. Based on the analysis of random graphs, we explore how topology impacts global performance and construct an optimal deterministic topology among layer graphs.
Seropositivity of COVID-19 among asymptomatic healthcare workers: A multi-site prospective cohort study from Northern Virginia, United States (2021)

In Northern Virginia, the seropositive rate of COVID-19 disease among HCW was comparable to that in the community.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Organoboranes with Sodium Percarbonate. (1990)

Abstract A series of representative alkenes such as 1‐hexene, cyclohexene and styrene is hydroborated with BH 3 ·THF and the organoboranes formed are oxidized to the corresponding alcohols with sodium percarbonate.
A Study of the Mechanisms Influencing Ligament Growth (1989)

This study investigated the effects of tension and/or exogenous growth hormone on the growth (elongation) of ligaments. In the first experiment, tension was applied to the lateral collateral ligaments of immature rabbits. In the second experiment, a group of skeletally mature rabbits was given exogenous growth hormone while tension was applied to their lateral collateral ligaments. The results revealed that immature rabbit ligaments elongated 140 +/- 18% when tension was applied, while "control" ligaments elongated 79 +/- 5% (P less than .01). In mature rabbits receiving exogenous growth hormone, no significant change was found in the ligament's length with or without the application of tension when compared with controls. Tension applied to ligaments in immature rabbits can increase ligament growth, indicating that physical forces (tension) may be important in the regulation of ligament growth. The same tension applied to mature rabbit ligaments in combination with exogenous growth hormone did not cause a resumption of growth, indicating that tension and the presence of growth hormone are not the only factors necessary for ligament growth.
Protein Inhibitor of Activated STAT3 (PIAS3) Is Down-Regulated in Eutopic Endometrium of Women with Endometriosis (2016)

Endometriosis is a major cause of chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Activation of STAT3 appears central to the inflammatory phenotype of eutopic endometrium in women with endometriosis. However, the molecular mechanism by which this occurs remains unknown. Our objective is to determine how STAT3 activity is regulated in endometriosis. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 (PIAS3) is a negative regulator of STAT3 activity. We examined the levels of PIAS3 in endometrium from women with and without endometriosis using Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Levels of PIAS3 are significantly lower, in contrast with phosphorylation of STAT3, in women with endometriosis compared to women without endometriosis. Furthermore, induction of endometriosis in the baboon showed a significant reduction of PIAS3 expression during the progression of the disease. Interferon-γ (INFγ) reduces PIAS3 protein levels and increases phospho-STAT3 levels through CXCL10 in endometrial cells, Ishikawa, and 12Z cells. These results suggest that attenuation of PIAS3 causes aberrant activation of STAT3 in endometriosis, leading to inflammatory changes that may impair fertility or cause pain.
Influence of Nitrogen Proximity from the Si/SiO2 Interface on Negative Bias Temperature Instability (2002)

The influence of nitrogen proximity from the Si/SiO 2 interface on negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) effect has been studied. It is found that NBTI lifetime increases significantly by removing the nitrogen away from the Si/SiO 2 interface. Additionally, thermal activation energy ( E a ) which dictating the amount of NBTI degradation, is also found to be strongly dependent on the proximity of nitrogen from the Si/SiO 2 interface. The experimental observations in this letter lend support to the mechanisms of nitrogen-enhanced NBTI in which lowering of hole trapping reaction energy induced by interfacial nitrogen.
Fast Fully 3-D Image Reconstruction in PET Using Planograms (2004)

We present a method of performing fast and accurate three-dimensional (3-D) backprojection using only Fourier transform operations for line-integral data acquired by planar detector arrays in positron emission tomography. This approach is a 3-D extension of the two-dimensional (2-D) linogram technique of Edholm. By using a special choice of parameters to index a line of response (LOR) for a pair of planar detectors, rather than the conventional parameters used to index a LOR for a circular tomograph, all the LORs passing through a point in the field of view (FOV) lie on a 2-D plane in the four-dimensional (4-D) data space. Thus, backprojection of all the LORs passing through a point in the FOV corresponds to integration of a 2-D plane through the 4-D "planogram." The key step is that the integration along a set of parallel 2-D planes through the planogram, that is, backprojection of a plane of points, can be replaced by a 2-D section through the origin of the 4-D Fourier transform of the data. Backprojection can be performed as a sequence of Fourier transform operations, for faster implementation. In addition, we derive the central-section theorem for planogram format data, and also derive a reconstruction filter for both backprojection-filtering and filtered-backprojection reconstruction algorithms. With software-based Fourier transform calculations we provide preliminary comparisons of planogram backprojection to standard 3-D backprojection and demonstrate a reduction in computation time by a factor of approximately 15.
Plasma sputtering deposition of platinum into porous fuel cell electrodes (2004)

Platinum is deposited into porous carbon materials relevant for fuel cell electrodes using plasma sputtering techniques. The resulting platinum concentration profile extends up to 2 μm into the porous carbon and is well fitted by a generalized stretched
Optimal circadian rhythm control with light input for rapid entrainment and improved vigilance (2012)

Circadian rhythm is the biological process critical to the well being of all living organisms. The circadian rhythms oscillate with a period of approximately 24 hours due to the light-darkness pattern of the solar day. Circadian disruption, as experienced by night shift workers, travelers, submariners or miners, can lead to lower productivity, sleep disorder, and other more serious health problems. Using artificial light to regulate the circadian rhythm has long been proposed. The common approach is to use the phase response curve - the amount of steady state phase shift due to light pulses applied at specified times. In this paper, we consider a commonly used nonlinear second order oscillator model for the circadian rhythm response with light intensity as the input. Our first goal is to establish a performance bound by solving the minimum time control problem for a specified phase shift with contrained light intensity. The result is a much faster phase shift as compared to natural light-darkness pattern. We further extend the optimal control to vigilance, which is regulated in part by circadian rhythm, to maximize a vigilance lower bound for specified time and duration. Based on the two-process model of vigilance, the problem is formulated as an optimal control of switched system, and the optimization strategy is demonstrated via a simulation example.
MBiCMOS: A Device And Circuit Technique Scalable To The Sub-micron, Sub-211 Regime (1991)

The delay advantage of conventional BiCMOS over CMOS is lost at reduced supply voltage due to faster delay degradation. Complementary BiCMOS and level-shifted BiCMOS have been suggested as possible solutions but suffer either from increased process complexity (pnp devices) or circuit complexity (extra devices per gate). This paper describes a merged BiCMOS (MBiCMOS) gate that is scalable to the sub-micron, sub-2V regime. The gate is fabricated in a 1μm conventional BiCMOS technology with triple-diffused BJTs. The cross-over voltage in the delay vs. supply curve at which the delay becomes greater than CMOS is reduced from 3V for 1μm BiCMOS to 2.4V for 1μm MBiCMOS and from 3.2V to 2.6V in the 2μm technology. Circuit simulation using measured device parameters in a 0.5μm technology shows that the crossover occurs below 2V. The gate uses merged pMOS-npn devices that require no additional process steps. Compared to conventional BICMOS, the MBiCMOS gate uses 4 instead of 6 discrete devices, occupies 35% less area and shows no increase in power-delay product.
Load Balancing and Static Placement/Scheduling Heuristic on Distributed Heterogeneous Architecture (2007)

International audience
Hyperperiod bus scheduling and optimizations for TDL components (2007)

The Timing Definition Language (TDL) provides a component model and a tool chain as a solution for building time-safe components that can be developed independently and integrated in a distributed platform without changing the observable behavior and the code of existing components. TDL is based on the Logical Execution Time abstraction and supports the decomposition of hard real-time applications into modules that are executed logically in parallel. This paper presents the algorithms for automatic schedule generation of TDL communications over the hyperperiod. As modules may switch modes independently, we combine the messages from all modes in the schedule. Hence, we introduce several optimizations to save bandwidth and improve the schedule's feasibility.
<title>Physical mechanisms of pulsed infrared laser ablation of biological tissues</title> (1998)

Time-resolved measurement of the stress transients generated by pulsed infrared irradiation and ablation of tissue has demonstrated that these processes are governed primarily by photothermal processes. For ablation of porcine dermis at 2.79 micrometer (Q-sw Er:YSGG) and 10.6 micrometer (CO2), the onset of material removal has been shown to be delayed with respect to irradiation and the magnitude of the generated stress transients are consistent with a model for explosive material removal. Upon consideration of the threshold radiant exposure for ablation, it appears that the mechanism and dynamics of these processes are controlled by explosive boiling as the tissue water is likely to be significantly superheated. To examine this issue further, we employed time- resolved optical interferometry to measure the surface displacement generated by Q-sw Er:YSGG laser irradiation of pure water for radiant exposures below the ablation threshold. This was done to directly measure the dynamic thermal expansion and interphase mass transfer generated by pulsed laser heating. These results are compared to a model which computes the dynamic thermal field within a semi-infinite pool of water undergoing pulsed irradiation while subject to a surface heat flux condition given by kinetic theory. We find that the measured mass fluxes exceed that predicted by simple kinetic theory arguments. The implications of the experimental and model results to pulsed laser ablation of tissue are discussed.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Robustness Challenges in Model Distillation and Pruning for Natural Language Understanding (2021)

Recent work has focused on compressing pre-trained language models (PLMs) like BERT where the major focus has been to improve the in-distribution performance for downstream tasks. However, very few of these studies have analyzed the impact of compression on the generalizability and robustness of compressed models for out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Towards this end, we study two popular model compression techniques including knowledge distillation and pruning and show that the compressed models are significantly less robust than their PLM counterparts on OOD test sets although they obtain similar performance on in-distribution development sets for a task. Further analysis indicates that the compressed models overfit on the shortcut samples and generalize poorly on the hard ones. We further leverage this observation to develop a regularization strategy for robust model compression based on sample uncertainty. Experimental results on several natural language understanding tasks demonstrate that our bias mitigation framework improves the OOD generalization of the compressed models, while not sacrificing the in-distribution task performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Cyclization Reactions of 4‐[Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl)amino]‐9‐(3‐dimethylaminopropylamino)‐1‐nitroacridines: Approaches to the Synthesis of ′Nitracrine Mustard′. (1986)

Abstract Reaction of the chlorodinitrobenzene (I) with the amine (II) followed by selective reduction yields the nitroaniline (III), which is reacted with DPIC to give the diol (IVa) and its diacetate (IVb).